bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment deintensification in human papillomavirus‐positive oropharynx cancer: Outcomes from the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Cheraghlou Shayan , Yu Phoebe K. , Otremba Michael D. , Park Henry S. , Bhatia Aarti , Zogg Cheryl K. , Mehra Saral , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThe growing epidemic of human papillomavirus‐positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal cancer and the favorable prognosis of this disease etiology have led to a call for deintensified treatment for some patients with HPV+ cancers. One of the proposed methods of treatment deintensification is the avoidance of chemotherapy concurrent with definitive/adjuvant radiotherapy. To the authors' knowledge, the safety of this form of treatment de‐escalation is unknown and the current literature in this area is sparse. The authors investigated outcomes after various treatment combinations stratified by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition disease stage using patients from the National Cancer Data Base.METHODSA retrospective study of 4443 patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer in the National Cancer Data Base was conducted. Patients were stratified into AJCC eighth edition disease stage groups. Multivariate Cox regressions as well as univariate Kaplan‐Meier analyses were conducted.RESULTSFor patients with stage I disease, treatment with definitive radiotherapy was associated with diminished survival compared with chemoradiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.798; P = .029), surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (HR, 2.563; P = .002), or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR, 2.427; P = .001). For patients with stage II disease, compared with treatment with chemoradiotherapy, patients treated with a single‐modality (either surgery [HR, 2.539; P = .009] or radiotherapy [HR, 2.200; P = .030]) were found to have poorer survival. Among patients with stage III disease, triple‐modality therapy was associated with improved survival (HR, 0.518; P = .024) compared with treatment with chemoradiotherapy.CONCLUSIONSDeintensification of treatment from chemoradiotherapy to radiotherapy or surgery alone in cases of HPV+ AJCC eighth edition stage I or stage II disease may compromise patient safety. Treatment intensification to triple‐modality therapy for patients with stage III disease may improve survival in this group. Cancer 2018;124:717‐26. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
An efficient parallel simulation of unsteady blood flows in patient‐specific pulmonary artery
Authors: Kong Fande , Kheyfets Vitaly , Finol Ender , Cai Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSimulation of blood flows in the pulmonary artery provides some insight into certain diseases by examining the relationship between some continuum metrics, eg, the wall shear stress acting on the vascular endothelium, which responds to flow‐induced mechanical forces by releasing vasodilators/constrictors. V. Kheyfets, in his previous work, studies numerically a patient‐specific pulmonary circulation to show that decreasing wall shear stress is correlated with increasing pulmonary vascular impedance. In this paper, we develop a scalable parallel algorithm based on domain decomposition methods to investigate an unsteady model with patient‐specific pulsatile waveforms as the inlet boundary condition. The unsteady model offers tremendously more information about the dynamic behavior of the flow field, but computationally speaking, the simulation is a lot more expensive since a problem which is similar to the steady‐state problem has to be solved many times, and therefore, the traditional sequential approach is not suitable anymore. We show computationally that simulations using the proposed parallel approach with up to 10 000 processor cores can be obtained with much reduced compute time. This makes the technology potentially usable for the routine study of the dynamic behavior of blood flows in the pulmonary artery, in particular, the changes of the blood flows and the wall shear stress in the spatial and temporal dimensions.
Deoxythymidine–Pterin Fluorescent Adduct Formation through a Photosensitized Process
Authors: Estébanez Sandra , Thomas Andrés H. , Lorente Carolina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new fluorescent compound was isolated from UVA‐irradiated aqueous solutions containing pterin (Ptr) and 2′deoxythymidine (dT) in anaerobic conditions. Pterins are widespread in living systems in small amounts, but they are accumulated in some pathological situations. Under UVA radiation, pterins are photochemically active, fluorescent, and photosensitize the generation of singlet oxygen [1O2(1Δg)]. The isolated compound was structurally characterized by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and its photophysical properties were studied with the time‐correlated single‐photon‐counting technique. The molecular weight and the analysis of the fragmentation correspond to a molecule where the pterinic moiety is attached to the thymine nucleobase. The product exhibits photophysical properties similar to those of Ptr, including relatively high fluorescence and 1O2 production quantum yields.
Randomized crossover trial comparing EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with EUS‐guided fine‐needle biopsy for gastric subepithelial tumors
Authors: Iwai Tomohisa , Kida Mitsuhiro , Imaizumi Hiroshi , Miyazawa Shiro , Okuwaki Kosuke , Yamauchi Hiroshi , Kaneko Toru , Hasegawa Rikiya , Miyata Eiji , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: December 2017

AimThe purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) and EUS‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) for gastric subepithelial tumors (SET).MethodsPatients diagnosed SET derived from fourth layer of the stomach were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo both EUS‐FNA using standard needle and EUS‐FNB using a core biopsy needle alternatively to the same lesion a total of four times per session. The specimen was carefully examined for the presence of a macroscopic visible core, appearing as threadlike yellowish or bloody pieces of tissue and blinded histocytologic analyses were conducted. For spindle cell lesions by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) on histologic evaluation, immunohistochemical staining was performed in all cases to confirm the pathological diagnosis.ResultsA total of 23 patients were enrolled and underwent paired EUS‐FNA and ‐FNB sampling. The diagnostic rate due to immunohistochemical staining was 73.9% and 91.3%, respectively (P = .120). The rate of obtaining specimens with a macroscopic yellowish core and only a bloody core among the tissue specimens were respectively 43.5% and 52.2% for EUS‐FNA and 69.6% and 30.4% for EUS‐FNB. The diagnostic rate for a yellowish core (84.6%) and a bloody core (84.2%, P = .971) did not differ significantly.ConclusionBoth techniques were equivalently safe and successful in terms of a high diagnostic yield for gastric SET. And the tissue that can be immunohistochemically stained is present even in the specimens that appear to be a macroscopically bloody core.
Focused ultrasound brain stimulation to anesthetized rats induces long‐term changes in somatosensory evoked potentials
Authors: Yoo Seung‐Schik , Yoon Kyungho , Croce Phillip , Cammalleri Amanda , Margolin Ryan W. , Lee Wonhye 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLow‐intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a noninvasive brain stimulation modality that can reach deep brain areas with high spatial specificity. Previous studies have identified transient effects of FUS on the brain excitability and accompanying physiological responses. Yet the presence of long‐lasting effects of FUS, which extend on the order of half an hour or more, has not been probed. We transcranially applied FUS to the somatosensory areas of the anesthetized rats for 10 min at a low duty cycle (5%) and intensity, far below the level that could alter the tissue temperature. Concurrently, we measured electroencephalographic somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) induced by the unilateral electrical stimulation of the hind limb before and after the sonication. Compared with the control sham condition that did not involve sonication, differential SEP features were evident and persisted beyond 35 min after the administration of FUS. The presence of this nontransient neuromodulatory effect may provide early evidence that FUS‐mediated brain stimulation has the potential to induce neuroplasticity.
Synthesis and antioxidant, antixanthine oxidase, and antielastase activities of novel N,S‐substituted polyhalogenated nitrobutadiene derivatives
Authors: Onul Nihal , Ertik Onur , Mermer Nese , Yanardag Refiye 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, three substituted polyhalogenated nitrobutadiene derivatives were synthesized. Compound 1‐[(2,3‐dibromopropyl)sulfanyl]‐1,3,4,4‐tetrachloro‐2‐nitrobuta‐1,3‐diene (4) was synthesized before by our group. Compounds 8‐{[1‐[(2,3‐dibromopropyl)sulfany]‐3,4,4‐trichloro‐2‐nitrobuta‐1,3‐butadien‐1‐yl}‐1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]decane (5) and 1‐[(2,3‐dibromopropyl)sulfanyl]‐3,4,4‐trichloro‐N‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐2‐nitrobuta‐1,3‐diene‐1‐amine (6) were synthesized in this work as original compounds. Xanthine oxidase, elastase inhibition abilities, and antioxidant activities were investigated in this work for compounds 4, 5, and 6. In this study, compounds 4, 5, and 6 exhibited antixanthine oxidase, antielastase, and antioxidant activities. Among the compounds screened, compound 4 exhibited xanthine oxidase and elastase inhibitor effect similar to the standard compound. Among the three tested compounds, compound 6 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activities. Therefore, these three compounds (4, 5, and 6) may be useful as an antixanthine oxidase, antielastase, and antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
Three‐dimensional liver‐derived extracellular matrix hydrogel promotes liver organoids function
Authors: Saheli Mona , Sepantafar Mohammadmajid , Pournasr Behshad , Farzaneh Zahra , Vosough Massoud , Piryaei Abbas , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn important advantage of employing extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived biomaterials in tissue engineering is the ability to tailor the biochemical and biophysical microenvironment of the cells. This study aims to assess whether three‐dimensional (3D) liver‐derived ECM hydrogel (LEMgel) promotes physiological function of liver organoids generated by self‐organization of human hepatocarcinoma cells together with human mesenchymal and endothelial cells. We have optimized the decellularization method to fabricate liver ECM derived from sheep to preserve the greatest content of glycosaminoglycans, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin in produced LEMgel. During gelation, complex viscoelasticity modulus of the LEMgel (3 mg/mL) increased from 186.7 to 1570.5 Pa and Tan Delta decreased from 0.27 to 0.18. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) determined that the LEMgel had a pore size of 382 ± 71 µm. Hepatocarcinoma cells in the self‐organized liver organoids in 3D LEMgel (LEMgel organoids) showed an epithelial phenotype and expressed ALB, CYP3A4, E‐cadherin, and ASGPR. The LEMgel organoid had significant upregulation of transcripts of ALB, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and TAT as well as downregulation of AFP compared to collagen type I‐ and hydrogel‐free‐organoids or organoids in solubilized LEM and 2D culture of hepatocarcinoma cells. Generated 3D LEMgel organoids had significantly more ALB and AAT secretion, urea production, CYP3A4 enzyme activity, and inducibility. In conclusion, 3D LEMgel enhanced the functional activity of self‐organized liver organoids compared to traditional 2D, 3D, and collagen gel cultures. Our novel 3D LEMgel organoid could potentially be used in liver tissue engineering, drug discovery, toxicology studies, or bio‐artificial liver fabrication.
131I radiolabeled immune albumin nanospheres loaded with doxorubicin for in vivo combinatorial therapy
Authors: Ji Anping , Zhang Yuanchao , Lv Gaochao , Lin Jianguo , Qi Ning , Ji Faquan , Du Minghua 
Published: December 2017

For the purpose of providing new insights for high‐efficiency radiochemotherapy of hepatoma, a radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy combinatorial therapy albumin nanospheres 131I‐antiAFPMcAb‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs was designed and prepared. It was obtained in a high radiolabeling yield approximately 65% with the radiochemical purity of over 98%. The transmission electron microscope showed that the nanospheres obtained in good monodispersion with a diameter of approximately 230 nm. The doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity of the DOX‐BSA‐NPs nanoparticles was determined to be approximately 180 μg/mg and 95.79 ± 3.89%. DOX was released gradually in 6 days. In vivo tumor‐growth inhibition experiments showed that after treating with 131I‐antiAFPMcAb‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs for 14 days, the tumor volume decreased more obvious than that of other 2 time points and the control groups. All the results indicated that the radiolabeled immune albumin nanospheres 131I‐antiAFPMcAb‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs could significantly inhibit the hepatoma tumor growth with the strategy of combinatorial radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of protonated cocaine: New details to an old story
Authors: Dias Herbert J. , Bento Mariana V. B. , da Silva Éder H. , Saturnino‐Júnior Andrade , de Oliveira Marcelo F. , Vessecchi Ricardo , Parreira Renato L. T. , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe have used a combination of multiple stage mass spectrometry (MSn) experiments, hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments, and thermochemical data estimated by computational chemistry calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory to revisit the gas‐phase fragmentation of protonated cocaine. The lone pair of nitrogen participates in major fragmentation routes of protonated cocaine, to generate cyclic iminium ions. The structure of product ion m/z 182, which has been previously proposed in the literature, was shown to be unstable; therefore, we have decided to revisit it. Here, we propose another ion structures for the product ion m/z 182 that is supported by thermochemical data. Compared with the formation of other product ions, the formation of the most intense product ions in the collision‐induced dissociation spectrum of protonated cocaine (m/z 182 and m/z 82) is the most energetically favorable. We propose the structure and formation of m/z 122 and m/z 91 for the first time. We suggest that m/z 91 originates from m/z 122 instead of m/z 119, as fully supported by MSn experiments. The results of this study could help to study and quantify cocaine metabolites.
Fixed‐bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty restores neither the medial pivoting behavior nor the ligament forces of the intact knee in passive flexion
Authors: Kia Mohammad , Warth Lucian C. , Lipman Joseph D. , Wright Timothy M. , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Cross Michael B. , Mayman David J. , Pearle Andrew D. , Imhauser Carl W. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTMedial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an accepted treatment for isolated medial osteoarthritis. However, using an improper thickness for the tibial component may contribute to early failure of the prosthesis or disease progression in the unreplaced lateral compartment. Little is known of the effect of insert thickness on both knee kinematics and ligament forces. Therefore, a computational model of the tibiofemoral joint was used to determine how non‐conforming, fixed bearing medial UKA affects tibiofemoral kinematics, and tension in the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during passive knee flexion. Fixed bearing medial UKA could not maintain the medial pivoting that occurred in the intact knee from 0° to 30° of passive flexion. Abnormal anterior–posterior (AP) translations of the femoral condyles relative to the tibia delayed coupled internal tibial rotation, which occurred in the intact knee from 0° to 30° of flexion, but occurred from 30° to 90° of flexion following UKA. Increasing or decreasing tibial insert thickness following medial UKA also failed to restore the medial pivoting behavior of the intact knee despite modulating MCL and ACL forces. Reduced AP constraint in non‐conforming medial UKA relative to the intact knee leads to abnormal condylar translations regardless of insert thickness even with intact cruciate and collateral ligaments. This finding suggests that the conformity of the medial compartment as driven by the medial meniscus and articular morphology plays an important role in controlling AP condylar translations in the intact tibiofemoral joint during passive flexion. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1868–1875, 2018.
Multimodal treatment in difficult sialolithiasis: Role of extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy and intraductal pneumatic lithotripsy
Authors: Koch Michael , Schapher Mirco , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , von Scotti Felix , Goncalves Miguel , Iro Heinrich 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo assess results after treatment of difficult/complex sialolithiasis with extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and intraductal pneumatic lithotripsy (IPL).Study DesignRetrospective study in a tertiary referral center.MethodsAltogether, 63 stones were diagnosed in 38 patients with difficult/complex sialolithiasis. Forty‐nine stones were treated with fragmentation using both ESWL and IPL. Stones accessible with the sialendoscope were treated primarily with IPL in multiple sialolithiasis.ResultsSeventy‐one ESWL procedures and 57 IPL were performed in our patients. Forty‐nine stones were treated by 67 ESWL procedures and 52 IPL. ESWL converted sialoliths from sialendoscopically untreatable into sialendoscopically treatable cases in 94.7%; the treatment then was completed by a total of 52 IPL procedures. ESWL was performed before IPL (81.6%), in combination with IPL (7.9%) and after (10.5%). Complete fragmentation was achieved in 97.9%. Four stones each were treated with ESWL and IPL alone in multiple sialolithiasis. Altogether, 53 stones were treated by 57 IPL procedures. Complete fragmentation was achieved in 98.1% of the 53 stones. ESWL and IPL were the dominant treatment modalities in 84.1% of all 63 stones treated. Of all 38 patients, 92.1% became stone‐free and all became symptom‐free. All the glands were preserved. Multiple stones were treated in 34.2% of the patients; of these, 92.3% became stone‐free.ConclusionThese results show that patients with difficult and complex sialolithiasis can be treated with high success rates of > 90% using a multimodal, minimally invasive, and gland‐preserving treatment approach. ESWL and IPL played a key role in this multimodal treatment regime in > 80% of stones.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:E332–E338, 2018
Assessment and improvement of the sea ice processing for dissolved inorganic carbon analysis
Authors: Hu Yu‐Bin , Wang Feiyue , Boone Wieter , Barber David , Rysgaard Søren 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important parameter to characterize the biogeochemical processes in sea ice and across the ocean‐sea ice‐atmosphere interface. The main challenge in bulk sea ice processing for DIC analysis is to melt the ice core without exposure to the air, which otherwise might contaminate the sample. A common practice is to seal the ice core in a gas‐tight plastic bag and remove the air gently using a syringe or a hand pump. However, this procedure is time‐consuming and the uncertainty in DIC concentration processed in this way has not been fully accessed. In this study, we modified the method by using a vacuum sealer and evaluated this procedure by examining the impact of ice sample processing, biological activity, gaseous CO2 initially present in sea ice, and the presence of ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) crystals. The results show that no loss or gain in DIC occurs during the evacuation and ice melting process and that it might not be necessary to pre‐poison the ice samples during the ice melting process. In addition, gaseous CO2 initially present in sea ice has a negligible impact on DIC analysis. If detectable ikaite crystals are present in sea ice, the measurement results should be referred to total inorganic carbon instead of DIC. The field test at Station Nord in Greenland demonstrates that the modified method is simple and quick to use even under the most remote and extreme environments.
Ghost Imaging Using Optical Correlations
Authors: Moreau Paul‐Antoine , Toninelli Ermes , Gregory Thomas , Padgett Miles J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGhost imaging uses optical correlations to enable an alternative and intriguing image acquisition technique: even though information from either one of the detectors used for the acquisition does not yield an image, an image can be obtained by harnessing the optical correlations. This Review describes a variety of both quantum and classical ghost imaging techniques, and seeks to point out where these techniques may have practical applications.
The follow‐up of progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using magnetic resonance rotating frame relaxation times
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arsalan , Laakso Hanne , Laidinen Svetlana , Kettunen Sanna , Heikura Tommi , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo , Liimatainen Timo 
Published: December 2017

Magnetic resonance rotating frame relaxation times are an alternative non‐contrast agent choice for the diagnosis of chronic myocardial infarct. Fibrosis typically occurs in progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Fibrosis has been imaged in myocardial infarcted tissue using rotating frame relaxation times, which provides the possibility to follow up progressive cardiomyopathy without contrast agents. Mild and severe left ventricular hypertrophy were induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction, and the longitudinal rotating frame relaxation times (T1ρ) and relaxation along the fictitious field (TRAFF2, TRAFF3) were measured at 5, 10, 24, 62 and 89 days after transverse aortic constriction in vivo. Myocardial fibrosis was verified using Masson's trichrome staining. Increases in the relative relaxation time differences of T1ρ, together with TRAFF2 and TRAFF3, between fibrotic and remote tissues over time were observed. Furthermore, TRAFF2 and TRAFF3 showed higher relaxation times overall in fibrotic tissue than T1ρ. Relaxation time differences were highly correlated with an excess of histologically verified fibrosis. We found that TRAFF2 and TRAFF3 are more sensitive than T1ρ to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy‐related tissue changes and can serve as non‐invasive diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging markers to follow up the mouse model of progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Effect of added ionic liquids on the solubility and viscosity of dilute ionomer solutions in tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Taylor Elliot , Hara Masanori 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolubility and viscosity behaviors of three ionomers with comparable ion contents of ca 6 mol%, i.e. poly(methyl methacrylate) sodium salt, sulfonated polystyrene calcium salt and sulfonated polystyrene sodium salt, were studied in a low‐polarity solvent, i.e. tetrahydrofuran (THF), containing an ionic liquid (IL). Upon addition to THF, the IL disrupts ionic aggregates to form a homogeneous solution and increases viscosity, because the IL disrupts intramolecular ionic aggregates at dilute concentration. Among eight ILs of the imidazolium family studied, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate performs best. The effectiveness of ILs for disrupting ionic aggregates is discussed in terms of the structures of ionomers and ILs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry