bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is combining gait retraining or an exercise programme with education better than education alone in treating runners with patellofemoral pain?A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Esculier Jean-Francois , Bouyer Laurent Julien , Dubois Blaise , Fremont Pierre , Moore Lynne , McFadyen Bradford , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: May 2017

DesignSingle-blind randomised clinical trial.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of three 8-week rehabilitation programmes on symptoms and functional limitations of runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP).MethodsSixty-nine runners with PFP were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) education on symptoms management and training modifications (education); (2) exercise programme in addition to education (exercises); (3) gait retraining in addition to education (gait retraining). Symptoms and functional limitations were assessed at baseline (T0), and after 4, 8 and 20 weeks (T4, T8and T20) using the Knee Outcome Survey of the Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) and visual analogue scales (VASs) for usual pain, worst pain and pain during running. Lower limb kinematics and kinetics during running, and isometric strength were also evaluated at T0and T8. The effects of rehabilitation programmes were assessed using two-way analysis of variance.ResultsNo significant group × time interactions (p<0.447) were found for KOS-ADLS and VASs. All three groups showed similar improvements at T4, T8and T20compared with T0(p<0.05). Only the exercises group increased knee extension strength following rehabilitation (group × time: p<0.001) and only the gait retraining group (group × time: p<0.001) increased step rate (+7.0%) and decreased average vertical loading rate (−25.4%).ConclusionEven though gait retraining and exercises improved their targeted mechanisms, their addition to education did not provide additional benefits on symptoms and functional limitations. Appropriate education on symptoms and management of training loads should be included as a primary component of treatment in runners with PFP.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02352909).
Antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from five sentinel surveillance sites in Zimbabwe, 2015–2016
Authors: Latif Ahmed S , Gwanzura Lovemore , Machiha Anna , Ndowa Francis , Tarupiwa Andrew , Gudza-Mugabe Muchaneta , Shukusho Fungai D , Chakanyuka Musanhu Christine , Wi Teodora , Unemo Magnus 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesGonorrhoea and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are major public health concerns worldwide. Enhanced AMR surveillance for gonococci is essential globally. In Zimbabwe, very limited gonococcal AMR data were reported. Our aims were to (i) implement quality-assured gonococcal AMR surveillance in Zimbabwe and (ii) investigate gonococcal AMR at five health centres in 2015–2016.MethodsGonococcal isolates from 104 men with urethral discharge were tested for susceptibility to kanamycin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin using Etest.ResultsAll isolates (102 possible to test) were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime. The level of resistance (intermediate resistance) to kanamycin and ciprofloxacin was 2.0% (2.0%) and 18.6% (27.5%), respectively. The two kanamycin-resistant isolates (R≥128 mg/L) had a kanamycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L. The ciprofloxacin resistance ranged from 9.5% to 30.8% in the five sentinel sites. Only 10 (9.6%) of the isolates were tested for susceptibility to azithromycin and 1 (10.0%) was resistant (MIC=4 mg/L).ConclusionsThe emergence of multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea internationally is a major public health concern and gonococcal AMR surveillance is crucial globally. In Zimbabwe, gonococcal AMR surveillance has now been implemented and quality assured according to WHO standards. The results of this first surveillance will be used to directly inform revisions of the national treatment guidelines. It is imperative to further strengthen the surveillance of gonococcal AMR, and ideally also treatment failures, in Zimbabwe and most countries in the WHO African region, which requires continuous national and international support, including technical support, and political and financial commitment.
Gait speed and pedestrian crossings in COPD
Authors: Nolan Claire M , Kon Samantha S C , Patel Suhani , Jones Sarah E , Barker Ruth E , Polkey Michael I , Maddocks Matthew , Man William D-C 
Published: May 2017

The assumed minimum walking speed at pedestrian crossings is 1.2 m/s. In this prospective cohort study, usual walking speed was measured over a 4 m course in 926 community-dwelling, ambulatory patients with stable COPD. Mean (SD) walking speed was 0.91 (0.24) m/s with only 10.7% walking at a speed equal or greater than 1.2 m/s. In order for 95% of this cohort to safely negotiate a pedestrian cross, traffic lights would have to assume a minimum walking speed of 0.50 m/s (2.4 times longer than current times). The current assumed normal walking speed for pedestrian crossings is inappropriate for patients with COPD.The studies were registered on clinicaltrials.gov and these data relate to the pre-results stage: NCT01649193, NCT01515709 and NCT01507415.
Endothelial cAMP deactivates ischemia-reperfusion-induced microvascular hyperpermeability via Rap1-mediated mechanisms
Authors: Korayem Adam H. , Mujica Patricio E. , Aramoto Haruo , Durán Ricardo G. , Nepali Prerna R. , Kim David D. , Harris Andrew L. , Sánchez Fabiola A. , Durán Walter N. 
Published: May 2017

Approaches to reduce excessive edema due to the microvascular hyperpermeability that occurs during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) are needed to prevent muscle compartment syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that cAMP-activated mechanisms actively restore barrier integrity in postischemic striated muscle. We found, using I/R in intact muscles and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R, an I/R mimic) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), that hyperpermeability can be deactivated by increasing cAMP levels through application of forskolin. This effect was seen whether or not the hyperpermeability was accompanied by increased mRNA expression of VEGF, which occurred only after 4 h of ischemia. We found that cAMP increases in HMVECs after H/R, suggesting that cAMP-mediated restoration of barrier function is a physiological mechanism. We explored the mechanisms underlying this effect of cAMP. We found that exchange protein activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), a downstream effector of cAMP that stimulates Rap1 to enhance cell adhesion, was activated only at or after reoxygenation. Thus, when Rap1 was depleted by small interfering RNA, H/R-induced hyperpermeability persisted even when forskolin was applied. We demonstrate that 1) VEGF mRNA expression is not involved in hyperpermeability after brief ischemia, 2) elevation of cAMP concentration at reperfusion deactivates hyperpermeability, and 3) cAMP activates the Epac1-Rap1 pathway to restore normal microvascular permeability. Our data support the novel concepts that 1) different hyperpermeability mechanisms operate after brief and prolonged ischemia and 2) cAMP concentration elevation during reperfusion contributes to deactivation of I/R-induced hyperpermeability through the Epac-Rap1 pathway. Endothelial cAMP management at reperfusion may be therapeutic in I/R injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrate that 1) stimulation of cAMP production deactivates ischemia-reperfusion-induced hyperpermeability in muscle and endothelial cells; 2) VEGF mRNA expression is not enhanced by brief ischemia, suggesting that VEGF mechanisms do not activate immediate postischemic hyperpermeability; and 3) deactivation mechanisms operate via cAMP-exchange protein activated by cAMP 1-Rap1 to restore integrity of the endothelial barrier.
Prognostic Value of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Ting‐Ting , Chen Yuan , Zhou Yun , Adi Dilare , Zheng Ying‐Ying , Liu Fen , Ma Yi‐Tong , Xie Xiang 
Published: May 2017

Background

The aim of the present study was to estimate the impact of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (
DHEAS
) on the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods and Results

The
Emb
ase, PubMed, Web of Science,
CNKI,
and WanFang databases were searched up to September 5, 2016, to identify eligible studies. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The association between
DHEAS
, either on admission or at discharge, and cardiovascular disease outcomes were reviewed. The overall risk ratio for the effect of
DHEAS
on all‐cause mortality and fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events was pooled using a fixed‐effects or a random‐effects model. The publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. Twenty‐five studies were included for systematic review. The follow‐up duration ranged from 1 to 19 years. Eighteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. We found that lower
DHEAS
levels indicated a significant increased risk for all‐cause mortality (risk ratio, 1.47; 95%
CI
, 1.38–1.56 [
P
<0.00001]), fatal cardiovascular event (risk ratio, 1.58; 95%
CI
, 1.30–1.91 [
P
<0.00001]), and nonfatal cardiovascular event (risk ratio, 1.42; 95%
CI
, 1.24–1.62 [
P
<0.0001]) in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions

Patients with cardiovascular disease who have lower
DHEAS
levels may have poorer prognosis than those with higher DHEAS levels.
Pattern of psychotropic medication use over two decades in Australian women
Authors: Stuart Amanda L , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Pasco Julie A , Quirk Shae E , Brennan-Olsen Sharon L , Berk Michael , Williams Lana J 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Few population-based studies have been used to investigate secular trends in psychotropic medication use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine psychotropic medication use over time using data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, an on-going, population-based, cohort study of Australian women. Methods: Of the 1494 women recruited at Time 1 (1993–1997), self-reported medication use from Time 2 (2004–2008) and/or Time 3 (2011–2014) was available for 889 women. Prevalence of antidepressant/antipsychotic/anxiolytic/sedative/anticonvulsant use by age and cohort strata was calculated using bootstrapping methods. Simultaneous age-cohort patterns were evaluated using logistic regression techniques. Results: The prevalence of any psychotropic medication use increased from 8.0% (95% confidence interval = [6.3, 9.8]) at Time 1 to 26.0% (95% confidence interval = [22.4, 29.4]) at Time 3, translating to a 4.3-fold increase in the likelihood of psychotropic medication use over the study period (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% confidence interval = [3.2, 5.8], p < 0.001). This increase was driven by the use of antidepressants (odds ratio = 6.4, 95% confidence interval = [4.2, 9.5], p < 0.001) and anticonvulsants (odds ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval = [1.8, 11.1]) and modest increases in the use of anxiolytic agents (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = [1.1, 3.1]) and sedatives (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = [1.6, 1.9]). The prevalence of any psychotropic medication use increased with increasing age (40–59.9 years: odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = [1.5, 2.6]; 60–79.9 years: odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval = [1.9, 3.5], compared to the 20- to 39.9-year group). Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increased dramatically over the study period (odds ratio = 15.3, 95% confidence interval = [7.0, 33.4]). Conclusion: Use of psychotropic medication has increased substantially over the past two decades, especially among older women. Further investigations into the correlates and outcomes of the increased use of psychotropic medications are warranted.
Economic Evaluation of a Pilot School–Based Dental Checkup Program
Authors: Nguyen T.M. , Hsueh Y.-S. , Morgan M.V. , Mariño R.J. , Koshy S. 
Published: May 2017

The objectives of this study were to perform an economic evaluation of a targeted school-based dental checkup program in northern metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria. A 12-mo retrospective case-control cohort analysis using the decision tree method evaluated the incremental cost-utility and cost-effectiveness ratio (ICUR/ICER) for passive standard care dental services and an outreach pilot intervention completed in 2013. A societal perspective was adopted. A total of 273 children ( n = 273) aged between 3 and 12 y met the inclusion/exclusion criteria: 128 in the standard care group and 145 in the intervention group. The total society costs included health sector costs, patient/family costs, and productivity losses in 2014 Australian dollars. Outcome measures were evaluated using quality-adjusted tooth years (QATY) and the combined deciduous and permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth prevented (DMFT-prevented). A generic outcome variable was created to determine the impact of the intervention to reach underserved populations based on government concession eligibility (cardholder status). Uncertainties were incorporated using 95% confidence intervals. The mean total society cost per child is $463 and $291 ( P = 0.002), QATY utility difference is 0.283 and 0.293 ( P = 0.937), effectiveness difference is 0.16 and 0.10 ( P = 0.756), and cardholder status is 50.0% and 66.2% ( P = 0.007), respectively, for the standard care and intervention groups. On average per child, there was a cost saving of $172 and improvement of 0.01 QATY, with an additional proportion of 16.2% of cardholder children reached. The calculated ICER was $3,252 per DMFT-prevented. The intervention dominates standard care for QATY and per 1% cardholder reached outcome measures. Our study found the pilot checkup program was largely less costly and more effective compared with the current standard care. Further research is needed to quantify the value of outreach interventions to prevent dental caries development and progression in populations from low socioeconomic status. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this research demonstrated that an outreach dental program can be less costly and more effective than standard models of dental care. It showed that a school-based dental checkup program is beneficial despite other opinions that dental screening is ineffective as a method to improve public dental health. There is fiscal economic evidence to support broader expansion of similar programs locally and internationally to reduce dental caries for children from low-income families.
Frontline Science: Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Cebpb decreases sepsis-induced immunosuppression in mice
Authors: McPeak Melissa B , Youssef Dima , Williams Danielle A , Pritchett Christopher L , Yao Zhi Q , McCall Charles E , El Gazzar Mohamed 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Sepsis inflammation accelerates myeloid cell generation to compensate for rapid mobilization of the myeloid progenitors from bone marrow. This inflammation-driven myelopoiesis, however, generates myeloid progenitors with immunosuppressive functions that are unable to differentiate into mature, innate immune cells. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand markedly in the later phases of sepsis, suppress both innate and adaptive immunity, and thus, elevate mortality. Using a murine model with myeloid-restricted deletion of the C/EBPβ transcription factor, we show that sepsis-induced generation of MDSCs depends on C/EBPβ. C/EBPβ myeloid cell–deficient mice did not generate MDSCs or develop immunosuppression and survived sepsis. However, septic mice still generated Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid progenitors at the steady-state levels similar to the control sham mice, suggesting that C/EBPβ is not involved in healthy, steady-state myelopoiesis. C/EBPβ-deficient Gr1+CD11b+ cells generated fewer monocyte- and granulocyte-like colonies than control mice did, indicating reduced proliferation potential, but differentiated normally in response to growth factors. Adoptive transfer of C/EBPβ-deficient Gr1+CD11b+ cells from late septic mice exacerbated inflammation in control mice undergoing early sepsis, confirming they were not immunosuppressive. These results show that C/EBPβ directs a switch from proinflammatory to repressor myeloid cells and identifies a novel treatment target.
Programming and memory dynamics of innate leukocytes during tissue homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Lee Christina , Geng Shuo , Zhang Yao , Rahtes Allison , Li Liwu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe field of innate immunity is witnessing a paradigm shift regarding “memory” and “programming” dynamics. Past studies of innate leukocytes characterized them as first responders to danger signals with no memory. However, recent findings suggest that innate leukocytes, such as monocytes and neutrophils, are capable of “memorizing” not only the chemical nature but also the history and dosages of external stimulants. As a consequence, innate leukocytes can be dynamically programmed or reprogrammed into complex inflammatory memory states. Key examples of innate leukocyte memory dynamics include the development of primed and tolerant monocytes when “programmed” with a variety of inflammatory stimulants at varying signal strengths. The development of innate leukocyte memory may have far-reaching translational implications, as programmed innate leukocytes may affect the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review intends to critically discuss some of the recent studies that address this emerging concept and its implication in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Caught in the act – protein adaptation and the expanding roles of the PACS proteins in tissue homeostasis and disease
Authors: Thomas Gary , Aslan Joseph E. , Thomas Laurel , Shinde Pushkar , Shinde Ujwal , Simmen Thomas 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Vertebrate proteins that fulfill multiple and seemingly disparate functions are increasingly recognized as vital solutions to maintaining homeostasis in the face of the complex cell and tissue physiology of higher metazoans. However, the molecular adaptations that underpin this increased functionality remain elusive. In this Commentary, we review the PACS proteins – which first appeared in lower metazoans as protein traffic modulators and evolved in vertebrates to integrate cytoplasmic protein traffic and interorganellar communication with nuclear gene expression – as examples of protein adaptation ‘caught in the act’. Vertebrate PACS-1 and PACS-2 increased their functional density and roles as metabolic switches by acquiring phosphorylation sites and nuclear trafficking signals within disordered regions of the proteins. These findings illustrate one mechanism by which vertebrates accommodate their complex cell physiology with a limited set of proteins. We will also highlight how pathogenic viruses exploit the PACS sorting pathways as well as recent studies on PACS genes with mutations or altered expression that result in diverse diseases. These discoveries suggest that investigation of the evolving PACS protein family provides a rich opportunity for insight into vertebrate cell and organ homeostasis.
Mechanisms of regulation and diversification of deubiquitylating enzyme function
Authors: Leznicki Pawel , Kulathu Yogesh 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Deubiquitylating (or deubiquitinating) enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that reverse protein ubiquitylation and therefore modulate the outcome of this post-translational modification. DUBs regulate a variety of intracellular processes, including protein turnover, signalling pathways and the DNA damage response. They have also been linked to a number of human diseases, such as cancer, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Although we are beginning to better appreciate the role of DUBs in basic cell biology and their importance for human health, there are still many unknowns. Central among these is the conundrum of how the small number of ∼100 DUBs encoded in the human genome is capable of regulating the thousands of ubiquitin modification sites detected in human cells. This Commentary addresses the biological mechanisms employed to modulate and expand the functions of DUBs, and sets directions for future research aimed at elucidating the details of these fascinating processes.
This article is part of a Minifocus on Ubiquitin Regulation and Function. For further reading, please see related articles: ‘Exploitation of the host cell ubiquitin machinery by microbial effector proteins’ by Yi-Han Lin and Matthias P. Machner (J. Cell Sci. 130, 1985–1996). ‘Cell scientist to watch – Mads Gyrd-Hansen’ (J. Cell Sci. 130, 1981–1983).
Letters to anorexia. Narrative tools for working with anorectic patientsin a Dialogical Self context
Authors: Tokarska Urszula , Ryżanowska Dorota 
Published: May 2017

Cel pracyPogłębienie rozumienia doświadczenia pacjentów z diagnozą anorexia nervosa w kontekście podejścia narracyjno-konstrukcjonistycznego wzbogaconego o psychologię Dialogowego Ja. Systematyczna eksploracja fenomenu wewnętrznych dialogów rozgrywających się w umysłach pacjentów pomiędzy walczącymi o wzajemną dominację zdrowymi i zaburzonymi aspektami Ja. Określenie możliwości diagnostycznych i aplikacyjnych bodźca narracyjnego w postaci „Listu do anoreksji”.MetodaPrzyjęto, iż stanowiący objaw zdrowienia proces zdobywania/ odzyskiwania relatywnego dystansu wobec wewnętrznego głosu anoreksji może być zarówno diagnozowany, jak i wspomagany z wykorzystaniem tzw. technik eksternalizacyjnych. Opracowano autorskie narzędzie kategoryzacyjne łączące wymiar pozycjonowania własnego Ja w tzw. „pozycji nad” lub „pod” w odniesieniu do „głosu anoreksji” ze stopniem rozwinięcia przez osoby badane pełnego schematu autonarracyjnego.WynikiAnalizy statystyczne pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie dwu grup pacjentek: (1) „z dominującą pozycją pod” oraz (2) z tendencją do dominowania w wewnętrznych dialogach z własną chorobą. Z wykorzystaniem metodologii ilościowo-jakościowej (uwzględniającej analizy semantyczne) określone zostały również wieloaspektowe powiązania wewnątrz tych obu homogenicznych skupień, między innymi w zakresie rodzaju dominujących w nich dialogów wewnętrznych.WnioskiPostulowane w kontekście teorii dialogowego Ja wspieranie wewnętrznej aktywności dialogowej pacjentek z anorexia nervosa wydaje się współwystępować z kolejnymi etapami procesu leczenia, co znajduje m. in. odzwierciedlenie w listach terapeutycznych pisanych do własnej choroby. Można też potencjalnie założyć relację odwrotną, a mianowicie fakt pozytywnych efektów terapeutycznych intencjonalnego stymulowania wewnętrznej dialogowości oraz narracyjnej strukturyzacji doświadczenia również z wykorzystaniem bodźca narracyjnego w formie listu. Autorzy tekstu wskazują na kierunki dalszych pogłębionych badań w tym zakresie, określając jednocześnie aspekty aplikacyjne pozyskanych wyników, zarówno w aspekcie diagnostycznym, jak i psychoterapeutycznym oraz prewencyjnym.