bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red tape and transformational leadership: an organizational echelons perspective
Authors: Campbell Jesse W. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Using the concept red tape, the purpose of this paper is to understand how job context, and especially hierarchical position, shapes the effects of transformational leadership on employee rule perception.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of South Korean central government employees across a range of organizations and hierarchical positions is used to capture perception of rule dysfunction and leadership. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to test the hypotheses generated from a review of relevant literature.

Findings
The analysis suggests that perceived transformational leadership behaviors are associated with weakened perception of rule dysfunction. However, this relationship is relevant only for employees at higher echelons of the organization, which in turn suggests that the rule perception of frontline employees is determined by other factors.

Research limitations/implications
The principle limitation of this study is its use of cross-sectional data, which precludes the demonstration of causal influence between the dependent and independent variables.

Originality/value
This study makes several contributions to the literature. Most importantly, while it has been found that characteristics at the organization level influence the effects of transformational leadership, the present study extends this theory to individual job context by incorporating hierarchical level into the analysis.
Complementarity merger as a driver of change and growth in higher education
Authors: Boling J. Ruben , Mayo Donna Taylor , Helms Marilyn M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Mergers in higher education seem to be more common as academic institutions work to control costs and avoid program duplications in challenging economic times and adopt the more common cost saving measures often espoused from business mergers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight successes from a complementarity-based merger of two institutions in the University System of Georgia (USG) and present results over time.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study methodology was employed to explain why a particular merger resulted in greater growth compared to other system-wide academic mergers. This research focuses on a single merger of two institutions in Georgia, one of seven such mergers in the USG institutions to date, involving Gainesville State College and North Georgia College and State University to become the University of North Georgia. Observations are made and complimented by secondary data to rank growth among the seven USG consolidations.

Findings
The case findings highlight the success from the complementarity of these institutions. While the two were unique institutions, the success of the merger was linked to the underlying complementarity issues.

Originality/value
Using the strategic issues inherent in mergers from the business literature, the merger of the two institutions is profiled and discussion and recommendations are provided along with areas for future research.
Minimizing counterproductive work behaviors
Authors: Huang Rui-Ting , Sun Hsi-Sheng , Hsiao Chia-Hua , Wang Ching-Wen 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is not only to investigate the impact of self-determined motivation on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), but also to examine the moderating role of perceived job insecurity in CWB.

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilized Partial Least Squares analysis to examine the data. In total, 292 private bank employees that experienced bank mergers and acquisitions before were invited to participate in this study.

Findings
The study findings have indicated that perceived autonomy will be positively linked to perceived competence and relatedness, and perceived competence and relatedness will be negatively associated with organizational and interpersonal CWB. Moreover, it has been found that perceived job insecurity could play a key role in moderating the link between self-determined motivation and CWB.

Originality/value
Although several researchers have highly focused on the critical roles of self-determined motivation and perceived job insecurity in organizational competitiveness, little is known about whether perceived job insecurity could play a key role in moderating the relationship between self-determined motivation and CWBs.
Lipids as paleomarkers to constrain the marine nitrogen cycle
Authors: Rush Darci , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryGlobal climate is, in part, regulated by the effect of microbial processes on biogeochemical cycling. The nitrogen cycle, in particular, is driven by microorganisms responsible for the fixation and loss of nitrogen, and the reduction‐oxidation transformations of bio‐available nitrogen. Within marine systems, nitrogen availability is often the limiting factor in the growth of autotrophic organisms, intrinsically linking the nitrogen and carbon cycles. In order to elucidate the state of these cycles in the past, and help envisage present and future variability, it is essential to understand the specific microbial processes responsible for transforming bio‐available nitrogen species. As most microorganisms are soft‐bodied and seldom leave behind physical fossils in the sedimentary record, recalcitrant lipid biomarkers are used to unravel microbial processes in the geological past. This review emphasises the recent advances in marine nitrogen cycle lipid biomarkers, underlines the missing links still needed to fully elucidate past shifts in this biogeochemically‐important cycle, and provides examples of biomarker applications in the geological past.
Ecotype diversification of an abundant Roseobacter lineage
Authors: Sun Ying , Zhang Yao , Hollibaugh James T. , Luo Haiwei 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe Roseobacter DC5‐80‐3 cluster (also known as the RCA clade) is among the most abundant bacterial lineages in temperate and polar oceans. Previous studies revealed two phylotypes within this cluster that are distinctly distributed in the Antarctic and other ocean provinces. Here, we report a nearly complete genome co‐assembly of three closely related single cells co‐occurring in the Antarctic, and compare it to the available genomes of the other phylotype from ocean regions where iron is more accessible but phosphorus and nitrogen are less. The Antarctic phylotype exclusively contains an operon structure consisting of a dicitrate transporter fecBCDE and an upstream regulator likely for iron uptake, whereas the other phylotype consistently carry a high‐affinity phosphate pst transporter and the phoB‐phoR regulatory system, a high‐affinity ammonium amtB transporter, urea and taurine utilization systems. Moreover, the Antarctic phylotype uses proteorhodopsin to acquire light, whereas the other uses bacteriochlorophyll‐a and the sulfur‐oxidizing sox cluster for energy acquisition. This is potentially an iron‐saving strategy for the Antarctic phylotype because only the latter two pathways have iron‐requiring cytochromes. Therefore, the two DC5‐80‐3 phylotypes, while diverging by only 1.1% in their 16S rRNA genes, have evolved systematic differences in metabolism to support their distinct ecologies.
Telemedical Care and Monitoring for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Has a Positive Effect on Survival
Authors: Herold Robert , van den Berg Neeltje , Dörr Marcus , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundTelemedical care and monitoring programs for patients with chronic heart failure have shown beneficial effects on survival in several small studies. The utility in routine care remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated a large‐sized telemedicine program in a routine care setting, enrolling in total 2,622 patients (54.7 percent male, mean age: 73.7 years) with chronic heart failure. We used reimbursement data from a large statutory health insurance and approached a matched control analysis. In a complex propensity score matching procedure, 3,719 suitable controls (54.2 percent male, mean age: 74.5 years) were matched to 1,943 intervention patients (54.1 percent male, mean age: 74.4 years). The primary endpoint of our analysis was survival after 1 year.ResultsAnalyses revealed a higher survival probability among subjects of the intervention group compared to controls group after 1 year (adjusted OR: 1.47, CI 95 percent: 1.21–1.80, p < .001) and 2 years (adjusted OR: 1.51, CI 95 percent: 1.28–1.77, p < .001), respectively.ConclusionsThe probabilities to survive after 1 and 2 years were significantly increased in the intervention group. Our findings confirm previous results of controlled trials and importantly indicate that patients with chronic heart failure may benefit from telemonitoring programs in routine care.
Effect of Chitosan Physical Form on Its Antibacterial Activity Against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Ardila Nury , Daigle France , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Ajji Abdellah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of chitosan (CS) nanospheres, in comparison with other physical forms, was investigated against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, which are 2 foodborne harmful pathogens. Results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of CS nanospheres: (1) was superior to that displayed by CS in powder and solution form; (2) was higher against S. aureus than against Salmonella Typhimurium; and (3) was dependent on the temperature and pH of the medium depending on the strain. For S. Typhimurium, a higher activity was displayed at 37 °C, in which 99.9% of the population was eradicated independently of the pH, followed by 20 °C and 7 °C, in which acidic pH conditions favored a higher susceptibility of bacteria to the effect of CS. On the contrary, S. aureus was less susceptible to the pH and temperature conditions of the medium, and no statistical difference in the antibacterial effect was observed for pH 5.8 and 8.0 at 20 °C and 37 °C. However, at 7 °C a slightly higher activity was displayed at pH 5.8 than at 8.0.
Identifying the Source of Incumbency Advantage through a Constitutional Reform
Authors: Lopes da Fonseca Mariana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study provides one of the first causal estimates of both the personal and partisan incumbency advantages. Using data on six local elections taking place during the last 20 years in 278 municipalities in Portugal, it relies on a reform introducing mayoral term limits as a natural experiment that creates exogenous variation on the incumbency status of officeholders while holding the incumbency status of the party constant. A new methodology combining two quasi‐experimental methods, the regression discontinuity and the difference‐in‐discontinuities designs, allows for a credible estimation of the independent personal and partisan returns to incumbency. Results causally identify the personal effect as the driver of the incumbency advantage.
Mortality and cardiovascular diseases risk in patients with Barrett's oesophagus: a population‐based nationwide cohort study
Authors: Erichsen R. , Horvath‐Puho E. , Lund J. L. , Dellon E. S. , Shaheen N. J. , Pedersen L. , Davey Smith G. , Sørensen H. T. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundPatients with Barrett's oesophagus may be at increased risk of mortality overall, and cardiovascular disease has been suggested as the main underlying cause of death.AimTo examine cause‐specific mortality and risk of cardiovascular events among patients with Barrett's oesophagus.MethodsUtilising existing Danish data sources (1997–2011), we identified all patients with histologically verified Barrett's oesophagus (n = 13 435) and 123 526 members of the general population matched by age, sex and individual comorbidities. We calculated cause‐specific mortality rates and incidence rates of cardiovascular diseases. We then compared rates between patients with Barrett's oesophagus and the general population comparison cohort, using stratified Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsPatients with Barrett's oesophagus had a 71% increased risk of overall mortality. The cause‐specific mortality rate per 1000 person‐years for patients with Barrett's oesophagus was 8.5 for cardiovascular diseases, 14.7 for non‐oesophageal cancers, and 5.4 for oesophageal cancer. Compared to the general population cohort, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–1.38), 1.77 (95% CI: 1.65–1.90), and 19.4 (95% CI: 16.1–23.4), respectively. The incidence rates of cardiovascular diseases per 1000 person‐years for Barrett's oesophagus patients and for persons from the general population cohort, respectively, varied from 0.4 and 0.2 for subarachnoid bleeding (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI: 0.87–1.39) to 8.1 and 5.9 for congestive heart failure (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.46).ConclusionProphylactic measures targeted at cardiovascular diseases and non‐oesophageal cancers potentially could be more important than measures against oesophageal cancer, for improving prognosis among patients with Barrett's oesophagus.
Anatomical patterns of recurrence following biochemical relapse after post‐prostatectomy salvage radiation therapy: a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Jackson William C. , Desai Neil B. , Abugharib Ahmed E. , Tumati Vasu , Dess Robert T. , Lee Jae Y. , Zhao Shuang G. , Soliman Moaaz , Folkert Michael , Laine Aaron , Hannan Raquibul , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Sandler Howard , Hamstra Daniel A. , Montgomery Jeffrey S. , Miller David C. , Kozminski Mike A. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Hearn Jason W. , Palapattu Ganesh , Tomlins Scott A. , Mehra Rohit , Morgan Todd M. , Feng Felix Y. , Spratt Daniel E. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo characterise the frequency and detailed anatomical sites of failure for patients receiving post‐radical prostatectomy (RP) salvage radiation therapy (SRT).Patients and MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective study was performed on 574 men who underwent SRT between 1986 and 2013. Anatomical recurrence patterns were classified as lymphotrophic (lymph nodes only), osteotrophic (bone only), or multifocal if both were present. Isolated first failure sites were defined as sites of initial clinically detected recurrence that remained isolated for at least 3 months.ResultsThe median follow‐up after SRT was 6.8 years. The 8‐year rates of local, regional, and distant failure for patients undergoing SRT were 2%, 6%, and 21%, respectively. Of the 22% men (128 of 574) who developed a clinically detectable recurrence, 17%, 50%, and 31% were lymphotrophic, osteotrophic, and multifocal, respectively. The trophic nature of metastases was prognostic for distant metastases‐free survival (DMFS) and prostate cancer‐specific survival (PCSS); the 10‐year rates of DMFS were 18%, 5%, and 7% (P < 0.01), and PCSS were 78%, 68%, and 56% (P < 0.01), for lymphotrophic, osteotrophic, and multifocal failure patterns, respectively.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that trophism for metastatic site has significant prognostic impact on PCSS in men treated with SRT. Radiographic local failure is an uncommon event after SRT when compared to historical data of patients treated with surgery monotherapy. However, distant failure remains a challenge in this patient population and warrants further therapeutic investigation.
Dermatopathology 101: Part 1 – Inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Liersch Julia , von Köckritz Amelie , Schaller Jörg 
Published: January 2017

SummaryDermatopathology is an indispensable tool in the diagnostic workup of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. For the dermatologist in everyday clinical practice, basic knowledge of dermatopathology is highly valuable, as it allows for proper classification and interpretation of histological findings, as well as their correlation with the clinical picture (especially in case of inflammatory skin diseases). Such basic understanding is also important with regard to selecting the appropriate biopsy technique, thus increasing the overall diagnostic quality. The present article describes the diagnostic approaches taken by dermatopathologists in the histological workup of inflammatory skin diseases. The basic principles of this workup are highlighted on the basis of key histological patterns. Published in an upcoming issue, the second part of this article will address the histological characteristics of the most common skin tumors.
Neonatal nonepileptic myoclonus is a prominent clinical feature of KCNQ2 gain‐of‐function variants R201C and R201H
Authors: Mulkey Sarah B. , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Nicolai Joost , Carroll John L. , Grønborg Sabine , Jiang Yong‐hui , Joshi Nishtha , Kelly Megan , Koolen David. A. , Mikati Mohamad A. , Park Kristen , Pearl Phillip L. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Spillmann Rebecca C. , Taglialatela Maurizio , Vieker Silvia , Weckhuysen Sarah , Cooper Edward C. , Cilio Maria Roberta 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo analyze whether KCNQ2 R201C and R201H variants, which show atypical gain‐of‐function electrophysiologic properties in vitro, have a distinct clinical presentation and outcome.MethodsTen children with heterozygous, de novo KCNQ2 R201C or R201H variants were identified worldwide, using an institutional review board (IRB)–approved KCNQ2 patient registry and database. We reviewed medical records and, where possible, interviewed parents and treating physicians using a structured, detailed phenotype inventory focusing on the neonatal presentation and subsequent course.ResultsNine patients had encephalopathy from birth and presented with prominent startle‐like myoclonus, which could be triggered by sound or touch. In seven patients, electroencephalography (EEG) was performed in the neonatal period and showed a burst‐suppression pattern. However, myoclonus did not have an EEG correlate. In many patients the paroxysmal movements were misdiagnosed as seizures. Seven patients developed epileptic spasms in infancy. In all patients, EEG showed a slow background and multifocal epileptiform discharges later in life. Other prominent features included respiratory dysfunction (perinatal respiratory failure and/or chronic hypoventilation), hypomyelination, reduced brain volume, and profound developmental delay. One patient had a later onset, and sequencing indicated that a low abundance (~20%) R201C variant had arisen by postzygotic mosaicism.SignificanceHeterozygous KCNQ2 R201C and R201H gain‐of‐function variants present with profound neonatal encephalopathy in the absence of neonatal seizures. Neonates present with nonepileptic myoclonus that is often misdiagnosed and treated as seizures. Prognosis is poor. This clinical presentation is distinct from the phenotype associated with loss‐of‐function variants, supporting the value of in vitro functional screening. These findings suggest that gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function variants need different targeted therapeutic approaches.
Multiple night‐time light‐emitting diode lighting strategies impact grassland invertebrate assemblages
Authors: Davies Thomas W. , Bennie Jonathan , Cruse Dave , Blumgart Dan , Inger Richard , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are rapidly replacing conventional outdoor lighting technologies around the world. Despite rising concerns over their impact on the environment and human health, the flexibility of LEDs has been advocated as a means of mitigating the ecological impacts of globally widespread outdoor night‐time lighting through spectral manipulation, dimming and switching lights off during periods of low demand. We conducted a three‐year field experiment in which each of these lighting strategies was simulated in a previously artificial light naïve grassland ecosystem. White LEDs both increased the total abundance and changed the assemblage composition of adult spiders and beetles. Dimming LEDs by 50% or manipulating their spectra to reduce ecologically damaging wavelengths partially reduced the number of commoner species affected from seven to four. A combination of dimming by 50% and switching lights off between midnight and 04:00 am showed the most promise for reducing the ecological costs of LEDs, but the abundances of two otherwise common species were still affected. The environmental consequences of using alternative lighting technologies are increasingly well established. These results suggest that while management strategies using LEDs can be an effective means of reducing the number of taxa affected, averting the ecological impacts of night‐time lighting may ultimately require avoiding its use altogether.
Growing trend of tattooing and its complications in Nigeria
Authors: Ayanlowo Olusola O. , Gold‐Olufadi Shakirat A. , Akinkugbe Ayesha O. , Otrofanowei Erere , Nga Charles N. , Olumide Yetunde M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryTattoo, a Polynesian word meaning ‘to mark’, is a form of body modification done by inserting indelible ink into the dermis to change its pigmentation. Tattoos are done for social, cultural, and religious purposes. It has been in existence since the 18th century and was associated with sailors, lower class individuals, and criminals. However, since the late 20th century, tattooing has undergone a redefinition and shifted to an acceptable form of expression all over the world, including Nigeria, cutting across almost all age groups and socioeconomic class. This review is aimed at highlighting the indication, complications arising from the procedure as well as removal, and how to manage them. The dermatological complications associated with tattoos can occur either during inking or attempts at removal. Most times, tattoos are obtained through unsafe means by unauthorized personnel, and this is associated with numerous health risks. Of particular importance to the dermatologists are the hypersensitivity reactions, granulomatous skin disease, and formation of both keloid and hypertrophic scars. Treatment options vary and include use of silicone gel and intralesional steroids for hypertrophic and keloid scars, topical medication for hyperpigmentation, and use of LASER for tattoo removal. In conclusion, the trend of tattooing has become a widely accepted form of social expression all over the world and is gradually gaining ground in Nigeria. Patients frequently present to the dermatologists and physicians for solutions to the complications. It is important to proffer solutions and educate patients on the various health risks associated with tattooing.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells mediate tolerance induction in autoimmune disease
Authors: Wegner Anja , Verhagen Johan , Wraith David C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn multiple sclerosis (MS) T cells aberrantly recognize self‐peptides of the myelin sheath and attack the central nervous system (CNS). Antigen‐specific peptide immunotherapy, which aims to restore tolerance while avoiding the use of non‐specific immunosuppressive drugs, is a promising approach to combat autoimmune disease, but the cellular mechanisms behind successful therapy remain poorly understood. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been studied intensively in the field of cancer and to a lesser extent in autoimmunity. Because of their suppressive effect on the immune system in cancer, we hypothesized that the development of MDSCs and their interaction with CD4+ T cells could be beneficial for antigen‐specific immunotherapy. Hence, changes in the quantity, phenotype and function of MDSCs during tolerance induction in our model of MS were evaluated. We reveal, for the first time, an involvement of a subset of MDSCs, known as polymorphonuclear (PMN)‐MDSCs, in the process of tolerance induction. PMN‐MDSCs were shown to adopt a more suppressive phenotype during peptide immunotherapy and inhibit CD4+ T‐cell proliferation in a cell‐contact‐dependent manner, mediated by arginase‐1. Moreover, increased numbers of tolerogenic PMN‐MDSCs, such as observed over the course of peptide immunotherapy, were demonstrated to provide protection from disease in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.