bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected Changes in Western U.S. Large-Scale Summer Synoptic Circulations and Variability in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Brewer Matthew C. , Mass Clifford F. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Large-scale synoptic circulations have a profound effect on western U.S. summer weather and climate. Heat waves, water availability, the distribution of monsoonal moisture, fire-weather conditions, and other phenomena are impacted by the position and amplitude of large-scale synoptic circulations. Furthermore, regional weather is modulated by the interactions of the large-scale flow with terrain and land–water contrasts. It is therefore crucial to understand projected changes in large-scale circulations and their variability under anthropogenic global warming.
Although recent research has examined changes in the jet stream, storm tracks, and synoptic disturbances over the Northern Hemisphere under global warming, most papers have focused on the cold season. In contrast, this work analyzes the projected trends in the spatial distribution and amplitude of large-scale synoptic disturbances over the western United States and eastern Pacific during July and August. It is shown that CMIP5 models project weaker mean midtropospheric gradients in geopotential height as well as attenuated temporal variability in geopotential height, temperature, vorticity, vertical motion, and sea level pressure over this region. Most models suggest reduced frequency of troughs and increased frequency of ridges over the western United States. These changes in the variability of synoptic disturbances have substantial implications for future regional weather and climate.
A New Method for Identifying the Pacific–South American Pattern and Its Influence on Regional Climate Variability
Authors: Irving Damien , Simmonds Ian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern is an important mode of climate variability in the mid-to-high southern latitudes. It is widely recognized as the primary mechanism by which El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the southeast Pacific and southwest Atlantic and in recent years has also been suggested as a mechanism by which longer-term tropical sea surface temperature trends can influence the Antarctic climate. This study presents a novel methodology for objectively identifying the PSA pattern. By rotating the global coordinate system such that the equator (a great circle) traces the approximate path of the pattern, the identification algorithm utilizes Fourier analysis as opposed to a traditional empirical orthogonal function approach. The climatology arising from the application of this method to ERA-Interim reanalysis data reveals that the PSA pattern has a strong influence on temperature and precipitation variability over West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula and on sea ice variability in the adjacent Amundsen, Bellingshausen, and Weddell Seas. Identified seasonal trends toward the negative phase of the PSA pattern are consistent with warming observed over the Antarctic Peninsula during autumn, but are inconsistent with observed winter warming over West Antarctica. Only a weak relationship is identified between the PSA pattern and ENSO, which suggests that the pattern might be better conceptualized as a preferred regional atmospheric response to various external (and internal) forcings.
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Release
Authors: Park Andrea M. , Paniello Randal C. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of a novel adductor muscle-releasing technique designed to decrease the force of vocal fold adduction, as a potential surgical therapy for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD). Study Design: Experimental animal study. Methods: A canine laryngeal model was used to assess the acute and sustained efficacy of a lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle release. A total of 34 canine hemilaryngeal preparations were divided among 7 experimental groups. The LCA muscle was separated from its cricoid cartilage origin via an open, anterior, submucosal approach. The laryngeal adductory pressures (LAP) were assessed pre- and post-muscle release via direct recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. Measurements were repeated at 1.5, 3, or 6 months postoperatively. Another study evaluated release of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle from its thyroid cartilage origin. Results: Releasing the LCA muscle demonstrated a significant decrease in LAP acutely and was maintained at all 3 time points with the aid of a barrier ( P < .05). Without the barrier, the LCA muscle reattached to the cricoid. Acute release of the TA muscle did not significantly decrease the LAP. Conclusions: The proposed LCA release procedure may provide patients with a permanent treatment option for ADSD. However, longer-term studies and human trials are needed.
Reducing cardiovascular risk factors in non-selected outpatients with schizophrenia
Authors: Hansen Mette Vinther , Hjorth Peter , Kristiansen Christina Blanner , Vandborg Kirsten , Gustafsson Lea Nørgaard , Munk-Jørgensen Povl 
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of premature death in patients with schizophrenia. We aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors in non-selected outpatients with schizophrenia using methods proven effective in short-term trials. Furthermore, we examined whether any baseline characteristics were associated with positive outcomes. Methods: All outpatients treated for schizophrenia at two Danish hospitals were included in this 1-year follow-up study. The patients were offered health interventions both individually and in groups. Weight, waist circumference, blood glucose and lipids and information on smoking and alcohol were obtained. Results: On average, small significant increases in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences were observed while small non-significant improvements in other cardiovascular risk factors were seen. Patients with high baseline BMI and patients with duration of treated illness beyond 2 years had significantly better intervention outcomes. Conclusion: Our results show that it was difficult to improve physical health in a group of non-selected patients with schizophrenia as part of routine care. The patients were not easily motivated to participate in the interventions, and it was difficult to monitor the recommended metabolic risk measures in the patient group. Future research should focus on simple strategies in health promotion that can be integrated into routine care.
The role of radical surgery in the management of CEAP C5/6 and lipodermatosclerosis
Authors: Martis Gábor , Laczik Renáta 
Published: June 2016

Aim Analysis of the radical removing of the dermatosclerotic tissues and ulcer(s) with perforator veins dissection as well as local wound and standard compression treatment of CEAP C5/6 stage in a prospective comparative cohort study. Primary endpoint is to compare the results of the one-year follow-up regarding quality of life, vein clinical severity score, and ulcer healing process. Secondary endpoint is the precise presentation of the surgical technique. Tertiary endpoint is to demonstrate the photo-documented results of the postoperative wound treatment protocol. Method Clinical and statistical comparison of radical surgery versus solely wound care and compression in a cohort of 15 patients in each group (Groups 1, 2). In Group 1, radical removing of the dermatosclerotic pannicule and leg ulcer, perforator vein dissection, great saphenous vein, or small saphenous vein was performed. Quality of life , pain intensity, vein clinical severity score and patients’ load capacity were compared. The tissue oxygen saturation changes were monitored via near infra-red spectroscopy. Results Both groups were statistically comparable. Wound healing in the operated group was 100% versus 60% in the second one, the difference was significant, p = 0.006. The quality of life: 45.33 versus 36.8, p < 0.001, intensity of leg restless and pain: 2.28 versus 5.3, p < 0.001, changes of vein clinical severity score: 5.27 versus 20.93, p < 0.001, changes of tO2sat: 19.00 versus 6.07 in the upper third of the leg p < 0.001, proved significantly better in group 1 compared to 2. Load capacity was significantly better in group 1 than 2 at the end of the study. The average wound healing time was 113 days in group 1. Conclusion The radical surgery provides significantly better results, considering quality of life, vein clinical severity score, load capacity than the conservative treatment in this study.
Changes in migraine before and after menopause in Japanese climacteric women
Authors: Makita Kazuya , Inagaki Mieko , Kitamura Shigekazu , Tatsuoka Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2016

Introduction We conducted a questionnaire survey of Japanese women with migraine who presented at neurology and gynecology headache clinics to assess how the frequency and severity of migraine in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women changed as compared with what they experienced in their 20s and 30s. Methods The study group comprised 171 women with migraine (mean age 48.5) at the time of the survey. They were requested to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. Results (1) The current frequency and severity of migraine were claimed to be higher than that in their 20s and 30s. (2) More than 50% of postmenopausal women responded that migraines were currently less frequent than in their 20s and 30s. (3) The largest proportion of postmenopausal women responded that migraine was currently less severe than during any other period. Conclusions Our survey demonstrated that there are trends toward fewer migraine attacks and milder symptoms in postmenopausal Japanese women.
Ultrasound-Guided Injection Therapy of Achilles Tendinopathy With Platelet-Rich Plasma or Saline
Authors: Krogh Thøger P. , Ellingsen Torkell , Christensen Robin , Jensen Pia , Fredberg Ulrich 
Published: June 2016

Background: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common and difficult to treat musculoskeletal disorder. Purpose: To examine whether 1 injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) would improve outcomes more effectively than placebo (saline) after 3 months in patients with AT. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 24 patients with chronic AT (median disease duration, 33 months) were randomized (1:1) to receive either a blinded injection of PRP (n = 12) or saline (n = 12). The primary endpoint was improvement in Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) score at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were pain at rest, pain while walking, pain when tendon was squeezed, ultrasonographic changes in tendon thickness, and color Doppler activity. Patients were informed that they could drop out after 3 months if they were dissatisfied with the treatment. Results: After 3 months, all 24 patients were reassessed (no dropouts). No difference between the PRP and the saline group could be observed with regard to the primary outcome (VISA-A score: mean difference [MD], –1.3; 95% CI, −17.8 to 15.2; P = .868). Secondary outcomes were pain at rest (MD, 1.6; 95% CI, −0.5 to 3.7; P = .137), pain while walking (MD, 0.8; 95% CI, −1.8 to 3.3; P = .544), pain when tendon was squeezed (MD, 0.3; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.9; P = .208), color Doppler activity (MD, 0.3; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.8; P = .260), and tendon thickness (MD, 0.8 mm; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.6 mm; P = .030). After the 3-month follow-up, a large dropout was observed: 75% of patients in the PRP group and 33% in the saline group. Conclusion: PRP injection did not result in an improved VISA-A score over a 3-month period in patients with chronic AT compared with placebo. The only secondary outcome demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the groups was change in tendon thickness; this difference indicates that a PRP injection could increase tendon thickness compared with saline injection. The conclusions are limited to the 3 months after treatment owing to the large dropout rate.
Debriefing Research Games
Authors: van den Hoogen Jop , Lo Julia , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: June 2016

Background. Debriefing is an intrinsic part of games for learning and proper debriefing can also be beneficial to research games. However, the literature on how to debrief research games is sparse and only provides the professional with an abstract topic guide. Aim. The purpose of this study was to design a framework for the debriefing of research games that are used in ongoing innovation processes. Method. We used the literature on debriefing and experimental research and our experience as game designers to build a framework that tackles the context, substance and method of debriefing research games. Results. Our framework provides three contributions. First, it shows how the context in which a research game is applied sometimes impacts the functionality of the game in negative ways. This can be helped by designing both the game and the debriefing together. Second, we operationalize validity to a greater extent, as this is the core of a good research game. Third, we provide a methodology for debriefing professionals that opens up the black box of the gaming simulation session. Conclusion. The debriefing framework provides a method to collectively assess the validity, reliability and robustness of the causal claims associated with the research conducted.
Mobile health solutions for the aging population: A systematic narrative analysis
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Mileski Michael , Moreno Joshua 
Published: June 2016

Introduction The ubiquitous nature of mobile technology coupled with the acceptance of mobile health (mHealth) among the elderly offers an opportunity to augment the existing medical workforce in long-term care. The objective of this review and narrative analysis is to identify and analyse facilitators and barriers to adoption of mHealth for the elderly. Methods Studies over the last year were identified in multiple database indices, and three reviewers examined abstracts ( k = 0.82) and analysed articles for themes which were tallied in affinity diagrams to identify frequency of occurrence in the literature (n = 36). Results The three facilitators mentioned most often were independence (18%), understanding (13%), and visibility (13%). The three barriers mentioned most often were complexity (21%), limited by users (12%) and ineffective (12%). Discussion and conclusions The reviewers concluded that the work done so far illustrates that mHealth enables a perception of independence. Future research should focus on the barriers of complexity of technology and improving existing medical literacy in order to facilitate further adoption.
Accuracy of 2 Different Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Schierenbeck Fanny , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Liska Jan 
Published: June 2016

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is today provided by various techniques. This study aims to compare two different CGM-systems: the FreeStyle Libre subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system (SC-CGM) and the Eirus intravascular microdialysis continuous glucose monitoring system (MD-CGM) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: A total of 26 patients were equipped with both the SC-CGM and the MD-CGM systems. The SC-CGM system was placed subcutaneously in the left upper-arm and the MD-CGM system was placed in the superior vena cava. Reference blood glucose values were obtained by analyzing arterial blood in a blood gas analyzer. Reference glucose values were then paired with glucose values from both CGM-systems and analyzed for accuracy. Results: In all, 514 paired MD-CGM/arterial blood gas glucose values and 578 paired SC-CGM/arterial blood gas glucose values were obtained. Mean difference (SD) for the MD-CGM system was 0.9 (15.1) mg/dl and for the SC-CGM system −43.4 (20) mg/dl. ISO criteria (ISO15197:2013) were not met by either CGM system. In the Clarke error grid, all paired samples were within the zones AB for the MD-CGM system, and 94% in zone A. For the SC-CGM system, 99.1% of the paired samples were within zones AB, and 18.9% in zone A. Both the MD-CGM and the SC-CGM systems were reliable and used without complications. Conclusions: These results indicate that the Eirus intravascular microdialysis system monitors glucose continuously with superior accuracy compared to the FreeStyle Libre subcutaneous glucose monitoring system, which repeatedly measured a glucose value that was lower than the reference method.
Efficacy of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tribulus terrestris on the Serum Glucose and Lipid Profile of Women With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Samani Nasrin Babadaei , Jokar Azam , Soveid Mahmood , Heydari Mojtaba , Mosavat Seyed Hamdollah 
Published: June 2016

Aim. Considering traditional use of Tribulus terrestris in diabetes and proven antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of T terrestris in animal studies, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of T terrestris on the serum glucose and lipid profile of women with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Methods. Ninety-eight women with diabetes mellitus type 2 were randomly allocated to receive the T terrestris (1000 mg/d) or placebo for 3 months. The patients were evaluated in terms of the fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. Results. Tribulus terrestris showed a significant blood glucose–lowering effect in diabetic women compared to placebo ( P < .05). Also, the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein of T terrestris group was significantly reduced compared with placebo, while no significant effect was observed in the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein levels. Conclusions. The study showed preliminary promising hypoglycemic effect of T terrestris in women with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Dysfunctional breathing and reaching one’s physiological limit as causes of exercise-induced dyspnoea
Authors: Depiazzi Julie , Everard Mark L. 
Published: June 2016

Key pointsExcessive exercise-induced shortness of breath is a common complaint. For some, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is the primary cause and for a small minority there may be an alternative organic pathology. However for many, the cause will be simply reaching their physiological limit or be due to a functional form of dysfunctional breathing, neither of which require drug therapy.The physiological limit category includes deconditioned individuals, such as those who have been through intensive care and require rehabilitation, as well as the unfit and the fit competitive athlete who has reached their limit with both of these latter groups requiring explanation and advice.Dysfunctional breathing is an umbrella term for an alteration in the normal biomechanical patterns of breathing that result in intermittent or chronic symptoms, which may be respiratory and/or nonrespiratory. This alteration may be due to structural causes or, much more commonly, be functional as exemplified by thoracic pattern disordered breathing (PDB) and extrathoracic paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (pVFMD).Careful history and examination together with spirometry may identify those likely to have PDB and/or pVFMD. Where there is doubt about aetiology, cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be required to identify the deconditioned, unfit or fit individual reaching their physiological limit and PDB, while continuous laryngoscopy during exercise is increasingly becoming the benchmark for assessing extrathoracic causes.Accurate assessment and diagnosis can prevent excessive use of drug therapy and result in effective management of the cause of the individual’s complaint through cost-effective approaches such as reassurance, advice, breathing retraining and vocal exercises.This review provides an overview of the spectrum of conditions that can present as exercise-­induced breathlessness experienced by young subjects participating in sport and aims to promote understanding of the need for accurate assessment of an individual’s symptoms. We will highlight the high incidence of nonasthmatic causes, which simply require reassurance or simple interventions from respiratory physiotherapists or speech pathologists.
Prescribing for children with atopic eczema in primary care
Authors: Penzer Rebecca 
Published: June 2016

Atopic eczema affects around 1 in 5 children at some point in childhood, so it is important that primary-care clinicians can assess and manage this condition. Rebecca Penzer describes the available topical products and explains how you can develop a patient-centred plan Atopic eczema is a common childhood condition. this article gives guidance on patient assessment; developing a patient-centred plan of care; the topical products most effective for managing the condition; how optimal adherence to the treatment may be achieved; and when referral to services in secondary care is appropriate.
The influence of laser re-melting on microstructure and hardness of gas-nitrided steel
Authors: Panfil Dominika , Wach Piotr , Kulka Michał , Michalski Jerzy 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, modification of nitrided layer by laser re-melting was presented. The nitriding process has many advantageous properties. Controlled gas nitriding was carried out on 42CrMo4 steel. As a consequence of this process, ε+γ’ compound zone and diffusion zone were produced at the surface. Next, the nitrided layer was laser remelted using TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser. Laser tracks were arranged as single tracks with the use of various laser beam powers (P), ranging from 0.39 to 1.04 kW. The effects of laser beam power on the microstructure, dimensions of laser tracks and hardness profiles were analyzed. Laser treatment caused the decomposition of continuous compound zone at the surface and an increase in hardness of previously nitrided layer because of the appearance of martensite in re-melted and heat-affected zones
Optimal resource allocation in industrial complexes by distributed optimization and dynamic pricing
Authors: Wenzel Simon , Paulen Radoslav , Stojanovski Goran , Krämer Stefan , Beisheim Benedikt , Engell Sebastian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We address the distributed hierarchical optimization of industrial production complexes where the individual plants
exchange resources via networks. Due to the site-wide couplings a centralized or a distributed hierarchical optimization
is needed to achieve the best overall performance of the site and to balance the networks of the shared resources. We
discuss market-like algorithms that set prices of the shared resources in order to influence the individual optimizers so
that the overall operation converges to the site-wide optimum. A novel algorithm for price adjustment based on the
quadratic approximation of the responses of the individual optimizers is presented. It shows convergence to the site-wide
optimum with significantly less iterations in comparison to the standard subgradient-based method for a set of case
studies, including a petrochemical complex.
On interval-data based Type-1 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems for uncertain nonlinear dynamic system identification
Authors: Zaidi Salman , Kroll Andreas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A novel interval-data based Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system is proposed to identify uncertain nonlinear dynamic systems by
endowing the classical TS fuzzy system with probability theory and symbolic data analysis. Such systems have variability
in their outputs, that is they produce varying responses each time when the same stimuli is applied to them under the same
condition. Interval data is generated by repeating the identification experiment multiple times and applying the
probabilistic techniques to get soft bounds of output. The interval data is then directly used in the TS fuzzy modelling,
giving rise to interval antecedent and consequent parameters. This method does not require any specific assumption on the
probability distribution of the random variable that models the uncertainty. The developed procedure is demonstrated for
a pneumatic drive system.