bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of allowable time and histopathological changes in warm ischemia of the uterus in cynomolgus monkey as a model for uterus transplantation
Authors: Adachi Masataka , Kisu Iori , Nagai Toshihiro , Emoto Katsura , Banno Kouji , Umene Kiyoko , Nogami Yuya , Tsuchiya Hideaki , Itagaki Iori , Kawamoto Ikuo , Nakagawa Takahiro , Ogasawara Kazumasa , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to examine the allowable warm ischemic time and pathological changes due to ischemia and reperfusion injury in the uterus of the cynomolgus monkey as a model for uterus transplantation.Material and methodsSix female cynomolgus monkeys were used in the study. The uterus was resected from the vaginal canal and connected through the bilateral ovarian and uterine arteries and veins only. One animal was used as a control. In the other five animals, the bilateral uterine and ovarian vessels were clamped for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively. Biopsy of the smooth muscle tissue of corpus uteri was performed after each ischemic time and after subsequent reperfusion for 3 h. Biopsy samples were observed by light and electron microscopy. Menstruation recovery was monitored.ResultsThere were no particular findings in both light and electron microscopy after ischemia for up to 2 h and after subsequent reperfusion. There were no marked changes after ischemia for 4 h, but dilated nuclear pores and rough endoplasmic reticulum swelling were found after reperfusion. These changes also occurred, along with mitochondrial swelling and cristae loss after ischemia for 8 h, and plasma membrane loss, nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation were found after reperfusion. Periodical menstruation restarted in all animals with ischemia up to 4 h, but the animal with ischemia for 8 h had amenorrhea and uterine atrophy.ConclusionsThe uterus of the cynomolgus monkey tolerates warm ischemia for up to 4 h.
Supranutritional dietary selenium depressed expression of selenoprotein genes in three immune organs of broilers
Authors: Tang Jiayong , Huang Xiaofeng , Wang Longqiong , Li Qiang , Xu Jinyang , Jia Gang , Liu Guangmang , Chen Xiaoling , Shang Haiying , Zhao Hua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supranutritional dietary selenium (Se) on selenoproteins expression in three immune organs of chickens. A total of 160 1‐day‐old male Cobb broilers were randomly divided into two groups and fed a Se‐deficient corn‐soybean basal diet supplemented with 0.3 (adequate) and 3.0 (excess) mg/kg Se for 42 days. Immune organs were collected, and effects of supranutritional Se on messenger RNA abundance of 23 selenoprotein genes and eight inflammation‐related genes were compared at day 42. Also enzyme activities were measured at days 14, 28 and 42. The results showed supranutritional dietary Se depressed growth performance of chicken and down‐regulated nine and three selenoprotein genes in thymus and spleen, respectively, and only Sepp1 was up‐regulated in the bursa of Fabricius. Also three, three and seven inflammation‐related genes were up‐regulated in three organs, respectively. Supranutritional Se elevated (P < 0.05) activities of superoxidase dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase, mainly in early stages. In summary, supranutritional Se resulted in down‐regulation of selenoprotein genes and up‐regulation of inflammation‐related genes in three immune organs of chicken, which indicated potential roles of those selenoprotein genes in immune organs of the chicken.
Inflammation induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide depends on particle size in healthy volunteers
Authors: Doyen Virginie , Pilcer Gabrielle , Dinh Phong Huy Duc , Corazza Francis , Bernard Alfred , Bergmann Pierre , Lefevre Nicolas , Amighi Karim , Michel Olivier 
Published: June 2016

AimsIn drug development, the anti‐inflammatory properties of new molecules in the lung are currently tested using the inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. The total and regional lung bioavailability of inhaled particles depends significantly on their size. The objective of the present study was to compare inflammatory responses in healthy volunteers after the inhalation of LPS of varying droplet size.MethodsThree nebulizers were characterized by different droplet size distributions [mean mass median aerodynamic diameters: Microcirrus (2.0 μm), MB2 (3.2 μm) and Pari (7.9 μm)]. Participants inhaled three boluses of a 20 μg (technetium 99 m‐labelled) solution of LPS, randomly delivered by each nebulizer. We measured the lung deposition of the nebulized LPS by gamma‐scintigraphy, while blood and sputum biomarkers were evaluated before and after challenges.ResultsMB2 and Pari achieved greater lung deposition than Microcirrus [171.5 (±72.9) and 217.6 (±97.8) counts pixel–1, respectively, vs. 67.9 (±20.6) counts pixel–1; P < 0.01]. MB2 and Pari caused higher levels of blood C‐reactive protein and more total cells and neutrophils in sputum compared with Microcirrus (P < 0.05). C‐reactive protein levels correlated positively with lung deposition (P < 0.01).ConclusionsInhalation of large droplets of LPS gave rise to greater lung deposition and induced a more pronounced systemic and bronchial inflammatory response than small droplets. The systemic inflammatory response correlated with lung deposition. NCT01081392.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, impaired glucose metabolism, and bipolar disorder course
Authors: Mansur Rodrigo B , Santos Camila M , Rizzo Lucas B , Asevedo Elson , Cunha Graccielle R , Noto Mariane N , Pedrini Mariana , Zeni‐Graiff Maiara , Cordeiro Quirino , Vinberg Maj , Kapczinski Flavio , McIntyre Roger S , Brietzke Elisa 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed as a potential biomarker in bipolar disorder (BD). However, current evidence is limited and results have been highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to assess the moderating effect of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) on plasma levels of BDNF in individuals with BD, and on the relationship between BDNF and variables of illness course.MethodsWe measured and compared the plasma levels of BDNF in individuals with BD (n=57) and healthy controls (n=26). IGM was operationalized as pre‐diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Information related to current and past psychiatric/medical history, as well as prescription of pharmacological treatments was also captured.ResultsIndividuals with BD had lower levels of BDNF, relative to healthy controls, after adjustment for age, gender, current medications, smoking, alcohol use, and IGM (P=.046). There was no effect of IGM (P=.860) and no interaction between BD diagnosis and IGM (P=.893). Peripheral BDNF levels were positively correlated with lifetime depressive episodes (P<.001), psychiatric hospitalizations (P=.001) and suicide attempts (P=.021). IGM moderated the association between BDNF and the number of previous mood episodes (P<.001), wherein there was a positive correlation in euglycemic participants and a negative correlation in individuals with IGM.ConclusionsBD is independently associated with lower levels of BDNF; IGM may modify the relationship between BDNF and BD course, suggesting an interactive effect of BDNF with metabolic status on illness progression.
The contemporary landscape of occupational bladder cancer within the United Kingdom: a meta‐analysis of risks over the last 80 years
Authors: Cumberbatch Marcus G. , Windsor‐Shellard Ben , Catto James W. F. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo profile the contemporary risks of occupational bladder in the UK, as this is a common malignancy that arises through occupational carcinogen exposure.Materials and methodsA systematic review using PubMed, Medline, Embase and Web of Science was performed in March 2016. We selected reports of British workers in which bladder cancer or occupation were the main focus, with sufficient cases or with confidence intervals (CIs). We used the most recent data in populations with multiple reports. We combined odds ratios and risk ratios (RRs) to provide pooled RRs of incidence and disease‐specific mortality (DSM). We tested for heterogeneity and publication bias. We extracted bladder cancer mortality from Office of National Statistics death certificates. We compered across regions and with our meta‐analysis.ResultsWe identified 25 articles reporting risks in 702 941 persons. Meta‐analysis revealed significantly increased incidence for 12/37 and DSM for five of 37 occupational classes. Three classes had reduced bladder cancer risks. The greatest risk of bladder cancer incidence occurred in chemical process (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.50–2.34), rubber (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.4–2.38), and dye workers (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.07–3.04). The greatest risk of DSM occurred in electrical (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19–1.87) and chemical process workers (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.68). Bladder cancer mortality was higher in the North of England, probably reflecting smoking patterns and certain industries. Limitations include the lack of sufficient robust data, missing occupational tasks, and no adjustment for smoking.ConclusionOccupational bladder cancer occurs in many workplaces and the risks for incidence and DSM may differ. Regional differences may reflect changes in industry and smoking patterns. Relatively little is known about bladder cancer within British industry, suggesting official data underestimate the disease.
The receptor for advanced glycation end products is required for β‐catenin stabilization in a chemical‐induced asthma model
Authors: Yao Lihong , Zhao Haijin , Tang Haixiong , Liang Junjie , Liu Laiyu , Dong Hangming , Zou Fei , Cai Shaoxi 
Published: June 2016

Background and PurposeCytoplasmic retention of β‐catenin will lead to its nuclear translocation and subsequent interaction with the transcription factor TCF/LEF that regulates target gene expression. We have previously demonstrated aberrant expression of β‐catenin in a model of asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The aim of this study was to examine whether the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can regulate β‐catenin expression in TDI‐induced asthma.Experimental ApproachMale BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a chemically‐induced asthma model. Inhibitors of RAGE, FPS‐ZM1 and the RAGE antagonist peptide (RAP), were injected i.p. after each challenge. Airway resistance was measured in vivo and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analysed. Lungs were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were also used.Key ResultsExpression of RAGE and of its ligands HMGB1, S100A12, S100B, HSP70 was increased in TDI‐exposed lungs. These increases were inhibited by FPS‐ZM1 or RAP. Either antagonist blunted airway reactivity, airway inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia, and decreased release of Th2 cytokines. TDI exposure decreased level of membrane β‐catenin, phosphorylated Akt (Ser473), inactivated GSK3β (Ser9), dephosphorylated β‐catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41, which controls its cytoplasmic degradation, increased phosphorylated β‐catenin at Ser552, raised cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of β‐catenin and up‐regulated its targeted gene expression (MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, VEGF, cyclin D1, fibronectin), all of which were reversed by RAGE inhibition.Conclusion and ImplicationsRAGE was required for stabilization of β‐catenin in TDI‐induced asthma, identifying protective effects of RAGE blockade in this model.
γ‐Tocotrienol reversal of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells is associated with inhibition of canonical Wnt signalling
Authors: Ahmed R. A. , Alawin O. A. , Sylvester P. W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesFrizzled‐7 (FZD7) receptor‐dependent activation of the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway plays a crucial role in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and breast cancer metastasis. FZD7 and its co‐receptor, low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (LRP6), are highly expressed in MDA‐MB‐231 and T‐47D breast cancer cells, and endogenous ligands for FZD7 include Wnt3a and Wnt5a/b. γ‐Tocotrienol, a natural isoform of vitamin E, inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and EMT. Here, studies have been conducted to investigate the role of the canonical Wnt pathway in mediating inhibitory effects of γ‐tocotrienol on EMT in human breast cancer cells.Materials and methodsMDA‐MB‐231, T‐47D and MCF‐10A cells were maintained in serum‐free defined media containing selected doses of γ‐tocotrienol. Cell viability was determined using the MTT colorimetric assay, Western blot analysis was used to measure protein expression and the wound‐healing assay was employed to study cell mobility and migration. Immunohistochemical fluorescence staining visualized expression and localization of EMT cell markers.Resultsγ‐Tocotrienol was found to induce dose‐responsive inhibition of MDA‐MB‐231 and T‐47D cell growth at doses that had no effect on immortalized normal MCF‐10A mammary epithelial cells. These growth inhibitory effects were associated with suppression in canonical Wnt signalling, reversal of EMT and significant reduction in breast cancer cell motility.Conclusionsγ‐Tocotrienol suppression of metastatic breast cancer cell proliferation and EMT was associated with suppression of the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Outcomes of bisphosphonate therapy in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Toth‐Manikowski Stephanie M. , Francis Jean M. , Gautam Amitabh , Gordon Craig E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMineral and bone disorders that precede kidney transplantation are exacerbated in the post‐transplant setting by tertiary hyperparathyroidism and immunosuppressive regimens. Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases following transplantation, leading to increased fracture risk. The effect of bisphosphonates on fracture is unknown. The aim of this study was to update estimates of change in BMD and fracture rates in bisphosphonate‐treated kidney transplant recipients through meta‐analysis. Studies comparing bisphosphonate therapy to standard of care were included if follow‐up duration was more than 6 months. We performed random‐effects meta‐analysis to determine the effect of bisphosphonates on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and fracture rates. Bisphosphonates improved femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD compared with controls (0.055 g/cm2, 95% CI 0.012–0.099 and 0.053 g/cm2, 95% CI 0.032–0.074, respectively) without adversely affecting serum creatinine or calcium. This corresponded to an unweighted improvement in BMD of 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively. There was no difference in fracture incidence in the two groups. Bisphosphonate therapy in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a statistically significant improvement in BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. There was no difference in fracture incidence. Bisphosphonates did not adversely affect allograft dysfunction or serum calcium levels.
Incidence and impact of anti‐HLA‐DP antibodies in renal transplantation
Authors: Hörmann Mareike , Dieplinger Georg , Rebellato Lorita M. , Briley Kimberly P. , Bolin Paul , Morgan Claire , Haisch Carl E. , Everly Matthew J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe role of anti‐HLA‐DP antibodies in renal transplantation is poorly defined. This study describes the impact of donor (donor‐specific antibody [DSA]) and non‐donor‐specific antibodies against HLA‐DP antigens in renal transplant patients.MethodsOf 195 consecutive patients transplanted between September 2009 and December 2011, 166 primary kidney recipients and their donors were typed (high‐resolution) for DP antigens. Sera taken pre‐transplant and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and annually post‐transplant were retrospectively tested for anti‐DP antibodies using single‐antigen beads.ResultsIn 81 (49%) patients, anti‐DP antibodies were found; 64% (n=52) of patients were positive in the pre‐transplant samples and 36% (n=29) were positive exclusively post‐transplant. The median time from transplantation to antibody was 20.9 months. Fifty‐five percent (n=16) of the de novo anti‐DP antibodies were accompanied by another de novo DSA. Anti‐DP antibody‐positive patients had a higher rate of rejection (compared with anti‐DP antibody‐negative patients, P=.01). The estimated glomerular filtration rate declined more with anti‐DP antibodies (−5.5% vs +26%).ConclusionsAntibodies against HLA‐DP antigens are common. De novo anti‐DP antibodies commonly appear after acute rejection and accompany DSA, which makes it difficult to determine whether anti‐DP antibodies are the cause or the consequence of graft injury.
Feasibility of exercise stress echocardiography for cardiac risk assessment in chronic kidney disease patients prior to renal transplantation
Authors: Nerlekar Nitesh , Mulley William , Rehmani Hassan , Ramkumar Satish , Cheng Kevin , Vasanthakumar Sheran A. , Rashid Hashrul , Barton Timothy , Nasis Arthur , Meredith Ian T. , Moir Stuart , Mottram Philip M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundPharmacologic stress testing is utilized in preference to exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) for cardiac risk evaluation in potential renal transplant recipients due to the perceived lower feasibility of ESE for achieving adequate workload and target heart rate (THR) in this population.MethodsConsecutive patients referred for cardiac risk evaluation prior to potential kidney transplantation were evaluated. All patients attempted ESE before pharmacologic testing was considered. Treadmill ESE utilized BRUCE protocol to maximum capacity. THR was defined as >85% of the maximum predicted heart rate (220‐age). Functional capacity was assessed by metabolic equivalents (METs) and the rate pressure product (RPP).ResultsOf 535 patients (349 male, age 56±11), 372(70%) reached THR. Mean METs were 10±3 with 531(99%) achieving ≥4 METs and 87% ≥7 METs. Mean RPP was 25 821±5820 bpm×mm Hg (83% achieving >20 000 bpm×mm Hg). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of failure to reach THR were rate‐control medication and diabetes; failure to reach 7 METs: females, diabetics, age≥65, and previous cardiac disease; failure to reach RPP>20 000: rate‐control medication. There were 97% of ESE completed to physiologic endpoints.ConclusionIn unselected potential renal transplant candidates, cardiac assessment by ESE is well tolerated, with 9‐in‐10 exercising to satisfactory functional capacity. ESE should be considered a feasible alternative to pharmacologic testing in this population.
Development of a curriculum in molecular diagnostics, genomics and personalized medicine for dermatology trainees
Authors: Murphy Michael J. , Shahriari Neda , Payette Michael , Mnayer Laila , Elaba Zendee 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundResults of molecular studies are redefining the diagnosis and management of a wide range of skin disorders. Dermatology training programs maintain a relative gap in relevant teaching.ObjectiveTo develop a curriculum in molecular diagnostics, genomics and personalized medicine for dermatology trainees at our institution. The aim is to provide trainees with a specialty‐appropriate, working knowledge in clinical molecular dermatology.MethodsThe Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine collaborated on the design and implementation of educational objectives and teaching modalities for the new curriculum.ResultsA multidisciplinary curriculum was developed. It comprises: (i) assigned reading from the medical literature and reference textbook; (ii) review of teaching sets; (iii) two 1 hour lectures; (iv) trainee presentations; (v) 1‐week rotation in a clinical molecular pathology and cytogenetics laboratory; and (vi) assessments and feedback. Residents who participated in the curriculum to date have found the experience to be of value.ConclusionsOur curriculum provides a framework for other dermatology residency programs to develop their own specific approach to molecular diagnostics education. Such training will provide a foundation for lifelong learning as molecular testing evolves and becomes integral to the practice of dermatology.
Improved transcatheter aortic valve implantation for aortic regurgitation using a snare loop‐assisted device: the first preclinical experience
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhang Ben , Zhu Yufeng , Tan Hongwen , Zhao Xianxian , Qin Yongwen , Ge Junbo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective percutaneous treatment for high‐risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. However, TAVI is rendered less effective in patients with noncalcified aortic valve disease because noncalcified aortic valves lack an anchor site for the implanted stent, causing the stent to relocate to an unexpected position. In this study, we developed an improved TAVI with a snare loop‐assisted device, and evaluated the feasibility and safety of this strategy in noncalcified aortic valve disease.Materials and methodsThe balloon‐expandable valve stent made of cobalt–chromium alloy was cut into a cylindrically shaped mesh configuration. The prosthetic valve was made of bovine pericardium. Ten healthy sheep (six males and four females with an average weight of 27·8 ± 1·18 kg) were selected to undergo transcatheter implantation of valved stents using the snare loop‐assisted device. Aortic angiography and colour Doppler echocardiography were applied to assess the function of artificial valves immediately and 3 months after the operation.ResultsThe snare loop‐assisted TAVI was successfully implanted in all 10 sheep. The aortogram showed that the valve stent was fixed in the expected position. Among these 10 sheep, nine sheep survived for more than 3 months normally and one sheep died of infective endocarditis 1 week after the operation. Ultrasound and aortogram in the 3 months after operation showed proper positions of the prosthetic valves without stenosis and other apparent complications, and normal coronary artery openings.ConclusionsThe snare loop‐assisted TAVI approach can reduce stent shifting during valve stent implantation and improve the success rate of the TAVI in those with noncalcified aortic valves.
Structural host responses of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita to artificial infection with the root rot pathogen, Ganoderma philippii
Authors: Gill W. , Eyles A. , Glen M. , Mohammed C. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryStructural host responses of young Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita to infection with the root rot pathogen Ganoderma philippii were described. To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the histology of root responses infected with G. philippii. The infected roots of A. mangium were characterized by the presence of a continuous multilayered mycelial sheath (~100–200 μm thick), fungal outgrowths and the production of a wound periderm. In contrast, roots of E. pellita were characterized by a mycelial sheath and fungal outgrowths and a wound periderm comprising of only one to four rows of cells.