bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality in disability-free life expectancies among older men and women in six countries with developing economies
Authors: Santosa Ailiana , Schröders Julia , Vaezghasemi Masoud , Ng Nawi 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundIt is unclear whether the increase in life expectancy (LE) globally is coupled with a postponement of morbidity and disability. Evidence on trends and determinants of disability-free life expectancies (DFLEs) are available in high-income countries but less in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines the levels of and inequalities in LE, disability and DFLE between men and women across different age groups aged 50 years and over in six countries with developing economies.MethodsThis study utilised the cross-sectional data (n=32 724) from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation and South Africa in 2007–2010. Disability was measured with the activity of daily living (ADL) instrument. The DFLE was estimated using the Sullivan method based on the standard period life table and ADL-disability proportions.ResultsThe disability prevalence ranged from 13% in China to 54% in India. The prevalence of disability was highest and occurred at younger age in both sexes in India. Women were more disadvantaged with higher prevalence of disability across all age groups, and the situation was worst among older women in Mexico and the Russian Federation. Though women had higher LE, their proportion of remaining LE free from disability was lower than men.ConclusionsThere are inequalities in the levels of disability and DFLE among men and women in different age groups among people aged over 50 years in these six countries. Countermeasures to decrease intercountry and gender gaps in DFLE, including improvements in health promotion and healthcare distribution, with a gender equity focus, are needed.
Immunotherapy with a HER2-Targeting Listeria Induces HER2-Specific Immunity and Demonstrates Potential Therapeutic Effects in a Phase I Trial in Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Mason Nicola J. , Gnanandarajah Josephine S. , Engiles Julie B. , Gray Falon , Laughlin Danielle , Gaurnier-Hausser Anita , Wallecha Anu , Huebner Margie , Paterson Yvonne 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Recombinant Listeria vaccines induce tumor-specific T-cell responses that eliminate established tumors and prevent metastatic disease in murine cancer models. We used dogs with HER2/neu+ appendicular osteosarcoma, a well-recognized spontaneous model for pediatric osteosarcoma, to determine whether a highly attenuated, recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing a chimeric human HER2/neu fusion protein (ADXS31-164) could safely induce HER2/neu-specific immunity and prevent metastatic disease.
Experimental Design: Eighteen dogs that underwent limb amputation or salvage surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in a phase I dose escalation clinical trial and received either 2 × 108, 5 × 108, 1 × 109, or 3.3 × 109 CFU of ADXS31-164 intravenously every 3 weeks for 3 administrations.
Results: Only low-grade, transient toxicities were observed. ADXS31-164 broke peripheral tolerance and induced antigen-specific IFNγ responses against the intracellular domain of HER2/neu in 15 of 18 dogs within 6 months of treatment. Furthermore, ADXS31-164 reduced the incidence of metastatic disease and significantly increased duration of survival time and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates when compared with a historical control group with HER2/neu+ appendicular osteosarcoma treated with amputation and chemotherapy alone.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that ADXS31-164 administered in the setting of minimal residual disease can induce HER2/neu-specific immunity and may reduce the incidence of metastatic disease and prolong overall survival in a clinically relevant, spontaneous, large animal model of cancer. These findings, therefore, have important translational relevance for children with osteosarcoma and adults with other HER2/neu+ cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4380–90. ©2016 AACR.
Relationship Between the Duration of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Favorable Neurological Outcomes After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective, Nationwide, Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Goto Yoshikazu , Funada Akira , Goto Yumiko 
Published: March 2016

Background

The determination of appropriate duration of in‐the‐field cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
) patients is one of the biggest challenges for emergency medical service providers and clinicians. The appropriate
CPR
duration before termination of resuscitation remains unclear and may differ based on initial rhythm. We aimed to determine the relationship between
CPR
duration and post‐
OHCA
outcomes.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the records of 17 238
OHCA
patients (age ≥18 years) who achieved prehospital return of spontaneous circulation. Data were prospectively recorded in a nationwide, Japanese database between 2011 and 2012. The time from
CPR
initiation to prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (
CPR
duration) was calculated. The primary end point was 1‐month survival with favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category [
CPC
] scale;
CPC
1–2). The 1‐month
CPC
1–2 rate was 21.8% (n=3771).
CPR
duration was inversely associated with 1‐month
CPC
1–2 (adjusted unit odds ratio: 0.95, 95%
CI
: 0.94–0.95). Among all patients, a cumulative proportion of >99% of 1‐month
CPC
1–2 was achieved with a
CPR
duration of 35 minutes. When sorted by the initial rhythm, the
CPR
duration producing more than 99% of survivors with
CPC
1–2 was 35 minutes for shockable rhythms and pulseless electrical activity, and 42 minutes for asystole.

Conclusions

CPR
duration was independently and inversely associated with favorable 1‐month neurological outcomes. The critical prehospital
CPR
duration for
OHCA
was 35 minutes in patients with initial shockable rhythms and pulseless electrical activity, and 42 minutes in those with initial asystole.
Development and Evaluation of Ergonomic Interventions for Bucket Handling on Farms
Authors: Fathallah Fadi A. , Tang Steven C. H. , Waters Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate two interventions, Ergo Bucket Carrier (EBC) and Easy Lift (EL), for youths (and adults) to handle water/feed buckets on farms. Background: The physical activities of both adult and youth farm workers contribute to the development of low-back disorders (LBDs). Many of the activities youths perform on farms are associated with increased LBD risk, particularly, the handling of water and feed buckets. Method: Seventeen adult and youth participants (10 males and seven females) participated in this study. To assess the risk of LBDs, the participants were instrumented with a three-dimensional spinal electrogonio-meter while lifting, carrying, and dumping water buckets using the traditional method and the two interventions. Results: For both the adult and youth groups, the results showed that the two interventions significantly decrease the magnitudes of LBD risk in many of the tasks evaluated. Overall, the use of the EBC resulted in a 41% reduction in the level of LBD risk for the carrying task and a reduction of 69% for the dumping task. Using the EL, on the other hand, is especially effective for lifting tasks (55% reduction in LBD risk). Results of the subjective response were consistent with the objective evaluations. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the potential for ergonomic interventions in reducing LBD risk during the common farming task of bucket handling. Application: Potential application of this study includes the introduction of the EBC and EL in family farms to reduce the LBD risk among youth and adult farmers.
In vitro elimination of gaseous microemboli utilizing hypobaric oxygenation in the Terumo® FX15 oxygenator
Authors: Clingan Sean , Schuldes Matthew , Francis Stephen , Hoerr Harry , Riley Jeff 
Published: March 2016

Background: This study examines the efficacy of hypobaric oxygenation as it relates to the elimination of gaseous microemboli (GME) at designated flow, pressure and temperature combinations. Methods: Hypobaric oxygenation was employed for experimental trials (n=60), but not for control trials (n=60), while circuit design, data measurements and testing conditions were maintained for both settings. Hypobaric oxygenation conditions were created by applying 100% oxygen at sub-atmospheric sweep gas pressures of 0.67 atmospheres to the gas phase of an integrated hollow-fiber microporous membrane oxygenator. GME were quantified using an Emboli Detection and Classification system (EDAC), while a continuous air infusion, at a rate of 100 ml/min, was applied to the circuit. Trials were conducted at 37°C, 28°C, and 18°C and at two flow and line pressure combinations of: 3.5 L/min & 150 mmHg and 5 L/min & 200 mmHg. Results: Sub-atmospheric sweep gas pressures allowed adequate oxygenation independent of carbon dioxide removal while significantly reducing the potential entrance of nitrogen into the blood. GME was reduced significantly across all temperatures and flows when compared to control trials; GME counts were reduced by 99.7% post-oxygenator and 99.99% at the arterial cannula. Conclusion: Correlation between the use of hypobaric oxygenation and GME counts suggests hypobaric oxygenation could play a significant role in the reduction of GME.
Invasive placental disorders: a prospective US and MRI comparative analysis
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Verma Ashish , Ojha Ritu , Shukla Ram C , Jain Madhu , Srivastava Arvind 
Published: March 2016

Background Invasive placental disorders are potentially life-threatening. Its diagnosis and evaluation of degree of invasiveness is vital in surgical and treatment planning. Purpose To compare the role of various imaging modalities used in current practice for evaluation of invasive placental disorders, and evaluate the validity of certain imaging signs for prediction of invasive placenta. Material and Methods Twenty-two patients, which were clinically stratified as a risk group for underlying invasive placental abnormality, underwent Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Abnormal placental invasiveness was assessed using various Doppler sonography and MRI signs described in the existing literature. We systematically evaluated the utility of each of these modalities and signs, and compared the roles played by them separately and in combination. All the cases were correlated with surgical and pathological findings. Results Nine patients had surgical and pathological confirmation of placental adhesive disorders, of which eight were predicted correctly by MRI (true positive) while one was misdiagnosed as normal placenta (false negative). All the nine cases were correctly identified by Doppler sonography. MRI was more accurate in predicting bladder invasion, identifying 5/6 cases. Conclusion Both MRI and Doppler sonography are useful for detection of invasive placental disorders. However, MRI is a better predictor of bladder invasion.
Part II: Biochemical changes after pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 infusion in migraine patients
Authors: Guo Song , Vollesen Anne Luise Haulund , Hansen Young Bae Lee , Frandsen Erik , Andersen Malene Rohr , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Fahrenkrug Jan , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud 
Published: March 2016

Background Intravenous infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) provokes migraine attacks in 65–70% of migraine without aura (MO) patients. We investigated whether PACAP38 infusion causes changes in the endogenous production of PACAP38, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase and pituitary hormones in migraine patients. Methods We allocated 32 previously genotyped MO patients to receive intravenous infusion PACAP38 (10 pmol/kg/minute) for 20 minutes and recorded migraine-like attacks. Sixteen of the patients were carriers of the risk allele rs2274316 ( MEF2D), which confers increased risk of MO and may regulate PACAP38 expression, and 16 were non-carriers. We collected blood samples at baseline and 20, 30, 40, 60 and 90 minutes after the start of the infusion. A control group of six healthy volunteers received intravenous saline. Results PACAP38 infusion caused significant changes in plasma concentrations of VIP ( p = 0.026), prolactin ( p = 0.011), S100B ( p < 0.001) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; p = 0.015), but not CGRP ( p = 0.642) and TNFα ( p = 0.535). We found no difference in measured biochemical variables after PACAP38 infusion in patients who later developed migraine-like attacks compared to those who did not ( p > 0.05). There was no difference in the changes of biochemical variables between patients with and without the MEF2D-associated gene variant ( p > 0.05). Conclusion PACAP38 infusion elevated the plasma levels of VIP, prolactin, S100B and TSH, but not CGRP and TNFα. Development of delayed migraine-like attacks or the presence of the MEF2D gene variant was not associated with pre-ictal changes in plasma levels of neuropeptides, TNFα and pituitary hormones.
Impact of obesity and binge eating disorder on patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Raggi Alberto , Curone Marcella , Bianchi Marzoli Stefania , Chiapparini Luisa , Ciasca Paola , Ciceri Elisa FM , Erbetta Alessandra , Faragò Giuseppe , Leonardi Matilde , D’Amico Domenico 
Published: March 2016

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is associated with obesity, and obesity is associated with binge eating disorder (BED). The aim of this paper is to address the presence and impact of BED in patients undergoing an IIH diagnostic protocol. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients suspected of IIH underwent neurological, neuro-ophthalmologic and psychological examinations, neuroimaging studies and intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements through lumbar puncture in the recumbent position. IIH diagnosis was based on International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition criteria; BED diagnosis was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition criteria. The presence of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid was also assessed. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled: 33 were diagnosed with IIH and five of them (15%) were obese with BED. Compared to non-obese patients, those who were obese, and particularly those who were obese with BED, were more likely to have an IIH diagnosis (χ2 = 14.3; p = 0.001), ICP > 200 mmH2O (χ2 = 12.7; p = 0.002) and history of abuse or neglect (χ2 = 11.2; p = 0.004). No association with OCBs was found. Conclusions We reported for the first time the presence of BED among patients with IIH and showed that BED is associated to IIH, ICP and history of abuse or neglect.
Perceived Stigma among Recipients of Mental Health Care in the General Canadian Population
Authors: Patten Scott B. , Williams Jeanne V.A. , Lavorato Dina H. , Bulloch Andrew G.M. , Charbonneau Manon , Gautam Mamta , Moss Pippa , Abbey Susan , Stuart Heather 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The Mental Health Experiences Scale is a measure of perceived stigma, the perception of negative attitudes and behaviours by people with mental disorders. A recent Canadian survey (Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health) included this scale, providing an opportunity to describe perceived stigma in relation to diagnosis for the first time in the Canadian general population. Methods: The survey interview began with an assessment of whether respondents had utilised services for an “emotional or mental health problem” in the preceding 12 months. The subset reporting service utilisation were asked whether others “held negative opinions” about them or “treated them unfairly” for reasons related to their mental health. The analysis reported here used frequencies, means, cross-tabulation, and logistic regression, all incorporating recommended replicate sampling weights and bootstrap variance estimation procedures. Results: Stigma was perceived by 24.4% of respondents accessing mental health services. The frequency was higher among younger respondents (<55 years), those who were not working, those reporting only fair or poor mental health, and the subset who reported having received a diagnosis of a mental disorder. Sex and education level were not associated with perceived stigma. People with schizophrenia reported stigmatization only slightly more frequently than those with mood and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Stigmatization is a common, but not universal, experience among Canadians using services for mental health reasons. Stigmatization was a problem for a sizeable minority of respondents with mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders as well as bipolar and psychotic disorders.
The impact of ethical climate types on nurses’ behaviors in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dinc M Sait , Huric Alma 
Published: March 2016

Background: The performance of nurses has become vital in hospitals. Some studies have suggested that nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate in their hospitals are related to higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and in turn lessen the issue of nursing shortage. Hypothesis: (1) The ethical climate types “caring,” “independent,” “law and code,” and “rules” have a significant positive impact on overall job satisfaction. (2) The ethical climate types and overall job satisfaction have significant positive influences on normative and affective and significant negative influences on continuance commitment. Research design: The study uses path analysis to understand which types of ethical climate impact overall job satisfaction. It also tries to find the effect of different types of ethical climate and overall job satisfaction on the components of organizational commitment. The relationships between variables were evaluated using factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression in this study. Participants and research context: A total of 171 useful questionnaires were collected from nurses working in public and private hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ethical considerations: Formal research approval was obtained from the administration of each study hospital. Questionnaires with a cover letter were mailed to the hospitals that agreed to participate in the study. In the cover letter, the researchers explained the study purpose, encouraged nurses’ voluntary participation, and guaranteed the anonymity of participants. Findings: In the first path analyses, “rules” and “caring” climates significantly and positively affected overall job satisfaction. In the second one, while overall job satisfaction and “rules” climate significantly influenced normative commitment, “caring” climate and overall job satisfaction significantly affected affective commitment. Discussion: The findings of the study have been convenient with the literature. Conclusion: Public and private hospitals can enhance overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment by altering the ethical climate of organizations. Hospital administrations should nurture caring and rule types of ethical climate which influence overall satisfaction. By this way, they could reduce nursing shortage.
An improved stiffness assessment of cracked steel beam and thick tube with a transverse crack
Authors: Dougdag Mourad , Mohammed Ouali , Nacim Mellel 
Published: March 2016

For rotating machines maintenance and industrial inspection, cracking phenomena are unpredictable events, since the occurrence of a crack and its growth are unavoidable during the system time-life. Current models for cracks behaviour in shafts or tubes were developed thanks to beams theory and finite element method. Even though the beam models are simplified, they provide acceptable results for most cases encountered in practice. The modelling of cracked beams and tubes is based on the addition of a local flexibility due to the crack to the intact structure. However, when the crack depth exceeds the beam’s radius, the models results diverge from experimental observations; in general, the models give a higher global rigidity and do not perform a complete assessment of the local flexibility of the tube. This is true in the particular case of thick tubes. As a result, the lifetime is underestimated. Therefore, an investigation overview of the models behaviour origins demonstrates that the rigidity’s rise was unrealistic. The investigation shows that the generic models underestimate the effect of the section’s geometry change in stiffness’s computation, during the crack depth growing process. The present paper proposes a new approach to improve these models’ accuracy. Therefore, some modification to the models has been performed in order to correct the beam’s model and to complete the assessment of the local flexibility calculations of the tube. Those modifications have been tested within the two beam models. The assessment of the updated models has shown good agreement for the stiffness even when the crack depth exceeded the beam’s radius.
Acral Hemorrhagic Darier’s Disease
Authors: Vender Reid , Vender Ronald 
Published: March 2016

Background: Darier’s disease is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder with pathogenic changes of keratinization with various forms of cutaneous phenotypes. Rare forms of Darier’s disease are uncommonly seen. Methods: The investigators report the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with hemorrhagic vesicles on the dorsum of her hands. She had no history of any previous skin disorder. There was no family history of any skin disorder. Results: A biopsy supported a diagnosis of acral hemorrhagic Darier’s disease. The patient was treated with topical retinoids, and her condition improved. Conclusion: Acral hemorrhagic Darier’s disease is rarely reported in the literature.
An uncommon first manifestation of multiple sclerosis: Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Midaglia Luciana , Juega Mariño Jesús M , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Rovira Alex , Vidal-Jordana Angela , López-Pérez María A , Marzo-Sola María E , Librada Escribano Fausto , Montalban Xavier 
Published: March 2016

Background: Clinically isolated syndromes affecting the brainstem may present with rare manifestations such as neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPO). Objectives: We present the case of a 23 year-old man with NPO caused by Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) as a first manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods and Results: A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan at admission showed multiple supra and infratentorial white matter inflammatory demyelinating lesions. This examination was repeated 2 and 4 weeks after symptoms onset and active lesions showing contrast uptake were identified, two of them involving the pons and the medulla oblongata, probably affecting the solitary tract nucleus. Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands were detected. The patient was treated with a 3-day course of 1g intravenous methylprednisolone presenting a significant and progressive improvement. The proposed underlying physiopathology is an excessive secretion of catecholamines resulting in myocardial stunning and ventricular failure. Two months later he developed optic neuritis and disease-modifying treatment was initiated. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider a possible neurological origin of TTC, and according to the clinical characteristics of the patient, MS may be suspected.