bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic velocity azimuthal anisotropy of the Japan subduction zone: Constraints from P and S wave traveltimes
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present 3‐D images of azimuthal anisotropy tomography of the crust and upper mantle of the Japan subduction zone, which are determined using a large number of high‐quality P and S wave arrival time data of local earthquakes and teleseismic events. A tomographic method for P wave velocity azimuthal anisotropy is modified and extended to invert S wave traveltimes for 3‐D S wave velocity azimuthal anisotropy. A joint inversion of the P and S wave data is conducted to constrain the 3‐D azimuthal anisotropy of the Japan subduction zone. Our results show that the subducting Pacific and Philippine Sea (PHS) slabs exhibit mainly trench‐parallel fast‐velocity directions (FVDs), which may reflect frozen‐in lattice‐preferred orientation of aligned anisotropic minerals formed at the mid‐ocean ridge as well as shape‐preferred orientation such as normal faults produced at the outer‐rise area near the trench axis. Trench‐normal FVDs are generally revealed in the mantle wedge, which may reflect corner flows in the mantle wedge due to the plate subduction and dehydration. Trench‐normal FVDs are also visible in the subslab mantle, which may reflect the subducting asthenosphere underlying the slabs. Our results also reveal toroidal mantle flows in and around a window (hole) in the PHS slab beneath SW Japan, suggesting that the occurrence of the PHS slab window may have caused a complex flow pattern in the mantle wedge above the Pacific slab.
Ten years of eddy covariance measurements in Basel, Switzerland: Seasonal and interannual variabilities of urban CO2 mole fraction and flux
Authors: Schmutz M. , Vogt R. , Feigenwinter C. , Parlow E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEddy covariance (EC) measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) in urban environments are carried out widely since the late nineties. However, long‐term time series are still rare and little is known about long‐term tendencies, even though cities are major sources of CO2 globally. Here a full decade of EC measurements from Basel, Switzerland, is presented. An approach for the calculation of horizontal averages is presented. It improves the significance and comparability of measured fluxes from heterogeneous environments and emphasizes the need of adequate weighting by horizontal averaging in such heterogeneous urban environments, especially for the derivation of cumulative quantities like the annual net ecosystem exchange. The urban CO2 mole fraction (ρC) is compared with regional background measurements, and good agreement in terms of long‐term trend and seasonal variability is found. Over the last decade an increase of 2 ppm y−1 is observed, both locally and globally. CO2 flux (FC) data are analyzed for diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as interannual variabilities. FC shows a large interannual variability in times of high source activity (e.g., during the day and in winter). In contrast, a relatively constant background flux of 5 µmol m−2 s−1 is found during periods of low source activity. The long‐term trend of FC is mostly superimposed by the large temporal variability and is found to be −5% over the last 10 years.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti‐Yo antibodies – a review
Authors: Venkatraman Anand , Opal Puneet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ataxic syndrome associated with Anti‐Yo antibody, or Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA1), is the most common variant of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). The typical presentation involves the subacute development of pancerebellar deficits with a clinical plateau within 6 months. The vast majority of cases have been reported in women with pelvic or breast tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is often normal in the early stages, with cerebellar atrophy seen later. The underlying mechanism is believed to be an immunological reaction to cerebellar degeneration‐related protein 2 (CDR2), a protein usually found in the cerebellum that is ectopically produced by tumor cells. Although both B‐ and T‐cell abnormalities are seen, there is debate about the relative importance of the autoantibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the neuronal loss. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, primarily elevated protein, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and oligoclonal bands, are common in the early stages. The low prevalence of this condition has not allowed for large‐scale randomized controlled trials. Immunotherapies, such as steroids, intravenous immune globulins, and plasma exchange, have been extensively used in managing this condition, with limited success. Although some reports indicate benefit from antitumor therapies like surgery and chemotherapy, this has not been consistently observed. The prognosis for anti‐Yo PCD is almost uniformly poor, with most patients left bedridden. Further studies are required to clarify the pathophysiology and provide evidence‐based treatment options.
Adaptive tracking control of Euler–Lagrange systems with bounded controls
Authors: López‐Araujo Daniela , Loría Antonio , Zavala‐Río Arturo 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe solve the simultaneous closed‐loop identification and tracking‐control problems for fully‐actuated Euler–Lagrange systems under input constraints. We use a nonlinear adaptive controller reminiscent of computed‐torque‐type controllers in which linear correction terms are saturated in order to comply with the imposed bounds on the control inputs. Adaptation, reminiscent of gradient methods, is used also with saturation. With respect to related literature, our contribution consists in establishing uniform global asymptotic stability. Therefore, our control scheme ensures robustness with respect to bounded perturbations and uniform convergence of the estimation errors for any initial conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Janus‐Membranen: Erforschung ihrer Dualität für hochentwickelte Stofftrennungen
Authors: Yang Hao‐Cheng , Hou Jingwei , Chen Vicki , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractJanus‐Membranen sind eine neue Materialklasse mit “gegensätzlichen” Seiten, die selektive und oftmals neuartige Transportcharakteristiken zeigen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz schlagen wird eine Definition der Janus‐Membran vor, die über die Definition der Asymmetrie hinausgeht, und diskutieren gängige Herstellungsmethoden. Wir beschreiben aktuelle und potenzielle Anwendungen im gerichteten Stofftransport und in der schaltbaren Permeation und geben Hinweise zur Membranoptimierung mit detaillierten Mechanismen.
The Heptacyanotungstate(IV) Anion: A New 5 d Transition‐Metal Member of the Rare Heptacyanometallate Family of Anions
Authors: Birk Francisco J. , Pinkowicz Dawid , Dunbar Kim R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe heptacyanotungstate(IV) anion was isolated in the salt (n‐Bu4N)3[WIV(CN)7] (1) from the reduction of (n‐Bu4N)3[WV(CN)8] with concomitant loss of one cyanide ligand. The anion in 1 adopts a slightly distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with an average W−C distance of 2.169 Å. The spectroscopic and magnetic properties are described.
Self‐Templating and In Situ Assembly of a Cubic Cluster‐of‐Clusters Architecture Based on a {Mo24Fe12} Inorganic Macrocycle
Authors: Xuan Weimin , Surman Andrew J. , Zheng Qi , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEngineering self‐templating inorganic architectures is critical for the development of bottom‐up approaches to nanoscience, but systems with a hierarchy of templates are elusive. Herein we describe that the cluster‐anion‐templated (CAT) assembly of a {CAT}⊂{Mo24Fe12} macrocycle forms a giant ca. 220 nm3 unit cell containing 16 macrocycles clustered into eight face‐shared tetrahedral cluster‐of‐clusters assemblies. We show that {CAT}⊂{Mo24Fe12} with different CATs gives the compounds 1–4 for CAT=Anderson {FeMo6} (1), Keggin {PMo12} (2), Dawson {P2W18} (3), and {Mo12O36(HPO3)2} (4) polyoxometalates. “Template‐free” assembly can be achieved, whereby the macrocycle components can also form a template in situ allowing template to macrocycle to superstructure formation and the ability to exchange the templates. Furthermore, the transformation of template clusters within the inorganic macrocycle {Mo24Fe12} allows the self‐generation of an uncapped {Mo12O36(HPO3)2} in compound 4.
Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formic Acid with a Highly Active Ruthenium Acriphos Complex in DMSO and DMSO/Water
Authors: Rohmann Kai , Kothe Jens , Haenel Matthias W. , Englert Ulli , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe novel [Ru(Acriphos)(PPh3)(Cl)(PhCO2)] [1; Acriphos=4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)acridine] is an excellent precatalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to give formic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and DMSO/H2O without the need for amine bases as co‐reagents. Turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 4200 and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 260 h−1 were achieved, thus rendering 1 one of the most active catalysts for CO2 hydrogenations under additive‐free conditions reported to date. The thermodynamic stabilization of the reaction product by the reaction medium, through hydrogen bonds between formic acid and clusters of solvent or water, were rationalized by DFT calculations. The relatively low final concentration of formic acid obtained experimentally under catalytic conditions (0.33 mol L−1) was shown to be limited by product‐dependent catalyst inhibition rather than thermodynamic limits, and could be overcome by addition of small amounts of acetate buffer, thus leading to a maximum concentration of free formic acid of 1.27 mol L−1, which corresponds to optimized values of TON=16×103 and TOFavg≈103 h−1.
Eine Synthese von (±)‐Aplydacton
Authors: Meier Robin , Trauner Dirk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAplydacton ist ein außergewöhnliches bromiertes Sesquiterpenoid aus dem Seehasen Aplysia dactylomela. Sein gespanntes Gerüst umfasst zwei vier‐ und drei sechsgliedrige Ringe und weist drei benachbarte quartäre Kohlenstoffatome auf. Obwohl es höchstwahrscheinlich photochemischen Ursprungs ist, schlugen Versuche, es aus einer Chamigranvorstufe zu synthetisieren, bisher fehl. Wir stellen nun eine Totalsynthese von Aplydacton vor, die zwei photochemische, nicht‐biomimetische Reaktionen nutzt, die effektiv die beiden Cyclobutanringe aufbauen. Darüber hinaus enthält unsere Synthese eine intramolekulare Barbier‐Reaktion und führte zur Entwicklung neuer radikalischer Reaktionsbedingungen, um den sterisch gehinderten sekundären Bromsubstituenten des Naturstoffs einzuführen.
Digital Quantification of DNA Replication and Chromosome Segregation Enables Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility after only 15 Minutes of Antibiotic Exposure
Authors: Schoepp Nathan G. , Khorosheva Eugenia M. , Schlappi Travis S. , Curtis Matthew S. , Humphries Romney M. , Hindler Janet A. , Ismagilov Rustem F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) would decrease misuse and overuse of antibiotics. The “holy grail” of AST is a phenotype‐based test that can be performed within a doctor visit. Such a test requires the ability to determine a pathogen's susceptibility after only a short antibiotic exposure. Herein, digital PCR (dPCR) was employed to test whether measuring DNA replication of the target pathogen through digital single‐molecule counting would shorten the required time of antibiotic exposure. Partitioning bacterial chromosomal DNA into many small volumes during dPCR enabled AST results after short exposure times by 1) precise quantification and 2) a measurement of how antibiotics affect the states of macromolecular assembly of bacterial chromosomes. This digital AST (dAST) determined susceptibility of clinical isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) after 15 min of exposure for all four antibiotic classes relevant to UTIs. This work lays the foundation to develop a rapid, point‐of‐care AST and strengthen global antibiotic stewardship.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Amidation of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Serrano Eloisa , Martin Ruben 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA user‐friendly, nickel‐catalyzed reductive amidation of unactivated primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides with isocyanates is described. This catalytic strategy offers an efficient synthesis of a wide range of aliphatic amides under mild conditions and with an excellent chemoselectivity profile while avoiding the use of stoichiometric and sensitive organometallic reagents.
Synthesis and architecture study of a reactive polybutadiene polyamine as a toughening agent for epoxy resin
Authors: Abdollahi Hossein , Salimi Ali , Barikani Mehdi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel reactive toughener for the epoxy resin was developed and compared with traditional hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). For this purpose, the highly reactive aliphatic amine‐terminated polybutadiene (ATPB) was synthesized at ambient conditions by nucleophilic substitution amination. The characterizations of the product were provided by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy. According to the mechanical test results, incorporation of ATPB into epoxy networks can significantly toughen the epoxy matrix. The addition of 10 phr ATPB increased the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and critical strain energy release rate (GIC) of the epoxy from 0.85 to 2.16 MPa m1/2 and from 0.38 to 3.02 kJ m−2, respectively. Furthermore, unlike HTPB, the presence of the ATPB did not deteriorate the tensile strength of the matrix. The toughening and failure mechanisms were discussed based on the epoxy network morphological characteristics. The reduction in cross‐linking density and glass transition temperature of the epoxy system upon modification with liquid rubbers was confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis. This article opens up the possibility of utilizing reactive flexible diamines with polybutadiene backbone as effective toughening agents for thermoset polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44061.
MicroRNA‐214 exerts a Cardio‐protective effect by inhibition of fibrosis
Authors: Dong Hua , Dong Shimin , Zhang Lisi , Gao Xueping , Lv Guangwei , Chen Wei , Shao Suxia 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe miRNAs play important roles in regulating myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential roles of microRNA‐214 (miR‐214) in cardiac fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment, Ang II‐induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) are transfected with pre‐miR‐214, anti‐miR‐214 and their oligo controls. Gene expression was checked by Quantitative realtime‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting. In the present experiment, compared with controls, expressions of collagen type I (COL I), collagen type III (COL III), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 were all increased, but matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 was reduced in CFB by Ang II treatment at both mRNA and protein levels, and these alterations were found reversed by miR‐214 transfection. In vivo, an anterior transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was created by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery after Ad‐pre‐miR‐214, Ad‐anti‐miR‐214 or Ad‐GFP was delivered separately. Four weeks after AMI, protein contents of COL I, COL III and TGF‐β1 in tissue from border area were found increased after AMI, but impaired by overexpression of miR‐214. While the expression of MMP‐1 was increased by miR‐214 stimulation but decreased by miR‐214 inhibition. These results suggested that miR‐214 exerts cardio‐protective effects by inhibition of fibrosis and the inhibitory effect involves TGF‐β1 suppression and MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 regulation. Anat Rec, 299:1348–1357, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three peas in the pod of consumer imagination: Purchase task, involvement, and ad information
Authors: Spears Nancy , Ketron Seth , Ngamsiriudom Waros 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe research investigates the mediating role of the consumer imagination in persuasion, depending upon level of involvement, nature of the purchase task, and ad information. The consumer imagination is conceptualized as combining triggered information from memory with incoming ad information to simulate a yet‐to‐be‐experienced event. The research reveals how obstacles to information flowing from memory or information from incoming peripheral ad claims suppress the enhancing effects of the consumer imagination. Across three studies, the findings indicate that few incoming peripheral ad claims are an obstacle to the consumer imagination in a utilitarian context, regardless of involvement, because preferred peripheral claims are reduced. Low involvement is an obstacle to the consumer imagination in a hedonic context, because it reduces the need to rely on triggered memories. However, this effect is reversed with more peripheral ad claims, because increased claims help to build up the imagination when reliance on triggered memories is reduced. Theoretical discussion is provided about how the imagination expands the elaboration of ad details by retrieving relevant experiences from memory to create mental rehearsals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fused Perovskite Tunnel Structures in Ba5Fe6+xS4+xO8 (0.44≤x≤0.55) with x‐Dependent Two‐Stage Magnetizations
Authors: Wright Taylor , Prots Yurii , Valldor Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBa5Fe6+xS4+xO8 was synthesized through a solid‐state reaction, and pure powders of nominal compositions x=0.44–0.55 were obtained after being rinsed with water. The crystal structures (P4/mmm, a=10.13, c=4.03 Å) and sample purities were investigated by powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and were found to be composed of a tunnel lattice (Ba5Fe6S4O8), built from fused perovskite units and the tunnel filling (FexSx). The variable composition, that is, the tunnel filling (x), causes partially occupied sites as well as crystallographic split positions. Ba5Fe6+xS4+xO8 (x=0.525) is semiconducting and all investigated compositions exhibit magnetic ground states that could be described as either semi‐spin‐glass‐like (x>0.5) or canted antiferromagnetic (x<0.5). The spin‐glass in x=0.525 exhibits magnetic relaxations that are affected by ageing.
Engineering P450 Peroxygenase to Catalyze Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of cis‐β‐Methylstyrenes
Authors: Zhang Chun , Liu Ping‐Xian , Huang Lu‐Yi , Wei Si‐Ping , Wang Li , Yang Sheng‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Pu Lin , Wang Qin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractP450 119 peroxygenase and its site‐directed mutants are discovered to catalyze the enantioselective epoxidation of methyl‐substituted styrenes. Two new site‐directed P450 119 mutants, namely T213Y and T213M, which were designed to improve the enantioselectivity and activity for the epoxidation of styrene and its methyl substituted derivatives, were studied. The T213M mutant is found to be the first engineered P450 peroxygenase that shows highly enantioselective epoxidation of cis‐β‐methylstyrenes, with up to 91 % ee. Molecular modeling studies provide insights into the different catalytic activity of the T213M mutant and the T213Y mutant in the epoxidation of cis‐β‐methylstyrene. The results of the calculations also contribute to a better understanding of the substrate specificity and configuration control for the regio‐ and stereoselective peroxygenation catalyzed by the T213M mutant.
Cu3V2O8 Nanoparticles as Intercalation‐Type Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Malin , Gao Yu , Chen Nan , Meng Xing , Wang Chunzhong , Zhang Yaoqing , Zhang Dong , Wei Yingjin , Du Fei , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCu3V2O8 nanoparticles with particle sizes of 40–50 nm have been prepared by the co‐precipitation method. The Cu3V2O8 electrode delivers a discharge capacity of 462 mA h g−1 for the first 10 cycles and then the specific capacity, surprisingly, increases to 773 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles, possibly as a result of extra lithium interfacial storage through the reversible formation/decomposition of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. In addition, the electrode shows good rate capability with discharge capacities of 218 mA h g−1 under current densities of 1000 mA g−1. Moreover, the lithium storage mechanism for Cu3V2O8 nanoparticles is explained on the basis of ex situ X‐ray diffraction data and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses at different charge/discharge depths. It was evidenced that Cu3V2O8 decomposes into copper metal and Li3VO4 on being initially discharged to 0.01 V, and the Li3VO4 is then likely to act as the host for lithium ions in subsequent cycles by means of the intercalation mechanism. Such an “in situ” compositing phenomenon during the electrochemical processes is novel and provides a very useful insight into the design of new anode materials for application in lithium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis of Ultrastable Ag Nanoplates/Polyethylenimine–Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application as a Versatile Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Wang Jindi , Zhang Guoxin , Sun Wanxia , Sun Jingsong , Luo Liang , Chang Zheng , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvestigations on Ag nanostructures/reduced graphene oxide composites have been frequently reported, yet the morphology control of those loaded Ag nanocrystals is still challenging. We herein develop a facile method to grow triangular Ag nanoplates (AgP) on polyethylenimine‐modified reduced graphene oxide (AgP/PEI‐rGO). The AgP/PEI‐rGO hybrids show unexpected high stability against chloride ions (Cl−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is possibly due to the strong interaction between surface Ag atoms with the amine groups of PEI. In the chronoamperometry measurements for detecting H2O2, N2H4, and NaNO2, the AgP/PEI‐rGO hybrid shows very wide linear ranges (usually 10−6–10−2 mol L−1 for H2O2, N2H4, and NaNO2) and low detection limits (down to ≈1×10−7 mol L−1), which demonstrate the promising electrochemical sensor applications of these metal/graphene hybrids with well‐defined morphologies and facets. In addition, this strategy could be extended to the deposition of other noble metals on rGO with controlled morphologies.
Symmetric Gini covariance and correlation
Authors: Sang Yongli , Dang Xin , Sang Hailin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStandard Gini covariance and Gini correlation play important roles in measuring the dependence between random variables with heavy tailed distributions. However the asymmetry of Gini covariance and correlation brings a substantial difficulty in interpretation. In this article we propose a symmetric Gini‐type covariance and a symmetric Gini correlation () based on the joint rank function. The proposed correlation is more robust than the Pearson correlation but less robust than the Kendall's correlation. We establish the relationship between and the linear correlation for a class of random vectors in the family of elliptical distributions, which allows us to estimate based on estimation of . The asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators of is studied through two approaches: one based on influence function and the other based on U‐statistics and the delta method. We compare asymptotic efficiencies of the symmetric Gini, regular Gini, Pearson and Kendall's linear correlation estimators under various distributions. In addition to reasonably balancing between robustness and efficiency, the proposed measure shows superior finite sample performance, which makes it attractive in applications. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 323–342; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada