bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at sea in Icelandic waters
Authors: Olafsson Kristinn , Einarsson Sigurdur M. , Gilbey John , Pampoulie Christophe , Hreggvidsson Gudmundur O. , Hjorleifsdottir Sigridur , Gudjonsson Sigurdur 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe origin and life history of 186 Atlantic salmon caught at sea within Icelandic waters were investigated using microsatellites to assess the origin and scales and otoliths to assess freshwater and sea age. A total of 184 samples were aged using scales or otolithes or both. Most of the samples were from individuals in their first year at sea (72.8%). The freshwater age varied from 1 to 5 years with an average of 2.6 years. The most common freshwater age was 2 years (42%), with a further substantial proportion of 3-year-old fish (28%). Genetic assignment of individual fish to their most likely population of origin was performed using Bayesian genetic individual assignments with a baseline consisting of 284 Eastern Atlantic rivers and 466 sample sites genotyped at the 14 microsatellite. A total of 186 samples of salmon caught at sea were assigned to their origin. Eight samples, from post-smolts and caught close to land, were assigned as having come from Iceland. Of the remaining 178 samples, 121 individuals (68%) were from the Southern Group, i.e. from mainland Europe, the UK, and Ireland, 53 individuals (30%) were from the Northern Group, i.e. Scandinavia and Northern Russia, and 4 individuals were from Iceland (2%). Stock mixture proportions were estimated for four periods using ONCOR and cBAYES. Stock mixture analysis generally supported the individual assignments, but did not suggest a seasonal component to the distribution of salmon stocks. These results indicate that the sea south and east of Iceland are important as feeding areas for migrating Atlantic salmon, particularly for salmon originating in the UK, Ireland, and southern Europe. Furthermore, the lack of adult Icelandic fish so close to Iceland is remarkable and suggests that Atlantic salmon from Icelandic stocks are using different feeding grounds.
Diffuse low-ionization gas in the galactic halo casts doubts on z ≃ 0.03 WHIM detections
Authors: Nicastro F. , Senatore F. , Gupta A. , Mathur S. , Krongold Y. , Elvis M. , Piro L. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate that the two claims of z ≃ 0.03 O vii K α absorption lines from Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) along the lines of sight to the blazars H 2356-309 (Buote et al.; Fang et al.) and Mkn 501 (Ren, Fang & Buote) are likely misidentifications of the z = 0 O ii K β line produced by a diffuse Low-Ionization Metal Medium in the Galaxy's interstellar and circum-galactic mediums. We perform detailed modelling of all the available high signal-to-noise Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) and XMM–Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectra of H 2356-309 and Mkn 501 and demonstrate that the z ≃ 0.03 WHIM absorption along these two sightlines is statistically not required. Our results, however, do not rule out a small contribution from the z ≃ 0.03 O vii K α absorber along the line of sight to H 2356-309. In our model the temperature of the putative z = 0.031 WHIM filament is T = 3 × 105 K and the O vii column density is ${\rm N}_{\rm O\,\small {VII}} \lesssim 4\times 10^{15}$ cm−2, twenty times smaller than the O viicolumn density previously reported, and now more consistent with the expectations from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations.
Photodisintegrated gamma rays and neutrinos from heavy nuclei in the gamma-ray burst jet of GRB 130427A
Authors: Joshi Jagdish C. , Razzaque Soebur , Moharana Reetanjali 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Detection of ∼0.1–70 GeV prompt γ-ray emission from the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope provides an opportunity to explore the physical processes of GeV γ-ray emission from the GRB jets. In this work, we discuss interactions of Iron and Oxygen nuclei with observed keV–MeV photons in the jet of GRB 130427A in order to explain an additional, hard spectral component observed during 11.5–33 s after trigger. The photodisintegration time-scale for Iron nuclei is comparable to or shorter than this duration. We find that γ rays resulting from the Iron nuclei disintegration can account for the hard power-law component of the spectra in the ∼1–70 GeV range, before the γγ → e± pair production with low-energy photons severely attenuates emission of higher energy photons. Electron antineutrinos from the secondary neutron decay, on the other hand, can be emitted with energies up to ∼2 TeV. The flux of these neutrinos is low and consistent with non-detection of GRB 130427A by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The required total energy in the Iron nuclei for this hadronic model for GeV emission is ≲10 times the observed total energy released in the prompt keV–MeV emission.
Contents of Consciousness Investigated as Integrated Information in Direct Human Brain Recordings
Authors: Haun Andrew M. , Oizumi Masafumi , Kovach Christopher K. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Oya Hiroyuki , Howard Matthew A. , Adolphs Ralph , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntegrated information theory postulates that the particular way stimuli appear when we consciously experience them arises from integrated information relationships across neural populations. We investigated if such equivalence holds by testing if similar/different percepts map onto similar/different information structures. We computed integrated information structure from intracranial EEGs recorded in 6 neurosurgical patients who had electrodes implanted over posterior cortices. During recording, we dissociated subjective percepts from physical inputs in three distinct stimulus paradigms (passive viewing, continuous flash suppression, and backward masking). Unsupervised classification showed that integrated information within stimulus-selective cortical regions classified visual experiences with significant accuracy (peaking on average around 64% classification accuracy). Classification by other relevant information theoretic measures such as mutual information and entropy was consistently poorer (56% and 54% accuracy). The findings argue that concepts from integrated information theory are empirically testable, promising a potential link between conscious experience and informational structures.
Context-specificity in causal signaling networks revealed by phosphoprotein profiling
Authors: Hill Steven M. , Nesser Nicole K. , Johnson-Camacho Katie , Jeffress Mara , Johnson Aimee , Boniface Chris , Spencer Simon E.F. , Lu Yiling , Heiser Laura M. , Lawrence Yancey , Pande Nupur T. , Korkola James E. , Gray Joe W. , Mills Gordon B. , Mukherjee Sach , Spellman Paul T. 
Published: February 2016

SummarySignaling networks downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases are among the most extensively studied biological networks. However, it remains unclear whether signaling networks depend on biological context. Signaling networks encode causal influences – and not just correlations – between network components. Here, using a causal framework and systematic time-course assays of signaling proteins, we investigate the context-specificity of signaling networks in a cell line system. We focus on a well-defined set of signaling proteins profiled in four breast cancer cell lines under eight stimulus conditions and inhibition of specific kinases. The data, spanning multiple pathways and comprising approximately 70,000 phosphoprotein and 260,000 protein measurements, provide a wealth of testable, context-specific hypotheses, several of which we validate in independent experiments. Furthermore, the data provide a resource for computational methods development, permitting empirical assessment of causal network learning in a complex, mammalian setting.
Craniofacial shape transition across the house mouse hybrid zone: implications for the genetic architecture and evolution of between-species differences
Authors: Pallares Luisa F. , Turner Leslie M. , Tautz Diethard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCraniofacial shape differences between taxa have often being linked to environmental adaptation, e.g. to new food sources, or have been studied in the context of domestication. Evidence for the genetic basis of such phenotypic differences to date suggests that within- as well as between-species variation has an oligogenic basis, i.e. few loci of large effect explain most of the variation. In mice, it has been shown that within-population craniofacial variation has a highly polygenic basis, but there are no data regarding the genetic basis of between-species differences. Here, we address this question using a phenotype-focused approach. Using 3D geometric morphometrics, we phenotyped a panel of mice derived from a natural hybrid zone betweenM. m. domesticusandM. m. musculus, and quantify the transition of craniofacial shape along the hybridization gradient. We find a continuous shape transition along the hybridization gradient, and unaltered developmental stability associated with hybridization. This suggests that the morphospace between the two subspecies is continuous despite reproductive isolation and strong barriers to gene flow. We show that quantitative changes in genome composition generate quantitative changes in craniofacial shape; this supports a highly polygenic basis for between-species craniofacial differences in the house mouse. We discuss our findings in the context of oligogenic versus polygenic models of the genetic architecture of morphological traits.
The infinitesimal model
Authors: Barton N H , Etheridge A M , Véber A 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOur focus here is on theinfinitesimal model. In this model, one or several quantitative traits are described as the sum of a genetic and a non-genetic component, the first being distributed as a normal random variable centred at the average of the parental genetic components, and with a variance independent of the parental traits. We first review the long history of the infinitesimal model in quantitative genetics. Then we provide a definition of the model at the phenotypic level in terms of individual trait values and relationships between individuals, but including different evolutionary processes: genetic drift, recombination, selection, mutation, population structure, … We give a range of examples of its application to evolutionary questions related to stabilising selection, assortative mating, effective population size and response to selection, habitat preference and speciation. We provide a mathematical justification of the model as the limit as the numberMof underlying loci tends to infinity of a model with Mendelian inheritance, mutation and environmental noise, when the genetic component of the trait is purely additive. We also show how the model generalises to include epistatic effects. In each case, by conditioning on the pedigree relating individuals in the population, we incorporate arbitrary selection and population structure. We suppose that we can observe the pedigree up to the present generation, together with all the ancestral traits, and we show, in particular, that the genetic components of the individual trait values in the current generation are indeed normally distributed with a variance independent of ancestral traits, up to an error of order. Simulations suggest that in particular cases the convergence may be as fast as 1/M.
Game-based learning in construction management courses: a case of bidding game
Authors: Oo Bee Lan , Lim Benson Teck-Heng 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The game-based learning has been used very successfully in some areas of formal education. In construction management, there is an increased uptake of games in teaching and learning. Focusing on a bidding game, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate its ability in enhancing students’ learning. The specific objectives are to: examine the effectiveness of the game as a teaching mechanism; explore students’ learning experience, preference and motivation to participate in the game; and identify the relationship between game features and students’ learning experience and overall satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– This paper adopted a survey research design. A questionnaire survey was conducted in two universities in Australia, involving 100 students in the gameplay.Findings– The results show that the overall student feedback is positive with the vast majority of the students enjoying the learning experience. Students from both institutions have indicated their preference for group-based game sessions. However, the students have divergent opinions about the game incentive and motivation. It is found that there are significant correlations between some of the game features and students’ learning experience and overall satisfaction.Practical implications– The bidding game clearly has potential for adaptation in construction bidding-related courses. Educators could consider incorporating the significant game features towards improving students’ learning experience and overall satisfaction.Originality/value– Given there are limited studies that aimed at evaluating educational games, the student feedback in this research should facilitate more critical and reflective process for incorporating similar form of games in teaching construction management and bidding-related courses.
The world’s largest “ideapreneurshipTM”
Authors: Technologies HCL 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe how HCL Technologies has been recognized as Britain’s top employer for nine years consecutively.

Design/methodology/approach
– It explores the culture change in HCL Technologies and its revolutionary decision to put “Employees First, Customer Second”.

Findings
– A focus on employee engagement means that leaders engage, enable and empower people and is the key driver to develop and sustain a productive workforce.

Originality/value
– The paper details the unique culture, distinct people practices and differentiated interventions that give HCL Technologies the flexibility to align our strategy to a concentrated goal – to be simply the best in the market.
Are individual investors dumb noise traders
Authors: Blonski Philip , Blonski Simon Christian 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to question the undifferentiated treatment of individual traders as “dumb noise traders?”. We question this undifferentiated verdict by conducting an analysis of the cognitive competence of individual investors.Design/methodology/approach– The authors let experts (both experienced researchers as well as practitioners) assess the mathematical and verbal reasoning demands of investment tasks investigated in previous studies.Findings– Based on this assessment, this paper concludes that individual investors are able to perform a number of complex cognitive actions, especially those demanding higher-order verbal reasoning. However, they seem to reach cognitive limitations with tasks demanding greater mathematical reasoning ability. This is especially unfortunate, as tasks requiring higher mathematical reasoning are considered to be more relevant to performance. These findings have important implications for future regulatory measures.Research limitations/implications– This study has two non-trivial limitations. First, indirect measurement of mental requirements does not allow authors to make definite statements about the cognitive competence of individual investors. To do so, it would be necessary to conduct laboratory experiments which directly measure performance of investors on different investment and other cognitively demanding tasks. However, such data are not available for retail investors on this market to the best of the authors’s knowledge. We therefore think that our approach is a valuable first step toward understanding investors’ cognitive competence using data that are available at this moment. Second, the number of analyzed (and available) tasks is rather low (n= 10) which limits the power of tests and restricts the authors from using more profound (deductive) statistical analyses.Practical implications– This paper proposes to illustrate information in key investor documents mostly verbally (e.g. as proposed by Rieger, 2009), compel exchanges and issuers of retail derivatives to create awareness for the results of the reviewed studies and our conclusion and to offer online math trainings especially designed for individual investors to better prepare them for different trading activities, as these have been shown to be as effective as face-to-face trainings (Fredericksonet al., 2005; Karret al., 2003).Social implications– This study can only be considered as a first step toward understanding the cognitive limitations of individual investors indirectly and could be transferred to other market areas as well.Originality/value– This study is the first to combine the assessment of outstanding researchers in this field with the results of previous studies. In doing so, this paper provides an overarching framework of interpretation for these studies.
Parent perspectives and reasons for lower urgency paediatric presentations to emergency departments
Authors: Freed Gary L , Allen Amy R , Turbitt Erin , Nicolas Caroline , Oakley Ed 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe age band with, by far, the greatest number of ED presentations is children 0–4  years, with other paediatric age bands also among the highest. As the majority of these presentations are for lower urgency conditions, we sought to determine why parents seek ED care for their child for lower urgency conditions.MethodsA survey study of 1150 parents or guardians of children with lower urgency conditions (triage category 4 or 5) presenting to the EDs of three public general and one paediatric specialty hospital in metropolitan Melbourne.ResultsFewer than half of parents (43%) attempted to make an appointment with a general practitioner (GP) for their child prior to presenting to the ED. Two‐thirds of those who did contact a GP were instructed by their GP to go to the ED for their lower urgency condition. Few attempted to contact a nurse telephone triage service or after‐hours GP service.ConclusionsThe current magnitude and the growth of lower urgency paediatric ED presentations is a strain on the health care system. Efforts to educate parents regarding the suitability and availability of GP appointments can be the cornerstone of an initial strategy to address this issue. However, efforts to address the high rates of GP referral to EDs for low urgency presentations will be more vexing to develop, yet no less important. They will require addressing fundamental issues in both current GP care for children and the training of GP registrars.
Evaluation of Parathyroidectomy for Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism by the Parathyroid Surgeons’ Society of Japan
Authors: Tominaga Yoshihiro , Kakuta Takatoshi , Yasunaga Chikao , Nakamura Michio , Kadokura Yoshiyuki , Tahara Hideki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) remains a serious complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, and some patients require parathyroidectomy. The Parathyroid Surgeons’ Society of Japan (PSSJ) evaluated parathyroidectomy for SHPT and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) in Japan. The annual numbers of parathyroidectomies between 2004 and 2013 were evaluated using questionnaires. Since 2010, the PSSJ has registered the patients. In total, 826 patients from 42 institutions were registered. The annual number of parathyroidectomies for SHPT and THPT in Japan increased from 2004 to 2007 and then decreased markedly after 2007, with 296 operations performed in 2013. The number of women and men was almost equal (397/427). Median (interquartile range) age of these patients was 59.0 (24–87) years, the duration of hemodialysis before parathyroidectomy was 10.83 (0.0–38.7) years, and diabetic nephropathy was 87/826 (10.5%). Of these patients 59.6% were treated with cinacalcet at undergoing parathyroidectomy. In 75.3% of patients, a total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft was performed. In 77.7% of patients, four or more parathyroid glands were removed during the initial operation. The incidences of husky voice and wound hemorrhage were 2.9% and 1.1%, respectively.The number of parathyroidectomies for SHPT in Japan decreased markedly after the introduction of cinacalcet. Based on the evaluation of registered patients, parathyroidectomies have been successfully performed at the institutions participating in the PSSJ.
Molecular optimization of rabies virus glycoprotein expression in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ben Azoun Safa , Belhaj Aicha Eya , Göngrich Rebecca , Gasser Brigitte , Kallel Héla 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this work, different approaches were investigated to enhance the expression rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV‐G) in the yeast Pichia pastoris; this membrane protein is responsible for the synthesis of rabies neutralizing antibodies. First, the impact of synonymous codon usage bias was examined and an optimized RABV‐G gene was synthesized. Nevertheless, data showed that the secretion of the optimized RABV‐G gene was not tremendously increased as compared with the non‐optimized one. In addition, similar levels of RABV‐G were obtained when α‐factor mating factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or the acid phosphatase PHO1 was used as a secretion signal. Therefore, sequence optimization and secretion signal were not the major bottlenecks for high‐level expression of RABV‐G in P. pastoris. Unfolded protein response (UPR) was induced in clones containing high copy number of RABV‐G expression cassette indicating that folding was the limiting step for RABV‐G secretion. To circumvent this limitation, co‐overexpression of five factors involved in oxidative protein folding was investigated. Among these factors only PDI1, ERO1 and GPX1 proved their benefit to enhance the expression. The highest expression level of RABV‐G reached 1230 ng ml−1. Competitive neutralizing assay confirmed that the recombinant protein was produced in the correct conformational form in this host.
Discussion of ‘Unrealised earnings, dividends and reporting aggressiveness: an examination of firms’ behavior in the era of fair value accounting'
Authors: Wang Shiheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the paper by Chen and Gavious (2016). Chen and Gavious (2016) investigate the change in dividend payouts after mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) in Israel. They find that some Israeli firms distributed cash dividends out of unrealized earnings from financial instruments and investment properties due to the application of fair value accounting under IFRS. They further find that these firms manipulated both book and tax income to increase the dividend payouts. This discussion focuses on the theoretical development in the impact of IFRS adoption on corporate incentive for dividend payouts and the costs of earnings management for dividend distribution. This discussion also offers suggestions on how to improve the empirical design and analyses.
Cross‐cultural equivalence in translation of the oral health impact profile: how to interpret the final score?
Authors: Denis Frederic , Trojak Benoit , Rude Nathalie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe oral health impact profile (OHIP) is one of the most widely known oral health‐related quality of life instruments. In Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, MacEntee and Brondani report the results of a systematic review to identify acceptable methods for translating psychometric instruments for cross‐cultural equivalence of the OHIP scale. But in no study has unidimensionality, one aspect of the validity of the internal structure of the scale, been verified, whereas it is a major psychometric step. In the absence of the study of unidimensionality, it is difficult to interpret the final score. The methodology of transcultural validation of the OHIP could be improved, and the study of the unidimensionality is a psychometrically necessary step for the interpretation of the finale score.