bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facing depression with botulinum toxin: Literature review
Authors: Cátia Alves M. , Sobreira G. , Aleixo M.A. , Oliveira J.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAffecting over 120 million people, major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by low mood, lack of interest and a cluster of other vegetative and cognitive symptoms causing significant distress of functioning. It has a relapsing and recurring course and frequently becomes chronic. Thus, there is a need to further develop therapeutic techniques to improve the course and the prognosis of depressive disorders. Recent clinical trials suggest that botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment may also have an antidepressant effect.ObjectiveThe authors aim to conduct a non-systematic review in order to understand the relationship between MDD and BTX treatment.AimsTo assess whether current evidence supports the BTX to treat major depressive patients.MethodsA non-systematic review of English scientific literature was conducted through research in the PubMed search engine, using the keywords “botulinum toxin” and “depression”.ResultsThere is a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that botulinum toxin may be useful for the treatment of depression. The main hypothesis for the proposed beneficial effects of botulinum toxin is through the facial feedback. Low mood and depression are often associated with a sad facial expression. Injecting botulinum toxin and improving facial expression would lead to the improvement of depression symptoms.ConclusionsPositive effects on mood have been observed in subjects who underwent treatment of glabellar frown lines with botulinum toxin. It supports the concept that the facial musculature not only expresses, but also regulates mood states.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Computer-based cognitive training for patients with unipolar depression
Authors: Elliott A. , Munk-Jørgensen P. , Sheldrick-Michel A. , Hell M.D. , Nielsen B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionUnipolar depression is a public health problem and is the most common psychiatric disorder among people with long-term sick leave in Denmark. Patients with unipolar depression are often associated with deficits in cognitive function long after the affective symptoms have disappeared. This could explain the long-term sick leave among patients suffering from unipolar depression. Computer-based cognitive training has been used to increase cognitive function in other patient groups.ObjectivesIt is unknown whether cognitive functions are improved in patients with depression by help of a cognitive computer program. Further we investigate whether this intervention shortens sick leave.AimsTo investigate whether a computer-based cognitive training group present a higher score in cognitive function after training and return to their employment earlier compared to the control group.MethodsThe study includes patients who have been admitted because of depression, but are finished with their treatment. When the patients are discharged, they will be randomizes into two groups and evaluated on their cognitive function. Only one of the two groups will receive computer-based cognitive training. After 12 week the two groups’ cognitive function will be compared. Furthermore there is a six-month follow up, to show if or when the participants have returned to work.ResultsThe results will be presented at the EPA March 2016 in Madrid.ConclusionBased on the results of study it is our intention to conclude whether or not to implement computer-based cognitive training in treatment of patients with depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The sunshine induced placebo effect in major depressive disorder patients exhibits gender differences
Authors: Gailledreau J. , Gailledreau B. , Desbonnet P. , Khalifa Soussan P. , Desbonnet N. , Becque S. 
Published: May 2016

RationaleSunshine increases placebo effect in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (Gailledreau et al., 2015). Kokras et al. (2014) showed that sunshine induces different responses in female than male mice in preclinical models of depression.ObjectiveTo determine whetehr the sunshine induced placebo effect exhibits gender differences in human.Materiel and methodsData from 9 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of antidepressants conducted by the French GICIPI network were reviewed. MADRS (5) or HAM-D 17 (4) were used as the main efficacy tool. For each patient, variation of scores (Delta MADRS/Delta HAM-D) between two consecutive visits were correlated with the average sunshine index observed at noon between these visits. Sunshine indexes were provided by Météo-France. Correlations were computed with Microsoft Excel.ResultsAnalysis of both genders (n = 52) showed no statistically significant (NS) correlation (r2 = 0.0064) between sunshine and score variations. Analysis of males (n = 8) failed to demonstrate any significant correlation in cloudy (< 1000 Joules/cm2), variable (1000–2000 Joules/cm2) or sunny (> 2000 Joules/cm2) weather. Analysis of females (n = 44) showed NS correlation as well for cloudy or variable weather (r2 = 0.0016), but a strong correlation was observed for females exposed to sunny weather: r2 = 0, 315, n = 20, P < 0.01. This correlation was even stronger in the subpopulation of females aged less than 50 years: r2 = 0.6398, n = 12, P < 0.001.DiscussionThe hypothesis underlying this correlation between sunshine index and variations of MADRS/HAMD scales will be discussed.ConclusionSunshine increases placebo effect in female patients aged less than 50. This insufficiently known effect may be responsible for failure of a number of double-blind, randomized, studies of antidepressant compounds.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depressive symptomatology and learning: Does intermediate testing or restudying the information determine long-term memory retrieval of novel symbols?
Authors: Giannouli V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is a hypothesis in cognitive psychology that long-term memory retrieval is improved by intermediate testing than by restudying the information. The effect of testing has been investigated with the use of a variety of stimuli. However, almost all testing effect studies to date have used purely verbal materials such as word pairs, facts and prose passages.ObjectiveHere byzantine music symbol–word pairs were used as to-be-learned materials to demonstrate the generalisability of the testing effect to symbol learning in participants with and without depressive symptoms.MethodFifty healthy (24 women, M age = 26.20, SD = 5.64) and forty volunteers with high depressive symptomatology (20 women, M age = 27.00, SD = 1.04) were examined. The participants did not have a music education. The examination material was completely new for them: 16 byzantine music notation stimuli, paired with a verbal label (the ancient Greek name of the symbol). Half of the participants underwent intermediate testing and the others restudied the information in a balanced design.ResultsResults indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in final memory test performance after a retention interval of 5 minutes for both groups of participants with low and high level depressive symptomatology (P > 0.005). After a retention interval of a week, tested pairs were retained better than repeatedly studied pairs for high and low depressive symptomatology groups (P < 0.005).ConclusionsThis research suggests that the effect of testing time on later memory retrieval can also be obtained in byzantine symbol learning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antidepressant efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine in daily practice in Switzerland
Authors: Guido B. , Edith H.T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe antidepressant efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine, MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist, has been proven in clinical trials. Non interventional studies give the opportunity to evaluate these properties in real life.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine in depressed outpatients in Switzerland.MethodsNon-interventional study in 934 depressed (51.2% severely) patients given 25–50 mg agomelatine for 12 and 24 weeks. Main endpoints were change in MADRS score, and response (≥50% reduction in total score) and remission (MADRS ≤12) rates. CGI was also assessed. Reported adverse drug reactions, sexual dysfunction, and weight changes were recorded. Liver function tests were performed according to the summary of product characteristics.ResultsMADRS total score decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) from baseline (29.5 ± 8.9) to weeks 12 (12.8 ± 9.6) and 24 (9.7 ± 8.6). Responder rate was 66.8% and 78.3% and remission rate 54.2% and 70.2% at weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Results corroborated by CGI scores, were similar for severely depressed patients. Early improvers (MADRS ≥ 20% reduction after 2 weeks; 461 patients) had the highest responder and remission rates. Agomelatine was well tolerated and no relevant weight changes or deleterious sexual function was reported. Ten patients had ALT/AST>3ULN, thereof 2 without baseline and one with elevated baseline. Most physicians rated the efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine as “good or very good”.ConclusionLong-term agomelatine treatment improved mood symptoms of depressed patients with high levels of response and remission and a favorable tolerance profile.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression and its correlation with the risk of cardiovascular mortality in primary care population in Latvia
Authors: Ivanovs R. , Trapencieris M. , Vrublevska J. , Logins R. , Berze L. , Rancans E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is one of several preventable causes of disability worldwide, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being the largest cause of disability. Depression has been confirmed as a risk factor for CHD.ObjectivesFew studies tried to find an interrelation between depression and a risk of cardiovascular mortality according to systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) chart.AimsThe aim of study was to examine the correlation of depression with the risk of cardiovascular mortality (SCORE).MethodsStudy was conducted in 2015 within the framework of National Research Programme BIOMEDICINE. All patients aged 18 and older at 24 primary care facilities were interviewed with a sociodemographic questionnaire supplemented by measurements of blood pressure and total cholesterol. Within 2 weeks after the visit psychiatrist administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) by telephone. SCORE was assessed using high risk chart.ResultsTotally 920 patients age 40–69 were included in the data analysis. According to the MINI 9.3%(95%CI 7.5–11.5%) of 40–69 years old patients had current depression. Current depression was more common among women than men, 10.4% and 6.8%, respectively. The prevalence of current depression was highest among patients with SCORE 3–4%. Multivariate logistic regression did not suggest statistically significant odds ratio for having depression based on SCORE.ConclusionsOnly one of the measurements used for SCORE (smoking status) was significant predictor for having current depression, while systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were not significant predictors for depression. As pharmacotherapies for reducing blood pressure and cholesterol are widely used by patients further research should include use of these medicines as potential mediators.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Group interpersonal psychotherapy for maternal depression an exploratory randomized control trial
Authors: Nusrat H. , Zehra N. , Amir B. , Nasim C. , tayyeba K. , Shehla Z. , Batool F. , Meher H. , Farooq N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe global burden of depression is high for women in both high income and low-and-middle income countries WHO. Depression is particularly common during pregnancy and in the postnatal period and phenomenology said to be the same as in non-child bearing age. Despite high prevalence of prenatal and postnatal depression in Pakistan, research on the effectiveness of psychological interventions is limited.AimsThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) intervention for maternal depression in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsA total of 50 mothers aged 18 years and above with children below 3 years of age, and experiencing mild to moderate depression were recruited. Assessments were done using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and EuroQol-5D at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and EQ-5D were also used to measure self-esteem and health related quality of life. Participants were randomly assigned into IPT plus treatment as usual (TAU) and TAU groups. Ten sessions of group IPT were delivered to intervention group.ResultsResults indicated significant difference between intervention and control group on EPDS. The mean score at baseline for the IPT group (mean = 14.76) reduced to (mean = 6.40) (P < 0.000) at 3-month and to (mean = 6.64) (P < 0.001) at 6-month intervals as compared to TAU (mean = 11.44) (P < 0.000) at 3-month and to (mean = 11.08) at 6-month (P < 0.001) after randomisation.ConclusionIPT is a successful fit for women with maternal depression in low-income areas and IPT can be the appropriate treatment option as it is time limited, specific, and evidence based.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Initial usability and feasibility evaluation of the SIMPLe Smartphone application to monitor and psychoeducate bipolar patients
Authors: Hidalgo-Mazzei D. , Reinares M. , Mateu A. , Murru A. , Bonnín C.D.M. , Vieta E. , Colom F. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe SIMPLe project was designed with the aim of developing a smartphone application (i.e. app) to monitor and psychoeducate subjects with bipolar disorder through highly personalized messages from both passive and active data. The project was based on a face-to-face group program, which has an increasing scientific evidence of its efficacy and cost-effectiveness reducing bipolar disorder relapses.AimsAn initial feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the usability and satisfaction of an Android version of the SIMPLe app 1.0.MethodsThe SIMPLe feasibility study was conducted from March 2015 to June 2015. The participation in the study was offered to a consecutive sample of adult patients diagnosed of bipolar disorder I, II or NOS (not otherwise specified) attending the outpatient mental health clinic of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.ResultsThe participation in the study was offered to 72 stable bipolar patients. Forty-three subjects were enrolled in the study. Since the day the patients were enrolled in the study, the rate of completed tests was 0.74 per day and 1.13 per week. Nine emergency alerts were received through the application and notified to the reference patients’ psychiatrists. Ninety-five percent of the initial participants remained actively using the app and no relapses were identified during the 3 months of the study.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest a high feasibility of the SIMPLE app based on the rates of tasks completed and retention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and risk factors of peripartum depressive symptoms among South Korean women – Preliminary data of a large prospective study
Authors: Lee S.Y. , Ryu H.M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess period prevalence and risk factors of peripartum depression in South Korean women.MethodsTwo thousand four hundred and forty-nine women in their first trimester of pregnancy were recruited, 1355 women were followed to the end of the study (1 month after delivery), 423 women are before the 1 month after delivery, 671 were dropped out. There were four time points of assessment – 12, 24, 36 weeks of gestation and 1 month after delivery. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated Korean version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Risk factors were assessed across the demographic features, past histories, obstetric histories, and psychological status.ResultsThe prevalence of peripartum depressive symptoms (above 10 points of K-EPDS) was found to be 18.8% at 1st trimester, 12.9% at 2nd trimester, 12.6% at 3rd trimester, and 15.7% at 1 month after delivery. Identified risk factors of depression at 1st trimester were unmarried status, employed status, low family income, familial history and past history of depression, multigravida, unplanned pregnancy, hyperemesis, and threatened abortion. In psychological aspects, higher distress, lower marriage satisfaction, and lower quality of life increased the risk of depression. The analyses to identify risk factors of postpartum depression will be performed after the deliveries of recruited mothers are complete.ConclusionA substantial proportion of mothers suffered from peripartum depression from their early pregnancy in Seoul, Korea. Intervention based on identified risk factors would be recommended to help depressive pregnant mothers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Civilization syndrome. New diagnosis and new therapeutic approach
Authors: Łoza B. , Polikowska M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlthough the relationship between the content of stress and serious diseases, such as depression is not so obvious, underlying mechanisms encouraging more and more authors to define a ‘civilization syndrome’ as a link between our modern lifestyle, the civilization we live and psychosocial health problems. With regard to the ‘civilization syndrome’, there are several new candidates that have been spotted as the challenges for psychiatric research, like burnout, infertility and solitude. All these phenomena seem to increase epidemically and require urgent conceptual and therapeutic studies.Aim. The program was addressed to three groups of patients with burnout, infertility, and social relationship/loneliness crisis.MethodUsing the new stress reduction program (SRP), engaging both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approach, and also several lifestyle factors, like physiotherapy, nutrition aspects, coaching, social media contact and monitoring, most of patients improved in terms of emotional and behavioral markers, in short- and long-term (4–6 months) observations.MaterialPatients and clients (N43) with F3.x-F4.x disorders according to ICD-10.ResultsA variety of PRS scales were used to assess patients’ improvement outcomes. Significant reductions (4–6 months) were observed at Maslach Burnout Inventory (–23.4%, P = 0.000), Fertility Problem Inventory (–34.5%, P = 0.000), UCLA Loneliness Scale, ver. 3 (–43.3%, P = 0.000), and Perceived Stress Scale (44.0%, P = 0.000).DiscussionThis program interplays between stress and mental health problems and opens up new possibilities for diagnosis and therapy, focusing on the challenges of civilization, and especially opens up preventive options in stress-related problems and diseases, which represent a growing health burdens in modern society.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of self-compassion in lifetime history of depression: A study in Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Bento E. , Xavier S. , Azevedo J. , Marques M. , Soares M.J. , Martins M.J. , Castilho P. , Madeira N. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlthough self-compassion has been pointed as an effective strategy for coping with depression, there are not any studies investigating its association with lifetime history of depression (LTHD).ObjectiveTo compare self-compassion levels in pregnant women with vs. without LTHD and to analyze if self-compassion dimensions are significant predictors of LTHD.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women with a mean age of 33 years (±4.785) in their second trimester of pregnancy completed the Self Compassion Scale validated for pregnancy (SCS; Bento et al., 2015) and a new self-report questionnaire to evaluate the presence of LTHD according to DSM-5 criteria for depression.ResultsNinety-seven (23.0%) women had LTHD. Bisserial Spearmen correlations between LTHD and SCS total score were significant, negative and moderate (r = –0.31). SCS subscales, except Common Humanity, showed significant correlations: Self-Kindness/SK (r = –0.130), self-judgement (SJ) (0.313), isolation (0.357), mindfulness (r = –0.102), over-identification (OI) (r = 0.393). Independent sample t tests revealed that women with vs. without LTHD had significantly lower levels of total SCS, SK and Mindfulness scores and higher levels of SJ, Isolation and OI.Logistic regression (assumptions were fulfilled, Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007) showed that the SCS explained 26.7%–43.6% of the LTHD variance and correctly classified 86.9%; the odds ratio (OR) was.865 (95% CI 0.834–0.898; P < 0.001). The model composed by the correlated dimensions explained 15.9%–24.0% and correctly classified 80.6%. Odds ratios: SK = 0.017; SJ = 0.021; isolation = 16.027; mindfulness = 0.167 and OI = 20.178 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsSelf-compassion, specifically the ability to treat oneself with care and understanding and to be aware and accepting one's present-moment experiences, decrease the probability of having LTHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Premorbid temperament as a predictor for remission in depression
Authors: Miettunen J. , Marttila R. , Rautio N. , Roivainen E. , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. , Ala-Mursula L. , Auvinen J. , Timonen M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPersonality traits have been associated with risk for depressive disorders. Studies with premorbid measures on personality are uncommon.ObjectiveEstimate effect of premorbid personality as a predictor for remission in depressive disorders.AimTo study premorbid personality as a predictor for remission in depression in a population based sample.MethodsThe sample is based on the large Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Temperament traits were measured at age 31 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory. At the age of 46 years depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI). The sample included those with self-reported life-time depression history at age 46 years but not yet at age 31 years (n = 298). Temperament at age 31 years was used to predict remission (BDI≤13) at age 46 years using logistic regression analysis, with gender and educational level as confounders. Cohen's d was used as effect size measure.ResultsTwo hundred and one (67.4%) of individuals with self-reported depression were on remission at the follow-up. Low harm avoidance (total scale, and subscales anticipatory worry, shyness, and fatigability), low impulsiveness and high exploratory excitability (subscales of novelty seeking), and low sentimentality (subscale of reward dependence) predicted significantly remission with effect sizes between 0.28 and 0.45, highest effect being in harm avoidance.ConclusionsDifferent temperament traits were able to predict remission status in depression. Effect sizes were between small and moderate. Temperament may associate with treatment response in depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.