bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary examination of the pottery from the Fengate (Power Station) site and the Flag Fen platform
Authors: Anderson Katherine J. , Barrett John C. 
Published: January 2016

The discovery of a small scatter of pottery sherds from around and to the south of the timber rows on the Fengate site and of more pottery from the Flag Fen platform enables us to undertake a comparative study which might throw some light on the history of activities associated with these two structures.The assemblages discussed here are small, 103 sherds from Fengate and 293 sherds from the Flag Fen platform, and the procedures by which these assemblages were recovered differ. The Fengate pottery was excavated in the course of uncovering either the timbers or the metalwork. Consequently, the distribution of known material derives not from a detailed examination of the entire area but from the position of the timbers or the metal objects and where the position of the latter was indicated by metal-detector readings. These recovery procedures present us with some difficulties if we wish to seek a direct comparison between this assemblage and the material from the Flag Fen platform. The platform is being excavated fully and under closer archaeological scrutiny; the contrast is well illustrated by the fact that sherds of less than 20 mm in diameter are absent from the Fengate site but comprise about 17% of the Flag Fen assemblage.
A new aglaspidid-like euarthropod from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia
Authors: EDGECOMBE GREGORY D. , PATERSON JOHN R. , GARCÍA-BELLIDO DIEGO C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new euarthropod from the Emu Bay Shale (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, is a rare component of this Konservat-Lagerstätte. The two known specimens ofEozetetes gemmelligen. et sp. nov., in combination, depict a non-biomineralized euarthropod with a relatively short cephalic shield lacking dorsal eyes and bearing a flagelliform antenna, 18 trunk segments with broad tergopleurae and paired axial nodes/carinae, and an elongate, styliform tailspine. The new species compares most closely with taxa in the putative clade Vicissicaudata, which groups Aglaspidida, Cheloniellida and Xenopoda. A ring-like terminal tergite inE. gemmellicorresponds to the caudal tergite in cheloniellids and xenopodans. IncorporatingEozetetesinto recent character sets for Cambrian euarthropods supports close affinities to eitherEmeraldellaor to aglaspidids, but several plesiomorphic character states are inconsistent with membership in Aglaspididasensu stricto. Eozetetesis among the earliest of various Cambrian taxa informally referred to as ‘aglaspidid-like euarthropods’.
Learning from the experiences of people with HIV using general practitioner services in London: a qualitative study
Authors: Keogh Peter , Weatherburn Peter , Reid David 
Published: January 2016

AimTo explore the experiences of people with HIV (PWHIV) using general practitioner (GP) services in order to identify barriers to use.BackgroundTraditionally, GPs have little involvement in the care of PWHIV. However, as HIV becomes a chronic condition and the population of PWHIV ages, there is a need to increase this involvement. Despite high levels of GP registration, the majority of PWHIV in London report that their GP is not involved in their HIV care.MethodsThis paper presents qualitative findings from a mixed method study of PWHIV’s experiences of clinical services. Survey respondents were purposively sampled to recruit 51 PWHIV who took part in eight focus groups. Participants were asked about their experience of using GP services.FindingsThree factors emerged which mediated experiences of GP care.Competence: respondents were concerned about the potential for misdiagnosis of symptoms, lack of awareness of the health needs of PWHIV and experiences of prescribing, which could lead to drug interactions.Continuity: not being able to get appointments quickly enough, not being able to see the same doctor twice and not being able to keep the same GP when one changed address were experienced as impediments to use.Communication: lack of communication between GPs and HIV specialists led to what participants called ‘patient ping-pong’ where they found themselves acting as a go-between for different clinical specialists trying to make sense of their care.ConclusionMeaningful contact between HIV specialists and GPs is likely to allay concerns about competency as treatment and care decisions can be taken collaboratively between the GP, HIV specialist and patient. A key component of acceptable GP care for PWHIV is likely to be the application of long-term condition management approaches, which includes empowered patient self-management.
Carfilzomib and the cardiorenal system in myeloma: an endothelial effect?
Authors: Rosenthal A , Luthi J , Belohlavek M , Kortüm K M , Mookadam F , Mayo A , Fonseca R , Bergsagel P L , Reeder C B , Mikhael J R , Stewart A K 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCarfilzomib (Cfz) has been associated with an ~5% incidence of unexplained and unpredictable cardiovascular toxicity in clinical trials. We therefore implemented a detailed, prospective, clinical cardiac and renal evaluation of 62 Cfz-treated myeloma patients, including serial blood pressure (BP), creatinine, troponin, NT-proBNP and pre- and post-treatment echocardiograms, including ejection fraction (EF), average global longitudinal strain and compliance. Pre-treatment elevations in NT-proBNP and BP, as well as abnormal cardiac strain were common. A rise in NT-proBNP occurred frequently post-treatment often without corresponding cardiopulmonary symptoms. A rise in creatinine was common, lessened with hydration and often reversible. All patients had a normal EF pre-treatment. Five patients experienced a significant cardiac event (four decline in EF and one myocardial infarction), of which 2 (3.2%) were considered probably attributable to Cfz. None were rechallenged with Cfz. The ideal strategy for identifying patients at risk for cardiac events, and parameters by which to monitor for early toxicity have not been established; however, it appears baseline echocardiographic testing is not consistently predictive of toxicity. The toxicities observed suggest an endothelial mechanism and further clinical trials are needed to determine whether or not this represents a class effect or is Cfz specific.
2.4 GHz CMOS bandpass filter using active transmission line
Authors: Wang Sen , Chang Ren‐Hua 
Published: January 2016

A bandpasss filter (BPF) using active transmission lines (ATLs) in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology at the 2.4 GHz band is presented. The ATL consists of a passive transmission line which is loaded by Λ‐type circuits periodically. The ATL incorporating the Λ‐type circuits not only compensates its resistive losses but also increases the slow‐wave factors. Moreover, an inductor is also used in the BPF to improve the passband flatness and circuit instability. Under a power consumption of 21 mW, the BPF achieves 0.5 dB insertion loss at the centre frequency of 2.3 GHz, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 550 MHz.
High‐power LEDs using Ga‐doped ZnO current‐spreading layers
Authors: Mughal A.J. , Oh S. , Myzaferi A. , Nakamura S. , Speck J.S. , DenBaars S.P. 
Published: January 2016

The performance of LEDs with Ga‐doped ZnO (Ga:ZnO) and Sn‐doped In2O3 (ITO) current‐spreading layers (CSLs) has been evaluated at high injection current densities. LEDs with electron beam‐hydrothermally deposited Ga:ZnO transparent CSLs showed improved performance compared to electron beam deposited ITO at all current densities. External quantum efficiency and wall plug efficiency were both higher for blue emitting LEDs with ZnO. Luminous efficacy increased greatly for the ZnO‐based CSL with a peak value of 113 lm/W compared to 82 lm/W for the ITO‐based CSL, a 37% improvement.
Sensing surface morphology of biofibers by decorating spider silk and cellulosic filaments with nematic microdroplets
Authors: Aguirre Luis E. , de Oliveira Alexandre , Seč David , Čopar Simon , Almeida Pedro L. , Ravnik Miha , Godinho Maria Helena , Žumer Slobodan 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Biological microfibers are remarkable materials with diverse structural and mechanical properties, such as high wear-resistance, elasticity, and biodegradability. However, with current techniques, there are few robust ways to sense the surface properties of the fibers, which crucially affect the organization of the fibers and their interactions with the surrounding material. In this paper, we show that surfaces of diverse biofibers, including spider silks and cellulosic fibers, can be easily sensed by depositing droplets of a nematic fluid onto the fibers. The droplets reveal the surface properties of the fibers via their optical images, notably showing also the fiber chirality. Further, the droplets are used to study the entanglement of biofibers, as a route toward novel biological and bioinspired materials.
Environmental resources and the hotel industry: the case of Slovenia.
Authors: Mihalič T. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

This chapter explores the capacity of environmental resources to become a competitive advantage for the hotel industry, making an application to Slovenia. The chapter investigates whether hotel managers perceive environmental management techniques as a competitive factor of this business, and the level of priority they confer to these tools. The distinction between the actions of environmental quality management (EQM) and environmental impact management (EIM) is also investigated. In this context, the competitive advantage factor (CAF) model is expanded by a new factor, the environmental management and EQM and EIM components. The model is tested empirically in the case of the Slovenian hotel industry. The investigation provides a benchmark to measure the competitive advantages provided by environmental management techniques.
Understanding the seasonal concentration of tourist arrivals: the case of the south of Spain.
Authors: Cisneros-Martínez J. D. , Fernández-Morales A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

This chapter analyses the seasonal concentration of tourism in the region of Andalusia, southern Spain, over the period 1999-2013. Employing microdata based on tourist surveys, segments of visitors showing a clear counter-seasonal behaviour are identified. In particular, the chapter focuses on establishing the role that cultural tourism can play in confronting the seasonality of demand, attracting new visitors in low-season periods to the five coastal destinations under study.
Socio-economic profile of sustainable tourists and expenditure at destinations: a local-based analysis in Andalusia, Spain.
Authors: Cárdenas-García P. J. , Pulido-Fernández J. I. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

This chapter studies the profile of sustainable tourists and the expenditure patterns at destinations, using data from a survey of 1180 tourists who visited Andalusia, Spain, during 2013. The study begins by identifying the profile of a 'sustainable tourist'. Then, by means of a regression model, the determinants of expenditure are estimated on the basis of the sociodemographic characteristics of such sustainable tourists. The analysis is developed for particular destinations inside this region, the mid-sized cities. The chapter concludes by establishing a number of tourism policy proposals aimed at improving the tourism management of emerging mid-sized urban cultural destinations.
Facing the challenges of sustainability: the case of Bulgarian tourism.
Authors: Stankova M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

This chapter reviews the broader challenges of defining sustainability issues for a particular destination, in this case that of an emerging tourism country in Europe, Bulgaria. The search for an increasing level of revenues and development in an emerging destination is confronted in this chapter, along with the necessary sustainability issues that should be guiding the tourism life cycle of the destination. The review of previous experiences and the current situation underlines the need for the conscious and purposeful cooperation of all stakeholders, notably through the development of sustainable tourism strategic initiatives.
Transport simulations of the pre–thermal–quench phase in ASDEX Upgrade massive gas injection experiments
Authors: Fable E. , Pautasso G. , Lehnen M. , Dux R. , Bernert M. , Mlynek A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The pre–thermal–quench (PTQ) phase of the massive gas injection (MGI) scenario to terminate the tokamak plasma discharge is studied by means of one-dimensional (1D) transport simulations. This phase is characterized by the cold–front penetration in the hot plasma after the gas has been released from the valves, and before the actual thermal quench takes place, with consequent plasma disruption at lower stored energy. The comparison between the simulations and the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) experiments allows to gain insight in the observed dependencies and time scales. Despite the genuine three-dimensional structure of the problem, it is shown that the 1D simulations are already giving experimentally relevant answers, the reason for which will be discussed in detail. Influence of unknown parameters and simplifying assumptions are also discussed.
2D Doppler backscattering using synthetic aperture microwave imaging of MAST edge plasmas
Authors: Thomas D.A. , Brunner K.J. , Freethy S.J. , Huang B.K. , Shevchenko V.F. , Vann R.G.L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Doppler backscattering (DBS) is already established as a powerful diagnostic; its extension to 2D enables imaging of turbulence characteristics from an extended region of the cut-off surface. The Synthetic Aperture Microwave Imaging (SAMI) diagnostic has conducted proof-of-principle 2D DBS experiments of MAST edge plasma. SAMI actively probes the plasma edge using a wide (±40° vertical and horizontal) and tuneable (10–34.5 GHz) beam. The Doppler backscattered signal is digitised in vector form using an array of eight Vivaldi PCB antennas. This allows the receiving array to be focused in any direction within the field of view simultaneously to an angular range of 6–24° FWHM at 10–34.5 GHz. This capability is unique to SAMI and is a novel way of conducting DBS experiments. In this paper the feasibility of conducting 2D DBS experiments is explored. Initial observations of phenomena previously measured by conventional DBS experiments are presented; such as momentum injection from neutral beams and an abrupt change in power and turbulence velocity coinciding with the onset of H-mode. In addition, being able to carry out 2D DBS imaging allows a measurement of magnetic pitch angle to be made; preliminary results are presented. Capabilities gained through steering a beam using a phased array and the limitations of this technique are discussed.
Intermittency of energy dissipation in Alfvénic turbulence
Authors: Zhdankin Vladimir , Boldyrev Stanislav , Chen Christopher H. K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We investigate the intermittency of energy dissipation in Alfvénic turbulence by considering the statistics of the coarse-grained energy dissipation rate, using direct measurements from numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and surrogate measurements from the solar wind. We compare the results to the predictions of the log-normal and log-Poisson random cascade models. We find that, to a very good approximation, the log-normal model describes the probability density function for the energy dissipation over a broad range of scales, but does not accurately describe the scaling exponents of the moments. The log-Poisson model better describes the scaling exponents of the moments, while the comparison with the probability density function is not straightforward.
Seeing double: the frequency and detectability of double-peaked superluminous supernova light curves
Authors: Nicholl M. , Smartt S. J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The discovery of double-peaked light curves in some superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) offers an important new clue to their origins. We examine the published photometry of all Type Ic SLSNe, finding 14 objects with constraining data or limits around the time of explosion. Of these, eight (including the already identified SN 2006oz and LSQ14bdq) show plausible flux excess at the earliest epochs, which deviate by 2–9σ from polynomial fits to the rising light curves. Simple scaling of the LSQ14bdq data show that they are all consistent with a similar double-peaked structure. PS1-10pm provides multicolour UV data indicating a temperature of Tbb = 25000 ± 5000 K during the early ‘bump’ phase. We find that a double-peak cannot be excluded in any of the other six objects, and that this behaviour may be ubiquitous. The homogeneity of the observed bumps is unexpected for interaction-powered models. Engine-powered models can explain the observations if all progenitors have extended radii or the central engine drives shock breakout emission several days after the supernova explosion.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Anatomic Variations in the Sacral Hiatus
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Park Jung Hyun , Lee Sang Chul 
Published: January 2016

Study Design.
Prospective study

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate variations in the sacral hiatus based on ultrasonographic images.

Summary of Background Data.
Caudal epidural injection is commonly used for the treatment of lower back pain, but blind injections commonly lead to mistakes made at the injection site due to anatomic variations in the sacral hiatus.

Methods.
A total of 339 patients with low back pain or sciatica were studied using a linear-array ultrasound transducer. The transducer was placed at the sacral cornua and the distance between the bilateral cornua and the width of the sacrococcygeal ligament between the bilateral cornua were measured in the transverse view. The transducer was also placed between the two cornua and the distance between the skin and posterior sacral bony surface was measured, including the depth of the subcutaneous fat, in the longitudinal view. The surface distance was then measured from the natal cleft to the apex of the sacral hiatus.

Results.
The mean distance between the bilateral cornua was 18.1 ± 3.2 mm and mean width of the sacrococcygeal ligament was 10.5 ± 2.6 mm. The mean diameter of the sacral canal was 6.8 ± 2.5 mm but 6 of 339 patients (1.8%) found less than 2 mm. The mean surface distance from the natal cleft to the apex of the sacral hiatus was 29.3 ± 12.3 mm. The distance between the sacral hiatus and the natal cleft ranged from −2.0 to 75.0 mm.

Conclusion.
We believe that the variations found in the surface distance from the natal cleft to the sacral hiatus are significant for caudal epidural injection. However, the other measurements may also have clinical importance in this area.

Level of Evidence: 3
Rapid and Specific Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by Immunostaining of Tissues and Aspirates With Anti-MPT64
Authors: Purohit Manju R. , Sviland Lisbet , Wiker Harald , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes about 15% to 20% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB). The confirmation of EPTB has always been a challenge to laboratory personnel. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic potential of immunostaining with anti-MPT64 in various EPTB specimens.

Materials and Methods:
We studied a total of 51 TB cases and 38 non-TB control specimens comprising of fine-needle aspirates and formalin-fixed biopsies. These were investigated using a combination of the Ziehl-Neelsen method, the Lowenstein-Jensen culture, immunostaining with anti-MPT64 and anti-BCG, and nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for IS6110. Results of all the tests were compared using nested-PCR as the gold standard.

Results:
Diagnostic validation of immunostaining for anti-MPT64 was performed using nested-PCR as the gold standard. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for immunostaining with anti-MPT64 were 100%, 97%, 97%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Immunostaining using anti-MPT64 is a rapid and sensitive method for establishing an early and specific diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The technique is simple to be incorporated into routine pathology laboratories.
IMP3 Immunoreactivity is More Sensitive Than AMACR in Detecting Dysplastic Epithelium and Early Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Gadara Manoj R. , Gonzalez Maria , Cartun Richard W. , Ligato Saverio 
Published: January 2016

Context:
α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) and insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) are 2 markers helpful in detecting difficult cases of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus (BE). However, no comparison studies have been performed to assess their performance in the same patient population.

Objectives:
The aim of our study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of IMP3 and AMACR in dysplastic lesions and early adenocarcinoma (EAC) arising in BE and evaluate their sensitivity and specificity.

Design:
A total of 98 cases [BE negative for dysplasia, n=24; indefinite for dysplasia (BE-IND), n=18; low-grade dysplasia (LGD), n=24; high-grade dysplasia (HGD), n=16; and EAC, n=16] were immunostained for AMACR and IMP3 and evaluated for the degree, the extent, and the intensity of staining.

Results:
No immunoreactivity for AMACR or IMP3 was observed in all 24 cases of BE negative for dyplasia. One of 18 (5.5%) cases of BE-IND was positive for IMP3, but all were negative for AMACR. AMACR and IMP3 were positive in 16.7% versus 41.7 % of the cases with BE-LGD, 25% versus 62.5% of BE-HGD, and 62.5% versus 93.7% of EAC, respectively. The sensitivity of AMACR and IMP3 for the detection of dysplasia in BE is 16.7% and 41.7% for LGD, 25% and 62.5% for HGD, and 62.5% and 93.7% in EAC, respectively. The specificity is 100% for both markers. In addition, a comparison of the intensity of reactivity shows a better result with IMP3 (36/98, 36.7%) than with AMACR (18/98, 18.4%) (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
IMP3 has a similar specificity, but a better sensitivity, intensity, and extent of reactivity in comparison with AMACR, and may be used as an alternative to AMACR, in support of the diagnosis of BE-dysplasia and EAC.