bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of antipsychotics on intestinal motility in zebrafish larvae
Authors: de Alvarenga K. A. F. , Sacramento E. K. , Rosa D. V. , Souza B. R. , de Rezende V. B. , Romano‐Silva M. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAntipsychotics are essential for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, due to side effects, both continuity of treatment and patients' general health can be jeopardized. Some of these drugs, especially clozapine, have a class of side effects attributed to their antimuscarinic properties, such as dysmotility, a condition in which muscles of the digestive system become impaired. Dysmotility may also alter the speed, strength or coordination of the digestive organs, causing distention, disturbing gastrointestinal transit, leading to symptoms such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, and even malnutrition. In this study, our aim was to develop an in vivo assay capable of identifying and studying the antimuscarinic effects of antipsychotics in a zebrafish model.MethodsWe performed video recordings of in vivo 5‐day postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae gastrointestinal tracts and analyzed the frequency of spontaneous and regular cycles of contractions of the gut.Key ResultsThe assay was first validated with treatment with atropine. We showed that this antimuscarinic drug reduces peristaltic cycles. Subsequently, the larvae were treated with the antipsychotics haloperidol, risperidone, and clozapine. Neither haloperidol nor risperidone reduced gut motility, but clozapine significantly reduced the frequency of cycles of contractions (P<.0001), which confirms the existing clinical data.Conclusions & InferencesWe conclude that this zebrafish assay efficiently identifies anticholinergic side effects of antipsychotics, and can thus be a quick and useful way to screen for this property in new drugs.
Arrhythmias in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: What Are Risk Factors for Specific Arrhythmias?
Authors: LOOMBA ROHIT S. , BUELOW MATTHEW W. , AGGARWAL SAURABH , ARORA ROHIT R. , KOVACH JOSHUA , GINDE SALIL 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionAn increasing number of patients with congenital heart disease are now surviving into adulthood. This has also led to the emergence of complications from the underlying congenital heart disease, related surgical interventions, and associated combordities. While the prevalence of particular arrhythmias with specific congenital heart disease has been previously described, a detailed analysis of all lesions and a large number of comorbidities has not been previously published.MethodsAdmissions with congenital heart disease were identified in the National Inpatient Sample. Associated comorbidities were also identified for these patients. Univariate analysis was done to compare those risk factors associated with specific arrhythmias in the setting of congenital heart disease. Next, regression analysis was done to identify what patient characteristics and comorbidities were associated with increased risk of specific arrhythmias.ResultsA total of 52,725,227 admissions were included in the analysis. Of these, 109,168 (0.21%) had congenital heart disease. Of those with congenital heart disease, 27,088 (25%) had an arrhythmia at some point. The most common arrhythmia in those with congenital heart disease was atrial fibrillation, which was noted in 86% of those with arrhythmia followed by atrial flutter which was noted in 20% of those with congenital heart disease. The largest burden of arrhythmia was found to be in those with tricuspid atresia with a 51% prevalence of arrhythmia in this group followed by Ebstein anomaly which had an arrhythmia prevalence of 39%. Increasing age, male gender, double outlet right ventricle, atrioventricular septal defect, heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition, and tetralogy of Fallot were frequently noted to be independent risk factors of specific arrhythmias.ConclusionApproximately, 25% of adult admissions with congenital heart disease are associated with arrhythmia. The burden of arrhythmia varies by the specific lesion and other risk factors as well. Understanding of these can help in risk stratification and can help devise strategies to lower this risk.
Molecular mapping of soybean seed tocopherols in the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’
Authors: Shaw Eric J. , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is cultivated primarily for its protein and oil in the seed. In addition, soybean seeds contain nutraceutical compounds such as tocopherols (vitamin E), which are powerful antioxidants with health benefits. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect accumulation of soybean seed tocopherols. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’ was grown in three locations over 2 years. A total of 151 SSR markers were polymorphic of which a one‐way analysis of variance identified 42 markers whereas composite interval mapping identified 26 markers linked to tocopherol QTL across 17 chromosomes. Individual QTL explained from 7% to 42% of the total phenotypic variation. Significant two‐locus epistatic interactions were identified for a total of 122 combinations in 2009 and 152 in 2010. The multiple‐locus models explained 18.4–72.2% of the total phenotypic variation. The reported QTL may be used in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) to develop high tocopherol soybean cultivars.
Utility of the Hemangioma Severity Scale as a Triage Tool and Predictor of Need for Treatment
Authors: Mull Jamie L. , Chamlin Sarah L. , Lai Jin‐Shei , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Cella David , Rancour Elizabeth A. , Baselga Eulalia , Haggstrom Anita N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are commonly encountered in primary care and most often remain asymptomatic, resolving without sequelae. Certain characteristics are associated with a greater risk of complications, associated anomalies, and disfigurement. The heterogeneous presentation poses a clinical challenge for physicians in determining the need for treatment and subspecialty referral. This study aims to evaluate the utility of the previously published Hemangioma Severity Scale (HSS) to predict the need for treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study included 106 patients with IHs seen in the Indiana University Dermatology Clinic in 2011. Data from electronic medical records and clinical photographs taken at patients' initial visits were used to score the hemangiomas using the HSS. Treatments used over 9 to 14 months of follow‐up were recorded.ResultsFour HSS score subgroups were identified. Higher HSS scores correlated with the need for treatment; 98% of patients with HSS scores of 10 or greater received local or systemic therapy. Higher HSS scores also correlated with greater frequency of complications and risks of associated structural anomalies and permanent disfigurement. Scores did not correlate with sex, age at initial presentation, history of bleeding or pain, or IH size.ConclusionsThe HSS may be a useful tool for primary care physicians in identifying high‐risk IHs that may benefit from therapy. This easy‐to‐use scale can improve clinical outcomes by identifying which patients need intervention to minimize complications. IHs with total HSS scores of 6 or greater should be referred for subspecialty evaluation.
Plaque‐Like Myofibroblastic Tumor of Infancy: A New Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alesini Francesco , Soda Giuseppe , Gianno Francesca , Boscarelli Alessandro , Cozzi Denis A. , Bosco Sandro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPlaque‐like myofibroblastic tumor of infancy is a rare entity, with only a few reports described in the literature. Herein we present a new case of a nodular plaque‐like lesion of the left lower back in an 18‐month‐old boy. The lesion might initially be thought to be a dermatofibroma, but the overall characteristics suggested the diagnosis of plaque‐like myofibroblastic tumor of infancy. We also provide a summary of previous reports in the literature about this exceptional tumor.
Evaluation of Cutaneous Findings in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kaya Erdogan Hilal , Fıdan Saniye Tulin , Bulur Isil , Karapınar Tekden , Saracoglu Zeynep Nurhan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention, concentration, mobility, and impulse control problems and is among the most frequently seen psychiatric disorders during childhood. Our aim was to evaluate cutaneous findings in children and adolescents with ADHD. In our study we found that onychophagy, traumatic skin changes, atopy and related symptoms, certain birthmarks, and acne were frequent cutaneous findings in children with ADHD. Although a limitation is the lack of a control group, ADHD is very common, and our study suggests that further studies of cutaneous findings and ADHD are warranted.
Neonatal Subgaleal Hematoma from Trauma During Vaginal Delivery without Instrument Use
Authors: Liu Lucy Y. , Antaya Richard J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeonatal subgaleal hematomas (SGHs) are rare but potentially life‐threatening complications of vacuum extraction deliveries. We report a rare case of four enlarging SGHs in an 11‐day‐old boy born without use of instruments during delivery. It is likely that trauma from the provider's fingers caused these SGHs during a normal vaginal delivery. Ultrasound findings confirmed the diagnosis of SGH, distinct from other birth trauma such as cephalohematoma or caput succedaneum.
Familial Progressive Hyperpigmentation, Cutaneous Mastocytosis, and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor as Clinical Manifestations of Mutations in the c‐KIT Receptor Gene
Authors: Piqueres‐Zubiaurre Tatiana , Martínez de Lagrán Zuriñe , González‐Pérez Ricardo , Urtaran‐Ibarzabal Amaia , Perez de Nanclares Guiomar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundFamilial progressive hyperpigmentation (FPH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the appearance of hyperpigmented patches on the skin from early infancy that increase in size and number with age.MethodsWe report the clinical and molecular studies of an 11‐year‐old boy who had areas of hyperpigmentation since birth that had spread across his body as irregular hyperpigmented macules and papules, and include relevant history in family members.ResultsAffected members of his family shared a mutation in the c‐KIT gene. All had progressive hyperpigmentation, in some cases accompanied by gastrointestinal stromal tumors and mastocytoma. There have been few reports of familial progressive hyperpigmentation together with systemic manifestations.ConclusionsMolecular analysis of c‐KIT should be considered in the presence of FPH with systemic involvement.
Nematodes and human therapeutic trials for inflammatory disease
Authors: Elliott D. E. , Weinstock J. V. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryHelminth infections likely provide a protective influence against some immune‐mediated and metabolic diseases because helminth infection dramatically decreased in developed countries shortly before the explosive rise in the prevalence of these diseases. The capacity of helminths to activate immune‐regulatory circuits in their hosts and to modulate the composition of intestinal flora appears to be the mechanisms of protective action. Animal models of disease show that various helminth species prevent and/or block inflammation in various organs in a diverse range of diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that medicinal exposure to Trichuris suis or small numbers of Necator americanus is safe with minor, if any, reported adverse effects. This includes exposure of inflamed intestine to T. suis, asthmathic lung to N. americanus and in patients with atopy. Efficacy has been suggested in some small studies, but is absent in others. Factors that may have led to inconclusive results in some trials are discussed. To date, there have been no registered clinical trials using helminths to treat metabolic syndrome or its component conditions. However, the excellent safety profile of T. suis or N. americanus suggests that such studies should be possible.
Desiccation‐induced changes in photochemical processes of photosynthesis and spectral reflectance in Nostoc commune (Cyanobacteria, Nostocales) colonies from polar regions
Authors: Trnková Kateřina , Barták Miloš 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYCyanobacterium Nostoc commune is a species highly resistant against desiccation. In this study, we investigated changes in photochemical processes of photosynthesis and spectral reflectance indices during controlled desiccation of the colonies from Antarctica. In a dehydration process, water potential (WP) reached −3 MPa and values of potential (F
v/F
m) and effective quantum yields (ΦPSII) of photosystem II were kept to high value until 90% of water was lost from the colony, and these values decreased rapidly by further loss of water. This indicates that the colony loses water mostly from the exopolysaccharidic envelope, not from cells during the initial part of dehydration (relative water content, RWC = 100–10%). Other suggestions of inhibition of photosynthetic processes after 90% loss of water were the increase of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F
p/F
s. The F
m′ was higher than F
m in hydrated colonies because of state transition which change energy distribution between PS I and PS II, but decreased to same level as F
m in dehydrated colonies. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) showed concave‐ and convex‐curvilinear relationship with RWC, respectively. The changes of NDVI values were, however, statistically insignificant. PRI values were predominantly below 0 because of phycobiliprotein involvement. These results were compared with the same species in the Arctic region. This is, according to our best knowledge, the first measurement of changes in spectral reflectance indices during desiccation of cyanobacteria.
Antimicrobial activity of the acidophilic eukaryotic microalga Coccomyxa onubensis
Authors: Navarro Francisco , Forján Eduardo , Vázquez María , Toimil Alberto , Montero Zaida , Ruiz‐Domínguez María del C. , Garbayo Inés , Castaño Miguel Á. , Vílchez Carlos , Vega José M. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYExtremophilic microalgae are unexplored as a source of pharmaceuticals despite the fact that its biomass can be produced at large scale with low risk of contamination. A significant amount of antimicrobial activity was produced by extracts obtained from the eukaryotic acidophilic microalgae Coccomyxa onubensis in non‐polar solvents, such as hexane, diethyl ether, and chloroform or in weakly polar solvents, such as dichloromethane, against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, and also the yeast Candida albicans. The most effective activity was shown by chloroform extract against Escherichia coli S, Salmonella enterica, and Proteus mirabilis; hexane extract against P. mirabilis, Sa. enterica, and Ca. albicans; dichloromethane extract against Sa. enterica or diethyl ether extract against E. coli S and the Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus MB. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values were recorded against E. coli S (305 μg mL −1) and P. mirabilis (153 μg mL −1) (using chloroform extract) and against P. mirabilis (106 μg mL−1) (using hexane extract). Fatty acids, but not carotenoids, seem to be involved in the antimicrobial activity of this microalga. However, further biochemical and biotechnological studies must be conducted in order to characterize and purify the bioactive principles from Co. onubensis for assessing its potential as a pharmaceutical source and feasibility of production.
Biomarker Detection and Categorization in Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing Meta-Analysis Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models
Authors: Ma Tianzhou , Liang Faming , Tseng George C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryMeta-analysis combining multiple transcriptomic studies increases statistical power and accuracy in detecting differentially expressed genes. As the next-generation sequencing experiments become mature and affordable, increasing numbers of ribonucleic acid sequencing (‘RNA-seq’) data sets are becoming available in the public domain. Count-data-based technology provides better experimental accuracy, reproducibility and ability to detect low expressed genes. A naive approach to combine multiple RNA-seq studies is to apply differential analysis tools such as edgeR and DESeq to each study and then to combine the summary statistics of p-values or effect sizes by conventional meta-analysis methods. Such a two-stage approach loses statistical power, especially for genes with short length or low expression abundance. We propose a full Bayesian hierarchical model (namely, BayesMetaSeq) for RNA-seq meta-analysis by modelling count data, integrating information across genes and across studies, and modelling potentially heterogeneous differential signals across studies via latent variables. A Dirichlet process mixture prior is further applied on the latent variables to provide categorization of detected biomarkers according to their differential expression patterns across studies, facilitating improved interpretation and biological hypothesis generation. Simulations and a real application on multiple brain region human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transgenic rats demonstrate improved sensitivity, accuracy and biological findings of the method.
Concession and Secession: Constitutional Bargaining Failure in Post‐Communist Czechoslovakia
Authors: Basta Karlo , Bustikova Lenka 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article explains the dissolution of Czechoslovak federation. It shows that the breakdown in bargaining between Slovakia and the federal center in Prague resulted from the federal institutional framework, differences in fiscal policy preferences and elite patronage incentives to monopolize the spoils of state property sell‐offs. Relatively less developed minority regions often seek greater autonomy in order to redress their economic backwardness through interventionist economic and social policies. Due to its veto powers, Slovakia was able to block central legislation, setting the stage for the divorce. At the same time, the federal government in the center was committed to a laissez‐faire strategy of governance, which precluded any significant accommodation of the periphery. (Mostly) Czech politicians understood that yielding to Slovak claims would threaten to undercut their pro‐market strategy and diminish Prague's exclusive access to the spoils of market reforms. In terms of the bargaining model, the center was not dependent on the periphery, which possessed a credible exit option. In fact, the periphery was perceived as a hindrance to the center's ability to pursue its fiscal goals and a fast economic transition, and as limiting Prague's exclusive access to a nascent revolving door between the upper echelons in politics and business.
A combination method of hydrofluoric acid, oxalate and NaOH‐EDTA extractions to determine phosphorus species in soil by 31P‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kobayashi K. , Takamoto A. , Hashimoto Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of selective extraction methods in combination with solution phosphorus‐31 (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the determination of organic phosphorus (Po) species in soil. Inositol hexakisphosphates (IHP) and glucose 6‐phosphate (GP) were identified in the soil. IHP adsorbed to both soil organic matter (SOM) and short‐range order (SRO) minerals, whereas GP adsorbed only to SOM. These results suggest that Po hosting phases are different depending on Po species.
Phylogeny of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters
Authors: LANTERI ANALIA A. , DEL RIO MARIA G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNaupactini (Curculionidae: Entiminae) is a primarily Neotropical tribe of broad‐nosed weevils with its highest genus and species diversity in South America. Despite several taxonomic contributions published during the last decades, the evolutionary history of Naupactini remains poorly understood. We present the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for this tribe based on a data matrix of 100 adult morphological characters scored for 70 species, representing 55 genera of Naupactini (ingroup) and four outgroups belonging to the entimine tribes Otiorhynchini, Entimini, Eustylini and Tanymecini. According to the most parsimonious tree Artipus does not belong to Naupactini; the genera with flat and broad antennae, formerly assigned to other entimine tribes, form a monophyletic group (Saurops (Curiades (Aptolemus (Platyomus)))) related to the clade (Megalostylus (Megalostylodes (Chamaelops Wagneriella))); and the genera distributed along the high Andes, Paramos and Puna form a natural group (Asymmathetes (Amphideritus (Leschenius (Amitrus (Obrieniolus (Melanocyphus Trichocyphus)))))), nested within a larger clade that includes Pantomorus, Naupactus and allied genera. Atrichonotus, Hoplopactus, Mimographus and Naupactus are not recovered as monophyletic. In order to address the taxonomic implications of our phylogenetic analysis, we propose the following nomenclatural changes: to transfer Artipus from Naupactini to Geonemini, to revalidate the genera Mimographopsis (type species M. viridicans), and to revalidate the genus Floresianus (type species F. sordidus). The evolution of selected characters is discussed.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C8AA4388‐A2F0‐4E2D‐889A‐500BEA5A9DE1.
Limited HLA sequence variation outside of antigen recognition domain exons of 360 10 of 10 matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant donor‐recipient pairs
Authors: Hou L. , Vierra‐Green C. , Lazaro A. , Brady C. , Haagenson M. , Spellman S. , Hurley C. K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTraditional DNA‐based typing focuses primarily on interrogating the exons of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes that form the antigen recognition domain (ARD). The relevance of mismatching donor and recipient for HLA variation outside the ARD on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of variation outside the ARD in 10 of 10 (HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1) matched unrelated donor transplant pairs (n = 360). Next‐generation DNA sequencing was used to characterize both HLA exons and introns for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C alleles; exons 2, 3 and the intervening intron for HLA‐DRB1 and exons only for HLA‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1. Over 97% of alleles at each locus were matched for their nucleotide sequence outside of the ARD exons. Of the 4320 allele comparisons overall, only 17 allele pairs were mismatched for non‐ARD exons, 41 for noncoding regions and 9 for ARD exons. The observed variation between donor and recipient usually involved a single nucleotide difference (88% of mismatches); 88% of the non‐ARD exon variants impacted the amino acid sequence. The impact of amino acid sequence variation caused by substitutions in exons outside ARD regions in D–R pairs will be difficult to assess in HSCT outcome studies because these mismatches do not occur very frequently.