bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between diabetic status and risk of acute pancreatitis: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Chung Kwang Hyun , Cho In Rae , Choi Young Hoon , Cho Young Deok , Ryu Ji Kon , Lee Sang Hyub , Han Kyungdo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere have been several epidemiologic studies on the association between diabetes mellitus and acute pancreatitis. However, there is no solid evidence, and the effect of diabetes mellitus severity on acute pancreatitis incidence is not well known. This study aimed to evaluate the association between diabetic status and the risk of acute pancreatitis in a nationwide population‐based cohort.MethodsAmong the participants who underwent national health examinations between 2009 and 2012, patients with diabetes mellitus were included. Patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis before the health examination or diagnosed with pancreatitis within 1 year following the examination were excluded. The association between the number of oral hypoglycemic agents (<3 or ≥3) or insulin use during examination and acute pancreatitis occurrence was analyzed after follow‐up until December 31, 2018.ResultsOverall, 2,444,254 patients were included in the final analysis. During the follow‐up period, acute pancreatitis occurred in 10,360 patients with an incidence ratio of 0.585 per 1,000 person‐years, and it was observed that the risk of acute pancreatitis sequentially increased between patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents <3 (incidence ratio = 0.546), those taking ≥3 (incidence ratio = 0.665), and those using insulin (incidence ratio = 0.872). The adjusted hazard ratios of patients taking three or more hypoglycemic agents and those using insulin were 1.196 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.123–1.273) and 1.493 (95% CI 1.398–1.594), respectively.ConclusionsAs diabetes mellitus severity increases, the risk of acute pancreatitis increases.
Differential expression of the type III secretion system genes in Yersinia ruckeri: Preliminary investigations in different environmental conditions
Authors: Rahmatelahi Hadis , Menanteau‐Ledouble Simon , Holzer Astrid S. , El‐Matbouli Mansour , Saleh Mona 
Published: September 2024

AbstractType III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence system in Gram‐negative bacteria. In this investigation, different environmental conditions that regulate the expression of T3SS genes in Yersinia ruckeri were investigated aimed at obtaining a better understanding about its modulation after various environmental challenges. Four isolates of Y. ruckeri CSF007‐82, ATCC29473, A7959‐11 and YRNC10 were cultivated under the diverse in vitro challenges iron depletion, high salt, low pH and in the presence of fish serum or in the fish cell culture (Chinook Salmon Embryo – CHSE). The transcriptional modulation of the chromosomal genes ysaV, ysaC, ysaJ and prgH of ysa were investigated using quantitative real‐time PCR. The expression of prgH, ysaV, ysaC and ysaJ was differentially expressed in all four strains under evaluation. The highest gene expression levels were observed for Y. ruckeri YRNC10 AN after addition of 0.3 M NaCl in Luria Bertani broth. The results obtained from this study provide initial insights into T3SS responses in Y. ruckeri, which pave the way for further studies aimed at expanding our knowledge on the functional roles of the T3SS genes in Y. ruckeri.
Diabetes risk reduction diet and risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhao Longgang , Jung Su Yon , Pichardo Margaret S. , Lopez‐Pentecost Melissa , Rohan Thomas E. , Saquib Nazmus , Sun Yangbo , Tabung Fred K. , Zheng Tongzhang , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Manson JoAnn E. , Neuhouser Marian L , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) score and the risk of liver cancer development and chronic liver disease‐specific mortality.MethodsWe included 98,786 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative‐Observational Study and the usual diet arm of the Diet Modification trial. The DRRD score was derived from eight factors: high intakes of dietary fiber, coffee, nuts, polyunsaturated fatty acids, low intakes of red and processed meat, foods with high glycemic index, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs), and trans fat based on a validated Food‐Frequency Questionnaire administered at baseline (1993–1998). Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results and conclusionAfter a median follow‐up of 22.0 years, 216 incident liver cancer cases and 153 chronic liver disease deaths were confirmed. A higher DRRD score was significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing liver cancer (HRTertile 3 vs. Tertile 1 = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49–0.97; Ptrend = 0.03) and chronic liver disease mortality (HRT3 vs. T1 = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35–0.82; Ptrend = 0.003). We further found inverse associations with dietary fiber and coffee, and positive associations with dietary glycemic index, SSBs, and trans fat. A higher DRRD score was associated with reduced risk of developing liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality among postmenopausal women.
Neuroticism is Associated With Greater Affective Variability at High Levels of Momentary Affective Well‐Being, but With Lower Affective Variability at Low Levels of Momentary Affective Well‐Being
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Ringwald Whitney R. , Kaurin Aleksandra , Tüscher Oliver , Kubiak Thomas , Wright Aidan G. C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveResearch challenged the notion that neuroticism correlates with affective variability, suggesting that it may result from statistical artifacts due to the non‐normal distribution of negative affect. We aim to advance this line of research by (a) introducing affect balance as a normally distributed measure of affective well‐being and (b) examining current affect balance as a moderator of the relationship between neuroticism and affect balance variability.MethodWe meta‐analyzed the results of 14 ambulatory assessment datasets (N = 2389 participants, N = 174,423 observations).ResultsWe found that while the associations between the mean and affective variability were large for negative affect, they were much smaller for affect balance. Moreover, the association between neuroticism and variability in negative affect was very small, yet medium‐sized for affect balance. Importantly, the latter association depended on current affect levels: Participants high relative to low in neuroticism showed stronger subsequent fluctuations in affect balance when currently feeling better than usual, but weaker subsequent fluctuations in (and thus more persistent) affect balance when currently feeling worse than usual.ConclusionIncreased variability should not be seen as a bad sign but may be a sign that an affective system is changing, which may be adaptive or maladaptive for an individual, depending on the initial state of the system.
‘Like walking with someone as opposed to trying to catch up to them’—Dynamics at play when clinicians and young people formulate together
Authors: Douglas Laura J. , Aherne Cian , Ryan Patrick , Coughlan Barry , Fortune Donal G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the social process of formulation in talk therapy between young people and clinicians.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interview study.MethodTen young people (male = 6, female = 4, age range = 16–23 years) and nine clinicians from various disciplines within a youth mental health service were interviewed. Constructivist grounded theory was used for the analysis.ResultsFour themes were constructed from the data; a ‘level playing field’ between young person and clinician enables formulation, formulating is a constant process of getting it right and getting it wrong, emotional expression and attunement get us closer to each other and to understanding, and ‘formulation versus diagnosis’ can create tension in the therapy room. The constructivist grounded theory devised demonstrated how the dynamics of power, collaboration, openness, and the therapeutic relationship are constantly in flux during the process of formulation.ConclusionThe paper presents a constructivist grounded theory which incorporates dynamics relating to power, collaboration, and openness. The importance of the therapeutic relationship is also emphasised. The theory encourages continuous and recursive personal reflection by the therapist as to how they can be optimally attuned to the dynamics of power, collaboration, and openness with young people.
Mentalizing individuals, families and systems: Towards a translational socioecological approach
Authors: Luyten Patrick , Malcorps Saskia , Bateman Anthony , Fonagy Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMentalization‐based treatment (MBT) is a spectrum of interventions that share a central focus on improving the capacity for mentalizing. Although MBT was originally developed as a treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder, its scope and focus have been broadened to become a socioecological approach that stresses the role of broader sociocultural factors in determining the closely related capacities for mentalizing and epistemic trust. This special issue brings together some of the newest developments in MBT that illustrate this shift. These contributions also highlight several current limitations in mentalization‐based approaches, providing important pointers for further research. In this editorial, we first outline the broadening scope of the mentalizing approach, and then provide a discussion of each of the contributions to this special issue in the context of the need for further research concerning some of the key assumptions of mentalization‐based approaches and their implementation in clinical practice. We close this editorial with considerations concerning future research.
Suburban Autonomy? The Case of Inter‐Suburban Commuting Outside Prague
Authors: Zévl Jiří‐Jakub , Ouředníček Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to map daily mobility to work and services within the suburban zone of Prague and to explain temporal changes in the structuration of the suburban zone during the day. This involves the identification of local centres outside Prague's administrative boundaries, defining their catchment areas, and exploring the temporal variability of daily mobility. Using mobile phone data, the paper identifies the main flows of commuting to work and mobility for services or leisure activities. The focus on two distinct timeframes presented in two synthetic maps compares the mobility patterns of these activities. Empirical findings identify 53 local centres of inter‐suburban mobility and delimitate their commuting areas. Noticeable variation in mobility patterns throughout the day was observed. Beyond empirical insights relevant to Prague and similar Central and Eastern European cities, the paper contributes to theoretical knowledge by introducing a hierarchical classification of mobility relationships within metropolitan areas.
Structural variation discovery in wheat using PacBio high‐fidelity sequencing
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Zhang Jijin , Kang Lipeng , Qiu Xuebing , Xu Song , Xu Jun , Guo Yafei , Niu Zelin , Niu Beirui , Bi Aoyue , Zhao Xuebo , Xu Daxing , Wang Jing , Yin Changbin , Lu Fei 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYStructural variations (SVs) pervade plant genomes and contribute substantially to the phenotypic diversity. However, most SVs were ineffectively assayed due to their complex nature and the limitations of early genomic technologies. By applying the PacBio high‐fidelity (HiFi) sequencing for wheat genomes, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of mainstream long‐read aligners and SV callers in SV detection. The results indicated that the accuracy of deletion discovery is markedly influenced by callers, accounting for 87.73% of the variance, whereas both aligners (38.25%) and callers (49.32%) contributed substantially to the accuracy variance for insertions. Among the aligners, Winnowmap2 and NGMLR excelled in detecting deletions and insertions, respectively. For SV callers, SVIM achieved the best performance. We demonstrated that combining the aligners and callers mentioned above is optimal for SV detection. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of sequencing depth on the accuracy of SV detection, revealing that low‐coverage HiFi sequencing is sufficiently robust for high‐quality SV discovery. This study thoroughly evaluated SV discovery approaches and established optimal workflows for investigating structural variations using low‐coverage HiFi sequencing in the wheat genome, which will advance SV discovery and decipher the biological functions of SVs in wheat and many other plants.
The efficacy and effectiveness of drinking interventions to reduce vasovagal reactions in blood donors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Remoortel Hans , Van de Sande Dieter , Maes Dieter , Khoudary Jina , Tavernier Veerle , Tiberghien Pierre , De Buck Emmy , Compernolle Veerle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood establishments strive to ensure the safety and comfort of blood donors while minimizing adverse events. This review aims to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of eating and/or drinking interventions before, during and/or after blood donation in reducing vasovagal reactions (VVRs).Materials and MethodsWe analysed randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials comparing eating and/or drinking interventions to no intervention, placebo or usual practice on (pre‐)syncopal VVRs and related symptoms. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the risk of bias and overall certainty of the evidence.ResultsPre‐donation water ingestion likely results in reduced on‐site VVRs, compared to no water (2 fewer per 100 donors, moderate‐certainty evidence). A pre‐donation isotonic drink likely results in reduced VVRs, compared to usual practice (2 fewer per 100 donors, moderate‐certainty evidence). Pre‐donation salt‐loaded sweetened lemon water may result in fewer off‐site VVRs, compared to sweetened lemon water only (1 fewer per 100 donors, low‐certainty evidence). Pre‐donation water and a gel cap containing sucrose with 250 mg caffeine may result in fewer blood donor reaction ratings, compared to pre‐donation water only (low‐certainty evidence).ConclusionsPre‐donation plain water ingestion or isotonic drink probably results in a large reduction in on‐site and off‐site VVRs. Pre‐donation water ingestion with caffeine consumption or salt supplementation may result in a VVR reduction, compared to water ingestion only. Future large trials are required to increase the certainty of the effect of these and other interventions in the prevention of VVRs.
An Intra-Abdominal Catheter Placement Device With Automatic and Accurate Mechanical Indication of Abdominal Cavity Entry for Laparoscopic Telesurgery
Authors: Hirst Gregory S. , Crimmins Sean J. , Wankum Benjamin P. , Buesing Keely , Carlson Mark A. , Terry Benjamin S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Telesurgery applications in laparoscopic surgeries are limited by the need for a surgeon to manually insert the trocar for access to the abdominal cavity. This feasibility study aims to solve this by capitalizing on the biomechanical properties of the abdominal wall to introduce the robotic automated peritoneal insertion device (RAPID), a novel mechanism employing a purely mechanical indication system for accessing the abdominal cavity. The RAPID leverages differences in insufflation pressure between the abdominal wall and the abdominal cavity to indicate entry. In the initial phase of this research, cadaver testing showed that concomitant insufflation can be used to identify peritoneal cavity access in humans, validating a previous finding in a porcine study. Using an optimal pressure value determined from the previous porcine study, the RAPID was then validated in live porcine models. The system operated correctly in 19 out of 21 placements, affirming the feasibility of the entry indication system. This shows that the RAPID can accurately and automatically indicate entry of the trocar into the abdominal cavity. This advancement has the potential to automate initial and subsequent trocar insertions, thus removing one more constraint on laparoscopic telesurgery.
A Portable Passive Ankle-Foot Orthosis for Walking Propulsion and Drop-Foot Prevention
Authors: Chen Bing , Wang Ruijin , Zhou Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Individuals with a drop-foot generally have issues of foot-slap and toe-drag, and ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been developed for them to address the drop-foot gait. However, the currently available active AFOs usually have heavier mass, larger volume, and additional power sources, and almost all of the passive AFOs can achieve dorsiflexion assistance at the cost of making plantarflexion more difficult, which increases the wearer's metabolic cost of walking. This paper illustrates the development and validation of a passive AFO for walking propulsion and drop-foot prevention of individuals with a drop-foot gait. The AFO is primarily composed of a propulsion module, a drop-foot prevention module, and a support module. The propulsion module can detect the wearer's gait stages, and it can control the energy storage and release of an energy storage spring-A by switching the state of a clutch-A mechanism. The drop-foot prevention module is designed to correct the abnormal gait of individuals with a drop-foot gait during the swing phase. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed AFO. The experimental results demonstrate that during a gait cycle, reductions of 7.74%, 6.72%, and 16.36% of the average muscle activities of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior are observed, respectively. The significance of this study is the development of a portable passive AFO that has the potential to provide plantarflexion assistance and dorsiflexion assistance for the wearers during the late stance phase and swing phase, respectively.
High salt condition alters LPS synthesis and induces the emergence of drug resistance mutations in
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Huang Hongming , Yang Huang , Feng Shunhang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Chu , Yan Hongyu , Li Rui , Liu Mengxin , Lin Juan , Wen Yancheng , She Feifei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The burgeoning emergence of drug-resistant
Helicobacter pylori
strains poses a significant challenge to the clinical success of eradication therapies and is primarily attributed to mutations within drug-targeting genes that lead to antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the effect of high salt conditions on the occurrence of drug-resistance mutations in
H. pylori
. We found that high salt condition significantly amplifies the frequency of drug resistance mutations in
H. pylori
. This can be chiefly attributed to our discovery indicating that high salt concentration results in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, initiating DNA damage within
H. pylori
. Mechanistically, high salt condition suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis gene expression, inducing alterations in the LPS structure and escalating outer membrane permeability. This disruption of LPS synthesis attenuates the expression and activity of SodB, facilitates increased ROS levels, and consequently increases the drug resistance mutation frequency. Impairing LPS synthesis engenders a reduction in intracellular iron levels, leading to diminished holo-Fur activity and increased apo-Fur activity, which represses the expression of SodB directly. Our findings suggest a correlation between high salt intake and the emergence of drug resistance in the human pathogen
H. pylori
, implying that dietary choices affect the risk of emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Drug resistance mutations mainly contribute to the emergence of clinical antibiotic-resistant
Helicobacter pylori,
a bacterium linked to stomach ulcers and cancer. In this study, we explored how elevated salt conditions influence the emergence of drug resistance in
H. pylori
. We demonstrate that
H. pylori
exhibits an increased antibiotic resistance mutation frequency when exposed to a high salt environment. We observed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high salt conditions, which can cause DNA damage and potentially lead to mutations. Moreover, our results showed that high salt condition alters the bacterium’s lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, leading to a reduced expression of SodB in a Fur-dependent manner. This reduction, in turn, elevates ROS levels, culminating in a higher frequency of drug-resistance mutations. Our research underscores the critical need to consider environmental influences, such as diet and lifestyle, in managing bacterial infections and combating the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.
Oral pharmacokinetics and efficacy of oral phospholipid remdesivir nucleoside prodrugs against SARS-CoV-2 in mice
Authors: Carlin Aaron F. , Beadle James R. , Ardanuy Jeremy , Clark Alex E. , Rhodes Victoria , Garretson Aaron F. , Murphy Joyce A. , Valiaeva Nadejda , Schooley Robert T. , Frieman Matthew B. , Hostetler Karl Y. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Oral broad-spectrum antivirals are urgently needed for the treatment of many emerging and contemporary RNA viruses. We previously synthesized 1-
O
-octadecyl-2-
O
-benzyl-
sn
-glyceryl-P-RVn (ODBG-P-RVn, V2043), a phospholipid prodrug of GS-441524 (remdesivir nucleoside, RVn), and demonstrated its
in vivo
efficacy in a SARS-CoV-2 mouse model. Structure-activity relationship studies focusing on the prodrug scaffold identified two modifications, 3-fluoro-4-methoxy-benzyl (V2053) and 4-cyano-benzyl (V2067), that significantly enhanced the
in vitro
broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple RNA viruses when compared to V2043. Here, we demonstrate that V2043, V2053, and V2067 are all orally bioavailable, well-tolerated, and achieve high sustained plasma levels after single oral daily dosing. All three phospholipid prodrugs are significantly more active than RVn
in vitro
and significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 lung titers in prophylaxis and treatment mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 infection. On a molar basis, V2043 and V2067 are substantially more active than obeldesivir/GS-5245 and molnupiravir
in vivo
. Together, these data support the continued development of phospholipid RVn prodrugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses of clinical concern.