bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian variation pattern of sudden cardiac arrest occurred in Chinese community
Authors: Yao Peng-Cheng , Li Mo-Han , Chen Mu , Che Qian-Ji , Fei Yu-Dong , Li Guan-Lin , Sun Jian , Wang Qun-Shan , Wu Yong-Bo , Yang Mei , Zhao Ming-Zhe , Yang Yu-Li , Cai Zhong-Xi , Luo Li , Wu Hong , Li Yi-Gang 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe circadian variation pattern of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurred in Chinese community including both community healthcare centres and primary hospitals remains unknown. This study analysed the circadian variation of SCA in the Chinese community.MethodsData between 2018 and 2022 from the remote ECG diagnosis system of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were analysed to examine the circadian rhythm of SCA, stratified by initial shockable (ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) versus non-shockable (asystole or pulseless electrical activity) rhythm.ResultsAmong 10 210 cases of SCA, major cases (8736, 85.6%) were non-shockable and 1474 (14.4%) cases were shockable. The circadian rhythm of SCA was as follows: peak time was from 08:00 to 11:59 (30.1%), while deep valley was from 00:00 to 03:59 (7.5%). The proportions of events by non-shockable and shockable events were similar and both reached their peak from 08:00 to 11:59, with a percentage of 29.0% and 36.4%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the relative risk of shockable compared with non-shockable arrests was lower between 00:00 and 03:59 (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.97, p=0.028) and 04:00 to 07:59 (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.79, p<0.001), but higher between 08:00 and 11:59 (aOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.64, p=0.005).ConclusionsIn Chinese community, there is a distinct circadian rhythm of SCA, regardless of initial rhythms. Our findings may be helpful in decision-making, in that more attention and manpower should be placed on the morning hours of first-aid and resuscitation management in Chinese community.
Acute ketone monoester supplementation in young adults: modulating metabolic and neurocognitive functions across body weights
Authors: Yu Qian , Wong Ka Kit , Lei On Kei , Armada-da-Silva Paulo A.S. , Wu Zongze , Nie Jinlei , Shi Qingde , Kong Zhaowei 
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the acute effects of ketone monoester on metabolic and neurocognitive indicators and underlying metabolism-brain-cognition interactions among young adults of healthy weight (HW) and those with overweight/obesity (OW). Forty participants were divided into two groups: HW ( n = 20, age 23.80 ± 3.96 years, body mass index (BMI) 21.49 ± 1.80 kg/m2) and OW ( n = 20, age 22.00 ± 2.13 years, BMI 28.23 ± 3.48 kg/m2). Each participant completed two trials (ketone monoester vs. placebo, 395 mg/kg dose) in a randomized order. Metabolic indicators (blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose) and neurocognitive function (causal density via functional near-infrared spectroscopy and cognitive interference via the Stroop task) were measured at baseline, 30 min, and 90 min post-supplementation. A chain mediation model was constructed to test the indirect effects of BHB level on cognitive interference through mediators like blood glucose and causal density. In the linear mixed models, significant effects were observed for trial ( β = −0.92, 0.20, −0.04, 25.53) and assessment time ( β = 0.50, −0.14, 0.09, −62.88) in BHB, glucose, causal density, and cognitive interference ( p < 0.05), but not for group factors. Compared to OW, the effects of ketone monoester on prefrontal connectomes were more enduring in the HW ( p < 0.05). Elevated BHB level improved cognitive function through decreasing glucose level and increasing causal density, with an estimate of −0.63. Acute ketone monoester supplementation elevated levels of blood BHB and prefrontal connectomes and decreased levels of glucose and cognitive interference, regardless of weight status. Elevated blood BHB enhanced cognitive function through multi-tiered neurometabolic pathways. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06368297).
Passing plastic: traces of plastic in the fecal samples of a high Arctic seabird in Tunu (East Greenland)
Authors: Ammendolia Justine , Covernton Garth A. , Skrepnyk Alexandra , Dower John F. , Jacobs Shoshanah 
Published: October 2024

Arctic seabirds are key bio-indicators of marine plastic pollution due to their transient movement and large populations. Although many studies have quantified the ingestion of microplastic particles (<5 mm in size) through necropsy or regurgitation sampling methods, little is known about post-digestive particle excretion. Due to the logistical challenges of non-lethally sampling feces from Arctic seabirds, this pathway remains largely understudied. We non-lethally collected 110 fecal samples from little auks ( Alle alle) during the 2014 breeding season in Ukaleqarteq, Tunu (Kap Höegh, East Greenland). We identified 25 potential microplastic particles (>100 µm in size), 19 of which were analyzed for material composition using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Of these, 13 particles were successfully matched to materials, with five as plastic. This produced an average concentration of 0.08 ± 0.28 microplastic particles per fecal sample, with no difference of occurrence between chicks and adults. Particle lengths ranged from 113 to 751 µm. The presence of microplastics larger than our lower limit of detectability of 100 µm suggests a need for analysis of smaller particles and microfibers in this species. We contribute to understanding how microplastics pass through little auks and characterize how this species interacts with the plastic pathways.
Kerr/CFT correspondence for the extremal accelerating Kerr–Taub–NUT black hole
Authors: Siahaan Haryanto M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the application of Kerr/CFT correspondence to the accelerating Kerr–Taub–NUT spacetime. We demonstrate that the correspondence can be maintained if the near-horizon angular coordinate is appropriately rescaled. This rescaling allows the Cardy formula to accurately reproduce the extremal Bekenstein–Hawking entropy, a departure from the typical direct recovery of extremal Bekenstein–Hawking temperature in Kerr/CFT literature. This discrepancy is attributed to the presence of multiple sources of conic singularity in the spacetime, specifically the acceleration and NUT parameters. To support the Kerr/CFT holography, we investigate the hidden conformal symmetry in the near-horizon region of the extremal black hole geometry. Our findings confirm that the angular coordinate rescaling does not introduce inconsistencies within the Kerr/CFT framework, as evidenced by the preserved hidden conformal symmetry and consistent entropy matching calculations in the near-horizon geometry of the extremal accelerating Kerr–Taub–NUT black hole.
Thin accretion disk around black hole in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Wu Yingdong , Feng Haiyuan , Chen Wei-Qiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe examine the accretion process in a thin disk surrounding a supermassive black hole within the framework of Einstein–Maxwell-scalar (EMS) gravity. Our investigation aims to elucidate how variations in model parameters affect different physical properties of the disk. When keeping EMS parameters $$\beta $$
β
and q constant, we observe a reduction in radiation flux and temperature as $$\alpha $$
α
increases. However, the luminosity and radiative efficiency exhibit relatively minor variation. Conversely, under fixed $$\alpha $$
α
and q, an escalation in $$\beta $$
β
leads to heightened levels of radiation flux, temperature, luminosity, and radiative efficiency. These results underscore the diverse influences of model parameters on observable metrics, providing valuable insights for the astronomical study of distinct black holes.
Trusted Service by Enhancing Wi-Fi Service Quality Assessment with User Feedback Integration: A Cloud Theory-Based Approach
Authors: Le Thinh Vinh , Tran Huan Thien , Bouzefrane Samia 
Published: October 2024

In the dynamic field of fog computing, there is a clear trend toward exploiting local, resource-rich nodes to bypass traditional cloud infrastructure limitations. This study introduces an innovative method for enhancing the reliability of Wi-Fi systems, crucial in fog computing, by integrating quality-focused user feedback. Our approach significantly enhances the assessment of Wi-Fi system trustworthiness by emphasizing user perspectives. While traditional metrics such as Availability, Performance, and Security Parameters are crucial for defining Quality of Service (QoS), our research also integrates user feedback as a key, albeit secondary, factor in assessing Wi-Fi node trustworthiness. Designed to improve the evaluation process, this method combines system-generated QoS metrics with user feedback to subtly increase trust assessment objectivity. This not only connects technical service quality with user experiences but also strengthens trust and reliability in fog computing. Utilizing sophisticated cloud theory techniques, our model employs both backward and forward cloud generators — the backward generator converts QoS data into qualitative insights, while the forward generator combines these insights with user feedback to thoroughly evaluate Wi-Fi node service quality. The integration of user feedback allows for a more dynamic and responsive system evaluation, addressing the limitations of previous models by providing a comprehensive assessment that aligns technical service quality with user experiences. This enhancement in trust evaluation is achieved by skillfully blending QoS metrics and user feedback to create a more objective trust value.
Overview of Multimodal Machine Learning
Authors: Al-Zoghby Aya M. , Al-Awadly Esraa Mohamed K. , Ebada Ahmed Ismail , Awad Wael A. 
Published: October 2024

Human nature is fundamentally driven by the need for interaction and attention, which are fulfilled through various sensory modalities, including hearing, sight, touch, taste, and smell. These senses enable us to perceive, understand, and engage with the world around us. The quality and depth of our interactions change considerably when we use multiple senses simultaneously, highlighting the importance of multimodal interactions in our daily lives. In the realm of technology, multimodal integration offers immense value, as it aims to create systems that can replicate or complement these natural human abilities for enhanced interaction.
This article explores the significance of spatial multimodalities in machine learning, highlighting their role in improving model performance in applications such as autonomous driving, healthcare, and virtual assistants. It addresses challenges like the complexity of fusing diverse sensory data types and proposes solutions such as advanced data fusion techniques, adaptive learning algorithms, and transformer architectures. The goal is to provide an overview of state-of-the-art research and future directions for advancing human–computer interaction.
Exploring Trends: Five‐Year Analysis of Suicide Rates in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Ganesh , Nath Laxman , Bhatt Prakash Raj , Mishra Rima , Bhatt Ashish 
Published: October 2024

Background: Suicide is a global, preventable public health issue, with nearly more than 700,000 people dying by suicide annually. The majority of suicides occur in developing countries, including Nepal. This study is aimed at examining the trends and patterns of suicide in Nepal over the past 5 years in the federal context.Methods: Using the Nepal Police suicide database, we analyzed data from 2019 to 2023 based on age, gender, methods of suicide, and provincial distribution. Trends in suicide rates over the past 5 years were examined, with graphs and tables created to represent the observed trends and patterns visually. Excel was used to support the data analysis.Results: Overall, the suicide rate was found to be higher among males (59.1%). However, the suicide rate varied by gender and age group, with females having a higher suicide rate below 18 years of age, while males had a higher suicide rate above 18 years of age. Hanging has consistently been the preferred method of suicide over the past 5 years. The national suicide rate showed an increasing trend. Similarly, an increasing trend in suicide was observed in all seven provinces of Nepal, with Koshi, Madhesh, and Gandaki provinces showing significant growth over the past 5 years.Conclusion: The increasing trend in suicide rates at both the national and provincial levels highlight the necessity to prioritize this issue and it is imperative for all levels of government to formulate targeted policies, programs, and strategies to prevent suicide.
Modified Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection—An Alternative Modality for the Treatment of Sporadic Duodenal Papillary Adenomas
Authors: Han Zelong , Li Qingyuan , Chua Chanelle Yeh , Wang Zhenjiang , Zhong Jun , Huang Ying , Huang Shaohui , Li Aimin , Liu Side , Luo Xiaobei 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly employed in the treatment of epithelial gastrointestinal tumors, but few studies have explored ESD for treatment of duodenal papillary adenomas (PAs). In this study, we aim to evaluate the feasibility of a modified ESD method as an alternative modality in the resection of PAs.Methods: We evaluated potential advantages of modified ESD for resection of sporadic duodenal PAs through retrospective analysis of 10 PAs resected via ESD compared to paired lesions undergoing endoscopic papillectomy (EP).Results: All lesions undergoing ESD were resected en bloc with negative margins, compared to 60% of lesions undergoing EP. Within the experimental group, there was one case each of melena and pancreatitis compared to four bleeds and one case of pancreatitis in the control group. No recurrence was detected within the ESD group after a mean follow‐up time of 11.2 months compared to three recurrences within a mean follow‐up time of 27.7 months.Conclusions: From our preliminary experience, ESD is a promising alternative in the treatment of superficial duodenal PAs; however, further investigation is needed.
Identifying Measures for Understanding and Addressing County-Level Disparities in Adolescent HPV Vaccination Coverage in North Carolina
Authors: Grabert Brigid K. , McKeithen Mary Catharine , Trogdon Justin G. , Spees Lisa P. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Myers Jenny K. , Spencer Jennifer C. , Gilkey Melissa B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is characterized by geographic disparities in the United States, with national studies finding lower coverage in rural versus nonrural areas. To direct quality improvement efforts in North Carolina, we sought to understand how different rurality measures characterize these disparities.

Methods:
We used separate negative binomial regression models to test associations between five dichotomized county-level rurality measures and HPV vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) among North Carolina adolescents, aged 11 to 12 years (n = 326,345). Rurality measures were derived from: Office of Management and Budget’s Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Rural–Urban Continuum Codes, Index of Relative Rurality, US Census Bureau classifications, and North Carolina Rural Center classifications. Models controlled for Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) percentile and rate of pediatricians per county. Vaccination data came from the North Carolina Immunization Registry.

Results:
HPV vaccination coverage was 29% across North Carolina’s 100 counties (range: 13%, 46%). Agreement between rurality measures ranged from 54% to 93% of counties. In adjusted analyses, none of the five rurality measures were correlated with HPV vaccination coverage, but higher SVI and higher rate of pediatricians were positively associated with coverage (P &lt; 0.01). Exploratory moderation analyses suggested regional variation in the relationship between rurality and coverage, with a positive association in one region, a negative association in one region, and no association in four regions.

Conclusions:
County-level rurality measures did not identify disparities in HPV vaccination coverage in North Carolina.

Impact:
Measures related to social vulnerability and access to pediatricians may be better suited for understanding and addressing the state’s substantial county-level vaccination disparities.
SWOG/NCI Phase II Dual Anti–CTLA-4/PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors: Nonepithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Othus Megan , Patel Sandip Pravin , Wilkinson Kelly J. , Whitman-Purves Emily M. , Lea Jayanthi , Schallenkamp John M. , Adra Nabil , Appleman Leonard J. , Alden Mitchell , Thomes Pepin Jessica , Ellerton John A. , Poklepovic Andrew , Walter Adam , Rampurwala Murtuza M. , Robinson William R. , Kim Hye Sung , Chung Liam Il-Young , McLeod Christine M. , Lopez Gabby , Chen Helen X. , Sharon Elad , Streicher Howard , Ryan Christopher W. , Blanke Charles D. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The role of dual checkpoint inhibition (ipilimumab at 1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks and nivolumab at 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks) in advanced rare/ultrarare nonepithelial ovarian cancers is yet to be explored.

Patients and Methods:
Dual anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1 blockade in rare tumor is a prospective, multicenter (1,016 US sites), multicohort, single-arm phase II trial conducted through the Early Therapeutics and Rare Cancer SWOG/NCI Committee, assessing ipilimumab (anti–CTLA-4; 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks) and nivolumab (anti–PD-1; 240 mg every 2 weeks) in adults with advanced nonepithelial ovarian cancers who lack beneficial standard therapy. The primary outcome was overall response rate [ORR; complete response (CR)/partial response (PR)]; secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, clinical benefit rate [stable disease (SD) ≥6 months plus ORR], and toxicity.

Results:
Seventeen patients (median age: 64; number of prior therapies ranged from 0 to 8 with no immunotherapy exposure; eight granulosa, six carcinosarcomas, one Sertoli–Leydig, one yolk sac, and one Wolffian) were evaluated. In granulosa cell tumors, ORR was 25% (n = 2/8; one CR and one PR) and clinical benefit rate was 50% (n = 4/8); PFS was 58.3 (CR), 50.7+ (PR), 30.4 (SD), and 8.7 (SD) months. Median PFS was 3.5 months [95% confidence interval, 1.7–11.2 months]; median overall survival was 42.5 months (95% confidence interval, 10.1 months–not reached). One Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor showed a 22% regression (PFS, 11.2 months). Carcinosarcomas had no response. Three participants (18%) discontinued treatment due to grade 3 to grade 4 adverse events.

Conclusions:
Ipilimumab–nivolumab shows activity in treatment-refractory granulosa cell tumors, with 25% (n = 2/8) of patients experiencing either CR or PR lasting more than 4 years.
A Novel Lipid Nanoparticle NBF-006 Encapsulating Glutathione S-Transferase P siRNA for the Treatment of KRAS-Driven Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cina Cima , Majeti Bharat , O’Brien Zhihong , Wang Li , Clamme Jean Pierre , Adami Roger , Tsang Kwok Yin , Harborth Jens , Ying Wenbin , Zabludoff Sonya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers, and KRAS mutations occur in 25% to 30% of NSCLC. Our approach to developing a therapeutic with the potential to target KRAS-mutant NSCLC was to identify a new target involved in modulating signaling proteins in the RAS pathway. Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), known as a phase II detoxification enzyme, has more recently been identified as a modulator of MAPK-related cell signaling pathways. Therefore, developing a GSTP siRNA may be an effective therapeutic approach to treat KRAS-mutant NSCLC. The lead drug product candidate (NBF-006) is a proprietary siRNA-based lipid nanoparticle comprising GSTP siRNA (NDT-05-1040). Here, studies using a panel of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines demonstrated that NDT-05-1040 is a very potent and selective GSTP siRNA inhibitor. Our Western blot analysis showed that NDT-05-1040 effectively decreased the phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K pathway components while upregulating apoptotic signaling cascade. Our in vivo studies revealed statistically significant higher distribution of NBF-006 to the lungs and tumor as compared with the liver. In the subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models, NBF-006 led to a statistically significant and dose-dependent antitumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, quantitative image analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and PARP staining showed that NBF-006 decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis, respectively, in tumors. Additionally, in a surgically implanted orthotopic lung tumor model, the survival rate of the NBF-006 treatment group was significantly prolonged (P &lt; 0.005) as compared with the vehicle control group. Together, these preclinical studies supported advancement of NBF-006 into clinical studies.
Pathogenesis and Systemic Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Lei Wanting , Zhou Kexun , Lei Ye , Li Qiu , Zhu Hong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major threats to human health worldwide. The emergence of systemic therapeutic options has greatly improved the prognosis of patients with HCC, particularly those with advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discussed the pathogenesis of HCC, genetic alterations associated with the development of HCC, and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. Then, important indicators and emerging technologies related to the diagnosis of HCC are summarized. Also, we reviewed the major advances in treatments for HCC, offering insights into future prospects for next-generation managements.
N-Linked Fucosylated Glycans Are Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine and Metastatic Phenotype
Authors: Ippolito Joseph E. , Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Nakhoul Hani , Sehn Jennifer K. , Weimholt Cody , Grimsley Grace , Nunez Elena , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Kim Eric H. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Troyer Dean A. , Leach Robin J. , Corey Eva , Wu Jennifer D. , Drake Richard R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a spectrum of pathology and outcomes ranging from indolent to lethal. Although there have been recent advancements in prognostic tissue biomarkers, limitations still exist. We leveraged matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded prostate cancer specimens to determine if N-linked glycans expressed in the extracellular matrix of lethal neuroendocrine prostate cancer were also expressed in conventional prostate adenocarcinomas that were associated with poor outcomes. We found that N-glycan fucosylation was abundant in neuroendocrine prostate cancer as well as adenocarcinomas at the time of prostatectomy that eventually developed recurrent metastatic disease. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts revealed that this fucosylation signature was enriched differently across metastatic disease organ sites, with the highest abundance in liver metastases. These data suggest that N-linked fucosylated glycans could be an early tissue biomarker for poor prostate cancer outcomes.
Implications: These studies identify that hyper-fucosylated N-linked glycans are enriched in neuroendocrine prostate cancer and conventional prostate adenocarcinomas that progress to metastatic disease, thus advancing biomarker discovery and providing insights into mechanisms underlying metastatic disease.