bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lean body mass change over 6 years is associated with dietary leucine intake in an older Danish population
Authors: McDonald Cameron Keith , Ankarfeldt Mikkel Z. , Capra Sandra , Bauer Judy , Raymond Kyle , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigher protein intake, and particularly higher leucine intake, is associated with attenuated loss of lean body mass (LBM) over time in older individuals. Dietary leucine is thought to be a key mediator of anabolism. This study aimed to assess this relationship over 6 years among younger and older adult Danes. Dietary leucine intake was assessed at baseline and after 6 years in men and women, aged 35–65 years, participating in the Danish cohort of the WHO-MONICA (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) study (n 368). Changes in LBM over the 6 years were measured by bioelectrical impedance using equations developed for this Danish population. The association between leucine and LBM changes was examined using multivariate linear regression and ANCOVA analyses adjusted for potential confounders. After adjustment for baseline LBM, sex, age, energy intake and physical activity, leucine intake was associated with LBM change in those older than 65 years (n 79), with no effect seen in those younger than 65 years. Older participants in the highest quartile of leucine intake (7·1 g/d) experienced LBM maintenance, whereas lower intakes were associated with LBM loss over 6 years (for trend: β=0·434, P=0·03). Sensitivity analysis indicated no effect modification of sex or the presence of CVD. Greater leucine intake in conjunction with adequate total protein intake was associated with long-term LBM retention in a healthy older Danish population. This study corroborates findings from laboratory investigations in relation to protein and leucine intakes and LBM change. A more diverse and larger sample is needed for confirmation of these results.
OPTIMIZED SHIFTS IN SOWING TIMES OF FIELD CROPS TO THE PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES IN AN AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE OF PAKISTAN
Authors: BHATTI MUHAMMAD TOUSIF , BALKHAIR KHALED S. , MASOOD AMJAD , SARWAR SALEEM 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThis paper evaluates 30-year (2013–2042) projections of the selected climatic parameters in cotton/wheat agro-climatic zone of Pakistan. A statistical bias correction procedure was adopted to eliminate the systematic errors in output of three selected general circulation models (GCM) under A2 emission scenario. A transfer function was developed between the GCM outputs and the observed time series of the climatic parameters (base period: 1980–2004) and applied to GCM future projections. The predictions detected seasonal shifts in rainfall and increasing temperature trend which in combination can affect the crop water requirements (CWR) at different phonological stages of the two major crops (i.e. wheat and cotton). CROPWAT model is used to optimize the shifts in sowing dates as a climate change adaptation option. The results depict that with reference to the existing sowing patterns, early sowing of wheat and late sowing of cotton will favour decreased CWR of these crops.
Relationship between personality and psychopathology in a longitudinal community study: a test of the predisposition model
Authors: Hengartner M. P. , Ajdacic-Gross V. , Wyss C. , Angst J. , Rössler W. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundMounting evidence supports the notion that personality is crucial in the aetiopathology of common mental disorders, but studies that allow for aetiological conclusions are lacking. The aim of the present study was thus to provide a test of the predisposition model.MethodWe analysed data from the Zurich Cohort Study, a 30-year longitudinal epidemiological community study of an adult cohort (n = 591) from 1979 to 2008. Personality was assessed in 1988 with an established personality questionnaire, and psychopathology through seven semi-structured interviews between 1979 and 2008.ResultsOn the basis of personality assessment from 1988, used as predictor of subsequent psychopathology (1993–2008), while adjusting for sex and prior mental disorders (1979–1988), neuroticism related significantly with future major depression episodes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41], anxiety disorders (OR = 1.32) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.41). When participants with a past 10-year history (i.e. 1979–1988) of either major depression, anxiety disorder or depression treatment use were excluded, neuroticism in 1988 still significantly predicted first incidence (i.e. 1993–2008) of major depression episodes (OR = 1.53) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.84).ConclusionsThe present study provides compelling evidence that the personality trait of neuroticism constitutes an independent risk factor for subsequent major depression episodes and use of respective professional treatments, which serves as a proxy for particularly severe and impairing depression episodes. We therefore advocate that personality traits could provide clinically useful prognostic information when considered carefully.
Health-related quality of life of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD: the multicentre cross-sectional ACHILLE study
Authors: Amedro Pascal , Basquin Adeline , Gressin Virginie , Clerson Pierre , Jais Xavier , Thambo Jean-Benoit , Guerin Patrice , Cohen Sarah , Bonnet Damien 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD and correlations with clinical status.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional observational study included CHD patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in 14 tertiary-care centres in France. We used two health-related quality of life questionnaires – SF-36 and Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) – and one anxiety/depression Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.ResultsClinical data were collected for the 208 included patients (mean age: 42.6 years, range from 15.1 to 85.8 years, 69.7% female). Most patients were in NYHA functional class II (48.1%) and III (37.5%). Patients’ phenotype was classified as Eisenmenger syndrome (70.7%), pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (12.0%), with small defects (3.4%), or after corrective cardiac surgery (13.9%). In total, 76.4% of the patients were receiving pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatments. SF-36 scores showed impairment compared with normalised data. Health-related quality of life scores were significantly lower in females than in males for most dimensions of both questionnaires and were independent of the patients’ phenotype, even after gender adjustment – except for CAMPHOR functioning – but significantly depended on NYHA functional class. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores suggested anxiety and depression associated with increasing NYHA functional class but independent of patients’ phenotype. NYHA functional class, 6-minute walk distance, HADS, gender, and recent stressful event significantly affected quality of life in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis study showed impairment of quality of life in a large cohort of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD with both generic and specific questionnaires. NYHA functional class and HADS scores were predictive of most quality of life scores.
Programming in logic without logic programming
Authors: KOWALSKI ROBERT , SADRI FARIBA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn previous work, we proposed a logic-based framework in which computation is the execution of actions in an attempt to make reactive rules of the formif antecedent then consequenttrue in a canonical model of a logic program determined by an initial state, sequence of events, and the resulting sequence of subsequent states. In this model-theoretic semantics, reactive rules are the driving force, and logic programs play only a supporting role. In the canonical model, states, actions, and other events are represented with timestamps. But in the operational semantics (OS), for the sake of efficiency, timestamps are omitted and only the current state is maintained. State transitions are performed reactively by executing actions to make theconsequentsof rules true whenever theantecedentsbecome true. This OS is sound, but incomplete. It cannot make reactive rules true by preventing theirantecedentsfrom becoming true, or by proactively making theirconsequentstrue before theirantecedentsbecome true. In this paper, we characterize the notion of reactive model, and prove that the OS can generate all and only such models. In order to focus on the main issues, we omit the logic programming component of the framework.
UK Official Publications: Managing the Transition to Electronic Deposit at the British Library
Authors: Grimshaw Jennie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article by Jennie Grimshaw presents an overview of the transition of UK government publishing from print to electronic between the mid-1990s and 2016. It goes on to describe the tools being developed by the British Library in collaboration with the other five legal deposit libraries, to collect, preserve, organise and provide access to born digital government publications. This paradigm shift in official publishing gives the libraries a window of opportunity to improve their management of these materials and ensure that they can be found through their catalogues more easily than their print predecessors.
Telling Legal Backstories: Making Historic Case Papers from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Available to All Online
Authors: Whittle Steven 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Institute of Advanced Legal Studies holds copies of case papers of appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). Steven Whittle describes the recent open access initiative at the IALS, working with BAILII to provide online access to historic case papers of appeals from over 35 countries from the period 1935 to 1985. These are cases of the highest importance in the legal development of each of the countries and to the development of common law shared by many countries worldwide.
The Women's Legal Landmarks Project: Celebrating 100 Years of Women in the Law in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Auchmuty Rosemary , Rackley Erika 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article by Rosemary Auchmuty and Erika Rackley introduces the Women's Legal Landmarks Project. The project is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving feminist scholars from law and other disciplines engaging in the process of identifying, researching and producing critical accounts of the key legal events, cases and statutes which represent significant turning points for women in the UK and Ireland. In creating the first scholarly anthology of legal landmarks for women spanning four jurisdictions and spanning eleven centuries, it seeks to contribute both to the development of the discipline of feminist legal history as well as societal understandings of the contribution women have made to public life and, more specifically, their involvement in the production of law, law reform and justice.
Back to School: a Student Insight into LIS Qualifications, the LIS Sector and What it can Offer to New Professionals
Authors: Bailey Josephine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractJosephine Bailey, the inaugural recipient of BIALL's Professional Studies Bursary, provides a student's perspective on current LIS qualifications, what they can offer to individuals hoping to enter the profession and the challenges facing new professionals today. Her observations and comments are based on her experiences of the MA course in Librarianship and Information Services Management which is offered by the University of Sheffield and is currently ranked as the top university for Librarianship and Information Management.
Einmal Burnout ist nicht immer Burnout: Eine stationäre multimodale Psychotherapie ist eine effektive Burnout-Behandlung
Authors: Schwarzkopf Kathleen , Conrad Nathalie , Straus Doris , Porschke Hildburg , von Känel Roland 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Retrospektiv wurden der klinische Verlauf und die Langzeiteffekte einer stationären Behandlung bei 723 Patientinnen und Patienten untersucht, die 2012–2013 in einer auf «Burnout»-Behandlung spezialisierten Klinik mit einer ICD-10 F-Hauptdiagnose und Zusatzcode Z73.0 («Zustand der totalen Erschöpfung») hospitalisiert waren. Die Charakterisierung der Studienteilnehmenden erfolgte anhand von Alter, Geschlecht, sozioökonomischem Status, sowie semiquantitativ mit testpsychologischen Fragebogen zu Beginn und am Ende der sechswöchigen stationären Behandlung. Eine Katamnese konnte bei 232 Studienteilnehmenden im Mittel 15 Monate nach Entlassung erfolgen. Die Resultate verdeutlichen den Erfolg einer stationären multimodalen psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Behandlung mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der allgemeinen und für Burnout spezifischen (d.h. emotionale Erschöpfung, Depersonalisation, reduzierte Leistungsfähigkeit) Symptombelastung. Die Mehrheit der Patienten (>90 %) erlebte die Therapie als erfolgreich. Eine berufliche Reintegration erfolgte bei 71 %.
Buried iceberg scours reveal reduced North Atlantic Current during the stage 12 deglacial
Authors: Newton Andrew M. W. , Huuse Mads , Brocklehurst Simon H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReconstructing past ocean-climate environments and heat transport requires proxies from which these conditions can be quantified. This is particularly important for the evaluation of numerical palaeoclimate models. Here we present new evidence for a reduced North Atlantic Current (NAC) at the termination of the third last glacial, for which palaeocurrent information was previously unavailable. This is based on an exquisitely preserved set of buried iceberg scours seen in three-dimensional seismic reflection images from the mid-Norwegian slope. The scours were formed ∼430 ka during the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. The spiral geometry of the scours suggests that they were carved by grounded icebergs influenced by tidal and geostrophic ocean currents. Using the ratio between the estimated tidal and geostrophic current velocities and comparing them with velocities from the Last Glacial Maximum and the present, we show that the stage 12 NAC velocities may have been ∼50% slower than the present.
Photoacoustics of single laser-trapped nanodroplets for the direct observation of nanofocusing in aerosol photokinetics
Authors: Cremer Johannes W. , Thaler Klemens M. , Haisch Christoph , Signorell Ruth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhotochemistry taking place in atmospheric aerosol droplets has a significant impact on the Earth’s climate. Nanofocusing of electromagnetic radiation inside aerosols plays a crucial role in their absorption behaviour, since the radiation flux inside the droplet strongly affects the activation rate of photochemically active species. However, size-dependent nanofocusing effects in the photokinetics of small aerosols have escaped direct observation due to the inability to measure absorption signatures from single droplets. Here we show that photoacoustic measurements on optically trapped single nanodroplets provide a direct, broadly applicable method to measure absorption with attolitre sensitivity. We demonstrate for a model aerosol that the photolysis is accelerated by an order of magnitude in the sub-micron to micron size range, compared with larger droplets. The versatility of our technique promises broad applicability to absorption studies of aerosol particles, such as atmospheric aerosols where quantitative photokinetic data are critical for climate predictions.
In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy observation of Ag nanocrystal evolution by surfactant free electron-driven synthesis
Authors: Longo Elson , Avansi Waldir , Bettini Jefferson , Andrés Juan , Gracia Lourdes 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe study of the interaction of electron irradiation with matter and the response of the material to the passage of electrons is a very challenging problem. However, the growth mechanism observed during nanostructural evolution appears to be a broad and promising scientific field in nanotechnology. We report thein situTEM study of nanostructural evolution of electron-driven silver (Ag) nanocrystals through an additive-free synthetic procedure. Observations revealed the direct effect of the electron beam on the morphological evolution of Ag nanocrystals through different mechanisms, such as mass transport, site-selective coalescence and an appropriate structural configuration after coalescence leading to a more stable configuration. A fundamental understanding of the growth and formation mechanisms of Ag nanocrystals, which interact with the electron beam, is essential to improve the nanocrystal shape-control mechanisms as well as the future design and study of nanomaterials.
In vivo acoustic and photoacoustic focusing of circulating cells
Authors: Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Viegas Mark G. , Malinsky Taras I. , Melerzanov Alexander V. , Juratli Mazen A. , Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn vivo flow cytometry using vessels as natural tubes with native cell flows has revolutionized the study of rare circulating tumor cells in a complex blood background. However, the presence of many blood cells in the detection volume makes it difficult to count each cell in this volume. We introduce method for manipulation of circulating cells in vivo with the use of gradient acoustic forces induced by ultrasound and photoacoustic waves. In a murine model, we demonstrated cell trapping, redirecting and focusing in blood and lymph flow into a tight stream, noninvasive wall-free transportation of blood and the potential for photoacoustic detection of sickle cells without labeling and of leukocytes targeted by functionalized nanoparticles. Integration of cell focusing with intravital imaging methods may provide a versatile biological tool for single-cell analysis in circulation, with a focus on in vivo needleless blood tests and preclinical studies of human diseases in animal models.
Principles of dynamical modularity in biological regulatory networks
Authors: Deritei Dávid , Aird William C. , Ercsey-Ravasz Mária , Regan Erzsébet Ravasz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntractable diseases such as cancer are associated with breakdown in multiple individual functions, which conspire to create unhealthy phenotype-combinations. An important challenge is to decipher how these functions are coordinated in health and disease. We approach this by drawing on dynamical systems theory. We posit that distinct phenotype-combinations are generated by interactions among robust regulatory switches, each in control of a discrete set of phenotypic outcomes. First, we demonstrate the advantage of characterizing multi-switch regulatory systems in terms of their constituent switches by building a multiswitch cell cycle model which points to novel, testable interactions critical for early G2/M commitment to division. Second, we define quantitative measures of dynamical modularity, namely that global cell states are discrete combinations of switch-level phenotypes. Finally, we formulate three general principles that govern the way coupled switches coordinate their function.
Effects of acute intra-abdominal hypertension on multiple intestinal barrier functions in rats
Authors: Leng Yuxin , Yi Min , Fan Jie , Bai Yu , Ge Qinggang , Yao Gaiqi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is a common and serious complication in critically ill patients for which there is no well-defined treatment strategy. Here, we explored the effect of IAH on multiple intestinal barriers and discussed whether the alteration in microflora provides clues to guide the rational therapeutic treatment of intestinal barriers during IAH. Using a rat model, we analysed the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs), mucins, chemotactic factors, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by immunohistochemistry. We also analysed the microflora populations using 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that, in addition to enhanced permeability, acute IAH (20 mmHg for 90 min) resulted in significant disturbances to mucosal barriers. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota was also induced, as represented by decreased Firmicutes (relative abundance), increased Proteobacteria and migration of Bacteroidetes from the colon to the jejunum. At the genus level, Lactobacillus species and Peptostreptococcaceae incertae sedis were decreased, whereas levels of lactococci remained unchanged. Our findings outline the characteristics of IAH-induced barrier changes, indicating that intestinal barriers might be treated to alleviate IAH, and the microflora may be an especially relevant target.
Delayed signatures of underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Carrigan Charles R. , Sun Yunwei , Hunter Steven L. , Ruddle David G. , Wagoner Jeffrey L. , Myers Katherine B. L. , Emer Dudley F. , Drellack Sigmund L. , Chipman Veraun D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRadionuclide signals from underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) are strongly influenced by the surrounding hydrogeologic regime. One effect of containment is delay of detonation-produced radioxenon reaching the surface as well as lengthening of its period of detectability compared to uncontained explosions. Using a field-scale tracer experiment, we evaluate important transport properties of a former UNE site. We observe the character of signals at the surface due to the migration of gases from the post-detonation chimney under realistic transport conditions. Background radon signals are found to be highly responsive to cavity pressurization suggesting that large local radon anomalies may be an indicator of a clandestine UNE. Computer simulations, using transport properties obtained from the experiment, track radioxenon isotopes in the chimney and their migration to the surface. They show that the chimney surrounded by a fractured containment regime behaves as a leaky chemical reactor regarding its effect on isotopic evolution introducing a dependence on nuclear yield not previously considered. This evolutionary model for radioxenon isotopes is validated by atmospheric observations of radioxenon from a 2013 UNE in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Our model produces results similar to isotopic observations with nuclear yields being comparable to seismic estimates.
Insights into mutualism mechanism and versatile metabolism of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Hbe602 based on comparative genomics and metabolomics studies
Authors: Jia Nan , Ding Ming-Zhu , Du Jin , Pan Cai-Hui , Tian Geng , Lang Ji-Dong , Fang Jian-Huo , Gao Feng , Yuan Ying-Jin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKetogulonicigenium vulgare has been widely used in vitamin C two steps fermentation and requires companion strain for optimal growth. However, the understanding of K. vulgare as well as its companion strain is still preliminary. Here, the complete genome of K. vulgare Hbe602 was deciphered to provide insight into the symbiosis mechanism and the versatile metabolism. K. vulgare contains the LuxR family proteins, chemokine proteins, flagellar structure proteins, peptides and transporters for symbiosis consortium. Besides, the growth state and metabolite variation of K. vulgare were observed when five carbohydrates (D-sorbitol, L-sorbose, D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannitol) were used as carbon source. The growth increased by 40.72% and 62.97% respectively when K. vulgare was cultured on D-mannitol/D-sorbitol than on L-sorbose. The insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins is the main reason for the slow growth of K. vulgare. The combined analysis of genomics and metabolomics indicated that TCA cycle, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism were significantly up-regulated when K. vulgare was cultured on the D-mannitol/D-sorbitol, which facilitated the better growth. The present study would be helpful to further understand its metabolic structure and guide the engineering transformation.