bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bibliographic control of theses and dissertations in Kenya
Authors: Ndungu Miriam Wanjiku 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This study aims to identify and analyse the challenges faced in the bibliographic control of theses and dissertations in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used descriptive survey method and targeted four universities in Kenya and two initiatives whose objective is compilation of a database of theses and dissertations. The total number of respondents was 17 out of a target of 21.

Findings
The study found delays in the libraries getting their designated copies; ineffective coordination between the different university departments in the deposition process; deposition of soft copies is still a grey area in the universities surveyed; libraries have embedded records of theses and dissertations in their Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs); delays in capturing theses and dissertations in the libraries’ OPACs; and lack of consistency and uniformity in the bibliographic records.

Research limitations/implications
Many universities have joined the electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) movement and now require graduating students to deposit an electronic copy of their research thesis or dissertation. Currently, universities in Kenya either already have institutional repositories (IRs) or they are at an advanced stage of implementation. There is need for further research on the status adoption of ETDs; the status of IRs; treatment of theses and dissertations (TDs) in Kenya; challenges and prospects of subject analysis of TDs; cost-effective metadata creation for TDs; issues in metadata creation and standardization for TDs; and automated metadata creation.

Practical implications
Without a comprehensive source of all TDs submitted in universities in Kenya, TDs will be inaccessible and therefore underutilised. There will also be the risk of duplication of research and plagiarism because it will be difficult to ascertain the authenticity and integrity of TDs submitted in the various universities.

Originality/value
This is the only research in Kenya that has analysed the status of bibliographic control of theses and dissertations. The study will enable university administrators to put in place appropriate policies for improved bibliographic control of theses and dissertations. The study may be used to inform policy frameworks as universities begin to build their institutional repositories. The findings shed light on the treatment of TDs and challenges of cataloguing them.
Proteomics analysis of Trichoplusia ni midgut epithelial cell brush border membrane vesicles
Authors: Javed Muhammad Afzal , Coutu Cathy , Theilmann David A. , Erlandson Martin A. , Hegedus Dwayne D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe insect midgut epithelium is composed of columnar, goblet, and regenerative cells. Columnar epithelial cells are the most abundant and have membrane protrusions that form the brush border membrane (BBM) on their apical side. These increase surface area available for the transport of nutrients, but also provide opportunities for interaction with xenobiotics such as pathogens, toxins and host plant allelochemicals. Recent improvements in proteomic and bioinformatics tools provided an opportunity to determine the proteome of the T. ni BBM in unprecedented detail. This study reports the identification of proteins from BBM vesicles (BBMVs) using single dimension polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with multi‐dimensional protein identification technology. More than 3000 proteins were associated with the BBMV, of which 697 were predicted to possess either a signal peptide, at least one transmembrane domain or a GPI‐anchor signal. Of these, bioinformatics analysis and manual curation predicted that 185 may be associated with the BBMV or epithelial cell plasma membrane. These are discussed with respect to their predicted functions, namely digestion, nutrient uptake, cell signaling, development, cell–cell interactions, and other functions. We believe this to be the most detailed proteomic analysis of the lepidopteran midgut epithelium membrane to date, which will provide information to better understand the biochemical, physiological and pathological processes taking place in the larval midgut.
Spinal or general anaesthesia for lower‐limb amputation in peripheral artery disease – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Niskakangas M. , Dahlbacka S. , Liisanantti J. , Vakkala M. , Kaakinen T. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe present study aimed to determine which method of anaesthesia (spinal anaesthesia or general anaesthesia) is better in reducing post‐operative analgesic requirements in patients undergoing major limb amputation for lower‐limb ischaemia. Another aim was to find out if anaesthesiologists use neuraxial anaesthesia in high‐risk patients despite abnormal coagulation profile or use of anticoagulation.MethodsThe study was a retrospective cohort study. All patients undergone above‐the‐knee amputation or below‐the‐knee amputation due to peripheral artery disease between 1996 and 2010 were reviewed to evaluate post‐operative opioid consumption and complications.ResultsA total of 434 amputations in 323 patients were included in the study. The number of surgical complications, the need for surgical revision and the number of intensive care unit admissions were significantly higher in the general anaesthesia group. The need for post‐operative opioid medication was significantly lower in patients with above‐the‐knee amputation and spinal anaesthesia. The use of post‐operative epidural analgesia did not reduce analgesic requirements. In the present study, there were patients who received neuraxial anaesthesia despite abnormal coagulation profile or uninterrupted warfarin or clopidogrel. There were no reported cases of spinal or epidural haematoma.ConclusionPatients with spinal anaesthesia had a lower rate of surgical complications, re‐operations and intensive care unit admissions. Patients with above‐the‐knee amputation and spinal anaesthesia had a lesser need for opioid medication in the post‐operative period than patients with general anaesthesia. Anaesthesiologists performed neuraxial anaesthesia and/or analgesia in high‐risk patients despite abnormal coagulation profile or ongoing anticoagulation, but no adverse outcomes were reported.
Meta‐Analyses of Externalizing Disorders: Genetics or Prenatal Alcohol Exposure?
Authors: Wetherill Leah , Foroud Tatiana , Goodlett Charles 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundExternalizing disorders are heritable precursors to alcohol dependence, common in children of alcoholics (COA), and in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Pregnancies involving alcohol exposure sufficient to affect the fetus may involve women with genetic risk for alcohol dependence. We hypothesized that known PAE will increase the odds of having an externalizing disorder compared to COA.MethodsThe odds ratios of 3 externalizing disorders (attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder [CD], and oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]) were obtained for 2 domains: (i) PAE and (ii) COA, by estimating the logged odds ratio (LOR) for each study. Permutation tests were implemented to compare LORs for PAE versus COA studies within each disorder, including PAE versus an alcohol dependent (AD) mother and PAE versus an AD father.ResultsIn PAE studies, the odds of ADHD and CD were elevated. Rates of all 3 disorders were elevated in COA studies. Permutation tests revealed that the mean LOR for ADHD was significantly higher in PAE studies compared to: COA (p = 0.01), AD mother (p < 0.05), and AD father (p = 0.03). No differences were found for ODD (p = 0.09) or CD (p = 0.21).ConclusionsThese results provide compelling evidence of an increased risk of ADHD in those with PAE beyond that due to parental alcohol dependence or a genetic liability, consistent with a unique etiology most likely due to direct alcohol exposure during prenatal development.
Evaluation of the influence of time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the bond strength of glass fibre post
Authors: Knight Beau , Love Robert M. , George Roy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of time and concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the bond strength of a glass fibre post cemented in a root canal with resin cement. A total of 45 single‐rooted extracted human teeth were prepared with Protaper® universal files, randomly allocated into nine groups and then subjected to 1% or 4% NaOCl for a period of 1 min or 2 min. Fibre posts were then bonded into the root canal, sectioned and the bond strength tested using a push‐out test. A longer irrigation time resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in bond strength, while a final additional irrigation with distilled water significantly reduced bond strength. The concentration of NaOCl did not significantly affect bond strength. Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that regardless of the concentration of NaOCl used, shorter irrigation times favoured better fibre post bonding.
Analysis of retinal layer thickness in diabetic macular oedema treated with ranibizumab or triamcinolone
Authors: Prager Sonja G. , Lammer Jan , Mitsch Christoph , Hafner Julia , Pemp Berthold , Scholda Christoph , Kundi Michael , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Kriechbaum Katharina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate detailed changes in retinal layer thickness in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) images during a 1‐year follow‐up of patients treated for diabetic macula oedema (DME).MethodsPost hoc analysis of retinal layer thickness changes applying the automated layer segmentation of SD‐OCT images in eyes with DME that were randomly assigned to receive pro re nata (PRN) treatment with either 0.5 mg ranibizumab or 8 mg triamcinolone. In each patient, seven retinal layers were segmented in 49 scans covering a 20° × 20° area of the macula at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. Changes in individual layer thickness were correlated with visual acuity (VA) and compared between treatment arms.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (seven female, 60.2 ± 15.1 years) were evaluated. Thickness decrease of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) was associated with a gain in VA over 12 months (r > 0.54; p < 0.05). Decrease in ganglion cell layer (GCL) and GCL+IPL thickness pooled for nasal Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields correlated with VA as follows: ranibizumab r = 0.74 (GCL) and r = 0.63 (GCL+IPL); and triamcinolone r = 0.45 (GCL) and r = 0.46 (GCL+IPL).ConclusionIn DME therapy, reduction in RNFL thickness may have a considerable impact on retinal function, unrelated to the type of pharmacological treatment. Precise morphologic quantification of neurosensory layers by SD OCT offers new insight into disease pathology and therapeutic targets.
Berberine attenuates hepatic steatosis and enhances energy expenditure in mice by inducing autophagy and fibroblast growth factor 21
Authors: Sun Yixuan , Xia Mingfeng , Yan Hongmei , Han Yamei , Zhang Feifei , Hu Zhimin , Cui Aoyuan , Ma Fengguang , Liu Zhengshuai , Gong Qi , Chen Xuqing , Gao Jing , Bian Hua , Tan Yi , Li Yu , Gao Xin 
Published: October 2017

Background and PurposeBerberine, a compound from rhizome coptidis, is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal infections, such as bacterial diarrhoea. Recently, berberine was shown to have hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. We investigated the mechanisms by which berberine regulates hepatic lipid metabolism and energy expenditure in mice.Experimental ApproachLiver‐specific SIRT1 knockout mice and their wild‐type littermates were fed a high‐fat, high‐sucrose (HFHS) diet and treated with berberine by i.p. injection for five weeks. Mouse primary hepatocytes and human HepG2 cells were treated with berberine and then subjected to immunoblotting analysis and Oil Red O staining.Key ResultsBerberine attenuated hepatic steatosis and controlled energy balance in mice by inducing autophagy and FGF21. These beneficial effects of berberine on autophagy and hepatic steatosis were abolished by a deficiency of the nutrient sensor SIRT1 in the liver of HFHS diet‐fed obese mice and in mouse primary hepatocytes. SIRT1 is essential for berberine to potentiate autophagy and inhibit lipid storage in mouse livers in response to fasting. Mechanistically, the berberine stimulates SIRT1 deacetylation activity and induces autophagy in an autophagy protein 5‐dependent manner. Moreover, the administration of berberine was shown to promote hepatic gene expression and circulating levels of FGF21 and ketone bodies in mice in a SIRT1‐dependent manner.Conclusions and ImplicationsBerberine acts in the liver to regulate lipid utilization and maintain whole‐body energy metabolism by mediating autophagy and FGF21 activation. Hence, it has therapeutic potential for treating metabolic defects under nutritional overload, such as fatty liver diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Design and synthesis of 9H‐fluorenone based 1,2,3‐triazole analogues as Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA inhibitors
Authors: Suresh Amaroju , Srinivasarao Singireddi , Agnieszka Napiórkowska , Ewa Augustynowicz‐Kopeć , Alvala Mallika , Lherbet Christian , Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri 
Published: October 2017

We prepared fifty various 9H‐fluorenone based 1,2,3‐triazole analogues varied with NH, –S–, and –SO2– groups using click chemistry. The target compounds were characterized by routine analytical techniques, 1H, 13CNMR, mass, elemental, single‐crystal XRD (8a) and screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv strain and two “wild” strains Spec. 210 and Spec. 192 and MIC50 was determined. Further, the compounds were evaluated for MTB InhA inhibition study as well. The final analogues exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 52.35 to >295 μm. Among the –NH– analogues, one compound 5p (MIC 58.34 μm), among –S– containing analogues four compounds 8e (MIC 66.94 μm), 8f (MIC 74.20 μm), 8g (MIC 57.55 μm), and 8q (MIC 56.11 μm), among –SO2– containing compounds one compound 10p (MIC 52.35 μm) showed less than MTB MIC 74.20 μm: Compound 4‐(((9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)sulfonyl)methyl)‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole (10p) was found to be the most active compound with 73% InhA inhibition at 50 μm; it inhibited MTB with MIC 52.35 μm. Further, 10f and 10p were docked to crystal structure of InhA to know binding interaction pattern. Most active compounds were found to be non‐cytotoxic against HEK 293 cell lines at 50 μm.
A Survey on Multimodal Medical Data Visualization
Authors: Lawonn K. , Smit N.N. , Bühler K. , Preim B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMulti‐modal data of the complex human anatomy contain a wealth of information. To visualize and explore such data, techniques for emphasizing important structures and controlling visibility are essential. Such fused overview visualizations guide physicians to suspicious regions to be analysed in detail, e.g. with slice‐based viewing. We give an overview of state of the art in multi‐modal medical data visualization techniques. Multi‐modal medical data consist of multiple scans of the same subject using various acquisition methods, often combining multiple complimentary types of information. Three‐dimensional visualization techniques for multi‐modal medical data can be used in diagnosis, treatment planning, doctor–patient communication as well as interdisciplinary communication. Over the years, multiple techniques have been developed in order to cope with the various associated challenges and present the relevant information from multiple sources in an insightful way. We present an overview of these techniques and analyse the specific challenges that arise in multi‐modal data visualization and how recent works aimed to solve these, often using smart visibility techniques. We provide a taxonomy of these multi‐modal visualization applications based on the modalities used and the visualization techniques employed. Additionally, we identify unsolved problems as potential future research directions.
Global value chains and traditional supply chains: Evidence from Guatemala
Authors: Dürr Jochen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGlobal value chains have been at the centre of recent research, but traditional supply chains have been given much less attention. However, quantitative data on both chain types is scarce. Therefore, it remains unclear how much smallholders, formal and informal sectors in traditional and global value chains contribute to gross domestic product (GDP), employment generation and income distribution. This article, by using a broad primary data set of 28 value chains in Guatemala, evidences that traditional chains contribute substantially to the national economy and that the income generated is much more equally distributed than in global value chains.
Do Technological and Course‐Related Variables Impact Undergraduates’ Perceived Favorability and Willingness to Recommend Online/Hybrid Business Courses?
Authors: Blau Gary , Drennan Rob B. , Karnik Satyajit , Kapanjie Darin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTLower teaching evaluations can affect students’ willingness to recommend an online course. To maintain online course quality, it is important to keep the “integrity” of a course, that is, offer to the extent possible, the same content and learning outcomes in an online course as the face‐to‐face (F2F) equivalent. This study explored the impact of background, technological, and course‐related variables on perceived favorability of online (versus F2F) courses and willingness to recommend courses using two independent “mixed course format” samples of business undergraduates, that is, simultaneously taking online/hybrid and F2F courses. Participants were recruited based on their enrollment in at least one online or hybrid course. A complete data sample of 259 students filled out an online survey in the Fall 2015 semester, followed by a second independent sample of 269 students in the Spring 2016 semester. Hierarchical regression results showed that after controlling for background variables, one course‐related variable (instructor effectiveness) and one technological‐related (perceived ease of use) consistently explained perceived favorability of online (versus F2F) courses across both samples. For the willingness to recommend courses, after controlling for background variables, both course‐related variables (instructor effectiveness and student motivation) and the perceived favorability of the online course were each significant across both samples.
The leapfrogging opportunity: The role of education in sustainable development and climate change mitigation
Authors: Sarabhai Kartikeya , Vyas Purvi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecognising that the current paradigm of development which is fossil fuel based and high on consumption and waste is not a viable option for the future, developing countries need to take an alternative path towards sustainable development. All too often, they merely imitate solutions which are already being discarded in the West. The confidence levels in their own traditions and good practices are often low. With the knowledge which is available today, it is possible to leapfrog from low levels of development to sustainable development without going through conventional fossil fuel‐based economies. Education plays a key role in this transition. This article gives three examples—the Bus Rapid Transit System, the adoption of decentralised solar energy systems, and a large scale adoption of renewable energy—of how education plays a vital role in this process.
Measuring residual renal function for hemodialysis adequacy: Is there an easier option?
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost patients starting hemodialysis (HD) have residual renal function. As such, there has been increased interest in starting patients with less frequent and shorter dialysis session times. However, for this incremental approach to be successful, patients require regular monitoring of residual renal function, so that as residual renal function declines, the amount of HD is appropriately increased. Currently most dialysis centers rely on interdialytic urine collections. However, many patients find these inconvenient and there may be marked intrapatient variability due to compliance issues. Thus, alternative markers of residual renal function are required for routine clinical practice. Currently three middle sized molecules; cystatin C, β2 microglobulin, and βtrace protein have been investigated as potential endogenous markers of glomerular filtration. Although none is ideal, combinations of these markers have been proposed to provide a more accurate estimation of glomerular clearance, and in particular cut offs for minimal residual renal function. However, in patients with low levels of residual renal function it remains unclear as to whether the benefits of residual renal function equally apply to glomerular filtration or tubular function.
A Mayo Clinic 13‐year investigation of the syndrome of rapid onset ESRD among renal transplant recipients: An analysis of the implications of renal allograft biopsy results
Authors: Onuigbo Macaulay Amechi , Agbasi Nneoma 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroduction: We first described the syndrome of rapid onset end stage renal disease (SORO‐ESRD), acute yet irreversible renal failure, in 2010.Objective: The impact of SORO‐ESRD renal allograft survival remains speculative and we plan to study this question.Methods: A retrospective analysis of individual adult patient‐level serum creatinine trajectories of ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis for >90 days at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 2001–2013.Results: Of 1461 ESRD patients, 149 (10%) patients including 13 renal transplant recipients (RTRs) satisfied the diagnosis of SORO‐ESRD ‐ 4 males, 9 females, 12 Caucasians/one other, age 45 (18–83) years. Serum creatinine was 1.4 (0.8–1.7) mg/dL in the last year before hemodialysis initiation. Initial hemodialysis access was a dialysis catheter in all 13 patients. AKI precipitating SORO‐ESRD followed acute rejection (4), postoperative (2), tubulo‐interstitial nephritis (2), unknown (2), infection/sepsis (1), contrast nephropathy (1), BKV nephropathy (1), and cardio‐renal syndrome (1). Renal allograft survival was 1469 (277–4939) days (4 years). Renal allograft biopsies were available in 9/14 (69%) RTRs ‐ Four showed acute rejection, two of which followed interruption of immunosuppression, three revealed acute tubular necrosis and four others also showed chronic transplant glomerulopathy. Time on hemodialysis was 856 (129–1630) days (2.4 years). 5/13 RTRs with SORO‐ESRD (38%) died ‐ 3 (60%) following cardiac arrest, 2 (40%) after stopping hemodialysis. 4/13 (31%) were re‐transplanted in the period of this study.Conclusion: SORO‐ESRD contributed significantly to late renal allograft loss and return to hemodialysis with 100% initial dialysis catheter rate. Potentially preventable causes of AKI leading to SORO‐ESRD were identified. The application of experience gained from such studies would help reduce late renal allograft loss and the need for re‐transplantation. This would further help reduce the yawning gap between need and availability of donor kidney organs both here in the United States and around the world. Larger studies are warranted.