bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Perserbeute von Plataia, die Anfänge der elischen Münzprägung und die finanziellen Grundlagen der „Großbaustelle Olympia“
Authors: Patay-Horváth András 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Für die drei Phänomene, die im Titel angedeutet sind, wird hier eine direkte Verbindung vorgeschlagen, und dadurch der Versuch unternommen, eine schlüssige wirtschaftshistorische Erklärung für die archäologischen und numismatischen Tatsachen zu entwickeln. Zuerst wird das Anfangsdatum der elischen Münzprägung diskutiert und festgestellt, dass es etwa zu derselben Zeit angesetzt werden muss, wie die „Großbaustelle“ Olympia. Die gelegentlich schon geäußerte Vermutung, dass die massive Münzprägung durch die außergewöhnlich intensive Bautätigkeit im Heiligtum ausgelöst wurde, wird durch weitere Überlegungen und Berechnungen gestützt. Die Erklärungen, die die finanziellen Grundlagen beider Aktivitäten betreffen, werden kritisch geprüft und erweisen sich dabei als unhaltbar. Daher wird als neue Hypothese formuliert, dass sowohl die elische Münzprägung als auch die Bautätigkeit in Olympia durch die überaus reiche Perserbeute von Plataiai ermöglicht wurde. Diese Hypothese wird dann durch die Berechnung der Beutegröße und durch weitere Vergleiche untermauert.
„Who pays the Ferryman?“
Authors: Alföldy-Găzdac Ágnes , Găzdac Cristian 
Published: March 2017

Summary
This paper proposes to analyse different features of the well-known Greco-Roman myth of Charon, the ferryman, who transported souls from this life to the underworld. The popularity of the boatman in ancient times can be demonstrated in the literary sources which evocate his figure through 12 centuries (from the 6th century BC to the 6th century AD).
The research is focused on the analyses of written sources (Greek and Latin authors and some epigraphic evidence) supplemented by figural representations, in order to penetrate the collective mentality of the society, to understand the imaginary world of the ordinary people and the relationship between myth, superstition and ritual acts.
The works of 55 ancient authors were sorted in six chronological and cultural sequences aiming to follow the changes which took place in the approach of the topic through the centuries: 1. Pre-classical and classical authors (6th-5th century BC); 2. Hellenistic authors; 3. Authors from the 1st century BC; 4. Authors from the 1st century AD. 5. Authors from the 2nd century AD; 6. Late Roman authors 4th-6th centuries AD.
Fruit Juice and Change in BMI: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Auerbach Brandon J. , Wolf Fred M. , Hikida Abigail , Vallila-Buchman Petra , Littman Alyson , Thompson Douglas , Louden Diana , Taber Daniel R. , Krieger James 
Published: March 2017

CONTEXT:
Whether 100% fruit juice consumption causes weight gain in children remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the association between 100% fruit juice consumption and change in BMI or BMI z score in children.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases.

STUDY SELECTION:
Longitudinal studies examining the association of 100% fruit juice and change in BMI measures were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two independent reviewers extracted data using a predesigned data collection form.

RESULTS:
Of the 4657 articles screened, 8 prospective cohort studies (n = 34 470 individual children) met the inclusion criteria. Controlling for total energy intake, 1 daily 6- to 8-oz serving increment of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 0.003 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.004) unit increase in BMI z score over 1 year in children of all ages (0% increase in BMI percentile). In children ages 1 to 6 years, 1 serving increment was associated with a 0.087 (95% confidence interval: 0.008 to 0.167) unit increase in BMI z score (4% increase in BMI percentile). 100% fruit juice consumption was not associated with BMI z score increase in children ages 7 to 18 years.

LIMITATIONS:
All observational studies; studies differed in exposure assessment and covariate adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Consumption of 100% fruit juice is associated with a small amount of weight gain in children ages 1 to 6 years that is not clinically significant, and is not associated with weight gain in children ages 7 to 18 years. More studies are needed in children ages 1 to 6 years.
MÉTODOS ESTADÍSTICOS CLÁSICOS Y BAYESIANOS PARA EL PRONÓSTICO DE DEMANDA. UN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO
Authors: Valencia Cárdenas Marisol , Correa Morales Juan Carlos , Díaz-Serna Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2017

Las comparaciones entre modelos de pronóstico son necesarias para la toma de decisiones en la industria, en especial en temas de demanda de productos terminados. En presencia de pocos datos históricos, hay dificultades en premisas de estructuras teóricas. Aquí se presenta una comparación diseñada en el programa R, usando cuatro tipos de modelos: Regresión Lineal Bayesiana con Distribución a priori Normal, Modelo Lineal Dinámico Bayesiano, modelo ARIMA y modelo de Suavización Exponencial, con base en el criterio Media del Error Absoluto de Pronósticos (MAPE) de pronóstico y para ello se simulan diferentes esquemas de datos que reflejan comportamientos de demandas con y sin distribución normal. Se encuentra que los modelos bayesianos estudiados tienen un alto potencial para realizar predicciones, sobre todo para los datos que no se comportan con una distribución normal, siendo más precisos que los otros modelos clásicos comparados, son además, más robustos a premisas teóricas y se pueden utilizar con pocos datos históricos.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE MODELOS ARFIMA
Authors: Castaño-Vëlez Elkin 
Published: March 2017

Desde la introducción de los modelos fraccionalmente integrados ARFIMA para series de tiempo con memoria larga, ha surgido un gran interés en el estudio de sus propiedades y áreas de aplicación. En este modelo, el grado de la memoria está definido por el parámetro de diferenciación fraccional, el cual toma valores en un intervalo continuo de números reales. Para realizar la estimación de este parámetro y probar la existencia de memoria larga, se han propuesto distintos procedimientos en la literatura. Ahora bien, generalmente no basta con conocer si hay memoria larga en la serie de tiempo, sino que es necesario estimar adecuadamente el valor del parámetro de diferenciación fraccional, del cual depende la dinámica de largo plazo de la serie, y de la componente ARMA asociada al comportamiento de corto plazo. Esta estimación requiere de la especificación correcta del modelo ARFIMA. El objeto de este documento es el de implementar un proceso de identificación del modelo ARFIMA para series estacionarias a partir de un procedimiento paramétrico propuesto, y comparar su desempeño con métodos semiparamétricos propuestos en la literatura. Los resultados obtenidos a través de un estudio de simulación, muestran que el procedimiento propuesto tiene, en general, un mejor desempeño.
DIAGRAMA DE BIFURCACIÓN DE SISTEMAS LINEALES EN R^3
Authors: Gutiérrez-G. Alexander , Cortéz-Z. Daniel , Londoño-Q. Jhon Stiven 
Published: March 2017

Se estudia la dinámica de sistemas lineales de ecuaciones diferenciales en R^3 en términos de los invariantes de la matriz asociada (traza, subtraza y determinante). La técnica utilizada se basa en algunas propiedades del polinomio característico asociado a matrices con determinante cero. Además, es demostrada la existencia de cuatro superficies de bifurcación que se expresan en términos de los invariantes de la matriz.
MÉTODO DIDÁCTICO PARA LA CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA CONDUCTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA DE UN METAL SIN CONTACTO
Authors: Patiño-Jurado Brayan , Solano-González Sigifredo 
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo se describe un método para caracterizar la conductividad eléctrica de tubos metálicos sin hacer contacto con ellos. Se utiliza un circuito LC, a baja frecuencia, para detectar el cambio de inductancia debido a la presencia del conductor en el núcleo de la bobina. Así mismo, se implementa un instrumento virtual en LabVIEW para medir los cambios del promedio de la potencia instantánea en la bobina a partir de las mediciones de corriente y voltaje cuando diferentes materiales conductores se disponen en su núcleo.
Sumisión de Houellebecq: Francia frente a sus temores colectivos
Authors: Burgos Gómez Elio 
Published: March 2017

Este documento es un análisis de Sumisión de Michel Houellebecq, novela presentada en el año 2015 en París, un día antes del ataque yihadista contra la revista Charlie Hebdo. En la obra, el narrador busca una solución a su angustia personal y se convierte al islam, mientras que la república francesa es gobernada por un presidente musulmán que ha llegado al poder mediante votación popular. La ficción provoca la reacción inme diata del mundo literario, pero también causa conmoción en políticos, periodistas, líderes religiosos y el gran público francés al enfrentarlos con sus temores colectivos. This document is an analysis of Michel Houellebecq’s Submission, roman introduced in 2015 at Paris, the day before jihadist’s attack against Charlie Hebdo magazine. In the book, the narrator is looking for personal anguish solution by conversion to Islam, while the French republic is managed by a Muslim president who obtains power by popular election. The fiction provoked an immediate reaction of literary world, and caused commotion to politicians, journalists, religious leaders and the French great public while put them face to face with their collective fears.
Mitología e intertextualidad en el Canto XXVI del Inferno de La Divina Comedia
Authors: Pignataro Lopez Adrián 
Published: March 2017

La Divina Comedia de Dante Alighieri es una enciclopedia de la cultura clásica, que demuestra la relevancia de la Antigüedad en la Edad Media. El artículo analiza intertextos clásicos y elementos mitológicos –con base en conceptos de Mircea Eliade– en el Canto XXVI, en el cual se relata una historia del héroe griego Ulises. Finalmente, se muestra la continuidad del mito con dos ejemplos de la narrativa moderna. Dante’s Divine Comedy is an encyclopedia of classical culture, which demonstrates the importance of Antiquity on the Middle Ages. The paper analyzes the classical intertexts and the mythological elements – based on Mircea Eliade’s concepts – on Canto XXVI, which tells the story of the Greek hero Ulysses. Finally, we show the continuity of the myth using two examples of modern narrative.
El currículo educativo en el contexto de la globalización cultural actual
Authors: Cubillo Ramírez Deyanira , Ramos Cordero Ivannia 
Published: March 2017

Este ensayo señala cuáles tienen que ser los perfiles curriculares más generales en el contexto de la denominada globalización cultural actual. Demuestra que todo currículo es una selección cultural y, por tanto, pone de manifiesto la relación entre el desarrollo político, socioeconómico y la educación. Con este propósito, se hace un análisis rápido de algunos de los perfiles principales de ciertos currículos para demostrar cómo estos han estado supeditados a las situaciones particulares que han debido enfrentar en unas y otras sociedades. Se concluye que, desde los inicios de la educación, cuando se empezó a gestar la estructura de los elementos de qué, cómo, a quién y cuándo enseñar, entre otros, ya se tomaban en cuenta las principales características que el currículo formal, el real y el oculto contienen hoy en día. En otras palabras, desde finales del siglo XIX y los inicios del siglo XX, se han discutido y documentado estructuras curriculares fundamentales para el logro de un proceso de enseñanzaaprendizaje satisfactorio en una cultura determinada. Estos elementos del currículo se siguen incorporando para cumplir con la tarea de educar; la diferencia radica en que todos los involucrados en el proceso educativo formal deben necesariamente de satisfacer las necesidades sociales, culturales, económicas, psicológicas, intelectuales, espirituales y tecnológicas que estas nuevas generaciones demandan. This essay points out which must be the broadest curriculum profiles in the context of the current cultural globalization. It also states that every curriculum is a cultural selection and thus, it highlights the relationship between economic socio- political development, and education. In this way, this essay reviews some of the major basis of certain curricula of the past history and achievements. The main purpose is also to show how these elements have been subject to the articulated situations they have faced in some other societies. It was concluded that since the beginning of education when the structure of the elements: what, how, who and when to teach, among others, started to take shape. After all these changes, the educational systems in different cultures started to take into consideration what we know today as formal, informal, and hidden curricula. Therefore, since the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, it has been discussed and documented core curriculum frameworks for one main objective, to have success in the teaching-learning process of any particular culture. Up to the present time, these elements are clearly developed and included into the curriculum to meet the task of teaching; the difference is that everyone who is implicated in the formal educational process must necessarily satisfy the cultural, economic, psychological, intellectual, spiritual and social needs that the new generations demand.
Quantifying South Africa’s sulphur dioxide emission efficiency in coal-powered electricity generation by fitting the three-parameter log-logistic distribution
Authors: Girmay Maseapei Elizabeth , Chikobvu Delson 
Published: March 2017

This paper fits the three-parameter log-logistic (3LL) distribution to sulphur dioxide (SO2) monthly emissions in kilograms per gigawatt hour (kg/GWh) and in milligrams per cubic nano metre (mg/Nm3), at 13 of Eskom’s coal fired power-generating stations in South Africa. The aim is to quantify and describe the emission of sulphur dioxide at these stations using a statistical distribution, and to also estimate the probabilities of extreme emissions and exceedances (emissions above a certain threshold). Using the 3LL distribution is proposed as such a distribution. The log-logistic distribution is a special form of a Burr-type distribution. Various goodness-of-fit measures, including the Kolmogorov Smirnov, the Anderson Darling and some graphical tests, are employed to test if the 3LL distribution is a good fit to the data. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the parameters. The distribution fit is important as it then becomes possible to quantify and manage the SO2 emissions effectively. The 3LL distribution, which is compared with three other distributions, gave the best overall fit to most of the power stations. Keywords: emission, Eskom, log logistic distribution, goodness of fit, sulphur dioxide, Burr-type distributionHighlightsQuantification of SO2 emissions in terms of a statistical distributionCalculating the probability of SO2 emissions exceeding certain specified limitsRanking power stations in terms of SO2 emissions efficiency
Learning from the literature on community development for the implementation of community renewables in South Africa
Authors: Wlokas Holle L. , Westoby Peter , Soal Sue 
Published: March 2017

Implementation of large-scale wind, solar and hydro projects in South African communities is intended to contribute to local economic development. Government policy, through the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Prog-ramme (REIPPPP), obliges energy companies to share revenue and ownership with local communities, thus providing renewable energy companies with a significant opportunity to position the industry as a significant contributor to community development and thus to the country’s transformation and development agenda. This investigation draws on policy documents and interview data to establish that the policy’s lack of appreciation for existing community development tradition and frameworks, commonly applied in South African development policy and programmes, has weakened its potential. Furthermore, it theoretically positions the emerging practice employed by the renewables industry in the implementation of the REIPPPP requirements, and outlines how existing academic and practical knowledge about community development and company-community relations can provide guidance and support in building an impactful practice.Keywords: community relations and development, REIPPPP, community benefit, project implementation, social performanceHighlights• South Africa is implementing a unique version of pro-poor renewable energy policy. • Industry and local communities and government need to build quality relationships to successfully implement the policy requirements.• The policy and practice ignores established community development traditions and frameworks.• Existing knowledge grounded in South African practice and policy experience can guide the sector’s understanding of and vision for development.
The impact of petrol price movements on South African inflation
Authors: Rangasamy Logan 
Published: March 2017

This paper analyses the impact of petrol price movements on inflation outcomes in South Africa since the mid-1970s. The results show that, over time, the direct contribution of petrol inflation to headline inflation has not only increased, but has also exceeded its weight in the consumer price index. In addition, Granger causality tests and the autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration testing reveal that petrol prices have an important bearing on the prices of other (non-petrol) commodities in the economy. The results essentially show that petrol price increases had an important bearing on inflation outcomes in South Africa. This implies that petrol price movements warrant special attention in policy formulation and implementation in South Africa if inflation outcomes were to be kept in check. Keywords: commodity prices, energy prices, inflation, core inflation
historical assessment of sources and uses of wheat varietal innovations in South Africa
Authors: Nhemachena Charity R. , Kirsten Johann 
Published: March 2017

We undertook a historical review of wheat varietal improvements in South Africa from 1891 to 2013, thus extending the period of previous analyses. We identified popular wheat varieties, particularly those that form the basis for varietal improvements, and attempted to understand how policy changes in the wheat sector have affected wheat varietal improvements in the country over time. The empirical analysis is based on the critical review of information from policies, the varieties bred and their breeders, the years in which those varieties were bred, and pedigree information gathered from the journal Farming in South Africa, sourced mainly from the National Library of South Africa and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) database. A database of the sources and uses of wheat varietal innovations in South Africa was developed using information from the above sources. The data, analysed using trend and graphical analysis, indicate that, from the 1800s, wheat varietal improvements in the country focused on adaptability to the production area, yield potential and stability and agronomic characteristics (e.g. tolerance to diseases, pests and aluminium toxicity). An analysis of the sources of wheat varietal improvements during the different periods indicates that wheat breeding was driven initially by individual breeders and agricultural colleges. The current main sources of wheat varietal improvements in South Africa are Sensako, the Agricultural Research Council’s Small Grain Institute (ARC–SGI) and Pannar. The structural changes in the agricultural sector, particularly the establishment of the ARC–SGI and the deregulation of the wheat sector, have helped to harness the previously fragmented efforts in terms of wheat breeding. The most popular varieties identified for further analysis of cost attribution and the benefits of wheat varietal improvements were Gariep, Elands and Duzi.

Significance:

These findings form the basis for the next analysis focusing on the attribution of the benefits and costs in terms of investment in wheat breeding in South Africa.
Lipid profile and carotid artery intima-media thickness in diabetic and non-diabetic ischaemic stroke
Authors: Pillai Preetha R. , Tiwari Dharmendra , Jatav O. P. , Rai Hindeshwari 
Published: March 2017

Background: Stroke is one of the leading reasons for mortality throughout the world. Measurement of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a reliable marker for the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke (IS). The aim was to study and correlate lipid profile and CIMT in diabetic and non-diabetic IS patients.Methods: An observational study was done including 120 IS patients divided into two groups- diabetes (n=60, diabetic stroke patients) and non-diabetes (n=60, non-diabetic stroke patients) having age >18 years, admitted in Medicine and Neurology wards of G. R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India between August 2015 to August 2016. Detailed history along with investigations such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and fasting lipid profile including triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and total cholesterol (TC) was done. The common and the internal carotid arteries of both sides were evaluated ultrasonographically using a high frequency linear probe. All the data were analysed using IBM SPSS- ver.20 software. Data was expressed as percentage. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and independent sample student t test. Pearson correlation was used to establish the relation between the data. P values <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Most common age group among diabetes and non-diabetes IS patients were 51-60 years (26.66%) and 61-70 years (28.33%) respectively with male predominance (75% and 66.67% respectively). Most of the diabetic IS patients had FBS >200 mg/dl (41.66%) and PPBS >250 mg/dl, (50%). Out of 120 IS patients, 55 (45.83%) had CIMT ≤0.8 mm and 65 (54.16%) patients had CIMT >0.8 mm. Lipid parameters including TC (p=0.034), TG (p=0.022), HDL (p=0.039), VLDL (p=0.043) and LDL (p=0.017) were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Mean CIMT in patients with diabetes and non-diabetes was 1.03±0.255 mm and 0.83±0.54 mm respectively (p=0.006). A significant positive correlation was recorded between CIMT and TC (r=0.36, p=0.006), TG (r=0.48, p=0.0001) and VLDL (r=0.46, p=0.0001) among diabetes stroke patients. Among non-diabetes stroke patients, TC (r=-0.25, p=0.042), TG (r=-0.44, p=0.0003), HDL (r=-0.33, p=0.016) and LDL (r=-0.58, p=<0.001) were negatively correlated and VLDL (r=0.92, p=<0.0001) was positively correlated with CIMT.Conclusions: Lipid parameters including TC, TG, LDL and VLDL were significantly raised in diabetic stroke patients and had a positive correlation with the risk of stroke. CIMT was significantly high in diabetic stroke patients. Correlation of lipid parameters (TC, TG and VLDL) with CIMT in diabetic stroke patients were significantly positively correlated, in non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients’ lipid parameters (TC, TG, HDL and LDL) were negatively correlated.