bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shark fin ECG pattern in a patient with acute ascending aortic dissection
Authors: Caccioppola Alessio , Russo Filippo Maria , Molho Enrico , Fargione Lorenzo , Guareschi Alessandro , Colombo Federico , Jachetti Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ‘shark-fin’ ECG-sign is a rare electrocardiographic pattern seen in ACS, typically associated with poor prognosis. However, its manifestation in acute aortic syndromes remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a case of a patient diagnosed with Ascending Aortic Dissection, who presented to ED with acute chest pain and shark-fin ECG-pattern.
Candidate genes involved in biosynthesis and degradation of the main extracellular matrix polysaccharides of brown algae and their probable evolutionary history
Authors: Mazéas Lisa , Bouguerba-Collin Ahlem , Cock J. Mark , Denoeud France , Godfroy Olivier , Brillet-Guéguen Loraine , Barbeyron Tristan , Lipinska Agnieszka P. , Delage Ludovic , Corre Erwan , Drula Elodie , Henrissat Bernard , Czjzek Mirjam , Terrapon Nicolas , Hervé Cécile 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Brown algae belong to the Stramenopiles phylum and are phylogenetically distant from plants and other multicellular organisms. This independent evolutionary history has shaped brown algae with numerous metabolic characteristics specific to this group, including the synthesis of peculiar polysaccharides contained in their extracellular matrix (ECM). Alginates and fucose-containing sulphated polysaccharides (FCSPs), the latter including fucans, are the main components of ECMs. However, the metabolic pathways of these polysaccharides remain poorly described due to a lack of genomic data.

Results
An extensive genomic dataset has been recently released for brown algae and their close sister species, for which we previously performed an expert annotation of key genes involved in ECM-carbohydrate metabolisms. Here we provide a deeper analysis of this set of genes using comparative genomics, phylogenetics analyses, and protein modelling. Two key gene families involved in both the synthesis and degradation of alginate were suggested to have been acquired by the common ancestor of brown algae and their closest sister species Schizocladia ischiensis. Our analysis indicates that this assumption can be extended to additional metabolic steps, and thus to the whole alginate metabolic pathway. The pathway for the biosynthesis of fucans still remains biochemically unresolved and we also investigate putative fucosyltransferase genes that may harbour a fucan synthase activity in brown algae.

Conclusions
Our analysis is the first extensive survey of carbohydrate-related enzymes in brown algae, and provides a valuable resource for future research into the glycome and ECM of brown algae. The expansion of specific families related to alginate metabolism may have represented an important prerequisite for the evolution of developmental complexity in brown algae. Our analysis questions the possible occurrence of FCSPs outside brown algae, notably within their closest sister taxon and in other Stramenopiles such as diatoms. Filling this knowledge gap in the future will help determine the origin and evolutionary history of fucan synthesis in eukaryotes.
Influences on the duration and success of out-of-hospital resuscitation of geriatric patients over 80 years of age - a retrospective evaluation
Authors: Heuser Nils , Rupp Dennis , Glass Susanne , Sassen Martin Christian , Morin Astrid , Volberg Christian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Society is experiencing an increasing shift in the age distribution and accordingly, increased resuscitation rates of patients over 80 years and older. In 2022, more than 34% of people resuscitated in Germany were older than 80 years, although older age is considered a poor predictor for the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Professional societies provide ethical recommendations on when resuscitation may be considered futile and should be terminated. However, the extent to which these recommendations are implemented is unclear.

Methods
Retrospective evaluation of pre-hospital documentation of out-of-hospital resuscitations in patients ≥ 80 years of age in the period 01/01/2014–12/31/2022 in one German county combined with data of the German Resuscitation Registry. For statistical testing, the significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results
In total 578 cases were analyzed. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC): 26% (n = 148). Survival to discharge: 6.1% (n = 35). Median CPR duration: 17 min (10–28 min). The older the patients were, the worse the survival rate (p = 0.05) and the shorter the time to termination (p < 0.0001). No patient over 90 years of age was discharged alive. Resuscitation was also significantly shorter until termination with poorer ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score (p < 0.001). Residents resuscitated significantly longer than specialists (p = 0.02). In surviving patients, there was a significant correlation between short CPR duration and good cerebral performance category (CPC) value: Median CPC1/2 = 5 min [3–10 min] vs. CPC 3/4 = 18 min [10–21 min]; p = 0.01.

Interpretation
Old age and poor health status is associated with shorter CPR duration until termination and older age is associated with poorer prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) concerning the possibility of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival. A short resuscitation time is associated with a better CPC value. Therefore, when resuscitating patients over 80 years of age, even greater care should be taken to ensure that reversible causes are quickly corrected in order to achieve a ROSC and a good neurological outcome. Alternatively, resuscitation should be terminated promptly, as good survival can no longer be guaranteed. Resuscitation lasting more than 20 min should be avoided in any case, in line with the termination of resuscitation (ToR) criteria.
Is interval chemotherapy safe and does it improve the outcome of patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing multimodal two-stage hepatectomy? – A systematic literature review
Authors: Raschzok Nathanael , Moosburner Simon , Blank Moritz , Krenzien Felix , Lurje Georg , Schöning Wenzel , Sauer Igor M. , Pratschke Johann , Modest Dominik P. , Kurreck Annika 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Multimodal two-stage hepatectomy (mTSH) is used in patients with bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) that cannot be treated with one surgical procedure due to insufficient future liver remnant. Interval chemotherapy has been proposed to improve disease control in CRLM patients undergoing mTSH. We here present a narrative review of clinical studies on mTSH including the use of interval chemotherapy in patients with CRLM.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the PubMed databases as well as the ClinicalTrials.gov registry was performed.

Results
The use of interval chemotherapy during mTSH was reported in 23 studies and applied in 595 out of 1,461 patients with CRLM. Two studies report on the actual effects of this treatment, one study describes a trend towards improved disease progression rate. No serious adverse events caused by interval chemotherapy were observed. There is currently no randomized clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of interval chemotherapy during mTSH.

Conclusion
The currently available data indicate that interval chemotherapy does neither impair liver hypertrophy during mTSH nor cause procedure-associated complications in patients with CRLM. Results from randomized clinical trials on the potential positive effect on disease control are not yet available.
Prognostic value of myositis-specific antibodies in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Wakabayashi Hiroki , Iwasaki Kotaro , Murakami Yu , Takashima Kenta , Kaneko Kaichi , Matsuzawa Yasuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) often exhibit positivity for myositis-specific antibodies (MSA). However, the significance of this finding remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of MSA with the prognosis and risk of acute exacerbation in patients with IIP.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with IIP and examined the effect of each MSA subtype on survival and acute exacerbation.

Results
Of 240 patients with IIP, 48 (20%) exhibited positivity for MSA. The MSA subtypes included: PL-7 (antithreonyl; n = 16, 6.7%); signal recognition particle (n = 13, 5.4%); PL-12 (antialanyl; n = 9, 3.8%); Mi-2 (n = 8, 3.3%); OJ (anti-isoleucyl; n = 7, 2.9%). During the 382 days (382 ± 281 days) of observation, 32 (13%) patients expired, and 27 (11%) experienced an acute exacerbation. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that age at the initial visit (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.072; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.017–1.131; P = 0.01), PL-7 (HR: 4.785; 95% CI: 1.528–14.925; P = 0.007), and PL-12 (HR: 3.922; 95% CI: 1.198–12.82; P = 0.024) were independent predictors of survival time. PL-7 (HR: 3.268; 95% CI: 1.064–10; P = 0.039) and PL-12 (HR: 5.747; 95% CI: 1.894–7.544; P = 0.002) were independent predictors of time from first visit to acute exacerbation.

Conclusion
Detecting MSA in patients with interstitial lung disease may be useful in predicting prognosis and providing a rationale for intensive treatment.
Robotic assisted simple prostatectomy mitigates perioperative morbidity compared to open simple prostatectomy - a single institution report
Authors: Larsen Magnus , Giske Anneli , Roaldsen Marius , Gullan Dag , Aarsaether Erling 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
According to the guidelines of the European Association of Urology, open simple prostatectomy should be offered to men with a prostate size exceeding 80 mL suffering from moderate to severe LUTS in the absence of a transurethral enucleation technique. However, open simple prostatectomy is associated with complications such as bleeding, blood transfusions and increased length of stay compared to minimally invasive procedures. The aim of the study was to compare perioperative data from the first cases of robotic assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) to that of patients subjected to open simple prostatectomy (OSP) at our department.

Methods
The patients were identified by a search for the respective procedure codes. In the OSP group enucleation of the adenoma was performed through the prostatic capsule (Millin procedure), while access to the adenoma was gained through the bladder in the RASP group. Complications were scored according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system.

Results
27 patients who underwent OSP were retrospectively identified and compared to the first 26 patients who were subjected to RASP. The groups were similar with respect to age, body mass index and ASA score. Operative time was significantly shorter in the OSP group compared to the RASP group. Bleeding volume, drop in postoperative hemoglobin and the number of blood transfusions were all significantly higher in the OSP group compared to the RASP group. Average length of stay was 5.5 (2–18) days in the OSP group compared to 1.6 (1–5) days in the RASP group (p < 0.001). The number of postoperative complications, Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2, were significantly higher in the OSP group (11) compared to the RASP group (none, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The introduction of robotic assisted simple prostatectomy reduced perioperative morbidity at our department.
HbA1c comparable to fasting glucose in the external validation of the African Diabetes Risk Score and other established risk prediction models in Black South Africans
Authors: Royce Nicola , Cronjé Héléne T , Kengne André P , Kruger Herculina S , Dolman-Macleod Robin C , Pieters Marlien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of non-invasive risk scores to detect undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) ensures the restriction of invasive and costly blood tests to those most likely to be diagnosed with the disease. This study assessed and compared the performance of the African Diabetes Risk Score (ADRS) with three other diabetes risk prediction models for identifying screen-detected diabetes based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c).

Methods
Age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, history of diabetes and physical activity levels from the SA-NW-PURE study were used to externally validate the ADRS and other established risk prediction models. Discrimination was assessed and compared using C-statistics and nonparametric methods. Calibration was assessed using calibration plots, before and after recalibration.

Results
Nine hundred and thirty-seven participants were included; 14% had prevalent undiagnosed T2D according to FPG and 26% according to HbA1c. Discrimination was acceptable and was mostly similar between models for both diagnostic measures. The C-statistics for diagnosis by FPG ranged from 0.69 for the Simplified FINDRISC model to 0.77 for the ADRS model and 0.77 for the Simplified FINDRISC model to 0.79 for the ADRS model for diagnosis by HbA1c. Calibration ranged from acceptable to good, though over- and underestimation were present. All models improved significantly following recalibration.

Conclusions
The models performed comparably, with the ADRS offering a non-invasive way to identify up to 79% of cases. Based on its ease of use and performance, the ADRS is recommended for screening for T2D in certain Black population groups in South Africa. HbA1c as a means of diagnosis also showed comparable performance with FPG. Therefore, further validation studies can potentially use HbA1c as the standard to compare to.
Nurses’ experience of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint for Anorexia Nervosa in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Brinchmann Berit Støre , Ludvigsen Mette Spliid , Godskesen Tove 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa is a complex mental disorder that has severe physical and psychological consequences, often requiring hospitalisation, and in the most severe cases, patients receive coercive treatment. Among the various nursing tasks associated with encountering these patients, the administration of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint stands out. It is crucial to recognise and address the unique practical and ethical challenges nurses face when caring for adults struggling with severe anorexia nervosa. The aim of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of registered nurses’ experience of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint in hospitalised patients with severe anorexia nervosa.

Methods
A naturalistic design guided this study. Narrative interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The participants were twelve registered nurses recruited from an inpatient ward for adult patients with an eating disorder in a Norwegian psychiatric hospital.

Results
Three main themes were developed: providing good nursing care during coercive treatment; having ethical concerns about nasogastric tube feeding under restraint when the patient reaches a body mass index that is not immediately life-threatening; and having concerns about involving personnel from another ward in the nasogastric tube feeding under restraint procedure.

Conclusions
Nurses find nasogastric tube feeding under restraint to be part of life-saving nursing for patients with severe anorexia nervosa. It raises ethical concerns, especially with patients with a body mass index that is no longer life-threatening. Our results demonstrate the vulnerability of nurses as well as the difficulties and ethical dilemmas of nursing during nasogastric tube feeding under restraint.
Rapid evolution of mitochondrion-related genes in haplodiploid arthropods
Authors: Li Yiyuan , Thomas Gregg W. C. , Richards Stephen , Waterhouse Robert M. , Zhou Xin , Pfrender Michael E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes cooperate closely to maintain the functions of mitochondria, especially in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. However, mitochondrial genes among arthropod lineages have dramatic evolutionary rate differences. Haplodiploid arthropods often show fast-evolving mitochondrial genes. One hypothesis predicts that the small effective population size of haplodiploid species could enhance the effect of genetic drift leading to higher substitution rates in mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Alternatively, positive selection or compensatory changes in nuclear OXPHOS genes could lead to the fast-evolving mitochondrial genes. However, due to the limited number of arthropod genomes, the rates of evolution for nuclear genes in haplodiploid species, besides hymenopterans, are largely unknown. To test these hypotheses, we used data from 76 arthropod genomes, including 5 independently evolved haplodiploid lineages, to estimate the evolutionary rates and patterns of gene family turnover of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

Results
We show that five haplodiploid lineages tested here have fast-evolving mitochondrial genes and fast-evolving nuclear genes related to mitochondrial functions, while nuclear genes not related to mitochondrion showed no significant evolutionary rate differences. Among hymenopterans, bees and ants show faster rates of molecular evolution in mitochondrial genes and mitochondrion-related nuclear genes than sawflies and wasps. With genome data, we also find gene family expansions and contractions in mitochondrion-related genes of bees and ants.

Conclusions
Our results reject the small population size hypothesis in haplodiploid species. A combination of positive selection and compensatory changes could lead to the observed patterns in haplodiploid species. The elevated evolutionary rates in OXPHOS complex 2 genes of bees and ants suggest a unique evolutionary history of social hymenopterans.
Comparative evaluation of the extracellular production of a polyethylene terephthalate degrading cutinase by Corynebacterium glutamicum and leaky Escherichia coli in batch and fed-batch processes
Authors: Fritzsche Stefanie , Hübner Holger , Oldiges Marco , Castiglione Kathrin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
With a growing global population, the generation of plastic waste and the depletion of fossil resources are major concerns that need to be addressed by developing sustainable and efficient plastic recycling methods. Biocatalytic recycling is emerging as a promising ecological alternative to conventional processes, particularly in the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, cost-effective production of the involved biocatalyst is essential for the transition of enzymatic PET recycling to a widely used industrial technology. Extracellular enzyme production using established organisms such as Escherichia coli or Corynebacterium glutamicum offers a promising way to reduce downstream processing costs.

Results
In this study, we compared extracellular recombinant protein production by classical secretion in C. glutamicum and by membrane leakage in E. coli. A superior extracellular release of the cutinase ICCGDAQI was observed with E. coli in batch and fed-batch processes on a litre-scale. This phenomenon in E. coli, in the absence of a signal peptide, might be associated with membrane-destabilizing catalytic properties of the expressed cutinase. Optimisations regarding induction, expression temperature and duration as well as carbon source significantly enhanced extracellular cutinase activity. In particular, in fed-batch cultivation of E. coli at 30 °C with lactose as carbon source and inducer, a remarkable extracellular activity (137 U mL−1) and cutinase titre (660 mg L−1) were achieved after 48 h. Literature values obtained with other secretory organisms, such as Bacillus subtilis or Komagataella phaffii were clearly outperformed. The extracellular ICCGDAQI produced showed high efficacy in the hydrolysis of PET textile fibres, either chromatographically purified or unpurified as culture supernatant. In less than 18 h, 10 g L−1 substrate was hydrolysed using supernatant containing 3 mg cutinase ICCGDAQI at 70 °C, pH 9 with terephthalic acid yields of up to 97.8%.

Conclusion
Extracellular production can reduce the cost of recombinant proteins by simplifying downstream processing. In the case of the PET-hydrolysing cutinase ICCGDAQI, it was even possible to avoid chromatographic purification and still achieve efficient PET hydrolysis. With such production approaches and their further optimisation, enzymatic recycling of PET can contribute to a more efficient and environmentally friendly solution to the industrial recycling of plastics in the future.
A global mathematical model of climatic suitability for Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Brown Owen , Flegg Jennifer A. , Weiss Daniel J. , Golding Nick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimatic conditions are a key determinant of malaria transmission intensity, through their impacts on both the parasite and its mosquito vectors. Mathematical models relating climatic conditions to malaria transmission can be used to develop spatial maps of climatic suitability for malaria. These maps underpin efforts to quantify the distribution and burden of malaria in humans, enabling improved monitoring and control. Previous work has developed mathematical models and global maps for the suitability of temperature for malaria transmission. In this paper, existing temperature-based models are extended to include two other important bioclimatic factors: humidity and rainfall. This model is combined with fine spatial resolution climatic data to produce a more biologically-realistic global map of climatic suitability for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The climatic suitability index developed corresponds more closely than previous temperature suitability indices with the global distribution of P. falciparum malaria. There is weak agreement between the Malaria Atlas Project estimates of P. falciparum prevalence in Africa and the estimates of suitability solely based on temperature (Spearman Correlation coefficient of $$\rho = 0.24$$

ρ
=
0.24

). The addition of humidity and then rainfall improves the comparison ($$\rho = 0.62$$

ρ
=
0.62

when humidity added; $$\rho =0.70$$

ρ
=
0.70

when both humidity and rainfall added). By incorporating the impacts of humidity and rainfall, this model identifies arid regions that are not climatically suitable for transmission of P. falciparum malaria. Incorporation of this improved index of climatic suitability into geospatial models can improve global estimates of malaria prevalence and transmission intensity.