bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of adding androgen deprivation to modern dose‐escalated radiotherapy for men with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Falchook Aaron D. , Basak Ramsankar , Mohiuddin Jahan J. , Chen Ronald C. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDRandomized trials have shown that androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) improves survival for men with intermediate‐risk prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT). The benefit of ADT to patients with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer treated with modern dose‐escalated RT is unknown. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ADT on survival of men with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer treated with dose‐escalated RT.METHODSThis study was a retrospective cohort analysis of men with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer from 2004 to 2007 in the National Cancer Data Base. Favorable intermediate‐risk disease was defined as 1 adverse risk factor (prostate‐specific antigen level of 10‐20 ng/mL or Gleason score of 7) and clinical T1/T2 prostate cancer. All patients were treated with primary dose‐escalated RT (≥75.6 Gy or RT with a brachytherapy boost). Overall survival was analyzed with propensity score adjustment and Cox multivariate modeling.RESULTSThe study included 18,598 patients. The use of ADT decreased from 43.5% in 2004 to 39.5% in 2007. The propensity score–adjusted survival analysis demonstrated similar 8‐year overall survival for men treated with dose‐escalated RT and ADT and men treated with RT alone (77.7% vs 78.4%). ADT was not associated with improved survival in any age or comorbidity subgroup. In a sensitivity analysis using Cox multivariate modeling, the receipt of ADT was not associated with overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.91‐1.07; P = .768).CONCLUSIONSAdding ADT to modern dose‐escalated RT was not associated with improved survival for patients with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer. The applicability of the survival benefit seen in older trials to modern patients is unclear. Because of the morbidity associated with ADT, dose‐escalated RT alone for patients with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer may be a reasonable option. Cancer 2016;122:2341–2349. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Open‐label, multicenter, phase 1 study of alisertib (MLN8237), an aurora A kinase inhibitor, with docetaxel in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Graff Julie N. , Higano Celestia S. , Hahn Noah M. , Taylor Matthew H. , Zhang Bin , Zhou Xiaofei , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Leonard E. Jane , Sarantopoulos John 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDThis study was designed to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of alisertib (MLN8237) in combination with docetaxel and to identify a recommended dose for the combination.METHODSAdults with metastatic cancer were treated on 21‐day cycles with alisertib (10, 20, 30, or 40 mg) twice daily on days 1 to 7 or days 1 to 5 and with docetaxel (75 or 60 mg/m2) on day 1. The primary objectives were to assess the safety and tolerability of the combination and to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for future studies. Secondary objectives included an efficacy assessment and PK analyses of docetaxel and alisertib.RESULTSForty‐one patients participated. Eight dose levels were explored with various doses of alisertib and docetaxel. The dose‐limiting toxicities were neutropenic fever, neutropenia without fever, stomatitis, and urinary tract infection. The RP2D of this combination was 20 mg of alisertib twice daily on days 1 to 7 and intravenous docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 in 21‐day cycles. Eight of the 28 patients (29%) who were efficacy‐evaluable had objective responses. These included 1 complete response in a patient with bladder cancer, 6 partial responses in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer, and 1 partial response in a patient with angiosarcoma. Concomitant administration of alisertib did not produce any clinically meaningful change in docetaxel PK.CONCLUSIONSAlisertib at 20 mg twice daily on days 1 to 7 with intravenous docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 in a 21‐day cycle was well tolerated, and the combination demonstrated antitumor activity. Cancer 2016;122:2524–33. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Palladium Nanoclusters Using Metal–Organic Frameworks as Sacrificial Templates
Authors: Li Xinle , Goh Tian Wei , Xiao Chaoxian , Stanton Alexandria L. D. , Pei Yuchen , Jain Prashant K. , Huang Wenyu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn interfacial etching approach was developed for the synthesis of monodisperse and ultrasmall thiolated palladium nanoclusters (Pd NCs) using Zr‐UiO‐66‐NH2 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial templates. The Pd NCs were originally synthesized inside the cavities of the MOFs (Pd@UiO‐66‐NH2). The Pd NCs released from the MOFs have a strikingly small size with narrow distribution (1.1±0.1 nm), amounting to a cluster size of ca. 40 Pd atoms. The 1H NMR spectrum indicates that thiol is the only capping agent for these Pd NCs. We derived the composition of the thiolated Pd NCs using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis. Moreover, the Pd NCs size can be tuned by using MOF templates with different cavity sizes. The thiolated Pd NCs are catalytically active in a model Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction.
A Twofold Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Framework with High Performance in Selective Separation of C2H2/CH4
Authors: Alduhaish Osamah , Wang Hailong , Li Bin , Hu Tong‐Liang , Arman Hadi D. , Alfooty Khalid , Chen Banglin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA twofold interpenetrated metal–organic framework, PMOF‐3, composed of four kinds of polyhedra exhibits the highest selectivity of 157 for C2H2/CH4 separation at 296 K and 1 atm owing to the synergistic effect of the open metal sites, C≡C triple bonds, and microporous structure.
Body image and eating behavior in young adults born preterm
Authors: Matinolli Hanna‐Maria , Männistö Satu , Sipola‐Leppänen Marika , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Heinonen Kati , Lahti Jari , Lahti Marius , Wehkalampi Karoliina , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Andersson Sture , Lano Aulikki , Vartia Timo , Wolke Dieter , Eriksson Johan G , Vääräsmäki Marja , Räikkönen Katri , Kajantie Eero 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious studies have suggested that people born preterm have increased rates of eating disorders (ED). However, a recent study suggested lower levels of ED‐related symptoms in the extreme group of adults born preterm with very low birth weight (<1,500 g). We examined symptoms related to EDs in adults born early (<34 weeks of gestational age) or late (34 to <37 weeks of gestational age) preterm.MethodsWe studied young adults (mean age 24.1 years) from two birth cohorts: ESTER (Northern Finland 1985–1989) and AYLS (Uusimaa, Finland, 1985–1986). Of the participants, 185 were born early preterm, 348 late preterm, and 637 were term‐born controls (N = 1,170). They completed three subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)−2, including Drive for Thinness (DT), Body Dissatisfaction (BD), and Bulimia (B). Group differences were examined by linear regression.ResultsYoung women born early preterm scored 4.1 points (95% CI −8.0, −0.2, P =.04) lower in summed EDI subscale scores than women born at term, when adjusted for age and cohort. This difference was observed also in DT and BD but not for B subscales. The differences persisted after adjustments for current, pre‐ and neonatal characteristics. We did not observe differences in EDI scores among men or women born late preterm when compared to controls.DiscussionWomen born early preterm have significantly fewer symptoms related to EDs in early adulthood when compared to their peers born at term, which may protect from developing an ED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:572–580)
Microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex variation in an endangered rattlesnake, the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus)
Authors: Jaeger Collin P. , Duvall Melvin R. , Swanson Bradley J. , Phillips Christopher A. , Dreslik Michael J. , Baker Sarah J. , King Richard B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGenetic diversity is fundamental to maintaining the long‐term viability of populations, yet reduced genetic variation is often associated with small, isolated populations. To examine the relationship between demography and genetic variation, variation at hypervariable loci (e.g., microsatelliteDNAloci) is often measured. However, these loci are selectively neutral (or near neutral) and may not accurately reflect genomewide variation. Variation at functional trait loci, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), can provide a better assessment of adaptive genetic variation in fragmented populations. We compared patterns of microsatellite andMHCvariation across three Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) populations representing a gradient of demographic histories to assess the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift. Using 454 deep amplicon sequencing, we identified 24 putatively functionalMHC IIBexon 2 alleles belonging to a minimum of six loci. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates provided evidence of historical positive selection at the nucleotide level, and Tajima's D provided support for balancing selection in each population. As predicted, estimates of microsatellite allelic richness, observed, heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity varied among populations in a pattern qualitatively consistent with demographic history and abundance. WhileMHCallelic richness at the population and individual levels revealed similar trends,MHCnucleotide diversity was unexpectedly high in the smallest population. Overall, these results suggest that genetic variation in the Eastern Massasauga populations in Illinois has been shaped by multiple evolutionary mechanisms. Thus, conservation efforts should consider both neutral and functional genetic variation when managing captive and wild Eastern Massasauga populations.
Applications of Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models With Covariates to Longitudinal Test Data
Authors: Fu Jianbin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models with covariates proposed by Haberman and implemented in the mirt program provide a flexible way to analyze data based on item response theory. In this report, we discuss applications of the MIRT models with covariates to longitudinal test data to measure skill differences at the individual and group levels. In particular, we describe the differential item functioning procedure to identify common items with item drift across test occasions, and model selection and evaluation based on model comparison, fit statistics, and skill estimates. A real dataset on algebra tests is used to demonstrate the applications.
Investigation on the mechanism of non‐photocatalytically TiO2‐induced reactive oxygen species and its significance on cell cycle and morphology
Authors: Gali Nirmal Kumar , Ning Zhi , Daoud Walid , Brimblecombe Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in daily human life, and were reported to elicit biological effects such as oxidative stress either generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) or causing cell necrosis without generating ROS, whose underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, the role of dissolved oxygen in TiO2 catalytic activity in dark environment, and long‐term cytotoxic effects of TiO2 exposure were investigated. To determine the effect of dissolved oxygen, the anatase‐TiO2 nanoparticle suspension was prepared both in deoxygenated and regular MilliQ water, and a ~ 9‐fold higher ROS in regular MilliQ samples was observed compared to deoxygenated samples while in the dark, which suggested dissolved oxygen as the driving agent behind the TiO2 catalytic reaction. On the other hand, the differential cell viability and endogenous ROS activity was demonstrated through a sensitive macrophage‐based assay, on a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Both the cell number and endogenous ROS activity increased with increase in time till 48 h, followed by a reduction at 72 h exposure period. Long‐term exposures to these nanoparticles even at low concentrations were found detrimental to cells, where late apoptosis until 48 h and necrosis at 72 h leading to cell death were noted. Late apoptotic events and cell membrane cytoskeletal actin rearrangement observed were hypothesized to be induced by particle‐mediated cellular ROS. This in addition to radical generation ability of TiO2 in the dark will help further in better understanding of the toxicity mechanism in cells beyond ROS generation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lake level reconstruction of Huangqihai Lake in northern China since MIS 3 based on pulsed optically stimulated luminescence dating
Authors: Zhang Jingran , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Jia Yulian , Frechen Manfred 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTLake sediments provide rich information about past climatic variations in the drainage area. Five outcrops from Huangqihai Lake in northern China were investigated to reconstruct the lake level fluctuations during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. A chronological framework ranging from ∼34 to ∼8 ka was established by pulsed optically stimulated luminescence dating using sand‐sized quartz and by radiocarbon dating techniques. The chronological and geological evidence demonstrates that the lake level of Huangqihai reached a peak elevation of ∼1340 m [>77 m above the present lake level (a.p.l.l)] during the early Holocene. Such highstand was sustained from ∼10 to ∼8 ka and retreated towards the middle and late Holocene. Between ∼50 and ∼11 ka, aeolian and fluvial deposition prevailed around the lake basin and no lake sediment was found above 1277 m (∼14 m a.p.l.l.), demonstrating a low lake level during this interval compared with that of the early Holocene.
Lateglacial and Holocene relative sea‐level changes and first evidence for the Storegga tsunami in Sutherland, Scotland
Authors: Long Antony J. , Barlow Natasha L. M. , Dawson Sue , Hill Jon , Innes James B. , Kelham Catherine , Milne Fraser D. , Dawson Alastair 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe reconstruct one of the longest relative sea‐level (RSL) records in north‐west Europe from the north coast of mainland Scotland, using data collected from three sites in Loch Eriboll (Sutherland) that we combine with other studies from the region. Following deglaciation, RSL fell from a Lateglacial highstand of +6−8 m OD (Ordnance Datum = ca. mean sea level) at ca. 15 k cal a BP to below present, then rose to an early Holocene highstand and remained at ca. +1 m OD between ca. 7 and 3 k cal a BP, before falling to present. We find no evidence for significant differential Holocene glacio‐isostatic adjustment between sites on the north‐west (Lochinver, Loch Laxford), north (Loch Eriboll) and north‐east (Wick) coast of mainland Scotland. This suggests that the region was rapidly deglaciated and there was little difference in ice loads across the region. From one site at the head of Loch Eriboll we report the most westerly sedimentary evidence for the early Holocene Storegga tsunami on the Scottish mainland. The presence of the Storegga tsunami in Loch Eriboll is predicted by a tsunami wave model, which suggests that the tsunami impacted the entire north coast of Scotland and probably also the Atlantic coastline of north‐west Scotland.
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐Based Copolymers with Conjugated 2‐(2‐Ethylhexyl)‐3,4‐dimethoxythiophene Side Chains
Authors: Wang Wengong , Chen Lixia , Wang Guo , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Li Yongfang , Shen Ping 
Published: May 2016

In order to regulate the electronic ability of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT), the new electron‐donating unit (BDTOT) is designed and synthesized which consists of a BDT backbone with conjugated 2‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,4‐dimethoxythiophene side chains. By alternating copolymerization of BDTOT with electron‐accepting units of fluorinated benzothiadiazole (FBT), benzothiadiazole (BT), and pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP), three donor–acceptor (D‐A) copolymers (PBDTOT‐FBT, PBDTOT‐BT, and PBDTOT‐DPP) have been developed for PSC applications. The impact of dimethoxythiophene substituent and the electron‐accepting strength of the acceptor units on the absorption, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, and photovoltaic properties of the resultant polymers is investigated in detail. PBDTOT‐BT and PBDTOT‐DPP exhibit relatively narrower bandgaps and PBDTOT‐FBT possesses a down‐shifted HOMO energy level as compared to their corresponding analogs without methoxy groups onto the conjugated thiophene side chains. The screening of the different blend ratio, the processing additive, and polar solvent post‐treatment is conducted to optimize the polymer solar cell (PSC) devices. PSCs with PBDTOT‐FBT as donor deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.55%. By treatment of the active layer with methanol to tailor the morphology, the solar cell based on PBDTOT‐FBT exhibits the remarkably improved PCE of 4.84% with a V
oc of 0.92 V, a J
sc of 8.71 mA cm−2, and an FF of 60.3%.image
Pressure Profile Prediction of Dual‐Thrust Rocket Motors under Uncertainties
Authors: Gawad Alaa R. Abdel , Ahmed Mahmoud Y. M. , Abdalla Hamed M. , El‐Senbawy Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMathematical models that simulate the internal ballistics of solid propellant rocket motors are widely used in lieu of the expensive, hazardous, time‐consuming static firing experiments. Since they rely on the input of various measured data, these models are vulnerable to uncertainties that may deteriorate their prediction accuracy. Improving the accuracy of internal ballistics prediction can be achieved by coupling the mathematical models with optimization algorithm. This paper discusses the issues of uncertainties and their impact on prediction accuracy of developed mathematical models. The model handles two types of dual thrust rocket motors, where the impact of uncertainties is more pronounced since they include more geometric and ballistic parameters. The model is developed based on the fundamental principles of internal ballistics and is coupled with a commercial genetic algorithm optimization tool. Two static firing tests are conducted to assess the proposed optimized prediction model. It is found that prediction optimization via tuning the uncertain parameters has led to significantly improving the prediction accuracy. More importantly, the tuned uncertain parameters give better understanding and clearer insight of the phenomena taking place inside dual thrust solid propellant rocket motors.
Campylobacter jejuni adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase is an active hexamer that is allosterically controlled by the twisting of a regulatory tail
Authors: Mittelstädt Gerd , Moggré Gert‐Jan , Panjikar Santosh , Nazmi Ali Reza , Parker Emily J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (ATP‐PRT) catalyzes the first committed step of the histidine biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms. Here, we present the functional and structural characterization of the ATP‐PRT from the pathogenic ε‐proteobacteria Campylobacter jejuni (CjeATP‐PRT). This enzyme is a member of the long form (HisGL) ATP‐PRT and is allosterically inhibited by histidine, which binds to a remote regulatory domain, and competitively inhibited by AMP. In the crystalline form, CjeATP‐PRT was found to adopt two distinctly different hexameric conformations, with an open homohexameric structure observed in the presence of substrate ATP, and a more compact closed form present when inhibitor histidine is bound. CjeATP‐PRT was observed to adopt only a hexameric quaternary structure in solution, contradicting previous hypotheses favoring an allosteric mechanism driven by an oligomer equilibrium. Instead, this study supports the conclusion that the ATP‐PRT long form hexamer is the active species; the tightening of this structure in response to remote histidine binding results in an inhibited enzyme.
Mechanism Study on the Severe Foaming of Rhamnolipid in Fermentation
Authors: Long Xuwei , Sha Ruyi , Meng Qin , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough the biosurfactant rhamnolipid has been previously characterized as having low foam ability, its fermentation is largely impeded by severe foaming. Hence, the investigation of this paradox is critically important for improving the mass production of rhamnolipid. Unexpectedly, the hydrophobic cell, instead of rhamnolipid, has been claimed to explain such severe foaming in rhamnolipid fermentation. This study tried to systematically investigate the severe foaming in fermentation, aiming to propose an effective strategy for foam control. The overflowing foam sustained a super high stability in terms of half‐time for over 30 min. The major product of rhamnolipid largely contributed to the severe foaming in the fermentation process whereas other products like cells elicited much more limited effects. Furthermore, the foam stability of the fermentation broth increased with rhamnolipid concentration and noticeably increased with agitation speed. In the classic Bikerman foam test system without stirring, rhamnolipid showed foam stability as low as Tween 20 which is well known for its poor foam stability. However, in a stirring Bikerman system, rhamnolipid exhibited a foam stability almost as high as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 10 g/L and even surpassed SDS at a higher concentration of 20 g/L. Hence, the extraordinarily increased foam stability of rhamnolipid with both agitation and concentration could explain the severe foaming at its late‐stage fermentation when rhamnolipid‐rich solution is mechanically agitated.
Icatibant Compared to Steroids and Antihistamines for ACE-Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema
Authors: Botnaru Tudor , Robert Antony , Mottillo Salvatore 
Published: May 2016

Article chosenBas M, Greve J, Stelter K, et al. A Randomized Trial of Icatibant in ACE-Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema. N Engl J Med 2015;372:418-25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1312524.
2015 Nepal Earthquake: Analysis of Child Rescue and Treatment by a Field Hospital
Authors: Wang Jun , Ding Hui , Lv Qi , Chen Jin-hong , Sun Yan-feng , Fan Hao-jun , Liu Qiu-ling 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the rescue and treatment of pediatric patients by the Chinese Red Cross medical team during the Nepal earthquake relief.MethodsThe medical team set up a field hospital; the pediatric clinic consisted of 1 pediatrician and several nurses. Children younger than 18 years old were placed in the pediatric clinic for injury examination and treatment.ResultsDuring the 7-day period of medical assistance (the second to third week after the earthquake), a total of 108 pediatric patients were diagnosed and treated, accounting for 2.8% of the total patients. The earthquake-related injuries mainly required surgical dressing and debridement. No severe limb fractures or traumatic brain injuries were found. Infection of the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin were the most common ailments, accounting for 42.3%, 18.5%, and 16.7%, respectively, of the total treated patients.ConclusionTwo to 3 weeks after the earthquake, the admitted pediatric patients mainly displayed respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. When developing a rescue plan and arranging medical resources, we should consider the necessity of treating non–disaster-related conditions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 4)