bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Pressure Microfluidization of Agro by‐product to Functionalized Dietary Fiber and Evaluation as a Novel Bakery Ingredient
Authors: Yildiz Elif , Demirkesen Ilkem , Mert Behic 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFunctionalization through microfluidization was applied as a prospective method for the production of fibrous structures from hazelnut skin, and which was used as a novel ingredient in a model low water activity bakery product. Although hazelnut skin was used in this study, other common agro by‐products such as wheat bran, corn bran, citrus pulp, etc., could be also processed. Microfluidization led to the disintegration of large particles into flaky and fibrous structures of which entanglement and higher water holding capacity resulted in noticeably different texture and rheological properties. One major advantage of utilization of the functionalized fiber was production of cookies with less water activity at comparable moisture content with control samples. Furthermore, high pressure processing released some of the phenolic compounds which were previously trapped within the cellulosic structures led to cocoa like dark color. Incorporation of the novel fibers into cookie samples slowed down retrogradation rate during the storage period.Practical ApplicationsIn this study a methodology for production of functionalized fibers with high water binding ability is presented. For the production of fibers any kind of cellulosic agro by‐product can be utilized. It was shown that resulting fibers can be used as novel ingredient in bakery products to control texture and moisture content. More specifically moisture content can be increased without water activity exceeding the required limits in the products. Process can be easily scaled up and can be used many different, usually wasted, agro by‐products to obtain value added novel ingredients. Key advantages of the processed hazelnut skin fiber include: controlling water activity, possibility to reduce flour in products, imparting cacao like dark brown color to product and prolonged shelf life.
Does the Oxygen Permeability affect the Equilibrium Gas Concentrations in Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaged Pomegranate Arils?
Authors: Kizilirmak Esmer Ozlem , Yalcin Melikoglu Arzu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effect of oxygen permeability of packaging material on shelf life of minimally processed and passive modified atmosphere packaged pomegranate arils, cv “Wonderful” as well as some quality attributes were investigated. Packaging materials having Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as low as 125–290 cm3/m2/day were found to provide the gas concentration requirements of 2–5% O2 and 3–10% CO2 for passive modified atmosphere application of fresh fruits and vegetables. Although color, firmness, anthocyanin, total phenolic content and sensorial and microbial properties significantly changed there was no significant change in pH, total soluble solids and antioxidant activity during storage period at 5C. Microbial counts of total aerobic bacteria did not exceed the legal limit during storage period but sensorial values were below the limit of threshold on 11th day of storage.OTR of packaging material of pomegranate arils should be as low as 125–290 cm3/m2/day under passive modified atmosphere and its shelf life was determined as 10 days at 5C and 90% Relative humidity (RH).Practical ApplicationsThe results of this project can be utilized by producers of fresh pomegranate arils to decide on packaging material having appropriate oxygen permeability. Thus the fresh cut producers prefer to use packaging materials having higher oxygen transmission rate since minimally processed fruits and vegetables are more susceptible to microbiological and sensorial deterioration because of the higher surface area leading to enhanced respiration rate. However, this situation is not valid for fresh pomegranate arils since the respiration rate of fresh pomegranate arils is lower compared to whole pomegranates.Producers will also get the opinion that shelf life period of fresh pomegranate arils is about 10 days and sensorial properties are more potent than the microbiological properties to determine the end of shelf life due to the nature of pomegranate arils.
Operating a Monitoring Unit in the Geriatric Department: Effects on Outcomes
Authors: Abramovitch Abram , Friedmann Reuven , Zevin Shoshana , Munter Gabriel , Yinnon Amos M. , Raveh‐Brawer David 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of a five‐bed geriatric monitoring unit (MU) on in‐hospital mortality and length of stay with the effect of usual care in a geriatric hospital department and a medical MU.DesignProspective, case–control, noninterventional study.ParticipantsAll individuals hospitalized for 24 hours or longer in the geriatric MU (n = 89, aged 53–101, mean age 82.2 ± 9.6) over a period of 5 months (January–May 2015); individuals admitted to the geriatric department (n = 178, aged 55–100, mean age 83.2 ± 9.8), matched at a ratio of 1:2 according to sex, age ±5 years, and need for mechanical ventilation; and individuals admitted to a similar five‐bed medical MU (n = 95, aged 35–90, mean age 68.2 ± 14.4) during the same period.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe predicted death rate was 49 ± 26 for participants in the geriatric MU, 39.6 ± 27 for those in the medical MU (P = .02), and 36.7 ± 27 for those in the geriatric department (P < .001). Observed in‐hospital mortality was higher for geriatric MU participants (n = 40, 44.9%) than for the department control group (n = 48, 27%) (P = .002), although the mortality ratios (actual divided by predicted death rates) of these two groups were similar, indicating that the more severely ill participants in the geriatric MU did better than control participants in the departments, in particular those requiring hemodynamic pressure support and those with acute renal failure.ConclusionFor elderly, severely ill adults, care in a geriatric MU was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality than care in the hospital geriatric ward and a longer stay and may be an alternative to medical MU admission.
Type‐I interferons mediate the neuroinflammatory response and neurotoxicity induced by rotenone
Authors: Main Bevan S. , Zhang Moses , Brody Kate M. , Kirby Francis J. , Crack Peter J. , Taylor Juliet M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEvidence from post‐mortem human brains, animal studies and cell culture models has implicated neuroinflammation in the aetiology of chronic neuropathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although the neuroinflammatory response is considered detrimental in contributing to these pathologies, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. The type‐I interferons (IFNs) have been well characterised in the periphery and are known to initiate/modulate the immune response. Recently, they have been implicated in ageing and we have also demonstrated increased type‐I IFN expression in post‐mortem human Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease brains. We hypothesise that the type‐I IFNs are key drivers of the damaging, self‐perpetuating pro‐inflammatory response that contributes to these chronic neuropathologies. In support of this, we have recently confirmed in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease that mice lacking the type‐I IFN receptor (IFNAR1), display an attenuated neuroinflammatory response with subsequent neuroprotection. To further investigate type‐I IFN‐mediated neuroinflammation and the specific CNS cell types involved, this study treated primary cultured wild‐type and IFNAR1−/− neurons or mixed glia with the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, rotenone. Wild‐type neurons and glia treated with 3 nM and 25 nM rotenone, respectively, exhibited a pro‐inflammatory response, including increased type‐I IFN expression that was attenuated in cells lacking IFNAR1. Reduced type‐I IFN signalling in IFNAR1−/− neurons also conferred protection against caspase‐3‐mediated rotenone‐induced cell death. Further, this reduced pro‐inflammatory response in the IFNAR1−/− glia subsequently diminished their neurotoxic effects to wild‐type neurons. In support of this, we confirmed that therapeutically targeting the type‐I IFN glial response to rotenone through a specific IFNAR1 blocking monoclonal antibody was neuroprotective. Our data has confirmed that both neurons and glia contribute to the pro‐inflammatory response induced by rotenone with attenuation of this response beneficial in reducing neuronal cell death.
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Second trimester weight gain > 7 kg increases the risk of gestational diabetes after normal first trimester screening
Authors: Boriboonhirunsarn Dittakarn 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between second trimester weight gain and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) after normal first trimester screening.MethodsA total of 195 women at risk for GDM who had normal first trimester screening results were enrolled. The study group consisted of 65 women who had second trimester weight gain > 7 kg, while another 130 women with weight gain ≤ 7 kg served as the comparison group, matched 1:2 by pre‐pregnancy body mass index. GDM screening was repeated during 24–28 weeks of gestation and the incidence of GDM was compared between the groups. Other possible associated factors were evaluated.ResultsMean age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, parity, GDM risks, first trimester weight gain, timing of GDM screening and initial test results were comparable between the groups. The incidence of GDM was significantly higher in the study than in the comparison group (24.6% vs 10.8%,P= 0.012). Logistic regression analysis showed that second trimester weight gain >7 kg and an abnormal 1 oral glucose tolerance test value on first trimester screening independently increased the risk of GDM (adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.13‐6.0,P= 0.025 and 8.36, 95% confidence interval 2.62–26.66,P< 0.001, respectively).ConclusionSecond trimester weight gain > 7 kg and an abnormal 1 oral glucose tolerance test value at first screening increased the risk of GDM in at‐risk women.
Evolution and significance of the triple risk model in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Spinelli Jade , Collins‐Praino Lyndsey , Van Den Heuvel Corinna , Byard Roger W 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of death in infants, although the mechanisms leading to death remain unclear. Multiple theories have emerged over time, with one of the most influential hypotheses being the triple risk model. This model, first devised in 1972 and later revised in 1994 by Filiano and Kinney, is still widely used in assisting with conceptualising and understanding sudden death in infancy. This model has evolved over time, with each version stressing that SIDS is likely to occur when certain risk factors coincide, suggesting that the lethal mechanisms in SIDS are likely to be multifactorial. All versions of the triple risk model from 1972 to the present have emphasised the complexity of SIDS and serve as useful guides for current and future research into the enigma of sudden and unexpected death in infancy.
Association of the Production of Phenylpropanoid Compounds at the Infection Sites of Corynespora cassiicola with Soybean Resistance against Target Spot
Authors: Fortunato Alessandro Antônio , Araujo Leonardo , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study investigated, at the microscopic level, whether the differential defence responses of soybean cultivars that are resistant (Fundacep 59) and susceptible (TMG 132) to target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, could be associated with an increase in the production of phenolics, flavonoids and lignin at the infection sites. Many larger necrotic lesions with yellow halos were noticed on the leaves of plants from cultivar TMG 132, in contrast to the leaves of plants from cultivar Fundacep 59. Necrotic lesions also developed on the petioles of leaves of plants from cultivar TMG 132, while on the petioles and veins of leaves of plants from cultivar Fundacep 59, the lesions were of purple colour. The growth of fungal hyphae was reduced on the leaves of plants from cultivar Fundacep 59, and an apparently high density of trichomes was found in comparison with the leaves of plants from cultivar TMG 132. An appressorium‐like structure was produced at one or both extremities of the conidium of C. cassiicola, preferentially at the major and minor veins on the adaxial leaf surface of plants from both cultivars. Most cells on the leaves of plants from cultivar Fundacep 59 reacted against C. cassiicola infection by accumulating phenolic‐like compounds, which contributed to the death of many fungal hyphae and a greater maintenance of cell integrity. In contrast, fungal hyphae grew without any impedance in the leaf cells of plants from cultivar TMG 132, which was associated with signs of intense leaf tissue disorganization. Stronger autofluorescence and deposition of lignin and flavonoids were found in the cells of leaves of plants from cultivar Fundacep 59, in contrast to cultivar TMG 132. It can be concluded that soybean resistance to target spot is probably dependent on the activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway.
The Impact of Support Services Teams: Community‐Based Behavioral Health Support Interventions
Authors: Owen Randall , Bowers Anne , Heller Tamar , Hsieh Kelly , Gould Robert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground: Community capacity to serve people with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) and behavioral health challenges is often limited. Using interdisciplinary teams to work with stakeholders, including people with IDD, their families, providers, and agencies may help increase this capacity. One example in the United States is the Support Services Teams (SST) program of a midwestern state. Specific Aims: This research aimed to identify changes before to after referral to SST in the proportion of people who used and the total number of admissions/visits, and prescriptions; and the Medicaid liability associated with emergency room (ER), hospital, and pharmacy services for SST participants. Second, the research described the SST participants and services provided. Method: The authors used Wilcoxon and McNemar's tests to compare hospital, ER, and pharmacy outcome measures for 109 people who were referred to SST and had 12 months of data before and after referral. Separate analyses were also conducted for the 88 people who remained in the community after referral and the 21 people who had short institutional stays. Findings: For the full population of SST participants, the proportion of people with a hospital admission, the total number of hospital admissions, and Medicaid liability for hospitalizations significantly decreased from before to after referral to SST. Medicaid liability for prescriptions significantly decreased for people with an institutional stay. Changes in the other outcomes trended downwards, although not significantly. Discussion: This study shows that the use of interdisciplinary teams for people with IDD and behavioral health challenges can be effective in reducing the use of services. These teams can help to build community capacity to work with these individuals and avoid more costly ER and hospital services and reduce the number of medications prescribed.
Sensitivity of subtropical forest and savanna productivity to climate variability in South America, Uruguay
Authors: Lucas Christine , Ceroni Mauricio , Baeza Santiago , Muñoz Ariel A. , Brazeiro Alejandro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionsIncreasing climate variability has major effects on forest productivity, as well as transitions between forest and savanna ecosystems. While drought‐induced declines in tropical forest productivity and forest loss is a global concern, forest expansion in subtropical South America predicted by climate models has received little attention. In the forest–grassland transition zone encompassing Uruguay, we ask: (1) how does climate variability affect woodland productivity and at what time scales; and (2) how do different woodland types (riparian, hillside and wooded savanna) differ in their sensitivity to climate variability?LocationForests and wooded savanna in Uruguay, subtropical southeast South America.MethodsPrimary productivity was measured as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) based on monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from multitemporal (1998–2012) SPOT imagery at a 1 km × 1 km resolution, covering 19% of Uruguayan woodlands. The effects of accumulated rainfall and mean temperature on the productivity of riparian and hillside forests and wooded savanna were evaluated using correlations and time series analysis over multiple time windows ranging from 1–24 mo.ResultsInter‐annual rainfall variability and seasonal temperatures affected forest productivity even though average conditions were largely non‐limiting. Periods of exceptionally high rainfall and warm winters had positive effects on forest productivity, but hot summers had a negative effect on all woodland productivity. Riparian and hillside forest productivity was equally susceptible to drought, showing similar relationships to accumulated rainfall over multiple time periods, as well as similar susceptibility to high summer temperatures. Wooded savanna – a composite cover of trees and a grass/forb understorey – productivity was linked to seasonal rainfall over 3–6 mo, and in general showed the lowest correlation with inter‐annual variability in rainfall.ConclusionsResults suggest functional convergence in the response of riparian and hillside forests to water deficit and hot summers. The increases in forest productivity with increasing rainfall and declining drought risk – as predicted by the IPCC for this region – are a potential mechanism for increased growth and future expansion of forests in this biogeographic transition zone.
Effect of NaCrSi2O6 component on Lindsley's pyroxene thermometer: An evaluation based on strongly metamorphosed LL chondrites
Authors: Nakamuta Y. , Urata K. , Shibata Y. , Kuwahara Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn Lindsley's thermometry, a revised sequence of calculation of components is proposed for clinopyroxene, in which kosmochlor component is added. Temperatures obtained for the components calculated by the revised method are about 50 °C lower than those obtained for the components calculated by the Lindsley's original method and agree well with temperatures obtained from orthopyroxenes. Ca‐partitioning between clino‐ and orthopyroxenes is then thought to be equilibrated in types 5 to 7 ordinary chondrites. The temperatures for Tuxtuac (LL5), Dhurmsala (LL6), NWA 2092 (LL6/7), and Dho 011 (LL7) are 767–793°, 818–835°, 872–892°, and 917–936°C, respectively, suggesting that chondrites of higher petrographic types show higher equilibrium temperatures of pyroxenes. The regression equations which relate temperature and Wo and Fs contents in the temperature‐contoured pyroxene quadrilateral of 1 atm of Lindsley (1983) are also determined by the least squares method. It is possible to reproduce temperatures with an error less than 20 °C (2SE) using the regression equations.
Genomewide SNP data reveal cryptic phylogeographic structure and microallopatric divergence in a rapids‐adapted clade of cichlids from the Congo River
Authors: Alter S. Elizabeth , Munshi‐South Jason , Stiassny Melanie L. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe lower Congo River is a freshwater biodiversity hot spot in Africa characterized by some of the world's largest rapids. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces shaping this diversity, which include numerous endemic fishes. We investigated phylogeographic relationships in Teleogramma, a small clade of rheophilic cichlids, in the context of regional geography and hydrology. Previous studies have been unable to resolve phylogenetic relationships within Teleogramma due to lack of variation in nuclear genes and discrete morphological characters among putative species. To sample more broadly across the genome, we analysed double‐digest restriction‐associated sequencing (ddRAD) data from 53 individuals across all described species in the genus. We also assessed body shape and mitochondrial variation within and between taxa. Phylogenetic analyses reveal previously unrecognized lineages and instances of microallopatric divergence across as little as ~1.5 km. Species ranges appear to correspond to geographic regions broadly separated by major hydrological and topographic barriers, indicating these features are likely important drivers of diversification. Mitonuclear discordance indicates one or more introgressive hybridization events, but no clear evidence of admixture is present in nuclear genomes, suggesting these events were likely ancient. A survey of female fin patterns hints that previously undetected lineage‐specific patterning may be acting to reinforce species cohesion. These analyses highlight the importance of hydrological complexity in generating diversity in certain freshwater systems, as well as the utility of ddRAD‐Seq data in understanding diversification processes operating both below and above the species level.
Genetic structure in the European endemic seabird, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, shaped by a complex interaction of historical and contemporary, physical and nonphysical drivers
Authors: Thanou Evanthia , Sponza Stefano , Nelson Emily J. , Perry Annika , Wanless Sarah , Daunt Francis , Cavers Stephen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGeographically separated populations tend to be less connected by gene flow, as a result of physical or nonphysical barriers preventing dispersal, and this can lead to genetic structure. In this context, highly mobile organisms such as seabirds are interesting because the small effect of physical barriers means nonphysical ones may be relatively more important. Here, we use microsatellite and mitochondrial data to explore the genetic structure and phylogeography of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of a European endemic seabird, the European shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, and identify the primary drivers of their diversification. Analyses of mitochondrial markers revealed three phylogenetic lineages grouping the North Atlantic, Spanish/Corsican and eastern Mediterranean populations, apparently arising from fragmentation during the Pleistocene followed by range expansion. These traces of historical fragmentation were also evident in the genetic structure estimated by microsatellite markers, despite significant contemporary gene flow among adjacent populations. Stronger genetic structure, probably promoted by landscape, philopatry and local adaptation, was found among distant populations and those separated by physical and ecological barriers. This study highlights the enduring effect of Pleistocene climatic changes on shag populations, especially within the Mediterranean Basin, and suggests a role for cryptic northern refugia, as well as known southern refugia, on the genetic structure of European seabirds. Finally, it outlines how contemporary ecological barriers and behavioural traits may maintain population divergence, despite long‐distance dispersal triggered by extreme environmental conditions (e.g. population crashes).