bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Radical Anions Triggered by Bacteria In Situ for Selective Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yang Yuchong , He Ping , Wang Yunxia , Bai Haotian , Wang Shu , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA supramolecular complex that can be selectively reduced to radical anions in situ by facultative anaerobic bacteria is reported. To this end, a water‐soluble bifunctional monomer bearing perylene diimide was synthesized, and its supramolecular complex with cucurbit[7]uril was fabricated on the basis of host–guest complexation, which could be reduced to forming radical anions in the presence of E. coli. It was found that this supramolecular complex could display different ability of generating radical anions by facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in terms of their various reductive abilities. The selective antibacterial activity of the supramolecular complex could be realized by the photothermal performance of the radical anions under near‐infrared irradiation. It is anticipated that this method may lead to a novel bacteria‐responsive photothermal therapy to regulate balance of bacterial flora.
Three‐Dimensional Graphene Networks with Abundant Sharp Edge Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Huaping , Li Xu‐Bing , Gao Lei , Wu Hao‐Lin , Yang Jie , Cai Le , Ma Tian‐Bao , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu , Yu Gui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo achieve sustainable production of hydrogen (H2) through water splitting, establishing efficient and earth‐abundant electrocatalysts is of great necessity. Morphology engineering of graphene is now shown to modulate the electronic structure of carbon skeleton and in turn endow it with excellent ability of proton reduction. Three‐dimensional (3D) graphene networks with a high density of sharp edge sites are synthesized. Electrocatalytic measurements indicate that the obtained 3D graphene networks can electrocatalyze H2 evolution with an extremely low onset potential of about 18 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution, together with good stability. A combination of control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) investigations indicates that the exceptional H2 evolution performance is attributed to the abundant sharp edge sites of the advanced frameworks, which are responsible for promoting the adsorption and reduction of protons.
Peptide strand length controls the energetics of self‐assembly and morphology of β‐sheet fibrils
Authors: Davies Robert P. W. , Liu Binbin , Maude Steven , Carrick Lisa M. , Nyrkova Irina , McLeish Tom C. , Harris Sarah A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembling peptides can be used as versatile, natural, and multifunctional building blocks to produce a variety of well‐defined nanostructures, materials and devices for applications in medicine and nanotechnology. Here, we concentrate on the 1D self‐assembly of de novo designed Px‐2 peptide β‐strands into anti‐parallel β‐sheet tapes and higher order aggregates. We study six members of the Px‐2 family, ranging from 3 amino acids (aa) to 13 aa in length, using a range of complementary experimental techniques, computer simulation and theoretical statistical mechanics. The critical concentration for self‐assembly (c*) is found to increase systematically with decreasing peptide length. The shortest peptide found to self‐assemble into soluble β‐tapes in water is a 5 amino acid residue peptide. These investigations help decipher the role of the peptide length in controlling self‐assembly, aggregate morphology, and material properties. By extracting free energies from these data using a statistical mechanical analysis and combining the results with computer simulations at the atomistic level, we can extract the entropy of association for individual β‐strands.
Conformational properties, membrane interaction, and antibacterial activity of the peptaibiotic chalciporin A: Multitechnique spectroscopic and biophysical investigations on the natural compound and labeled analogs
Authors: Biondi Barbara , Peggion Cristina , De Zotti Marta , Pignaffo Chiara , Dalzini Annalisa , Bortolus Marco , Oancea Simona , Hilma Geta , Bortolotti Annalisa , Stella Lorenzo , Pedersen Jens Z. , Syryamina Victoria N. , Tsvetkov Yuri D. , Dzuba Sergei A. , Toniolo Claudio , Formaggio Fernando 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, an extensive set of spectroscopic and biophysical techniques (including FT‐IR absorption, CD, 2D‐NMR, fluorescence, and CW/PELDOR EPR) was used to study the conformational preferences, membrane interaction, and bioactivity properties of the naturally occurring synthetic 14‐mer peptaibiotic chalciporin A, characterized by a relatively low (≈20%), uncommon proportion of the strongly helicogenic Aib residue. In addition to the unlabeled peptide, we gained in‐depth information from the study of two labeled analogs, characterized by one or two residues of the helicogenic, nitroxyl radical‐containing TOAC. All three compounds were prepared using the SPPS methodology, which was carefully modified in the course of the syntheses of TOAC‐labeled analogs in view of the poorly reactive α‐amino function of this very bulky residue and the specific requirements of its free‐radical side chain. Despite its potentially high flexibility, our results point to a predominant, partly amphiphilic, α‐helical conformation for this peptaibiotic. Therefore, not surprisingly, we found an effective membrane affinity and a remarkable penetration propensity. However, chalciporin A exhibits a selectivity in its antibacterial activity not in agreement with that typical of the other members of this peptide class.
Combined metabolomic and correlation networks analyses reveal fumarase insufficiency altered amino acid metabolism
Authors: Hou Entai , Li Xian , Liu Zerong , Zhang Fuchang , Tian Zhongmin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFumarase catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate andl‐malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Fumarase insufficiencies were associated with increased levels of fumarate, decreased levels of malate and exacerbated salt‐induced hypertension. To gain insights into the metabolism profiles induced by fumarase insufficiency and identify key regulatory metabolites, we applied a GC–MS based metabolomics platform coupled with a network approach to analyze fumarase insufficient human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and negative controls. A total of 24 altered metabolites involved in seven metabolic pathways were identified as significantly altered, and enriched for the biological module of amino acids metabolism. In addition, Pearson correlation network analysis revealed that fumaric acid,l‐malic acid,l‐aspartic acid, glycine andl‐glutamic acid were hub metabolites according to Pagerank based on their three centrality indices. Alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities increased significantly in fumarase deficiency HUVEC. These results confirmed that fumarase insufficiency altered amino acid metabolism. The combination of metabolomics and network methods would provide another perspective on expounding the molecular mechanism at metabolomics level.
Emergency extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A two‐center experience of incidence, outcome and temporal trends from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Trenkwalder Teresa , Pellegrini Costanza , Holzamer Andreas , Philipp Alois , Rheude Tobias , Michel Jonathan , Reinhard Wibke , Joner Michael , Kasel Albert M. , Kastrati Adnan , Schunkert Heribert , Endemann Dierk , Debl Kurt , Mayr N. Patrick , Hilker Michael , Hengstenberg Christian , Husser Oliver 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the incidence of periprocedural complications has decreased in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), life‐threatening complications occur and emergency veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) can provide immediate circulatory stabilization. We report our two‐center experience of vaECMO during life‐threatening complications in TAVI.MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2015, 1,810 consecutive patients underwent TAVI at two centers. Clinical characteristics, type of complication, outcome and temporal trends in the requirement of emergency vaECMO were evaluated.ResultsLife‐threatening complications requiring vaECMO occurred in 1.8% of cases (33 patients; 22 transfemoral, 11 transapical). Indications for vaECMO were ventricular rupture (30%, 10/33), low output (15%, 5/33), bleeding (12%, 4/33), coronary artery impairment (9%, 3/33), ventricular arrhythmias (6%, 2/33), severe aortic regurgitation (6%, 2/33), aortic annular rupture (6%, 2/33), and aortic dissection (3%, 1/33). In 4 cases, no definite cause for hemodynamic instability was identified. Conversion to open heart surgery was necessary in 42% of patients (14/33). Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in all cases with coronary artery impairment (9%, 3/33). Patients with severe aortic regurgitation (6%, 2/33) underwent emergency valve‐in‐valve implantation. Other patients received, in addition to vaECMO support conservative treatment (42%, 14/33). In‐hospital mortality and 30‐day mortality were 46% (15/33). Of patients discharged, 67% (12/18) had no neurological impairment, whereas mild and severe neurological impairment was found in 11% (2/18) and 22% (4/18), respectively. From 2010 to 2015, with increasing procedures (from n = 43 to n = 553) requirement of vaECMO decreased from 9.3% to 0.9% (P for the trend <0.001).ConclusionOver a 6‐year period, need for emergency vaECMO during TAVI significantly decreased over time. Despite high in‐hospital mortality, vaECMO represents a feasible strategy for hemodynamic support in case of life‐threatening complications.
A feasibility study of transaxillary TAVI with the lotus valve
Authors: Doshi Sagar N. , George Sudhakar , Kwok Chun Shing , Mechery Anthony , Mamas Mamas , Ludman Peter F. , Townend Jonathan N. , Bhabra Moninder 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of axillary transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the Lotus valve.BackgroundTAVI is used to treat patients with severe aortic stenosis, with transfemoral (TF) access being the safest and most widely used route. In patients unsuitable for this, there are reports that the axillary artery may be safest alternative access route. The Lotus device is a fully retrievable 2nd generation transcatheter heart valve which is licensed for femoral and transaortic access. There are limited data on the suitability of this valve for axillary access.MethodsWe assessed the feasibility of transaxillary TAVI with the Lotus valve in patients unsuitable for TF TAVI. Between January and October 2016, we identified 10 patients who underwent transaxillary TAVI with the Lotus valve. This cohort was compared with 347 (85%) patients who underwent TF TAVI, 45 (11%) patients who underwent and trans‐apical or direct‐aortic TAVI and the total group of 16 (4%) patients who underwent axillary TAVI.ResultsTen patients aged 75 years (69–83) underwent attempted TAVI with the Lotus via axillary access. Device success was 100%. In‐hospital and 30‐day mortality was zero. There were no neurological events, no major vascular complications and no myocardial infarctions. Four of 10 patients required a pacemaker post‐TAVI. No patient was left with moderate or greater aortic regurgitation. Median length of stay was 3 daysConclusionsTAVI with the Lotus valve is feasible via the axillary artery and appears safe in our small cohort of patients.
Emergent percutaneous therapy for left ventricular assist device retrograde flow
Authors: Wilson Ryan E. , Gurley John C. , Rajagopalan Navin , Tribble Thomas A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith the number of heart transplants being performed each year stagnating due to lack of donors the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patient population will continue to grow. As more and more patients are living longer with LVADs, either as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy, we will continue to see an increased number of complications related to assist device therapy. One of the common challenges physicians face are patients who suffer from both bleeding and thrombotic complications. When bleeding complications occur anticoagulation is usually reduced or discontinued and then the thrombosis risk increases. Once a pump thrombosis occurs there are limited percutaneous treatment strategies available, especially in the setting of a recent bleeding event. Surgical exchange is the only definitive therapy and that can be a high risk and difficult operation. Turning off an LVAD may become necessary, as it did in our case, but that can lead to significant retrograde flow through the device and rapid patient decline. A prompt percutaneous therapy is needed to stabilize these patients.
Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 11
Authors: Qadota Hiroshi , Matsunaga Yohei , Nguyen Ken C.Q. , Mattheyses Alexa , Hall David H. , Benian Guy M. 
Published: November 2017

The cover image, by Hiroshi Qadota et al., is based on the Research Article High‐resolution imaging of muscle attachment structures in Caenorhabditis elegans, DOI: 10.1002/cm.21410.
image
Effects of temperature and drought on early life stages in three species of butterflies: Mortality of early life stages as a key determinant of vulnerability to climate change?
Authors: Klockmann Michael , Fischer Klaus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change poses substantial challenges to biodiversity conservation. Well‐documented responses include phenological and range shifts, and declines in cold but increases in warm‐adapted species. Thus, some species will suffer while others will benefit from ongoing change, although the biological features determining the prospects of a given species under climate change are largely unknown. By comparing three related butterfly species of different vulnerability to climate change, we show that stress tolerance during early development may be of key importance. The arguably most vulnerable species showed the strongest decline in egg hatching success under heat and desiccation stress, and similar pattern also for hatchling mortality. Research, especially on insects, is often focussed on the adult stage only. Thus, collating more data on stress tolerance in different life stages will be of crucial importance for enhancing our abilities to predict the fate of particular species and populations under ongoing climate change.
Ethmoidal adenocarcinoma treated by exclusive endoscopic approach: Focus on learning curve and modification of management
Authors: Oker Natalie , Verillaud Benjamin , Wassef Michel , Froelich Sébastien , Bresson Damien , Kania Romain , Herman Philippe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome and recurrences for ethmoidal adenocarcinomas treated by exclusive endoscopic surgery in curative intent and investigate the role of the learning curve.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study, including 60 patients separated in 2 groups (2002‐2011 n = 28 and 2012‐2015 n = 32).ResultsThe global survival rate at 5 years was 72.6%, and the global and local recurrence rates were 21.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The learning curve had significant impact on global survival at 2 years (93.8% vs 77.8%) and on overall and local recurrences, despite the higher rate of T4 classifications in the latter group. This learning curve could be explained by the evolution toward large endoscopic resection, bilateral, with resection of the cribriform plate, and eventually medial maxillectomy, and started on the healthy side.ConclusionFor selected cases, exclusive endoscopic resection of ethmoid adenocarcinoma achieves results at least as good as craniofacial resection when performed by an experienced cranial base team and including a large endoscopic resection.
Sensory recovery of myomucosal flap oral cavity reconstructions
Authors: Massarelli Olindo , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Biglio Andrea , Gobbi Roberta , Dell'aversana Orabona Giovanni , De Riu Giacomo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundSensory restoration of the oral cavity is a primary aim of reconstructive surgery in posttraumatic or postablative defects. Sensitivity plays a key role in oral function, whose impairment strongly affects the patient's quality of life. Cheek myomucosal flaps provide a reliable and tissue‐like reconstruction of these regions but their sensitive recovery, which we still know little about, deserves thorough assessment.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the myomucosal cheek flaps were tested for different aspects of sensory recovery: touch; 2‐point discrimination; pain; sharp/smooth discrimination; ability to feel hot/cold stimulus; stereognosis; and taste.ResultsFifty‐two myomucosal flap reconstructions were investigated. All sensitivity tests showed positive results. When comparison was possible, sensitivity seemed significantly close to the contralateral healthy side. Sensory recovery proved to be even better than that reported on reinnervated microvascular free flap reconstructions of the oral cavity.ConclusionMyomucosal flap reconstruction demonstrated a high degree of sensory recovery.
Dose‐finding and efficacy confirmation trial of the superselective intra‐arterial infusion of cisplatin and concomitant radiotherapy for locally advanced maxillary sinus cancer (Japan Clinical Oncology Group 1212): Dose‐finding phase
Authors: Homma Akihiro , Onimaru Rikiya , Matsuura Kazuto , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Sakashita Tomohiro , Shiga Kiyoto , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kenichi , Mizusawa Junki , Kitahara Hideaki , Eba Junko , Fukuda Haruhiko , Fujii Masato , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe are currently undertaking a multi‐institutional prospective trial of the superselective intra‐arterial infusion of high‐dose cisplatin with concomitant radiotherapy for patients with T4aN0M0 or T4bN0M0 locally advanced maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). We herein report the results of the dose‐finding phase.MethodsThe dose‐finding phase sought to evaluate the incidence of dose‐limiting toxicities and determine the recommended number of cycles of the intra‐arterial infusion of cisplatin. In this phase, 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin was administered intra‐arterially weekly for 7 weeks with concomitant radiotherapy (70 Gy).ResultsAll 18 patients received a full dose of radiotherapy. The number of cycles of cisplatin was 7 in 13 patients and 6 in 5 patients. The dose‐limiting toxicities were observed in 5 patients.ConclusionThese results indicated that this therapy is safe and well‐tolerated at 7 cycles of cisplatin, which was determined to be the recommended number of cycles for locally advanced maxillary sinus SCC.
Effect of general anesthesia and intubation on parathyroid levels in normal patients and those with hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Cinamon Udi , Gavish Doron , Ovnat Tamir Sharon , Goldfarb Abraham , Ezri Tiberiu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundInduction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation may precipitate parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The purposes of this study were to revisit this observation and to study its impact in healthy patients.MethodsPatients with primary HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were retrospectively studied. The PTH was sampled and compared: before, immediately after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, and 15 minutes after parathyroidectomy. Healthy adults who underwent elective operations were prospectively studied. The PTH was sampled before general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, immediately after, and 15 minutes later.ResultsThirty‐one patients, aged 28‐89 years (mean 60.1 ± 13 years), were retrospectively studied. The PTH was significantly elevated after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation (P = .014). Fifty patients, aged 21‐86 years (mean 54 ± 15 years), were prospectively studied. The PTH elevation after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation was not significant.ConclusionGeneral anesthesia and endotracheal intubation causes an immediate, steep, and significant PTH elevation in patients with primary HPT but only a minor change in healthy adults. The difference may be attributed to an impaired adrenergic response in patients with primary HPT.
NeXt for neuro‐radiosurgery: A fully automatic approach for necrosis extraction in brain tumor MRI using an unsupervised machine learning technique
Authors: Rundo Leonardo , Militello Carmelo , Tangherloni Andrea , Russo Giorgio , Vitabile Salvatore , Gilardi Maria Carla , Mauri Giancarlo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStereotactic neuro‐radiosurgery is a well‐established therapy for intracranial diseases, especially brain metastases and highly invasive cancers that are difficult to treat with conventional surgery or radiotherapy. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most used modality in radiation therapy for soft‐tissue anatomical districts, allowing for an accurate gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation. Investigating also necrotic material within the whole tumor has significant clinical value in treatment planning and cancer progression assessment. These pathological necrotic regions are generally characterized by hypoxia, which is implicated in several aspects of tumor development and growth. Therefore, particular attention must be deserved to these hypoxic areas that could lead to recurrent cancers and resistance to therapeutic damage. This article proposes a novel fully automatic method for necrosis extraction (NeXt), using the Fuzzy C‐Means algorithm, after the GTV segmentation. This unsupervised Machine Learning technique detects and delineates the necrotic regions also in heterogeneous cancers. The overall processing pipeline is an integrated two‐stage segmentation approach useful to support neuro‐radiosurgery.NeXtcan be exploited for dose escalation, allowing for a more selective strategy to increase radiation dose in hypoxic radioresistant areas. Moreover,NeXtanalyzes contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MR images alone and does not require multispectral MRI data, representing a clinically feasible solution. This study considers an MRI dataset composed of 32 brain metastatic cancers, wherein 20 tumors present necroses. The segmentation accuracy ofNeXtwas evaluated using both spatial overlap‐based and distance‐based metrics, achieving these average values: Dice similarity coefficient 95.93% ± 4.23% and mean absolute distance 0.225 ± 0.229 (pixels).