bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potencial económico de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Sierra Márquez Juan , Sierra Márquez Lucellys , Olivero-Verbel Jesus 
Published: August 2017

The objective of this research was to highlight the economic importance of the optimal use of products and byproducts of oil palm. In Colombia, productive crops per hectare can generate, over one year, an average of 3.14 tons of oil, and up to 21.68 t of solid and liquid waste when the plant is on a productive stage. These data allowed the researcher to estimate that more than nine million of t of solid and liquid waste was produced from the 450 131 ha present in 2014, in Colombia; the produced biomass was used to generate energy and steam, releasing carbon dioxide back again into the environment. These residues have great potential in many industries, some to be developed, therefore, it is of special importance to try to maximize the use of waste produced by oil palm production, to generate economic and environmental benefits. An example of this is the palm kernel cake, with a nutritional potential in animal feed, fiber in the biocompound industry, biomass and stipe in the timber industry, glycerol, biodiesel, and liquid effluents in the chemical and biotechnological industry. The use of these raw materials may help to establish a positive balance in the cultivation of this species of oil palm in the country.
Экология культуры и тезаурусная трактовка будущего
Authors: Луков Валерий Андреевич 
Published: August 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;"> </p><p>Статья вводит в тематику третьего и четвертого номеров журнала «Горизонты гуманитарного знания», которая прежде всего акцентирует внимание на различных сторонах экологии культуры, но в особом направлении, а именно связывает экологию культуры не столько с сохранением культурного наследия, сколько с будущими состояниями общества. Название темы номеров «Горизонты будущего: аспект экологии культуры» отражает это понимание термина, который в определенном смысле превратился в концепт, т. е. в нем совмещается логика с ценностной установкой, с образом, что и определяет его тезаурусную трактовку.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></em></p>
Cargo por confiabilidad: ¿éxito o fracaso?
Authors: Ospina Riaño Andrés David , Mosquera Palacios Diewiskey 
Published: August 2017

Con el objetivo de garantizar la confiabilidad en el suministro de energía eléctrica para el país, la Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG) diseñó, en el año 2006, el esquema del cargo por confiabilidad. Dicho esquema está compuesto por: (i) una remuneración que se paga por la disponibilidad futura de los activos de generación que requiere el país, y que pretende garantizar la entrega de la energía comprometida por los beneficiarios del cargo, previa asignación de una serie de cantidades de energía para entregar a futuro por estos, a través de un mecanismo de subasta, y (ii) un precio de escasez que establece la autoridad regulatoria, y que activa la exigibilidad de las obligaciones de energía comprometidas, cuando el precio de la energía en la bolsa supera el citado precio de escasez.Este mecanismo de remuneración de obligaciones futuras de entrega de energía ha viabilizado la inversión en los recursos de generación que requiere el país, para garantizar de manera eficiente la atención de la demanda de energía en condiciones críticas de abastecimiento, brindando señales económicas de inversión a largo plazo y permitiendo la estabilización de los ingresos de los generadores beneficiarios del cargo.No obstante los citados beneficios, y con ocasión del fenómeno de El Niño que ha afectado al país y de algunas situaciones de presunto incumplimiento en la entrega de las obligaciones de energía firme a cargo de un número reducido de beneficiarios del cargo6, han surgido voces críticas en relación con el esquema del cargo por confiabilidad, que obligan a la comunidad jurídica a analizar la situación por la que atraviesa el Mercado de Energía Mayorista colombiano (MEM), así como la eficiencia del mecanismo diseñado por el regulador.Principalmente, surge una serie de inquietudes que pueden resumirse en cuatro básicas, que serán desarrolladas en el presente documento, así: (i) cuál es la naturaleza jurídica y económica del cargo por confiabilidad, (ii) si dicha herramienta genera obligaciones de disponibilidad para los agentes que reciben asignaciones de obligaciones de energía firme, (iii) si el diseño estructural de la metodología del cargo por confiabilidad debe ser revisado y por qué y (iv) qué soluciones podrían plantearse desde lo jurídico, no solo para mejorar la estructura de la metodología bajo análisis, sino para atender de manera integral la crítica situación por la que atraviesa el Sistema Interconectado Nacional (SIN).
Notas sobre Ergatividade em Xikrín
Authors: Cabral Ana Suelly , Rodrigues Aryon Dall'Igna , Costa Lucivaldo da 
Published: August 2017

Após breve apresentação das classes de temas verbais, dos prefixos relacionais e dos marcadores de pessoa em Xikrín, é descrita uma cisão entre alinhamentos nominativo-absolutivo e ergativo-absolutivo condicionada pela modificação circunstancial dos predicados.
O avanço de Oblíquos em Panará
Authors: Dourado Luciana 
Published: August 2017

O objetivo desta comunicação é mostrar que, em Panará, certas posposições, ao se incorporarem ao núcleo verbal para formar construções aplicativas, não provocam, aparentemente, qualquer mudança nas relações gramaticais entre o verbo e os seus argumentos. Estratégias de relativização (Keenan & Comrie 1977), no entanto, demonstram que o objeto da posposição incorporada é promovido a objeto direto (Perlmutter & Postal 1974). Tais termos compõem uma série distinta dos termos básicos de referência e vocativos. Demonstram um requinte lógico, preenchendo uma lacuna semântica que falta em línguas como inglês ou português. Manifestam noções de geometria (ou etno-matemática), demonstrando, no caso Me)bengôkre, a sofisticação de
O vocabulário Kaingáng de Ambrosetti (1894) e as relações lingüísticas e históricas da Aldeia de Ingacorá (RS) com Misiones (Arg.)
Authors: D'Angelis Wilmar da Rocha , Fernandes Daniela Sampaio Bonafé 
Published: August 2017

Em 1892 e 1894 o pesquisador argentino Juan Bautista Ambrosetti visitou e realizou pesquisa junto à então única comunidade Kaingang vivendo fora do Brasil, nas proximidades de San Pedro (Misiones). Entre os resultados que publicou inclui-se um valioso vocabulário, seja por seu ineditismo, seja por ser um dos únicos documentos desse tipo conhecidos sobre os Kaingang de Misiones, seja, ainda, por sua extensão. No Brasil o trabalho de Ambrosetti só começou a ser conhecido e efetivamente citado quase 100 anos depois de sua publicação, mas continua sendo documento de difícil acesso. Esse texto traz informação do trabalho em andamento para dar ao vocabulário de Ambrosetti uma divulgação ampla e, ao mesmo tempo, de como esse vocabulário foi empregado em pesquisa (com apoio da FAPESP), para identificar relações históricas, através da filiação lingüística, entre a comunidade Kaingang de Inhacorá (RS) e as comunidades Kaingang que existiram na Argentina.
Aspectos da Morfossintaxe Krenak
Authors: Seki Lucy 
Published: August 2017

O trabalho apresenta uma análise preliminar das orações independentes (declarativas, interrogativas, imperativas) da língua Krenak, única representante atual da família Botocudo (Borum), e que se encontra em avançado processo de extinção. A análise se baseia em dados coletados a 04 falantes adultos, um residente na Aldeia Krenak (rio Doce, MG), e três no P.I. Vanuíre (SãoPaulo), no período de janeiro de 1980 a janeiro de 1982. O trabalho aborda ainda a questão das classes de palavras e a estrutura da locução nominal da língua.
A Morfologia do Verbo em Yaathe
Authors: Costa Januacele Francisca da 
Published: August 2017

Em Yaathe, qualquer raiz – substantivo ou adjetivo – pode servir de base para compor um verbo, por afixar-se-lhe um morfema (que pode ser de uma categoria própria do verbo, ou por derivação). As categorias pelas quais os verbos podem ser especificados incluem tempo, aspecto, modo, voz, polaridade, intensidade. Apesar de a língua agregar muitos sufixos à raiz, não consideramos Yaathe uma língua aglutinante porque, de modo geral, não há fronteira clara entre morfemas, e diferentes categorias podem ser fundidas para constituir um morfema que não pode ser segmentado. Em termos da dimensão síntese-análise, a língua não se situa em nenhuma das extremidades da escala. Em termos da dimensão aglutinação-fusão, a língua apresenta alguma segmentabilidade de morfemas, mas esses têm, na maior parte, formas variantes produzidas por processos morfofonológicos.
A perspectiva paleontológica no ensino da História Natural e em áreas afins
Authors: Bergue Cristianini Trescastro 
Published: August 2017

A Paleontologia possui abordagens significativamente diferentes nas Geociências e nas Biociências e seu ensino assume, geralmente, uma perspectiva instrumental. Na proposta de ensino aqui discutida, a qual baseia-se na transversalidade e no chamado Diagrama de Lipps, a Paleontologia é assumida como um tema e não uma disciplina. Além disso sustenta-se que a perspectiva paleontológica pode transcender a História Natural e abranger um espectro mais amplo de conhecimentos. Esta proposta de ensino baseia-se na análise dos principais atributos adotados classicamente para a definição dos fósseis, ou seja, a idade e o tamanho. Suas influências na Paleontologia são discutidas principalmente em relação à criação de disciplinas como a micropaleontologia, paleontologia de vertebrados, paleobotânica e paleontologia de invertebrados. A proposta apresentada neste trabalho sustenta que a ampliação da perspectiva paleontológica na educação superior, não apenas na História Natural mas em áreas onde não é usualmente abordada atualmente, como a Astronomia e a Ecologia, pode promover reflexões úteis ao aperfeiçoamento do ensino de ciências.
Determinants of Health Status Three to Six Years After Surgical Treatment of Closed Ankle Fracture and Comparison with the General Population
Authors: Stavem Knut , Naumann Markus G. , Sigurdsen Ulf , Utvåg Stein Erik 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The purposes of the present study were to identify the determinants of health status 3 to 6 years after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for the treatment of closed ankle fracture and to compare the health status of patients who had undergone this procedure with that in the general population after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status.

Methods:
The present study was a historical cohort study combined with a postal survey. In total, 1,149 patients who underwent ORIF for the treatment of closed ankle fractures at 2 hospitals were eligible for chart review; 959 with low-energy fractures were eligible for a postal survey, and 471 (49%) responded to the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) health status questionnaire and provided data on BMI. Determinants of the physical functioning (PF), physical component summary (PCS), and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-36 were analyzed by means of multivariable linear regression analysis. The health status of patients with an ankle fracture (n = 471) was compared with that in a sample of the general population (n = 5,396) by means of multivariable regression.

Results:
Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III, and complications following surgery were associated with PF and PCS scores, and a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 and current smoking status was associated with PF and MCS scores. However, the PF, PCS, and MCS scores of patients with ankle fractures did not differ from those of the general population, with unstandardized regression coefficients of 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], –1.67 to 2.16; p = 0.80), 0.67 (95% CI, –0.35 to 1.70; p = 0.199), and –0.57 (95% CI, –1.63 to 0.49; p = 0.29), respectively.

Conclusions:
Age, ASA class III, and complications following surgery were associated with PF and PCS scores at 3 to 6 years after surgery for the treatment of closed ankle fractures. However, the health status of patients with ankle fractures did not differ from that in the general population after adjusting for differences in demographic variables, BMI, and smoking status.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nanopore Imaging in Vaca Muerta Mudrocks To Evaluate Controls on Complex Resistivity Spectra in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Norbisrath Jan H. , Grammer G. Michael , Vanden Berg Beth , Tenaglia Max , Eberli Gregor P. , Weger Ralf J. 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Nanopore geometry and mineralogy are key parameters for effective hydrocarbon exploration and production in unconventional reservoirs. This study describes an approach to evaluate relationships between low-frequency complex resistivity spectra (CRS), nanopore geometry, and mineralogy to use CRS to provide estimates of reservoir parameters concerning hydrocarbon saturation, storage, and producibility.
For this purpose, the frequency dispersion of CRS was analyzed in 56 mudrock core plugs from the Vaca Muerta Formation (VMF) (Jurassic/Cretaceous) in Argentina, along with cementation factors (m), carbonate content (CO3), and total organic carbon (TOC). To quantify the nanoporosity, a subset of 23 samples was milled with broad ion beam (BIB) and imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the image grids of these samples were stitched together into high-resolution BIB-SEM mosaics and analyzed with digital image analysis (DIA) techniques.
Results show that porosity is the dominant control on electrical properties in the mudrocks analyzed as part of this study. There is no conclusive evidence that pore geometry influences the electrical properties in the analyzed mudrocks. Pore-geometry parameters [dominant pore size (DOMsize) and perimeter over area (PoA)] do not correlate with electrical properties. Instead, mineralogy shows a first-order correlation with electrical properties, where cementation exponents are higher in rocks with high TOC and low CO3 content.
CRS can be used to estimate porosity and cementation factors with high correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.71 and R2 = 0.95, respectively. Estimates of the 2D interfacial surface area (ISA2D), which is a function of both pore geometry and porosity, achieve an R2 = 0.59. The results of this study suggest that low-frequency dielectric rock properties, if measured downhole, could be useful to identify primary producing intervals in unconventional reservoirs, and to accurately determine cementation factors independent of formation fluids and porosity.
The Spurious Deflection on Log-Log Superposition-Time Derivative Plots of Diagnostic Fracture-Injection Tests
Authors: McClure Mark 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Log-log superposition-time derivative plots are used to identify flow regimes in well tests with variable rate. The use of superposition time adjusts for the effect of the prior rate history, and (under some conditions) shows what the transient would have looked like if the test had been performed at a constant rate. In this report, I show that if these plots are used to interpret shut-in transients from diagnostic fracture-injection tests (DFITs), the superposition-time derivative has an upward deflection that does not represent actual reservoir or transient behavior. I review mathematical properties of the superposition-time derivative. I derive equations for the pressure transient in a simplified model DFIT in which closure does not occur. I show that the onset of late-time impulse flow is controlled by injection volume and formation, wellbore, and fracture properties, not the duration of injection (as implied by the definition of superposition time). Log-log superposition-time derivative plots of DFITs exhibit a slope of 3/2 at intermediate time. However, pressure change never scales with a 3/2 power of time. One form of the G-function superficially resembles a superposition-time function constructed by summing constant-rate solutions with 3/2 power scaling. However, this is not a mathematically or physically valid interpretation. The 3/2 power arises from a spatial integration of the Carter leakoff solution. There is not a mathematical, physical, or practical justification for plotting DFIT pressure-time data in a way that creates a 3/2 slope. I conclude by providing a field example and practical recommendations for DFIT interpretation.
Effect of Sugarbeet Density and Harvest Date on Most Profitable Nitrogen Rate
Authors: DeBruyn Amanda H. , O'Halloran Ivan P. , Lauzon John D. , Van Eerd Laura L. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
First evaluation of profitable N rates in sugarbeet using variable revenue and costs.
Most profitable N rate was 136 kg N ha−1, regardless of plant density or harvest date.
More fertilizer N needed to maximize root yield than profits or sucrose yield (recoverable white sucrose per tonne).
Opportunity to modify payment structure to reward sucrose over root yield.
Risk of potential N losses was lower with higher plant density and later harvest.
The response of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) root and sucrose yield to N fertility is well known, but the influence of recent changes of higher plant densities and/or earlier harvest dates may influence optimal fertilizer N rates. An experiment, in a split‐plot design, was established in 2013 to 2015 at two locations each year. There were 10 whole plot treatments consisting of combinations of five N rates and two plant densities and subplot of harvest date (mid‐September, late October). A lack of interactions among N rate, harvest date, and plant density for root or sucrose yield and profit margins, suggested no need to adjust fertilizer N based on these production practices. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indices and N remaining in the field at harvest suggest a higher potential for N loss with an early than late harvest and at low vs. high plant densities; therefore, from an environmental perspective and based on equivalent profit margins, late harvest and high plant densities were recommended. Based on regression analysis, the N fertilizer rate to maximize root yield, recoverable white sucrose per tonne (RWST) and profit margins was 157, 12, and 136 kg N ha−1, respectively. Less fertilizer N (113 vs. 152 kg N ha−1) was required with legume compared to grass species as the previous crop. This was the first study in a humid, temperate climate to establish recommended fertilizer N rates based on profit margins and identify an opportunity to restructure grower payments to encourage higher RWST.
Analyzing Within‐County Hydrogeomorphological Characteristics as a Precursor to Phosphorus Index Modifications
Authors: Veith Tamie L. , Goslee Sarah C. , Beegle Doug B. , Weld Jennifer L. , Kleinman Peter J. A. 
Published: August 2017

Phosphorus (P) site assessment is used nationally and internationally to assess the vulnerability of agricultural fields to P loss and identify high‐risk areas controlling watershed P export. Current efforts to update P site assessment tools must ensure that these tools are representative of the range of conditions to which they will be applied. We sought to identify key parameters available in public GIS data that are descriptive of potential source areas in Pennsylvania and that ensure that modifications of the P Index span all feasible parameter combinations. Relevant soil and topographic variables were compiled for Pennsylvania at 30‐m resolution, and areas within 90 m of permanent streams were extracted. Within each county, k‐means and classification trees were used to identify and create classification rules for topoedaphic groups. Within counties, two to five groups adequately represented near‐stream complexity, with available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity, and organic matter being the most important environmental variables. Discontinuities across soil survey boundaries made it impossible to develop clusterings beyond the county level. For county‐scale research and management efforts, these groupings provide a manageable approach to identifying representative sites for near‐stream agricultural lands. The full set of representative sites across the state enables evaluation of the P Index throughout the full hydrogeomorphic diversity of Pennsylvania. In future work, we can then combine a set of reasonable management practices with each of the main hydrogeomorphological regions resulting from this study and verify the revised P Index against expert knowledge and simulation results.Core Ideas
Hydraulic properties and organic matter are key for grouping near‐stream soils.
Discontinuities across soil surveys prevent modeling regions across counties.
Two to five groups per county are sufficient to classify most near‐stream soils.
Cluster analysis of environmental data provides a focus for revising the P Index.
Flow Vector Analysis Methods for a Pressure Sensor Network on a Steep Hillslope
Authors: Gwak Yongseok , Kim Sanghyun , Lee Khilha , Noh Seongjin , An Hyunuk 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Pressure variations of a steep hillslope were monitored with an in situ tensiometer network.
Vertical flows appeared when pressure variations were negligible.
Lateral flows were primarily associated with transitional periods of pressure.
The soil moisture characteristic curve was characterized in the context of flow path variation.
Investigation of the temporal variations in flow regimes is important for understanding the hydrological processes of hillslopes. An in situ tensiometer network was designed and installed to monitor pressure variations of a steep hillslope. Based on this network, two methods, one using the total potential gradient and another using the centroid potential gradient, were proposed to estimate the flow gradient vectors. A flow gradient vector can be separated into vertical, lateral, and transverse components, which were applied to characterize three‐dimensional pressure fields. Time series of the potential hydraulic gradients were obtained at two different depths within the regolith during a 4‐mo period. The fine temporal resolution of the pressure gradient vectors allowed detailed analysis of the transitional flow paths that occurred during the wetting and drying stages of rainfall events. The transitional behavior of the flow angles in various temporal rainfall distributions was assessed to characterize distinct flow regimes in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Vertical flows (i.e., downward and upward flows) appeared when pressure variations were negligible, whereas lateral flows (i.e., diagonal recharge and upslope lateral flow) were primarily associated with transitional periods of pressure. The flow vectors rotated from upward to downward flow in a clockwise direction during wetting periods and from downward to upward flow in drying periods. The impact of macropore and root development, density of gravel, and weathered rock with fracture in depth can be expressed through distinct probability density distributions of flow angles between the upper and lower pressure networks. Flow vector analysis with respect to soil moisture measurements indicated that the soil moisture characteristic curve could be characterized based on the context of the flow path variation at a point on a steep hillslope.