bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the physical health of people with severe mental illness in a low secure forensic unit: An uncontrolled evaluation study of staff training and physical health care plans
Authors: Haddad Mark , Llewellyn‐Jones Sian , Yarnold Steve , Simpson Alan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe life expectancy of people with severe mental illnesses is substantially reduced, and monitoring and screening for physical health problems is a key part of addressing this health inequality. Inpatient admission presents a window of opportunity for this health‐care activity. The present study was conducted in a forensic mental health unit in England. A personal physical health plan incorporating clearly‐presented and easily‐understood values and targets for health status in different domains was developed. Alongside this, a brief physical education session was delivered to health‐care staff (n = 63). Printed learning materials and pedometers and paper tape measures were also provided. The impact was evaluated by a single‐group pretest post‐test design; follow‐up measures were 4 months’ post‐intervention. The feasibility and acceptability of personal health plans and associated resources were examined by free‐text questionnaire responses. Fifty‐seven staff provided measures of attitudes and knowledge before training and implementation of the physical health plans. Matched‐pairs analysis indicated a modest but statistically‐significant improvement in staff knowledge scores and attitudes to involvement in physical health care. Qualitative feedback indicated limited uptake of the care plans and perceived need for additional support for better adoption of this initiative. Inpatient admission is a key setting for assessing physical health and promoting improved management of health problems. Staff training and purpose‐designed personalized care plans hold potential to improve practice and outcomes in this area, but further support for such innovations appears necessary for their uptake in inpatient mental health settings.
Starting open source collaborative innovation: the antecedents of network formation in community source
Authors: Liu Manlu , Hull Clyde Eiríkur , Hung Yu‐Ting Caisy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpecific needs in the area of enterprise applications have led to a new type of collaborative open source innovation development across institution borders: community source. We use the Kuali community source network, a jointly managed, border‐spanning organization that supplies the institutions that created it, to describe how community source works. This study builds a theoretical basis for understanding the individual and institutional factors affecting community source network formation and the decision by organizations to join a community source network. We identify eight antecedents of decisions about forming or joining community source initiatives: motives, learning, trust, norms and monitoring, institutional similarity, external funding, hostile external environment and information technology. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Unusual cause of breast wound: postoperative pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Abtahi‐naeini Bahareh , Bagheri Fahimeh , Pourazizi Mohsen , Forozeshfard Mohammad , Saffaei Ali 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPostoperative pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is an unusual clinical entity, which shows rapidly progressive skin necrosis that can occur within surgical sites after any surgical procedure. Usually, it is diagnosed as wound infection at the time of presentation, but antibiotic therapy and wound debridement fail to arrest rapid ulcer enlargement. We report the case of PPG in a 21‐year‐old woman after a reduction mammoplasty surgery. In this report, we emphasise the importance of considering pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) as one of the differential diagnoses of breast ulcers after surgical procedures. Careful clinical assessment may establish an early diagnosis and prevent potential serious complications.
Comparing range evolution in two western Plethodon salamanders: glacial refugia, competition, ecological niches, and spatial sorting
Authors: Pelletier Tara A. , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimPlethodon dunni and P. vehiculum are sister species with widely overlapping ranges, yet the distribution of P. vehiculum extends almost 400 km farther north than its sister species. We explore Pleistocene refugial structure, competition, physiological tolerances and dispersal ability as contributing factors to the range difference between these two species.LocationThe Pacific Northwest of North America, including Oregon, Washington and British Columbia – the full range of both species.MethodsWe used genetic, environmental and morphological data to test hypotheses that explain this range difference. Genetic data were used to explore range expansion dynamics and population structure. Species distributional models were used to compare current niches to mid‐Holocene and Pleistocene distributions. Morphological data were used to assess phenotypic differences between the species and test for evidence of spatial sorting.ResultsBoth species underwent rapid range expansions since the Pleistocene and share similar population structure. Species distributional models are different in distribution at all times periods between species. The species are significantly different in all morphological measurements taken. Only P. vehiculum shows evidence of spatial sorting.Main conclusionsPhysiological tolerance and dispersal ability best explain the distributional difference between these species. Spatial sorting most likely plays a key role in the range expansion of P. vehiculum.
Practitioner Review: Multilingualism and neurodevelopmental disorders – an overview of recent research and discussion of clinical implications
Authors: Uljarević Mirko , Katsos Napoleon , Hudry Kristelle , Gibson Jenny L. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundLanguage and communication skills are essential aspects of child development, which are often disrupted in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Cutting edge research in psycholinguistics suggests that multilingualism has potential to influence social, linguistic and cognitive development. Thus, multilingualism has implications for clinical assessment, diagnostic formulation, intervention and support offered to families. We present a systematic review and synthesis of the effects of multilingualism for children with neurodevelopmental disorders and discuss clinical implications.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches for studies on multilingualism in neurodevelopmental disorders. Keywords for neurodevelopmental disorders were based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition categories as follows; Intellectual Disabilities, Communication Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder, Motor Disorders, Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. We included only studies based on empirical research and published in peer‐reviewed journals.ResultsFifty studies met inclusion criteria. Thirty‐nine studies explored multilingualism in Communication Disorders, 10 in ASD and two in Intellectual Disability. No studies on multilingualism in Specific Learning Disorder or Motor Disorders were identified. Studies which found a disadvantage for multilingual children with neurodevelopmental disorders were rare, and there appears little reason to assume that multilingualism has negative effects on various aspects of functioning across a range of conditions. In fact, when considering only those studies which have compared a multilingual group with developmental disorders to a monolingual group with similar disorders, the findings consistently show no adverse effects on language development or other aspects of functioning. In the case of ASD, a positive effect on communication and social functioning has been observed.ConclusionsThere is little evidence to support the widely held view that multilingual exposure is detrimental to the linguistic or social development of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, we also note that the available pool of studies is small and the number of methodologically high quality studies is relatively low. We discuss implications of multilingualism for clinical management of neurodevelopmental disorders, and discuss possible directions for future research.
The Dietary Choices of Women Who Are Low‐Income, Pregnant, and African American
Authors: Groth Susan W. , Simpson Alison H. , Fernandez I. Diana 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionMultiple factors influence the dietary choices of pregnant women that may increase the risk of excessive gestational weight gain. Several of these factors converge for African American women who are low income and reside in an urban setting. The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of how factors previously identified affect dietary decision making and determine the barriers that impede adoption of a healthy diet for this population.MethodsTwenty‐five in‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted with African American women who were low income, pregnant, and residing in an urban setting. The participants were recruited from a university obstetric clinic in a medium‐sized urban northeastern city. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Analysis was a recursive process such that data analysis was done continually during data collection. Individual interviews were conducted until informational redundancy was reached. A directed content analysis approach was used, building from prior research and themes that emerged from focus groups with a similar population. Data were coded and grouped into meaningful clusters.ResultsThe participants indicated that food cravings, taste, and appetite influenced their food choices. Limited knowledge about healthy foods, cravings for unhealthy foods, time, and finances were barriers to making healthy dietary choices. Women indicated that if healthy food tasted better, they got more rest, and their schedules were regular, it would help them make the best possible food choices.DiscussionWomen who are low income, African American, and pregnant could benefit from interventions targeting food cravings, taste, and appetite, and information about what constitutes a healthy diet. Cravings for calorie‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods were a driver of dietary choice and potentially increased the risk of excessive gestational weight gain. The complexities of cravings, taste, and appetite that converge with limited funds, tight schedules, and a knowledge deficit of important dietary information are critical to consider when providing care to pregnant women from this population.
Effect of in ovo injection of threonine on immunoglobulin A gene expression in the intestine of Japanese quail at hatch
Authors: Kermanshahi H. , Ghofrani Tabari D. , Khodambashi Emami N. , Daneshmand A. , Ibrahim S. A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of threonine (THR) on immunoglobulin A (IgA) gene expression of Japanese quail on hatch day. A total of 540 Japanese quail eggs were assigned into nine groups of 60 each and were set in a single‐stage incubator. Treatments were as follows: non‐injected (control), two diluent levels (0.05 or 0.1 ml saline), two sites of injection (in or under the air sac) and with or without nutrients (0.5 mg/ml THR). Eggs were injected on d 11 of incubation. On hatch day, after euthanizing hatched quail chicks, the intestine was removed and the jejunum was separated. The relative mRNA expression of jejunal IgA increased (p < 0.05) by the injection of 0.05 ml THR under the air sac when compared to the control group or other treatments of injection. Compared to the control group, no differences were imputable to treatments of 0.1‐ml injections on IgA gene expression. Differences with other injected groups were not significant. It was concluded that injection of 0.05 ml saline containing 0.5 mg THR/ml under the air sac can improve jejunal IgA mRNA expression in newly hatched Japanese quail chicks.
Differences in Cigarette Use and the Tobacco Environment Among Youth Living in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
Authors: Bernat Debra H. , Choi Kelvin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine cigarette use and the tobacco‐related environment among adolescents living in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.MethodsData from adolescents ages 14‐17 that completed the 2012 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed (n = 40,746). This includes a representative sample of middle and high school students throughout the state.ResultsNonmetropolitan adolescents were more likely than metropolitan adolescents to report lifetime smoking, past 30‐day smoking, daily smoking, initiating smoking at younger ages, having smoked a greater number of cigarettes in their lifetime and in the past 30 days, friend acceptance of adult smoking, a parent offering them a cigarette, living with a smoker, and that smoking was allowed in their home. Nonmetropolitan adolescents were also more likely to have seen tobacco ads the last time they visited convenience marts, gas stations, grocery stores, and big box stores, and flavored tobacco products or ads for them. These differences persisted after controlling for demographics.ConclusionsThe present results suggest vast differences in smoking behavior among nonmetropolitan and metropolitan adolescents and that targeting social and environmental factors may be beneficial for reducing tobacco disparities among nonmetropolitan adolescents.
How to differentiate facilitation and environmentally driven co‐existence
Authors: Steinbauer Manuel J. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Arfin Khan Mohammed A.S. , Harter David E.V. , Irl Severin D.H. , Jentsch Anke , Schweiger Andreas H. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Dengler Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPositive plant–plant interactions (i.e. facilitation) receive increasing attention as a potentially important driver of community assembly. We conducted a systematic literature review indicating broad support for positive effects of potential facilitator species. However, a large majority of the reviewed studies (83% for field studies, 57% for experiments) share a similar risk of misinterpretation as they assess facilitative effects by comparing plots inhabited by a potential facilitator with randomly placed control plots nearby (paired sampling). As the distribution of facilitator species may itself be environmentally driven, species co‐existence caused by facilitation cannot exclusively be separated from environmental effects (habitat sharing). Based on simulated plant communities and sampling protocols, we show how non‐random co‐existence can occur in the absence of facilitation. This is relevant because both the effect of spatial environmental heterogeneity and of facilitation (stress‐gradient hypothesis) are expected to increase with environmental harshness. Nevertheless, 58% of facilitation studies neither undertook measures to minimize potential biases in their sampling approaches nor did they acknowledge such limitations in the discussion. Attention to this problem has significantly decreased in recent years. We propose that facilitation studies could be improved by (1) using random sampling for association studies, (2) co‐analysing environmental factors, or (3) experimentally establishing presumed facilitators. Experimental approaches mimicking facilitative plant characteristics can help to identify facilitation mechanisms. Combining approaches and including functional traits of the involved species should further strengthen inference.
Children's responses to the interactivity of storybook apps in family shared reading events involving the iPad
Authors: Aliagas Cristina , Margallo Ana María 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on some data on the effects of screen‐based interactivity on children's engagement with storybook apps during family shared book reading that were gathered in a 2‐year, small‐scale ethnographic case study in Spain. Data analysis focuses on the complex interplay between the storybook app's interactive features and the children's responses to them. Our findings show that interactive elements increase the child's autonomy, as they tend to promote the importance of the reader, positioning him or her as a collaborator, storyteller, an author or an internal character in the fiction; something that can materialise in exciting narrative strategies that can trigger powerful responses to digital literary texts in emergent readers, including playing, creating new fictions or engaging emotionally with the story. Finally, we argue that the Reader Response models that have been used over recent decades to understand children's reading experiences with storybooks need to be revised to better understand their current experiences with interactive texts.
Adaptive evolution and segregating load contribute to the genomic landscape of divergence in two tree species connected by episodic gene flow
Authors: Christe Camille , Stölting Kai N. , Paris Margot , Fraїsse Christelle , Bierne Nicolas , Lexer Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpeciation often involves repeated episodes of genetic contact between divergent populations before reproductive isolation (RI) is complete. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) holds great promise for unravelling the genomic bases of speciation. We have studied two ecologically divergent, hybridizing species of the ‘model tree’ genusPopulus(poplars, aspens, cottonwoods),Populus albaandP. tremula, using >8.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fromWGSof population pools. We used the genomic data to (i) scan these species’ genomes for regions of elevated and reduced divergence, (ii) assess key aspects of their joint demographic history based on genomewide site frequency spectra (SFS) and (iii) infer the potential roles of adaptive and deleterious coding mutations in shaping the genomic landscape of divergence. We identified numerous small, unevenly distributed genome regions without fixed polymorphisms despite high overall genomic differentiation. The jointSFSwas best explained by ancient and repeated gene flow and allowed pinpointing candidate interspecific migrant tracts. The direction of selection (DoS) differed between genes in putative migrant tracts and the remainder of the genome, thus indicating the potential roles of adaptive divergence and segregating deleterious mutations on the evolution and breakdown ofRI. Genes affected by positive selection during divergence were enriched for several functionally interesting groups, including well‐known candidate ‘speciation genes’ involved in plant innate immunity. Our results suggest that adaptive divergence affectsRIin these hybridizing species mainly through intrinsic and demographic processes. Integrating genomic with molecular data holds great promise for revealing the effects of particular genetic pathways on speciation.
Disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS: a prospective and multicentre study to evaluate the performance of different diagnostic tests
Authors: Hoffmann E. R. , Daboit T. C. , Paskulin D. D. , Monteiro A. A. , Falci D. R. , Linhares T. , Flores J. M. , Goldani L. Z. , de Melo M. G. , Behar P. R. , Pasqualotto A. C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe burden of histoplasmosis has been poorly documented in most of the endemic areas for the disease, including Brazil. Also, modern non‐culture‐based diagnostic tests are often non‐available in these regions. This was a prospective cohort study in HIV‐infected patients with suspected disseminated disease evaluated with different diagnostic tests. Patients were enrolled in three referral medical centres in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Among 78 evaluated patients, disseminated histoplasmosis was confirmed in eight individuals (10.3%) by the means of classical (culture/histopathology) tests. Antigen detection in the urine was found to be more sensitive: IMMY® ALPHA ELISA detected 13 positive cases (16.7%) and the in‐house ELISA test developed by the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) detected 14 (17.9%). IMMY® and CDC tests provided concordant results in 96.2% of cases. This is the first study to compare the performance of the in‐house CDC ELISA test with the IMMY® commercial test for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, and a high degree of concordance was observed. The study revealed that H. capsulatum is an important agent of disseminated disease in AIDS patients in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of making available modern diagnostic tests as well as safer antifungal agents for the treatment of histoplasmosis.
Writing Away: Mobility and Versatility of Scribes at the End of the Bronze Age
Authors: Ferrara Silvia 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper considers the roles played by scribes on Cyprus towards the end of the Late Bronze Age and the organization of the scribal community and its activity, drawing a parallel with the class of scribes at Ugarit‐Ras Shamra in Syria. A close analysis of the contexts of the undeciphered Cypro‐Minoan inscriptions found at Ugarit, the Cypro‐Minoan inscription from Cyprus, and the cuneiform Akkadian tablets from Alashiya found at Ugarit and at Tell el Amarna in Egypt guides the identification of the agents responsible for their creation and their mobility from site to site. It furthermore advances understanding of the relationship of mutual exchange of epigraphic services across cultures and languages, during centuries of lively interaction and multilingual communication at the crossroads of different societies.
Transport Amphorae in the West Hallstatt Zone: Reassessing Socio‐Economic Dynamics and Long‐Distance Mediterranean Exchange in Western Central Europe in the Early Iron Age
Authors: Sacchetti Federica 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTrade and cultural relations between western Central Europe and the Mediterranean world in the Early Iron Age remain a major topic of discussion. The products exchanged were mainly connected with the ritual preparation and social consumption of Mediterranean wine. This article examines the question through a comparative study of transport amphorae from the entire West Hallstatt zone. The systematic analysis is based on a specialized study carried out on the material itself. Typological analyses allow us to identify where amphorae originated; previously this was thought to have been just Massalia but this now needs to be expanded to the whole Mediterranean Basin. An analysis of the distribution of amphorae enables us to identify the trajectory these products followed. A comparison with amphora types attested in potential ports in southern France and northern Italy suggests possible trade routes for specific types. Finally, a new chronological scheme for amphorae provides insights into the economic reasons behind these imports and the social impact these products had, enabling us to identify broader socio‐economic trends and long‐distance exchange patterns in western Central Europe.