bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counselling and Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hopper Linda 
Published: October 2017

It is increasingly understood that to counsel children and adolescents effectively requires specialized skills: simply adapting techniques developed for adults will not work.
Drawing on the work of Bowlby, Winnicott and others, Linda Hopper here gives a brief introduction to the emotional development of young people and shows how play and other creative means can be used to help them to express their inner feelings. In a comprehensive overview of the area, she also discusses issues of difference and identity, the counselling process and ethical issues in counselling children. The author's wide experience of working with children and adolescents shines through in vivid case studies covering a range of clients, contexts and difficulties.
Offering a judicious balance of theory and practical discussion, Counselling and Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents focuses on the essential knowledge needed to work therapeutically with children. It is thus an ideal foundation text for students undertaking training in child counselling, either as part of their initial training or in post-qualification professional development.
Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats
Authors: VOLOKHOV D. V. , BECKER D. J. , BERGNER L. M. , CAMUS M. S. , ORTON R. J. , CHIZHIKOV V. E. , ALTIZER S. M. , STREICKER D. G. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYBats (Order: Chiroptera) have been widely studied as reservoir hosts for viruses of concern for human and animal health. However, whether bats are equally competent hosts of non-viral pathogens such as bacteria remains an important open question. Here, we surveyed blood and saliva samples of vampire bats from Peru and Belize for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas), bacteria that can cause inapparent infection or anemia in hosts. 16S rRNA gene amplification of blood showed 67% (150/223) of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) were infected by hemoplasmas. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed three novel genotypes that were phylogenetically related but not identical to hemoplasmas described from other (non-vampire) bat species, rodents, humans, and non-human primates. Hemoplasma prevalence in vampire bats was highest in non-reproductive and young individuals, did not differ by country, and was relatively stable over time (i.e., endemic). Metagenomics from pooled D. rotundus saliva from Peru detected non-hemotropic Mycoplasma species and hemoplasma genotypes phylogenetically similar to those identified in blood, providing indirect evidence for potential direct transmission of hemoplasmas through biting or social contacts. This study demonstrates vampire bats host several novel hemoplasmas and sheds light on risk factors for infection and basic transmission routes. Given the high frequency of direct contacts that arise when vampire bats feed on humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, the potential of these bacteria to be transmitted between species should be investigated in future work.
Do no harm: A taxonomy of the challenges of humanitarian experimentation
Authors: Sandvik Kristin Bergtora , Jacobsen Katja Lindskov , McDonald Sean Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article aims to acknowledge and articulate the notion of “humanitarian experimentation”. Whether through innovation or uncertain contexts, managing risk is a core component of the humanitarian initiative – but all risk is not created equal. There is a stark ethical and practical difference between managing risk and introducing it, which is mitigated in other fields through experimentation and regulation. This article identifies and historically contextualizes the concept of humanitarian experimentation, which is increasingly prescient, as a range of humanitarian subfields embark on projects of digitization and privatization. This trend is illustrated here through three contemporary examples of humanitarian innovations (biometrics, data modelling, cargo drones), with references to critical questions about adherence to the humanitarian “do no harm” imperative. This article outlines a broad taxonomy of harms, intended to serve as the starting point for a more comprehensive conversation about humanitarian action and the ethics of experimentation.
Bacterial SBP56 identified as a Cu-dependent methanethiol oxidase widely distributed in the biosphere
Authors: Eyice Özge , Myronova Nataliia , Pol Arjan , Carrión Ornella , Todd Jonathan D , Smith Tom J , Gurman Stephen J , Cuthbertson Adam , Mazard Sophie , Mennink-Kersten Monique A S H , Bugg Timothy D H , Andersson Karl Kristoffer , Johnston Andrew W B , Op den Camp Huub J M , Schäfer Hendrik 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Oxidation of methanethiol (MT) is a significant step in the sulfur cycle. MT is an intermediate of metabolism of globally significant organosulfur compounds including dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS), which have key roles in marine carbon and sulfur cycling. In aerobic bacteria, MT is degraded by a MT oxidase (MTO). The enzymatic and genetic basis of MT oxidation have remained poorly characterized. Here, we identify for the first time the MTO enzyme and its encoding gene (mtoX) in the DMS-degrading bacterium Hyphomicrobium sp. VS. We show that MTO is a homotetrameric metalloenzyme that requires Cu for enzyme activity. MTO is predicted to be a soluble periplasmic enzyme and a member of a distinct clade of the Selenium-binding protein (SBP56) family for which no function has been reported. Genes orthologous to mtoX exist in many bacteria able to degrade DMS, other one-carbon compounds or DMSP, notably in the marine model organism Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, a member of the Rhodobacteraceae family that is abundant in marine environments. Marker exchange mutagenesis of mtoX disrupted the ability of R. pomeroyi to metabolize MT confirming its function in this DMSP-degrading bacterium. In R. pomeroyi, transcription of mtoX was enhanced by DMSP, methylmercaptopropionate and MT. Rates of MT degradation increased after pre-incubation of the wild-type strain with MT. The detection of mtoX orthologs in diverse bacteria, environmental samples and its abundance in a range of metagenomic data sets point to this enzyme being widely distributed in the environment and having a key role in global sulfur cycling.
Two-dimensional lithium diffusion behavior and probable hybrid phase transformation kinetics in olivine lithium iron phosphate
Authors: Hong Liang , Li Linsen , Chen-Wiegart Yuchen-Karen , Wang Jiajun , Xiang Kai , Gan Liyang , Li Wenjie , Meng Fei , Wang Fan , Wang Jun , Chiang Yet-Ming , Jin Song , Tang Ming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOlivine lithium iron phosphate is a technologically important electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and a model system for studying electrochemically driven phase transformations. Despite extensive studies, many aspects of the phase transformation and lithium transport in this material are still not well understood. Here we combine operando hard X-ray spectroscopic imaging and phase-field modeling to elucidate the delithiation dynamics of single-crystal lithium iron phosphate microrods with long-axis along the [010] direction. Lithium diffusivity is found to be two-dimensional in microsized particles containing ~3% lithium-iron anti-site defects. Our study provides direct evidence for the previously predicted surface reaction-limited phase-boundary migration mechanism and the potential operation of a hybrid mode of phase growth, in which phase-boundary movement is controlled by surface reaction or lithium diffusion in different crystallographic directions. These findings uncover the rich phase-transformation behaviors in lithium iron phosphate and intercalation compounds in general and can help guide the design of better electrodes.
Common and cell-type specific responses to anti-cancer drugs revealed by high throughput transcript profiling
Authors: Niepel Mario , Hafner Marc , Duan Qiaonan , Wang Zichen , Paull Evan O. , Chung Mirra , Lu Xiaodong , Stuart Joshua M. , Golub Todd R. , Subramanian Aravind , Ma’ayan Avi , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMore effective use of targeted anti-cancer drugs depends on elucidating the connection between the molecular states induced by drug treatment and the cellular phenotypes controlled by these states, such as cytostasis and death. This is particularly true when mutation of a single gene is inadequate as a predictor of drug response. The current paper describes a data set of ~600 drug cell line pairs collected as part of the NIH LINCS Program (http://www.lincsproject.org/) in which molecular data (reduced dimensionality transcript L1000 profiles) were recorded across dose and time in parallel with phenotypic data on cellular cytostasis and cytotoxicity. We report that transcriptional and phenotypic responses correlate with each other in general, but whereas inhibitors of chaperones and cell cycle kinases induce similar transcriptional changes across cell lines, changes induced by drugs that inhibit intra-cellular signaling kinases are cell-type specific. In some drug/cell line pairs significant changes in transcription are observed without a change in cell growth or survival; analysis of such pairs identifies drug equivalence classes and, in one case, synergistic drug interactions. In this case, synergy involves cell-type specific suppression of an adaptive drug response.
Search for domain wall dark matter with atomic clocks on board global positioning system satellites
Authors: Roberts Benjamin M. , Blewitt Geoffrey , Dailey Conner , Murphy Mac , Pospelov Maxim , Rollings Alex , Sherman Jeff , Williams Wyatt , Derevianko Andrei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCosmological observations indicate that dark matter makes up 85% of all matter in the universe yet its microscopic composition remains a mystery. Dark matter could arise from ultralight quantum fields that form macroscopic objects. Here we use the global positioning system as a ~ 50,000 km aperture dark matter detector to search for such objects in the form of domain walls. Global positioning system navigation relies on precision timing signals furnished by atomic clocks. As the Earth moves through the galactic dark matter halo, interactions with domain walls could cause a sequence of atomic clock perturbations that propagate through the satellite constellation at galactic velocities ~ 300 km s−1. Mining 16 years of archival data, we find no evidence for domain walls at our current sensitivity level. This improves the limits on certain quadratic scalar couplings of domain wall dark matter to standard model particles by several orders of magnitude.
DNA-Methylation and Body Composition in Preschool Children: Epigenome-Wide-Analysis in the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP)-Study
Authors: Rzehak Peter , Covic Marcela , Saffery Richard , Reischl Eva , Wahl Simone , Grote Veit , Weber Martina , Xhonneux Annick , Langhendries Jean-Paul , Ferre Natalia , Closa-Monasterolo Ricardo , Escribano Joaquin , Verduci Elvira , Riva Enrica , Socha Piotr , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Koletzko Berthold 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdiposity and obesity result from the interaction of genetic variation and environmental factors from very early in life, possibly mediated by epigenetic processes. Few Epigenome-Wide-Association-Studies have identified DNA-methylation (DNAm) signatures associated with BMI and body composition in children. Body composition by Bio-Impedance-Analysis and genome-wide DNAm in whole blood were assessed in 374 pre-school children from four European countries. Associations were tested by linear regression adjusted for sex, age, centre, education, 6 WBC-proportions according to Houseman and 30 principal components derived from control probes. Specific DNAm variants were identified to be associated with BMI (212), fat-mass (230), fat-free-mass (120), fat-mass-index (24) and fat-free-mass-index (15). Probes in genesSNED1(IRE-BP1),KLHL6,WDR51A(POC1A),CYTH4-ELFN2,CFLAR,PRDM14,SOS1,ZNF643(ZFP69B),ST6GAL1,C3orf70, CILP2,MLLT4and ncRNALOC101929268remained significantly associated after Bonferroni-correction ofP-values. We provide novel evidence linking DNAm with (i) altered lipid and glucose metabolism, (ii) diabetes and (iii) body size and composition in children. Both common and specific epigenetic signatures among measures were also revealed. The causal direction with phenotypic measures and stability of DNAm variants throughout the life course remains unclear and longitudinal analysis in other populations is required. These findings give support for potential epigenetic programming of body composition and obesity.
Free surfaces recast superconductivity in few-monolayer MgB2: Combined first-principles and ARPES demonstration
Authors: Bekaert J. , Bignardi L. , Aperis A. , van Abswoude P. , Mattevi C. , Gorovikov S. , Petaccia L. , Goldoni A. , Partoens B. , Oppeneer P. M. , Peeters F. M. , Milošević M. V. , Rudolf P. , Cepek C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials are known to harbour properties very different from those of their bulk counterparts. Recent years have seen the rise of atomically thin superconductors, with a caveat that superconductivity is strongly depleted unless enhanced by specific substrates, intercalants or adatoms. Surprisingly, the role in superconductivity of electronic states originating from simple free surfaces of two-dimensional materials has remained elusive to date. Here, based on first-principles calculations, anisotropic Eliashberg theory, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we show that surface states in few-monolayer MgB2 make a major contribution to the superconducting gap spectrum and density of states, clearly distinct from the widely known, bulk-like σ- and π-gaps. As a proof of principle, we predict and measure the gap opening on the magnesium-based surface band up to a critical temperature as high as ~30 K for merely six monolayers thick MgB2. These findings establish free surfaces as an unavoidable ingredient in understanding and further tailoring of superconductivity in atomically thin materials.
Helicobacter pylori colonization and obesity – a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: den Hollander Wouter J. , Broer Linda , Schurmann Claudia , Meyre David , den Hoed Caroline M. , Mayerle Julia , Hofman Albert , Homuth Georg , Uitterlinden André G. , Lerch Markus M. , Kuipers Ernst J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObesity is associated with substantial morbidity, costs, and decreased life expectancy, and continues to rise worldwide. While etiological understanding is needed for prevention, epidemiological studies indicated that colonization with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may affect body mass index (BMI), but with inconsistent results. Here, we examine the relationship between H. pylori colonization and BMI/obesity. Cross-sectional analyses were performed in two independent population-based cohorts of elderly from the Netherlands and Germany (n = 13,044). Genetic risk scores were conducted based on genetic loci associated with either H. pylori colonization or BMI/obesity. We performed a bi-directional Mendelian randomization. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional data revealed no association between anti-H. pylori IgG titer and BMI, nor of H. pylori positivity and BMI. Anti-H. pylori IgG titer was negatively associated with obesity (OR 0.99972; 95% CI 0.99946-0.99997, p = 0.03) and with obesity classes (Beta −6.91 •10−5; 95% CI −1.38•10−4, −5.49•10−7, p = 0.048), but the magnitude of these effects was limited. Mendelian randomization showed no causal relation between H. pylori genetic risk score and BMI/obesity, nor between BMI or obesity genetic risk scores and H. pylori positivity. This study provides no evidence for a clinically relevant association between H. pylori and BMI/obesity.
A total transcriptome profiling method for plasma-derived extracellular vesicles: applications for liquid biopsies
Authors: Amorim Maria G. , Valieris Renan , Drummond Rodrigo D. , Pizzi Melissa P. , Freitas Vanessa M. , Sinigaglia-Coimbra Rita , Calin George A. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Silva Israel T. , Dias-Neto Emmanuel , Nunes Diana N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication. Part of their biological effects can be attributed to the transfer of cargos of diverse types of RNAs, which are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. EVs found in human biofluids are a valuable source for the development of minimally invasive assays. However, the total transcriptional landscape of EVs is still largely unknown. Here we develop a new method for total transcriptome profiling of plasma-derived EVs by next generation sequencing (NGS) from limited quantities of patient-derived clinical samples, which enables the unbiased characterization of the complete RNA cargo, including both small- and long-RNAs, in a single library preparation step. This approach was applied to RNA extracted from EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of five healthy volunteers. Among the most abundant RNAs identified we found small RNAs such as tRNAs, miRNAs and miscellaneous RNAs, which have largely unknown functions. We also identified protein-coding and long noncoding transcripts, as well as circular RNA species that were also experimentally validated. This method enables, for the first time, the full spectrum of transcriptome data to be obtained from minute patient-derived samples, and will therefore potentially allow the identification of cell-to-cell communication mechanisms and biomarkers.
Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and diallylamin Co-polymer modified bio-film derived from palm dates for the adsorption of dyes
Authors: Jabli Mahjoub , Saleh Tawfik A. , Sebeia Nouha , Tka Najeh , Khiari Ramzi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor the first time, co-polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and diallylamin (PDDACD) was used to modify the films derived from the waste of palm date fruits, which were then investigated by the purification of colored aqueous solutions. The physico-chemical characteristics were identified using data color, FT-IR spectroscopy, and SEM features. The modified films were evaluated as adsorbents of Methylene Blue (MB), Direct Yellow 50 (DY50), Reactive Blue 198 (RB198) and Naphtol Blue Black (NBB). High retention capacities were achieved in the following order: The equilibrium da DY50 (14 mg g−1) < RB198 (16 mg g−1) < NBB (63.9 mg g−1) < MB (150 mg g−1). The kinetic modeling of the data revealed that the adsorption data follows the pseudo second order model. It was fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Redushkevich equations, and the data best fit the Freundlich model indicating that the adsorption might occur in the heterogeneous adsorption sites. These results reveal that PDDACD modified films are valuable materials for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Moreover, the as-prepared adsorbent is economically viable and easily controllable for pollutant adsorption.
Computer-aided assessment of regional vascularity of thyroid nodules for prediction of malignancy
Authors: Baig Faisal N. , Lunenburg Jurgen T. J. van , Liu Shirley Y. W. , Yip Shea-Ping , Law Helen K. W. , Ying Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractColor Doppler vascular index (VI) was assessed alone and in combination with grey-scale ultrasound (GSU) in regionally subdivided thyroid nodules in diagnosing thyroid cancer. Color Doppler sonograms of 111 thyroid nodules were evaluated by a home-developed algorithm that performed “offsetting” (algorithm for changing the area of a region of interest, ROI, without distorting the ROI’s contour) and assessed peripheral, central and overall VI of thyroid nodules. Results showed that the optimum offset for dividing peripheral and central regions of nodule was 22%. At the optimum offset, the mean VI of peripheral, central, and overall regions of malignant nodules were significantly higher than those of benign nodules (26.5 ± 16.2%, 21.7 ± 19.6%, 23.8 ± 4.6% v/s 18.2 ± 16.7%, 11.9 ± 15.1% and 16.6 ± 1.8% respectively, P < 0.05). The optimum cut-off of peripheral, central, and overall VI was 19.7%, 9.1% and 20.2% respectively. When compared to GSU alone, combination of VI assessment with GSU evaluation of thyroid nodules increased the diagnostic accuracy from 58.6% to 79.3% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a novel algorithm for regional subdivision and quantification of thyroid nodular VI in ultrasound images was established, and the optimum offset and cut-off were derived. Assessment of intranodular VI in conjunction with GSU can increase the accuracy in ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Structural basis of nanobody-mediated blocking of BtuF, the cognate substrate-binding protein of the Escherichia coli vitamin B12 transporter BtuCD
Authors: Mireku S. A. , Sauer M. M. , Glockshuber R. , Locher K. P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBacterial ABC importers catalyze the uptake of essential nutrients including transition metals and metal-containing co-factors. Recently, an IgG antibody targeting the external binding protein of theStaphylococcus aureusMn(II) ABC importer was reported to inhibit transport activity and reduce bacterial cell growth. We here explored the possibility of using alpaca-derived nanobodies to inhibit the vitamin B12 transporter ofEscherichia coli, BtuCD-F, as a model system by generating nanobodies against the periplasmic binding protein BtuF. We isolated six nanobodies that competed with B12 for binding to BtuF, with inhibition constants between 10−6and 10−9 M. Kinetic characterization of the nanobody-BtuF interactions revealed dissociation half-lives between 1.6 and 6 minutes and fast association rates between 104and 106 M−1s−1. For the tightest-binding nanobody, we observed a reduction ofin vitrotransport activity of BtuCD-F when an excess of nanobody over B12 was used. The structure of BtuF in complex with the most effective nanobody Nb9 revealed the molecular basis of its inhibitory function. The CDR3 loop of Nb9 reached into the substrate-binding pocket of BtuF, preventing both B12 binding and BtuCD-F complex formation. Our results suggest that nanobodies can mediate ABC importer inhibition, providing an opportunity for novel antibiotic strategies.
Time dependent decomposition of ammonia borane for the controlled production of 2D hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Babenko Vitaliy , Lane George , Koos Antal A. , Murdock Adrian T. , So Karwei , Britton Jude , Meysami Seyyed Shayan , Moffat Jonathan , Grobert Nicole 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAmmonia borane (AB) is among the most promising precursors for the large-scale synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Its non-toxic and non-flammable properties make AB particularly attractive for industry. AB decomposition under CVD conditions, however, is complex and hence has hindered tailored h-BN production and its exploitation. To overcome this challenge, we report in-depth decomposition studies of AB under industrially safe growth conditions. In situ mass spectrometry revealed a time and temperature-dependent release of a plethora of NxBy-containing species and, as a result, significant changes of the N:B ratio during h-BN synthesis. Such fluctuations strongly influence the formation and morphology of 2D h-BN. By means of in situ gas monitoring and regulating the precursor temperature over time we achieve uniform release of volatile chemical species over many hours for the first time, paving the way towards the controlled, industrially viable production of h-BN.