bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Netzhautablösung im Kindesalter
Authors: Meier Petra 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungEine Ablatio retinae tritt im Kindesalter im Vergleich zum Erwachsenenalter relativ selten auf, nur 3 bis 7% aller Netzhautablösungen werden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter bis zu 18 Jahren diagnostiziert. Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten einer Ablatio retinae im Kindesalter sind ein Trauma, eine Myopie, hereditäre Vitreoretinopathien, Malformationen und Morbus Coats. Am häufigsten treten in dieser Altersgruppe traumaassoziierte Netzhautablösungen auf, Vitreoretinopathien sind die häufigste Ursache für eine erblich bedingte kindliche Ablatio. Es werden die krankheitsspezifischen chirurgischen Behandlungskonzepte diskutiert. Bei klarer Linse sollte immer geprüft werden, inwieweit eine episklerale Buckelchirurgie durchgeführt werden kann, insbesondere bei einer Oradialyse und bei genau definierter Lochsituation in der Netzhautperipherie. Eine primäre Vitrektomie ist vorrangig bei Vitreoretinopathien erforderlich. Der Einsatz von Anti-VEGF-Inhibitoren ist zur Behandlung vasoproliferativer Erkrankungen geeignet, allerdings benötigen wir noch weitere Informationen über mögliche Nebenwirkungen bei Kindern. Insgesamt sind die funktionellen und anatomischen Behandlungsergebnisse bei Kindern oftmals schlechter als vergleichbare Resultate bei Erwachsenen. Weitere chirurgische Innovationen und ätiologiespezifische Therapiekonzepte sind erforderlich, um die Ergebnisse in dieser Patientengruppe zu verbessern.
Qualitätsmessung aus Routinedaten
Authors: Lang Stefan , Rilk Robert , Müller Alida , Luebke Jan , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Gesundheitswesen besteht ein ansteigender Bedarf an Qualitätsmessung. In Deutschland sind Krankenhäuser gesetzlich zu Maßnahmen der externen Qualitätssicherung sowie zur Einführung eines internen Qualitätsmanagements verpflichtet. Über dieses gesetzlich festgeschriebene Maß hinaus gibt es auch die Möglichkeit, mittels Routinedaten Qualitätsmessungen durchzuführen. Hierzu eignen sich strukturierte Abrechnungsdaten, wie das ICD-System, oder auch nicht standardisierte Quellen, wie die Arztberichte. Wichtig ist die Auswahl geeigneter Qualitätsindikatoren, um die Daten sinnvoll zu extrahieren. Dies können sowohl Komplikationen als auch das Erreichen von Operationszielen sein. Auch die Analyse von Abläufen wie die Erfassung von Wartezeiten im Behandlungsablauf ist möglich. Erste Daten unserer Zeiterhebung zeigen, dass mit der zunehmenden Durchdringung eines elektronischen Patientenleitsystems eine kürzere Behandlungszeit in unserer Ambulanz erreicht wurde. Das Erheben von Qualitätsindikatoren aus Routinedaten bietet demzufolge die Möglichkeit, die Entwicklung der eigenen Qualität über einen längeren Zeitraum zu beobachten und damit die Auswirkungen etwaiger Maßnahmen zu überprüfen. Zudem bieten sich Routinedaten auch für das „Public Reporting“, beispielsweise in Jahresberichten, an.
Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen von Ocriplasmin – ein Update
Authors: Compera Denise , Priglinger Siegfried , Schumann Ricarda Gisela 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie pharmakologische Vitreolyse mit Ocriplasmin ist eine effektive, nicht operative Therapieoption zur Behandlung der vitreomakulären Traktion (VMT) ≤ 1500 µm einschließlich assoziiertem Makulaforamen mit einem Durchmesser von ≤ 400 µm. Sowohl klinische Phase-III-Studien als auch nach Zulassung von Ocriplasmin durchgeführte Studien konnten zeigen, dass eine Verbesserung der Sehschärfe durch die intravitreale Injektion des Medikaments erreicht werden kann und die VMT in 78% der Fälle durch die Behandlung gelöst wird. Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Behandlung mit Ocriplasmin ist eine gezielte Selektion der Patienten, die nach beschriebenen prädiktiven Faktoren empfohlen wird. Die Nebenwirkungen nach Ocriplasmin-Injektion sind meist passager und selbstlimitierend. Ihr Auftreten ist jedoch nicht selten. Visusminderung sowie strukturelle SD-OCT- und ERG-Veränderungen sind mit einer erfolgreichen Ablösung der VMT verbunden. Hierbei erscheint besonders wichtig, Patienten vor Injektion von Ocriplasmin über potenzielle subjektive Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen aufzuklären. Bei persistierender VMT oder persistierendem Makulaforamen nach pharmakologischer Vitreolyse ergeben sich keine funktionellen und morphologischen Nachteile für die behandelten Patienten verglichen mit jenen, die ausschließlich operiert wurden und keine vorangegangene Ocriplasmin-Injektion erhalten hatten.
Unterstützte Kommunikation in der neurologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Gröne Berthold 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungNach Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen des Nervensystems kommt es häufig zu Beeinträchtigungen kommunikativer Funktionen wie der
Sprachfähigkeit, dem Sprechen oder dem Gebrauch von Gesten. Die Ursachen hierfür können sehr stark variieren und sind in der Regel in ein
komplexes Krankheitsbild aus einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Symptome eingebettet. Dabei existieren sehr unterschiedliche Schweregrade der
jeweiligen neurologischen Störung. Auch die zu erwartenden Verläufe von Erkrankung und Erkrankungs-, Verletzungsfolgen entwickeln sich sehr
unterschiedlich, mit Remissionen, stagnierend oder progredient. In allen Fällen aber gilt, dass die eingeschränkte oder fehlende
Kommunikationsfähigkeit für die betroffenen Patienten und ihr privates wie professionelles soziales Umfeld eine ungeheure Belastung und
Herausforderung darstellt 20,
27,
5. Hier Lösungen zu finden, ist ein dringendes Anliegen aller Beteiligten.
Innovative production technologies.
Authors: Razi M. F. , Janke R. , Khan M. M. , Um-e-Ammara Um-e-Ammara 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

In relevance to agriculture, the term 'innovation' may be defined as 'a new method, technique or technology which reduces human effort, minimizes cost of implementation, protects soil, atmosphere, water resources, human health, wild life and flora while increasing crop yield and quality under a given socio-economic scenario'. It involves two main research streams: (i) research to generate an innovation, and (ii) analysis of adoptability of the research-oriented invention and innovation. This chapter discusses some innovative technologies, such as remote sensing, robotics, nanoparticles, synthetic plant growth stimulants and their application in citrus crop production, particularly in crop protection, irrigation, fertilizer application in soils and foliar nutrition. The good agricultural practices in lime plantations and the organic production of limes are also described.
Comparison of Energy Absorption of Aluminium-composite Tubes Subjected to Axial Loading
Authors: Abbas Tahir , Ya H.H. , Abdullah Mohamad Zaki 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, energy absorption capability and failure modes of partially wrapped aluminium tubes have been studied. These tubes are used in the front side of automobiles and aircraft applications. Filament winding technique was used for partial wrapping of these tubes. Partially wrapping on the external surface of aluminium tubes was done with glass fibers, and epoxy resin, which is a composite material. Various composite layers and fiber angles were used in partial wrapping, which includes 4, 6 and 8 composite layers of ± 55° fiber angle. These tubes were subjected to axial crushing using the universal ‎testing machine, and testing speed was 5mm/min. Failure modes and energy absorption analysis were carried out after testing. The experimental results revealed that partially wrapped aluminium tubes are 3.81%, 8.13% and 17.06% more efficient in energy absorption as compared to the tubes without wrapping. Furthermore, the effect of composite layers and failure modes has also been described.
Probability Map Viewer: near real-time probability map generator of serial block electron microscopy collections
Authors: Churas Christopher , Perez Alex J , Hakozaki Hiroyuki , Wong Willy , Lee David , Peltier Steven T , Ellisman Mark H 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Summary
To expedite the review of semi-automated probability maps of organelles and other features from 3D electron microscopy data we have developed Probability Map Viewer, a Java-based web application that enables the computation and visualization of probability map generation results in near real-time as the data are being collected from the microscope. Probability Map Viewer allows the user to select one or more voxel classifiers, apply them on a sub-region of an active collection, and visualize the results as overlays on the raw data via any web browser using a personal computer or mobile device. Thus, Probability Map Viewer accelerates and informs the image analysis workflow by providing a tool for experimenting with and optimizing dataset-specific segmentation strategies during imaging.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/crbs/probabilitymapviewer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GraphSpace: stimulating interdisciplinary collaborations in network biology
Authors: Bharadwaj Aditya , Singh Divit P , Ritz Anna , Tegge Allison N , Poirel Christopher L , Kraikivski Pavel , Adames Neil , Luther Kurt , Kale Shiv D , Peccoud Jean , Tyson John J , Murali T M 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Summary
Networks have become ubiquitous in systems biology. Visualization is a crucial component in their analysis. However, collaborations within research teams in network biology are hampered by software systems that are either specific to a computational algorithm, create visualizations that are not biologically meaningful, or have limited features for sharing networks and visualizations. We present GraphSpace, a web-based platform that fosters team science by allowing collaborating research groups to easily store, interact with, layout and share networks.

Availability and implementation
Anyone can upload and share networks at http://graphspace.org. In addition, the GraphSpace code is available at http://github.com/Murali-group/graphspace if a user wants to run his or her own server.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study Cohort, 2000–2013
Authors: Samandari Taraz , Tedaldi Ellen , Armon Carl , Hart Rachel , Chmiel Joan S. , Brooks John T. , Buchacz Kate ,   and the HIV Outpatient Study Investigators, Buchacz Kate , Durham Marcus D. , Brooks T. John , Hays Harlen , Hart Rachel , Subramanian Thilakavathy , Armon Carl , Dean Bonnie , Purinton Stacey , Franklin Dana , Akridge Cheryl , Rayeed Nabil , Palella J. Frank , Chmiel Joan S. , Jahangir Saira , Flaherty Conor Daniel , Hammer John , Greenberg Kenneth S. , Widick Barbara , Franklin Rosa , Yangco Bienvenido G. , Ward Douglas J. , Thomas Troy , Stewart Cheryl , Fuhrer Jack , Ording-Bauer Linda , Kelly Rita , Esteves Jane , Tedaldi Ellen M. , Christian Ramona A. , Ruley Faye , Beadle Dania , Novak Richard M. , Wendrow Andrea , Young Benjamin , Scott Mia , Widick Barbara 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
There are few recent studies of incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the United States.

Methods
We studied HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants seen in 9 HIV-specialty clinics who had ≥1 clinical encounter during 2000–2013 and ≥2 HCV-related tests, the first of which was a negative HCV antibody test (Ab). Hepatitis C virus incident cases were identified by first positive HCV Ab, viral load, or genotype. We assessed rates of incident HCV overall, by calendar intervals, and by demographic and HIV risk strata, and we explored risk factors for incident HCV using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The 1941 eligible patients (median age 40 years, 23% female, 61% men who had sex with men [MSM], and 3% persons who injected drugs [PWID]) experienced 102 (5.3%) incident HCV infections for an overall incidence of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–1.30) per 100 person-years (py). Hepatitis C virus incidence decreased from 1.83 in 2000–2003 to 0.88 in 2011–2013 (P = .024), with decreases observed (P &lt; .05) among PWID and heterosexuals, but not among MSM. Overall, MSM comprised 59% of incident cases, and PWID were at most risk for incident HCV infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for PWID = 4.62 and 95% CI = 2.11–10.13; for MSM, aHR = 1.48 and 95% CI = 0.86–2.55 compared with heterosexuals).

Conclusions
Among HIV-infected patients in care during 2000–2013, incidence of HCV infection exceeded 1 case per 100 py. Our findings support recommendations for annual HCV screenings for HIV-infected persons, including persons with only MSM risk, to enable HCV diagnosis and treatment for coinfected individuals.
Using Qualitative Research to Inform Development of Professional Guidelines: A Case Study of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Family-Centered Care Guidelines
Authors: Coombs Maureen A. , Davidson Judy E. , Nunnally Mark E. , Wickline Mary A. , Curtis J. Randall 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
To explore the importance, challenges, and opportunities using qualitative research to enhance development of clinical practice guidelines, using recent guidelines for family-centered care in the ICU as an example.

Methods:
In developing the Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal ICU, PICU, and adult ICU, we developed an innovative adaptation of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluations approach to explicitly incorporate qualitative research. Using Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluations and the Council of Medical Specialty Societies principles, we conducted a systematic review of qualitative research to establish family-centered domains and outcomes. Thematic analyses were undertaken on study findings and used to support Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome question development.

Results:
We identified and employed three approaches using qualitative research in these guidelines. First, previously published qualitative research was used to identify important domains for the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome questions. Second, this qualitative research was used to identify and prioritize key outcomes to be evaluated. Finally, we used qualitative methods, member checking with patients and families, to validate the process and outcome of the guideline development.

Conclusions:
In this, a novel report, we provide direction for standardizing the use of qualitative evidence in future guidelines. Recommendations are made to incorporate qualitative literature review and appraisal, include qualitative methodologists in guideline taskforce teams, and develop training for evaluation of qualitative research into guideline development procedures. Effective methods of involving patients and families as members of guideline development represent opportunities for future work.
Value and Meaning of Faith Community Nursing
Authors: Mock Gabrielle Sheridan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT:
The literature that supports and describes faith community nursing (FCN) practice is extensive, but limited in describing the value and meaning of FCN to the community. A qualitative investigation of one FCN program led to emergence of five themes that illustrate the perceived importance of FCN to this community: tasks and services offered, nursing expertise, spirituality, familiarity, and community support. This exploration reveals the deeper value and meaning of FCN to the communities these nurses support.
The role of nonpharmacologic therapies in management of chronic pelvic pain: what to do when surgery fails
Authors: Till Sara R. , Wahl Heather N. , As-Sanie Sawsan 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
To provide an update on nonsurgical and nonpharmacologic strategies for the management of chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

Recent findings
Effective treatment of patients with CPP requires a multifaceted approach, with thoughtful consideration of surgical, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic strategies. Evidence for physical therapy and trigger point injections for treatment of myofascial components of CPP is increasing. Neuromodulation techniques, such as percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation, have limited but favorable preliminary data in patients with CPP. Behavioral strategies, such as exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness, have demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function and quality of life in patients with a variety of chronic pain conditions and are promising avenues for future research in CPP.

Summary
Nonpharmacologic therapies are important adjuncts to surgical and pharmacologic treatment for CPP and should be considered integral to a comprehensive treatment approach.
Safety and Efficacy of the Push Endoscopic Technique in the Management of Esophageal Food Bolus Impactions in Children
Authors: Kriem Jamal , Rahhal Riad 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Adult‐based guidelines support the use of the pull (extraction) endoscopic technique in managing esophageal food bolus impactions (FBIs) but allow the consideration of the push (advancement) technique with caution based on available published literature. The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines mention the use of gentle endoscopic pushing for disimpaction but elaborate that this technique has not been studied in children. Our study aimed at assessing the safety and efficacy of the push technique in managing pediatric esophageal FBIs.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients presenting with esophageal FBIs to a pediatric tertiary care center from 2003 to 2016.Results:Two hundred forty‐two procedures for esophageal foreign body removal were reviewed. Thirty‐nine procedures for managing esophageal FBIs were included in a total of 23 patients (1–4 procedures per patient). The most common underlying diagnoses were eosinophilic esophagitis and repaired tracheoesophageal fistula. The cohort had a median age of 8 years and median weight of 34.4 kg. Initial endoscopic disimpaction methods included 20 push and 19 pull technique attempts with success rates of 65% and 68%, respectively (P = 1.0). Unsuccessful attempts using 1 technique were successfully accomplished using the other technique. Patients initially managed by either of the 2 disimpaction techniques did not differ in age, weight, sex, or underlying diagnoses. No procedure‐related complications were reported at our center.Conclusion:The present study shows that the push technique is as safe and effective as the pull technique in managing esophageal FBIs in pediatric patients.
Reductions in HIV Diagnoses Among African American Women: A Search for Explanations
Authors: Ivy Wade , Nwangwu-Ike Ndidi , Paz-Bailey Gabriela ,   for the NHBS Study Group
Published: June 2017

Background:
African American women experienced a 46% reduction in the rate of HIV diagnoses from 56.0 in 2008, to 30.0 in 2014 (per 100,000). The reasons for this decrease are unknown; however, we hypothesize that improvements in socioeconomic status, health care access, and risk behaviors may have contributed to this reduction.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 2006, 2010, and 2013 of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. African American women living at or below poverty were surveyed from 19 United States cities using respondent-driven and venue-based sampling, and tested for HIV infection. We used generalized estimating equations to determine differences for selected outcomes regarding health care and risk behaviors over time.

Results:
Among 11,065 women, we found increases in the percentage of women who reported having a recent HIV test (P value = 0.0002); having health insurance (P < 0.0001); and recently visiting a health care provider (P < 0.0001). Being unemployed declined significantly (P = 0.0057), as did reporting recent injection drug use (P < 0.0001). Crack use declined among women aged 25–44 years (P < 0.0001). However, reporting condomless vaginal sex at last sex (P = 0.0268), condomless anal sex at last sex (P = 0.6462), or 3 or more sex partners in the past 12 months (P = 0.5449) remained stable.

Discussion:
Enhanced health care access and socioeconomic status and reductions in drug use may have contributed to the declines in HIV diagnoses among African American women in the United States.
Awareness, Willingness, and Use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Washington, DC and Miami-Dade County, FL: National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 2011 and 2014
Authors: Patrick Rudy , Forrest David , Cardenas Gabriel , Opoku Jenevieve , Magnus Manya , Phillips Gregory , Greenberg Alan , Metsch Lisa , Kharfen Michael , LaLota Marlene , Kuo Irene 
Published: June 2017

Introduction:
Despite the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, knowledge, and uptake of this new prevention intervention over time has not been fully studied. Using NHBS data from 2 urban areas highly impacted by HIV, we examined awareness, use, and willingness to use daily oral PrEP and factors associated with willingness to take oral PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) over time.

Methods:
MSM from Washington, DC and Miami, FL were recruited in 2011 and 2014 using venue-based sampling. Participants completed behavioral surveys and HIV testing. Awareness, use, and willingness to use oral PrEP were examined. Demographic and behavioral correlates of being “very likely” to use PrEP in 2011 and 2014 were assessed.

Results:
PrEP awareness increased from 2011 to 2014 in both cities (DC: 39.1%–73.8% and Miami: 19.4%–41.2%), but use remained low in 2014 (DC: 7.7%; Miami: 1.4%). Being very likely to use PrEP decreased over time in DC (61%–48%), but increased in Miami (48%–60%). In DC, minority race was associated with increased odds of being very likely to use PrEP, whereas reduced odds of being very likely to use PrEP was observed for MSM with 1 or 2–5 partners versus having 6+ partners. In Miami, a higher proportion of white versus Hispanic MSM reported being very likely to use PrEP in 2011, but this observation was reversed in 2014.

Conclusion:
Geographic differences in awareness, use, and willingness to use PrEP indicate that innovative strategies are needed to educate MSM about this effective prevention strategy.
Antiretroviral Therapy Use Among HIV-Infected People Who Inject Drugs—20 Cities, United States, 2009–2015
Authors: Hoots Brooke E. , Finlayson Teresa J. , Broz Dita , Paz-Bailey Gabriela ,   for the NHBS Study Group
Published: June 2017

Background:
Approximately 16% of infections among those living with diagnosed HIV infection in the United States are attributable to injection drug use. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) are recommended for all infected persons to improve health and prevent transmission. Using data from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, we evaluated changes in ARV use from 2009 to 2015 among HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods:
PWID were recruited by respondent-driven sampling in 20 cities. ARV use was defined as self-reported use at the time of interview. Prevalence ratios measuring change in ARV use per 3-year increase in year were estimated using log-linked Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations.

Results:
ARV use was 58% (319/548) in 2009, 67% (410/608) in 2012, and 71% (386/545) in 2015. In all 3 cycle years, a higher percentage of ARV treatment was observed among males, PWID of older age (≥50), and PWID with current health insurance. ARV use increased overall, with an adjusted relative increase of 8% per every 3-year increase in year (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.12). ARV use also increased among most subgroups.

Conclusions:
These findings show progress in ARV treatment, although ARV coverage remains low compared with other populations at risk for HIV. Efforts to improve ARV coverage among PWIDs are needed.