bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Method for Categorical Drought Prediction Based on NLDAS-2
Authors: Hao Zengchao , Hao Fanghua , Xia Youlong , Singh Vijay P. , Hong Yang , Shen Xinyi , Ouyang Wei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDrought is a slowly varying natural phenomenon and may have wide impacts on a range of sectors. Tremendous efforts have therefore been devoted to drought monitoring and prediction to reduce potential impacts of drought. Reliable drought prediction is critically important to provide information ahead of time for early warning to facilitate drought-preparedness plans. The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) is a composite drought product that depicts drought conditions in categorical forms, and it has been widely used to track drought and its impacts for operational and research purposes. The USDM is an assessment of drought condition but does not provide drought prediction information. Given the wide application of USDM, drought prediction in a categorical form similar to that of USDM would be of considerable importance, but it has not been explored thus far. This study proposes a statistical method for categorical drought prediction by integrating the USDM drought category as an initial condition with drought information from other sources such as drought indices from land surface simulation or statistical prediction. Incorporating USDM drought categories and drought indices from phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2), the proposed method is tested in Texas for 2001–14. Results show satisfactory performance of the proposed method for categorical drought prediction, which provides useful information to aid early warning for drought-preparedness plans.
Quadrant-Dependent Evolution of Low-Level Tangential Wind of a Tropical Cyclone in the Shear Flow
Authors: Gu Jian-Feng , Tan Zhe-Min , Qiu Xin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study investigates the quadrant-by-quadrant evolution of the low-level tangential wind near the eyewall of an idealized simulated mature tropical cyclone embedded in a unidirectional shear flow. It is found that the quadrant-averaged tangential wind in the right-of-shear quadrants weakens continuously, while that in the left-of-shear quadrants experiences a two-stage evolution: a quasi-steady stage followed by a weakening stage after the imposing of vertical wind shear. This leads to a larger weakening rate in the right-of-shear and a stronger jet in the left-of-shear quadrants. The budget analysis shows that the quadrant-dependent evolution of tangential wind is controlled through the balance between the generalized Coriolis force (GCF; i.e., the radial advection of absolute angular momentum) and the advection terms. The steady decreasing of the GCF is primarily responsible for the continuous weakening of jet strength in the right-of-shear quadrants. For the left-of-shear quadrants, the quasi-steady stage is due to the opposite contributions by the enhanced GCF and negative tendency of advections cancelling out each other. The later weakening stage is the result of both the decreased GCF and the negative tangential advection. The combination of storm-relative flows at vortex scale and the convection strength both within and outside the eyewall determines the evolution of boundary layer inflow asymmetries, which in turn results in the change of GCF, leading to the quadrant-dependent evolution of low-level jet strength and thus the overall storm intensity change.
Numerical Archetypal Parameterization for Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Moncrieff Mitchell W. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Vertical shear commonly organizes atmospheric convection into coherent multiscale structures. The associated countergradient vertical transport of horizontal momentum by organized convection can enhance the wind shear and transport kinetic energy upscale. However, organized convection and its upscale effects are not represented by traditional mass-flux-based parameterizations. The present paper sets the archetypal dynamical models, originally formulated by the second author, into a parameterization context by utilizing a nonhydrostatic anelastic model with segmentally constant approximation (NAM–SCA). Using a two-dimensional framework as a starting point, NAM–SCA spontaneously generates propagating tropical squall lines in a sheared environment. High numerical efficiency is achieved through a novel compression methodology. The numerically generated archetypes produce vertical profiles of convective momentum transport that are consistent with the analytic archetype.
Narcissism, Masochism and the Reconstituted Male—Masculine Performances in Fight Club and The Wrestler
Authors: John Vimal Mohan , Viswamohan Aysha Iqbal 
Published: December 2015

The article reads David Fincher’s Fight Club (1999) and Darren Aronofsky’s film The Wrestler (2008) as films that deploy masochistic spectacles of heroically suffering white men. Both Fincher and Aronofsky are well known for their dark and sometimes surreal films that frequently take up violence as a theme (Mayshark, 2007). They are also prominent auteurial voices, nominated for and winning multiple prominent film awards. Both Fincher and Aronofsky are, the article argues, representatives of a class of American directors who, starting in the early 1990s, made independent art house films and won accolades at various film festivals, making anti-mainstream, if not subversive cinema. These filmmakers of the 1990s sustained the spirit of enquiry that was the hallmark of the auteurs of the New Hollywood age. Our contention is that Fincher’s Fight Club and Aronofsky’s The Wrestler can be accommodated on this list as films made by subversive filmmakers and that they share common features owing to their commitment to explore constructions of masculinity and performances of the same. The question that the article seeks to address is—does David Savran’s framework offered in Taking it Like a Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture (1998) predict the distinct male posturing of masochistically suffering white men visible in Fight Club and The Wrestler? The article will primarily use the theoretical framework offered by David Savran to examine where Fight Club and The Wrestler are situated with respect to the mainstream Hollywood fare featuring hyper-masculine heroes.
Reverse Engineering and Evaluation of Prediction Models for Progression to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey P. , Parikh Jignesh R. , Shenfeld Daniel K. , Ivanov Vladimir , Marks Casey , Church Bruce W. , Laramie Jason M. , Mardekian Jack , Piper Beth Anne , Willke Richard J. , Rublee Dale A. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Application of novel machine learning approaches to electronic health record (EHR) data could provide valuable insights into disease processes. We utilized this approach to build predictive models for progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Using a novel analytical platform (Reverse Engineering and Forward Simulation [REFS]), we built prediction model ensembles for progression to prediabetes or T2D from an aggregated EHR data sample. REFS relies on a Bayesian scoring algorithm to explore a wide model space, and outputs a distribution of risk estimates from an ensemble of prediction models. We retrospectively followed 24 331 adults for transitions to prediabetes or T2D, 2007-2012. Accuracy of prediction models was assessed using an area under the curve (AUC) statistic, and validated in an independent data set. Results: Our primary ensemble of models accurately predicted progression to T2D (AUC = 0.76), and was validated out of sample (AUC = 0.78). Models of progression to T2D consisted primarily of established risk factors (blood glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, hypertension, lipid disorders, socioeconomic factors), whereas models of progression to prediabetes included novel factors (high-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, body temperature; AUC = 0.70). Conclusions: We constructed accurate prediction models from EHR data using a hypothesis-free machine learning approach. Identification of established risk factors for T2D serves as proof of concept for this analytical approach, while novel factors selected by REFS represent emerging areas of T2D research. This methodology has potentially valuable downstream applications to personalized medicine and clinical research.
Geologic events coupled with Pleistocene climatic oscillations drove genetic variation of Omei treefrog (Rhacophorus omeimontis) in southern China
Authors: Li Jun , Zhao Mian , Wei Shichao , Luo Zhenhua , Wu Hua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPleistocene climatic oscillations and historical geological events may both influence current patterns of genetic variation, and the species in southern China that faced unique climatic and topographical events have complex evolutionary histories. However, the relative contributions of climatic oscillations and geographical events to the genetic variation of these species remain undetermined. To investigate patterns of genetic variation and to test the hypotheses about the factors that shaped the distribution of this genetic variation in species of southern China, mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) and nine microsatellite loci of the Omei tree frog (Rhacophorus omeimontis) were amplified in this study.ResultsThe genetic diversity in the populations ofR. omeimontiswas high. The phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and the Bayesian genetic clustering analysis based on microsatellite data both revealed that all populations were divided into three lineages (SC, HG and YN). The two most recent splitting events among the lineages coincided with recent geological events (including the intense uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, QTP and the subsequent movements of the Yun-Gui Plateau, YGP) and the Pleistocene glaciations. Significant expansion signals were not detected in mismatch analyses or neutrality tests. And the effective population size of each lineage was stable during the Pleistocene.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, complex geological events (the recent dramatic uplift of the QTP and the subsequent movements of the YGP) and the Pleistocene glaciations were apparent drivers of the rapid divergence of theR. omeimontislineages. Each diverged lineages survivedin situwith limited gene exchanges, and the stable demographics of lineages indicate that the Pleistocene climatic oscillations were inconsequential for this species. The analysis of genetic variation in populations ofR. omeimontiscontributes to the understanding of the effects of changes in climate and of geographical events on the dynamic development of contemporary patterns of genetic variation in the species of southern China.
Helicopter-borne transient electromagnetics in high-latitude environments: An application in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Foley Neil , Tulaczyk Slawek , Auken Esben , Schamper Cyril , Dugan Hilary , Mikucki Jill , Virginia Ross , Doran Peter 
Published: December 2015

The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a polar desert in coastal Antarctica, where glaciers, permafrost, ice-covered lakes, and ephemeral summer streams coexist. Liquid water is found at the surface only in lakes and in the temporary streams that feed them. Past geophysical exploration has yielded ambiguous results regarding the presence of subsurface water. In 2011, we used a helicopter-borne, time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) sensor to map resistivity in the subsurface across the Dry Valleys. The airborne electromagnetic (AEM) method excels at finding subsurface liquid water in polar deserts, where water remains liquid under cold conditions if it is sufficiently saline, and therefore electrically conductive. Over the course of 26 h of helicopter time, we covered large portions of the Dry Valleys and vastly increased our geophysical understanding of the subsurface, particularly with respect to water. Our data show extensive subsurface low-resistivity layers approximately 150–250 m below the surface and beneath higher resistivity layers. We interpret the low-resistivity layers as geologic materials containing freeze-concentrated or “cryoconcentrated” hyper saline brines lying beneath glaciers and frozen permafrost. These brines appeared to be contiguous with surface lakes, subglacial regions, and the Ross Sea, which could indicate a regional-hydrogeologic system, wherein solutes might be transported between surface reservoirs by ionic diffusion and subsurface flow. The presence of such brines underneath glaciers might have implications for glacier movement. Systems such as this, where brines exist beneath glacial ice and frozen permafrost, may exist elsewhere in coastal Antarctica; AEM resistivity is an ideal tool to find and survey them. Our application of TDEM demonstrates that in polar subsurface environments containing conductive brines, such a diffusive electromagnetic method is superior to radar surveying in terms of depth of penetration and ability to differentiate hydrogeologic conditions.
Metabolic Effects of Long-Term Reduction in Free Fatty Acids With Acipimox in Obesity: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Makimura Hideo , Stanley Takara L. , Suresh Caroline , De Sousa-Coelho Ana Luisa , Frontera Walter R. , Syu Stephanie , Braun Laurie R. , Looby Sara E. , Feldpausch Meghan N. , Torriani Martin , Lee Hang , Patti Mary-Elizabeth , Grinspoon Steven K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Context:
Increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) have been proposed to contribute to insulin resistance in obesity. Short-term studies have investigated the effects of acipimox, an inhibitor of hormone-sensitive lipase, on glucose homeostasis, but longer-term studies have not been performed.

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that long-term treatment with acipimox would reduce FFA and improve insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic, insulin-resistant, obese subjects.

Design, Setting, Patients, and Intervention:
At an academic medical center, 39 obese men and women were randomized to acipimox 250 mg thrice-daily vs identical placebo for 6 months.

Main Outcome Measures:
Plasma lipids, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, and mitochondrial function via assessment of the rate of post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery on 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as muscle mitochondrial density and relevant muscle gene expression.

Results:
Fasting glucose decreased significantly in acipimox-treated individuals (effect size, −6 mg/dL; P = .02), in parallel with trends for reduced fasting insulin (effect size, −6.8 μU/mL; P = .07) and HOMA-IR (effect size, −1.96; P = .06), and significantly increased adiponectin (effect size, +668 ng/mL; P = .02). Acipimox did not affect insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as assessed by euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp. Effects on muscle mitochondrial function and density and on relevant gene expression were not seen.

Conclusion:
These data shed light on the long-term effects of FFA reduction on insulin sensitivity, other metabolic parameters, and muscle mitochondrial function in obesity. Reduced FFA achieved by acipimox improved fasting measures of glucose homeostasis, lipids, and adiponectin but had no effect on mitochondrial function, mitochondrial density, or muscle insulin sensitivity.
The HABP2 G534E Variant Is an Unlikely Cause of Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Stultz Jacob , Williamson John , Lott Paul , Estrada Ana , Bohorquez Mabel , Palles Claire , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe , Jaeger Emma , Martin Lynn , Echeverry Maria Magdalena , Tomlinson Ian ,   on behalf of members of TCUKIN*, Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Context:
A recent study reported the nonsynonymous G534E (rs7080536, allele A) variant in the HABP2 gene as causal in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the causality of HABP2 G534E in the TCUKIN study, a multicenter population-based study of NMTC cases from the British Isles.

Design and Setting:
A case-control analysis of rs7080536 genotypes was performed using 2105 TCUKIN cases and 5172 UK controls.

Participants:
Cases comprised 2105 NMTC cases. Patient subgroups with papillary (n = 1056), follicular (n = 691), and Hürthle cell (n = 86) thyroid cancer cases were studied separately. Controls comprised 5172 individuals from the 1958 Birth Cohort and the National Blood Donor Service study. The controls had previously been genotyped using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study.

Outcome Measures:
Association between HABP2 G534E (rs7080536A) and NMTC risk was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results:
The frequency of the HABP2 G534E was 4.2% in cases and 4.6% in controls. We did not detect an association between this variant and NMTC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.896; 95% confidence interval, 0.746–1.071; P = .233). We also failed to detect an association between the HABP2 G534E and cases with papillary (1056 cases; G534E frequency = 3.5%; OR = 0.74; P = .017), follicular (691 cases; G534E frequency = 4.7%; OR = 1.00; P = 1.000), or Hürthle cell (86 cases; G534E frequency = 6.3%; OR = 1.40; P = .279) histology.

Conclusions:
We found that HABP2 G534E is a low-to-moderate frequency variant in the British Isles and failed to detect an association with NMTC risk, independent of histological type. Hence, our study does not implicate HABP2 G534E or a correlated polymorphism in familial NMTC, and additional data are required before using this variant in NMTC risk assessment.
A Simplified Method of Accurate Postprocessing of Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Use in Brain Tumor Resection
Authors: Bonney Phillip A. , Conner Andrew K. , Boettcher Lillian B. , Cheema Ahmed A. , Glenn Chad A. , Smitherman Adam D. , Pittman Nathan A. , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in brain tumor resection has been limited in part by a perceived difficulty in implementing the techniques into neurosurgical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a simple DTI postprocessing method performed without a neuroscientist and to share results in preserving patient function while aggressively resecting tumors.

METHODS: DTI data are obtained in all patients with tumors located within presumed eloquent cortices. Relevant white matter tracts are mapped and integrated with neuronavigation by a nonexpert in < 20 minutes. We report operative results in 43 consecutive awake craniotomy patients from January 2014 to December 2014 undergoing resection of intracranial lesions. We compare DTI-expected findings with stimulation mapping results for the corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (65%) underwent surgery for high-grade gliomas and 11 patients (26%) for low-grade gliomas. Seventeen patients had posterior temporal lesions; 10 had posterior frontal lesions; 8 had parietal-temporal-occipital junction lesions; and 8 had insular lesions. With DTI-defined tracts used as a guide, a combined 65 positive maps and 60 negative maps were found via stimulation mapping. Overall sensitivity and specificity of DTI were 98% and 95%, respectively. Permanent speech worsening occurred in 1 patient (2%), and permanent weakness occurred in 3 patients (7%). Greater than 90% resection was achieved in 32 cases (74%).

CONCLUSION: Accurate DTI is easily obtained, postprocessed, and implemented into neuronavigation within routine neurosurgical workflow. This information aids in resecting tumors while preserving eloquent cortices and subcortical networks.
FlyOde - a platform for community curation and interactive visualization of dynamic gene regulatory networks in Drosophila eye development
Authors: Koestler Stefan A. , Alaybeyoglu Begum , Weichenberger Christian X. , Celik Arzu 
Published: December 2015

Motivation: Understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing eye development of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (D. m.) requires structured knowledge of the involved genes and proteins, their interactions, and dynamic expression patterns. Especially the latter information is however to a large extent scattered throughout the literature.Results: FlyOde is an online platform for the systematic assembly of data on D. m. eye development. It consists of data on eye development obtained from the literature, and a web interface for users to interactively display these data as a gene regulatory network. Our manual curation process provides high standard structured data, following a specifically designed ontology. Visualization of gene interactions provides an overview of network topology, and filtering according to user-defined expression patterns makes it a versatile tool for daily tasks, as demonstrated by usage examples. Users are encouraged to submit additional data via a simple online form.
What’s Love Got to Do with It? Crowdsourcing, Curating and Love in the Neo-liberal Museum
Authors: Boylan Alexis L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Using the Museum of Fine Art, Boston’s exhibition Boston Loves Impressionism (2014) as a case study, this article engages the problematic ways that the term ‘love’ has been mobilized to promote the ideology and technology of crowdsourcing, diminish the labour of curating and narrow the experience of art viewing. While love might have radical potential, I argue that love is increasingly used as a conservative straightening device enforcing sexual, gender and racial norms and distancing audiences from art and ideas deemed unlovable or foreign. Curating, however, can be mobilized to not merely reproduce a neo-liberal vision of love, but to promote a more inclusive and varied access point for audiences.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Schäfer Friederike , Roberts Bill , Zebarjad Negin , Duffy Owen , MacInnis Jordan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
ALL THE WORLD’S FUTURES Curated by Okwui Enwezor, along with 89 national pavilions and 44 collateral events, 56th International Art Exhibition of la Biennale di Venezia, 9 May – 22 November 2015
ADVENTURES OF THE BLACK SQUARE: ABSTRACT ART AND SOCIETY 1915–2015 Curated by Iwona Blazwick and Magnus af Petersens, Whitechapel Gallery, London, 15 January–6 April 2015
THE AGA KHAN MUSEUM COLLECTION AND THE GARDEN OF IDEAS: CONTEMPORARY ART FROM PAKISTAN Aga Khan Museum, Toronto, 18 September 2014–18 January 2015
SIMON DENNY: THE INNOVATOR’S DILEMMA Curated by Peter Eleey, with Jocelyn Miller, Museum of Modern Art PS1, New York, 3 April–7 September 2015
POLITICS OF FASHION/FASHION OF POLITICS Curated by Jeanne Beker and Sara Nickleson, Design Exchange, Toronto, 18 September 2014–25 January 2015
SmartCoimbra: parcerias e tendências para o desenvolvimento do Turismo na Região de Coimbra
Authors: Santos Norberto 
Published: December 2015

Integrada nas intervenções SmartCities, foram realizadas diversas atividades de pesquisa, discussão e avaliação, que se organizaram em diversas áreas, de forma a valorizar a qualidade de vida e a sustentabilidade territorial e dos processos. As que aqui se dá conta tomaram em consideração o Turismo, incluídas num projeto que assumiu a designação SmartCoimbra. O interesse do texto que se segue resulta da síntese conseguida pela participação de um número significativo de stakeholders regionais, envolvidos na atividade turística. O envolvimento destes parceiros permitiu a identificação de obstáculos existentes e a proposição de estratégias de atuação. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_34_10