bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Template–Framework Interactions in Tetraethylammonium‐Directed Zeolite Synthesis
Authors: Schmidt Joel E. , Fu Donglong , Deem Michael W. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractZeolites, having widespread applications in chemical industries, are often synthesized using organic templates. These can be cost‐prohibitive, motivating investigations into their role in promoting crystallization. Herein, the relationship between framework structure, chemical composition, synthesis conditions and the conformation of the occluded, economical template tetraethylammonium (TEA+) has been systematically examined by experimental and computational means. The results show two distinct regimes of occluded conformer tendencies: 1) In frameworks with a large stabilization energy difference, only a single conformer was found (BEA, LTA and MFI). 2) In the frameworks with small stabilization energy differences (AEI, AFI, CHA and MOR), less than the interconversion of TEA+ in solution, a heteroatom‐dependent (Al, B, Co, Mn, Ti, Zn) distribution of conformers was observed. These findings demonstrate that host–guest chemistry principles, including electrostatic interactions and coordination chemistry, are as important as ideal pore‐filling.
Simple Copper Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Amines: Selectivity Control by the Counterion
Authors: Xu Boran , Hartigan Elizabeth M. , Feula Giancarlo , Huang Zheng , Lumb Jean‐Philip , Arndtsen Bruce A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe describe the use of simple copper‐salt catalysts in the selective aerobic oxidation of amines to nitriles or imines. These catalysts are marked by their exceptional efficiency, operate at ambient temperature and pressure, and allow the oxidation of amines without expensive ligands or additives. This study highlights the significant role counterions can play in controlling selectivity in catalytic aerobic oxidations.
On Approaching the Limit of Molecular Magnetic Anisotropy: A Near‐Perfect Pentagonal Bipyramidal Dysprosium(III) Single‐Molecule Magnet
Authors: Ding You‐Song , Chilton Nicholas F. , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report a monometallic dysprosium complex, [Dy(OtBu)2(py)5][BPh4] (5), that shows the largest effective energy barrier to magnetic relaxation of Ueff=1815(1) K. The massive magnetic anisotropy is due to bis‐trans‐disposed tert‐butoxide ligands with weak equatorial pyridine donors, approaching proposed schemes for high‐temperature single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). The blocking temperature, TB , is 14 K, defined by zero‐field‐cooled magnetization experiments, and is the largest for any monometallic complex and equal with the current record for [Tb2N2{N(SiMe3)2}4(THF)2].
Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Robust Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase
Authors: Romero Elvira , Castellanos J. Rubén Gómez , Mattevi Andrea , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) is a promising biocatalyst for industrial reactions owing to its broad substrate spectrum and excellent regio‐, chemo‐, and enantioselectivity. However, the low stability of many Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases is an obstacle for their exploitation in industry. Characterization and crystal structure determination of a robust CHMO from Thermocrispum municipale is reported. The enzyme efficiently converts a variety of aliphatic, aromatic, and cyclic ketones, as well as prochiral sulfides. A compact substrate‐binding cavity explains its preference for small rather than bulky substrates. Small‐scale conversions with either purified enzyme or whole cells demonstrated the remarkable properties of this newly discovered CHMO. The exceptional solvent tolerance and thermostability make the enzyme very attractive for biotechnology.
Living Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers through a Photoinduced Radical Oxidation/Addition/Deactivation Sequence
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa , Yoshikawa Yuji , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new photoinitiating system for living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers is reported. In the current approach, visible‐light irradiation of dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10) in the presence of an alkyl bromide results in the formation of carbon‐centered radicals. The photochemically generated radicals were then oxidized by diphenyliodonium ions to the corresponding cations. These cations can add vinyl ether monomers, which are then rapidly deactivated by the bromide anions to give α‐halide functional end groups. Poly(vinyl ether) chains are then grown through successive photoinduced radical oxidation/addition/deactivation (PROAD) in a controlled manner. The living nature of the system is evaluated through kinetics studies and block copolymer formation.
Algae fiber polypropylene composites: Modeling of the degradation by solid state kinetics
Authors: Constante Alejandra , Pillay Selvum 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTKnowledge of the mechanisms of degradation in natural fiber composites (NFCs) has great importance for the life cycle assessment of the automotive components based on NFCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the solid state kinetic models available to describe the degradation process of algae fiber/grafted polypropylene (AFPPg) composites processed by extrusion compression molding (ECM). Samples of the 0.14 volume fraction (υf) AFPPg composite, algae fiber, and grafted PP were evaluated before and after 576 hours of accelerated UV light weatherization. The weight loss of the specimens was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at six isothermal temperatures, and weight loss data were transformed into the conversion fraction α. Curves of the factor α and time were linearized using MATLAB software to find the parameters of the degradation. The best statistical fit to model the degradation was given by the Avrami–Erofe'ev model. The kinetic parameters of PP grafted after UV exposure were frequency factor (A) of 6.26 min−1 and activation energy E0 of 24 kJ/mol. The effect of degradation was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characteristic bands of the main products of degradation in the composite were identified as pentane and propane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44622.
Human Digital Meissner Corpuscles Display Immunoreactivity for the Multifunctional Ion Channels Trpc6 and Trpv4
Authors: Alonso‐González Paula , Cabo Roberto , San José Isabel , Gago Angel , Suazo Iván C. , García‐Suárez Olivia , Cobo Juan , Vega José A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIon channels are at the basis of the sensory processes including mechanosensing. Some members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel superfamily have been proposed as mechanosensors, but their putative role in mechanotransduction is controversial. Among them there are TRP canonical 6 (TRPC6) and TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channels, which are known to cooperate in mechanical hyperalgesia. Here, we investigated the occurrence, distribution, and possible colocalization of TRPC6 and TRPV4 in human digital Meissner sensory corpuscles using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence (associate with markers for specific corpuscular constituents). TRPC6 immunoreactivity was restricted to the axon of Meissner corpuscles, whereas TRPV4 was detected in the axon but also in the lamellar cells. Moreover, axonal colocalization of TRPV4 and TRPC6 was found in the digital Meissner corpuscles. Present results demonstrate for the first time the occurrence and colocalization of two ion channels candidates to mechanosensors in human cutaneous mechanoreceptors. The functional significance of these ion channels in that place remains to be clarified, but should be related to different properties of mechanosensitivity. Anat Rec, 300:1022–1031, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An untold story: The important contributions of Muslim scholars for the understanding of human anatomy
Authors: Alghamdi Malak A. , Ziermann Janine M. , Diogo Rui 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIt is usually assumed that Galen is one of the fathers of anatomy and that between the Corpus Galenicum and the Renaissance there was no major advance in anatomical knowledge. However, it is also consensually accepted that Muslim scholars had the intellectual leadership from the 8th/9th to 13th centuries, and that they made remarkable progresses in numerous scientific fields including medicine. So, how is it possible that they did not contribute to advance human anatomy during that period? According to the dominant view, Muslim scholars exclusively had a passive role: their transmission of knowledge from the Greeks to the West. Here, we summarize, for the first time in a single paper, the studies of major Muslim scholars that published on human anatomy before Vesalius. This summary is based on analyses of original Arabic texts and of more recent publications by anatomists and historians, and on comparisons between the descriptions provided by Galen and by these Muslim scholars. We show that Arabic speakers and Persians made important advances in human anatomy well before Vesalius. The most notable exception concerns the muscular system: strikingly, there were apparently neither advances made by Muslims nor by Westerners for more than 1000 years. Unbiased discussions of these and other related issues, and particularly of the mainly untold story about the major contributions of Muslim scholars to anatomy, are crucial to our knowledge of the history of anatomy, biology and sciences, and also of our way of thinking, biases, and prejudices. Anat Rec, 300:986–1008, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust MPC for Linear Systems with Structured Time‐Varying Uncertainties and Saturating Actuator
Authors: Zhang Langwen , Xie Wei , Wang Jingcheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a synthesis of model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is presented for uncertain systems subject to structured time‐varying uncertainties and actuator saturation. The system matrices are not exactly known, but are affine functions of a time varying parameter vector. To deal with the nonlinear actuator saturation, a saturated linear feedback control law is expressed into a convex hull of a group of auxiliary linear feedback laws. At each time instant, a state feedback law is designed to ensure the robust stability of the closed‐loop system. The robust MPC controller design problem is formulated into solving a minimization problem of a worst‐case performance index with respect to model uncertainties. The design of controller is then cast into solving a feasibility of linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem. Then, the result is further extended to saturation dependent robust MPC approach by introducing additional variables. A saturation dependent quadratic function is used to reduce the conservatism of controller design. To show the effectiveness, the proposed robust MPC algorithms are applied to a continuous‐time stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process.
Green extraction technologies for high‐value metabolites from algae: a review
Authors: Esquivel‐Hernández Diego A. , Ibarra‐Garza Ingrid P. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez José , Cuéllar‐Bermúdez Sara P. , Rostro‐Alanis Magdalena de J. , Alemán‐Nava Gibrán S. , García‐Pérez J. Saúl , Parra‐Saldívar Roberto 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCultivation of algae (micro and macro) can be used to produce several high‐ value metabolites to supply industries as cosmetics, additives, and pigments, among others. Those metabolites can have physiological and nutritional benefits for human and animal health. However, the availability of high‐value metabolites from algae is still unaffordable due to traditional extraction techniques and their requirements of energy and use of pollutant solvents. Recently, green extraction technologies for the extraction of high‐value metabolites have become more desirable due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. However, the information about green extraction metabolites from algae is limited. Therefore, this review highlights the main green extraction technologies – supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) – and their optimal parameters for the extraction of high‐value metabolites from algae. First, general information is given regarding high‐ value metabolites from algae. Then, the review summarizes the principles, processes, advantages, and disadvantages of each technology. Finally, it presents recommendations and concluding remarks to select the best extraction technology. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Congenital malformations in offspring of women with a history of malignancy
Authors: Sabeti Rad Zahra , Friberg Britt , Henic Emir , Rylander Lars , Ståhl Olof , Källén Bengt , Lingman Göran 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundSurvival after malignancy has increased and the question of risks, including risk for congenital malformations for the offspring of these women has become important. Data on congenital malformations in such offspring are limited.MethodsWe compared congenital malformation in offspring, born 1994 to 2011 of women with a history of malignancy (at least 1 year before delivery) with all other offspring. Adjustment for confounders was mainly made by Mantel‐Haenszel methodology. Data were obtained by linkage between Swedish national health registers.ResultsWe identified 71,954 (4.1%) infants with congenital malformation, of which 47,081 (2.7%) were relatively severe (roughly corresponding to major malformation). Among 7284 infants to women with a history of malignancy 204 relatively severe malformations were found (2.8%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–1.20). After in vitro fertilization, the risk of a relatively severe malformation was significantly increased in women without a history of malignancy (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.24–1.38) and still more in women with such a history (risk ratio = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.08–2.97). However, there were no significant differences neither, for any malformations (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92–1.16) nor for relatively severe malformations (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.91–1.20), when comparing offspring only after maternal history of malignancy.ConclusionNo general increase in malformation rate was found in infants born to women with a history of malignancy. A previously known increased risk after in vitro fertilization was verified and it is possible that this risk is further augmented among infants born of women with a history of malignancy. Birth Defects Research 109:224–233, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topographic separation of fornical fibers associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampus in the human brain: An MRI‐diffusion study
Authors: Christiansen Kat , Metzler‐Baddeley Claudia , Parker Greg D. , Muhlert Nils , Jones Derek K. , Aggleton John P. , Vann Seralynne D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEvidence from rat and nonhuman primate studies indicates that axons comprising the fornix have a characteristic topographical organization: projections from the temporal/anterior hippocampus mainly occupy the lateral fornix, whereas the more medial fornix contains fibers from the septal/posterior hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the same topographical organization exists in the human brain.MethodsUsing high angular resolution diffusion MRI‐based tractography at 3T, subdivisions of the fornix were reconstructed in 40 healthy adults by selecting fiber pathways from either the anterior or the posterior hippocampus.ResultsThe tract reconstructions revealed that anterior hippocampal fibers predominantly comprise the lateral body of the fornix, whereas posterior fibers make up the medial body of the fornix. Quantitative analyses support this medial:lateral distinction in humans, which matches the topographical organization of the fornix in other primates.ConclusionThis novel tractography protocol enables the separation of fornix fibers from anterior and posterior hippocampal regions in the human brain and, hence, provides a means by which to compare functions associated with different sets of connections along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus.
Migration of breast cancer cell lines in response to pulmonary laminin 332
Authors: Carpenter Philip M. , Sivadas Priyanka , Hua Spencer S. , Xiao Cally , Gutierrez Alyssa B. , Ngo Tuan , Gershon Paul D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBecause tumor cell motility is a requirement for metastasis, we hypothesized that lung tissue harbors substances that induce tumor cell migration. MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells exposed to small airway epithelial cells and conditioned medium exhibited dose‐dependent tumor cell migration. Among the extracellular matrix proteins in the conditioned medium identified by mass spectrometry, laminin 332 (LM332) had the greatest contribution to the migration of MCF‐7 cells. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry for LM332‐specific chains identified LM332 in the lung and in pulmonary epithelial cells. Antibodies to either LM332 or its integrin receptor inhibited MCF‐7 motility, and knockdown of LM332 chains also reduced its migration‐inducing activity. Taken together, these findings implicate LM332 as a component of lung tissue that can induce motility in breast carcinoma cells that have been transported to lung during metastasis. Earlier studies on LM332 in tumor progression have examined LM332 expression in tumor cells. This investigation, in comparison, provides evidence that the tumor promoting potential of LM332 may originate in the lung microenvironment rather than in tumor cells alone. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that the motility‐inducing properties of the microenvironment can reside in epithelial cells. The findings raise the possibility that LM332 plays a role in the pulmonary metastases of breast carcinoma and may provide a target for antimetastasis therapy.
Pregnane X receptors regulate CYP2C8 and P‐glycoprotein to impact on the resistance of NSCLC cells to Taxol
Authors: Chen Yan , Huang Wandan , Chen Feiyu , Hu Guoping , Li Fenglei , Li Jianhua , Xuan Aiguo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) is one of the enzymes that primarily participate in producing metabolisms of medications and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) has been regarded as one of the important molecules in chemotherapeutically induced multidrug resistance (MDR). In addition, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) is involved in regulating both CYP2C8 and P‐gp. We aim to research the effect of PXR on Taxol‐resistant non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC cells) via regulating CYP2C8 and P‐gp. NSCLC cells were treated with SR12813, LY335979, or PXR siRNA. Cell counting kit (CCK‐8) assay was used to detect cell vitality. Colony formation assay was used to observe cell proliferation. Western blotting, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to analyze the expressions of PXR, CYP2C8, and P‐gp. Taxol and its metabolic products were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of PXR in A549 cell line was higher than that in other cell lines. The accumulation of PXR was observed in the nucleus after cells were treated with SR12813. Besides, SR12813 induced higher expressions of CYP2C8 and P‐gp proteins. We also discovered that pretreatment with SR12813 reversed the inhibition of cell viability and proliferation after the Taxol treatment in comparison to the SR12813 untreated group. Furthermore, the hydroxylation products of Taxol analyzed by HPLC were increased in comparison to the SR12813 untreated group, indicating that high expressions of CYP2C8 and P‐gp enhanced the resistance of A549 cells to Taxol. For cells treated with PXR siRNA, cell viability, cell proliferation, and Taxol metabolites were significantly reduced after the Taxol treatment in comparison to the siRNA‐negative group. The cell viability, cell proliferation, and Taxol metabolites were regulated by the expressions of PXR, P‐gp, and CYP2C8. That is, PXR expression has an important effect on the resistance of NSCLC cells to Taxol via upregulating P‐gp and CYP2C8.
Getting the Most out of Solar Irradiation: Efficient Use of Polychromatic Light for Water Splitting
Authors: Taştan Ümit , Ziegenbalg Dirk 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo increase the fraction of utilizable polychromatic light, a new reactor concept was developed and manufactured by using rapid prototyping technologies. Investigation of the prototypes revealed enhancements of the photocurrent by up to one order of magnitude, when TiO2 was used as the photoanode in combination with commercially available photovoltaic cells. The reported concept is scalable and an easy transfer to technical scale is expected from a technological as well as an economical perspective. Experimental results underline the conclusion that to achieve efficient overall use of solar irradiation both the material as well as the reactor/process must be considered. Combining these complementary approaches allows largest possible optimization potential. With respect to ongoing research, the concept also breaks ground for the development of catalysts.
Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Silylene Complexes: Reaction of the Silylene [iPrNC(NiPr2)NiPr]2Si with FeBr2, CoBr2, NiBr2⋅MeOCH2CH2OMe, ZnCl2, and ZnBr2
Authors: Baus Johannes A. , Mück Felix M. , Schneider Heidi , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReaction of the donor‐stabilized silylene [iPrNC(NiPr2)NiPr]2Si (1) with FeBr2, CoBr2, NiBr2⋅MeOCH2CH2OMe, ZnCl2, and ZnBr2 afforded the respective transition‐metal silylene complexes 4–8, the formation of which can be described in terms of a Lewis acid/base reaction (4, 5, 7, 8) or a nucleophilic substitution reaction (6). However, the reactivity profile of silylene 1 is not only based on its strong Lewis base character; the different coordination modes of the two guanidinato ligands (4–6 vs. 7 and 8) add an additional reactivity facet. The paramagnetic compounds 4 and 5 and the diamagnetic compounds 6⋅THF, 7, and 8⋅0.5 Et2O were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, compound 6⋅THF was studied by 15N and 29Si solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and 7 and 8 were characterized by NMR spectroscopic studies in the solid state (15N, 29Si) and in solution (1H, 13C, 29Si). Compounds 4–8 represent very rare examples of FeII, CoII, NiII, and ZnII silylene complexes. Four‐coordinate silicon(II) compounds with an SiN3M skeleton (M=Fe, Co, Ni) and M in the formal oxidation state +2 (4–6) have not yet been reported, and five‐coordinate silicon(II) compounds with an SiN4Zn skeleton (7, 8) are also unprecedented.