bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le réseau urbain suisse et sa hiérarchisation d'après les navettes de travailleurs en 1970.
Authors: Balseinte Raymond 
Published: January 2018

The Swiss urban network and its hierarchy from the commuting of workers.
The author makes a comparison between the external recruiting area of the labour in an urban centre to the drainage basin of a river, up-stream a gauging Station recording the hydraulic flow - that is to say the average flow of this river. The author replaces this hydraulic flow by a demographic flow : the total number of the workers coming from the surroundings in comparison to the area of the towns where these labour people are registered gives the density of the average flow of these commutings. So the author calculates the area of the locally recruiting "drainage basin" of the first 100 Swiss towns, making a distinction between the intensive recruiting area, the Helvetian recruiting area and the theoretical foreign recruiting area : Zurich receives nearly 100 000 external workers, Basel and Geneva over 50 000, Bern (40 000), Lausanne 525 000), Lucerne, Baden and Lugano (15 000), Aarau, Biel, Winterthur and Carouge (10 000), etc... Among the first 25 towns (19 with mainly tertiary activities and 6 with mainly secondary activities), 19 have lost inhabitants between december 1970 and January 1980 and 3 others have increased very little this tends to prove the maintenance and even the increasing of these commutings during the years 1971-1980.
Tendances récentes dans la géographie de la population française (vue rétrospective 1954-1975) ; une approche par les migrations.
Authors: Lefebvre Alain 
Published: January 2018

Recent tendancies in french population's geography (retrospective view 1954-1975 ; an approach by migrations).
The economic and demographic growth noticed in France has influenced spatial distribution of population. Between 1954 and 1975 many situations have been upset by the interregional migrations ; but the last corrections seem to be precarious ; for they especially proceed from older working people or retired workers' migrations. The thickly populated urban district's migration balances are no longer, as they were before, correlative to their size and they have much lessened. If the great urban districts are always attractive for young workers, they lose more numerous old citizens. An important residential mobility can be noticed inside urbanized zones, redistribution being profitable to suburbs and last to rural peripheral rings, where towns scatter in space. Population development of unmetropolised or deeply rural spaces appears alarming ; for, in spite of a lessening total negative balance, migrations remain unfavourable for young people and often bring about a high ageing of population, especially in the least thickly populated regions.
Comportement nouveau de la migration interne en Belgique (1963-1976).
Authors: Lestaeghe R. , Bülte R. , Wijewickrema S. 
Published: January 2018

New patterns of internal migration in Belgium - 1963-1976.
As has been observed in several Western industrialized countries, in Belgium too recent patterns of migration indicate a definite shift towards further suburbanization and even counter-urbanization. The amplitude of the shift is revealed here by an analysis of the communal distribution of net migration rates and by comparing such distributions for the period 1973-76 with those for 1963-67. In addition, multiple regression equations indicate that re gressors such as the proportion of the labour force in agriculture, local employment opportunities indices, income level and communal population density are either becoming inadequate predictors of the net-migration rates or have an impact that goes in the opposite direction from what was observed in the I960's . On the other hand, positive net-migration rates are increasingly associated with the availability of a pleasant environment and good access to major roads. An increase in commuting volume follows, which creates specific problems with respect to public transportation, energy consumption and land use...
Le desserrement des activités : vers la mise en place de nouvelles structures péri-urbaines.
Authors: Laborie Jean-Paul , Langumier Jean-François 
Published: January 2018

The out-settlement of industrial activities : towards new peri-urban structures.
The analysis of the out-settlement of industrial activities in peri-urban space shows that firms choose their new location by taking into consideration the sociological characteristics of more suburbs. The rapid expansion of suburbs, linked together with the increase of private home creates an unbounded expansion of urban employment area, which in turn induces breaks : to the separation of residential areas into hierarchised sets corresponds a separation of the employment area into units which represent as many out-settlement areas with potentials of attraction differentiated according to the activity, organization of work, level of skilled worker,... This logical of division of urban space would reconstuate new forms of specific links between residences and employments.
Aspects économiques de l'immigration durant la crise des années trente et durant la crise actuelle.
Authors: Verhaeren Raphaël-Emmanuel 
Published: January 2018

La crise des années trente avait déjà révélé que malgré l'existence d'un chômage important, l'Etat n'était parvenu à réduire le nombre des actifs immigrés que de 19 % environ entre 1931 et 1936. En réalité, le marché du travail était déjà à ce point stratifié que la substitution de nationaux aux immigrés apparaissait pratiquement impossible.
Aujourd'hui, après plus de 10 années d'une nouvelle crise de l'emploi, bien plus étendue que celle des années trente, l'Etat pourtant mieux armé au niveau de la régulation du marché du travail, n'est parvenu qu'à une diminution encore plus faible (environ 10 %) de la population active étrangère. Les explications semblent se trouver dans trois directions au moins :
- les campagnes xénophobes ont sans doute moins de prise sur l'opinion publique que durant la crise précédente,
- les pays d'origine sont davantage en mesure que par le passé de négocier le maintien de leurs ressortissants en France,
- en plus de ses fonctions économiques traditionnelles, l'emploi de la main d'oeuvre immigrée favorise aujourd'hui la restructuration de la production et du capital.
Double marché du travail et immigration face à la crise.
Authors: Singer-Kérel Jeanne , Reynaud Bénédicte 
Published: January 2018

Après avoir situé le débat concernant la stratification du marché du travail dans la période d'après-guerre aux Etats Unis et rappelé les analyses néo-classiques, la première partie est consacrée à la genèse de l'école dualiste, à son essor, à ses variantes et à une estimation de sa contribution.
La nécessité d'une analyse dynamique est confrontée par la seconde partie concernant l'évolution du stock de travailleurs étrangers en France, les changements dans la qualification et dans les diverses activités économiques
durant la période ayant précédé et surtout suivi la crise économique.
Phénomènes de stabilisation migratoire et de restructuration démographique des communautés méditerranéennes en R.F.A.
Authors: Kolodny Émile Yerahmiel 
Published: January 2018

Eversince the recruiting of labour outside the Common Market stopped, the foreign population in the Federal Republic of Germany has reached a number of about 4 000 000 people (6,5 % of the population in 1978). This apparent stabilisation hide a number of substitutive movements of great importance. On the one hand, considerable selective migratory movements (active men havje gone away, women and children have arrived) and a growing tending to naturalization, on the other a high natural increase, which, in spite of gradual decrease of the natality and fertility rate, makes up for most of the migration losses .
These compensating tendencies tend to bring about a rapid restructuration of the foreign population. It particularly affects the majority group of the six principal Mediterranean communities in its distribution by nationalities, the demographic structures and the potential labour force. These phenomena illustrate the process of perpetuity of foreign quotas in a period of economic crisis, in the industrial countries of Western Europe.
Quelques aspects des villes industrielles suédoises
Authors: Pinard Jacques 
Published: January 2018

Most of the Swedish towns have been founded around an ancient industrial activity which has attracted other functions around it, and so has changed a «tätort», or grouped settlement, into an urban area. Three types of industries have mostly been at the origin of the process.
The industries that process the produce of farming, breeding and forests have been at the birth of urban settlements which have very quickly integrated them, as shown by the two examples of Karlstad and Kalmar.
Large-scale mining and the early transformation of ores have required an important labour force who, after the precarious settlements in the wooden huts of the pioneer towns, have obtained decent, and today comfortable, living conditions indispensable in the climate of Norrland that the two mining towns of Malmberget and Kiruna have to bear. The stages in the development of the processing industries - mechanical engineering or others - have gone together with the growth of towns like Finspang or Norrköping.
In all the cases, whether the plants are scattered inside the urban texture or grouped together in old or recent industrial areas, the environmental nuisance has been reduced to a minimum. The organizations for the defence of the environment have been more successful than the planners who tried to control urban expansion ; yet the latter have equipped all the towns with the technical, social and cultural facilities that are indispensable to make life easier in urban areas and to help equalize the ways of life and standards of living, in spite of the wide range of occupations that all these towns contain : it is one of the fundamental features of the Swedish society.
stratégies de localisation des industries dans le «Grand Caire»
Authors: Prouzet Michel 
Published: January 2018

Besides administrative and political contingences, being observed in this study, the strategy for industrial localisation in the Greater Caire area is mostly determined by the following physical factors :
-Basic consumer industries such as clothes, leather and shoes, and wood and furniture are mostly situated within Cairo.
-Basic intermediate industries, such as printing and publishing, basic iron and steel products are located in Helwan and Hassara construction material such as glan in Cairo ; cement, since Nossens era, in Helwan, Tura and Tebbin and metallic industries in Nasr City.
-Basic capital goods industries such as electric and non-electric machi nery, transport equipment such as vehicles, wagons and car assembly are to be found in the south (Wadi Hof).
Stratégie de réindustrialisation d'une grande ville : le cas de Bruxelles
Authors: Mérenne-Schoumaker Bernadette 
Published: January 2018

L'objectif de cet article est de cerner les mutations récentes des industries de la métropole bruxelloise et d'étudier les forces en présence : l'important mouvement d' exurbanisation des activités et la stratégie mise en place depuis peu par l'Agglomération de Bruxelles afin de maintenir ou d'accueillir un secteur industriel rénové.
Bien que spécifique en raison du statut politique de ses sous-espaces, le cas de Bruxelles ne s'avère pas moins très intéressant car il est sans conteste révélateur des nouveaux rapports entre l'industrie et la ville.
Les variations spatiales et temporelles des précipitations au Sahel
Authors: Chamard Ph. , Courel Marie-Françoise 
Published: January 2018

The rainfall variability in time and space is very-high in the sahelian zone , it can occur in the whole West Africa. Dry or wet spells are recurrent phenomena. The drought of 1968 -1982, culminating in 1972 -1973 and once more in 1982 , exceeds all the previous drought episods in magnitude and spatial involvement.
In order to understand climatic change and rainfall variability, the data required concern not merely the state of the atmosphere but the state of the whole climatic system consisting of atmosphere, ocean and land surface
Variations climatiques et fluctuations glaciaires au cours du siècle écoulé
Authors: Martin Serge 
Published: January 2018

A linear regression analysis between annual mass balances of Glacier de Sarennes 1948-75 (Massif des Grandes Rousses, France) and corresponding meteorological data from Lyon-Bron station (precipitation and temperature) has been developed. The faithful regression (77 % of variance explained) is obtained in using :
-total precipitation from october to may,
-total precipitation of june,
-july and august mean monthly maximum temperature.
According to this relation, mass balances of Glacier de Sarennes have been reconstituted since 1882 and they show a 46 m average decrease of the whole surface. There is a good correlation between the annual variations of previously reconstituted values and annual variations of mass balances measured on other alpine glaciers (Mer de Glace, 1969-75, Aletsch Glacier, 1922-75).
Using a series of transverse surface profiles mealace (France) since 1905, it is possible to study the correlation between annual mass balance fluctuation and glacier reactions. The results suggest a very simple model in which the climatic fluctuations produce an uniform variation of the whole glacier surface with an amplification below ice-falls. These local perturbations are then the origin of kinematic waves travelling downith four or more times the surface ice velocity.
Le système des marchés de détail dans le Bassin minier du Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Bondue Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2018

The commercial framework of the mining area of Pas-de-Calais (North of France) is remarkable by the important density of market-places far more numerous there than others in the Region. The conditions and the progressive creations of these markets are analysed in relation with the brutal urbanization induced by the rise of the exclusive coal-industry from the middle of the nineteenth century.
The system now prevailing in this area includes more than five thousand sales outlets per week over about sixty market-places. The commercial structures of stalls and the configuration of the market network reveal the under-tertiarization of the mining area and the deficiency of its urban organization.
The coal recession and the increase of depopulation during these last twenty years lead us to an interrogation upon the future of this market-places system in the mining area. Two parameters seem determinant : the concurrency of modern forms of trade and the commercial planning policies led by the town-councils.
Analyse régionale et observations satellitaires à haute résolution spatiale : l'exemple de la Wallonie
Authors: Wilmet J. 
Published: January 2018

New developments can be expected in the realm of the cartography and regional analysis from the informations of high resolution earth observation satellites.
This improvement of the resolution, however, will not be sufficient in the near future to allow a topographic mapping from spaceborne informations at great to medium scales. But the thematic cartography and the actualization of the topographic maps, as far as the land use is concerned, will be greatly improved by the multitemporal and multispectral capacities of these high resolution devices.
In the field of the regional analysis, these types of sensors will be most efficient in the recognition of landscape patterns ; the size of the pixel, indeed, and the lack of stereoscopy in the past were limiting factors to the textural analysis.
Finally, new important opportunities for the regional planning and reconversion analysis result from the application of high resolution spaceborne information systems.
Le Vimeu industriel : une étude de «pays»
Authors: Baron Guy 
Published: January 2018

L'activité métallurgique du Vimeu s'est maintenue depuis plusieurs siècles en un tissu manufacturier dont les unités sont éparpillées entre de nombreux bourgs et à l'intérieur même des villages, en de nombreux noyaux cloisonnant la structure de l'habitat.
La zone industrielle du Vimeu à Feuquières témoigne de l'extension et de la modernisation de l'industrie du Vimeu. Le plus remarquable est que le Vimeu a pérennisé sa production originelle de serrurerie dont les origines discutées se perdent vers l'aube des Temps Modernes. Autrefois élaborée par de nombreux serruriers paysans, la serrure est aujourd'hui fabriquée dans des établissements performants connus dans toute la France. C'est donc la petite métallurgie du second oeuvre du bâtiment qui domine les activités du Vimeu, avec comme trame de base : la serrurerie-robinetterie (plus de la moitié des 8 000 salariés de la métallurgie). Près de 70% des serrures françaises viennent du Vimeu, 80% des serrures automobiles, 75% de la robinetterie. La production du Vimeu s'est cependant diversifiée comme en témoignent ses fonderies, usines d'accastillage, de quincaillerie diverse, de matières plastiques, de matériel pour bicyclette (dérailleurs), de chauffage en fonte, de Vélux... Ainsi le Vimeu emploie-t-il plus de salariés dans la seule branche de la métallurgie que la capitale régionale, Amiens.
Le Vimeu industriel est, avec la Thiérache, un des territoires de la Picardie que l'on peut encore qualifier de «pays».
Le comportement spatial des industries en Belgique avant et après 1974
Authors: Vandermotten Christian 
Published: January 2018

In the context of the triumphant fordist stage of the capitalist mode of production and of a massive input of transnational capital, Belgium's manufacturing pattern was deeply modified between 1958 and 1974 : big attraction towards non-metropolitan manpower basins and growth of harbour manufacturing, stabilization of manufacturing employment in metropolitan areas, important decreases in the Walloon old industrial areas.
After 1974, in the context of high unemployment and of growing flexibility, manufacturing employment decreases everywhere, but at rates regionally and sectorially differenciated, generally correlated with the before 1974 levels of performance.
Essai d'analyse comparative des politiques de traitement et de reconversion des friches sidérurgiques dans les régions Nord - Pas-de-Calais et Ruhr
Authors: Kohler Dorothée 
Published: January 2018

Uergleichende Analyse der Aufbereitung und Wiedernutzung industrieller Brachflächen im Ruhrgebiet und im Nord - Pas-de-Calais.
Die Umwandlung industrieller Brachflächen führt zu neuen städtebaulichen und regionalen Strukturen im Ruhrgebiet und im Nord -Pas-de-Calais. In Denain wurde die von Usinor abrupt und total verlassene Brachfläche durch Planieren der aufstehenden Gebaüde in einen "Nullzustand" überführt. Der Wert dieser "Umwandlung" wird nun durch spektakuläre "vorher"-"nachher" Vergleiche nachgewissen. Dabei soll der abstossende Vorher-Zustand die Funktionslosigkeit der planierten Fläche legitimieren.
Dieses Ausradieren der Spuren der industriellen Vergangenheit mit der der kollektieve Gedächtnisschwund bewirkt werden soll kann zu weitgehendem Identitätsverlust führen. Bei der Neunutzung des Geländes der Henrichshütte in Hattingen wurden im Gegensatz dazu, vorhandene Strukturen aufgegriffen und zu einer neuen Perspektive für das Leben im dieser Stadt weiterentwickelt.
Los Angeles se remodèle. La conception urbaine américaine est-elle remise en cause ?
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia 
Published: January 2018

The remodelling of Los Angeles : is the American conception of the city questionned ?
Los Angeles (second American city) -which is characterised by a landscape of houses and gardens and by a lack of centrality -has always been studied as a «unique» urban phenomenon. Actually, its demographic growth of the late 19th century and 20th century -which avoided in a sense the urban concentration of the first industrial revolution -was the result of the coming of American migrants from the east and midwest. Therefore, if Los Angeles represents the pure «model» of the American urban ideology, the recent transformations of its morphology (densification of the urban fabric and emergence of a center) seem to question the American conception of the city.
La construction du canal trans-arizonien ou le défi hydraulique de la ceinture du soleil
Authors: Dorel Gérard 
Published: January 2018

The T rans Arizona Canal or the water supply challenge of the sun belt.
After a rapid presentation of the arid climate of the Gila basin, the paper emphasizes the increasing disproportion between water resources and the almost exponential development of agriculture and moreover urbanization ; facing depletion of the fossile ground water supplies, the State of Arizona managed togetfromthe Federal Congress funds for the construction of a canal carrying water from the Colorado River to Phoenix and Tucson. It is the Trans Arizona Canal (536km) which has been partially built in 1985. It will divert each year 1,8 Billion m3 of water when completed, that is the totality of the State rights over the Colorado River, when added to the water already used.
Rivalité inter-urbaine et aménagement touristique.
Authors: Bramwell Bill 
Published: January 2018

Inter-urban rivalry and tourism planning.
There are few published assessments of tourism planning in industrial cities. This paper considers the achievements and limitations to tourism planning in Sheffield. Evaluation is made of the political commitment to tourism, the relative importance of strategic planning for tourism and the problems of the tourism product mix in the city. Sheffield's tourism planning is related to the increasing competition and rivalry between industrial cities.
Frontière et santé
Authors: Lacoste Olivier , Vaguet A. 
Published: January 2018

Cet article tente de délimiter un cadre pour stimuler l'étude des effets frontière en matière sanitaire. Le plus souvent, l'effet barrière se révèle le plus commun avec en contre partie la volonté marquée d'ignorer ce qui existe outre-frontière. Parfois des gradients de développement très importants de part et d'autre d'une limite nationale peuvent créer des flux de patients attentifs au bénéfice qu'ils peuvent tirer de telles situations.
En Europe, alors que l'offre de soins sans être harmonisée montre peu de grandes nuances, les réglementations nationales issues de systèmes de santé basés sur deux conceptions idéologiques différentes, limitent les expériences de complémentarité transfrontalière qui s'organisent parfois spontanément.
Le centre du Viêt Nam : un champ d'action pour la coopération décentralisée
Authors: Cosaert Patrice 
Published: January 2018

Given the absence of any official régionalisation of Vietnam, there is no central region that could encompass the two provinces of Thua Thien-Hue and Quang Nam-Danang within any administrative entity. However, both these provinces show common physical and human features : both are characterised by the importance of their rural environment as well as their low level of industrialisation, both are confronted with the extremely low standard of living of most of their population... Obviously complementary under various angles, they offer great scope for synergies that definitely deserve to be explored and expended. Any regional development or reorganisation scheme, whether national or local, will have to take advantage of those facts.
Despite their limited means, but in their own caring spirit of solidarity, French local authorities, the lynchpins of decentralised cooperation, are in a position to bring a meaningful contribution to this field which will be open for a short time yet.