bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Malignant Pilomatrixoma in an 8-Year-Old Girl Misdiagnosed as a Recurrent Pilomatrixoma
Authors: Otero Mario N. , Trujillo Carolina P. , Parra-Medina Rafael , Morales Samuel D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Malignant pilomatrixoma or pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive malignant neoplasm, derived from the hair follicle with a high propensity for local recurrence. Only a few cases of metastatic pilomatrixoma have been described in the literature. Till date, only 17 cases have been reported in the English-language medical literature, most commonly occurring associated with local recurrence in adults. We report the first case in children of a metastatic malignant pilomatrixoma in an 8-year-old girl presenting with a recurrent pilomatrix carcinoma of the forehead with metastases in cervical and parotid lymph nodes.
Dopaminergic contributions to working memory-related brain activation in postmenopausal women
Authors: Dumas Julie A. , Filippi Christopher G. , Newhouse Paul A. , Naylor Magdalena R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The current study examined the effects of pharmacologic dopaminergic manipulations on working memory-related brain activation in postmenopausal women to further understand the neurochemistry underlying cognition after menopause.

Methods:
Eighteen healthy postmenopausal women, mean age 55.21 years, completed three study days with dopaminergic drug challenges during which they performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging visual verbal N-back test of working memory. Acute stimulation with 1.25 mg oral D2 agonist bromocriptine, acute blockade with 1.5 mg oral haloperidol, and matching placebo were administered randomly and blindly on three study days.

Results:
We found that dopaminergic stimulation increased activation primarily in the posterior regions of the working memory network compared with dopaminergic blockade using a whole brain cluster-level corrected analysis. The dopaminergic medications did not affect working memory performance.

Conclusions:
Patterns of increased blood-oxygen-level dependent signal activation after dopaminergic stimulation were found in this study in posterior brain regions with no effect on working memory performance. Further studies should examine specific dopaminergic contributions to brain functioning in healthy postmenopausal women to determine the effects of the increased brain activation on cognition and behavior.
Relationship between equol producer status and metabolic parameters in 743 Japanese women: equol producer status is associated with antiatherosclerotic conditions in women around menopause and early postmenopause
Authors: Yoshikata Remi , Myint Khin Z. , Ohta Hiroaki 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Equol, an active metabolite possessing estrogen-like activity, is produced by the action of intestinal flora on soy isoflavones. There is an increasing evidence regarding its efficacy in the relief of menopausal symptoms, suppression of decreased bone mineral density, and lipid profile improvement. Only those with equol-producing capacity, however, seem to benefit. Thus, we examined the relationship between equol producer status and parameters associated with lifestyle-related diseases in women from their 20s to 80s.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 743 women (21-89 y; average age: 52.5 ± 11.8 y) who have undergone health screening at Tokyo Midtown Medical Center and given consent to participate in the study. The relationship between equol producer status and metabolic parameters was assessed.

Results:
In our study, 236 women (32%) were equol producers. Equol producers had significantly lower triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with nonproducers. Equol-producing women in their 50s showed significantly lower body fat level, visceral fat area, triglyceride levels, pulse wave velocity, uric acid levels, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. In addition, women in their 60s showed significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In multivariate logistic regression, for women in their 50s, equol production was significantly associated with lower arterial stiffness and uric acid levels, and a high ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid, whereas it was significantly associated with lower urinary N-telopeptides in their 60s.

Conclusions:
Equol producer status was associated with favorable metabolic parameters, in women in the early phase postmenopause, with the transitional periods noted with declining intrinsic estrogen levels.
Impact of Home- and Hospital-Based Exercise in Cardiac Rehabilitation on Hopelessness in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Dunn Susan L. , Dunn L. Maureen , Rieth Nicole P. , Olamijulo Grace B. , Swieringa Lien L. , Holden Theresa P. , Clark Jacob A. , DeVon Holli A. , Tintle Nathan L. 
Published: September 2016

PURPOSE:
Hopelessness is associated with increased adverse events and decreased survival in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of regular home- and hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise on hopelessness levels in patients with CHD, hypothesizing that increased exercise in either setting would lead to decreased state hopelessness.

METHODS:
A descriptive longitudinal design was used at a large teaching hospital in Michigan. A total of 324 patients provided data during hospitalization and at least 1 followup time point (3, 8, and 12 months).

RESULTS:
The patients had persistent, modest levels of state and trait hopelessness across all time points. Among home exercisers with moderate to severe state hopelessness at baseline, both mean state (P = .002) and trait (P = .02) hopelessness were reduced at later time points compared with those who quit or did not start exercise. Multivariable models showed that when individuals had moderate to severe baseline state hopelessness, home exercise remained associated with decreases in state hopelessness compared with no exercise, even after adjusting for hospital exercise, depression, and demographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS:
Exercise may be effective in reducing moderate to severe hopelessness in patients with CHD. Moderate to severe baseline state hopelessness was a predictor of attrition in this cohort, especially for home exercisers, but this was mediated in hospital-based programs. Further research is needed to determine how hopeless individuals can be encouraged to exercise and whether home- or a hospital-based CR exercise is superior in impacting hopelessness.
A rodent model of HIV protease inhibitor indinavir induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Huang Wenlong , Calvo Margarita , Pheby Tim , Bennett David L.H. , Rice Andrew S.C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is the most frequent manifestation of HIV disease. It often presents with significant neuropathic pain and is associated with previous exposure to neurotoxic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. However, HIV-SN prevalence remains high even in resource-rich settings where these drugs are no longer used. Previous evidence suggests that exposure to indinavir, a protease inhibitor commonly used in antiretroviral therapy, may link to elevated HIV-SN risk. Here, we investigated whether indinavir treatment was associated with the development of a “dying back” axonal neuropathy and changes in pain-relevant limb withdrawal and thigmotactic behaviours. After 2 intravenous injections of indinavir (50 mg/kg, 4 days apart), adult rats developed hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity, which peaked around 2 weeks post first injection (44% reduction from baseline). At this time, animals also had (1) significantly changed thigmotactic behaviour (62% reduction in central zone entries) comparing with the controls and (2) a significant reduction (45%) in hind paw intraepidermal nerve fibre density. Treatment with gabapentin, but not amitriptyline, was associated with a complete attenuation of hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity observed with indinavir treatment. Furthermore, we found a small but significant increase in microglia with the effector morphology in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn in indinavir-treated animals, coupled with significantly increased expression of phospho-p38 in microglia. In summary, we have reported neuropathic pain-related sensory and behavioural changes accompanied by a significant loss of hind paw skin sensory innervation in a rat model of indinavir-induced peripheral neuropathy that is suitable for further pathophysiological investigation and preclinical evaluation of novel analgesics.
Impact of caffeine in hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Thongprayoon Charat , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: September 2016

Background/objectives
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis. Several studies have linked caffeine consumption to a lower degree of liver fibrosis and inflammation among patients with chronic HCV infection, but the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was carried out with the aim of assessing the impact of caffeine consumption among HCV-infected patients.

Participants and methods
A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to January 2016. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios, or hazard ratios comparing the risk of advanced liver fibrosis or the risk of moderate to severe liver inflammation among HCV-infected patients who consumed caffeine on a regular basis versus those who did not were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse-variance method.

Results
Five studies were included in the fibrosis analysis. The pooled OR of advanced liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients who consumed caffeine on a regular basis versus those who did not was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.30–0.76, I
2=52%). Three studies were included in the inflammation analysis. The pooled OR of moderate to severe histologic inflammation among HCV-infected patients who consumed caffeine on a regular basis versus those who did not was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.35–1.04, I
2=43%).

Conclusion
Our study showed a decreased risk of advanced liver fibrosis and liver inflammation among HCV-infected patients who consumed caffeine on a regular basis. Whether consumption of caffeine plays a role in the management of HCV infection requires further investigations.
Regulation of eosinophil development and survival
Authors: Willebrand Ralf , Voehringer David 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes generally associated with type 2 immune responses. They can contribute to protection against helminths but also mediate pro-inflammatory functions during allergic immune responses. Only recently, eosinophils were also found to exert many other functions such as regulation of glucose and fat metabolism, thermogenesis, survival of plasma cells, and antitumor activity. The mechanisms that control eosinophil development and survival are only partially understood.

Recent findings
Here we review new findings regarding the role of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors for eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis. Several reports provide new insights in the regulation of eosinophil development by transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic modifications. Danger signals like lipopolysaccharide or alarmins can activate eosinophils but also prolong their lifespan. We further reflect on the observations that eosinophil development is tightly controlled by the unfolded protein stress response and formation of cytoplasmic granules.

Summary
Eosinophils emerge as important regulators of diverse biological processes. Their differentiation and survival is tightly regulated by factors that are still poorly understood. Newly identified pathways involved in eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis may lead to development of new therapeutic options for treatment of eosinophil-associated diseases.
Clinical trials with cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors
Authors: Di Bartolo Belinda A. , Duong MyNgan , Nicholls Stephen J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has received considerable interest by virtue of its favorable effects on atherogenic and protective lipid parameters. The impact of CETP inhibitors in large clinical outcome trials will be reviewed.

Recent findings
Population and genetic studies demonstrate that low CETP activity associates with lower rates of cardiovascular events. Inhibiting CETP activity in animal models has a favorable impact on experimental atherosclerosis. Although the first CETP inhibitor to advance to an outcome trial proved to have adverse clinical effects and the next agent, a more modest inhibitor, was clinically futile, there continues to be immense interest in the potential to develop nontoxic, potent CETP inhibitors to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Summary
The current status of CETP inhibitors in the context of large outcomes trials will be reviewed.
Human microbiome as therapeutic intervention target to reduce cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Koopen Annefleur M. , Groen Albert K. , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
The absolute burden of cardiovascular risk remains high despite currently available preventive and therapeutic options. In search for novel therapeutic leads, mounting evidence has linked the gut microbiota as well as their metabolites to the development of cardiometabolic diseases.

Recent findings
The intestinal microbiota influences the host via different metabolic pathways as inducer of endotoxemia, formation of trimethylamine-N-oxide, production of short chain fatty acids, and is a regulator in intestinal bile acid metabolism. Disruption of the gut microbiome may disturb the homeostasis of the microbial ecosystem to an alternative stable state associated with pathophysiological traits in microbiota and host. However, causality has not been shown yet.

Summary
We are just beginning to understand how the gut microbiota influence our cardiometabolic health and various innovative therapeutic options are in the developing (preclinical) phase. This review focuses on the current evidence whether and to what extent the intestinal microbiota are involved in cardiovascular disease and whether this is based on merely association or causal relations.
The Etiology and Clinical Course of Chronic Pancreatitis in Children With Early Onset of the Disease
Authors: Wejnarska Karolina , Kolodziejczyk Elwira , Wertheim‐Tysarowska Katarzyna , Dadalski Maciej , Sobczynska‐Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Kierkus Jarosław , Bal Jerzy , Rygiel Agnieszka Magdalena , Oracz Grzegorz 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The etiological factors of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children differ from those in adults. To date, no study has assessed the clinical course of CP in young children. The aim of our study was to evaluate the etiology and the clinical presentation of the disease in children with disease onset before 5 years of age in comparison to later‐onset of CP.Methods:A total of 276 children with CP, hospitalized from 1988 to 2015, were enrolled in the study. Data on presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment were reviewed. Two hundred sixty patients were screened for the most frequent mutations in major pancreatitis‐associated genes, such as cationic trypsinogen/serine protease gene (PRSS1), serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 gene (SPINK1), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR).Results:The disease onset before the age of 5 years occurred in 51 patients (group 1), the later onset in 225 patients (group 2). We found no significant discrepancies in distribution of the etiological factors between groups. The youngest patients (group 1) had more pancreatitis episodes (median 5.0 vs 3.00; P < 0.05) and underwent surgeries more frequently (25.5% vs 8.9%; P < 0.05). It could be associated with significantly longer follow‐up in early onset group (median 6 vs 4 years; P < 0.05). There were no differences in nutritional status or exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function.Conclusions:Early‐ and later‐onset pancreatitis have similar etiological factors with predominance of gene mutations. The most frequent mutation found was p.Asn34Ser (N34S) in SPINK1 gene. The clinical presentation differed in number of pancreatitis episodes and frequency of surgeries.
Skin diseases and sexually transmitted infection in a Hungarian prison
Authors: Vanya Melinda , Szili Karoly , Magori Krisztina , Krisztina Vas 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the skin diseases, dermatological conditions, and sexually transmitted infections among male prisoners.

Materials and methods:
The medical data of 1800 inmates were analysed and a local sero-biological survey was performed in 2014. Moreover, after informed consent, dried blood spots were collected to identify recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infections in case of homosexuality and intravenous drug use.

Results:
Prisoners (n = 1800) were included in this study and 200 inmates with high risk of sexually transmitted disorder (STD) participated in serological tests. The most common dermatological diseases and STDs were atopic dermatitis (n = 70), scabies (n = 42), allergic reactions after insect bites (bedbug, mosquito, fly, and wasp) (n = 39), fungal infections (n = 1), psoriasis vulgaris (n = 10), eczema herpeticum (n = 1), erysipelas (n = 2), vasculitis (n = 1), and HCV (n = 2), whereas there were not found any HIV or gonococcal infections. Six HCV infections and zero HIV infections were determined in the study period.

Conclusion:
The present study shows a relatively high prevalence of infectious or atopic dermatitis among these populations.
Evaluating the Performance of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Parvathaneni Kaushik , Belani Sanjay , Leung Dennis , Newth Christopher J. L. , Khemani Robinder G. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference has developed a pediatric-specific definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a significant departure from both the Berlin and American European Consensus Conference definitions. We sought to test the external validity and potential impact of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference definition by comparing the number of cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality rates among children admitted to a multidisciplinary PICU when classified by Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference, Berlin, and American European Consensus Conference criteria.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary care, university-affiliated PICU.

Patients:
All patients admitted between March 2009 and April 2013 who met inclusion criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 4,764 patients admitted to the ICU, 278 (5.8%) met Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria with a mortality rate of 22.7%. One hundred forty-three (32.2% mortality) met Berlin criteria, and 134 (30.6% mortality) met American European Consensus Conference criteria. All patients who met American European Consensus Conference criteria and 141 (98.6%) patients who met Berlin criteria also met Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria. The 137 patients who met Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference but not Berlin criteria had an overall mortality rate of 13.1%, but 29 had severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with 31.0% mortality. At acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, there was minimal difference in mortality between mild or moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome by both Berlin (32.4% vs 25.0%, respectively) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (16.7% vs 18.6%, respectively) criteria, but higher mortality for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (Berlin, 43.6%; Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference, 37.0%). Twenty-four hours after acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, the presence of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (using either Berlin or Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference) was associated with nearly 50% mortality.

Conclusions:
Applying the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome has the potential to significantly increase the number of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients identified, with a lower overall mortality rate. However, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with extremely high mortality, particularly if present at 24 hours after initial diagnosis.
Brief Report: Switching to Tenofovir Alafenamide, Coformulated With Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, and Emtricitabine, in HIV-Infected Adults With Renal Impairment: 96-Week Results From a Single-Arm, Multicenter, Open-Label Phase 3 Study
Authors: Post Frank A. , Tebas Pablo , Clarke Amanda , Cotte Laurent , Short William R. , Abram Michael E. , Jiang Shuping , Cheng Andrew , Das Moupali , Fordyce Marshall W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is associated with renal and bone toxicity. In a single-arm, open-label study of 242 virologically suppressed, HIV-infected participants with creatinine clearance 30–69 mL/min who switched to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, participants had stable creatinine clearance, significant and durable improvements in proteinuria, albuminuria, and tubular proteinuria (P < 0.001), and significant increases in hip and spine bone mineral density through 96 weeks (P < 0.001). Eighty-eight percent maintained HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL at week 96. These longer-term results support the use of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV-infected individuals with mild-moderately impaired renal function.