bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries with commercially available electrolytes: A feasibility review
Authors: Götz Rainer , Streng Raphael , Sterzinger Johannes , Steeger Tim , Kaye Matti M. , Vitort Maksym , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) concept promises increases in energy density and safety; consequently recent research has focused on optimizing each component of an ideal fully solid battery. However, by doing so, one can also lose oversight of how significantly the individual components impact key parameters. Although this review presents a variety of materials, the included studies limit electrolyte‐separator choices to those that are either fully commercial or whose ingredients are readily available; their thicknesses are predefined by the manufacturer or the studies in which they are included. However, we nevertheless discuss both electrode materials. Apart from typical materials, the list of anode materials includes energy‐dense candidates, such as lithium metal, or anode‐free approaches that are already used in Li‐ion batteries. The cathode composition of an ASSB contains a fraction of the solid electrolyte, in addition to the active material and binders/plasticizers, to improve ionic conductivity. Apart from the general screening of reported composites, promising composite cathodes together with constant‐thickness separators and metallic lithium anodes are the basis for studying theoretically achievable gravimetric energy densities. The results suggest that procurable oxide electrolytes in the forms of thick pellets (>300 μm) are unable to surpass the performance of already commercially available Li‐ion batteries. All‐solid‐state cells are already capable of exceeding the performance of current batteries with energy densities of 250 Wh kg−1 by pairing composite cathodes with high mass loadings and using separators that are less than 150 μm thick, with even thinner electrolytes (20 μm) delivering more than 350 Wh kg−1.image
Diagnosis of Lung Abscess and Pancreatic Collection Using Transesophageal and Transgastric Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in a Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Cheong Issac 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEffectively managing critically ill septic patients requires careful utilization of imaging techniques. While point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is invaluable in the ICU, it faces challenges with conventional transcutaneous ultrasound, especially in obese patients. A 22‐year‐old obese female presented with abdominal pain and renal dysfunction. Abdominal CT confirmed acute biliary pancreatitis, progressing to respiratory failure. Transesophageal and transgastric ultrasound revealed a pulmonary abscess and peripancreatic collection. Expectant management of the lung abscess and percutaneous drainage of the pancreatic collection led to successful recovery. This case highlights POCUS's pivotal role in timely diagnosis, particularly in severe pancreatitis, showcasing its versatility in critical care.
Sexual Dimorphism and Divergent Evolutionary Pathways in Primate Cranial Biomechanics: Insights From a Theoretical Morphology Framework
Authors: Tseng Z. Jack , Terhune Claire E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe mammalian order Primates is known for widespread sexual dimorphism in size and phenotype. Despite repeated speculation that primate sexual size dimorphism either facilitates or is in part driven by functional differences in how males and females interact with their environments, few studies have directly assessed the influence of sexual dimorphism on performance traits. Here, we use a theoretical morphology framework to show that sexual dimorphism in primate crania is associated with divergent biomechanical performance traits. The degree of dimorphism is a significant covariate in biomechanical trait divergence between sexes. Males exhibit less efficient but stiffer cranial shapes and significant evolutionary allometry in biomechanical performance, whereas females maintain performance stability across their size spectrum. Evolutionary rates are elevated for efficiency in females whereas males emphasize size‐dependent cranial stiffness. These findings support a hypothesis of sex‐linked bifurcation in masticatory system performance: larger male crania and faster size evolution partially compensate for low efficiency and reflect a de‐emphasis of mechanical leverage, whereas female crania maintain higher mechanical efficiency overall and evolve more rapidly in molar‐based masticatory performance. The evolutionary checks‐and‐balances between size dimorphism and cranial mechanical performance may be a more important driver of primate phenotypic evolution than has been hitherto appreciated.
Secretory Cells in Halla parthenopeia (Oenonidae): Potential Implications for the Feeding and Defence Strategies of a Carnivorous Burrowing Polychaete
Authors: Ferri Anita , Costa Pedro M. , Simonini Roberto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCarnivorous polychaetes are known to bear diversified and often unique anatomical and behavioural adaptations for predation and defence. Halla parthenopeia, a species known to be a specialized predator of clams, thrives in the soft bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea, holding potential for polyculture and biotechnology due to the secretion of bioactive compounds. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive description of H. parthenopeia's anatomy and microanatomy, shedding light on the relation between morphology and habitat, chemical defences, and feeding behaviour. The pharynx, housing maxillae and mandibles connected to an extensive mucus gland, occupies a considerable portion of the worm's length, reaching beyond the oesophagus. This unique gland is responsible for secreting the feeding mucus, which immobilizes and aids in the digestion of clams probably acting as a vehicle of bioactive compounds synthesized by specialized serous cells in the mouth. Moreover, H. parthenopeia combines behavioural tactics, such as burrowing, and anatomical defences to evade predators. Examination of its epidermis revealed a thick cuticle layer and abundant mucocytes secreting locomotion mucus, both of which save the worm from mechanical harm during movement. When it is preyed upon, the worm can release a substantial amount of Hallachrome, a toxic anthraquinone produced by specific cells in its distal region. This pigment, with its known antimicrobial properties, likely acts as a chemical shield in case of injury. The results suggest that the ability of H. parthenopeia to prey on bivalves and to provide mechanical protection plus defence against pathogens rely on its ability to secrete distinct types of mucus. The interplay between highly specialized microanatomical features and complex behaviours underscores its adaptation as a predator in marine benthic environments.
Comparison of short‐read and long‐read next‐generation sequencing technologies for determining HIV‐1 drug resistance
Authors: Vellas Camille , Doudou Amira , Mohamed Sofiane , Raymond Stéphanie , Jeanne Nicolas , Latour Justine , Demmou Sofia , Ranger Noémie , Gonzalez Dimitri , Delobel Pierre , Izopet Jacques 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate HIV‐1 genome sequencing is necessary to identify drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in people with HIV‐1 (PWH). Next‐generation‐sequencing (NGS) allows the detection of minor variants and is now available in many laboratories. Our study aimed to compare two NGS approaches, a “short read” sequencing protocol using DeepChek® Whole Genome HIV‐1 Assay on Illumina, and a “long read” sequencing protocol of HIV‐1 pol and env single‐molecule real‐time sequencing (SMRT) on Pacific Biosciences (PacBio). We analyzed 16 plasma samples and 13 cellular samples from PWH. HIV‐1 whole genome was amplified into five amplicons using DeepChek® Whole Genome HIV‐1 Assay and sequenced on an iSeq. 100. In parallel, HIV‐1 pol and env genes were separately amplified and sequenced using PacBio SMRT system with the circular consensus sequencing mode on a Sequel IIe. Concordance rates for determining DRMs with both approaches varied depending on the HIV‐1 region, with higher concordance in the integrase region compared to the reverse transcriptase and protease regions. DeepChek® Whole Genome HIV‐1 Assay exhibited better sensitivity in HIV‐1 RNA sequencing of plasmas with lower viral loads. In cell HIV‐1 DNA sequencing, the DeepChek® Whole Genome HIV‐1 Assay performed better in pol and env sequencing but detected more APOBEC‐induced DRMs, which can represent defective proviruses. Our findings indicate that both DeepChek® Whole Genome HIV‐1 Assay and PacBio SMRT sequencing exhibit good performance for subtype determination, detection, and quantification of DRMs of the HIV‐1 genome. However, some discrepancies were found in cellular samples, highlighting the challenges of interpreting HIV‐1 DNA DRMs.
Sexual transmission of HTLV‐1 resulting in uveitis with short‐term latency and low proviral load
Authors: Kamoi Koju , Uchimaru Kaoru , Nannya Yasuhito , Tojo Arinobu , Watanabe Toshiki , Ohno‐Matsui Kyoko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman T‐cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) is traditionally linked to severe conditions such as adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy, and HTLV‐1 uveitis, with vertical transmission, particularly mother to child thorough breastfeeding, considered the primary route. Despite efforts to reduce vertical transmission through antenatal screening in Japan, horizontal transmission has contributed to the rising prevalence of HTLV‐1 in metropolitan areas. This case reports the youngest documented instance of HTLV‐1 uveitis resulting from horizontal transmission through sexual contact in an 18‐year‐old woman. The patient presented with blurred vision in her right eye, and a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination identified vitreous opacity and retinal vasculitis. Serological tests confirmed HTLV‐1 infection, with a proviral load of 2.66 copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, measured by real‐time PCR. A differential diagnosis confirmed HTLV‐1 uveitis. Further family and partner investigations confirmed horizontal transmission, most likely through sexual contact. Over 6 years of follow‐up, the patient experienced multiple recurrences of HTLV‐1 uveitis and developed HTLV‐1‐associated keratopathy. This case highlights the potential for rapid disease progression with relatively low proviral loads and short latency, emphasizing the need for updated public health strategies for sexually active young populations.
High rates of hepatic involvement associated with new epidemic measles strains in Romania
Authors: Niculae Cristian‐Mihail , Matoru Raluca‐Mihaela , Brîndușe Oana , Ioniță Andrei‐Valentin , Gorea Maria‐Evelina , Țîrlescu Laura‐Georgiana , Constantin Rareș‐Alexandru , Moroti Ruxandra , Hristea Adriana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSimilar to other European countries, a measles epidemic dominated by D8 genotype strains is ongoing since 2022 in our country. Recent reports of liver involvement associated with new measles virus (MeV) strains are scarce. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical characteristics between hospitalized patients with measles from the current epidemic and those from the previous outbreak and to analyze the risk factors associated with hepatic involvement. Data were collected retrospectively for all consecutive adult ( ≥18 years old) patients admitted between October 2022–April 2024 and January 2018–December 2019. A number of 228 patients from the current and 130 from the previous MeV epidemic were included. The main statistically significant differences were those regarding hepatic involvement (77.2% vs. 45.4%, p < 0.001) and significant hepatocellular injury (23.6% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.003). Compared to cases without liver involvement (123), patients with hepatocytolysis (235) had a higher prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis (42.5% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.01), thrombocytopenia (47.6% vs. 34.9%, p = 0.02), severe lymphopenia (51% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.007) and high fibrinogen levels (58.7% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.04). MeV strains from the 2022–2024 epidemic were the strongest predictors of hepatic involvement in the multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% confidence interval: 2.5–7.4, p < 0.001). The mortality rate of patients with hepatocellular injury was 1.2%. The current measles epidemic is dominated by high rates of hepatic involvement compared to the previous outbreak. Although not associated with a significant mortality, the potential change in MeV hepatotropism could have important clinical implications and warrants further monitoring.
Surgical Approach and Length of Stay in Octogenarians Undergoing Pancreatic Resection for Malignancy
Authors: Leonard Grey , Solsky Ian , Clark Clancy , Shen Perry 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPancreatic surgery often has a lengthy recovery in the elderly. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can decrease length of stay (LOS), but it is unknown if this benefit applies to octogenarians (Age > 79).MethodsThe NSQIP database was used to determine if MIS approaches were associated with reduced LOS among octogenarians undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) or distal pancreatectomy (Distal). Operative approaches were classified as “Open” or “MIS” and propensity score (PS) matching was performed.ResultsFor the Whipple, 1665 Open and 101 MIS procedures occurred (median LOS 9, 8 days, p = 0.584). For Distal, 472 Open and 223 MIS procedures occurred (median LOS 6, 5 days, p < 0.01). After PS matching, there were 202 Whipple (101 per group) and 446 Distal (223 per group) patients. There was no difference in LOS by approach in the Whipple group (p = 0.546). The median LOS was 9 (IQR 7–15), Open and 8 (IQR 6–13), MIS. For Distal, there was a difference in LOS in the Open versus MIS approach (p < 0.01) and the median LOS was 6 (IQR 5–8) and 5 (IQR 4–6).ConclusionsAmong octogenarians the MIS approach was associated with decreased LOS in distal pancreatectomies, but not in pancreaticoduodenectomies.
The landscape of Functional Outcome Measures Used in Patients with Bone Sarcoma of the Lower Extremity or Pelvis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tigelaar Leonie G. , Blom Kiki J. , Bekkering Willem P. , Bramer Jos A. M. , Schreuder Hendrik W. B. , Furtado Sherron , Gerrand Craig H. , Palmerini Emanuela , Gaspar Nathalie , Strauss Sandra J. , Van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Merks Johannes H. M. , Haveman Lianne M. ,   FOSTER Consortium and the EuroEwing Consortium
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis systematic review provides a structured overview of the measurement instruments of functional outcome used in lower extremity and pelvic bone sarcoma patients. We identified 42 unique instruments covering 18 distinct functional outcome constructs with most studies measuring constructs within the activity domain of the International Classification of Functioning, disability, and health. The MusculoSkeletal Tumor Society 1993 and 1987 score, Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, and range of motion instruments were the measurement instruments most commonly used.
Frailty and Malnutrition in Surgical Outcomes of Elderly Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Hanssen Diego , Champion Nicholas , Ngo Jillian , Palfi Stefanie , Whiting Junmin , Sun Weihong , Laronga Christine , Sam Christine , Lee Marie C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe evaluate the impact of frailty and malnutrition on breast cancer surgery outcomes in older adults using the ACS 5‐factor modified frailty index (MFI) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) definition.MethodsSingle institution retrospective review of a prospective database of the older adult (>60 years old) breast cancer surgery patients (2000–2016); cases stratified into groups as per MFI (0–2) and GLIM. Characteristics, 90‐day post‐op events, and 5‐year follow‐up data were analyzed to report survival and complication outcomes.ResultsAmong 436 patients at diagnosis, 213 (48.9%) were >80 years old. 377 (86.5%) were alive at 5 years. 274 (62.8%) had MFI > 0, and 69 (15.8%) had malnutrition. Patients ≥ 80, MFI > 0, and PR‐negative tumors had worse 5‐year survival. There was no survival difference in patients >80 with/without malnutrition (HR = 1.01, p = 0.971), and there was no difference in mastectomy or lumpectomy (p = 0.560) between patients ≥ 80 or patients younger than 80; however, 94% of immediate reconstruction were in pts < 80. On multivariate regression, complications were associated with age < 80, readmission, MFI > 0, and history of HTN; serious complications were associated with age < 80, readmission, anticoagulation, and not receiving endocrine therapy.ConclusionMFI showed a significant predictive value for 5‐year survival for patients ≥ 80 and should be part of the preoperative evaluation.
The Usefulness of Portable Echo in the Preoperative Mapping of Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
Authors: Okura Mayuko , Suzuki Yushi , Nakamura Yukie , Uehira Mai , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a pocket‐sized ultrasound device in preoperative planning for lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) to enhance lymphedema treatment outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients who underwent LVA for secondary upper extremity lymphedema between June 2020 and August 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: the ultrasound group, which used a pocket‐sized device (Vscan Air), for preoperative vein identification, and a control group that did not. Preoperative lymphatic mapping was performed using indocyanine green lymphography, and suitable veins for anastomosis were identified using ultrasound. Upper extremity lymphedema index and incision length were compared.ResultsParticipants in the ultrasound group had a shorter average incision length (2.85 ± 0.48 cm) than those in the control group (3.23 ± 0.78 cm, p = 0.038), indicating a more targeted and minimally invasive approach. Although volume reduction rates were not significantly different, the pocket ultrasound device facilitated more precise vein selection, enhancing surgical planning.ConclusionPocket‐sized ultrasound devices provide a cost‐effective and practical solution for vein identification during LVA, particularly in resource‐limited settings. While high‐frequency ultrasound offers superior resolution, portable devices could become standard tools for lymphatic surgery with continued technological advancement.
Determinants Encouraging Tourists to Use Public Transport in Their Vacation Destination
Authors: Bausch Thomas , Peluso Alessandro M. , Bursa Bartosz , Mailer Markus , Amegah Mercy Lorlonyo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTImplementing the concept of sustainability in tourism needs a significant reduction of vacationists' ecological footprint at destination level. A key aspect there is tourists' travel mode choice on‐site. Based on an online‐panel based survey in Italy and Germany and applying ordinal regression, this study analyzes for the destination South Tyrol, the impact of five blocks of potential factors on public transportation (PT) usage during a vacation: sociodemographics, everyday mobility at residence, attitudes toward climate change and environment, preferences for cars, and PT services at the destination, including the availability of a guest card for free PT use. The results of an ordinal regression analysis show that the availability of a guest card and the level of daily use of PT at home significantly increase PT usage. This is countered by daily use of the car at home and a positive affinity toward cars, having a negative effect on PT use.
Seasonal Evolution of Soil Respiration and Sources of Respirable Carbon in Three Forest Stands on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Guan Xueyu , Zhang Yan , Niu Hongbo , Shi Peng , Cao Manhong , Zu Pengju , Xu Duoxun , Zhao Qianzhuo , Wang Bo , Cui Lingzhou , Gómez José A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe litter and root systems of forest stands can influence soil organic matter content and are subject to the effects of soil temperature and moisture. Through the decomposition activity of soil microorganisms, a portion of the carbon stored in aboveground vegetation is transferred to the underground carbon pool, thereby impacting soil respiration. When we investigated the effects of various components and environmental factors on soil respiration, 13C served as an effective tool for analyzing their contributions. In this study, conducted in a region of the Loess Plateau, three forest stands' soil respiration (Quercus acutissima forest—QAF, Pinus tabuliformis forest—PTF, and mixed forests—MF) was examined. Both soil respiration rate (Rs) and 13C exhibited seasonal fluctuations linked to changes in surface soil temperature and moisture. The soil respiration rate of all forest stands decreased to below 1 μmol m−2 s−1 during winter. The average range of δ13C fell between −22‰ and −17‰. Over the course of four seasons, we monitored soil respiration and identified hydrothermal factors. The correlation between hydrothermal factors and CO2 releases from soil respiration varied significantly across seasons among different forest structures (p < 0.001). Additionally, the contribution of litter to soil respiration was the main source and it was higher in autumn and winter, with a maximum of over 75%. This study holds significant importance for understanding the processes underlying the carbon sources of soil respiration.
Impacts of Land‐Use Change on Past and Future Carbon Stocks in the Tianshan North Slope Economic Belt
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Han , Li Xiang , Maimaitituersun Aizemaitijiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTo study the connection between land use and regional ecological carbon stocks, predicting the future evolution of land use and understanding the trends of changes in carbon stocks are essential to environmental protection and sustainable development. However, the changes in carbon stocks within ecosystems driven by land‐use and land‐cover change (LUCC) are characterized by large uncertainties. This study took the Tianshan North Slope Economic Belt in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China, as an example to investigate the spatiotemporal changes of carbon stocks and their relationship with LUCC, and used 11 variables in a Geo Detector model to analyze the drivers of spatial differentiation in carbon stocks. We trained six variables to predict the changes in carbon stocks under a natural development scenario (NDS) and ecological protection scenario (EPS) in 2030. The following results were obtained: (1) the land use was dominated by unused land in the 20‐year study period (2000–2020). Grassland showed a continuous decrease; unused land decreased and then increased, while others continued to increase. The most drastic change was for cropland, which was 7785 km2 (an increase of 39.76%), while grassland was reduced by 9402 km2 (a decrease of 9.05%). (2) Carbon stocks showed an increasing and then a decreasing trend, with an overall increase of 2.05 × 106 t. The spatial distribution was more centralized in the southwest, showing a continuous distribution with slice‐like bands, while the higher values took an irregular form in the northeastern portion of the region. (3) Carbon stocks under NDS reached 1427.50 × 105 t, an increase of 6.26 × 106 t compared with 2020; while under EPS, they reached 1427.79 × 105 t, an increase of 6.29 × 106 t, mainly due to grassland and unused land conversion. Therefore, the protection and restoration of grassland should continue to be strengthened in the future. (4) NDVI and soil erosion had strong explanatory power for the spatial variability of carbon stocks. There was two‐factor and nonlinear enhancement interaction in different factors, indicating that natural and human factors enhance the explanation of the spatial variation, the results of which can be applied to the ecosystems of the region.