bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Predictors of Successful Conversion from OREF Grants to Extramural Federal Funding Among Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Li Alan K. , Kendal Joseph K. , Hamad Christopher D. , Peterson Nicholas V. , Asachi Parsa , Taylor Jeremiah M. , Le Michael M. , Lloyd Trevor S. , Wessel Lauren E. , Bernthal Nicholas M. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Musculoskeletal diseases are a major contributor to global human disability, but research in this area of medicine contends with chronic underfunding in the United States, receiving <2% of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget. The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) serves as a vital nongovernmental organization, providing essential support for orthopaedic research. This study investigated the translation of various OREF grants into successful extramural federal funding discerning the clinician demographics and OREF award characteristics associated with increased chances of securing federal grants.

Methods:
We included OREF data from 1994 to 2020, and federal funding from the NIH, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was queried using publicly available databases: the NIH RePORTER, the DoD Defense Technical Information Center, the NSF search engine, and the AHRQ search engine. Clinician demographics and training were collected from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons roster and institution departmental websites. The successful translation of OREF grants into federal awards was assessed based on clinician gender, training, and specialty, as well as OREF grant mechanisms and characteristics; multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the likelihood of federal translation based on these predictor variables.

Results:
Three hundred and forty-eight OREF grants were awarded to 319 different clinicians, 23.5% of whom successfully translated their award into a federal grant. Notably, recipients of the OREF Career Development Grant (CDG) demonstrated a 48.4% translation rate to federal funding. The federal return on investment for all of the OREF grants averaged 503%, translating approximately $34 million in OREF awards into >$200 million in federal funding. Logistic regression revealed that recipients who received CDG funding, as well as orthopaedic oncologists, were more than 3 times as likely to secure federal funding than those who received grants with other mechanisms and those in other subspecialties.

Conclusions:
OREF fills a vital role in supporting budding orthopaedic research careers, ensuring the field’s competitiveness for federal awards on a national scale. The success rates, particularly for CDG recipients, highlight OREF’s effectiveness in identifying promising surgeon-scientists.
Temporal dynamics of land use land cover (LULC) changes and assessment of environmental and climatic parameters using remote sensing and GIS: A case study in Limboti Reservoir, Loha Taluka, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patro K. Suresh Kumar , Vinod Kumar Yadav  , Waghmare Sneha Dadarao  , Arpita Sharma  
Published: October 2024

In this study, multispectral satellite data from Landsat 4-5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS was used to analyse Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change detection and to retrieve environmental parameters. The LULC change detection was done between 2007 and 2021. This study used the supervised classification-maximum likelihood approach in ArcGIS 10.3 software to detect LULC in Loha Taluka, Maharashtra. The taluka was classified into four major LULC classes, viz. water, vegetation, settlement and barren-land. Changes in LULC directly or indirectly will also induce a change in the environmental parameters. Environmental parameters (water surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids) were analysed for Limboti Reservoir. Data were predicted for next two years (2022 and 2023) using multiplicative seasonal decomposition and Holt-Winter’s multiplicative method and trends of each parameter were analysed using Mann-Kendall trend method. For both years, vegetative land was the most extensive LC in Loha Taluka, accounting for more than 60% of the total land area. However, throughout these years, urbanisation was rampant and vegetative land was converted to settlement. In these years, open water resources such as reservoirs, lakes and rivers covered a very small percentage of the total area, which is a serious threat to the ecosystem. As a result, proper water body management is essential; otherwise, these resources will be destroyed and will no longer be able to contribute to the area’s socioeconomic growth.

Keywords: Change detection, Chlorophyll content, Land use land cover, Water quality, Water surface temperature
Architectural development of a land-attached carbonate platform in the African–Arabian Desert Belt: the late Pleistocene to Holocene evolution of the Al Wajh Platform, NE Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Putri Indah , Petrovic Alexander , Ariza-Fuentes Manuel , Sorrentino Rangelys , Perbawa Andika , Vahrenkamp Volker 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Carbonate platform architectures are indicators of environmental changes, such as sea level, climatic variations, and tectonic influence, which all control platform evolution. While analog studies on modern carbonate platforms have predominantly focused on tropical settings, limited attention has been given to arid and semiarid environments, although many ancient carbonate sequences were developed under these settings. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the Al Wajh carbonate platform lagoon in the NE Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, using geophysical and remote-sensing data to unravel its architecture and development since the last interglacial highstand (MIS 5e). We collected and analyzed sub-bottom profiles extending over 675 km and airborne lidar multibeam bathymetry data covering an area of 1700 km2. Surface sediment samples and vibracores with a maximum penetration of three meters were integrated to strengthen our interpretation. Furthermore, a recently published Red Sea sea-level curve was used to establish an age model and supplemented by available climate data to reconstruct depositional models. The Al Wajh lagoon is a “bucket” structure hosting five distinct depositional units since the late Pleistocene: U0 (pre-MIS 5e and MIS 5e), U1, U2, U3, and U4 (MIS 1), which are composed of five hydroacoustic facies, ranging from mounded to wavy laminated facies. Based on combining climate data, sea-level curves, and platform topography with our geophysical data, we conclude that the lagoon hosts carbonate, siliciclastic (fluvial and eolian), and potentially evaporitic deposits of open-marine and playa-lake origin. Intriguingly, karst architecture (i.e., sinkholes, caves, and collapsed cavities) is absent despite intermittent pluvial episodes and exposure during the late Pleistocene. Data analysis indicates that the Al Wajh lagoon architecture and development since the late Pleistocene are controlled by a combination of antecedent topography, sea-level variation, climate fluctuation, siliciclastic influx, carbonate production, and reef growth and drowning. Finally, insights from this study enhance our understanding of the architecture and sedimentary infill of ancient land-attached carbonate platforms deposited in a mature rift basin under alternating arid and pluvial climate settings.
Age and provenance relationships between the basal Great Valley Group and its underlying basement: implications for initiation of the Great Valley forearc basin, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Romero Mariah C. , Orme Devon A. , Surpless Kathleen D. , Ronemus Chance B. , Morrow Zachary 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The Great Valley forearc (GVf) basin, California, records deposition along the western margin of North America during active oceanic subduction from Jurassic through Paleogene time. Along the western GVf, its underlying basement, the Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO), is exposed as a narrow outcrop belt. CRO segments are overlain by the Great Valley Group (GVG), and locally, an ophiolitic breccia separates the CRO from basal GVG strata. New stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochronologic data (3865 detrital and 68 igneous zircon U-Pb ages) from the upper CRO, ophiolitic breccia, and basal GVG strata clarify temporal relationships among the three units, constrain maximum depositional ages (MDAs), and identify provenance signatures of the ophiolitic breccia and basal GVG strata. Gabbroic rocks from the upper CRO yield zircon U-Pb ages of 168.0 ± 1.3 Ma and 165.1 ± 1.2 Ma. Prominent detrital-zircon age populations of the ophiolitic breccia and GVG strata comprise Jurassic and Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ages, respectively, with pre-Mesozoic ages in both that are consistent with sources of North America affinity. Combined with petrographic modal analyses that show abundant volcanic grains (&gt; 50%), we interpret the breccia to be mainly derived from the underlying CRO, with limited input from the hinterland of North America, and the basal GVG to be derived from Mesozoic igneous and volcanic rocks of the Sierra Nevada–Klamath magmatic arc and hinterland. Analysis of detrital-zircon grains from the lower and upper ophiolitic breccia yields MDAs of ∼ 166 Ma and ∼ 151 Ma, respectively. Along-strike variation in Jurassic and Cretaceous MDAs from basal GVG strata range from ∼ 148 to 141 Ma, which are interpreted to reflect diachronous deposition in segmented depocenters during early development of the forearc. The ophiolitic breccia was deposited in a forearc position proximal to North America &lt; 4 Myr before the onset of GVG deposition. A new tectonic model for early development of the GVf highlights the role of forearc extension coeval with magmatic arc compression during the earliest stages of basin development.
Changes in soils and terrestrial landscapes of the Appalachian Basin (Conemaugh, Monongahela, and Dunkard groups), U.S.A., at the onset of the late Paleozoic climate transition
Authors: Hembree Daniel I. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Changes in global climate from the Late Pennsylvanian to early Permian resulting from the destabilization of ice sheets in the Southern Hemisphere had important effects on terrestrial landscapes around the Paleozoic world. In the northern Appalachian Basin (U.S.A.), evidence for this transition and its effects on terrestrial systems is preserved in numerous paleosols in the Conemaugh, Monongahela, and Dunkard groups that formed in various alluvial environments. Several studies along a 50 km west–east and 40 km north–south transect through southeast Ohio and southwest West Virginia resulted in the recognition of 24 different pedotypes. An up-section shift in pedotypes from Argillisols to Vertisols and Calcisols as well as an overall upward increase in the diversity of pedotypes records a significant change in soil-forming processes and landscapes. The landscapes of the Late Pennsylvanian were largely characterized by well-developed, clay-rich Alfisols of woodland ecosystems on distal floodplains bordered by poorly developed Inceptisols of early successional or marshland ecosystems on proximal floodplains. By the early Permian, these landscapes began to experience strongly seasonal climates and increasingly prolonged dry periods, resulting in the production of pronounced shrink–swell features and well-developed carbonate horizons. These landscapes were characterized by Vertisols and Inceptisols of highly heterogeneous brakeland ecosystems, with rapid changes in sedimentation, hydrology, and vegetation over short distances. Climatic conditions were prone to fluctuations between wet and dry states during the transition, resulting in a highly heterogeneous landscape that changed significantly through time.
Study Evaluates Long-Term Corrosion Risk of Load-Bearing, High-Power ESP Cable
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: October 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 34898, “Long-Term Corrosion-Risk Evaluation of Load-Bearing, High-Power Electrical Submersible Pump Cable,” by Serko A. Sarian, SPE, Alkhorayef Petroleum, and Hattan Banjar, SPE, and Chidirim Ejim, SPE, Saudi Aramco, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 Offshore Technology Conference.

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In this study, a fit-for-purpose electrical submersible pump (ESP) load-bearing power cable was deployed inside the production tubing of a sour oil well for an extended period of service. Project economics required the power-cable metallurgy to survive long-term exposure reliably for up to 15% hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and high-salinity production fluids. Laboratory tests simulating varying sour well and extended galvanic corrosion conditions have been performed to determine the adequacy of the selected armor metallurgy in downhole corrosive environments.

Introduction
In recent years, various types of load-bearing power cable-deployed ESP (CDESP) systems have been introduced, eliminating the need to install or remove a conventional ESP along with the completion and reducing ESP changeover time by more than 80%. More recently, live-well CDESP systems have been developed and tested to eliminate the need for a well-kill operation.
The most-critical and costly component of such a system is the load-bearing power cable. The cable has the dual purpose of conveyance and long-term powering-up of the ESP. In a conventional artificial lift operation, the ESP is conveyed using the production tubing with a non-load-bearing power cable strapped to the outside of the tubing. This operation requires a workover rig to remove and reinstall the entire completion and a killed-well operation that might permanently damage the reservoir.
The main advantages of a CDESP system include operational efficiency gain and cost reduction, no reservoir skin damage, and production-loss minimization. However, a few challenges exist with the use of CDESP. These cables must have significantly different structures from commercial oil and gas power cables. These differences are detailed in the complete paper.

Cable-Design Requirements
CDESP system criteria include multiple-year continued service in adverse oilwell and reservoir conditions such as sour fluids, high gas/oil ratios (GOR) and temperatures, and abrasion caused by solids production. The following product acceptance requirements were set in advance:
- Three redeployments or retrievals after the initial deployment
- Single deployment continued runtime to meet or exceed the regional conventional ESP system runtime
Based on regional statistics, a conventional ESP system single-deployment average run time is 2.5 years. The effective CDESP power-cable service life target then becomes 2.5 years × four total deployments = 10 years, which served as the basis for all cable-associated testing and reliability metrics.
Dust Resuspension Rates in Kuwait: Insights from 7Be and 137Cs Radionuclides
Authors: Aba Abdulaziz , Al-Dousari Ali , Ismaeel Anfal , Al-Dabbous Abdullah , Alboloushi Omar , Al-Jarba Mashael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Dust resuspension rates in four different landscapes in Kuwait were estimated over a two-year period using 7Be and 137Cs radionuclides. The average rates of resuspension of particles labeled with 7Be (2 × 10-3 ± 3.9 x 10-4 s-1) were much higher than those of particles labeled with 137Cs (1.6 x 10-6 ± 2.15 x 10-7 s-1), which indicates increased short-term fluctuations in recently deposited dust. Conversely, the resuspension rates for particles labeled with 137Cs were considerably lower, which better reflects long-term variations in dust resuspension. This evaluation approach may provide a foundation for future studies assessing the impact of suspended dust particulates on the performance of solar power systems, in conjunction with other influencing factors like vertical mass flux.
Trials for Quiet and Efficient Flights in Advanced Continuous Descent Approach Using the Low Noise Augmentation System LNAS
Authors: Sachs Falk , Abdelmoula Fethi , Goetz Marie , Kurz Joscha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The pilot assistance system Low Noise Augmentation System (LNAS) developed by DLR has already been demonstrated, tested and used in real air traffic in various projects ([1],[2],[3]). The work described in this paper was aimed at extending LNAS to alternative approach procedures in the project LNAS-CGN. For this purpose, flight simulator tests were conducted with the scenery of Cologne Bonn Airport (threeletter code CGN). The aircraft used was an Airbus A320. The participating pilots were airline pilots who had not yet gained any experience with the LNAS system. LNAS optimizes the vertical profile of the approach from the beginning of the descent (top of descent) to the stabilization height at 1000 ft above ground so that the aircraft can be flown with the minimum thrust, the minimum noise emission as well as minimum fuel consumption with a given lateral route. In doing so, the system continuously corrects the trajectory ahead, depending on the constraints created by air traffic control instructions or changing weather conditions. The system provides guidance on which airspeed, aircraft configuration and controller modes are most favourable for the approach and provides the crew with the timing for subsequent actions. In particular, the so-called Advanced Continuous Descent Approach (ACDA) was considered during this project. This is an approach in which the descent is initiated comparatively late and is therefore steeper than for other types of approaches. The aircraft's energy management is of great importance here, especially since the use of speed brakes should be avoided for reasons of noise abatement. More than 150 approaches were carried out, in which the system was either used or not. The pilots were interviewed afterwards about their experiences. Thereby, the focus was on the flyability of the approach itself and the workload in the cockpit with and without support from the system. In addition, the flight tests were evaluated with regard to their fuel efficiency, configuration management and influence on the aircraft noise generated.
Toxic effect of some essential oils and their mixtures on the fourth stage larvae of Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: abdelouaheb ALOUANI , kamel souda , Hayette SID 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study evaluates the efficacy of three essential oils and their combinations against fourth-stage Culex pipiens larvae. In each replicate, 25 larvae were exposed to larvicides, and their status was monitored at 24, 48, and 72-hour intervals. All tested compounds demonstrated varying degrees of toxicity towards the larvae, with LC50 values ranging from 1.28 to 1938.92 mg/L at different time intervals. Z. spina-christi exhibited the highest larvicidal potency with an LC50 value of 903 mg/L after 24 hours, followed by O. basilicum (LC50 = 1114 mg/L), while A. herba-alba showed the least effect with LC50 values of 6470 mg/L.O. basilicum emerged as the most potent larvicide after 48 and 72 hours, with LC50 values of 468 mg/L and 182 mg/L, respectively. Z. spina-christi ranked second in toxicity with LC50 values of 686 and 536 mg/L at 48 and 72 hours. A. herba-alba exhibited the lowest toxicity. The M3 extract (Z. spina-christi + O. basilicum) demonstrated the highest larvicidal activity; while the M2 extract exhibited the least toxicity.LT50 results indicated that the combination of Z. spina-christi and O. basilicum in M3 is the most effective. Some mixtures displayed antagonistic effects, with "synergistic factor; S.F." ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, signifying significant synergistic effects. While some combinations showed no effect, others displayed antagonistic effects against the larvae after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The study underscores the exceptional larvicidal effects of all evaluated botanical extracts, suggesting their potential as natural larvicides for mosquito control operations.
Non-Planar Hierarchical Composition of Extending Metamaterials for Deployable Load-Bearing Structures
Authors: Fogelson Mitchell , Thomas Sawyer , Manchester Zachary , Lipton Jeffrey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Structures and materials with geometric hierarchy commonly exhibit enhanced strength-to-weight ratio. Compositions of deployable mechanisms through planar hierarchy can offer surface area changes but have yielded little structural value for high-extension beam deployment. This work shows that non-planar hierarchical compositions can dramatically improve deployable beams' extension ratios and mechanical stiffness. This work describes the Pop-Up Extending Truss (PET), which uses the composition of scissor-like structures to enable multi-axis reorientation, enhancing the bending stiffness by over 100% compared to other scissor-like variants with equal mass and linear packing. Additionally, by combining PETs with Kresling mechanisms, we show our Hierarchical Extending and Reorienting Deployable Structures (HERDS) are capable of supporting 10x higher bending, compressive, torsional, and tensile stiffness at 25-200x extension ratios compared to non-hierarchical structures. A physical HERDS prototype achieved a 50x extension ratio and supported compressive and bending loading when deployed. Practical applications could include large space structures, deployable infrastructure, and medical devices.
Enhancing Water Quality Predictions in Water Distribution Networks: Development and Integration of an RSM-Based Incomplete Mixing Model
Authors: Gao Jinliang , Li Kunyi , Dong Wenchao , Yin Xiaoming , Tian Yuan , Wang Weichao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Improving the accuracy of Water Distribution Network (WDN) water quality models presents a significant challenge, particularly due to the incomplete mixing phenomena at internal junctions. In this study, CFD numerical simulations were conducted to identify key factors affecting solute mixing at cross, double-T, and H junctions. It was found that the inlet and outlet Reynolds number ratios significantly impact mixing efficiency at all three types of junctions, with the spacing at double-T junctions being particularly critical. An incomplete mixing model was developed based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). By integrating the RSM-based Incomplete Mixing Model (RSM-IMM) into EPANET or similar hydraulic and water quality modeling software, engineers and researchers can improve predictions of water quality parameters, thereby making more informed decisions in the management and operation of WDNs.
Mathematical Model of Artificial Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Bhadula Rakesh CHANDRA , Pokhariyal Ganesh Prasad , Sisodia Mayank , Mamgain Kritika , Agarwal Ishita , Bahuguna Aarohi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper, four cities of India having different geographical structures, climate, and hydrological components were selected. And an area of 500 square meters from each city has been studied. A Mathematical model with three-dimensional components of hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head in the aquifer, and other factors was adopted in which additional components of artificial recharge were added. The model is numerically solved with the help of C + + software and the graphs were plotted to depict the status of groundwater level after the artificial recharge. It was found that during the study period from 2014 to 2021, the increase of groundwater level in Bhopal was 9 meters, for Jaipur was 6 meters, for Dehradun was 6.5 meters, and for Bangalore was 5 meters.