bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Early Functional Outcome After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Cohn Matthew R. , Cong Guang-Ting , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Patt Minda L. , Desai Pingal , Zambrana Lester , Lane Joseph M. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Hip fractures are common in the elderly and are likely to become more prevalent as the US population ages. Early functional status is an indicator of longer term outcome, yet in-hospital predictors of functional recovery, particularly time of surgery and composition of support staff, after hip fracture surgery have not been well studied. Methods: Ninety-nine consecutive patients underwent hip fracture surgery by a single surgeon between 2009 and 2013. Surgery after 48 hours was deemed as surgical delay, and surgery after 5 pm was deemed as after hours. Surgical support staff experience was determined by experts from our institution as well as documented level of training. Functional status was determined by independent ambulation on postoperative day (POD) 3. Results: On POD3, 48 (79%) of 62 patients with no delay were able to ambulate, whereas only 14 (38%) of 37 patients with delayed surgery were able to ambulate ( P < .001). This relationship persisted when adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiologist classification. No delay in patients older than 80 (odds ratio [OR], 6.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.16-22.10) and females (OR, 7.05; 95% CI, 2.34-21.20) was associated with greater chance of early ambulation. After-hours surgery was not associated with ambulation ( P = .35). Anesthesiologist and circulating nurse experience had no impact on patient’s ambulatory status; however, nonorthopedic scrub technicians were associated with worse functional status (OR 7.50; 95% CI, 1.46-38.44, P = .01). Conclusion: Surgical delay and nonorthopedic scrub technicians are associated with worse early functional outcome after hip fracture surgery. Surgical delay should be avoided in older patients and women. More work should be done to understand the impact of surgical team composition on outcome.
Autocommunication as a Special Type of Communicative Situation, Its Attributes and Realization in the Literary Text (Based on the Novels of A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy)
Authors: Шутая  , Shutaya Natalya 
Published: December 2015

Expressive means of auto-communication as a special type of communication
situation in a literary text are reviewed in the article. By developing theoretical
principles of the Yu. M. Lotman about autocommunication, author explains
the necessity of initiating event and special temporal characteristics of the
microenvironment for autocommunication situation activation.
Psycholinguistic Understanding of the Connotative Aspect of a Word
Authors: Матюшина  , Matyushina V. 
Published: December 2015

The problem under consideration in the article regards the interrelation between
the concept of connotation if we speak in terms of traditional linguistics
and the so called personal meaning – a term which is referred to
the conceptual framework of psycholinguistics. Though a special stress is
made on the fact that while comparing both concepts, there is a lot in common
between them in their interpretation and understanding. Connotation
is understood as a personal judgement of the meaning containing a special
evaluative part. The emotional impression of a word generates a certain
perception of it by an individual. The emotional effect from the perception of
an object is embodied in the meaning as a personal attitude to it. Personal
meaning is considered to be a personal attitude of an individual to a real
thing and this very personal emotionally coloured attitude assigns a specific
meaning to the thing. Any general word meaning adopted by an individual
undergoing the influence of his or her system of values, prescriptions and
interests acquires that very personal meaning which determines the attitude
of an individual to reality. The essence of the fundamental psychological
theory of word meaning created by A.N.Leontiev is revealed. Leontiev understood
human conscience as a certain system consisting of the following
parts: meaning, personal meaning and sensitive substance. The meaning
is perceived as an integrated reflection of reality and personal meaning defines
and shows the attitude of an individual to reality. Personal meaning
is manifested itself in the emotional marking and evaluating of this or that
object. An attempt is made to prove, that connotation and personal meaning
are different terms for one and the same concept which is known as the
emotional evaluation of a real thing produced by human conscience. In the
course of the latter process an additional gradation to the meaning of a word
is introduced. One of the basic methods of psycholinguistics is described
– that of the method of semantic differential which gives an opportunity to
measure the connotative aspect of a word meaning.
The Main Dynamic Processes Taking Place Within Terminological Systems (on the Example of the English Terminological System of Digital Photography)
Authors: Асадова  , Asadova A. 
Published: December 2015

Digital photography terminology system is an open and quite actively developing
system that is shown in the variety of terminological units and means
of their formation. In general, the English digital photography terminology
can be characterized as dynamical one. The article is devoted to the study
of main dynamical processes taking place in the English digital photography
terminology system. Special attention is paid to the processes of terminologization,
determinologization, terminological borrowings, reterminologization
and transterminologization. There is a constant exchange between the
general and terminological lexis, as a result of which determinologization
of special lexis, terminologization of the general lexis and transterminologization
happen. As a result of reterminologization and transterminologizationterminological
units with the identical forms, but different meanings
appear in variousscientific-technical terminology systems. These processes
are mainly responsible for the replenishment and renewal of terminological
lexis, including the sphere of digital photography of the modern English
language.
Realization of Functional-Semantic Principle of Fixed Verb Collocations in Students Preparation for RUSE (Russian Unified State Exam) and German Language European Exams
Authors: Шмаль  , Shmal Meri , Феклистова  , Feklistova L. 
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the research results of problems connected with using
fixed verb collocations in several styles and aspects of Modern German
Language, practical justification of functional categorization of marked
verbal units is given, as also different forms of work with these verbal units
come under good overview in the process of communication and formation
of the foreign communicative competence in preparation for RUSE and
European Exams.
The Course of Journalism in the System of Additional Education Is a Way of Building Communication Platforms and Socio-Cultural Integration of Pupils. Pedagogical Methods and Technologies
Authors: Конашенкова  , Konashenkova N. 
Published: December 2015

The article examines the possibility of building communication platform in
adolescents by practicing journalism. The article proves that such classes
can become an effective method of social and cultural integration of pupils.
It specifies the most suitable methods and educational technologies.
The Role of a Picture in the Development of the Preschool-Age Children’s Coherent Speech with the General Speech Underdevelopment of the Third Level
Authors: Янутан  , Yanutan V. 
Published: December 2015

The Coherent speech is very important for psychogeny and for the development
of a child’s self-comprehension. It contributes to the better developing
of the important personal qualities. Also the usage of the pictures also
contributes to the better development of the coherent speech during the
correctional work.
Auto-Intertext of the Novel of Ivan Turgenev «Stuchit»
Authors: Бобылев  , Bobylev B. 
Published: December 2015

In this article B. Bobylev analyses the intertextual relations of the novel of
Ivan Turgenev “Stuchit” (Knocks) with other stories of the writer. It defines
the place of the story in a series of “A Sportsman’s sketches” and the whole
work of the writer in general. The article identifies key themes and symbols
that define the specifics of the worldview of the author. It affirms the idea of
a deep connection of the Turgenev’s image of knocking with the search for
meaning, the mystery of human’s existence. It also covers the role mythopoetic
tradition in the creation of a system of verbal images of the story and
in the development of the idea of parallel existence of the earthly world with
the other world. The article studies verbal and non-verbal behavior of the
characters, assesses the relationship of peasants and landowners within
the theory of ego states of Eric Berne.
METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HUMAN IMPACT ON SOIL ROADSIDE TERRITORIES WITH THE FLOW OF LOGGING TRUCKS
Authors: Сушков  , Sushkov Oleg 
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the method of determining the contamination of soil and snow cover roadside areas susceptible to significant chemical stress generat-ed due to tire wear and brake pads asphalt pavement the use of anti-icing materi-als and so forth.
The technique of determining and calculating concentrations of pollutants with the aim of forecasting processes for the allocation of their concentrations with increasing distance from the edge of the carriageway .
Researching the lived experiences of cancer patients with malignant fungating wounds
Authors: Rowan Sara , Moffatt Christine , Olden Anthony 
Published: December 2015

Background: Researching the experiences of terminally ill patients with disfiguring wounds is likely to be a challenge anywhere, and this investigation came face-to-face with different attitudes on the part of both patients and nurses and doctors in England (the South-East) and Italy (Tuscany). Aim: To highlight the complexity of researching sensitive subjects and the difficulties encountered from the perspective of the researcher(s). Methods: Some 14 patients were interviewed. In England access was relatively straightforward, with nurses linked to the hospice doing most of the recruitment. Access was more difficult in Italy, with some doctors expressing opposition. Discussion: How ethical is it to treat dying patients as subjects for research? How does research of this kind vary from one culture to another? Conclusions: Interviewees can find it therapeutic to talk about their experiences to a sympathetic listener—although the listening does pose a considerable strain on the researcher.
Rapid discharge from hospital in the last days of life: an evaluation of key issues and the discharge sister role
Authors: Jones Susan , Hamilton Sharon , Nicholson Alex 
Published: December 2015

Background: When the time comes, most people wish to die at home. Nevertheless, many deaths occur in hospital, often because of delays in the discharge process. This study explored the issues surrounding rapid discharge from hospital in the final days of life, and evaluated the contribution of a discharge sister role. Methods: A qualitative design was used, incorporating focus groups and interviews with key stakeholders. A total of 75 staff and 7 carers participated. Results: Participants highlighted the small window of opportunity available to facilitate a rapid but safe discharge from hospital. Early recognition of the last days of life was vital as was the availability of a skilled health professional, such as the discharge sister, to coordinate the patient's journey from hospital to preferred place of death. Conclusions: Rapid discharge is challenging and requires high levels of skill. The discharge sister navigated complex organisational systems to facilitate rapid discharge for those who might otherwise have died in hospital.
Findings from a Clinical Learning Needs Survey at Ireland's first children's hospice
Authors: Quinn Claire , Hillis Rowan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose: Caring for children with life-limiting conditions places exceptional demands on health professionals. Staff require the optimal skills and expertise necessary to provide the highest quality of care and to achieve this it is essential to understand their learning requirements. Aim: The aim is to share the main findings from a Clinical Learning Needs Survey conducted at LauraLynn, currently Ireland's only children's hospice. To date no other Irish service has conducted a formal identification of professional learning and development needs specific to the Irish context. The findings from the study assist workforce planning by providing a glimpse into the immediate study needs of staff working in a children's palliative care setting. The study had two main aims: a) Assist clinical staff within one organisation to identify their own professional learning priorities in children's palliative care and b) Inform the design and delivery of a responsive suite of workshops, programmes and study sessions for children's palliative care. Results: The study identified the key learning needs as end-of-life care, palliative emergencies, communication skill development and bereavement support. Conclusion: These findings are similar to those found internationally and demonstrate the commitment of a new organisation to ensure that specific employee learning requirements are met if the organisation and wider specialty of Irish children's palliative care is to continue its evolution.
Caracterização citogenética de Encyclia caximboensis (Orchidaceae) cultivadas in vitro
Authors: Silva Gizelly Mendes , Varella Tatiane Lemos , Cruz Kaliane Maximiliano , Carvalho Ilio Fealho , Karsburg Isane Vera , Silva Maurecilne Lemes 
Published: December 2015

<em>E</em><em>ncyclia caximboensis</em><span> is an Amazonian species endemic to the Serra do Cachimbo, which is located between the northern of the Mato Grosso state and the southern part of Para state. Studies reporting in vitro cultivation and cytogenetic characterization of this species are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the cytogenetic characteristics and to identify the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of the species </span><em>E. Caximboensis</em><span>, cultivated </span><em>in vitro.</em><span> Seeds of </span><em>E. caximboensis</em><span> were disinfected using a syringe and subsequently cultivated in MS medium without growth regulators. The germination started after 20 days of culture, with the development of protocorm and 40,500 seedlings were obtained after 90 days of culture. To perform the cytogenetic characterization, root tips of 180-day-old seedlings were submitted to blocking treatment using 3 µM trifiuralin and then fixed in methanol-acetic acid solution, 3:1 (v/v). The meristems were submitted to enzymatic digestion, fixed in methanol-acetic acid solution, 3:1 (v/v) and the slides were stained using 5% Giemsa solution. Ag-NOR banding was carried out on 20-day-old slides by incubation in 50% silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) for 19 hours. The results indicated that </span><em>E. caximboensis</em><span> has 2n=2x=24 with all metacentric type chromosomes, ranging from 1.88 to 0.66 pm in length, with simple NORs in small blocks localized in the proximal region of the third chromosome pair. </span>
Multilevel analysis of the effects of leardership styles, decision making strategies and personality on decision-making process in schools<p>Liderlik stilleri, karar verme stratejileri ve kişiliğin okullardaki karar sürecine etkilerinin çok düzeyli analizi
Authors: Güçlü Nezahat , Özer Arif , Kurt Türker , Koşar Serkan 
Published: December 2015

<p>This study aims to identify factors that are effective on decision making at school, to analyse how these processes occur, to investigate whether decision making processes differ from school to school; and to demonstrate whether decision making processes at schools are associated with personality, decision making strategies and principals’ leadership. The research was conducted during 2012-2013 academic year in central districts of Ankara. It covered a total number of 473 participants (22 principals and 449 teachers), who work in 24 different elementary schools. In order to collect necessary data for the research, Adjective Based Personality Scale (Bacanlı, İlhan and Aslan, 2009), Leadership Styles Scale (Çuhadaroğlu, 2008) and Decision-Making Questionnaire at School and Decision Making Process Questionnaire at School, which were developed by the authors, were employed in this study. In analysing the data, two-level hierarchical linear model technique was used. According to the research findings, the most important factors in decision making at schools are deputy principals, senior education managers and teachers. The least effective ones are citizens that are not custodians for students, non-educative personnel at school and representatives of non-governmental organisations.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, okullarda karar verme sürecinde etkili olan faktörlerin neler olduğu, okulda karar süreçlerinin nasıl gerçekleştiği, karar verme süreçlerinin okullara göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı ve okullardaki karar verme süreçlerinin kişilik, karar verme stratejileri ve okul müdürünün liderliği ile ilişkili olup olmadığının ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, 2012-2013 eğitim ve öğretim yılında, Ankara ili merkez ilçelerindeki 24 ilköğretim okulunda görev yapan 22 okul müdürü ve 449 öğretmen olmak üzere toplam 473 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma için gerekli verilerin toplanması amacıyla Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Testi (Bacanlı, İlhan ve Aslan, 2009) ve Liderlik Stilleri Ölçeği (Çuhadaroğlu, 2008) ve araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Okulda Karar Alma Anketi ve Okulda Karar Alma Süreci Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde iki düzeyli hiyerarşik doğrusal model tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, okullarda karar alımında en etkili olan faktörler müdür yardımcıları, üst düzey eğitim yöneticileri ve öğretmenlerdir. En az etkili olanlar ise öğrenci velisi olmayan vatandaşlar, okuldaki eğitici olmayan personel ve sivil toplum kuruluşu temsilcileridir.</p>
Effects of Fluoxetine and Visual Experience on Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synaptic Proteins in Adult Rat Visual Cortex
Authors: Beshara Simon , Beston Brett R. , Pinto Joshua G. A. , Murphy Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFluoxetine has emerged as a novel treatment for persistent amblyopia because in adult animals it reinstates critical period-like ocular dominance plasticity and promotes recovery of visual acuity. Translation of these results from animal models to the clinic, however, has been challenging because of the lack of understanding of how this selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor affects glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic mechanisms that are essential for experience-dependent plasticity. An appealing hypothesis is that fluoxetine recreates a critical period (CP)-like state by shifting synaptic mechanisms to be more juvenile. To test this we studied the effect of fluoxetine treatment in adult rats, alone or in combination with visual deprivation [monocular deprivation (MD)], on a set of highly conserved presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins (synapsin, synaptophysin, VGLUT1, VGAT, PSD-95, gephyrin, GluN1, GluA2, GluN2B, GluN2A, GABAAα1, GABAAα3). We did not find evidence that fluoxetine shifted the protein amounts or balances to a CP-like state. Instead, it drove the balances in favor of the more mature subunits (GluN2A, GABAAα1). In addition, when fluoxetine was paired with MD it created a neuroprotective-like environment by normalizing the glutamatergic gain found in adult MDs. Together, our results suggest that fluoxetine treatment creates a novel synaptic environment dominated by GluN2A- and GABAAα1-dependent plasticity.
Population Outcomes of Three Approaches to Detection of Congenital Hearing Loss
Authors: Wake Melissa , Ching Teresa Y.C. , Wirth Karen , Poulakis Zeffie , Mensah Fiona K. , Gold Lisa , King Alison , Bryson Hannah E. , Reilly Sheena , Rickards Field 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:
Universal newborn hearing screening was implemented worldwide largely on modeled, not measured, long-term benefits. Comparative quantification of population benefits would justify its high cost.

METHODS:
Natural experiment comparing 3 population approaches to detecting bilateral congenital hearing loss (&gt;25 dB, better ear) in Australian states with similar demographics and services: (1) universal newborn hearing screening, New South Wales 2003–2005, n = 69; (2) Risk factor screening (neonatal intensive care screening + universal risk factor referral), Victoria 2003–2005, n = 65; and (3) largely opportunistic detection, Victoria 1991–1993, n = 86. Children in (1) and (2) were followed at age 5 to 6 years and in (3) at 7 to 8 years. Outcomes were compared between states using adjusted linear regression.

RESULTS:
Children were diagnosed younger with universal than risk factor screening (adjusted mean difference –8.0 months, 95% confidence interval –12.3 to –3.7). For children without intellectual disability, moving from opportunistic to risk factor to universal screening incrementally improved age of diagnosis (22.5 vs 16.2 vs 8.1 months, P &lt; .001), receptive (81.8 vs 83.0 vs 88.9, P = .05) and expressive (74.9 vs 80.7 vs 89.3, P &lt; .001) language and receptive vocabulary (79.4 vs 83.8 vs 91.5, P &lt; .001); these nonetheless remained well short of cognition (mean 103.4, SD 15.2). Behavior and health-related quality of life were unaffected.

CONCLUSIONS:
With new randomized trials unlikely, this may represent the most definitive population-based evidence supporting universal newborn hearing screening. Although outperforming risk factor screening, school entry language still lagged cognitive abilities by nearly a SD. Prompt intervention and efficacy research are needed for children to reach their potential.