bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of 400 mg ropivacaine after periarticular local infiltration analgesia for total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fenten M. G. E. , Bakker S. M. K. , Touw D. J. , van den Bemt B. J. F. , Scheffer G. J. , Heesterbeek P. J. C. , Stienstra R. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundAlthough considered safe, no pharmacokinetic data of high dose, high volume local infiltration analgesia (LIA) with ropivacaine without the use of a surgical drain or intra‐articular catheter have been described. The purpose of this study is to describe the maximum total and unbound ropivacaine concentrations (Cmax, Cu max) and corresponding maximum times (Tmax, Tu max) of a single‐shot ropivacaine (200 ml 0.2%) and 0.75 mg epinephrine (1000 μg/ml) when used for LIA in patients for total knee arthroplasty.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 20 patients were treated with LIA of the knee for primary total knee arthroplasty. Plasma samples were taken at 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360 min and at 24 h after tourniquet release, in which total and unbound ropivacaine concentrations were determined.ResultsResults are given as median [IQR]. Highest ropivacaine concentration (Cmax) was 1.06 μg/ml [0.34]; highest unbound ropivacaine concentration (Cu max) was 0.09 μg/ml [0.05]. The corresponding time to reach the maximum concentration for total ropivacaine was 312 min [120] after tourniquet release, and for the unbound fraction 265 [110] min after tourniquet release.ConclusionAlthough great inter‐individual variability was found between the maximum ropivacaine concentrations, both maximum total and unbound serum concentrations of ropivacaine remained well below the assumed systemic toxic thresholds of 4.3 and 0.56 μg/ml.
Cellular GABAergic Neuroactive Steroid (3α,5α)‐3‐Hydroxy‐Pregnan‐20‐One (3α,5α‐THP) Immunostaining Levels Are Increased in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Human Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: A Postmortem Study
Authors: Hasirci Ahmet Sait , Maldonado‐Devincci Antoniette M. , Beattie Matthew C. , O'Buckley Todd K. , Morrow A. Leslie 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe GABAergic neuroactive steroid (3α,5α)‐3‐hydroxy‐pregnan‐20‐one (3α,5α‐THP; allopregnanolone) enhances GABAergic activity and produces subjective effects similar to ethanol (EtOH). The effect of chronic alcohol exposure on 3α,5α‐THP concentrations has been studied in mouse, rat, and monkey limbic brain areas. Chronic EtOH exposure produced divergent brain region and cell‐specific changes in 3α,5α‐THP concentrations in animal studies. However, 3α,5α‐THP levels in similar human brain regions have never been examined in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine 3α,5α‐THP levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra pars medialis (SNM), and amygdala of human postmortem brains of patients diagnosed with AUD compared with social drinkers. The effects of sex and liver disease on 3α,5α‐THP concentrations were examined in the aforementioned brain regions.MethodsHuman postmortem brains of AUD patients and age‐matched controls were obtained from the New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Center. IHC was performed using anti‐3α,5α‐THP antibody on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded brain sections to detect cellular 3α,5α‐THP levels. Immunoreactivity was analyzed by pixel density/mm2 for the comparison between AUD patients and controls.Results3α,5α‐THP immunoreactivity was increased by 23.2 ± 9% in the VTA of AUD patients compared with age‐matched controls (p = 0.014). Moreover, a 29.6 ± 10% increase in 3α,5α‐THP immunoreactivity was observed in the SNM of male AUD patients compared with male controls (p < 0.01), but not in female subjects. 3α,5α‐THP immunoreactivity in the VTA and SNM regions did not differ between noncirrhotic and cirrhotic AUD patients. A sex difference in 3α,5α‐THP immunoreactivity (female 51 ± 18% greater than male) was observed among control subjects in the SNM, but no other brain region. 3α,5α‐THP immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala and lateral amygdala was negatively correlated with the length of the tissue fixation time as well as the age of the subjects, precluding assessment of the effect of AUD.ConclusionsCellular 3α,5α‐THP levels in VTA are increased in human AUD patients, an effect that is likely independent of sex and liver disease. The differences between animal models and human studies should be factored into the interpretation of the physiological significance of elevated 3α,5α‐THP levels in humans.
Synthesis and investigation of anticancer potential of radiolabeled naphthalene monoimide bearing imidazolium salt
Authors: Yurt Lambrecht Fatma , Ocakoglu Kasim , Gokhan Colak Suleyman , Alp Ersoz Onur , Er Ozge 
Published: January 2017

Imidazolium salts and derivatives have antitumor efficacy and toxic effects in different micro‐organisms. In this study, an imidazolium bromide salt (NMI) was synthesized, and its antitumor potential was investigated by in vitro studies. Radiolabeling of synthesized NMI was carried out by iodogen method using 131I radionuclide. The yield of radiolabeling was determined as 98.5 ± 0.1%. After that, cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake studies were evaluated in various cell lines. The cytotoxicity of NMI was determined as 35, 20, 10, and 1 μm for HEK‐293, PC‐3, CaCo‐2, and MCF‐7 cells, respectively. In addition, the intracellular uptake of 131I‐NMI was investigated in the cell lines, and the uptake was significantly found as 4 hr for MCF‐7 and 6 hr for PC‐3. In future studies, antitumor efficacy of 131I‐NMI on tumor‐bearing animal model might be studied in light of these results.
Epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia, an unrecognized sign of folliculitis decalvans: A histological study of 26 patients
Authors: Matard Bruno , Cavelier‐Balloy Benedicte , Reygagne Pascal 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundFollicular hyperkeratosis along with hyperplasia of the follicular and interfollicular epithelia are major histopathological characteristics of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The presence of an occasional thickening of lesional skin in some folliculitis decalvans (FD) patients and histological similarities between FD and HS led us to look for epidermal hyperplasia and follicular hyperkeratosis in FD patients.Patients and MethodWe performed a retrospective histological analysis of 26 patients with FD.ObjectiveWe sought to find out whether the presence of hyperplasia of the interfollicular epidermis and of the follicular epithelia could be verified in FD, with reference to the work of von Laffert et al. concerning HS.ResultsThe main quantitative and qualitative data were: follicular hyperkeratosis (77%), hyperplasia of the interfollicular epidermis (92%) with a psoriasiform aspect (88%), atrophy of the follicular epithelia (85%), plasma cells in infiltrate (92%) in large quantities (42%), follicular microcysts (60%), atrophy of the sebaceous glands (85%) and polytrichia (54%).ConclusionEpidermal hyperplasia, sometimes psoriasiform and follicular microcysts, are significant histological signs of FD, which have been ignored until now although they seem very common.
Investigation of fatigue crack growth rate in CARALL, ARALL and GLARE
Authors: Asghar W , Nasir M A , Qayyum F , Shah M , Azeem M , Nauman S , Khushnood S 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFibre metal laminates (FMLs) are being used to manufacture many structural components in aerospace industry because of their very high strength to weight ratios, yet the exact model for estimating fatigue crack propagation in FMLs cannot be developed because of many variable parameters affecting it. In this research, tensile strength, fatigue life and fracture toughness values of 2/1 configuration carbon reinforced aluminium laminate (CARALL), aramid reinforced aluminium laminate and glass laminate aluminium reinforced epoxy specimens have been investigated. Mechanical, chemical and electrochemical surface treatments were applied to AA 1050 face sheets to improve the adhesive properties of the laminates. The specimens were prepared using vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding technique and were cut to desired shapes. Fatigue tests were conducted on centre notched specimens according to ASTM Standard E399. Real time material data and properties of adhesive were used in definition of numerical simulation model to obtain the values of stress intensity factor at different crack lengths. It was observed that CARALL shows very superior tensile and fatigue strength because of stress distribution during failure. Numerical simulation model developed in this research accurately predicts fracture toughness of aramid reinforced aluminium laminate, CARALL and glass laminate aluminium reinforced epoxy with less than 2% error. An empirical analytical model using experimental data obtained during research was developed which accurately predicts the trend of FMLs fatigue life.
An oral health and function screening tool for nursing personnel of long‐term care facilities to identify the need for dentist referral without preliminary training
Authors: Tsukada Shigemi , Ito Kayoko , Stegaroiu Roxana , Shibata Satoko , Ohuchi Akitsugu 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate, with a dentist as gold standard, an oral health screening tool, the Oral Health Screening Tool for Nursing Personnel (OHSTNP), that assists long‐term care facility nursing staff without preliminary training in identifying resident need for dentist referral.MethodsUsing an OHSTNP adapted from previous screening tools (Chalmers, J Gerontol Nurs, 2004, 30, 5; Tsukada, J Jpn Soc Dent Hyg, 2012, 7, 43), one of four nurses, one of eight caregivers and a dentist with 15 years’ experience screened the oral health/function of 57 long‐term care facility residents. The OHSTNP included a question on the need and reasons for dentist referral. Tool reliability and validity were evaluated by determining inter‐rater agreement (Cohen's kappa), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.ResultsFor dentist‐nurse and dentist‐caregiver pairs, kappa was statistically significant and sensitivity was high (≥0.67, nurses; ≥0.71, caregivers) for natural teeth, dentures and oral function‐related categories. Specificity for all categories was ≥0.69. Screening by nurses and caregivers for need for referral had low sensitivity (0.05, 0.23), accuracy (0.25, 0.39) and kappa (−0.01, 0.08). However, if nursing staff had been instructed to request a dentist referral in case of alterations in natural teeth/dentures or severe alterations in any other category, the estimated values increased to a sensitivity of 0.86 and 0.91, an accuracy of 0.75 and 0.82 and a kappa of 0.26 and 0.47.ConclusionsOHSTNP was reliable and valid for screening natural teeth, denture conditions and oral functions. Supplementary guidelines improved estimates of OHSTNP sensitivity, accuracy and reliability for nurse/caregiver assessment of resident need for dentist referral.
Wetting and adhesion evaluation of cosmetic ingredients and products: correlation of in vitro–in vivo contact angle measurements
Authors: Capra P. , Musitelli G. , Perugini P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this work was to use the contact angle measurement in order to predict the behaviour of ingredients and finished cosmetic products on skin to improve skin feel and product texture.MethodDifferent classes of cosmetic ingredients and formulations were evaluated. The contact angle measurements were carried out by the sessile drop method using an apparatus, designed and set up in laboratory. Glass, Teflon and human skin were the reference substrates. In a preliminary phase, TEWL parameter, sebum content and hydration of human skin were measured to set up method.ResultsData demonstrated that glass substrate may be used as replacement of the skin:critical surface tension of skin and glass were about of 27 and 31 dyne cm−1, respectively. Non‐ionic surfactant with increasing HLB was evaluated: a correlation between contact angle measured and HLB was not observed because of different and complex molecular structure. In detail, ethylhexyl hydroxystearate (θglass = 17.1°) showed lower contact angle value with respect to Polysorbate 20 (θglass = 28.1°). Sodium laureth sulphate and stearalkonium chloride were also evaluated: anionic molecule showed more affinity for glass with respect to Teflon (θglass = 21.7° and θTeflon = 52.3°). Lipids and silicones showed different affinity for substrate according to hydrophilic groups and hydrocarbon chain: contact angles of silicones remained unchanged independently from substrate. Finished cosmetic products (O/W, W/O emulsions, cleansing oil, dry skin oil) showed different profiles according to surfactant and its affinity for continuous phase of the formulation. Comparing the values of the contact angle on skin of non‐ionic surfactants, as ethylhexyl hydroxystearate and Polysorbate 20, they showed values lower (near to zero) than ones of sodium laureth sulphate and Stearalkonium Chloride (21.7° and 66.8°, respectively). Finally, finished cosmetic products tested on human skin showed different profile: corresponded contact angle values were less than 20°. The product tended to be quickly adsorbed on human skin.ConclusionSystematic study carried out by evaluating the wettability of single cosmetic ingredients on different substrates allowed to find correlations between the use of certain ingredients and the final performance of a cosmetic product.
Physicochemical characterisation, digestibility and anticonstipation activity of some high‐resistant untraditional starches from zingiberaceae plants
Authors: Mao Xinhui , Huang Hanhan , Li Xia , Wang Tingting , Chen Xuetao , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: January 2017

SummaryTo find new starch sources with particular characteristics, five untraditional starches from zingiberaceae plants were studied about their physicochemical properties, digestibility and anticonstipation activity and compared with starches from traditional sources (potato and corn). All the five starches presented the shape of triangular, with visible thin sheet, which were significantly different from conventional sources. The crystal type of these five starches was B‐type pattern. Swelling power at 75 °C was negatively correlated with crystallinity. There was no significant difference in amylose content between starches from rhizome and tuber of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val., while they displayed significant variability in RS content. Starches from rhizome of Curcuma kwangsiensis, Curcuma wenyujin, Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. and Curcuma longa L. possessed much higher resistant starch content (range from 87.06% to 95.40%) and could better prevent constipation than potato and corn starches, which made them potential for managing diabetes and improving defecation conditions.
Polyphenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of native‐ and tannase‐treated green tea extracts
Authors: Ong Chong‐Boon , Annuar Mohamad S. M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe antioxidant activities of native‐ and tannase‐treated green tea extracts along with their major polyphenol components were investigated. The polyphenolic content and composition of the tea before and after tannase treatment were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Approximately 99% of the (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (−)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) in green tea extract were converted by tannase to (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and (−)‐epicatechin (EC), respectively, after 30 min. Biotransformed green tea exhibited a significantly higher DPPH˙ radical scavenging activities than native green tea (EC50 value of 0.024 ± 0.001 and 0.044 ± 0.001 mg mL−1, respectively). Kinetic parameters such as scavenging rate and stoichiometry were calculated. The rate of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activities for tannase‐treated green tea extract was shown to be higher than native green tea extract.
Lifestyle changes in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Wu Yi‐Chen , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Lai Fu‐Chih , Wei Jeng , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Wu Shu‐Fang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to understand the lifestyle; examine the relationships among lifestyle, medical factors, and stress status; and determine the predictors of better lifestyle in heart transplant recipients in Taiwan. A prospective design with convenience sampling was used. Data were collected through the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile‐II and demographic questionnaires, which included personal information, stress status, and medical information. Pearson correlations, 1‐way analysis of variance, independent t tests, paired t tests, and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the factors related to better lifestyle. A total of 80 heart transplant recipients participated. The mean score for lifestyle decreased from baseline to 3 months and was even lower at 6 months. Nevertheless, the trend for some participants was the opposite—their lifestyle improved over the 6‐month period after baseline. Notably, the trend for each of the 6 subscales was not consistent with the mean of the total score. Stress status accounted for 12.8% of lifestyle. When stress status was combined with family income and creatinine, the 3 factors accounted for 32.2% of lifestyle. This study demonstrated that maintenance of a healthy lifestyle fluctuates after transplantation. Demographic factors and stress status can help to identify people who are more likely to have a poor lifestyle.
Boosting of post‐exposure human T‐cell and B‐cell recall responses in vivo by Burkholderia pseudomallei‐related proteins
Authors: Nithichanon Arnone , Gourlay Louise J. , Bancroft Gregory J. , Ato Manabu , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBurkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease with high incidence and mortality in South East Asia and northern Australia. To date there is no protective vaccine and antibiotic treatment is prolonged and not always effective. Most people living in endemic areas have been exposed to the bacteria and have developed some immunity, which may have helped to prevent disease. Here, we used a humanized mouse model (hu‐PBL‐SCID), reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seropositive donors, to illustrate the potential of three known antigens (FliC, OmpA and N‐PilO2) for boosting both T‐cell and B‐cell immune responses. All three antigens boosted the production of specific antibodies in vivo, and increased the number of antibody and interferon‐γ‐secreting cells, and induced antibody affinity maturation. Moreover, antigen‐specific antibodies isolated from either seropositive individuals or boosted mice, were found to enhance phagocytosis and oxidative burst activities from human polymorphonuclear cells. Our study demonstrates that FliC, OmpA and N‐PilO2 can stimulate human memory T and B cells and highlight the potential of the hu‐PBL‐SCID system for screening and evaluation of novel protein antigens for inclusion in future vaccine trials against melioidosis.
Precise observation of C. elegans dynamic behaviours under controlled thermal stimulus using a mobile phone–based microscope
Authors: YOON T. , SHIN D.‐M. , KIM S. , LEE S. , LEE T.G. , KIM K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe investigated the temperature‐dependent locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans by using the mobile phone–based microscope. We developed the customized imaging system with mini incubator and smartphone to effectively control the thermal stimulation for precisely observing the temperature‐dependent locomotory behaviours of C. elegans. Using the mobile phone–based microscope, we successfully followed the long‐term progress of specimens of C. elegans in real time as they hatched and explored their temperature‐dependent locomotory behaviour. We are convinced that the mobile phone–based microscope is a useful device for real time and long‐term observations of biological samples during incubation, and can make it possible to carry out live observations via wireless communications regardless of location. In addition, this microscope has the potential for widespread use owing to its low cost and compact design.
Effect of dietary dry matter intake on endogenous nitrogen flows in growing lambs
Authors: Gao W. , Gao X. , Chen A. , Zhang F. , Chen D. , Liu C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe effect of dietary dry matter intake (DMI) on endogenous nitrogen (N) flows at different part of the digestive tract of growing lambs was determined using a 15N isotope dilution technique. Three Kazakh male lambs (30 ± 2.75 kg of body weights and 4 months old, average daily gain 200 g/day) were fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae and raised in metabolic cage individually. The experiment was conducted in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three lambs, three DMI levels (1100, 920 and 736 g/day respectively) and three periods. Each period lasted 18 days, consisting of 10 days for adaptation, 8 days for the continuous infusion of l‐[15N]leucine, during which the intestinal flow of N and 15N enrichment were determined. The total endogenous secretions in the forestomach (Sfs) were decreased (p = 0.0512) with increased level of DMI. On the contrary, endogenous nitrogen (EN) secretions into the small intestine (Si) increased (p = 0.0249) significantly with the high level of DMI (HI) group compared with that of low level of DMI (LI). Total absorption from forestomach was reduced (p = 0.0121) with increased level of DMI, whereas total absorption from small intestine for HI group increased (p = 0.0116) significantly compared with that of LI treatment. The real digestibility of N in the rumen accompanied with the increase in feed intake is decreased (p = 0.081). In contrast, there were no effects of DMI level on the computed real digestibility of N across both small intestine and whole tract. The results of this study indicate that the total flows of EN at duodenum may be unaffected by the level of DMI; however, the EN flow at ileal level increased from 12% to 37% with the increase in DMI level, corresponding to 33% of total N flow at ileum.
Effects of corn distillers dried grains with solubles on performance, oxidative status, intestinal immunity and meat quality of Chinese Yellow broilers
Authors: Ruan D. , Jiang S. Q. , Hu Y. J. , Ding F. Y. , Fan Q. L. , Chen F. , Lin X. J. , Li L. , Wang Y. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe study assessed the effects of different dietary levels of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on performance, oxidation status, intestinal immunity and meat quality in Chinese Yellow broilers aged from 1 to 63 days. Lingnan male hatchings (1440) were randomly assigned to six treatments, each consisting of six replicates of 40 birds. The basal diet (I) was a typical corn–soya bean ration while the experimental diets (II to VI) partially substituted corn DDGS for soya bean meal. The level of substitution in starter, grower and finisher diets was as follows: II, 2%, 4% then 6%; III, 4%, 8% then 12%; IV, 6%, 12% then 18%; V, 8%, 16% then 24%; VI, 10%, 20% then 30%. Average daily feed intake and feed‐to‐gain ratio increased as linear responses to corn DDGS substitution from 1 to 21 days (p < 0.001). The plasma content of triglycerides and liver content of malondialdehyde increased as linear responses to corn DDGS substitution (p < 0.05). There was a linear decrease (p < 0.001) in jejunal abundance of IL‐6 transcripts, with a substantial reduction to approximately 25% those of broilers fed the control diet, and a quadratic effect existed for secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) (p < 0.001). In addition, increased dietary corn DDGS caused favourable changes in selected functional properties of the meat: drip loss at 24 and 96 h increased as linear response to corn DDGS substitution (p < 0.001). Further, meat colour L* values decreased and a* values increased linearly in response to increasing corn DDGS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, diet IV (6%, 12% then 18% corn DDGS) in Chinese Yellow broiler diets had no negative effects on performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality. This level of inclusion also appeared to promote sIgA secretion and enhance anti‐inflammatory status.