bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 2 study of inotuzumab ozogamicin in patients with indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma refractory to rituximab alone, rituximab and chemotherapy, or radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Goy Andre , Forero Andres , Wagner‐Johnston Nina , Christopher Ehmann W. , Tsai Michaela , Hatake Kiyohiko , Ananthakrishnan Revathi , Volkert Angela , Vandendries Erik , Ogura Michinori 
Published: April 2016

This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) in patients with indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) refractory to rituximab alone, rituximab plus chemotherapy or anti‐CD20 radioimmunotherapy. Patients received InO 1·8 mg/m2 intravenously on a 28‐d cycle for a planned 4–8 cycles. The initial InO dose and schedule could be adjusted for tolerability and patients were allowed to receive 2 additional cycles (up to 8 total) after achieving a complete response (CR). The primary endpoint was overall response. Eighty‐one patients were enrolled, among whom 48 (59%) received ≥3 InO cycles and 13 (16%) completed the treatment phase. The overall response rate was 67% (CR, 31%). Median (95% confidence interval) progression‐free survival was 12·7 (8·9–26·9) months; median overall survival was not reached. Haematological adverse events (AEs) were common, particularly thrombocytopenia (74%) and neutropenia (56%). These were also the most common AEs leading to treatment discontinuation (37% and 11%, respectively); 58% of patients reported AEs leading to treatment discontinuation. InO demonstrated robust activity in these heavily pretreated patients, although treatment duration was limited by haematological toxicities. Additional studies may determine dosing regimens that allow for reduced toxicity.
Outcomes of high‐complexity renal tumours with a Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) score of ≥10 after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy with a median 46.5‐month follow‐up: a tertiary centre experience
Authors: Abdel Raheem Ali , Alatawi Atalla , Kim Dae K. , Sheikh Abulhasan , Alabdulaali Ibrahim , Han Woong K. , Choi Young D. , Rha Koon H. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo compare perioperative trifecta achievement and long‐term oncological and functional outcomes between patients with renal tumours of low [Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) score 6–7], intermediate (PADUA score 8–9) and high (PADUA score ≥10) complexity undergoing robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), and to determine predictors for trifecta achievement.Patients and MethodsData were retrospectively analysed from 295 patients, who underwent RAPN, between 2006 and 2015, at a high‐volume tertiary centre. Trifecta achievement was the primary outcome measurement. The perioperative parameters and long‐term oncological and functional outcomes were the secondary outcome measures. Groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis H test or chi‐square test. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the most important determinant variables associated with trifecta accomplishment. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and cancer‐free survival (CFS).ResultsOf the 295 patients, 121 (41%) had a PADUA score of ≥10. Patients in the high‐complexity PADUA group had larger tumours (P ≤ 0.001), higher clinical stages ≥T1b (P < 0.001), an increased risk of malignancy (P = 0.02), longer warm ischaemia time (P = 0.0030), and higher estimated blood loss (P = 0.001) compared with those in the intermediate‐ and low‐complexity groups. Seven of eight patients who were converted to radical nephrectomy had high‐complexity tumours (P = 0.02). Trifecta achievement was less in the high‐complexity PADUA group (P < 0.001). Renal functional outcomes did not differ among the groups at follow‐up (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups for OS (P = 0.314), CSS (P = 0.228) and CFS (P = 0.532). In multivariable analysis, the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, operative time and tumour size were independent predictors of trifecta achievement (P = 0.001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionHigh‐complexity PADUA tumours are associated with a lower rate of trifecta achievement; however, long‐term oncological and functional outcomes seem to be equivalent among high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐complexity tumours. Despite the perioperative outcomes; high‐complexity tumours can be handled successfully via the robotic approach and the improved long‐term oncological and functional outcomes might be considered useful for patients counselling.
Robot‐assisted technique for Boari flap ureteric reimplantation: replicating the techniques of open surgery in robotics
Authors: Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Rai Bhavan P , Do Minh , Dietel Anja , Liatsikos Evangelos , Ganzer Roman , Qazi Hasan , Meneses Aurus Dourado , Kallidonis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe our robot‐assisted Boari flap ureteric reimplantation (RA‐BFUR) technique, Please see Video S1.MethodsThe RA‐BFUR technique is based on the open surgical technique of Übelhör, and the experience includes 11 cases.ResultsExcellent results were achieved after a mean follow‐up period of >12 months.ConclusionThe RA‐BFUR technique could be considered a safe and effective method of ureteric reimplantation for long distal ureteric strictures.
Detecting positive surgical margins: utilisation of light‐reflectance spectroscopy on ex vivo prostate specimens
Authors: Lay Aaron H. , Wang Xinlong , Morgan Monica S. C. , Kapur Payal , Liu Hanli , Roehrborn Claus G. , Cadeddu Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of light‐reflectance spectroscopy (LRS) to detect positive surgical margins (PSMs) on ex vivo radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.Materials and MethodsA prospective evaluation of ex vivo RP specimens using LRS was performed at a single institution from June 2013 to September 2014. LRS measurements were performed on selected sites on the prostate capsule, marked with ink, and correlated with pathological analysis. Significant features on LRS curves differentiating malignant tissue from benign tissue were determined using a forward sequential selection algorithm. A logistic regression model was built and randomised cross‐validation was performed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for LRS predicting PSM were calculated.ResultsIn all, 50 RP specimens were evaluated using LRS. The LRS sensitivity for Gleason score ≥7 PSMs was 91.3%, specificity 92.8%, accuracy 92.5%, PPV 73.2%, NPV 99.4%, and the AUC was 0.960. The LRS sensitivity for Gleason score ≥6 PSMs was 65.5%, specificity 88.1%, accuracy 83.3%, PPV 66.2%, NPV 90.7%, and the AUC was 0.858.ConclusionsLRS can reliably detect PSMs for Gleason score ≥7 prostate cancer in ex vivo RP specimens.
Toxicity and efficacy of salvage carbon 11‐choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography‐guided radiation therapy in patients with lymph node recurrence of prostate cancer
Authors: Fodor Andrei , Berardi Genoveffa , Fiorino Claudio , Picchio Maria , Busnardo Elena , Kirienko Margarita , Incerti Elena , Dell'Oca Italo , Cozzarini Cesare , Mangili Paola , Pasetti Marcella , Calandrino Riccardo , Gianolli Luigi , Di Muzio Nadia G 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo report the 3‐year toxicity and outcomes of carbon 11 (11C)‐choline‐positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)‐guided radiotherapy (RT), delivered via helical tomotherapy (HTT; Tomotherapy® Hi‐Art II® Treatment System, Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) after lymph node (LN) relapses in patients with prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsFrom January 2005 to March 2013, 81 patients with biochemical recurrence after surgery, with or without adjuvant/salvage RT or radical RT, and with evidence of LN 11C‐choline‐PET/CT pathological uptake, underwent HTT (median [range] prostate‐specific antigen level 2.59 [0.61–187] ng/mL). Of the 81 patients, 72 were treated at the pelvic and/or lumbar‐aortic LN chain with HTT at 51.8 Gy/28 fr and with simultaneous integrated boost to a median dose of 65.5 Gy on the pathological uptake sites detected by 11C‐choline‐PET/CT. Nine patients were treated without simultaneous integrated boost (50–65.5 Gy, 25–30 fr).ResultsWith a median (range) follow‐up of 36 (9–116) months, 91.4% of the patients had a PSA reduction 3 months after HTT. The 3‐year overall, local relapse‐free and clinical relapse‐free survival rates were 80.0, 89.8 and 61.8%, respectively. The 3‐year actuarial incidences of ≥grade 2 rectal and ≥grade 2 genitourinary toxicity were 6.6% (±2.9%) and 26.3% (±5.5%), respectively. A PSA nadir of ≥0.26 ng/mL (hazard ratio [HR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–7.7; P = 0.001), extrapelvic 11C‐choline‐PET/CT‐positive LN location (HR 2.4, 95% CI 0.9–6.4; P = 0.07), RT previous to HTT (HR 2.7; 95% CI 1.07–6.9, P = 0.04) and number of positive LNs (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22; P = 0.003) were the main predictors of clinical relapse after HTT.Conclusions11C‐choline‐PET/CT‐guided HTT is safe and effective in the treatment of LN relapses of prostate cancer in previously treated patients.
CORRUPTION AND MICROCREDIT INTEREST RATES: DOES REGULATION HELP?
Authors: Al‐Azzam Moh'd 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTMisunderstandings about the structure of microcredit interest rates continue to generate rich criticism of the industry's high interest rates. Research has focused attention on the cost structure of interest rates and, more recently, on macroeconomic and macro‐institutional factors. While the cost structure is probably the most important determinant of interest rates, other factors also matter. In addition to other important results that usually validate the empirical literature, this paper finds that microcredit interest rates respond positively to corruption. The analysis shows that there is asymmetry between the effects of corruption, depending on whether or not the MFIs are regulated. While corruption has a positive and significant impact on interest rates of unregulated MFIs, it has a negligible impact on interest rates of regulated MFIs.
Hypertension in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Maccabee‐Ryaboy Nadia , Thomas William , Kyllo Jennifer , Lteif Aida , Petryk Anna , Gonzalez‐Bolanos Maria Teresa , Hindmarsh Peter C , Sarafoglou Kyriakie 
Published: April 2016

SummaryObjectivesEstimates of high blood pressure (BP) incidence in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) vary widely; risk factors are poorly understood. We estimated incidence of hypertension by CAH subtype and sex, and assessed its association with body mass index, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone.DesignLongitudinal.PatientsChart review of 180 paediatric CAH patients (120 salt wasting; 60 simple virilizing; 93 females) seen from 1970 to 2013.MeasurementsHigh BP was diagnosed by diastolic or systolic blood pressure measurement ≥95th percentile for age, sex and height; hypertension was diagnosed with high BP on at least three clinic visits.ResultsChildren with classic CAH who received fludrocortisone had a significantly higher rate of hypertension (55% vs 31%) than those who did not. Hypertension incidence was higher in salt‐wasting CAH (58%) than in simple‐virilizing CAH (35%). Hypertension first occurred before age 5 years in 91% of salt‐wasting males and 50% of cases in salt‐wasting females; most simple‐virilizing cases occurred during ages 10–18 years. Rates of hypertension were higher in children who had three or more measurements with 17‐OHP < 400 ng/dl (12·12 nmol/l), and this difference was significant in salt‐wasting males. Children on fludrocortisone who had three or more readings of 17‐OHP < 400 ng/dl (12·12 nmol/l) had a significantly higher rate of hypertension than those who did not. Hydrocortisone dose was not associated with hypertension.ConclusionChildren with CAH are at higher risk for hypertension than the general paediatric population, and incidence differs by sex and CAH subtype. Hypertension was higher in children on fludrocortisone and who were oversuppressed.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a 2‐year follow‐up study: how well does the patient remember the result of patch testing?
Authors: Brok Line , Clemmensen Kim K. B. , Carøe Tanja K. , Ebbehøj Niels E. , Agner Tove 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundPatch testing is mandatory for diagnosing contact dermatitis. It is, however, crucial that patients understand and remember the result of the test.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of patch testing with respect to patients' ability to remember patch test results and the results of natural rubber latex protein allergy after 2 years.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐nine patients diagnosed with relevant occupational epoxy or rubber chemical contact allergy, or allergy to natural rubber latex protein, were invited to participate in a questionnaire study about their knowledge of contact allergies after 2 years.ResultsThe response rate was 75%. Of the respondents, 13% did not remember their occupational contact allergy to rubber chemicals or epoxy. Ability to remember was not significantly influenced by sex or Dermatology Life Quality Index, but was decreased by age >60 years (p < 0.01). Of patients with an additional contact allergy, <36% remembered this correctly. Of patients allergic to natural rubber latex proteins, 50% remembered this correctly.ConclusionsThe impact of patch testing depends on the patients' ability to understand and remember the results of the test. Attention should be drawn to the importance of this, and patients with increased need for information should be identified.
Total inflammation in early protocol kidney graft biopsies does not predict progression of fibrosis at one year post‐transplant
Authors: Dörje Christina , Reisæter Anna Varberg , Dahle Dag Olav , Mjøen Geir , Midtvedt Karsten , Holdaas Hallvard , Flaa‐Johnsen Linda , Syversveen Trygve , Hartmann Anders , Jenssen Trond , Scott Helge , Reinholt Finn P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionThere is an uncertainty whether total inflammation in early protocol kidney graft biopsies is associated with fibrosis progression. We investigated whether total inflammation, both in fibrotic and non‐fibrotic areas, at week 6 would predict fibrosis progression at one yr post‐transplant.MethodsWe included 156 single adult ABO compatible kidney recipients with adequate week 6 and one yr transplant protocol biopsies (312 biopsies). Biopsies were scored according to the current Banff criteria. In addition, fibrosis and inflammation in fibrotic and non‐fibrotic areas were scored in a 10‐grade semi‐quantitative eyeballing system from 0% to 100%.ResultsFibrosis increased significantly from week 6 to one yr both by the 10‐grade scoring system from 0.69 ± 1.07 to 1.45 ± 1.86, (mean ± SD), p < 0.001 and by Banff interstitial fibrosis (ci) scoring 0.81 ± 0.65 to 1.13 ± 0.87, p < 0.001. The 10‐grade scoring system detected a larger proportion of fibrosis progressors than the Banff scoring 40.4% vs. 35.5%, p < 0.001. No significant positive association was found between inflammation at week 6 and progression of fibrosis in either of the scoring systems.ConclusionsTotal inflammation in kidney transplant biopsies at week 6 did not predict progression of fibrosis at one yr post‐transplant.
The Paramount Importance of Experience and Situations in Dewey's Democracy and Education
Authors: Hildebrand David L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this essay, David Hildebrand connects Democracy and Education to Dewey's wider corpus. Hildebrand argues that Democracy and Education's central objective is to offer a practical and philosophical answer to the question, What is needed to live a meaningful life, and how can education contribute? He argues, further, that this work is still plausible as “summing up” Dewey's overall philosophy due to its focus upon “experience” and “situation,” crucial concepts connecting Dewey's philosophical ideas to one another, to education, and to democracy. He opens the essay with a brief synoptic analysis of Democracy and Education's major philosophical ideas, moves on to sections devoted to experience and situation, and then offers a brief conclusion. Some mention is made throughout about the surprisingly significant role art and aesthetics can play in education.
Beyond the Search for Truth: Dewey's Humble and Humanistic Vision of Science Education
Authors: Waddington David I. , Weeth Feinstein Noah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this essay, David Waddington and Noah Weeth Feinstein explore how Dewey's conception of science can help us rethink the way science is done in schools. The authors begin by contrasting a view of science that is implicitly accepted by many scientists and science educators — science as a search for truth — with Dewey's instrumentalist, technological, and nonrealist conception of science. After demonstrating that the search‐for‐truth conception is closely linked to some ongoing difficulties with science curricula that students find particularly alienating, they then analyze some of the educational opportunities that Dewey's vision opens up. Ultimately, Waddington and Weeth Feinstein argue that Dewey offers a humble and humanistic vision of science and science education practice that captures the power of science by connecting it clearly to everyday human activities and challenges.
Growth and Resistance: How Deweyan Pragmatism Reconstructs Social Justice Education
Authors: Nelsen Peter J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhile Democracy and Education is often cited within the scholarship on and teaching of social justice education, it and Dewey's work generally remain underutilized. Peter Nelsen argues in this essay that Deweyan pragmatism offers rich resources for social justice education by exploring how Dewey's three‐part conception of growth has both analytical and normative force. Nelsen makes this case by examining student resistance to engagement with social justice issues, and concludes from this analysis that resistance is an opportunity for growth. Furthermore, rather than being a precursor to critical engagement with ideas, Nelsen contends that creating collaborative environments that foster interdependence across group memberships might be as important as the critical engagement itself.
Sex Differences in Discrimination of Shoal Size in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Lucon‐Xiccato Tyrone , Dadda Marco , Bisazza Angelo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor a diversity of species, differences in sexual and parental roles, along with differences in body morphology, often result in males and females having different diets, distinct predators and even different patterns of habitat use. As a consequence, the two sexes often face different environmental challenges and selection may favour the evolution of sex differences in cognition. We tested this prediction in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Under perceived hazard, individual guppies join the larger available social group, a behaviour that is thought to minimise predation risk. In this species, females are more frequently exposed to predation and more averse to predation risk; we therefore expected greater accuracy in shoal size discrimination in females. We compared the accuracy of male and female guppies in discriminating shoals of 4 and 6 conspecifics, which represents the upper limit of discrimination for this species. Overall, we found no sex differences in the accuracy of discriminating the two shoals. However, while females showed this ability at the beginning of the test, males began to select the larger group only after several minutes. In three control experiments, we found indications that this sex difference cannot be accounted for by differences in motivation or antipredator strategies between the two sexes, suggesting female guppies are more efficient at rapidly estimating shoal size.
Assessment of crack tip plastic zone size and shape and its influence on crack tip shielding
Authors: Vasco‐Olmo J. M. , James M. N. , Christopher C. J. , Patterson E. A. , Díaz F. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for the experimental quantification of the crack tip plastic zone during fatigue crack growth. It is based on the application of yielding criteria to estimate the area and shape of the crack tip plastic zone using both the von Mises and Tresca yield criteria. The technique employs strain maps calculated from displacement fields obtained by digital image correlation. Stress maps were subsequently found by applying these yield criteria. Fatigue cracks were grown in compact tension specimens made from commercially pure titanium at R ratios of 0.1 and 0.6, and the ability was explored of three different analytical elastic crack tip displacement models [Westergaard, Williams and Christopher–James–Patterson (CJP)], to predict shape and size of the crack tip plastic zone. This analysis indicated that the CJP model provided the most accurate prediction of the experimentally obtained plastic zone size and shape.
Strong impacts of daily minimum temperature on the green‐up date and summer greenness of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shen Miaogen , Piao Shilong , Chen Xiaoqiu , An Shuai , Fu Yongshuo H. , Wang Shiping , Cong Nan , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding vegetation responses to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) helps in elucidating the land–atmosphere energy exchange, which affects air mass movement over and around the TP. Although the TP is one of the world's most sensitive regions in terms of climatic warming, little is known about how the vegetation responds. Here, we focus on how spring phenology and summertime greenness respond to the asymmetric warming, that is, stronger warming during nighttime than during daytime. Using both in situ and satellite observations, we found that vegetation green‐up date showed a stronger negative partial correlation with daily minimum temperature (Tmin) than with maximum temperature (Tmax) before the growing season (‘preseason’ henceforth). Summer vegetation greenness was strongly positively correlated with summer Tmin, but negatively with Tmax. A 1‐K increase in preseason Tmin advanced green‐up date by 4 days (P < 0.05) and in summer enhanced greenness by 3.6% relative to the mean greenness during 2000–2004 (P < 0.01). In contrast, increases in preseason Tmax did not advance green‐up date (P > 0.10) and higher summer Tmax even reduced greenness by 2.6% K−1 (P < 0.05). The stimulating effects of increasing Tmin were likely caused by reduced low temperature constraints, and the apparent negative effects of higher Tmax on greenness were probably due to the accompanying decline in water availability. The dominant enhancing effect of nighttime warming indicates that climatic warming will probably have stronger impact on TP ecosystems than on apparently similar Arctic ecosystems where vegetation is controlled mainly by Tmax. Our results are crucial for future improvements of dynamic vegetation models embedded in the Earth System Models which are being used to describe the behavior of the Asian monsoon. The results are significant because the state of the vegetation on the TP plays an important role in steering the monsoon.