bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on clustered routing optimization-based improved ant colony algorithm
Authors: Long Xin , Wang Jianxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses limitations in the traditional LEACH protocol, characterized by singular considerations in cluster head election and a single-hop data transfer mode, leading to imbalanced network electricity and early node depletion. An enhanced LEACH protocol is proposed, incorporating an improved ant colony algorithm. During cluster head election, the algorithm integrates energy, distance, and density factors to calculate the probability of node election, choosing the most suitable candidate. To create links and speed up data transfer, the method uses the augmented ant colony algorithm to select the finest routes from each cluster head to the Sink during the data transmission phase. The outcomes of the simulation experiment demonstrate the improved protocol performs more effectively in balancing network energy usage, boosting network data gathering, and prolonging network lifetime compared to the traditional LEACH protocol.
A classification method for composite power quality disturbance based on model-agnostic meta-learning under small sample condition
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Hange 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The classification of composite power quality disturbances (CPQD) in complex power system environments faces challenges due to model establishment and limited sample size, thereby limiting the effectiveness of traditional classification algorithms. This paper proposes a CPQD classification method tailored for small samples, leveraging the model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) algorithm to address these issues. Analyzing the MAML algorithm, a CPQD classification network is built and implemented, and a CPQD classification comparison experiment is designed. Results demonstrate that, even with a mere five samples, the proposed method significantly improves classification accuracy by at least 20% compared to DT, KNN, and CNN. This innovation provides a viable new approach for CPQD classification in small sample conditions.
Numerical characteristics of DC breakdown and paschen curve of CF3I-N2 mixtures at low pressure
Authors: Wu Yifan , Wu Hao , Gao Jiamao , Yu Shimin , Chen Zhipeng , Jiang Wei , Wang Zhijiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the DC breakdown characteristics of CF3I-N2 mixtures at low pressure are investigated and compared with those of pure CF3I to assess their insulating properties. Utilizing the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MC) model, we explore the breakdown process in detail, analyzing electron and ion kinetics across various phases. Our findings reveal that the CF3I-N2 mixture exhibits a faster breakdown rate than pure CF3I but requires more time to achieve a steady state. Additionally, we examine the Paschen curve of CF3I-N2 at varying pressures, discovering that the insulating performance improves with higher CF3I proportions at increased pressures. This study contributes to understanding the insulating behavior of CF3I-N2 mixtures, offering insights for their application in environmentally friendly high-voltage insulation technologies.
Study on intensive grounding design of UHV DC transmission lines in permafrost regions based on conductive concrete foundation
Authors: Zeng Qinghe , Wang Xiaoqing , Li Wenrong , Yang Yueguang , Zhou Jiayi , Chen Jiale , Nie Pei , Shen Zheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The tower grounding device plays an indispensable role in the lightning protection and grounding of transmission lines. Reducing the grounding resistance of the tower grounding device is an important means to improve the lightning resistance of the line. However, the difficulty of reducing resistance in permafrost areas is a major challenge in engineering. Currently, there is still a lack of intensive grounding solutions in permafrost areas. Based on this, this article proposes two grounding devices using a conductive concrete foundation, establishes simulation calculation models using the boundary element method (BEM), studies the grounding characteristics under different structural parameters, and obtains an intensive grounding design plan for transmission lines in permafrost regions, providing practical design references for the intensive grounding design of transmission lines in permafrost regions.
Distributed cooperative planning for multi-agent electricity energy substitutions
Authors: Gao Zihan , Zhou Min , Zhang Sirui , Fang Jinghui , Bu Fanpeng , Wang Linlin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A distributed bi-level cooperative planning model for multi-agent electricity energy substitutions is established in this paper. The upper layer establishes the regional power flow model for distribution networks in this model. In contrast, the lower layer determines capacities and sizes for industrial electric boilers, building electric heat pumps, and agricultural electric flue-curing tobacco machines in different nodes. The connection between the upper and lower layers is crucial for maintaining power balance. A bi-level optimization algorithm is applied to address this issue to enable autonomous decision-making and facilitate electricity energy substitutions. Case analysis is then conducted to validate the proposed model’s effectiveness.
Simulation study on single-event burnout of 550 V double RESURF SOI Lateral IGBT
Authors: Zhao Chongning , Hu Dongqing , Zheng Yuechao , Jia Yunpeng , Zhou Xintian , Wu Yu , Tang Yun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Providing an additional hole extraction path can significantly enhance the resistance to single-event radiation of SOI-LIGBT devices. This paper designs a 550 V Double RESURF SOI-LIGBT device and studies its single-event effects through simulation. The results indicate that the designed NCSP-LIGBT structure significantly improves resistance to single-event radiation without excessively sacrificing conduction performance.
A novel array connection strategy for improving power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems during localized shading
Authors: Chen Yichao , Wang Yizhou , Li Zichao , Zhu Yichao , Sun Yuxiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To improve the photovoltaic (PV) system in the local shadow when the power generation efficiency, a PV module series DC/DC converter is the basic unit for a new form of photovoltaic array—distributed converter photovoltaic arrays. This paper selects the DC/DC as a buck converter. The maximum power is tracked by the buck converter with each PV module to realize the maximum power tracking of the uneven irradiation and the inconsistency of output characteristics caused by manufacturing differences and to avoid the complexity of the maximum power tracking algorithm at the same time, and to improve the system power generation efficiency significantly. The theoretical analysis of the connection method is carried out first to prove its feasibility. Finally, a string-type two-stage PV power generation system is constructed through Matlab/Simulink, and a simulation comparison between the traditional PV array and the new array is carried out. The results verify that the new array connection can significantly improve the power generation efficiency.
Microstrip antenna array reducing mutual coupling with split ring resonators branches and split ring resonators slots
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Kai , Zhao Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A compact decoupling microstrip antenna array with high isolation by using two methods, including SRR branches and SRR slots, is proposed, whose adjacent unit’s center-to-center distance is 0.35λ. Parasitic patches and air cavities are introduced to achieve broadband characteristics of antenna elements. Spatial coupling is reduced by loading SRR (Split-ring resonator) branches between two feeding elements. Moreover, surface current coupling on the floor can be blocked by SRR slots etched on the floor. Simulated and measured results reveal that the designed antenna impedance bandwidth covers 6.7GHz ~ 8.7GHz (26%). The isolation within the working frequency band is better than 22dB. The prototype of the proposed antenna is easy to fabricate, which provides a feasible solution for achieving high isolation between multiple antennas in engineering.
A data association method based on multi-radar detection of GEO targets
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Lou Dingli , Zhang Shuo , Bu Linsheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To enhance the association capability between measurements during the detection of dense geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO) targets, this article presents a data association method based on multi-radar detection of GEO targets. The proposed method utilizes range and velocity data from each radar station and employs direct solution and least squares methods to estimate the spatial position and velocity information of the targets, considering the spatial geometric relationships. Furthermore, a test statistic is constructed by using the Mahalanobis distance between the estimated and measured values of the targets’ spatial position and velocity. Finally, hypothesis testing is employed to achieve target association among different radar stations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed target association algorithm maintains a high level of correct association probability even for GEO targets with spatial distance differences in the kilometers range.
Research on outage performance of underground CR-STBC-NOMA communication system assisted by RIS
Authors: Yin Bin , Li Meiling , Ning Yonghong , Song Shizhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of the sixth-generation wireless communication network technology and smart mines, the construction of wireless communication networks in mines is becoming the key to the construction of smart mines. Due to the complex structure and diverse directions of underground tunnels, the propagation of signals in underground wireless communication networks faces problems such as shadow fading, multipath effects, and propagation blocking. A CR-STBC-NOMA (Cognitive Radio Space Time Block Coding Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) communication system model has been built for underground applications with the assistance of Reflecting Intelligent Surface (RIS) to address the aforementioned issues. Based on the power limitation conditions for secondary network users in the cognitive network of the Underlay mode, the outage probability of users in the RIS-assisted underground CR-STBC-NOMA communication system was derived. The impact of factors such as the number of RIS reflection units, fading coefficient, and power limitation threshold on system outage performance was analyzed. The outage probabilities of the CR-STBC-OMA communication scheme and the CR-STBC-NOMA scheme were compared, and it was verified that the RIS-assisted CR-STBC-NOMA scheme has better outage performance.
Research on underwater target localization technology based on active and passive electric field
Authors: Wang Haixin , Zhang Hongfeng , Geng Weizhi , Xu Yidong , Jia Peisong , Li Beiming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the issue that in view of the common underwater target electric field detection and localization technology, its electric signal attenuation in the water is faster and easy to be affected by the underwater complex environmental noise, which affects the detection performance of the problem, the paper carries out a research based on active and passive electric field detection and localization technology. First, a target electric field detection and localization system is designed. Then, two sets of basis functions in the horizontal and vertical directions are derived based on this detection system model, and then the detection and localization of underwater targets are realized by energy calculation. Finally, the image fusion algorithm of wavelet transform is adopted to further realize the detection and localization of underwater targets in a two-dimensional plane through the form of a heatmap. All the above contents are experimentally verified by simulation tools, and the experimental results show that compared with the traditional electric field detection and localization techniques for underwater targets, the method in this paper has better performance in the environment with a lower signal-to-noise ratio.
Design and simulation of an S-band RF photogun for a linac-injector for the SYLA FEL
Authors: Ashanin Ilia A. , Bondarenko Taras V. , Gusarova Mariia A. , Kliuchevskaia Yulia D. , Lalayan Mikhail V. , Polozov Sergey M. , Rashchikov Vladimir I. , Vladimirov Mikhail V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Currently,

the 4th generation synchrotron radiation source SYLA (Synchrotron + Laser)
is being developed at NRC «Kurchatov Institute». The

SYLA
will

include
of a free electron laser (FEL) and a 6 GeV storage ring with a 7BA lattice, which will allow obtaining a transverse emittance value of about 50 pm·rad. A linear accelerator for full energy is considered as both the main top-up injector into the storage ring and a driver for FEL. To generate high-brightness bunch trains for FEL, an S-band radiofrequency (RF) gun with a photocathode based on 3.5-cells π-mode standing wave accelerating structure at operating frequency of 2.8 GHz will be used. In this paper, the general concept of the RF photogun is proposed and briefly discussed. An optimization of beam dynamics is performed, electrodynamics parameters are found, fields distribution in the cavity and coaxial RF coupler are provided. Thermal analysis of the structure presented is performed.
Multifunctional nano co-delivery system for efficiently eliminating neuroblastoma by overcoming cancer heterogeneity
Authors: Huang Shungen , Yang Xian , Gao Yajuan , Huang Haoying , Li Tuanwei , Li Meng , Wu Feng , Yang Hongcao , Li Chunyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The high heterogeneity of neuroblastoma (NB) is currently the main challenge in clinical treatment, impeding the complete eradication of the tumor through monotherapy alone. In this study, we propose a combination strategy using a targeted nano co-delivery system (ADRF@Ag2Se) comprising phototheranostic agents, differentiation inducers and chemotherapy drugs for sequential therapy of NB. Upon intravenous injection, ADRF@Ag2Se demonstrates effective tumor targeting by the specific binding of AF7P to MMP14, which is overexpressed on the surface of NB cells. Subsequent implementation of local photothermal therapy (PTT) leverages the robust photothermal conversion capabilities of the amphiphilic photothermal reagent PF. This is followed by the temperature-triggered release of differentiation-inducing agent 13-cis-retinoic acid and chemo-drug doxorubicin to synergistically eliminate the residual lesions. This nanotherapeutic strategy facilitates in vivo targeted delivery and PTT under the supervision of NIR-II fluorescence, and it also enhances the chemotherapeutic response through differentiation induction of poorly differentiated cancer cells. In the NB tumor model, this co-delivery strategy effectively inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged the survival of the mice.
Detecting methane emissions from palm oil mills with airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers
Authors: Valverde Adriana , Roger Javier , Gorroño Javier , Irakulis-Loitxate Itziar , Guanter Luis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from human activities are a major cause of global warming, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. In particular, the palm oil industry generates palm oil mill (POM) effluent, which continuously emits methane into the atmosphere. Satellites are becoming a powerful tool to detect and quantify methane emissions, but there is no evidence of their ability to monitor those from POM ponds. In this work, we have tested the potential of methane-capable satellite instruments to detect and quantify emissions from these ponds. We have focused on the satellite missions with the highest sensitivity to methane emissions, namely the GHGSat commercial constellation and the PRISMA, EnMAP, and EMIT imaging spectroscopy missions. We have also tested the AVIRIS-NG airborne imaging spectrometer. We report three methane plumes from POMs in Indonesia with GHGSat and two in Colombia with AVIRIS-NG. In the cases of EnMAP, PRISMA and EMIT, we observed substantial methane concentration enhancements over several ponds in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Colombia. It remains unclear whether they are due to retrieval artifacts caused by the particular albedo of the ponds, although the low spatial correlation between those enhancements and the ponds suggests that at least a fraction of the enhancements is caused by real emissions. By leveraging advanced imaging techniques and satellite data, this research contributes to progressing strategies to address new methane emissions sources with high mitigation potential, providing a first step toward the satellite-based monitoring of methane emissions from POMs.
FROT: A Framework to comprehensively describe radiative contributions to temperature responses
Authors: Monteiro Estela A , Silvy Yona , Hohn David , Burger Friedrich A , Frölicher Thomas L , Mengis Nadine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Different human activities and associated emissions of CO2 and non-CO2 radiative forcing agents and feedbacks determine the final state of Earth’s climate. To understand and explain contributions to global temperature changes, many emission-based metrics have been employed, such as CO2-equivalent or -forcing equivalent. None of these metrics, however, include dynamic responses from Earth system feedbacks in terms of carbon and heat redistribution, known to play an increasingly important role in ambitious mitigation scenarios. Here we introduce a framework that allows for an assessment of such feedbacks in addition to CO2, non-CO2 anthropogenic forcing and natural external variability contributions. FROT (Framework for Radiative cOntributions to Temperature response) allows for an assessment of components of direct radiative impact to the system (climate forcing), as well as Earth system feedbacks concerning heat and carbon. The framework is versatile in terms of applications and allows for exploring individual components contributions to, for example, temperature stabilisation simulations, or comparisons in different models and scenarios, as it can reasonably explain their simulated temperature variability. Here, we apply FROT to both an intermediate complexity and a fully coupled Earth system model, as we simulate highly ambitious mitigation scenarios. Comparing temperature stabilisation scenarios, we can show that both net-zero CO2 emissions and small amounts of positive CO2 emissions could lead to a stable global temperature trajectory. Our assessment reveals that the effects of non-CO2 climate forcings, especially the development of sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere, and the dynamics of the carbon cycle, play a pivotal role in the final level of warming and in enabling a temperature stabilisation. Under highly ambitious climate mitigation scenarios it becomes crucial to include Earth system feedbacks, specifically ocean heat uptake, to understand interannual to decadal temperature development, since previously secondary processes now become increasingly dominant. Our framework offers the opportunity to do so.
Seasonal prediction of North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies using the LSTM machine learning method
Authors: Xu Chang , Yan Xiaoqin , Tang Youmin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Atlantic (NA) have a significant impact on the weather and climate in both local and remote regions. This study first evaluated the seasonal prediction skill of NA SSTA using the North American multi-model ensemble and found that its performance is limited across various regions and seasons. Therefore, this study constructs models based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) network machine learning method to improve the seasonal prediction of NA SSTA. Results show that the seasonal prediction skill can be significantly improved by LSTM models since they show higher capability to capture nonlinear processes such as the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on NA SSTA. This study shows the great potential of the LSTM model on the seasonal prediction of NA SSTA and provides new clues to improve the seasonal predictions of SSTA in other regions.
CVD graphene with high electrical conductivity: empowering applications
Authors: Lv Shuliang , Liu Haihui , Yan Fuchao , Lu Wenhao , Mao Boyang , Zhang Jincan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Graphene is an extraordinary material boasting a unique structure, enthralling properties, and promising application vistas. Particularly, the remarkable electrical conductivity of graphene confers it with an inimitable superiority in multiple fields. Endeavors have been continuously made to progressively elevate the conductivity of graphene materials that are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the primary means to prepare high-quality graphene in batches. From this perspective, we offer a comprehensive analysis and discussions on the growth, transfer, and post-treatment strategies evolved towards highly conductive graphene over the past five years. Large-area graphene films, ranging from monolayer to multilayer ones, are initially addressed, succeeded by graphene-based composites which enable traditional metals and non-metal materials to showcase novel or enhanced electrical performances. Eventually, an outlook for future directions to achieve higher electrical conductivity and to develop novel applications for CVD graphene materials is provided.
Towards invertible 2D crystal structure representation for efficient downstream task execution
Authors: Shibaev Egor , Ustyuzhanin Andrey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the study of MoS2 lattice defects, we explore the use of Siamese neural networks to create invariant embeddings, which respect the crystalline symmetry of the lattice. By training our model with contrastive learning, we successfully differentiate configurations with varying defects, achieving perfect accuracy in recognizing equivalent placements. Our method showcases the capability to predict physical properties like formation energy per site and the bandgap with strong performance across both low and high-defect density scenarios, outperforming traditional methods when enhanced with polynomial features. Despite its effectiveness, the model presents limitations at high defect densities, indicating a need for further refinement. Our approach lays the groundwork for reverse-engineering processes. Thus, we open pathways for generative models that can navigate from specified property ranges to optimal defect configurations, fostering an efficient solution-space exploration for bespoke material synthesis.
Local heating at the running crack tip in bcc iron according to molecular dynamics
Authors: Hora Petr , Machová Anna , Červ Jan , Kordik Jozef 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study presents estimates of a possible temperature rise at the crack tip from three dimensional (3D) atomistic simulations of fracture via molecular dynamics (MD) technique. Simulations start from an initial temperature of 0 K. The pre-existing edge crack was loaded in tension mode I. Crack initiation in MD is accompanied by surface dislocation emissions and later by a cross slip of the emitted dislocations into other slip systems. This leads both to stress waves radiation and to local heating in the plastic zone created by these dislocations. The local heating at the crack tip in the surface layers reaches a level of 480–500 K at some atoms, but an average temperature in the plastic zone is lower and depends on a chosen crack tip zone size. In the bulk crystal, where no dislocation emission (i.e. no plastic zone) has been realized, no significant heating is observed at the crack tip. MD results at the free sample surface comply with experimental data for ferritic steels with a pre-existing notch, loaded (quasi-statically) in mode I, as well as with some continuum predictions.