bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incident Ultraviolet Irradiances Influence Physiology, Development and Settlement of Larva in the Coral Pocillopora damicornis
Authors: Zhou Jie , Fan Tung‐Yung , Beardall John , Gao Kunshan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUltraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) is one of the potential factors involved in the induction of coral bleaching, loss of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium or their photosynthetic pigments. However, little has been documented on its effects on the behavior and recruitment of coral larvae, which sustains coral reef ecosystems. Here, we analyzed physiological changes in larvae of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis and examined the photophysiological performance of the symbiont algae, following exposure to incident levels of UVR and subsequently observed the development of coral larvae. The endosymbiotic algae exhibited a high sensitivity to UV‐B (295–320 nm) during a 6 h exposure, showing lowered photosynthetic performance per larva and per algal cell, whereas the presence of UV‐A (320–395 nm) significantly stimulated photosynthesis. UVR decreased chlorophyll a concentration only at higher surface temperature or at the higher doses or intensities of UVR. Correlations between UV‐absorbing compound (UVAC) contents or UVR sensitivity and temperature were identified, implying that UVACs might act as a screen or antioxidants in Pocillopora damicornis larvae. Larvae reared under UVR exposures showed lower levels of survivorship, metamorphosis and settlement, with inhibition by UV‐A being much greater than that caused by UV‐B.
Prognostic significance of Ki67 evaluated by flow cytometry in dogs with high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Poggi A. , Miniscalco B. , Morello E. , Gattino F. , Delaude A. , Ferrero Poschetto L. , Aresu L. , Gelain M. E. , Martini V. , Comazzi S. , Riondato F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKi67 can discriminate between high‐ and low‐grade canine lymphomas, but its prognostic role in specific subtypes of the neoplasm is unknown. We assessed the prognostic significance of Ki67% (percentage of Ki67‐positive cells), evaluated by flow cytometry, in 40 dogs with high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma, treated with a modified Wisconsin–Madison protocol (UW‐25). The following variables were investigated for association with lymphoma specific survival (LSS) and relapse free interval (RFI): Ki67%, breed, sex, age, stage, substage, complete remission (CR). By multivariate analysis, Ki67% (P = 0.009) and achievement ofCR(P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors forLSS. Dogs with intermediate Ki67% (20.1–40%) presented longerLSSandRFI(median = 866 and 428 days, respectively) than dogs with low (median = 42 days,P < 0.001; median = 159 days,P = 0.014) or high (median = 173 days,P = 0.038; median = 100 days,P = 0.126) values. Determination of Ki67 is a prognostic tool that improves the clinical usefulness of flow cytometric analysis in canine high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma.
Evaluation of isolated caprine pancreatic islets cytoarchitecture by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry
Authors: Hani Homayoun , Nazariah Allaudin Zeenathul , Mohd‐Lila Mohd‐Azmi , Sarsaifi Kazhal , Tengku‐Ibrahim Tengku‐Azmi , Mazni Othman Abas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic islets are composed of different hormone‐secreting cell types. A finely balanced combination of endocrine cells in the islets regulates intraportal vein secretions and plasma nutrient levels. Every islet cell type is distinguished by its specific secretory granule pattern and hormone content, endocrine and cell signaling mechanisms, and neuronal interactions. The scarcity of pancreatic islet donors for patients with diabetes has caused a considerable interest in the field of islet xenotransplantation. Previous studies have shown that cell arrangement in the pancreatic islets of ruminants differs from that of other mammals; however, caprine islet cytoarchitecture has not yet been comprehensively described. This investigation aimed to characterize caprine islets in regard to better understanding of caprine islet structure and compare with previously reported species, by conducting a detailed analysis of islet architecture and composition using confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence staining for pancreatic islet hormones.MethodologyAfter collection and purification of caprine islets with Euro‐Ficoll density gradients, islets were considered for viability and functionality procedures with DTZ (dithizone) staining and GSIST (glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion test) subsequently. Batches of islet were selected for immunostaining and study through confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.ResultsHistological sections of caprine pancreatic islets showed that α‐cells were segregated at the periphery of β‐cells. In caprine islets, α‐ and δ‐cells remarkably were intermingled with β‐cells in the mantle. Such cytoarchitecture was observed in all examined caprine pancreatic islets and was also reported for the islets of other ruminants. In both small and large caprine islets (< 150 and > 150 μm in diameter, respectively), the majority of β‐cells were positioned at the core and α‐cells were arranged at the mantle, while some single α‐cells were also observed in the islet center. We evaluated the content of β‐, α‐, and δ‐cells by confocal microscopy (n = 35, mean ± SD; 38.01 ± 9.50%, 30.33 ± 10.11%, 2.25 ± 1.10%, respectively) and flow cytometry (n = 9, mean ± SD; 37.52 ± 9.74%, 31.72 ± 4.92%, 2.70 ± 2.81%, respectively). Our findings indicate that the caprine islets are heterogeneous in cell composition. The difference could be attributed to species‐specific interaction between endocrine cells and blood.ConclusionsComparative studies of islet architecture may lead to better understanding of islet structure and cell type population arrangement. These results suggest the use of caprine islets as an addition to the supply of islets for diabetes research.
Coping with real world data: Artifact reduction and denoising for motion‐compensated cardiac C‐arm CT
Authors: Taubmann Oliver , Maier Andreas , Hornegger Joachim , Lauritsch Günter , Fahrig Rebecca 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:Detailed analysis of cardiac motion would be helpful for supporting clinical workflow in the interventional suite. With an angiographic C‐arm system, multiple heart phases can be reconstructed using electrocardiogram gating. However, the resulting angular undersampling is highly detrimental to the quality of the reconstructed images, especially in nonideal intraprocedural imaging conditions. Motion‐compensated reconstruction has previously been shown to alleviate this problem, but it heavily relies on a preliminary reconstruction suitable for motion estimation. In this work, the authors propose a processing pipeline tailored to augment these initial images for the purpose of motion estimation and assess how it affects the final images after motion compensation.Methods:The following combination of simple, direct methods inspired by the core ideas of existing approaches proved beneficial: (a) Streak reduction by masking high‐intensity components in projection domain after filtering. (b) Streak reduction by subtraction of estimated artifact volumes in reconstruction domain. (c) Denoising in spatial domain using a joint bilateral filter guided by an uncompensated reconstruction. (d) Denoising in temporal domain using an adaptive Gaussian smoothing based on a novel motion detection scheme.Results:Experiments on a numerical heart phantom yield a reduction of the relative root‐mean‐square error from 89.9% to 3.6% and an increase of correlation with the ground truth from 95.763% to 99.995% for the motion‐compensated reconstruction when the authors' processing is applied to the initial images. In three clinical patient data sets, the signal‐to‐noise ratio measured in an ideally homogeneous region is increased by 37.7% on average. Overall visual appearance is improved notably and some anatomical features are more readily discernible.Conclusions:The authors' findings suggest that the proposed sequence of steps provides a clear advantage over an arbitrary sequence of individual image enhancement methods and is fit to overcome the issue of lacking image quality in motion‐compensated C‐arm imaging of the heart. As for future work, the obtained results pave the way for investigating how accurately cardiac functional motion parameters can be determined with this modality.
The P1N-PISPO
trans
-Frame Gene of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Potyvirus Is Produced during Virus Infection and Functions as an RNA Silencing Suppressor
Authors: Mingot Ares , Valli Adrián , Rodamilans Bernardo , San León David , Baulcombe David C. , García Juan Antonio , López-Moya Juan José 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The positive-sense RNA genome of
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
(SPFMV) (genus
Potyvirus
, family
Potyviridae
) contains a large open reading frame (ORF) of 3,494 codons translatable as a polyprotein and two embedded shorter ORFs in the −1 frame: PISPO, of 230 codons, and PIPO, of 66 codons, located in the P1 and P3 regions, respectively. PISPO is specific to some sweet potato-infecting potyviruses, while PIPO is present in all potyvirids. In SPFMV these two extra ORFs are preceded by conserved G
2
A
6
motifs. We have shown recently that a polymerase slippage mechanism at these sites could produce transcripts bringing these ORFs in frame with the upstream polyprotein, thus leading to P1N-PISPO and P3N-PIPO products (B. Rodamilans, A. Valli, A. Mingot, D. San Leon, D. B. Baulcombe, J. J. Lopez-Moya, and J.A. Garcia, J Virol 89:6965–6967, 2015, doi:10.1128/JVI.00337-15). Here, we demonstrate by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry that both P1 and P1N-PISPO are produced during viral infection and coexist in SPFMV-infected
Ipomoea batatas
plants. Interestingly, transient expression of SPFMV gene products coagroinfiltrated with a reporter gene in
Nicotiana benthamiana
revealed that P1N-PISPO acts as an RNA silencing suppressor, a role normally associated with HCPro in other potyviruses. Moreover, mutation of WG/GW motifs present in P1N-PISPO abolished its silencing suppression activity, suggesting that the function might require interaction with Argonaute components of the silencing machinery, as was shown for other viral suppressors. Altogether, our results reveal a further layer of complexity of the RNA silencing suppression activity within the
Potyviridae
family.

IMPORTANCE
Gene products of potyviruses include P1, HCPro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg/NIaPro, NIb, and CP, all derived from the proteolytic processing of a large polyprotein, and an additional P3N-PIPO product, with the PIPO segment encoded in a different frame within the P3 cistron. In sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), another out-of-frame element (PISPO) was predicted within the P1 region. We have shown recently that a polymerase slippage mechanism can generate the transcript variants with extra nucleotides that could be translated into P1N-PISPO and P3N-PIPO. Now, we demonstrate by mass spectrometry analysis that P1N-PISPO is indeed produced in SPFMV-infected plants, in addition to P1. Interestingly, while in other potyviruses the suppressor of RNA silencing is HCPro, we show here that P1N-PISPO exhibited this activity in SPFMV, revealing how the complexity of the gene content could contribute to supply this essential function in members of the
Potyviridae
family.
C-Terminal DxD-Containing Sequences within Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsid Proteins Determine Matrix Protein Compatibility and Can Direct Foreign Proteins into Budding Particles
Authors: Ray Greeshma , Schmitt Phuong Tieu , Schmitt Anthony P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Paramyxovirus particles are formed by a budding process coordinated by viral matrix (M) proteins. M proteins coalesce at sites underlying infected cell membranes and induce other viral components, including viral glycoproteins and viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs), to assemble at these locations from which particles bud. M proteins interact with the nucleocapsid (NP or N) components of vRNPs, and these interactions enable production of infectious, genome-containing virions. For the paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and mumps virus, M-NP interaction also contributes to efficient production of virus-like particles (VLPs) in transfected cells. A DLD sequence near the C-terminal end of PIV5 NP protein was previously found to be necessary for M-NP interaction and efficient VLP production. Here, we demonstrate that 15-residue-long, DLD-containing sequences derived from either the PIV5 or Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein C-terminal ends are sufficient to direct packaging of a foreign protein,
Renilla
luciferase, into budding VLPs. Mumps virus NP protein harbors DWD in place of the DLD sequence found in PIV5 NP protein, and consequently, PIV5 NP protein is incompatible with mumps virus M protein. A single amino acid change converting DLD to DWD within PIV5 NP protein induced compatibility between these proteins and allowed efficient production of mumps VLPs. Our data suggest a model in which paramyxoviruses share an overall common strategy for directing M-NP interactions but with important variations contained within DLD-like sequences that play key roles in defining M/NP protein compatibilities.

IMPORTANCE
Paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases that affect both humans and animals. Paramyxovirus pathogens include measles virus, mumps virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, and the zoonotic paramyxoviruses Nipah virus and Hendra virus. Infectivity of paramyxovirus particles depends on matrix-nucleocapsid protein interactions which enable efficient packaging of encapsidated viral RNA genomes into budding virions. In this study, we have defined regions near the C-terminal ends of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid proteins that are important for matrix protein interaction and that are sufficient to direct a foreign protein into budding particles. These results advance our basic understanding of paramyxovirus genome packaging interactions and also have implications for the potential use of virus-like particles as protein delivery tools.
Autonomic Responses to Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis of the Patellar Tendon in Healthy Male Footballers
Authors: de la Cruz Torres Blanca , Albornoz Cabello Manuel , García Bermejo Paula , Naranjo Orellana José 
Published: January 2016

Background Ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) is a novel minimally invasive approach, which involves the application of a galvanic current via an acupuncture needle. As in any procedure involving needling, vagal reactions have been reported during PNE. Objective To examine for changes in autonomic activity during the US-guided PNE technique on healthy patellar tendons by measurement and analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Methods Twenty-two male footballers were randomly allocated to: a control group (11 players), for whom HRV was recorded for 10 min, both at rest and during an exhaustive US examination of the patellar tendon and adjacent structures; and an experimental group (11 players), for whom HRV was recorded for 10 min, both at rest and during application of US-guided PNE on the patellar tendon. The following HRV parameters were assessed: mean NN interval, mean heart rate, time domain parameters (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50), diameters of the Poincaré plot (SD1, SD2), stress score, and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio. Results There were no differences between groups in any baseline measurements, nor were there any significant differences between control group measurements (baseline vs intervention). The experimental group exhibited statistically significant increases in SDNN/SD1 (p=0.02/p=0.03) and SD2 (p=0.03), indicating increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic activity, respectively. Conclusions US-guided PNE was associated with an autonomic imbalance characterised by greater parasympathetic activity, which could potentially result in a vasovagal reaction. Care should be taken to monitor for adverse reactions during US-guided PNE and simple HRV indicators may have a role in early detection.
Comparing sutures versus staples for skin closure after orthopaedic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Krishnan Rohin , MacNeil S Danielle , Malvankar-Mehta Monali S 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether there still remains a significant advantage in the use of sutures to staples for orthopaedic skin closure in adult patients.DesignSystematic Review/ Meta-Analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE-OVID, EMBASE-OVID, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Grey and unpublished literature was also explored by searching: International Clinical Trial Registry, Grey Matters BIOSIS Previews, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, ClinicalTrials.gov, UK Clinical Trials Gateway, UK Clinical Research Network Study Portfolio, Open Grey, Grey Literature Report, and Web of Science.Selection criteriaArticles were from any country, written in English and published after 1950. We included all randomised control trials and observational studies comparing adults (≥18 years) undergoing orthopaedic surgery who either received staples or sutures for skin closure. The primary outcome was the incidence of surgical site infection. Secondary outcomes included closure time, inflammation, length of stay, pain, abscess formation, necrosis, discharge, wound dehiscence, allergic reaction and health-related quality of life.Results13 studies were included in our cumulative meta-analysis conducted using Review Manager V.5.0. The risk ratio was computed as a measure of the treatment effect taking into account heterogeneity. Random-effect models were applied. There was no significant difference in infection comparing sutures to staples. The cumulative relative risk was 1.06 (0.46 to 2.44). In addition, there was no difference in infection comparing sutures to staples in hip and knee surgery, respectively. Lastly, except for closure time, there was no significant difference in secondary outcomes comparing sutures to staples.ConclusionsExcept for closure time, there was no significant difference in superficial infection and secondary outcomes comparing sutures to staples was found. Given that there may in fact be no difference in effect between the two skin closure and the methodological limitations of included studies, authors should begin to consider the economic and logistic implications of using staples or sutures for skin closure.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015017481.
Referral patterns after a seizure admission in an English region: an opportunity for effective intervention? An observational study of routine hospital data
Authors: Grainger Ruth , Pearson Michael , Dixon Peter , Devonport Elizabeth , Timoney Michelle , Bodger Keith , Kirkham Jamie , Marson Anthony 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo identify emergency seizure admissions to hospital and their subsequent access to specialist outpatient services.DesignAlgorithmic analysis of anonymised routine hospital data over 7 years using specialist follow-up by 3 months as the target outcome.PopulationAll adults resident in Merseyside and Cheshire, England.Main OutcomesWhether, and when, access to the specialist advice that might prevent further admissions was offered.Results1.4% of all emergency medical admissions are as a result of seizure. In the following 12 months 35% were readmitted and experienced a mean of 2.3 emergency department visits. Only 27% (48% of those already known to specialists and 13% of those not known) were offered appointments. Subsequent attendance at a specialist clinic is more likely if already known to a clinic, if aged <35 years, if female, or required a longer spell in hospital. Extrapolation from other work suggests 100 000 bed days per annum could be saved.ConclusionsMost seizure admissions are not being referred for the help that could prevent future admissions. The majority of those that are referred are not seen within an appropriate time frame. Our service structures are not providing an optimum service for people with epilepsy.
Lay health supporters aided by a mobile phone messaging system to improve care of villagers with schizophrenia in Liuyang, China: protocol for a randomised control trial
Authors: Xu Dong (Roman) , Gong Wenjie , Caine Eric D , Xiao Shuiyuan , Hughes James P , Ng Marie , Simoni Jane , He Hua , Smith Kirk L , Brown Henry Shelton , Gloyd Stephen 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a severe, chronic and disabling mental illness. Non-adherence to medication and relapse may lead to poorer patient function. This randomised controlled study, under the acronym LEAN (Lay health supporter, e-platform, award, and iNtegration), is designed to improve medication adherence and high relapse among people with schizophrenia in resource poor settings.Methods/analysisThe community-based LEAN has four parts: (1)Lay health supporters (LHSs), mostly family members who will help supervise patient medication, monitor relapse and side effects, and facilitate access to care, (2) anE-platform to support two-way mobile text and voice messaging to remind patients to take medication; and alert LHSs when patients are non-adherent, (3) anAward system to motivate patients and strengthen LHS support, and (4) iNtegration of the efforts of patients and LHSs with those of village doctors, township mental health administrators and psychiatrists via the e-platform. A random sample of 258 villagers with schizophrenia will be drawn from the schizophrenic ‘686’ Program registry for the 9 Xiang dialect towns of the Liuyang municipality in China. The sample will be further randomised into a control group and a treatment group of equal sizes, and each group will be followed for 6 months after launch of the intervention. The primary outcome will be medication adherence as measured by pill counts and supplemented by pharmacy records. Other outcomes include symptoms and level of function. Outcomes will be assessed primarily when patients present for medication refill visits scheduled every 2 months over the 6-month follow-up period. Data from the study will be analysed using analysis of covariance for the programme effect and an intent-to-treat approach.Ethics and disseminationUniversity of Washington: 49464 G; Central South University: CTXY-150002-6. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals with deidentified data made available on FigShare.Trial registration numberChiCTR-ICR-15006053; Pre-results.