bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Moontlike Regshervorming van die Integrasiereël in die Suid-Afrikaanse Kontraktereg deur middel van die Leerstuk van Rektifikasie
Authors: Bekker Thino 
Published: April 2017

As far back as the early twentieth century the Appellate Division in Cassiem v Standard Bank of SA Ltd, held that:
“We are bound by the English rules of evidence and the question has therefore to be decided according to English law, the rule being that parol evidence is not allowed to alter, vary, or contradict a written instrument.”
The integration rule has always been an integral part of the South African law of contract where the admissibility of the presentation of extrinsic evidence of previous or collateral agreements was considered. In 1998 an extensive report was brought out by the South African Law Commission wherein certain recommendations were made to the Minister of Justice pertaining to, inter alia, the application of the integration rule in the South African law of contract. The Law Commission was of the opinion that the disadvantages of the integration rule outweighed the advantages of legal certainty and finality and recoomended that the rule be abolished and that more subjective evidence should be allowed to ascertain the true intention of the parties. The recommendations by the Law Commission however apparently died a slow death and there has been no attempt since to abolish or modify the rule in the South African legal system.
In 'n previous article the view was held that the integration rule is based on a legal rule or legal fiction and that it can therefore be validly abolished or modified by legislation. Legislation is however a drastic step which should only serve as a last resort and other alternatives should first be considered. This article considers one such a possible alternative, namely the remedy of rectification. The focus will be in particular on a brief discussion of the application of the integration rule in the South African law of contract, the field of application and scope of rectification, the relation between rectification and the integration rule, and, lastly, if rectification can be utilised to avoid the strict application of the integration rule and consequently serve as an instrument for the (indirect) abolition or modification of the rule in the South-African law of contract. The conclusion is that the remedy of rectification would in all probability not in all instances be able to avoid the strict application of the integration rule and that legislation seems to be the only workable alternative to abolish or modify the integration rule in the South African law of contract.
CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS DE UN FILTRANTE DE CINCO HIERBAS AROMÁTICAS Y ESTEVIOSIDO (Stevia rebaudina B)
Authors: Jumbo Benítez Nohemi Carmen , Guevara Pérez Américo 
Published: April 2017

<p>Se estudió la variación de la capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos de hierbas aromáticas durante el proceso para obtener un filtrante con esteviósido como edulcorante natural y se encontró que las hierbas aromáticas aumentan su capacidad antioxidante reportando en mM Trolox /100g b.s.: hierba luisa 2.049; 5.42 y 5.45, menta 4.847; 12.40 y 12.37, malva 1.011; 2.83 y 2.97, malva olorosa 5.354; 35.40 y 36.74, cola de caballo 1.254; 4.01; 4.6; en las etapas de materia prima, secado y molienda respectivamente; la malva olorosa presentó el mayor contenido de capacidad antioxidante. Las Hierbas aromáticas aumentan los compuestos fenólicos durante el proceso de obtención del filtrante reportando en mg de ácido gálico/100g de muestra b.s: hierba luisa 1745.1; 2631.29 y 2706.48, menta 5601.42; 6989.91y 7063.26, malva 4058.79; 6038.63y 5881.26, malva olorosa 5150.44; 6669.02 y 6606.38, cola de caballo 645.68; 1017.08 y 1048.40; en las etapas de materia prima, secado y molienda respectivamente; la menta fue la que presentó el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos; la mejor dosificación de esteviósido es aplicando 5% respecto a las hierbas y que la mejor formulación del filtrante. El filtrante que reporto la siguiente composición físico-química: humedad 5.69 %, proteínas 12.79%, grasa 2.39%, carbohidratos 48.3%, cenizas 14.01%, fibra 16.82% compuestos fenólicos 2973.76 mg de ácido gálico/100g de muestra b.s. y capacidad antioxidante 7.34mM Trolox/100g b.s., el valor de monocapa molecular: 0,073g de agua/g b.s. correspondiente a una actividad de agua (a<sub>w</sub>) de 0.219</p><p>Palabras claves: Compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante.</p>
Motivaciones y obstáculos para el enprendedurismo: una perspectiva de género desde los jóvenes universitarios
Authors: García Uribe Emmanuel Francisco , Ordóñez Molinar Larisa , Avilés Guillén Edgar 
Published: April 2017

<p>Cuando se habla de emprendimiento, no se puede pasar por alto la equidad de género. Se cree que la escasa implicación de las mujeres en iniciativas emprendedoras se basa entre otros, en una mayor cantidad de obstáculos en comparación con los hombres, así como la diferencia en motivaciones entre ambos géneros. Es por eso que surge la pregunta, si las diferencias presentadas en estudios similares en distintos países del mundo también se dan en México, es decir si existe una diferencia significativa en las motivaciones y obstáculos para emprender un negocio entre mujeres y hombres universitarios.</p>Este artículo hace un recorrido por conceptos que definen al emprendimiento, así como características personales del emprendedor que, sumados a políticas, programas e instituciones logran construir un entorno adecuado para la creación de nuevas empresas. Este trabajo, es una investigación cuantitativa de tipo correlacional, con un horizonte transversal, donde se tiene como objeto de estudio a estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. La evidencia sugiere que sí existe una diferencia significativa en las motivaciones para emprender un negocio entre hombres y mujeres que estudian en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Por el contrario, los obstáculos, no presentan una diferencia significativa entre los grupos
Osseous Myopericytoma Simulating a Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Bellinger Eric , John Ivy , Zaccarini Daniel , Damron Timothy A. 
Published: April 2017

Case:
Myopericytoma is a benign perivascular myoid neoplasm that typically presents in the dermal and subcutaneous soft tissues of the distal aspect of the extremities. These types of tumor form a clinicopathological spectrum with myofibromas, angiopericytomas, angioleiomyomas, and glomus tumors. Intraosseous myopericytomas are exceptionally rare, and to our knowledge, no cases of myopericytoma involving long bones previously have been described. We present a case of myopericytoma occurring in the distal aspect of the femur of a 36-year-old man.

Conclusion:
This case report describes a unique location of this tumor, which demonstrates that myopericytomas have a more diverse tropism than previously indicated.
Timing is flipping everything: Is student engagement through the flipped classroom dependent on the year of study it is introduced? A case study in Law
Authors: Hewitt Louise 
Published: April 2017

The use of the Flipped Classroom (Bergmann & Sams, 2012, Upchurch, 2013, Flipped Learning Network, 2014) in Higher Education is an exciting development for teaching. The opportunity offered by the flipped classroom, to adapt the traditional large group lecture and home study elements of a course, can lead to a more effective interactive learning environment. First -hand personal experience has confirmed the pedagogic theory: students engage in the subject matter through actively applying their understanding of the knowledge they have constructed. In the process they often surprise themselves with how much they actually know. Whilst the benefits and challenges posed by this pedagogic approach have been highlighted previously (Simmons and Swan, 2015, Stripe and Carrier, 2015), there remains an unanswered question, could engagement with the flipped classroom be dependent on the year of study it was introduced? It is possible to suggest that it does.
Linking Soil Phosphorus to Dissolved Phosphorus Losses in the Midwest
Authors: Duncan Emily W. , King Kevin W. , Williams Mark R. , LaBarge Greg , Pease Lindsay A. , Smith Douglas R. , Fausey Norman R. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Soil test phosphorus remains an important factor in studying dissolved reactive P loss.
Identifying higher risk fields with STP could inform future management practices to reduce DRP loss.
STP was linearly related to DRP concentration loads in tile‐drained fields.
Monitoring STP in addition to implementing other BMPs should be considered to decrease DRP loss.
Harmful and nuisance algal blooms resulting from excess phosphorus (P) have placed agriculture in the spotlight of the water quality debate. Sixty‐eight site years of P loading data (combined surface runoff and tile flow) from 36 fields in Ohio were used to see if a soil test P (STP) concentration could be identified that allowed P application while still meeting recommended loss thresholds. Regression analysis revealed that P application to soils with STP concentration in the “critical level” range would result in P losses above the recommended Annex 4 thresholds. In addition, fertilizer application increased the risk of dissolved reactive P (DRP) loss as compared to years in which fertilizer was not applied. We determined that STP was a good screening method to identify fields that are at risk for greater P loss, but STP alone was not a good predictor of DRP loss, suggesting that a more holistic approach that includes upland management, edge‐of‐field practices, and in‐stream approaches will be required to decrease DRP loading.
Modeling the Effects of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems on Nitrate Loads Using SWAT in an Urban Watershed of Metropolitan Atlanta
Authors: Hoghooghi Nahal , Radcliffe David E. , Habteselassie Mussie Y. , Jeong Jaehak 
Published: April 2017

Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) can be a source of nitrogen (N) pollution in both surface and ground waters. In metropolitan Atlanta, GA, >26% of homes are on OWTSs. In a previous article, we used the Soil Water Assessment Tool to model the effect of OWTSs on stream flow in the Big Haynes Creek Watershed in metropolitan Atlanta. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of OWTSs, including failing systems, on nitrate as N (NO3–N) load in the same watershed. Big Haynes Creek has a drainage area of 44 km2 with mainly urban land use (67%), and most of the homes use OWTSs. A USGS gauge station where stream flow was measured daily and NO3–N concentrations were measured monthly was used as the outlet. The model was simulated for 12 yr. Overall, the model showed satisfactory daily stream flow and NO3–N loads with Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients of 0.62 and 0.58 for the calibration period and 0.67 and 0.33 for the validation period at the outlet of the Big Haynes Watershed. Onsite wastewater treatment systems caused an average increase in NO3–N load of 23% at the watershed scale and 29% at the outlet of a subbasin with the highest density of OWTSs. Failing OWTSs were estimated to be 1% of the total systems and did not have a large impact on stream flow or NO3–N load. The NO3–N load was 74% of the total N load in the watershed, indicating the important effect of OWTSs on stream loads in this urban watershed.Core Ideas
We examined the importance of OWTSs on stream NO3–N load in the urban watershed.
The SWAT model sufficiently predicted the effect of OWTSs on NO3–N load.
The NO3–N load was the main component of the total N load in the watershed.
Long‐term Changes in Grassland Soil Phosphorus with Fertilizer Application and Withdrawal
Authors: Cade‐Menun Barbara J. , Doody Donnacha G. , Liu Corey W. , Watson Catherine J. 
Published: April 2017

Long‐term phosphorus (P) applications can increase soil P concentrations in excess of agronomic optima, posing a risk to water quality. Once fertilization stops, however, it may take time for soil P concentrations to decline. Whereas P fertilization adds orthophosphate, little is known about changes in other soil P forms during P buildup and drawdown. This study examined changes in P pools (total P, Olsen P, Mehlich P, and water‐extractable P) and P forms determined by 31P‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P‐NMR) in grazed grassland plots from Northern Ireland. Between 1994 and 1999, all plots received 8.3 kg P ha−1 yr−1 with variable rates of nitrogen (100–500 kg N ha−1 yr−1). From 2000 to 2005, plots received 0, 20, 40, or 80 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and 250 kg N ha−1 yr−1; from 2005 to 2010, no P fertilizer was applied to any plots. In 2005, soil P pool concentrations at the highest P fertilization rates were significantly elevated compared with those in 2000 but had decreased to 2000 concentrations by 2010. In soils receiving no P, soil P pool concentrations were significantly lower than those in 1994 only in 2010. There were few changes in P forms determined by P‐NMR. Orthophosphate followed the same trend observed for the soil P pools; total organic P, total inositol phosphates, and total orthophosphate monoesters and diesters were highest in 2010 in the soil receiving no P fertilizer for 10 yr. For these soils, fertilizer application and cessation influenced inorganic P more than organic P.Core Ideas
Investigated soil P forms with P fertilization and then without P fertilization.
Adding inorganic P in fertilizer increased inorganic P in soil.
Inorganic P concentrations decreased in soil after fertilizer cessation.
There were few changes in organic P during fertilization and after fertilizer cessation.
Functional Evaluation of Awareness in Vegetative and Minimally Conscious State
Authors: Marino Silvia , Bonanno Lilla , Ciurleo Rosella , Baglieri Annalisa , Morabito Rosa , Guerrera Silvia , Rifici Carmela , Giorgio Antonio , Bramanti Placido , De Stefano Nicola 
Published: April 2017

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess differences in brain activation in a large sample of Vegetative State (VS) and Minimally Conscious State (MCS) patients, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods:We studied 50 patients four to seven months after brain injury. By using international clinical criteria and validated behavioural scales such as the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Clinical Unawareness Assessment Scale, the patients were grouped intoVS(n=23) and MCS (n=27). All patients underwent to fMRI examination. After 6 months, the patients were reassessed using Glasgow Outcome Scale and Revised Coma Recovery Scale.Results:fMRI showed significant (p<0.01, cluster-corrected) brain activation in the primary auditory cortex bilaterally during the acoustic stimuli in patients with both VS and MCS. However, ten patients clinically classified as VS, showed a pattern of brain activation very similar to that of MCS patients. Six months later, these ten VS patients had significant clinical improvement, evolving into MCS, whereas the other VS patients and patients with MCS remained clinically stable.Conclusion:Brain activity could help in discerning whether the status of wakefulness inVSis also accompanied by partial awareness, as occurs in MCS. This may have very important prognostic implications.
Estimación del valor financiero de las existencias maderables de cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.) en México
Authors: Romo-Lozano José Luis , Vargas-Hernández Jesús , López-Upton Javier , Avila Angulo María Luisa 
Published: April 2017

Uno de los dos grandes rubros de la valoración económica en el ámbito de los servicios ambientales asociados con recursos naturales es la valoración con mercado. Como su nombre lo indica, esta valoración utiliza información que se genera en el proceso de intercambio del bien o servicio valorado. El presente documento contiene un esfuerzo de este tipo de valoración, desde el punto de vista financiero, del cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.) en México. En este ejercicio se aplicó el método de precios de mercado para determinar el valor monetario de su principal uso (maderable), considerando el volumen de madera de la especie existente en los bosques naturales, con base en información generada a partir de las bases de datos del inventario nacional forestal. El efecto del volumen de madera, el precio y el costo del transporte sobre el valor total se evaluó mediante un análisis de sensibilidad. El valor maderable estimado de los árboles en pie asciende a la cantidad de MXN$5 282 183 404 (USD $288 328 788, a precios de mayo de 2016). De las tres regiones consideradas en esta valoración, la región Golfo de México es la de mayor aportación. De acuerdo con el análisis de sensibilidad realizado, el precio de la madera es el principal factor que afecta el valor maderable de la especie.
O mecanismo experimental de acreditação do Mercosul (MEXA): a construção de um processo regional de certificação de qualidade de cursos de graduação
Authors: Hizume Gabriella de Camargo , Barreyro Gladys Beatriz 
Published: April 2017

Este estudo objetiva apresentar e analisar a elaboração e o desenvolvimento do Mecanismo Experimental (Mexa) que deu origem ao processo regional de acreditação de cursos universitários do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul). Para tanto, abordaram-se a concepção de seu desenho, sua aplicação, seus impactos e suas contribuições para o estabelecimento do Sistema de Acreditação Regional de Cursos Universitários. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se baseou em análise documental e em entrevistas realizadas com sujeitos que participaram da elaboração e/ou aplicação do Mecanismo, enfocando-se a atuação dos Estados-membro originários do bloco. Aferiu-se que se por um lado é possível considerar que o Mexa favoreceu a cultura da avaliação e da acreditação do ensino superior na região, trazendo como logro a construção conjunta de todo o processo por seus participantes, por outro, as limitações de seu caráter experimental eivaram de vícios o processo regional, obstaculizando sua aplicação em larga escala.
KEWIRAUSAHAAN SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG KEBERHASILAN BISNIS KONTRAKTOR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Harijanto 
Published: April 2017

Contractors as a part of construction industry run their business in many unique ways.Instead of running unique business, contractors’ business also been considered as a business invery high competition. In this bisnis environment, contractors need to implement proper businessstrategy in order to be success in their business. Entrepreneurship has been developed very rapidlybecause it has been considered as a strategy to support business success in many business areas.Considering the uniqueness of contractors’ business, therefore entrepreneurship is considered to beimplemented by contractors in many unique way comparing to other businesses. This study isaimed to find the concept of entrepreneurship for contractors. Entrepreneurship in this study willbe focused on corporate entrepreneurship which is elaborated into five dimensions: autonomy,competitive aggressiveness, innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking. Data was collected bysemi-structure interview with top managers of contractors in Indonesia. The transcript of theinterviews were analyzed using thematic analysis that is carried out manually and then continuedby using Nvivo Software. This study finds how is the implementation of those five dimensionsespecially for contractors. Abstrak: Kontraktor adalah perusahaan dalam industri konstruksi yang menjalankan usahanyadengan berbagai keunikannya. Selain bisnisnya yang unik, bisnis kontraktor juga dikategorikansebagai bisnis dengan persaingan yang tinggi. Menghadapi situasi ini, kontraktor dituntutmenjalankan strategi bisnis yang tepat sehingga mampu mendukung keberhasilan usahanya.Kewirausahaan yang telah berkembang pesat karena dijumpai mampu mendukung keberhasilanberbagai bidang usaha diharapkan akan mampu pula mendukung keberhasilan usaha kontraktor.Mengingat usaha kontraktor yang unik maka kewirausahaan untuk kontraktor juga akanmempunyai beberapa kekhususan dibandingkan kewirausahaan pada bidang usaha lain. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep kewirausahaan untuk kontraktor. Kewirausahaan padapenelitian ini difokuskan pada kewirausahaan tingkat perusahaan atau dikenal dengankewirausahaan korporasi yang dijabarkan dalam lima dimensi, yaitu: otonomi, agresif dalampersaingan, berinovasi, proaktif dalam meraih peluang dan berani mengambil risiko. Pengumpulandata dilakukan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur dengan para pimpinan kontraktor di Indonesia.Hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis tematik yang diawali analisis secaramanual yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Nvivo. Hasil penelitian inimenemukan bagaimana kelima dimensi tadi diterapkan sesuai dengan keunikan bisnis kontraktor.Kata kunci: : kewirausahaan korporasi, kontraktor, Indonesia
ALTERNATIF PENENTUAN BATAS CAIR DAN BATAS PLASTIS DENGAN TIGA VARIASI BERAT KONUS MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEE DAN FREEMAN (2009)
Authors: Widjaja Budijanto , Sundayo Priscillia 
Published: April 2017

For fine soils, the most common laboratory tests are Atterberg limits, i.e. plastic andliquid limits. This paper presents two standards for determining liquid limit: ASTM and BritishStandards. Both standards use Casagrande cup and fall cone penetrometer tests. In spite of thefact from its a dvantage and shortcoming, fall cone penetrometer tends the minimum operatormistakes comparing to Casagrande cup. Moreover, a lack for determining plastic limit using byrolling soil samples with three mm in diameter also is caused by operator error. To reduce thathuman error, Lee and Freeman recommend using fall cone penetrometer to obtain plastic andliquid limits by a combination of two distinct weight of cones. In this research, tests wereconducted using two combinations of two different weight of cones. There are 12 remoldedsamples taken from Java and Madura islands. A combination using cones with single anddouble standard weight gives a better result that a combination with single and triple standardweight. The contribution of this research at least gives an alternative way to determine plasticand liquid limits using fall cone penetrometer test. Abstrak: Untuk penyelidikan tanah geoteknik, umumnya pada tanah butir halus diujibatas-batas Atterberg yaitu berupa batas cair dan batas plastis. Makalah ini menyajikandua standar pengujian untuk batas cair yaitu standar ASTM dan British. Kedua standartersebut masing-masing menggunakan Casagrande cup dan fall cone penetrometer. Di balikkelebihan dan kekurangannya, fall cone penetrometer cenderung memberikan nilaikesalahan operator yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Casagrande cup. Selain itu,dengan standar untuk menentukan batas plastis juga memiliki kekurangakuratan karenaproses penggulungan tanah dengan diameter 3 mm tergantung kepada pengalaman operator.Dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi kesalahan manusia tersebut, Lee dan Freemanmengusulkan penggunaan fall cone penetrometer test untuk menentukan batas plastisselain batas cair dengan menggunakan kombinasi dari dua berat konus yang berbeda.Di dalam penelitian ini, pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua macamkombinasi dua berat konus yang berbeda. Sampel tanah yang diuji adalah sampelremolded sebanyak 12 buah yang tersebar lokasi pengambilan sampelnya di Pulau Jawa danMadura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi konus standar dankonus dengan berat dua kali berat konus standar memberikan hasil yang lebih baikdibandingkan dengan kombinasi konus standar dan konus dengan tiga kali berat konusstandar. Kontribusi penelitian ini sekurang-kurangnya memberikan alternatif lainpenentuan batas plastis dan batas cair dengan menggunakan fall cone penetrometer test.Kata kunci: batas cair, batas plastis, metode Lee dan Freeman, fall cone penetrometer,variasi konus