bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative electrophysiologic monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Experience with 1,381 nerves at risk
Authors: Randolph Gregory W. , Kamani Dipti 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe electrophysiologic responses of 1,381 recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) during monitored neck surgery were recorded and reviewed.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsWith institutional review board approval, we reviewed thyroid and other neck surgeries performed with intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) between the years 1995 and 2006. This list yielded consecutively monitored 1,381 RLNs, with over 3,000 hours of monitoring experience. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy. In an initial subset of patients, both hook‐wire and endotracheal tube (ETT) surface electrodes were utilized. Normative stimulation parameters; postoperative vocal cord function prognostication using monitoring data; and false‐positive, false‐negative, and passive electrophysiologic responses were evaluatedResultsHook‐wire electrodes and ETT surface electrodes were found to have good correlation in terms of amplitude (correlation coefficient, R = 0.89). Nerve stimulation of 1 to 2 mA resulted in an ipsilateral biphasic response, with 3.3 ms mean latency and 900 μV mean amplitude. Permanent and temporary RLN paralysis rates were 0% and 0.7%, respectively. Specificity of electromyography (EMG) loss of signal (LOS) postoperative vocal cord paralysis (VCP) detection was 99.9%, and sensitivity was 33%. Negative predictive value of EMG LOS at the end of surgery in the prediction of postoperative VCP was 99.6%, whereas its positive predictive value for VCP was 75%.ConclusionIntraoperative nerve monitoring of the RLN during thyroid and other neck surgeries can aid in the nerve mapping, nerve identification, and prognostication of postoperative vocal cord function, which in turn can influence the surgeon's decision to proceed to bilateral surgery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:280–286, 2017
Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus
Authors: Zoumides Christos , Bruggeman Adriana , Giannakis Elias , Camera Corrado , Djuma Hakan , Eliades Marinos , Charalambous Katerina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParticipatory methods and community‐based approaches have an important role to play in combating land degradation. This paper follows a well‐defined participatory framework to identify key stakeholders and to select Sustainable Land Management approaches for reducing soil erosion and land degradation in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus. Among the options suggested and evaluated by stakeholders, terrace rehabilitation had the best overall performance, followed by crop diversification and afforestation. Stakeholders agreed that the rehabilitation of dry‐stone terraces was the preferred option, as it is a practice with high environmental benefits and fits well in the local socio‐cultural context, despite the higher cost compared to other options. In the first year of implementing the approach, three mountain communities co‐organised hands‐on terrace maintenance events, engaging more than 160 people in rehabilitation activities. The community‐based approach has sparked the interest of people within and beyond the research site, and another series of events is scheduled for the coming season. This outcome indicates that social innovations can benefit from the integration of local and scientific knowledge, while participatory process can enhance the self‐confidence and organisational structures of local communities. Sustaining and enhancing the impact of the approach in the long‐run require developing local terrace maintenance institutions, actively engaging the youth in terrace management and improving the profitability of mountain farming through the differentiation of local products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rates and pathways of sedimentary organic matter mineralization in two basins of a boreal lake: Emphasis on methanogenesis and methanotrophy
Authors: Clayer François , Gobeil Charles , Tessier André 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSediment porewater was analyzed at several sampling dates in two adjacent basins of an oligotrophic boreal lake, one basin perennially oxygenated (Basin A) and the other occasionally anoxic (Basin B). Depth concentration profiles of methane (CH4), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and electron acceptors were modeled with a one‐dimensional transport‐reaction equation to constrain the depth intervals (zones) where solutes are produced/consumed in the top 10 cm of the sediment column, and to obtain the net reaction rates in each zone. This multicomponent geochemical modeling reveals that CH4 was produced below 4–7 cm depth at lower rates in Basin A (250–800 fmol cm−2 s−1) than in Basin B (1900–6500 fmol cm−2 s−1) and that methanogenesis accounted for 30–64% and 84–100% of the sediment organic matter (OM) mineralization in Basins A and B, respectively. We show that methanogenesis did not always yield equimolar amount of CH4 and DIC, as would be expected from the fermentation of the model molecule CH2O. While ∼50% of the CH4 produced in Basin A is oxidized in the sediment column, this proportion decreases to ∼20% in Basin B. Dioxygen is by far the main electron acceptor for CH4 and OM oxidations in both basins. Methanotrophy in the sediment, however, is not limited to the ∼4‐mm thick surface layer in which O2 diffuses from bottom water but occurs down to 4–7 cm depth where O2 is transported through bioirrigation. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that, in addition to O2, Fe oxyhydroxides, and sulfate may serve as oxidants for methanotrophy in that zone. We predict that Basin B sediments release more CH4 than DIC whereas Basin A sediments mainly export DIC. This study highlights that small changes in hypolimnetic O2 levels may significantly alter the magnitude of OM mineralization pathways and the fate of CH4 in boreal lake sediments.
Methane ebullition and diffusion from northern ponds and lakes regulated by the interaction between temperature and system productivity
Authors: DelSontro Tonya , Boutet Lennie , St‐Pierre Annick , del Giorgio Paul A. , Prairie Yves T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from aquatic systems should be coupled to CH4 production, and thus a temperature‐dependent process, yet recent evidence suggests that modeling CH4 emissions may be more complex due to the biotic and abiotic processes influencing emissions. We studied the magnitude and regulation of two CH4 pathways—ebullition and diffusion—from 10 shallow ponds and 3 lakes in Québec. Ebullitive fluxes in ponds averaged 4.6 ± 4.1 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1, contributing ∼56% to total (diffusive + ebullitive) CH4 emissions. In lakes, ebullition only occurred in waters < 3 m deep, averaging 1.1 ± 1.5 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1, and when integrated over the whole lake, contributed only 18% to 22% to total CH4 emissions. While pond CH4 fluxes were related to sediment temperature, with ebullition having a stronger dependence than diffusion (Q10, 13 vs. 10; activation energies, 168 kJ mol−1 vs. 151 kJ mol−1), the temperature dependency of CH4 fluxes from lakes was absent. Combining data from ponds and lakes shows that the temperature dependency of CH4 diffusion and ebullition is strongly modulated by system trophic status (as total phosphorus), suggesting that organic substrate limitation dampens the influence of temperature on CH4 fluxes from oligotrophic systems. Furthermore, a strong phosphorus‐temperature interaction determines the dominant emission pathway, with ebullition disproportionately enhanced. Our results suggest that aquatic CH4 ebullition is regulated by the interaction between ecosystem productivity and climate, and will constitute an increasingly important component of carbon emissions from northern aquatic systems under climate and environmental change.
Near‐IR transillumination and reflectance imaging at 1,300 nm and 1,500–1,700 nm for in vivo caries detection
Authors: Simon Jacob C. , Lucas Seth A. , Staninec Michal , Tom Henry , Chan Kenneth H. , Darling Cynthia L. , Cozin Matthew J. , Lee Robert C. , Fried Daniel 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies suggest that near‐IR imaging methods at wavelengths longer than 1,300 nm have great potential for caries detection. In this study, the diagnostic performance of both near‐IR transillumination and near‐IR reflectance was assessed on teeth scheduled for extraction due to orthodontic treatment (n = 109 teeth on 40 test subjects).MethodsThree intra‐oral near‐IR imaging probes were fabricated for the acquisition of in vivo images using a high definition InGaAs camera and near‐IR broadband light sources. Two transillumination probes provided occlusal and approximal images using 1,300 nm light which manifests the highest transparency in enamel. A third reflectance probe utilized cross‐polarization and operated at wavelengths greater than 1,500 nm where water absorption is higher which reduces the reflectivity of sound tissues, significantly increasing lesion contrast. Teeth were collected after extraction and sectioned and examined with polarized light microscopy and microradiography which served as the gold standard. In addition, radiographs were taken of the teeth and the diagnostic performance of near‐IR imaging was compared with radiography.ResultsNear‐IR imaging was significantly more sensitive (P < 0.05) than radiography for the detection of lesions on both occlusal and proximal surfaces.ConclusionNear‐IR imaging methods are ideally suited for screening all tooth surfaces for carious lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:828–836, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequence Analysis for Alternating Copolymers by MALDI‐TOF‐MS: Importance of Initiator Selectivity for Comonomer Pair
Authors: Nishimori Kana , Ouchi Makoto , Sawamoto Mitsuo 
Published: July 2016

A special initiator for metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization facilitates sequence analyses by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) of alternating copolymers from styrene and maleimide derivatives. The initiator is a malonate‐based alkyl halide (DEMM‐Br), in which two ester groups are attached on the carbon neighboring to bromide, and poor electron density of the radical species allows determination of next unit to the initiator in resultant alternating copolymers due to the selective initiation to styrene derivative. Thanks to the well‐defined α‐end group, sequence of the oligomeric products via radical copolymerization of PMS and EMI with DEMM‐Br can be more simply analyzed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS, and indeed the following are clarified: the crossover propagation is almost perfectly controlled regardless of the injection ratio; a minor error event of the disordered alternating sequence containing St–St sequential unit could take place; the minor error can be suppressed with an excess amount of maleimide.
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Microstructured Hydrogel Templates for the Formation of Conductive Gold Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Wünnemann Patrick , Noyong Michael , Kreuels Klaus , Brüx Roland , Gordiichuk Pavlo , van Rijn Patrick , Plamper Felix A. , Simon Ulrich , Böker Alexander 
Published: July 2016

Microstructured hydrogel allows for a new template‐guided method to obtain conductive nanowire arrays on a large scale. To generate the template, an imprinting process is used in order to synthesize the hydrogel directly into the grooves of wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resulting poly(N‐vinylimidazole)‐based hydrogel is defined by the PDMS stamp in pattern and size. Subsequently, tetrachloroaurate(III) ions from aqueous solution are coordinated within the humps of the N‐vinylimidazole‐containing polymer template and reduced by air plasma. After reduction and development of the gold, to achieve conductive wires, the extension perpendicular to the long axis (width) of the gold strings is considerably reduced compared to the dimension of the parental hydrogel wrinkles (from ≈1 μm down to 200–300 nm). At the same time, the wire‐to‐wire distance and the overall length of the wires is preserved. The PDMS templates and hydrogel structures are analyzed with scanning force microscopy (SFM) and the gold structures via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The conductivity measurements of the gold nanowires are performed in situ in the SEM, showing highly conductive gold leads. Hence, this method can be regarded as a facile nonlithographic top‐down approach from micrometer‐sized structures to nanometer‐sized features.
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Paroxysmal Nonepileptic Events in Glut1 Deficiency
Authors: Klepper Joerg , Leiendecker Baerbel , Eltze Christin , Heussinger Nicole 
Published: July 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2View Supplementary Video 3Movement disorders are a major feature of Glut1 deficiency. As recently identified in adults with paroxysmal exercise‐induced dystonia, similar events were reported in pediatric Glut1 deficiency. In a case series, parent videos of regular motor state and paroxysmal events were requested from children with Glut1 deficiency on clinical follow‐up. A questionnaire was sent out to 60 families. Videos of nonparoxysmal/paroxysmal states in 3 children illustrated the ataxic‐dystonic, choreatiform, and dyskinetic‐dystonic nature of paroxysmal events. Fifty‐six evaluated questionnaires confirmed this observation in 73% of patients. Events appeared to increase with age, were triggered by low ketosis, sleep deprivation, and physical exercise, and unrelated to sex, hypoglycorrhachia, SLC2A1 mutations, or type of ketogenic diet. We conclude that paroxysmal events are a major clinical feature in Glut1 deficieny, linking the pediatric disease to adult Glut1D‐associated exercise‐induced paroxysmal dyskinesias.
A casein hydrolysate protects mice against high fat diet induced hyperglycemia by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated inflammation and improving insulin signaling
Authors: Healy Niamh P. , Kirwan Anna M. , McArdle Maeve A. , Holohan Kieran , Nongonierma Alice B. , Keane Deirdre , Kelly Stacey , Celkova Lucia , Lyons Claire L. , McGillicuddy Fiona C , Finucane Orla M , Murray Brian A. , Kelly Philip M. , Brennan Lorraine , FitzGerald Richard J. , Roche Helen M. 
Published: July 2016

ScopeActivation of the nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is required for IL‐1β release and is a key component of obesity‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance. This study hypothesized that supplementation with a casein hydrolysate (CH) would attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL‐1β secretion in adipose tissue (AT) and improve obesity‐induced insulin resistance.Methods and resultsJ774.2 macrophages were LPS primed (10 ng/mL) and stimulated with adenosine triphosphate (5 mM) to assess NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Pretreatment with CH (1 mg/mL; 48 h) reduced caspase‐1 activity and decreased IL‐1β secretion from J774.2 macrophages in vitro. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes cultured with conditioned media from CH‐pretreated J774.2 macrophages demonstrated increased phosphorylated (p)AKT expression and improved insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6JOLaHsd mice were fed chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk ± CH resuspended in water (0.5% w/v). CH supplementation improved glucose tolerance in HFD‐fed mice as determined by glucose tolerance test. CH supplementation increased insulin‐stimulated pAKT protein levels in AT, liver, and muscle after HFD. Cytokine secretion was measured from AT and isolated bone marrow macrophages cultured ex vivo. CH supplementation attenuated IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and IL‐6 secretion from AT and IL‐1β, IL‐18, and TNF‐α from bone marrow macrophages following adenosine triphosphate stimulation ex vivo.ConclusionThis novel CH partially protects mice against obesity‐induced hyperglycemia coincident with attenuated IL‐1β secretion and improved insulin signaling.
Effects of melatonin on follicular atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis in the porcine
Authors: He Yamei , Deng Honghui , Jiang Zhongliang , Li Qingwang , Shi Meihong , Chen Huali , Han Zengsheng 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe accumulation of reactive oxygen species is detrimental to the health of the ovarian follicle. The protective, antioxidant properties of melatonin, an endogenous component of porcine follicular fluid, on apoptosis of granulosa cells were evaluated in this study. Porcine granulosa cells from medium‐sized (3–5 mm), healthy follicles were cultured in serum‐free conditions with melatonin (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 ng/mL) with or without its receptor antagonist, luzindole, followed by evaluation of apoptotic markers in the treated cells. Results revealed that endogenous, intrafollicular melatonin concentration decreased as follicular atresia progressed, whereas the percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells increased. Spontaneous apoptosis of granulosa cells, triggered by serum deprivation in vitro, was remarkably blocked by melatonin (1.0 ng/mL melatonin, 32.7 ± 0.5%, vs. control, 47.0 ± 1.0%; P < 0.05). Treatment with 1.0 ng/mL of melatonin also significantly elevated MT2, SOD1, and GPX4 while lowering FASL, CHOP, and GRP78 mRNA abundance compared to the untreated control. The anti‐apoptotic effect and some changes of apoptotic‐relevant genes in granulosa cells invoked by melatonin supplementation were markedly blocked by luzindole, suggesting that melatonin could prevent the apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells during follicular atresia via its membrane receptors and its free‐radical‐scavenging activity. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in follicular atresia‐related functions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 692–700, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of urethral wall injection of replication‐defective herpes simplex virus‐mediated gene transfer of kynurenine aminotransferase on urethral pressure in spinal cord‐injured rats
Authors: Wang Zhaoxia , Liao Limin 
Published: July 2016

AimsWe determined whether or not replication‐defective herpes simplex virus vector‐mediated kynurenine aminotransferase II (HSVrd‐KAT II) suppressed the tonic activity of the urethral sphincter in spinal cord‐injured (SCI) rats.MethodsThirty‐six adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were used to produce a spinal cord injury model. One week after spinalization, HSVrd‐KAT II was injected into the urethral wall of rats and another two groups of SCI rats were treated with saline and HSVrd as controls. Three weeks after viral injection, the urethral pressure profile (UPP), continuous cystometry, and gene expression in the L6‐S1 spinal cords were evaluated in all three groups.ResultsIn the HSVrd‐KAT II group, the maximum urethral closure pressure (Pclo.max) and maximum voiding pressure were significantly decreased (23.6–24.9% and 31.6–30.9%, respectively), in addition to an increase in voiding efficiency(48.8–76%), compared with the sham and HSVrd groups. The KAT II protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased in HSV‐KAT II group compared with the HSVrd group.ConclusionKAT II gene therapy effectively reduced the urethral pressure, improving detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), and detrusor overactivity (DO), probably by blocking the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAr) in the L6‐S1 spinal cord. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1046–1051, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facial manifestations of Epstein–Barr virus‐related lymphoproliferative disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: Two atypical presentations
Authors: Lu Benjamin Y. , Kojima Lisa , Huang Mary S. , Friedmann Alison M. , Ferry Judith A. , Weinstein Howard J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus‐related lymphoproliferative disease (EBV‐LPD) rarely occurs in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who have not received hematopoietic transplantation. We describe EBV‐LPD manifesting as facial lesions in two children with ALL in remission. One patient was a 16‐year‐old male with T‐cell ALL with an EBV‐positive angiocentric polymorphous lip lesion presenting as right‐sided facial swelling. The other patient was a 12‐year‐old male with B‐cell ALL with an EBV‐positive polymorphous lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate presenting as bilateral dacryoadenitis. Neither patient had known primary immunodeficiencies. Both cases improved with immunosuppressant de‐escalation. These cases suggest that immunosuppression induced by maintenance chemotherapy is sufficient to promote EBV‐LPD.
Prenatal observation of nystagmus, cataracts, and brain abnormalities in a case of Zellweger spectrum disorder syndrome
Authors: Shen Ori , Michaelson‐Cohen Rachel , Gross‐Tsur Varda , Eilat Avital , Yanai Nili , Green Tamar , Rabinowitz Ron , Meiner Vardiella 
Published: July 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Zellweger syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive disease rarely diagnosed prenatally.
What Does This Study Add?

This is the first report of nystagmus diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound and the first report on fetal ocular abnormalities associated with Zellweger syndrome.
Nasal high flow nebulization in infants and toddlers: An in vitro and in vivo scintigraphic study
Authors: Réminiac François , Vecellio Laurent , Loughlin Ronan Mac , Le Pennec Deborah , Cabrera Maria , Vourc'h Nathalie Heuzé , Fink James B. , Ehrmann Stephan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAerosol therapy in infants and toddlers is challenging. Nebulization within a nasal high flow (NHF) circuit is attractive. The aim of this study was to quantify aerosol lung deposition when combined with NHF as compared with standard practice. Lung doses were measured scintigraphically after nebulization with jet and mesh nebulizer placed within a NHF circuit in a spontaneously breathing non‐human primate model (macaque) and in the anatomical bench SAINT model, respectively representing a full‐term newborn and a 9‐month‐old toddler. In the SAINT model, lung depositions observed with the mesh nebulizer placed in the NHF circuit set at 2 and 4 L/min were 3.3% and 4.2% of the nebulizer charge, respectively, and similar to the 1.70% observed with the control standard facemask jet nebulization (6 L/min flow). In the macaque model, the depositions observed with the mesh nebulizer in the NHF circuit set at 2 and 4 L/min were 0.49% and 0.85%, respectively, also similar to the control measurement (0.71%). Mesh nebulization within a NHF circuit set at 8 L/min and jet nebulization either within a NHF circuit or placed on top of the cannula (NHF set at 2 L/min; total flow of 8 L/min), resulted in a significantly lower lung depositions. Mesh nebulization within a NHF circuit delivering up to 4 L/min gas is likely to be at least as effective than jet nebulization with a facemask in infants and toddlers. Aerosol facemask placement on top of cannulas or jet nebulization within the NHF circuit may be less effective. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:337–344. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computation modeling as a tool for the exploration of complex multistep reaction cycles in homogeneous catalysis. Some selected examples in the framework of the use of hydrogen as a fuel of the future
Authors: Sicilia Emilia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractComputational modeling methods play a prominent role in the field of homogeneous catalysis given that reaction cycles tend to be multistep complicated processes, where the active catalytic species or intermediates are challenging or impractical to study via experimental approaches. At the same time, as such processes are purely molecular, modeling is viable even if very often computationally costly. The possibility to equally well access stable experimentally observable catalytic intermediates and short‐life inaccessible species, such as high energy intermediates and, especially, transition states allows exploring and unraveling complete reaction mechanisms. The quantum mechanical description of intricate catalytic cycles is discussed here for three homogeneous catalytic systems all focused on the use of hydrogen as a potential zero‐emission energy carrier for the future.