bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Broderick C. , Hopkins S. , Mack D. J. F. , Aston W. , Pollock R. , Skinner J. A. , Warren S. 
Published: January 2018

Aims Tuberculosis (TB) infection of bones and joints accounts for 6.7% of TB cases in England, and is associated with significant morbidity and disability. Public Health England reports that patients with TB experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. Our aims were to determine the demographics, presentation and investigation of patients with a TB infection of bones and joints, to help doctors assessing potential cases and to identify avoidable delays. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective observational study of all adults with positive TB cultures on specimens taken at a tertiary orthopaedic centre between June 2012 and May 2014. A laboratory information system search identified the patients. The demographics, clinical presentation, radiology, histopathology and key clinical dates were obtained from medical records. Results A total of 31 adult patients were identified. Their median age was 37 years (interquartile range (IQR): 29 to 53); 21 (68%) were male; 89% were migrants. The main sites affected were joints (10, 32%), the spine (8, 26%) and long bones (6, 19%); 8 (26%) had multifocal disease. The most common presenting symptoms were pain (29/31, 94%) and swelling (26/28, 93%). ‘Typical’ symptoms of TB, such as fever, sweats and weight loss, were uncommon. Patients waited a median of seven months (IQR 3 to 13.5) between the onset of symptoms and referral to the tertiary centre and 2.3 months (IQR 1.6 to 3.4.)) between referral and starting treatment. Radiology suggested TB in 26 (84%), but in seven patients (23%) the initial biopsy specimens were not sent for mycobacterial culture, necessitating a second biopsy. Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction-based testing for TB using Xpert MTB/RIF was performed in five patients; 4 (80%) tested positive for TB. These patients had a reduced time between the diagnostic biopsy and starting treatment than those whose samples were not tested (median eight days versus 36 days, p = 0.016). Conclusion Patients with bone and joint TB experience delays in diagnosis and treatment, some of which are avoidable. Maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion and sending specimens for mycobacterial culture are crucial to avoid missing cases. Rapid diagnostic tests reduce delays and should be performed on patients with radiological features of TB. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:119–24.
In vivothree-dimensional kinematics of normal knees during different high-flexion activities
Authors: Kono K. , Tomita T. , Futai K. , Yamazaki T. , Tanaka S. , Yoshikawa H. , Sugamoto K. 
Published: January 2018

AimsIn Asia and the Middle-East, people often flex their knees deeply in order to perform activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to investigate the 3D kinematics of normal knees during high-flexion activities. Our hypothesis was that the femorotibial rotation, varus-valgus angle, translations, and kinematic pathway of normal knees during high-flexion activities, varied according to activity.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the in vivo kinematics of eight normal knees in four male volunteers (mean age 41.8 years; 37 to 53) using 2D and 3D registration technique, and modelled the knees with a computer aided design program. Each subject squatted, kneeled, and sat cross-legged. We evaluated the femoral rotation and varus-valgus angle relative to the tibia and anteroposterior translation of the medial and lateral side, using the transepicodylar axis as our femoral reference relative to the perpendicular projection on to the tibial plateau. This method evaluates the femur medially from what has elsewhere been described as the extension facet centre, and differs from the method classically applied.ResultsDuring squatting and kneeling, the knees displayed femoral external rotation. When sitting cross-legged, femurs displayed internal rotation from 10° to 100°. From 100°, femoral external rotation was observed. No significant difference in varus-valgus angle was seen between squatting and kneeling, whereas a varus position was observed from 140° when sitting cross-legged. The measure kinematic pathway using our methodology found during squatting a medial pivoting pattern from 0° to 40° and bicondylar rollback from 40° to 150°. During kneeling, a medial pivot pattern was evident. When sitting cross-legged, a lateral pivot pattern was seen from 0° to 100°, and a medial pivot pattern beyond 100°.ConclusionThe kinematics of normal knees during high flexion are variable according to activity. Nevertheless, our study was limited to a small number of male patients using a different technique to report the kinematics than previous publications. Accordingly, caution should be observed in generalizing our findings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:50–5.
Mid-term results of lateral unicondylar mobile bearing knee arthroplasty
Authors: Walker T. , Zahn N. , Bruckner T. , Streit M. R. , Mohr G. , Aldinger P. R. , Clarius M. , Gotterbarm T. 
Published: January 2018

Aims The aim of this independent multicentre study was to assess the mid-term results of mobile bearing unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) for isolated lateral osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Patients and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 363 consecutive, lateral UKAs (346 patients) performed using the Oxford domed lateral prosthesis undertaken in three high-volume knee arthroplasty centres between 2006 and 2014. Mean age of the patients at surgery was 65 years (36 to 88) with a mean final follow-up of 37 months (12 to 93) Results A total of 36 (10.5%) patients underwent revision surgery, giving a survival rate of 90.1% at three years (95% confidence intervals (CI) 86.1 to 93.1; number at risk: 155) and 85.0% at five years (95% CI 77.9 to 89.9; number at risk: 43). Dislocation of the mobile bearing occurred in 18 patients (5.6%) at three years (95% CI 1.0 to 16.4; number at risk: 154) and in 20 patients (8.5%) at five years (95% CI 1.0 to 27.0; number at risk: 42). There were no significant differences in the dislocation rate between the participating centres or the surgeons. We were not able to identify an effect of each surgeon’s learning curve on the dislocation rate of the mobile bearing. The clinical outcome in patients without revision surgery at final follow-up was good to excellent, with a mean Oxford knee score of 40.3 (95% CI 39.4 to 41.2), a mean Tegner activity score of 3.2 (95% CI 3.1 to 3.3) and a mean University of California, Los Angeles score of 5.7 (95% CI 5.5 to 5.9). Conclusion Our data, which consists of a high number of patients treated with mobile bearing UKA in the lateral compartment, indicates a high revision rate of 15% at five years with dislocation of the mobile bearing being the main reason for implant failure. Despite the good functional and clinical results and the high patient satisfaction in our study group, we therefore discontinued using mobile-bearing lateral UKA in favour of a fixed-bearing component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:42–9.
The effectiveness of anterior cervical decompression and fusion for the relief of dizziness in patients with cervical spondylosis
Authors: Peng B. , Yang L. , Yang C. , Pang X. , Chen X. , Wu Y. 
Published: January 2018

Aims Cervical spondylosis is often accompanied by dizziness. It has recently been shown that the ingrowth of Ruffini corpuscles into diseased cervical discs may be related to cervicogenic dizziness. In order to evaluate whether cervicogenic dizziness stems from the diseased cervical disc, we performed a prospective cohort study to assess the effectiveness of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion on the relief of dizziness. Patients and Methods Of 145 patients with cervical spondylosis and dizziness, 116 underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion and 29 underwent conservative treatment. All were followed up for one year. The primary outcomes were measures of the intensity and frequency of dizziness. Secondary outcomes were changes in the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and a visual analogue scale score for neck pain. Results There were significantly lower scores for the intensity and frequency of dizziness in the surgical group compared with the conservative group at different time points during the one-year follow-up period (p = 0.001). There was a significant improvement in mJOA scores in the surgical group. Conclusion This study indicates that anterior cervical surgery can relieve dizziness in patients with cervical spondylosis and that dizziness is an accompanying manifestation of cervical spondylosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:81–7.
In Search of the Historical Madam Suakoko: Liberia’s Renowned Female Kpelle Chief
Authors: Nevin Timothy D. L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Madam Suakoko (Nye Suah Koko) was a female chief of the Kpelle people during the period of annexation by the Liberian state (1900–1920). She faced a difficult choice between collaborating with the central government based in the capital city of Monrovia, which would lead to the effective loss of Kpelle independence, or risking annihilation at the hands of rival Kpelle warriors. This article attempts to reconstruct an overview of her life, times, and accomplishments using newly gathered oral history data from her home region in Liberia combined with fragments from the disparate sources within the written record.
An investigation of the digital game addiction between high school students
Authors: Ekinci Nurullah Emir , Yalçın İlimdar , Özer Ömer , Kara Tayfun 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the digital game addiction levels of the high school students, according to some variables such as sports participation, gender, place of accommodation and level of income.The sample group comprises 931 high school students (508, %54,6 female and 423, %45,4 male) from several villages, districts and Kutahya city center (a town in the west part of Turkey with the population of 325.000). They participated to the study voluntarily. In addition to personal information from prepared by the researcher, the game addiction scale developed by Lemmens et al. (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Irmak and Erdogan (2015) was used as a data gathering tool. It is a five point Likert type scale and has one factor and seven items. In order to evaluate the results the descriptive statistical methods (percentage (%), frequency (f) and t-test, one-way ANOVA) were used.As a result, the significant difference was determined regarding digital game addiction [t (931)=-3,76; p=0,00] between the students who participate to the sports activities and who do not. So, the non-participant students found more game addicted. According to the gender, male students were determined more addicted than females [t (931)=9,45; p=0,00]. No significant difference was determined in terms of the place where the students lived (p=0,56, p>0,05). Finally, the significant difference was determined in terms of the income levels, [f (931)=3,07; p=0,01] on behalf of the students who had good income level. They found more addicted.
Brytyjscy Polacy – polscy Brytyjczycy: osiągnięcia młodego pokolenia emigracyjnego w zakresie języka ojczystego na podstawie analizy egzaminu General Certificate of Secondary Education (Polish)
Authors: Łączek Marcin 
Published: January 2018

The article concentrates on achievements of the younger generation of emigrants in the mother tongue based on an analysis of General Certificate of Secondary Education (Polish). At its beginning, the author lays out some of the issues concerned with bilingual glottodidactics and Polish education abroad (the latter is presented in an exolingual context; here: based on England). In the further course, a reference is made to English educational system with a particular stress put on Key Stage 4 examinations, that is General Certificate of Secondary Education (here: in Polish). The data gathered come from one of the AQA centres in which the author of the present text worked.
On the Openness of Unique Pure-Strategy Nash Equilibrium
Authors: Klis Anna A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates whether small perturbations to a game with continuous strategy spaces and unique Nash equilibrium also yields a game with unique equilibrium. The answer is affirmative for games with smooth payoffs, differentiable strict concavity in own actions, and transversal intersection of best response curves. Though intuitive for games with unique interior equilibrium, this result holds even for equilibria at the boundaries of strategy sets.
Efficient Combinatorial Allocations: Individual Rationality versus Stability
Authors: Matsushima Hitoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We investigate combinatorial allocations with opt-out types and clarify the possibility of achieving efficiency under incomplete information. We introduce two distinct collective decision procedures. The first procedure assumes that the central planner designs a mechanism and players have the option to exit. The mechanism requires interim individual rationality. The second procedure assumes that players design a mechanism by committing themselves to participate. The mechanism requires marginal stability against blocking behavior by the largest proper coalitions. We show that the central planner can earn non-negative revenue in the first procedure, if and only if he cannot do so in the second.
Water Inrush Analysis of the Longmen Mountain Tunnel Based on a 3D Simulation of the Discrete Fracture Network
Authors: Xiong Ziming , Wang Mingyang , Shi ShaoShuai , Xia YuanPu , Lu Hao , Bu Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe construction of tunnels and underground engineering in China has developed rapidly in recent years in both the number and the length of tunnels. However, with the development of tunnel construction technology, risk assessment of the tunnels has become increasingly important. Water inrush is one of the most important causes of engineering accidents worldwide, resulting in considerable economic and environmental losses. Accordingly, water inrush prediction is important for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction. Therefore, in this study, we constructed a three-dimensional discrete network fracture model using the Monte Carlo method first with the basic data from the engineering geological map of the Longmen Mountain area, the location of the Longmen Mountain tunnel. Subsequently, we transformed the discrete fracture networks into a pipe network model. Next, the DEM of the study area was analysed and a submerged analysis was conducted to determine the water storage area. Finally, we attempted to predict the water inrush along the Longmen Mountain tunnel based on the Darcy flow equation. Based on the contrast of water inrush between the proposed approach, groundwater dynamics and precipitation infiltration method, we conclude the following: the water inflow determined using the groundwater dynamics simulation results are basically consistent with those in the D2K91+020 to D2K110+150 mileage. Specifically, in the D2K91+020 to D2K94+060, D2K96+440 to D2K98+100 and other sections of the tunnel, the simulated and measured results are in close agreement and show that this method is effective. In general, we can predict the water inflow in the area of the Longmen Mountain tunnel based on the existing fracture joint parameters and the hydrogeological data of the Longmen Mountain area, providing a water inrush simulation and guiding the tunnel excavation and construction stages.
Performance and Water-Use Efficiency of Wild Cytoplasmic Sources in Sunflower
Authors: Tyagi Vikrant , Dhillon S. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWild Helianthus species should have be a main interest sunflower breeding for the introgressing elite genes for biotic and abiotic stress. The future use of wild sunflower in development of drought resistance cytoplasmic sources should be expanded to the wide range of wild species as compared to conventional sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate different parental lines for their water-use efficiency and seed yield performance under two environments for two years. ARG-2A received from H. argophyllus, 234A and 38A from H. petiolaris were found to be the most susceptible genotypes, whereas, 42A, 42B from H. petiolaris and ARG-6A (H. argophyllus) were found to be tolerant to drought stress. CMS-XA, RCR-8297, E002-91A, NC-41B and P124R were observed to be well adapted to stress environments. ARG-3A from H. argophyllus had a stable performance over the environments, which may be useful to develop water use efficient hybrids having diversified cytoplasmic backgrounds in sunflower breeding.
Successful treatment of macrophage activation syndrome complicating adult-onset Still’s disease with tocilizumab: a case report
Authors: So Ho , Wong Tak-Lung , Pang Hin Ting , Lao Weng Nga , Yip Man-Lung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report a case of 50-year-old female patient with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) complicated by macrophage-activation syndrome (MAS). After initial control of the disease with high-dose parenteral corticosteroids, tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy aided in maintaining the remission with rapid tapering of steroid dose. TCZ may be useful for MAS complicating AOSD.
“The Merchants of Tarshish, with all the Young Lions Thereof.” The British Empire, Scripture Prophecy, and the War of Armageddon, 1914–1918
Authors: Reisenauer Eric Michael 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The First World War spurred interest among the British people in the eschatological and apocalyptic portions of the Bible. The general scope of the war, as well as its particular course, provided much material to those who interpreted war-time events as heralds of the coming end of the age. Of particular interest was the subject of the British Empire’s place in the unfolding upheaval. The belief in Britain’s identity as God’s instrument of righteousness, whether as the King of the North, the Tarshish power, or the Israel of prophecy, assured many in Britain that their nation would play a paramount role in winning the war and establishing God’s rule on Earth.
The Bible and the British and American Armed Forces in Two World Wars
Authors: Snape Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe role of the Bible in Great Britain and the United States in the era of the two World Wars offers new insights into the nature and trajectory of religious change in contemporary British and American society, and not least the much-vaunted religious impact of the First World War. By focusing on the use and the significance of the Bible during these conflicts, and especially its role in and for the British and American armed forces, this article illustrates the uneven quality of inter-war secularization on both sides of the Atlantic. Although rarely considered as a measure of religious change in this period, it underlines the enduring cultural significance of the Bible for Britons and Americans alike, demonstrates the Bible’s burgeoning importance during the years of the Second World War, and indicates that this development helped prepare the ground for the religious revival of the post-war era, and most notably the transatlantic success of Billy Graham.
Making the Bible Safe for Democracy: American Methodists and the First World War
Authors: Wesley Cindy 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article examines the depiction of the First World War in literature published by the Methodist Episcopal Church for Sunday Schools, mission societies, young people’s organizations and a general church readership. Methodist Episcopal Church authors highlighted the biblical themes of righteousness, Christ-like self-sacrifice, and the Kingdom of God as they justified American involvement in the Great War.
Veganism as a cause of iodine deficient hypothyroidism
Authors: Yeliosof Olga , Silverman Lawrence A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism worldwide. Although uncommon in the Western world, the incidence of iodine deficiency may be rising due to the increased use of restrictive diets.

Case presentation:
We present a 23-month-old boy diagnosed with iodine deficiency hypothyroidism, induced by a vegan diet.

Conclusions:
This case highlights the risk for iodine deficiency in children on a vegan diet after discontinuation of breast/formula feeding that could lead to acquired hypothyroidism.
Identifying depressive symptoms among diabetes type and the impact on hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Glick Bethany A. , Hong K. Ming Chan , Obrynba Kathryn , Kamboj Manmohan K. , Hoffman Robert P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
This study was designed to determine the effects of diabetes type and gender on depression risk determined by a highly sensitive screening questionnaire in adolescents. Glycemic control and counseling affect were also studied.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients seen between 2013 and 2015 was performed. Five hundred and thirty adolescents with type 1 (T1DM) or 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to identify depressive symptoms. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured when the PHQ-9 was given, and at 1 year. Patients with increased depression risk were referred for counseling and comparisons were made between those who did and did not attend.

Results:
Females with T2DM, but not males, had increased depression compared to T1DM. Females had increased depression compared to males in T1DM (p = 0.046) and a near significant increase in T2DM (p = 0.069). In T1DM, but not T2DM, HbA1c levels were increased in high and moderate, compared to low, risk depression risk groups (p = 0.007). Follow-up HbA1c was unchanged 1 year later and there were no differences between those involved in counseling and those who refused to attend. Sex and type of diabetes had no effect on response to counseling.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate increased depression in adolescents with T2DM compared to T1DM and in females compared to controls. Glycemic control did not change in adolescents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression and received counseling intervention compared to adolescents who declined counseling.