bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subthermocline and Intermediate Zonal Currents in the Tropical Pacific Ocean: Paths and Vertical Structure
Authors: Cravatte S. , Kestenare Elodie , Marin Frédéric , Dutrieux Pierre , Firing Eric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe mean subthermocline and intermediate zonal circulation in the tropical Pacific is investigated using a compilation of shipboard ADCP measurements and absolute geostrophic velocities constructed from a high-resolution 0–2000-m Argo climatology referenced to a 1000-m velocity field derived from Argo float drifts. This reference field is dominated by basinwide alternating zonal jets with a meridional wavelength of about 3°. In regions where the sampling of SADCP data is sufficient, the consistency between the two independent datasets is striking; using the Argo drift reference is crucial to capture the current structures. Two apparently distinct systems of alternating westward and eastward zonal jets are seen in both datasets equatorward of 10°: a series of low-latitude subthermocline currents (LLSCs) below the thermocline, extending from about 200 to 800 m, including the eastward Tsuchiya jets; and a series of low-latitude intermediate currents (LLICs), extending from about 700 to at least 2000 m. These systems seem to merge poleward of 10°. Both series shoal to lighter densities eastward. The subthermocline currents and their associated potential vorticity structures undergo a major shift near 155°W, suggesting some difference in the dynamic regime between the regions west and east of this longitude. Differing behaviors (the LLSCs tend to angle poleward to the east, whereas the LLICs angle slightly equatorward) suggest that these jets may be dynamically distinct, with different forcing mechanisms.
An Evaluation of Radar-Based Tornado Track Estimation Products by Oklahoma Public Safety Officials
Authors: Kuster Charles M. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Snyder Jeffrey C. , Wilson Katie A. , Speheger Douglas A. , Hocker James E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Many public safety officials (e.g., emergency managers and first responders) use weather-radar data to inform many life-saving decisions, such as sounding outdoor warning sirens and directing storm spotters. Therefore, to include this important user group in ongoing radar applications research, a knowledge coproduction framework is used to interact with, learn from, and provide information to public safety officials. From these interactions, it became clear that radar-based products that estimate a tornado’s location, intensity, or both could be valuable to public safety officials. Therefore, a survey was conducted and a focus group formed to 1) collect feedback on several of these products currently under development, 2) identify potential decisions that could be made with these products, and 3) examine the impact of radar update time on product usefulness. An analysis of the survey and focus group responses revealed that public safety officials preferred simple interactive products provided to them using multiple communication methods. Once received, any product that could clearly communicate where a tornado may have occurred would likely help public safety officials focus search and rescue efforts in the immediate aftermath of a tornado. Additionally, public safety officials preferred products created using rapid-update data (1–2-min volumetric updates) over conventional-update data (4–5-min volumetric updates) because it provided them with more complete information.
Articular Disc and Eminence Modeling after Experimental Relocation of the Glenoid Fossa in Growing Rabbits
Authors: Pirttiniemi P. , Kantomaa T. , Tuominen M. , Salo L. 
Published: July 2017

The articular surface of the glenoid fossa shows some analogy to the mandibular condyle, since the surface is covered by secondary cartilage, which makes the process more elastic than purely bony structures. The condylar cartilage has been shown to be responsive to alterations in load pressures, and this secondary type of cartilage is also able to increase its proliferative activity to a limited extent when the load pressure is altered. The aim here was to measure changes in proliferative activity and type II collagen secretion in the articular surface of the glenoid fossa after steady experimental posterior relocation of the fossa in the rabbit without actively interfering with normal masticatory action. The shape of the articular disc and interrelations of the joint components were measured macroscopically. Twenty-four five-day-old rabbits underwent gluing of the interparietal, temporoparietal, and lambdoidal sutures. Three experimental and 3 control rabbits were injected with tritiated thymidine at 10, 15, 20, and 30 days and were killed after 2 h for histological, autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical examination. The total number of labeled cells in the proliferative layer near the articular eminence was higher in the experimental group, the difference being greatest in the 15-and 20-day-old rabbits. Immunohistochemical examination revealed less staining for type II collagen on the postero-inf erior side of the eminence in the experimental group. The articular disc was flattened in the experimental group, and the elastic tissue bundle connecting the articular eminence and the anterior border of the disc was significantly narrower and longer.
A systematic review of cognition in homeless children and adolescents
Authors: Parks Randolph W , Stevens Richard J , Spence Sean A 
Published: July 2017

Objectives The cognitive function of homeless children and adolescents may be overlooked, albeit understandably, when societal interventions focus on their immediate housing needs. Nevertheless, homelessness might be hypothesized to carry many risks for the developing mind and brain. We wanted to discover whether this hypothesis had been tested previously. Design A systematic review to examine whether cognitive impairments were reported in homeless children and adolescents. Setting Objective, systematic review of standard databases, examined by key word searches. Participants Children and adolescents. Main outcome measures Formal assessments of cognition. Results We found that in spite of there being many homeless children in the world, fewer than 2000 have been assessed cognitively and reported in the literature. Yet when compared with those who are domiciled, these children tend to have lower intellectual functioning and decreased academic achievement. Furthermore, adolescents evince cognitive impairments in the contexts of drug, physical, and sexual abuse. Conclusions We suggest that cognitive and mental health screening be incorporated into those intervention programs deployed to facilitate societal reintegration of homeless children and adolescents.
Association of DNA Aneuploidy with Human Papillomavirus‐Induced Malignant Transformation of Sinonasal Transitional Papillomas
Authors: Klemi Pekka J. , Joensuu Heikki , Siivonen Lasse , Virolainen Erkki , Syrjänen Stina , Syrjänen Kari 
Published: July 2017

The nuclear DNA content of 19 transitional papillomas of the sinonasal region and 9 maxillary squamous cell carcinomas was studied by flow cytometry; the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA types 11 and 16 was determined by the in situ hybridization technique from paraffin‐embedded tissue. Thirteen (68%) of the papillomas and none of the carcinomas contained HPV genome. Six (32%) of the papillomas and 4 (44%) of the carcinomas had an aneuploid DNA content. The relative DNA content (DNA Index) of the aneuploid maxillary carcinomas was larger than that of aneuploid papillomas (p = 0.004). Three of the papillomas underwent malignant transformation, all three of which contained HPV type 16 DNA; two were also aneuplold. Data Indicate that papillomas containing HPV type 16 DNA have a tendency (p = 0.06) to undergo malignant transformation, and that this tendency Is greater If DNA aneuploidy or HPV type 11 DNA Is also present (p = 0.02).
Clinical Significance of Molds Newly Available for Radioallergosorbent Testing
Authors: King William P. 
Published: July 2017

Three years of weekly Rotorod airborne allergen reports from Corpus Christi, Texas, were reviewed. Five of 10 newly available airborne molds for radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) were present in significant numbers. Three hundred seventy‐five mold RAST evaluations were expanded to include the five old and these five new molds. Except for Alternaria, the frequency of and allegenic response to the new molds were generally greater than those for the five old molds. The usual Alternaria‐Cladosporium mold screen proved less satisfactory when these five new molds were added to the mold battery; however, the addition of Helminthosporium to the screen corrected this deficiency. Cross‐reactivity production of false‐positive responses seems unlikely because of frequent significant variance in RAST scores from mold to mold in the same patient.
Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: Strategies to Accommodate for Head Growth
Authors: Marks David R. , Jackler Robert K. , Bates Grant J. , Greenberg Sheldon 
Published: July 2017

Accommodation for head growth presents one of several challenges unique to pediatric cochlear implantation. Given contemporary cochlear implant device designs, an electrode cable implanted at the age of 2 years must extend 2 to 3 cm as the head grows during childhood. In an initial study we found that model lead wires with redundant loops extended effectively when they were maintained within air‐containing spaces such as the mastoid cavity or middle ear space. However, when looped leads traversed soft tissues overlying the parietal bone, they became embedded in fibrous tissue and did not extend. The present study evaluated three different configurations of expansile devices that were enclosed In polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) envelopes to deter fibrous ingrowth. This simple strategy was designed to ensure effective cable extension over cable pathlengths by protecting the redundant leads from any mechanically significant connective tissue ingrowth. Twelve such devices were implanted across the calvaria of four newly weaned plglets. Skull growth and changes in electrode dimensions were documented by sequential computed tomographic scans. At 3 months of age, cranial circumferences had increased substantially. Animals were then killed, the model cable extension appliances examined physically, and their implantation sites examined histologically. For all experimental devices, extension of redundant lead wires was satisfactory, and there was no mechanically significant invasion of fibrous connective tissue into the PTFE envelope. This indicates that enclosure of excess lead wire within a PTFE envelope may be an effective means of inhibiting fibrous Ingrowth. This strategy should prove useful for ensuring effective electrode cable extension In cochlear implants applied in young children.
Efficacy of Alternative Tests for Delayed‐Cyclic Food Hypersensitivity
Authors: King William P. , Rubin Wallace , Fadal Richard G. , Ward Walter A. , Trevino Richard J. , Pierce William B. , Stewart Alan , Boyles John H. 
Published: July 2017

With the oral challenge food test (OCFT) used as the standard for delayed‐cyclic food hypersensitivity diagnosis, blinded comparison studies were accomplished with 175 in vitro food specific IgE and 180 IgG radioallergosorbent tests, 180 food enzyme‐linked immune complex assays, and 155 in vivo Multi‐Test prick tests. The study was multi‐centered, eight physicians and 37 patients participating. All of the compared tests were shown to be approximately 50% efficient when compared with the OCFT results, and, thus, nonefficaclous.
The Osteo‐Mucoperiosteal Flap in Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A 20‐Year Experience
Authors: Yessenow Randall S. , McCabe Brian F. 
Published: July 2017

Chronic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (present for 2 months or longer) is a serious condition frequently encountered by the otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon. The purpose of this report is that it can be successfully repaired transanally, from below, with a high rate of success. Intracranial repair has been associated with reportedly high morbidity and failure rates. From 1967 to 1987, 16 patients underwent repair of chronic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in the cribriform plate or fovea ethmoidalis at the University of Iowa with an osteomucoperiosteal flap. Follow‐up data from 1.6 to 22 years demonstrated no recurrent leaks in this group of patients. Minimal morbidity and no deaths were associated with the osteomucoperiosteal flap. On the basis of our experience, we recommend this technique, which can be performed by any experienced paranasal sinus surgeon, as superior to craniotomy for the repair of chronic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea from cribriform plate and fovea ethmoidalis defects.
Kinematics and Laxity of the Knee Joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Brandsson Sveinbjörn , Karlsson Jon , Swärd Leif , Kartus Jüri , Eriksson Bengt I. , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: July 2017

Background Injury of the anterior cruciate ligament changes the kinematics of the knee joint. In studies of cadaveric knees, investigators have examined the effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on knee kinematics, but the effect on dynamic knee motion is not known. Hypothesis Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament restores knee kinematics to normal. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Nine patients were examined preoperatively and 1 year after reconstruction. Continuous radiostereometric exposures were performed at a speed of two to four exposures per second while the patients ascended an 8-cm high platform. Tibial rotation and tibial and femoral translation were measured with radiostereometric analysis. Results Tibial rotation and tibial and femoral translation were not significantly different after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction compared with preoperative measurements. A radiostereometric evaluation of anterior knee laxity revealed restoration to within 1 mm of that on the uninjured side. Further evaluation of knee function using the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity level score, the International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation system score, and measurements of laxity using the KT-1000 arthrometer revealed significant improvements after reconstruction. Conclusion Kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament injured knee did not change significantly after ligament reconstruction, but the functional results were satisfactory and knee laxity was diminished.
The Most Effective Exercise for Strengthening the Supraspinatus Muscle
Authors: Takeda Yoshitsugu , Kashiwaguchi Shinji , Endo Kenji , Matsuura Tetsuya , Sasa Takahiro 
Published: July 2017

Background Electromyography has been used to determine the best exercise for strengthening the supraspinatus muscle, but conflicting results have been reported. Magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time appears to be more accurate in determining muscle activation. Purpose To determine the best exercises for strengthening the supraspinatus muscle. Study Design Criterion standard. Methods Six male volunteers performed three exercises: the empty can, the full can, and horizontal abduction. Immediately before and after each exercise, magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed and changes in relaxation time for the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and deltoid muscles were recorded. Results The supraspinatus muscle had the greatest change among the studied muscles in relaxation time for the empty can (10.5 ms) and full can (10.5 ms) exercises. After the horizontal abduction exercise the change in relaxation time for the supraspinatus muscle (3.6 ms) was significantly smaller than that for the posterior deltoid muscle (11.5 ms) and not significantly different from that of the other muscles studied. Conclusion The empty can and full can exercises were most effective in activating the supraspinatus muscle.
Evidence of Abnormal Anteroposterior Patellar Tilt in Patients with Patellar Tendinitis with Use of a New Radiographic Measurement
Authors: Tyler Timothy F. , Hershman Elliott B. , Nicholas Stephen J. , Berg Jeffery H. , McHugh Malachy P. 
Published: July 2017

Background A number of clinical conditions of the patellofemoral joint have been correlated with abnormal patellofemoral radiographic measurements. Hypothesis An abnormal anteroposterior patellar-tilt angle may be a contributing factor to pathologic conditions of the knee. Study Design Prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. Methods The anteroposterior patellar-tilt angle was measured in cadaveric knees to determine the best knee position. The radiographs of normal subjects and patients with patellar tendinitis or patellofemoral pain syndrome were examined for differences in patellar-tilt angle. Results Cadaveric measurements demonstrated highest intertester and intratester reliability at 30° of knee flexion and neutral femoral rotation. Intratester measurements on normal subjects exhibited high reliability, with a mean anteroposterior tilt angle of 30.8° ± 6.7°. In the patellofemoral pain group the mean anteroposterior tilt angle was 29.1° ± 8.5°; however, for patients with patellar tendinitis, it was 25.6° ± 7.0°, significantly lower than in the normal population. Furthermore, there was no difference between the angles of involved and uninvolved knees of patients with unilateral patellar tendinitis. Conclusion The anteroposterior patellar-tilt angle is a clinically reliable measurement of patellar tilt in the sagittal plane that can be used to study patellofemoral tilt in a variety of clinical situations. The results of this study demonstrate that patients with patellar tendinitis have abnormal patellar tilt in the sagittal plane.
Arthroscopic Findings in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Hintermann Beat , Boss Andreas , Schäfer Dirk 
Published: July 2017

Background There are little objective data on structural changes of the chronically unstable ankle. Such knowledge could help with preoperative planning. Hypothesis Preoperative ankle arthroscopy provides important insights into the causes and mechanisms of ankle instability and the resulting disability. Study Design Case series. Methods From 1993 to 1999, arthroscopic examination was performed in the ankles of 148 patients with symptomatic chronic ankle instability that had lasted 6 months or more. All structural changes were recorded and compared with the clinical diagnosis. Results A rupture or elongation of the anterior talofibular ligament was noted in 86% of ankles, of the calcaneofibular ligament in 64%, and of the deltoid ligament in 40%. Cartilage damage was noted in 66% of ankles with lateral ligament injuries, whereas 98% of the ankles with deltoid ligament injuries had cartilage damage. Although lateral instability could be verified arthroscopically in 127 patients, medial instability was presumed clinically in 38 patients but was actually detected in 54 patients arthroscopically. Conclusion Preoperative ankle arthroscopy revealed an essential amount of information that would otherwise have been undetected. For instance, the ligaments showed typical abnormalities corresponding to different entities of ankle instability and different intra-articular pathologic conditions.
Supplementation of Rotator Cuff Repair with a Bioresorbable Scaffold
Authors: Koh Jason L. , Szomor Zoltan , Murrell George A. C. , Warren Russell F. 
Published: July 2017

Background Repair of a torn rotator cuff should have sufficient initial strength of the fixation to permit appropriate rehabilitation. Hypothesis Augmentation with a woven polylactic acid scaffold strengthens repairs of the rotator cuff. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In the suture-anchor model, 10 pairs of sheep infraspinatus tendons were detached and repaired to suture anchors. In half of the matched specimens, the repair was reinforced with a woven poly-lactic acid scaffold repaired with the tendon to bone. In the bone-bridge model, sutures were passed through a trough and over a bone bridge distal to the greater tuberosity; half were reinforced by the scaffold. The repairs were tested to failure with a hydraulic testing machine. Results The mean ultimate strength of suture-anchor repairs augmented with the scaffold (167.3 ± 53.9 N) was significantly greater than that of nonaugmented fixation (133.2 ± 38.2 N). Failure occurred when the tendon pulled through the sutures; the scaffold remained intact. Scaffold reinforcement of the bone bridge significantly increased the ultimate strength from 374.6 ± 117.6 N to 480.9 ± 89.2 N, and the scaffold remained intact in 8 of 10 specimens. Conclusions The scaffold significantly increased the initial strength of rotator cuff repair by approximately 25%.
Reduction of Medial Compartment Loads with Valgus Bracing of the Osteoarthritic Knee
Authors: Pollo Fabian E. , Otis James C. , Backus Sherry I. , Warren Russell F. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. 
Published: July 2017

Background Patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee may be treated nonoperatively with adjustable valgus bracing. Hypothesis Valgus bracing reduces load on the medial compartment through the application of an external valgus moment about the knee, resulting in pain relief. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Eleven patients were tested using an instrumented brace and three-dimensional gait analysis. We measured the valgus moment applied by the adjustable valgus brace and determined the compressive load in the medial compartment. We also documented the effects of increased valgus alignment of the brace and increased strap tension on load sharing. Pain and activity levels were also recorded. Results Pain and activity level improved in all subjects with valgus bracing. During gait, valgus bracing reduced the net varus moment about the knee by an average of 13% (7.1 N•m) and the medial compartment load at the knee by an average of 11% (114 N) in the calibrated 4° valgus brace setting. Increasing valgus alignment with the adjustable brace had a greater effect on the medial compartment load than did increasing strap tension. Conclusion Adjustable valgus bracing was effective in reducing medial compartment load and subsequent pain while also improving knee function in a group of patients with osteoarthritis.
Avulsion Fracture of the Ulnar Sublime Tubercle in Overhead Throwing Athletes
Authors: Salvo John P. , Rizio Louis , Zvijac John E. , Uribe John W. , Hechtman Keith S. 
Published: July 2017

Background Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament are relatively common in throwing athletes and result from either acute traumatic or repeated valgus stress to the elbow. Avulsion fracture of the sublime tubercle of the ulna is a rarely reported site of ulnar collateral ligament injury. Purpose We retrospectively reviewed our cases of ulnar collateral ligament injuries to study avulsion fractures of the sublime tubercle of the ulna. Study Design Case series. Methods Data, including radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scans, were obtained by review of hospital and office records and by follow-up examination. Of 33 consecutive patients treated for ulnar collateral ligament injuries, 8 had avulsion fractures of the sublime tubercle of the ulna. All eight were male baseball players with dominant arm involvement, an average age of 16.9 years, and an average follow-up of 23.6 months. Results Six of eight patients had failure of nonoperative treatment and required surgical repair. Two of the six underwent ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and four had direct repair of the sublime tubercle avulsion with bioabsorbable suture anchors. At last follow-up, all eight had returned to their preinjury level of activity. No patient had residual medial elbow pain or laxity. Conclusions Diagnosis of sublime tubercle avulsion fracture is made with history, physical examination, and radiographic studies. Magnetic resonance imaging can help identify an avulsion fracture not visible radio-graphically and can help determine whether direct repair or reconstruction is needed.