bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis thalianaroot colonization by the nematophagous fungusPochonia chlamydosporiais modulated by jasmonate signaling and leads to accelerated flowering and improved yield
Authors: Zavala‐Gonzalez Ernesto A. , Rodríguez‐Cazorla Encarnación , Escudero Nuria , Aranda‐Martinez Almudena , Martínez‐Laborda Antonio , Ramírez‐Lepe Mario , Vera Antonio , Lopez‐Llorca Luis V. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPochonia chlamydosporiahas been intensively studied in nematode control of different crops. We have investigated the interaction betweenP. chlamydosporiaand the model systemArabidopsis thalianaunder laboratory conditions in the absence of nematodes.This study demonstrates thatP. chlamydosporiacolonizesA. thaliana. Root colonization monitored with green fluorescent protein‐taggedP. chlamydosporiaand quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantitation methods revealed root cell invasion. Fungal inoculation reduced flowering time and stimulated plant growth, as determined by total FW increase, faster development of inflorescences and siliques, and a higher yield in terms of seed production per plant.Precocious flowering was associated with significant expression changes in key flowering‐time genes. In addition, we also provided molecular and genetic evidence that point towards jasmonate signaling as an important factor to modulate progression of plant colonization by the fungus.Our results indicate thatP. chlamydosporiaprovides benefits to the plant in addition to its nematophagous activity. This report highlights the potential ofP. chlamydosporiato improve yield in economically important crops.
Developing the concept of sustainability in nursing
Authors: Goodman Benny 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSustainability, and the related concept of climate change, is an emerging domain within nursing and nurse education. Climate change has been posited as a serious global health threat requiring action by health professionals and action at international level. Anåker & Elf undertook a concept analysis of sustainability in nursing based on Walker and Avant's framework. Their main conclusions seem to be that while defining attributes and cases can be established, there is not enough research into sustainability in the nursing literature. This paper seeks to develop their argument to argue that sustainability in nursing can be better understood by accessing non‐nursing and grey literature and, for example, the literature in the developing web‐based ‘paraversity’. Without this understanding, and application in nursing scholarship, nurses will have a rather narrow understanding of sustainability and its suggested links with social and health inequalities and the dynamics underpinning unsustainable neoliberalist political economy. This understanding is based on the social and political determinants of health approach and the emerging domain of planetary health. However, this is a major challenge as it requires a critical reflection on what counts as nursing knowledge, a reflection which might reject sustainability and political economy as irrelevant to much of nursing practice.
The effects of resveratrol intervention on risk markers of cardiovascular health in overweight and obese subjects: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Haohai , Chen Guangzhao , Liao Dan , Zhu Yongkun , Pu Rong , Xue Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPotential effects of resveratrol consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors and body weight in overweight/obese adults have not been fully elucidated. Our present analysis was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol consumption on risk markers related to cardiovascular health in overweight/obese Individuals.MethodsMultiple literature databases were systematically searched, and 21 studies were included. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. Publication bias and subgroup analyses were also performed.ResultsThere were variations in reporting quality of included studies. Resveratrol intervention significantly lowered total cholesterol (WMD, –0.19 mmol/L; 95% CI, –0.32 to –0.06; P = 0.004), systolic blood pressure (WMD, –2.26 mmHg; 95% CI, –4.82 to –0.49; P = 0.02), and fasting glucose (WMD, –0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI, –0.42 to –0.03; P = 0.03). Heterogeneity was noted for these outcomes (35.6%, 38.7% and 71.4%, respectively). Our subgroup analysis showed significant reductions in total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, and insulin in subjects ingesting higher dose of resveratrol (≥300 mg/day).ConclusionOur finding provides evidence that daily resveratrol consumption might be a candidate as an adjunct to pharmacological management to better prevent and control cardiovascular disease in overweight/obese individuals.
A step change in the transfer of interspecific variation into wheat from Amblyopyrum muticum
Authors: King Julie , Grewal Surbhi , Yang Cai‐yun , Hubbart Stella , Scholefield Duncan , Ashling Stephen , Edwards Keith J. , Allen Alexandra M. , Burridge Amanda , Bloor Claire , Davassi Alessandro , da Silva Glacy J. , Chalmers Ken , King Ian P. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDespite some notable successes, only a fraction of the genetic variation available in wild relatives has been utilized to produce superior wheat varieties. This is as a direct result of the lack of availability of suitable high‐throughput technologies to detect wheat/wild relative introgressions when they occur. Here, we report on the use of a new SNP array to detect wheat/wild relative introgressions in backcross progenies derived from interspecific hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum F1 hybrids. The array enabled the detection and characterization of 218 genomewide wheat/Am. muticum introgressions, that is a significant step change in the generation and detection of introgressions compared to previous work in the field. Furthermore, the frequency of introgressions detected was sufficiently high to enable the construction of seven linkage groups of the Am. muticum genome, thus enabling the syntenic relationship between the wild relative and hexaploid wheat to be determined. The importance of the genetic variation from Am. muticum introduced into wheat for the development of superior varieties is discussed.
Wittgenstein and the Animal Origins of Linguistic Communication
Authors: Cash Luke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWittgenstein's notorious sample of a ‘complete primitive language’ (viz. the builders’ game of thePhilosophical Investigations) is often thought to be closer in kind to animal forms of communication than human language. Indeed, it has been criticised on precisely these grounds. But such debates make little sense if we take seriously Wittgenstein's idea that language is a family resemblance concept. So, rather than argue that the builders’ game ‘really is a language’ (or not), I propose to turn the debate on its head and welcome the comparison. By changing our perspective in this way, I suggest that we can see that the learning of language is crucially dependent on forms of communication that are animal in nature. I then discuss how these lessons might shed light on empirical research into both the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins of linguistic communication.
Oral health status in older immigrants in a medium‐sized Swedish city
Authors: Olerud Eva , Hagman‐Gustavsson Marie‐Louise , Gabre Pia 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the study was to investigate oral health and oral care habits among older immigrants to Sweden from countries outside the Nordic region.MethodParticipants ≥60 years of age from senior social centers for immigrants were invited to attend oral examinations. Data was collected on the number of teeth, dentures, caries, periodontal status, saliva secretion, and plaque scores. Participants also described their general health and oral care habits.ResultsFourteen men and 28 women, median age 71.5 years, participated. Seventeen percent were edentulous, women often than men. Three out of four had caries and 63% had gingival bleeding. Two‐thirds brushed their teeth twice per day and 60% had visited dental services in the last 2 years.ConclusionThe group had a high prevalence of oral diseases and discomfort. They used dental services and brushed their teeth less frequently than Swedish populations of the same age.
Donor‐derived tuberculosis (TB): isoniazid‐resistant TB transmitted from a lung transplant donor with inadequately treated latent infection
Authors: Jensen T.O. , Darley D.R. , Goeman E.E. , Shaw K. , Marriott D.J. , Glanville A.R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDonor‐derived tuberculosis (TB) is an increasingly recognized complication of solid organ transplantation. We report a case of isoniazid‐resistant pulmonary TB in a lung transplant recipient. The patient acquired the infection from the lung donor who was previously empirically treated with isoniazid for latent TB. The case highlights the caveat that, while adequate treatment of latent TB with isoniazid is presumed, meticulous screening of donors is required.
Doing well while fighting river blindness: the alignment of a corporate drug donation programme with responsibilities to shareholders
Authors: Hernando Yolanda , Colwell Kaela , Wright Brian D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveUsing the example of Merck's donations of ivermectin, to show how tax incentives and non‐profit collaborators can make corporate largesse consistent with obligations to maximise returns to shareholders.MethodsWe obtained information from publicly available data and estimated Merck's tax deductions according to the US Internal Revenue Code. Reviews of Merck‐Kitasato contracts and personal interviews provided additional information regarding key lessons from this collaboration.ResultsOur best estimate of the direct cost to Merck of the ivermectin tablets donated during 2005–2011 is around US$ 600 million, well below the stated value of US$ 3.8 billion. Our calculation of tax write‐offs reduces the net cost to around US$ 180 million in that period. Indirect market benefits and effects on goodwill further enhanced the compatibility of Merck's donation programme with the company's profit‐maximising objective. The case offers lessons for effective management of collaborations with public and non‐profit organisations.ConclusionMerck's role in the donation of ivermectin for the treatment of onchocerciasis is widely and justly acknowledged as a prime example of corporate largesse in the public interest. It is nevertheless important to note that several public and non‐profit collaborators, and United States taxpayers, played significant roles in increasing Merck's incentives, and indeed ability, to conduct the donation programme that changed so many lives in poor countries, while meeting its responsibilities to shareholders. Overall, the record indicates responsible corporate management of Merck's ivermectin programme and demonstrates the feasibility of socially responsible policies in a manner compatible with obligations to shareholders.
AtRAD5A is a DNA translocase harboring a HIRAN domain which confers binding to branched DNA structures and is required for DNA repair in vivo
Authors: Kobbe Daniela , Kahles Andy , Walter Maria , Klemm Tobias , Mannuss Anja , Knoll Alexander , Focke Manfred , Puchta Holger 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDNA lesions such as crosslinks represent obstacles for the replication machinery. Nonetheless, replication can proceed via the DNA damage tolerance pathway also known as postreplicative repair pathway. SNF2 ATPase Rad5 homologs, such as RAD5A of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, are important for the error‐free mode of this pathway. We able to demonstrate before, that RAD5A is a key factor in the repair of DNA crosslinks in Arabidopsis. Here, we show by in vitro analysis that AtRAD5A protein is a DNA translocase able to catalyse fork regression. Interestingly, replication forks with a gap in the leading strand are processed best, in line with its suggested function. Furthermore AtRAD5A catalyses branch migration of a Holliday junction and is furthermore not impaired by the DNA binding of a model protein, which is indicative of its ability to displace other proteins. Rad5 homologs possess HIRAN (Hip116, Rad5; N‐terminal) domains. By biochemical analysis we were able to demonstrate that the HIRAN domain variant from Arabidopsis RAD5A mediates structure selective DNA binding without the necessity for a free 3′OH group as has been shown to be required for binding of HIRAN domains in a mammalian RAD5 homolog. The biological importance of the HIRAN domain in AtRAD5A is demonstrated by our result that it is required for its function in DNA crosslink repair in vivo.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Adolescent Boys: An Evidence Review
Authors: Voss Danielle S. , Wofford Linda G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite evidence‐based guidelines recommending routine vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) for adolescent boys, ages 11–12 years, vaccine uptake among this population remains low.AimsTo examine reasons for low HPV quadrivalent vaccine uptake and methods available to increase vaccine uptake among adolescent males, ages 11–12 years.Methods and ResultsOf 341 identified studies, 30 were included from three databases. The 30 studies were grouped into six categories: population‐specific, problem‐specific, educational interventions, theory‐specific, political implications, and foundational guidelines and Websites.DiscussionAmong eight studies, low vaccine uptake was attributed to lack of parental, adolescent, and physician knowledge of HPV4 vaccine availability and recommendations. HPV4 vaccine educational interventions for parents and adolescents were the most effective for promoting vaccine uptake. Theory applications and gain‐framed messages were shown to be effective for assessing HPV vaccine attitudes and perceptions. Political implication studies reveal the need for political and financial measures to encourage HPV vaccine acceptability among the population.Implications for CliniciansTo promote HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males, providers must remain current with HPV vaccine recommendations and offer parental and adolescent HPV education focusing on benefits of vaccine acceptance and risks of vaccine refusal.Linking Evidence to ActionThe results of this review inform our understanding of effective educational strategies to positively impact HPV vaccine uptake in adolescent males. Based on this review, clinicians can employ several evidence‐based educational strategies to facilitate HPV vaccine uptake.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of a Weight-Based Dosing Regimen of Cefoxitin for Perioperative Surgical Prophylaxis in Obese and Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Moine Pierre , Mueller Scott W. , Schoen Jonathan A. , Rothchild Kevin B. , Fish Douglas N. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of a weight-based cefoxitin dosing regimen for surgical prophylaxis in obese patients. Patients received a single dose of cefoxitin at 40 mg/kg based on total body weight. Cefoxitin samples were obtained over 3 h from serum and adipose tissue, and concentrations were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed, followed by Monte Carlo simulations to estimate probability of target attainment (PTA) for
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Bacteroides fragilis
over 4-h periods postdose. Thirty patients undergoing bariatric procedures were enrolled. The body mass index (mean ± standard deviation [SD])was 45.9 ± 8.0 kg/m
2
(range, 35.0 to 76.7 kg/m
2
); the median cefoxitin dose was 5 g (range, 4.0 to 7.5 g). The mean maximum concentrations were 216.15 ± 41.80 μg/ml in serum and 12.62 ± 5.89 in tissue; the mean tissue/serum ratio was 8% ± 3%. In serum, weight-based regimens achieved ≥90% PTA (goal time during which free [unbound] drug concentrations exceed pathogen MICs [
f
T>MIC] of 100%) for
E. coli
and
S. aureus
over 2 h and for
B. fragilis
over 1 h; in tissue this regimen failed to achieve goal PTA at any time point. The 40-mg/kg regimens achieved higher PTAs over longer periods in both serum and tissue than did the standard 2-g doses. However, although weight-based cefoxitin regimens were better than fixed doses, achievement of desired pharmacodynamic targets was suboptimal in both serum and tissue. Alternative dosing regimens and agents should be explored in order to achieve more favorable antibiotic performance during surgical prophylaxis in obese patients.
Circulating miRNA in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease
Authors: Mehta Rohini , Otgonsuren Munkzhul , Younoszai Zahra , Allawi Hussain , Raybuck Bryan , Younossi Zobair 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease (CAD) is the cardiac manifestation of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is strongly linked to CAD and hepatic steatosis is an independent risk factor for CAD and cardiac mortality. The pathogenic mechanism underlying this association remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with NAFLD and associated CAD.ResultsWhen compared to patients with NAFLD without CAD, patients with NAFLD and CAD had lower circulating levels of miR-132 (0.24±0.16 vs 0.30±0.11, p=0.03), while the circulating levels of miR-143 were higher (0.96±0.90 vs 0.64±0.77, p=0.02). The levels in circulation demonstrated trends opposite to previously observed intracellular levels in patients with CAD. In obese patients with NAFLD, lower circulating levels of miR-145 (1.42±1.00 vs 2.41±1.80), miR-211 (41.26±20.40 vs 57.56±25.45), miR-146a (2.13±1.40 vs 2.90±1.36) and miR-30c (6.92±4.99 vs 11.0±6.92) were detected when compared to lean patients with NAFLD. For miR-161 (0.59±1.19 vs 0.15±0.14) and miR-241 (0.28±0.29 vs 0.16±0.13), higher circulatory levels were detected in the obese patients with NAFLD. These observations suggest altered circulating levels of miRNAs that may serve to balance intracellular levels of miRNA in target tissues. Additional studies examining paired samples of target and producing tissues as well as respective plasma samples will help delineate the regulatory circuits governing the secretion and the uptake of miRNA in multitissue diseases.
Effectiveness and safety of treatments used for the management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Mitra Souvik , Florez Ivan D , Tamayo Maria E , Aune Dagfinn , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Veroniki Areti-Angeliki , Thabane Lehana 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionManagement of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants is one of the most controversial topics in neonatal medicine. The availability of different pharmacotherapeutic options often poses a practical challenge to the practising neonatologist as to which one to choose as a therapeutic option. Our objectives are to determine the relative merits of the available pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of PDA.Methods and AnalysisWe will conduct a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials evaluating the use of intravenous or oral: indomethacin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA in preterm infants. The primary outcome is failure of closure of the PDA. Secondary outcomes are neonatal mortality, need for surgical closure, duration of ventilator support, chronic lung disease, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotising enterocolitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, time to full enteral feeds and oliguria. We will search Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as grey literature resources. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, review full texts, extract information, and assess the risk of bias (ROB) and the confidence in the estimate (with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach). Subgroup analysis according to gestational age, birth weight, different doses of interventions, time of administration of the first dose of the intervention, and echocardiographic definition of haemodynamically significant PDA and ROB are planned. We will perform a Bayesian network meta-analysis to combine the pooled direct and indirect treatment effect estimates for each outcome, if adequate data are available.Ethics and DisseminationThe results will help to reduce the uncertainty about the safety and effectiveness of the interventions, will identify knowledge gaps or will encourage further research for other therapeutic options. Therefore, its results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. On the basis of the nature of its design, no ethics approval is necessary for this study.Trial registration numberCRD42015015797.
Catastrophic health expenditure according to employment status in South Korea: a population-based panel study
Authors: Choi Jae Woo , Kim Tae Hyun , Jang Sung In , Jang Suk Yong , Kim Woo-Rim , Park Eun Cheol 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesCatastrophic health expenditure (CHE) means that the medical spending of a household exceeds a certain level of capacity to pay. Previous studies of CHE have focused on benefits supported by the public sector or high medical cost incurred by treating diseases in South Korea. This study examines variance of CHE in these households according to changes in employment status. We also determine whether a relationship exists according to income level.DesignA longitudinal study.SettingWe used the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) conducted by the Korea Institute.ParticipantsThe data came from 5335 households during 2009–2012.Outcome measureCHE, defined as health expenditures that were 40% greater than the ability of the household to pay.ResultsHouseholds with people who experienced changes in job status from employed to unemployed (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.06 to 3.78) or were unemployed with no status change (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.92) were more likely to incur CHE than those containing people who were consistently employed. In addition, low-income families with members who had either lost a job (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.10) or were already unemployed (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.16) were more likely to incur CHE than those with family members with a consistent job.ConclusionsGiven the insecure employment status of people with low income, they are more likely to face barriers in obtaining needed health services. Meeting their healthcare needs is an important consideration.