bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted total knee arthroplasty in haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Kim K.‐I. , Kim D.‐K. , Juh H.‐S. , Khurana S. , Rhyu K.‐H. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionExecution of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in end‐stage haemophilic arthropathy is challenging because of soft tissue fibrosis, flexion contractures, poor quality of the bone, and the altered bony anatomy. Restoring the lower limb alignment and achieving range of motion (ROM) is difficult. Robots have been used in TKA to reduce the chances of malalignment and improve accuracy and precision. However, there has been no report in literature on use of robots for TKA in haemophilic arthropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether robot‐assisted TKA can be successfully carried out in haemophilic arthropathy and what precision could be obtained.MethodsThirty‐two robot‐assisted TKA were evaluated in 29 haemophilia patients. The mean follow up period was 5 years (range, 3–7 years). Hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) axis, component angles, and radiographic loosening were evaluated. Clinically ROM, Knee Society scores (KSS) and SF‐36 were assessed.ResultsThe HKA axis was within a range of 0 ± 3° in 30 knees (93.8%). The alignment of the components also presented satisfying results. KSS were improved from 27.1 to 82.8 postoperatively (P < 0.001). The ROM was improved from 70.7 to 84.7 postoperatively (P = 0.006). Complications included early haematoma in three knees, heterotopic ossification in three knees, periprosthetic infection in two knees.ConclusionsThough robotic TKA gives excellent accuracy of lower limb and component alignment, expensive cost, additional preparation time, longer operation time with similar clinical results in haemophilic arthropathy should be concerned.
Branched‐chain amino acid‐enriched nutrient increases blood platelet count in patients after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy
Authors: Furuichi Yoshihiro , Imai Yasuharu , Miyata Yuki , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Sano Takatomo , Taira Junichi , Kojima Mayumi , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Ikuo , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: February 2016

AimProtein and energy malnutrition is a severe problem for patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and fasting often induces starvation which is a vitally important outcome. Dietary restriction is essential for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in patients with risky esophageal varices, thereby creating the possible exacerbation of nutritional state and inducing liver dysfunction. Whether EIS induces nutritional deficiency in LC patients and the effects of branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA)‐enriched nutrient are prospectively investigated.MethodsA total of 61 LC patients were randomly divided into an EIS monotherapy group (non‐BCAA group, n = 31) and an EIS combined with BCAA therapy group (n = 30). Platelet count, blood chemistry and somatometry values were prospectively measured at five time points.ResultsThe platelet counts before treatment were at the same level in both groups (P = 0.72). Three months after treatment, the counts decreased in the non‐BCAA group; however, they increased in the BCAA group (P = 0.019). Body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness and arm muscle circumference significantly decreased in both groups. The BCAA and tyrosine ratio value increased only in the BCAA group (P < 0.01). The skeletal muscle volume measured by InBody720 significantly decreased in the non‐BCAA group (P < 0.001).ConclusionEIS induced protein‐energy malnutrition, however, skeletal muscle volume was maintained by taking BCAA. Administration of BCAA had some effect in maintaining the nutritional state, and may improve the platelet count. Taking a greater amount of nutrients and shorter dietary restriction period or hospitalization was desirable.
Eliminating the use of intravenous glass bottles using a FOCUS-PDCA model and providing a practical stability reference guide
Authors: Maraiki Fatma , Farooq Faiyaz , Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the intravenous (IV) medications that are prepared in glass bottles at the institution and establish which of these medications can be prepared in flexible IV bags such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or non-PVC instead of glass bottles. The cost implication of switching from glass bottles to flexible IV bags was calculated.

Methods
A study using FOCUS-PDCA model to identify IV medications prepared in glass bottles and establish which of these medications could be prepared in IV bags (PVC or non-PVC). The cost impact of switching from glass bottles to IV plastic bags (including PVC or non-PVC) was calculated. The stability data obtained were used as a reference for updating pharmacy internal IV preparation charts.

Key findings
A total of 17 IV medications were found to be prepared in IV glass bottles. Of these 17 medications, only 8 (47%) were prepared in IV glass bottles due to incompatibility with PVC bags. For 7 (41%) of the medications, of which 6 were monoclonal antibodies (MABs), the reason for preparation in glass bottles was unclear as these medications are compatible with either PVC or non-PVC or both. The potential cost savings associated with switching all of the identified medications to IV plastic bags (either non-PVC or PVC) exceeded $200 000.

Conclusions
The elimination of glass bottles within the institution resulted in a significant cost saving. The use of FOCUS-PDCA model can help healthcare institution achieve significant improvements in process and realize significant cost savings.
Refocusing on physical health: Community psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of using enhanced health checks for people with severe mental illness
Authors: Bressington Daniel , Mui Jolene , Wells Harvey , Chien Wai Tong , Lam Claire , White Jacquie , Gray Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the present qualitative, descriptive study, we explored Hong Kong community psychiatric nurses’ (CPN) perceptions of using comprehensive physical health checks for service users diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI). Research interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 11 CPN in order to explore their perceptions about the use of the Health Improvement Profile (HIP) over a 1‐year period. Interview data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The analysis revealed that the majority of CPN appreciated the comprehensive focus on the physical health of their clients and reported positive changes in their clinical practice. Many of them observed an increase in the motivation of their clients to improve their physical health, and also noted observable benefits in service users’ well‐being. The use of the HIP also helped the CPN identify implementation barriers, and highlighted areas of the tool that required modifications to suit the local cultural and clinical context. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in an Asian mental health service that explores nurses’ views about using comprehensive health checks for people with SMI. The findings suggest that such approaches are viewed as being acceptable, feasible, and potentially beneficial in the community mental health setting.
U‐Th Zircon Dating by Laser Ablation Single Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS)
Authors: Guillong Marcel , Sliwinski Jakub T. , Schmitt Axel , Forni Francesca , Bachmann Olivier 
Published: February 2016

Zircon crystals in the age range of ca. 10–300 ka can be dated by 230Th/238U (U‐Th) disequilibrium methods because of the strong fractionation between Th and U during crystallisation of zircon from melts. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analysis of nine commonly used reference zircons (at secular equilibrium) and a synthetic zircon indicates that corrections for abundance sensitivity and dizirconium trioxide molecular ions (Zr2O3+) are critical for reliable determination of 230Th abundances in zircon. When corrected for abundance sensitivity and interferences, mean activity ratios of (230Th)/(238U) for nine reference zircons analysed on five different days averaged 0.995 ± 0.023 (95% confidence weighted by data‐point uncertainty only, MSWD = 1.6; n = 9), consistent with their U‐Pb ages > 4 Ma that imply equilibrium for all intermediate daughter isotopes (including 230Th) within the 238U decay chain. U‐Th zircon ages generated by LA‐ICP‐MS without mitigating (e.g., by high mass resolution) or correcting for abundance sensitivity and molecular interferences on 230Th are potentially unreliable. To validate the applicability of LA‐ICP‐MS to this dating method, we acquired data from three late Quaternary volcanic units: the 41 ka Campanian Ignimbrite (plutonic clasts), the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff (juvenile clasts) and the 12 ka Puy de Dôme trachyte lava (all eruption ages by Ar/Ar, with zircon U‐Th ages being of equal or slightly older). A comparison of the corrected LA‐ICP‐MS results with previously published secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data for these rocks shows comparable ages with equivalent precision for LA‐ICP‐MS and SIMS, but much shorter analysis durations (~ 2 min vs. ~ 15 min) per spot with LA‐ICP‐MS and much simpler sample preparation. Previously undated zircons from the Yali eruption (Kos‐Nisyros volcanic centre, Greece) were analysed using this method. This yielded a large age spread (~ 45 to > 300 ka), suggesting significant antecryst recycling. The youngest zircon age (~ 45 ± 10 ka) provides a reasonable maximum estimate for the eruption age, in agreement with the previously published age using oxygen isotope stratigraphy (~ 31 ka).
Reduced Sink Activity in Growing Shoot Tissues of Maize under Salt Stress of the First Phase may be Compensated by Increased PEP‐Carboxylase Activity
Authors: Hütsch B. W. , Osthushenrich T. , Faust F. , Kumar A. , Schubert S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effects of salt stress (100 mm NaCl for 6 days) on growing tissues (shoot apex, growing leaf segments, root tips) of young maize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Pioneer 3906) were investigated in comparison to an unsalinized control, focusing on assimilate supply from source leaves and the activity of sucrolytic enzymes in the sink tissues. The objectives were to test whether (i) phloem unloading in growing tissues is mainly symplastic, (ii) salinity reduces sink activity, determined either as sucrose synthase activity (indicator for the symplastic pathway) or as acid invertase activity (indicator for the apoplastic pathway), and (iii) PEP‐carboxylase activity is increased under salinity to compensate for reduced sink activity. For growing tissues of young maize shoots, it can be assumed that phloem transport of sucrose is mainly driven by symplastic unloading into the sink cells. In maize root tips, both, apoplastic and symplastic pathways, contributed to carbohydrate supply to the sink cells. The activity of acid invertase in growing shoot tissues was very low, and the alkaline invertase contributed less than 10 % to the cytoplasmic sucrolytic activity. Salt stress of the first phase (mainly osmotic stress) caused a significant inhibition of acid invertase activity in the growing leaf segments and in the root tips, which was also true for alkaline invertase activity in the root tips as well as for sucrose synthase activity in root tips and shoot apex. The decrease of sucrose synthase activity in shoot apex might be particularly detrimental for the plant growth, as this tissue with a high cell division rate relied entirely on cytoplasmic enzyme activities. Under salt stress, PEP carboxylase activity was significantly increased in growing leaves and the shoot apex of maize, whereas no significant effect was observed in the root apex. In conclusion, PEP carboxylase can have an anaplerotic function supporting the demand for metabolites in growing shoot tissues of young maize plants under salt stress. In root tips, an additional supply of organic acids to the tricarboxylic acid cycle is probably not needed, as sucrolytic sink activity, which was high even under saline conditions, can meet the demand of the sink cells.
Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions as measures of patient complexity and nursing care requirement in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Castellan Cristiana , Sluga Silvia , Spina Eleonora , Sanson Gianfranco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo describe the nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions for patients admitted to intensive care units and to assess their possible relation with classical outcomes like length of stay and mortality.BackgroundThe analysis of nursing diagnosis frequencies may help to estimate the patients’ complexity and the need for nursing interventions and can predict hospital outcomes. Nonetheless, few studies were conducted on critical patients.DesignProspective cohort observational study.MethodsBetween 15 July–31 October 2013 we collected the above‐described nursing parameters of 100 subjects throughout their stay in intensive care. We classified the parameters according to established taxonomies. The independent association between the number of nursing diagnoses and length of stay/mortality was investigated with multiple regressions.ResultsWe found an average of 19 diagnoses, 24 outcomes and 60 interventions per patient. Most frequently, the plans of care involved support for self‐care deficits or interrupted family processes. They also included strategies to prevent infection, disuse syndrome and impairment of skin integrity. Nineteen nursing diagnoses were significantly related with mortality or length of stay in bivariate analyses. In regression models, the number of such diagnoses explained 29·7% of the variance in length of stay and was an independent predictor of mortality.ConclusionIn critically ill patients, the analysis of nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions confirmed an intense activity in response to a broad spectrum of patient needs. The number of nursing diagnoses allowed to predict patient outcomes.
Effects of Single and Multiple Blood Pressure Measurement Strategies on the Prediction of Prevalent Screen‐Detected Diabetes Mellitus: A Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Mbanya Vivian N. , Mbanya Jean‐Claude , Kufe Clement , Kengne Andre P. 
Published: February 2016

The authors investigated the effects of single and multiple blood pressure (BP) measurements during the same encounter on screen‐detected diabetes risk. Data for 9018 Cameroonian adults from a community‐based survey were used. Resting BP was measured three times 5 minutes apart. Logistic regressions were used to compute the odd ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) higher BP variables. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), but not pulse pressure, were related to prevalent diabetes. The highest OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) per SD higher pressure were recorded for MAP (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.28) and systolic BP (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04–1.27). Estimates of the association were highest for the first, then third, and lastly the second BP measurements. Estimates from average BP measurements were not better than those from single measurement. Single BP measurement is more effective for diabetes risk screening than multiple measurements. Community‐based diabetes strategies utilizing a single measurement are simple without compromising the yield.
Controversies Surrounding Renal Denervation: Lessons Learned From Real‐World Experience in Two United Kingdom Centers
Authors: Burchell Amy E. , Chan Kenneth , Ratcliffe Laura E.K. , Hart Emma C. , Saxena Manish , Collier David J. , Jain Ajay K. , Mathur Anthony , Knight Charles J. , Caulfield Mark J. , Paton Julian F.R. , Nightingale Angus K. , Lobo Melvin D. , Baumbach Andreas 
Published: February 2016

Renal denervation (RDN) is a therapy that targets treatment‐resistant hypertension (TRH). The Renal Denervation in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension (Symplicity) HTN‐1 and Symplicity HTN‐2 trials reported response rates of >80%; however, sham‐controlled Symplicity HTN‐3 failed to reach its primary blood pressure (BP) outcome. The authors address the current controversies surrounding RDN, illustrated with real‐world data from two centers in the United Kingdom. In this cohort, 52% of patients responded to RDN, with a 13±32 mm Hg reduction in office systolic BP (SBP) at 6 months (n=29, P=.03). Baseline office SBP and number of ablations correlated with office SBP reduction (R=−0.47, P=.01; R=−0.56, P=.002). RDN appears to be an effective treatment for some patients with TRH; however, individual responses are highly variable. Selecting patients for RDN is challenging, with only 10% (33 of 321) of the screened patients eligible for the study. Medication alterations and nonadherence confound outcomes. Adequate ablation is critical and should impact future catheter design/training. Markers of procedural success and improved patient selection parameters remain key research aims.
Aortic VCAM‐1: an early marker of vascular inflammation in collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Denys Anne , Clavel Gaëlle , Lemeiter Delphine , Schischmanoff Olivier , Boissier Marie‐Christophe , Semerano Luca 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are limited experimental data on vascular involvement in arthritis models. To study the link between CVD and inflammation in RA, we developed a model of vascular dysfunction and articular inflammation by collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in C57Bl/6 (B6) mice. We studied the expression of vascular inflammatory markers in CIA with and without concomitant hyperlipidic diet (HD). Collagen‐induced arthritis was induced with intradermal injection of chicken type‐II collagen followed by a boost 21 days later. Mice with and without CIA were fed a standard diet or an HD for 12 weeks starting from the day of the boost. Arthritis severity was evaluated with a validated clinical score. Aortic mRNA levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin‐17 were analysed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 localization in the aortic sinus was determined by immunohistochemistry. Atherosclerotic plaque presence was assessed in aortas. Collagen‐induced arthritis was associated with increased expression of VCAM‐1, independent of diet. VCAM‐1 overexpression was detectable as early as 4 weeks after collagen immunization and persisted after 15 weeks. The HD induced atheroma plaque formation and aortic iNOS expression regardless of CIA. Concomitant CIA and HD had no additive effect on atheroma or VCAM‐1 or iNOS expression. CIA and an HD diet induced a distinct and independent expression of large‐vessel inflammation markers in B6 mice. This model may be relevant for the study of CVD in RA.
Prognostic significance of EZH2 expression in patients with oesophageal cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yawei , Gao Fang , Zhao Meng , Li Bing , Xing Dan , Wang Jie , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEnhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2), a key component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), was of great importance in human cancer pathogenesis. Various studies examined the relationship between EZH2 overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with digestive cancers, but yielded conflicting results. Electronic databases updated to January 2015 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between EZH2 overexpression and survival of patients with digestive cancers. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analysed. We performed a meta‐analysis of 10 studies (n = 1461 patients) that evaluated the correlation between EZH2 overexpression and survival in patients with digestive cancers. Combined hazard ratios suggested that EZH2 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.27–1.81) in patients with oesophageal cancer. In the stratified analysis, no significant risks were found among gastric cancer (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.16–1.15) and colorectal cancer (HR = 0.91, 0.63–1.19), indicating that EZH2 was not an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer or colorectal cancer. Enhancer of zeste 2 overexpression indicates a poor prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer, but not among gastric cancer or colorectal cancer.
Outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus following hepatic resection
Authors: Lu Chong De , Wang Kang , Zhang Cun Zhen , Zhou Fei Guo , Guo Wei Xing , Wu Meng Chao , Cheng Shu Qun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimPortal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is not commonly used in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and its impact on the prognosis of ICC is unclear. We aimed to assess the outcomes of ICC with or without PVTT after hepatic resection.MethodsFrom January 2000 to December 2005, the data from all consecutive patients with ICC who underwent hepatic resection at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Cheng's PVTT Classification (types I–IV), we compared the survival outcomes of ICC patients (with or without PVTT) and prognosis of patients with ICC with different types of PVTT.ResultsThree hundred and three patients with ICC were enrolled in this study (59 with PVTT). The incidence of PVTT was 19.4% (59/303). The median survival times were 12.68 and 28.91 months for ICC patients with and without PVTT, respectively (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that PVTT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.783; confidence interval 95% [1.279; 2.487]) was an independent risk factor for overall survival. Patients with type I PVTT exhibited significantly better survival than those with types II and III PVTT.ConclusionThe ICC patients with PVTT exhibit a poorer prognosis compared with ICC patients without PVTT after hepatic resection.
Electric Motorcycles in Thailand: A Life Cycle Perspective
Authors: Kerdlap Piya , Gheewala Shabbir H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBattery electric motorcycles offer the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption in road transportation, but result in problem shifting when considering potential environmental impacts during vehicle production and disposal. This study evaluates the life cycle environmental impacts of implementing lithium‐ion and lead‐acid battery electric motorcycles in Thailand's motorcycle fleet to meet the government's motorcycle energy reduction target of 2,791 kilotonnes oil equivalent, compared to conventional motorcycles. A stock‐turnover model is used to determine the market growth of electric motorcycles on the fleet from 2015 to 2030 to meet the energy reduction target. The total costs of ownership of each motorcycle are analyzed on a single vehicle basis to compare the cost benefits. The results of the study reveal that the environmental performance of an electric motorcycle fleet is sensitive to variations in use‐phase energy consumption, the electricity mix consumed, and battery disposal scenarios. Realization of Thailand's Power Development Plan can reduce total impacts of the electric motorcycle fleet to global warming by 6% to 10%. It is crucial that batteries from electric motorcycles are recycled to avoid 98% of impacts to toxicity. Lead‐acid battery electric motorcycles are a more affordable option for consumers in Thailand compared to conventional motorcycles and lithium‐ion battery electric motorcycles. Recommendations are made to improve the environmental performance of electric motorcycle implementation strategies in Thailand.