bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on fifth forces and ultralight dark matter from OSIRIS-REx target asteroid Bennu
Authors: Tsai Yu-Dai , Farnocchia Davide , Micheli Marco , Vagnozzi Sunny , Visinelli Luca 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is important to test the possible existence of fifth forces, as ultralight bosons that would mediate these are predicted to exist in several well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model. Recent work indicated asteroids as promising probes, but applications to real data are lacking so far. Here we use the OSIRIS-REx mission and ground-based tracking data for the asteroid Bennu to derive constraints on fifth forces. Our limits are strongest for mediator masses m ~ (10−18-10−17) eV, where we currently achieve the tightest bounds. These can be translated to a wide class of models leading to Yukawa-type fifth forces, and we demonstrate how they apply to U(1)B dark photons and baryon-coupled scalars. Our results demonstrate the potential of asteroid tracking in probing well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model and ultralight bosons near the fuzzy dark matter range.
Droplets can enhance microcapsule deformation in channel flow
Authors: Jing Dalei , Lu Ruixin , Farutin Alexander , Guo Ziyu , Wang Fan , Wang Wen , Misbah Chaouqi , Sui Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of soft microparticles enclosed in a droplet flowing in a channel is an unexplored fundamental problem that lies at the heart of numerous applications, including droplet-based microfluidics, tissue engineering and smart material synthesis. Here we show that enclosing a flexible capsule into a droplet can amplify the capsule’s deformation parameters in channel flow by up to two orders of magnitude. Previously unreported capsule equilibrium shapes in channel flow, including an oblate spheroid and a reversed bullet, have also been discovered. We propose two theoretical models to predict the equilibrium position of the capsule inside the droplet, and estimate the capsule deformation, respectively. The present study provides an effective but simple approach to enhance and control the deformation of soft particles in a flowing suspension, which may inspire widespread applications, from high-throughput single-cell mechanical phenotyping, enhanced cross-membrane drug delivery, to manufacturing shape-controlled non-spherical particles and artificial cells.
Modified FDM with cartesian expansions for electromagnetic scattering from PEC targets
Authors: Wang Qiong , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, a modified scheme of the fast dipole method (FDM) is proposed based on the Cartesian tensor. To achieve separation between the field and the source, the Taylor series used in the FDM is an incomplete second‐order expansion, which limits computational accuracy and flexibility. To address this issue, a Cartesian tensor is employed to expand the interactions between the far‐group pairs. This approach allows for a complete expansion of any order and offers flexibility in precision control, enabling a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy requirements across different application scenarios. Moreover, the computational accuracy of the proposed method can be improved without a substantial increase in time and memory requirements compared to the FDM. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated with numerical examples.
A coordination control between energy storage based DVR and wind turbine for continuous fault ride‐through
Authors: Chen Xunjun , Geng Guangchao , Jiang Quanyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContinuous fault ride‐through (CFRT) issues often arise in wind power systems. CFRT results in continuous voltage fluctuations which is characterized by “initially decreasing and then increasing” and can significantly disrupt the normal operation of wind power systems. To mitigate CFRT related problems, one approach is the utilization of energy storage (ES) based dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs). Nevertheless, the prohibitive costs and substantial ES requirements hamper practical implementation. In this article, a control scheme incorporating adaptive mode switching and coordinated control is proposed. First, the adaptive mode switching control leverages the advantages of two DVR compensation methods to reduce the injected voltage amplitude. The mode switching is activated by the DC link voltage and utilizes the PQR transformation to unlock the phase‐locked loop (PLL). Subsequently, an adaptive coordination coefficient is introduced, which considers the margin of ES regulation power and rotor inertia, to maintain power balance during CFRT. This proposed control strategy not only enables wind turbines to seamlessly ride through continuous faults without disconnecting from the grid but also leads to a reduction in the ES compensation requirement. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulations based on Simulink and hardware‐in‐loop (HIL) experiments are conducted.
An optically dark merging system at z ∼ 6 detected by JWST
Authors: Rodighiero G. , Enia A. , Bisigello L. , Girardi G. , Gandolfi G. , Kohandel M. , Pallottini A. , Badinelli N. , Grazian A. , Ferrara A. , Vulcani B. , Bianchetti A. , Marasco A. , Sinigaglia F. , Castellano M. , Santini P. , Cassata P. , Corsini E. M. , Gruppioni C. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Near- to mid-infrared observations (from Spitzer and JWST) have revealed a hidden population of galaxies at redshift z = 3 − 6 called optically dark objects, which are believed to be massive and dusty star-formers. They contribute substantially to the cosmic star-formation rate (SFR) density at z ∼ 4 − 5 (up to 30 − 40%).
Aims. While optically dark sources are widely recognized as a significant component of the stellar mass function, the history of their stellar mass assembly (and the evolution of their interstellar medium) remains unexplored. However, they are thought to be the progenitors of the more massive early-type galaxies found in present-day groups and clusters. It is thus important to examine the possible connection between dark sources and merging events in order to understand the environment in which they live.
Methods. Here, we report our search for close companions in a sample of 19 optically-dark objects identified in the SMACS0723 JWST deep field. They were selected in the NIRCam F444W band and undetected below 2 μm. We restricted our analysis to the reddest (i.e., F277W–F444W > 1.3) and brightest (F444W < 26 mag) objects.
Results. We identified KLAMA, an optically dark source showing a very close companion (angular distance < 0.5″). The spatially resolved SED fitting procedure indicates that all components lying within 1.5″ of who is it the dark source are indeed at z ∼ 5.7. Tidal features (leading to a whale-shaped morphology) corroborate the hypothesis that KLAMA is the most massive (log(M⋆/M⊙) > 10.3) and dusty (AV ∼ 3 at the core) system of an ongoing merger with a mass ratio of ∼10. Thus, around ten similar merger events would be required to double the stellar mass of KLAMA. Merging systems with properties similar to KLAMA are identified in the SERRA simulations, allowing us to reconstruct their stellar-mass assembly history and predict their molecular gas properties (in particular, the [CII] emission for the simulated system).
Conclusions. The discovery of mergers within dark galaxies at the end of the Epoch of Reionization highlights the importance of conducting a statistical search for additional candidates in deep NIRCam fields. Such research will aid in our understanding of the significance of merging processes during the obscured phase of stellar-mass accumulation.
Numerical investigation of magnetic reconnection in Jupiter’s dayside magnetodisc
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zhang Binzheng , Delamere Peter A. , Yao Zhonghua , Guo Ruilong , Brambles Oliver 
Published: September 2024

Context. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection is a unique process that may occur in rapidly rotating magnetospheres with internal plasma sources, and it is not expected at Earth. Several observations suggest that dayside magnetodisc reconnection could be driven in the Kronian magnetosphere. This raises the question as to whether it can occur at Jupiter, the fastest rotating planet in the Solar System. Recent reports have suggested its occurrence, but the limited number of identified events leaves the overall global picture in the Jovian magnetosphere uncertain.
Aims. The primary objective of this study is to answer whether dayside magnetodisc reconnection could exist within the Jovian magnetosphere through the use of global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. Additionally, we aim to conduct a numerical investigation to reveal its general distribution for possible future exploration.
Methods. The numerical simulations for Jovian magnetospheric dynamics are based on three-dimensional MHD calculations, which enable magnetic reconnection through numerical resistivity. In post-processing procedures, the simulated magnetodisc reconnection event is primarily identified by equatorial Bθ reversals, accompanied by an analysis of local plasma flows and global magnetic field lines.
Results. Our global MHD simulations reveal the existence of magnetodisc reconnection within the dayside Jovian magnetosphere. The simulation results indicate that dayside magnetodisc reconnection is more likely to occur during solar wind rarefaction, primarily due to the rapid expansion of the dayside magnetospheric volume. This expansion allows a rotation-driven centrifugal force to generate sufficient magnetic field line stretching for current sheet thinning and reconnection. In simulated dayside events, Bθ reversals may occur locally or non-locally through rotational transport from reconnection sites at earlier magnetic local times.
Conclusions. The existence and the features derived from simulations are testable as Galileo/Juno has accumulated a considerable amount of dayside magnetospheric data. These results are valuable for future Jovian missions, such as JUICE and Europa Clipper, and provide new insights into interpreting measurements from other rapidly rotating systems.
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Chronic Hypertension in the Era of Prevention: A Contemporary, Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data from the National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Stairs Jocelyn , Nash Christopher M. , Rolnik Daniel L. 
Published: September 2024

Objective Chronic hypertension is a known risk factor for the development of preeclampsia and obstetrical morbidity. However, recent risk estimates, particularly in the era of use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for preeclampsia prevention, are lacking. This study aimed to estimate the association between chronic hypertension and preeclampsia and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in a contemporary cohort of births spanning the period, since the introduction of a low-dose acetylsalicylic acid protocol. The secondary outcome was to estimate trends in preeclampsia and preterm birth among patients with chronic hypertension during the study period.
Study Design A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample Database to identify individuals discharged from hospitals in the United States following obstetrical delivery from 2014 to 2019. Pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension were identified using ICD 9/10 (International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th editions) codes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for the association between chronic hypertension and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with pregnancies not complicated by chronic hypertension. Temporal trends in preeclampsia and preterm birth among patients with chronic hypertension were estimated over the study period.
Results Among 4,451,667 obstetrical delivery-related admissions, 139,556 (3.1%) included pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension. Of these, 27,146 (19.4%) admissions included pregnancies with superimposed preeclampsia, compared with 222,351 (5.2%) of admissions that included pregnancies with preeclampsia without prior diagnosis of chronic hypertension. Pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension were associated with 3.29 times the odds of preeclampsia compared with pregnancies without chronic hypertension (95% confidence interval: 3.22–3.36), but the odds of preeclampsia (p-value for linear trend <0.0001) and preterm birth (p-value for linear trend = 0.0001) in this subgroup decreased over the study period.
Conclusion While the odds of preeclampsia are increased among pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension, the odds of preeclampsia in this population have decreased over time.
Key Points
Randomized controlled trial of an artificial intelligence diagnostic system for the detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in clinical practice
Authors: Nakao Eisuke , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Kato Yusuke , Namikawa Ken , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Kurihara Nozomi , Ishizuka Naoki , Ishihara Ryu , Tada Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in image recognition using deep learning systems. It has been used to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, none of the previous reports were investigations in a clinical setting, being retrospective in design. We therefore conducted this trial to determine how AI can help endoscopists detect ESCC in a clinical setting.
Methods This was a prospective, single-center, exploratory, and randomized controlled trial. High risk patients with ESCC undergoing screening or surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the AI or control groups. In the AI group, the endoscopists watched both the AI monitor that detected ESCC with annotation and the normal monitor simultaneously; in the control group, the endoscopists watched only the normal monitor. In both groups, the endoscopists observed the esophagus using white-light imaging (WLI), followed by narrow-band imaging (NBI), then iodine staining. The primary end point was the enhanced detection rate of ESCC by nonexperts using AI. The detection rate was defined as the ratio of WLI/NBI-detected ESCCs to all ESCCs detected by iodine staining.
Results 320 patients were included in the analysis. The detection
rate of ESCC among nonexperts was 47% in the AI group and 45% in the control group (P = 0.93), with no significant difference, which was similarly found
for experts (87% vs. 57%; P = 0.20) and all endoscopists (57% vs.
50%; P = 0.70).
Conclusions This study could not demonstrate an improvement in the esophageal cancer detection rate using the AI diagnostic support system for ESCC.
One-step ultrafast Joule heating synthesis of EuB6 ceramics and their electronic transport and magnetic properties
Authors: Li Chen , Xu Jia-Yi , Chen Yang , Liu Zhen-Tao , Tang Fang , Lai Jian-Feng , Wang Zhao-Cai , Fang Yong , Ye Mao , Zheng Ren-Kui 
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of high-performance rare-earth borides (e.g., RB2, RB4, R2B5, RB6, RB12, and RB66) typically necessitates sintering at high temperatures and high pressures for prolonged durations. Traditional methods, such as hot-pressing sintering and spark plasma sintering, are marked by high production costs and low efficiency. Here, using EuB6 as an example, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of rare-earth boride ceramics utilizing the one-step ultrafast joule heating technology. Using this method, we optimized the sintering temperature and duration and synthesized EuB6 ceramics with superior electronic and magnetic properties at 1600 °C in just 5 min. The EuB6 ceramics prepared under optimized conditions show distinct paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition, significant negative magnetoresistance, and enhanced magnetization. The combination of the one-step ultrafast Joule heating technology and boron thermal reduction method offers a simple and fast synthesis approach for fabricating polycrystalline EuB6 and may be extended to prepare other rare-earth and transition-metal borides.
Silicon core fibers: A new platform for quantum light generation
Authors: Rizzotti Davide , Signorini Stefano , Harvey Clarissa , Fokine Michael , Pruneri Valerio 
Published: September 2024

Integrated quantum sources are proving to be the most effective technology of sources for scalable quantum applications. A platform that satisfies all the requirements has not prevailed yet. In this framework, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a photon pair source in a silicon core fiber. The fiber, only 58 mm long, works at room temperature and shows an intrinsic brightness of 570 kHz/nm/mW2 and a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 133 ± 2 at around 1.55 μm wavelength. The low propagation losses of the platform, ∼0.3 dB/cm in our source, pave the way for effective fiber-based quantum sources in the telecom band. A comparison with state-of-the-art further confirms the potential of this platform for future applications, especially in the field of quantum communication.
Search for inhomogeneous Meissner screening in Nb induced by low-temperature surface treatments
Authors: McFadden Ryan M. L. , Junginger Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Empirical surface treatments, such as low-temperature baking (LTB) in a gaseous atmosphere or in vacuum, are important for the surface preparation of Nb superconducting radio frequency cavities. These treatments inhomogeneously dope approximately the first 50 nm of Nb’s subsurface and are expected to impart depth-dependent characteristics to its Meissner response; however, direct evidence supporting this remains elusive, suggesting the effect is subtle. In this work, we revisit the Meissner profile data for several LTB treatments obtained from low-energy muon spin rotation (LE-μSR) experiments [Romanenko et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 072601 (2014) and McFadden et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 044018 (2023)] and search for signatures of inhomogeneous field screening. Using a generalized London expression with a recently proposed empirical model for depth-dependent magnetic penetration lengths λ(z), we obtain improved fits to the Meissner data, revealing that the presence of a non-superconducting surface “dead layer” d ≳ 25 nm is a strong indicator of a reduced supercurrent density at shallow subsurface depths. Our analysis supports the notion that vacuum annealing at 120 °C for 48 h induces a depth-dependent Meissner response, which has consequences for Nb’s ability to maintain a magnetic-flux-free state. Evidence of similar behavior from a “nitrogen infusion” treatment is less compelling. Suggestions for further investigation into the matter are provided.
Estimating net energy requirements of male Djallonke sheep
Authors: Oualyou Ouermi , Gnanda Isidore B. , Zampaligre Nouhoun , Kere Michel , Traore Kadiatou , Yoda Gildas L. M. , Bougouma-Yameogo V. M. C. , Balehegn Mulubran , Adesogan Adegbola , Kebreab Ermias 
Published: September 2024

Context Energy requirements in sheep can vary significantly due to various factors, including age, breed, sex and environmental conditions. Genetic selection and crossbreeding further contribute to this variability. Although guidelines from the US and UK national research councils are commonly used for formulating sheep diets, they may not adequately account for the unique characteristics of sheep in Africa. Aims The study aimed to estimate the net maintenance energy requirement of male Djallonke sheep. This estimation will provide a basis for comparing the energy requirements of Djallonke sheep with national recommendations and recent estimates for other sheep breeds. Methods Sixteen entire male Djallonke sheep were selected and grouped by weight. They were then randomly allocated to four treatment groups in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The sheep were fed to achieve intake levels ranging from 1 to 1.75 multiples of their maintenance energy requirement. Gas exchange data were collected using the GreenFeed system over a 3-day period at the conclusion of each treatment period. Heat production was calculated using the established Brouwer’s equation. A linear regression equation was developed to relate heat production to metabolisable energy intake scaled by metabolic bodyweight to calculate the net energy for maintenance. Key results The estimated net energy for maintenance for male Djallonke sheep was determined to be 0.354 MJ/kg BW0.75. This estimation indicated that the energy requirements of male Djallonke sheep exceeded the recommendations provided by the US National Research Council and the UK Agricultural and Food Research Council. However, it closely aligned with an updated estimate of 0.358 MJ/kg BW0.75. Conclusions Based on the study’s findings, male Djallonke sheep have higher energy requirements for maintenance than what is commonly recommended by existing guidelines. Therefore, it is advisable to update ration formulation software for male Djallonke sheep to better reflect their actual energy requirements for maintenance. Implications These results have practical implications for the formulation of diets and feeding management practices for male Djallonke sheep. Adhering to updated energy requirement estimates can help improve the efficiency and productivity of sheep production in the context of Djallonke sheep farming.
‘These results are inconsistent’
Authors: Casal J. Elliott , Zhang Genggeng , Matouq Ghadi , Alqabba Hana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shell nouns (SNs; e.g., fact and problem) are an open group of abstract nouns defined
functionally through use as emergent ‘shells’ referencing and labeling ideas in surrounding discourse. This paper analyzes the
‘this/these + [SN]’ pattern in second language (L2) English Master’s theses and published English research articles (RAs)
across three Engineering disciplines (Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical), with a secondary focus on unattended ‘this/these’
use and disciplinary variation. The corpus includes 60 RAs per discipline (840,683 words) and 25 Master’s theses per discipline (899,182
words). Corpus methods were used to support manual identification of ‘this/these + [SN]’. Results show that L2 English
Master’s thesis writers used this pattern significantly less than writers of RAs. Normalized frequencies, frequent SNs, and functional
patterns are also presented across genres and disciplines. L2 writers and experts use a similar range of SN types, and expert writers adopt
a more rhetorically sophisticated means of organizing information.
‘Dear guest, pay for your language’. How accommodation rating and ownership effect language presence
on the Online Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Bruyèl-Olmedo Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present paper draws on the concept of Online Linguistic Landscape (Kallen,
Ní Dhonnacha & Wade, 2020) to explore code preference on hospitality websites at international tourist
destinations. The analysis of a purpose-made database comprising the websites of all 254 accommodation establishments in Palma
(Mallorca, Spain) reveals that although major tourist markets condition code presence on websites, the wide array of languages
displayed does not correspond to the narrower catalogue of visiting nationalities. Beyond the strictly informative, websites have
become effective promotion and sales tools, and marketability derived from vogue associations may mean that a language is listed
on a website, even when other, more frequent guest languages are not. The scant online presence of Catalan, the autochthonous
language of Mallorca, illustrates how, in mass tourism environments, minority languages are at the crossroads of succumbing to the
demands of the market or submitting to processes of commodification of uncertain outcome.