bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying heat transfer on inclined printed circuit boards during vapour phase soldering
Authors: Geczy Attila , Nagy Daniel , Illes Balazs , Fazekas Laszlo , Krammer Oliver , Busek David 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to present an investigation of heating during vapour phase soldering (VPS) on inclined printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. The PCB is a horizontal rectangular plate from the aspect of filmwise condensation with a given inclination setting.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper focuses on the measurement of temperature distribution on the PCBs with a novel setup immersed in the saturated vapour space. The measuring instrumentation is optimized to avoid and minimize vapour perturbing effects.

Findings
The inhomogeneity of the heating is presented according to the lateral dimensions of the PCB. The inclination improves temperature uniformity, improves heat transfer efficiency; however, a minor misalignment may affect the flow and result in uneven heating.

Practical implications
The results can be implemented for practical improvements in industrial ovens with the use of intended inclination. The improvements may consequently point to more efficient production and better joint quality.

Originality/value
The novel method can be used for deeper investigation of inclination during and can be complemented with numerical calculations. The results highlight the importance of precise PCB holding instrumentation in VPS ovens.
Stability of electrical properties for mechanically exposed thick- and thin-film resistors on flexible substrates
Authors: Dziedzic Andrzej , Osypiuk Pawel , Steplewski Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to verify the influence of mechanical factors (longitudinal elongation at constant stretching velocity, constant elongation strain and cyclic compressive and tensile stresses) on the electrical properties of thin-film and polymer thick-film resistors on flexible substrates.

Design/methodology/approach
Kapton foil was used as a substrate for all test samples. Designed resistive structures were made with the aid of two polymer thick-film resistive inks or OhmegaPly Ni-P resistive foil. Two different topologies – the horseshoe and triangular – were used. These topologies should have the opposite stability parameters.

Findings
Almost all presented data confirm the influence of the topology of resistors on stability of their electrical properties. The resistive materials applied for test structures also affect the stability under various mechanical exposures.

Originality/value
In general, the largest changes were caused by longitudinal elongation at constant stretching velocity, whereas other tests caused smaller changes of electrical properties. The measurements confirm the influence of topology on stability of electric properties.
New method for determining correction factors for pin-in-paste solder volumes
Authors: Krammer Oliver , Varga Bertalan , Dušek Karel 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new method to calculate the appropriate volume of solder paste necessary for the pin-in-paste (PIP) technology. By the aid of this volume calculation, correction factors have been determined, which can be used to correct the solder fillet volume obtained by an explicit expression.

Design/methodology/approach
The method is based on calculating the optimal solder fillet shape and profile for through-hole (TH) components with given geometrical sizes. To calculate this optimal shape of the fillet, a script was written in Surface Evolver. The volume calculations were performed for different fillet radiuses (0.4-1.2 mm) and for different component lead geometries (circular and square cross-sections). Finally, the volume obtained by the Evolver calculations was divided by the volume obtained by an explicit expression, and correction factors were determined for the varying parameters.

Findings
The results showed that the explicit expression underestimates the fillet volume necessary for the PIP technology significantly (15-35 per cent). The correction factors for components with circular leads ranged between 1.4 and 1.59, whereas the correction factors for square leads ranged between 1.1 and 1.27. Applying this correction can aid in depositing the appropriate solder paste volume for TH components.

Originality/value
Determining the correct volume of solder paste necessary for the PIP technology is crucial to eliminate the common soldering failure of TH components (e.g. voiding or non-wetted solder pads). The explicit expression, which is widely used for volume calculation in this field, underestimates the necessary volume significantly. The new method can correct this estimation, and can aid the industry to approach zero-defect manufacturing in the PIP technology.
An Ethnographic Study of Health Information Technology Use in Three Intensive Care Units
Authors: Leslie Myles , Paradis Elise , Gropper Michael A. , Kitto Simon , Reeves Scott , Pronovost Peter 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the impact of a full suite of health information technology (HIT) on the relationships that support safety and quality among intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians.Data SourcesA year‐long comparative ethnographic study of three academic ICUs was carried out. A total of 446 hours of observational data was collected in the form of field notes. A subset of these observations—134 hours—was devoted to job‐shadowing individual clinicians and conducting a time study of their HIT usage.Principal FindingsSignificant variation in HIT implementation rates and usage was noted. Average HIT use on the two “high‐use” ICUs was 49 percent. On the “low‐use” ICU, it was 10 percent. Clinicians on the high‐use ICUs experienced “silo” effects with potential safety and quality implications. HIT work was associated with spatial, data, and social silos that separated ICU clinicians from one another and their patients. Situational awareness, communication, and patient satisfaction were negatively affected by this siloing.ConclusionsHIT has the potential to accentuate social and professional divisions as clinical communications shift from being in‐person to electronically mediated. Socio‐technically informed usability testing is recommended for those hospitals that have yet to implement HIT. For those hospitals already implementing HIT, we suggest rapid, locally driven qualitative assessments focused on developing solutions to identified gaps between HIT usage patterns and organizational quality goals.
Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous azacitidine in Taiwanese patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Chou Wen‐Chien , Yeh Su‐Peng , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Lin Sheng‐Fung , Chen Yeu‐Chin , Chen Tsai‐Yun , Laille Eric , Galettis Anoula , Dong Qian , Songer Steve , Beach CL 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimClinical and pharmacokinetic effects of azacitidine in higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes were established in mainly Caucasian populations. Because of inter‐ethnic genotype variability of drug‐metabolizing enzymes, it is important to evaluate azacitidine in populations expected to use the drug.MethodsIn this single‐arm study, Taiwanese patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes received azacitidine 75 mg/m2/day for 7 days/28‐day cycle for up to six cycles. Response‐evaluable patients had baseline and cycle 6 marrow assessments. Clinical outcomes are compared descriptively with those from a phase 3 study comprising mainly Caucasian patients (N = 179). Pharmacokinetics in a subgroup of Taiwanese patients are descriptively compared with a historical control of North American patients (N = 45).ResultsMedian age of Taiwanese patients (N = 44) was 64 years (range 36–90), and 46% had poor cytogenetics. Median number of azacitidine cycles was six (1–6). No response‐evaluable patient (n = 33) achieved complete or partial remission; however, 22 patients (50%) achieved hematologic improvement, 12 of 32 patients attained RBC transfusion independence and 7 of 18 attained platelet transfusion independence. Most common grade 3–4 treatment‐emergent adverse events were neutropenia (52%) and leukopenia (39%). Pharmacokinetic profiles were similar for Taiwanese (N = 12) and North American (N = 45) patients. Maximum plasma concentration was higher in Taiwanese patients; however, mean azacitidine exposure was within the range for North American patients.ConclusionThese data confirm the safety and efficacy of azacitidine in Taiwanese patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Clinical outcomes were generally comparable with those for Caucasian patients. No meaningful differences in azacitidine pharmacokinetics were observed for Taiwanese patients, and no initial dose adjustment is necessary.
Prednisone treatment in infertile patients with oligozoospermia and accessory gland inflammatory alterations
Authors: Milardi D. , Luca G. , Grande G. , Ghezzi M. , Caretta N. , Brusco G. , De Filpo G. , Marana R. , Pontecorvi A. , Calafiore R. , Foresta C. , Garolla A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe association between inflammation of the male reproductive system and oligozoospermia has been frequently reported in the clinical work‐up of male infertility. To improve sperm parameters in infertile patients with genital inflammation, many phytochemical and nutraceutical drugs are currently being used. However, their use is still empirical and no conclusive data have been provided about their efficacy. The treatment with steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs might be useful in reducing inflammation and improving sperm parameters, thus increasing the fertility outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate if glucocorticoid treatment improves seminal parameters in infertile oligozoospermic patients presenting signs of accessory gland inflammation at genital ultrasound. A total of 90 infertile patients were enrolled in the study. They presented normal testicular volume, normal FSH plasma levels, the presence of various degrees of oligozoospermia, associated with scrotal and trans‐rectal ultrasound signs indicative of accessory gland inflammation, but negative microbiological analysis on semen and/or prostatic secretions. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups of treatment, receiving, respectively, 5, 12.5, and 25 mg daily oral Prednisone for one month. Seminal parameters were evaluated at admission and after treatment. In patients undergoing Prednisone treatment at a daily dose of 5 mg we observed a significant increase in total sperm count. At a daily dose of 12.5 mg, Prednisone treatment improved sperm concentration, total sperm count, and the percentage of sperm motility. Twenty‐five mg of Prednisone led to significant improvement in all the sperm parameters, except for semen volume. These results clearly demonstrate that Prednisone treatment can significantly improve sperm parameters in a selected population of oligozoospermic patients. These findings suggest that Prednisone treatment should be considered in idiopathic oligozoospermic patients with supposed normal spermatogenesis and accessory gland inflammatory alterations, in order to improve sperm parameters and fertility outcome.
Meta‐analysis of two surgical approaches for calcaneal fractures: sinus tarsi versus extensile lateral approach
Authors: Zhang Fei , Tian Hongtao , Li Shilun , Liu Bo , Dong Tianhua , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Yingze 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThere remains a controversy between extensile lateral approach and sinus tarsi approach (STA) to treat calcaneal fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the medium‐ and long‐term outcomes of the STA versus extensile lateral approach in terms of intraoperative variables, quality of alignment on a lateral radiograph incidence of wound healing complication, visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society for the treatment of calcaneal fractures.MethodsRelevant original studies were searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (January 1990 and November 2015). Studies included in this meta‐analysis had to compare the effectiveness or complications and provide sufficient data of interest. The patients treated by both methods were similar statistically in age, gender or injury mechanism. The Stata 11.0 was used to analyse all data.ResultsEight studies involving 564 participants were included. STA was associated with decreased incidence of overall complications (odds ratio: 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05–0.38) and wound healing complications (odds ratio: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06–0.41) and lower visual analogue scale score (standardized mean difference: −1.28; 95% CI: −2.27 to −0.29). However, there were no significant differences in other adverse events including the quality of anatomical reduction and the excellent and good rate according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society.ConclusionThe existing evidence supports STA to be a better approach for treating calcaneal fractures, and this might aid in the management of this injury.
Surgical outcomes for duodenal adenoma and adenocarcinoma: a multicentre study in Australia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Lee Chun Hin Angus , Shingler Guy , Mowbray Nicholas G. , Al‐Sarireh Bilal , Evans Peter , Smith Marty , Usatoff Val , Pilgrim Charles 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy is often required in patients with duodenal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and these patients generally have soft pancreatic texture and small pancreatic ducts, the two most significant factors associated with post‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF). The aims of the study were to evaluate the rate of POPF and long‐term outcomes for patients with duodenal adenoma and adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection.MethodsThis retrospective study (2004–2014) examined patients treated surgically with non‐ampullary duodenal tumours (NADTs) in two hepatopancreaticobiliary units in Victoria, Australia, and Swansea, UK.ResultsThere were 49 resections performed including 33 pancreaticoduodenectomies, five pancreas‐preserving total duodenectomies and 11 segmental duodenal resections. Median length of follow‐up was 23.5 months. Final histopathology revealed 18 duodenal adenomas and 31 adenocarcinomas. POPF rate for NADTs was 28.9% (of which 54.5% were grade C) compared to 14.5% for all other pathologies. Grade C POPF was associated with poorer survival outcomes (hazard ratio = 6.73; P = 0.005). The 5‐year overall survival for patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma was 66.5%.ConclusionDue to the soft pancreatic texture and small pancreatic duct, pancreatic resection for NADTs is associated with a high rate of POPF which contributes to reduced survival. Nevertheless, surgery is associated with favourable 5‐year survival compared to pancreatic resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Load response and gap formation in a single‐row cruciate suture rotator cuff repair
Authors: Huntington Lachlan , Richardson Martin , Sobol Tony , Caldow Jonathon , Ackland David C. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundDouble‐row rotator cuff tendon repair techniques may provide superior contact area and strength compared with single‐row repairs, but are associated with higher material expenses and prolonged operating time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gap formation, ultimate tensile strength and stiffness of a single‐row cruciate suture rotator cuff repair construct, and to compare these results with those of the Mason‐Allen and SutureBridge repair constructs.MethodsInfraspinatus tendons from 24 spring lamb shoulders were harvested and allocated to cruciate suture, Mason‐Allen and SutureBridge repair groups. Specimens were loaded cyclically between 10 and 62 N for 200 cycles, and gap formation simultaneously measured using a high‐speed digital camera. Specimens were then loaded in uniaxial tension to failure, and construct stiffness and repair strength were evaluated.ResultsGap formation in the cruciate suture repair was significantly lower than that of the Mason‐Allen repair (mean difference = 0.6 mm, P = 0.009) and no different from that of the SutureBridge repair (P > 0.05). Both the cruciate suture repair (mean difference = 15.7 N/mm, P = 0.002) and SutureBridge repair (mean difference = 15.8 N/mm, P = 0.034) were significantly stiffer than that of the Mason‐Allen repair; however, no significant differences in ultimate tensile strength between repair groups were discerned (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe cruciate suture repair construct, which may represent a simple and cost‐effective alternative to double‐row and double‐row equivalent rotator cuff repairs, has comparable biomechanical strength and integrity with that of the SutureBridge repair, and may result in improved construct longevity and tendon healing compared with the Mason‐Allen repair.
Clinico‐pathological correlation of hepatic angiomyolipoma: a series of 23 resection cases
Authors: Jung Dong Hwan , Hwang Shin , Hong Seung Mo , Kim Ki Hun , Ahn Chul Soo , Moon Deok Bog , Alshahrani Abdulwahab A , Lee Sung Gyu 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundAngiomyolipomas are rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and are derived from perivascular epithelioid cells. They usually develop in the kidney and rarely in the liver. Due to their rarity, most hepatic angiomyolipomas have been misinterpreted as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or other hypervascular liver tumours on imaging studies. We aimed to assess the clinico‐pathological correlation of hepatic angiomyolipoma.MethodsWe identified 23 patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma through an institutional database search.ResultsOf 5680 cases of primary liver tumours, 23 (0.4%) had angiomyolipomas (mean age, 43.6 ± 12.4 years; 16 female patients). Hepatitis B virus infection was noted in four patients, whereas a liver mass was incidentally detected on routine health screening in 13 patients. The preoperative diagnoses, before liver biopsy, included HCC in 14, angiomyolipoma in six, focal nodular hyperplasia in two and hepatic adenoma in one patient. Eventually, the preoperative diagnoses were changed to HCC in 12 and hepatic angiomyolipoma in 11 patients. The tumour size was 5.3 ± 4.6 cm, and 22 patients had a single tumour. All tumours exhibited positive findings for human melanoma black‑45 and smooth muscle actin staining. During a follow‐up period of 52.2 ± 23.7 months, none of the patients exhibited tumour recurrence or mortality.ConclusionsHepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare form of primary liver tumour and is often misdiagnosed as other hypervascular tumours. Although angiomyolipoma is benign in nature, it also has malignant potential; hence, resection is indicated if the tumour grows or malignancy cannot be excluded. Surgical resection is a definitive curative treatment of hepatic angiomyolipoma.
Multiple interventions with prolonged length of stay are required for treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Shilton Hamish , Breen Daniel , Gupta Sachin , Evans Peter , Pilgrim Charles 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundA proportion of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) develop necrosis. Around a third will become infected, and this is associated with a significant requirement for intervention and support. We evaluated the burden of necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) in an Australian tertiary hospital with regards to morbidity, mortality and resource consumption.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of patients with AP admitted for at least 5 days to identify those with NP between 2009 and 2014. Data were analysed in groups according to the determinant‐based classification of AP severity.ResultsOf 1339 patients with AP, 546 stayed 5 days or longer, and 38 had necrosis. Overall mortality for those with necrosis was 10.5% (4/38). Infection complicated necrosis in 45% (17/38). Organ failure also occurred in 45% (17/38) of patients with necrosis. All patients in the critical category and severe category required admission to the intensive care unit for a median of 21 and 12 days, respectively. A total of 90% of patients with critical category disease developed multi‐organ failure, whereas most with severe category disease developed single organ failure only. Overall length of stay increased with increasing severity of disease. Intervention was required in 82% of infected necrosis (median 4 procedures). Those without infection also required multiple radiological investigations (median 7).ConclusionNecrosis is uncommon in our cohort but is associated with a significant health‐care burden. Almost half the patients with necrosis develop organ failure requiring prolonged hospital and intensive care unit stay. Patients require multiple investigations and interventions for infected necrosis. NP remains a costly, morbid disease in our society.
Written instructions to patients to confirm pathology results: is this effective in the transmission of results?
Authors: Patwardhan Ashwin , Wilkins Simon , Staples Margaret , McMurrick Paul J. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundBowel cancer is the second most common internal malignancy in Australia. Bowel cancer is suited to community screening methods such as faecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. Typical reporting of histopathology results after colonoscopy takes 3–5 days. Patients were given written instructions to call the clinician within 3–5 days to discuss the histopathology results. The objective of the study was to perform an audit whether patients call the clinician to discuss their histopathology results after undergoing a colonoscopy, gastroscopy or both.MethodsA retrospective study was performed of patients attending for gastroscopy or colonoscopy at a single colorectal clinic at Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, between 1 January and 31 December 2014. Age, pre‐scope category and compliance with written instructions to callback were analysed.ResultsA total of 176 patients met the selection criteria, of whom 32.9% did not callback to discuss their histopathology results. Age and pre‐scope category were independent predictors for patients to callback after endoscopy. The mean age of the patients who called back was higher (P < 0.01). Compared with patients who had a previous polyp or resection, patients in the pre‐scope category of faecal occult blood testing/screening were more likely to callback (odds ratio: 4.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.17–16.31).ConclusionPatients undergoing a colonoscopy for the purposes of screening and older patients were more likely to callback. Patients aged 62 years and younger were less likely to callback and should be targeted. Enhancements to the way information is presented to patients (e.g. video) should be considered for future studies.
Osteochondroma on the cranial aspect of the distal radial metaphysis causing tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath in a horse
Authors: Russell JW , Hall MS , Kelly GM 
Published: January 2017

Case reportA 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented with a grade 3/5 lameness of the right forelimb and effusion of the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath (ECRTS). Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations revealed an osteochondroma on the cranial aspect of the distal radius projecting into the fibrous lining of theECRTS. An open surgical approach was used to remove the osteochondroma and some of the proliferative synovial tissue.ConclusionSix months after surgery the clinical signs had resolved and the horse raced successfully.