bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen imaging at the sediment‐water interface using lifetime‐based laser induced fluorescence (τLIF) of nano‐sized particles
Authors: Murniati E. , Gross D. , Herlina H. , Hancke K. , Glud R.N. , Lorke A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMost applications of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for dissolved oxygen (DO) imaging in flowing water are based on luminescence intensity measurements of a dissolved indicator. A major limitation for applying the technique in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) is the sorption of the luminescent dye to organic surfaces at the sediment. Many sediment and soil studies have used planar optodes on transparent foils as an imaging technique for observing concentration distributions across the sediment‐water interface. The presence of the foil, however, is restricting the free flow and therewith the DO concentration above the sediment surface. In this study, we applied the phosphorescence lifetime LIF (τLIF) technique in combination with nanoparticles coated with platinum complexes as DO indicators. By using a planar laser light sheet for fluorescence excitation, the three‐dimensional flow field around the sampling area is not restricted. In contrast to the intensity‐based LIF technique, this method extracts the lifetime of the luminescence by evaluating the exponential decrease of the phosphorescence intensity after a short excitation light pulse. The method is therefore independent of dye concentration and is not affected by spatial inhomogeneities of the excitation light intensity. We applied the technique to visualize the burrow‐ventilation activity of the tube‐dwelling Chironomus plumosus larvae. Sequences of the two‐dimensional DO concentration distributions showed the intermittent outburst of highly‐depleted plumes from the outlet of the burrows, which mixed rapidly with the ambient oxygen‐rich water.
Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers PANi‐PTh for Photovoltaic Cell Applications
Authors: Takpire S. R. , Waghuley S. A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryDuring the last decade the field of polymer photovoltaic has seen a tremendous improvement in both device efficiency and understanding of the underlying optical properties. A class of new conjugated copolymers containing a donor polythiophene (PTh) and polyaniline (PANi) was synthesized via Chemical polymerization by using TiCl4 as a oxidizing agent. The resulting copolymer was characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE‐SEM analysis. We fabricated organic photovoltaic cell device by using as‐prepared composite. Copolymer photovoltaic cell of a bulk heterojunction was fabricated on ITO glass plates with the structure of ITO/copolymer/ITO. The photovoltaic parameter such as open‐circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), short‐circuit current (Isc), were measured. The conversion efficiency for as fabricated photovoltaic cell was found to be 0.23%.
Optical Study of Chemically Synthesized Conducting Polythiophene Using UV–Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Wadatkar Narendra S. , Waghuley S. A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis research article was intended to examine the optical properties of as‐synthesized conducting polythiophene (PTh). Thiophene, the monomer of PTh, has been polymerized through chemically oxidative polymerization method in the presence of an oxidant anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3). The surface morphology of prepared sample was analyzed through FE‐SEM, which shows irregular structure and spongy amorphous morphology. The UV–vis spectroscopy was performed to study optical parameters. This polymeric material exhibited absorption around 200–250 nm. The optical band gap energy values of prepared samples ranges over 4.033–4.688 eV. The estimated optical band gap energy has accepted value for photovoltaic activities and has potential for application in solar cells and optical devices.
Characteristics Of acetylcholine‐receptor‐antibody–negative myasthenia gravis in a South African cohort
Authors: Huda Saif , Woodhall Mark R. , Vincent Angela , Heckmann Jeannine M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we determined the frequencies of antibodies (Abs) directed against muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK) and lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 (LRP4) in the sera of a South African cohort with acetylcholine receptor (AChR)‐antibody–negative generalized MG and determined outcomes to therapies.MethodsSera negative by commercial AChR radioimmunoassay (RIA) were tested by MuSK RIA (n = 30; 2006–2012) and AChR, MuSK, and LRP4 RIA with or without cell‐based assays (CBA) (n = 53; 2012–2015).ResultsAChR‐Abs were detected in 4 of 53 and MuSK‐Abs in 20 of 83 (24%) cases. Thirty‐six of 53 (68%) were triple seronegative (triple‐SNMG) for MuSK, AChR, and LRP4‐Abs. When compared with triple‐SNMG, individuals with MuSK‐MG had a younger onset age (P = 0.008), a greater likelihood of African genetic ancestry (P = 0.008), and 4‐fold higher odds of reaching MGFA grade IVB/V (P = 0.018), but were also 9‐fold more likely to reach at least minimal manifestations status after ≥12 months of therapy (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIndividuals with African genetic ancestry and severe bulbar/respiratory AChR‐Ab–negative MG are likely to have MuSK‐MG, but most respond favorably to maintenance immunotherapies. Muscle Nerve 54: 1023–1029, 2016
Dysferlin quantification in monocytes for rapid screening for dysferlinopathies
Authors: Sánchez‐Chapul Laura , Ángel‐Muñoz Miguel Del , Ruano‐Calderón Luis , Luna‐Angulo Alexandra , Coral‐Vázquez Ramón , Hernández‐Hernández Óscar , Magaña Jonathan J. , León‐Hernández Saúl R. , Escobar‐Cedillo Rosa E. , Vargas Steven 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study, we determined normal levels of dysferlin expression in CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry (FC) as a screening tool for dysferlinopathies. Methods: Monocytes from 183 healthy individuals and 29 patients were immunolabeled, run on an FACScalibur flow cytometer, and analyzed by FlowJo software. Results: The relative quantity of dysferlin was expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Performance of this diagnostic test was assessed by calculating likelihood ratios at different MFI cut‐off points, which allowed definition of 4 disease classification groups in a simplified algorithm. Conclusion: The MFI value may differentiate patients with dysferlinopathy from healthy individuals; it may be a useful marker for screening purposes. Muscle Nerve 54: 1064–1071, 2016
Depression and healthcare service utilization in patients with cancer
Authors: Mausbach Brent T. , Irwin Scott A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveIt is estimated that as many as 38% of cancer patients suffer from depression, which may have distal impacts on cancer care, including clinical outcomes, health care utilization, and cost of care. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of depression on overall healthcare utilization among patients with cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis of administrative data was conducted on 5055 patients with an ICD‐9 diagnosis of cancer from a single large healthcare system. Of these, 561 (11.1%) had ICD‐9 diagnoses consistent with a depressive disorder. Negative binomial regression modeling was used to test the association between depression status and total annual healthcare visits for the year 2011. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between depression and secondary outcomes of emergency department visit, overnight hospitalization, and 30‐day hospital readmission.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance type, medical comorbidities, length of time with cancer, and metastatic status, depressed patients had significantly more annual non‐mental health provider healthcare visits (aRR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.61–1.93), and were significantly more likely to have an ED visit (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.97–3.04), overnight hospitalization (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.49–2.20), and 30‐day hospital readmission (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.48–2.79) than non‐depressed patients with cancer.ConclusionsAmong patients with cancer, the presence of depression was associated with greater healthcare utilization. Effective screening for, and management of, depression may help reduce overall healthcare utilization and cost while improving care quality.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycogen storage disease type III: diagnosis, genotype, management, clinical course and outcome
Authors: Sentner Christiaan P. , Hoogeveen Irene J. , Weinstein David A. , Santer René , Murphy Elaine , McKiernan Patrick J. , Steuerwald Ulrike , Beauchamp Nicholas J. , Taybert Joanna , Laforêt Pascal , Petit François M. , Hubert Aurélie , Labrune Philippe , Smit G. Peter A. , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is a rare disorder of glycogenolysis due to AGL gene mutations, causing glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency and storage of limited dextrin. Patients with GSDIIIa show involvement of liver and cardiac/skeletal muscle, whereas GSDIIIb patients display only liver symptoms and signs. The International Study on Glycogen Storage Disease (ISGSDIII) is a descriptive retrospective, international, multi‐centre cohort study of diagnosis, genotype, management, clinical course and outcome of 175 patients from 147 families (86 % GSDIIIa; 14 % GSDIIIb), with follow‐up into adulthood in 91 patients. In total 58 AGL mutations (non‐missense mutations were overrepresented and 21 novel mutations were observed) were identified in 76 families. GSDIII patients first presented before the age of 1.5 years, hepatomegaly was the most common presenting clinical sign. Dietary management was very diverse and included frequent meals, uncooked cornstarch and continuous gastric drip feeding. Chronic complications involved the liver (hepatic cirrhosis, adenoma(s), and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in 11 %), heart (cardiac involvement and cardiomyopathy, in 58 % and 15 %, respectively, generally presenting in early childhood), and muscle (pain in 34 %). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in eight out of 91 adult patients (9 %). In adult patients no significant correlation was detected between (non‐) missense AGL genotypes and hepatic, cardiac or muscular complications. This study demonstrates heterogeneity in a large cohort of ageing GSDIII patients. An international GSD patient registry is warranted to prospectively define the clinical course, heterogeneity and the effect of different dietary interventions in patients with GSDIII.
2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis report describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. It also examines in detail the financial impact of Alzheimer's on families, including annual costs to families and the difficult decisions families must often make to pay those costs. An estimated 5.4 million Americans have Alzheimer's disease. By mid‐century, the number of people living with Alzheimer's disease in the United States is projected to grow to 13.8 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. Today, someone in the country develops Alzheimer's disease every 66 seconds. By 2050, one new case of Alzheimer's is expected to develop every 33 seconds, resulting in nearly 1 million new cases per year. In 2013, official death certificates recorded 84,767 deaths from Alzheimer's disease, making it the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age ≥65 years. Between 2000 and 2013, deaths resulting from stroke, heart disease, and prostate cancer decreased 23%, 14%, and 11%, respectively, whereas deaths from Alzheimer's disease increased 71%. The actual number of deaths to which Alzheimer's disease contributes is likely much larger than the number of deaths from Alzheimer's disease recorded on death certificates. In 2016, an estimated 700,000 Americans age ≥65 years will die with Alzheimer's disease, and many of them will die because of the complications caused by Alzheimer's disease. In 2015, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.1 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $221 billion. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age ≥65 years with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias are more than two and a half times as great as payments for all beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2016 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age ≥65 years with dementia are estimated to be $236 billion. The costs of Alzheimer's care may place a substantial financial burden on families, who often have to take money out of their retirement savings, cut back on buying food, and reduce their own trips to the doctor. In addition, many family members incorrectly believe that Medicare pays for nursing home care and other types of long‐term care. Such findings highlight the need for solutions to prevent dementia‐related costs from jeopardizing the health and financial security of the families of people with Alzheimer's and other dementias.
Testing and disclosures related to amyloid imaging and Alzheimer's disease: Common questions and fact sheet summary
Authors: Rabinovici Gil D. , Karlawish Jason , Knopman David , Snyder Heather M. , Sperling Reisa , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlzheimer's disease research has often focused on the molecular brain changes that promote memory loss and other dementia‐related cognitive impairments. Many studies, for example, have used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to measure brain levels of the beta‐amyloid protein, a key molecular suspect in Alzheimer's. In recent years, PET scans have become more prominent in clinical settings. Clinicians may use a positive PET scan—that is, a significant presence of beta‐amyloid plaques in the brain—to help determine a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Yet, because beta‐amyloid PET remains a fairly new diagnostic tool, physicians and patients still have many basic questions about how and why it is used. This article addresses some of those questions. It explains what PET scans actually show, how they are employed in research and clinical trials, and when they should and should not be used to help diagnose Alzheimer's in everyday patients. The article also discusses whether cognitively healthy people should request PET scans to assess their risk for developing dementia. Information in the text will be updated in future years, as diagnostic imaging techniques for Alzheimer's disease continue to evolve.
Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle‐aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe assessed the association of gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) with risk of dementia.MethodsSerum GGT activity was assessed at baseline in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort of 2415 relatively healthy men with good cognitive function. Correction was made for within‐person variability in GGT levels.ResultsDuring an average follow‐up of 22 years, 219 new cases of dementia were recorded. Serum GGT was log‐linearly associated with risk of dementia. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% CIs) for dementia per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher baseline loge GGT values was 1.33 (95% CI = 1.14–1.55) after adjustment for several established and emerging risk factors. The corresponding HR was 1.52 (95% CI = 1.22–1.89) after correction for within‐person variability.DiscussionGGT is positively, log‐linearly, and independently associated with future risk of dementia in the general male population. Further research is needed to unravel the mechanistic pathways of GGT in the pathogenesis of dementia.
Closer caregiver and care‐recipient relationships predict lower informal costs of dementia care: The Cache County Dementia Progression Study
Authors: Rattinger Gail B. , Fauth Elizabeth B. , Behrens Stephanie , Sanders Chelsea , Schwartz Sarah , Norton Maria C. , Corcoran Chris , Mullins C. Daniel , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying factors associated with lower dementia care costs is essential. We examined whether two caregiver factors were associated with lower costs of informal care.MethodsA total of 271 care dyads of the Cache County Dementia Study were included. Estimates of informal costs were based on caregiver reports of time spent in care‐related activities and inflation‐adjusted 2012 Utah median hourly wages. Caregiver coping and emotional closeness with the care‐recipient were assessed using the Ways of Coping Checklist–Revised and Relationship Closeness Scale, respectively.ResultsHigher closeness was associated with 24% lower costs (expβ = 0.763 [95% confidence interval: 0.583–0.999]) in linear mixed models controlling for demographics and baseline dementia severity and duration. Problem‐focused coping was not associated with informal costs (P = .354).DiscussionCaregiver closeness, a potentially modifiable factor, predicted lower dementia informal care costs over time. Future studies examining the care environment in closer dyads may identify specific care‐related behaviors or strategies that are associated with lower costs.
Detailed Chromospheric Activity Nature of KIC 9641031
Authors: Yoldaş Ezgi , Dal Hasan Ali 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study depends on KIC 9641031 eclipsing binary with a chromospherically active component. There are three type variations, such as geometrical variations due to eclipses, sinusoidal variations due to the rotational modulations, and also flares, in the light curves. Taking into account results obtained from observations in the Kepler Mission Database, we discuss the details of chromospheric activity. The sinusoidal light variations due to rotational modulation and the flare events were modelled. 92 different data subsets separated using the analytic models were modelled separately to obtain the cool spot configuration. Acording to the model, there are two active regions separated by about 180° longitudinally between the latitudes of +50° and +100°. 240 flares, whose parameters were computed, were detected. Using these parameters, the OPEA model was derived, in which the Plateau value was found to be 1.232±0.069 s, and half-life parameter was found as 2291.7 s. The flare frequency N1 was found as 0.41632 h−1, while the flare frequency N2 was found as 0.00027. Considering these parameters together with the orbital period variations demonstrates that the period variations depend on chromospheric activity. Comparing the system with its analogue, the activity level of KIC 9641031 is remarkably lower than the others.
Effect of fat type in baked bread on amylose–lipid complex formation and glycaemic response
Authors: Lau Evelyn , Zhou Weibiao , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe formation of amylose–lipid complexes (ALC) had been associated with reduced starch digestibility. A few studies have directly characterised the extent of ALC formation with glycaemic response. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of using fats with varying degree of saturation and chain length on ALC formation as well as glycaemic and insulinaemic responses after consumption of bread. Healthy men consumed five test breads in a random order: control bread without any added fats (CTR) and breads baked with butter (BTR), coconut oil (COC), grapeseed oil (GRP) or olive oil (OLV). There was a significant difference in glycaemic response between the different test breads (P=0·002), primarily due to COC having a lower response than CTR (P=0·016), but no significant differences between fat types were observed. Insulinaemic response was not altered by the addition of fats/oils. Although BTR was more insulinotropic than GRP (P<0·05), postprandialβ-cell function did not differ significantly. The complexing index (CI), a measure of ALC formation, was significantly higher for COC and OLV compared with BTR and GRP (P<0·05). CI was significantly negatively correlated with incremental AUC (IAUC) of change in blood glucose concentrations over time (IAUCglucose) (r–0·365,P=0·001). Linear regression analysis showed that CI explained 13·3 % of the variance and was a significant predictor of IAUCglucose(β=–1·265,P=0·001), but IAUCinsulindid not predict IAUCglucose. Our study indicated that a simple way to modulate glycaemic response in bread could lie in the choice of fats/oils, with coconut oil showing the greatest attenuation of glycaemic response.
INSTITUTIONS, RULE-FOLLOWING AND GAME THEORY
Authors: Hédoin Cyril 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Most game-theoretic accounts of institutions reduce institutions to behavioural patterns the players are incentivized to implement. An alternative account linking institutions to rule-following behaviour in a game-theoretic framework is developed on the basis of David Lewis’s and Ludwig Wittgenstein's respective accounts of conventions and language games. Institutions are formalized as epistemic games where the players share some forms of practical reasoning. An institution is a rule-governed game satisfying three conditions: common understanding, minimal awareness and minimal practical rationality. Common understanding has a strong similarity with Ludwig Wittgenstein's concept of lebensform while minimal awareness and minimal practical rationality capture the idea that rule-following is community-based.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Anger Rumination Scale: Evidence of Reliability and Validity in the General Population
Authors: Magán Uceda Inés , Lozano Bleda José Héctor , Pérez Nieto Miguel Ángel , Sukhodolsky Denis G. , Escalona Martínez Amalia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe key role of rumination and perseveration processes in anger experience has been empirically supported. The tendency to ruminate has been demonstrated to be crucial in understanding pathological and adaptive behaviours. The Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) was developed to assess anger rumination frequency when people are angry, showing adequate levels of reliability and validity. However, although it has been adapted to several languages, the development of the Spanish version was still pending. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop the Spanish adaptation of the ARS and to validate it in a general population sample (N = 388). Participants were asked to complete the ARS as well as other measures of anger (STAXI-2), anxiety (STAI-T), depression (BDI-II short form), rumination (PSWQ), and thought self-regulation (TCQ). A confirmatory factor analysis replicated the four-factor structure obtained with the original version (S-B χ2(145) = 323.26, p < .00005; CFI = .92; TLI = .90; RMSEA = .06; SRMR = .05). The resulting subscales (i.e., Angry Afterthoughts, Angry Memories, Thoughts of Revenge, and Understanding of Causes) met psychometric criteria of reliability (α = .89) and validity. In conclusion, a psychometrically sound Spanish adaptation of the ARS is now available.