bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilities Associated with Precise and Vague Forecasts
Authors: Løhre Erik , Teigen Karl Halvor 
Published: May 2017

AbstractForecasts of future outcomes, such as the consequences of climate change, are given with different degrees of precision. Logically, more precise forecasts (e.g., a temperature increase of 3–4°) have a smaller probability of capturing the actual outcome than less precise forecasts (e.g., a temperature increase of 2–6°). Nevertheless, people often trust precise forecasts more than vague forecasts, perhaps because precision is associated with knowledge and expertise. In five experiments, we ask whether people expect highly confident forecasts to be associated with wider or narrower outcome ranges than less confident forecasts (Experiments 1, 2, and 5), and, conversely, whether they expect precise forecasts to be issued with higher or lower confidence than vague forecasts (Experiments 3 and 4). The results revealed two distinct ways of thinking about confidence intervals, labeled distributional (wide intervals seen as more probable than narrow intervals) and associative (wide intervals seen as more uncertain than narrow intervals). Distributional responses occurred somewhat more often in within‐subjects designs, where wide and narrow prediction intervals and high and low probability estimates can be directly compared, whereas separate evaluations (in between‐subjects design) suggested associative responses to be slightly more frequent. These findings are relevant for experts communicating forecasts through confidence intervals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembly of two hydrophobins from marine fungi affected by interaction with surfaces
Authors: Cicatiello Paola , Dardano Principia , Pirozzi Marinella , Gravagnuolo Alfredo M. , De Stefano Luca , Giardina Paola 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTHydrophobins are amphiphilic fungal proteins endowed with peculiar characteristics, such as a high surface activity and an interface triggered self‐assembly. Several applications of these proteins have been proposed in the food, cosmetics and biomedical fields. Moreover, their use as proteinaceous coatings can be effective for materials and nanomaterials applications. The discovery of novel hydrophobins with diverse properties may be advantageous from both the scientific and industrial points of view. Stressful environmental conditions of fungal growth may induce the production of proteins with peculiar features. Two Class I hydrophobins from fungi isolated from marine environment have been recently purified. Herein, their propensity to aggregate forming nanometric fibrillar structures has been compared, using different techniques, such as circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering and Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. Furthermore, TEM and AFM images indicate that the interaction of these proteins with specific surfaces, are crucial in the formation of amyloid fibrils and in the assembly morphologies. These self‐assembling proteins show promising properties as bio‐coating for different materials via a green process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2173–2186. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global circular RNA expression profile of human gastric cancer and its clinical significance
Authors: Shao Yongfu , Li Jinyun , Lu Rongdan , Li Tianwen , Yang Yunben , Xiao Bingxiu , Guo Junming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding RNAs. However, the expression profile and clinical significance of circRNAs in human gastric cancer is unclear. The global circRNA expression profile in human gastric cancer was measured by circRNA microarray. Hsa_circ_0014717, one of the most downregulated circRNAs in microarray, was selected as a targeted circRNA to explore its levels in gastric tissues and gastric juice. Freeze‐thaw experiment and incubation experiment confirmed the stability of gastric juice circRNAs. A total of 308 circRNAs, including 107 (34.74%) upregulated and 201 (65.26%) downregulated circRNAs, were found significantly aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The top ten upregulated in gastric cancer tissues were hsa_circ_0035445, hsa_circ_0003789, hsa_circ_0063809, hsa_circ_0074362, hsa_circ_0006282, hsa_circ_0011107, hsa_circ_0084606, hsa_circ_0005556, hsa_circ_0050547, and hsa_circ_0006470, while the top ten downregulated ones were hsa_circ_0007099, hsa_circ_0001897, hsa_circ_0007707, hsa_circ_0008832, hsa_circ_0001546, hsa_circ_0002089, hsa_circ_0004680, hsa_circ_0000154, hsa_circ_0004458, and hsa_circ_0008394. The hot‐point chromosomes were chr1, chr2, chr3, chr9, and chr17. Hsa_circ_0014717 was significantly downregulated in 77.2% (74/96) gastric cancer tissues. Its levels in gastric cancer tissues were related to tumor stage (P = 0.037), distal metastasis (P = 0.048), tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.001), and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 expression (P = 0.021). More importantly, hsa_circ_0014717 can stably exist in human gastric juice; and its nature meets the requirements of clinical detection. Our study uncovered the circRNA expression profile in human gastric cancer. Moreover, some circRNAs can stably exist in human body fluid, and has the potential to be used as novel biomarkers for the screening of high‐risk gastric cancer patients.
Ubiquitination in melanoma pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Ma Jinyuan , Guo Weinan , Li Chunying 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMelanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with fiercely increasing incidence and mortality. Since the progressive understanding of the mutational landscape and immunologic pathogenic factors in melanoma, the targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been recently established and gained unprecedented improvements for melanoma treatment. However, the prognosis of melanoma patients remains unoptimistic mainly due to the resistance and nonresponse to current available drugs. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification which plays crucial roles in diverse cellular biological activities and participates in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including melanoma. Through the regulation of multiple tumor promoters and suppressors, ubiquitination is emerging as the key contributor and therefore a potential therapeutic target for melanoma. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of ubiquitination in melanoma, from mechanistic insights to clinical progress, and discuss the prospect of ubiquitination modification in melanoma treatment.
Neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Zhan Han‐Xiang , Xu Jian‐Wei , Wu Dong , Wu Zhi‐Yang , Wang Lei , Hu San‐Yuan , Zhang Guang‐Yong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere is a strong rationale and many theoretical advantages for neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, study results have varied significantly. In this study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies were performed in order to evaluate safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy in PC. Thirty‐nine studies were selected (n = 1458 patients), with 14 studies focusing on patients with resectable disease (group 1), and 19 studies focusing on patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced disease (group 2). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 97.4% of the studies, in which 76.9% was given radiotherapy and 74.4% administered with chemoradiation. The complete and partial response rate was 3.8% and 20.9%. The incidence of grade 3/4 toxicity was 11.3%. The overall resection rate after neoadjuvant therapy was 57.7% (group 1: 73.0%, group 2: 40.2%). The R0 resection rate was 84.2% (group 1: 88.2%, group 2: 79.4%). The overall survival for all patients was 16.79 months (resected 24.24, unresected 9.81; group 1: 17.76, group 2: 16.20). Our results demonstrate that neoadjuvant therapy has not been proven to be beneficial and should be considered with caution in patients with resectable PC. Patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced disease may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy, but further research is needed.
Role of treatment on the development of secondary malignancies in patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Santoro Cristina , Sperduti Isabella , Latagliata Roberto , Baldacci Erminia , Anaclerico Barbara , Avvisati Giuseppe , Breccia Massimo , Buccisano Francesco , Cedrone Michele , Cimino Giuseppe , De Gregoris Cinzia , De Muro Marianna , Di Veroli Ambra , Leonetti Crescenzi Sabrina , Montanaro Marco , Montefusco Enrico , Porrini Raffaele , Rago Angela , Spadea Antonio , Spirito Francesca , Villivà Nicoletta , Andriani Alesssandro , Alimena Giuliana , Mazzucconi Maria Gabriella 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAim of this study is to explore the role of different treatments on the development of secondary malignancies (SMs) in a large cohort of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients. We report the experience of a regional cooperative group in a real‐life cohort of 1026 patients with ET. We divided our population into five different groups: group 0, no treatment; group 1, hydroxyurea (HU); group 2, alkylating agents (ALK); group 3, ALK + HU sequentially or in combination; and group 4, anagrelide (ANA) and/or α‐interferon (IFN) only. Patients from groups 1, 2, and 3 could also have been treated either with ANA and/or IFN in their medical history, considering these drugs not to have an additional cytotoxic potential. In all, 63 of the 1026 patients (6%) developed 64 SM during the follow‐up, after a median time of 50 months (range: 2–158) from diagnosis. In univariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was found only for gender (P = 0.035) and age (P = 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was maintained for both gender and age (gender HR1.7 [CI 95% 1.037–2.818] P = 0.035; age HR 4.190 [CI 95% 2.308–7.607] P = 0.0001). The impact of different treatments on SMs development was not statistically significant. In our series of 1026 ET patients, diagnosed and followed during a 30‐year period, the different therapies administered, comprising HU and ALK, do not appear to have impacted on the development of SM. A similar rate of SMs was observed also in untreated patients. The only two variables which showed a statistical significance were male gender and age >60 years.
Inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a potential targeted therapy of advanced gastric carcinoma
Authors: Xue Li‐Jun , Mao Xiao‐Bei , Ren Li‐Li , Chu Xiao‐Yuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe whole outcome for patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) is very poor because most of them remain metastatic disease during survival even at diagnosis or after surgery. Despite many improvements in multiple strategies of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, exploration of novel alternative therapeutic targets is still warranted. Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) have been identified with significantly elevated levels in various malignancies including GC, which correlates with the survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells. Increasing experimental evidence suggests an implication of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a promising targeted therapy, although there are rare trials focused on the therapeutic efficacy of CXCR4 inhibitors in GC until recently. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that specific antagonists or antibodies targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 axis alone or combined with chemotherapy will be effective and worthy of further translational studies as a potential treatment strategy in advanced GC.
Predictive model for high‐frequency microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer patients over 50 years of age
Authors: Fujiyoshi Kenji , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Kakuta Miho , Takahashi Akemi , Arai Yoshiko , Yamada Mina , Yamamoto Gou , Ohde Sachiko , Takao Misato , Horiguchi Shin‐ichiro , Natsume Soichiro , Kazama Shinsuke , Nishizawa Yusuke , Nishimura Yoji , Akagi Yoshito , Sakamoto Hirohiko , Akagi Kiwamu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is an important biomarker for screening for Lynch syndrome, and also of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this study is to create a predictive model to determine which elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) should undergo MSI and/or immunohistochemistry testing on the basis of clinicopathological data. We analyzed a test cohort of CRC patients aged ≥50 years (n = 2219) by multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of high‐frequency MSI (MSI‐H). The created prediction model was validated in an external cohort (n = 992). The frequency of MSI‐H was 5.5% among CRC patients aged ≥ 50 years. The following five predictors of MSI‐H were identified in the test cohort: female (1 point), mucinous component (2 points), tumor size ≥ 60 mm (2 points), location in proximal colon (3 points), and BRAF mutation (6 points). The area under curve (AUC) in the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of this prediction model was 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.790–0.874). The sensitivity and specificity were 74.4% and 77.7%, respectively, for a cut‐off score of 4 points. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve of the validation cohort also showed an AUC of 0.856 (95% CI: 0.806–0.905). This prediction model is useful to select elderly CRC patients who should undergo MSI testing, and who may benefit from treatment with 5‐FU‐based adjuvant chemotherapy and cancer immunotherapy.
Should I stay or should I go? The impact of a sense of control on young men's therapeutic engagement
Authors: Doherty Matthew , Conway Jane , Clark Jane , Merritt Frankie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite the fact that young men are difficult to engage in counselling, there is a paucity of research that examines the factors that may influence their decision making to enter, remain in or exit from therapy. One area that has remained particularly unrepresented in the literature is the role that a sense of control plays in this process.Aim/MethodologyUsing a narrative approach, this study aimed to explore the stories of young men aged 18–25 and in doing so illuminated the impact of control on their counselling experiences.FindingsThe study suggests that control impacts on young men's therapy‐related decision‐making in three distinct ways: making the decision to engage in therapy; controlling the process of therapy; and choosing who knows about the therapy.ImplicationsThese emergent domains suggest that incorporating and discussing control with young male clients may provide the therapist with a means of increasing a young male's therapeutic engagement.
Composition, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Fresh and Air‐Dried Aerial Parts of Pallenis spinosa
Authors: Al‐Qudah Mahmoud A. , Saleh Ayman M. , Alhawsawi Naif L. , Al‐Jaber Hala I. , Rizvi Syed A. , Afifi Fatma U. 
Published: May 2017

This study was performed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of fresh (F‐PSEO) and air‐dried (D‐PSEO) Pallenis spinosa. The composition of the oils was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry, the antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging and metal chelating assays, and their cytotoxicity by a flow cytometry analysis. The primary components in both oils were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygentated sesquiterpenes. F‐PSEO contained 36 different compounds; α‐cadinol (16.48%), germacra‐1(10),5‐diene‐3,4‐diol (14.45%), γ‐cadinene (12.03%), and α‐muurolol (9.89%) were the principal components. D‐PSEO contained 53 molecules; α‐cadinol (19.26%), δ‐cadinene (13.93%), α‐muurolol (12.88%), and germacra‐1(10),5‐diene‐3,4‐diol (8.41%) constituted the highest percentages. Although both oils exhibited a weak radical scavenging and chelating activity, compared to α‐tocopherol and ascorbic acid, D‐PSEO showed a 2‐fold greater antioxidant activity than F‐PSEO. Furthermore, low doses of F‐PSEO were able to inhibit the growth of leukemic (HL‐60, K562, and Jurkat) and solid tumor cells (MCF‐7, HepG2, HT‐1080, and Caco‐2) with an IC50 range of 0.25 – 0.66 μg/ml and 0.50 – 2.35 μg/ml, respectively. F‐PSEO showed a ca. 2 – 3‐fold stronger cytotoxicity against the tested cells than D‐PSEO. The potent growth inhibitory effect of the plant essential oil encourages further studies to characterize the molecular mechanisms of its cytotoxicity.
Li12P3N9 with Non‐Condensed [P3N9]12−‐Rings and its High‐Pressure Polymorph Li4PN3 with Infinite Chains of PN4‐Tetrahedra
Authors: Bertschler Eva‐Maria , Niklaus Robin , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLi12P3N9 was synthesized by solid‐state reaction of Li3N and P3N5 at 790 °C. It is made up of non‐condensed [P3N9]12− dreier‐rings of PN4‐tetrahedra. The corresponding high‐pressure polymorph, Li4PN3, was synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions from Li12P3N9 or LiPN2 and Li7PN4 at 6 or 7 GPa, respectively, using the multianvil technique. Li4PN3 is the first lithium catena‐nitridophosphate and contains PN3 zweier‐chains of corner sharing PN4‐tetrahedra. To confirm the structure elucidated from single‐crystal X‐ray data, Rietveld refinement, 6Li, 7Li, and 31P solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and EDX measurements were carried out. To examine the phase transition of Li12P3N9 to Li4PN3 at 6 GPa and to corroborate the latter as the corresponding high‐pressure polymorph, DFT calculations were conducted. Electronic band gap and electron localization function (ELF) calculations were carried out to elucidate the electronic properties and bonding behavior of both polymorphs.
Artificial Enzyme‐based Logic Operations to Mimic an Intracellular Enzyme‐participated Redox Balance System
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOwing to the biocatalytic properties of artificial enzymes and the redox characteristic of glutathione, a colorimetric and resettable biological operation was successfully designed to mimic enzyme‐participated redox balance in living systems. As one promising candidate of a natural enzyme, artificial enzyme possesses many advantages and has been used in numerous fields. Similar to natural enzymes, communications are also present between different artificial enzymes. With the assistance of four artificial enzymes, three simple biological logic gates were fabricated to help us deepen the understanding of communications between artificial enzymes. In the presence of glutathione, the system could be easily reset without any complicated procedures. We prospect that this work may push forward the exploration of communications between different artificial enzymes and the design of novel artificial enzyme‐based biological gates or nanodevices. We hope that our mimic system may help us further understand the functioning of complex biological pathways in biological systems.
New Insights into the Role of Al2O3 in the Promotion of CuZnAl Catalysts: A Model Study
Authors: Hu Jun , Song Yanying , Huang Junjie , Li Yangyang , Chen Mingshu , Wan Huilin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Cu/Al2O3/ZnO(0001)‐Zn ternary model catalysts and their binary analogues were prepared and characterized. It was found that Al2O3 grew on the ZnO(0001)‐Zn surface by a layer‐by‐layer model, whereas Cu grew on the ZnO(0001)‐Zn surface as two‐dimensional clusters up to 0.2 monolayers (ML), and thereafter formed three‐dimensional clusters. Because of the layer‐by‐layer growth of Al2O3 on the ZnO(0001)‐Zn, Cu/Al2O3 can be considered without the effect of ZnO. Ternary model catalyst Cu/Al2O3/ZnO(0001)‐Zn, which has all three parts on the surface, was prepared by deposition of Cu on the surface of Al2O3/ZnO(0001)‐Zn. Low‐energy ion scattering spectra showed that Cu preferred to locate at the Al2O3/ZnO interfaces. Compared with Cu/ZnO, the addition of Al2O3 obviously suppressed the reduction of copper oxides and led to a higher concentration of Cu+. The Cu clusters were found to be covered by thin ZnOx overlayers after reduction of Cu/Al2O3/ZnO(0001)‐Zn by using H2. Therefore, the high activity of industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts may origin from Cu+‐rich clusters at the Al2O3/ZnO interface that are covered by thin ZnOx overlayers.
Selective Bromination of Graphene Oxide by the Hunsdiecker Reaction
Authors: Jankovský Ondřej , Lojka Michal , Luxa Jan , Sedmidubský David , Tomanec Ondřej , Zbořil Radek , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHalogenated graphenes have been attracting great attention in the recent years. The currently used methods are usually non‐specific, and halogen groups are randomly distributed over the graphene. Here we demonstrate a selective graphene functionalization based on a well known reaction mechanism—Hunsdiecker reaction—applied on selective bromination of graphene oxide. The chemical analysis using various spectroscopic methods proved a high efficiency of this functionalization method. Bromination can be carried out under mild conditions without any high temperature or high pressure treatment. The chemical modification led to introduction of up to 20 wt.% of bromine covalently bonded to the graphene skeleton. The modified graphene was characterized in detail using a broad range of microscopic and spectroscopic methods and no significant contamination by reaction by‐products was detected.
A Novel Open‐Framework Copper Borovanadate with Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Oxidation of Benzylic C−H Bond
Authors: Feng Yuquan , Zhong Zhiguo , Wang Hongwei , Fan Huitao , Bi Dongqin , Wang Lu , Xing Zhengzheng , Qiu Dongfang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel open‐framework copper borovanadate, with a 6‐connected topological net and 1D 8‐membered ring channels, has been obtained for the first time. The compound not only exhibits a unique ‐B3O7(OH)‐Cu‐B(OH)3 linkage and features the largest ratio between TM2+(Cu2+) and the borovanadate anion, but also possesses enhanced catalytic performance, high recyclability, and stability during the oxidation of benzylic C−H bonds.
Dynamic data science and official statistics
Authors: Thompson Mary E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany of the challenges and opportunities of data science have to do with dynamic factors: a growing volume of administrative and commercial data on individuals and establishments, continuous flows of data and the capacity to analyze and summarize them in real time, and the necessity for resources to maintain them. With its emphasis on data quality and supportable results, the practice of Official Statistics faces a variety of statistical and data science issues. This article discusses the importance of population frames and their maintenance; the potential for use of multi‐frame methods and linkages; how the use of large scale non‐survey data may shape the objects of inference; the complexity of models for large data sets; the importance of recursive methods and regularization; and the benefits of sophisticated spatial visualization tools in capturing spatial variation and temporal change.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 10–23; 2018 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada