bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An “Orphan” Creative Industry: Exploring the Institutional Factors Constraining the Canadian Fashion Industry
Authors: Brydges Taylor , Pugh Rhiannon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn recent years, tier‐two fashion countries have been making gains in the global fashion industry, with hip young brands, buzz‐worthy fashion weeks and export‐oriented designers. The Canadian fashion industry, on the other hand, continues to fall behind and instead has experienced recent high‐profile closures of leading domestic fashion names. This paper explores why this is the case by considering a wide range of factors from a historical and institutional perspective. We argue that Canadian fashion is facing a number of systemic problems relating to wider institutional and policy weaknesses, rather than a lack of talent and know‐how within the entrepreneurs and businesses in the sector. While the fashion industry is indeed global, we argue that it is in fact national and local level factors—political, economic, and cultural—that structure and constrain the Canadian fashion industry for independent designers. Through exploring the experiences of this group of actors—entrepreneurial fashion designers—in this particular context, we not only learn about Canada as an economy but also what is needed in order to develop the fashion industry more broadly. We provide a framework for analysing the range of socio‐economic, historical, and political factors at the national level which affect the performance of the fashion sector and the operation of fashion designers as the entrepreneurial actors at the heart of the industry.
Happiness in Higher Education
Authors: Elwick Alex , Cannizzaro Sara 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the higher education literature surrounding happiness and related notions: satisfaction, despair, flourishing and well‐being. It finds that there is a real dearth of literature relating to profound happiness in higher education: much of the literature using the terms happiness and satisfaction interchangeably as if one were tantamount to the other, such conflation being due to the move towards consumerism within higher education and the marketisation of the sector. What literature there exists that actually deals with the profound happiness of students in higher education, generally argues that in the United Kingdom institutions do not currently do enough to promote happiness in higher education. These findings imply that flourishing, contentment and well‐being should be regarded as legitimate goals of higher education, alongside satisfaction and related economic outcomes that are currently promoted across academic and policy literature, university rankings and the National Student Survey.
Ballistic testing of surface‐treated alumina and silicon carbide with improved adhesive bond strength
Authors: Harris Andrew , Vaughan Bryan , Yeomans Julie , Smith Paul , Burnage Steve 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe laser treatment of ceramics can lead to increased concentrations of hydroxyl ions on the surface, resulting in improved adhesive bond strength in quasi‐static tests. Whether the improvement can be translated to armor applications is investigated here. The ballistic testing of composite‐backed, surface‐treated, and nontreated “control” alumina and silicon carbide panels was undertaken. The failure locus of the ceramic to adhesive/composite joint and the qualitative degree of damage were assessed. Laser surface‐treated samples performed better than control samples, with silicon carbide moving from single shot to multi‐shot capability, thus giving significant advantages for the deployment of these materials.
Laser Zone Melting and microstructure of waveguide coatings obtained on soda‐lime glass
Authors: Rey‐García Francisco , Flores‐Arias María T. , Estepa Luis C. , Assenmacher Wilfried , Mader Werner , de la Fuente German F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study presents a Laser Zone Melting method with potential for producing planar waveguides at large scale, based on the surface coupling of two chemically compatible glass layers which exhibit distinct indices of refraction. The method is based on a recent patent, particularly applicable to process glass and ceramics with low thermal shock resistance. Glass coatings containing 76.24% by weight PbO are thus here reported, as obtained by this method on commercial soda‐lime planar glass substrates. Their higher indices of refraction (1.58 vs 1.52 for commercial soda‐lime glass) result in attractive waveguiding potential, as demonstrated with measurements using focused light from a He‐Ne laser beam. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal excellent integration and compatibility between the observed coatings and substrates, where diffusion in the proximity of the interface was studied by EDS analysis. Crystalline phases have not been found within the coating, or within the substrate, as concluded from the absence of Bragg‐peaks in XRD experiments.
A multicenter study on PIVKA reference interval of healthy population and establishment of PIVKA cutoff value for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis in China
Authors: Qin X. , Tang G. , Gao R. , Guo Z. , Liu Z. , Yu S. , Chen M. , Tao Z. , Li S. , Liu M. , Wang L. , Hou L. , Xia L. , Cheng X. , Han J. , Qiu L. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the reference interval of protein‐induced vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II (PIVKA‐II) in China population and to evaluate its medical decision level for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis.MethodsTo determine the reference range for Chinese individuals, a total of 855 healthy subjects in five typical regions of China were enrolled in this study to obtain a 95% reference interval. In a case–control study which recruited the subjects diagnosed with HCC, metastatic liver cancer, bile duct cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis, other benign liver diseases and the subjects administrated anticoagulant, receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine PIVKA‐II cutoff value for a medical decision.ResultsThe concentration of PIVKA‐II had no relationship with age or gender and that region was a significant factor associated with the level of PIVKA‐II. The 95% reference interval determined in this study for PIVKA‐II in Chinese healthy individuals was 28 mAU/mL, and the cutoff value which to distinguish patients with HCC from disease control groups is 36.5 mAU/mL.ConclusionIn clinical applications, it is recommended that each laboratory chooses their own reference interval based on the regional population study or cutoff value for disease diagnosis.
Clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of myeloid neoplasms with isolated t(6;9)(p23;q34)
Authors: Visconte V. , Shetty S. , Przychodzen B. , Hirsch C. , Bodo J. , Maciejewski J. P. , Hsi E. D. , Rogers H. J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionThe t(6;9)(p23;q34);DEK‐NUP214 [t(6;9)] abnormality is found in 0.7–1.8% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). FLT3‐ITD mutations are detected in t(6;9) patients. The t(6;9) abnormality is associated with poor outcomes. We studied the clinicopathologic and molecular profiles of patients with AML/MDS carrying t(6;9).MethodsWe collected clinical data of nine patients with AML/MDS with isolated t(6;9) (median age = 41 years; male/female = 4/5) and genotyped DNAs using whole exome, Sanger, and targeted sequencing.ResultsOur cohort was characterized by frequent multilineage dysplasia (56%), absence of phospho‐STAT3/STAT5 expression, presence of myeloid markers (CD13, CD33, CD34, CD117, HLA‐DR) with an aberrant expression of CD7, and poor outcome (median survival of 20 months). Although basophilia has been described in association with t(6;9), we observed lack of marrow basophilia in our cohort. Molecularly, 83% (5/6) of patients with AML/MDS with t(6;9) were characterized by at least one somatic mutation. Among them, four patients showed multiple mutations. FLT3‐ITD mutations were detected in 33% of patients (2/6); 80% (4/5) of mutant patients died even after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.ConclusionOur data demonstrated that AML/MDS patients with t(6;9) have diverse molecular mutations regardless of the presence of FLT3 mutations, which may contribute to their poor survival outcomes.
Lack of rivaroxaban influence on a prothrombinase‐based assay for the detection of activated C protein resistance: an Italian ex vivo and in vitro study in normal subjects and factor V Leiden carriers
Authors: Gessoni G. , Valverde S. , Valle L. , Gessoni F. , Caruso P. , Valle R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionActivated protein C resistance (APCr) leads to hypercoagulability and is due, often but not exclusively, to Factor V Leiden (FVL). The aim of this study was to assess the ex vivo and in vitro interference of the direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban (RIV) on a prothrombinase‐based assay for APCr detection.MethodsAn ex vivo study was performed on fresh plasma samples obtained from 44 subjects with FV wild‐type and seven with FVL heterozygous, all treated with RIV. An in vitro study was performed on 15 plasma samples (six from normal subjects, six from heterozygous, and three from homozygous FVL carriers, all frozen specimens) spiked with RIV. RIV concentration was evaluated using a chromogenic assay, and APCr was evaluated by a prothrombinase‐based assay.ResultsNo significant interference of RIV on APCr results obtained by a prothrombinase‐based assay was observed for drug concentrations up to 400 ng/mL in FV wild‐type and FVL carriers (homozygous and heterozygous). These results were confirmed both ex vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsRIV did not significantly interfere with the prothrombinase‐based assay used for the assessment of APCr, and this was observed to occur independently of FV status. However, only concentrations up to 400 ng/mL were tested and, therefore, what occurs in the presence of higher doses remains to be investigated.
Physiological effects of repeated foliar application of magnetite nanoparticles on maize plants
Authors: Jalali M. , Ghanati F. , Modarres‐Sanavi A. M. , Khoshgoftarmanesh A. H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIron is an essential micronutrient which is highly unavailable for plants in calcareous soils. Although the application of nanoparticles (NPs) to plants has been recently implemented, their long‐term effects have not been studied yet. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the treatment of maize plants with 100 ppm iron nanoparticles (Fe‐NPs) through their life cycle would affect the development of the second generation. The plants were treated with or without 100 ppm of Fe‐NPs and 100 ppm of Fe‐Ch, and their seeds were planted to obtain the second generation. The latter were again treated with or without Fe‐NPs and Fe‐Ch, and the results of two generations were compared. In the first generation, Fe‐NPs treatments improved maize photosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging capacity and lowered the rate of membrane lipid peroxidation, compared to the control and Fe‐Ch‐treated plants. The improvement of calcium, Fe2+, total iron and ferritin contents was more pronounced in Fe‐NPs treatments. However, the second progeny of Fe‐NPs‐treated plants showed less biomass, lower contents of chlorophyll, protein and calcium, and lower H2O2 scavenging capacity but higher amount of total iron content, compared with the control group and the first generation. In comparison, no adverse effects on growth parameters were observed in the plants which were treated with Fe‐Ch for two subsequent generations, while their total iron and ferritin contents were remarkable. Due to the adverse effects of Fe‐NPs in the second generation, more caution in its application for consecutive years is recommended.
Synthesis of osmium borides by mechanochemical method
Authors: Long Ying , Zhang Jinyang , Zou Canhui , Lin Hua‐Tay , An Linan , Zhang Fenglin , Wang Chengyong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTransition metal osmium borides were synthesized by mechanochemical method using high‐energy ball‐milling with Os (Osmium) and B (Boron) powders as raw materials. The formation process, reaction mechanism, and thermal stability of the mechochemically synthesized osmium borides were studied. Almost pure Os2B3 phase was obtained when the Os‐to‐B molar ratio was 1:2; while ReB2‐type hexagonal OsB2 with a small amount of RuB2‐type orthorhombic OsB2 was obtained when the Os‐to‐B molar ratio was 1:3. Stoichiometry OsB2 was obtained from boron rich starting mixture powders due to the B loss during the high‐energy ball‐milling process. It was also found that WC and osmium oxide were present as contaminants after ball milling for 40 hours. Heat treatment results revealed that the as‐synthesized Os2B3 powders are thermally stable in flowing Ar up to 800°C, but a transformation from hexagonal to orthorhombic structure partially occurred for the OsB2 powders as low as 600°C.
Papua New Guinea terrestrial‐vertebrate richness: elevation matters most for all except reptiles
Authors: Tallowin Oliver , Allison Allen , Algar Adam C. , Kraus Fred , Meiri Shai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsTo examine species richness patterns in Papua New Guinea's terrestrial vertebrates and test for geographical congruence between the four classes, and between lizard and snake subgroups. To assess the environmental correlates of Papua New Guinean terrestrial‐vertebrate richness, and contrast effects of varying analytical resolution and correction for spatial autocorrelation. We predict congruence in the bird, mammal and to a lesser extent amphibian richness, with weak congruence or incongruence between reptiles and the other taxonomic groups. We further predict these patterns will stem from relative or in the case of reptiles dissimilar, correlative trends with environmental predictors such as elevation and temperature.LocationPapua New Guinea.MethodsHaving created and updated distribution maps for reptiles, we compare them with known ranges of amphibians, birds and mammals and generate species richness grids at quarter‐, half‐ and one‐ degree spatial resolutions. We examine congruence in species richness between vertebrate groups and between reptile subgroups. We employed spreading‐dye models to simulate species richness according to eight environmental predictors and one random model. We accounted for spatial autocorrelation in all analyses.ResultsPapua New Guinean amphibian, bird and mammal species richness are spatially congruent, a trend which strengthens with decreasing spatial resolution. Reptiles and the lizard and snake subgroups reveal remarkably different spatial‐richness trends. Elevational predictors, particularly elevational range at coarse resolutions, provide the strongest correlates of species richness. Terrestrial‐vertebrate richness increases with elevation, whereas reptile richness decreases.Main conclusionsCongruent species richness gradients in Papua New Guinea are observed in most terrestrial vertebrates, except reptiles. Topographic heterogeneity and associated climatic clines promote diversity in most terrestrial vertebrates but appear to strongly constrain reptile diversity. The topographical complexity and climatic stratification of tropical mountains clearly present a wealth of opportunities for diversification in most terrestrial vertebrate groups. As reptiles are strongly constrained by temperature, tropical mountains present more of a diversification barrier for them.
Text difficulty affects metacomprehension accuracy and knowledge test performance in text learning
Authors: Vössing J. , Stamov‐Roßnagel C. , Heinitz K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetacomprehension as reflected in judgements of one's learning is crucial for self‐regulated study, yet their accuracy is often low. We investigated text difficulty as a constraint on metacomprehension accuracy in text learning. A total of 235 participants studied a 10‐section expository text and afterwards took a knowledge test. They made judgements of learning after each section. Sections were of high, medium or low difficulty; we manipulated between participants the order of difficulty levels across sections. In blocked orders, texts in each block (sections 1–4; sections 5–6; sections 7–10) were of the same difficulty level. In mixed orders, difficulty varied throughout the learning unit either from easy to difficult or from difficult to easy. Our general tenet was that orders would trigger different extents of experience‐based processing and thus influence metacomprehension accuracy to different degrees. As hypothesized, accuracy was higher for blocked difficulty orders. Late‐section judgement magnitude decreased more strongly in the blocked groups. At the same time, late‐section judgement accuracy was higher in the blocked group. We discuss implications and limitations of the influence of fluctuations in text difficulty on judgements of learning accuracy together with some avenues for further research.Lay DescriptionWhat is already known about this topic?

Metacomprehension as reflected in judgements of one's learning (JOL) is crucial for effective self‐regulated study.
JOL accuracy is often low.
Text difficulty appears to bias metacomprehension in topically non‐coherent series of texts.
What this paper adds?

This paper establishes text difficulty as a constraint on metacomprehension accuracy in topically coherent texts.
This paper explains text difficulty effects as different relative weights of experience‐based and theory‐based processing, respectively.
Implications for practice and/or policy:

Taking systematic text difficulty effects into account may help avoid unintended adverse effects of difficulty order on metacomprehension accuracy.
Arranging difficulty levels block‐wise may enhance experience‐based processing and thus judgement accuracy.
Additionally, with topically coherent texts, increasing difficulty across texts benefits performance in a later knowledge text.
RISK‐SHIFTING BEHAVIOR AT COMMERCIAL BANKS WITH DIFFERENT DEPOSIT INSURANCE ASSESSMENTS: FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM U.S. MARKETS
Authors: Chang Chuang‐Chang , Ho Ruey‐Jenn 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this article, we investigate both the risk‐shifting behavior of banks and the extent to which risk was controlled after the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation adopted a risk‐based assessment system in U.S. markets. The risk‐shifting behavior of commercial banks was significantly mitigated by the adoption of a risk‐based deposit insurance assessment system. The risk‐shifting incentive remains, especially for less capitalized or higher premium banks, which suggests that during 1992–2008, risk‐based assessments reduced but did not eliminate the moral hazard problem in banks. Moreover, the results reveal that larger banks did not risk shift more than did smaller banks following the 1991 deposit insurance reform.
INVESTMENT BANK EXPERTISE IN CROSS‐BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Arena Matteo P. , Dewally Michaël 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe study the influence of country expertise of investment banks in facilitating cross‐border merger deals by analyzing a large international sample of merger and acquisition (M&A) deals. We provide evidence that the geographical proximity, cultural affinity, and local experience of investment banks advising bidding firms on cross‐border M&A deals significantly increase the probability of completion of the deal, significantly decrease the time required to complete the deal, and significantly increase the operating performance of the acquiring firm after the deal. Our results are robust to firm, deal, country‐specific factors, and endogeneity concerns.
THE VALUE IN FUNDAMENTAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
Authors: Turtle H. J. , Wang Kainan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examine the role of fundamental accounting information in shaping portfolio performance. Using a conditional performance approach, we address the concern that the positive relation between Piotroski's F Score and ex post returns is due to risk compensation. Our results show that portfolios of firms with strong fundamental underpinnings generate significant positive and time‐varying performance. One potential source of these performance gains is an underreaction to public information (such as momentum and F Score) when information uncertainty (proxied by size, illiquidity, and idiosyncratic volatility) is high. In addition, conditional performance benefits seem prevalent in periods of high investor sentiment.
Impact of the Economic Structure of Cities on Urban Scaling Factors: Implications for Urban Material and Energy Flows in China
Authors: Ramaswami Anu , Jiang Daqian , Tong Kangkang , Zhao Jerry 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe explore the population‐scaling and gross domestic product (GDP)‐scaling relationships of material and energy flow (MEF) parameters in different city types based on economic structure. Using migration‐corrected population data, we classify 233 Chinese city propers (Shiqu) as “highly industrial” (share of secondary GDP exceeds 63.9%), “highly commercial” (share of tertiary GDP exceeds 52.6%), and “mixed‐economy” (the remaining cities). We find that, first, the GDP population‐scaling factors differ in the different city types. Highly commercial and mixed‐economy cities exhibit superlinear GDP population‐scaling factors greater than 1, whereas highly industrial cities are sublinear. Second, GDP scaling better correlates with city‐wide MEF parameters in Chinese cities; these scaling relationships also show differences by city typology. Third, highly commercial cities are significantly different from others in demonstrating greater average per capita household income creation relative to per capita GDP. Further, highly industrial cities show an apparent cap in population. This also translates to lower densities in highly industrial cities compared to other types, showing a size effect on urban population density. Finally, a multiple variable regression of total household electricity showed significant and positive correlation with population, income effect, and urban form effect. With such multivariate modeling, the apparent superlinearity of household electricity use with respect to population is no longer observed. Our study enhances understanding of MEFs associated with Chinese cities and provides new insights into the patterns of scaling observed in different city types by economic structure. Results recommend dual scaling by GDP and by population for MEF parameters and suggest caution in applying universal scaling factors to all cities in a country.