bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uso de álcool e suicídio
Authors: Gonçalves Raphael Eduardo Marques , Ponce Júlio De Carvalho , Leyton Vilma 
Published: February 2016

<p> Suicídio refere-se a todas as causas de morte desencadeadas por uma ação da própria vítima contra si própria, com a ciência do resultado. É uma das principais causas de morte violenta em todo o mundo, e tornou-se uma questão de saúde pública, em virtude do aumento do número dos casos de suicídio entre os jovens, tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto no Brasil. O consumo excessivo de álcool, a dependência alcoólica e o abuso de outras drogas estão intimamente ligados à tentativa ou consumação de suicídios. O objetivo deste estudo foi levantar o problema sobre o consumo de álcool por vítimas de suicídio no Brasil e no mundo, informação que é essencial para a formulação de políticas de prevenção à morte violenta relacionada ao consumo de álcool. A associação entre álcool e suicídio foi observada em estudos em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, com alcoolemias positivas, em média, em um terço das vítimas de suicídio. Apesar da considerável prevalência de suicídios no Brasil, faltam estudos que permitam uma abordagem epidemiológica para apoiar as políticas de saúde pública sobre esta questão. Da mesma forma, há pouca informação sobre o uso do álcool no Brasil e são escassos os estudos e os dados epidemiológicos que mostrem a associação entre os índices de mortalidade por causas externas e, em especial, por suicídio e uso do álcool, a fim de que sejam incluídos nas estratégias preventivas com o objetivo de reduzir o número de mortes violentas e os custos financeiros delas decorrentes.</p>
A preocupação com a ética na pesquisa em seres humanos representada na redação de tesesapresentadas à Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo no período de 1989 a 2001
Authors: Ramos Dalton Luiz De Paula 
Published: February 2016

<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><p>A ética na experimentação científica envolvendo seres humanos tem sido fonte de preocupação daqueles que estão atentos à preservação dos interesses da pessoa humana. A bioética vem propiciando instrumentais adequados para essa reflexão ética. Nesse trabalho, apresentam-se primeiramente os valores éticos de referência a partir da perspectiva filosófica do personalismo ontologicamente fundado representado na obra de Elio Sgrecia. Comentam-se aspectos dos mais importantes documentos internacionais sobre ética na experimentação com seres humanos e das correspondentes normas brasileiras. Objetivando-se avaliar o discurso dos autores de teses de mestrado, doutorado e livre-docência apresentadas à Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo de 1989 a 2001, foram examinados 913 trabalhos de tese, dos quais 605 envolveram seres humanos. Destes últimos, foram coletadas informações sobre a natureza da pesquisa e características da população estudada; emprego de procedimento experimental não terapêutico, de exames de diagnóstico por imagens e de realização de biópsias; coleta de fluídos corpóreos; divulgação de fotografias de face dos participantes; uso de dentes humanos extraídos e ossos humanos; informações sobre a obtenção de autorização ou do consentimento livre e esclarecido e da apreciação do trabalho por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Discutem-se aspectos do envolvimento nas pesquisas de populações especiais (crianças, <span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">gestantes, portadores de doenças graves, doentes mentais), do emprego do vocábulo “paciente” como forma de se referir aos sujeitos da pesquisa, do processo de obtenção do consentimento livre e esclarecido, do uso de materiais biológicos em pesquisas genéticas e da criação de bancos de dentes humanos. Destaca-se o papel dos autores de trabalhos científicos na formação de opinião e como difusores da boa conduta revelada na redação de seus trabalhos. Conclui-se que, embora se manifeste nos textos estudados uma preocupação dos autores em descrever com riqueza de detalhes os outros aspectos da metodologia empregada, quanto aos éticos pouco se informa. Propõe-se que os autores se empenhem mais em difundir os cuidados éticos inerentes as suas pesquisas na divulgação de seus trabalhos.</span></span></p></span></span>
Matrix Metalloprotease 3 Exacerbates Hemorrhagic Transformation and Worsens Functional Outcomes in Hyperglycemic Stroke
Authors: Hafez Sherif , Abdelsaid Mohammed , El-Shafey Sally , Johnson Maribeth H. , Fagan Susan C. , Ergul Adviye 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
Acute hyperglycemia worsens the clinical outcomes and exacerbates cerebral hemorrhage after stroke. The mediators of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in hyperglycemic stroke are not fully understood. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) plays a critical role in the tissue-type plasminogen activator–induced HT. However, the role of MMP3 in exacerbating the HT and worsening the functional outcomes in hyperglycemic stroke remains unknown.

Methods—
Control/normoglycemic and hyperglycemic (blood glucose, 140–200 mg/dL) male Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes and either 24 hours or 7 days reperfusion. MMP3 was inhibited pharmacologically (UK 356618, 15 mg/kg IV at reperfusion) or knocked down in the brain by shRNA lentiviral particles (injected intracerebroventricular). Neurovascular injury was assessed at 24 hours, and functional outcomes were assessed at 24 hours, day 3, and day 7. MMP3 activity was measured in brain homogenate and cerebral macrovessels. Localization of MMP3 within the neurovascular unit after hyperglycemic stroke was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.

Results—
Hyperglycemia significantly increased MMP3 activity in the brain after stroke, and this was associated with exacerbated HT and worsened functional outcomes. MMP3 inhibition significantly reduced HT and improved functional outcomes.

Conclusions—
MMP3 plays a critical role in mediating cerebrovascular injury in hyperglycemic stroke. Our findings point out MMP3 as a potential therapeutic target in hyperglycemic stroke.
Relationship Between Collateral Status, Contrast Transit, and Contrast Density in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kawano Hiroyuki , Bivard Andrew , Lin Longting , Spratt Neil J. , Miteff Ferdinand , Parsons Mark W. , Levi Christopher R. 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
Collateral circulation is recognized to influence the life expectancy of the ischemic penumbra in acute ischemic stroke. The best method to quantify collateral status on acute imaging is uncertain. We aimed to determine the relationship between visual collateral status, quantitative collateral assessments, baseline computed tomographic perfusion measures, and tissue outcomes on follow-up imaging.

Methods—
Sixty-six consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke clinically eligible for recanalization therapy and with M1 or M2 middle cerebral artery occlusion were evaluated. We compared the visual collateral scoring with measures of contrast peak time delay and contrast peak density. We also compared these measures for their ability to predict perfusion lesion and infarct core volumes, final infarct, and infarct growth.

Results—

Shorter contrast peak time delay (
P
=0.041) and higher contrast peak density (
P
=0.002) were associated with good collateral status. Shorter contrast peak time delay correlated with higher contrast peak density (
β
=−4.413;
P
=0.037). In logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, sex, onset–computed tomographic time, and occlusion site, higher contrast peak density was independently associated with good collateral status (
P
=0.009). Multiple regression analysis showed that higher contrast peak density was an independent predictor of smaller perfusion lesion volume (
P
=0.029), smaller ischemic core volume (
P
=0.044), smaller follow-up infarct volume (
P
=0.005), and smaller infarct growth volume (
P
=0.010).

Conclusions—
Visual collateral status, contrast peak density, and contrast peak time delay were inter-related, and good collateral status was strongly associated with contrast peak density. Contrast peak density in collateral vessel may be an important factor in tissue fate in acute ischemic stroke.
Exploring Applications of Eye Tracking in Operational Meteorology Research
Authors: Wilson Katie A. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Kang Ziho 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Eye-tracking technology can observe where and how someone’s eye gaze is directed, and therefore provides information about one’s attention and related cognitive processes in real time. The use of eye-tracking methods is evident in a variety of research domains, and has been used on few occasions within the meteorology community. With the goals of Weather Ready Nation in mind, eye-tracking applications in meteorology have so far supported the need to address how people interpret meteorological information through televised forecasts and graphics. However, eye tracking has not yet been applied to learning about forecaster behavior and decision processes. In this article, we consider what current methods are being used to study forecasters and why we believe eye tracking is a method that should be incorporated into our efforts. We share our first data collection of an NWS forecaster’s eye gaze data, and explore the types of information that these data provide about the forecaster’s cognitive processes. We also discuss how eye-tracking methods could be applied to other aspects of operational meteorology research in the future, and provide motivation for further exploration on this topic.
Experimental Assessment of the Performance of High-Frequency CODAR and WERA Radars to Measure Ocean Currents in Partially Ice-Covered Waters
Authors: Kamli Emna , Chavanne Cédric , Dumont Dany 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHigh-frequency radars (HFRs) measure ocean surface currents remotely through the Bragg scattering of radio waves by surface gravity waves with wavelengths shorter than 50 m. HFR range is affected by sea ice, which dampens surface gravity waves and limits wind fetch for adjacent open waters. HFR range sensitivity to sea ice concentration was empirically determined for two types of HFR—Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar (CODAR) and Wellen Radar (WERA)—installed on the shores of the lower St. Lawrence estuary, Canada, during winter 2013. One CODAR was operating at 13.5 MHz on the southern shore, and one WERA was operating at 16.15 MHz on the northern shore. Ranges were determined using a signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 6 dB for first-order Bragg scattering measured by the receive antenna elements. Ranges were normalized for expected ranges in ice-free conditions, using empirical relationships determined during summer 2013 between the range and surface gravity wave energy at the Bragg frequencies. Normalized ranges Γ decrease approximately linearly with increasing sea ice concentration C (averaged over the ice-free observational domain) with a slope close to −1 for both HFR types, that is, Γ = 1 − C. However, for a given sea ice concentration, range can vary significantly depending on the sea ice spatial distribution.
Climate Variability and Rural Livelihoods: How Households Perceive and Adapt to Climatic Shocks in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Kolawole Oluwatoyin Dare , Motsholapheko Moseki Ronald , Ngwenya Barbara Ntombi , Thakadu Olekae , Mmopelwa Gagoitseope , Kgathi Donald Letsholo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Climate variability and change have adverse effects on agricultural production and other livelihood strategies of the rural households. The paper hypothesizes that rural households naturally devise means of overcoming the challenges currently posed by climate variability. The research article addresses the question of how rural households apply local knowledge of weather forecasting in adapting to climate variability in the Okavango Delta. It specifically probes, among others, the extent to which climate variability has affected agricultural production over the last 10 years in the area. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select a total of 592 households from eight rural communities. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and a stakeholder workshop were used to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and climatic information. Households used both natural animate and inanimate indicators to predict the weather. To enhance household adaptation to climatic events, indigenous knowledge weather forecasters (ethnometeorologists) engaged in discussions with community members on their observation and interpretation of local weather conditions. Households devised adaptation strategies including the selection and preservation of drought-resistant, early maturing seeds, and shift in farming calendars to overcome the vagaries of weather patterns. Local and farming communities had a favorable perception about the accuracy of indigenous knowledge in weather forecasting (ethnometeorology) and therefore continue to utilize this knowledge system in weather forecasting. Most households perceived that change in weather patterns had a direct relationship with the decline in agricultural outputs over the last 10 years. Households’ experiential knowledge and ability to quantify their losses in farm yields as a result of climate-related problems provide an important insight for policy makers on how to address the impact of climate variability in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and in similar social ecological contexts.
Planning the Millennium City: The politics of place-making in Gurgaon, India
Authors: Goldstein Shoshana R. 
Published: February 2016

Since India’s economic liberalization, rising costs in urban centers have pushed growth to the peripheries of cities. The territory on which new towns emerge often bears a long history of village life and land tenure, even as the political-economy of real estate asserts alternative identities on such places. This paper explores the phenomenon of place-making, using the case of Gurgaon, Delhi’s burgeoning satellite. Gurgaon’s growth has taken place largely in the absence of municipal city planning. Its boosters have branded it the “millennium city.”Gurgaon is the sum of hundreds of private land deals, with a pixelated built environment of affluent gated enclaves, villages, and pockets of underdevelopment. Many former farmers have become landlords, enriched and active in the real estate game, while others have been less fortunate, yet little scholarship has focused on the interactions between residents of different communities, and the process of social and cultural capital formation that under girds place-making and attempts to resolve planning issues. What possibilities exist in the post-liberalization Indian city for residents to forge a coherent sense of place or plan within the piecemeal?Drawing on interviews with residents, urban villagers, domestic staff, planners and developers, the paper argues that place-making in Gurgaon constitutes a form of planning in its own right, as actors at various levels of agency attempt to solidify claims of residency and take up many of the responsibilities of planning.
Measure transcript integrity using RNA-seq data
Authors: Wang Liguo , Nie Jinfu , Sicotte Hugues , Li Ying , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Dasari Surendra , Vedell Peter T. , Barman Poulami , Wang Liewei , Weinshiboum Richard , Jen Jin , Huang Haojie , Kohli Manish , Kocher Jean-Pierre A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Stored biological samples with pathology information and medical records are invaluable resources for translational medical research. However, RNAs extracted from the archived clinical tissues are often substantially degraded. RNA degradation distorts the RNA-seq read coverage in a gene-specific manner, and has profound influences on whole-genome gene expression profiling.

Result
We developed the transcript integrity number (TIN) to measure RNA degradation. When applied to 3 independent RNA-seq datasets, we demonstrated TIN is a reliable and sensitive measure of the RNA degradation at both transcript and sample level. Through comparing 10 prostate cancer clinical samples with lower RNA integrity to 10 samples with higher RNA quality, we demonstrated that calibrating gene expression counts with TIN scores could effectively neutralize RNA degradation effects by reducing false positives and recovering biologically meaningful pathways. When further evaluating the performance of TIN correction using spike-in transcripts in RNA-seq data generated from the Sequencing Quality Control consortium, we found TIN adjustment had better control of false positives and false negatives (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.91, accuracy = 0.90), as compared to gene expression analysis results without TIN correction (sensitivity = 0.98, specificity = 0.50, accuracy = 0.86).

Conclusion
TIN is a reliable measurement of RNA integrity and a valuable approach used to neutralize in vitro RNA degradation effect and improve differential gene expression analysis.
Early and persistent high level of PS 100β is associated with increased poor neurological outcome in patients with SAH: is there a PS 100β threshold for SAH prognosis?
Authors: Quintard Hervé , Leduc Sébastien , Ferrari Patricia , Petit Isabelle , Ichai Carole 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Protein S100β (PS100 β) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) have been described as biological markers of neuronal damage. The purpose of our study was to assess the prognosis thresholds of these biomarkers in subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods
Forty eight patients admitted following SAH were treated by endovascular coiling. Initial neurologic severity was assessed using the World Federation Neurologic Surgeons (WFNS), Fisher grades, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and SAPS II. PS100β and NSE plasma concentration were measured daily within the first week. The primary endpoint of the study was the 6-month Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) dichotomized as poor (GOS 1–3) or good (GOS 4–5).

Results
A poor outcome at 6-months was associated with significant higher levels of S100β value from day 1 to day 7, whereas NSE values were significantly higher from day 5 to day 7. Best threshold value, for prognosis, was obtained at day 5 for PS100β >0.13 μg/L (specificity 0.95 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.74–1; sensitivity 0.83 95 % CI 0.65–0.93) and day 7 for NSE >14.5 μg/L (specificity 0.90 95 % CI 0.67–0.98); sensitivity (0.69 95 % CI 0.51–0.83)). After multivariate logistic analysis, only PS100β at day 5 and SAPS II enabled to predict neurological outcome at 6 months (p <0.05).

Conclusion
PS100β >0.13 μg/L at day 5 is an independent predicting factor of poor neurological outcome at 6 months following SAH. This result could support the use of this biomarker at the acute phase of SAH to help physician determine the prognosis.
CD146+ mesenchymal stem cells display greater therapeutic potential than CD146– cells for treating collagen-induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Wu Cheng-Chi , Liu Fei-Lan , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Tsai Chang-Youh , Chang Deh-Ming 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristics and therapeutic potential of subtypes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are largely unknown. In this study, CD146+and CD146–MSCs were separated from human umbilical cords, and their effects on regulatory T cells (Tregs), Th17 cells, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis were investigated.MethodsFlow cytometry was used to quantify IL-6 and TGF-β1 expressed on CD146+and CD146–MSCs. The therapeutic potential of both subpopulations was determined by measuring the clinical score and joint histology after intra-articular (IA) transfer of the cells into mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).ResultsCompared with CD146–MSCs, CD146+MSCs expressed less IL-6 and had a significantly greater effect on chondrogenesis. After T lymphocyte activation, Th17 cells were activated when exposed to CD146–cells but not when exposed to CD146+cells bothin vitro and in vivo. IA injection of CD146+MSCs attenuated the progression of CIA. Immunohistochemistry showed that only HLA-A+CD146+cells were detected in the cartilage of CIA mice. These cells may help preserve proteoglycan expression.ConclusionsThis study suggests that CD146+cells have greater potency than CD146–cells for cartilage protection and can suppress Th17 cell activation. These data suggest a potential therapeutic application for CD146+cells in treating inflammatory arthritis.
Sentiment analysis and the complex natural language
Authors: Khan Muhammad Taimoor , Durrani Mehr , Ali Armughan , Inayat Irum , Khalid Shehzad , Khan Kamran Habib 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is huge amount of content produced online by amateur authors, covering a large variety of topics. Sentiment analysis (SA) extracts and aggregates users’ sentiments towards a target entity. Machine learning (ML) techniques are frequently used as the natural language data is in abundance and has definite patterns. ML techniques adapt to domain specific solution at high accuracy depending upon the feature set used. The lexicon-based techniques, using external dictionary, are independent of data to prevent overfitting but they miss context too in specialized domains. Corpus-based statistical techniques require large data to stabilize. Complex network based techniques are highly resourceful, preserving order, proximity, context and relationships. Recent applications developed incorporate the platform specific structural information i.e. meta-data. New sub-domains are introduced as influence analysis, bias analysis, and data leakage analysis. The nature of data is also evolving where transcribed customer-agent phone conversation are also used for sentiment analysis. This paper reviews sentiment analysis techniques and highlight the need to address natural language processing (NLP) specific open challenges. Without resolving the complex NLP challenges, ML techniques cannot make considerable advancements. The open issues and challenges in the area are discussed, stressing on the need of standard datasets and evaluation methodology. It also emphasized on the need of better language models that could capture context and proximity.
Toward a digital resilience
Authors: Wright Dawn J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
As we contend with human impacts on the biosphere, there is rightfully a great emphasis now on community adaptation and resilience to climate change. Recent innovations in information technologies and analyses are helping communities to become more resilient. However, not often discussed in this vein is a path toward digital resilience. If mapping and information tools are to help communities, it stands to reason that they must be resilient themselves, as well as the data that they are based on. In other words, digital tools can help make communities resilient by providing data, evidence-based advice on community decisions, etc., but the resilience of the tools themselves can also be an issue. Digital resilience means that to the greatest extent possible, data and tools should be freely accessible, interchangeable, operational, of high quality, and up-to-date so that they can help give rise to the resilience of communities or other entities using them. Given the speed at which humans are altering the biosphere, the usefulness and effectiveness of these technologies must keep pace. This article reviews and recommends three fundamental digital practices, particularly from the standpoint of geospatial data and for community resilience and policy-making. These are: (1) create and implement a culture that consistently shares not only data, but workflows and use cases with the data, especially within maps and geographic information systems or GIS; (2) use maps and other visuals to tell compelling stories that many different kinds of audiences will understand and remember; and (3) be more open to different kinds of partnerships to reduce project costs, yield better results, and foster public awareness and behavioral change.