bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to lower rectal anastomosis: technique innovation and the preliminary report of twenty cases
Authors: Alibakhshi Abbas , Jahangiri Yosra , Sirati Fereydoun , Jalali Sayed Mahdi , Nikdad Mohammad Sadegh , Abbasi Arezou , Afarideh Mohsen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background and aims To describe a practical technique innovation (transanal ‘Pull-through’ approach) as a feasible, safe and effective alternative to the conventional transabdominal stapler low rectal anastomosis in lesions of minimal anatomical distinction from the adjacent intact mucosa.
Material and methods Prospective case-series of patients with low rectal cancers, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and ulcerative colitis undergoing Pull-through transection and very low rectal anastomosis using linear TA-90 noncutting stapler and circular stapler-cutter.
Results In this series, twenty patients (11 men and 9 women) underwent proctectomy by the transanal Pull-through technique. Barring one of the patients that developed a pelvic abscess in the immediate postop follow-up, surgical procedure and the long-term follow-up period was uncomplicated with no critical findings of leakage, stenosis and bleeding. The postop rate of infection and fecal incontinence was not significantly different between genders and different age groups of the study. The mean operative time was calculated 169.9 ± 11.1 minutes.
Conclusion Pull-through transection procedure using the TA-90 non-cutting stapler is a safe, efficient and economically sound technique implicated in low-lying rectal lesions. The transanal ‘Pull-through’ approach is particularly helpful in situations where the direct visualization of lower rectal mucosa changes the prognosis through determining the marginal extent of intact/involved mucosa (e.g., FAP, villous adenomas, rectal polyps and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy tumors).
Postglacial vegetation history of Orcas Island, northwestern Washington
Authors: Leopold Estella B. , Dunwiddie Peter W. , Whitlock Cathy , Nickmann Rudy , Watts William A. 
Published: April 2016

The revegetation of islands following retreat of Pleistocene glaciers is of great biogeographical interest. The San Juan Islands, Washington, feature regionally distinctive xerophytic plant communities, yet their vegetation history, as it relates to past climate and sea level, is poorly known. We describe a 13,700-year-old pollen record from Killebrew Lake Fen and compare the vegetation reconstruction with others from the region. The data suggest that the narrow channels surrounding Orcas Island were not a barrier to early postglacial immigration of plants. Between 13,700 and 12,000 cal yr BP, Pinus, Tsuga, Picea, Alnus viridis, and possibly Juniperus maritima were present in a mosaic that supported Bison antiquus and Megalonyx. The rise of Alnus rubra-type pollen and Pteridium spores at ca. 12,000 cal yr BP suggests a warming trend and probably more fires. Temperate conifer taxa, including Cupressaceae, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga heterophylla, and Abies, increased after 11,000 cal yr BP and especially in the last 7000 cal yr BP. After 6000 cal yr BP, Pseudotsuga and Cupressaceae dominated the vegetation. The last 1500 yr were the wettest period of the record. Due to its rain shadow location, Orcas Island experienced drier conditions than on the mainland during most of the postglacial period.
Glacial lake deltas in New England record continuous, not delayed, postglacial rebound
Authors: Hooke Roger LeBaron , Ridge John Charles 
Published: April 2016

Deltas formed in Lake Hitchcock, a glacial lake that developed in the Connecticut River Valley, New England, between ∼18.3 and 12.5 ka. The heights of topset/foreset contacts of these deltas presently increase northward, linearly, at rate of ∼0.9 m/km. Others have interpreted this as indicating that isostatic rebound did not begin until after the lake drained, several kiloyears after glacial retreat began. However, (non-elastic) adjustment of Earth's lithosphere to changing loads is known to occur on time scales of years. Late-glacial shoreline features elsewhere in New England also increase in elevation with distance from the LGM margin at ∼0.9 m/km, suggesting that this is a result of fundamental properties of the crust and mantle, and independent of the history of glacier retreat. On the basis of a numerical model of flexure of the lithosphere beneath a circular load, we suggest that deflection of the lithosphere is remarkably linear in a zone 50–200 km wide between the retreating ice margin and a forebulge, and that initial rebound of this zone is spatially quite uniform for some kiloyears before differential rebound starts. Thus, lake shorelines, formed over a period of some centuries during deglaciation would, today, rise linearly northward.
COUNTRY-LEVEL SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL PROBABILITY OF BECOMING A CENTENARIAN AMONG OLDER EUROPEAN ADULTS: GENDER INEQUALITY, MALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND PROPORTIONS OF WOMEN IN PARLIAMENTS
Authors: Kim Jong In , Kim Gukbin 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis study confirms an association between survival probability of becoming a centenarian (SPBC) for those aged 65 to 69 and country-level socioeconomic indicators in Europe: the gender inequality index (GII), male labour force participation (MLP) rates and proportions of seats held by women in national parliaments (PWP). The analysis was based on SPBC data from 34 countries obtained from the United Nations (UN). Country-level socioeconomic indicator data were obtained from the UN and World Bank databases. The associations between socioeconomic indicators and SPBC were assessed using correlation coefficients and multivariate regression models. The findings show significant correlations between the SPBC for women and men aged 65 to 69 and country-level socioeconomic indicators: GII (r=−0.674, p=0.001), MLP (r=0.514, p=0.002) and PWP (r=0.498, p=0.003). The SPBC predictors for women and men were lower GIIs and higher MLP and PWP (R2=0.508, p=0.001). Country-level socioeconomic indicators appear to have an important effect on the probability of becoming a centenarian in European adults aged 65 to 69. Country-level gender equality policies in European counties may decrease the risk of unhealthy old age and increase longevity in elders through greater national gender equality; disparities in GII and other country-level socioeconomic indicators impact longevity probability. National longevity strategies should target country-level gender inequality.
Hybrid intervention for type A aortic arch interruption and a giant subclavian artery aneurysm in an adult
Authors: Oz Kursad , Erek Ersin , Yildirim Aydin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInterrupted aortic arch is a very rare but well-described congenital anomaly. Concomitant presentation of interrupted aortic arch and giant subclavian artery aneurysm is an unusual event in adulthood. To the best of our knowledge, hybrid intervention for type A aortic arch interruption with a giant aneurysm of the subclavian artery is an alternative approach for the management of these concomitant pathologies in adults.
DIVISION E COMMISSION 49: INTERPLANETARY PLASMA AND HELIOSPHERE
Authors: Mann Ingrid , Manoharan P. K. , Gopalswamy Natchimuthuk , Briand Carine , Chashei Igor V. , Gibson Sarah E. , Lario David , Hanaoka Yoichiro , Malandraki Olga , Kontar Eduard , Richardson John D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfter a little more than forty years of work related to the interplanetary plasma and the heliosphere the IAU's Commission 49 was formally discontinued in 2015. The commission started its work when the first spacecraft were launched to measure the solar wind in–situ away from Earth orbit, both inward and outward from 1 AU. It now hands over its activities to a new commission during an era of space research when Voyager 1 measures in–situ the parameters of the local interstellar medium at the edge of the heliosphere. The commission will be succeeded by C.E3 with a similar area of responsibility but with more focused specific tasks that the community intends to address during the coming several years. This report includes a short description of the motivation for this commission and of the historical context. It then describes work from 2012 to 2015 during the present solar cycle 24 that has been the weakest in the space era so far. It gave rise to a large number of studies on solar energetic particles and cosmic rays. Other studies addressed e.g. the variation of the solar wind structure and energetic particle fluxes on long time scales, the detection of dust in the solar wind and the Voyager measurements at the edge of the heliosphere. The research is based on measurements from spacecraft that are at present operational and motivated by the upcoming Solar Probe + and Solar Orbiter missions to explore the vicinity of the Sun. We also report here the progress on new and planned radio instruments and their importance for heliospheric studies. Contributors to this report are Carine Briand, Yoichiro Hanaoka, Eduard Kontar, David Lario, Ingrid Mann, John D. Richardson.
DIVISION G COMMISSION 45: STELLAR CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Gray Richard , Soubiran Caroline , Nordström Birgitta , Burgasser Adam , Gupta Ranjan , Hanson Margaret , Leggett Sandy K. , Soubiran Caroline , Singh Harinder P. , Nordström Birgitta 
Published: April 2016

Commission 45 is solidly anchored in the beginnings of the IAU. It evolved out of Commission 29, which was one of the original commissions and whose title and emphasis was the Spectral Classification of Stars (Transactions of the IAU, Volume I, 1922). C29 was formed with W.S. Adams (Pasadena) as president. Its first members were Miss Cannon, R.H. Curtiss, A. Fowler, A. de Gramont, M. Hamy, H.F. Newall, J.S. Plaskett, H.N. Russell, all very much part of the history of stellar spectroscopy. In the 1922 Transactions report it was recognized the Harvard System of spectral classification “has already been adopted by international agreement. . .”
Linking stress-driven microstructural evolution in nanocrystalline aluminium with grain boundary doping of oxygen
Authors: He Mo-Rigen , Samudrala Saritha K. , Kim Gyuseok , Felfer Peter J. , Breen Andrew J. , Cairney Julie M. , Gianola Daniel S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe large fraction of material residing at grain boundaries in nanocrystalline metals and alloys is responsible for their ultrahigh strength, but also undesirable microstructural instability under thermal and mechanical loads. However, the underlying mechanism of stress-driven microstructural evolution is still poorly understood and precludes rational alloy design. Here we combine quantitative in situ electron microscopy with three-dimensional atom-probe tomography to directly link the mechanics and kinetics of grain boundary migration in nanocrystalline Al films with the excess of O atoms at the boundaries. Site-specific nanoindentation leads to grain growth that is retarded by impurities, and enables quantification of the critical stress for the onset of grain boundary migration. Our results show that a critical excess of impurities is required to stabilize interfaces in nanocrystalline materials against mechanical driving forces, providing new insights to guide control of deformation mechanisms and tailoring of mechanical properties apart from grain size alone.
A genetic network that suppresses genome rearrangements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and contains defects in cancers
Authors: Putnam Christopher D. , Srivatsan Anjana , Nene Rahul V. , Martinez Sandra L. , Clotfelter Sarah P. , Bell Sara N. , Somach Steven B. , E.S. de Souza Jorge , Fonseca André F. , de Souza Sandro J. , Kolodner Richard D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) play an important role in human diseases, including cancer. The identity of all Genome Instability Suppressing (GIS) genes is not currently known. Here multiple Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCR assays and query mutations were crossed into arrays of mutants to identify progeny with increased GCR rates. One hundred eighty two GIS genes were identified that suppressed GCR formation. Another 438 cooperatively acting GIS genes were identified that were not GIS genes, but suppressed the increased genome instability caused by individual query mutations. Analysis of TCGA data using the human genes predicted to act in GIS pathways revealed that a minimum of 93% of ovarian and 66% of colorectal cancer cases had defects affecting one or more predicted GIS gene. These defects included loss-of-function mutations, copy-number changes associated with reduced expression, and silencing. In contrast, acute myeloid leukaemia cases did not appear to have defects affecting the predicted GIS genes.
Dazl is a target RNA suppressed by mammalian NANOS2 in sexually differentiating male germ cells
Authors: Kato Yuzuru , Katsuki Takeo , Kokubo Hiroki , Masuda Aki , Saga Yumiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEvolutionally conserved Nanos RNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in germ cell development. While a mammalian Nanos family protein, NANOS2, is required for sexual differentiation of male (XY) germ cells in mice, the underlying mechanisms and the identities of its target RNAs in vivo remain elusive. Using comprehensive microarray analysis and a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic system, here we identify Dazl, a germ cell-specific gene encoding an RNA-binding protein implicated in translation, as a crucial target of NANOS2. Importantly, removal of the Dazl 3′-untranslated region in XY germ cells stabilizes the Dazl mRNA, resulting in elevated meiotic gene expression, abnormal resumption of the cell cycle and impaired processing-body formation, reminiscent of Nanos2-knockout phenotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that NANOS2 acts as an antagonist of the DAZL protein. We propose a dual system of NANOS2-mediated suppression of Dazl expression as a pivotal molecular mechanism promoting sexual differentiation of XY germ cells.
Reacquisition of the lower temporal bar in sexually dimorphic fossil lizards provides a rare case of convergent evolution
Authors: Simões Tiago R. , Funston Gregory F. , Vafaeian Behzad , Nydam Randall L. , Doschak Michael R. , Caldwell Michael W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTemporal fenestration has long been considered a key character to understand relationships amongst reptiles. In particular, the absence of the lower temporal bar (LTB) is considered one of the defining features of squamates (lizards and snakes). In a re-assessment of the borioteiioid lizardPolyglyphanodon sternbergi(Cretaceous, North America), we detected a heretofore unrecognized ontogenetic series, sexual dimorphism (a rare instance for Mesozoic reptiles) and a complete LTB, a feature only recently recognized for another borioteiioid,Tianyusaurus zhengi(Cretaceous, China). A new phylogenetic analysis (with updates on a quarter of the scorings forP. sternbergi) indicates not only that the LTB was reacquired in squamates, but it happened independently at least twice. An analysis of the functional significance of the LTB using proxies indicates that, unlike forT. zhengi, this structure had no apparent functional advantage inP. sternbergiand it is better explained as the result of structural constraint release. The observed canalization against a LTB in squamates was broken at some point in the evolution of borioteiioids, whereas never re-occuring in other squamate lineages. This case of convergent evolution involves a mix of both adaptationist and structuralist causes, which is unusual for both living and extinct vertebrates.
Enhancement of Paramagnetic Relaxation by Photoexcited Gold Nanorods
Authors: Wen Tao , Wamer Wayne G. , Subczynski Witold K. , Hou Shuai , Wu Xiaochun , Yin Jun-Jie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElectron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the switchable, light-dependent effects of gold nanorods (GNRs) on paramagnetic properties of nitroxide spin probes. The photoexcited GNRs enhanced the spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxations of nitroxide spin probes. It was shown that molecular oxygen plays the key role in this process. Our results demonstrate that ESR is a powerful tool for investigating the events following photoexcitation of GNRs. The novel light-controlled effects observed for GNRs on paramagnetic properties and activities of surrounding molecules have a number of significant applications where oxygen sensing and oxygen activity is important.
Inelastic response of silicon to shock compression
Authors: Higginbotham A. , Stubley P. G. , Comley A. J. , Eggert J. H. , Foster J. M. , Kalantar D. H. , McGonegle D. , Patel S. , Peacock L. J. , Rothman S. D. , Smith R. F. , Suggit M. J. , Wark J. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe elastic and inelastic response of [001] oriented silicon to laser compression has been a topic of considerable discussion for well over a decade, yet there has been little progress in understanding the basic behaviour of this apparently simple material. We present experimental x-ray diffraction data showing complex elastic strain profiles in laser compressed samples on nanosecond timescales. We also present molecular dynamics and elasticity code modelling which suggests that a pressure induced phase transition is the cause of the previously reported ‘anomalous’ elastic waves. Moreover, this interpretation allows for measurement of the kinetic timescales for transition. This model is also discussed in the wider context of reported deformation of silicon to rapid compression in the literature.
A disulphide isomerase gene (PDI-V) from Haynaldia villosa contributes to powdery mildew resistance in common wheat
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Li Yingbo , Arshad Muhammad , Jiangyue Cheng , Jia Zhao , Wang Zongkuan , Xiao Jin , Wang Haiyan , Cao Aizhong , Xing Liping , Yu Feifei , Zhang Ruiqi , Xie Qi , Wang Xiue 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, we report the contribution of a PDI-like gene from wheat wild relative Haynaldia villosa in combating powdery mildew. PDI-V protein contains two conserved thioredoxin (TRX) active domains (a and a′) and an inactive domain (b). PDI-V interacted with E3 ligase CMPG1-V protein, which is a positive regulator of powdery mildew response. PDI-V was mono-ubiquitinated by CMPG1-V without degradation being detected. PDI-V was located on H. villosa chromosome 5V and encoded for a protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Bgt infection in leaves of H. villosa induced PDI-V expression. Virus induced gene silencing of PDIs in a T. durum-H. villosa amphiploid compromised the resistance. Single cell transient over-expression of PDI-V or a truncated version containing the active TXR domain a decreased the haustorial index in moderately susceptible wheat cultivar Yangmai 158. Stable transgenic lines over-expressing PDI-V in Yangmai 158 displayed improved powdery mildew resistance at both the seedling and adult stages. By contrast over-expression of point-mutated PDI-VC57A did not increase the level of resistance in Yangmai 158. The above results indicate a pivotal role of PDI-V in powdery mildew resistance and showed that conserved TRX domain a is critical for its function.
Streptomyces malaysiense sp. nov.: A novel Malaysian mangrove soil actinobacterium with antioxidative activity and cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines
Authors: Ser Hooi-Leng , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan , Goh Bey-Hing , Lee Learn-Han 
Published: April 2016

AbstractActinobacteria from the unique intertidal ecosystem of the mangroves are known to produce novel, bioactive secondary metabolites. A novel strain known as MUSC 136T (=DSM 100712T = MCCC 1K01246T) which was isolated from Malaysian mangrove forest soil has proven to be no exception. Assessed by a polyphasic approach, its taxonomy showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with the genus of Streptomyces. Phylogenetically, highest similarity was to Streptomyces misionensis NBRC 13063T (99.6%) along with two other strains (>98.9% sequence similarities). The DNA–DNA relatedness between MUSC 136T and these type strains ranged from 22.7 ± 0.5% to 46.5 ± 0.2%. Overall, polyphasic approach studies indicated this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces malaysiense sp. nov. is proposed. The potential bioactivities of this strain were explored by means of antioxidant and cytotoxic assays. Intriguingly, MUSC 136T exhibited strong antioxidative activities as evaluated by a panel of antioxidant assays. It was also found to possess high cytotoxic effect against HCT-116 cells, which probably mediated through altering p53 protein and intracellular glutathione levels. Chemical analysis of the extract using GC-MS further affirms that the strain produces chemopreventive related metabolites.
Increased N6-methyladenosine in Human Sperm RNA as a Risk Factor for Asthenozoospermia
Authors: Yang Ying , Huang Wei , Huang Jing-Tao , Shen Fan , Xiong Jun , Yuan Er-Feng , Qin Shan-shan , Zhang Ming , Feng Yu-Qi , Yuan Bi-Feng , Liu Song-Mei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMale infertility is a worldwide medical problem. Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of infertility. Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones have been shown to influence human infertility, but no research has explored whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level in RNA is associated with asthenozoospermia. Here, we collected a total of 52 semen samples, including 20 asthenozoospermia patients and 32 healthy controls. An LC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to detect m6A contents in sperm RNA, and real-time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of demethylase (FTO, ALKBH5), methyltransferase (METTL3, METTL14, WTAP) and an m6A-selective-binding protein (YTHDF2). We found that m6A content (p = 0.033) and the mRNA expression of METTL3 (p = 0.016) and METTL14 (p = 0.025) in asthenozoospermia patients were significantly higher than those of controls. Increased m6A content was a risk factor for asthenozoospermia (odds ratio (OR) 3.229, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.178 – 8.853, p = 0.023). Moreover, m6A content was correlated with the expression of METTL3 (r = 0.303, p = 0.032) and with sperm motility (progressive motility: r = −0.288, p = 0.038; non-progressive motility: r = −0.293, p = 0.037; immotility: r = 0.387, p = 0.005). Our data suggest that increased m6A content is a risk factor for asthenozoospermia and affects sperm motility. Methyltransferases, particularly METTL3, play key roles in increasing m6A contents in sperm RNA.
DNA hypomethylation upregulates expression of the MGAT3 gene in HepG2 cells and leads to changes in N-glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins
Authors: Klasić Marija , Krištić Jasminka , Korać Petra , Horvat Tomislav , Markulin Dora , Vojta Aleksandar , Reiding Karli R. , Wuhrer Manfred , Lauc Gordan , Zoldoš Vlatka 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChanges in N-glycosylation of plasma proteins are observed in many types of cancer, nevertheless, few studies suggest the exact mechanism involved in aberrant protein glycosylation. Here we studied the impact of DNA methylation on the N-glycome in the secretome of the HepG2 cell line derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the majority of plasma glycoproteins originate from the liver, the HepG2 cells represent a good model for glycosylation changes in HCC that are detectable in blood, which is an easily accessible analytic material in a clinical setting. Two different concentrations of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-2dC) differentially affected global genome methylation and induced different glycan changes. Around twenty percent of 84 glyco-genes analysed changed expression level after the 5-aza-2dC treatment as a result of global genome hypomethylation. A correlation study between the changes in glyco-gene expression and the HepG2 glycosylation profile suggests that the MGAT3 gene might be responsible for the glycan changes consistently induced by both doses of 5-aza-2dC. Core-fucosylated tetra-antennary structures were decreased in quantity likely as a result of hypomethylated MGAT3 gene promoter followed by increased expression of this gene.