bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supported Cu catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous phase: effect of support
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhu Wei , Sang Shengya , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAqueous‐phase processing of biomass‐derived furfural is one of the promising ways to convert biomass into useful chemicals. Supported metal catalysts are crucial in the aqueous‐phase hydrogenation of furfural. Understanding the effect of acid and basic properties of supports on the performance of the catalysts will help understand the reaction pathways and develop more efficient catalysts. Here, a series of Cu‐based catalysts with different supports (Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, MgO, and ZSM‐5) have been investigated in hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous phase. The properties of the supports have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscope, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and CO2 and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption. The results show that pure acid support leads to the formation of oligomers and pure basic support results in furfuryl alcohol as the main product. And the mass balance in reaction system catalyzed by Cu‐based catalysts with higher acidity amount is lower. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic antioxidants based on calixarene: Synthesis, structural characterization, and antioxidative properties in natural rubber
Authors: Li Hongqiang , Zhong Yong , Wu Wenjian , Zhang Lin , Lai Xuejun , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTC‐methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR) was first synthesized by condensation reaction between resorcinol and acetaldehyde, and then used as functional monomer to prepare two CMCR derivatives including CMCR‐1 and CMCR‐2 with four ethoxymethyl chains and four hexylthiolmethyl chains, respectively. The structures of CMCR and its derivatives were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed CMCR, CMCR‐1, and CMCR‐2 had superior thermal stability than commercial antioxidant 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol. Oxidation induction time and accelerated thermal aging tests indicated that CMCR‐2 exhibited excellent antioxidative property in natural rubber, which was due to multiphenol groups, big steric hindrance, and synergistic effect between thiother and hindered phenol. Importantly, CMCR‐2 also possessed outstanding extraction resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45144.
The impact of presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in subcentimeter thyroid nodules: A retrospective study from FUSCC
Authors: Gao Lili , Ma Ben , Zhou Li , Wang Yu , Yang Shuwen , Qu Ning , Gao Yi , Ji Qinghai 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe incidence of PTMC has been increasing in the recent years. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of US‐FNA in thyroid nodules ≤1 cm and whether the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in thyroid could influence the accuracy. The patients who accepted US‐FNA at FUSCC from December 2012 to November 2015 and followed our criteria were enrolled in this study. We extracted the cytological, pathological, and follow‐up US/US‐FNA data of patients with subcentimeter nodules. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), false‐negative rate (FNR), false‐positive rate (FPR), and AUC were calculated to define FNA diagnostic performance in patients. The association of HT with cytological results was analyzed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. In total, 754 patients with 817 subcentimeter nodules were collected to comprise the FUSCC cohort. Of the 817 nodules, the cytological results were ND/UNS in 80 nodules (9.8%), benign in 74 (9.1%), AUS/FLUS in 80 (9.8%), FN/SFN in 6 (0.7%), suspicious for malignancy (SM) in 222 (27.2%), and malignant in 355 (43.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC of US‐FNA for the subcentimeter nodules were 98.8%, 90.5%, 98.8%, 90.5%, and 94.7%, respectively. In comparison with HT‐positive subcentimeter nodules, the diagnostic value of US‐FNA for HT‐negative nodules was significantly higher (HT‐positive: AUC = 91.6%, HT‐negative: AUC = 95.9%, P = 0.028). The coexistent HT was found to increase the risk of the FNR and indeterminate cytological results. US‐FNA demonstrated an effective method for diagnosis of subcentimeter thyroid nodules with a low nondiagnostic rate in our study. The presence of HT in thyroid could be a risk factor for the increased FNR and indeterminate cytological results during US‐FNA.
Hemodynamic collapse due to the stenosis of four pulmonary veins in a patient with mediastinal tumor
Authors: Yoshida Kentaro , Fujisawa Fumie , Kojima Hiroshi , Takeyasu Noriyuki 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageCardiogenic shock can occur due to compression of the four pulmonary veins and the left atrium by a mediastinal tumor. Steroid infusion can be a temporary alternative therapy before obtaining a definite diagnosis and performing an intervention with stents to dilate the pulmonary veins.
Triazolylidene‐Iridium Complexes with a Pendant Pyridyl Group for Cooperative Metal–Ligand Induced Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Amines
Authors: Valencia Marta , Pereira Ana , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Belderraín Tomás R. , Pérez Pedro J. , Albrecht Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo iridium(III) complexes containing a C,N‐bidentate pyridyl‐triazolylidene ligand were prepared that are structurally very similar but differ in their pendant substituent. Whereas complex 1 contains a non‐coordinating pyridyl unit, complex 2 has a phenyl group on the triazolylidene substituent. The presence of the basic pyridyl unit has distinct effects on the catalytic activity of the complex in the oxidative dehydrogenation of benzylic amines, inducing generally higher rates, higher selectivity towards formation of imines versus secondary amines, and notable quantities of tertiary amines when compared to the phenyl‐functionalized analogue. The role of the pyridyl functionality has been elucidated from a set of stoichiometric experiments, which demonstrate hydrogen bonding between the pendant pyridyl unit and the amine protons of the substrate. Such Npyr⋅⋅⋅H−N interactions are demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction analysis, 1H NMR, and IR spectroscopy, and suggest a pathway of substrate bond‐activation that involves concerted substrate binding through the Lewis acidic iridium center and the Lewis basic pyridyl site appended to the triazolylidene ligand, in agreement with ligand–metal cooperative substrate activation.
Selective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones by Air‐Stable Ruthenium NNS Complexes
Authors: Puylaert Pim , van Heck Richard , Fan Yuting , Spannenberg Anke , Baumann Wolfgang , Beller Matthias , Medlock Jonathan , Bonrath Werner , Lefort Laurent , Hinze Sandra , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of the carbonyl functionality of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones is catalysed by ruthenium dichloride complexes bearing a tridentate NNS ligand as well as triphenylphosphine. The tridentate ligand backbone is flexible, as evidenced by the equilibrium observed in solution between the cis‐ and trans‐isomers of the dichloride precatalysts, as well as crystal structures of several of these complexes. The complexes are activated by base in the presence of hydrogen and readily hydrogenate carbonyl functionalities under mild conditions. Despite the activation by base, side reactions are negligible, even for aldehyde substrates, because of the low amount of base. Thus, the corresponding allylic alcohols can be isolated in very good yields on a 10–25 mmol scale. Turnover numbers up to 200 000 were achieved.
Between the Poles of Data‐Driven and Mechanistic Modeling for Process Operation
Authors: Solle Dörte , Hitzmann Bernd , Herwig Christoph , Pereira Remelhe Manuel , Ulonska Sophia , Wuerth Lynn , Prata Adrian , Steckenreiter Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe best method for process control is the use of model‐based solutions, based on process analytical technology for online monitoring of critical process variables, product quality attributes, or a holistic process state estimation. Mechanistic models as well as data‐driven techniques are essential for real‐time process monitoring. Their main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and the link between both are discussed as well as the synergetic effects, benefits, and drawbacks resulting from their combination. Aspects and differences of the computational model life cycle management are highlighted.
On the Synthesis of Stereocalpin A: Partial Retraction/Correction of Previous Results and Rationalization of the Hidden Difficulties
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Wu Yikang , Li Yan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn continuation/checking of a previous synthesis directed toward the literature structure of stereocalpin A it was found that the data for a substantial part of the intermediates reported before were incorrect. Some of the transformations were not successfully reproduced and the failures were shown to be consequences of the presence of the N‐Me and the particular location of the ester linkage. The origins of the “extra/minor” signals in the NMR for most of the intermediates, which tend to be mistaken as signs for the presence of impurity/isomers, are also discussed.
Relative effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive lobular compared with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Marmor Schelomo , Hui Jane Yuet Ching , Huang Jing Li , Kizy Scott , Beckwith Heather , Blaes Anne H. , Rueth Natasha M. , Tuttle Todd M. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDInvasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) have distinct clinical, pathologic, and genomic characteristics. The objective of the current study was to compare the relative impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of patients with ILC versus those with IDC.METHODSWomen with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER2) ‐negative, stage I/II IDC and ILC who received endocrine therapy were identified from the 2000 to 2014 California Cancer Registry. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were collected. Ten‐year overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional‐hazards modeling.RESULTSIn total, 32,997 women with IDC and 4638 with ILC were identified. The receipt of chemotherapy significantly decreased during the study for both subtypes. For patients with IDC, the 10‐year OS rate was 95% among those who received endocrine therapy alone versus 93% (P < .01) among those who received endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy. For patients with ILC, the 10‐year OS rate was 94% among those who received endocrine therapy alone versus 92% (P < .01) among those who received endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy. After adjusting for patient and treatment factors, adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with a decreased 10‐year hazard of death for patients with IDC (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.74‐0.92). In contrast, adjuvant chemotherapy was not independently associated with the adjusted 10‐year hazard of death for patients with ILC (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.90‐1.46).CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved OS for patients with ER‐positive, HER2‐negative, stage I/II ILC. Avoidance of ineffective chemotherapy will markedly reduce the adverse effects and economic burden of breast cancer treatment for a large proportion of patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:3015–21. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Methods for Quantitative Creatinine Determination
Authors: Moore John F. , Sharer J. Daniel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReliable measurement of creatinine is necessary to assess kidney function, and also to quantitate drug levels and diagnostic compounds in urine samples. The most commonly used methods are based on the Jaffe principal of alkaline creatinine‐picric acid complex color formation. However, other compounds commonly found in serum and urine may interfere with Jaffe creatinine measurements. Therefore, many laboratories have made modifications to the basic method to remove or account for these interfering substances. This appendix will summarize the basic Jaffe method, as well as a modified, automated version. Also described is a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that separates creatinine from contaminants prior to direct quantification by UV absorption. Lastly, a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method is described that uses stable isotope dilution to reliably quantify creatinine in any sample. This last approach has been recommended by experts in the field as a means to standardize all quantitative creatinine methods against an accepted reference. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhancement of cytokine‐driven NK cell IFN‐γ production after vaccination of HCMV infected Africans
Authors: Darboe Alansana , Danso Ebrima , Clarke Ed , Umesi Ama , Touray Ebrima , Wegmuller Rita , Moore Sophie E. , Riley Eleanor M. , Goodier Martin R. 
Published: April 2017

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection drives the phenotypic and functional differentiation of NK cells, thereby influencing the responses of these cells after vaccination. NK cell functional differentiation is particularly advanced in African populations with universal exposure to HCMV. To investigate the impact of advanced differentiation on vaccine‐induced responses, we studied NK‐cell function before and after vaccination with Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) or diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTPiP) in Africans with universal, lifelong HCMV exposure. In contrast to populations with lower prevalence of HCMV infection, no significant enhancement of NK‐cell responses (IFN‐γ, CD107a, CD25) occurred after in vitro re‐stimulation of post‐vaccination NK cells with TIV or DTPiP antigens compared to pre‐vaccination baseline cells. However, both vaccinations resulted in higher frequencies of NK cells producing IFN‐γ in response to exogenous IL‐12 with IL‐18, which persisted for up to 6 months. Enhanced cytokine responsiveness was restricted to less differentiated NK cells, with increased frequencies of IFN‐γ+ cells observed within CD56brightCD57−, CD56dimCD57−NKG2C− and CD56dimCD57−NKG2C+ NK‐cell subsets. These data suggest a common mechanism whereby different vaccines enhance NK cell IFN‐γ function in HCMV infected donors and raise the potential for further exploitation of NK cell “pre‐activation” to improve vaccine effectiveness.
The three‐dimensional behavior of inverted pendulum cylindrical structures during earthquakes
Authors: Vassiliou Michalis F. , Burger Stefan , Egger Marius , Bachmann Jonas A. , Broccardo Marco , Stojadinovic Bozidar 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn order to use rocking as a seismic response modification strategy along both directions of seismic excitation, a three‐dimensional (3D) rocking model should be developed. Since stepping or rolling rocking structural members out of their initial position is not a desirable performance, a rocking design should not involve these modes of motion. To this end, a model that takes the aforementioned constraint into account needs to be developed. This paper examines the 3D motion of a bounded rigid cylinder that is allowed to uplift and sustain rocking and wobbling (unsteady rolling) motion without sliding or rolling out of its initial position (i.e., a 3D inverted pendulum). Thus, the cylinder is constrained to zero residual displacement at the end of its 3D motion. This 3D dynamic model of the rocking rigid cylinder has two DOFs (three when damping is included), making it the simplest 3D extension of Housner's classical two‐dimensional (2D) rocking model. The development of models with and without damping is presented first. They are simple enough to perform extensive parametric analyses. Modes of motion of the cylinder are identified and presented. Then, 3D rocking and wobbling earthquake response spectra are constructed and compared with the classical 2D rocking earthquake response spectra. The 3D bounded rocking earthquake response spectra for the ground motions considered seem to have a very simple linear form. Finally, it is shown that the use of a 2D rocking model may lead to unacceptably unconservative estimates of the 3D rocking and wobbling seismic response. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cu Nanoparticles on TiN by Electroless Deposition: Surface‐Mediated Diameter Control and Application to Si Nanowires Growth
Authors: Roussey Arthur , Martinez Eugénie , Copéret Christophe , Thieuleux Chloé , Jousseaume Vincent 
Published: April 2017

Cu Nanoparticles on TiN coated silicon substrates were prepared from well‐defined molecular precursors [CuOtBu]4 in non‐aqueous solutions. The formation of nanoparticles takes place via galvanic displacement and allows for the formation of narrowly distributed Cu nanoparticles with controlled size ranging from 8 to 35 nm through the control of the oxidation state of the TiN surface. The activity of these nanoparticles arrays in low temperature Si nanowires growth by the vapor‐solid‐solid mechanism was also investigated and larger Cu nanoparticles were found to yield higher Si nanowires density.
Effects of wall confinement and rheology of non‐Newtonian nanofluids on mixed convection phenomenon of a square cylinder in a vertical channel
Authors: Krishna Koduru M. , Gidituri Harinadha , Kishore Nanda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe mixed convective momentum and heat transfer phenomena of confined square cylinders in non‐Newtonian nanofluids are numerically investigated. The experimental thermophysical properties of alumina‐water‐based nanofluids are adopted from literature and these nanofluids obey shear‐thinning power‐law type non‐Newtonian behavior. The square cylinder is confined in a vertical channel with a confinement ratio of 0.1333. The flow is assumed to be two‐dimensional and the fluid is allowed to flow in upward direction across the confined square cylinder in the vertical channel. The aiding/opposing buoyancy in the flow is incorporated in terms of Richardson number (Ri) in the range of –2 to 2. The ranges of other dimensionless parameters considered are: Reynolds number, Re: 1 to 40; and volume fraction of nanoparticles, ϕ: 0.005 to 0.045. This range of volume fraction of nanoparticles (i.e., ϕ = 0.005 to 0.045) corresponds to the power‐law index (n) of a non‐Newtonian nanofluid in the range of n = 0.88 to 0.5, respectively. Prior to obtaining new results, the solution methodology is validated with existing literature counterparts. Finally, effects of the Reynolds number, Richardson number, and the rheology of non‐Newtonian nanofluids on streamline patterns, surface pressure, surface vorticity, drag coefficients, isotherm contours, local and average Nusselt numbers are delineated.
Using adaptive processes and adverse outcome pathways to develop meaningful, robust, and actionable environmental monitoring programs
Authors: Arciszewski Tim J , Munkittrick Kelly R , Scrimgeour Garry J , Dubé Monique G , Wrona Fred J , Hazewinkel Rod R 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The primary goals of environmental monitoring are to indicate whether unexpected changes related to development are occurring in the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of ecosystems and to inform meaningful management intervention. Although achieving these objectives is conceptually simple, varying scientific and social challenges often result in their breakdown. Conceptualizing, designing, and operating programs that better delineate monitoring, management, and risk assessment processes supported by hypothesis-driven approaches, strong inference, and adverse outcome pathways can overcome many of the challenges. Generally, a robust monitoring program is characterized by hypothesis-driven questions associated with potential adverse outcomes and feedback loops informed by data. Specifically, key and basic features are predictions of future observations (triggers) and mechanisms to respond to success or failure of those predictions (tiers). The adaptive processes accelerate or decelerate the effort to highlight and overcome ignorance while preventing the potentially unnecessary escalation of unguided monitoring and management. The deployment of the mutually reinforcing components can allow for more meaningful and actionable monitoring programs that better associate activities with consequences. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:877–891. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points
Many monitoring programs struggle to achieve their stated objectives. Periodic adaptation of a monitoring program is a powerful tool to achieve the goals of stakeholders. Adaptive monitoring and adaptive management are distinct but complementary processes.
The use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an in vitro model to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles to endothelium: a review
Authors: Cao Yi , Gong Yu , Liu Liangliang , Zhou Yiwei , Fang Xin , Zhang Cao , Li Yining , Li Juan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWith the rapid development of nanotechnologies, nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly produced and used in many commercial products, which could lead to the contact of human blood vessels with NPs. Thus, it is necessary to understand the adverse effects of NPs to relevant cells lining human blood vessels, especially endothelial cells (ECs) that cover the lumen of blood vessels. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are among one of the most popular models used for ECs in vitro. In the present review, we discussed studies that have used HUVECs as a model to investigate the EC–NP interactions, the toxic effects of NPs on ECs and the mechanisms. The results of these studies indicated that NPs could be internalized into HUVECs by the endocytosis pathway as well as transported across HUVECs by exocytosis and paracellular pathways. Exposure of HUVECs to NPs could induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, eNOS uncoupling and endothelial activation, which could be explained by NP‐induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and dysfunction of organelles. In addition, some studies have also evaluated the influences of microenvironment (e.g. the presence of proteins and excessive nutrients), the physiological and/or pathological stimuli related to the diversity of ECs (e.g. shear stress, cyclic stretch and inflammatory stimuli), and the physicochemical properties of NPs on the responses of ECs to NP exposure. In conclusion, it has been suggested that HUVECs could be considered as a relatively reliable and simple in vitro model for ECs to predict and evaluate the toxicity of NPs to endothelium. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.