bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Det legitima moderskapets genealogi: en transtextuell diskurshistorisk analys
Authors: Westberg Gustav 
Published: January 2018

Sammendrag Denna artikel syftar till att visa hur en diskurs om modern som primär förälder transformeras till en legitim och förgivettagen tankefigur under perioden 1870–2010. Med en sociosemiotisk och multimodal legitimeringsanalys (van Leeuwen, 2008) undersöks hur frågorna ”varför moderskap?” och ”varför moderskap på detta sätt?” besvaras i svenska och välspridda sakprosatexter publicerade under 1870, 1940- och 2010-talet. Inspirerad av Mackay (2015) analyseras vidare hur svaren på dessa frågor relaterar till varandra över tid och inom ett transtextuellt representationskontinuum mellan legitimering och legitimitet. Analysen visar hur kristna föreställningar legitimerar modern som primär förälder under 1870-talet, och att tankefiguren representeras som mer eller mindre legitim under 1940- och 2010-talet. Artikeln fångar samtidigt hur ett kristet tolkningssystem reproduceras som ett tyst fundament när diskursen representeras som legitim under de senare perioderna. Artikelförfattaren kritiserar avslutningsvis nutida diskurser om moderskap för att vara icke-rationella och manipulativa i habermasisk mening (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001, 2016), och resonerar kring hur kritisk diskursanalys kan tjäna som medel för att påverka diskurser i emancipatorisk riktning. AbstractThe aim of this article is to illustrate how a discourse of the mother as main parent is transformed into a legitimacy between the 1870s and 2010s. With a social semiotic and multimodal analysis of legitimation (van Leeuwen, 2008) the article investigates how the questions “why should we be mothers?” and “why should we be mothers in particular ways?” are answered in a corpora consisting of Swedish non-literary and wide spread texts published in the 1870s, 1940s and 2010s. Inspired by Mackay (2015), the article furthermore investigates how the answers relate diachronically and within a transtextual continuum between legitimation and legitimacy. The main finding regards how the discourse of mother as primary care taker is intensely legitimized during the 1870s and negotiated as legit during the 1940s and 2010s. The discourse is primarily legitimized with reference to a Lutheran system of interpretation during the 1870s, yet this system is reproduced when the discourse is represented as legit during the 1940s and 2010s, but in less overt ways. Leaning on Reisigl & Wodak (2001, 2016), the article concludes by critiquing present discourses on motherhood for being non-rational and manipulative in a habermasian sense. The article ends with a reflection on critical discourse analysis as a means for prospective and emancipatory change.
Påvirker omskrivninger af tekster fra det offentlige borgernes forståelse – og hvordan?
Authors: Kjærgaard Anne 
Published: January 2018

I Danmark arbejder ganske mange offentlige institutioner løbende på at gøre deres tekster lettere at forstå og mere imødekommende for “almindelige borgere”, altså borgere uden særligt indblik i de fagområder teksterne handler om. Denne type bestræbelser er imidlertid primært baseret på praksis og savner i vidt omfang forskningsmæssigt belæg. Her i artiklen præsenteres de første resultater af et studie der undersøger om tre versioner af et brev fra de danske skattemyndigheder (SKAT) virker efter hensigten i forhold til tekstmodtagere. De tre brevversioner er udarbejdet af medarbejdere hos SKAT. Studiet er baseret på et spørgeskema udfyldt af 717 respondenter. Hovedspørgsmålet i artiklen er om de reviderede versioner er lettere for respondenterne at forstå. Resultaterne viser at revisionerne på flere områder er lettere at forstå, selvom de ikke i alle tilfælde resulterer i øget forståelse. På grundlag af disse resultater udpeges der i artiklen en række (primært) tekstlige faktorer som tilsyneladende bidrager til øget forståelse, og disse faktorer knyttes til den eksisterende forskning. Abstract:In Denmark, there are extensive efforts to revise texts emanating from public authorities to make them easier to understand and more appropriate to lay citizens (efforts comparable to the campaign for plain English). However, such efforts focus mainly on practice and not on evidence derived from research. This article presents the first results of a study examining whether practices of textual revision applied in Danish public institutions, as exemplified by 3 versions of a letter from The Danish Tax Authority, have the intended effects for the texts’ recipients. The study is based on a questionnaire completed by 717 respondents. The main question posed by the article is whether the revised versions are easier for the respondents to understand. The analysis shows that the revised letter versions are, in fact, easier to under­stand – even though they may not in all cases result in improved comprehension. The article uses these results to identify a number of (primarily) textual variables that may contribute to increased comprehension and links these variables to existing research.
Vznik a vývoj mrtvého ramene u Polanky nad Odrou v CHKO Poodří
Authors: Sedláček Jan , Kielar Ondřej , Šimíček Daniel , Kapustová Veronika 
Published: January 2018

Předložený článek se zabývá výzkumem sedimentů nově vzniklého mrtvého ramene, které je lokalizováno v CHKO Poodří. Cílem studie je charakterizovat iniciální stadia jeho vývoje. Pro určení základních vlastností sedimentů byly použity metody vysokorozlišující stratigrafie. Byl změřen obsah vody, magnetická susceptibilita, spektrální odraznost ve viditelném světle, zrnitostní rozbor a obsah celkového organického uhlíku (TOC). Studované mrtvé rameno, situované u Polanky nad Odrou, bylo vytvořeno po povodních v roce 2010 protržením meandrové šíje. Na lokalitě byla odebrána dvě jádra o délce 81 cm (POD2) a 108 cm (POD1). Sedimenty sestávají převážně z prachu s vysokým podílem jílové frakce. Materiál s písčitou příměsí byl nalezen v bazálních částech, což nasvědčuje ukládání během iniciálního stadia vzniku mrtvého ramene. Magnetická susceptibilita a CIEL* vykazují určitou variabilitu, která je podmíněna změnami sedimentačních podmínek během roku. Zejména může indikovat jarní povodně a vyšší organickou produkci během letních měsíců. Na druhou stranu je obsah TOC nízký, pravděpodobně v důsledku rychlé degradace organické hmoty. Mrtvé rameno je stále hydraulicky spojeno s hlavním tokem, a proto je dobře okysličené. Rychlost sedimentace je vzhledem k malému akomodačnímu prostoru velmi vysoká, až 18 cm/r. Postupující změlčování a zužování dále vede ke zmenšování vodní plochy mrtvého ramene.
Les figures multiples de l’hétérophonie dans la musique de Zad Moultaka
Authors: Fariji Anis 
Published: January 2018

Zad Moultaka, compositeur franco-libanais, réinvestit le matériau musical de sa culture d’origine – proche-orientale – à partir de l’univers de la musique contemporaine. Un tel rapport distancié participe à renouveler la perception même de l’héritage traditionnel, de sorte que certaines qualités propres, qui ont dû être peu considérées dans leur milieu culturel d’origine, apparaissent porteuses de potentiel esthétique d’une certaine acuité. Tel semble être le cas de l’hétérophonie. En cela, la démarche de Moultaka paraît homologue de celle de José Evangelista qui, par un regard distancié également, emprunte le procédé hétérophonique et le principe de la ligne monodique qu’il suppose, à partir de certaines traditions asiatiques. C’est certainement en sa qualité de texture « flottante », ayant valeur de mimésis plutôt que d’une rationalité stricte, que ce procédé éminemment oral se trouve ainsi intégré dans la musique des deux compositeurs. Aussi, chez Moultaka, l’hétérophonie ne vaut-elle plus tant en soi qu’elle n’advient à travers différentes configurations. En étant transposée, mise en relation avec d’autres procédés d’écriture, la technique traditionnelle orale laisse dès lors émerger une diversité de valeurs esthétiques intrinsèques.
Concours international de composition du Festival Présences à Shanghai (2008-2010) : le moment où le Québec a rayonné en Chine par sa création musicale
Authors: Pilon Pinette Jessica , Trottier Danick 
Published: January 2018

C’est à la suite d’une immersion en Chine en 2008 ainsi qu’après avoir franchi les nombreuses étapes préliminaires de la grande finale internationale, que Denis Gougeon est déclaré en mai 2010 grand gagnant du Concours international de composition du Festival Présences à Shanghai. Présélectionnés par la smcq, huit compositrices et compositeurs québécois ont été invités à se familiariser avec la culture et la tradition musicale shanghaiennes en vue de participer à ce concours. La finale québécoise a ainsi pris place en 2009, moment où tous devaient présenter une composition intégrant un instrument et une mélodie issus de la tradition chinoise. Les oeuvres créées à cette occasion par Simon Bertrand, José Evangelista, Denis Gougeon, Analía Llugdar, Pierre Michaud, Farangis Nurulla-Khoja, Sean Pepperall et Serge Provost, ont offert une vitrine de choix pour la diffusion de la création musicale du Québec à l’international. L’enquête donne un aperçu des différentes étapes ayant marqué ce concours par l’intermédiaire des souvenirs et des propos de Simon Bertrand, Walter Boudreau, José Evangelista, Denis Gougeon, Analía Llugdar et Pierre Michaud, passant autant par l’organisation de la participation québécoise que par la manière dont chacun a vécu cette expérience et a conçu son oeuvre.
L’immunité judiciaire au Québec : son fondement et sa mise à l’épreuve
Authors: Lacroix Mariève 
Published: January 2018

Le concept d’indépendance judiciaire peut être considéré comme le fondement systémique de l’immunité des juges. Dans une première partie, l’auteure traite des assises formelles, des finalités et des vecteurs d’application de l’indépendance judiciaire. Celle-ci implique, en principe, une certaine irresponsabilité du juge. Le Québec, fidèle à la tradition anglo-saxonne, favorise une immunité absolue du magistrat et ce concept a connu, au fil d’une jurisprudence constante, une réflexion contemporaine sur les nuances à apporter à la justesse de cette règle de droit. L’auteure en discute dans une seconde partie.
Alice au pays des merveilles dans le monde juridique
Authors: Caron Vincent 
Published: January 2018

L’article démontre comment les deux romans de Lewis Carroll, Les aventures d’Alice au pays des merveilles (Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland) et De l’autre côté du miroir (Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There), sillonnent la jurisprudence canadienne, et il s’interroge sur les raisons de ce phénomène également observable dans la jurisprudence australienne, britannique, américaine et sud-africaine.
Evaluation of a Novel Preference Assessment Tool for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Col Nananda F. , Solomon Andrew J. , Springmann Vicky , Ionete Carolina , Alvarez Enrique , Tierman Brenda , Kutz Christen , Morales Idanis Berrios , Griffin Carolyn , Ngo Long H. , Jones David E. , Phillips Glenn , Hopson Ashli , Pbert Lori 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground:We developed a preference assessment tool to help assess patient goals, values, and preferences for multiple sclerosis (MS) management. All preference items in the tool were generated by people with MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate this tool in a national sample of people with MS.Methods:English-speaking patients with MS aged 21 to 75 years with access to the internet were recruited. Participants completed the preference tool online, which included separate modules assessing three core preference areas: treatment goals, preferences for attributes of disease-modifying therapies, and factors influencing a change in treatment. The tool generated a summary of participants' treatment goals and preferences. Immediately after viewing the summary, participants were asked to evaluate the tool. Rankings of preference domains were compared with rankings obtained in another study.Results:In 135 people with MS who completed the tool and evaluation, the highest ranked goal was brain health (memory, thinking, brain), followed by disability concerns (walking, strength, vision). Rankings were highly similar to those in the referent study. Nearly all participants reported that the tool helped them understand their goals and priorities regarding MS and that the summary appropriately reflected what is important to them. Most participants (87%) wanted to discuss their treatment goals and priorities with their clinician.Conclusions:This preference assessment tool successfully captured patients' goals, values, and preferences for MS treatment and could potentially be used to help patients communicate their preferences to their clinician.
Photochemical Mineralization of Terrigenous DOC to Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Ocean
Authors: Aarnos Hanna , Gélinas Yves , Kasurinen Ville , Gu Yufei , Puupponen Veli‐Mikko , Vähätalo Anssi V. 
Published: January 2018

When terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) rich in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (tCDOM) enters the ocean, solar radiation mineralizes it partially into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This study addresses the amount and the rates of DIC photoproduction from tDOC and the area of ocean required to photomineralize tDOC. We collected water samples from 10 major rivers, mixed them with artificial seawater, and irradiated them with simulated solar radiation to measure DIC photoproduction and the photobleaching of tCDOM. The linear relationship between DIC photoproduction and tCDOM photobleaching was used to estimate the amount of photoproduced DIC from the tCDOM fluxes of the study rivers. Solar radiation was estimated to mineralize 12.5 ± 3.7 Tg C yr−1 (10 rivers)−1 or 18 ± 8% of tDOC flux. The irradiation experiments also approximated typical apparent spectral quantum yields for DIC photoproduction (ϕλ) over the entire lifetime of the tCDOM. Based on ϕλs and the local solar irradiances in river plumes, the annual areal DIC photoproduction rates from tDOC were calculated to range from 52 ± 4 (Lena River) to 157 ± 2 mmol C m−2 yr−1 (Mississippi River). When the amount of photoproduced DIC was divided by the areal rate, 9.6 ± 2.5 × 106 km2 of ocean was required for the photomineralization of tDOC from the study rivers. Extrapolation to the global tDOC flux yields 45 (31–58) Tg of photoproduced DIC per year in the river plumes that cover 34 (25–43) × 106 km2 of the ocean.
Comparison of Freeboard Retrieval and Ice Thickness Calculation From ALS, ASIRAS, and CryoSat‐2 in the Norwegian Arctic to Field Measurements Made During the N‐ICE2015 Expedition
Authors: King Jennifer , Skourup Henriette , Hvidegaard Sine M. , Rösel Anja , Gerland Sebastian , Spreen Gunnar , Polashenski Chris , Helm Veit , Liston Glen E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present freeboard measurements from airborne laser scanner (ALS), the Airborne Synthetic Aperture and Interferometric Radar Altimeter System (ASIRAS), and CryoSat‐2 SIRAL radar altimeter; ice thickness measurements from both helicopter‐borne and ground‐based electromagnetic‐sounding; and point measurements of ice properties. This case study was carried out in April 2015 during the N‐ICE2015 expedition in the area of the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. The region is represented by deep snow up to 1.12 m and a widespread presence of negative freeboards. The main scattering surfaces from both CryoSat‐2 and ASIRAS are shown to be closer to the snow freeboard obtained by ALS than to the ice freeboard measured in situ. This case study documents the complexity of freeboard retrievals from radar altimetry. We show that even under cold (below −15°C) conditions the radar freeboard can be close to the snow freeboard on a regional scale of tens of kilometers. We derived a modal sea‐ice thickness for the study region from CryoSat‐2 of 3.9 m compared to measured total thickness 1.7 m, resulting in an overestimation of sea‐ice thickness on the order of a factor 2. Our results also highlight the importance of year‐to‐year regional scale information about the depth and density of the snowpack, as this influences the sea‐ice freeboard, the radar penetration, and is a key component of the hydrostatic balance equations used to convert radar freeboard to sea‐ice thickness.
Currents and Mixing in the San Lorenzo Overflow, Northern Gulf of California
Authors: Rosas‐Villegas Froylán , López Manuel , Candela Julio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe main properties of the San Lorenzo (SL) overflow are studied, using data from two nonsimultaneous ADCP moorings (located at the sill, and 5 km downstream), as well as CTD and LADCP profiles. Strong tidal currents at the sill modulate the overflow, which is not shut down during the neaps. At the downstream site, the largest flood currents are associated with colder water advected from the sill, flowing downslope, and creating an asymmetry in the semidiurnal tidal cycle. The overflow introduces a significant fortnightly harmonic at the downstream site, and delays the M2 tidal currents for more than an hour with respect to the currents at the sill. The overflow mixes with the overlying water by entrainment during its supercritical stage, reaching near‐bottom velocities as high as 1.5 ms−1 and an estimated mean transport of 0.11 Sv; almost twice that estimated at the sill for the same period of the year. Estimated Froude numbers during spring tides suggest the development of an internal hydraulic jump. After relaxation of the maximum downstream currents, high‐frequency temperature fluctuations, likely linked to upstream traveling waves, are consistently observed. Direct estimations of the turbulent dissipation rates were used to compute diapycnal diffusivity (Kρ) profiles. Mean estimates of Kρ, as high as 5.5 × 10−2 m2s−1, show that shear at the interface is the most significant source of cross‐isopycnal mixing along the SL overflow during ebb tides.
Atmospheric Ice‐Nucleating Particles in the Dusty Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Price H. C. , Baustian K. J. , McQuaid J. B. , Blyth A. , Bower K. N. , Choularton T. , Cotton R. J. , Cui Z. , Field P. R. , Gallagher M. , Hawker R. , Merrington A. , Miltenberger A. , Neely III R. R. , Parker S. T. , Rosenberg P. D. , Taylor J. W. , Trembath J. , Vergara‐Temprado J. , Whale T. F. , Wilson T. W. , Young G. , Murray B. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDesert dust is one of the most important atmospheric ice‐nucleating aerosol species around the globe. However, there have been very few measurements of ice‐nucleating particle (INP) concentrations in dusty air close to desert sources. In this study we report the concentration of INPs in dust laden air over the tropical Atlantic within a few days' transport of one of the world's most important atmospheric sources of desert dust, the Sahara. These measurements were performed as part of the Ice in Clouds Experiment‐Dust campaign based in Cape Verde, during August 2015. INP concentrations active in the immersion mode, determined using a droplet‐on‐filter technique, ranged from around 102 m−3 at −12°C to around 105 m−3 at −23°C. There is about 2 orders of magnitude variability in INP concentration for a particular temperature, which is determined largely by the variability in atmospheric dust loading. These measurements were made at altitudes from 30 to 3,500 m in air containing a range of dust loadings. The ice active site density (ns) for desert dust dominated aerosol derived from our measurements agrees with several laboratory‐based parameterizations for ice nucleation by desert dust within 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The small variability in ns values determined from our measurements (within about 1 order of magnitude) is striking given that the back trajectory analysis suggests that the sources of dust were geographically diverse. This is consistent with previous work, which indicates that desert dust's ice‐nucleating activity is only weakly dependent on source.
Discrete Regularization for Calibration of Geologic Facies Against Dynamic Flow Data
Authors: Khaninezhad Mohammad‐Reza , Golmohammadi Azarang , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSubsurface flow model calibration involves many more unknowns than measurements, leading to ill‐posed problems with nonunique solutions. To alleviate nonuniqueness, the problem is regularized by constraining the solution space using prior knowledge. In certain sedimentary environments, such as fluvial systems, the contrast in hydraulic properties of different facies types tends to dominate the flow and transport behavior, making the effect of within facies heterogeneity less significant. Hence, flow model calibration in those formations reduces to delineating the spatial structure and connectivity of different lithofacies types and their boundaries. A major difficulty in calibrating such models is honoring the discrete, or piecewise constant, nature of facies distribution. The problem becomes more challenging when complex spatial connectivity patterns with higher‐order statistics are involved. This paper introduces a novel formulation for calibration of complex geologic facies by imposing appropriate constraints to recover plausible solutions that honor the spatial connectivity and discreteness of facies models. To incorporate prior connectivity patterns, plausible geologic features are learned from available training models. This is achieved by learning spatial patterns from training data, e.g.,
‐SVD sparse learning or the traditional Principal Component Analysis. Discrete regularization is introduced as a penalty functions to impose solution discreteness while minimizing the mismatch between observed and predicted data. An efficient gradient‐based alternating directions algorithm is combined with variable splitting to minimize the resulting regularized nonlinear least squares objective function. Numerical results show that imposing learned facies connectivity and discreteness as regularization functions leads to geologically consistent solutions that improve facies calibration quality.