bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation behavior and texture randomization of Mg–Zn–Gd alloys reinforced with icosahedral quasicrystal
Authors: Huang Hua , Miao Hongwei , Yuan Guangyin , Chen Chunlin , Zhang Hua , Pei Jia , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report hot deformation behavior of icosahedral quasi-crystalline phase reinforced Mg-1.50Zn-0.25Gd (at.%) alloys fabricated by a traditional gravity casting approach. The exponential law constitutive equation is applied to describe their flow stress behavior and the average activation energy is determined to be 187.70 kJ mol−1. We also find that I-phase forms and grows in the alloys when the deformation strain is increasingly applied and that twinning contributes to high basal texture at early stage of deformation. Basal texture is weakened when the applied strain is strong owing to the dynamic recrystallization and also to the particle stimulation nucleation (PSN) effects of I-phase at late stage of deformation. High temperature is found to contribute to recrystallization but restrain I-phase precipitation and also weaken PSN effects of I-phase. Moreover, we find that a large strain rate not only promotes non-basal dislocation glide/twinning but also contributes to basal texture randomization, while a moderate strain rate is harmful for deformation due to the generation of strong basal texture. Furthermore, I-phase is found to be more effective for basal texture randomization than other strengthening secondary phases in Mg alloys, which is due to the presence of many orientation relationships and also because the interface between I-phase and Mg matrix is coherent or semi-coherent.
Morphological Properties of the Crab Nebula: A Detailed Multiwavelength Study Based on New VLA, HST, Chandra, and XMM-Newton Images
Authors: Dubner G. , Castelletti G. , Kargaltsev O. , Pavlov G. G. , Bietenholz M. , Talavera A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the morphological properties of the Crab Nebula across the electromagnetic spectrum based on new and previous high-quality data from radio to X-rays. In the radio range we obtained an image of the entire nebula at 3 GHz with subarcsecond angular resolution using the VLA (NRAO) and an image at 100 GHz of the central region using the ALMA array. Simultaneously with the VLA observations we performed HST WFPC3 near-infrared (

μm) and Chandra X-ray (0.5–8 keV band) observations of the central region of the nebula. In addition we produced a new UV image of the Crab Nebula at 291 nm by co-adding 75 individual exposures of the Optical-UV Monitor on board XMM-Newton. The high-angular resolution and high-dynamic range radio image at 3 GHz allowed us to improve the detection and characterization of peculiar morphological features including arches with foot brightening and intercrossed loop-like structures, likely originating in plasma confined to magnetic field lines. Based on the new radio image, we carried out a detailed multiwavelength correlation. In the central area, the comparison of the almost simultaneous images confirms that the wisps in the three spectral ranges do not generally coincide in location, the radio emission being the most discordant, which is suggestive of the existence of two different synchrotron components. The X-ray pulsar jet does not have a radio counterpart. Instead, another jet-like feature is seen in radio, though with different curvature and starting point.
L’anthropologue entre les tyrannies des terrains et le choix d’une éthique
Authors: Moussa Hadiza 
Published: May 2017

Les situations de l’enquête de terrain sont le lieu d’interactions, de négociations et de conflits souvent liés à l’« implication forte » inhérente à la démarche de l’anthropologue. Cette implication est déclinée par Olivier de Sardan (2000) sous forme d'idéal-types représentatifs qui peuvent aller selon divers auteurs de « l'engagement ambigu » au « dédoublement statutaire » en passant par « la conversion ». Ces pratiques de terrain ne sont pas toujours exprimées dans les textes. Aussi, restituer des pratiques souvent tues, voire étouffées, à travers des enquêtes empiriques, reflète la « sensibilité » de certains terrains qui révèlent de multiples charges affectives. La dimension « pleinement sensible du terrain » amène alors à considérer le risque comme une donnée centrale de la pratique ethnographique. L’article aborde concrètement ici cette question du traitement du risque à partir d’études sur l’excision, sur les femmes et sur les pratiques illicites des personnels soignants. Le risque n’est pas, comme on le pense couramment, l’exclusivité des terrains où s’exerce une violence brute, directement visible. Les trois contextes que je décris ici dévoilent avant tout « des enjeux moraux exacerbés » qui peuvent, faute de doigté et de vigilance du chercheur, déboucher sur de graves déconvenues pouvant conduire à la violence physique.
Un barrage contre le Pacifique
Authors: Le Meur Pierre-Yves 
Published: May 2017

Le texte analyse un projet de réhabilitation d’aménagements hydrauliques concernant une zone de 11 000 hectares de polders situés au sud du Cambodge. Le projet comprend aussi un important volet de transfert de gestion des polders à une « communauté d’usagers des polders », un travail de régularisation des droits fonciers, ainsi qu’un appui à la production agricole et au crédit rural, dans une logique de développement intégré. Le transfert de gestion et le volet foncier vont donner au projet son identité et son caractère « expérimental » puis « pilote », alors même qu’ils n’étaient pas clairement affichés au démarrage de l’action. L’analyse montre comment certains mots – communauté, projet pilote, transfert de gestion, participation – et leurs supports – écrits, discours, actions – contribuent à forger une mémoire institutionnelle et une gouvernementalité spécifiques via une intervention dont les raisons se construisent dans le cours de l’action et non pas en amont de celle-ci. L’approche combinant sociologie de la traduction et anthropologie du développement permet d’explorer les relations mutuellement constitutives entre intervention de développement et politique publique pour se poser in fine la question du « monde commun » qui est ainsi produit.
Ambiguities and Potentialities of Social Sciences in the Peruvian Mining Context
Authors: Piccoli Emmanuelle , Yepez del Castillo Isabel 
Published: May 2017

L’article montre les tensions, ambiguïtés et potentialités d’un travail en sciences sociales dans une situation de conflit autour d’industries extractives au Pérou. La première partie du texte donne des informations relatives aux politiques extractives au Pérou, aux tensions sociales grandissantes et à l’augmentation de la criminalisation de la protestation sociale; nous présentons à ce titre le cas du conflit minier Conga. La deuxième partie analyse la place des sciences sociales dans le contexte extractif péruvien. Nous soulignons que le rôle des chercheurs en sciences sociales en tant que spécialistes des conflits sociaux est en augmentation ces dernières années ; nous montrons pourquoi la neutralité n’est pas plausible dans les conflits impliquant des méga-entreprises minières et de quelle manière la production du savoir peut être extrêmement ambiguë. Finalement, la troisième partie du texte présente certaines potentialités des recherches engagées. Nous discutons l’idée d’un positionnement « amphibie » entre l’Académie et les mouvements sociaux (Svampa, 2008). Nous montrons également l’importance de confronter les « politiques de résignation » (Benson et Kirsch, 2010). Nous soulignons finalement l’importance d’attirer l’attention vers l’émergence et les alternatives. Cette discussion s’appuie sur le cadre théorique de la « sociologie des émergences » (De Sousa Santos, 2011).
La contribution du Brésil à la COP21 : l’agrobusiness du futur
Authors: Aubertin Catherine , Kalil Livia 
Published: May 2017

En étudiant la contribution nationale (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions – INDC) du Brésil à la convention des Nations unies sur le changement climatique pour la COP21, cet article montre comment le pays affirme à la fois sa souveraineté et sa double posture de bon élève et de leader sur la scène internationale. La baisse de la déforestation de l’Amazonie lui a en effet permis de réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre, tout en masquant leur augmentation dans tous les autres secteurs. À défaut d’organiser une transition énergétique, la contribution brésilienne fait reposer tous les efforts sur un « agrobusiness du futur », sans rupture par rapport au modèle politique reposant sur l’exportation de matières premières agricoles. Dans ce texte, la contribution brésilienne indique un modèle de politique nationale décliné à l’aune de la nouvelle problématique que représente le réchauffement climatique.
Rapid Detection of Leishmania Amastigotes in Fluid Aspirates and Biopsies of Human Tissues
Authors: Anthony Ronald L. , Grogl Max , Sacci John B. , Ballou Ripley W. 
Published: May 2017

When using a genus-specific monoclonal antibody (83-J3D2) as the primary reagent in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA), intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania were easily identified in 9 of 9 biopsies and in 11 of 12 needle aspirates taken from human lesions. In contrast, only 5 of the biopsies and 4 ofthe aspirates yielded promastigotes upon culture in vitro. Similarly, all but 2 of the aspirates and one-half of the biopsies were reported as negative for parasites when stained with Wright's and hematoxylin-eosin, respectively. Serum antibody titers, ranging from 1:8 to 1:128, corroborated the results of the amastigote detection assays when histopathology and isolation were negative.
These findings support the practicality of using the genus-specific monoclonal IFA in those field situations where it becomes necessary to differentiate leishmaniasis from other skin infections.
Epidemiology of Chagas' Disease in Northern Chile: Isozyme Profiles of Trypanosoma Cruzi from Domestic and Sylvatic Transmission Cycles and their Association with Cardiopathy
Authors: Apt Werner , Aguilera Ximena , Arribada Arturo , Gomez Leyla , Miles Michael A. , Widmer Giovanni 
Published: May 2017

Trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from 98 patients, 59 Triatoma infestans, 51 Triatoma spinolai, and 1 Octodon degus from northern Chile. With few exceptions, stocks originating from domestic hosts were classified, based on their isozyme profile, as principal zymodeme (Z)2, while sylvatic stocks from T. spinolai and the rodent O. degus showed Z1 profiles. These results indicate the existence of separate domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles.
Clinical data and T. cruzi isozyme profiles from 107 chronic Chagas' disease patients showed no association between infecting T. cruzi zymodeme and the prevalence of chagasic cardiopathy. However, the age distributions of two groups of patients carrying different zymodemes were significantly different.
Schistosoma Mansoni: Anti-SMw32 Proteinase Response in Vaccinated and Challenged Baboons
Authors: Zerda Katherine S. , Dresden Marc H. , Damian Raymond T. , Chappell Cynthia L. 
Published: May 2017

Antibodies to a cysteinyl proteinase of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni have been detected in serum from infected mice and humans. We have evaluated antiproteinase responses in infected baboons and in baboons vaccinated with irradiated, cryopreserved schistosomuJes prior to challenge. Prechallenge sera and normal, uninfected control sera were nonreactive by ELISA and immunoblots. Serum antibodies were first detectable by ELISA at two months post-challenge in both challenged (C) and vaccinated-challenged (V-C) baboons (serum dilution 1:200). By four months post-challenge, ELISA absorbance values for subgroup C baboons were significantly higher than for V-C counterparts.
The immunoblot technique provided a more sensitive means of detecting antibody early in the infection. One month post-challenge, 7 of 12 C and V-C sera (diluted 1:100) contained measurable anti-proteinase antibody. By month two, 12 of 12 were immunoblot-positive. Baboons vaccinated but not challenged (subgroup V) remained negative. The presence of the anti-proteinase antibody appears to be a sensitive and early marker for infection by S. mansoni.
In Vivo Gluconeogenesis Under Different Nutritional Regimens During Murine Schistosomiasis
Authors: Thompson S. N. 
Published: May 2017

The effect of schistosome infection on in vivo gluconeogenesis was studied in mice. Mice infected for 6 weeks displayed no nutritional pathology, regardless of nutritional treatment. All mice with patent infections (9 weeks) displayed decreased rates of growth and food consumption as well as significantly reduced gross conversion efficiencies.
The glucogenic capacity, % pyruvate incorporated/g liver, was markedly reduced in infected fasted mice when compared with fasted controls. Total glucogenesis, % pyruvate incorporated/100 g body water, was the same in infected and control groups and the compensatory response in infected individuals was correlated with increased liver mass. The level of hepatic glycogen was significantly greater in infected fasted mice than in their unparasitized counterparts.
Advanced 3D movement analysis algorithms for robust functional capacity assessment
Authors: Hassani Asma , Kubicki Alexandre , Mourey France , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectives: We developed a novel system for in home functional capacities assessment in frail older adults by analyzing the Timed Up and Go movements. This system aims to follow the older people evolution, potentially allowing a forward detection of motor decompensation in order to trigger the implementation of rehabilitation. However, the pre-experimentations conducted on the ground, in different environments, revealed some problems which were related to KinectTM operation. Hence, the aim of this actual study is to develop methods to resolve these problems.Methods: Using the KinectTM sensor, we analyze the Timed Up and Go test movements by measuring nine spatio-temporal parameters, identified from the literature. We propose a video processing chain to improve the robustness of the analysis of the various test phases: automatic detection of the sitting posture, patient detection and three body joints extraction. We introduce a realistic database and a set of descriptors for sitting posture recognition. In addition, a new method for skin detection is implemented to facilitate the patient extraction and head detection. 94 experiments were conducted to assess the robustness of the sitting posture detection and the three joints extraction regarding condition changes.Results: The results showed good performance of the proposed video processing chain: the global error of the sitting posture detection was 0.67%. The success rate of the trunk angle calculation was 96.42%. These results show the reliability of the proposed chain, which increases the robustness of the automatic analysis of the Timed Up and Go.Conclusions: The system shows good measurements reliability and generates a note reflecting the patient functional level that showed a good correlation with 4 clinical tests commonly used. We suggest that it is interesting to use this system to detect impairment of motor planning processes.Citation: Hassani A, Kubicki A, Mourey F, Yang F. Advanced 3D movement analysis algorithms for robust functional capacity assessment. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 454–469 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-11-RA-0199
A simple model for the evolution of melt pond coverage on permeable Arctic sea ice
Authors: Popović Predrag , Abbot Dorian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. As the melt season progresses, sea ice in the Arctic often becomes permeable enough to allow for nearly complete drainage of meltwater that has collected on the ice surface. Melt ponds that remain after drainage are hydraulically connected to the ocean and correspond to regions of sea ice whose surface is below sea level. We present a simple model for the evolution of melt pond coverage on such permeable sea ice floes in which we allow for spatially varying ice melt rates and assume the whole floe is in hydrostatic balance. The model is represented by two simple ordinary differential equations, where the rate of change of pond coverage depends on the pond coverage. All the physical parameters of the system are summarized by four strengths that control the relative importance of the terms in the equations. The model both fits observations and allows us to understand the behavior of melt ponds in a way that is often not possible with more complex models. Examples of insights we can gain from the model are that (1) the pond growth rate is more sensitive to changes in bare sea ice albedo than changes in pond albedo, (2) ponds grow slower on smoother ice, and (3) ponds respond strongest to freeboard sinking on first-year ice and sidewall melting on multiyear ice. We also show that under a global warming scenario, pond coverage would increase, decreasing the overall ice albedo and leading to ice thinning that is likely comparable to thinning due to direct forcing. Since melt pond coverage is one of the key parameters controlling the albedo of sea ice, understanding the mechanisms that control the distribution of pond coverage will help improve large-scale model parameterizations and sea ice forecasts in a warming climate.
Assessment of Malpractice Claims Associated With Acute Compartment Syndrome
Authors: DePasse John Mason , Sargent Rachel , Fantry Amanda J. , Bokshan Steven L. , Palumbo Mark A. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Because acute compartment syndrome is one of the few limb-threatening and life-threatening orthopaedic conditions and is difficult to diagnose, it is a frequent source of litigation. Understanding the factors that lead to plaintiff verdicts and higher indemnity payments may improve patient care by identifying common pitfalls.

Methods:
The VerdictSearch legal claims database was queried for the term “compartment syndrome.” After 46 cases were excluded for missing information or irrelevancy, 139 cases were reviewed. The effects of plaintiff demographics, mechanism of injury, and complications were assessed.

Results:
Of 139 cases, 37 (27%) were settled, 69 (50%) resulted in a defendant ruling, and 33 (24%) resulted in a plaintiff ruling. Juries were more likely to rule in favor of juvenile plaintiffs than adult patients (P = 0.002) and female plaintiffs than male plaintiffs (P = 0.008), but indemnity payments were not affected by the age or sex of the plaintiff. Plaintiffs who experienced acute compartment syndrome as a complication of surgery were more likely to win their suit and receive higher awards (P < 0.05), compared with those in whom the condition developed as a result of trauma. Amputation or delay in diagnosis or treatment did not affect plaintiff verdicts or awards.

Conclusion:
Defendants were more likely to lose a lawsuit concerning the management of acute compartment syndrome if the patient was a woman or child or if acute compartment syndrome developed as a complication of a surgical procedure.
Le complot médiatique : réseaux sociaux et manipulations collectives chez Jean-Jacques
Pelletier
Authors: David Sylvain , Marcotte Sophie 
Published: May 2017

Cet article a pour objet l’« imaginaire médiatique » observable dans les trois
derniers romans de Jean-Jacques Pelletier : Les Visages de l’humanité (2012),
Dix petits hommes blancs (2014) et Machine God (2015). On y postule que la
mise en scène d’un complot terroriste instrumentalisant les réseaux socionumériques
(Facebook, Twitter) aux fins d’une manipulation savamment calculée de l’opinion publique
constitue à la fois une actualisation de la démarche antérieure de l’auteur (les médias
comme reflet interne de l’intrigue) et un procédé narratif permettant d’illustrer, voire de
dénoncer, certains effets pervers propres à la circulation de l’information dans le Web
2.0.
Accurate estimation of seismic source parameters of induced seismicity by a combined approach of generalized inversion and genetic algorithm: Application to The Geysers geothermal area, California
Authors: Picozzi M. , Oth A. , Parolai S. , Bindi D. , De Landro G. , Amoroso O. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe accurate determination of stress drop, seismic efficiency, and how source parameters scale with earthquake size is an important issue for seismic hazard assessment of induced seismicity. We propose an improved nonparametric, data‐driven strategy suitable for monitoring induced seismicity, which combines the generalized inversion technique together with genetic algorithms. In the first step of the analysis the generalized inversion technique allows for an effective correction of waveforms for attenuation and site contributions. Then, the retrieved source spectra are inverted by a nonlinear sensitivity‐driven inversion scheme that allows accurate estimation of source parameters. We therefore investigate the earthquake source characteristics of 633 induced earthquakes (Mw 2–3.8) recorded at The Geysers geothermal field (California) by a dense seismic network (i.e., 32 stations, more than 17.000 velocity records). We find a nonself‐similar behavior, empirical source spectra that require an ωγ source model with γ > 2 to be well fit and small radiation efficiency ηSW. All these findings suggest different dynamic rupture processes for smaller and larger earthquakes and that the proportion of high‐frequency energy radiation and the amount of energy required to overcome the friction or for the creation of new fractures surface changes with earthquake size. Furthermore, we observe also two distinct families of events with peculiar source parameters that in one case suggests the reactivation of deep structures linked to the regional tectonics, while in the other supports the idea of an important role of steeply dipping faults in the fluid pressure diffusion.
Search for active lava flows with VIRTIS on Venus Express
Authors: Mueller N. T. , Smrekar S. , Helbert J. , Stofan E. , Piccioni G. , Drossart P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) instrument on Venus Express observed thermal emission from the surface of Venus at 1 μm wavelength and thus would have detected sufficiently bright incandescent lava flows. No eruptions were detected in the observations between April 2006 and October 2008, covering an area equivalent to 7 times the planets surface on separate days. Models of the cooling of lava flows on Earth are adapted to Venus ambient conditions to predict thermal emission based on effusion rate. Taking into account the blurring of surface thermal emission by the atmosphere, the VIRTIS images would detect eruptions with effusion rates above 500 to 1000 m3/s. On Earth such eruptions occur but are rare. Based on an eruption rate and duration distribution fitted to historical data of three terrestrial volcanos, we estimate that only a few percent of all eruptions are detectable. With these assumptions the VIRTIS data can constrain the rate of effusive volcanism on Venus to be less than about 300 km3/yr, at least an order of magnitude higher than existing constraints. There remains a large uncertainty because of unknown properties of lava flows on Venus. Resolving flows in radar imaging and their thickness in altimetry might help to better constrain these properties. While VIRTIS data do not represent a significant constraint on volcanism, an optimized instrument with a 20 times better signal‐to‐noise ratio would likely be able to detect effusion rates on the order of 50 m3/s.