bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CK2 modulates adipocyte insulin-signaling and is up-regulated in human obesity
Authors: Borgo Christian , Milan Gabriella , Favaretto Francesca , Stasi Fabio , Fabris Roberto , Salizzato Valentina , Cesaro Luca , Belligoli Anna , Sanna Marta , Foletto Mirto , Prevedello Luca , Vindigni Vincenzo , Bardini Romeo , Donella-Deana Arianna , Vettor Roberto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInsulin plays a major role in glucose metabolism and insulin-signaling defects are present in obesity and diabetes. CK2 is a pleiotropic protein kinase implicated in fundamental cellular pathways and abnormally elevated in tumors. Here we report that in human and murine adipocytes CK2-inhibition decreases the insulin-induced glucose-uptake by counteracting Akt-signaling and GLUT4-translocation to the plasma membrane. In mice CK2 acts on insulin-signaling in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle and its acute inhibition impairs glucose tolerance. Notably, CK2 protein-level and activity are greatly up-regulated in white adipose tissue from ob/ob and db/db mice as well as from obese patients, regardless the severity of their insulin-resistance and the presence of pre-diabetes or overt type 2 diabetes. Weight loss obtained by both bariatric surgery or hypocaloric diet reverts CK2 hyper-activation to normal level. Our data suggest a central role of CK2 in insulin-sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue remodeling. CK2 up-regulation is identified as a hallmark of adipose tissue pathological expansion, suggesting a new potential therapeutic target for human obesity.
Dual repression of endocytic players by ESCC microRNAs and the Polycomb complex regulates mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency
Authors: Mote Ridim Dadasaheb , Mahajan Gaurang , Padmanabhan Anup , Ambati Ramaraju , Subramanyam Deepa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCell fate determination in the early mammalian embryo is regulated by multiple mechanisms. Recently, genes involved in vesicular trafficking have been shown to play an important role in cell fate choice, although the regulation of their expression remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate for the first time that multiple endocytosis associated genes (EAGs) are repressed through a novel, dual mechanism in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). This involves the action of the Polycomb Repressive Complex, PRC2, as well as post-transcriptional regulation by the ESC-specific cell cycle-regulating (ESCC) family of microRNAs. This repression is relieved upon differentiation. Forced expression of EAGs in mESCs results in a decrease in pluripotency, highlighting the importance of dual repression in cell fate regulation. We propose that endocytosis is critical for cell fate choice, and dual repression may function to tightly regulate levels of endocytic genes.
Heavy rainfall triggers increased nocturnal flight in desert populations of the Pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa)
Authors: McEvoy J. F. , Ribot R. F. H. , Wingfield J. C. , Bennett A. T. D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding of avian nocturnal flight comes mainly from northern hemisphere species in seasonal temperate ecosystems where nocturnal flight is often precisely timed and entrained by annual photoperiod. Here we investigate patterns of nocturnal flight in waterbirds of Australian desert ecosystems that fly considerable distances to find temporary water bodies formed from rainfall which is highly unpredictable seasonally and spatially, and when there is sufficient water, they then breed. How they perform these feats of navigation and physiology remain poorly known. Using GPS tracking of 38 satellite tagged Pacific black ducks (Anas superciliosa) in two contrasting ecosystems, before and after heavy rainfall we revealed a key role for facultative nocturnal flight in the movement ecology of this species. After large rainfall events, birds rapidly increased nocturnal flight activity in the arid aseasonal ecosystem, but not in the mesic seasonal one. Nocturnal flights occurred throughout the night in both ecosystems. Long range flights (>50 km in 2 hours) occurred almost exclusively at night; at night the distance flown was higher than during the day, birds visited more locations, and the locations were more widely dispersed. Our work reveals that heavy rainfall triggers increased nocturnal flight activity in desert populations of waterbirds.
A functional variant in the OAS1 gene is associated with Sjögren’s syndrome complicated with HBV infection
Authors: Liu Xianjun , Xing Hongcun , Gao Wenjing , Yu Di , Zhao Yuming , Shi Xiaoju , Zhang Kun , Li Pingya , Yu Jiaao , Xu Wei , Shan Hongli , Zhang Kaiyu , Bao Wanguo , Fu Xueqi , Yang Sirui , Wang Shaofeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) has been suspected to contribute to several autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), although the exact mechanism is unknown. The 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS1) is one of the most important components of the immune system and has significant antiviral functions. We studied a polymorphism rs10774671 of OAS1 gene in Han Chinese descent. The minor allele G was significantly associated with a decreased risk for SS, anti-SSA-positive SS, and anti-SSA-positive SS complicated with HBV infection, which have not been seen in anti-SSA-negative SS and HBcAb-negative SS patients. Gene expression analysis showed that the risk-conferring A allele was correlated with lower expression of p46 and increased expression of p42, p48, and p44. A functional study of enzymatic activities revealed that the p42, p44, and p48 isoforms display a reduced capacity to inhibit HBV replication in HepG2 cells compared to the normal p46 isoform. Our data demonstrated that the functional variant, rs10774671, is associated with HBV infection and anti-SSA antibody-positive SS. The SAS variant switches the primary p46 isoform to three alternatives with decreased capacities to inhibit HBV replication. These data indicated that individuals harboring the risk allele might be susceptible to hepatitis B infection and SS development.
Diversity of vaginal microbiota increases by the time of labor onset
Authors: Avershina Ekaterina , Slangsvold Silje , Simpson Melanie Rae , Storrø Ola , Johnsen Roar , Øien Torbjørn , Rudi Knut 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVaginal microbiota is an important early source of bacterial colonization for newborns. However, only a few small studies have investigated the composition of vaginal microbiota during labor. In this work, we analyzed vaginal swabs collected at 36 weeks gestation and at the onset of labor from 256 women participating in a randomized placebo-controlled study of probiotic supplementation for the prevention of atopic dermatitis in offspring. Although individuals’ vaginal microbiota was stable over time, several bacterial families, which are characteristic of mixed community state type (CST) IV, were overrepresented in vaginal swabs sampled at labor. Alpha-diversity also tended to increase by between 36 weeks gestation and the onset of birth. In the majority of women, CST remained the same throughout the study. Among the women who switched their vaginal microbiota from one CST to another, approximately half shifted towards CST IV. Although CST IV is often associated with bacterial vaginosis, which in turn may lead to preterm birth, in our cohort this shift was not associated with self-reported vaginosis, preterm delivery or birthweight. Probiotic consumption did not alter vaginal microbiota.
Functional redundancy and sensitivity of fish assemblages in European rivers, lakes and estuarine ecosystems
Authors: Teichert Nils , Lepage Mario , Sagouis Alban , Borja Angel , Chust Guillem , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Pasquaud Stéphanie , Schinegger Rafaela , Segurado Pedro , Argillier Christine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe impact of species loss on ecosystems functioning depends on the amount of trait similarity between species, i.e. functional redundancy, but it is also influenced by the order in which species are lost. Here we investigated redundancy and sensitivity patterns across fish assemblages in lakes, rivers and estuaries. Several scenarios of species extinction were simulated to determine whether the loss of vulnerable species (with high propensity of extinction when facing threats) causes a greater functional alteration than random extinction. Our results indicate that the functional redundancy tended to increase with species richness in lakes and rivers, but not in estuaries. We demonstrated that i) in the three systems, some combinations of functional traits are supported by non-redundant species, ii) rare species in rivers and estuaries support singular functions not shared by dominant species, iii) the loss of vulnerable species can induce greater functional alteration in rivers than in lakes and estuaries. Overall, the functional structure of fish assemblages in rivers is weakly buffered against species extinction because vulnerable species support singular functions. More specifically, a hotspot of functional sensitivity was highlighted in the Iberian Peninsula, which emphasizes the usefulness of quantitative criteria to determine conservation priorities.
Quantitative assessment of cell fate decision between autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Liu Bing , Oltvai Zoltán N. , Bayır Hülya , Silverman Gary A. , Pak Stephen C. , Perlmutter David H. , Bahar Ivet 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAutophagy and apoptosis are cellular processes that regulate cell survival and death, the former by eliminating dysfunctional components in the cell, the latter by programmed cell death. Stress signals can induce either process, and it is unclear how cells ‘assess’ cellular damage and make a ‘life’ or ‘death’ decision upon activating autophagy or apoptosis. A computational model of coupled apoptosis and autophagy is built here to analyze the underlying signaling and regulatory network dynamics. The model explains the experimentally observed differential deployment of autophagy and apoptosis in response to various stress signals. Autophagic response dominates at low-to-moderate stress; whereas the response shifts from autophagy (graded activation) to apoptosis (switch-like activation) with increasing stress intensity. The model reveals that cytoplasmic Ca2+ acts as a rheostat that fine-tunes autophagic and apoptotic responses. A G-protein signaling-mediated feedback loop maintains cytoplasmic Ca2+ level, which in turn governs autophagic response through an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated feedforward loop. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) emerges as a determinant of the competing roles of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in autophagy regulation. The study demonstrates that the proposed model can be advantageously used for interrogating cell regulation events and developing pharmacological strategies for modulating cell decisions.
Motivation to Address Self-Reported Hearing Problems in Adults With Normal Hearing Thresholds
Authors: Alicea Carly C. M. , Doherty Karen A. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the motivation to change in relation to hearing problems in adults with normal hearing thresholds but who report hearing problems and that of adults with a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Factors related to their motivation were also assessed.

Method
The motivation to change in relation to self-reported hearing problems was measured using the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (McConnaughy, Prochaska, & Velicer, 1983). The relationship between objective and subjective measures and an adult's motivation was examined.

Results
The level of hearing handicap did not differ significantly between adults with normal hearing who reported problems hearing in background noise and adults who had a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing handicap, personal distress, and minimization of hearing loss were factors significantly related to motivation. Age, degree of hearing loss, speech-in-noise scores, working memory, and extended high-frequency average thresholds were not significantly related to their motivation.

Conclusions
Adults with normal hearing thresholds but self-reported hearing problems had the same level of hearing handicap and were equally motivated to take action for their hearing problems as age-matched adults with a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing handicap, personal distress, and minimization of hearing loss were most strongly correlated with an individual's motivation to change.
Ferrofluidic actuation of liquid metal for radio‐frequency applications
Authors: Combs A.W. , Shiroma W.A. , Ohta A.T. 
Published: December 2017

A new method is presented for actuating liquid metals, based on the physical deformation of ferrofluid in response to an applied magnetic field. Using this ferrofluidic actuation, a liquid‐metal slug was moved through a channel at an average velocity of 15.6 mm/s. The hydrocarbon‐based ferrofluid exhibits negligible loss from 50 MHz to 20 GHz, and can thus serve as an alternative carrier fluid to hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide for liquid‐metal‐based reconfigurable radio‐frequency circuits.
Was machen die ersten in der Schweiz wissenschaftlich ausgebildeten Physiotherapeuten heute?
Authors: Hegewald A. , Huber O. , Niedermann K. ,   Im Namen der Stiftung Physiotherapie Wissenschaften
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Studiengang Physiotherapie Wissenschaften (PTW) wurde zwischen 2002 und 2008 dreimal durchgeführt und schloss mit einem Master in Physiotherapy Science (MPTSc) ab. Er qualifizierte 53 Physiotherapeuten zu Forschungstätigkeit oder zum Transfer von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen in die klinische Praxis.
Ziel: Untersuchung der beruflichen Entwicklung, heutigen Funktionen und Tätigkeiten der PTW-Absolventen.
Methode: Online-Querschnitt-Befragung.
Ergebnisse: Von den 34 antwortenden Absolventen (Rücklaufquote: 64 %) sind alle berufstätig, 24 (71 %) innerhalb der Physiotherapie. Die meisten hatten eine Funktion als Führungsperson, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter, Physiotherapeuten oder Dozenten und hatten kombinierte Tätigkeiten in Klinik, Forschung und/oder Lehre. Bei 26 Personen (76 %) war für ihr Aufgabengebiet ein Master-Abschluss erforderlich. Die beste Passung zwischen im Studium erworbenen versus in der Berufstätigkeit geforderten Kenntnissen und Fähigkeiten betraf: (1) Forschungsergebnisse in die Praxis umzusetzen, (2) sich aktiv in Forschungsprojekte einzubringen, (3) Forschungsfragen aus der klinischen Praxis und anhand der wissenschaftliche Fachliteratur zu entwickeln, (4) ein aktives Wissensmanagement zu betreiben und Neuerungen im Team zu etablieren sowie (5) in einem interprofessionellen Projektteam mitzuarbeiten (40 – 79 % Zustimmung). Seit dem Master-Abschluss publizierten 23 Absolventen (68 %), und 9 Personen (26 %) schlossen ein Doktorat (PhD) ab oder waren dabei.
Schlussfolgerung: Der PTW-Abschluss bildet eine wichtige Grundlage für individuelle Berufskarrieren. Er verschafft Zugang zu Tätigkeiten in Forschung, Lehre und/oder Leitungspositionen und ermöglichte insbesondere eine wissenschaftliche Karriere einschließlich des möglichen Erwerbs eines Doktorats (PhD).
1.5.2 Lewis Acid/Base Induced Reactions
Authors: Wang S.-H. , Tu Y.-Q. , Tang M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe efficient construction of complex molecular skeletons is always a hot topic in organic synthesis, especially in the field of natural product synthesis, where many cyclic structural motifs can be found. Under the assiduous efforts of synthetic chemists, more and more methodologies are being developed to achieve the construction of cyclic skeletons. In particular, the beauty and high efficiency of organic synthesis are expressed vividly among those transformations realized through a domino strategy. Based on these important methodologies, selected Lewis acid/base induced domino reactions leading to ring expansions, contractions, and closures are presented in this chapter.
1.6.1 Palladium-Mediated Domino Reactions
Authors: Anderson E. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPalladium catalysis offers excellent opportunities to engineer domino reactions, due to the ability of this transition metal to engage with a variety of electrophiles and to effect stereocontrolled bond formations in complex settings. This review covers palladium-catalyzed domino processes, categorized according to the initiating species (alkenyl-, aryl-, allyl-, allenyl-, or alkylpalladium complexes), with a particular focus on applications in natural product synthesis that exemplify more general methodology.
1.6.3 Gold-Mediated Reactions
Authors: Merino E. , Salvador A. , Nevado C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this review, a selection of the most relevant examples featuring gold-catalyzed domino transformations are presented. Processes catalyzed by both gold(I) and gold(III) complexes are described, including multicomponent reactions, annulations, cycloisomerizations, and cycloadditions. The scope, limitations, and mechanistic rationalization of these transformations are also provided.
1.6.4 Rare Earth Metal Mediated Domino Reactions
Authors: Ohshima T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRare earth metals, comprising 17 chemical elements in the periodic table, are relatively abundant in the Earth’s crust despite their name. In the series of lanthanides, a systematic contraction of the ionic radii is observed when going from lanthanum to lutetium (often referred to as the lanthanide contraction), but this variation is so smooth and limited, with ca. 1% contraction between two successive lanthanides, that it is possible to fine-tune the ionic radii, Lewis acidity, and Brønsted basicity of rare earth complexes. As a result of the large size of the lanthanide ions compared to other metal ions, lanthanide ions have high coordination numbers, varying from 6 to 12. Due to the strong oxophilicity of rare earth elements, their metal ions have a hard Lewis acidic nature. Most particularly, rare earth metal trifluoromethanesulfonates [M(OTf)3] have been regarded as new types of Lewis acids and are stable and active in the presence of many Lewis bases. Another important type of rare earth metal species, the rare earth metal alkoxides [M(OR)3], exhibit both Lewis acidity and Brønsted basicity. These collated characteristic features of rare earth based complexes, such as high coordination numbers, a hard Lewis acidic nature, high compatibility with various functional groups, ease of fine-tuning, and multifunctionality, have led to the development of a variety of domino reactions catalyzed largely by rare earth metal trifluoromethanesulfonates and alkoxides.
2.1 Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Griesbeck A. G. , Sillner S. , Kleczka M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this chapter, the transfer of molecular oxygen to organic substrates initiated by the action of an electronically excited catalyst with a substrate molecule or with triplet oxygen is described. Most of the primary products that derive from these reactions have an intact oxygen–oxygen bond (i.e., they are peroxides, hydroperoxides, or acyclic/cyclic dialkyl peroxides) or they are, in subsequent steps, converted into reduced products such as alcohols, ethers, or carbonyl compounds.
2.3 Water as an Oxygen Source for Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Garrido-Barros P. , Funes-Ardoiz I. , Farràs P. , Gimbert-Suriñach C. , Maseras F. , Llobet A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe use of water as oxygen source for the catalytic oxidation of organic substrates is a clean alternative to the commonly used methods that utilize oxidizing agents based on contaminant metals such as chromium or manganese. In this chapter, a detailed description of the thermodynamic requirements of this type of reaction is given, with particular emphasis on the so-called organic-substrate-assisted water splitting (OSA-WS) reaction that generates hydrogen gas as the only byproduct of the reaction. Important considerations regarding the metal catalyst needed to perform these reactions are discussed, followed by specific examples described in the literature. Among them, are examples of epoxidation of alkenes, oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides, and oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids. In some cases, the energy input to perform the reaction comes from visible light by using photosensitizers or semiconductors as light-harvesting agents. Finally, two examples of photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) are described, where light-induced oxidation and reduction half reactions take place in separate compartments. This design provides an easy-to-process reaction where the oxidized organic compound and hydrogen gas byproduct are generated in independent compartments, and at the same time avoids undesired side reactions that may occur as a result of the mixture.
4 Allylic, Benzylic, and Propargylic Oxidation
Authors: Chen P. , Liu G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOxidation reactions of C—H bonds are fundamental in modern organic synthesis and always attract much attention. Over the last three decades, remarkable progress in the oxidation of allylic and benzylic C—H bonds has been made, whereas only a few examples of the oxidation of propargylic C—H bonds have been reported. In this review, the catalytic oxidation of allylic, benzylic, and propargylic C—H bonds is summarized. It covers the construction of C—O, C—N, C—C, and C—F bonds. Some rare examples of C—B and C—Si bond formation in benzylic oxidations are also included.
Raisingturn outin Late Modern English
Authors: Serrano-Losada Mario 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPresent-day Englishturn outis used in several constructions with mirative and evidential overtones. Among these, the raised subject construction and the impersonal construction stand out. The current paper provides a diachronic account of the changes that led to the emergence of these constructions. It examines the semantic and syntactic configuration ofturn outand the mechanisms whereby this verb developed evidential and mirative readings during the Late Modern English period. The record shows thatturn outdeveloped abruptly from a full lexical (predominantly resultative and change-of-state) control verb into a raising verb in the course of the eighteenth century. This change was triggered by a process of semantic generalization and subjectification whereby the verb acquired evidential and, most notably, mirative nuances. Analogy seems to have played an important role as well, since the evidence suggests that other constructions somewhat similar in form (syntactic structural usage) and meaning facilitated this process. The bulk of the data examined in this study were drawn from theOxford English Dictionaryand theCorpus of Late Modern English Texts, version 3.0.
From mirativity to argumentation
Authors: Arigne Viviane 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study is an analysis of the relation between emotion and cognition exhibited by the various uses of meditative-polemic should in English. In its primary uses linked to the expression of emotions, the syntactic construction exhibits a negative evaluative meaning in the superordinate clause, which posits the propositional content of the subordinate clause as counter-expected and therefore endowed with a mirative value. In more intellectual uses in which the superordinate clause does not explicitly express negative meanings, the semantic mirative meaning is preserved, illustrating a case of multistratal modality. In these cases, the initial mirative value is exploited in argumentation as discursive mirativity, counter-expectancy being used as a built-in foundation for more elaborate meanings, allowing a subject to express a particular value while anticipating contradiction on the part of another subject.