bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Clinical Outcomes of a Pharmacist-Managed Diabetes Clinic to Usual Physician-Based Care
Authors: Schultz Jordan L. , Horner Kathleen E. , McDanel Deanna L. , Miller Michelle L. , Beranek Randi L. , Jacobsen Ryan B. , Sly Nichole J. , Miller Aaron C. , Mascardo Lisa A. 
Published: May 2017

Background: This study analyzed the impact of a pharmacist-managed diabetes clinic on clinical outcomes compared to usual care received from primary care providers (PCPs). This comparison may more definitively demonstrate the value of pharmacist management of chronic disease states. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study conducted in patients referred to a pharmacist-managed pharmacotherapy (PT) clinic from July 2009 to October 2014. Results: For the primary outcome, the absolute change in A1c during the usual care phase was +1.53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.96, P < .0001) versus an absolute change of −1.63% (95% CI: −1.28 to −1.97, P < .0001) in the intervention phase. For secondary outcomes, diabetes-related hospitalizations (10 vs 6, P = .104) and emergency room (ER) visits (27 vs 8, P = .049) decreased in the intervention phase compared to the usual care phase. The rate of diabetes-related interventions made per patient per year in the usual care phase was 2.7 versus 11.1 in the intervention phase ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Patients referred to the PT clinic had worsening blood glucose control prior to referral, and their control improved after referral to the clinic. Furthermore, there was an improvement in all diabetes-related outcomes in the intervention phase compared to the usual care phase.
Pain and adverse behavior in declawed cats
Authors: Martell-Moran Nicole K , Solano Mauricio , Townsend Hugh GG 
Published: May 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequent development of back pain and unwanted behavior in cohorts of treated and control cats housed in two different locations. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. In total, there was 137 declawed and 137 non-declawed cats, of which 176 were owned cats (88 declawed, 88 non-declawed) and 98 were shelter cats (49 declawed and 49 non-declawed). All cats were physically examined for signs of pain and barbering. The previous 2 years of medical history were reviewed for documented unwanted behavior such as inappropriate elimination and biting with minimal provocation and aggression. All declawed cats were radiographed for distal limb abnormalities, including P3 (third phalanx) bone fragments. The associations of declaw surgery with the outcomes of interest were examined using χ2 analysis, two sample t-tests and manual, backwards, stepwise logistic regression. Results Significant increases in the odds of back pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.9), periuria/perichezia (OR 7.2), biting (OR 4.5) and barbering (OR 3.06) occurred in declawed compared with control cats. Of the 137 declawed cats, 86 (63%) showed radiographic evidence of residual P3 fragments. The odds of back pain (OR 2.66), periuria/perichezia (OR 2.52) and aggression (OR 8.9) were significantly increased in declawed cats with retained P3 fragments compared with those declawed cats without. Optimal surgical technique, with removal of P3 in its entirety, was associated with fewer adverse outcomes and lower odds of these outcomes, but operated animals remained at increased odds of biting (OR 3.0) and undesirable habits of elimination (OR 4.0) compared with non-surgical controls. Conclusions and relevance Declawing cats increases the risk of unwanted behaviors and may increase risk for developing back pain. Evidence of inadequate surgical technique was common in the study population. Among declawed cats, retained P3 fragments further increased the risk of developing back pain and adverse behaviors. The use of optimal surgical technique does not eliminate the risk of adverse behavior subsequent to onychectomy.
Fatigue after a first attack of suspected multiple sclerosis
Authors: van der Vuurst de Vries Roos M , van den Dorpel Jan JA , Mescheriakova Julia Y , Runia Tessel F , Jafari Naghmeh , Siepman Theodora AM , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Steyerberg Ewout W , Hintzen Rogier Q 
Published: May 2017

Background: Fatigue is reported by more than 75% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In an earlier study, we showed that fatigue is not only a common symptom in patients at time of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; fatigued 46%) but also predicts subsequent diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). The course of fatigue after CIS is unknown. Objective: We aimed to explore the long-term course of fatigue after CIS. Methods: In this study, 235 CIS patients, aged 18–50 years, were prospectively followed. Patients filled in the Krupp’s Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline and annually. After reaching CDMS diagnosis, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was obtained annually. Mixed-effects models were used to analyse longitudinal FSS measurements. Results: Fatigue at baseline was an independent predictor for CDMS diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR): 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–4.4). The evolution of FSS was the same in CIS patients who remained monophasic and patients who were diagnosed with CDMS during follow-up. However, FSS increased by 0.86 units after reaching CDMS diagnosis ( p = 0.01). After this increase, the FSS course remained unaltered ( p = 0.44). Conclusion: Fatigue, which is often present at time of CIS, probably persists over time and increases after a second attack.
Prevalence and costs of defensive medicine: a national survey of Italian physicians
Authors: Panella Massimiliano , Rinaldi Carmela , Leigheb Fabrizio , Knesse Sanita , Donnarumma Chiara , Kul Seval , Vanhaecht Kris , Di Stanislao Francesco 
Published: May 2017

Objective To identify the prevalence of the practice of defensive medicine among Italian hospital physicians, its costs and the reasons for practising defensive medicine and possible solutions to reduce the practice of defensive medicine. Methods Cross-sectional web survey. Main outcome measures Number of physicians reporting having engaged in any defensive medicine behaviour in the previous year. Results A total of 1313 physicians completed the survey. Ninety-five per cent believed that defensive medicine would increase in the near future. The practice of defensive medicine accounted for approximately 10% of total annual Italian national health expenditure. Conclusions Defensive medicine is a significant factor in health care costs without adding any benefit to patients. The economic burden of defensive medicine on health care systems should provide a substantial stimulus for a prompt review of this situation in a time of economic crisis. Malpractice reform, together with a systematic use of evidence-based clinical guidelines, is likely to be the most effective way to reduce defensive medicine.
Selective non-operative management of anterior abdominal stab wounds with emphasis on the value of follow-up abdominal CT scanning
Authors: Fouda El Yamani , Magdy Alaa , Emile Sameh Hany 
Published: May 2017

Background and aim Selective non-operative management of patients with penetrating abdominal stabs is the preferred treatment strategy. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of non-operative management with emphasis on the value of follow-up abdominal CT scanning in management of patients with penetrating anterior abdominal stab. Patients and methods This is a retrospective chart review of stable patients with anterior abdominal stab wounds. Patients were divided in terms of initial decisions into two groups: laparotomy group and non-operative management group. Abdominal CT scan was performed for patients in the non-operative management group on admission and follow-up CT scanning was performed in cases of clinical and/or biochemical deterioration. Results The laparotomy group included 82 patients and 68.2% of them had unnecessary laparotomies. The non-operative management group comprised 97 patients and 90.7% of them did not require subsequent laparotomy. Abdominal CT scan had a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 100% in detection of intra-abdominal injuries. Follow-up CT scanning detected bowel injuries missed by initial CT scan in three patients. The non-operative management group had significantly lower post-operative complication rate than the laparotomy group (4.1% vs. 18.3%), with a significantly shorter length of stay. Conclusions Non-operative management is the optimal management strategy for stable patients with penetrating anterior abdominal stab to decrease unnecessary laparotomy rates, hospital stay and costs. Follow-up abdominal CT scanning facilitated the decision making for patients selected for non-operative management and is highly sensitive in the diagnosis of patients who require subsequent exploration.
Transabdominal Ultrasonography-Defined Optimal and Definitive Bladder-Filling Protocol With Time Trends During Pelvic Radiation for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Umesh Mahantshetty , Kumar Deepak P. , Chadha Pranav , Choudary Rajiv , Kembhavi Seema , Thakur Meenakshi , Reena Engineer , Chopra Supriya , Shrivastava Shyamkishore 
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Advanced radiotherapy techniques have emphasized on the importance of accurate target volume localization and delineation. The aim of this study was to determine time taken to achieve moderate bladder volume under physiological conditions, using transabdominal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: Patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical radiation with or without concomitant chemotherapy underwent serial ultrasound to estimate bladder filling. With a strict bladder protocol of consuming 1000 mL of water orally over 30 minutes after emptying the bladder, ultrasound was done after 45 minutes from bladder emptying time and repeated at 15-minute interval till 300 (25) mL filling was achieved and repeated every week. Results: Forty-six patients with weekly ultrasound for bladder-filling documentation were evaluated. The mean (standard deviation) bladder volume measured at 45 minutes was 220 (93), 210 (95), 195 (91), 195 (96), and 190 (85) mL (average: 200; median: 195 mL) for the first to fifth week, respectively, and the mean (standard deviation) volume at 75 minutes was 300 (95), 310 (80), 290 (80), 295 (80), and 285 (70) mL (average: 295; median: 300 mL). The mean (standard deviation) time for bladder filling to 300 mL in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth week was 57 ( 13.5), 67 (16.6), 66 (16.7), 66 (15.5), and 69 (17.1) minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Bladder filling to a definitive moderate volume at a reasonably fixed time period in each week of radiation is well tolerated, feasible, and measurable by weekly transabdominal ultrasound measurements.
Quality of Care for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in the Primary Care Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study From Ontario, Canada
Authors: Nash Danielle M. , Brimble Scott , Markle-Reid Maureen , McArthur Eric , Tu Karen , Nesrallah Gihad E. , Grill Allan , Garg Amit X. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease may not be receiving recommended primary renal care. Objective: To use recently established primary care quality indicators for chronic kidney disease to determine the proportion of patients receiving recommended renal care. Design: Retrospective cohort study using administrative data with linked laboratory information. Setting: The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, from 2006 to 2012. Patients: Patients over 40 years with chronic kidney disease or abnormal kidney function in primary care were included. Measurements: In total, 11 quality indicators were assessed for chronic kidney disease identified through a Delphi panel in areas of screening, monitoring, drug prescribing, and laboratory monitoring after initiating an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Methods: We calculated the proportion and cumulative incidence at the end of follow-up of patients meeting each indicator and stratified results by age, sex, cohort entry, and chronic kidney disease stage. Results: Less than half of patients received follow-up tests after an initial abnormal kidney function result. Most patients with chronic kidney disease received regular monitoring of serum creatinine (91%), but urine albumin-to-creatinine monitoring was lower (70%). A total of 84% of patients age 66 and older did not receive a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescription of at least 2-week duration. Three quarters of patients age 66 and older were on an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and 96% did not receive an ACE inhibitor and ARB concurrently. Among patients 66 to 80 years of age with chronic kidney disease, 65% were on a statin. One quarter of patients age 66 and older who initiated an ACE inhibitor or ARB had their serum creatinine and potassium monitored within 7 to 30 days. Limitations: This study was limited to people in Ontario with linked laboratory information. Conclusions: There was generally strong performance across many of the quality of care indicators. Areas where more attention may be needed are laboratory testing to confirm initial abnormal kidney function test results and monitoring serum creatinine and potassium after initiating a new ACE inhibitor or ARB.
Bendamustine plus rituximab for chronic cold agglutinin disease: results of a Nordic prospective multicenter trial
Authors: Berentsen Sigbjørn , Randen Ulla , Oksman Markku , Birgens Henrik , Tvedt Tor Henrik Anderson , Dalgaard Jakob , Galteland Eivind , Haukås Einar , Brudevold Robert , Sørbø Jon Hjalmar , Næss Inger Anne , Malecka Agnieszka , Tjønnfjord Geir E. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points
Bendamustine-rituximab therapy results in high overall and CR rates with sustained remissions in CAD. Bendamustine plus rituximab may be considered in first line for most patients with CAD requiring therapy.
Impact of Initial CSF Findings on Outcome Among Patients With National Cancer Institute Standard- and High-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Winick Naomi , Devidas Meenakshi , Chen Si , Maloney Kelly , Larsen Eric , Mattano Leonard , Borowitz Michael J. , Carroll Andrew , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Heerema Nyla A. , Willman Cheryl , Wood Brent , Loh Mignon L. , Raetz Elizabeth , Hunger Stephen P. , Carroll William L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose To determine the prognostic significance of blasts, and of white and red blood cells, in CSF samples at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a uniform CSF and risk group classification schema was incorporated into Children’s Oncology Group B-cell ALL (B-ALL) clinical trials. Methods CSF status was designated as follows: CNS1, no blasts; CNS2a to 2c, < 5 WBCs/μL and blasts with/without ≥ 10 RBCs/μL or ≥ 5 WBCs/μL plus blasts, with WBCs ≥ 5 times the number of RBCs; CNS3a to 3c, ≥ 5 WBCs/μL plus blasts with/without ≥ 10 RBCs/μL or clinical signs of CNS disease. CNS2 status did not affect therapy; patients with CNS3 status received two extra intrathecal treatments during induction and augmented postinduction therapy with 18 Gy of cranial radiation. Results Among 8,379 evaluable patients enrolled from 2004 to 2010, 7,395 (88.3%) had CNS1 status; 857 (10.2%), CNS2; and 127 (1.5%), CNS3. The 5-year event-free and overall survival rates were, respectively, 85% and 92.7% for CNS1, 76% and 86.8% for CNS2, and 76% and 82.1% for CNS3 ( P < .001). In multivariable analysis that included age, race/ethnicity, initial WBC, and day-29 minimal residual disease < 0.1%, CSF blast, regardless of cell count, was an independent adverse predictor of outcome for patients with standard- or high-risk disease according to National Cancer Institute criteria. The EFS difference reflected a significant difference in the incidence of CNS, not marrow, relapse in patients with CNS1 versus CNS2 and/or CNS3 status. Conclusion Low levels of CNS leukemia, regardless of RBCs, predict inferior outcome and higher rates of CNS relapse. These data suggest that additional augmentation of CNS-directed therapy is warranted for CNS2 disease.
Postcolonial Disablement and/as Transition
Authors: Durban-Albrecht Erin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article brings together black transgender studies and postcolonial studies to consider the possibility for trans* narratives of Haiti, known as the “Black Republic.” Based on ethnographic research with trani, trans*, and transgender Haitians, this article focuses on how one woman—“Kelly”—has built a life between Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and the United States. As the author argues, the 7.0 earthquake on January 12, 2010, is the most prominent transition in Haitian transgender lives because of the ways that it reorganized bodies and social relations. The author draws from black, queer, trans*, and crip theories to consider how Kelly's life herstory creates possibilities for elaborating the effects of breaking open—the tectonic shifts in gender embodiment and social life that have taken place in Haiti alongside the earth's movements. More specifically, the author illustrates that antiblack postcolonial disablement of the earthquake produced transing effects. Kelly's remasculinization through sustaining injuries and receiving medical interventions resulted in the most profound dysphoria of Kelly's life. The disaster also amplified the fractures in MSM organizations because of how they paid lip service to supporting transgender women. In exploring the question of what the forms of black trans* self-authorization look like in this context of antiblack postcolonial disablement, the author proposes stitching together as a strategy geared toward black trans* futures through (imperfect) reparation and survival.
Is Transmisogyny Killing Trans Women of Color?
Authors: Krell Elías Cosenza 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article takes as its starting point a recent appearance by musician, actress, and TransTech Social Enterprises CEO Angelica Ross on Caitlyn Jenner's reality television show, I Am Cait. The first section places Ross's exegesis in conversation with C. Riley Snorton on the representation of Black sexual duplicity in popular culture and Audre Lorde's critique of white saviorism. Part 2 turns to contemporary discourses of transmisogyny and demonstrates that the term is ill equipped to address the structures of power that manifested in I Am Cait. The discussion suggests that race and class surreptitiously impact the emergence and circulation of transmisogyny as an analytic. Julia Serano's scholarship is read alongside Marlon B. Ross on the universalization of whiteness in theories of gender and sexuality. A final, briefer section posits alternative genealogies of trans feminism that focalize the writing, activism, and performance work of trans women of color.
The Kv1-associated molecules TAG-1 and Caspr2 are selectively targeted to the axon initial segment in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Pinatel Delphine , Hivert Bruno , Saint-Martin Margaux , Noraz Nelly , Savvaki Maria , Karagogeos Domna , Faivre-Sarrailh Catherine 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Caspr2 and TAG-1 (also known as CNTNAP2 and CNTN2, respectively) are cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) associated with the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 (also known as KCNA1 and KCNA2, respectively) at regions controlling axonal excitability, namely, the axon initial segment (AIS) and juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons. The distribution of Kv1 at juxtaparanodes requires axo-glial contacts mediated by Caspr2 and TAG-1. In the present study, we found that TAG-1 strongly colocalizes with Kv1.2 at the AIS of cultured hippocampal neurons, whereas Caspr2 is uniformly expressed along the axolemma. Live-cell imaging revealed that Caspr2 and TAG-1 are sorted together in axonal transport vesicles. Therefore, their differential distribution may result from diffusion and trapping mechanisms induced by selective partnerships. By using deletion constructs, we identified two molecular determinants of Caspr2 that regulate its axonal positioning. First, the LNG2-EGF1 modules in the ectodomain of Caspr2, which are involved in its axonal distribution. Deletion of these modules promotes AIS localization and association with TAG-1. Second, the cytoplasmic PDZ-binding site of Caspr2, which could elicit AIS enrichment and recruitment of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGuK) protein MPP2. Hence, the selective distribution of Caspr2 and TAG-1 may be regulated, allowing them to modulate the strategic function of the Kv1 complex along axons.
Anticipated Entry and Entry Deterrence: Evidence from the American Casino Industry
Authors: Cookson J. Anthony 
Published: May 2017

Using new data on entry plans into the American casino industry, I find that incumbent firms invest in physical capacity when threatened with a nearby entry plan, and these strategic investments deter eventual entry. Consistent with an entry-deterrence motive, incumbents respond to the threat of entry when entry is uncertain, but not when entry is assured. The average capacity expansion of 2,300 square feet is associated with a 6.8-percentage-point greater likelihood that the entry plan fails. These findings show that investments in deterrence are viable, especially when new entrants face other significant barriers to entry. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2730 . This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Exploring parents' and teachers' perceptions of promoting oral health in children
Authors: Coll Anne Marie , Richards Wayne , Filipponi Teresa 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the perceptions of teachers and parents of infant school children in primary schools positioned and servicing affluent and deprived populations as intermediate and end users of oral health promotion services in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Method: Two primary schools within the Vale of Glamorgan were selected each representing different geographical locations within the area as well as different socio-economic profiles. A focus group of parents (n=8 school 1); an individual face-to-face interview with one parent (school 2) and individual face-to-face interviews with both headteachers and one reception teacher from each school. A 12-item interview schedule was devised in which face and content validity was established. A thematic analysis using Nvivo was then undertaken in which themes and sub-themes were identified. Results: Seven themes emerged from the analysis of the data. These included: ‘responsibility’, ‘the dentist’, ‘the role of the health visitor and school nurse’, ‘school policy’, ‘oral health education’, ‘positive role modelling’ and ‘Designed to Smile’. Confused messages were reported by both teachers and parents, which suggest that different approaches are needed in the delivery of key oral health messages. Conclusions: There were clear differences in the perceptions of disease experiences of children in the teachers and the parents of each school and clear evidence of dental disease having an impact on some of the children in school 1. Health visitors and school nurses as public health professionals are best placed to take the lead on oral health promotion in pre-school, school children, young people and their families in communicating clear, accurate, consistent and unambiguous evidence-based messages. Working more collaboratively with Designed to Smile, general and community dentists can do much to raise the profile of oral health promotion particularly for those families who need it most.