bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATING SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE IN TO A ‘LATE EFFECTS CLINIC’ FOR CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS: DEVELOPING CARE PATHWAYS TO IMPROVE SERVICE PROVISION
Authors: Evans G , Gleeson H , Gregory K 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo establish current physical activity (PA) behaviours in childhood cancer survivors attending a tertiary hospital “late effects” clinic.To highlight their perceived barriers to increasing physical activity levels.To identify their preferred interventions to support physical activity participation.To establish whether medical teams are providing physical activity advice as perceived by the patient.MethodsQuestionnaires were administered through a tertiary hospital ‘Late Effects Clinic’ for childhood cancer survivors. Questions were devised after review of previous publications relating to PA measurement and interventions.1Results32 responses; 17 males and 15 females between 17–45 years (median: 28 years). 56% of respondents stated becoming more physically active was a priority for them. 26% failed to meet government guidelines for PA.2 41% cited barriers to PA were ‘competing priorities’ (work, study or family/friends); 29.3% cited ‘physical barriers’ (pain, concerns about injury or medication side-effects); 19% cited ‘social barriers’ (pressure from family/friends, don't feel confident, lack of encouragement) and 10.3% cited ‘other factors’ (financial or lack of facilities/equipment).59% stated a preference to exercise ‘on their own’ rather than through ‘group’ exercise programs which is reflected in the responses given for preferred resources to help increase PA levels; paper 33%, interactive DVD 30%, mobile phone app/online website/online website with video each 11%, podcast 4%.2ConclusionsPA is a high priority for this population and barriers broadly reflect those cited by other populations.3 Technological resources as aids to help improve PA levels need to be considered by clinicians as an important tool and should become a fundamental component of the patient pathway. Greater collaboration between SEM and other medical specialties could help identify and address the needs of specific patient groups in increasing PA levels.
THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE TRAINING ON BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES IN ORDER TO COMPARE AND DIFFERENTIATE FROM A PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED “MOLECULAR SIGNATURE” OF RHUEPO DOPING
Authors: Shurlock J , Wang G , Pitsiladis Y 
Published: October 2016

AimsCurrent testing methods for the abuse of recombinant human erythropoietin for performance enhancement are inadequate. Recently ‘omics’ technologies have been used, successfully, to demonstrate a ‘molecular signature’ of rHuEPO administration. The same technologies can be applied in altitude-trained individuals in an attempt to differentiate rHuEPO administration and altitude training at a gene expression level. This approach has the potential to improve current doping detection methods, such as the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). The aim of this project was to assess the effects of altitude training on blood gene expression profiles in order to compare and differentiate from a previously identified “molecular signature” of rHuEpo doping.Methods20 endurance trained individuals participated in the study. 12 individuals (5 Female, 7 Male) trained at ∼2320 m altitude (Sierra Nevada, Spain) for 17 days and 8 individuals (3 Female, 5 Male) trained at sea-level (London, England). Blood samples were taken for haematological and gene expression analysis at baseline, during, and post-48hr, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks-post altitude exposure. Gene expression was analysed using Affymetrix QuantiGene Plex Assay, focussing on a subset of 50 target genes.Results28 of the target genes were identified as significant by the overall F-test (FDR adjusted P value <0.05). Two trends towards significantly differential expression were identified. 20 genes were found to be trending towards under expression 1-week after altitude exposure (FDR>0.06). 13 genes were found to be trending towards over expression during altitude exposure (FDR>0.07). There were no significant changes in the measured haematological parameters.ConclusionsThis study gives an insight into the gene expression signature of altitude exposure in endurance-trained athletes. Altitude exposure cannot currently be confidently differentiated from rHuEPO doping, using gene expression profiles alone. These findings add to the evidence supporting the use of “Omics” technologies, alongside current anti-doping strategies.
Cohort profile: the Hlabisa pregnancy cohort, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Chetty Terusha , Thorne Claire , Tanser Frank , Bärnighausen Till , Coutsoudis Anna 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe Hlabisa pregnancy cohort was established to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) guideline revisions. The objectives of the Hlabisa pregnancy cohort are to: (1) provide cohort-level information on maternal health up to 6 weeks postpartum in a high HIV prevalence setting; and to (2) evaluate aspects of PMTCT care that have policy relevance.ParticipantsThe pregnancy cohort is located in primary health clinics in the Hlabisa subdistrict of rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Baseline data collection between 2010 and 2014 has been completed with the enrolment of 25 608 pregnancies; age ranged from 15–49 years. Pregnant women were assessed during routine antenatal visits: first visit, follow-up 1 week later, 32 weeks (HIV test), infant delivery and 6 weeks postpartum. Demographic, pregnancy, clinical, laboratory and HIV data were collected through Department of Health interviews, laboratory tests and routine data linkage. Treatment data for HIV-infected pregnant women were linked to the Africa Centre Hlabisa HIV Treatment and Care Programme for detailed antiretroviral therapy (ART) history and laboratory tests.Findings to dateThe proportion of women initiated on ART post-2013 were higher (n=437; 100%) than pre-2013 (n=768; 84.2%). The proportion of women in care at 6 weeks (73.8%) was also higher post-2013 relative to earlier years (58.5%). The majority of HIV-infected pregnant women were either on lifelong ART or ART prophylaxis; pre-2013, ∼ 9.6% of women were not on any ART. Pregnancy viral load monitoring was inadequate.Future plansThis cohort will be used to: (1) determine HIV acquisition risk during pregnancy and postpartum; (2) determine the effect of HIV and ART on birth outcomes; (3) examine the effect of pregnancy on virological response to ART; and (4) characterise the effect of sequential pregnancies on access to clinical care, response to prolonged ART and birth outcomes.
Economic evaluation of a shortened standardised treatment regimen of antituberculosis drugs for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM): study protocol
Authors: Gama Elvis , Madan Jason , Langley Ivor , Girma Mamo , Evans Denise , Rosen Sydney , Squire S Bertel 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a serious financial challenge to health systems and patients. The current treatment for patients with MDR-TB takes up to 24 months to complete. Evidence for a shorter regimen which differs from the standard WHO recommended MDR-TB regimen and typically lasts between 9 and 12 months has been reported from Bangladesh. This evaluation aims to assess the economic impact of a shortened regimen on patients and health systems. This evaluation is innovative as it combines patient and health system costs, as well as operational modelling in assessing the impact.Methods and analysisAn economic evaluation nested in a clinical trial with 2 arms will be performed at 4 facilities. The primary outcome measure is incremental cost to the health system of the study regimen compared with the control regimen. Secondary outcome measures are mean incremental costs incurred by patients by treatment outcome; patient costs by category (direct medical costs, transport, food and accommodation costs, and cost of guardians/accompanying persons and lost time); health systems cost by category and drugs; and costs related to serious adverse events.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been evaluated and approved by the Ethics Advisory Group of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; South African Medical Research Ethics Committee; Wits Health Consortium Protocol Review Committee; University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee; University of Kwazulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee; St Peter TB Specialized Hospital Ethical Review Committee; AHRI-ALERT Ethical Review Committee, and all participants will provide written informed consent. The results of the economic evaluation will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN78372190.
Charge transfer modeling in monolayer circular graphene quantum dots–ZnO nanowires system for application in photovoltaic devices
Authors: Tamandani Shahryar , Darvish Ghafar 
Published: October 2016

We investigate electron transport between circular graphene quantum dots (CGQDs) and ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs). This structure can be used as donor and acceptor in hybrid solar cells. We consider circular quantum dots (QDs) and use analytical calculation in order to estimate wavefunctions of GQD and ZnO NWs. After calculating the wavefunctions overlap, we use Marcus relation in order to calculate electron transfer rate. Also, we calculate this transfer rate for CdSe QDs–ZnO NWs system. Results from analytical calculation show that the transfer rate is limited to 10[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text]. This result is in agreement with experimental results which are reported earlier. Such systems could be suitable for solar cells.
Nucleolin Targeting Impairs the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer and Promotes the Normalization of Tumor Vasculature
Authors: Gilles Maud-Emmanuelle , Maione Federica , Cossutta Mélissande , Carpentier Gilles , Caruana Laure , Di Maria Silvia , Houppe Claire , Destouches Damien , Shchors Ksenya , Prochasson Christopher , Mongelard Fabien , Lamba Simona , Bardelli Alberto , Bouvet Philippe , Couvelard Anne , Courty José , Giraudo Enrico , Cascone Ilaria 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive tumor, mostly resistant to the standard treatments. Nucleolin is overexpressed in cancers and its inhibition impairs tumor growth. Herein, we showed that nucleolin was overexpressed in human specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and that the overall survival significantly increased in patients with low levels of nucleolin. The nucleolin antagonist N6L strongly impaired the growth of primary tumors and liver metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC (mPDAC). Similar antitumor effect of N6L has been observed in a highly angiogenic mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor RIP-Tag2. N6L significantly inhibited both human and mouse pancreatic cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, the analysis of tumor vasculature revealed a strong increase of pericyte coverage and vessel perfusion both in mPDAC and RIP-Tag2 tumors, in parallel to an inhibition of tumor hypoxia. Nucleolin inhibition directly affected endothelial cell (EC) activation and changed a proangiogenic signature. Among the vascular activators, nucleolin inhibition significantly decreased angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) secretion and expression in ECs, in the tumor and in the plasma of mPDAC mice. As a consequence of the observed N6L-induced tumor vessel normalization, pre-treatment with N6L efficiently improved chemotherapeutic drug delivery and increased the antitumor properties of gemcitabine in PDAC mice. In conclusion, nucleolin inhibition is a new anti-pancreatic cancer therapeutic strategy that dually blocks tumor progression and normalizes tumor vasculature, improving the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, we unveiled Ang-2 as a potential target and suitable response biomarker for N6L treatment in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7181–93. ©2016 AACR.
Subsequent Shockable Rhythm During Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children With Initial Non‐Shockable Rhythms: A Nationwide Population‐Based Observational Study
Authors: Goto Yoshikazu , Funada Akira , Goto Yumiko 
Published: October 2016

Background
The effect of a subsequent treated shockable rhythm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the outcome of children who suffer out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest with initial nonshockable rhythm is unclear. We hypothesized that subsequent treated shockable rhythm in children with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest would improve survival with favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category scale 1–2).

Methods and Results

From the All‐Japan Utstein Registry, we analyzed the records of 12 402 children (aged <18 years) with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and initial nonshockable rhythms. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: subsequent treated shockable rhythm (
YES
; n=239) and subsequent treated shockable rhythm (
NO
; n=12 163). The rate of 1‐month cerebral performance category 1 to 2 in the subsequent treated shockable rhythm (
YES
) cohort was significantly higher when compared to the subsequent treated shockable rhythm (
NO
) cohort (4.6% [11 of 239] vs 1.3% [155 of 12 163]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.42–5.36; all
P
<0.001). In the subsequent treated shockable rhythm (
YES
) cohort, the rate of 1‐month cerebral performance category 1 to 2 decreased significantly as time to shock delivery increased (17.7% [3 of 17] for patients with shock‐delivery time 0–9 minutes, 7.3% [8 of 109] for 10–19 minutes, and 0% [0 of 109] for 20–59 minutes;
P
<0.001 [for trend]). Age‐stratified outcomes showed no significant differences between the 2 cohorts in the group aged <7 years old: 1.3% versus 1.4%,
P
=0.62.

Conclusions
In children with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and initial nonshockable rhythms, subsequent treated shockable rhythm was associated with improved 1‐month survival with favorable neurological outcomes. In the cohort of older children (7–17 years), these outcomes worsened as time to shock delivery increased.
Early Christianity in Light of New Religious Movements
Authors: Regev Eyal 
Published: October 2016

Comparing early Christian groups with modern new religious movements (nrms) and cults enables us to identify and analyze indicative social and religious attributes that defined the self-identity of the early Christians (as reflected in the letters of Paul, Acts, and the Gospel of John), made them stand out as different, and, ultimately, led to their rejection by outside society.The devotion to Jesus as Christ and the inclusion of Gentiles among these early Christian groups were novel features that, by definition, created a new religious movement rejected by both Jews and Romans. The intense recruitment of converts by early Christians, also a characteristic ofnrms, was seen as a direct threat by their contemporaries. Early Christian groups lacked social separation from mainstream society, strong demands on their members along with sanctions against deviant ones, and systematic organization — all characteristics which are particular to certain cults, such as Scientology in its early years and the Sōka Gakkai. Taken together, these three social features demonstrate that early Christianity was not a segregated sect but, rather, a cult that aimed to penetrate mainstream society, gain legitimacy, and recruit converts.
State Dependence of Atmospheric Response to Extratropical North Pacific SST Anomalies
Authors: Zhou Guidi , Latif Mojib , Greatbatch Richard J. , Park Wonsun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBy performing two sets of high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, the authors find that the atmospheric response to a sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the extratropical North Pacific is sensitive to decadal variations of the background SST on which the SST anomaly is superimposed. The response in the first set of experiments, in which the SST anomaly is superimposed on the observed daily SST of 1981–90, strongly differs from the response in the second experiment, in which the same SST anomaly is superimposed on the observed daily SST of 1991–2000. The atmospheric response over the North Pacific during 1981–90 is eddy mediated, equivalent barotropic, and concentrated in the east. In contrast, the atmospheric response during 1991–2000 is weaker and strongest in the west. The results are discussed in terms of Rossby wave dynamics, with the proposed primary wave source switching from baroclinic eddy vorticity forcing over the eastern North Pacific in 1981–90 to mean-flow divergence over the western North Pacific in 1991–2000. The wave source changes are linked to the decadal reduction of daily SST variability over the eastern North Pacific and strengthening of the Oyashio Extension front over the western North Pacific. Thus, both daily and frontal aspects of the background SST variability in determining the atmospheric response to extratropical North Pacific SST anomalies are emphasized by these AGCM experiments.
Structure and Evolution of a Warm Frontal Precipitation Band during the GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx)
Authors: Colle Brian A. , Naeger Aaron R. , Molthan Andrew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of an intense precipitation band associated with a relatively weak warm front observed during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) over southern Ontario, Canada, on 18 February 2012. The warm frontal precipitation band went through genesis, maturity, and decay over a 5–6-h period. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model nested down to 1-km grid spacing was able to realistically predict the precipitation band evolution, albeit somewhat weaker and slightly farther south than observed. Band genesis began in an area of precipitation with embedded convection to the north of the warm front in a region of weak frontogenetical forcing at low levels and a weakly positive to slightly negative moist potential vorticity (MPV*) from 900 to 650 hPa. A midlevel dry intrusion helped reduce the midlevel stability, while the precipitation band intensified as the low-level frontogenesis intensified in a sloping layer with the warm front. Aggregates of unrimed snow occurred within the band during early maturity, while more supercooled water and graupel occurred as the upward motion increased because of the frontogenetical circulation. As the low-level cyclone moved east, the low-level deformation decreased and the column stabilized for vertical and slantwise ascent, and the warm frontal band weakened. A WRF experiment turning off latent heating resulted in limited precipitation band development and a weaker warm front, while turning off latent cooling only intensified the frontal precipitation band as additional midlevel instability compensated for the small decrease in frontogenetical forcing.
Capsule retention related to small bowel capsule endoscopy: a large European single‐center 10‐year clinical experience
Authors: Nemeth Artur , Wurm Johansson Gabriele , Nielsen Jörgen , Thorlacius Henrik , Toth Ervin 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe most concerning complication of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is capsule retention (CR) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract although clinical outcome and management of patients with CR are still uncertain in a large single center material.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate incidence, causes, risk factors, management and clinical outcomes of CR in a large single center between 2001 and 2011.Results2401 consecutive small‐bowel (SB) VCEs were performed. CR was detected in 25 cases (1%). CR in patients with suspected and known Crohn’s disease (CD) undergoing VCE occurred in 14/1370 (1%) including known CD 9/390 (2.3%) and suspected CD 5/980 (0.5%). CR in patients with obscure GI bleeding was observed in 11/816 (1.3%) cases. The SB was the most common site of CR with 17 cases followed by the esophagus (4 cases), colon (2 cases), and stomach (2 cases). Emergency endoscopic intervention (3 cases) and surgery (2 cases) was needed in 5 cases of CR. Elective capsule removal was performed by surgery in 6 cases and endoscopically in 8 cases. Three retained capsules dislodged after steroid treatment and another 3 cases of CR resolved without any intervention.ConclusionThis large clinical material demonstrates that CR is a rare complication with a favorable clinical outcome. Most patients with CR can be electively managed with non‐surgical intervention.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors have wide-ranging activity in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Cooney Jeffrey D. , Aguiar Ricardo C. T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition restores the suppressive effects of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in lymphocytes. In this concise review, we detail how PDE4 inhibition downmodulates the B-cell receptor (BCR)-related kinases spleen tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion by tumor cells, inducing cancer cell apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis in the microenvironment. We describe the successful clinical repurposing of PDE4 inhibitors in B-cell malignancies, and propose that given their anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activity, these agents will suppress BCR signals without the toxicity associated with other targeted biological doublets.
Identifying biomarkers of dementia prevalent among amnestic mild cognitively impaired ethnic female patients
Authors: Grewal Rinko , Haghighi Mona , Huang Shuai , Smith Amanda G. , Cao Chuanhai , Lin Xiaoyang , Lee Daniel C. , Teten Nancy , Hill Angela M. , Selenica Maj-Linda B. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
There is a need to investigate biomarkers that are indicative of the progression of dementia in ethnic patient populations. The disparity of information in these populations has been the focus of many clinical and academic centers, including ours, to contribute to a higher success rate in clinical trials. In this study, we have investigated plasma biomarkers in amnestic mild cognitively impaired (aMCI) female patient cohorts in the context of ethnicity and cognitive status.

Method
A panel of 12 biomarkers involved in the progression of brain pathology, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders were investigated in female cohorts of African American, Hispanic, and White aMCI patients. Both biochemical and algorithmic analyses were applied to correlate biomarker levels measured during the early stages of the disease for each ethnicity.

Results
We report elevated plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, YKL-40, and cystatin C levels in the Hispanic cohort at early aMCI status. In addition, elevated plasma Aβ40 levels were associated with the aMCI status in both White and African American patient cohorts by the decision tree algorithm. Eotaxin-1 levels, as determined by the decision tree algorithm and biochemically measured total tau levels, were associated with the aMCI status in the African American cohort.

Conclusions
Overall, our data displayed novel differences in the plasma biomarkers of the aMCI female cohorts where the plasma levels of several biomarkers distinguished between each ethnicity at an early aMCI stage. Identification of these plasma biomarkers encourages new areas of investigation among aMCI ethnic populations, including larger patient cohorts and longitudinal study designs.