bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Treatment of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Schaal Karen B. , Hoeh Alexandra E. , Scheuerle Alexander , Schuett Florian , Dithmar Stefan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the short-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of intraretinal or subretinal fluid accumulation secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods Twelve patients were treated with intravitreal injections of 2.5 mg bevacizumab at 6-to 8-week intervals until intraretinal or subretinal fluid resolved. Observation procedures were Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmic examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), performed at 6- to 8-week intervals. Fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline visit and thereafter depending on clinical and OCT findings. Multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to calculate a statistical significance of change in BCVA and mean central retinal thickness, which were the main outcome measures. SAS statistical software was used for analyses. Results Patients received 2±1 intravitreal injections of bevacizumab on average during a follow-up of 24±14 weeks. Mean BCVA increased by 2±2 lines; the change in BCVA (log-MAR) was significant (p<0.02). Mean central retinal thickness decreased significantly over follow-up (p<0.05), with 6 patients (50%) showing complete resolution of subretinal fluid. Conclusions Anatomic and functional improvement following intravitreal bevacizumab injections suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be involved in fluid leakage in patients with chronic CSC. The results suggest a possible role for anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of chronic CSC. Further evaluation of intravitreal bevacizumab for chronic CSC in controlled randomized studies is warranted.
HLA-DQB1 Subtypes Predict Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khazaee Mohammad Hassan , Afshari Jalil Tavakol , Khazaee Bahram , Daneshvar Ramin , Akbarzadeh Javad , Khazaee Ladan , Ganjali Rashin , Raygan Firoozeh 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate if diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy despite long disease duration have different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status vs those with an early onset of retinopathy. Methods Retrospective, nonrandomized, masked comparative study. Type 1 diabetic patients with a disease onset before age 30 were recruited to the study. The study population consisted of two groups of diabetic patients: those with normal retinopathy course (retinopathy developed during the first 20 years of diabetes onset) (23 patients) and those with postponed retinopathy (no obvious retinopathy in spite of passing 20 years of diabetes) (19 patients). These groups were matched with regard to level of glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile. A group of 23 healthy patients served as controls. HLA-DQB1 typing of blood samples was done using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. Results HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0504 haplotypes were more common among type 1 diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with postponed retinopathy (26.1% vs 0.0%; p=0.019). HLA-DQB1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*0304 were less common among those diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with a postponed retinopathy (63.2% vs 34.8%; p=0.067). Conclusions Some haplotypes seem to predispose diabetic patients to diabetic retinopathy. HLA typing may be beneficial for predicting the prognosis of diabetic retinopathy in younger diabetic patients.
Aqueous Concentration of Tranexamic Acid after 5% and 10% Eyedrop Administration
Authors: Hosseini Hamid R. Jahadi , Montaseri Hashem , Khalili Mohammad R. , Simakani Shohreh A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine whether topical tranexamic acid can provide acceptable therapeutic concentration in the aqueous humor. Methods A total of 47 patients with cataract as the sole eye disease who have been scheduled for cataract operation received one drop of tranexamic acid 5% solution at various time intervals prior to operation (from 15 minutes to 9 hours). Two patients received 10% solution of the drug. Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was done and the aqueous humor was aspirated in the operation room. The aqueous samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography method with the limit of quantification around 0.1 μg/mL. Systemic and ocular side effects were evaluated. Results Aqueous concentrations of tranexamic acid was higher than 1.5 μg/mL up to 160 minutes after administration of a single drop of 5% solution of the drug and then declined to an average concentration of 1 μg/mL at 300 minutes which persisted up to 9 hours after administration. In two patients for whom a single drop of 10% tranexamic acid solution was used, aqueous concentrations of 2.72 and 2.90 μg/mL were detected 60 minutes after administration. None of the patients experienced ocular or systemic side effects. Conclusions Topical administration of tranexamic acid is effective in yielding therapeutic intraocular concentrations of drug without any ocular or systemic toxicity.
Recently Recognized Cases of Ophthalmofilariasis in Hungary
Authors: Fodor Eszter , Fok Éva , Maka Erika , Lukáts Olga , Tóth* Jeanette 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report four cases of zoonotic ophthalmodirofilariasis infection caused by Dirofilaria repens in Hungary. Methods Four cases of ophthalmofilariasis have been treated at our department during the last 14 months. A subconjunctival moving worm was observed by slit lamp biomicroscopy in two cases. In one of these a living filaria was surgically removed, but the other disappeared. Red eye and migrating edema were the presenting signs in two cases. A biopsy taken from the subcutaneous masses disclosed D repens. Results Histopathologic or parasitologic examination identified a female D repens in every case. Laboratory alterations were not found. Symptoms subsided after treatment. Conclusions The clinical presentation of filariasis is not always straightforward, and a high index of suspicion is necessary in cases presenting with orbital or periorbital inflammation. During the past 10 years the identification of locally acquired infections by D repens has increased in Hungary.
Cardiorespiratory Depression and Hyperglycemia after Unintentional Ingestion of Brimonidine in a Neonate
Authors: Vanhaesebrouck Sophie , Cossey Veerle , Cosaert Katrien , Allegaert Karel , Naulaers Gunnar 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Brimonidine is a third-generation selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that lowers intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral flow. Its safety profile for children <2 years of age remains unknown. Methods We describe a case of ingestion of a single drop of brimonidine 0.2% in a newborn, resulting in sedation, cardiorespiratory depression, and hyperglycemia within minutes. Conclusions This report adds to the existing evidence that brimonidine can have serious adverse side effects and should therefore be used with extreme caution in infants <2 years of age. Additionally, safety procedures like double-checking should also include vitamins or oral supplements to improve medication safety in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Laser in Situ Keratomileusis for Treatment of Fully or Partially Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Polat Sibel , Can Çigdem , İlhan Bayazit , Mutluay Ayse H. , Zilelioğlu Orhan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in partially refractive accommodative esotropia (pRAE) and fully refractive accommodative esotropia (fRAE). Methods Forty-two eyes of 21 patients who had LASIK for correcting hyperopic refractive error were evaluated. Refractive errors, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular alignment, and stereopsis were recorded before and after LASIK. Results Sixteen patients with fRAE and 5 with pRAE were evaluated. Mean age at the time of surgery was 19.00±3.79 years. Mean follow-up time was 12.19±4.51 months. For the fRAE group, the mean preoperative angle of deviation without spectacle correction was +19.13±5.87 prism diopters (PD); all were orthophoric with spectacles. Postoperatively, all these patients achieved less than 10 PD of deviation without spectacles. For the pRAE group, the mean preoperative angle of deviation was +32.60±9.81 PD and +14.60±6.14 PD without and with spectacles, respectively. Postoperatively, the mean angle of deviation was +13.60±5.72 PD and +12.80±5.40 PD without and with spectacles, respectively. For all 21 patients, the preoperative mean spherical equivalent (SE) with cycloplegia was +4.94±1.43 diopters (D); it was +1.49D±0.70 D postoperatively. Three eyes lost 1 line of BCVA and 3 eyes gained 1 line. No intraoperative complication was recorded. Conclusions LASIK is a safe and effective method for treating refractive error and creating orthophoria in fRAE. In pRAE, it eliminates the refractive component of deviation safely and effectively. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 733–7)
Meta-Analysis of Articles Evaluating Routine Intraocular Pressure Control in Monotherapy in the United States and Germany
Authors: Stewart William C. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Mathis Heather M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate routine intraocular pressure (IOP) control in monotherapy patients in the United States and Germany. Methods Meta-analysis of published articles. We included articles that were prospective studies of ocular hypotensive therapies that measured an unaltered (visit 1) IOP on monotherapy before enrolling into a clinical trial. Results This meta-analysis included 5 studies with 7913 patients, of whom 3245 were from the United States (n=1) and 4668 were from Germany (n=4). In the United States, 2939 patients (91%), and in Germany, 4059 patients (87%), had glaucoma (p<0.0001). Of these, all the US patients (100%) and 2694 (58%) of those from Germany were treated with monotherapy. The mean IOP with individual monotherapies in the United States was 19.6±2.2 and in Germany 20.8±0.8 mmHg (p=0.015). Among individual classes of medicine, patients treated with a prostaglandin demonstrated equal pressures (18.8 mmHg, p=0.60) in both countries, whereas the United States showed a lower pressure (20.2 mmHg) than Germany (21.2 mmHg, p=0.0019) with beta blockers. US physicians less often indicated that IOP was adequately controlled (n=1035, 32%) than in Germany (n=2030 of all patients, 44%, p<0.0001). Conclusions This study suggests that patients treated by individual monotherapies in the United States demonstrate a lower pressure, but generally are more often considered uncontrolled, than those in Germany. This finding, if true, indicates a possible variance in treatment goals, or access to treatment, between the United States and Germany in treating patients with elevated pressure. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 769–75)
Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab before Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Modarres Mehdi , Nazari Hossein , Ghasemi Falavarjani Khalil , Naseripour Masood , Hashemi Masih , Mehdi Parvaresh Mohammad 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the use of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods In this prospective surgeon-masked randomized clinical trial, 40 eyes of 40 diabetic patients who were candidates for vitrectomy were randomly assigned to receive 2.5 mg IVB 3–5 days before operation (injected group) or no injection before operation (noninjected group). A preoperative complexity score (CS) was recorded. Best-corrected visual acuity, number of endodiathermy applications, backflush needle applications, duration of surgery, and postoperative vitreous hemorrhage were recorded. Results Twenty-two patients with a CS of 6±0.95 in the injected group and 18 patients with a CS of 5.7±1.1 in the noninjected group (p=0.3) were studied. Postoperative visual acuities were significantly better than preoperative visual acuities. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative visual acuities were the same for both groups; however, in the last follow-up examinations (mean 7± 3.6 months) the injected group had better visual acuities than the noninjected group (1.1±0.4 and 1.4±0.3 logMAR, respectively, p=0.006). Mean surgical time was 62±57.3 minutes in the injected group vs 95.5±36 minutes in the noninjected group (p=0.03): endodiathermy applications 6.0±4.3 vs 11.0±5.8 (p=0.004), backflush cannula applications 11.0±7.2 vs 18.1±7.8 (p=0.004). In non-silicone-filled eyes, no patient in the injected group developed significant postoperative vitreous hemorrhage obscuring the fundus details, while 7 eyes of noninjected eyes had this complication (p=0.01). Conclusions IVB injection before vitrectomy for PDR facilitates the surgery, and may decrease the rate of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage and improve the visual acuity results of the operation. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 848–52)
25-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy with Oblique Sclerotomies for the Management of Retinal Detachment in Pseudophakic and Phakic Eyes
Authors: Kapran Ziya , Acar Nur , Altan Tugrul , Unver Yaprak B. , Yurttaser Serap 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the anatomic and functional outcomes of 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy in primary treatment of noncomplex retinal detachments (RD) in pseudophakic and phakic eyes. Methods In this interventional clinical case series, 23 pseudophakic and 13 phakic eyes with total RDs with proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade A/B underwent primary 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy with oblique sclerotomies and gas endotamponade. Eyes with minimum follow-up of 6 months were evaluated. Main outcome measures were single surgery and final reattachment rates, complications, and changes in visual acuity (VA). Results Mean duration of visual loss was 14.65±12.57 and 22.46±18.95 days in pseudophakic and phakic eyes, respectively. Eighteen (78.26%) pseudophakic eyes and 12 (92.30%) phakic eyes had macular detachment. In all eyes, 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy was completed without complication. Mean follow-up period was 11.00±6.63 months. Single surgery and final retinal attachment rates were 91.30% and 95.65% in pseudophakic eyes and 61.53% and 84.61% in phakic eyes, respectively (p=0.073, p=0.539). In both groups, mean VA increased significantly at postoperative month 1 (p<0.05) and at the last visit (p<0.001). Transient hypotony was detected in 2 pseudophakic and 3 phakic eyes with spontaneous resolution. Two (15.38%) phakic eyes had cataractous changes. Conclusions In this study, 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy resulted in higher single surgery and final anatomic success rates in primary treatment of noncomplex RDs in pseudophakic versus phakic eyes, with commensurate increase in VA. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 853–60)
The Influencing Factors and Characteristics of Corneal Graft Endothelial Decompensation after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Xie Lixin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the influencing factors and characteristics of endothelial decompensation after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods We investigated the indications for PK, the onset times of postoperative endothelial decompensation, and the prevalence of risk factors in 151 eyes from 3031 eyes treated with PK in our center from 1993 to 2007. Results Ocular trauma (22%), repeated PKs (17%), and chemical and thermal burns (10%) were the most common PK indications with the occurrence of endothelial decompensation. Although herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) accounted for 13% in the PK indications with endothelial decompensation, its incidence was actually statistically low (p=0.040) due to the high percentage of HSK in the cases treated with PK (20%). Most endothelial decompensation occurred within 2 years (66%), which may be related to early rejection (p=0.038). Endothelial decompensation occurred within 2 years in all patients due to congenital corneal endothelial dystrophy and iridocorneal endothelial syndrome; more than 70% due to ocular trauma and chemical and thermal burn occurred within 2 years; most cases due to mycotic corneal ulcer (100%) and bullous keratopathy (93%) occurred within 5 years. In the HSK group, endothelial decompensation occurred most at 10.5 and 126 months (median time). The prevalence of risk factors depended on the indicator for PK (p=0.027), and rejection was the highest (41%) among all factors. Conclusions Patients with different indicators for PK had different incidences and onset times for endothelial decompensation, which could help clinicians to follow-up and treat patients with PK reasonably and improve the basic research of pathogenesis of endothelial decompensation.
Imaging Quality of Bifocal Piggyback Intraocular Lens versus ReSTOR and TECNIS Multifocal Lenses
Authors: Artigas José M. , Felipe Adelina , Díaz-Llopis Manuel , García-Delpech Salvador , Navea Amparo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The imaging quality provided by a piggyback integrated by a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) + a bifocal IOL of zero power and +3.75 diopters of addition is compared with the optics quality of a simple multifocal IOL of the same power and addition. Methods The imaging quality was evaluated by determining the modulation transfer function (MTF), using an artificial eye simulating in vivo conditions of the anterior chamber, including an artificial cornea and a wet cell containing physiologic solution where the IOL was positioned. The MTFs of the bifocal piggyback for near and distance vision were measured, with pupil diameters of 3 and 5 mm, and compared with the MTFs of an equivalent power of ReSTOR and TECNIS multifocal IOLs measured under the same conditions. Results The MTFs for distance and near focus of the bifocal piggyback are similar to the MTFs of the ReSTOR and TECNIS multifocal IOLs with the two diameters of pupil. A more accurate comparison, values of average modulation, and Strehl ratio show a greater similitude with ReSTOR than with TECNIS. Conclusions The bifocal piggyback system provides a similar imaging quality to that obtained with a ReSTOR multifocal IOL and, like the ReSTOR, provides better performance in distance vision than in near vision, whereas the TECNIS multifocal IOL provides the best performance.
Bevacizumab in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Retrospective Analysis after 2 Years of Treatment
Authors: Stahl Andreas , Struebin Isabell , Hansen Lutz L. , Agostini Hansjürgen T. , Feltgen Nicolas 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Bevacizumab (Avastin®) was first used clinically in 2005. Reports on the treatment of more than 600 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) have been published to date. However, there are limited data on the long-term effects of bevacizumab in patients with CRVO. Methods We retrospectively re-evaluated 10 patients with CRVO who were initially part of one of the first published case series on the short-term effects of bevacizumab (1). The patients were invited for a follow-up visit 2 years after their initial bevacizumab injection. Study endpoints were changes in visual acuity (VA) and central macular edema (CME) compared to 1) baseline values and 2) short-term values after the initial injection. Results Short-term VA gain had been 2.9 lines 3 weeks after the first bevacizumab injection. Two years later, mean VA gain vs baseline was 1.6 lines. Low baseline VA and good response to the first injection correlated positively with higher long-term VA gains (Pearson correlation of r = 0.50 and r = 0.66). There was no correlation for injection number, occlusion time, or CME changes with long-term VA gain. Conclusions The initial short-term VA gain after bevacizumab treatment was not always maintained over a 2-year period despite repeated injections. Patients with low baseline VA and good response to the first injection seemed to benefit most from repeated bevacizumab injections.
Risk Factors for Culture-Positive Endophthalmitis after Repair of Open Globe Injuries
Authors: Al-Mezaine Hani S. , Osman Essam A. , Kangave Dustan , Abu El-Asrar Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To identify risk factors for the development of culture-positive endophthalmitis after repair of open globe injuries. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 629 consecutive patients with open globe injuries admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital between May 1996 and January 2008. Results Endophthalmitis developed in 12 (1.9%) patients. The following factors were significantly associated with endophthalmitis by univariate analysis: delayed presentation (>24 hours) (p=0.008), rural address (p=0.013), and dirty wound (p=0.012). Logistic regression analysis identified dirty wound to be associated with the development of endophthalmitis (odds ratio = 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67–50.6). On logistic regression analysis, presence of retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in association with rural address (odds ratio = 11.0; 95% CI = 1.44–83.3) or dirty wound (odds ratio = 9.2; 95% CI = 1.22–69.1) was associated with development of endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis was a significant negative predictor for final good visual outcome (p=0.00261) and was significantly associated with hypotony (p=0.033). Conclusions Delayed presentation, rural address, and dirty wound were associated with development of endophthalmitis. Retained IOFB in association with rural address or dirty wound was associated with a particularly high risk of endophthalmitis.
Allergic Conjunctivitis: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life
Authors: Palmares Jorge , Delgado Luis , Cidade Manuela , Quadrado Maria J. , Filipe Helena P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Ocular allergy is one of the most common ocular problems in clinical practice and, although easily identified and frequently a mild to moderate condition, it has relevant direct and indirect costs. To characterize clinical and demographic aspects of allergic conjunctivitis in Portugal, using a structured questionnaire. As a secondary outcome, patient's initial therapeutic and health care options, self-perception of health, and work/school absenteeism were also evaluated. Methods. A cross-sectional study, in 16 ophthalmology departments of central or regional hospitals, in patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis during the spring of 2006. Results. A total of 220 patients were enrolled (mean age of 31.4±18.5 years). A quarter of these patients had >5 episodes of ocular allergy in the past year, 59.3% all year-round episodes, and most presented associated comorbidities (allergic rhinitis 45.9%, asthma 15.5%). They had significant impairment of their overall quality of life during an acute episode (45.6% ≥6 in a 10-point severity scale). Only 19.4% had an appointment with an ophthalmologist as a first action and most (56.1%) started with self treatment measures. Only 37.2% had a previous allergy diagnostic evaluation. Conclusions. In this cross-sectional study of allergic conjunctivitis patients seen in ophthalmology departments, we found a significant impairment of self-rated health status during an ocular allergy episode. Moreover, most patients had year-round episodes and started ocular allergy management with self treatment measures.