bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space, female economies, and autonomy in the shotgun neighborhoods of Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti
Authors: Joos Vincent 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article argues that commercial practices, social relations, and moral obligations in downtown Port‐au‐Prince shape and are shaped by the vernacular buildings in which they take place. Women living in, and working from, shotgun houses—a structure with a small street facade that allows for both private and commercial life—use these houses to build moral economies woven around familial solidarity and egalitarian relations. Working in houses that formerly belonged to Haitian black middle classes implies inheritance of respectability values based around home caretaking, religious life, and intimacy. In their economic inventiveness, women who do not have access to formal employment mobilize the power and politics of these houses in a distinctive mode of work and entrepreneurship. Houses and acts of commerce, together, form a particular kind of Haitian respectability for women that offers visibility, social networking, and risk adversity. These domestic spaces that open up new political, social, and economic horizons are threatened by top‐down urban planning projects. Through the narration of the life history of Clomène Firmin, this article details female economic and moral practices and phases of urban planning that had for effect, since the devastating 2010 earthquake, to dismantle female economies in urban centers.
The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity
Authors: Machaqueiro Raquel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAccording to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, greenhouse gases are responsible for climate change, and for this reason, the reduction of these gases' emissions has become one of the main tenets of international climate change policy. Against this backdrop, parties at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change decided that emissions trading would be one of the main instruments to reduce emissions. Through the critical examination of several documents about carbon markets, this article argues that the codification of carbon dioxide as a commodity constitutes a semiotic process that transforms atmospheric space into a more tangible product, providing it with several levels of fungibility. Within this semiotic process, carbon is also fetishized, acquiring a mystic power. While identifying dissonances between the belief in markets' efficiency to solve the problem of climate change and demands for governments to address the problem of excessive supply, this article asserts that carbon's fetishization results in a tautology sustaining carbon markets' existence; that is, the existence of carbon markets becomes an end in itself, independent of their efficiency in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A space for secondhand goods: Trading the remnants of material life in Hong Kong
Authors: Ta Trang X. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHong Kong is a convergence site for commodities and people from across the globe. The culture of mass consumption and disposability of consumer goods epitomized in this cosmopolitan center fuels the secondhand street markets located in the interstices of the city. During the marginal hours of the late evening and early morning in one of the poorest districts of Hong Kong, Sham Shui Po in Kowloon, a mix of regular and itinerant vendors consisting of locals and immigrants sells salvaged, secondhand goods. The market attracts elderly local residents, foreign domestic workers, African merchants, scrap recyclers, collectors, bargain hunters, and various customers looking to buy for personal use, for resale elsewhere, for refurbishing, or for further recycling. The mutual work of rehabilitating and revalorizing the remnants of material life characterizes this localized but highly global streetscape. These informal spaces of exchange, however marginalized and even criminalized, make possible the redemption of things discarded and abandoned. Trading salvaged goods offers a means to make ends meet for the urban poor. Especially in an area where the poor suffer from cramped living conditions, the street offers an open communal space for residents to conduct the business of life. Hawkers and street merchants have long been a cornerstone of street life in Hong Kong, but this heterogeneity is diminishing as the government moves to sanitize the streets and regulate the use of public spaces. Under threat is the unique density of social life on the streets of Sham Shui Po as gentrification through urban renewal ushers in sanitized residential complexes and corporate shopping centers. The locals who participate in the secondhand markets are asserting a claim on public space and attempting to create entrepreneurial opportunities for themselves in a global economy that discounts their participation and an urban landscape that discourages their presence.
Gold Deposited Plant Leaves for SERS: Role of Surface Morphology, Wettability and Deposition Technique in Determining the Enhancement Factor and Sensitivity of Detection
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Kumar Suneel , Jaiswal Amit , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFabrication of eco‐friendly, low cost, sensitive and reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates is of utmost importance for chemical and biological analysis. In this regard, we fabricated plant leaf based substrates by depositing gold nanoparticles onto the leaf surfaces of different plants. The naturally occurring micro/nanostructures on the surface of the plant leaves influences the deposition of Au nanoparticles and leads to the formation of electromagnetic hot spots. The fabricated leaf based substrates were compared for its performance with the substrates where the leaf surfaces were sputter coated with Au plasma. It was observed that the surface morphologies of different leaf surfaces tend to influence the performance of the substrates. Upon comparison of the enhancement factors obtained from the different substrates, a qualitative correlation between the surface morphology and wettability of the leaf surface with performance can be established. In the drop casted samples, the Au nanoparticles got clustered nicely in three‐dimensional nanofold structures present on the leaf surfaces and the obtained SERS intensity could be directly correlated to the wettability (hydrophobicity) of the leaf substrates. Further, we demonstrated that the designed substrate can be used for sensitive analysis of a Raman active analyte up to sub nanomolar concentrations.
Amberlite IR 120H+ Catalyzed N‐C/C‐N Coupled Cylization Strategy to Give Imidazoles: Design and Fabrication of Organic Nanomaterial with AFM Imaging
Authors: Chakraborty Mithun , Deb Barnali , Dey Bapi , Hussain Syed Arshad , Maiti Dilip K. , Majumdar Swapan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSustainable and highly efficient one‐pot multicomponent syntheses of functionalized imidazole derivatives were described using benzil, aldehydes, ammonium acetate/or amines in the presence of Amberlite IR 120H+. The products were obtained in the short period of time with high yields through the chromatography‐free procedure. The catalyst could be recycled due to its insolubility in most of the solvents and reused without any noticeable decrease in its catalytic activity. The novel strategy was exploited for synthesis of a designed substituted imidazole, fabrication of its nanostructured materials on LB films and AFM imaging.
Electron Delocalization in Electron‐Deficient Alkenes and Push‐Pull Alkenes
Authors: Džambaski Zdravko , Baranac‐Stojanović Marija 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe have studied π electron delocalization in electron‐deficient alkenes and push‐pull alkenes by means of natural bond orbital analysis at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level. The study revealed that the rarely mentioned π electron donation from an electron‐accepting group (Acc) toward the C=C double bond in push‐pull alkenes and electron‐deficient alkenes can provide up to 10 % of total π electron stabilizing energy of a push‐pull system and as much as 45 % in a strongly electron‐deficient tetracyanoethene. The Acc → C=C bond π electron donation is more intense in s‐trans than in s‐cis conformational arrangement, but is less dependent on Z/E isomerism in push‐pull alkenes, being slightly more pronounced in Z isomers. Among different Acc substituents, CN and COO‐ groups contribute the largest percent of stabilizing energy and NO2 the smallest. Increase in the number of Acc groups increases percentage contribution of Acc → C=C bond π electron delocalization to a system stabilization. A difference in π*C=C orbital occupancy between isomers can be related with their chemical reactivity.
Rare Examples of Biomimicking Molybdenum(VI) Catalysed Peroxidative Bromination of the Organic Substrates that Coordinate to the Oxido‐Diperoxido Mo(VI) Centre
Authors: Patra Swarup , Mukherjea Kalyan K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe two novel oxido‐diperoxido molybdate(VI) complexes [MoO(O2)2{BHPPM]. PPh4 (1) [BHPPM=5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)methanone] and [MoO(O2)2 {DBHPPM}]. PPh4 (2) [DBHPPM=3,5‐dibromo‐2‐hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)methanone] with 2‐hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)methanone and 2‐hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)methanoneoximato ligands have been synthesized by adding methanolic solution of the ligand to the pale yellow solution obtained by dissolving molybdic acid in hydrogen peroxide and precipitating the complexes using tetraphenylphosphonium bromide. The complexes were characterized by IR, UV‐vis, Mass, CHN, molar conductance, magnetic moment, mass and 1H NMR spectro‐ scopic methods. Molecular structure of oxido‐diperoxidomolybdate(VI) (1) and (2) were established by X‐ray crystallography. The ligand first coordinates to the molybdenum(VI) in presence of hydrogen peroxide, thereafter, molybdate(VI) catalysed peroxidative bromination of the ligand takes place during the synthesis of the oxido‐diperoxidomolybdate(VI) complexes with the above in situ generated brominated ligands.
Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions
Authors: Menon Anoop R. , Yao Dennis A. 
Published: January 2017

Research summary: This article proposes an approach for modeling competitive interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing strategy. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term “repositioning costs,” are particularly relevant to competitive interactions involving major changes to business strategies. Repositioning costs can critically affect competitive dynamics and, consequently, the implications of strategic interaction for strategic choice. While the literature broadly recognizes the importance of such costs, game‐theoretic treatments of major strategic change, with very limited exceptions, have not addressed them meaningfully. We advocate greater recognition of repositioning costs and illustrate with two simple models how repositioning costs may facilitate differentiation and affect the value of a firm's capability to reduce repositioning costs through investments in flexibility.Managerial summary: This article illustrates how the decision to make a strategic change is affected by both the cost to the firm of making the various strategy modifications, as well as the cost to its rivals of changing their strategies in response. These “repositioning costs” are important because they shape the responses each competitor would likely make to a move by the other competitor, and should be anticipated when considering an initial change to one's own strategy. The paper shows how repositioning costs can be used strategically to facilitate differentiation, and to assess the value of potential investments in flexibility. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kennwerte neuer und abgenutzter Kranschienen für die Bemessung von Kranbahnträgern
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Mämpel Silvio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAbhängig von der konstruktiven Durchbildung kann bei der Bemessung von Kranbahnträgern die statische Wirkung der Kranschiene in Ansatz gebracht werden. Dabei ist gemäß DIN EN 1993‐6 (Eurocode 3, Teil 6) im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit eine Abnutzung des Schienenkopfes von 25 % und im Zusammenhang mit Ermüdungsnachweisen ein Verschleiß von 12,5 % zu berücksichtigen. In der Literatur finden sich verschiedene Angaben bezüglich der Querschnittswerte neuer und abgenutzter Kranschienen, die teilweise mit gewissen Abweichungen voneinander verbunden sind. Mit diesem Beitrag soll eine Klarstellung sowie erstmalig eine Zusammenstellung sämtlicher Werte erfolgen, die bei der Anwendung von DIN EN 1993‐6 hilfreich sein können. Ein Bedarf hierzu konnte durch eine verstärkte Nachfrage sowohl aus der Baupraxis als auch aus dem wissenschaftlichen Bereich festgestellt werden.
Pre‐eclampsia: an important risk factor for asymptomatic heart failure
Authors: Ghossein‐Doha C. , van Neer J. , Wissink B. , Breetveld N. M. , de Windt L. J. , van Dijk A. P. J. , van der Vlugt M. J. , Janssen M. C. H. , Heidema W. M. , Scholten R. R. , Spaanderman M. E. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesPre‐eclampsia (PE) is associated with both postpartum structural asymptomatic heart disease (i.e. heart failure Stage B (HF‐B)) and conventional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the extent to which PE, adjusted for conventional CV risk factors, is associated independently with asymptomatic cardiac abnormalities postpartum.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional cohort study, 107 formerly pre‐eclamptic women and 41 women with uneventful previous pregnancy (controls) were invited for CV risk assessment 4–10 years postpartum. This included cardiac ultrasound, blood pressure (BP) measurement and evaluation of metabolic syndrome determinants. Asymptomatic structural and functional cardiac abnormalities were classified as HF‐B, according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Prehypertension was defined as systolic BP of 120–139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80–89 mmHg. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to calculate associations of PE and conventional risk factors with HF‐B.ResultsThe prevalence of asymptomatic HF‐B was approximately 3.5‐fold higher in the PE group compared with controls (25% vs 7%, P < 0.01); 67% of this group had concentric remodeling and 22% had mildly impaired ejection fraction. After adjustment for postpartum interval, hypertension and high‐density lipoprotein, PE was significantly associated with HF‐B (adjusted odds ratio, 4.4 (95% CI, 1.0–19.1)). Moreover, in the formerly pre‐eclamptic group, prehypertension was associated significantly with HF‐B (odds ratio, 4.3 (95% CI, 1.4–12.7)), while metabolic syndrome determinants were not.ConclusionPE is associated with a four‐fold increased female‐specific risk of asymptomatic cardiac abnormalities. Prehypertension apparently increases this risk significantly, while metabolic syndrome determinants do not. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Public Sector Employment Inequality in the United States and the Great Recession
Authors: Laird Jennifer 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Historically in the United States, the public sector has served as an equalizing institution through the expansion of job opportunities for minority workers. This study examines whether the public sector continues to serve as an equalizing institution in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Using data from the Current Population Survey, I investigate changes in public sector employment between 2003 and 2013. My results point to a post-recession double disadvantage for black public sector workers: they are concentrated in a shrinking sector of the economy, and they are more likely than white and Hispanic public sector workers to experience job loss. These two trends are a historical break for the public sector labor market. I find that race and ethnicity gaps in public sector employment cannot be explained by differences in education, occupation, or any of the other measurable factors that are typically associated with employment. Among unemployed workers who most recently worked for the public sector, black women are the least likely to transition into private sector employment.
Enhancing Clinical Research Professionals’ Training and Qualifications (ECRPTQ): Recommendations for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) training for investigators and study coordinators
Authors: Shanley Thomas P. , Calvin-Naylor Nancy A. , Divecha Ruthvick , Wartak Michelle M. , Blackwell Karen , Davis Jonathan M. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Kieburtz Karl , Koziel Margaret J. , Luzuriaga Katherine , Maddox Jennifer , Needler Nancy A. , Murphy Susan , Pemberton Kieran , Radovich Catherine , Rubinstein Eric P. , Selker Harry P. , Tenaerts Pamela , Unsworth Kelly , Wilson Kay , Wright Jonelle E. , Barohn Richard 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionThe translation of discoveries to drugs, devices, and behavioral interventions requires well-prepared study teams. Execution of clinical trials remains suboptimal due to varied quality in design, execution, analysis, and reporting. A critical impediment is inconsistent, or even absent, competency-based training for clinical trial personnel.MethodsIn 2014, the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) funded the project, Enhancing Clinical Research Professionals’ Training and Qualifications (ECRPTQ), aimed at addressing this deficit. The goal was to ensure all personnel are competent to execute clinical trials. A phased structure was utilized.ResultsThis paper focuses on training recommendations in Good Clinical Practice (GCP). Leveraging input from all Clinical and Translational Science Award hubs, the following was recommended to NCATS: all investigators and study coordinators executing a clinical trial should understand GCP principles and undergo training every 3 years, with the training method meeting the minimum criteria identified by the International Conference on Harmonisation GCP.ConclusionsWe anticipate that industry sponsors will acknowledge such training, eliminating redundant training requests. We proposed metrics to be tracked that required further study. A separate task force was composed to define recommendations for metrics to be reported to NCATS.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shah Maully 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common, inherited heart disease with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and natural history. Recently, advances in diagnosis and treatment options have been instrumental in decreasing the frequency of adverse clinical events; however, complete elimination of sudden cardiac death still remains an elusive gain. This article discusses several aspects of this condition in the young: epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, risk factors, prevention of sudden cardiac death, and risks of athletic participation.
How to develop and execute a public health agenda: From grass roots to legislation
Authors: Berger Stuart 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent experiences with lay public cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of ambulatory external defibrillators have been demonstrated to improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests from an abysmal 10% or less to as high as 30%. Though rare, sudden cardiac arrest in presumably healthy young people have been highly publicised over the last 25 years and have motivated the institution of school- and community-based programmes that facilitate first-responder resuscitation, including defibrillation. These efforts often begin at a grass roots level (usually parent-inspired advocacy groups) and through collaborative activities involving the schools, local businesses, and local administrative agencies are now having a meaningful impact in selected communities. The current focus of these activities is on school- and sports venue-based ambulatory external defibrillator programmes and formal cardiopulmonary resuscitation education in high schools. The extension of these programmes to the level of state mandates has been slower, and even when enacted, public funding has usually not been approved.
Behavioural and emotional implications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the young and in athletes
Authors: Dechert Brynn E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite the life-saving capabilities of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, they may have implications on behavioural and emotional well-being and have been shown to negatively affect patients’ psychosocial functioning. Children and CHD patients with these devices are at higher risk for complications, and therefore may have higher risk of psychosocial dysfunction including depression, anxiety, and a decrease in overall quality of life. In addition, these patients may be restricted from activities, which may also contribute to psychosocial dysfunction. Recommendations published in 2015 support a more liberal approach to athletic participation in this patient population compared with previous guidelines. Approaches to limit psychosocial dysfunction include education, minimisation of shocks, and psychosocial therapy. Psychosocial dysfunction should be assessed at each clinic visit, and information regarding intervention should be provided to patients and their families as needed. Psychosocial dysfunction may be debilitating, and healthcare providers should facilitate and support normal psychosocial function by offering resources as needed.
Shift in fungal communities and associated enzyme activities along an age gradient of managed Pinus sylvestris stands
Authors: Kyaschenko Julia , Clemmensen Karina E , Hagenbo Andreas , Karltun Erik , Lindahl Björn D 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Forestry reshapes ecosystems with respect to tree age structure, soil properties and vegetation composition. These changes are likely to be paralleled by shifts in microbial community composition with potential feedbacks on ecosystem functioning. Here, we assessed fungal communities across a chronosequence of managed Pinus sylvestris stands and investigated correlations between taxonomic composition and extracellular enzyme activities. Not surprisingly, clear-cutting had a negative effect on ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance and diversity. In contrast, clear-cutting favoured proliferation of saprotrophic fungi correlated with enzymes involved in holocellulose decomposition. During stand development, the re-establishing ectomycorrhizal fungal community shifted in composition from dominance by Atheliaceae in younger stands to Cortinarius and Russula species in older stands. Late successional ectomycorrhizal taxa correlated with enzymes involved in mobilisation of nutrients from organic matter, indicating intensified nutrient limitation. Our results suggest that maintenance of functional diversity in the ectomycorrhizal fungal community may sustain long-term forest production by retaining a capacity for symbiosis-driven recycling of organic nutrient pools.
Resilient cooperators stabilize long-run cooperation in the finitely repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma
Authors: Mao Andrew , Dworkin Lili , Suri Siddharth , Watts Duncan J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLearning in finitely repeated games of cooperation remains poorly understood in part because their dynamics play out over a timescale exceeding that of traditional lab experiments. Here, we report results of a virtual lab experiment in which 94 subjects play up to 400 ten-round games of Prisoner’s Dilemma over the course of twenty consecutive weekdays. Consistent with previous work, the typical round of first defection moves earlier for several days; however, this unravelling process stabilizes after roughly one week. Analysing individual strategies, we find that approximately 40% of players behave as resilient cooperators who avoid unravelling even at significant cost to themselves. Finally, using a standard learning model we predict that a sufficiently large minority of resilient cooperators can permanently stabilize unravelling among a majority of rational players. These results shed hopeful light on the long-term dynamics of cooperation, and demonstrate the importance of long-run experiments.