bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gluttony and guilt: monthly trends in internet search query data are comparable with national-level energy intake and dieting behavior
Authors: Coogan Sean , Sui Zhixian , Raubenheimer David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSystems for monitoring population-level diet and nutritional intake have been considered insufficient across many countries. Recently, internet search query data have been used to examine spatial and temporal patterns of public behavior to inform public-health campaigns, policies, and interventions. Seasonal trends in public interest in behavioral change associated with obesity have been documented using such data. However, it has not been validated whether search query data can be related to diet and nutritional intake at the population level. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether trends in search query data related to behavioral changes associated with obesity reflects population nutritional intake and dieting behavior. First, long-term (2004 to 2016) trends in Australian Google search behavior were examined for the terms “weight loss”, “diet”, and “fitness” to establish monthly patterns in relative search volume (RSV). Second, monthly total energy (kJ), macronutrient, and food intake of the Australian population, and the percentage of self-reported dieters, were quantified using data collected as part of a 2011–2012 national-level survey. The two independent data sets were then compared to ascertain similarities in trends. There were distinct patterns in RSV across months, which was significantly higher than the mean during January, and lower during December, for all search terms. The decline in RSV was not linear, however, as there were significantly lower RSVs for terms during May to July, and significantly higher from August to October. Likewise, nutritional data showed a seasonal pattern, with the energy intake of survey participants highest in December and lowest in February, and the percentage of self-reported dieters closely followed monthly patterns in RSV. The proportion of energy from protein was consistent across months examined; however, energy from lipid and carbohydrate + fiber, was variable between months. Likewise, consumption patterns of different food groups was variable across months. Our analysis suggests that search query data can be used to surveil and predict dietary behavior at the population level, which has implications for producing novel and contemporaneous health information and marketing strategies.
Impaired lymphoid extracellular matrix impedes antibacterial immunity in epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Nyström Alexander , Bornert Olivier , Kühl Tobias , Gretzmeier Christine , Thriene Kerstin , Dengjel Jörn , Pfister-Wartha Andrea , Kiritsi Dimitra , Bruckner-Tuderman Leena 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceWe describe a unique role for the lymphoid extracellular matrix in maintaining systemic innate immunity. Our findings are based on studies of the genetic skin disorder recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in which affected individuals display dramatically increased bacterial colonization of skin and mucosa. We show that the increased colonization is a consequence of loss of the protein at fault—collagen VII—from the lymphoid extracellular matrix. Our study describes an intrinsic innate immune defect resulting from a genetic connective tissue disease. Hence, the data will have broad implications for deciphering the hitherto-underestimated regulatory role of the extracellular matrix in lymphoid organs and for the understanding of pathomechanisms in disorders of the extracellular matrix.
Unarticulated constituents and neo-Gricean pragmatics
Authors: Huang Yan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the concept of unarticulated constitutes has generated a fierce debate both in the philosophy of language and in linguistic semantics and pragmatics. By unarticulated constituent is meant a propositional (or conceptual) constituent of a sentence that is communicated by the speaker in uttering that sentence, but is not linguistically represented in that uttered sentence. The main aim of this article is to provide a neo-Gricean pragmatic analysis of unarticulated constituents, showing that the current existing mechanism of neo-Gricean pragmatic theory can handle unarticulated constituents in a straightforward and elegant way. Second, I defend the neo-Gricean position that the pragmatic enrichment of unarticulated constituents is nothing but a neo-Gricean, pre-semantic conversational implicature. And third and finally, I briefly evaluate an alternative, formal syntactico-semantic analysis of unarticulated constituents.
Arabic synthetic compounds
Authors: Al-Dobaian Abdullah S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses some data of Arabic synthetic compounds in which regular plural inflection is included inside compounds. These data pose problems to Kiparsky’s (1982) level-ordering lexical morphology model and Li’s (1990) generalization on verb incorporation. I argue that such compounds are lexically formed based on some pieces of evidence. To support the analysis, I compare the compounds and the construct state constructions in Arabic and Hebrew. Then I show that the lexical analysis explains the morphological, syntactic properties, and the semantics of Arabic synthetic compounds. More specifically, I explain how the lexical analysis applies to theta-role assignment inside the compound and then discuss the number specification of the non-head in the compound of Arabic and English.
The scope of even
Authors: Shyu Shu-ing 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
One of the issues in the study of even is concerned with the ambiguous scope interpretations contributed by the focus adverb even. There have been two main camps: the lexical approach and the scope approach. Unlike English, which does not have distinct lexical items for even, Mandarin Chinese (Chinese hereafter) utilizes two constructions to express the notion of even: (1) The lian … dou ‘including … all’ construction, and (2) focus adverbs, such as shenzhi. This paper aims to demonstrate that the lian … dou construction expresses the typical implicatures in even sentences predicted by the scope theory. The seemingly deviant cases that have been argued for a lexical NPI even by Rooth, however, either are not construed in lian … dou sentences or are possibly rendered in shenzhi sentences provided by the pragmatic accommodation of existential presuppositions. In particular, dou syntactically marks focus scope and quantifies over a focus domain consisting of the focused phrase and its alternatives in presupposition. The results of this study thus shed further light on the general discussion of even in the sense that: on the one hand, the scope theory can make the right predictions, as evidenced by lian … dou; and, on the other hand, pragmatic scalar inference of the existential implicatures should be taken into consideration. Ultimately the expression of even manifests interfaces of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Diseases, viruses, insects, and weeds of blackberries and their hybrids.
Authors: Schilder A. C. , Hall H. K. , Tzanetakis I. E. , Funt R. C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the susceptibilty of blackberries and their hybrids to a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses and insect pests. The importance of the control or elimination of these pathogens in the development and management of a commercial block of blackberries and in insuring the longevity of the planting, quality and quantity of the fruits, long-term plant survival and the overall success of the production venture are also discussed.
Marketing of blackberries.
Authors: Nonnecke G. , Duffy M. , Funt R. C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the various aspects of the marketing of the highly perishable blackberry fruits. Some variables that are controlled by the grower, such as the value of the fruit (price), quality, form and packaging associated with the fruit and its sales (product), publicity to sell the product (promotion and advertisement) and location of the distribution and sales, are also discussed.
Regulation of innate immunity within the bovine endometrium during infection.
Authors: Oguejiofor C. F. , Cheng ZhangRui Cheng ZhangRui , Wathes D. C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The innate immune response of the endometrium is crucial to achieve early and quick defence against pathogenic organisms that invade the reproductive tract and the uterus, before the adaptive immune response which develops much later. This early innate response is important to avoid the development of uterine disease that impacts negatively on fertility. This review is focused on the regulation of innate immunity within the bovine endometrium during infection. Although a phagocytic barrier to infection is provided by leucocytes, many recent studies have increasingly recognized the important roles of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in early microbial detection, cellular and inter-cellular signalling, and secretion of immune/inflammatory mediators that can promote leucocyte recruitment and migration to the uterus and endometrium. Components of the endometrial innate immune response involve an increase in the expression of inflammatory products and innate immune mediators including antimicrobial peptides, mucins, pro-inflammatory cytokines including chemokines, acute phase proteins, type I interferons and prostaglandins. However, endometrial innate immunity can be influenced by many factors including infection with a number of pathogenic bacteria, viruses such as bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpes virus-4; fluctuating levels of the ovarian steroid hormones oestradiol and progesterone; and periparturient changes in body metabolism involving energy substrates and metabolites, metabolic hormones and protein metabolites. This review highlights the recent understandings on how these factors may regulate the endometrial innate immunity, although some of the underlying mechanisms are not yet clearly defined.
Characterization of tetrathionate hydrolase from the marine acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain SH
Authors: Kanao Tadayoshi , Onishi Moe , Kajitani Yasuyuki , Hashimoto Yuki , Toge Tatsuya , Kikukawa Hiroshi , Kamimura Kazuo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Tetrathionate hydrolase (4THase), a key enzyme of the S4-intermediate (S4I) pathway, was partially purified from marine acidophilic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain SH, and the gene encoding this enzyme (SH-tth) was identified. SH-Tth is a homodimer with a molecular mass of 97 ± 3 kDa, and contains a subunit 52 kDa in size. Enzyme activity was stimulated in the presence of 1 M NaCl, and showed the maximum at pH 3.0. Although 4THases from A. thiooxidans and the closely related Acidithiobacillus caldus strain have been reported to be periplasmic enzymes, SH-Tth seems to be localized on the outer membrane of the cell, and acts as a peripheral protein. Furthermore, both 4THase activity and SH-Tth proteins were detected in sulfur-grown cells of strain SH. These results suggested that SH-Tth is involved in elemental sulfur-oxidation, which is distinct from sulfur-oxidation in other sulfur-oxidizing strains such as A. thiooxidans and A. caldus.
Preparation and Adsorption Property of Imido-acetic Acid Type Chelating Nano-fibers by Electro-spinning Technique
Authors: Yang Jiali , Lu Lansi , Zhang Zhu , Liao Minhui , He Huirong , Li Lingxing , Chen Jida , Chen Shijin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel nano-fibrous adsorbent from imino-acetic acid (IDA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixture solution was prepared by electro-spinning technique. The nano-fibrous adsorbents with imino-acetic acid functional groups were characterized and demonstrated by fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the adsorbents to remove heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) ions from the aqueous solution was studied. The maximum adsorption percentage (SP) of the metal ions can reach 93.08% for Cu (II) and 96.69% for Pb(II), respectively. Furthermore, it shows that the adsorption procedure of the adsorbents is spontaneous and endothermic, and adsorption rate fits well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Most importantly, the reusability of the nanofibers for removal of metal ions was also demonstrated to be used at least five times.
Artificial intelligence in drug combination therapy
Authors: Tsigelny Igor F 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCurrently, the development of medicines for complex diseases requires the development of combination drug therapies. It is necessary because in many cases, one drug cannot target all necessary points of intervention. For example, in cancer therapy, a physician often meets a patient having a genomic profile including more than five molecular aberrations. Drug combination therapy has been an area of interest for a while, for example the classical work of Loewe devoted to the synergism of drugs was published in 1928—and it is still used in calculations for optimal drug combinations. More recently, over the past several years, there has been an explosion in the available information related to the properties of drugs and the biomedical parameters of patients. For the drugs, hundreds of 2D and 3D molecular descriptors for medicines are now available, while for patients, large data sets related to genetic/proteomic and metabolomics profiles of the patients are now available, as well as the more traditional data relating to the histology, history of treatments, pretreatment state of the organism, etc. Moreover, during disease progression, the genetic profile can change. Thus, the ability to optimize drug combinations for each patient is rapidly moving beyond the comprehension and capabilities of an individual physician. This is the reason, that biomedical informatics methods have been developed and one of the more promising directions in this field is the application of artificial intelligence (AI). In this review, we discuss several AI methods that have been successfully implemented in several instances of combination drug therapy from HIV, hypertension, infectious diseases to cancer. The data clearly show that the combination of rule-based expert systems with machine learning algorithms may be promising direction in this field.
CGManalyzer: an R package for analyzing continuous glucose monitoring studies
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua Douglas , Zhang Zhaozhi , Wang Dandan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Summary
The R package CGManalyzer contains functions for analyzing data from a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) study. It covers a wide and comprehensive range of data analysis methods including reading a series of datasets, obtaining summary statistics of glucose levels, plotting data, transforming the time stamp format, fixing missing values, evaluating the mean of daily difference and continuous overlapping net glycemic action, calculating multiscale sample entropy, conducting pairwise comparison, displaying results using various plots including a new type of plot called an antenna plot, etc. This package has been developed from our work in directly analyzing data from various CGM devices such as the FreeStyle Libre, Glutalor, Dexcom and Medtronic CGM. Thus, this package should greatly facilitate the analysis of various CGM studies.

Availability and implementation
The package for Windows is available from CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html. The source file CGManalyzer_1.0.tar.gz is available in the Supplementary Material and at the website of Zhang’s lab https://quantitativelab.fhs.umac.mo/analytic-tool/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characteristics of Primary Care Physicians Associated With High Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Volume
Authors: Fleming-Dutra Katherine E , Bartoces Monina , Roberts Rebecca M , Hicks Lauri A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Our objective was to identify characteristics associated with high-volume antibiotic prescribing among office-based primary care physicians to target antibiotic stewardship efforts. Physicians aged 40 years and older who were male, located in the South, and in solo or 2-physician practices prescribed higher volumes of antibiotics than their peers by specialty.
Who Gets Ahead and Who Falls Behind During the Transition to High School? Academic Performance at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Authors: Sutton April , Langenkamp Amy G , Muller Chandra , Schiller Kathryn S 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Academic stratification during educational transitions may be maintained, disrupted, or exacerbated. This study marks the first to use national data to investigate how the transition to high school (re)shapes academic status at the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender. We seek to identify the role of the high school transition in shaping racial/ethnic and gender stratification by contextualizing students’ academic declines during the high school transition within the longer window of their educational careers. Using Add Health, we find that white and black boys experience the greatest drops in their grade point averages (GPAs). We also find that the maintenance of high academic grades between the eighth and ninth grades varies across racial/ethnic and gender subgroups; higher-achieving middle school black boys experience the greatest academic declines. Importantly, we find that white and black boys also faced academic declines before the high school transition, whereas their female student peers experienced academic declines only during the transition to high school. We advance current knowledge on educational stratification by identifying the transition to high school as a juncture in which boys’ academic disadvantage widens and high-achieving black boys lose their academic status at the high school starting gate. Our study also underscores the importance of adopting an intersectional framework that considers both race/ethnicity and gender. Given the salience of high school grades for students’ long-term success, we discuss the implications of this study for racial/ethnic and gender stratification during and beyond high school.
Autism spectrum disorder in primary care
Authors: Weill Victoria A. , Zavodny Stefanie , Souders Margaret C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:
Nurse practitioners working in the primary care setting will commonly see children with autism spectrum disorder. It is important for clinicians to be vigilant for subtle developmental signs that can lead to early identification and diagnosis. This article presents information on assessment, screening, the responsibilities of coordinating services, and ways to support families.
Relaxation before Debriefing during High-fidelity Simulation Improves Memory Retention of Residents at Three Months
Authors: Lilot Marc , Evain Jean-Noel , Bauer Christian , Cejka Jean-Christophe , Faure Alexandre , Balança Baptiste , Vassal Olivia , Payet Cécile , Bui Xuan Bernard , Duclos Antoine , Lehot Jean-Jacques , Rimmelé Thomas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
High-fidelity simulation is known to improve participant learning and behavioral performance. Simulation scenarios generate stress that affects memory retention and may impact future performance. The authors hypothesized that more participants would recall three or more critical key messages at three months when a relaxation break was performed before debriefing of critical event scenarios.

Methods
Each resident actively participated in one scenario and observed another. Residents were randomized in two parallel-arms. The intervention was a 5-min standardized relaxation break immediately before debriefing; controls had no break before debriefing. Five scenario-specific messages were read aloud by instructors during debriefings. Residents were asked by telephone three months later to recall the five messages from their two scenarios, and were scored for each scenario by blinded investigators. The primary endpoint was the number of residents participating actively who recalled three or more messages. Secondary endpoints included: number of residents observing who recalled three or more messages, anxiety level, and debriefing quality.

Results
In total, 149 residents were randomized and included. There were 52 of 73 (71%) residents participating actively who recalled three or more messages at three months in the intervention group versus 35 of 76 (46%) among controls (difference: 25% [95% CI, 10 to 40%], P = 0.004). No significant difference was found between groups for observers, anxiety or debriefing quality.

Conclusions
There was an additional 25% of active participants who recalled the critical messages at three months when a relaxation break was performed before debriefing of scenarios. Benefits of relaxation to enhance learning should be considered for medical education.
Lack of Early Improvement Predicts Poor Outcome Following Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yogendrakumar Vignan , Smith Eric E. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Aviv Richard I. , Rodriguez-Luna David , Molina Carlos A. , Silva Blas Yolanda , Dzialowski Imanuel , Kobayashi Adam , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Lum Cheemun , Gubitz Gord , Padma Vasantha , Roy Jayanta , Kase Carlos S. , Bhatia Rohit , Ali Myzoon , Lyden Patrick , Hill Michael D. , Dowlatshahi Dar 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
There are limited data as to what degree of early neurologic change best relates to outcome in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to derive and validate a threshold for early postintracerebral hemorrhage change that best predicts 90-day outcomes.

Design:
Derivation: retrospective analysis of collated clinical stroke trial data (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive). Validation: retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study (Prediction of haematoma growth and outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage using the CT-angiography spot sign [PREDICT]).

Setting:
Neurocritical and ICUs.

Patients:
Patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage presenting less than 6 hours. Derivation: 552 patients; validation: 275 patients.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We generated a receiver operating characteristic curve for the association between 24-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale change and clinical outcome. The primary outcome was a modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6 at 90 days; secondary outcomes were other modified Rankin Scale score ranges (modified Rankin Scale, 2–6, 3–6, 5–6, 6). We employed Youden’s J Index to select optimal cut points and calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. We determined independent predictors via multivariable logistic regression. The derived definitions were validated in the PREDICT cohort. Twenty-four–hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale change was strongly associated with 90-day outcome with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75. Youden’s method showed an optimum cut point at –0.5, corresponding to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale change of greater than or equal to 0 (a lack of clinical improvement), which was seen in 46%. Early neurologic change accurately predicted poor outcome when defined as greater than or equal to 0 (sensitivity, 65%; specificity, 73%; positive predictive value, 70%; adjusted odds ratio, 5.05 [CI, 3.25–7.85]) or greater than or equal to 4 (sensitivity, 19%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 91%; adjusted odds ratio, 12.24 [CI, 4.08–36.66]). All definitions reproduced well in the validation cohort.

Conclusions:
Lack of clinical improvement at 24 hours robustly predicted poor outcome and showed good discrimination for individual patients who would do poorly. These findings are useful for prognostication and may also present as a potential early surrogate outcome for future intracerebral hemorrhage treatment trials.