bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐fat diet negatively affects rat sperm mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Ferramosca A. , Conte A. , Moscatelli N. , Zara V. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryRecent evidences have linked abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia to male infertility. Since a defective energy metabolism may play an important role in the impairment of sperm quality, the aim of this study is to investigate the sperm energetic metabolism in rats fed with a high‐fat diet, an animal model associated with metabolic syndrome development. Sexually mature male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups and fed for 4 weeks a standard diet (control group) or a diet enriched in 35% of fat (high fat group). Liver and adipose tissue weight, plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations were determined. Activities of enzymes involved in sperm energetic metabolism were evaluated by spectrophotometric assays. Sperm mitochondrial respiratory activity was evaluated with a polarographic assay of oxygen consumption. The administration of a high‐fat diet caused a significant increase in body weight of rats and provoked hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. In these animals, we also observed a reduction in sperm concentration and motility. The investigation of sperm energetic metabolism in animals fed a high‐fat diet revealed an impairment in the activity of pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and respiratory chain complexes. A parallel reduction in the cellular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and an increase in oxidative damage were also observed. A defective energy metabolism may play an important role in the impairment of sperm quality in the high‐fat diet fed rats.
Management of malignant colorectal polyps in New Zealand
Authors: Fischer Jesse , Dobbs Bruce , Dixon Liane , Eglinton Tim W. , Wakeman Christopher J. , Frizelle Frank A. ,   on behalf of the New Zealand Malignant Polyp Study (NZ MAPS) group
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe management of colorectal polyps containing a focus of malignancy is problematic, and the risks of under‐ and over‐treatment must be balanced. The primary aim of this study was to describe the management and outcomes of patients with malignant polyps in the New Zealand population; the secondary aim was to investigate prognostic factors.MethodsRetrospective review of relevant clinical records at five New Zealand District Health Boards.ResultsOut of the 414 patients identified, 51 patients were excluded because of the presence of other relevant colorectal pathology, leaving 363 patients for analysis. Of these, 182 had a polypectomy, and 181 had a bowel resection as definitive treatment. The overall 5‐year survival was not altered with resection but was improved with re‐excision of any form (repeat polypectomy or bowel resection). There were 110 rectal lesions and 253 colonic lesions. A total of 16% of patients who had resection after polypectomy were found to have residual cancer in the resected specimen. Ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metastatic disease were found to negatively impact overall survival (P < 0.001). Resection was more likely to follow polypectomy if polypectomy margins were positive, fragmentation occurred for sessile lesions and for pedunculated lesions with a higher Haggitt level.ConclusionPolypectomy is oncologically safe in selected patients. Re‐excision improves overall survival and should be considered in patients with low comorbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists score 1 and 2) and where there is concern about margins (sessile lesions and positive polypectomy margins). In the majority of patients, however, no residual disease is found.
Plasma citrulline measurement in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia
Authors: Kulu Rıdvan , Akyildiz Hizir , Akcan Alper , Oztürk Ahmet , Sozuer Erdogan 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe differential diagnosis in acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is essential and sometimes life‐saving. A marker for early diagnosis is lacking. Citrulline is an amino acid mainly synthesized by small bowel enterocytes from glutamine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of citrulline with those of the D‐dimer in patients with AMI.MethodsThe patients were divided into two groups; group 1: patients with acute abdominal findings which were attributed preoperatively to AMI, and group 2: patients with acute abdominal findings which were attributed preoperatively to causes other than AMI. All patients underwent surgical exploration. Blood samples were taken before surgery. The demographic features, laboratory examinations, citrulline concentration, D‐dimer level and surgical findings were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 48 patients were enrolled in the study. AMI was diagnosed in 23 of the 48 patients. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to gender, leucocyte count and creatinine levels but group 1 was significantly older than group 2. Citrulline, D‐dimer and lactate levels were also significantly higher in group 1. Age, lactate, D‐dimer and citrulline levels were statistically significant for mortality. The most significant factor was increased lactate level at admission.ConclusionPlasma citrulline level may be helpful in the diagnosis of patients with AMI.
Outcome of bridge to surgery stenting for obstructive left colon cancer
Authors: Kim Min Ki , Kye Bong‐Hyeon , Lee In Kyu , Oh Seong Taek , Ahn Chang Hyeok , Lee Yoon Suk , Lee Sang Chul , Kang Won‐Kyung 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe aim of our study was to compare short‐ and long‐term outcomes of stent insertion followed by surgery with those of emergency surgery for left colon malignant obstructions.MethodsThe medical records of patients who received curative resection due to obstructive primary left colon cancer and who were diagnosed with stage II or III from January 2004 to December 2010 in six hospitals affiliated with The Catholic University of Korea were reviewed. One hundred and twelve patients in self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) group were matched to 56 patients in the emergency surgery (ES) group using propensity score matching method. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were compared between the groups. Perioperative outcomes and pathologic results were also compared.ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups after matching. The analysis of perioperative outcomes showed short‐term advantages of stent insertion. Patients in the SEMS group were more likely (87.5 versus 75.0%, P = 0.049) to have a distal resection margin >5 cm. Harvesting ≥12 lymph nodes were more frequent (89.3 versus 71.4%, P = 0.007) in the SEMS group. Five‐year DFS was 69.5% in the SEMS group and 73.1% in the ES group (P = 0.464). Five‐year OS was not different between the groups (79.7 versus 77.7%, P = 0.989).Conclusions
SEMS can be a reasonable therapeutic option for malignant obstruction in patients with left colon cancer until definitive conclusion about the long‐term survival effect of SEMS is made from further large‐scale prospective randomized trials.
Continuation of pregnancy despite a diagnosis of severe fetal anomaly: a retrospective French study
Authors: Madeuf Amelie , Roman Horace , Verspyck Eric 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe diagnoses and outcomes when women choose to continue a pregnancy despite detection of severe fetal anomaly.Material and methodsRetrospective study from a French national registry between 2005 and 2009. Various indication groups were classified based on a scale incorporating mortality and morbidity outcomes. Risk factors for perinatal mortality and predictors of neonatal survival were determined by multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall number of pregnancies that continued after diagnosis of a severe fetal anomaly was 2266 (6.6%). The diagnoses were categorized into life‐limiting conditions (34.2%), serious disability anomaly (40.8%), potential intellectual disability (8.6%), other conditions (8.8%), and failure to classify (7.4%). During the study period, there was a significant increase in the number of women who continued pregnancy after their fetus was diagnosed with a life‐limiting condition (p= 0.03), and a decrease when the fetus was diagnosed with potential intellectual disability (p= 0.01). Pregnancy outcomes were intrauterine fetal death (17.4%), neonatal mortality (22.3%), neonatal survival (52.7%), or unknown (7.5%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis suggested an increased likelihood of neonatal survival among fetuses diagnosed with serious disability anomaly [59.8%, relative risk (RR) 4.1, 95%CI3.1–5.7], potential intellectual disability (74.4%,RR11.5, 95%CI6.2–21.2), and other conditions (80%,RR12.6, 95%CI5.7–27.9) compared with life‐limiting conditions (30.1%).ConclusionsAn increasing proportion of women chose to continue pregnancy after the fetus was diagnosed with a potentially life‐limiting condition; survival of children with these diagnoses is not uncommon.
Aflibercept vs. Ranibizumab: cost‐effectiveness of treatment for wet age‐related macular degeneration in Sweden
Authors: Panchmatia Hemangi R. , Clements Karen M. , Hulbert Erin , Eriksson Marianne , Wittrup‐Jensen Kim , Nilsson Jonas , Weinstein Milton C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeMonthly dosing with ranibizumab (RBZ) is needed to achieve maximal visual gains in patients with neovascular (‘wet’) age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD). In Sweden, dosing is performed as needed (RBZ PRN), resulting in suboptimal efficacy. Intravitreal aflibercept (IVT‐AFL) every 2 months after three initial monthly doses was clinically equivalent to RBZ monthly dosing (RBZ q4) in wAMD clinical trials. We assessed the cost‐effectiveness of IVT‐AFL versus RBZ q4 and RBZ PRN in Sweden.MethodsA Markov model compared IVT‐AFL to RBZ q4 or RBZ PRN over 2 years. Health states were based on visual acuity in better‐seeing eye; a proportion discontinued treatment monthly or upon visual acuity <20/400. Parameters were estimated from trial data, published literature or expert opinion. Analyses were performed from a societal perspective with a lifetime horizon. The model calculated costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs), discounted 3% annually. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsLifetime cost of IVT‐AFL was 578 400 SEK, compared with 565 700 SEK for RBZ PRN and 686 600 SEK for RBZ q4. Compared with RBZ PRN, the ICER of IVT‐AFL was 27 000 SEK/QALY gained. RBZ q4 cost 20.4 million SEK/QALY gained versus IVT‐AFL. Results were sensitive to IVT‐AFL efficacy, but IVT‐AFL had a 100% probability of being cost‐effective versus both RBZ PRN and RBZ q4 at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of 500 000 SEK.ConclusionResults suggest, in Sweden, at parity price level, IVT‐AFL is less costly than RBZ q4, while demonstrating similar efficacy; IVT‐AFL is cost‐effective versus RBZ PRN.
What colour are newborns' eyes? Prevalence of iris colour in the Newborn Eye Screening Test (NEST) study
Authors: Ludwig Cassie A. , Callaway Natalia F. , Fredrick Douglas R. , Blumenkranz Mark S. , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to assess the birth prevalence of iris colour among newborns in a prospective, healthy, full‐term newborn cohort.MethodsThe Newborn Eye Screening Test (NEST) study is a prospective cohort study conducted at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford University School of Medicine. A paediatric vitreoretinal specialist (DMM) reviewed images sent to the Byers Eye Institute telemedicine reading centre and recorded eye colour for every infant screened. Variables were graphed to assess for normality, and frequencies per subject were reported for eye colour, sex, ethnicity and race.ResultsAmong 192 subjects screened in the first year of the NEST study with external images of appropriate quality for visualization of the irides, the birth prevalence of iris colour was 63.0% brown, 20.8% blue, 5.7% green/hazel, 9.9% indeterminate and 0.5% partial heterochromia. The study population was derived from a quaternary care children's hospital. We report the birth prevalence of iris colour among full‐term newborns in a diverse prospective cohort.ConclusionThe study demonstrates a broad range of iris colour prevalence at birth with a predominance of brown iris coloration. Future studies with the NEST cohort will assess the change in iris colour over time and whether the frequencies of eye colour change as the child ages.
The outcomes of scleral buckling versus re‐vitrectomy for the treatment of recurrent inferior retinal detachment in silicone oil tamponade eyes
Authors: Wei Yong , Wu Guoji , Xu Kui , Wang Jianzhou , Zu Zhongqiao , Wang Rui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeIn this retrospective study we evaluated the anatomic outcomes of scleral buckling (SB) versus re‐vitrectomy for the treatment of recurrent inferior retinal detachment (RD) in silicone oil (SiO) tamponade eyes after primary vitrectomy.MethodsThere were 103 patients (103 eyes) enrolled in this study. All patients had recurrent inferior RD in the SiO‐filled eyes within 6 months after the primary vitrectomy, and were treated by either SB or re‐vitrectomy. Patients were divided into two groups based on different surgical procedures: the SB group (49 eyes) and the re‐vitrectomy group (54 eyes). Anatomic reattachment of the retina was measured after reoperation. Based on different retinal proliferation states in different postoperative periods after primary vitrectomy, we also compared the anatomic outcomes of the two surgical procedures in two specific postoperative periods, early period (≤1 month) and late period (1–6 months).ResultsThe SB and re‐vitrectomy groups exhibited similar retinal reattachment rate (65.3% versus 72.2%, p = 0.449) after reoperation. In the re‐vitrectomy group, the retinal reattachment rate was similar in the early period and the late period (70.8% versus 73.3%, p = 0.839). However, the retinal reattachment rate was significantly higher in the early period than that of the late period (80.8% versus 47.8%, p = 0.016) in the SB group. In the early surgery groups, the retinal reattachment rate was similar in the SB group compared to the re‐vitrectomy group (80.8% versus 70.8%, p = 0.411). While in the late surgery groups, retinal reattachment rate was trended higher in the re‐vitrectomy group compared to the SB group (73.3% versus 47.8%, p = 0.058).ConclusionFor recurrent inferior RD in SO‐filled eyes, SB surgery provides similar therapeutic effectiveness with satisfactory anatomic outcomes compared to the re‐vitrectomy. For eyes with recurrent inferior RD in the early period (≤1 month) after primary vitrectomy, SB surgery may be a better choice since it causes less complication; while in the late period (1–6 months) after primary vitrectomy, re‐vitrectomy may be recommended, especially for the eyes with severe anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal foreshortening.
Trends in penetrating and anterior lamellar corneal grafting techniques for keratoconus: a national registry study
Authors: Godefrooij Daniel A. , Gans Renze , Imhof Saskia M. , Wisse Robert P.L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeKeratoconus is a progressive disorder and one of the primary indications for corneal transplantation. Anterior lamellar keratoplasty offers several advantages over other techniques, including endothelial preservation and longer graft survival. In this study, we examined the recent trend of using lamellar techniques for keratoconus at a national level.MethodsData were obtained from the Dutch national organ transplant database regarding corneal transplants for keratoconus performed in 2005 through 2014. Baseline characteristics for patients undergoing various techniques were obtained, and temporal trends were analysed.ResultsA total of 1041 operations were performed, including 736 penetrating keratoplasties (PKPs) and 297 anterior lamellar keratoplasties (ALKs). The mean age of the total surgical group was 37.4 ± 13.4 years, and 68% of patients were male (p = 0.0001). Preoperative patient characteristics were reported in all 1041 cases. The relative proportion of ALKs increased from 2005 (19% of cases) to 2010 (39% of cases) and remained approximately 30–40% thereafter. Descemet baring or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) was increasingly applied and was the predominant anterior lamellar technique performed from 2009 onwards.ConclusionsThe number of corneal transplantations performed annually for keratoconus decreased during the past 10 years. Lamellar techniques were increasingly performed, accounting for approximately 35% of keratoplasties in 2010 and thereafter. Among ALK techniques, maximal depth DALK is the most prevalent keratoplasty performed for keratoconus in most recent years. Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is still common, with a stable frequency from 2010 onwards.
Effects of peptide ratios in nanofibre‐based hydrogels for the prevention of capsular opacification
Authors: Nibourg Lisanne M. , Gelens Edith , Nibourg Simone A. F. , de Jong Menno R. , Kuijer Roel , van Kooten Theo G. , Koopmans Steven A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo moderate the capsular opacification (CO) response after lens surgery, an experimental study was performed in which nanofibre‐based hydrogels (nanogels) with different ratios of attached peptides were applied to provide extracellular matrix‐related cues for lens epithelial cells (LECs) in a porcine eye model.MethodsThe lens content was removed, and the capsules were refilled with nanogel. Lenses were divided into two groups, the first group (n = 34) was refilled with nanogels containing different ratios of two laminin‐derived peptides (IKVAV + YIGSR), and the latter group (n = 26) was refilled with nanogel combinations of a fibronectin‐derived and a type IV collagen‐derived peptide (RGDS + DGEA). Two lenses were refilled with culture medium to investigate the effect of the medium on LECs. After refilling, lenses were extracted and cultured for 3 weeks. Lens epithelial cells (LECs) were assessed for morphology and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression using confocal laser scanning microscopy.ResultsDifferences were seen in cell morphology between lenses refilled with nanogels with IKVAV + YIGSR and RGDS + DGEA peptides. In nanogels with IKVAV + YIGSR peptides, differences in LEC morphology were largest when ratios between the peptides were unequal, whereas LEC responses from the RGDS + DGEA refilled groups showed variation in LEC morphology dependent on the total quantity of mixed‐in peptides. The culture medium did not induce proliferation or transformation of LECs.ConclusionsRatios and concentrations of cell adhesion‐mediating peptides both can direct the LEC response, depending on the adhesion molecules of origin, by influencing LEC proliferation and transformation. Nanogels with incorporated peptides may be tuned towards CO prevention.
Autism spectrum disorders before diagnosis: results from routine developmental surveillance at 18 months
Authors: Carlsson Lotta Höglund , Westerlund Joakim , Olsson Martina Barnevik , Eriksson Mats A. , Hedvall Åsa , Gillberg Christopher , Fernell Elisabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThis study investigated the results from the national, routine 18‐month developmental surveillance at Child Healthcare Centres (CHCs) on children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsChild Healthcare Centre records of 175 children, diagnosed with ASD before 4.5 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were reviewed regarding the results of the eight‐item neurodevelopmental surveillance. Results were contrasted with normative data from the general child population in Stockholm County.ResultsMore than one‐third of the total ASD group, including half of the group with ASD and intellectual disability (ID), did not pass the required number of items, compared to one in 50 in the general child population. Of those with ASD and ID who had passed, more than one‐third experienced developmental regression after 18 months of age. If the CHC surveillance had considered reported regulatory problems – crying, feeding and sleeping – then another 10% of the children with ASD and ID could have been identified during this surveillance.ConclusionThe existing CHC surveillance traced half of the group of children who were later diagnosed with ASD combined with intellectual disability. Adding an item on regulatory problems to the 18‐month surveillance would have increased this number by another 10%.
Spine ultrasounds should not be routinely performed for patients with simple sacral dimples
Authors: Albert Gregory W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrimary care providers commonly obtain spine ultrasounds for neonates with simple sacral dimples due to perceived concerns about underlying spinal dysraphism, despite a lack of scientific evidence. Nine papers addressing routine spine ultrasounds for children with sacral dimples showed that 3.4% of the 5166 patients had abnormal spine ultrasounds, compared with the 4.8% reported by another study for children without sacral dimples. Most of the abnormal findings in patients with sacral dimples were of no clinical significance.ConclusionSacral dimples do not predict underlying spinal cord malformations, and spine ultrasounds should not be performed for neonates with simple sacral dimples.
Single‐centre study reports a 84% five‐year overall survival rate for paediatric solid tumours
Authors: Teppo Eero , Penttinen Jarkko , Myöhänen Outi , Vettenranta Kim , Lohi Olli 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimWe investigated the characteristics and outcome of paediatric patients with solid tumours diagnosed and treated at the Tampere University Hospital, one of the five tertiary referral centres in Finland, for children and adolescents with malignancies.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected data from hospital medical records on survival, diagnosis, age, sex, tumour size and stage at diagnosis. We also observed the disease recurrence and use of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Data analyses were carried out with the Kaplan–Meier method, various nonparametric and parametric tests, and Cox regression modelling.ResultsBetween 1987 and May 2015, 424 children (59% boys), with a median age of 6.4 (IQR 2.5–11.8) years at diagnosis, were diagnosed and followed up for a median of 7.5 (range 0‐27.9) years. Central nervous system (CNS) tumours were the most common (38%), followed by lymphomas (19%), soft tissue sarcomas (10%), renal tumours (9%) and neuroblastomas (9%). The five‐year overall survival rate of all solid tumour patients was 84% (95% CI, 81–88%), 82% (95% CI, 76–89%) for CNS and 85% (95% CI, 80‐90%) for non‐CNS tumours. Advanced tumour stage at diagnosis predicted a poor prognosis.ConclusionThe treatment results in our study are comparable with those previously published. A comprehensive local database allows for a timely follow‐up of the characteristics and quality of treatment of childhood malignancies.