bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Contemporary Estimate of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study
Authors: Miller Rachel G. , Mahajan Hemant D. , Costacou Tina , Sekikawa Akira , Anderson Stewart J. , Orchard Trevor J. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
The degree to which mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence remains elevated in young U.S. adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is unclear. We determined contemporary rates for adults &lt;45 years old with long-standing, childhood-onset T1DM from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Members of the EDC Study cohort &lt;45 years old during the 1996–2012 follow-up period (n = 502) were studied. Mortality and CVD rates were calculated for those aged 30–39 and 40–44 years. Data from the background Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, population were used to calculate age- and sex-matched standardized mortality (SMR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR).

RESULTS
In both age groups, the SMR for total mortality was ∼5 (95% CIs: 30–39-year-olds, 2.8, 7.2; 40–44-year-olds, 3.4, 7.8). CVD mortality SMRs ranged from 19 (95% CI 11, 32) to 33 (95% CI 17, 59). Hospitalized CVD IRR was ∼8 (95% CIs: 30–39-year-olds, 2.5, 18.9; 40–44-year-olds, 4.5, 12.8); revascularization procedures account for much of the increased risk. For all outcomes, the relative risk was larger in women. Participants aged 30–39 years had 6.3% (95% CI 3.8, 9.8) absolute 10-year CVD risk, approaching the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association–recommended cut point of 7.5% for initiation of statin therapy in older adults.

CONCLUSIONS
Total and CVD mortality and hospitalized CVD are all significantly increased in this contemporary U.S. cohort of young adults with long-standing T1DM. These findings support more aggressive risk factor management in T1DM, especially among women.
BEM-FEM Model for Truck Tire-Pavement Interaction Noise Prediction
Authors: Ding Yangmin , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Tire-pavement interaction noise has become the dominant source of traffic noise for vehicular speeds greater than 30 mph, as the automotive engine and exhaust system noise are being effectively controlled. Compared with field testing for tire-pavement sound pressure measurement, this study develops an efficient boundary element method (BEM)/finite element method (FEM) model for tire-pavement interaction noise prediction for typical truck tires. The tire structure and modal characteristics of a semisteel radial truck tire are computed using the FEM, and the solution for the radiation acoustic fields caused by the vibration under harmonic excitations is based on the BEM. Application of this model is verified for simulation of the noise reduction performance of porous asphalt concrete with different porosity values. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of tire-pavement interaction noise prediction with the BEM/FEM model. Further research will be conducted with the noise excitation resulting from pavement surface texture profiles.
Plant Population and Replant Method Effects on Peanut Seeded in Single Rows
Authors: Sarver J.M. , Tubbs R.S. , Beasley J.P. , Culbreath A.K. , Grey T.L. , Rowland D.L. , Smith N.B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The University of Georgia Extension recommendation for optimum plant stand in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is 13.1 plants/m, although previous work has shown that yield potential can be maintained at lower plant stands. The unpredictable and often extreme weather and the ubiquity of pathogens in the region often contribute to poor emergence and poor plant stands. When plant stand is adversely affected, replanting the field may be a practical option. The objectives of this study were to determine i) the effect of plant stand on yield, grade and disease incidence, ii) at what plant stand peanut gains an advantage from replanting and iii) the best method for replanting peanut when an adequate stand is not achieved. Field trials took place in Plains, GA in 2011, 2012, and 2013; and Tifton, GA in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate peanut production at six plant stands (3.3, 4.9, 6.6, 8.2, 9.8, and 11.5 plants/m, in addition to a 13.1 plants/m control) in combination with three replant practices; i) no replant, ii) destroy the original stand and replant at a full seeding rate, and iii) add a reduced rate of seed to supplement the original stand) in a randomized complete block design. A positive linear trend for yield and a negative linear trend for tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus incidence were discovered as plant stand increased. Yield advantages from replanting occurred via supplemental seed addition to initial stands of 3.3 and 8.2 plants/m. Destroying the initial stand and completely replanting was never beneficial when compared to the other two replant practices. Replanting is warranted via supplemental seed addition at plant stands equal-to or below 8.2 plants/m.
Intraperitoneal Meropenem for Polymicrobial Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis
Authors: de Fijter Caroline W.H. , Jakulj Lily , Amiri Fariba , Zandvliet Anthe , Franssen Eric 
Published: September 2016

With the current rise in multiresistant gram-negative bacteria, carbapenems are more frequently used. Surprisingly, limited data exist on the pharmacokinetics of meropenem in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. We report on the pharmacokinetics of repeated intraperitoneal (IP) meropenem during 21 days as treatment for polymicrobial multiresistent PD-related peritonitis. Our current report supports daily doses of 125 mg/L intraperitoneal meropenem in all bags as an effective and safe modality in the treatment of PD-associated peritonitis with multiresistant microorganisms. No signs of over- or underdosing were found based on serial drug concentration measurements at fixed time points up to 21 days.
STAR FORMATION LAWS IN BOTH GALACTIC MASSIVE CLUMPS AND EXTERNAL GALAXIES: EXTENSIVE STUDY WITH DUST CONINUUM, HCN (4-3), AND CS (7-6)
Authors: Liu Tie , Kim Kee-Tae , Yoo Hyunju , Liu Sheng-yuan , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Qin Sheng-Li , Zhang Qizhou , Wu Yuefang , Wang Ke , Goldsmith Paul F. , Juvela Mika , Lee Jeong-Eun , Tóth L. Viktor , Mardones Diego , Garay Guido , Bronfman Leonardo , Cunningham Maria R. , Li Di , Lo Nadia , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Schnee Scott 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We observed 146 Galactic clumps in HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope. A tight linear relationship between star formation rate and gas mass traced by dust continuum emission was found for both Galactic clumps and the high redshift (z > 1) star forming galaxies (SFGs), indicating a constant gas depletion time of ∼100 Myr for molecular gas in both Galactic clumps and high z SFGs. However, low z galaxies do not follow this relation and seem to have a longer global gas depletion time. The correlations between total infrared luminosities (L
TIR) and molecular line luminosities

of HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) are tight and sublinear extending down to clumps with L
TIR ∼ 103
L
☉. These correlations become linear when extended to external galaxies. A bimodal behavior in the L
TIR–

correlations was found for clumps with different dust temperature, luminosity-to-mass ratio, and σ
line/σ
vir. Such bimodal behavior may be due to evolutionary effects. The slopes of L
TIR–L′mol correlations become more shallow as clumps evolve. We compared our results with lower J transition lines in Wu et al. (2010). The correlations between clump masses and line luminosities are close to linear for low effective excitation density tracers but become sublinear for high effective excitation density tracers for clumps with L
TIR larger than L
TIR ∼ 104.5
L
☉. High effective excitation density tracers cannot linearly trace the total clump masses, leading to a sublinear correlations for both M
clump–L′mol and L
TIR–L′mol relations.
SUPERGRANULATION AS THE LARGEST BUOYANTLY DRIVEN CONVECTIVE SCALE OF THE SUN
Authors: Cossette Jean-Francois , Rast Mark P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin of solar supergranulation remains a mystery. Unlike granulation, the size of which is comparable to both the thickness of the radiative boundary layer and local scale-height in the photosphere, supergranulation does not reflect any obvious length scale of the solar convection zone. Moreover, recent observations of flows in the photosphere using Doppler imaging or correlation or feature tracking show a monotonic decrease in horizontal flow power at scales larger than supergranulation. Both local area and global spherical shell simulations of solar convection by contrast show the opposite, an increase in horizontal flow amplitudes to a low wavenumber. We examine these disparities and investigate how the solar supergranulation may arise as a consequence of nonlocal heat transport by cool diving plumes. Using three-dimensional anelastic simulations with surface driving, we show that the kinetic energy of the largest convective scales in the upper layers of a stratified domain reflects the depth of transition from strong buoyant driving to adiabatic stratification below caused by the dilution of the granular downflows. This depth is quite shallow because of the rapid increase of the mean density below the photosphere. We interpret the observed monotonic decrease in solar convective power at scales larger than supergranulation to be a consequence of this rapid transition, with the supergranular scale the largest buoyantly driven mode of convection in the Sun.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MASS SURFACE DENSITIES IN A HIGH-MASS PROTOCLUSTER
Authors: Lim Wanggi , Tan Jonathan C. , Kainulainen Jouni , Ma Bo , Butler Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the probability distribution function (PDF) of mass surface densities, Σ, of infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G028.37+00.07 and its surrounding giant molecular cloud. This PDF constrains the physical processes, such as turbulence, magnetic fields, and self-gravity, that are expected to be controlling cloud structure and star formation activity. The chosen IRDC is of particular interest since it has almost 100,000 solar masses within a radius of 8 pc, making it one of the most massive, dense molecular structures known and is thus a potential site for the formation of a “super star cluster.” We study Σ in two ways. First, we use a combination of NIR and MIR extinction maps that are able to probe the bulk of the cloud structure up to Σ ∼ 1 g cm−2(A

V
≃ 200 mag). Second, we study the FIR and submillimeter dust continuum emission from the cloud utilizing Herschel-PACS and SPIRE images and paying careful attention to the effects of foreground and background contamination. We find that the PDFs from both methods, applied over a ∼20′(30 pc)-sized region that contains ≃1.5 × 105
M
⊙ and enclosing a minimum closed contour with Σ ≃ 0.013 g cm−2 (A

V
≃ 3 mag), shows a lognormal shape with the peak measured at Σ ≃ 0.021 g cm−2 (A

V
≃ 4.7 mag). There is tentative evidence for the presence of a high-Σ power-law tail that contains from ∼3% to 8% of the mass of the cloud material. We discuss the implications of these results for the physical processes occurring in this cloud.
STRONGER REFLECTION FROM BLACK HOLE ACCRETION DISKS IN SOFT X-RAY STATES
Authors: Steiner James F. , Remillard Ronald A. , García Javier A. , McClintock Jeffrey E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze 15,000 spectra of 29 stellar-mass black hole (BH) candidates collected over the 16 year mission lifetime of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer using a simple phenomenological model. As these BHs vary widely in luminosity and progress through a sequence of spectral states, which we broadly refer to as hard and soft, we focus on two spectral components: the Compton power law and the reflection spectrum it generates by illuminating the accretion disk. Our proxy for the strength of reflection is the equivalent width of the Fe–K line as measured with respect to the power law. A key distinction of our work is that for all states we estimate the continuum under the line by excluding the thermal disk component and using only the component that is responsible for fluorescing the Fe–K line, namely, the Compton power law. We find that reflection is several times more pronounced (∼3) in soft compared to hard spectral states. This is most readily caused by the dilution of the Fe line amplitude from Compton scattering in the corona, which has a higher optical depth in hard states. Alternatively, this could be explained by a more compact corona in soft (compared to hard) states, which would result in a higher reflection fraction.
Ensino de estatística e tecnologias da informação e comunicação: entre a docência e o desenvolvimento de recursos tecnológicos
Authors: Budek Dias Cristiane De Fatima , Dos Santos Junior Guataçara 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as discussões realizadas em um encontro com professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em que os mesmos foram convidados a participar do processo de desenvolvimento de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem – AVA para o ensino de Estatística. O estudo de cunho qualitativo e interpretativo, é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, sendo que, neste escrito são apontadas algumas das percepções preliminares com tal prática. Dessa forma, as considerações sobre os fatos ocorridos e sobre as atitudes dos docentes observadas no encontro foram elencadas em categorias que evidenciam: i) atitudes docentes em relação às TIC; ii) atitudes em relação à análise e a coparticipação na construção do AVA; iii) concepções e atitudes em relação à Estatística e Probabilidade; iv) percepções sobre as ferramentas do AVA. O caminho percorrido nesse primeiro encontro com os professores revelou muitos obstáculos, tanto na compreensão da proposta como nas compreensões a respeito da Estatística e Probabilidade, sugerindo que processos de formação continuada que se atentem mais aos aspectos da autonomia do professor e dos saberes básicos da docência na atualidade, sejam priorizados.
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts Drives T Cell Survival and Inflammation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Durning Sean P. , Preston-Hurlburt Paula , Clark Paul R. , Xu Ding , Herold Kevan C. ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The ways in which environmental factors participate in the progression of autoimmune diseases are not known. After initiation, it takes years before hyperglycemia develops in patients at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a scavenger receptor of the Ig family that binds damage-associated molecular patterns and advanced glycated endproducts and can trigger cell activation. We previously found constitutive intracellular RAGE expression in lymphocytes from patients with T1D. In this article, we show that there is increased RAGE expression in T cells from at-risk euglycemic relatives who progress to T1D compared with healthy control subjects, and in the CD8+ T cells in the at-risk relatives who do versus those who do not progress to T1D. Detectable levels of the RAGE ligand high mobility group box 1 were present in serum from at-risk subjects and patients with T1D. Transcriptome analysis of RAGE+ versus RAGE− T cells from patients with T1D showed differences in signaling pathways associated with increased cell activation and survival. Additional markers for effector memory cells and inflammatory function were elevated in the RAGE+ CD8+ cells of T1D patients and at-risk relatives of patients before disease onset. These studies suggest that expression of RAGE in T cells of subjects progressing to disease predates dysglycemia. These findings imply that RAGE expression enhances the inflammatory function of T cells, and its increased levels observed in T1D patients may account for the chronic autoimmune response when damage-associated molecular patterns are released after cell injury and killing.
Modelling long-term impacts of mountain pine beetle outbreaks on
merchantable biomass, ecosystem carbon, albedo, and radiative forcing
Authors: Landry Jean-Sébastien , Parrott Lael , Price David T. , Ramankutty Navin , Matthews H. Damon 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The ongoing major outbreak of mountain pine beetle (MPB) in forests of western North America has led to considerable research efforts. However, many questions remain unaddressed regarding its long-term impacts, especially when accounting for the range of possible responses from the non-target vegetation (i.e., deciduous trees and lower-canopy shrubs and grasses). We used the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) process-based ecosystem model along with the recently incorporated Marauding Insect Module (MIM) to quantify, over 240 years, the impacts of various MPB outbreak regimes on lodgepole pine merchantable biomass, ecosystem carbon, surface albedo, and the net radiative forcing on global climate caused by the changes in ecosystem carbon and albedo. We performed simulations for three locations in British Columbia, Canada, with different climatic conditions, and four scenarios of various coexisting vegetation types with variable growth release responses. The impacts of MPB outbreaks on merchantable biomass (decrease) and surface albedo (increase) were similar across the 12 combinations of locations and vegetation coexistence scenarios. The impacts on ecosystem carbon and radiative forcing, however, varied substantially in magnitude and sign, depending upon the presence and response of the non-target vegetation, particularly for the two locations not subjected to growing-season soil moisture stress; this variability represents the main finding from our study. Despite major uncertainty in the value of the resulting radiative forcing, a simple analysis also suggested that the MPB outbreak in British Columbia will have a smaller impact on global temperature over the coming decades and centuries than a single month of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Moreover, we found that (1) outbreak severity (i.e., per-event mortality) had a stronger effect than outbreak return interval on the variables studied, (2) MPB-induced changes in carbon dynamics had a stronger effect than concurrent changes in albedo on net radiative forcing, and (3) the physical presence of MPB-killed dead standing trees was potentially beneficial to tree regrowth. Given that the variability of pre-outbreak vegetation characteristics can lead to very different regeneration pathways, the four vegetation coexistence scenarios we simulated probably only sampled the range of possible responses.
Analysis of Effect Macro Variable on International Trade of Indonesia
Authors: Octavia Evania Rahma , Wulandari Dwi 
Published: September 2016

This study aims to determine the effect of macro variables which include Indonesia's real gross domestic income, money supply, consumer price index and interest rates on international trade mediated by the exchange rate of rupiah against the dollar. This type of research is descriptive research with quantitative approach. Determination of the sample based on quarterly time series data 2010-2014. This study uses path analysis. The results showed domestic gross product, the money supply, and interest rates together have a significant effect on the exchange rate but the consumer price index do not have significant effect on the exchange rate. The results also show that the exchange rate has no significant effect on imports and exports.
Do strong warm ENSO events control the phase of the stratospheric QBO?
Authors: Christiansen Bo , Yang Shuting , Madsen Marianne Sloth 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough there in general are no significant long‐term correlations between the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observations, we find that the QBO and the ENSO were aligned in the 3 to 4 years after the three warm ENSO events in 1982, 1997, and 2015. We investigate this indicated relationship with a version of the EC‐Earth climate model which includes nonorographic gravity waves. We analyze the modeled QBO in ensembles forced with climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and observed SSTs. In the ensemble with observed SSTs we find a strong and significant alignment of the ensemble members in the equatorial stratospheric winds in the 2 to 4 years after the strong ENSO event in 1997. This alignment also includes the observed QBO. No such alignment is found in the ensemble with climatological SSTs. These results indicate that strong warm ENSO events can lock the phase of the QBO.
Occurrence of EMIC waves and plasmaspheric plasmas derived from THEMIS observations in the outer magnetosphere: Revisit
Authors: Kim Gi‐Jeong , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Lee Dong‐Hun , Kwon Hyuck‐Jin , Park Jong‐Sun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have statistically studied the relationship between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and cold plasmaspheric plasma (Nsp) in the L range of 6–12 using the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) data for 2008–2011. The important observational results are as follows: (1) Under quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp ≤ 1), the maximum occurrence rate of the hydrogen (H) band EMIC waves appears in the early morning sector (0600–0900 MLT) at the outermost region (L= 10–12). (2) Under moderate and disturbed conditions (Kp ≥ 2), the H‐band occurrence rate is higher in the morning‐to‐early‐afternoon sector for L > 10. (3) The high‐occurrence region of helium (He) band waves for Kp ≤ 1 varies from L = 7 to 12 in radial distances along the local time (i.e., at L ∼ 7 near noon and at L= 8–12 near late afternoon). (4) The He‐band waves for Kp ≥ 2 are mainly localized between 1200 and 1800 MLT with a peak around 1500–1600 MLT at L= 8–10. (5) Nsp is much higher for the He‐band intervals than for the H‐band intervals by a factor of 10 or more. The He‐band high occurrence appears at a steep Nsp gradient region. (6) The morning‐afternoon asymmetry of the normalized frequency seen both in H‐band and He‐band is similar to the asymmetric distribution of Nsp along the local time. These observations indicate that the cold plasma density plays a significant role in determining the spectral properties of EMIC waves. We discuss whether a morning‐afternoon asymmetry of the EMIC wave properties can be explained by the spatial distribution of cold plasmaspheric plasma.
Self‐Control Success Revealed: Greater Approach Motivation Towards Healthy versus Unhealthy Food
Authors: Cheung Tracy , Gillebaart Marleen , Kroese Floor , de Ridder Denise 
Published: September 2016

SummaryDeviating from existing literature on self‐control failure the current research examines self‐control success and the role of motivation. Functional research suggests people visually perceive objects to be bigger when they are motivated to approach them. Using the size perception task, participants estimated the size of a healthy and an unhealthy food object that were identical in size. In the current research we simulated a reflective state vs. impulsive state using an ego‐depletion manipulation in Study 1 and a cognitive load manipulation in Study 2. Results from both studies revealed that participants in a reflective state (vs. impulsive state) assigned increased size estimations to the healthy food item compared to the unhealthy food item. Current findings demonstrate greater approach motivation towards a ‘virtue’ (i.e., healthy food) as a mechanism that underlies self‐control success, suggesting that successful self‐control involves initiating approach towards a virtue rather than inhibiting a vice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.