bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and outcome of 41 patients with beta‐ketothiolase deficiency: 10 years’ experience of a medical center in northern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Ngoc , Abdelkreem Elsayed , Colombo Roberto , Hasegawa Yuki , Can Ngoc Thi Bich , Bui Thao Phuong , Le Hai Thanh , Tran Mai Thi Chi , Nguyen Hoan Thi , Trinh Hung Thanh , Aoyama Yuka , Sasai Hideo , Yamaguchi Seiji , Fukao Toshiyuki , Vu Dung Chi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBeta‐ketothiolase (T2) deficiency is an inherited disease of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism caused by mutations in theACAT1gene. Between 2005 and 2016, a total of 41 patients with T2 deficiency were identified at a medical center in northern Vietnam, with an estimated incidence of one in 190,000 newborns. Most patients manifested ketoacidotic episodes of varying severity between 6 and 18 months of age. Remarkably, 28% of patients showed high blood glucose levels (up to 23.3 mmol/L). Ketoacidotic episodes recurred in 43% of patients. The age of onset, frequency of episodes, and identified genotype did not affect patient outcomes that were generally favorable, with the exception of seven cases (five died and two had neurological sequelae). Custom‐tailored acute and follow‐up management was critical for a positive clinical outcome. Two null mutations, c.622C>T (p.Arg208*) and c.1006‐1G>C (p.Val336fs), accounted for 66% and 19% of all identifiedACAT1mutant alleles, respectively. Most patients showed characteristic biochemical abnormalities. A newborn screening program could be expected to have a high yield in Vietnam. Investigation findings of haplotypes linked to the most commonACAT1mutation (c.622C>T) are consistent with an ancient common founder of mutation‐bearing chromosomes belonging to the Kinh ethnic population. The direct management and long‐term follow‐up of a large number of T2‐deficient patients enabled us to study the natural history of this rare disease.
The importance of teacher support: Differential impacts by gender and sexuality
Authors: Dessel Adrienne B. , Kulick Alex , Wernick Laura J. , Sullivan Daniel 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTeachers play an important role in shaping the experiences of high school students with regard to patterns of heteronormativity and binary gender norms, particularly for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) students. A climate survey of high school students (n = 953) in the United States examined the association between students' well‐being and their relationships with teachers. The sample was majority white (65.8%) and multiracial (14.1%). Cisgender (cis)‐girls (49.6%), cis‐boys (41.2%), and trans students (9.2%), as well as heterosexual (78.4%) and LGBQ students (21.6%) were represented. Regression models indicate teachers' use of oppressive language and their intervention in situations of bias and students' trust and comfort with teachers were significantly associated with students' self‐esteem. Teachers' use of biased language was directly associated with student self‐reported grades. Moderation tests indicate teacher relationships are strongly associated with heterosexual and cisgender students' wellbeing. Recommendations for teacher education and future research are discussed.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL'S DRY BEANS BREEDING PROGRAM
Authors: DLAMINI THULA , NALLEY LANIER , TSIBOE FRANCIS , BARKLEY ANDREW , SHEW AARON 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study estimates the dry bean yield increase in South Africa that is attributable to genetic improvements through the Agricultural Research Council's (ARC) bean breeding program. Using 32 test plots across South Africa from 1982 to 2014, results indicate that ARC breeding increased average yields by 11.65 kg/ha annually, for a cumulative 43.28% increase. These yield increases were not at the expense of yield variance, an important measure of food security. These findings indicate that the returns on investment are relatively high (an estimated 5.67:1 benefit-cost ratio) and can lead to greater food security though increased and stabilized bean yields.
Lithium monitoring patterns in the United Kingdom and Ireland: Can shared care agreements play a role in improving monitoring quality? A systematic review
Authors: Aubry R. E. , Scott L. , Cassidy E. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe appropriate monitoring of patients on lithium therapy has been the subject of extensive research in the form of clinical audits and surveys culminating in the development of specific guidelines to help clinicians provide optimal care for patients on lithium. The concept of ‘shared care’ has also gained attention in the literature with various types of shared care interventions being introduced as potential ways of improving communication between primary and secondary care.ObjectivesThis article aims to (1) review the literature evaluating lithium monitoring practices in the United Kingdom and Ireland in the last 25 years and (2) determine whether locally agreed shared care agreements have the potential to improve monitoring quality.MethodsA literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL and PsychInfo. A total of 12 studies were selected for review including 11 audits/prospective chart reviews and one qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.ConclusionsOverall, the quality of lithium monitoring seems to be improving throughout the years. However, none of the studies reviewed revealed complete adherence to monitoring guidelines. This may be due to a lack of effective communication between primary and secondary care. Several shared care interventions have been described in the literature but there is a paucity of studies concerned with the effects of local shared care arrangements designed for the specific purpose of lithium monitoring. Nonetheless, the extant data suggests that such agreements may help improve monitoring standards by allowing the responsibilities for managing the prescribing and monitoring of lithium to be more clearly defined and shared between primary and secondary care.
THE LEGACIES OF STATE CORPORATISM IN KOREA: REGULATORY CAPTURE IN THE SEWOL FERRY TRAGEDY
Authors: You Jong-sung , Park Youn Min 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRegarding the causes of the Sewol ferry accident that claimed 304 lives in April 2014, some scholars have blamed neoliberal reforms such as deregulation and privatization for the safety regulatory failure. Others have highlighted the role of industry influence and corruption. Our analysis shows that regulatory capture was the crucial causal factor; moreover, this capture was institutionalized from the state-corporatist arrangements of the authoritarian period rather than reflecting new arrangements under the democratic era or corruption per se. The delegation of the critical safety regulation enforcement to the shipping industry association was not introduced as a neoliberal reform but in the context of state corporatism of the Park Chung-hee regime. Democratic governments continued to protect the monopoly of the lucrative Incheon–Jeju ferry business, contrary to neoliberal logic. The legacies of state corporatism persist despite post-financial crisis reform.
Genesis and evolution of velocity gradients in near-field spatially developing turbulence
Authors: Paul I. , Papadakis G. , Vassilicos J. C. 
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the dynamics of velocity gradients for a spatially developing flow generated by a single square element of a fractal square grid at low inlet Reynolds number through direct numerical simulation. This square grid-element is also the fundamental block of a classical grid. The flow along the grid-element centreline is initially irrotational and becomes turbulent further downstream due to the lateral excursions of vortical turbulent wakes from the grid-element bars. We study the generation and evolution of the symmetric and anti-symmetric parts of the velocity gradient tensor for this spatially developing flow using the transport equations of mean strain product and mean enstrophy respectively. The choice of low inlet Reynolds number allows for fine spatial resolution and long simulations, both of which are conducive in balancing the budget equations of the above quantities. The budget analysis is carried out along the grid-element centreline and the bar centreline. The former is observed to consist of two subregions: one in the immediate lee of the grid-element which is dominated by irrotational strain, and one further downstream where both strain and vorticity coexist. In the demarcation area between these two subregions, where the turbulence is inhomogeneous and developing, the energy spectrum exhibits the best$-5/3$power-law slope. This is the same location where the experiments at much higher inlet Reynolds number show a well-defined$-5/3$spectrum over more than a decade of frequencies. Yet, the$Q{-}R$diagram, where$Q$and$R$are the second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor, remains undeveloped in the near-grid-element region, and both the intermediate and extensive strain-rate eigenvectors align with the vorticity vector. Along the grid-element centreline, the strain is the first velocity gradient quantity generated by the action of pressure Hessian. This strain is then transported downstream by fluctuations and strain self-amplification is activated a little later. Further downstream, vorticity from the bar wakes is brought towards the grid-element centreline, and, through the interaction with strain, leads to the production of enstrophy. The strain-rate tensor has a statistically axial stretching form in the production region, but a statistically biaxial stretching form in the decay region. The usual signatures of velocity gradients such as the shape of$Q{-}R$diagrams and the alignment of vorticity vector with the intermediate eigenvector are detected only in the decay region even though the local Reynolds number (based on the Taylor length scale) is only between 30 and 40.
Lissajous trajectories in electromagnetically driven vortices
Authors: Figueroa Aldo , Cuevas Sergio , Ramos Eduardo 
Published: February 2017

An experimental and theoretical study of laminar vortical flows driven by oscillating electromagnetic forces that act in orthogonal directions in a shallow electrolytic fluid layer is presented. Forces are generated by the interaction of the field of a dipolar permanent magnet and two imposed alternating electric currents perpendicular to each other with independent frequencies varying in the range of 10–30 mHz. Velocity fields of the time-dependent flow are obtained using particle image velocimetry, while particle tracking allows exploration of the Lagrangian trajectories and time maps. An approximate two-dimensional analytical solution is obtained for the laminar creeping regime so that Lagrangian trajectories are integrated explicitly. These trajectories resemble Lissajous figures with the usual property that, when the ratio of the frequencies of the imposed currents is rational, closed paths are found, while non-closed paths occur when this ratio is irrational. Deviations of this regime that account for slight increase of inertial effects are explored through a quasi-two-dimensional numerical simulation. In this case, non-closed paths are found even for rational frequency ratios. This case was observed in the experiment. Lagrangian trajectories calculated numerically show a qualitative agreement with experimental particle tracking. Furthermore, numerical time maps obtained for increasing inertial effects and rational frequency ratios reveal a chaotic behaviour. Some features of the Lagrangian trajectories are validated experimentally. In particular, topological properties of the calculated and observed time maps are in qualitative agreement. In a characteristic case, a partial time map calculated numerically is compared with the section acquired from the experimental tracking of one particle.
Accurate Age Estimation Using 14C Content in Japanese Human Teeth
Authors: Kunita Keisuke , Nakamura Toshio , Kato Kazuo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated age estimation of persons using 45 Japanese human teeth that consisted of mainly the third molar. We measured the radiocarbon content in tooth enamel hydroxyapatite from the crown as well as those in collagen and bioapatite in the root of the same tooth. Age estimations from tooth enamel apatite yielded an absolute age shift of 1.7±1.4 yr from the true age. This value suggests that estimating the age of Japanese people from tooth enamel is as accurate as the previous studies conducted in Europe and the USA. The 14C analysis of roots suggested that bioapatite is formed slightly later than collagen in the same tooth roots. The appropriate formation age ranges suggested by the tooth enamel analysis can be optimized and confirmed by using the additional F14C values of the root samples. We also noticed a characteristic trend of enamel δ13C values in comparison with the formation ages of the crowns of the teeth. The δ13C value tends to increase gradually from –13.0‰ to –11.5‰ from the 1960s to the 1970s, probably being caused by changes in the Japanese diet. This trend may support the selection of proper tooth formation age as supplemental data in addition to 14C content analyses.
Effectiveness of extensive sinus surgery with post-operative medical management for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wood A J , Zhou L , Wilkinson S , Douglas R G 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:To prospectively assess treatment outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery and post-operative medical treatment over a prolonged follow-up period.Methods:Patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the tertiary referral practice of a single surgeon were studied prospectively. Symptoms were scored by patients pre-operatively and over a minimum follow-up period of 12 months.Results:The study comprised 200 non-consecutive patients. The median pre-operative symptom score was 16 (out of a maximum of 25) (95 per cent confidence interval = 15 to 17). Symptom scores reduced to a median of 7 (95 per cent confidence interval = 6 to 8) after 12 months of follow up (p< 0.0001). The median symptom score improved for all symptoms and across all patient subgroups.Conclusion:Extensive functional endoscopic sinus surgery offers significant and durable symptom improvement in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical treatment. This improvement extends to all patient subgroups. Prolonged medical therapy is recommended after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Colliding Alfvénic wave packets in magnetohydrodynamics, Hall and
kinetic simulations
Authors: Pezzi O. , Parashar T. N. , Servidio S. , Valentini F. , Vásconez C. L. , Yang Y. , Malara F. , Matthaeus W. H. , Veltri P. 
Published: February 2017

The analysis of the Parker–Moffatt problem, recently revisited in Pezzi
et al. (Astrophys. J., vol. 834,
2017, p. 166), is here extended by including Hall magnetohydrodynamics and two
hybrid kinetic Vlasov–Maxwell numerical models. The presence of dispersive and
kinetic features is studied in detail and a comparison between the two kinetic codes
is also reported. Focus on the presence of non-Maxwellian signatures shows that
– during the collision – regions characterized by strong temperature
anisotropy are recovered and the proton distribution function displays a beam along
the direction of the magnetic field, similar to some recent observations of the solar
wind.
Detecting hybridization in African schistosome species: does egg morphology complement molecular species identification?
Authors: BOON NELE A. M. , FANNES WOUTER , ROMBOUTS SARA , POLMAN KATJA , VOLCKAERT FILIP A. M. , HUYSE TINE 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYHybrid parasites may have an increased transmission potential and higher virulence compared to their parental species. Consequently, hybrid detection is critical for disease control. Previous crossing experiments showed that hybrid schistosome eggs have distinct morphotypes. We therefore compared the performance of egg morphology with molecular markers with regard to detecting hybridization in schistosomes. We studied the morphology of 303 terminal-spined eggs, originating from 19 individuals inhabiting a hybrid zone with natural crosses between the human parasite Schistosoma haematobium and the livestock parasite Schistosoma bovis in Senegal. The egg sizes showed a high variability and ranged between 92·4 and 176·4 µm in length and between 35·7 and 93·0 µm in width. No distinct morphotypes were found and all eggs resembled, to varying extent, the typical S. haematobium egg type. However, molecular analyses on the same eggs clearly showed the presence of two distinct partial mitochondrial cox1 profiles, namely S. bovis and S. haematobium, and only a single nuclear ITS rDNA profile (S. haematobium). Therefore, in these particular crosses, egg morphology appears not a good indicator of hybrid ancestry. We conclude by discussing strengths and limitations of molecular methods to detect hybrids in the context of high-throughput screening of field samples.
All in it Together? Community Food Aid in a Multi-Ethnic Context – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: POWER MADELEINE , DOHERTY BOB , SMALL NEIL , TEASDALE SIMON , PICKETT KATE E. 
Published: February 2017

The following acknowledgement was omitted from the original publication:The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the BBSRC (The Biotechnology and Biosciences Research Council) for the funding of IKnowFood at York which is 4-year research programme being funded through the Global Food Security-Food System Resilience programme with contributions from BBSRC, ESRC, NERC, and the Scottish Government.The authors apologise for this oversight.
Social Protection without Borders? The Use of Social Services by Retirement Migrants living in Spain
Authors: CALZADA INÉS 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to assess the extent to which international retirement migrants (IRMs) living in Spain make use of public elder-care services, as well as how public officials deal with their demands. The data stems from qualitative interviews with 19 social workers in ten communities characterised by a sizable population of retirement migrants. We found that substantial numbers of retirement migrants remain in Spain well after dependency sets in. This necessitates the development of complex strategies to obtain care by means of social networks, voluntary associations, and private care providers. A certain reluctance to engage with Spanish social services may explain the fact that these services are accessed only as a last resort when all other options have failed. However, the entire process of evaluating the needs of, and granting public care services to, retirement migrants is plagued by difficulties. Social workers cite the lack of a common language as a significant obstacle, together with insufficient information on claimants’ health, economic and family situations (many IRMs are not registered as residents in Spain). The familistic rules governing Spanish social services and the recent reductions in public budgets due to the economic crisis constitute additional barriers to the adequate protection of IRMs.
The Distancing-Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception
Authors: Menninghaus Winfried , Wagner Valentin , Hanich Julian , Wassiliwizky Eugen , Jacobsen Thomas , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhy are negative emotions so central in art reception far beyond tragedy? Revisiting classical aesthetics in the light of recent psychological research, we present a novel model to explain this much discussed (apparent) paradox. We argue that negative emotions are an important resource for the arts in general, rather than a special license for exceptional art forms only. The underlying rationale is that negative emotions have been shown to be particularly powerful in securing attention, intense emotional involvement, and high memorability, and hence is precisely what artworks strive for. Two groups of processing mechanisms are identified that conjointly adopt the particular powers of negative emotions for art's purposes. The first group consists of psychological distancing mechanisms that are activated along with the cognitive schemata of art, representation, and fiction. These schemata imply personal safety and control over continuing or discontinuing exposure to artworks, thereby preventing negative emotions from becoming outright incompatible with expectations of enjoyment. This distancing sets the stage for a second group of processing components that allow art recipients to positively embrace the experiencing of negative emotions, thereby rendering art reception more intense, more interesting, more emotionally moving, more profound, and occasionally even more beautiful. These components include compositional interplays of positiveandnegative emotions, the effects of aesthetic virtues of using the media of (re)presentation (musical sound, words/language, color, shapes) on emotion perception, and meaning-making efforts. Moreover, our Distancing-Embracing model proposes that concomitant mixed emotions often help integrate negative emotions into altogether pleasurable trajectories.
Ambient ozone can induce plant defence reactions in tobacco
Authors: Schraudner Martina , Graf Ursula , Langebartels Christian , Sandermann Heinrich 
Published: February 2017

SynopsisTypical phytopathological defence reactions of tobacco have been studied in response to ozone. After a single standard ozone pulse (5 h, 150 nl 1−1) β-l,3-glucanase was induced up to 40-fold in the sensitive tobacco cv. Bel W3, which developed necrotic lesions following the treatment. The activity was elevated 10-fold in the tolerant Bel B without concomitant injury. A decrease within 24 h occurred only in Bel B. Tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA transferase activity was induced 6- to 7-fold in both cultivars with a maximum after 5–8 h. Tyramine conjugates as the product of this reaction could not be isolated and were apparently rapidly integrated into the cell wall. Precultivation of Bel B plants in a greenhouse containing up to 70% of the outdoor ozone concentration resulted in a 4-fold induction of β-l,3-glucanase and a further increase after an administered ozone pulse. Pretreatment (30 nl 1−1 ozone, 7 h per day, 23 days) of sensitive Bel W3 caused increased injury and ethylene formation upon a subsequent ozone pulse. β-l,3-glucanase was induced to the same level as in non-pretreated control plants. In a comparison with other major air pollutants (SO2, NO2), only ozone induced the above reactions. However, a combined treatment of ozone and NO2 led to synergistic effects. These data indicate that ambient ozone is able to change the phytopathological disposition of plants. This finding may have practical significance for the usual plant experiments carried out in greenhouses with non-filtered air.