bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting avoidance - tolerance in heat stress response from thermally contrasting climates in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Nana , Carlucci Philip , Nguyen Joshua , Hayes-Jackson Jai-W , Tonsor Stephen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPlants ameliorate heat stress by avoiding heat loading, reducing tissue temperature through evaporative cooling, and/or through tolerance, i.e. maintaining function at high temperature. HereArabidopsis thaliananatural populations from two ends of an elevation gradient in NE Spain were used to ask: do plants from contrasting climates 1) show genetically based differences in heat stress damage and 2) adopt different avoidance-tolerance patterns? Four low-and four high-elevation populations were repeatedly exposed to high temperature (45°C) in a growth chamber at bolting stage. High temperature induced 23% more inflorescence branches, 25% longer total reproductive branch length, and 12% less root dry mass, compared with control. However summed fruit length, hence fitness, decreased by 15%, populations did not differ significantly in fitness reduction. High elevation populations showed more avoidance, i.e. lower rosette temperature at 45°C. Low elevation populations showed more tolerance, maintaining relatively higher photosynthetic rate at 45°C. Avoidance was associated with high transpiration rate and flat rosette leaf angle. Tolerance was negatively associated with heat shock protein 101 (Hsp101) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. The divergent avoidance–tolerance patterns for populations from thermally contrasting climates may indicate both constraints on the evolution and contrasting adaptive divergence regulated by local climates.
ACE: adaptive cluster expansion for maximum entropy graphical model inference
Authors: Barton J. P. , De Leonardis E. , Coucke A. , Cocco S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMotivationGraphical models are often employed to interpret patterns of correlations observed in data through a network of interactions between the variables. Recently, Ising/Potts models, also known as Markov random fields, have been productively applied to diverse problems in biology, including the prediction of structural contacts from protein sequence data and the description of neural activity patterns. However, inference of such models is a challenging computational problem that cannot be solved exactly. Here we describe the adaptive cluster expansion (ACE) method to quickly and accurately infer Ising or Potts models based on correlation data. ACE avoids overfitting by constructing a sparse network of interactions sufficient to reproduce the observed correlation data within the statistical error expected due to finite sampling. When convergence of the ACE algorithm is slow, we combine it with a Boltzmann Machine Learning algorithm (BML). We illustrate this method on a variety of biological and artificial data sets and compare it to state-of-the-art approximate methods such as Gaussian and pseudo-likelihood inference.ResultsWe show that ACE accurately reproduces the true parameters of the underlying model when they are known, and yields accurate statistical descriptions of both biological and artificial data. Models inferred by ACE have substantially better statistical performance compared to those obtained from faster Gaussian and pseudo-likelihood methods, which only precisely recover the structure of the interaction network.AvailabilityThe ACE source code, user manual, and tutorials with example data are freely available on GitHub athttps://github.com/johnbarton/ACE.Contactsjpbarton@gmail.com,cocco@lps.ens.frSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available
Emotion talk in the context of young people self‐harming: facing the feelings in family therapy
Authors: Rogers Alice , Schmidt Petra 
Published: March 2016

This article describes the use of emotion talk in the context of using a manualised approach to family therapy where the presenting problem is self‐harm. Whilst we understand that there is an internal aspect to emotion, we also consider emotions to be socially purposeful, culturally constructed and interactional. We found that within the presenting families, negative emotions were often talked about as located within the young person. Through using ‘emotion talk’ (Fredman, ) in deconstructing and tracking emotions and exploring how emotions connected to family‐of‐origin and cultural contexts, we developed an interactional understanding of these emotions. This led to better emotional regulation within the family and offered alternative ways of relating. The article discusses the use of relational reflexivity, and using the therapist and team's emotions to enable the therapeutic process, encouraging reflexivity on the self of the therapist in relation to work with emotions.Practitioner points

Emotions can be seen as both a reflection of feelings experienced by the individual and as a communication.
An interactional understanding of emotions can be used therapeutically.
Therapists should explore emotional displays and track the interactional patterns within the therapeutic system.
Therapists should self‐reflexive about ways of doing emotions and use this awareness in practice.
China's Capital and ‘Hot’ Money Flows: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Cai Tao , Dang Vinh Q. T. , Lai Jennifer T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe examine time‐series characteristics of China's capital flows during 1998–2014. More specifically, we employ Kalman filtering state‐space models to gauge the relative importance of permanent and transitory components in China's overall foreign direct investment (FDI), equity, bond, other investment and bank credit flows. Our results show that only in the case of FDI are both gross inflow and net flow dominated by a permanent stochastic level, suggesting that this source of capital is largely permanent. Incorporating covariates into the state‐space models, we find that a larger difference between onshore and offshore renminbi interest rates encourages capital inflows that are dominated by a transitory component. Greater global risk perception, proxied by S&P 500's volatility index, in contrast, discourages them. These covariates imply that capital control may not be effective in stemming volatile and speculative flows. Our results on bilateral capital flows between China and the USA also suggest that these flows are less persistent and more volatile during 1998–2014 than previously found based on 1988–1997 data. Our results bear important policy implications as China engages in further reforms in its domestic financial system and greater integration with the world financial system.
Perceived incivility during emergency department phone consultations
Authors: Shetty Amith L , Vaghasiya Milan , Boddy Rachel , Byth Karen , Unwin Danielle 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivePerceived incivility during ED medical phone consultations is poorly researched. We aimed to determine frequency and factors influencing perceived incivility during ED phone consultations.MethodsWe conducted a prospective self‐reported survey of 40 consecutive phone consultations for 21 ED volunteer doctors. Consultations were classified based on the aim of consultation and deemed as ‘positive’, ‘neutral’ or ‘negative’ based on the perceptions of the consulting doctor. Training levels, time bands and specialty data were collected for both consulting and consulted parties.ResultsFifty‐seven of 714 included consultations (7.98%, 95% CI 6.2–10.2%) were reported as negative by ED medical staff. Factors associated with significant incidence of negative grading of consultation involved requests for investigations (19.3% vs 5.3%, P < 0.01), consultations with specialist trainees postgraduate year > 4 (9.1% vs 3.8%, P < 0.01) and those involving radiology specialty (18% vs 5.32%, P < 0.01). The risk was lower when the consulted professional was a specialist medical practitioner as compared to specialist trainee (4.1% vs 9.4%, P = 0.02). Multiple logistical modelling suggests that female (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.2) medical staff are more likely to report perceived incivility during ED phone consultations.ConclusionsPerceived incivility occurs infrequently during ED phone consultations. ED female medical staff are at an increased risk of perceived incivility during phone consultations with non‐ED medical professionals. Health organisations should actively pursue programmes to investigate the occurrence of incivility during healthcare consultations and implement programmes to mitigate the risk of developing a negative workplace culture.
Membrane‐Filtered Olive Mill Wastewater: Quality Assessment of the Dried Phenolic‐Rich Fraction
Authors: Sedej Ivana , Milczarek Rebecca , Wang Selina C. , Sheng Runqi , de Jesús Avena‐Bustillos Roberto , Dao Lan , Takeoka Gary 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA current trend in olive mill wastewater (OMWW) management is to not only decrease environmental pollution but also to extract and utilize valuable by‐products. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to explore different techniques for drying a phenolic‐rich membrane filtration fraction of OMWW and compare the techniques in terms of the dried product quality and feasibility of the process. The OMWW from 2 (3‐phase and 2‐phase) California mills was subjected to a 2‐step membrane filtration process using a novel vibratory system. The reverse osmosis retentate (RO‐R) is a phenolic‐rich coproduct stream, and the reverse osmosis permeate is a near‐pure water stream that could be recycled into the milling process. Spray‐, freeze‐, and infrared‐drying were applied to obtain solid material from the RO‐R. Drying of the RO‐R was made possible only with addition of 10% maltodextrin as a carrier. The total soluble phenolics in dried RO‐R were in the range 0.15 to 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight for 2‐phase RO‐R, and 1.38 to 2.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight for the 3‐phase RO‐R. Spray‐dried RO‐R from 3‐phase OMWW showed remarkable antioxidant activity. Protocatechuic acid, tyrosol, vanillic acid, and p‐coumaric acid were quantified in all dried RO‐R, whereas 3‐hydroxytyrosol was found in 3‐phase dried RO‐R. This combination of separation and drying technologies helps to add value and shelf‐stability to an olive oil by‐product and increase environmental sustainability of its production.
Discharge and Nutrient Transport between Lakes in a Hydrologically Complex Area of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, 2010‐2012
Authors: Christensen Victoria G. , Wakeman Eric S. , Maki Ryan P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) was deployed in the narrows between Namakan and Kabetogama Lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, from November 3, 2010, through October 3, 2012. The ADVM can account for wind, seiche, and changing flow direction in hydrologically complex areas. The objectives were to (1) estimate discharge and document the direction of water flow, (2) assess whether specific conductance can be used to determine flow direction, and (3) document nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the narrows. The discharge direction through the narrows was seasonal. Water generally flowed out of Kabetogama Lake and into Namakan Lake throughout the ice‐covered season. During spring, water flow was generally from Namakan Lake to Kabetogama Lake. During the summer and fall, the water flowed in both directions, affected in part by wind. Water flowed into Namakan Lake 70% of water year 2011 and 56% of water year 2012. Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were highest during the summer months when water‐flow direction was unpredictable. The use of an ADVM was effective for assessing flow direction and provided flow direction under ice. The results indicated the eutrophic Kabetogama Lake may have a negative effect on the more pristine Namakan Lake. The results also provide data on the effects of the current water‐level management plan and may help determine if adjustments are necessary to help protect the aquatic ecosystem of Voyageurs National Park.
Kawasaki disease in infants below 6 months: a clinical conundrum?
Authors: Singh Surjit , Agarwal Sikha , Bhattad Sagar , Gupta Anju , Suri Deepti , Rawat Amit , Singhal Manphool , Rohit Manojkumar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimKawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis of childhood. In infancy KD is often characterized by incomplete and atypical forms. There is paucity of literature on KD in children below 6 months and there are no data from any developing country. This study defines the profile of children with KD below 6 months at our centre.MethodsDuring January 1994 to March 2015, 460 children were diagnosed with KD and 17 (3.6%) were below 6 months. Diagnosis was based on American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. All children were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin; three also received infliximab.ResultsMucosal changes were present in 11 patients (64%); extremity changes in 11 (64%); rash in nine (53%); conjunctival injection in eight (47%); and cervical lymphadenopathy in three (17%). Irritability was noted in 15 patients (88%); four (23%) had respiratory symptoms; and two (11%) had bacille Calmette–Guérin scar reactivation. Fifteen (88%) had incomplete KD. Twelve patients were diagnosed beyond day 10 of illness. Thrombocytopenia was seen in four. Coronary artery abnormalities were present in six (35%) patients. Two children died from disease‐related complications – one of these had giant coronary artery aneurysms.ConclusionOur data show that incomplete forms of KD are commonly seen in children below 6 months of age, thereby resulting in delayed diagnoses. Pediatricians need to have a high index of suspicion of KD when dealing with a young infant with unexplained fever beyond 5 days. The AHA criteria appear to be inadequate for diagnosing KD in infants below 6 months.
Telemedicine Provides Noninferior Research Informed Consent for Remote Study Enrollment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bobb Morgan R. , Van Heukelom Paul G. , Faine Brett A. , Ahmed Azeemuddin , Messerly Jeffrey T. , Bell Gregory , Harland Karisa K. , Simon Christian , Mohr Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTelemedicine networks are beginning to provide an avenue for conducting emergency medicine research, but using telemedicine to recruit participants for clinical trials has not been validated. The goal of this consent study was to determine whether patient comprehension of telemedicine‐enabled research informed consent is noninferior to standard face‐to‐face (F2F) research informed consent.MethodsA prospective, open‐label randomized controlled trial was performed in a 60,000‐visit Midwestern academic emergency department (ED) to test whether telemedicine‐enabled research informed consent provided noninferior comprehension compared with standard consent. This study was conducted as part of a parent clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of 0.12% oral chlorhexidine gluconate in preventing hospital‐acquired pneumonia among adult ED patients with expected hospital admission. Prior to being recruited into the study, potential participants were randomized in a 1:1 allocation ratio to consent by telemedicine versus standard F2F consent. Telemedicine connectivity was provided using a commercially available interface (REACH platform, Vidyo Inc.) to an emergency physician located in another part of the ED. Comprehension of research consent (primary outcome) was measured using the modified quality of informed consent (QuIC) instrument, a validated tool for measuring research informed consent comprehension. Parent trial accrual rate and qualitative survey data were secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 131 patients were randomized (n = 64, telemedicine), and 101 QuIC surveys were completed. Comprehension of research informed consent using telemedicine was not inferior to F2F consent (QuIC scores 74.4 ± 8.1 vs. 74.4 ± 6.9 on a 100‐point scale, p = 0.999). Subjective understanding of consent (p = 0.194) and parent trial study accrual rates (56% vs. 69%, p = 0.142) were similar.ConclusionTelemedicine is noninferior to F2F consent for delivering research informed consent, with no detected differences in comprehension and patient‐reported understanding. This consent study will inform design of future telemedicine‐enabled clinical trials.
Geographic variation in psychotropic drug utilisation among older people in New Zealand
Authors: Ndukwe Henry C , Wang Ting , Tordoff June M , Croucher Matthew J , Nishtala Prasad S 
Published: March 2016

AimTo examine psychotropic drug utilisation in older people in New Zealand by age, sex, health board domicile and deprivation status.MethodsA repeated cross‐sectional analysis of population‐based drug utilisation data stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, health board and deprivation status was conducted from 2005 to 2013.ResultsPsychotropic utilisation increased between 2005 and 2013 (ranging from 7.0 to 74.0%) across all the health boards. In people aged 85 years and above, the hypnotic and sedative prevalence ratio compared to the 65‐ to 69‐year age group was 1.45 (95% CI 1.44, 1.46). Between 2005 and 2013, the antidepressants prevalence ratio increased (1.27 (95% CI 1.22, 1.33)) relative to anxiolytics.ConclusionsOverall psychotropic drug utilisation increased over time. Despite safety concerns, hypnotic and sedative utilisation increased in the oldest vulnerable group. Shifts from anxiolytics to antidepressants in some health boards were consistent with guidelines for extended indications of antidepressant drug use.
Hormone responsiveness of cultured Sertoli cells obtained from adult rats after their rapid isolation under less harsh conditions
Authors: Gautam M. , Bhattacharya I. , Devi Y. S. , Arya S. P. , Majumdar S. S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryDuring adulthood, testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) coordinate all stages of germ cell (Gc) development involved in sperm production. However, our understanding about the functions of adult Sc is limited because of the difficulties involved in the process of isolating these cells from the adult testis, mainly because of the presence of large number of advanced Gc which interfere with Sc isolation at this age. Most of our knowledge about Sc function are derived from studies which used pre‐pubertal rat Sc (18 ± 2‐day old) as it is easy to isolate and culture Sc at this age. To this end, we established a less time consuming and less harsh procedure of isolating Sc from adult (60 days of age) rat testis for facilitating research on Sc‐mediated regulation of spermatogenesis during adulthood. The cells were isolated using collagenase digestion at higher temperature, reducing the exposure time of cells to the enzyme. Step‐wise digestion with intermittent removal of small clusters of tissue helped in increasing the yield of Sc. Isolated Sc were cultured and treated with FSH and testosterone (T) to evaluate their hormone responsiveness in terms of lactate, E2, cAMP production. Adult Sc were found to be active and produced high amounts of lactate in a FSH‐independent manner. FSH‐mediated augmentation of cAMP and E2 production by adult Sc was less as compared with that by pre‐pubertal Sc obtained from 18‐day‐old rats. Androgen‐binding ability of adult Sc was significantly higher than pre‐pubertal Sc. Although T treatment remarkably augmented expression of Claudin 11, it failed to augment lactate production by adult Sc. This efficient and rapid procedure for isolation and culture of functionally viable adult rat Sertoli cells may pave the way for determining their role in regulation and maintenance of spermatogenesis
Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs
Authors: Fang Jiachen , Cao Yang , Matsuzaki Masatoshi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Kimura Hirofumi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.
Autonomy is a Right, Not a Feat: How Theoretical Misconceptions have Muddled the Debate on Dynamic Consent to Biobank Research
Authors: Johnsson Linus , Eriksson Stefan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractShould people be involved as active participants in longitudinal medical research, as opposed to remaining passive providers of data and material? We argue in this article that misconceptions of ‘autonomy’ as a kind of feat rather than a right are to blame for much of the confusion surrounding the debate of dynamic versus broad consent. Keeping in mind two foundational facts of human life, freedom and dignity, we elaborate three moral principles – those of autonomy, integrity and authority – to better see what is at stake. Respect for autonomy is to recognize the other's right to decide in matters that are important to them. Respect for integrity is to meet, in one's relationship with the other, their need to navigate the intersection between private and social life. Respect for authority is to empower the other – to help them to cultivate their responsibility as citizens. On our account, to force information onto someone who does not want it is not to respect that person's autonomy, but to violate integrity in the name of empowerment. Empowerment, not respect for autonomy, is the aim that sets patient‐centred initiatives employing a dynamic consent model apart from other consent models. Whether this is ultimately morally justified depends on whether empowerment ought to be a goal of medical research, which is questionable.