bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver‐Based Radical Reactions: Development and Insights
Authors: Fang Guichun , Cong Xuefeng , Zanoni Giuseppe , Liu Qun , Bi Xihe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSilver‐mediated reactions have recently emerged as a frontier area in organic chemistry. Indeed, the remarkable property of silver as a single‐electron oxidant has led to its exploitment into the field of radical chemistry. The excellent reactivity and high selectivity exhibited by silver salts in the activation of different organic substrates place them among the most prominent reagents in free radical reactions. The present review aims to provide the readers with a critical overview of silver‐based radical reactions, especially emphasizing the reactivity, selectivity and a detailed description of the reaction mechanism with particular attention to the role of Ag(I)‐based catalysts/reactants. The selected examples have been classified according to the type of radicals generated, namely carbon‐centered radicals and heteroatom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur)‐centered radicals. The generation of such radicals as well as their application in synthetic processes including oxidation, addition, coupling, and radical cascades have been described in detail.magnified image
Does postoperative morbidity worsen the oncological outcome after radical surgery for gastrointestinal cancers? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Shimada Hideaki , Fukagawa Takeo , Haga Yoshio , Oba Koji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThe impact of postoperative complications on survival after radical surgery for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review of recent publications to examine the effect of postoperative complications on oncological outcome.MethodsA literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed using the keywords “esophageal cancer,” “gastric cancer,” and “colorectal cancer,” obtaining 27 reports published online up until the end of April 2016. Articles focusing on (i) postoperative morbidity and oncological outcome; and (ii) body mass index (BMI), postoperative morbidity, and oncological outcome, were selected. Univariate and multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazards model) were performed.ResultsPatients with postoperative complications had significantly poorer long‐term survival than those without complications. Complications were associated with impaired oncological outcomes. The hazard ratios for overall survival were 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31‐2.12), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.13‐2.24), and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.28‐1.87) in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, respectively. High BMI was associated with postoperative morbidity rate but not with poor oncological outcome. Low BMI was significantly associated with inferior oncological outcome.ConclusionsComplications after radical surgery for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers are associated with patient prognosis. Avoiding such complications might improve the outcomes.
Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Current trends and concerns
Authors: Hanada Keiji , Amano Hironobu , Abe Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEarly detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) is essential for a better prognosis. Some recent studies have demonstrated that a slight dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and small cystic lesions were detected initially in most cases diagnosed at an early stage. Detecting these abnormal findings in cases with high risk factors through an effective screening system including image diagnosis, some biological markers, or familial cancer registrations should contribute to early diagnosis of PC. It has been reported that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is essential for detecting tumors <10 mm with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is useful for confirming final histological diagnosis. For the diagnosis of stage 0 PC, local irregular stenosis of MPD should be an important initial abnormal sign detected by EUS or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Cytodiagnosis multiple times using pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage should be essential for the final diagnosis. Recently, activities of regional networks between specialist doctors in medical centers and general practitioners for early diagnosis of PC have been reported in Japan. In the future, these activities may play an important role in the early diagnosis of PC.
Strict glycemic control to prevent surgical site infections in gastroenterological surgery
Authors: Takesue Yoshio , Tsuchida Toshie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPerioperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for surgical site infections (SSI). Although the recommended target blood glucose level (BG) is 140–180 mg/dL for critically ill patients, recent studies conducted in patients undergoing surgery showed a significant benefit of intensive insulin therapy for the management of perioperative hyperglycemia. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the benefits of strict glycemic control for reducing SSI in gastroenterological surgery. We carried out a post‐hoc analysis of the previously published data from research on the risk factors for SSI. The highest BG within 24 hours after surgery was evaluated. A total of 1555 patients were enrolled in the study. In multivariate analysis, a dose–response relationship between the level of hyperglycemia and the odds of SSI was demonstrated when compared with the reference group (≤150 mg/dL) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–2.49 for 150–200 mg/dL; and OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.40–3.29 for >200 mg/dL). Unexpectedly, hyperglycemia was not a significant risk factor for SSI among diabetes patients. By contrast, non‐diabetes patients with a BG of >150 mg/dL were found to have increased odds of SSI. In conclusion, a target BG of ≤150 mg/dL is recommended in patients without diabetes who undergo gastroenterological surgery. Additional study is required to determine an optimal target BG in diabetes patients. Because of the risk of hypoglycemia, a conventional protocol is indicated for patients admitted to the general ward where frequent glucose measurement is not assured.
Neonatal cardiac ultrasound: How accurate are we?
Authors: Priyadarshi Archana , Klimek Jan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the accuracy of neonatal clinician‐performed cardiac ultrasound (CPU) in detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) in newborn infants with no antenatally suspected cardiac abnormality.MethodsWe reviewed records of all infants diagnosed with CHD, identified all new cases of CHD detected by CPU and classified them as ‘severe’ or ‘other’; the ‘severe CHD’ was further classified as ‘critical’ or ‘non‐critical CHD’. We compared the CPU diagnosis to the final diagnosis as per paediatric cardiologist echocardiography.ResultsA total of 357 infants identified to have any form of CHD; 50 newly diagnosed by neonatal CPU: 21 ‘severe’ and 29 ‘other’ CHD. The neonatologist CPU had a high concordance rate with the final diagnosis. There were three incorrect diagnoses identified by CPU.ConclusionThis audit demonstrates high accuracy, in our unit, of neonatal CPU in identifying new cases of CHD not suspected antenatally. A neonatal CPU could enhance the pickup rate and, with appropriate referral to a paediatric cardiologist, improve the clinical care of infants born with CHD.
Triplex DNA Nanostructures: From Basic Properties to Applications
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Cecconello Alessandro , Idili Andrea , Ricci Francesco , Willner Itamar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTriplex nucleic acids have recently attracted interest as part of the rich “toolbox” of structures used to develop DNA‐based nanostructures and materials. This Review addresses the use of DNA triplexes to assemble sensing platforms and molecular switches. Furthermore, the pH‐induced, switchable assembly and dissociation of triplex‐DNA‐bridged nanostructures are presented. Specifically, the aggregation/deaggregation of nanoparticles, the reversible oligomerization of origami tiles and DNA circles, and the use of triplex DNA structures as functional units for the assembly of pH‐responsive systems and materials are described. Examples include semiconductor‐loaded DNA‐stabilized microcapsules, DNA‐functionalized dye‐loaded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and the pH‐induced release of the loads. Furthermore, the design of stimuli‐responsive DNA‐based hydrogels undergoing reversible pH‐induced hydrogel‐to‐solution transitions using triplex nucleic acids is introduced, and the use of triplex DNA to assemble shape‐memory hydrogels is discussed. An outlook for possible future applications of triplex nucleic acids is also provided.
Multivalent Peptide–Nanoparticle Conjugates for Influenza‐Virus Inhibition
Authors: Lauster Daniel , Glanz Maria , Bardua Markus , Ludwig Kai , Hellmund Markus , Hoffmann Ute , Hamann Alf , Böttcher Christoph , Haag Rainer , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo inhibit binding of the influenza A virus to the host cell glycocalyx, we generate multivalent peptide–polymer nanoparticles binding with nanomolar affinity to the virus via its spike protein hemagglutinin. The chosen dendritic polyglycerol scaffolds are highly biocompatible and well suited for a multivalent presentation. We could demonstrate in vitro that by increasing the size of the polymer scaffold and adjusting the peptide density, viral infection is drastically reduced. Such a peptide–polymer conjugate qualified also in an in vivo infection scenario. With this study we introduce the first non‐carbohydrate‐based, covalently linked, multivalent virus inhibitor in the nano‐ to picomolar range by ensuring low peptide‐ligand density on a larger dendritic scaffold.
Facile synthesis of magnetic hybrid metal–organic frameworks with high adsorption capacity for methylene blue
Authors: Wang Rui , Ge Chunhua , Xing Tianzhu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yundi , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: April 2017

A magnetic hybrid material (Fe3O4‐COOH/HKUST‐1) was easily synthesized via a two‐step simple solvothermal method. Through adding sodium acrylate directly into the synthesis of Fe3O4 spheres, the surface has more carboxyl groups. It is notable that the reactions proceed without use of organic surfactants. The magnetic hybrid material was characterized using various techniques. The magnetic hybrid material has a high specific surface area (430.15 m2 g−1) and excellent magnetism (23.65 emu g−1). It is an efficient adsorbent for removing organic dyes like methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. It also can be easily recovered from liquid media using an external magnetic field. Adsorption experiment shows the magnetic hybrid material possesses a high adsorption capacity (118.6 mg g−1), and has high adsorption efficiency (94.3%) after five adsorption cycles with ethanol (0.2% HCl) as eluent. The sorption kinetics and isotherm analysis indicate these sorption processes are better fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir equations. Thermodynamic study shows the sorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic.
A Game Theory‐Based Coordination and Optimization Control Methodology for a Wind Power‐Generation Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: Han Xiaojuan , Yu Xiaoling , Liang Yubo , Li Jianlin , Zhao Zekun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe installation of an energy storage system to smooth the fluctuations of wind power output at a certain wind farm can improve the electric quality of wind power connected to the grid. In order to reduce the capacity of the energy storage system and the loss of the battery and make full use of the advantages of the super‐capacitor, a game theory‐based coordination and optimization control methodology for a wind power‐generation and storage system (WPGSS) is presented in this paper. Aiming to maximize the WPGSS's overall profit, the methodology, taking the smoothing effect of the active power, the cost of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), and the earnings of wind power connected to grid into consideration, builds a coordination and optimization control model based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm combined with game theory. In the model, the low‐pass filtering signal obtained by the EEMD is used to smooth the fluctuations of wind power output, and the band‐pass filtering signal and high‐pass filtering signal obtained by the EEMD are used to achieve energy distribution among the HESS. Cooperative game theory is introduced to determine the filter order of the EEMD according to the state of charge (SOC) of the HESS and to achieve the coordination and optimization control of the WPGSS taking the maximization of the WPGSS's overall profit as the game's goal constraint conditions. The genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are adopted to solve the model's optimal solution, and the simulation tests were realized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide a theoretical basis for the coordination and optimization control of the WPGSS.
Structural Insights into the Recognition of N2‐Aryl‐ and C8‐Aryl DNA Lesions by the Repair Protein XPA/Rad14
Authors: Ebert Charlotte , Simon Nina , Schneider Sabine , Carell Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAromatic amines are strongly carcinogenic. They are activated in the liver to give reactive nitrenium ions that react with nucleobases within the DNA duplex. The reaction occurs predominantly at the C8 position of the dG base, thereby giving C8‐acetyl‐aryl‐ or C8‐aryl‐dG adducts in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Alternatively, reaction with the exocyclic 2‐NH2 group is observed. Although the C8 adducts retain base‐pairing properties, base pairing is strongly compromised in the case of the N2 adducts. Here we show crystal structures of two DNA lesions, N2‐acetylnaphthyl‐dG and C8‐fluorenyl‐dG, within a DNA duplex recognized by the repair protein Rad14. The structures confirm that two molecules of the repair protein recognize the lesion and induce a 72 or 78° kink at the site of the damage. Importantly, the same overall kinked structure is induced by binding of the repair proteins, although the structurally different lesions result in distinct stacking interactions of the lesions within the duplex. The results suggest that the repair protein XPA/Rad14 is a sensor that recognizes flexibility. The protein converts the information that structurally different lesions are present in the duplex into a unifying sharply kinked recognition motif.
Rare presentation of 6q16.3 microdeletion syndrome with severe upper limb reduction defects and duodenal atresia
Authors: Donahue Megan L. , Rohena Luis O. 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe present a patient with a 17.31 MB interstitial deletion of 6q16.3‐6q22.31, who demonstrates a unique constellation of 6q‐ features. Among 6q‐ patients, he has limb reduction among the most severe reported, he is the second patient with duodenal atresia, and is the first documented case of diaphragmatic eventration.
Nasogastric tube‐administered alectinib achieved long‐term survival in a crizotinib‐refractory nonsmall cell lung cancer patient with a poor performance status
Authors: Kanai Osamu , Kim Young Hak , Nakatani Koichi , Fujita Kohei , Mio Tadashi 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageAlectinib shows remarkable efficacy against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with minimal adverse effects. Therefore, alectinib may provide a survival benefit to ALK‐positive NSCLC patients with a poor performance status. If the medication cannot be taken by mouth, the patient may be given alectinib through a nasogastric tube.
In Situ Formation of Metal Carbide Catalysts
Authors: Moyer Megan M. , Karakaya Canan , Kee Robert J. , Trewyn Brian G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetal carbide catalysts are essential to many widely used chemical processes. Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, methane dehydroaromatization and biomass conversion catalysts are typically prepared in situ from a metal oxide precursor with a carbon‐containing gas. The reduction process of the metal oxide affects the final catalyst, as does the carburization gas mixture and metal promoters. By looking at materials that are carburized in situ, new insights can be gained about catalyst activation, fuel processing, and deactivation stages. The main focuses of this Review are iron carbide, molybdenum carbide and nickel carbide; analyzing catalyst synthesis methods, reduction steps, in situ carburization and improvements to the native processes. By combining years of research on these catalysts, trends and similarities are observed that can be used to improve current catalytic studies.
Comparison of the Performances of Different Reduced Forms of a Condenser Model
Authors: Ahuja Sanjeev , Arya Raj Kumar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSymbolic manipulation uncovers hidden constraints for a model and facilitates model reduction for solution. The present work points out possible pitfalls of this procedure and finds possible solutions. The performances of different reduced forms of a condenser model are compared under step and impulse perturbations. The system does not need to be at steady state before perturbation. Some symbolically manipulated models cause inconsistent reinitialization and convergence and introduce significant computational errors. Physically unreasonable system behavior thus emerges, which worsens with increasing model complexity. Nevertheless, the less symbolically manipulated models present realistic and accurate behaviors. Another approach to model reduction is the reformulation of a model through a physical insight. A physically reformulated model proposed for the system leads to accurate and physically reasonable system behavior.
Improved Methodology for Absorption Measurements in Ionic Liquids with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Schmidt Clemens , Heym Florian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe knowledge of vapor‐liquid equilibrium data of mixtures with performance chemicals, such as ionic liquids (ILs), is highly important for technical applications. New insights into the utilization of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) for reliable absorption measurements in ILs are provided. The validity of the Sauerbrey equation for rigid films and bulk liquids is widely discussed in literature. This work shows how to ensure the validity of the Sauerbrey equation during absorption measurements in thin liquid films. Furthermore, the advantages of the employment of rough electrodes for absorption measurements within thin liquid films in comparison to polished ones are described in detail. Important recommendations in application of the QCM systems regarding gravimetric measurements are presented.
Synthesis of Mono‐, Bis‐ and Tris(pentafluoroethyl)tin Derivatives, (C2F5)4−nSnXn (X=Ph, Me, Cl, Br, Cp; n=1–3)
Authors: Klösener Johannes , Wiesemann Markus , Niemann Mark , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor (pentafluoroethyl)phenylstannanes, (C2F5)4−n SnPhn (n=1–3), and dimethylbis(pentafluoroethyl)stannane, (C2F5)2SnMe2, a high yield synthesis was developed by the use of LiC2F5 as a C2F5 transfer reagent. The treatment of these products with gaseous hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide afforded (C2F5)4−nSnXn (X=Cl, Br; n=1–3) in good yields. The (pentafluoroethyl)stannanes were fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F and 119Sn NMR, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The treatment of the (pentafluoroethyl)tin halides (C2F5)4−nSnXn with 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) led to the formation of the corresponding octahedrally coordinated complexes [(C2F5)4−nSnXn(phen)], the structures of which were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analyses.The bromostannane (C2F5)3SnBr reacted with sodium cyclopentadienide to give the (η1‐cyclopentadienyl)tris(pentafluoroethyl)stannane, (C2F5)3SnCp, for which single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis could be performed. The coupling constants 1J(119Sn,13C) and 2J(119Sn,19F) of all new stannanes are strongly correlated and sensitive to the substitution pattern at the tin atom. For both coupling constants a negative sign could be assigned.
Design, Synthesis, and Chemistry of Bis(σ)borate and Agostic Complexes of Group 7 Metals
Authors: Saha Koushik , Ramalakshmi Rongala , Gomosta Suman , Pathak Kriti , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Halet Jean‐François , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of new bis(σ)borate and agostic complexes of group 7 metals have been synthesized and structurally characterized from various borate ligands, such as trihydrobis(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)amideborate (Na[(H3B)bbza]), trihydro(2‐aminobenzothiazolyl)borate (Na[(H3B)abz]), and dihydrobis(2‐mercaptopyridyl)borate (Na[(H2B)mp2]) (bbza=bis(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)amine, abz=2‐aminobenzothiazolyl, and mp=2‐mercaptopyridyl). Photolysis of [Mn2(CO)10] with Na[(H3B)bbza] formed bis(σ)borate complex [Mn(CO)3(μ‐H)2BHNCSC6H4(NR)] (1; R=NCSC6H4). Octahedral complex [Re(CO)2(N3C2S2C12H8)2] (2) was generated under similar reaction conditions with [Re2(CO)10]. Similarly, when [Mn2(CO)10] was treated with Na[(H3B)abz], bis(σ)borate complex [Mn(CO)3(μ‐H)2BH(HN2CSC6H4)] (3) and the agostic complex [Mn(CO)3(μ‐H)BH(HN2CSC6H4)2] (4) were formed. To probe the potential formation of agostic complexes of the heavier group 7 metals, we carried out the photolysis of [M2(CO)10] with Na[(H2B)mp2] and found that [M(CO)3(μ‐H)BH(C5H4NS)2] (5: M=Re; 6: M=Mn) was formed in moderate yield. Complexes 1 and 3 feature a (κ3‐H,H,N) coordination mode, whereas 4, 5, and 6 display both (κ3‐H,N,N) and (κ3‐H,S,S) modes of the corresponding ligands. To investigate the lability of the CO ligands of 1 and 3, we treated the complexes with phosphine ligands that generated novel bis(σ)borate complexes [Mn(μ‐H)2(BHNCSC6H4)(NR)(CO)2PL2L’] (R=NCSC6H4; 7 a: L=L’=Ph; 7 b: L=Ph, L’=Me) and [Mn(μ‐H)2BHN(NCSC6H4)R(CO)2PL2L’] (R=NCSC6H4; 8 a: L=L’=Ph; 8 b: L=Ph, L’=Me). Complexes 7 and 8 are structural isomers with different coordination modes of the bbza ligand. In addition, DFT calculations were performed to shed some light on the bonding and electronic structures of these complexes.