bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant films based on gelatin capsules and minimally processed beet root (Beta vulgaris L. var. Conditiva) residues
Authors: Iahnke Aline Oliveira e Silva , Costa Tania Maria Haas , de Oliveira Rios Alessandro , Flôres Simone Hickmann 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBiocomposite films were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of beet root residue powder (BRP) (2, 4, 8, and 12 g BRP/100 g water) into films based on residues of gelatin capsules (GCR) (40 g GCR/100 g water). Control films had no BRP added. A complete mechanical, physicochemical, barrier, optical, and antioxidant characterization of all films was performed. Among all the films considered, BRP12 was found to present the most adequate properties and was further investigated. SEM micrographs showed that BRP12 presented a less homogeneous surface in comparison with the control film, but they showed similar thermal stability. After 15 days of soil degradation, the films lost over 75% of weight. The films were effective on protecting sunflower oil from primary oxidation process, and BRP12 showed higher protection than control film. Therefore, this study suggests that the formulated films could act as promising antioxidant materials and contribute to environmentally friendly technologies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43094.
A multi‐scalar analysis of Māori land use on Ahuahu (Great Mercury Island), New Zealand
Authors: McIVOR ISAAC H. , LADEFOGED THEGN N. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe duration and mode of occupation of pre‐European Māori living in northern New Zealand was influenced by their subsistence strategies. Our analysis of the surface archaeological remains on Ahuahu (Great Mercury Island, Coromandel) examines how communities practiced horticulture and interacted with their local ecological and social environments through mobility, storage and competition. Focusing on a 300 ha study area in the northern quarter of the island, we use a multi‐scalar land‐unit (LU) approach to categorize the landscape as a continuously varying phenomenon with multiple characteristics. Our results suggest that the largest concentrations of horticultural features were located in areas with high sunlight exposure (insolation), good soils, low slopes and stream access. This patterning indicates that specific areas were probably being targeted for horticultural production, although differential feature preservation and visibility must also be considered. The spatial organisation of storage pits, residential features and fortified locations suggests year‐round occupation of the island, not just summer planting. The heterogeneous characteristics of the landscape influenced the settlement of three particular zones on the island. We suggest that the economic defensibility of these areas would have facilitated territoriality within a socio‐historical context of population fluidity and mobility.
Roasting breadfruit in the Pacific: A combined plant macroremain and phytolith analysis from Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
Authors: LEVIN MAUREECE J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn eastern Micronesia, breadfruit is an important staple crop and has probably been part of the diet since initial settlement. This paper uses combined macroremains and phytolith analysis to identify breadfruit production from a historical feature on Temwen Island, Pohnpei, Micronesia. Charred breadfruit exocarp material was recovered, indicating breadfruit roasting. Phytolith analysis from this feature does not provide direct evidence of breadfruit, but does reveal other taxa that are not present in flotation samples, demonstrating the utility of analysing multiple lines of botanical data. Thus, this project presents new botanical evidence for breadfruit and a method for approaching a more comprehensive study of cooking practices.
Apoptosis Evaluation by Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Yin Jian , Miao Peng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractApoptosis has close relevance to pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology. Accurate and convenient detection of apoptosis would be beneficial for biological study, clinical diagnosis, and drug development. Based on distinct features of apoptotic cells, a diversity of analytical techniques have been exploited for sensitive analysis of apoptosis, such as surface plasmon resonance, electrochemical methods, flow cytometry, and some imaging assays. Among them, the features of simplicity, easy operation, low cost, and high sensitivity make electrochemical techniques powerful tools to investigate electron‐transfer processes of in vitro biological systems. In this contribution, a general overview of current knowledge on various technical approaches for apoptosis evaluation is provided. Furthermore, recently developed electrochemical biosensors for detecting apoptotic cells and their advantages over traditional methods are summarized. One of the main considerations focuses on designing the recognition elements based on various biochemical events during apoptosis.
Copper‐Mediated Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of 2‐Methylpyridine and 8‐Methylquinoline with Methyl Ketones and Benzamides
Authors: Kumar Gadde Sathish , Boyle Joshua William , Tejo Ciputra , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare (E)‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)enones and (E)‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)enones that relies on the respective copper(I)‐catalyzed formal cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction of 2‐methylpyridine and 8‐methylquinoline with methyl ketones has been discovered. The mechanism was delineated to follow a pathway involving oxidation of the N‐heterocycle to its corresponding aldehyde adduct prior to reaction with the methyl ketone. The versatility and substrate dependent divergence in the reactivity of the copper‐mediated CDC strategy was exemplified by its application to the synthesis of N‐(quinolin‐8‐ylmethyl)amide and N‐(quinolin‐8‐ylmethyl)aniline adducts on switching the cross‐coupling partner to benzamides or an aniline derivative.
CSR  in  Japanese Companies: Perspectives from Managers
Authors: Eweje Gabriel , Sakaki Mina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIncreasingly, corporations are expected to be more socially and environmentally responsible in the communities and society where their operations are located. This is more so with ever growing sensitivity towards social and environmental issues, and demands from various stakeholders expecting corporations to do more for society. This study examines managers' actual CSR perceptions and practices in Japan. The paper reports on an empirical study carried out in Japan in 2012, where 12 Japanese global companies were interviewed about their CSR and sustainability strategy and practices. Results reveal that companies that participated in the study are keen to demonstrate that CSR is integral to their business strategy and have various projects and initiatives to support their position and commitment. For example, the tsunami disaster in March 2011 demonstrates how Japanese companies pulled their resources together to support the victims. However, there are other areas such as volunteering, diversity in the workplace and work–life balance that require more business attention. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Optimal Retrofit Design of Crude Distillation Units for Processing Shale Gas/Natural Gas Condensate Oil
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Xu Qiang , Ho Thomas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe increasing production of condensate oil due to shale gas/natural gas booming has economically motivated refiners to add this valuable and abundant crude source into their feedstock. Many refineries, however, were originally built to process heavier crudes, whose design must be retrofitted to enable the processing of the changed feedstock. The conceptual retrofit design of crude distillation units for processing condensate oil has been studied. Four retrofit designs are proposed and simulated including facilities of preflash column, atmospheric distillation unit, and vacuum distillation unit. All retrofit designs are comprehensively evaluated by steady‐state modeling for feasibility check, energy consumption analysis for operating cost evaluation, and retrofit cost evaluation. The retrofit design with preflash columns in sequence potentially could be the most economical case.
Solar Electricity and Solar Fuels: Status and Perspectives in the Context of the Energy Transition
Authors: Armaroli Nicola , Balzani Vincenzo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables is already ongoing, but it will be a long and difficult process because the energy system is a gigantic and complex machine. Key renewable energy production data show the remarkable growth of solar electricity technologies and indicate that crystalline silicon photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines are the workhorses of the first wave of renewable energy deployment on the TW scale around the globe. The other PV alternatives (e.g., copper/indium/gallium/selenide (CIGS) or CdTe), along with other less mature options, are critically analyzed. As far as fuels are concerned, the situation is significantly more complex because making chemicals with sunshine is far more complicated than generating electric current. The prime solar artificial fuel is molecular hydrogen, which is characterized by an excellent combination of chemical and physical properties. The routes to make it from solar energy (photoelectrochemical cells (PEC), dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPEC), PV electrolyzers) and then synthetic liquid fuels are presented, with discussion on economic aspects. The interconversion between electricity and hydrogen, two energy carriers directly produced by sunlight, will be a key tool to distribute renewable energies with the highest flexibility. The discussion takes into account two concepts that are often overlooked: the energy return on investment (EROI) and the limited availability of natural resources—particularly minerals—which are needed to manufacture energy converters and storage devices on a multi‐TW scale.
β2‐microglobulin normalization within 6 months of ibrutinib‐based treatment is associated with superior progression‐free survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Thompson Philip A. , O'Brien Susan M. , Xiao Lianchun , Wang Xuemei , Burger Jan A. , Jain Nitin , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Estrov Zeev , Keating Michael J. , Wierda William G. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDA high pretreatment β2‐microglobulin (B2M) level is associated with inferior survival outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, to the authors' knowledge, the prognostic and predictive significance of changes in B2M during treatment have not been reported to date.METHODSThe authors analyzed 83 patients treated with ibrutinib‐based regimens (66 with recurrent/refractory disease) and 198 treatment‐naive patients who were treated with combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) to characterize changes in B2M and their relationship with clinical outcomes.RESULTSB2M rapidly decreased during treatment with ibrutinib; on multivariable analysis, patients who received FCR (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.18‐0.90 [P = .027]) were less likely to have normalized B2M at 6 months than patients treated with ibrutinib. On univariable analysis, normalization of B2M was associated with superior progression‐free survival (PFS) from the 6‐month landmark in patients treated with ibrutinib‐based regimens and FCR. On multivariable analysis, failure to achieve normalized B2M at 6 months of treatment was associated with inferior PFS (hazard ratio, 16.9; 95% CI, 1.3‐220.0 [P = .031]) for patients treated with ibrutinib, after adjusting for the effects of baseline B2M, stage of disease, fludarabine‐refractory disease, and del(17p). In contrast, in patients treated with FCR, negative minimal residual disease status in the bone marrow was the only variable found to be significantly associated with superior PFS (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.67 [P = .004]).CONCLUSIONSNormalization of B2M at 6 months in patients treated with ibrutinib was found to be a useful predictor of subsequent PFS and may assist in clinical decision‐making. Cancer 2016;122:565–573. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Three‐dimensional immersive virtual reality for studying cellular compartments in 3D models from EM preparations of neural tissues
Authors: Calì Corrado , Baghabra Jumana , Boges Daniya J. , Holst Glendon R. , Kreshuk Anna , Hamprecht Fred A. , Srinivasan Madhusudhanan , Lehväslaiho Heikki , Magistretti Pierre J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAdvances in the application of electron microscopy (EM) to serial imaging are opening doors to new ways of analyzing cellular structure. New and improved algorithms and workflows for manual and semiautomated segmentation allow us to observe the spatial arrangement of the smallest cellular features with unprecedented detail in full three‐dimensions. From larger samples, higher complexity models can be generated; however, they pose new challenges to data management and analysis. Here we review some currently available solutions and present our approach in detail. We use the fully immersive virtual reality (VR) environment CAVE (cave automatic virtual environment), a room in which we are able to project a cellular reconstruction and visualize in 3D, to step into a world created with Blender, a free, fully customizable 3D modeling software with NeuroMorph plug‐ins for visualization and analysis of EM preparations of brain tissue. Our workflow allows for full and fast reconstructions of volumes of brain neuropil using ilastik, a software tool for semiautomated segmentation of EM stacks. With this visualization environment, we can walk into the model containing neuronal and astrocytic processes to study the spatial distribution of glycogen granules, a major energy source that is selectively stored in astrocytes. The use of CAVE was key to the observation of a nonrandom distribution of glycogen, and led us to develop tools to quantitatively analyze glycogen clustering and proximity to other subcellular features. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:23–38, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eclecticism versus Purity: Mediation Styles Used in New Zealand Employment Disputes
Authors: Morris Grant 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost employment mediation in New Zealand is carried out by Resolution Services under the Employment Relations Act 2000. This article focuses on mediation styles. According to policy and statute, what styles are claimed to be used? According to mediators, what styles are actually used? What are the repercussions of these findings? Resolution Services’ eclectic approach to mediation styles is both consciously practiced and effective. However, this approach means that parties have little idea which style to expect and that mediators are mixing and matching styles which, according to the style creators, are not supposed to be mixed and matched.
All‐Iron Redox Flow Battery Tailored for Off‐Grid Portable Applications
Authors: Tucker Michael C. , Phillips Adam , Weber Adam Z. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn all‐iron redox flow battery is proposed and developed for end users without access to an electricity grid. The concept is a low‐cost battery which the user assembles, discharges, and then disposes of the active materials. The design goals are: (1) minimize upfront cost, (2) maximize discharge energy, and (3) utilize non‐toxic and environmentally benign materials. These are different goals than typically considered for electrochemical battery technology, which provides the opportunity for a novel solution. The selected materials are: low‐carbon‐steel negative electrode, paper separator, porous‐carbon‐paper positive electrode, and electrolyte solution containing 0.5 m Fe2(SO4)3 active material and 1.2 m NaCl supporting electrolyte. With these materials, an average power density around 20 mW cm−2 and a maximum energy density of 11.5 Wh L−1 are achieved. A simple cost model indicates the consumable materials cost US$6.45 per kWh−1, or only US$0.034 per mobile phone charge.
Dual‐Phase Oxygen Transport Membranes for Stable Operation in Environments Containing Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Garcia‐Fayos Julio , Balaguer María , Serra José M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDual‐phase membranes are appealing candidates for oxygen transport membranes owing to their unique combination of ambipolar electron–ion transport and endurance. However, O2 separation in industrial environments demands very high stability and effectiveness in the presence of CO2‐ and SO2‐bearing process gases. Here, the composition of dual‐phase membranes based on NiFe2O4–Ce0.8Tb0.2O2−δ (NFO‐CTO) was optimized and the effective performance of catalytically‐activated membranes was assessed in presence of CO2 and SO2. Further insight into the limiting mechanisms in the permeation was gained through electrical conductivity studies, permeation testing in several conditions and impedance spectroscopy analysis. The dual‐phase membranes were prepared by one‐pot sol‐gel method and their permeability increases with increasing fluorite content. An O2 flux of 0.25 (ml min−1 cm−2) mm at 1000 °C was obtained for a thick self‐standing membrane with 40:60 NFO/CTO composition. An in‐depth study mimicking typical harsh conditions encountered in oxyfuel flue gases was performed on a 50:50 NFO/CTO membrane. CO2 content as well as SO2 presence in the sweep gas stream were evaluated in terms of O2 permeation. O2 fluxes of 0.13 and 0.09 mL min−1 cm−2 at 850 °C were obtained for a 0.59 mm thick membrane under CO2 and 250 ppm SO2 in CO2 sweep conditions, respectively. Extended periods at work under CO2‐ and SO2‐containing atmospheres revealed good permeation stability over time. Additionally, XRD, backscattered electrons detector (BSD)‐SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the spent membrane confirmed material stability upon prolonged exposure to SO2.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at zebrafish red and white muscle show different properties during development
Authors: Ahmed Kazi T. , Ali Declan W. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are highly expressed at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where they are required for muscle activation. Understanding the factors that underlie NMJ development is critical for a full understanding of muscle function. In this study we performed whole cell and outside‐out patch clamp recordings, and single‐cell RT‐qPCR from zebrafish red and white muscle to examine the properties of nAChRs during the first 5 days of development. In red fibers miniature endplate currents (mEPCs) exhibit single exponential time courses at 1.5 days postfertilization (dpf) and double exponential time courses from 2 dpf onwards. In white fibers, mEPCs decay relatively slowly, with a single exponential component at 1.5 dpf. By 2 and 3 dpf, mEPC kinetics speed up, and decay with a double exponential component, and by 4 dpf the exponential decay reverts back to a single component. Single channel recordings confirm the presence of two main conductance classes of nAChRs (∼45 pS and ∼65 pS) in red fibers with multiple time courses. Two main conductance classes are also present in white fibers (∼55 pS and ∼73 pS), but they exhibit shorter mean open times by 5 dpf compared with red muscle. RT‐qPCR of mRNA for nicotinic receptor subunits supports a switch from γ to ε subunits in white fibers but not in red. Our findings provide a developmental profile of mEPC properties from red and white fibers in embryonic and larval zebrafish, and reveal previously unknown differences between the NMJs of these muscle fibers.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 916–936, 2016
Local and neighboring patch conditions alter sex‐specific movement in banana weevils
Authors: Carval Dominique , Perrin Benjamin , Duyck Pierre‐François , Tixier Philippe 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying the movements and spread of a species over time and space is a major concern of ecology. Here, we assessed the effects of an individual's sex and the density and sex ratio of conspecifics in the local and neighboring environment on the movement probability of the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus. In a “two patches” experiment, we used radiofrequency identification tags to study theC. sordidusmovement response to patch conditions. We showed that local and neighboring densities of conspecifics affect the movement rates of individuals but that the density‐dependent effect can be either positive or negative depending on the relative densities of conspecifics in local and neighboring patches. We demonstrated that sex ratio also influences the movement ofC. sordidus, that is, the weevil exhibits nonfixed sex‐biased movement strategies. Sex‐biased movement may be the consequence of intrasexual competition for resources (i.e., oviposition sites) in females and for mates in males. We also detected a high individual variability in the propensity to move. Finally, we discuss the role of demographic stochasticity, sex‐biased movement, and individual heterogeneity in movement on the colonization process.
Crystal Structure, Magnetic, Electronic, and Thermal Transport Properties of Ternary Compounds REReB4 (RE = Ce, Gd–Er, Yb)
Authors: Abramchuk Mykola , Schnelle Walter , Veremchuk Igor , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Grin Yuri , Gumeniuk Roman 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRare‐earth rhenium borides REReB4 (RE = Ce, Gd–Er, Yb) were synthesized by various methods, including spark plasma sintering. They crystallize with the YCrB4 structure type (space group Pbam). The Tb, Ho, Er, and Yb representatives are Curie–Weiss paramagnets with the RE atoms in the +3 oxidation state, whereas the cerium atoms in CeReB4 are in the 4f0 configuration (oxidation state +4). Electronic‐structure calculations predict CeReB4 to be a metal with a density of states N(EF) = 1.6 states eV–1 f.u.–1 (f.u.: formula unit). Measurements of the transport properties confirm that REReB4 (RE = Ce, Tb, Ho) are metallic materials with low thermopowers and relatively high thermal conductivities.
Synthesis of 5‐Phosphonoisoxazol­ine N‐Oxides by Selective O‐Alkylation of Nitronate Anions
Authors: Perez Vincent , Rabasso Nicolas , Fadel Antoine 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA series of 5‐phosphonoisoxazoline N‐oxides were prepared in good to excellent yields by selective O‐alkylation of nitronate anions with (α‐tosyloxyvinyl)phosphonates. A comprehensive study was undertaken to limit the competitive formation of the (β‐nitrocyclopropyl)phosphonate resulting from C‐alkylation of the ambident nitronate anions. The 5‐phosphonoisoxazoline N‐oxides thus formed were reduced to the corresponding 5‐phosphonoisoxazolines.
Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Turkiyenine
Authors: Kobayashi Hisataka , Sasano Yusuke , Kanoh Naoki , Kwon Eunsang , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe secondary metabolite, turkiyenine, is a probable bioactive component of the medicinal plant, Hypecoum procumbens L. Structurally, it is an isoquinoline‐derived alkaloid composed of dihydrobenzofuran and 3‐benzazepine‐1‐one moieties arranged in a unique spirocyclic structure. Yet despite the intriguing structure and medicinal relevance of benzofuran and benzazepine motifs, neither a synthetic study nor a biological evaluation of turkiyenine have been reported to date. Herein we communicate the first total synthesis of the proposed structure of turkiyenine, and on the basis of X‐ray crystallography show that the proposed structure is incorrect. The key steps of our synthesis include an aza‐spiro annulation onto a benzofuran using a rhodium–nitrenoid to construct a 3‐alkyl‐3‐amino‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran, an acyl‐alkylation of an aryne onto a β‐ketolactam to form a 3‐benzazepine‐1‐one, and chemoselective reduction of an amide in the presence of a ketone.