bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellites
Authors: Pinkster Harm 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The chapter deals with constituents that function as adjunct or disjunct in their clause. Within both categories further semantic distinctions are made. The criteria used to distinguish the various types of adjunct are question words and the possibility for different adjuncts to occur in the same clause. For each semantic type of adjunct whenever possible a distinction is made in accordance with the types of constituents that may be used in those functions, such as noun phrases (in the accusative, dative, or ablative case), prepositional phrases, and adverbs. Some adjuncts are sensitive to the content of the nucleus of the sentence (for instance, they only occur with controlled states of affairs), others are not. Disjuncts are divided into attitudinal and illocutionary disjuncts.
The Ritual Interplay of Fire and Water in Hindu and Buddhist Tantras
Authors: Grether Holly 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the symbolic relations between fire and water in ritual performances of both Hindu and Buddhist tantric traditions. In one form or another, water appears both before and after fire, thus providing a kind of symbolic framing device. The chapter finds this pairing to be more than coincidental, but rather to constitute a ritual rule, one that applies across the full range of Asian fire rituals, from the Zoroastrian yasna to the homa rituals of Japanese tantric practice. The chapter also touches on themes found in several of the other chapters, those of the internalization of ritual, and of gendered symbolism—fire as masculine and water as feminine. It also argues that in addition to Vedic influences on the creation of tantric homa rites, Zoroastrian ritual practices were also formative.
Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: part I – method
Authors: Hair, Jr. Joe F. , Sarstedt Marko , Matthews Lucy M , Ringle Christian M 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of unobserved heterogeneity in the context of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), its prevalence and challenges for social science researchers. Part II – in the next issue (European Business Review, Vol. 28 No. 2) – presents a case study, which illustrates how to identify and treat unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM using the finite mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS) module in the SmartPLS 3 software.Design/methodology/approach– The paper merges literatures from various disciplines, such as management information systems, marketing and statistics, to present a state-of-the-art review of FIMIX-PLS. Based on this review, the paper offers guidelines on how to apply the technique to specific research problems.Findings– FIMIX-PLS offers a means to identify and treat unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM and is particularly useful for determining the number of segments to extract from the data. In the latter respect, prior applications of FIMIX-PLS restricted their focus to a very limited set of criteria, but future studies should broaden the scope by considering information criteria, theory and logic.Research limitations/implications– Since the introduction of FIMIX-PLS, a range of alternative latent class techniques have emerged to address some of the limitations of the approach relating, for example, to the technique’s inability to handle heterogeneity in the measurement models and its distributional assumptions. The second part of this article (Part II) discusses alternative latent class techniques in greater detail and calls for the joint use of FIMIX-PLS and PLS prediction-oriented segmentation.Originality/value– This paper is the first to offer researchers who have not been exposed to the method an introduction to FIMIX-PLS. Based on a state-of-the-art review of the technique in Part I, Part II follows up by offering a step-by-step tutorial on how to use FIMIX-PLS in SmartPLS 3.
Social learning for management development
Authors: LeNir Philip 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce social learning for management development.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper introduces perspectives on how managers learn to be managers in organizations. And introduces Mintzberg’s approach to management education and discusses how it is being applied to management development directly in the workplace.

Findings
– Mintzbergs approach to management education, when used in the context of management development directly in the workplace, leads to an approach which allows for self-directed learning in small groups.

Research limitations/implications
– None.

Practical implications
– L
&
D practitioners need to experiment and pilot truly novel pedagogical approaches to management development in their organizations.

Originality/value
– This paper introduces the thinking that led to a novel pedagogical approach to management development under the theme of social learning.
Ecological relevance of energy metabolism: transcriptional responses in energy sensing and expenditure to thermal and osmotic stresses in an intertidal limpet
Authors: Dong Yun‐wei , Zhang Shu 
Published: December 2015

SummaryFor rocky intertidal species that experience changes in a number of potential stressors seasonally and during the tidal cycle, sensing cellular energy status and modulating it adaptively may be crucial for responding to stressor effects. However, the responses of energy metabolism of intertidal species to multiple sublethal stressors are still unclear.Here, we examined gene expression profiles of biomarkers related to sensing of cellular energy status and regulation of catabolism and energy expenditure in a mid‐intertidal limpetCellana toreumafor elucidating the species’ cellular energy responses stresses from high temperature, desiccation and rainfall.Expression levels of genes encoding metabolic regulators [two subunits ofAMP‐activated protein kinase,ampkα,ampkβ;Fugene inhibition axis formation,axin; two sirtuins, NAD‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin‐1 (sirt1); NAD‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin‐5 (sirt5)], metabolic enzymes (hexokinase,hk; pyruvate kinase,pk; isocitrate dehydrogenase,idh) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) were quantified in specimens exposed to different temperatures and aerial/freshwater spray conditions.Based on the gene expression patterns, all individuals could be divided into three groups with divergent cellular energy status, indicating that the selected target genes are appropriate indicators of cellular metabolism. The divergent gene expression patterns indicated a sequence in which individuals from group 1, group 2 and group 3 were faced with increasing energy stress.The frequency distributions of individuals in the three groups were different among different time points and treatments, indicating that high temperature, desiccation, and rainfall, singly or in combination, could cause energy stress.Compared to the high percentage (100%) of individuals placed in the highest‐stress group (group 3), after 2 h of freshwater spray at 18 °C, the lower percentage (77·8%) of individuals in group 3 after 2 h of freshwater spray at 30 °C indicated the existence of interactive effects of high temperature and rain; high temperature resulted in a lower response of cellular energy metabolism to rainfall.Sublethal environmental stresses from single stressors such as temperature or osmotic challenges can lead to cellular energy stress. Interactions among stressors may lead to a complex overall effect on cellular energy status in intertidal species.
Microform‐scale variations in peatland permeability and their ecohydrological implications
Authors: Baird Andy J. , Milner Alice M. , Blundell Antony , Swindles Graeme T. , Morris Paul J. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

The acrotelm–catotelm model of peatland hydrological and biogeochemical processes posits that the permeability of raised bogs is largely homogenous laterally but varies strongly with depth through the soil profile; uppermost peat layers are highly permeable while deeper layers are, effectively, impermeable.

We measured down‐core changes in peat permeability, plant macrofossil assemblages, dry bulk density and degree of humification beneath two types of characteristic peatland microform – ridges and hollows – at a raised bog in Wales. Six 14C dates were also collected for one hollow and an adjacent ridge.

Contrary to the acrotelm–catotelm model, we found that deeper peat can be as highly permeable as near‐surface peat and that its permeability can vary by more than an order of magnitude between microforms over horizontal distances of 1–5 m.

Our palaeoecological data paint a complicated picture of microform persistence. Some microforms can remain in the same position on a bog for millennia, growing vertically upwards as the bog grows. However, adjacent areas on the bog (< 10 m distant) show switches between microform type over time, indicating a lack of persistence.

Synthesis. We suggest that the acrotelm–catotelm model should be used cautiously; spatial variations in peatland permeability do not fit the simple patterns suggested by the model. To understand how peatlands as a whole function both hydrologically and ecologically, it is necessary to understand how patterns of peat physical properties and peatland vegetation develop and persist.
Interactive Impact of Armed Conflicts on Foreign Direct Investments in Africa
Authors: Ezeoha Abel Ebeh , Ugwu John Okereke 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study examined the interactive impact of armed conflicts on FDI flows into Africa. A dataset involving 41 African countries and a dynamic system GMM model were adopted. The findings showed that conflict had a significant negative effect on FDIs; and that infrastructural development significantly moderated the impact of conflicts. The study also revealed that the impact of conflict was higher for natural resource‐rich countries than for non‐resource‐rich countries, and that the impact was both regional and seasonal sensitive. The findings suggest that rebuilding conflict‐induced infrastructure destructions can play significant role in attracting FDIs even in conflict‐prone countries of Africa.
Potential Roles of Humanin on Apoptosis in the Heart
Authors: Charununtakorn Savitree T. , Shinlapawittayatorn Krekwit , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is known as a key player in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. The proposed mechanism for apoptosis is the activation of two main apoptotic signaling pathways (the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways), which lead to cell death. As the rate and amount of cardiomyocyte loss is the most important determinant of patient morbidity and mortality, novel treatment strategies targeting apoptosis are crucial. Recently, Humanin has been shown to exert protective effects against cellular apoptosis in both experimental and clinical studies. The potential cardioprotective mechanisms of Humanin have been shown to involve both the extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, the current knowledge and the mechanisms inhibiting cellular apoptosis by Humanin during cardiac injury are comprehensively summarized. In addition, both research and clinical findings regarding the effects of Humanin on the heart and vasculature are also presented and discussed. Currently available information suggests that Humanin may exert cardioprotective benefits and could potentially be used as a novel pharmacological intervention against cellular apoptosis during myocardial injury.
An unusual ocular complication following dental anaesthesia: case report
Authors: Kempster C , Ghabriel M , Kaidonis G , Townsend G 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUsed routinely by dental practitioners, local anaesthetics are generally a safe and effective means of achieving pain control during invasive dental procedures. Delivery, however, is technique sensitive and the potential for patient complication exists. Although reasonably rare, ocular complications have occurred, often leaving the patient and the clinician in distress. Such reported events have almost always involved tissue responses ipsilateral to the injection site. The current case report presents an unusual event involving involuntary fasciculation or hemifacial spasm and eventual eyelid closure on the contralateral side following a routine inferior alveolar nerve block. Aspects including the patient's history, the observed response, a pathophysiological hypothesis and patient management are discussed.
Serum protein profiles of patients with lung cancer of different histological types
Authors: Yang Rui Hong , Tian Rui Fen , Ren Qiao Li , Chui Hong Ying , Guo Su Tang , Zhang Xu Dong , Song Xia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimsTo compare serum protein expression profiles between lung cancer patients and healthy individuals, and to examine whether there are differences in serum protein expression profiles among patients with lung cancers of different histological types and whether the characteristic expression of serum proteins may assist in differential diagnosis of various subtypes of lung cancers.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 123 lung cancer patients before commencement of treatment who attended Shanxi Cancer Hospital, China, between 2008 and 2013. Blood samples from 60 healthy individuals were also collected in the same period. Serum protein expression profiles were analyzed using surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The differences in the serum protein spectrums of lung cancer patients with different histological subtypes were analyzed by one‐way Analysis of Variance and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsA cluster of 48 protein mass‐to‐change ratio (M/Z) peaks was differentially expressed between sera of lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. The M/Z 1205, 4673, 1429 and 4279 peaks were differentially expressed among patients with lung squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and small‐cell lung carcinomas.ConclusionThese results reinforce the notion that profiling of serum proteins may be of diagnostic value in lung cancer, and suggest that the differences in serum protein profiles may be useful in differential diagnosis of lung cancers of varying histological subtypes.
Management and outcomes of children with severe burns in New South Wales: 1995–2013
Authors: Hyland Ela J. , Lawrence Torey , Harvey John G. , Holland Andrew J. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of improvements in injury prevention, severe burns appear increasingly uncommon in Australian children. Such injuries continue to have devastating impacts, with major consequences for the patient, their family, treating clinicians and the caring institution.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of Australian children who presented to our institution between 1995 and 2013 with burn injuries ≥30% total body surface area (TBSA).ResultsNinety children were identified. Their median age was 3.9 years and 57% (n = 52) were male. Most injuries occurred at home (n = 63) due to fires (n = 49). The majority received inadequate first aid (n = 56) and 40 became hypothermic during initial resuscitation. A total of 79% were transferred from other institutions. The median TBSA burnt was 40% and the majority of burns were full thickness (n = 51). All but nine were managed in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with a mean initial hospital admission of 43.5 days. Two thirds of children were intubated, over half of those prior to transfer, with 26 having an inhalational injury and 33 escharotomies. Compared with estimated fluid requirements, most children were over‐resuscitated by a median of 26.9 mL/kg. There were seven mortalities. Wound infections were common (n = 65) and 36 suffered sepsis. The median number of dressing changes was 13 (range 0–100), operations were six and packed cells transfused was 95.7 mL/kg. Overall, 54 developed hypertrophic scarring and 45 scar contractures that have required subsequent reconstructive surgery.ConclusionSevere burn injuries in children have significant morbidity and mortality. They would appear expensive to manage and impact substantially on health care resources.
Effect of interactions of polymorphisms in the Melanocortin‐4 receptor gene with dietary factors on the risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Koochakpoor G. , Hosseini‐Esfahani F. , Daneshpour M. S. , Hosseini S. A. , Mirmiran P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo perform a systematic review of the effect of interaction between Melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) single nucleotide polymorphisms and diet on the development of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.BackgroundEnvironmental factors, such as nutrient intakes or feeding behaviours, can modulate the association of polymorphism in the MC4R gene with obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, with a combination of the following keywords: Diet*, nutr*, melanocortin receptor, melanocortin 4 receptor and MC4R. To assess the quality of observational studies, we used a 12‐item quality checklist, derived from the STREGA statement.ResultsA total of 14 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consumption of highly salty foods and adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can modulate the association between MC4R polymorphisms and the risk of obesity or Type 2 diabetes. Despite the highly contradictory results of intervention studies, after short‐term lifestyle interventions, children with variant alleles of MC4R single nucleotide polymorphisms can lose more body weight, compared with non‐carriers, although they may have difficulty in maintaining this weight loss in the long‐term. To interpret the results of studies on adults, we need further studies.ConclusionsThe interaction between MC4R genes with dietary factors plays a significant role in the development of obesity or Type 2 diabetes phenotypes. Early detection of MC4R risk alleles in individuals and modification of their diet based on these results could be an efficient strategy to prevent obesity or diabetes in these subgroups.
Association of diabetic foot ulcer and death in a population‐based cohort from the United Kingdom
Authors: Walsh J. W. , Hoffstad O. J. , Sullivan M. O. , Margolis D. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimsThe presence of diabetic foot ulcers is strongly associated with an increased risk of death. In this study, we investigate whether the effects of diabetes‐associated complications can explain the apparent relationship between diabetic foot ulcers and death.MethodsWe analysed data from 414 523 people with diabetes enrolled in practices associated with The Health Improvement Network in the United Kingdom. Our methods were designed to control for potential confounders in order to isolate the relationship between diabetic foot ulcers and death. Using proportional hazards models and the area under the receiver operator curve, we evaluated the effects of diabetic foot ulcers and the covariates on death.ResultsAmong the patients, 20 737 developed diabetic foot ulcers; 5.0% of people with new ulcers died within 12 months of their first foot ulcer visit and 42.2% of people with foot ulcers died within 5 years. After controlling for major known complications of diabetes that might influence mortality, the correlation between diabetic foot ulcers and death remained strong with a fully adjusted hazard ratio of 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 2.43, 2.54). Geographic variance existed but was not spatially associated.ConclusionsDiabetic foot ulcers are linked to an increased risk of death. This cannot be explained by other common risk factors. These results suggest that either there are major unknown risk factors associated with both diabetic foot ulcers and death, or that diabetic foot ulceration itself is a serious threat, which seems unlikely. A diabetic foot ulcer should be seen as a major warning sign for mortality, necessitating closer medical follow‐up.
Circumflex Origin from Right Coronary Artery—The Anomaly That Should Not Be Omitted during Echocardiography—”Crossed Aorta” and “Bleb Sign” Presentation after Stents Implantation
Authors: Wierzbowska‐Drabik Karina , Kasprzak Jarosław D. , Mrozowska‐Peruga Ewa , Peruga Jan Z. 
Published: December 2015

Mini‐AbstractSimultaneously with the development of echocardiography its potential in the assessment of coronary arteries increases. We reported previously that the anomalous circumflex (Cx) originating from right coronary artery (RCA) with retroaortic course may be observed in transesophageal examination (TEE) as vessel cross section in the mitroaortic angle—”bleb sign” or visualized in modified apical four‐chamber view behind left atrium during transthoracic study (TTE). In present case, we propose novel finding indicating on this anomaly in apical five‐chamber view in TTE forming “crossed aorta” sign. Additionally, the presence of stents in Cx enhanced echocardiographic presentation of anomalous artery course.
Projected impacts of climate change on stream salmonids with implications for resilience‐based management
Authors: Carlson Andrew K. , Taylor William W. , Schlee Kelsey M. , Zorn Troy G. , Infante Dana M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe sustainability of freshwater fisheries is increasingly affected by climate warming, habitat alteration, invasive species and other drivers of global change. The State of Michigan, USA, contains ecologically, socioeconomically valuable coldwater stream salmonid fisheries that are highly susceptible to these ecological alterations. Thus, there is a need for future management approaches that promote resilient stream ecosystems that absorb change amidst disturbances. Fisheries professionals in Michigan are responding to this need by designing a comprehensive management plan for stream brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. To assist in developing such a plan, we used stream‐specific regression models to forecast thermal habitat suitability in streams throughout Michigan from 2006 to 2056 under different predicted climate change scenarios. As baseflow index (i.e., relative groundwater input) increased, stream thermal sensitivity (i.e., relative susceptibility to temperature change) decreased. Thus, the magnitude of temperature warming and frequency of thermal habitat degradation were lowest in streams with the highest baseflow indices. Thermal habitats were most suitable in rainbow trout streams as this species has a wider temperature range for growth (12.0–22.5 °C) compared to brook charr (11.0–20.5 °C) and brown trout (12.0–20.0 °C). Our study promotes resilience‐based salmonid management by providing a methodology for stream temperature and thermal habitat suitability prediction. Fisheries professionals can use this approach to protect coldwater habitats and drivers of stream cooling and ultimately conserve resilient salmonid populations amidst global change.