bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Determination of Irbesartan and Bisoprolol hemifumarate independently in their Tablets
Authors: Afaf A. Abdelmonem  , Gamal H. Ragab  , Hisham A. Hashem  , Eman A. Bahgat  
Published: April 2016

Sensitive, simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of Irbesartan (IRB) and Bisoprolol hemifumarate (BPH) in their tablets dosage form. Both methodologies are based on charge transfer reaction between the studied drugs and 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzen-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole NBD-Cl. The developed orange products were measured in the appropriate solvent fluorometrically at 534 and 538 nm after excitation at 465 and 470 nm for IRB and BPH, respectively. The fluorescence–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 2.5–8 μg/mL for IRB and 6–16 μg/mL for BPH with lower detection limits of 0.18 and 0.39 μg/mL and a lower quantification limit of 0.55 and 1.17 μg/mL for IRB and BPH, respectively. The spectrophotometric method is based on measuring the orange colored products which were developed upon charge transfer complex formation between the studied drugs and (NBD-Cl) in organic media. This showed absorption maxima at 476 nm and 479 nm for IRB and BPH, respectively. The absorbance–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 20–90 μg/mL for IRB and 40–160 μg/mL for BPH with lower detection limits of 1.37 and 3.98 μg/mL and lower quantification limits of 4.17 and 12.06 μg/mL for IRB and BPH, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of the two selected drugs. The current study showed that the results were in good agreement with the reference methods.
Andalucía, un estilo de vida oral
Authors: Almeida Julio 
Published: April 2016

Ya en el Libro egipcio de los muertos pueden leerse palabras de un alma que se confiesa. Esta alma hace confesión negativa y cuenta una larga serie de pecados que no ha hecho y que copio al azar: ¡Oh tú, espíritu! Yo no cometí malas acciones; yo no cometí ningún fraude; yo no robé; yo no maté a mis semejantes; yo no mentí; yo no escuché detrás de las puertas; yo nunca cometí adulterio; yo nunca inicié querellas; yo nunca enriquecí de forma ilícita; yo no pequé jamás por hablar demasiado.
Para los antiguos egipcios, por lo visto, hablar demasiado era pecar.
Según las hipótesis más recientes, el hombre empezó a hablar hace unos cien mil años, cuando aún se hallaba en el Paleolítico Inferior, pero obviamente hay considerables diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas. Quisiera mostrar y demostrar que Andalucía se distingue por un estilo de vida predominantemente oral. Los andaluces se mantienen fieles a una forma de vida pregutemberiana. Con las excepciones de rigor, los andaluces leen más bien poco y hablan mucho y muy bien. Esta es la cuestión.
ANXIOLYTIC - LIKE PROPERTIES OF HALLEA CILIATA IN MICE
Authors: Jacqueline Stephanie Njapdounke Kameni , Gisele Nkantchoua Nkamguie , Fleur Clarisse Moto Okomolo , Germain Aiwe Sotoing , Neteydji Idiki , Simon Pale , Espoir Rigobert Ayissi Mbomo , Elisabeth Ngo Bum 
Published: April 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic properties of the decoction of stem bark of Hallea ciliata
in mice. The decoction of Hallea ciliata is used in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat diseases like anxiety disorders, fever,
infantile convulsions and malaria.
Materials and Methods: Stress induced hyperthermia, elevated plus maze, open field and hole-board tests were used. Four different
doses of the decoction were administered to mice and their effects were compared to the effects of diazepam and vehicle.
Phytochemical characterization of the decoction revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins.
Results: Administration of Hallea ciliata resulted in a significant decrease of stress induced hyperthermia in mice at the doses of
29.5, 59 and 118 mg/kg. In the elevated plus maze test, Hallea ciliata increased the number of entries and the percentages of entries
and time into the open arms, and reduced the number of entries and the percentages of entries and time into the closed arms. In the
hole-board test, Hallea ciliata increased the number of both head-dipping and crossing and decreased the latency to the first headdips
and rearing. The decoction of Hallea ciliata and diazepam increased locomotion in the open field test.
Conclusion: The number of rearing and the mass of fecal boli produced were decreased in mice treated with decoction and
diazepam. In conclusion, the results indicated that decoction of Hallea ciliata has anxiolytic-like properties in mice and could
potentially be used for anxiety treatment.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AMOMUM VILLOSUM: A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION ON THREE DIFFERENT PRODUCTION MODES
Authors: Lai Yun-Feng , Chen Ling-Xiao , Chen Yu-Ning , Zhao Jing , Leong Fong , Li Xi-Wen , Yang Qing , Li Peng , Hu Hao 
Published: April 2016

Background: Amomum Villosum (A. Villosum), called Chunsharen in Chinese, is widely used in treating gastrointestinal disease. Its
clinical benefits have been confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Facing the shortage of wild A. Villosum, artificial
cultivating and natural fostering have been practiced in recent years. Therefore, it would be wondered whether the three different
types of A. Villosum are comparable or not, particularly the herbal qualities, technological challenges, ecological impacts and
economic benefits.
Material and methods: In this study, we combined quality research by using GC-MS, and field investigation to provide a systematic
assessment about the three types of A. Villosum from these four aspects.
Results: It found that the wild type had low output and was in an endangered situation. The artificial cultivation had larger
agriculturing area with higher productivity, but faced the ecological challenges. Lastly, the natural fostering type generated the
highest economic benefit and relatively low ecological impact. In addition, the natural fostering type had relatively better quality
than the other types.
Conclusion: Therefore, it suggests that natural fostering can be applied for long-term sustainable development of A. Villosum.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF TULBAGHIA VIOLACEA HARV. IN A DIABETIC MODEL.
Authors: Moodley Kogi , Mackraj Irene 
Published: April 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a cluster of metabolic diseases with chronic hyperglycemia as a defining feature, associated
with long-term organ damage and dysfunction. In this study we examined the effect of Tulbaghia violacea rhizome methanolic
extract on blood glucose and lipids in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (250-300g) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with streptozotocin (60mg/kg body
weight) to induce diabetes; or provided with distilled water for the control (CON) (3 ml/kg/b.w.) animals and treatment with TVL
(60mg/kg.b.w). The rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals per group as follows: Non-diabetic control (NDC)-received
distilled water (3ml/kg.b.w), Non-diabetic TVL (ND+TVL)-received TVL (60mh/kg b.w), Diabetic control (DC)-received distilled
water (3ml/kg.b.w), Diabetic experimental (D+TVL)-received TVL (60mg/kg.b.w), Diabetic experimental (D+M)-received
Metformin (250 mg/kg.b.w). All doses were administered daily via oral gavage.
Results: TVL-treated animals showed reduced blood glucose, increased plasma insulin, reduced plasma TG, TC, VLDL and
increased HDL. Furthermore we found decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased superoxide
dismutase (SOD) activity and nitric oxide significantly. Regarding renal parameters we found increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN),
and improved renal morphology in TVL-treated animals.
Conclusion: Tulbaghia violacea has a hypoglycaemic effect which could due to its effects on multiple pathways of the
hyperglycemic process. Further work is needed to identify the mechanism of its antidiabetic effect.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PLATYCODIN D ON ALCOHOL-INDUCED FATTY LIVER RATS VIA TLR4-MYD88-NF-
Authors: Wu Jing-tao , Yang Gui-wen , Qi Cui-hua , Zhou Lei , Hu Jian-guo , Wang Mao-shan 
Published: April 2016

Background: The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of PD, triterpenoid saponins extracted from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorumon on alcohol-induced fatty liver and investigate the possible mechanism of anti-inflammation and anti-endotoxin.
Methods and Materials: A rat model was set up by feeding alcohol and fish oil to experimental animals, which then were treated with PD of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks, respectively. Whereafter, liver function enzymes, endotoxin of serum and liver lipid were assayed by biochemical methods, cytokines, histochemistry of hepatic tissue, the protein expression of CD14 and the TLR4, the mRNA expression of MD-2, MyD 88 and TRAF-6 were assayed.
Results: Treatment with PD on ALF rats significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL, coefficient of liver index and the hepatic tissue contents of TG, additionally and dramatically ameliorated gut leakiness, decreased serum endotoxins levels, down-regulated MD-2 and CD14 levels, as well as the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF-6, accordingly suppressed NF-
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LYCOPENE AGAINST THE GROWTH OF HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS
Authors: Zhou ShenKang , Zhang RuiLi , Bi TieNan , Lu Yong , Jiang LiangXian 
Published: April 2016

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Lycopene on HGC-27 cells.
Materials and methods HGC-27 cells were treated with varying concentration lycopene for 24, 48, 72 h. The cell growth inhibition
was analyzed by MTT. Western blotting was used to indicate changes in the levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ERK (extracellular
signal‐regulated protein kinase) and phosphorylation-ERK (p-ERK).
Results Lycopene displayed antiproliferative activity in HGC-27 cell lines. Western blotting showed that Lycopene significantly
enhanced LC3-I, p-ERK proteins expression. In gastric cancer nude mice model, lycopene treatment significantly decreased tumour
weight. These findings indicated that lycopene treatment induces the anti-proliferation of HGC-27 cells.
Conclusion Lycopene treatment inhibited HGC-27 cells growth by activating ERK.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI.
Authors: Mahlo Salome Mamokone , Chauke Hassani Richard , McGaw Lyndy , Eloff Jacobus 
Published: April 2016

Background: Medicinal plants are used by many ethnic groups as a source of medicine for the treatment of various ailments in both
humans and domestic animals. These plants produce secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial properties, thus screening of
medicinal plants provide another alternative for producing chemical fungicides that are relatively non-toxic and cost-effective.
Materials and methods: Leaf extracts of selected South African plant species (Bucida buceras, Breonadia salicina, Harpephyllum
caffrum, Olinia ventosa, Vangueria infausta and Xylotheca kraussiana) were investigated for activity against selected
phytopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Colletotricum gloeosporioides, Penicillium janthinellum, P.
expansum, Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum). These plant fungal pathogens causes major economic losses in fruit
industry such as blue rot on nectaries and postharvest disease in citrus. Plant species were selected from 600 evaluated inter alia,
against two animal fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Antioxidant activity of the selected plant
extracts were investigated using a qualitative assay (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)). Bioautography assay was used to
determine the number of antifungal compounds in plant extracts.
Results: All plant extracts were active against the selected plant phytopathogenic fungi. Moreover, Bucida buceras had the best
antifungal activity against four of the fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.02 mg/ml and 0.08
mg/ml against P. expansum, P. janthinellum, T. harzianum and F. oxysporum. The plant extracts of five plant species did not possess
strong antioxidant activity. However, methanol extract of X. kraussiana was the most active radical scavenger in the DPPH assay
amongst the six medicinal plants screened. No antifungal compounds were observed in some of the plant extracts with good
antifungal activity as shown in the microdilution assay, indicating possible synergism between the separated metabolites.
Conclusion: The results showed that acetone was the best extractant. Furthermore, our findings also confirm the traditional use of
Breonadia salicina and demonstrate the potential value of developing biopesticides from plants.
EFFECTS OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SWIMMING-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SERUM OF GUINEA PIGS
Authors: BursaÄ‡-MitroviÄ‡ Marija , MilovanoviÄ‡ Dragan R. , MitiÄ‡ Radoslav , JovanoviÄ‡ Danijela , SovrliÄ‡ Miroslav M. , VasiljeviÄ‡ Perica , TomoviÄ‡ Jovica , ManojloviÄ‡ Nedeljko 
Published: April 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol as well as combination of
these vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise on intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity
of total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase in the serum of guinea pigs.
Materials and Methods: The experimental measurements of intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity of
total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase were done in the serum of guinea pigs. The animals
were exposed to the test load to achieve exhaustion and the test was terminated when the animal for the third time to sink into the
water.
Results: The results of this study demonstrated that endurance exercise of guinea pigs induced oxidative stress response in terms of
increased lipid peroxidation and activity of xanthine oxidase in the serum of experimental animals. Our study investigated the
antioxidant activity of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol also measuring three protective markers in the serum: total antioxidant
activity, content of glutathione and activity of catalase. The results obtained show that the vitamins influence the concentrations of
above mentioned biochemical parameters, which points out their protective effect of swimming-induced oxidative stress.
Conclusion: Single or combined administration of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol caused significant inhibition of these
markers indicating the important antioxidant activity of the vitamins. Results lead to conclude that the combined treatments with
vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise showed the clear synergistic effect.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AMORPHOPHALLUS CAMPANULATUS IN STZ INDUCED ALZHEIMER RAT MODEL
Authors: Chen Dong 
Published: April 2016

Background: The present investigation deals with the assessment of neuroprotective effect Amorphophallus campanulatus (AC) tuber in
alzheimer diseased (AD) rat and also postulates its possible mechanism of action.
Material and Methods: AD was induced by administering streptozotocin i.e. STZ (3 mg/kg, ICV) day one and 3rd day after surgery.
Surgery was performed on anesthetized rats by the help of stereotaxic apparatus. STZ induced AD rats were treated with petroleum ether
extract of AC (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. Effect of AC tuber in AD rats were assessed by estimating the alteration in the
behavior (Y maze apparatus and single trail passive avoidance), biochemical parameter in the brain tissue {Oxidative stress parameters
(SOD, CAT and LPO), amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE)} and histopathological study of brain tissue.
Result: Treatment with AC shows significant (p
Dimensionality-Dependent Foam Rheological Properties: How To Go From Linear to Radial Geometry for Foam Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Lee W.. , Lee S.. , Izadi M.. , Kam S. I. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Numerous laboratory and field tests reveal that foam can effectively control gas mobility and improve sweep efficiency, if correctly designed. It is believed that there is a significant gap between small laboratory-scale experiments and large field-scale tests because of two main reasons: (1) Typical laboratory flow tests are conducted in linear systems, whereas field-scale foam enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes are performed in radial (or spherical partly) systems and (2) through the complicated in-situ lamella creation/coalescence mechanisms and non-Newtonian behavior, foam rheology depends on the geometry and dimensionality. As a result, it is still an open question as to how to translate laboratory-measured data to field-scale treatments.
Motivated by earlier studies of Kovscek et al. (1994, 1997), this study investigates how such dimensionality-dependent foam rheological properties are affected by different injection conditions on small and large scales, with a mechanistic foam-modeling technique. Complex foam-flow characteristics such as three foam states (weak-foam, strong-foam, and intermediate states) and two steady-state strong-foam regimes (high-quality regime and low-quality regime) lie in the heart of this analysis.
The calculation results from small radial and spherical systems showed that (1) for strong foams in the low-quality regime injected, foam mobility decreased [or mobility reduction factor (MRF) increased] significantly with distance showing a good sweep efficiency; (2) for strong foams in the high-quality regime, the situation became more complicated—near the well, foam mobility decreased, but away from the well, foam mobility increased with distance, which eventually gave a relatively low sweep efficiency; and (3) for weak foams injected, foam mobility increased with distance showing a poor sweep efficiency. The results implied that the use of a fixed value of MRF, which is a common practice in field-scale reservoir simulations, might lead to a significant error. When the method was applied to a larger scale, it was shown that strong foams could propagate deeper into the reservoir at higher injection rate, higher injection pressure, and at lower injection foam quality. Foam-propagation distance was very sensitive to these injection conditions for strong foams in the high-quality regime, but much less sensitive for strong foams in the low-quality regime.
How CO2 Storage Mechanisms are Different in Organic Shale: Characterization and Simulation Studies
Authors: Pu Hui , Wang Yuhe , Li Yinghui 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Widely-distributed organic-rich shales are being considered as one of the important carbon sequestration targets owing to three differentiators compared with conventional reservoirs and saline aquifers: 1) trapping of significant amount of CO2 permanently; 2) kerogen-rich shale's higher affinity of CO2; 3) existing infrastructure of wells and pipelines, etc. makes CO2 storage in organic-rich shales attractive because shale formations in US are in the vicinity of existing power or chemical plants. As a result, there are large savings for infrastructure and inventory, e.g., CO2 purification facility and pipelines, for plant operators as compared with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in depleted conventional reservoirs or saline aquifers. The incapability to model capillarity with the consideration of imperative pore size distribution (PSD) characteristics using commercial software may lead to inaccurate results for CCUS. We developed a novel algorithm to examine how PSD would alter phase and flow behavior under nano-pore confinements. The assumptions in Langmuir isotherm in commercial software are not held for liquid-rich shale, and CO2 storage purpose in particular. Our adsorption model incorporates adsorption behavior using a local density optimization algorithm and is designed for multi-component interactions to adsorption sites for a full spectrum of reservoir pressures of interests. This feature allowed us to fully understand the storage and sieving capabilities for CO2/N2 flue gas system with remaining reservoir fluids.
Optimization of Post-Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Cleanup Utilizing Polymer Content Determination in Flowback Liquid Samples
Authors: Al-Ali Ammar H. , Al-Anazi Hamoud A. , Aziz Azly Abdul , Panda Saroj K. , Al-Hajji Adnan A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Cross-linked hydraulic fracturing fluid gel can induce high damage in the fracture when left for a long time. Any residual gel not produced back reduces the conductivity of the fracture and the well productivity, leading to an extended flowback for a cleanup operation, which is not cost-effective.
The objective of this study is to assess the cleanup operation effectiveness by conducting a laboratory testing on the flowback fluid samples from hydraulically fractured three development wells to optimize flowback duration and cost, and minimizing formation damage; and thereby enhancing well productivity.
These wells are drilled in a clastic Devonian gas reservoir in Saudi Arabia. This reservoir has a range of permeability varying from tight (0.1 mD) that requires stimulation to highly prolific (greater than one Darcy) that produces naturally.
The laboratory analysis technique that was used for assessing the cleanup effectiveness is based on determination of the polymer content in the flowback of the fracturing fluid with a size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The technique provides the polymer concentration in the return fluid in a series of samples collected throughout the cleanup operation. The polymer strength of the residual fracturing fluids can then be inferred from the polymer concnetration and the production performance. This study shows that the SEC technique is effective to qualitatively determine the residual polymer content. The results are useful in establishing trends for the effective flowback practices based on different reservoir and fracture characteristics. Using the laboratory results to optimize these parameters, formation damage can be minimized and well productivity will be ultimately enhanced.
Real Gas Transport Through Complex Nanopores of Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Wu Keliu , Chen Zhangxin (John) 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A model for real gas transfer in nanopores of shale gas reservoirs (SGRs) was proposed on the basis of the weighted superposition of slip flow and Knudsen diffusion, where the ratios of the intermolecular collisions and the molecule-nanopore wall collisions to the total collisions are the weighted factors of slip flow and Knudsen diffusion, respectively. The present model takes account of slip effect and real gas effect, additionally, the effects of cross-section type and its shape of nanopores on gas transport are also considered in this paper. The present model is successfully validated against existing molecular simulation data collected from different sources in literature. The results show: (1) the present model is reasonable to describe all of the gas transport mechanisms known, including continuum flow, slip flow and transition flow in nanopores of SGRs; (2) cross-section type and shape of nanopores both affect gas transfer capacity: at the same cross-sectional area, gas transfer capacity of nanopores with a circular cross-section is greater than that with a rectangular cross-section, and gas transfer capacity of nanopores with a rectangular cross-section decreases with an increasing aspect ratio; compared to cross-section type, the effect of cross-section shape on gas transfer capacity is stronger; (3) a real gas effect improves gas transfer capacity, which becomes more obvious with an increasing pressure and a decreasing pore size; (4) and compared to nanopores with a circular cross-section, the effect of real gas effect on gas transfer capacity of nanopores with a rectangular cross-section is stronger, and the effect increases with an increasing aspect ratio. The proposed model can provide some theoretical support in numerical simulation of reservoir behavior in SGRs.