bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global irradiance calibration of multifilter UV radiometers
Authors: Piedehierro A. A. , Cancillo M. L. , Serrano A. , Antón M. , Vilaplana J. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is well known that the amount of ultraviolet solar radiation (UV) reaching the Earth's surface is governed by stratospheric ozone, which has exhibited notable variations since the late 1970s. A thorough monitoring of UV radiation requires long‐term series of accurate measurements worldwide, and to keep track of its evolution, it is essential to use high‐quality instrumentation with an excellent long‐term performance capable of detecting low UV signal. There are several UV monitoring networks worldwide based on multifilter UV radiometers; however, there is no general agreement about the most suitable methodology for the global irradiance calibration of these instruments. This paper aims to compare several calibration methods and to analyze their behavior for different ranges of solar zenith angle (SZA). Four methods are studied: the two currently most frequently used methods referred to in the literature and two new methods that reduce systematic errors in calibrated data at large solar zenith angles. The results evidence that proposed new methods show a clear improvement compared to the classic approaches at high SZA, especially for channels 305 and 320 nm. These two channels are of great interest for calculating the total ozone column and other products such as dose rates of biological interest in the UV range (e.g., the erythemal dose).
Neural network temperature and moisture retrieval algorithm validation for AIRS/AMSU and CrIS/ATMS
Authors: Milstein Adam B. , Blackwell William J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present comprehensive validation results for the recently introduced neural network technique for retrieving vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and water vapor from spaceborne microwave and hyperspectral infrared sounding instruments. This technique is currently in operational use as the first guess for the NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Science Team Version 6 retrieval algorithm. The validation incorporates a variety of data sources, independent from the algorithm training set, as ground truth, including global numerical weather analyses generated by the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, synoptic radiosonde measurements, and radiosondes dedicated for validation. The results demonstrate significant performance improvements over the previous AIRS/advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) operational sounding retrievals in both retrieval error and also show comparable vertical resolution. We also present initial neural network retrieval results using measurements from the Cross‐Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) currently flying on the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite.
Modeling subcanopy incoming longwave radiation to seasonal snow using air and tree trunk temperatures
Authors: Webster Clare , Rutter Nick , Zahner Franziska , Jonas Tobias 
Published: December 2015

AbstractData collected at three Swiss alpine forested sites over a combined 11 year period were used to evaluate the role of air temperature in modeling subcanopy incoming longwave radiation to the snow surface. Simulated subcanopy incoming longwave radiation is traditionally partitioned into that from the sky and that from the canopy, i.e., a two‐part model. Initial uncertainties in predicting longwave radiation using the two‐part model resulted from vertical differences in measured air temperature. Above‐canopy (35 m) air temperatures were higher than those within (10 m) and below (2 m) canopy throughout four snow seasons (December–April), demonstrating how the forest canopy can act as a cold sink for air. Lowest model root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) was using above‐canopy air temperature. Further investigation of modeling subcanopy longwave radiation using above‐canopy air temperature showed underestimations, particularly during periods of high insolation. In order to explicitly account for canopy temperatures in modeling longwave radiation, the two‐part model was improved by incorporating a measured trunk view component and trunk temperature. Trunk temperature measurements were up to 25°C higher than locally measured air temperatures. This three‐part model reduced the RMSE by up to 7.7 W m−2 from the two‐part air temperature model at all sensor positions across the 2014 snowmelt season and performed particularly well during periods of high insolation when errors from the two‐part model were up to 40 W m−2. A parameterization predicting tree trunk temperatures using measured air temperature and incoming shortwave radiation demonstrate a simple method that can be applied to provide input to the three‐part model across midlatitude coniferous forests.
Identifying scale‐emergent, nonlinear, asynchronous processes of wetland methane exchange
Authors: Sturtevant Cove , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Knox Sara Helen , Verfaillie Joseph , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Oikawa Patricia Y. , Baldocchi Dennis 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMethane (CH4) exchange in wetlands is complex, involving nonlinear asynchronous processes across diverse time scales. These processes and time scales are poorly characterized at the whole‐ecosystem level, yet are crucial for accurate representation of CH4 exchange in process models. We used a combination of wavelet analysis and information theory to analyze interactions between whole‐ecosystem CH4 flux and biophysical drivers in two restored wetlands of Northern California from hourly to seasonal time scales, explicitly questioning assumptions of linear, synchronous, single‐scale analysis. Although seasonal variability in CH4 exchange was dominantly and synchronously controlled by soil temperature, water table fluctuations, and plant activity were important synchronous and asynchronous controls at shorter time scales that propagated to the seasonal scale. Intermittent, subsurface water table decline promoted short‐term pulses of methane emission but ultimately decreased seasonal CH4 emission through subsequent inhibition after rewetting. Methane efflux also shared information with evapotranspiration from hourly to multiday scales and the strength and timing of hourly and diel interactions suggested the strong importance of internal gas transport in regulating short‐term emission. Traditional linear correlation analysis was generally capable of capturing the major diel and seasonal relationships, but mesoscale, asynchronous interactions and nonlinear, cross‐scale effects were unresolved yet important for a deeper understanding of methane flux dynamics. We encourage wider use of these methods to aid interpretation and modeling of long‐term continuous measurements of trace gas and energy exchange.
Supramolecular Polymerization of a Pillar[5]arene Induced by a Symmetric Biaryl Sulfonate with Dual Binding Sites
Authors: Hong Meiling , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Liu Yan‐Cen , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMacrocycle‐based supramolecular polymers have attracted more interest in recent years and found many practical applications with controlled shape and unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, a binary supramolecular polymer is prepared in water by the strong host‐guest interactions between a cationic pillar[5]arene and a symmetric sulfonate with dual binding sites. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements show that the binding process of host‐guest complexation is governed in a thermodynamically favorable way with a high stability constant of up to 107 m−1 order of magnitude. Moreover, spectroscopic and microscopic investigations jointly demonstrate that the resulting stable polymer is multistimuli responsive towards temperature and competitive metal coordination. We anticipate that our obtained multistimuli‐responsive supramolecular polymer may offer a new way in the construction of more functionalized pillararene‐based nanoassemblies.
Chlorella vulgaris as a lipid source: Cultivation on air and seawater‐simulating medium in a helicoidal photobioreactor
Authors: Frumento Davide , Aliakbarian Bahar , Casazza Alessandro Alberto , Converti Attilio , Al Arni Saleh , da Silva Milena Fernandes 
Published: December 2015

The freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris was cultured batchwise on the seawater‐simulating Schlösser medium either in a 1.1‐L‐working volume helicoidal photobioreactor (HeP) or Erlenmeyer flask (EF) as control and continuously supplying air as CO2 source. In these systems, maximum biomass concentration reached 1.65 ± 0.17 g L−1 and 1.25 ± 0.06 g L−1, and maximum cell productivity 197.6 ± 20.4 mg L−1 day−1 and 160.8 ± 12.2 mg L−1 day−1, respectively. Compared to the Bold's Basal medium, commonly employed to cultivate this microorganism on a bench‐scale, the Schlösser medium ensured significant increases in all the growth parameters, namely maximum cell concentration (268% in EF and 126% in HeP), maximum biomass productivity (554% in EF and 72% in HeP), average specific growth rate (67% in EF and 42% in HeP), and maximum specific growth rate (233% in EF and 22% in HeP). The lipid fraction of biomass collected at the end of runs was analyzed in terms of both lipid content and fatty acid profile. It was found that the seawater‐simulating medium, despite of a 56–63% reduction of the overall biomass lipid content compared to the Bold's Basal one, led in HeP to significant increases in both the glycerides‐to‐total lipid ratio and polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to the other conditions taken as an average. These results as a whole suggest that the HeP configuration could be a successful alternative to the present means to cultivate C. vulgaris as a lipid source. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:279–284, 2016
Percutaneous carotid artery access in infants < 3 months of age
Authors: Choudhry Swati , Balzer David , Murphy Joshua , Nicolas Ramzi , Shahanavaz Shabana 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundCarotid artery access in infants with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization via a surgical cut down has been well described. There is a paucity of information regarding percutaneous carotid artery (CA) access in infants <3 months.MethodsA retrospective review of infants <3 months of age undergoing cardiac catheterization via percutaneous CA approach was performed after IRB approval. Between January 2012 and May 2015, 18 patients underwent 20 procedures; median age 13 days (2–77); median weight 3.3 kg (1.6–5). Procedures performed were patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting (8), modified blalock taussig (BT) shunt stenting (3), balloon aortic valvuloplasty (6), and balloon angioplasty of coarctation (3).ResultsPercutaneous access was obtained with a Doppler needle under ultrasound guidance into the right (16) and left CA (4). Sheath size used was 4 Fr (17), 5 Fr (2), and 6 Fr (1). Median time to sheath insertion was 6.5 min (2–20). Percutaneous access was obtained successfully in all cases. There were no major procedural complications. There were two minor complications; hypotension, and ductal spasm. Hemostasis was achieved by manual compression; median time was 14.5 min (8–36). There were two post‐procedural complications involving development of CA pseudo aneurysms that were repaired surgically. Post‐procedure CA patency was documented by angiography (3), MRA (3), or vascular ultrasound (14). There were no documented arterial occlusions.ConclusionOur experience suggests that percutaneous CA access in infants <3 months of age is safe and feasible with preserved vascular patency and no neurological adverse events. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Desirability functions as response in a d‐optimal design for evaluating the extraction and purification steps of six tranquillizers and an anti‐adrenergic by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rubio Laura , Oca María Leticia , Sarabia Luis , García Inmaculada , Ortiz María Cruz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInternal standards can be added at different stages of an analytical procedure. When they are added at the beginning of a multiresidue method and their behavior is not exactly the same as that of the analytes, the intended correction for small variations within the analytical process could not be achieved. Because of this, in the present work, the use of d‐optimal designs together with desirability functions is proposed to state the experimental response under study. The overall desirability function used relates two analytical criteria: to assess a similar chemical behavior of each analyte in relation to its internal standard and to avoid a significant reduction of the absolute peak area of the internal standards. This strategy has been applied to the analysis of the effect of four factors related to the extraction and purification steps of six tranquillizers and a β‐blocker from pig muscle analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of those factors has been evaluated by means of an ad hoc d‐optimal design consisting of only 11 experiments. The resulting levels of the four factors that enable to achieve the greatest overall desirability have also been compared with those obtained when either the standardized or absolute peak area has been considered as response. Differences in both the significant factors and their optimum levels have been observed. It is noticeable that the experimental effort necessary to study the effect of the factors has been reduced by more than 50% thanks to the d‐optimal design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SipaaS: Spot instance pricing as a Service framework and its implementation in OpenStack
Authors: Nadjaran Toosi Adel , Khodadadi Farzad , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDesigning dynamic pricing mechanisms that efficiently price resources in line with a provider's profit maximization goal is a key challenge in cloud computing environments. Despite the large volume of research published on this topic, there is no publicly available software system implementing dynamic pricing for Infrastructure as a Service cloud spot markets. This paper presents the implementation of a framework called Spot instance pricing as a Service (SipaaS) that supports an auction mechanism to price and allocate virtual machine instances. SipaaS is an open‐source project offering a set of web services to price and sell virtual machine instances in a spot market resembling the Amazon EC2 spot instances. Cloud providers, who aim at utilizing SipaaS, should install add‐ons in their existing platform to make use of the framework. As an instance, we provide an extension to the Horizon – the OpenStack dashboard project – to employ SipaaS web services and to add a spot market environment to OpenStack. To validate and evaluate the system, we conducted an experimental study with a group of 10 users utilizing the provided spot market in a real environment. Results show that the system performs reliably in a practical test environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemistry at the Edge of Graphene
Authors: Bellunato Amedeo , Arjmandi Tash Hadi , Cesa Yanina , Schneider Grégory F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe selective functionalization of graphene edges is driven by the chemical reactivity of its carbon atoms. The chemical reactivity of an edge, as an interruption of the honeycomb lattice of graphene, differs from the relative inertness of the basal plane. In fact, the unsaturation of the pzorbitals and the break of the π conjugation on an edge increase the energy of the electrons at the edge sites, leading to specific chemical reactivity and electronic properties. Given the relevance of the chemistry at the edges in many aspects of graphene, the present Review investigates the processes and mechanisms that drive the chemical functionalization of graphene at the edges. Emphasis is given to the selective chemical functionalization of graphene edges from theoretical and experimental perspectives, with a particular focus on the characterization tools available to investigate the chemistry of graphene at the edge.
Oxygen Reduction on Ag(100) in Alkaline Solutions—A Theoretical Study
Authors: Goduljan Aleksej , de Campos Pinto Leandro Moreira , Juarez Fernanda , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSilver is much more reactive to oxygen than gold; nevertheless, in alkaline solutions, the rates of oxygen reduction on both metals are similar. To explain this phenomenon, the first, rate‐determining step of oxygen reduction on Ag(100) is determined by a combination of DFT, molecular dynamics, and electrocatalysis theory. In vacuum, oxygen is adsorbed on Ag(100), but in the electrochemical environment, the adsorption energy is offset by the loss of hydration energy as the molecule approaches the surface. As a result, the first electron transfer should take place in an outer‐sphere mode. Previously, the same mechanism for oxygen reduction on Au(100) has been predicted, and these calculations have been repeated by using a more advanced version of the electrocatalysis theory discussed herein to confirm previous conclusions. The theoretical results compare well with experimental data.
Revisiting the maximum power transfer for linear n‐ports with uncoupled loads and applications to power systems
Authors: Bhaya Amit , Herrera Edwin Alejandro , Diene Oumar 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis paper revisits three classical results of circuit theory: the Thévenin theorem, the maximum power transfer theorem, and Bode's bilinear theorem, as well as its multilinear generalization due to Lin. Combining these results, it proposes a new measurement‐based approach that provides a practical new version of the ‘maximum’ power transfer theorem for n‐ports terminated with uncoupled loads, in the sense that it allows a functional algebraic description of the entire power hypersurface as a function of the chosen port parameters. This is more useful than merely computing port parameters for maximum power transfer, because the power hypersurface can be used along with constraints on port parameters, such as voltages, to find their values for optimal viable power transfer. An example of maximum power transfer to two chosen load buses is given for the IEEE‐30 bus system, with voltage constraints, in order to show applicability to practical cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and structural transition mechanisms in long‐term volume overload
Authors: Mohamed Belal A. , Schnelle Moritz , Khadjeh Sara , Lbik Dawid , Herwig Melissa , Linke Wolfgang A. , Hasenfuss Gerd , Toischer Karl 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimWe have previously reported that early phase (1 week) of experimental volume overload (VO) has an adaptive phenotype while wall stress‐matched pressure overload (PO) is maladaptive. Here we investigate the transition from adaptation to heart failure (HF) in long‐term VO.Methods and resultsFVB/N wild‐type mice were subjected to VO induced by aortocaval shunt, and were followed by serial echocardiography until in vivo left ventricular ejection fraction was below <50% (135 ± 35 days). Heart failure was evident from increased lung and liver weight and increased mortality compared with sham. Maladaptive remodelling resulted in significantly reduced sarcomeric titin phosphorylation (causing increased sarcomeric stiffness), whereas interstitial fibrosis was not increased. This was paralleled by re‐expression of the fetal gene program, activation of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), decreased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, high oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis. Consistently, development of HF and mortality were significantly aggravated in Akt‐deficient mice.ConclusionTransition to HF in VO is associated with decreased Akt and increased CaMKII signalling pathways together with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Lack of interstitial fibrosis together with sarcomeric titin hypophosphorylation indicates an increased stiffness at the sarcomeric but not matrix level in VO‐induced HF (in contrast to PO). Transition to HF may result from myocyte loss and myocyte dysfunction owing to increased stiffness.
Surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Survival and functional outcomes
Authors: Kumar Bhavna , Cipolla Michael J. , Old Matthew O. , Brown Nicole V. , Kang Stephen Y. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Durmus Kasim , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Carrau Ricardo L. , Schuller David E. , Leon Marino E. , Pan Quintin , Kumar Pawan , Wood Valerie , Burgers Jessica , Wakely Paul E. , Teknos Theodoros N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to further define the impact of primary surgery in the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐six patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with primary surgery were included. Multivariable analysis and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) identified predictors of survival and gastrostomy tube presence.ResultsMultivariable analysis identified that HPV negativity (p = .0002), presence of extranodal extension (p = .0025), and advanced T classification (p = .0081) were independent predictors of survival. For HPV‐positive patients, surgical approach (p = .0111) and margin status (p = .0287) were significant predictors of survival. For HPV‐negative patients, extranodal extension (p = .0021) and advanced T classification (p = .0342) were significant predictors of survival. Smoking status and advanced neck disease did not impact survival, and the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy did not confer survival benefit in HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative subgroups.ConclusionIndependent predictors of survival are unique in patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with primary surgery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1794–E1802, 2016
Relationship between swallow‐specific quality of life and fiber‐optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing findings in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Florie Michelle , Baijens Laura , Kremer Bernd , Kross Kenneth , Lacko Martin , Verhees Femke , Winkens Bjorn 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between swallow‐specific quality of life (QOL) using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) and the swallowing function using a standardized fiber‐optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) protocol in patients with dysphagia with head and neck cancer.MethodsSixty‐three patients with dysphagia and head and neck cancer were enrolled in the study. Patients completed the MDADI questionnaire and underwent a standardized FEES examination. Ordinal FEES variables were measured. Descriptive statistics and 1‐way analysis of variance tests were carried out.ResultsFor all FEES variables, the observer agreement level was sufficient (kappa ≥0.7).These preliminary results show statistically significant mean differences of MDADI subscales between the ordinal scale levels for several FEES variables.ConclusionThe MDADI questionnaire can be used to assess the impact of dysphagia on the patients' health‐related QOL. Despite clear trends, it remains unclear if the MDADI questionnaire can be used as an indicator for the severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1848–E1856, 2016