bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and Preliminary Characterization of Antioxidant Polysaccharide by Submerged Culture of Culinary and Medicinal Fungi Cordyceps militaris CICC14013
Authors: Chen Wan , Liu Gaoqiang , Yang Huandong , Wu Zhichao , Yang Hailong 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris show multiple biological activities, such as antioxidation, antitumor, antivirus and immunomodulating properties, etc. The nutritional requirements for antioxidant polysaccharide bio-synthesis by submerged culture of C. militaris were evaluated on the basis of assay for DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power in this work. The results showed the best antioxidant activity of polysaccharide could be achieved when the media consisted of mannose, peptone, MgSO4, Na2HPO4, and KH2PO4. Furthermore, the main fraction of antioxidant polysaccharide, CMP-2, was preliminary isolated from the fermentation broth of C. militaris by ethanol precipitation, filtration, and DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography. CMP-2 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 2527:164:172:100, and had an average molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 8175 Da. The results suggested antioxidant polysaccharide could be produced by submerged culture of C. militaris and the medium composition significantly affected its DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power.
Laws That Enable Partnerships: The Case ofProyecto Pensilvaniain Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Danese Giuseppe , Martinez Candace A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWaste picking is an informal economy activity that has attracted a large amount of research across the social sciences. We contribute to the debate on informality and its institutional determinants through case study analysis. We present a unique partnership between waste pickers and firms operating in Colombia calledProyecto Pensilvania. We argue that two specific sets of laws made this partnership possible. The first grants legal recognition to the activity pursued by the waste pickers, who become “waste entrepreneurs.” This is a key initial step to bring informal sector workers into the realm of the formal economy. The second grants special legal protection to the associations of waste pickers when they compete for inclusion in the local waste management plans. This is a way to incentivize waste pickers to join associations.Proyecto Pensilvaniadecreases transaction costs, generates income for disenfranchised groups of individuals and limits environmental degradation. The regulatory reforms that led to its establishment can be imitated by other countries with sizable waste picker populations.
Production of chitosan oligosaccharides for inclusion in a plant biostimulant
Authors: Goñi Oscar , Quille Patrick , O’Connell Shane 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The use of biostimulants to enhance crop productivity is beginning to be adopted into mainstream agricultural practice. There is an emerging consensus on the critical role that low-cost and scalable chitosan oligosaccharide production systems can play in meeting the demands of this “greener” approach in agriculture. The objective of our research was to produce chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) mixtures that can work as plant biostimulants using cost effective enzymes. Commercial chitosans with a consistent formulation and available in bulk were used in the study. Chitosans were characterized in terms of degree of N-acetylation (pH-metric titration) and molecular weight (Ubbelohde viscometer). The yield of the CHOS were determined along with their physicochemical characteristics. The biological activity of the different CHOS mixtures were evaluated for efficacy against a fungal pathogen (F. oxysporum) in the susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Moneymaker’. The performance of some CHOS resulted in significant enhancements in a number of plant health indicators such as increased biomass, disease control and induction of ISR markers. Finally, the optimal CHOS preparation in terms of plant bioactivity was scaled up and validated by a preliminary field trial with the industrial tomato cultivar ‘H9661’. The effectiveness of this treatment on crop productivity was consistent with the results observed in the lab and similar to other commercial plant biostimulants.
Language Adaptation for Extending Post-Editing Estimates for Closely Related Languages
Authors: Rios Miguel , Sharoff Serge 
Published: October 2016

Abstract This paper presents an open-source toolkit for predicting human post-editing efforts for closely related languages. At the moment, training resources for the Quality Estimation task are available for very few language directions and domains. Available resources can be expanded on the assumption that MT errors and the amount of post-editing required to correct them are comparable across related languages, even if the feature frequencies differ. In this paper we report a toolkit for achieving language adaptation, which is based on learning new feature representation using transfer learning methods. In particular, we report performance of a method based on Self-Taught Learning which adapts the English-Spanish pair to produce Quality Estimation models for translation from English into Portuguese, Italian and other Romance languages using the publicly available Autodesk dataset.
Removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions using Shewanella sp. RCRI7, isolated from Qurugöl Lake in Iran
Authors: Zaheri Abdehvand Adib , Keshtkar Alireza , Fatemi Faezeh , Tarhriz Vahideh , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Isolation, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of an aqueous bacterium, Shewanella sp RCRI7, from Qurugöl Lake in Iran and uranium removal from aqueous solutions using the isolate is described. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree, strain RCRI7T falls into genus Shewanella. Closely related type strains include Shewanella
xiamenensis S4T KJ542801, Shewanella
profunda DSM15900T FR733713, Shewanella
putrefaciens LMG 26268T X81623 and Shewanella
oneidensis MR-1T AE014299. Anaerobic incubation of the bacteria in the presence of U(VI) led to uranium removal from the solution and formation of a black precipitate. Analysis of the precipitate using UV-vis confirmed the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). The effects of pH, temperature, U(VI) concentration and cell density on uranium removal were elucidated. The maximum uranium removal was 97%. As a conclusion, the findings revealed the ability of the local strain RCRI7 for U(VI) bioreduction as an effective bacterium for uranium immobilization.
Waters in room temperature and cryo protein crystal structures
Authors: Carugo Oliviero 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Since it has been observed that low temperature protein crystal structures may differ from room temperature structures, it is necessary to compare systematically the protein hydration structure in low and room protein crystal structures. High quality data sets of protein structures were built in an extremely rigorous manner and crystal symmetry was included in the identification of four types of water molecules (buried in the protein core, deeply inserted into crevices at the protein surface, first and second hydration layers). More water molecules are observed at low temperature only if the resolution is better than 2.1–2.3 Å. At worse resolution, temperature does not play any role. The numerous water molecules that become detectable at low temperature and at higher resolution are more mobile, relative to the protein average flexibility. Despite that, the occupancy does not depend on temperature. It can be hypothesized that water structure and around proteins and hydrogen bond network do not depend on the temperature, at least in the temperature range examined here. At low temperature more water molecules are detected because the average flexibility of all the atoms decreases, so that also water molecules that are considerably more mobile than the average atoms become observable in the electron density maps.
Monoclinic superstructure of Pr3Rh4Ge4
Authors: Voßwinkel Daniel , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Greiwe Magnus , Eul Matthias , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Pr3Rh4Ge4 was synthesized by melting of the elements in an arc-melting furnace followed by annealing in a sealed tantalum ampoule in a muffle furnace. Structure refinement was based on temperature dependent single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. At ambient temperature Pr3Rh4Ge4 adopts the U3Ni4Si4 type structure with strongly enhanced anisotropic displacement parameters for Rh1. Below 230 K additional reflections start to appear and at 110 K the structure could be described with the (3+1)D superspace group I2/m(α0γ)00; α=1/2, γ=1/2; (Z=2). This commensurately modulated structure could be refined with 1448 F
2 values, 39 variables and residuals of wR=0.0417 for the main reflections and wR=0.1520 for the satellites of 1st order, [a=408.36(2), b=421.12(3) and c=2504.4(2) pm]. The commensurate description could be transformed to a 3D supercell with space group A2/m and Z=4: a=816.72(2), b=421.12(3), c=2537.5(1) pm, β=99.26(1)°, 1448 F
2 values, 69 variables and wR=0.0499. The relation of the U3Ni4Si4 type structure, the (3+1)D modulated and the 3D supercell is discussed on the basis of a group–subgroup scheme. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data reveal Curie–Weiss paramagnetism with an experimental moment of 3.72(2) μB/Pr atom and a Weiss constant of –12.6(5) K. No magnetic ordering is evident down to 3 K.
A Spectroscopic Approach with Theoretical Studies to Study the Interaction of 9-aminoacridine with Certain Phenols
Authors: Manivannan Chandrakumar , Vijay Solomon Rajadurai , Venuvanalingam Ponnambalam , Renganathan Rajalingam 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The influence of phenols upon the fluorescence quenching of 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) was examined in acetonitrile solution by employing steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. On increasing the concentration of quencher molecules the absorption spectra of 9-AA change with significant bathochromic shift. The fluorescence intensity of 9-AA change in presence of quencher molecules were measured at various temperatures as a function of the quencher concentrations. The observed bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) depends on the nature and electronic effect of substituent present in the quencher molecules. The bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) decreases on increasing the oxidation potential of quencher molecules. To examine the quenching behavior, kq values were correlated with the free energy change (ΔG). To get forthcoming in the quenching process, fluorescence quenching experiments were carried out in different solvents of varying polarities. The observed result suggest the involvement of charge-transfer quenching mechanism. Lifetime measurements support static quenching. Further, the radical scavenging potential is calculated from density functional theory (DFT) calculations to address the quenching behavior of the quencher molecules. DFT result reveals that electronic features are important in tuning the quenching ability of the quencher molecules and found to agree with the obtained experiment result.
Surface Hydroxyl OH Defects of η-Al2O3 and χ-Al2O3 by Solid State NMR, XRD, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Khabibulin Dzhalil F. , Papulovskiy Evgeniy , Andreev Andrey S. , Shubin Aleksandr A. , Volodin Alexander M. , Zenkovets Galina A. , Yatsenko Dmitriy A. , Tsybulya Sergey V. , Lapina Olga B. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
For the first time, the detailed structure of χ-Al2O3 and η-Al2O3 surface has been established by implementing the NMR crystallography approach. The surface of η-Al2O3 has been demonstrated to be formed primarily by the (111) facets, while the χ-Al2O3 surface is a combination of (111) and (110) facets. This observation supports the block model of aluminum oxides previously proposed by Tsybulya and Kryukova [S. V. Tsybulya, G. N. Kryukova, Phys. Rev. B 77 (2008) 024112.]. The additional terminal OH groups, observed experimentally and not contributing to (111) and (110) theoretical calculations, are considered to be bonded to the tetrahedral aluminum sites. Their origin is related to the junctions of crystallographic faces of spinel building blocks, being a part of discussed model. Higher content of these terminal OH groups in χ-Al2O3 is a result of more junctions in the case of its more mosaic structure compared to η-Al2O3.
THz ESR study of Spinel Compound GeCo2O4
Authors: Okubo Susumu , Ohta Hitoshi , Ijima Tatsuya , Yamasaki Tatsuya , Zhang Weimin , Hara Shigeo , Ikeda Shinichi , Oshima Hiroyuki , Takahashi Miwako , Tomiyasu Keisuke , Watanabe Tadataka 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We performed terahertz ESR measurements of spin frustrated spinel compound GeCo2O4 using pulsed magnetic fields of up to 40 T. A very broad EPR absorption line was observed at 86 K. The g-values at 86 K were estimated to be g=5.26±0.07, 5.16±0.12 and 4.98±0.07 for B//[111], [100] and [110], respectively. High-field ESR measurements revealed complicated phase structures and a field-induced magnetic phase below 3 K. Critical fields of magnetic phases at 1.8 K for B//[111] were observed at 1.8 T, 5.0 T, 8.6 T, 11.0 T and 12.9 T for B//[111]. An energy gap of 300 GHz (=14.4 K=1.24 meV), which was related to the lattice deformation, was observed for B//[111]. The zero field gap of ω
4 mode, which is considered to be a singlet-triplet excitation of the di-tetramer, was estimated to be 1120 GHz.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Dyads with (R)-/(S)-Naproxen and (S)-Tryptophan
Authors: Khramtsova Ekaterina A. , Ageeva Alexandra A. , Stepanov Alexander A. , Plyusnin Viktor F. , Leshina Tatyana V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractShort-lived intermediates arising from the donor-acceptor interaction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) – (S)-naproxen (NPX) and its (R)-enantiomer with the tryptophan amino acid residue (Trp) have been studied by spin chemistry and photochemistry methods. The donor-acceptor interaction has caried out in a model linked system – dyad under the UV-irradiation. Interest in the NPX-Trp dyad diastereomers is connected with the possibility of using them as models of ligand-enzyme binding as long as amino acid residues are located at the enzyme’s active centers. It is these residues that interact with NSAID during the binding. It is widely thought that charge transfer processes are involved in the process of drug-enzyme binding. Withing this framework the role of charge transfer in NPX-Trp excited state quenching have been investigated. The analysis of the chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP), as well as fluorescence kinetics and quantum yield in different polarity media has shown that the main channel of NPX fluorescence quenching is the intramolecular electron transfer between NPX and Trp fragments. Electron transfer rate constants and fluorescence quantum yields of diastereomers have demonstrated stereodifferentiation.
Determination of all Dimensions of CdSe Seeded CdS Nanorods Solely via their UV/Vis Spectra
Authors: Adel Patrick , Bloh Julian , Hinrichs Dominik , Kodanek Torben , Dorfs Dirk 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the present manuscript we develop a method to determine all characteristic dimensions of CdSe seeded CdS nanorods solely via their extinction spectra without the need for electron microscopical investigations. In detail, the core diameter as well as the overall diameter and length and the molar extinction coefficient can all be derived from characteristic points in the absorption spectra. We carefully investigate in which size regime our assumptions are valid and give an estimation of the expected error, making it possible for the reader to decide whether this method is sufficiently accurate for their respective system. Our method displays a comfortable and fast route to analyze these nowadays often used nanorods.
Kreditwürdigkeitsprüfung, Exploration und Beratung bei Immobiliar-Verbraucherdarlehen nach der Umsetzung der Wohnimmobilienkreditrichtlinie
Authors: Buck-Heeb Petra , Lang Volker 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Durch die Umsetzung europäischen Rechts sind im BGB jetzt nicht nur neue Beratungspflichten im Vorfeld der Kreditvergabe, sondern auch eine zivilrechtliche Pflicht zur Kreditwürdigkeitsprüfung vorgesehen. Gleichzeitig sind nun mit den §§ 505a ff. BGB zivilrechtliche Rechtsfolgen bei Verstoß gegen die letztgenannte Pflicht festgeschrieben. Mit all dem gehen zahlreiche noch offene Fragen einher, mit denen sich sowohl Praxis als auch Wissenschaft auseinanderzusetzen haben. Im Folgenden soll einigen von diesen nachgegangen werden.
Trinakija – dabartinė Maltos sala
Authors: R. Vella Horatio C. 
Published: October 2016

Straipsnio autorius, remdamasis kruopščia ir išsamia antikinių šaltinių (Homero Odisėjos, Vergilijaus Eneidos, Apolonijo Rodiečio Argonautikos) kelionės maršrutų, geografinių aprašymų ir epuose minimų vietovardžių analize bei su šiomis temomis susijusia gausia kritine literatūra, teigia, kad Antikos autorių minima Trinakijos (Θρινακία) sala, kurioje Odisėjas pabuvojo prieš patekdamas pas Kalipsę, gali būti identifikuojama su dabartine Maltos sala, o ne su Sicilija, šaltiniuose kartais vadinama Trinakrija (Τρινακρία).
KĄ RAFINUOTIEJI PRANCŪZAI MANĖ APIE LIETUVIŠKAS MEŠKAS
Authors: Banytė Elžbieta 
Published: October 2016

(Nijolė Vaičiulėnaitė-Kašelionienė, Lietuvos įvaizdis prancūzų literatūroje: vienos barbarybės istorija, Vilnius: Vilniaus pedagoginio universiteto leidykla, 2011)
Influence of zeolites on lead and cadmium content in separate links of trophic chain in hydroecosystems
Authors: Hradovych N. I. , Paranyak R. P. , Zabytivskyi Yu. M. 
Published: October 2016

Information about the influence of zeolite used as adsorbent to reduce the concentration of Lead and Cadmium in separate links of trophic chain of hydroecosystem namelyn in water, phytoplankton and muscular tissue of Silver carp is given in the article. As a sorbent we used zeolite of Sokirnitsa deposit (village Sokirnitsa, Khust district Transcarpathian region) of fraction 1.0 – 4.0 mm. Investigations were made at the Lviv research station of Institute of fisheries NAAS (Lviv oblast, Horodok region, Velykyi Lyubin). The sorption properties of natural Transcarpathian clinoptilolite towards Lead and Cadmium at dynamic conditions have been studied. The paper represents research results aimed at estimating effectiveness of removing of Lead and Cadmium ions from hydroecosystems using natural mineral–zeolite. The dynamics of heavy metals content at phytoplankton and muscular tissue of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes, 1844) was studied. Measurements were perfomed in pond № 24 (12) area 0.14 hectares which is fed by waters of the river Vereshchytsia. The pond depth is 1 – 1.5 meters. Results of investigations worked out statistically combining the groups. Considerable lowering of ions content of both metals in water was determined. The lowering of cadmium content in muscular tissue of Silver carp was much noticeable than the content of Lead. Results of such investigations are rather actual and perspective and will help to reduce the content of some toxicants in water medium. Improvement of water ecosystems after use of natural sorbents will guarantee ecologically safe products of fish culture and will increase the efficiency of the branch.
The effectiveness of the use of acidifiers in the industrial growing of broiler chickens
Authors: Demchuschun S. V. 
Published: October 2016

As an alternative to feed antibiotics for saving poultry livestock and increasing productivity the acidifiers based on organic and inorganic acids are used more and more frequently. The article represents the results of study of effectiveness of Fidacid acidifier usage for breeding broiler chickens. The study has been conducted on two groups of broiler chickens of Ross 308 breed. The chickens of the experimental group except the full feed–stuff have been given the acidifier at a rate of 1 liter per 1 ton of water. The watering has been carried out from the 27th day of feeding for 10 days (27 – 31 and 34 – 38 days). It has been established that the acidifier watering from the 27th day of breeding chickens has contributed to the increase of preservation of livestock in 4.6%. The overall mortality of chickens has decreased in 2 times (P ≤ 0,001) and amounted to 4.3%, with the permissible limit up to 5%. It has been found that the application of the acidifier has promoted the economy of feed at higher productive indices. There has been a decrease in cost of feed per 1 head in 8.7% (P ≤ 0,01) and a decrease in feed conversion in the experimental group in 0.19 units. This is the evidence of better digestibility of feed and its taking by the bodies of chickens. The live weight of broiler chickens of the experimental group on the 43rd day of breeding increased in 47 grams and carcass weight increased in 30 grams, that is in 1.8% and 1.6% (P ≤ 0,01), respectively. The European index of efficiency in the experimental group has been 56.5 units higher than in the control group of chickens.
Growth and development of bees using organic acids and probiotics
Authors: Dmitruk I. V. , Suhovuha S. M. 
Published: October 2016

The second record number of sealed brood, which took place on May 15 showed that consumption of succinic acid pergi helped increase the number of brood grown by 11.2% (P <0.001) and in the experimental group. Feeding bees use citric acid positively affects the amount of brood in the second experimental group. Compared with controls, the number of brood is higher by 7.5% (P < 0.001). Use of feeding bees III experimental group of lactic acid bacteria has increased the brood at 10.0% (P < 0.001). May 27 The difference between the number of counted squares and the control and experimental group is 16.3% (P <0.001), the second experimental group 11.5% (P < 0.001), the third experimental group 13.4% (P < 0.001). In the period, which fell on June 8 development of bee colonies increased, so the difference between the number of counted squares and the control and development of 22.2% (P < 0.001), the second experimental group 17.8% (P < 0.001), the third research group 18.9% (P < 0.001). June 20, recorded the best performance of the experimental group, the difference between the number of counted squares and the control and experimental group is 23.1% (P < 0.001), the second experimental group 18.3% (P < 0.001), the third experimental group 19.3 % (P < 0.001). Compared with the rate on May 3 yaytsenosnosti intensity oviposition of the uterus and research group for 27 May increased by 62.5%. Consumption pergi bees II nd experimental group caused an increase yaytsenosnosti cancer – by 56.3%, the third second experimental group – by 58.2%. Compared to control subjects in increasing the number of families found grown brood on 18,2 –23,1% (P <0.001).