bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A carbon dioxide stripping model for mammalian cell culture in manufacturing scale bioreactors
Authors: Xing Zizhuo , Lewis Amanda M. , Borys Michael C. , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTControl of carbon dioxide within the optimum range is important in mammalian bioprocesses at the manufacturing scale in order to ensure robust cell growth, high protein yields, and consistent quality attributes. The majority of bioprocess development work is done in laboratory bioreactors, in which carbon dioxide levels are more easily controlled. Some challenges in carbon dioxide control can present themselves when cell culture processes are scaled up, because carbon dioxide accumulation is a common feature due to longer gas‐residence time of mammalian cell culture in large scale bioreactors. A carbon dioxide stripping model can be used to better understand and optimize parameters that are critical to cell culture processes at the manufacturing scale. The prevailing carbon dioxide stripping models in literature depend on mass transfer coefficients and were applicable to cell culture processes with low cell density or at stationary/cell death phase. However, it was reported that gas bubbles are saturated with carbon dioxide before leaving the culture, which makes carbon dioxide stripping no longer depend on a mass transfer coefficient in the new generation cell culture processes characterized by longer exponential growth phase, higher peak viable cell densities, and higher specific production rate. Here, we present a new carbon dioxide stripping model for manufacturing scale bioreactors, which is independent of carbon dioxide mass transfer coefficient, but takes into account the gas‐residence time and gas CO2 saturation time. The model was verified by CHO cell culture processes with different peak viable cell densities (7 to 12 × 106 cells mL−1) for two products in 5,000‐L and 25,000‐L bioreactors. The model was also applied to a next generation cell culture process to optimize cell culture conditions and reduce carbon dioxide levels at manufacturing scale. The model provides a useful tool to understand and better control cell culture carbon dioxide profiles for process development, scale up, and characterization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1184–1194. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Weight loss in the early stage of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Tsuge Ayako , Kaneko Satoshi , Wate Reika , Oki Mitsuaki , Nagashima Masato , Asayama Shinya , Nakamura Masataka , Fujita Kengo , Saito Akemi , Takenouchi Norihiro , Kusaka Hirofumi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify whether weight change in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is caused by the disease itself or secondarily by other factors.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 51 patients with PD and 14 patients with PSP, especially during the early stage of their diseases. All patients were independent in terms of their activities of daily living and did not have any feeding difficulty.ResultsThe body mass index measured within 3 years after the disease onset did not show a significant difference between the two diseases. However, the subsequent weight was stable in patients with PD and significantly decreased in patients with PSP.ConclusionsWeight loss begins in the early stage of PSP, whereas dopaminergic treatment may contribute to keep weight in the early stage of PD through reduction of energy expenditure and/or improvement in appetite.
N‐Doped 3D Carbon Aerogel with Trace Fe as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Qichen , Chen Zhiyan , Wu Nan , Wang Bing , He Wei , Lei Yongpeng , Wang Yingde 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe development of highly efficient, stable, and low‐cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is urgently required. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) N‐doped carbon aerogel with trace Fe (ca. 0.60 wt%) was synthesized by using carbon aerogel as the main raw material with facile KOH activation and a solid‐state pyrolysis technique. The pyrolysis temperature and trace amount of Fe play crucial roles in the ORR activity. The optimal product (Fe−N‐CA‐800) displayed onset and half‐potentials of 0.918 and 0.798 V in alkaline solution and 0.801 and 0.592 V in acidic media, respectively. Besides, the methanol crossover effect and long‐term stability for Fe−N‐CA‐800 were better than those of Pt/C. Furthermore, the Fe‐Nx sites were proven to be the main ORR catalytic sites by using SCN−. The robust 3D structure with hierarchical pores, unique chemical composition, and uniform Fe‐Nx active sites contributed to the superior ORR performance. The low‐cost and efficient Fe−N‐CA‐800 catalyst presents potential in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.
Encapsulation of Bimetallic Metal Nanoparticles into Robust Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Evaluation of the Catalytic Potential for Size‐Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Rösler Christoph , Dissegna Stefano , Rechac Victor L. , Kauer Max , Guo Penghu , Turner Stuart , Ollegott Kevin , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Peeters Daniel , Wang Yuemin , Matsumura Syo , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Muhler Martin , Llabrés i Xamena Francesc X. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe realization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with bimetallic character and distinct composition for specific catalytic applications is an intensively studied field. Due to the synergy between metals, most bimetallic particles exhibit unique properties that are hardly provided by the individual monometallic counterparts. However, as small‐sized NPs possess high surface energy, agglomeration during catalytic reactions is favored. Sufficient stabilization can be achieved by confinement of NPs in porous support materials. In this sense, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in particular have gained a lot of attention during the last years; however, encapsulation of bimetallic species remains challenging. Herein, the exclusive embedding of preformed core–shell PdPt and RuPt NPs into chemically robust Zr‐based MOFs is presented. Microstructural characterization manifests partial retention of the core–shell systems after successful encapsulation without harming the crystallinity of the microporous support. The resulting chemically robust NP@UiO‐66 materials exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, competitive with commercially used Pt on activated carbon, but with superior size‐selectivity for sterically varied substrates.
Effects of variable diffusivity on soybean hydration modelling as a Stefan problem
Authors: Nicolin Douglas J. , Jorge Regina Maria M. , Jorge Luiz Mario M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe diffusion of moisture in soybean grains is usually followed by two physical facts related to the presence of water: the increase in grain size due to water accumulation and the increase in permeability, as more water is absorbed. In order to increase the physical meaning of the proposed model those two phenomenological facts were inserted in the classical Fick's Second Law of Diffusion. The increase of the grains was taken into account by considering the radius of the grains as a moving boundary of the diffusion system (characterizing a Stefan problem). The increase in permeability was taken into account by considering an exponential dependence of the diffusivity with the moisture content. The behaviour of the main parameters was analyzed with the temperatures. The moisture profiles were calculated for the moving boundary problem as well as the behaviour of the radius of the grains as a function of time. The results showed good agreement with experimental reality of soybean hydration process.
Advanced treatment of actual textile dye wastewater by Fenton‐flocculation process
Authors: Xiao Xuefeng , Sun Yongjun , Sun Wenquan , Shen Hao , Zheng Huaili , Xu Yanhua , Zhao Jinhui , Wu Huifang , Liu Cuiyun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo improve the performance of actual textile dye wastewater treatment, an advanced treatment combining the Fenton and flocculation processes was developed. The parameters affecting decolorization in the Fenton‐flocculation process, including initial pH, H2O2 dosage, Fe2+dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, and flocculant dosage, were examined. With the optimal Fenton‐flocculation condition parameters, more than 95 % COD removal, 99 % colour removal, and 99 % turbidity removal were obtained. UV‐visible spectra of raw water and supernatant were further obtained after the Fenton‐flocculation process, and results demonstrated that the chromophoric groups and the conjugated system in the dye molecular structure were destroyed. All these results confirmed that the Fenton‐flocculation process was a favourable and effective post‐treatment method for actual textile dye wastewater.
Cytotoxicity of a Series of Norcantharidin‐Inspired Tetrahydroepoxyisoindole Carboxamides
Authors: Spare Lawson K. , Falsetta Pasquale , Gilbert Jayne , Harman David G. , Baker Mark A. , Li Feng , McCluskey Adam , Clegg Jack K. , Sakoff Jennette A. , Aldrich‐Wright Janice R. , Gordon Christopher P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA series of 28 norcantharidin (NorC)‐inspired analogues were accessed via a robust two‐step Ugi intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) sequence. Four analogues displayed whole‐cell cytotoxicity equipotent to that of NorC and cisplatin against a number of cancer cell lines and a normal breast cell line (MCF10A). Notably, (3S,3aS,6R)‐2‐benzyl‐7‐methyl‐N‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐1‐oxo‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐3a,6‐epoxyisoindole‐3‐carboxamide (trans‐27) displayed superior whole‐cell activity against breast (MCF‐7, GI50=2.9 μm) and colon (HT29, GI50=6.4 μm) cancer cell lines relative to the control (cisplatin), which elicited respective GI50 values of 6.5 and 11.3 μm against the aforementioned cell lines. This analogue also displayed improved activity relative to NorC across the breast (MCF‐7, GI50=2.9 μm; NorC GI50=7.5 μm), ovarian (A2780, GI50=2.2 μm; NorC GI50=4.4 μm), and neuroblastoma (BE2‐C, GI50=2.2 μm; NorC GI50=3.7 μm) cancer cell lines. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) investigations demonstrated that retention of sp2 hybridized connections within the tetrahydroepoxyisoindole carboxamide scaffold is crucial, as aromatization to a phenolic functionality decreased activity, whereas removal of a single olefin bond abolished cytotoxicity. Nonetheless, with respect to the latter, use of crotonic acid as opposed 2‐butynoic acid in the Ugi‐IMDA sequence imparted a significant improvement to diastereoselectivity, with the cis/trans isomer ratio shifting from ≈1:1.2 to ≈0.5:9.5.
The role of the microvascular network structure on diffusion and consumption of anticancer drugs
Authors: Mascheroni Pietro , Penta Raimondo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigate the impact of microvascular geometry on the transport of drugs in solid tumors, focusing on the diffusion and consumption phenomena. We embrace recent advances in the asymptotic homogenization literature starting from a double Darcy—double advection‐diffusion‐reaction system of partial differential equations that is obtained exploiting the sharp length separation between the intercapillary distance and the average tumor size. The geometric information on the microvascular network is encoded into effective hydraulic conductivities and diffusivities, which are numerically computed by solving periodic cell problems on appropriate microscale representative cells. The coefficients are then injected into the macroscale equations, and these are solved for an isolated, vascularized spherical tumor. We consider the effect of vascular tortuosity on the transport of anticancer molecules, focusing on Vinblastine and Doxorubicin dynamics, which are considered as a tracer and as a highly interacting molecule, respectively. The computational model is able to quantify the treatment performance through the analysis of the interstitial drug concentration and the quantity of drug metabolized in the tumor. Our results show that both drug advection and diffusion are dramatically impaired by increasing geometrical complexity of the microvasculature, leading to nonoptimal absorption and delivery of therapeutic agents. However, this effect apparently has a minor role whenever the dynamics are mostly driven by metabolic reactions in the tumor interstitium, eg, for highly interacting molecules. In the latter case, anticancer therapies that aim at regularizing the microvasculature might not play a major role, and different strategies are to be developed.
Towards Understanding the Solvent‐Dynamic Control of the Transport and Heterogeneous Electron‐Transfer Processes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bhat Mohsin Ahmad , Ingole Pravin P. , Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe impact of temperature‐induced changes in solvent dynamics on the diffusion coefficient and standard rate constant k0 for heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) of ethylferrocene (EFc) in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) is investigated. The results are analysed to understand the impact of solvent‐dynamic control, solute–solvent interactions and solvent friction on the transport of redox probes and k0. Concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient of EFc in [BMIM][PF6] is observed. This is attributed to the solute‐induced enhancement of the structural organisation of the ionic liquid (IL), which is supported by the concentration‐dependent UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence responses of EFc/[BMIM][PF6] solutions. Similar values of the activation energies for mass transport and ET and a linear relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the heterogeneous ET rate is observed. The ratio between the diffusion coefficient and the heterogeneous rate constant allows a characteristic length Ld, which is temperature‐independent, to be introduced. The presented results clearly establish that mass transport and heterogeneous ET of redox probes are strongly correlated in ILs. It is proposed that the apparent kinetics of heterogeneous ET reactions in ILs can be explained in terms of their impact on thermal equilibration, energy dissipation and thermal excitation of redox‐active probes.
The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale for adolescents: Cross‐Sample Validation of the Complete and Brief Versions
Authors: Vagos Paula , Ribeiro da Silva Diana , Brazão Nélio , Rijo Daniel , Gilbert Paul 
Published: December 2016

This work presents psychometric analyses on the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale, which intends to evaluate the subjective perception of ones' early rearing experiences. Factor structure, measurement invariance, latent mean comparisons and validity in relation to external variables (i.e., forms of self‐criticism/self‐assurance, experiential avoidance and depressive, anxious and stress symptoms) were investigated. A sample of 1464 adolescents (52.3% male adolescents, mean age = 16.16, standard deviation = 1.51) was used, including 1064 participants recruited from schools, 192 participants recruited from foster care facilities and 208 boys recruited from juvenile justice facilities. A shortened version of the scale was also developed and subjected to the same psychometric analyses. A one‐factor measurement model was a good fit for the data taken from both the complete and brief versions of the instrument. Such measures showed to be internally consistent with alpha values higher than 0.89. Evidence for their construct validity in relation to external variables was also found, with correlation values ranging from 0.19 to 0.45 for the complete version and from 0.18 to 0.44 for the brief version of the instrument. The brief version was the only one proving to be gender and sample invariant. Boys and girls scored similarly in their account of early memories, whereas community boys presented significantly higher scores when compared with referred and detained boys. Thus, the brief version of the instrument may be an appropriate alternative for use with diverse adolescent samples and may serve to advance knowledge on how early experiences impact on psychopathological outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioners Messages

The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale (EMWSS), assessing early memories of warmth and safeness, was studied across community, referred for behavioural problems and detained Portuguese adolescent samples. A brief version of this instrument was also developed and studied in these same samples.
Both versions of the EMWSS revealed a one-factor structure, good internal consistency and construct validity in relation to external variables; the brief version was also found to be invariant across gender and groups.
Boys and girls were found to report similar levels of experienced warmth and safeness, whereas community boys reported significantly more of those experiences, followed by detained boys, and, lastly, referred boys.
The brief version of the EMWSS represents a quick and valid measure to assess early memories of warmth and safeness in youth, providing for insights into the subjective experience of adolescents with diverse rearing experiences.
Early memories of warmth and safeness, as assessed by the brief version of the EMWSS, may serve to advance knowledge on how early experiences impact on psychopathological outcomes in diverse youth samples.
Is oxygen reduction a viable antioxidant strategy for oil‐in‐water emulsions?
Authors: Johnson David R. , Gisder Julia , Lew Lauren , Goddard Julie M. , Decker Eric A. 
Published: December 2016

The impact of 0, 40, 58, 79, 93, and 98% total oxygen reduction on lipid oxidation kinetics in a 1.0% fish oil‐in‐water emulsion (pH 3.0; 32°C) was determined. Atmospheres were modified using nitrogen/oxygen gas blends or high purity nitrogen. Headspace and dissolved oxygen were monitored throughout the study using a non‐destructive technique in which fluorescent sensors were fixed in sealed vials. Lipid oxidation, as measured by lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), was inhibited at oxygen reductions ≥58%. However, meaningful protection against lipid oxidation was only achieved at oxygen reductions ≥93%. Potential commercial strategies, nitrogen flushing/sparging, and ascorbic acid, were inefficient at reducing oxygen to levels that could significantly inhibit lipid oxidation. Results suggest that near complete oxygen removal is necessary to protect oxygen‐sensitive ingredients, but a need still exists to identify new strategies that sufficiently reduce the oxygen content of emulsions.Practical applications: The practical application of this work is that there is a global demand to remove synthetic additives from food and beverage formulations, and as described in this work, defining the level oxygen reduction that provides meaningful increases in oxidative stability is necessary. Results suggest that the oxidative stability of 1% fish oil‐in‐water emulsions can be extended by reducing system oxygen by ∼58%, but to have a meaningful antioxidant impact greater than ∼93% oxygen removal is required. Further investigation into simulated commercial oxygen removal strategies (e.g., nitrogen displacement of oxygen and ascorbic acid) demonstrated that current industrial strategies are lacking and need to be optimized in order to enhance stability against lipid oxidation.In this work, we design and modify a fish oil‐in‐water emulsion system to have different oxygen concentrations that range from almost complete oxygen removal to atmospheric conditions. The resulting emulsions are characterized over time by non‐destructively measuring oxygen concentrations, both in the headspace and dissolved phase, as shown in the figure of two sensor patches inside a sealed glass vial. The impact of oxygen concentrations on lipid oxidation kinetics is measured and represented in the graphed data. Results suggest that near complete oxygen removal is necessary to provide meaningful protection against lipid oxidation in emulsified systems.
Linolelaidic acid induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inflammation stronger than elaidic acid in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through lipid rafts
Authors: Li Jing , Rao Huan , Bin Qiu , Fan Ya‐Wei , Li Hong‐Yan , Deng Ze‐Yuan 
Published: December 2016

Lipid rafts were reported to play important roles in elaidic acid‐induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Linolelaidic acid induced cell injury more seriously than elaidic acid. However, whether lipid rafts may play the same roles for linolelaidic acid‐ and elaidic acid‐induced cell injury was unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of lipid rafts on linolelaidic acid‐ and elaidic acid‐induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inflammation in HUVECs. The cell viability was significantly decreased, the number of apoptotic cells and cell population in G1 phase were significantly increased in elaidic acid‐ or linolelaidic acid‐treated cells, compared to methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin + trans‐fatty acids‐treated cells. In addition, the expression levels of pro‐apoptotic proteins (caspase‐3, ‐8, Bax, p53) and inflammation factors (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule, E‐selectin and nitro oxide) were significantly increased, and anti‐apoptotic protein like Bcl‐2 decreased significantly in linolelaidic acid‐treated cells, which were stronger than those in elaidic acid‐treated cells. In conclusion, linolelaidic acid induces a stronger lesion effect on HUVECs through lipid rafts compared to elaidic acid.Practical applications: Different processing method generated different trans fatty acids, such as industrial hydrogenation produced amount of trans 18:1, deep frying with temperature over 200°C generated both trans 18:1 and trans 18:2. Researches reported that trans fatty acids with different saturation had diverse effect on human health, especially cardiovascular disease. This paper found that 9t12t18:2 induced a stronger lesion effect on HUVECs compared with 9t18:1 through lipid rafts, which indicated that we should pay attention to 9t12t18:2 produced from deep frying, and the deep frying temperature should be dropped to reduce the trans 18:2 level. Moreover, the involvement of lipid rafts in trans fatty acids induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inflammation was demonstrated, which provided a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Both linoelaidic acid and elaidic acid induced HUVECs apoptosis and increased expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins. However, supplementation of TFAs to MβCD‐treated cells increased the cell viability and significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, linolelaidic acid induces a stronger lesion effect on HUVECs by lipid rafts mediation compared to elaidic acid.