bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust optimal Robin boundary control for the transient heat equation with random input data
Authors: Martínez‐Frutos J. , Kessler M. , Münch A. , Periago F. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe problem of robust optimal Robin boundary control for a parabolic partial differential equation with uncertain input data is considered. As a measure of robustness, the variance of the random system response is included in two different cost functionals. Uncertainties in both the underlying state equation and the control variable are quantified through random fields. The paper is mainly concerned with the numerical resolution of the problem. To this end, a gradient‐based method is proposed considering different functional costs to achieve the robustness of the system. An adaptive anisotropic sparse grid stochastic collocation method is used for the numerical resolution of the associated state and adjoint state equations. The different functional costs are analysed in terms of computational efficiency and its capability to provide robust solutions. Two numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Bayesian Experimental Design for Priors of Compact Support with Application to Shock‐Tube Experiments for Combustion Kinetics
Authors: Bisetti Fabrizio , Kim Daesang , Knio Omar , Long Quan , Tempone Raul 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe analysis of reactive systems in combustion science and technology relies on detailed models comprising many chemical reactions that describe the conversion of fuel and oxidizer into products and the formation of pollutants. Shock‐tube experiments are a convenient setting for measuring the rate parameters of individual reactions. The temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants are chosen to maximize the sensitivity of the measured quantities to the rate parameter of the target reaction. In this study, we optimize the experimental setup computationally by optimal experimental design in a Bayesian framework. We approximate the posterior probability density functions (pdf) using truncated Gaussian distributions in order to account for the bounded domain of the uniform prior pdf of the parameters. The underlying Gaussian distribution is obtained in the spirit of the Laplace method, more precisely, the mode is chosen as the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate, and the covariance is chosen as the negative inverse of the Hessian of the misfit function at the MAP estimate. The model related entities are obtained from a polynomial surrogate. The optimality, quantified by the information gain measures, can be estimated efficiently by a rejection sampling algorithm against the underlying Gaussian probability distribution, rather than against the true posterior. This approach offers a significant error reduction when the magnitude of the invariants of the posterior covariance are comparable with the size of the bounded domain of the prior. We demonstrate the accuracy and superior computational efficiency of our method for shock‐tube experiments aiming to measure the model parameters of a key reaction, which is part of the complex kinetic network describing the hydrocarbon oxidation. In the experiments, the initial temperature and fuel concentration are optimized with respect to the expected information gain in the estimation of the parameters of the target reaction rate. We show that the expected information gain surface can change its “shape” dramatically according to the level of noise introduced into the synthetic data. The information that can be extracted from the data saturates as a logarithmic function of the number of experiments, and few experiments are needed when they are conducted at the optimal experimental design conditions. Furthermore, inversion of the legacy data indicates the validity and robustness of our designs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic relationship of the monoclonal anti‐macaque‐IL‐15 antibody Hu714MuXHu in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Pan Wei. J. , Li Hong , Xiao Jim J. , Horner Michelle J. , Lebrec Herve N. , Butz Eric A. , Kaliyaperumal Arunan , Cheah Tsui C. , Ortiz Robert C. , Prokop Samantha P. , Buntich Sabina A. , Boren Babette M. , Wolford Suzanne T. , Tsuji Wayne H. , Wienkers Larry C. , Köck Kathleen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHu714MuXHu is a recombinant chimeric murine‐human monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin‐15 (IL‐15), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with memory CD8+ and natural killer (NK) T‐cell activation and implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. A pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was developed to describe the NK cell count reduction in cynomolgus monkeys after treatment with Hu714MuXHu. Cynomolgus monkeys were dosed with Hu714MuXHu in three studies: as a single dose at 0.1 or 1 mg·kg−1 i.v.; weekly for 5 weeks at 0, 30, 60, or 150 mg·kg−1 i.v. or 150 mg·kg−1 s.c.; weekly for 13 weeks at 0, 5, 30, or 150 mg·kg−1 s.c. Serum Hu714MuXHu concentration‐time data were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis and the PK/NK cell count relationship was assessed via simultaneous PK/PD modeling. Hu714MuXHu PK was approximately dose‐proportional between 0.1–150 mg·kg−1 for i.v. and 5–150 mg·kg−1 for s.c. administration with an elimination half‐life of 12.7–18 days. Hu714MuXHu administration resulted in rapid and marked reductions in NK cell counts after the first dose which recovered fully after the serum Hu714MuXHu concentrations approached 0.1 μg·mL−1 (assay limit of quantification). PK/PD modeled Hu714MuXHu effects on NK cells had an EC50 of 0.09 μg·mL−1. In summary, weekly i.v. or s.c. doses with Hu714MuXHu for up to 3 months in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated linear PK and significant NK cell count reduction, which was described using PK/PD modeling. This approach may be used to guide investigative product dose selections for inflammatory diseases where NK cell count alterations are quantifiable.
Stable isotopes reveal spatial variability in the trophic structure of a macro‐benthic invertebrate community in a tropical coral reef
Authors: Kolasinski Joanna , Nahon Sarah , Rogers Karyne , Chauvin Anne , Bigot Lionel , Frouin Patrick 
Published: January 2016

RationaleStudies of organic matter fluxes in coral reefs are historically based on physical and biogeochemical approaches. It is important to link these approaches to community analysis as the abundance and behaviour of species, populations or trophic groups can have a profound effect on nutrient budgets.MethodsWe determined the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of coral reef organic matter sources and macro‐benthic invertebrate communities using a Europa Geo 20/20 isotope ratio mass spectrometer interfaced to an ANCA‐SL elemental analyzer in continuous flow mode. Isotopic ecology metrics and a mixing model were used to analyze and interpret the data.ResultsThe coral reef macro‐invertebrate community principally relies on detrital or recycled food sources. An increased reliance on reef nitrogen‐derived sources was observed in the cold‐dry season. The community food‐web lengths differ noticeably across the coral reef and reflect the characteristics and origin of organic matter reservoirs.ConclusionsAnthropogenic and terrestrial inputs lead to a loss of biological diversity. Exclusive dominance of suspension‐feeding species is observed in areas receiving direct surface riverine particulate organic matter. The accumulation of sediment organic matter in eutrophic areas leads to dominance of deposit‐feeding species. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repairing the efficiency loss due to varying cluster sizes in two‐level two‐armed randomized trials with heterogeneous clustering
Authors: Candel Math J. J. M. , Van Breukelen Gerard J. P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn two‐armed trials with clustered observations the arms may differ in terms of (i) the intraclass correlation, (ii) the outcome variance, (iii) the average cluster size, and (iv) the number of clusters. For a linear mixed model analysis of the treatment effect, this paper examines the expected efficiency loss due to varying cluster sizes based upon the asymptotic relative efficiency of varying versus constant cluster sizes. Simple, but nearly cost‐optimal, correction factors are derived for the numbers of clusters to repair this efficiency loss. In an extensive Monte Carlo simulation, the accuracy of the asymptotic relative efficiency and its Taylor approximation are examined for small sample sizes. Practical guidelines are derived to correct the numbers of clusters calculated under constant cluster sizes (within each treatment) when planning a study. Because of the variety of simulation conditions, these guidelines can be considered conservative but safe in many realistic situations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prior Abdominal Surgery Jeopardizes Quality of Resection in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Stommel Martijn W. J. , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , ten Broek Richard P. G. , Strik Chema , Rovers Maroeska M. , van Goor Harry 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrior abdominal surgery increases complexity of abdominal operations. Effort to prevent injury during adhesiolysis might result in less extensive bowel resection in colorectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior abdominal surgery on the outcome of colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsA nationwide prospective database of patients with primary colorectal cancer resection in The Netherlands between 2010 and 2012 was reviewed for histopathology, morbidity and mortality in patients with compared to patients without prior abdominal surgery.Results9042 patients with and 17,679 without prior abdominal surgery were analyzed. After prior abdominal surgery 20.7 % had less than 10 lymph nodes in the histopathological specimen compared to 17.8 % without prior abdominal surgery (adjusted OR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.09–1.26). Adjusted ORs for less than 10 and 12 lymph nodes were significant in colon cancer resection and not in rectal cancer resection. Subgroups of patients who had previous hepatobiliary surgery or other abdominal surgery had a higher incidence of inadequate number of harvested lymph nodes. Prior colorectal surgery increased the percentage of positive circumferential rectal resection margin by 64 % (12.5 and 7.6 %; adjusted OR 1.70, 95 % CI 1.21–2.39). For colon cancer morbidity was significantly higher in patients with prior surgery (33.2 and 29.7 %; adjusted OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.10–1.26), 30‐day mortality was comparable (4.7 % prior surgery and 3.8 % without prior surgery; adjusted OR 1.01, 95 % CI 0.88–1.17).ConclusionsPrior abdominal surgery compromises the quality of resection and increases postoperative morbidity in patients with primary colorectal cancer.
Hypolipidemic Effects of Phospholipids (PL) Containing n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Are Not Dependent on Esterification of n‐3 PUFA to PL
Authors: Fukunaga Kenji , Hosomi Ryota , Fukao Midori , Miyauchi Kazumasa , Kanda Seiji , Nishiyama Toshimasa , Yoshida Munehiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhospholipids (PL) containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects of maintaining and promoting health compared with triacylglycerols (TAG) containing n‐3 PUFA or general PL. This study evaluated the effects of dietary PL containing n‐3 PUFA and elucidated the effects of the glycerophosphate structure and n‐3 PUFA on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone, TAG containing n‐3 PUFA (1.8 %), soybean PL (2.7 %), PL containing n‐3 PUFA (2.7 %), or TAG containing n‐3 PUFA (1.8 %) + soybean PL (2.7 %). The present n‐3 PUFA‐supplemented diets had similar FA compositions, and the PL diets had similar PL compositions. TAG containing n‐3 PUFA reduced serum TAG contents, but did not affect serum cholesterol contents compared with soybean oil alone. PL diets containing n‐3 PUFA and the combination of TAG containing n‐3 PUFA and soybean PL resulted in decreased serum and liver TAG contents compared with the diet containing soybean oil alone, reflecting enhanced liver FA β‐oxidation. The results of this study show that TAG containing n‐3 PUFA with added soybean PL affects serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents to a similar degree as PL containing n‐3 PUFA. TAG containing n‐3 PUFA and soybean PL are widely used as functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical constituents and are inexpensive compared with PL containing n‐3 PUFA. Therefore, the combination of TAG containing n‐3 PUFA and soybean PL has potential as a useful and inexpensive component of functional foods.
L'obésité : réflexions anthropologiques autour des pratiques alimentaires dans la région de Tlemcen (Algérie)
Authors: Bessenouci C. 
Published: January 2016

Le défi actuel de l'anthropologie de l'alimentation est de contribuer à la compréhension de certains aspects de problématiques nutritionnelles. En tant que science holistique, son approche entreprend de décrire, analyser et comparer les interactions existant entre nature et culture. Elle se représente le système alimentaire dans toute sa complexité sociale et culturelle. En fait, le présent article aborde l'alimentation humaine selon un angle systémique permettant de discuter, d'ores et déjà, de l'interaction des différents facteurs qui la régissent et leur impact sur la persistance de certains déséquilibres nutritionnels.L'étude a été réalisée à Tlemcen (Algérie). Elle s'est donnée pour objectif d'identifier la culture alimentaire et sa relation avec le problème de l'obésité. Pour ce faire, un choix a été fait d'un échantillon de 100 personnes obèses (relevant des services de médecine interne du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tlemcen) qui ont été sélectionnées sur la base de leurs caractéristiques physiques (taille et poids) et sur la considération que l'obésité est réelle lorsque l'indice de masse corporelle est égal à 30 kg/m2ou plus. Un formulaire spécial leur a été ainsi distribué, qui comprenait des informations sur leurs méthodes de choix alimentaires et leurs modes de nutrition.Il en ressort que l'alimentation représente un moyen privilégié d'affirmation identitaire chez l'obèse, par conservatisme de culture culinaire algérienne. De plus, avec la modernité et la venue de l'alimentation industrielle ce même obèse se retrouve devant une situation ambivalente, dans laquelle un espace de liberté décisionnelle se serait dégagé en même temps qu'il aurait perdu la sécurité qu'apporte un système normatif socialement défini.Tout ceci générant une anxiété constante dès lors qu'il s'agit de choix alimentaire. Aussi, le patient justifie un décalage entre représentations et pratiques exclusivement par manque de moyens économiques ou sous l'effet d'une éventuelle stigmatisation.
RNA regulation went wrong in neurodevelopmental disorders: The example of Msi/Elavl RNA binding proteins
Authors: Yano Masato , Hayakawa‐Yano Yoshika , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRNA regulation participates in many aspects of brain development. There is substantial evidence that RNA dysregulation is critical in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, neurological diseases, and cancer. Several gene families encode RNA‐binding proteins (RNABPs) that bind directly to RNA and orchestrate the post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including pre‐mRNA splicing, stability, and poly(A) site usage. Among neural RNABPs, the Elavl and Msi families are the focus of neuronal development research owing to their hierarchical expression pattern: Msi1 is expressed in neural progenitor/stem cells, Elavl2 is expressed in early neuronal progenitors to mature neurons, and Elavl3/4 expression begins slightly later, during cortical neuron development. Traditional biochemical analyses provide mechanistic insight into RNA regulation by these RNABPs, and Drosophila and mouse genetic studies support a relationship between these RNABPs and several neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, a recent cohort analysis of the human genome shows that genetic mutations and SNPs in these RNABPs are associated with various neurological disorders. Newly emerged technologies assess transcriptome‐wide RNA‐protein interactions in vivo. These technologies, combined with classical genetics methods, provide new insight into Elavl and Msi, not only with respect to their neurodevelopmental functions, but also their roles in several diseases. We review recent discoveries related to the two RNABP families in brain development and disease.
Of clouds and zombies: How and when analogical learning improves evaluations of really new products
Authors: Herzenstein Michal , Hoeffler Steve 
Published: January 2016

AbstractReally new products (RNPs) defy classification within existing categories while challenging consumers' prior knowledge and thus are often difficult to fully appreciate. Using analogies to help consumers learn about novel features and benefits is one approach proposed in the new product literature. We examine the impact of revealing more stages of an analogy (access, mapping/transfer, and inference) and the proximity of the base domain of the analogy on evaluations of an RNP. When the base domain is similar to the new product, adding mapping/transfer information leads to more favorable evaluations, while adding the desired inference reduces evaluations. However, when the base domain is distant from the new product, revealing more information on the analogy leads to higher evaluations of RNPs. The enjoyment that arises from solving the analogy mediates the relationship between analogy completeness and product evaluations.
Usefulness of combined CARTO electroanatomical mapping and manifest entrainment in ablating adenosine triphosphate‐sensitive atrial tachycardia originating from the atrioventricular node vicinity
Authors: Okumura Ken , Sasaki Shingo , Kimura Masaomi , Horiuchi Daisuke , Sasaki Kenichi , Itoh Taihei , Tomita Hirofumi , Ishida Yuji , Kinjo Takahiko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundBy using a noncontact mapping system, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐sensitive atrial tachycardia (ATP‐AT) originating from the atrioventricular (AV) node vicinity was successfully ablated at the entrance to the slow conduction zone indicated by the manifest entrainment technique. We aimed to prospectively validate the efficacy of the combination of CARTO electroanatomical mapping and manifest entrainment in ablating this ATP‐AT.MethodsOf the 27 AT patients from January 2013 to March 2014, 6 patients with sustained ATP‐AT were studied (age, 67±13 years; tachycardia cycle length, 350±95 ms). We first created the CARTO map during AT, and performed rapid pacing from the anterior right atrial wall (ARAW) and cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) approximately 30 mm remote from the earliest activation site (EAS). We identified the site where manifest entrainment, defined as the orthodromic capture of the EAS with a long conduction time, was observed, and ablated the site approximately 20 mm remote from the EAS, between the pacing site and the EAS.ResultsManifest entrainment was demonstrated in all patients paced from the ARAW (four patients) and from the CTI (two patients). Ablation at the prespecified site terminated AT in 6±3 s, and AT became no longer inducible in all patients. At the successful ablation sites, discrete atrial electrograms were recorded; however, low‐amplitude, fractionated electrograms suggestive of slow conduction were not observed in all patients. The atrio‐His interval during sinus rhythm remained unchanged (from 96±12 to 89±7 ms, p=NS). During 11±6 months, no patients showed AT recurrence and AV conduction abnormality.ConclusionCARTO mapping‐ and manifest entrainment‐guided ablation strategy is effective and safe in the treatment of ATP‐AT.
Validation of a Sampling Method to Collect Exposure Data for Central-Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Hammami Naïma , Mertens Karl , Overholser Rosanna , Goetghebeur Els , Catry Boudewijn , Lambert Marie-Laurence 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVESurveillance of central-line–associated bloodstream infections requires the labor-intensive counting of central-line days (CLDs). This workload could be reduced by sampling. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of various sampling strategies in the estimation of CLDs in intensive care units (ICUs) and to establish a set of rules to identify optimal sampling strategies depending on ICU characteristics.DESIGNAnalyses of existing data collected according to the European protocol for patient-based surveillance of ICU-acquired infections in Belgium between 2004 and 2012.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSCLD data were reported by 56 ICUs in 39 hospitals during 364 trimesters.METHODSWe compared estimated CLD data obtained from weekly and monthly sampling schemes with the observed exhaustive CLD data over the trimester by assessing the CLD percentage error (ie, observed CLDs – estimated CLDs/observed CLDs). We identified predictors of improved accuracy using linear mixed models.RESULTSWhen sampling once per week or 3 times per month, 80% of ICU trimesters had a CLD percentage error within 10%. When sampling twice per week, this was >90% of ICU trimesters. Sampling on Tuesdays provided the best estimations. In the linear mixed model, the observed CLD count was the best predictor for a smaller percentage error. The following sampling strategies provided an estimate within 10% of the actual CLD for 97% of the ICU trimesters with 90% confidence: 3 times per month in an ICU with >650 CLDs per trimester or each Tuesday in an ICU with >480 CLDs per trimester.CONCLUSIONSampling of CLDs provides an acceptable alternative to daily collection of CLD data.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:549–554
Sesame fractions and lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Khalesi Saman , Paukste Ernesta , Nikbakht Elham , Khosravi-Boroujeni Hossein 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIncreased plasma lipid profiles are among the most important risk factors of CHD and stroke. Sesame contains considerable amounts of vitamin E, MUFA, fibre and lignans, which are thought to be associated with its plasma lipid-lowering properties. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence and identify the effects of sesame consumption on blood lipid profiles using a meta-analysis of controlled trials. PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched (from 1960 to May 2015). A total of ten controlled trials were identified based on the eligibility criteria. Both the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Rosendal scale were used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The meta-analysis results showed that consumption of sesame did not significantly change the concentrations of total blood cholesterol (−0·32 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·75, 0·11;P=0·14,I2=96 %), LDL-cholesterol (−0·15 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·50, 0·19;P=0·39,I2=96 %) or HDL-cholesterol (0·01 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·00, 0·02;P=0·16,I2=0 %). However, a significant reduction was observed in serum TAG levels (−0·24 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·32, −0·15;P<0·001,I2=84 %) after consumption of sesame. It was concluded that sesame consumption can significantly reduce blood TAG levels but there is insufficient evidence to support its hypocholesterolaemic effects. Further studies are required to determine the potential effect of sesame consumption on lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk factors.