bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Treatment for Elderly Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Personalized Approach
Authors: Larocca Alessandra , Palumbo Antonio 
Published: September 2016

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. An 84-year-old woman presented with bone pain and lytic bone lesions in April 2010. Diagnosis of multiple myeloma was based on the presence of an immunoglobulin G lambda serum M protein (4,784 mg/dL) and confirmed by the findings of bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, with t(11;14) chromosomal abnormality detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The patient’s medical history was significant for hypertension; she had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1, International Staging System (ISS) stage of 1, and Durie–Salmon stage of IIIA. In May 2010, the patient was enrolled in a randomized phase III trial comparing different lenalidomide-based treatments and received induction with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (nine cycles) followed by lenalidomide maintenance. The patient started treatment with lenalidomide 25 mg per day for 21 days and reduced-dose dexamethasone 20 mg per week per protocol because of age. Induction was well tolerated; no relevant complications occurred, except for grade 1 fatigue and grade 1 diarrhea. Best response was partial response. In March 2011, she started maintenance with lenalidomide 10 mg per day. A dose reduction of lenalidomide 5 mg per day was required because of grade 2 diarrhea. In July 2015, the patient experienced relapse, with painful collapse of L3 vertebral body.
Do Client Characteristics Really Drive the Big N Audit Quality Effect? New Evidence from Propensity Score Matching
Authors: DeFond Mark , Erkens David H. , Zhang Jieying 
Published: September 2016

A large auditing literature concludes that Big N auditors provide higher audit quality than non-Big N auditors. Recently, however, a high-profile study suggests that propensity score matching (PSM) on client characteristics eliminates the Big N effect [Lawrence A, Minutti-Meza M, Zhang P (2011) Can Big 4 versus non-Big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? Accounting Rev. 86(1):259–286]. We conjecture that this finding may be affected by PSM’s sensitivity to its design choices and/or by the validity of the audit quality measures used in the analysis. To investigate, we examine random combinations of PSM design choices that achieve covariate balance, and four commonly used audit quality measures. We find that the majority of these design choices support a Big N effect for most of the audit quality measures. Overall, our findings show that it is premature to suggest that PSM eliminates the Big N effect.This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Iranian nurse attitudes towards the presence of family members during CPR
Authors: Esmaeli Abdar Mohammad , Rafiei Hossein , Amiri Masoud , Tajadini Maryam , Tavan Asghar , Rayani Forough , Ebrahimi Farah , Farokhzadian Jamileh 
Published: September 2016

Aim: The presence of family members at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential in family-centered care. Since nurses have an important role in facilitating the attendance of patients' family members in this regard, the present study was conducted to examine nurse attitudes towards the family's presence during CPR. Methods: This study was conducted across three teaching hospitals in Kerman province located in South East of Iran. Using convenience sampling, all registered nurses were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected between January and March 2014 using the attitude questionnaire on family presence during resuscitation. Results: Of 303 nurses, 92.5% were women. The mean attitude score of nurses was 50.99 ±7.12. The main perceived barriers to family presence during resuscitation by Iranian nurses were increased stress and anxiety among CPR team members, traumatic experience for the family members, difficulty around stopping CPR in futile situations owing to family requests, and family impressions about the fear of litigation related to resuscitation. Conclusion: This study revealed that nurses may have not positive attitudes towards family presence during CPR. It is necessary to improve these attitudes via educational programmes.
A Synthesis of Current Surveillance Planning Methods for the Sequential Monitoring
of Drug and Vaccine Adverse Effects Using Electronic Health Care Data
Authors: Nelson Jennifer C. , Wellman Robert , Yu Onchee , Cook Andrea J. , Maro Judith C. , Ouellet-Hellstrom Rita , Boudreau Denise , Floyd James S. , Heckbert Susan R. , Pinheiro Simone , Reichman Marsha , Shoaibi Azadeh 
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The large-scale assembly of electronic health care data combined
with the use of sequential monitoring has made proactive postmarket drug- and
vaccine-safety surveillance possible. Although sequential designs have been used
extensively in randomized trials, less attention has been given to methods for applying
them in observational electronic health care database settings.Existing Methods: We
review current sequential-surveillance planning methods from randomized trials, and the
Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) and Mini-Sentinel Pilot projects—two national
observational electronic health care database safety monitoring programs.Future
Surveillance Planning: Based on this examination, we suggest three steps for future
surveillance planning in health care databases: (1) prespecify the sequential design and
analysis plan, using available feasibility data to reduce assumptions and minimize later
changes to initial plans; (2) assess existing drug or vaccine uptake, to determine if
there is adequate information to proceed with surveillance, before conducting more
resource-intensive planning; and (3) statistically evaluate and clearly communicate the
sequential design with all those designing and interpreting the safety-surveillance
results prior to implementation. Plans should also be flexible enough to accommodate
dynamic and often unpredictable changes to the database information made by the health
plans for administrative purposes.Conclusions: This paper is intended to encourage
dialogue about establishing a more systematic, scalable, and transparent sequential
design-planning process for medical-product safety-surveillance systems utilizing
observational electronic health care databases. Creating such a framework could yield
improvements over existing practices, such as designs with increased power to assess
serious adverse events.
Comparison of cardiac dysfunction in thalassemia major patients using deferoxamine or deferiprone as an iron-chelating agent
Authors: Josep Rosalina , Wahidiiyat Pustika Amalia , Trihono Partini , Yanuarso Piprim 
Published: September 2016

Background In thalassemia major (TM) patients, major mortalityis due to cardiac hemosiderosis. Several types of iron chelatingagent available recently are given to overcome this problemObjective To compare cardiac dysfunction in thalassemia majorpatients who used subcutaneous deferoxamine (DFO) to thosewho used oral deferiprone (DFP) as an iron􀁆chelating agent.Methods This cross􀁆sectional study was held at the ThalassemiaCenter, Department of Child Health􀁆Cipto MangunkusumoHospital (DCH􀁆CMH), Jakarta. We included TM patients aged1O􀁆18 years Mth a mean pre􀁆transfused hemoglobin level of 2:.7g/dL in the prior year, and who had used DFO or DFP for atleast 1 year v.ith good compliance, at a standard dose of DFO at40-60 mg/kg/day for 5 days a week or DFP at 50-100 mg/kg/day.We excluded TM patients v.ith congenital heart disease or overtheart failure. Trans􀁆thoracal echocardiography was performed atthe Integrated Cardiac Service, CMH by a pediatric cardiologistusing the conventional method and tissue Doppler imaging (TD I)consecutively, and within 2 weeks of the subject's receiving apacked red blood cell (PREC) transfusion. The 57 TM subjectsconsisted of 19 DFO users and 38 DFP users.Results In our subjects, diastolic dysfunction was more commonlyseen than systolic dysfunction, especially moderate diastolicdysfunction. In the DFO group, diastolic dysfunction only wasdetected in 3/19 subjects, systolic dysfunction only in 1/19 subjects,and both diastolic and systolic dysfunction in 15/19 subjects. Noneof the DFO users had normal cardiac function. In the DFP group,diastolic dysfunction only was seen in 6/38 subjects, and bothdiastolic and systolic dysfunction in 30/38 subjects, while 2/38subjects had normal cardiac function.Conclusion Diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction was detected inthe majority of subjects, but with preserved global cardiac function.We found that cardiac dysfunction was not significantly different inthe two iron chelator groups. For all subjects, diastolic dysfunction was seen in 89% of cases, while systolic dysfunction was detectedin 77% of cases. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:272,9].
DIGITALISASI ARSIP FOTO UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEBAGAI LANDASAN IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK
Authors: Handayani Tri , Kurniawan Amin Taufiq 
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on digitalization archival photo Diponegoro University, as the basis for Diponegoro University towards the era of public information openness. This basis can be realized among others bythe publication digital photo archives of the three traditional missions of academic institutions (tridharma perguruan tinggi) and digital photo archive of administrative activity of Head of the University of Diponegoro through the website of Khazanah Arsip Foto Undip (Collection of Undip Photo Archive). As a conclusion, Khazanah Arsip Foto Undip were digitalized and uploaded to the Undip website were information to the public about the achievements of the University of Diponegoro in organizing the three traditional missions of academic institutions activities, and the information to the public about the achievements of the Head of Diponegoro University policy.
Braudel in Algier. Die kolonialen Wurzeln der „Méditerranée“ und der „spatial turn“
Authors: Borutta Manuel 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Auf der Basis neuer Quellen zeigt der Aufsatz, dass Fernand Braudels „La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II“ (1949/<sup>2</sup>1966) ein Produkt kolonialer und postkolonialer Verflechtungen zwischen Frankreich und Algerien war. Zugleich wird dieser Klassiker der Geschichtsschreibung in der Debatte um den „spatial turn“ verortet. Zunächst werden die kolonialen Entstehungsbedingungen des Werks beleuchtet: Zwischen 1923 und 1932 arbeitete Braudel als Gymnasiallehrer in Algerien, wo sich seine Vision vom Mittelmeer herausbildete. Im Rückgriff auf die „Schule von Algier“ reproduzierte Braudel in „La Méditerranée“ koloniale Denkfiguren der Zwischenkriegszeit. Gleichzeitig kritisierte er darin implizit den europäischen Kolonialismus, weshalb „La Méditerranée“ zuletzt sogar als antikoloniales Werk gelesen und mit postkolonialen Theorien in Verbindung gebracht worden ist. Allerdings klammerte Braudel ausgerechnet Französisch-Algerien aus seiner Kolonialismuskritik aus. Auch nach der Dekolonisation warb er wiederholt um Verständnis für die französische Algerienpolitik. Erkläret wird diese ambivalente Haltung mit Braudels privaten Verbindungen: Ein Jahr nach seinem Aufenthalt in Nordafrika heiratete er Paule Pradel, eine Tochter europäischer Siedler aus dem algerischen Departement Oran. Ihrer Familie war Braudel eng verbunden. Auch mit seinen ehemaligen Kollegen und Schülern aus Constantine und Algier blieb er bis an sein Lebensende in Kontakt. Wie diesen pieds-noirs erschien Französisch-Algerien Braudel als ein verlorenes Paradies. Die „Méditerranée“ ist daher nicht nur ein wissenschaftliches Werk, sondern auch ein Dokument nostalgischer Erinnerung an ein untergegangenes Imperium.
Mit Blick auf die Debatte um den „spatial turn“ erinnert jedoch gerade Braudels Heroisierung des Kampfes europäischer Siedler mit der nordafrikanischen Natur in „La Méditerranée“ daran, dass Räume nicht nur soziale Konstruktionen, sondern auch physische Realitäten sind, die menschliches Handeln beeinflussen. Trotz seines kolonialen bias bleibt Braudels „La Méditerranée“ daher auch für künftige Analysen des Verhältnisses von Raum und Geschichte nützlich.
‚Sicherheit‘ im politischen Diskurs des klassischen Athen
Authors: Piepenbrink Karen 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
‚Sicherheit‘ als politscher Wertbegriff ist im politischen Diskurs des klassischen Athen vielfach belegt, wird hier jedoch nicht uneingeschränkt positiv konnotiert, sondern ambivalent beurteilt. Dieser Befund lässt sich durch bloßen Verweis auf allgemeine Merkmale vormoderner Gesellschaften, in denen ‚Sicherheit‘ als kollektiver Wert generell von geringerer Relevanz zu sein scheint als in modernen, nicht hinreichend interpretieren, sondern steht in unmittelbarem Kausalzusammenhang mit den Spezifika der politischen Organisationsform der attischen Demokratie.
Neostriatal GABAergic Interneurons Mediate Cholinergic Inhibition of Spiny Projection Neurons
Authors: Faust Thomas W. , Assous Maxime , Tepper James M. , Koós Tibor 
Published: September 2016

Synchronous optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneuronsex vivoproduces a disynaptic inhibition of spiny projection neurons composed of biophysically distinct GABAAfastand GABAAslowcomponents. This has been shown to be due, at least in part, to activation of nicotinic receptors on GABAergic NPY-neurogliaform interneurons that monosynaptically inhibit striatal spiny projection neurons. Recently, it has been proposed that a significant proportion of this inhibition is actually mediated by activation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors on nigrostriatal terminals that evoke GABA release from the terminals of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. To disambiguate these the two mechanisms, we crossed mice in which channelrhodopsin is endogenously expressed in cholinergic neurons with Htr3a-Cre mice, in which Cre is selectively targeted to several populations of striatal GABAergic interneurons, including the striatal NPY-neurogliaform interneuron. Htr3a-Cre mice were then virally transduced to express halorhodopsin to allow activation of channelrhodopsin and halorhodopsin, individually or simultaneously. Thus we were able to optogenetically disconnect the interneuron-spiny projection neuron (SPN) cell circuit on a trial-by-trial basis. As expected, optogenetic activation of cholinergic interneurons produced inhibitory currents in SPNs. During simultaneous inhibition of GABAergic interneurons with halorhodopsin, we observed a large, sometimes near complete reduction in both fast and slow components of the cholinergic-evoked inhibition, and a delay in IPSC latency. This demonstrates that the majority of cholinergic-evoked striatal GABAergic inhibition is derived from GABAergic interneurons. These results also reinforce the notion that a semiautonomous circuit of striatal GABAergic interneurons is responsible for transmitting behaviorally relevant cholinergic signals to spiny projection neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe circuitry between neurons of the striatum has been recently described to be far more complex than originally imagined. One example of this phenomenon is that striatal cholinergic interneurons have been shown to provide intrinsic nicotinic excitation of local GABAergic interneurons, which then inhibit the projection neurons of the striatum. As deficits of cholinergic interneurons are reported in patients with Tourette syndrome, the normal functions of these interneurons are of great interest. Whether this novel route of nicotinic input constitutes a major output of cholinergic interneurons remains unknown. The study addressed this question using excitatory and inhibitory optogenetic technology, so that cholinergic interneurons could be selectively activated and GABAergic interneurons selectively inhibited to determine the causal relationship in this circuit.
Hyperglycemia in Stroke Impairs Polarization of Monocytes/Macrophages to a Protective Noninflammatory Cell Type
Authors: Khan Mahtab A. , Schultz Sina , Othman Alaa , Fleming Thomas , Lebrón-Galán Rafael , Rades Dirk , Clemente Diego , Nawroth Peter P. , Schwaninger Markus 
Published: September 2016

Hyperglycemia is common in patients with acute stroke, even in those without preexisting diabetes, and denotes a bad outcome. However, the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia are largely unclear. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, we found that hyperglycemia increased the infarct volume and decreased the number of protective noninflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the ischemic brain. Ablation of peripheral monocytes blocked the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia, suggesting that monocytes are required. In hyperglycemic mice, α-dicarbonyl glucose metabolites, the precursors for advanced glycation end products, were significantly elevated in plasma and ischemic brain tissue. The receptor of advanced glycation end products, AGER (previously known as RAGE), interfered with polarization of macrophages to a noninflammatory phenotype. WhenAgerwas deleted, hyperglycemia did not aggravate ischemic brain damage any longer. Independently of AGER, methylglyoxal reduced the release of endothelial CSF-1 (M-CSF), which stimulates polarization of macrophages to a noninflammatory phenotype in the microenvironment of the ischemic brain. In summary, our study identified α-dicarbonyls and AGER as mediators by which hyperglycemia lowers the number of protective noninflammatory macrophages and consequently increases ischemic brain damage. Modulating the metabolism of α-dicarbonyls or blocking AGER may improve the treatment of stroke patients with hyperglycemia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough glucose is the main energy substrate of the brain, hyperglycemia aggravates ischemic brain damage in acute stroke. So far, clinical trials have indicated that insulin treatment provides no solution to this common clinical problem. This study shows, in an experimental stroke model, that hyperglycemia interferes with the polarization of monocytes/macrophages to a protective cell type. Key players are α-dicarbonyls and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGER). Deletion of AGER normalized monocyte/macrophage polarization and reversed the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia, suggesting new avenues to treat stroke patients.
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: McGarry Laura M. , Carter Adam G. 
Published: September 2016

Interactions between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) regulate emotional behaviors. However, a circuit-level understanding of functional connections between these brain regions remains incomplete. The BLA sends prominent glutamatergic projections to the PFC, but the overall influence of these inputs is predominantly inhibitory. Here we combine targeted recordings and optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons. Inhibitory connections from these two populations of interneurons are also much stronger onto corticoamygdala neurons. Consequently, BLA inputs are able to drive robust feedforward inhibition via two parallel interneuron pathways. Moreover, the contributions of these interneurons shift during repetitive activity, due to differences in short-term synaptic dynamics. Thus, parvalbumin interneurons are activated at the start of stimulus trains, whereas somatostatin interneuron activation builds during these trains. Together, these results reveal how the BLA impacts the PFC through a complex interplay of direct excitation and feedforward inhibition. They also highlight the roles of targeted connections onto multiple projection neurons and interneurons in this cortical circuit. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding for how the BLA can influence the PFC circuit, with important implications for how this circuit participates in the regulation of emotion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) interact to control emotional behaviors. Here we show that BLA inputs elicit direct excitation and feedforward inhibition of layer 2 projection neurons in infralimbic PFC. BLA inputs are much stronger at corticoamygdala neurons compared with nearby corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs are even more powerful at parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons. BLA inputs thus activate two parallel inhibitory networks, whose contributions change during repetitive activity. Finally, connections from these interneurons are also more powerful at corticoamygdala neurons compared with corticostriatal neurons. Together, our results demonstrate how the BLA predominantly inhibits the PFC via a complex sequence involving multiple cell-type and input-specific connections.