bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting Critical Databases – Towards a Risk Based Assessment of Critical Information Infrastructures (CIIS) in South Africa
Authors: Njotini Mzukisi Niven 
Published: April 2017

South Africa has made great strides towards protecting critical information infrastructures (CIIs). For example, South Africa recognises the significance of safeguarding places or areas that are essential to the national security of South Africa or the economic and social well-being of South African citizens. For this reason South Africa has established mechanisms to assist in preserving the integrity and security of CIIs. The measures provide inter alia for the identification of CIIs; the registration of the full names, address and contact details of the CII administrators (the persons who manage CIIs); the identification of the location(s) of CIIs or their component parts; and the outlining of the general descriptions of information or data stored in CIIs.

It is argued that the measures to protect CIIs in South Africa are inadequate. In particular, the measures rely on a one-size-fits-all approach to identify and classify CIIs. For this reason the South African measures are likely to lead to the adoption of a paradigm that considers every infrastructure, data or database, regardless of its significance or importance, to be key or critical.
El uso del lenguaje, más allá de las normas
Authors: Montenegro Guevara Laura Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

<p>Este trabajo pretende realizar una reflexión, estableciendo un paralelo entre la Psicología Social y la Psicología del Lenguaje, entendiendo que ambas están reguladas por normas y pautas sociales más allá de lo prescriptivo y normativo, implícitas en las normas institucionales sobre el uso del lenguaje y la semántica del discurso utilizada en la actualidad. </p>
De la alteridad a la hiperalteridad: la relación con el otro en la Sociedad Red
Authors: Ure Mariano 
Published: April 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El artículo analiza desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria la relación de los hombres con los otros en una sociedad que, a través de la expansión de las tecnologías de la información, va constituyendo una red global de conexiones ilimitadas. Esto nos lleva a preguntarnos si la Sociedad Red es la expresión histórica de un ser- así interdependientes de los hombres y si sus dinámicas comunicacionales reales favorecen la construcción de lo interhumano. La aproximación al problema retoma las propuestas de la losofía de la alteridad y apela a contribuciones teóricas sobre las relaciones sociales basadas en intercambios comunicativos. El resultado es una reformulación de los principios de la losofía de la alteridad tradicional, en la cual se identi can las posibilidades y condiciones del despliegue de la vocación humana de quienes integran redes. </span></p></div></div></div>
Buscar y forjar una identidad latinoamericana desde el aula
Authors: Fallilone Emiliano 
Published: April 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Buscar y forjar una identidad latinoamericana desde el aula, es un intento de analizar la necesidad de pensar la losofía y la realidad desde la condición socio-política-contextual-histórica que hace ser a una persona latinoamericana. Se encuentra en dicho suelo, la irrupción de un pensamiento subversivo, cuestionador y crítico. Sin embargo, el problema de la posibilidad o no de un pensar original, su consecuente historia y el sujeto del losofar, son elementos que se debaten aún en la interna de esta nueva manera de abordar la realidad. Se exponen algunos elementos de este debate, como la cuestión en torno al sujeto que losofa y educa, sobre la formulación de un nuevo pensamiento o una nueva losofía. En el siguiente artículo, también se problematizará la construcción de la historia de América Latina como discurso hegemónico de los sectores ideológicos dominantes de corte eurocéntrico, y por el contrario, la irrupción de una construcción de historia arraigada en nuestro suelo, mediante una toma de conciencia del propio proceso histórico. Desde allí, se planteará como incertidumbre la posibilidad o no, al dejar que irrumpa este nuevo pensamiento dentro del aula, a los nes de suscitar nuevas miradas y generar una praxis educativa consecuente con el planteo de la losofía de la liberación. Para esto, se resume la gestación de la losofía de la liberación y los principales elementos de la misma, profundizando después, la particularidad de pensar desde un nuevo sujeto plural referido al pueblo, como categoría original, y se comenta el método analéctico como superación de la dialéctica y la ontología clásica. Al nal, se intentará acercar algunas re exiones desde el aula para animar a seguir pensando la cuestión y dejar latente el deseo repensar la educación, la losofía y su enseñanza. </span></p></div></div></div>
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice about menstruation and menstrual hygiene among secondary high school girls in Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
Authors: Fehintola Funmito Omolola , Fehintola Akintunde Olusegun , Aremu Ayodele Olatayo , Idowu Ajibola , Ogunlaja Olumuyiwa A , Ogunlaja Idowu Paulina 
Published: April 2017

Background: Menstruation has more profound effect on quality of education than other aspect of puberty because it involves a learning component as well as elements affected by the school environment and infrastructure. It is, therefore, imperative to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Secondary School girls in Ogbomoso on the subject of menstruation and menstrual hygiene.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out between June and August 2016. A total of 447 eligible female adolescent secondary school students were selected by multistage sampling technique. A semi-structured facilitated self- administered questionnaire was used.Results: Majority (96.4%) of the adolescents have heard about menstruation before menarche while 55.9% had good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Despite the high level of knowledge, about 64% of the respondents describe their response to their first menses as scary, discomforting or emotionally disturbing. Also, only 25% of the respondents had good menstrual hygiene practice. Factors that were significantly associated with good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene in this study were older adolescent age (15-19 years) (χ2=47.68, P<0.0001); adolescents whose mothers have greater than secondary school education (χ2=42.52, P<0.0001); and those living with their parents (χ2=123.9 ,P=0.001) while only living with parents significantly influenced good practices.Conclusions: The study concluded that majority of the adolescents do not observe good hygienic practice during menstruation despite relatively good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Efforts have to be put into ensuring that adolescents are well educated on the meaning of menstruation, the importance of good hygienic practice both in schools and at home.
KEMANDIRIAN PENGADILAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Santoso M. Agus 
Published: April 2017

<p align="center"><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>b</em></strong><strong><em>s</em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong><strong><em>r</em></strong><strong><em>a</em></strong><strong><em>c</em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong></p><p><em>P</em><em>urpose of this study is to find out the independence of the judiciary of corruption in the state system in Indonesia. The method used is a normative legal research methods (legal research), with the approach of the statute .Data sourced from legislation, library materials, and interviews. Qualitative data was analyzed in such a way and set out in writing a descriptive analysis. The results of this study illustrate that the independence of the corruption judiciary is determined from the independence of its institutions, the courts, and the judges. The intervention against corruption court decision is not aimed at her agency or the judicial process, but addressed to the judge overseeing the corruption case, in the form of feedback, criticism and even censure which was published in a newspaper that has led to contempt of court.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>Independence </em><em>of corruption court, and constitutional system.</em></p><p align="center"><strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ra</strong><strong>k</strong></p><p>Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kemandirian pengadilan tindak pidana korupsi dalam sistem ketatanegaraan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode penelitian hukum normatif (<em>legal research</em>), dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (<em>Statute approach</em>) .. Data yang bersumber dari perundang-undangan, bahan pustaka, dan hasil wawancara. Data kualitatif kemudian dianalisis sedemikian rupa dan dituangkan dalam bentuk tulisan secara diskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini memberi gambaran bahwa bentuk kemandirian pengadilan tindak pidana korupsi ditentukan dari kemandirian lembaganya, proses peradilannya, dan hakimnya. Adanya intervensi terhadap putusan pengadilan tindak pidana korupsi bukan ditujukan terhadap lembaganya atau proses peradilannya, tetapi ditujukan kepada hakim yang menangani perkara korupsi, berupa tanggapan, kritik dan bahkan celaan yang dimuat dalam berita surat kabar yang sudah mengarah pada <em>contempt of court</em>.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>Kemandirian Pengadilan Tipikor, dan sistem ketatanegaraan.</p>
STUDI EVALUATIF PERAN HAKIM AD HOC dALAM PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INdUSTRIAL dI PENGAdILAN HUBUNGAN INdUSTRIAL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wijayanta Tata Wijayanta , Hernawan Ari 
Published: April 2017

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The research aim to evaluate the role of ad hoc judges in the settlement of industrial relation disputes, as well as to explore further what are the obstacles which may occur in the course of performing their duties. The research is a normative-empiric legal research. The data research comes from secondary data derived from literature studies and primary data from field researches. The data analyzed by qualitatively. The results of this research will show that ad hoc judges are appointed by the Supreme court and assigned to cases by the President of the court of Industrial Relations. Since its establishment, there has only been two appointments of ad hoc judges (one from the enterpreneur and the other from the labor union), and the court has tried and decided upon 104 cases (2006-2011). The most paramount obstacle turns out to be the lack of knowledge of the ad hoc judges in civil procedural laws while trying and deciding cases before them.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>: </strong><em>c</em><em>ourt of Industrial Relations</em>, <em>Ad hoc Judge</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran hakim <em>ad hoc </em>dan untuk mengkaji hambatan-hambatan yang dialami hakim <em>ad hoc </em>dalam penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial (PHI). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris bersumber pada data sekunder dan data primer melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan Data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hakim <em>ad hoc </em>diangkat oleh Mahkamah Agung dan ditunjuk dalam suatu perkara oleh Ketua PHI. Sejak didirikan PHI yogyakarta hanya terdapat dua hakim <em>ad hoc </em>yang masing-masing merupakan perwakilan dari pengusaha dan pekerja. Sebanyak 104 perkara diperiksa dan diputus oleh PHI yogyakarta antara 2006-2011. Hambatan utama yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman hakim <em>ad hoc </em>tentang hukum acara perdata yang menghambat ketika para hakim <em>ad ho</em>c ini harus memeriksa dan memutus perkara.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>Pengadilan hubungan industrial, Hakim <em>ad hoc</em></p>
Alternatif atas Pemberlakuan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam Konflik Bersenjata Melawan Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Authors: Kusumo Ayub Torry Satriyo , Tejomurti Kukuh 
Published: April 2017

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Recently, there is a shift in armed conflict in the world from the conflicts among states or between state and belligerent into the conflict which happened across nations’ border, such as the </em><em>Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The ISIS is a non-state actor, which consequently means that the conflicts cannot be properly categorized into international armed conflict. As the consequence, the international humanitarian law cannot be put into practice. The alternative solution is to apply the Martens Clause by paying an ultimate appreciation of fundamental principles of international humanitarian law for the sake of humanity and human rights</em>.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords </em></strong><strong>: <em>ISIS, Martens Clause, Fundamental Principle</em></strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Dewasa ini telah terjadi pergeseran subyek konflik bersenjata yang semula terjadi antar-negara atau antara negara dengan pemberontak menjadi konflik lintas-batas negara seperti <em>Islamic State of Iraq and Syria </em>(ISIS). Status ISIS dalam hukum internasional bukan sebagai negara melainkan sebagai aktor non negara (<em>non-state actor</em>). Perang melawan ISIS tidak termasuk ke dalam konflik bersenjata internasional karena tidak memenuhi kriteria berdasarkan Konvensi Jenewa Tahun 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan I Tahun 1977. Hal ini sangat mungkin memunculkan kesulitan pemberlakukan HHI. Sebagai alternatifnya, penerapan <em>Martens Clause</em> dapat dilakukan, yaitu dengan menghormati prinsip-prinsip fundamental yang menjadi dasar hukum humaniter internasional demi penghargaan terhadap kemanusiaan dan hak asasi manusia.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : ISIS, <em>Martens Clause</em>, Prinsip Fundamental</strong><strong></strong></p><strong></strong><strong></strong>
MODEL PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM PELAKSANAAN CORPORATE SOSIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: - Pujiyono , Wiwoho Jamal , - Triyanto 
Published: April 2017

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an obligation that imposed on a company under Article 74 of Law No. 40 Year 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company (UUPT). CSR implementation has some problems because of the lack of regulations (UUPT) that thera no sanctions for the companies that do not implement CSR. Currently, many companies that do not implement CSR maximally. So that the implementation of CSR is currently less of legal responsibility. Therefor, it is necessary to formulate a model of CSR’s accountability in order to fill the legal vacuum that occurs at this time in order to improve the welfare of society. This research used research and development / R&amp;D method. The location of research consits of PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) in Jakarta and some companies in Surakarta. The data used is derived from the primary data from informants, while secondary data in the form of journals, papers, reports, results of previous studies and other relevant publications. The Instrument collecting data using interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD) and literature study. For the analysis used qualitative analysis techniques.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : </em></strong><em>CSR, Legal responsibility, the welfare of society.</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan atau <em>Corporate Social Responsibility </em>(CSR) merupakan kewajiban yang dibebankan kepada suatu perusahaan berdasarkan Pasal 74 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (UUPT). Pelaksanaan CSR masih menjadi persoalan karena belum adanya peraturan pelaksanaan dari UUPT tentang pengawasan dan sanksi bagi perusahaan yang tidak melaksanakan CSR. Saat ini banyak perusahaan hanya melakukan CSR secara suka-suka tanpa ada pedoman yang jelas. Sehingga pelaksanaan CSR saat ini kurang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Untuk itu perlu dirumuskan model pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan CSR guna mengisi kekosongan hukum yang terjadi saat ini guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (<em>research and development </em>/ R&amp;D). Lokasi penelitian meliputi PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) di Jakarta dan beberapa Perusahaan di Surakarta. Data yang dipergunakan yakni data primer berasal dari informan, sedangkan data sekunder berupa jurnal, makalah, laporan, hasil penelitian terdahulu dan publikasi lainnya yang relevan. Instrumen pengumpul data menggunakan wawancara, kuesioner, <em>Focus Group Discussion </em>(FGD) dan studi kepustakaan. Untuk analisis digunakan teknik analisis kualitatif.</p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>CSR, Pertanggungjawaban Hukum, Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE SEBAGAI LANDASAN DALAM MERUMUSKAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: Latifah Emmy 
Published: April 2017

<p align="center"><em>A</em><em>b</em><em>s</em><em>tr</em><em>ac</em><em>t</em></p><p align="center"><em>T</em><em>h</em><em>i</em><em>s study aims to explore on how to formulate and what should be considered in formulating the precautionary principle within public policy in order to generate appropriate and effective public policy. Precautionary principle is one of the important principles in International Law, particularly in International Environmental Law. This principle implies caution (prudence) in the face of new challenges, especially in the development of technology. Caution is not understood as an unwillingness to act or lack of courage to face new challenges, but on the contrary, the caution conduct is needed for the policy maker to make a</em><em>ctivity contain potential danger to the public butat the same time that danger is not understood because</em></p><p> <em>K</em><em>ey</em><em>w</em><em>o</em><em>r</em><em>d</em><em>s</em><em>: </em><em>p</em><em>recautionary principle, public policy.</em></p><p align="center"><em>A</em><em>b</em><em>s</em><em>tr</em><em>a</em><em>k</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana cara merumuskan dan apa saja yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan <em>precautionary principle </em>dalam kebijakan publik agar menghasilkan kebijakan publik yang tepat dan efektif. <em>Precautionary principle </em>menjadi salah satu prinsip yang penting di dalam perkembangan Hukum Internasional, khususnya Hukum Lingkungan Internasional. Prinsip ini mengandung makna kehati-hatian dalam menghadapi tantangan baru salah satunya berupa perkembangan teknologi. Sikap kehati-hatian ini bukan dipahami sebagai ketidakmauan untuk bertindak atau kurangnya keberanian untuk menghadapi tantangan baru, namun sebaliknya, sikap kehati-hatian bagi para perumus kebijakan publik diperlukan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat mengenai suatu produk atau kegiatan khusus di mana di dalamnya terdapat kecurigaan bahwa produk atau kegiatan tersebut mengandung potensi bahaya bagi masyarakat luas namun di waktu yang sama bahaya tersebut belum dimengerti karena belum adanya bukti-bukti ilmiah.</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>precautionary principle</em>, kebijakan publik.</p><p> </p>
Sergius of Reshaina, Introduction to Aristotle and his Categories, Addressed to Philotheos, Syriac Text, Introduction, Translation, and Commentary by Sami Aydin, (Aristoteles Semitico–Latinus, 24), Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2016, XI + 328 pp.
Authors: WISSA Myriam 
Published: April 2017

Review of:
Sergius of Reshaina, Introduction to Aristotle and his Categories, Addressed to Philotheos, Syriac Text, Introduction, Translation, and Commentary by Sami Aydin, (Aristoteles Semitico–Latinus, 24), Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2016, XI + 328 pp., 9789004324954 (hbk), 9789004325142 (e-book)
A New Reconstructive Technique of the Anterolateral Ligament with Iliotibial Band-Strip
Authors: Stuyts Bart , Van den Eeden Elke , Victor Jan 
Published: April 2017

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a well-established surgical procedure for the correction of ACL ruptures. However, the incidence of instability following ACL reconstruction is substantial. Recent studies have led to greater insight into the anatomy and the radiographic characteristics of the native anterolateral ligament (ALL), along with its possible role in residual instability after ACL reconstruction.Method:The current paper describes a lateral extra-articular tenodesis to reconstruct the ALL during ACL procedures, using a short iliotibial band strip. The distal insertion of this strip is left intact on the anterolateral side of the proximal tibia, and the proximal part is fixed at the anatomic femoral insertion of the ALL.Results:Our technique avoids the sacrifice of one of the hamstring tendons for the ALL reconstruction. Additionally, there is no interference with the anatomical location or function of the LCL.Conclusion:Our technique offers a minimally invasive and nearly complete anatomical reconstruction of the ALL with minimal additional operative time.
Adverse Outcomes Associated with Preventable Complications in Hospitalized Patients with CKD
Authors: Bohlouli Babak , Jackson Terri Jurgens , Tonelli Marcello , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Klarenbach Scott 
Published: April 2017

Background

and objectives Patients with CKD are at risk of hospital-acquired complications (HACs). We sought to determine the association of preventable HACs with mortality, length of stay (LOS), and readmission.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All adults hospitalized from April of 2003 to March of 2008 in Alberta were characterized by kidney function and occurrence of preventable HACs. CKD was defined by eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albumin-to-creatinine ratio >3–30 mg/mmol for >3 months in the time frame from 365 to 90 days before admission. Regression models examined the association of HACs with outcomes.

Results
Of 536,549 hospitalizations, 8.5% (n=45,733) had CKD and 9.8% of patients with CKD had one or more potentially preventable HAC. In patients with potentially preventable HACs, proportions of death within index hospitalization and from discharge to 90 days were 17.7% and 6.8%, respectively. In patients with CKD, comparing with those hospitalizations without potentially preventable HACs, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of mortality during index hospitalization and from hospital discharge to 90 days in patients with one or more preventable HAC was 4.67 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.17 to 5.22) and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.25), respectively. Median incremental LOS in patients with one or more preventable HAC was 9.86 days (95% CI, 9.25 to 10.48). The OR for readmission with preventable HAC was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.34). In a cohort with and without CKD, the adjusted ORs of mortality during index hospitalization in patients with CKD and no preventable HACs, patients without CKD and with preventable HACs, and patients with CKD and preventable HACs were 2.22 (95% CI, 1.69 to 2.94), 5.26 (95% CI, 4.98 to 5.55), and 9.56 (95% CI, 7.23 to 12.56), respectively (referenced to patients without CKD or preventable HACs).

Conclusions
Preventable HACs are associated with higher mortality, incremental LOS, and greater risk of readmission, especially in people with CKD. Targeted strategies to reduce complications should be a high priority.