bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement in a Military Population
Authors: Thomas Darren D. , Bernhardson Andrew S. , Bernstein Ethan , Dewing Christopher B. 
Published: September 2017

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can lead to hip pain and early joint degeneration. There have been few reports to date on the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAI in the military population.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to compare patient demographics with postoperative outcomes after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic FAI and to identify preoperative risk factors for poor outcomes. The hypothesis was that certain preoperative patient characteristics will be predictive of poorer outcomes and that lower outcomes scores will be associated with a higher likelihood of medical separation from the military.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:Retrospective chart review of active-duty and dependent patients older than 18 years who underwent hip arthroscopy for symptomatic FAI from 2009 to 2014 at a single institution.Results:A total of 469 (309 males and 160 females) surgeries were performed on 456 active-duty personnel and 13 dependent civilians, with a mean 2.5-year follow-up. Overall, 39% (n = 179) were able to return to duty (RTD), 18% (n = 82) were medically cleared to return to normal daily activities but did not remain on active duty, and 43% (n = 195) required referral to the Disability Evaluation System (DES). Increasing rank and male sex were positive predictors and Axis 1 psychiatric diagnosis, revision surgery, concomitant psoas tenotomy, multiple medical comorbidities, and complaints of generalized pelvic pain were negative predictors for returning to duty. US Marine Infantry and Special Forces showed improved RTD rates (50%-86%) compared with administrative, more sedentary, occupations (22%). On average, Single Alpha Numeric Evaluation (SANE) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores improved after surgery, with SANE scores improving 37 ± 28 points and VAS scores improving 2.6 ± 2.5 points. The mean postoperative SANE and VAS scores differed significantly between the RTD group and those not returning to duty; 87 and 1.2 points compared with 69 and 3.6 points, respectively ( P < .0001).Conclusion:Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of symptomatic FAI effectively improves pain symptoms and self-reported overall function but shows a much lower than expected return to full, unrestricted active duty in the general active-duty military population. Underlying psychiatric diagnoses, female sex, and more sedentary occupations are associated with lower RTD rates. Furthermore, lower postoperative SANE and VAS scores are associated with lower RTD rates. Only the more active and elite components of the military study population showed RTD rates consistent with previously reported outcomes of return to competitive sports after hip arthroscopy for FAI.
One Step for a Hospital, Ten Steps for Women: African American Women’s Experiences in a Newly Accredited Baby-Friendly Hospital
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. , Louis-Jacques Adetola F. , Deubel Tara F. , Hernandez Ivonne 
Published: September 2017

Background: Despite strides made by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative to improve and normalize breastfeeding, considerable racial inequality persists in breastfeeding rates. Few studies have explored African American women’s experience in a Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative system to understand sources of this inequality. Research aim: This study aimed to explore African American women’s experiences of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding at a women’s center associated with a university-affiliated hospital that recently achieved Baby-Friendly status. Methods: Twenty African American women who had received perinatal care at the women’s center and the hospital participated in qualitative interviews about their experiences. Data were organized using the framework method, a type of qualitative thematic analysis, and interpreted to find how African American women related to policies laid out by the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Results: Three key themes emerged from the women’s interviews: (a) An appreciation of long-term relationships with medical professionals is evident at the women’s center; (b) considerable lactation problems exist postpartum, including lack of help from Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative sources; and (c) mothers’ beliefs about infant autonomy may be at odds with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Conclusion: Hospitals with Baby-Friendly status should consider models of breastfeeding support that favor long-term healthcare relationships across the perinatal period and develop culturally sensitive approaches that support breastfeeding beliefs and behaviors found in the African American community.
Radiographic Shape of Foot With Second Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dislocation Associated With Hallux Valgus
Authors: Kokubo Tetsuro , Hashimoto Takeshi , Suda Yasunori , Waseda Akeo , Ikezawa Hiroko 
Published: September 2017

Background: Second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint dislocation is associated with hallux valgus, and the treatment of complete dislocation can be difficult. The purpose of this study was to radiographically clarify the characteristic foot shape in the presence of second MTP joint dislocation. Methods: Weight-bearing foot radiographs of the 268 patients (358 feet) with hallux valgus were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: those with second MTP joint dislocation (study group = 179 feet) and those without dislocation (control group = 179 feet). Parameters measured included the hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), second MTP joint angle, hallux interphalangeal angle (IPA), second metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD), metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), and the second metatarsal declination angle (2MDA). Furthermore, the dislocation group was divided into 3 subgroups according to second toe deviation direction: group M (medial type), group N (neutral type), and group L (lateral type). Results: The IPA and the 2MDA were significantly greater in the study group than in the control group. By multiple comparison analysis, the IMA was greatest in group M and smallest in group L. The IPA was smaller and 2MDA greater in group N than in group L. The HVA and MAA in group L were greatest, and MPD in group L was smallest. Conclusions: The patients with second MTP joint dislocation associated with hallux valgus had greater hallux interphalangeal joint varus and a second metatarsal more inclined than with hallux valgus alone. The second toe deviated in a different direction according to the foot shape. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Employees’ attitudes towards welfare technology in substance abuse treatment in Finland
Authors: Rantanen Teemu , Toikko Timo 
Published: September 2017

Aim: The significance of welfare and health technology has been highlighted in recent years. However, employees’ attitudes towards welfare technology in substance abuse treatment have received little attention. This article examines employees’ readiness to introduce welfare technology in substance abuse treatment and their attitudes towards its use. Design: The theoretical framework of this study is based on Ajzen’s (1991, 2001) theory of planned behaviour, and the ongoing discussion about the adoption of new technology in healthcare. The research data ( N = 129) were collected in the form of an electronic questionnaire in Finland in 2015. Results: The results are consistent with the theory of planned behaviour and previous studies on the acceptance of information systems in healthcare. Employees’ readiness to introduce new welfare technology applications and devices in substance abuse treatment is influenced by their personal appreciation of welfare technology, the expectations of their colleagues and supervisors, as well as their own perceptions of their capacity to learn to use the applications. Conclusions: The study found some links between demographic factors and cognitions related to welfare technology. In particular, employees with a healthcare background are more inclined to adopt the technology than other employees in substance abuse treatment. In addition, a person’s age has a negative relationship with their perceived technology management. However, age has no significant connection with attitudes and no direct independent effect on the readiness to introduce a new welfare technology. Lastly, the results show that previous positive experiences of welfare technology make it easier to introduce new technologies.
Drinking patterns at the sub-national level
Authors: Bloomfield Kim , Grittner Ulrike , Kraus Ludwig , Piontek Daniela 
Published: September 2017

Aim: A drinking pattern is not only a major drinking variable, but is also one indicator of a country’s drinking culture. In the present study, we examine drinking patterns within and across the neighbouring countries of Denmark and Germany. The aim of the research is to determine to what extent drinking patterns differ or are shared at the sub-national level in the two countries. Method: Data came from the German 2012 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Use ( n = 9084) 18–64 years (response rate 54%), and the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research’s 2011 Danish national survey ( n = 5133) 15–79 years (response rate 64%), which was reduced to a common age range, producing a final n = 4016. The drinking pattern variable included abstention, moderate drinking, heavy drinking, risky single occasion drinking (RSOD), and was investigated with bivariate statistics and gender-specific hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: For men three clusters emerged: one highlighting abstention and RSOD, moderate/heavy drinking, RSOD and RSOD + heavy drinking. For women, two clusters appeared: one highlighting abstention and moderate/heavy drinking and the other highlighting RSOD and RSDO + heavy drinking. The clusters revealed different geographical patterning: for men, a west vs. east divide; for women, a north–south gradient. Conclusions: The analysis could identify for each gender clusters representing both separate and shared drinking patterns as well as distinctive geographical placements. This new knowledge can contribute to a new understanding of the dynamics of drinking cultures and could indicate new approaches to prevention efforts and policy initiatives.
The Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Orpin Joy , Papadopoulos Chris , Puthussery Shuby 
Published: September 2017

Objective: To identify, appraise, and synthesize research evidence on the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among pregnant women in Nigeria. Method: We conducted a systematic review of all published studies between April 2004 and June 2016. Comprehensive searches were conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, and electronic libraries of the authors’ institution. Identified articles were screened in two stages against the inclusion criteria with titles and abstract screened first followed by full-text screening. Selected articles were assessed using the “guidelines for evaluating prevalence studies,” and findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Among 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria, two articles were excluded due to low methodological quality and 17 articles were included in the review. The prevalence of DV during pregnancy in Nigeria ranged between 2.3% and 44.6% with lifetime prevalence rates ranging between 33.1% and 63.2%. Physical, sexual, psychological, and verbal abuses were the most frequent types of DV reported in this review. The most common perpetrators were husbands, as reported in 11 of the 17 studies. Pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 30 years were the most common victims of DV. Conclusion: Our review suggests high prevalence of DV in pregnancy among women in Nigeria and higher lifetime prevalence. However, determining an overall, synthesized accurate prevalence rate of DV within this population based on existing evidence presents a challenge. The findings have important implications for stakeholders such as planners, policy makers, maternity care providers, and researchers in public health and social policy at national, regional, and international levels toward combating the issue.
La propuesta operacionalista de Carl Hempel en los albores del DSM
Authors: Cordero Cordero Pía 
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se examina el operacionalismo y su influencia en la versión número tres del Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, a partir de la conferencia del filósofo alemán Carl Hempel expuesta ante la American Psychopathological Association en 1959. Particularmente, desde el operacionalismo del físico norteamericano Percy W. Bridgman, que aboga por un reduccionismo semántico de los conceptos de la ciencia, Hempel esgrime su propuesta de descripción y sistematización conceptual para la taxonomía de las enfermedades mentales. Para finalizar, se mencionan algunas objeciones al operacionalismo fundamentadas en la crítica a la noción de observación desprovista de teoría.
Optimal Contract to Induce Continued Effort
Authors: Sun Peng , Tian Feng 
Published: September 2017

We consider a basic model of a risk-neutral principal incentivizing a risk-neutral agent to exert effort to raise the arrival rate of a Poisson process. The effort is costly to the agent, is unobservable to the principal, and affects the instantaneous arrival rate. Each arrival yields a constant revenue to the principal. The principal, therefore, devises a mechanism involving payments and a potential stopping time to motivate the agent to always exert effort. We formulate this problem as a stochastic optimal control model with an incentive constraint in continuous time over an infinite horizon. Although we allow payments to take general forms contingent on past arrival times, the optimal contract has a simple and intuitive structure, which depends on whether the agent is as patient as or less patient than the principal toward future income. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Bond Return Predictability: Economic Value and Links to the Macroeconomy
Authors: Gargano Antonio , Pettenuzzo Davide , Timmermann Allan 
Published: September 2017

Studies of bond return predictability find a puzzling disparity between strong statistical evidence of return predictability and the failure to convert return forecasts into economic gains. We show that resolving this puzzle requires accounting for important features of bond return models such as volatility dynamics and unspanned macro factors. A three-factor model comprising a forward spread, a weighted combination of forward rates, and a macro factor generates notable gains in out-of-sample forecast accuracy compared with a model based on the expectations hypothesis. Such gains in predictive accuracy translate into higher risk-adjusted portfolio returns after accounting for estimation error and model uncertainty. Consistent with models featuring unspanned macro factors, our forecasts of future bond excess returns are strongly negatively correlated with survey forecasts of short rates.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2829This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Painting and time: Fifteen points of view
Authors: Moonie Stephen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article offers a series of reflections upon the complex relationship of painting with time. The introduction sets out a trajectory from modernism to postmodernism. Painting’s physical immediacy was prized by modernists, but that immediacy was also subject to a logic of historical development: a disjuncture that was challenged by postmodern critics. As we move towards the contemporary period, understanding of our relationship with time has altered, according to various theorizations by David Harvey, Fredric Jameson and Paul Virilio. The introduction draws upon Nagel and Wood’s notion of ‘anachronism’ as means to consider painting’s relationship with time as non-linear; but it also proposes, as do the following contributions, that painting’s engagement with time is not merely theoretical, but is a matter of continual day-to-day practice.
Painting untimely
Authors: Phillipson Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In his essay ‘Painting and time’ (1979) John Berger offered a diagnosis of the fate of modern painting: under the rule of modern capitalism’s sense of time the tension between the timeless and the ephemeral that had defined the character and achievement of western painting has been lost. Producing nothing but ephemera, capitalism destroys the timeless leaving painting with nothing to paint. But here Berger sets aside his usual insistence on the defining particularity of art’s objects and opts for a different voice – that of the social analyst. I suggest that, in trying to construct a typifying generalizing conceptual knowledge, this voice misses the definitive difference of art’s things – their contextual uniqueness. In contrast I propose painting as challenging itself to confront the infinite calculability of the linear tenses of techno-capitalist work-time. Defined by its abjection in the face of measurement-without-end, it compounds all tenses, thus throwing out of joint our routine experience of time’s passage through fixed tenses. Painting’s driven ‘subject’ becomes not Berger’s ‘ephemera’ but the experience of ephemerality itself. Its unwavering commitment to analogic-becoming marks its defining otherness to all digital coding.
Stains against violence: Nalini Malani’s strategies for durational looking
Authors: Bal Mieke 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article maps six strategies that Indian narrative painter Nalini Malani uses to slow down the viewing. This is the basis of the political force of her work. She relentlessly indicts political abuse, primarily violence, and uses a variety of painterly techniques to reinforce that indictment. By means of a close reading of a few paintings and a discussion of the different techniques, allusions and connections that she deploys, this article seeks to establish how painting, including abstract painting, and its techniques can be mobilized for relevance in the social-political domain.
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Mylonakis Mathios E. , Theodorou Konstantina N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tick-borne disease of worldwide distribution. The major causative agent is Ehrlichia canis, a gram-negative, obligate intracellular, pleomorphic bacterium of the genus Ehrlichia, which infects monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, forming intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound bacterial aggregates, called morulae. After an incubation period of 8-20 days, the course of E. canis infection, can be sequentially divided into acute, subclinical and chronic phases, although these phases can hardly be distinguished in the clinical setting. Clinical recovery is the typical outcome of acutely infected dogs, entering the subclinical phase, during which they show no or minimal clinical signs and/or mild hematological abnormalities. Immunocompetent dogs may eliminate the infection during the acute or subclinical phases, but an unpredictable proportion of dogs will eventually develop the chronic phase, characterized by aplastic pancytopenia and high mortality, due to septicemia and/or severe bleeding. This article outlines briefly the pathogenesis of CME due to E. canis, and more thoroughly reviews the recent scientific literature pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (Cart) Expression in the Pterygopalatine Ganglion of the Pig
Authors: Zacharko-Siembida Anna , Matysek Małgorzata , Szalak Radosław , Arciszewski Marcin B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Although, a great effort has been made to understand the synthesis, regulation, processing and function of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide at the central level, its peripheral function(s) are still obscure. Moreover, scarce studies describing the presence of CART in peripheral autonomic ganglia are mainly limited to laboratory rodents. Thus, the aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of CART in Hu C/D-positive neurons of the porcine pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG). The distribution pattern of CART-IR nerve elements in PPG has been also assessed. The co-localization of CART with substance P (SP), galanin or somatostatin was studied by means of double immunohistochemical stainings. The presence of Hu C/D-positive/CART-positive neurons was detected both in the left and right PPG (4.7±1.2% and 5.2% ± 1.4%, respectively). The CARTimmunoreactive (IR) neurons were categorized as either middle (ca. 80%) or small (ca. 20%) in size. Moderate numbers of CART-IR boutons were also detected between CART-negative ganglionic neurons. CART-IR basket-like formations around PPG neurons were regularly observed. Virtually all CART-IR neurons additionally co-stored VIP, whereas none of the CART-expressing cells showed the presence of galanin, SP or somatostatin. CART-IR basket-like formations exclusively encircled VIP-IR PPG neurons. Thus, CART-IR nerve cells seem to constitute a relatively small homologous population of the porcine PPG neurons with largely unknown functions. Further functional studies aiming at whether CART-IR neurons could serve as interneurons are necessary.
Effects of Losartan, Tempol, and Their Combination On Renal Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Animal Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Karanovic Danijela , Grujic-Milanovic Jelica , Miloradovic Zoran , Ivanov Milan , Jovovic Djurdjica , Vajic Una-Jovana , Cirovic Sanja , Markovic-Lipkovski Jasmina , Mihailovic-Stanojevic Nevena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDown-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NO deficiency in the kidneys have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study we examined the effects of losartan, tempol, and combined treatment on three NOS isoforms expressions, kidney NO content and NOS correlation with renal function and structure in the early stage of adriamycin (ADR)-induced CKD in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rats were divided into control group, and four other groups which were treated with ADR and received vehicle, losartan (L, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker), tempol (T, redox-cycling nitroxide) or T+L treatment (by gavage) in a six-week study. Reduction of all NOS isoforms expressions were significantly improved by losartan or tempol, and correlated with proteinuria amelioration. Combined treatment induced down-regulation of constitutive NOS isoforms, whilst inducible NOS was up-regulated and followed by increased nitrite content and a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate. Losartan or tempol prevented ADR-induced neoexpression of vimentin in the glomeruli and tubulointerstital areas, whereas de novo vimentin expression was still observed in the atrophic tubules and in the interstitial fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in combined treatment. It can be concluded that single treatments, contrary to combined, were effective in improving NO bioavailability and slowing down the progression of CKD.
On the Advantages of Minority Condition in the Romanian-Hungarian Cultural and Literary Relations
Authors: Trifescu Valentin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This study analyses the way in which cultural and literary Romanian-Hungarian relations have evolved since World War I in the context of the rapport between majority and minority. Our aim is to analyze, from an interdisciplinary and diachronic perspective, the implications related to culture and identity of the process studied. We raise the problem of bilingualism and its manifestation at the level of bilateral cultural relations, in general, and literary criticism, in particular.