bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quest for Mononuclear Gold(II) and Its Potential Role in Photocatalysis and Drug Action
Authors: Heinze Katja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe chemistry of gold strongly focuses on the ubiquitous oxidation states +I and +III. The intermediate oxidation state +II is generally avoided in mononuclear gold species. In recent years, gold(II) has been increasingly suggested as a key intermediate in artificial photosynthesis systems, with gold(III) moieties acting as electron acceptors, as well as in gold‐catalyzed photoredox catalysis and radical chemistry. This Minireview provides a concise summary of confirmed and characterized mononuclear open‐shell gold(II) complexes. Recent findings on structural motifs and reactivity patterns will be discussed. Exciting developments in the fields of photosynthesis, photocatalysis, and potential roles in medicinal chemistry will be outlined.
Forest‐based resources as fillers in biobased polyurethane foams
Authors: de Avila Delucis Rafael , Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Amico Sandro Campos 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSix fillers from forestry wastes (wood, bark, cones and needles from young pine trees, kraft lignin, and recycled paper sludge from industry wastes) were incorporated into polyurethane (PU)‐based foams prepared via free‐rise pouring method. Variable filler contents (1, 5, and 10 wt %) and NCO/OH ratios (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2) were investigated. A simple mixture (1:3) of castor oil and crude glycerin (byproduct from biodiesel production) was used as biobased polyol. The foam composites were investigated through spectroscopy, morphological, mechanical, and hygroscopic analyses. The addition of fillers decreased water uptake and yielded rigid PU systems with more homogenous cell structure. The 1% and 5% reinforcement wood were the most effective among the studied compositions, with better mechanical and hygroscopic performance, probably due the higher compatibility of the wood with the PU system, which promote urethanic bonds between filler and isocyanate, as indicated by wet chemical results and micrographs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45684.
Evaluation of oilfield‐produced water treated with a prepared magnetic inorganic polymer: Poly(silicate aluminum)/magnetite
Authors: Cai Dan , Zhang Tailiang , Zhang Fangjie 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, novel coagulant poly(silicate aluminum)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PFeNPs) were prepared via magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) modified by poly(silicate aluminum) (PSA). The physiochemical properties of the PFeNPs were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ζ‐potential metric analysis. The effect of the aging time on the Al distribution of the PFeNPs was analyzed by the Al‐Ferron timed complex colorimetric method. Oilfield‐produced water was used for the assessment of the coagulation performances. The fractal dimensions, formation, breakage, and regrowth of the flocs were studied in turn. The experimental results show that the PFeNPs exhibited a porous layer of a net structure, and the PSA grafted onto the PFeNPs via SiOFe enhanced the positive charge of the FeNPs. Meanwhile, the coagulation performance of the PFeNPs on total organic carbon, the turbidity, and the calcium removal were beyond 98%. In addition, the moisture content of the flocs derived from the PFeNPs was 68.7% (it is normally > 98%). We found that the compactness of the flocs derived from the PFeNPs was far greater than those of PSA. This will provide new sight into the preparation of magnetic single‐phase inorganic polymer coagulants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45735.
Fachwerkträger aus Buchenfurnierschichtholz
Authors: Meyer Nico , Blaß Hans Joachim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird die Verwendungsmöglichkeit axial beanspruchter Verbindungsmittel in Fachwerkträgern aus Buchenfurnierschichtholz mithilfe experimenteller Untersuchungen genauer betrachtet. Die zur Bemessung benötigten Festigkeits‐ und Steifigkeitskennwerte und die notwendigen konstruktiven Randbedingungen (Mindestabstände, Einbindelänge) werden ermittelt, diskutiert und mit dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik verglichen. Zur Verifizierung der ermittelten Parameter sowie des Tragverhaltens der untersuchten Verbindungsmittel in Gesamttragsystemen werden im Anschluss Versuche an Fachwerkträgern (Spannweite 10 m, statische Höhe 1,25 m) mit unterschiedlichen Knotenpunktausbildungen vorgestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk wird, neben der Tragfähigkeit, auf die Steifigkeit der geprüften Träger gelegt und somit die Leistungsfähigkeit der vorgestellten Verbindungsmittel herausgearbeitet.
Improved performance of Pseudomonas putida in a bioelectrochemical system through overexpression of periplasmic glucose dehydrogenase
Authors: Yu Shiqin , Lai Bin , Plan Manuel R. , Hodson Mark P. , Lestari Endah A. , Song Hao , Krömer Jens O. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt was recently demonstrated that a bioelectrochemical system (BES) with a redox mediator allowed Pseudomonas putida to perform anoxic metabolism, converting sugar to sugar acids with high yield. However, the low productivity currently limits the application of this technology. To improve productivity, the strain was optimized through improved expression of glucose dehydrogenase (GCD) and gluconate dehydrogenase (GAD). In addition, quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis revealed the intrinsic self‐regulation of GCD and GAD. Utilizing this self‐regulation system, the single overexpression strain (GCD) gave an outstanding performance in the electron transfer rate and 2‐ketogluconic acid (2KGA) productivity. The peak anodic current density, specific glucose uptake rate and 2KGA producing rate were 0.12 mA/cm2, 0.27 ± 0.02 mmol/gCDW/hr and 0.25 ± 0.02 mmol/gCDW/hr, which were 327%, 477%, and 644% of the values of wild‐type P. putida KT2440, respectively. This work demonstrates that expression of periplasmic dehydrogenases involved in electron transfer can significantly improve productivity in the BES.
One pot synthesis of GDP‐mannose by a multi‐enzyme cascade for enzymatic assembly of lipid‐linked oligosaccharides
Authors: Rexer Thomas F.T. , Schildbach Anna , Klapproth Jan , Schierhorn Angelika , Mahour Reza , Pietzsch Markus , Rapp Erdmann , Reichl Udo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGlycosylation of proteins is a key function of the biosynthetic‐secretory pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Glycosylated proteins play a crucial role in cell trafficking and signaling, cell‐cell adhesion, blood‐group antigenicity, and immune response. In addition, the glycosylation of proteins is an important parameter in the optimization of many glycoprotein‐based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. In vitro glycoengineering of proteins requires glycosyltransferases as well as expensive nucleotide sugars. Here, we present a designed pathway consisting of five enzymes, glucokinase (Glk), phosphomannomutase (ManB), mannose‐1‐phosphate‐guanyltransferase (ManC), inorganic pyrophosphatase (PmPpA), and 1‐domain polyphosphate kinase 2 (1D‐Ppk2) expressed in E. coli for the cell‐free production and regeneration of GDP‐mannose from mannose and polyphosphate with catalytic amounts of GDP and ADP. It was shown that GDP‐mannose is produced at various conditions, that is pH 7–8, temperature 25–35°C and co‐factor concentrations of 5–20 mM MgCl2. The maximum reaction rate of GDP‐mannose achieved was 2.7 μM/min at 30°C and 10 mM MgCl2 producing 566 nmol GDP‐mannose after a reaction time of 240 min. With respect to the initial GDP concentration (0.8 mM) this is equivalent to a yield of 71%. Additionally, the cascade was coupled to purified, transmembrane‐deleted Alg1 (ALG1ΔTM), the first mannosyltransferase in the ER‐associated lipid‐linked oligosaccharide (LLO) assembly. Thereby, in a one‐pot reaction, phytanyl‐PP‐(GlcNAc)2‐Man1 was produced with efficient nucleotide sugar regeneration for the first time. Phytanyl‐PP‐(GlcNAc)2‐Man1 can serve as a substrate for the synthesis of LLO for the cell‐free in vitro glycosylation of proteins. A high‐performance anion exchange chromatography method with UV and conductivity detection (HPAEC‐UV/CD) assay was optimized and validated to determine the enzyme kinetics. The established kinetic model enabled the optimization of the GDP‐mannose regenerating cascade and can further be used to study coupling of the GDP‐mannose cascade with glycosyltransferases. Overall, the study envisages a first step towards the development of a platform for the cell‐free production of LLOs as precursors for in vitro glycoengineering of proteins.
Dynamic residual pattern of azoxystrobin in Swiss chard with contribution to safety evaluation
Authors: Farha Waziha , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Kabir Md. Humayun , Chung Hyung Suk , Lee Han Sol , Jeon Jong‐Sup , Wang Jing , Chang Byung‐Joon , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study aimed at quantifying the residual amount of azoxystrobin in Swiss chard samples grown under greenhouse conditions at two different locations (Gwangju and Naju, Republic of Korea). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, separated by salting out, and subjected to purification by using solid‐phase extraction. The analyte was identified using liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection. The linearity of the calibration range was excellent with coefficient of determination 1.00. Recovery at three different spiking levels (0.1, 0.5, and 4 mg/kg) ranged between 82.89 and 109.46% with relative standard deviation <3. The limit of quantification, 0.01 mg/kg, was considerably much lower than the maximum residue limit (50 mg/kg) set by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The developed methodology was successfully used for field‐treated leaves, which were collected randomly at 0–14 days following azoxystrobin application. The rate of disappearance in/on Swiss chard was ascribed to first‐order kinetics with a half‐life of 8 and 5 days, in leaves grown in Gwangju and Naju greenhouses, respectively. Risk assessments revealed that the acceptable daily intake percentage is substantially below the risk level of consumption at day 0 (in both areas), thus encouraging its safe consumption.
Material basis studies of anti‐Influenza A active ingredients in Tanreqing Injection
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Chen Mingcang , Shi Xunlong , Shi Chenchen , Huang Chenggang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTanreqing Injection (TRQ) has been used primarily in treating infections of the upper respiratory tract and serious influenza in China, as a classical compound herbal recipe. TRQ had been demonstrated to have effects of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, detoxification, reducing inflammation and alleviating cough. The survival rate, histopathology of lungs and viral titers in mice were evaluated in this study to verify the curative effect of TRQ. However, there is not enough information about the components. In the present study, a high‐performance and practical LC/QTOF/MS method was developed for characterization and identification of the natural ingredients in TRQ. A total of 60 compounds, including 10 amino acids, 10 iridoid glucosides, 14 flavonoids, 13 other phenolic compounds, 10 steroid acids and three other compounds, were characterized and identified. We also confirmed the material basis of anti‐Influenza A active ingredients in TRQ. Therefore, we have developed an accurate analytical method. LC/QTOF/MS could be applied for identification the complex components in traditional Chinese medicine.
Simple determination of betaine, l‐carnitine and choline in human urine using self‐packed column and column‐switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection
Authors: Wei Dan , Zhu Yan , Guo Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA sequential online extraction, clean‐up and separation system for the determination of betaine, l‐carnitine and choline in human urine using column‐switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection was developed in this work. A self‐packed pretreatment column (50 × 4.6 mm, i.d.) was used for the extraction and clean‐up of betaine, l‐carnitine and choline. The separation was achieved using self‐packed cationic exchange column (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d.), followed by nonsuppressed conductivity detection. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed method presented good analytical performance, with excellent linearity in the range of 0.60–100 μg mL−1 for betaine, 0.75–100 μg mL−1 for l‐carnitine and 0.50–100 μg mL−1 for choline, with all correlation coefficients (R2) >0.99 in urine. The limits of detection were 0.15 μg mL−1 for betaine, 0.20 μg mL−1 for l‐carnitine and 0.09 μg mL−1 for choline. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision for all quality controls were within ±10.32 and ±9.05%, respectively. Satisfactory recovery was observed between 92.8 and 102.0%. The validated method was successfully applied to the detection of urinary samples from 10 healthy people. The values detected in human urine using the proposed method showed good agreement with the measurement reported previously.
Rare behavior of follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Helmi Hadeel , Idrees Hend , Alshehri Ameen , Alsaif Abdulaziz 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageFollicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer typically favors nodal spread. We report a case with hematogenous spread including multi‐organ involvement and describe our staged management approach. This is the first case to report follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer with simultaneous adrenal and renal involvement.
Orbital pseudotumor as a result of chronic sinusitis in an HIV‐positive patient
Authors: Gore Mitchell R. 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageOrbital inflammatory pseudotumor is an infrequent lesion that may mimic malignancy and may be associated with autoimmune disease. Orbital pseudotumor is in the differential in any patient with an orbital mass, especially in the setting of chronic infection or immunosuppression. This HIV‐positive patient presented with chronic sinusitis and orbital pseudotumor.
A Reduced Graphene Oxide/Disodium Terephthalate Hybrid as a High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Tengfei , Lv Wei , Zhang Si‐Wei , Zhang Jun , Lin Qiaowei , Chen Xiangrong , He Yanbing , Kang Fei‐Yu , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage systems, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are experiencing a rapid development. Organic conjugated carboxylic acid anodes not only have tailorable electrochemical properties but also are easily accessible. However, the low stability and electrical conductivity hamper their practical applications. In this study, disodium terephthalate (Na2TP), the most favorable organic conjugated carboxylic acid anode material for SIBs, was proposed to integrate with graphene oxide (GO) by an anti‐solvent precipitation process, which ensures the uniform and tight coating of GO on the Na2TP surface. GO is electrochemically reduced during the first several cycles of the electrochemical measurement, which buffers the volume change and improves the electrical conductivity of Na2TP, resulting in a better cyclic and rate performance. The incorporation of only 5 wt % GO onto Na2TP leads to a reversible capability of 235 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current rate of 0.1 C, which is the best among the state of the art organic anodes for SIBs. The one‐step synthesis together with the low costs of the raw materials show a promise for the scalable preparation of anode materials for practical SIBs.
Update of Antitubercular Prodrugs from a Molecular Perspective: Mechanisms of Action, Bioactivation Pathways, and Associated Resistance
Authors: Laborde Julie , Deraeve Céline , Bernardes‐Génisson Vania 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe place of prodrugs in the current antitubercular therapeutic arsenal is preponderant, since two of the four first‐line antitubercular agents, isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), need to be activated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis before exerting their activity. In addition, six other prodrugs can be found in the second‐ and third‐line therapeutic regimens. The emergence of mycobacterial strains resistant to one or several antitubercular agents is one of the main issues of the antitubercular therapy. In the case of prodrugs, the resistance phenomenon is often related to a mutation in the gene encoding for the activation enzymes, resulting thus in a default of these enzymes that are no more able to activate prodrugs. Consequently, identification of the prodrugs targets and a better understanding of their modes of action and also of their activation mechanisms are of crucial importance. Related to their molecular mechanism of activation, these prodrugs may thus be classified in four categories: activation via oxidation (catalase–peroxidase (KatG) or flavin monooxygenase (EthA) enzymes), condensation (FolP1 and FolC), hydrolysis (by the amidase PncA) and reduction (by the nitroreductase DnD) mechanisms. For each prodrug, these mechanisms are described in details, as well as the mechanism of action of its active metabolite. Finally, the reported resistance related to these mechanisms of activation/action are also addressed in a molecular perspective.
Synthesis of the Phosphoramidite Units for Benzene‐Glycol Nucleic Acid
Authors: Maeda Yusuke , Niwa Nazuki , Ueno Yoshihito 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBenzene‐glycol nucleic acid‐DNA chimeras form thermally and thermodynamically stable duplexes with complementary RNAs, and have base‐discriminating abilities. This unit describes the synthesis of four nucleoside analogs, an adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine analogs with base‐benzene‐glycol structure. The synthesis starts with conversion of (S)‐mandelic acid in arylboronic acid derivative, common intermediate. Nucleobase coupling of the intermediate and phosphitylation afford to phosphoroamidite units. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Catalyst Stability Benchmarking for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: The Importance of Backing Electrode Material and Dissolution in Accelerated Aging Studies
Authors: Geiger Simon , Kasian Olga , Mingers Andrea M. , Nicley Shannon S. , Haenen Ken , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn searching for alternative oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for acidic water splitting, fast screening of the material intrinsic activity and stability in half‐cell tests is of vital importance. The screening process significantly accelerates the discovery of new promising materials without the need of time‐consuming real‐cell analysis. In commonly employed tests, a conclusion on the catalyst stability is drawn solely on the basis of electrochemical data, for example, by evaluating potential‐versus‐time profiles. Herein important limitations of such approaches, which are related to the degradation of the backing electrode material, are demonstrated. State‐of‐the‐art Ir‐black powder is investigated for OER activity and for dissolution as a function of the backing electrode material. Even at very short time intervals materials like glassy carbon passivate, increasing the contact resistance and concealing the degradation phenomena of the electrocatalyst itself. Alternative backing electrodes like gold and boron‐doped diamond show better stability and are thus recommended for short accelerated aging investigations. Moreover, parallel quantification of dissolution products in the electrolyte is shown to be of great importance for comparing OER catalyst feasibility.
Anion‐Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel‐Cell Applications: The Effects of Cations
Authors: Sun Zhe , Lin Bencai , Yan Feng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlkaline anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are attracting much attention because of their potential use of nonprecious electrocatalysts. The anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) is one of the key components of AEMFCs. An ideal AEM should possess high hydroxide conductivity and sufficient long‐term durability at elevated temperatures in high‐pH solutions. Herein, recent progress in research into the alkaline stability behavior of cations (including quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, guanidinium, pyridinium, tertiary sulfonium, phosphonium, benzimidazolium, and pyrrolidinium) and their analogous AEMs, which have been investigated by both experimental studies and theoretical calculations, is reviewed. Effects, including conjugation, steric hindrance e, σ–π hyperconjugation, and electrons, on the alkaline stability of cations and their analogous AEMs have been discussed. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of some key factors for the future design of novel cations and their analogous AEMs with high alkaline stability.
Coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with noninsulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Yushu , Wen Meiqin , Zhou Junteng , Chen Yucheng , Zhang Qing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes and prognosis of revascularization by either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with noninsulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (NITDM) have not yet been well established.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library from inception until May 2016. Heterogeneity was evaluated, and the pooled hazard ratio (HR) was calculated by using a fixed‐effect model. A random‐effect model was used when statistically significant heterogeneity was observed (I2 ≥ 50%). All data analyses were carried out by using RevMan 5.3 and STATA software 12.0.ResultsA total of 4 RCTs involving 5 studies, consisting of 2270 patients with noninsulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus, were identified. Compared with CABG‐treated patients, PCI‐treated patients had significantly higher all‐cause mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.91; P = .04), myocardial infarction (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.40 to 3.27; P = .0004), repeated revascularization (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.77 to 3.57; P < .00001), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.20‐1.87; P = .0004). However, PCI was associated with lower incidence of stoke (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.90; P = .02).ConclusionsIn NITDM patients, our study suggests that CABG surgery is associated with reduced risk of mortality and morbidity, although with increased incidence of stroke compared with percutaneous coronary intervention. The decision if to have percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG surgery should factor the risk for stroke of the patients when considering CABG over percutaneous coronary intervention. Adequately powered RCTs are needed to confirm the results of this meta‐analysis.