bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain avoidance predicts disability and depressive symptoms three years later in individuals with whiplash complaints
Authors: Zetterqvist V. , Holmström L. , Maathz P. , Wicksell R. K. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundLongstanding symptoms due to whiplash are commonly associated with decreased levels of emotional and physical functioning. To date, there is strong empirical support for the relationship between psychological in/flexibility and pain‐related functioning, but the predictive role for future health is largely unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate if psychological in/flexibility (i.e. avoidance and cognitive fusion) predicted pain disability and depressive symptoms 3 years later in individuals with whiplash complaints.MethodsData were collected at baseline and at a 3 year follow‐up from 368 members of a national patient organization for people with whiplash‐associated disorder. In a series of hierarchical regression analyses, background variables, pain related variables, psychological distress and psychological inflexibility at baseline were evaluated as predictors of levels of pain disability and depressive symptoms at follow‐up.ResultsResults showed that psychological inflexibility, and more specifically avoidance, was a unique predictor of pain disability and depressive symptoms, also when controlling for background variables, pain related variables and psychological distress. Level of education was also found to predict both pain disability and symptoms of depression. Lastly, pain variability predicted pain disability, and anxiety predicted depressive symptoms.ConclusionPain avoidance significantly predicted pain disability and depressive symptoms 3 years later. Although tentative, results warrant more studies to further explore the importance of pain avoidance for future health.
In vivo structural imaging in rats reveals neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral sub‐dimensions of cocaine addiction
Authors: Cannella Nazzareno , Cosa‐Linan Alejandro , Büchler Elena , Falfan‐Melgoza Claudia , Weber‐Fahr Wolfgang , Spanagel Rainer 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCocaine addiction is a multi‐dimensional behavioral disorder characterized by a loss of control over cocaine taking despite of detrimental consequences. Structural MRI studies have revealed association between cocaine consumption and gray matter volume (GMV) in cocaine‐addicted patients. However, the behavioral correlates of GMV in cocaine addiction are poorly understood. Here, we used a DSM‐IV‐based rat model of cocaine addiction with high face validity for structural imaging. According to three behavioral sub‐dimensions of addiction, rats were separated into two groups showing either addict‐like or non‐addict‐like behavior. These behavioral sub‐dimensions were (1) the inability to refrain from drug‐seeking and taking, (2) high motivation for the drug, and (3) maintained drug use despite negative consequences. In these rats, we performed structural MRI with voxel‐based morphometry and analyzed the interaction of GMV with behavioral sub‐dimensions in cocaine‐addicted rats. Our major findings are that GMV differentially correlate with the inability to refrain from drug‐seeking and taking in addict‐like and non‐addict‐like rats within the somatosensory cortices and the amygdala. High motivation for the drug differentially correlates with GMV in addict‐like and non‐addict‐like rats within the medial prefrontal cortex, and maintained drug use despite negative consequences differentially correlates with GMV in these two groups of rats within the periaqueductal gray. Our results demonstrate that the behavioral differences characterizing addict‐like and non‐addict‐like rats in each behavioral sub‐dimension of addiction are reflected by divergent covariance with GMV. We conclude that structural imaging provides specific neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral sub‐dimensions of addiction.
Birds in the matrix: the role of agriculture in avian conservation in the Taita Hills, Kenya
Authors: Norfolk Olivia , Jung Martin , Platts Philip J. , Malaki Phillista , Odeny Dickens , Marchant Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAgricultural conversion of tropical forests is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Slowing rates of deforestation is a conservation priority, but it is also useful to consider how species diversity is retained across the agricultural matrix. Here, we assess how bird diversity varies in relation to land use in the Taita Hills, Kenya. We used point counts to survey birds along a land‐use gradient that included primary forest, secondary vegetation, agroforest, timber plantation and cropland. We found that the agricultural matrix supports an abundant and diverse bird community with high levels of species turnover, but that forest specialists are confined predominantly to primary forest, with the matrix dominated by forest visitors. Ordination analyses showed that representation of forest specialists decreases with distance from primary forest. With the exception of forest generalists, bird abundance and diversity are lowest in timber plantations. Contrary to expectation, we found feeding guilds at similar abundances in all land‐use types. We conclude that whilst the agricultural matrix, and agroforest in particular, makes a strong contribution to observed bird diversity at the landscape scale, intact primary forest is essential for maintaining this diversity, especially amongst species of conservation concern.
Parents' presence and parent–infant closeness in 11 neonatal intensive care units in six European countries vary between and within the countries
Authors: Raiskila Simo , Axelin Anna , Toome Liis , Caballero Sylvia , Tandberg Bente Silnes , Montirosso Rosario , Normann Erik , Hallberg Boubou , Westrup Björn , Ewald Uwe , Lehtonen Liisa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimLittle is known about the amount of physical parent–infant closeness in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and this study explored that issue in six European countries.MethodsThe parents of 328 preterm infants were recruited in 11 NICUs in Finland, Estonia, Sweden, Norway, Italy and Spain. They filled in daily diaries about how much time they spent in the NICU, in skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) and holding their babies in the first two weeks of their hospitalisation.ResultsThe parents' NICU presence varied from a median of 3.3 (minimum 0.7–maximum 6.7) to 22.3 (18.7–24.0) hours per day (p < 0.001), SSC varied from 0.3 (0–1.4) to 6.6 (2.2–19.5) hours per day (p < 0.001) and holding varied from 0 (0–1.5) to 3.2 (0–7.4) hours per day (p < 0.001). Longer SSC was associated with singleton babies and more highly educated mothers. Holding the baby for longer was associated with gestational age. The most important factor supporting parent–infant closeness was the opportunity to stay overnight in the NICU. Having other children and the distance from home to the hospital had no impact on parent–infant closeness.ConclusionParents spent more time in NICUs if they could stay overnight, underlining the importance that these facilities play in establishing parent–infant closeness.
Sapropterin treatment does not enhance the health‐related quality of life of patients with phenylketonuria and their parents
Authors: Feldmann Reinhold , Wolfgart Eva , Weglage Josef , Rutsch Frank 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimSapropterin causes reductions in blood phenylalanine concentrations in sensitive patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). We examined whether the subsequent relaxation of dietary restrictions influenced the quality of life (QoL) of patients and parents.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 112 patients with PKU followed at the metabolic centre at Münster University Children's Hospital, Germany, from 2012 to 2015. A sapropterin response was defined as a ≥30% reduction in blood phenylalanine levels. The QoL of 38 children and adolescents from the study cohort, with a mean age of 12.4 (range 6.6–18.7) years, was assessed in an outpatient setting and 49 parents of children with PKU also commented on their child's QoL and their own. The participants’ QoL was assessed before the start of therapy, and again after six months, using self‐report questionnaires.ResultsAfter six months of continuous therapy or diet, QoL was largely unchanged in the patients, according to their self‐reports and the parental reports. QoL also remained unchanged in the parents.ConclusionSapropterin did not seem to improve QoL in PKU patients and their parents. Patients with PKU had already reached high levels of QoL following classic diets, and these levels were not easily improved by sapropterin.
Vascular invasion is an adverse prognostic factor in resected non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Ramnefjell Maria , Aamelfot Christina , Helgeland Lars , Akslen Lars A. 
Published: February 2017

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death, and there is a need for better prognostic factors in treatment decisions. Vascular invasion is a known negative prognosticator, but it is not clear how to evaluate this feature. Here, we studied the prevalence and prognostic impact of blood and lymphatic vascular invasion (BVI, LVI), tumour grade, necrosis, inflammation and pleural invasion on cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) and time to recurrence (TTR) in non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 438 patients surgically treated for NSCLC (1993–2010) were examined, including 213 adenocarcinomas (AC), 135 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 90 other NSCLC. BVI and LVI were found in 25% and 21% of the cases, with reduced LCSS and TTR for both markers in AC and SCC (p < 0.005 for all). BVI and LVI remained independent prognostic factors for LCSS and TTR in separate multivariate models for AC and SCC. Combined BVI/LVI (7%) showed significantly reduced LCSS and TTR (p < 0.001), also by multivariate analysis. Our results support that BVI and LVI are valuable for prognostic staging. Vascular invasion identifies a group of patients at higher risk of recurrence and lung cancer–related death, and this could influence stratification of patients for treatment and follow‐up.
Educators' experiences of managing students with ADHD: a qualitative study
Authors: Moore D. A. , Russell A. E. , Arnell S. , Ford T. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder are associated with difficulty coping with the social, behavioural and academic components of school. Compared with medication and other non‐pharmacological treatment, there is less evidence relating to school‐based interventions to support children with ADHD. There is additionally an absence of any research focused on the experiences and practices of educators in the UK around how they work with children who are inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive.MethodsForty‐two educational practitioners from primary, secondary and alternate provision schools in the UK participated in focus groups or individual interviews that explored (1) their experiences of managing students with ADHD in the classroom and (2) factors that helped and hindered them in this endeavour. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis identified six themes: broad strategies, student‐centred, inclusive strategies, labelling, medication and relationships. Participants' experiences of managing students with ADHD drew upon a wide range of strategies that typically involved responding to individual needs in an inclusive manner, so individuals with ADHD could access the classroom with their peers. Participants spoke about three factors that helped and hindered managing students with ADHD. Labelling of students with ADHD was reported, with the negative aspects of labelling, such as stigmatization, affecting the classroom. Educators reported mixed experiences regarding the helpfulness of medication; where helpful, it allowed the use of strategies in the classroom. Although students with ADHD were described as having rollercoaster relationships, positive relationships were considered key to the support of children with these difficulties.ConclusionsThis study suggests that factors such as attitudes towards ADHD, relationships experienced by students with ADHD and other treatments being delivered need to be carefully considered before strategies are put in place in the classroom. This study supports the need for further work on the implementation of evidence‐based school interventions for ADHD.
Contact sensitization in patients with suspected textile allergy. Data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) 2007–2014
Authors: Heratizadeh Annice , Geier Johannes , Molin Sonja , Werfel Thomas 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundTextile dyes, rubber, elements or textile resins carry the risk of inducing allergic contact sensitization.ObjectivesTo assess clinical data and patch test results for dermatitis patients with suspected textile allergy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of Information Network of Departments of Dermatology data of the years 2007–2014 of patients patch tested because of suspected textile allergy was performed.ResultsPatients of the study group (n = 3207) suffered more frequently from leg, trunk and generalized dermatitis than patients of the control group (n = 95210). Among the allergens of the textile dye series, the highest frequency of positive reactions was observed for p‐aminoazobenzene (5.1%) and p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) (4.5%), followed by Disperse Orange 3 (3.1%), Disperse Blue 124 (2.3%), Disperse Blue 106 (2.0%), Disperse Red 17 (1.1%), and Disperse Yellow 3 (1.1%), partly with concomitant reactions. Patch testing with the patients' own textiles was performed in 315 patients, with positive reactions in 18 patients. These were mostly elicited by blue or black textiles with tight skin contact. Only 2 of these patients also reacted to textile dyes from the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group series.ConclusionsFor the comprehensive diagnosis of contact sensitization in patients with suspected textile dermatitis, combined patch testing is indicated, with (i) PPD and a textile dye series and (ii) patients' own clothing.
Why institutional environments for agroforestry seed systems matter
Authors: Lillesø J.P.B. , Harwood C. , Derero Abayneh , Graudal L. , Roshetko J. M. , Kindt R. , Moestrup S. , Omondi W. O. , Holtne N. , Mbora A. , van Breugel P. , Dawson I. K. , Jamnadass R. , Egelyng H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRethinking the logic of institutional environments aiming to facilitate agroforestry smallholders in economic development, this article compares smallholder input supply systems for crop and tree seeds in sub‐Saharan Africa and reflects on two basic challenges: (1) how to develop a large number of relevant tree crops for different agroecologies, (2) how to reach smallholders in rural areas. Policy options for improving agroforestry input supply systems are discussed, whereby our article concludes with suggestions how sectoral approaches for crop seed systems can be modified to agroforestry seed‐seedling systems. Biophysical differences have practical implications for how the logic of the ‘African green revolution’ would be translated into a corresponding revolution for agroforestry.
Pulp prognosis following conservative pulp treatment in teeth with complicated crown fractures—A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Guiyan , Wang Chao , Qin Man 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground/AimComplicated crown fractures are relatively common in children where the maintenance of the pulp is especially important in young permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to analyze the pulp prognosis of permanent teeth with complicated crown fractures treated with conservative pulp treatment in adolescents.Material and MethodsComplete dental records of teeth with complicated crown fractures treated with conservative pulp treatment were obtained. The risk of pulp necrosis and infection was evaluated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression (P<.05). Risk factors included gender, age, time interval between dental injury and treatment, stage of root development, type of pulp treatment, and coronal restoration.ResultsThe study involved 375 teeth treated with direct pulp capping, partial or coronal pulpotomy, and direct pulp capping retreated by pulpotomy (partial or coronal). The frequency of pulp necrosis and infection was 10.1% (11/109) for partial pulpotomy and 9.8% (22/205) for coronal pulpotomy. There was no difference between partial and coronal pulpotomy (P=.673). The risk of pulp necrosis and infection was not significantly different between pulpotomy (partial and coronal; 33/314, 10.5%) and retreatment by pulpotomy (partial or coronal) after direct pulp capping (2/33, 6.1%; P=.436). However, the frequency of pulp necrosis and infection after direct pulp capping (16/28, 57.1%) was significantly higher than that with pulpotomy (partial or coronal; odds ratio=8.216, P<.001). The time interval between dental injury and treatment did not significantly influence pulp survival after pulpotomy (partial or coronal; P=.312), but the stage of root development had a significant impact (P<.001).ConclusionsPartial or coronal pulpotomy, employed either as a primary pulp treatment or secondary to emergency pulp capping, had similarly satisfactory pulp survival rates.
Physiological condition and migratory experience affect fitness‐related outcomes in adult female sockeye salmon
Authors: Minke‐Martin Vanessa , Hinch Scott G. , Braun Douglas C. , Burnett Nicholas J. , Casselman Matthew T. , Eliason Erika J. , Middleton Collin T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRelating fish physiology, behaviour and experience to fitness‐related outcomes at the individual scale is ecologically significant, but presents difficulties for free‐ranging fishes in natural systems. Physiological state (e.g. level of stress or maturity) and experience (e.g. habitat use or exposure to stressors) may alter the probability of survival or reproduction. This study examined the relative influence of physiology and migratory experience on survival, migration duration, reproductive longevity, and egg retention in adult female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from a Fraser River population. One hundred and thirty‐five females were plasma sampled and tagged with radio transmitters and archival temperature loggers. Fish were tracked 55 km through two natal lakes to spawning grounds, following passage of a hydroelectric dam. For 39 females, we assessed the proportion of time within an optimal temperature (ToptAS) window (13.4–19.5°C), which provides ≥90% of maximum aerobic scope. Females with lower plasma glucose concentrations were more likely to reach spawning grounds. Early migrants spent longer in natal lakes. More time in the ToptAS window was associated with greater reproductive longevity and lower probability of egg retention. Later arriving females had reduced longevity on spawning grounds, as did females that retained eggs. Exposure to higher dam discharge was associated with reduced reproductive longevity and greater probability of egg retention, but not lower survival, indicating a delayed effect of dam passage. Our results underscore the complexity of factors governing fitness‐related outcomes for salmonids, particularly the importance of female experience in the days and weeks prior to spawning.
Chestnut Red Stain: Identification of the fungi associated with the costly discolouration of Castanea sativa
Authors: Yurkewich J. I. , Castaño C. , Colinas C. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn Europe, fungal pathogens have reduced the overall productivity of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) stands and continue to threaten the economic viability of forestry operations. Chestnut Red Stain (CRS) in north‐eastern Spain, locally referred to as Roig, is capable of decreasing the market value of chestnut timber to the point of rendering chestnut coppices uneconomical. Despite its economic importance, the specific cause of this red discolouration is unknown. With the objective of verifying the presence of fungi within the symptomatic wood, and identifying the fungus or suite of fungi associated with the red stain, wood samples were collected and cultured from 37 stumps found in eight recently harvested stands in the Montseny and Montnegre‐Corredor Natural Parks. To separate the fungi associated with CRS from other species inhabiting the chestnut wood, the origin of each fungal culture was mapped in every stump. The fungi were isolated from cultures and identified by sequencing the ITS region. The results provide insight into the fungal community inhabiting chestnut wood and the potential cause of CRS; nine species were identified including two species known to cause decay in chestnut. One of them, Fistulina hepatica, appears to be a likely candidate for the causal agent of CRS. This is the first study reporting the fungi associated with CRS and opens the door to new epidemiological studies focused on F. hepatica.
Shooting fish in a barrel? Assessing fisher‐driven changes in catchability within tropical tuna purse seine fleets
Authors: Tidd Alex , Brouwer Stephen , Pilling Graham 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith constant innovation to find more efficient ways to find, catch and process fish, catchability in wild fisheries can increase. Catchability is a combination of resource abundance, fishing effort and fishing efficiency: any increase in fleet efficiency can lead to undesirable effects not only on stocks, but also on the ability to assess them. When using effort controls as part of management, it is necessary to adjust for the increase in catchability due to the increases in efficiency over time to avoid stock depletion. Accounting for changes in catchability can be problematic for pelagic stocks, due to the changes in fishing behaviour and the continual change in fishing efficiency. This study investigates the success in finding patches of fish for fleets operating within the western and central Pacific purse seine fishery between 1993 and 2012. Three indices, widely used in ecological research, were used to study how spatial variation in fisher behaviour for sets on fish aggregating devices (FADs) and free‐school sets was related to catchability. For free‐school set types, the diversity index was negatively correlated with Katsuwonus pelamis catchability. When this index was low, catch rates were at their highest and there was a reduction in the area fished. In contrast, for FAD sets, catches increase when the patchiness index was low, implying a degree of random behaviour, potentially due to advances in FAD technology. An improved understanding of the spatial allocation of effort can improve catchability estimates widely used for fisheries stock assessments and in indices of global biodiversity.