bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Today's Young Accountants Different? An Intergenerational Comparison of Three Psychological Attributes
Authors: Fogarty Timothy J. , Reinstein Alan , Heath Rebekah S. 
Published: January 2017

SYNOPSIS
Much has been written about the so-called “millennial generation.” Many commentators believe that Millennials possess values and preferences that render them qualitatively different from the cohorts that preceded them. These writers have suggested, often without benefit of empirical evidence, that such differences will consequentially affect social institutions such as the accounting profession. This paper compares the generation of millennial individuals who are currently entering accounting with previous generational groups, represented by Baby Boomers, who entered the profession in the 1980s, and older students and younger professionals (Generation X). The results suggest that few personality differences exist to support the premise that the millennial generation now entering the accounting profession is truly unique. For the most part, differences are limited to growth need strength, and do not appear in locus of control or need to achieve. Implications for practice management are drawn.
Market Reaction to Auditor Ratification Vote Tally
Authors: Tanyi Paul N. , Roland Kristin C. 
Published: January 2017

SYNOPSIS
This paper provides empirical evidence that the proportion of shareholder votes against the ratification of the auditor is informative to investors' perception of the auditor-client relationship. We find that lower shareholder approval of the auditor is associated with a negative market reaction to the 8-K announcement of the auditor ratification vote. Additionally, we find that the market reaction is more negative when a high level of auditor dissatisfaction is likely a surprise to investors, such as when audit and auditor characteristics suggest that the auditor provides high audit quality. We provide confirming evidence that withheld votes are associated with a higher likelihood of a future auditor dismissal and that the market reaction to the dismissal is more positive for firms with lower shareholder approval of the auditor.
JEL Classifications: G34; G30; M40.
A study of vascular endothelial growth factor in the cord blood of pre-eclamptics and healthy pregnant women
Authors: Rawat Anita , Gangwar Anil Kumar , Ghildiyal Archana , Srivastava Neena , Tiwari Sunita , Singh Uma 
Published: January 2017

Background: Pre-eclampsia(PE) is the most frequently encountered medical complication during pregnancy. In developing countries PE is a principal cause of maternal mortality. A disturbance in the angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors and in the hypoxia/placental re-oxygenation process, seems to activate a maternal endothelial dysfunction.Aims and Objective: To estimate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) level in the cord blood of healthy and Preeclamptic ( PEc ) pregnant women and to associate this with Preeclamptic pregnancy.Material and Methods: A case-control study ofUmbilical cord serum VEGF levels from women with uncomplicated pregnancies (control group, n=60) and pregnancies complicated by Pre-eclampsia (n=40). VEGF in the cord serum was estimated by SANDWICH Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method by using ELISA Kit and then compared between the two groups.Results: The mean VEGF concentrations in the women who had pre-eclampsia (578.62±468.3) were lower than in the control group( 625.75±533.1) , but the difference was not statistically significant ( p= 0.8548). Conclusion VEGF plays a key role in the instability between endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis that occurs during Preeclampsia. VEGF levels might be a useful tool for the early diagnosis of Pre-eclampsia.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 21-25
Fear and Anxiety among patients treated by scaling in Periodontally healthy subjects
Authors: Setty Swati , Kannur Pooja , Thakur Srinath L 
Published: January 2017

Background: Anxiety and fear experience represent significant problems in dental practice and are the factors that discourage the demand for treatment. They affect the use of health care services, treatment decision-making, and responses to periodontal treatment.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate fear and anxiety in patients undergoing scaling and root planing.Materials and Methods: Total of 80 patients were selected and grouped into 20-35 yrs and 40-55 yrs and each age group had 20 males and 20 females, so 40 were males and 40 were females. They were given a structured questionnaire dealing with dental fear and dental anxiety to fill. Statistical analysis was done by Tukey’s multiple post hoc, Two-way ANOVA and Chi –square test.Results: The mean dental anxiety score (DAS) for males was 6.67±3.24 and for females it was 6.57±2.30. The mean DAS score for 20-35yrs was 6.025±2.37 and for 40-55yrs it was 7.22±3.02. But statistically significant difference was not found in the DAS scores in both sex and age groups. The mean dental fear survey (DFS) for males was 28.9±9.4 and for females was 30.5±6.56. The mean DFS score for 20-35yrs was 28.42±8.06 and for 40-55yrs it was 30.97±7.89. But this in the DFS scores was also not found statistically significant in both sex and age groups. When DAS and DFS scores were compared, there was a statistically significant correlation.Conclusion: An understanding of the presence of the anxiety and fear can help dentists to understand what patients feel about dental treatment procedures and aid dentist efforts to improve patients care. They should treat patients and seek to avoid fear and anxiety and discomfort in their patients caused by the treatment.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 77-81
Correlation between maxillary sinus floor topography and relative root position of posterior teeth using Orthopantomograph and Digital Volumetric Tomography
Authors: Kalkur Chaithra , Sattur Atul P , Guttal Kruthika S , Naikmasur Venkatesh G , Burde Krishna 
Published: January 2017

Background: Maxillary sinus and its close proximity to the oral cavity make it a common clinical concern for medical and dental practitioners. Due to anatomical complexities, it is difficult to evaluate the relation between the root apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the floor of maxillary sinus which is essential for diagnosis of sinus pathology, understanding the path of dental infection and planning of dental treatment.Aims and Objectives: To correlate the topographic relationship of the maxillary sinus floor to the maxillary posterior teeth roots as imaged by pairs of Orthopantomograph (OPG) and Digital Volumetric Tomography images (DVT).Materials and Methods: A total of 510 maxillary teeth from 85 patients were classified according to their topographic relationship to the maxillary sinus and measured according to their projection lengths on the sinus cavity using OPG and DVT modalities.Results: In cases of classification 0, 85% and in classification 1 , 55.3% cases shows similar classification in both OPG and DVT. 28.5% of cases in both imaging modalities show classification 2. Only 15.9% of teeth roots exhibits classification 3. 11.1% of cases showed classification 4.The panoramic radiograph showed a statistically significant 2.24 times longer root projection on the sinus cavity in OPG comparison to DVT images.Conclusion: Teeth roots projecting in to the sinus in OPG, shows no vertical protrusion in to the sinus in DVT images. Hence DVT was better than OPG with measurements that were more exact and closer to anatomical reality.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 26-31
Pharmacological and biochemical modulation of stress markers by L-NAME and L-Ascorbic acid in chronic restraint model in Wistar rats
Authors: Pal Giridhari , Rohil Vishwajeet , Akhtar Razi , Behl Tapan , Bharati Sudha , Swain Trupti Rekha , Imran Mohammed , Jena Jyotirmoyee 
Published: January 2017

Background: Stress is the psycho-physiologic reaction of the body to diverse stimuli including emotional or physical stimuli that imbalance the homeostasis and is also known to trigger various stress markers. Despite the stressors of different types, chronic stress in particular, is known to influence the physiological milieu and breakdown of adaptive mechanisms consequently aggravating the morbid states. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the modulatory role of stress marker by N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) and L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) in experimental model of chronic restraint stress (RSx21) in Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: MDA and GSH levels were determined by the method of Okhawa et al 1979 and Ellman 1959 respectively, the SOD and catalase levels were estimated by the method of Nandi and Chatterjee 1988 and Aebi 1984 respectively.Results: Results from our study reveal the significant enhancement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level while significant attenuation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels in chronic stress group compared with vehicle (non-stress) group. The MDA level was found to be increased by L-NAME (10 and 50 mg/kg) in chronic restraint (RSx21) induced rats as compared to vehicle treated RS group. Antioxidant L-AA (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA level in chronic stress situation. However, L-NAME and L-Ascorbic Acid were found to cause an increase in level of plasma SOD, GSH and catalase when compared with vehicle treated RS group. On the other hand, L-AA (100 and 200 mg/kg) reversed these RS induced changes in these oxidative parameters.Conclusions: Hence, results from the study underlined the intricate role of antioxidants as evidenced by reversal of oxidative stress markers that command a vital role in the development of morbid condition.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 15-20
A study on the correlation of matrix metalloproteinase MMP1 in COPD and smoking in the North Indian population
Authors: Rohil Vishwajeet , Vijayan V K , Kumar Raj , Joshi Rini , Pavani P , Paul Shweta , Sharma Anju , Rahman Mujeeb Ur 
Published: January 2017

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by airway obstruction and destruction of lung tissue, the disease for which at present there is no cure, although the treatment can slow worsening. Nearly 90% of COPD is caused by long term cigarette smoking; however, only 25% of chronic tobacco smokers develop COPD, the exact cause of this predisposition of some smokers to acquire COPD is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Lot of studies are available showing the correlation of MMP1 and asthma but not much work has been done on its correlation with COPD especially in North India. The outcome of our study was also expected to discover MMP1 as a new target for treating COPD and its progression in smokers.Aim and Objectives: The association of COPD and smoking with MMP1 gene product and its SNP in the North Indian population was intended to be studied.Material and Methods: The proposed study was a case control study. In this study adults aged 30 years and above fulfilling the inclusion criteria (Please see Annexure I) were considered and a total of 180 subjects were taken after determining the sample size. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed by Spirometry. Three main groups each consisting of 60 subjects were formed on the basis of smoking history and Spirometry: Ist group: Smokers without co-morbidity with normal PFT, IInd group: Smokers with Spirometry proved COPD and without any other co-morbidity, IIIrd group: Healthy Non-smoker controls. Quantification of metalloproteinase MMP1 in all the groups were performed in the serum with ELISA kits and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP 1G-1607 2G, ID rs1799750) studies in the gene encoding MMP1 linked to COPD susceptibility in smokers was performed by DNA Sequencing Analysis. The correlation between the SNPs, gene product, smoking and COPD was studied. Results: MMP1 concentration was seen increased in serum of COPD and smokers when compared to healthy controls. And there is high negative correlation between *FEV1/FVC % (post-bronchodilator) and MMP1 in COPD compared to Smokers and Healthy Controls. However, from the results of present analysis, we could show negative correlation between MMP1 and *FEV1/FVC % in all the 3 groups but the correlation proves to be much more negative in Group II i.e. Smokers with COPD. Statistically Significant Positive Correlation of Pack Years with MMP1 conc., and Statistically Significant Negative Correlation between Pack Years and *FEV1/FVC % was seen.Conclusion:In conclusion, our present analyses did show significant association between MMP1 and COPD risk in North Indian population. MMP1 levels of COPD patients were significantly increased in smokers and may contribute to or be a marker of the pathophysiology of COPD. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 5-14
Image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of spinal hemangioblastoma
Authors: Pan James , Ho Allen L. , D'Astous Myreille , Sussman Eric S. , Thompson Patricia A. , Tayag Armine T. , Pangilinan Louisa , Soltys Scott G. , Gibbs Iris C. , Chang Steven D. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been an attractive treatment option for hemangioblastomas, especially for lesions that are surgically inaccessible and in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and multiple lesions. Although there has been a multitude of studies examining the utility of SRS in intracranial hemangioblastomas, SRS has only recently been used for spinal hemangioblastomas due to technical limitations. The purpose of this study is to provide a long-term evaluation of the effectiveness of image-guided radiosurgery in halting tumor progression and providing symptomatic relief for spinal hemangioblastomas.

METHODS
Between 2001 and 2011, 46 spinal hemangioblastomas in 28 patients were treated using the CyberKnife image-guided radiosurgery system at the authors' institution. Fourteen of these patients also had VHL disease. The median age at treatment was 43.5 years (range 19–85 years). The mean prescription radiation dose to the tumor periphery was 21.6 Gy (range 15–35 Gy). The median tumor volume was 0.264 cm3 (range 0.025–70.9 cm3). Tumor response was evaluated on serial, contrast-enhanced CT and MR images. Clinical response was evaluated by clinical and imaging evaluation.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up for the cohort was 54.3 months. Radiographic follow-up was available for 19 patients with 34 tumors; 32 (94.1%) tumors were radiographically stable or displayed signs of regression. Actuarial control rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96.1%, 92.3%, and 92.3%, respectively. Clinical evaluation on follow-up was available for 13 patients with 16 tumors; 13 (81.2%) tumors in 10 patients had symptomatic improvement. No patient developed any complications related to radiosurgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Image-guided SRS is safe and effective for the primary treatment of spinal hemangioblastomas and is an attractive alternative to resection, especially for those with VHL disease.
Impact of cervicothoracic region stereotactic spine radiosurgery on adjacent organs at risk
Authors: Sharma Mayur , Bennett Elizabeth E. , Rahmathulla Gazanfar , Chao Samuel T. , Koech Hilary K. , Gregory Stephanie N. , Emch Todd , Magnelli Anthony , Meola Antonio , Suh John H. , Angelov Lilyana 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of the spine is a conformal method of delivering a high radiation dose to a target in a single or few (usually ≤ 5) fractions with a sharp fall-off outside the target volume. Although efforts have been focused on evaluating spinal cord tolerance when treating spinal column metastases, no study has formally evaluated toxicity to the surrounding organs at risk (OAR), such as the brachial plexus or the oropharynx, when performing SRS in the cervicothoracic region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation dosimetry and the acute and delayed toxicities of SRS on OAR in such patients.

METHODS
Fifty-six consecutive patients (60 procedures) with a cervicothoracic spine tumor involving segments within C5–T1 who were treated using single-fraction SRS between February 2006 and July 2014 were included in the study. Each patient underwent CT simulation and high-definition MRI before treatment. The clinical target volume and OAR were contoured on BrainScan and iPlan software after image fusion. Radiation toxicity was evaluated using the common toxicity criteria for adverse events and correlated to the radiation doses delivered to these regions. The incidence of vertebral body compression fracture (VCF) before and after SRS was evaluated also.

RESULTS
Metastatic lesions constituted the majority (n = 52 [93%]) of tumors treated with SRS. Each patient was treated with a median single prescription dose of 16 Gy to the target. The median percentage of tumor covered by SRS was 93% (maximum target dose 18.21 Gy). The brachial plexus received the highest mean maximum dose of 17 Gy, followed by the esophagus (13.8 Gy) and spinal cord (13 Gy). A total of 14 toxicities were encountered in 56 patients (25%) during the study period. Overall, 14% (n = 8) of the patients had Grade 1 toxicity, 9% (n = 5) had Grade 2 toxicity, 2% (n = 1) had Grade 3 toxicity, and none of the patients had Grade 4 or 5 toxicity. The most common (12%) toxicity was dysphagia/odynophagia, followed by axial spine pain flare or painful radiculopathy (9%). The maximum radiation dose to the brachial plexus showed a trend toward significance (p = 0.066) in patients with worsening post-SRS pain. De novo and progressive VCFs after SRS were noted in 3% (3 of 98) and 4% (4 of 98) of vertebral segments, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
From the analysis, the current SRS doses used at the Cleveland Clinic seem safe and well tolerated at the cervicothoracic junction. These preliminary data provide tolerance benchmarks for OAR in this region. Because the effect of dose-escalation SRS strategies aimed at improving local tumor control needs to be balanced carefully with associated treatment-related toxicity on adjacent OAR, larger prospective studies using such approaches are needed.
Pathological characteristics of spine metastases treated with high-dose single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Katsoulakis Evangelia , Laufer Ilya , Bilsky Mark , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Lovelock Michael , Yamada Yoshiya 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Spine radiosurgery is increasingly being used to treat spinal metastases. As patients are living longer because of the increasing efficacy of systemic agents, appropriate follow-up and posttreatment management for these patients is critical. Tumor progression after spine radiosurgery is rare; however, vertebral compression fractures are recognized as a more common posttreatment effect. The use of radiographic imaging alone posttreatment may makeit difficult to distinguish tumor progression from postradiation changes such as fibrosis. This is the largest series from a prospective database in which the authors examine histopathology of samples obtained from patients who underwent surgical intervention for presumed tumor progression or mechanical pain secondary to compression fracture. The majority of patients had tumor ablation and resulting fibrosis rather than tumor progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor histopathology and characteristics of patients who underwent pathological sampling because of radiographic tumor progression, fibrosis, or collapsed vertebrae after receiving high-dose single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery.

METHODS
Between January 2005 and January 2014, a total of 582 patients were treated with linear accelerator–based single-fraction (18–24 Gy) stereotactic radiosurgery. The authors retrospectively identified 30 patients (5.1%) who underwent surgical intervention for 32 lesions with vertebral cement augmentation for either mechanical pain or instability secondary to vertebral compression fracture (n = 17) or instrumentation (n = 15) for radiographic tumor progression. Radiation and surgical treatment, histopathology, and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Survival and time to recurrence were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS
The mean age at the time of radiosurgery was 59 years (range 36–80 years). The initial pathological diagnoses were obtained for all patients and primarily included radioresistant tumor types, including renal cell carcinoma in 7 (22%), melanoma in 6 (19%), lung carcinoma in 4 (12%), and sarcoma in 3 (9%). The median time to surgical intervention was 24.7 months (range 1.6–50.8 months). The median follow-up and overall survival for all patients were 42.5 months and 41 months (overall survival range 7–86 months), respectively. The majority of assessed lesions showed no evidence of tumor on pathological review (25 of 32, 78%), while a minority of lesions revealed residual tumor (7 of 32, 22%). The median survival for patients after tumor recurrence was 5 months (range 2–70 months).

CONCLUSIONS
High-dose single-fraction radiosurgery is tumor ablative in the majority of instances. In a minority of cases, tumor persists and salvage treatments should be considered.
Image-guided resection of aggressive sacral tumors
Authors: Drazin Doniel , Bhamb Neil , Al-Khouja Lutfi T. , Kappel Ari D. , Kim Terrence T. , Johnson J. Patrick , Brien Earl 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify and discuss operative nuances utilizing image guidance in the surgical management of aggressive sacral tumors.

METHODS
The authors report on their single-institution, multi-surgeon, retrospective case series involving patients with pathology-proven aggressive sacral tumors treated between 2009 and 2016. They also reviewed the literature to identify articles related to aggressive sacral tumors, their diagnosis, and their surgical treatment and discuss the results together with their own experience. Information, including background, imaging, treatment, and surgical pearls, is organized by tumor type.

RESULTS
Review of the institutional records identified 6 patients with sacral tumors who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2016. All 6 patients were treated with image-guided surgery using cone-beam CT technology (O-arm). The surgical technique used is described in detail, and 2 illustrative cases are presented. From the literature, the authors compiled information about chordomas, chondrosarcomas, giant cell tumors, and osteosarcomas and organized it by tumor type, providing a detailed discussion of background, imaging, and treatment as well as surgical pearls for each tumor type.

CONCLUSIONS
Aggressive sacral tumors can be an extremely difficult challenge for both the patient and the treating physician. The selected surgical intervention varies depending on the type of tumor, size, and location. Surgery can have profound risks including neural compression, lumbopelvic instability, and suboptimal oncological resection. Focusing on the operative nuances for each type can help prevent many of these complications. Anecdotal evidence is provided that utilization of image-guided surgery to aid in tumor resection at our institution has helped reduce blood loss and the local recurrence rate while preserving function in both malignant and aggressive benign tumors affecting the sacrum.