bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TiO2–BaTiO3 nanocomposite for electron capture in dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Asgari Moghaddam Hatameh , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDifferent compositions of TiO2–BaTiO3 nanocomposites are synthesized with various weight ratios for dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. TiO2 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by sol‐gel and solvothermal methods, respectively and are employed as the photoanode electrodes. BaTiO3 NPs have pure cubic perovskite crystal structure with an average size of 20‐40 nm, while TiO2 NPs show pure anatase phase with 15‐30 nm size. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement of the cells is first attained by controlling the thickness of the films for light harvesting improvement. The fabricated DSSC composed of pure BaTiO3 NPs with an optimal thickness of 25 μm shows efficiency of 6.83%, whereas that made of pure TiO2 NPs with 14 μm thickness has cell efficiency of 7.24%. Further improvement of cell efficiency is achieved by preparation of binary oxide nanocomposites using TiO2 and BaTiO3 NPs with various weight ratios. The highest PCE of 9.40% is obtained for the nanocomposite with TiO2:BaTiO3=85:15 (wt%). The enhancement is assigned to less recombination of photo‐generated electrons and higher incident photon to current conversion yield as a result of rapid charge collection and higher dye sensitization.
Polymerization Mode of Self‐Adhesive, Dual‐Cured Dental Resin Cements Light Cured Through Various Restorative Materials
Authors: Shim Ji Suk , Kang Jeong Kyung , Jha Nayansi , Ryu Jae Jun 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the polymerization mode of self‐adhesive, dual‐cured resin cements light‐cured through overlying materials with different degree of translucency by measuring the degree of conversion (DC).Materials and MethodsThree kinds of self‐adhesive, dual‐cured resin cements (G‐CEM LinkAceTM, Maxcem EliteTM, and BisCem®) were light‐cured through three different restorative materials that included porcelain‐fused metal (PFM), zirconia, and lithium disilicate. Polymerization kinetics were continuously evaluated using infrared spectroscopy after 0, 5, 10, and 30 min and 2 weeks of mixing. Data were statistically analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple‐comparison test (α = 0.05).ResultsRegardless of the kind of resin cement, the light‐cured groups showed higher DC than did the autopolymerization group under PFM at any point of time (p < 0.05). The time taken by the cements to achieve statistically similar DC between the zirconia and lithium disilicate groups increased in the following order: G‐CEM LinkAceTM, BisCem®, and Maxcem EliteTM (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe degree of translucency of the restorative material can be a significant variable determining the polymerization aspects of self‐adhesive, dual‐cured resin cements. The resin cements light‐cured through lithium disilicate and zirconia showed higher DC than that shown by cements cured under PFM at any measurement time. The lithium disilicate and zirconia groups showed differences in the early stage of polymerization for G‐CEM LinkAceTM and BisCem®; however, the differences diminished at 2 weeks.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEChemical polymerization is not sufficient to cause the resin cement to achieve the highest polymerization not only in early stage, but also in late stage of polymerization. The sensitivity to the intensity of the light was different for each resin cement. Special clinical steps to compensate for the attenuated light intensity seem to be necessary for the resin cements which are susceptible to light intensity. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:209–214, 2017)
Use of Highly Specific Molecular Markers Reveals Positive Correlation between Abundances of Mesodinium cf. major and Its Preferred Prey, Teleaulax amphioxeia, During Red Water Blooms in the Columbia River Estuary
Authors: Herfort Lydie , Maxey Katie , Voorhees Ian , Simon Holly M. , Grobler Kolette , Peterson Tawnya D. , Zuber Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn a previous study, Teleaulax amphioxeia—the preferred prey of Mesodinium in the Columbia River estuary—were undetectable within intense annual blooms, suggesting blooms are prey‐limited or prey are acquired outside of bloom patches. We used a novel molecular approach specifically targeting the prey (i.e., Unique Sequence Element [USE] within the ribosomal RNA 28S D2 regions of T. amphioxeia nucleus and nucleomorph) in estuarine water samples acquired autonomously with an Environmental Sample Processor integrated within a monitoring network (ESP‐SATURN). This new approach allowed for both more specific detection of the prey and better constraint of sample variability. A positive correlation was observed between abundances of M. cf. major and T. amphioxeia during bloom periods. The correlation was stronger at depth (> 8.2 m) and weak or nonexistent in the surface, suggesting that predator–prey dynamics become uncoupled when stratification is strong. We confirmed exclusive selectivity for T. amphioxeia by M. cf. major and observed the incorporation of the prey nucleus into a 4‐nuclei complex, where it remained functionally active. The specific biomarker for T. amphioxeia was also recovered in M. cf. major samples from a Namibian coastal bloom, suggesting that a specific predator–prey relationship might be widespread between M. cf. major and T. amphioxeia.
Differences in the Detection of BrdU/EdU Incorporation Assays Alter the Calculation for G1, S, and G2 Phases of the Cell Cycle in Trypanosomatids
Authors: da Silva Marcelo Santos , Muñoz Paula Andrea Marin , Armelin Hugo Aguirre , Elias Maria Carolina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTrypanosomatids are the etiologic agents of various infectious diseases in humans. They diverged early during eukaryotic evolution and have attracted attention as peculiar models for evolutionary and comparative studies. Here, we show a meticulous study comparing the incorporation and detection of the thymidine analogs BrdU and EdU in Leishmania amazonensis, Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi to monitor their DNA replication. We used BrdU‐ and EdU‐incorporated parasites with the respective standard detection approaches: indirect immunofluorescence to detect BrdU after standard denaturation (2 M HCl) and “click” chemistry to detect EdU. We found a discrepancy between these two thymidine analogs due to the poor detection of BrdU, which is reflected on the estimative of the duration of the cell cycle phases G1, S, and G2. To solve this discrepancy, we increase the exposure of incorporated BrdU using different concentrations of HCl. Using a new value for HCl concentration, we re‐estimated the phases G1, S, G2 + M, and cytokinesis durations, confirming the values found by this approach using EdU. In conclusion, we suggest that the studies using BrdU with standard detection approach, not only in trypanosomatids but also in others cell types, should be reviewed to ensure an accurate estimation of DNA replication monitoring.
Daclatasvir and asunaprevir treatment in patients with severe liver fibrosis by hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection: Real‐world data
Authors: Ishigami Masatoshi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Honda Takashi , Kuzuya Teiji , Ishizu Yoji , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Nakano Isao , Urano Fumihiro , Kumada Takashi , Yoshioka Kentaro , Goto Hidemi , Hirooka Yoshiki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimIn this study, we investigated the real‐world data of the first approved interferon‐free regimen in Japan: daclatasvir and asunaprevir in chronic hepatitis C patients with severe fibrosis.MethodsAmong 924 patients registered in our multicenter study, 535 patients were defined as having severe fibrosis with Fib‐4 index ≧ 3.25 and were included in this study. We investigated antiviral effect and factors associated with sustained viral response 12 (SVR12), and the additional effects on serum α‐fetoprotein and albumin levels by eradicating virus in patients who attained SVR were investigated. In statistical analysis, P < 0.05 was considered as significant levels.ResultsAntiviral effect was lower in patients with severe fibrosis at 8 and 12 weeks after start of the treatment (96.3%, 97.1% with severe fibrosis vs 99.5%, 99.2% without severe fibrosis, P = 0.002 and P = 0.036, respectively), and more early relapse (SVR4; 90.4% with severe fibrosis vs 95.4% without fibrosis, P = 0.008) was seen in patients with severe fibrosis; however, there were no differences in SVR12 and SVR24. In the safety profiles, discontinuation rate due to liver injury (2.8% with severe fibrosis vs 3.3% without severe fibrosis) or other causes of discontinuation was not different between two groups. Serum α‐fetoprotein significantly decreased, and serum albumin levels significantly increased as early as 4 weeks after the start of treatment.ConclusionAlthough the antiviral effect was slightly lower in patients with severe fibrosis compared with those without, treatment with daclatasvir and asunaprevir is basically an effective and well‐tolerable treatment in these populations.
Glucose concentrations modulate brain‐derived neurotrophic factor responsiveness of neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: McIsaac W. , Ferguson A. V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is critical for normal energy balance and has been shown to contain high levels of both brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin‐receptor kinase B mRNA. Microinjections of BDNF into the PVN increase energy expenditure, suggesting that BDNF plays an important role in energy homeostasis through direct actions in this nucleus. The present study aimed to examine the postsynaptic effects of BDNF on the membrane potential of PVN neurones, and also to determine whether extracellular glucose concentrations modulated these effects. We used hypothalamic PVN slices from male Sprague‐Dawley rats to perform whole cell current‐clamp recordings from PVN neurones. BDNF was bath applied at a concentration of 2 nmol L‐1 and the effects on membrane potential determined. BDNF caused depolarisations in 54% of neurones (n=25; mean±SEM, 8.9±1.2 mV) and hyperpolarisations in 23% (n=11; −6.7±1.4 mV), whereas the remaining cells were unaffected. These effects were maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (n=9; 56% depolarised, 22% hyperpolarised, 22% nonresponders), or the GABAa antagonist bicuculline (n=12; 42% depolarised, 17% hyperpolarised, 41% nonresponders), supporting the conclusion that these effects on membrane potential were postsynaptic. Current‐clamp recordings from PVN neurones next examined the effects of BDNF on these neurones at varying extracellular glucose concentrations. Larger proportions of PVN neurones hyperpolarised in response to BDNF as the glucose concentrations decreased [10 mmol L−1 glucose 23% (n=11) of neurones hyperpolarised, whereas, at 0.2 mmol L−1 glucose, 71% showed hyperpolarising effects (n=12)]. Our findings reveal that BDNF has direct GABAA independent effects on PVN neurones, which are modulated by local glucose concentrations. The latter observation further emphasises the critical importance of using physiologically relevant conditions in an investigation of the central pathways involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
Pure optic ataxia and visual hemiagnosia – extending the dual visual hypothesis
Authors: Meichtry Jurka R. , Cazzoli Dario , Chaves Silvia , von Arx Sebastian , Pflugshaupt Tobias , Kalla Roger , Bassetti Claudio L. , Gutbrod Klemens , Müri René M. 
Published: March 2017

Goodale and Milner's two visual system hypothesis is an influential model for the understanding of the primate visual system. Lesions of either the ventral (occipito‐temporal) or the dorsal (occipito‐parietal) stream produce distinct and dissociated syndromes in humans: visual agnosia is typical for ventral damage, whereas optic ataxia (OA) for dorsal damage. We studied the case of a 59‐year‐old left‐handed woman with a circumscribed lesion around the left posterior occipital sulcus, extending to the underlying white matter. Initially, she presented with a central visual field OA, which regressed to an OA to the right visual hemifield during the 3 months observation period. In addition, tachistoscopic experiments showed visual hemiagnosia to the right visual hemifield. In line with the findings of the neuropsychological experiments, the analysis of the structural MR data by means of a trackwise hodologic probabilistic approach revealed damage to the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and to the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, indicating an impairment of both the dorsal and the ventral stream. The combination of OA and visual hemiagnosia in the same patient has never been previously described. The present case study thus provides further insights for the understanding of visual processing.
Long‐term clinical and prosthetic outcomes of soft liner and clip attachments for bar/implant overdentures: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: ELsyad M. A. , Shaheen N. H. , Ashmawy T. M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryLong‐term clinical and prosthetic outcomes of soft liner attachments for bar/implant overdentures were not sufficiently investigated. The aim of this trial was to evaluate clinical and prosthetic outcomes of resilient liner and clip attachments for bar/implant‐retained mandibular overdenture after 7 years. Thirty edentulous male participants received two implants in the canine areas of the mandible. Three months later, implants were splinted with a resilient bar. Mandibular overdentures were connected to the bars with either clip (CR group, n = 15) or resilient liner (RR group, n = 15) attachments. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), vertical bone loss (VBL), horizontal bone loss (HBLO) and prosthetic complications (PCs) were evaluated at denture delivery (T0), 6 (T6m), 12 (T1), 24 (T2), 36 (T3), 48 (T4), 60 (T5), 72 (T6) and 84 (T7) months after insertion. PI and GI increased significantly with time for CR and decreased significantly for RR (P < 0·001). PD increased at T1 (CR) and T6 m (RR) and then decreased thereafter (P < 0·05). VBL increased significantly with time in both groups (P < 0·005). HBLO increased at T2 (CR) and T1 (RR) and then decreased thereafter. CR recorded significant higher PI, GI, PD, VBLO and HBLO compared to RR at all observation times (P < 0·042). The survival rates were 96·6% and 100% for CR and RR after 7 years. The most common PCs for CR and RR were clip wears and separation of the resilient liner from the denture base, respectively. Within the limitations of this study, resilient liner attachments are recommended for bar/implant‐retained mandibular overdentures than clip attachments in terms of peri‐implant tissue health and prosthetic complications after 7 years.
Realistic kinetic loading of the jaw system during single chewing cycles: a finite element study
Authors: Martinez Choy S. E. , Lenz J. , Schweizerhof K. , Schmitter M. , Schindler H. J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAlthough knowledge of short‐range kinetic interactions between antagonistic teeth during mastication is of essential importance for ensuring interference‐free fixed dental reconstructions, little information is available. In this study, the forces on and displacements of the teeth during kinetic molar biting simulating the power stroke of a chewing cycle were investigated by use of a finite‐element model that included all the essential components of the human masticatory system, including an elastic food bolus. We hypothesised that the model can approximate the loading characteristics of the dentition found in previous experimental studies. The simulation was a transient analysis, that is, it considered the dynamic behaviour of the jaw. In particular, the reaction forces on the teeth and joints arose from contact, rather than nodal forces or constraints. To compute displacements of the teeth, the periodontal ligament (PDL) was modelled by use of an Ogden material model calibrated on the basis of results obtained in previous experiments. During the initial holding phase of the power stroke, bite forces were aligned with the roots of the molars until substantial deformation of the bolus occurred. The forces tilted the molars in the bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal directions, but as the intrusive force increased the teeth returned to their initial configuration. The Ogden material model used for the PDL enabled accurate prediction of the displacements observed in experimental tests. In conclusion, the comprehensive kinetic finite element model reproduced the kinematic and loading characteristics of previous experimental investigations.
Codevelopment Between Key Personality Traits and Alcohol Use Disorder From Adolescence Through Young Adulthood
Authors: Samek Diana R. , Hicks Brian M. , Durbin Emily , Hinnant J. Benjamin , Iacono William G. , McGue Matthew 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivePersonality traits related to negative emotionality and low constraint are strong correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but few studies have evaluated the prospective interplay between these traits and AUD symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodThe Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 2,769) was used to examine the developmental interplay between AUD symptoms and three personality measures of constraint, negative emotionality, and aggressive undercontrol from ages 17 to 29.ResultsResults from random‐intercept, cross‐lagged panel models showed that low constraint and aggressive undercontrol predicted subsequent rank‐order increases in AUD symptoms from ages 17 to 24. AUD symptoms did not predict rank‐order change in these traits from ages 17 to 24. There was support for both cross‐effects from ages 24 to 29. Biometric analysis of the twin data showed genetic influences accounted for most of the phenotypic correlations over time.ConclusionResults are consistent with the notion that personality traits related to low constraint and aggressive undercontrol are important vulnerability/predisposition factors for the development of early adult AUD. In later young adulthood, there is more evidence for the simultaneous codevelopment of personality and AUD. Implications are addressed with attention to personality‐based risk assessments and targeted AUD prevention approaches.
Think Positive? Examining the Impact of Optimism on Academic Achievement in Early Adolescents
Authors: Tetzner Julia , Becker Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveAlthough optimism's beneficial role for various life areas is well documented, previous findings regarding its significance for students' achievement at school are inconclusive. This study examined the relation between optimism and academic achievement in early adolescents. It investigated the functional form of this relation, addressed whether the initial achievement level moderates this association, and compared this with effects on self‐esteem.MethodWe used a large German sample (N = 6,010; 53.2% females; baseline Mage = 14.1) with two measurement points over a period of 5 months (middle and end of 7th grade). Estimating LOESS curves and latent change‐regression models revealed three main findings.Results(a) Optimism showed a nonlinear association with subsequent changes in academic achievement: Optimism promoted academic achievement, but this positive association reached a plateau in above‐average optimism ranges and a minimum value in below‐average ranges of optimism. (b) The achievement level at t1 moderated this relation so that high optimism exerted a more positive effect for high‐achieving adolescents. (c) By contrast, optimism had an overall positive effect on self‐esteem.ConclusionsThe results therefore broaden the evidence on benefits of optimism by linking optimism to academic success in early adolescents but indicate only small and nonlinear associations.
Self‐Other Agreement and Metaperception Accuracy Across the Big Five: Examining the Roles of Depression and Self‐Esteem
Authors: Moritz Daniel , Roberts John E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe ability to judge other people's personality characteristics and to know how we are viewed by others are important aspects of social cognition. The present study tested the impact of depressive symptoms and low self‐esteem on self‐other agreement and the accuracy of metaperception (i.e., how we believe others view us) across the Big Five dimensions of personality.MethodParticipants who varied in depressive symptoms engaged in a 10‐minute “getting to know you” interaction in dyads. Ratings on the Big Five personality dimensions, depression, and self‐esteem were completed prior to the interaction. After the interaction, participants rated the personality of their partner and rated how they believed their partner would rate them (metaperception).ResultsSelf‐other agreement was only found on Extraversion, whereas there was significant meta‐accuracy on Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion. Depressive symptoms and low self‐esteem negatively biased metaperceptions of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism.ConclusionsDepression and low self‐esteem function to negatively bias how we believe we are seen by others in new acquaintanceships and therefore may play an important role in the development of interpersonal relationships.
Biomineralization of calcium carbonate in the cell wall ofLithothamnion crispatum(Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta): correlation between the organic matrix and the mineral phase
Authors: de Carvalho Rodrigo Tomazetto , Salgado Leonardo Tavares , Amado Filho Gilberto Menezes , Leal Rachel Nunes , Werckmann Jacques , Rossi André Linhares , Campos Andrea Porto Carreiro , Karez Cláudia Santiago , Farina Marcos 
Published: March 2017

Over the past few decades, progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of coralline algae mineralization. However, the relationship between the mineral phase and the organic matrix in coralline algae has not yet been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to describe the cell wall ultrastructure ofLithothamnion crispatum, a cosmopolitan rhodolith‐forming coralline algal species collected near Salvador (Brazil), and examine the relationship between the organic matrix and the nucleation and growth/shape modulation of calcium carbonate crystals. A nanostructured pattern was observed inL. crispatumalong the cell walls. At the nanoscale, the crystals fromL. crispatumconsisted of several single crystallites assembled and associated with organic material. The crystallites in the bulk of the cell wall had a high level of spatial organization. However, the crystals displayed cleavages in the (104) faces after ultrathin sectioning with a microtome. This organism is an important model for biomineralization studies as the crystallographic data do not fit in any of the general biomineralization processes described for other organisms. Biomineralization inL. crispatumis dependent on both the soluble and the insoluble organic matrix, which are involved in the control of mineral formation and organizational patterns through an organic matrix‐mediated process. This knowledge concerning the mineral composition and organizational patterns of crystals within the cell walls should be taken into account in future studies of changing ocean conditions as they represent important factors influencing the physico‐chemical interactions between rhodoliths and the environment in coralline reefs.