bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unstable instantons in A-model localization
Authors: Leeb-Lundberg Emil Hakan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We apply localization techniques to A-twisted $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2) theories of vector multiplets on S2. We derive formulae for A-model partition functions and correlators as integrals along a real contour, as opposed to a complex one. Using the correlator formula, we successfully recover the unstable instanton partition function of pure two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory from the vacuum expectation value of an A-model operator.
The association between microaggressions and mental health among UK trans people: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wright Talen , Lewis Gemma , Greene Talya , Pearce Ruth , Pitman Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Epidemiological studies investigating the mental health impacts of microaggressions in the trans population have tended to have methodological limitations, including a lack of validated measures, raising concerns about the validity of their findings. To address this evidence gap, we investigated the associations between microaggressions and poor mental health (depression; anxiety; non-suicidal self-harm [NSSH]; suicidal thoughts; suicide attempt) amongst trans people.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 787 trans adults in the UK, measuring mental health and exposure to microaggressions using the Gender Identity Microaggressions Scale (GIMS). Using univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression models we tested for an association of microaggressions with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), lifetime NSSH, lifetime suicidal thoughts, and lifetime suicide attempt.

Results
Of the 787 participants, 574 (73%) provided complete data. Microaggressions were a common experience, affecting 97.6% of participants over their lifetime. In adjusted analyses, using sociodemographic and clinical variables, increased microaggression scores were associated with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient: 1.86 (95%CI = 1.35 to 2.36)), anxiety symptoms (adjusted coefficient: 1.57 (95%CI = 1.09 –2.05)) and with increased odds of NSSH (Odds Ratio [OR]adj 1.83 (95%CI = 1.45 –2.30)), suicidal thoughts (ORadj 2.18, (95%CI = 1.52 –3.13)), and suicide attempt (ORadj, 1.59, (95%CI = 1.32 –1.92)). In exploratory analyses different GIMS subscales were associated with these various outcomes.

Conclusions
There was evidence of associations between microaggressions and adverse mental health outcomes, as well as to support specific microaggressions being associated with specific outcomes, emphasizing the importance of public health interventions that target microaggressions directed at trans adults. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the temporality of the associations between microaggressions and mental health outcomes.
Intraoperative cartilage analysis of the first carpometacarpal joint - comparison with conventional staging according to Eaton and Littler
Authors: März Vincent , Könneker Sören , Tamulevicius Martynas , Vogt Peter M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint is a common pathology of the hand, which may show an increasing prevalence in Germany due to the demographic development. In recent years, not only the current gold standard - the resection arthroplasty of the thumb saddle joint - has been used, but also therapeutic thumb saddle joint arthroscopy. In addition to the patient’s clinical complaints, radiographic diagnostics have been used to decide on treatment, although it has not been proven whether there is a correlation between imaging and clinical complaints.

Materials and methods
Between 2020 and 2022, 20 articular surfaces of the thumb saddle joint undergoing resection arthroplasty for symptomatic basal thumb osteoarthritis were prospectively examined, mapped and compared with preoperative conventional radiographs.

Results
The evaluation of the corresponding articular surfaces showed a higher cartilage destruction at the articular surfaces of the trapezium compared to the first metacarpal. No correlation was found between the stage of osteoarthritis and the Eaton-Littler classification.

Conclusions
Overall, there is a patient-specific heterogeneity of the cartilage damage of the articular surface of the trapezium bone, as well in the metacarpal bone I base in relation to the radiographic diagnosis. Furthermore, an inhomogeneity of the radiographic stage of osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint according to Eaton and Littler in relation to the intraoperatively assessed cartilage damage. The statistical significance of the surgically assessed cartilage damage in relation to the conventional radiographs could not be demonstrated. Thus, the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint should primarily address the patient’s individual complaints. The radiographic classification according to Eaton and Littler can be used as an additional factor to decide on the surgical procedure but should not delay the therapeutic treatment.

Level of evidence
III.
Postmortem study of adrenomedullin and cortisol in femoral serum and pericardial fluid related to acute pulmonary edema
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Daniel , Hernández del Rincón Juan Pedro , Sabater-Molina Maria , Pérez-Martínez Cristina , Torres Carmen , Pérez-Cárceles María D. , Luna Aurelio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Currently, various tools aid in determining the cause of death and the circumstances surrounding it. Thanatochemistry is one such method that provides insights into the physiopathological mechanisms of death and the behavior of specific biomarkers in different body fluids postmortem. Certain biomarkers, characterized by their stability and specificity to vital tissues like the lungs, are associated with mechanisms contributing to death, such as acute pulmonary edema (APE). This study aims to analyze the behavior of midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and cortisol levels, measured in pericardial fluid and femoral serum, in relation to the severity of APE, categorized according to specific criteria. Samples were collected from a total of 92 corpses (77 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 56.7 ± 15.2 years. The severity of APE associated with the deaths was classified into three groups: slight or absent (n = 7; 8.6%), medium or moderate (n = 16; 19.8%), and intense (n = 58;71.6%).
The determination of MR-proADM and cortisol levels was conducted using ELISA kits and an Immunoassay Analyzer, respectively. Our results reveal a significant increase in MR-proADM concentration with the severity of APE. Furthermore, a correlation was established between cortisol and MR-proADM concentrations in both pericardial fluid and femoral serum samples. This indicates that the severity of APE influences the production of ADM, regardless of the specific underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Cortisol values were also found to be higher in the intense APE group compared to the moderate group.
This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between MR-proADM and cortisol, and the severity of APE, shedding light on potential applications in postmortem investigations.
Seeing eye to eye: a modified Delphi method-based multidisciplinary expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Ghiglioni Daniele Giovanni , Bruschi Gaia , Chiappini Elena , Consales Alessandra , Allegri Pia , Aragona Pasquale , Bonini Stefano , Caputo Roberto , Cardinale Fabio , Landi Massimo , Leonardi Andrea , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Mori Francesca , Nebbioso Marcella , Nucci Paolo , Osnaghi Silvia , Procoli Ugo , Villani Edoardo , Zicari Anna Maria , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disease that affects both eyes, often with asymmetric severity, potentially causing major visual complications. The seasonal management of VKC can be challenging, especially when specialists with different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches need to be consulted. The aim of this expert panel was to reach a national consensus among pediatric allergologists and ophthalmologists on the diagnosis and treatment of VKC. This consensus was developed by an expert panel of 17 Italian pediatric allergologists and ophthalmologists with over a decade of experience. Ten statements on VKC diagnosis and treatment formulated after a thorough review of current literature were evaluated by the panelists. The level of agreement was quantitatively assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥ 75.0% of panelists agreed to any given statement. The consensus emphasizes the importance of evaluation by multispecialty reference centers or experienced specialists for accurate diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis, especially during active phases, is crucial and should occur before corticosteroid therapy. The Bonini score from 2007 is the preferred tool for VKC assessment, although future revisions may be considered. Short cycles of topical corticosteroids should be preferred over prolonged use, even during immunomodulatory therapy. When cyclosporine fails, tacrolimus should be considered. Conclusion: This is the first consensus on the management of VKC that has gathered the expert opinions of both pediatricians and ophthalmologists. The outcome of this multidisciplinary effort provides a uniform approach to VKC diagnosis and treatment, thereby facilitating patient management across the country.

What is Known:• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic recurrent ocular disease particularly prevalent in the pediatric population.• Despite its relevance, there is a lack of standardized approaches shared between pediatricians and ophthalmologists, leading to notable variations in clinical practice.

What is New:• This expert panel, comprising 17 pediatric allergologists and ophthalmologists, has reached a national consensus to provide standardized guidance for VKC management.• The consensus emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing VKC, ensuring consistent and effective patient care.
Impact of excessive daytime sleepiness on the progression of freezing of gait in de novo Parkinson’s disease: a cohort study
Authors: Chen Min , Guo Yanjie , Zhang Xuewei , Zhao Maoyun , Zheng Tinghua , Song Jingyang , Liu Feng-Tao , Xing Hongxia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and freezing of gait (FOG) are prevalent non-motor and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), significantly impacting their quality of life. However, the correlation between EDS and FOG progression in de novo PD patients remains controversial.

Methods
A total of 328 participants from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) were divided into two groups: 43 with EDS (EDS group) and 285 without EDS (nEDS group). The cumulative incidence of FOG was assessed at the 5-year follow-up using Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the impact of EDS on FOG progression in PD patients, with validation for robustness through sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Results
The EDS group experienced a higher incidence of FOG throughout the 5-year follow-up than did the nEDS group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed significantly association between EDS severity and enhanced risk of developing FOG (HR = 1.076, 95% CI:1.007 ~ 1.149, P = 0.031). For sensitivity analysis, parallel analyses were performed by substituting the independent variable with categorical variables, which yielded analogous outcomes (HR = 1.837, 95% CI:1.063 ~ 3.174, P = 0.029). Furthermore, subgroup analyses based on sex, age, TD/PIGD classification, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, mean caudate nucleus uptake level, mean putamen nucleus uptake level and CSF Aβ-42 level revealed no significant interactions between subgroups (all P values for interaction were > 0.05).

Conclusion
EDS is a potential prognosis factor for the progression of FOG in patients with PD.
Large-scale forest protection: the successful case of the Kayapo people in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Garcia Beatriz , Morgan Edward A. , Aruch Matthew , Ferreira Igor Richwin , Jerozolimski Adriano , Mackey Brendan , Hugh Sonia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForest conservation is essential for action on climate change and biodiversity loss. Forest loss and degradation are increasing around the world, including in the Amazon. It is widely reported that Indigenous communities can be effective in forest protection, but less attention has been paid to explaining how they are able to do this in the face of severe threats. This article investigates what can be learned from the success of the Kayapo Indigenous communities and their organizations in protecting more than nine million hectares of primary forest in one of the most highly degraded and deforested areas of the Brazilian Amazon. We use geographic information system analysis to demonstrate the extent of forest protection, along with field work to examine the crucial alliances with conservation NGOs from governance and planning perspectives. Our interdisciplinary analysis is guided by the three-pillar framework for integrated landscape management and is informed by interviews conducted with Indigenous and non-Indigenous staff working for the Kayapo NGOs. Based on this data and the experience of the Kayapo people, we identify the main factors that facilitated large-scale forest conservation. Our research also reveals that the work of the Kayapo NGOs aligns with the principles of strong governance and effective planning. Lastly, we discuss key lessons and critical considerations to ensure the continued viability and ongoing success of the Kayapo NGOs in achieving their objectives.
Nonsmooth projection-free optimization with functional constraints
Authors: Asgari Kamiar , Neely Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a subgradient-based algorithm for constrained nonsmooth convex optimization that does not require projections onto the feasible set. While the well-established Frank–Wolfe algorithm and its variants already avoid projections, they are primarily designed for smooth objective functions. In contrast, our proposed algorithm can handle nonsmooth problems with general convex functional inequality constraints. It achieves an $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-suboptimal solution in $$\mathcal {O}(\epsilon ^{-2})$$

O
(

ϵ

-
2

)

iterations, with each iteration requiring only a single (potentially inexact) Linear Minimization Oracle call and a (possibly inexact) subgradient computation. This performance is consistent with existing lower bounds. Similar performance is observed when deterministic subgradients are replaced with stochastic subgradients. In the special case where there are no functional inequality constraints, our algorithm competes favorably with a recent nonsmooth projection-free method designed for constraint-free problems. Our approach utilizes a simple separation scheme in conjunction with a new Lagrange multiplier update rule.
The gravity of the status quo: the response of research governance to system-level shocks
Authors: Derrick G. E. , Robson J. , Oancea A. , Xu X. , Stan M. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing interviews with global research stakeholders, this research explores how stakeholders within research-system-level research governance organisations conceptualised, responded to, and reasoned the realities of disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they positioned procedural changes to their governance mechanisms. Given that system shocks present critical challenges to established practices and embedded institutional norms, we use neo-institutional theory as a heuristic device to examine the relationship between the exogenous shock of COVID-19, trajectories of institutional norms and cultures, and the role institutional stakeholders play in managing responses. Across all the research systems studied (with particular focus on the UK, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Hong Kong SAR, and Italy), participants were concerned about how the shock provided by COVID-19 had both revealed and entrenched deep inequalities inherent in their research systems and globally. There were tensions in how participants centralised the concept of the ‘normal’ as part of a process of recovery permeating all system-level responses, often with a sense of wistful affection for pre-pandemic structures, modes of operation, and embedded norms. Aspirations for short-, medium,- and long-term plans for research change echoed a dependency on returning to ‘normal’ and an inevitable pull of the norms of the pre-pandemic status quo. Despite the desire to ‘build back better’, the pull of institutional norms and the gravitational force of the status quo appeared too strong for meaningful change in recovering research systems.
Multiple Documentational Genesis and Praxeologies: A Networked Approach to Investigate Mathematics Teachers’ Documentation Work
Authors: Pocalana Gabriella , Bini Giulia , Robutti Ornella 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the unexpected phenomenon that we call multiple documentational genesis, which occurred during a professional development program for in-service mathematics teachers, guided by researchers in mathematics education. It involves the proliferation of uncoordinated teaching materials created by teachers for their students based on the same initial input provided by researchers. To make sense of this phenomenon, we rely on a theoretical model combining the Documentational Approach to Didactics and the Meta-Didactical Transposition frameworks. We find that the logos component of the meta-didactical praxeology shared among the teachers participating in the program guided their documentation work in a way unforeseen by the researchers. Indeed, the teacher’s decision to distance themselves from the researchers’ initial input, perceived as non-coherent with their shared logos, led to a disruption in the co-learning partnership that had consistently characterised the program in prior years. This affected not only the sense of community among researchers and teachers but also the collaborative work among teachers themselves. The experimental findings informed new theoretical perspectives in the form of an adjustment of the theoretical model adopted for data analysis to the specific case of teachers participating in a professional development program.
Abstracting It All: The Soviet Institute of Scientific Information (VINITI) and the Promise of Centralisation, 1952–1977
Authors: Hammarfelt Björn , Dahlin Johanna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Second World War, effective handling of scientific information was identified as crucial for advancement and international competitiveness. Here, we study how the Soviet Union, through the founding of The All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI), developed its own grandiose system which served researchers and engineers throughout the USSR. By studying its inception, the way it was structured, and how it relates to similar grand visions of how to organise knowledge, we provide rare insights into a partly alternative history of how scientific information was organised in the latter half of the 20th century. Based on available sources in English and Russian, we consider the ideas behind this grand initiative for acquiring international literature, as well as how it was received and presented to a foreign audience. In this effort, we put particular emphasis on the first 25 years of VINITI (1952–1977) while at the same time focusing on central ideas in its organisation such as “enrichment”, “abstracting” and “pre-printing”. A key principle emerging from our analysis is how the notion of concentration becomes a fundamental principle for its operations. Overall, the activities of VINITI can today appear as both old-fashioned, bordering on the utopian, and as visionary and modern in its abandonment of journals and traditional forms of peer review.
Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their Response to Sulfur and Water Stress
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Alok Anshu , Kaur Karambir , Gawlowska Magdalena , Tiwari Siddharth , Singh Hardeep , Swiecicki Wojciech K. , Awasthi Praveen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe WRKY gene family is widely distributed in plants and plays essential roles in plant development and stress response. Despite extensive characterization of WRKY transcription factors in many plants, a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in Pisum sativum is still lacking. The central method of this study focused on the retrieval and characterization of WRKY gene sequences in the pea genome and further looking up for their modulation in response to sulfur and water stress. This involved a combination of bioinformatics tools and gene expression study to identify, characterize, and understand the properties of the WRKY gene family in pea. In this study, 86 PsWRKY genes were identified in the pea genome, categorized into five phylogenetic groups. They were dispersed across all seven chromosomes, with Chromosome 5 showing the highest enrichment. Synteny analysis revealed orthologs of 69 PsWRKY genes in Arabidopsis and Medicago. Transcriptome analysis identified 36 differentially expressed PsWRKY genes in response to sulfur (S) stress, water (W) stress, and their combination (W + S). Real-time PCR validation confirmed significant upregulation of PsWRKY23, PsWRKY58, PsWRKY64, and PsWRKY83 under water stress, PsWRKY58 and PsWRKY84 under sulfur stress, and PsWRKY03 under combined (W + S) stress. Overall, this study provides important insights on genetic information of the WRKY gene family in Pea and its possible role in water and sulfur stress, which will help further to study these candidate WRKY gene with a future objective of understanding their role in abiotic stress.
The new political economy of the middle ages: a review essay of the medieval constitution of Liberty
Authors: Truitt Tegan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Medieval Constitution of Liberty offers a compelling new argument about the institutional origins of modern economic liberalism. Salter and Young develop the concept of polycentric sovereignty to explain the origins of assemblies (the precursors of parliaments) and free cities. In the process, they synthesize their account with alternative geographic, cultural, and institutional explanations for liberalism. I argue that, while the book generally succeeds, its central theory remains underspecified on account of its failing to analyze the concept of alienability in connection with political property rights and residual claimancy, and that its empirical contribution remains incomplete by failing to articulate a distinct role for the Church.