bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pliocene‐Pleistocene evolution of sea surface and intermediate water temperatures from the southwest Pacific
Authors: McClymont Erin L. , Elmore Aurora C. , Kender Sev , Leng Melanie J. , Greaves Mervyn , Elderfield Henry 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOver the last 5 million years, the global climate system has evolved toward a colder mean state, marked by large‐amplitude oscillations in continental ice volume. Equatorward expansion of polar waters and strengthening temperature gradients have been detected. However, the response of the mid latitudes and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is not well documented, despite the potential importance for climate feedbacks including sea ice distribution and low‐high latitude heat transport. Here we reconstruct the Pliocene‐Pleistocene history of both sea surface and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) temperatures on orbital time scales from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 593 in the Tasman Sea, southwest Pacific. We confirm overall Pliocene‐Pleistocene cooling trends in both the surface ocean and AAIW, although the patterns are complex. The Pliocene is warmer than modern, but our data suggest an equatorward displacement of the subtropical front relative to present and a poleward displacement of the subantarctic front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Two main intervals of cooling, from ~3 Ma and ~1.5 Ma, are coeval with cooling and ice sheet expansion noted elsewhere and suggest that equatorward expansion of polar water masses also characterized the southwest Pacific through the Pliocene‐Pleistocene. However, the observed trends in sea surface temperature and AAIW temperature are not identical despite an underlying link to the ACC, and intervals of unusual surface ocean warmth (~2 Ma) and large‐amplitude variability in AAIW temperatures (from ~1 Ma) highlight complex interactions between equatorward displacements of fronts associated with the ACC and/or varying poleward heat transport from the subtropics.
Skin artifact removal technique for breast cancer radar detection
Authors: Caorsi S. , Lenzi C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new model‐based skin artifact cleaning technique with the aim to remove skin reflections with good effectiveness, without introducing significant signal distortions, and without assuming a priori information on the real structure of the breast. The reference cleaning model, constituted by a two‐layer geometry skin‐adipose tissue, is oriented to all the ultrawideband radar methods able to detect the tumor starting by the knowledge of each trace recorded around the breast. All the radar signal measurements were simulated by using realistic breast models derived from the University of Wisconsin computational electromagnetic laboratory database and the finite difference time domain (FDTD)‐based open source software GprMax. First, we have searched for the best configuration for the reference cleaning model with the aim to minimize the distortions introduced on the radar signal. Second, the performance of the proposed cleaning technique has been assessed by using a breast cancer radar detection technique based on the use of artificial neural network (ANN). In order to minimize the signal distortions, we found that it was necessary to use the real skin thickness and the static Debye parameters of both skin and adipose tissue. In such a case the ANN‐based radar approach was able to detect the tumor with an accuracy of 87%. By extending the performance assessment also to the case when only average standard values are used to characterize the reference cleaning model, the detection accuracy was of 84%.
Mood Management Theory
Authors: Reinecke Leonard 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Mood management theory belongs to a larger group of theoretical approaches that address selective exposure to media content. The theory posits that media choice is a function of the current affective state of media users and follows the principle of mood optimization. While the existing empirical evidence provides substantial support for the general notion that selective exposure to media content varies as a function of the situational affective state, research also suggests that media choice does not always follow the dictate of immediate mood optimization. A number of theoretical extensions have been introduced to account for the mixed empirical evidence concerning the specific predictions of mood management theory and to explain seemingly counterhedonistic forms of media exposure.
Content Effects: Personal and Public Health
Authors: Dutta Mohan J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Media and health are deeply intertwined, both in the realm of positive health effects of the media content and in that of negative effects. Media effects have been studied in the area of individual beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as well as in the domains of public opinion and policy‐making. In addition to examining the effects of the media on personal and public health, one could categorize media effects themselves as intended or unintended health effects. In examining the relationship between media and health, this entry highlights several problems of assessing causality in the realm of health in general, with possible intervening or moderating factors such as physical situation, environmental developments, structural determinants, cultural context, and so on, which are always relevant.
Public Relations: Media Effects
Authors: Raupp Juliana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Public relations efforts are directed toward the news media as well as toward different stakeholder groups. In order to draw conclusions on public relations effects, the observed effects have to be related to the corresponding public relations efforts. Media effects research in public relations involves different areas of study: the relationship between journalists and public relations practitioners, the agenda‐building capacity of public relations, and direct effects of public relations messages on publics or key stakeholders. A distinctive feature of public relations effects research is the measurement of relationships. In all areas of study of public relations media effects, researchers now integrate questions on the impact of online media.
Interactivity
Authors: Quiring Oliver 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Interactivity is a central concept for the analysis of social communication, whether mediated or not. This entry concentrates on the analysis of the role of interactivity in mediated communication processes by explaining the origins and basic dimensions of the concept, some selected areas of research and theoretical concepts related to it, and the different methods and operationalizations used in the empirical investigation of interactivity. It ends with a summary of the effects of interactivity from three different perspectives: interactivity as a dependent variable; effects of interactivity on interactivity (i.e., on itself); and interactivity as an independent variable.
Understanding Roman Architecture From A Distance: Sir Christopher Wren on the Temples of Peace and of Mars the Avenger
Authors: van Eck Caroline 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The large majority of British architects in the seventeenth century had not seen Greek or Roman architecture with their own eyes. This chapter considers the process of grasping Roman architecture from a distance, starting with the first English editions of Serlio, Scamozzi, and Vignola. The main part of the chapter is devoted to the descriptions Sir Christopher Wren wrote of two Roman monuments, the Temple of Peace and the Temple of Mars the Avenger, without ever having set eyes on them. These texts document the change from the first efforts to learn how to handle the classical orders to a critical analysis of Roman buildings that is informed by Wren's experimental attitude. At the same time, while Wren subjects Roman architecture to empirical scrutiny like any other natural or artificial phenomenon, he brings to its understanding the same rhetorical and emblematic knowledge as his sixteenth‐ and seventeenth‐century predecessors used. His
Tracts
thus stand at an important crossroads in European architectural thought. They move away from Renaissance deference to classical authority toward critical scrutiny based on the new empirical science that was developed at the Royal Society, of which Wren was a founding member, and thus prepared the way for Enlightenment revisions of Vitruvianism. At the same time, paradoxically, by bringing to bear traditional early modern rhetorical and emblematic modes of thought on the problem of the meaning and expressive character of the orders, Wren announces eighteenth‐century approaches to design that would start from the effect of a building on the spectator, of which the Picturesque is the most obvious instance.
The Chemical Shift Baseline for High‐Pressure NMR Spectra of Proteins
Authors: Frach Roland , Kibies Patrick , Böttcher Saraphina , Pongratz Tim , Strohfeldt Steven , Kurrmann Simon , Koehler Joerg , Hofmann Martin , Kremer Werner , Kalbitzer Hans Robert , Reiser Oliver , Horinek Dominik , Kast Stefan M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh‐pressure (HP) NMR spectroscopy is an important method for detecting rare functional states of proteins by analyzing the pressure response of chemical shifts. However, for the analysis of the shifts it is mandatory to understand the origin of the observed pressure dependence. Here we present experimental HP NMR data on the 15N‐enriched peptide bond model, N‐methylacetamide (NMA), in water, combined with quantum‐chemical computations of the magnetic parameters using a pressure‐sensitive solvation model. Theoretical analysis of NMA and the experimentally used internal reference standard 4,4‐dimethyl‐4‐silapentane‐1‐sulfonic (DSS) reveal that a substantial part of observed shifts can be attributed to purely solvent‐induced electronic polarization of the backbone. DSS is only marginally responsive to pressure changes and is therefore a reliable sensor for variations in the local magnetic field caused by pressure‐induced changes of the magnetic susceptibility of the solvent.
Adhesive and viscoelastic performance of surface functionalized nano‐Fe3O4 induced orientated ethylene vinyl‐acetate composite hot melt adhesives
Authors: He Xianru , Lu Xiaobin , Chen Qian , Zhang Rui 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDifferent surface functionalized Fe3O4 were added to ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymers (EVA) composite hot melt adhesives (HMAs) to study their influence on the properties of composite HMAs. The adhesion and viscoelastic properties for HMAs were studied using an electromechanical universal testing machine, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and parallel‐plate rheometer, respectively. Orientation structure of HMAs was studied by Infrared dichroism. The results showed that tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) treated Fe3O4 showed better compatibility with EVA composite HMAs, and that TEOS‐treated Fe3O4/EVA composite HMAs presented better adhesion property and processing fluidity, compared with bare Fe3O4/EVA composite HMAs and silane coupling agent KH560 treated Fe3O4/EVA composite HMAs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43931.
Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon and prenatal counseling: a case series
Authors: Beissel Anne , Riou Stéphanie , Fischer Fumeaux Céline Julie , Cassart Marie , Blanc Sébastien , Claris Olivier , Guibaud Laurent 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageKasabach–Merritt phenomenon can be encountered in the perinatal period. No consensus exists regarding prenatal management. We report one prenatal case leading to therapeutic abortion and one neonatal case, successfully treated by a multimodal therapy. Prenatal counseling should include the possibility of neonatal multimodal treatment that can lead to favorable outcomes.
Clinical mutational profiling of bone metastases of lung and colon carcinoma and malignant melanoma using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Zheng Gang , Lin Ming‐Tseh , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Beierl Katie , Netto George J. , Gocke Christopher D. , Eshleman James R. , McCarthy Edward , Illei Peter B. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDBone is a common metastatic site for solid tumors and is often the only source for molecular testing. Current routine decalcification protocols for the processing of bone specimens damage nucleic acids, leading to a high failure rate.METHODSIn this retrospective quality‐assessment analysis, preanalytic factors that contributed to the failure of mutational profiling in metastatic bone specimens were evaluated using a next‐generation sequencing assay.RESULTSMutational profiling was conducted in 33 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded bone lesions that were submitted to a clinical laboratory. Adequate depth of coverage was obtained in 21 specimens, of which, 16 had mutations detected. “No results” were reported in 12 specimens because the NGS assay failed. There was a significantly higher failure rate in bone specimens compared with nonbone specimens (36% vs 2.3%, respectively). Although nonbone specimens had a higher failure rate in biopsy/fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, in‐house bone biopsy/FNA specimens with or without short‐duration surface decalcification had a lower failure rate than resected bone specimens (11% vs 60%, respectively). The high failure rate in resected metastatic bone specimens was associated with regular decalcification but not with low DNA input.CONCLUSIONSNext‐generation sequencing assays demonstrated clinical utility in metastatic bone specimens. FNA (smear and cell block) and core‐biopsy specimens provided adequate resources of nucleic acids for molecular profiling of metastatic bone lesions. The current findings suggest the need for developing specific tissue procurement and processing protocols for bone metastases and greater use of small biopsy and FNA specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:744–53. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
GPER/GPR30, a membrane estrogen receptor, is expressed in the brain and retina of a social fish (Carassius auratus) and colocalizes with isotocin
Authors: Mangiamele Lisa A. , Gomez Julia R. , Curtis Nancy J. , Thompson Richmond R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTEstradiol rapidly (within 30 minutes) influences a variety of sociosexual behaviors in both mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates, including goldfish, in which it rapidly stimulates approach responses to the visual cues of females. Such rapid neuromodulatory effects are likely mediated via membrane‐associated estrogen receptors; however, the localization and distribution of such receptors within the nervous system is not well described. To begin to address this gap, we identified GPER/GPR30, a G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor, in goldfish (Carassius auratus) neural tissue and used reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization to test if GPR30 is expressed in the brain regions that might mediate visually guided social behaviors in males. We then used immunohistochemistry to determine whether GPR30 colocalizes with isotocin‐producing cells in the preoptic area, a critical node in the highly conserved vertebrate social behavior network. We used quantitative (q)PCR to test whether GPR30 mRNA levels differ in males in breeding vs. nonbreeding condition and in males that were socially interacting with a female vs. a rival male. Our results show that GPR30 is expressed in the retina and in many brain regions that receive input from the retina and/or optic tectum, as well as in a few nodes in the social behavior network, including cell populations that produce isotocin. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:252–270, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Efficient Targeted Mutagenesis System Using CRISPR/Cas in Monocotyledons
Authors: Liang Zhen , Zong Yuan , Gao Caixia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrecise genome modification using artificial nucleases is a powerful tool for in‐depth understanding of gene functions and for creating new varieties. The CRISPR/Cas system, derived from an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and archaea, can introduce DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) into pre‐selected genomic loci and lead to loss of gene function due to error‐prone non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). RNA‐guided nucleases have been widely used in several eukaryotic organisms. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for designing and constructing gRNA targets, detecting nuclease activity in transient protoplast assays, and identifying mutations in transgenic plants (including rice, wheat and maize). Targeted mutations in T0 plants can be generated in 14 to 18 weeks. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative Auxin Metabolite Profiling Using Stable Isotope Dilution UHPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Novák Ondřej , Pěnčík Aleš , Blahoušek Ota , Ljung Karin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAuxin, a plant hormone, is able to stimulate growth and to control developmental processes. To get a deeper level of understanding of how auxin activity is regulated in planta, we have developed a sensitive and selective mass spectrometry‐based protocol for multiplex quantification of indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA) as well as its precursors and degradation products. As part of the protocol development, we have also established a derivatization protocol for the IAA precursors IPyA and IAAld, compounds that are highly labile during sample extraction and purification. This article describes a standard isotope dilution method for quantitative profiling of the IAA metabolome in small amounts of plant tissues. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cyclic nucleotide signaling is required during synaptic refinement at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
Authors: Vonhoff Fernando , Keshishian Haig 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe removal of miswired synapses is a fundamental prerequisite for normal circuit development, leading to clinical problems when aberrant. However, the underlying activity‐dependent molecular mechanisms involved in synaptic pruning remain incompletely resolved. Here the dynamic properties of intracellular calcium oscillations and a role for cAMP signaling during synaptic refinement in intact Drosophila embryos were examined using optogenetic tools. We provide In vivo evidence at the single gene level that the calcium‐dependent adenylyl cyclase rutabaga, the phosphodiesterase dunce, the kinase PKA, and Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) all operate within a functional signaling pathway to modulate Sema2a‐dependent chemorepulsion. It was found that presynaptic cAMP levels were required to be dynamically maintained at an optimal level to suppress connectivity defects. It was also proposed that PP1 may serve as a molecular link between cAMP signaling and CaMKII in the pathway underlying refinement. The results introduced an in vivo model where presynaptic cAMP levels, downstream of electrical activity and calcium influx, act via PKA and PP1 to modulate the neuron's response to chemorepulsion involved in the withdrawal of off‐target synaptic contacts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 39–60, 2017
Mating system, population growth, and management scenario for Kalanchoe pinnata in an invaded seasonally dry tropical forest
Authors: González de León Salvador , Herrera Ileana , Guevara Roger 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEcological invasions are a major issue worldwide, where successful invasion depends on traits that facilitate dispersion, establishment, and population growth. The nonnative succulent plant Kalanchoe pinnata, reported as invasive in some countries, is widespread in remnants of seasonally dry tropical forest on a volcanic outcrop with high conservation value in east‐central Mexico where we assessed its mating system and demographic growth and identified management strategies. To understand its local mating system, we conducted hand‐pollination treatments, germination, and survival experiments. Based on the experimental data, we constructed a life‐stage population matrix, identified the key traits for population growth, weighted the contributions of vegetative and sexual reproduction, and evaluated management scenarios. Hand‐pollination treatments had slight effects on fruit and seed setting, as well as on germination. With natural pollination treatment, the successful germination of seeds from only 2/39 fruit suggests occasional effective natural cross‐pollination. The ratios of the metrics for self‐ and cross‐pollinated flowers suggest that K. pinnata is partially self‐compatible. Most of the pollinated flowers developed into fruit, but the seed germination and seedling survival rates were low. Thus, vegetative propagation and juvenile survival are the main drivers of population growth. Simulations of a virtual K. pinnata population suggest that an intense and sustained weeding campaign will reduce the population within at least 10 years. Synthesis and applications. The study population is partially self‐compatible, but sexual reproduction by K. pinnata is limited at the study site, and population growth is supported by vegetative propagation and juvenile survival. Demographic modeling provides key insights and realistic forecasts on invasion process and therefore is useful to design management strategies.
Al2O3/TiO2 double layer anti‐reflection coating film for crystalline silicon solar cells formed by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Kanda Hiroyuki , Uzum Abdullah , Harano Norihisa , Yoshinaga Seiya , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Uraoka Yukiharu , Fukui Hidehito , Harada Tomitaro , Ito Seigo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn Al2O3/TiO2 double layer anti‐reflection coating (ARC) film formed by spray pyrolysis was introduced for monocrystalline silicon solar cells as the nonvacuum processing method. The thickness of the Al2O3 layer and TiO2 compact layer was controlled by the volume of deposited precursor solution and confirmed by ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy. The average photovoltaic properties of photocurrent density (Jsc), open‐circuit photovoltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and photo energy conversion efficiency (η) were 37.0 mA/cm2, 590 mV, 0.712, and 15.5%, respectively. A significant improvement on Jsc and η could be confirmed owing to the Al2O3/TiO2 ARC. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and optical simulation with modeling for the reflectance properties confirmed that C‐H‐based organics remained after the deposition of thin films.
Anticholinergic effect on cognition (AEC) of drugs commonly used in older people
Authors: Bishara Delia , Harwood Daniel , Sauer Justin , Taylor David M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveUse of anticholinergic drugs in older people is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and of dementia and death.MethodWe identified drugs widely used in older people and attempted to classify their anticholinergic effect on cognition (AEC) according to our three‐point scale which scored AEC according to in vitro anticholinergic potency, capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier and statements made in standard texts.ResultsIn total, 165 drugs were examined. We identified 21 drugs with an AEC score of 3, 18 with a score of 2, 21 with a score of 1 and 62 with a score of 0. Owing to insufficient information, we were unable to classify 43 drugs.ConclusionsA large number of drugs commonly used in older people are likely to be associated with cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.