bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business relationship framework in Indonesia: relationship marketing vs transaction cost
Authors: Setyawan Anton Agus , Purwanto Bernardinus Maria , Dharmmesta Basu Swastha , Nugroho Sahid Susilo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore business relationship framework between two companies. In this research, relationship marketing and transaction cost were used as frameworks to analyze business relationship of two different kinds of companies in Indonesia, oil company and hypermarket. Gronroos (1994) defines relationship marketing is establishing, maintaining and enhancing relationships with customers and other partners, at a profit, so that the objectives of the parties involved are met. This is achieved by a mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises. This definition is a key to analyze the relationship of retailer and their supplier. In contrast, Williamson (1980) argued that relationship in business organization is based on their economic interest, and this approach is known as transaction cost approach. In this kind of relationship, business organizations consider cost and benefit of business relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
– The design of this study is triangulation. Two approaches were used to answer the research questions. A survey involving 204 respondents was conducted. These are companies in Indonesia oil and gas and retail industries. The types of power of those companies were analyzed using descriptive statistic and paired t test. Also, case study was conducted to gain depth information of two companies, with a large number of business partners among the respondents. The design of case study is holistic case study.

Findings
– The result shows that, in the oil company, the relationship between a company and their supplier is tied on a strict contract. In fact, the relationship of supplier and company in a fuel company based on transaction cost theory. In the retail company, the relationship of supplier and retailer based on trust, commitment and satisfaction. Those three construct are the foundation of relationship marketing. Companies in those two industries tend to use non-coercive power to influence their business partners.

Originality/value
– This study analyzes type of business relationship in industries in emerging markets. It also discusses type of influence strategy used by companies to control their business partners to gain mutual benefit.
Designing innovative business models with a framework that promotes experimentation
Authors: Wrigley Cara , Straker Karla 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Business models to date have remained the creation of management, however, it is the belief of the authors that designers should be critically approaching, challenging and creating new business models as part of their practice. This belief portrays a new era where business model constructs become the new design brief of the future and fuel design and innovation to work together at the strategic level of an organisation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate business model design. The research followed a deductive structured qualitative content analysis approach utilizing a predetermined categorization matrix. The analysis of forty business cases uncovered commonalities of key strategic drivers behind these innovative business models.

Findings
– Five business model typologies were derived from this content analysis, from which quick prototypes of new business models can be created.

Research limitations/implications
– Implications from this research suggest there is no “one right” model, but rather through experimentation, the generation of many unique and diverse concepts can result in greater possibilities for future innovation and sustained competitive advantage.

Originality/value
– This paper builds upon the emerging research and exploration into the importance and relevance of dynamic, design-driven approaches to the creation of innovative business models. These models aim to synthesize knowledge gained from real world examples into a tangible, accessible and provoking framework that provide new prototyping templates to aid the process of business model experimentation.
Leadership and the wisdom of crowds: how to tap into the collective intelligence of an organization
Authors: Matzler Kurt , Strobl Andreas , Bailom Franz 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Under certain conditions, a mass of people can be smarter than the best expert – even if the expert is part of the group. In this paper we show how leaders can improve decision making by tapping into the collective intelligence of their organization.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on James Surowiecki’s four conditions of collective intelligence (cognitive diversity, independence, utilization of decentralized knowledge, and effective aggregation of dispersed knowledge), we discuss how leaders can tap into the wisdom of the crowd of their organizations.

Findings
– We show how leaders can increase cognitive diversity in decision making, access decentralized knowledge in their organizations, encourage individuals to contribute their knowledge without interference from peer pressure, conformity or influence from superiors, and how knowledge can effectively be aggregated to make wiser decisions.

Originality/value
– While various tools exist to reap the collective intelligence of a group, we argue that leaders also must change their attitudes and leadership styles. Using evidence from various studies and several examples we show what leaders can do to make smarter decisions.
Reconciling contradictory relationships between mobility and extinction risk in human‐altered landscapes
Authors: Martin Amanda E. , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Some empirical and theoretical studies suggest that more mobile species are less at risk in human‐altered landscapes, while others suggest the opposite.

We propose three novel hypotheses to explain these contradictory findings: (i) extinction risk increases with increasing mobility when mobility is measured as emigration, but decreases with increasing mobility when mobility is measured as immigration; (ii) the most mobile species (whether measured by emigration or immigration) in unaltered landscapes are least mobile in human‐altered landscapes, so the relationship between mobility and risk is opposite when mobility is measured in unaltered and altered landscapes; and (iii) the mobility–risk relationship is ∩‐shaped; thus, the relationship is apparently positive when studied species have low‐to‐intermediate mobility, but negative when species have intermediate‐to‐high mobility. We also evaluate a fourth hypothesis that had been previously theorized: that some landscape structures drive evolution of dispersal characteristics that increase both mobility and risk, while others drive evolution of characteristics that increase mobility and decrease risk.

To evaluate these four hypotheses, we created an individual‐based, spatially explicit simulation model to simulate population dynamics, evolution of dispersal characteristics and species response to habitat loss.

Our simulations supported the first and fourth hypotheses. Extinction risk increased with emigration rate but decreased with immigration rate. Species in landscapes with historically more abundant, less fragmented habitat and more frequent disturbance had increased risk and mobility during habitat loss, while species in landscapes with lower matrix quality had increased risk and decreased mobility.

Synthesis. This is the first study to investigate why some studies find that more mobile species are less at risk in human‐altered landscapes, while others find the opposite. Our results suggest that these contradictory relationships occur because of differences in how mobility is measured and differences in the historic structure of species' landscapes. Understanding how mobility and the historic landscape influence extinction risk can help us identify species of conservation concern. Our results suggest that we should focus on species with high emigration rates but low immigration rates, and those that evolved in landscapes with non‐fragmented habitat and high‐risk matrix.
‘Two working together is so much better than just one’: Professional support needs of primary healthcare dietitians
Authors: Beckingsale Louise , Fairbairn Kirsty , Morris Caroline 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis qualitative study explored the experiences of professional support received, and the perceptions of professional support required by New Zealand (NZ) registered dietitians working in primary health care (PHC).MethodsTwelve PHC dietitians across a range of ages, ethnic and professional backgrounds participated in individual, semistructured, face‐to‐face interviews. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsAll participants identified that professional support impacted their ability to develop the competency and confidence required to deliver effective services in the PHC setting. Four sources of intraprofessional support were described: being in a team with another dietitian, being involved in dietetic networks or peer support groups, undertaking professional supervision and having access to relevant professional development opportunities. Additionally, participants identified two sources of interprofessional support: being part of a multidisciplinary, culturally diverse team and collaborating with other PHC professionals.ConclusionsIt is evident that dietitians working in the NZ PHC sector value good professional support. This enables them to develop greater competence and confidence to work more effectively. While an essential source of professional support comes from within the dietetic profession, another important source is other PHC colleagues. Feeling part of a multidisciplinary culturally diverse PHC team and/or working in collaboration with other PHC health workers resulted in the dietitian feeling a stronger sense of interprofessional support. This aligns with NZ's current PHC strategy, supporting the development of multidisciplinary PHC teams and collaborative care to improve patient outcomes.
Increasing the power of genome wide association studies in natural populations using repeated measures – evaluation and implementation
Authors: Rönnegård Lars , McFarlane S. Eryn , Husby Arild , Kawakami Takeshi , Ellegren Hans , Qvarnström Anna 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Genomewide association studies (GWAS) enable detailed dissections of the genetic basis for organisms' ability to adapt to a changing environment. In long‐term studies of natural populations, individuals are often marked at one point in their life and then repeatedly recaptured. It is therefore essential that a method for GWAS includes the process of repeated sampling. In a GWAS, the effects of thousands of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) need to be fitted and any model development is constrained by the computational requirements. A method is therefore required that can fit a highly hierarchical model and at the same time is computationally fast enough to be useful.

Our method fits fixed SNP effects in a linear mixed model that can include both random polygenic effects and permanent environmental effects. In this way, the model can correct for population structure and model repeated measures. The covariance structure of the linear mixed model is first estimated and subsequently used in a generalized least squares setting to fit the SNP effects. The method was evaluated in a simulation study based on observed genotypes from a long‐term study of collared flycatchers in Sweden.

The method we present here was successful in estimating permanent environmental effects from simulated repeated measures data. Additionally, we found that especially for variable phenotypes having large variation between years, the repeated measurements model has a substantial increase in power compared to a model using average phenotypes as a response.

The method is available in the R package RepeatABEL. It increases the power in GWAS having repeated measures, especially for long‐term studies of natural populations, and the R implementation is expected to facilitate modelling of longitudinal data for studies of both animal and human populations.
GIS‐based multiproxy coastline reconstruction of the eastern Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea, during the Stone Age
Authors: Habicht Hando‐Laur , Rosentau Alar , Jõeleht Argo , Heinsalu Atko , Kriiska Aivar , Kohv Marko , Hang Tiit , Aunap Raivo 
Published: January 2016

We present early to mid‐Holocene palaeocoastline reconstructions for the Tolkuse‐Rannametsa area on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Riga. Radiocarbon‐dated sediment stratigraphies and diatom analyses, supported by ground‐penetrating radar data and GIS‐based modelling, were used in the palaeogeographical reconstructions to strip back younger sediments and landforms from the LiDAR‐derived digital elevation model. The reconstructions show an open coast environment during the Ancylus Lake stage and the formation of a peatland after the lake drainage at about 9000–8600 cal. a BP. The waters of the Litorina Sea flooded the study area between 8200 and 7700 cal. a BP, forming a 25‐km‐long and up to 5.5‐m‐deep lagoon with two connections to the sea. This brackish water lagoon existed in the area for about 4000 years and terminated around 3800–3500 cal. a BP as a result of isostatic uplift and growth of the barrier spit. The reconstructions illustrate the relationships between the lagoonal system and three Mesolithic and Neolithic settlement sites found in the study area. A comparative analysis which besides palaeogeographical and ecological data included a data set with more than 100 Stone Age sites from the eastern Baltic region, was used to propose the most suitable locations for coastal settlements in the Tolkuse‐Rannametsa area. However, some of these areas are presently covered by a peat layer that is several metres thick, which may explain the relative scarcity of the archaeological finds on the shores of the palaeo‐lagoon. The proposed multiproxy approach has the capability to delimit the areas that would have been favourable for prehistoric habitation, but might not be observable in the present‐day topography. In return, this increases the likelihood of locating any well‐preserved preserved settlement sites and artefacts that are buried under the protective sediment layer.
The novel nonapeptide acein targets angiotensin converting enzyme in the brain and induces dopamine release
Authors: Neasta Jérémie , Valmalle Charlène , Coyne Anne‐Claire , Carnazzi Eric , Subra Gilles , Galleyrand Jean‐Claude , Gagne Didier , M'Kadmi Céline , Bernad Nicole , Bergé Gilbert , Cantel Sonia , Marin Philippe , Marie Jacky , Banères Jean‐Louis , Kemel Marie‐Lou , Daugé Valérie , Puget Karine , Martinez Jean 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeUsing an in‐house bioinformatics programme, we identified and synthesized a novel nonapeptide, H‐Pro‐Pro‐Thr‐Thr‐Thr‐Lys‐Phe‐Ala‐Ala‐OH. Here, we have studied its biological activity, in vitro and in vivo, and have identified its target in the brain.Experimental ApproachThe affinity of the peptide was characterized using purified whole brain and striatal membranes from guinea pigs and rats . Its effect on behaviour in rats following intra‐striatal injection of the peptide was investigated. A photoaffinity UV cross‐linking approach combined with subsequent affinity purification of the ligand covalently bound to its receptor allowed identification of its target.Key ResultsThe peptide bound with high affinity to a single class of binding sites, specifically localized in the striatum and substantia nigra of brains from guinea pigs and rats. When injected within the striatum of rats, the peptide stimulated in vitro and in vivo dopamine release and induced dopamine‐like motor effects. We purified the target of the peptide, a ~151 kDa protein that was identified by MS/MS as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE I). Therefore, we decided to name the peptide acein.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe synthetic nonapeptide acein interacted with high affinity with brain membrane‐bound ACE. This interaction occurs at a different site from the active site involved in the well‐known peptidase activity, without modifying the peptidase activity. Acein, in vitro and in vivo, significantly increased stimulated release of dopamine from the brain. These results suggest a more important role for brain ACE than initially suspected.
Adverse birth outcomes and childhood caries: a cohort study
Authors: Nirunsittirat Areerat , Pitiphat Waranuch , McKinney Christy Michelle , DeRouen Timothy A. , Chansamak Nusara , Angwaravong Onauma , Patcharanuchat Piyachat , Pimpak Taksin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between adverse birth outcomes and dental caries in primary teeth.MethodsThis study included children in Khon Kaen, Thailand, who participated in the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children. Preterm was defined as a birth at <37 weeks gestation, low birthweight (LBW) as birthweight <2500 g, and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) as birthweight <10th percentile of expected weight for gestational age. Two calibrated dentists measured dental caries in primary teeth when the children were 3–4 years old using decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs) index following the World Health Organization criteria. We used negative binomial regression with generalize linear models to estimate relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for confounding factors. Of 758 children with gestational age data and 833 with birthweight data, the 544 (follow‐up rate of 71.8% in preterm and 65.3% in LBW) who had dental data available were included in the analysis.ResultsDental caries was observed in 480 children (88.2%), with a mean dmfs of 14.3 (standard deviation 12.8). The adjusted RR for dental caries was 0.61 (95% CI 0.43, 0.85) for preterm, 0.89 (95% CI 0.67, 1.21) for LBW, and 0.96 (95% CI 0.74, 1.26) for SGA.ConclusionsThere was an inverse association between preterm and childhood caries. LBW and SGA were not associated with dental caries in this population.
Better practices for reporting on conservation
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. , Walker Susan , Theo Stephens R. T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTrend indicators are the primary approach used for reporting on biodiversity worldwide, but often poorly inform conservation policy and management. Here, we show how the field of systematic conservation planning offers approaches for biodiversity reporting to foster better adaptation and accountability by estimating the difference made by conservation interventions; identifying how changes in biodiversity contribute to conservation goals, accounting for unequal and complementary contributions; and evaluating cost‐effectiveness of interventions. By recognizing that biodiversity reporting and conservation prioritization must inform each other as an adaptive process, we show how they share data needs and methodologies, including distributions and abundances of features and pressures, predictions of future changes in features under different pressures, distributions of different interventions and their associated costs, and stepwise models aggregating contributions to an overall goal. Incorporating prioritization‐based approaches into biodiversity reporting will enable more robust conservation decisions than would be possible based on simple trend indicators.
Upregulation and axonal transport of synaptotagmin‐IV in the direct‐pathway medium spiny neurons in hemi‐parkinsonian rats induced by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation
Authors: Tratnjek Larisa , Glavan Gordana , Višnjar Tanja , Živin Marko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSynaptotagmin‐IV (Syt‐IV) may function as a regulator of Ca2+‐dependent synaptic transmission. In the hemi‐parkinsonian rats with unilateral lesions of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons Syt‐IV and substance‐P (SP) mRNAs could be upregulated within the dopaminergically hypersensitive striatum of the lesioned brain hemisphere via the stimulation of striatal dopamine D1 (D1‐R), but not D2 receptors. The hypersensitive D1‐R‐mediated transmission may be the culprit for the undesired expression of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, implying the involvement of Syt‐IV and SP in the process. First, striatal cellular phenotypes expressing Syt‐IV were determined. It was found to be expressed in all striatal neurons and a small population of astrocytes. Then it was examined, if the D1‐R‐mediated upregulation of Syt‐IV mRNA may result in the upregulation of the translated protein. It was found that, after acute stimulation with a selective D1 agonist, (±)‐6‐chloro‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐allyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine hydrobromide (SKF‐82958), Syt‐IV was elevated within the SP‐expressing striatal neurons of the lesioned side. This was followed by the upregulation of Syt‐IV, but not of its mRNA, within the ipsilateral target nuclei of the direct‐pathway medium spiny neurons, indicating axonal transport of de novo synthesized protein to their SP‐positive synaptic terminals. However, despite the striatal upregulation of SP and Syt‐IV following a similar time‐course, their subcellular co‐localization within the axonal terminals was not found. It was therefore suggested that Syt‐IV may regulate the hypersensitive striatal synaptic transmission, although via a SP‐independent mechanism.
Deciphering phonemes from syllables in blood oxygenation level‐dependent signals in human superior temporal gyrus
Authors: Zhang Qingtian , Hu Xiaolin , Luo Huan , Li Jianmin , Zhang Xiaolu , Zhang Bo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLinguistic units such as phonemes and syllables are important for speech perception. How the brain encodes these units is not well understood. Many neuroimaging studies have found distinct representations of consonant–vowel syllables that shared one phoneme and differed in the other phoneme (e.g. /ba/ and /da/), but it is unclear whether this discrimination ability is due to the neural coding of phonemes or syllables. We combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with multivariate pattern analysis to explore this question. Subjects listened to nine Mandarin syllables in a consonant–vowel form. We successfully decoded phonemes from the syllables based on the blood oxygenation level‐dependent signals in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Specifically, a classifier trained on the cortical patterns elicited by a set of syllables, which contained two phonemes, could distinguish the cortical patterns elicited by other syllables that contained the two phonemes. The results indicated that phonemes have unique representations in the STG. In addition, there was a categorical effect, i.e. the cortical patterns of consonants were similar, and so were the cortical patterns of vowels. Further analysis showed that phonemes exhibited stronger encoding specificity in the mid‐STG than in the anterior STG.