bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching of a large anomalous Hall effect between metamagnetic phases of a non-collinear antiferromagnet
Authors: Sürgers Christoph , Wolf Thomas , Adelmann Peter , Kittler Wolfram , Fischer Gerda , Löhneysen Hilbert v. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe anomalous Hall effect (AHE), which in long-range ordered ferromagnets appears as a voltage transverse to the current and usually is proportional to the magnetization, often is believed to be of negligible size in antiferromagnets due to their low uniform magnetization. However, recent experiments and theory have demonstrated that certain antiferromagnets with a non-collinear arrangement of magnetic moments exhibit a sizeable spontaneous AHE at zero field due to a non-vanishing Berry curvature arising from the quantum mechanical phase of the electron’s wave functions. Here we show that antiferromagnetic Mn5Si3 single crystals exibit a large AHE which is strongly anisotropic and shows multiple transitions with sign changes at different magnetic fields due to field-induced rearrangements of the magnetic structure despite only tiny variations of the total magnetization. The presence of multiple non-collinear magnetic phases offers the unique possiblity to explore the details of the AHE and the sensitivity of the Hall effect on the details of the magnetic texture.
Role of relativity in high-pressure phase transitions of thallium
Authors: Kotmool Komsilp , Chakraborty Sudip , Bovornratanaraks Thiti , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate the relativistic effects in high-pressure phase transitions of heavy element thallium. The known first phase transition from h.c.p. to f.c.c. is initially investigated by various relativistic levels and exchange-correlation functionals as implemented in FPLO method, as well as scalar relativistic scheme within PAW formalism. The electronic structure calculations are interpreted from the perspective of energetic stability and electronic density of states. The full relativistic scheme (FR) within L(S)DA performs to be the scheme that resembles mostly with experimental results with a transition pressure of 3 GPa. The s-p hybridization and the valence-core overlapping of 6s and 5d states are the primary reasons behind the f.c.c. phase occurrence. A recent proposed phase, i.e., a body-centered tetragonal (b.c.t.) phase, is confirmed with a small distortion from the f.c.c. phase. We have also predicted a reversible b.c.t. → f.c.c. phase transition at 800 GPa. This finding has been suggested that almost all the III-A elements (Ga, In and Tl) exhibit the b.c.t. → f.c.c. phase transition at extremely high pressure.
Genome-wide primary transcriptome analysis of H2-producing archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1
Authors: Cho Suhyung , Kim Min-Sik , Jeong Yujin , Lee Bo-Rahm , Lee Jung-Hyun , Kang Sung Gyun , Cho Byung-Kwan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn spite of their pivotal roles in transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, the regulatory elements of archaeal genomes are not yet fully understood. Here, we determine the primary transcriptome of the H2-producing archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. We identified 1,082 purine-rich transcription initiation sites along with well-conserved TATA box, A-rich B recognition element (BRE), and promoter proximal element (PPE) motif in promoter regions, a high pyrimidine nucleotide content (T/C) at the −1 position, and Shine-Dalgarno (SD) motifs (GGDGRD) in 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs). Along with differential transcript levels, 117 leaderless genes and 86 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were identified, representing diverse cellular functions and potential regulatory functions under the different growth conditions. Interestingly, we observed low GC content in ncRNAs for RNA-based regulation via unstructured forms or interaction with other cellular components. Further comparative analysis of T. onnurineus upstream regulatory sequences with those of closely related archaeal genomes demonstrated that transcription of orthologous genes are initiated by highly conserved promoter sequences, however their upstream sequences for transcriptional and translational regulation are largely diverse. These results provide the genetic information of T. onnurineus for its future application in metabolic engineering.
The importance of pollen chemistry in evolutionary host shifts of bees
Authors: Vanderplanck Maryse , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Grumiau Laurent , Esposito Fabiana , Lognay Georges , Wattiez Ruddy , Michez Denis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough bee-plant associations are generally maintained through speciation processes, host shifts have occurred during evolution. Understanding shifts between both phylogenetically and morphologically unrelated plants (i.e., host-saltation) is especially important since they could have been key processes in the origin and radiation of bees. Probably far from being a random process, such host-saltation might be driven by hidden constraints associated with plant traits. We selected two clades of oligolectic bees (i.e., Colletes succinctus group and Melitta leporina group) foraging on co-flowering but unrelated host-plants to test this hypothesis. We analyzed floral scent, floral color and chemical composition of pollen from host and non-host plants of these two clades. We did not find evidence for host-plant evolution in the Melitta leporina group driven by one of the assayed floral traits. On the contrary, hosts of the C. succinctus group display similar primary nutritive content of pollen (i.e., amino acids and sterols) but not similar floral scent or color, suggesting that shared pollen chemistry probably mediates saltation in this clade. Our study revealed that constraints shaping floral associations are diverse and clearly depend on species life-history traits, but evidence suggests that pollen chemistry may act as a major floral filter and guide evolutionary host-shifts.
Targeted RP9 ablation and mutagenesis in mouse photoreceptor cells by CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Lv Ji-Neng , Zhou Gao-Hui , Chen Xuejiao , Chen Hui , Wu Kun-Chao , Xiang Lue , Lei Xin-Lan , Zhang Xiao , Wu Rong-Han , Jin Zi-Bing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrecursor messenger RNA (Pre-mRNA) splicing is an essential biological process in eukaryotic cells. Genetic mutations in many spliceosome genes confer human eye diseases. Mutations in the pre-mRNA splicing factor, RP9 (also known as PAP1), predispose autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) with an early onset and severe vision loss. However, underlying molecular mechanisms of the RP9 mutation causing photoreceptor degeneration remains fully unknown. Here, we utilize the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate both the Rp9 gene knockout (KO) and point mutation knock in (KI) (Rp9, c.A386T, P.H129L) which is analogous to the reported one in the retinitis pigmentosa patients (RP9, c.A410T, P.H137L) in 661 W retinal photoreceptor cells in vitro. We found that proliferation and migration were significantly decreased in the mutated cells. Gene expression profiling by RNA-Seq demonstrated that RP associated genes, Fscn2 and Bbs2, were down-regulated in the mutated cells. Furthermore, pre-mRNA splicing of the Fscn2 gene was markedly affected. Our findings reveal a functional relationship between the ubiquitously expressing RP9 and the disease-specific gene, thereafter provide a new insight of disease mechanism in RP9-related retinitis pigmentosa.
Elliptical polarization of near-resonant linearly polarized probe light in optically pumped alkali metal vapor
Authors: Li Yingying , Wang Zhiguo , Jin Shilong , Yuan Jie , Luo Hui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOptically pumped alkali metal atoms currently provide a sensitive solution for magnetic microscopic measurements. As the most practicable plan, Faraday rotation of linearly polarized light is extensively used in spin polarization measurements of alkali metal atoms. In some cases, near-resonant Faraday rotation is applied to improve the sensitivity. However, the near-resonant linearly polarized probe light is elliptically polarized after passing through optically pumped alkali metal vapor. The ellipticity of transmitted near-resonant probe light is numerically calculated and experimentally measured. In addition, we also analyze the negative impact of elliptical polarization on Faraday rotation measurements. From our theoretical estimate and experimental results, the elliptical polarization forms an inevitable error in spin polarization measurements.
Laufzeitenanalyse der Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) – Wie sind die Leistungsanforderungen zu taxieren?
Authors: Gasser Benedikt 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Problemstellung Skitouren erfreut sich zunehmender Beliebtheit wobei die Entwicklungen im Ski- und Materialbereich erstaunlich sind und vermutet werden darf, dass physiologisch vergleichbare Belastungen heute viel einfacher vollbracht werden können als früher. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde sodann für die Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) – das größte und bekannteste Skitourenrennen der Schweiz – die Frage adressiert, wie sich die Laufzeiten in den letzten Jahren entwickelten und was sich für Empfehlungen für teilnehmende Alpinisten ergeben.
Methoden Die durchschnittlichen Zeiten der letzten zehn Jahre wurden für die Originalstrecke von Zermatt nach Arolla bis Verbier jeweils für eine Spitzenkohorten (die ersten zehn Rangplätze) und eine Mediankohorte (die mittleren Rangplätze) kategorienweise analysiert.
Ergebnisse Eher gegenteilig zu den Erwartungen resultierte eine tendenzielle Zunahme der durchschnittlichen Laufzeiten in den letzten zehn Jahren. Das Gros der Patrouillen läuft die Strecke im Bereich um 12 h, was die hohe Leistungsdichte an der PDG verdeutlicht. Weiter ist zu vermuten, dass um 40 Jahre das Leistungsmaximum für solche Ultrabelastungen liegen.
Diskussion Aufgrund der wachsenden Nachfrage zur Teilnahme ist zu vermuten, dass die Organisatoren einer immer breiter werdenden Zahl von Alpinisten eine Teilnahme an der PDG ermöglichen wollen. Dies hat vermutlich zur Konsequenz, dass auch Breitensportler vermehrt teilnehmen, was zu einem Anstieg der durchschnittlichen Laufzeiten in den vergangenen zehn Jahren führte. Trotzdem läuft ein Gros der Patrouillen die Strecke von 110 Leistungskilometer im Bereich von 12 h, was nur bei entsprechendem Trainingsstand möglich ist und im Hinblick auf eine allfällige Teilnahme berücksichtigt werden sollte.
Theoretical and methodological trends of agenda-setting theory
Authors: Kim Yeojin , Kim Youngju , Zhou Shuhua 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Through a thematic meta-analysis, the current study examined theoretical, topical, and methodological trends of agenda-setting research over time from 1972 through 2015. Research trends, topics, media, methods, and utilization of other theories in agendasetting studies were discussed along with the evolution of the theoretical map of agenda-setting studies. Findings indicated that the number of agenda-setting research studies has been increasing over time, along with the expansion of research topics, media, methods, and use of other theories. This study provided a general overview of agenda-setting studies as well as new insights for future research trends and directions.
Attribute agenda setting and information overload
Authors: Saldaña Magdalena 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The compelling argument concept, one of the least studied components of attribute agenda setting, suggests that some attributes increase the salience of an object on the public agenda of issues. By conducting two studies, this article examines the compelling argument concept applying both manual content analysis (Study 1) and computerized-analysis tools (Study 2), considering frequency and degree centrality as measures of attribute salience. Results show that the application of computer-aided methods and mathematical techniques can efficiently identify attributes and estimate degree centrality, which are the core elements of the second and third level of the agenda-setting theory, respectively. Also, findings indicate that absolute frequency, rather than the presence or absence of an attribute in a news story, is a more parsimonious measure of redundancy to identify compelling arguments in news stories. This study proposes methodological innovations that further expand the scope of attribute agenda setting in the big data landscape.
Surface modification of D36 steel by ultrasonic impact with electropulsing
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Haibo , Tang Guoyi , Song Guolin 
Published: February 2017

The present work investigated the effect of ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) assisted with electropulsing (EP) on the microstructure of D36 low-carbon steel. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were employed to reveal the microstructural evolution of the specimen subjected to the treatment. In comparison with UIT solely, a higher hardness on the superficial layer was obtained by EP-UIT and the fracture on treated surface was avoided effectively which meant a better plasticity. The electron back scatter diffraction analysis indicated a high density of low-angle boundary network owing to the large strain introduced. The distinguishing features of EP-UIT were ascribed to the athermal effect of drifting electrons which facilitate the mobilising of dislocations in the deformation. This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
Personalizing lung cancer risk prediction and imaging follow-up recommendations using the National Lung Screening Trial dataset
Authors: Hostetter Jason M , Morrison James J , Morris Michael , Jeudy Jean , Wang Kenneth C , Siegel Eliot 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objective
To demonstrate a data-driven method for personalizing lung cancer risk prediction using a large clinical dataset.

Materials and Methods
An algorithm was used to categorize nodules found in the first screening year of the National Lung Screening Trial as malignant or nonmalignant. Risk of malignancy for nodules was calculated based on size criteria according to the Fleischner Society recommendations from 2005, along with the additional discriminators of pack-years smoking history, sex, and nodule location. Imaging follow-up recommendations were assigned according to Fleischner size category malignancy risk.

Results
Nodule size correlated with malignancy risk as predicted by the Fleischner Society recommendations. With the additional discriminators of smoking history, sex, and nodule location, significant risk stratification was observed. For example, men with ≥60 pack-years smoking history and upper lobe nodules measuring &gt;4 and ≤6 mm demonstrated significantly increased risk of malignancy at 12.4% compared to the mean of 3.81% for similarly sized nodules (P &lt; .0001).
Based on personalized malignancy risk, 54% of nodules &gt;4 and ≤6 mm were reclassified to longer-term follow-up than recommended by Fleischner. Twenty-seven percent of nodules ≤4 mm were reclassified to shorter-term follow-up.

Discussion
Using available clinical datasets such as the National Lung Screening Trial in conjunction with locally collected datasets can help clinicians provide more personalized malignancy risk predictions and follow-up recommendations.

Conclusion
By incorporating 3 demographic data points, the risk of lung nodule malignancy within the Fleischner categories can be considerably stratified and more personalized follow-up recommendations can be made.
A cell-topography based mechanism for ligand discrimination by the T-cell receptor
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo A. , Ganzinger Kristina A. , Tzou Justin , Jönsson Peter , Lee Steven F. , Palayret Matthieu , Santos Ana Mafalda , Carr Alexander R. , Ponjavic Aleks , Chang Veronica T. , Macleod Charlotte , Christoffer Lagerholm B. , Lindsay Alan E. , Dushek Omer , Tilevik Andreas , Davis Simon J. , Klenerman David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe T-cell receptor (TCR) triggers the elimination of pathogens and tumors by T lymphocytes. In order for this to avoid damage to the host, the receptor has to discriminate between thousands of peptide ligands presented by each host cell. Exactly how the TCR does this is unknown. In resting T-cells, the TCR is largely unphosphorylated due to the dominance of phosphatases over kinases expressed at the cell surface. When agonist peptides are presented to the TCR by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), very fast receptor triggering occurs, leading to TCR phosphorylation. Recent work suggests that this depends on the local exclusion of the phosphatases from regions of contact of the T cells with the APCs. Here, we develop and test a quantitative treatment of receptor triggering reliant only upon TCR dwell-time in phosphatase-depleted cell-cell contacts constrained in area by cell topography. Using the model and experimentally-derived parameters, we find that ligand discrimination is possible but that it depends crucially on individual contacts being 400 nm in diameter or smaller,i.e.the size generated by microvilli. The model not only correctly predicts the relative signaling potencies of known agonists and non-agonists, but achieves this in the absence of conventional, multi-step kinetic proof-reading. Our work provides a simple, quantitative and predictive molecular framework for understanding why TCR triggering is so selective and fast, and reveals that for some receptors, cell topography crucially influences signaling outcomes.Significance statementOne approach to testing biological theories is to determine if they are predictive. A simple, theoretical treatment of TCR triggering suggests that ligand discrimination by the receptor relies on just two physical principles: (1) the time TCRs spend in cell-cell contacts depleted of large tyrosine phosphatases; and (2) constraints on contact size imposed by T cells using finger-like protrusions to interrogate their targets. The theory not only allows agonistic and non-agonistic TCR ligands to be distinguished but predicts the relative signalling potencies of agonists with remarkable accuracy. This suggests that the theory captures the essential features of receptor triggering.
The company-customer transfer of logistics activities
Authors: Rouquet Aurélien , Goudarzi Kiane , Henriquez Tatiana 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The starting point of the paper is the fact that customers participate in the logistics activities of the supply chain (SC) (Johnston, 1989; Granzin and Bahn, 1989). Having established that customers can and do participate in logistics, firms can consider transferring some of their logistics activities to/from their customer. The transfer can take two contrasting forms: outsourcing by the company of some logistics activities to its customers or insourcing by the company of some logistics activities from its customers. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical understanding of these company/customer transfers.

Design/methodology/approach
To address this emerging issue, the authors build on the service management literature and on the study of two contrasting cases of transfer. The first (IKEA) examines the outsourcing of some logistics activities to the consumer. The second (AuchanDrive) examines the reverse process of insourcing.

Findings
Based on the service management literature and the two case studies, the authors develop a theoretical model for the transfer of logistics activities between a firm and its customers. The findings confirm several elements, such as the importance of managing customer participation and adapting service production during a transfer. Most importantly, the findings show that a key issue for a firm during a transfer is the need to redesign its SC in terms of transport, warehousing and production. The main contribution of the research therefore is showing that customer participation in logistics is a key variable in SC design.

Research limitations/implications
This research is based on the analysis of two cases. To generalise these results, further research needs to be conducted.

Practical implications
This research proposes recommendations to help managers and organisations to transfer some logistics activities to or from their customers.

Originality/value
The originality of the framework is that it considers both the company and its customers. This comprehensive approach establishes a link between supply chain management research and marketing.
Ambidexterity, performance and environmental dynamism
Authors: Tamayo-Torres Javier , Roehrich Jens K. , Lewis Michael A. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between organizational ambidexterity, the ability of companies to explore new and to exploit existing processes simultaneously, and manufacturing performance as represented by the sand cone model. Moreover, the paper analyses the impact of stable and dynamic environments on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachA set of research questions are tested using structural equation modeling on a sample of 231 Spanish manufacturing companies.FindingsResults illustrate a significant relationship between ambidexterity as the basis and enabler for manufacturing performance improvements, building on the sand cone model and its dimensions of quality, delivery, cost, and flexibility. This relationship is further emphasized when companies work in a dynamic environment.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to practice by investigating the important and yet under-explored relationships of ambidexterity, the sand cone model, performance, and a company’s wider market environment. Findings suggest a positive relationship between the sand cone model and ambidexterity capability.Originality/valueThis study adds to the limited theoretical and empirical understanding of the relationships between ambidexterity, the sand cone model, environmental dynamism, and performance. It also contributes through a set of empirical data derived from Spanish manufacturing companies.