bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of C.I. Pigment Red 170 modified with silica fume
Authors: Zhang Baolian , Zhang Zhenzhen , Fei Xuening , Gu Yingchun , Yu Lu 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to prepare modified C.I. Pigment Red (PR) 170 to reduce production cost and improve application performance. The structure of the modified pigment was characterised. The colour strength, thermal stability, mobility, aqueous dispersability and ultraviolet (UV) resistance of modified pigments were studied.

Design/methodology/approach
Silica fume was added into the diazonium salt solution under acidic condition, followed by the activation to generate new surface. Subsequently, coupling component was dropwise added to the system to form the modified pigments evenly on the surface of silica fume in situ. The structure and properties of the modified pigment were studied by fourier transform infrared spectoscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravity analysis (TG-DTA), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), and commission internationale de L‘Eclairage (CIE L*a*b*) colour measurements.

Findings
The morphology and particle size of the modified pigment were controlled by the modification of the silica fume, and the organic pigment and silica fume formed a core–shell structure. The properties of the modified pigment including colour strength, thermal stability, mobility, aqueous dispensability and UV resistance were improved significantly.

Research limitations/implications
The effect of the amount of silica fume on the thickness of the organic pigment layer and the effect of the thickness of the organic pigment layer on the properties of the modified pigment need to be studied further.

Practical implications
This paper shows a feasible method of the modification of the PR170 with the silica fume, and the modification can improve the properties of the PR170. The use of silica fume to modify organic pigment can realise the reuse of solid waste and reduce the production cost of the organic pigment.

Social implications
This modification method of the organic pigment is adaptive and it can be adjusted to the modification of other species of the organic pigment.

Originality/value
The modification of the PR170 with the silica fume was carried out in its preparation process, which synchronised the preparation and modification of the organic pigment. The properties of the modified pigment were improved, which were beneficial for their application in inks and coatings.
The colour stability of natural dye coating films consisting of chlorophyll after exposed to UV-A
Authors: Usop R. , Abidin Z.H.Z , Mazni N.A. , Hadi A.N. , Halim N.A. , Taha R.M. , Careem M.A. , Majid S.R. , Arof A.K. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to study the colour stability of chlorophyll and the effect of copper (II) nitrate – Cu(NO3)2 – as an additive in natural dye coating films after being exposed to ultraviolet-A (UV-A).

Design/methodology/approach
The natural dye was extracted from the leaves of Cassia alata L. using absolute ethanol as the solvent. The extract was divided into two parts and, one of it was added with 3 wt.% Cu(NO3)2 as an additive. The polymer blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and acrylic polyol was used as the coating binder. Both parts of the dye with and without additive were mixed with the blended polymer in a specific ratio. The resulted mixtures were applied as coating films on glass substrates. The colour stability of the coating films on exposure to UV-A with the time of exposure was observed with Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* colour coordinates. The hidden power by the means of reflectivity and glossiness of the coatings was also studied. Statistical standard deviation (STD) was used to analyse the data.

Findings
The test showed that the coating films containing Cu(NO3)2 had smaller colour differences, (ΔE*) indicating higher colour stability. The analysis on hidden power also showed that the coating film with Cu(NO3)2 was 1.6 times more stable than the film without additive. All the measurements in this study were observed within 35 days of duration.

Research limitations/implications
This paper implies the potential of using natural dye extracted from Cassia alata L. leaves as a stable dye colourant for coating applications.

Practical implications
The coating film developed in this study is suitable for glass substrate applications.

Originality/value
A new method of preparing solvent-based coating film from PMMA–acrylic polyol with chlorophyll colourant is introduced in this study.
N‐acetylcysteine regimens for paracetamol overdose: Time for a change?
Authors: Wong Anselm , Graudins Andis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractParacetamol overdose is one of the commonest pharmaceutical poisonings in the world. For nearly four decades, intravenous acetylcysteine regimens have been used to treat most patients successfully and prevent or mitigate hepatotoxicity. However, the rate of occurrence of adverse reactions to acetylcysteine is quite high, and there is a potential for these to be reduced. Recent studies show that distributing the loading‐dose of acetylcysteine over the first few hours of treatment may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, varying the duration of acetylcysteine administration may potentially benefit certain cohorts of poisoned patients, depending on their risk of developing hepatotoxicity.
Gender variability in electromyographic activity, in vivo behaviour of the human gastrocnemius and mechanical capacity during the take‐off phase of a countermovement jump
Authors: Rubio‐Arias Jacobo Ángel , Ramos‐Campo Domingo Jesús , Peña Amaro José , Esteban Paula , Mendizábal Susana , Jiménez José Fernando 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyse gender differences in neuromuscular behaviour of the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis during the take‐off phase of a countermovement jump (CMJ), using direct measures (ground reaction forces, muscle activity and dynamic ultrasound).MethodsSixty‐four young adults (aged 18–25 years) participated voluntarily in this study, 35 men and 29 women. The firing of the trigger allowed obtainment of data collection vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), surface electromyography activity (sEMG) and dynamic ultrasound gastrocnemius of both legs.ResultsStatistically significant gender differences were observed in the jump performance, which appear to be based on differences in muscle architecture and the electrical activation of the gastrocnemius muscles and vastus lateralis. So while men developed greater peak power, velocity take‐offs and jump heights, jump kinetics compared to women, women also required a higher electrical activity to develop lower power values. Additionally, the men had higher values pennation angles and muscle thickness than women.ConclusionMen show higher performance of the jump test than women, due to significant statistical differences in the values of muscle architecture (pennation angle and thickness muscle), lower Neural Efficiency Index and a higher amount of sEMG activity per second during the take‐off phase of a CMJ.
Knee joint angle and vasti muscle electromyograms during fatiguing contractions
Authors: Ando Ryosuke , Tomita Aya , Watanabe Kohei , Akima Hiroshi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe compared vasti muscle electromyograms for two knee joint angles during fatiguing tetanic contractions. Tetanic contraction of the knee extensors was evoked for 70 s by electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve at knee joint angles of 60° (extended, with 0° indicating full extension) and 110° (flexed) in eight healthy men. Surface electromyography was recorded from the vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. Knee extension force and M‐wave amplitudes and durations were calculated every 7 s, which were normalized by the initial value. Normalized knee extension force was decreased at the flexed knee joint angle compared with that of the extended knee joint angle (P<0·05). Decreased normalized M‐wave amplitude and increased normalized M‐wave duration of the VI were greater at the flexed knee joint angle than the extended knee joint angle (P<0·05), whereas those for the VL and VM were similar (P>0·05). These results suggest that peripheral fatigue profiles of the VI might be greater at the flexed than the extended knee joint angles, but that of VL and VM might be similar in the tested range of knee joint angles (i.e. 60°–110°) during continuous tetanic contraction induced by electrical stimulation. Therefore, greater reduction of knee extension force at the flexed knee joint angle than the extended knee joint angle may reflect fatigue development of the VI more than other quadriceps femoris components.
Local Embeddedness, Market Focus, and Productivity: Evidence of Taiwanese Manufacturing MNE Subsidiaries in China
Authors: Joseph Li Chun‐Sheng , Chen Tser‐Yieth , Yang Phil Yihsing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere has been considerable literature discussing the characteristics and importance of location‐specific factors in the context of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), but very little literature linking location‐specific factors to productivity. This study explores, for each location‐specific factor, the relationship between the degree of local embeddedness and the labor productivity. We contribute to the body of literature on location‐specific factors by arguing that market focuses play a pivotal role in determining the impact of local embeddedness on productivity. Based on their strategic choices, we categorize Taiwanese manufacturing multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries in China into two groups: the local‐market‐focus group and the export‐market‐focus group. The paper fits the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models to the export‐market‐focus group and the local‐market‐focus group separately. For these two groups, each local‐embeddedness variable exerts different effect on labor productivity. Results also suggest that local‐market‐focus FDI is more affected by the host country's local business environment than is export‐market‐focus FDI. Although this study cannot represent all foreign companies in China, its dynamism offers a rich context in which to explore a deeper understanding of foreign companies' business activities in China.
Intimacy, Autonomy and (Non) Domination
Authors: Humphries James 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAccounts of autonomy which acknowledge the importance of non‐domination – that is, of being structurally protected against arbitrary interference with one's life – face an apparent problem with regards to intimate relationships (whether romantic or otherwise). By their very nature, such relations open us up to psychological and material suffering that would not be possible absent the particular relationship; even worse, from the non‐domination point of view, is that this vulnerability seems to be structural in a way exactly analogous to (for example) workplace or social domination. If being powerless to prevent an employer causing me harm constitutes domination at work, then what relevant differences can support the intuition that being powerless to prevent my partner causing me comparable pain is not autonomy‐hostile? I argue for the reassuring view that the obligations and possibility of pain arising from such relations aren't necessarily dominating; they would be so only if we believed that any obligation we have not explicitly agreed to is a restriction on our autonomy, and that is false. I conclude with a note of caution: even though intimate relations aren't necessarily dominating, they will often be contingently so if they take place in a wider social context of domination – such as that which we currently inhabit.
Bonhoeffer's Non‐Commitment to Nonviolence: A Response to Stanley Hauerwas
Authors: DeJonge Michael P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStanley Hauerwas's claim that Bonhoeffer had a “commitment to nonviolence” runs aground on Bonhoeffer's own statements about peace, war, violence, and nonviolence. The fact that Hauerwas and others have asserted Bonhoeffer's commitment to nonviolence despite abundant evidence to the contrary reveals a blind spot that develops from reading Bonhoeffer's thinking in general and his statements about peace in particular as if they were part of an Anabaptist theological framework rather than his own Lutheran one. This essay shows that Bonhoeffer's understanding of peace as “concrete commandment” and “order of preservation” relies on Lutheran concepts and is articulated with explicit contrast to an Anabaptist account of peace. The interpretation developed here can account for the range of statements Bonhoeffer makes about peace, war, violence, and nonviolence, many of which must be misconstrued or ignored to claim his “commitment to nonviolence.”
Dignity as (Self-)Determination: Hopi Sovereignty in the Face of US Dispossessions
Authors: Richland Justin B. 
Published: May 2016

In 2013, the Arizona Snowbowl Ski Resort began spraying artificial snow made from reclaimed wastewater on Arizona's highest peak, a place the Hopi people call Nuvatukya'ovi, “Snow-on-top-of-it.” As one of the Hopis' most sacred places, the home of the katsinam and the southwestern boundary marker of their aboriginal territory, the Hopi have fought for decades to stop development of the ski resort, which today sits on US Forest Service land. Viewing the history of this dispute through the lens of Atuahene's notion of a “dignity taking,” this article argues that despite never having been relocated, the indignities that the Hopi have suffered by US dispossessions of much of their aboriginal territory are the product of a series of bureaucratic sleights of hand that only bear the mark of legality if one ignores history and denies the enduring right to self-determination and sovereignty that Hopi have continuously claimed with regard to the totality of their aboriginal land.

Yuuyahiwa,

Ayamo Nuvatukya'ove'e.

Oo'oomawutu,

angqw puma naayuwasinaya,

pewi'i.

They are preparing themselves [for a journey],
Over there at the snow-capped mountains [San Francisco Peaks].
The clouds,
From there, they are putting on their endowments [of rain power],
To come here.
A Hopi katsinam song recalled by Emory Sekaquaptewa (from Sekaquaptewa and Washburn, 2004, 468)
Assessing Recent Determinants of Borrowing Costs in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Gevorkyan Aleksandr V. , Kvangraven Ingrid Harvold 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study explores macroeconomic implications of the sovereign bond rush that has been taking place in sub‐Saharan Africa since 2006. The focus is on the sub‐Saharan sovereign bond yields as proxies for the region's ability to raise new funds on international markets. Despite the subcontinent'stour‐de‐forceentrance to the international bond market, this paper reveals that recent (since early 2000s) borrowing in foreign currency is not without macroeconomic risk. Empirically this paper finds that sovereign bond yields are significantly influenced by global volatility, commodity prices and global liquidity—all factors that are out of the control of the sub‐Saharan economies in question. These findings suggest that portfolio repositioning by institutional investors prompted by improved growth prospects and implicit monetary policy tightening in the advanced economies or heightened risk perceptions, are likely to result in increased borrowing costs for the sub‐Saharan bond issuers and affect their ability to raise funds in international markets. Furthermore, a change in borrowing costs might lead to higher debt‐service costs and policy uncertainty, which in turn could lead to suboptimal investment levels and, ultimately, hinder economic development.
Antidepressants and the risk of hyponatremia: a Danish register-based population study
Authors: Leth-Møller Katja Biering , Hansen Annette Højmann , Torstensson Maia , Andersen Stig Ejdrup , Ødum Lars , Gislasson Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Holm Ellen Astrid 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the association between classes of antidepressants and hyponatremia, and between specific antidepressants and hyponatremia.DesignRetrospective register-based cohort study using nationwide registers from 1998 to 2012.SettingThe North Denmark Region.ParticipantsIn total, 638 352 individuals were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPlasma sodium was obtained from the LABKA database. The primary outcome was hyponatremia defined as plasma sodium (p-sodium) below 135 mmol/L and secondary outcome was severe hyponatremia defined as p-sodium below 130 mmol/L. The association between use of specific antidepressants and hyponatremia was analysed using multivariable Poisson regression models.ResultsAn event of hyponatremia occurred in 72 509 individuals and 11.36% (n=6476) of these events happened during treatment with antidepressants. Incidence rate ratios and CIs for the association with hyponatremia in the first p-sodium measured after initiation of treatment were for citalopram 7.8 (CI 7.42 to 8.20); clomipramine 4.93 (CI 2.72 to 8.94); duloxetine 2.05 (CI 1.44 to 292); venlafaxine 2.90 (CI 2.43 to 3.46); mirtazapine 2.95 (CI 2.71 to 3.21); and mianserin 0.90 (CI 0.71 to 1.14).ConclusionsAll antidepressants except mianserin are associated with hyponatremia. The association is strongest with citalopram and lowest with duloxetine, venlafaxine and mirtazapine.
Diagnostic potential of plasma microRNA signatures in patients with deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Wang Xiao , Sundquist Kristina , Elf Johan L. , Strandberg Karin , Svensson Peter J. , Hedelius Anna , Palmér Karolina , Memon Ashfaque A. , Sundquist Jan , Zöller Bengt 
Published: May 2016

SummaryFor excluding deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), a negative D-dimer and low clinical probability are used to rule out DVT. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are stably present in the plasma, serum and other body fluids. Their diagnostic function has been investigated in many diseases but not in DVT. The aims of present study were to assess the diagnostic ability of plasma miRNAs in DVT and to examine their correlation with known markers of hypercoagulability, such as D-dimer and APC-PCI complex. Plasma samples were obtained from 238 patients (aged 16–95 years) with suspected DVT included in a prospective multicentre management study (SCORE). We first performed miRNA screening of plasma samples from three plasma pools containing plasma from 12 patients with DVT and three plasma pools containing plasma from 12 patients without DVT using a microRNA Ready-to-use PCR Panel comprising 742 miRNA primer sets. Thirteen miRNAs that differentially expressed were further investigated by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR in the entire cohort. The plasma level of miR-424–5p (p=0.01) were significantly higher, whereas the levels of miR-136–5p (p=0.03) were significantly lower in DVT patients compared to patients without DVT. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.63 for miR-424–5p and 0.60 for miR-136–5p. The plasma level of miR-424–5p was associated with both D-dimer and APC-PCI complex levels (p<0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively). In conclusions, these findings indicate that certain miRNAs are associated with DVT and markers of hypercoagulability, though their diagnostic abilities are probably too low.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Assimilation of Gridded GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Estimates in the North American Land Data Assimilation System
Authors: Kumar Sujay V. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Rodell Matthew , Reichle Rolf , Li Bailing , Jasinski Michael , Mocko David , Getirana Augusto , De Lannoy Gabrielle , Cosh Michael H. , Hain Christopher R. , Anderson Martha , Arsenault Kristi R. , Xia Youlong , Ek Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe objective of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) is to provide best-available estimates of near-surface meteorological conditions and soil hydrological status for the continental United States. To support the ongoing efforts to develop data assimilation (DA) capabilities for NLDAS, the results of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) DA implemented in a manner consistent with NLDAS development are presented. Following previous work, GRACE terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly estimates are assimilated into the NASA Catchment land surface model using an ensemble smoother. In contrast to many earlier GRACE DA studies, a gridded GRACE TWS product is assimilated, spatially distributed GRACE error estimates are accounted for, and the impact that GRACE scaling factors have on assimilation is evaluated. Comparisons with quality-controlled in situ observations indicate that GRACE DA has a positive impact on the simulation of unconfined groundwater variability across the majority of the eastern United States and on the simulation of surface and root zone soil moisture across the country. Smaller improvements are seen in the simulation of snow depth, and the impact of GRACE DA on simulated river discharge and evapotranspiration is regionally variable. The use of GRACE scaling factors during assimilation improved DA results in the western United States but led to small degradations in the eastern United States. The study also found comparable performance between the use of gridded and basin-averaged GRACE observations in assimilation. Finally, the evaluations presented in the paper indicate that GRACE DA can be helpful in improving the representation of droughts.
A Procedure to Compensate for the Response Drift of a Large Set of Thermistors
Authors: Cimatoribus Andrea A. , van Haren Hans , Gostiaux Louis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe drift of temperature measurements by semiconductor negative temperature coefficient thermistors is a well-known problem. This study analyzes the drift characteristics of the thermistors designed and used at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research for measuring high-frequency temperature fluctuations in the ocean. These thermistors can be calibrated to high precision and accuracy (better than 1 mK) and have very low noise levels. The thermistors can measure independently for long periods of time (more than one year), and the identification and compensation of the drift are thus essential processing steps. A laboratory analysis showing that the drift is similar, in its functional form, to the drift of commercial thermistors described in the literature is presented. An effective procedure to estimate this drift from ocean observations is described and tested using three datasets from the deep Atlantic Ocean. Since the functional form of the drift rate is, with good approximation, universal among different sensors, the procedure could easily be adapted to other datasets and, the authors argue, to measurements from thermistors by other manufacturers too.