bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemic Event Frequency and the Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Using Multiple Daily Insulin Injections
Authors: Riddlesworth Tonya , Price David , Cohen Nathan , Beck Roy W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction
The benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in type 1 diabetes have been established among adults using insulin pumps. The DIAMOND randomized clinical trial examined the effectiveness of using CGM in improving glycemic control in participants using insulin injections. The frequency of hypoglycemic events in this trial has not been previously examined.

Methods
Adults with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) with A1C values of 7.5% to 9.9% and not using CGM were randomized to adopt CGM (CGM group, n = 105) or continue with usual care (control group, n = 53). CGM data were collected from both groups at the beginning of the study and after 3 and 6 months. A hypoglycemic event was defined as a series of at least CGM values less than 3.0 mmol/L, separated by 20 min or more, with no intervening values of 3.0 mmol/L or more. Hypoglycemic event rates per 24 h were compared using a linear model adjusted for the baseline event rate per 24 h, baseline A1C, and site as a random effect.

Results
In the CGM group, the median hypoglycemic event rate fell by 30% (0.23 per 24 h at baseline and 0.16 per 24 h at follow-up) while in the control group the rate was nearly unchanged (0.31 per 24 h at baseline and 0.30 per 24 h at follow-up; p value = 0.03).

Conclusion
In the DIAMOND randomized controlled trial, participants in the CGM group experienced a greater reduction in hypoglycemic event rate than participants receiving usual care in the control group.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02282397.
Minimizing a Wireless Passive LC-Tank Sensor to Monitor Bladder Pressure: A Simulation Study
Authors: Melgaard Jacob , Struijk Johannes J. , Rijkhoff Nico J. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this simulation study, a wireless passive LC-tank sensor system was characterized. Given the application of continuous bladder monitoring, a specific system was proposed in terms of coil geometries and electronic circuitry. Coupling coefficients were spatially mapped by simulation, as a function of both coil distance, and longitudinal and transverse translation of the sensor relative to the antenna. Further, two interrogation schemes were outlined. One was an auto-balancing bridge for computing the sensor-system impedance. In this case, the theoretical noise limit of the analogue part of the system was found by simulations. As the full system is not necessary for obtaining a pressure reading from the sensor, a simplified circuit more suited for an implantable system was deduced. For this system, both the analogue and digital parts were simulated. First, the required ADC resolution for operating the system at a given coupling was found by simulations in the noise-free case. Then, for one selected typical operational point, noise was added gradually, and through Monte-Carlo type simulations, the system performance was obtained. Combining these results, it was found that it at least is possible to operate the proposed system for distances up to 12 mm, or equivalently for coupling coefficients above 0.005. In this case a 14 bit ADC is required, and a carrier SNR of 27 dB can be tolerated.
Longitudinal study of religiosity and mental health of adolescents with psychiatric problems. The TRAILS study
Authors: van der Jagt-Jelsma W. , de Vries-Schot M. , Scheepers P. , van Deurzen P.A.M. , Klip H. , Buitelaar J.K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurpose:This study used longitudinal data to examine the influence of the religiosity of pre-adolescents with psychiatric problems on the course of mental health during adolescence.Methods:In the TRAILS clinical cohort of 543 pre-adolescents (10–12 years), mental health problems were assessed using self-report at baseline, T2 (12–14 years), T3 (14–17 years), and T4 (17–21 years). The Youth Self Report (YSR) was used at baseline, T2, and T3, and the Adult Self Report (ASR) was used at T4. Religiosity was assessed at baseline using self-report and information from mothers and fathers, resulting in three categorical religiosity variables and six SOCON (Social Cultural Developments Questionnaire) religiosity scales that assess religiosity in greater detail. Repeated measure ANOVA analyses were performed for each independent religiosity variable with internalizing and externalizing problem behavior as dependent variables, gender as a factor and time (T1, T2, T3 and T4) as within factor. Results were adjusted for marital status of parents and socioeconomic status and corrected for multiple testing.Results:There were main effects of the self-report SOCON scale “Humanistic beliefs” and gender and gender “by Humanistic beliefs” interaction effect on internalizing problems. Follow-up tests revealed that among females “high” scores on “Humanistic beliefs” were associated with increased internalizing problems.Conclusions:There were hardly any associations between religiosity and mental health in a clinical cohort of pre-adolescents up to adolescence. The exception being that among females strong humanistic beliefs were associated with internalizing problems. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Comparison of cyclophosphamide–thalidomide–dexamethasone to bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone as induction therapy for multiple myeloma patients in Brazil
Authors: Vigolo Suelen , Zuckermann Joice , Bittencourt Rosane Isabel , Silla Lúcia , Pilger Diogo André 
Published: June 2017

Objective/background:
Chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the standard treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). Thalidomide or bortezomib may be combined with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone, in what are known as the CTD and VCD protocols, respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and response rates obtained with CTD and VCD, observing whether the inclusion of bortezomib to treat MM patients in Brazil increases therapeutic efficiency.

Methods:
Forty-three MM patients treated with induction protocols CTD and VCD between January 2010 and March 2015 were included. The parameters analyzed were staging, frequency of comorbidities prior to treatment, response rates obtained at each induction cycle, progressionfree survival, and overall survival of patients.

Results:
Very good partial response and complete response obtained with the VCD protocol were superior, compared with the CTD treatment. The presence of comorbidities was similar in the two groups, except kidney failure, which prevailed in the VCD group. Also, 78.3% and 48.3% of patients treated with the VCD and CTD protocols underwent autologous HSCT, respectively. In patients given the VCD protocol, 45.5% had complete response before autologous HSCT. Among those given CTD, this number was only 7.1% (p = 0.023). Disease progression after autologous HSCT did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion:
VCD afforded better responses than the CTD protocol, and improved patient condition before autologous HSCT. However, more studies are necessary including more patients and addressing various clinical conditions, besides the analysis of cost-effectiveness of these treatments.
Sociolinguistic research with endangered varieties: The case of Louisiana French
Authors: Blainey Darcie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article outlines the differences in goals, methods and results that variationist researchers may encounter when exploring and/or documenting a threatened language variety, and underscores special considerations and aspects of the research program that linguists must work to control for when working with endangered varieties of Western languages. In particular, it examines questions and strategies for dealing with sparse data for longitudinal studies; fewer speakers for stratified samples; the inverse relation between linguistic fluency and age; social network constraints in small speech communities; literacy-centric exercises in oral language communities; and larger project protocols designed for stable linguistic communities. Throughout the paper, the collection and analysis of Louisiana French liaison data from 1939, 1977, and 2010 provide an application of the proposed methods.
Addition of cyclophosphamide and higher doses of dexamethasone do not improve outcomes of patients with AL amyloidosis treated with bortezomib
Authors: Kastritis E , Gavriatopoulou M , Roussou M , Fotiou D , Ziogas D C , Migkou M , Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E , Panagiotidis I , Kanellias N , Psimenou E , Papadopoulou E , Pamboucas C , Manios E , Gakiopoulou H , Ntalianis A , Tasidou A , Giannouli S , Terpos E , Dimopoulos M A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBortezomib, in combination with dexamethasone (VD) or with the addition of cyclophosphamide (VCD), is highly effective in patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Currently, VCD is considered as a primary regimen for patients with AL, but it is not clear whether the addition of cyclophosphamide to VD further and significantly improves efficacy, given the substantial activity of bortezomib itself. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 101 patients with AL amyloidosis who received VD (n=59) or VCD (n=42) in two consecutive periods. Early mortality after adjustment for Mayo stage was similar. On intent to treat, a hematologic response rate was 68% for patients treated with VD and 78% for VCD (P=0.26), while complete response+very good partial response (CR+VGPR) rate was 47.5% and 35%, respectively. Higher doses of dexamethasone or twice-weekly bortezomib were not associated with significantly higher CR+VGPR rates. Organ responses occurred in similar rates between the two groups. Median survival was similar (33 vs 36 months, P=0.45) even after adjustment for Mayo stage and dose and schedule of bortezomib and dexamethasone. In conclusion, bortezomib even with low doses of dexamethasone is effective for the treatment of AL amyloidosis; higher doses of dexamethasone and addition of cyclophosphamide do not seem to have a profound effect on efficacy and survival.
Single-cell profiling reveals heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in the vascular system
Authors: Kaur H. , Carvalho J. , Looso M. , Singh P. , Chennupati R. , Preussner J. , Günther S. , Albarrán-Juárez J. , Tischner D. , Classen S. , Offermanns S. , Wettschureck N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractG-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expression is extensively studied in bulk cDNA, but heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in individual vascular cells is poorly understood. Here, we perform a microfluidic-based single-cell GPCR expression analysis in primary smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC). GPCR expression is highly heterogeneous in all cell types, which is confirmed in reporter mice, on the protein level and in human cells. Inflammatory activation in murine models of sepsis or atherosclerosis results in characteristic changes in the GPCR repertoire, and we identify functionally relevant subgroups of cells that are characterized by specific GPCR patterns. We further show that dedifferentiating SMC upregulate GPCRs such as Gpr39, Gprc5b, Gprc5c or Gpr124, and that selective targeting of Gprc5b modulates their differentiation state. Taken together, single-cell profiling identifies receptors expressed on pathologically relevant subpopulations and provides a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies in vascular diseases.
Why do physicians lack engagement with smoking cessation treatment in their COPD patients? A multinational qualitative study
Authors: van Eerd Eva Anne Marije , Bech Risør Mette , Spigt Mark , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Andreeva Elena , Francis Nick , Wollny Anja , Melbye Hasse , van Schayck Onno , Kotz Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSmoking cessation is the only effective intervention to slow down the accelerated decline in lung function in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nevertheless, physicians often do not routinely provide evidence-based smoking cessation treatment to their patients. To understand underlying reasons, we explored how physicians engage in smoking cessation treatment in their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. In total, 21 focus group discussions were held with general practitioners and pulmonologists in seven different countries in Europe and Asia. We generated three themes, whereby some of the issues concerned smokers in general: first, ‘physicians’ frustration with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who smoke’. These frustrations interfered with the provision of evidence-based treatment and could result in this group of patients being treated unequally. Second: ‘physicians’ limited knowledge of, and negative beliefs about, smoking cessation treatment’. This hindered treating smokers effectively. Third: ‘healthcare organisational factors that influence the use of smoking cessation treatments’. Money and time issues, as well as the failure to regard smoking as a disease, influenced how physicians engaged in smoking cessation treatment. Our results indicate that there is a number of barriers to the provision of effective smoking cessation treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smokers in general. Introducing an informative smoking cessation programme, including communication skills and ethical issues, in the vocational and postgraduate medical training may help to address these barriers. This is important in order to increase engagement with smoking cessation treatment and to improve quality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care.
The traditional Chinese medicine Achyranthes bidentata and our de novo conception of its metastatic chemoprevention: from phytochemistry to pharmacology
Authors: Jiang Zhou , Qian Jun , Dong Haiyan , Yang Jingyi , Yu Xiaobo , Chen Jianzhong , Chen Hongning , Shi Qing , Jia Lee 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOur recent biosystems analysis revealed similarities between embryonic implantation and cancer cell adhesion, which suggests that abortifacients may be good for safe and effective metastatic chemoprevention targeting circulating tumor cells (CTC). Here we test the hypothesis by using the well-known abortion herb Achyranthes bidentata Blume (A. bidentata). Five compounds were separated from the herb root. Among them, ginsenoside Ro was the most potent in inhibiting embryonic implantation within non-cytotoxic concentrations. It specifically inhibited the metastatic dissemination capability of colon cancer cells HT29, including the migration and invasion ability, and their adhesion to human endothelium through inhibiting integrin αvβ6, MMP-2, MMP-9, and ERK phosphorylation by HT29. Pretreatment of nude mice with oral ginsenoside Ro followed by HT29 intravenous inoculation and 40-day oral ginsenoside Ro significantly prevented lung metastasis with downregulation of integrin αvβ6 and no toxicity. The present study firstly introduces the new conception of utilizing safe and effective abortion botanic medicines for CTC-based metastatic chemoprevention.
Plasmonic opals: observation of a collective molecular exciton mode beyond the strong coupling
Authors: Fauché Pierre , Gebhardt Christian , Sukharev Maxim , Vallée Renaud A. L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAchieving and controlling strong light-matter interactions in many-body systems is of paramount importance both for fundamental understanding and potential applications. In this paper we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically how to manipulate strong coupling between the Bragg-plasmon mode supported by an organo-metallic array and molecular excitons in the form of J-aggregates dispersed on the hybrid structure. We observe experimentally the transition from a conventional strong coupling regime exhibiting the usual upper and lower polaritonic branches to a more complex regime, where a third nondispersive mode is seen, as the concentration of J-aggregates is increased. The numerical simulations confirm the presence of the third resonance. We attribute its physical nature to collective molecule-molecule interactions leading to a collective electromagnetic response. A simple analytical model is proposed to explain the physics of the third mode. The nonlinear dependence on molecular parameters followed from the model are confirmed in a set of rigorous numerical studies. It is shown that at the energy of the collective mode molecules oscillate completely out of phase with the incident radiation acting as an effictive thin metal layer.
Serum C3 and Renal Outcome in Patients with Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Liu Jian , Xie Jingyuan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tong Jun , Hao Xu , Ren Hong , Wang Weiming , Chen Nan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe role of complement (C) in the pathogenesis or progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is uncertain. The present study assessed the relationship between serum C3, the baseline characteristics, and the progression of FSGS in the cohort and identified the clinical implications of serum C3 levels in patients with FSGS. Compared to the patients with C3 ≥ 85 mg/dL (N = 474), those with C3 < 85 mg/dL (N = 117) presented a higher level of serum creatinine, lower levels of eGFR, hemoglobin, proteinuria, triglyceride, cholesterol, IgA, as well as, severe tubulointerstitial injury (TI). Of the 221 patients with a mean follow-up of 53.3 months, the risk of reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was significantly higher in patients with low serum C3 level (p < 0.001). An additional 40 patients with primary FSGS revealed a significant correlation between MAC and AP (p = 0.003), MAC and serum C3 (p = 0.018), and AP and serum C3 (p = 0.028). Compared to patients with none-to-mild TI, those with moderate-to-severe TI exhibited a lower level of serum C3 and AP, and a higher level of serum MAC. In conclusion, complement activation occurring in patients with FSGS is associated with clinical and histological severities. Low serum C3 was an independent risk factor for poor renal outcome in patients with FSGS.
Thermal stability and topological protection of skyrmions in nanotracks
Authors: Cortés-Ortuño David , Wang Weiwei , Beg Marijan , Pepper Ryan A. , Bisotti Marc-Antonio , Carey Rebecca , Vousden Mark , Kluyver Thomas , Hovorka Ondrej , Fangohr Hans 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are hailed as a potential technology for data storage and other data processing devices. However, their stability against thermal fluctuations is an open question that must be answered before skyrmion-based devices can be designed. In this work, we study paths in the energy landscape via which the transition between the skyrmion and the uniform state can occur in interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya finite-sized systems. We find three mechanisms the system can take in the process of skyrmion nucleation or destruction and identify that the transition facilitated by the boundary has a significantly lower energy barrier than the other energy paths. This clearly demonstrates the lack of the skyrmion topological protection in finite-sized magnetic systems. Overall, the energy barriers of the system under investigation are too small for storage applications at room temperature, but research into device materials, geometry and design may be able to address this.
Ultrasound-mediated piezoelectric differentiation of neuron-like PC12 cells on PVDF membranes
Authors: Hoop Marcus , Chen Xiang-Zhong , Ferrari Aldo , Mushtaq Fajer , Ghazaryan Gagik , Tervoort Theo , Poulikakos Dimos , Nelson Bradley , Pané Salvador 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectrical and/or electromechanical stimulation has been shown to play a significant role in regenerating various functionalities in soft tissues, such as tendons, muscles, and nerves. In this work, we investigate the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a potential substrate for wireless neuronal differentiation. Piezoelectric PVDF enables generation of electrical charges on its surface upon acoustic stimulation, inducing neuritogenesis of PC12 cells. We demonstrate that the effect of pure piezoelectric stimulation on neurite generation in PC12 cells is comparable to the ones induced by neuronal growth factor (NGF). In inhibitor experiments, our results indicate that dynamic stimulation of PVDF by ultrasonic (US) waves activates calcium channels, thus inducing the generation of neurites via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathway. This mechanism is independent from the well-studied NGF induced mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway. The use of US, in combination with piezoelectric polymers, is advantageous since focused power transmission can occur deep into biological tissues, which holds great promise for the development of non-invasive neuroregenerative devices.
Mito-xenophagic killing of bacteria is coordinated by a metabolic switch in dendritic cells
Authors: Radomski Nadine , Kägebein Danny , Liebler-Tenorio Elisabeth , Karger Axel , Rufer Elke , Tews Birke Andrea , Nagel Stefanie , Einenkel Rebekka , Müller Anne , Rebbig Annica , Knittler Michael R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChlamydiae are bacterial pathogens that grow in vacuolar inclusions. Dendritic cells (DCs) disintegrate these compartments, thereby eliminating the microbes, through auto/xenophagy, which also promotes chlamydial antigen presentation via MHC I. Here, we show that TNF-α controls this pathway by driving cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA)2-mediated arachidonic acid (AA) production. AA then impairs mitochondrial function, which disturbs the development and integrity of these energy-dependent parasitic inclusions, while a simultaneous metabolic switch towards aerobic glycolysis promotes DC survival. Tubulin deacetylase/autophagy regulator HDAC6 associates with disintegrated inclusions, thereby further disrupting their subcellular localisation and stability. Bacterial remnants are decorated with defective mitochondria, mito-aggresomal structures, and components of the ubiquitin/autophagy machinery before they are degraded via mito-xenophagy. The mechanism depends on cytoprotective HSP25/27, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and HDAC6 and promotes chlamydial antigen generation for presentation on MHC I. We propose that this novel mito-xenophagic pathway linking innate and adaptive immunity is critical for effective DC-mediated anti-bacterial resistance.