bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade Agreements in the Shadow of Lobbying
Authors: Buzard Kristy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a model of international trade agreements in which the executive branches of each government negotiate agreements while the legislative branches, subject to political pressure from firms, can disrupt them. Lobbying is in the style of Grossman and Helpman's ‘Protection for Sale’ model with a new feature: all actors face uncertainty arising from the complexity of the legislative process. I demonstrate that the higher the executives set tariffs in a trade agreement, the less effort lobbies put forth to prevent its ratification. Thus trade agreements act as a domestic political commitment device: executives set relatively high tariffs to discourage lobbying and increase the chance that the agreement will be ratified. The model sheds light on the empirical puzzle surrounding governments’ welfare weights in the Grossman and Helpman model and provides a new explanation for failures to ratify trade agreements.
Exploring the Standard Model at the LHC
Authors: Vachon Brigitte 
Published: August 2016

The ATLAS and CMS collaborations have performed studies of a wide range of Standard Model processes using data collected at the Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. These measurements are used to explore the Standard Model in a new kinematic regime, perform precision tests of the model, determine some of its fundamental parameters, constrain the proton parton distribution functions, and study new rare processes observed for the first time. Examples of recent Standard Model measurements performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations are summarized in this report. The measurements presented span a wide range of event final states including jets, photons, W/Z bosons, top quarks, and Higgs bosons.
Direitos humanos, os Baha'is eo Oriente Médio: entrevista de Marcos Alan S. V. Ferreira e Flavio Rassek ao boletim Malala
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Alan S. V. , Rassek Flavio , Finguerut Ariel 
Published: August 2016

Direitos humanos, os Baha'is eo Oriente Médio: entrevista de Marcos Alan S. V. Ferreira e Flavio Rassek ao boletim Malala. Entrevista realizada por Ariel Finguerut.
A França e o Islã: análise de uma relação
Authors: Albala Adrián , Burni Aline 
Published: August 2016

Por muito tempo, a sociedade francesa não parecia atribuir ao islã o papel negativo que ele parece ter hoje. A evolução recente das percepções é, destarte, o fruto de uma mudança nas considerações sociais e políticas, acentuadas pela perda de dinamismo econômico e o declínio da influência do país no cenário internacional. O artigo demonstra um descolamento das percepções de temática conexas ao Islã, precisamente a partir de 2007, resultado de uma absorção crescente de uma parte significativa da sociedade francesa pelas teses lepenistas.
Change in Neighborhood Characteristics and Change in Coronary Artery Calcium
Authors: Wing Jeffrey J. , August Ella , Adar Sara D. , Dannenberg Andrew L. , Hajat Anjum , Sánchez Brisa N. , Stein James H. , Tattersall Matthew C. , Diez Roux Ana V. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Although some evidence shows that neighborhood deprivation is associated with greater subclinical atherosclerosis, prior studies have not identified what aspects of deprived neighborhoods were driving the association.

Methods:
We investigated whether social and physical neighborhood characteristics are related to the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in 5950 adult participants of the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) during a 12-year follow-up period. We assessed subclinical disease using coronary artery calcium (CAC). Neighborhood features examined included density of recreational facilities, density of healthy food stores, and survey-based measures of availability of healthy foods, walking environment, and social environment. We used econometric fixed-effects models to investigate how change in a given neighborhood exposure is related to simultaneous change in subclinical atherosclerosis.

Results:
Increases in density of neighborhood healthy food stores were associated with decreases in CAC (mean changes in CAC Agatston units per 1-SD increase in neighborhood exposures, −19.99; 95% confidence interval, −35.21 to −4.78) after adjustment for time-varying demographic confounders and computed tomography scanner type. This association remained similar in magnitude after additional adjustment for time-varying behavioral risk factors and depression. The addition of time-varying biomedical factors attenuated associations with CAC slightly (mean changes in CAC per 1-SD increase in neighborhood exposures, −17.60; 95% confidence interval, −32.71 to −2.49). Changes across time in other neighborhood measures were not significantly associated with within-person change in CAC.

Conclusions:
Results from this longitudinal study provide suggestive evidence that greater access to neighborhood healthy food resources may slow the development of coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older adults.
Infestation by Octolasmis bullata (Aurivillius, 1894) (Cirripedia, Thoracica) of Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) (Brachyura, Portunidae), and possible interactions with Diplothylacus sinensis (Keppen, 1877) (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala)
Authors: Yuan Tao-Ping , Yang Chang-Ping , Li Heng-Xiang , Li Lu , Wang Hui , Xu Jing , Yan Yan 
Published: August 2016

Specimens of the commercially important crab Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) were collected monthly in Honghai Bay, P. R. China and examined for the presence of two barnacles: the Lepadomorpha Octolasmis bullata (Aurivillius, 1894) and the Rhizocephala Diplothylacus sinensis (Keppen, 1877). O. bullata was observed in the branchial chambers and prevalence of their infestation varied in the monthly collections. High prevalence occurred in the time from June to August and from October to February. The mean intensity of O. bullata was 23.33 ± 18.91 barnacles per infested host, showing higher intensity in larger crabs. The parasite D. sinensis was observed on host surfaces with externae or scars, and their prevalence was high in winter and low in summer. Crabs parasitized by D. sinensis showed a heavier fouling by O. bullata than the non-parasitized crabs. Larger crabs were more vulnerable to the infestation of O. bullata and the parasitism of D. sinensis. Thus, interaction of O. bullata and D. sinensis may cause synergistic effects on the host’s health. Due to the great economic importance of the crab, attention should be paid to this relationship.
Thyroid Functional Disease and Mortality in a National Peritoneal Dialysis Cohort
Authors: Rhee Connie M. , Ravel Vanessa A. , Streja Elani , Mehrotra Rajnish , Kim Steven , Wang Jiaxi , Nguyen Danh V. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Brent Gregory A. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: August 2016

Context and Objective:End-stage renal disease patients have a higher risk of thyroid disease compared with those without kidney disease. Although thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher death risk in the general population and those undergoing hemodialysis, little is known about the effect of thyroid disease upon mortality in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD).Design, Setting, Participants, and Main Outcome:We examined the association of thyroid status, assessed by serum TSH, with all-cause mortality among PD patients from a large national dialysis organization who underwent one or more TSH measurements over 5 years (January 2007 to December 2011). Thyroid status was categorized as overt-hyperthyroid, subclinical-hyperthyroid, low-normal, high-normal, subclinical-hypothyroid, and overt-hypothyroid range (TSH &lt; 0.1, 0.1–&lt;0.5, 0.5–&lt;3.0, 3.0–&lt;5.0, 5.0–&lt;10.0, and ≥10.0 mIU/L, respectively). We examined the association between TSH and mortality using case mix–adjusted time-dependent Cox models to assess short-term thyroid function–mortality associations and to account for changes in thyroid function over time.Results:Among 1484 patients, 7 and 18% had hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively, at baseline. We found that both lower and higher time-dependent TSH levels were associated with higher mortality (reference: TSH, 0.5–&lt;3.0 mIU/L): adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) 2.09 (1.08–4.06), 1.53 (0.87–2.70), 1.05 (0.75–1.46), 1.63 (1.11–2.40), and 3.11 (2.08–4.63) for TSH levels, &lt;0.1, 0.1–&lt;0.5, 0.5–&lt;3.0, 3.0–&lt;5.0, 5.0–&lt;10.0, and ≥10.0 mIU/L, respectively.Conclusion:Time-dependent TSH levels &lt; 0.1 mIU/L and ≥ 5.0 mIU/L were associated with higher mortality, suggesting hyper- and hypothyroidism carry short-term risk in PD patients. Additional studies are needed to determine mechanisms underlying the thyroid dysfunction–mortality association, and whether normalization of TSH with treatment ameliorates mortality in this population.
Degrees of Public Relevance
Authors: Leypoldt Günter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHow can we relate the quantitative presence of literary artifacts to their ability to make a difference, and how does the problem of scale define public accounts of what can be considered relevant literary value? The idea of a singular space of reception (one literary “marketplace,” say, or one “public sphere”) is unhelpful. Rather, literary artifacts have potentially multiple social lives that differ in their relation to “sacralized” and “everyday” practices. An aesthetic object can thrive in many simultaneous or successive practice spaces that use and value it differently and that embed it in differing sites of authority. Moving from the Romantic period to the present, this article looks at the trajectories of Walter Scott as an earlier and Toni Morrison as a recent candidate for culturally relevant authorship.
Turbulent Flow
Authors: Long Hoyt , So Richard Jean 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article uses computational modeling and large-scale pattern detection to develop a theory of global textual transmission as a process of turbulent flow. Specifically, it models stream-of-consciousness narration as a discrete set of linguistic features and rhetorical elements and uses this model to track the movement of this modernist technique across generic boundaries (from anglophone modernism to more popular genres) and linguistic ones (from English to Japanese). Oscillating between statistical models and moments of close reading, the article shows how a quantitatively scaled-up approach, rather than reinforcing an image of global textual flows as singular and monolithic, illuminates world literature as a system constituted by patterns of divergence in structure and of difference in sameness.
Quality of surgical care of pancreatic cancer in a single payer North American health care system
Authors: Hurton Scott , Urquhart Robin , Kendall Cynthia , Jorgensen Margaret , Porter Geoff , Levy Adrian , Molinari Michele 
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Quality of surgical care of Canadian patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) is inadequately known. Primary aim of this study was to analyze the quality of care received by patients who underwent resections of PC in Nova Scotia over a 10-year period (2001-2011). Methods: All patients with PC (n. 1094) were identified using provincial cancer registries and only adult patients with resectable disease were included in the study (n. 109). Well established disease-specific quality indicators (QIs) were used as references. The proportion of patients who met those QIs was calculated. The average and 95 % confidence intervals of QIs were compared between patients treated in Nova Scotia and published references. Results: Surgical therapy was performed in 9.9 % of patients. Perioperative morbidity and mortality occurred in 25 % and 5 % of patients respectively. Overall survival was 57 % at 1 year, 18 % at 3 year and 9 % at 5 year. R1 resections occurred in 38 % of patients. When compared to published quality measures, patients in Nova Scotia had similar outcomes except for an inferior number of lymph nodes found in the surgical specimens (9 vs. 19; P<0.05). On the other hand, a significant proportion of patients did not fully meet several QIs linked to preoperative, surgical pathology and postoperative care. Conclusions: In Nova Scotia, the proportion of patients who underwent surgery for PC was lower than expected. Although perioperative morbidity, mortality and survival rates were comparable to published references, many did not meet established standard QIs.
EDUCAÇÃO NÃO ESCOLAR: DISCUSSÃO TERMINOLÓGICA E MAPEAMENTO DOS FUNDAMENTOS DAS TENDÊNCIAS
Authors: Martins Marcos Francisco 
Published: August 2016

O artigo problematiza as terminologias que são empregadas para denominar processos educativos desenvolvidos fora da escola e apresenta um mapeamento das tendências que eles seguem a partir dos fundamentos filosóficos que guardam, sustentado no materialismo histórico-dialético. Utiliza referências bibliográficas para sustentar o argumento de que não é neutra ética e politicamente a discussão terminológica e que a educação escolar e não escolar são determinadas e determinantes da vida social, porque operam com o modo de produção e de reprodução do ser social uma relação de tipo histórico-dialética, da qual resultam identidades entre as tendências que as orientam.
COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS E PRECONCEITO: SUBSÍDIOS PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Villela Fábio Fernandes 
Published: August 2016

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados da pesquisa que possibilitou investigar as representações sociais do preconceito contra a origem geográfica e de lugar em alunos de escolas de meio rural, com a finalidade principal de aprimorar a formação de professores (Cf. Autor, 2013-2015). No contexto da macrorregião de São José do Rio Preto (SP), são relevantes as representações sociais sobre os “caipiras”, de modo que este projeto colabora na elaboração de pesquisas interessadas na descrição e na compreensão de processos envolvendo relações entre o preconceito, a educação e o mundo rural, especialmente das comunidades tradicionais denominadas “caipiras”. Esta pesquisa possibilitou, com relação à formação de professores, problematizar a perspectiva da contra-hegemonia cultural; inferir que se deve trabalhar o preconceito contra a origem geográfica e de lugar como elemento de constituição da humanização do educando; e teorizar a formação na perspectiva da
Phytoextraction of cadmium and lead by three vegetable-crop plants
Authors: Ali Syed Yakub , Banerjee Sambhu Nath , Chaudhury Shibani 
Published: August 2016

Phytoextraction, is an effective and promising means to cure soil contamination with heavy metals. The present study investigates the ability of three vegetables plants for removal of heavy metals from the contaminated soil and metal mobilization to different plant parts. The three plants selected for the study, Momordica charantia, Vigna unguiculata and Solanum melongena were grown for 90 days in soils artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (50mg metal/kg of soil). The concentrations of the two metals were observed to be higher in roots of M. charantia and V. unguiculata than in soil, but root Pb level of S. melongena was slightly lower than that of soil after 90 days. Translocation potential of the heavy metals indicated higher accumulation of Cd in roots of M. charantia and S. melongena than in leaves while the pattern was completely opposite in V. unguiculata. Lead accumulation was higher in roots than in leaves for all the three plant species studied. The Translocation Factor (TF) of Cd for the three plants was in the range of 1.16 to 2.29 whereas, TF values of Pb remained <1, indicating that only small amount of Pb was translocated from roots to aerial parts.
The proteasome and epigenetics: zooming in on histone modifications
Authors: Bach Svitlana V. , Hegde Ashok N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe proteasome is a structural complex of many proteins that degrades substrates marked by covalent linkage to ubiquitin. Many years of research has shown a role for ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and memory mainly in degrading synaptic, cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. Recent work indicates that the proteasome has wider proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles in processes such as histone modifications that affect synaptic plasticity and memory. In this review, we assess the evidence gathered from neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell types regarding the function of the proteasome in positive or negative regulation of posttranslational modifications of histones, such as acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. We discuss the critical roles of the proteasome in clearing excess histone proteins in various cellular contexts and the possible non-proteolytic functions in regulating transcription of target genes. In addition, we summarize the current literature on diverse chromatin-remodeling machineries, such as histone acetyltransferases, deacetylates, methyltransferases and demethylases, as targets for proteasomal degradation across experimental models. Lastly, we provide a perspective on how proteasomal regulation of histone modifications may modulate synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.
Altered pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kulkarni Nagaraj M. , Malampati Sandeep , Mahat Mahamad Yunnus A. , Chandrasekaran S. , Raghul J. , Khan Ansar Ali , Krishnan Uma Maheswari , Narayanan Shridhar 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background:
Severe forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) adversely affect the liver physiology and hence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of NAFLD on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups. The first group (n=14) was fed with normal chow feed and the second group (n=14) was fed with 60% high-fat diet (HFD) and 40% high fructose liquid (HFL) for 60 days to induce NAFLD. The development of NAFLD was confirmed by histopathology, liver triglyceride levels and biochemical estimations, and used for pharmacokinetic investigations. Rosiglitazone was administered orally at 30 mg/kg dose. At predetermined time points, blood was collected and rosiglitazone concentrations were determined using LC/MS/MS. Plasma concentrations were subjected to non-compartmental analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin (6.3), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated by the linear-up log-down method.

Results:
HFD and HFL diet successfully induced NAFLD in mice. Rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics in NAFLD animals were altered significantly as compared to healthy mice. Rosiglitazone exposure increased significantly in NAFLD mice (2.5-fold higher AUC than healthy mice). The rosiglitazone oral clearance was significantly lower and the mean plasma half-life was significantly longer in NAFLD mice as compared to healthy mice.

Conclusions:
The NAFLD mouse model showed profound effects on rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics. The magnitude of change in rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics is similar to that observed in humans with moderate to severe liver disease. The present animal model can be utilized to study the NAFLD-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of different drugs.
Aqueous Phase Biosorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) onto Cabbage Leaves Powder
Authors: Kamar Firas Hashim , Nechifor Aurelia Cristina , Nechifor Gheorghe , Al-Musawi Tariq J. , Mohammed Asem Hassan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this study, the biosorption of lead (Pb(II)), copper (Cu(II)), and cadmium (Cd(II)) ions from aqueous solution using waste of cabbage leaves powder (CLP) was investigated as a function of pH, shaking time, initial metal concentration, and biosorbent dose. The maximum removal efficiency at optimum condition in single biosorption system was 95.67, 92.42, and 88.92 % for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) ions, respectively. These values reduced in ternary systems in the same sequence. Langmuir and extended Langmuir isotherm models were found to be the best fit of the isotherm data for single and ternary biosorption systems, respectively. The kinetic data of the three metals were better fit by the pseudo-second-order model with higher coefficient of determination and more closely predicted uptake. In addition, the results showed that the intraparticle diffusion was the dominating mechanism. Thermodynamic study showed that the biosorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) onto CLP was a chemical reaction which was exothermic in nature. Finally, SEM image shows that CLP has a number of heterogeneous small pores while the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis showed that the carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups are the major groups that are responsible for the biosorption process.
Potential analysis for research on occupational therapy-led physical exercise programmes and home environment adaptation programmes to prevent falls for elderly people living at home / Potenzialanalyse zu ergotherapeutischen körperlichen Trainingsprogrammen und Wohnraumanpassungen zur Vermeidung von Stürzen bei zu Hause lebenden älteren Menschen
Authors: Müller Christian , Lautenschläger Sindy , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
In Germany, four to five million community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older fall every year. The presented potential analysis evaluates the potential of occupational therapy-led physical exercise programs and home environment adaptations to reduce the frequency of falling and as well as intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for falling of older people living at home.

Methods
The potential analysis was compiled according to a method guideline (p.11-22) available as follows: http://www.cochrane. de/news/leitfaden-f%C3%BCr-gesundheitsfachberufe-mai-2013. The research question of fall prevention was considered as very relevant for health care and specified according to the PICOS-system. A Cochrane review was systematically searched and the body of evidence was assessed using the GRADE-system. In addition, studies after the search period of the Cochrane review were identified using the search strategy of this review. Both the studies within and after the review were assessed regarding their transferability to the German health care context.

Corpus of evidence
A Cochrane review from 2012 revealed that occupational therapy-led physical exercise programs reduced the frequency of falling of older people living at home (7 studies, 951 participants, 0.68 RaR; 95%-KI [0.58-0.80]), the number of fallers (6 studies, 714 participants, 0.78 RaR, 95%-KI [0.64-0.94]) and the fractures (6 studies, 810 participants, 0.34 RaR, 95%-KI [0.18-0.63]). Further studies showed that home environment adaptation programs significantly reduced the number of falls (4 studies, 1443 participants, 0.69 RaR, 95%-KI [0.55-0.86]) and the number of fallers (5 studies, 1153 participants, 0.79 RaR, 95%-KI [0.70-0.91]). However, direct implementation into the German healthcare context is not recommendable.

Implication for research
It is recommended (1) to manualise identified home environment adaptation programmes for the German healthcare context and (2) to pilot-test the physical exercise programmes ‘LiFE’ with regard to theoretical framework, acceptance, applicability and feasibility and to examine both interventions as part of a feasibility study. If this trial results in a feasible treatment programme well accepted by patients and their treating occupational therapists, a large-scaled randomized clinical trial in terms of comparative effectiveness research may follow.