bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctionalised acid-base hierarchically structured monolithic microreactor for continuous-flow tandem catalytic process of cyanocinnamate synthesis
Authors: Ciemięga Agnieszka , Maresz Katarzyna , Mrowiec-Białoń Julita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe results on zirconia-amine bifunctional modification of hierarchically porous silica monoliths for continuous-flow processes ar presented. The study reports the synthesis and properties of the modified porous monoliths and their performance in the tandem process of deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The properties of the materials were studied by thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XRF and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that both active centres were uniformly distributed along the monolithic cores, and the antagonistic interaction of the acid and base centres was not observed. It was shown that hydrophobicity of the monolith surface has opposite effects on the efficiency of the studied reactions. The overall rate of the tandem process depends on the rate of the condensation reaction. The performance of the bifunctional microreactors was checked and compared with those of cascade-connected monofunctional microreactors and batch reactor. The yield of cyanocinnamate product obtained in both flow systems was ca. 78%; however, pressure drop in the bimodified reactor was only half of that in the cascade. An effective way of water supply to the reaction system has been proposed. The research demonstrates the benefits of using flow-through structured micro-/mesoreactors in tandem reaction processes.
Forward genetic approach identifies a phylogenetically conserved serine residue critical for the catalytic activity of UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 12 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hajdu Anita , Nyári Dóra Vivien , Ádám Éva , Kim Yeon Jeong , Somers David E. , Silhavy Dániel , Nagy Ferenc , Kozma-Bognár László 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircadian clocks rely on transcriptional/translational feedback loops involving clock genes and their corresponding proteins. While the primary oscillations originate from gene expression, the precise control of clock protein stability plays a pivotal role in establishing the 24-hour circadian rhythms. Most clock proteins are degraded through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, yet the enzymes responsible for ubiquitination and deubiquitination remain poorly characterised. We identified a missense allele (ubp12-3, S327F) of the UBP12 gene/protein in Arabidopsis. Despite ubp12-3 exhibited a short period phenotype similar to that of a loss-of-function allele, molecular analysis indicated elevated protease activity in ubp12-3. We demonstrated that early flowering of ubp12 mutants is a result of the shortened circadian period rather than a direct alteration of UBP12 function. Analysis of protease activity of non-phosphorylatable (S327A, S327F) and phosphomimetic (S327D) derivatives in bacteria suggested that phosphorylation of serine 327 inhibits UBP12 enzymatic activity, which could explain the over-functioning of S327F in vivo. We showed that phosphomimetic mutations of the conserved serine in the Neurospora and human orthologues reduced ubiquitin cleavage activity suggesting that not only the primary structures of UBP12-like enzymes are phylogenetically conserved across a wide range of species, but also the molecular mechanisms governing their enzymatic activity.
CMTM3 regulates neutrophil activation and aggravates sepsis through TLR4 signaling
Authors: Xue Haiyan , Xiao Ziyan , Zhao Xiujuan , Li Shu , Cheng Qian , Fu Chun , Zhu Fengxue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRegulation of neutrophil activation plays a significant role in managing sepsis. CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing (CMTM)3 is a membrane protein involved in immune response. Here, we find that CMTM3 expression is elevated in sepsis and plays a crucial role in mediating the imbalance of neutrophil migration. Cmtm3 knockout improves the survival rate of septic mice, mitigate inflammatory responses, and ameliorate organ damage. Mechanistically, the deletion of Cmtm3 reduced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on neutrophils, leading to a decrease in the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) on the cell membrane. This resulted in a reduced migration of neutrophils from the bone marrow to the bloodstream, thereby attenuating their recruitment to vital organs. Our findings suggest that targeting CMTM3 holds promise as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate the dysregulation of neutrophil migration and multi-organ damage associated with sepsis.
Superior electrocatalytic performance of nitrogen-doped carbon-embedded Ni/NiO/NiB nanocrystals for urea oxidation
Authors: Zhao Xizi 
Published: October 2024

Ni/NiO/NiB anchored in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix was prepared using a straightforward method. The excellent performance of Ni/NiO/NiB@NC-500 for UOR is ascribed to its porous structure, B doping and nitrogen-doped carbon substrate.
Feasibility of Using Wearable Sensors to Measure Listening-Related Stress
Authors: Sarangi Lipika , Johnson Jani 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
This study evaluated the feasibility of using wearable sensors to assess listening-related stress in varying listening difficulties. The results were compared to listening effort assessed using laboratory-grade physiological measures. We hypothesized that these wearable sensors could accurately measure listening-related stress and that the results would be in the same direction as those observed with laboratory-grade equipment.

Method:
A within-subject repeated-measures study was conducted on 16 young adults with typical hearing ability. Participants wore three commercially available sensors to record heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and galvanic skin response (GSR). Participants' listening-related stress was assessed using self-report, wearable sensors, and laboratory-grade physiological measures while listening to sentences in noise. Listening conditions were manipulated in terms of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs; −4, 0, +4, and +8 dB SNR), sentence predictability (high and low), and stress-inducing negative feedback (flash of light and monetary punishers).

Results:
On average, participants reported higher arousal and task load with decreasing SNR, for low predictability, and with negative feedback. Participants had significantly higher HR and RR in difficult listening conditions, when measured with wearable sensors. However, no significant differences were observed for skin conductance. There was a good agreement between the measures for HR but not for RR and GSR.

Conclusions:
Although wearable sensors have potential in reflecting changes in listening effort, the results were not consistent with laboratory-grade measures. Methodological choices in both measures and design appear to affect outcomes. Future studies should focus on crafting designs appropriate to wearable devices to reflect changes in listening-related stress.
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive Stars at low metallicity
Authors: Verhamme O. , Sundqvist J. , de Koter A. , Sana H. , Backs F. , Brands S. A. , Najarro F. , Puls J. , Vink J. S. , Crowther P. A. , Kubátová B. , Sander A. A. C. , Bernini-Peron M. , Kuiper R. , Prinja R. K. , Schillemans P. , Shenar T. , van Loon J. Th. ,   XShootu collaboration
Published: October 2024

Context. Current implementations of mass loss for hot, massive stars in stellar evolution models usually include a sharp increase in mass loss when blue supergiants become cooler than Teff ∼ 20 − 22 kK. Such a drastic mass-loss jump has traditionally been motivated by the potential presence of a so-called bistability ionisation effect, which may occur for line-driven winds in this temperature region due to recombination of important line-driving ions.
Aims. We perform quantitative spectroscopy using UV (ULLYSES program) and optical (XShootU collaboration) data for 17 OB-supergiant stars in the LMC (covering the range Teff ∼ 14 − 32 kK), deriving absolute constraints on global stellar, wind, and clumping parameters. We examine whether there are any empirical signs of a mass-loss jump in the investigated region, and we study the clumped nature of the wind.
Methods. We used a combination of the model atmosphere code FASTWIND and the genetic algorithm (GA) code Kiwi-GA to fit synthetic spectra of a multitude of diagnostic spectral lines in the optical and UV.
Results. We find an almost monotonic decrease of mass-loss rate with effective temperature, with no signs of any upward mass loss jump anywhere in the examined region. Standard theoretical comparison models, which include a strong bistability jump thus severely overpredict the empirical mass-loss rates on the cool side of the predicted jump. Another key result is that across our sample we find that on average about 40% of the total wind mass seems to reside in the more diluted medium in between dense clumps.
Conclusions. Our derived mass-loss rates suggest that for applications such as stellar evolution one should not include a drastic bistability jump in mass loss for stars in the temperature and luminosity region investigated here. The derived high values of interclump density further suggest that the common assumption of an effectively void interclump medium (applied in the vast majority of spectroscopic studies of hot star winds) is not generally valid in this parameter regime.
Hot spots around Sagittarius A*
Authors: Yfantis A. I. , Wielgus M. , Mościbrodzka M. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) in the near-infrared (NIR) show irregular flaring activity. Flares coincide with the astrometric rotation of the brightness centroid and with looping patterns in fractional linear polarization. These signatures can be explained with a model of a bright hot spot, transiently orbiting the black hole.
Aims. We extend the capabilities of the existing algorithms to perform parameter estimation and model comparison in the Bayesian framework using NIR observations from the GRAVITY instrument, and simultaneously fitting the astrometric and polarimetric data.
Methods. Using the numerical radiative transfer code ipole, we defined several geometric models describing a hot spot orbiting Sgr A*, threaded with a magnetic field, and emitting synchrotron radiation. We then explored the posterior space of our models with a nested sampling code dynesty. We used Bayesian evidence to make comparisons between the models.
Results. We have used 11 models to sharpen our understanding of the importance of various aspects of the orbital model, such as non-Keplerian motion, hot-spot size, and off-equatorial orbit. All considered models converge to realizations that fit the data well, but the equatorial super-Keplerian model is favoured by the currently available NIR dataset.
Conclusions. We have inferred an inclination of ∼155 deg, which corroborates previous estimates, a preferred period of ∼70 minutes, and an orbital radius of ∼12 gravitational radii with the orbital velocity of ∼1.3 times the Keplerian value. A hot spot with a diameter smaller than 5 gravitational radii is favoured. Black hole spin is not constrained well.
Results of a New Treatment Protocol for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Betamethasone for Intratympanic Therapy
Authors: Lopes Paula Tardim , Almeida Jessica , Bento Ricardo Ferreira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a rapid sensation of hearing impairment in one or both ears. Based on its personal impact on patients, the present study advances the analysis of new treatments for the prompt recognition and management of SSNHL, with higher chances of improvements in terms of hearing recovery and quality of life of the patients.
Objective To describe the intratympanic (IT) corticoid infiltration technique, to demonstrate the efficacy of betamethasone injection as a sequential treatment in patients whose initial systemic steroid treatment failed, as well as to compare its use in different treatment periods.
Methods The present clinical trial was conducted with 37 patients referred to our office with the diagnosis of SSNHL, from September 2019 to May 2022, who provided informed consent to participate.
Results Even dividing the analysis of increasing the pure tone average (PTA) or speech recognition threshold (SRT) between the difference into initiation of the salvage therapy in up to 15 days of the sudden deafness event, and between 15 days and 3 months of the event, we did not find any difference in hearing improvement.
Conclusion Intratympanic corticosteroid therapy is prescribed when conventional therapy fails or when there is a limitation to the use of corticosteroids due to the presence of systemic disorders. As such, new drugs, such as bethametasone, are studied and show promising results.
Effect of Natural Ionizing Radiation on Health Indicators in Region with Monazite Sand in Brazil
Authors: Calegaro José Ulisses Manzzini , Casulari Luiz Augusto , Orlando Marcos Tadeu D'Azeredo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective This article compares the occurrence of cancer and germinal damage in the city of Guarapari-Espírito Santo (ES), an area with high natural ionizing radiation, with other coastal cities.
Material and Methods The evaluated cities were: Guarapari (ES), Campos (Rio de Janeiro), Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul), and Ilhéus (Bahia); the following factors were considered: mortality rate % from tumors (2007–2017), mortality rate % from tumors up to 15 years of age (2007–2017), hospital morbidity rate % from tumors up to 15 years of age (2008–2018), and hospital morbidity rate % from congenital malformation and chromosomal anomalies (2008–2018). Radiometric surveys were conducted by the Applied Physics Group at Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Results The natural radiation levels recorded in Guarapari resulted in accumulated dose between 3.65 and 10.95 mSv/year, and 1 mSv in the other cities. The highest average cancer mortality rates were: Rio Grande = 22.4%; Guarapari = 17.6%; Campos = 16.7%; and Ilhéus = 11.8%. The proportional hospital mortality and morbidity rates for cancer up to 15 years of age are as follows: Ilhéus = 3.36 and 5.87%; Rio Grande = 0.79 and 7.38%; Guarapari = 0.64 and 7.25%; and Campos = 0.39 and 9.13%. The hospital morbidity rate due to congenital malformations and chromosomal anomalies was 0.72% for Campos, 0.63% for Rio Grande, 0.62% for Guarapari, and 0.43% for Ilhéus.
Conclusion There was no increase in cases of cancer or germ damage in Guarapari. These results indicated a dose threshold in the induction of these damages, contradicting the current linear no-threshold theory.
The Role of Viral Infections in the Development and Progression of COPD
Authors: Burkes Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease seen in smokers associated with poor functional status, quality of life, and morbidity and mortality from acute worsening of chronic symptoms, also called exacerbations. As a disease, the risk factors for COPD are well defined; however, there is room for innovation in identifying underlying biological processes, or “endotypes,” that lead to the emergence and/or progression of COPD. Identifying endotypes allows for more thorough understanding of the disease, may reveal the means of disease prevention, and may be leveraged in novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the interface of viral infections with both cellular and epithelial immunity as a potential endotype of interest in COPD.
Therapy of Aspiration: Out-of-Hospital and In-Hospital-Acquired
Authors: Pan Di , Isaacs Bradley , Niederman Michael S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTherapeutic considerations for aspiration pneumonia prioritize the risk of multidrug-resistant organisms. This involves integrating microbiological insights with each patient's unique risk profile, including the location at the time of aspiration, and whether it occurred in or out of the hospital. Our understanding of the microbiology of aspiration pneumonia has also evolved, leading to a reassessment of anaerobic bacteria as the primary pathogens. Emerging research shows a predominance of aerobic pathogens, in both community and hospital-acquired cases. This shift challenges the routine use of broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting anaerobes, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance and complications such as Clostridium difficile infections—concerns that are especially relevant given the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance. Adopting a comprehensive, patient-specific approach that incorporates these insights can optimize antibiotic selection, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce the risk of resistance and adverse effects.
Qualitative insights into a scholarship scheme designed to optimise test scores and expedite SDG-4 actualisation in Nigeria
Authors: Ifediora Chris , Trimmer Karen , Ayodele Adeyinka Adewuyi , Obianyo Etomike 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite huge commitments, education quality and achievement gaps have remained low in developing countries, posing threats to the actualisation of the SDG-4 goals. A recent quantitative study found that a scholarship scheme that engages communities adopts hybrid selection criteria, and seeks en-masse motivation towards high test scores might be effective at improving education quality. Case Study interviews of 15 beneficiaries of the IFOMSSA Senior Scholarship, a scheme established in 2017 for high schools in Southeast Nigeria. Respondents confirmed that the Scheme’s hybrid (needs and merit-based) selection criteria, along with its en-masse motivation strategies and community involvement, all contributed to improved test scores and exam enrolments. Non-scholarship recipients were motivated as much as eventual recipients, affirming “mass motivation”. Community groups (family, friends, teachers, community leaders and government staff) had positive influences, while media publicity inspired confidence and trust. Scholarship schemes that integrate the advocated principles might hold the key to sustainably optimising test scores in developing countries. This expands options for improving education quality and enrolments.
Utilizing multi-point temperature sensing to evaluate the low frequency noise of phasemeter for intersatellite laser interferometer
Authors: Feng Yu-Jie , Jiang Yuan-Ze , Xiao Guo-Yao , Chen Liu-Yang , Lu Bai-Fu , Xu Zhi-Lin , Liang Yu-Rong 
Published: October 2024

High-precision phasemeters are a key technology in intersatellite laser interferometers used for detecting gravitational waves (GWs) in space. As the core of the readout system, the phasemeter must operate in the bandwidth of 5–25 MHz, and its resolution needs to reach the order of μrad/Hz at mHz. It presents significant challenges to electronic signal processing technology. To investigate the primary noise source in the low-frequency band, a mathematical model of thermal drift to phase noise was established, and a multi-point temperature sensing scheme for critical electronic components was proposed. In particular, we evaluated a phasemeter based on a commercial platform and assessed the thermal drift noise according to the proposed model. This study identifies and explains the effects of temperature linear drift and overcorrection in components, demonstrating that thermal drift noise is the main noise source for the phasemeter at frequencies from 0.1 to 1 mHz. In addition, the proposed scheme is universal in its applicability and may be implemented in any circuit for the evaluation of temperature effects on the components of interest.
ReGap
Authors: Hidalgo-Ternero Carlos Manuel , Pastor Gloria Corpas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research presents ReGap, a text-preprocessing algorithm for the automatic token-based
identification and conversion of discontinuous multiword expressions (MWEs) into their canonical state, i.e., their
continuous form, as a means to optimise neural machine translation (NMT) systems. To this end, an experiment with
flexible verb-noun idiomatic constructions (VNICs) is conducted in order to assess to what extent ReGap can enhance
the performance of the most robust NMT system to date, DeepL, under the challenge of MWE discontinuity in the
Spanish-into-English and the Spanish-into-German directionalities. In this regard, the promising results yielded for
VNICs will shed some light on new avenues for enhancing MWE‑aware NMT systems.
Evaluating a bracketing protocol for multiword terms
Authors: León-Araúz Pilar , Cabezas-García Melania 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multiword terms (MWTs) are frequently used to encapsulate and convey meaning in scientific and
technical texts. However, they can also make these texts difficult to understand because the relations between
constituents are not transparent. When MWTs have more than two constituents, a dependency analysis (bracketing) is
often necessary to facilitate their interpretation. NLP has proposed various models to automatize bracketing
operations, but none has been entirely satisfactory. This paper presents a protocol that combines various models and
applies it to a set of three-constituent MWTs in order to: (i) sort rules by their disambiguation potential, based on
their likelihood of retrieving results from any corpus and their ability to solve bracketing; and (ii) ascertain the
influence of corpus size and type in the results obtained.
Semantic annotation of named rivers and its application for the prediction of multiword-term
bracketing
Authors: Rojas-Garcia Juan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The acquisition of knowledge is essential for specialized translation, hence the representation of
specialized phraseology in terminological knowledge bases is part of this process. The aim of this study was thus
two-fold. Firstly, it describes how the semantic annotation of predicate-argument structure of sentences mentioning
named rivers can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-based Terminology. The results showed that this approach
provides valuable insights into the knowledge structures underlying the usage of named rivers in specialized texts.
Secondly, this study explores whether the bracketing of a three-component multi-word term can be predicted from the
semantic information encoded in the sentence where the ternary compound and a named river are used as arguments. The
semantic annotations permitted construction of two machine-learning models capable of accurately predicting
ternary-compound bracketing.
Misquoting the ancients
Authors: Galambos Imre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Kangxi zidian 康熙字典 [Kangxi Dictionary] was without doubt the most influential and widely used dictionary in China during
the past three centuries, and its impact on education, scholarship, and intellectual life in general, cannot be overstated. The
dictionary’s compilation was a major step in the development of Chinese lexicography, and it has been at the foundation of all
large dictionary projects ever since. This paper addresses the editors’ tendency to misquote and misattribute quotations, which
has been among the most commonly criticized issues. My aim here is not to identify further mistakes but to document the patterns
of misquotations, as these can help understand the process of the dictionary’s compilation. One noteworthy find is that in many
cases members of the editorial team quoted their sources indirectly, relying on more recent encyclopedias and miscellanea.