bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Respiratory Isolation for Tuberculosis to Reduce Community-based Transmission: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R , Pearl Abarna , Biewer Amanda , Young Laura , Mukasa Leonard , Delrooz Naveed , Subramanian Advaith , Miller Sarah , Mase Sundari , Munsiff Sonal S , Nardell Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory isolation of people with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including after treatment initiation, is used to prevent community-based transmission; yet guidelines on duration are limited and implementation is heterogeneous. This systematic review synthesized evidence on respiratory isolation for TB to inform National TB Coalition of America guidelines.

Methods
After searching 6 databases, 8 reviewers screened and extracted data in duplicate on effects of respiratory isolation compared to no isolation or masking. Studies were stratified by outcomes: TB infection or disease in contacts, mortality, hospitalization duration, patient and health system costs, and impact on mental health or stigma. We used a convergent integrated approach to synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings and assess limitations.

Results
Seventeen studies were included. There were limited data directly comparing isolation to non-isolation interventions, including effects after treatment initiation. One randomized controlled trial suggested treatment in a sanatorium versus at home did not affect TB incidence in contacts. Modeling studies suggest isolation may reduce transmission but relied on various assumptions, and isolation was implemented alongside other interventions. Descriptive, mixed-methods, and qualitative studies described adverse impacts of isolation on employment, education, food/housing security, and mental health due to transmission fears, stigma, and social isolation. Impacts were compounded in marginalized groups including Indigenous and incarcerated persons.

Conclusions
Data to support current isolation practices, particularly after effective treatment initiation, to reduce TB transmission in communities are limited. Public health guidance should weigh the negative impacts on people with TB against decreased community transmission to make evidence-based decisions about respiratory isolation.
Trust, Contextual Impartiality, and Open-Mindedness in Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Brekoulakis Stavros , Howard Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article analyses impartiality in Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) by identifying the way that the parties’ trust in arbitrators is constructed. Drawing on the findings of a large-scale empirical project, it questions the applicability of an orthodox judicial doctrine of impartiality to ISDS on the grounds that trust in arbitrators is constructed on a fundamentally different basis from that of trust in judges. The primary feature of a judicial doctrine of impartiality is that trust is founded on an absolutist approach to impartiality which is intended to ensure that judges have no predispositions to parties. In contrast, trust in ISDS is founded on the method of party appointment which is based on a very different assumption—that arbitrators’ predispositions can be valuable and appropriate in the decision-making process. Drawing on empirical findings, moral philosophy, and psychology, this article proposes the idea of contextual impartiality. Under this approach, the question is not whether an arbitrator can meet universal standards of impartiality irrespective of the context within which the arbitrator operates. Rather, the critical distinction is between permissible and impermissible partiality which depends on whether the individual is reasonably expected to act partially because of their circumstances. In this respect, the article identifies open-mindedness as a fundamental feature of a contextual approach to impartiality and a bright line between permissible and impermissible partiality.
StopKB: a comprehensive knowledgebase for nonsense suppression therapies
Authors: Haas Nicolas , Thompson Julie Dawn , Renaud Jean-Paul , Chennen Kirsley , Poch Olivier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nonsense variations, characterized by premature termination codons, play a major role in human genetic diseases as well as in cancer susceptibility. Despite their high prevalence, effective therapeutic strategies targeting premature termination codons remain a challenge. To understand and explore the intricate mechanisms involved, we developed StopKB, a comprehensive knowledgebase aggregating data from multiple sources on nonsense variations, associated genes, diseases, and phenotypes. StopKB identifies 637 317 unique nonsense variations, distributed across 18 022 human genes and linked to 3206 diseases and 7765 phenotypes. Notably, ∼32% of these variations are classified as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay-insensitive, potentially representing suitable targets for nonsense suppression therapies. We also provide an interactive web interface to facilitate efficient and intuitive data exploration, enabling researchers and clinicians to navigate the complex landscape of nonsense variations. StopKB represents a valuable resource for advancing research in precision medicine and more specifically, the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for genetic diseases associated with nonsense variations.
Database URL: https://lbgi.fr/stopkb/
Optimal polyandry in fruit flies
Authors: Yan Janice L , Rosenbaum Jack R , Yang Dan , Dukas Reuven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study of polyandry has received increasing scientific attention with an emphasis on the fitness benefits and costs that females derive from mating with multiple males. There are still gaps in our understanding of how polyandry affects female fitness, however, as many previous studies compared the fitness outcomes of a single mating vs. 2 or 3 matings and did not separate the consequences of multiple mating from the costs of sexual harassment. We, therefore, conducted controlled mating trials with female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) that could mate at either low (every 8 days), medium (every 4 days), or high (every other day) rates while controlling for exposure to harassment from males. We found that female lifetime fitness was highest under the high mating-rate followed by the medium mating-rate conditions. Moreover, we did not detect reductions in lifespan as a consequence of higher rates of polyandry. Our results demonstrate that even at realistically high rates, polyandry can lead to net fitness benefits for females, which can have major implications for sexual selection. Specifically, we discuss the significance of our findings as they relate to competition and the evolution of secondary sex characteristics in females, and sperm competition among males.
A predictive model and rapid multi-dynamic algorithm developed based on tumor-stroma percentage in gastric cancer: a retrospective, observational study
Authors: Xu Yitian , Yang Yan , Cheng Feichi , Luo Zai , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Pengshan , Qiu Jiahui , Qiu Zhengjun , Huang Chen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Tumor-stroma percentage (TSP) is a prognostic risk factor in numerous solid tumors. Despite this, the prognostic significance of TSP in gastric cancer (GC) remains underexplored. Through the development of a personalized predictive model and a semi-automatic identification system, our study aimed to fully unlock the predictive potential of TSP in GC.

Methods
We screened GC patients from Shanghai General Hospital (SGH) between 2012 and 2019 to develop and validate a nomogram. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were employed to identify independent prognostic factors influencing the prognosis for GC patients. The nomogram was further validated externally by using a cohort from Bengbu Medical College (BMC). All patients underwent radical gastrectomy, with those diagnosed with locally advanced GC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome measured was overall survival (OS). The semi-automatic identification of the TSP was achieved through a computer-aided detection (CAD) system, denoted as TSP-cad, while TSP identified by pathologists was labeled as TSP-visual.

Results
A total of 813 GC patients from SGH and 59 from BMC were enrolled in our study. TSP-visual was identified as an adverse prognostic factor for OS in GC and was found to be associated with pathological Tumor Node Metastasis staging system (pTNM) stage, T stage, N stage, perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), TSP-visual, tumor size, and other factors. Multivariate Cox regression using the training cohort revealed that TSP-visual (hazard ratio [HR], 2.042; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.485–2.806; P &lt; 0.001), N stage (HR, 2.136; 95% CI, 1.343–3.397; P = 0.010), PNI (HR , 1.791; 95% CI, 1.270–2.526; P = 0.001), and LVI (HR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.021–2.152; P = 0.039) were independent predictors. These factors were incorporated into a novel nomogram, which exhibited strong predictive accuracy for 5-year OS in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts (area under the curve = 0.744, 0.759, and 0.854, respectively). The decision curve analysis of the nomogram and concordance indexes across the three cohorts outperformed the traditional pTNM (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, TSP-cad assessment using a rapid multi-dynamic algorithm demonstrated good agreement with TSP-visual.

Conclusions
The novel nomogram based on TSP could effectively identify individuals at risk of a poor prognosis among patients with GC. TSP-cad is anticipated to enhance the evaluation process of TSP.
Mutation potentiates migration swamping in polygenic local adaptation
Authors: Sakamoto Takahiro , Whiting James R , Yeaman Sam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Locally adapted traits can exhibit a wide range of genetic architectures, from pronounced divergence at a few loci to small frequency divergence at many loci. The type of architecture that evolves depends strongly on the migration rate, as weakly selected loci experience swamping and do not make lasting contributions to divergence. Simulations from previous studies showed that even when mutations are strongly selected and should resist migration swamping, the architecture of adaptation can collapse and become transient at high mutation rates. Here, we use an analytical two-population model to study how this transition in genetic architecture depends upon population size, strength of selection, and parameters describing the mutation process. To do this, we develop a mathematical theory based on the diffusion approximation to predict the threshold mutation rate above which the transition occurs. We find that this performs well across a wide range of parameter space, based on comparisons with individual-based simulations. The threshold mutation rate depends most strongly on the average effect size of mutations, weakly on the strength of selection, and marginally on the population size. Across a wide range of the parameter space, we observe that the transition to a transient architecture occurs when the trait-wide mutation rate is 10−3–10−2, suggesting that this phenomenon is potentially relevant to complex traits with a large mutational target. On the other hand, based on the apparent stability of genetic architecture in many classic examples of local adaptation, our theory suggests that per-trait mutation rates are often relatively low.
Mental health literacy of adolescents in Bermuda, according to age, gender and race
Authors: Cavanagh Daniel , Jorm Anthony , Reavley Nicola , Basden Shawnee , Hart Laura M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) is an important part of the help-seeking process, yet there is a lack of knowledge about the MHL of adolescents in the Caribbean. This region is important to study as it is underrepresented in mental health research globally. The aim of this study is to explore the ability of adolescents in Bermuda to recognize depression and social phobia (social anxiety) and their beliefs about the sources of help for a peer with these mental health problems. This cross-sectional study surveyed middle and high school students aged 10–19 years in Bermuda. Online surveys conducted between November 2022 and June 2023 gathered demographic data including age, gender and race, and assessed the ability to recognize depression and social anxiety from descriptions provided in randomly assigned vignettes, and beliefs about sources of help. Across 15 middle and high schools, 2423 adolescents (out of 3593 eligible participants) completed all demographic and MHL survey questions (1139 males, 1272 females). Recognition rates for depression and social anxiety were 60% and 53%, respectively. Compared to females, males endorsed a greater variety of help sources. Reporting symptoms of depression or anxiety reduced the likelihood of endorsing multiple sources of help. MHL of adolescents in Bermuda is sub-optimal, particularly for social anxiety. Mental health promotion programs may be useful in improving recognition rates.
Maintaining breed integrity: Successful introgression of the SLICK1 allele into the Holstein breed
Authors: Zayas Gabriel A , Dikmen Serdal , Mateescu Raluca G , Hansen Peter J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of genetic introgression of the SLICK1 allele derived from Senepol cattle into the Holstein breed to enhance thermotolerance. The SLICK1 allele, located in the PRLR gene, confers a short and sleek coat that is inherited as a simple dominant phenotype. Approximately 40 years ago, the University of Florida initiated efforts to introgress this allele into the Holstein population. Here we tracked the introgression of the SLICK1 allele using a medium-density genotyping array and a reference population of both breeds (50 Holstein, 46 Senepol). Among the 31 SLICK1+ Holsteins, there was 15.25% ± 11.11% (mean ± SD) Senepol ancestry on BTA20. Holsteins at the University of Florida descended from slick matings that did not inherit the SLICK1 allele (n = 9) exhibited no Senepol ancestry. A secondary introgression of Senepol genetics in SLICK1+ animals was found on BTA4, spanning 54 markers and 15 genes, with 26.67% Senepol ancestry. This region, previously linked to heat stress adaptation, suggests that the introgression extends beyond the SLICK1 allele to incorporate additional beneficial genetics for thermal stress adaptation. These findings indicate that deliberate introgression of the SLICK1 allele enhances specific traits and potentially introduces other adaptive genetic variations. The study demonstrates the successful use of genetic interventions to improve livestock resilience against environmental challenges without significantly disrupting the recipient breed’s genetic structure. The introgression of the SLICK1 allele serves as a model for breeding programs aimed at optimizing animal welfare and productivity in the face of global climate change while maintaining breed integrity.
Incumbent or Challenger?—Assessing Ecosystem Competition in the DMA
Authors: van den Boom Jasper 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the role of ecosystem competition and ecosystem power in designating gatekeepers under the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The study is prompted by ByteDance’s objections to its designation, where it describes itself as a challenger instead of a gatekeeper. The article highlights the differing perspectives of ByteDance, TikTok’s parent company, and the European Commission. ByteDance’s ‘challenger defence’ rests on the idea that they lack ecosystem power. Despite its success within the core platform service, the size of their ecosystem of products is small in comparison to other gatekeepers. This would indicate that they are not entrenched. The Commission focuses on gatekeeper power, and views ByteDance as another incumbent gatekeeper. The Commission currently conducts a very limited assessment of ecosystem power when designating gatekeepers, making it difficult to determine the validity of the ‘challenger defence’. Incorporating a more extensive assessment of ecosystem power and competition between ecosystem operators could enhance fairness and market contestability. Ignoring this aspect could lead to negative consequences and produce negative effects for users and competition in the long-term. The article proposes that there are benefits to contestability if the Commission expands its assessment to include ecosystem competition and offers suggestions on procedural implementation and effectuation of this broader analysis.
Bildung and the significance of place: an overview
Authors: Korsgaard Morten Timmermann , Hilt Line , Wiberg Merete , Solberg Mariann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This introduction attempts to map out the educational and philosophical landscape in which the individual papers move. The movement from the familiar to the unknown, from alienation to homeliness, has been central to theories of Bildung since their emergence, while the role of the specific materiality of places in which Bildung takes place has remained somewhat unexplored. This special issue engages the perennial tensions and questions emerging with the notion of Bildung as these appear in literature and philosophy from the vantage point of place.
The Impact of Anterior Pelvic Tilt on Return to Duty/Return to Run in Active Duty Personnel After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Rogers Jill , Garcia E’Stephan , Lopez Preston , Bader Julia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Annually, 300,000 soldiers are rendered medically nondeployable because of musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs). Of this population, nearly 10,000 (3.3%) involve injuries to the hip. Factors related to these injuries impose significant healthcare, financial, and readiness burdens on the Army system, degrading overall mission readiness. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess for correlation between increased anterior pelvic tilt and a lower likelihood for return to duty/return to run (RTD/RTR) in active duty personnel who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), thus identifying increased anterior pelvic tilt as a potential prognostic indicator for RTD/RTR.

Materials and Methods
Ninety-two active duty U.S. Army service members aged 18 years or older who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI at the William Beaumont Army Medical Center from September 1, 2014, to September 1, 2019, were included. Utilizing a retrospective review of existing data, the amount of anterior pelvic tilt, as estimated on a presurgical weight-bearing anterior–posterior pelvis radiograph using the distance from the pubic symphysis to the transischial line, was measured and compared to postoperative RTD/RTR statuses, assessing for correlation.

Results
The overall RTD rate was 39.1% with a 22.8% RTR rate. Only 6.5% (6/92) of subjects returned to full, unrestricted duty and running. Logistic regression analyses showed that individuals with increased anterior pelvic tilt (≥7°) were 2.6 times less likely to RTD and 2.9 times less likely to RTR compared to those with minimal or no anterior pelvic tilt (&lt;7°) (respectively, odds ratio (OR) 2.619; 95% CI, 1.107-6.195; P = .029 and OR 2.897; 95% CI, 1.041-8.059; P = .042). Results support the study teams’ hypothesis that increased anterior pelvic tilt is associated with a lower odds of RTD/RTR.

Conclusions
Statistical analysis confirmed the correlation between an increased amount of anterior pelvic tilt and a lower odds of RTD and RTR after hip arthroscopy for FAI in active duty U.S. Army personnel. This information can be used in patient counseling to better inform shared decision-making, provide more thorough informed consent, and help determine the optimal timing for surgical intervention, thus contributing to better stewardship of medical resources and decreasing the ever-growing financial healthcare burden. These findings will spur future research to consider the causes and optimal treatment of anterior pelvic tilt, positively impacting the culture of Army medicine by focusing on preventive and targeted treatments in order to preserve and grow the force.
MeerKAT observations of Herschel protocluster candidates
Authors: Ding Y , Clements D L , Leeuw L L , Heywood I , Dannerbauer H , Parmar A , Legodi P , Ivison R J , Blake R , Gutiérrez C M , Carnero A , Sutherland W 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
High-redshift protoclusters consisting of dusty starbursts are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution. Their dusty nature makes them bright in the far-infrared (FIR)/submm but difficult to find in optical/near-infrared (NIR) surveys. Radio observations are an excellent way to study these dusty starbursts, as dust is transparent in the radio and there is a tight correlation between the FIR and radio emission of a galaxy. Here, we present MeerKAT 1.28 GHz radio imaging of three Herschel candidate protoclusters, with a synthesized beam size of $\sim 7.5\, \mathrm{ arcsec}\times 6.6$ arcsec and a central thermal noise down to $4.35~\mu$Jy beam−1. Our source counts are consistent with other radio counts with no evidence of overdensities. Around 95 per cent of the Herschel sources have 1.28 GHz IDs. Using the Herschel$250~\mu$m primary beam size as the searching radius, we find 54.2 per cent Herschel sources have multiple 1.28 GHz IDs. Our average FIR-radio correlation coefficient $q_{250\mu \text{m}}$ is $2.33\pm 0.26$. Adding $q_{250\mu \text{m}}$ as a new constraint, the probability of finding chance-aligned sources is reduced by a factor of $\sim 6$, but with the risk of discarding true identifications of radio-loud/quiet sources. With accurate MeerKAT positions, we cross-match our Herschel sources to optical/NIR data followed by photometric redshift estimations. By removing $z&lt; 1$ sources, the density contrasts of two of the candidate protoclusters increase, suggestive of them being real protoclusters at $z&gt; 1$. There is also potentially a $0.9&lt; z&lt; 1.2$ overdensity associated with one candidate protocluster. In summary, photometric redshifts from radio-optical cross-identifications have provided some tentative evidence of overdensities aligning with two of the candidate protoclusters.