bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and dynamics of two-dimensional fully nonlinear gravity–capillary solitary waves in deep water
Authors: Wang Z. 
Published: November 2016

The stability and dynamics of two-dimensional gravity–capillary solitary waves in deep water within the fully nonlinear water-wave equations are numerically studied. It is well known that there are two families of symmetric gravity–capillary solitary waves – depression waves and elevation waves – bifurcating from infinitesimal periodic waves at the minimum of the phase speed. The stability of both branches was previously examined by Calvo & Akylas (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 452, 2002, pp. 123–143) by means of a numerical spectral analysis. Their results show that the depression solitary waves with single-valued profiles are stable, while the elevation branch experiences a stability exchange at a turning point on the speed–amplitude curve. In the present paper, we provide numerical evidence that the depression solitary waves with an overhanging structure are also stable. On the other hand, Dias et al. (Eur. J. Mech. B, vol. 15, 1996, pp. 17–36) numerically traced the elevation branch and discovered that its speed–amplitude bifurcation curve features a ‘snake-like’ behaviour with many turning points, whereas Calvo & Akylas (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 452, 2002, pp. 123–143) only considered the stability exchange near the first turning point. Our results reveal that the stability exchange occurs again near the second turning point. A branch of asymmetric solitary waves is also considered and found to be unstable, even when the wave profile consists of a depression wave and a stable elevation one. The excitation of stable gravity–capillary solitary waves is carried out via direct numerical simulations. In particular, the stable elevation waves, which feature two troughs connected by a small dimple, can be excited by moving two fully localised, well-separated pressures on the free surface with the speed slightly below the phase speed minimum and removing the pressures simultaneously after a period of time.
Velocity statistics inside coherent vortices generated by the inverse cascade of 2-D turbulence
Authors: Kolokolov I. V. , Lebedev V. V. 
Published: November 2016

We analyse velocity fluctuations inside coherent vortices generated as a result of the inverse cascade in the two-dimensional (2-D) turbulence in a finite box. As we demonstrated in Kolokolov & Lebedev (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 93, 2016, 033104), the universal velocity profile, established in Laurie et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113, 2014, 254503), corresponds to the passive regime of the flow fluctuations. This property enables one to calculate correlation functions of the velocity fluctuations in the universal region. We present the results of the calculations that demonstrate a non-trivial scaling of the structure function. In addition the calculations reveal strong anisotropy of the structure function.
Radiocarbon Dating of Bones at the LARA Laboratory in Bern, Switzerland
Authors: Szidat Sönke , Vogel Edith , Gubler Regula , Lösch Sandra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Laboratory for the Analysis of Radiocarbon with AMS (LARA) was established at the University of Bern in 2013. Since then, the quality of sample preparation and radiocarbon measurement procedures have been validated for different materials such as plant remains, macrofossils, bulk sediment, charcoals, and wood. This article presents the optimization of sample pretreatment of bones based on protocols described in the literature. The extraction of collagen was performed with an acid-base-acid treatment, gelatinization, coarse filtration, lyophilization, and graphitization. Dating results were validated as satisfactory for the Holocene by investigation of 36 individual samples previously dated by other 14C laboratories including VIRI/SIRI materials and from well-known archaeological contexts. An additional blank contribution for bone treatment was determined by comparison with the preparation of other sample materials. The cases of two outliers from the Holocene were studied in detail.
Development of a FFQ for breast cancer survivors in Korea
Authors: Shin Woo-kyoung , Song Sihan , Hwang Eunkyung , Moon Hyeong-Gon , Noh Dong-Young , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDiet may play an important role in breast cancer recurrence or survival, and therefore assessment of long-term diet among breast cancer survivors is important in breast cancer survivorship research. Given that the diet of breast cancer survivors may differ from that of the general population, the use of a FFQ specific to this group may be needed. The objective of this study was to develop a FFQ for breast cancer survivors, the most commonly used tool to measure long-term dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiological studies. We collected information on the foods and amounts of foods consumed using 3-d dietary records from a total of 192 women who had been diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancers and had undergone breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before the baseline study. A total of 1254 foods and dishes consumed were re-grouped by the similarity of the main ingredients and/or serving units, and several dishes commonly consumed among the Korean population were added. After we performed contribution analyses and variability analyses to detect between-person variation for selected nutrients, we listed a total of 123 foods and dishes for the FFQ specific to breast cancer survivors. Our breast cancer survivor-specific FFQ can be used to estimate long-term dietary intake and to examine its association with breast cancer prognosis in epidemiological studies of breast cancer in Korea.
STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?
Authors: Planas Jordi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn the early 20thcentury, governments not only used trade policy to protect domestic agricultural markets, but they also introduced regulations affecting quality, quantity and prices. In this article I assess the differences in the state intervention in wine markets in two major wine-producing countries, France and Spain, and try to explain the reasons for them. To do so, I examine the specific features of their markets and productive systems, the winegrowers’ collective action, and the political framework in each country. I argue that the differences are related to (a) the strength and cohesion of the winegrowers’ lobby, (b) the winegrowers’ relationship with political parties and (c) the state’s ability to respond to their demands.
Holding “China Inc.” Together: The CCP and The Rise of China's Yangqi
Authors: Li Chen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the rise of China's centrally controlled businesses (yangqi 央企), a batch of large business groups and financial institutions controlled by China's central party-state. It starts by comparing two competing policy approaches to defining the relations between the Party and state enterprise sector: the separation approach versus the adaptation approach. It then examines how the Party's “pro-big business” policies have shaped China's large enterprise reform since the 1960s and led to the formation of the yangqi. It also describes the key mechanisms used by the CCP to control the yangqi, including its personnel management system and disciplinary force. It further identifies and summarizes three key modes of the Party's intervention in the rise of the yangqi: institutional and policy entrepreneurship; leveraged personnel control; and residual mobilization capacity. The article concludes by discussing the future prospects for reforming the relations between the Party and big business in China.
Congenital coronary artery anomalies in adults: review of 111 cases from a single-centre experience
Authors: Çanga Yiğit , Güvenç Tolga S. , Karataş Mehmet B. , Çalık Ali N. , Onuk Tolga , Tanık Veysel O. , Güngör Barış , Bolca Osman 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery anomalies are a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders presenting with a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from vague chest pain to sudden cardiac death. Despite available data, there is no consensus about the classification, nomenclature, and outcomes of coronary anomalies in the normally connected heart. In this study, we aimed to investigate clinical and angiographic characteristics of coronary arterial anomalies, as well as the frequency of atherosclerotic involvement in anomalous coronaries, diagnosed at a tertiary referral centre.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed coronary angiograms performed between 2011 and 2015 for the presence of a coronary anomaly. A total of 111 patients with a final diagnosis of coronary anomaly were included in the study group. We also recruited 110 age- and sex-matched patients who underwent coronary angiography because of symptomatic coronary artery disease as controls.ResultsAmong 36,893 coronary angiograms, 111 (0.30%) major coronary anomalies were found. Compared with controls, the prevalence of significant atherosclerotic coronary disease was lower in patients with coronary anomalies and stable symptoms (p=0.02); however, the prevalence of significant coronary atherosclerosis was similar among patients admitted with unstable angina or myocardial infarction (p>0.05). Compared with controls, patients with an anomalous left anterior descending coronary artery had significantly less atherosclerotic involvement than those in whom the left anterior descending artery was not anomalous (p=0.005).ConclusionsAlthough coronary artery anomalies are cited as a cause for myocardial ischaemia, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is also frequent and may offer an alternative explanation to ischaemic symptoms. No predisposition to accelerated atherosclerosis was found, however, and atherosclerotic involvement was less frequent in some anomalous vessels.
portabam, portabas, portabat: Revolutionising Rote-learning by Utilising Sound and Movement to Introduce the Imperfect and Perfect Tenses
Authors: Mortimer Lottie 
Published: November 2016

Latin teaching is stereotypically associated with rote-learning or as Mount (Amo,Amas, Amat … And All That,2006, p. 13)summarises the experience: ‘learning dreary declensions and conjugations’. When I tell people that I am training to teach Latin, the most common response that I get in reply is something along the lines of ‘Oh, I did Latin in school…I wasn't very good at it… but I can still remember –bo, -bis, -bit…’ and they continue to conjugate in front of me. For many people their only memory of Latin is a joyless experience of grammar by rote, inspiring such rhymes as the one above. Although currently pedagogically unfashionable, there must be some value in rote-learning if people can still recite grammatical paradigms decades later. Inspired by this, I wanted to explore rote-learning in the modern classroom by utilising current research on methods of teaching Latin in the primary sector. Primary Latin teaching often includes sound and movement to engage learners, whilst retaining a heavy emphasis on grammar. I wanted to explore whether such techniques would work at secondary level.
A time transect of exomes from a Native American population before and after European contact
Authors: Lindo John , Huerta-Sánchez Emilia , Nakagome Shigeki , Rasmussen Morten , Petzelt Barbara , Mitchell Joycelynn , Cybulski Jerome S. , Willerslev Eske , DeGiorgio Michael , Malhi Ripan S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA major factor for the population decline of Native Americans after European contact has been attributed to infectious disease susceptibility. To investigate whether a pre-existing genetic component contributed to this phenomenon, here we analyse 50 exomes of a continuous population from the Northwest Coast of North America, dating from before and after European contact. We model the population collapse after European contact, inferring a 57% reduction in effective population size. We also identify signatures of positive selection on immune-related genes in the ancient but not the modern group, with the strongest signal deriving from the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) gene HLA-DQA1. The modern individuals show a marked frequency decrease in the same alleles, likely due to the environmental change associated with European colonization, whereby negative selection may have acted on the same gene after contact. The evident shift in selection pressures correlates to the regional European-borne epidemics of the 1800s.
Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: Ji Jianping , Song Xiufeng , Liu Jizi , Yan Zhong , Huo Chengxue , Zhang Shengli , Su Meng , Liao Lei , Wang Wenhui , Ni Zhenhua , Hao Yufeng , Zeng Haibo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnlike the unstable black phosphorous, another two-dimensional group-VA material, antimonene, was recently predicted to exhibit good stability and remarkable physical properties. However, the synthesis of high-quality monolayer or few-layer antimonenes, sparsely reported, has greatly hindered the development of this new field. Here, we report the van der Waals epitaxy growth of few-layer antimonene monocrystalline polygons, their atomical microstructure and stability in ambient condition. The high-quality, few-layer antimonene monocrystalline polygons can be synthesized on various substrates, including flexible ones, via van der Waals epitaxy growth. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the obtained antimonene polygons have buckled rhombohedral atomic structure, consistent with the theoretically predicted most stable β-phase allotrope. The very high stability of antimonenes was observed after aging in air for 30 days. First-principle and molecular dynamics simulation results confirmed that compared with phosphorene, antimonene is less likely to be oxidized and possesses higher thermodynamic stability in oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. Moreover, antimonene polygons show high electrical conductivity up to 104 S m−1 and good optical transparency in the visible light range, promising in transparent conductive electrode applications.
High spatial dynamics-photoluminescence imaging reveals the metallurgy of the earliest lost-wax cast object
Authors: Thoury M. , Mille B. , Séverin-Fabiani T. , Robbiola L. , Réfrégiers M. , Jarrige J-F , Bertrand L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhotoluminescence spectroscopy is a key method to monitor defects in semiconductors from nanophotonics to solar cell systems. Paradoxically, its great sensitivity to small variations of local environment becomes a handicap for heterogeneous systems, such as are encountered in environmental, medical, ancient materials sciences and engineering. Here we demonstrate that a novel full-field photoluminescence imaging approach allows accessing the spatial distribution of crystal defect fluctuations at the crystallite level across centimetre-wide fields of view. This capacity is illustrated in archaeology and material sciences. The coexistence of two hitherto indistinguishable non-stoichiometric cuprous oxide phases is revealed in a 6,000-year-old amulet from Mehrgarh (Baluchistan, Pakistan), identified as the oldest known artefact made by lost-wax casting and providing a better understanding of this fundamental invention. Low-concentration crystal defect fluctuations are readily mapped within ZnO nanowires. High spatial dynamics-photoluminescence imaging holds great promise for the characterization of bulk heterogeneous systems across multiple disciplines.
Structure of the NS2B-NS3 protease from Zika virus after self-cleavage
Authors: Phoo Wint Wint , Li Yan , Zhang Zhenzhen , Lee Michelle Yueqi , Loh Ying Ru , Tan Yaw Bia , Ng Elizabeth Yihui , Lescar Julien , Kang CongBao , Luo Dahai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in the Americas represents a serious threat to the global public health. The viral protease that processes viral polyproteins during infection appears as an attractive drug target. Here we report a crystal structure at 1.84 Å resolution of ZIKV non-structural protein NS2B-NS3 protease with the last four amino acids of the NS2B cofactor bound at the NS3 active site. This structure represents a post-proteolysis state of the enzyme during viral polyprotein processing and provides insights into peptide substrate recognition by the protease. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies and protease activity assays unravel the protein dynamics upon binding the protease inhibitor BPTI in solution and confirm this finding. The structural and functional insights of the ZIKV protease presented here should advance our current understanding of flavivirus replication and accelerate structure-based antiviral drug discovery against ZIKV.
Hyperconnectivity of prefrontal cortex to amygdala projections in a mouse model of macrocephaly/autism syndrome
Authors: Huang Wen-Chin , Chen Youjun , Page Damon T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMultiple autism risk genes converge on the regulation of mTOR signalling, which is a key effector of neuronal growth and connectivity. We show that mTOR signalling is dysregulated during early postnatal development in the cerebral cortex of germ-line heterozygous Pten mutant mice (Pten+/−), which model macrocephaly/autism syndrome. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) receives input from subcortical-projecting neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Analysis of mPFC to BLA axonal projections reveals that Pten+/− mice exhibit increased axonal branching and connectivity, which is accompanied by increased activity in the BLA in response to social stimuli and social behavioural deficits. The latter two phenotypes can be suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 during early postnatal life or by reducing the activity of mPFC–BLA circuitry in adulthood. These findings identify a mechanism of altered connectivity that has potential relevance to the pathophysiology of macrocephaly/autism syndrome and autism spectrum disorders featuring dysregulated mTOR signalling.
Boosting functionality of synthetic DNA circuits with tailored deactivation
Authors: Montagne Kevin , Gines Guillaume , Fujii Teruo , Rondelez Yannick 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMolecular programming takes advantage of synthetic nucleic acid biochemistry to assemble networks of reactions, in vitro, with the double goal of better understanding cellular regulation and providing information-processing capabilities to man-made chemical systems. The function of molecular circuits is deeply related to their topological structure, but dynamical features (rate laws) also play a critical role. Here we introduce a mechanism to tune the nonlinearities associated with individual nodes of a synthetic network. This mechanism is based on programming deactivation laws using dedicated saturable pathways. We demonstrate this approach through the conversion of a single-node homoeostatic network into a bistable and reversible switch. Furthermore, we prove its generality by adding new functions to the library of reported man-made molecular devices: a system with three addressable bits of memory, and the first DNA-encoded excitable circuit. Specific saturable deactivation pathways thus greatly enrich the functional capability of a given circuit topology.
In situ characterization of nanoparticle biomolecular interactions in complex biological media by flow cytometry
Authors: Lo Giudice Maria Cristina , Herda Luciana M. , Polo Ester , Dawson Kenneth A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanoparticles interacting with, or derived from, living organisms are almost invariably coated in a variety of biomolecules presented in complex biological milieu, which produce a bio-interface or ‘biomolecular corona’ conferring a biological identity to the particle. Biomolecules at the surface of the nanoparticle–biomolecule complex present molecular fragments that may be recognized by receptors of cells or biological barriers, potentially engaging with different biological pathways. Here we demonstrate that using intense fluorescent reporter binders, in this case antibodies bound to quantum dots, we can map out the availability of such recognition fragments, allowing for a rapid and meaningful biological characterization. The application in microfluidic flow, in small detection volumes, with appropriate thresholding of the detection allows the study of even complex nanoparticles in realistic biological milieu, with the emerging prospect of making direct connection to conditions of cell level and in vivo experiments.
Surface to bulk Fermi arcs via Weyl nodes as topological defects
Authors: Kim Kun Woo , Lee Woo-Ram , Kim Yong Baek , Park Kwon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA hallmark of Weyl semimetal is the existence of surface Fermi arcs. An intriguing question is what determines the connectivity of surface Fermi arcs, when multiple pairs of Weyl nodes are present. To answer this question, we show that the locations of surface Fermi arcs are predominantly determined by the condition that the Zak phase integrated along the normal-to-surface direction is "Equation missing". The Zak phase can reveal the peculiar topological structure of Weyl semimetal directly in the bulk. Here, we show that the winding of the Zak phase around each projected Weyl node manifests itself as a topological defect of the Wannier–Stark ladder, energy eigenstates under an electric field. Remarkably, this leads to bulk Fermi arcs, open-line segments in the bulk spectra. Bulk Fermi arcs should exist in conjunction with surface counterparts to conserve the Weyl fermion number under an electric field, which is supported by explicit numerical evidence.
Nonstoichiometric acid–base reaction as reliable synthetic route to highly stable CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film
Authors: Long Mingzhu , Zhang Tiankai , Chai Yang , Ng Chun-Fai , Mak Thomas C. W. , Xu Jianbin , Yan Keyou 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have received worldwide interests due to swiftly improved efficiency but the poor stability of the perovskite component hampers the device fabrication under normal condition. Herein, we develop a reliable nonstoichiometric acid–base reaction route to stable perovskite films by intermediate chemistry and technology. Perovskite thin-film prepared by nonstoichiometric acid–base reaction route is stable for two months with negligible PbI2-impurity under ∼65% humidity, whereas other perovskites prepared by traditional methods degrade distinctly after 2 weeks. Route optimization involves the reaction of PbI2 with excess HI to generate HPbI3, which subsequently undergoes reaction with excess CH3NH2 to deliver CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. High quality of intermediate HPbI3 and CH3NH2 abundance are two important factors to stable CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. Excess volatile acid/base not only affords full conversion in nonstoichiometric acid–base reaction route but also permits its facile removal for stoichiometric purification, resulting in average efficiency of 16.1% in forward/reverse scans.