bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Implementation of Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health and Nutrition Health Programs in Ilocos Sur, Philippines
Authors: Bermio Joussie Bajet 
Published: March 2016

The Department of Health is committed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of reducing child mortality and improving maternal health by 2015.The study aimed to determine the relationship between the extent of implementation of the maternal, neonatal, child health, nutrition strategy, and the socio-demographic, work-related and health facility-related factors. The study employed the descriptive-correlational method. The respondents were all the 244 municipal health office personnel of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. The DOH guideline was partially adapted specifically on natal and post- natal part of the questionnaire. The extent of implementation of the MNCHN Strategy is "Very High"; the implementer-respondents'civil status yielded positive significant relationship while the implementer-respondents' educational attainment yielded an inverse significant relationship with the extent of implementation of the MNCHN Strategy. Moreover, the number of health personnel, consultation, and delivery room equipment are significantly related to the implementation of the MNCHN Strategy. The local government unit of Ilocos Sur, Philippines is on the process of finalizing the ordinance in support to the MNCHN Strategy and the Department of Health is also working on Health Facility Enhancement Program (HEP) so that the Municipal Health Offices could upgrade their equipment in providing higher quality of health services to the community.
Effect of Coronary Slow Flow on the Longitudinal Left Ventricular Function Assessed by 2‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Narimani Sima , Hosseinsabet Ali , Pourhosseini Hamidreza 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe coronary slow flow phenomenon is defined as the slow progression of an angiographic contrast agent to the distal part of the coronary arteries on selective coronary angiography in the absence of stenosis. There are some studies with different results about the effect of this phenomenon on left ventricular (LV) function. The aim of our study was to evaluate the longitudinal LV function in the coronary slow flow phenomenon using 2‐dimensional (2D) speckle‐tracking echocardiography.MethodsIn a study with a patient‐to‐patient matched design, 36 patients with the coronary slow flow phenomenon and 36 individuals with normal coronary flow matched for age (±5 years), sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were compared in terms of the longitudinal LV systolic and diastolic functions by pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography and 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography–derived indices.ResultsLateral s′ and e′ waves were lower in the patients with the coronary slow flow phenomenon, but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the other tissue Doppler echocardiographic indices and longitudinal systolic strain and systolic and diastolic strain rates derived by 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography.ConclusionsOur results showed that the coronary slow flow phenomenon could not impair the longitudinal LV systolic and diastolic functions.
Biophysical controls on interannual variability in ecosystem‐scale CO2 and CH4 exchange in a California rice paddy
Authors: Knox Sara Helen , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Sturtevant Cove , Oikawa Patricia Y. , Verfaillie Joseph , Baldocchi Dennis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present 6.5 years of eddy covariance measurements of fluxes of methane (FCH4) and carbon dioxide (FCO2) from a flooded rice paddy in Northern California, USA. A pronounced warming trend throughout the study associated with drought and record high temperatures strongly influenced carbon (C) budgets and provided insights into biophysical controls of FCO2 and FCH4. Wavelet analysis indicated that photosynthesis (gross ecosystem production, GEP) induced the diel pattern in FCH4, but soil temperature (Ts) modulated its amplitude. Forward stepwise linear models and neural networking modeling were used to assess the variables regulating seasonal FCH4. As expected due to their competence in modeling nonlinear relationships, neural network models explained considerably more of the variance in daily average FCH4 than linear models. During the growing season, GEP and water levels typically explained most of the variance in daily average FCH4. However, Ts explained much of the interannual variability in annual and growing season CH4 sums. Higher Ts also increased the annual and growing season ratio of FCH4 to GEP. The observation that the FCH4 to GEP ratio scales predictably with Ts may help improve global estimates of FCH4 from rice agriculture. Additionally, Ts strongly influenced ecosystem respiration, resulting in large interannual variability in the net C budget at the paddy, emphasizing the need for long‐term measurements particularly under changing climatic conditions.
Mathematical constraints on the use of transmission line models to investigate the preliminary breakdown stage of lightning flashes
Authors: da Silva Caitano L. , Merrill Ryan A. , Pasko Victor P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe initial stage of in‐cloud lightning development is characterized by a series of initial breakdown pulses (IBPs), observed as abrupt electric field changes at a remote sensor. Recent studies have attributed this process to the stepwise elongation of a negative lightning leader channel and used transmission line (TL) models to interpret the observed electromagnetic emission. In these models a current pulse is injected at the base of the channel, propagates along it, and the current parameters are adjusted to fit the measured IBPs. In this paper we explore the limitations of TL models by comparing four of its variants: the classic TL (with no attenuation) and three modified transmission line models that have different current attenuation characteristics, i.e., following linear, exponential, and Gaussian functions. For a compact channel (less than a few hundred meters long) all four models tend to produce similar electromagnetic signatures, and nearly identical waveforms can be obtained by simply varying the channel length. It is impossible to simultaneously identify, with confidence, both channel length and the speed of current wave propagation at the source by matching a far‐field waveform. The field‐to‐current conversion factor for in‐cloud sources is not a constant and can vary by as much as 2 orders of magnitude depending on channel length and current pulse risetime. This conclusion contrasts with the assumption used by the National Lightning Detection Network, that the field‐to‐current conversion can be performed by a multiplicative constant, as it is done for return strokes in cloud‐to‐ground lightning.
The very slow solar wind: Properties, origin and variability
Authors: Sanchez‐Diaz Eduardo , Rouillard Alexis P. , Lavraud Benoit , Segura Kevin , Tao Chihiro , Pinto Rui , Sheeley N. R. , Plotnikov Illya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSolar wind slower than 300 km/s, hereafter termed very slow solar wind (VSSW), is seldom observed at 1 AU. It was, however, commonly measured inside 0.7 AU by the two Helios spacecraft, particularly during solar maximum. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling reveals that the disappearance of VSSW at 1 AU is the result of its interaction with faster solar wind. The acceleration and compression of the VSSW contributes to the observed highly variable structure of the slow solar wind at 1 AU. The VSSW usually contains the heliospheric plasma sheet and current sheet. It has higher density and lower temperature than the regular slow solar wind, extending the known scaling laws below 300 km/s. Its helium abundance increases with solar activity even more significantly than the slow solar wind. Contrary to faster solar winds, the helium ions in the VSSW are slower than the dominant protons. Combining a Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model with ballistic back tracing, we study the source region of the VSSW. We show that the proton density flux for the VSSW is much higher than for the faster winds, particularly at solar maximum.
Short‐term nonmigrating tide variability in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Oberheide J. , Sutton E. K. , Liu H.‐L. , Anderson J. L. , Raeder K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe intraseasonal variability of the eastward propagating nonmigrating diurnal tide with zonal wave number 3 (DE3) during 2007 in the mesosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere is investigated using a whole atmosphere model reanalysis and satellite observations. The atmospheric reanalysis is based on implementation of data assimilation in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble Kalman filter. The tidal variability in the WACCM+DART reanalysis is compared to the observed variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) based on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) observations, in the ionosphere based on Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) observations, and in the upper thermosphere (∼475 km) based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) neutral density observations. To obtain the short‐term DE3 variability in the MLT and upper thermosphere, we apply the method of tidal deconvolution to the TIMED/SABER observations and consider the difference in the ascending and descending longitudinal wave number 4 structure in the GRACE observations. The results reveal that tidal amplitude changes of 5–10 K regularly occur on short timescales (∼10–20 days) in the MLT. Similar variability occurs in the WACCM+DART reanalysis and TIMED/SABER observations, demonstrating that the short‐term variability can be captured in whole atmosphere models that employ data assimilation and in observations by the technique of tidal deconvolution. The impact of the short‐term DE3 variability in the MLT on the ionosphere and thermosphere is also clearly evident in the COSMIC and GRACE observations. Analysis of the troposphere forcing in WACCM+DART and simulations of the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM) show that the short‐term DE3 variability in the MLT is not related to a single source; rather, it is due to a combination of changes in troposphere forcing, zonal mean atmosphere, and wave‐wave interactions.
Dual carbon isotope characterization of total organic carbon in wintertime carbonaceous aerosols from northern India
Authors: Bikkina Srinivas , Andersson August , Sarin M. M. , Sheesley R. J. , Kirillova E. , Rengarajan R. , Sudheer A. K. , Ram K. , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLarge‐scale emissions of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) from South Asia impact both regional climate and air quality, yet their sources are not well constrained. Here we use source‐diagnostic stable and radiocarbon isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C) to characterize CA sources at a semiurban site (Hisar: 29.2°N, 75.2°E) in the NW Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) and a remote high‐altitude location in the Himalayan foothills (Manora Peak: 29.4°N, 79.5°E, 1950 m above sea level) in northern India during winter. The Δ14C of total aerosol organic carbon (TOC) varied from −178‰ to −63‰ at Hisar and from −198‰ to −1‰ at Manora Peak. The absence of significant differences in the 14C‐based fraction biomass of TOC between Hisar (0.81 ± 0.03) and Manora Peak (0.82 ± 0.07) reveals that biomass burning/biogenic emissions (BBEs) are the dominant sources of CA at both sites. Combining this information with δ13C, other chemical tracers (K+/OC and SO42−/EC) and air mass back trajectory analyses indicate similar source regions in the IGP (e.g., Punjab and Haryana). These results highlight that CA from BBEs in the IGP are not only confined to the atmospheric boundary layer but also extend to higher elevations of the troposphere, where the synoptic‐scale circulations could substantially influence their abundances both to the Himalayas and over the downwind oceanic regions such as the Indian Ocean. Given the vast emissions of CA from postharvest crop residue combustion practices in the IGP during early Northeast Monsoon, this information is important for both improved process and model understanding of climate and health effects, as well as in guiding policy decision aiming at reducing emissions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Wang Yanan , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed intramolecular diastereoselective trifluoromethylcycloetherification of homoallylic alcohols with Togni’s reagent as trifluoromethylating reagent was realized under mild conditions. Various trifluoromethylated tetrahydrofurans were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Moreover, a wide range of common functional groups was tolerated.magnified image
Insights into the Molecular Recognition Process in Organocatalytic Chemoselective Monoacylation of 1,5‐Pentanediol
Authors: Imayoshi Ayumi , Yamanaka Masahiro , Sato Makoto , Yoshida Keisuke , Furuta Takumi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMonoacylation of long‐chain linear diols often encounters difficulties associated with unavoidable overacylation affording the diacylate. However, several C1‐ and C2‐symmetrical pyrrolidinopyridine (PPY) catalysts were found to effectively promote the chemoselective monoacylation of 1,5‐pentanediol. The effects of catalyst structure on the performance for the monoacylation were investigated. The amide carbonyl group(s) in the pyrrolidine ring in both C1‐ and C2‐symmetrical catalysts was(were) suggested to play the key role in selective monoacylation. On the other hand, the indolyl NH group in the amide side chain of the catalysts was found to be critically important for further increasing the chemoselectivity of monoacylation only when the catalyst has a C2‐symmetrical structure. The effects of the catalyst structure on the chemoselective monoacylation were elucidated by DFT calculations, and the origin of the precise molecular recognition for 1,5‐pentanediol by the catalysts and transition state (TS) stabilization effects by these functionalities were disclosed.magnified image
An Improved Catalyst for Iodine(I/III)‐Catalysed Intermolecular CH Amination
Authors: Lucchetti Nicola , Scalone Michelangelo , Fantasia Serena , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract1,2‐Diiodobenzene is presented as an efficient catalyst precursor for the intermolecular amination of arenes under homogeneous conditions. N‐Troc‐ and N‐phthalimido‐substituted methoxyamines serve as suitable nitrogen sources providing the corresponding aniline derivatives in up to 99% yield and with up to 66:1 regioselectivity. Key for this successful CN coupling protocol is the strained μ‐oxo‐bridged conformation of the bisiodine(III) catalyst, which induces unparalleled high reactivity.magnified image
Thriving and Adapting: Resilience, Sense of Community, and Syndemics among Young Black Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Reed Sarah J. , Miller Robin Lin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe examined resilience associated with the avoidance of psychosocial health conditions (i.e., syndemics) that increase vulnerability for HIV among young Black gay and bisexual men. We used analytic induction to compare a sample of 23 men who showed no evidence of syndemic conditions to a sample of 23 men who experienced syndemic conditions. The men who avoided syndemics reported supportive relationships with people who helped them to develop a strong sense of identity, provided them with opportunities to give back to their communities, and promoted positive norms about health. In contrast, the men experiencing syndemic conditions described numerous instances of trauma and oppression that infringed upon their desire to form positive relationships. Among these men, experiences of oppression were associated with shame, identity incongruence, social isolation, relational disconnection, mistrust of men, and expectations of further marginalization. We examined participants’ experiences through the framework of the psychosocial sense of community. Results of this study provide evidence for using strength‐based intervention strategies to prevent syndemic conditions. Findings suggest that to attenuate socio‐structural barriers to health and comorbid psychosocial health concerns, interventions must address young men's social isolation and promote positive identity and sense of community.
Transparente Filme aus CO2‐basierten polyungesättigten Polyethercarbonaten: eine neue Synthesestrategie und schnelle Vernetzung
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Afzal , Köhler Burkhard , Gürtler Christoph , Leitner Walter , Müller Thomas E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTransparente Filme wurden durch Vernetzung polyungesättigter Polyethercarbonate hergestellt, die durch Mehrkomponentenpolymerisation von CO2, Propylenoxid, Maleinsäureanhydrid und Allylglycidylether erhalten wurden. Polyethercarbonate mit ABXBA‐Multiblockstruktur wurden über sequenzielle Zugabe von Mischungen aus Propylenoxid/Maleinsäureanhydrid und Propylenoxid/Allylglycidylether während der Polymerisation erzielt. Die simultane Zugabe beider Monomermischungen ergab Polyethercarbonate mit ABA‐Triblockstruktur. Beide Typen polyungesättigter Polyethercarbonate sind durch unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen gekennzeichnet. Terminale Hydroxygruppen, Maleinatestereinheiten entlang des Polymerrückgrats und laterale Allylgruppen ermöglichen eine vielfältige polymeranaloge Chemie. Die Kombination aus Doppelbindungen, die mit Elektronenakzeptoren und ‐donoren substituiert sind, fördert die wirkungsvolle UV‐ oder redoxinitiierte radikalische Vernetzung. Die resultierenden Materialien sind transparent und interessant für Lackanwendungen.
Singly versus Doubly Reduced Nickel Porphyrins for Proton Reduction: Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for a Homolytic Hydrogen‐Evolution Reaction
Authors: Han Yongzhen , Fang Huayi , Jing Huize , Sun Huiling , Lei Haitao , Lai Wenzhen , Cao Rui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA nickel(II) porphyrin Ni‐P (P=porphyrin) bearing four meso‐C6F5 groups to improve solubility and activity was used to explore different hydrogen‐evolution‐reaction (HER) mechanisms. Doubly reduced Ni‐P ([Ni‐P]2−) was involved in H2 production from acetic acid, whereas a singly reduced species ([Ni‐P]−) initiated HER with stronger trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). High activity and stability of Ni‐P were observed in catalysis, with a remarkable ic/ip value of 77 with TFA at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1 and 20 °C. Electrochemical, stopped‐flow, and theoretical studies indicated that a hydride species [H‐Ni‐P] is formed by oxidative protonation of [Ni‐P]−. Subsequent rapid bimetallic homolysis to give H2 and Ni‐P is probably involved in the catalytic cycle. HER cycling through this one‐electron‐reduction and homolysis mechanism has been proposed previously but rarely validated. The present results could thus have broad implications for the design of new exquisite cycles for H2 generation.
Direct Photocontrol of Peptidomimetics: An Alternative to Oxygen‐Dependent Photodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Babii Oleg , Afonin Sergii , Garmanchuk Liudmyla V. , Nikulina Viktoria V. , Nikolaienko Tetiana V. , Storozhuk Olha V. , Shelest Dmytro V. , Dasyukevich Olga I. , Ostapchenko Liudmyla I. , Iurchenko Volodymyr , Zozulya Sergey , Ulrich Anne S. , Komarov Igor V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConventional photodynamic treatment strategies are based on the principle of activating molecular oxygen in situ by light, mediated by a photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species and thereby causes cell death. A diarylethene‐derived peptidomimetic is presented that is suitable for photodynamic cancer therapy without any involvement of oxygen. This light‐sensitive molecule is not a mediator but is itself the cytotoxic agent. As a derivative of the cyclic amphiphilic peptide gramicidin S, the peptidomimetic exists in two thermally stable photoforms that are interconvertible by light of different wavelengths. The isomer generated by visible light shows much stronger toxicity against tumor cells than the UV‐generated isomer. First in vivo applications are demonstrated on a tumor animal model to illustrate how the peptidomimetic can be administered in the less toxic form and then activated locally in a solid tumor by visible light.
Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers in Porous Organic Cages
Authors: Uemura Takashi , Nakanishi Ryo , Mochizuki Shuto , Kitagawa Susumu , Mizuno Motohiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe radical polymerization of vinyl monomers was performed in a tetrahedral imine‐linked organic cage with extrinsic porosity (CC3). Because of its dynamic and responsive packing structure, CC3 endowed the polymerization with specific behaviors. The adsorption of styrene triggered a change in the CC3 assembly, resulting in a monomer arrangement that was suitable for polymerization within the host matrix. The polymerization reaction was strongly dependent on the crystallinity of CC3 and was promoted by amorphization of the host in a cooperative manner, which is not possible with conventional rigid porous materials. Furthermore, CC3 can recognize the polarity of substrates, and thus polar monomers, such as methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, could not induce the structural changes in CC3 that are required for polymerization. This monomer specificity governed by the flexibility of CC3 is useful to the prevent incorporation of unfavorable monomers into the polymeric products.
Irradiated sodium–alginate/poly(ethylene oxide) blend films improved by methyl acrylate monomer
Authors: Sumi Sumaia Aktar , Rahman Wasikur , Alam Jahangir , Dafader Nirmal Chandra , Manir Serajum , Khan Maksudur Rahman 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTSodium alginate (SA)‐based poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend films were improved by methyl acrylate (MA) monomer and γ irradiation toward practical application. The films were prepared by a casting method and modified by glycerol (Gol) and mustard oil (MO). The SA‐based films were successfully produced with γ irradiation (12 kGy) with 10% PEO, 15% Gol, 20% MO, and 7% MA on a mass basis as optimized. The tensile strength (TS), tear strength (TT), elongation at break (EB), Young's modulus, moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), and structural properties of the blended films were determined. The thermal properties of the films were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, and the structural features were examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ultimate results of this study show a rather remarkable enhancement in the tensile properties (30% TS and 67% TT) and reduction in EB (40%) of the SA‐based films with MA addition and γ irradiation. The as‐prepared SA‐based films demonstrated considerable reductions in the moisture content and WVP and also conferred a desired stability of the films. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43562.
Recent ENSO–PDO precipitation relationships in the Mediterranean California border region
Authors: Pavia Edgar G. , Graef Federico , Fuentes‐Franco Ramón 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Mediterranean California Border Region (MCBR) rainfall's relationship with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is reexamined for the period 1951–2014. When stratifying data by ENSO events we found that strong events of either sign yield the highest ENSO–rainfall correlation; but when the stratification was done by rainfall the wet seasons yield the highest ENSO–rainfall correlation. Most strong ENSO events have the same sign as PDO; but the ENSO–rainfall correlation for all ENSO–PDO same‐sign events is almost undistinguishable from the full‐record's correlation. Timewise stratification shows that 30‐year climatological values (MCBR precipitation, PDO and ENSO) and ENSO–rainfall correlations have decreased in recent years.