bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Polydentate Ketal Coronands Containing 2,6‐Pyridino and/or 6,6′‐(2,2′‐ Bipyridino) Subunits: Synthesis, Characterization, Structural Aspects and Conformational Changes upon Complexation.
Authors: NEWKOME G. R. , TAYLOR H. C. R. , FRONCZEK F. R. , GUPTA V. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Komponenten (I) und (II) werden die Kronenether (III) nach bekannten Verfahren hergestellt, wobei mit Diglykol außer (IIIa) auch das acyclische Kondensationsprodukt (IV) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Alkyl (Z)‐ and (E)‐2,3‐Bis(trimethylstannyl)alk‐2‐enoates and N,N‐Dimethyl (E)‐2,3‐Bis(trimethylstannyl)alk‐2‐enamides.
Authors: PIERS E. , SKERLJ R. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHexamethyldistannan (II) addiert sich an die Acetylencarbonsäureester (I) zu den Z‐Addukten (III), die thermisch zu den E‐Verbindungen (IV) isomerisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Stereochemistry of Reactions of Organophosphorus Ligands in Chiral Mo(CO)5L Complexes.
Authors: REIFF L. P. , ROSSMAN D. I. , SZAFRANIEC L. J. , AARON H. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe coordination complex (III) with a chiral phosphonite ligand is prepared as shown and resolved by means of ( ‐ )‐ephedrine.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrostannolysis Reactions of M2(NMe2)6 (M: W, Mo).
Authors: SHARP P. R. , RANKIN M. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of (IIIa) with two equiv. of the tin hydride (II) yields the complex (I) containing two M ‐.‐ Sn bonds, whereas treatment of (IIIb) with excess (II) affords (IV) as the only product.
ChemInform Abstract: Note on the Preparation of Very Active N,N‐Bis(2‐oxo‐3‐oxazolidinyl)‐phosphorodiamidic Chloride (Bop‐Cl), an Extremely Effective Reagent for Peptide Formation.
Authors: VAN DER AUWERA C. , ANTEUNIS M. J. O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe purity of peptides which are synthesized using Bop‐Cl (IV) as a coupling reagent depends greatly upon the quality of (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of α‐Methylideneglycurononitriles and Nucleosides Thereof.
Authors: TRONCHET J. M. J. , PALLIE K. D. , GRAF‐PONCET J. , TRONCHET J. F. , WERNER G. H. , ZERIAL A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aldehydes (II) are transformed via the intermediates shown in the scheme into the title compounds (VI) [the anomer (VII) is formed in addition to (VId); the nitroenoses (Vc), Vd) are known compounds].
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Ergoline Thiazolidinones and an Ergoline Imidazolidinone.
Authors: SEIFERT K. , HAERTLING S. + , JOHNE S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractErgolin‐thioharnstoffe (I) reagieren mit Acetylendicarbonsäureestern (II) zum Isomerengemisch der Ergolin‐thiazolidinone (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Various Graft Polymers from Polytetrafluoroethylene and Styrene and Its Suitability for the Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides.
Authors: WEISS R. , BIRCH‐HIRSCHFELD E. , WITKOWSKI W. , FRIESE K. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract24 Oligoribonucleotides with chain lengths up to 21 are synthesized with the aid of the title polymers.
Panchromatic Light Capture and Efficient Excitation Transfer Leading to Near‐IR Emission of BODIPY Oligomers
Authors: Sharma Ritambhara , Gobeze Habtom B. , D'Souza Francis , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAll‐BODIPY‐based (BODIPY=boron‐dipyrromethene) donor–acceptor systems capable of wide‐band absorbance leading to efficient energy transfer in the near‐IR region are reported. A covalently linked 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY–BODIPY dimer building block bearing an ethynyl group at the meso‐aryl position is synthesized and coupled with three different monomeric BODIPY/pyrrolyl BODIPY building blocks with a bromo/iodo group under Pd0 coupling conditions to obtain three covalently linked 3‐pyrrolyl‐BODIPY‐based donor–acceptor oligomers in 19–29 % yield. The oligomers are characterized in detail by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and optical spectroscopy. Due to the presence of different functionalized BODIPY derivatives in the oligomers, panchromatic light capture (300–725 nm) is witnessed. Fluorescence studies reveal singlet–singlet energy transfer from BODIPY monomer to BODIPY dimer leading to emission in the 700–800 nm range. Theoretical modeling according to the Förster mechanism predicts ultrafast energy transfer due to good spectral overlap of the donor and acceptor entities. Femtosecond transient absorption studies confirm this to be the case and thus show the relevance of the currently developed all‐BODIPY‐based energy‐funneling supramolecular sytems with near‐IR emission to solar‐energy harvesting applications.
A Universal and Straightforward Approach to Include Penetration Effects in Electrostatic Interaction Energy Estimation
Authors: Bojarowski Sławomir A. , Kumar Prashant , Dominiak Paulina M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo compensate for the lack of the explicit treatment of charge penetration in classical force fields, we propose a new charge‐distribution model based on a promolecule augmented with point charges (aug‐PROmol). It relies on a superposition of spherical atomic electron densities obtained for each chemical element from SCF energy optimized atomic orbitals. Atomic densities are further rescaled by partial point charges computed from fits to the molecular electrostatic potential. Aug‐PROmol was tested on the S66 benchmark dataset extended to nonequilibrium geometries (J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2011, 7, 3466). The model does not need any additional parametrization other than point charges. Despite its simplicity, aug‐PROmol approximates the electrostatic energy with good agreement (RMSE=0.76 kcal mol−1 to DFT‐SAPT with B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ).
A phenological shift in the time of recruitment of the shipworm, Teredo navalis L., mirrors marine climate change
Authors: Appelqvist Christin , Havenhand Jonathan N 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor many species, seasonal changes in key environmental variables such as food availability, light, and temperature drive the timing (“phenology”) of major life‐history events. Extensive evidence from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats shows that global warming is changing the timings of many biological events; however, few of these studies have investigated the effects of climate change on the phenology of larval recruitment in marine invertebrates. Here, we studied temperature‐related phenological shifts in the breeding season of the shipworm Teredo navalis (Mollusca, Bivalvia). We compared data for the recruitment period of T. navalis along the Swedish west coast during 2004–2006 with similar data from 1971–1973, and related differences in recruitment timing to changes in sea surface temperature over the same period. We found no significant shift in the timing of onset of recruitment over this ~30‐year time span, but the end of recruitment was an average of 26 days later in recent years, leading to significantly longer recruitment periods. These changes correlated strongly with increased sea surface temperatures and coincided with published thermal tolerances for reproduction in T. navalis. Our findings are broadly comparable with other reports of phenological shifts in marine species, and suggest that warmer sea surface temperatures are increasing the likelihood of successful subannual reproduction and intensifying recruitment of T. navalis in this region.
fMRI study of neural sensitization to hedonic stimuli in long‐term, daily cannabis users
Authors: Filbey Francesca M. , Dunlop Joseph , Ketcherside Ariel , Baine Jessica , Rhinehardt Tyler , Kuhn Brittany , DeWitt Sam , Alvi Talha 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough there is emergent evidence illustrating neural sensitivity to cannabis cues in cannabis users, the specificity of this effect to cannabis cues as opposed to a generalized hyper‐sensitivity to hedonic stimuli has not yet been directly tested. Using fMRI, we presented 53 daily, long‐term cannabis users and 68 non‐using controls visual and tactile cues for cannabis, a natural reward, and, a sensory‐perceptual control object to evaluate brain response to hedonic stimuli in cannabis users. The results showed an interaction between group and reward type such that the users had greater response during cannabis cues relative to natural reward cues (i.e., fruit) in the orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, anterior cingulate gyrus, and ventral tegmental area compared to non‐users (cluster‐thresholdz = 2.3,P < 0.05). In the users, there were positive brain‐behavior correlations between neural response to cannabis cues in fronto‐striatal‐temporal regions and subjective craving, marijuana‐related problems, withdrawal symptoms, and levels of THC metabolites (cluster‐thresholdz = 2.3,P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate hyper‐responsivity, and, specificity of brain response to cannabis cues in long‐term cannabis users that are above that of response to natural reward cues. These observations are concordant with incentive sensitization models suggesting sensitization of mesocorticolimbic regions and disruption of natural reward processes following drug use. Although the cross‐sectional nature of this study does not provide information on causality, the positive correlations between neural response and indicators of cannabis use (i.e., THC levels) suggest that alterations in the reward system are, in part, related to cannabis use.Hum Brain Mapp 37:3431–3443, 2016. ©2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MICA—A toolbox for masked independent component analysis of fMRI data
Authors: Moher Alsady Tawfik , Blessing Esther M. , Beissner Florian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) is a widely used technique for investigating functional connectivity (fc) in functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Masked independent component analysis (mICA), that is, ICA restricted to a defined region of interest, has been shown to detect local fc networks in particular brain regions, including the cerebellum, brainstem, posterior cingulate cortex, operculo‐insular cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord. Here, we present the mICA toolbox, an open‐source GUI toolbox based on FSL command line tools that performs mICA and related analyses in an integrated way. Functions include automated mask generation from atlases, essential preprocessing, mICA‐based parcellation, back‐reconstruction of whole‐brain fc networks from local ones, and reproducibility analysis. Automated slice‐wise calculation and cropping are additional functions that reduce computational time and memory requirements for large analyses. To validate our toolbox, we tested these different functions on the cerebellum, hippocampus, and brainstem, using resting‐state and task‐based data from the Human Connectome Project. In the cerebellum, mICA detected six local networks together with their whole‐brain counterparts, closely replicating previous results. MICA‐based parcellation of the hippocampus showed a longitudinally discrete configuration with greater heterogeneity in the anterior hippocampus, consistent with animal and human literature. Finally, brainstem mICA detected motor and sensory nuclei involved in the motor task of tongue movement, thereby replicating and extending earlier results. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3544–3556, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving the flexibility of AMOLED display through modulating thickness of layer stack structure
Authors: Niu Yi‐Fan , Liu Sheng‐Fa , Chiou Ji‐Yi , Huang Ching‐Yu , Chiu Yi‐Wen , Lai Ming‐Hsiang , Liu Yen‐Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA robust methodology is established to predict the critical bending radius of a flexible AMOLED. According to the methodology, the critical bending radius of display manufactured by the same process could be reduced from 7 mm to 4 mm by modulating the layer stack thickness.
Prediction of preterm labor by a rapid bedside test detecting phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 in cervical secretions
Authors: Goyal Manu , Kriplani Alka , Kachhawa Garima , Badiger Shreenivas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of measuring phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 (phIGFBP‐1) in cervical secretions to predict preterm birth among women with premature uterine contractions.MethodsA prospective study was conducted between September 27, 2013, and February 28, 2014, at a tertiary center in India. Participants with symptoms of preterm labor at 24–36 weeks underwent testing for phIGFBP‐1 in cervical secretions. Cervical length was measured by ultrasonography.ResultsCervical swab samples tested positive for phIGFBP‐1 among 34 (57%) of the 60 participants. Mean cervical length was 2.15 ± 0.63 cm among the 46 (77%) women who delivered preterm and 2.54 ± 0.47 cm among the 14 (23%) women who delivered at term. Of the 46 preterm deliveries, 29 (63%) women tested positive for phIGFBP‐1 and 17 (37%) tested negative. Mean length of pregnancy at delivery was 32.11 ± 4.09 weeks and 35.77 ± 1.68 weeks among women who tested positive and negative for phIGFBP‐1, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of phIGFBP‐1 to predict preterm birth were 86.96%, 35.29%, 64.52%, and 66.67%, respectively.ConclusionA rapid bedside test measuring phIGFBP‐1 identified women at high risk of preterm delivery.
A snapshot of current gestational diabetes management practices from 26 low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Utz Bettina , Kolsteren Patrick , De Brouwere Vincent 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify screening and management practices for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted between November 12, 2014 and May 11, 2015. Questionnaires were distributed to gynecologists, endocrinologists, and medical doctors who were representatives of national professional societies or were involved in providing care to patients with GDM in low‐income or lower‐middle‐income countries in Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. The data were descriptively analyzed.ResultsQuestionnaires were sent to 182 individuals and 77 healthcare providers from 26 countries completed the survey. The results demonstrated high diversity in screening and management practices. Only 52 (68%) participants reported that any guidelines were available in their setting. Management of GDM was found to take place mainly at the tertiary level and reported practices, including the frequency of post‐diagnosis follow‐up, modalities of glucose surveillance, and treatment and practices surrounding delivery, varied and did not always reflect the most recent evidence.ConclusionAttempts to ensure greater adherence to latest consensus guidelines are required, and should be accompanied by systemic changes to improve the detection and management of GDM at primary‐ and secondary‐level healthcare facilities to facilitate patient access to GDM screening and treatment.
Changes of Chemical Structure and Composition of Charcoal by Radiocarbon Pretreatments: Decontamination by ABA and ABOx Treatments
Authors: Tomiyama Shinji , Minami Masayo , Nakamura Toshio , Mimura Koichi , Kagi Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCharcoal is widely used for radiocarbon dating in archaeological and paleoenvironmental studies. Reliable 14C dating requires appropriate chemical treatment to remove postdeposition contamination from the charcoal samples. This study assesses two pretreatments: acid-base-acid (ABA) and acid-base-oxidation with stepped combustion (ABOx-SC). In addition to 14C, the effects of the treatments on the chemical structure and composition of charcoal were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and C/H/O elemental analysis. Samples of pine wood charred in the laboratory at 270, 300, 400, 500, and 600°C, and environmental samples of charred pine wood from pyroclastic flow deposits in southern Kyushu, Japan, were tested. The laboratory-charred samples showed that NaOH treatment removed highly hydrophilic organic components derived from endogenous and exogenous organic materials in the samples and that oxidation treatment caused the oxidative degradation of molecules in samples starting from its edges. The ABA-treated environmental charcoal yielded younger 14C dates than the ABOx-treated samples, probably owing to the effects of remaining organic contaminants bound to the edges of the aromatic molecular structures produced by the original pyrolysis. Meanwhile, it was found that ABA-SC treatment can reduce contaminants as effectively as ABOx-SC treatment. This implies that the stepped combustion (SC), not the chemical oxidation, is the key to reduce contaminant residue left after ABA and ABOx treatments. The results in this study indicate that the investigation of the structural and compositional changes of charcoal during its pretreatment is useful for assessment of the reliability of the 14C ages.
EVER CLOSER REMOTENESS OF THE PEOPLES OF EUROPE? LIMITS ON THE POWER OF AMENDMENT AND NATIONAL CONSTITUENT POWER
Authors: Cahill Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt might seem counter-intuitive to suggest that the chasm between Europe and her citizens is partially caused by the weakening of constituent power at the national level. Nonetheless, this article contends that the strength of ever closer union depends partly on the resilience of national constituent power. An insight recovered from French constitutional theory – that respect for constituent power is closely related to respect for limits on the power of amendment – is used as a measure of this resilience. Upon examination of judicial decisions in Germany and Spain in which enumerated substantive limits on the power of amendment have not been satisfactorily enforced, and others in Ireland and France in which the existence of essential limits on the power of amendment has been flatly denied, this article concludes that by debilitating national constituent power, ironically treaty ratifications conduce to ever closer remoteness between the peoples of Europe.
Corruption and Partisanship: Rousseau, Ferguson and Two Competing Models of Republican Revival
Authors: Sparling Robert A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPartisanship inspires a degree of ambivalence. There is a widespread tendency—which has a long history in republican political thought—to decry division and partisanship as corrupting, undermining individual judgment, and promoting clientelism, dependencies and loyalties antithetical to the common good. Yet there is an equally widespread intuition that excessive unity is corrupting, undermining the vigour of civic life. Contemporary political theory remains divided on the normative implications of division and unity—witness the battles between agonistic and consensus-oriented schools of democratic theory. In this article I examine the thought of two eighteenth-century writers who, while often treated as contributing to a common intellectual project of reinvigorating classical civic virtue, took opposite positions on the desirability of division. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Ferguson offered competing accounts of what corrupts civic virtue, one decrying party divisions and the other lauding them. The article examines the underlying philosophical presuppositions of Rousseau and Ferguson's competing claims and suggests, ultimately, that both positions suffer from neglecting to attend to an important distinction between salutary and harmful divisions.
0.5-keV Soft X-ray attosecond continua
Authors: Teichmann S. M. , Silva F. , Cousin S. L. , Hemmer M. , Biegert J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAttosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet have drawn a great deal of attention due to their ability to interrogate electronic dynamics in real time. Nevertheless, to follow charge dynamics and excitations in materials, element selectivity is a prerequisite, which demands such pulses in the soft X-ray region, above 200 eV, to simultaneously cover several fundamental absorption edges of the constituents of the materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the exploitation of a transient phase matching regime to generate carrier envelope controlled soft X-ray supercontinua with pulse energies up to 2.9±0.1 pJ and a flux of (7.3±0.1) × 107 photons per second across the entire water window and attosecond pulses with 13 as transform limit. Our results herald attosecond science at the fundamental absorption edges of matter by bridging the gap between ultrafast temporal resolution and element specific probing.
A perspective for sequencing familial hypercholesterolaemia in African Americans
Authors: Wright Michelle L , Housman David , Taylor Jacquelyn Y 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAfrican Americans suffer disproportionately from poor cardiovascular health outcomes despite similar proportions of African Americans and Americans of European ancestry experiencing elevated cholesterol levels. Some of the variation in cardiovascular outcomes is due to confounding effects of other risk factors, such as hypertension and genetic influence. However, genetic variants found to contribute to variation in serum cholesterol levels in populations of European ancestry are less likely to replicate in populations of African ancestry. To date, there has been limited follow-up on variant discrepancies or on identifying variants that exist in populations of African ancestry. African and African-American populations have the highest levels of genetic heterogeneity, which is a factor that must be considered when evaluating genetic variants in the burgeoning era of personalised medicine. Many of the large published studies identifying genetic variants associated with disease risk have evaluated populations of mostly European ancestry and estimated risk in other populations based on these findings. The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective, using familial hypercholesterolaemia as an exemplar, that studies evaluating genetic variation focused within minority populations are necessary to identify factors that contribute to disparities in health outcomes and realise the full utility of personalised medicine.
New superconductor LixFe1+δSe (x ≤ 0.07, Tc up to 44 K) by an electrochemical route
Authors: Alekseeva Anastasia M. , Drozhzhin Oleg A. , Dosaev Kirill A. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Zakharov Konstantin V. , Volkova Olga S. , Chareev Dmitriy A. , Vasiliev Alexander N. , Koz Cevriye , Schwarz Ulrich , Rosner Helge , Grin Yuri 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of tetragonal Fe1+δSe was enhanced from 8.5 K to 44 K by chemical structure modification. While insertion of large alkaline cations like K or solvated lithium and iron cations in the interlayer space, the [Fe2Se2] interlayer separation increases significantly from 5.5 Å in native Fe1+δSe to >7 Å in KxFe1−ySe and to >9 Å in Li1−xFex(OH)Fe1−ySe, we report on an electrochemical route to modify the superconducting properties of Fe1+δSe. In contrast to conventional chemical (solution) techniques, the electrochemical approach allows to insert non-solvated Li+ into the Fe1+δSe structure which preserves the native arrangement of [Fe2Se2] layers and their small separation. The amount of intercalated lithium is extremely small (about 0.07 Li+ per f.u.), however, its incorporation results in the enhancement of Tc up to ∼44 K. The quantum-mechanical calculations show that Li occupies the octahedrally coordinated position, while the [Fe2Se2] layers remain basically unmodified. The obtained enhancement of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level clearly exceeds the effect expected on basis of rigid band behavior.