bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous microbial removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a modified anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) bioreactor with no phosphorus release
Authors: Luo Weishi , Peng Xingxing , Jing Fei , Zhang Zaili , Jia Xiaoshan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA modified anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) bioreactor that simultaneously removed carbon, nitrogen (
‐N) and phosphorus (
‐P) was continuously run and debugged. After 34 days of reactor operation, the removal efficiencies of
‐N, carbon (glucose) and
‐P reached 99.26, 95.81 and 94.35%, respectively. Notably, the ammonium removal with no accumulation of nitrite (
‐N) and nitrate (
‐N) in the anaerobic part supported the occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and no
‐P was released during the removal process of phosphorus. Moreover, the principal component analysis and response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design were applied to determine the optimal removal conditions for volatile suspended solids (VSS) (335 mg/L),
‐N (60 mg/L), glucose (900 mg/L) and pH (7). Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial consortium was conducted by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which demonstrated that Clostridium and Proteobacteria were the potential functional groups in the anaerobic tank of the A/O bioreactor.
Tamoxifen Directly Inhibits Platelet Angiogenic Potential and Platelet-Mediated Metastasis
Authors: Johnson Kelly E. , Forward Jodi A. , Tippy Mason D. , Ceglowski Julia R. , El-Husayni Saleh , Kulenthirarajan Rajesh , Machlus Kellie R. , Mayer Erica L. , Italiano Joseph E. , Battinelli Elisabeth M. 
Published: February 2017

Objective—
Platelets, which are mainly known for their role in hemostasis, are now known to play a crucial role in metastasis. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen and its metabolites have been shown to directly impact platelet function, suggesting that this drug has additional mechanisms of action. The purpose of this study was to determine whether tamoxifen exerts antitumor effects through direct platelet inhibition.

Approach and Results—
This study found that pretreatment with tamoxifen leads to a significant inhibition of platelet activation. Platelets exposed to tamoxifen released significantly lower amounts of proangiogenic regulator vascular endothelial growth factor. In vitro angiogenesis assays confirmed that tamoxifen pretreatment led to diminished capillary tube formation and decreased endothelial migration. Tamoxifen and its metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, also significantly inhibited the ability of platelets to promote metastasis in vitro. Using a membrane-based array, we identified several proteins associated with angiogenesis metastasis that were lower in activated releasate from tamoxifen-treated platelets, including angiogenin, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5, epidermal growth factor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, platelet-derived growth factor dimeric isoform BB, whereas antiangiogenic angiopoietin-1 was elevated. Platelets isolated from patients on tamoxifen maintenance therapy were also found to have decreased activation responses, diminished vascular endothelial growth factor release, and lower angiogenic and metastatic potential.

Conclusions—
We demonstrate that tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen directly alter platelet function leading to decreased angiogenic and metastatic potential. Furthermore, this study supports the idea of utilizing targeted platelet therapies to inhibit the platelet’s role in angiogenesis and malignancy.
Ultrasound‐Guided Needle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Advanced‐Stage Malignancies of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Authors: Smith Aaron , Grady Anthony , Vieira Francisco , Sebelik Merry 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTraditionally, direct laryngoscopy confirms stage and tissue diagnosis prior to treatment planning. Patients who are frail or have tenuous airway anatomy may incur risks while undergoing anesthesia. Further, direct laryngoscopy is scheduled after initial examination, introducing diagnosis delay. This study investigates the impact of ultrasound examination with guided needle biopsy compared with traditional operative biopsy.Study DesignCase series.SettingTertiary head and neck clinic.Subjects and MethodsThe records of patients at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center Memphis and Regional One Health who had supraglottic, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer that was diagnosed by ultrasound needle biopsy were reviewed from 2011 to 2016. Demographics, stage, biopsy results, and treatment were abstracted.ResultsSeventeen patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided needle biopsy of the primary site were included. Average age was 63 years old, and 65% of patients were stage T4 (11/17). Needle biopsy yielded malignant cells in 76% (13/17). Eleven patients were included in subsequent analysis because 6 patients underwent needle biopsy only. Fisher exact test showed no difference between the 2 methods (P =. 27). Sensitivity was 86% and specificity was 100%. Seven patients had a median potential delay in diagnosis of 10 days.ConclusionsUltrasound can be used effectively to obtain a tissue diagnosis, circumventing an operative biopsy. Moreover, ultrasound may provide additional imaging details to support accurate staging. This strategy may prove worthwhile to cut costs and reduce delay to staging, reduce risk for those with contraindications to anesthesia, and increase staging accuracy via enhanced imaging details.
short subject: Expanded epistemologies: Animation meets live action in contemporary Swedish documentary film
Authors: Rozenkrantz Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This short subject studies configurations of animation and live action in contemporary Swedish documentary film. While digitization has challenged the indexical image’s verifying function, animation has been elevated to the level of legitimate document. The epistemological boundaries of documentary film have consequently been expanded, and now include the inner worlds of social subjects. In Gömd (Hidden) (Heilborn and Aronowitsch, 2002), animation and live action are repeatedly juxtaposed in order to visualize a refugee child’s experienced Otherness. In Still Born (Sandzén, 2014), ultrasound footage is fused with digital film and animation to manifest the merging perspectives of a mourning mother and her aborted child.
Mechanism of Fatigue Crack Growth of Bridge Steel Structures
Authors: Zhu H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study was carried out on the background of Sutong Bridge project based on fracture mechanics, aiming at analyzing the growth mechanism of fatigue cracks of a bridge under the load of vehicles. Stress intensity factor (SIF) can be calculated by various methods. Three steel plates with different kinds of cracks were taken as the samples in this study. With the combination of finite element analysis software ABAQUS and the J integral method, SIF values of the samples were calculated. After that, the extended finite element method in the simulation of fatigue crack growth was introduced, and the simulation of crack growth paths under different external loads was analyzed. At last, we took a partial model from the Sutong Bridge and supposed its two dangerous parts already had fine cracks; then simulative vehicle load was added onto the U-rib to predict crack growth paths using the extended finite element method.
An Analysis of Snow and Wind Loads Combinations Based on Meteorological Data
Authors: Żurański J. A. , Sobolewski A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present a probabilistic method of analyzing the combinations of snow and wind loads using meteorological data and to determine their combination factors. Calculations are based on data measured at twelve Polish meteorological stations operated by the Institute for Meteorology and Water Management. Data provided are from the years 1966 - 2010. Five combinations of snow load and 10-minute mean wind velocity pressure have been considered. Gumbel probability distribution has been used to fit the empirical distributions of the data. As a result, the interdependence between wind velocity pressure and snow load on the ground for a return period of 50 years has been provided, and the values of the combination factors for snow loads and wind actions are proposed.
‘Achieved without Ambiguity?’ Memorializing Victimhood in Belgrade after the 1999 NATO Bombing
Authors: Bădescu Gruia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the memory and narratives of the 1999 NATO bombings through a spatial lens, discussing how the debates surrounding memorial architecture reflect the multiple, and at times conflicting, understandings of the NATO bombing. By analysing the competition to reconstruct Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) from its ruins, this article discusses the tensions and challenges brought by narratives representing victimhood in Belgrade after 1999. It examines how understandings of victimhood have been spatialized through urban memorials, situating the RTS competition in the wider landscape of memorial representations of the NATO bombing in Serbia. Developed using a bottom-up process, the competition for the RTS memorial reflects both the opportunities and the limits of memorial architecture. While the competition and overall debates mirror general trends of memorial architecture in the context of European politics of regret and trauma, the limited scope of the memorial and its marginality in the cityscape both reflect and enhance the continuing obfuscation of the past in Serbia.
Random Lasers Based on Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
Authors: Giannelis E.P. , Stasinopoulos A. , Psyllaki M. , Zacharakis G. , Das R. N. , Anglos D. , Anastasiadis S.H. , Vaia R.A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLaser action is demonstrated in organic/inorganic nanocomposites consisting of pristine and surface-modified ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in an optically inert polymer matrix. The semiconductor particles feature simultaneously gain behavior and strong scattering ability, whereas the polymer matrix provides better processability and mechanical robustness. When excited by a laser pulse of appropriately short duration (pico- to nanoseconds), the composites give off fluorescence emission, which is strongly amplified as a result of light trapping due to multiple scattering. This laser action is manifested as a dramatic increase in the emitted light intensity accompanied by a significant spectral and temporal narrowing above a threshold value of the pumping laser intensity. Applications may include brighter flat-panel displays, inexpensive lasers for communications, military countermeasures, and lasers for search and rescue operations.
Incorporation of Rare-Earth Complexes in α-Zirconium Phosphate Layered Matrices via Pendant Amino Groups
Authors: Tlemsani Shanez , Franville Anne-Christine , Zambon Daniel , Mahiou Rachid 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAmino-substituted rare-earth complexes (p-LnNH2DBM and m-LnNH2DBM with Ln3+ = Eu3+, Y3+) are intercalated in the interlayer region of a α-zirconium phosphate lattice to give luminescent hybrid lamellar materials. The preparation of the organic precursors and of the derived organic-inorganic materials is reported. XRD studies show that the hybrid compounds retain a layered structure and FTIR spectroscopy is used to monitor the intercalation reaction. The acid/base interactions between the NH2 functions and the pendant P-OH groups induce an important blue-shift of the absorption maximum of the organic molecule. The Eu3+ luminescence properties are investigated before and after intercalation of the organic complexes in the α-ZrP host structure and the optical characteristics of the para and meta derivatives are also compared.
A Generic Synthesis Route for Matrix Assisted Self-Assembly of Metal-Oxo Clusters in Organosilica Sol-Gels
Authors: Rao Mukti S. , Dave Bakul C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe use of an organically modified silica sol-gel matrix containing ligating groups that assist in the formation of metal-oxo clusters is described. The metal-ligand interactions can be tuned by change in external environment such that: a) under overload metal ion concentrations, the sol-gel matrix sequesters the metal ions to promote the growth of 4-7 nm size metal-oxo clusters within the porous structure of the matrix, b) a change in pH releases the metal ions from the bound metal-oxo clusters, thereby making the sol-gel matrix behave as ferritin analogues. These characteristics of the matrix assisted self-assembly of metal-oxo clusters are shown using UVVis, TEM, AES, and EDX data.
Non-Local Elasticity Kernels Extracted from Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Picu R.C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNon-local elasticity kernels are calibrated based on the atomic scale structure of glasses obtained from atomistic simulations. A model Morse material, with interatomic interactions described by a pair potential, and Al, characterized by an embedded-atom potential are considered. The study is limited to linear isotropic non-local elasticity. The functional form of the derived kernels is significantly different than that usually assumed in non-local constitutive models (Gaussian). They have a range that extends up to the cut-off radius of the interatomic potential, are positive at the origin, and become negative approximately one atomic distance away. These kernels involve 2 internal length scales that are both derived from atomistics for the materials mentioned above. The kernel for Al is tensorial, a different function weighting each entry of the stiffness tensor. Model materials interacting by pair potentials may be described by a single function that weights the whole stiffness tensor. Two applications are briefly described in closure. The new non-local model improves upon the Gaussian one by predicting a more realistic wave dispersion relationship, with essentially zero group velocity at the boundary of the Brillouin zone. Next, the role of non-locality in defining the Peierls stress of a dislocation is studied within a Peierls-Nabarro model and it is shown that the predictions of the critical stress improve upon consideration of non-locality.
Computer Simulation Studies of Fracture in Vitreous Silica
Authors: Ochoa Romulo , Arief Michael , Simmons Joseph H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe conduct molecular dynamics computer simulations of fracture in silica glass using the van Beest, Kramer, and van Santen model. Stress is applied by uniaxial strain at different pulling rates. Comparisons with previous fracture simulations of silica that used the Soules force function are presented. We find that in both models stress is relieved by rotation of the (SiO4)-2 tetrahedrons, increasing Si-O-Si bonding angles, and only small changes in the tetrahedron dimensions and O-Si-O angles.
Оцінка проявів ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту та його наслідків при тривалому спостереженні (5–10–15 років)
Authors: Lebets I.S. , Zaitseva E.N. , Letyago A.V. 
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Досі ювенільний ревматоїдний артрит залишається тяжким за проявами та наслідками захворюванням, при якому інвалідизація пацієнтів може формуватися з перших років патологічного процесу. Сьогодні науковий і практичний інтерес до цього захворювання значною мірою стосується технологій застосування біологічної терапії. Однак чітке знання особливостей перебігу хвороби, своєчасне призначення адекватної традиційної терапії в значної частини осіб можуть запобігти ранній інвалідизації. Мета дослідження: дати оцінку проявам ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту на різних етапах еволюції захворювання, починаючи з дебюту, й визначити наслідки хвороби при тривалому спостереженні. Матеріали й методи. Проаналізовано еволюцію суглобової форми ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту в 117 хворих віком 2–18 років, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні протягом 2012–2015 рр. у клініці ДУ «Інститут охорони здоров’я дітей та підлітків НАМН України». Оцінка проявів захворювання проводилася на кожному році розвитку процесу. Кінцева тривалість захворювання становила 5–10–15 років. Результати. Установлено, що на тлі традиційного лікування відбувається щорічне невпинне прогресування змін у суглобах, що проявляється збільшенням кількості уражених суглобів, розвитком їх функціональної недостатності та рентгенологічних змін, мікроциркуляторними порушеннями. З перших років процесу спостерігається чітке переважання поліартритів (р < 0,01). Отримано дані, що на показники прогресування хвороби, безумовно, впливають пізнє встановлення правильного діагнозу та запізніле призначення базисних засобів (за даними спостереження, тільки 12 % хворих починають їх отримувати на завершення першого року хвороби). Висновки. На позитивні наслідки ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту впливає не тільки своєчасне призначення базисних препаратів, але й тривале (роками) їх використання. Прогресування ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту, що нерідко спостерігається на тлі мінімальної активності, потребує регулярного планового спостереження хворих і ретельного їх обстеження як клінічними, так і апаратними методами.
A 2D threshold of the condylar–C1 interval to maximize identification of patients at high risk for atlantooccipital dislocation using computed tomography
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Horn Kevin P. , Ginos Jason , Brockmeyer Russell , Guan Jian , Rampton John , Brockmeyer Douglas L. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE
Measurement of the occipital condyle–C1 interval (CCI) is important in the evaluation of atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD) in pediatric trauma patients. The authors studied a large cohort of children with and without AOD to identify a 2D measurement threshold that maximizes the diagnostic yield of the CCI on cervical spine CT scans obtained in trauma patients.

METHODS
This retrospective, single-center study included all children who underwent CT of the cervical spine at Primary Children's Hospital from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014, for trauma evaluation. Bilateral CCI measurements in the coronal (3 measurements per side) and sagittal (4 measurements per side) planes were recorded. Using an iterative method, the authors determined optimal cutoffs for the maximal CCI in each plane in relation to AOD. The primary outcome was AOD requiring occipitocervical fusion.

RESULTS
A total of 597 pediatric patients underwent cervical spine CT for trauma evaluation: 578 patients without AOD and 19 patients with AOD requiring occipitocervical fusion. The authors found a statistically significant correlation between CCI and age (p < 0.001), with younger patients having higher CCIs. Using a 2D threshold requiring a sagittal CCI ≥ 2.5 mm and a coronal CCI ≥ 3.5 mm predicted AOD with a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 10.3%, and negative predictive value of 99%. The accuracy of this 2D threshold was 84%.

CONCLUSIONS
In the present study population, age-dependent differences in the CCI were found on CT scans of the cervical spine in a large cohort of patients with and without AOD. A 2D CCI threshold as a screening method maximizes identification of patients at high risk for AOD while minimizing unnecessary imaging studies in children being evaluated for trauma.
On the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest-redshift Quasars
Authors: Trakhtenbrot Benny , Volonteri Marta , Natarajan Priyamvada 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We estimate the accretion rates onto the supermassive black holes that power 20 of the highest-redshift quasars, at

, including the quasar with the highest redshift known to date—ULAS J1120 at z = 7.09. The analysis is based on the observed (rest-frame) optical luminosities and reliable “virial” estimates of the BH masses of the quasars, and utilizes scaling relations derived from thin accretion disk theory. The mass accretion rates through the postulated disks cover a wide range,

, with most of the objects (80%) having

, confirming the Eddington-limited nature of the accretion flows. By combining our estimates of

with conservative, lower limits on the bolometric luminosities of the quasars, we investigate which alternative values of

best account for all the available data. We find that the vast majority of quasars (∼85%) can be explained with radiative efficiencies in the range

, with a median value close to the commonly assumed

= 0.1. Within this range, we obtain conservative estimates of

for ULAS J1120 and SDSS J0100 (at z = 6.3), and of

for SDSS J1148 (at

assuming their BH masses are accurate). The implied accretion timescales are generally in the range

, suggesting that most quasars could have had

mass e-foldings since BH seed formation. Our analysis therefore demonstrates that the available luminosities and masses for the highest-redshift quasars can be explained self-consistently within the thin, radiatively efficient accretion disk paradigm. Episodes of radiatively inefficient, “super-critical” accretion may have occurred at significantly earlier epochs (i.e.,

).
ALMA [C ii] 158 μm Detection of a Redshift 7 Lensed Galaxy behind RX J1347.1−1145*
Authors: Bradač Maruša , Garcia-Appadoo Diego , Huang Kuang-Han , Vallini Livia , Finney Emily Quinn , Hoag Austin , Lemaux Brian C. , Schmidt Kasper Borello , Treu Tommaso , Carilli Chris , Dijkstra Mark , Ferrara Andrea , Fontana Adriano , Jones Tucker , Ryan Russell , Wagg Jeff , Gonzalez Anthony H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the results of ALMA spectroscopic follow-up of a z = 6.766 Lyα emitting galaxy behind the cluster RX J1347.1−1145. We report the detection of [C ii] 158 μm line fully consistent with the Lyα redshift and with the peak of the optical emission. Given the magnification of μ = 5.0 ± 0.3, the intrinsic (corrected for lensing) luminosity of the [C ii] line is L
[C ii]

, roughly ∼5 times fainter than other detections of z ∼ 7 galaxies. The result indicates that low L
[C ii] in z ∼ 7 galaxies compared to the local counterparts might be caused by their low metallicities and/or feedback. The small velocity offset (

) between the Lyα and [C ii] line is unusual, and may be indicative of ionizing photons escaping.