bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive evaluation of adaptive daily planning for cervical cancer HDR brachytherapy
Authors: Meerschaert Rebecca , Nalichowski Adrian , Burmeister Jay , Paul Arun , Miller Steven , Hu Zhenghui , Zhuang Ling 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate adaptive daily planning for cervical cancer patients who underwent high‐dose‐rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR‐BT) using comprehensive interfractional organ motion measurements. This study included 22 cervical cancer patients who underwent 5 fractions of HDR‐BT. Regions of interest (ROIs) including high‐risk clinical tumor volume (HR‐CTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were manually contoured on daily CT images. All patients were clinically treated with adaptive daily plans (ADP), which involved ROI delineation and dose optimization at each treatment fraction. Single treatment plans (SP) were retrospectively generated by applying the first treatment fraction's dwell times adjusted for decay and dwell positions of the applicator to subsequent treatment fractions. Various existing similarity metrics were calculated for the ROIs to quantify interfractional organ variations. A novel similarity (JRARM) score was established, which combined both volumetric overlap metrics (DSC, JSC, and RVD) and distance metrics (ASD, MSD, and RMSD). Linear regression was performed to determine a relationship between interfractional organ variations of various similarity metrics and variations from both plans. Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to assess ADP and SP by comparing for OARs. For interfractional organ variations, the sigmoid demonstrated the greatest variations based on the JRARM, DSC, and RMSD metrics. Comparisons between paired ROIs showed differences in metrics at each treatment fraction. RVD, MSD, and RMSD were found to be significantly correlated to variations for bladder and sigmoid. The comparison between plans found ADP provided lower EQD2 of OARs than SP. Specifically, the sigmoid demonstrated statistically significant dose variations (). Substantial interfractional organ motion occurs during HDR‐BT based on comprehensive measurements and may significantly affect of OARs. Adaptive daily planning provides improved dose sparing for OARs compared to single planning with the extent of sparing being different among OARs.PACS number(s): 87.55.D, 87.55.de, 87.55.kh, 87.57.nj
Deriving detector‐specific correction factors for rectangular small fields using a scintillator detector
Authors: Qin Yujiao , Zhong Hualiang , Wen Ning , Snyder Karen , Huang Yimei , Chetty Indrin J. 
Published: February 2017

The goal of this study was to investigate small field output factors (OFs) for flattening filter‐free (FFF) beams on a dedicated stereotactic linear accelerator‐based system. From this data, the collimator exchange effect was quantified, and detector‐specific correction factors were generated. Output factors for 16 jaw‐collimated small fields (from 0.5 to 2 cm) were measured using five different detectors including an ion chamber (CC01), a stereotactic field diode (SFD), a diode detector (Edge), Gafchromic film (EBT3), and a plastic scintillator detector (PSD, W1). Chamber, diodes, and PSD measurements were performed in a Wellhofer water tank, while films were irradiated in solid water at 100 cm source‐to‐surface distance and 10 cm depth. The collimator exchange effect was quantified for rectangular fields. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the measured configurations were also performed using the EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc code. Output factors measured by the PSD and verified against film and MC calculations were chosen as the benchmark measurements. Compared with plastic scintillator detector (PSD), the small volume ion chamber (CC01) underestimated output factors by an average of for square field). The stereotactic diode (SFD) overestimated output factors by for rectangular field). The other diode detector (Edge) also overestimated the OFs by an average of for square field). Gafchromic film (EBT3) measurements and MC calculations agreed with the scintillator detector measurements within and , respectively. Across all the X and Y jaw combinations, the average collimator exchange effect was computed: (CC01), (SFD), (Edge diode), (Monte Carlo), (film), and (PSD). Small field detectors should be used with caution with a clear understanding of their behaviors, especially for FFF beams and small, elongated fields. The scintillator detector exhibited good agreement against Gafchromic film measurements and MC simulations over the range of field sizes studied. The collimator exchange effect was found to be important at these small field sizes. Detector‐specific correction factors were computed using the scintillator measurements as the benchmark.PACS number(s): 87.56.Fc
The Bifunctional Enzyme SpoT Is Involved in the Clarithromycin Tolerance of Helicobacter pylori by Upregulating the Transporters HP0939, HP1017, HP0497, and HP0471
Authors: Geng Xiwen , Li Wen , Chen Zhenghong , Gao Sizhe , Hong Wei , Ge Xiaoran , Hou Guihua , Hu Zhekai , Zhou Yabin , Zeng Beini , Li Wenjuan , Jia Jihui , Sun Yundong 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Clarithromycin (CLA) is a commonly recommended drug for
Helicobacter pylori
eradication. However, the prevalence of CLA-resistant
H. pylori
is increasing. Although point mutations in the 23S rRNA are key factors for CLA resistance, other factors, including efflux pumps and regulation genes, are also involved in the resistance of
H. pylori
to CLA. Guanosine 3′-diphosphate 5′-triphosphate and guanosine 3′,5′-bispyrophosphate [(p)ppGpp)], which are synthesized by the bifunctional enzyme SpoT in
H. pylori
, play an important role for some bacteria to adapt to antibiotic pressure. Nevertheless, no related research involving
H. pylori
has been reported. In addition, transporters have been found to be related to bacterial drug resistance. Therefore, this study investigated the function of SpoT in
H. pylori
resistance to CLA by examining the shifts in the expression of transporters and explored the role of transporters in the CLA resistance of
H. pylori
. A Δ
spoT
strain was constructed in this study, and it was shown that SpoT is involved in
H. pylori
tolerance of CLA by upregulating the transporters HP0939, HP1017, HP0497, and HP0471. This was assessed using a series of molecular and biochemical experiments and a cDNA microarray. Additionally, the knockout of genes
hp0939
,
hp0471
, and
hp0497
in the resistant strains caused a reduction or loss (the latter in the Δ
hp0497
strain) of resistance to CLA. Furthermore, the average expression levels of these four transporters in clinical CLA-resistant strains were considerably higher than those in clinical CLA-sensitive strains. Taken together, our results revealed a novel molecular mechanism of
H. pylori
adaption to CLA stress.
Elective Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Skull Base Invasion
Authors: Cannon Richard B. , Dundar Yusuf , Thomas Andrew , Monroe Marcus M. , Buchmann Luke O. , Witt Benjamin L. , Sowder Aleksandra M. , Hunt Jason P. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesSkull base invasion from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) via perineural spread affects survival and the rate of regional metastasis. Our objective is to investigate the factors associated with elective neck dissection (END) in this population and the survival difference with END compared with observation for patients with a cN0 neck.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic.Subjects and MethodsPatients were treated surgically for head and neck cSCC with skull base invasion via perineural spread with a cN0 neck from 2004 to 2014. Clinicopathologic data were collected and analyzed. Primary outcomes were disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsFifty‐nine patients met inclusion criteria: 28 underwent an END and 31 underwent neck observation. Free tissue transfer reconstruction was significantly associated with END (P <. 001). Patients treated with an END had significantly improved 5‐year DFS (57% and 32%, P =. 042) and OS (60% and 37%, P =. 036) compared with those who were observed and a significantly reduced rate of regional recurrence (9% and 37%, P =. 024). The rate of occult nodal metastasis identified with END was 36% and is approximately equal to the regional failure rate of the neck observation group (37%).ConclusionEND was more commonly used in cases requiring free tissue transfer. The use of END for head and neck cSCCs that have invaded the skull base is not routinely performed but was found to be associated with a survival advantage and reduced regional recurrence rate.
Evaluation of a familial hypercholesterolaemia e-learning programme in primary care
Authors: Edwards Rhiannon 
Published: February 2017

With the renewed emphaisis on ongoing education for nurses, e-learning could be a very useful tool. Rhiannon Edwards describes how such a project can be established Education in primary care is vital to raise awareness, support clinical decision making and ensure evidence based practice is provided for patients. Accessing clinical education to support the Nursing and Midwifery Council revalidation targets (NMC 2015) particularly for practice nurses is challenging. Issues include lack of financial/time resources and availability of relevant courses. This article details the process of asessing the effectiveness and accessibility of a primary care focused Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) e-learning programme. The process evaluation included two stages: to assess clinical accuracy; and then assess the accessibility and effectiveness of the program. Results demonstrated an overall positive evaluation of effectiveness and accessibility of information. To conclude: This positive evaluation concludes that e-learning could be used is an effective and accessible method of bridging the gap between education and community healthcare settings.
The Use of Mycotoxin Binder to Control Its Contamination in Feed
Authors: Widiyanti Prima Mei , Maryam Romsyah 
Published: February 2017

<p class="awabstrak2">The climate in Indonesia as a tropical country is very condusive for the growth of mycotoxins producing fungi. Mycotoxins have properties as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, estrogenic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxic. Mycotoxins reduce performance, appetite, weight, and immunity. They also cause reproductive disorders and generate the residues in animal products that affect human health. These can be prevented by controlling mycotoxins contamination in agricultural products that used for feed ingredients through good management practices (during planting, harvesting, and storage). Mycotoxins contamination can also be minimized by physical, chemical and biological treatments as well as the application of mycotoxin binders. This review describes the use of mycotoxin binders in animal feed. They are used as feed additives, may be derived from organic, inorganic materials or their combination. Combination of organic and inorganic substances proven to be more effective and efficient in controlling mycotoxin contamination. Therefore, it is recommended to use mycotoxin binders to prevent animal health disorder and to decrease mycotoxin residues in animal products.</p><p class="awabstrak3"> </p>
Similarity is closeness: Using distributional semantic spaces to model similarity in visual and linguistic metaphors
Authors: Bolognesi Marianna , Aina Laura 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The semantic similarity that characterizes two terms aligned in a metaphor is here analysed through a corpus-based distributional semantic space. We compare and contrast two samples of metaphors, representative of visual and linguistic modality of expressions respectively. Popular theories of metaphor claim that metaphors transcend their modality to influence conceptual structures, thus suggesting that different modalities of expression would typically express the same conceptual metaphors. However, we show substantial differences in the degree of similarity captured by the distributional semantic space with regard to the modality of expression (higher similarity for linguistic metaphors than for visual ones). We argue that this is due to two possible variables: Conventionality (linguistic metaphors are typically conventional, while visual are not) and Complexity (visual metaphors have modality-specific inner complexities that penalize the degree of similarity between metaphor terms captured by a language-based model). Finally, we compare the similarity scores of our original formulations with those obtained from different possible verbalizations of the same metaphors (acquired by replacing the metaphor terms with their semantic neighbours). We show that while this operation does not affect the average similarity between metaphor terms for visual metaphors, the similarity changes significantly in linguistic metaphors. These results are discussed here.
Maladaptive Humor Styles as Mediators of the Relationship Between Attachment Insecurity and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Poncy George William 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Although theory and research evidence indicate that less securely attached persons are more likely than their secure peers to experience emotion regulation difficulties, this is not necessarily a pre-ordained outcome. Emotion regulation difficulties may be more proximally predicted by individuals’ maladaptive psychological defenses such as humor styles. This study explored the interrelationships between adult attachment orientations (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and perceived bonds with parents (perceived levels of parental care and control), emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and maladaptive humor styles (aggressive and self-defeating humor). Attachment anxiety, avoidance, and maternal care and overprotection were associated in expected directions with aggressive and self-defeating humor, but paternal care and overprotection were not. Additionally, aggressive and self-defeating humor were positively associated with expressive suppression and negatively associated with cognitive reappraisal. Self-defeating humor partially mediated the relationship between a number of attachment predictors (attachment anxiety, avoidance, maternal care, and maternal control) and expressive suppression. For example, attachment anxiety predicted higher use of self-defeating humor, which in turn predicted higher levels of expressive suppression. Finally, aggressive humor partially mediated the relationship between avoidance and cognitive reappraisal. Avoidance predicted higher use of aggressive humor, which in turn predicted lower levels of reappraisal. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Typological profile of the Great Andamanese family
Authors: Comrie Bernard , Zamponi Raoul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGreat Andamanese constitutes alongside Ongan one of the two indigenous language families of the Andaman Islands. The phonological typology of the Great Andamanese languages includes a number of features of areal interest, including retroflex consonants (characteristic of South Asia) and lack of phonemic fricatives (reconstructed for Proto-Dravidian). Its morphosyntactic typology has some unremarkable features from a global typological perspective, such as verb-final clause order combined with postpositions and possessor-before-possessed but with postnominal attributive adjectives, alongside highly unusual features such as: somatic prefixes; several series of personal pronouns whose choice depends not only on grammatical relation/semantic role but also, for instance, on clause type; negation of a verbal clause by expressing it as the non-finite subject of a negative copular clause; and root ellipsis.
Profiling Indo-Aryan in the Hindukush-Karakoram: A preliminary study of micro-typological patterns
Authors: Liljegren Henrik 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe study is a typological profile of 31 Indo-Aryan (IA) languages in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Western Himalayan region (covering NE Afghanistan, N Pakistan, and parts of Kashmir). Native speakers were recruited to provide comparative data. This data, supplemented by reputable descriptions or field notes, was evaluated against a number of WALS- or WALS-like features, enabling a fine-tuned characterization of each language, taking different linguistic domains into account (phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon). The emerging patterns were compared with global distributions as well as with characteristic IA features and well-known areal patterns. Some features, mainly syntactic, turned out to be shared with IA in general, whereas others do have scattered reflexes in IA outside of the region but are especially prevalent in the region: large consonant inventories, tripartite pronominal case alignment, a high frequency of left-branching constructions, and multi-degree deictic systems. Yet other features display a high degree of diversity, often bundling subareally. Finally, there was a significant clustering of features that are not characterizing IA in general: tripartite affricate differentiation, retroflexion across several subsets, aspiration contrasts involving voiceless consonants only, tonal contrasts and 20-based numerals. This clustering forms a “hard core” at the centre of the region, gradually fading out toward its peripheries.
Proteomic analysis of erythropoietin-induced changes in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Erbayraktar Zübeyde , Önkal Zeynep , Genç Kemal Kürşad , Genç Şermin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objective
Erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used for treatment of anemia associated with different diseases; however, its adverse effects limit its use in clinical practice. Therefore, understanding the effects of EPO at the molecular and cellular level is crucial to adjust treatment regimes, and to develop non-hematopoietic EPO derivatives. In this study, we used a proteomics approach to identify how EPO treatment modifies the cellular proteome.

Methods
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were used as the model system to analyze the effects of EPO treatment at different time points (24 h and 48 h). Proteomic analysis revealed changes in 74 proteins after EPO treatment. Following proteomics analysis, Reactome pathway analysis were carried out to identify the affected cellular pathways.

Results
According to results, EPO alters the levels of 74 protein species (40 were increased, 34 were decreased). The levels of 35 proteins were changed by 24 h EPO incubation, whereas 17 protein species were altered by 48 h EPO incubation. Levels of 22 protein species were altered by both of the incubation periods (24 h and 48 h).

Conclusion
Overall, our results suggest that EPO mainly affects protein species in glucose metabolism, protein and RNA metabolism, cytoskeletal proteins, and mitochondrial protein species.
Fall Preventive Exercise With or Without Behavior Change Support for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Short-Term Follow-up
Authors: Arkkukangas Marina , Söderlund Anne , Eriksson Staffan , Johansson Ann-Christin 
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose:
In Western countries, falls and fall-related injuries are a well-known threat to health in the aging population. Studies indicate that regular exercise improves strength and balance and can therefore decrease the incidence of falls and fall-related injuries. The challenge, however, is to provide exercise programs that are safe, effective, and attractive to the older population. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of a home-based exercise program with or without motivational interviewing (MI) compared with standard care on physical performance, fall self-efficacy, balance, activity level, handgrip strength, adherence to the exercise, and fall frequency.

Method:
A total of 175 older adults participated in this randomized controlled study. They were randomly allocated for the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) (n = 61), OEP combined with MI (n = 58), or a control group (n = 56). The participants' mean age was 83 years. The recruitment period was from October 2012 to May 2015. Measurements of physical performance, fall self-efficacy, balance, activity level, handgrip strength, adherence to the exercise, and fall frequency were done before and 12 weeks after randomization.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 161 participants were followed up, and there were no significant differences between groups after a period of 12 weeks of regular exercise. Within the OEP + MI group, physical performance, fall self-efficacy, physical activity level, and handgrip strength improved significantly; likewise, improved physical performance and fall self-efficacy were found in the control group. A corresponding difference did not occur in the OEP group. Adherence to the exercise was generally high in both exercise groups.

Conclusion:
In the short-term perspective, there were no benefits of an exercise program with or without MI regarding physical performance, fall self-efficacy, activity level, handgrip strength, adherence to the exercise, and fall frequency in comparison to a control group. However, some small effects occurred within the OEP + MI group, indicating that there may be some possible value in behavioral change support combined with exercise in older adults that requires further evaluation in both short- and long-term studies.
Obesity: changing outlook of Indian adolescent children: emerging and worrying trend
Authors: S. V. Prashanth , G. S. Latha , D. V. Veeresh Babu , S. Gururaj 
Published: February 2017

Background: Obesity, a key risk factor for the chronic and non-communicable disease, has become a serious public health concern in both developed and developing countries. WHO has designated obesity as global epidemic. In 2014, 41 million children under the age of 5 years were found to be overweight or obese. Most of the world’s population lives in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Objectives of the study were to know the prevalence of obesity and factors associated with obesity in rural and urban part of India.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three high schools of rural and urban part of Davangere district, central Karnataka, India with a sample of 918 adolescent school children. Pre-designed questionnaire was used to elicit the required information. Height and weight was measured. Body mass index was calculated. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed to be 10.1% and 0.5% respectively. In rural part the prevalence was 7.1% and in urban area it is 12.6%. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with family history of overweight/obesity, dietary habit, eating junk foods, sedentary life styles including watching television, lack of physical exercise and not participating in outdoor games.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity thought to be disease of developed and affluent nation. But in changing trends, countries like India especially rural areas, it’s alarming to see such results. Adopting the healthy lifestyles, food habits and regular exercise can reduce the risk of becoming overweight and obese.