bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorophore‐binding RNA aptamers and their applications
Authors: Dolgosheina Elena V. , Unrau Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Why image RNA? Of all the biological molecules, RNA exhibits the most diverse range of functions. Evidence suggests that transcription produces a wide range of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), both short (e.g., siRNAs, miRNAs) and long (e.g., telomeric RNAs) that regulate many aspects of gene expression, including the epigenetic processes that underlie cell fate determination, polarization, and morphogenesis. All these functions are realized through the exquisite temporal and spatial control of RNA expression levels and the stability of specific RNAs within well‐defined sub‐cellular compartments. Given the central importance of RNA in dictating cell behavior via gene‐related functions, there is a great demand for RNA imaging methods so as to determine the composition of the cellular ‘transcriptome’ and to acquire a complete spatial‐temporal profile of RNA localization. Recent advances in fluorophore‐binding RNA aptamers promise to provide exactly this knowledge, which can ultimately advance our understanding of cell function and behavior in conditions of health and disease, and in response to external stimuli. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:843–851. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1383This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
The Role of Troponin in Blunt Cardiac Injury After Multiple Trauma in Humans
Authors: Kalbitz Miriam , Pressmar Jochen , Stecher Johanna , Weber Birte , Weiss Manfred , Schwarz Stephan , Miltner Erich , Gebhard Florian , Huber‐Lang Markus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of cardiac injury in immediate fatalities after blunt trauma remains underestimated, and reliable diagnostic strategies are still missing. Furthermore, clinical data concerning heart‐specific troponin serum levels, injury severity score (ISS), catecholamine treatment and survival of patients on admission to the hospital have rarely been interrelated so far. Therefore, the object of the present study was to identify predictive parameters for mortality in the context of blunt cardiac injury.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 173 severely injured patients with an ISS ≥25 admitted to the University Hospital of Ulm, a level 1 trauma center, during 2009–2013. Furthermore, 83 blunt trauma victims who died before hospital admission were subjected to postmortem examination at the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Ulm, during 2009–2014. ISS, cardiac injury and associated thoracic injuries were determined in both groups. Furthermore, in the hospitalized patients, serum troponin and IL‐6 levels were measured.ResultsMacroscopic heart injury was observed in 18 % of the patients who died at the scene and only in 1 % of the patients admitted to the hospital, indicating that macroscopic heart injury is associated with an immediate life‐threatening condition. Troponin levels were elevated in 43 % of the patients after admission to the hospital. Moreover, troponin serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients treated with norepinephrine (26.4 ± 4 ng/l) and in non‐survivors (84.9 ± 22.8 ng/l) compared to patients without catecholamines and survivors, respectively.ConclusionsMacroscopic heart injury was 20 times more frequent in non‐survivors than in survivors. Serum troponin levels correlated with mortality after multiple injury and therefore may represent a valuable prognostic marker in trauma patients.
Self-oriented forgiveness and other-oriented forgiveness: Shaping high-quality exchange relationships
Authors: Thompson Bryant , Simkins Travis J 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe examine the effects of two distinct forgiveness motives, self-oriented and other-oriented, on relationship quality within supervisor–subordinate relationships. We provide empirical evidence that both forgiveness motives are positively associated with leader–member exchange and differentially associated with interpersonal citizenship behavior and suggest that previous forgiveness research may be incomplete. We demonstrate that high-quality leader–member relationships and interpersonal citizenship behavior can be enhanced by self-oriented forgiveness motive and other-oriented forgiveness motive. We further show that the association between forgiveness motive and leader–member exchange can be strengthened by one’s disposition, such that proactive personality strengthens the influence of self-oriented forgiveness motive on leader–member exchange and empathic concern strengthens the influence of other-oriented forgiveness motive on leader–member exchange. This manuscript aims to empirically examine two key pathways to forgiveness: one driven by self-orientation and the other driven by other-orientation.
New inflammatory parameters in laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Arslan H , Çandar T , Kuran S , Akmansu Ş H , Kocatürk S 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectives:To investigate new inflammatory markers in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux and determine whether these inflammatory parameters change in response to laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment.Methods:Complete blood count was evaluated to obtain platelet count and mean platelet volume and calculate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients underwent three-month lansoprazole treatment.Results:The study included 45 laryngopharyngeal reflux patients (9 men (20 per cent); mean age, 37.4 ± 11.6 years) and 35 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (7 men (20 per cent); mean age, 38.6 ± 8.9 years). The study group had significantly higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and lower mean platelet volumes than the control group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.047, respectively). There was a significant correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and initial inflammatory symptoms (reflux symptom index, p = 0.025; reflux finding score, p = 0.013). There was also a significant correlation between mean platelet volume increase and symptom resolution in the first and third months of treatment (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively).Conclusion:Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a new inflammatory marker of chronic inflammation, was significantly higher in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients. Moreover, these patients had significantly lower mean platelet volume values, which increased with post-treatment symptom improvement.
A simple proof of Lester’s theorem
Authors: Rigby John 
Published: August 2016

Lester’s theorem (1997) states that in any scalene triangle the two Fermat points F and F' (to be defined later), the nine-point centre N, and the circumcentre O, are concyclic, and that the pair of points O,F separates the pair N, F'. (In certain geometrical situations a line is regarded as a circle of infinite radius, so that the word ‘concyclic’ includes ‘collinear’ as a special case, but here ‘concyclic’ means ‘lying on a proper circle of finite radius’.) Previous proofs of Lester’s theorem have involved advanced techniques and/or computer algebra; to quote from Ron Shail’s recent article [1],‘Lester’s original computer-assisted discovery and proof make use of her theory of “complex triangle coordinates” and “complex triangle functions”. ... A proof has also been given by Trott ... using the advanced concept of GrObner bases in the reduction of systems of polynomial equations to “diagonal” form. Trott’s work uses the computer algebra system Mathematica as an essential tool.’
Transformed averages
Authors: Puritz Christian 
Published: August 2016

My first introduction to the idea of an average, at the age of about eight, left me wondering why anyone would want to add up some numbers and then divide by how many there were. A helpful illustration (not forthcoming at the time!) might be as follows:‘Suppose three boys are going on an outing and have each brought biscuits with them. They find that Alan has 7 biscuits, Jim has 6 and Tom has 11. They decide to pool their biscuits and share them out equally. So each gets (7 + 6 + 11)/3 = 24/3 = 8 biscuits. This is the average number of biscuits brought. So, they have the same total number of biscuits as they would have had if each had brought 8.’
A theorem of M. L. Urquhart's and some consequences
Authors: Leslie R. T. 
Published: August 2016

In an obituary of M. L. Urquhart in [1], David Elliott quotes him as claiming that Urquhart's theorem (below) is the most elementary theorem of Euclidean Geometry ‘since it involves only the concepts of straight line and distance’.Urquhart's theoremLet AC and AE be two straight lines.Let B be a point on AC, D a point on AE, and suppose that BE and CD intersect at F.If AB + BF = AD + DF then AC + CF = AE + EF. (1)
A generalisation of Ioachimescu’s constant
Authors: Sȋntămărian Alina 
Published: August 2016

In the problem proposed by A. G. Ioachimescu in 1895, it is asked to be shown that the sequence , defined by , for each , is convergent and its limit lies between -2 and -1.There have been given many generalisations and other results regarding Ioachimescu’s problem in the literature (see, for example, [2], [3], [4, Theorem 1, parts (a) and (b)], [5, problem P2, parts (i) and (ii)],).
Testing the cultural group selection hypothesis in Northern Ghana and Oaxaca
Authors: Acedo-Carmona Cristina , Gomila Antoni 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe examine the cultural group selection (CGS) hypothesis in light of our fieldwork in Northern Ghana and Oaxaca, highly multi-ethnic regions. Our evidence fails to corroborate two central predictions of the hypothesis: that the cultural group is the unit of evolution, and that cultural homogenization is to be expected as the outcome of a selective process.
The sketch is blank: No evidence for an explanatory role for cultural group selection
Authors: Krasnow Max M. , Delton Andrew W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs evidence that cultural group selection has occurred, Richerson et al. simply retrodict that humans use language, punish each other, and have religion. This is a meager empirical haul after 30 years. This contrasts sharply with the adaptationist approach to human behavior – evolutionary psychology – which has produced scores of novel, specific, and empirically confirmed predictions.
The disunity of cultural group selection
Authors: Morin Olivier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractI argue that demographic selection, migration, and cultural diffusion, three mechanisms of institutional change, have little in common. Two of these lack the key features associated with group selection: they do not present us with group-level selection pressures counteracting individual-level ones, need not produce behavioral altruism, and do not require competition between groups whose members cooperate preferentially with one another. Cultural norms vary, change, and influence cooperation; but that is not group selection.
Cultural group selection in the light of the selection of extended behavioral patterns
Authors: Simon Carsta 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe cultural group selection hypothesis is supported by considerations of short-term and long-term behavioral patterns of group members, and the short-term and long-term consequences of that behavior. The key to understanding cooperation lies in understanding that the effect of an extended behavioral pattern does not equal – and might even be opposite to – the added effects of its parts.
Multi-level selection, social signaling, and the evolution of human suffering gestures: The example of pain behaviors
Authors: Vigil Jacob M. , Kruger Eric 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPain suffering has been naturally selected to be experienced and expressed within a wider social system. The communication of pain improves group coordination and decision-making about engaging in resource dependent and potentially risky endeavors. Recent findings warrant the development of a cohesive framework for understanding the reciprocal nature of pain expression and individual and group-level outcomes that can generate novel predictions on the heuristical expression of human suffering in naturalistic and clinical settings.
Rome was not built in one day: Underlying biological and cognitive factors responsible for the emergence of agriculture and ultrasociality
Authors: Grotuss Jason , Beard Sarah Jean 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAgriculture represented a major transition in human evolution, but the appearance of ultrasociality must have included previous steps. We argue that ultrasociality would not have suddenly emerged with agriculture, but rather developed from pre-existing cognitive and social mechanisms. Discussions must include necessary depth about the historical origins of human ultrasociality, and agriculture's aftereffects on large-scale social organization.
Ultrasociality, class, threat, and intentionality in human society
Authors: McCain Roger A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGowdy & Krall neglect an important aspect of human societies, which is that class systems are not genetically based but rather based on threat. In turn, threat presupposes intentionality, so seems to distinguish human from arthropod ultrasociality. Class systems, in turn, seem to explain the distinctive mixture of persistence and instability characteristic of human, but not arthropod, ultrasocial populations.
The day of reckoning: Does human ultrasociality continue?
Authors: Ristau Carolyn A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo counter human ultrasociality, alternative communities can arise (ongoing), and, unlike insects, lower echelons can unite and rebel. Examples include movements such as: “Black Lives Matter,” “Fight for $15,” “Occupy,” and the “Village Movement.” To strengthen ultrasociality, a surplus bottom echelon can be reduced: for example, by means such as imprisoning Blacks, deporting immigrants, wars, and the Holocaust. Alternatively, a new structure could be created, for example, ISIL (even more ultrasocial?).
Malthus redux, and still blind in the same eye
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGowdy & Krall (G&K) essentially recapitulate Malthus's classic argument for ecological pessimism in modern biological dress. Their reasoning also reproduces Malthus's blindness to the implications of technological innovation. Agriculture might have suppressed human individualism as G&K insist, but technology has tended to foster it. This complicates human ecological prospects in a non-Malthusian way, and it might additionally provide the resources for deliverance from disaster.
Human agricultural economy is, and likely always was, largely based on kinship – Why?
Authors: Rusch Hannes , Voland Eckart 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe question the sequence of evolutionary transitions leading to ultrasociality in humans proposed by Gowdy & Krall. Evidence indicates that families are, and likely always have been, the primary productive units in human agricultural economies, suggesting that genetic relatedness is key to understanding when the suppression of individual autonomy to the benefit of subsistence groups, that is, extended families, evolved.
Does ultrasociality really exist – and is it the best predictor of human economic behaviors?
Authors: Stith Sarah S. , Vigil Jacob M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe agree that human economic structures can be informed by comparative analyses; however, we do not agree with several of Gowdy & Krall's specific assertions, which may hinder the generative potential of their model. We discuss these limitations from both biological and economic perspectives, and offer an alternative explanation for the expression of human economic behaviors based on individual optimization strategies.
Differences in autonomy of humans and ultrasocial insects
Authors: Vranka Marek , Bahník Štěpán 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe target article is built on an analogy between humans and ultrasocial insects. We argue that there are many important limitations to the analogy that make any possible inferences from the analogy questionable. We demonstrate the issue using an example of the difference between a loss of autonomy in humans and in social insects.
Humans are ultrasocial and emotional
Authors: Williams Lisa A. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGiven the highly social nature of the human emotion system, it is likely that it subserved the evolution of ultrasociality. We review how the experience and functions of human emotions enable social processes that promote ultrasociality (e.g., cooperation). We also point out that emotion may represent one route to redress one of the negative consequences of ultrasociality: ecosystem domination.
Laying the foundation for evonomics
Authors: Wilson David Sloan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe target article is a major step toward integrating the biological and human-related sciences. It is highly relevant to economics and public policy formulation in the real world, in addition to its basic scientific import. My commentary covers a number of points, including avoiding an excessively narrow focus on agriculture, the importance of multilevel selection and complex systems theory, and utopic versus dystopic scenarios for the future.
Computational specificity in the human brain
Authors: Shine James M. , Eisenberg Ian , Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough meta-analytic neuroimaging studies demonstrate a relative lack of specificity in the brain, this evidence may be the result of limits inherent to these types of studies. From this perspective, we review recent findings that suggest that brain function is most appropriately categorized according to the computational capacity of each brain system, rather than the specific task states that elicit its activity.
Parliamentary Report
Authors: Cranmer Frank 
Published: August 2016

On 9 May, the EU Justice Sub-Committee of the House of Lords, chaired by Baroness Helena Kennedy QC, published a report on the Government's proposals to repeal the Human Rights Act and replace it with a new Bill of Rights – and suggested that there was a forceful case for a Government rethink:
The proposals the Secretary of State outlined did not appear to depart significantly from the Human Rights Act – we note in particular that all the rights contained within the ECHR are likely to be affirmed in any British Bill of Rights. His evidence left us unsure why a British Bill of Rights was really necessary. If a Bill of Rights is not intended to change significantly the protection of human rights in the UK, we recommend the Government give careful thought before proceeding with this policy … the repeal of the Human Rights Act and its replacement by a Bill of Rights would be a constitutional change of the greatest significance.
Larger or Broader: Performance Implications of Size and Diversity of the Knowledge Worker's Egocentric Network
Authors: Chen Liang , Gable Guy G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractManagement scholars and practitioners emphasize the importance of the size and diversity of a knowledge worker's social network. Constraints on knowledge workers' time and energy suggest that more is not always better. Further, why and how larger networks contribute to valuable outcomes deserves further understanding. In this study, we offer hypotheses to shed insight on the question of the diminishing returns of large networks and the specific form of network diversity that may contribute to innovative performance among knowledge workers. We tested our hypotheses using data collected from 93 R&D engineers in a Sino-German automobile electronics company located in China. Study findings identified an inflection point, confirming our hypothesis that the size of the knowledge worker's egocentric network has an inverted U-shaped effect on job performance. We further demonstrate that network dispersion richness (the number of cohorts that the focal employee has connections to) rather than network dispersion evenness (equal distribution of ties across the cohorts) has more influence on the knowledge worker's job performance. Additionally, we found that the curvilinear effect of network size is fully mediated by network dispersion richness. Implications for future research on social networks in China and Western contexts are discussed.
Who's In and Who's Out: The Politics of Religious Norms
Authors: Karpowitz Christopher F. , Monson J. Quin , Patterson Kelly D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhat are the boundaries for discussing a candidate's religion? In the 2008 and the 2012 presidential campaigns, the religious beliefs and practices of at least one of the candidates became a subject of intense scrutiny from the media and the public. To ascertain the limits of social discourse for religious out-group, we conducted a survey experiment on the 2012 CCES survey. We find strong evidence that norms of social discourse do not apply to all religions equally. Furthermore, the application of norms differs by political party because Democrats and Republicans express concerns about different religious groups. Overall, there is a large difference for Muslims when it comes to social discourse. Finally, individuals have internalized the norms because most of them are willing to sanction those who violate them, even if the norms on social discourse are not applied equally among American voters.
Widespread adaptive evolution during repeated evolutionary radiations in New World lupins
Authors: Nevado Bruno , Atchison Guy W. , Hughes Colin E. , Filatov Dmitry A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe evolutionary processes that drive rapid species diversification are poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether Darwinian adaptation or non-adaptive processes are the primary drivers of explosive species diversifications. Here we show that repeated rapid radiations within New World lupins (Lupinus, Leguminosae) were underpinned by a major increase in the frequency of adaptation acting on coding and regulatory changes genome-wide. This contrasts with far less frequent adaptation in genomes of slowly diversifying lupins and all other plant genera analysed. Furthermore, widespread shifts in optimal gene expression coincided with shifts to high rates of diversification and evolution of perenniality, a putative key adaptation trait thought to have triggered the evolutionary radiations in New World lupins. Our results reconcile long-standing debate about the relative importance of protein-coding and regulatory evolution, and represent the first unambiguous evidence for the rapid onset of lineage- and genome-wide accelerated Darwinian evolution during rapid species diversification.
Resin embedded multicycle imaging (REMI): a tool to evaluate protein domains
Authors: Busse B. L. , Bezrukov L. , Blank P. S. , Zimmerberg J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProtein complexes associated with cellular processes comprise a significant fraction of all biology, but our understanding of their heterogeneous organization remains inadequate, particularly for physiological densities of multiple protein species. Towards resolving this limitation, we here present a new technique based on resin-embedded multicycle imaging (REMI) of proteins in-situ. By stabilizing protein structure and antigenicity in acrylic resins, affinity labels were repeatedly applied, imaged, removed, and replaced. In principle, an arbitrarily large number of proteins of interest may be imaged on the same specimen with subsequent digital overlay. A series of novel preparative methods were developed to address the problem of imaging multiple protein species in areas of the plasma membrane or volumes of cytoplasm of individual cells. For multiplexed examination of antibody staining we used straightforward computational techniques to align sequential images, and super-resolution microscopy was used to further define membrane protein colocalization. We give one example of a fibroblast membrane with eight multiplexed proteins. A simple statistical analysis of this limited membrane proteomic dataset is sufficient to demonstrate the analytical power contributed by additional imaged proteins when studying membrane protein domains.