bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes from 2012 to 2015 in intravenous fluid solutions issued to hospital departments
Authors: Jonsson A. B. , Perner A. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundIn recent years, large trials have increased the level of evidence for intravenous (IV) fluid therapy, at least in the intensive care setting. It is less clear whether this change in the evidence base has been associated with changes in IV fluid use in different hospital departments.MethodsWe obtained details from the regional pharmacy regarding IV fluids issued to hospital departments in the Danish Capitol Region from January 2012 to May 2015. We used paired Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test to analyse changes in the issuing in different departments.ResultsTotal regional issuing of IV fluids showed increase in crystalloid solutions (9%; P = 0.001) and decrease in colloid solutions (59%; P = 0.005). Subtype analysis showed increased issuing of buffered crystalloids (36%; P = 0.001), human albumin (30%; P < 0.0001) and decreased issuing in synthetic colloid solutions (82%; P < 0.0001) from Q1 2012 to Q2 2015. At the departmental level, the issuing of synthetic colloid solutions decreased markedly to all settings. The issuing of buffered crystalloids increased to orthopaedic (226%; P = 0.03) and to general surgery departments (686%; P = 0.002). Albumin solutions were increasingly issued to anaesthesia departments (63%; P = 0.005) and was rarely issued to general surgery and orthopaedic departments.ConclusionsThe issuing of IV fluid solutions to hospital departments has changed markedly over the last years to less colloid, in particular the synthetic solutions, and relatively more issuing of crystalloids, in particular the buffered solutions.
The acute‐phase mediator serum amyloid A is associated with symptoms of depression and fatigue
Authors: Bryleva E. Y. , Keaton S. A. , Grit J. , Madaj Z. , Sauro‐Nagendra A. , Smart L. , Halstead S. , Achtyes E. , Brundin L. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveEstablish whether inflammatory biomarkers—serum amyloid A (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)—are related to key symptoms of depression, including anxiety and fatigue, in a cross‐sectional, out‐patient setting to identify biomarkers that reflect psychiatric symptomatology in a naturalistic, real‐life population.MethodsWe measured SAA, CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in plasma samples from 89 adult psychiatric out‐patients by multiplex, high‐sensitivity electrochemiluminescent assays. Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD‐17), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D).ResultsPlasma SAA was most robustly associated with depressive symptoms across diagnostic boundaries in this cohort of out‐patients. Elevated SAA was significantly associated with higher total scores on the HAMD‐17 scale and correlated with multiple scale items that rated symptoms of fatigue and depressed mood, but not with anxiety‐related items.ConclusionsSAA might constitute a cross‐diagnostic marker indicative of depressed mood and fatigue in a naturalistic patient setting. Because SAA activates Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4, present on macrophages and glial cells, its association with depression severity could also implicate this inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of mood disorders.
Recovery from alcohol dependence: Do smoking indicators predict abstinence?
Authors: Hufnagel Anna , Frick Ulrich , Ridinger Monika , Wodarz Norbert 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesThere is inconsistent evidence about the potential influence of smoking on recovery from alcohol dependence. Our study aimed at assessing the impact of smoking‐behavior on relapse during a 12 months follow‐up period following a detoxification in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).MethodsThree hundred Patients with AUD (74.9% smoking) were recruited from two inpatient detoxification units in psychiatric hospitals in Germany and their alcohol consumption was prospectively followed for 1 year. Data on different indicators of smoking behavior was gathered. Cox regression model was used to evaluate potential risk factors on time to relapse of alcohol consumption. Two hundred seventy‐nine participants (n = 279) were included in the final analysis.ResultsSmoking increased the risk for alcohol relapse (hazard ratio = 3.962, 95% CI 1.582–9.921). However, this increased risk is slightly reduced with higher numbers of daily consumed cigarettes (hazard ratio per cigarette = .986, 95% CI .976–.995).ConclusionSmoking reduced the probability of maintaining alcohol abstinence significantly, whereas higher number of cigarettes smoked daily diminished the increased risk of alcohol relapse in alcohol‐dependent patients.Scientific SignificanceCoordinated psychiatric and substance abuse interventions for different subgroups of patients with AUD in the post‐acute treatment phase are necessary. Individualized treatment planning is especially important in smoking patients with AUD who are vulnerable for a relapse to alcohol drinking and for somatic complications. Our findings might support individualized treatment plans. (Am J Addict 2017;26:366–373)
Multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis with T‐cell large granular lymphocyte clonopathy
Authors: Papadantonakis Pavlos , Kaparou Maria , Papadaki Helen A , Marinos Leonidas , Krasagakis Konstantin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 63‐year‐old Caucasian man presented with a 4‐month history of disseminated asymptomatic reddish‐brown papulonodular lesions. A skin biopsy showed dermal infiltration with CD68+ histiocytes, predominantly with eosinophilic cytoplasm, some with a ground‐glass cytoplasm, and a small number of giant cells. The diagnosis of multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis was made. Bone marrow immunophenotyping due to peripheral blood lymphocytosis revealed the presence of a monoclonal population of CD3+, CD8+ CD57+ large granular lymphocytes. The present case suggests the coexistence of multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis with an underlying disorder.
Molecular displaying of differential immunoresponse to various infections of amniotic epithelia
Authors: Nemr Waleed , Bashandy Monem , Araby Eman , Khamiss Omaima 
Published: April 2017

ProblemMolecular displaying for the interaction of innate immune cells against pathogen is important for knowing their defense mechanism. This study aimed to visualize the differential gene expression profiles of amniotic epithelium, in response to various infections, using simple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) techniques.Method of studyAntimicrobial activity of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) was verified against three different models of pathogenic microorganisms. RNA was extracted from infected and non‐infected cells. Transcripts were visualized by two methods of RT‐PCR; one of them targets β‐defensin 2 (BDEF2). The other is a novel design method of RNA fingerprinting based on differential length amplification of transcripts (DifLAT) to polymorphism more than 69 coding sequences for antimicrobial proteins.ResultsThe semiquantitative gel analysis indicated that BDEF2 was upregulated during all infections. DifLAT experiment visualized different patterns of HAECs transcripts for each case of infection.ConclusionThis study proved that HAECs uses alternative gene expression profiles for fighting different pathogens.
Computer‐Assisted Keyword and Document Set Discovery from Unstructured Text
Authors: King Gary , Lam Patrick , Roberts Margaret E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe (unheralded) first step in many applications of automated text analysis involves selecting keywords to choose documents from a large text corpus for further study. Although all substantive results depend on this choice, researchers usually pick keywords in ad hoc ways that are far from optimal and usually biased. Most seem to think that keyword selection is easy, since they do Google searches every day, but we demonstrate that humans perform exceedingly poorly at this basic task. We offer a better approach, one that also can help with following conversations where participants rapidly innovate language to evade authorities, seek political advantage, or express creativity; generic web searching; eDiscovery; look‐alike modeling; industry and intelligence analysis; and sentiment and topic analysis. We develop a computer‐assisted (as opposed to fully automated or human‐only) statistical approach that suggests keywords from available text without needing structured data as inputs. This framing poses the statistical problem in a new way, which leads to a widely applicable algorithm. Our specific approach is based on training classifiers, extracting information from (rather than correcting) their mistakes, and summarizing results with easy‐to‐understand Boolean search strings. We illustrate how the technique works with analyses of English texts about the Boston Marathon bombings, Chinese social media posts designed to evade censorship, and others.
AhR mediates an anti‐inflammatory feedback mechanism in human Langerhans cells involving FcεRI and IDO
Authors: Koch S. , Stroisch T. J. , Vorac J. , Herrmann N. , Leib N. , Schnautz S. , Kirins H. , Förster I. , Weighardt H. , Bieber T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an important regulator of immune responses, is activated by UVB irradiation in the skin. Langerhans cells (LC) in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) carry the high‐affinity receptor for IgE, FcεRI, and are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of AD by inducing inflammatory responses and regulating tolerogenic processes.ObjectivesWe investigated AhR and AhR repressor (AhRR) expression and functional consequences of AhR activation in human ex vivo skin cells and in in vitro‐generated LC.MethodsEpidermal cells from healthy skin were analyzed for their expression of AhR and AhRR. LC generated from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (CD34LC) were treated with the UV photoproduct and AhR ligand 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ). Cell surface receptors, transcription factors, and the tolerogenic tryptophan‐degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) were analyzed using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR.ResultsEpidermal LC and CD34LC express AhR and AhRR. AhR was also found in keratinocytes, which lack AhRR. AhR activation of LC by FICZ caused downregulation of FcεRI in CD34LC without affecting their maturation. AhR‐mediated regulation of FcεRI did not involve any known transcription factors related to this receptor. Furthermore, we could show upregulation of IDO mediated by AhR engagement.ConclusionsOur study shows that AhR activation by FICZ reduces FcεRI and upregulates IDO expression in LC. This AhR‐mediated anti‐inflammatory feedback mechanism may dampen the allergen‐induced inflammation in AD.
RNase 7 downregulates TH2 cytokine production by activated human T cells
Authors: Kopfnagel V. , Wagenknecht S. , Brand L. , Zeitvogel J. , Harder J. , Hofmann K. , Kleine M. , Werfel T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe antimicrobial peptide (AMP) RNase 7 is constitutively expressed in the epidermis of healthy human skin and has been found to be upregulated in chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Activated T cells in lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO) might be directly exposed to RNase 7. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, immunoregulatory functions have been published for several AMPs. In this study, we investigated immunoregulatory effects of the antimicrobial peptide RNase 7 on activated T cells.MethodsIsolated human CD3+T cells were stimulated with RNase 7 and screened for possible effects by mRNA microarray analysis. The results of the mRNA microarray were confirmed in isolated CD4+T cells and in polarized TH2 cells using skin‐derived native RNase 7 and a recombinant ribonuclease‐inactive RNase 7 mutant. Activation of GATA3 was analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.ResultsTreatment of activated human CD4+T cells and TH2 cells with RNase 7 selectively reduced the expression of TH2 cytokines (IL‐13, IL‐4 and IL‐5). Experiments with a ribonuclease‐inactive recombinant RNase 7 mutant showed that RNase 7 ribonuclease activity is dispensable for the observed regulatory effect. We further demonstrate that CD4+T cells from AD patients revealed a significantly less pronounced downregulation of IL‐13 in response to RNase 7 compared to healthy control. Finally, we show that GATA3 activation was diminished upon cultivation of T cells with RNase 7.ConclusionOur data indicate that RNase 7 has immunomodulatory functions on TH2 cells and decreases the production of TH2 cytokines in the skin.
Serum levels of 9α,11β‐PGF2 and apolipoprotein A1 achieve high predictive power as biomarkers of anaphylaxis
Authors: Wittenberg M. , Nassiri M. , Francuzik W. , Lehmann K. , Babina M. , Worm M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnaphylaxis is a life‐threatening hypersensitivity reaction. To identify biomarkers for the condition, we assessed serum levels of apolipoprotein (Apo)A and ApoE. We found a reduction of both lipoproteins in anaphylactic mice as well as in orally challenged food allergic patients. We then compared patients after acute anaphylaxis with several control groups (nonallergic, history of allergen‐triggered anaphylaxis, acute cardiovascular/febrile reactions). In this unpaired setting, ApoE levels were unaltered, while ApoA1 was reduced in the anaphylactic group. Although unable to discriminate between anaphylaxis and cardiovascular/febrile reactions, ROC curve analysis revealed a reasonably high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 for ApoA1. Serum 9α,11ß‐PGF2, recently identified as a suitable biomarker for anaphylaxis, outperformed ApoA1 with AUC=0.95. Intriguingly however its power further increased upon combination of both mediators reaching AUC=1. Our data suggest that ApoA1 combined with 9α,11ß‐PGF2 represents a useful composite biomarker of anaphylaxis, achieving superior diagnostic power over either factor alone.
Postoperative complications following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy are common in children
Authors: Hansen E , Qvist N , Rasmussen L , Ellebæk MB 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimInserting a feeding tube using percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy may be necessary to ensure that children with eating problems receive sufficient enteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative and postoperative complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy when the pull‐through method was the standard procedure.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 229 children (50.7% male) who underwent a gastrostomy procedure at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2012. The median age of the children was 1.6 years (range: 0–14.9), and the follow‐up period was 36 months. Complications were graded according to the Clavien‐Dindo classification.ResultsA total of 167 postoperative complications occurred in 118 of the 229 patients (51.5%). Of these, 89 were grade 1 complications, 49 were grade 2 complications, and 29 were grade 3b complications. No gastrostomy‐related deaths were observed, and no single preoperative risk factor was identified. Perioperative complications were experienced by 2.6% of the patients.ConclusionGastrostomy feeding tube placement was associated with a high rate of postoperative complications of various grades when the pull‐through method was the standard procedure. A consensus on how to report and grade complications arising from this procedure is warranted.
The role of neuropeptide W in energy homeostasis
Authors: Li H. , Kentish S. J. , Wittert G. A. , Page A. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeuropeptide W is the endogenous ligand for G‐protein‐coupled receptors GPR7 and GPR8. In this review, we summarize findings on the distribution of neuropeptide W and its receptors in the central nervous system and the periphery, and discuss the role of NPW in food intake and energy homeostasis.
Editorial: further evidence for the use of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques to monitor NAFLD
Authors: Mansour D. , McPherson S. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lin and Loomba, and Lin et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14037 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13951.
Editorial: latent class analysis to improve confidence in the diagnosis of IBS – authors’ reply
Authors: Sood R. , Gracie D. J. , Gold M. J. , To N. , Pinto‐Sanchez M. I. , Bercik P. , Moayyedi P. , Ford A. C. , Law G. R. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ballou and Lembo, and Sood et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14002 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13949.
Editorial: infliximab trough cut‐off for perianal Crohn's disease – another piece of the therapeutic drug monitoring‐guided infliximab dosing puzzle
Authors: Mitrev N. , Kariyawasam V. , Leong R. W. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Yarur et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13970.
Editorial: rethinking predictors of response to the low FODMAP diet – should we retire fructose and lactose breath‐hydrogen testing and concentrate on visceral hypersensitivity?
Authors: Tuck C. J. , McNamara L. S. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Wilder‐Smith et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14041 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13978.
Letter: hepatocellular carcinoma risk after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance – authors’ reply
Authors: Gounder P. P. , Mosites E. M. , McMahon B. J. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Jiang et al and Gounder et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13983 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13621.
Editorial: combining elastography with blood test for fibrosis assessment in chronic hepatitis C – authors’ reply
Authors: Calès P. , Boursier J. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Trivedi and Lai, and Calès et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14011 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13954.
Editorial: further evidence for the use of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques to monitor NAFLD – authors’ reply
Authors: Lin S. C. , Loomba R. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mansour and McPherson, and Lin et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14005 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13951.
Editorial: vedolizumab in pregnancy – is gut selectivity as good for baby as it is for mum? Authors’ reply
Authors: Mahadevan U. , Vermeire S. , Lasch K. , Abhyankar B. , Bhayat F. , Blake A. , Dubinsky M. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Shim and Seow, and Mahadevan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14027 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13960.
Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulated fibroblast growth factor 19 response – a potential biochemical test for bile acid diarrhoea.
Authors: Borup C. , Wildt S. , Rumessen J. J. , Bouchelouche P. N. , Graff J. , Damgaard M. , McQuitty C. , Rainteau D. , Munck L. K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundBile acid diarrhoea is underdiagnosed and better diagnostic tests are needed. Fasting serum fibroblast growth factor‐19 (FGF19) has insufficient diagnostic value, but this may be improved by stimulation.AimTo explore if an impaired FGF19 response identifies primary bile acid diarrhoea.MethodsEight patients with primary bile acid diarrhoea and eight healthy volunteers ingested (i) a meal plus 1250 mg chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), (ii) 1250 mg CDCA or (iii) the meal. Blood was sampled at fasting and repeatedly after stimulation. We analysed FGF19 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and bile acids including 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsStimulation with the meal plus CDCA increased median FGF19 in healthy volunteers from fasting 62 pg/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 41–138] to 99 pg/mL (IQR: 67–147; P = 0.012) after 90 min and peaked after 150 min at 313 pg/mL (IQR: 54–512). This response was impaired in primary bile acid diarrhoea patients [fasting 56 pg/mL (IQR: 42–79); 90 min: 48 pg/mL [IQR: 37–63); 150 min: 57 pg/mL (48–198)]. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCAUC) for fasting FGF19 was 0.55 (P = 0.75) and at 90 min 0.84 (P = 0.02). The difference in FGF19 from fasting to 90 min after the meal plus CDCA separated the groups (ROCAUC 1.0; P = 0.001). 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one was elevated in primary bile acid diarrhoea (P = 0.038) and not significantly affected by stimulation.ConclusionsThe FGF19 response following chenodeoxycholic acid plus meal is impaired in primary bile acid diarrhoea. This may provide a biochemical diagnostic test.
Dose sparing and the lack of a dose–response relationship with an influenza vaccine in adult and elderly patients – a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Vajo Zoltan , Balaton Gergely , Vajo Peter , Kalabay Laszlo , Erdman Adam , Torzsa Peter 
Published: April 2017

AimsThe currently licensed seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines contain 15 μg haemagglutinin per strain for adult, and up to 60 μg for elderly patients. However, due to recent shortages, dose sparing to increase production capacity would be highly desirable. In the present study, we attempted to find a dose–response relationship for immunogenicity and, thus, the optimal dose for seasonal influenza vaccines in adult and elderly patients.MethodsA total of 256 subjects, including adult (aged 18–60 years) and elderly (aged over 60 years) individuals, were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive a whole‐virion, aluminium‐adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine containing 3.5, 6, 9 or 15 μg haemagglutinin of seasonal A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B influenza antigens manufactured by Omninvest Ltd., Hungary. Serum antibody titres against the vaccine virus strains were measured by haemagglutination inhibition.ResultAll vaccines were well tolerated. All four vaccines fulfilled all three immunogenicity licensing criteria, as determined by the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP)/Biotechnology Working Party (BWP)/214/96 guideline for all three virus strains and both age groups. The 3.5 μg vaccine showed 28% less seroconversion compared to the 15 μg dose in terms of influenza AH3N2 in the adult group (95% confidence interval –51, −3; P < 0.05). All other doses showed no significant difference in immunogenicity compared with the licensed vaccine containing 15 μg haemagglutinin.ConclusionsOur data suggested that significant dose sparing is possible with the use of whole‐virion vaccines and aluminium adjuvants, without compromising safety. This could have significant economic and public health impacts.