bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major Complex Abdominal Wall Repair in Contaminated Fields with Use of a Non‐cross‐linked Biologic Mesh: A Dual‐Institutional Experience
Authors: Atema J. J. , Furnée E. J. , Maeda Y. , Warusavitarne J. , Tanis P. J. , Bemelman W. A. , Vaizey C. J. , Boermeester M. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundData on the use of biologic mesh in abdominal wall repair in complex cases remain sparse. Aim of this study was to evaluate a non‐cross‐linked porcine acellular dermal matrix for repair of complex contaminated abdominal wall defects.MethodsRetrospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing abdominal wall repair with use of Strattice™ Reconstructive Tissue Matrix (LifeCell Corporation, Oxford, UK) between January 2011 and February 2015 at two National Intestinal Failure Units.ResultsEighty patients were identified. Indications for abdominal wall repair included enterocutaneous fistula takedown (n = 50), infected synthetic mesh removal (n = 9), restoration of continuity or creation of a stoma with concomitant ventral hernia repair (n = 12), and others (n = 9). The median defect area was 143.0 cm2 (interquartile range or IQR 70.0–256.0 cm2). All had a grade III or IV hernia. Component separation technique (CST) was performed in 54 patients (68%). Complete fascial closure was not possible despite CST and biologic mesh‐assisted traction (bridged repair) in 20 patients (25%). In‐hospital mortality was 1%. Thirty‐six patients (45%) developed a wound infection. None required mesh removal. Of 76 patients with a median clinical follow‐up of 7 months (IQR 4–15) available for analysis, 10 patients (13%) developed a hernia recurrence, of whom 3 had undergone bridged repairs. Seven patients developed a postoperative (recurrent) fistula (9%).ConclusionRepair of challenging and contaminated abdominal wall defects can be done effectively with non‐cross‐linked biologic mesh and component separation technique without the need for mesh removal despite wound infections.
Extralevator Abdominal Perineal Excision Versus Standard Abdominal Perineal Excision: Impact on Quality of the Resected Specimen and Postoperative Morbidity
Authors: Habr‐Gama Angelita , São Julião Guilherme P. , Mattacheo Adrian , de Campos‐Lobato Luiz Felipe , Aleman Edgar , Vailati Bruna B. , Gama‐Rodrigues Joaquim , Perez Rodrigo Oliva 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal perineal excision (APE) has been associated with a high risk of positive circumferential resection margin (CRM+) and local recurrence rates in the treatment of rectal cancer. An alternative extralevator approach (ELAPE) has been suggested to improve the quality of resection by avoiding coning of the specimen decreasing the risk of tumor perforation and CRM+. The aim of this study is to compare the quality of the resected specimen and postoperative complication rates between ELAPE and “standard” APE.MethodsAll patients between 1998 and 2014 undergoing abdominal perineal excision for primary or recurrent rectal cancer at a single Institution were reviewed. Between 1998 and 2008, all patients underwent standard APE. In 2009 ELAPE was introduced at our Institution and all patients requiring APE underwent this alternative procedure (ELAPE). The groups were compared according to pathological characteristics, specimen quality (CRM status, perforation and failure to provide the rectum and anus in a single specimen—fragmentation) and postoperative morbidity.ResultsFifty patients underwent standard APEs, while 22 underwent ELAPE. There were no differences in CRM+ (10.6 vs. 13.6%; p = 0.70) or tumor perforation rates (8 vs. 0%; p = 0.30) between APE and ELAPE. However, ELAPE were less likely to result in a fragmented specimen (42 vs. 4%; p = 0.002). Advanced pT‐stage was also a risk factor for specimen fragmentation (p = 0.03). There were no differences in severe (Grade 3/4) postoperative morbidity (13 vs. 10%; p = 0.5). Perineal wound dehiscences were less frequent among ELAPE (52 vs 13%; p < 0.01). Despite short follow‐up (median 21 mo.), 2‐year local recurrence‐free survival was better for patients undergoing ELAPE when compared to APE (87 vs. 49%; p = 0.04).ConclusionsELAPE may be safely implemented into routine clinical practice with no increase in postoperative morbidity and considerable improvements in the quality of the resected specimen of patients with low rectal cancers.
Biodegradation of insensitive munition formulations IMX101 and IMX104 in surface soils
Authors: Indest Karl J , Hancock Dawn E , Crocker Fiona H , Eberly Jed O , Jung Carina M , Blakeney Gary A , Brame Jon , Chappell Mark A 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The biodegradation potential of insensitive munition melt cast formulations IMX101 and IMX104 was investigated in two unamended training range soils under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Changes in community profiles in soil microcosms were monitored via high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing over the course of the experiments to infer key microbial phylotypes that may be linked to IMX degradation. Complete anaerobic biotransformation occurred for IMX101 and IMX104 constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one during the 30-day incubation period with Camp Shelby (CS) soil. By comparison, soil from Umatilla chemical depot demonstrated incomplete DNAN degradation with reduced transformation rates for both IMX101 and IMX104. Aerobic soil microcosms for both soils demonstrated reduced transformation rates compared to anaerobic degradation for all IMX constituents with DNAN the most susceptible to biotransformation by CS soil. Overall, IMX constituents hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and 1-nitroguanidine did not undergo significant transformation. In CS soil, organisms that have been associated with explosives degradation, namely members of the Burkholderiaceae, Bacillaceae, and Paenibacillaceae phylotypes increased significantly in anaerobic treatments whereas Sphingomonadaceae increased significantly in aerobic treatments. Collectively, these data may be used to populate fate and transport models to provide more accurate estimates for assessing environmental costs associated with release of IMX101 and IMX104.
Performing and Declining PGD: Accounts of Jewish Israeli Women Who Carry a BRCA1/2 Mutation or Partners of Male Mutation Carriers
Authors: Dagan Efrat , Birenbaum‐Carmeli Daphna , Friedman Eitan , Feldman Baruch 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo describe factors associated with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) decisions among Jewish Israeli BRCA1/2 carriers or spouses of a male carrier, we contacted all women who initiated PGD consultation for embryonic BRCA1/2 mutation detection at Sheba Medical Center, prior to March 2014. Applying a qualitative approach, we asked women to elaborate on the factors they considered in either opting for PGD or discontinuing the screening procedure. Participants were 18 Jewish Israeli women; 14 were carriers of one of the Ashkenazi founder mutations in BRCA1/2, and four were spouses of male mutation carriers, who underwent at least one cycle of PGD. Prior to seeking PGD, ten of the women had no children. At the time of the interview, all but three had at least one child. Three factors emerged as key motivators for PGD: having witnessed the disease in a close relative (n = 12); prior IVF treatment for infertility (n = 12); and having pre‐existing frozen embryos (n = 6). Ten women withdrew from the PGD process due to clinical, logistical, and financial reasons. In conclusion, most women decided to withdraw from PGD instead of continuing until a successful conception was achieved. Those who opted for PGD attributed their discontinuation of further screening to the emotional burden that is greatly intensified by practical difficulties.
Clinical and genetic analyses of familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia patients in Southern Italy
Authors: Capozzo Rosa , Sassi Celeste , Hammer Monia B. , Arcuti Simona , Zecca Chiara , Barulli Maria R. , Tortelli Rosanna , Gibbs J. Raphael , Crews Cynthia , Seripa Davide , Carnicella Francesco , Dell'Aquila Claudia , Rossi Marco , Tamma Filippo , Valluzzi Francesco , Brancasi Bruno , Panza Francesco , Singleton Andrew B. , Logroscino Giancarlo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the clinical differences between familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), screening for mutations in known FTD genes.MethodsWe diagnosed 22 affected individuals belonging to eight families and 43 sporadic cases with FTD in Apulia, Southern Italy, in 2 years. Mutations in common causative FTD genes (GRN, MAPT, VCP, and TARDBP) and C9ORF72 expansions were screened.ResultsBehavioral variant of FTD was the most common clinical subtype (50% and 69% in familial and sporadic cases, respectively). Social conduct impairment/disinhibition, loss of insight, and inflexibility were the most frequent clinical features observed at onset. One new mutation was identified in GRN in family A.DiscussionDisease onset in sporadic FTD was more frequently characterized by a clustering of behavioral symptoms with apathy and loss of personal hygiene. Mutations in common causative FTD genes are not a major cause of familial and sporadic FTD in the Southern Italian population.
Perturbation quasi différentielle d’un semi‐groupe régularisant dans une échelle d’espaces de Banach
Authors: Duchon Jean , Robert Raoul 
Published: March 2017

We give a global existence and uniqueness result for the evolution equation

u_t + A u = F(u)

,

u(0) = u_0

, where

−A

is the infinitesimal generator of a linear semigroup

S(t)

smoothing in a scale of Banach spaces

B_ρ

and

F

is a nonlinear quasi differential operator consistent with

S(t)

. We show that for

u_0

small enough in

B_0

there is a unique solution of the equation such that

u(t)

remains bounded in

B_{αt}

, for some

α > 0

. We apply this result to the motion of the interface of two liquids in a porous medium.

Résumé

Nous établissons un résultat d’existence global en temps pour l’équation d’évolution

u_t + A u = F(u)

,

u(0) = u_0

, où

−A

est le générateur infinitésimal d’un semi-groupe linéaire

S(t)

régularisant dans une échelle d’espaces de Banach

B_ρ

,

F

un opérateur non linéaire quasi différentiel « assez petit » compatible avec

S(t)

. Nous montrons que pour

u_0

assez petit dans

B_0

, il existe une solution unique de l’équation telle

u(t)

reste borné dans

B_{αt}

, pour un certain

α > 0

. Nous donnons une application au mouvement de l’interface de deux liquides en milieu poreux.
Linearization and normal form of the Navier-Stokes equations with potential forces
Authors: Foias C. , Saut J.C. 
Published: March 2017

We derive a normalization theory for the Navier–Stokes equations with potential (gradient) body forces by means of a global asymptotic expansion of a solution as time goes to infinity. The normal form is the linear Navier–Stokes system if the spectrum of the Stokes operator has no resonances. In the general case, the normal form is an equation in a suitable Fréchet space, whose nonlinear terms correspond to resonances. However, it can be solved by integrating successively an infinite sequence of linear nonhomogeneous differential equations. The normalization mapping is globally defined, analytic, one to one. We illustrate our theory by two simple examples. In particular we relate our normalization for the Burgers equation to the Hopf–Cole transform.

Résumé

On construit une forme normale pour les équations de Navier–Stokes soumises à des forces dérivant d’un potentiel, à l’aide d’un développement asymptotique global de la solution quand

t → ∞

. La forme normale correspond au système linéaire de Navier-Stokes si le spectre de l’opérateur de Stokes n’a pas de résonance. Dans le cas général la forme normale est une équation dans un espace de Fréchet convenable dont les termes non linéaires correspondent aux résonances. Cependant, on peut le résoudre en intégrant successivement une suite infinie d’équations différentielles linéaires non homogènes. L’opérateur de normalisation est défini globalement, de façon analytique et injective. Nous illustrons notre théorie par deux exemples, en particulier dans le cas de l’équation de Burgers, en reliant notre théorie à la transformée de Hopf–Cole.
MICHAEL FINNISSY AND WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART: THE COMPOSER AS ANTHROPOLOGIST
Authors: Goves Larry 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFeatures of Michael Finnissy's music are considered through some of the ideas and writings of anthropologist Tim Ingold. Finnissy and Ingold share a preoccupation with line and, more specifically, exploring Finnissy's compositional approach as applied anthropology provides productive insights into his music and performance practice. The starting point for this investigation is a consideration of three of Finnissy's pieces connected to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:Completion of the Requiem KV 626 by W.A. Mozart and F.X. Süssmayr(2011);Cibavit eos(1991); andWAM(1990–91). These pieces provide a convenient set of examples with relevant features: music that connects to the past; music with elaborate line(s); music written for amateur performers; transcription; and instrumentalists that move as part of the performance. These recurring features of Finnissy's composition could be considered indicative of this anthropological approach; they are informed by an investment in people that aspires to musical and personal transformation.
Pathways to grandparents’ provision of care in skipped-generation households in Thailand
Authors: INGERSOLL-DAYTON BERIT , PUNPUING SUREEPORN , TANGCHONLATIP KANCHANA , YAKAS LAURA 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn many parts of the world, grandparents live with their grandchildren in ‘skipped-generation households’ in which no parent resides. In Thailand, this living arrangement is more common in rural areas where parents often migrate to find employment. The focus of this article is on how grandparents make the decision to live in skipped-generation households. Our study is based upon open-ended interviews with 48 grandparents who lived in three rural areas of Thailand. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, the analysis uncovers several factors that contribute to grandparents’ decisions about their living arrangements. These factors include: norms about care-giving and family obligation, inadequate child-care options, the need for financial support, problematic relationships within the family and a desire for companionship. We also identify three different decision-making patterns: grandparents initiating the decision to provide grandchild care, adult children asking grandparents to assume this role and adult children abandoning grandchildren to the grandparents. Based upon these findings, we provide implications for practice that address the conditions of grandparents and their family members.
Tube Feeding in Stroke Patients: A Medical and Ethical Perspective
Authors: Blackmer Jeff 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a relatively common consequence following stroke, with most sources quoting rates of around 40%. The percentage of stroke patients who require tube feeding for nutritional support varies quite widely, with studies quoting rates in the acute phase from 8.5% to 29%. Since stroke patients are likely to constitute a high percentage of patients on a neurology or rehabilitation ward, neurologists and physiatrists are likely to be confronted with the sometimes challenging decision of whether and when to commence tube feeding and whether and when to discontinue it after it has begun. This decision-making process is likely to involve medical, ethical and legal considerations and the main purpose of this paper is to review these considerations and provide some practical recommendations.
Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: An Illustrative Case with Reversible Diencephalic Dysfunction
Authors: Gladstone David J. , Silver Frank L. , Willinsky Robert A. , Tyndel Felix J. , Wennberg Richard 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:Objectives:Meige syndrome is a movement disorder that includes blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonias. Its etiology may be idiopathic (primary) or it may arise secondary to focal brain injury. Acute respiratory distress as a feature of such dystonias occurs infrequently. A review of the literature on Meige syndrome and the relationship between dystonias and respiratory compromise is presented.Methods:A 60-year-old woman suffered a cerebral anoxic event secondary to manual strangulation. She developed progressive blepharospasm combined with oromandibular and cervical dystonias. Neuroimaging demonstrated bilateral damage localized to the globus pallidus. Years later, she presented to the emergency department in intermittent respiratory distress associated with facial and cervical muscle spasms.Results and conclusions:Increasing frequency and severity of the disorder was noted over years. The acute onset of respiratory involvement required intubation and eventual tracheotomy. A partial therapeutic benefit of tetrabenazine was demonstrated.
Absent p53 Immunohistochemical Staining in a Pituitary Carcinoma
Authors: Kumar Krishna , Macaulay Robert J.B. , Kelly Michael , Pirlot Tyler 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:Background:Carcinomatous transformation of pituitary adenomas is uncommon, and is generally accompanied by nuclear accumulation of p53 protein. Pituitary carcinoma lacking accumulation of p53 protein is very rare, only two such cases being previously reported.Methods:A patient presented with visual disturbance and cranial nerve palsies and was found to have a suprasellar mass. He underwent both transphenoidal and transfrontal excision of a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma which recurred several times. The third recurrence was accompanied by multiple dural-based metastases. Despite aggressive surgical management, he continued to develop additional intracranial lesions and died two years after the discovery of metastatic disease. Specimens from 1984, 1995, 1997 and 1998 were available for histological and immunocytochemical analysis. Antibodies recognizing the pituitary hormones (ACTH, PRL, GH, FSH, LH and TSH), as well as cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and chromogranin A were applied to investigate the lineage of the neoplasm. Antisera specific for Ki-67 (MIB-1) and p53 protein were also applied to further delineate the biology of the tumour.Results:Although cytokeratin and chromogranin A were detected in neoplastic cells, no expression of pituitary hormones was demonstrable, indicative of a nonfunctioning, null-cell pituitary adenoma. Nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity increased with subsequent resections. Abnormal accumulation of p53 protein was not observed, neither in early resections nor in the metastatic deposits.Conclusions:Failure to demonstrate p53 protein accumulation does not ensure a favourable outcome for pituitary adenoma. Accordingly, pituitary carcinoma may occur in the absence of p53 accumulation. The factors which underlie aggressive behaviour of pituitary neoplasms are uncertain but are under investigation.
Identifying, assessing and treating complicated post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescence: a single-case quasi-experimental design with clinical case report
Authors: Cowles Megan , Davis Jennifer 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe far-reaching impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on a person's life is well documented, yet PTSD often goes undetected and untreated. Previous literature suggests that there may be particular challenges in assessing PTSD in children and adolescents. There is evidence that once PTSD has been identified, a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) approach is effective at treating PTSD in young people. Where PTSD in adolescents presents in response to multiple traumas it may be necessary to make some modifications to treatment protocols. This might include offering more sessions, extending the stabilization period, addressing common trauma themes, and tackling additional issues that may arise beyond a simple PTSD presentation. This single-case quasi-experimental design (n = 1) details the assessment (phase A) and treatment with individualized TF-CBT (phase B) of previously undiagnosed PTSD in response to multiple events in an adolescent girl who had been seen by several mental health professionals previously. The paper is also a clinical case report, paying particular attention to how PTSD was assessed and what other factors, for example emotion regulation, self-esteem and relationships, were found to be important. Trauma, anxiety and depression were measured with the Child PTSD Symptom Scale and the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale. Scores reduced from clinically significant to non-clinical levels by the end of treatment, with these gains being maintained at 3-month follow-up. Suggestions are made around assessing and treating trauma responses in young people, especially where PTSD exists in response to multiple traumas.
A systems biology approach to studying the molecular mechanisms of osteoblastic differentiation under cytokine combination treatment
Authors: Tan Hua , Chen Ruoying , Li Wenyang , Zhao Weiling , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Yunzhi , Su Jing , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent studies revealed that sequential release of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 plays an important role in osteogenic process, suggesting that cytokines bone morphogenetic protein 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 function in a time-dependent manner. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these observations remained elusive, impeding the elaborate manipulation of cytokine sequential delivery in tissue repair. The aim of this study was to identify the key relevant pathways and processes regulating bone morphogenetic protein 2/insulin-like growth factor 1-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. Based on the microarray and proteomics data, and differentiation/growth status of mouse bone marrow stromal cells, we constructed a multiscale systems model to simulate the bone marrow stromal cells lineage commitment and bone morphogenetic protein 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1-regulated signaling dynamics. The accuracy of our model was validated using a set of independent experimental data. Our study reveals that, treatment of bone marrow stromal cells with bone morphogenetic protein 2 prior to insulin-like growth factor 1 led to the activation of transcription factor Runx2 through TAK1-p38 MAPK and SMAD1/5 signaling pathways and initiated the lineage commitment of bone marrow stromal cells. Delivery of insulin-like growth factor 1 four days after bone morphogenetic protein 2 treatment optimally activated transcription factors osterix and β-catenin through ERK and AKT pathways, which are critical to preosteoblast maturity. Our systems biology approach is expected to provide technical and scientific support in optimizing therapeutic scheme to improve osteogenesis/bone regeneration and other essential biological processes.