bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and implementation of just‐in‐time curricula for on‐shift teaching during times of boarding
Authors: Hill Jeffery , Nagle Jason , Stark Bailee , Broadstock Arthur , Lang Spenser 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOvercrowded emergency departments (EDs) due to boarding of inpatients can lead to fewer patients seen by residents and may negatively impact their education. The existing literature recommends providing educational resource banks to augment teaching during overcrowding. We aimed to develop and evaluate the use of an educational curriculum during times of boarding.MethodsUsing Kern's model of curriculum development, we conducted local and national needs assessments to identify existing curricula. The final curriculum consisted of electrocardiogram (ECG) cases, procedural resources, journal articles, and oral boards style cases. The derived curriculum was implemented at the study site, where content was released weekly via email or Slack and via our departmental educational blog. Residents were asked to fill out a survey assessing their satisfaction with the resource, their current patient load, and current National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study score (NEDOCS). We compared clinician educator satisfaction with teaching before implementation and at 3 months after implementation using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.ResultsThe national needs assessment was sent to the Council of Residency Directors (CORD) listserv. There were 36 unique program responses with only one program with resources for teaching during overcrowding. The derived curriculum was used seven times during the study period. The mean (±SD) NEDOCS at the time of resource use was 238.7 (±23.6). The median (range) number of active patients while using the resource was 4 (0–7). ECG cases were the most used resource. Mean (±SD) satisfaction with teaching before implementation was 2.8 (±0.9; Likert‐type item scale 1 to 6 from not at all to a great deal satisfied). Satisfaction with teaching improved after implementation of the curriculum, with the mean (±SD) increasing to 3.5 (±1.0; p = 0.01).ConclusionsWe report the development and implementation of a local educational curriculum for use during times of boarding. The curriculum was lightly used during the study period, but the availability of a curriculum may have increased satisfaction with teaching during boarding.
NIR‐II AIEgens nanosystem for fluorescence and chemiluminescence synergistic imaging‐guided precise resection in osteosarcoma surgery
Authors: Li Ruotong , Liu Kaiyuan , Hu Qian , Shen Jiakang , Zuo Dongqing , Wang Hongsheng , Zhu Xingjun , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and high mortality rates, with the local recurrence attributed to residual lesions post‐surgery being a major reason for treatment failure. Precise and tumor‐specific resection guidance to minimize recurrence remains a significant challenge. In the present study, a nanosystem based on aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules with emission in the second near‐infrared window is proposed for the synergistic fluorescence (FL) and chemiluminescence (CL) imaging‐guided surgical resection for the elimination of tumor foci. The designed AIE molecule, BBTD14, exhibits stable FL with a high quantum yield of up to 3.95%, which effectively matches the energy levels of CL high‐energy states, generating the longest emission wavelength of CL reported to date. Targeted tumor imaging‐guided surgery (IGS) is facilitated by FL and CL nanoprobes (FLNP and CLNP) constructed based on BBTD14. During OS surgery, the FLNP, with the stability of FL and a high targeting capability, was first intravenously used to guide the surgical removal of the main tumor. Subsequently, CLNP was locally incubated to facilitate rapid and accurate evaluation of residual tumors at the operative border. High signal‐to‐noise ratio CL imaging was achieved after spraying with hydrogen peroxide, thereby overcoming the limitations of intraoperative frozen sections. The proposed technique also significantly reduced the recurrence rates in OS mouse models and exhibited high marker specificity in ex vivo OS patient pathology samples, confirming its potential in clinical applications and providing a unique perspective for developing IGS.
Mentors and sponsors: Making a difference for racially and culturally minoritised academics in Australian universities
Authors: Gatwiri Kathomi , Krupka Zoë , James Samara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMentorship and sponsorships play a significant role in faculty experiences, career trajectories, well‐being and academic success in higher education. In this study, 23 racially and culturally minoritised (RACM) academics were interviewed about their experiences working in Australian universities, and all spoke about the key importance of their mentoring experiences. Mentorship was understood as both enabling and constricting, with unspoken rules of conduct and an embedded hierarchical relationship that could perpetuate the exclusion of both marginalised scholars and scholarship. In this paper, the theory of practice architectures, part of a wider ‘practice turn’ within education and the social sciences, was used to conceptualise the qualitative analysis of how mentoring arrangements are experienced by RACM academics in Australian universities. Here, we view academic mentoring as a social architectural practice whose power is articulated in discursive, material‐economic and social‐political arrangements and enacted through language (sayings), actions (doings) and relationships (relatings). This study offers insight not only into the structural and experiential landscape of mentoring for RACM academics but also provides an opportunity to envision pathways for its transformation.
An overview of different methods to establish a murine premature ovarian failure model
Authors: Pouladvand Negar , Azarnia Mahnaz , Zeinali Hadis , Fathi Rouhollah , Tavana Somayeh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPremature ovarian failure (POF)is defined as the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 and is characterized by increased gonadotropin levels and decreased estradiol levels and ovarian reserve, often leading to infertility. The incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of POF is a major impediment to the development of effective treatments for this disease, so the use of animal models is a promising option for investigating and identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in POF patients and developing therapeutic agents. As mice and rats are the most commonly used models in animal research, this review article considers studies that used murine POF models. In this review based on the most recent studies, first, we introduce 10 different methods for inducing murine POF models, then we demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each one, and finally, we suggest the most practical method for inducing a POF model in these animals. This may help researchers find the method of creating a POF model that is most appropriate for their type of study and suits the purpose of their research.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes with Imines: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes
Authors: Wu Feng , Wu Wen‐Biao , Xiao Yuanjiu , Li Zhenxing , Tang Lei , He Heng‐Xian , Yang Xue‐Chun , Wang Ji‐Jie , Cai Yuanlin , Xu Tong‐Tong , Tao Jia‐Hao , Wang Guoqiang , Feng Jian‐Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cycloaddition reaction involving bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) offers a versatile and efficient synthetic platform for producing C(sp3)‐rich rigid bridged ring scaffolds, which act as phenyl bioisosteres. However, there is a scarcity of catalytic asymmetric cycloadditions of BCBs to fulfill the need for enantioenriched saturated bicycles in drug design and development. In this study, an efficient synthesis of valuable azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (aza‐BCHs) by an enantioselective zinc‐catalyzed (3+2) cycloadditions of BCBs with imines is reported. The reaction proceeds effectively with a novel type of BCB that incorporates a 2‐acyl imidazole group and a diverse array of alkynyl‐ and aryl‐substituted imines. The target aza‐BCHs, which consist of α‐chiral amine fragments and two quaternary carbon centers, are efficiently synthesized with up to 94 % and 96.5:3.5 er under mild conditions. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the reaction follows a concerted nucleophilic ring‐opening mechanism of BCBs with imines. This mechanism is distinct from previous studies on Lewis acid‐catalyzed cycloadditions of BCBs.
Plasmon‐Promoted Interatomic Hot Carriers Regulation Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liang Wenkai , Xie Miao , Li Dong , Qin Wei , Dai Chang , Wang Yawen , Zhang Hao , Zhao Bo , Jin Guangyao , Sun Yinghui , Jiang Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUtilizing hot carriers for efficient plasmon‐mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs) to convert solar energy into secondary energy is one of the most feasible solutions to the global environmental and energy crisis. Finding a plasmonic heterogeneous nanostructure with a more efficient and reasonable hot carrier transport path without affecting the intrinsic plasmonic properties is still a major challenge that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Herein, the mechanism by which plasmon‐promoted interatomic hot electron redistribution on the surface of Au3Cu alloy nanoparticles promotes the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is successfully clarified. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect can boost the transfer of plasmon hot electrons from Au atoms to Cu atoms, trigger the interatomic electron regulation of Au3Cu alloy nanoparticles, enhance the desorption of ammonia molecules, and increase the ammonia yield by approximately 93.9 %. This work provides an important reference for rationally designing and utilizing the LSPR effect to efficiently regulate the distribution and mechanism of plasmon hot carriers on the surface of heterogeneous alloy nanostructures.
Mitigating the Kinetic Hysteresis of Co‐Free Ni‐Rich Cathodes via Gradient Penetration of Nonmagnetic Silicon
Authors: Song Yijun , Cui Yongpeng , Wang Bo , Ge Lina , Zhou Li , Qiu Zhijian , Xie Zhipeng , Kong Debin , Li Xiaofang , Zhang Jianqiang , Zhu Lei , Liu Pengyun , Li Xuejin , Yan Zifeng , Xue Qingzhong , Tang Yongfu , Xing Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCo‐free Ni‐rich layered oxides are considered a promising cathode material for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries due to their cost‐effectiveness and high capacity. However, they still suffer from the practical challenges of low discharge capacity and poor rate capability due to the hysteresis of Li‐ion diffusion kinetics. Herein, based on the regulation of the lattice magnetic frustration, the Li/Ni intermixing defects as the primary origin of kinetic hysteresis are radically addressed via the doping of the nonmagnetic Si element. Meanwhile, by adopting gradient penetration doping, a robust Si−O surface structure with reversible lattice oxygen evolution and low lattice strain is constructed on Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes to suppress the formation of surface dense barrier layer. With the remarkably enhanced Li‐ion diffusion kinetics in atomic and electrode particle scales, the as‐obtained cathodes (LiNixMn1−xSi0.01O2, 0.6≤x≤0.9) achieve superior performance in discharge capacity, rate capability, and durability. This work highlights the coupling effect of magnetic structure and interfacial chemicals on Li‐ion transport properties, and the concept will inspire more researchers to conduct an intensive study.
Mesostructure‐Specific Configuration of *CO Adsorption for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Li Zaiqi , Sun Bin , Xiao Difei , Liu Hongli , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Peng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Cheng Hefeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe multi‐carbon (C2+) alcohols produced by electrochemical CO2 reduction, such as ethanol and n‐propanol, are considered as indispensable liquid energy carriers. In most C−C coupling cases, however, the concomitant gaseous C2H4 product results in the low selectivity of C2+ alcohols. Here, we report rational construction of mesostructured CuO electrocatalysts, specifically mesoporous CuO (m‐CuO) and cylindrical CuO (c‐CuO), enables selective distribution of C2+ products. The m‐CuO and c‐CuO show similar selectivity towards total C2+ products (≥76 %), but the corresponding predominant products are C2+ alcohols (55 %) and C2H4 (52 %), respectively. The ordered mesostructure not only induces the surface hydrophobicity, but selectively tailors the adsorption configuration of *CO intermediate: m‐CuO prefers bridged adsorption, whereas c‐CuO favors top adsorption as revealed by in situ spectroscopies. Computational calculations unravel that bridged *CO adsorbate is prone to deep protonation into *OCH3 intermediate, thus accelerating the coupling of *CO and *OCH3 intermediates to generate C2+ alcohols; by contrast, top *CO adsorbate is apt to undergo conventional C−C coupling process to produce C2H4. This work illustrates selective C2+ products distribution via mesostructure manipulation, and paves a new path into the design of efficient electrocatalysts with tunable adsorption configuration of key intermediates for targeted products.
Interface‐Triggered Spin‐Magnetic Effect in Rare Earth Intraparticle Heterostructured Nanoalloys for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Hengjun , Jiang Yong , Li Qingqing , Hai Guangtong , Gu Chao , Du Yaping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRare earth (RE) elements are attractive for spin‐magnetic modulation due to their unique 4 f electron configuration and strong orbital couplings. Alloying RE with conventional 3d transition‐metal (TM) is promising for the fabrication of advanced spin catalysts yet remains much difficulties in preparation, which leads to the mysteries of spin‐magnetic effect between RE and 3d TM on catalysis. Here we define a solid‐phase synthetic protocol for creating RE‐3d TM‐noble metal integrated intraparticle heterostructured nanoalloys (IHAs) with distinct Gd and Co interface within the entire Rh framework, denoted as RhCo−RhGd IHAs. They exhibit interface‐triggered antiferromagnetic interaction, which can induce electron redistribution and regulate spin polarization. Theoretical calculations further reveal that active sites around the heterointerface with weakened spin polarization optimize the adsorption and dissociation of H2O, thus promoting alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysis. The RhCo−RhGd IHAs show a small overpotential of 11.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2, as well as remarkable long‐term stability, far superior to previously reported Rh‐based catalysts.
Polyelectrolyte Additive‐Modulated Interfacial Microenvironment Boosting CO2 Electrolysis in Acid
Authors: Wang Anqi , Ge Wangxin , Sun Wen , Sheng Xuedi , Dong Lei , Zhang Wenfei , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcidic CO2 electrolysis offers a promising strategy to achieve high carbon utilization and high energy efficiency. However, challenges still remain in suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and improving product selectivity. Although high concentrations of potassium ions (K+) can suppress HER and accelerate CO2 reduction, they still inevitably suffer from salt precipitation problems. In this study, we demonstrate that the sulfonate‐based polyelectrolyte, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), enables to reconstruct the electrode‐electrolyte interface to significantly enhance the acidic CO2 electrolysis. Mechanistic studies reveal that PSS induces high local K+ concentrations through the electrostatic interaction between PSS anions and K+. In situ spectroscopy reveals that PSS reshapes the interfacial hydrogen–bond (H‐bond) network, which is attributed to the H‐bonds between PSS anions and hydrated proton, as well as the steric hindrance of the additive molecules. This greatly weakens proton transfer kinetics and leads to the suppression of undesirable HER. As a result, a Faradaic efficiency of 93.9 % for CO can be achieved at 250 mA cm−2, simultaneous with a high single‐pass carbon efficiency of 72.2 % on commercial Ag catalysts in acid. This study highlights the important role of the electrode‐electrolyte interface induced by polyelectrolyte additives in promoting electrocatalytic reactions.
Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Screening of Nano‐Palladium (II) and Platinum (II)‐Based Compounds With DFT and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Hosny Wafaa M. , Aboutabl Mohamed A. , Fayed Dalia B. , Khalf‐Alla Perihan A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWithin the current challenges in medicinal chemistry, the creation of novel and improved therapeutic agents stands out. 2‐Cyano‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐enethioamide (CTPTA) ligand was complexed with palladium (II) and platinum (II) ions within the nanoscale with the molecular formula [M (CTPTA)Cl2]. H2O. The CTPTA ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis spectra, FTIR, mass spectra, TGA, magnetic measurement, and the molar conductance technique. Analysis with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the nanostructure dimension of both complexes is predominantly between 10 and 30 nm. The CTPTA ligand functions as a bidentate ligand, utilizing thione sulfur, and cyanide nitrogen atoms. Density functional theory was employed to analyze the geometric structure properties of the CTPTA ligand and its complexes. Natural population (NPA) and Mulliken population (MPA) methods were used to calculate the charge distribution. The cytotoxic impact results of all compounds on human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line were satisfactory. The ligand and its complexes were also tested against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria in vitro. The findings of the molecular docking study supported the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammation activities of synthesized palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes had a great spectrum of activity. The preclinical pharmacokinetic studies on albino rats revealed that the newly studied complexes achieved excellent antitumor results. This was clear in the investigated parameters, especially the amelioration of AFP levels, liver weight, oxidative stress, and lobular hepatic architecture injury.
Cooperative learning‐based practical formation‐containment control with prescribed performance for heterogeneous clusters of UAV/USV
Authors: Ghommam Jawhar , Iftekhar Lamia , Rahman Mohammad H. , Saad Maarouf 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a new approach for formation‐containment control with prescribed performances is introduced for heterogeneous autonomous vehicles involving a cluster of leader unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and follower unmanned surface vessels (USVs). We introduce a two‐layer distributed control system: The upper layer focuses on guiding the UAVs to form a scalable lattice while synchronizing their movement along a predefined path, and the second layer guides the USVs to enter the convex hull formed by the UAVs, ensuring collision‐free operation with static/dynamic objects. To prevent collisions and ensure lattice formation, a set of well‐defined bump functions are utilized in the design of the backstepping control algorithm. Managing virtual controls, we incorporate a nonlinear dynamic surface control (NDSC), while a universal barrier function enhances the convergence of formation tracking errors. Furthermore, each USV employs a cooperative adaptive learning neural network to handle uncertainties in heterogeneous vehicle models. Utilizing the Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the formation‐containment of UAV/USV is achieved, and all signals in the formation‐containment systems are semiglobal uniform ultimate bounded (SGUUB). A simulation example showcases the effectiveness of our proposed approach, highlighting contributions in collision avoidance, synchronization speed, and adaptive learning. Our work advances the heterogeneous formation‐containment literature towards more realistic scenarios with safety‐critical considerations amidst multiple layers of uncertainties and unknown parameters.
Activation of GPR55 alleviates neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation
Authors: Jiang Weiqun , Yu Wenbin , Tan Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NP) significantly impacts the quality of life due to its prolonged duration and lack of effective treatment. Recent findings suggest that targeting neuroinflammation is a promising approach for treating NP. G protein‐coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a member of the GPCR family, plays an important role in neuroinflammatory regulation. CID16020046, a GPR55 agonist, possesses promising anti‐neuroinflammatory effects. Herein, the therapeutic effect of CID16020046 on NP was investigated in an NP rat model. The NP model was established using the unilateral sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) assay. Both sham and CCI rats were intraperitoneally administered with 20 mg/kg CID16020046. NP was assessed using paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). First, we showed that GPR55 was downregulated in the spinal dorsal horn of CCI rats. After CCI rats were treated with CID16020046, the values of PWT and PWL were increased, indicating their effect on pain relief. The treated rats had attenuated release of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, decreased spinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased spinal glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity. Additionally, the increased levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 in CCI rats were significantly alleviated by CID16020046 treatment. Mechanistically, we showed that CID16020046 significantly suppressed the activation of the Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway in the spinal cord of CCI‐treated rats. However, Colivelin TFA (a STAT3 agonist) abolished the effect of CID16020046 on JAK2/STAT3 activation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the activation of GPR55 by CID16020046 alleviates NP and neuroinflammation in CCI rats by mediating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Relaxin‐2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation mediated by epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
Authors: Yi Lankai , Han Ning , Li Zhong , Jiang Housen , Cao Zhenhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLoss of osteogenic differentiation potential of osteoblasts has been associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Thus, stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation is a therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis. Relaxin‐2 is a peptide hormone with potent biological functions. However, the effects of Relaxin‐2 in osteoblastic differentiation and osteoporosis have not been reported before. Here, we report a novel physiological role of Relaxin‐2 in promoting osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Our results indicate that exposure to Relaxin‐2 upregulated the expression, and elevated the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (OM). Additionally, Relaxin‐2 upregulated the mRNA levels of osteocalcin (ocn), osteopontin (opn), and collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1a1). The alizarin red S staining assay revealed that Relaxin‐2 promoted the mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells. We also found that Relaxin‐2 increased the expression of Runx‐2 as well as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Importantly, silencing of EGF abolished the effects of Relaxin‐2 in osteoblastic differentiation and related gene expression. These findings suggest that Relaxin‐2 stimulates osteogenic differentiation through activating EGF/EGFR signaling.