bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoelectrical Evaluation of Contamination in and around Ori-Ile Battery Wastes Dumpsite in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi Ismaila Abiodun , Babajide Mary Oladepe 
Published: September 2024

Geoelectrical surveys involving vertical electrical sounding (VES) and 2D resistivity imaging were integrated to assess subsurface contamination by heavy metals in and around Orile Battery Waste Dumpsite, Kumapayi in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. The objectives are to determine the lateral and vertical variations of resistivity/conductivity in and around the dumpsite, determine the nature and thickness of the overburden, determine the depth to bedrock, and delineate subsurface zones of anomalously high conductivity/low resistivity which may have resulted from contamination by heavy metals.
Thirty-three VES stations were occupied using the Schlumberger electrode array with electrode spacing (AB/2) varied from 1 m to 100 m. The 2D resistivity survey was carried out along six East–West trending traverses established across and around the dumpsite using the Dipole-Dipole electrode array with station spacing of 10 m and expansion factor, n=1-5. The VES data were quantitatively interpreted using initial partial curve matching technique and 1D forward modelling while the dipole-dipole data were interpreted using 2D inversion procedures.
The geoelctric sections delineated three layers comprising topsoil with layer resistivity ranging from 18 Ωm to 264 Ωm and thickness varying from 0.4 m to 1.4 m, weathered layer with resistivity and thickness ranging from 1 Ωm to 219 Ωm and 0.6 m to 9.4 m respectively, and weathered/fractured/fresh bedrock with resistivity ranging from 132 Ωm and 6500 Ωm. The 2D inverted resistivity sections revealed anomalous resistivity lows suggesting contamination at depths ranging from 5 m to 10 m beneath the traverses. The contamination zones are characterized by resistivity values less than 10 Ωm.
The study revealed that the soil beneath the study area has been contaminated by the battery wastes. The suspected fractures and relatively shallow water table observed in the study area may have predisposed the groundwater to contamination which could constitute serious health risk to the inhabitants. It is recommended that geochemical analysis for heavy metals be conducted on the soil and groundwater from wells in the study area to assess the level of contamination.
Double Primary Cancer: Breast Cancer and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sarwwotatwadhiko Handito , Yarso Kristanto Yuli 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in women, while multiple primaries are conditions where there is more than one synchronous or metachronous cancer in one individual. Double primary between breast carcinoma and colon cancer is a primary tumor with a high incidence, while breast carcinoma metastasis to the colon is a rare entity except for lobular histotype breast carcinoma. In this case report, a woman with double primary breast cancer is reported.
Case Report: A 50-year-old woman came with complaints pain of the entire abdomen since 2 days before go to hospital, worsening when starting to eat, accompanied by nausea. The patient had a history of modified radical mastectomy (MRM) for indications of right breast carcinoma cT3N0M0. In addition, a history of ovarian carcinoma that had undergone chemotherapy was also found. On esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination, a gastric mass was found with ulceration and necrosis and a biopsy showed high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: Breast malignancy can be invasive or non-invasive and can undergo metastasis. In addition to metastasis, cancer can also appear in two different places but histologically or morphologically different. This condition is called multiple primaries due to host, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Global response of the upper thermospheric winds to large ion drifts in the Jovian ovals
Authors: Majeed T. , Bougher S. W. , Ridley A. J. , Waite J. H. , Gladstone G. R. , Bell J. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe use our fully coupled 3‐D Jupiter Thermosphere General Circulation Model (JTGCM) to quantify processes which are responsible for generating neutral winds in Jupiter's oval thermosphere from 20 µbar to 10−4 nbar self‐consistently with the thermal structure and composition. The heat sources in the JTGCM that drive the global circulation of neutral flow are substantial Joule heating produced in the Jovian ovals by imposing high‐speed anticorotational ion drifts (~3.5 km s−1) and charged particle heating from auroral processes responsible for bright oval emissions. We find that the zonal flow of neutral winds in the auroral ovals of both hemispheres is primarily driven by competition between accelerations resulting from Coriolis forcing and ion drag processes near the ionospheric peak. However, above the ionospheric peak (<0.01 µbar), the acceleration of neutral flow due to pressure gradients is found to be the most effective parameter impacting zonal winds, competing mainly with acceleration due to advection with minor contributions from curvature and Coriolis forces in the southern oval, while in the northern oval it competes alone with considerable Coriolis forcing. The meridional flow of neutral winds in both ovals in the JTGCM is determined by competition between meridional accelerations due to Coriolis forcing and pressure gradients. We find that meridional flow in the lower thermosphere, near the peak of the auroral ionosphere, is poleward, with peak wind speeds of ~0.6 km s−1 and ~0.1 km s−1 in the southern and northern oval, respectively. The corresponding subsiding flow of neutral motion is ~5 m s−1 in the southern oval, while this flow is rising in the northern oval with reduced speed of ~2 m s−1. We also find that the strength of meridional flow in both auroral ovals is gradually weakened and turned equatorward near 0.08 µbar with wind speeds up to ~250 m s−1 (southern oval) and ~75 m s−1 (northern oval). The corresponding neutral motion in this region is upward, with wind speeds up to 4 m s−1 in both ovals.
Turbulent boundary layers under irregular waves and currents: Experiments and the equivalent‐wave concept
Authors: Yuan Jing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA full‐scale experimental study of turbulent boundary layer flows under irregular waves and currents is conducted with the primary objective to investigate the equivalent‐wave concept by Madsen (1994). Irregular oscillatory flows following the bottom‐velocity spectrum under realistic surface irregular waves are produced over two fixed rough bottoms in an oscillatory water tunnel, and flow velocities are measured using a Particle Image Velocimetry. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) value and representative phase lead of wave velocities have vertical variations very similar to those of the first‐harmonic velocity of periodic wave boundary layers, e.g., the RMS wave velocity follows a logarithmic distribution controlled by the physical bottom roughness in the very near‐bottom region. The RMS wave bottom shear stress and the associated representative phase lead can be accurately predicted using the equivalent‐wave approach. The spectra of wave bottom shear stress and boundary layer velocity are found to be proportional to the spectrum of free‐stream velocity. Currents in the presence of irregular waves exhibit the classic two‐log‐profile structure with the lower log‐profile controlled by the physical bottom roughness and the upper log‐profile controlled by a much larger apparent roughness. Replacing the irregular waves by their equivalent sinusoidal waves virtually makes no difference for the coexisting currents. These observations, together with the excellent agreement between measurements and model predictions, suggest that the equivalent‐wave representation adequately characterizes the basic wave‐current interaction under irregular waves.
Wet meadow ecosystems contribute the majority of overwinter soil respiration from snow‐scoured alpine tundra
Authors: Knowles John F. , Blanken Peter D. , Williams Mark W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe measured soil respiration across a soil moisture gradient ranging from dry to wet snow‐scoured alpine tundra soils throughout three winters and two summers. In the absence of snow accumulation, soil moisture variability was principally determined by the combination of mesotopographical hydrological focusing and shallow subsurface permeability, which resulted in a patchwork of comingled ecosystem types along a single alpine ridge. To constrain the subsequent carbon cycling variability, we compared three measures of effective diffusivity and three methods to calculate gradient method soil respiration from four typical vegetation communities. Overwinter soil respiration was primarily restricted to wet meadow locations, and a conservative estimate of the rate of overwinter soil respiration from snow‐scoured wet meadow tundra was 69–90% of the maximum carbon dioxide (CO2) respired by seasonally snow‐covered soils within this same catchment. This was attributed to higher overwinter soil temperatures at wet meadow locations relative to fellfield, dry meadow, and moist meadow communities, which supported liquid water and heterotrophic respiration throughout the winter. These results were corroborated by eddy covariance‐based measurements that demonstrated an average of 272 g C m−2 overwinter carbon loss during the study period. As a result, we updated a conceptual model of soil respiration versus snow cover to express the potential for soil respiration variability from snow‐scoured alpine tundra.
Free phase gas processes in a northern peatland inferred from autonomous field‐scale resistivity imaging
Authors: Terry Neil , Slater Lee , Comas Xavier , Reeve Andrew S. , Schäfer Karina V. R. , Yu Zhongjie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms that control free phase gas (FPG) dynamics within peatlands, and therefore estimates of past, present, and future gas fluxes to the atmosphere remain unclear. Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is capable of autonomously collecting three‐dimensional data on the centimeter to tens of meter scale and thus provides a unique opportunity to observe FPG dynamics in situ. We collected 127 3‐D ERI data sets as well as water level, soil temperature, atmospheric pressure, and limited methane flux data at a site in a northern peatland over the period July–August 2013 to improve the understanding of mechanisms controlling gas releases at a hitherto uncaptured field scale. Our results show the ability of ERI to image the spatial distribution of gas accumulation and infer dynamics of gas migration through the peat column at high (i.e., hourly) temporal resolution. Furthermore, the method provides insights into the role of certain mechanisms previously associated with the triggering of FPG releases such as drops in atmospheric pressure. During these events, buoyancy‐driven gas release primarily occurs in shallow peat as proposed by the “shallow peat model.” Releases from the deeper peat are impeded by confining layers, and we observed a large loss of FPG in deep peat that may likely represent a rupture event, where accumulated FPG escaped the confining layer as suggested by the “deep peat model.” Negative linear correlations between water table elevation and resistivity result from hydrostatic pressure regulating bubble volume, although these variations did not appear to trigger FPG transfer or release.
Storm time dynamics of ring current protons: Implications for the long‐term energy budget in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Gkioulidou Matina , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Mitchell D. G. , Lanzerotti L. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOur investigation of the long‐term ring current proton pressure evolution in Earth's inner magnetosphere based on Van Allen Probes data shows drastically different behavior of the low‐ and high‐ energy components of the ring current proton population with respect to the SYM‐H index variation. We found that while the low‐energy component of the protons (<80 keV) is strongly governed by convective timescales and is very well correlated with the absolute value of SYM‐H index, the high‐energy component (>100 keV) varies on much longer timescales and shows either no correlation or anticorrelation with the absolute value of SYM‐H index. Our study also shows that the contributions of the low‐ and high‐ energy protons to the inner magnetosphere energy content are comparable. Thus, our results conclusively demonstrate that proton dynamics, and as a result the energy budget in the inner magnetosphere, do not vary strictly on storm time timescales as those are defined by the SYM‐H index.
Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands
Authors: Han Shin‐Chan , Sauber Jeanne , Pollitz Fred 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLarge earthquakes often trigger viscoelastic adjustment for years to decades depending on the rheological properties and the nature and spatial extent of coseismic stress. The 2006 Mw8.3 thrust and 2007 Mw8.1 normal fault earthquakes of the central Kuril Islands resulted in significant postseismic gravity change in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) but without a discernible coseismic gravity change. The gravity increase of ~4 μGal, observed consistently from various GRACE solutions around the epicentral area during 2007–2015, is interpreted as resulting from gradual seafloor uplift by ~6 cm produced by postseismic relaxation. The GRACE data are best fit with a model of 25–35 km for the elastic thickness and ~1018 Pa s for the Maxwell viscosity of the asthenosphere. The large measurable postseismic gravity change (greater than coseismic change) emphasizes the importance of viscoelastic relaxation in understanding tectonic deformation and fault‐locking scenarios in the Kuril subduction zone.
Highly Stable Double‐Stranded DNA Containing Sequential Silver(I)‐Mediated 7‐Deazaadenine/Thymine Watson–Crick Base Pairs
Authors: Santamaría‐Díaz Noelia , Méndez‐Arriaga José M. , Salas Juan M. , Galindo Miguel A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe oligonucleotide d(TX)9, which consists of an octadecamer sequence with alternating non‐canonical 7‐deazaadenine (X) and canonical thymine (T) as the nucleobases, was synthesized and shown to hybridize into double‐stranded DNA through the formation of hydrogen‐bonded Watson–Crick base pairs. dsDNA with metal‐mediated base pairs was then obtained by selectively replacing W‐C hydrogen bonds by coordination bonds to central silver(I) ions. The oligonucleotide I adopts a duplex structure in the absence of Ag+ ions, and its stability is significantly enhanced in the presence of Ag+ ions while its double‐helix structure is retained. Temperature‐dependent UV spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry were used to confirm the selective formation of the silver(I)‐mediated base pairs. This strategy could become useful for preparing stable metallo‐DNA‐based nanostructures.
Smart Electronic Textiles
Authors: Weng Wei , Chen Peining , He Sisi , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis Review describes the state‐of‐the‐art of wearable electronics (smart textiles). The unique and promising advantages of smart electronic textiles are highlighted by comparing them with the conventional planar counterparts. The main kinds of smart electronic textiles based on different functionalities, namely the generation, storage, and utilization of electricity, are then discussed with an emphasis on the use of functional materials. The remaining challenges are summarized together with important new directions to provide some useful clues for the future development of smart electronic textiles.
A Smart Photosensitizer–Manganese Dioxide Nanosystem for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy by Reducing Glutathione Levels in Cancer Cells
Authors: Fan Huanhuan , Yan Guobei , Zhao Zilong , Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Wenhan , Liu Hui , Fu Xiaoyi , Fu Ting , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Tan Weihong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied in cancer treatment by utilizing reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells. However, a high concentration of glutathione (GSH) is present in cancer cells and can consume reactive oxygen species. To address this problem, we report the development of a photosensitizer–MnO2 nanosystem for highly efficient PDT. In our design, MnO2 nanosheets adsorb photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), protect it from self‐destruction upon light irradiation, and efficiently deliver it into cells. The nanosystem also inhibits extracellular singlet oxygen generation by Ce6, leading to fewer side effects. Once endocytosed, the MnO2 nanosheets are reduced by intracellular GSH. As a result, the nanosystem is disintegrated, simultaneously releasing Ce6 and decreasing the level of GSH for highly efficient PDT. Moreover, fluorescence recovery, accompanied by the dissolution of MnO2 nanosheets, can provide a fluorescence signal for monitoring the efficacy of delivery.
Cooperative Lewis Acid/Cp*CoIII Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation for the Synthesis of Isoquinolin‐3‐ones
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Greßies Steffen , Glorius Frank 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA facile route toward the synthesis of isoquinolin‐3‐ones through a cooperative B(C6F5)3‐ and Cp*CoIII‐catalyzed C−H bond activation of imines with diazo compounds is presented. The inclusion of a catalytic amount of B(C6F5)3 results in a highly efficient reaction, thus enabling unstable NH imines to serve as substrates.
Intense Ground‐State Charge‐Transfer Interactions in Low‐Bandgap, Panchromatic Phthalocyanine–Tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene Conjugates
Authors: Sekita Michael , Ballesteros Beatriz , Diederich François , Guldi Dirk M. , Bottari Giovanni , Torres Tomás 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reaction between tetracyanoethylene and two zinc phthalocyanines (ZnIIPcs) bearing one or four anilino‐substituted alkynes has been used to install a strong, electron‐accepting tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD) between the electron‐rich ZnIIPc and aniline moieties. A combination of photophysical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical investigations with the ZnIIPc‐TCBD‐aniline conjugates, which present panchromatic absorptions in the visible region extending all the way to the near infrared, show that the formal replacement of the triple bond by TCBD has a dramatic effect on their ground‐ and excited‐state features. In particular, the formation of extremely intense, ground‐state charge‐transfer interactions between ZnIIPc and the electron‐accepting TCBD were observed, something unprecedented not only in Pc chemistry but also in TCBD‐based porphyrinoid systems.
On–off Bodipy chemosensor for recognition of iron(III) ion based on the inner filter effect and its applications in cellular and bacterial imaging
Authors: Kong Lingcan , Lu Keyu , Ma Guangyuan , Yao Yuyang , Ling Xia , Liu Wenwei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne strong fluorescent Bodipy‐containing derivative was synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Its electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated. In addition, the Bodipy derivative could be used as an on–off fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on the inner filter effect because the absorption band of the Fe3+ ion overlaps the excitation band of Bodipy very well upon irradiation with UV light. Furthermore, the Bodipy‐based sensor has obvious advantages including simplicity, rapid response, high selectivity, sensitivity and a detection limit of 1.2 μmol/L, and has been demonstrated in real water samples including tap water, mineral water and water from Lake Tai. Moreover, the fluorescent probe could also be used as a probe for the determination of Fe3+ in cellular and bacterial imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Albumin–bilirubin versus Child–Pugh score as a predictor of outcome after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Y-Y , Zhong J-H , Su Z-Y , Huang J-F , Lu S-D , Xiang B-D , Ma L , Qi L-N , Ou B-N , Li L-Q 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
The Child–Pugh (CP) score is used widely to assess liver function and predict postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score has been validated as a predictor of overall survival in these patients. This study aimed to compare the ability of the ALBI and CP scores to predict outcomes in patients with HCC after liver resection with curative intent.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent liver resection with curative intent for HCC between January 2007 and July 2013 were included in this retrospective study. The performance of the ALBI score in predicting postoperative liver failure (PHLF) and long-term survival was compared with that of the CP score.

Results
A total of 1242 patients were enrolled. Of these, 166 (13·4 per cent) experienced PHLF. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the ALBI score for predicting PHLF was greater than that of the CP score (0·723 versus 0·607; P &lt; 0·001). Similar to findings for CP grade, the incidence and severity of PHLF increased with increasing ALBI grade. The ALBI grade stratified patients into at least two distinct overall survival cohorts (P &lt; 0·001), whereas the CP grade did not. The ALBI grade also classified patients with CP grade A disease into two distinct overall survival cohorts (P &lt; 0·001), and overall survival rates in the group with poorer survival were similar to those in the majority of patients with CP grade B disease. Both CP and ALBI scores had low power in predicting disease-free survival.

Conclusion
The ALBI grade predicted PHLF and overall survival in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection with curative intent more accurately than the CP grade.
Learning‐oriented assessment increases performance and written skills in a second year metabolic biochemistry course
Authors: Vanderlelie Jessica J. , Alexander Heather. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAssessment plays a critical role in learning and teaching and its power to enhance engagement and student outcomes is still underestimated in tertiary education. The current project considers the impact of a staged redesign of an assessment strategy that emphasized relevance of learning, formative assessment, student engagement, and feedback on student performance, failure rates and overall engagement in the course. Significant improvements in final grades (p < 0.0001) and written performance (p < 0.0001) in the final examination were noted that coincided with increased lecture attendance and overall engagement in the course. This study reinforces the importance of an integrated approach to assessment that includes well developed formative tasks and a continuous summative assessment strategy. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):412–420, 2016.