bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Cenozoic Deformation Sequence of a Thrust System along the Eastern Margin of Pamir, Northwest China
Authors: WANG Zhe , WANG Xin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA thrust belt formed in the basin along the eastern margin of Pamir. The thrust belt is about 50 km wide, extends about 200 km, and includes three compressive structures from south to north: the blind Qipan structural wedge and Qimugen structural wedge, and the exposed Yengisar anticline. The thrust belt displays a right‐stepping en echelon pattern. The Qipan structural wedge dies out northward to the west of the Qimugen structural wedge, and the Qimugen structural wedge dies out northward to the west of the Yengisar anticline. Detailed analysis of seismic reflection profiles of the western Tarim Basin reveal that fan‐shaped growth strata were deposited in the shallow part of the thrust belt, recording the deformation sequence of the thrust belt. The depth of the Cenozoic growth strata decreases from south to north. The growth strata of the Qipan structural wedge is located in the middle‐lower section of the Pliocene Artux Formation (N2a), the growth strata of the Qimugen structural wedge is close to the bottom of the Pleistocene Xiyu Formation (Q1x), and the growth strata of the Yengisar anticline is located in the middle section of the Xiyu Formation (Q1x). Combined with magnetostratigraphic studies in the western Tarim basin, it can be preliminarily inferred that the deformation sequence of the thrust belt along the eastern margin of Pamir is progressively younger northward. The geometry and kinematic evolution of the thrust belt in the eastern margin of Pamir can be compared with previous analogue modeling experiments of transpressional deformation, suggesting that the thrust belt was formed in a transpressional tectonic setting.
Robust, universal biomarker assay to detect senescent cells in biological specimens
Authors: Evangelou Konstantinos , Lougiakis Nikolaos , Rizou Sophia V. , Kotsinas Athanassios , Kletsas Dimitris , Muñoz‐Espín Daniel , Kastrinakis Nikolaos G , Pouli Nicole , Marakos Panagiotis , Townsend Paul , Serrano Manuel , Bartek Jiri , Gorgoulis Vassilis G. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCellular senescence contributes to organismal development, aging, and diverse pathologies, yet available assays to detect senescent cells remain unsatisfactory. Here, we designed and synthesized a lipophilic, biotin‐linked Sudan Black B (SBB) analogue suitable for sensitive and specific, antibody‐enhanced detection of lipofuscin‐containing senescent cells in any biological material. This new hybrid histo‐/immunochemical method is easy to perform, reliable, and universally applicable to assess senescence in biomedicine, from cancer research to gerontology.
Low‐level alcohol consumption during adolescence and its impact on cognitive control development
Authors: Jurk Sarah , Mennigen Eva , Goschke Thomas , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdolescence is a critical period for maturation of cognitive control and most adolescents start experimenting with alcohol around that time. On the one hand, recent studies indicate that low control abilities predict future problematic alcohol use. On the other hand, binge drinking during young adulthood can (further) impair cognitive control. However, so far no study examined the effects of low‐level alcohol use during adolescence. In the present longitudinal fMRI study, we therefore investigated the development of cognitive control in a community‐based sample of 92 adolescents at ages 14, 16 and 18. Two different cognitive control functions, i.e. inhibition of pre‐potent responses (operationalized by incongruence effects) and switching between different task sets, were measured within one task. Alcohol use in our sample was low (mean: 54 g/week at age 18). The study revealed that neither behavioural nor neural measures of cognitive control function at age 14 predicted alcohol use at age 18 but confirmed established predictors such as gender and personality. As expected, from age 14 to 18, cognitive control abilities were improving (decreased reaction times and/or errors), and activation of cognitive control networks (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and pre‐supplementary motor area) during incongruent trials increased. Unexpectedly, higher alcohol consumption during adolescence was associated with a more pronounced increase in cognitive performance and a smaller increase of neural activation when incongruent trials afforded inhibitory control. We conclude that low‐level alcohol use during adolescence does not severely impair ongoing maturation of cognitive control abilities and networks.
Diurnal activity budget of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779) in Chebera Churchura National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Megaze Aberham , Balakrishnan Mundanthra , Belay Gurja 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOne of the fundamental questions in animal ecology concerns the activity pattern of animals and the environmental and intrinsic factors that influence such dynamics. This study tested the hypotheses that activity time budgets of the African buffalo appeared to vary by season and times of day and predicted that buffalo would express unequal proportion of time for different activity patterns during the wet and dry seasons in Chebera Churchura National Park (CCNP). An investigation on the diurnal activity budget of the African buffalo was carried out during the wet and dry seasons of 2012–2014 in the Chebera Churchura National Park, Ethiopia, using focal‐animal sampling method. Buffalo spent a greater proportion of the time in feeding and resting/ruminating activities in both the wet and dry seasons. Feeding and resting (lying down and standing) were the predominant activities (87.14% of the diurnal active period), 48.95% time spent feeding during the dry season and 44.91% during the wet season. There was a significant decrease in feeding and an increase in resting from dry seasons to wet seasons. Daytime grazing and resting periods during the wet season were estimated to be 5.39 h and 4.98 h, respectively. Morning and the late afternoon activity peaks were more pronounced during the dry season than the wet season. Therefore, feeding and resting time was influenced by the time of day and the seasons. But there were no significant difference in time allocation for other activities in both the wet and dry seasons. The study has implications for understanding animal activity budget across species, particularly relationships between temperature and season.
Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular interstitial tissues in men with non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Oka S. , Shiraishi K. , Matsuyama H. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryNon‐obstructive azoospermia is a severe condition because spermatogenesis per se is disrupted. Although microdissection testicular sperm extraction is the standard therapy for non‐obstructive azoospermia, sperm retrieval is unsuccessful in approximately 50% of patients. For these patients, we conducted human chorionic gonadotropin‐based salvage hormonal therapy, and sperm retrieval was possible in 10–20% of patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the changes in interstitial lesions in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia and to evaluate the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on these tissues. Testicular biopsy specimens were obtained from 10 non‐obstructive azoospermia patients who failed to obtain spermatozoa and from 10 obstructive azoospermia patients. All non‐obstructive azoospermia patients received salvage hormonal therapy after microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H.E.) staining and immunohistochemical staining for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein antibody, the Leydig cell marker, and TE‐7 antibody, the fibroblast marker, as well as picrosirius red staining to detect collagen fibers, were performed. We measured interstitial lesions, as Leydig cell area and the other area, with ImageJ software. Interstitial area, excluding Leydig cells, increased up to 12.5% in non‐obstructive azoospermia compared with 1.2% in obstructive azoospermia (p < 0.01), which was mainly because of fibrosis with TE‐7‐positive fibroblasts. The increase in interstitial lesions was correlated with Johnsen scores. Interstitial area, excluding the Leydig cells, decreased by 29% after salvage hormonal therapy (p < 0.05), indicating improvement of interstitial fibrosis in non‐obstructive azoospermia. There were no significant difference in total Leydig cell area and size of each Leydig cells between obstructive azoospermia and non‐obstructive azoospermia. After the salvage hormonal therapy, a portion of the Leydig cells became hypertrophied and mean diameter of Leydig cell significantly increased (p < 0.01). This study showed anti‐fibrotic effects of human chorionic gonadotropin and hypertrophic change of Leydig cells after human chorionic gonadotropin administration.
Transoral robotic surgery base of tongue mucosectomy for head and neck cancer of unknown primary
Authors: Krishnan Suren , Connell James , Ofo Enyinnaya 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHead and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is a source of diagnostic uncertainty. Patients presenting with cytologically positive neck lumps without a clinically identifiable primary, require extensive investigation including imaging, tonsillectomy, panendoscopy and tissue biopsy. Treatment typically involves neck dissection, wide field radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has emerged as an expanding surgical technique for resecting tumours of the oropharynx. Its role in base of tongue (BOT) mucosectomy for HNCUP can alleviate diagnostic uncertainty and provide an adjunct treatment modality with few complications.MethodsWe conducted a 7‐year chart review of consecutive patients presenting with HNCUP that were treated with TORS BOT mucosectomy. We examined the efficacy, diagnostic rates and complications associated with TORS BOT mucosectomy when used for treating HNCUP.Results
TORS BOT mucosectomy was performed in seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary. Robotic mucosectomy diagnosed BOT as the primary tumour site in five cases (71.4%). All five cases were p16 positive. Average time before return to normal swallowing function was 2.7 days. There were no major surgical complications.Conclusion
TORS BOT mucosectomy is an expanding surgical technique with a key role in head and neck surgery. It can be utilized to good effect where head and neck cancer is diagnosed without an identifiable primary. Incorporating robotic surgery in the diagnostic and treatment pathway offers low complication rates, reduced morbidity and improved tumour identification.
Placental pulsatility index: a new, more sensitive parameter for predicting adverse outcome in pregnancies suspected of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Gudmundsson Saemundur , Flo Kari , Ghosh Gisela , Wilsgaard Tom , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe pulsatility indices of the umbilical and uterine arteries are used as the surrogate measures of utero‐placental perfusion. Combining the two might simplify the evaluation of total placental vascular impedance, possibly improve prediction of adverse outcomes, and help identify pregnancies with suspected fetal growth restriction that need more intense surveillance.Material and methodsUmbilical and uterine blood flow velocities were recorded using pulsed‐wave Doppler in a longitudinal study of 53 low‐risk pregnancies (248 observations) during 20–40 weeks of gestation. Pulsatility indices was calculated for each of these vessels. A new placental pulsatility index was constructed as: (umbilical artery pulsatility index + mean of the left and right uterine artery pulsatility indices)/2, and mean +2 SD defined as abnormal. Gestational age‐specific reference percentiles were calculated for the second half of pregnancy and related to values obtained from 340 pregnancies with suspected intra‐uterine growth restriction to test its ability to predict adverse pregnancy outcome.ResultsThe placental pulsatility index was closely associated with gestational age and decreased with advancing gestation in normal pregnancy. The placental pulsatility index had a higher sensitivity and comparable specificity in predicting adverse outcome in pregnancies suspected of intra‐uterine fetal growth restriction when compared with conventional umbilical and uterine artery pulsatility indices.ConclusionsThe new placental pulsatility index, reflecting placental vascular impedance on both the fetal and maternal side of placenta, improves prediction of adverse outcome in pregnancies suspected of intra‐uterine fetal growth restriction.
Lower accuracy in prediction of delivery date in Stockholm County following introduction of new guidelines
Authors: Wessel Hans , Nyberg Tommy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionIn Stockholm County, new guidelines for predicting the day of delivery were introduced in 2010. Recent clinical use has indicated that the predictive quality might be suboptimal. This study compares the accuracy of three equations applied during the first (crown–rump length or bi‐parietal diameter) and second trimesters (bi‐parietal diameter or bi‐parietal diameter combined with femur length).Material and methodsThe accuracy of estimated delivery date was compared in 14 239 ultrasound exams using median deviations from actual birth date, proportion of postterms, births within ±seven days of estimated delivery date, accuracy variations depending on fetal size, alternative fetal measurements obtained on the same occasion, and menstrual age.ResultsThe bi‐parietal diameter and crown–rump length formulae overestimated pregnancy length by two and three days respectively, causing 7–8% of pregnancies to be labelled postterm. A combined bi‐parietal diameter+femur length formula overestimated by one day, with 5.1% postterms. No significant difference was found in the proportion of births within ±seven days. Second trimester estimated delivery date assessment had larger median variations than did first trimester assessment and suffered from shifting deviations across fetal size. The comparison of different biometry formulae in the same individual demonstrated one day extra deviation for bi‐parietal diameter and three days extra deviation for crown–rump length compared with the combined bi‐parietal diameter+femur length formula.ConclusionsThe algorithms and dating occasions tested seem inappropriate for the present 280‐day term definition. Alternative formulae ought to be sought, and the assumed duration of pregnancy reconsidered; 283 days corresponds to the observed pregnancy length calculated from last menstrual period, and would better fit the observed results for first trimester ultrasound scans.
Prevalence of myopic retinopathy in rural Central India
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Nangia Vinay , Gupta Rajesh , Bhojwani Krishna , Nangia Prabhat , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopic retinopathy (MR) in rural Central India.MethodsThe population‐based Central India Eye and Medical Study included 4711 subjects (aged 30+ years). The participants underwent a detailed eye examination, including fundus photography. Myopic retinopathy was defined according to the Pathologic Myopia Study Group.ResultsReadable fundus photographs were available on 4561 (96.8%) subjects (8846 eyes). Myopic retinopathy was present in 15 (0.17 ± 0.04%; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.08%, 0.26%) eyes of 11 (0.24 ± 0.07%; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.04) individuals. Myopic retinopathy occurred only in eyes with an axial length of >26 mm. Eyes with MR had significantly larger optic discs than eyes without MR (3.69 ± 1.22 mm2 versus 2.52 ± 0.77 mm2; p < 0.001). In binary regression analysis, higher prevalence of MR was associated with longer axial length (p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 19.6; 95%CI: 4.6, 82.9), higher prevalence of open‐angle glaucoma (p = 0.02; OR: 16.1; 95%CI: 1.51, 170), lower best‐corrected visual acuity (expressed in logMAR) (=0.03; OR: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.004, 0.75) and female gender (p = 0.002). If level of education was added to the model, educational level was not significantly associated with MR (p = 0.17; OR: 0.53; 95%CI: 0.22, 1.31). If gender was dropped from the model, higher prevalence of MR was associated with lower educational level (p = 0.04; OR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.97).ConclusionsPrevalence of MR in rural Central India was low (11/4561 or 0.2%), and correlated with a 16 times higher risk of open‐angle glaucoma, after adjusting for axial length and gender. If gender was excluded from the analysis, higher prevalence of MR was associated with lower educational level. This latter finding distinguishes adult MR from today′s school children myopia which is strongly associated with higher educational level.
The learning curve for interpretation of oesophageal high‐resolution manometry: a prospective interventional cohort study
Authors: Gaddam S. , Reddy C. A. , Munigala S. , Patel A. , Kanuri N. , Almaskeen S. , Rude M. K. , Abdalla A. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundHigh‐resolution manometry has become the preferred choice of oesophagologists for oesophageal motor assessment, but the learning curve among trainees remains unclear.AimTo determine the learning curve of high‐resolution manometry interpretation.MethodsA prospective interventional cohort study was performed on 18 gastroenterology trainees, naïve to high‐resolution manometry (median age 32 ± 4.0 years, 44.4% female). An intake questionnaire and a 1‐h standardised didactic session were performed at baseline. Multiple 1‐h interpretation sessions were then conducted periodically over 15 months where 10 studies were discussed; 5 additional test studies were provided for interpretation, and results were compared to gold standard interpretation by the senior author. Hypothetical management decisions based on trainee interpretation were separately queried. Accuracy was compared across test interpretations and sessions to determine the learning curve, with a goal of 90% accuracy.ResultsBaseline accuracy was low for abnormal body motor patterns (53.3%), but higher for achalasia/outflow obstruction (65.9%). Recognition of achalasia reached 90% accuracy after six sessions (P = 0.01), while overall accurate management decisions reached this threshold by the 4th session (P < 0.001). Based on our data, the threshold of 90% accuracy for recognition of any abnormal from normal pattern was reached after 30 studies (3rd session) but fluctuated. Diagnosis of oesophageal body motor patterns remained suboptimal; accuracy of advisability of fundoplication improved, but did not reach 90%.ConclusionsHigh‐resolution manometry has a steep learning curve among trainees. Achalasia recognition is achieved early, but diagnosis of other abnormal motor patterns and management decisions require further supervised training.
Drug‐specific hypophosphatemia and hypersensitivity reactions following different intravenous iron infusions
Authors: Bager Palle , Hvas Christian L. , Dahlerup Jens F. 
Published: November 2016

AimsIntravenous (IV) iron infusions have been associated with hypophosphataemia (HP) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). No studies have compared the side effects of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) with those of isomaltoside 1000 (ISM). This study aimed to describe the occurrence of HP and HSRs following the administration of either FCM or ISM.MethodsData on 231 outpatients treated with IV iron infusions, between November 2011 and April 2014, were collected. During that period, the department made a switch from FCM to ISM and then back to FCM. Of the 231 patients, 39 received both FCM and ISM during the period. The prevalences of HP and HSRs were compared between the two drugs.ResultsWe found more HP events when FCM was given (64 vs. 9; P < 0.01). In contrast, more patients had mild HSRs when ISM was given (2.5% vs. 10.7%; P < 0.01). A comparison of the two drugs in the subpopulation who received both drug types (n = 39) revealed a difference in phosphate decrease (P < 0.01), with the most marked decrease occurring with FCM. Nine patients who had HSRs were exposed to both drugs. No potential HSR crossover between the two drugs was found.ConclusionWe found a higher risk of HP with FCM administration when compared to ISM administration. Conversely, we found a higher risk of mild HSRs with ISM administration when compared to FCM administration. The impacts of the two types of side effects should be considered when choosing an IV iron drug.
Trends in Off‐Label Prescribing of Sedatives, Hypnotics and Antidepressants among Children and Adolescents – A Danish, Nationwide Register‐Based Study
Authors: Nielsen Eva Skovslund , Rasmussen Lotte , Hellfritzsch Maja , Thomsen Per Hove , Nørgaard Mette , Laursen Torben 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn recent years, psychotropic drug use among children and adolescents in Europe and USA has increased. However, the majority of psychotropic drugs are not formally approved for use in children and adolescents, and consequently, use is often off‐label. The objectives were to describe time trends in off‐label prescribing rates and the most commonly used types of psychotropic drugs by age and gender in Danish children and adolescents. Using the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics, we identified all prescriptions for sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants filled for children and adolescents in 2006–2012. Information on diagnoses was obtained from the Danish National Registry of Patients and allowed classification of prescriptions as either on‐ or off‐label. We identified 186,831 prescriptions filled for 29,851 children and adolescents: 88.0% of these were classified as off‐label. During 2006–2012, off‐label rates for sedatives and hypnotics increased significantly, except for prescriptions for girls aged 15–17 years [range 24.1–98.2% (girls), 31.9% to 99.0% (boys)]. In the same period, the number of registered melatonin prescriptions (all off‐label) increased expansively. For antidepressants, we found decreasing trends in off‐label rates over time [range 94.5–65.6% (girls), 93.8–71.2% (boys)]. Off‐label prescribing of psychotropic drugs to Danish children and adolescents is common. Off‐label rates for sedatives and hypnotics increased in the period of 2006–2012, whereas off‐label rates for antidepressants declined. Off‐label rates might be underestimated and should be considered a conservative estimate.