bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Sensitivity and Fast‐Response Photomultiplication Type Photodetectors Based on Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films for Weak‐Light Detection
Authors: Ma Guohua , Hou Yanna , Luo Zhenwang , Wu Junhui , Miao Yuchen , Yang Cheng , Wang Xu , Zheng Fei , Shafique Shareen , Zhao Feiyu , Hu Ziyang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic photodiodes often face challenges in effectively harvesting electrical signals, especially when detecting faint light. In contrast, photomultiplication type photodetectors (PM‐PDs) are renowned for their exceptional sensitivity to weak signals. Here, an advanced PM‐PD is introduced based on quasi 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (Q‐2D RP) perovskites, optimized for weak light detection at minimal operating voltages. The abundant traps at the Q‐2D RP surface capture charge carriers, inducing a trap‐assisted tunneling mechanism that leads to the photomultiplication (PM) effect. Deep‐lying trap states within the Q‐2D RP bulk accelerate charge carrier recombination, resulting in an outstanding rise/fall time of 1.14/1.72 µs for the PM‐PDs. The PM‐PD achieves a remarkable response level of up to 45.89 A W−1 and an extraordinary external quantum efficiency of 14400% at −1 V under an illumination of 1 µW cm−2. The intrinsic high resistance of the Q‐2D perovskite results in a low dark current, enabling an impressive detectivity of 4.23 × 1012 Jones based on noise current at −1 V. Furthermore, the practical application of PM‐PDs has been demonstrated in weak‐light, high‐rate communication systems. These findings confirm the significant potential of PM‐PDs based on Q‐2D perovskites for weak light detection and suggest new directions for developing low‐power, high‐performance PM‐PDs for future applications.
Phosphorization of α‐Fe2O3 Boosts Active Hydrogen Mediated Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Hou Zhiang , Zhang Yixuan , Chen Hao , Wang Jinnan , Li Aimin , François‐Xavier Corvini Philippe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInexpensive iron‐based materials are considered promising electrocatalysts for nitrate (NO3−) reduction, but their catalytic activity and spontaneous corrosion remain challenges. Here, the α‐Fe2O3 active surface is reconstructed by gradient phosphorization to obtain FePx with higher electrochemical activity. FeP2.0 optimizes the adsorption energy of NO3− and its reduction intermediates, meanwhile promote the generation of active hydrogen (*H) but inhibit its generation of H2. More importantly, Fe and P can serve as binding sites for NO3− and *H, respectively, which improves the electron utilization of NO3− deoxygenation and the efficiency of the subsequent hydrogenation for the selective synthesis of NH3. 91.7% NO3− conversion rate is achieved for the reduction of 100 mL 200 mg L−1 NO3−−N, 99.3% ammonia (NH3 selectivity (yield of 1.79 mg h−1 cm−2), and 91.4% Faraday efficiency in 3 h. The high‐purity solid NH4Cl is finally extracted by gas extraction and vacuum distillation (81.4% recovery). This study provides new insights and strategies for the conversion of NO3− to NH3 products over iron‐based electrocatalysts.
A new caenogastropod assemblage from the early Eocene of the Cambay Basin, western India, and its palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Banerjee Sayoni , Halder Kalyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this report we describe 32 species belonging to 26 genera of Caenogastropoda from the early Eocene Cambay Shale of the Cambay Basin, western India. This is the first report of gastropod fossils from this basin, and introduces 24 new species, 2 new subgenera and 3 new genera. The new genera, Eopreangeria, Indobatillaria and Pachycerithium, include new species Eopreangeria mangrolensis, Indobatillaria ismatae and Pachycerithium richardi. The new subgenera are Lyrispina in the genus Lyria and Carinotoma in the genus Apiotoma, including new species Apiotoma (Carinotoma) rammohani. The remaining new species are: Amaurellina cambayensis, Ampullina vastanensis, Amp.? eocenica, Ptychocerithium shamukum, Bittium purnimae, Bi. kamalae, Pseudobellardia sitae, Serratocerithium indicum, Potamides mosaliensis, Pot. shahensis, Sandbergeria khanae, Benthonella prosoclinata, Teinostoma maryae, Natica naroliensis, Involuta? ishwari, Rimella rokeyae, Siphonalia kalpanae, Si. pritilatae, Strepsidura reticulata and Amalda bibhae. A palaeoenvironmental analysis and the diversity–abundance pattern of this fossil fauna provide evidence of an overall marginal marine environment that experienced the Ypresian marine transgression and a gradual increase in marine influence.
Endemic evolution of Tethyan‐derived belemnites in North‐East Greenland: the middle Barremian Duvalia Event
Authors: Mutterlose Jörg , Alsen Peter , Picollier Marie‐Claire 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMarine sequences on Wollaston Forland, North‐East Greenland have provided rich belemnite assemblages of Barremian (Early Cretaceous) age. Most common are belemnites of Boreal affinities, closely related to northwest European faunas. Remarkable are the findings of 47 rostra of Duvalia, a genus of Tethyan origin. In addition to Duvalia grasiana, Duvalia arctica sp. nov., Duvalia aff. silesiaca and Duvalia sp. have been recognized. Duvalia grasiana is well known from the Barremian–Aptian of the western Tethys. The other three taxa differ, however, morphologically from contemporaneous Duvalia species common in the Barremian of the Tethys. Our findings suggest a migration of D. grasiana to North‐East Greenland in the early Barremian and a subsequent in situ evolution of D. arctica in the Greenland Norwegian Seaway. Duvalia aff. silesiaca, second in abundance, most probably also evolved from a Tethyan precursor species (Duvalia silesiaca). The taxonomic affinities of Duvalia sp. remain unclear. Duvalia arctica, D. aff. silesiaca and Duvalia sp. are all characterized by small size, indicating an endemic evolution and adaptation to a well‐confined position in the food chain. The niche occupied by these small‐sized Duvalia species must have differed substantially to that occupied by co‐occurring Boreal belemnites, which have robust, stout rostra. The findings make North‐East Greenland part of a migration route from the Tethys via the north Atlantic to the high Boreal. The Duvalia Event corresponds stratigraphically to the middle Barremian warming.
An improved flexural design procedure of steel plate I‐girders considering elastic lateral torsional buckling at elevated temperatures
Authors: Rasoulnia Akbar , Broujerdian Vahid , Ghamari Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present study, an improved design method is proposed for the flexural design of steel plate I‐girders at elevated temperatures. The proposed method accounts for two important phenomena accompanying the temperature increase in steel I‐girders: (1) alteration of the failure mode and (2) degradation of the material properties. The main strategy of the proposed procedure is to find the ambient‐temperature‐equivalent design parameters of steel I‐girders at elevated temperatures. The basic design relationships are adopted from the flexural design provisions of AISC 360‐16 and then modified to accommodate the elevated temperatures and instability conditions of I‐girders. To evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method, a comprehensive finite element study is conducted using ABAQUS. To this aim, 54 numerical models of steel plate I‐girders with different cross‐section slenderness parameters were investigated. All the simulated I‐girders were prone to fail in elastic lateral‐torsional buckling mode at both ambient temperature and elevated temperatures. To corroborate the numerical modeling and analysis process at ambient and elevated temperatures, the results were verified against the available experimental data. Based on the results, the maximum absolute deviation of the ultimate flexural strength obtained from the proposed method from the finite element predictions was 9%.
Novel outrigger element utilizing thin steel plates as infill to concrete frames in concrete high‐rise buildings
Authors: Habrah Alaa , Batikha Mustafa , Vasdravellis George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRapid population growth and the need for sustainable land use have led to a remarkable increase in the construction of tall buildings. To accommodate the increasing need for floor space, high‐rise structural systems are being developed aiming to improve building performance against lateral loads. This paper introduces a novel steel‐infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame (SP‐RCF) outrigger and compares its structural performance against other systems, such as the Concrete Wall‐infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame and the Steel Truss‐infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame. A geometrically and materially non‐linear analysis was applied to these systems and validated through existing experimental and analytical data. Subsequently, a case study on a prototype tall building was conducted. The results indicate that the SP‐RCF outrigger shows superior performance compared to the other systems in terms of ultimate strength, stiffness, and ductility; demonstrating its potential to enhance the structural integrity of high‐rise buildings.
Built‐In Electric Field Boost Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants in Wastewater
Authors: Yu Yang , Qiao Zhiyong , Ding Changming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe photocatalysis technique shows significant potential for wastewater degradation; however, the rapid recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons severely limits its photocatalytic efficiency. This situation necessitates the development of effective strategies to tackle these challenges. One well‐documented approach is built‐in electric field engineering in heterojunctions or composites, which has been shown to enhance electron transfer and thereby reduce the recombination of electrons and holes. This strategy has proven highly effective in significantly improving photocatalytic activity for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater. In this context, we summarize recent advancements in built‐in electric field engineering in photocatalysts, highlighting the fundamentals and modifications of this approach, as well as its positive impact on photocatalytic performance in the degradation of wastewater pollutants.
Alkali surface modification of titanium for biomedical implants
Authors: Le Thi Tam , Nguyen Tung Viet , Nguyen Tuyen Thi Thanh , Vu Kien Dao , Le Toan Van , Nguyen Viet Xuan , Cao Xuan Thang , Vu Thuy Thi Phuong , Pham Vuong‐Hung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNanostructures were successfully created on titanium (Ti) substrates through alkali treatment. By varying the concentration, temperature, and duration of the alkali treatment, different nanostructure surfaces were achieved on Ti. FE‐SEM analysis revealed a transition from a smooth to a nanoporous surface structure. The alkali treatment notably decreased the contact angle of Ti from 64° to 48°. Raman spectroscopy of Ti treated with 5 M NaOH at 80 °C for 24 h showed distinct titanate peaks at 188, 190, and 270 cm−1, confirming the formation of titanate compounds on the Ti surface. EIS measurements further demonstrated that the treated Ti exhibited reduced chemical activity, increased surface roughness, and porosity of approximately 40–50% compared to untreated Ti. In vitro biocompatibility tests using baby hamster kidney cells indicated positive cell attachment and proliferation after 72 h of culturing on the alkali‐treated Ti. These modifications enhance the surface properties and expand the potential applications of titanium in biomedical, industrial, and environmental technologies.
Simultaneously enhancing fire retardancy, acid and alkali resistance of polypropylene/aluminum trihydrate composite by microencapsulated red phosphorus
Authors: Li Wuhui , Li Jiaqi , Xing Haoqi , Wang Kang , Zhang Yunqi , Liu Jichun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe two obvious drawbacks of aluminum trihydrate (ATH) as a flame retardant to polymers are its low efficiency and poor resistance to both acid and alkali. To overcome these faults, ATH‐filled fire‐retarded polypropylene (PP) was modified by microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) and the flammability, acid and alkali resistance of the obtained PP/ATH/MRP composite were investigated. Results reveal that addition of 63 wt% ATH cannot impart V‐0 rating to PP in UL‐94 test, but incorporating 50 wt% ATH/MRP composite flame retardant can endow PP with V‐0 rating. ATH synergizes notably with MRP in enhancing fire retardancy of PP and the presence of suitable MRP can boost acid and alkali resistance of PP/ATH composite remarkably. The production of high‐quality char layer upon combustion is the key reason for improvement of fire retardance. MRP‐induced charring of PP is responsible for the heightened acid and alkali resistance of PP/ATH composite. This work offers a simple and cheap route to overcome the drawbacks of ATH and will expand the application field of flame‐retarded polymers with ATH.Highlights
MRP synergizes notably with ATH in flame‐retarding PP.
Formation of high‐quality char layer answers for improved fire retardance.
Presence of MRP enhances chemical resistance of PP/ATH composite considerably.
MRP‐induced charring of PP is the root cause for enhanced chemical resistance.
Robust discriminant analysis
Authors: Hubert Mia , Raymaekers Jakob , Rousseeuw Peter J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiscriminant analysis (DA) is one of the most popular methods for classification due to its conceptual simplicity, low computational cost, and often solid performance. In its standard form, DA uses the arithmetic mean and sample covariance matrix to estimate the center and scatter of each class. We discuss and illustrate how this makes standard DA very sensitive to suspicious data points, such as outliers and mislabeled cases. We then present an overview of techniques for robust DA, which are more reliable in the presence of deviating cases. In particular, we review DA based on robust estimates of location and scatter, along with graphical diagnostic tools for visualizing the results of DA.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Robust Methods
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
DMRG study of the theta-dependent mass spectrum in the 2-flavor Schwinger model
Authors: Itou Etsuko , Matsumoto Akira , Tanizaki Yuya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the θ-dependent mass spectrum of the massive 2-flavor Schwinger model in the Hamiltonian formalism using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG). The masses of the composite particles, the pion and sigma meson, are computed by two independent methods. One is the improved one-point-function scheme, where we measure the local meson operator coupled to the boundary state and extract the mass from its exponential decay. Since the θ term causes a nontrivial operator mixing, we unravel it by diagonalizing the correlation matrix to define the meson operator. The other is the dispersion-relation scheme, a heuristic approach specific to Hamiltonian formalism. We obtain the dispersion relation directly by measuring the energy and momentum of the excited states. The sign problem is circumvented in these methods, and their results agree with each other even for large θ. We reveal that the θ-dependence of the pion mass at m/g = 0.1 is consistent with the prediction by the bosonized model. We also find that the mass of the sigma meson satisfies the semi-classical formula, Mσ/Mπ = $$ \sqrt{3} $$

3

, for almost all region of θ. While the sigma meson is a stable particle thanks to this relation, the eta meson is no longer protected by the G-parity and becomes unstable for θ ≠ 0.
Massive gravity generalization of $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations
Authors: Tsolakidis Evangelos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the two-dimensional massive gravity description of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformations, we propose a direct generalization in d dimensions. Our methodology indicates that all terms up to order d are present in the deformation. In two dimensions, $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

is enhanced by a linear and a constant term, and exhibits an interesting behaviour regarding the deformed spectrum and correlators. At certain limits, this deformation can reduce to $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

or $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 consistently. Using the massive gravity method, we obtain the classically deformed action of a sigma model of bosons and fermions interacting with an arbitrary potential, extending previous results. As a consequence, a proposal regarding the deformation of higher-derivative theories is made. Moreover, a standard dimensional reduction procedure is presented, with the resulting operator matching the form of prior findings under certain assumptions. In d ≥ 2, we provide the exact structure of the quadratic terms in agreement with previous approaches, as well as the structure of the linear and constant terms. All higher order contributions are not easily evaluated, yet we derive the complete answer for all cases up to seven dimensions. Under certain conditions, these terms vanish, resulting in a quadratic operator. The trace-flow equation for this family of deformations is also derived. Finally, we investigate the class of root-$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

operators in various dimensions within the scope of this formalism.
Forensische Bildgebung der scharfen Gewalt
Authors: Hofer Peter , Ferling Christiane 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Problemstellung
Die Beantwortung juristischer Fragen ist in der Rechtsmedizin alltägliche Routine. Die Rekonstruktion von Gewaltdelikten nach Angriffen mit scharfen und/oder spitzen Werkzeugen ist zumeist komplex und nur mit klassischen rechtsmedizinischen Methoden, wie z. B. der Obduktion, kaum mehr adäquat zu beantworten. Aus diesem Grund ist die klinische und postmortale Radiologie zur idealen Ergänzung in der Rechtsmedizin geworden.

Methoden und Verfahren
Während die klassische Röntgenuntersuchung für die Darstellung von Weichteilverletzungen ungeeignet ist und die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zu teuer, zu aufwendig und auch nicht überall verfügbar ist, hat sich mittlerweile die Multislice-Computertomographie (MSCT) als Methode der Wahl in der forensischen Bildgebung bei der Beurteilung von Verletzungsfolgen scharfer Gewalt ergeben.

Vorteile
Die forensische Bildgebung, insbesondere die MSCT, bietet insbesondere nach Stichverletzungen eine unverzichtbare Ergänzung in der Rekonstruktion. So ist sie bei der Beurteilung von Stichkanälen, der Rekonstruktion von Tatabläufen oder der Beurteilung von (lebensgefährlichen) Verletzungen in vielen Fällen der klassischen Obduktion zumindest gleichgestellt, teilweise auch überlegen.

Empfehlung
Die forensisch-radiologische Begutachtung nach scharfen Gewalteinwirkungen erfordert Erfahrung sowohl auf dem Gebiet der Radiologie als auch der Rechtsmedizin. Eine enge Zusammenarbeit beider Disziplinen vorausgesetzt, kann sie ein wesentliches Mittel in der Versorgung von Gewaltopfern sein.
Insufficient correctness of package inserts for psychotropic drugs in Germany
Authors: Arning Adina , Seifert Roland 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPackage inserts often cause displeasure among patients as they are perceived as misleading and confusing. The aim of this study was to find out how comprehensible, complete, and truthful package inserts are formulated in Germany. 311 package inserts for antipsychotics (mGPCR antagonists) and antidepressants (NE/5-HT enhancers) from different manufacturers and dosages were analysed. The analysis criteria included the description of the effect, the warning of increased suicide risk, the explanation of interactions with co-medication, food and stimulants, as well as alcohol and the warning of impaired roadworthiness. In addition, the timeliness of the information regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding was checked and the symptoms mentioned under the topic of discontinuation symptoms and adverse drug reactions were compared. For most parameters, inconsistencies among various products, deficiencies and incorrect information were noted. This was particularly true for the items pregnancy and breastfeeding. Thus, package inserts for mGPCR antagonists and NE/5-HT enhancers need to be updated and standardised urgently. Such measures will reduce confusion among patients and increase drug adherence.
Oxytocin effects on socially transmitted food preferences are moderated by familiarity between rats
Authors: Noguer-Calabús Irina , Schäble Sandra , Dören José , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Rationale
In the socially transmitted food preference (STFP) paradigm, rats change their preference for food rewards after socially interacting with a conspecific who has been fed with the originally non-preferred food. Here, we asked if oxytocin (OXT), a neuropeptide known for its role in social affiliation and social behavior, plays a role in STFP. Since OXT’s influences on social behavior can be familiarity-dependent, we further asked if OXT effects on STFP are moderated by the familiarity between rats.

Objectives
Does OXT modulate rats’ socially transmitted food choices in a familiarity-dependent way.

Methods
We systemically injected either vehicle, low-dose (0.25 mg/kg) of OXT, or large-dose (1.0 mg/kg) of OXT before social interaction with either a familiar cagemate (in-group) or an unfamiliar conspecific from a different cage (out-group).

Results
We found an intergroup bias in STFP: vehicle-treated rats showed larger socially transmitted changes in food preference in the out-group than the in-group condition. OXT modulated STFP in a familiarity-dependent way: OXT prevented the increase in the consumption of the non-preferred food in the out-group, and decreased the consumption of the preferred food in the in-group. These effects were dose-dependent and observed under acute OXT action, but also on the subsequent day when acute OXT effects dissipated, suggesting long-lasting social learning effects of OXT. Additional analyses suggest that the familiarity and dose-dependent effects of OXT on STFP cannot be attributed to OXT’s anorexic actions or differences in the duration of the social interactions.

Conclusions
OXT modulates STFP in a familiarity-dependent way.
Short-term cortical activation changes associated with postural compensation in swallowing
Authors: Murray Kelsey L. , Wong Seng Mun , Kamarunas Erin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompensatory strategies used to treat dysphagia, like the chin-down and chin-up positions, are often employed by speech-language pathologists to enhance swallowing safety. However, their effects on cortical neural responses remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cortical hemodynamic responses to swallowing across three head positions —chin-down, chin-neutral, and chin-up — using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the bilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus regions of interest. Twenty-six healthy adults completed 32 swallows of 5 ml water in each head position. Results revealed short-term cortical activation increases for chin-up swallows compared to both chin-neutral (mean difference = 1.2, SE = 0.18, p = .048) and chin-down swallows (mean difference = 0.76, SE = 0.18, p = .009). These findings suggest that postural changes during swallowing induce immediate neural adaptations in people without swallowing difficulty. These modifications likely reflect the necessary sensory and neuromuscular adaptations required for safe swallowing in different head positions, with less hyolaryngeal movement needed for a chin-down swallow and more movement needed for a chin-up swallow. While challenging swallow conditions, like the chin-up, may offer promising therapeutic potential, caution is warranted considering the associated safety risk, and further investigation is needed. This study provides insights into the immediate effects of head positions on cortical activity during swallowing and highlights avenues for future research in dysphagia rehabilitation.