bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mainstream health professionals' stigmatising attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Pelleboer‐Gunnink H. A. , Van Oorsouw W. M. W. J. , Van Weeghel J. , Embregts P. J. C. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundEqual access to mainstream healthcare services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) still requires attention. Although recent studies suggest that health professionals hold positive attitudes towards people with ID, stigmatising attitudes may influence their efforts to serve people with ID in community healthcare practice. To stimulate inclusion in mainstream healthcare services, this systematic review focussed on barriers in attitudes of mainstream health professionals towards people with ID.MethodFive electronic databases were systematically searched and references in full text articles were checked for studies published in the English language between January 1994 and January 2016. A social–psychological triad of cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions of stigmatising attitudes is used to structure and discuss the results.ResultsThe literature search generated 2190 records with 30 studies that passed our exclusion criteria. Studies were mostly cross‐sectional and of moderate quality. With respect to stigma, a lack of familiarity with and knowledge about people with ID was found. ID was considered as a stable condition not under personal control. Moreover, mainstream health professionals had either low or high expectations of the capabilities of people with ID. Professionals reported stress, lack of confidence, fear and anxiety, a tendency to treat people with ID differently and a lack of supporting autonomy.ConclusionsStigmatising attitudes towards people with ID appeared to be present among mainstream health professionals. This might affect the ongoing challenges regarding inclusion in mainstream healthcare services. To facilitate inclusion in mainstream healthcare services, it is recommended to include contact and collaboration with experts‐by‐experience in education programs of health professionals. Future research should progress beyond descriptive accounts of stigma towards exploring relationships between cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions as pointers for intervention. Finally, inclusion would benefit from an understanding of ‘equal’ treatment that means reasonable adjustments instead of undifferentiated treatment.
In‐situ imaging of Li intercalation in graphite particles in an Li‐ion battery
Authors: TAKATA KEIJI 
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the imaging of the expansion and contraction of graphite particles at the anode of a lithium‐ion battery. The intercalation and deintercalation of Li ions in the graphite particles induced by charging and discharging lead to expansion and contraction of the layered materials. These changes in volume were imaged through current collectors using scanning probe microscopy, which permitted in‐situ observation of the Li ion shift with high resolutions. We were able to evaluate the properties of each individual graphite particle.Here, we present variations in the images obtained by two methods of charging/discharging. In one method, the applied fields are changed, forcing the ions to move back into the graphite particles. Images showing detailed structures were obtained, allowing us to investigate the fine structures of the graphite particles. In the other method, the amount of ions is periodically injected into the graphite, which did not reveal the detailed structure but clearly distinguished inactive from active particles.
TNF‐α (−308G>A) and TNF‐R1 (36A>G) single nucleotide polymorphisms are strong risk factors for odontogenic keratocystic tumor development
Authors: Ilic Branislav , Nikolic Nadja , Andric Miroslav , Jelovac Drago , Milicic Biljana , Jozic Tanja , Krstic Slobodan , Milasin Jelena 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPolymorphisms in genes encoding tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and its receptor TNF‐R1 have been shown to affect one person's susceptibility to develop certain neoplastic diseases. The aim of the present association study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF‐α (−308G>A) and TNF‐R1 (36A>G) genes modulate the susceptibility for keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) development in Serbian patients.MethodsGenotyping was performed in 60 KCOT patients and 125 healthy individuals, using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsA significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies was found between patients and controls for both SNPs (P < 0.05). Carriers of the TNF‐α A variant had an eightfold increase of KCOT risk (OR = 8.12, 95% CI = 3.98–16.56, P < 0.0001), while carriers of the TNF‐R1 G variant had approximately a fourfold increase of KCOT risk (OR=3.65, CI: 1.60–8.40, P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the two polymorphisms are strong risk factors for KCOT development in Serbian population.
Stories of change: the text analysis of handovers in an Italian psychiatric residential care home
Authors: Accordini M. , Saita E. , Irtelli F. , Buratti M. , Savuto G. 
Published: February 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

There is a growing emphasis on communication as a result of the move towards the more inclusive approach associated with the community‐based rehabilitation model. Therefore, more importance is attached to handovers.

Besides ensuring transfer of information, handovers enhance group cohesion, socialize staff members to the practices of the service and capture its organizational culture.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

While handovers are mainly used for information transfer and to manage the services' daily routine, this paper offers an insight on how handovers can be conceived as valuable instruments to document cultural and organizational change.

Only a limited amount of studies has focused on handovers in mental healthcare settings, and most of them only consider the perspectives of psychiatric nurses, while embracing a broader perspective, this paper provides valuable insights into the perspectives of various service providers.

The overcoming of the dichotomy deficit‐based vs. recovery‐oriented model is possible if professionals use handovers to reflect upon their practice and the ways in which their cultural models are affected by the environmental context.

What are the implications for practice?

Handovers are valuable instruments to document organizational change.

It would be important for psychiatric and rehabilitation facilities to keep track of the handover records over time as they may provide insightful information about cultural change and the transformations in the core values and beliefs held by professionals.

AbstractHandovers assure a timely and correct information transfer while socializing workers to the service's culture; however, no study describes them as instruments to document organizational change and only a few have focused on psychiatric settings.AimTo investigate the change in the culture of an Italian psychiatric residential care home as perceived by its mental health workers (MHWs) over the course of two decades.MethodEmotional text analysis (ETA) was used to analyse the MHWs' handovers completed from 1990 to 2011.ResultsThe analysis generated four clusters and three main factors illustrating the change in the MHWs’ representations of the residential care home and its occupants. The factors showed: (1) the shift from an individualistic, problem‐focused view to an inclusive, community‐based approach; (2) the presence of a descriptive as well as a specialized language; and (3) the presence of a double focus: on patients and professionals.ConclusionsHandovers transcripts document the following changes: (1) a shift from a symptom‐based to a recovery‐oriented approach; (2) a modification of the MHWs values towards an holistic view of the patient; (3) a growing importance assigned to accountability, services integration and teamwork. The paper shows that handovers can be used diachronically to document organizational change.
Involvement of CD147 in alveolar bone remodeling and soft tissue degradation in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Yang D. , Liu R. , Liu L. , Liao H. , Wang C. , Cao Z. 
Published: February 2017

Background and ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the possible roles of clusters of differentiation 147 (CD147) in bone resorption and mineralization through the bone markers of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), trabecular structure of alveolar bone and number of osteoclasts. We also investigated the effects of CD147 on inflammation and collagen breakdown.Material and MethodsTwenty‐eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals each: healthy group, periodontitis group, periodontitis + saline group and periodontitis + anti‐CD147 groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for histological assessment. Alveolar bone loss and trabecula microstructure were evaluated using micro‐computed tomography. Collagen fiber breakdown was assessed via picrosirius red staining. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining was conducted for osteoclast analysis. The expressions of ALP, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and osteopontin were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.ResultsAnti‐CD147 treatment significantly inhibited alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis, and improved the bone volume/tissue volume, and the trabecular thickness of alveolar bone. Histological staining revealed that anti‐CD147 significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammation and limited the fractions of degraded areas in collagen fibers. The expression of bone markers (ALP, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and osteopontin) was enhanced by anti‐CD147 treatment.ConclusionThe results of the anti‐CD147 treatment indicate that CD147 was involved in alveolar bone mineralization, osteoclastogenesis and trabecular microstructure. The inhibition of CD147 could increase the expression level of osteogenic markers, alveolar bone crest height and suppressed collagen fiber degradation.
Blood Transfusions in Dogs and Cats Receiving Hemodialysis: 230 Cases (June 1997–September 2012)
Authors: Langston C. , Cook A. , Eatroff A. , Mitelberg E. , Chalhoub S. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMultiple factors exist that contribute to anemia in dogs and cats receiving hemodialysis, can necessitate transfusion.ObjectivesTo describe blood product usage in dogs and cats with acute and chronic kidney disease that were treated with intermittent hemodialysis to determine risk factors associated with the requirement for blood product transfusion.Animals83 cats and 147 dogs undergoing renal replacement therapy at the Animal Medical Center for acute or chronic kidney disease.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of all dogs and cats receiving renal replacement therapy for kidney disease, from June 1997 through September 2012.ResultsBlood products (whole blood, packedRBCs, or stromal‐free hemoglobin) were administered to 87% of cats and 32% of dogs. The number of dialysis treatments was associated with the requirement for transfusion in cats (adjustedOR2.21, 95%CI1.13, 4.32), but not in dogs (adjustedOR0.98, 95%CI0.95, 1.03). Administration of a blood product was associated with a higher likelihood of death in dogs (OR3.198, 95%CI1.352, 7.565;P= .0098), but not in cats (OR1.527, 95%CI0.5404, 4.317,P= .2).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVeterinary hospitals with a hemodialysis unit should have reliable and rapid access to safe blood products in order to meet the needs of dogs and cats receiving dialysis.
Inibitory effects of linalool on fungal pathogenicity of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum
Authors: Silva Kaltz V. S. , Lima Maria I. O. , Cardoso Gustavo N. , Santos Aldeir S. , Silva Gezaíldo S. , Pereira Fillipe O. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn humans worldwide, Microsporum sp. is a frequent agent of dermatophytsosis. When considering the emergence of resistant fungi and the clinical relevance of dermatophytosis, terpene antifungal activity is of great interest. Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol with pharmacological properties. In this study, antifungal in vitro activity of linalool and ketoconazole (as a positive control) were evaluated against clinical isolates of M. canis and M. gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of each drug were determined by broth microdilution. The effects of the drugs (1/2MIC, MIC, 2xMIC) on radial mycelial growth, conidial production and germination were analysed. The effect on the fungal cell membrane (release of intracellular material) was also investigated. Linalool (MIC: 128 μg/mL) and ketoconazole (MIC: 64 μg/mL) were effective in inhibiting all dermatophytes studied. The MFC values of linalool ranged between 128 and 256 μg/mL, whereas ketoconazole showed MFC values of from 64 to 256 μg/mL. Linalool (at MIC and 2xMIC) and ketoconazole (at 1/2MIC, MIC, 2xMIC) inhibited mycelial growth (P < 0.05). The drugs (1/2MIC, MIC, 2xMIC) were also active on conidiogenesis and conidia germination, causing complete inhibition (P < 0.05). Linalool caused leakage of intracellular material. Our study supports the use of linalool as a potential antifungal agent against M. canis and M. gypseum.
Factors associated with reduction of left ventricular mass in children on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Yu Jeong Jin , Jun Hyun Ok , Shin Eun Jung , Baek Jae Suk , Lee Joo Hoon , Kim Young‐Hwue , Park Young Seo , Ko Jae‐Kon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate sensitive factors involved in left ventricular mass reduction in children with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis.MethodsThirty‐five subjects on peritoneal dialysis were enrolled. Two successive echocardiographic and clinical data for each subject were obtained. Blood pressure and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were indexed through a division with the normal 95th percentile value. Differences in numeric data between two datasets were calculated.ResultsThe mean age was 12.9 ± 4.6 years. Predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy and its persistence were systolic blood pressure index (P = 0.019 and P = 0.046) and E’ velocity (P = 0.035 and P = 0.031) in univariate analysis. However, differences in these predictors between the datasets were not related to the change in indexed LVMI. Reduction in indexed LVMI was correlated to a reduction of indexed left atrial volume (R = 0.638, P = 0.001), trans‐mitral A velocity (R = 0.443, P = 0.011), and serum blood urea nitrogen level (R = 0.372, P = 0.028) and an elevation of haemoglobin level (R = −0.374, P = 0.027).ConclusionThe extent of circulating volume expansion is potentially the main predictive factor for change of LVMI, because the volume dependent diastolic functional variables correlate to the change of LVMI. Further study with a large number of ESRD children including a group under fluid volume control is needed to investigate the role of volume expansion on the change of LVMI.
Agronomic traits of soybean cultivars released in different decades after grafting record‐yield cultivar as rootstock
Authors: Li Shengyou , Teng Fei , Rao Demin , Yao Xingdong , Zhang Huijun , Wang Haiying , Song Shuhong , St. Martin Steven K. , Xie Futi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBreeders have seldom considered the selection for root traits during the genetic improvement in soybean. It is hypothesized that grain yield would be increased by the root function improvement, especially for the current cultivars. The objective of this grafting experiment was to determine the effect of record‐yield cultivars L14 or Z35 as rootstocks on agronomic traits of cultivars released in different decades. A total of 11 cultivars, released in different decades, were used to graft onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks. The agronomic traits were measured in the pot‐culture experiments. Grafting cultivars released in different decades onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks resulted in higher yield, 100‐seed mass and apparent harvest index as compared with those of non‐grafted or self‐grafted plants. Grain yield gain of cultivars grafted onto record‐yield cultivar rootstocks was 0.40 g/plant/year from 1966 to 2006, which was larger than that of non‐grafts and self‐grafts (0.27 g/plant/year). The yield of current cultivars should increase more if their root functions were improved.
Genuine Wealth Per Capita as a Measure of Sustainability and the Negative Impact of Corruption on Sustainable Growth in Sub‐Sahara Africa
Authors: Forson Joseph Ato , Buracom Ponlapat , Chen Guojin , Baah‐Ennumh Theresa Yaaba 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that the answer to the question of whether the impact of corruption on development is homogenous, is no. Our optimism rest on how development may be conceptualised. When equated to a narrow measure in economic‐wise which fundamentally ignores critical issues, then there is a possibility the outlook could be positive. But when conceptualised using a broad‐based approach such as sustainable development, then the outlook could be negative. We assess a panel of 22 economies in Sub‐Sahara Africa with the most recent dataset (1996–2013) from the World Bank and other reputable agencies. Our finding is quite robust. It holds in pooled OLS, Fixed effects and GMM within IV settings; and it also holds for different measures of institutions and different measures of development using growth per capita GDP and genuine wealth per capita, respectively. Taking stock of major policy blue‐prints of selected countries in the region on the fight against corruption, we are able to point out that institutions play important role in insulating citizens against the devastation caused by corruption. Overall, through this comparison, we are able to signal that both incidental and systematic corruption poses a long‐term threat to sustainable development.
Altered miR‐155 Expression in Allergic Asthmatic Airways
Authors: Malmhäll C. , Johansson K. , Winkler C. , Alawieh S. , Ekerljung L. , Rådinger M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe and others have previously identified microRNAs (miRNAs) with pathological roles in animal models of asthma, where miR‐146a and miR‐155 have been described to play important roles in inflammatory responses. To date, few studies have investigated miRNA expression in human asthmatics. In the current study, significantly lower levels of miR‐155 were detected in cell‐free sputum from allergic asthmatics compared to healthy controls. Induced sputum isolated from allergic asthmatics in and out of pollen season revealed that miR‐155 expression, but not miR‐146a, is reduced in lymphocytes in season compared to post‐season. In contrast, miR‐155 was found to increase, whereas miR‐146a decreased in PBMCs and cell‐free PBMC culture media upon T cell receptor stimulation via αCD3/CD28 in both allergic asthmatics and healthy controls. Our findings suggest that miR‐155 is differentially expressed ex vivo in airways of allergic asthmatics compared to healthy controls, which may have implications in the local immune response in allergic asthma.
A Commentary on a Workshop ‘To Reveal the Foundational Concepts of Immune Regulation’ (i.e. Tolerance)
Authors: Cohn M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA summary of the workshop with its laudatory goal ‘to reveal the foundational concepts in immunology’ was recently published in SJI with an invitation to outsiders to comment. In the end, a foundational concept is one upon which we can all agree. This requires debate and meaningful experimentation. The goal of this commentary is to provide some of that. Most of immunology is description of an observation (i.e. a fact). However, what ties all the facts together as a discipline is theory or conceptualization that gives a general context to observation and predicts the next step. This is what is meant by ‘foundational concepts’.
The Politics of the U.S. Federal Judiciary's Requests for Institutional Reform
Authors: Hughes David A. , Vining Richard L. , Wilhelm Teena 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesWe ask whether the requests the federal judiciary makes to Congress are conditioned either on political factors or on its actual institutional needs. Methods. We build a new measure of the yearly well‐being of the federal courts from 1978 through 2013 using factor analysis. We specify two formal models to generate testable hypotheses that help to untangle equilibria behavior resulting from competing claims on judicial preferences for court reforms. We test these claims using data from the chief justice's Year‐End Reports on the Federal Judiciary. Results. We find that requests are not conditioned upon the courts' actual institutional needs but instead upon their ideological proximity to the Senate. Conclusion. We conclude that the federal judiciary views its own administration in a similarly political fashion as its elected counterparts.
Testing the Median Voter Model and Moving Beyond its Limits: Do Personal Characteristics Explain Legislative Shirking?
Authors: Portmann Marco , Stadelmann David 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThis study quantifies the quality of the median voter model (MVM) and analyzes whether personal characteristics explain legislative shirking.MethodsWe employ a natural measure for divergence between politicians and voter preferences by matching final roll‐call votes of politicians with referendum results. The relevance of personal characteristics for legislative shirking is analyzed by means of logit regressions.ResultsThe MVM outperforms a random decision benchmark when predicting the behavior of politicians regarding the revealed preferences of their constituencies, but the model fails to account for a substantial part of its theoretical prediction. Personal characteristics of politicians do not explain overall legislative shirking.ConclusionsPolicy predictions based on the MVM should be carefully considered because of failing convergence. Majority elections tend to crowd out personal characteristics of politicians as potential explanations for legislative shirking.