bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different parameters of Er:YAG laser irradiations on class V composite restorations: A scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Ozel Emre , Tuna Elif Bahar , Firatli Sonmez , Firatli Erhan 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare different parameters of Er:YAG laser irradiations on the marginal microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations. A total of 45 extracted premolars were selected for the study. Class V cavities prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth by Er:YAG laser or bur and divided into nine groups. The occlusal margins were in enamel and the cervical margins were in cementum. Group‐1: bur preparation; Group‐2: laser preparation (lp) (600 mJ/5 Hz); Group‐3: lp (300 mJ/10 Hz); Group‐4: lp (200 mJ/15 Hz); Group‐5: lp (150 mJ/20 Hz); Group‐6: lp (200 mJ/20 Hz); Group‐7: lp (300 mJ/14 Hz); Group‐8: lp (400 mJ/10 Hz); Group‐9: lp (700 mJ/5 Hz). All teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, then thermocycled 1,000 times (5–55°C). Five teeth from each group were chosen for the microleakage investigation and two teeth for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Teeth, which were prepared for the microleakage test were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye for 24 h. After immersing, the teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). More microleakage was observed in cervical regions compared to occlusal regions in all groups (p < 0.05) except for Group 6 (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of occlusal and cervical surfaces, separately (p > 0.05). It may be concluded that the cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser showed higher degree of microleakage than bur prepared at cervical regions. Different parameters of Er:YAG laser irradiations affected microleakage. SCANNING 38:434–441, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of the different finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of three different posterior composite resins
Authors: Sahbaz Cafer , Bahsi Emrullah , Ince Bayram , Bakir Elif Pınar , Cellik Omer 
Published: January 2016

SummaryFinishing and polishing techniques have great importance on the long term success and aesthetics of the composite restorations. In this study it was aimed to examine the effect of three different posterior composites on surface texture with various finishing and polishing procedures. Three different posterior composites, Filtek P60, Clearfil Majesty Posterior and Cavex Quadent Posterior Dense, and three different finishing and polishing procedures diamond finishing burs, tungsten carbide burs and Sof‐Lex discs were used in the study. The specimens were 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. The surface roughness was measured at three seperate points with a profilometer device and the Ra values were recorded. A one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis was applied for statistical analysis and p < 0.05 was accepted significant. No statistically significant differences were found between the composite resins with respect to surface roughness (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups of diamond, carbide, and Sof‐Lex groups (p < 0.05). Sof‐Lex polishing system was more successful than the diamond and carbide burs in the finishing and polishing procedures of composites. SCANNING 38:448–454, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online anomaly detection for multi‐source VMware using a distributed streaming framework
Authors: Solaimani Mohiuddin , Iftekhar Mohammed , Khan Latifur , Thuraisingham Bhavani , Ingram Joe , Seker Sadi Evren 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAnomaly detection refers to the identification of patterns in a dataset that do not conform to expected patterns. Such non‐conformant patterns typically correspond to samples of interest and are assigned to different labels in different domains, such as outliers, anomalies, exceptions, and malware. A daunting challenge is to detect anomalies in rapid voluminous streams of data.This paper presents a novel, generic real‐time distributed anomaly detection framework for multi‐source stream data. As a case study, we investigate anomaly detection for a multi‐source VMware‐based cloud data center, which maintains a large number of virtual machines (VMs). This framework continuously monitors VMware performance stream data related to CPU statistics (e.g., load and usage). It collects data simultaneously from all of the VMs connected to the network and notifies the resource manager to reschedule its CPU resources dynamically when it identifies any abnormal behavior from its collected data. A semi‐supervised clustering technique is used to build a model from benign training data only. During testing, if a data instance deviates significantly from the model, then it is flagged as an anomaly.Effective anomaly detection in this case demands a distributed framework with high throughput and low latency. Distributed streaming frameworks like Apache Storm, Apache Spark, S4, and others are designed for a lower data processing time and a higher throughput than standard centralized frameworks. We have experimentally compared the average processing latency of a tuple during clustering and prediction in both Spark and Storm and demonstrated that Spark processes a tuple much quicker than storm on average. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐Hospital Discharge Venous Thromboembolism in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Moghadamyeghaneh Zhobin , Alizadeh Reza Fazl , Hanna Mark H. , Hwang Grace , Carmichael Joseph C. , Mills Steven , Pigazzi Alessio , Stamos Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground
There are limited data regarding the criteria for prophylactic treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hospital discharge. We sought to identify risk factors of post‐hospital discharge VTE events following colorectal surgery.MethodsThe NSQIP database was utilized to examine patients developed VTE after hospital discharge following colorectal surgery during 2005–2013. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to quantify risk factors of VTE after discharge.ResultsWe evaluated a total of 219,477 patients underwent colorectal resections. The overall incidence of VTE was 2.1 % (4556). 33.8 % (1541) of all VTE events occurred after hospital discharge. The length of postoperative hospitalization had a strong association with post‐discharge VTE, with the highest risk in patients who were hospitalized for more than 1 week after operation (AOR 9.08, P < 0.01). Other factors associated with post‐discharge VTE included chronic steroid use (AOR 1.81, P < 0.01), stage 4 colorectal cancer (AOR 1.40, P = 0.03), obesity (AOR 1.37, P < 0.01), age >70 (AOR 1.21, P = 0.04), and open surgery (AOR 1.36, P < 0.01). Patients who were hospitalized for more than 1 week after an open colorectal resections had a 12 times higher risk of post‐discharge VTE event compared to patients hospitalized less than 4 days after a laparoscopic resection (AOR 12.34, P < 0.01).ConclusionsVTE is uncommon following colorectal resections; however, a significant proportion occurs after patients are discharged from the hospital (33.8 %). The length of postoperative hospitalization appears to have a strong association with post‐discharge VTE. High‐risk patients may benefit from continued VTE prophylaxis after discharge.
In‐Hospital Mortality in a 4‐Year Cohort Study of 3,093,254 Operations in Seniors
Authors: Puzianowska‐Kuznicka Monika , Walicka Magdalena , Osinska Boguslawa , Rutkowski Daniel , Gozdowski Dariusz , Czech Marcin , Durlik Marek , Franek Edward 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundSurgery‐related mortality depends on a number of factors including the type of surgical procedure, quality of healthcare, co‐morbidities, and age of patient. The objective of the study was to assess the in‐hospital mortality in the elderly undergoing surgical treatment.
MethodsThis was a national data‐based retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the National Health Fund, a public organization financing medical procedures in Poland. Adult citizens who underwent 9,344,384 surgical interventions (including 3,093,254 cases in seniors who were above 65 years old) between 2009 and 2012 were included in this study. Overall, surgery type‐dependent, age‐stratified in‐hospital mortality related to surgery was assessed.ResultsOverall in‐hospital surgery‐related mortality rate in seniors was stable (approximately 2 % annually, P for trend = 0.104). It doubled with each successive decade of life (1.2, 2.3, 5.6, and 13 % in 65–74, 75–84, 85–94 and ≥95 years old groups, respectively, in 2012). In ≥75‐year‐old mortality exceeded 10 % only after neurological surgeries, in ≥85‐year‐old after neurological, vascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrinological surgeries, and in ≥95‐year‐old also after heart and circulation, bones and muscles, liver, pancreas, and spleen operations. However, even in the oldest individuals it was low after genitourinary, female genital tract, head and neck, and eye surgeries.ConclusionsThe overall rate of in‐hospital mortality after surgery, although increasing with age, is rather low up to the ninth decade of life. Whereas some surgeries pose a significant risk, others may be relatively safe even in the oldest subjects.
Low-energy Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction in a Pelvic Neurovascular Injuries Rat Model
Authors: Li Huixi , Matheu Melanie P. , Sun Fionna , Wang Lin , Sanford Melissa T. , Ning Hongxiu , Banie Lia , Lee Yung-chin , Xin Zhongcheng , Guo Yinglu , Lin Guiting , Lue Tom F. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by pelvic injuries is a common complication of civil and battlefield trauma with multiple neurovascular factors involved, and no effective therapeutic approach is available.

Aims
To test the effect and mechanisms of low-energy shock wave (LESW) therapy in a rat ED model induced by pelvic neurovascular injuries.

Methods
Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) at newborn were divided into 4 groups: sham surgery (Sham), pelvic neurovascular injury by bilateral cavernous nerve injury and internal pudendal bundle injury (PVNI), PVNI treated with LESW at low energy (Low), and PVNI treated with LESW at high energy (High). After LESW treatment, rats underwent erectile function measurement and the tissues were harvested for histologic and molecular study. To examine the effect of LESW on Schwann cells, in vitro studies were conducted.

Main Outcome Measurements
The intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement, histological examination, and Western blot (WB) were conducted. Cell cycle, Schwann cell activation-related markers were examined in in vitro experiments.

Results
LESW treatment improves erectile function in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injury by leading to angiogenesis, tissue restoration, and nerve generation with more endogenous EdU+ progenitor cells recruited to the damaged area and activation of Schwann cells. LESW facilitates more complete re-innervation of penile tissue with regeneration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive nerves from the MPG to the penis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LESW has a direct effect on Schwann cell proliferation. Schwann cell activation-related markers including p-Erk1/2 and p75 were upregulated after LESW treatment.

Conclusion
LESW-induced endogenous progenitor cell recruitment and Schwann cell activation coincides with angiogenesis, tissue, and nerve generation in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injuries.
Dual Strategy with Oral Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition and Intracavernosal Implantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Superior to Individual Approaches in the Recovery of Erectile and Cavernosal Functions After Cavernous Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Martínez-Salamanca Juan I. , Zurita Mercedes , Costa Carla , Martínez-Salamanca Eduardo , Fernández Argentina , Castela Angela , Vaquero Jesús , Carballido Joaquín , Angulo Javier 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Novel effective therapeutic strategies are necessary for treating erectile dysfunction secondary to cavernous nerve injury (CNI).

Aim
To functionally evaluate the benefits of long-term oral treatment with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor on the potential capacity of intracavernosal cell therapy to recover erectile function after CNI.

Methods
Bilateral crush CNI (BCNI) was produced in anesthetized male rats. After BCNI, rats were treated with the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil (TAD; 5 mg/kg/d orally; BCNI + TAD), a single intracavernosal injection of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs; BCNI + BMSC), or dual therapy (BCNI + BMSC + TAD). Ex vivo function of the corpus cavernosum (CC) and in vivo intracavernosal pressure responses to CN electrical stimulation were evaluated 4 weeks after BCNI. Trichrome staining and terminal 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate nick-end labeling assay were used for fibrosis and apoptosis determination, respectively, in the CC.

Main Outcome Measures
In vivo erectile responses in anesthetized rats, ex vivo evaluation of endothelium-dependent relaxation, neurogenic relaxation and neurogenic contraction in CC strips, and histologic evaluation of fibrosis and apoptosis in cavernosal tissue.

Results
BCNI resulted in a marked decrease of erectile responses that were partly recovered in the BCNI + TAD and BCNI + BMSC groups. Complete recovery of erectile function was achieved only in the BCNI + BMSC + TAD group. Endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide donor-induced relaxations of the CC were not altered by BCNI or the treatments. BCNI resulted in enhanced neurogenic adrenergic contractions and impaired nitrergic relaxations of the CC. The BCNI + TAD group displayed diminished neurogenic contractions, whereas the BCNI + TAD and BCNI + BMSC groups showed partly recovered nitrergic responses. In the BCNI + BMSC + TAD group, neurogenic contractions were decreased and nitrergic relaxations were normalized. Cavernosal apoptosis and fibrosis were similarly prevented in the BCNI + TAD, BCNI + BMSC, and BCNI + BMSC + TAD groups.

Conclusion
A dual strategy combining the intracavernosal injection of BMSCs and oral administration of TAD was superior to individual approaches in normalizing neurogenic control of cavernosal tone and preserving erectile function after CNI, suggesting the potential of this dual strategy in the future management of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.
10 Years' Plaque Incision and Vein Grafting for Peyronie's Disease: Does Time Matter?
Authors: Wimpissinger Florian , Parnham Arie , Gutjahr Georg , Maksys Sandra , Baierlein Martin , Stackl Walter 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Surgical correction is advocated in patients with stable Peyronie's disease (PD) and severe curvature of the penis. Contemporary series demonstrate favorable outcomes based on relatively short follow-up periods. However, long-term follow-up is rarely reported and there is a paucity of evidence on the influence of patients' age, comorbidities, and natural history on surgical outcomes.

Aims
The present study aims to examine the influence of patient's age, comorbidities, severity of the disease, and natural history of PD on long-term outcomes and satisfaction following plaque incision and vein grafting for PD.

Methods
Patients with follow-up of more than 10 years who underwent plaque incision and grafting (Lue technique) for stable PD were included in the study.

Main Outcome Measures
A combination of prospective and retrospective analysis of patients’ histories, anatomical, functional, and surgical parameters, development of PD recurrences, improvements of sexual functions, and overall satisfaction were performed between 1992 and 2014. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted odds ratios for predictors for development of erectile dysfunction (ED) and PD recurrence.

Results
Thirty patients with a median age of 57.5 years were eligible for inclusion in the study with a mean follow-up of 13.0 years (range 10.0–17.6). Angle of preoperative penile deviation was 40° to 110° (median 90°). On follow-up, 26 men (86.7%) had a straight erect penis. Eleven men (36.7%) developed ED, of whom 2 (6.7%) had other comorbidities contributing to their ED. Twenty-five men (83.3%) were still sexually active with or without medication. The mean percentage improvement in sexual function was 69.0%, with 17 men (56.7%) reporting 100% improvement and 7 (23.3%) reporting no improvement. Perceived penile shortening occurred in 13 patients (43.3%) and 6 patients (20.0%) experienced penile hyposensitivity. PD/plaque recurrence was found in 7 men (23.3%). The mean overall satisfaction with the procedure was 73.0%, with 18 men (60.0%) still 100% satisfied and 6 (20.0%) reporting satisfaction below 50%.

Conclusion
Improvement of sexual function and overall satisfaction remain high at 10 years follow-up and make the technique a safe and effective form of treatment in carefully selected patients.
Safety and efficacy of panretinal photocoagulation in patients with high‐risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy using pattern scan laser versus conventional YAG laser
Authors: Seymenoğlu Recep Göktuğ , Ulusoy Mahmut Oğuz , Başer Esin Fatma 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare the results of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) using the pattern scan laser (PASCAL) in a single setting versus multiple sessions of standard YAG laser in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Charts of 35 eyes that were treated with the PASCAL and an equal number of eyes that were treated with conventional laser were retrospectively reviewed. The whole PRP treatment was performed in one session in the PASCAL group, whereas all the patients in the conventional‐laser group completed the entire PRP treatment in two or three sessions. Persistence and/or recurrence of neovascularization, complications encountered, total number of laser spots, and mean power used were compared. Patients treated with the PASCAL received significantly higher number of laser spots than those treated with conventional laser (2885 vs. 1642, p < 0.001). The PASCAL and conventional‐laser systems required an average power of 650 mW and 330 mW, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients treated with the PASCAL showed similar rates of treatment failure within 12 months of follow‐up compared with patients treated with conventional laser (14% vs. 11%, p > 0.05). In the PASCAL group, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, retinal hemorrhage, and choroidal detachment were reported in two, two, one, and two patients, respectively, whereas only one each vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma were encountered in the conventional‐laser group. Our study reports that single‐session PRP with the PASCAL has similar efficacy compared with conventional laser, and has a favorable side‐effect profile.
Patient reported outcome measures of pain intensity: Do they tell us what we need to know?
Authors: Dorfman David , George Mary Catherine , Robinson-Papp Jessica , Rahman Tanni , Tamler Ronald , Simpson David M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objective
To determine the relationship between chronic pain patients’ responses to self-report measures of pain intensity, and self-reported strategies when completing such measures.

Participants
Ambulatory outpatients suffering from one of the following chronic pain conditions: painful HIV neuropathy, painful diabetic neuropathy, chronic Low-Back Pain.

Method
As part of a previously reported study using qualitative methods, participants completed standard pain intensity questionnaires as well as a measure of pain related disturbances in activities of daily living. In the previous study, participants’ responses during a focus group were then used to identify their strategies and beliefs about their approach to completing the questionnaires. Among the beliefs were: (1) difficulties averaging pain over different time periods (i.e., “what was your average pain during the last 24h” versus “what was your average pain during the last 2 weeks”); (2) difficulty in comparing pain from different etiologies; (3) difficulties in reporting sensations of pain in a manner unaffected by issues and situations secondary to the pain experience, such as difficulties in activities of daily living. In the present paper we use ANOVA (analysis of variance) and partial correlation to determine whether the qualitatively derived perceptions are reflected in the quantitative pain intensity scores.

Results
Participants’ belief that it was difficult to “average” pain intensity over different time periods was supported. The data do not support their belief that pain intensity scores are affected by other factors: their specific pain diagnosis, and the extent to which pain interfered with their activities of daily living.

Conclusions
(1) Patients tend to report different levels of pain intensity when asked to report their pain over different periods; (2) insofar as it can be said to exist, the relationship between measures of intensity and interference with activities of daily living is minimal; (3) participants tend to report similar levels of pain intensity, irrespective of etiology.

Implications
(1) Chronic pain patients’ elicited beliefs and strategies concerning how they complete pain intensity questionnaires are sometimes, but not invariably, reflected in their responses to these measures. Thus, purely qualitative methodologies alone cannot provide completely reliable information and point to the need to use a “mixed methods” approach combining both qualitative and quantitative data; (2) the lack of association between pain intensity measures and interference with activities of daily living, as well as relative insensitivity to different etiologies underlines the problem in relying on pain intensity measures as the primary means of evaluating the success of a treatment, either for pain management or in clinical research.
Influence of hydrodynamic energy on Holocene reef flat accretion, Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Dechnik Belinda , Webster Jody M. , Nothdurft Luke , Webb Gregory E. , Zhao Jian-xin , Duce Stephanie , Braga Juan C. , Harris Daniel L. , Vila-Concejo Ana , Puotinen Marji 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe response of platform reefs to sea-level stabilization over the past 6 ka is well established for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), with reefs typically accreting laterally from windward to leeward. However, these observations are based on few cores spread across reef zones and may not accurately reflect a reef's true accretional response to the Holocene stillstand. We present a new record of reef accretion based on 49 U/Th ages from Heron and One Tree reefs in conjunction with re-analyzed data from 14 reefs across the GBR. We demonstrate that hydrodynamic energy is the main driver of accretional direction; exposed reefs accreted primarily lagoon-ward while protected reefs accreted seawards, contrary to the traditional growth model in the GBR. Lateral accretion rates varied from 86.3 m/ka–42.4 m/ka on the exposed One Tree windward reef and 68.35 m/ka–15.7 m/ka on the protected leeward Heron reef, suggesting that wind/wave energy is not a dominant control on lateral accretion rates. This represents the most comprehensive statement of lateral accretion direction and rates from the mid-outer platform reefs of the GBR, confirming great variability in reef flat growth both within and between reef margins over the last 6 ka, and highlighting the need for closely-spaced transects.