bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide-Angle Quasar Feedback
Authors: Chartas George , Strickland Sarah 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present results from the detection of relativistic winds launched near the innermost stable circular orbits of supermassive black holes. A recent detection of a powerful wind in the X-ray-bright narrow absorption line (NAL) z=1.51 quasar HS 0810+2554 strengthens the case that quasars play a significant role in feedback. In both deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of HS 0810 we detected blueshifted absorption lines implying outflowing velocities ranging from 0.1c and 0.4c. The presence of both an emission line at 6.8 keV and an absorption line at 7.8 keV in the spectral line profile of HS 0810 is a characteristic feature of a P-Cygni profile supporting the presence of an expanding outflowing highly ionized Fe absorber. A hard excess component is detected in the XMM-Newton observation of HS 0810 possibly originating from reflection off the disk. Modelling of the XMM-Newton spectrum constrains the inclination angle to be < 35° (68% confidence). The presence of relativistic winds in both low inclination angle NAL quasars as well as in high inclination angle BAL quasars implies that the solid angle of quasar winds may be quite large. The larger solid angle of quasar winds would also indicate that their contribution to the regulation of the host galaxy may be more important than previously thought.
New Results on DLA Systems: Statistics
Authors: Rao Sandhya , Turnshek David , Monier Eric , Sardane Gendith 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe damped Lyman-α absorption-line systems (DLAs) that are observed in quasar spectra arise in neutral-gas-rich regions of intervening galaxies. With the highest neutral hydrogen column densities observed (N(HI) ⩾ 2 × 1020 atoms cm−2), they are known to trace the bulk of the neutral gas content of the Universe, and are thus powerful probes of galaxy formation and evolution. However, DLAs are extremely rare, and since the Lyman-α line falls in the UV for redshifts z < 1.65, not many are known at low redshift due to the limited availability of space data. Our HST surveys for DLAs in strong MgII absorbers have been successful at showing that MgII can be used as an unbiased tracer of DLAs. We present new results on their incidence, or redshift number density, dn/dz, and cosmological neutral gas mass density, ΩDLA, at redshifts 0.11 ⩽ z ⩽ 1.65, and incorporate results from higher and lower redshift studies in the literature to derive the evolution of neutral gas in the Universe.
Massive and dusty Hα emitters in protocluster revealed by ALMA and JVLA
Authors: Lee Minju ,   4C23.56 Protocluster team
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigate the physical properties of Hα emitters (HAEs) associated to the protocluster 4C23.56 at z ~ 2.5 using continuum observations at submm (270 GHz) and radio (3 GHz) frequencies with Atacama Large Mm/submm Array (ALMA) and K. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA). For more details see Lee et al. (in prep).
MHD simulations of ram pressure stripping of disk galaxies
Authors: Ramos-Martínez Mariana , Gómez Gilberto C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe removal of ISM of disk galaxies through ram pressure stripping (RPS) has been extensively studied in numerous simulations (see Roediger 2009 and references therein). The models show that RPS has a significant impact on galaxy evolution (truncation of the ISM will lead to a decrease in star formation and a change in galaxy color). Nevertheless, the role of magnetic fields (MFs) on the dynamics of the gas in this process has not been sufficiently studied, although the influence of the MFs on the large scale structure is well established. This motivated us to perform a 3D MHD simulation of a disk galaxy with an isothermal, non-self gravitating and magnetized gaseous disk in equilibrium with a galaxy potential (Allen & Santillán, 1991). We model RPS on the galactic disk under the wind-tunnel approximation with the use of the RAMSES code (Teyssier, 2002) in order to understand the effects of MFs in RPS.
A selection of AKARI FIS BSC extragalactic objects
Authors: Marton G. , Tóth L.V. , Balázs L. G. , Zahorecz S. , Bagoly Z. , Horváth I. , Rácz I. I. , Nagy A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe point sources in the Bright Source Catalogue (BSC) of the AKARI Far–Infrared Surveyor (FIS) were classified based on their far–IR and mid–IR fluxes and colours using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis method (QDA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The reliability of our results show that we can successfully separate galactic and extragalactic AKARI point sources in the multidimensional space of fluxes and colours. However, differentiating among the extragalactic sub–types needs further information.
The Intricate Role of Cold Gas and Dust in Galaxy Evolution at Early Cosmic Epochs
Authors: Riechers Dominik A. , Capak Peter L. , Carilli Christopher L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCold molecular and atomic gas plays a central role in our understanding of early galaxy formation and evolution. It represents the component of the interstellar medium (ISM) that stars form out of, and its mass, distribution, excitation, and dynamics provide crucial insight into the physical processes that support the ongoing star formation and stellar mass buildup. We here present results that demonstrate the capability of the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA) to detect the cold ISM and dust in “normal” galaxies at redshifts z=5–6. We also show detailed studies of the ISM in massive, dust-obscured starburst galaxies out to z>6 with ALMA, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA), the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI), and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). These observations place some of the most direct constraints on the dust-obscured fraction of the star formation history of the universe at z>5 to date, showing that “typical” galaxies at these epochs have low dust content, but also that highly-enriched, dusty starbursts already exist within the first billion years after the Big Bang.
Ultra-Fast Outflows in Typical Redshift 2 Star-Forming Galaxies
Authors: Roos Orianne , Bournaud Frédéric 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGalactic outflows are observed in star-forming galaxies up to high redshift. Still, their physical origins are not well understood, and most simulations fail to reproduce all observed parameters from first principles. With the POGO simulations (Physical Origins of Galactic Outflows), we model AGN and stellar feedback (FB) based on physical assumptions, and investigate their impact on the outflow parameters and on the host-galaxy at very high resolution (1.5 pc). Here, we show that AGN and stellar FB couple non-linearly, and that the mass loading of the resulting outflow highly depends on the mass of the host.
Metallicities in cosmological simulations with AGN feedback
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki , Taylor Philip 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn our cosmological, chemodynamical simulations, (i) the black hole mass–velocity dispersion relation does not evolve, and black holes actually grow along the relation. (ii) the stellar mass–metallicity relation does not change its shape, while the gas-phase relation has a steeper slope at higher redshifts. (iii) While stellar metallicity gradients are made shallower by galaxy mergers, gas-phase gradients are affected more strongly by AGN feedback.
Prime Focus Spectrograph: A very wide-field, massively multiplexed, optical & near-infrared spectrograph for Subaru Telescope
Authors: Tamura Naoyuki ,   PFS collaboration
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis short article is about Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS), a very wide-field, massively-multiplexed, and optical & near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph as a next generation facility instrument on Subaru Telescope. More details and updates are available on the PFS official website (http://pfs.ipmu.jp), blog (http://pfs.ipmu.jp/blog/), and references therein.The project, instrument, & timelinePFS will position 2400 fibers to science targets or blank sky in the 1.3 degree field on the Subaru prime focus. These fibers will be quickly (~60sec) reconfigurable and feed the photons during exposures to the Spectrograph System (SpS). SpS consists of 4 modules each of which accommodate ~600 fibers and deliver spectral images ranging from 380nm to 1260nm simultaneously at one exposure via the 3 arms of blue, red, and NIR cameras. The instrument development has been undertaken by the international collaboration at the initiative of Kavli IPMU. The project is now going into the construction phase aiming at system integration and on-sky engineering observations in 2017-2018, and science operation in 2019.The survey design has also been under development envisioning a survey spanning ~300 nights over ~5 years in the framework of Subaru Strategic Program (SSP). The key science areas are: Cosmology, galaxy/AGN evolution, and Galactic Archaeology (GA) (Takada et al. 2014). The cosmology program will be to constrain the nature of dark energy via a survey of emission line galaxies over a comoving volume of 10 Gpc3 at z=0.8-2.4. In the galaxy/AGN program, the wide wavelength coverage of PFS as well as the large field of view will be exploited to characterize the galaxy populations and its clustering properties over a wide redshift range. A survey of color-selected galaxies/AGN at z = 1-2 will be conducted over 20 square degrees yielding a fair sample of galaxies with stellar masses down to ~1010M⊙. In the GA program, radial velocities and chemical abundances of stars in the Milky Way, dwarf spheroids, and M31 will be used to understand the past assembly histories of those galaxies and the structures of their dark matter halos. Spectra will be taken for 1 million stars as faint as V = 22 mag therefore out to large distances from the Sun.PFS will provide powerful spectroscopic capabilities even in the era of Euclid, LSST, WFIRST and TMT, and the effective synergies are expected for further unique science outputs.
Evolution of bulgeless low surface brightness galaxies
Authors: Shao X. , Hammer F. , Yang Y. B. , Liang Y. C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBased on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR 7, we investigate the environment, morphology, and stellar population of bulgeless low surface-brightness (LSB) galaxies in a volume-limited sample with redshift ranging from 0.024 to 0.04 and Mr ≤ −18.8. We find that, for bulgeless galaxies, the surface brightness does not depend on the environment. Irregular LSB galaxies have more young stars and are more metal-poor than regular LSB galaxies. These results suggest that the evolution of LSB galaxies may be driven by their dynamics, including mergers rather than by their large-scale environment.
Comparing the host galaxies of different type supernovae
Authors: Liang Y. C. , Shao X. , Dennefeld M. , Chen X. Y. , Zhou L. , Hammer F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe compare the host galaxies of 902 supernovae, including Type Ia, II and Ibc, which are selected by cross-matching the Asiago Supernova Catalog with the SDSS DR7. We further selected 213 galaxies by requiring the light fraction of spectral observations > 15%, which could represent well the global properties of the galaxies. The diagrams related to Dn(4000), HδA, stellar masses, SFRs and specific SFRs for the SNe hosts show that almost all SNe II and most of SNe Ibc occur in SF galaxies. A significant fraction of SNe Ia occurs in AGNs and Absorp galaxies. These results are compared with those of the 689 comparison galaxies where the SDSS fiber captures < 15% of the total light. These comparison galaxies appear biased towards higher 12+log(O/H) (~0.1dex) at a given stellar mass, suggesting the aperture effect should be kept in mind when the properties of the hosts for different types of SNe are discussed.
The quasar clustering and its evolution in a semi-analytic model based on ultra high-resolution N-body simulations
Authors: Oogi Taira , Enoki Motohiro , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Makiya Ryu , Nagashima Masahiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigate clustering properties of quasars using a new version of our semi-analytic model of galaxy and quasar formation with state-of-the-art cosmological N-body simulations (Ishiyama et al. 2015; Oogi et al. 2015). We assume that a major merger of galaxies triggers quasar activity. We find that the quasar bias does not depend significantly on the quasar luminosity, similar to observed trends. This result reflects the fact that quasars with a fixed luminosity have various Eddington ratios and thus have various host halo masses that primarily determine the quasar bias. The quasar bias increases with redshift, which is in qualitative agreement with observations. Our bias value is lower than the observed values at high redshifts, implying that we need some mechanisms that make quasars inactive in low-mass haloes and/or that make them more active in high-mass haloes.
The contribution of major mergers to the creation of spheroidal galaxies and the build up of stellar mass at z≃2
Authors: Lofthouse E. K. , Kaviraj S. , Conselice C. J. , Mortlock A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigate the contribution of major mergers to star formation in spheroidal galaxies at z ~ 2. Galaxies are visually classified from a sample of massive galaxies in CANDELS. At the redshifts used, the observed morphological disturbances are due to recent major mergers as minor mergers are too faint. The percentage of blue spheroids showing morphological disturbances is 21 ± 4%, indicating that major mergers are not the dominant star formation mechanism in these galaxies. Thus, minor mergers or cold accretion are likely to be the main drivers of star formation. We investigate the U-band luminosity emission of the sample and find that only a small fraction of the cosmic L(U) is from galaxies involved in a major merger, ~30%. Using the ratio of specific star formation rate for LTGs to mergers and combining this with the results for the luminosity budget shows that only ~6% of the total L(U) emitted at z ~ 2 is due to the major merger process.
The tortoise and the hare: how North's institutional ideas resolved a 19th century Australian fable
Authors: O'CONNELL DARREN , AUSTEN SIOBHAN 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOur paper adopts Douglass North's institutional framework to explain why the colonies of Western Australia and South Australia, established in 1829 and 1836, respectively, had considerable disparities in economic growth up the end of 1900. Both colonies were established under different modes of organisation (colonisation). The method adopted for WA harked back to Mercantilism, famously condemned by Adam Smith because it led to under-investment in, and over-exploitation of, colonial assets. SA on the other hand was the product of a radical new theory in colonisation proposed by Edward Gibbon Wakefield whereby land, instead of being given away as in WA, was sold at a fixed price with the proceeds being used to subsidise gender-balanced immigration. Outcomes suggest that SA's method of ‘systematic colonisation’ introduced a better institutional matrix, compared to the initial institutions seeded in WA, allowing SA's economy to develop sooner and at a higher rate of growth. However, once the detrimental effects of its method of foundation were eliminated, occurring on the eve of one of the largest gold discoveries of modern times, WA's institutions finally provided the necessary incentives for economic development such that by the end of 1900, it had equalled SA's level of economic output if not exceeded it.
A questionnaire-based qualitative study of therapist views on computerized CBT
Authors: Newton J. , Sundin E. C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFew studies have explored therapists’ views on computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) and this study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of accredited therapists’ views on cCBT's role in treating depression. Twelve therapists constituted this self-selected sample (eight female, four male). Mean age was 52 years (range 46–61). The data obtained from a semi-structured questionnaire were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified and discussed: (1) the standardized nature of cCBT for depression, (2) the importance of the therapeutic relationship in cCBT, and (3) the pros and cons with cCBT as an alternative to CBT. The therapists in this study emphasized that innovations in CBT delivery formats (e.g. internet-based, computerized) show promise. However, participants expressed some views that clash with the evidence-based viewpoint. More work is needed to improve the implementation of evidence-based practice and policy.
General low-temperature reaction pathway from precursors to monomers before nucleation of compound semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Kui , Liu Xiangyang , Qi Ting , Yang Huaqing , Whitfield Dennis M. , Y. Chen Queena , Huisman Erik J. C. , Hu Changwei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the molecular pathway to monomers of semiconductor nanocrystals. Here we report a general reaction pathway, which is based on hydrogen-mediated ligand loss for the precursor conversion to ‘monomers’ at low temperature before nucleation. We apply 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor the key phosphorous-containing products that evolve from MXn+E=PPh2H+HY mixtures, where MXn, E=PPh2H, and HY are metal precursors, chalcogenide precursors, and additives, respectively. Surprisingly, the phosphorous-containing products detected can be categorized into two groups, Ph2P–Y and Ph2P(E)–Y. On the basis of our experimental and theoretical results, we propose two competing pathways to the formation of M2En monomers, each of which is accompanied by one of the two products. Our study unravels the pathway of precursor evolution into M2En monomers, the stoichiometry of which directly correlates with the atomic composition of the final compound nanocrystals.
Spectroscopic and computational investigation of actinium coordination chemistry
Authors: Ferrier Maryline G. , Batista Enrique R. , Berg John M. , Birnbaum Eva R. , Cross Justin N. , Engle Jonathan W. , La Pierre Henry S. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Lezama Pacheco Juan S. , Stein Benjamin W. , Stieber S. Chantal E. , Wilson Justin J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractActinium-225 is a promising isotope for targeted-α therapy. Unfortunately, progress in developing chelators for medicinal applications has been hindered by a limited understanding of actinium chemistry. This knowledge gap is primarily associated with handling actinium, as it is highly radioactive and in short supply. Hence, AcIII reactivity is often inferred from the lanthanides and minor actinides (that is, Am, Cm), with limited success. Here we overcome these challenges and characterize actinium in HCl solutions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics density functional theory. The Ac–Cl and
Ac
−

O

H
2

O

distances are measured to be 2.95(3) and 2.59(3) Å, respectively. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy comparisons between AcIII and AmIII in HCl solutions indicate AcIII coordinates more inner-sphere Cl1– ligands (3.2±1.1) than AmIII (0.8±0.3). These results imply diverse reactivity for the +3 actinides and highlight the unexpected and unique AcIII chemical behaviour.
Bright high-order harmonic generation with controllable polarization from a relativistic plasma mirror
Authors: Chen Zi-Yu , Pukhov Alexander 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUltrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with a controllable polarization state are powerful tools for investigating the structural and electronic as well as the magnetic properties of materials. However, such light sources are still limited to only a few free-electron laser facilities and, very recently, to high-order harmonic generation from noble gases. Here we propose and numerically demonstrate a laser–plasma scheme to generate bright XUV pulses with fully controlled polarization. In this scheme, an elliptically polarized laser pulse is obliquely incident on a plasma surface, and the reflected radiation contains pulse trains and isolated circularly or highly elliptically polarized attosecond XUV pulses. The harmonic polarization state is fully controlled by the laser–plasma parameters. The mechanism can be explained within the relativistically oscillating mirror model. This scheme opens a practical and promising route to generate bright attosecond XUV pulses with desirable ellipticities in a straightforward and efficient way for a number of applications.
HHLA2, a member of the B7 family, is expressed in human osteosarcoma and is associated with metastases and worse survival
Authors: Koirala Pratistha , Roth Michael E. , Gill Jonathan , Chinai Jordan M. , Ewart Michelle R. , Piperdi Sajida , Geller David S. , Hoang Bang H. , Fatakhova Yekaterina V. , Ghorpade Maya , Zang Xingxing , Gorlick Richard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOver the past four decades there have been minimal improvements in outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma. New targets and novel therapies are needed to improve outcomes for these patients. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of the newest immune checkpoint, HHLA2, in osteosarcoma. HHLA2 protein expression was evaluated in primary tumor specimens and metastatic disease using an osteosarcoma tumor microarray (TMA) (n = 62). The association of HHLA2 with the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and five-year-event-free-survival were examined. HHLA2 was expressed in 68% of osteosarcoma tumors. HHLA2 was expressed in almost all metastatic disease specimens and was more prevalent than in primary specimens without known metastases (93% vs 53%, p = 0.02). TILs were present in 75% of all osteosarcoma specimens. Patients whose tumors were ≥25% or ≥50% HHLA2 positive had significantly worse five-year event-free-survival (33% vs 64%, p = 0.03 and 14% vs 59%, p = 0.02). Overall, we have shown that HHLA2 is expressed in the majority of osteosarcoma tumors and its expression is associated with metastatic disease and poorer survival. Along with previously reported findings that HHLA2 is a T cell co-inhibitor, these results suggest that HHLA2 may be a novel immunosuppressive mechanism within the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment.
Assessment of agglomeration, co-sedimentation and trophic transfer of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a laboratory-scale predator-prey model system
Authors: Gupta Govind Sharan , Kumar Ashutosh , Shanker Rishi , Dhawan Alok 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) is the most abundantly released engineered nanomaterial (ENM) in aquatic environments. Therefore, it is prudent to assess its fate and its effects on lower trophic-level organisms in the aquatic food chain. A predator-and-prey-based laboratory microcosm was established usingParamecium caudatumandEscherichia colito evaluate the effects of nTiO2. The surface interaction of nTiO2withE. colisignificantly increased after the addition ofParameciuminto the microcosm. This interaction favoured the hetero-agglomeration and co-sedimentation of nTiO2. The extent of nTiO2agglomeration under experimental conditions was as follows: combinedE. coliandParamecium>Parameciumonly >E. colionly > withoutE. coliorParamecium.An increase in nTiO2internalisation inParameciumcells was also observed in the presence or absence ofE. colicells. These interactions and nTiO2internalisation inParameciumcells induced statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects on growth and the bacterial ingestion rate at 24 h. These findings provide new insights into the fate of nTiO2in the presence of bacterial-ciliate interactions in the aquatic environment.