bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of BRAFK601E Mutations in Thyroid Neoplasms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Webster Alyssa , Elshazli Rami M. , Pinion Dylan , Clark Robert D. E. , Kelly Grace , Issa Peter P. , Hussein Mohammad H. , Fawzy Manal S. , Toraih Eman A. , Kandil Emad 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundActivating mutations in the BRAF oncogene occur in 45% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). Though less studied, K601E may identify a clinically distinct subset of thyroid neoplasms.MethodsA bioinformatics assessment was conducted using the COSMIC database and in silico data analysis. A systematic search was conducted through August 2024 to identify studies reporting BRAF mutation in thyroid neoplasms. Pooled prevalence, histopathological subtype distribution, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and survival were extracted/analyzed from 32 studies (13 191 patients).ResultsIn the COSMIC database, BRAF K601E was found in various tissue types but mainly in the thyroid. In silico data analysis revealed a structural and functional basis for differences between K601E and V600E. Upon systematic review, the BRAF K601E mutation was identified in 2.8% of PTCs compared to 22% with V600E. The stratified analysis revealed geographical differences, with higher rates in Italy (5.23%) and the United States of America (3.31%). The K601E mutant was enriched for follicular‐patterned variants like NIFTP (11.2% of cases). Meta‐analysis demonstrated significantly reduced extrathyroidal extension for K601E versus V600E mutants (RR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.10–0.50, p = 0.0003).ConclusionK601E‐mutated neoplasms could be a unique clinicopathological entity associated with low‐risk histology and reduced extrathyroidal extension, consistent with a more indolent course than V600E mutants. Although detecting K601E may potentially guide conservative management, further prospective studies are needed.
A Novel Technique to Mitigate Saltwater Intrusion: Freshwater Recharge via Drainpipe in Permeable Paleochannels
Authors: Zancanaro Ester , Morari Francesco , Piccoli Ilaria , Carrera Alberto , Zoccarato Claudia , Teatini Pietro 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSeawater intrusion (SWI) is threatening coastal aquifers and farmland productivity worldwide. Although this phenomenon naturally occurs in coastal areas, it is intensified by anthropogenic activities such as groundwater pumping and land reclamation that cause a lowering of the hydraulic head and land subsidence. Moreover, the consequences of climate change such as sea level rise, increase of the mean temperature and the shifting of rainfall events to tropical regimes, have strong negative effects on groundwater quality and agriculture. Countermeasures against SWI are needed to maintain agricultural productivity and protect the freshwater resources in coastal areas. In the low‐lying farmlands surrounding the southern Venice Lagoon, in northern Italy, SWI is exacerbated by land subsidence, the presence of sandy paleochannels connected to the lagoon subsurface, seawater encroachment into the river estuaries, the presence of fossil brine waters and peat deposits. This study provides a detailed hydrogeological and geochemical characterisation of an experimental agricultural field affected by SWI located in this area using a large dataset collected over the 4 years between 2019 and 2022. Furthermore, it presents the results of novel intervention established across the farmland in 2021 to mitigate saltwater contamination. This intervention involved a controlled discharge of freshwater supplied by a reclamation channel through a 200 m‐long drainpipe buried 1.5 m below the field surface along a well‐preserved sandy paleochannel. The interpretation of the collected data demonstrates that the freshwater recharge carried out in 2021 and 2022 effectively reduced the groundwater salinity along the paleochannel. Moreover, statistical analyses highlighted that a certain lateral spread of freshwater occurred too, although the variability of the monitored parameters in the sites located outside the sandy body was only partially explained by the drain activity.
Digital supervision in the clinical learning environment: Characterizing teamwork in the electronic health record
Authors: Cross Dori A. , Weiner Josh , Olson Andrew P. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAttending physicians in academic hospitals work in supervisory team structures with medical residents to provide patient care. How attendings utilize the electronic health record (EHR) to support learning through supervision is not well understood.ObjectiveTo compare EHR behavior on teaching versus direct care, including evidence of supervisory calibration to learners.MethodsCross‐sectional study analysis of EHR metadata from 1721 shifts of hospital medicine faculty at a large, urban academic medical center, January to June 2022. Measures included total EHR time per shift, EHR time outside shift, and time spent on: note‐writing, note review/attestation, order entry, and other clinical review. We assessed within physician differences across these service types and used multilevel modeling to determine whether these behaviors varied with resident physicians' experience, accounting for physician‐specific signature behavior patterns.ResultsAttendings spent substantially less time in the EHR while on teaching service than on direct service (129 vs. 240 min; p < .001) and apportioned their work differently throughout the day. Physicians were less behaviorally consistent and varied more than their peers when on teaching service. Attendings calibrated their supervision to learners. Attendings logged 12.7% less EHR time when paired with more senior residents than postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) residents (137 vs. 120 min, p = .002). PGY1 presence was also associated with reduced EHR time, suggesting some delegation of supervision to senior trainees.ConclusionEHR behaviors on teaching service are highly variable and differ substantially from direct care; a lack of consistency suggests important opportunities to establish best practices for EHR‐based supervision and create an effective clinical learning environment.
The Diversity of the Circular Economy in the City of Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Authors: Marcombe Anne‐Charlotte , Tagaev Behzod 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUsing Gibson‐Graham's methodology for reading for difference, this article seeks to shed a new light on the circular economy (CE), a concept often promoted, but rarely implemented. By presenting the diversity of practices around the acquisition, repair and resale of second‐hand goods in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, this study provides insight on the circularity of urban environments. The collection and GIS mapping of around 60 interviews with small and medium enterprises involved in responsible consumption and production in Tashkent led to the development of a more accurate definition of the CE in an urban setting. Research results indeed reveal that responsible consumption and production are very dynamic concepts that rely mainly on accessibility, creativity and connectivity with one's surroundings, as well as social networks. In addition, GIS mapping of small businesses in the second‐hand industry showed that the provision of second‐hand‐related services is intricately connected with urban infrastructure.
Short‐Course TNT Improves Rectal Tumor Downstaging in a Retrospective Study of the US Rectal Cancer Consortium
Authors: Bauer Philip S. , Gamboa Adriana C. , Otegbeye Ebunoluwa E. , Chapman William C. , Rivard Samantha , Regenbogen Scott , Hrebinko Katherine A. , Holder‐Murray Jennifer , Wiseman Jason T. , Ejaz Aslam , Edwards‐Hollingsworth Kamren , Hawkins Alexander T. , Hunt Steven R. , Balch Glen C. , Wise Paul E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesThe RAPIDO trial showed promising rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant short‐course radiation with consolidation chemotherapy (total neoadjuvant therapy [SC TNT]) for rectal cancer. Only single‐center reviews comparing tumor downstaging between SC TNT and long‐course chemoradiation (LCRT) have been published in the United States. We reviewed our multi‐institutional experience with both.MethodsThe US Rectal Cancer Consortium database (2007–2018) including data from six high‐volume rectal cancer care centers was reviewed. Patients with nonmetastatic, rectal adenocarcinoma who had neoadjuvant LCRT alone or SC TNT before excision or definitive nonoperative management were included. The primary outcome was the rate of complete response (CR), including pCR or durable (12 month) clinical complete response.ResultsOf 857 included patients, 175 (20%) received SC TNT and 682 (80%) received LCRT. The LCRT group had more low tumors (51.8% vs. 37.1%, p < 0.0001) and more clinically node‐negative disease (31.8% vs. 22.3%, p < 0.0001). The CR rate was higher after SC TNT (34.1% vs. 20.3%, p = 0.0001). SC TNT was a predictor of CR (OR: 2.52, CI: 1.68–3.78). SC TNT patients completing 5–6 months of consolidation chemotherapy had a CR rate of 42.9%. There was no difference in 3‐year PFS.ConclusionsSC TNT increases CR rate when compared to LCRT. For patients seeking nonoperative options or fewer radiation treatments, SC TRT should be preferred over LCRT alone.
Gen Zers' Behaviour Towards Sustainability in a Mature Coastal Destination
Authors: Pulido‐Fernández Juan Ignacio , Casado‐Montilla Jairo , López‐Sánchez Yaiza , Durán‐Román José Luis , Carrillo‐Hidalgo Isabel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study provides insights into the attitudes, knowledge, behaviour and commitment of Gen Z tourists toward sustainability. The research was conducted on 1188 participants in the Western Costa del Sol (Andalusia, Spain), a well‐established coastal destination. The study also estimated, through a chi‐squared test and the Mann–Whitney U model, the premium price that Gen Z tourists are willing to pay for visiting a more sustainable destination. The results indicate that Gen Z has a good understanding and a high level of commitment towards sustainable tourism. However, only 10% of Gen Z tourists were willing to pay more for a sustainable destination. The study analyses the reasons behind this finding. Finally, the research suggests recommendations for understanding the consumption behaviours and practises of young travellers.
Alpine SOC and Microbial Community Assembly Were Buffered Through Soil Pore Structure Along an Altitudinal Gradient
Authors: Wang Ruizhe , Hu Xia , Zhao Yunduo , Pan Pengyu , Zhang Jialu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTElevation changes influence various environmental factors including cloudiness, atmospheric density, and temperature. Previous studies on the effects of elevation on microbial communities and soil organic carbon (SOC) yielded inconsistent results. This study tried to reveal the distribution patterns of microbial communities and SOC concentrations, as well as their interactions with soil structure along an elevational gradient in the alpine region. We investigated six typical ecosystems along an elevational gradient on the north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) methods were used to quantify microbial abundance and pore structure of soils, respectively. The results demonstrated that SOC content and total PLFAs peaked in the meadow ecosystem. In the subsoil, total PLFAs, fungal, and bacterial PLFAs followed the U‐shape pattern with increasing elevation. In both topsoils and subsoils, the surface area density of pores increased with elevation, and it was found to be positively correlated with SOC and microbial abundance. Soil structure mainly affects the input and adsorption of root nutrients by altering the pore surface area, thereby regulating the enrichment of microorganisms. The impact of pore structure on microbes were more obvious in the topsoil than in the subsoil. Interactions among pore structure, soil properties, and environmental factors jointly affects the microbial communities, demonstrating that elevation indirectly affects microbial communities through soil resource regulation.
Association of serum fatty acids with bone health in rural elderly population in Qingdao, China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Cui Guangwei , Meng Xiangyuan , Wang Xingxu , Luan Zhaohui , Gong Jianbao , Dai Shiyou , Gao Tianlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a type of macronutrient, fatty acids (FA) play significant roles in the bone health of elderly people. However, the specific association between different types of FA and bone health is not fully understood, especially in rural elderly populations. To address this gap, a study was conducted in rural areas of Qingdao, China. Participants aged 65 and older were randomly recruited from 11 rural villages in Licha town, Qingdao City. The levels of serum FA in their serum were measured to investigate the associations between FA and bone mass. The results showed that levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA), and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 PUFA) were all significantly associated with bone mass. Specifically, higher levels of SFA were positively correlated with low bone mass (LBM), while PUFA levels were inversely correlated with LBM. Furthermore, the odds ratio (OR) for LBM exhibited a significant nonlinear dose–response relationship (pnonlinearity = 0.1989) with SFA levels, and a significant nonlinear dose‐dependent relationship was also observed with the levels of n‐3PUFA and n‐6PUFA (pnonlinearity = 0.6183, 0.5808, respectively), indicating that increasing dietary PUFA intake appropriately and controlling SFA intake may benefit the bone health of elderly individuals in rural areas.
Nutrient enrichment—but not warming—increases nitrous oxide emissions from shallow lake mesocosms
Authors: Audet Joachim , Levi Eti E. , Jeppesen Erik , Davidson Thomas A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractShallow lakes and ponds play a crucial role in the processing of carbon and other nutrients. However, many lakes and ponds worldwide are affected by climate change and nutrient pollution. How these pressures affect the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is unclear. Warming and eutrophication are expected to increase the production and emission of N2O in lakes and ponds, but changes in ecological structure and function may complicate these seemingly straightforward relationships. In this study, we used the world's longest running, mesocosm‐based, freshwater climate change experiment to disentangle the effect of nutrient enrichment and warming on N2O emissions. We gathered a large dataset on N2O concentrations and ancillary variables, comprising three sampling campaigns between 2011 and 2020 and a total of 687 individual mesocosm measurements. Our results demonstrated that nutrient enrichment increased N2O emissions, while warming (+2.5–4.0°C and +3.75–6.0°C) had no discernable effect. Our study indicates that curtailing nitrogen influxes into lakes and ponds is the most effective strategy to minimize N2O emissions, and while warming may influence N2O emissions, it does not appear to be a direct driver. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing nitrogen mitigation efforts to curb N2O emissions from shallow lakes and ponds.
microRNA‐2117 Negatively Regulates Liver Cancer Stem Cells Expansion and Chemoresistance Via Targeting SOX2
Authors: Xia Qing , Liu Guanghua , Lin Wenbo , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the regulation of tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, and chemoresistance. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in liver CSCs has not been fully understood. Here we show that miR‐2117 is downregulated in liver CSCs and predicts the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Biofunction studies found that knockdown miR‐2117 facilitates liver CSCs self‐renewal and tumorigenesis. Conversely, forced miR‐2117 expression suppresses liver CSCs self‐renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we find that transcription factor SOX2 is required for miR‐2117‐mediated liver CSCs expansion. The correlation between miR‐2117 and SOX2 was confirmed in human HCC tissues. More importantly, miR‐2117 overexpression HCC cells are more sensitive to CDDP treatment. Analysis of patients' cohort further demonstrates that miR‐2117 may predict transcatheter arterial chemoembolization benefits in HCC patients. Our findings revealed the crucial role of miR‐2117 in liver CSCs expansion, rendering miR‐2117 as an optimal therapeutic target for HCC.
Integrating Multi‐Omics Data to Uncover Prostate Tissue DNA Methylation Biomarkers and Target Genes for Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhu Jingjing , Green Dylan , Zhong Hua , Long Quan , Wu Chong , Wang Liang , Deng Youping , Wu Lang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have indicated that specific CpG sites may be linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by regulating the expression of PCa target genes. However, most existing studies aim to identify DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers through blood tissue genetic instruments, which impedes the identification of relevant biomarkers in prostate tissue. To identify PCa risk‐associated CpG sites in prostate tissue, we established genetic prediction models of DNAm levels using data from normal prostate samples in the GTEx (N = 108) and assessed associations between genetically predicted DNAm in prostate and PCa risk by studying 122,188 cases and 604,640 controls. We observed significant associations for 3879 CpG sites, including 926 at novel genomic loci. Among them, DNAm levels of 80 CpG sites located at novel loci are significantly associated with expression levels of 45 neighboring genes in normal prostate tissue. Of these genes, 11 further exhibit significant associations with PCa risk for their predicted expression levels in prostate tissue. Intriguingly, a total of 31 CpG sites demonstrate consistent association patterns across the methylation–gene expression–PCa risk pathway. Our findings suggest that specific CpG sites may be related to PCa risk by modulating the expression of nearby target genes.
Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant (Gestational Age of 29 Weeks) With Kabuki Syndrome Type I: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Qi , Zheng Yuzhu , Guo Xinyuan , Xue Jiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis paper aimed to investigate the clinical phenotype of Kabuki syndrome (KS) in premature infants.MethodsThis paper presents a case of an extremely low birth weight infant (gestational age 29 weeks) with KS1 caused by a variant in the KMT2D gene. The clinical, pathological, and differential diagnostic findings were comprehensively analyzed. A thorough literature review was also performed to enhance the understanding of KS, revealing its unique features and prognostic significance.ResultsThe infant was a male with a gestational age of 29 weeks and a birth weight of 850 g. He had intrauterine growth retardation, characterized by cleft palate, sacrococcygeal skin depressions, and recurrent metabolic acidosis. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed the c.4267C > T (p.Arg1423Cys) variant in the KMT2D gene, which was absent in his parents. The patient was discharged after 67 days of treatment, and he was followed up to 19 months of corrected gestational age, with growth retardation and expression language delay. Ten previous studies on preterm infants were retrieved, with 10 preterm infants. They all had characteristic facial features, such as long blepharophimosis, sparse and lateral 1/3 eyebrows, and large and prominent/cupped ears. Other manifestations were extrauterine growth delay (7/10), abnormal development of the cardiovascular system (7/10), abnormal development of the nervous system (5/10), and cleft palate (2/10).ConclusionsKabuki syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder involving multiple organs and systems. Genetic assessment for preterm infants with congenital abnormalities is recommended.
Assessment of Free Energy Functions for Sand
Authors: Irani Nazanin , Prada‐Sarmiento Luis Felipe , Tafili Merita , Salimi Mohammad , Wichtmann Torsten , Triantafyllidis Theodoros 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe advantages of constitutive models in energy‐conservation frameworks have been widely addressed in the literature. A key component is choosing an appropriate energy potential to derive the hyperelastic constitutive equations. This article investigates the advantages and limitations of different energy potentials found in the literature based on mathematical conditions to guarantee numerical stability, such as the desired order of homogeneity, positive and non‐singular stiffness within the application range, and equivalent Poisson's ratio from a constitutive modelling standpoint. Potentials meeting the aforementioned criteria are employed to simulate the response envelopes of Karlsruhe fine sand (KFS). Moreover, the performance of the potentials, in conjunction with plasticity theories, is examined. To achieve this, the hyperelastic constitutive equations have been coupled with the bounding surface plasticity model of Dafalias and Manzari to reproduce the soil response in a hyperelastic–plastic frame. Finally, one of the potentials is modified, whereas recommendations for incorporating other appropriate free energy functions into different soil constitutive models are presented. Furthermore, 100 closed elastic strain cycles have been simulated with the bounding surface plasticity model of Dafalias and Manzari considering the original hypoelastic stiffness and hyperelastic–plastic constitutive equations. Using the hypoelastic framework in the simulation led to stress accumulation after 100 closed elastic strain loops, while a reversible response was predicted using the hyperelastic stiffness tensor.
Association between overweight and central interleukin‐6 in a nonclinical adult population
Authors: Enokida Takako , Hattori Kotaro , Maeda Chiori , Tomizawa Takahiro , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimOverweight is associated with low‐grade systemic inflammation. However, its effect on neuroinflammation remains unclear. We examined the possible association between overweight and neuroinflammation using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a nonclinical adult population in Japan.MethodsCSF and plasma levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), and leptin were measured in nonclinical adult participants (35 males and 34 females) who had no current or past history of neuropsychiatric diseases. We performed partial correlation analyses with sex and age as covariates between the body mass index (BMI) and the inflammatory markers and compared them between overweight and nonoverweight participants.ResultsThe BMI significantly correlated with CSF levels of IL‐6 (rs = 0.32, p = 0.009), plasma levels of CRP (rs = 0.30, p = 0.016), IL‐1β (rs = 0.29, p = 0.019), IL‐6 (rs = 0.25, p = 0.042), TNF‐α (rs = 0.43, p < 0.001), and leptin (rs = 0.72, p < 0.001). Overweight participants (BMI ≧ 25) had significantly higher CSF levels of IL‐6 (p < 0.001), plasma levels of IL‐1β (p = 0.023), TNF‐α (p < 0.001), and leptin (p < 0.001) than the nonoverweight participants.ConclusionOverweight is associated with central IL‐6, a marker for neuroinflammation, as well as systemic inflammation markers, even in a nonclinical population.