bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To be or not to be better pollinated: Differences between sex morphs in marginal gynodioecious populations
Authors: Castilla Antonio R. , Alonso Conchita , Herrera Carlos M. 
Published: March 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Changes in the pollinator communities of marginal plant populations can affect their pollination quantity or quality. Geographic variation in pollination success can alter the reproductive advantage that female plants require to persist within gynodioecious populations. Particularly valuable is determining the pollination success at the prezygotic stage in self‐compatible gynodioecious species whose females do not exhibit enhanced seed production.METHODS:In core and marginal populations of Daphne laureola, we analyzed the differences between hermaphrodites and females in the proportion of flowers visited, the stigma pollen loads, and the quantity of pollen tubes in styles. We also examined the relationship between the number of pollen tubes in styles vs. the number of pollen grains on stigmas using piecewise regression and binomial generalized linear mixed models.KEY RESULTS:Pollinators deposited larger pollen loads on flowers in marginal populations. In marginal populations, female flowers received more pollinator visits and more pollen grains on their stigmas, and they had more pollen tubes in their styles than did female flowers in core populations. Both piecewise regression and binomial GLMM analyses showed that females in marginal populations had a lower proportion of grains that developed tubes than females in the core populations, which suggests decreased pollination quality.CONCLUSIONS:More efficient pollination services in marginal populations decreased the overall differences in the prezygotic pollination success between the sex morphs. Our results also suggest that pollination quality is lower in females of marginal populations, which could be counteracting the increased pollination in females in marginal populations.
POSTURAL STEADINESS AFTER PROLONGED STANDING ON DIFFERENT SLOPED SURFACE IN YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS
Authors: Lin Yun-Chung , Tsai Liang-Ching , Cheng Hsin-Yi Kathy , Lin Yang-Hua , Cheng Chih-Hsiu 
Published: March 2016

Prolonged standing is related to various health problems such as lower back pain and lower extremity discomfort. This study was to investigate the effects of prolonged standing on posture control and whether the sloped surface is beneficial to adults who are required to stand for a long period of time. Twenty young healthy adults (age: [Formula: see text] years, height: [Formula: see text] cm, weight: [Formula: see text] kg, 6 males and 14 females) participated in this study. They were asked to perform a sixty-second quiet-standing evaluation first (i.e. the pre-test condition), then the thirty-minute standing test, and followed by the sixty-second standing test again (i.e. the post-test condition). They stood barefoot quietly on a force plate watching a video on television located 2 m ahead. Three sloped conditions, i.e. the level ground, inclined (with the ankle dorsiflexed), and declined (with the ankle plantarflexed), were randomly examined on separate days. The trajectory, maximal anteroposterior/mediolateral displacement, sway area, and complexity index (CI) of the center of pressure (CoP) during the standing tests were analyzed. Ten-point visual analogue scale (VAS) for perceived fatigue was also recorded. One-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used to analyze postural changes among sloped conditions before and after the prolonged standing.Signs of fatigue (VAS were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the level, inclined, and declined conditions, respectively) and significant increases in all CoP measures for the three slope conditions after thirty minutes of standing (all [Formula: see text]) were noted. Trajectory was greatest under inclined, followed by the declined and level conditions ([Formula: see text]). The CI was generally greater under the declined surface than the level and inclined surfaces along with the thirty-minute standing.These findings indicated that prolonged standing resulted in fatigue and increased postural changes, particularly on the inclined surface. A greater complexity on the declined surface implied that participants had better adaptability while standing on a declined surface than a flat or inclined surface. Current findings suggested that a declined surface could be a suitable choice for a prolonged standing and further studies are warranted to evaluate its efficacy on different career workers.
Needs of Patients’ Family Members in an Intensive Care Unit With Continuous Visitation
Authors: Jacob Mini , Horton Cynthia , Rance-Ashley Sharon , Field Tera , Patterson Robbie , Johnson Claudette , Saunders Holly , Shelton Tracy , Miller Jessica , Frobos Carmen 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundAlthough many critical care experts and national organizations support open visitation in intensive care units (ICUs), most ICU visiting policies do not allow unrestricted presence of patients’ family members.ObjectiveTo describe how well the needs of family members were met in an adult neuroscience ICU with a continuous visitation policy and an adjoining private suite for patients’ family members.MethodsAn exploratory, descriptive study design was used to identify the effects of continuous family visitation in the neuroscience ICU on patients’ family members and their needs and experiences during their time in the unit. A convenience sample of consenting family members completed a survey of family need items 72 hours after the patient was admitted to the unit.ResultsThe most important needs identified by the 45 family members surveyed were items relating to information about the patient, visiting the patient, being given hope, talking with a doctor each day, and being assured that the best care is being given to the patient. Least important items were related to physical comforts for the family members. The vast majority of family members rated their needs as being met for all of the items in the survey and reported a high level of satisfaction with care.ConclusionIn a neuroscience ICU with an open visitation policy and a private suite for patients’ family members, family members rated their needs as being met at a high level, unlike in prior studies in units with limitations on family visitation. The rank order of the importance of each need in the survey was similar to rankings in prior studies in a variety of critical care units.
Doctor Who? A Quality Improvement Project to Assess and Improve Patients' Knowledge of Their Inpatient Physicians
Authors: Broderick-Forsgren Kathleen , Hunter Wynn G , Schulteis Ryan D , Liu Wen-Wei , Boggan Joel C , Sharma Poonam , Thomas Steven , Zaas Aimee , Bae Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Patient-physician communication is an integral part of high-quality patient care and an expectation of the Clinical Learning Environment Review program.Background

This quality improvement initiative evaluated the impact of an educational audit and feedback intervention on the frequency of use of 2 tools—business cards and white boards—to improve provider identification.Objective

This before-after study utilized patient surveys to determine the ability of those patients to name and recognize their physicians. The before phase began in July 2013. From September 2013 to May 2014, physicians received education on business card and white board use.Methods

We surveyed 378 patients. Our intervention improved white board utilization (72.2% postintervention versus 54.5% preintervention, P &lt; .01) and slightly improved business card use (44.4% versus 33.7%, P = .07), but did not improve physician recognition. Only 20.3% (14 of 69) of patients could name their physician without use of the business card or white board. Data from all study phases showed the use of both tools improved patients' ability to name physicians (OR = 1.72 and OR = 2.12, respectively; OR = 3.68 for both; P &lt; .05 for all), but had no effect on photograph recognition.Results

Our educational intervention improved white board use, but did not result in improved patient ability to recognize physicians. Pooled data of business cards and white boards, alone or combined, improved name recognition, suggesting better use of these tools may increase identification. Future initiatives should target other barriers to usage of these types of tools.Conclusions
First year Business students’ perceptions of academic support through embedding. A Practice Report
Authors: De Maio Carmela , Desierto Anibeth 
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the perceptions of first year Business students to embedding sessions and additional support workshops offered through a collaboration between learning advisors and lecturers in a first year foundational unit. Through a social constructivist lens and utilising action research methods, questionnaires (n=42) were administered to two cohorts of students at the conclusion of the unit in 2011 and 2012 to explore firstly, whether or not they perceived the embedding sessions to be of benefit and, secondly, whether having the learning advisor in the class made them more likely to utilise additional support outside class time. In addition, the researchers sought to explore whether there were any improvements in students’ final results which might be attributable to the academic support offered to them through the embedding sessions. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative data suggest that the students perceived the embedding workshops as having positive effects on their academic literacy skills. Furthermore, there was a slight increase in the number of students that sought additional support outside of class time. However, it appears that the embedding workshops did not lead to an improvement in students’ final marks for the unit and this is an area which requires further investigation.
ЦАЙДАМ НУУРЫН ОРДЫН НҮҮРСНИЙ ХАЛУУНЫ БОЛОВСРУУЛАЛТ, ХАТУУ БА ШИНГЭН БҮТЭЭГДЭХҮҮНИЙ СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Батбилэг С , Пүрэвсүрэн Б , Даваажав Я , Намхайноров Ж 
Published: March 2016

Судалгааны обьект болгон сонгосон Цайдам нуурын ордын нүүрсний техник шинж чанарын үзүүлэлтүүд болон петрографийн ба элементийн найрлагыг тодорхойлж Б2 маркын лигнитийн төрлийн хүрэн нүүрс болохыг тогтоов. Пиролизын туршилтаар гарган авсан хатуу үлдэгдэл буюу хагас коксыг хэт халсан усны уураар идэвхжүүлж гарган авсан идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсний иод ба метилен хөхийн шингээлтийн багтаамжийг тодорхойлон нүх сүвэрхэг бүтцийг SEM-ийн анализаар, термолизын давирхайг нил улаан туяаны ба цөмийн соронзон резонансын спектрометрийн багажит анализын аргаар тус тус судлав.
ENSAIO ACELERADO DE LABORATÓRIO DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE MADEIRAS DA AMAZÔNIA CHAMADAS DE TAUARI, EXPOSTAS AOS FUNGOS DE PODRIDÃO-BRANCA E PARDA E RESPOSTA COLORIMÉTRICA DE ACORDO COM O SISTEMA CIE L* A* B*
Authors: Okino Esmeralda Yoshico Arakaki , Pastore Tereza Cristina Monteiro , Camargos José Arlete Alves , Coradin Vera Terezinha Rauber , Teixeira Divino Eterno , Santana Marcos Antonio Eduardo , Fagg Christopher William 
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819609Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar a durabilidade natural de três espécies de tauari (Couratari guianensis Aublet, Couratari oblongifolia Ducke & Knuth R. e Couratari stellata A.C.Smith), relatar os parâmetros colorimétricos de acordo com o sistema CIE L * a * b * 1976 assim como mostrar a aparência dos blocos de madeira antes e após o ataque. Dois fungos de podridão-parda [Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon ex Fries) Murril. e Lentinus lepideus Fr.] e dois de podridão-branca [Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries) Pilat e Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr.)] foram utilizados. A madeira de tauari foi classificada como "moderadamente resistente" a "resistente" quando exposta aos fungos Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor e Ganoderma applanatum. O conteúdo de extrativos das amostras atacadas diminuiu quando comparado com o controle, exceto Couratari stellata expostos a Ganoderma applanatum. Por outro lado, os conteúdos de cinzas aumentaram quando comparados com o controle, exceto para a madeira de Couratari stellata exposto ao Gloeophyllum trabeum. Todos os blocos de madeira atacados e as serragens tornaram-se mais escuras, exceto para a serragem de Couratari stellata exposto ao fungo Trametes versicolor, e mais vermelho do que a amostra sem ataque. O ΔE * médio do bloco de madeira e serragem, atacados, atingiram 29,5 e 14,3, respectivamente.
INTRA-AND INTER-POPULATION VARIATION IN SEED SIZE AND DORMANCY IN <i>Schizolobium parahyba</i> (Vell.) Blake IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST
Authors: Freire Juliana Müller , Piña-Rodrigues Fátima Conceição M. , Santos André Luís Fonseca dos , Pereira Maurício Ballesteiro 
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509820592Seed size and dormancy level were studied in 20 trees from two populations of Schizolobium parahybatoevaluate how these characteristics occurbetween and within populations, and whether seed germinationwas affected by its morphometry. These two populations are located in the coastal (Paraty) or mountain(Miguel Pereira) regions in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The seed morphometrictraits (length,width, thickness and weight) were measured. Germination with or without seedcoatdormancy treatment(mechanical scarification) wasassessedbya randomized emergence test in nursey. All morphometric traitsdiffered significantly among individuals and between populations. The trees from the mountain regionshowed a larger seed size and a lower dormancy level than that of trees from the coastal region. Seed sizehad no effect on seed germination or seedling development. Climate influence on the determination of germination behavior is discussed based on the results.
FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA DE SANTA CATARINA - BRASIL: AGRUPAMENTO E ORDENAÇÃO BASEADOS EM AMOSTRAGEM SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Lingner Débora Vanessa , Schorn Lauri Amândio , Sevegnani Lucia , Gasper André Luís de , Meyer Leila , Vibrans Alexander Christian 
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509820595O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar os remanescentes da Floresta Ombrófila Densa, no estadode Santa Catarina. O conjunto de dados utilizado neste estudo foi disponibilizado pelo projeto InventárioFlorístico Florestal de Santa Catarina, sendo oriundo de 197 unidades amostrais do tipo conglomerado. Osconglomerados foram constituídos por quatro subunidades de 20 x 50 m, nas quais foram mensurados todosos indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivos com DAP ≥ 10 cm. A estrutura da floresta foi caracterizada com o empregode parâmetros e índices fitossociológicos. Com base na densidade das espécies, foram realizadas análisesde agrupamento e ordenação na tentativa de identificar grupos de bacias hidrográficas e faixas de altitude.Foram encontradas 577 espécies, pertencentes a 226 gêneros e 83 famílias. As famílias mais representativasem número de espécies e indivíduos foram Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Fabaceae. Espécies de áreas perturbadascomo Alchornea triplinervia, Caseria sylvestris e Miconia cinnamomifolia estão dentre as que dominam afloresta. Por meio da análise de agrupamento, foi possível identificar três formações ao longo do gradientealtitudinal, aqui denominadas: Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas (< 30 m), Submontana (30 – 500m) e Montana (> 500 m). Variações florísticas e estruturais puderam ser detectadas entre as três formações.Em comunidades das terras baixas, a presença das famílias Anacardiaceae e Clusiaceae foi mais expressivae a altura média das árvores foi superior. Nos ambientes montanos, observou-se um aumento no número deindivíduos, área basal e diversidade, além da maior representatividade das famílias Cyatheaceae, Lauraceaee Rubiaceae. A ocorrência de Arecaceae foi marcante nos patamares submontanos. Grupos espaciais não puderam ser seguramente definidos a partir de dados estruturais de bacias hidrográficas.
UMIDADE DE EQUILÍBRIO DE PAINÉIS OSB EM FUNÇÃO DA UMIDADE RELATIVA E DA TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE
Authors: Mendes Rafael Farinassi , Mendes Lourival Marin , Protásio Thiago de Paula , Oliveira Stefânia Lima , Carvalho Amélia Guimarães , Farrapo Camila Lais 
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509820661O trabalho teve como objetivo obter modelos estatísticos para a estimativa da umidade de equilíbrio de painéis OSB em função da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar, assim como também avaliar o efeito de algumas variáveis de produção sobre a umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis. O delineamento experimental se constituiu de seis condições de processamento, três temperaturas do ar e seis umidades relativas do ar. Nas condições de processamento, foram avaliadas três diferentes espessuras das partículas strand (0,4; 0,7 e 1,0 mm), duas densidades aparentes do painel (0,65 e 0,90 g/cm³) e também três níveis de pressão na prensagem dos painéis (40, 60 e 80 kgf/cm²). Para cada tratamento foram produzidos quatro painéis com a madeira de Pinus taeda e 6% de adesivo fenol-formaldeído. Na avaliação do experimento foi considerado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado disposto em esquema fatorial triplo 6 x 3 x 6, ou seja, 6 variáveis de produção (condições de processamento), 3 temperaturas do ar (30, 40 e 50°C) e 6 umidades relativas (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90%). As médias foram comparadas estatisticamente pelo Teste Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de significância. A modelagem da umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis OSB foi realizada mediante o ajuste de modelos polinomiais múltiplos para cada tratamento. Com base nas medidas de precisão e nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: 1) recomenda-se a utilização do modelo UEQ = β0 + β1UR + β2UR² + β3UR³ + β4Temp + ε para a estimativa indireta da umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis OSB; 2) A temperatura apresenta influência linear na umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis, enquanto que a umidade relativa do ar apresenta comportamento polinomial de terceira ordem, sendo que a umidade relativa do ar influência de forma mais pronunciada a umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis OSB do que a temperatura ambiente; 3) Quanto ao efeito das variáveis de produção, a pressão de prensagem de 80 kgf/ cm² e o aumento da espessura das partículas strand para 1,0 mm de espessura promoveu tendência de reduções nos valores médios de umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis OSB. Já o aumento da densidade do painel promoveu uma tendência de aumento da umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis OSB; e 4) O uso de modelos polinomiais múltiplos permite que sejam produzidas curvas de nível para a obtenção dos valores de umidade de equilíbrio dos painéis OSB em função da umidade relativa e da temperatura do local onde o painel esta exposto, se destacando pela sua praticidade de utilização.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE PLÂNTULAS DURANTE A GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE <i>Psidium cattleianum</i> E <i>Acca sellowiana</i> (MYRTACEAE)
Authors: Gomes Juliano Pereira , Oliveira Luciana Magda de , França Caroline Sartorato Silva , Dacoregio Helen Michels , Bortoluzzi Roseli Lopes da Costa 
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/19805098Objetivou-se neste trabalho descrever as características morfológicas de plântulas durante a germinação de Psidium cattleianum Sabine e Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret. Para a descrição da germinação e das características morfológicas das plântulas, 100 sementes foram colocadas para germinar em substrato papel tipo germitest à temperatura de 25ºC. Foram analisados: tipo, forma e coloração da raiz; pilosidade, forma e coloração do hipocótilo e do epicótilo; consistência, textura, forma, nervação, coloração, tipo de bordo, ápice e base dos cotilédones e protófilos. A germinação de ambas é epígea fanerocotiledonar, formando plântula com sistema radicial axial, raiz principal pivotante longa, com paracotilédones e eofilos simples e opostos. Foram registradas glândulas e células secretoras em todos os órgãos, exceto na raiz, para as duas espécies. A semente de Psidium cattleianum inicia germinação aproximadamente 10 dias após a semeadura quando ocorre a abertura do opérculo e a protrusão radicular. Acca sellowiana, após 28 dias, apresenta hipocótilo longo, cilíndrico, ereto, de coloração marrom-avermelhada, glabro. Na ocorrência de total exposição dos paracotilédones, estes já apresentam coloração verde intensa, demonstrando o potencial fotossintetizante pela plântula em crescimento. A descrição do processo germinativo juntamente com a morfologia de plântulas constitui importante elemento de reconhecimento de espécies.
Concussions and Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: An Adolescent Case Presentation
Authors: Castillo Iris , Wolf Kimberly , Rakowsky Alexander 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Concussions commonly occur in adolescents. Although the majority of adolescent patients’ symptoms resolve, about 11% continue to experience symptoms at 3 months. Standard treatment options for prolonged symptoms are not available, and the role of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the management of adolescent concussions is unclear. The authors describe a case of a 16-year-old girl with a history of 3 head injuries who presented with concussion symptoms. After 6 weekly osteopathic manipulative treatment sessions, the patient was able to return to her normal activities. Further research on the role of osteopathic manipulative treatment to manage concussions is needed.
Modeling and simulation of ionizing radiation effect on ferroelectric field-effect transistor
Authors: Yan Shaoan , Li Gang , Guo Hongxia , Zhao Wen , Xiong Ying , Tang Minghua , Li Zheng , Xiao Yongguang , Zhang Wanli , Lei Zhifeng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A theoretical model is developed to investigate the ionizing radiation effect on electrical characteristics of a metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor structure ferroelectric gate field-effect transistor (MFIS FeFET). Modeling results show that gate capacitance versus gate voltage curves and transfer characteristic curves shift significantly and the memory window becomes worse with the total dose. Moreover, the drain current and I
ON/I
OFF ratio exhibit a considerable decrease under high incident dose rates. Finally, it is found that radiation-induced degradations can be affected strongly by the insulator layer thickness, and that MFIS FeFETs with a thin insulator buffer layer show a high radiation tolerance.
Breakdown mechanism in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor structure on free-standing n-type GaN substrate
Authors: Tanabe Shinichi , Watanabe Noriyuki , Matsuzaki Hideaki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The breakdown mechanism in a high-electron mobility transistor structure on free-standing n-type GaN substrates consisting of a C-doped GaN layer as a high-resistivity buffer was investigated with a two-terminal vertical device that has a C-doped GaN buffer between electrodes. Initially, current density increases with the square of bias voltage. This is then followed by an abrupt increase by several orders of magnitude within ten volts, which results in breakdown. These behaviors are consistent with the theory of the space-charge limited current. In this theory, current density increases steeply when trap sites at a certain energy level are completely filled with injected carriers. These results indicate that the existence of trap levels in the C-doped GaN layer is one of the possible factors that determine the breakdown. The trap density and trap level of the C-doped GaN layer were also evaluated.