bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Model of an Active Gyroscopic Roll Stabilizer Using the Moving Frame Method
Authors: Rios Oscar , Murakami Hidenori 
Published: March 2016

Large offshore renewable energy investments require the use of maintenance boats to keep them in operable conditions. Unfortunately, due to rough seas in some of the project locations, the transferring of crew members from vessel to turbine or platform is no easy task. Thus, the research presented is focused at further looking into add on stability systems for marine vessels to further ease the process of offshore platform maintenance and crew member safety.
The rolling and pitching of ships and boats induced by the ocean waves results in undesirable motion. In an effort to increase the stability of the deck/platform and human comfort and safety, various add-on stability systems have been developed. Of interest in the research presented are internal active systems, specifically the active gyroscopic stabilizer.
Previous research and industrial use of active gyroscopic roll stabilizers has shown and proven the effectiveness of the system to reduce rolling motion. The research presented here is focused on developing a more detailed mathematical analysis of a marine vessel installed with active gyroscopic roll stabilizer(s). Through the use of the moving frame method developed by the second author, a novel approach has been developed to derive a mathematical model for two different cases: 1) a marine vessel with a single gyroscopic roll stabilizer and 2) a marine vessel with two gyroscopic roll stabilizers. The moving frame method allows for a systematic derivation despite the increase in complexity of the system as the number of stabilizers is increased. Lastly, the nonlinear equations of motion of a ship with a gyroscopic roll stabilizer are derived.
Personal Modular Design
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: March 2016

This is a position paper.
Although modular design is getting wide attention these days, most of the discussions and applications are focused on efficiency, cost reduction, etc., which has been regarded important in the traditional product development or in the producer’s framework. Their focus is how they can prepare wider variety with less time, money and energy. They believe if a wide variety of products are offered. the customer would select the one that would fit them best.
Thus, not too much attention is paid to the customer expectations. The current producer do not sell dreams. They just increases the choices. This can be compared to what animals are doing. Animals can use tools, but these tools are found in nature. Animals do not make tools, but humans do, because humans can see the future, while animals cannot. Engineering is an activity to satisfy customer dreams. In this sense, the current industry is not achieving what engineering is supposed to achieve.
In addition, as human needs step up, humans would like to actualize themselves. But in the earlier or lower step, their needs are products so products satisfy them. But when they step more and more upward, they find value in the processes. So products alone will not satisfy them enough. They would like to make their dreams come true by themselves.
Thus, how we can get customers involved in the production becomes important. In short, we have to consider how we can mix high tech and low tech and work them harmoniously. Some modules needs high tech. Thus expertise is needed. But others can be developed and produced by customers.
Then, customers will be very happy because they are players in the game and they feel they themselves are developing a product to realize their own dream. Of course, personal fabrication technology can be used for this purpose. But theirs and my idea are basically different. Their idea is to produce a product by ourselves. But the approach proposed here is focused on our industrial products. The issue here is how we can bring our customers into our product development, which current industries are practicing. If we can design a product, which is composed of modules which needs high tech and expertise and those which can be produced with low tech, then we can bring our customers into low tech and low expertise module production. Although customers are not producing the whole product, they feel happier because they are now making their dream come true themselves. Thus, industries can sell processes. And it should be stressed that this is not a reconfigurable design. The low tech and low expertise modules are really produced by our customers. They do not select modules to produce a product as we do with Lego.
This design of mixture of low tech module and high tech module serves for globalization as well. Some developing countries cannot produce high tech modules, because their resources are not enough. But if some modules can be produced with low tech, then they can produce them locally and that will increase employment and the market will expand.
Recent Developments in Steel Friction Stir Welding: Project HILDA
Authors: Toumpis Athanasios I. , Galloway Alexander M. , Camilleri Duncan , Arbaoui Larbi 
Published: March 2016

Friction stir welding of steel presents an array of advantages across many industrial sectors compared to conventional fusion welding techniques. Preliminary studies have identified many positive effects on the properties of welded steel components. However, the fundamental knowledge of the process in relation to structural steel remains relatively limited, hence industrial uptake has been essentially non-existent to this date. The European-funded project HILDA, the first of its kind in terms of breadth and depth, is concerned with enhancing the understanding of the process on low alloy steel, establishing its limits in terms of the two more significant parameters which can be directly controlled, tool traverse and rotational speed, thus improving its techno-economic competitiveness to fusion welding.
A detailed study investigated the effect of process parameters on the evolved microstructure. In parallel, a full programme of mechanical testing was undertaken to generate data on hardness, impact toughness and fatigue. From this, it has been established that friction stir welding of steel produces high integrity joints that exhibit excellent fatigue properties.
From a simulation perspective, a local microstructural numerical model has been developed to predict the microstructural evolution within the weld zone during friction stir welding of low alloy steel. This model concentrates on predicting grain size evolution due to dynamic recrystallization with respect to tool traverse and rotational speed. Furthermore, a computational efficient local-global numerical model capable of predicting the thermal transients, stir and heat affected zone, residual stresses and distortion produced by friction stir welding of DH36 plates is presented.
Accurate Prediction of Strains and Stresses in 2-D Elasticity Using Adini’s Finite Element
Authors: Aguirre-Rivas Donovan A. , Muci-Küchler Karim H. 
Published: March 2016

In the interest of obtaining accurate stress predictions in linear elastic problems while keeping the computational cost low, a finite element solution approach using cubic elements that include not only the displacement but also the spatial derivatives of the displacement as nodal degrees of freedom (DOFs) is explored in this paper.
The proposed approach has the advantage that the nodal values of the strains, and hence the stresses, can be directly computed from the finite element solution and, as shown in this paper, it is capable of converging faster to the analytical solution than the commonly used reduced integration Serendipity quadratic element.
Because the proposed approach is capable of achieving high accuracy using less DOFs, it is possible to use coarser meshes than with conventional elements. This is of particular importance in dynamic problems in which explicit techniques are used and the size of the time step is tied to the element size. Moreover, the proposed approach can be beneficial in non-linear problems in which stepping techniques are used to solve a linearized problem and the strains or stresses of the current step are used as input for the following step.
Pneumothorax Training System
Authors: Martinuzzi Valeria , Trabing Emily C. , Dow Douglas E. 
Published: March 2016

Pneumothorax is a moderately common condition in the respiratory system, which can result in significant impairment or even death. Prompt treatment is urgent for sustaining quality of life. One contributing factor when there is a delay in the administration of treatment is a lack of training for the medical staff, especially active hands-on training. This insufficient training may delay recognition and diagnosis of pneumothorax, and also delay the start of the treatment. An improved training method would potentially enable a wider range of medical staff to be ready to identify pneumothorax and administer treatment in an efficient manner.
The purpose of this project was to develop a hands on automated system for training. The system was based on a commercially available manual simulator with a hand pump. Automation was incorporated for filling of the air bag which simulated the trapped air of pneumothorax. Visual indications were presented to the user to show what state of training the simulator was in. This automated system reduced the fatigue factor, and improved the efficiency of the simulator for training trials by 60%. The automated system allowed for more trials to be performed in a given amount of time, with feedback given to the user so the trainee could be assured they were performing the treatment procedure correctly.
Experimental Investigation on Particle Deposition Patterns From Turbulent Pipe Flow
Authors: Dai Y. , Khan T. S. , Alshehhi M. S. , Khezzar L. 
Published: March 2016

This paper reports an experimental study on sand particles deposition pattern in a horizontal circular pipe for several air flow rates and particle - air volumetric loading ratios. The experiments are conducted in a horizontal circular pipe with air - sand particles flow to simulate the solid particles movement in turbulent flow. A 50 mm diameter pipe was used in the current study while the averaged sand particles size used is around 100 μm. The particles are injected into the fully developed turbulent air flow. Digital cameras are used to capture the images of scaled test sections. The time dependent deposition layer properties including the geometry of deposition layers and the agglomeration pitch are studied. Hence, the average velocity of dune movement could also be calculated.
The experimental results show that, in general, the deposition layer is continuous near the injection point, while small agglomerates are observed at the remote end. For the low air flow rate, striped-like dunes were found near injection point. For relatively higher air flow rates, the dunes became longer in size. Similarly, the length of agglomerates increased and the area fraction occupied by the agglomerates increased. Small aggregates are re-entrained from the frontal dunes of the deposition layer, and new agglomerates were gradually formed behind the next dune. The free flight length of solid particles for a range of air flow rates with different solid loading ratios was studied. It is found that for a given solid loading ratio, decreasing air velocity decreased the free-flight length of particles.
Applying Transient Analysis to Estimate Fail Safe Operating Time of Heating Coils in LNG Plant
Authors: Ahamad Sultan , Vallavanatt Rimon , Izadi Mahmood 
Published: March 2016

A semi-analytical method is proposed in this study to estimate tube wall temperature versus time for Waste Heat Recovery Units (WHRU) and fired heaters in a typical LNG plant. The results are used to estimate Safety Time to avoid failure of tubes. Safety time estimation is crucial for control loop design of equipment in the operating plant. Two case studies are presented based on real control loop design data for an LNG plant. The results show that for both case studies, process safety time for control loop is less than the tubes safety time. Therefore the control system is capable of safely stopping the equipment from operation without tube failure or degrading of the process fluid.
The proposed semi-analytical method is capable of calculating the Safety Time for WHRUs and fired heaters in an economical way while the method offers a reasonable accuracy due to its analytical nature. The proposed method can be used in Fundamental Engineering and Evaluation Designs (FEEDs), Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOPs) and Hazard Identification (HAZID) studies for LNG plants and power plants.
An Exergy-Based Analysis of Temperature Profiles for an Over-Pressure Reflow Oven Technology
Authors: Esfandyari Alireza , Syed-Khaja Aarief , Landskrone Torben , Franke Joerg 
Published: March 2016

In electronics assembly, the convection based soldering technologies in the production lines consumes massive resources and energy. The recent advancements in soldering technologies consume comparatively higher resources and needs to be optimized for resource efficient production which is also the motivation for the present work. This study is devoted to quantify the resource consumption and qualify this consumption through exergy flows in an over-pressure reflow technology as an energy intensive process in electronics manufacturing.
The analysis implies on a big saving potential for energy consumption specifically during the over-pressure process which also defines the void reduction quality of solder joints. Exergy efficiency is the fraction of the work potential of the heat that is converted to work, and it illustrates the quality of consumed resources during the soldering oven process. Shortening the production lead-time, and increasing the production rate increase the efficiency of exergy and prevents wastage of usable energy. Furthermore, the set-up improvements for the temperature profiles are necessary, and the changes toward developing new technologies in pre-heating and over-pressure chamber zones are mandatory if a high efficiency of resources used is expected.
Intelligent Mobility Cane for People Who are Blind and Deaf-Blind: A Multidisciplinary Design Project That Assists People With Disabilities
Authors: Iglesias Victoria Patricia , Behm Gary , Oh Tae 
Published: March 2016

Vision loss knows no boundaries; it can affect anyone, of any age, income level, race, or ethnic background, at any time. Regardless of the level of visual impairment, vision loss can impact a person’s life and their ability to complete everyday tasks. One of the greatest challenges that a blind or deaf blind person faces is the ability to navigate safely and independently through the physical world. Traveling with little or no vision at all can be challenged and inaccessible, limiting the ability to work, go to school, take care of personal needs, or socialize with others.
The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss a multidisciplinary project to design and build a low cost, light weight “Intelligent Mobility Cane” prototype that will aid deaf-blind and blind persons in navigating surroundings via real-time tactile and directional force feedback and guidance. The system is designed for providing information about a physical surrounding environment to a user. The solution developed by the team is a handle that attaches to a white cane and provides directional feedback to the user using a roller assembly. The roller assembly uses four bearings that rotate in one direction or another to indicate the direction the user should move to avoid obstacles. A vibration motor with different patterns of vibration is also embedded in the handle to warn about objects at upfront. The ultra-sonic sensors are used to convey the information of the environment to the handle itself. The finished cane physically resembles a conventional cane therefore allowing the user to still be able to sweep the cane, tap and feel the ground. To evaluate the performance and usability of the designed handle, the authors visited Association of Blind and Visual Impaired Association, where they formed a group of blind and deaf-blind evaluators. The result of the evaluations was positive and several suggestions were shared by the group to improve the cane.
Resistance Welding Process Development and Optimization for Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Authors: Baumann Peter F. , Sendrowski Lucas 
Published: March 2016

Large recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) structural members, difficult to manufacture by extrusion processes, have been created by the hot plate welding of simple plastic lumber sections. Hot plate welding generates better joint strength than any other welding method currently employed in plastic manufacturing. However, to achieve the desired temperature of the thick plate to melt the polymer uniformly, the process needs a high amount of heat energy requiring furnace (or resistance) heating of a considerable mass. A new method which could combine the heating element and a thin plate into one source could be more efficient in terms of heat loss and thus energy used. The premise of this investigation is to replace the hot plate with a very thin piece of high resistance nickel-chromium alloy ribbon to localize the application of heat within a plastic weld joint in order to reduce energy loss and its associated costs. This resistance ribbon method uses electrical current to reach an adequate temperature to allow for the welding of the HDPE plastic. The ribbon is only slightly larger than the welding surface and very thin to reduce the loss of excess heat through unused surface area and thick sides.
The purpose of this project was to weld recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using resistance welding and to match the tensile strength results considered acceptable in industry for hot plate welding, that is, equal to or greater than 80% of the base material strength. Information obtained through literature review and previous investigations in our laboratories established welding (heating) temperature and time as testing factors. Designed experimentation considered these factors in optimizing the process to maximize the weld tensile strength. A wide-ranging full-factorial experimental design using many levels was created for the initial testing plan. Tensile strengths obtained after welding under the various condition combinations of weld temperature and time revealed a region of higher strength values in the response surface. After the wide-range initial testing, the two control parameters, heating temperature and heating time, were ultimately set up in a focused Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Response Surface Method (RSM) testing design and the tensile strength response was then analyzed using statistical software. The results obtained indicated a strong correlation between heating time and heating temperature with strength. All welded samples in the final testing set exhibited tensile strength of over 90% base material, meeting the goal requirements. A full quadratic equation relationship for tensile strength as a function of welding time and temperature was developed and the maximum tensile strength was achieved when using 280°C for 60 seconds.
Application-Based Methodology for Assessment of Flow Boiling Correlations in Microfin Tubes
Authors: Merchant Reem , Mehendale Sunil S. 
Published: March 2016

The high flow boiling heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) and comparatively low pressure drop of microfin tubes make them suited to meet the ever-increasing energy efficiencies and burgeoning raw material costs of HVAC & R systems. Since the late 1980s, many empirical or semi-empirical correlations have been proposed to predict the in-tube boiling HTC for microfin tubes. A vast number of experimental studies have also been published for microfin tubes under different operating conditions with different refrigerants. However, due to the complex behavior of two-phase flows, it has been observed that no single correlation can predict the flow boiling HTC reasonably for the entire spectrum of geometric and operating parameters.
The objective of the current study is to develop and provide researchers and practicing engineers with a predictive tool that will help them select the most accurate flow boiling HTC correlation for any practical HVAC & R application. Six popular and widely used correlations have been selected for investigation, which include Yu et al. [1], Thome et al. (as cited in [2]), Cavallini et al. [3], Yun et al. [4], and Chamra and Mago [5] and Wu et al. [6]. Each correlation has been carefully and critically assessed to discover its strengths, weaknesses and applicability to practical situations. In general, for tubes with root diameters greater than 5 mm, Thome et al. [2] and Cavallini et al. [3] predict the flow boiling HTC very well for CO2 and halogenated refrigerants respectively. For tubes with root diameters less than 5 mm, Wu et al. [6] is recommended. However, these recommendations can and do change with an alteration in flow or geometric parameters. Hence a tool is needed to measure the applicability of these correlations. The extensive experimental database collected for this research includes 1636 data points taken from 22 published articles. This wide-ranging database contains experimental points that incorporate all of the geometric and operating conditions that are used in the air-conditioning industry today. Traditionally, experimentation has been the principal means of ascertaining the HTC of microfin tubes. However, such testing is very costly and time consuming. The innovative numerical methodology developed in this work provides the practitioner with a tool to quantify the performance of a correlation for a specific application. This approach has been tested by the authors for several experimental points that span the entire range of real-world geometric and operating parameters. The use of this novel numerical procedure will save the HVAC & R industry significant experimental time and cost.