bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGONUCLEOTIDIC COMPOUNDS PART 56, SYNTHESIS AND CD‐SPECTRUM OF 5‐(ADENIN‐9‐YL)‐2‐(ADENOSIN‐5′‐YLOXY)‐2‐OXO‐1,3,2‐DIOXA‐PHOSPHORINANE (ADENOSINE 5′‐PHOSPHATE 9‐(1′,3′‐DIHYDROXY‐2′‐PROPYL)ADENINE 1′,3′‐CYCLIC ESTER)
Authors: MIKHAILOV S. N. , SMRT J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Titelverbindung (IVb) erfolgt durch Umsetzung der Komponenten (I) und (II) (als Pyridiniumsalz) in Gegenwart des Reagenzes (III) und Desacylierung (methanolisches Ammoniak) der gebildeten Verbindung (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: LIGNANS PART 12, SYNTHESES OF ISOSIKKIMOTOXIN AND EPIISOSIKKIMOTOXIN, ISOMERS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING LIGNAN SIKKIMOTOXIN
Authors: WAGH A. P. , KULKARNI A. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Carbonsäure (III) reagiert mit Formaldehyd (II) je nach Reaktantenverhältnis zu den Verbindungen (I), (IV) oder (V)′[daneben (I) und (IV)].
Fatty Liver, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Relationships With Increase in Coronary Artery Calcium Over Time
Authors: Sung Ki‐Chul , Ryu Seungho , Lee Jong‐Young , Lee Sung Ho , Cheong Eun Sun , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity frequently coexist with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but it is uncertain whether these risk factors for vascular disease contribute to a change in atherosclerosis over time, independently of DM status.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the combination of fatty liver, IR, and obesity would be associated with an increase in coronary artery calcium (CAC) score over time, independently of DM status, other cardiovascular risk factors, and medications.MethodsData were analyzed from a South Korean occupational cohort of 2175 people. The outcome was increase in cardiac computed tomography CAC score between baseline and follow‐up. Insulin resistance was defined by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) ≥75th percentile and fatty liver by ultrasound.ResultsIn 592 (27.2%) participants, CAC score increased from baseline (mean ± SD; mean age at baseline, 44.8 ± 5.5 years); and in 1583 subjects, CAC did not change or improved during follow‐up (mean age, 41.6 ± 5.6 years). Diabetes mellitus, HOMA‐IR, fatty liver, and obesity prevalence were all higher (all P < 0.001) in participants whose CAC score increased from baseline. Adjusting for DM and potential confounders, the combination of IR, obesity, and fatty liver was independently associated with increase in CAC score over time (hazard ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.50‐4.03).ConclusionsThe combination of fatty liver, IR, and obesity is associated with progression of atherosclerosis over time independently of DM, cardiovascular risk factors, and all medications for cardiovascular disease and DM.
Effects of High Salt Intake on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of COX Inhibitors
Authors: Chrysant Steven G. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTSodium has a bidirectional effect on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). High sodium intake increases both BP and CVD, whereas low sodium intake decreases them. The significance of this association has been debated for years, mostly due to the inconsistency of data, but recently it has been revived due to new evidence about the harmful effects of sodium. Recent studies have indicated that high sodium intake was associated with an increase in BP and CVD, which in 2010 was estimated to have accounted for 1.65 million deaths worldwide. Based on this evidence, the American Heart Association has issued a Science Advisory statement regarding the significance of high sodium intake in relation to the incidence of hypertension and CVD. In addition to high sodium intake, experimental studies have shown that the coadministration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs further aggravates the harmful effects of high sodium intake. The interrelationship of high sodium intake and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs will be discussed in this commentary.
Evaluation and Elucidation of DNA‐Containing Viologen Dendrimer Complex Formation
Authors: Bongard Dirk , Degefa Tesfaye Hailu , Schön Peter , Giese Maria , Brandt Roland , Walder Lorenz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe syntheses of a tetracationic viologen and polycationic viologen dendrimers are described in this report. These water‐soluble viologen dendrimers, the tetracationic viologen, and their DNA‐containing complexes have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy with respect to their stability and effectiveness as possible transfection systems. The appearance of a negative potential shift and the loss of current in the cyclovoltammograms of viologen dendriplexes have been attributed to DNA/dendrimer complex formation. Oligomers of viologen with at least 4 positive charges are required for the formation of a primary DNA‐viologen complex. The dynamics of the formation of a secondary complex was observed and studied by cyclic voltammetry. AFM measurements together with molecular modeling support the electrochemical results and show two different aggregates of the dendriplexes on gold.
Sensorimotor dysfunction after limb fracture – An exploratory study
Authors: Hall J. , Llewellyn A. , Palmer S. , Rowett‐Harris J. , Atkins R.M. , McCabe C.S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is often associated with sensorimotor dysfunction but little is known about the early impact of limb fracture on sensory and motor performance. This exploratory study sought to assess these changes in patients with recent wrist and ankle fractures. A secondary aim was to determine the incidence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and its clinical features.MethodsFifty‐three patients at a UK fracture centre underwent Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), Motor Imagery (MI) and Body Perception Disturbance (BPD) assessments ≤5 weeks post‐fracture (Time 1). Subjective evaluation of recovery and clinical examination for CRPS was conducted 5 weeks later (Time 2, 50 patients). Patient‐reported outcomes of pain, psychological distress and limb function were collected at Times 1 and 2, and 6 months after T1 (Time 3, 36 patients, postal questionnaire).ResultsQuantitative sensory testing at Time 1 demonstrated cold and pressure‐pain hyperalgesia in the fractured limb compared to the non‐fractured side (p < 0.05). Imagined movements were reported as significantly more difficult to perform on the fractured side (p < 0.001). There was evidence of BPD in the fractured limb, similar to that found in CRPS. The incidence of CRPS was 9.4%; however, individual signs and symptoms of the condition were commonly present (70% reported ≥ one symptom). Only 33% of patients reported to being ‘back to normal’ 6 months after fracture with 34% reporting ongoing pain.ConclusionsLimb fracture is associated with changes in pain perceptions, motor planning, and disruption to body perception. Signs and symptoms of CRPS, ongoing pain and delayed recovery post‐fracture are common.What does this study add?In the immediate post‐fracture period: Body perception disturbance is reported in the fractured limb. Imagined movements of the fractured limb are less vivid and associated with painThis study contributes to the incidence literature on CRPS.
Non‐invasive Analyte Access and Sensing through Eccrine Sweat: Challenges and Outlook circa 2016
Authors: Heikenfeld Jason 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite the many ergonomic advantages of eccrine perspiration (sweat) compared to other possible biofluids (particularly in “wearable” devices), sweat remains an underrepresented source of biomarker analytes compared to the established biofluids blood, urine, and saliva. Upon closer comparison to other non‐invasive biofluids, the advantages may even extend beyond ergonomics: sweat might provide superior analyte information. A number of challenges, however, have historically kept sweat from its place in the pantheon of clinical samples. These challenges include very low sample volumes (nL to µL), unknown concentration due to evaporation, filtration and dilution of large analytes, mixing of old and new sweat, and the potential for contamination from the skin surface. More recently, rapid progress in “wearable” sweat sampling and sensing devices has resolved several of the historical challenges. However, this recent progress has also been limited to high concentration analytes (µM to mM) sampled at high sweat rates (>1 nL/min/gland, e.g. athletics). Progress will be much more challenging as sweat biosensing moves towards use with sedentary users (low sweat rates or not sweating at all) and/or towards low concentration analytes (pM to nM). Addressing these unresolved challenges will require significant advances in sweat stimulation, sample collection efficiency, compact sensors, and likely more. Fortunately, none of the remaining challenges appear to be fundamentally blocking, and scientific and engineering innovations have the opportunity to enable broader application of sweat biosensing technology.
Accurate design‐oriented simulation‐driven modeling of miniaturized microwave structures
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bekasiewicz Adrian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryOne of the important prerequisites for efficient design optimization of microwave structures is availability of fast yet reliable replacement models (surrogates) so that multiple evaluations of the structure at hand can be executed in reasonable timeframe. Direct utilization of full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations for handling optimization‐related tasks is often prohibitive. A popular approach to construction of fast surrogates is data‐driven modeling. Unfortunately, it normally requires a large number of training samples, and it is virtually infeasible for structures that exhibit highly nonlinear responses (e.g. filters or couplers). In this work, a design‐oriented modeling technique is proposed where good accuracy is achieved by careful non‐uniform design space sampling that accounts for nonlinear relationship between the operating frequency of the structure and its geometry parameters, as well as carrying out the modeling process only for selected characteristic points of the structure responses (those that determine satisfaction/violation of given design specifications). Our approach is demonstrated using a miniaturized microstrip rat‐race coupler modeled in a wide range of geometry parameters and compared to conventional data‐driven modeling using kriging interpolation. Design optimization examples are also provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐high‐resolution 1058‐ppi OLED displays with 2.78‐in size using CAAC‐IGZO FETs with tandem OLED device and single OLED device
Authors: Yokoyama Kohei , Hirasa Shinichi , Miyairi Noriko , Dozen Yoshitaka , Sasaki Toshiki , Jimbo Yasuhiro , Toyotaka Kouhei , Kaneyasu Makoto , Miyake Hiroyuki , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakada Masataka , Sato Takahiro , Goto Naoto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe fabricated new 2.78‐in 1058‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. The displays used OLED devices with a tandem structure and a single structure and a field effect transistor (FET) using c‐axis aligned crystalline In–Ga–Zn–O (CAAC‐IGZO) for an active layer and employing the 1.5‐µm rule over a glass substrate. Even in the displays with such high resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, crosstalk that was observed in the lower luminance region was suppressed. The displays achieved high color reproducibility and reduced viewing angle dependence.
Is balloon kyphoplasty safe and effective for cancer‐related vertebral compression fractures with posterior vertebral body wall defects?
Authors: Molloy Sean , Sewell Mathew D. , Platinum Johnson , Patel Anand , Selvadurai Susanne , Hargunani Rikin , Kyriakou Charalampia 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesBalloon kyphoplasty (BKP) is a percutaneous treatment for cancer‐related vertebral compression fractures (VCF). Posterior vertebral body wall (PVBW) involvement is considered a contraindication for BKP. This study assesses whether BKP is safe and effective for cancer‐related VCFs involving the PVBW.MethodsThis study analyzed data on 158 patients with 228 cancer‐related VCFs who underwent BKP. One hundred and twelve patients had VCFs with PVBW defects, and 46 had VCFs with no PVBW defect. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 3 months.ResultsIn the PVBW defect group, mean pain score decreased from 7.5 to 3.6 (P < 0.001), EQ5D increased from 0.39 to 0.48 and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) decreased from 50 to 42. Cement leaks occurred in 31%. In the PVBW intact group, mean pain decreased from 7.3 to 3.3 (P < 0.001), EQ5D increased from 0.35 to 0.48 (P < 0.001), and ODI decreased from 53 to 50. Cement leaks occurred in 20%. No significant difference was observed in functional improvements between groups. Radiographically kyphotic angle and anterior and middle vertebral body heights were significantly worse in the PVBW defect group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBKP can alleviate pain and improve QoL and function in patients with cancer‐related VCFs with PVBW defects with no appreciable increase in risk. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:835–842. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Ecological and Financial Impact of Soil Erosion and its Control – A Case Study from the Semiarid Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Schmiedel Ute , Kruspe Michael , Kayser Lynn , Oettlé Noel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe analysed the extent of ecological damage of gully and inter‐gully erosion in a sub‐catchment situated in the drylands (300 mm yr−1) of the winter rainfall area of South Africa where small‐stock farming on rangeland is the main source of income. We applied low‐cost measures to revegetate the bare sites of the inter‐gully erosion and stabilised gully erosion by loosening soil surfaces and applying geotextile and constructing check dams to reverse gully erosion. We compared vegetation cover, silt accumulation and penetration resistance of the soil upslope of the check dams with the situation downslope of the check dams and untreated gullies as controls. For the treated bare patches, we compared penetration resistance and vegetation cover with untreated controls. Two years after implementation, the restoration measures resulted in increased soil depth and vegetation cover upslope of the check dams and increased vegetation cover on the treated bare patches. We calculated the net present value of the restoration measures based on the financial benefit that a landowner can realistically expect under current economic and governance conditions (i.e. payment for additional livestock and for C sequestration). At the current rates of return for livestock production or carbon sequestration over a 20‐year period, rehabilitation of this sort is not financially feasible for private landowners. Either the current payment for carbon sequestration would have to be increased by a magnitude of 40–80, or restoration measures would have to be funded by the public or private sector to make them financially viable for landowners. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypertrichotic Becker's nevi treated with combination 1,550 nm non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis and laser hair removal
Authors: Balaraman Brundha , Friedman Paul M. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe removal of Becker's nevi poses a significant challenge due to limited available therapeutic options and increased risk of adverse effects, including scarring and dyspigmentation. Herein, we present the use of the non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis in combination with laser hair removal for the treatment of hypertrichotic Becker's nevi.MethodRetrospective analysis of three patients with Becker's nevi revealed that two patients with hypertrichotic Becker's nevi had greater than 75% clearance with combination therapy, and one patient with atrichotic Becker's nevus had a similar result with monotherapy non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis.ConclusionThis report demonstrates the utility and safety of combination non‐ablative fractional resurfacing and laser hair removal for the treatment of hypertrichotic Becker's nevi, and monotherapy non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis for atrichotic Becker's nevi. Further comparative studies are necessary to determine optimal laser parameters, treatment schedules, and response duration. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:350–353, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(l‐Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta‐Cyclodextrin‐Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Lee Jung Bok , Kim Ji Eun , Balikov Daniel A. , Bae Min Soo , Heo Dong Nyoung , Lee Donghyun , Rim Hyun Joon , Lee Deok‐Won , Sung Hak‐Joon , Kwon Il Keun 
Published: March 2016

Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. In this study, poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano‐hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. Simvastatin (SIM), which is known to promote osteoblast viability and differentiation, is loaded into the remaining βCD. The specimen morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The scaffolds are then implanted into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for bone formation after four and eight weeks. These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp‐(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. This suggests the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering.
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Phase unwrapping with graph cuts optimization and dual decomposition acceleration for 3D high‐resolution MRI data
Authors: Dong Jianwu , Chen Feng , Zhou Dong , Liu Tian , Yu Zhaofei , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2016

PurposeExistence of low SNR regions and rapid‐phase variations pose challenges to spatial phase unwrapping algorithms. Global optimization‐based phase unwrapping methods are widely used, but are significantly slower than greedy methods. In this paper, dual decomposition acceleration is introduced to speed up a three‐dimensional graph cut–based phase unwrapping algorithm.MethodsThe phase unwrapping problem is formulated as a global discrete energy minimization problem, whereas the technique of dual decomposition is used to increase the computational efficiency by splitting the full problem into overlapping subproblems and enforcing the congruence of overlapping variables. Using three dimensional (3D) multiecho gradient echo images from an agarose phantom and five brain hemorrhage patients, we compared this proposed method with an unaccelerated graph cut–based method.ResultsExperimental results show up to 18‐fold acceleration in computation time.ConclusionsDual decomposition significantly improves the computational efficiency of 3D graph cut–based phase unwrapping algorithms. Magn Reson Med 77:1353–1358, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Macromolecular design and application using Mn2(CO)10‐based visible light photoinitiating systems
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe environmentally friendly Mn2(CO)10‐based visible light photoinitiating system is a powerful method for the preparation of linear and crosslinked polymeric structures. From a practical point of view, the most important feature of this initiating system is its optical characteristics in the visible range with high quantum yield and good solubility properties. This photoinitiating system is applicable for a variety of monomers that can be polymerized via either radical or cationic mechanisms. Various complex macromolecular structures such as telechelic polymers, block and graft copolymers, polymer networks and surface modifications can be simply prepared by using halogenated precursors. This photoinitiating system is also combined with controlled radical polymerization techniques providing a mild and efficient method for polymer synthesis. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
New mud turtles (Kinosternidae,Kinosternon) from the middle–late Miocene of the United States
Authors: Bourque Jason R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKinosternonSpix, 1824, was widespread in xeric to savanna associated paleowetlands across North America during the middle–late Miocene and steadily diversified following its first occurrences in the Hemingfordian. In the middle Miocene,Kinosternon rinconn. sp. occurred in the late Barstovian Cerro Conejo Formation of north central New Mexico, perhaps concurrently withKinosternon pojoaqueBourque 2012a from the Tesuque Formation. Subsequent late Miocene kinosternine fossils indicate that at least three potentially contemporaneous species existed throughout the Clarendonian. These areKinosternon pannekollopsn. sp., from the Ogallala Formation of northern Texas;Kinosternon wakeeniense, n. sp., from the Ogallala Formation of northwestern Kansas and Ash Hollow Formation of south-central Nebraska; andKinosternon notolophusn. sp., from the Alachua and Statenville formations of northern Florida.Kinosternon rinconis phylogenetically nested between theKinosternon flavescens(Agassiz, 1857) group (=PlatythyraAgassiz, 1857) and more derivedKinosternonincluding theKinosternon subrubrum(Lacépède, 1788) group (=ThyrosternumAgassiz, 1857).Kinosternon pannekollopsis recovered on the stem of theK.subrubrumgroup and is the oldest and largest member of that lineage.Kinosternon notolophusis readily differentiated from other MioceneKinosternonin possessing a distinct dorsomedial keel on the nuchal and faint dorsolateral costal carination. TheK.subrubrumgroup probably originated in the late Miocene savannas of the Great Plains and dispersed eastward via the Gulf Coastal Plain. An unnamed kinosternine taxon existed in the coastal plains of the eastern and southeastern United States during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (with fossils from ~18 to 15 Ma), and disappeared from the region coincident with the end of that megathermal event.