bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children ‐ Second Edition at 4 years, for motor impairment at 8 years in children born preterm
Authors: Griffiths Alison , Morgan Prue , Anderson Peter J , Doyle Lex W , Lee Katherine J , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: January 2017

AimTo assess the predictive validity at 4 years of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children ‐ Second Edition (MABC‐2) for motor impairment at 8 years in children born preterm. We also aimed to determine if sex, cognition, medical, or social risks were associated with motor impairment at 8 years or with a change in MABC‐2 score between 4 years and 8 years.MethodNinety‐six children born at less than 30 weeks’ gestation were assessed with the MABC‐2 at 4 years and 8 years of age. Motor impairment was defined as less than or equal to the 5th centile. The Differential Ability Scales ‐ Second Edition (DAS‐II) was used to measure General Conceptual Ability (GCA) at 4 years, with a score <90 defined as ‘below average’.ResultsThere was a strong association between the MABC‐2 total standard scores at 4 years and 8 years (59% variance explained, regression coefficient=0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.91, p<0.001). The MABC‐2 at 4 years had high sensitivity (79%) and specificity (93%) for predicting motor impairment at 8 years. Below average cognition and higher medical risk were associated with increased odds of motor impairment at 8 years (odds ratio [OR]=15.3, 95% CI 4.19–55.8, p<0.001, and OR=3.77, 95% CI 1.28–11.1, p=0.016 respectively). Sex and social risk did not appear to be associated with motor impairment at 8 years. There was little evidence that any variables were related to change in MABC‐2 score between 4 years and 8 years.InterpretationThe MABC‐2 at 4 years is predictive of motor functioning in middle childhood. Below average cognition and higher medical risk may be predictors of motor impairment.
Current standards of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe
Authors: Vogt Viola Lara , Äikiä Marja , del Barrio Antonio , Boon Paul , Borbély Csaba , Bran Ema , Braun Kees , Carette Evelien , Clark Maria , Cross Judith Helen , Dimova Petia , Fabo Daniel , Foroglou Nikolaos , Francione Stefano , Gersamia Anna , Gil‐Nagel Antonio , Guekht Alla , Harrison Sue , Hecimovic Hrvoje , Heminghyt Einar , Hirsch Edouard , Javurkova Alena , Kälviäinen Reetta , Kavan Nicole , Kelemen Anna , Kimiskidis Vasilios K. , Kirschner Margarita , Kleitz Catherine , Kobulashvili Teia , Kosmidis Mary H. , Kurtish Selin Yagci , Lesourd Mathieu , Ljunggren Sofia , Lossius Morten Ingvar , Malmgren Kristina , Mameniskiené Ruta , Martin‐Sanfilippo Patricia , Marusic Petr , Miatton Marijke , Özkara Çiğdem , Pelle Federica , Rubboli Guido , Rudebeck Sarah , Ryvlin Philippe , van Schooneveld Monique , Schmid Elisabeth , Schmidt Pia‐Magdalena , Seeck Margitta , Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Shavel‐Jessop Sara , Tarta‐Arsene Oana , Trinka Eugen , Viggedal Gerd , Wendling Anne‐Sophie , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Helmstaedter Christoph ,   the E‐PILEPSY consortium
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe explored the current practice with respect to the neuropsychological assessment of surgical epilepsy patients in European epilepsy centers, with the aim of harmonizing and establishing common standards. Twenty‐six epilepsy centers and members of “E‐PILEPSY” (a European pilot network of reference centers in refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery), were asked to report the status of neuropsychological assessment in adults and children via two different surveys. There was a consensus among these centers regarding the role of neuropsychology in the presurgical workup. Strong agreement was found on indications (localization, epileptic dysfunctions, adverse drugs effects, and postoperative monitoring) and the domains to be evaluated (memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuospatial skills, intelligence, depression, anxiety, and quality of life). Although 186 different tests are in use throughout these European centers, a core group of tests reflecting a moderate level of agreement could be discerned. Variability exists with regard to indications, protocols, and paradigms for the assessment of hemispheric language dominance. For the tests in use, little published evidence of clinical validity in epilepsy was provided. Participants in the survey reported a need for improvement concerning the validity of the tests, tools for the assessment of everyday functioning and accelerated forgetting, national norms, and test co‐normalization. Based on the present survey, we documented a consensus regarding the indications and principles of neuropsychological testing. Despite the variety of tests in use, the survey indicated that there may be a core set of tests chosen based on experience, as well as on published evidence. By combining these findings with the results of an ongoing systematic literature review, we aim for a battery that can be recommended for the use across epilepsy surgical centers in Europe.
Coronal mode ultrasound guided hemodialysis cannulation: A pilot randomized comparison with standard cannulation technique
Authors: Kumbar Lalathaksha , Soi Vivek , Adams Elizabeth , Brown Deacon Cheryl , Zidan Mohamed , Yee Jerry 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground: Infiltrations from cannulation result in significant morbidity including loss of hemodialysis (HD) vascular access (VA). Cannulation is dependent on personnel skill and VA characteristics. Surface marking of VA lacks real‐time information and traditional ultrasound (US) devices are large, expensive, requiring skilled operators. Sonic Window© (Analogic Ultrasound, Peabody, MA, USA) is a coronal mode ultrasound device (CMUD) approved for VA cannulation.Methods: Single center randomized, prospective pilot study comparing handheld US‐guided cannulation of new arteriovenous fistula (AVF) to standard cannulation practices. Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on in‐center HD who had a new AVF cleared for cannulation and dialysis were enrolled. Patients with new AVF received either standard cannulation (control group) or image guidance using CMUD (study group) for 3 weeks. Ultrasound characteristics of VA, cannulation practices and complications end points were obtained.Results: An infiltration rate of 9.7% was noted during the study. Slightly lower odds ratio (OR) of infiltration was observed in the study group (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.26–3.41, P value = 0.93). Study group yielded longer time for assessment (101.8 ± 80.2 vs. 22.3 ± 22.5 seconds, P = < 0.001), increased cannulation time (41.1 ± 70.6 vs. 25.0 ± 27.9 seconds, P = 0.04), and increased patient satisfaction (94.6% vs. 82%, P = 0.04) compared to control group. Number of cannulation attempts, needle size, arterial or venous needle insertion, and tourniquet usage between groups were not statistically different.Conclusion: Handheld ultrasound is a safe and useful aid in cannulation of dialysis access.
Effects of brown algal phlorotannins and ascorbic acid on the physiochemical properties of minced fish (Pagrosomus major) during freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Li Zhenxing , Mi Nasha , Yuan Fangzhou , Zou Long , Lin Hong , Pavase Tushar 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe quality loss in fish during freeze–thaw cycles is considered one of the major issues caused mainly by temperature fluctuations during cold storage. The present work is aimed to illustrate the effects of brown algal phlorotannins (BAP) and ascorbic acid (AA) on physiochemical properties of minced snapper muscle through different freeze–thaw cycles. Both AA and BAP could retard lipid and protein oxidation, respectively, and synergistically. The Ca2+‐ATPase activity can be protected with the addition of antioxidants. The addition of 0.1% (w/w) AP showed 22.6% higher activity as compared with other groups especially during three freeze–thaw cycles. Cooking loss was efficiently inhibited and 0.1% AA + 0.3% BAP group showed 25.5% lower than control. Antioxidant is also helpful to maintain gel‐forming ability of minced snapper and 0.1% AA + 0.1% BAP group showed the best. These results revealed that both AA and BAP could prevent minced fish by inhibiting the protein denaturation during freeze–thaw cycles.
Effects of storage time on the motility, mortality and calcium levels of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa
Authors: Parodi J. , Guerra G. , Cuevas M. , Ramírez‐Reveco A. , Romero F. 
Published: January 2017

This study estimates spermatozoa mortality, morphology, motility and intracellular calcium levels in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar milt after prolonged storage. Milt samples were preserved at 4° C for 25 days and then evaluated for mortality. Motility remained high for the first 3 days and the mortality was low during the first 5 days of storage.A decrease of >50% in calcium content was observed after 5 days of storage. When spermatozoa were activated, calcium levels increased >200% in relative fluorescence units (RFU); this rate of increase was lost when the samples were stored for extended periods of time and was only partially manifested in a zero calcium solution. The results suggest that in vitro storage of S. salar spermatozoa at 4° C for a period of 3 days preserves motility and limits mortality to levels similar to those of fresh spermatozoa. This method also maintains intracellular calcium storage critical for spermatozoa performance.
Systematic quantification of histological patterns shows accuracy in reflecting cirrhotic remodeling
Authors: Wang Yan , Huang Wei , Li Ruhua , Yun Zhaoqiang , Zhu Youfu , Yang Jinlian , Liu Hailin , Liu Zhipeng , Feng Qianjin , Hou Jinlin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThere still lacks a tool for precisely evaluating cirrhotic remodeling. Histologic distortion characterized in cirrhosis (i.e. cirrhotic patterns) has a validated pathophysiological meaning and potential relevance to clinical complications. We aimed to establish a new tool to quantify the cirrhotic patterns and test it for reflecting the cirrhotic remodeling.MethodsWe designed a computerized algorithm, named qCP, dedicated for the analysis of liver images acquired by second harmonic microscopy. We evaluated its measurement by using a cohort of 95 biopsies (Ishak staging F4/5/6 = 33/35/27) of chronic hepatitis B and a carbon tetrachloride‐intoxicated rat model for simulating the bidirectional cirrhotic change.ResultsQCP can characterize 14 histological cirrhosis parameters involving the nodules, septa, sinusoid, and vessels. For chronic hepatitis B biopsies, the mean overall intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement was 0.94 ± 0.08 and 0.93 ± 0.09, respectively. The robustness in resisting sample adequacy‐related scoring error was demonstrated. The proportionate areas of total (collagen proportionate area), septal (septal collagen proportionate area [SPA]), sinusoidal, and vessel collagen, nodule area, and nodule density (ND) were associated with Ishak staging (P < 0.01 for all). But only ND and SPA were independently associated (P ≤ 0.001 for both). A histological cirrhosis parameters‐composed qCP‐index demonstrated an excellent accuracy in quantitatively diagnosing evolving cirrhosis (areas under receiver operating characteristic curves 0.95–0.92; sensitivity 0.93–0.82; specificity 0.94–0.85). In the rat model, changes in collagen proportionate area, SPA, and ND had strong correlations with both cirrhosis progression and regression and faithfully characterized the histological evolution.ConclusionsQCP preliminarily demonstrates potential for quantitating cirrhotic remodeling with high resolution and accuracy. Further validation with in‐study cohorts and multiple‐etiologies is warranted.
Asbestos fibres detected by scanning electron microscopy in the gallbladder of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)
Authors: GROSSO F. , CROCE A. , TRINCHERI N.F. , MARIANI N. , LIBENER R. , DEGIOVANNI D. , RINAUDO C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryGallbladders from patients affected by both malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and important gallbladder disorders were analyzed to verify the presence of asbestos fibres. Histological thin sections were analyzed by optical microscope and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, allowing morphological and chemical characterization of each inorganic phase observed. Fibres of chrysotile and crocidolite, minerals regulated as asbestos, were identified. By immunohistochemical analysis, connective tissue was recognized as the incorporation site. These findings confirm that asbestos fibres can reach the gallbladders of patients with MPM, for whom the development of respiratory diseases confirms asbestos exposure.
Intergenerational Contact in Chinese Families: Structural and Cultural Explanations
Authors: Gruijters Rob J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough the determinants of intergenerational contact have been well documented in Western countries, we know virtually nothing about the situation in China, a country that has recently experienced unprecedented socioeconomic and demographic change. This study analyzed the frequency of (a) visits and (b) other contact (phone, text message, etc.) in a representative sample of 16,715 adult child–parent dyads, focusing in particular on the role of migration as well as children's gender, marital status, and education level. Adult children generally maintained intensive social relations with parents, although distance was a major barrier to face‐to‐face contact. Sons visited more often than daughters, but daughters were more likely to stay in touch by other means. Moreover, the strength of parent–daughter ties was strongly dependent on education level. These findings suggest that women's empowerment and the spread of mobile technology have created new opportunities for intergenerational solidarity.
Dietary integration with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil improves growth rate and oxidative status in outdoor‐reared, but not indoor‐reared, pigs
Authors: Forte C. , Ranucci D. , Beghelli D. , Branciari R. , Acuti G. , Todini L. , Cavallucci C. , Trabalza‐Marinucci M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe effects of a diet supplemented with oregano essential oil on performance, oxidative status, pork quality traits and sensorial properties were evaluated. In two studies, 72 pigs in indoor or outdoor conditions were assigned to either a control diet or an identical diet supplemented with 0.2% oregano essential oil. Pigs reared outdoor showed lower live weight, average daily gain and average gain:feed ratio compared to indoor pigs. The oregano supplementation improved the growth performance of the outdoor‐ but not the indoor‐reared animals. The serum oxidative status was influenced by the diet. A higher oxidative stability was observed in the oregano‐supplemented groups. As for the rearing conditions, the data suggest that after an initial adapting period, the free‐range farming systems could be better tolerated by pigs. Meat derived from pigs reared outdoor showed higher pH and a* values. Lightness was influenced by both the diet and the rearing conditions. The control group reared indoor showed shear force values higher than both supplemented groups, while no differences were detected with the control group reared outdoor. In the consumer test performed under blind conditions, the oregano groups achieved higher consistency scores compared with the control. Under informed conditions, the meat derived from the oregano‐supplemented pigs reared outdoor received the highest scores for consistency and overall liking regardless of the rearing system. The same result for the overall liking score was obtained in the expectation test. The data obtained showed that dietary oregano essential oil can be effective in reducing performance losses due to the outdoor‐rearing system, increasing the oxidative status of the animal and oxidative stability of the meat, without modifying the meat quality traits and improving consumer perceptions of the meat quality.
The nutrition of poultry as a factor affecting litter quality and foot pad dermatitis – an updated review
Authors: Swiatkiewicz S. , Arczewska‐Wlosek A. , Jozefiak D. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryFoot pad dermatitis (FPD), a condition of inflammation and necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads, is commonly observed in fast‐growing broiler chickens and turkeys. FPD negatively affects the welfare of birds, performance indices and the economic profit of poultry meat production. Nutrition is an important factor affecting water intake, excreta moisture and litter quality and, in this way, the occurrence and intensity of FPD in birds. This article reviews and discusses the recent results published in the literature on the effects of nutritional factors on litter quality and FPD severity in broiler chickens and turkeys. Literature data on the efficacy of nutritional methods on the litter quality and FPD occurrence are not consistent. However, the results of several experiments indicate that the optimal level of crude protein, biotin and electrolytes (Na, K) in the diet, as well as feed additives such as feed enzymes hydrolysating non‐starch polysaccharides and organic sources of microelements (zinc), may reduce the litter moisture as well as FPD incidence and severity in broiler chickens and turkey.
Antioxidant status and expression of inflammatory genes in gut and liver of piglets fed different dietary methionine concentrations
Authors: Zeitz J. O. , Kaltenböck S. , Most E. , Eder K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis study investigated the hypothesis that dietary concentrations of methionine (Met), as a precursor of cysteine which is a constituent of glutathione (GSH), affect tissue antioxidant concentrations and the antioxidant defence system in pigs. Forty‐five piglets (DanZucht × Pietrain) were allotted to three groups of similar mean body weight (11.0 ± 0.9 kg). The basal diet was composed of barley, wheat, corn starch, soybean oil, sucrose, cellulose and a mineral supplement with suboptimal concentrations of Met and was supplemented with dl‐Met to reach 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.24% of dietary Met and 0.40%, 0.44% and 0.48% of dietary Met and cysteine in groups 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 respectively. After 3 weeks, at slaughter, samples of liver, jejunum mucosa and plasma were collected. Feed intake and weight gains increased and feed:gain ratio decreased when dietary Met concentrations increased. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), concentrations of GSH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA‐RS) and the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and jejunum mucosa were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). Relative mRNA concentrations of selected target genes of the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, and of the nuclear factor ‘kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer’ of activated B‐cells (NF‐κB), the master regulator of inflammation, were largely unaffected both in jejunum and liver. In conclusion, inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related pathways on the molecular level, and concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, of antioxidants and of enzymes involved in the antioxidant defence system were mostly unaffected by dietary Met concentration in gut and liver. These findings suggest that suboptimal dietary Met concentrations did not influence the antioxidant defence system of gut and liver in healthy piglets.
Diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with loss of CD206‐positive macrophages in the gastric antrum
Authors: Grover M. , Bernard C. E. , Pasricha P. J. , Parkman H. P. , Gibbons S. J. , Tonascia J. , Koch K. L. , McCallum R. W. , Sarosiek I. , Hasler W. L. , Nguyen L. A. B. , Abell T. L. , Snape W. J. , Kendrick M. L. , Kellogg T. A. , McKenzie T. J. , Hamilton F. A. , Farrugia G. ,   NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC)
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnimal studies have increasingly highlighted the role of macrophages in the development of delayed gastric emptying. However, their role in the pathophysiology of human gastroparesis is unclear. Our aim was to determine changes in macrophages and other cell types in the gastric antrum muscularis propria of patients with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.MethodsFull thickness gastric antrum biopsies were obtained from patients enrolled in the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (11 diabetic, 6 idiopathic) and 5 controls. Immunolabeling and quantitative assessment was done for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) (Kit), enteric nerves protein gene product 9.5, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, tyrosine hydroxylase), overall immune cells (CD45) and anti‐inflammatory macrophages (CD206). Gastric emptying was assessed using nuclear medicine scintigraphy and symptom severity using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index.ResultsBoth diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis patients showed loss of ICC as compared to controls (Mean [standard error of mean]/hpf: diabetic, 2.28 [0.16]; idiopathic, 2.53 [0.47]; controls, 6.05 [0.62]; P=.004). Overall immune cell population (CD45) was unchanged but there was a loss of anti‐inflammatory macrophages (CD206) in circular muscle (diabetic, 3.87 [0.32]; idiopathic, 4.16 [0.52]; controls, 6.59 [1.09]; P=.04) and myenteric plexus (diabetic, 3.83 [0.27]; idiopathic, 3.59 [0.68]; controls, 7.46 [0.51]; P=.004). There was correlation between the number of ICC and CD206‐positive cells (r=.55, P=.008). Enteric nerves (PGP9.5) were unchanged: diabetic, 33.64 (3.45); idiopathic, 41.26 (6.40); controls, 46.80 (6.04).ConclusionLoss of antral CD206‐positive anti‐inflammatory macrophages is a key feature in human gastroparesis and it is associates with ICC loss.
Plastomes on the edge: the evolutionary breakdown of mycoheterotroph plastid genomes
Authors: Graham Sean W. , Lam Vivienne K. Y. , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe examine recent evidence for ratchet‐like genome degradation in mycoheterotrophs, plants that obtain nutrition from fungi. Initial loss of the NADH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex may often set off an irreversible evolutionary cascade of photosynthetic gene losses. Genes for plastid‐encoded subunits of RNA polymerase and photosynthetic enzymes with secondary functions (Rubisco and ATP synthase) can persist initially, with nonsynchronous and quite broad windows in the relative timing of their loss. Delayed losses of five core nonbioenergetic genes (especially trnE and accD, which respectively code for glutamyl tRNA and a subunit of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase) probably explain long‐term persistence of heterotrophic plastomes. The observed range of changes of mycoheterotroph plastomes is similar to that of holoparasites, although greater diversity of both probably remains to be discovered. These patterns of gene loss/retention can inform research programs on plastome function.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Modelling plastid genome degradation in mycoheterotrophs
50

III.
Conclusions: a modified model for plastome degradation, and future research directions
53

Acknowledgements
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References
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