bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of life course socioeconomic position on crystallised cognitive ability in two large UK cohort studies: a structured modelling approach
Authors: Landy Rebecca , Head Jenny , Richards Marcus , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis study systematically compared accumulation, sensitive period, critical period and social mobility models relating life course socioeconomic position (SEP) and adult crystallised cognitive ability, which has not been comprehensively investigated.DesignTwo prospective cohort studies.ParticipantsFive thousand three hundred and sixty-two participants in the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) Birth Cohort Study and 10 308 participants in the Whitehall II Occupational Cohort Study.MeasuresChildhood SEP was measured by father’s occupational SEP, early adulthood SEP by educational qualifications and adult SEP by own occupational SEP. Each life course model was compared with a saturated model.ResultsUsing multiple imputation to account for missing data, the sensitive period model, which contained childhood, early adulthood and adult SEP terms, with different coefficients, provided the best fit for both men and women in the NSHD and Whitehall II cohorts. Early adulthood SEP had the largest coefficient in NSHD women, whereas for NSHD men early adulthood and adult SEP had similar coefficients. In Whitehall II adult SEP had the largest effect size for both men and women.ConclusionsSensitive period with all three time periods was the most appropriate life course models for adult crystallised cognitive ability in both cohorts, including an effect of childhood SEP. It is important to directly compare the life course models to determine which is the most appropriate.
Barriers and facilitators to recruitment of South Asians to health research: a scoping review
Authors: Quay Teo AW , Frimer Leora , Janssen Patricia A , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesPeople of South Asian ethnicity are under-represented in health research studies. The objectives of this scoping review were to examine the barriers and facilitators to recruitment of South Asians to health research studies and to describe strategies for improving recruitment.DesignScoping reviewMethodsUsing the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews, we comprehensively searched electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Studies that identified barriers and facilitators to recruitment, or recruitment strategies for South Asian populations were included. Recruitment barriers, facilitators and strategies were grouped thematically and summarised narratively.SynthesisOf 1846 potentially relevant articles, 15 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the thematic synthesis. Multiple facilitators and barriers to enrolment of South Asians in health research studies were identified; these most commonly related to logistical challenges, language and cultural barriers, concerns about adverse consequences of participating and mistrust of research. Several actionable strategies were discussed, the most common being engagement of South Asian communities, demonstration of cultural competency, provision of incentives and benefits, language sensitivity through the use of translators and translated materials and the development of trust and personal relationships.ConclusionThere is a growing awareness of the barriers and facilitators to recruitment of South Asian participants to health research studies. Knowledge of effective recruitment strategies and implementation during the grant funding stages may reduce the risk of poor recruitment and representation of South Asians.
Hepatitis B vaccination coverage, knowledge and sociodemographic determinants of uptake in high risk public safety workers in Kaduna State, Nigeria: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Ochu Chinwe Lucia , Beynon Caryl M 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate hepatitis B vaccination (HBVc) coverage, and knowledge and sociodemographic determinants of full dose uptake in Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) members, Kaduna State, Nigeria, to inform relevant targeted vaccination policies.DesignA cross sectional survey of FRSC members, Kaduna Sector Command.SettingsSix randomly selected unit commands under Kaduna Sector Command, Kaduna State, Nigeria.ParticipantsA pilot tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was administered to 341 participants aged ≥18 years with ≥6 months of service between 17 June and 22 July 2015. Excluded were FRSC members in road safety 1 zonal command headquarters as the zonal command includes other states beyond the study scope.Primary outcomeHBVc status of participants categorised as ‘not vaccinated’ for uptake of <3 doses and ‘vaccinated’ for uptake of ≥3 doses.AnalysisDescriptive analysis estimated HBVc coverage while logistic regression ascertained associations.ResultsMost participants were men, aged 30–39 years, with 3–10 years of service and of marshal cadre. HBVc coverage was 60.9% for ≥1 dose and 30.5% for ≥3 doses. Less than 47% of participants scored above the mean knowledge score for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HBVc. Female sex (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.52, p<0.05), perceiving there to be an occupational risk of exposure to HBV (AOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 7.70, p<0.001) and increasing HBVc knowledge (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.83 to 3.92, p<0.001) were independent predictors of full dose HBVc in FRSC members, Kaduna Sector Command.ConclusionsHBVc coverage and knowledge were poor among FRSC members, Kaduna Sector Command. Educational intervention, geared towards improving FRSC members’ knowledge of HBVc and perception of risk of occupational exposure to HBV, is recommended for these vulnerable public safety workers. Such enlightenment could be a cheap and easy way of improving HBVc coverage in the study population.
CPR performance in the presence of audiovisual feedback or football shoulder pads
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Rodrigues Wayne , Sotir Susan , Sagisaka Ryo , Tanaka Hideharu 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be complicated by the use of protective equipment in contact sports, and the rate of success in resuscitating the patient depends on the time from incident to start of CPR. The aim of our study was to see if (1) previous training, (2) the presence of audiovisual feedback and (3) the presence of football shoulder pads (FSP) affected the quality of chest compressions.MethodsSix basic life support certified athletic training students (BLS-ATS), six basic life support certified emergency medical service personnel (BLS-EMS) and six advanced cardiac life support certified emergency medical service personnel (ACLS-EMS) participated in a crossover manikin study. A quasi-experimental repeated measures design was used to measure the chest compression depth (cm), rate (cpm), depth accuracy (%) and rate accuracy (%) on four different conditions by using feedback and/or FSP. Real CPR Help manufactured by ZOLL (Chelmsford, Massachusetts, USA) was used for the audiovisual feedback. Three participants from each group performed 2 min of chest compressions at baseline first, followed by compressions with FSP, with feedback and with both FSP and feedback (FSP+feedback). The other three participants from each group performed compressions at baseline first, followed by compressions with FSP+feedback, feedback and FSP.ResultsCPR performance did not differ between the groups at baseline (median (IQR), BLS-ATS: 5.0 (4.4–6.1) cm, 114(96–131) cpm; BLS-EMS: 5.4 (4.1–6.4) cm, 112(99–131) cpm; ACLS-EMS: 6.4 (5.7–6.7) cm, 138(113–140) cpm; depth p=0.10, rate p=0.37). A statistically significant difference in the percentage of depth accuracy was found with feedback (median (IQR), 13.8 (0.9–49.2)% vs 69.6 (32.3–85.8)%; p=0.0002). The rate accuracy was changed from 17.1 (0–80.7)% without feedback to 59.2 (17.3–74.3)% with feedback (p=0.50). The use of feedback was effective for depth accuracy, especially in the BLS-ATS group, regardless of the presence of FSP (median (IQR), 22.0 (7.3–36.2)% vs 71.3 (35.4–86.5)%; p=0.0002).ConclusionsThe use of audiovisual feedback positively affects the quality of the depth of CPR. Both feedback and FSP do not alter the rate measurements. Medically trained personnel are able to deliver the desired depth regardless of the presence of FSP even though shallower chest compressions depth can be seen in CPR with FSP. A feedback device must be introduced into the athletic training settings.
Statistical testing of baseline differences in sports medicine RCTs: a systematic evaluation
Authors: Peterson Ross L , Tran Matthew , Koffel Jonathan , Stovitz Steven D 
Published: June 2017

Background/AimThe CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement discourages reporting statistical tests of baseline differences between groups in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, this practice is still common in many medical fields. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of this practice in leading sports medicine journals.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search in Medline through PubMed to identify RCTs published in the years 2005 and 2015 from 10 high-impact sports medicine journals. Two reviewers independently confirmed the trial design and reached consensus on which articles contained statistical tests of baseline differences.ResultsOur search strategy identified a total of 324 RCTs, with 85 from the year 2005 and 239 from the year 2015. Overall, 64.8% of studies (95% CI (59.6, 70.0)) reported statistical tests of baseline differences; broken down by year, this percentage was 67.1% in 2005 (95% CI (57.1, 77.1)) and 64.0% in 2015 (95% CI (57.9, 70.1)).ConclusionsAlthough discouraged by the CONSORT statement, statistical testing of baseline differences remains highly prevalent in sports medicine RCTs. Statistical testing of baseline differences can mislead authors; for example, by failing to identify meaningful baseline differences in small studies. Journals that ask authors to follow the CONSORT statement guidelines should recognise that many manuscripts are ignoring the recommendation against statistical testing of baseline differences.
Relative contributions from the ventricle and arterial tree to arterial pressure and its amplification: an experimental study
Authors: Gaddum Nicholas , Alastruey Jordi , Chowienczyk Phil , Rutten Marcel C. M. , Segers Patrick , Schaeffter Tobias 
Published: June 2017

Arterial pressure is an important diagnostic parameter for cardiovascular disease. However, relative contributions of individual ventricular and arterial parameters in generating and augmenting pressure are not understood. Using a novel experimental arterial model, our aim was to characterize individual parameter contributions to arterial pressure and its amplification. A piston-driven ventricle provided programmable stroke profiles into various silicone arterial trees and a bovine aorta. Inotropy was varied in the ventricle, and arterial parameters modulated included wall thickness, taper and diameter, the presence of bifurcation, and a native aorta (bovine) versus silicone. Wave reflection at bifurcations was measured and compared with theory, varying parent-to-child tube diameter ratios, and branch angles. Intravascular pressure-tip wires and ultrasonic flow probes measured pressure and flow. Increasing ventricular inotropy independently augmented pressure amplification from 17% to 61% between the lower and higher systolic gradient stroke profiles in the silicone arterial network and from 10% to 32% in the bovine aorta. Amplification increased with presence of a bifurcation, decreasing wall thickness and vessel taper. Pulse pressure increased with increasing wall thickness (stiffness) and taper angle and decreasing diameter. Theoretical predictions of wave transmission through bifurcations werre similar to measurements (correlation: 0.91, R2 = 0.94) but underestimated wave reflection (correlation: 0.75, R2 = 0.94), indicating energy losses during mechanical wave reflection. This study offers the first comprehensive investigation of contributors to hypertensive pressure and its propagation throughout the arterial tree. Importantly, ventricular inotropy plays a crucial role in the amplification of peripheral pressure wave, which offers opportunity for noninvasive assessment of ventricular health. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study distinguishes contributions from cardiac and arterial parameters to elevated blood pressure and pressure amplification. Most importantly, it offers the first evidence that ventricular inotropy, an indicator of ventricular function, is an independent determinant of pressure amplification and could be measured with such established devices such as the SphygmoCor.
Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
Authors: Ruella Marco , Klichinsky Michael , Kenderian Saad S. , Shestova Olga , Ziober Amy , Kraft Daniel O. , Feldman Michael , Wasik Mariusz A. , June Carl H. , Gill Saar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Patients with otherwise treatment-resistant Hodgkin lymphoma could benefit from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy. However, Hodgkin lymphoma lacks CD19 and contains a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that in Hodgkin lymphoma, CART should target both malignant cells and the TME. We demonstrated CD123 on both Hodgkin lymphoma cells and TME, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). In vitro, Hodgkin lymphoma cells convert macrophages toward immunosuppressive TAMs that inhibit T-cell proliferation. In contrast, anti-CD123 CART recognized and killed TAMs, thus overcoming immunosuppression. Finally, we showed in immunodeficient mouse models that CART123 eradicated Hodgkin lymphoma and established long-term immune memory. A novel platform that targets malignant cells and the microenvironment may be needed to successfully treat malignancies with an immunosuppressive milieu.
Significance: Anti-CD123 chimeric antigen receptor T cells target both the malignant cells and TAMs in Hodgkin lymphoma, thereby eliminating an important immunosuppressive component of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1154–67. ©2017 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Targeting BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer: Progress in Combination Strategies
Authors: Sundar Raghav , Hong David S. , Kopetz Scott , Yap Timothy A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Summary: BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer portend a poor prognosis, with first-line treatment often involving triplet or quadruplet chemotherapy, and single-agent targeted therapy with BRAF inhibitors failing to demonstrate clinical activity. Blockade of multiple critical nodes along the MAPK and other pathways may be necessary to improve response rates and survival. Cancer Discov; 7(6); 558–60. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by van Geel et al., p. 610.
Survival and Left Ventricular Function Changes in Fulminant Versus Nonfulminant Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Ammirati Enrico , Cipriani Manlio , Lilliu Marzia , Sormani Paola , Varrenti Marisa , Raineri Claudia , Petrella Duccio , Garascia Andrea , Pedrotti Patrizia , Roghi Alberto , Bonacina Edgardo , Moreo Antonella , Bottiroli Maurizio , Gagliardone Maria P. , Mondino Michele , Ghio Stefano , Totaro Rossana , Turazza Fabio M. , Russo Claudio F. , Oliva Fabrizio , Camici Paolo G. , Frigerio Maria 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Previous reports have suggested that despite their dramatic presentation, patients with fulminant myocarditis (FM) might have better outcome than those with acute nonfulminant myocarditis (NFM). In this retrospective study, we report outcome and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a large cohort of patients with FM compared with patients with NFM.

Methods:
The study population consists of 187 consecutive patients admitted between May 2001 and November 2016 with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis (onset of symptoms <1 month) of whom 55 required inotropes and/or mechanical circulatory support (FM) and the remaining 132 were hemodynamically stable (NFM). We also performed a subanalysis in 130 adult patients with acute viral myocarditis and viral prodrome within 2 weeks from the onset, which includes 34 with FM and 96 with NFM. Patients with giant-cell myocarditis, eosinophilic myocarditis, or cardiac sarcoidosis and those <15 years of age were excluded from the subanalysis.

Results:

In the whole population (n=187), the rate of in-hospital death or heart transplantation was 25.5% versus 0% in FM versus NFM, respectively (
P
<0.0001). Long-term heart transplantation–free survival at 9 years was lower in FM than NFM (64.5% versus 100%, log-rank
P
<0.0001). Despite greater improvement in LVEF during hospitalization in FM versus NFM forms (median, 32% [interquartile range, 20%–40%] versus 3% [0%–10%], respectively;
P
<0.0001), the proportion of patients with LVEF <55% at last follow-up was higher in FM versus NFM (29% versus 9%; relative risk, 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–7.64,
P
=0.003). Similar results for survival and changes in LVEF in FM versus NFM were observed in the subgroup (n=130) with viral myocarditis. None of the patients with NFM and LVEF ≥55% at discharge had a significant decrease in LVEF at follow-up.

Conclusions:
Patients with FM have an increased mortality and need for heart transplantation compared with those with NFM. From a functional viewpoint, patients with FM have a more severely impaired LVEF at admission that, despite steep improvement during hospitalization, remains lower than that in patients with NFM at long-term follow-up. These findings also hold true when only the viral forms are considered and are different from previous studies showing better prognosis in FM.
Targeting chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells with the hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor acriflavine
Authors: Cheloni Giulia , Tanturli Michele , Tusa Ignazia , Ho DeSouza Ngoc , Shan Yi , Gozzini Antonella , Mazurier Fréderic , Rovida Elisabetta , Li Shaoguang , Dello Sbarba Persio 
Published: June 2017

Key PointsThe HIF inhibitor ACF suppresses TKI-insensitive CML stem cells. The FDA-approved drug ACF may represent a novel treatment to prevent CML relapse and, in combination with TKIs, improve remission.
Genome editing of factor X in zebrafish reveals unexpected tolerance of severe defects in the common pathway
Authors: Hu Zhilian , Liu Yang , Huarng Michael C. , Menegatti Marzia , Reyon Deepak , Rost Megan S. , Norris Zachary G. , Richter Catherine E. , Stapleton Alexandra N. , Chi Neil C. , Peyvandi Flora , Joung J. Keith , Shavit Jordan A. 
Published: June 2017

Key PointsDeficiency of coagulation factor X in zebrafish results in a severe hemostatic defect that is surprisingly well-tolerated until adulthood. In vivo analysis of human mutations in zebrafish identifies variants underlying symptomatic factor X deficiency.
Gene correction of HAX1 reversed Kostmann disease phenotype in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Pittermann Erik , Lachmann Nico , MacLean Glenn , Emmrich Stephan , Ackermann Mania , Göhring Gudrun , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Welte Karl , Schambach Axel , Heckl Dirk , Orkin Stuart H. , Cantz Tobias , Klusmann Jan-Henning 
Published: June 2017

Key PointsHAX1 W44X -iPSCs recapitulate Kostmann disease phenotype in vitro. Genetic in situ correction of iPSCs reveals a dysregulated HAX1 and HCLS1-centered interaction network in Kostmann disease.
Recovering temporal PSF using ToF camera with delayed light emission
Authors: Kitano Kazuya , Okamoto Takanori , Tanaka Kenichiro , Aoto Takahito , Kubo Hiroyuki , Funatomi Takuya , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Recovering temporal point spread functions (PSFs) is important for various applications, especially analyzing light transport. Some methods that use amplitude-modulated continuous wave time-of-flight (ToF) cameras are proposed to recover temporal PSFs, where the resolution is several nanoseconds. Contrarily, we show in this paper that sub-nanosecond resolution can be achieved using pulsed ToF cameras and an additional circuit. A circuit is inserted before the illumination so that the emission delay can be controlled by sub-nanoseconds. From the observations of various delay settings, we recover temporal PSFs of the sub-nanosecond resolution. We confirm the effectiveness of our method via real-world experiments.
Substrate stiffness-dependent regulation of the SRF−Mkl1 co-activator complex requires the inner nuclear membrane protein Emerin
Authors: Willer Margaret K. , Carroll Christopher W. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
The complex comprising serum response factor (SRF) and megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 protein (Mkl1) promotes myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing. SRF−Mkl1 is sensitive to the mechanical properties of the extracellular environment; but how cells sense and transduce mechanical cues to modulate SRF−Mkl1-dependent gene expression is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear lamina-associated inner nuclear membrane protein Emerin stimulates SRF−Mkl1-dependent gene activity in a substrate stiffness-dependent manner. Specifically, Emerin was required for Mkl1 nuclear accumulation and maximal SRF−Mkl1-dependent gene expression in response to serum stimulation of cells grown on stiff substrates but was dispensable on more compliant substrates. Focal adhesion area was also reduced in cells lacking Emerin, consistent with a role for Emerin in sensing substrate stiffness. Expression of a constitutively active form of Mkl1 bypassed the requirement for Emerin in SRF−Mkl1-dependent gene expression and reversed the focal adhesion defects evident in EmdKO fibroblasts. Together, these data indicate that Emerin, a conserved nuclear lamina protein, couples extracellular matrix mechanics and SRF−Mkl1-dependent transcription.
Redox regulation of the yeast voltage-gated Ca2+ channel homolog Cch1p by glutathionylation of specific cysteine residues
Authors: Chandel Avinash , Bachhawat Anand K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Cch1p, the yeast homolog of the pore-forming subunit α1 of the mammalian voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC), is located on the plasma membrane and mediates the redox-dependent influx of Ca2+. Cch1p is known to undergo both rapid activation (after oxidative stress and or a change to high pH) and slow activation (after ER stress and mating pheromone activation), but the mechanism of activation is not known. We demonstrate here that both the fast activation (exposure to pH 8–8.5 or treatment with H2O2) and the slow activation (treatment with tunicamycin or α-factor) are mediated through a common redox-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, through mutational analysis of all 18 exposed cysteine residues in the Cch1p protein, we show that the four mutants C587A, C606A, C636A and C642A, which are clustered together in a common cytoplasmic loop region, were functionally defective for both fast and slow activations, and also showed reduced glutathionylation. These four cysteine residues are also conserved across phyla, suggesting a conserved mechanism of activation. Investigations into the enzymes involved in the activation reveal that the yeast glutathione S-transferase Gtt1p is involved in the glutathionylation of Cch1p, while the thioredoxin Trx2p plays a role in the Cch1p deglutathionylation.
Making nomenclature governance more inclusive through virtual attendance and electronic voting at the Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress
Authors: Landrum Leslie R. , Demissew Sebsebe , Fortunato Renée , Freire-Fierro Alina , Moore Gerry , Parra-O. Carlos , Rico Arce Lourdes , Smith Gideon F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractParticipating in, and voting at, the Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress is neither simple nor easily affordable. The technology of virtual meeting attendance and electronic voting should presently be sufficient to allow people from around the world to participate in the Nomenclature Section and thus make the process of nomenclature governance more inclusive and democratic.