bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in long term health‐related quality of life between partnered and not partnered breast cancer survivors through the mediation effect of social support
Authors: Leung Janni , Smith Michelle D. , McLaughlin Deirdre 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare long‐term quality of life outcomes by marital status among women living with breast cancer, and to test the mediation effects of social support as an underlying factor.MethodsData are drawn from 1996 to 2010 of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. The sample included 505 women with breast cancer with six years of follow‐up data. Social support was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS). Physical and mental health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured using the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36).ResultsBreast cancer survivors who did not have a partner, compared to those who had a partner, had significantly lower levels of social support, which was associated with poorer HRQOL. Social support mediated the relationship between not having a partner and poorer HRQOL. Results were consistent after taken into consideration socio‐demographic characteristics, which included age, highest level of education, country of birth, and area of residence.ConclusionsWomen recovering from breast cancer who do not have partners have poorer physical and mental HRQOL, than those with partners, with a lack of social support as an underlying inequality. Partners of breast cancer survivors are importance sources in the provision of social support to help them maintain well‐being and quality of life.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A radiofrequency system for in vivo hyperpolarized 13C MRS experiments in mice with a 3T MRI clinical scanner
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio , Flori Alessandra , Marsigli Fabio , De Marchi Daniele , Frijia Francesca , Giannoni Massimo , Kusmic Claudia , Positano Vincenzo , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Menichetti Luca 
Published: April 2016

SummaryHyperpolarized carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool to explore tissue metabolic state, by permitting the study of intermediary metabolism of biomolecules in vivo. However, a number of technological problems still limit this technology and need innovative solutions. In particular, the low molar concentration of derivate metabolites give rise to low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), which makes the design and development of dedicated radiofrequency (RF) coils a fundamental task. In this article, the authors describe the simulation and the design of a RF coils configuration for MR experiments in mice, constituted by a 1H whole body volume RF coil for imaging and a 13C single circular loop surface RF coil for performing 13C acquisitions. After the building, the RF system was employed in an in vivo experiment in a mouse injected with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate by using a 3 T clinical MR scanner. SCANNING 38:710–719, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Child Adjustment to First Grade as Perceived by the Parents: The Role of Parents' Personal Growth
Authors: Ben Shlomo Shirley , Taubman‐Ben‐Ari Orit 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe current study aimed at investigating the direct and moderating role of personal growth in a child's adjustment to first grade as perceived by the parents, drawing on Positive Psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, ) and the theory of families as systems (Cox & Paley, ). The sample consisted of 280 Israeli parents (213 mothers and 67 fathers) whose children were in first grade. The participants completed questionnaires relating to background variables of the parent and child, as well as parents' perceived stress, emotional intelligence, perceived child's adjustment to school and personal growth.The findings indicate that a child's entrance into the school system may lead to personal growth in the parents and that variables of both the parent (age and education) and the child (birth order) contribute to this process. Furthermore, among parents with a low level of personal growth, higher emotional intelligence was associated with a more positive assessment of the child's adjustment. The study thus demonstrates that the transition to first grade may serve as a lever for the parents' growth and development, which in turn may affect their perception of their child's adjustment to school. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
National Security Export Control Regimes: Determinants and Effects on International Business
Authors: Seyoum Belay 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCountries restrict exports for a number of reasons ranging from national security, foreign policy to the preservation of scarce resources. Most of the restrictions are imposed on military and high‐technology products. This article focuses on national security controls exercised on dual‐use goods, that is, commercial products with current or potential military applications. The article develops a typology of paradigms for national export control regimes: high state–low business, low state–high business, high state–high business, and low state–low business. It then introduces a theoretical model of the economic and political determinants and effects of such paradigms. The study presents national case studies and examines the effects of the four paradigms on international business. The article fills important gaps in our understanding of national export control regimes and their implications for managers of international business firms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic twins: changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow and outcomes
Authors: Rustico M. A. , Consonni D. , Lanna M. , Faiola S. , Schena V. , Scelsa B. , Introvini P. , Righini A. , Parazzini C. , Lista G. , Barretta F. , Ferrazzi E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe changes in umbilical artery (UA) Doppler flow in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins affected by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), to correlate Doppler findings with pregnancy course and perinatal outcome, and to report postnatal follow‐up.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 140 MCDA twins with sIUGR. UA end‐diastolic flow, defined as Doppler waveform pattern Type I (persistently positive), Type II (persistently absent or persistently reversed) or Type III (intermittently absent or intermittently reversed), was recorded at first examination and monitored weekly until double or single intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), bipolar cord coagulation or delivery. All neonates had an early neonatal brain scan, magnetic resonance imaging, when indicated, and neurological assessment during infancy. Rates (per 100 person‐weeks) and hazard ratios (HR) of IUFD in the IUGR twin in each pregnancy were calculated considering UA Doppler pattern as a time‐dependent variable.ResultsAt first examination, there were 65 cases with UA Doppler waveform pattern Type I, 62 with Type II and 13 with Type III. Of the 65 Type‐I cases, 48 (74%) remained stable, while 17 (26%) changed to either Type II absent (14%), Type II reversed (9%) or Type III (3%). Of 62 Type‐II cases (47 with absent and 15 with reversed flow), 33 (53%) remained stable (18 with absent and all 15 with reversed flow). The 29 Type‐II absent cases which changed became Type II reversed (24/47, 51%) or Type III (5/47, 11%). All 13 Type‐III cases remained stable. Compared with Type I, the risk of IUFD (adjusted for estimated fetal weight discordance and amniotic fluid deepest vertical pocket) was highest when the pregnancy was or became Type II reversed (HR, 9.5; 95% CI, 2.7–32.7) or Type II absent (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3–14.3). Mild neurological impairment was more prevalent in the IUGR twin than in the large cotwin (7%vs1%,P= 0.02).ConclusionsRisk stratification based on UA Doppler is useful for planning ultrasound surveillance. However, patterns can change over time, with important consequences for management and outcome. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The importance of landscape diversity for carbon fluxes at the landscape level: small‐scale heterogeneity matters
Authors: Premke Katrin , Attermeyer Katrin , Augustin Jürgen , Cabezas Alvaro , Casper Peter , Deumlich Detlef , Gelbrecht Jörg , Gerke Horst H. , Gessler Arthur , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Hilt Sabine , Hupfer Michael , Kalettka Thomas , Kayler Zachary , Lischeid Gunnar , Sommer Michael , Zak Dominik 
Published: April 2016

Landscapes can be viewed as spatially heterogeneous areas encompassing terrestrial and aquatic domains. To date, most landscape carbon (C) fluxes have been estimated by accounting for terrestrial ecosystems, while aquatic ecosystems have been largely neglected. However, a robust assessment of C fluxes on the landscape scale requires the estimation of fluxes within and between both landscape components. Here, we compiled data from the literature on C fluxes across the air–water interface from various landscape components. We simulated C emissions and uptake for five different scenarios which represent a gradient of increasing spatial heterogeneity within a temperate young moraine landscape: (I) a homogeneous landscape with only cropland and large lakes; (II) separation of the terrestrial domain into cropland and forest; (III) further separation into cropland, forest, and grassland; (IV) additional division of the aquatic area into large lakes and peatlands; and (V) further separation of the aquatic area into large lakes, peatlands, running waters, and small water bodies These simulations suggest that C fluxes at the landscape scale might depend on spatial heterogeneity and landscape diversity, among other factors. When we consider spatial heterogeneity and diversity alone, small inland waters appear to play a pivotal and previously underestimated role in landscape greenhouse gas emissions that may be regarded as C hot spots. Approaches focusing on the landscape scale will also enable improved projections of ecosystems’ responses to perturbations, e.g., due to global change and anthropogenic activities, and evaluations of the specific role individual landscape components play in regional C fluxes. WIREs Water 2016, 3:601–617. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1147This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Water Quality
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Series of Dinuclear Lanthanide Complexes Assembled by Acetate and a Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Li Bo , Qin Yongjie , Liu Long , Chen Zilu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFive dinuclear lanthanide complexes [Ln2L2(NO3)2(OAc)4]·2CH3CN [Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), Ho (4), and Er (5)] [L = 2‐((2‐pyridinylmethylene)hydrazine)ethanol] were synthesized from the reactions of Ln(NO3)3·6H2O with L and CH3COOH in the presence of triethylamine. Their crystal structures were determined. They show similar dinuclear cores with the two lanthanide ions bridged by four acetate ligands in the μ2‐η1:η2 and μ2‐η1:η1 bridging modes. Each LnIII ion in complexes 1–5 is further chelated by one L ligand and one nitrate ion, leading to the formation of a nine‐coordinated mono‐capped square antiprism arrangement. The dinuclear molecules in 1–5 are consolidated by hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interactions to build a two‐dimensional sheet. Their magnetic properties were investigated. It revealed antiferromagnetic interactions between the GdIII ions in 1 and ferromagnetic interactions between the TbIII ions in 2. The profiles of χmT vs. T curves of 3–5 reveal that the magnetic properties of 3–5 are probably dominated by the thermal depopulation of the Stark sublevels of LnIII ions.
Activating stereotypes with brand imagery: The role of viewer political identity
Authors: Angle Justin W. , Dagogo‐Jack Sokiente W. , Forehand Mark R. , Perkins Andrew W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe use of ethnic imagery in visual identities of brands, such as those used by professional sports franchises, has long been a contentious issue in American society. This research investigates the oft‐voiced argument that ethnic brand imagery perpetuates negative stereotypes (a claim that has been subject to very little empirical scrutiny) and identifies conditions under which encountering such brand imagery strengthens both positive and negative implicit stereotypes. Within the context of American Indian brand imagery, two laboratory experiments (Studies 1 and 2) and a quasi‐experimental field study (Study 3) revealed that the effects of ethnic brand imagery on stereotypes depend on the viewer's political identity. Exposure to ethnic brand imagery strengthened implicit stereotypes only among more liberal individuals, consistent with the idea that liberals tend to hold more malleable views. These findings demonstrate measurable negative effects of ethnic brand imagery on implicit stereotypes and support the view that the use of such imagery can carry detrimental societal consequences.
Memdock: an α-helical membrane protein docking algorithm
Authors: Hurwitz Naama , Schneidman-Duhovny Dina , Wolfson Haim J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Motivation: A wide range of fundamental biological processes are mediated by membrane proteins. Despite their large number and importance, less than 1% of all 3D protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank are of membrane proteins. This is mainly due to the challenges of crystallizing such proteins or performing NMR spectroscopy analyses. All the more so, there is only a small number of membrane protein–protein complexes with known structure. Therefore, developing computational tools for docking membrane proteins is crucial. Numerous methods for docking globular proteins exist, however few have been developed especially for membrane proteins and designed to address docking within the lipid bilayer environment.
Results: We present a novel algorithm, Memdock, for docking α-helical membrane proteins which takes into consideration the lipid bilayer environment for docking as well as for refining and ranking the docking candidates. We show that our algorithm improves both the docking accuracy and the candidates ranking compared to a standard protein–protein docking algorithm.
Availability and Implementation: http://bioinfo3d.cs.tau.ac.il/Memdock/
Contacts: namih@tau.ac.il or wolfson@tau.ac.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Efficient identification and analysis of chemical exchange in biomolecules by R1ρ relaxation dispersion with Amaterasu
Authors: Walinda Erik , Morimoto Daichi , Nishizawa Mayu , Shirakawa Masahiro , Sugase Kenji 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Summary: We introduce here a novel acquisition and processing methodology for cross-polarization based 1D rotating-frame relaxation dispersion NMR experiments. This easy-to-use protocol greatly facilitates the screening, acquisition, processing and model fitting of large on- and off-resonance R1ρ relaxation dispersion NMR datasets in an automated manner for the analysis of chemical exchange phenomena in biomolecules.
Availability and Implementation: The Amaterasu package including the spreadsheet, Bruker pulse programs and analysis software is available at www.moleng.kyoto-u.ac.jp/∼moleng_01/amaterasu.
Contact: sugase@moleng.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Nucleosome fragility is associated with future transcriptional response to developmental cues and stress inC. elegans
Authors: Jeffers Tess E. , Lieb Jason D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTNucleosomes have structural and regulatory functions in all eukaryotic DNA-templated processes. The position of nucleosomes on DNA and the stability of the underlying histone-DNA interactions affect the access of regulatory proteins to DNA. Both stability and position are regulated through DNA sequence, histone post-translational modifications, histone variants, chromatin remodelers, and transcription factors. Here, we explored the functional implications of nucleosome properties on gene expression and development inC. elegansembryos. We performed a time-course of micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion, and measured the relative sensitivity or resistance of nucleosomes throughout the genome. Fragile nucleosomes were defined by nucleosomal DNA fragments recoverable preferentially in early MNase-digestion time points. We found fragile nucleosomes at locations where we expected to find destabilized nucleosomes, like transcription factor binding sites where nucleosomes compete with DNA-binding factors. Contrary to our expectation, the presence of fragile nucleosomes in gene promoters was anti-correlated with transcriptional activity. Instead, genes with fragile nucleosomes in their promoters tended to be expressed in a context-specific way, operating in neuronal response, the immune system, and stress response. Nucleosome fragility at these promoters was strongly and positively correlated with the AT content of the underlying DNA. There was not a strong correlation between promoter nucleosome fragility and the levels of histone modifications or histone variants. Our data suggest that inC. eleganspromoters, nucleosome fragility is primarily a DNA-encoded feature that poises genes for future context-specific activation in response to environmental stress and developmental cues.
Analysis of clinicalBordetella pertussisisolates using whole genome sequences reveals novel genomic regions associated with recent outbreaks in the United States of America
Authors: Otero Glen , Althouse Benjamin M. , Scarpino Samuel V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground:Despite high-levels of vaccination, whooping cough, primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis (BP), has persisted and resurged. It remains a major cause of infant death worldwide and is the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries. To date, most genomic studies have focused on a small subset of the BP genome, biasing our clinical understanding and public health awareness.Methods:We performed a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on 76 U.S. BP whole genomes, including strains from recent outbreaks.Results:A GWAS of the 76 BP isolates revealed a sharp increase in genetic variation associated with the Minnesota 2012 outbreak and identified 52 variants unique to the Minnesota outbreak and 19 unique to the California and Washington outbreaks. None of the identified variants were shared between the outbreaks and the vast majority were previously uncharacterized. We further identified variation associated with pertactin negative strains and acellular vaccination.Conclusions:We identified novel genomic regions associated with recent BP outbreaks. Our results underscore the need for increased whole genome sequencing of BP isolates, which can reduce costly misdiagnosis and improve surveillance. The genes containing these variants warrant further investigation into their possible roles in BP pathogenicity and the ongoing resurgence in the U.S.
The role of locally adapted mycorrhizas and rhizobacteria in plant–soil feedback systems
Authors: Revillini Daniel , Gehring Catherine A. , Johnson Nancy Collins 
Published: April 2016

Summary

The plant–soil feedback (PSF) framework has become an important theory in plant ecology, yet many ecological and evolutionary factors that influence PSFs have yet to be fully considered. Here, we discuss the importance of local adaptation among plants and root‐associated fungi and bacteria. Furthermore, we show how inclusion of the optimal resource allocation (OA) model can help predict the direction and outcome of PSFs under environmental change.

Plants and associated soil microbes have co‐evolved for millennia, generating adaptations to each other and to their local environment. This local co‐adaptation is likely generated by a suite of multidirectional exchanges of goods and services among plants, fungi and bacteria, and the constant changes in above‐ground–below‐ground interactions.

Resource limitation may be a driver of local adaptation among organisms involved in nutritional symbioses. The OA model states that when an essential resource is limited, natural selection will favour taxa that forage optimally by adjusting their biomass and energy allocation such that productivity is equally limited by all resources. Co‐adaptation will therefore respond to the local limiting resource conditions through taxa‐specific resource transfer interactions.

The OA model can help predict the outcomes of PSFs across a range of resource gradients and environmental changes such as increasing drought or atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Positive feedback is predicted in systems where resource exchange among plants and associated soil microbes can ameliorate resource limitation, or in systems where microbes provide another important service such as pathogen defence. Feedback strength is expected to diminish as resources become less limiting. Negative feedback is predicted when resources are in luxury supply and populations of opportunistic plant pathogens increase relative to commensal or mutualist microbes.

Future, field‐based studies that integrate naturally co‐occurring systems of plants, microbes and their local soil are needed to further test the hypothesis that resource availability is an effective predictor of the direction and magnitude of PSFs. A more mechanistic understanding of PSFs will help land managers and farmers to manipulate plant–microbial soil interactions to respond to environmental change and to effectively harness beneficial symbioses for plant nutrition and pathogen control.
Merging evolutionary history into species interaction networks
Authors: Peralta Guadalupe 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe occurrence of complex networks of interactions among species not only relies on species co‐occurrence, but also on inherited traits and evolutionary events imprinted in species phylogenies. The phylogenetic signal found in ecological networks suggests that evolution plays an important role in determining community assembly and hence could inform about the underpinning mechanisms.The aim of this study was to review the main findings and methodological approaches used for detecting phylogenetic signal in species interaction networks, particularly in different aspects of network structure: conservatism of interactions, modularity, connectivity and nestedness.In general, studies show that species phylogenies determine interacting partners, module composition, species roles and nested patterns, although these influences are not always consistent across different interaction types. The relative importance of phylogeny to network structure, as well as the scale dependence of phylogenetic signal, denotes key areas for future research.Phylogenetically informed network ecology represents a promising field for understanding species interaction patterns, community assembly processes and dynamics. It can also provide important information for predicting community changes and improving management practices.Alay summaryis available for this article.