bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Seasonal Heat Storage Based on Zeolite/Ammonia
Authors: Gerhold Ingo , Drochner Alfons , Vogel Herbert 
Published: September 2017

AbstractZur besseren Nutzung von Exzessenergien wurde ein Wärmespeichersystem entwickelt, das sich aus einem Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW) mit einem integrierten Langzeitwärmespeicher zusammensetzt. Aus ökonomischen Gründen wird ein BHKW ganzjährig bei optimalem Wirkungsgrad betrieben. Die Folge ist, dass Wärmeenergie im Sommer sinnvollerweise gespeichert werden sollte, um sie in der Heizperiode zu nutzen. Hierbei wird als Wärmespeichersystem ein binäres System bestehend aus einem modifizierten Zeolith 5A und Ammoniak eingesetzt. Die abschließende Auslegung zeigt, dass es als Kurz‐ und Langzeitwärmespeicher eingesetzt werden kann.
Membranforschung für die Öffentlichkeit: Ein Kooperationsprojekt zwischen Fachdidaktik und Fachwissenschaft
Authors: von Hoff Elena , Milsch Nele , Ehlers Marc , Waitz Thomas , Mey Ingo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird ein Kooperationsprojekt zwischen Fachdidaktik und Fachwissenschaft vorgestellt, dass sich mit der Entwicklung von Science Outreach Aktivitäten in Bezug auf die Forschung des Sonderforschungsbereiches 803 befasst. In enger Zusammenarbeit werden Forschungsprojekte und Themen aus dem Bereich der Membranforschung mit alltagsnahen Kontexten sowie Fragestellungen vernetzt; dabei werden Materialien wie Experimente, Ausstellungsstücke, Videos und Adapted Primary Literature für den formalen und non‐formalen Bildungsbereich entwickelt und in einem zyklischen Prozess aus Design, Implementierung, Evaluation und Optimierung kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Durch Ausrichtung auf die drei Zielgruppen: Schülerinnen und Schüler, Lehrkräfte und die interessierte Allgemeinheit soll so nachhaltig die Kommunikation zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft gefördert werden.
Für Lernprozesse modelliert: Physikalisch‐chemische Prüfverfahren der Industrie an den Beispielen Klebefestigkeit, Viskosität und Waschleistung
Authors: Sommer Katrin , Krupp Ute , Toschka Christina , Schröder Thomas Philipp 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStandardisierte Prüfverfahren sind essentielle Bestandteile industrieller Abläufe. So selbstverständlich diese Verfahren in der Industrie ihre Anwendung finden, so fern scheinen sie zunächst dem Chemieunterricht. Dabei stehen von Beginn des Chemieunterrichts an Fragen nach der Ermittlung von physikalischen und chemischen Stoffeigenschaften und das dafür notwendige Repertoire an Fachmethoden im Blickpunkt. Meistens können industrielle Prüfverfahren in der Schule nicht im Original zum Einsatz kommen. Durch die Entwicklung von Modellexperimenten ist es aber möglich, Zugang zu den Prüfverfahren zu bekommen. Der vorliegende Artikel schildert drei standardisierte industrielle Prüfverfahren und ihre Umsetzung in Modellexperimente für den Chemieunterricht: Testung der Klebefestigkeit mit dem Prüfverfahren der Zug‐Scherfestigkeit, Prüfung der Viskosität mit einem Kugelfallviskosimeter sowie die Ermittlung der Waschleistung durch Sichtprüfung.
Photonen und Moleküle
Authors: Meuter N. , Spinnen S. , Yurdanur Y. , Tausch M. W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTraditionell wird die Farbigkeit von Gegenständen durch Lichtabsorption gelehrt. Allerdings gehört heute auch die Farbigkeit durch Lichtemission zu den Alltagserfahrungen eines jeden. Der Schlüssel für das Verständnis beider Phänomene liegt in der Wechselwirkung kleinster Teilchen aus Stoffen, beispielsweise Molekülen, mit den kleinsten Energiepäckchen aus dem Licht, den Photonen. Bei der experimentellen und konzeptionellen Erschließung dieser Wechselwirkung treffen sich Tradition und Innovation in der Chemiedidaktik.
Controllable Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Nanohybrids with Gold Multipod Nanoparticle Cores and ZIF‐67 Shells (GMN@ ZIF‐67)
Authors: Mai Hien Duy , Le Van Cam Thi , Pham Thu Minh Thi , Ko Jae‐Hyeon , Yoo Hyojong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAdvanced hybrid nanomaterials tailored with unique morphologies and multiple functions can be synthesized by the controllable integration of two or more well‐designed components. Distinctively shaped metal cores with well‐defined coordination polymer shells can lead to synergistic structural properties in the resultant hybrid materials. Herein, we report a facile synthetic strategy for gold multipod nanoparticle (GMN) cores‐zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) shells (GMN@ZIF‐67) nanohybrids. Because of the structural anisotropy, which is crucial for heterogeneous seed‐induced nucleation, and uniqueness of GMNs, their combination with ZIF‐67 gives characteristic core–shell materials. The synthetic process can be readily achieved without using surfactants or capping reagents. Thus, it is potentially an environmentally friendly route to expedient nanohybrids. The material properties (i.e., surface area, size, and shape) of the resultant GMN@ZIF‐67 nanohybrids can be readily controlled by simply varying the relative amount of GMNs and ZIF‐67 precursors used.
Do therapists' subjective variables impact on psychodynamic psychotherapy outcomes? A systematic literature review
Authors: Lingiardi Vittorio , Muzi Laura , Tanzilli Annalisa , Carone Nicola 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDespite growing attention to the general therapist effects in a wide range of clinical settings, little is known about the individual, cross‐situational, and therapy–nonspecific variables that impact on the differential effectiveness of clinicians. The current study is a systematic review of the evidence relating to the influence of therapist's subjective characteristics on outcomes of psychodynamic psychotherapies.MethodA multistage and systematic search of articles published between 1987 and 2017 identified 30 relevant studies, which were organized into 6 areas according to the specific therapist's variable considered.ResultsTherapists' interpersonal functioning and skills showed the strongest evidence of a direct effect on treatment outcomes. Furthermore, there were preliminary evidence that therapists' attachment styles, their interpersonal history with caregivers, and their self‐concept might affect outcomes through interaction effects with other constructs, such as technical interventions, patient's pathology, and therapeutic alliance. The high variability between studies on therapists' overall reflective or introspective abilities and personality characteristics suggested the need for more systematic research in these areas, whereas therapists' values and attitudes showed small effects on therapeutic outcome.ConclusionsThe present review clarifies how a deep examination of the contribution of therapists' subjective characteristics can help elucidate the complex association between relational and technical factors related to the outcome of psychodynamic treatments.
Urbanization reduces and homogenizes trait diversity in stream macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Barnum Thomas R. , Weller Donald E. , Williams Meghan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMore than one‐half of the world's population lives in urban areas, so quantifying the effects of urbanization on ecological communities is important for understanding whether anthropogenic stressors homogenize communities across environmental and climatic gradients. We examined the relationship of impervious surface coverage (a marker of urbanization) and the structure of stream macroinvertebrate communities across the state of Maryland and within each of Maryland's three ecoregions: Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Appalachian, which differ in stream geomorphology and community composition. We considered three levels of trait organization: individual traits, unique combinations of traits, and community metrics (functional richness, functional evenness, and functional divergence) and three levels of impervious surface coverage (low [<2.5%], medium [2.5% to 10%], and high [>10%]). The prevalence of an individual trait differed very little between low impervious surface and high impervious surface sites. The arrangement of trait combinations in community trait space for each ecoregion differed when impervious surface coverage was low, but the arrangement became more similar among ecoregions as impervious surface coverage increased. Furthermore, trait combinations that occurred only at low or medium impervious surface coverage were clustered in a subset of the community trait space, indicating that impervious surface affected the presence of only a subset of trait combinations. Functional richness declined with increasing impervious surface, providing evidence for environmental filtering. Community metrics that include abundance were also sensitive to increasing impervious surface coverage: functional divergence decreased while functional evenness increased. These changes demonstrate that increasing impervious surface coverage homogenizes the trait diversity of macroinvertebrate communities in streams, despite differences in initial community composition and stream geomorphology among ecoregions. Community metrics were also more sensitive to changes in the abundance rather than the gain or loss of trait combinations, showing the potential for trait‐based approaches to serve as early warning indicators of environmental stress for monitoring and biological assessment programs.
‘heartfailurematters.org’, an educational website for patients and carers from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology: objectives, use and future directions
Authors: Wagenaar Kim P. , Rutten Frans H. , Klompstra Leonie , Bhana Yusuf , Sieverink Floor , Ruschitzka Frank , Seferovic Petar M. , Lainscak Mitja , Piepoli Massimo F. , Broekhuizen Berna D.L. , Strömberg Anna , Jaarsma Tiny , Hoes Arno W. , Dickstein Kenneth 
Published: September 2017

AimsIn 2007, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) launched the information website
heartfailurematters.org (HFM site) with the aim of creating a practical tool through which to provide advice and guidelines for living with heart failure to patients, their carers, health care professionals and the general public worldwide. The website is managed by the ESC at the European Heart House and is currently available in nine languages. The aim of this study is to describe the background, objectives, use, lessons learned and future directions of the HFM site.Methods and resultsData on the number of visitor sessions on the site as measured by Google Analytics were used to explore use of the HFM site from 2010 to 2015. Worldwide, the annual number of sessions increased from 416 345 in 2010 to 1 636 368 in 2015. Most users (72–75%) found the site by using a search engine. Desktops and, more recently, smartphones were used to visit the website, accounting for 50% and 38%, respectively, of visits to the site in 2015.ConclusionsAlthough its use has increased, the HFM site has not yet reached its full potential: fewer than 2 million users have visited the website, whereas the number of people living with heart failure worldwide is estimated to be 23 million. Uptake and use could be further improved by a continuous process of qualitative assessment of users' preferences, and the provision of professional helpdesk facilities, comprehensive information technology, and promotional support.
Left ventricular ejection time is an independent predictor of incident heart failure in a community‐based cohort
Authors: Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Querejeta Roca Gabriela , Hegde Sheila M. , Shah Amil M. , Claggett Brian , Mosley Thomas H. , Butler Kenneth R. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: September 2017

AimsSystolic time intervals change in the progress of cardiac dysfunction. The usefulness of left ventricular ejection time (LVET) to predict cardiovascular morbidity, however, is unknown.Methods and resultsWe studied middle‐aged African‐Americans from one of four cohorts of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (Jackson cohort, n=1980) who underwent echocardiography between 1993 and 1995. Left ventricular ejection time was measured by pulsed‐wave Doppler of the left ventricular outflow tract and related to outcomes. A shorter LVET was associated with younger age, male sex, higher diastolic blood pressure, higher proportion of diabetes, higher heart rate, higher blood glucose levels and worse fractional shortening. During a median follow‐up of 17.6 years, 384 (19%) had incident heart failure (HF), 158 (8%) had a myocardial infarction, and 587 (30%) died. In univariable analysis, a lower LVET was significantly associated with increased risk of all events (P<0.05 for all). However, after multivariable adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fractional shortening and left atrial diameter, LVET remained an independent predictor only of incident HF [hazard ratio 1.07 (1.02–1.14), P=0.010 per 10 ms decrease]. In addition, LVET provided incremental prognostic information to the known risk factors included in the Framingham risk score, in regard to predicting all outcomes except for myocardial infarction.ConclusionLeft ventricular ejection time is an independent predictor of incident HF in a community‐based cohort and provides incremental prognostic information on the risk of future HF and death when added to known risk prediction models.
Simulation analysis of rectifying microfluidic mixing with field‐effect‐tunable electrothermal induced flow
Authors: Liu Weiyu , Ren Yukun , Tao Ye , Yao Bobin , Li You 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report herein field‐effect control on in‐phase electrothermal streaming from a theoretical point of view, a phenomenon termed “alternating‐current electrothermal‐flow field effect transistor” (ACET‐FFET), in the context of a new technology for handing analytes in microfluidics. Field‐effect control through a gate terminal endows ACET‐FFET the ability to generate arbitrary symmetry breaking in the transverse vortex flow pattern, which makes it attractive for mixing microfluidic samples. A computational model is developed to study the feasibility of this new microfluidic device design for micromixing. The influence of various parameters on developing an efficient mixer is investigated, and an integrated layout of discrete electrode array is suggested for achieving high‐throughput mixing. Our physical demonstration with field‐effect electrothermal flow control using a simple electrode structure proves invaluable for designing active micromixers for modern micro total analytical system.
Early‐stage aeolian protodunes: Bedform development and sand transport dynamics
Authors: Baddock Matthew C. , Nield Joanna M. , Wiggs Giles F.S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEarly‐stage aeolian bedforms, or protodunes, are elemental in the continuum of dune development and act as essential precursors to mature dunes. Despite this, we know very little about the processes and feedback mechanisms that shape these nascent bedforms. Whilst theory and conceptual models have offered some explanation for protodune existence and development, until now, we have lacked the technical capability to measure such small bedforms in aeolian settings. Here, we employ terrestrial laser scanning to measure morphological change at the high frequency and spatial resolution required to gain new insights into protodune behaviour. On a 0.06 m high protodune, we observe vertical growth of the crest by 0.005 m in two hours. Our direct measurements of sand transport on the protodune account for such growth, with a reduction in time‐averaged sediment flux of 18% observed over the crestal region. Detailed measurements of form also establish key points of morphological change on the protodune. The position on the stoss slope where erosion switches to deposition is found at a point 0.07 m upwind of the crest. This finding supports recent models that explain vertical dune growth through an upwind shift of this switching point. Observations also show characteristic changes in the asymmetric cross‐section of the protodune. Flow‐form feedbacks result in a steepening of the lee slope and a decline in lower stoss slope steepness (by 3°), constituting a reshaping of protodune form towards more mature dune morphology. The approaches and findings applied here, (a) demonstrate an ability to quantify processes at requisite spatial and temporal scales for monitoring early‐stage dune evolution, (b) highlight the crucial role of form‐flow feedbacks in enabling early‐stage bedform growth, alluding to a fluctuation in feedbacks that require better representation in dune models, and (c) provide a new stimulus for advancing understanding of aeolian bedforms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multivariate distance‐based analytic framework for microbial interdependence association test in longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Yilong , Han Sung Won , Cox Laura M. , Li Huilin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHuman microbiome is the collection of microbes living in and on the various parts of our body. The microbes living on our body in nature do not live alone. They act as integrated microbial community with massive competing and cooperating and contribute to our human health in a very important way. Most current analyses focus on examining microbial differences at a single time point, which do not adequately capture the dynamic nature of the microbiome data. With the advent of high‐throughput sequencing and analytical tools, we are able to probe the interdependent relationship among microbial species through longitudinal study. Here, we propose a multivariate distance‐based test to evaluate the association between key phenotypic variables and microbial interdependence utilizing the repeatedly measured microbiome data. Extensive simulations were performed to evaluate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. We also demonstrate the utility of the proposed test using a well‐designed longitudinal murine experiment and a longitudinal human study. The proposed methodology has been implemented in the freely distributed open‐source R package and Python code.
Room temperature synthesis and binding studies of solution‐processable histamine‐imprinted microspheres
Authors: Romano Edwin F. , Holdsworth Clovia I. , Quirino Joselito P. , So Regina C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccurate quantification of histamine levels in food and in biological samples is important for monitoring the quality of food products and for the detection of pathophysiological conditions. In this study, solution processable histamine‐imprinted microspheres were synthesized at 30°C via dilute free radical phototochemical polymerization technique using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer. The processability of the resulting polymer is dictated by the monomer feed concentration (eg, 4 wt% 80:20 EGDMA:MAA formulation) and solvent (acetonitrile). Whereas, the particle size is influenced by the monomer feed concentration, the presence of template molecule, and independent of the crosslinker content. Evaluation of the binding performance of the photochemically imprinted polymers (PCP) with different crosslinker content (80 and 90 wt%) indicated that the selective binding capacity was notably higher in PCP‐80 (N= 16.0 μmol/g) compared to PCP‐90 (N= 10.1 μmol/g) when analyzed via frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis (FACE) using Freundlich isotherm. In addition, PCP‐80 microspheres are more selective toward histamine than conventional thermal polymers (CTP‐80) prepared at 60°C in the presence of structural analogs such as histidine, imidazole, and tryptamine under cross‐rebinding and competitive conditions. These results demonstrated that histamine‐selective imprinted polymers can be obtained readily using room temperature photochemical polymerization where these materials can be subsequently used as recognition element for optical‐based histamine sensing.
Coffee response to nitrogen and soil water content during the early growth stage
Authors: Salamanca-Jimenez Alveiro , Doane Timothy A. , Horwath William R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCoffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the major crop grown in highland and mountainous areas of Colombia, where the most common yield‐limiting factors are nitrogen (N) and soil water content. Since the eventual success of a plantation is determined by the performance of coffee plants during critical early stages, our goal was to better understand plant response to these limiting factors. Four different levels of N and soil water content were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their effect on growth, water use efficiency, fertilizer‐N recovery efficiency (FNRE), and stem lignin and cellulose of coffee seedlings.The interaction between N and moisture did not produce a significant response in coffee growth. However, by increasing N, both water use efficiency and 13C content were enhanced, while growth, recovery of urea by plants, and stem strength were decreased. Water stress due to low soil water content increased water use efficiency, 13C content, and root to shoot ratio, but decreased shoot growth.These results demonstrate the effects of N supply and water balance and highlight the excessive amount of N typically applied to coffee seedlings as well as the importance of the acclimation process of young plants to changes in soil N and water. All of these are important considerations in improving management strategies to reduce environmental impact while sustaining optimal productivity.
Effect of roasting conditions on the composition and antioxidant properties of defatted walnut flour
Authors: Santos Joana , Alvarez‐Ortí Manuel , Sena‐Moreno Estela , Rabadán Adrián , Pardo José E , Beatriz PP Oliveira M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWalnut oil extraction by pressure systems produces a press cake as a by‐product, with many of the beneficial walnut properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the composition and antioxidant properties of walnut flours submitted to different roasting protocols (50, 100 and 150 °C during 30, 60 and 120 min).RESULTSAll walnut flours had about 42% protein and a significant amount of dietary fibre (17%), not being affected by the roasting process. Nonetheless, the fat content increased around 50% in walnuts flours subjected to longer and higher roasting temperatures (150 °C). The lipid fraction showed a good nutritional quality with a high vitamin E content (mainly γ‐tocopherol) and fatty acid profile rich in linoleic and linolenic acids. The high phenolic content also provides great antioxidant capacity to the flours.CONCLUSIONMild roasting of walnuts did not affect the quality of the flours that could be used as a functional ingredient in the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry