bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De onde vem a canção?: uma pergunta que a poesia não cala
Authors: Morais Márcia Marques de , Rocha Sílvio Rodrigo de Moura 
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho pretende analisar a canção “De onde vem a canção?”, do músico brasileiro Lenine, como um produto cultural e estético que nasce da consonância entre discurso verbal e musical, considerando a letra em sua interface com a melodia e os elementos constitutivos do plano musical da peça. Nesse sentido, defendemos, com Luiz Tatit (1995), que o cancionista é uma espécie de artista/malabarista que equilibra a melodia no texto e o texto na melodia, procurando, em nosso caso, maneiras de responder a uma pergunta fundadora e angustiante, ao modo “quem somos nós?” ou “de onde viemos?”.
The Linguistic Technique of Parallelism in Al-Ahwas Al-Ansari’s Poetry: A Stylistic Study
Authors: Al-halhooli Mah’d Ahmad , Al-Khawaldeh Nisreen , Shureteh Halla 
Published: November 2016

Parallelism is one of the most conspicuous stylistic techniques that are marked by the receiver's ear, and it also has an excellent musical rhythm. Al-Ahwas[1] thoroughly familiarizes readers with an entire host of parallelistic arrangements in his poetry, which makes the semantic units a rich material for the aesthetic study. The present study presents the most beautiful uses of all varieties of parallelism in a corpus of Al-Ahwas's poetry, as the reader of his poetry would never miss observing the many images of parallelism based on semantic concordance, as well as the parallelism that appears in one line, or in a stanza, based on structural concordance, in addition to the parallelism formed by the morphological rhythm which is based on the repetition of a morphological derivative formulae. Al-Ahwas did not suffice himself with the similar morphological formulae to achieve rhythm, but he also aimed at the parallelism achieved by repetition, which falls into several patterns. They can be included in one verse line, or within a number lines conforming to one idea, but with different contexts. The second pattern of repetition in terms of rhythm and structure is Epanaphora, or Epanalepsis: which is a repetitive structure based on inserting a word at the beginning of the speech and then repeating the same word at the end of the speech. Al-Ahwas achieved a high rhythmical harmony using parallelism besides a semantic goal by deliberately intensifying parallel words and functioning units in a network revolving around the dominant idea. This study hopes to pave the way for future avenues of studies in poetry under the category of stylistics.Keywords: Parallelism, stylistics, Al-Ahwas’s poetry [1]. The poet Al-Ahwas Al-Ansari. He is Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Asim bin Thabit al-Ansari, one of the Umayyad poets, died in Damascus in 105 AH / 723 AD. He was called Al-Ahwas for a tightness in his eye. He is an Islamic satire poet.
The Concept of Lenition as the Phonemic Linguistic Phenomena
Authors: Alkazwini Azhar A. 
Published: November 2016

The term 'lenition’ has numerous definitions offered in the Phonology of English language, some of which will be discussed in this study. Moreover, “Spirantization”, “approximantization”, “debuccalization” and “voicing” are changes that are counted as lenition. There are also different types of lenition, and different views regarding what lenitions have in common. Some phonologists perceive lenition as the loss of segmental material, while it is perceived by others as an increase in sonority (Honeybone 2012). With regards to lenition in the English Language, English does not have such widespread lenitions. There are other phenomena that can be regarded as lenition in the English Language, and this will be casted light on it further in the current paper.Keywords: lenition, Phonology, English Language, Spirantization, Approximantization, Debuccalization, Weakening, Affrication of Plosives
The impact of Labrador Sea temperature and salinity variability on density and the subpolar AMOC in a decadal prediction system
Authors: Menary Matthew B. , Hermanson Leon , Dunstone Nick J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLabrador Sea density variability is important for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) dynamics and hence decadal variability in the Atlantic. We investigate whether temperature or salinity dominate top 500 m interannual Labrador Sea density variability in gridded observations, an assimilation of the observations, and a set of multiannual hindcasts. We find that salinity dominates in the observations and assimilation. In the hindcasts salinity remains dominant for the first year but from year three these revert to the same temperature dominance seen in the underlying climate model. This is due to damping of the interannual salinity variability, possibly caused by unrealistically large convection that develops. Crucially, the hindcasts have high correlation skill in temperature/salinity throughout, but no skill in density, dynamic sea level, or the subpolar AMOC due to the incorrect drivers. This highlights the importance of correctly simulating both the sign and magnitude of temperature/salinity variability in a prediction system.
Inertia‐induced accumulation of flotsam in the subtropical gyres
Authors: Beron‐Vera F. J. , Olascoaga M. J. , Lumpkin R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent surveys of marine plastic debris density have revealed high levels in the center of the subtropical gyres. Earlier studies have argued that the formation of great garbage patches is due to Ekman convergence in such regions. In this work we report a tendency so far overlooked of drogued and undrogued drifters to accumulate distinctly over the subtropical gyres, with undrogued drifters accumulating in the same areas where plastic debris accumulate. We show that the observed accumulation is too fast for Ekman convergence to explain it. We demonstrate that the accumulation is controlled by finite‐size and buoyancy (i.e., inertial) effects on undrogued drifter motion subjected to ocean current and wind drags. We infer that the motion of flotsam in general is constrained by similar effects. This is done by using a newly proposed Maxey‐Riley equation which models the submerged (surfaced) drifter portion as a sphere of the fractional volume that is submerged (surfaced).
Ring current pressure estimation with RAM‐SCB using data assimilation and Van Allen Probe flux data
Authors: Godinez H. C. , Yu Y. , Lawrence E. , Henderson M. G. , Larsen B. , Jordanova V. K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCapturing and subsequently modeling the influence of tail plasma injections on the inner magnetosphere is important for understanding the formation and evolution of the ring current. In this study, the ring current distribution is estimated with the Ring Current‐Atmosphere Interactions Model with Self‐Consistent Magnetic field (RAM‐SCB) using, for the first time, data assimilation techniques and particle flux data from the Van Allen Probes. The state of the ring current within the RAM‐SCB model is corrected via an ensemble based data assimilation technique by using proton flux from one of the Van Allen Probes, to capture the enhancement of the ring current following an isolated substorm event on 18 July 2013. The results show significant improvement in the estimation of the ring current particle distributions in the RAM‐SCB model, leading to better agreement with observations. This newly implemented data assimilation technique in the global modeling of the ring current thus provides a promising tool to improve the characterization of particle distribution in the near‐Earth regions.
Is the flow‐aligned component of IMF really able to impact the magnetic field structure of Venusian magnetotail?
Authors: Rong Z. J. , Stenberg G. , Wei Y. , Chai L. H. , Futaana Y. , Barabash S. , Wan W. X. , Shen C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn earlier statistical survey suggested that the flow‐aligned component of upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) may play an important role in controlling the lobe asymmetries of the Venusian magnetotail. The tail current sheet would be displaced and the magnetic field configuration would show asymmetries with respect to the current sheet. The asymmetries are expected to be more evident when the flow‐aligned component becomes dominant. Here with carefully selected cases as well as a statistical study based on Venus Express observations in the near‐Venus tail, we show that the lobe asymmetries of the magnetic field as well as the displacement of the current sheet are common characteristics of the Venusian magnetotail. However, the asymmetries and the displacement of the current sheet do not show a significant dependence on the flow‐aligned component of the IMF. Our results suggest that the flow‐aligned component of IMF cannot penetrate into the near magnetotail to impact the magnetic field structure.
Interaction between the supercontinent cycle and the evolution of intrinsically dense provinces in the deep mantle
Authors: Trim Sean J. , Lowman Julian P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractShear wave travel times in the Earth's deep mantle reveal broad steep‐sided seismologically distinct provinces lying on the core‐mantle boundary. The longevity and permanence of the two large principal provinces, located below the sites of present‐day Africa and the Pacific Ocean, have become a matter of great interest. Examination of the flood basalt record and kimberlite eruption dating suggests the presence of these provinces may disclose a deep mantle component with a compositionally distinct origin that plays a role in the generation of mantle plumes at preferred locations. By extension, the presence of these provinces may affect the supercontinent cycle. Implementing a mantle convection model featuring distinct continental lithosphere and a compositionally anomalous and intrinsically dense (CAID) component, we study the distribution and mobility of naturally forming, compositionally distinct provinces and their impact on model supercontinent assembly. We employ 2‐D Cartesian geometry calculations of thermochemical convection with extremely low compositional diffusion to model Earth‐like convective vigor on a global scale and find that an intrinsically dense mantle component generally aggregates into one or two broad provinces. The positions of the provinces are time dependent, but in many of our calculations the province locations are characterized by periods of fixity that reach several hundred million years. Eras of province and associated plume fixity are punctuated by periods of relatively rapid migration. A correlation between supercontinent position and the locations of CAID provinces is not supported by our findings. However, we find that the frequency of supercontinent assemblies increases when CAID provinces are present.
Advanced seismic imaging techniques characterize the Alpine Fault at Whataroa (New Zealand)
Authors: Lay V. , Buske S. , Lukács A. , Gorman A. R. , Bannister S. , Schmitt D. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe plate‐bounding Alpine Fault in New Zealand is an 850 km long transpressive continental fault zone that is late in its earthquake cycle. We have acquired and processed reflection seismic data to image the subsurface around the main drill site of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP‐2). The resulting velocity models and seismic images of the upper 5 km show complex subsurface structures around the Alpine Fault zone. The most prominent feature is a strong reflector at depths of 1.5–2.2 km with an apparent dip of 48° to the southeast below the DFDP‐2 borehole, which we assume to be the main trace of the Alpine Fault. Above the main reflector, parallel reflectors suggest the presence of a ∼600 m wide damage zone. Additionally, subparallel reflectors are imaged that we interpret as secondary branches of the main fault zone. Conjugate faults imaged by the data show the complexity of the subsurface. The derived P wave velocity model reveals a 300–600 m thick sedimentary layer with velocities of ∼2.3 km/s above a schist basement with velocities of 4.5–5.5 km/s. A low‐velocity layer can be observed within the basement at 0.8–2 km depth. A small‐scale low‐velocity anomaly appears at the top of the basement that can be correlated to the fault zone. The results provide a reliable basis for a seismic characterization of the DFDP‐2 drill site that can be used for further structural and geological investigations of the architecture of the Alpine Fault in this area.
Contribution of eye excess energy to the intensification rate of tropical cyclones: A numerical study
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Heng Junyao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractContribution of the near‐surface high energy air in the eye region to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification rate (IR) has been evaluated based on idealized numerical experiments using a cloud‐resolving, nonhydrostatic atmospheric model. The results show that when the surface entropy flux was turned off in the eye region, the equivalent potential temperature and convective available potential energy in the eye were largely suppressed while the IR of the simulated storm was reduced by about 30% in the rapid intensification (RI) phase. This suggests that the near‐surface high energy air in the eye region contributed about 42% to the IR of the simulated storm. The results also showed that the number of convective bursts and the rainfall rate averaged in the inner‐core region did not display significant differences. This suggests that the effect of the near‐surface high energy air in the eye region on the simulated TC IR was not through the modifications to the overall strength of eyewall convection as previously hypothesized. It is found that the removal of surface entropy flux in the eye region resulted in a slower eyewall contraction and the larger radius of maximum wind (RMW). The results suggest that the near‐surface high energy air in the eye region can initiate convection near the inner edge of the eyewall and facilitates eyewall contraction, leading to higher inner‐core inertial stability and thus higher dynamical efficiency of eyewall heating in spinning up the tangential winds near the RMW and larger IR of the simulated TC.
Impact of hydrologically driven hillslope erosion and landslide occurrence on soil organic carbon dynamics in tropical watersheds
Authors: Dialynas Yannis G. , Bastola Satish , Bras Rafael L. , Marin‐Spiotta Erika , Silver Whendee L. , Arnone Elisa , Noto Leonardo V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle. Past attempts to quantify the net C exchange with the atmosphere in regional and global budgets do not systematically account for dynamic feedbacks among linked hydrological, geomorphological, and biogeochemical processes, which control the fate of SOC. Here we quantify effects of geomorphic perturbations on SOC oxidation and accumulation in two adjacent wet tropical forest watersheds underlain by contrasting lithology (volcaniclastic rock and quartz diorite) in the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory. This study uses the spatially explicit and physically based model of SOC dynamics tRIBS‐ECO (Triangulated Irregular Network‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator‐Erosion and Carbon Oxidation) and measurements of SOC profiles and oxidation rates. Our results suggest that hillslope erosion at the two watersheds may drive C sequestration or CO2release to the atmosphere, depending on the forest type and land use. The net erosion‐induced C exchange with the atmosphere was controlled by the spatial distribution of forest types. The two watersheds were characterized by significant erosion and dynamic replacement of upland SOC stocks. Results suggest that the landscape underlain by volcaniclastic rock has reached a state close to geomorphic equilibrium, and the landscape underlain by quartz diorite is characterized by greater rates of denudation. These findings highlight the importance of the spatially explicit and physical representation of C erosion driven by local variation in lithological and geomorphological characteristics and in forest cover.
An improved multilevel Monte Carlo method for estimating probability distribution functions in stochastic oil reservoir simulations
Authors: Lu Dan , Zhang Guannan , Webster Clayton , Barbier Charlotte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, we develop an improved multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for estimating cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of a quantity of interest, coming from numerical approximation of large‐scale stochastic subsurface simulations. Compared with Monte Carlo (MC) methods, that require a significantly large number of high‐fidelity model executions to achieve a prescribed accuracy when computing statistical expectations, MLMC methods were originally proposed to significantly reduce the computational cost with the use of multifidelity approximations. The improved performance of the MLMC methods depends strongly on the decay of the variance of the integrand as the level increases. However, the main challenge in estimating CDFs is that the integrand is a discontinuous indicator function whose variance decays slowly. To address this difficult task, we approximate the integrand using a smoothing function that accelerates the decay of the variance. In addition, we design a novel a posteriori optimization strategy to calibrate the smoothing function, so as to balance the computational gain and the approximation error. The combined proposed techniques are integrated into a very general and practical algorithm that can be applied to a wide range of subsurface problems for high‐dimensional uncertainty quantification, such as a fine‐grid oil reservoir model considered in this effort. The numerical results reveal that with the use of the calibrated smoothing function, the improved MLMC technique significantly reduces the computational complexity compared to the standard MC approach. Finally, we discuss several factors that affect the performance of the MLMC method and provide guidance for effective and efficient usage in practice.
Post‐Acute Rehabilitation After Total Knee Replacement: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Fransen Marlene , Nairn Lillias , Bridgett Lisa , Crosbie Jack , March Lyn , Parker David , Crawford Ross , Harmer Alison R. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term benefit of providing a post‐acute, outpatient group exercise program for patients following primary total knee replacement (TKR) surgery for osteoarthritis.MethodsA multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted in 12 Australian public and private hospital centers. A total of 422 participants, ages 45–75 years, were randomly allocated prior to hospital discharge to the post‐acute group exercise program or to usual care and were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. The main outcomes were operated knee pain and activity limitations at 12 months using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included health‐related quality of life (Short Form 12 health survey), knee extension and flexion strength, stair‐climb power, 50‐foot walk speed, and active knee range of motion.ResultsWhile both allocation groups achieved significant improvements in knee pain and activity limitations over the 12‐month followup period, there were no significant differences in these main outcomes, or in the secondary physical performance measures, between the 2 treatment allocations. Twelve months after TKR, 69% and 72% of participants allocated to post‐acute exercise and usual acute care, respectively, were considered to be treatment‐responders. While population normative values for self‐report measures of pain, activity limitation, and health‐related quality of life were attained 12 months after TKR, marked deficits in physical performance measures remained.ConclusionProviding access to a post‐acute group exercise program did not result in greater reductions in long‐term knee pain or activity limitations than usual care. Patients undergoing primary TKR retain marked physical performance deficits 12 months after surgery.
Organoclay enabled nanofiber formation from a polyolefin elastomer
Authors: Sachin Kumar Balakrishnamurthy , Prakrthi Alankaru Narayana , Senthil Thangaraj , Udaya Bhat Kuruveri , Anandhan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe solution electrospinning of polyolefins has not been deeply studied mainly due to the difficulty in dissolving these polymers in appropriate solvents. In this study, composite nanofibers of organically modified montmorillonite/ethylene‐octene random copolymer were produced for the first time with a mixture of cyclohexane and xylene as a solvent by solution electrospinning. Montmorillonite was used as an additive to increase the electrical charge density of the polymer solution. The influence of solution and process parameters on the electrospun ethylene‐octene copolymer fibers' morphology and diameter was investigated using the design of experiment. Multiple regression analysis was used for the optimization of the electrospinning parameters. Ultrafine fibers, with diameters in the range of 150–350 nm were obtained; these nanofibers exhibited an excellent hydrophobicity over a period of 10 min as revealed by contact angle measurements.
Beware of a multi‐fibroid uterus: The importance of ultrasound reporting in the early detection of uterine sarcomas
Authors: Hannemann Bernard , McKnoulty Matthew , Kothari Alka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrimary uterine malignancy masquerading as a benign leiomyoma is a rare yet devastating condition if missed on ultrasound. Although there are no current guidelines to aide in early ultrasound identification of these high‐risk patients prior to histological analysis, certain imaging characteristics may heighten the suspicion of malignancy. Unfortunately, these atypical features are often not included in ultrasonographic reports resulting in delayed treatment and catastrophic consequences. We present a case of a uterine Ewing's sarcoma (ES), which was diagnosed as a multi‐fibroid uterus on initial ultrasound. The lack of clinical suspicion resulted in a delay to definitive diagnosis and a sub‐optimal surgical resection. We compare this to a standard case of a multi‐fibroid uterus in order to highlight the differences in ultrasonographic appearance. This case delineates the importance of accurate identification and open reporting of suspicious features in order to assist ultrasonographers and specialist gynaecologists in creating a differential diagnosis of an otherwise common condition. A high index of suspicion of atypical lesions may lead to early life‐saving interventions and careful tissue control during surgery, resulting in improved patient outcomes.