bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dural sinus obstruction following head injury: a diagnostic and clinical study
Authors: Benifla Mony , Yoel Uri , Melamed Israel , Merkin Vladimir , Cohen Avi , Shelef Ilan 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with skull fracture adjacent to a dural venous sinus (DVS) and evaluate the role of CT venography (CTV) in the diagnosis of the effect of this fracture on the involved DVS.

METHODS
The study comprised patients with vault or skull base fracture adjacent to a DVS who were admitted to 1 medical center during a 2-year period. The medical records were reviewed for the clinical and radiographic characteristics. All patients had undergone CTV to evaluate potential DVS pathology. The clinical and radiological findings of the patients with DVS pathology were compared with those of the patients with normal DVS. The groups were compared using the chi-square and t-tests for categorical and continuous data, respectively. The potential risk for poor outcome among the patients with DVS pathology was also investigated.

RESULTS
Of 434 patients with skull fractures, 41 (9.4%) had fractures adjacent to a DVS. DVS pathology was detected in 51% of patients (21 of 41 patients). For 9 (43%) patients, obstruction was extraluminal without thrombosis, and 12 (57%) patients had dural sinus thrombosis (DST). In patients with a positive-CTV scan, the severity of injury according to the Glasgow Coma Scale score at presentation was correlated with the presence of DST (p = 0.007). The sensitivity of noncontrast CT (NCCT) for DVS involvement was 38% among the patients with positive-CTV scans. For patients with DVS pathology, poor outcome was correlated with DST (intraluminal), rather than extraluminal obstruction without thrombosis (p = 0.02), and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) involvement (p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
NCCT is not sensitive enough to detect DVS obstruction in patients with skull fracture adjacent to a DVS, and CTV should be performed in order to rule it out. A correlation was found between the severity of injury and the presence of DST, rather than extraluminal obstruction. The authors' findings suggest that DST and SSS involvement may be indicators of poor outcome in patients with skull fracture adjacent to DVS.
Ethical Justification of Conducting Research Trials in Lower and Middle Income Countries Including Pakistan: The Responsibilities of Research Enterprises
Authors: Rafique Zoheb 
Published: May 2016

Asia is the most diverse continent in the world in terms of culture, religion, population size, finance, education, health care, academic research, general population skills, and governmental drug regulations. Each Asian country has its own unique qualities when it comes to attracting industry sponsored clinical trials. Factors that influence selecting location of a study site for a sponsored trial are mainly population size, infrastructure, education levels, and quality of health care, cost and drug regulatory platform. Conducting research in traditional countries like Pakistan adds another dimension to the problems in assuring that research conducted in an ethical manner. The indigenous layer of the cultural values makes it even more difficult task, but this is the task that we are morally and ethically bound to shoulder.
Ethical Issues of Fair Subject Selection in the Research
Authors: Rahman Sifat 
Published: May 2016

Ethics and ethical principles extend to all spheres of human activity. They apply to our dealings with each other, with animals and the environment. They should govern our interactions not only in conducting research but also in commerce, employment and politics. Ethics serve to identify good, desirable or acceptable conduct and provide reasons for those conclusions. Fair subject selection is the first and foremost concern which must be ensured before initiating a research project. Which subjects may enroll in the research is determined by the studys inclusion or exclusion criteria. One of the important aspects of fair subject selection is to have an oversight system through International Review Board (IRB) to review to conduct the research and to have approval whether subject selection is fair or not.
COLD MILKY WAY H i GAS IN FILAMENTS
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W. , Kerp J. , Haud U. , Winkel B. , Bekhti N. Ben , Flöer L. , Lenz D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate data from the Galactic Effelsberg-Bonn H i Survey, supplemented with data from the third release of the Galactic All Sky Survey (GASS III) observed at Parkes. We explore the all-sky distribution of the local Galactic H i gas with

∣

v

LSR

∣

<
25

km s−1 on angular scales of 11′–16′. Unsharp masking is applied to extract small-scale features. We find cold filaments that are aligned with polarized dust emission and conclude that the cold neutral medium (CNM) is mostly organized in sheets that are, because of projection effects, observed as filaments. These filaments are associated with dust ridges, aligned with the magnetic field measured on the structures by Planck at 353 GHz. The CNM above latitudes

∣
b
∣

>
20
°

is described by a log-normal distribution, with a median Doppler temperature T
D = 223 K, derived from observed line widths that include turbulent contributions. The median neutral hydrogen (H i) column density is N
H i
≃ 1019.1 cm−2. These CNM structures are embedded within a warm neutral medium with N
H i
≃ 1020 cm−2. Assuming an average distance of 100 pc, we derive for the CNM sheets a thickness of ≲0.3 pc. Adopting a magnetic field strength of B
tot = (6.0 ± 1.8) μG, proposed by Heiles & Troland, and assuming that the CNM filaments are confined by magnetic pressure, we estimate a thickness of 0.09 pc. Correspondingly, the median volume density is in the range 14 ≲ n ≲ 47 cm−3.
A COLD FLARE WITH DELAYED HEATING
Authors: Fleishman Gregory D. , Pal'shin Valentin D. , Meshalkina Natalia , Lysenko Alexandra L. , Kashapova Larisa K. , Altyntsev Alexander T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, a number of peculiar flares have been reported that demonstrate significant nonthermal particle signatures with low, if any, thermal emission, which implies a close association of the observed emission with the primary energy release/electron acceleration region. This paper presents a flare that appears “cold” at the impulsive phase, while displaying delayed heating later on. Using hard X-ray data from Konus-Wind, microwave observations by SSRT, RSTN, NoRH, and NoRP, context observations, and three-dimensional modeling, we study the energy release, particle acceleration, and transport, and the relationships between the nonthermal and thermal signatures. The flaring process is found to involve the interaction between a small loop and a big loop with the accelerated particles divided roughly equally between them. Precipitation of the electrons from the small loop produced only a weak thermal response because the loop volume was small, while the electrons trapped in the big loop lost most of their energy in the coronal part of the loop, which resulted in coronal plasma heating but no or only weak chromospheric evaporation, and thus unusually weak soft X-ray emission. The energy losses of the fast electrons in the big tenuous loop were slow, which resulted in the observed delay of the plasma heating. We determined that the impulsively accelerated electron population had a beamed angular distribution in the direction of the electric force along the magnetic field of the small loop. The accelerated particle transport in the big loop was primarily mediated by turbulent waves, which is similar to other reported cold flares.
THE GALACTIC O-STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY (GOSSS). III. 142 ADDITIONAL O-TYPE SYSTEMS*
Authors: Apellániz J. Maíz , Sota A. , Arias J. I. , Barbá R. H. , Walborn N. R. , Simón-Díaz S. , Negueruela I. , Marco A. , Leão J. R. S. , Herrero A. , Gamen R. C. , Alfaro E. J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
This is the third installment of the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS), a massive spectroscopic survey of Galactic O stars, based on new homogeneous, high signal-to-noise ratio, R ∼ 2500 digital observations selected from the Galactic O-Star Catalog. In this paper, we present 142 additional stellar systems with O stars from both hemispheres, bringing the total of O-type systems published within the project to 590. Among the new objects, there are 20 new O stars. We also identify 11 new double-lined spectroscopic binaries, 6 of which are of O+O type and 5 of O+B type, and an additional new tripled-lined spectroscopic binary of O+O+B type. We also revise some of the previous GOSSS classifications, present some egregious examples of stars erroneously classified as O-type in the past, introduce the use of luminosity class IV at spectral types O4-O5.5, and adapt the classification scheme to the work of Arias et al.
Alloimmunity and Tolerance in Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Amouzegar Afsaneh , Chauhan Sunil K. , Dana Reza 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCorneal transplantation is one of the most prevalent and successful forms of solid tissue transplantation. Despite favorable outcomes, immune-mediated graft rejection remains the major cause of corneal allograft failure. Although low-risk graft recipients with uninflamed graft beds enjoy a success rate ∼90%, the rejection rates in inflamed graft beds or high-risk recipients often exceed 50%, despite maximal immune suppression. In this review, we discuss the critical facets of corneal alloimmunity, including immune and angiogenic privilege, mechanisms of allosensitization, cellular and molecular mediators of graft rejection, and allotolerance induction.
Review of the Relationship between Board Attributes and Firm Performance
Authors: Kakanda Mohammed Mahmud , Salim Basariah , Chandren Sitraselvi 
Published: May 2016

<p>Corporate governance over the years has become an issue of global concern due to the 2008 economic crisis and several financial scandals and corporate failures. This has drawn the attention of policy makers, researchers, investors and regulatory institutions. Moreover, the most significant mechanism of corporate governance is board of directors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review previous studies that examine the relationship between board attributes and firm performance, and to identify possible literature gaps. For the purpose of this review, related materials were being gathered from Emerald management e-Journals and Research Gate database. The paper synthesizes empirical findings on the relationship between selected dimensions of board attributes and firm performance. The paper identifies shortcoming of past studies and concluded by offering some avenues for future researches in this promising area of empirical research. </p>
Occupy Strikes Back: Strike Debt's Slave Revolt
Authors: Julin Grant 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article offers a Nietzschean analysis of Occupy Wall Street offshoot Strike Debt to defend the movement as an authentic application of his moral theory. In addition, it argues that Strike Debt's tactics, independent of any Nietzschean justification, offer a just, nonviolent, and effective means to empower debtors against the exploitative and oppressive forces of debt culture.
El desarrollo de los Talleres de Evaluación, Programación y Capacitación educativa TEPCE y su aplicabilidad en el aula multinivel del preescolar
Authors: Hernández Pérez Sandra Ivania , Cuadra Pineda Hosny Edith , González Vellecillo Kenia María , Benavides Laguna Juana De Jesús 
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo trata sobre el Desarrollo de los Talleres de Evaluación, Programación y Capacitación Educativa (TEPCE), y su aplicabilidad en el aula de clases multinivel del preescolar Janeth Rodríguez del municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Estelí, en el segundo semestre del año 2014. En esta investigación se analiza la relación que existe entre el desarrollo de los TEPCE y la aplicación en el aula de clases, como facilita los procesos de planificación y evaluación y su incidencia en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los niños y niñas de Educación Inicial. El método utilizado fue el cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo el cual permitió diseñar instrumentos de recolección de la información apropiados para analizar el fenómeno de acuerdo a la realidad estudiada, entre estos esta la entrevista, observación y grupo focal. Al concluir el presente estudio se determinó que no existe relación entre las estrategias metodológicas orientadas en el desarrollo de los TEPCE y las puestas en práctica en el aula de clase, debido a que en el TEPCE no se están orientando nuevas estrategias, además se llegó a la conclusión que la principal desventaja en el desarrollo de los TEPCE es el tiempo, ya que en el tiempo asignado para su desarrollo se dan otras actividades.
Nicaragua y las energías limpias
Authors: López Herrera Eduardo 
Published: May 2016

La naturaleza le ha dado a Nicaragua una gran fortaleza en cuanto a las energías limpias que posee, aptas para su explotación racional y en provecho de la población y de la preservación del medio ambiente, sobre todo en este contexto tan complejo que vivimos, signado por el calentamiento global y sus consecuencias, que hoy vivimos.
The Quality of Written Prescriptions Received at Dental Laboratories in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Koodaryan Roodabeh , Hafezeqoran Ali 
Published: May 2016

<p><strong>AIM:</strong> This study was aimed at evaluating the quality of written prescriptions for fixed and removable prosthesis in Tabriz, northwest Iran.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> To assess the quality of written prescriptions for fixed and removable partial dentures, a total of 600 questionnaires were distributed among 15 licensed dental laboratories receiving both fixed and removable prosthesis projects. The technicians were instructed to complete the questionnaires for all the received projects of fixed and removable partial prostheses and the responses were evaluated.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Only 9.3% of prescriptions had clearly mentioned the status of disinfection. The patient’s demographic data (age and sex) was noted in 41.3% of written prescription. Information about the shade, ceramic veneering area, and margin design of fixed partial dentures were determined in 82.6%, 16.3%, and 13.3% of cases, respectively. The number of pontics was mentioned in 41% and pontic design in 11% of written prescriptions. For removable partial prostheses, the clasp type and position and connector design were specified in 47.7% and 30.7% of cases, respectively. However, artificial tooth molds were only mentioned in 27.3% of prescriptions<strong>.</strong></p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Unfortunately, written prescriptions were mostly incomplete which may adversely affect the quality of prosthetic treatment. </p>
Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Alleviation of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Toyserkani Navid Mohamadpour , Jensen Charlotte Harken , Sheikh Søren Paludan , Sørensen Jens Ahm 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Lymphedema is one of the most frequent side effects following cancer treatment, and treatment opportunities for it are currently lacking. Stem cell therapy has been proposed as a possible novel treatment modality. This study was the first case in which freshly isolated adipose-derived stromal cells were used to treat lymphedema. Treatment was given as a cell-assisted lipotransfer in which 4.07 × 107 cells were injected with 10 ml of lipoaspirate in the axillary region. Four months after treatment, the patient reported a great improvement in daily symptoms, reduction in need for compression therapy, and volume reduction of her affected arm. There were no adverse events. The outcome for this patient provides support for the potential use of cellular therapy for lymphedema treatment. We have begun a larger study to further test the feasibility and safety of this procedure (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02592213).

Significance
Lymphedema is a very debilitating side effect of cancer treatment and has very few treatment options. Stem cell therapy has the potential to change the treatment paradigm from a conservative to a more curative approach. Freshly isolated, autologous, adipose-derived stromal cells were combined with a fat-graft procedure to treat lymphedema. The treated patient had great improvement in daily symptoms, a reduced need for compression therapy, and a reduction in arm volume after 4 months. There were no adverse events. The use of cellular therapy for lymphedema treatment is supported by this patient's outcome. A phase II study has begun to further test its feasibility and safety.
Alterações posturais em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia para retirada do câncer de mama
Authors: Beleza Ana Carolina Sartorato , Pinto Laís De Oliveira , Loureiro Alessandra Fernandes , Sá Cristina Dos Santos Cardoso de 
Published: May 2016

Introdução: A cirurgia para a retirada do câncer de mama leva a repercussões no corpo da mulher e influencia diretamente sua postura. Objetivo: Identificar as alterações posturais em mulheres submetidas a tal procedimento e compará-las com o tipo de cirurgia. Métodos: Foi avaliada a postura de 23 voluntárias selecionadas por conveniência por meio do software SAPO. Resultados: Das mulheres avaliadas, 52,2% apresentaram rotação de cabeça à esquerda e elevação de ombro à direita, 56,5%, elevação da pelve à esquerda, e 65,2%, inclinação de tronco à esquerda. Em 100% das mulheres observou-se anteriorização da cabeça, 87% tiveram deslocamento posterior do tronco e 82,6% demonstraram ter anteversão pélvica. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os tipos de cirurgia. Conclusão: As mulheres apresentaram alterações no alinhamento da cabeça, do ombro, da pelve e do tronco. Porém, essas alterações não foram diferentes quando comparados os tipos de cirurgia.
Principais queixas osteomusculares em músicos da região do ABC paulista: um estudo de prevalência
Authors: Reijani Nádia , Benetti Fernanda Antico 
Published: May 2016

Introdução: Os músicos são profissionais com diversos fatores predisponentes a desenvolver o adoecimento ocupacional. Na maioria das vezes, eles apresentam queixas graves. A conscientização do músico para os riscos que ele pode sofrer e os métodos de prevenção são essenciais para evitar maiores danos que possam impedir a prática da atividade que o profissional exerce, uma vez que a música é relacionada ao bem-estar, ao equilíbrio emocional e ao divertimento. Objetivo: Levantar dados e analisar quais são as principais queixas osteomusculares dos músicos devido à postura adquirida na prática instrumentista. Métodos: A amostra conteve 80 músicos estudantes e profissionais da Associação Cultural Tocando a Vida, da Big Band da Fundação das Artes de São Caetano do Sul e da Orquestra Sinfônica Jovem da Fundação das Artes de São Caetano do Sul. Esses músicos passaram por uma triagem e posteriormente responderam o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Resultados: Foi observado que, para todas as famílias de instrumentos, a metade ou mais apresentam dor causada pela prática instrumentista. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que as regiões das mãos e da coluna tanto dorsal quanto lombar foram os locais mais afetados pela prática instrumentista independente de a qual família o instrumento pertença. Não foi possível analisar e relacionar a prevalência das lesões osteomusculares dos músicos, pois a grande maioria não realizava acompanhamento médico e não apresentava diagnóstico clínico.
Hidroterapia no equilíbrio dinâmico e nas atividades de vida diária de pacientes com neurotoxoplasmose associada à Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida
Authors: Oliveira Larissa De Salgado de , Medeiros Elciane Souza de , Machado Helber Thiago De Assunção , Moraes Anderson Antunes da Costa , Oliveira Ediléa Monteiro de , Rocha Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa 
Published: May 2016

Introdução: Por comprometer as células de defesa do organismo, o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana torna o indivíduo vulnerável ao aparecimento de diversas doenças, entre elas a neurotoxoplasmose. Objetivo: Verificar a influência de um protocolo de hidroterapia no equilíbrio dinâmico e nas atividades de vida diária de pacientes com neurotoxoplasmose associada à Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA). Métodos: Participaram 15 voluntários, três (20%) do sexo feminino e 12 (80%) do masculino, com média de idade de 37,44±5,5 anos e diagnóstico de neurotoxoplasmose decorrente da SIDA, cadastrados na Unidade de Referência Especializada em Doenças Infectocontagiosas Parasitárias Especiais. Foram submetidos à avaliação do equilíbrio dinâmico pelo Índice de Marcha Dinâmico e à avaliação das atividades de vida diária pelo Índice de Barthel, pré- e pós-hidroterapia, em piscina à temperatura média de 35°C, três vezes por semana em dias alternados, durante 50 minutos, totalizando oito semanas, ou seja, 24 sessões. Foi utilizado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para análise de variâncias do Índice de Marcha Dinâmica e do Índice de Barthel, e o teste t de Student para as comparações pré e pós-tratamento e nível de significância de α=0.05. Resultados: O equilíbrio dinâmico, considerando o escore total, apresentou significância estatística (p<0,0001), quando comparado pós-teste (20,3±2,5) em relação ao pré-teste (13,2±3,2). Quanto às atividades de vida diária, foi evidenciado valor estatisticamente significante (p=0,049) no pós-teste (98,8±2.2) quando comparado ao pré-teste (95,6±3.9). Conclusão: Neste estudo, o protocolo de hidroterapia melhorou o equilíbrio dinâmico e as atividades de vida diária de pacientes com neurotoxoplasmose associada à SIDA.
Eficácia do uso do Barbatimão (Stryfhnodendron barbatiman) no processo de cicatrização em lesões: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Passaretti Tereza , Guarnieri Ana Paula , Filipini Rosangela , Alves Beatriz Da Costa Aguiar , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso 
Published: May 2016

Existe grande prevalência de lesões em indivíduos tratados nas instituições hospitalares, o que representa enormes gastos e piora da qualidade de vida desses pacientes e de seus familiares, gerando um importante problema de saúde pública. O Barbatimão é tradicionalmente usado na cicatrização de ferimentos, a princípio, em animais; o extrato é rico em taninos condensados que são ativos no processo de cicatrização de tecidos da pele, sendo quase desconhecido pelos enfermeiros. Sintetizar os conhecimentos científicos sobre a eficácia do Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron barbatiman) no processo de cicatrização de feridas. Estudo descritivo exploratório; o procedimento técnico utilizado foi o levantamento bibliográfico, utilizando periódicos indexados em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais (LILACS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO e PubMed). O uso do Barbatimão demonstrou-se efetivo no processo de cicatrização na maioria dos artigos encontrados; cada artigo faz o uso do extrato em concentrações diferentes e apresentações diversas, sendo necessário o aprofundamento por meio de estudos que estabeleçam a concentração e a apresentação ideal do produto.
Deep-level transient spectroscopy of low-free-carrier-concentration n-GaN layers grown on freestanding GaN substrates: Dependence on carbon compensation ratio
Authors: Tanaka Takeshi , Shiojima Kenji , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Tokuda Yutaka 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Electron traps in n-GaN layers with a relatively low-free-carrier-concentration of approximately 1 × 1016 cm−3 were characterized by deep-level transient spectroscopy. Sample layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition with a thickness of 12 µm on freestanding GaN substrates, and were doped with both silicon and carbon. The measurement results showed a reduction in the density of carbon-related electron traps at an energy level of E
C −0.40 eV in GaN on GaN samples, compared with GaN on SiC samples. It was also observed that the doping of carbon significantly suppressed electron traps at E
C −0.61 eV, which was associated with the nitrogen antisite. Consequently, the possibility of minimizing all of the electron traps located between E
C −0.19 and −0.89 eV in n-GaN was demonstrated by controlling the carbon doping in the nitrogen site.