bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turmeric Cultivation in Erode District: An Analysis of Farmer Constraints
Authors: C Dhivya , R Arunkumar , Muthukumar R. 
Published: September 2024

Turmeric farming is a key agricultural activity in the Erode District of Tamil Nadu, contributing significantly to the region's economy. However, farmers in this area face a myriad of constraints that hinder their productivity and economic stability. This study investigates the specific challenges encountered by turmeric growers, focusing on technical, economic, marketing, storage, and general constraints. In terms of production, consumption, and exports, India leads the world in turmeric usage. India is estimated to produce 11.7 lakh metric tonnes of turmeric in 2022–2023. Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal are the main states in India that produce turmeric. In Tamil Nadu, 96,000 metric tons of turmeric are grown around 20,000 hectares. An ex-post facto research design was employed, with Kodumudi Block selected due to its prominence in turmeric cultivation in Erode district. A proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from five villages: Vengampur, Punjai Kollanali, Unjalur, Kollathupalayam, and Kodumudi. The inclusion of an interview schedule as the data collection tool adds depth to the study, as it allows for a structured approach to gathering information directly from the respondents, ensuring the reliability and validity of the findings. The data that were gathered was compiled and subjected to suitable statistical analysis like cumulative frequency method, percentage analysis and ranking method. The findings reveal that the most critical issues include high fluctuations in market prices, pest and disease outbreaks, inadequate storage facilities, and a lack of technical guidance. Economic challenges such as high input costs, difficulty in securing loans, and insufficient subsidies further exacerbate the situation. Marketing constraints, including poor transportation infrastructure and the absence of regulated markets, force farmers into distress sales. General issues like labor shortages and inadequate irrigation facilities add to the farmer burdens. To address these challenges, the study suggests implementing efficient irrigation systems, promoting integrated pest management (IPM) programs, establishing community-based storage facilities, and strengthening farmer cooperatives to enhance their bargaining power. Additionally, introducing government-backed procurement systems with minimum support prices (MSP) and improving access to financial services are recommended as the solutions. By tackling these constraints, the study aims to enhance the sustainability and profitability of turmeric farming in Erode District, ensuring a stable livelihood for the farmers.
New evidence of CO2 soil degassing anomalies on Piton de la Fournaise volcano and the link with volcano tectonic structures
Authors: Liuzzo M. , Di Muro A. , Giudice G. , Michon L. , Ferrazzini V. , Gurrieri S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPiton de la Fournaise (PdF) is recognized as one of the world's most active volcanoes in terms of eruptive frequency and the substantial quantity of lava produced. Yet with the sole exception of rather modest intracrateric fumarole activity, this seems to be in contrast with an apparent absence of any type of natural fluid emission during periods of quiescence. Measurement campaigns were undertaken during a long‐lasting quiescent period (2012–2014) and just after a short‐lived summit eruption (June 2014) in order to identify potential degassing areas in relation to the main structural features of the volcano (e.g., rift zones) with the aim of developing a broader understanding of the geometry of the plumbing and degassing system. In order to assess the possible existence of anomalous soil CO2 flux, 513 measurements were taken along transects roughly orthogonal to the known tectonic lineaments crossing PdF edifice. In addition, 53 samples of gas for C isotope analysis were taken at measurement points that showed a relatively high CO2 concentration in the soil. CO2 flux values range from 10 to 1300 g m−2 d−1 while δ13C are between −26.6 and −8‰. The results of our investigation clearly indicate that there is a strong spatial correlation between the anomalous high values of diffusive soil emissions and the main rift zones cutting the PdF massif and, moreover, that generally high soil CO2 fluxes show a δ13C signature clearly related to a magmatic origin.
Small interseismic asperities and widespread aseismic creep on the northern Japan subduction interface
Authors: Johnson Kaj M. , Mavrommatis Andreas , Segall Paul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe canonical model of fault coupling assumes that slip is partitioned into fixed asperities that display stick‐slip behavior and regions that creep stably. We show that this simple asperity model is inconsistent with GPS‐derived deformation in northern Japan associated with interseismic coupling on the subduction interface and the transient response to Mw 6.3–7.2 earthquakes during 2003–2011. Comparisons of GPS data with simulations of earthquakes on asperities and associated velocity‐strengthening afterslip require that afterslip overlaps areas of the fault that ruptured in previous earthquakes, including the 2011 Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake. Whereas about 55% of the plate interface ruptured in earthquakes during 2003–2011, we infer that only 9% of the plate interface was fully locked between earthquakes. Inferred locked asperities are roughly 25% the size of rupture areas determined by seismic source inversions. These smaller asperities are consistent with interseismic strain accumulation in 2009, although more extensive locking is required a decade earlier in 1998.
Uniform asymptotic approximations for transient waves due to an initial disturbance
Authors: Madsen Per A. , Schäffer Hemming A. , Fuhrman David R. , Toledo Yaron 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this work, we first present a semianalytical method for the evolution of linear fully dispersive transient waves generated by an initial surface displacement and propagating over a constant depth. The procedure starts from Fourier and Hankel transforms and involves a combination of the method of stationary phase, the method of uniform asymptotic approximations and various Airy integral formulations. Second, we develop efficient convolution techniques expressed as single and double summations over the source area. These formulations are flexible, extremely fast, and highly accurate even for the dispersive tail of the transient waves. To verify the accuracy of the embedded dispersion properties, we consider test cases with sharp‐edged disturbances in 1‐D and 2‐D. Furthermore, we consider the case of a relatively blunt Gaussian disturbance in 2‐D. In all cases, the agreement between the convolution results and simulations with a high‐order Boussinesq model is outstanding. Finally, we make an attempt to extend the convolution methods to geophysical tsunami problems taking into account, e.g., uneven bottom effects. Unfortunately, refraction/diffraction effects cannot easily be incorporated, so instead we focus on the incorporation of linear shoaling and its effect on travel time and temporal evolution of the surface elevation. The procedure is tested on data from the 2011 Japan tsunami. Convolution results are likewise compared to model simulations based on the nonlinear shallow water equations and both are compared with field observations from 10 deep water DART buoys. The near‐field results are generally satisfactory, while the far‐field results leave much to be desired.
Upper‐ocean mixing due to surface gravity waves
Authors: Wu Lichuan , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlée Erik 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSurface gravity waves play an important role in the lower layer of the atmosphere and the upper layer of the ocean. Surface waves effect upper‐ocean mixing mainly through four processes: wave breaking, Stokes drift interaction with the Coriolis force, Langmuir circulation, and stirring by nonbreaking waves. We introduce the impact of these four processes into a 1‐D
ocean turbulence model. The parameterizations used are based mainly on existing investigations. Comparison of simulation results and measurements demonstrates that considering all the effects of waves, rather than just one effect, significantly improves model performance. The nonbreaking‐wave‐induced mixing and Langmuir turbulence are the most important terms when considering the impact of waves on upper‐ocean mixing. Under high‐wave conditions, the turbulent mixing induced by nonbreaking waves can be of the same order of magnitude as the viscosity induced by other terms at the surface. Nonbreaking waves contribute very little to shear production and their impact is negligible in the models. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the vertical profile of the Stokes drift calculated from the 2‐D wave spectrum improves model performance significantly compared with other methods of introducing wave effects.
Marine seismic observation of internal solitary wave packets in the northeast South China Sea
Authors: Tang Qunshu , Hobbs Richard , Wang Dongxiao , Sun Longtao , Zheng Chan , Li Jiabiao , Dong Chongzhi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecently the novel seismic oceanography method has been reported to be an effective way to study the energetic internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea. An optimized seismic‐oceanographic cruise was carried out to observe such near‐surface ISWs on Dongsha Plateau in July 2014. Several soliton trains rather than single solitons were captured using the seismic technique. After seismic data processing, one prototypical rank‐ordered ISW packet on northeast side of Dongsha Island was clearly identified for further analysis. This included waveforms, propagation velocities, and vertical velocities for individual solitons. In this study, an improved scheme was applied to derive the transient phase velocities from the seismic data which is verified from independent satellite and hydrographic data. Analytical predictions from Korteweg‐de Vries equation fit better than the extended Korteweg‐de Vries equation ignoring background currents. Our results show that the seismic method can be successfully used to image targets in shallow water below 40 m and that seismic oceanography is a promising technique for studying near‐surface phenomena with high spatial resolution.
Covariations of SST and surface heat flux on 10–20 day and 30–60 day time scales over the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Authors: Wu Renguang , Cao Xi , Chen Shangfeng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the variability and relationship between intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and surface net heat flux (NHF) variations in the South China Sea and western North Pacific regions. It is shown that the intraseasonal SST variations and their coherence with surface heat flux variations display large differences between winter and summer and between 10–20 day and 30–60 day time scales. The intraseasonal SST variability is comparable on 10–20 day and 30–60 day time scales but larger during summer than during winter. The NHF variability is much larger on the 10–20 day time scale and during winter. The coherence between intraseasonal SST and NHF variations is higher during summer than during winter due to the seasonal change in the mixed‐layer depth. During summer, coherent intraseasonal SST and NHF variations are identified in a southwest‐northeast tilted region from the South China Sea to the subtropics on the 10–20 day time scale but within a broad zonal band from the South China Sea to the Philippine Sea on the 30–60 day time scale. Such difference is not discernable during winter. The contribution of NHF to the SST tendency is larger on the 30–60 day time scale than on the 10–20 day time scale and during summer than during winter. Latent heat flux provides a much larger contribution than shortwave radiation to intraseasonal SST variations in most regions except for the South China Sea during summer on the 30–60 day time scale.
Self‐accelerated development of salt karst during flash floods along the Dead Sea Coast, Israel
Authors: Avni Yoav , Lensky Nadav , Dente Elad , Shviro Maayan , Arav Reuma , Gavrieli Ittai , Yechieli Yoseph , Abelson Meir , Lutzky Hallel , Filin Sagi , Haviv Itai , Baer Gidon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe document and analyze the rapid development of a real‐time karst system within the subsurface salt layers of the Ze'elim Fan, Dead Sea, Israel by a multidisciplinary study that combines interferometric synthetic aperture radar and light detection and ranging measurements, sinkhole mapping, time‐lapse camera monitoring, groundwater level measurements and chemical and isotopic analyses of surface runoff and groundwater. The >1 m/yr drop of Dead Sea water level and the subsequent change in the adjacent groundwater system since the 1960s resulted in flushing of the coastal aquifer by fresh groundwater, subsurface salt dissolution, gradual land subsidence and formation of sinkholes. Since 2010 this process accelerated dramatically as flash floods at the Ze'elim Fan were drained by newly formed sinkholes. During and immediately after these flood events the dissolution rates of the subsurface salt layer increased dramatically, the overlying ground surface subsided, a large number of sinkholes developed over short time periods (hours to days), and salt‐saturated water resurged downstream. Groundwater flow velocities increased by more than 2 orders of magnitudes compared to previously measured velocities along the Dead Sea. The process is self‐accelerating as salt dissolution enhances subsidence and sinkhole formation, which in turn increase the ponding areas of flood water and generate additional draining conduits to the subsurface. The rapid terrain response is predominantly due to the highly soluble salt. It is enhanced by the shallow depth of the salt layer, the low competence of the newly exposed unconsolidated overburden and the moderate topographic gradients of the Ze'elim Fan.
Stability of soil organic matter accumulated under long‐term use as a rice paddy
Authors: Nakahara Shiko , Zou Ping , Ando Ho , Fu Jianrong , Cao Zhihong , Nakamura Toshio , Sugiura Yuki , Watanabe Akira 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo understand the mechanism responsible for the enhanced accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) under long‐term use as a rice paddy, soil samples from the plow layer from 16 fields that have been used for irrigated rice production from 5 to 2000 years in the Hangzhou Bay, China, were analyzed. The humin in silt/clay particles was isolated as a representative relatively stable SOM pool, and isotopic signatures (δ13C, δ15N, and 14C concentration), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and biodegradability in an incubation were examined. The amounts of C and N in the bulk soil, silt/clay, and silt/clay‐humin increased with increasing period of use as a rice paddy within the east and west zones, respectively. The degree of humification determined for humic acids indicated that the progression of humification did not contribute to the accumulation of C beyond 100 years. The δ15N of silt/clay‐humin suggested an increase in organic N derived from chemical fertilizer or recent biological fixation with increasing amount of this fraction. The 14C concentration showed a negative correlation with the amount of silt/clay‐humin C. The structural property with regard to 13C NMR spectra and biodegradability of the silt/clay‐humin remained constant with the length of use as a rice paddy or 14C concentration. These results suggest that the larger C or N accumulation in the soils with a longer rice paddy history can be attributed to an enhancement in the accumulation of recently generated SOM rather than the stable accumulation of humus over the years.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium in Industrial Wastewater Using Poly[Allylamine‐(N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide)] Grafted onto Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Khonsha Iman , Heidarinasab Amir , Moniri Elham , Ahmadpanahi Homayon 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study proposes a new method for the use of functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) for adsorption of chromium ions in industrial wastewater. Free radical copolymerization of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and allylamine forms a functional chelating group, which is grafted onto MNPs using (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane as the novel adsorbent. The grafted MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optimum pH for sorption of the metal ion was 4. The sorption capacity of the functionalized MNPs was 38.61 mg/g. The chelating sorbent was reused for 11 cycles of sorption–desorption without a significant change in sorption capacity. The functionalized MNPs showed good adsorption of Cr(VI) as evidenced by the dimensionless separation factor of 0.529. The equilibrium sorption data for Cr(VI) onto the polymeric sorbent was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson models. The equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the Langmuir and Freundlich constants were 0.01 and 0.486, respectively, at pH 4 and 25°C. In the Redlich–Peterson model, g equaled 0.98, indicating that the Langmuir isotherm is the best model. Removal from the industrial wastewater sample in the presence of other metal ions was successful with an average removal of 82.22% of hexavalent chromium.
Reducing Timp3 or vitronectin ameliorates disease manifestations in CADASIL mice
Authors: Capone Carmen , Cognat Emmanuel , Ghezali Lamia , Baron‐Menguy Céline , Aubin Déborah , Mesnard Laurent , Stöhr Heidi , Domenga‐Denier Valérie , Nelson Mark T. , Joutel Anne 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveCADASIL is a genetic paradigm of cerebral small vessel disease caused by NOTCH3 mutations that stereotypically lead to the extracellular deposition of NOTCH3 ectodomain (Notch3ECD) on the vessels. TIMP3 and vitronectin are 2 extracellular matrix proteins that abnormally accumulate in Notch3ECD‐containing deposits on brain vessels of mice and patients with CADASIL. Herein, we investigated whether increased levels of TIMP3 and vitronectin are responsible for aspects of CADASIL disease phenotypes.MethodsTimp3 and vitronectin expression were genetically reduced in TgNotch3R169C mice, a well‐established preclinical model of CADASIL. A mouse overexpressing human TIMP3 (TgBAC‐TIMP3) was developed. Disease‐related phenotypes, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits, white matter lesions, and Notch3ECD deposition, were evaluated between 6 and 20 months of age.ResultsCBF responses to neural activity (functional hyperemia), topical application of vasodilators, and decreases in blood pressure (CBF autoregulation) were similarly reduced in TgNotch3R169C and TgBAC‐TIMP3 mice, and myogenic responses of brain arteries were likewise attenuated. These defects were rescued in TgNotch3R169C mice by haploinsufficiency of Timp3, although the number of white matter lesions was unaffected. In contrast, haploinsufficiency or loss of vitronectin in TgNotch3R169C mice ameliorated white matter lesions, although CBF responses were unchanged. Amelioration of cerebrovascular reactivity or white matter lesions in these mice was not associated with reduced Notch3ECD deposition in brain vessels.InterpretationElevated levels of TIMP3 and vitronectin, acting downstream of Notch3ECD deposition, play a role in CADASIL, producing divergent influences on early CBF deficits and later white matter lesions. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:387–403
Breakable Hybrid Organosilica Nanocapsules for Protein Delivery
Authors: Prasetyanto Eko Adi , Bertucci Alessandro , Septiadi Dedy , Corradini Roberto , Castro‐Hartmann Pablo , De Cola Luisa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe direct delivery of specific proteins to live cells promises a tremendous impact for biological and medical applications, from therapeutics to genetic engineering. However, the process mostly involves tedious techniques and often requires extensive alteration of the protein itself. Herein we report a straightforward approach to encapsulate native proteins by using breakable organosilica matrices that disintegrate upon exposure to a chemical stimulus. The biomolecule‐containing capsules were tested for the intracellular delivery of highly cytotoxic proteins into C6 glioma cells. We demonstrate that the shell is broken, the release of the active proteins occurs, and therefore our hybrid architecture is a promising strategy to deliver fragile biomacromolecules into living organisms.
Iron‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbene Phosphinidenes
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Hemming Oliver B. , Day Benjamin M. , Pugh Thomas , Evans David J. , Layfield Richard A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the presence of stoichiometric or catalytic amounts of [M{N(SiMe3)2}2] (M=Fe, Co), N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) react with primary phosphines to give a series of carbene phosphinidenes of the type (NHC)⋅PAr. The formation of (IMe4)⋅PMes (Mes=mesityl) is also catalyzed by the phosphinidene‐bridged complex [(IMe4)2Fe(μ‐PMes)]2, which provides evidence for metal‐catalyzed phosphinidene transfer.
Taichunamides: Prenylated Indole Alkaloids from Aspergillus taichungensis (IBT 19404)
Authors: Kagiyama Ippei , Kato Hikaru , Nehira Tatsuo , Frisvad Jens C. , Sherman David H. , Williams Robert M. , Tsukamoto Sachiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeven new prenylated indole alkaloids, taichunamides A–G, were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus taichungensis (IBT 19404). Taichunamides A and B contained an azetidine and 4‐pyridone units, respectively, and are likely biosynthesized from notoamide S via (+)‐6‐epi‐stephacidin A. Taichunamides C and D contain endoperoxide and methylsulfonyl units, respectively. This fungus produced indole alkaloids containing an anti‐bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core, whereas A. protuberus and A. amoenus produced congeners with a syn‐bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core. Plausible biosynthetic pathways to access these cores within the three species likely arise from an intramolecular hetero Diels–Alder reaction.
Ionogels of a Sugar Surfactant in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Yang Qiao , Cao Yixue , Zhou Junhan , Hao Haibin , Liang Yuanyuan , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGreen and environmentally friendly ionogels formed by a sugar surfactant were prepared in two kinds of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids. The phase transition from ribbon structures to lamellar structures induced by temperature and the transition mechanism were investigated in detail by means of freeze‐fracture TEM and field‐emission SEM observations, as well as small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements. The rheological properties and tribological properties of two kinds of ionogels were systematically investigated. The difference in the lubricating properties and antiwear capability can be explained well by the mechanical and viscoelastic properties, as well as the different microstructures of samples destroyed by shear forces. This work provides a better understanding of the relationship between the structures, rheological properties, and tribological properties of ionogels.