bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Sequencing of Viral Populations during Early Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Reveals Evolutionary Strategies for Rapid Escape from Emerging Env-Specific Antibody Responses
Authors: Ita Sergio , Hill Alison K. , Lam Evan C. , Dufort Fay J. , Yang Xiao , Newman Ruchi , Leviyang Sivan , Fofana Ismael B. , Johnson Welkin E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Primate lentiviruses, including the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), produce infections marked by persistent, ongoing viral replication. This occurs despite the presence of virus-specific adaptive immune responses, including antibodies targeting the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), and evolution of antibody-escape variants is a well-documented feature of lentiviral infection. Here, we examined the evolutionary dynamics of the SIV
env
gene during early infection (≤29 weeks postinfection) in a cohort of four SIV
mac
251-infected rhesus macaques. We tracked
env
evolution during acute and early infection using frequent sampling and ultradeep sequencing of viral populations, capturing a transmission bottleneck and the subsequent reestablishment of Env diversity. A majority of changes in the gp120 subunit mapped to two short clusters, one in the first variable region (V1) and one in V4, while most changes in the gp41 subunit appeared in the cytoplasmic domain. Variation in V1 was dominated by short duplications and deletions of repetitive sequence, while variation in V4 was marked by short in-frame deletions and closely overlapping substitutions. The most common substitutions in both patches did not alter viral replicative fitness when tested using a highly sensitive, deep-sequencing-based competition assay. Our results, together with the observation that very similar or identical patterns of sequence evolution also occur in different macaque species infected with related but divergent strains of SIV, suggest that resistance to early, strain-specific anti-Env antibodies is the result of temporally and mutationally predictable pathways of escape that occur during the early stages of infection.

IMPORTANCE
The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of primate lentiviruses mediates entry by binding to host cell receptors followed by fusion of the viral membrane with the cell membrane. The exposure of Env complexes on the surface of the virion results in targeting by antibodies, leading to selection for virus escape mutations. We used the SIV/rhesus macaque model to track
in vivo
evolution of variation in Env during acute/early infection in animals with and without antibody responses to Env, uncovering remarkable variation in animals with antibody responses within weeks of infection. Using a deep-sequencing-based fitness assay, we found substitutions associated with antibody escape had little to no effect on inherent replicative capacity. The ability to readily propagate advantageous changes that incur little to no replicative fitness costs may be a mechanism to maintain continuous replication under constant immune selection, allowing the virus to persist for months to years in the infected host.
Collapse of a marine-based ice stream during the early Younger Dryas chronozone, western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Lakeman Thomas R. , Pieńkowski Anna J. , Nixon F. Chantel , Furze Mark F.A. , Blasco Steve , Andrews John T. , King Edward L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
New geophysical surveys and sediment cores constrain past dynamics of the Amundsen Gulf ice stream of the northwest Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), Arctic Canada, during the last glacial episode. An ice-rafted debris (IRD) unit and its stratigraphic relationship to former grounding lines record the withdrawal of the ∼60,000 km2 marine-based ice stream. Calibrated (cal.) radiocarbon ages from the IRD unit and from ice-contact raised marine sediments indicate that the ice stream retreated ∼250 km over a few centuries or less during the early Younger Dryas, ca. 12.80 ± 0.15 cal. kyr B.P. Despite a likely cooler paleoclimate, ice-marginal recession occurred at rates of at least 1 km/yr, triggered by grounding line retreat from a bathymetric sill and by a concomitant increase in calving margin length. Sediment cores from the adjacent continental slope confirm that the IRD-rich unit was also deposited in the Beaufort Sea as a chronostratigraphic marker bed. Such new evidence for widespread ice rafting establishes Amundsen Gulf as a discrete source area for early Younger Dryas sediment in the Arctic Ocean, including Fram Strait (between Greenland and Svalbard). The timing and scale of iceberg discharges show that Amundsen Gulf was a major conduit for fresh water to the Arctic Ocean during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
The impact of Quaternary glaciation on temperature and pore pressure in Jurassic troughs in the Southern Permian Basin, northern Germany
Authors: Sachse Victoria F. , Littke Ralf 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A detailed 3D petroleum system model was constructed for the Schleswig-Holstein area in northern Germany. Salt movement and the Quaternary ice episodes were implemented in order to reconstruct their impact on temperature, maturity and pressure. Burial, temperature and maturity histories were calculated for the Jurassic troughs and the Glueckstadt Graben showing both differences and similarities. For example, all locations reached (almost) deepest burial at present day, whilst subsidence and long-term sedimentation rate was highest in Glueckstadt Graben during the Triassic. The Jurassic troughs received their major subsidence and sedimentation pulse later, and were strongly affected by a later salt movement.
The implementation of Quaternary glacial episodes does not have a strong impact on petroleum generation from the major source rock (Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale). In the case of the Posidonia Shale reaching the stage of petroleum expulsion (outside of the study area), the effect of ‘glacial pumping’( i.e. the development of high pore pressures during glaciation followed by expulsion and subsequent pressure release during deglaciation) can be deduced from the model. Petroleum accumulations in the reservoir layers (Dogger sandstones) are also seen to have been affected. This finding is of interest for exploration, as it might control petroleum composition, biodegradation and leakage through cap rocks.
Polyol Pathway Links Glucose Metabolism to the Aggressiveness of Cancer Cells
Authors: Schwab Annemarie , Siddiqui Aarif , Vazakidou Maria Eleni , Napoli Francesca , Böttcher Martin , Menchicchi Bianca , Raza Umar , Saatci Özge , Krebs Angela M. , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Rapa Ida , Dettmer-Wilde Katja , Waldner Maximilian J. , Ekici Arif B. , Rasheed Suhail Ahmed Kabeer , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Oefner Peter J. , Sahin Ozgur , Volante Marco , Greten Florian R. , Brabletz Thomas , Ceppi Paolo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCancer cells alter their metabolism to support their malignant properties. In this study, we report that the glucose-transforming polyol pathway (PP) gene aldo-keto-reductase-1-member-B1 (AKR1B1) strongly correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This association was confirmed in samples from lung cancer patients and from an EMT-driven colon cancer mouse model with p53 deletion. In vitro, mesenchymal-like cancer cells showed increased AKR1B1 levels, and AKR1B1 knockdown was sufficient to revert EMT. An equivalent level of EMT suppression was measured by targeting the downstream enzyme sorbitol-dehydrogenase (SORD), further pointing at the involvement of the PP. Comparative RNA sequencing confirmed a profound alteration of EMT in PP-deficient cells, revealing a strong repression of TGFβ signature genes. Excess glucose was found to promote EMT through autocrine TGFβ stimulation, while PP-deficient cells were refractory to glucose-induced EMT. These data show that PP represents a molecular link between glucose metabolism, cancer differentiation, and aggressiveness, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target.Significance: A glucose-transforming pathway in TGFβ-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition provides novel mechanistic insights into the metabolic control of cancer differentiation. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1604–18. ©2018 AACR.
RECALL DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Alves Adirley Machado , Kallas Filho Elias 
Published: January 2018

O recall é um instituto que permite ao fornecedor cumprir seu dever de vigilância e informação, servindo como ferramenta obrigatória de comunicação sobre a periculosidade que o produto carrega consigo e de chamada para o recolhimento do produto. É um instituto que assegura a defesa do direito à saúde e à segurança do consumidor, em consonância com o princípio da prevenção/precaução – sendo aplicável, inclusive, nas relações de consumo envolvendo medicamentos, de acordo com uma legislação específica. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de uma análise comparativa com a legislação portuguesa, constata-se que a lei brasileira estabelece diretrizes muito semelhantes às do modelo português. No entanto, enquanto em Portugal, em caso de recall, o fornecedor tem o dever de rastrear o produto, no Brasil cabe ao próprio consumidor, uma vez informado do problema, buscar a troca do medicamento defeituoso. Daí a importância da criação de um canal oficial e eficaz de informação ao consumidor, no qual possam ser disponibilizadas informações claras, completas e precisas acerca de todos os recalls de medicamentos, de modo a permitir que o instituto efetivamente alcance seus principais objetivos.
Children’s healthy eating habits and parents’ socio-demographic characteristics in rural Texas, USA
Authors: Chen Xuewei , Cisse-Egbuonye Nafissatou , Spears Erica C , Mkuu Rahma , McKyer E Lisako J 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Due to the disproportionately high rates of obesity within the US Hispanic community, there is a critical need to address this health disparity issue. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between parents’ socio-demographic characteristics and their children’s food consumption. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants were recruited from schools in a predominately Hispanic rural area of Texas, USA. Method: Parents ( n = 298) of fourth grade (9–10 years old) children completed the survey. The independent variables were parents’ socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. ethnicity and income). The outcome variable was a Healthy Eating Index that refleting children’s frequencies of food consumption measured as daily frequency of consumption for healthy foods (e.g. skimmed milk), less healthy foods (e.g. potato) and unhealthy foods (e.g. Coke). We performed multiple linear regression. Results: Regression analysis shows that 13.7% variance of children’s food consumption could be predicted by their parents’ gender, ethnicity, marital status, education and income ( R2 = .137, p < 0.01). Parents’ ethnicity, education and income variables were strong predictors for children’s food consumption. Conclusion: Healthy eating can help reduce childhood obesity; however, we found children of US Hispanic parents ate less healthily. Culturally specific education programmes should be adopted for parents or families of Hispanic or Latino origin.
Effect of clinical response to active drugs and placebo on antipsychotics and mood stabilizers relative efficacy for bipolar depression and mania: A meta-regression analysis
Authors: Bartoli Francesco , Clerici Massimo , Di Brita Carmen , Riboldi Ilaria , Crocamo Cristina , Carrà Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Background: Randomised placebo-controlled trials investigating treatments for bipolar disorder have been hampered by wide variations of active drugs and placebo clinical response rates. It is important to estimate whether the active drug or placebo response has a greater influence in determining the relative efficacy of drugs for psychosis (antipsychotics) and relapse prevention (mood stabilisers) for bipolar depression and mania. Methods: We identified 53 randomised, placebo-controlled trials assessing antipsychotic or mood stabiliser monotherapy (‘active drugs’) for bipolar depression or mania. We carried out random-effects meta-regressions, estimating the influence of active drugs and placebo response rates on treatment relative efficacy. Results: Meta-regressions showed that treatment relative efficacy for bipolar mania was influenced by the magnitude of clinical response to active drugs ( p=0.002), but not to placebo ( p=0.60). On the other hand, treatment relative efficacy for bipolar depression was influenced by response to placebo ( p=0.047), but not to active drugs ( p=0.98). Conclusions: Despite several limitations, our unexpected findings showed that antipsychotics / mood stabilisers relative efficacy for bipolar depression seems unrelated to active drugs response rates, depending only on clinical response to placebo. Future research should explore strategies to reduce placebo-related issues in randomised, placebo-controlled trials for bipolar depression.
What specific plant traits support ecosystem services such as pollination, bio-control and water quality protection in temperate climates? A systematic map
Authors: Cresswell Claire J. , Cunningham Heidi M. , Wilcox Andrew , Randall Nicola P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background
Agricultural intensification has contributed to increased diffuse source pollution within water catchments, reduced heterogeneity within the landscape and caused major declines in farmland wildlife. This decrease in biodiversity has been shown to decrease vital ecosystem services such as pollination, biological pest control (bio-control) and water quality protection. The morphological traits of plant species, such as floral display size and leaf area, provide support to these services and vegetative strips can be established with plants that have these desirable traits to try and restore ecosystem service support to farmland. Vegetative strips are widely used across the world, especially in Europe, however, there is a need to increase their functionality due to issues of land availability and food security. To do this, combinations of plant species that will support specific ecosystem services, have been developed. However, to enable a fully-informed development process, evidence must be collated on which specific plant traits provide the support to the target ecosystem services. The primary objective of this study was to systematically map all evidence for specific plant traits that may provide support for pollinators, bio-control and water quality protection in temperate climates.

Methods
Both published and grey literature were obtained through databases and NGO websites using key search terms. An initial 34,077 articles were identified with a total of 11,705 individual articles, after duplicates were removed. These were screened for inclusion based on criteria such as subject, climate and language. Each article was coded into a Microsoft Access database using generic (e.g. author, publication date, study length) and topic specific (e.g. target system, organism and ecosystem service) keywords.

Results
After screening 56 articles were coded into the systematic map. A total of 40 articles identified 37 plant traits for pollinator support, seven identified eight traits for bio-control and nine identified 26 for water quality protection. All articles were published between 1983 and 2017 and they included studies that were undertaken in 22 different countries.

Discussion
This systematic mapping process produced a searchable database of literature available on plant traits and the target ecosystem services. It has highlighted that more research has been conducted on plant traits for pollinator support than for bio-control and water quality protection, identifying potential research gaps in these areas. Evidence presented in this map could inform decisions related to the suitability of plant species for inclusion within multifunctional vegetative strips, providing targeted ecosystem services. This information could be used by policy makers to develop an option that could benefit landowners and farmland wildlife concurrently.
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals
Authors: Aidara-Kane Awa , Angulo Frederick J. , Conly John M. , Minato Yuki , Silbergeld Ellen K. , McEwen Scott A. , Collignon Peter J. ,   for the WHO Guideline Development Group, Balkhy Hanan , Collignon Peter , Conly John , Friedman Cindy , Hollis Aidan , Kariuki Samuel , Kwak Hyo-Sun , McEwen Scott , Moulin Gérard , Ngandjio Antoinette , Rollin Bernard , Rossi Flávia , Wallinga David 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals selects for antimicrobial resistance that can be transmitted to humans via food or other transmission routes. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 ranked the medical importance of antimicrobials used in humans. In late 2017, to preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials for humans, WHO released guidelines on use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals that incorporated the latest WHO rankings.

Methods
WHO commissioned systematic reviews and literature reviews, and convened a Guideline Development Group (GDG) of external experts free of unacceptable conflicts-of-interest. The GDG assessed the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and formulated recommendations using a structured evidence-to-decision approach that considered the balance of benefits and harms, feasibility, resource implications, and impact on equity. The resulting guidelines were peer-reviewed by an independent External Review Group and approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee.

Results
These guidelines recommend reductions in the overall use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, including complete restriction of use of antimicrobials for growth promotion and for disease prevention (i.e., in healthy animals considered at risk of infection). These guidelines also recommend that antimicrobials identified as critically important for humans not be used in food-producing animals for treatment or disease control unless susceptibility testing demonstrates the drug to be the only treatment option.

Conclusions
To preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials, veterinarians, farmers, regulatory agencies, and all other stakeholders are urged to adopt these recommendations and work towards implementation of these guidelines.
Understanding millennial consumer’s adoption of 3D printed fashion products by exploring personal values and innovativeness
Authors: Lyu Jewon , Hahn Kim , Sadachar Amrut 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine a hierarchical model of consumer innovativeness in the context of 3D fashion products. In particular, this study explored how different traits, such as personal values and innate innovativeness, predict a positive attitude towards 3D fashion products through domain-specific variables such as fashion innovativeness and fashion leadership. Using a convenience sample (n = 250), the data were collected through a self-administrated online survey. The results of this study identified personal values as an antecedent of innate innovativeness and found that fashion leadership played a critical mediating role between innate innovativeness and domain-specific innovativeness, in turn developing a positive attitude towards 3D fashion products which led to intention to use. Although the effect of innate innovativeness on domain-specific innovativeness (i.e., fashion innovativeness) was partially supported and no direct effects of personal values on domain-specific innovativeness was found, findings of this study contribute to existing literature on the Technology Acceptance Model and Consumer Innovativeness by examining additional predictors. The significant mediating role of fashion leadership was valuable as the result supported the key role of innovators as opinion leaders as discussed in the previous literature.
Ordered Entanglement in Actinide-Organic Coordination Polymers
Authors: Mei Lei , Shi Wei-qun , Chai Zhi-fang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Entangled structures in actinide-organic hybrid materials featured by intertwining between isolated motifs show promising potential in the application of different fields, such as radionuclide separation, radiation detection, photocatalysis and smart materials. Since how the individual motifs are entangled in combination of molecular structures of the structural units and topology of the individual motifs contributes most to the properties of actinide entangled materials, it is of significance to summarize and analyze these entanglements with diverse topologies. For this contribution, we will summarize all the entanglements in the reported actinide-organic entangled structures by classifying them according to the diverse catalogues of individual motifs and entangled patterns between them, among which are included all these intriguing types of entanglement in different seperate sections: 1) polyrotaxanes; 2) parallel interpenetration (INT) and polycatenation (P-CAT and I-CAT); and 3) Borromean ring (BR). This work is aimed at figuring out some clues on design principles of actinide-organic entangled structures, the underlying rules of ordered entanglement and driving forces behind from our perspective so as to provide some valuable principles guiding the assembly process of entangled structures for reference and help to achieve the controlled syntheses of actinide compounds of interest in the future.
Shared genetic requirements for ATF5 translation in the vomeronasal organ and main olfactory epithelium
Authors: Dalton Ryan P 
Published: January 2018

Background: Both olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) require the transcription factor Atf5 for maturation and survival. In OSNs, ATF5 translation is controlled by olfactory receptor (OR) expression-mediated activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response. This study evaluated whether OSNs and VSNs share genetic requirements for ATF5 translation. Methods: ATF5 immunoreactivity was assayed in whole vomeronasal organs from a series of genetic mutant animals identified in studies of OR gene choice, OR feedback, and regulation and OSN development. Results: ATF5 expression in VSNs required the histone demethylase Lsd1, which has been previously reported to be required for OR expression. ATF5 expression also required PERK-mediated phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2a. Finally, unlike previous observations in OSNs, ATF5 was found to be widespread in the mature VNO and co-expressed with mature VSN markers. Conclusions: These data suggest that the initiation of ATF5 translation in VSNs and OSNs is under similar regulation, and that persistent/prolonged ATF5 translation in VSNs may serve VSN-specific gene regulatory programs. This study firmly establishes the unfolded protein response as a major controller of sensory neuronal maturation and diversification.