bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un petit pèlerinage méconnu : Notre-Dame d'Esquerchin près de Douai (XIVe-XVIe siècle)
Authors: Maillot Jean-François 
Published: June 2016

Een vergeten bedevaart : Onze Lieve Vrouw van Esquerchin, bij Dowaai.
De lokale bedevaarten worden, bij gebrek aan documenten, vaak wat vergeten. Zij zijn even intéressant als de grotere plaatsen van devotie. De originaliteit van de bedevaart naar O.L.V. van Esquerchin, bij Dowaai in het Noorden, schuilt in de aanwezi- gheid van voldoende en divers archiefmateriaal om een beeld te krijgen van de verschillende gebruiken in deze verering.
De bisschop van Kamerijk draagt in 1092 de kerk van Esquerchin over aan de abdij Saint-Sauveur van Anchin, die van de eenvoudige dorpskerk voor het midden van de xvie eeuw een priorij maakt.
In de kerk bevindt zich een mirakelbeeld van de Maagd, dat in de xve en begin xvie eeuw bedevaarten aantrekt uit de hele streek.
Sommigen komen uit devotie als de hertog Filips de Goede en Isabella van Portugal. Anderen voeren de wens uit in het testament van een overledene. Nog anderen als uitvoering van een door het gerecht opgelegde straf wegens een misdrijf.
De giften die de pelgrims meebrengen gaan grotendeels naar de monniken van Anchin. Zij ontvangen ook de opbrengst van inzamelingen tijdens processies (uit- besteed aan leken) en van de winstgevende verkoop van kaarsen en médailles tijdens kermissen ter ere van de Geboorte van de Maagd.
Effects of Head-Mounted Display on the Oculomotor System and Refractive Error in Normal Adolescents
Authors: Ha Suk-Gyu , Na Kun-Hoo , Kweon Il-Joo , Suh Young-Woo , Kim Seung-Hyun 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical effects of head-mounted display on the refractive error and oculomotor system in normal adolescents.

Methods:
Sixty volunteers (age: 13 to 18 years) watched a three-dimensional movie and virtual reality application of head-mounted display for 30 minutes. The refractive error (diopters [D]), angle of deviation (prism diopters [PD]) at distance (6 m) and near (33 cm), near point of accommodation, and stereoacuity were measured before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after watching the head-mounted display. The refractive error was presented as spherical equivalent (SE). Refractive error was measured repeatedly after every 10 minutes when a myopic shift greater than 0.15 D was observed after watching the head-mounted display.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 14.7 ± 1.3 years and the mean SE before watching head-mounted display was −3.1 ± 2.6 D. One participant in the virtual reality application group was excluded due to motion sickness and nausea. After 30 minutes of watching the head-mounted display, the SE, near point of accommodation, and stereoacuity in both eyes did not change significantly (all
P
> .05). Immediately after watching the head-mounted display, esophoric shift was observed (0.6 ± 1.5 to 0.2 ± 1.5 PD), although it was not significant (
P
= .06). Transient myopic shifts of 17.2% to 30% were observed immediately after watching the head-mounted display in both groups, but recovered fully within 40 minutes after watching the head-mounted display.

Conclusions:
There were no significant clinical effects of watching head-mounted display for 30 minutes on the normal adolescent eye. Transient changes in refractive error and binocular alignment were noted, but were not significant.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(4):238–245.]
Safety and Long-term Outcomes of Congenital Ptosis Surgery: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Mokhtarzadeh Ali , Bradley Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To report the long-term outcomes of childhood ptosis surgery in a population-based setting over a 46-year period.

Methods:
In this population-based cohort study, the medical records of all patients who were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed as having blepharoptosis and having undergone surgical management prior to 19 years of age (between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 2010), were retrospectively reviewed. Age at time of surgery, type of surgery, duration of follow-up, number and nature of revisions, degree of amblyopia, and postoperative lagophthalmos and dry eye were documented.

Results:
Forty-seven children meeting inclusion criteria underwent ptosis surgery. The median age at time of first surgery was 5.6 years (range: 1.5 to 17.7 years). Fifteen of 47 (31.9%) patients required a second procedure. Three of 47 (6.4%) patients underwent three procedures. The median time was 1.1 years (range: 0.03 to 7.8 years) between the first and second surgery and 6.0 years (range: 0.3 to 6.1 years) between the second and third procedure. Seven of 47 (14.9%) patients had amblyopia. Nineteen of 47 (40.4%) patients were noted to have lagophthalmos and 3 of 47 (6.4%) presented for symptomatic dry eye postoperatively.

Conclusions:
In this population-based setting, more than half of the children with ptosis required only a single surgical procedure, although a significant proportion required two procedures. Postoperative lagophthalmos is common, but symptomatic dry eye is rare.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(4):212–217.]
Investigating the effects of symbiotic fungi on the flight behaviour ofSirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Sarvary Mark A. , Hajek Ann E. , Böröczky Katalin , Raguso Robert A. , Cooperband Miriam F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe invasive woodwaspSirex noctilioFabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is obligately associated with the symbiotic white rot fungusAmylostereum areolatum(Chaillet ex Fries) Boidin (Basidiomycota: Amylosteraceae), and shows positive chemotaxis to volatiles emitted by this symbiont. After introduction to North America,S. noctiliowas collected carrying another fungus speciesAmylostereum chailletii(Persoon) Boidin, used symbiotically by native North AmericanSirexLinnaeus. We conducted flight behaviour studies in a walk-in flight tunnel to evaluate specificity of the attraction of mated and unmatedS. noctilioto its primary symbiont,A. areolatum, versus the alternative symbiont,A. chailletii. Fewer unmated than matedS. noctiliofemales responded to either of the fungi. Unmated females showed no landing preference but matedS. noctiliofemales were attracted toA. areolatumalthough avoidance ofA. chailletiiwas not complete. Chemical analysis demonstrated major differences in the volatile profiles of the two fungal species. Sesquiterpenes dominated theA. areolatumsamples, whereas only two aromatic volatiles were consistently present in the nativeA. chailletii.
Estoques de volume, biomassa e carbono na madeira de espécies da Caatinga em Caicó, RN
Authors: Santos Rosimeire Cavalcante dos , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Castro Ana Flávia Neves Mendes , Pimenta Alexandre Santos , Pinto Edna Moura , Marinho Itaragil Venâncio 
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques em volume, biomassa e carbono na madeira de um fragmento de Caatinga Arbustiva-Arbórea, na região Nordeste do Brasil, no Município de Caicó, RN. Realizou-se o inventário e a amostragem do material biológico para análises de biomassa e carbono. Para a conversão de volume de madeira em biomassa foi obtida a densidade básica da madeira de oito espécies que representavam 91% do valor de importância (VI) do fragmento. A porcentagem de carbono dessas espécies foi determinada por análise elementar da madeira. O estoque de carbono foi determinado considerando-se a porcentagem de carbono multiplicada pela biomassa de cada árvore. Para as espécies que não foram analisadas (9% do VI) utilizou-se um valor de densidade básica média () e da média de carbono (), ponderados pelo valor de importância das espécies amostradas. Foi observado um estoque volumétrico de madeira igual a 15,5 m³ ha-1. A biomassa determinada foi de 12 t ha-1, que correspondeu a um estoque de carbono de 5,7 t ha-1.
La planta oval. Traza y símbolo
Authors: Fernández Margarita 
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo es parte del Estudio Histórico previo del Proyecto de Recuperación Integral de la Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia, cuya metodología y propuestas de intervención se exponen en otro de los artículos de esta misma revista. Es interesante la reflexión teórica que desarrolla la autora, M. Fernandez, en torno al simbolismo de la planta oval, su evolución, y sus trazas basadas en la elipse y el óvalo
Vertical and horizontal variability of PM10 source contributions in Barcelona during SAPUSS
Authors: Brines Mariola , Dall'Osto Manuel , Amato Fulvio , Cruz Minguillón María , Karanasiou Angeliki , Alastuey Andrés , Querol Xavier 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. During the SAPUSS campaign (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies) PM10 samples at 12-hour resolution were simultaneously collected at four monitoring sites located in the urban agglomerate of Barcelona (Spain). A total of 221 samples were collected from 20 September to 20 October 2010. The Road Site (RS) site and the Urban Background (UB) site were located at street level, whereas the Torre Mapfre (TM) and the Torre Collserola (TC) sites were located at 150 m a.s.l. by the sea side within the urban area and at 415 m a.s.l. 8 km inland, respectively. For the first time, we are able to report simultaneous PM10 aerosol measurements, allowing us to study aerosol gradients at both horizontal and vertical levels. The complete chemical composition of PM10 was determined on the 221 samples, and factor analysis (positive matrix factorisation, PMF) was applied. This resulted in eight factors which were attributed to eight main aerosol sources affecting PM10 concentrations in the studied urban environment: (1) vehicle exhaust and wear (2–9 µg m−3, 10–27 % of PM10 mass on average), (2) road dust (2–4 µg m−3, 8–12 %), (3) mineral dust (5 µg m−3, 13–26 %), (4) aged marine (3–5 µg m−3, 13–20 %), (5) heavy oil (0.4–0.6 µg m−3, 2 %), (6) industrial (1 µg m−3, 3–5 %), (7) sulfate (3–4 µg m−3, 11–17 %) and (8) nitrate (4–6 µg m−3, 17–21 %). Three aerosol sources were found to be enhanced at the ground levels (confined within the urban ground levels of the city) relative to the upper levels: (1) vehicle exhaust and wear (2.8 higher), (2) road dust (1.8 higher) and (3) local urban industries/crafts workshops (1.6 higher). Surprisingly, the other aerosol sources were relatively homogeneous at both horizontal and vertical levels. However, air mass origin and meteorological parameters also played a key role in influencing the variability of the factor concentrations. The mineral dust and aged marine factors were found to be a mixture of natural and anthropogenic components and were thus further investigated. Overall, three types of dust were identified to affect the urban study area: road dust (35 % of the mineral dust load, 2–4 µg m−3 on average), Saharan dust (28 %, 2.1 µg m−3) and background mineral dust (37 %, 2.8 µg m−3). Our results evidence that although the city of Barcelona broadly shows a homogeneous distribution of PM10 pollution sources, non-exhaust traffic, exhaust traffic and local urban industrial activities are major coarse PM10 aerosol sources.
Near-surface and columnar measurements with a micro pulse lidar of atmospheric pollen in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Sicard Michaël , Izquierdo Rebeca , Alarcón Marta , Belmonte Jordina , Comerón Adolfo , Baldasano José Maria 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We present for the first time continuous hourly measurements of pollen near-surface concentration and lidar-derived profiles of particle backscatter coefficients and of volume and particle depolarization ratios during a 5-day pollination event observed in Barcelona, Spain, between 27 and 31 March 2015. Daily average concentrations ranged from 1082 to 2830 pollen m−3. Platanus and Pinus pollen types represented together more than 80 % of the total pollen. Maximum hourly pollen concentrations of 4700 and 1200 m−3 were found for Platanus and Pinus, respectively. Every day a clear diurnal cycle caused by the vertical transport of the airborne pollen was visible on the lidar-derived profiles with maxima usually reached between 12:00 and 15:00 UT. A method based on the lidar polarization capabilities was used to retrieve the contribution of the pollen to the total aerosol optical depth (AOD). On average the diurnal (09:00–17:00 UT) pollen AOD was 0.05, which represented 29 % of the total AOD. Maximum values of the pollen AOD and its contribution to the total AOD reached 0.12 and 78 %, respectively. The diurnal means of the volume and particle depolarization ratios in the pollen plume were 0.08 and 0.14, with hourly maxima of 0.18 and 0.33, respectively. The diurnal mean of the height of the pollen plume was found at 1.24 km with maxima varying in the range of 1.47–1.78 km. A correlation study is performed (1) between the depolarization ratios and the pollen near-surface concentration to evaluate the ability of the former parameter to monitor pollen release and (2) between the depolarization ratios as well as pollen AOD and surface downward solar fluxes, which cause the atmospheric turbulences responsible for the particle vertical motion, to examine the dependency of the depolarization ratios and the pollen AOD upon solar fluxes. For the volume depolarization ratio the first correlation study yields to correlation coefficients ranging 0.00–0.81 and the second to correlation coefficients ranging 0.49–0.86.
Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica
Authors: Dittmann Anna , Schlosser Elisabeth , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Powers Jordan G. , Manning Kevin W. , Werner Martin , Fujita Koji 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A unique set of 1-year precipitation and stable water isotope measurements from the Japanese Antarctic station, Dome Fuji, has been used to study the impact of the synoptic situation and the precipitation origin on the isotopic composition of precipitation on the Antarctic Plateau. The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) archive data are used to analyse the synoptic situations that cause precipitation. These situations are investigated and divided into five categories. The most common weather situation during a precipitation event is an upper-level ridge that extends onto the Antarctic Plateau and causes strong northerly advection from the ocean. Most precipitation events are associated with an increase in temperature and wind speed, and a local maximum of δ18O. During the measurement period, 21 synoptically caused precipitation events caused 60 % of the total annual precipitation, whereas the remaining 40 % were predominantly attributed to diamond dust. By combining the synoptic analyses with 5-day back-trajectories, the moisture source regions for precipitation events were estimated. An average source region around a latitude of 55° S was found. The atmospheric conditions in the source region were used as initial conditions for running a Rayleigh-type isotopic model in order to reproduce the measured isotopic composition of fresh snow and to investigate the influence of the precipitation source region on the isotope ratios. The model represents the measured annual cycle of δ18O and the second-order isotopic parameter deuterium excess reasonably well, but yields on average too little fractionation along the transport/cooling path. While simulations with an isotopic general circulation model (GCM) (ECHAM5-wiso) for Dome Fuji are on average closer to the observations, this model cannot reproduce the annual cycle of deuterium excess. In the event-based analysis, no evidence of a correlation of the measured deuterium excess with the latitude of the moisture source region or the corresponding conditions was identified. Contrary to the assumption used for decades in ice core studies, a more northerly moisture source does not necessarily mean a larger temperature difference between source area and deposition site, thus a more depleted precipitation in heavy isotopes with a higher deuterium excess.
Spatial distribution of the persistent organic pollutants across the Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with the climate systems: a 5-year air monitoring study
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Ren Jiao , Gong Ping , Wang Chuanfei , Xue Yonggang , Yao Tandong , Lohmann Rainer 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through atmospheric transport. The exact source regions, transport pathways and time trends of POPs to the TP are not well understood. Here polystyrene–divinylbenzene copolymer resin (XAD)-based passive air samplers (PASs) were deployed at 16 Tibetan background sites from 2007 to 2012 to gain further insight into spatial patterns and temporal trends of OCPs and PCBs. The southeastern TP was characterized by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-related chemicals delivered by Indian monsoon air masses. The northern and northwestern TP displayed the greatest absolute concentration and relative abundance of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the atmosphere, caused by the westerly-driven European air masses. The interactions between the DDT polluted Indian monsoon air and the clean westerly winds formed a transition zone in central Tibet, where both DDT and HCB were the dominant chemicals. Based on 5 years of continuous sampling, our data indicated declining concentrations of HCB and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) across the Tibetan region. Inter-annual trends of DDT class chemicals, however, showed less variation during this 5-year sampling period, which may be due to the ongoing usage of DDT in India. This paper demonstrates the possibility of using POP fingerprints to investigate the climate interactions and the validity of using PAS to derive inter-annual atmospheric POP time trends.
Dynamic changes in terrestrial net primary production and their effects on evapotranspiration
Authors: Li Zhi , Chen Yaning , Wang Yang , Fang Gonghuan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The dramatic increase of global temperature since the year 2000 has a considerable impact on the global water cycle and vegetation dynamics. Little has been done about recent feedback of vegetation to climate in different parts of the world, and land evapotranspiration (ET) is the means of this feedback. Here we used the global 1 km MODIS net primary production (NPP) and ET data sets (2000–2014) to investigate their temporospatial changes under the context of global warming. The results showed that global NPP slightly increased in 2000–2014 at a rate of 0.06 PgC yr−2. More than 64 % of vegetated land in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) showed increased NPP (at a rate of 0.13 PgC yr−2), while 60.3 % of vegetated land in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) showed a decreasing trend (at a rate of −0.18 PgC yr−2). Vegetation greening and climate change promote rises of global ET. Specially, the increased rate of land ET in the NH (0.61 mm yr−2) is faster than that in the SH (0.41 mm yr−2). Over the same period, global warming and vegetation greening accelerate evaporation in soil moisture, thus reducing the amount of soil water storage. Continuation of these trends will likely exacerbate regional drought-induced disturbances and point to an increased risk of ecological drought, especially during regional dry climate phases.
Permitting Voluntary Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Law Reform Pathways for Common Law Jurisdictions
Authors: Downie Jocelyn 
Published: June 2016

<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">End of life law and policy reform is the subject of much discussion around the world. This paper explores the pathways to permissive legal regimes that have been tried in various common law jurisdictions. These include legislation, prosecutorial charging guidelines, court challenges, jury nullification, the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in the absence of offence-specific charging guidelines, and the exercise of judicial discretion in sentencing. In this paper, I describe these pathways as taken (or attempted) in five common law jurisdictions (USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada) and reflect briefly on lessons that can be drawn from the recent experiences with law reform in Canada. Through its bird’s eye view, it highlights the remarkable number and variable nature of past attempts at law reform and suggests a shifting tide. It debunks some common myths that have either limited or stymied reform in the past. Finally, it illuminates jurisdictional similarities and differences and lessons learned by those who have gone before so as to inform choices about pathways to pursue for those who will seek to advance a law reform agenda in the future.</span></em></p>
“GÍRIA PORTUGUESA” E BRASILEIRISMOS NOS INÍCIOS DO SÉCULO XX: O DICIONÁRIO DE ALBERTO BESSA
Authors: GONÇALVES Maria Filomena 
Published: June 2016

Neste artigo analisamos um corpus extraído de “A gíria portugueza. Esbôço de diccionario de ‘calão’”, obra publicada em 1901 por Alberto Bessa (1861-1938), jornalista e escritor português. O nosso corpus reúne 365 palavras e expressões que apresentam a marca “brasileirismo” (braz.) naquele dicionário. Bessa baseou-se em fontes escritas (antigas e modernas) – livros e jornais –, levando igualmente em consideração a “tradição oral”. O objectivo deste trabalho é analisar aquelas unidades para verificar quais são, até aos nossos dias, realmente distintivas do Português Brasileiro. Com este propósito, as palavras e expressões foram organizadas de acordo com os campos semânticos mais representados e, por outro lado, foram examinadas em função da sua tipologia (unidades simples, compostas, expressões fraseológicas). Do mesmo modo, foram identificados e analisados os brasileirismos de origem africana e indígena. Os dados do corpus foram confrontados com a lexicografia portuguesa e brasileira, de maneira a ser determinada a vitalidade dos brasileirismos assinalados por Bessa nos inícios do século XX.
A CIDADE DE CÁCERES NAS PROPAGANDAS ELEITORAIS 2012: DISPUTA DE SENTIDOS
Authors: SERAGLIO Jucineia 
Published: June 2016

Este estudo é parte da reflexão que desenvolvi em minha pesquisa de Mestrado em Linguística, sob o viés da Semântica do Acontecimento, disciplina desenvolvida no Brasil por Guimarães (2002b). Na perspectiva de que o acontecimento do dizer se faz pelo funcionamento da língua afetada pelo dizível, propomos analisar enunciativamente como a cidade de Cáceres-MT é dita e significada nos textos que integram os slogans e outros materiais de propagandas das campanhas dos candidatos à Prefeitura Municipal no pleito de 2012, ou ainda, como cada partido político interpreta a cidade em seus vários aspectos e os transformam em materiais de propaganda. Tomamos como corpus documentos oficiais como a Lei eleitoral nº 9.504/97, propagandas e materiais como revista, panfletos, placas, adesivos, ‘santinhos’, divulgados durante a propaganda política. Observamos que as propagandas, expostas à exterioridade, configuram um jogo simbólico pela disputa de sentidos, evocando enunciados já ditos, além de projetar novas enunciações e/ou interpretações.