bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Having to science the hell out of it‡
Authors: Pauly Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA first-person account of the scientific career of the fishery scientist Daniel Pauly is given, starting with his studies in Germany and his work on a coastal lagoon in Ghana in 1971, through his trawl fisheries surveys in Indonesia (1975–1976), his work at the International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management in the Philippines (1979–mid-1990s), and his transition to the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, Canada. Emphasis is given to the widely used major products of his and his collaborators' work (ELEFAN, Ecopath and FishBase) and to the Sea Around Us, a 15-year research activity that he led, which culminated in a reconstruction of global marine fisheries catches from 1950 to 2010, and which discovered a strong decline in catches since the mid-1990s.
Balanced harvest: utopia, failure, or a functional strategy?
Authors: Kolding Jeppe , Garcia Serge M. , Zhou Shijie , Heino Mikko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince “balanced harvest” was proposed in 2010 as a possible tool in the operationalization of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), the concept gained extensive international attention. Because maintaining ecosystem structure and achieving maximum sustainable yields have become two of the key international legal obligations in fisheries management, balanced harvest is as topical as ever. An international workshop on balanced harvest, organized by the IUCN Fisheries Expert Group at FAO headquarters in 2014, reviewed the progress in the field and discussed its prospects and challenges. Several articles in this theme set, mostly based on presentations from the workshop, discuss ecological, economical, legal, social, and operational issues surrounding the key management goals. Progress is being made on understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of balanced harvest and its practical feasibility. Yet, a basic debate on the concept of balanced harvest continues. To move the EAF forward, we anticipate and encourage further research and discussion on balanced harvest and similar ideas.
Commensurabilities between ETNOs: a Monte Carlo survey
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Many asteroids in the main and trans-Neptunian belts are trapped in mean motion resonances with Jupiter and Neptune, respectively. As a side effect, they experience accidental commensurabilities among themselves. These commensurabilities define characteristic patterns that can be used to trace the source of the observed resonant behaviour. Here, we explore systematically the existence of commensurabilities between the known ETNOs using their heliocentric and barycentric semimajor axes, their uncertainties, and Monte Carlo techniques. We find that the commensurability patterns present in the known ETNO population resemble those found in the main and trans-Neptunian belts. Although based on small number statistics, such patterns can only be properly explained if most, if not all, of the known ETNOs are subjected to the resonant gravitational perturbations of yet undetected trans-Plutonian planets. We show explicitly that some of the statistically significant commensurabilities are compatible with the Planet Nine hypothesis; in particular, a number of objects may be trapped in the 5:3 and 3:1 mean motion resonances with a putative Planet Nine with semimajor axis ∼700 au.
Heteronuclear Efimov resonances in ultracold quantum gases
Authors: Ulmanis Juris , Häfner Stephan , Kuhnle Eva D. , Weidemüller Matthias 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Efimov scenario is a universal three-body effect addressing many areas of modern quantum physics. It plays an important role in the transition between few- and many-body physics and has enabled important breakthroughs in the understanding of the universal few-body theory. We review the basic concepts of the Efimov scenario with specific emphasis on the similarities and differences between homonuclear and heteronuclear systems. In the latter scenario, the existence of a second, independently tunable interaction parameter enables novel few-body phenomena that are universal and have no counterexamples in the homonuclear case. We discuss recent experimental approaches using ultracold atomic gases with magnetically tunable interactions and elucidate the role of short-range interactions in the emergence of universal and non-universal behavior.
Relationship between Annualized Case Volume and Mortality in Sepsis
Authors: Gu Wan-Jie , Wu Xiang-Dong , Zhou Quan , Zhang Juan , Wang Fei , Ma Zheng-Liang , Gu Xiao-Ping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAbstract
A dose–response meta-analysis (10 studies, 3.4 M patients, 0.83 M deaths) demonstrated a consistent dose–response relationship with lower mortality in higher volume hospitals with up to 400 cases (intensive care unit, emergency department) per year; above this level, the outcomes plateaued. The findings were consistent across subgroups and may help plan optimal centralization of care.

Background
The relationship between annualized case volume and mortality in patients with sepsis is not fully understood. The authors performed a dose–response meta-analysis to assess the effect of annualized case volume on mortality among patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit, emergency department, or hospital, hypothesizing that higher annualized case volume may lead to lower mortality.

Methods
The authors searched PubMed and Embase through July 2015 to identify observational studies that examined the relationship between annualized case volume and mortality in sepsis. The predefined outcome was mortality. Odds ratios with 95% CIs were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
Ten studies involving 3,495,921 participants and 834,009 deaths were included. The pooled estimate suggested that annualized case volume was inversely associated with mortality (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.89; P = 0.001), with high heterogeneity (I
2 = 96.6%). The relationship was consistent in most subgroup analyses and robust in sensitivity analysis. Dose–response analysis identified a nonlinear relationship between annualized case volume and mortality (P for nonlinearity less than 0.001).

Conclusions
This meta-analysis confirmed the study hypothesis and provided strong evidence for an inverse and a nonlinear dose–response relationship between annualized case volume and mortality in patients with sepsis. Variations in cutoff values of category for annualized case volume across studies may mainly result in the overall heterogeneity. Future studies should uncover the mechanism of volume–mortality relationship and standardize the cutoff values of category for annualized case volume in patients with sepsis.
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Intestinal Microcirculation and Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Endotoxemic Rats
Authors: Yeh Yu-Chang , Wu Chun-Yu , Cheng Ya-Jung , Liu Chih-Min , Hsiao Jong-Kai , Chan Wing-Sum , Wu Zong-Gin , Yu Linda Chia-Hui , Sun Wei-Zen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
Dexmedetomidine reduces cytokine production in septic patients and reduces inflammation and mortality in experimental models of endotoxemia and sepsis. This study investigated whether dexmedetomidine attenuates endothelial dysfunction, intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction, and intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in endotoxemic rats.

Methods
Ninety-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following four groups: (1) Sham; (2) lipopolysaccharide, received IV lipopolysaccharide 15 and 10 mg/kg at 0 and 120 min; (3) dexmedetomidine, received IV dexmedetomidine for 240 min; and (4) lipopolysaccharide + dexmedetomidine, received both lipopolysaccharide and dexmedetomidine. Sidestream dark-field videomicroscope, tissue oxygen monitor, and full-field laser perfusion image were used to investigate the microcirculation of the terminal ileum. Serum endocan level was measured. The Ussing chamber permeability assay, lumen-to-blood gadodiamide passage by magnetic resonance imaging, and bacterial translocation were conducted to determine epithelial barrier function. Mucosal apoptotic levels and tight junctional integrity were also examined.

Results
The density of perfused small vessels in mucosa, serosal muscular layer, and Peyer patch in the lipopolysaccharide + dexmedetomidine group was higher than that of the lipopolysaccharide group. Serum endocan level was lower in the lipopolysaccharide + dexmedetomidine group than in the lipopolysaccharide group. Mucosal ratio of cleaved to full-length occludin and spleen bacterial counts were significantly lower in the lipopolysaccharide + dexmedetomidine group than in the lipopolysaccharide group.

Conclusion
The study finding suggests that dexmedetomidine protects against intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in endotoxemic rats by attenuating intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction and reducing mucosal cell death and tight junctional damage. (Anesthesiology 2016; 125:355-67)
In Vitro Effects of Pantoprazole on Platelet Aggregation in Blood Samples From Clopidogrel and Aspirin-treated Patients
Authors: Karlsson Elias , Holm Manne , van der Linden Jan A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Platelet inhibition during treatment with the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel is prone to great interindividual variability and is believed to be affected by several factors such as genetics and drug–drug interactions. Proton pump inhibitors have been shown to interfere with the liver metabolism of clopidogrel. However, there are limited data on any direct effects proton pump inhibitors may have on clopidogrel. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the in vitro addition of pantoprazole affects platelet aggregation in blood samples from clopidogrel and aspirin-treated patients. Blood samples were drawn from 66 patients on clopidogrel and aspirin who underwent coronary angiography. Platelet aggregation was analyzed using the bed-side Plateletworks assay before and after the addition of 2 different amounts of pantoprazole. The addition of 2.5 μL (4 mg/mL) pantoprazole, final concentration 0.01 mg/mL, was followed by a significant reduction (26%, P ≤ 0.001) of platelet aggregation, which was further reduced (39%, P ≤ 0.001) when a higher dose, 10 μL (4 mg/mL), final concentration 0.04 mg/mL, was added. In conclusion, platelet aggregation was significantly decreased by in vitro addition of pantoprazole. To explore the clinical relevance of this, future studies are needed.
Chinese Herbal Cardiotonic Pill Stabilizes Vulnerable Plaques in Rabbits by Decreasing the Expression of Adhesion Molecules
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Xiaonan , Li Changjiang , Rong Yuanyuan , Xiao Yawei , Xu Xinsheng , Yao Guihua , Jiang Guihua , Zhang Mei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:The cardiotonic pill (CP), consisting of a mixture of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, and Borneolum Syntheticum, has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, are involved in the development of vulnerable plaque. We investigated the effect of the CP in a rabbit model of vulnerable plaque established by local transfection with p53 gene. Compared with the control group, rabbits with vulnerable plaque showed a significantly lower intima-media thickness and plaque burden after CP treatment for 12 weeks. Moreover, the reduction in rate of plaque rupture and vulnerability index was similar. On enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry analysis, the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was inhibited with CP treatment. CP treatment could postpone atherosclerotic plaque development and stabilize vulnerable plaque by inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules in treatment of cardiovascular disease.
CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION IN A YOUNG HIV-INFECTED PATIENT ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: Lenci Lucas T. , Chin Eric K. , Almeida David R. P. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in a young human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patient recently started on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Methods:
Case report observation of a 33-year-old HIV-infected patient who developed a CRAO after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Results:
Elevated triglycerides caused by starting highly active antiretroviral therapy preceded the development of CRAO in an HIV-infected patient.

Conclusion:
Atherosclerotic vascular disease is an important complication of HIV therapy, which can ultimately lead to cardiovascular disease. An unusual case of a young patient developing a CRAO after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy is reported. In the patient, the authors expound that elevated lipids from efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir resulted in carotid atherosclerosis, ultimately leading to CRAO. Eye care providers, as well as the internal medicine colleagues, should be aware of the possibility of this devastating condition in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Outcomes are Worse in US Patients Undergoing Surgery on Weekends Compared With Weekdays
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Osler Turner , Li Yue , Lustik Stewart J. , Eaton Michael P. , Dutton Richard P. , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Increasing surgical access to previously underserved populations in the United States may require a major expansion of the use of operating rooms on weekends to take advantage of unused capacity. Although the so-called weekend effect for surgery has been described in other countries, it is unknown whether US patients undergoing moderate-to-high risk surgery on weekends are more likely to experience worse outcomes than patients undergoing surgery on weekdays.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine whether patients undergoing surgery on weekends are more likely to die or experience a major complication compared with patients undergoing surgery on a weekday.

Research Design:
Using all-payer data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 305,853 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery, colorectal surgery, open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, and lower extremity revascularization. We compared in-hospital mortality and major complications for weekday versus weekend surgery using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results:
After controlling for patient risk and surgery type, weekend elective surgery [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.26–4.49; P<0.001] and weekend urgent surgery (AOR=2.11; 95% CI, 1.68–2.66; P<0.001) were associated with a higher risk of death compared with weekday surgery. Weekend elective (AOR=1.58; 95% CI, 1.29–1.93; P<0.001) and weekend urgent surgery (AOR=1.61; 95% CI, 1.42–1.82; P<0.001) were also associated with a higher risk of major complications compared with weekday surgery.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing nonemergent major cardiac and noncardiac surgery on the weekends have a clinically significantly increased risk of death and major complications compared with patients undergoing surgery on weekdays. These findings should prompt decision makers to seek to better understand factors, such physician and nurse staffing, which may contribute to the weekend effect.
Accuracy of Medicare Claim–based Algorithm to Detect Breast, Prostate, or Lung Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Sathiakumar Nalini , Delzell Elizabeth , Yun Huifeng , Jooste Rene , Godby Kelly , Falkson Carla , Yong Mellissa , Kilgore Meredith L. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
We had previously developed an algorithm for Medicare claims data to detect bone metastases associated with breast, prostate, or lung cancer. This study was conducted to examine whether this algorithm accurately documents bone metastases on the basis of diagnosis codes in Medicare claims data.

Methods:
We obtained data from Medicare claims and electronic medical records of patients 65 years or older with a breast, prostate, or lung cancer diagnosis at a teaching hospital and/or affiliated clinics during 2005 or 2006. We calculated the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of our algorithm using medical records as the “gold standard.” The κ statistic was used to measure agreement between claims and medical record data.

Results:
The agreement between claims and medical record data for bone metastases among breast, prostate, and lung cancer patients was 0.93, 0.90, and 0.69, respectively. The sensitivities of our algorithm for bone metastasis in patients with breast, prostate, and lung were 96.8% [95% confidence interval (CI)=83.8% to 99.4%], 91.7% (95% CI=78.2% to 97.1%), and 74.1% (95% CI=55.3% to 86.8%), respectively; and the PPVs were 90.9% (95% CI=76.4% to 96.9%), 91.7% (95% CI=78.2% to 97.1%), and 71.4% (95% CI=52.9% to 84.8%), respectively.

Conclusions:
The algorithm for detecting bone metastases in claims data had high sensitivity and PPV for breast and prostate cancer patients. Sensitivity and PPV were lower but still moderate for lung cancer patients.
When the Appendix Is Not Seen on Ultrasound for Right Lower Quadrant Pain
Authors: Ly Donald Le , Khalili Korosh , Gray Sara , Atri Mostafa , Hanbidge Anthony , Thipphavong Seng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A survey was administered to 166 academic emergency department (ED) physicians to determine their interpretation and practice after receiving an ultrasound (US) report with nonvisualization of the appendix (NVA). Annual incidence of reported NVA from 2 academic hospitals was calculated for 2002–2013. A retrospective review of the same hospitals revealed that 291 (17.4%) of 1672 USs performed for appendicitis in 2012 indicated NVA. These cases underwent a chart review to determine the negative predictive value of reported NVA and utility of secondary findings. Univariate analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of secondary signs of appendicitis on computed tomography. Ninety eight (59%) of 166 ED physicians completed the survey. Forty nine (52%) of 94 respondents agreed that in the setting of reported NVA with no other acute findings, appendicitis has not been excluded and requires further imaging. There was a significant rise in the incidence rate of reported NVA for appendicitis, 22.5% (2002) up to 41.2% (2013, P < 0.0001). Negative predictive value for reported NVA was 216 (94.3%) of 229; in 9 (69%) of 13 patients, secondary signs of appendicitis were noted. Inflammatory changes in right lower quadrant (P = 0.01) and focal tenderness (P = 0.02) noted on US were significant predictors of a positive computed tomography scan. Current perceptions and practice of some ED physicians equate NVA on US as an inadequate study to exclude appendicitis. However, reported NVA is itself a highly predictive sign (94.3%) of absence of appendicitis even when an alternate cause of pain is not seen.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising Within a Follicular Adenoma
Authors: Kim Yeun Jeong , Hong Hyun Sook , Jeong Sun Hye , Lee Eun Hye , Kwak Jeong Ja 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) arising within a follicular adenoma is an exceptionally rare histopathological subtype that shows the nuclear features of PTC within a benign-appearing, circumscribed follicular adenoma. Although it is clinically significant because of its malignant nature, its ultrasonographic features have not been described previously. A 26-year-old man presented with a heterogeneous isoechoic solid nodule with a marked hypoechoic solid focus and a low echoic peripheral rim in the right thyroid gland on ultrasonography. On color Doppler images, markedly increased vascularity was seen in the hypoechoic solid component. An ultrasound-guided gun biopsy suggested a follicular neoplasm. In the evaluation of a hemithyroidectomy specimen, thyroid follicles and a thin fibrous capsule were seen, which favored a follicular adenoma with tumor cells in a focal area indicating papillary carcinoma. Here, we report a case of PTC arising within a follicular adenoma and discuss possible considerations in thyroid ultrasonographic examinations.
Epigenetic control of phenotypic plasticity in a filamentous fungusNeurospora crassa
Authors: Kronholm Ilkka , Johannesson Hanna , Ketola Tarmo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes under different environmental or developmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity is an ubiquitous feature of living organisms, and is typically based on variable patterns of gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which gene expression is influenced and regulated during plastic responses are poorly understood in most organisms. While modifications to DNA and histone proteins have been implicated as likely candidates for generating and regulating phenotypic plasticity, specific details of each modification and its mode of operation have remained largely unknown. In this study, we investigated how epigenetic mechanisms affect phenotypic plasticity in the filamentous fungusNeurospora crassa. By measuring reaction norms of strains that are deficient in one of several key physiological processes we show that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in homeostasis and phenotypic plasticity of the fungus across a range of controlled environments. Effects on plasticity are specific to an environment and mechanism, indicating that epigenetic regulation is context dependent and is not governed by general plasticity genes. In our experiments withNeurospora, histone methylation and the RNA interference pathway had the greatest influence on phenotypic plasticity, while lack of DNA methylation had the least.
Fast, scalable and accurate differential expression analysis for single cells
Authors: Sengupta Debarka , Rayan Nirmala Arul , Lim Michelle , Lim Bing , Prabhakar Shyam 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAnalysis of single-cell RNA-seq data is challenging due to technical variability, high noise levels and massive sample sizes. Here, we describe a normalization technique that substantially reduces technical variability and improves the quality of downstream analyses. We also introduce a nonparametric method for detecting differentially expressed genes that scales to > 1,000 cells and is both more accurate and ~10 times faster than existing parametric approaches.
The Higher Plant Plastid Complex I (NDH) is a Reversible Proton Pump that increases ATP production by Cyclic Electron Flow Around Photosystem I
Authors: Strand Deserah D. , Fisher Nicholas , Kramer David M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF) is critical for balancing the photosynthetic energy budget of the chloroplast, by generating ATP without net production of NADPH. We demonstrate that the chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase complex (NDH), a homolog to respiratory Complex I, pumps approximately two protons from the chloroplast stroma to the lumen per electron transferred from ferredoxin to plastoquinone, effectively increasing the efficiency of ATP production via CEF by two-fold compared to CEF pathways involving non-proton-pumping plastoquinone reductases. Under certain physiological conditions, the coupling of proton and electron transfer reactions within NDH should enable a non-canonical mode of photosynthetic electron transfer, allowing electron transfer from plastoquinol to NADPH to be driven by the thylakoid proton motive force possibly helping to sense or remediate mismatches in the photosynthetic budget.