bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stanhopeinae Mesoamericanae II (Orchidaceae). Dos especies nuevas: Polycycnis blancoi y Coryanthes maduroana
Authors: Gerlach Günter 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas de Stanhopeinae (Orchidaceae): </span><span>Polycycnis blancoi</span><span>, de Costa Rica, y </span><span>Coryanthes maduroana </span><span>de Panamá. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Zeitpunkt und Durchführung der tierschutz-konformen Nottötung beim Rind
Authors: Schafbauer T. , Wittek T. , Khol J. L. 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Nottötung von Rindern stellt in der Nutztierpraxis mitunter eine nicht zu unterschätzende Herausforderung dar, insbesondere wenn es gilt, zwischen der Weiterführung der Therapie oder einer Nottötung abzuwägen. Anamnese und Befunde der klinischen Untersuchung liefern dabei wertvolle prognostische Hinweise, die durch labordiagnostische Untersuchungen ergänzt werden können. Gegenwärtig liegen jedoch keine Laborparameter mit ausreichend hohem diagnostischem Wert vor, sodass die Entscheidung letztlich auf der Summe aller Informationen aus Anamnese, klinischem Zustand und Laborparametern sowie persönlicher Erfahrung zu treffen ist. Objektiv messbare Parameter können dabei aber Entscheidungs- und Argumentationshilfen gegenüber den Tierhaltern bieten. Neben den genannten Faktoren spielen die betrieblichen Möglichkeiten, die teilweise aufwendigen und zeitintensiven Pflegemaßnahmen bei schwerkranken Tieren durchzuführen, eine bedeutende Rolle. Zur Nottötung ist aus veterinärmedizinischer Sicht die medikamentöse Euthanasie anderen Tötungsmethoden vorzuziehen. Dazu stehen verschiedene Präparate mit dem Wirkstoff Pentobarbital sowie das Kombinationspräparat T61®- Injektionslösung (MSD Animal Health) zur Verfügung, die alle ausschließlich von Tierärzten angewendet werden dürfen. Vor der Pentobarbitalapplikation sollte eine tiefe Sedierung des Tieres erfolgen. T61® darf nur am bewusstlosen (narkotisierten) Tier und nicht bei trächtigen Tieren angewendet werden. Wenngleich Tierärzte mecha - nische Tötungsmethoden selten durchführen, sollten sie in der Lage sein, deren korrekte Durchführung zu beurteilen und gegebenenfalls zu korrigieren. Insbesondere bei der Tötung mittels Bolzen- oder Kugelschuss muss auf die korrekte Platzierung am Rinderkopf geachtet und im Falle des Bolzenschusses die anschließende Tötung mittels Entbluten oder Rückenmarkszerstörers sichergestellt werden. Die zentrale Aufgabe des betreuenden Tierarztes im Sinne des Tierschutzes, aber auch aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht, ist jedoch, gegebenenfalls die zeitnahe Entscheidung zur Nottötung und deren korrekte Durchführung herbeizuführen.
Elevation of Urinary 2-Hydroxyglutarate in IDH-Mutant Glioma
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Nahed Brian V. , Wander Seth A. , Iafrate A. John , Borger Darrell R. , Hu Ranliang , Thabet Ashraf , Cahill Daniel P. , Perry Ashley M. , Joseph Christelle P. , Muzikansky Alona , Chi Andrew S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background.
Recurrent mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes, which are frequent in gliomas, result in marked accumulation of the metabolic by-product 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) within tumors. In other malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia, presence of IDH mutation is associated with elevated 2-HG levels in serum or urine compartments. Circulating 2-HG in patients with glial malignancies has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods.
In this study, we analyzed 2-HG levels in the serum and urine of a large set of patients with IDH-mutant and IDH-wild-type glioma, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a subset of this cohort.

Results.
We found that 2-HG was elevated in the urine of patients with IDH-mutant versus IDH-wild-type glioma, although no significant differences in 2-HG levels were observed in the serum or the small set of CSF samples obtained. Among patients with IDH-mutant glioma, 2-HG levels did not differ based on the histopathologic grade, genetic subtype (TP53 mutant or 1p/19q codeleted), presence of a canonical (IDH1 R132H) or noncanonical (any other IDH variant) mutation, or treatment type.

Conclusion.
Our finding suggests that urinary 2-HG is increased among patients with IDH-mutant gliomas, and may represent a future surrogate, noninvasive biomarker to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and management.
La representación social de la inseguridad en jóvenes universitarios ecuatorianos: el caso Ambato
Authors: Molina-Coloma Verónica , Reyes-Sosa Hiram , Larrañaga-Egilegor Maider 
Published: February 2016

Introducción: la inseguridad es un tema de preocupación social en Ecuador, así como en muchos países latinoamericanos. La referencia a sucesos relacionados con la inseguridad es habitual en los medios de comunicación y refleja la situación de incertidumbre con la que vive la población cotidianamente. Objetivo: se plantea el análisis de la representación social de la inseguridad. En este sentido, se pretende conocer cómo los jóvenes conciben y explican este objeto social. Metodología: mediante técnicas cualitativas, se realizó la recogida de información. En el estudio, participaron 271 jóvenes universitarios (67% mujeres y 33% hombres), con una media de 21,32 años (DT: 2,23). Resultados: el análisis del núcleo central y del sistema periférico reveló que los jóvenes perciben un contexto inseguro caracterizado por la incertidumbre y el miedo de salir a lugares públicos o zonas específicas. Este sentimiento de inseguridad se ve reforzado por la falta de mecanismos que regulen este clima negativo, tal como lo es la ineficiente estructura en las instituciones judiciales. En relación con las diferencias de género, se evidenció que las mujeres reportan tener mayor miedo y vulnerabilidad en su vida cotidiana, a diferencia de los hombres. Conclusiones: en Ambato se han desarrollado estrategias a fin de reducir la inseguridad, sin embargo, estos mecanismos no han ayudado a disminuir la percepción de miedo establecido en el contexto.
Risk Management Of Shanghai Enterprises With Financial Derivatives
Authors: Yu Eden S. H. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Using a survey, this paper examines the practices of risk management using financial derivatives by enterprises in Shanghai. It is found that the use of financial derivatives by Shanghai enterprises is still at its infancy stage. Many enterprises focus on only one or two types of derivatives for managing their business risks. This may be attributed both to the government regulations against speculation and the underdevelopment of the derivative markets in China. </span></p></div></div></div>
Age Management: A New Paradigm In HRM Within Slovenian Enterprises
Authors: Znidarsic Jana , Dimovski Vlado 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>In the recent years a demographic situation in European countries has been mostly characterized by a growing proportion of the older population </span><span>– </span><span>a trend that is expected to continue in the future. The implications of this trend are not only present on the macroeconomic level (pensions, later retirement, health problems, etc.) but are more and more approached by the companies due to the aging workforce. Companies are thus introducing new approaches, policies and instruments which are synthetically called age management to accommodate to the situation of the ageing workforce. Age management is </span><span>thus primarily the companies’ orientation and is proved by the previous research </span><span>that the essential drivers for the older workers staying active are found within the companies. </span></p><p><span>The aim of this paper is to highlight the development of age management within Slovenian companies where the practice of age management is still in its early stage. However, we expect that due to the ageing population and the shortages on the labor market one can expect that those practices will receive more and more attention in the future. Therefore, we reveal through the research of the 200 Slovenian companies the existing age management practices such as recruitment practices, training, remuneration, flexible work options, internal cultu</span><span>re, and even a companies’ external image. </span></p><p><span>We analyze the major problems and obstacles that seem to appear in developmental process of the age management implementation in Slovenian companies, and conclude with some recommendations for the future development of the age management. </span></p></div></div></div>
Doing Well By Doing Good In The Community: Evidence From Some South African Small Businesses
Authors: Dzansi D. Y. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Researchers and policy makers worldwide are convinced that only clear empirical evidence of the economic benefits of business social responsibility (BSR), rather than normative assertions, can motivate small businesses enough to accept and adopt it as an integral business practice. Unfortunately, empirical research so far has yielded mixed results, such that smaller businesses are right to be skeptical about adopting BSR. This paper reports the findings of empirical research on patterns of BSR engagement practices and growth in firms’ sales and gross profit among small and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in a South African setting. This is to determine how a small firm’s economic performance varies (if at all) with the degree of its BSR performance and the kind of BSR activity it engages in. The results suggest a high degree of BSR activity among firms with substantial portions of profit dedicated to BSR. However, contrary to expectations, very weak (minor) link was found between BSR performance and economic performance among the sample of small businesses on some but not all dimensions of BSR considered in the study. Nonetheless, it is recommended that managers and owners of small businesses be encouraged to adopt and practice BSR. Even if they do not do so for economic reasons, they would be right to do so to ‘atone’ for the widely acknowledged detrimental impacts of business on society. </p>
Identity And Privacy Services
Authors: Katzan, Jr. Harry 
Published: February 2016

Personal identity and privacy are important topics in information systems in general and data analytics in particular. Normally associated with digital security, the scope of identity and privacy is much greater and affects most aspects of everyday life. Related subjects are behavioral tracking, personal-identifiable information (PII), privacy data relevance, data repurposing, identity theft, and homeland security. Identity and Privacy Services is an admixture of the major issues in the area of personal identity and privacy and the security of individual rights in a complex societal environment. This is a general paper on this important subject, intended to give exposure to the constituent topics.
Ecuaciones Holonómicas Asociadas a Transformaciones Canónicas del Peso Clásico de Laguerre
Authors: Molano Molano L. A. 
Published: February 2016

<p>En este artículo se usan técnicas estándar para encontrar ecuaciones diferenciales satisfechas por polinomios ortogonales asociados a transformaciones canónicas del peso clásico de Laguerre !(x) = e
Editorial
Authors: Gómez Cuaspud Prof. Dr. Sc. Jairo Alberto 
Published: February 2016

La presente entrega del Volumen 6 Número 1 de nuestra Revista Ciencia en Desarrollo, supone laconsolidación de una publicación de alta calidad que se ha concentrado en un mayor número de trabajosde investigación, lo que nos permite captar un mayor número de manuscritos y proyectarnos a mayoresniveles de periodicidad, para brindarles a nuestros lectores un material más novedoso, actualizado y dinámico. En dicho proceso, es claro que el apoyo de nuestra estructura editorial ha soportado las exigencias de este creciente grupo de lectores, autores y de público en general que encuentra en nuestra revista el espacio idóneo para establecer el estado del arte en muchos campos de las ciencias básicas.
Simplified Model of the Catastrophe Theory for the Landslides Study. (Modelo simplificado de la teoría de la catástrofe para estudiar los derrumbes.)
Authors: Castillo Dazaa S. L. , Naranjo Mayorga F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn many real world problems the symmetries of the system are only an approximation, the parametersinvolved in those systems generate an imperfection, where different bifurcation types converge, leading tocritical situations called catastrophes. In the dynamic model of a bead on a wire in a inclined and suspended position, the system represents a catastrophic, condition that to be studied and analyzed, was necessary to use the bifurcation and catastrophe’s theories1. The results can be compared with the real world, by the landslide qualitative model, caused by a winter situation. ResumenEn muchos problemas del mundo real, las simetrías del sistema son solo una aproximación, los parámetro involucrados en tales sistemas generan una imperfección, en la cual convergen diferentes tipos de bifurcación, conduciendo a situaciones críticas, denominadas catástrofes. En el modelo dinámico de una cuenta sobre un alambre en posición inclinada y suspendida, el sistema representa una condición catastrófica, que para estudiarse y analizarse fue necesario utilizar las teorías de la bifurcación y las catástrofes. Los resultados pueden compararse con el mundo real, mediante el modelo cualitativo del derrumbe, causado por una situación de invierno.
Fenómeno de transporte de una Kinesina como motor browniano con movimiento tipo Hand-Over-Hand
Authors: Avellaneda Bernal D. R. , Naranjo Mayorga F. 
Published: February 2016

<p>El estudio del mecanismo de locomoción en motores proteicos es un tema de actual interés, ya que ha<br />permitido explicar diferentes funciones celulares y, a la vez, ha proporcionado la replicación de motores<br />a escala nanométrica; dicho estudio implica la comprensión de fenómenos estocásticos a microescala en<br />sistemas periódicos que presentan algún tipo de asimetría y que se encuentran fuera del equilibrio térmico, de tal manera que se estudia un sistema que está fuera del equilibrio térmico y que a su vez está inmerso en un universo con disipación y generación de ruido térmico blanco, lo que genera un movimiento dirigido y, como tal, el fenómeno de transporte, de modo que se modelan las condiciones de simetría o asimetría del sistema. Desde el descubrimiento del movimiento browniano se han llevado a cabo investigaciones más arduas de los procesos físicos que se pude interpretar bajo este fenómeno y bajo las leyes de la termodinámica. Desde el punto de vista microscópico, el movimiento térmico aleatorio domina este mundo y hace que las fluctuaciones térmicas den origen a movimientos brownianos y a motores brownianos.</p>
Carta editorial
Authors: Gómez Velasco Nubia Yaneth 
Published: February 2016

<p>En los últimos años, la revista Ciencia en Desarrollo se ha ido constituyendo en un referente de difusión<br />del conocimiento científico en ciencias y áreas afines, a través de la publicación de artículos originales e<br />inéditos, con una sólida exigencia en los procesos arbitrales con pares académicos de reconocida trayectoria<br />académica e investigativa. Así mismo, la revista se ha ido posicionando en la comunidad científica como un medio de consulta sobre avances y resultados de investigación, especialmente en temas de Biología, Física, Química, Matemáticas y Estadística.</p>
Justiça restaurativa e racionalidade penal moderna: uma real inovação em matéria penal?
Authors: Tonche Juliana 
Published: February 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a justiça restaurativa, considerada uma forma alternativa de administração de conflitos, a partir de um quadro teórico das teorias da pena baseado na concepção de Álvaro Pires. Procura-se demonstrar como a justiça restaurativa escapa à racionalidade penal moderna, apresentando-se como uma alternativa ao sistema de ideias que embasa o nosso atual sistema de justiça penal. O método de pesquisa utilizado é qualitativo e a pesquisa partiu do estudo de caso de programas de justiça restaurativa que funcionam no estado de São Paulo, além de entrevistas com profissionais e observação participante de círculos restaurativos que aconteceram em uma escola na cidade de São Caetano do Sul (SP). Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a justiça restaurativa, a despeito de seu potencial transformador, ainda tem se defrontado com dificuldades para ser efetivamente implantada. As resistências com as quais tem que lidar reportam-se desde aos operadores do direito até a população que é atendida pelos programas, que não entendem o modelo enquanto expertise (caso dos profissionais do Direito), ou como um benefício para os envolvidos (caso dos adolescentes e familiares participantes), ainda inscritos dentro um marco punitivo em relação à gestão de conflitos. As conclusões da pesquisa mostram que a justiça restaurativa se apresenta como inovação, tensionando o sistema de justiça penal ao propor uma nova forma de gestão dos conflitos que desvia o foco da punição para a restauração das relações afetadas pelo ocorrido, embora ainda tenha um longo caminho a percorrer para que sua expertise seja traduzida em práticas transformadoras.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Leaves and Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss
Authors: Ravi K  , Bharavi K  , Ravi Kumar P  , Vamsi Krishna B  
Published: February 2016

Azadiracheta indica A. Juss commonly known as Neem belongs to family Meliaceae. Each part of A. indica has been used extensively for various ailments. In the present study A. indica leaves and twigs were shade dried and made into powder. This powdered material was subjected for extraction using ethanol (10gm powder in 100ml ethanol). Ethanol extracts (EE) of leaves and twigs were qualitatively screened for the presence of phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols and steroids. The in vitro antibacterial potential of ethanol extract of leaves and twigs against methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (ATCC 25923) and E. Coli (ATCC 25922) was evaluated by determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ethanol extract of A. indica leaves showed favorable MIC values than the ethanol extract of twigs against MSSA whereas against E. coli both the MIC values are comparable. In conclusion, both ethanol extracts of A. indica leaves and twigs were found to have potent antibacterial activity against MSSA and E. Coli.
Survey of Contextual Correlates of Pharmacovigilance Practices in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Eniojukan Joshua F  , Okonkwo Chibueze  , Arute John E  
Published: February 2016

Pharmacovigilance (PV) became prominent with increasing number of drugs in clinical practice and associated adverse drug events. PV practice in Nigeria is not significantly prevalent. This study aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, practice and contextual correlates of PV among practicing hospital pharmacists in Delta state, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving self-designed questionnaires administered to 100 hospital pharmacists. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. There were more males; 69% were aged between the ages of 22-30 years; 47% worked for between 5-10 years in their present place of work; 81% of the respondents had one or more post graduate certificates. All respondents were familiar with the term PV while only 3% could not give its correct definition. The overall mean positive attitude was 87%. Over 90% of respondents believed pharmacists should be involved in Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting; that pharmacists should attend training programmes, and that ADR reporting is a professional role of the pharmacist; 94% of the hospitals established PV centre mostly (87.2%) headed by pharmacists; a PV committee existed in most hospitals (85.9%). All respondents were aware of the National PV centre but only 80.9% identified Abuja as its location. 75% of respondents ever identified ADRs; only 2.8% reported to the National PV centre; 68.7% had reported a new ADR; gender and postgraduate qualifications were correlated with respondents’ knowledge of PV; gender and years of practice were correlated with respondents’ attitude toward PV. Lack of finance, inadequate infrastructure and manpower were the identified barriers to PV practice. There is needed for practicing health professionals to be exposed to adequate training.
Ezetimibe Repurposing: An In-SilicoTesting of its Potential Anti-giardia Activity
Authors: Rehab Ahmed  , Faisal M. Fadlelmola  
Published: February 2016

Giardia leads to human parasitic disease, and it is highly prevalent in the developing countries. The current medication used to treat giardia is associated with numerous side effects. Moreover, the problem of the emerging giardia resistance given the limited number of anti-giardia agents. Ezetimibe is a cholesterol lowering agent, and it acts to inhibit cholesterol absorption. Giardia needs cholesterol for its survival. It is also known that Giardia depends on external sources of cholesterol. Interfering with the cholesterol uptake pathway might be a promising approach in Giardia therapeutics. Searching for new potential therapeutic targets and agents was the main objective of this research. The hypothesis we proposed is that Ezetimibe might have an inhibitory and/or killing effect on Giardia. Our aim was to test in-silico the potential anti-giardia activity of this drug and the possible targets. Literature as well as public databases search was done to find possible targets for Ezetimibe in Giardia. 3D Models for the found potential targets were generated using comparative modeling software. Models refinement and assessment were also done. Using Surflex-dock the possible binding of Ezetimibe to the giardia targets was tested. We found that a putative Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and a putative Giardia lamblia low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein could be possible targets for this drug. The docking score on LCAT was fair. By binding to one or both of these proteins, Ezetimibe might be able to affect Giardia viability. In vitro validation of this result is yet to be done.
Going From Employee to Employer
Authors: Collarini Cheryl R. , Munisteri Islin , Clemens Carter 
Published: February 2016

The Way Ahead Interview: Leadership 360
How did you come up with the idea of Collarini Energy Staffing?
My original company was called Collarini Engineering, and we did reserve evaluations for bank loan determination, year-end reserve reporting, field studies, acquisition analysis, and divestment support. This required me to hire engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and support people. One of our clients, who often hired us to work on offshore field study projects, told me that he had a team that was missing an engineer and wanted to hire one of mine on an hourly basis for a couple of months. That day it occurred to me that we could serve our clients in a different way, and I incorporated Petro- Temps, which is now renamed Collarini Energy Staffing.
What attributes do you look for when choosing candidates for consulting?
Consulting requires a certain amount of experience, technical or professional ability, and the confidence to make decisions. It also requires someone who can stick to their scientifically supportable opinion or finding, and not be unduly affected by client pressure. Finally, it is important to have references from prior clients, if any.
Many people are not suited to consulting; a good consultant must be a team player and respect the client. He or she must be able to defend and document his or her work. And, I always ask about the need for medical and other insurances. That is a cost that must be considered if there are not other arrangements, such as a spouse who can cover the family. For many people whom I have hired as consultants to my businesses, it did not work out. But, for a lot of them it did.