bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does caring mean to nursing and social work students?
Authors: Bagdonaite‐Stelmokiene R. , Zydziunaite V. , Suominen T. , Astedt‐Kurki P. 
Published: August 2016

AimThe aim of this study in Lithuania was to discover how the meaning of caring is perceived by nursing and social work students.BackgroundNursing and social work are caring professions, which provide care in different ways. It is still unclear what features constitute the meaning of caring for nursing and social work students as future caring professionals.MethodsSnowball sampling technique was applied in the study. The data were collected as reflective narratives. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsFor nursing and social work students, the meaning of caring comprises mission, proficiency, values and collaboration. These features overlap, but the implementation of caring is dependent on the particular profession.DiscussionNursing and social work students describe the meaning of caring as holistic assistance to patient/client: the work mission for both. However, the tasks, responsibilities and focus on providing care to a patient/client differ in both professions.LimitationsReflective narratives were preferred to semi‐structured interviews. The researchers did not contact the participants in person to ask them additional questions.ConclusionThe meaning of caring is perceived as a developmental phenomenon, which depends on professional philosophy, practice, continuing learning and experience. Nursing and social work students perceive it as a way of thinking about the individual's being in a profession and acting collaboratively for the wellbeing of others.Implications for health policyFocus on the meaning of caring in nursing and social work (post)graduate education is a premise to shift the training from self‐ to other‐centred, from mono‐ to multi‐disciplinary approach. This is related to the shift of practices towards effective patient‐centred team‐working within the health system, with the spotlight on caring.
Pseudogenes regulate parental gene expression via ceRNA network
Authors: An Yang , Furber Kendra L. , Ji Shaoping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe concept of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) was first proposed by Salmena and colleagues. Evidence suggests that pseudogene RNAs can act as a ‘sponge’ through competitive binding of common miRNA, releasing or attenuating repression through sequestering miRNAs away from parental mRNA. In theory, ceRNAs refer to all transcripts such as mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, long non‐coding RNA, pseudogene RNA and circular RNA, because all of them may become the targets of miRNA depending on spatiotemporal situation. As binding of miRNA to the target RNA is not 100% complementary, it is possible that one miRNA can bind to multiple target RNAs and vice versa. All RNAs crosstalk through competitively binding to miRNAvia miRNA response elements (MREs) contained within the RNA sequences, thus forming a complex regulatory network. The ratio of a subset of miRNAs to the corresponding number of MREs determines repression strength on a given mRNA translation or stability. An increase in pseudogene RNA level can sequester miRNA and release repression on the parental gene, leading to an increase in parental gene expression. A massive number of transcripts constitute a complicated network that regulates each other through this proposed mechanism, though some regulatory significance may be mild or even undetectable. It is possible that the regulation of gene and pseudogene expression occurring in this manor involves all RNAs bearing common MREs. In this review, we will primarily discuss how pseudogene transcripts regulate expression of parental genes via ceRNA network and biological significance of regulation.
The Single Market: Trade Barriers and Trade Remedies
Authors: Egan Michelle , Guimarães Maria Helena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article we investigate how well the single market functions in practice by examining barriers to trade in goods markets and we discuss efforts to improve the governance of the single market. We use two unique datasets of specific trade obstacles to empirically examine which barriers continue to undermine EU cross‐border trade, and whether non‐judicial remedies have provided some degree of effective informal market governance in tackling trade impediments. Based on four hypotheses on country, industry and policy variables we test the probability of removing trade barriers in the pre‐litigation phase of infringement proceedings rather than by Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decisions. We then assess the usage and effectiveness of the informal mechanism Solvit to resolve trade obstacles in the single market. We conclude that informal mechanisms operate in the ‘shadow of hierarchy’ as judicialization remains the last resort option when informal co‐operation does not achieve the desired goals.
Effect of Prunus mahaleb Seed Powder on Dough Rheology and Bread Quality
Authors: Gökşen Gülden , Ekiz H. İbrahim 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrunus mahaleb is a well‐known medicinal plant with a sweet and pleasant odor. Its seed is an important source of protein, fatty acids, fiber, and secondary metabolites. The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic attributes of wheat bread containing five different percentages (control, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) of P. mahaleb seed powder (PM). Increasing the percentage of PM in the dough resulted in a less viscous paste or gel after cooking and cooling as well as a decreased retrogradation speed. The firmness of the bread crumbs during storage after baking significantly decreased with increasing percentages of PM. However, bread containing 8% PM was rated lower in the sensory evaluation and was significantly different in terms of acceptability, compared with the control (P < 0.05). This result may be due to excessive concentrations of aromatic compounds. Panelists decided that bread containing 4% PM is acceptable. The study indicates that PM can be used as an anti‐staling and aroma enhancing additive in other bakery products and that it may extend shelf life, fortify the diet, and supply pleasant taste and odor.Practical ApplicationFlour replacement at different levels (from 2% up to 8%) by Prunus mahaleb seed powder changed dough machinability, viscoelasticity, and bread‐making performances. The addition of PM caused significant changes of the rheological parameters. The addition of 8% and more of PM led to a decreased bread quality, including the sensory quality. The present study has indicated that breads made with about 4% PM had high sensory acceptance. The incorporation of PM has a positive effect on the nutritional value of wheat breads. The rheological and textural properties are changed upon the including of this PM content.
Barriers to Mental Health Care for an Ethnically and Racially Diverse Sample of Older Adults
Authors: Sorkin Dara H. , Murphy Molly , Nguyen Hannah , Biegler Kelly A. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThis study examined potential barriers to mental healthcare use of older adults from diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds.DesignData were obtained from the 2007, 2009, 2011–12, and 2013–14 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), a population‐based survey representative of California's noninstitutionalized population.ParticipantsThe total sample consisted of 75,324 non‐Hispanic white (NHW), 6,600 black, 7,695 Asian and Pacific Islander (API), and 4,319 Hispanic adults aged 55 and older.ResultsResults from logistic regression analyses that controlled for multiple demographic and health status characteristics revealed ethnic and racial differences in reasons for not seeking treatment and for terminating treatment. Specifically, API and Hispanic adults had greater odds than NHWs of endorsing feeling uncomfortable talking to a professional as a reason for not seeking treatment. Hispanic respondents had lower odds of endorsing concerns about someone finding out than APIs, and APIs and blacks had significantly greater odds of endorsing this concern as a reason for not seeking treatment than NHWs. When asked about reasons for no longer receiving treatment, all respondents, irrespective of race or ethnicity, endorsed that they no longer needed treatment as the most frequent reason for terminating treatment, although specific ethnic and racial differences emerged with respect to perceptions of not getting better, lack of time or transportation, and lack of insurance coverage as reasons for no longer seeking treatment.ConclusionUnderstanding how barriers to mental health treatment differ for older adults from diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds is an important step toward designing interventions to overcome these obstacles and improve mental health outcomes.
Executive function and academic achievement in primary – grade students with Down syndrome
Authors: Will E. , Fidler D. J. , Daunhauer L. , Gerlach‐McDonald B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundExecutive function (EF) plays a critical role in academic outcomes in typically developing children, but the contribution of EF to academic performance in Down syndrome (DS) is less well understood. This study evaluated differences in early academic foundations between primary school aged children with DS and non‐verbal mental‐age matched typically developing (TD) children. Additionally, the contribution of EF domains to academic outcomes was evaluated in each group.MethodParticipants with DS (n = 29) and mental‐age matched TD participants (n = 23) were administered the Woodcock Johnson‐ III NU Tests of Academic Achievement, as well as a laboratory‐based EF battery, including measures of working memory, shifting, inhibition and object‐planning.ResultsFindings indicated a difference in early academic foundations profile between children with DS and mental‐age matched TD children. Patterns of EF contributions towards academic outcomes were also observed across groups.ConclusionsAspects of EF are critical to academic achievement in DS but differentially so relative to typical development. Implications for educational instruction are discussed.
Knockdown of Myosin 6 inhibits proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Huang Zhiquan , Hu Yongjie , Liu Liu 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% of all oral cancer with higher mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. However, the potential molecular mechanism of OSCC remains largely unclear. Myosin VI (MYO6) is a unique actin motor and reported to be overexpressed in several cancers. This study aims to examine the functional relationship between OSCC and MYO6.MethodsThe mRNA expression of MYO6 was firstly investigated by analyzing data derived from Oncomine database. On the basis of the results, the expression of MYO6 was knocked down using lentivirus‐delivered RNA interference in human OSCC cell line CAL27, as confirmed by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Stable MYO6 knockdown cells were employed to determine the effects of MYO6‐silencing on cell growth by MTT, colony formation and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis by flow cytometry assay. Moreover, the expressions of cell apoptotic proteins were examined by Western blot analysis.ResultsWe first observed MYO6 was overexpressed in tongue squamous cell carcinoma TSCC belongs to OSCC, compared with normal tissues. For cellular analysis, shRNA sequences against MYO6 could efficiently reduce its expression in CAL27 cells. Knockdown of MYO6 significantly decreased cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, cell apoptosis‐associated proteins, caspase‐3 and PARP, were obviously upregulated in CAL27 after MYO6‐silencing.ConclusionMYO6 could play an essential role in the growth of OSCC cells via regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
Effects of polyphenol‐rich plant products from grape or hop as feed supplements on the expression of inflammatory, antioxidative, cytoprotective and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related genes and the antioxidative status in the liver of piglets
Authors: Gessner D. K. , Bonarius M. , Most E. , Fiesel A. , Eder K. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryRecent studies have shown that supplementation of plant products rich in polyphenols exerts anti‐inflammatory effects in the small intestine and improves feed conversion in piglets. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary polyphenols have also anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in the liver of piglets. For this end, relative mRNA concentrations of eight genes involved in proinflammatory pathways, eight genes involved in the antioxidative and cytoprotective system, six genes of phase I and phase II metabolism and 15 genes of the unfolded protein response (triggered by stress of the endoplasmic reticulum) in the liver of pigs fed diets supplemented with either 1% of grape seed and grape marc meal extract (GME) or 1% spent hops (SH) as sources of polyphenols were determined. Relative mRNA concentrations of almost all these genes, with few exceptions, in the liver of pigs supplemented with GME or SH did not differ from those in the liver of control piglets. Gene expression data were validated by consideration of concentrations of some selected proteins of these pathways which also did not differ between piglets supplemented with GME or SH and control piglets. Moreover, concentrations of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and tocopherols as well as the total antioxidant capacity in liver and plasma did not differ between pigs supplemented with either GME or SH and control piglets. Overall, this study shows that supplementation of GME or SH as sources of polyphenols does not influence hepatic pathways linked to inflammation, the antioxidant and cytoprotective system, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and the xenobiotic system in healthy piglets.
Recent changes in alpine vegetation differ among plant communities
Authors: Gritsch Alexander , Dirnböck Thomas , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimReports on recent changes in high‐mountain vegetation are mostly based on re‐surveys of mountaintop floras. Summits are very specific habitats, however, and detected trends may not necessarily represent alpine vegetation in general. Here, we analyse re‐samples of three prevalent plant communities in non‐summit alpine habitats (snowbeds, two grassland types).LocationNortheastern European Alps.MethodsIn 2013 we re‐sampled a total of 91 relevés of three plant communities from the 1990s. We compared original and re‐samples in terms of species richness (α‐diversity), pair‐wise compositional dissimilarity (β‐diversity) and species pool size (γ‐diversity). Moreover, we calculated mean ecological indicator values (temperature, moisture, nutrient status and soil acidity) as well as potential plant height for each of the 182 relevés. Differences in species pool sizes between the two sampling campaigns were evaluated by randomization tests based on rarefaction curves. In all other cases, differences were compared using paired t‐tests or Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsOf all the community attributes analysed, changes were most consistent with respect to increasing mean species' temperature indicator values. Mean potential plant height also increased slightly in all three communities, but differences were statistically significant only in the case of Carex sempervirens grasslands. Changes in species richness varied among communities, with only the Carex firma grasslands accumulating significantly more species at both the local and regional scales. For the other two plant communities, α‐ and γ‐diversity remained constant, but β‐diversity increased. Indicator values other than temperature either did not change or changed idiosyncratically in the different communities.ConclusionsOur results indicate that some long‐term changes occurred in high mountain grassland and snowbed vegetation of the study area. Consistent changes in mean species' temperature indicator values suggest that climate warming was an important driver. However, trends in biodiversity metrics differed substantially between the studied communities. We conclude that recent increase in species numbers commonly reported from temperate and boreal mountaintops cannot readily be generalized to all temperate and boreal high‐mountain vegetation.
Land use as a filter for species composition in Amazonian secondary forests
Authors: Jakovac Catarina C. , Bongers Frans , Kuyper Thomas W. , Mesquita Rita C.G. , Peña‐Claros Marielos 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuestionsSecondary succession in the tropics can follow alternative pathways. Land‐use history is known to engender alternative successional communities, but the underlying mechanisms driving and sustaining divergence remain unclear. In this study we aim to answer the following questions: (1) does previous land use act as a filter for species composition in secondary forests; and (2) what are the relative roles of management practices, soil properties and landscape composition in determining species composition?LocationCentral Amazon, Brazil.MethodsWe sampled trees, shrubs and palms (≥1cm diameter) in 38 early secondary forests (5 yr after abandonment) located along gradients of land‐use intensity in five shifting cultivation landscapes. We measured the diameter and height of each sampled plant, identified it to species or morpho‐species level and checked if it was resprouting or not. At each secondary forest we also collected soil samples for chemical and physical analyses and estimated the amount of old‐growth forest surrounding it (landscape composition).ResultsWe found that previous land‐use intensity determined species composition. With increasing land‐use intensity, management practices of cut‐and‐burn and associated reduction in soil quality filtered out seed‐dependent species and favoured strong sprouters and species that can cope with low nutrient availability. Landscape composition had a weak effect on species assemblages. We found specific species assemblages and indicator species associated with different levels of previous land‐use intensity. As a consequence of these local filters, species α‐ and β‐diversity decreased and therefore early successional communities became more similar to each other.ConclusionSpecies composition of successional forests is strongly determined by different land‐use intensities. Dispersal limitation has a limited effect on determining the composition of the dominant species. Filtering effects of management practices and soil quality determine the species dominating the canopy at early stages of succession and narrow down the range of species able to colonize and establish. This study highlights how land use shapes successional communities and suggests that alternative successional pathways are determined at early stages of succession. Therefore, accounting for land‐use history is crucial to improve the understanding of tropical secondary succession. We present a list of indicator species for different levels of previous land‐use intensity that can be used to support conservation and restoration decisions in the Amazon.
Spatial patterns of self‐recruitment of a coral reef fish in relation to island‐scale retention mechanisms
Authors: Beldade Ricardo , Holbrook Sally J. , Schmitt Russell J. , Planes Serge , Bernardi Giacomo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOceanographic features influence the transport and delivery of marine larvae, and physical retention mechanisms, such as eddies, can enhance self‐recruitment (i.e. the return of larvae to their natal population). Knowledge of exact locations of hatching (origin) and settlement (arrival) of larvae of reef animals provides a means to compare observed patterns of self‐recruitment ‘connectivity’ with those expected from water circulation patterns. Using parentage inference based on multiple sampling years in Moorea, French Polynesia, we describe spatial and temporal variation in self‐recruitment of the anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus, evaluate the consistency of net dispersal distances of self‐recruits against the null expectation of passive particle dispersal and test the hypothesis that larvae originating in certain reef habitats (lagoons and passes) would be retained and thus more likely to self‐recruit than those originating on the outer (fore) reef. Estimates of known self‐recruitment were consistent across the sampling years (~25–27% of sampled recruits). For most (88%) of these self‐recruits, the net distance between hatching and settlement locations was within the maximum dispersal distance expected for a neutrally buoyant passive particle based on the longest duration of the larval dispersive phase and the average direction and speed of current flow around Moorea. Furthermore, a parent of a given body size on the outer (fore) reef of Moorea was less likely to produce self‐recruits than those in passes. Our findings show that even a simple dispersal model based on net average flow and direction of alongshore currents can provide insight into landscape‐scale retention patterns of reef fishes.
Geographic distribution of patients affected by Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes meningitis, pigeon and tree populations in Southern Brazil
Authors: Spina‐Tensini Tallulah , Muro Marisol Dominguez , Queiroz‐Telles Flávio , Strozzi Isabella , Moraes Samia Talise , Petterle Ricardo Rasmussen , Vettorello Marcelo , Staudacher Claudia , Miguez Luiz Alberto Lopes , de Almeida Sérgio Monteiro 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCryptococcal meningitis is mainly caused by members of the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes. The ecological niches of Cryptococcus species have extensively been studied, but its epidemiological relationship with meningitis cases is still unknown. In this study, we estimate the relationship between cryptococcal meningitis cases and tree and pigeon populations, the classical niches of members of C. neoformans/C. gattii sensu lato. We analysed the records of every patient whose cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded Cryptococcus spp. during the last 30 years at Clinical Hospital of Curitiba. Data about Curitiba′s pigeon and tree distribution were obtained from Curitiba′s Secretaries of Zoonosis and Environment archives. We used ArcGis9 software to plot the distribution of the pigeon and tree populations in this city as well as cryptococcal meningitis cases, distinguishing them according to the causal agent in C. neoformans or C. gattii s.l. In total, 489 cryptococcal cultures were documented, with 140 corresponding to patients eligible for this study (134 affected by C. neoformans s.l. and 6 by C. gattii s.l.). The map showed a relationship between C. neoformans s.l. patients and pigeon population. C. gattii s.l. patients were associated with neither tree nor pigeon populations, but lived close to large unbuilt, unforested areas.