bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite Spectral Energy Distributions and Infrared–Optical Colors of Type 1 and Type 2 Quasars
Authors: Hickox Ryan C. , Myers Adam D. , Greene Jenny E. , Hainline Kevin N. , Zakamska Nadia L. , DiPompeo Michael A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present observed mid-infrared and optical colors and composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of type 1 (broad-line) and 2 (narrow-line) quasars selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopy. A significant fraction of powerful quasars are obscured by dust and are difficult to detect in optical photometric or spectroscopic surveys. However, these may be more easily identified on the basis of mid-infrared (MIR) colors and SEDs. Using samples of SDSS type 1 and 2 matched in redshift and [O iii] luminosity, we produce composite rest-frame 0.2–15 μm SEDs based on SDSS, UKIDSS, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer photometry and perform model fits using simple galaxy and quasar SED templates. The SEDs of type 1 and 2 quasars are remarkably similar, with the differences explained primarily by the extinction of the quasar component in the type 2 systems. For both types of quasar, the flux of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) relative to the host galaxy increases with AGN luminosity (

L

[
O

III
]

) and redder observed MIR color, but we find only weak dependencies of the composite SEDs on mechanical jet power as determined through radio luminosity. We conclude that luminous quasars can be effectively selected using simple MIR color criteria similar to those identified previously (

W
1
–
W
2
>
0.7
;

Vega), although these criteria miss many heavily obscured objects. Obscured quasars can be further identified based on optical–IR colors (for example,

(
u
–
W
3

[
AB
]
)
>
1.4
(
W
1
–
W
2

[
Vega
]
)
+
3.2

). These results illustrate the power of large statistical studies of obscured quasars selected on the basis of MIR and optical photometry.
Coherent Structures at Ion Scales in Fast Solar Wind: Cluster Observations
Authors: Perrone D. , Alexandrova O. , Roberts O. W. , Lion S. , Lacombe C. , Walsh A. , Maksimovic M. , Zouganelis I. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We investigate the nature of magnetic turbulent fluctuations, around ion characteristic scales, in a fast solar wind stream, by using Cluster data. Contrarily to slow solar wind, where both Alfvénic (

δ

b

⊥

≫
δ

b

∥

) and compressive (

δ

b

∥

≫
δ

b

⊥

) coherent structures are observed, the turbulent cascade of fast solar wind is dominated by Alfvénic structures, namely, Alfvén vortices, with a small and/or finite compressive part, with the presence also of several current sheets aligned with the local magnetic field. Several examples of vortex chains are also recognized. Although an increase of magnetic compressibility around ion scales is observed also for fast solar wind, no strongly compressive structures are found, meaning that the nature of the slow and fast winds is intrinsically different. Multispacecraft analysis applied to this interval of fast wind indicates that the coherent structures are almost convected by the flow and aligned with the local magnetic field, i.e., their normal is perpendicular to

B

, which is consistent with a two-dimensional turbulence picture. Understanding intermittency and the related generation of coherent structures could provide a key insight into the nonlinear energy transfer and dissipation processes in magnetized and collisionless plasmas.
The MOSDEF Survey: The Prevalence and Properties of Galaxy-wide AGN-driven Outflows at z ∼ 2
Authors: Leung Gene C. K. , Coil Alison L. , Azadi Mojegan , Aird James , Shapley Alice , Kriek Mariska , Mobasher Bahram , Reddy Naveen , Siana Brian , Freeman William R. , Price Sedona H. , Sanders Ryan L. , Shivaei Irene 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Using observations from the first 2 yr of the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey, we study 13 active galactic nucleus (AGN) driven outflows detected from a sample of 67 X-ray, IR, and/or optically selected AGNs at

z
∼
2

. The AGNs have bolometric luminosities of

∼

10

44

–

10

46

erg

s

−
1

, including both quasars and moderate-luminosity AGNs. We detect blueshifted, ionized gas outflows in the Hβ, [O iii], Hα, and/or [N ii] emission lines of 19% of the AGNs, while only 1.8% of the MOSDEF galaxies have similarly detected outflows. The outflow velocities span ∼300 to 1000 km s−1. Eight of the 13 outflows are spatially extended on similar scales to the host galaxies, with spatial extents of 2.5–11.0 kpc. Outflows are detected uniformly across the star-forming main sequence, showing little trend with the host galaxy star formation rate. Line ratio diagnostics indicate that the outflowing gas is photoionized by the AGNs. We do not find evidence for positive AGN feedback, in either our small MOSDEF sample or a much larger Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample, using the BPT diagram. Given that a galaxy with an AGN is 10 times more likely to have a detected outflow, the outflowing gas is photoionized by the AGNs, and estimates of the mass and energy outflow rates indicate that stellar feedback is insufficient to drive at least some of these outflows; they are very likely to be AGN driven. The outflows have mass-loading factors of the order of unity, suggesting that they help regulate star formation in their host galaxies, though they may be insufficient to fully quench it.
The Heating of Solar Coronal Loops by Alfvén Wave Turbulence
Authors: van Ballegooijen A. A. , Asgari-Targhi M. , Voss A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this paper we further develop a model for the heating of coronal loops by Alfvén wave turbulence (AWT). The Alfvén waves are assumed to be launched from a collection of kilogauss flux tubes in the photosphere at the two ends of the loop. Using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model for an active-region loop, we investigate how the waves from neighboring flux tubes interact in the chromosphere and corona. For a particular combination of model parameters we find that AWT can produce enough heat to maintain a peak temperature of about 2.5 MK, somewhat lower than the temperatures of 3–4 MK observed in the cores of active regions. The heating rates vary strongly in space and time, but the simulated heating events have durations less than 1 minute and are unlikely to reproduce the observed broad differential emission measure distributions of active regions. The simulated spectral line nonthermal widths are predicted to be about 27 km s−1, which is high compared to the observed values. Therefore, the present AWT model does not satisfy the observational constraints. An alternative “magnetic braiding” model is considered in which the coronal field lines are subject to slow random footpoint motions, but we find that such long-period motions produce much less heating than the shorter-period waves launched within the flux tubes. We discuss several possibilities for resolving the problem of producing sufficiently hot loops in active regions.
Négociations diplomatiques et pluralité des droits : le Saint-Empire, l’Europe et le problème des « affaires étrangères » (XVII e -XVIII e siècles)
Authors: Schick Sébastien 
Published: October 2017

Cet article souligne que le droit des gens n’était pas l’unique droit qui permettait, aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles, de régenter les relations diplomatiques entre princes : non seulement les ensembles territoriaux ne pouvaient alors être considérés comme des États homogènes, pour lesquels la distinction entre un intérieur et un extérieur serait aisée – ce qui posa des problèmes concrets d’application du droit des gens –, mais surtout, une multiplicité de grilles de lecture juridiques pouvaient être convoquées afin de régir la relation entre deux princes. Ainsi, le champ de la diplomatie ne saurait se limiter à celui des « affaires étrangères », dont le paradigme reprend les présupposés théoriques du droit des gens ; envisager les relations diplomatiques dans leur pluralité politique et légale permet au contraire de reconstruire la complexité des liens politiques qui unissaient les princes de l’époque moderne, et la pluralité des espaces dans lesquels se déroulait la concurrence pour la domination. À partir de la situation observée dans le Saint-Empire de l’après 1648, et de celle de la politique diplomatique qu’y mena l’union personnelle anglo-hanovrienne dans les années 1740-1750, il s’agit donc de reconstruire la pluralité des droits qui s’appliquèrent alors aux acteurs et de souligner que ces derniers jouaient de cette pluralité dans leurs stratégies de négociation.
Le monde charitable représenté : réseaux d’acteurs et « concordat charitable » à Paris en 1900
Authors: Ginalski Stéphanie , Topalov Christian 
Published: October 2017

Cet article a pour but de représenter le monde charitable du Paris de la Belle Époque. Pour ce faire, l’étude se fonde sur deux répertoires charitables : Paris charitable et prévoyant (1897) et le Manuel des œuvres (1900). L’analyse de réseau nous permet, à partir de ces sources, d’opérer une observation empirique de l’objet, qui contraste avec la représentation officielle de la charité telle qu’elle se donne à voir au Congrès d’assistance de 1900. L’analyse fait apparaître un noyau institutionnel central où de grandes œuvres présentes au congrès jouent un rôle majeur et attendu, mais où l’on trouve aussi des œuvres catholiques absentes du congrès et des congrégations féminines. Une description « par en bas » de l’ensemble du monde charitable parisien montre que celui-ci est fortement fragmenté en des centaines d’œuvres de petite taille, consacrées chacune à une cause locale et à une population limitée, résultant d’initiatives indépendantes et, dans une large mesure, concurrentes les unes des autres. Les œuvres les plus centrales sont néanmoins liées entre elles de deux façons : par la présence des congrégations catholiques dans les œuvres d’Église, mais aussi dans des œuvres « neutres » ; par l’existence d’une série de réseaux de personnes distincts par leurs origines, leurs trajectoires et les inclinations confessionnelles de leurs membres, mais pourtant connectés par une série de personnalités caractéristiques de la nébuleuse réformatrice. C’est ainsi que collaborent dans l’action charitable les camps que divisent l’Affaire et la bataille de la Séparation.
Special Issue: Current trends in research in accounting finance and management control
Authors: Lassala Carlos , Ripoll Feliu Vicente 
Published: October 2017

On January 27, 2016, an agreement was signed with OmniaScience to select articles to be published in the journal Intangible Capital, in a special issue titled "Current Trends in Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Control." The agreement was reached within the framework of three events at the University of Valencia, from June 27 to 30, 2016: XXI Workshop on Accounting and Management Control. “Memorial Raymond Konopka”, X Iberoamerican Congress of Management Accounting, III International Congress on Port Management.More than 200 papers were presented to these events. After being peer-reviewed by a scientific committee made up of 50 professionals, 123 papers were selected. Then, through a rigorous selection process, 10 papers were sent to Intangible Capital. Finally, after another blind evaluation process, the journal chose 7 papers we are presenting today.
Factor H–IgG Chimeric Proteins as a Therapeutic Approach against the Gram-Positive Bacterial PathogenStreptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Blom Anna M. , Magda Michal , Kohl Lisa , Shaughnessy Jutamas , Lambris John D. , Ram Sanjay , Ermert David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBacteria can cause life-threatening infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis. Antibiotic therapy is a mainstay of treatment, although antimicrobial resistance has drastically increased over the years. Unfortunately, safe and effective vaccines against most pathogens have not yet been approved, and thus developing alternative treatments is important. We analyzed the efficiency of factor H (FH)6-7/Fc, a novel antibacterial immunotherapeutic protein against the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. This protein is composed of two domains of complement inhibitor human FH (FH complement control protein modules 6 and 7) that bind to S. pyogenes, linked to the Fc region of IgG (FH6-7/Fc). FH6-7/Fc has previously been shown to enhance complement-dependent killing of, and facilitate bacterial clearance in, animal models of the Gram-negative pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. We hypothesized that activation of complement by FH6-7/Fc on the surface of Gram-positive bacteria such as S. pyogenes will enable professional phagocytes to eliminate the pathogen. We found that FH6-7/Fc alleviated S. pyogenes–induced sepsis in a transgenic mouse model expressing human FH (S. pyogenes binds FH in a human-specific manner). Furthermore, FH6-7/Fc, which binds to protein H and selected M proteins, displaced FH from the bacterial surface, enhanced alternative pathway activation, and reduced bacterial blood burden by opsonophagocytosis in a C3-dependent manner in an ex vivo human whole-blood model. In conclusion, FH-Fc chimeric proteins could serve as adjunctive treatments against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer compensation relationship to company performance in state-owned entities
Authors: Bussin Mark H.R. , Ncube Marvin 
Published: October 2017

Background: Optimal contracting continues to dominate boardroom and dinner discussions worldwide in light of the 2008 global financial crisis and especially in South Africa, due to the growing income gap. Increased scrutiny is being placed on South African state-owned entities (SOEs), as a result of the seemingly poor performance of SOEs. Some of the SOEs are reported to have received financial bailouts from taxpayers’ money, while executives are raking in millions of rands in remuneration, provoking some concerns on the alignment of executive pay to company performance in SOEs.Aim: The study will assist remuneration committees and policymakers in the structuring of executive pay in SOEs to ensure alignment to company performance.Setting: The study sought to assess, based on empirical evidence, if there is a positive relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) remuneration and company performance in South African SOEs in the period between 2010 and 2014. All 21 Schedule 2 SOEs were included in the study.Methods: The research was a quantitative archival research methodology. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were the main statistical techniques used in this study.Results: Contrary to popular media, a positive relationship between CEO and CFO remuneration (fixed pay and short-term incentives) and company performance in SOEs was observed. Company size appears to be the key determiner of fixed pay in SOEs. The positive relationship was mainly noted on absolute profitability measurements like EBITDA (earnings before interest and tax and depreciation and amortisation) and net profit.Conclusion: SOE remuneration committees and policymakers should maintain the positive relationship; however, more emphasis should be placed on financial efficiency measurements so as to enhance efficiencies in SOEs.
Determinación de la inundación en tramos de ríos afectados por marea basada en la simulación continúa de nivel
Authors: Sopelana J. , Cea L. , Ruano S. 
Published: October 2017

<p>Las desembocaduras, estuarios y tramos de ríos costeros son elementos hidrodinámicamente complejos debido a la interacción de varias dinámicas generadoras de inundación como la marea astronómica, la marea meteorológica, el oleaje y el caudal del río, entre otras. La marea astronómica es una onda larga que se propaga aguas arriba llegando a afectar a tramos de río situados a decenas de kilómetros de la costa. En estos tramos de río, el mismo nivel del agua puede ser el resultado de diferentes combinaciones de las dinámicas mencionadas. Los estudios de peligrosidad y riesgo de inundación en tramos de ríos afectados por la marea se han basado hasta ahora en la aplicación de una condición de contorno de nivel de marea fijada de forma más o menos arbitraria. En España, la Guía metodológica para el desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, 2011), consciente de la complejidad de los procesos y en aras de simplificar, aconseja aplicar una condición de contorno de nivel correspondiente al mismo periodo de retorno que el de la avenida que se esté modelizando. Esta forma de proceder no tiene en cuenta la probabilidad de ocurrencia de varios eventos extremos al mismo tiempo.</p><p>En este artículo se propone una metodología híbrida de simulación continua que combina la generación de series sintéticas a largo plazo de las variables implicadas, un modelado hidrodinámico bidimensional de alta resolución espacial de la zona de estudio, y técnicas estadísticas de muestreo de datos e interpolación de resultados. La metodología propuesta se ha aplicado a la ciudad costera de Betanzos (noroeste de España), localizada en la confluencia de dos ríos y en la cola de un estuario. Históricamente Betanzos ha tenido problemas de inundación por lo que está catalogada como un Área de Riesgo Potencial Significativo de Inundación (ARPSI) fluvial y costera. Los resultados se han comparado con los obtenidos aplicando la propuesta de la Guía Metodológica para el Desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, 2011), observándose que estos últimos sobreestiman de forma considerable los niveles de inundación asociados a un determinado período de retorno.</p><p class="Cuerponormal"> </p>
Caetano Veloso’s A Foreign Sound
Authors: Browning Barbara 
Published: October 2017

What makes a song sound foreign? What makes it sound American, or Brazilian? Caetano Velosos 2004 American songbook album, A Foreign Sound, is a meditation on these questionsbut in truth, they were questions hed been asking throughout his career. Properly heard, the album throws a wrench into received ideas regarding the global hegemony of US popular music, and also what constitutes the Brazilian sound. This book takes listeners back through some of Velosos earlier considerations of American popular music, and forward to his more recent experiments, in order to explore his take on the relationship between US and Brazilian musical idioms.
33 1/3 Global, a series related to but independent from 33 1/3, takes the format of the original series of short, music-basedbooks and brings the focus to music throughout the world. With initial volumes focusing on Japanese and Brazilian music, the series will also include volumes on the popular music of Australia/Oceania, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and more.
Censura en el cine coreano. Deseo y muerte en "Hanyo" de Kim Ki-young
Authors: Marcos Molano Mar , Pérez Matesanz Nuria 
Published: October 2017

El cine coreano ha nacido y crecido bajo la sombra permanente de la censura a través de las distintas dictaduras que se han sucedido desde principios del siglo XX. En este contexto rescatamos la figura de Kim Ki-young a través de su película Hanyo, (La criada, 1960), para bucear en los mecanismos de la escritura fílmica con los que el cineasta es capaz de representar la atracción sexual a partir del potencial femenino que emerge con fuerza en su cine, con el fin de que la mujer abandone su posición sumisa e incorpore un rol activo en la representación de los valores sociales a través de la sexualidad. La sexualidad reprimida se convierte a su vez en cuestionable instrumento de poder, por lo que el elemento liberador es socialmente inaceptable. Esta doble lectura adquiere una cualidad simbólica que el cineasta aprovechará para construir su discurso. El presente análisis tiene como primer objetivo desvelar las peculiaridades culturales que afectan a la actuación de la censura en el país asiático, en tanto que su labor no se dirige tanto hacia explicitud de las imágenes como hacia a la atribución moral de las mismas; un segundo objetivo se plantea entender la incidencia inequívoca de otros mecanismos de autocensura social latentes en la obra de Kim Ki-young. Articulando una narración en “tres actos” que se despliega a lo largo de tres décadas diferentes —Hanyo (1960), Hwanyeo (1971) y Hwanyeo´82 (1982) —, Kim Ki-young revisita la representación de las bajas pasiones humanas con el fin de ofrecer al espectador una mirada poliédrica del dilema moral que supone la represión sexual. A través del análisis realizado se comprueba cómo el cineasta secciona con precisión quirúrgica los dramas humanos, en un ejercicio de inteligente caligrafía cinematográfica, capaz de sortear las íntimas peculiaridades de la censura.
My Life with Mark Twain: Chapter One—Hinduism
Authors: Harris Susan K. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Susan K. Harris has been following Mark Twain's 1895–96 trip through the British Empire, the trip that Twain records in his last travelogue, Following the Equator. She is working on a collection of essays tracking themes that Twain starts in Following and taking them into their manifestations today. For this, the essays combine Mark Twain studies with a form of research most similar to serious investigative journalism. But the essays are also personal narratives, introducing identities of self that do not normally figure into academic writing. The essay printed here picks up on Twain's comments about Hinduism during his visit to Benares, India, and meditates on the different personal, cultural, and temporal frameworks though which Harris and Twain view Hindu religious practice.
“The Same Old Mud”: Mark Twain's Transcendent Imagination and Jeff Nichols's Mud
Authors: Black Richard 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article examines the 2012 film Mud, written and directed by Jeff Nichols. It argues that the title character functions as a metaphor for Twain's transcendent creative imagination, so that by the film's conclusion Mud is best understood as Andrew Levy describes Twain late in his life: he is “an imagination floating freely across centuries … yet still moored to the events that provided pleasure and pain when that same imagination belonged to a child.”
Tramps and Hobos: Adventure and Anguish in Mark Twain and Jack London
Authors: Reesman Jeanne Campbell 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Hobos and tramps are everywhere in the works of Mark Twain and Jack London. Twain is a gentleman “tramp” in The Innocents Abroad (1872) and in A Tramp Abroad (1880), if not in Roughing It (1872). Certainly Twain's frontier upbringing, his teenage years wandering in the Midwest for apprentice newspaper and printing jobs, and his experiences on the river taught him hard truths, mostly about human character. London, son of the lower-middle working class of Oakland, California, always insisted that his call to writing happened before the Yukon, when as a hobo in 1892 he learned how to tell a tale interesting and tragic enough that it would earn him a handout. His book about his hoboing is The Road (1907), and he wrote related works. He believed his experiences on the Road and in prison for vagrancy revealed a way forward, to portray life in his writing as grimly as it was. London was able to apply his socialism to an imperial government in the observations he made while spending six weeks walking the streets as a member of the homeless and slum-dwellers in the heart of the great city of Empire. He made his first professional photographs for this book, The People of the Abyss (1903). He reveals a different life on a different sort of Road in a city, in many ways a worse road of despair than that of wanderers back home in the American West.