bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the founder effect of RET533 as the common Greek and Brazilian ancestor spreading multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A
Authors: Cunha Lucas L , Lindsey Susan C , França Maria Inez C , Sarika Leda , Papathoma Alexandra , Kunii Ilda S , Cerutti Janete M , Dias-da-Silva Magnus R , Alevizaki Maria , Maciel Rui M B 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesAbout one-quarter of patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) have inherited disease due to mutations in theRETgene. A rare mutation in exon 8 (G533C) ofRET, previously described in a large Brazilian family with MEN2A, also appeared to be clustering in Greece, whereas it was rarely reported in other ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to identify a possible common ancestry between these carriers.Patients and methodsTwelveRETG533C mutation carriers, four randomly selected from the Brazilian cohort and eight from apparently unrelated Greek families, were studied for a possible common ancestral origin.RETflanking microsatellite markers at chromosome 10q (D10S197, D10S196, D10S1652 and D10S537) were used.ResultsGenomic DNA analysis using these markers showed that many of these apparently unrelated individuals shared a common haplotype indicating a common ancestral origin.ConclusionOur data suggest that Brazilian and Greek patients with MTC carrying the G533C mutation in exon 8 ofRETgene originate from a common ancestor. Due to historical reasons, we speculate that the more plausible explanation for the origin of this mutation is in Greece.
Afinal, para que servem a história e a filosofia da biologia?
Authors: Flach Pâmela Ziliotto Sant'Anna , Del Pino José Claudio 
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho pretende discutir a seguinte questão: afinal, para que serve a história e a filosofia da biologia, levando em conta a aprendizagem e o ensino da ciência biológica na escola básica. Para isso, apresentamos uma revisão teórica acerca dos elementos da história da ciência, como o reducionismo, que influenciaram a constituição da biologia enquanto ciência e também elementos históricos da construção da teoria da evolução biológica. Tal discussão justifica-se tendo em vista que a biologia, campo florescente de investigação, de pesquisas e descobertas, não raro, é ensinada e aprendida na escola como uma ciência a-histórica, estática e descontextualizada. Argumentamos que a teoria da evolução, ao estabelecer uma relação entre os diversos campos da biologia, representa a possibilidade de promover o ensino menos fragmentado dessa ciência juntamente com uma visão integrada dos processos que constituem a vida. A história e a filosofia contribuem para que se reconheça a biologia como uma ciência autônoma, com métodos e princípios diferentes das outras ciências naturais e para que os alunos consolidem uma compreensão sistêmica dos fenômenos biológicos, possibilitando que o conhecimento construído seja mobilizado de maneira significativa na proposição de soluções, ideias, explicações para os fenômenos do cotidiano.
O ENEM: breves considerações sobre importância avaliativa e reforma educacional
Authors: De Oliveira Thiago Soares 
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho objetiva a reflexão crítica acerca da importância do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) tanto para a avaliação da qualidade geral do ensino médio quanto para o ingresso nas instituições de ensino superior. Para isso, parte-se do pressuposto de que o ENEM é capaz de agir de formas diversas: ajustando o currículo, o que, por sua vez, resultaria na modificação da estruturação do próprio exame, e construindo uma prática educativa coerente por meio dos subsídios que pode oferecer às possibilidades de reforma educacional. Dessa forma, em razão da fonte de dados a que se recorre, adota-se a pesquisa bibliográfica como metodologia capaz de dar conta do objetivo proposto. Ao fim, conclui-se que o ENEM apresenta-se como instrumento hábil a fornecer subsídios para uma possível reforma educacional, devido às características próprias que inclusive o distinguem do vestibular tradicional.
Non-epitaxial, Highly Textured (001) CoPt:B2O3 Composite Films for Perpendicular Recording
Authors: Yan M. L. , Powers N. , Sellmyer D. J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report the non-epitaxial growth of highly textured (001) CoPt:B2O3 nanocomposite thin films that are deposited directly on thermally-oxidized Si wafers. Multilayers of Co/Pt/Co/B2O3 are deposited followed by appropriate thermal processing. The as-deposited films are disordered fcc CoPt phase, and magnetically soft. After annealing, an (001) orientation of CoPt-ordered grains is developed. The texture development is dependent both on the total film thickness and the annealing process. Nearly perfect (001) texture can be obtained in films with thinner initial layer thicknesses. Strong perpendicular anisotropy is shown to be related to this (001) texture.
An In-Situ Oblique-Incidence Optical Reflectance Difference Study of Co Electrodeposition on a Polycrystalline Au(111) Surface
Authors: Gray J. , Schwarzacher W. , Zhu X.D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe studied submonolayer and multilayer deposition of Co on Au(111) using in-situ oblique-incidence optical reflectance difference (OI-RD). We show that the optical technique is highly sensitive and accurate in determining the electrodeposited film thickness and growth mode. We found that the optically determined thickness of the ultrathin Co film is in very good agreement with that deduced from the integration of the anodic current during cyclic voltammetry (CV). From a weak oscillatory behavior of the optical reflectance difference signal, it seems that the growth of electrodeposited Co on Au(111) under pulsed deposition condition proceeds by a combination of three dimensional island and quasi layer-by-layer growth modes.
Cu and Dilute Binary Cu(Ti), Cu(Sn) and Cu(Al) Thin Films: Texture, Grain Growth and Resistivity
Authors: Gungor A. , Barmak K. , Rollett A. D. , Cabral C. , Harper J. M. E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAnnealing Cu and dilute Cu(Ti), Cu(Sn) and Cu(Al) alloy films resulted in the strengthening of film texture, with the strongest <111> fiber texture being found for Cu(Ti). Annealing also resulted in a decrease of electrical resistivity and the growth of grains, with the largest grain size and lowest resistivity being seen for pure Cu itself. Among the alloy films, the lowest resistivity was found for Cu(Ti) and the largest grain size for Cu(Al). Electron beam evaporated films with compositions in the range of 2.0-3.0 at% and thicknesses in the range of 420-540 nm were annealed at 400°C for 5 hours. Four point probe resistance measurement, xray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to follow the changes in film resistivity, texture and grain size.
Influences of Hydrogen on the Evolution of the Electrical Resistivity Of Ultra-Thin Sputtered Copper Films Measured in Real-Time
Authors: Barnat E. V. , Wang P. -I. , Nagakura D. , Lu T. -M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe electrical resistivities of copper films sputtered in either argon or an argon-hydrogen atmosphere are measured in real time, during growth. The electrical resistivities for both cases are observed to be functions of the film's thickness, with the films grown in the hydrogen containing atmosphere possessing a resistivity of 4.5 +/- 0.2 μΩ-cm at 40 nm, lower than the resistivity of 5.0 +/-0.3 μΩ-cm for 40 nm thick films grown in the argon atmosphere. Furthermore, the electrical resistivities for both sets of films were observed to continue to evolve after the termination of deposition. The amount of change and the rate of change were observed to depend on the film's thickness as well as atmosphere the films were grown in. Measurements made by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the presence of hydrogen also influences the preferential crystallographic orientation as well as grain size distribution. These measurements indicate that the differences in the microstructure are correlated to the observed differences in the behavior of the electrical resistivities.
Incidence of Palatal Fistula at Time of Secondary Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction
Authors: Shankar Vikram A. , Snyder-Warwick Alison , Skolnick Gary B. , Woo Albert S. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: We aim to establish consistent time points for evaluating palatal fistula incidence to standardize reporting practices and clarify prospective literature. Design: An institutional retrospective chart review was conducted on 76 patients with unilateral or bilateral complete cleft lip and palate who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting between 2006 and 2015. Main Outcome Measures: Early fistula incidence rates were reported prior to maxillary expansion, and late fistula rates were reported at the time of alveolar bone grafting. Fistula recurrence rates after primary repair were also measured. Results: We found an early fistula incidence rate of 20% (n = 15) and a late fistula rate of 55% (n = 42) at the time of secondary ABG. Fistulae recurred after initial repair in 43% of cases. Fistulae were classified using the Pittsburgh Classification System as type III (33%), type IV (60%), or type V (7%). The presence of a bilateral cleft ( P = 0.01) and history of early fistula repair ( P < 0.01) were associated with late fistula incidence in a univariate analysis. In a logistic regression model, only early fistula repair was associated with late fistula incidence (OR = 17.17) and overall likelihood of recurrence (OR = 70.89). Conclusions: Early fistulae should be reported prior to orthodontic expansion of the maxillary arch. Late fistulae should be reported at the time of ABG, following palatal expansion. Patients who develop an early fistula after palatoplasty are likely to experience recurrent fistula formation.
Role of serum LDH in preeclampsia as a prognostic factor – a cross sectional case control study in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mary Vinitha Padmini , Chellatamizh M. , Padmanaban S. 
Published: January 2017

Background: LDH is an intracellular cytoplasmic enzyme. It is ubiquitous to all the major organ systems. Cellular enzymes in extracellular space have no metabolic function, although they serve as indicators of disturbances in cellular integrity. Serum LDH is abnormal in many disorders, therefore total serum LDH is highly sensitive but nonspecific test. In preeclampsia also LDH may be elevated and can indicate the prognosis for both mother and fetus. We conducted this study to examine the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase concentration and the severity of the disease and the occurrence of its complications.Methods: 200 pre-eclamptic women (121 with mild and 79 with severe pre-eclampsia) and 200 healthy normotensive controls were studied prospectively at Government Kilpauk medical college and hospital between January and December 2015. Demographic, hemodynamic, and laboratory data were compared among the three groups. The symptoms and complications of severe pre-eclampsia along with fetal outcome were analyzed according to the levels of LDH.Results: Severely pre-eclamptic patients were significantly younger, with low gravidity and parity. On the other hand, they had significantly increased systolic and diastolic pressure and liver enzymes, uric acid, urine albumin, and LDH levels. The symptoms and complications of pre-eclampsia along with perinatal mortality were increased significantly in patients with LDH >800 IU/l compared with those who had lower levels.Conclusions: Lactate dehydrogenase is a useful biochemical marker that reflects the severity of pre-eclampsia. In our study, LDH has been evaluated as a biochemical marker for preeclampsia and as a prognosticator of the disease severity. Detection of high-risk patients with increased levels of LDH mandate close monitoring and management to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Comprehensive NICU Parental Education: Beyond Baby Basics
Authors: Mosher Sara L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEducating NICU families during their child’s hospitalization and prior to hospital discharge is an integral task for staff from the moment an infant is admitted to the unit. Staff has the responsibility of providing parents with a myriad of education regarding the intensive care environment and information concerning their child’s medical condition. With first-time parents, staff teaching topics extend to also include training on how to perform basic newborn care such as diapering, bathing, feeding, and numerous other primary parenting responsibilities. True comprehensive education, however, should include information about and evidence on the significance of parental self-care in not only their own health and emotional stability but also the cognitive and behavioral development of their child prior to leaving the comfort of their NICU support network. Recommendations for this essential education are presented so NICU providers can best prepare parents for this critical responsibility.
Growth Performance of Mono Sex and Mixed Sex Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus)
Authors: Helmizuryani Helmizuryani , Muslimin Boby 
Published: January 2017

Many factors influence fish growth like rearing by sex. This study aims to determine the growth of theClimbing perch of the different sexes. This research was conducted at hatchery business unit at MulyaPlaju, from May to July 2015. Fry spawning fish came from the wet Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture,University of Muhammadiyah Palembang. They were maintained separately between the male and thefemale and the gender-mix between male and female, reared in nets with a density of 30 individualseach net; each treatment was repeated three times. During the research, fry feed used artificial feedwith 30% protein compotition. The results showed that there was growth of female was faster than ofmale and of mixed sex. The growth of fish was 1,40 cm and weight of 4.56 gr, while survival rate ofthem was 100%. Keywords : growth, Anabas testudineus, mixed sex, mono sex
Industrial-sized Cyber Attacks Threaten the Upstream Sector
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: January 2017

The oil and gas industry is coming to terms with a cyber threat landscape that has expanded beyond data breaches and the theft of intellectual property. The latest battlefront is in the field where critical drilling and production assets are at risk of being disrupted or destroyed, thanks to their highly vulnerable control systems.
The industry has experienced only a few cases of these so-called cyber-to-physical attacks but the US Department of Homeland Security predicts that by 2018 cyber attacks against oil and gas infrastructure around the world will cost almost USD 1.9 billion. One of the most dire warnings comes from the multinational risk adviser and insurance firm Willis Group, which in 2014 reported that “a major energy catastrophe, on the same scale as Piper Alpha, Phillips Pasadena, Exxon Valdez, or Deepwater Horizon, could indeed be caused by a cyber attack.” The company noted in its report that insurance providers generally will not cover such events. The concern over control systems has come to the forefront because of the widespread use of digital oilfield technology that began about 2 decades ago. Driven by significant gains in efficiency and production, companies eagerly moved to tether nearly every facet of operational networks to the Internet, either directly or through corporate networks. On the plus side, the industry gained invaluable real-time data, various operations became automated, and engineers working in office buildings could remotely control offshore operations.
But the computer hardware that makes all of this possible was never designed to be connected to the Internet. Known collectively as Industrial Control Systems (ICS), they were built to run in isolation and thus have no security measures that guard against run-of-the-mill malware, let alone a targeted cyber attack launched by a sophisticated hacker.
“Security was not important for anyone; what was important was to have those systems operational,” said Ayman Al Issa, chief technologist and senior adviser of industrial cyber security at Booz Allen Hamilton. He added, “Based on our experience, it is easy to attack those systems—it is easy to attack thousands of them.”
Al Issa explained that the control systems are used not only in the oil and gas industry but in nearly every industry and utility sector around the world. Recent attacks on control systems in Europe prove that the digital oil field is at risk. The long list of assets using these exposed control systems includes drilling rigs, subsea wellheads, flowmeters, production facilities, pipelines, and artificial lift installations.
The industry is working on multiple fronts to address vulnerabilities, but cybersecurity experts working in the industry say it will be years before adequate safeguards are in place. Until then, oil and gas companies must face the reality that the hacker community has the advantage.
Vietnam Still Holds Much E&P Opportunity
Authors: Parshall Joel 
Published: January 2017

As oil companies struggle with the collapse in crude prices and industry upheaval, assessing the future of exploration and production (E&P) in specific countries requires a longer term vision of a market in which prices will have stabilized and rebounded to a level yet undetermined. Seen in this lengthier view, Vietnam holds substantial E&P opportunity because of its resource potential, its expanding economy and surging internal energy demand, the diverse group of global operators active in the country, and the interest of national oil company Petrovietnam in expanding partnerships with international E&P players.
At the same time, a limitation on this upside lies in the dispute between Vietnam and China over territorial waters, which is affecting international investment in some E&P prospects. While sporadic tensions have arisen between the countries, Vietnam and China remain in discussions over the disputed areas. A peaceful resolution could benefit both countries and the oil and gas industry. Notably, well to the north of the disputed waters, Petrovietnam and China National Offshore Oil Company have a joint exploration agreement covering the Gulf of Tonkin.
In the decades since the end of the Vietnam War, exploration and development in Vietnam have grown by leaps and bounds. With 4.4 billion bbl of oil reserves, the country now ranks No. 3 in the Asia- Pacific region, trailing only China and India.
Always an Interest
“Vietnam has always been an interest among international oil and gas companies,” said Suraya Tulot, Vietnam EP upstream researcher at IHS. “It is an opportunity that companies are looking at, especially the independents.”
Almost all of Petrovietnam’s domestic upstream activity has been offshore in shallow water. From the beginning, the Cuu Long Basin has been the center of Vietnamese E&P. However, activity has spread to the Nom Con Son, Song Hong, Phu Khanh, Phu Quoc, and Malay-Tho Chu basins, as well as others, and deepwater development is getting under way.
“Vietnam is relatively underexplored,” Tulot said. “While the focus has been on Cuu Long, there are opportunities in the Nam Con Son and Song Hong basins and elsewhere.” Petrovietnam’s Ky Lan 1X gas discovery in the Song Hong Basin late last year is one example. That success has piqued interest among other companies. Eni and KrisEnergy have recently acquired exploration blocks in the vicinity.
E&P Notes (April 2016)
Authors: Jacobs Trent , Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: January 2017

E&P Notes
Onshore Support for Mexico’s Deepwater Blocks Lacking
Trent Jacobs, JPT Senior Technology Writer
The deepwater blocks Mexico plans to lease to international operators in December are among the deepest, most remote, and geologically challenging in the world. But the difficulties of developing these areas will start onshore, where adequate and secure port facilities are few and far between.
“This is where the issue is about deep water,” said Chris Garcia, the Mexico international account director and deepwater adviser at Schlumberger. “Logistics are going to be very challenging, much more so than on the American side.”

New Technology To Cut Electric Costs, Not Production
Trent Jacobs, JPT Senior Technology Writer
Everhart Energy Technology, a startup company based in Beverly Hills, California, has developed a system it believes will help small to medium-sized operators cope with the reality that, while oil prices have fallen, their electric bills have not.
Installed between a pump jack lift and its power source, the system regulates the power being transmitted to the electric motors and also captures the kinetic energy generated on the pump’s down stroke—similar to how a hybrid vehicle works. The technology was invented in South Korea for industrial and commercial equipment and Everhart, founded in 2014, has secured the rights to apply it in oil fields in the United States.

Statoil Gets a Jump on Offshore Costs
Stephen Rassenfoss, JPT Emerging Technology Senior Editor
One of the latest offshore innovations from Statoil is nothing flashy, which is the point. A drawing shows a plain, steel jacket, standing in water 110 m deep, topped with a flat metal deck.
The spare design is indicative of the disciplined approach to offshore development that led to a 52% decrease in the estimated break-even cost for its Oseberg Vestflanken 2 project, of which the platform is a key part. The lower break-even made it possible to move forward with development of three small oil and gas fields at a time when depressed prices are forcing mass cancellations of offshore projects globally.