bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN SIFAT PENYANGGA ALUMINA TERHADAP SIFAT KATALIS HYDROTREATING BERBASIS NIKEL-MOLIBDENUM
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Subagjo Subagjo 
Published: November 2017

EFFECT OF ALUMINA SUPPORT PROPERTIES ON THE NICKEL-MOLIBDENUM BASE HYDROTREATING CATALYST. Effect of surface characteristics of three species of synthesized γ-alumina (alumina-1, alumina-2 and alumina-3) on characteristics NiMo catalysts has been studied. Those aluminas are derived from boehmite Catapal B by varying rasio mol nitric acid to boehmite. A sol-gel method is used to synthesize γ-Al2O3 support. The Nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) of H2, Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) of NH3, and mechanical strength are used to characterize the supports and catalysts. The results showed that the surface area alumina affects the formation of crystalline MoO3 in the NiMo catalyst, while γ-Al2O3-3 support which has the highest surface area (about 195 m2/g) compared to the other two types of alumina (>195 m2/g) does not have a crystalline MoO3. The formation of crystalline MoO3 is not influenced by the acidity alumina. Based on the results of XRD, it is indicated that the supported alumina-3 NiMo catalyst (having the highest acid strength) shows that there is no presence of crystalline MoO3. Pore size distribution of support did not change significantly after the deposition of Ni and Mo oxides. Mechanical strength of support also affects the strength NiMo catalyst. Support alumina-3 which has the highest mechanical strength gives the mechanical strength of the highest NiMo catalyst. Pengaruh sifat penyangga γ-alumina hasil pengembangan (alumina-1, alumina-2 dan alumina-3) pada karakter katalis hydrotreating nikel-molibdenum (NiMo) telah dipelajari. Ketiga jenis γ-alumina diturunkan dari boehmite “Catapal B” dengan menvariasikan nisbah mol asam nitrat terhadap boehmite. Pembuatan γ-alumina menggunakan metoda sol-gel. Adsorpsi Nitrogen, X-ray difraksi (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) H2, Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) NH3, dan kekuatan mekanik digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi penyangga dan katalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa luas permukaan alumina mempengaruhi pembentukan kristalin MoO3 dalam katalis NiMo. Pada penyangga alumina-3 yang memiliki luas permukaan yang paling tinggi (sekitar 195 m2/g) di banding dua jenis alumina lainnya (>195 m2/g) tidak memiliki kristalin MoO3. Pembentukan kristalin MoO3 tidak dipengaruhi oleh sifat keasaman alumina. Berdasarkan hasil XRD ditunjukan bahwa pada katalis NiMo berpenyangga alumina-3 (memiliki kekuatan asam yang paling tinggi) tidak terdapat adanya kristalin MoO3. Distribusi ukuran pori peyangga tidak berubah signifikan setelah deposisi oksida Ni dan Mo. Kekuatan mekanik penyangga mempengaruhi pula kekuatan katalis NiMo. Penyangga γ Al2O3-3 yang memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang paling tinggi memberikan kekuatan mekanik katalis NiMo yang tertinggi.
Optimasi Adsorpsi Ion Mg2+ pada Fixed Bed Column dengan Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sylvia Novi , Meriatna Meriatna , Hasfita Fikri , Hakim Lukman 
Published: November 2017

Abstract OPTIMIZATION ADSORPTION OF Mg2+ ION ON FIXED BED COLUMN USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. Modeling of the adsorption process is used to establish the mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization. This is important to determine the factor values that produce a maximum response. Adsorption of Mg from groundwater was optimized using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was used to analyze adsorption data. The process was investigated by continuous experiments. Variables included in the process were: bed depths (7.5, 10, and 12.5 cm), time (20, 40, and 60 min), and flow rate (6, 10, and 14 L/min). Regression analysis was used to analyze the developed models. The outcome of this research showed that 72.784% of the variability in removal efficiency is attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, bed depths, time, and flow rate. Optimization tests showed that the optimum operating conditions for the adsorption process occurred at a bed depth of 11.37 cm, time of 55.53 min and flow rate of 6 L/min. Keywords: adsorption; Box-Behnken design; magnesium (Mg2+); optimization AbstrakPemodelan dari proses adsorpsi digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan matematis antara variabel proses interaksi dan proses optimasi. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan nilai faktor yang menghasilkan respon maksimum. Adsorpsi magnesium (Mg2+) dari air tanah dioptimalkan menggunakan metodologi respon permukaan model Desain Box-Behnken yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adsorpsi. Percobaan dilakukan secara kontinyu. Variabel yang termasuk dalam proses tersebut adalah: tinggi unggun (7,5, 10 dan 12,5 cm), waktu kontak (20, 40, dan 60 menit), dan laju alir (6, 10, dan 14 L/menit). Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menganalisis model yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 72,784% efisiensi penyisihan Mg2+ ditentukan oleh tiga variabel proses, yaitu tinggi unggun, waktu kontak, dan laju alir. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi optimum untuk proses adsorpsi terjadi pada tinggi unggun 11,37 cm, waktu kontak 55,53 menit dan laju alir 6 L/menit. Kata kunci: adsorpsi; Box-Behnken desain; magnesium (Mg2+); optimasi
SINTESIS GLISEROL KARBONAT DARI GLISEROL DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS RESIN INDION 225 Na
Authors: Adhitasari Alfiana , Sulistyo Hary , Prasetya Agus 
Published: November 2017

Abstract KINETIC STUDY OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND UREA USING INDION 225 Na AS CATALYST. The using of biodiesel as an alternative energy source that is renewable causes the increasing of glycerol as byproduct of biodiesel production. It makes the selling value of glycerol decreases. Glycerol processing is needed to increase the selling value of glycerol in the market. One of the glycerol derivative is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is used as adhesives, solvents, inks, surfactants, and lubricants. This research was carried out by reacting glycerol and urea in a batch reactor using Indion 225 Na as catalyst. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions of synthesis of glycerol carbonate. The results showed that the obtained optimum conversion of glycerol was 48.43% with ratereaction is 0.1296 hr-1 and the ativation energy is 17.0628 kJ/mol.K with frequency factor is 19.4199 hr-1 in the glycerol:urea ratio of 1:1, the catalyst concentration of 5% and a temperature of 130 0C in 5h of reaction. Kata kunci: glycerol; glycerol carbonate; indion 225 Na; urea Abstrak Penggunaan biodiesel sebagai alternatif sumber energi yang bersifat renewable mengakibatkan meningkatnya gliserol sebagai hasil samping produksi biodiesel. Peningkatan produksi gliserol berdampak terhadap nilai jual gliserol yang semakin menurun. Pengolahan gliserol perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual gliserol di pasaran. Salah satu produk turunan gliserol adalah gliserol karbonat. Gliserol karbonat mempunyai kegunaan sebagai perekat, pelarut, tinta, surfaktan, dan pelumas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereaksikan gliserol dan urea dalam reaktor batch menggunakan katalis resin Indion 225 Na. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terbaik sintesis gliserol karbonat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi gliserol terbaik yang didapatkan sebesar 48,43% dengan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi sebesar 0,1296 jam-1 dan nilai Ea sebesar 17,0628 kJ/mol.K dengan nilai faktor frekuensi sebesar 19,4199 jam-1pada perbandingan gliserol:urea 1:1, konsentrasi katalis 5% dan suhu 1300C selama 5 jam reaksi. Keywords: Gliserol; Gliserol Karbonat; Indion 225 Na ; Urea
A 6-Week Base Strength Training Program for Sprint Acceleration Development and Foundation for Future Progression in Amateur Athletes
Authors: Lockie Robert G. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
THIS ARTICLE DETAILS A 6-WEEK RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM THAT CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE SPRINT ACCELERATION IN AMATEUR ATHLETES. THIS PROGRAM CAN CONCURRENTLY ENHANCE BASE LOWER-BODY STRENGTH AND 10-M SPEED AND INCORPORATES THE BACK SQUAT, STEP-UP, CABLE HIP FLEXION, AND SMITH MACHINE CALF RAISE. LOADS CAN BE INCREASED FROM APPROXIMATELY 75–90% OF ONE REPETITION-MAXIMUM OVER THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM. THE EXERCISES ARE DESCRIBED WITH SUPPORTING SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR THEIR USE. ADDITIONALLY, SUGGESTIONS ARE PROVIDED AS TO HOW THE PROGRAM COULD BE MODIFIED AND PROGRESSED WITH DIFFERENT EXERCISES TO FURTHER ENHANCE THE FORCE–VELOCITY PROFILE.
Moving Speciation Genetics Forward: Modern Techniques Build on Foundational Studies in Drosophila
Authors: Castillo Dean M , Barbash Daniel A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The question of how new species evolve has been examined at every level, from macroevolutionary patterns of diversification to molecular population genetic analyses of specific genomic regions between species pairs. Drosophila has been at the center of many of these research efforts. Though our understanding of the speciation process has grown considerably over the past few decades, very few genes have been identified that contribute to barriers to reproduction. The development of advanced molecular genetic and genomic methods provides promising avenues for the rapid discovery of more genes that contribute to speciation, particularly those involving prezygotic isolation. The continued expansion of tools and resources, especially for species other than Drosophila melanogaster, will be most effective when coupled with comparative approaches that reveal the genetic basis of reproductive isolation across a range of divergence times. Future research programs in Drosophila have high potential to answer long-standing questions in speciation. These include identifying the selective forces that contribute to divergence between populations and the genetic basis of traits that cause reproductive isolation. The latter can be expanded upon to understand how the genetic basis of reproductive isolation changes over time and whether certain pathways and genes are more commonly involved.
The Evolution of Gene-Specific Transcriptional Noise Is Driven by Selection at the Pathway Level
Authors: Barroso Gustavo Valadares , Puzovic Natasa , Dutheil Julien Y 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGene expression is a noisy process: in constant environment and genotype, cell to cell variability occurs because of randomness of biochemical reactions...Biochemical reactions within individual cells result from the interactions of molecules, typically in small numbers. Consequently, the inherent stochasticity of binding and diffusion processes generates noise along the cascade that leads to the synthesis of a protein from its encoding gene. As a result, isogenic cell populations display phenotypic variability even in homogeneous environments. The extent and consequences of this stochastic gene expression have only recently been assessed on a genome-wide scale, owing, in particular, to the advent of single-cell transcriptomics. However, the evolutionary forces shaping this stochasticity have yet to be unraveled. Here, we take advantage of two recently published data sets for the single-cell transcriptome of the domestic mouse Mus musculus to characterize the effect of natural selection on gene-specific transcriptional stochasticity. We show that noise levels in the mRNA distributions (also known as transcriptional noise) significantly correlate with three-dimensional nuclear domain organization, evolutionary constraints on the encoded protein, and gene age. However, the position of the encoded protein in a biological pathway is the main factor that explains observed levels of transcriptional noise, in agreement with models of noise propagation within gene networks. Because transcriptional noise is under widespread selection, we argue that it constitutes an important component of the phenotype and that variance of expression is a potential target of adaptation. Stochastic gene expression should therefore be considered together with the mean expression level in functional and evolutionary studies of gene expression.
Sifat Lapangan pada Bilangan Kompleks
Authors: Nuraida Ida 
Published: November 2017

Dalam teori gelanggang dibahas sifat-sifat lapangan (field) pada suatu sistem bilangan. Suatu gelanggang komutatif L disebut lapangan jika untuk setiap a∈L dan a≠0 terdapat a^(-1)∈L, sehingga aa^(-1)=a^(-1) a=1. Diantaranya adalah sifat lapangan pada sistem bilangan kompleks. Bilangan kompleks adalah bilangan yang berbentuk a + bi atau a + ib, a dan b bilangan real dan i^2= –1. Notasi bilangan kompleks dinyatakan dengan huruf C. Dapat dibuktikan bahwa bilangan kompleks memiliki sifat-sifat lapangan yang memenuhi 10 sifat, yaitu sifat tertutup penjumlahan dan perkalian, komutatif penjumlahan dan perkalian, assosiatif penjumlahan dan perkalian, memiliki identitas penjumlahan dan perkalian, memiliki balikan (invers) penjumlahan dan balikan perkalian.
La investigación: sus retos a futuro
Authors: VILLA VILLA SANDRA IRINA 
Published: November 2017

Para este número de la Revista Advocatus existen en la palestra varios temas que por sí solos dan para un trabajo monográco; en efecto, de cara a la academia, existen muchas inquietudes que no se están canalizando de manera adecuada. Cual si se tratara de un ‘sonambulismo jurídico’, en las aulas se está agotando un contenido curricular que prediseñado por la institución, ata en la mayoría de las ocasiones al docente, sin que este replantee los tópicos y sin que se sensibilice al dicente frente a los fenómenos reales que son de diaria ocurrencia; tanto es así que, la academia ha restado importancia a su labor de precursora del pensamiento.
Un libro incómodo
Authors: SENIOR M. JORGE E. 
Published: November 2017

Editorial Planeta, a través de su sello Ariel, ha publicado la que posiblemente es la obra más polémica de 2015 en los países de habla hispana, como ya lo había sido en 2014 en naciones angloparlantes. Se trata del libro Unaherencia incómoda, subtitulado Genes, raza e historia humana, autoría del editor de ciencia y tecnología del New York Times, Nicholas Wade. El título original es A troublesome inheritance: genes, race and human history.
La Investigación Sociojurídica: Retos de Cara a la Globalización
Authors: VILLA VILLA SANDRA IRINA 
Published: November 2017

Dentro del marco de esta edición, vienen a la mente una serie de reflexiones relacionadas con la pertinencia de los diferentes proyectos que han de presentarse, puesto que, de suyo se sabe que, son precisamente los distintos renglones de la vida social los que imponen al investigador un rutero para su actividad; en efecto, la realidad es más ingeniosa que el más acucioso legislador y en ese orden, siempre existirán ‘lados ciegos’ en los que habrá necesidad de precisar la intención de las disposiciones y suplir aquellos vacíos que surgen casi espontáneamente.
La estigmatización de la oposición política en el ejercicio democrático en la historia colombiana 1945 – 2016
Authors: De La Cruz Martínez Alfonso , Ariza Goenaga Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2017

Se presenta un barrido histórico que rescata desde 1945 hasta nuestros días una de las principales características del la vida política de Colombia: La estigmatización de la llamada oposición política. Es dar cuenta de la persecución social, política y militar de quienes, individual o colectivamente, representaban una opción diferente a los gobiernos de tinte autoritario que han venido matizando a la República de valores pluralistas y democráticos, que de una u otra forma, nuestras cartas políticas han plasmado en el papel.

Pero se pretende de igual manera puntualizar y resaltar que parte de los problemas que la oposición ha venido padeciendo se deben, sin dudas, a la inexistencia de garantías legales (concebidas en su más amplio sentido) y políticas para el ejercicio y expresión de su ideas y proyectos sociales, económicos y políticos.

La salida al problema tiene que empezar por la existencia de un Estatuto de la Oposición que históricamente se ha le ha negado a Colombia, y se le ha visto hundirse bajo la forma de proyectos legislativos en la pereza, ignorancia y falta de voluntad política del nuestro Congreso. El referente utilizado que guía la reflexión presentada no es otro que el caudillo liberal asesinado bajo el estigma señalado de la oposición: Jorge Eliecer Gaitán.
Reflexiones de las políticas públicas sobre desplazamiento implementadas en el Dpto. del Atlántico: año 2004 – 2016.
Authors: Rodríguez Albor Claudia Patricia , Nieto Díaz Rafael Darío , Rojas Rovira Marcos Israel 
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo persigue mostrar las reflexiones sobre las políticas públicas implementadas por el Estado colombiano en el departamento de Atlántico, en relación a los desplazados, frente al estado de cosas inconstitucional a partir de la sentencia T- 025 del 2004. Se sustentó en los supuestos teóricos de Acnur (2009) y (2014), Aguilar y Ander-Egg (1992), Bejaramo (1997), y Celis (2006), entre otros. Metodológicamente se categorizó como un estudio cualitativo de corte documental, con técnicas fenomenológicas, bajo un paradigma crítico interpretativo. Entre las reflexiones finales se destacaron, que en la mayoría de los casos, el Estado olvida la responsabilidad que le compete en el cuidado de esta población, no solo en el encargo de garantizar la seguridad en las zonas donde fueron desplazados, sino en la creación de políticas sociales en las zonas donde se encuentran asentados. De allí se desprenden algunas reflexiones tendientes recomendar que el Estado Colombiano debe apoyar el retorno voluntario y la reinserción a sus territorios de origen. Así como crear un centro de orientación para la atención psicosocial, jurídica y asistencial para la atención de mujeres víctimas de violencia de todo tipo. Fortalecer el Programa: “Atención a la Población damnificada” existente, para la atención de la población alojada y albergada en el Departamento.
Tratamiento de agua residual procedente de la industria de curtiembres mediante humedales subsuperficiales usando zantedeschia aethiopica
Authors: Suárez Escobar Andrés Felipe , Agudelo Valencia Rafael Nikolay 
Published: November 2017

Subsuperficial flux wetlands at bench scale were evaluated for tannery wastewater treatment. Plastic containers of 51 cm of length, 35 cm of width and 30 cm of height were used together with a substrate of gravel between 9 and 12.5 mm. One of the wetlands was planted with Zantedeschia Aethiopica, the other one was no planted and used as a control. Measurement of physical and chemical parameters as pH, turbidity, COD and total chromium were made. The operation of the wetlands was made with different dilution of the wastewater, initiating with a diluted water and finishing with pure wastewater in order to prepare the wetlands. The wastewater was recirculated for both wetlands and a period of time of 26 days was used for this study. A large improvement of the evaluated parameters was found for both wetlands. Nevertheless, a big difference between the planted and control wetland was not found. Accumulation of chromium in the plants was founded in roots, stems, leafs and flowers, making this plant ideal for phytostabilization and phytoremediation process.
Presencia de residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados en leche pasteurizada
Authors: Castilla Pinedo Yolanda , Mercado Martínez Iván Darío , Jurado Eraso Mario Alberto 
Published: November 2017

For this research work the remains of organochlorine pesticides Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, four Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, γ-HCH or lindane), Aldrin, Dieldrin contained in liquid pasteurized milk, sold in Cartagena (Colombia); were determined. The analytic technique of gas chromatography recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) was used to determine the content of organochlorine insecticide. The research work concluded that levels of the organochlorine pesticides analyzed in the pasteurized milk were high.
Caracterización de resinas fotopoliméricas curadas con radiación U.V aplicadas a la manufactura aditiva
Authors: Caballero Torres Marcos Andrés , Mora Gil Oscar Javier , Moncaleano Irma Angarita , Córdoba Nieto Ernesto 
Published: November 2017

The use of the additive manufacturing is increasing around the world despite of the lack of knowledge regarding the behavior of the elements made up in such process. It is necessary to stablish the reliability of the parts obtained by the additive manufacturing, both by the effect of the materials such as for the process itself. To characterize the PolyJet 3D printing process we made tensile strength test to 3 different orientations (Longitudinal, transversal and 45°). We also exposed the specimens to an UV aging chamber. The specimens unexposed obtained averaged tensile strength of 52Mpa (Transversal), 53Mpa(45°), 55Mpa (Transversal). When we exposed the specimens to the UV radiation the tensile stress values increase to 56MPa(Longitudinal), 59Mpa (Transversal) and 57Mpa(45°). This improvement in the mechanical properties can be explained by the phenomena of crosslinking of polymeric chains that diminish the anisotropy.
Evaluación de los cambios de precipitación y temperatura en seis grandes cuencas colombianas durante el siglo XX
Authors: Reyes Nidia , Santos Gómez José David 
Published: November 2017

The changes on climatic variables precipitation and temperature are evaluated in six main Colombian basins. The changes were evaluated through the University of Delaware Air Temperature & Precipitation (UD-ATP) database, which has data from 1901 to 2010. The work includes significance tests of estimated change, limited by both UD-ATP database spatial resolution and spatial cover. Most basins which were analyzed showed a significant temperature increase during twentieth century, together with precipitation amount reduction, mainly in the Andes mountains and the Pacific region
Reseña sobre el estado del arte de la aplicación del modelo FokkerPlanck-Kolmogorov en la estimación de amenazas hidrológicas
Authors: Palacio Gómez Diana Carolina , Gonzales Carlos 
Published: November 2017

This work is the result of a researching into the state of the art in applying Fokker-Planck model and Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov regarding the estimation of the probability of occurrence of one or more events. The issue is known in the theory of risk management as hazards. The paper describes the origin of the model in various sciences (classical physics, quantum physics, finance, geosciences and hydrology). briefly describes recent applications of the model in estimating the likelihood of hydrological events in various countries (United States, Russia, France and Colombia). Moreover, as a practical illustration full exercise of applying the model FokkerPlanck-Kolmogorov it is developed for modeling nonstationary proceses for multi-year average flow of the river Fonce (Santander, Colombia). This exercise demonstrates the advantages of the model against the experimental modeling of threats to traditional models