bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unforced Surface Air Temperature Variability and Its Contrasting Relationship with the Anomalous TOA Energy Flux at Local and Global Spatial Scales*
Authors: Brown Patrick T. , Li Wenhong , Jiang Jonathan H. , Su Hui 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Unforced global mean surface air temperature () is stable in the long term primarily because warm anomalies are associated with enhanced outgoing longwave radiation () to space and thus a negative net radiative energy flux (, positive downward) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). However, it is shown here that, with the exception of high latitudinal and specific continental regions, warm unforced surface air temperature anomalies at the local spatial scale [T(θ, ϕ), where (θ, ϕ) = (latitude, longitude)] tend to be associated with anomalously positive N(θ, ϕ). It is revealed that this occurs mainly because warm T(θ, ϕ) anomalies are accompanied by anomalously low surface albedo near sea ice margins and over high altitudes, low cloud albedo over much of the middle and low latitudes, and a large water vapor greenhouse effect over the deep Indo-Pacific.
It is shown here that the negative versus relationship arises because warm anomalies are associated with large divergence of atmospheric energy transport over the tropical Pacific [where the N(θ, ϕ) versus T(θ, ϕ) relationship tends to be positive] and convergence of atmospheric energy transport at high latitudes [where the N(θ, ϕ) versus T(θ, ϕ) relationship tends to be negative]. Additionally, the characteristic surface temperature pattern contains anomalously cool regions where a positive local N(θ, ϕ) versus T(θ, ϕ) relationship helps induce negative . Finally, large-scale atmospheric circulation changes play a critical role in the production of the negative versus relationship as they drive cloud reduction and atmospheric drying over large portions of the tropics and subtropics, which allows for greatly enhanced .
Climate Mechanism for Stronger Typhoons in a Warmer World*
Authors: Kang Nam-Young , Elsner James B. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Violent typhoons continue to have catastrophic impacts on economies and welfare, but how they are responding to global warming has yet to be fully understood. Here, an empirical framework is used to explain physically why observations support a tight connection between increasing ocean warmth and the increasing intensity of supertyphoons in the western North Pacific. It is shown that the energy needed for deep convection is on the rise with greater heat and moisture in the lower tropical troposphere but that this energy remains untapped when air pressure is high. Accordingly, tropical cyclone formation is becoming less common, but those that do form are likely to reach extreme intensities from the discharge of stored energy. These thermodynamic changes to the environment most significantly influence the upper portion of extreme typhoon intensities, indicating that supertyphoons are likely to be stronger at the expense of overall tropical cyclone occurrences in the western North Pacific.
Sustained corticosteroid- induced mania and psychosis despite cessation
Authors: Gable Mary , Depry Dwayne 
Published: December 2015

Objective Corticosteroids generally result in short-lasting neuropsychiatric symptoms following cessation, but the following case highlights an unusually long-lasting course of symptoms in a patient following near immediate cessation of medication, despite medication management and electroconvulsive therapy. The case presentation will be followed by a discussion of the presentation, treatment, and management of steroid-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Methods The patient was followed from symptom onset to resolution. Results The patient’s symptom course was unusually long and required a long course of multimodal therapy. Conclusions Corticosteroids are commonly used medications both in a wide variety of medical settings, and despite this, their neuropsychiatric effects are poorly understood. The affective and behavioral symptoms, in particular mania and psychosis, can be unpredictable and challenging to treat as in our patient, who developed a long-lasting psychotic episode on high-dose steroids despite discontinuation and treatment of nearly six months. This was despite having tolerated steroids multiple times in the past.
Strengthening South Asia Value Chain
Authors: Ahmed Vaqar , Suleri Abid Q. , Javed Asif 
Published: December 2015

This article discusses some key constraints in the way of developing South Asian value chains. Using a qualitative approach we have surveyed private sector representatives from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The article, among other challenges, particularly notes, ( a) lack of functional economic corridors in the region; ( b) conflict zones brewing mistrust between neighbours; ( c) slow progress on trade facilitation and free trade agreements in the region; ( d) and non-tariff barriers that prevent skills and technology transfer in the region, as some of the most important issues requiring policy response. In order to strengthen the region-wide value chains, the article recommends priority implementation of pending agreements related to transport, energy, connectivity and dispute resolution. Second, in order to bring down the cost of doing business, trade facilitation measures across the region may be expedited. Third, government-to-government contact needs to be enhanced and institution-specific connectivity is important to resolve issues such as compliance with product standards, visas for business community and technical staff, harmonization of licenses and permits (for example, at the state level in India), and opening up of bank branches.
Oscillometry complements spirometry in evaluation of subjects following toxic inhalation
Authors: Berger Kenneth I. , Turetz Meredith , Liu Mengling , Shao Yongzhao , Kazeros Angeliki , Parsia Sam , Caplan-Shaw Caralee , Friedman Stephen M. , Maslow Carey B. , Marmor Michael , Goldring Roberta M. , Reibman Joan 
Published: December 2015

The World Trade Center (WTC) destruction released dust and fumes into the environment. Although many community members developed respiratory symptoms, screening spirometry was usually normal. We hypothesised that forced oscillation testing would identify functional abnormalities undetected by spirometry and that symptom severity would relate to magnitude of abnormalities measured by oscillometry.A symptomatic cohort (n=848) from the Bellevue Hospital WTC Environmental Health Center was evaluated and compared to an asymptomatic cohort (n=475) from the New York City Department of Health WTC Health Registry. Spirometry and oscillometry were performed. Oscillometry measurements included resistance (R5) and frequency dependence of resistance (R5−20).Spirometry was normal for the majority of subjects (73.2% symptomaticversus87.6% asymptomatic, p<0.0001). In subjects with normal spirometry,R5andR5−20were higher in symptomaticversusasymptomatic subjects (median (interquartile range)R50.436 (0.206)versus0.314 (0.129) kPa·L−1·s−1, p<0.001;R5−200.075 (0.085)versus0.004 (0.042) kPa·L−1·s−1, p<0.0001). In symptomatic subjects,R5andR5−20increased with increasing severity and frequency of wheeze (p<0.05).Measurement ofR5–20correlated with the presence and severity of symptoms even when spirometry was within normal limits. These findings are in accord with small airway abnormalities as a potential explanation of the respiratory symptoms.
Draft genome of Gemmata massiliana sp. nov, a water-borne Planctomycetes species exhibiting two variants
Authors: Aghnatios Rita , Cayrou Caroline , Garibal Marc , Robert Catherine , Azza Said , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGemmata massiliana is a new Planctomycetes bacterium isolated from a hospital water network in France, using a new culture medium. It is an aerobic microorganism with optimal growth at pH 8, at 30 °C and salinity ≤ 1.25 % NaCl. G. massiliana is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, due to lack of peptidoglycan in its cell wall.G. massiliana shares a 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the nearest species, Gemmata obscuriglobus; and 99 % similarity with unnamed soil isolates. Its 9,249,437-bp genome consists in one chromosome and no detectable plasmid and has a 64.07 % G + C content, 32.94 % of genes encoding for hypothetical proteins. The genome contains an incomplete 19.6-kb phage sequence, 26 CRISPRs, 3 CAS and 15 clusters of secondary metabolites. G. massiliana genome increases knowledge of a poorly known world of bacteria.
Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Morphine Versus Weak Opioids in Moderate Cancer Pain
Authors: Bandieri Elena , Romero Marilena , Ripamonti Carla Ida , Artioli Fabrizio , Sichetti Daniela , Fanizza Caterina , Santini Daniele , Cavanna Luigi , Melotti Barbara , Conte Pier Franco , Roila Fausto , Cascinu Stefano , Bruera Eduardo , Tognoni Gianni , Luppi Mario ,   the Early Strong Opioid Treatment Study Investigators
Published: December 2015

Purpose The WHO guidelines on cancer pain management recommend a sequential three-step analgesic ladder. However, conclusive data are lacking as to whether moderate pain should be treated with either step II weak opioids or low-dose step III strong opioids. Patients and Methods In a multicenter, 28-day, open-label randomized controlled study, adults with moderate cancer pain were assigned to receive either a weak opioid or low-dose morphine. The primary outcome was the number of responder patients, defined as patients with a 20% reduction in pain intensity on the numerical rating scale. Results A total of 240 patients with cancer (118 in the low-dose morphine and 122 in the weak-opioid group) were included in the study. The primary outcome occurred in 88.2% of the low-dose morphine and in 57.7% of the weak-opioid group (odds risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.12 to 12.24; P < .001). The percentage of responder patients was higher in the low-dose morphine group, as early as at 1 week. Clinically meaningful (≥ 30%) and highly meaningful (≥ 50%) pain reduction from baseline was significantly higher in the low-dose morphine group (P < .001). A change in the assigned treatment occurred more frequently in the weak-opioid group, because of inadequate analgesia. The general condition of patients, which was based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System overall symptom score, was better in the morphine group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. Conclusion In patients with cancer and moderate pain, low-dose morphine reduced pain intensity significantly compared with weak opioids, with a similarly good tolerability and an earlier effect.
Pediatric-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy in Adults With Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: The GRAALL-LYSA LL03 Study
Authors: Lepretre Stéphane , Touzart Aurore , Vermeulin Thomas , Picquenot Jean-Michel , Tanguy-Schmidt Aline , Salles Gilles , Lamy Thierry , Béné Marie-Christine , Raffoux Emmanuel , Huguet Françoise , Chevallier Patrice , Bologna Serge , Bouabdallah Réda , Benichou Jacques , Brière Josette , Moreau Anne , Tallon-Simon Valérie , Seris Stéphanie , Graux Carlos , Asnafi Vahid , Ifrah Norbert , Macintyre Elizabeth , Dombret Hervé 
Published: December 2015

Purpose This study evaluated the efficacy of pediatric-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy in adults with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). Patients and Methods This was a prospective phase II study in adults 18 to 59 years old with previously untreated LL. Patients were treated with an adapted pediatric-like ALL protocol, which included a corticosteroid prephase, a five-drug induction reinforced by sequential cyclophosphamide administration, dose-dense consolidation, late intensification, CNS prophylaxis, and a 2-year maintenance phase. Treatment response was assessed by computed tomography and optional positron emission tomography. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant was offered to selected patients in first complete remission (CR) or unconfirmed CR. Results The study enrolled 148 patients (131 with T-lineage LL [T-LL] and 17 with B-lineage LL [B-LL]). A total of 119 patients with T-LL (90.8%) and 13 with B-LL (76.5%) reached CR/unconfirmed CR, including 26 with T-LL and two with B-LL who needed a second induction salvage course. Relapse occurred in 34 patients with T-LL and four with B-LL. In patients with T-LL, 3-year event-free survival was 63.3% (95% CI, 54.2% to 71.0%), disease-free survival was 72.4% (95% CI, 63.0% to 79.7%), and overall survival was 69.2% (95% CI, 60.0% to 76.7%). Multivariate analysis identified serum lactate dehydrogenase level and the NOTCH1/FBXW7/RAS/PTEN oncogene (a four-gene oncogenetic classifier) status but not positron emission tomography or hematopoietic stem cell transplant as independent prognostic factors for outcome in T-LL. Conclusion In adults with LL, an intensive pediatric-like ALL treatment protocol was associated with a good response rate and outcome. In patients with T-LL, the four-gene oncogenetic classifier and lactate dehydrogenase level were independent prognostic indicators.
Mind the Gap: Why Closing the Doughnut Hole Is Insufficient for Increasing Medicare Beneficiary Access to Oral Chemotherapy
Authors: Dusetzina Stacie B. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Orally administered anticancer medications are among the fastest growing components of cancer care. These medications are expensive, and cost-sharing requirements for patients can be a barrier to their use. For Medicare beneficiaries, the Affordable Care Act will close the Part D coverage gap (doughnut hole), which will reduce cost sharing from 100% in 2010 to 25% in 2020 for drug spending above $2,960 until the beneficiary reaches $4,700 in out-of-pocket spending. How much these changes will reduce out-of-pocket costs is unclear. Methods We used the Medicare July 2014 Prescription Drug Plan Formulary, Pharmacy Network, and Pricing Information Files from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for 1,114 stand-alone and 2,230 Medicare Advantage prescription drug formularies, which represent all formularies in 2014. We identified orally administered anticancer medications and summarized drug costs, cost-sharing designs used by available plans, and the estimated out-of-pocket costs for beneficiaries without low-income subsidies who take a single drug before and after the doughnut hole closes. Results Little variation existed in formulary design across plans and products. The average price per month for included products was $10,060 (range, $5,123 to $16,093). In 2010, median beneficiary annual out-of-pocket costs for a typical treatment duration ranged from $6,456 (interquartile range, $6,433 to $6,482) for dabrafenib to $12,160 (interquartile range, $12,102 to $12,262) for sunitinib. With the assumption that prices remain stable, after the doughnut hole closes, beneficiaries will spend approximately $2,550 less. Conclusion Out-of-pocket costs for Medicare beneficiaries taking orally administered anticancer medications are high and will remain so after the doughnut hole closes. Efforts are needed to improve affordability of high-cost cancer drugs for beneficiaries who need them.
Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Pregabalin Versus Placebo in Conjunction With Palliative Radiotherapy for Cancer-Induced Bone Pain
Authors: Fallon Marie , Hoskin Peter J. , Colvin Lesley A. , Fleetwood-Walker Susan M. , Adamson Douglas , Byrne Anthony , Murray Gordon D. , Laird Barry J.A. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) affects one third of patients with cancer. Radiotherapy remains the gold-standard treatment; however, laboratory and clinical work suggest that pregabalin may be useful in treating CIBP. The aim of this study was to examine pregabalin in patients with CIBP receiving radiotherapy. Patients and Methods A multicenter, double-blind randomized trial of pregabalin versus placebo was conducted. Eligible patients were age ≥ 18 years, had radiologically proven bone metastases, were scheduled to receive radiotherapy, and had pain scores ≥ 4 of 10 (on 0-to-10 numeric rating scale). Before radiotherapy, baseline assessments were completed, followed by random assignment. Doses of pregabalin and placebo were increased over 4 weeks. The primary end point was treatment response, defined as a reduction of ≥ 2 points in worst pain by week 4, accompanied by a stable or reduced opioid dose, compared with baseline. Secondary end points assessed average pain, interference of pain with activity, breakthrough pain, mood, quality of life, and adverse events. Results A total of 233 patients were randomly assigned: 117 to placebo and 116 to pregabalin. The most common cancers were prostate (n = 88; 38%), breast (n = 77; 33%), and lung (n = 42; 18%). In the pregabalin arm, 45 patients (38.8%) achieved the primary end point, compared with 47 (40.2%) in the placebo arm (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.81; P = .816). There were no statistically significant differences in average pain, pain interference, or quality of life between arms. There were differences in mood (P = .031) and breakthrough pain duration (P = .037) between arms. Outcomes were compared at 4 weeks. Conclusion Our findings do not support the role of pregabalin in patients with CIBP receiving radiotherapy. The role of pregabalin in CIBP with a clinical neuropathic pain component is unknown.
American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline
Authors: Runowicz Carolyn D. , Leach Corinne R. , Henry N. Lynn , Henry Karen S. , Mackey Heather T. , Cowens-Alvarado Rebecca L. , Cannady Rachel S. , Pratt-Chapman Mandi L. , Edge Stephen B. , Jacobs Linda A. , Hurria Arti , Marks Lawrence B. , LaMonte Samuel J. , Warner Ellen , Lyman Gary H. , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: December 2015

The purpose of the American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline is to provide recommendations to assist primary care and other clinicians in the care of female adult survivors of breast cancer. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015. A multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, gynecology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and nursing was formed and tasked with drafting the Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline. A total of 1,073 articles met inclusion criteria; and, after full text review, 237 were included as the evidence base. Patients should undergo regular surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, including evaluation with a cancer-related history and physical examination, and should be screened for new primary breast cancer. Data do not support performing routine laboratory tests or imaging tests in asymptomatic patients to evaluate for breast cancer recurrence. Primary care clinicians should counsel patients about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, monitor for post-treatment symptoms that can adversely affect quality of life, and monitor for adherence to endocrine therapy. Recommendations provided in this guideline are based on current evidence in the literature and expert consensus opinion. Most of the evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong evidence-based recommendation. Recommendations on surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of physical and psychosocial long-term and late effects of breast cancer and its treatment, health promotion, and care coordination/practice implications are made.This guideline was developed through a collaboration between the American Cancer Society and the American Society of Clinical Oncology and has been published jointly by invitation and consent in both CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians and Journal of Clinical Oncology. Copyright © 2015 American Cancer Society and American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission by the American Cancer Society or the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Crambled: A Shiny application to enable intuitive resolution of conflicting cellularity estimates
Authors: Lynch Andy G. 
Published: December 2015

It is now commonplace to investigate tumour samples using whole-genome sequencing, and some commonly performed tasks are the estimation of cellularity (or sample purity), the genome-wide profiling of copy numbers, and the assessment of sub-clonal behaviours. Several tools are available to undertake these tasks, but often give conflicting results – not least because there is often genuine uncertainty due to a lack of model identifiability. Presented here is a tool, "Crambled", that allows for an intuitive visual comparison of the conflicting solutions. Crambled is implemented as a Shiny application within R, and is accompanied by example images from two use cases (one tumour sample with matched normal sequencing, and one standalone cell line example) as well as functions to generate the necessary images from any sequencing data set. Through the use of Crambled, a user may gain insight into why each tool has offered its given solution and combined with a knowledge of the disease being studied can choose between the competing solutions in an informed manner.
All hell breaks loose: Supernatural, gothic neoliberalism and the American self
Authors: Blake Linnie 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Chronicling the power-struggles of angels and demons drawn broadly from the Judaeo-Christian tradition and deploying a cast of vampires, ghosts, demons, shapeshifters, tricksters, mad scientists, zombies and monsters from urban legends, the TV gothic serial Supernatural is both a quintessentially American narrative and a sustained critique of the internal contradictions of neo-liberalism. Revelling in the mass cultural products of the United States, it incorporates the generic characteristics of the western, the road movie and the mystery-thriller whilst evoking the formats of the serial novel, the game show, the police procedural, reality television and gothic film and television. Thus addressing the epistemological incertitude engendered by the ‘grave economic distress’ (4:17) of the present, Supernatural charts the disjunction between public fantasies of free market freedoms and the trauma wrought to social and psychological integrity by industrial decline and community breakdown. What emerges is a terrifying picture of a country that has been plunged into existential chaos by neo-liberal economics. In the world of Supernatural, as in our own, exceptionalist models of national identity have been dismantled, compromised or exposed as ideologically expedient fantasies, whilst their neo-liberal substitutes have made both the self and the socius unstable, fragmented and mutable. Freedom, the protagonist Dean Winchester argues, is simply the rope God gives people to hang themselves (6.20), in the certainty that hang themselves they will. Meantime the brothers inhabit a world in which, it is frequently reiterated, both justice and liberty are nothing more than abstract concepts, the rule of law has become irrelevant and the power of the powerful knows no bounds whatsoever. Across ten seasons, therefore, the Winchester brothers cross and re-cross not only the American landmass but a series of temporal, ethical, epistemological and ontological frontiers. In so doing, they undertake a highly gothic interrogation of what it means, in the age of neoliberal corporatism, to be both ‘an American’ and a man.