bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are drowned donors marginal donors? A single pediatric center experience
Authors: Kumm Kayla R. , Galván N. Thao N. , Koohmaraie Sarah , Rana Abbas , Kueht Michael , Baugh Katherine , Hao Liu , Yoeli Dor , Cotton Ronald , O'Mahony Christine A. , Goss John A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDrowning, a common cause of death in the pediatric population, is a potentially large donor pool for OLT. Anecdotally, transplant centers have deemed these organs high risk over concerns for infection and graft dysfunction. We theorized drowned donor liver allografts do not portend worse outcomes and therefore should not be excluded from the donation pool. We reviewed our single‐center experience of pediatric OLTs between 1988 and 2015 and identified 33 drowned donor recipients. These OLTs were matched 1:2 to head trauma donor OLTs from our center. A chart review assessed postoperative peak AST and ALT, incidence of HAT, graft and recipient survival. Recipient survival at one year between patients with drowned donor vs head trauma donor allografts was not statistically significant (94% vs 97%, P=.63). HAT incidence was 6.1% in the drowned donor group vs 7.6% in the control group (P=.78). Mean postoperative peak AST and ALT was 683 U/L and 450 U/L for drowned donors vs 1119 U/L and 828 U/L in the matched cohort. These results suggest drowned donor liver allografts do not portend worse outcomes in comparison with those procured from head trauma donors.
Low serum albumin levels prior to pediatric allogeneic HCT are associated with increased need for critical care interventions and increased 6‐month mortality
Authors: Teagarden Alicia M. , Skiles Jodi L. , Beardsley Andrew L. , Hobson Michael J. , Moser Elizabeth A. S. , Renbarger Jamie L. , Rowan Courtney M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPoor nutritional status in HCT patients is a negative prognostic factor. There are no pediatric studies evaluating albumin levels prior to HCT and need for critical care interventions. We hypothesized that pediatric patients with low albumin levels, routinely measured 30 days (±10 days) prior to allogeneic HCT, have a higher risk of critical care interventions in the post‐transplant period. We performed a 5‐year retrospective study of pediatric patients who underwent allogeneic HCT for any indication. Patients were categorized based on albumin level. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as <3.1 g/dL. A total of 73 patients were included, with a median age of 7.4 years (IQR 3.3, 13.2). Patients with hypoalbuminemia had higher needs for critical care interventions including non‐invasive ventilation (44% vs 8%, P=.01), mechanical ventilation (67% vs 17%, P<.01), and vasoactive therapy (56% vs 16%, P=.01). Patients with hypoalbuminemia also had a higher 6‐month mortality (56% vs 17%, P=.02). Our data demonstrate that children undergoing allogeneic HCT with hypoalbuminemia in the pretransplant period are more likely to require critical care interventions and have higher 6‐month mortality. These findings identify an at‐risk population in which nutritional improvements may be instituted prior to HCT in hopes of improving outcomes.
Blood use in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the impact of a health system–wide patient blood management program
Authors: Leahy Michael F. , Trentino Kevin M. , May Colleen , Swain Stuart G. , Chuah Hun , Farmer Shannon L. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDLittle is published on patient blood management (PBM) programs in hematology. In 2008 Western Australia announced a health system–wide PBM program with PBM staff appointments commencing in November 2009. Our aim was to assess the impact this program had on blood utilization and patient outcomes in intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective study of 695 admissions at two tertiary hospitals receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between July 2010 and December 2014 was conducted. Main outcomes included pre–red blood cell (RBC) transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) levels, single‐unit RBC transfusions, number of RBC and platelet (PLT) units transfused per admission, subsequent day case transfusions, length of stay, serious bleeding, and in‐hospital mortality.RESULTSOver the study period, the mean RBC units transfused per admission decreased 39% from 6.1 to 3.7 (p < 0.001), and the mean PLT units transfused decreased 35% from 6.3 to 4.1 (p < 0.001), with mean RBC and PLT units transfused for follow‐up day cases decreasing from 0.6 to 0.4 units (p < 0.001). Mean pre‐RBC transfusion Hb level decreased from 8.0 to 6.8 g/dL (p < 0.001), and single‐unit RBC transfusions increased 39% to 67% (p < 0.001). This reduction represents blood product cost savings of AU$694,886 (US$654,007). There were no significant changes in unadjusted or adjusted length of stay, serious bleeding events, or in‐hospital mortality over the study.CONCLUSIONThe health system–wide PBM program had a significant impact, reducing blood product use and costs without increased morbidity or mortality in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Privatisation and the unusual case of Belarusian accession to the WTO
Authors: Balistreri Edward J. , Olekseyuk Zoryana , Tarr David G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe accession negotiations of Belarus to the WTO are unusual since, due to its obligations in the Eurasian Economic Union, WTO accession is not expected to impact its tariffs or formerly substantial trade‐distorting agricultural subsidies. Nonetheless, we estimate that WTO accession will increase welfare by 9.9% of consumption in Belarus. We show that inclusion of: (i) foreign direct investment; (ii) reduction in non‐discriminatory barriers against services providers; and (iii) our model with imperfect competition and endogenous productivity effects together produce estimated gains eleven times larger than a model of perfect competition with only cross‐border trade in services. Our analysis is enabled by our production of a data set on both discriminatory and non‐discriminatory barriers in services and their ad valorem equivalents. Based on a new data set on labour productivity by sector and type of ownership, in our central model, we estimate that privatisation will increase welfare by 35.8% of consumption. We find substantial variance in the estimated gains from privatisation depending on model assumptions, but all the estimates of the impacts of privatisation indicate substantial welfare gains.
Cleaning and Disinfection of Biofilms Composed of Listeria monocytogenes and Background Microbiota from Meat Processing Surfaces
Authors: Fagerlund Annette , Møretrø Trond , Heir Even , Briandet Romain , Langsrud Solveig 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Surfaces of food processing premises are exposed to regular cleaning and disinfection (C&D) regimes, using biocides that are highly effective against bacteria growing as planktonic cells. However, bacteria growing in surface-associated communities (biofilms) are typically more tolerant toward C&D than their individual free-cell counterparts, and survival of pathogens such as
Listeria monocytogenes
may be affected by interspecies interactions within biofilms. In this study,
Pseudomonas
and
Acinetobacter
were the most frequently isolated genera surviving on conveyor belts subjected to C&D in meat processing plants. In the laboratory,
Pseudomonas
,
Acinetobacter
, and
L. monocytogenes
dominated the community, both in suspensions and in biofilms formed on conveyor belts, when cultures were inoculated with eleven-genus cocktails of representative bacterial strains from the identified background flora. When biofilms were exposed to daily C&D cycles mimicking treatments used in food industry, the levels of
Acinetobacter
and
Pseudomonas mandelii
diminished, and biofilms were instead dominated by
Pseudomonas putida
(65 to 76%),
Pseudomonas fluorescens
(11 to 15%) and
L. monocytogenes
(3 to 11%). The dominance of certain species after daily C&D correlated with high planktonic growth rates at 12°C and tolerance to C&D. In single-species biofilms,
L. monocytogenes
developed higher tolerance to C&D over time, for both the peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium disinfectants, indicating that a broad-spectrum mechanism was involved. Survival after C&D appeared to be a common property of
L. monocytogenes
strains, as persistent and sporadic subtypes showed equal survival rates in complex biofilms. Biofilms established preferentially in surface irregularities of conveyor belts, potentially constituting harborage sites for persistent contamination.

IMPORTANCE
In the food industry, efficient production hygiene is a key measure to avoid the accumulation of spoilage bacteria and eliminate pathogens. However, the persistence of bacteria is an enduring problem in food processing environments. This study demonstrated that environmental bacteria can survive foam cleaning and disinfection (C&D) at concentrations used in the industrial environment. The phenomenon was replicated in laboratory experiments. Important characteristics of persisting bacteria were a high growth rate at low temperature, a tolerance to the cleaning agent, and the ability to form biofilms. This study also supports other recent research suggesting that strain-to-strain variation cannot explain why certain subtypes of
Listeria monocytogenes
persist in food processing environments while others are found only sporadically. The present investigation highlights the failure of regular C&D and a need for research on improved agents that efficiently detach the biofilm matrix.
3-lead electrocardiogram is more reliable than pulse oximetry to detect bradycardia during stabilisation at birth of very preterm infants
Authors: Iglesias Beatriz , Rodrí­guez Marí­a José , Aleo Esther , Criado Enrique , Martí­nez-Orgado Jose , Arruza Luis 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesCurrent neonatal resuscitation guidelines suggest the use of ECG in the delivery room (DR) to assess heart rate (HR). However, reliability of ECG compared with pulse oximetry (PO) in a situation of bradycardia has not been specifically investigated. The objective of the present study was to compare HR monitoring using ECG or PO in a situation of bradycardia (HR <100 beats per minute (bpm)) during preterm stabilisation in the DR.Study designVideo recordings of resuscitations of infants <32 weeks of gestation were reviewed. HR readings in a situation of bradycardia (<100 bpm) at any moment during stabilisation were registered with both devices every 5 s from birth.ResultsA total of 29 episodes of bradycardia registered by the ECG in 39 video recordings were included in the analysis (n=29). PO did not detect the start of these events in 20 cases (69%). PO detected the start and the end of bradycardia later than the ECG (median (IQR): 5 s (0–10) and 5 s (0–7.5), respectively). A decline in PO accuracy was observed as bradycardia progressed so that by the end of the episode PO offered significantly lower HR readings than ECG.ConclusionsPO detects the start and recovery of bradycardia events slower and less accurately than ECG during stabilisation at birth of very preterm infants. ECG use in this scenario may contribute to an earlier initiation of resuscitation manoeuvres and to avoid unnecessary prolongation of resuscitation efforts after recovery.
Estimating Global Burden of Disease due to congenital anomaly: an analysis of European data
Authors: Boyle Breidge , Addor Marie-Claude , Arriola Larraitz , Barisic Ingeborg , Bianchi Fabrizio , Csáky-Szunyogh Melinda , de Walle Hermien E K , Dias Carlos Matias , Draper Elizabeth , Gatt Miriam , Garne Ester , Haeusler Martin , Källén Karin , Latos-Bielenska Anna , McDonnell Bob , Mullaney Carmel , Nelen Vera , Neville Amanda J , O’Mahony Mary , Queisser-Wahrendorf Annette , Randrianaivo Hanitra , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , Ritvanen Annukka , Rounding Catherine , Tucker David , Verellen-Dumoulin Christine , Wellesley Diana , Wreyford Ben , Zymak-Zakutnia Natalia , Dolk Helen 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo validate the estimates of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) due to congenital anomaly for Europe by comparing infant mortality data collected by EUROCAT registries with the WHO Mortality Database, and by assessing the significance of stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) in the interpretation of infant mortality statistics.Design, setting and outcome measuresEUROCAT is a network of congenital anomaly registries collecting data on live births, fetal deaths from 20 weeks’ gestation and TOPFA. Data from 29 registries in 19 countries were analysed for 2005–2009, and infant mortality (deaths of live births at age <1 year) compared with the WHO Mortality Database. Eight EUROCAT countries were excluded from further analysis on the basis that this comparison showed poor ascertainment of survival status.ResultsAccording to WHO, 17%–42% of infant mortality was attributed to congenital anomaly. In 11 EUROCAT countries, average infant mortality with congenital anomaly was 1.1 per 1000 births, with higher rates where TOPFA is illegal (Malta 3.0, Ireland 2.1). The rate of stillbirths with congenital anomaly was 0.6 per 1000. The average TOPFA prevalence was 4.6 per 1000, nearly three times more prevalent than stillbirths and infant deaths combined. TOPFA also impacted on the prevalence of postneonatal survivors with non-lethal congenital anomaly.ConclusionsBy excluding TOPFA and stillbirths from GBD years of life lost (YLL) estimates, GBD underestimates the burden of disease due to congenital anomaly, and thus declining YLL over time may obscure lack of progress in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
When cancer patients suddenly have a positive pregnancy test
Authors: Groza Daniela , Duerr Donat , Schmid Mathias , Boesch Beatrix 
Published: July 2017

We present the case of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a 48-year-old woman with an active history of smoking. The patient initially presented to her general practitioner with a progressive swelling on the neck. Further investigations diagnosed a metastatic lung tumour, and palliative chemotherapy was started. After 5 months of treatment, by newly reported amenorrhoea, cautiously before a restaging CT scan of the abdomen, a pregnancy test was performed and was positive. Both the gynaecological examination and the hormonal panel yielded no signs of pregnancy. Immunohistochemically, staining of the tumour was strongly positive for β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) suggesting that the tumour was responsible for high β-hCG levels.Paraneoplastic β-hCG secretion from adenocarcinomas is rare. In the literature, only a few such cases have been reported. Previous studies suggested that the ability to secrete β-hCG in tumours may correlate to some extent to chemoresistance and thus, to a worse prognosis.
Associations between tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure and smoking prevalence and quitting in England: a time series analysis
Authors: Kuipers Mirte A G , Beard Emma , West Robert , Brown Jamie 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundIt has been established that mass media campaigns can increase smoking cessation rates, but there is little direct evidence estimating associations between government expenditure on tobacco control mass media campaigns and smoking cessation. This study assessed the association over 8 years between mass media expenditure in England and quit attempts, smoking cessation and smoking prevalence.MethodsAutoregressive integrated moving average modelling with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) was applied to monthly estimates from the Smoking Toolkit Study between June 2008 and February 2016. We assessed the association between the trends in mass media expenditure and (1) quit attempts in the last two months, (2) quit success among those who attempted to quit and (3) smoking prevalence. Analyses were adjusted for trends in weekly spending on tobacco by smokers, tobacco control policies and the use of established aids to cessation.ResultsMonthly spending on mass media campaigns ranged from nothing to £2.4 million, with a mean of £465 054. An increase in mass media expenditure of 10% of the monthly average was associated with a 0.51% increase (of the average) in success rates of quit attempts (95% CI 0.10% to 0.91%, p=0.014). No clear association was detected between changes in mass media expenditure and changes in quit attempt prevalence (β=–0.03, 95% CI –2.05% to 2.00%, p=0.979) or smoking prevalence (β=–0.03, 95% CI –0.09% to 0.03%, p=0.299).ConclusionBetween 2008 and 2016, higher monthly expenditure on tobacco control mass media campaigns in England was associated with higher quit success rates.
Thinking and Modeling for Big Data from the Perspective of the I Ching
Authors: Lin Chuang , Li Guoliang , Shan Zhiguang , Shi Yong 
Published: July 2017

Data is growing faster than ever before and is changing our daily life. However it is rather challenging to manage the big data [F. H. Cate, The big debate, Science 346 (2014) 810, J. Manyika, M. Chui, B. Brown, J. Bughin, R. Dobbs, C. Roxburgh and A. H. Byers, Big Data: The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition, and Productivity (Mckinsey global Institute, 2011), S. Lohr, The Age of Big Data (New York Times, 2012), p. 11, L. Einav and J. Levin, Economics in the age of big data, Science 345 (2014) 715, M. J. Khoury and J. P. A. Ioannidis, Big data meets public health, Science 346 (2014) 1054–1055, V. Marx, Biology: The big challenges of big data, Nature 498(7453) (2013) 255–260.]. In this paper, we propose the big data thinking and modeling techniques from the perspective of the I Ching, which is a very famous imaginal thinking theory in China with 3,000 years history. The I Ching has been proven to be very useful and practical in many domains, e.g., 36 stratagems. Firstly, inspired from the three components of the I Ching, image, number and principle, we propose a new three-cycle big data thinking way, from data to phenomenon, from phenomenon to correlation, and from correlation to knowledge, which is a generalization of the fourth paradigm (from causality to correlation) proposed by Jim Gray. Secondly, inspired from the three entities of the I Ching, heaven, earth and human, we propose a new big data modeling method. We use the tree entities to represent the big data. We map the 4[Formula: see text]V of big data (volume, variety, velocity, veracity) to four opposition and uniform relations in the I Ching, and generate the eight diagrams. By capturing the relationships between eight diagrams, we generate the 64 hexagrams, and use 64 hexagrams to model big data. We also provide the principle rules to understand the knowledge generated by the model. Thirdly, we discuss how to utilize our model to describe big-data management tools, including, MapReduce, Spark, Storm. We also provide a new model for handling distributed data streams. We do think that we provide a new practical way of thinking and modeling for big data. We also believe that this will open up many new research directions on big data.
ATC simulation for flight training: The missing link
Authors: Papadopoli Nick 
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the state of piloted flight simulation fidelity with a focus on the missing link needed to complete the flight simulation experience, namely the simulated ATC environment (SATCE). To date, there has been a great deal of effort invested in providing the highest level of flight realism possible. However, little investment has gone into systems which are used to improve communication skills with ATC while in a populated active airspace. It is important to note that the relatively few SATCEs is not due to the lack of technology, since such products have been available for about a decade. The primary reason for its absence is the inability and unwillingness for operators to justify the investment in such a training tool. In the meantime, the aviation industry has recognized that pilots need to have better communication skills while operating in various conditions. Consequently ICAO, with help from ARINC Industry Activities/FSEMC, has already taken steps to recommend the inclusion of SATCE characteristics in flight simulation devices. The aviation and research communities need to assist efforts by producing the necessary studies and metrics which can be used to evaluate and validate SATCEs used in the flight training.
LSD1 Inhibitor T-3775440 Inhibits SCLC Cell Proliferation by Disrupting LSD1 Interactions with SNAG Domain Proteins INSM1 and GFI1B
Authors: Takagi Shinji , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Mizutani Akio , Iwasaki Shinji , Matsumoto Satoru , Kamada Yusuke , Nomura Toshiyuki , Nakamura Kazuhide 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
T-3775440 is an irreversible inhibitor of the chromatin demethylase LSD1, which exerts antiproliferative effects by disrupting the interaction between LSD1 and GFI1B, a SNAG domain transcription factor, inducing leukemia cell transdifferentiation. Here, we describe the anticancer effects and mechanism of action of T-3775440 in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). T-3775440 inhibited proliferation of SCLC cells in vitro and retarded SCLC tumor growth in vivo. T-3775440 disrupted the interaction between LSD1 and the transcriptional repressor INSM1, thereby inhibiting expression of neuroendocrine-associated genes, such as ASCL1. INSM1 silencing phenocopied the effects of T-3775440 on gene expression and cell proliferation, consistent with the likelihood T-3775440 mediated its effects in SCLC by inhibiting INSM1. T-3775440 also inhibited proliferation of an SCLC cell line that overexpressed GFI1B, rather than INSM1, by disrupting the interaction between LSD1 and GFI1B. Taken together, our results argue that LSD1 plays an important role in neuroendocrine-associated transcription and cell proliferation of SCLC via interactions with the SNAG domain proteins INSM1 and GFI1B. Targeting these critical interactions with LSD1 inhibitors offers a novel rational strategy to therapeutically manage SCLC. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4652–62. ©2017 AACR.
Retinoblastoma and Neuroblastoma Predisposition and Surveillance
Authors: Kamihara Junne , Bourdeaut Franck , Foulkes William D. , Molenaar Jan J. , Mossé Yaël P. , Nakagawara Akira , Parareda Andreu , Scollon Sarah R. , Schneider Kami Wolfe , Skalet Alison H. , States Lisa J. , Walsh Michael F. , Diller Lisa R. , Brodeur Garrett M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. Approximately 40% of retinoblastomas are hereditary and due to germline mutations in the RB1 gene. Children with hereditary RB are also at risk for developing a midline intracranial tumor, most commonly pineoblastoma. We recommend intensive ocular screening for patients with germline RB1 mutations for retinoblastoma as well as neuroimaging for pineoblastoma surveillance. There is an approximately 20% risk of developing second primary cancers among individuals with hereditary RB, higher among those who received radiotherapy for their primary RB tumors. However, there is not yet a clear consensus on what, if any, screening protocol would be most appropriate and effective. Neuroblastoma (NB), an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Prior studies suggest that about 2% of patients with NB have an underlying genetic predisposition that may have contributed to the development of NB. Germline mutations in ALK and PHOX2B account for most familial NB cases. However, other cancer predisposition syndromes, such as Li–Fraumeni syndrome, RASopathies, and others, may be associated with an increased risk for NB. No established protocols for NB surveillance currently exist. Here, we describe consensus recommendations on hereditary RB and NB from the AACR Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); e98–e106. ©2017 AACR.
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