bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesion and lesion network localization of dysnomia after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Mhanna Asmaa , Bruss Joel , Griffis Joseph C , Sullivan Alyssa W , Kawasaki Hiroto , Binder Jeffrey R , Pillay Sara B , Howard Matthew A , Tranel Daniel , Boes Aaron D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, neurosurgery poses a risk for cognitive deficits—up to one-third of patients have a decline in naming ability following temporal lobe surgery. In this study, we aimed to better understand the neural correlates associated with reduced naming performance after temporal lobe surgery, with the goal of informing surgical planning strategies to mitigate the risk of dysnomia.
We retrospectively identified 85 patients who underwent temporal lobe resective surgery (49 left temporal lobe, 36 right temporal lobe) for whom naming ability was assessed before and &gt;3 months post-surgery using the Boston Naming Test. We used multivariate lesion-symptom mapping to identify resection sites associated with naming decline, and we used lesion network mapping to evaluate the broader functional and structural connectivity profiles of resection sites associated with naming decline. We validated our findings in an independent cohort of 59 individuals with left temporal lobectomy, along with repeating all analyses after combining the cohorts.
Lesion laterality and location were important predictors of post-surgical naming performance. Naming performance significantly improved after right temporal lobectomy (P = 0.015) while a decrement in performance was observed following left temporal lobectomy (P = 0.002). Declines in naming performance were associated with surgical resection of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 21, r = 0.41, P &lt; 0.001), along with a previously implicated basal temporal language area. Resection sites linked to naming decline showed a functional connectivity profile featuring a left-lateralized network closely resembling the extended semantic\default mode network, and a structural connectivity profile featuring major temporo-frontal association white matter tracts coursing through the temporal stem.
This extends prior work by implicating the left anterior middle temporal gyrus in naming decline and provides additional support for the role of the previously identified basal temporal language area in naming decline. Importantly, the structural and functional connectivity profiles of these regions suggest they are key nodes of a broader extended semantic network. Together these regional and network findings may help in surgical planning and discussions of prognosis.
A novel method for measuring the direction and angle of central ray and predicting rotation centre via panorama phantom
Authors: Joh Byung-Ju , Lee Sam-Sun , Yeom Han-Gyeol , Jo Gyu-Dong , Kim Jo-Eun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Yi Won-Jin , Heo Min-Suk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose and evaluate a novel method for measuring the central ray direction and detecting the rotation centre of panoramic radiography using the panorama phantom. To determine the central ray direction, 2 points passing through the same x-coordinate in a panoramic radiograph were identified and connected. The angles formed by the central ray with the midline and the angle to the arch form were measured using mathematical calculations. Further, by analysing the continuous changes in the central ray obtained in this manner, the movement of the rotation centre was detected and visualized. The angle between the central ray and the midline exhibited a progressive decrease from the anterior to the posterior direction. With regards to the arch form, the angle of the central ray exhibited an increasing pattern as it moved from the anterior to the posterior direction, culminating in its peak value at the lower second premolar cusp region, followed by a consistent decrease. The rotation centre approximately started from the distolateral aspect of the coronoid process and then anteromedially moved to the midline in a curved line passing between the mandibular notch and coronoid process. By using the panorama phantom, we successfully obtained the central ray direction and detected the rotation centre of the panoramic radiography.
Antennal sensilla of Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae): morphology, sexual dimorphism, allometric relationships, and function
Authors: Sanchez-Cruz Abraham , Tapia-Maruri Daniel , Villa-Ayala Patricia , Robledo Norma , Romero-López Angel A , Rojas Julio C , Jiménez-Pérez Alfredo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scarab beetles use pheromones and volatiles to search for their partners and host plants. The perception of these compounds occurs in the beetle antennae, particularly in the sensilla. Relatively few studies have morphologically and physiologically characterized the sensilla of scarab beetles. Cyclocephala barrerai Martínez is a beetle distributed in Mexico. Male beetles have larger antennal lamellae than females, and in both cases, the size of this structure is related to their weight. Previous studies have reported that both sexes are attracted to bacterial volatiles isolated from the female genital chambers. Female cuticular hydrocarbons may act as a sexual contact pheromone. However, antennal sensilla and their electrophysiological responses to behaviorally relevant compounds remain to be investigated. Here, we describe and report the types, allometric relationships, and functions of sensilla found in the lamellae of both C. barrerai sexes. Sensilla were identified, classified, measured, and counted to identify intra and intersexual relationships. The single sensillum recordings showed that plant volatiles, hydrocarbons, and heat stimulated receptor neurons. We identified 2 new types of sensilla basiconica in the scape. Males have more and larger antennal sensilla placodea IV, which specializes in detecting pheromones, plant volatiles, and heat. Females have a greater diversity of sensilla.
The association between tobacco use and COVID-19 diagnoses in three Nordic countries: a pooled analysis
Authors: Shaaban Ahmed Nabil , Andersson Filip , Thiesmeier Robert , Orsini Nicola , Peña Sebastian , Caspersen Ida Henriette , Magnusson Cecilia , Karvonen Sakari , Magnus Per Minor , Hergens Maria Pia , Qazi Basra , Galanti Maria Rosaria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous research has suggested an unexpected negative association between smoking and susceptibility to COVID-19. This study, drawing on population-based data from three Nordic countries—Sweden, Norway, and Finland—aims to investigate this association further, capitalizing on diversity introduced by different containment measures. The objective of this research was to examine the association between cigarette smoking and snus (smokeless tobacco) use and the risk of confirmed COVID-19 infection. A pooled analysis integrating original data from 547,685 participants across three countries. We used a multiple imputation approach based on conditional probabilities to impute the systematically missing covariates. The associations between tobacco use and COVID-19 infection were assessed, controlling for potential confounding factors. Current cigarette smokers had a lower risk of a confirmed COVID-19 case, whereas there was an increased risk among snus users. Our sensitivity analysis confirmed that the associations between tobacco use and COVID-19 infection risk are robust, remaining consistent regardless of whether covariate imputation was applied. Findings support a negative association between smoking and SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not the hypothesis that nicotine may be protective against the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Species diversity and network diversity in the human lung cancer tissue microbiomes
Authors: Qiao Yuting , Mei Jiandong , Ma Zhanshan (Sam) 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between microbial diversity and disease status in human lung cancer tissue microbiomes, using a sample size of 1212. Analysis divided the data into primary tumour (PT) and normal tissue (NT) categories. Differences in microbial diversity between PT and NT were significant in 57% of comparisons, although dataset dependence was a factor in the diversity levels. Shared species analysis (SSA) indicated no significant differences between PT and NT in over 90% of comparisons. Network diversity assessments revealed significant differences between NT and PT regarding species relative abundances and network link abundances for q = 0–3. Additionally, significant variations were found between NT and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) at q = 0. in network link probabilities, illustrating the diversity in species interactions. Our findings suggest a stable overall microbiome diversity and composition in lung cancer patients’ lung tissues despite patients with diagnosed lung tumours, indicating modified microbial interactions within the tumour. These results highlight an association between altered microbiome interaction patterns and lung tumours, offering new insights into the ecological dynamics of lung cancer microbiomes.
Geophysical models integration using principal component analysis: application to unconventional geothermal exploration
Authors: Ars Jean-Michel , Tarits Pascal , Hautot Sophie , Bellanger Mathieu 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Geophysical data integration covers a wide range of approaches, from visual interpretation of model presented side by side to sophistical statistical analyses such as automatic clustering. We present here a geophysical model integration based on principal component analysis (PCA), which allows to gain insight in a multivariable system. PCA for geophysical models integration define a new set of principal component (PC) models, distributed along new orthogonal axes by solving a eigenvalue problem. We show that PC component models patterns reflect different processes sensed by the geophysical observations. We applied this integration method to models obtained from constrained and joint inversion of gravity, ambient noise and MT data in the framework of unconventional geothermal exploration in Massif Central, France. PCA of the log-resistivity, the density contrast and the Vs velocity model has three independent components. The first one (PC1) representing 69 per cent of the total variance of the system is highly influenced by the parameter coupling enforced in the joint inversion process. PC1 allows to point to geophysical structures that may be related to the geothermal anomaly. The second component (PC2) represents 22 per cent of the total variance and is strongly correlated to the resistivity distribution. PC2 correlation to shallow fault structures suggests that it may be a marker of fracturing. The third component, PC3, accounts for 9 per cent of the total variance and is correlated with velocity structures and anticorrelated with density structures, respectively. The contribution of geophysical properties, mainly sensitive to the elastic properties of rock units, and the good agreement with shallow geological features make PC3 useful for the 3-D description of geological units. This statistical approach helps the interpretation of geophysical models into a limited number of geological processes, one possibly geothermal. Lithology may be derived from PC3, fracturing from PC2 and hydrothermal anomaly from PC1. Nevertheless PCA as a geophysical integration methodology is site-dependent and interpretation relies on a priori knowledge of the local geological mechanisms.
Body-wave speeds and polarizations in the presence of an initial deviatoric stress
Authors: Geng Yichen , Ishii Miaki 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Body-wave speeds and polarization directions in a homogeneous and isotropic medium can be influenced by the presence of an initial deviatoric stress, which is conventionally ignored in seismic-wave propagation theories. To the first order, the P-wave speed is sensitive to the initial deviatoric stress, and the P-wave polarization has a perturbation perpendicular to the propagation direction. In addition, the S waves travel at two distinct speeds, and the S-wave polarizations are in two orthogonal directions, which are constrained by the initial deviatoric stress and involve a perturbation parallel to the propagation direction. Using a subduction zone setting with an initial deviatoric stress on the order of tens of MPa, the P-wave speed perturbation, S-wave splitting time and polarization perturbation are estimated to be on the order of 0.01 per cent, 0.01 s and 0.01 per cent, respectively. While these effects are too small to be reliably resolved using seismic observations, the theory presented in this paper could be useful for ultrasonic stress measurements in engineering applications.
Exploring cohort-based density-dependent effects on maturity in Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus)
Authors: Vatnehol Sindre , Hølleland Sondre , Salthaug Are , Høines Åge , Slotte Aril , Stenevik Erling Kåre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The influence of density-dependent effects on fish maturity is rarely considered when evaluating different harvest strategies, nor when formulating short-term catch advice. In cases where these effects are included, the spawning stock size is commonly used as the density variable. However, this approach is inadequate for a stock where juvenile and mature individuals have limited interaction. In such instances, using the abundance of the recruits of a cohort as a density variable is a more appropriate alternative. In this study, we have used the Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) as a test stock to investigate this concept and develop a model for predicting future trends in maturity-at-age. This stock is an optimal candidate since previous publications have highlighted a spatial separation between juveniles and adults, and changes in maturity in response to historical stock dynamics have been observed and documented. Our approach provides increased accuracy for predicting maturity-at-age when compared to an assumption of density independence. Furthermore, a further expansion of this approach, i.e. applying a relationship with somatic growth, can contribute to more realistic simulations for predicting future stock dynamics, and more appropriate catch advice.
Experimental and numerical study of the emission of Nox by the addition of isooctane to unleaded commercial gasoline for a spark–ignition engine
Authors: Boubahri Chokri , Meherzi Radhouane , Lendoye Darcy Odounga , Bessrour Jamel , Elleuch Amal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of this article is to evaluate, through an experimental and numerical study, the effect of the addition of isooctane on the performance and Nox emissions of a spark–ignition engine four different mixtures in addition to gasoline were tested in a spark–ignition engine using the DIN70020 standard at full load. The tests were conducted by adding 10, 20, 30, and 40% isooctane by volume to unleaded commercial gasoline. This practice makes a significant contribution to improving engine performance, increasing fuel efficiency, and reducing pollutant emissions. As a result, the addition of isooctane is establishing itself as a standard in the manufacture of premium fuels, providing not only an improved driving experience but also preserving the health of the engine. Extensive studies have been conducted to explore the potential of isooctane as a fuel in this regard. NOx emissions were reduced by adding a proportion of isooctane to unleaded commercial gasoline for all fuel blends, which could be explained by the high vaporization enthalpy of isooctane. This reduces the maximum temperature reached in the cylinder and thus reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. A significant reduction in emissions of approximately 5% is achieved for the I10 blend (10% isooctane + 90% unleaded commercial gasoline) with the maintenance of engine performance (torque and power). This experimental study is confirmed by a numerical simulation using the DIESL-RK software with an average convergence of results that varies from 0.47% to 5.01%.
Decreased Brain pH Correlated With Progression of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Postmortem Studies
Authors: Hagihara Hideo , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Altered brain energy metabolism is implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD). Limited and conflicting studies on brain pH changes, indicative of metabolic alterations associated with neural activity, warrant a comprehensive investigation into their relevance in this neurodegenerative condition. Furthermore, the relationship between these pH changes and established AD neuropathological evaluations, such as Braak staging, remains unexplored.

Methods
We conducted quantitative meta-analyses on postmortem brain and cerebrospinal fluid pH in patients with AD and non-AD controls using publicly available demographic data. We collected raw pH data from studies in the NCBI GEO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.

Results
Our analysis of 20 datasets (723 patient samples and 524 control samples) using a random-effects model showed a significant decrease in brain and cerebrospinal fluid pH in patients compared with controls (Hedges’ g = −0.57, P &lt; .0001). This decrease remained significant after considering postmortem interval, age at death, and sex. Notably, pH levels were negatively correlated with Braak stage, indicated by the random-effects model of correlation coefficients from 15 datasets (292 patient samples and 159 control samples) (adjusted r = −0.26, P &lt; .0001). Furthermore, brain pH enhanced the discriminative power of the APOEε4 allele, the most prevalent risk gene for AD, in distinguishing patients from controls in a meta-analysis of 4 combined datasets (95 patient samples and 87 control samples).

Conclusions
The significant decrease in brain pH in AD underlines its potential role in disease progression and diagnosis. This decrease, potentially reflecting neural hyperexcitation, could enhance our understanding of neurodegenerative pathology and aid in developing diagnostic strategies.
Pendent steady rivulets and droplets: from lubrication to bifurcation
Authors: Grinfeld Michael , Pritchard David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider the shape of the free surface of steady pendent rivulets (or equivalently, two-dimensional droplets) beneath a planar substrate. We formulate the governing equations in terms of two closely related dynamical systems and use classical phase-plane techniques, in particular time maps, to analyse the bifurcation structure of the problem. Our results explain why lubrication theory is unable to capture this bifurcation structure for pendent rivulets, although it is successful in the related problem of sessile rivulets.
Monkeypox Virus Infection Stimulates a More Robust and Durable Neutralizing Antibody Response Compared to Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccination
Authors: Selverian Christopher N , Monticelli Stephanie R , Jaleta Yakin M , Lasso Gorka , DeMouth Megan E , Meola Annalisa , Berrigan Jacob , Batchelor Thomas G , Battini Leandro , Guardado-Calvo Pablo , Herbert Andrew S , Chandran Kartik , Meyerowitz Eric , Miller Emily Happy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has recently caused a global disease outbreak in humans. Differences in the neutralizing antibody response to vaccination versus MPXV infection remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the neutralization of MPXV and vaccinia virus by sera from a cohort of convalescent and vaccinated individuals at 1 and 8 months postexposure. Convalescent individuals displayed higher neutralizing antibody titers against MPXV than vaccinated and MPXV-naive persons at 1 month postexposure. Neutralizing antibody titers had waned significantly in both groups at 8 months. This study suggests that additional vaccine strategies are needed to elicit a durable humoral response and prevent breakthrough infections.
Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis: unveiling spatial representation in the districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Muniyandi Malaisamy , Mathiyazhagan Kavi , Karikalan Nagarajan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The objective of the current study was to estimate the self-reported individual-level crude prevalence and cluster-level adjusted prevalence of TB for the districts of Tamil Nadu and to understand the spatial distribution of TB cases through spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis.

Methods
National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, gathered during 2014–2015 (NFHS-4) and 2019–2021 (NFHS-5), were used in the current study to estimate district-wise, individual-level crude and cluster-level adjusted TB prevalence per 100 000 population in Tamil Nadu. This was illustrated with the help of spatial geographic representation for various districts of Tamil Nadu using SPSS and QGIS software. The spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis were performed using Geoda software.

Results
The overall self-reported individual-level crude prevalence of TB was 337 (95% CI 302 to 375) and 169 (95% CI 144 to 197) per 100 000 population, whereas the cluster-level adjusted prevalence of TB was 356 (95% CI 311 to 405) and 184 (95% CI 154 to 219) per 100 000 population in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, respectively.

Conclusions
This study highlights those geographical areas with high rates of TB prevalence. This information would be useful for the state and district programme managers to identify areas of high TB prevalence where interventions can be focused.
Eosinophil and B-cell dynamics in the milky spots from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice: comparison with spleen and bone marrow, and extramedullary eosinopoiesis
Authors: Vieira Bruno Marques , Almeida Beatriz Fernandes , Machado Marcelo Pelajo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The milky spots (MS) are structures found in the omentum of humans and other vertebrates, representing a fraction of the lymphomyeloid tissue associated with the celom. They majorly consist of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and macrophages. Also found in smaller quantities are mesothelial, stromal, dendritic, and rare mast cells. In an experimental model of Schistosoma mansoni infection, there is significant activation of the omentum and MS, which exhibit numerous eosinophils. Despite being described for many years, the complete profile of cells found in MS and their functions remains largely unexplored. Here, we evaluate the leukocyte populations of the MS in homeostasis and a murine model of S. mansoni infection. The histopathological characterization, phenotypic profile analysis, and characterization of the eosinophilic potential of progenitors and precursors comparing the MS with the spleen and bone marrow showed significant activation of MS in infected mice, with changes in the profile over the analyzed times, showing signs of migration and activation of eosinophils, with local eosinopoiesis and maintenance of the eosinophilic population. In naive mice, B1a and B1b cells make up only a small fraction of B lymphocytes. However, B1b cells expand significantly during infection, peaking at 60 days post-infection (DPI) before stabilizing by 90 DPI. B1a cells also increase initially but decrease over time. The behavior of MS differs from other primary and secondary lymphoid organs, acting as a central lymphoid organ in cavity immunity.