bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History Matching Water Breakthrough Timing Using Analytical Techniques
Authors: Siddiqui I. , Sharma H. , Mehta M. , Kannan K. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An integrated analytical approach is presented that predicts water breakthrough timing of producing wells in the absence of surveillance (sparse PLTs, reservoir pressure and PTA) and seismic data. It is critical to understand water movement because 20% of the wells in the reservoir have produced water and are now closed for production due to lack of water handling facilities. Results are compared to existing dynamic models which are unable to accurately predict water breakthrough timing.
This approach uses production and tubing head pressure data along with gamma ray logs and wells’ saturation data to provide insights into reservoir properties. It combines geological study along with classical analytical methods like Stiles’ calculations and Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) to understand and predict the movement of water in the reservoir. The approach uses RTA for estimating key reservoir properties and Stiles’ method to calculate water breakthrough timing in the wells. After combining inferences from all data, sweep efficiency calculations are used to corroborate the water breakthrough timingspredicted by dynamic model with analytically calculated timings. Detailed algorithms and workflows are provided.
Findings from geological study of this oilfield in the Middle East and results from Rate Transient Analysis show that water is moving preferentially in certain areas in the reservoir. Combining this concept of preferential water movement with Stiles and sweep efficiency calculations predicts water breakthrough of wells that have broken water within a range of 3 months when compared to history. Converting the conceptual model into a geocircular grid for simulation enables the model to test different geological scenarios and capture uncertainties. The new history-matched models not only predict water breakthrough timing of the wells but also cover a range of geological uncertainties. Better forecast of water production helps calibrate the upcoming water handling facility at the site for improved production from the field.
The novelty of this approach is in the simplicity and speed with which it can solve a complex problem. It overcomes a very common hurdle of data uncertainty and unavailability to answer the pertinent question of water breakthrough timing at each producer well using standard analytical techniques.
Value of Information and Risk Preference in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Projects
Authors: Ibarra Martin Vilela , Oluyemi Gbenga , Petrovski Andrei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Accurate and consistent assessment of the Value of Information is a fundamental requirement for efficient management of any Oil and Gas Exploration and Production project. Although the current methods of assessment consider the uncertain nature of the input parameters used to value projects, however, it does not include the risk of ruin or bankruptcy if the case that actually occurs is one with negative or zero value (e.g. in Net Present Value terms).
In this paper, the risk attitude of the decision maker is integrated into the methodology of Value of Information using the Utility Function approach with a special focus on the oil and gas industry. The result obtained following the evaluation methodology developed shows that the Value of Information is an assessment over a set of alternatives which depend on the risk attitude of the decision maker.
Produced Water Treatment by Using Nanofibrous Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane in Air Gap Membrane Distillation
Authors: Moradi Rasoul , Mehrizadeh Masoud , Niknafs Hassan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The removal of oil from produced water is one of the main environmental topics in oil and gas reservoir exploitations and industrial operations. In this study, a new method was introduced for efficient and cost effective treatment of produced water by using nanofibrous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) process. The PVDF membrane was fabricated through electrospinning technique and characterized by means of various methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), liquid entry pressure (LEP) test, gas permeation and contact angle goniometry. The prepared membranes were tested for permeation flux and oil separation efficiency in AGMD process. The results indicate that the optimally modified membrane yields high permeate flux of around 17.5 kg/m2h and total oil removal efficiency of 99.9 % compared to commercial membranes.
Everyone Engaged! - Driving Contractor Performance through Advanced Safety Leadership Training Programs at Oil and Gas Assets
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Nienhaus Annette 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Up to 80% of activities at oil and gas assets are performed by contractors, with contractors often carrying out high-hazard, non-routine works that are not under the immediate supervision and direction of the host organization. As a consequence, gaps in contractor safety performance are one of the biggest safety risks for corporations today, and managing contractor performance is an ongoing challenge.
Effective contractor management will include extending the host organizations's environment, health & safety (EHS) management systems and programs to contractors, while at the same time driving personal engagement and interactions with contractors to impact mindsets and decisions. Implementing EHS leadership training programs based on accelerative learning methods are an effective tool to ensure both the systems side and the personal side are met. Based on two case studies, we illustrate how engaging contractors in people-centered safety leadership training programs fosters a positive safety culture across host and contractor organizations alike, and drives performance change through the whole organization.
Use of process guides for comprehensive urban sanitation technology decision-making: practice versus theory
Authors: Ramôa Ana Rita , McConville Jennifer , Lüthi Christoph , Matos José Saldanha 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The need for taking a comprehensive perspective when selecting sanitation technologies in developing contexts has been increasingly discussed. Process guides, which are planning documents describing steps decision-makers need to take, represent one possible contribution to attain comprehensive decisions. An interview study with sanitation experts was carried out to understand the importance and real use of such planning documents for the selection of urban sanitation technologies in developing countries, as well as to understand the relevance and actual consideration of decision elements and to identify recommendations for taking them into account. Although process guides appear to be helpful to guide planning processes, their use does not seem to be common practice. It is actually doubtful that the sector is currently able to make better use of those documents in the form that they exist today. Furthermore, the importance of a comprehensive approach is generally recognised, but relevant decision elements were said to be often neglected. Finally, results from the interview analysis also emphasised the need for a conducive policy environment, namely by developing appropriate institutional and legal frameworks, and by incentivising planners and decision-makers to further adapt to comprehensive decision-making practices that effectively improve the sanitation situation in developing countries.
Membrane processes for the reuse of car washing wastewater
Authors: Uçar Deniz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study investigates alternative treatments of car wash effluents. The car wash wastewater was treated by settling, filtration, and membrane filtration processes. During settling, total solid concentration decreased rapidly within the first 2 hours and then remained constant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity were decreased by 10% and 4%, respectively. After settling, wastewater was filtered throughout a 100 μm filter. It was found that filtration had a negligible effect on COD removal. Finally, wastewater was filtered by four ultrafiltration membranes of varying molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) (1, 5, 10 and 50 kDa) and one nanofiltration membrane (NF270, MWCO = 200–400 Da). The permeate COD concentrations varied between 64.5 ± 3.2 and 85.5 ± 4.3 mg L−1 depending on UF pore size. When the NF270 nanofiltration membrane was used, the permeate COD concentration was 8.1 ± 0.4 mg L−1 corresponding to 97% removal. FeCl3 precipitation and activated carbon adsorption techniques were also applied to the retentate and 60–76% COD removals were obtained for activated carbon adsorption and FeCl3 precipitation, respectively.
Long-Term Kidney Outcomes in High BMI Living Kidney Donors: A Narrative Review
Authors: Murthy Kalyani , Caldwell Hannah , Simpson Mary A. 
Published: October 2017

Background:The shortage of transplantable organs has led to the expansion of the living kidney donor (LKD) pool to include overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25-30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) donors. Higher BMI is a known risk factor for chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease.Methods & Materials:We focused our review on long-term kidney-related outcomes (kidney function, hypertension, and proteinuria) among higher BMI LKDs. A PubMed search retrieved a total of 27 articles reporting on renal outcomes for obese LKDs. Of these, nine studies with ≥5 years of follow-up were selected for inclusion.Results:Five studies reported a decrease in kidney function at follow-up for higher BMI LKDs. Higher BMI was noted as a risk factor for hypertension in six studies. Proteinuria was reported in six studies, and a significant association was noted with higher BMI status in three.Conclusion:This review highlights the continued need for long-term documentation of kidney function and related outcomes in higher BMI LKDs.
Workflow of CAD / CAM Scoliosis Brace Adjustment in Preparation Using 3D Printing
Authors: Weiss Hans-Rudolf , Tournavitis Nicos , Nan Xiaofeng , Borysov Maksym , Paul Lothar 
Published: October 2017

Background:
High correction bracing is the most effective conservative treatment for patients with scoliosis during growth. Still today braces for the treatment of scoliosis are made by casting patients while computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) is available with all possibilities to standardize pattern specific brace treatment and improve wearing comfort.

Objective:
CAD / CAM brace production mainly relies on carving a polyurethane foam model which is the basis for vacuuming a polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) brace. Purpose of this short communication is to describe the workflow currently used and to outline future requirements with respect to 3D printing technology.

Method:
Description of the steps of virtual brace adjustment as available today are content of this paper as well as an outline of the great potential there is for the future 3D printing technology.

Results:
For 3D printing of scoliosis braces it is necessary to establish easy to use software plug-ins in order to allow adding 3D printing technology to the current workflow of virtual CAD / CAM brace adjustment. Textures and structures can be added to the brace models at certain well defined locations offering the potential of more wearing comfort without losing in-brace correction.

Conclusions:
Advances have to be made in the field of CAD / CAM software tools with respect to design and generation of individually structured brace models based on currently well established and standardized scoliosis brace libraries.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Sevelamer Carbonate on Serum Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in CKD
Authors: Liabeuf Sophie , Ryckelynck Jean-Philippe , El Esper Najeh , Ureña Pablo , Combe Christian , Dussol Bertrand , Fouque Denis , Vanhille Philippe , Frimat Luc , Thervet Eric , Mentaverri Romuald , Prié Dominique , Choukroun Gabriel ,   for the FRENCH Study collaborators
Published: October 2017

Background and objectives
Epidemiologic studies suggest that higher serum phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 levels are associated with increase morbidity and mortality. The aim of the FGF23 Reduction Efficacy of a New Phosphate Binder in CKD Trial was to evaluate the effect of sevelamer carbonate on serum C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in normophosphatemic patients with CKD stage 3b/4.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Patients with CKD, eGFR between 45 and 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, fasting serum phosphate concentration >3.1 mg/dl, and serum C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 >80 relative units/ml were included in our double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized multicenter study. All patients received 100,000 IU cholecalciferol at time of randomization. Participants received either placebo or sevelamer carbonate 4.8 g daily during a 12-week period. Biologic parameters, including serum C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23, and α-klotho, were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after inclusion.

Results
Of 96 screened patients, 78 (mean±SD age: 63±13 years old; 70% men; mean eGFR: 27±9 ml/min per 1.73 m2) met the inclusion criteria. At baseline, mean eGFR was 27±9 ml/min per 1.73 m2, mean serum phosphate level was 3.8±0.5 mg/dl, and median (interquartile range) serum C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 level was 157 (120–241) relative units/ml. After 12 weeks of treatment, urinary phosphate-to-creatinine ratio fell significantly in the sevelamer group. The sevelamer and placebo groups did not differ significantly in terms of median change in serum C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 levels: the median (interquartile range) change was 38 (−13–114) relative units/ml in the placebo group and 37 (−1–101) relative units/ml in the sevelamer group (P=0.77). There was no significant difference in serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23, α-klotho, or phosphate levels changes between the two groups. Serum total and LDL cholesterol levels fell significantly in the sevelamer group.

Conclusions
In our double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study performed in normophosphatemic patients with CKD, a 12-week course of sevelamer carbonate significantly reduced phosphaturia without changing serum phosphorus but did not significantly modify serum C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 or α-klotho levels.
Comparative cost and clinical effectiveness of clostridial collagenase ointment for chronic dermal ulcers
Authors: Waycaster Curtis , Carter Marissa J , Gilligan Adrienne M , Mearns Elizabeth S , Fife Caroline E , Milne Catherine T 
Published: October 2017

Chronic dermal ulcers affect approximately 2.4–4.5 million people in the USA and are associated with loss of function, decreased quality of life and significant economic burden. Debridement is a critical component of wound care involving removal of nonviable tissue from chronic wounds to stimulate the granulation and epithelialization process. Clostridial collagenase ointment has been used as a method of wound debridement for more than 50 years and is currently the only enzymatic debriding ointment with US FDA approval. This review discusses the results of recent real-world studies that build upon the evidence demonstrating the clinical effectiveness, cost–effectiveness and safety of clostridial collagenase ointment across wound types and care settings.
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Hemoglobin A1c in Two Community-Based Cohorts
Authors: Leong Aaron , Daya Natalie , Porneala Bianca , Devlin James J. , Shiffman Dov , McPhaul Michael J. , Selvin Elizabeth , Meigs James B. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be used to assess type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We asked whether HbA1c was associated with T2D risk in four scenarios of clinical information availability: 1) HbA1c alone, 2) fasting laboratory tests, 3) clinic data, and 4) fasting laboratory tests and clinic data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied a prospective cohort of white (N = 11,244) and black (N = 2,294) middle-aged participants without diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Association of HbA1c with incident T2D (defined by medication use or fasting glucose [FG] ≥126 mg/dL) was evaluated in regression models adjusted for 1) age and sex (demographics); 2) demographics, FG, HDL, and triglycerides; 3) demographics, BMI, blood pressure, and T2D family history; or 4) all preceding covariates. We combined results from cohort and race analyses by random-effects meta-analyses. Subsidiary analyses tested the association of HbA1c with developing T2D within 8 years or only after 8 years.

RESULTS
Over 20 years, 3,315 individuals developed T2D. With adjustment for demographics, the odds of T2D increased fourfold for each percentage-unit increase in HbA1c. The odds ratio (OR) was 4.00 (95% CI 3.14, 5.10) for blacks and 4.73 (3.10, 7.21) for whites, resulting in a combined OR of 4.50 (3.35, 6.03). After adjustment for fasting laboratory tests and clinic data, the combined OR was 2.68 (2.15, 3.34) over 20 years, 5.79 (2.51, 13.36) within 8 years, and 2.23 (1.94, 2.57) after 8 years.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c predicts T2D in different common scenarios and is useful for identifying individuals with elevated T2D risk in both the short- and long-term.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Ischemic Lower- Extremity Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes: Results of the DAMO2CLES Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Santema Katrien T.B. , Stoekenbroek Robert M. , Koelemay Mark J.W. , Reekers Jim A. , van Dortmont Laura M.C. , Oomen Arno , Smeets Luuk , Wever Jan J. , Legemate Dink A. , Ubbink Dirk T. ,   DAMO2CLES Study Group, Reichart M. , Balm R. , Bodegom M.E. , van Wanroij J.L. , ten Raa S. , Willems M.C. , Klemm P. , de Valk F.G. , Wever J.J. , Hulst I. , de Mol van Otterloo J.C.A. , Lenselink E.A. , Vos A.W.F. , van Nieuwenhuizen R.C. , Vahl A.C. , Smeets L. , Nio D. , van den Heuvel J.C.H. , Oomen A. , Swinkels J. , Vriens P.W.H.E. , van Hees C.P.A. , van Brussel J.P. , Koedam N.A. , Buijk S. , Lauwers P. , van Dortmont L.M.C. , Nederhoed J.H. , Kievit J.K. , Wiersema A.M. , Vierhout B.P. , van Baal J.G. , van Hulst R.A. , Groot R. , Everts P.A.M. , Raap R.D. Bol , Boonstra O. , Monsieurs K. G. , Vellinga T.P. van Rees , Zwinderman A.H. , Hamming J.F. , Peters E.J.G. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
Conflicting evidence exists on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of chronic ischemic leg ulcers. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether additional HBOT would benefit patients with diabetes and ischemic leg ulcers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with diabetes with an ischemic wound (n = 120) were randomized to standard care (SC) without or with HBOT (SC+HBOT). Primary outcomes were limb salvage and wound healing after 12 months, as well as time to wound healing. Other end points were amputation-free survival (AFS) and mortality.

RESULTS
Both groups contained 60 patients. Limb salvage was achieved in 47 patients in the SC group vs. 53 patients in the SC+HBOT group (risk difference [RD] 10% [95% CI −4 to 23]). After 12 months, 28 index wounds were healed in the SC group vs. 30 in the SC+HBOT group (RD 3% [95% CI −14 to 21]). AFS was achieved in 41 patients in the SC group and 49 patients in the SC+HBOT group (RD 13% [95% CI −2 to 28]). In the SC+HBOT group, 21 patients (35%) were unable to complete the HBOT protocol as planned. Those who did had significantly fewer major amputations and higher AFS (RD for AFS 26% [95% CI 10–38]).

CONCLUSIONS
Additional HBOT did not significantly improve complete wound healing or limb salvage in patients with diabetes and lower-limb ischemia.
Pulmonary disposition and pharmacokinetics of minocycline in adult horses
Authors: Echeverria Kate O. , Lascola Kara M. , Giguère Steeve , Foreman Jonathan H. , Austin Scott A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics and pulmonary disposition of minocycline in horses after IV and intragastric administration.
ANIMALS 7 healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES For experiment 1 of the study, minocycline was administered IV (2.2 mg/kg) or intragastrically (4 mg/kg) to 6 horses by use of a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were obtained before and 16 times within 36 hours after minocycline administration. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 4 times within 24 hours after minocycline administration for collection of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and BAL cells. For experiment 2, minocycline was administered intragastrically (4 mg/kg, q 12 h, for 5 doses) to 6 horses. Plasma samples were obtained before and 20 times within 96 hours after minocycline administration. A BAL was performed 6 times within 72 hours after minocycline administration for collection of PELF samples and BAL cells.
RESULTS Mean bioavailability of minocycline was 48% (range, 35% to 75%). At steady state, mean ± SD maximum concentration (Cmax) of minocycline in plasma was 2.3 ± 1.3 μg/mL, and terminal half-life was 11.8 ± 0.5 hours. Median time to Cmax (Tmax) was 1.3 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0 to 1.5 hours). The Cmax and Tmax of minocycline in the PELF were 10.5 ± 12.8 μg/mL and 9.0 hours (IQR, 5.5 to 12.0 hours), respectively. The Cmax and Tmax for BAL cells were 0.24 ± 0.1 μg/mL and 6.0 hours (IQR, 0 to 6.0 hours), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minocycline was distributed into the PELF and BAL cells of adult horses.
Casos de intervención de la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Molano Rojas Andrés 
Published: October 2017

La Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) empezó a funcionar en el 2003, luego de la entrada en vigor del Estatuto de Roma el año inmediatamente anterior. Desde entonces, ha abordado la investigación de situaciones en cuatro Estados africanos:
Por remisión de los propios gobiernos:
Uganda (2004), por los actos de extrema violencia, reclutamiento de niñoos, esclavitud sexual, entre otros, cometidos por la guerrilla del Ejército de Resistencia del Señor (LRA).
República Democrática del Congo (2004), en relación con las masacres a la población civil y el empleo de la violencia sexual como arma de guerra en la región de los Kivus.
República Centroafricana (2005), por las masacres y graves violaciones sexuales que se cometieron en el 2002 y 2003.
Por remisión del Consejo de Seguridad de la Organización de Naciones Unidas:
Sudán (2005), ante la evidencia de graves crímenes e incluso de genocidio ocurridos en la región de Darfur.