bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Oncoplastic Surgery Safe in High‐Risk Breast Cancer Phenotypes?
Authors: Ku Gabriel De La Cruz , Wareham Carly , King Caroline , Koul Akash , Desai Anshumi , Persing Sarah M. , Nardello Salvatore , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOncoplastic surgery (OPS) has increased in popularity over the recent years. It is a form of breast conservation surgery allowing for larger partial mastectomy (PM) resections followed by either volume displacement or volume replacement reconstruction techniques. However, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness and safety of OPS with radiotherapy (OPS + RT) in high‐risk breast cancer phenotypes, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2 positive (HER2+) patients. Our aim was to compare the breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) and postoperative surgical complications in OPS + RT compared to PM alone with radiation (PM + RT) and total mastectomy (MTX) without radiotherapy (MTX‐RT).MethodsPatient data were analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2020. Patients were stratified according to the type of surgery. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors of BCSS.ResultsA total of 24 621 patients with high‐risk breast cancer phenotypes were identified, 180 underwent OPS + RT; 13 402, PM + RT; and 11 039 MTX‐RT. OPS + RT was more frequently performed in younger (mean age of 65.53 years, SD: 9.29, p < 0.001), non‐Hispanic White (90.5% vs. 77.7% vs. 76.3%) and single women (17.9% vs. 12.1% vs. 13.3%). MTX‐RT was usually performed in patients with high histological grade, TNBC, and higher stages. Overall complication rates were higher in the MTX‐RT, compared to OPS + RT and PM + RT, 2%, 1.1%, and 0.7%, respectively, p < 0.001. Rates of hematoma and surgical site infections were higher in the MTX‐RT group. With a median follow‐up of 46 months, OPS + RT had better BCSS rates at 5 years compared to PM + RT and MTX‐RT (97.1% vs. 94.7% vs. 89.8%, p < 0.001). MTX‐RT was found to be an independent prognostic factor of worse BCSS compared to OPS + RT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.584; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.005–7.171), while PM + RT had no difference compared to OPS + RT (HR = 1.670, 95% CI: 0.624–4.469).ConclusionsOPS is a safe breast surgical option in patients with HER2+ and TNBC. Patients with high‐risk phenotypes who underwent OPS + RT and have similar BCSS and complication rates compared to standard breast surgical options. As such, OPS should be considered as an option whenever breast conservation surgery is being discussed.
Development and validation of deep learning models for identifying the brand of pedicle screws on plain spine radiographs
Authors: Yao Yu‐Cheng , Lin Cheng‐Li , Chen Hung‐Hsun , Lin Hsi‐Hsien , Hsiung Wei , Wang Shih‐Tien , Sun Ying‐Chou , Tang Yu‐Hsuan , Chou Po‐Hsin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn spinal revision surgery, previous pedicle screws (PS) may need to be replaced with new implants. Failure to accurately identify the brand of PS‐based instrumentation preoperatively may increase the risk of perioperative complications. This study aimed to develop and validate an optimal deep learning (DL) model to identify the brand of PS‐based instrumentation on plain radiographs of spine (PRS) using anteroposterior (AP) and lateral images.MethodsA total of 529 patients who received PS‐based instrumentation from seven manufacturers were enrolled in this retrospective study. The postoperative PRS were gathered as ground truths. The training, validation, and testing datasets contained 338, 85, and 106 patients, respectively. YOLOv5 was used to crop out the screws' trajectory, and the EfficientNet‐b0 model was used to develop single models (AP, Lateral, Merge, and Concatenated) based on the different PRS images. The ensemble models were different combinations of the single models. Primary outcomes were the models' performance in accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1‐score, kappa value, and area under the curve (AUC). Secondary outcomes were the relative performance of models versus human readers and external validation of the DL models.ResultsThe Lateral model had the most stable performance among single models. The discriminative performance was improved by the ensemble method. The AP + Lateral ensemble model had the most stable performance, with an accuracy of 0.9434, F1 score of 0.9388, and AUC of 0.9834. The performance of the ensemble models was comparable to that of experienced orthopedic surgeons and superior to that of inexperienced orthopedic surgeons. External validation revealed that the Lat + Concat ensemble model had the best accuracy (0.9412).ConclusionThe DL models demonstrated stable performance in identifying the brand of PS‐based instrumentation based on AP and/or lateral images of PRS, which may assist orthopedic spine surgeons in preoperative revision planning in clinical practice.
Molecular mechanism of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation regulating lipopolysaccharide‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Hong , Chen Chun‐Ling , Chen Fen‐Fang , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Li Mei‐Mei , He Ze‐Bao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explored the mechanism by which the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) and AKI‐chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. HK‐2 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro model of SA‐AKI. ALKBH5 expression was reduced through the transfection of si‐ALKBH5. Cell viability, apoptosis, and migration were detected by CCK‐8 assay, TUNEL staining, and Transwell. The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting was performed to determine the expressions of ALKBH5, miR‐205‐5p, DDX5, E‐cadherin, and α‐SMA. The m6A level was quantitatively analyzed. The expression of pri‐miR‐205 bound to DGCR8 and m6A‐modified pri‐miR‐205 after intervention with ALKBH5 expression was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation. A dual‐luciferase assay confirmed the binding between miR‐205‐5p and DDX5. ALKBH5 was highly expressed in LPS‐induced HK‐2 cells. Inhibition of ALKBH5 increased cell viability, repressed apoptosis, and reduced EMT. Inhibition of ALKBH5 increased the m6A modification level, thereby promoting DGCR8 binding to pri‐miR‐205 to increase miR‐205‐5p expression and eventually targeting DDX5 expression. Low expression of miR‐205‐5p or overexpression of DDX5 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of ALKBH5 silencing on EMT. In conclusion, ALKBH5 represses miR‐205‐5p expression by removing m6A modification to upregulate DDX5 expression, thereby promoting EMT and AKI‐CKD transition after SA‐AKI.
High Efficiency Non‐Doped Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence by High‐Lying Singlet Exciton Fission
Authors: Guo Xiaomin , Yang Jie , Yuan Peisen , Wang Yunsheng , Qiao Xianfeng , Li Zhen , Tang Ben Zhong , Ma Dongge 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeavy‐metal‐free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) holds great potential in the field of organic optoelectronic devices owing to low economic cost, simple preparation techniques, and high exciton utilization. However, it is still filled with challenges in realizing high efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and exploring the internal physical mechanism based on these ORTP molecules. Here, a high‐performance OLED induced by an unexpected interfacial spin‐mixing process between the ORTP molecule and interlayers is demonstrated, and the high efficiency electroluminescence (EL) mechanism is studied through magneto–electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto–photoluminescence (MPL) measurements. The steady‐state and transient PL properties imply that the interfacial effect is related to a high‐lying singlet fission (HLSF) process in the ORTP molecule itself. Further, the HLSF process and the corresponding energy level position are confirmed by the incident wavelength‐ and temperature‐dependent PL spectra and the magnetic‐field‐dependent transient PL. Finally, by optimizing the interfacial material adjacent to the emissive layer to utilize this interfacial spin mixing effect, a high‐efficiency non‐doped ORTP‐OLED with external quantum efficiency of 16% and CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.49) is developed. The proposed mechanism during the EL process will give insight to produce more efficient OLEDs based on ORTP materials in the future.
The evolution of two‐stage production and order equilibrium in a random yield supply chain with demand information updating
Authors: Peng Jiawu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mismatch between production, order, and demand seriously affects supply chain performance. However, most research focus on the mismatch between the retailer's order and customer's demand, which ignores the influence of the supplier's random yield on supply chain members' decision‐making. This paper investigates a two‐stage optimization problem within a two‐echelon supply chain, featuring a supplier with random yield and a retailer updating demand information in real‐time. Faced with a long production lead time, the retailer can either place advance orders at the production season's onset (first‐stage advance order) or opt for instant orders at the beginning of the sales season (second‐stage instant order). To ensure timely order fulfillment, the supplier initially employs a cost‐effective regular production mode with random yield during the production season. If yields are insufficient during sales, a pricier emergency production mode with guaranteed output becomes available. Utilizing a dynamic programming approach, we formulate the two‐stage optimization problem to derive optimal production and order decisions. Our analysis uncovers how realized random yield and stochastic market signals influence emergency production and instant order quantities in the second stage. We compare expected profits in scenarios with perfect and imperfect market signals, probing the members' preferences regarding order strategies. An intriguing finding emerges: as instant wholesale prices rising, the supplier's preferred order strategy diverges from the retailer. By strategic adjustments to the instant wholesale price, we demonstrate the potential for unanimous agreement on preferred order strategies among supply chain members — a quality enhancing the chain's flexibility and performance. Moreover, we extend the model to hybrid order strategies and identify conditions for unanimous preference among the three strategies. To bolster our theoretical findings, we provide numerical examples, lending practical support to our study.
Micro‐Mechanical Analysis for Residual Stresses and Shakedown of Cohesionless‐Frictional Particulate Materials Under Moving Surface Loads
Authors: Cai Wei , Xu Ping , Zhang Runhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResidual stresses and shakedown have been successfully presented by two‐dimensional numerical experiments based on the discrete element method (DEM), wherein a cohesionless‐frictional material under moving surface loads was replicated through irregular‐shaped particles. With surface loads below the shakedown limit, both permanent deformations and residual stresses cease to accumulate and the numerical structure shakes down after a number of load passes. Corresponding micro‐mechanical analyses indicate that strong forces and normal forces make a dominant contribution to residual stresses. Besides, averaged magnitudes of interparticle forces and corresponding total contact numbers initially change with load passes, and their final variation trends will differ as the structure shakes down or not. Furthermore, polar distributions of interparticle forces and contacts have been presented, and variations of their preferential orientations were emphasised. Lastly, the fabric tensor and anisotropy of resultant forces were studied, presenting the anisotropy weakening of macro‐stress fields, induced by developments of residual stresses.
Analytical Solution for Longitudinal Seismic Responses of Circular Tunnel Crossing Fault Zone
Authors: Tang Jie , He Manchao , Bian Hanbing , Qiao Yafei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a simplified analytical solution for longitudinal seismic responses of a circular tunnel crossing a fault zone under longitudinally propagating shear waves. The transmissions and reflections of shear waves at two geological interfaces between the fault zone and intact rock are considered when calculating the free‐field displacement. An improved elastic foundation beam model considering different tangential contact conditions at the tunnel‒rock interface is also adopted. According to the continuous conditions at the two geological interfaces, explicit expressions for the tunnel displacement, bending moment, and shearing force are given. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical solution is validated via numerical simulations, and the importance of accounting for tangential contact conditions at the tunnel‒rock interface is emphasized. Moreover, parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of the fault zone width, rock conditions, tunnel lining stiffness, tangential contact conditions, and earthquake frequency on the deformation and internal forces of tunnels subjected to seismic waves. This novel analytical solution can be utilized to quickly estimate the longitudinal seismic responses of circular tunnels crossing fault zones subjected to longitudinally propagating shear waves, particularly in the preliminary engineering design, and can be extended to geological conditions with multiple interfaces.
Modeling of Drain Consolidation in the Quick Triaxial Test and Its Analytical Solution
Authors: Chen Zhibo , Zhu Jungao , Zheng Xinjiang , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSand columns have been widely used to accelerate drainage and then improving the mechanical properties of soft soil foundations. The sand column has also been introduced into the triaxial test by researchers, in the center of the cylindrical specimen, to greatly accelerate drainage and consolidation process. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the consolidation properties of the triaxial cylindrical specimen considering the presence of a sand column, and then to propose a consolidation model that simulates the consolidation process of the triaxial test. The consolidation equations were derived considering the drainage of the specimen with a sand column composed of both vertical and double‐radial flows. Then the analytical solution of the model was obtained based on specific initial and boundary conditions. The comparison between the consolidation model and the laboratory tests yielded highly consistent. The case study demonstrated that the proposed consolidation model accurately simulates the evolution of average pore pressure and degree of consolidation in triaxial specimens containing a sand column. The studies on the consolidation parameters showed that there were different effects on the drainage rate for the diameter of specimen, the permeability coefficients of specimen and sand column, as well as the radius of the sand column.
Practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change: A scoping review
Authors: Bérubé Anouk , Diallo Thierno , Roberge Martin , Audate Pierre‐Paul , Leblanc Nancy , Jobin Édith , Moubarak Nisrine , Guillaumie Laurence , Dupéré Sophie , Guichard Anne , Goupil‐Sormany Isabelle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman activities have significantly contributed to a persistent climate change trend, posing substantial threats to human health. Nurses regularly interact with patients experiencing the consequences of climate change, making their engagement in addressing this issue crucial. Nonetheless, our understanding of nurses' viewpoints regarding climate change remains limited.AimThis scoping review aims to identify practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change.DesignTo fulfil this objective, a documentary search strategy was developed using an iterative process.MethodsThe search strategy was tested in four bibliographic databases, as well as in the grey literature. A 2‐stage selection process was conducted, and relevant data were extracted from selected articles for analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two scientific articles and 11 documents from nursing associations were selected. The findings suggest that while many nurses and nursing students are concerned about climate change and its effects on their patients' health, their role in addressing the climate crisis is not well understood. Many barriers such as having a heavy workload and the lack of support hindered their ability to adjust their practice in response to the changing climate. Furthermore, many expressed a need for trainings on climate change issues.ConclusionsThese results raise a great and urgent demand for these professionals to receive appropriate training to cope with climatic threats to health. Future research should focus on the development of nursing climate leadership, and healthcare organizations should support nursing initiatives and help raise nurses' awareness regarding climate change.
Exploring the reactivity and interactions of a poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine)‐conjugated polymer with Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ly Alexandra L. , Adronov Alex 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConjugated tetrazine‐containing polymers that undergo inverse electron demand Diels‐Alder (IEDDA) reactions with trans‐cyclooctenes are interesting not only for their intrinsic optoelectronic properties, but also their interactions with π‐conjugated surfaces. Here, we prepared a series of poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) polymers and carried out IEDDA reactions to decorate them with hydroxyl, hexadecyl, or triethylene glycol side chains. The polymers were investigated pre‐ and post‐IEDDA coupling in terms of their ability to disperse single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in organic solvent. It was found that polymer molecular weight, side chain structure, and degree of conjugation all impacted the quality of SWNT dispersions. While the starting poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) polymer produced concentrated dispersions, the post‐IEDDA polymer containing dihydropyridazine groups did not produce dispersions of equal concentration. However, upon oxidation to the fully aromatic pyridazines, the polymers regained their ability to form concentrated dispersions. Furthermore, the post‐IEDDA polymers exhibited increased selectivity toward metallic SWNTs relative to the starting polymer. Due to the efficiency of the IEDDA reaction, it was also possible to use this chemistry to derivatize the nanotube complex with poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) post‐dispersion. Overall, this work demonstrates the first use of reactive polytetrazines to disperse SWNTs, allowing rapid modification of polymer‐nanotube complexes.
Investigating the Influence of the Substrate Temperature and the Organic Precursor on the Mechanical Properties of Low‐Pressure Plasma Polymer Films
Authors: Dantinne Robin , Vinx Nathan , Leclère Philippe , Cossement Damien , Poleunis Claude , Delcorte Arnaud , Snyders Rony , Thiry Damien 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis work aims to investigate the influence of the substrate temperature on low‐pressure plasma polymerization processes. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties and growth mechanism of the plasma polymer films (PPFs). For this purpose, two precursors are considered, differing only by their unsaturation degree: 2‐propen‐1‐ol (CH2═CH–CH2–OH) and propan‐1‐ol (CH3–CH2–CH2–OH). Although propan‐1‐ol‐based PPFs behave like hard elastic solids, 2‐propen‐1‐ol‐based coatings evolve from a liquid film to an elastic solid on increasing the substrate temperature. This behavior is understood considering the evolution of the glass transition temperature of PPFs. The latter is correlated with the cross‐linking degree of the polymeric network governed by the energy density of bombarding ions on the growing film.
Environmental Drivers of Palsa and Peat Plateau Occurrences: A Regional Comparison Across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Leppiniemi Oona , Karjalainen Olli , Aalto Juha , Luoto Miska , Hjort Jan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPalsas and peat plateaus occur in various environmental conditions, but their driving environmental factors have not been examined across the Northern Hemisphere with harmonized datasets. Such comparisons can deepen our understanding of these landforms and their response to climate change. We conducted a comparative study between four regions: Hudson Bay, Iceland, Northern Fennoscandia, and Western Siberia by integrating landform observations and geospatial data into a MaxEnt model. Climate and hydrological conditions were identified as primary, yet regionally divergent, factors affecting palsa and peat plateau occurrence. Suitable conditions for these landforms entail specific temperature ranges (500–1500 thawing degree days, 500–4000 freezing degree days), around 300 mm of rainfall, and high soil moisture accumulation potential. Iceland's conditions, in particular, differ due to higher precipitation, a narrower temperature range, and the significance of soil organic carbon content. The annual thermal balance is a critical factor in understanding the occurrence of permafrost peatlands and should be considered when comparing different regions. We conclude that palsas and peat plateaus share similar topographic conditions but occupy varying soil conditions and climatic niches across the Northern Hemisphere. These findings have implications for understanding the climatic sensitivity of permafrost peatlands and identifying potential greenhouse gas emitters.
Effects of multiple microplastic types on growth of winter wheat and soil properties vary in different agricultural soils
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Ingraffia Rosolino , Schloter Michael , Brüggemann Nicolas , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact StatementWinter wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Microplastics, as an emerging pollutant, are widespread in agricultural soils due to various modern agricultural practices and can have adverse impacts on agricultural soils and plant growth. Herein, we investigated the effects of 10 types of microplastics on the properties of three agricultural soil types and the growth of winter wheat. This study contributes insights toward the conservation of agricultural soils and potential wheat yield responses to microplastic. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the differences in responses to this pollutant class is of great importance for management recommendations.Summary

Microplastics (MPs) (size < 5 mm) are increasingly recognized as anthropogenic contaminants that severely affect terrestrial ecosystems. These particles are always detected as a mixture of various polymer types and shapes. However, we have limited knowledge of the effect of combined MPs on plant–soil systems.
To address this, we selected 10 types of MP, applied to three soil types singly and in combination along an increasing gradient of 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10 MP types at a content of 0.4% (w/v). After 8 weeks of pre‐incubation, winter wheat (TOBAK) was grown in each pot for another 8 weeks. Shoot and root biomass, soil aggregation, and carbon and nitrogen content were measured.
The effects of the same MP on both soil and plant properties were drastically different (in size and effect direction) in the different soil types. However, no clear patterns were observed along an increasing number of microplastic types, suggesting that knowing the number of microplastic types in a sample, at equity of overall concentration, does not help predict effects.
In contrast, our findings reveal the complex effects of multiple MPs on the soil–plant system and highlight that soil properties need to be taken into consideration when studying MP effects on terrestrial systems.