bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy of the Lesser Toes: Learning Curve
Authors: Krenn Sabine , Albers Sascha , Bock Peter , Mansfield Clemens , Chraim Michel , Trnka Hans-Joerg 
Published: January 2018

Background. Minimally invasive surgery has a shorter surgical time, and in this study we focus on minimally invasive distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO). The operation seems to be less complex but requires a high learning curve. We report on our first patients to underline the need for extensive training and great awareness for the risks in the early learning stages. Methods. We evaluated 27 patients (mean age = 60.9 years) with a mean follow-up time of 7.2 months. Indication was metatarsalgia, intractable plantar keratosis, and the (sub-)luxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Clinical results were evaluated with the 12-item Short Form (SF-12), Foot Function Index (FFI), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS). Radiographs and pedobarographic analysis were obtained. Results. Scores ranged closely to standard value (AOFAS 88.07 points; FFI 93%; FAAM 36.4 points; SF-12 31.27 points). Pedobarography showed significant differences in several forefoot areas. We encountered nonunion/malunion and necrosis of the metatarsal head. Conclusions. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the need for intensive training before practicing DMMO. Results show that minimally invasive DMMO requires a high learning curve. Correct handling of the burr is associated with a lot of training. Wrong handling can lead to nonunion/malunion or necrosis. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Single-photon emission tomography imaging in patients with Lyme disease treated with human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Shroff Geeta 
Published: January 2018

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in brain perfusion in patients with Lyme disease treated with human embryonic stem cells. Material and methods The study included 59 (age range 41.68 ± 16.37 years) patients with Lyme disease whose single-photon emission tomography imaging was performed before and after the human embryonic stem cell therapy. Technetium-hexa methyl propylene aminoxime single-photon emission tomography imaging was used to assess the hypoperfused lesions/regions in the brain prior to the therapy, as well as the improvement in perfusion after human embryonic stem cell treatment. Results After receiving human embryonic stem cell therapy, single-photon emission tomography imaging reflects a significant (>60%) improvement in 43 patients along with moderate (30–60%) and mild (<30%) improvement in 12 and four patients, respectively. The cerebral perfusion flow improved and the degree of hypoperfusion in the other regions significantly decreased after the human embryonic stem cell therapy. Interpretation of single-photon emission tomography imaging of brain images (before and after therapy) clearly presented the changes in color at various brain regions which represent the improvements in patients. Conclusion Single-photon emission tomography imaging could be used as a potential diagnostic tool to assess the response of Lyme disease patients to human embryonic stem cell therapy.
Injury Recurrence Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Decade of Patterns and Trends, 2005-2006 Through 2015-2016
Authors: Welton K. Linnea , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Bartley Justin H. , McCarty Eric C. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: January 2018

Background: As participation in high school athletics increases, so does the number of adolescents experiencing sports-related injury. Understanding injury patterns is an important component to developing and evaluating prevention and rehabilitation programs. Purpose: To analyze recurrent injury rates and patterns among high school athletes, to compare recurrent injuries with new injuries, and to evaluate injury trends over time. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: High school sports injury data on 24 sports were collected from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 via the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) surveillance system. Injury rates were calculated as number of injuries per 10,000 athletic exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were calculated to compare differences among subgroups. Results: Overall, 78,005 injuries were sustained during 40,195,806 AEs, for an injury rate of 19.41 per 10,000 AEs. Of these, 69,821 (89.5%) were new injuries, and 8184 (10.5%) were recurrent. The ankle was the most commonly injured body part among recurrent injuries, while the head/face was the most common body part that sustained new injuries. Ligament sprains were more often recurrent, while concussions were more commonly diagnosed as new, although concussions represented 16.7% of recurrent injuries. Trends for recurrent injuries over time were relatively stable. The proportion of athletes who had >3 weeks of time loss or medical disqualification (15.8% vs 13.3%; IPR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.26) or who voluntarily withdrew from sport (2.5% vs 1.1%; IPR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.00-2.73) was significantly greater for recurrent injuries than new injuries. Furthermore, a greater proportion of recurrent injuries resulted in surgery (8.1% vs 6.0%; IPR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24-1.46). Conclusion: Although only 10.5% of all injuries were recurrent, they more frequently resulted in missing >3 weeks of playing time and were more often managed surgically when compared with new injuries. The rate of recurrent injuries has not increased over the past decade.
Race- and Income-Related Inequalities in Oral Health in Australian Children by Fluoridation Status
Authors: Do L.G. , Ha D.H. , Roberts-Thomson K.F. , Jamieson L. , Peres M.A. , Spencer A.J. 
Published: January 2018

Inequality in child oral health exists by race and income. Water fluoridation (WF) is effective in caries prevention, but evidence for WF reducing inequality in caries experience is equivocal. This study tested the hypothesis that WF reduces race- and income-related inequality in child caries experience. A cross-sectional national population-based study of child oral health was conducted across 2012 to 2014 for Australian children aged 5 to 14 y, involving a parental questionnaire and an oral epidemiological examination. Children were stratified by fluoridated (F) and nonfluoridated (NF) area of residence, equivalized household income quartiles, and Indigenous and non-Indigenous status. Directly standardized caries experience (measured by the decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces [dmfs/DMFS] in both primary [age 5–10] and permanent dentitions [age 9–14]) was estimated for each stratum accounting for the complex sampling design. Differences in caries experience by Indigenous status and equivalized income quartiles were examined between F and NF strata. Socioeconomic inequality in caries experience was examined using the Absolute Concentration Index (ACI), Slope Index of Inequality (SII), Relative Concentration Index (RCI), and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). A total of 21,328 (86.5%) children had complete data. Caries experience was higher in NF than F strata. Race- and income-related gradients in caries experience were observed in both F and NF areas. All indexes of inequality indicated that caries experience was concentrated among lower income groups. Absolute inequalities were consistently lower in F than in NF areas. For the primary dentition, SII values were −4.18 versus –6.20 in the F and NF areas, respectively. The respective values were −0.60 versus −1.66 for the permanent dentition. Income-related inequality in caries was lower in F than in NF areas for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. WF was associated with lower caries experience and reduced inequality among children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study greatly increase the evidence base that water fluoridation is effective and socially equitable. Dental caries has remained one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in children worldwide. The presented evidence can be used by policy makers and the profession to support the maintenance or expansion of this important public health program to benefit those most at risk of dental caries, the groups at the lowest socioeconomic position in any society.
Copper 64–labeled daratumumab as a PET/CT imaging tracer for multiple myeloma
Authors: Caserta Enrico , Chea Junie , Minnix Megan , Poku Erasmus K. , Viola Domenico , Vonderfecht Steven , Yazaki Paul , Crow Desiree , Khalife Jihane , Sanchez James F. , Palmer Joycelynne M. , Hui Susanta , Carlesso Nadia , Keats Jonathan , Kim Young , Buettner Ralf , Marcucci Guido , Rosen Steven , Shively John , Colcher David , Krishnan Amrita , Pichiorri Flavia 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
Daratumumab conjugated with 64Cu efficiently binds to CD38 on myeloma cells and was mainly detected in the bones of mice. PET/CT based on 64Cu-radiolabeled daratumumab displays a higher resolution and specificity for detecting myeloma than does 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Early and late outcomes after cord blood transplantation for pediatric patients with inherited leukodystrophies
Authors: van den Broek Brigitte T. A. , Page Kristin , Paviglianiti Annalisa , Hol Janna , Allewelt Heather , Volt Fernanda , Michel Gerard , Diaz Miguel Angel , Bordon Victoria , O'Brien Tracey , Shaw Peter J. , Kenzey Chantal , Al-Seraihy Amal , van Hasselt Peter M. , Gennery Andrew R. , Gluckman Eliane , Rocha Vanderson , Ruggeri Annalisa , Kurtzberg Joanne , Boelens Jaap Jan 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
A 6-year overall survival of 61% was observed in leukodystrophy patients after cord blood transplantation. Mismatched cord blood donors, symptomatic disease, and lower PS before cord blood transplantation were predictors of lower survival.
Survival and associated risk factors in patients with diabetes and amputations caused by infectious foot gangrene
Authors: Huang Yu‐Yao , Lin Cheng‐Wei , Yang Hui‐Mei , Hung Shih‐Yuan , Chen I‐Wen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfectious gangrene of the foot is a serious complication of diabetes that usually leads to a certain level of lower‐extremity amputation (LEA). Nevertheless, the long‐term survival and factors associated with mortality in such patients have yet to be elucidated.MethodsA total of 157 patients with type 2 diabetes who received treatment for infectious foot gangrene at a major diabetic foot center in Taiwan from 2002 to 2009 were enrolled, of whom 90 had major LEAs (above the ankle) and 67 had minor LEAs (below the ankle). Clinical data during treatment were used for the analysis of survival and LEA, and survival was tracked after treatment until December 2012.ResultsOf the 157 patients, 109 died, with a median survival time of 3.12 years and 5‐year survival rate of 40%. Age [hazard ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.06)], and major LEA [1.80 (1.05–3.09)] were independent factors associated with mortality. Patients with minor LEAs had a better median survival than those with major LEAs (5.5 and 1.9 years, respectively, P < 0.01). An abnormal ankle‐brachial index was an independent risk factor [odds ratio 3.12 (95% CI 1.18–8.24)] for a poor outcome (major LEA) after adjusting for age, smoking status, hypertension, major adverse cardiac events, and renal function.ConclusionsEfforts to limit amputations below the ankle resulted in better survival of patients with infectious foot gangrene. An abnormal ankle‐brachial index may guide physicians to make appropriate decisions with regards to the amputation level.
People reporting experiences of mediumship have higher dissociation symptom scores than non-mediums, but below thresholds for pathological dissociation
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Radin Dean 
Published: January 2018

Background: Dissociative states exist on a continuum from nonpathological forms, such as highway hypnosis and day-dreaming, to pathological states of derealization and depersonalization. Claims of communication with deceased individuals, known as mediumship, were once regarded as a pathological form of dissociation, but current definitions recognize the continuum and include distress and functional disability as symptoms of pathology. This study examined the relationship between dissociative symptoms and mediumship in a large convenience sample. Methods: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data were conducted. The survey included demographics, the Dissociation Experience Scale Taxon (DES-T, score range 0-100), as well as questions about instances of mediumship experiences. Summary statistics and linear and logistic regressions explored the relationship between dissociative symptoms and mediumship endorsement. Results: 3,023 participants were included and were mostly middle-aged (51 years ± 16; range 17-96), female (70%), Caucasian (85%), college educated (88%), had an annual income over $50,000 (55%), and were raised Christian (71%) but were presently described as Spiritual but not Religious (60%). Mediumship experiences were endorsed by 42% of participants, the experiences usually began in childhood (81%), and 53% had family members who reported similar experiences. The mean DES-T score across all participants was 14.4 ± 17.3, with a mean of 18.2 ± 19.3 for those claiming mediumship experiences and 11.8 ± 15.2 for those who did not (t = -10.3, p < 0.0005). The DES-T threshold score for pathological dissociation is 30. Conclusions: On average, individuals claiming mediumship experiences had higher dissociation scores than non-claimants, but neither group exceeded the DES-T threshold for pathology. Future studies exploring dissociative differences between these groups may benefit from using more comprehensive measures of dissociative symptoms as well as assessments of functional impairment, which would help in discerning between pathological and non-pathological aspects of these experiences.
Miltefosine inhibits Chikungunya virus replication in human primary dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Bhomia Manish , Yeh Tze-Jou , Singh Jay , Maheshwari Radha K. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging pathogen that has caused widespread outbreaks affecting millions of people around the globe. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic drug against CHIKV, with symptomatic treatment only to manage the disease. Pi3-akt signaling has been implicated in infection of several viruses including that of CHIKV. Effect of Pi3-akt signaling inhibitors on CHIKV replication was evaluated in this study. Methods: Human primary dermal fibroblast cells were treated with inhibitors of the Pi3-akt signaling pathway. Suppression of CHIKV replication was evaluated as reduction in virus titer in cell supernatants. Effect of miltefosine (MF) on CHIKV replication was evaluated in pre and post treatment regimen. Inhibition of virus replication was determined by cell growth, virus titer and western blot. Results: Inhibition of Akt-phosphorylation significantly inhibited CHIKV replication. No effect on CHIKV replication was observed after treatment with Pi3-kinase and mTOR activation inhibitors. Further, MF, an FDA-approved Akt-inhibitor, inhibited CHIKV replication in pre- and post-infection treatment regimens. Conclusion: Data suggests that Akt-phosphorylation can be an amenable target of therapy against CHIKV infection. This is the first study to show inhibition of CHIKV replication by MF, and presents a case for further development of MF as an anti-CHIKV drug.
A new voice for midwives
Authors: Henderson Christine 
Published: January 2018

According to Aristotle, midwives need to fulfil several criteria if they are to perform their duties effectively: ‘A midwife should be of middle age, neither too old nor too young, and of good habit of body, not subject to disease, tears or sudden fright, nor are the qualifications assigned to ‘a good surgeon’ improper for a midwife, viz. a lady’s hand, a hawk’s eye and a lion’s heart. She ought to be sober and affable, not subject to passion, but bountiful and compassionate, and her temper cheerful and pleasant… A midwife is the most necessary and honourable office, being indeed, a helper of nature.’ (Aristotle, 384-322 BC).
Book reviews
Authors: Flanders Jane , Allen M Rose , O'Driscoll Muriel , Moore Sue , O'Driscoll Muriel , McDonnell Chery 
Published: January 2018

Introduction to Doppler Spiritual Midwifery (3rd edn) To and Fro Children: A Guide to Successful Parenting After Divorce Life Before Birth: And a Time to be Born Bad Behaviour, Tantrums and Tempers Midwifery Practice: A Research Based Approach
An exploratory study of palliative care in bone marrow transplant patients
Authors: McDonnell Tara , Morris Monica 
Published: January 2018

Quality of life – as opposed to quantity of life – raises important issues for all concerned. The legal and moral issues surrounding death, and our new abilities to delay it, are discussed frequently in the press and in professional journals. It was therefore felt important within an acute bone marrow transplant unit to identify the factors which would be considered important in palliative care for post bone marrow transplant patients, with specific reference to quality of life. A questionnaire was designed to address certain issues surrounding the withdrawal of active treatment for this group of patients. The questionnaire content was derived from past experiences of caring for patients where death was imminent. It focuses on issues relating to patient advocacy, what is perceived as a good quality of life and the psychological implications for all concerned. This paper reports on a small exploratory study which aims to highlight key issues surrounding the withdrawal of active treatment when palliative care and symptom control take precedence.
Facing loss of dreams: a special kind of grief
Authors: Bowman Ted 
Published: January 2018

Loss of dreams refers to grief experiences that do not easily fit into the images which colour an individual's preconceived ideas of life. The notion encompasses the loss of the imagined future as well as the loss of assumptions. For many persons receiving palliative care, and their families, attention to loss of dreams can be necessary before new dreams can be created and pursued, whereas grieving the old dream can be essential for acceptance, healing or recovery. This paper will consider some of the perspectives on – and strategies of response useful to – palliative care.
The Japanese pilgrimage: not begun
Authors: Maruyama Teresa C 
Published: January 2018

The modern Western hospice philosophy, with its Christian background, has tried to create a metaphorical connection between cancer patients and medieval pilgrims which implies an active attitude to an individual responsibility for pain, life and death – as one carries one's ‘own cross’. This approach is not strictly relevant to Japanese people, because their culture emphasises a family or community responsibility for – and sharing of – the matter of each person's life and death, and passive acceptance of death and pain. This paper seeks to reveal the cultural differences between the Western and Japanese hospice movements in relation to the pilgrim-cancer patient metaphor, and the difficulties in bringing the Western hospice concept to Japan. The research also examines the possibility of how Japan might utilise some of the features of hospice care for its people without contaminating its own culture.
Measuring Teachers’ Assessment for Learning (AfL) Classroom Practices in Elementary Schools
Authors: Lysaght Zita , O’Leary Michael , Ludlow Larry 
Published: January 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">Assessment for Learning (AfL) may be conceptualized as minute-to-minute, day-by-day interactions between learners and teachers with the improvement of learning as the principal focus. This paper traces the development of an AfL measurement instrument (scale) that can be used for research purposes prior to, during and following professional development in the area. Rasch measurement procedures were applied to data drawn from a convenience sample of 594 teachers from 44 elementary schools in Ireland to create a scale consisting of 20 items distributed across four key AfL assessment strategies: learning intentions and success criteria, questioning and classroom discussion, feedback, and peer-and self-assessment. This scale, the Assessment for Learning Measurement instrument (AfLMi), has good psychometric properties and is interpretable in a way that makes it potentially useful during system wide improvement initiatives focused on AfL.</p>
Examining Mathematics Classroom Interactions: Elevating Student Roles in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Kent Laura 
Published: January 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">This article introduces a model entitled, “Responsive Teaching through Problem Posing” or RTPP, that addresses a type of reform oriented mathematics teaching based on posing relevant problems, positioning students as experts of mathematics, and facilitating discourse. RTPP incorporates decades of research on students’ thinking in mathematics and more recent research on responsive teaching practices. Two classroom case studies are presented. A high school unit on functions is explored utilizing individual research on the part of the teacher to enact RTPP lessons. A middle school teacher enacts a RTPP lesson on proportions and utilizes this model to bridge students’ incorrect additive reasoning strategies with correct multiplicative reasoning strategies. The results showed that both teachers were able to elevate students’ roles in classroom discussions through implementation of RTPP. Individual research conducted by the high school teacher informed his RTPP approach while participation in professional development sessions with a classroom embedded component influenced the middle school teacher’s enactment of RTPP lessons. Both teachers used specific teacher moves within RTPP to relinquish their role as mathematics experts in order to elevate their students’ roles in classroom discussions. The RTPP cycle is offered as a potential model for studying mathematics teaching and learning across a variety of secondary mathematics classrooms.</p>
Wound closure expectations after fasciotomy for paediatric compartment syndrome
Authors: Shirley E. D. , Mai V. , Neal K. M. , Kiebzak G. M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Acute compartment syndrome often requires additional surgery to achieve wound closure. Little information exists regarding the expected number of surgeries, techniques and complications after closure in paediatric patients. Methods A retrospective chart review identified patients treated for acute compartment syndrome at four hospitals over a ten-year period. The cause of injury, type of dressing, number of surgeries, type of closure and complications were recorded. Results In all, 32 patients (mean 10.9 years, 1 to 17) who underwent 18 lower and 14 upper extremity fasciotomies met inclusion criteria. Definitive wound closure technique was delayed primary in 72%, split thickness skin graft in 25%, and primary in 3% of patients. Closure required a mean 2.4 surgeries (0 to 4) over a mean 7.7 days (0 to 34). Days to closure and number of surgeries required were not significantly affected by mechanism of injury, fasciotomy location or type of dressing used. A total of 23.1% of patients with upper extremity and 0% with lower extremity fasciotomies had concerns about the scar appearance. Other complications included neurapraxia (6.7%), stiffness (6.7%), swelling (3.3%), scar pain (3.3%) and weakness (3.3%). Conclusions The most common complication after paediatric compartment syndrome is an unpleasant scar. Wound closure after upper or lower extremity fasciotomies in paediatric patients requires a split thickness skin graft in approximately one in four patients. However, avoiding a skin graft does not guarantee the absence of cosmetic concerns, which are more likely following upper extremity fasciotomies. Level of Evidence IV