bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Health Communication Strategies in Nursing: A Mixed Methods Study of Internet, mHealth, and Social Media Versus Traditional Methods
Authors: Hamarash Mariwan Qadir , Ibrahim Radhwan , Yaas Marghoob Hussein , Abdulghani Mohammed Faris , Al Mushhadany Osama 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Effective communication is vital in health care, especially for nursing students who are the future of health care delivery. In Iraq’s nursing education landscape, characterized by challenges such as resource constraints and infrastructural limitations, understanding communication modalities is crucial.

Objective
This mixed methods study conducted in 2 nursing colleges aims to explore and compare the effectiveness of health communication on the web, through mobile health (mHealth) applications, and via social media among nursing students in Iraq. The research addresses a gap in understanding communication modalities specific to Iraq and explores the perspectives, experiences, and challenges faced by nursing students.

Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (n=30), and a structured survey was distributed to a larger sample (n=300) representing diverse educational programs. The study used a nuanced approach to gather insights into the preferences and usage patterns of nursing students regarding communication modalities. The study was conducted between January 12, 2023, and May 5, 2023.

Results
Qualitative findings highlighted nursing students’ reliance on the web for educational materials, the significant role of mHealth applications in clinical skill development, and the emergence of social media platforms as community-building tools. Quantitative results revealed high-frequency web use (276/300, 92%) for educational purposes, regular mHealth application usage (204/300, 68%) in clinical settings, and active engagement on social media platforms (240/300, 80%). Traditional methods such as face-to-face interactions (216/300, 72%) and practical experiences (255/300, 85%) were preferred for developing essential skills.

Conclusions
The study underscores nursing students’ preference for an integrated approach, recognizing the complementary strengths of traditional and digital methods. Challenges include concerns about information accuracy and ethical considerations in digital spaces. The findings emphasize the need for curriculum adjustments that seamlessly integrate diverse communication modalities to create a dynamic learning environment. Educators play a crucial role in shaping this integration, emphasizing the enduring value of face-to-face interactions and practical experiences while harnessing the benefits of digital resources. Clear guidelines on professional behavior online are essential. Overall, the study expands the understanding of communication modalities among nursing students in Iraq and provides valuable insights for health care education stakeholders globally.
Calculating Optimal Patient to Nursing Capacity: Comparative Analysis of Traditional and New Methods
Authors: Ware Anna , Blumke Terri , Hoover Peter , Arreola David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Optimal nurse staffing levels have been shown to impact patients’ prognoses and safety, as well as staff burnout. The predominant method for calculating staffing levels has been patient-to-nurse (P/N) ratios and nursing hours per patient day. However, both methods fall short of addressing the dynamic nature of staffing needs that often fluctuate throughout the day as patients’ clinical status changes and new patients are admitted or discharged from the unit.

Objective
In this evaluation, the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) piloted a new dynamic bed count calculation in an effort to target optimal staffing levels every hour to provide greater temporal resolution on nurse staffing levels within the Veterans Health Administration.

Methods
The dynamic bed count uses elements from both the nursing hours per patient day and P/N ratio to calculate current and target staffing levels, every hour, while balancing across nurse types (registered nurses to nurse assistants) to provide improved temporal insight into staff allocation. The dynamic bed count was compared with traditional P/N ratio methods of calculating patient capacity at the VAPAHCS, to assess optimal patient capacity within their acute care ward from January 1, 2023, through May 25, 2023. Descriptive statistics summarized patient capacity variables across the intensive care unit (ICU), medical-surgical ICU, and 3 acute care units. Student t tests (2-tailed) were used to analyze differences between patient capacity measures.

Results
Hourly analysis of patient capacity information displayed how the dynamic bed count provided improved temporal resolution on patient capacity. Comparing the dynamic bed count to the P/N ratio, we found the patient capacity, as determined by the P/N ratio, was, on average, higher than that of the dynamic bed count across VAPAHCS acute care units and the medical-surgical ICU (P<.001). For example, in acute care unit 3C, the average dynamic bed count was 21.6 (SD 4.2) compared with a P/N ratio of 28.6 (SD 3.2). This suggests that calculating patient capacity using P/N ratios alone could lead to units taking on more patients than what the dynamic bed count suggests the unit can optimally handle.

Conclusions
As a new patient capacity calculation, the dynamic bed count provided additional details and timely information about clinical staffing levels, patient acuity, and patient turnover. Implementing this calculation into the management process has the potential to empower departments to further optimize staffing and patient care.
Development of a Tablet-Based Outpatient Care Application for People With Dementia: Interview and Workshop Study
Authors: Supplieth Juliana , Lech Sonia , O’Sullivan Julie Lorraine , Spang Robert , Voigt-Antons Jan‐Niklas , Schuster Johanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Dementia management presents a significant challenge for individuals affected by dementia, as well as their families, caregivers, and health care providers. Digital applications may support those living with dementia; however only a few dementia-friendly applications exist.

Objective
This paper emphasizes the necessity of considering multiple perspectives to ensure the high-quality development of supportive health care applications. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating input from stakeholders and the needs of affected families into application development.

Method
A qualitative approach was chosen, consisting of three interviews and an expert workshop. The interviews and the workshop were recorded and transcribed, and qualitative content analysis was carried out according to the methodology described by Kuckartz with the support of MAXQDA.

Results
During the development phases of the application, team meetings and discussions took place. We found that general practitioners and family caregivers play pivotal roles in the treatment and care of people with dementia, often expressing specific preferences and suggestions regarding supportive and assistive technologies. Moreover, the successful development of a useful tablet application requires robust scientific and multidisciplinary discussions and teamwork within the health care community.

Conclusion
This paper underscores the necessity of including multiple scientific, clinical, and technical perspectives to ensure the high-quality development of supportive health care applications. Furthermore, adopting a spiral development approach inclusive of feedback loops is imperative for iterative refinement and enhancement of the application.
Muramyl peptide blend ameliorates intestinal inflammation and barrier integrity in cell culture model
Authors: Masiuk D.M. , Nedzvetsky V.S. 
Published: September 2024

Background. The intestinal barrier is a crucial structure for maintaining the balance in permeability of digested food and restriction of microbial invasion from internal environment. Imbalance in these functions closely related to the initiation of intestinal epithelium reactivity and inflammation. Inflammation is the most common cause of intestinal dysfunction. Muramyl peptides (MPs) are small signaling molecules which stimulate intracellular receptors of pathogens and are potent regulators of cell response. However, molecular mechanisms of MP effect on intestinal cells remain unknown. The study of MP application to maintain viability of Caco-2 cells was aimed to explore the cytoprotective effect of MP-based probiotic on gut inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity. Materials and methods. Caco-2 cells were treated with 10–100 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 5–50 µg/ml MPs and combination of LPS + MPs. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay. Occludin content was detected with Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to assess interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. Results. Obtained results have shown that LPS treatment with doses of 10–100 µg/ml induced in a decrease in cell viability and occludin content. On the contrary, IL-8 content was increased in LPS treatment that evidence the dose-dependent proinflammatory changes in Caco-2 cells. No significant changes were detected in the cells exposed to 5–50 µg/ml doses of MPs. However, application of 50 µg/ml of MPs inhibited IL-8 upregulation in LPS-exposed cells. Besides, MPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytoprotective effect in respect to cell viability at a dose of 20 and 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, MP dose of 50 µg/ml helped restore occludin content in LPS-exposed cells. Conclusions. Taking into the account that occludin is one of major components of tight junctions, MPs can restore epithelial barrier integrity in compromised gut. Observed results demonstrated that MPs is a promising agent in inflammation-induced intestinal injury and maintaining gut barrier function.
Features of the claudin 1 and 7 expression in the mucous membrane of the large intestine in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease and acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Dorohavtseva H.A. , Dorofieiev A.E. , Dyadyk O.O. , Myroshnychenko M.S. , Bibichenko V.O. 
Published: September 2024

Background. Diverticular disease is one of the most common gastrointestinal pathologies, which mainly damages the large intestine and is manifested morphologically by the formation of sac-like protrusions (diverticula) of the intestinal wall. Today, the etiopathogenesis of diverticular disease remains debatable and needs to be fully understood. Changes in the claudin expression in the colonic mucosa and, accordingly, their structural instability may play a certain role in the development of both diverticular disease and its complications. The study aimed to determine the features of claudin 1 and 7 expression in the colonic mucosa of patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) and acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD). Materials and methods. Fragments of the colonic mucosa of 12 individuals without gastrointestinal pathology (group 1), biopsies of the colo­nic mucosa from the diverticular orifice of 34 patients with SUDD (group 2) and 26 patients with AUD (group 3) were analyzed. An immunohistochemical study used rabbit polyclonal antibodies to claudins 1 and 7. The PAST program was applied to process digi­tal indicators. The average indicators in groups were compared using the Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. A comprehensive morphological study revealed a decrease in the expression of claudins 1 and 7 in the colonic mucosa of patients with SUDD and AUD, more pronounced in those with AUD. In the large intestine mucosa of people without gastrointestinal pathology and patients with SUDD and AUD, firstly, the content of claudins 1 and 7 was higher in the surface epithelium compared to the epithelium of the intestinal glands, secondly, the content of claudin 1 predominated over claudin 7 content. Conclusions. The detected changes in claudin 1 and 7 expression in the colonic mucosa biopsies may underlie the development of diverticular disease and its complications.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of Piperacillin and Tazobactum at a Tertiary Care Center in Hyderabad, India.
Authors: Jagarlamudi Anup , Vishali A.J. , Venkatesh S. , Shivani P. , Sailaja M. , Swapna K. 
Published: September 2024

Drug use evaluation is an ongoing, systematic, criteria-based program of medicine evaluations that will help ensure appropriate medicine use. If therapy is determined to be inappropriate, interventions with providers or patients will be necessary to optimize pharmaceutical therapy. Empirical therapy forms the basis of treatment in India mostly and it is the responsibility of DTC (Drugs and therapeutics committee) to organize a DUE study and adopt suitable protocol for controlling irrational drug use. In our study we have developed a data collection form based upon WHO guidelines for conducting a DUE study on piperacillin and tazobactum use evaluation. To assess the usage of piperacillin and tazobactum at a tertiary care center Hyderabad compared to the indications for piperacillin and tazobactum use and standard treatment guidelines and provide recommendations to improve rational use of piperacillin and tazobactum at these hospitals and reduce the development of further antibiotic resistance, prevent ADRs associated with the drug, and to reduce the economic burden on the patient with inappropriate use. For conducting the evaluation process we had followed the standard guide lines formulated by WHO. The gender distributions of casesheets were male- 42, female- 23. Indication wise the distribution of case sheets were mostly treated for surgical prophylaxis, prophylaxis and infections. Out of 65 cases 65 (99%) has met the established criteria, they are as per STGs. Illness most frequently treated with piperacillin and tazobactum is ckd with acute deterioration (29.23%). The minimum number of days of treatment was 3 day and the maximum number of days of treatment was 14days. All patient folders evaluated with regards to HD, SEPTIC SHOCK, PNEMOMEDIATINM etc were found to meet the standard criteria appropriate for piperacillin and tazobactum use with respect to dose, and dose frequency. However, in the case of dose duration the evaluation was found to be largely inappropriate for all the justified indications.
Sensitive and Rapid determination of Trientine and N1-Acetyl Trientine in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS for bioequivalence study
Authors: Nair Sheeba , Dasandi Bhavesh , Parmar Dharmesh , Shivprakash , , Karia Denish 
Published: September 2024

A simple and robust method for simultaneous determination of Trientine and N1-Acetyl Trientine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from 200 μL plasma by liquid phase extraction. Chromatographic analysis was carried out on column Xtimate, C18 (4.6 x 50 mm) 5 μm with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, at 40˚C temperature. An isocratic elution method was applied using (A) Acetonitrile - 80% and (B) 10mM Ammonium Acetate in water - 20%. Detection and quantitation was done by multiple reactions monitoring in positive ionization with Q3 LCMS-8050, Shimadzu. Mass parameters 1035.45/1030.55 m/z and 855.15/859.50 m/z on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were chosen for analysis of Trientine and N1-Acetyl Trientine. Linearity was established in human plasma covering the concentration range 10.009 ng/mL to 1000.571 ng/mL for Trientine and 10.009 ng/mL to 1000.628 ng/mL for N1-Acetyl Trientine. Correlation coefficient was consistently greater than 0.99 for Trientine and N1-Acetyl Trientine using Trientine-D4 and N1-Acetyl Trientine Trihydrochloride D4 as internal standards. Different parameters such as linearity, range, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were used for a full validation of this method. The results were found to be acceptable as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), CDER, EMA1,2,3,4,5. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to estimate Trientine and N1-Acetyl Trientine in a bioequivalence study in healthy human volunteers. Assay reproducibility was checked by reanalysis of samples near the Cmax and the elimination phase in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug.
Keywords: Trientine and N1-Acetyl Trientine, LC-MS/MS, Validation, ICH.
Two-tailed fancy goldfish challenged with Bacteroides spp. isolated from shubunkin goldfish
Authors: Reyes Alvin T 
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to isolate, morpho-biochemically characterize and identify the most common bacterium in diseased shubunkin goldfish, and challenge the two-tailed fancy goldfish using the identified bacterium. With the aid of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, the bacterium was identified as Bacteroides spp. The bacterium was characterized as follows: Gram-negative, coccobacillus, facultative anaerobe, hemolytic, glucose and sucrose fermentative but not lactose and xylose, negative to catalase, Methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and hydrogen sulphide production tests, and positive to Simmon’s citrate utilization, liquefaction of gelatin, nitrate reduction, urea hydrolysis and indole production. Two-tailed goldfish challenged with Bacteroides spp. showed clinical signs such as gasping for air, irritability, sloughing of scale, lesion and watery internal organs.
Keywords: Shubunkin goldfish, two-tailed goldfish, biochemical tests, Bacteroides
Colorimetric method for determination of corticosteroids by UV Visible Spectroscopy and its application to Ayurvedic formulations
Authors: Salomi P. , Sucharitha B. , Swathi T. , Hemalatha P. , Ravivarma K. , Venkata Ramana A. , Ravindra Reddy K. 
Published: September 2024

Usage of herbomineral preparations increased drastically these days. Some of the Ayurvedic formulations are been adulterated with steroids. Usage of such formulations can be injurious to health. Hence an attempt has been made to identify and determine steroids in both Ayurvedic and pharmaceutical formulations. In the present study a simple, sensitive and economical visible spectroscopic method has been used which involves the oxidation of corticosteroids by iron(III) and subsequent complexation of iron(II) with potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), forming bluish green colored complex having the maximum absorbance at 780 nm. The method has been applied for the determination of corticosteroids in Ayurvedic formulations. The method has been statistically validated in which the Standard deviation ranging from 0.0008 to 0.0135,Relative standard deviation from 0.08% to 1.35% and Standard error was varying from 0.0018 to 0.0060 for selected Ayurvedic formulations. The studies have shown that the method is fast, reproducible and accurate and can be used in the analysis of marketed formulations. The processed samples were stable up to 2 hours minimizing the error in terms of fluctuating absorbance values.
Role of naturally isolated pear starch on the bioavailability of famotidine
Authors: Kushwaha Anjali , Singh Pratap Manjul 
Published: September 2024

Purpose- The bioavailability of any drug in the formulation is affected by various excipients presents in it. In case of tablets the role of binders is very important for dissolution of dosage form as well as bioavailability of drug. Thus in following study an attempt is made to improve the dissolution of drug by using pear starch as binding agents. The starch was extracted from the Pear fruits and used as a binder in different concentrations, in famotidine tablets and then evaluate them.
Methods-The tablets were formulated by wet granulation method by using 2% w/v, 4% w/v, 6% w/v and 8% w/v of pear starch as binding agent. Then formulated famotidine tablets were further evaluated for various parameters i.e. weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and in-vitro drug release and in vivo study.
Results-The hardness and disintegration time of the tablets was found to be increased with increase in starch concentration. Tablets with highest binder concentration showed maximum hardness 6.5 kg) and disintegration time (10 min) and minimum friability (0.48%). After one hour tablets with 4% w/v starch showed maximum drug release (80.69%). The optimized formulation then go for in vivo study, shows better bioavailability as compares to marketed one. Hence isolated starch shows increase in the dissolution and bioavailability, when used as binder in tablet formulations.
Conclusions- The results from various evaluations show that pear starch has significant binding characteristics. Hence it can be used as tablet binder in pharmaceutical formulations for future aspects.
Keywords: Starch, binder, tablets, in-vitro dissolution, famotidine
A review on efficacy and tolerability of tea tree oil for acne
Authors: Ahmad Shamshad , Afsana , , Popli Harvinder 
Published: September 2024

Acne is common problem acquired generally after puberty. It ranges from mild to moderate: papules, pustules, nodules to severe cyst. Various natural therapy can be employed for treatment of acne including Tea tree oil (TTO). Tea tree oil has wide spectrum anti-microbial agent showing in treatment of acne. Usually it is utilized in various topical preparations. It contains more than 80-90% monoterpenes namely terpinen-4-ol, -cymene, α-terpinene, limonene 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, terpinolene, 1,8-cineol, sabinene and α-pinene, The European cosmetic Association recommended not more than 1% use of tea tree oil in cosmetic preparations. In this review, we listed various efficacy and tolerability studies along with challenges in application of tea tree oil in cosmetics and dermatological preparations. TTO is a moderate sensitizer and upon oxidation it increases in its allergenic potency. This is a comprehensive review of using Tea tree oil against various microbial species. Various studies revealed the use of TTO as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti- oxidant agent. TTO is effective treatment option that can further be utilized in preparation of novel formulations like liposomes, ethosomes along with combination with other anti-microbial and anti-oxidant agents.
Keywords: Acne, Tea-tree oil, Application, Antioxidant, Nano particles.