bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas emissions from domestic hot water: heat pumps compared to most commonly used systems
Authors: Hong Bongghi , Howarth Robert W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe estimate the emissions of the two most important greenhouse gasses (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), from the use of modern high‐efficiency heat pump water heaters compared to the most commonly used domestic hot water systems: natural gas storage tanks, tankless natural gas demand heaters, electric resistance storage tanks, and tankless electric resistance heaters. We considered both natural gas‐powered electric plants and coal‐powered plants as the source of the electricity for the heat pumps, the thermal electric storage tanks, and the tankless electric demand heaters. The time‐integrated radiative forcing associated with using a heat pump water heater was always smaller than any other means of heating water considered in this study across all time frames including at 20 and 100 years. The estimated amount of CH4 lost during its lifecycle was the most critical factor determining the relative magnitude of the climatic impact. The greatest net climatic benefit within the 20‐year time frame was predicted to be achieved when a storage natural gas water heater (the most common system for domestic hot water in the United States) fueled by shale gas was replaced with a high efficiency heat pump water heater powered by coal‐generated electricity; the heat pump system powered by renewable electricity would have had an even greater climatic benefit, but was not explicitly modeled in this study. Our analysis provides the first assessment of the GHG footprint associated with using a heat pump water heater, which we demonstrate to be an effective and economically viable way of reducing emissions of GHGs.
Beach–dune sediment budgets and dune morphodynamics following coastal dune restoration, Wickaninnish Dunes, Canada
Authors: Darke Ian B. , Walker Ian J. , Hesp Patrick A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe results from three years of surveying and monitoring a dynamic foredune and dunefield restoration effort on Vancouver Island, Canada is presented. Complete removal of foredune vegetation occurred in three phases spaced a year apart in an effort to control invasive Ammophila spp. The collection of airborne LiDAR, orthophotographs, and bi‐monthly topographic surveys provided a means to quantify and examine sediment budgets and geomorphic responses. Three survey swaths, corresponding with each phase of vegetation removal, were established to provide detailed topographic coverage over the impacted beach, foredune, and dunefield landscape units. The swath corresponding with the first phase of removal recorded a positive sediment budget of 1·3 m3 m−2 after three years. A control swath, with data collected for a year prior and two years following removal, exhibited a distinct pulse of sediment delivery into the dunefield unit with a maximum gain of 0·03 m3 m−2 pre‐removal compared to 0·11 m3 m−2 post‐removal. Vegetation analysis zones, associated with each of the three swaths, demonstrate a range of vegetation responses due to variation in the vegetation removal and subsequent re‐invasion or removal methods employed. The first site to be cleared of vegetation, received ongoing invasive re‐growth control, and three years following removal vegetation cover dropped from 57% in 2009 to 13% in 2012 (−44%). An adjacent site was cleared of vegetation two years later (only one year of recovery) but experienced rapid Ammophila re‐invasion and percent cover changed from 61% in 2009 to 26% in 2012 (−35%). The data presented provides insights for improving the application of sediment budget monitoring in dynamic restorations and discusses the potential for detailed spatial–temporal survey data to improve our understanding of meso‐scale landscape morphodynamics following foredune disturbance. Overall, the vegetation removal treatments reduced the extent of invasive grass and increased dunefield mobility and dynamic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal brain activation and connectivity to standardized disorder‐related visual scenes in social anxiety disorder
Authors: Heitmann Carina Yvonne , Feldker Katharina , Neumeister Paula , Zepp Britta Maria , Peterburs Jutta , Zwitserlood Pienie , Straube Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOur understanding of altered emotional processing in social anxiety disorder (SAD) is hampered by a heterogeneity of findings, which is probably due to the vastly different methods and materials used so far. This is why the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated immediate disorder‐related threat processing in 30 SAD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) with a novel, standardized set of highly ecologically valid, disorder‐related complex visual scenes. SAD patients rated disorder‐related as compared with neutral scenes as more unpleasant, arousing and anxiety‐inducing than HC. On the neural level, disorder‐related as compared with neutral scenes evoked differential responses in SAD patients in a widespread emotion processing network including (para‐)limbic structures (e.g. amygdala, insula, thalamus, globus pallidus) and cortical regions (e.g. dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and precuneus). Functional connectivity analysis yielded an altered interplay between PCC/precuneus and paralimbic (insula) as well as cortical regions (dmPFC, precuneus) in SAD patients, which emphasizes a central role for PCC/precuneus in disorder‐related scene processing. Hyperconnectivity of globus pallidus with amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) additionally underlines the relevance of this region in socially anxious threat processing. Our findings stress the importance of specific disorder‐related stimuli for the investigation of altered emotion processing in SAD. Disorder‐related threat processing in SAD reveals anomalies at multiple stages of emotion processing which may be linked to increased anxiety and to dysfunctionally elevated levels of self‐referential processing reported in previous studies. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1559‐1572, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic Evaluation in Global Perspective: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Recent Literature
Authors: Pitt Catherine , Goodman Catherine , Hanson Kara 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present a bibliometric analysis of recently published full economic evaluations of health interventions and reflect critically on the implications of our findings for this growing field. We created a database drawing on 14 health, economic, and/or general literature databases for articles published between 1 January 2012 and 3 May 2014 and identified 2844 economic evaluations meeting our criteria. We present findings regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and added value of searches in the different databases. We examine the distribution of publications between countries, regions, and health areas studied and compare the relative volume of research with disease burden. We analyse authors' country and institutional affiliations, journals and journal type, language, and type of economic evaluation conducted. More than 1200 economic evaluations were published annually, of which 4% addressed low‐income countries, 4% lower‐middle‐income countries, 14% upper‐middle‐income countries, and 83% high‐income countries. Across country income levels, 53, 54, 86, and 100% of articles, respectively, included an author based in a country within the income level studied. Biomedical journals published 74% of economic evaluations. The volume of research across health areas correlates more closely with disease burden in high‐income than in low‐income and middle‐income countries. Our findings provide an empirical basis for further study on methods, research prioritization, and capacity development in health economic evaluation.
Insight into the role of histidine in RNR motif of protein component of RNase P of M. tuberculosis in catalysis
Authors: Singh Alla , Ramteke Anup K. , Afroz Tariq , Batra Janendra K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRNase P, a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease, is involved in the 5′ end processing of pre‐tRNAs, with its RNA component being the catalytic subunit. It is an essential enzyme. All bacterial RNase Ps have one RNA and one protein component. A conserved RNR motif in bacterial RNase P protein components is involved in their interaction with the RNA component. In this work, we have reconstituted the RNase P of M. tuberculosis in vitro and investigated the role of a histidine in the RNR motif in its catalysis. We expressed the protein and RNA components of mycobacterial RNase P in E. coli, purified them, and reconstituted the holoenzyme in vitro. The histidine in RNR motif was mutated to alanine and asparagine by site‐directed mutagenesis. The RNA component alone showed activity on pre‐tRNAala substrate at high magnesium concentrations. The RNA and protein components associated together to manifest catalytic activity at low magnesium concentrations. The histidine 67 in the RNR motif of M. tuberculosis RNase P protein component was found to be important for the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme. Generally, the RNase P of M. tuberculosis functions like other bacterial enzymes. The histidine in the RNR motif of M. tuberculosis appears to be able to substitute optimally for asparagine found in the majority of the protein components of other bacterial RNase P enzymes. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(3):178–189, 2016
Effect of glycerol concentrations on the mechanical properties of additive manufactured porous calcium polyphosphate structures for bone substitute applications
Authors: Sheydaeian Esmat , Vlasea Mihaela , Woo Ami , Pilliar Robert , Hu Eugene , Toyserkani Ehsan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article addresses the effects of glycerol (GLY) concentrations on the mechanical properties of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) bone substitute structures manufactured using binder jetting additive manufacturing. To achieve this goal, nine types of water‐based binder solutions were prepared with 10, 12.5, and 15 wt % GLY liquid‐binding agent, mixed, respectively, with 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt % ethylene glycol diacetate (EGD) flow enhancer. The print quality of each of the solutions was established quantitatively using an image processing algorithm. The print quality analysis narrowed down the solutions to three batches containing 1.5 wt % EGD and variable amount of GLY. These solutions were used to manufacture porous CPP bone substitute samples, which were characterized physically to determine shrinkage, porosity, microstructure, and compression strength. The 12.5 wt % GLY, 1.5 wt % EGD solution resulted in the highest mechanical strength after sintering (34.6 ± 5.8 MPa), illustrating similar mechanical properties when compared to previous studies (33.9 ± 6.3 MPa) of additively manufactured CPP bone substitutes using a commercially available binder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 828–835, 2017.
Clinical, mechanical, and immunohistopathological effects of tissue adhesives on the colon: An in‐vivo study
Authors: Vakalopoulos Konstantinos A. , Wu Zhouqiao , Kroese Leonard F. , van der Horst Paul H. , Lam King H. , Dodou Dimitra , Jeekel Johannes J. , Lange Johan F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundTissue adhesives may be useful for sealing bowel anastomoses by preventing anastomotic leakage. Prior to clinical implementation, an in‐depth analysis of the clinical and immunohistopathological effects of tissue adhesives on the target tissue and of the mechanical strength of the adhesive bond in an in vivo model is needed.Materials and methodsIn 84 rats, two bowel segments were glued using one of the following tissue adhesive: Bioglue, Gelatin‐resorcinol‐formaldehyde (GRF), Glubran 2, Histoacryl Flex, Omnex, Duraseal Xact, or Tissucol. Rats were followed for 7 or 28 days. Endpoints were clinical complication rate, mechanical strength, and immunohistopathological reactions.ResultsOf the seven tissue adhesives, GRF and Bioglue showed the highest rates of bowel wall destruction and ileus and the most severe immunohistopathological tissue reactions at 7 and 28 days. Cyanoacrylates (Histoacryl Flex, Omnex, Glubran 2) showed high mechanical strength and mild immunohistopathological reactions at 7 and 28 days. Duraseal Xact and Tissucol were the most inert tissue adhesives, but exhibited low mechanical strength. At 28 days, mechanical strength was significantly correlated to CD8, CD68, and Ki67 cell counts.ConclusionBased on the clinical and immunohistopathological outcomes, GRF and Bioglue were found to be the least suitable tissue adhesives for colonic use. Duraseal Xact and Tissucol were inert but also showed low mechanical strength. Cyanoacrylates exhibited mild clinical and immunohistopathological effects while maintaining high strength, which makes them promising as colonic sealants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 846–854, 2017.
Coexistence of Aflatoxicosis with Protein Malnutrition Worsens Hepatic Oxidative Damage in Rats
Authors: Rotimi Oluwakemi A. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Oluwafemi Flora , Ademuyiwa Oladipo , Balogun Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effects of the coexistence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and protein malnutrition in rat liver, weanling rats were fed either normal protein diet (20% protein), low‐protein (PEM) diet (5%), normal protein diet + 40 ppb AFB1, or low‐protein diet + 40 ppb AFB1. After 8 weeks, biomarkers of hepatic functions and oxidative stress, caspase‐3 activity, and tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) were determined spectrophotometrically. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR) was employed to determine genomic alterations among the groups. Coexistence of aflatoxicosis and PEM significantly decreased glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, while it increased peroxidase and catalase. RAPD‐PCR showed genomic alterations that were associated with significant increases in p53 level and caspase‐3 activity in rats fed PEM diet + AFB1. In conclusion, the coexistence of aflatoxicosis and protein malnutrition induced oxidative stress with concomitant genomic alterations in the liver of weanling rats.
A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Creativity in Inter‐Organizational Teams
Authors: Gu Jibao , Chen Zhi , Huang Qian , Liu Hefu , Huang Shenglan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn inter‐organizational team, which consists of diverse members from different organizations to conduct an initiative, has been widely treated as a critical method to improve organizational innovation. This study proposes a multilevel model to test the relationship between shared leadership and creativity at both team‐ and individual level in the context of inter‐organizational teams. Multisource data were collected from 53 inter‐organizational teams. We obtain the following findings: first, shared leadership is positively related to both team creativity and individual creativity via knowledge sharing. Second, task interdependence positively moderates the relationship between shared leadership and knowledge sharing. Third, task interdependence positively moderates the relationship between knowledge sharing and team creativity, but does not moderate the relationship between knowledge sharing and individual creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Temperature effect on triacylglycerol species in seed oil from high stearic sunflower lines with different genetic backgrounds
Authors: Izquierdo Natalia G , Martínez‐Force Enrique , Garcés Rafael , Aguirrezábal Luis AN , Zambelli Andrés , Reid Roberto 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study characterized the influence of temperature during grain filling on the saturated fatty acid distribution in triacylglycerol molecules from high stearic sunflower lines with different genetic backgrounds. Two growth chamber experiments were conducted with day/night temperatures of 16/16, 26/16, 26/26 and 32/26 °C.RESULTSIn all genotypes, independently of the genetic background, higher temperatures increased palmitic and oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations. Increasing night temperature produced an increase in saturated‐unsaturated‐saturated species, indicating a more symmetrical distribution of saturated fatty acids. The solid fat index was more affected by temperature during grain filling in lines with high linoleic than high oleic background. Higher variations in symmetry among night temperatures were observed in lines with high oleic background, which are more stable in fatty acid composition.CONCLUSIONThe effect of temperature on triacylglycerol composition is not completely explained by its effect on fatty acid composition. Thus night temperature affects oil properties via its effects on fatty acid synthesis and on the distribution of fatty acids in the triacylglycerol molecules. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Parkinson's Impulse‐Control Scale for the Severity Rating of Impulse‐Control Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease: A Semistructured Clinical Assessment Tool
Authors: Okai David , Askey‐Jones Sally , Mack Joel , Martin Anne , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Samuel Michael , David Anthony S. , Brown Richard G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundImpulse‐control behaviors (ICBs) are increasingly recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD) as drug‐related effects of dopaminergic mediation that occur in 15% to 35% of patients with PD. The authors describe the design and evaluation of a new, clinician‐rated severity scale for the assessment of syndromal and subsyndromal forms of impulse‐control disorders (ICDs), simple (punding) and complex (hobbyism) repetitive behaviors, and compulsive overuse of medication (dopamine dysregulation syndrome).MethodsThe Parkinson's Impulse‐Control Scale (PICS), the first PD‐specific, semistructured interview to cover the full range of PD‐related ICBs, is described along with initial evidence on its clinimetric properties including interrater reliability, discriminant validity and sensitivity to change. A convenience sample of PD patients with ICBs and those without were administered a semistructured interview (n = 92).ResultsThe scale distinguished between those with and without clinically detected ICBs and between patients with syndromal ICD and subsyndromal ICB (receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve, 92%–95%). Cutoff values were suggested, and substantial agreement was reported on weighted kappa (Κ) values for clinician‐clinician rating of severity (Κ = 0.92). Significant improvements were detected on the scale after a randomized controlled trial of cognitive‐behavioral therapy and medication adjustment (t[22] = 5.47; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe PICS appears to be a reliable measure of the full range of PD ICBs with good levels of interrater reliability. It may provide a useful measure to assess the severity of ICBs and monitor change in clinical and research settings; although, given the specialized centers used for recruitment of this sample, further psychometric evaluation is required.
Radioprotective Agents: Strategies and Translational Advances
Authors: Kamran Mohammad Zahid , Ranjan Atul , Kaur Navrinder , Sur Souvik , Tandon Vibha 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRadioprotectors are agents required to protect biological system exposed to radiation, either naturally or through radiation leakage, and they protect normal cells from radiation injury in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. It is imperative to study radioprotectors and their mechanism of action comprehensively, looking at their potential therapeutic applications. This review intimately chronicles the rich intellectual, pharmacological story of natural and synthetic radioprotectors. A continuous effort is going on by researchers to develop clinically promising radioprotective agents. In this article, for the first time we have discussed the impact of radioprotectors on different signaling pathways in cells, which will create a basis for scientific community working in this area to develop novel molecules with better therapeutic efficacy. The bright future of exceptionally noncytotoxic derivatives of bisbenzimidazoles is also described as radiomodulators. Amifostine, an effective radioprotectant, has been approved by the FDA for limited clinical use. However, due to its adverse side effects, it is not routinely used clinically. Recently, CBLB502 and several analog of a peptide are under clinical trial and showed high success against radiotherapy in cancer. This article reviews the different types of radioprotective agents with emphasis on the strategies for the development of novel radioprotectors for drug development. In addition, direction for future strategies relevant to the development of radioprotectors is also addressed.
The lower medial thigh perforator (LMTP) flap for lower extremity reconstruction: Preliminary results
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Fakin Richard M. , Giovanoli Pietro , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Kuo Pao‐Jen 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe lower medial thigh perforator (LMTP) flap is an alternative source for lower extremity reconstruction. In this article, we report the preliminary results of reconstruction of the lower extremity with a series of patients by the lower medial thigh perforator flap.Patients and methodsFrom January 2015 until August 2015, we performed six cases of lower extremity reconstruction with the LMTP flap. The defect locations included the distal leg (1 case) and the proximal leg (2 cases), the left foot (2 cases), and the right foot (1 case). The perforators of the flap design were detected at the distal third of the line, which was drawn from the midpoint of inguinal ligament to medial upper border of patella. The dorsalis pedis artery (2 cases), anterior tibia artery (2 cases), posterior tibial artery (2 cases) were dissected as recipient vessels.ResultsThe average size of flap was 10.5 × 5 cm (range 10–15 cm and 4–6.5 cm), and the average pedicle length was 7.6 cm (range 5–9.5 cm). 83% of the perforators (5 of 6) were musculocutaneous type, and 17% (1 of 6) were septocutaneous type. The flap survival rate was 100%; the venous congestion was observed in one flap and was successfully salvaged by performing revised venous anastomosis. The donor sites were all closed primarily with minimal morbidity. Follow‐up observations were conducted for 2–6 months, and all patients had good functional recovery with satisfactory cosmetic results.ConclusionThe lower medial thigh perforator flap has some advantage in lower extremity reconstruction, including adequate length and vessel diameter of pedicle for microvascular anastomosis to the lower extremities recipient vessels. The LMTP flap indicates a low donor‐site morbidity and it could be a safe, reliable, and aesthetically appealing new option for lower extremity reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:474–479, 2016.