bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bycatch of Myliobatid Rays in the Central Mediterranean Sea: the Influence of Spatiotemporal, Environmental, and Operational Factors as Determined by Generalized Additive Modeling
Authors: La Mesa Gabriele , Annunziatellis Aldo , Filidei Elio , Fortuna Caterina Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Identification of the factors influencing the distribution of vulnerable species can be useful for predicting their occurrence at a local to regional scale and for identifying the most suitable measures of management and conservation. We used generalized additive models to assess the effects of spatiotemporal, environmental, and operational factors on the catches of two myliobatids: the Common Eagle Ray Myliobatis aquila and the Bull Ray Pteromylaeus bovinus. Fishing data were collected from commercial midwater trawlers operating in the north-central Adriatic Sea during 2006–2013. Presence/absence and abundance (CPUE) data were modeled separately, and each model was then validated by using a test data set. The presence/absence and abundance of Common Eagle Rays and Bull Rays were mostly influenced by spatial (haul location) and temporal predictors. The major occurrences of Common Eagle Rays and Bull Rays were observed in the upper Adriatic Sea between late spring and early autumn. During winter, a southward shift in the catch was recorded for both species. In accordance with a significant effect of depth, Common Eagle Rays were more likely to be caught in hauls conducted between 10- and 60-m depths. The CPUEs of Common Eagle Rays and Bull Rays declined significantly with haul duration and net vertical opening. The validation procedure indicated that the predictive accuracy of the models was rather good. Giving new insight into the ecological requirements of Common Eagle Rays and Bull Rays, the results of this study may contribute to the development of conservation strategies and can be used to direct future monitoring and research programs.
Received July 24, 2015; accepted March 15, 2016
Short-Term Habitat Use of Juvenile Atlantic Bluefin Tuna
Authors: Marcek Benjamin J. , Fabrizio Mary C. , Graves John E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus are highly sought after in commercial and recreational fisheries along the East Coast of North America. To appropriately assess and manage Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ABT), it is necessary to understand their habitat use during multiple ontogenetic stages. We tagged 17 juvenile ABT in the northwest Atlantic Ocean with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to determine environmental factors that may affect habitat use. The PSATs were deployed off the coast of Massachusetts in August and September 2012. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine factors affecting the mean depth occupied by fish, and beta regression was used to understand factors affecting the proportion of time spent below the thermocline. Thermocline depth significantly affected the mean depth occupied by juvenile ABT and the proportion of time they spent below the thermocline. Time period (dawn, day, dusk, and night) also significantly affected the mean depth occupied by juvenile ABT. Additionally, the time period × lunar illumination interaction had a significant effect on the proportion of time spent below the thermocline. This study is the first to demonstrate that environmental factors such as thermocline depth, time period, and lunar illumination can significantly impact vertical habitat use by juvenile ABT and demonstrates the utility of generalized linear mixed models for investigating fish habitat use.
Received June 19, 2015; accepted March 13, 2016
An ecological and evolutionary perspective on the parallel invasion of two
cross-compatible trees
Authors: Besnard Guillaume , Cuneo Peter 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Invasive trees are generally seen as ecosystem-transforming plants that can have significant impacts on native vegetation, and often require management and control. Understanding their history and biology is essential to guide actions of land managers. Here, we present a summary of recent research into the ecology, phylogeography and management of invasive olives, which are now established outside of their native range as high ecological impact invasive trees. The parallel invasion of European and African olive in different climatic zones of Australia provides an interesting case study of invasion, characterized by early genetic admixture between domesticated and wild taxa. Today, the impact of the invasive olives on native vegetation and ecosystem function is of conservation concern, with European olive a declared weed in areas of South Australia, and African olive a declared weed in New South Wales and Pacific islands. Population genetics was used to trace the origins and invasion of both subspecies in Australia, indicating that both olive subspecies have hybridized early after introduction. Research also indicates that African olive populations can establish from a low number of founder individuals even after successive bottlenecks. Modelling based on distributional data from the native and invasive range identified a shift of the realized ecological niche in the Australian invasive range for both olive subspecies, which was particularly marked for African olive. As highly successful and long-lived invaders, olives offer further opportunities to understand the genetic basis of invasion, and we propose that future research examines the history of introduction and admixture, the genetic basis of adaptability and the role of biotic interactions during invasion. Advances on these questions will ultimately improve predictions on the future olive expansion and provide a solid basis for better management of invasive populations.
The effects of nitrogen form on root morphological and physiological adaptations of maize, white lupin and faba bean under phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Liu Haitao , Tang Caixian , Li Chunjian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Root morphological/physiological modifications are important for phosphorus (P) acquisition of plants under P deficiency, but strategies differ among plant species. Detailed studies on the response of maize roots to P deficiency are limited. Nitrogen (N) form influences root morphology/physiology, and thus may influence root responses to P deficiency. This work investigated adaptive mechanisms of maize roots to low P by comparison with white lupin and faba bean supplied with two N forms. Plants were grown for 7–16 days in hydroponics with sufficient (250 µmol L −1 ) and deficient P supply (1 µmol L −1 ) under supply of NH 4 NO 3 or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . Plant growth and P uptake were measured, and release of protons and organic acid anions, and acid phosphatase activity in the root were monitored. The results showed that P deficiency significantly decreased shoot growth while increased root growth and total root length of maize and faba bean, but not white lupin. It enhanced the release of protons and organic acid anions, and acid phosphatase activity, from the roots of both legumes but not maize. Compared with Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , NH 4 NO 3 dramatically increased proton release by roots but did not alter root morphology or physiology of the three species in response to low P. It is concluded that the N form did not fundamentally change root morphological/physiological responses of the three species to P deficiency. Morphological variation in maize and morpho-physiological modifications in white lupin and faba bean were the main adaptive strategies to P deficiency.
On the origin of the HLX-1 outbursts
Authors: Sun Mouyuan , Gu Wei-Min , Yan Zhen , Wu Qingwen , Liu Tong 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
HLX-1, currently the best intermediate-mass black hole candidate, has undergone seven violent outbursts, each with a peak X-ray luminosity of Lpeak,X ∼ 1042 erg s−1. Interestingly, the properties of the HLX-1 outbursts evolve with time. In this work, we aim to constrain the physical parameters of the central engine of the HLX-1 outbursts in the framework of the black hole accretion. We find that the physical properties of the HLX-1 outbursts are consistent with being driven by the radiation pressure instability. This scenario can explain the evolution of the recurrent time-scales of the HLX-1 outbursts as a function of the durations.
ALMA observations of the vibrationally excited rotational CO transition v = 1, J = 3 − 2 towards five AGB stars
Authors: Khouri T. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Ramstedt S. , Lombaert R. , Maercker M. , De Beck E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We report the serendipitous detection with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the vibrationally excited pure-rotational CO transition v = 1, J = 3 − 2 towards five asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, o Cet, R Aqr, R Scl, W Aql, and π1 Gru. The observed lines are formed in the poorly understood region located between the stellar surface and the region where the wind starts, the so-called warm molecular layer. We successfully reproduce the observed lines profiles using a simple model. We constrain the extents, densities, and kinematics of the region where the lines are produced. R Aqr and R Scl show inverse P-Cygni line profiles which indicate infall of material on to the stars. The line profiles of o Cet and R Scl show variability. The serendipitous detection towards these five sources shows that vibrationally excited rotational lines can be observed towards a large number of nearby AGB stars using ALMA. This opens a new possibility for the study of the innermost regions of AGB circumstellar envelopes.
Avoiding Inadequate Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Group B Streptococci
Authors: Bienenfeld Sarah , Rodriguez-Riesco Laura G. , Heyborne Kent D. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the frequency and reasons for inadequate group B streptococci (GBS) prophylaxis at our institution and to estimate what proportion of cases can be avoided with perfect protocol adherence.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of neonates born to GBS-colonized women who received inadequate prophylaxis between April 30, 2013, and May 1, 2014. The maternal chart was analyzed to categorize each case as avoidable (adequate time on labor and delivery to receive antibiotics 4 hours before birth and β-lactam antibiotic-eligible) or unavoidable and to determine whether a violation of the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocol (delayed or incorrect antibiotics) occurred.

RESULTS:
A total of 197 of 488 (40.4%, 95% confidence interval 36.1–44.8%) newborns of group B-colonized women received inadequate prophylaxis. Of these, 157 cases (79.7%, 73.4–84.8%) were unavoidable and would have occurred even with perfect protocol adherence. The 40 (20.3%, 15.3–26.5%) avoidable cases due to protocol violations resulted from delayed antibiotic administration (first dose of antibiotics more than 1 hour after admission [median 9.33 hours, range 3.83–25 hours] in 25 patients; no antibiotics in four patients; total 29 patients, 72.5%) or incorrect antibiotic selection (11 patients, 27.5%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Forty percent of patients received inadequate prophylaxis, and four of five cases are unavoidable with our current labor management and the 2010 CDC guidelines. Timeliness and selection of antibiotics remain areas for improvement, but the overall effects on sepsis prevention will be modest.
Predictive Risk Factors of Cervical Spine Instabilities in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Terashima Yoshiki , Yurube Takashi , Hirata Hiroaki , Sugiyama Daisuke , Sumi Masatoshi 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
A prospective multicenter cohort study for more than 10 years of outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Objective.
To identify predictive risk factors of cervical spine instabilities, which may induce compression myelopathy in patients with RA.

Summary of Background Data.
Many reports described the natural course of cervical spine involvement in RA. Only a few studies, however, conducted comprehensive evaluation of its prognostic factors.

Methods.
Cervical spine instability was radiographically defined as atlantoaxial subluxation with the atlantodental interval greater than 3 mm, vertical subluxation (VS) with the Ranawat value less than 13 mm, and subaxial subluxation with irreducible translation of 2 mm or higher. The “severe” category of instability was defined as atlantoaxial subluxation with the atlantodental interval of 10 mm or lower, vertical subluxation with the Ranawat value of 10 mm or higher, and subaxial subluxation with translation of 4 mm or higher or at multiple levels. Of 503 “definite” or “classical” patients with RA without baseline “severe” instability, 143 were prospectively followed throughout for more than 10 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine predictors for the development of “severe” instabilities. To exclude biases from the low follow-up rate, similar assessments were performed in 223 patients followed for more than 5 years from baseline.

Results.
The incidence of cervical spine instabilities and “severe” instabilities significantly increased during more than 10 years in both 143 and 223 cohorts (all P < 0.01). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models found that baseline mutilating changes (hazard ratio [HR]=19.15, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 3.96–92.58, P < 0.01), corticosteroid administration (HR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.76–9.11, P < 0.01), and previous joint surgery (HR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.01–3.93, P = 0.048) correlated with the progression to “severe” instability in 143 cases and also in 223 cases (HR = 8.12, 95% CI = 2.22–29.64, P < 0.01; HR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.68–6.53, P < 0.01; and HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.16–3.69, P = 0.014, respectively).

Conclusion.
Established mutilating changes, concomitant corticosteroid treatment, and previous joint surgery are relatively robust indicators for a poor prognosis of the cervical spine in patients with RA, based on the consistency in more than 10-year analysis of two different settings.

Level of Evidence: 3
Systemic Adenosine Triphosphate Impairs Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Host Defense in Sepsis
Authors: Li Xiaoou , Kondo Yutaka , Bao Yi , Staudenmaier Laura , Lee Albert , Zhang Jingping , Ledderose Carola , Junger Wolfgang G. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
Sepsis remains an unresolved clinical problem. Therapeutic strategies focusing on inhibition of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils) have failed, which indicates that a more detailed understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of sepsis is required. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation and chemotaxis require cellular adenosine triphosphate release via pannexin-1 channels that fuel autocrine feedback via purinergic receptors. In the current study, we examined the roles of endogenous and systemic adenosine triphosphate on polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation and host defense in sepsis.

Design:
Prospective randomized animal investigation and in vitro studies.

Setting:
Preclinical academic research laboratory.

Subjects:
Wild-type C57BL/6 mice, pannexin-1 knockout mice, and healthy human subjects used to obtain polymorphonuclear neutrophils for in vitro studies.

Interventions:
Wild-type and pannexin-1 knockout mice were treated with suramin or apyrase to block the endogenous or systemic effects of adenosine triphosphate. Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture and polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation (CD11b integrin expression), organ (liver) injury (plasma aspartate aminotransferase), bacterial spread, and survival were monitored. Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were used to study the effect of systemic adenosine triphosphate and apyrase on chemotaxis.

Measurements and Main Results:
Inhibiting endogenous adenosine triphosphate reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation and organ injury, but increased the spread of bacteria and mortality in sepsis. By contrast, removal of systemic adenosine triphosphate improved bacterial clearance and survival in sepsis by improving polymorphonuclear neutrophil chemotaxis.

Conclusions:
Systemic adenosine triphosphate impairs polymorphonuclear neutrophil functions by disrupting the endogenous purinergic signaling mechanisms that regulate cell activation and chemotaxis. Removal of systemic adenosine triphosphate improves polymorphonuclear neutrophil function and host defenses, making this a promising new treatment strategy for sepsis.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Anxiety Using the Vanderbilt ADHD Scale in a Diverse Community Outpatient Setting
Authors: Bauer Nerissa S. , Yoder Rachel , Carroll Aaron E. , Downs Stephen M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Pediatric anxiety is prevalent but frequently underdiagnosed compared with other behavioral conditions in primary care practice. Pediatricians routinely screen for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder using the Vanderbilt Rating Scale, which includes a short screen for anxiety. We sought to examine the prevalence of potential anxiety among patients whose parents originally had concerns of disruptive behavior in a diverse setting and examine differences in anxiety across ethnic groups using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS).

Method:
This was a cross-sectional analysis of medical records data of children between the ages of 5 to 12 years whose parents had concerns of disruptive behavior and received primary care from May 25, 2010, to January 31, 2014 at 2 pediatric community health clinics in Indianapolis.

Results:
Sixteen percent of children whose parents had concerns for disruptive behavior screened positive for anxiety based on the VADRS screen. Hispanic parents were less likely to report symptoms of anxiety (Spanish speaking: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2–0.8; English speaking: AOR 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1–0.9) compared with white and black families.

Conclusion:
Anxiety is detected at a lower rate among Hispanic pediatric patients using the VADRS. This may suggest differences in the performance of the VADRS among Spanish-speaking families.
Prenatal Drug Exposure and Adolescent Cortisol Reactivity: Association with Behavioral Concerns
Authors: Buckingham-Howes Stacy , Mazza Dayna , Wang Yan , Granger Douglas A. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:Objective:To examine stress reactivity in a sample of adolescents with prenatal drug exposure (PDE) by examining the consequences of PDE on stress-related adrenocortical reactivity, behavioral problems, and drug experimentation during adolescence.Methods:Participants (76 PDE, 61 non-drug exposed [NE]; 99% African-American; 50% male; mean age = 14.17 yr, SD = 1.17) provided a urine sample, completed a drug use questionnaire, and provided saliva samples (later assayed for cortisol) before and after a mild laboratory stress task. Caregivers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC II) and reported their relationship to the adolescent.Results:The NE group was more likely to exhibit task-related cortisol reactivity compared to the PDE group. Overall behavior problems and drug experimentation were comparable across groups with no differences between PDE and NE groups. In unadjusted mediation analyses, cortisol reactivity mediated the association between PDE and BASC II aggression scores (95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI], 0.04–4.28), externalizing problems scores (95% bootstrap CI, 0.03–4.50), and drug experimentation (95% bootstrap CI, 0.001–0.54). The associations remain with the inclusion of gender as a covariate but not when age is included.Conclusion:Findings support and expand current research in cortisol reactivity and PDE by demonstrating that cortisol reactivity attenuates the association between PDE and behavioral problems (aggression) and drug experimentation. If replicated, PDE may have long-lasting effects on stress-sensitive physiological mechanisms associated with behavioral problems (aggression) and drug experimentation in adolescence.
Hormonal influence on the effect of mirabegron treatment for overactive bladder
Authors: Kallner Helena Kopp , Elmér Caroline , Andersson Karl-Erik , Altman Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate if levels of gonadotropic and sex steroidal hormones influence the efficacy of mirabegron in the treatment of overactive bladder.

Methods:
We included 58 female participants who received treatment with mirabegron 50 mg once daily and provided a blood sample for hormone profiling before treatment was initiated. Serum hormone concentrations for estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, FSH, LH, TSH, and T4 were analyzed. Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI), (overactive bladder domain: UDIOAB), and the short form Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) were used to assess subjective outcomes.

Results:
There were significant overall improvements in UDI, UDIOAB, and the PFIQ from baseline to the 2 months of follow-up (P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). The magnitude of the mean difference of improvements was similar between pre- and postmenopausal women. Estrogen levels were nonsignificantly lower in participants who experienced an improvement in UDI and UDIOAB at 2 months of follow-up as compared with those that did not (P = 0.7). There were no other clinically relevant differences in hormone levels in relation to improvements in UDI, UDIOAB, or PFIQ. In logistic regression analysis there were no associations between UDIOAB outcomes and age, previous use of anticholinergic drugs, parity, menopause, and local estrogen treatment.

Conclusions:
Estradiol, gonadotropic hormones, thyroid hormones, and testosterone levels did not influence the clinical effects of mirabegron in women with overactive bladder. Menopause status should not be a determinant for mirabegron treatment.
Longitudinal assessment of marrow fat content using three-point Dixon technique in osteoporotic rabbits
Authors: Li Guanwu , Xu Zheng , Chen Yilei , Chang Shixin , Calimente Horea , Hu Jiani , Wu Dongmei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective:
In this longitudinal pilot study, we aimed to investigate the intra-, interobserver, and scan-rescan reproducibility of marrow fat fraction (FF) measurements using three-point Dixon imaging in osteoporotic rabbits: comparison with histopathology.

Methods:
Twenty female rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operation and ovariectomy in combination with daily methylprednisolone hemisuccinate groups (n = 10 per group). Marrow FF by three-point Dixon technique and bone density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks after operation. Intra-, inter-reader, and scan-rescan reliability of FF measurements were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman 95% limit of agreement. Histomorphometry was performed to quantify marrow adipocyte parameters.

Results:
Intra- and inter-reader reproducibility of FF measurements was “substantial” (ICC = 0.984 and 0.978, respectively). Although the ICC for scan-rescan reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.962), increased measurement variability was observed using Bland-Altman plot. Relative to the sham-operated rabbits, the adipocytes mean diameter, density, and percent adipocytes area in the osteoporotic rabbits increased by 23.4%, 68.9%, and 117.0%, respectively. Marrow FF was positively correlated with the quantitative parameters of adipocytes, particularly with percent adipocyte area, but inversely associated with bone density. At the relatively early stage, the percentage of bone loss was similar to that of elevated fatty marrow in the osteoporotic rabbits; at the later stage, the change for the latter outweighed that of the former.

Conclusions:
Results of three-point Dixon technique demonstrated a very reproducible manner within and between observers and acceptable scan-rescan performance in the assessment of marrow fat in rabbits.