bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYB30 transcription factor regulates oxidative and heat stress responses through ANNEXIN‐mediated cytosolic calcium signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liao Chancan , Zheng Yuan , Guo Yan 
Published: July 2017

Summary

Cytosolic calcium signaling is critical for regulating downstream responses in plants encountering unfavorable environmental conditions.

In a genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in stress‐induced cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) elevations, we identified the R2R3‐MYB transcription factor MYB30 as a regulator of [Ca2+]cyt in response to H2O2 and heat stresses.

Plants lacking MYB30 protein exhibited greater elevation of [Ca2+]cyt in response to oxidative and heat stimuli. Real‐time reverse transcription−polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results indicated that the expression of a number of ANNEXIN (ANN) genes, which encode Ca2+‐regulated membrane‐binding proteins modulating cytosolic calcium signatures, were upregulated in myb30 mutants. Further analysis showed that MYB30 bound to the promoters of ANN1 and ANN4 and repressed their expression. myb30 mutants were sensitive to methyl viologen (MV) and heat stresses. The H2O2‐ and heat‐induced abnormal [Ca2+]cyt in myb30 was dependent on the function of ANN proteins. Moreover, the MV and heat sensitivity of myb30 was suppressed in mutants lacking ANN function or by application of LaCl3, a calcium channel blocker.

These results indicate that MYB30 regulates oxidative and heat stress responses through calcium signaling, which is at least partially mediated by ANN1 and ANN4.
Long‐term outcomes of simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients
Authors: Weng Patricia L. , Alejos Juan Carlos , Halnon Nancy , Zhang Qiuheng , Reed Elaine F. , Tsai Chambers Eileen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPediatric sHKTx has become an effective therapy for patients with combined cardiac and renal failure. Often, these patients develop human leukocyte antigen antibodies from their previous allografts and are therefore more difficult to re‐transplant. We describe the largest case series of a predominantly sensitized pediatric sHKTx with emphasis on medical management and patient outcomes. Demographics, clinical characteristics, antibody, and biopsy data were retrospectively collected from University of California, Los Angeles database and correlated with short‐ and long‐term patient and allograft outcomes of all sHKTx performed between 2002 and 2015. We identified seven pediatric patients who underwent sHKTx at our center. Mean age at time of sHKTx was 13.7 years and 85.7% were re‐graft patients. 57.1% were sensitized with cPRA >50% and another 57.1% had preformed donor‐specific antibody. Five‐year renal allograft survival and patient survival was 85.7% for both end‐points. The remaining six patients are all alive (mean follow‐up 78.5 months) with good kidney and heart function. sHKTx in a population with increased immunological risk can be associated with good long‐term outcomes and offers potential guidance to the pediatric transplant community where data are limited.
Phylogeny determines flower size‐dependent sex allocation at flowering in a hermaphroditic family
Authors: Teixido A. L. , Guzmán B. , Staggemeier V.G. , Valladares F. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

In animal‐pollinated hermaphroditic plants, optimal floral allocation determines relative investment into sexes, which is ultimately dependent on flower size. Larger flowers disproportionally increase maleness whereas smaller and less rewarding flowers favour female function. Although floral traits are considered strongly conserved, phylogenetic relationships in the interspecific patterns of resource allocation to floral sex remain overlooked. We investigated these patterns in Cistaceae, a hermaphroditic family.

We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among Cistaceae species and quantified phylogenetic signal for flower size, dry mass and nutrient allocation to floral structures in 23 Mediterranean species using Blomberg's K‐statistic. Lastly, phylogenetically‐controlled correlational and regression analyses were applied to examine flower size‐based allometry in resource allocation to floral structures.

Sepals received the highest dry mass allocation, followed by petals, whereas sexual structures increased nutrient allocation. Flower size and resource allocation to floral structures, except for carpels, showed a strong phylogenetic signal. Larger‐flowered species allometrically allocated more resources to maleness, by increasing allocation to corollas and stamens.

Our results suggest a major role of phylogeny in determining interspecific changes in flower size and subsequent floral sex allocation. This implies that flower size balances the male–female function over the evolutionary history of Cistaceae. While allometric resource investment in maleness is inherited across species diversification, allocation to the female function seems a labile trait that varies among closely related species that have diversified into different ecological niches.
The sound and the fury: Late positive potential is sensitive to sound affect
Authors: Brown Darin R. , Cavanagh James F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEmotion is an emergent construct of multiple distinct neural processes. EEG is uniquely sensitive to real‐time neural computations, and thus is a promising tool to study the construction of emotion. This series of studies aimed to probe the mechanistic contribution of the late positive potential (LPP) to multimodal emotion perception. Experiment 1 revealed that LPP amplitudes for visual images, sounds, and visual images paired with sounds were larger for negatively rated stimuli than for neutrally rated stimuli. Experiment 2 manipulated this audiovisual enhancement by altering the valence pairings with congruent (e.g., positive audio + positive visual) or conflicting emotional pairs (e.g., positive audio + negative visual). Negative visual stimuli evoked larger early LPP amplitudes than positive visual stimuli, regardless of sound pairing. However, time frequency analyses revealed significant midfrontal theta‐band power differences for conflicting over congruent stimuli pairs, suggesting very early (∼500 ms) realization of thematic fidelity violations. Interestingly, late LPP modulations were reflective of the opposite pattern of congruency, whereby congruent over conflicting pairs had larger LPP amplitudes. Together, these findings suggest that enhanced parietal activity for affective valence is modality independent and sensitive to complex affective processes. Furthermore, these findings suggest that altered neural activities for affective visual stimuli are enhanced by concurrent affective sounds, paving the way toward an understanding of the construction of multimodal affective experience.
Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Suicide Attempts Among a Sample of Suicidal Adolescents
Authors: Shearer Annie , Russon Jody , Herres Joanna , Wong Amanda , Jacobs Carrie , Diamond Gary M. , Diamond Guy S. 
Published: July 2017

Despite condemnation of same‐sex attraction by certain religious groups, few studies have explored the relationship between religion, same‐sex attraction, and suicidality. This study examined the moderating effect of same‐sex attraction on the relationship between parent/adolescent religiosity and suicide ideation/attempts in a suicidal adolescent sample (N = 129). Linear and negative binomial regressions tested the effects of a two‐way dichotomous (same‐sex attraction, yes/no) by continuous (religiosity) interaction on ideation and attempts, respectively. The interaction was not significant for ideation. However, high religiosity was associated with more attempts in youth reporting same‐sex attraction but fewer attempts in those reporting opposite‐sex attraction only.
Computed tomographic morphometry of tympanic bulla shape and position in brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dog breeds
Authors: Mielke Ben , Lam Richard , Ter Haar Gert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnatomic variations in skull morphology have been previously described for brachycephalic dogs; however there is little published information on interbreed variations in tympanic bulla morphology. This retrospective observational study aimed to (1) provide detailed descriptions of the computed tomographic (CT) morphology of tympanic bullae in a sample of dogs representing four brachycephalic breeds (Pugs, French Bulldogs, English Bulldog, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels) versus two mesaticephalic breeds (Labrador retrievers and Jack Russell Terriers); and (2) test associations between tympanic bulla morphology and presence of middle ear effusion. Archived head CT scans for the above dog breeds were retrieved and a single observer measured tympanic bulla shape (width:height ratio), wall thickness, position relative to the temporomandibular joint, and relative volume (volume:body weight ratio). A total of 127 dogs were sampled. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had significantly flatter tympanic bullae (greater width:height ratios) versus Pugs, English Bulldogs, Labrador retrievers, and Jack Russell terriers. French Bulldogs and Pugs had significantly more overlap between tympanic bullae and temporomandibular joints versus other breeds. All brachycephalic breeds had significantly lower tympanic bulla volume:weight ratios versus Labrador retrievers. Soft tissue attenuating material (middle ear effusion) was present in the middle ear of 48/100 (48%) of brachycephalic breeds, but no significant association was found between tympanic bulla CT measurements and presence of this material. Findings indicated that there are significant interbreed variations in tympanic bulla morphology, however no significant relationship between tympanic bulla morphology and presence of middle ear effusion could be identified.
The Human Virome: Implications for Clinical Practice in Transplantation Medicine
Authors: Tan Susanna K. , Relman David A. , Pinsky Benjamin A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Advances in DNA sequencing technology have provided an unprecedented opportunity to study the human virome. Transplant recipients and other immunocompromised hosts are at particular risk for developing virus-related pathology; thus, the impact of the virome on health and disease may be even more relevant in this population. Here, we discuss technical considerations in studying the human virome, the current literature on the virome in transplant recipients, and near-future applications of sequence-based findings that can further our understanding of viruses in transplantation medicine.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Self-Taken Samples from Screening Nonattenders
Authors: Lam J. U. H. , Rebolj M. , Ejegod D. M. , Pedersen H. , Rygaard C. , Lynge E. , Harder E. , Thomsen L. T. , Kjaer S. K. , Bonde J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe Copenhagen Self-Sampling Initiative (CSi) has shown how human papillomavirus (HPV)-based self-sampling can be used to increase screening participation among 23,632 nonattenders in the Capital Region of Denmark. In this study, we describe HPV prevalence and genotype frequency in 4,824 self-samples as determined by three HPV assays (the CLART, Onclarity, and Hybrid Capture 2 [HC2] assays) and compare the results with those for physician-taken follow-up samples. The HPV self-sample findings were also compared to the findings for a reference population of 3,347 routinely screened women from the Horizon study, which had been undertaken in the same screening laboratory. Nonattenders had an HPV prevalence of 11.3% as determined by the CLART assay, which was lower than that for women from the Horizon study (18.5%). One-third of the CSi women who tested HPV positive by self-sampling tested HPV negative on the physician-taken follow-up sample. The CLART and Onclarity assays agreed on 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60 to 68%) of the HPV-positive self-taken samples. When the HC2 assay results were added into a three-way comparison, the level of agreement decreased to 27% (95% CI, 24 to 29%). Our findings suggest that further validation of HPV assays on self-taken samples is needed for optimal HPV detection and correct clinical management of HPV-positive women.
ISG15 Modulates Type I Interferon Signaling and the Antiviral Response during Hepatitis E Virus Replication
Authors: Sooryanarain Harini , Rogers Adam J. , Cao Dianjun , Haac Mary Etna R. , Karpe Yogesh A. , Meng Xiang-Jin 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, generally causes self-limiting acute viral hepatitis, although chronic HEV infection has recently become a significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals, especially in solid-organ transplant recipients. Innate immunity, via the type I interferon (IFN) response, plays an important role during the initial stages of a viral infection. IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), an IFN-induced ubiquitin-like protein, is known to have an immunomodulatory role and can have a direct antiviral effect on a wide spectrum of virus families. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect as well as the potential immunomodulatory role of ISG15 during HEV replication. The results revealed that HEV induced high levels of ISG15 production both
in vitro
(Huh7-S10-3 liver cells) and
in vivo
(liver tissues from HEV-infected pigs); however, ISG15 is not required for virus replication. We also demonstrated that ISG15 silencing potentiates enhanced type I IFN-mediated signaling, resulting in an increase in the type I IFN-mediated antiviral effect during HEV replication. This observed enhanced type I IFN signaling correlated with an increase in IFN-stimulated gene expression levels during HEV replication. Furthermore, we showed that PKR and OAS1 played important roles in the ISG15-mediated type I IFN sensitivity of HEV. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that ISG15 plays an important immunomodulatory role and regulates HEV sensitivity to exogenous type I IFN.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection typically causes self-limiting acute viral hepatitis. However, chronic HEV infection has recently become a significant clinical problem in immunocompromised patients. Pegylated interferon (IFN) has been used to treat chronic HEV infection in solid-organ transplant patients with some success. However, the mechanism behind the type I IFN-mediated antiviral effect against HEV remains unclear. This report demonstrates that ISG15 induced by HEV replication in Huh7-S10-3 human liver cells plays an immunomodulatory role by negatively regulating type I IFN signaling and, thus, HEV sensitivity to type I IFN. Our results also show that PKR and OAS1 play important roles in the ISG15-mediated type I IFN sensitivity of HEV.
Binding of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL20 to GODZ (DHHC3) Affects Its Palmitoylation and Is Essential for Infectivity and Proper Targeting and Localization of UL20 and Glycoprotein K
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Mott Kevin R. , Wawrowsky Kolja , Kousoulas Konstantin G. , Luscher Bernhard , Ghiasi Homayon 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL20 plays a crucial role in the envelopment of the cytoplasmic virion and its egress. It is a nonglycosylated envelope protein that is regulated as a γ1 gene. Two-hybrid and pulldown assays demonstrated that UL20, but no other HSV-1 gene-encoded proteins, binds specifically to GODZ (also known as DHHC3), a cellular Golgi apparatus-specific Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) zinc finger protein. A catalytically inactive dominant-negative GODZ construct significantly reduced HSV-1 replication
in vitro
and affected the localization of UL20 and glycoprotein K (gK) and their interactions but not glycoprotein C (gC). GODZ is involved in palmitoylation, and we found that UL20 is palmitoylated by GODZ using a GODZ dominant-negative plasmid. Blocking of palmitoylation using 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) affected the virus titer and the interaction of UL20 and gK but did not affect the levels of these proteins. In conclusion, we have shown that binding of UL20 to GODZ in the Golgi apparatus regulates trafficking of UL20 and its subsequent effects on gK localization and virus replication. We also have demonstrated that GODZ-mediated UL20 palmitoylation is critical for UL20 membrane targeting and thus gK cell surface expression, providing new mechanistic insights into how UL20 palmitoylation regulates HSV-1 infectivity.

IMPORTANCE
HSV-1 UL20 is a nonglycosylated essential envelope protein that is highly conserved among herpesviruses. In this study, we show that (i) HSV-1 UL20 binds to GODZ (also known as DHHC3), a Golgi apparatus-specific Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) zinc finger protein; (ii) a GODZ dominant-negative mutant and an inhibitor of palmitoylation reduced HSV-1 titers and altered the localization of UL20 and glycoprotein K; and (iii) UL20 is palmitoylated by GODZ, and this UL20 palmitoylation is required for HSV-1 infectivity. Thus, blocking of the interaction of UL20 with GODZ, using a GODZ dominant-negative mutant or possibly GODZ shRNA, should be considered a potential alternative therapy in not only HSV-1 but also other conditions in which GODZ processing is an integral component of pathogenesis.
Stability of Cucumber Necrosis Virus at the Quasi-6-Fold Axis Affects Zoospore Transmission
Authors: Sherman Michael B. , Kakani Kishore , Rochon D'Ann , Jiang Wen , Voss Neil R. , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Cucumber necrosis virus
(CNV) is a member of the genus
Tombusvirus
and has a monopartite positive-sense RNA genome. CNV is transmitted in nature via zoospores of the fungus
Olpidium bornovanus
. As with other members of the
Tombusvirus
genus, the CNV capsid swells when exposed to alkaline pH and EDTA. We previously demonstrated that a P73G mutation blocks the virus from zoospore transmission while not significantly affecting replication in plants (K. Kakani, R. Reade, and D. Rochon, J Mol Biol 338:507–517, 2004,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.008
). P73 lies immediately adjacent to a putative zinc binding site (M. Li et al., J Virol 87:12166–12175, 2013,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01965-13
) that is formed by three icosahedrally related His residues in the N termini of the C subunit at the quasi-6-fold axes. To better understand how this buried residue might affect vector transmission, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of wild-type CNV in the native and swollen state and of the transmission-defective mutant, P73G, under native conditions. With the wild-type CNV, the swollen structure demonstrated the expected expansion of the capsid. However, the zinc binding region at the quasi-6-fold at the β-annulus axes remained intact. By comparison, the zinc binding region of the P73G mutant, even under native conditions, was markedly disordered, suggesting that the β-annulus had been disrupted and that this could destabilize the capsid. This was confirmed with pH and urea denaturation experiments in conjunction with electron microscopy analysis. We suggest that the P73G mutation affects the zinc binding and/or the β-annulus, making it more fragile under neutral/basic pH conditions. This, in turn, may affect zoospore transmission.

IMPORTANCE
Cucumber necrosis virus
(CNV), a member of the genus
Tombusvirus
, is transmitted in nature via zoospores of the fungus
Olpidium bornovanus
. While a number of plant viruses are transmitted via insect vectors, little is known at the molecular level as to how the viruses are recognized and transmitted. As with many spherical plant viruses, the CNV capsid swells when exposed to alkaline pH and EDTA. We previously demonstrated that a P73G mutation that lies inside the capsid immediately adjacent to a putative zinc binding site (Li et al., J Virol 87:12166–12175, 2013,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01965-13
) blocks the virus from zoospore transmission while not significantly affecting replication in plants (K. Kakani, R. Reade, and D. Rochon, J Mol Biol 338:507–517, 2004,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.008
). Here, we show that the P73G mutant is less stable than the wild type, and this appears to be correlated with destabilization of the β-annulus at the icosahedral 3-fold axes. Therefore, the β-annulus appears not to be essential for particle assembly but is necessary for interactions with the transmission vector.
NKp46 Recognizes the Sigma1 Protein of Reovirus: Implications for Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bar-On Yotam , Charpak-Amikam Yoav , Glasner Ariella , Isaacson Batya , Duev-Cohen Alexandra , Tsukerman Pinchas , Varvak Alexander , Mandelboim Michal , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The recent approval of oncolytic virus for therapy of melanoma patients has increased the need for precise evaluation of the mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses affect tumor growth. Here we show that the human NK cell-activating receptor NKp46 and the orthologous mouse protein NCR1 recognize the reovirus sigma1 protein in a sialic-acid-dependent manner. We identify sites of NKp46/NCR1 binding to sigma1 and show that sigma1 binding by NKp46/NCR1 leads to NK cell activation
in vitro
. Finally, we demonstrate that NCR1 activation is essential for reovirus-based therapy
in vivo
. Collectively, we have identified sigma1 as a novel ligand for NKp46/NCR1 and demonstrated that NKp46/NCR1 is needed both for clearance of reovirus infection and for reovirus-based tumor therapy.

IMPORTANCE
Reovirus infects much of the population during childhood, causing mild disease, and hence is considered to be efficiently controlled by the immune system. Reovirus also specifically infects tumor cells, leading to tumor death, and is currently being tested in human clinical trials for cancer therapy. The mechanisms by which our immune system controls reovirus infection and tumor killing are not well understood. We report here that natural killer (NK) cells recognize a viral protein named sigma1 through the NK cell-activating receptor NKp46. Using several mouse tumor models, we demonstrate the importance of NK cells in protection from reovirus infection and in reovirus killing of tumors
in vivo
. Collectively, we identify a new ligand for the NKp46 receptor and provide evidence for the importance of NKp46 in the control of reovirus infections and in reovirus-based cancer therapy.