bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The peacock manoeuvre: Ethnographic research on group behaviour among Danish ultras groups
Authors: Laursen Rasmus Beedholm 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Most contemporary research on Danish football fandom has been conducted on hooliganism while research in other fan groups such as ultras is scarce. Although, some Danish ultras groups socialize with and occasionally engage in conflicts, this article suggests that ultras activities differ markedly from hooliganism despite that both fan segments is entitled ‘risk fans’. Based on a longitudinal three-year ongoing ethnography study of Danish ultras groups this article shows that ultras group members in certain situations instantly can change attitude from calm and peaceful to aggressive and confrontational. However, this article also illustrates that this transformation of behaviour rarely, if ever, escalates into psychical violence. Inspired by Erving Goffman’s theatrical theory, this article suggests that such aggressive ultras group behaviour is a performative act that primarily serves to intimidate or scare off rivals; rather than a genuine desire for demonstrating violent behaviour. To capture this performativity, this article uses the analogy of the peacock, which ‘puff itself up’ as a strategic manoeuvre to intimidate rivals and thereby avoid a physical confrontation. It is in this sense that the analogy is applied. Subsequently, this article ‘maps out’ the two typical social occasions where the manoeuvre unfolds.
A Construção da Identidade Docente numa Prática Educacional Complexa
Authors: Oliveira Antonia Karla de 
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo tem como tema A Construção da Identidade Docente numa Prática Educacional Complexa, tem como objetivo discutir obstáculos e complexidades que dificultam a construção da identidade profissional docente, com abordagens relacionadas ao processo de formação do professor e as interferências que complicam a composição da autonomia e autenticidade da imagem do professor. Como metodologia se optou por estudos pautados no campo da Formação e Identidade Docente, com embasamentos em leituras, pesquisas e discussões teóricas de obras, artigos, periódicos e legislações relacionadas ao tema. Para uma análise das discussões foi organizado um estudo bibliográfico nos autores: Mosé (2015), Campos (2011), Freire (2015), Perrenoud (2000), Lessard e Tardif (2008), dentre outros.
Mengikat Makna Diskriminasi: Penyandang Cacat, Difabel, dan Penyandang Disabilitas
Authors: Maftuhin Arif 
Published: August 2017

The research is about the ‘struggle’ to name persons with disabilities in Indonesia. As in other countries that find naming as an important tool in the fight for equality, Indonesia witnessed various naming influenced by the way people see disability and persons with disability. The research is aimed at understanding which naming that is more popular in terms of its usage and how a term is used. The data are gathered from the online use of three words: penyandang cacat, difabel, dan penyandang disabilitas. It seeks to see the poplarity of the words in three different levels: their trends, popular use in the online news media, and their academic use in the journals and books. The method to gather and analyze the data is mostly helped by Google search engine and its rich features. The researh concluded that there has been a dynamic use of the words across the level. ‘Difabel’ is the most popular word in trend; ‘Penyandang Disabilitas’ shared the popularity with ‘Difabel’ among news media; and surprisingly ‘Penyandang Cacat’ is still the most used term among scholars.[Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk meneliti ‘perebutan makna’ dan penggunaan berbagai istilah terkait dengan difabel. Penelitian bertujuan melihat istilah mana yang paling banyak digunakan dan bagaimana istilah-istilah itu digunakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data-data daring (online) terkait dengan tiga istilah kunci dalam wacana disabilitas di Indonesia: penyandang cacat, difabel, dan penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data-data online dan menganalisisinya dalam tiga aspek: tren penggunaan istilah; popularitas di dunia berita daring; dan penggunaan di dunia akademik. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada dinamika menarik dalam penggunaan ketiga istilah itu di ketiga wilayah pencarian. Istilah ‘difabel’, meskipun tidak diakui sebagai istilah resmi undang-undang, adalah istilah yang paling populer di tren. Sementara istilah ‘penyandang disabilitas’ mencatatkan skor popularitas yang sedikit lebih tinggi dari ‘difabel’ dalam penggunaan di media daring. Sementara istilah ‘penyandang cacat’ justru masih sangat populer dalam penggunaan akademik.]
Prevalence and causes of abnormal PSA recovery
Authors: Lautenbach Noémie , Müntener Michael , Zanoni Paolo , Saleh Lanja , Saba Karim , Umbehr Martin , Velagapudi Srividya , Hof Danielle , Sulser Tullio , Wild Peter J. , von Eckardstein Arnold , Poyet Cédric 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background:
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is of paramount importance as a diagnostic tool for the detection and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. In the presence of interfering factors such as heterophilic antibodies or anti-PSA antibodies the PSA test can yield significantly falsified results. The prevalence of these factors is unknown.

Methods:
We determined the recovery of PSA concentrations diluting patient samples with a standard serum of known PSA concentration. Based on the frequency distribution of recoveries in a pre-study on 268 samples, samples with recoveries <80% or >120% were defined as suspect, re-tested and further characterized to identify the cause of interference.

Results:
A total of 1158 consecutive serum samples were analyzed. Four samples (0.3%) showed reproducibly disturbed recoveries of 10%, 68%, 166% and 4441%. In three samples heterophilic antibodies were identified as the probable cause, in the fourth anti-PSA-autoantibodies. The very low recovery caused by the latter interference was confirmed in serum, as well as heparin- and EDTA plasma of blood samples obtained 6 months later. Analysis by eight different immunoassays showed recoveries ranging between <10% and 80%. In a follow-up study of 212 random plasma samples we found seven samples with autoantibodies against PSA which however did not show any disturbed PSA recovery.

Conclusions:
About 0.3% of PSA determinations by the electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) of Roche diagnostics are disturbed by heterophilic or anti-PSA autoantibodies. Although they are rare, these interferences can cause relevant misinterpretations of a PSA test result.
Hair testing of GHB: an everlasting issue in forensic toxicology
Authors: Busardò Francesco Paolo , Pichini Simona , Zaami Simona , Pacifici Roberta , Kintz Pascal 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background:
In this paper, the authors present a critical review of different studies regarding hair testing of endogenous γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), concentrations in chronic users, and values measured after a single GHB exposure in drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases together with the role of a recently identified GHB metabolite, GHB-glucuronide.

Content:
The following databases (up to March 2017) PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used, searching the following key words: γ-hydroxybutyrate, GHB, GHB glucuronide, hair. The main key words “GHB” and “γ-hydroxybutyrate” were searched singularly and then associated individually to each of the other keywords.

Summary:
Of the 2304 sources found, only 20 were considered appropriate for the purpose of this paper. Summing up all the studies investigating endogenous GHB concentration in hair, a very broad concentration range from 0 to 12 ng/mg was found. In order to detect a single GHB dose in hair it is necessary to commonly wait 1 month for collecting hair and a segmental analysis of 3 or 5 mm fragments and the calculation of a ratio between the targeted segment and the others represent a reliable method to detect a single GHB intake considering that the ratios presently proposed vary from 3 and 10. The only two studies so far performed, investigating GHB-Glucuronide in hair, show that the latter does not seem to provide any diagnostic information regarding GHB exposure.

Outlook:
A practical operative protocol is proposed to be applied in all suspected cases of GHB-facilitated sexual assault (GHB-FSA).
Effect of ozonation on composting Japanese cedar wood meal
Authors: Sugimoto Tomoko , Hosoya Shuji , Yamamoto Koichi , Oosawa Satoshi , Tanaka Akihiro , Yakushido Kenichi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Ozonized Japanese cedar wood meal was evaluated as a feedstock for compost. The composting experiment performed in a 1.8 m3 tank during a 4-week period showed that the decomposition of organics was accelerated by the ozonation of wood meal during thermophilic phase. The same is true for decay test of white-rot (WR) fungus. The tested brown-rot (BR) fungus did not show any effect. Accordingly, the lignin degradation by ozone is advantageous for composting. In addition, liberation of ammonia, one source of odor development, was suppressed during the thermophilic phase of composting of ozonized wood meal.
Factors affecting oral health determinants in female university students: a cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dar-Odeh Najla S. , Aleithan Fatimah Ali , Alnazzawi Ahmad A. , Al-Shayyab Mohammad H. , Abu-Hammad Shaden O. , Abu-Hammad Osama A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims at investigating factors affecting oral health patterns, attitudes and health risk behaviors among female university students.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to female university students in Al Madinah in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Students were requested to answer questions on demographic data, oral hygiene practices, dental attendance, smoking history, practice of sports and body weight and height.ResultsTwo hundred and fourteen students participated with age range of 18–31 years (mean = 21.64 ± 1.72 years). Oral hygiene habits were reported by a percentage of 97.2%, 34.6%, 30.8% and 19.2% who used a tooth brush, dental floss, mouthwash, and a miswak (a teeth cleaning twig made from theSalvadora persicatree), respectively. The only factor that was significantly associated with a good oral hygiene level was a university major of non-healthcare specialties (p = 0.009).ConclusionIt is concluded that female university students use various oral hygiene methods, however, dental attendance is poor and a number of health risk factors are noticed like smoking, lack of practicing sport and unhealthy body mass index (BMI).
Overcoming Extreme Poverty by Social Protection Floors – Approaches to Closing the Right to Social Security Gap
Authors: Kaltenborn Markus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains a very ambitious poverty reduction schedule: According to Sustainable Development Goal 1 extreme poverty shall be completely eradicated within the next 15 years (SDG 1.1), and also other forms of poverty shall be reduced within the same period at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages (SDG 1.2). Governments are requested to “(i)mplement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable” (SDG 1.3). The authors of the Agenda refer to the concept of so-called social protection floors which has been identified as an important instrument in the fight against extreme poverty and therefore has attracted much attention in recent development policy debates. In June 2012 the General Conference of the International Labour Organization (ILO) had adopted the Social Protection Floors Recommendation. In this document ILO members are urged, as a first step, to establish basic social security guarantees, including access to essential health care and basic income security for all residents of their countries and, as a second step, to systematically extend these basic social security guarantees into more comprehensive strategies. If we look for legal answers to the global challenge of extreme poverty, then social protection law – and in particular the human right to social security – deserves special attention. Based on the research framework which has been presented by Haglund and Stryker in their book Closing the Rights Gap. From Human Rights to Social Transformation (2015) this article will try to analyze which role the legal systems in the Global South will play in implementing SDG 1 at the national level and in closing the “right to social security-gap”. Haglund and Stryker describe, inter alia, two models for social rights realization which represent alternative approaches to the MDG/SDG concept: (a) the so-called multistage spiral model whose main focus lies on the different phases which new norms have to go through when they are implemented in a state’s society, and (b) the “policy legalization model” which highlights the role of litigation in ensuring social rights compliance. Furthermore the article will deal with the responsibility of the international community in this area of development policy.
Justice and the Common Good in Dispute Resolution Discourse in the United States and the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Murphy Tim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRule of Law development initiatives typically include a preference for formal or State law over informal or customary law. In dispute resolution initiatives, formal court-based adjudication is regarded as the process most likely to promote economic development and certainly as preferable to less formal mechanisms such as mediation. This article compares formal and informal methods of dispute resolution with specific reference to the trajectories of adjudication in the United States and mediation in China. Whereas adjudication seeks generally to resolve disputes in accordance with justice, understood in classical Western thought as the rendering to each what is due, informal dispute resolution is oriented more towards the common good, understood classically as the maintenance of a peaceful social order that allows people to pursue their individual and collective goals in community. These conceptions of justice and the common good are not uncontroversial but their ideologies play a significant role in dispute resolution discourse in both the US and China. This article suggests that developments in each of these jurisdictions have brought about relatively successful pluralist or “hybrid” dispute resolution systems, a suggestion that speaks against any general or fixed preference in dispute resolution initiatives for formal over informal processes.
Developmental State No Birth Right: South Africa’s Post-1994 Economic Development Story
Authors: Pooe T. K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper explores how South Africa despite having one of the most lauded constitutions and legal frameworks in the world has been unable to advance as a developmental state in economic development and institutional building endeavours. The contention of this paper is that the South African government, prioritising law and development, did so at the expense of institutional building for economic development purposes. Law and development is conceptualised in this paper as States prioritising liberal actions such as separation of powers (judiciary, executive and legislature) and human rights. Consequently, this paper is not arguing against some of the tenants characterising the law and development agenda. Rather it asks, did South Africa lose its credentials as a possible developmental state by prioritising law and development initiatives over building developmental state institutions for local economic development purposes in particular? Ultimately, this paper contends that for South Africa to become a functional developmental state it needs to reconsider its constitutional/law and development aspirations, in favour of reconfiguring government institutions to prioritise economic development.
Clientelism, Law and Politics. Considerations in the Light of the Argentine Case
Authors: Rivas Pedro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to explain what clientelism is through a description of its characteristics in its current Argentinean form. On the other hand, it will evaluate clientelism from a legal and political point of view. In order to achieve these purposes, we will distinguish clientelism from legitimate politics, and then offer a critical evaluation in case there were any differences. Regarding the first objective, it will be necessary to resort to some kind of canonical definition, broad enough to grasp different clientelistic phenomena. Then, it will be possible to explain its Argentinean particularities, noting that it happens to be a specially interesting kind of clientelism because of its refinement and breadth. As to the second objective, we will oppose to the reasoning that equates clientelism and legitimate types of political action. We will argue that ordinary politics is different and that, in fact, this difference turns clientelism illegitimate. Criticism against clientelism may include empirical approaches but, as these only show deficiencies of a particular public policy, they lack the ability to be extended to other cases. Alternative criticism may be more interesting, but it will necessarily be weaker as it may only reveal a model of citizens and political relations upon which clientelism is grounded.
Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of a poly[aqua-(μ4-4-(carboxylatomethyl)benzoato-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′)-(μ2-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2
N:N′) dimanganese(II)], [Mn2(C9H6O4)2(C12H11N5)(H2O)]
Authors: Wei-Dong Yin , Gui-Lian Li 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
C30H25N5O9Mn2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.5012(6) Å, b = 9.3423(3) Å, c = 19.7517(6) Å, β = 95.966(3)°, V = 2844.90(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0362, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0971, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(μ2-ferrocenecarboxylato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-(μ2-methanolato-κ2
O,O)dicopper(II) tetrafluoroborate – acetonitrile (1/1), C49H40BCu2F4Fe2N5O5
Authors: Liu Kuanguan , Shan Qi-De , Nie Jing , Yan Xiaowei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
C49H40BCu2F4Fe2N5O5, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.526(2) Å, b = 12.902(2) Å, c = 15.469(3) Å, α = 95.632(2)°, β =107.789(2)°, γ = 96.251(2)°, V = 2156.3(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0443, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1198, T = 100(2) K.
Nonviolent Resistance and Peaceful Turnover of Power
Authors: Bethke Felix S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious research has shown that nonviolent resistance (NVR) campaigns are beneficial for democratization. However, research to date has not considered whether nonviolent revolutions succeed long term in bringing about democratic consolidation. In this paper, I address this gap by analyzing the effect of NVR on democratic consolidation, using data on Huntington’s consolidation criteria of two peaceful turnovers of power. The results suggest that initiating a democratic transition through NVR is not necessarily beneficial for achieving the first peaceful turnover of power. However, given that a democratic regime achieved a successful first turnover of power, NVR substantially increases the probability of completing democratic consolidation through a second peaceful turnover of power.
Activity Profiles in U17, U20, and Senior Women's Brazilian National Soccer Teams During International Competitions: Are There Meaningful Differences?
Authors: Ramos Guilherme P. , Nakamura Fábio Y. , Penna Eduardo M. , Wilke Carolina F. , Pereira Lucas A. , Loturco Irineu , Capelli Luciano , Mahseredjian Fábio , Silami-Garcia Emerson , Coimbra Cândido C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Ramos, GP, Nakamura, FY, Penna, EM, Wilke, CF, Pereira, LA, Loturco, I, Capelli, L, Mahseredjian, F, Silami-Garcia, E, and Coimbra, CC. Activity profiles in U17, U20, and senior women's Brazilian national soccer teams during international competitions: are there meaningful differences? J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3414–3422, 2019—The aim of this study was to compare locomotor activity profiles of Brazilian top-class female soccer players competing at distinct age brackets (under 17 [U17], under [U20], and senior). External match load of 14 U17, 14 U20, and 17 senior female soccer players competing in 6–7 full official international matches were assessed using global positioning systems. Total distance covered, distance covered in high intensity (15.6–20 km·h−1), distance covered in sprints (sprint: >20 km·h−1), number of accelerations (Acc) >1 m·s−2, decelerations (Dec) >−1 m·s−2, and Player Load generally increased across the age brackets (U17 <U20 <senior). For all playing positions, senior athletes presented greater total distance, accelerations, and decelerations than U20 players. For high-intensity distance and sprints, only central defender and midfielder senior players presented greater values than U20 players. Senior players demonstrated higher values in all locomotor activities in comparison to U17 players, irrespective of playing positions. Except for central defenders who presented similar total distance, sprint distance, and number of accelerations between U20 and U17, most match external loads evaluated in all playing positions were greater in U20 than in U17 players. These results provide useful information for player development and should be used to establish appropriate match-specific conditioning drills according to age categories.
La historia económica en el Seminario de Historia Rural Andina
Authors: Salinas Sánchez Alejandro 
Published: August 2017

<p>Este artículo analiza el rol del Seminario de Historia Rural Andina y de Pablo Macera en la formulación de los criterios teóricos y metodológicos que guiaron los primeros trabajos de la moderna historia económica peruana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se distinguen tres etapas en el continuo proceso de producción bibliográfica del SHRA (1966-1978, 1979-2000 y 2001-2015) destacando las perspectivas de los investigadores actuantes al interior de cada una de estas en el marco de los debates historiográficos ocurridos durante los últimos cincuenta años.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Peruvian economical history and the role of the Seminario de Historia Rural Andina </strong></p><p>This article analyses the role of the Seminario de Historia Rural Andina and of Pablo Macera designing methodological and theoretical criteria guiding the first research efforts of modern Peruvian economical history in the second half of the XX Century. Such research has been divided into three phases: 1966-1978; 1979-2000; and 2001-2015. Each phase is marked by specific characteristics of the theoretical orientation of the investigators in the context of the history debates that have occurred in the past five decades.</p><p>Keywords: Peru; historiography; economic history; Seminar of Andean Rural History; Pablo Macera.</p>