bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological State in Heterostructured Gap Waveguides and Their Transitions to Classical Transmission Line
Authors: Liao Zhen , Zhang Jing , Wang Xiao Jun , Yu Yu Feng , Luo Guo Qing , Liu Leilei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGap waveguides play a crucial role in millimeter‐wave information transmission and processing for next‐generation wireless communication and radar sensing systems. However, they suffer from challenges, such as reflection and scattering losses at sharp bends and defects. While topological photonic crystals offer innovative solutions for robust signal transmission, their localized interface states and unique electromagnetic modes pose compatibility challenges with practical circuits and systems. In this paper, a novel heterostructured gap waveguide support valley‐locked topological guided wave transport is introduced. This design ensures robust propagation against defects and bends while maintaining compatibility with classical transmission lines. Its topological characteristic reduce sensitivity to fabrication and assembly errors. More importantly, an efficient transition structure is developed to seamlessly convert quasi‐transverse electromagnetic (quasi‐TEM) modes in planar transmission lines to topological guided wave states, thereby effectively exciting topological waves. All theoretical predictions are quantitatively verified by the simulations and experiments at millimeter wave frequency. This heterostructured gap waveguide can find unique applications, such as power divider, as verified numerically. By leveraging topological principles, the proposed gap waveguide offers a significant performance boost for antennas and passive/active components in millimeter‐wave applications, including automotive radar, 5G communication, and synthetic‐aperture radar for imaging.
Remote Vector Velocimetry with Fiber‐Delivered Scalar Fields
Authors: Tang Ziyi , Wan Zhenyu , Zhang Xi , Liang Yize , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Doppler effect reveals the law that light waves undergo frequency changes in interacting with motion, which is highly significant in velocity detection and has applications in fields such as astrophysics, aerospace, and advanced manufacturing. A typical Doppler velocimetry involves illuminating a moving object with interference fringes generated based on phase gradients while detecting the frequency shift of scattered light to determine the velocity. Beyond the spatial phase distributions, the spatial amplitude is a unique dimension of light fields that can be directly controlled, but its application prospects in motion detection are rarely revealed, particularly in both the magnitude and orientation of velocity measurements. In this work, a remote vector velocimeter based on spatially structured amplitude fields is proposed for monitoring angular velocities of objects in situ. Guided through a 40 km seven‐core fiber, the structured beams with spatially‐distributed amplitude are constructed at the remote fiber facet by adjustable mode excitation in outer cores, and the Doppler signals reflected by the target are collected and transmitted back by the inner core, enabling the remote measurement of rotational motion vectors with a probe‐signal‐integrated configuration. These results suggest the great potential of spatial amplitude fields in motion detection, the cost‐efficient and compact velocimetry may contribute to the communities of optical sensing and engineering.
Proteins‐Based Nanoparticles for Benznidazole Enteric Delivery
Authors: Pilicita Victor A. , Sonzogni Ana S. , Allasia Mariana , Borra Florencia , Minari Roque J. , Gonzalez Verónica D.G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), affects millions worldwide, particularly in Latin America. Despite its prevalence, treatment options remain limited. Current drugs, such as benznidazole, cause adverse effects possibly due to ineffective administration. In this context, nanoparticles offer a promising solution to target and control drug delivery by leading the effector site and minimizing side effects. This article focuses on zein‐casein‐based nanoparticles (Bioparticles, BP) coated with Eudragit L100‐55 (BP:EU) for enteric delivery of benznidazole. BP:EU structures are synthesized to minimize premature drug release in the stomach, promoting release in the small intestine. Physical characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of BP:EU and their pH‐responsive trigger for drug release. These findings suggest that this material can be a promising approach for Chagas disease treatment, addressing challenges in benznidazole delivery that can lead to improved therapeutic responses.
Degradation of Dyes Using Biologically Synthesized Nanoparticles by Aloe barbadensis Leaves Extract
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Chawla Kanhaiya , Yadav Deepak Kumar , Lal Nathu , Rathore Bhupendra Singh , Lal Chhagan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanotechnology has enormous, economic, social, and environmental ramifications. Due to their capacity to survive in complex processes, inorganic nanomaterials like metal/metal oxides have received substantial study during the past decade. Nanoparticles have antibacterial, magnetic, electrical, and catalytic characteristics due to their greater surface area. There are several methods to develop nanoparticles but environment friendly behavior with no toxic byproducts attracts researchers toward biological process of nanoparticles. This work synthesizes copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and zinc oxide (ZnO) with Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) leaves extract and successfully characterizes them with different analytical techniques. The catalytic activity of such nanoparticles tests over different cationic and anionic dyes like methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR) for different intervals of time and reveals. The degradation efficiency of CuO nanoparticles for MB, MO, and MR dyes are 59.92%, 73.48%, and 73.10% respectively, and for ZnO nanoparticles it is 81.44%, 76.46%, and 63.30% for MB, MO, and MR dyes respectively under the exposure of sunlight for 8 h. The present work successfully develops an ecofriendly process of dye degradation by biologically synthesized nanoparticles.
Thermoelectroluminescence in Anthracene and Anthracene Doped With Acridine Phosphors
Authors: Mishra Ajai Kumar , Mishra Pragati , Pandey Janardan Prasad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present study, an effort is made to record the thermoelectroluminescence (TEL) glow curves and electroluminescence (EL) spectra for anthracene, acridine, and anthracene doped with acridine to determine the trap depth and escape frequency in these materials. For recording the TEL glow curves, the EL cell is heated at the study rate after 500 Vrms (RMS) of AC is supplied between the plates. At various field frequencies, the light output is recorded. To comprehend the luminescence processes and mechanisms in these films, three methods have been employed to determine the trap energy and escape frequency.
In Silico Investigation of Molecular Properties and Molecular Docking of Darunavir: An Anti‐HIV Drug
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Tiwari Gargi , Sharma Dipendra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA second‐generation HIV protease enzyme inhibitor, darunavir is used in combination therapy for patients with history of prior antiretroviral treatments. It inhibits the cleavage of HIV encoded gag‐pol polyprotein in cells contaminated by a virus and thereby hinders the development of mature and infectious new virions. In this paper, optimization of molecular geometry of darunavir has been obtained by Density Functional Theory based B3LYP and ωB97XD methods with 6–311+G(d,p) basis set. The electro‐optical, global reactivity descriptors, and UV–visible spectrum of the drug have been examined using both the functionals. Further, binding affinity of darunavir at different sites of protein receptor (PDB ID: 5b18) has been analyzed using molecular docking technique. Results have been used to discuss electro‐optical and electronic properties of the drug along with its binding affinities with protein receptors.
New Class of Ionic Liquid Crystal Proposed by Using Quantum Chemical Calculation
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Dubey Deen Dayal , Singh Vijay , Pandey Kamal Kumar , Dwivedi Apoorva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current investigation conducts a thorough analysis of the nonlinear optical properties, binding characteristics, and electronic features of 1‐proplene‐3‐methylimidazolium (PMIM)‐X ionic liquid (IL) crystal. These findings reveal that the dissociation energy of PMIM‐X indicates a preference for ionic dissociation over neutral dissociation. Notably, the ionic dissociation energy shows an increasing trend with both the electron affinity (EA) and the size of X. In the process of forming the IL crystal PMIM‐X, this study observes a charge transfer from PMIM to X species. It is noteworthy that the extent of charge transfer intensifies with the increasing size of X. Additionally, the calculated energy gap exhibits a positive correlation with both EA and the size of X. Although these results suggest promising nonlinear optical behavior for PMIM‐X, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of the study. All calculations are conducted on single atoms in the gas phase, overlooking potential effects that may arise in the liquid phase or bulk conditions. Therefore, future investigations should consider these factors for a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of PMIM‐X in practical applications.
Carb‐Loaded Passion: A Comprehensive Exploration of Carbohydrates in Shaping Aphrodisiac Effects
Authors: Chandra Phool , Porwal Mayur , Rastogi Vaibhav , Tyagi Siddhant Jai , Sharma Himanshu , Verma Anurag 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present overview discusses the putative aphrodisiac properties of carbohydrates. It comprehensively investigates the intricate interplay between the physiological systems that govern sexual arousal and the consumption of carbohydrates in the diet. One method to achieve this is by examining the historical origins of aphrodisiacs in various civilizations. It highlights the significance of carbohydrates as essential macronutrients and explores their function in crucial biochemical processes associated with libido and sexual response. In order to understand the impact of dietary carbs on sexual health, the study examines the correlation among sex hormones, insulin sensitivity, and blood glucose levels. To understand how particular diets high in carbohydrates can improve sexual arousal, performance and desire the analysis looks at scientific research informing that some diets have aphrodisiac properties. The present research examines the influence of carbohydrates on mood, stress levels, and overall well‐being to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological underpinnings of sexual function. The points elucidated in this analysis enhance the understanding of the complex interrelationships between dietary components, specifically carbs, and sexual health. Results have implications for lifestyle modifications aimed at improving sexual well‐being. The information contained here will also be beneficial to individuals and healthcare professionals who are looking for evidence‐based approaches to improve their sexual well‐being.
To Enhance the Performance of CI Engine with Using of Additives Based Hybrid Bio Fuel—A Review
Authors: Kumar Harish , Kumar Himansh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe growing demand of sustainable and environment friendly energy sources has spurred research and development efforts towards the integration of biofuels in various applications, particularly in internal combustion engines. Microemulsion technique is a new and innovative alternative to traditional fossil fuel that has gained a significant attention in recent years. This type of bio fuel is made by blending of small amount of biofuel and large amount of conventional diesel fuel. This review paper explores the potential of enhancing the performance of Compression ignition (CI) engines by incorporating additives into hybrid biofuels. The study focuses on the synergistic effects of combining traditional fossil fuels with bio‐derived components, such as ethanol, biodiesel, and other bio‐based additives. This review paper aim is to explore the performance of a 4‐stroke, single‐cylinder, direct injection Compression Ignition (CI) engine at different loads using different fuels blends like CNWEDB, BFNP150, PPNP150, and ME Diesel/Colza oil. The review outlines recent advancements in biofuel technology, including novel production methods and feedstock options, aiming to overcome limitations associated with conventional biofuels. The article aims to investigate the potential of vegetable oil in formulating MHBF, analyzing its performance and emissions in CI engines. The engine performance parameters viz., brake thermal efficiency brake specific fuel consumption have been reviewed and found that these values are comparable to the biodiesel blends with pure petrodiesel. At 60%, 80%, and full load condition the BTE of microemulsion diesel/colza oil is increasing while at 40%, 80%, and full load the BSFC is decreasing. Emissions reported by the various researchers, however, have a positive attribute with respect to NOx, CO, and UHC. At full load CO is decreasing and at all load conditions the value of UHC is decreasing. The paper concludes with a discussion on future research directions, emphasizing the need for continued innovation to address emerging issues and optimize the performance of CI engines for a sustainable and energy‐efficient future.
Alkali Metal‐Doped Fullerenes as Hydrogen Storage—A Quantum Chemical Investigation
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Singh Vijay , Dubey Deen Dayal , Pandey Kamal Kumar , Avaish Mohd , Dwivedi Apoorva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quest for alternative energy sources has been spurred by the drawbacks and environmental risks of fossil fuels, with hydrogen emerging as a viable contender. But finding materials that can effectively store hydrogen with the best adsorption energy is a major obstacle to building a hydrogen‐based economy. As a result, a significant amount of research has been conducted worldwide to examine fullerene's (C60) potential for hydrogen adsorption. The results of extensive DFT calculations are presented here, pertaining to the adsorption of hydrogen molecules onto fullerenes doped with alkali metals, namely Rubidium (Rb), Ceasium (Cs), and Fransium (Fr). The study analyzes a number of parameters, such as global properties, electronic, optical, and surface annihilation energy. These analyses are performed using the Gaussian 09 simulation package with the 6–31G/B3LYP level of theory DFT methodology. The findings show that an exothermic process is involved in the adsorption of hydrogen onto fullerene doped alkali elements, as evidenced by the negative adsorption energy. The attractive interactions between the polarized dipole of hydrogen molecules and the surface dipole of doped fullerenes can be the cause of this exothermicity. These results imply that fullerenes decorated with alkali metals are promising as likely hydrogen storage media.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study on the Nontoxic Alternative of Bisphenol A (BPA) Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Agarwal Parag , Kumar Anuj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBisphenol A is an oil‐derived, large market volume chemical with a wide spectrum of applications in plastics, adhesives, and thermal papers. However, bisphenol A and its derivative are not considered safe due to its endocrine disrupting properties and reproductive toxicity. A nontoxic alternative of bisphenol analogus has been proposed in this study using plant biomass. A study of different DFT‐based QSAR approaches has been done to show the significance of the conceptual DFT‐based selected descriptors with different QSAR models in the prediction of toxicity and to establish meaningful correlations between the molecular structure of the proposed compounds and their toxicological properties. Multiple regression analysis and ANN model are also suggested to use to relate the biological activity with the global and local reactivity descriptors.
To Study the Effects of Microemulsion Based Hybrid Biofuel on Emission Characteristics of CI Engine: A Short Review
Authors: Anand Kul Bhushan , Kumar Himansh , Saxena Vishal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroemulsion based fuels (MBF) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to enhance combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve overall engine performance. This research paper enlightens the effects of physiochemical properties on the emission characteristics of CI engine. The microemulsions are formulated using surfactants, co‐surfactants, water or alcohols, and fuel components. The effects of density, viscosity, calorific value, cold flow properties, and cetane number along with the stability and the multi‐component characteristics of (MBF) has been taken into consideration to examine its effects on Emission characteristics such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). Microemulsion‐based fuels lower emissions of NOx and PM, recognized to the more complete combustion. The review highlights various studies that have investigated the benefits of microemulsion fuels, including reduced emissions of different pollutants and thus reduce the adverse effect on environment.In conclusion, microemulsion‐based fuels show likely physiochemical properties, as well as favorable emission characteristics, with reduced NOx, SOx, CO, PM, and UHC emissions. This study highlights the potential of microemulsion‐based fuels as environment friendly alternatives, flagging the way for further research.
Development of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites: A Critical Review
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Singh Pavan Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFiber reinforced composites are made by reinforcing fibers in a polymeric matrix and shaping them to fit. Natural fibers, on the other hand, such as jute sisal, hemp, flax etc. are increasingly commonly utilized as reinforcements and perform similarly to artificial fibers. Man‐made fibers like as carbon, glass, and kevlar are utilized as reinforcements in the start and have shown to be the best in terms of characteristics, reinforcing capacity, and usefulness. Research investigations also show that when man‐made and natural reinforcements are combined in a hybrid form, the composite characteristics increase significantly. The composite material obtains all of the better qualities of individual fibers as a result of this combination, and when the composite is subjected to varying loads, each fiber gives its own maximal resistance. The chemical and physical properties are further enhanced by including particular reinforcements into polymer matrix composites, which provide whole new features (which has transformed the aerospace, marine, defence, and automobile industry). As a result, the composite would be better in all attributes. The current study provides a thorough examination of the different challenges concerning the synthesis and mechanical characterization of natural fiber reinforces hybrid polymer composites. Future difficulties, as well as areas of use for polymer matrix composites, have been investigated that may aid in the elimination of plastic waste and the reduction of environmental pollution.
Review of the Literature on the Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Solid Acid Fuel Cells
Authors: Singh Pushpanjali , Sharma Amit Kumar , Kumar Pawan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fuel cell carries the promise of being ecologically beneficial and being one of the renewable energy choices. Solid acids have super‐protonic behavior, allowing them to act as conductors. It can operate at high temperatures. Hydration, on the other hand, can be employed to increase the solid acid and performance. Furthermore, the size of the electrolyte membrane influences the conductivity, stability, and crystal structure of the fuel cell solid acid compounds. Very few studies have been conducted on solid acid fuel cells, which are still being researched in order to make them feasible as well as a trustworthy alternative to clean renewable energy. This review presents an outline of the variables or attributes and current challenges that influence the technical efficacy and performance of the unique super‐protonic conductors for solid acid fuel cells.
Contamination Levels and Distribution of Pesticides in Crops and Its Hazardous Effects on Living Beings
Authors: Yadav Himanshu , Kumar Navneet 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFarmers heavily treat crops with fertilizers and pesticides in an effort to maximize production. It causes a great deal of ecological destruction in addition to poor soil health. Crop poisoning can occasionally arise from the overuse of insecticides. Some well‐known pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, and endrin, are members of the organophosphate, organochlorine, and carbamates families and remain in crops for extended periods of time. Remaining organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are thought to be endocrine disruptors and carcinogenic. A person's risk of developing endometriosis, hypopadias, cryptorchidism, and malignancies of the breast, lung, cervix, and prostate may increase if there is an accumulation of OCP in their body. Reports have also linked the effects of OCP exposure to human growth, cerebral development, and psychomotor development. Since they are no longer allowed to be manufactured or used, organochlorine insecticides have raised a great deal of concern because they can still be found in large quantities, even in remote locations. Living things become harmful over an extended period of time when exposed to such chemical residues. Pesticide overuse can have detrimental effects on the food chain and the ecosystem. It entirely changes the pH of the soil and lowers its fertility. Food products can become hazardous to humans if they are consumed soon after a pesticide application. This review study raises important concerns about crops treated with excessive pesticides that endanger human health.
Silver Oxide Nanoparticle Decorated Carbon Nanotube as Efficient Electron Gun
Authors: Parashar Mehak , Banerjee Diptonil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough there have been numerous great field emission reports of pure and hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with ultra‐low turn‐on field and ultra‐high emission stability, practically all of the reports indicate concern about CNT manufacture on a large scale. This is due to the fact that CNT experiments require high pressure, temperature, metal catalysis, and an inert environment, and even after meeting all of these perfect conditions, the yield is quite low. Furthermore, as CNT is relatively inert in nature, it is nearly hard to make it reactive with any other metal without adequate functionalization. Keeping this in mind, this work reports the synthesis of CNT in amorphous form by a simple low‐temperature solid‐state reaction between ammonium chloride and ferrocene. The as‐synthesized CNT is further functionalized by silver oxide nanoparticle without additional functionalization. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the proper phase formation as well as the successful functionalization of the pure and hybrid sample, electron microscopic images confirm the successful functionalization of the as‐prepared CNT whereas Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis gives the ideas about different bonding present in all the samples. It has been found that the hybrid sample gives much better field emission performance compare to the pure CNT with betterment in both turn‐on field and enhancement factor more than 100%. The betterment is believed to be due to the favorable band bending, larger number of emission sites, and sharp curvature of the silver particles.