bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Recent Electrochemical Immunosensing Strategies for Mycotoxins Detection
Authors: Catanante Gaelle , Rhouati Amina , Hayat Akhtar , Marty Jean Louis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectrochemical immunosensors are affinity ligand based biosesnors based on solid state devices in which immunochemical reactions are coupled to a transducer surface to generate the output electrochemical signal. The concept of immunosensor methodology is similar to conventional ELISA based immunoassays; however, in contrast to immunoassays, modern transducer technology permits the highly sensitive quantification of the immune complex in divers ways. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi contaminating food and feed and are responsible for mycotoxicosis with symptoms of intoxication causing substantial effects on animal and human health. Based on the adverse effect, it has been very crucial to develop ultrasensitive sensing methodologies to ensure food safety and prevent risks in agro‐food and environmental sector. For these purposes, many electrochemical immunosensors based on different analyzing techniques have been reported for mycotoxins monitoring. In this review paper, we provided a general overview on the practical aspects of electrochemical imunosensor designs such as assay format, choice of the transducer surface, immobilization methodologies, signal generating probe and type of output electrochemical signal. In doing so, we also reviewed the recent development in electrochemical immunosensor applications for mycotoxin analysis.
Sample preparation, preservation, and storage for volatile fatty acid quantification in biogas plants
Authors: Wagner Andreas O. , Markt Rudolf , Puempel Thomas , Illmer Paul , Insam Heribert , Ebner Christian 
Published: July 2016

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) represent short‐chain fatty acids consisting of six or fewer carbon atoms that can be distilled at atmospheric pressure. In anaerobic digestion processes VFAs are of central importance for maintaining stable reactor performance and biogas production, are used as indicators for arising problems and are important process monitoring parameters. In the present study, sludge derived form a full‐scale anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant was spiked with formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in order to evaluate various commonly used techniques for VFA extraction, preservation, and storage. It was shown that VFA extraction after centrifugation warranted the highest recovery rates for spiked VFAs. Moreover, experiments clearly indicated the importance of a fast sample handling, including the necessity of immediate cooling of the samples. Chemical sample preservation within a narrow time frame or deep freezing emerged as an alternative to instant VFA extraction. Short‐time storage of extracted VFA samples at + 4°C is an option for up to 7 days, for longer periods storage at –20°C was found to be applicable.
Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Foam for Effective Displacement in Porous Media and Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Sun Qian , Zhang Na , Li Zhaomin , Wang Yuhe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFoam flooding is a promising technique for enhancing oil recovery, but the foam instability limits its application. This study investigates the properties of foam stabilized by silica (SiO2) nanoparticles combined with hexylamine. Surface dilational rheology, contact angle, and adsorption measurements have been performed and correlated with the foam stability. The results show that the SiO2/hexylamine dispersion induces a synergistic effect on the foam stability at intermediate hexylamine concentrations. The most stable foam was obtained with the most hydrophobic particles. The dilational viscoelasticity and the adsorption amount followed the same trend as that of foam stability. As a plugging agent, the SiO2/hexylamine foam could block the core with the maximum pressure peak at approximately 0.85 MPa. Moreover, our results indicate that the foam stability, dilational viscoelasticity, and roughness of the bubble surface together might contribute to better plugging performance in porous media.
Determination of the seismic performance factors for post‐tensioned rocking timber wall systems
Authors: Sarti Francesco , Palermo Alessandro , Pampanin Stefano , Berman Jeffrey 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPost‐tensioned technologies for concrete seismic resistant buildings were first developed in the 1990s during the PREcast Seismic Structural Systems program. Among different solutions, the hybrid system proved to be the most resilient solution providing a combination of re‐centering and energy dissipative contributions respectively by using post‐tensioned tendons and mild steel reinforcement. The system, while providing significant strength and energy dissipation, reduces structural element damage and limits post‐earthquake residual displacements. More recently, the technology was extended to laminated veneer lumber (LVL) structural members, and extensive experimental and numerical work was carried out and allowed the development of reliable analytical and numerical models as well as design guidelines. On the basis of the experimental and numerical outcomes, this paper presents the evaluation of the seismic performance factors for post‐tensioned rocking LVL walls using the FEMA P‐695 procedure. Several archetype buildings were designed considering different parameters such as the building and story height, the type of seismic resistant system, the magnitude of gravity loads and the seismic design category. Lumped plasticity models were developed for each index archetype to simulate the behavioral aspects and collapse mechanisms. Non‐linear quasi‐static analyses were carried out to evaluate the system over‐strength factor; moreover, non‐linear time history analyses were performed using the incremental dynamic analysis concept to assess the collapse of each building. From the results of quasi‐static and dynamic analyses the response modification factor, R, system over‐strength factor, Ω0, and deflection amplification factor, Cd, values of, respectively, 7, 3.5 and 7.5 are recommended. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bed material transport estimate in large gravel‐bed rivers using the virtual velocity approach
Authors: Mao Luca , Picco Lorenzo , Lenzi Mario A. , Surian Nicola 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on a first attempt of using the virtual velocity approach to assess sediment mobility and transport in two wide and complex gravel‐bed rivers of northern Italy. Displacement length and virtual velocity of spray‐painted tracers were measured in the field. Also, the thickness of the sediment active layer during floods was measured using scour chains and post‐flood morphological changes as documented by repeated survey of channel cross‐sections. The effects of eight and seven floods were studied on the Tagliamento and Brenta Rivers, where 259 and 277 spray‐painted areas were surveyed, respectively. In the Tagliamento River 36% of the spray‐painted areas experienced partial transport, whereas in the Brenta River this accounted for 20%. Whereas, full removal/gravel deposition was observed on 37% and 26% of these areas on the Tagliamento and Brenta Rivers, respectively. The mean displacement length of particles, the thickness of the active layer and the extent of partial transport are well correlated with the dimensionless shear stress. The virtual velocity approach allowed calculation of bed material transport over a wide range of flood magnitudes. Annual coarse sediment transport was calculated up to 150 for the Tagliamento, and 30 × 103  m3 yr−1 for the Brenta. The outcomes of this work highlight the relevance of partial transport condition, as it could represent more than 70% of the total bed material transported during low‐magnitude floods, and up to 40% for near‐bankfull events. Results confirm that bed material load tends to be overestimated by traditional formulas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agent‐Based Modeling of Collaborative Problem Solving
Authors: Bergner Yoav , Andrews Jessica J. , Zhu Mengxiao , Gonzales Joseph E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCollaborative problem solving (CPS) is a critical competency in a variety of contexts, including the workplace, school, and home. However, only recently have assessment and curriculum reformers begun to focus to a greater extent on the acquisition and development of CPS skill. One of the major challenges in psychometric modeling of CPS is collecting large‐scale data on teams and processes. In this study, we explore the use of agent‐based modeling (ABM) to model the CPS process, test the sensitivity of outcomes to different population characteristics, and generate simulated data that can provide a novel means by which to refine and develop psychometric models. Methods of adapting trait‐based stochastic processes to a specific task are described, and preliminary results are presented.
We Are What We Repeatedly Do—But in What Context? The Role of Situational Factors in Assessing Personality via Nonverbal Behavior
Authors: Klafehn Jennifer , Kell Harrison , Andrews Jessica , Barnwell Patrick , Khan Saad 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhile the vast majority of assessments designed to measure noncognitive skills rely heavily on self‐report, concerns surrounding faking and response bias have led to an increased demand for the development of new and innovative methods by which to measure such traits, particularly in high stakes contexts. The focus of this report is to address one such method—the inference of noncognitive skills, namely personality, through nonverbal behavior—and the role contextual factors may play in influencing the validity of conclusions drawn from its application. Specifically, this report discusses the various ways in which characteristics of the task (e.g., level of cooperation, physical effort) may facilitate or hinder the assessment of personality when personality is being inferred through observable behavior. This discussion is dovetailed by a review of research from the nonverbal assessment and interpersonal task literatures, as well as a synthesis of these literatures to highlight the degree to which situational factors (as manifested through different tasks) influence the assessment of personality via nonverbal behavior. Additionally, the potential value of using noninvasive tools, such as the sociometer, to collect nonverbal behavioral data during these tasks is discussed. The report concludes with a brief commentary on the feasibility of using nonverbal methods to assess noncognitive skills, with a specific focus on the extent to which structuring the context to elicit certain behaviors may influence the validity and robustness of nonverbal responses as a measurement source.
Identifying the Catalytic Active Sites in Heteroatom‐Doped Graphene for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Flyagina I. S. , Hughes K. J. , Mielczarek D. C. , Ingham D. B. , Pourkashanian M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations can be used to help elucidate the structures of active sites on the surface of fuel cell cathode catalysts, which are exceptionally difficult to identify by experimental techniques. The cathode catalysts were modeled in nitrogen‐, boron‐, sulfur‐, and phosphorus‐doped graphene basal planes. Dually‐doped graphene structures combining nitrogen with phosphorus or sulfur are also studied. Potential energy profiles were obtained, and the energies and activation barriers of molecular oxygen binding to the doped graphene model structures were estimated in order to identify potentially active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Among the investigated doped graphene structures, the active sites for molecular oxygen chemisorption are identified in graphene doped with either two nitrogen, or two phosphorus, or one sulfur and one phosphorus atoms. Further, the analysis of atomic spin densities and charges in the model structures enables the correlation of the catalytic activity with electron density distribution.
Embryo Disposition Disputes: Controversies and Case Law
Authors: Cohen I. Glenn , Adashi Eli Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen prospective parents use in vitro fertilization, many of them hope to generate more embryos than they intend to implant immediately. The technology often requires multiple attempts to reach a successful pregnancy, and couples can cryopreserve any excess embryos so that they have them on hand for later attempts. As part of obtaining informed consent for IVF or cryopreservation, clinics typically ask patients to specify their preferences for the embryos in the event of divorce or death, offering options such as use of the embryos by a specified partner, donation to research, or discarding the remaining embryos. Still, many courts face a recurring problem: the partners dissolve their relationship (typically through divorce), and one party wants to use the frozen embryos over the objections of the other. Courts and legislatures have struggled with how to handle these cases, which seem to pit one partner's right to procreate against the other's right not to procreate. In this essay, we use one of the most recent decisions in this line of cases—the Appellate Court of Illinois's decision in Szafranski v. Dunston—to explain the current state of the law and make recommendations for changes. The issue is ripe for revisiting because in the last year, embryo disputes have become a battlefront for larger conflagrations over the moral status of embryos.
Resting‐state networks in 6‐to‐10 year old children
Authors: Muetzel Ryan L. , Blanken Laura M. E. , Thijssen Sandra , van der Lugt Aad , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning , White Tonya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging provides a non‐invasive approach to the study of intrinsic functional brain networks. When applied to the study of brain development, most studies consist of relatively small samples that are not always representative of the general population. Descriptions of these networks in the general population offer important insight for clinical studies examining, for instance, psychopathology or neurological conditions. Thus our goal was to characterize resting‐state networks in a large sample of children using independent component analysis (ICA). The study further aimed to describe the robustness of these networks by examining which networks occur frequently after repeated ICA. Resting‐state networks were obtained from a sample of 536 6‐to‐10 year old children. Distributions of networks were built from repeated subsampling and group ICA analyses, and meta‐ICA was used to construct a representative set of components. Within‐ and between‐network properties were tested for age‐related developmental associations using spatio‐temporal regression. After repeated ICA, many networks were present over 95% of the time suggesting the components are highly reproducible. Some networks were less robust, and were observed less than 70% of the time. Age‐related associations were also observed in a selection of networks, including the default‐mode network, offering further evidence of development in these networks at an early age. ICA‐derived resting‐state networks appear to be robust, although some networks should further scrutinized if subjected to group‐level statistical analyses, such as spatiotemporal regression. The final set of ICA‐derived networks and an age‐appropriate T1‐weighted template are made available to the neuroimaging community, https://www.nitrc.org/projects/genr. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4286–4300, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climate Change and Food Security in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Singh Gurbachan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAchieving food and nutritional security in a scenario of degrading natural resources (water, soil, biodiversity) and climate change seems to be a big challenge. Global warming has triggered the melting of glaciers, sea level rise and submergence of islands/coastal areas, and change in rainfall and temperature pattern over the next century is predicted. Such change is bound to affect water, land and biodiversity patterns which will demand a new set of land‐use patterns including enterprises, commodities, crops and varieties. Effects of climate change have already started impacting on agricultural productivity in several agroclimatic regions and subregions of India. The likely predicted scenario of climate change on agriculture, location‐specific case studies depicting climate change impacts such as drought, cold and heatwaves and required adaptation and mitigation strategies are discussed in this paper. It is emphasized that adaptations of agriculture to climate change will call upon proactive or anticipatory research on enterprises, commodities, crops, varieties and farming systems resilient to cold, heat and moisture stresses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative Skeletal Maturation and Population Ancestry in Nonobese Children and Adolescents
Authors: McCormack Shana E , Chesi Alessandra , Mitchell Jonathan A , Roy Sani M , Cousminer Diana L , Kalkwarf Heidi J , Lappe Joan M , Gilsanz Vicente , Oberfield Sharon E , Shepherd John A , Mahboubi Soroosh , Winer Karen K , Kelly Andrea , Grant Struan FA , Zemel Babette S 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

More rapid skeletal maturation in African-American (AA) children is recognized and generally attributed to an increased prevalence of obesity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of population ancestry on relative skeletal maturation in healthy, non-obese children and adolescents, accounting for body composition and sexual maturation. To do this, we leveraged a multiethnic, mixed-longitudinal study with annual assessments for up to 7 years (The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study and its ancillary cohort) conducted at five US clinical centers. Participants included 1592 children, skeletally immature (45% females, 19% AA) who were aged 5 to 17 years at study entry. The primary outcome measure was relative skeletal maturation as assessed by hand-wrist radiograph. Additional covariates measured included anthropometrics, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and Tanner stage of sexual maturation. Using mixed effects longitudinal models, without covariates, advancement in relative skeletal maturation was noted in self-reported AA girls (∼0.33 years, p &lt; 0.001) and boys (∼0.43 years, p &lt; 0.001). Boys and girls of all ancestry groups showed independent positive associations of height, lean mass, fat mass, and puberty with relative skeletal maturation. The effect of ancestry was attenuated but persistent after accounting for covariates: for girls, 0.19 years (ancestry by self-report, p = 0.02) or 0.29 years (ancestry by admixture, p = 0.004); and for boys, 0.20 years (ancestry by self-report, p = 0.004), or 0.29 years (ancestry by admixture, p = 0.004). In summary, we conclude that advancement in relative skeletal maturation was associated with AA ancestry in healthy, non-obese children, independent of growth, body composition, and puberty. Further research into the mechanisms underlying this observation may provide insights into the regulation of skeletal maturation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Supervisor role overload and frustration as antecedents of abusive supervision: The moderating role of supervisor personality
Authors: Eissa Gabi , Lester Scott W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe current research explores supervisor‐level antecedents of abusive supervision in the workplace. Specifically, this study introduces affective events theory to the abusive supervision literature to suggest that supervisor role overload, a work‐related event, leads to supervisor frustration. As an intense negative emotional reaction, frustration, in turn, triggers supervisors to exhibit abusive behaviors in the workplace. Supervisor personality traits—namely, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness—are also posited to moderate these hypothesized relationships. Specifically, neuroticism is expected to moderate the relationship between role overload and frustration while conscientiousness and agreeableness are expected to moderate the relationship between frustration and abusive supervision. Ultimately, we propose and examine a moderated‐mediation model. Multisource field data demonstrate general support for the hypothesized relationships. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 1998–2013 climatology of Kyushu, Japan: seasonal variations of stability and rainfall
Authors: Poulidis Alexandros P. , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe seasonal variation of the atmospheric structure, vertical shear, stability, and rainfall distribution over the island of Kyushu, southern Japan, is studied using 16 years of observational data, from 1998 to 2013. Over 20 000 twice‐daily rawinsonde observations from the cities of Kagoshima (southern Kyushu) and Fukuoka (northern Kyushu) are utilized along with daily precipitation data from 120 Japan Meteorological Agency stations located across the island. Understanding the local atmospheric circulation and climatological behaviour of the island is important both locally due to the island's large population and regionally, due to its position in relation to the tracks of typhoons generated annually over the Pacific ocean and make landfall here, the rainy season associated with the Asian monsoon, and the large number of active volcanoes located on or near the island, emitting volcanic gases and ash on a daily basis.Using a categorisation based on convective available potential energy and precipitable water, three sounding categories are distinguished, described using the origins of the air masses involved, as seen from trajectory modelling: continental (dry), oceanic (moist/unstable), and mixed (moist/stable). Mean soundings for each category are examined, along with information on their annual and seasonal variability. Each sounding category is linked with a rainfall response: low amounts of rainfall, heavy convective rainfall, and heavy, non‐convective rainfall, respectively. Despite the large difference in the potential for heavy rainfall rates, average daily rainfall rate is similar for the two moist categories, but peak rainfall rates for convective rainfall are twice as large as those for non‐convective. Despite the simplicity of the criteria, the three sounding categories are statistically robust and exhibit a relatively small amount of variability. The monthly combination of the sounding categories is shown to be a deciding factor in the seasonal variation of the atmospheric circulation, weather, and precipitation over the island.