bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromal Expression Profiling Reveals Immune‐Driven Adaption to Malignancy in Canine Melanoma Subtypes
Authors: Beebe Erin , Krudewig Christiane , Motamed Zahra , Malbon Alexandra , Markkanen Enni 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCanine mucosal melanoma (CMM) is the most common oral malignancy in dogs and is significantly more aggressive than its cutaneous counterpart (CCM), yet the reasons for this disparity remain unclear. Cancer‐associated stroma (CAS) plays a crucial role in tumour progression, but a detailed understanding of CAS in canine melanoma is missing. To assess stromal reprogramming, we analysed CAS from 21 CMM, 14 CCM and normal stroma from 10 skin and 9 oral mucosa samples by laser‐capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing. Results were assessed in relation to subtypes, prognostic factors including mitotic count (MC), ulceration, necrosis, pigmentation and immune cell infiltration (CD3, CD20 and CD68), scored using immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridisation. Stromal reprogramming was evident in both subtypes but significantly more pronounced in CMM. Immune‐excluded tumours exhibited higher MC than desert/cold ones. MC strongly correlated with genes associated with B‐cells, T‐helper cells and CTLA4 in CCM, suggesting CAS reprogramming to depend on tumour malignancy. Finally, we identify an immune‐suppressive stromal signature in a subset of CMM characterised by the downregulation of key immune checkpoints and pathways. Together, these findings provide a solid foundation for understanding the role of CAS in canine melanoma, specific to cutaneous and mucosal subtypes.
Sphere fibrations over highly connected manifolds
Authors: Basu Samik , Ghosh Aloke Kr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe construct sphere fibrations over ‐connected ‐manifolds such that the total space is a connected sum of sphere products. More precisely, for even, we construct fibrations , where is a ‐connected ‐dimensional Poincaré duality complex that satisfies , in a localised category of spaces. The construction of the fibration is proved for , where the prime 2, and the primes that occur as torsion in are inverted. In specific cases, by either assuming is small, or assuming is large we can reduce the number of primes that need to be inverted. Integral results are obtained for or 4, and if is bigger than the number of cyclic summands in the stable stem , we obtain results after inverting 2. Finally, we prove some applications for fibrations over , and for looped configuration spaces.
Sharp Curve Trajectory Tracking of a Universal Omni-Wheeled Mobile Robot Using a Sliding Mode Controller
Authors: Amarasiri Nalaka , Barhorst Alan A. , Gottumukkala Raju 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In our previous works, Amarasiri et al. (2022, “Robust Dynamic Modeling and Trajectory Tracking Controller of a Universal Omni-Wheeled Mobile Robot,” ASME Lett. Dyn. Sys. Control 2(4), p. 040902) and Amarasiri et al. (2024, “Investigating Suitable Combinations of Dynamic Models and Control Techniques for Offline Reinforcement Learning Based Navigation: Application of Universal Omni-Wheeled Robots,” ASME Lett. Dyn. Sys. Control 4(2), p. 021007), two dynamic models of a universal omni-wheeled mobile robot (UOWMR), and trajectory-tracking controllers (three linear and one nonlinear) were developed and presented. The purpose of that work was to identify suitable combinations of dynamic models and trajectory-tracking controllers, choosing the combination with the highest tracking accuracy and the lowest solver execution time. The ultimate purpose is to utilize these physics-based tools in a reinforcement learning (RL) agent developed for path planning and navigation in an unstructured environment. Three trajectories were investigated including a smooth path, a sharp curved path, and a smooth path with disturbance forces. The sliding mode controller (SMC) following a trajectory with sharp (right-angled) curves was not investigated in that work. The sharp corners caused indeterminacy in the path derivatives required for the SMC algorithm. In this short article, we complete our studies of the SMC on sharp corner paths utilizing slight trajectory corner smoothing.
Efficacy of an erector spinae plane block for renal colic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Candel Bart Gerard Jan , Visser Laura N , ter Avest Ewoud , Ridderikhof Milan L , De Groot Bas , Jacobs Rens , Weltings Saskia , Groenwold Rolf H H , van Bodegom Leti , van den Hout Wilbert B , Kemper Marleen , Hollmann Markus W 
Published: October 2024

Background and aimThe passage of kidney stones through the ureter creates renal colic, a severe visceral abdominal pain. Renal colic is typically managed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. Yet, these treatments often fail to provide adequate pain relief. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as a potential alternative treatment. This systematic review summarises the current body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of ESPB for renal colic in the ED.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and case series of ESPB in ED patients were conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were electronically searched up to 10 June 2024, for studies that compared ESPB with standard care or placebo. The Cochrane risk of bias-2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed if two or more studies reported the same outcome. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.ResultsFour studies were included, including two RCTs and two case series. A total of 53 patients received an ESPB, compared with 40 patients who received standard care. All studies were rated as having a high overall risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed a large and significant effect of ESPB on pain reduction after 30 min (standardised mean difference (SMD) −1.41 95% CI −1.90 to −0.91) and after 60 min (SMD −1.94 95% CI −3.36 to −0.52), however the level of evidence was downgraded to very low certainty due to substantial heterogeneity (I2=85%), serious concerns of bias and large imprecision. Heterogeneity in other outcome measurements precluded meta-analysis.ConclusionsAlthough statistically significant, there is a low certainty regarding the positive effect of ESPB on pain reduction for renal colic in the ED. High-quality RCTs focusing on patient-reported outcomes are needed to establish the merit of ESPB for this indication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024554077.
Impacts of revised smoke-free regulations under the 2020 Japan Health Promotion Act on cigarette smoking and heated tobacco product use in indoor public places and homes: findings from 2018 to 2021 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Surveys
Authors: Togawa Kayo , Fong Geoffrey T , Quah Anne C K , Meng Gang , Xu Steve S , Quimet Janine , Mochizuki Yumiko , Yoshimi Itsuro , Odani Satomi , Tabuchi Takahiro , Katanoda Kota 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIn April 2020, Japan’s revised Health Promotion Act (HPA) banned cigarette smoking and heated tobacco products (HTP) use in indoor public places but exempted small establishments and permitted smoking-designated/HTP-designated rooms. This pre–post study evaluated the effectiveness of the HPA.MethodsData were from waves 1 to 4 (2018–2021) of the International Tobacco Control Japan Surveys among a national cohort of adults who smoke cigarettes, use HTPs and do not use any tobacco products. The sample sizes in the respective surveys were 4615, 4222, 4387 and 4254. Multivariable logistic regression models employing generalised estimating equations estimated the prevalence of observed and self-reported indoor smoking/HTP use in key public venues (restaurants/cafés, bars/pubs and workplaces), smoke-free places, and homes, and smoke-free/HTP aerosol-free home policies (model 1). The models were additionally adjusted for waves 1–4 to estimate the impacts of the HPA (model 2).ResultsThe implementation of the HPA significantly reduced observed indoor smoking in bars/pubs (model 1: 82.2% (pre) to 55.5% (post), model 2: p=0.04) but not in restaurants/cafés (model 1: 53.0%–24.9%, model 2: p=0.15) or workplaces (model 1: 35.3%–30.1%, model 2: p=0.62). Observed indoor HTP use was also common postimplementation (restaurants/cafés: 19.6%, bars/pubs: 53.9%, workplaces: 36.4%). The implementation of the HPA was associated with a significant increase in observed HTP use in smoke-free places (model 1: 26.3%–33.3%, model 2: p=0.001) and a suggestive increase in homes without HTP aerosol-free policies among adults who smoke (model 1: 64.0%–77.0%, model 2: p=0.09).ConclusionsThe implementation of the HPA was limited in its effectiveness. Comprehensive regulations with no exemptions are needed in Japan.
Analysis of cigar marketing expenditures by product category, placement strategy and geolocation in the USA, from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Carter Chandler C , Binns Steven , Emery Sherry L , Kostygina Ganna 
Published: October 2024

SignificanceThe marketing of cigars, little cigars and cigarillos (CLCCs) and cigar wraps is under-regulated and understudied in the USA. To describe strategies CLCC manufacturers and vendors used to advertise their products across marketing channels, we systematically tracked CLCC marketing expenditures from January 2017 to July 2022.MethodsUsing the Kantar Media’s Strategy (presently Vivvix) platform, we collected marketing expenditures for 624 CLCC products, vendors, venues, events and media outlets. Advertising data were collected from consumer magazines, B-to-B magazines, newspapers, television, radio, outdoor and internet media. Advertising expenditures were aggregated by month, designated market area, manufacturer and product category.ResultsAcross the study period, cigarillo marketing comprised the largest proportion of CLCC product expenditures (49.5%), followed by little/filtered cigars (44.7%). Cigarillos dominated advertising expenditures in 2018 ($19.9M), declined to $1.4M by 2020 when little/filtered cigars emerged as the most promoted category ($10.4M); cigarillos re-surfaced as the top category in 2022. Radio advertising expenditures for CLCCs increased substantially in 2021. Outdoor CLCC vendor expenditures steadily increased during the period. Online marketing expenditures by CLCC vendors increased from 2020 to 2021, and newly reported mobile app expenditures occurred in 2021 ($22K).ConclusionAdvertising expenditures for little/filtered cigars declined following the April 2021 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announcement of forthcoming flavoured cigar sale restrictions. As the FDA considers prohibiting flavoured cigars, it is essential to monitor CLCC marketing expenditures to inform policy design, promotion and implementation efforts. Surveillance of new digital marketing channels is critical as they can readily reach minoritised populations.
Probing the speed of scalar induced gravitational waves from observations
Authors: Li Jun , Guo Guang-Hai , Zu Yongcan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe propagation speed of gravitational waves is a fundamental issue in gravitational theory. According to general relativity, gravitational waves propagate at the speed of light. However, alternative theories of gravity propose modifications to general relativity, including variations in the speed of gravitational waves. In this paper, we investigate scalar-induced gravitational waves that propagate at speeds different from the speed of light. First, we analytically calculate the power spectrum of scalar induced gravitational waves based on the speed and spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations. We then explore several scalar power spectra, deriving corresponding fractional energy densities, including monochromatic spectrum, scale-invariant spectrum, and power-law spectrum. Finally, we constrain scalar-induced gravitational waves and evaluate the signatures of their speed from the combination of CMB+BAO and gravitational wave observations. Our numerical results clearly illustrate the influence of the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves.
The equivalence principle is NOT a Noether symmetry
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe connection between the equivalence principle and Noether’s theorem was discussed in Capozziello and Ferrara (Int J Geom Methods Mod Phys 21:2440014, 2024). However, it is known that the Noether symmetry condition is independent of the equations of motions as follows from Hamilton’s principle. In this paper, we critically examine the analysis presented in the aforementioned work, highlighting its flaws, and provide a detailed demonstration that there is no connection between Noether’s theorem and the equivalence principle. Furthermore, we offer various insights on symmetry analysis to prevent the perpetuation of inaccuracies regarding Noether’s work.
Steiner representations of hypersurfaces
Authors: Antonelli Vincenzo , Casnati Gianfranco 
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an integral hypersurface of degree [Formula: see text]. We show that each locally Cohen–Macaulay instanton sheaf [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text] in the sense of [V. Antonelli and G. Casnati, Instanton sheaves on projective schemes, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 227 (2023) 107246, Definition 1.3] yields the existence of Steiner bundles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] of the same rank [Formula: see text] and a morphism [Formula: see text] such that the form defining [Formula: see text] to the power [Formula: see text] is exactly [Formula: see text]. We inspect several examples for low values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that the form defining a smooth integral surface in [Formula: see text] is the pfaffian of some skew-symmetric morphism [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a suitable Steiner bundle on [Formula: see text] of sufficiently large even rank.
Impact of Trapped Charge on the Breakdown Phenomena in HfO2/Al2O3 — Based Memory Capacitors
Authors: Spassov D. , Paskaleva A. , Guziewicz E. , Ivanov Tz. , Stanchev T. , Davidović V. , Veljković S. , Mitrović N. , Danković D. 
Published: October 2024

Voltage ramp and constant voltage stress (CVS) measurements have been implemented to investigate the breakdown (BD) processes in charge trapping (CT) memory cells with atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated stacks. The impact of tunneling oxide thickness as well as post-deposition annealing of memory stacks on the BD characteristics is also studied. The redistribution of the electric field in different parts of the stack due to CT has been calculated and taken into consideration when discussing the BD phenomena. The results imply that there are two BD mechanisms in the charge-trapping stacks — current-driven BD in the high-k part of the stack and voltage-driven BD of the thin tunneling SiO2. Each of these mechanisms could dominate depending on the measurement mode (voltage ramp or CVS) and/or trapped charge in the structure. The electric BD is accompanied by a positive charge build-up and generation of interface states at SiO2/Si interface. Annealing in O2 suppresses these processes.
China’s Strategic Engagement in the Middle East: Navigating the Belt and Road Initiative and U.S. Leverage of the Abraham Accords
Authors: Ali Majid 
Published: October 2024

It has been a subject of considerable scholarly interest ever since the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Israel signed the Abraham Accords brokered President of the United States in September 2020. However, little has been written about the impact of the Accords on China’s belt and road initiative (BRI) in the Middle East. Both scholars and politicians, including the Chinese leadership, have welcomed the move, but U.S. involvement in the implementation of the deal has raised some doubts. Since the United States openly opposes the BRI and overcoming China is one of the goals of its foreign policy. Under U.S. pressure, Israel has scrapped several agreements with China. The study examines how the Abraham Accords can escape the U.S. control trap against China’s BRI in the Middle East. It concludes that it is difficult for these countries to avoid U.S. influence, but that any country that has previously held bilateral talks with China will have to persuade the United States to abide by their previous agreements.
Autophagy Improves Inflammatory Response in Sepsis Accompanied by Changes in Gut Microbiota
Authors: Wang La , Wang WenJia , Jiang GuiTong , Ke ZunLi , Luo RuiXi , Tian WeiYi 
Published: October 2024

Background: Sepsis is defined as a life‐threatening disease. Autophagy and the microbiome are increasingly connected with sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of autophagy and the possible mechanisms.Methods: The septic rat model was established by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). Rapamycin (Rap), 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), and chloroquine (CQ) were administered to interfere autophagy. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of key proteins in autophagy. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to identify the effect of autophagy on various organs. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the changes of the gut microbiota.Results: Rap significantly upregulated the expression of key autophagy proteins, and 3‐MA reduced the relative expression compared to the CLP group. The autophagic flux showed a corresponding trend. Interestingly, the autophagy inducer significantly decreased the mortality and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in serum compared with the CLP group. Autophagy activation significantly improves the inflammatory response in sepsis. Histopathological sections showed that CLP destroyed the tight junctions between ileal epithelial cells, while autophagy induction reversed the damage. The sequencing results showed that autophagy activation increased the alpha diversity and alterted the composition and structure of gut microbiota. The abundance of Proteobacteria was markedly decreased in the Rap group, whereas Bacteroidetes was notably increased compared with the CLP group. Additionally, the protective effect of autophagy further changed the biomarkers in the microbial community. The top 35 functions in each sample were analyzed to obtain 18 genes including RNA synthesis, ATP binding and transport, chromosome assignment, osmotic polysaccharide transport, transcytosis, and methylation.Conclusion: Autophagy is able to improve inflammation and may directly or indirectly regulate the microbiota of septic rats. Autophagy may be an important target for future clinical interventions in the treatment of sepsis.
PRMT5 Maintains Tumor Stem Cells to Promote Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Tumorigenesis
Authors: DeSisto John , Balakrishnan Ilango , Knox Aaron J. , Link Gabrielle , Venkataraman Sujatha , Vibhakar Rajeev , Green Adam L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (PHGG) are aggressive, undifferentiated central nervous system tumors with poor outcomes, for which no standard-of-care drug therapy currently exists. Through a knockdown (KD) screen for epigenetic regulators, we identified PRMT5 as essential for PHGG cell growth. We hypothesized that, similar to its effect in normal cells, PRMT5 promotes self-renewal of stem-like PHGG tumor-initiating cells essential for tumor growth. We conducted in vitro analyses, including limiting dilution studies of self-renewal, to determine the phenotypic effects of PRMT5 KD. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to identify PRMT5-mediated epigenetic changes and performed gene set enrichment analysis to identify pathways that PRMT5 regulates. Using an orthotopic xenograft model of PHGG, we tracked survival and histologic characteristics resulting from PRMT5 KD or administration of a PRMT5 inhibitor ± radiation therapy. In vitro, PRMT5 KD slowed cell-cycle progression, tumor growth and self-renewal, and altered chromatin occupancy at genes associated with differentiation, tumor formation, and growth. In vivo, PRMT5 KD increased survival and reduced tumor aggressiveness; however, pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 with or without radiation therapy did not improve survival. PRMT5 KD epigenetically reduced tumor-initiating cells’ self-renewal, leading to increased survival in preclinical models. Pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 enzymatic activity may have failed in vivo due to insufficient reduction of PRMT5 activity by chemical inhibition, or this failure may suggest that nonenzymatic activities of PRMT5 are more relevant.
Implications: PRMT5 maintains and promotes the growth of stem-like cells that initiate and drive tumorigenesis in PHGG.
Abstract A003: DPEP1 maintains microsatellite stability in colorectal cancer at the tumor microenvironment interface
Authors: Glass Sarah , Bechard Matthew , Cao Zheng , Aramnadla Radhika , Zhao Ping , Ellis Samuel , Fisher Elizabeth , Revetta Frank , Washington M. Kay , Ayers Gregory , Heiser Cody , Windon Annika , Markham Nicholas , Shrubsole Martha , Lau Ken , Coffey Robert J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
DPEP1 is a well-established GPI-linked dipeptidase whose expression is highly upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Its enzymatic function includes extracellular processing of glutathione and leukotrienes, which has been linked to invasion and metastasis in CRC. More recently, it was found to serve as a receptor for neutrophils when expressed by activated endothelial cells. It is unknown whether neutrophils bind to DPEP1-expressing CRC cells and whether this impacts features of CRC. Neutrophils have been shown to accumulate and exclude cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in CRC with DPEP1 being identified as a key gene in immune exclusion that has not been functionally evaluated. Herein, we show that neutrophils bind CRC cells that express DPEP1 and that DPEP1 is preferentially expressed in microsatellite stable CRCs, in which there are a paucity of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, DPEP1 is negatively correlated with microsatellite unstable CRCs, which are T cell-rich and have a much higher propensity to respond to immunotherapy. Notably, carcinogen-treated DPEP1 null mice develop multiple, large, plaque-like, locally invasive adeno-squamous carcinomas with markedly reduced DNA repair protein expression and neutrophil presence but exhibited an influx of CD8+ T cell within the tumor. These results establish DPEP1’s importance in maintaining MSS CRC and its ability to shape the tumor microenvironment.
Citation Format: Sarah Glass, Matthew Bechard, Zheng Cao, Radhika Aramnadla, Ping Zhao, Samuel Ellis, Elizabeth Fisher, Frank Revetta, M. Kay Washington, Gregory Ayers, Cody Heiser, Annika Windon, Nicholas Markham, Martha Shrubsole, Ken Lau, Robert J Coffey. DPEP1 maintains microsatellite stability in colorectal cancer at the tumor microenvironment interface [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A003.