bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic revision of Camarosporium (Pleosporineae, Dothideomycetes) and allied genera
Authors: Wanasinghe D.N. , Hyde K.D. , Jeewon R. , Crous P.W. , Wijayawardene N.N. , Jones E.B.G. , Bhat D.J. , Phillips A.J.L. , Groenewald J.Z. , Dayarathne M.C. , Phukhamsakda C. , Thambugala K.M. , Bulgakov T.S. , Camporesi E. , Gafforov Y.S. , Mortimer P.E. , Karunarathna S.C. 
Published: August 2017

A concatenated dataset of LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1 DNA sequence data was analysed to investigate the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Camarosporium in Pleosporineae (Dothideomycetes). Newly generated sequences from camarosporium-like
taxa collected from Europe (Italy) and Russia form a well-supported monophyletic clade within Pleosporineae. A new genus Camarosporidiella and a new family Camarosporidiellaceae are established to accommodate these taxa. Four new species, Neocamarosporium korfii,
N. lamiacearum, N. salicorniicola and N. salsolae, constitute a strongly supported clade with several known taxa for which the new family, Neocamarosporiaceae, is introduced. The genus Staurosphaeria based on S. lycii is resurrected
and epitypified, and shown to accommodate the recently introduced genus Hazslinszkyomyces in Coniothyriaceae with significant statistical support. Camarosporium quaternatum, the type species of Camarosporium and Camarosporomyces flavigena cluster together
in a monophyletic clade with significant statistical support and sister to the Leptosphaeriaceae. To better resolve interfamilial/intergeneric level relationships and improve taxonomic understanding within Pleosporineae, we validate Camarosporiaceae to accommodate Camarosporium
and Camarosporomyces. The latter taxa along with other species are described in this study.
An Inter-regional US Blood Supply Simulation Model to Evaluate Blood Availability to Support Planning for Emergency Preparedness and Medical Countermeasures
Authors: Simonetti Arianna , Ezzeldin Hussein , Walderhaug Mark , Anderson Steven A. , Forshee Richard A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesPlanning for a response to threats like pandemics or mass casualty events is a national priority. The US blood supply system can be particularly vulnerable to such events. It is important to understand the impacts of emergency situations on blood availability and the resiliency of the US blood supply system.MethodsOn the basis of the Stock-and-Flow simulation model of the US blood supply system, we developed an inter-regional blood transfer system representing the action of multiple blood collectors and distributors to enable effective planning of strategies to minimize collection and donation disruptions to the blood supply system in the event of a national emergency.ResultsWe simulated a pandemic or mass casualty event on both a national and an inter-regional blood supply system. Differences in the estimated impacts demonstrated the importance of incorporating spatial and temporal variations of blood collection and utilization across US regions. The absence of blood shortage in both emergency scenarios highlighted the resilience of the inter-regional system to meet the potential associated blood demand.ConclusionsOur inter-regional model considered complex factors and can be a valuable tool to assist regulatory decision-making and strategic planning for emergency preparedness to avoid and mitigate associated adverse health consequences. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:201–210)
Long-term Recovery From Hurricane Sandy: Evidence From a Survey in New York City
Authors: Petkova Elisaveta P. , Beedasy Jaishree , Oh Eun Jeong , Sury Jonathan J. , Sehnert Erin M. , Tsai Wei-Yann , Reilly Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine a range of factors influencing the long-term recovery of New York City residents affected by Hurricane Sandy.MethodsIn a series of logistic regressions, we analyzed data from a survey of New York City residents to assess self-reported recovery status from Hurricane Sandy.ResultsGeneral health, displacement from home, and household income had substantial influences on recovery. Individuals with excellent or fair health were more likely to have recovered than were individuals with poor health. Those with high and middle income were more likely to have recovered than were those with low income. Also, individuals who had not experienced a decrease in household income following Hurricane Sandy had higher odds of recovery than the odds for those with decreased income. Additionally, displacement from the home decreased the odds of recovery. Individuals who applied for assistance from the Build it Back program and the Federal Emergency Management Agency had lower odds of recovering than did those who did not apply.ConclusionsThe study outlines the critical importance of health and socioeconomic factors in long-term disaster recovery and highlights the need for increased consideration of those factors in post-disaster interventions and recovery monitoring. More research is needed to assess the effectiveness of state and federal assistance programs, particularly among disadvantaged populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:172–175)
More-complete remains ofProcolpochelys charlestonensis(Oligocene, South Carolina), an occurrence ofEuclastes(upper Eocene, South Carolina), and their bearing on Cenozoic pancheloniid sea turtle distribution and phylogeny
Authors: Weems Robert E. , Brown K. Mace 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew and more-complete material ofProcolpochelys charlestonensisWeems and Sanders, 2014 provides the first detailed information on the skull, jaw, and plastron of this species, which occurs in the Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge formations near Charleston, South Carolina. This material allows a much more detailed comparison of this turtle with the co-occurring pancheloniid speciesAshleychelys palmeriWeems and Sanders, 2014 andCarolinochelys wilsoniHay, 1923a, as well as with its Miocene successorProcolpochelys grandaeva(Leidy, 1851). Fused dentaries, found in the Cooper River north of Charleston, belong to the pancheloniid genusEuclastes, previously known only from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene. This specimen, apparently from the upper Eocene Parkers Ferry Formation, expands the temporal range of this genus and indicates thatEuclastessurvived in the North Atlantic basin far longer than was previously known. These new finds, combined with previous records of fossil pancheloniid sea turtles, provide an improved picture of the temporal distribution, evolutionary trends, and likely phylogeny of pancheloniids from the Late Cretaceous to the present.
Genomics of lactation: role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in the fatty acid composition of human milk
Authors: Sosa-Castillo Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Cruz Maricela , Moltó-Puigmartí Carolina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman milk covers the infant’s nutrient requirements during the first 6 months of life. The composition of human milk progressively changes during lactation and it is influenced by maternal nutritional factors. Nowadays, it is well known that nutrients have the ability to interact with genes and modulate molecular mechanisms impacting physiological functions. This has led to a growing interest among researchers in exploring nutrition at a molecular level and to the development of two fields of study: nutrigenomics, which evaluates the influence of nutrients on gene expression, and nutrigenetics, which evaluates the heterogeneous individual response to nutrients due to genetic variation. Fatty acids are one of the nutrients most studied in relation to lactation given their biologically important roles during early postnatal life. Fatty acids modulate transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, which in turn causes a variation in the proportion of lipids in milk. This review focuses on understanding, on the one hand, the gene transcription mechanisms activated by maternal dietary fatty acids and, on the other hand, the interaction between dietary fatty acids and genetic variation in genes involved in lipid metabolism. Both of these mechanisms affect the fatty acid composition of human milk.
Effects of different dietary DHA:EPA ratios on gonadal steroidogenesis in the marine teleost, tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
Authors: Xu Houguo , Cao Lin , Wei Yuliang , Zhang Yuanqin , Liang Mengqing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary DHA and EPA on gonadal steroidogenesis in mature females and males, with a feeding trial on tongue sole, a typical marine teleost with sexual dimorphism. Three experimental diets differing basically in DHA:EPA ratio, that is, 0·68 (diet D:E-0·68), 1·09 (D:E-1·09) and 2·05 (D:E-2·05), were randomly assigned to nine tanks of 3-year-old tongue sole (ten females and fifteen males in each tank). The feeding trail lasted for 90 d before and during the spawning season. Fish were reared in a flowing seawater system and fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Compared with diet D:E-0·68, diet D:E-1·09 significantly enhanced the oestradiol production in females, whereas diet D:E-2·05 significantly enhanced the testosterone production in males. In ovaries, diet D:E-1·09 induced highest mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). In testes, diet 2·05 resulted in highest mRNA expression of FSHR, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450c17 and 3β-HSD. Fatty acid profiles in fish tissues reflected closely those of diets. Female fish had more gonadal EPA content but less DHA content than male fish, whereas there was a reverse observation in liver. In conclusion, the dietary DHA:EPA ratio, possibly combined with the dietary EPA:arachidonic acid ratio, differentially regulated sex steroid hormone synthesis in mature female and male tongue soles. Females seemed to require more EPA but less DHA for the gonadal steroidogenesis than males. The results are beneficial to sex-specific nutritive strategies in domestic teleost.
Favourable nutrient intake and displacement with long-term walnut supplementation among elderly: results of a randomised trial
Authors: Bitok Edward , Jaceldo-Siegl Karen , Rajaram Sujatha , Serra-Mir Mercè , Roth Irene , Feitas-Simoes Tania , Ros Emilio , Sabaté Joan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOlder adults tend to require fewer energy content and higher levels of nutrients to promote and maintain optimal health. Regrettably, dietary variety and quality are known to decline with advancing age. We conducted a 2-year prospective, randomised, dietary intervention trial where we asked free-living elderly subjects (63–79 years) on self-selected habitual diets to incorporate walnuts daily into their diet (15 % energy). We then compared their nutrient intake with that of a similar group of concurrent participants on self-selected habitual diets but abstaining from walnut consumption (control). No recipes or advice on use of nuts were provided. Dietary intake was assessed by multiple unannounced 24-h telephone dietary recalls. On average, walnut supplement consumption was 43 g/d or 1171·5 kJ (281 kcal). The mean daily energy intake was 954 kJ (228 kcal) higher in the walnut group than in the control group (P<0·001). Compared with control, participants in the walnut group reported significantly higher intake of total protein, vegetable protein, total PUFA andn-3 andn-6 PUFA; and significantly lower intake of total carbohydrate, animal protein, SFA, and Na. An estimated 19 % of total energy and 25 % of total fat from other food sources was displaced. Displacement of MUFA and total PUFA was 21 and 16 %, respectively. Thus adding a daily supplement of walnuts to anad libitumdiet of older adults can induce favourable modifications to the nutrient profile in a way that addresses declining nutrient intake associated with aging.
THE PETER HART AFFAIR IN PERSPECTIVE: HISTORY, IDEOLOGY, AND THE IRISH REVOLUTION
Authors: MCBRIDE IAN 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPeter Hart's monograph, The IRA and its enemies: violence and community in Cork, 1916–1923, has been the subject of a rancorous debate in Ireland since its publication in 1998. In academic journals, in the press, and in the electronic media, Hart has been accused repeatedly of deliberately distorting evidence. The controversy turns on Hart's depiction of Irish revolutionary violence, and in particular upon a chapter entitled ‘Taking it out on the Protestants’, in which the IRA was portrayed as fundamentally sectarian. This article seeks to address a question that must occasionally trouble all of us: what are historical disagreements really about? To achieve a wider perspective on the Peter Hart affair it considers the famous row over historical ‘fabrication’ ignited by David Abraham's The collapse of the Weimar Republic (1981) and Keith Windschuttle's assault on Lyndall Ryan's book The Aboriginal Tasmanians (1981; 2nd edition 1996). The comparison suggests that when historians fall out over footnotes there is more involved than scholarly propriety.
THOMAS CARLYLE ON EPICUREANISM IN THE FRENCH AND GERMAN ENLIGHTENMENTS
Authors: JORDAN ALEXANDER 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe young Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) had perused many of the Epicurean writings of the French Enlightenment. According to Carlyle, such ‘Epicureanism’ consisted primarily in an emphasis upon pleasure and pain as the springs of human action, and a positing of self-interest as the foundation of sociability. However, Carlyle soon came to reject such notions, seeking salvation in the writings of Kant and Schiller, who stressed the possibility of disinterested virtue, and the importance of free, moral activity. Indeed, the Epicureanism debate continued to resonate in Carlyle's subsequent political writings, and particularly his notorious polemics againstlaissez-faireand ‘public opinion’. Finally, in Carlyle's last major work,Frederick the Great, he found himself faced with the unenviable task of painting an Epicurean into a patina of heroic virtue. Despite his best efforts, however, Carlyle's biography remained haunted by the spectre of Epicureanism. Nonetheless, as Carlyle's contemporaries recognized, his writings had done much not only to discredit the Epicureanism of the French eighteenth century, but also to shape the moral and political ideals of the British nineteenth.
Studies in vitro on infectivity and sensitivity to antileishmanial drugs in New World Leishmania species transfected with the green fluorescent protein [pIR3(-)-eGFP]
Authors: PALACIOS GENESIS , PARODI ADRIANA , UPEGUI YULIETH A. , MONTOYA ANDRES , PULIDO SERGIO , VÉLEZ IVÁN D. , ROBLEDO SARA M. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYCurrent chemotherapeutic agents for leishmaniasis have several disadvantages interfering with the effective treatment and therefore more and better antileishmanial drugs are needed. Discovery of candidates for leishmaniasis treatment requires not only accurate and precise methodologies but also well-known biological system to measure infectivity of parasites and antileishmanial activity of the new compounds. Significant variation in the in vitro and in vivo infectivity and sensitivity to established and experimental drugs in Leishmania strains are reported. This work reports the in vitro biological behavior and antileishmanial drugs sensitivity of different green fluorescent protein transfectant Leishmanias strains. The in vitro growth kinetic and infectivity to U937 cells vary slightly in the Leishmania transfectant strains in comparison with their correspondant wild-type. However, the insertion of the pIR3(-)-eGFP may affect the sensitivity of the parasites to meglumine antimoniate (MA) and miltefosine but not to amphotericin B (AMB) and pentamidine isethionate. In consequence, AMB or pentamidine isethionate but not MA or miltefosine should be used as antileishmanial control drugs during in vitro assays of antileishmanial activity. Furthermore, is recommended to test compounds against more than one Leishmania strain in order to verify that the antileihmanial activity of these compound is similar among species.
Stage-dependent behavioural changes but early castration induced by the acanthocephalan parasitePolymorphus minutusin itsGammarus pulexintermediate host
Authors: BAILLY YANN , CÉZILLY FRANK , RIGAUD THIERRY 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYMultidimensionality in parasite-induced phenotypic alterations (PIPA) has been observed in a large number of host–parasite associations, particularly in parasites with complex life cycles. However, it is still unclear whether such a syndrome is due to the successive activation of independent PIPAs, or results from the synchronous disruption of a single mechanism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the onset and progression of two PIPAs (a behavioural alteration: reversion of geotaxis, and castration) occurring in the crustacean amphipodGammarus pulexinfected with the acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutus, at different parasite developmental stages. Modifications of geotaxis in hosts differed according to the parasite developmental stage. Whereas the cystacanth stage induced a negative geotaxis (exposing the gammarid to predation by birds, the definitive hosts), the acanthella stage, not yet infective for the definitive host, induced a stronger positive geotaxis (presumably protecting gammarids from bird predation). In contrast, castration was almost total at the acanthella stage, with no significant variation in the intensity according to parasite maturation. Finally, no significant correlation was found between the intensity of behavioural changes and the intensity of castration. We discuss our results in relation with current views on the evolution of multidimensionality in PIPA.
Parasitic nematodes of the genusSyphaciaSeurat, 1916 infecting Muridae in the British Isles, and the peculiar case ofSyphacia frederici
Authors: STEWART ALEX , LOWE ANN , SMALES LESLEY , BAJER ANNA , BRADLEY JAN , DWUŻNIK DOROTA , FRANSSEN FRITS , GRIFFITH JACK , STUART PETER , TURNER CYAN , ZALEŚNY GRZEGORZ , BEHNKE JERZY M. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYSyphacia stroma(von Linstow, 1884) Morgan, 1932 andSyphacia fredericiRoman, 1945 are oxyurid nematodes that parasitize two murid rodents,Apodemus sylvaticusandApodemus flavicollis,on the European mainland. OnlyS. stromahas been recorded previously inApodemusspp. from the British Isles. Despite the paucity of earlier reports, we identifiedS. fredericiin four disparate British sites, two in Nottinghamshire, one each in Berkshire and Anglesey, Wales. Identification was based on their site in the host (caecum and not small intestine), on key morphological criteria that differentiate this species fromS. stroma(in particular the tail of female worms) and by sequencing two genetic loci (cytochrome C oxidase 1 gene and a section of ribosomal DNA). Sequences derived from both genetic loci of putative BritishS. fredericiisolates formed a tight clade with sequences from continental worms known to beS. frederici, clearly distinguishing these isolates fromS. stromawhich formed a tight clade of its own, distinct from clades representative ofSyphacia obvelatafromMusandS. murisfromRattus. The data in this paper therefore constitute the first record ofS. fredericifrom British wood mice, and confirm the status of this species as distinct from bothS. obvelataandS. stroma.
The nature and efficacy of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Degnan A. , Baker S. , Edge D. , Nottidge W. , Noke M. , Press C. J. , Husain N. , Rathod S. , Drake R. J. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundEvidence-based psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia founded on Western belief systems and values may not be efficacious in different cultures without adaptation. This systematic review analyses the nature and outcomes of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia, examining how interventions have been adapted, their efficacy and what features drive heterogeneity in outcome.MethodArticles identified by searching electronic databases from inception to 3 March 2016, reference lists and previous reviews were independently screened by two authors for eligible controlled trials. Data on the nature of adaptations was analysed inductively using thematic analyses. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models to calculate effect sizes (Hedges’ g) for symptoms.ResultsForty-six studies with 7828 participants were included, seven adapted for minority populations. Cultural adaptations were grouped into nine themes: language, concepts and illness models, family, communication, content, cultural norms and practices, context and delivery, therapeutic alliance, and treatment goals. Meta-analyses showed significant post-treatment effects in favour of adapted interventions for total symptom severity (n = 2345, g: −0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.36 to −0.09), positive (n = 1152, g: −0.56, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.26), negative (n = 855, g: −0.39, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.15), and general (n = 525, g: −0.75, CI −1.21 to −0.29) symptoms.ConclusionsThe adaptation process can be described within a framework that serves as a benchmark for development or assessment of future adaptations. Culturally adapted interventions were more efficacious than usual treatment in proportion to the degree of adaptation. There is insufficient evidence to show that adapted interventions are better than non-adapted interventions. Features of context, intervention and design influenced efficacy. Investigating whether adaptation improves efficacy, most importantly amongst ethnic minorities, requires better designed trials with comparisons against unadapted interventions.
Robot-to-human feedback and automatic object grasping using an RGB-D camera–projector system
Authors: Shen Jinglin , Gans Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel system for human–robot interaction in object-grasping applications. Consisting of an RGB-D camera, a projector and a robot manipulator, the proposed system provides intuitive information to the human by analyzing the scene, detecting graspable objects and directly projecting numbers or symbols in front of objects. Objects are detected using a visual attention model that incorporates color, shape and depth information. The positions and orientations of the projected numbers are based on the shapes, positions and orientations of the corresponding objects. Users select a grasping target by indicating the corresponding number. Projected arrows are then created on the fly to guide a robotic arm to grasp the selected object using visual servoing and deliver the object to the human user. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate how the system is used in robot grasping tasks.