bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CSR: retailer activities vs consumer buying decisions
Authors: Elg Ulf , Hultman Jens 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a retailer’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and image influence consumer perceptions regarding the firm’s social responsibility, and how CSR aspects influence consumers buying decisions in store for a specific product.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative case study method is used, including interviews, document studies and observations. The CSR approach of a Swedish retailer is investigated at corporate level and in the store, and how this interacts with the views of consumers as they make decisions regarding the purchase of a disposable product.

Findings
– The authors propose the concept CSR identity to capture the internal efforts and positioning that a retailer attempts to achieve. Store activities and external independent stakeholders will have a main influence on whether the identity is regarded as credible by consumers. Furthermore, factors such as self-image and influences from the social network will influence whether a consumer will be committed to prioritize CSR aspects in the store.

Practical implications
– Gaps between the retailer and the consumer perspective on CSR, particularly relevant for disposable, low-involvement products are identified. It is critical for retailers to be aware of and address these gaps.

Originality/value
– The study captures corporate level, store level and consumer behaviour for a single retailer and is able to reflect upon how specific activities from the retailer interact with consumer attitudes and activities in the store. The authors connect various streams of research on CSR and retailing into one consistent framework.
Hydrologically contrasting environments induce genetic but not phenotypic differentiation in Solanum dulcamara
Authors: Zhang Qian , Peters Janny L. , Visser Eric J. W. , de Kroon Hans , Huber Heidrun 
Published: August 2016

Summary

In contrasting habitats, locally adapted populations are expected to evolve through directional selection. Hydrological gradients provide a scenario where strong selection forces have led to species segregation in communities along the hydrological niche axes due to specific adaptations to their ambient environment. However, much less is known about the processes enabling species with wide ecological amplitudes, such as Solanum dulcamara L., to occupy the contrasting niches at the far ends of the gradient. Here, we investigate the question whether local adaptation is indeed the driving mechanism enabling this species to inhabit contrasting wet and dry habitats.

Using molecular analyses and performing a common garden experiment, we examined whether genetic and phenotypic differentiation had occurred between populations originating from flooding‐ and drought‐prone habitat pairs from nine different locations. We also tested whether plants were better adapted to their home site stress.

We found a significant genetic variation but hardly any phenotypic differentiation between populations from contrasting habitats for plants grown under optimal conditions. Surprisingly, comparison of the genetic differentiation in neutral markers with that in phenotypic traits using the QST‐FST (estimated by ФPT) approach revealed that the QST values were consistently and significantly smaller than the ФPT values. This is in contrast to the hypothesis that directional selection is an important component enabling S. dulcamara to survive under contrasting habitat conditions. In addition, no home site effects were detected for responses to flooding and drought treatments. All plants were characterized by high levels of plasticity for traits associated with flooding and drought tolerance, such as rapid adventitious root formation upon flooding and increased root to shoot ratio in response to drought, irrespective of habitat of origin. Moreover, no trade‐offs in such flooding and drought responses were found.

Synthesis. Our results show that S. dulcamara has not evolved locally adapted populations in response to flooding and drought stress, despite genetic differentiation and despite the presumably strong selection gradient. The generally high levels of adaptive plasticity in traits increasing flooding and drought tolerance may be the main mechanism allowing S. dulcamara to occupy hydrologically contrasting habitats.
Short‐term outcome of substance‐induced psychotic disorder in a large UK first episode psychosis cohort
Authors: Thompson A. , Marwaha S. , Winsper C. , Everard L. , Jones P. B. , Fowler D. , Amos T. , Freemantle N. , Singh S. P. , Marshall M. , Sharma V. , Birchwood M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe incidence and outcome of first‐episode substance‐induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) are unclear. The study aimed to compare the 1‐year outcomes of those given a SIPD diagnosis by clinicians compared to other psychosis diagnoses in a first‐episode cohort.MethodData were from a large (n = 1027) cohort of first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients admitted to early intervention services in the UK (National EDEN). Diagnosis, including that of SIPD, was made by treating psychiatrists at baseline using ICD10 criteria. Details on symptoms, functioning, quality of life, relapse and recovery were available at baseline and 12 months.ResultsThere were 67 cases of SIPD (6.5% of the cohort). At baseline, SIPD patients were no different to other psychoses on symptoms, functioning and quality of life. At 12 months, there was no difference in SIPD and other psychoses on functioning, quality of life or relapse and recovery rates. Levels of psychotic and general symptomatology were similar but depressive symptoms were higher in the SIPD group.ConclusionsFirst‐episode psychosis patients with a diagnosis of SIPD do not appear to have better outcomes than those with other primary psychotic diagnoses. The higher levels of depressive symptoms may be a specific marker in these patients.
Diagnosis and clinical management of melanoma patients at higher risk of a new primary melanoma: A population‐based study in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Watts Caroline G , Madronio Christine M , Morton Rachael L , Goumas Chris , Armstrong Bruce K , Curtin Austin , Menzies Scott W , Mann Graham J , Thompson John F , Cust Anne E 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo describe the method of diagnosis, clinical management and adherence to clinical practice guidelines for melanoma patients at high risk of a subsequent primary melanoma, and compare this with melanoma patients at lower risk.MethodsThe Melanoma Patterns of Care study was a population‐based, observational study based on doctors’ reported clinical management of melanoma patients in New South Wales, Australia, diagnosed with in situ or invasive melanoma over a 12‐month period from October 2006. Of 2605 patients with localised melanoma, 1019 (39%) were defined as at higher risk due to the presence of one or more of the following factors: a family history of melanoma (11%), multiple primary melanomas (17%), or many naevi (24%).ResultsCompared to patients at lower risk, high risk patients were more likely to receive their initial care from a primary care physician (56% vs 50%, P = 0.002), have their melanoma detected during a routine skin check (40% vs 33%, P < 0.001), have their lesion assessed with dermoscopy (63% vs 56%, P = 0.002), and be encouraged to have skin surveillance (84% vs 77%, P < 0.001) and skin self‐examination (87% vs 83%, P = 0.03). Higher socioeconomic status and urban residence were associated with patients at higher risk receiving initial treatment from a specialist doctor.ConclusionsClinical management of higher risk patients was more likely to conform to clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and skin surveillance than to melanoma patients at lower risk.
Pimasertib, a selective oral MEK1/2 inhibitor: absolute bioavailability, mass balance, elimination route, and metabolite profile in cancer patients
Authors: von Richter Oliver , Massimini Giorgio , Scheible Holger , Udvaros Istvan , Johne Andreas 
Published: August 2016

AimThis trial (NCT: 01713036) investigated the absolute bioavailability, mass balance and metabolite profile of pimasertib in a new design combining these investigations in a single group of patients.MethodsSix male patients with pathologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >1. In Part A of the trial, patients received a 60 mg oral dose of unlabelled pimasertib followed by an intravenous (i.v.) tracer dose of [14C]pimasertib 2 μg (equalling 9 kBq) as a bolus injection, one hour after the oral dose, on Day 1. On Day 8, all patients received 60 mg pimasertib capsules spiked with 2.6 MBq of [14C]pimasertib. Patients received 60 mg oral unlabelled pimasertib twice daily from Day 3 to Day 21 of Part A and in subsequent 21‐day cycles in Part B.ResultsFollowing i.v. administration, [14C]pimasertib exhibited a geometric mean total body clearance of 45.7 l h−1 (geometric coefficient of variation [geometric CV]: 47.2%) and a volume of distribution of 229 l (geometric CV: 42.0%). Absolute bioavailability was 73%. The majority of the oral [14C] dose (85.1%) was recovered in excreta. Total radioactivity was mainly excreted into urine (52.8%) and faeces (30.7%) with 78.9% of the [14C] dose recovered as metabolites. Two major circulating metabolites were identified in plasma: a carboxylic acid (M445) and a phosphoethanolamine conjugate (M554). The safety profile was in line with the published pimasertib trials.ConclusionPimasertib showed a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with high absolute bioavailability and a unique metabolic pathway (conjugation with phosphoethanolamine).
Efficient Estimation for Accelerated Failure Time Model under Case-Cohort and Nested Case-Control Sampling
Authors: Kang Suhyun , Lu Wenbin , Liu Mengling 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Case-cohort (Prentice, 1986) and nested case-control (Thomas, 1977) designs have been widely used as a cost-effective alternative to the full-cohort design. In this article, we propose an efficient likelihood-based estimation method for the accelerated failure time model under case-cohort and nested case-control designs. An EM algorithm is developed to maximize the likelihood function and a kernel smoothing technique is adopted to facilitate the estimation in the M-step of the EM algorithm. We show that the proposed estimators for the regression coefficients are consistent and asymptotically normal. The asymptotic variance of the estimators can be consistently estimated using an EM-aided numerical differentiation method. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the estimators and an application to a Wilms tumor data set is also given to illustrate the methodology.
Bleeding related to disturbed fibrinolysis
Authors: Kolev Krasimir , Longstaff Colin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe components and reactions of the fibrinolysis system are well understood. The pathway has fewer reactants and interactions than coagulation, but the generation of a complete quantitative model is complicated by the need to work at the solid‐liquid interface of fibrin. Diagnostic tools to detect disease states due to malfunctions in the fibrinolysis pathway are also not so well developed as is the case with coagulation. However, there are clearly a number of inherited or acquired pathologies where hyperfibrinolysis is a serious, potentially life‐threatening problem and a number of antifibrinolytc drugs are available to treat hyperfibrinolysis. These topics will be covered in the following review.
A Matter of Framing: Explaining the Failure of Post‐Islamist Social Movements in the Arab Spring
Authors: Hoyle Justin A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractShortly after the Arab Spring began in 2010, multiple scholars noted that the dominant discursive trend present within these protests was that of post‐Islamism. Post‐Islamism is broadly defined as an ideology seeking to establish a democratic state within a distinctly Islamic society. Despite the presence of post‐Islamist opportunity structures, social movements embodying post‐Islamist principles have had little success consolidating power. The theoretical argument presented here is that the failure of these movements is the result of inherent flaws within post‐Islamist frames. Specifically, this study posits that unlike traditional Islamist frames (i.e., frames emphasizing the creation of a state governed by Shari‘a) post‐Islamist frames limit the ability of movements’ to monopolize religion as a cultural asset. As such, when post‐Islamist movements face political challenges during contentious periods they cannot rely on nontemporal legitimacy to retain power. Additionally, the challenging task of integrating Islamic and democratic frames in contentious moments renders post‐Islamist movements susceptible to counterframing. The preceding claims will be tested through a comparative analysis of the Iranian Hierocracy (1977–1979), and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (2011–2014). Comparing the experiences of a post‐Islamist movement (Brotherhood) with that of an Islamist movement (Hierocracy) will explicate the flaws within post‐Islamist frames.
What tendon pathology is seen on imaging in people who have taken fluoroquinolones? A systematic review
Authors: Lang Tina R. , Cook Jill , Rio Ebonie , Gaida James E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFluoroquinolones (FQs) are highly effective broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Clinical data reveal an increased incidence of tendon pain and rupture in those taking FQs, yet little is known about tendon structural changes. This review synthesises published data on tendon structural changes in people who have taken FQs. Eight databases were searched for potentially relevant articles (Medline, CINAHL, Biological Abstracts, AMED, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, SportDiscus and EMBASE) using MeSH and free‐text searches. Inclusion and exclusion criteria determined which articles were used for this review. Twenty‐six papers met the eligibility criteria. The Achilles tendon was most commonly affected, and ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were the most commonly implicated FQs. Mean time to onset of symptoms was 16 days following first FQ dose. Imaging modalities used included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), B‐mode ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT). Tendon measurements were rarely reported, and intratendinous imaging findings were not reported in a consistent manner. Few studies imaged tendons bilaterally, and only two studies were longitudinal in design. Future studies should report imaging measures such as thickness and cross‐sectional area and use consistent descriptions of intratendinous changes during and post‐FQ treatment.
Climate change mitigation potential of local use of harvest residues for bioenergy in Canada
Authors: Smyth Carolyn , Kurz Werner A. , Rampley Greg , Lemprière Tony C. , Schwab Olaf 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe estimate the mitigation potential of local use of bioenergy from harvest residues for the 2.3 × 106 km2 (232 Mha) of Canada's managed forests from 2017 to 2050 using three models: Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM‐CFS3), a harvested wood products (HWP) model that estimates bioenergy emissions, and a model of emission substitution benefits from the use of bioenergy. We compare the use of harvest residues for local heat and electricity production relative to a base case scenario and estimate the climate change mitigation potential at the forest management unit level. Results demonstrate large differences between and within provinces and territories across Canada. We identify regions with increasing benefits to the atmosphere for many decades into the future and regions where no net benefit would occur over the 33‐year study horizon. The cumulative mitigation potential for regions with positive mitigation was predicted to be 429 Tg CO2e in 2050, with 7.1 TgC yr −1 of harvest residues producing bioenergy that met 3.1% of the heat demand and 2.9% of the electricity demand for 32.1 million people living within these regions. Our results show that regions with positive mitigation produced bioenergy, mainly from combined heat and power facilities, with emissions intensities that ranged from roughly 90 to 500 kg CO2e MWh−1. Roughly 40% of the total captured harvest residue was associated with regions that were predicted to have a negative cumulative mitigation potential in 2050 of −152 Tg CO2e. We conclude that the capture of harvest residues to produce local bioenergy can reduce GHG emissions in populated regions where bioenergy, mainly from combined heat and power facilities, offsets fossil fuel sources (fuel oil, coal and petcoke, and natural gas).
Spatial Clusters in EU Productivity Growth
Authors: Postiglione Paolo , Andreano Maria Simona , Benedetti Roberto 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the last year, a central issue in regional economic growth debate has been represented by the empirical analysis of Verdoorn's law related to the long‐term dynamic relationship between the rate of growth in output and the productivity growth due to increasing returns. Several papers have tested Verdoorn's law on European countries as well as many other world economies. Recently, attempts have been made to provide foundations for a spatial version of the original law specification. The main contributions were dedicated to the inclusion of spatial dependence in the economic model. Surprisingly, in the literature on Verdoom's law the analysis of the spatial heterogeneity is not often considered. The aim of this paper is the regional analysis of the spatial dependence and heterogeneity in Verdoorn's law, identifying spatial regimes that can be interpreted as clusters of productivity growth in European regions at NUTS 2 level. To pursue this objective, an optimization algorithm for the identification of groups is used. This constitutes a modified version of Simulated Annealing.
Low‐factor consumption for major surgery in haemophilia B with long‐acting recombinant glycoPEGylated factor IX
Authors: Escobar M. A. , Tehranchi R. , Karim F. A. , Caliskan U. , Chowdary P. , Colberg T. , Giangrande P. , Giermasz A. , Mancuso M. E. , Serban M. , Tsay W. , Mahlangu J. N. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionSurgery in patients with haemophilia B carries a high risk of excessive bleeding and requires adequate haemostatic control until wound healing. Nonacog beta pegol, a long‐acting recombinant glycoPEGylated factor IX (FIX), was used in the perioperative management of patients undergoing major surgery.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of nonacog beta pegol in patients with haemophilia B who undergo major surgery.MethodsThis was an open‐label, multicentre, non‐controlled surgery trial aimed at assessing peri‐ and postoperative efficacy and safety of nonacog beta pegol in 13 previously treated patients with haemophilia B. All patients received a preoperative nonacog beta pegol bolus injection of 80 IU kg−1. Postoperatively, the patients received fixed nonacog beta pegol doses of 40 IU kg−1, repeated at the investigator's discretion. Safety assessments included monitoring of immunogenicity and adverse events.ResultsIntraoperative haemostatic effect was rated ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ in all 13 cases. Apart from the preoperative injection, none of the patients needed additional doses of nonacog beta pegol on the day of surgery. The median number of postoperative doses of nonacog beta pegol was 2.0 from days 1 to 6 and 1.5 from days 7 to 13. No unexpected intra‐ or postoperative complications were observed including deaths or thromboembolic events. No patients developed inhibitors.ConclusionsThese results indicated that nonacog beta pegol was safe and effective in the perioperative setting, allowing major surgical interventions in patients with haemophilia B with minimal peri‐ and postoperative concentrate consumption and infrequent injections as reported with standard FIX products.
Efficacy of tranexamic acid for the prevention of bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease and Glanzmann thrombasthenia: a controlled, before and after trial
Authors: Eghbali A. , Melikof L. , Taherahmadi H. , Bagheri B. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionReducing bleeding episodes is very important in haematology disorders like von Willebrand disease (VWD) and Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). Replacement factors are very expensive although prophylactic drugs are affordable.ObjectiveTo study the prophylactic effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) for reduction of bleeding episodes in patients with VWD and GT in non‐invasive conditions.MethodsA controlled, double‐blind before and after single‐centre trial was performed in Amir‐Kabir Hospital (Arak, Iran). The study was done on 17 patients with VWD and three patients with GT with minimum age of 2 years. Patients were received placebo for 6 months to evaluate the frequency and severity of bleeding and also to record the frequency of use of factor concentrates and platelet transfusion. After that, patients were given oral single dose of TXA 25 mg kg−1 day−1 for 6 months. The mentioned outcomes were studied and compared between two phases of study. Safety assessment was done in all patients.ResultsTranexamic acid caused a significant reduction in number of Grade 1 and Grade 2 bleeding episodes in VWD patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 respectively). In addition, TXA therapy was associated with significant decrease in the use of factor concentrates (P < 0.05). Number of bleeding episodes decreased in GT patients who used TXA; however, difference between two phases of studies was not significant (P = 0.1). TXA had no effect in the frequency of platelet transfusions in GT patients. TXA therapy was associated with headache, back pain and musculoskeletal pain. No case of allergy or thromboembolic events was seen following treatment.ConclusionsThe results suggest that TXA is safe and effective to reduce bleeding and use of factor concentrates in VWD patients. In addition, TXA therapy can decrease bleeding in GT patients.
Sailors and the Early Modern British Empire: Labor, Nation, and Identity at Sea
Authors: Hubbard Eleanor 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoth an essential national resource and members of a transnational group of skilled laboring men, sailors played an important but troublesome role in early modern Britain's rise to global commercial and military power. Historians have studied how the state and merchant employers sought to mobilize and control their labor, how sailors responded, and how “Britishness” was defined at sea. Three intertwined strands of analysis – labor history, sailors and the state, and the interaction between racial, gendered, religious, and professional identities at sea – dominate the historiography, with the 18th‐century Atlantic receiving the bulk of scholarly attention. This article surveys the field and suggests that a wider geographical and chronological scope is needed to recapture sailors' bottom‐up perspective on early modern British capitalism and empire.