bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of a Cylinder Hoisting System for Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing
Authors: Pawlus Witold , Liland Fred , Nilsen Nicolai , Øydna Søren , Hovland Geir , Wroldsen Torstein K. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Modeling-and-simulation software that is used in the design and development of drilling equipment provides testing and redesigning of offshore machines early in the product-development process. Typically, models of offshore equipment are complex and suitable only for offline simulations that allow testing of just predefined functions of the system without the possibility of controlling it with the operator's inputs in real time (RT). This is related to the fact that, usually, complex models put high demands on the computational power of the simulator hardware and, thus, limit its RT performance. On the basis of the authors' observations, it is concluded that RT performance can be difficult to achieve even on modern computers because of the stiff nature of hydraulic mechanical models and high demands on computational power. Therefore, it is often necessary to optimize complex models of drilling machinery for RT operation to extensively test its real control systems in a virtual-modeling environment. The methodology presented in the current paper provides for controlling a virtual model in RT by means of full-scale control hardware and software. This, in turn, allows for performing a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test and evaluation of developed control algorithms early in the machine-design phase as well as verification determining if the chosen control equipment meets the desired specifications and performance.
The current work presents an efficient way to optimize large, high-fidelity models of offshore drilling equipment. First, a complex virtual model of the selected hoisting system is created, and its simulation results are compared with the reference data logs recorded on a full-scale rig. Second, rules and guidelines for conversion of a complex model to a low-fidelity model that could be simulated in RT are formulated. Simulation results prove that both high- and low-fidelity models of the analyzed cylinder hoisting system yield comparable outcomes that correspond satisfactorily to the reference real-world rig measurements. It is concluded that, to simplify a model, it is important to determine how its particular components affect the computational efficiency of the simulation hardware and to clearly understand the functions of the machine under consideration.
The paper contributes in two areas. First, a high-fidelity virtual model of an existing hoisting system is established and validated against real measurements from the offshore-drilling rig. Second, such a complex model is simplified and confirmed to be applicable for RT HIL simulations. The results of the current work can be successfully applied to evaluate and examine real control systems in a virtual-simulation environment, to reduce the need to conduct costly on-site tests on full-scale equipment and reduce the time spent by control-systems engineers offshore, as well as to shorten commissioning time and product-delivery period.
Organic Carbon Convergence in Diverse Soils toward Steady State: A 21‐Year Field Bioassay
Authors: Yanni Sandra F. , Janzen H. Henry , Gregorich Edward G. , Ellert Ben H. , Larney Francis J. , Olson Barry M. , Zvomuya Francis 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
We report long‐term SOM change in different soils transplanted to one plot.
Mainly, initial SOM concentrations highly influence change over time.
Sand and land management history influence SOM change.
High C soils lose C and low C soils gain C; thus, soils converge to new equilibrium.
Light‐fraction OM converges at a faster rate than C and N.
The response of soil organic matter (SOM) to an abrupt change in environment and management was studied in a long‐term field bioassay. Thirty‐six soils, with a wide range of SOM reflecting large differences in management, climate, and ecological histories, were selected and transported to a common site at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. The experiment included control and N‐fertilized treatment plots. The plots were seeded annually to spring wheat and managed under no‐till rain‐fed conditions, with annual removal of aboveground residues. The soils were sampled every 7 yr and analyzed for organic C (OC), total N (TN), and light fraction C (LF‐C) and N (LF‐N). Most of the soils lost OC and TN over 21 yr, and the amount of loss was highly related to the original contents (9–74 g C kg−1, 1.4–6.4 g N kg−1). Similarly, LF‐C and LF‐N, indices of labile OM, declined in most soils, but the rate of loss was faster than for OC. In a few soils, SOM slowly increased from initially low levels. The soils seem to be progressing toward a steady state, although complete convergence of OC and TN may not occur for a century or longer based on an exponential model. Labile OM may converge within a few decades, so that these soils, conceivably, will still have widely different OC and TN but similar labile SOM, with possible implications for soil health. Our findings demonstrate the value of long‐term field bioassays for improved understanding of SOM dynamics in response to management and climate change.
Soil Characteristics Involved in Phosphorus Sorption in Mollisols
Authors: Cabello Maria Julia , Gutiérrez Boem Flavio H. , Quintero Cesar E. , Rubio Gerardo 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Predictive models of phosphorus sorption were developed for a group of Mollisols.
Alox was the best predictor of short‐term phosphorus sorption indices.
Feox was the best predictor for those indices that involves longer interaction periods.
Phosphorus needs to maximize yield avoiding environmental risks can be estimated with our data.
The role of different soil properties on defining the P sorption capacity was investigated in a group of Mollisols of the Pampean Region (Argentina). Two‐single point and three‐multiple point P sorption indices were evaluated. Both simple and multiple regression models indicated that ammonium oxalate extractable Al (Alox) and ammonium oxalate extractable Fe (Feox) were the main properties defining P sorption. Ammonium oxalate extractable Al prevailed as the best predictor of short‐term P sorption indices and Feox as the best predictor for those indices that involves longer interaction periods. After Alox and Feox, the best correlations were obtained for the sum of Ca and Mg. The higher P retention of soils located in the Southern part of the Region was associated with the parental material rather than with anthropogenic effects. Obtained information can strengthen P fertilization programs by providing a methodology to estimate fertilizer P requirements to optimize crop yields while reducing environmental risks.
Hope for primary cardiovascular prevention with the HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation)-3 trial findings
Authors: Al Suwaidi Jassim 
Published: December 2016

The HOPE-3 investigators enrolled 12,705 intermediate-risk participants in 21 countries in a 2-by-2 factorial trial. Subjects were randomized to receive a fixed dose of rosuvastatin or placebo, candesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide daily or placebo, and a third group received combination of antihypertensive and statins versus double placebo. The median follow-up was 5.6 years. The combination of antihypertensive and statin therapy was associated with a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular events than dual placebo. Statin therapy alone was also associated with improved outcome, while antihypertensive therapy had no added benefit compared to placebo.
Current indications for insertion of rotary pumps revisited
Authors: Miller Leslie W 
Published: December 2016

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death as well as morbidity in the world. While there has been continued progress in reducing the mortality of most forms of CVD, the prevalence, as well as mortality and morbidity from heart failure, continues to increase, making it a major health care problem world wide. This increase in prevalence is in part due to the correlation of increasing CVD with advancing age, but also to improved diagnostics and earlier detection as well as improved interventions for acute MI and medical management. Despite these advances, an increasing number of patients become unresponsive to therapy and progress to the advanced stage, which has a mortality as high as 70–80% at one year.
Iranian homograft tissue processing
Authors: Rouchi Alireza Heidary , Tavakoli Seyed Amirhosein , Mahdavi-Mazdeh Mitra 
Published: December 2016

Tissue transplantation is a life-enhancing therapeutic modality for damaged or non-functioning tissues. In most cases, there is no alternative other than human tissue as replacement, and taking into account the ever-increasing demand for tissue grafts, it makes sense to set up an establishment in charge of human tissue procurement to meet local needs. A quality assurance system, clearly defined standards, and regular audits complement the infrastructure which make this activity feasible. The process of tissue procurement consists of donor identification, consent, tissue recovery, donor screening and testing, tissue processing, preservation, packaging, labeling, terminal sterilization, storage and distribution. The transplantation of homograft heart valves remains controversial, due to the availability of prosthetic and bioprosthetic alternatives. The limited durability of homografts has not yet outweighed the advantages which this graft offers. Adherence to regulations and regularly revised guidelines improve long-term efficacy and minimizes complications or malfunction. Furthermore, the lower price of homograft heart valves and the removal of the need for a lifetime of anticoagulation therapy are noteworthy advantages of this replacement. In our practice, the proportion of homograft heart valves meeting release criteria and successfully implanted grafts were 83% and 95%, respectively.
Development of an algorithm for risk-based management of wastewater reuse alternatives
Authors: Shakeri Hossein , Nazif Sara 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDue to water resources limitations, special attention has been paid to wastewater reuse in recent years. The risks associated with wastewater reuse alternatives should be considered in decision-making. Even when selecting the alternative with the least risk, risk management issues are of high importance. This study aims to develop an algorithm for risk-based management of wastewater reuse alternatives. This algorithm uses a three-step risk assessment and management approach. Risks are identified, then risks of alternatives are assessed, and, finally, risk management measures are proposed for risk reduction in the selected alternative. In risk identification, economic, social, health, and environmental aspects are taken into account. In risk assessment, its three components of likelihood, severity, and vulnerability are considered through a fuzzy inference system. Alternatives are prioritized based on calculated risks using a fuzzy VIKOR method. A case study is presented in which the proposed algorithm is used to select the best alternative for reuse of treated wastewater from Ekbatan Town, located in the western part Tehran in Iran. The results showed that the proposed approach provides the users with an easier understanding of risks and increases the relative confidence of decision-makers about the selection of the best alternatives for wastewater reuse and their risk control methods.
Continuous Recognition of Multifunctional Finger and Wrist Movements in Amputee Subjects Based on sEMG and Accelerometry
Authors: Liu Junhong , Chen Wanzhong , Li Mingyang , Kang Xiaotao 
Published: December 2016

Background:
While the classification of multifunctional finger and wrist movement based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals in intact subjects can reach remarkable recognition rates, the performance obtained from amputated subjects remained low.

Methods:
In this paper, we proposed and evaluated the myoelectric control scheme of upper-limb prostheses by the continuous recognition of 17 multifunctional finger and wrist movements on 5 amputated subjects. Experimental validation was applied to select optimal features and classifiers for identifying sEMG and accelerometry (ACC) modalities under the windows-based analysis scheme. The majority vote is adopted to eliminate transient jumps and produces smooth output for window-based analysis scheme. Furthermore, principle component analysis was employed to reduce the dimension of features and to eliminate redundancy for ACC signal. Then a novel metric, namely movement error rate, was also employed to evaluate the performance of the continuous recognition framework proposed herein.

Results:
The average accuracy rates of classification were up to 88.7 ± 2.6% over 5 amputated subjects, which was an outstanding result in comparison with the previous literature.

Conclusion:
The proposed technique was proven to be a potential candidate for intelligent prosthetic systems, which would increase quality of life for amputated subjects.
Two Subsets of Large Vessel Vasculitis Characterized by the Absence or Presence of Spondyloarthritis or its Associated Diseases
Authors: Ernst Diana , Bearlecken Niklas , Ernst Schmidt Reinhold , Witte Torsten 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Whilst large vessel vasculitis (LVV) predominantly occurs in isolation, associations with other infectious and non-infectious diseases have been reported. Limited data describing associations with various autoimmune diseases (AI), including spondyloarthritis exists. The aim of this study was to characterize the association of LVV and spondyloarthritis or its associated diseases (SpAD).

Methods:
A single centre, retrospective study of patients ≥50yrs with first presentation LVV between 01.06.2008-01.06.2015 was performed. Patients were categorized according to SpA or associated disease, other AI or idiopathic LVV (iLVV). Clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were compared. Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis, with relapse taken as the primary end-point, was performed.

Results:
LVV was confirmed in 62 pts, of who 16/62 (26%) had SpA or associated disease. In these patients, LVV presented earlier (59.2 SpAD vs. 68.1 AI and 70.3yrs iLVV; p=0.01) and occurred predominantly in spring compared to autumn and winter in non-SpA patients, was associated with more centralised pattern of distribution (p=0.05) and was more likely to exhibit a refractory course (p=0.05). Overall relapse rates were similar across groups. Smoking-status influenced age of onset in all groups, being associated with earlier onset.

Conclusion:
A clear association between LVV and SpAD exists. LVV associated with SpAD has a particular phenotype characterised by earlier onset, thorax-limited disease and increased risk of a refractory course. Given on-going LVV treatment trials further genetic and pathophysiological characterization appears warranted, to evaluate potential variation in treatment response and optimize future care.
Fibromyalgia Outcomes Over Time: Results from a Prospective Observational Study in the United States
Authors: Schaefer Caroline P. , Adams Edgar H. , Udall Margarita , Masters Elizabeth T. , Mann Rachael M. , Daniel Shoshana R. , McElroy Heather J. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Clair Andrew G. , Hopps Markay , Staud Roland , Mease Philip , Silverman Stuart L. 
Published: December 2016

Background:Longitudinal research on outcomes of patients with fibromyalgia is limited.Objective:To assess clinician and patient-reported outcomes over time among fibromyalgia patients.Methods:At enrollment (Baseline) and follow-up (approximately 2 years later), consented patients were screened for chronic widespread pain (CWP), attended a physician site visit to determine fibromyalgia status, and completed an online questionnaire assessing pain, sleep, function, health status, productivity, medications, and healthcare resource use.Results:Seventy-six fibromyalgia patients participated at both time points (at Baseline: 86.8% white, 89.5% female, mean age 50.9 years, and mean duration of fibromyalgia 4.1 years). Mean number of tender points at each physician visit was 14.1 and 13.5, respectively; 11 patients no longer screened positive for CWP at follow-up. A majority reported medication use for pain (59.2% at Baseline, 62.0% at Follow-up). The most common medication classes were opioids (32.4%), SSRIs (16.9%), and tramadol (14.1%) at Follow-up. Significant mean changes over time were observed for fibromyalgia symptoms (modified American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria: 18.4 to 16.9;P=0.004), pain interference with function (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form: 5.9 to 5.3;P=0.013), and sleep (Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale: 58.3 to 52.7;P=0.004). Patients achieving ≥2 point improvement in pain (14.5%) experienced greater changes in pain interference with function (6.8 to 3.4;P=0.001) and sleep (62.4 to 51.0;P=0.061).Conclusion:Fibromyalgia patients reported high levels of burden at both time points, with few significant changes observed over time. Outcomes were variable among patients over time and were better among those with greater pain improvement.
One-stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Infections
Authors: Nguyen Manny , Sukeik Mohamed , Zahar Akos , Nizam Ikram , Haddad Fares Sami 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. In an aging population of the developed world, the increasing numbers of hip and knee replacements will inevitably lead to increasing incidence of PJI, carrying with (it) significant patient morbidity and cost to the health care system. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty is currently the gold standard but it is associated with multiple operations, prolonged hospitalization and impaired functionality. One-stage exchange arthroplasty is similar to the two-stage procedure but the interval between removal of the prosthesis and reimplantation of a new one is only a few minutes. It has the theoretical benefits of a single anesthetic, shorter hospitalization, less cost and improved function.

Methods:
We reviewed the current literature regarding the outcomes of one-stage exchange arthroplasties focusing on re-infection rates and functional outcomes.

Results:
Current themes around the one-stage exchange procedure include the indications for the procedure, definition of re-infection, surgical techniques used to provide fixation and differences in approach for hip and knee replacements.

Conclusion:
The current literature on one-stage exchange procedure is promising, with comparable results to two-stage revisions for hips and knees in selected patients. However, there is a great need for a large multi-centred randomized control trial, focusing on re-infection rates and functional scores postoperatively, to provide concrete guidelines in managing this complex condition.
Cardiovascular biomarkers of high altitude adaptation: Selection aid for livestock breeding
Authors: Giri Arup , Bharti* Vijay Kumar , Kalia Sahil , Kumar Bhuvnesh 
Published: December 2016

The efficiency of oxygen usage and energy metabolism is important for high-altitude adaptation and optimum performance of animals. With regards to adaptation and productivity of high yielder animals, high-altitude stress (hypobaric-hypoxia, cold stress) is a primary concern at high altitude. The cardiovascular system is an essential link in the transport of oxygen from the air to the mitochondria, and it, therefore, has an important role in acclimatisation and adaptation to the oxygen depleted environment of high altitude. These pathophysiological changes belong to the morphological, functional, and component of the cardiovascular system which can be detected as the biomarker whenever changes are found in this system. These cardiovascular biomarkers are structural, haematological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic. This lecture has reviewed the different types of cardiovascular biomarkers which are important in high altitude adaptation and therefore may be helpful in selection of adapted animals for future breeding and rearing at high altitude. Some structural biomarkers are hypertrophy of auricle and ventricle, pulmonary arterial pressure, hypertension, myocardial contractibility, hydrothorax, ascites, etc., whereas hematocrit level, blood viscosity, plateletatic, is haematological biomarkers. Cardiac troponin-I and troponin-T, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), inflammatory markers, rennin, etc. are biochemical biomarkers. Details of these biomarkers and other related markers will be discussed in present lecture. These biomarkers concentration or levels are indicators of physiological state genetic make-up of animals of the respective environmental condition. Hence, these biomarkers along with performance and physical traits may be considered for selection high altitude adapted animals for breeding and rearing.
Значення нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарного співвідношення для прогнозування затримки загоєння бойових поранень
Authors: Kondratiuk V.M. 
Published: December 2016

Вступ. Останніми роками співвідношення нейтрофілів та лімфоцитів отримало популярність як показник, що визначає прогноз захворювання або травми. Цей показник відображає силу стресу чи/або системного запалення у критичних хворих, які перенесли шок, політравму, великі хірургічні втручання або сепсис. Встановлено, що зростання кількості нейтрофілів на фоні зниження пулу лімфоцитів є ознакою інфекції, сепсису. Мета роботи: визначити, який із показників периферійної крові є інформативним для прогнозу тривалості ранозагоювального процесу. Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз 133 історій хвороби осіб чоловічої статі, які отримали мінно-вибухові та вогнепальні поранення протягом 2014–2015 рр. Залежно від терміну закриття ран, до або після 21-ї доби, випадки було поділено на дві групи. Після визначення тих показників периферійної крові (абсолютна кількість лейкоцитів, моноцитів, тромбоцитів, швидкість осідання еритроцитів та нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарне співвідношення), різниця між якими в групах хворих статистично вірогідна, за допомогою ROC-аналізу визначали, який із цих параметрів можливо використовувати як предиктор тривалості загоєння рани, та розраховували оптимальне порогове значення цього показника. Результати та обговорення. Виявлена статистично значима різниця у кількості лейкоцитів, швидкості осідання еритроцитів та за нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарним співвідношенням (р = 0,03; р = 0,0006; р = 0,0012 відповідно) між групами. Нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарне співвідношення виявилось тим показником, за яким можливо передбачити затримку загоєння бойових поранень. Ця модель статистично вірогідна, має найбільший показник AUC серед усіх досліджених показників. Пропонується порогове значення нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарного співвідношення на рівні 2,49. При такому значенні цього показника чутливість становить 82 %, специфічність — 58 %. Висновки. Серед показників периферійної крові саме нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарне співвідношення має прогностичне значення щодо тривалості ранозагоювального процесу. За даними ROC-аналізу встановлено порогове значення нейтрофільно-лімфоцитарного співвідношення на рівні 2,49. При такому рівні та вище необхідно передбачати тривалість ранозагоєння понад 21 добу.
Teatro como uma ferramenta de formação política para as integrantes do grupo “MMC: resistência e arte”
Authors: Pereira Letícia 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo pretende trazer o processo construído e vivenciado pelas mulheres camponesas militantes do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC) no grupo de teatro MMC: Resistência e Arte. A metodologia se deu através da análise de duas peças teatrais, construídas e interpretadas por elas durante as ofi cinas e cursos. As técnicas utilizadas foram principalmente observação participante e análise documental das duas peças.