bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Time-Dependent Magnetic Field on the Corrosion of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze
Authors: Krogstad Hedda Nordby , Johnsen Roy , Coey Michael 
Published: October 2017

Nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) was anodically polarized in a solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl and exposed to a time-dependent magnetic field (TDMF) with an amplitude of 180 mT. The effect of a TDMF on the anodic behavior of NAB has been investigated as a function TDMF frequency (0 Hz to150 Hz) and the anodic polarization potential (−180 mVAg/AgCl to −25 mVAg/AgCl). The results show that the anodic current density at a fixed, anodic potential increases when NAB is exposed to a TDMF. The effect increases with frequency of the TDMF, and is highest for the lowest polarization potentials. At −180 mVAg/AgCl, the current density increased by 800% when the sample was exposed to a TDMF of 150 Hz. The increase in current density is explained in terms of joule heating resulting from the induced eddy currents in the NAB sample. The increased anodic reaction at increasing temperature was documented by recording polarization curves at 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C. The results emphasize a potential limitation of the use of NAB in close proximity to TDMFs in chloride-containing media.
Methods for Enhancing Tafilah Technical University Students’ Motivation Towards the Islamic Education Domain, in the Students’ Point of View in the Light of Some Variables: a Field Study
Authors: Al-Jazi Abdullah 
Published: October 2017

This study aims at realizing methods ways of enhancing Tafilah Technical University students’ motivation towards the Islamic Education domain, reflected through the students’ point of view in the light of some variables: gender, college type and students GPAs. To achieve this aim a questionnaire was designed as a data collection instrument. After validating its psychometric properties, the questionnaire was distributed to the university students. Data analysis results revealed that the most effective ways of enhancing students motivation in the students’ point of view was ‘teacher’s adoption of easy-to-read type of references for the Islamic Education domain. It also revealed existence of statistically significant difference in the level of motivation enhancement that can be attributed to interactional relationship between the two variables: ‘gender and college’; and ‘GPA and college type’.
L’expression matérielle québécoise du djembé africain de culture mandingue
Authors: Provost Monique 
Published: October 2017

Le djembé, tambour d’origine mandingue, est un objet culturel africain qui a connu un phénomène de mondialisation dans les années 1990. On le retrouve autant aux États-Unis qu’en Inde ou au Japon; il a même été adopté par certains Autochtones d’Amérique du Nord et il est fabriqué par des artisans québécois. Cet article présente une analyse comparative entre la méthode africaine traditionnelle de fabrication encore pratiquée aujourd’hui au Burkina Faso et la méthode québécoise. Cette comparaison des chaînes opératoires de chacun des artisans, finement illustrées, démontre comment la fabrication locale d’un objet exogène peut refléter les pratiques de la collectivité qui se l’approprie.
Guider au temps des médiations
Authors: Sagnes Sylvie 
Published: October 2017

Modalité de médiation parmi d’autres, le métier de guide se distingue par son ancienneté et par la pédagogie du récit qu’il met en oeuvre, aux antipodes des attentes d’autonomie et d’expériences que l’on suppose aux visiteurs. Aux château et remparts de la Cité de Carcassonne, parallèlement aux médiations assurées par les chargés d’action culturelle et aux visites audioguidées ou libres, subsistent, quoique menacées de disparaître, les visites des agents d’accueil et de surveillance (ou « gardiens »), selon des modalités et pour des raisons que l’on se propose ici d’analyser. L’enquête conduite dans le sillage de ces guides volontaires montre que l’exercice tient moins de la communication de savoirs que de la transmission de dispositions (passion du passé et goût d’apprendre) et du plaisir de la rencontre. Ses maîtres-mots que sont l’échange et le contact l’inscrivent dans notre présent du patrimoine, tandis qu’ils le ramènent à une expérience qui fait tout autant place, sinon plus, à la personne du guide qu’au monument.
Whose America? Decolonial Translation by Frederick Douglass and Caetano Veloso
Authors: Price Joshua M. 
Published: October 2017

Colonial domination entails a struggle over interpretation. The colonizers establish whose version of reality will be codified and become the dominant one. Breaking with that dominant, authorized account implies a struggle against hegemony. Translators have always played key roles in colonization as agents of the colonizer. Subaltern translators and interpreters have often served in this role. But they often contest dominant meanings. They subvert dominant meanings as they transform them across the colonial divide. Theorizing translation practices from that point of colonial conjunction or contact, this essay adduces two examples to see how a decolonial methodology to study translation and power can shed light on how, in the hands of an astute translator, a translation can offer a counter-narrative that deconstructs colonial systems of meaning. The two examples: Frederick Douglass’ intralingual translation of the meaning of the Fourth of July (1852) and singer Caetano Veloso’s recording of Augusto de Campos’ translation (1979) of John Donne’s “Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going To Bed” (1654). Three interconnected characteristics make the translations decolonial. (1) They are abusive (Lewis, 2000; Venuti, 2013). (2) The target language or culture is an imagined world, better and more just than the world we live in now (Santos, 2014). (3) They are performatives insofar as they begin to bring that imagined world into existence through performing the translation (Austin, 1975). As a deconstructive embrace, this kind of translation draws attention to the colonial legacy and to the colonial context, and also to itself—that is, to its own selective appropriation (Spivak, 1995, p. 31).
Characterizing the Potential for Injection‐Induced Fault Reactivation Through Subsurface Structural Mapping and Stress Field Analysis, Wellington Field, Sumner County, Kansas
Authors: Schwab Drew R. , Bidgoli Tandis S. , Taylor Michael H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKansas, like other parts of the central U.S., has experienced a recent increase in seismicity. Correlation of these events with brine disposal operations suggests pore fluid pressure increases are reactivating preexisting faults, but rigorous evaluation at injection sites is lacking. Here we determine the suitability of CO2injection into the Cambrian‐Ordovician Arbuckle Group for long‐term storage and into a Mississippian reservoir for enhanced oil recovery in Wellington Field, Sumner County, Kansas. To determine the potential for injection‐induced earthquakes, we map subsurface faults and estimate in situ stresses, perform slip and dilation tendency analyses to identify well‐oriented faults relative to the estimated stress field, and determine the pressure changes required to induce slip at reservoir and basement depths. Three‐dimensional seismic reflection data reveal 12 near‐vertical faults, mostly striking NNE, consistent with nodal planes from moment tensor solutions from recent earthquakes in the region. Most of the faults cut both reservoirs and several clearly penetrate the Precambrian basement. Drilling‐induced fractures (N = 40) identified from image logs and inversion of earthquake moment tensor solutions (N = 65) indicate that the maximum horizontal stress is approximately EW. Slip tendency analysis indicates that faults striking <020° are stable under current reservoir conditions, whereas faults striking 020°–049° may be prone to reactivation with increasing pore fluid pressure. Although the proposed injection volume (40,000 t) is unlikely to reactive faults at reservoir depths, high‐rate injection operations could reach pressures beyond the critical threshold for slip within the basement, as demonstrated by the large number of injection‐induced earthquakes west of the study area.
Thalassaemias
Authors: Hay Deborah , Weatherall David J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The thalassaemias are the commonest genetic disorders in humans, representing an imbalance in the production of the α‐ and β‐globin chains which combine to form haemoglobin. The globin chain which is present in excess may precipitate in red cell precursors, causing oxidative damage and ineffective erythropoiesis. Patients with thalassaemia are therefore anaemic despite an expansion of erythroid activity in the bone marrow. In severe cases (thalassaemia major), regular blood transfusion is needed for survival. The high prevalence of thalassaemia in tropical regions is thought to reflect the relative resistance of carriers to falciparum malaria. Although bone marrow transplantation is currently the only curative treatment, intensive study of transcriptional regulation at the loci for the globin genes has highlighted the potential for gene therapy and gene editing. However, finding approaches to treatment that are practical for the majority of affected patients who live in low income regions of the world remains a major challenge.

Key Concepts

Thalassaemia results from an imbalance between α‐ and β‐globin chain production.

Its genetic basis is very variable, with α thalassaemia usually being caused by small deletions, and β thalassaemia normally due to point mutations.

The high gene frequency in areas of the world affected by malaria is thought to represent the protective effect of the carrier status.

Clinical consequences of thalassaemia include anaemia, bone marrow expansion and iron loading.

Iron loading may occur as a result of increased gastrointestinal absorption and, more significantly, due to regular blood transfusion.

The consequences of iron overload include hepatic, cardiac and endocrine dysfunction.

Bone marrow transplant remains the only curative treatment at present.

In the investigative context, individuals have attained transfusion independence through lentiviral gene therapy.

Efforts to reactive foetal haemoglobin therapeutically have focused on understanding BCL11a expression.
Health Services Research, Overview
Authors: Lohr Kathleen N. , Freeman Nikki L. B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Health services research (HSR) studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, technology, and personal behaviors affect access to health care, the costs and quality of health care, and the health and well‐being of individuals and populations. HSR, a boundary‐crossing field, engages a very wide set of clinical and academic disciplines; investigates a broad array of questions relating to health care delivery and management, financing, clinical practice, personal health care decision‐making, and health policy; and employs virtually all quantitative and qualitative methods found in the social sciences, economics, outcomes measurement, management and administration, epidemiology and statistics, law, and policy analysis. It has one major professional organization, AcademyHealth, and is supported in the United States in large measure by the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, certain other federal agencies, and various private‐sector entities and philanthropic organizations. Numerous journals exclusively or predominantly publish on HSR‐related topics.
Cure Models
Authors: Farewell Vern T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCure models are used for time to event data when a subset of subjects who will not experience the event of interest may exist. Formulations of such models are presented, and special cases in the literature are highlighted. Estimation of such models is discussed. The issues of identifiability of parameters and nonstandard hypothesis testing are highlighted. Generalized cure and other two‐part models for clustered or longitudinal data are also introduced.
m‐Out‐of‐n Bootstrap
Authors: Lee Stephen M. S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTreated as a generalized version of the standard bootstrap, them‐out‐of‐nbootstrap method is reviewed under three broad scenarios: (i) when the standard bootstrap works successfully, (ii) when the standard bootstrap is asymptotically correct but works poorly, and (iii) when the standard bootstrap fails. The last scenario, where them‐out‐of‐nbootstrap provides an appealing remedy for the standard bootstrap, is covered in detail and illustrated with numerical examples. We also address briefly the issues of selection ofmand uniform consistency.
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP)
Authors: Haslett Stephen J. , Puntanen Simo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this article, our aim is to outline basic properties of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). We first introduce the general linear model , where is the covariance matrix and the expectation of the response variable . We then let be an unobservable random vector generated by , where the covariance matrix between the random error terms and is known. Our main goal is to predict linearly the unobservable on the basis of the observable . BLUP involves finding a matrix so that is unbiased for , and the covariance matrix of the prediction error is minimal in the Löwner sense. Then, via setting in the linear mixed model , we show how prediction of can be used to provide BLUPs of the random effects, and hence of . Empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP), used when covariances are estimated rather than known, is then outlined.
Polyaniline Enriched Flexible Carbon Nanofibers with Core–Shell Structure for High‐Performance Wearable Supercapacitors
Authors: Iqbal Nousheen , Wang Xianfeng , Babar Aijaz Ahmed , Yan Jianhua , Yu Jianyong , Park Soo‐Jin , Ding Bin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigh performance lightweight and flexible supercapacitors with superior electrochemical performance are in extremely high demand for wearable electronic device applications. Herein, a novel synthesis process is reported for developing highly flexible supercapacitor electrodes from carbon black doped carbon nanofiber/polyaniline core–shell nanofibers via electrospinning followed by carbonization and electrospray techniques. Resultant supercapacitor electrodes offer exceptional specific capacitance (SC) of 501.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent capacitance retention of 91% even after 5000 cycles, demonstrating a long and stable life of the fabricated device. Moreover, solid state supercapacitor shows no obvious change in SC when subjected to various bending angles up to 180°. This simple three step (i.e., electrospinning, carbonization, and electrospray) fabrication technique paves new insights into the development of lightweight flexible supercapacitors.
Iodine/Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Direct Annulation of N‐Benzimidazolyl Amidines with Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Ortho‐Fused 1,3,5‐Triazines
Authors: Wang Manman , Meng Yinggao , Wei Wei , Wu Jie , Yu Wenquan , Chang Junbiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA direct annulation reaction of N‐benzimidazolyl amidines with aldehydes has been established and allows the synthesis of ortho‐fused 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives. The N‐benzimidazolyl amidine substrates are readily accessible by the addition of 2‐aminobenzimidazoles to the corresponding nitriles. In the presence of molecular iodine and copper iodide, cyclization of benzimidazolyl amidines with various aldehydes in toluene under reflux followed by oxidation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) gives the corresponding products. In this reaction, iodine acts more as a Lewis acid catalyst than as an oxidant. This synthetic process is insensitive to air and operationally simple, and provides facile access to a variety of novel 1,3,5‐triazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles and related heterocycles.magnified image
Carbonic anhydrase II confers resistance to deltamethrin in Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Ye Wenyun , Zhang Cheng , Xu Na , Sun Yan , Ma Lei , Shen Bo , Zhou Dan , Zhu Changliang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCarbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metabolic enzymes that regulate the physiological equilibrium in a variety of organisms. In this study, we investigated the function of CA II in Culex pipiens pallens using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and double‐stranded RNA injection. CA II transcripts were more abundant in the deltamethrin‐susceptible strain than the deltamethrin‐resistant strain. The activities of metabolic enzymes increased when the CA II expression was silenced. These findings suggest CA II regulates deltamethrin resistance by altering metabolic enzyme activity, and could serve as a potential genetic marker for monitoring deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes.
MRI-based score to predict surgical difficulty in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Escal L , Nougaret S , Guiu B , Bertrand M M , de Forges H , Tetreau R , Thézenas S , Rouanet P 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Rectal cancer surgery is technically challenging and depends on many factors. This study evaluated the ability of clinical and anatomical factors to predict surgical difficulty in total mesorectal excision.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent total mesorectal excision for locally advanced rectal cancer in a laparoscopic, robotic or open procedure after neoadjuvant treatment, between 2005 and 2014, were included in this retrospective study. Preoperative clinical and MRI data were studied to develop a surgical difficulty grade.

Results
In total, 164 patients with a median age of 61 (range 26–86) years were considered to be at low risk (143, 87·2 per cent) or high risk (21, 12·8 per cent) of surgical difficulty. In multivariable analysis, BMI at least 30 kg/m2 (P = 0·021), coloanal anastomosis (versus colorectal) (P = 0·034), intertuberous distance less than 10·1 cm (P = 0·041) and mesorectal fat area exceeding 20·7 cm2 (P = 0·051) were associated with greater surgical difficulty. A four-item score (ranging from 0 to 4), with each item (BMI, type of surgery, intertuberous distance and mesorectal fat area) scored 0 (absence) or 1 (presence), is proposed. Patients can be considered at high risk of a difficult or challenging operation if they have a score of 3 or more.

Conclusion
This simple morphometric score may assist surgical decision-making and comparative study by defining operative difficulty before surgery.
A phenomenological investigation of altruism from the perspective of counsellors in Scotland
Authors: Limberg Dodie , Schuermann Hope , Fox Jesse , Robinson Edward Hamilton Mike 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAim/PurposeThis phenomenological investigation sought to describe how counsellors (n = 9), residing in Scotland, experience altruistic caring in their personal and professional lives. This study is an extension of a research line of qualitative studies focused on a model of altruism development. The purpose is to focus on practising counsellors’ common experiences as they relate to altruistic caring and to describe the phenomenon that occurs within the context of the Altruism Development Model (ADM) (Curry, Smith & Robinson, 2009).MethodologyThis study is a phenomenological research design. The research team obtained permission from the institutional review board (IRB) to conduct in‐depth interviews and record observations. A diverse group of practising counsellors, living in Scotland, were interviewed. Moustaka's (1994) transcendental approach was used to analyse the data, to provide a new perspective from previous studies. More specifically, the research team conducted horizontalisation and developed structural and textural descriptions to describe the phenomenon.FindingsThe findings provide support for the ADM. The textural description of participants’ experiences of altruism is that their experiences are complex, and sometimes conflicting. The structural description of participants’ experiences of altruism is that it is a part of themselves. Counsellors in Scotland experience altruism as part of everyday life and view it as an expectation, and counsellors in Scotland recognise that altruism can include wellness and self‐care and that these are important to be an effective counsellor.Research LimitationsAll the participants were members of a professional organisation and self‐selected to be a part of the study. Additionally, the researchers’ culture may have influenced the way they analysed the findings.ImplicationsAltruism is a socially learned attribute, and it is highly regarded in Scottish culture. Therefore, counsellors may want to explore the influence of culture within a client's life, in relation to altruism. Additionally, exploring the constructs of altruism and self‐care for clients may be an important step in a holistic assessment.
Phytochemical Investigation of Male and Female Hedyosmum scabrum (Ruiz & Pav.) Solms Leaves from Ecuador
Authors: Herrera Claudia , Morocho Vladimir , Vidari Giovanni , Bicchi Carlo , Gilardoni Gianluca 
Published: October 2017

This article reports the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of male and female H. scabrum fresh leaves. The essential oils, HSMO and HSFO, respectively, were analyzed by GC/MS and GC‐FID. A total of 93 components were detected, accounting for 94.8% and 95.3% of HSMO and HSFO, respectively. The prevalent constituents of HSMO were pinocarvone (13.1%), d‐germacren‐4‐ol (12.6%), 1,8‐cineole (10.8%), α‐pinene (6.4%), and β‐pinene (4.8%), whereas the major components of HSFO were 1,8‐cineole (20.5%), linalool (16.5%), α‐pinene (15.0%), β‐pinene (6.4%), and sabinene (6.3%). The different enantiomeric distribution of β‐pinene, sabinene, limonene, linalool in the two oils, was determined. The non‐volatile esters of p‐coumaric and ferulic acids with borneol (1 and 4), cis‐chrysanthenol (2 and 5), and cis‐pinocarveol (3 and 6) were identified in the leaves after basic hydrolysis and analysis of the NMR spectra of the free acids, and GC/MS spectra of the monoterpene alcohols, respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 have been found in nature for the first time. These findings demonstrated that, from a chemical point of view, male and female individuals of H. scabrum collected in Ecuador seem quite differentiated between each other and from samples of the same species growing in Bolivia and in Peru.
Differential responses to larger volume intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation: Hemodynamic and clinical outcomes
Authors: Baran David A. , Visveswaran Gautam K. , Seliem Ahmed , DiVita Michael , Wasty Najam , Cohen Marc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesExamine hemodynamic and clinical correlates of use of an intra‐aortic balloon pump catheter in a single center.BackgroundThe intra‐aortic balloon pump catheter (IABC) has been used for 50 years but the clinical benefit is still debated. We reviewed 76 patients with right heart catheter measurements prior to IABC to assess response and outcomes.MethodsAll patients who received IABC with a 50cc balloon for at least 1 hour were included in this retrospective chart review study. Demographics, comorbidities, lab values, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at baseline and 15 h postinsertion.ResultsSeventy‐six patients had paired measurements of cardiac output. 60 patients had a higher cardiac output with IABC treatment (responder group) and 16 did not (nonresponders). In the 60 patients in the responder group, cardiac output and index significantly increased from baseline 3.6 ± 1.3 L/min to 5.2 ± 1.8 L/min, and 1.8 ± 0.5 L/min/m2 to 2.6 ± 0.8 L/min/m2 respectively following IABC placement (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Various hemodynamic variables were examined and the best predictor of response to IABC was a cardiac power index of 0.3 or less. Regardless of response, in hospital survival was similar between groups.ConclusionsThe majority of patients improve their cardiac output with IABC but survival was unchanged. Further work into the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock is needed.