bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of orbitofrontal cortex during unpredictable threat among adults at risk for affective disorders
Authors: Kirlic Namik , Aupperle Robin L. , Misaki Masaya , Kuplicki Rayus , Alvarez Ruben P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundMood and anxiety disorders are characterized by altered prefrontal‐amygdala function and increased behavioral inhibition (BI) in response to potential threat. Whether these alterations constitute a vulnerability or a symptom of illness remains unclear. The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) is thought to play a central role in estimating probability and cost of threat, in turn informing selection of subsequent behaviors. To better understand the behavioral and neural processes that may be associated with risk for psychopathology, we used a virtual reality paradigm to examine behavioral and neural responses of psychiatrically healthy adults with familial history of affective disorders during anticipation of unpredictable threat.MethodsTwenty psychiatrically healthy adults with high familial risk for affective disorders and 20 low‐risk matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging concurrent with a paradigm in which they explored virtual contexts associated with the threat of shock or safety from shock. Subjective anxiety ratings, skin conductance, exploratory behavior, and neural responses were examined for threat versus safe conditions.ResultsHigh‐risk adults evidenced greater right mOFC activation, as well as greater BI, compared to low‐risk adults. There were no significant group differences in subjective ratings or autonomic responses. Individuals exhibiting greater activity in the right mOFC showed greater BI and decreased skin conductance response.ConclusionsThese results suggest that BI and mOFC recruitment during anticipation of aversive outcomes may reflect a vulnerability for affective disorders. However, such a response may also serve as a compensatory response, protecting these high‐risk individuals from negative outcomes (i.e., increased physiological arousal). These results suggest that the OFC may play a central role in driving threat‐related behaviors and thus may be a target for efforts aimed at early detection or prevention.
Framing and managing cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: from native to transplanted kidney
Authors: Dounousi E. , Duni A. , Marinaki S. , Boletis J. N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. As renal function declines, kidney‐specific risk factors for cardiovascular events emerge. The aim of this review is to provide an insight on classical as well as non‐traditional, kidney‐related cardiovascular risk factors with regard to different stages of CKD, including ESRD and renal transplantation, and address specific strategies of cardiovascular disease prevention. Main culprits related to increased cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD include renin–angiotensin system and sympathetic overactivity, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. The CKD associated metabolic bone disorder (CKD‐MBD), is associated with cardiovascular effects beyond the already established renal osteodystrophy and hyperparathyroidism. Higher circulating levels of phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) and low vitamin D levels have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with CDK. Uremia‐related as well as renal replacement modality associated factors emerge in patients who initiate renal replacement therapy. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have a lower risk of major cardiovascular events compared with dialysis patients, however conventional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes are amplified in KTRs, due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs which possess diabetogenic and atherogenic effects. Renal allograft dysfunction is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in this patient group. Prevention in the early stages of CKD and multifactorial aggressive interventions targeting established cardiovascular risk factors should be priority whereas future research and randomized clinical trials should assess new management approaches focusing on non‐classical risk factors.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/5430062/Activity.aspx
Acute arterial occlusion after total knee arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Inomata Kei , Sekiya Ichiro , Otabe Koji , Nakamura Tomomasa , Horie Masafumi , Koga Hideyuki , Watanabe Toshifumi , Muneta Takeshi 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessagePopliteal artery occlusion after total knee arthroplasty is rare (0.03–0.17%) but can lead to amputation if overlooked. We should carefully assess vascular patency by Doppler ultrasound and ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) measurement before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) operation.
Metal‐like Band Structures of Ultrathin Si {111} and {112} Surface Layers Revealed through Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Tan Chih‐Shan , Huang Michael H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations have been performed on Si (100), (110), (111), and (112) planes with tunable number of planes for evaluation of their band structures and density of states profiles. The purpose is to see whether silicon can exhibit facet‐dependent properties derived from the presence of a thin surface layer having different band structures. No changes have been observed for single to multiple layers of Si (100) and (110) planes with a consistent band gap between the valence band and the conduction band. However, for 1, 2, 4, and 5 Si (111) and (112) planes, metal‐like band structures were obtained with continuous density of states going from the valence band to the conduction band. For 3, 6, and more Si (111) planes, as well as 3 and 6 Si (112) planes, the same band structure as that seen for Si (100) and (110) planes has been obtained. Thus, beyond a layer thickness of five Si (111) planes at ≈1.6 nm, normal semiconductor behavior can be expected. The emergence of metal‐like band structures for the Si (111) and (112) planes are related to variation in Si−Si bond length and bond distortion plus 3s and 3p orbital electron contributions in the band structure. This work predicts possession of facet‐dependent electrical properties of silicon with consequences in FinFET transistor design.
Phototransformative Supramolecular Assembly of Amphiphilic Diarylethenes Realized by a Combination of Photochromism and Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior
Authors: Yotsuji Hajime , Higashiguchi Kenji , Sato Ryuma , Shigeta Yasuteru , Matsuda Kenji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAmphiphilic diarylethenes bearing octyloxycarbonyl and N‐octylcarbamoyl groups have been designed and synthesized. These ester‐ and amide‐linked compounds form micrometer‐sized supramolecular assemblies in water, and these assemblies exhibit photoinduced macroscopic morphological transformations upon alternate irradiation with UV and visible light. The ester‐linked diarylethene showed a transformation between colorless spheres and a red‐purple hazy fringe, whereas the microspheres of the amide‐linked diarylethene showed changes in color, size, and shape, but the spheres did not show division. TEM images revealed that the spheres of the open‐ring isomers have coacervate structures, with bicontinuous aqueous and organic phases. The closed‐ring isomers of the ester‐ and amide‐linked compounds were found to form nanofibers and thin layers, respectively. These compounds showed absorption spectral shifts at temperatures corresponding to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition. This morphological transformation can be rationalized as the photoinduced phase transition between the high‐ and low‐temperature phases of the LCST transition. These results open up a new avenue for the design of phototransformative supramolecular assemblies based on a combination of photochromism and LCST behavior.
Expanded Indacene–Tetrathiafulvalene Scaffolds: Structural Implications for Redox Properties and Association Behavior
Authors: Petersen Johannes Fabritius , Frederickson Conerd K. , Marshall Jonathan L. , Rudebusch Gabriel E. , Zakharov Lev N. , Hammerich Ole , Haley Michael M. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRedox‐controlled dimerization of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives is an important tool for achieving reversible assemblies. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of indacene–TTF hybrids, in which the central core is fused to naphtho or benzothieno units, are reported. The orientation of these units has a strong influence on the redox properties, with regard to the number of electrons involved in the first oxidation event and the ability of the oxidized forms to associate. The formation of mixed‐valence and π‐dimer complexes is turned off for those systems in which geometrical constraints provide nonplanar π‐systems. Introduction of bulky substituents presents another way of preventing association, as revealed by studies of indenofluorene and diindenoanthracene scaffolds with (triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl groups. Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions present a general synthetic protocol to access superextended TTFs, by using diones of polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons as substrates.
Isomer Selectivity in Low‐Energy Electron Attachment to Nitroimidazoles
Authors: Ribar Anita , Fink Katharina , Probst Michael , Huber Stefan E. , Feketeová Linda , Denifl Stephan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLow‐energy electrons effectively decompose the isomers 2‐nitroimidazole and 4(5)‐nitroimidazole by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) into a variety of fragment anions and radicals. The present study shows that a distinct selectivity for the two isomers occurs in the DEA reactions. Several new decay channels are observed for 2‐nitroimidazole, including a dominant one leading to the loss of molecular H2O by attachment of a low‐energy electron. In contrast, the loss of a single hydrogen atom is a much more efficient reaction in DEA to 4(5)‐nitroimidazole. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to explain the pronounced isomer effect found in the DEA experiment. Although the free energies of the reactions are similar for the different isomers, the very different natures of the dipole‐bound states and valence‐bound anions lead to preference for or hindrance of a particular dissociation channel. Nitroimidazolic compounds are considered as radiosensitizing compounds in tumor radiation therapy. The enhanced formation of fragments, including the highly reactive hydroxyl radical, in DEA to 2‐nitroimidazole suggests that it may be a more efficient radiosensitizing agent than 4(5)‐nitroimidazoles.
Mechanisms of the Diterpene Cyclases β‐Pinacene Synthase from Dictyostelium discoideum and Hydropyrene Synthase from Streptomyces clavuligerus
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Rabe Patrick , Chen Xinlu , Köllner Tobias G. , Chen Feng , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo diterpene cyclases, one from the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and the other from the bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus, with products containing a Z‐configured double bond between the original C2 and C3 of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, were extensively investigated for their mechanisms through isotopic labelling experiments. The participation of geranyllinalyl diphosphate, in analogy to the role of linalyl and nerolidyl diphosphate for mono‐ and sesquiterpene biosynthesis, as an intermediate towards diterpenes with a Z‐configured C2=C3 double bond is discussed.
Green Imidazolium Ionics–From Truly Sustainable Reagents to Highly Functional Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tröger‐Müller Steffen , Brandt Jessica , Antonietti Markus , Liedel Clemens 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Clemens Liedel at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam (Germany). The image depicts the connection the functional ionic liquids have to green chemistry and the environment. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201701212.
Comparison of three S‐β‐CDs with different degrees of substitution for the chiral separation of 12 drugs in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Zhaokun , Zhang Qiongwen , Luo Linda , Sun Tiemin , Guo Xingjie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThree kinds of sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (S‐β‐CD), including a single isomer, heptakis‐6‐sulfato‐β‐cyclodextrin (HS‐β‐CD), degree of substitution (DS) of 7, which was synthesized in our laboratory and another two commercialized randomly substituted mixtures, a sulfated β‐cyclodextrin with DS of 7 to 11, as well as a highly sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin with DS of 12 to 15, were used for the enantioresolution of 12 drugs (the β‐blockers, phenethylamines, and anticholinergic agents) in capillary electrophoresis. The enantioseparation under varying concentrations of S‐β‐CD and background electrolyte pH were systematically investigated and compared. Based on the experimental results, the effect of the nature of S‐β‐CD and analyte structure on the enantioseparation is discussed.
Immunogenicity and safety of single‐dose, 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pediatric and adolescent oncology patients
Authors: Hung Te‐Yu , Kotecha Rishi S. , Blyth Christopher C. , Steed Sarah K. , Thornton Ruth B. , Ryan Anne L. , Cole Catherine H. , Richmond Peter C. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDChildren receiving immunosuppressive treatment for cancer are at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. The 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) can prevent pneumococcal disease in healthy children; however, there is an absence of literature regarding the benefit of PCV13 in immunocompromised children with cancer.METHODSA prospective, open‐label cohort study recruited children between ages 1 and 18 years who were receiving active immunosuppressive therapy (AIT) or were within 12 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy (CIT). Blood samples were taken before and 4 weeks after the administration of single‐dose PCV13. Serotype‐specific immunoglobulin G antibody titers were measured, and titers ≥0.35 μg/mL were considered protective. Solicited side effects were recorded in a 7‐day diary after vaccination.RESULTSEighty‐five children were recruited. At baseline, ≤50% had protective antibody titers against Streptococcus pneumoniae for 10 serotypes in the AIT group and for 8 serotypes in the CIT group. Postvaccination, ≥70% had protective antibody titers for 9 and 11 serotypes in the AIT and CIT groups, respectively. Both groups had comparable responses to PCV7 serotypes, whereas a significantly higher proportion in the CIT group achieved protective antibody titers to PCV13 serotypes. There was a low rate of serious adverse events (3.5%).CONCLUSIONSA single‐dose of PCV13 is safe and immunogenic in children diagnosed with cancer. All children who are receiving therapy for cancer should receive a single dose of PCV13 as soon as possible after diagnosis, regardless of prior PCV exposure. The current data support the recommendation for an additional dose of PCV13 after the completion of immunosuppressive therapy to provide additional protection against invasive pneumococcal disease. Cancer 2017;123:4215–4223. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Association of MYCN copy number with clinical features, tumor biology, and outcomes in neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Campbell Kevin , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Mann Meegan , Naranjo Arlene H. , Van Ryn Collin , Bagatell Rochelle , Matthay Katherine K. , London Wendy B. , Irwin Meredith S. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Granger M. Meaghan , Hogarty Michael D. , Park Julie R. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDHigh‐level MYCN amplification (MNA) is associated with poor outcome and unfavorable clinical and biological features in patients with neuroblastoma. To the authors' knowledge, less is known regarding these associations in patients with low‐level MYCN copy number increases.METHODSIn this retrospective study, the authors classified patients has having tumors with MYCN wild‐type tumors, MYCN gain (2‐4‐fold increase in MYCN signal compared with the reference probe), or MNA (>4‐fold increase). Tests of trend were used to investigate ordered associations between MYCN copy number category and features of interest. Log‐rank tests and Cox models compared event‐free survival and overall survival by subgroup.RESULTSAmong 4672 patients, 3694 (79.1%) had MYCN wild‐type tumors, 133 (2.8%) had MYCN gain, and 845 (18.1%) had MNA. For each clinical/biological feature, the percentage of patients with an unfavorable feature was lowest in the MYCN wild‐type category, intermediate in the MYCN gain category, and highest in the MNA category (P<.0001), except for 11q aberration, for which the highest rates were in the MYCN gain category. Patients with MYCN gain had inferior event‐free survival and overall survival compared with those with MYCN wild‐type. Among patients with high‐risk disease, MYCN gain was associated with the lowest response rate after chemotherapy. Patients with non‐stage 4 disease (according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System) and patients with non‐high‐risk disease with MYCN gain had a significantly increased risk for death, a finding confirmed on multivariable testing.CONCLUSIONSIncreasing MYCN copy number is associated with an increasingly higher rate of unfavorable clinical/biological features, with 11q aberration being an exception. Patients with MYCN gain appear to have inferior outcomes, especially in otherwise more favorable groups. Cancer 2017;123:4224–4235. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Estimator‐based adaptive neural network control of leader‐follower high‐order nonlinear multiagent systems with actuator faults
Authors: Zhou Ning , Chen Riqing , Xia Yuanqing , Huang Jie 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe problem of distributed cooperative control for networked multiagent systems is investigated in this paper. Each agent is modeled as an uncertain nonlinear high‐order system incorporating with model uncertainty, unknown external disturbance, and actuator fault. The communication network between followers can be an undirected or a directed graph, and only some of the follower agents can obtain the commands from the leader. To develop the distributed cooperative control algorithm, a prefilter is designed, which can derive the state‐space representation to a newly constructed plant. Then, a set of distributed adaptive neural network controllers are designed by making certain modifications on traditional backstepping techniques with the aid of adaptive control, neural network control, and a second‐order sliding mode estimator. Rigorous proving procedures are provided, which show that uniform ultimate boundedness of all the tracking errors can be achieved in a networked multiagent system. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out to evaluate the theoretical results.
Imprint cytology of clear cell sarcoma‐like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract in the small intestine: A case report
Authors: Kato Takashi , Ichihara Shin , Gotoda Hiroko , Muraoka Shunji , Kubo Terufumi , Sugita Shintaro , Hasegawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClear cell sarcoma‐like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (CCSLGT) is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm in the digestive tract. Its cytomorphologic features have never previously been reported. Here, we describe a case of CCSLGT, including its cytologic examination findings. A 47‐year‐old woman presented with a mass in the small intestine, which was resected and sent for imprint cytology. Imprint smears revealed tumor cells with light eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm in a necrotic background. Many of the tumor cells were arranged in a perivascular growth with a pseudopapillary formation, and there were some non‐neoplastic osteoclast‐like giant cells. Histological examination revealed solid nests and a pseudopapillary pattern of the tumor cells with clear or pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with small nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry showed positive for vimentin, S‐100, and SOX‐10, and negative for SMA, c‐KIT, cytokeratin, HMB‐45, and MelanA. The EWSR1 gene split signal was detected by reverse transcriptase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and EWSR1–CREB1 gene fusion was indicated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. From these findings, we diagnosed the tumor as CCSLGT. To best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the imprint cytology features of CCSLGT.
Simple and Fast Picomolar Detection of Ochratoxin A Using a Reusable Label Free Aptasensor Built with a Layer‐by‐layer Procedure
Authors: Simão Estéfani P. , Cao‐Milán Roberto , Costa‐Pedro Graciela , De Melo Celso P. , Cao Roberto , Oliveira Maria D. L. , Andrade Cesar A. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA label free impedimetric aptasensor for simple, fast and reusable picomolar detections of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in grape juices was designed. Two main factors were observed to affect the accurate detections of the toxin: i‐lateral interactions between self‐assembled aptamers ii‐ adsorption of large molecules present in complex matrixes like grape juices. Lateral interactions between aptamers were minimized by constructing the aptasensor in a Layer‐by‐Layer procedure. The interferences associated to the unspecific and irreversible adsorption of large molecules present in grape juice, were reduced by submitting samples to ultrafiltration prior to analysis. With this protocol, a 0.12 pM limit of detection and 0.24 pM limit of quantification in spiked grape juices were achieved after only 5–7 mins of interaction with the samples. The presented aptasensor can be recovered after a simple immersion in hot water (90 °C) for ten minutes.
Stripping Voltammetry for the Real Time Determination of Zinc Membrane Diffusion Coefficients in High pH: Towards Rapid Screening of Alkaline Battery Separators
Authors: Duay Jonathon , Lambert Timothy N. , Aidun Ruby 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) sensing platform which provides real time determination of zincate diffusion through membrane separators in alkaline electrolyte with total experimental times on the order of hours is presented. Advanced separators are essential for future rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries. In order to be screened, these membranes need to be evaluated for their zincate blocking performance. Current complexometric titration and elemental analysis methods for zincate membrane diffusion characterization can take days to weeks to obtain results as well as include large sample dilution factors and require additional sample processing. The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) sensing platform presented here provides real time determination of zincate diffusion in alkaline electrolyte with total experimental times on the order of hours. This method eliminates the need for sample dilution and post experiment sample processing. This technique significantly increases the throughput for the screening of advanced alkaline battery separators resulting in rapid turnaround times in the analysis of these vital membranes. To evaluate the utility of this method, zincate diffusion through commercial Celgard 3501 and Cellophane 350P00 was monitored using both ASV and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) methods. The obtained zincate diffusion coefficients for both techniques were found to compare favorably.