bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Femoral Condyle Flap Reconstruction of a Maxillary Defect with a 3D Printing Template
Authors: Taylor Erin , Wu Winona , Kamali Parisa , Ferraro Nalton , Upton Joseph , Lin Samuel , Iorio Matthew 
Published: May 2017

Background The medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap is a well-vascularized corticocancellous flap based off the descending genicular artery that can be used to reconstruct difficult bony nonunions. Although frequently used in reconstruction of extremity defects, the MFC flap is rarely used in maxillofacial reconstruction.
Methods We present a case example of an MFC vascularized corticocancellous free flap for reconstruction of an ameloblastoma maxillary defect. Additionally, we describe our use of a three-dimensional (3D) template to create an intraoperative osteotomy model for contouring the MFC flap.
Results Preoperative 3D printing of the maxillary defect and design of a methylmethacrylate template enabled the precise and rapid contouring of a well-vascularized bone flap. Postoperative 3D CT scan demonstrated satisfactory positioning of the MFC flap within the maxilla.
Conclusion The 3D printing technology continues to advance craniofacial reconstruction and allows for the efficient and precise creation of vascularized bone flaps. The MFC vascularized flap has the potential of becoming a workhorse flap in maxillary defect reconstruction alongside the use of 3D printing technology.
Antenatal Exposure to Magnesium Sulfate and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Preterm Neonates
Authors: Shalabi Mohamed , Mohamed Adel , Lemyre Brigitte , Aziz Khalid , Faucher Daniel , Shah Prakesh ,   for the Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators
Published: May 2017

Background There have been recent concerns regarding the higher rates of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in preterm infants that have been exposed to intrapartum magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
Objective To assess the association between intrapartum MgSO4 exposure and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and/or SIP in extremely preterm neonates.
Design A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Canadian Neonatal Network database. Infants born at < 28 weeks' gestation admitted to neonatal units in Canada between 2011 and 2014 were divided into two groups: those exposed antenatally to MgSO4 and those unexposed. Stratified analyses for infants born between 22 and 25 weeks' gestation and those born between 26 and 27 weeks' gestation were conducted. The primary outcome was intestinal injury, identified as either NEC or SIP. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.
Results We compared 2,300 unexposed infants with 2,055 exposed infants. There was no difference in the odds of NEC (9.88% exposed vs. 9.59% unexposed; aOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75–1.14) or SIP (3.4% exposed vs. 3.39% unexposed; aOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.75–1.48) between the two groups.
Conclusion Antenatal exposure to MgSO4 was not associated with NEC or SIP in extremely preterm infants.
Einführung der Gefäßversiegelung in einem Schilddrüsenzentrum: Risiken und wirtschaftlicher Nutzen
Authors: Coerper Stephan , Stengl Wolfgang 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob das LigaSure Small Jaw™ zur effektiven Gefäßversiegelung trotz der zusätzlichen Materialkosten in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie kostendeckend und sicher einsetzbar ist.
Patienten und Methoden Es wurden die Ergebnisse von 224 Schilddrüsenoperationen eines einzigen Operateurs in 3 Zeitintervallen untersucht. Ausgewertet wurden lediglich Thyreoidektomien und fast totale beidseitige Resektionen (einschließlich Dunhill-OP). Einseitige und subtotale Resektionen (Rest > 2 ml) wurden nicht eingeschlossen. Rezidive, minimalinvasive Operationen (MIVAT), Sternotomien und Lymphknotenresektionen wurden ausgeschlossen. Während im 1. Intervall (1/2011 – 6/2011) bei 72 Operationen ausschließlich die Gefäßligatur zum Einsatz kam, erfolgte bei den Operationen in den beiden anderen Intervallen (II: 7/2012 – 12/2012: n = 81 und III: 1/2014 – 6/2014: n = 71) die Gefäßversiegelung mit dem LigaSure Small Jaw. Erhoben wurden Patientencharakteristika, das Resektatgewicht, die Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten und die Komplikationsraten (passagere/permanente Paresen, operationspflichtige Nachblutungen, postoperative Hypokalzämie mit Ca < 2,0 mmol/l). Unterschiede in den Gruppen wurden durch den t-Test und dem Wilcoxon-Rank-Test berechnet. Es werden Mittelwerte + SEM (Standardfehler) angegeben.
Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich des Resektatgewichts und der Operationsindikation (Basedow vs. Knotenstruma) fanden sich keine Unterschiede in den Gruppen, allerdings wurden im 1. Intervall signifikant weniger Thyreoidektomien durchgeführt (p = 0,009). Die Rate der postoperativen Komplikationen zeigte keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen (passagere Rekurrenspareserate in % I: 2,17; II: 1,92; III 1,44; Anteil der Hypokalzämien in % I: 20,8; II: 21,0; III 15,5). Durch die Anwendung der LigaSure Small Jaw erreichten wir bei den Thyreoidektomien im Vergleich zum 1. Intervall eine hochsignifikante Reduktion der Schnitt-Naht-Zeit (II: Δ 27,4 min; III: Δ 25,6 min; p = 0,0001). Dies fand sich auch bei den fast totalen beidseitigen Resektionen (II: Δ 24,3 min; III Δ 32,1 min; p = 0,0001). In der InEK-Kalkulation (Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus) werden für die Thyreoidektomie insgesamt 1233 € Personalkosten im OP veranschlagt, eine Reduktion der OP-Zeit um 31 Minuten ergibt ein Einsparungspotenzial von 440 €.
Schlussfolgerung Die Anwendung des LigaSure Small Jaw stellt bei der Thyreoidektomie und den beidseitigen fast totalen Resektionen trotz erhöhter Materialkosten ein sicheres und wirtschaftliches Verfahren dar.
Assessment of Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sander Carina , Voelter Hans-Ulrich , Schlake Hans-Peter , Eling Paul , Hildebrandt Helmut 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne of the most frequent symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) is fatigue. It has a major impact on quality of life as well as on professional activity. Even nowadays it is still unclear what constitutes an adequate assessment of the perceived fatigue.The following overview will discuss different possibilities to assess fatigue with the help of questionnaires, clinical interviews or the objective measurement of cognitive performance. Furthermore, a structured guideline for the assessment of fatigue will be proposed. Clinical criteria for MS related fatigue include the main symptoms, their everyday relevance, the possible causal relation with the cause of disease (the underlying MS), as well as an exclusion of other possible somatic or psychological reasons. It is recommended to use the “Würzburger Erschöpfungs-Inventar bei Multipler Sklerose (WEIMUS)” (English: Würzburg Fatigue Inventory for Multiple Sclerosis) and especially the “Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions” (FSMC), as these questionnaires distinguish between motor and cognitive fatigue and due to the larger number of research studies using the FSMC. Moreover, the presence of depression, quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness should be assessed. In addition, general cognitive performance as well as performance during monotonous stimulation (vigilance) should be assessed. This may be relevant for the evaluation of a patient’s capacity to work, and for determining prognosis, as there are indications for a relation to relapse frequency, a change from a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to an MS diagnosis with an increase of brain atrophy.All in all, it can be said, that despite the growing convergence of diagnostic criteria, the available studies of the objective as well as the subjective assessment of fatigue are still not sufficient and further research is needed.
Cold polypectomy for duodenal adenomas: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Maruoka Daisuke , Matsumura Tomoaki , Kasamatsu Shingo , Ishigami Hideaki , Taida Takashi , Okimoto Kenichiro , Nakagawa Tomoo , Katsuno Tatsuro , Arai Makoto 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic resection is effective in treating nonampullary duodenal adenomas but has a high incidence of complications. Cold polypectomy, including cold forceps polypectomy (CFP) and cold snare polypectomy (CSP), is safe and effective in treating colorectal polyps. However, its utility in sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas has not been investigated. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the safety and efficacy of cold polypectomy for sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas.
Patients and methods Between March 2015 and June 2016, patients who were endoscopically diagnosed with sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas up to 6 mm underwent cold polypectomy. Patients with pathologically confirmed adenomas underwent endoscopic biopsy 3 months after resection. The main outcomes of interest were incomplete resection and complications.
Results Overall, 39 lesions in 30 patients were removed via cold polypectomy (CFP, 9 lesions in 8 patients; CSP, 30 lesions in 22 patients). Seven of 9 (77.8 %) and 29 of 30 (96.7 %) lesions were removed en bloc via CFP and CSP, respectively. Pathologically, 34 of the 39 lesions (87.2 %) were confirmed as adenomas, and their mean size was 3.9 ± 1.2 mm (range 2 – 6 mm). Of the 34 adenomas, 20 (58.8 %) were R0 resection lesions, of which 3 of 9 (33.3 %) and 17 of 25 (68.0 %) had undergone CFP and CSP, respectively. No delayed bleeding or intraprocedural/delayed perforation was observed. All 30 patients with the 34 pathologically confirmed adenomas underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 3 months after cold polypectomy, and no morphological or pathological recurrence was identified.
Conclusions In this small study, cold polypectomy appeared to be safe and effective in treating diminutive and small sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas.(Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000016829)
Maturation arrest in early postnatal sensory receptors by deletion of the miR-183/96/182 cluster in mouse
Authors: Fan Jianguo , Jia Li , Li Yan , Ebrahim Seham , May-Simera Helen , Wood Alynda , Morell Robert J. , Liu Pinghu , Lei Jingqi , Kachar Bechara , Belluscio Leonardo , Qian Haohua , Li Tiansen , Li Wei , Wistow Graeme , Dong Lijin 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. The evolutionarily conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster, consisting of three related miRNAs, is highly expressed in maturing sensory receptor cells. However, its role in the functional maturation of sensory receptors has not been adequately addressed due to the lack of appropriate in vivo models. We show that deletion of miR-183/96/182 in mice leads to severe deficits in vision, hearing, balance, and smell. These deficits arise from defects in the timing and completion of terminal differentiation in sensory receptor cells associated with dysregulation of networks of genes involved in key processes, such as chromatin remolding and ciliogenesis. Thus, the miR-183/96/182 cluster has an essential role for the maturation of sensory receptors.
Listener evaluations of new and Old Italian violins
Authors: Fritz Claudia , Curtin Joseph , Poitevineau Jacques , Tao Fan-Chia 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Old Italian violins are widely believed to have playing qualities unobtainable in new violins, including the ability to project their sound more effectively in a hall. Because Old Italian instruments are now priced beyond the reach of the vast majority of players, it seems important to test the fundamental assumption of their tonal superiority. A recent study found that, under blind conditions, violin soloists generally prefer new violins and are unable to distinguish between new and old at better than chance levels. This paper extends the results to listeners in a hall. We find that they generally prefer new violins over Stradivaris, consider them better-projecting, and are no better than players at telling new and old apart.
Protein composition of the hepatitis A virus quasi-envelope
Authors: McKnight Kevin L. , Xie Ling , González-López Olga , Rivera-Serrano Efraín E. , Chen Xian , Lemon Stanley M. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThe nonlytic cellular egress of picornaviruses in extracellular vesicles is likely to be important in disease pathogenesis, but the mechanism(s) underlying this process and the origins of the membranes surrounding virions exiting the cell are poorly understood. We describe a quantitative proteomics analysis of quasi-enveloped hepatitis A virus (eHAV) virions that shows capsids are selected as cargo for vesicular export via a highly specific process, and that infectious eHAV virions possess a host protein complement similar to that of exosomes with CD9 and DPP4 displayed on their surface. eHAV-associated proteins are highly enriched for endolysosomal components and lack markers of autophagy, suggesting an exosome-like mechanism of endosomal sorting complex required for transport-mediated eHAV biogenesis involving endosomal budding that is distinct from the autophagosome-mediated release proposed previously for enteroviruses.
Identifying the landscape drivers of agricultural insecticide use leveraging evidence from 100,000 fields
Authors: Larsen Ashley E. , Noack Frederik 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Ecological theory predicts simplified agricultural landscapes composed of large-scale, homogeneous cropland will have increased pest problems due to fewer natural enemies and concentrated host plants, which will result in increased pesticide use and associated environmental degradation. Using detailed data from Kern County, California, for 100,000 field-year observations, we parse apart how different components of landscape simplification affect insecticide use. We find insecticide use decreases with increases in crop diversity and increases with field size, whereas the effect of cropland extent depends on the spatial scale. This refined spatial perspective provides unique understanding of how different components of landscape simplification influence insecticide use, and indicates that neither the traditionally conceived “simplified” nor “complex” agricultural landscape is most beneficial to pest control.
A sociophonetic approach to variation in Japanese pitch realizations
Authors: Takano Shoji , Ota Ichiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the flattening of Japanese sentential pitch as a possible nationwide change in progress among younger generations. Comparative data collected by identical protocols are examined in terms of speakers’ age, gender, and native dialects (in the city of Sapporo and in a rural town in Hokkaido, and in the city of Kagoshima in Kyushu). The paper also stresses the significance of including different registers in prosodic analysis and addressing potential problems with standard practices in which read-aloud materials comprise the primary resource. Based on naturalistic speech production data (i.e., spontaneous speech from a picture story description), our results reveal that: (1) regardless of the accentual discrepancies in their native dialects, younger generations characteristically speak in phonetically flattened realizations of pitch accompanying consistent, steeper declination, and (2) an age-linked differentiation also exists in prosodic phrasing, which is closely linked to the flattening of sentential pitch.
Relative clauses in English-Mandarin bilingual children
Authors: Yan Jing , Matthews Stephen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The role of cross-linguistic influence in bilingual children’s development remains a matter of debate. Some researchers have proposed that simultaneous bilingual learners develop the linguistic systems of two languages in the same way as matched monolingual children do. Other researchers have argued that bilingual children show different developmental pathways. This study investigates cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of relative clauses by English-Mandarin bilingual children in Singapore. The elicitation task included narration and interview tasks. Thirty-six primary school students aged 6 to 11 years completed the task in both English and Mandarin. The results reveal that the number of relative clauses increased with age in both languages. Participants had a preference for subject relatives over object relatives. The most frequent error type in Mandarin involves postnominal relative clauses, which have not been reported in monolingual children in the literature and thus can be treated as evidence of transfer from English. The findings of this study provide evidence for cross-linguistic influence in bilingual children’s speech.
Semantics and chunking in written and conversational discourses
Authors: Su Danjie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough much has been written about the differences between written and conversational discourses, less work has been done on how these two discourse types differ in terms of chunking patterns. This study investigates the different meanings and chunking patterns two words have in Mandarin written and conversational discourses. To overcome the problem of comparability between written and conversational corpora, instead of using a single word, I use two near-synonymous Mandarin words,zhihouandyihou, both of which mean roughly ‘after’ or ‘later,’ and compare their meaning and chunking patterns in written and spoken corpora. The investigation regarding semantic distinctions revealed that in both writing and conversation,zhihoufavors past andyihoufavors future, and that in writing but not in conversationzhihouis more often used with immediate high transitivity actions and causal relations, whereasyihouis more often used with low transitivity states. Regarding chunking patterns, whereas conversation preserves different stages of chunking, written discourse mainly has the final clear-cut stage. This study demonstrates the importance of grounding grammatical investigations on discourse types and of the possible usefulness of using near-synonymous words or grammatical constructions as a way of getting round the problem of comparability.
The development of statistical literacy in applied linguistics graduate students
Authors: Gonulal Talip , Loewen Shawn , Plonsky Luke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStatistics play an important role in analyzing data in applied linguistics research. Given the increase over time in the field’s reliance on quantitative analysis (Brown, 2004;Gass, 2009), statistical literacy is critical for both producers and consumers of L2 research. Although there has been some investigation into statistical literacy among applied linguists, no research to date has examined how such literacy is obtained by masters and doctoral students in the field. The present study investigated the development of statistical literacy in a sample of such students taking semester-long discipline-specific quantitative research methods courses. Participants completed a pre-course and post-course survey. The results indicate that participants increased their knowledge of basic descriptive statistics and common inferential statistics to a great extent. Furthermore, participants reported that they felt more confident interpreting and using statistics. Based on these findings, recommendations for improving methodological practices and graduate training in our field are provided.
The demobilizing potential of interpersonal conflict in the Pacific
Authors: Dalisay Francis , Yamamoto Masahiro , Kushin Matthew J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUsing the case of Guam, the present study examines the politically demobilizing potential of conflict avoidance in the Pacific. An analysis of data from a probability-based mail survey of registered voters (N = 319) in Guam revealed that conflict avoidance is inversely associated with political participation, civic engagement, and attention to interpersonal sources of information on a political issue. An inverse relationship between conflict avoidance and attention to the Internet as a source of information on a political issue was also approaching statistical significance. However, conflict avoidance was not associated with neighborliness. Implications are discussed.
Unpacking cultural conceptualizations in Chinese English
Authors: Xu Zhichang , Sharifian Farzad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConsiderable depth and breadth of research on Chinese English has been undertaken over the last three to four decades, contributing to the epistemological advancement of a number of academic disciplines, including world Englishes, Intercultural Communication, and Cultural Linguistics. Researching Chinese English involves engaging in ongoing theoretical developments in relevant disciplines that primarily focus on language and cultural studies, and the globalization and nativization of English in China. In this paper, we explore a Cultural Linguistics approach to researching Chinese English, and use cultural conceptualizations, including cultural schema, cultural category, and cultural metaphor, as the analytical framework with which to analyze a range of empirical linguistic data, including interviews, newspaper articles, textbooks, literary works by authors writing in Chinese English, and online media articles about China. We also draw out implications from researching Chinese cultural conceptualizations for intercultural communication involving Chinese speakers of English.
Investigating why Japanese students remain silent in Australian university classrooms
Authors: Sasaki Yusuke , Ortlieb Evan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
While Australian academic contexts generally prioritize verbal participation, Japanese educational environments expect students to participate silently. This research project explored why Japanese students remain silent in Australian classrooms despite knowing the expectations of western universities. Contrary to prevailing conceptions of silence in classroom contexts, findings revealed that some participants’ silent in-class behavior does not necessarily suggest reluctance or inability. Rather, participants assumed that verbally contributing to the class would impede the teacher’s lecture and their peers’ learning. Additional findings indicated that while cultural, identity traits, and previous education in Japan may have shaped their silent in-class behavior, some participants acknowledged the need to participate verbally to satisfy their teachers and peers in Australian classrooms. Peripheral factors such as the size of classrooms and lack of genuine rapport between classmates also influenced their classroom behavior. The findings expand upon existing literature which shows that Japanese students’ silence in Australian classrooms is often juxtaposed with teacher and student expectations.
Protest and protect
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhou Liling , Han Shufang 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A phenomenological study reveals Chinese mothers’ perception and interpretation of smartphone (tablet) in their everyday communications and interactions with their young children. In total, 23 in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data of the current study indicated that Chinese mothers’ perception of smartphone (tablet) in their everyday lives’ communication and interaction with young children is both grounded and reflective of their parenting philosophy and family communication style. Data of the current study indicated that today’s Chinese mothers have a mixed feeling toward the role of smartphone and tablet plays in their parenting practices. According to those participants, the smartphone and tablet both help and hurt their communications and interactions with their children. There are both direct and indirect benefits of using smartphone for parenting. Similarly, the smartphone (tablet) also hurts Chinese mothers’ communications and interactions with their children directly and indirectly.