bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le mithriacisme romain en Gaule septentrionale : état des questions fin 1990
Authors: Deman Albert 
Published: February 2016

The article includes :
1. a brief bibliography of Roman Mithriacism in the Empire at large and in northern Gaul in particular ;
2. an attempt at a brief synthesis of the major interpretations of Roman Mithriacism, as a basis of reflection to whoever intends to situate within the appropriate context the archaeological and epigraphical findigs connected to Mithra collected in northern Gaul ;
3. an archaeological catalogue and an epigraphical one of Mithra in the north of Gaul designed as complements to M.J. Vermaseren's collection (2 volumes, The Hague, 1956-1960).
«Northern Gaul» is meant as outside the French territory (However, an original interpretation is proposed for a monument of the mithraeum at Septeuil (Yvelines department).
Le Nord et le Pas-de-Calais face à la création de l'armée nationale (1791 - an II)
Authors: Crépin Annie 
Published: February 2016

In 1791 stonden het Noorden en de Pas-de-Calais gunstig tegen de lichtin- gen, ook nog maar minder in 1792, zij werden weigerachtig toen het opeisin- gen betrof zoals vanaf 1793.
De bevolking is dan wel in staat soms om zelf in opstand te komen tegen de overweldiger of te reageren op een oproep die van korte duur is, de gedachte dat zo elke soldaat een burger blijft, elke burger ook soldaat moet worden, de grondslag van het nationale léger en van een verplichte legerdienst, stoot op een groeiende vijandschap om vêle redenen die zowel met het korte — als lange termijn denken te maken hebben en daarbij komt het wantrouwen van de centraliserende staat, naast de belang van de ekonomische en sociale struc- tuur die meer meespeelt dan de politieke houding in verband met de Revolutie.
Les problèmes des évacuations sanitaires dans l'Armée du Nord de 1792 à 1794
Authors: Gérard Alain 
Published: February 2016

Al is er niet veel archiefmateriaal over, dan kan men toch een vrij precies heeld ophangen van de werking van de gezondheidsdienst van het léger van het Noorden in het begin van de revolutionaire période.
Het ophalen en evacueren van gewonden, wat niet eens voorzien was in het règlement, gebeurt in beklagenswaardige omstandigheden. Men komt er maar niet toe ambulances in te zetten. De hospitalen die door de hervorming van Colombier in 1788 gedesorganiseerd waren, worden opnieuw opgericht, als sédentaire instellingen en als veldhospitalen bij de légers. Er zijn grote lacunes in het functioneren.
De algemene indruk is er een van grote onzekerheid die de moeilijkheden tijdens het keizerrijk aankondigt.
MEASUREMENT OF THE RADIATIVE DECAY RATE AND ENERGY OF THE METASTABLE
LEVEL IN Fe xvii
Authors: Beiersdorfer P. , López-Urrutia J. R. Crespo , Träbert E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Measurements at the Livermore electron beam ion trap have been performed in order to infer the energy and the radiative lifetime of the

level in the Fe xvii spectrum. This is the longest-lived level in the neonlike iron ion, and its radiative decay produces the Fe xvii line at 1153 Å, feeding the population of the

upper level of one of the most prominent lines in the Fe xvii L-shell X-ray spectrum, commonly dubbed

. In the presence of a strong (

few kG) magnetic field, the

level has a finite probability to decay directly to the

neonlike ground level via the emission of an L-shell X-ray. Our measurements allow us to observe this X-ray line in the Fe xvii L-shell spectrum and from it to infer the radiative rate for the magnetic dipole decay of the

level to the

. Our result of

s−1 is in agreement with predictions. We have also measured the wavelength of the associated X-ray line to be 16.804 ± 0.002 Å, which means that the line is displaced 1.20 ± 0.05 eV from the neighboring

transition, commonly labeled

. From our measurement, we infer 5950570 ± 710 cm−1 for the energy of the

level.
THE SPECTRAL AMPLITUDE OF STELLAR CONVECTION AND ITS SCALING IN THE HIGH-RAYLEIGH-NUMBER REGIME
Authors: Featherstone Nicholas A. , Hindman Bradley W. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Convection plays a central role in the dynamics of any stellar interior, and yet its operation remains largely hidden from direct observation. As a result, much of our understanding concerning stellar convection necessarily derives from theoretical and computational models. The Sun is, however, exceptional in that regard. The wealth of observational data afforded by its proximity provides a unique test bed for comparing convection models against observations. When such comparisons are carried out, surprising inconsistencies between those models and observations become apparent. Both photospheric and helioseismic measurements suggest that convection simulations may overestimate convective flow speeds on large spatial scales. Moreover, many solar convection simulations have difficulty reproducing the observed solar differential rotation owing to this apparent overestimation. We present a series of three-dimensional stellar convection simulations designed to examine how the amplitude and spectral distribution of convective flows are established within a star’s interior. While these simulations are nonmagnetic and nonrotating in nature, they demonstrate two robust phenomena. When run with sufficiently high Rayleigh number, the integrated kinetic energy of the convection becomes effectively independent of thermal diffusion, but the spectral distribution of that kinetic energy remains sensitive to both of these quantities. A simulation that has converged to a diffusion-independent value of kinetic energy will divide that energy between spatial scales such that low-wavenumber power is overestimated and high-wavenumber power is underestimated relative to a comparable system possessing higher Rayleigh number. We discuss the implications of these results in light of the current inconsistencies between models and observations.
ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING OF VHS 1256–1257: A LOW MASS COMPANION TO A BROWN DWARF BINARY SYSTEM
Authors: Stone Jordan M. , Skemer Andrew J. , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Dupuy Trent J. , Close Laird M. , Eisner Josh A. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Hinz Philip M. , Males Jared R. , Morley Caroline V. , Morzinski Katie M. , Ward-Duong Kimberly 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, Gauza et al. reported the discovery of a companion to the late M-dwarf, VHS J125601.92–125723.9 (VHS 1256–1257). The companion’s absolute photometry suggests its mass and atmosphere are similar to the HR 8799 planets. However, as a wide companion to a late-type star, it is more accessible to spectroscopic characterization. We discovered that the primary of this system is an equal-magnitude binary. For an age ∼300 Myr the A and B components each have a mass of

, and the b component has a mass of

, making VHS 1256–1257 only the third brown dwarf triple system. There exists some tension between the spectrophotometric distance of 17.2 ± 2.6 pc and the parallax distance of 12.7 ± 1.0 pc. At 12.7 pc VHS 1256–1257 A and B would be the faintest known M7.5 objects, and are even faint outliers among M8 types. If the larger spectrophotmetric distance is more accurate than the parallax, then the mass of each component increases. In particular, the mass of the b component increases well above the deuterium burning limit to

and the mass of each binary component increases to

. At 17.1 pc, the UVW kinematics of the system are consistent with membership in the AB Dor moving group. The architecture of the system resembles a hierarchical stellar multiple suggesting it formed via an extension of the star formation process to low masses. Continued astrometric monitoring will resolve this distance uncertainty and will provide dynamical masses for a new benchmark system.
Snake richness in urban forest fragments from Niterói and surroundings, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Citeli Nathalie , Hamdan Breno , Guedes Thais 
Published: February 2016

The Atlantic Forest is a hotspot for biodiversity, an area which houses high species richness and endemism, but with high level of threat. With reference to the herpetofauna, until recently there has been no detailed information regarding diversity of snakes recorded in the Atlantic Forest, the number of endemic species and their distribution ranges. While these basic data were missing, large areas of original forest have continued to be lost to increased urbanization and human population, representing a severe threat to the biodiversity.
We recorded 28 snake species in our study area. Dipsadidae was the richest family with 14 species, followed by Colubridae (eight species), Boidae (two species), Viperidae (two species), and Anomalepididae, Elapidae and Typhlopidae (one species each). Most species were forest inhabitants (61%), of which 13 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. There were no clearly defined species clusters regarding species composition. None of the species recorded in Niterói are listed as threatened in the Brazilian Redlist. However, most of them are strongly associated with forested areas and, perhaps, are not adapted to live in small fragments. Thus, more initiatives should be implemented to evaluate the true conservation status of these species in order to better protect them.
Retinoic Acid Receptor γ Regulates B and T Lymphopoiesis via Nestin-Expressing Cells in the Bone Marrow and Thymic Microenvironments
Authors: Joseph Chacko , Nota Celeste , Fletcher Jessica L. , Maluenda Ana C. , Green Alanna C. , Purton Louise E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Vitamin A has essential but largely unexplained roles in regulating lymphopoiesis. We have previously shown that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ–deficient mice have hematopoietic defects, some phenotypes of which were microenvironment induced. Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment cells identified by either their expression of nestin (Nes) or osterix (Osx) have previously been shown to have roles in regulating lymphopoiesis. We therefore conditionally deleted Rarγ in Nes- or Osx-expressing microenvironment cells. Osx cell–specific deletion of Rarγ had no impact on hematopoiesis. In contrast, deletion of Rarγ in Nes-expressing cells resulted in reductions in peripheral blood B cells and CD4+ T cells, accompanied by reductions of immature PreB cells in BM. The mice lacking Rarγ in Nes-expressing cells also had smaller thymi, with reductions in double-negative 4 T cell precursors, accompanied by reduced numbers of both TCRβlow immature single-positive CD8+ cells and double-positive T cells. In the thymus, Nes expression was restricted to thymic stromal cells that expressed cerebellar degeneration-related Ag 1 and lacked expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule. These cells expressed platelet-derived growth factor α and high transcript levels of Rars, Cxcl12, and stem cell factor (Scf). Short-term treatment of mice with all-trans retinoic acid resulted in increased PreB lymphopoiesis in BM and an increase in thymic double-negative 4 T cells, inverse to that observed upon Nes cell-specific deletion of Rarγ. Collectively, these studies show that RARγ is a regulator of B and T lymphopoiesis via Nes-expressing cells in the BM and thymic microenvironments, respectively.
GAPDH Binding to TNF-α mRNA Contributes to Posttranscriptional Repression in Monocytes: A Novel Mechanism of Communication between Inflammation and Metabolism
Authors: Millet Patrick , Vachharajani Vidula , McPhail Linda , Yoza Barbara , McCall Charles E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExpression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF is tightly controlled. During endotoxin tolerance, transcription of TNF mRNA is repressed, although not entirely eliminated. Production of TNF cytokine, however, is further controlled by posttranscriptional regulation. In this study, we detail a mechanism of posttranscriptional repression of TNF mRNA by GAPDH binding to the TNF 3′ untranslated region. Using RNA immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that GAPDH–TNF mRNA binding increases when THP-1 monocytes are in a low glycolysis state, and that this binding can be reversed by knocking down GAPDH expression or by increasing glycolysis. We show that reducing glycolysis decreases TNF mRNA association with polysomes. We demonstrate that GAPDH–TNF mRNA binding results in posttranscriptional repression of TNF and that the TNF mRNA 3′ untranslated region is sufficient for repression. Finally, after exploring this model in THP-1 cells, we demonstrate this mechanism affects TNF expression in primary human monocytes and macrophages. We conclude that GAPDH–TNF mRNA binding regulates expression of TNF based on cellular metabolic state. We think this mechanism has potentially significant implications for treatment of various immunometabolic conditions, including immune paralysis during septic shock.
Yin Yang 1 Promotes Thymocyte Survival by Downregulating p53
Authors: Chen Liang , Foreman Daniel P. , Sant’Angelo Derek B. , Krangel Michael S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional activator or repressor and participates in multiple biological processes, including development and tumorigenesis. To investigate the role of YY1 in developing T cells, we used mouse models that depleted YY1 at two distinct stages of thymocyte development. When YY1 was depleted in CD4−CD8− double-negative thymocytes, development to the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage was impaired, due to increased apoptosis that prevented expansion of post–β-selection thymocytes. When YY1 was depleted in double-positive thymocytes, they underwent increased cell-autonomous apoptosis in vitro and displayed a shorter lifespan in vivo, as judged by their ability to undergo secondary Vα-to-Jα recombination. Mechanistically, we found that the increased apoptosis in YY1-deficient thymocytes was attributed to overexpression of p53, because concurrent loss of p53 completely rescued the developmental defects of YY1-deficient thymocytes. These results indicated that YY1 functions as a critical regulator of thymocyte survival and that it does so by suppressing the expression of p53.
Resolvin D1 Dampens Pulmonary Inflammation and Promotes Clearance of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Croasdell Amanda , Lacy Shannon H. , Thatcher Thomas H. , Sime Patricia J. , Phipps Richard P. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations in patients with underlying inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In mice, NTHi is rapidly cleared, but a strong inflammatory response persists, underscoring the concept that NTHi induces dysregulation of normal inflammatory responses and causes a failure to resolve. Lipid-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by both suppressing proinflammatory actions and promoting resolution pathways. Importantly, SPMs lack the immunosuppressive properties of classical anti-inflammatory therapies. On the basis of these characteristics, we hypothesized that aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) would dampen NTHi-induced inflammation while still enhancing bacterial clearance. C57BL/6 mice were treated with AT-RvD1 and infected with live NTHi. AT-RvD1–treated mice had lower total cell counts and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and had earlier influx of macrophages. In addition, AT-RvD1–treated mice showed changes in temporal regulation of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, with decreased KC at 6 h and decreased IL-6, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression at 24 h post infection. Despite reduced inflammation, AT-RvD1–treated mice had reduced NTHi bacterial load, mediated by enhanced clearance by macrophages and a skewing toward an M2 phenotype. Finally, AT-RvD1 protected NTHi-infected mice from weight loss, hypothermia, hypoxemia, and respiratory compromise. This research highlights the beneficial role of SPMs in pulmonary bacterial infections and provides the groundwork for further investigation into SPMs as alternatives to immunosuppressive therapies like steroids.
Effect of hyperlipidemia on response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy: Statin users versus nonusers
Authors: Sangwan Aditi , Tewari Shikha , Singh Harpreet , Sharma Rajinder Kumar , Narula Satish Chander 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy among hyperlipidemic subjects and whether statin use by hyperlipidemic subjects influences the response. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 107 chronic periodontitis subjects (35 normolipidemic [NL] controls, 36 hyperlipidemics on nonpharmacological therapy and 36 hyperlipidemics on statins). Periodontal (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) and biochemical (plasma triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-DL-C [HDL-C] levels) examination was done at baseline and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Results: Both the NL and statin groups exhibited significantly greater improvement in GI as compared to the hyperlipidemic group on nonpharmacological therapy (P = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively). Mean change in PD correlated negatively with baseline TC (r = −0.306) and LDL-C (r = −0.360) while mean change in GI positively correlated with baseline HDL-C (r = 0.219). Regression analyses revealed that mean change in PD was negatively associated with LDL-C (β = −0.358, P < 0.001) while mean change in GI was positively associated with HDL-C (β = 0.219, P = 0.023). Conclusions: While higher baseline lipid levels were somewhat detrimental to the resolution of inflammation postperiodontal treatment, the inclusion of statin therapy among hyperlipidemic subjects seemed to improve clinical response as compared to those devoid of the drug. The findings of the study are suggestive of a possible adjunctive role of statins in periodontal treatment that warrants future studies.
A review of ethanol wet-bonding: Principles and techniques
Authors: Ayar Muhammet Kerim 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTConventional water wet-bonding technique has been advocated by many scientists, but the excess water will induce suboptimal polymerization of dental adhesives, phase separation, and nanoleakage, which will influence the longevity of resin-dentin interfaces. Recent studies have put forward a new concept, ethanol wet-bonding. This technique can increase in dentin bond durability. This review focuses on the principles of ethanol wet-bonding, its surface treatment methods.
Correlation of patient's mental attitude with age, sex, and educational level: A survey
Authors: Choudhary Shweta , Kumar Ajit , Arora Himanshu 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine any relationship, if exists, between the patient's mental attitude with age, sex, or educational qualification. Methods: A total of 200 patients who attended the outpatient department during a span of 1 year, for the fabrication of new complete dentures, were chosen for the study. After completing a routine case history and examination, a questionnaire was filled by the clinician as answered by the patient. Participants were evaluated and categorized based on the questionnaire and clinical experience during treatment according to a predefined classification of determining mental attitudes. Outcomes from the survey were correlated with participant gender, age, and educational status. Results: The male to female ratio was 83:117, out of the 200 enrolled participants. The results from the questionnaire showed that females were found to be more exacting (P = 0.007) in nature, while males, on the other hand, revealed more indifferent attitude (P = 0.02); both differences being statistically significant. Of the three age group categories: Participants in the age group of 45–54 years revealed a significant inclination toward an exacting attitude when compared with other age groups (P < 0.001). In regards to educational status, an illiterate or minimally educated group significantly outnumbered the college graduates in the indifferent attitude group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it could be said that the mental attitudes of patients could vary according to gender, age, and educational status, which could affect patient cooperation and satisfaction with oral rehabilitation, eventually manipulating the overall success of the treatment rendered.
Determination of vertical characteristics with different cephalometric measurements
Authors: Benedicto Eduardo de Novaes , Kairalla Silvana Allegrini , Oliveira Gustavo Mussi Stefan , Junior Laerte Ribeiro Menezes , Rosário Henrique Damian , Paranhos Luiz Renato 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze a possible correlation between different measures in the definition of vertical facial types. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical observational study about 95 lateral teleradiographs of Caucasian individuals with normal occlusion, of which 54 were male (56.84%) and 41 female (43.16%), aged between 15 years and 2 months old and 21 years and 4 months old. Facial types were divided into dolichofacial, mesofacial, and brachyfacial, according to the standards established by different authors. A relationship between these measurements was verified using total agreement analysis and the Kappa method, with the interpretation suggested by Landis and Koch. Results: Kappa was considered fair for Jarabak X VERT (0.22 and 60%) and slight for Jarabak X SN.GoGn (0.06 and 36.8%). Conclusions: Cephalometric studies often present different interpretations on the description of vertical facial types. In this study, the lowest agreement was between Jarabak and SN.GoGn. Such difference in interpretation may lead to distinct therapeutic approaches and thus different results.
Shear bond strength of bulk-fill and nano-restorative materials to dentin
Authors: Colak Hakan , Ercan Ertugrul , Hamidi Mehmet Mustafa 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Bulk-fill composite materials are being developed for preparation depths of up to 4 mm in an effort to simplify and improve the placement of direct composite posterior restorations. The aim of our study was to compare shear-bond strength of bulk-fill and conventional posterior composite resins. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 caries free extracted human molars were used and sectioned parallel to occlusal surface to expose midcoronal dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups. Total-etch dentine bonding system (Adper Scotchbond 1XT, 3M ESPE) was applied to dentin surface in all the groups to reduce variability in results. Then, dentine surfaces covered by following materials. Group I: SonicFill Bulk-Fill, Group II: Tetric EvoCeram (TBF), Group III: Herculite XRV Ultra, and Group IV: TBF Bulk-Fill, 2 mm × 3 mm cylindrical restorations were prepared by using application apparatus. Shear bond testing was measured by using a universal testing machine. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed to evaluate the data. Results: The highest value was observed in Group III (14.42 ± 4.34) and the lowest value was observed in Group IV (11.16 ± 2.76) and there is a statistically significant difference between these groups (P = 0.046). However, there is no statistically significant difference between the values of other groups. In this study, Group III was showed higher strength values. Conclusion: There is a need for future studies about long-term bond strength and clinical success of these adhesive and bulk-fill systems.