bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shell use by sympatric hermit crab species in a seasonally open coastal lagoon in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Vale Valéria F. , Moraes Sávio A. S. N. , Brito Vanessa L. G. , Alencar Carlos E. R. D. , Freire Fúlvio A. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere are gaps in what is known about the patterns of gastropod shell use by hermit crabs in Brazilian lagoon areas, especially in Northeastern Brazil. However, this is important because the understanding of selection patterns provides information on life history and eco‐evolutionary conceptions of paguroids. The present study investigated the use of gastropod shells occupied by Pagurus criniticornis and Clibanarius sclopetarius in a coastal lagoon seasonally connected to an estuary and to the sea, correlating eco‐evolutionary aspects and hydrodynamic characters. The study was carried out between February 2013 and January 2014. Hermit crabs and their shells were identified and measured (hermit crabs’ cephalothorax shield length and width, major propodus length and height, weight, shell total length and width, shell aperture length and width). Partial least squares regression was used to analyse the morphometric data. Additionally, a multinomial proportions test was performed to infer patterns (inter‐/intra‐specific) of shells’ occupation. Hermit crab species occupied a total of 13 types of shells, predominantly those of Neritina virginea (67.83%). The shell weight was the most important determinant of shell occupancy in the morphometric model (variable importance in projection >1). The proportions of N. virginea shells used were similar in both species of hermit crabs, except between the sexes of P. criniticornis. Presumably, the high utilization rate of N. virginea shells is related to its abundance and dispersal, and to the shells’ suitability for hermit crabs, which is reflected by the morphometric model, as well as by the hydrodynamics of the lagoon‐estuarine environment. The relative occupation of different types of shells for each species of hermit crabs studied appears to be associated with regulation by inter‐/intra‐specific competition, which fosters the co‐occurrence of those populations. These results endorse coastal lagoons as a refuge and recruitment area for aquatic fauna. In addition, it highlights a challenge in the management and conservation of paguroid species whose population dynamics depend on the resources coming from the Gastropoda community.
Silencing of copine genes confers common wheat enhanced resistance to powdery mildew
Authors: Zou Baohong , Ding Yuan , Liu He , Hua Jian 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPowdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a major threat to the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). It is of great importance to identify new resistance genes for the generation of Bgt‐resistant or Bgt‐tolerant wheat varieties. Here, we show that the wheat copine genes TaBON1 and TaBON3 negatively regulate wheat disease resistance to Bgt. Two copies of TaBON1 and three copies of TaBON3, located on chromosomes 6AS, 6BL, 1AL, 1BL and 1DL, respectively, were identified from the current common wheat genome sequences. The expression of TaBON1 and TaBON3 is responsive to both pathogen infection and temperature changes. Knocking down of TaBON1 or TaBON3 by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) induces the up‐regulation of defence responses in wheat. These TaBON1‐ or TaBON3‐silenced plants exhibit enhanced wheat disease resistance to Bgt, accompanied by greater accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and heightened cell death. In addition, high temperature has little effect on the up‐regulation of defence response genes conferred by the silencing of TaBON1 or TaBON3. Our study shows a conserved function of plant copine genes in plant immunity and provides new genetic resources for the improvement of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat.
Prevalence, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility ofCandidaspp. isolated from bloodstream infections in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil
Authors: Canela Heliara Maria Spina , Cardoso Bárbara , Vitali Lucia Helena , Coelho Harnoldo Colares , Martinez Roberto , Ferreira Márcia Eliana da Silva 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCandidaspp. are responsible for 80% of all systemic fungal infections and are associated with high mortality rates. This study characterised 79 bloodstream isolates ofC. albicans,C. glabrata,C. orthopsilosis,C. parapsilosisandC. tropicalisfrom patients in a Brazilian hospital. The susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole was determined; virulence factor production was assessed based on haemolysin, phospholipase and proteinase activities, and the patients’ clinical characteristics were analysed.C. albicanswas the predominant species (44%), followed byC. glabrata(19%),C. tropicalis(19%),C. parapsilosis(14%) andC. orthopsilosis(4%). The candidemia incidence was 1.52 per 1000 admissions, and the crude mortality rate was 52%. OneC. albicansisolate was resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. Moreover, 20.2%, 2.5% and 3.8% of the isolates exhibited dose‐dependent susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin, respectively. In conclusion, although theC. glabrataincidence was higher than that usually described in Brazil, its increase was previously observed in studies conducted worldwide. Furthermore, the azole resistance of theC. albicansisolate could be due to previous exposure to these antifungals. These results highlight the importance of epidemiological studies and will facilitate an improved understanding of candidemia in the studied hospital.
Changes in trends and impact of testing for influenza in infants with fever <90 days of age
Authors: Kim Suji , Moon Hye Min , Lee Joon Kee , Rhie Kyuyol , Yoon Ki Wook , Choi Eun Hwa , Lee Hoan Jong , Lee Hyunju 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundInfants aged <90 days who present with fever commonly undergo various invasive procedures due to the risk of bacterial infection in this age group. A great proportion of cases, however, are due to viral infection, including influenza. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the impact of influenza testing in infants <90 days with fever, as well as analyze the subject characteristics to identify which infants should be considered for such testing.MethodsClinical characteristics and trends in influenza virus testing and treatment were analyzed among febrile infants <90 days who presented to the emergency room and were diagnosed with influenza during 2005–2015.ResultsAmong 5,347 febrile infants aged <90 days, 963 (18%) underwent influenza virus test. A total of 114 (11.8%) were diagnosed with influenza. The positivity rate reached 67% of febrile infants during epidemics. Of them, 83 had a history of family contact. While more than half presented with upper respiratory symptoms, 34% had only fever without respiratory symptoms. A decrease in antibiotic use and admission rates during the study period among infants diagnosed with influenza was seen (P for trend <0.05).ConclusionsDuring the influenza epidemic season, diagnostic tests for influenza based on a detailed contact history are necessary in assessing the cause of fever. Targeted testing for influenza may lead to a decrease in antibiotic use and admission rates in young infants.
Patient participation in mental health care – perspectives of healthcare professionals: an integrative review
Authors: Jørgensen Kim , Rendtorff Jacob Dahl 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundIn contemporary Western liberal society, patient participation has become a key goal in psychiatric healthcare treatment. Health professionals must encourage patients to play an active and involved part in their treatment. According to Danish health law, patients have the right to participate in their treatment, and the mental health system therefore needs to be reformed in order to ensure that treatment is based on individual, liberal, values. However, patient participation is not clearly defined, and it is therefore a challenge to transfer it to clinical practice.AimsThis integrative review's aims are to explore how professionals perceive the challenges regarding patient participation in the treatment course in mental health care.DesignAn integrative review.FindingsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria: six employed qualitative methodologies and one utilised a mixed‐methods approach. The empirical studies took place in Norway, the UK and Australia, all in a mental health setting. Three themes were identified: ‘Patient participation as collaboration between the healthcare professional and patient’, ‘Challenges to participation’ and ‘From a professional's perspective – what expectations do patients have when participating in decision‐making?’ConclusionDifferent synonymous terms describing the patient's active role during treatment – user participation, collaboration, partnership, user involvement and patient participation – are linked to a recovery‐oriented approach, shared decision‐making, shared ownership and care plans. This integrative review achieves specific knowledge around patient participation, comparing the situation for adult patients with various mental disorders. However, upon reflecting on the included studies, patient participation is not clearly defined, and it is therefore difficult to transfer it to clinical practice.
Feasibility of Assessing Suicide Ideation and History of Suicidal Behavior in Rural Communities
Authors: Cukrowicz Kelly C. , Brown Sarah L. , Mitchell Sean M. , Roush Jared F. , Hirsch Jameson K. 
Published: September 2017

Suicide in rural areas has not received significant attention in the research literature to this point, although suicide rates are higher among adults and older adults in rural areas than in urban areas. The aims of the study were as follows: (1) establish the feasibility of assessing suicide ideation and history of suicidal behavior; (2) determine preliminary estimates of the prevalence of suicide ideation, and history of suicide attempts; and (3) examine the effectiveness and acceptability of safety and referral plans for individuals whose responses indicated elevated suicide risk, in rural communities with limited access to referral care. Participants were 96 adults aged 40 to 85 years old (M = 57.34, SD = 11.47) residing in West Texas. Our results indicate that 26% of participants endorsed a lifetime history of suicide ideation and/or suicide attempt(s) and 12.5% reported suicide ideation in the past year. In addition, 93.4% of participants reported that participation in our suicide‐focused study was an excellent or good experience. Results suggest that individuals in rural communities are willing to talk about suicide, found the experience helpful, and were satisfied with the referral process.
Low‐dose valganciclovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus in intermediate‐risk (R+) renal transplant recipients: Single‐center experience
Authors: Khan Salman , Fischman Clara , Huprikar Shirish 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRenal transplant recipients (RTR) who are seropositive for CMV (R+) are considered to be at intermediate risk for CMV disease. Current guidelines recommend high‐dose valganciclovir (VGCV) prophylaxis because of limited data on the efficacy of low‐dose VGCV. We describe our experience with using low‐dose VGCV in R+ RTR. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 316 R+ RTR at our institution between 2002 and 2006. The primary endpoint was CMV disease at 1 year post transplant. The incidence of CMV disease at 12 months after transplantation was only 3% (6/221) in the D+R+ and 4% (4/95) in the D−R+ RTR. Low‐dose VGCV was effective at preventing CMV disease in intermediate‐risk (R+) RTR.
Promoting Sketching in Introductory Geoscience Courses: CogSketch Geoscience Worksheets
Authors: Garnier Bridget , Chang Maria , Ormand Carol , Matlen Bryan , Tikoff Basil , Shipley Thomas F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch from cognitive science and geoscience education has shown that sketching can improve spatial thinking skills and facilitate solving spatially complex problems. Yet sketching is rarely implemented in introductory geosciences courses, due to time needed to grade sketches and lack of materials that incorporate cognitive science research. Here, we report a design‐centered, collaborative effort, between geoscientists, cognitive scientists, and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, to characterize spatial learning challenges in geoscience and to design sketch activities that use a sketch‐understanding program, CogSketch. We developed 26 CogSketch worksheets that use cognitive science–based principles to scaffold problem solving of spatially complex geoscience problems and report observations of an implementation in an introductory geoscience course where students used CogSketch or human‐graded paper worksheets. Overall, this research highlights the principles of interdisciplinary design between cognitive scientists, geoscientists, and AI researchers that can inform the collaborative design process for others aiming to develop effective educational materials.
Evaluation of Chlorine Treatment Levels for Inactivation of Human Norovirus and MS2 Bacteriophage during Sewage Treatment
Authors: Kingsley David H. , Fay Johnna P. , Calci Kevin , Pouillot Régis , Woods Jacquelina , Chen Haiqiang , Niemira Brendan A. , Van Doren Jane M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

This study examined the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNoV) GI.1 and GII.4 by chlorine under conditions mimicking sewage treatment. Using a porcine gastric mucin-magnetic bead (PGM-MB) assay, no statistically significant loss in HuNoV binding (inactivation) was observed for secondary effluent treatments of ≤25 ppm total chlorine; for both strains, 50 and 100 ppm treatments resulted in ≤0.8-log
10
unit and ≥3.9-log
10
unit reductions, respectively. Treatments of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm chlorine inactivated 0.31, 1.35, >5, and >5 log
10
units, respectively, of the norovirus indicator MS2 bacteriophage. Evaluation of treatment time indicated that the vast majority of MS2 and HuNoV inactivation occurred in the first 5 min for 0.2-μm-filtered, prechlorinated secondary effluent. Free chlorine measurements of secondary effluent seeded with MS2 and HuNoV demonstrated substantial oxidative burdens. With 25, 50, and 100 ppm treatments, free chlorine levels after 5 min of exposure ranged from 0.21 to 0.58 ppm, from 0.28 to 16.7 ppm, and from 11.6 to 53 ppm, respectively. At chlorine treatment levels of >50 ppm, statistically significant differences were observed between reductions for PGM-MB-bound HuNoV (potentially infectious) particles and those for unbound (noninfectious) HuNoV particles or total norovirus particles. While results suggested that MS2 and HuNoV (measured as PGM-MB binding) behave similarly, although not identically, both have limited susceptibility to chlorine treatments of ≤25 ppm total chlorine. Since sewage treatment is performed at ≤25 ppm total chlorine, targeting free chlorine levels of 0.5 to 1.0 ppm, these results suggest that traditional chlorine-based sewage treatment does not inactivate HuNoV efficiently.

IMPORTANCE
HuNoV is ubiquitous in sewage. A receptor binding assay was used to assess inactivation of HuNoV by chlorine-based sewage treatment, given that the virus cannot be routinely propagated
in vitro
. Results reported here indicate that chlorine treatment of sewage is not effective for inactivating HuNoV unless chlorine levels are above those routinely used for sewage treatment.
High-Density Cultivation of Terrestrial Nostoc Strains Leads to Reprogramming of Secondary Metabolome
Authors: Guljamow Arthur , Kreische Marco , Ishida Keishi , Liaimer Anton , Altermark Bjørn , Bähr Lars , Hertweck Christian , Ehwald Rudolf , Dittmann Elke 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Terrestrial symbiotic cyanobacteria of the genus
Nostoc
exhibit a large potential for the production of bioactive natural products of the nonribosomal peptide, polyketide, and ribosomal peptide classes, and yet most of the biosynthetic gene clusters are silent under conventional cultivation conditions. In the present study, we utilized a high-density cultivation approach recently developed for phototrophic bacteria to rapidly generate biomass of the filamentous bacteria up to a density of 400 g (wet weight)/liter. Unexpectedly, integrated transcriptional and metabolomics studies uncovered a major reprogramming of the secondary metabolome of two
Nostoc
strains at high culture density and a governing effect of extracellular signals in this process. The holistic approach enabled capturing and structural elucidation of novel variants of anabaenopeptin, including one congener with potent allelopathic activity against a strain isolated from the same habitat. The study provides a snapshot on the role of cell-type-specific expression for the formation of natural products in cyanobacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Terrestrial filamentous cyanobacteria are a largely untapped source of small-molecule natural products. Exploitation of the phototrophic organisms is hampered by their slow growth and the requirement of photobioreactors. The present study not only demonstrates the suitability of a recently developed two-tier vessel cultivation approach for the rapid generation of biomass of
Nostoc
strains but also demonstrates a pronounced upregulation of high value natural products at ultrahigh culture densities. The study provides new guidelines for high-throughput screening and exploitation of small-molecule natural products and can facilitate the discovery new bioactive products from terrestrial cyanobacteria.
Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridioides difficile Epidemic Strain DH/NAP11/106/ST-42, Isolated from Stool from a Pediatric Patient with Diarrhea
Authors: Ozer Egon A. , Hauser Alan R. , Gerding Dale N. , Espinosa Robyn O. , Hecht David W. , Kociolek Larry K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Clostridioides difficile
strain DH/NAP11/106/ST-42, which is now the most common strain causing
C. difficile
infection among U.S. adults. This strain was isolated from the stool from a hospitalized pediatric patient with frequent relapses of
C. difficile
infection.
Conservation and Recombination in the Genome Sequence of Haemophilus influenzae Type f WAPHL1
Authors: Bateman Allen C. , Perez-Osorio Ailyn C. , Li Zhen , Tran Michael , Greninger Alexander L. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the second draft genome sequence of a bloodstream isolate of
Haemophilus influenzae
serotype f. Three discrete 3.1- to 7.8-kb sites contained 80% of the variability in the genome, consistent with recombination in known virulence factors.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni RM1246-ERRC, Which Exhibits Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Authors: Gunther Nereus W. , Reichenberger Erin R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
strain RM1246-ERRC is a clinical isolate. In laboratory experiments, RM1246-ERRC exhibited greater resistance to the antimicrobial effects of quaternary ammonium compounds than other
C. jejuni
strains. The chromosome of RM1246-ERRC is 1,659,694 bp with a G+C content of 30.56%. The strain also possesses a 45,197-bp plasmid.
Genome Sequence for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11, Associated with a Cluster of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Cases in South Africa, 2017
Authors: Smith Anthony M. , Bosco Kalule J. , Nicol Mark P. , Kleynhans Jackie , McCulloch Mignon , Duze Sanelisiwe T. , Ismail Arshad , Allam Mushal , Tau Nomsa P. , Keddy Karen H. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains are primarily foodborne pathogens that may cause diarrheal outbreaks and are associated with severe complications, specifically hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). We report here genome sequence data for STEC O26:H11, which is associated with a cluster of cases of HUS, a rarely described syndrome in South Africa.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain KM014, a Clinical Isolate from South Korea
Authors: Han Jemin , Park Byung-Sun , Shin Dong-Ju , Song Soo-Yeol , Jeong Young-Ju , Lee Nakhyung 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeis the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia, resulting in considerable economic losses in the swine industry. A few genome sequences ofM. hyopneumoniaehave been reported to date, implying that additional genome data are needed for further genetic studies. Here, we present the annotated genome sequence ofM. hyopneumoniaestrain KM014.
Understanding barriers and outcomes of unspecified (non-directed altruistic) kidney donation from both professional’s and patient’s perspectives: research protocol for a national multicentre mixed-methods prospective cohort study
Authors: Gare Rebecca , Gogalniceanu Petrut , Maple Hannah , Burnapp Lisa , Clarke Alexis , Williams Lynsey , Norton Sam , Chilcot Joseph , Gibbs Paul , Mitchell Annie , McCrone Paul , Draper Heather , Mamode Nizam 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionLiving donation accounts for over one-third of all kidney transplants taking place in the UK.1The concept of anonymously donating a kidney to a stranger (non-directed altruistic or unspecified kidney donation (UKD)) remains uncomfortable for some clinicians, principally due to concerns about the motivations and long-term physical and psychological outcomes in this donor group.AimsThe research programme aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the unspecified donor programme in the UK. It aims to identify reasons for variations in practice across centres, explore outcomes for donors and ascertain barriers and facilitators to UKD, as well as assess the economic implications of unspecified donation.MethodsThe research programme will adopt a mixed-methods approach to assessing UKD nationally using focus groups, interviews and questionnaires. Two study populations will be investigated. The first will include transplant professionals involved in unspecified kidney donation. The second will include a 5-year prospective cohort of individuals who present to any of the 23 UK transplant centres as a potential unspecified living kidney donor. Physical and psychological outcomes will be followed up to 1 year following donation or withdrawal from the donation process. A matched sample of specified donors (those donating to someone they know) will be recruited as a control group. Further qualitative work consisting of interviews will be performed on a purposive sample of unspecified donors from both groups (those who do and do not donate).DisseminationThe findings will be reported to NHS Blood and Transplant and the British Transplant Society with a view to developing national guidelines and a protocol for the management of those presenting for unspecified donation.Trial registration numberISRCTN23895878, Pre-results.