bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of infundibular squamous cell carcinoma on the nose with aggressive clinical behavior: Case report and review of the published work
Authors: Kiyohara Takahiro , Nakamaru Sei , Nagano Naoko , Terai Sayaka , Makimura Kaoru , Suzuki Kenji , Iwai Hiroshi , Tanimura Hirotsugu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCase 1 was a 75‐year‐old Japanese man who presented with a poorly demarcated, dark‐red nodule with a destructive defect in the center, measuring 3 cm × 2 cm on the right wing of his nose. The histological diagnosis was a common form of infundibular squamous cell carcinoma. Atypical neoplastic cells radiated from the wall of a follicular infundibulum. The majority of neoplastic cells were positive for AE1/AE3 and 34βE12. Cytokeratin 17 expression was seen in the suprabasal cells of the deeply situated neoplastic components. Case 2 was a 73‐year‐old Japanese man who presented with a poorly demarcated, dark‐red nodule with an irregularly shaped ulcer in the center, measuring 3 cm × 2 cm on the left wing of his nose. The histological diagnosis was a crater form of infundibular squamous cell carcinoma. Atypical neoplastic cells radiated from the broad base of the central keratin‐filled crater, continuous with two infundibular canals. In both cases, some of the more deeply situated aggregations were composed of neoplastic keratinocytes with eosinophilic glassy or pale cytoplasm. In addition, no atypical keratinocytes could be seen in the interfollicular epidermis. In case 1, a hematogenous metastasis to the vocal cord and the forehead occurred in addition to a lymph node metastasis. In case 2, a local recurrence occurred with an intralymphatic dissemination. We describe two cases of infundibular squamous cell carcinoma on the nose with aggressive clinical behavior, one of which was accompanied by a hematogenous metastasis while another revealed a local recurrence.
Patient reported outcomes of slow, single arc rotation: Do we need rotating gantries?
Authors: Whelan Brendan , Welgampola Miriam , McGarvie Leigh , Makhija Kuldeep , Turner Robin M , Holloway Lois , Feain Ilana , Jackson Michael , Barton Michael , Keall Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionPatient rotation could greatly simplify radiation therapy delivery, with particularly important ramifications for fixed beam treatment with protons, heavy ions, MRI‐Linacs, and low cost Linacs. Patient tolerance is often cited as a barrier to widespread implementation to patient rotation; however, no quantitative data addressing this issue exists. In this study, patient reported experiences of slow, single arc rotation in upright (sitting) and lying orientations are reported.MethodsFifteen patients currently or previously treated for cancer were slowly (~2 rpm) rotated in upright and lying orientations using an existing medical device. Patients were rotated 360° in 45° increments. Rotation was paused for 30 seconds at each angle to simulate beam delivery. Claustrophobia, anxiety and motion sickness were monitored via validated questionnaires. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test for significant differences in anxiety and motion sickness before, during and after the study.ResultsNo significant differences in anxiety or motion sickness were found between before and after the study, or upright and lying rotation (P > 0.05). The median percentage scores for anxiety and motion sickness immediately following the study were both 0. In general, anxiety and motion sickness scores were low throughout the study. All patients except one completed the study.ConclusionsSlow, single arc rotation in upright and lying orientations was well tolerated in this study. These results support the need for further studies into the clinical implementation of patient rotation, which could have a major impact on the practice and cost of radiotherapy.
Risk of Stroke Associated With Use of Estrogen Containing Contraceptives in Women With Migraine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheikh Huma U. , Pavlovic Jelena , Loder Elizabeth , Burch Rebecca 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveMigraine with aura has been associated with increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Prior studies have shown a further increase in risk in women using combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). This has led to guidelines recommending against use of CHCs in this population. We sought to assess whether the risk of stroke is associated with the dose of estrogen and whether there is evidence of synergism between migraine and CHCs. We also sought to assess whether an interaction effect exists between migraine and CHCs.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception through January 2016 for relevant English‐language studies of adults, of any design. We included studies that examined exposure to CHCs and reported outcomes of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Data extraction and assessment of study quality were conducted independently by reviewer pairs and quality was assessed with the GRADE and Newcastle Ottawa scales.ResultsOf 2480 records, 15 studies met inclusion criteria and six provided odds ratios for the relevant population. The point estimates for the odds ratios for ischemic stroke in women with migraine who used CHCs with any dose of estrogen ranged from 2.08 to 16.9. Studies were generally small and confidence intervals were wide. No studies reported odds ratios for stroke risk as a function of estrogen dose in women with migraine, largely due to insufficient sample sizes. No interaction effect between migraine and CHCs was seen in the seven studies that assessed this. One study differentiated risk by presence or absence of migraine aura and found an increased risk in the migraine with aura population (OR 6.1; CI 3.1 to 12.1 in migraine with aura vs 1.8; CI 1.1 to 2.9 in the migraine without aura group). Studies generally had high Newcastle Ottawa scores and low GRADE levels of evidence. No studies met all three supplementary quality criteria (assessed migraine subtype, used International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for diagnosis of migraine, and stratified risk by estrogen dose).ConclusionsThis systematic review shows a lack of good quality studies assessing risk of stroke associated with low dose estrogen use in women with migraine. Further study in this area is needed. The available evidence is consistent with an additive increase in stroke risk with CHC use in women with migraine with aura. Since the absolute risk of stroke is low even in the presence of these risk factors, use of CHCs in women who have migraine with aura should be based on an individualized assessment of harms and benefits.
15. The Morphology of the Ostrich Chondrocranium
Authors: Brock Gwendolen T. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe main points of interset which have emerged from the study of the ostrich chondrocranium are:–

Confirmation of de Beer's account of the formation of an olfactory canal by the apposition of the anterior orbital cartilages to the nasal septum and backwardly directed parietotectals.
Confirmation of de Beer's account of the formation of a pila antotica spuria, separating V 1 from V 2, as a secondary backward extension of the original normal pila antotica.
There is only a very short infrapolar process in the ostrich; the lateral carotid foramen is formed by the extreme flexure of the polar-trabecular against the parachordal region and the fusion of the two regions below the carotid artery.
The origin of the metotic process rudiment in the ostrich throws no light on the nature of this process. De Beer's suggestion that it represents a number of fused cranial ribs is neither confirmed nor refuted, since the earliest mesenchyme is attached both to the otic capsule and to the occipital region.
The columella auris has a low backwardly directed suprastapedial and the chorda tympani takes a pre-columella course; the origin of the nerve is as a normal post-trematic branch of the hyomandibular nerve. This condition is compared with that in other birds.
On general considerations, it is shown that the ostrich chondrocranium conforms closely to the typical avian chondrocranium, with very few indications of a primitive nature.
Hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha mediates the major metabolic effects of Wy‐14643
Authors: Li Guolin , Brocker Chad N , Xie Cen , Yan Tingting , Noguchi Audrey , Krausz Kristopher W , Xiang Rong , Gonzalez Frank J 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and AimPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a molecular target of various fibrate drugs clinically used to lower serum lipids. However, the tissue‐specific functions of PPARα remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the tissue‐specific functions of PPARα in response to Wy‐14643.MethodsA hepatocyte‐specific Ppara knockout mouse line was used to explore the impact of hepatic PPARα activity on the systemic response to treatment with the potent PPARα agonist Wy‐14643.ResultsWy‐14643 mainly activated hepatic PPARα and regulated the expression of PPARα target genes in liver. Hepatic Ppara disruption abolished the triglyceride lowering effects of Wy‐14643, prevented agonist‐induced hypophagia, and ablated PPARα target gene response in the liver.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that Wy‐14643 treatment mainly activates hepatic PPARα, and the hypolipidemic and hypophagic effects of Wy‐14643 are dependent on PPARα activation within hepatocytes.
Meta‐Analysis of Coefficient Alpha: A Reliability Generalization Study
Authors: Greco Lindsey M. , O'Boyle Ernest H. , Cockburn Bethany S. , Yuan Zhenyu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncreasing precision of measurement is a goal of scientific advancement, but Nunnally's (1978) .70 benchmark for coefficient alpha (alpha) has remained the omnibus test for reliability for nearly 40 years. This likely arises due to there only being scattered empirical evidence of the degree to which the field has met or surpassed this standard. Using meta‐analytic techniques known as reliability generalization (RG), we cumulate alphas across 36 commonly used individual differences, attitudes, and behaviours from 1675 independent samples (N = 991,588). Our primary finding is that alphas almost always exceed .70 and generally fall above .80. In addition, we identified factors that moderate alpha including the specific measure used, the number of scale items, and the rater. The study provides baseline alphas that can be used for research planning and design; it also offers best practices for RG and notes the benefits of RG for understanding systematic fluctuations in reliability.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and hyponatremia associated with localized herpes zoster infection treated with acyclovir
Authors: Yaguchi Masamitsu , Yaguchi Hisa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report a 91‐year‐old woman with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and hyponatremia that developed during the course of localized herpes zoster infection of the L2 dermatome treated with acyclovir. Hyponatremia was consistent with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). Localized herpes zoster rarely causes SIAD. PRES may be related to hyponatremia associated with localized herpes zoster.
Extracellular proteinases of Candida species pathogenic yeasts
Authors: Rapala‐Kozik M. , Bochenska O. , Zajac D. , Karkowska‐Kuleta J. , Gogol M. , Zawrotniak M. , Kozik A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe increased incidence of severe disseminated infections caused by the opportunistic yeast‐like fungi Candida spp. highlights the urgent need for research into the major virulence factors of these pathogens—extracellular aspartic proteinases of the candidapepsin and yapsin families. Classically, these enzymes were considered to be generally destructive factors that damage host tissues and provide nutrients for pathogen propagation. However, in recent decades, novel and more specific functions have been suggested for extracellular candidal proteinases. These include contributions to cell wall maintenance and remodeling, the formation of polymicrobial biofilms, adhesion to external protective barriers of the host, the deregulation of host proteolytic cascades (such as the complement system, blood coagulation and the kallikrein–kinin system), a dysregulated host proteinase–inhibitor balance, the inactivation of host antimicrobial peptides, evasion of immune responses and the induction of inflammatory mediator release from host cells. Only a few of these activities recognized in Candida albicans candidapepsins have been also confirmed in other Candida species, and characterization of Candida glabrata yapsins remains limited.
Serological evidence for the co‐circulation of two lineages of influenza D viruses in equine populations of the Midwest United States
Authors: Nedland H. , Wollman J. , Sreenivasan C. , Quast M. , Singrey A. , Fawcett L. , Christopher‐Hennings J. , Nelson E. , Kaushik R. S. , Wang D. , Li F. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryInfluenza D virus (IDV) is a newly described influenza type of the Orthomyxoviridae virus family that was first isolated from diseased swine in 2011 and has subsequently been detected in cattle around the world in 2014. In addition, serological evidence for IDV infection in humans has been recently established. Despite all the progress, the full range of susceptible hosts for this novel virus has yet to be determined, but includes swine, bovine, small ruminants and human. This study was designed to determine if equine is a possible host to this newly emerging influenza virus. Three hundred and sixty‐four equine serum samples were collected in 2015 from 141 farms within the Midwestern United States. Serum samples were examined using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against two established IDV lineages (D/OK and D/660) and one IDV‐related human ICV lineage (C/JHB). Results of this study showed 44 (44 of 364, 12%) samples positive for antibodies against D/OK, 39 (39 of 364, 11%) samples positive for antibodies against D/660, and 41 (41 of 364, 11%) samples positive for antibodies against C/JHB. A subset of these samples was further confirmed via microtitre neutralization (MN) assay. Our data demonstrated that horses are susceptible to two lineages of IDV, and that these viruses were present in equine populations throughout multiple Midwestern states of the United States. These findings continue to support the need for further surveillance of IDV viruses in agricultural species to work towards a better understanding of the full host range and natural reservoirs of influenza D virus.
Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil
Authors: Rech R. R. , Gava D. , Silva M. C. , Fernandes L. T. , Haach V. , Ciacci‐Zanella J. R. , Schaefer R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryFrom 2009 to 2015, 74 lungs from suckling (6.8%), nursing (70.3%), fattening (20.3%) pigs and pregnant sows (2.7%) with respiratory signs from pig farms in Southern Brazil were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for necropsy and/or histologic examination and screening for respiratory agents by RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), virus isolation (VI) and subtyping for influenza A virus (IAV), IHC and nested PCR for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), PCR for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), RT‐qPCR for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and bacterial culture. All lung samples were positive for IAV using RT‐qPCR. Seventy‐two lungs had histologic lesions associated with acute to subacute IAV infection characterized by necrotizing bronchiolitis/bronchitis or bronchointerstitial pneumonia with lymphocytic peribronchiolitis and bronchiolar/bronchial hyperplasia, respectively. Forty‐nine lungs (66.2%) were positive by IHC for IAV nucleoprotein. The H1N1/2009 was the most common subtype and the only IAV detected in 58.1% of lungs, followed by H1N2 (9.5%) and H3N2 (6.8%). Coinfection of IAV and Mhyo was seen in 23 (31%) cases. Although 14.9% of the lungs were positive for PCV2 using PCR, no suggestive lesions of PCV2 disease were observed. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was not detected, consistent with the PRRS‐free status of Brazil. Secondary bacterial infections (8/38) were associated with suppurative bronchopneumonia and/or pleuritis. Primary IAV infection with Mhyo coinfection was the most common agents found in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in pigs in Southern Brazil.
Three-Dimensional Vibration of the Crankshaft of a Large Marine Diesel Engine Under a Mixed Thermo-Elastic-Hydro-Dynamic Lubrication Coupling Between Flexible Crankshaft and Engine Block
Authors: Wei Lidui , Wei Haijun , Du Haiping , Duan Shulin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
To predict the vibration characteristics of the crankshaft of the larger marine diesel engine accurately and comprehensively, based on the finite element models of the crankshaft and the engine block reduced by a component mode synthesis (CMS) method as well as extended Reynolds equation and Greenwood-Tripp theory, a mixed thermo-elasto-hydro-dynamic lubrication coupling model between a whole flexible engine block and a rotating flexible crankshaft is set up. According to this strongly coupled nonlinear model, the torsional-axial-lateral three-dimensional (3D) vibration of the crankshaft can be calculated simultaneously. The method is verified through comparison with other computational methods. Also, the vibrations are compared under different support models and whether to consider the effect of temperature. Specific 3D vibrations are displayed, and some stage nonlinear characteristics are shown in 3D direction. The modeling method will contribute to reveal the vibration mechanism and optimize the design of the shafting system.
A Lumped Thermodynamic Model of Gas Turbine Blade Cooling: Prediction of First-Stage Blades Temperature and Cooling Flow Rates
Authors: Masci Roberta , Sciubba Enrico 
Published: November 2017

Turbine inlet temperatures (TIT) of 1500–2000 K have become a sort of standard for most modern advanced applications. First-stage blades are obviously the most exposed components to such hot gases, and thus they need proper cooling. In the preliminary design of the blades and their cooling system, designers must rely on simple models that can be further refined at a later stage, in order to have an approximate but valuable set of guidelines and to reach a feasible first-order configuration. In this paper, a simple lumped thermodynamic model of blade cooling is proposed. It is based on mass/energy balances and heat transfer correlations, and it predicts a one-dimensional temperature profile on the blade external surface along the chord for a given gas temperature profile, as well as the required cooling air flow rates to prevent blade material from creep. The greatest advantage of the model is that it can be easily adapted to any operating condition, process parameter, and blade geometry, which makes it well suited to the last technological trends, namely, the investigation of new cooling methods and alternative coolants instead of air. Therefore, the proposed model is expected to be a useful tool in the field of innovative gas turbine cycle analysis, replacing more computationally intensive and very time-consuming models.
No Difference in Young Adult Athletes’ Resting Energy Expenditure When Measured Under Inpatient or Outpatient Conditions
Authors: Bone Julia L. , Burke Louise M. 
Published: November 2017

Low energy availability can place athletes at increased risk of injury and illness and can be detected by a lower metabolic rate. The lowest metabolic rate is captured at the bedside, after an overnight fast and termed inpatient resting energy expenditure (REE). Measurements done in a laboratory with a shorter overnight fast are termed outpatient REE. Although important to know what the lowest energy expenditure, a bedside measure and/or 12-hr fast is not always practical or logistically possible particularly when you take into account an athlete’s training schedule. The aim of this investigation was to compare a bedside measure of resting metabolism with a laboratory measure in athletes following an 8-hr fast. Thirty-two athletes (24 females and eight males) underwent measures of resting metabolism using indirect calorimetry once at their bedside (inpatient) and once in a simulated laboratory setting (outpatient). Paired t test was used to compare the mean ± SD differences between the two protocols. Inpatient REE was 7,302 ± 1,272 kJ/day and outpatient REE was 7,216 ± 1,116 kJ/day (p = .448). Thirteen participants repeated the outpatient protocol and 17 repeated the inpatient protocol to assess the day-to-day variation. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and typical error. The inpatient-protocol variability was 96% with a typical error of 336.2 kJ/day. For the outpatient protocol, the intraclass correlation coefficient and typical error were 87% and 477.6 kJ/day, respectively. Results indicate no difference in REE when measured under inpatient and outpatient conditions; however, the inpatient protocol has greater reliability.
Coffee Ingestion Enhances 1-Mile Running Race Performance
Authors: Clarke Neil D. , Richardson Darren L. , Thie James , Taylor Richard 
Published: November 2017

Context: Caffeine, often in the form of coffee, is frequently used as a supplement by athletes in an attempt to facilitate improved performance during exercise. Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of coffee ingestion as an ergogenic aid prior to a 1-mile (1609 m) race. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, and placebo-controlled design, 13 trained male runners completed a 1-mile race 60 minutes following the ingestion of 0.09 g·kg−1 coffee (COF), 0.09 g·kg−1 decaffeinated coffee (DEC), or a placebo (PLA). All trials were dissolved in 300 mL of hot water. Results: The race completion time was 1.3% faster following the ingestion of COF (04:35.37 [00:10.51] min:s.ms) compared with DEC (04:39.14 [00:11.21] min:s.ms; P = .018; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.11 to −0.01; d = 0.32) and 1.9% faster compared with PLA (04:41.00 [00:09.57] min:s.ms; P = .006; 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.03; d = 0.51). A large trial and time interaction for salivary caffeine concentration was observed (P < .001; ), with a very large increase (6.40 [1.57] μg·mL−1; 95% CI, 5.5–7.3; d = 3.86) following the ingestion of COF. However, only a trivial difference between DEC and PLA was observed (P = .602; 95% CI, −0.09 to 0.03; d = 0.17). Furthermore, only trivial differences were observed for blood glucose (P = .839; ) and lactate (P = .096; ) and maximal heart rate (P = .286; ) between trials. Conclusions: The results of this study show that 60 minutes after ingesting 0.09 g·kg−1 of caffeinated coffee, 1-mile race performance was enhanced by 1.9% and 1.3% compared with placebo and decaffeinated coffee, respectively, in trained male runners.