bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a new domiciliary diagnosis device for automatic diagnosis of patients with clinical suspicion of OSA
Authors: Durán‐Cantolla Joaquín , Zamora Almeida Gabriela , Vegas Diaz de Guereñu Odei , Saracho Rotaeche Luis , Hamdan Alkhraisat Mohammad , Durán Carro Joaquín , Egea Santaolalla Carlos , Anitua Eduardo ,   on Behalf of the Spanish Sleep Network
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveObstructive sleep apnoea is a prevalent and considerably underdiagnosed disease. The development of cost‐effective, home‐based, automatic diagnostic devices to improve the diagnosis accessibility is therefore essential.MethodsIn this study, a new portable polygraph (BTI‐APNiA) was used to validate automatic scoring. This five‐channel device records respiratory flow, oxygen saturation, heart rate, body position and snoring. The validation was performed in two phases. In the first phase, manual and automatic scorings of a new respiratory polygraphy (RP) device (BTI‐APNiA) were compared. In the second phase, automatic analysis performed with BTI‐APNiA was compared with manual scoring of a validated RP device (Embletta Gold).ResultsPhase I was completed by 424 patients (50.5% males, 52.2 ± 12.4 years, BMI of 25.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 8.0 ± 4.0). Manual and automatic analysis resulted in an apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) of 13.7 ± 12.7 and 14.0 ± 12.5 (P > 0.05), respectively. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.99 (P < 0.001). During Phase II, 28 patients were evaluated (72.0% men, 49.1 ± 10.9 years, BMI of 27.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 7.5 ± 4.2). Manual analysis of Embletta Gold recordings indicated an AHI of 12.3 ± 14.0, while automatic analysis of the BTI‐APNiA was 13.4 ± 14.7 (P > 0.05). The ICC was 0.68 (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe automatic analysis of the BTI‐APNiA is as accurate as manual analysis of AHI. This automatic analysis compared well with the manual analysis of a validated RP device (Embletta Gold).
Geochemistry of Triassic Carbonates: Exploration Guide to Pb–Zn Mineralization in North Tunisia
Authors: Jemmali Nejib , Souissi Fouad , Carranza Emmanuel John M. , Henchiri Mohsen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Triassic carbonate rocks in Northern Tunisia (Nappes, Domes, Jurassic Mountains zones), consist of massive carbonates, clays and gypsum with authigenic minerals. These are associated with several Pb–Zn deposits and occurrences. At Jebel Ichkeul, Bechateur and Oum Edeboua, these Triassic carbonates exhibit enrichment in Pb (0.32 to 228 ppm), Zn (17 to 261 ppm), Cd (5 to 6 ppm) and Co (0.3 to 89.5 ppm), with respect to their average contents in crustal carbonates. The enrichment is more pronounced at Oum Edeboua (near the ore zone). Permeability is one of the most effective factors of dispersion of metallic trace elements, causing the development of geochemical halos. The genetic relationship of the Triassic carbonate rocks with the ore deposits was controlled by diapirism and tectonic movements, which favored mineralization along the Triassic‐cover contact as well as the remobilization of metals from the mineralized rocks. Analysis of metallic trace elements in Triassic rocks provides clues to the presence of possible mineral deposits. These could be effectively used for both geochemical interpretation and mineral exploration. Carbon and O‐isotope data (– 9.3‰ < δ13C < +3‰; +21.9 < δ18O < +31‰) suggest that the Triassic carbonates of all study areas have marine carbonates as their origin; some of them show significantly lower δ18O values indicating some exchange with hydrothermal fluids. Calcites associated with mineralization at Oum Edeboua have δ13C of –6.2‰ to –8.22‰ and δ18O of +24.88‰ to +25‰. The C‐isotope compositions of these calcites are 13C depleted, indicating an organic origin.
Exchange Rate Regimes and Welfare Losses from Foreign Crises: The Impact of the US Financial Crisis on Mexico
Authors: Kemme David M. , Koleyni Kayhan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe modify the Gali and Monacelli small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, calibrate to Mexican data and simulate the impact of the financial crisis on Mexico, under floating and counter factual fixed exchange rates. The floating exchange rate ameliorates welfare losses for Mexico. They are greater under fixed exchange rates because the return paths to equilibrium are more volatile (higher variance) and output, consumption and employment impulse response functions (IRFs) overshoot. Monetary policy, inflation targeting with floating exchange rates, clearly reduced the welfare costs vis‐à‐vis other counter factual policies including consumer price index‐based Taylor rule, domestic inflation Taylor rule and fixed exchange rates.
Localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in sixteen Boston terrier dogs
Authors: Lee Fiona F. , Bradley Charles W. , Cain Christine L. , White Stephen D. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , Murphy Lisa A. , Mauldin Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlthough zinc responsive dermatosis is typically a disorder of Arctic breed dogs, this study identifies similar cutaneous lesions on the face and pressure points of Boston terrier dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo document the clinical and histological features of localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis of Boston terrier dogs, to determine if the lesions respond to zinc supplementation and to determine whether tissue zinc levels were decreased in affected versus unaffected dogs.Material and methodsSixteen Boston terrier dogs with similar gross and histological findings were identified retrospectively from two institutions. Follow‐up information for nine dogs from one institution was obtained from referring veterinarians using a questionnaire. Tissue zinc levels were measured from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded skin biopsy samples of affected and unaffected dogs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsMild to severe parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with follicular involvement was present in all 16 cases. Of the nine dogs for which follow‐up information was available, five dogs received oral zinc supplementation and four dogs had documented clinical improvement or resolution of dermatological lesions. The median skin zinc levels were not significantly different between affected and unaffected dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first report of localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in Boston terrier dogs, some of which improved with oral zinc supplementation. Prospective studies in Boston terrier dogs are warranted to document potential zinc deficiency (serum and/or tissue levels, pre‐ and post‐treatment) and to objectively assess response to zinc supplementation and other therapies.
Comparison of two systemic antifungal agents, itraconazole and terbinafine, for the treatment of dermatophytosis in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)
Authors: Bexton Steve , Nelson Helen 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundDermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton erinacei is a common scaling and crusting skin disease affecting European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) admitted to wildlife rescue centres. The application of topical therapy can be challenging because wild hedgehogs are subject to stress and often roll into a ball when handled. Systemic antifungal therapy is more convenient but has not been evaluated in this species.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of oral itraconazole versus oral terbinafine for the treatment of dermatophytosis affecting hedgehogs.AnimalsA treatment trial was undertaken in a wildlife hospital involving 165 hedgehogs with naturally occurring dermatophytosis.MethodsAnimals were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either itraconazole or terbinafine orally for 28 days. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 14 and 28 days by mycological culture and clinical dermatological lesion scores.ResultsBoth drugs were well tolerated and clinically effective. After 14 and 28 days of treatment, the respective mycological cure rate was 36.6% and 65.9% for the itraconazole‐treated group and 92.8% and 98.8% for the terbinafine‐treated group.Conclusion and clinical importanceItraconazole and terbinafine were both effective for the treatment of dermatophytosis affecting hedgehogs; however, terbinafine was more effective.
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) Knowledge and Attitudes of Australian Cat Breeders and Their Husbandry Practices
Authors: Shapiro A. J. , Norris J. M. , Bosward K. L. , Heller J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryA Q fever outbreak in a small animal veterinary hospital, associated with a cat caesarean section, initiated a cat seroprevalence study (n = 712) that found circulating antibodies to Coxiella burnetii was highest in cattery‐confined breeding cats (9.3%). These findings stimulated interest about potential sources of C. burnetii infection for cats and humans associated with cats. Cat breeders are potentially a group at increased risk of C. burnetii infection, and this study sought to identify potential risk factors. A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted targeting all domestic cat breeders registered with an affiliate member body in Australia in 2015. Responses from 177 cat breeders across Australia were analysed. Forty per cent of responding cat breeders had not heard of Q fever. Raw meat was fed as an integral constituent of the diet by 89% of respondents. Eighty per cent of respondents allowed queens access to the home for parturition, and assistance of queens and resuscitation of kittens at the time of birth were reported by 97% of respondents. Respondents who perceived some level of exposure to Q fever through their breeding activities were three times less likely to perform mouth‐to‐snout resuscitation (OR 0.3 95% CI 0.1–0.9; P = 0.034) than those who did not perceive a risk of exposure. Similarly, respondents who perceived Q fever as a risk through breeding activities were close to eight times more likely to use personal protective equipment during parturition (OR 7.7 95% CI 1.5–39.9; P = 0.015) than those who did not. Husbandry practices of cat breeders that may increase the risk of C. burnetii transmission require further targeted investigations to assess the contribution of these risk factors to the acquisition of disease. Concurrent education forums are recommended to inform Australian cat breeders of the aetiopathogenesis of Q fever.
Binaural blood flow control by astrocytes: listening to synapses and the vasculature
Authors: Mishra Anusha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAstrocytes are the most common glial cells in the brain with fine processes and endfeet that intimately contact both neuronal synapses and the cerebral vasculature. They play an important role in mediating neurovascular coupling (NVC) via several astrocytic Ca2+‐dependent signalling pathways such as K+ release through BK channels, and the production and release of arachidonic acid metabolites. They are also involved in maintaining the resting tone of the cerebral vessels by releasing ATP and COX‐1 derivatives. Evidence also supports a role for astrocytes in maintaining blood pressure‐dependent change in cerebrovascular tone, and perhaps also in blood vessel‐to‐neuron signalling as posited by the ‘hemo‐neural hypothesis’. Thus, astrocytes are emerging as new stars in preserving the intricate balance between the high energy demand of active neurons and the supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood by maintaining both resting blood flow and activity‐evoked changes therein. Following neuropathology, astrocytes become reactive and many of their key signalling mechanisms are altered, including those involved in NVC. Furthermore, as they can respond to changes in vascular pressure, cardiovascular diseases might exert previously unknown effects on the central nervous system by altering astrocyte function. This review discusses the role of astrocytes in neurovascular signalling in both physiology and pathology, and the impact of these findings on understanding BOLD‐fMRI signals.
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Bedaquiline Targets the ε Subunit of Mycobacterial F-ATP Synthase
Authors: Kundu Subhashri , Biukovic Goran , Grüber Gerhard , Dick Thomas 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The tuberculosis drug bedaquiline inhibits mycobacterial F-ATP synthase by binding to its c subunit. Using the purified ε subunit of the synthase and spectroscopy, we previously demonstrated that the drug interacts with this protein near its unique tryptophan residue. Here, we show that replacement of ε's tryptophan with alanine resulted in bedaquiline hypersusceptibility of the bacteria. Overexpression of the wild-type ε subunit caused resistance. These results suggest that the drug also targets the ε subunit.
Critical Role for Interleukin-25 in Host Protective Th2 Memory Response against Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri
Authors: Pei Chenlin , Zhao Chao , Wang An-Jiang , Fan Anya X. , Grinchuk Viktoriya , Smith Allen , Sun Rex , Xie Yue , Lu Nonghua , Urban Joseph F. , Shea-Donohue Terez , Zhao Aiping , Yang Zhonghan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTInfection with parasitic nematodes, especially gastrointestinal geohelminths, affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and thus poses a major risk to global health. The host mechanism of defense against enteric nematode infection remains to be fully understood, but it involves a polarized type 2 immunity leading to alterations in intestinal function that facilitate worm expulsion. We investigated the role of interleukin-25 (IL-25) in host protection againstHeligmosomoides polygyrus bakeriinfection in mice. Our results showed thatIl25and its receptor subunit,Il17rb, were upregulated during a primary infection and a secondary challenge infection withH. polygyrus bakeri. Genetic deletion of IL-25 (IL-25−/−) led to an attenuated type 2 cytokine response and increased worm fecundity in mice with a primaryH. polygyrus bakeriinfection. In addition, the full spectrum of the host memory response against a secondary infection withH. polygyrus bakeriwas severely impaired in IL-25−/−mice, including delayed type 2 cytokine responses, an attenuated functional response of the intestinal smooth muscle and epithelium, diminished intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and impaired worm expulsion. Furthermore, exogenous administration of IL-25 restored the host protective memory response againstH. polygyrus bakeriinfection in IL-25−/−mice. These data demonstrate that IL-25 is critical for host protective immunity againstH. polygyrus bakeriinfection, highlighting its potential application as a therapeutic agent against parasitic nematode infection worldwide.
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Recognizes Orientia tsutsugamushi and Increases Susceptibility to Murine Experimental Scrub Typhus
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad , Hagedorn Monica , Lilla Stefanie , Hauptmann Matthias , Heine Holger , Fleischer Bernhard , Keller Christian 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTScrub typhus is a potentially lethal infection that is caused by the obligate intracellular bacteriumOrientia tsutsugamushi. The roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in innate recognition ofO. tsutsugamushihave not been elucidated. By overexpression of TLR2 or TLR4 in HEK293 cells, we demonstrated that TLR2, but not TLR4, recognizes heat-stable compounds ofO. tsutsugamushithat were sensitive to treatment with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and proteinase K. TLR2 was required for the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by dendritic cells. In an intradermal mouse infection model, TLR2-deficient mice did not show impaired control of bacterial growth or reduced survival. Moreover, after intraperitoneal infection, TLR2-deficient mice were even more resistant to lethal infection than C57BL/6 wild-type mice, which showed stronger symptoms and lower survival rates during the convalescent phase. Compared to the time of reduction of bacterial loads in TLR2-deficient mice, the reduction of bacterial loads in infected organs was accelerated in wild-type mice. The higher mortality of wild-type mice was associated with increased concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase but not aspartate aminotransferase. The transcription of mRNA for TNF-α and IL-6 decreased more rapidly in peritoneum samples from wild-type mice than in those from TLR2-deficient mice and was therefore not a correlate of increased susceptibility. Thus, although TLR2 is an important mediator of the early inflammatory response, it is dispensable for protective immunity againstO. tsutsugamushi. Increased susceptibility toO. tsutsugamushiinfection in TLR2-competent mice rather suggests a TLR2-related immunopathologic effect.
Temperature and salinity of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Petersen Sierra V. , Tabor Clay R. , Lohmann Kyger C. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Meyer Kyle W. , Carpenter Scott J. , Erickson J. Mark , Matsunaga Kelly K.S. , Smith Selena Y. , Sheldon Nathan D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Western Interior Seaway (WIS) was a shallow and expansive body of water that covered the central United States during the Late Cretaceous. Attempts to reconstruct temperatures in the seaway using the oxygen isotopic composition of biogenic carbonates have suffered from uncertainty in the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (δ18Ow) in the semi-restricted basin. We present new reconstructed temperature and δ18Ow data from marine and estuarine environments in the WIS and freshwater environments in WIS source rivers, derived from clumped isotope analyses of bivalve and gastropod shells. We find temperatures of 5–21 °C, δ18Ow values below contemporaneous Gulf of Mexico marine sites, and a strong correlation between δ18Ow and environmental setting. We propose that decreasing δ18Ow values reflect decreasing salinity driven by an increasing contribution of continental runoff. Using a two-end-member salinity-δ18Ow mixing model, we estimate salinities of 29–35 psu (practical salinity units) for the deep marine, 20–32 psu for the shallow marine, and 11–26 psu for the estuarine environments of the WIS. New climate model simulations agree with reconstructed temperatures and salinities and suggest the presence of salinity driven stratification within the seaway.
Sub–ice shelf ironstone deposition during the Neoproterozoic Sturtian glaciation
Authors: Lechte Maxwell , Wallace Malcolm 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Neoproterozoic Sturtian glaciation is considered to be among the most severe glaciations in Earth history, possibly encompassing the entire planet and lasting for more than 50 m.y. Iron formations are globally associated with Sturtian glacial successions, although the influence of glaciation on the genesis of these iron formations remains contentious. Here we examine the Sturtian iron formations of Namibia and Australia that feature finely laminated ironstones containing up to 55% total iron. These ironstones are repeatedly interbedded with massive diamictites, yet dropstones and other clastic input are nearly absent in the laminated ironstone facies. Intercalated diamictites are variably ferruginous and characterized by a strong glacial influence with evidence of glaciotectonism. The ferruginous facies are laterally discontinuous and commonly occupy paleobathymetric depressions. Rare earth element signatures from these iron formations are similar to those from modern seawater but lack cerium anomalies. The paradox of dropstone-free, laminated sediments intimately interlaminated with massive ice-proximal diamictites can be resolved by deposition under an ice shelf. Polynya activity and the mixing of cold, oxygenated glacial fluids with ferruginous seawater via an ice pump mechanism may explain the deposition of these iron formations and their restriction to Sturtian glacial successions globally.
Multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel-group, superiority study to compare the efficacy of octreotide therapy 40 mg monthly versus standard of care in patients with refractory anaemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding from small bowel angiodysplasias: a protocol of the OCEAN trial
Authors: Grooteman K V , van Geenen E J M , Drenth J P H 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionGastrointestinal angiodysplasias are an important cause of difficult-to-manage bleeding, especially in older patients. Endoscopic coagulation of angiodysplasias is the mainstay of treatment, but may be difficult for small bowel angiodysplasias because of the inability to reach them for endoscopic intervention. Some patients are red blood cell (RBC) transfusion dependent due to frequent rebleeding despite endoscopic treatment. In small cohort studies, octreotide appears to decrease the number of bleeding episodes in patients with RBC transfusion dependency due to gastrointestinal angiodysplasias. This trial will assess the efficacy of octreotide in decreasing the need for RBC transfusions and parenteral iron in patients with anaemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding of small bowel angiodysplasias despite endoscopic intervention.Study designRandomised controlled, superiority, open-label multicentre trial.Participants62 patients will be included with refractory anaemia due to small bowel angiodysplasias, who are RBC transfusion or iron infusion dependent despite endoscopic intervention and oral iron supplementation.InterventionPatients will be randomly assigned (1:1) to standard care or 40 mg long-acting octreotide once every 4 weeks for 52 weeks, in addition to standard care. The follow-up period is 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome is the difference in the number of blood and iron infusions between the year prior to inclusion and the treatment period of 1 year. Important secondary outcomes are the per cent change in the number of rebleeds from baseline to end point, adverse events and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThe trial received ethical approval from the Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects and from the local accredited Medical Research Ethics Committee of the region Arnhem-Nijmegen, the Netherlands (reference number: 2014-1433). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02384122; Pre-results.