bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐transplant shedding of BK virus in urine is unrelated to post‐transplant viruria and viremia in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Bicalho C. S. , Oliveira R. R. , Pierrotti L. C. , Fink M. C. D. S. , Urbano P. R. P. , Nali L. H. S. , Luna E. J. A. , Romano C. M. , David D. R. , David‐Neto E. , Pannuti C. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBK virus‐(BKV) associated nephropathy (BKVN) is a major cause of allograft injury in kidney transplant recipients. In such patients, subclinical reactivation of latent BKV infection can occur in the pre‐transplant period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether urinary BKV shedding in the immediate pre‐transplant period is associated with a higher incidence of viruria and viremia during the first year after kidney transplantation. We examined urine samples from 34 kidney transplant recipients, using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect BKV. Urine samples were obtained in the immediate pre‐transplant period and during the first year after transplant on a monthly basis. If BKV viruria was detected, blood samples were collected and screened for BKV viremia. In the immediate pre‐transplant period, we detected BKV viruria in 11 (32.3%) of the 34 recipients. During the first year after transplantation, we detected BKV viruria in all 34 patients and viremia in eight (23.5%). We found no correlation between pre‐transplant viruria and post‐transplant viruria or viremia (p = 0.2). Although reactivation of latent BKV infection in the pre‐transplant period is fairly common among kidney transplant recipients, it is not a risk factor for post‐transplant BKV viruria or viremia.
Nerve ultrasound in clinical management of carpal tunnel syndrome in mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Bäumer Tobias , Bühring Nina , Schelle Thomas , Münchau Alexander , Muschol Nicole 
Published: April 2016

AimMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of diseases with an almost 100% lifetime incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in MPSsubtypes I, II, and VI. We compared nerve ultrasound with clinical signs and electrophysiology in a clinical setting to screen for CTSin MPS.MethodTwenty‐four patients (13 male, 11 female, mean age of 7y 11mo [SD8y 5mo], range 6mo–29y) were screened for CTS. Eight of these patients were re‐examined post‐operatively. Clinical signs, distal motor latency, compound muscle action potential, sensory nerve action potential amplitude and velocity, as well as echogenicity and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at the wrist and forearm determined with ultrasound were assessed and the wrist to forearm ratio (WFR) calculated. Eighteen healthy participants formed a comparison group, who were also investigated with nerve ultrasound.ResultsIn 26% of the patients' hands, clinical signs of CTSwere present; 77% fulfilled electrophysiological and 92% nerve ultrasound criteria for CTS. Post‐operatively, electrophysiology improved significantly, whereas ultrasound results were unchanged. In the comparison group, age and height correlated with the CSA, but not with WFR.InterpretationNerve ultrasound is a useful and painless primary screening tool for CTSin MPS.
Medial gastrocnemius muscle volume in ambulant children with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy aged 2 to 9 years
Authors: Barber Lee A , Read Felicity , Lovatt Stern Jacquie , Lichtwark Glen , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: April 2016

AimCalf muscle growth in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) and bilateral cerebral palsy (BCP) is unknown. This cross‐sectional study examines the medial gastrocnemius growth rates of ambulatory children with UCP and BCP compared with children with typical development (CTD), aged 2 to 9 years.MethodFifty children with UCP (mean age 66mo [SD 18], 29 males, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I=32, II=18), 50 children with BCP (age 64mo [SD 19], 31 males, GMFCS I=21, II=29), and 78 CTD (age 64mo [SD 16], 40 males) participated in the study. The medial gastrocnemius muscle volume was measured at rest using a validated freehand three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound method.ResultsNormalized medial gastrocnemius muscle growth rate was significantly less in the children with UCP (0.001 mL/kg/mo) compared with the BCP (0.015 mL/kg/mo, p=0.001) and CTD (0.014 mL/kg/mo, p<0.001) groups. Normalized medial gastrocnemius muscle growth rate was the same in the BCP and CTD groups (p=0.77).InterpretationThe normalized growth rate of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in children aged 2 to 9 years with UCP is significantly lower compared with children with BCP and CTD. The growth rate differences in the children with UCP compared with BCP raises questions about the underlying mechanisms that lead to reduced growth in each cerebral palsy (CP) group and potential differences in muscle recovery response in UCP and BCP following treatment.
Random non‐fasting C–peptide: bringing robust assessment of endogenous insulin secretion to the clinic
Authors: Hope S. V. , Knight B. A. , Shields B. M. , Hattersley A. T. , McDonald T. J. , Jones A. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring endogenous insulin secretion using C–peptide can assist diabetes management, but standard stimulation tests are impractical for clinical use. Random non‐fasting C–peptide assessment would allow testing when a patient is seen in clinic.MethodsWe compared C–peptide at 90 min in the mixed meal tolerance test (sCP) with random non‐fasting blood C–peptide (rCP) and random non‐fasting urine C–peptide creatinine ratio (rUCPCR) in 41 participants with insulin‐treated diabetes [median age 72 (interquartile range 68–78); diabetes duration 21 (14–31) years]. We assessed sensitivity and specificity for previously reported optimal mixed meal test thresholds for severe insulin deficiency (sCP < 200 pmol//l) and Type 1 diabetes/inability to withdraw insulin (< 600 pmol//l), and assessed the impact of concurrent glucose.ResultsrCP and sCP levels were similar (median 546 and 487 pmol//l, P = 0.92). rCP was highly correlated with sCP, r = 0.91, P < 0.0001, improving to r = 0.96 when excluding samples with concurrent glucose < 8 mmol//l. An rCP cut‐off of 200 pmol//l gave 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity for detecting severe insulin deficiency, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99. rCP < 600 pmol//l gave 87% sensitivity and 83% specificity to detect sCP < 600 pmol//l. Specificity improved to 100% when excluding samples with concurrent glucose < 8 mmol//l. rUCPCR (0.52 nmol/mmol) was also well‐correlated with sCP, r = 0.82, P < 0.0001. A rUCPCR cut‐off of < 0.2 nmol/ mmol gave sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 93% to detect severe insulin deficiency, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98.ConclusionsRandom non‐fasting C–peptide measures are strongly correlated with mixed meal C–peptide, and have high sensitivity and specificity for identifying clinically relevant thresholds. These tests allow assessment of C–peptide at the point patients are seen for clinical care.
Holistic Representation: A Randomized Pilot Study of Wraparound Services for First‐Time Juvenile Offenders to Improve Functioning, Decrease Motions for Review, and Lower Recidivism
Authors: McCarter Susan Ainsley 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMental health diagnoses, substance abuse issues, and school problems are often cited as contributors to adolescents’ involvement with the juvenile justice system. Yet, few youth receive assessment, evaluation, or intervention prior to their involvement with the juvenile courts. This pilot study evaluated whether providing a randomized trial of wraparound forensic social work services in addition to court‐appointed legal services would improve functioning, decrease motions for review, and lower recidivism for first‐time juvenile offenders. Findings indicate statistically significant improvement for youth receiving wraparound services on six out of eight measures. A case study example is provided and implications for service provision are explored.
Loss of SMARCA4 (BRG1) protein expression as determined by immunohistochemistry in small‐cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type distinguishes these tumours from their mimics
Authors: Clarke Blaise A , Witkowski Leora , Ton Nu Tuyet N , Shaw Patricia A , Gilks C Blake , Huntsman David , Karnezis Anthony N , Sebire Neil , Lamovec Janez , Roth Lawrence M , Stewart Colin J R , Hasselblatt Martin , Foulkes William D , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: April 2016

AimsMolecular investigation of small‐cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT) has revealed that it is a monogenetic tumour characterized by alteration of SMARCA4 (BRG1), encoding a member of the switch/sucrose non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex. A large majority of cases show loss of expression of the corresponding SMARCA4/BRG1 protein. Furthermore, three cases of SCCOHT with retained SMARCA4 protein expression showed loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of loss of SMARCA4 expression as a diagnostic test for SCCOHT.Methods and resultsWe performed SMARCA4 and SMARCB1 staining in 245 tumours, many of which were potentially in the differential diagnosis of SCCOHT. We also stained 56 cases of SCCOHT for SMARCA4 and 37 of these for SMARCB1. Fifty‐four of the SCCOHT cases showed complete absence of SMARCA4 expression. The two cases with retained expression showed molecular alteration of SMARCA4. Of the 217 other neoplasms with interpretable staining, all retained SMARCA4 expression. Although the majority showed diffuse, strong nuclear expression, a heterogeneous, typically weak staining pattern was present in 13% of cases. All 37 cases of SCCOHT tested and all other neoplasms, apart from three malignant rhabdoid tumours, showed retained nuclear SMARCB1 expression. Loss of SMARCA4 expression had a sensitivity of 96.55% and specificity of 100%.ConclusionsLoss of SMARCA4 expression is sensitive and specific for SCCOHT. Although some mimics show heterogeneous expression, there is retention of nuclear staining in at least a part of the tumour; therefore, only complete loss of staining should be regarded as being supportive of SCCOHT.
Nail alterations during pregnancy: a clinical study
Authors: Erpolat Seval , Eser Ayla , Kaygusuz Ikbal , Balci Hatice , Kosus Aydin , Kosus Nermin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDuring pregnancy, cutaneous and appendageal alterations manifest and may cause concern in the subject. The nails may be affected by pregnancy. This study investigated the frequency and nature of nail changes occurring during pregnancy in 312 healthy, 18–40‐year‐old pregnant women in gestation weeks 16–40. After a routine obstetric examination at the obstetrics and gynecology clinic at the study institution, all subjects submitted to an examination of all fingernails and toenails. Only nail alterations that had developed during pregnancy were recorded. Any nail changes that had occurred before the start of gestation were not considered. Data were presented as percentages. The Shapiro–Wilk and chi‐squared tests were used to make categorical comparisons. A P‐value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. No nail pathologies were detected in 116 (37.2%) of the 312 subjects. The most commonly found nail change was leukonychia (24.4%). Ingrown toenail (9.0%) and onychoschizia (9.0%) represented the second most common nail changes. Rapid nail growth and subungual hyperkeratosis were observed in 6.7% and 4.2%, respectively, of subjects. When the alterations were evaluated according to gestational age, the most common nail pathology was leukonychia at both 14–28 weeks (16.3%) and 29–42 weeks (27.4%) of pregnancy. Leukonychia, onychoschizia, onycholysis, and brittle nail pathologies were frequently observed at 29–42 weeks of pregnancy (P = 0.047). A large proportion of nail changes that occur during pregnancy are benign and do not require treatment. However, these changes may cause significant cosmetic stress in women.
Maximal independent sets in grid graphs
Authors: Ortiz Carmen , Villanueva Mónica 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA grid graph is the Cartesian product of two path graphs. Enumerating all maximal independent sets in a graph is a well‐known combinatorial problem. For a general graph, it is . In this work, we provide a polynomial‐time algorithm to generate the whole family of maximal independent sets (mis) of complete grid graphs with two rows. The same algorithm is used in two particular cases: chordless paths and cycles. We apply this result to characterize the independent graph (intersection graph of maximal independent sets) of these three classes of graphs. We also present an alternative proof of Euler's result for grid graphs with three rows that can be used for enumerating the family of mis.
Electrical Remodeling of the Atrioventricular Node Caused by Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Humans
Authors: SAIRAKU AKINORI , NAKANO YUKIKO , SUENARI KAZUYOSHI , TOKUYAMA TAKEHITO , KAWAZOE HIROSHI , MATSUMURA HIROYA , TOMOMORI SHUNSUKE , AMIOKA MICHITAKA , KIHARA YASUKI 
Published: April 2016

AV Nodal Remodeling Induced by AFBackgroundAn animal experiment showed that long‐term atrial pacing or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) caused electrical remodeling of the atrioventricular (AV) node. We aimed to test the hypothesis that persistent AF decreases the AV conductivity in human hearts.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively compared the cardiac electrophysiological properties between patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent catheter ablation (PXAF, N = 254) and those with persistent or longstanding persistent AF (PSAF, N = 213). The PSAF patients were more likely than PXAF patients to have longer atrial‐His (AH) (96.3 ± 25.7 vs. 91.3 ± 20.4 milliseconds; P = 0.02) and His‐ventricle (HV) (43.1 ± 9.4 vs. 41.2 ± 8.6 milliseconds; P = 0.02) intervals. The AV nodal effective refractory period (ERP) (299.1 ± 74.6 vs. 276.2 ± 58.9 milliseconds; P < 0.001) and Wenckebach cycle length (420.9 ± 80.3 vs. 386 ± 58.6 milliseconds; P < 0.001) were also more prolonged in the PSAF patients. We found a dual AV nodal physiology with a similar frequency in both groups. The AH interval, fast pathway ERP, and Wenckebach cycle length in the PSAF patients were more likely than in the PXAF patients to be prolonged among the patients without dual pathways, while those intergroup differences were never seen among the patients with dual pathways. In subgroup analyses including only PSAF patients, there was no difference in the AV conductivity between the patients with persistent AF and those with longstanding persistent AF.ConclusionsPersistent AF may cause a mild decrease in the AV nodal function in human hearts. Electrical remodeling may be uncommon if dual AV nodal pathways are present, and its extent may not depend on the duration of persistent AF.
Clinician Effectiveness in Assessing Fitness to Drive of Medically At‐Risk Older Adults
Authors: Meuser Thomas M. , Berg‐Weger Marla , Carr David B. , Shi Shaoxuan , Stewart Daniel 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo model the relative contributions of driver data and clinical judgments to clinical ratings of driver capability for a state licensing authority and to compare ratings with on‐road test results.DesignRetrospective, logistic regression.SettingMissouri Driver License Bureau.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 and older (N = 652; 52% male) evaluated by a physician of their choosing and a portion subsequently road tested (n = 286).MeasurementsClinical data from an evidence‐based physician statement (Form 1528). A three‐level rating (likely capable, unclear, not capable) was collapsed into two outcomes (0 likely capable; 1 unclear, not capable) as the dependent variable. Independent variables (predictors) were age, sex, driving exposure, recent crash or police action, number of medical conditions, medication side effects, driver insight, and disease functional severity rating for driving.ResultsThree variables in the model (Nagelkerke coefficient of determination = 0.64; P < .001) were significant in the expected direction: disease functional severity for driving (odds ratio (OR = 6.65), insight (OR = 2.35), and age (OR = 1.06). Proportionately more drivers rated likely capable (73%) passed the road test than those rated unclear or not capable (62%).ConclusionJudgments of disease severity, decrements in driver insight, and older age influenced clinician ratings of driving capability. Correspondence of physician ratings to on‐road test outcomes was imperfect, highlighting the complexities in translation of clinical judgments to on‐road performance. Both means of assessment have important and additive roles in driver licensing.
Psychosocial factors in pregnancy and birthweight: Path analysis
Authors: Dolatian Mahrokh , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Alavi‐Majd Hamid , Moafi Farnoosh , Ghorbani Maryam , Mirabzadeh Arash 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimBirthweight is known to be affected by several factors. In the present study a relationship model of psychological and economic determinants of birthweight was designed and tested.MethodsThis prospective study involved 400 pregnant women in four districts of Tehran, Iran. The subjects were selected through a multistage sampling method. Seven questionnaires (socioeconomic status; Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale; Perceived Stress Scale; 21‐item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale [DASS‐21]; perceived social support; pregnancy‐related anxiety scale; and domestic violence questionnaire) were used to assess participant psychosocial and economic conditions. In order to collect post‐partum information about the mother and the infant, the women were followed up until delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS‐16 and Lisrel‐8.8.ResultsBased on the obtained path diagram, the greatest adverse effects on birthweight were exerted directly by DASS‐21 score (B = −0.14) and indirectly by stressful life events (B = −0.037). Among variables that affected birthweight in both paths, socioeconomic status and perceived stress had the strongest overall effects on birthweight (B = 0.203 and −0.1024, respectively).ConclusionAccording to the path analysis model, psychosocial and economic factors can directly/indirectly affect birthweight.
Analgesic efficacy of wound infiltration with tramadol after cesarean delivery under general anesthesia: Randomized trial
Authors: Haliloglu Murat , Bilgen Sevgi , Menda Ferdi , Ozcan Pinar , Ozbay Latif , Tatar Sevgi , Unal Durisehvar Ozar , Koner Ozge 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo examine whether tramadol wound infiltration decreased postoperative pain following cesarean section (CS) under general anesthesia or reduced the need for analgesics in the immediate postoperative period.MethodsIn this double‐blind, randomized trial, 60 women who underwent elective CS under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of two groups: placebo group (group P; n = 30) or tramadol group (group T; n = 30). Group P received 20 mL local wound infiltration with 0.9% saline solution, and group T received 20 mL local wound infiltration with tramadol 2 mg/mL within a 0.9% saline solution. The primary outcome, cumulative morphine consumption, and secondary outcomes including diclofenac requirement and postoperative pain were recorded.ResultsNumerical rating scale score was lower in group T than in group P at 15 min postoperatively (P < 0.001). Patients in group T required significantly less morphine at all time intervals than those in group P (P < 0.001). There was no difference between groups in need for rescue analgesic dose (P ˃ 0.05).ConclusionWound infiltration with tramadol may be a useful technique in patients undergoing CS under general anesthesia to reduce postoperative pain and improve recovery.
Associations of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrates genetic polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Xiaohan , Xie Xiaochuan , Jia Yingxian , Li Shangwei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimRecently, the roles of insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been extensively studied, with conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted the present systematic review and meta‐analysis to better evaluate associations of INSR and IRS polymorphisms with PCOS.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for eligible articles up to December 2015. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate associations of INSR and IRS polymorphisms with PCOS.ResultsA total of 28 articles including 2975 PCOS patients and 3011 control subjects were analyzed. The overall analyses and subgroup analyses revealed that IRS‐1 Gly972Arg polymorphism was significantly associated with PCOS for the Caucasian population in GG versus GA (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.37–0.89), GG versus GA + AA (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.36–0.89), GA versus GG + AA (OR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.13–2.69) and G versus A (OR = 0.63 95%CI 0.43–0.92). Also, IRS‐2 Gly1057Asp polymorphism was significantly associated with PCOS for the Asian ethnicity in GG versus GA (OR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.24–0.83), GG versus AA (OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.19–0.53), GG versus GA + AA (OR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.21–0.57), AA versus GG + GA (OR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.43–3.20), and G versus A (OR = 0.43, 95%CI 0.32–0.58). However, we detected no significant association between INSR His 1058 C/T polymorphism and PCOS.ConclusionOur findings suggest that IRS‐1 Gly972Arg polymorphism is associated with PCOS in the Caucasian ethnicity, and IRS‐2 Gly1057Asp polymorphism is correlated with PCOS in the Asian ethnicity. However, INSR His 1058 C/T polymorphism may not be implicated in PCOS. © 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Trajectories of Development of Receptive Vocabulary in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Authors: Cuskelly Monica , Povey Jenny , Jobling Anne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReceptive vocabulary is an important aspect of cognitive functioning. It appears to be a relative strength with respect to language for individuals with Down syndrome (DS) but little is known about its development as individuals mature. This study was designed to establish the developmental trajectory of receptive language development in individuals with DS from early childhood to midadulthood. Two hundred and six individuals with DS provided Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) scores on 957 occasions, spanning ages from 2 years 7 months to 29 years 7 months. Latent growth curve models were used to establish the trajectory of receptive vocabulary. Gender, maternal education, cohort, and nonverbal intellectual ability were used as predictors of rate of development. Receptive vocabulary was found to increase until around 20 years of age when performance on the PPVT began to deteriorate. The only variable measured that was associated with PPVT performance was nonverbal ability. The rate of increase in receptive vocabulary in individuals with DS across the childhood and adolescent period appears to be slower than for those who are developing typically, and the expected influence of maternal education was not found. The small number of participants contributing data in the older ages included in this study means that the apparent decline in receptive vocabulary scores needs to be interpreted cautiously.