bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hybridization on the Creep and Stress Relaxation Characteristics of Pultruded Composites
Authors: Barpanda Dev , Mantena P. Raju 
Published: July 2017

Pultrusion manufacturing process is a well established technique for the cost-effective production of high-modulus and lightweight composite materials having constant cross-sectional profiles. The pultruded composites are widely used as structural members viz., beams, trusses and stiffeners, owing to the presence of high proportion of axial fibers necessary to sustain large tractive forces. These structural members are subjected to a combination of static and dynamic loading conditions at wide temperature ranges and over longer periods. Since polymeric composites exhibit viscoelastic behavior, the effectiveness of these materials as structural members must be thoroughly evaluated to ensure long-term stability. In previous research, the dynamic performance characteristics of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy hybrids were evaluated at room temperature. The effects of temperature, frequency, post-curing, along with the type and placement of fibers on the dynamic flexural properties of glass/epoxy and hybrid glass-graphite/epoxy were also investigated. This paper focuses on the evaluation of creep and stress relaxation performance characteristics of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis technique was adopted for the accelerated creep and stress relaxation testing. Time-temperature superposition principle, which greatly reduced the experimental time, was effectively utilized for predicting the creep and stress relaxation properties of the hybrid composites. Results indicate that the type and amount of fibers as well as their lay-up sequence plays a significant role in determining the flow and load bearing characteristics.
A Preliminary Study of Negative Poisson's Ratio of Laminated Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zhang Ruguang , Yeh Hsien-Liang , Yeh Hsien-Yang 
Published: July 2017

Composite materials can be regarded as structures, so there is a great opportunity to design a wide range of properties for such kind of material to meet the various application requirements, even a very particular one. A negative Poisson's ratio is an example. The mechanism of negative Poisson's ratio and the basic conditions for obtaining such a property were analyzed briefly, the formulas of optimal angle for designing minus Poisson's ratio were deduced, and the experimental results were given. The designed composite did show negative, but small Poisson's ratio.
Global Energy and The Greenhouse Issue
Authors: Scott Michael , Edmonds James , Kellogg Mark , Schultz Robert 
Published: July 2017

Global energy production and use results in the release of CO2 and other gases to the atmosphere which affect the atmosphere's radiative character. The accumulation of CO2 and other radiatively important gases (RIGs) is thought to result in higher mean global surface temperatures and other climatic changes, whose character would vary regionally around the globe. Of critical importance to determining the timing and magnitude of global climate change is an understanding of long-term global energy systems. Major changes have occurred since the last Congress of the World Energy Conference reviewed the relationship between energy and the global greenhouse. At the time of the last review, the relationship between energy and the greenhouse focused exclusively on CO2 emissions. The focus has widened to embrace other trace gases including, methane (CH4 nitrous oxide (N2O), trichloro-fluoromethane (CFCl3 or CFC-11) and dichloro-difluoromethane (CF2Cl2 or CFC-12) as radiativly active gases and carbon monoxide (CO) and other oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as radiatively important, but not radiatively active species. The major consequence of this inclusion has been to advance the time when a greenhouse effect could be anticipated. Additional changes in the field include an increasing recognition of the interrelationship of land-use patterns and energy (especially the link between land-use patterns and the harvesting and burning of traditional biomass fuels) and the extension of models to produce time-dependent scenarios of the effects of energy production, transformation and end-use on climate. The shift in research has opened up a new era of uncertainty. The links between human activities, energy and CO2 were relatively simple by comparison to the relationships between energy and other radiatively important gases (RIGs). Whereas the relationship between human activities, energy and CO2 has matured to the point where it can be characterized by uncertainty analysis, the analysis of energy and non-CO2 RIGs is in its infancy. Interest in options to alter the rate of growth of greenhouse gas emissions has intensified, particularly since the 1988 Toronto Climate Conference. Substantial work is underway to build on earlier efforts in this field. This paper will document the current understanding of the relationship between human activities, energy, CO2 and other RIGs, survey the global greenhouse forecast literature, and give some assessment of forecast uncertainty.
Practical Wind Resource Assessment for Tayside Region in Scotland
Authors: Saluja G.S. , Douglas N.G. 
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the results of a study which estimates the practical wind energy resource for the Tayside Region of Scotland. The study considered all technical, environmental and legislative factors relevant to wind energy development. Due consideration was also given to National Planning Policy Guideline (NPPG6): Renewable Energy and Planning Advice Note 45 (PAN45): Renewable Energy Technology, issued by the Scottish Office Environment Department, in addition to the policies of the planning authorities within Tayside with regards to such matters as development in National Scenic Areas and other designated areas. An area of 1290 km2 was identified as being the minimum practical resource which is free from environmental and technical constraints and which has sufficiently high wind speeds to make extraction of energy from the wind commercially viable. This area could accommodate an installed wind energy capacity of 9675 MW and produce 24.6 TWh of wind generated electricity per annum.
The Thorp Project - An Overview
Authors: Beaty S.E. 
Published: July 2017

BNFL is an international company offering a nuclear fuel service. BNFL owns and operates facilities for the storage and reprocessing of irradiated fuel, and treatment of wastes arising, at the Sellafield site in West Cumbria. In 1974, BNFL announced its intention to undertake the Company's largest ever project, the provision of a new, integrated, reprocessing facility known as THORP (Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant). The purpose of THORP is to recover uranium and plutonium from spent oxide fuel that has been irradiated in nuclear reactors used for the generation of electricity. The plant has been designed to high standards to avoid jeopardising the safety of any person on or off site as a result of its operation. This paper provides an overview of the project outlining some of the major aspects, encompassing the history of the project, environmental impact, safeguards/accountancy, commercial information, the use of the products in mixed oxide fuel and the development of the THORP workforce. It concludes that the large investment made in plant, equipment and people, will ensure that the radiological impact of THORP's operations on the environment is insignificant, and that as the radioactive commissioning of THORP is proceeding successfully, that there is increasing confidence within, and external to, BNFL that THORP will be a commercial and environmental success for Britain.
Trends in Natural Food Sales and Consumer Food Choices
Authors: Marquardt Raymond , Burkink Tim 
Published: July 2017

The expansion of thinking from treating disease to increased concern with disease prevention and health maintenance is reflected in the growing market for natural foods and dietary supplements. These new products make the already complex task of food shopping even more confusing. Inexperienced consumers will require help to evaluate these new choices, creating challenges for health care providers and the food industry. This article helps readers make sense of these new products by providing a general overview of the natural foods category. Discussed are the complexities consumers face when shopping for food and related products, definitions relevant to natural foods, trends in natural foods consumption, and future trends in this area, including the impact of genetically modified foods. The natural foods industry has been one of the shining stars of food manufacturing and retailing over the past decade as an ever-growing segment of the U.S. population seeks out organic and natural foods and nutraceuticals. The consumer motivations fueling this industry are varied and range from securing the practical benefits of a healthy diet to the psychological benefits of leading a particular lifestyle. To support the diffusion throughout the U.S. population of this more holistic approach to health, the industry and health care professionals must help consumers make sense of the confusing array of product offerings. The newest consumers entering these markets will be less involved and committed than the pioneering consumers were, and they will have different motivations. These late adopters will look to the industry, regulators, and their health care providers to make sense of these often complex and contradictory product offerings. Consider, for example, a consumer trying to understand the differences between a natural food and a genetically modified nutraceutical, both promoting health benefits. As discussed earlier, the food shopping process is already very noisy, and the winners in natural foods will be the ones that help consumers solve their food purchasing problems. This problem will be complicated as mass retailers offer more organic and natural foods and nutraceuticals, along with their conventional products, confronting a broader cross-section of consumers further. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing the stakeholders in this arena is the evolution of genetically modified foods. By definition, these foods are certainly not organic and probably not natural, yet may offer health benefits. To date, the introduction of genetically modified foods has been difficult because consumers have not been properly educated about these new technologies. The industry must pay more attention to conducting reliable studies of these products and then communicating the results.
Spinning the spinners
Authors: Smith Clare 
Published: July 2017

This paper, adapted from a presentation at the 2001 ICNA Conference in Blackpool, is an examination of how health professionals can manage the media and apply the appropriate ‘spin’ when a crisis arises. The biggest lesson that can be offered about spin doctoring is that the art of spin doctoring is so much tosh. The public has become very sophisticated about the media and the message, and is very television-literate. People understand mass communication techniques with an instinct that cuts right through the waffle. They see through spin doctors. If you really want to change your image, tell your story, get your version across, then tell the truth, and tell it with passion. That works every time.
Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XIX. Crystal chemistry of chovanite from two new occurrences in the Apuan Alps and its 8 Å crystal structure
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Moëlo Yves 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo new occurrences of the lead oxy-sulfosalt chovanite have been identified at the Monte Arsiccio and Pollone mines, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. Chovanite from Monte Arsiccio occurs as black acicular crystals, up to 5 mm long, associated with rouxelite, robinsonite, sphalerite, valentinite,baryte, dolomite, quartz and Ba-rich K-feldspar ('hyalophane') in metadolostone vugs. Its unit-cell parameters area= 48.38(5),b= 4.11(4),c= 34.18(4) Å, β = 106.26(2)°,V= 6521(64) Å3, space groupC2/m. Very weakreflections indicate the doubling of thebparameter. Electron-microprobe data gave (wt.%): Ag 0.28, Tl 1.51, Pb 45.57, Sb 31.00, As 1.09, S 19.73, Se 0.05, Cl 0.02, sum 99.25. On the basis of ∑Me= 58 apfu, its formula is Ag0.30Tl0.86Pb25.56Sb29.59As1.69S71.52Se0.07Cl0.05.Adding one oxygen atom, it is close to the formula TlPb26(Sb,As)31S72O. Chovanite from Pollone occurs as thick black acicular crystals, up to 1 cm long, associated with baryte and quartz. The high-diffraction quality of the available material allowed the solutionand refinement of the 8 Å crystal structure in the space groupP21/c, with unit-cell parametersa= 34.052(3),b= 8.2027(7),c= 48.078(4) Å, β = 106.258(4)°,V= 12891.9(19) Å3. The refinement convergedtoR1= 9.14% on the basis of 19,853 observed reflections withFo> 4σ(Fo). Electron-microprobe data gave (wt.%): Ag 0.12, Tl 0.54, Pb 48.34, Bi 0.20, Sb 26.71, As 3.37, S 20.23, Cl 0.07, sum 99.57. It corresponds to the formulaAg0.13Tl0.30Pb26.94Bi0.10Sb25.33As5.20S72.85Cl0.20, close to the idealized formula Pb28(Sb,As)30S72O, with a single oxygen atom bound to two (Sb/As) atoms alternating witha vacancy along b as in scainiite and in other Pb oxy-sulfosalts. The crystal chemistry of this 8 Å crystal structure is detailed, taking into account its modular description, the (Sb,As)mSnpolymerization, its topological derivation from pellouxite,and the oxygen non-stoichiometry.
Increasing use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients aged 70 years and older in the United States
Authors: Muffly Lori , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Martens Michael , Brazauskas Ruta , Zhu Xiaochun , Adekola Kehinde , Aljurf Mahmoud , Ballen Karen K. , Bajel Ashish , Baron Frederic , Battiwalla Minoo , Beitinjaneh Amer , Cahn Jean-Yves , Carabasi Mathew , Chen Yi-Bin , Chhabra Saurabh , Ciurea Stefan , Copelan Edward , D’Souza Anita , Edwards John , Foran James , Freytes Cesar O. , Fung Henry C. , Gale Robert Peter , Giralt Sergio , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Ho Vincent , Jakubowski Ann , Lazarus Hillard , Luskin Marlise R. , Martino Rodrigo , Maziarz Richard , McCarthy Philip , Nishihori Taiga , Olin Rebecca , Olsson Richard F. , Pawarode Attaphol , Peres Edward , Rezvani Andrew R. , Rizzieri David , Savani Bipin N. , Schouten Harry C. , Sabloff Mitchell , Seftel Matthew , Seo Sachiko , Sorror Mohamed L. , Szer Jeff , Wirk Baldeep M. , Wood William A. , Artz Andrew 
Published: July 2017

Key Points
Over the last decade, allogeneic HCT has been increasingly administered in the United States to adults aged 70 and older with hematologic malignancies. Allogeneic transplant outcomes were reasonable; high comorbidity and ablative conditioning regimens were associated with inferior outcomes.
Effect of a 6-month pedometer-based walking intervention on functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and with preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction: study protocol for two multicenter randomized controlled trials
Authors: Vetrovsky Tomas , Siranec Michal , Parenica Jiri , Griva Martin , Stastny Jiri , Precek Jan , Pelouch Radek , Bunc Vaclav , Linhart Ales , Belohlavek Jan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundRegular physical activity is recommended for patients with chronic heart failure to improve their functional capacity, and walking is a popular, effective, and safe form of physical activity. Pedometers have shown potential to increase the amount of walking across a range of chronic diseases, but it is unknown whether a pedometer-based intervention improves functional capacity and neurohumoral modulation in heart failure patients.MethodsTwo multicenter randomized controlled trials will be conducted in parallel: one in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the other in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Each trial will consist of a 6-month intervention with an assessment at baseline, at 3 months, at the end of the intervention, and 6 months after completing the intervention. Each trial will aim to include a total of 200 physically inactive participants with chronic heart failure who will be randomly assigned to intervention or control arms. The 6-month intervention will consist of an individualized pedometer-based walking program with weekly step goals, behavioral face-to-face sessions with a physician, and regular telephone calls with a research nurse. The intervention will be based on effective behavioral principles (goal setting, self-monitoring, personalized feedback). The primary outcome is the change in 6-min walk distance at the end of the 6-month intervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in serum biomarkers levels, pulmonary congestion assessed by ultrasound, average daily step count measured by accelerometry, anthropometric measures, symptoms of depression, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, and MAGGIC risk score.DiscussionTo our knowledge, these are the first studies to evaluate a pedometer-based walking intervention in patients with chronic heart failure with either reduced or preserved ejection fraction. The studies will contribute to a better understanding of physical activity promotion in heart failure patients to inform future physical activity recommendations and heart failure guidelines.Trial registrationThe trials are registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers: NCT03041610, registered 29 January 2017 (HFrEF), NCT03041376, registered 1 February 2017 (HFpEF)
Overall Survival in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Who Received Nivolumab Versus Investigator’s Choice Chemotherapy in CheckMate 037: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Phase III Trial
Authors: Larkin James , Minor David , D'Angelo Sandra , Neyns Bart , Smylie Michael , Miller Wilson H. , Gutzmer Ralf , Linette Gerald , Chmielowski Bartosz , Lao Christopher D. , Lorigan Paul , Grossmann Kenneth , Hassel Jessica C. , Sznol Mario , Daud Adil , Sosman Jeffrey , Khushalani Nikhil , Schadendorf Dirk , Hoeller Christoph , Walker Dana , Kong George , Horak Christine , Weber Jeffrey 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Until recently, limited options existed for patients with advanced melanoma who experienced disease progression while receiving treatment with ipilimumab. Here, we report the coprimary overall survival (OS) end point of CheckMate 037, which has previously shown that nivolumab resulted in more patients achieving an objective response compared with chemotherapy regimens in ipilimumab-refractory patients with advanced melanoma. Patients and Methods Patients were stratified by programmed death-ligand 1 expression, BRAF status, and best prior cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 therapy response, then randomly assigned 2:1 to nivolumab 3 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks or investigator’s choice chemotherapy (ICC; dacarbazine 1,000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks or carboplatin area under the curve 6 plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). Patients were treated until they experienced progression or unacceptable toxicity, with follow-up of approximately 2 years. Results Two hundred seventy-two patients were randomly assigned to nivolumab (99% treated) and 133 to ICC (77% treated). More nivolumab-treated patients had brain metastases (20% v 14%) and increased lactate dehydrogenase levels (52% v 38%) at baseline; 41% of patients treated with ICC versus 11% of patients treated with nivolumab received anti–programmed death 1 agents after randomly assigned therapy. Median OS was 16 months for nivolumab versus 14 months for ICC (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95.54% CI, 0.73 to 1.24); median progression-free survival was 3.1 months versus 3.7 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95.1% CI, 0.78 to 1.436). Overall response rate (27% v 10%) and median duration of response (32 months v 13 months) were notably higher for nivolumab versus ICC. Fewer grade 3 and 4 treatment-related adverse events were observed in patients on nivolumab (14% v 34%). Conclusion Nivolumab demonstrated higher, more durable responses but no difference in survival compared with ICC. OS should be interpreted with caution as it was likely impacted by an increased dropout rate before treatment, which led to crossover therapy in the ICC group, and by an increased proportion of patients in the nivolumab group with poor prognostic factors.
An improved method for measuring hip abduction in spica after surgical reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: DeFrancesco C. J. , Blumberg T. J. , Chauvin N. A. , Sankar W. N. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Excessive in-spica abduction is a risk factor for oste-onecrosis after surgical reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The traditional method for radiographically measuring hip abduction using axial imaging does not reflect the true angle, which usually lies in an oblique plane. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel method for measuring true hip position using advanced imaging. Methods A trigonometric model was derived to define hip position based upon the femoral axis angular deviation from midline as measured on axial and coronal sequences of MRI studies. In-spica MRIs of 28 hips having undergone surgery for DDH were reviewed. On two separate occasions, the same three raters measured the femoral axis deviation from mid-line on axial and coronal imaging. Abduction was estimated using the traditional method of measurement and our novel method. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed. Results The methods yielded different estimates (p < 0.001). Inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent for both methods (inter-rater ICC > 0.922, intra-rater ICC > 0.919). The traditional method is accurate at 90° of flexion, but it increasingly overestimates abduction as hip flexion decreases. All cases where hip flexion was ≤ 40° exhibited ≥ 10° of error. Conclusions Decreasing hip flexion in spica modifies the perceived angle of abduction as measured using axial imaging. This inaccuracy can be overcome through assessment of orthogonal views using our new approach, which is accurate and reliable. It should be considered for future research investigating the effects of in-spica hip position on outcomes of DDH treatment.
Making Sense of Sensors
Authors: O’Riordan Kate , Parker Jennifer , Harris David , Devereaux Emile 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper explores the different projects resulting from a practical workshop on making and hacking biosensors. The projects and the workshop enable a series of reflections about biosensors and their commercial promises and what they might offer to other constituents in digital arts theory and practice. These reflections include issues about expertise and how to “make with sensors,” how inner states of being can be communicated in social situations, non-human relations and the possibility of radical communication beyond the human, and questions about materiality and performance and the role of the manifesto in relation to devices. These points are developed to argue that despite the radical promise of biosensors to offer new forms of communication, the objects they produce often fail. However, the process of design and making opens up questions about the technological horizon and possibilities for connection in a device-orientated culture.
Grzeczność językowa biegaczy nieprofesjonalnych (na podstawie wpisów na portalu społecznościowym Facebook)
Authors: Kijak Agnieszka 
Published: July 2017

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie silnego poczucia wspólnoty pomiędzy biegaczami. O życzliwych relacjach świadczą akty grzecznościowe, które występują w komunikacji osób uprawiających ten sport. Analizowany materiał pochodzi z portalu społecznościowego Facebook, za pośrednictwem którego biegacze przekazują sobie informacje dotyczące zawodów sportowych czy też wspólnych treningów. W artykule zostały zanalizowane wybrane wpisy będące przykładami aktów grzecznościowych, takich jak: powitania i pożegnania, zaproszenia, deklarowanie pomocy, odmowy, prośby i rady, wspieranie i gratulowanie oraz życzenia.