bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waarom zorgorganisaties in Nederland fuseren
Authors: Postma Jeroen , Roos Anne-Fleur 
Published: November 2016

Why healthcare providers merge
In many OECD countries, healthcare sectors have become increasingly concentrated as a result of mergers. However, detailed empirical insight into why healthcare providers merge is lacking. Also, we know little about the influence of national healthcare policies on mergers. We fill this gap in our knowledge by analyzing the results of a survey study among Dutch executives about mergers between healthcare organizations in the period from 2005 to 2012. During this period, Dutch healthcare providers faced a number of policy changes, including increased competition, more pressure from purchasers (health insurers), growing financial risks, de-institutionalization of long-term care and decentralization of healthcare services to municipalities. Our study shows that Dutch healthcare providers predominantly merge to improve the provision of healthcare services and to strengthen their market position. Efficiency and financial reasons are also important drivers of merger activity in healthcare. Motives for mergers seem to be related to changes in health policy, in particular to the increasing pressure from competitors, insurers and municipalities.
Individual and Co-occurring SNAP Risk Factors
Authors: Balto Julia M. , Ensari Ipek , Hubbard Elizabeth A. , Khan Naiman , Barnes Jennifer L. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Smoking, poor nutrition, excess alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity underlie most preventable causes of morbidity in the general population and may be associated with comorbidities and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the frequency of co-occurrence of these risk factors in people with MS remains unclear.
Methods: Sixty-nine individuals with MS completed self-report measures of smoking status, nutrition, alcohol use, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 analyses.
Results: Poor diet was the most common risk factor, with 85.5% of the sample not meeting dietary guidelines. Of participants with two risk factors, 90.3% were not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines. Seventy-three percent of women were not meeting physical activity guidelines, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 7.5, P &lt; .01). There were also differential rates by sex of the most commonly co-occurring risk factors: 65% of women reported the co-occurrence of insufficient physical activity and poor diet, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 4.2, P = .05).
Conclusions: These results indicate that 85.5% of the sample was not meeting nutrition guidelines, 90.3% of participants with two risk factors reported the co-occurrence of poor diet and insufficient levels of physical activity, and physical activity levels and the total number of risk factors varied across sex.
Transactional sex and risk for HIV infection in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wamoyi Joyce , Stobeanau Kirsten , Bobrova Natalia , Abramsky Tanya , Watts Charlotte 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionYoung women aged 15 to 24 years in sub‐Saharan Africa continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. A growing number of studies have suggested that the practice of transactional sex may in part explain women's heightened risk, but evidence on the association between transactional sex and HIV has not yet been synthesized. We set out to systematically review studies that assess the relationship between transactional sex and HIV among men and women in sub‐Saharan Africa and to summarize the findings through a meta‐analysis.MethodsThe search strategy included 8 databases, hand searches in 10 journals, and searches across 17 websites and portals for organizations as informed by expert colleagues. A systematic review of cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies was carried out for studies on women and men who engage in transactional sex published up through 2014. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to further examine the relationship between transactional sex and prevalent HIV infection across a subset of studies with the same exposure period. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women.ResultsNineteen papers from 16 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these 16 studies, 14 provided data on women and 10 on men. We find a significant, positive, unadjusted or adjusted association between transactional sex and HIV in 10 of 14 studies for women, one of which used a longitudinal design (relative risk (RR)=2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22 –3.48). Out of 10 studies involving men, only 2 indicate a positive association between HIV and transactional sex in unadjusted or adjusted models. The meta‐analysis confirmed general findings from the systematic review (unadjusted meta‐analysis findings are significant for women (n=4; pooled odds ratio (OR)=1.54, 95% CI: 1.04–2.28; I2=42.5%, p=0.156), but not for men (n=4; pooled OR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.85–2.56; I2=50.8%, p=0.107).ConclusionsTransactional sex is associated with HIV among women, whereas findings for men were inconclusive. Given that only two studies used a longitudinal approach, there remains a need for better measurement of the practice of transactional sex and additional longitudinal studies to establish the causal pathways between transactional sex and HIV.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Ultrasonographic Imaging and Pathologic Mechanisms of Median Nerve Compression
Authors: Sucher Benjamin M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Median nerve compression is a well-known cause of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Yet, reasons why the most common idiopathic form of CTS develops in certain individuals are not well understood. To further understand the compressive mechanisms at work in CTS development, the authors used ultrasonographic imaging of the median nerve to evaluate 2 patients with CTS. Findings were compared to those of 2 control subjects who did not have CTS. In the patients who had CTS, the transverse carpal ligament was pulled taut by thenar muscle contraction as the flexor tendons tightened, compressing the median nerve between the ligament and tendons. No such compression was observed with the control subjects. Thus, a pathologic mechanism of median nerve compression was confirmed in the patients with CTS. Demonstration of such pathologic mechanisms during prehensile hand movement may improve understanding of how to treat patients with CTS and prevent nerve injury.
Comparing electrical performance of GaN trench-gate MOSFETs with a-plane

and m-plane

sidewall channels
Authors: Gupta Chirag , Chan Silvia H. , Lund Cory , Agarwal Anchal , Koksaldi Onur S. , Liu Junquian , Enatsu Yuuki , Keller Stacia , Mishra Umesh K. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
GaN trench-gate MOSFETs with m- and a-plane-oriented sidewall channels were fabricated and characterized. The trench-gate MOSFET performance depended strongly on the sidewall-MOS-channel plane orientation. The m-plane-oriented MOS channel devices demonstrated higher channel mobility, higher current density, lower sub-threshold slope, and lower hysteresis with similar threshold voltage and on–off ratio compared to a-plane MOS channel devices. These results indicate that orienting trench-gate MOSFET toward the m-plane would allow for better on-state characteristics while maintaining similar off-state characteristics.
Near-field heat transfer between graphene monolayers: Dispersion relation and parametric analysis
Authors: Yin Ge , Yang Jiang , Ma Yungui 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Plasmon polaritons in graphene can enhance near-field heat transfer. In this work, we give a complete parametric analysis on the near-field heat transfer between two graphene monolayers that allows transfer efficiencies several orders-of-magnitude larger than blackbody radiation. Influences of major parameters are conclusively clarified from the changes of the interlayer supermode coupling and their dispersion relations. The method to maximize the near-field heat flux is discussed. The generalized Stefan–Boltzmann formula is proposed to describe the near-field heat transfer dominated by evanescent wave tunneling. Our results are of practical significance in guiding the design of thermal management systems.
In vitro bactericidal efficacy of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet on titanium-based implant infected with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Park Young-Ouk , Lee Chang-Min , Kim Myung-Sun , Jung Sang-Chul , Yang Seong-Won , Kook Min-Suk , Kim Byung-Hoon 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a representative of gram-positive bacteria that causes skin infection, respiratory diseases, and burned tissue infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sterilizing efficiency of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) on S. aureus adhered on a titanium surface. During the APPJ sterilization, the plasma gases used were Ar, Ar+N2, and Ar+O2. With increasing APPJ treatment time, the viability of S. aureus decreased. The addition of O2 gas to Ar gas resulted in a higher sterilizing efficiency than the addition of other groups. Plasma exposure induced bacterial oxidative stress, and it was confirmed that the cell membrane was seriously damaged by the production of reactive oxygen species. Our finding suggests that the APPJ is an effective tool for clinical antimicrobial therapy.
Comparison of the effectiveness of ISJ and SSR markers and detection of outlier loci in conservation genetics ofPulsatilla patenspopulations
Authors: Bilska Katarzyna , Szczecińska Monika 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundResearch into the protection of rare and endangered plant species involves genetic analyses to determine their genetic variation and genetic structure. Various categories of genetic markers are used for this purpose. Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), are the most popular category of markers in population genetics research. In most cases, microsatellites account for a large part of the noncoding DNA and exert a neutral effect on the genome. Neutrality is a desirable feature in evaluations of genetic differences between populations, but it does not support analyses of a population’s ability to adapt to a given environment or its evolutionary potential. Despite the numerous advantages of microsatellites, non-neutral markers may supply important information in conservation genetics research. They are used to evaluate adaptation to specific environmental conditions and a population’s adaptive potential. The aim of this study was to compare the level of genetic variation inPulsatilla patenspopulations revealed by neutral SSR markers and putatively adaptive ISJ markers (intron-exon splice junction).MethodsThe experiment was conducted on 14 Polish populations ofP. patensand threeP. patenspopulations from the nearby region of Vitebsk in Belarus. A total of 345 individuals were examined. Analyses were performed with the use of eight SSR primers specific toP. patensand three ISJ primers.ResultsSSR markers revealed a higher level of genetic variation than ISJ markers (He= 0.609,He= 0.145, respectively). An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that, the overall genetic diversity between the analyzed populations defined by parametersFSTand ΦPTfor SSR (20%) and ΦPTfor ISJ (21%) markers was similar. Analysis conducted in theStructureprogram divided analyzed populations into two groups (SSR loci) and three groups (ISJ markers). Mantel test revealed correlations between the geographic distance and genetic diversity of Polish populations ofP. patensfor ISJ markers, but not for SSR markers.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that ISJ markers can complement the analyses based on SSRs. However, neutral and adaptive markers should not be alternatively applied. Neutral microsatellite markers cannot depict the full range of genetic variation in a population because they do not enable to analyze functional variation. Although ISJ markers are less polymorphic, they can contribute to the reliability of analyses based on SSRs.
Elevational pattern of bird species richness and its causes along a central Himalaya gradient, China
Authors: Pan Xinyuan , Ding Zhifeng , Hu Yiming , Liang Jianchao , Wu Yongjie , Si Xingfeng , Guo Mingfang , Hu Huijian , Jin Kun 
Published: November 2016

This study examines the relative importance of six variables: area, the mid-domain effect, temperature, precipitation, productivity, and habitat heterogeneity on elevational patterns of species richness for breeding birds along a central Himalaya gradient in the Gyirong Valley, the longest of five canyons in the Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve. We conducted field surveys in each of twelve elevational bands of 300 m between 1,800 and 5,400 m asl four times throughout the entire wet season. A total of 169 breeding bird species were recorded and most of the species (74%) were small-ranged. The species richness patterns of overall, large-ranged and small-ranged birds were all hump-shaped, but with peaks at different elevations. Large-ranged species and small-ranged species contributed equally to the overall richness pattern.Based on the bivariate and multiple regression analyses, area and precipitation were not crucial factors in determining the species richness along this gradient. The mid-domain effect played an important role in shaping the richness pattern of large-ranged species. Temperature was negatively correlated with overall and large-ranged species but positively correlated with small-ranged species. Productivity was a strong explanatory factor among all the bird groups, and habitat heterogeneity played an important role in shaping the elevational richness patterns of overall and small-ranged species. Our results highlight the need to conserve primary forest and intact habitat in this area. Furthermore, we need to increase conservation efforts in this montane biodiversity hotspot in light of increasing anthropogenic activities and land use pressure.
The Heaviest Possible Ternary Trihalogen Species, IAtBr−, Evidenced in Aqueous Solution: An Experimental Performance Driven by Computations
Authors: Guo Ning , Sergentu Dumitru‐Claudiu , Teze David , Champion Julie , Montavon Gilles , Galland Nicolas , Maurice Rémi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEvidencing new chemical species in solution is particularly challenging when one works at ultra‐trace concentrations, as is likely to happen with radioelements such as astatine (Z=85). Herein, quantum mechanical calculations were used to predict the narrow experimental domain in which it is possible to detect the presence of an exotic ternary trihalogen anion, IAtBr−, and thus to guide a series of experiments. By analyzing the outcomes of competition experiments, we show that IAtBr− exists and can even predominate in aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant associated with the reaction At++I−+Br−⇌IAtBr− was determined to be 107.5±0.2, which is in fair agreement with that predicted by density functional theory (106.9). This system not only constitutes the very first example of a ternary trihalogen species that involves the element astatine but is also the first trihalogen species reported to predominate in solution. Moreover, we show that the oxidation number of At is zero in this species, as in the other molecules and anions that At+ can form with Cl−, Br−, and I− ligands.
Indenylmetallkatalyse in der organischen Synthese
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Ryan Michael C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSynthesechemiker wissen seit langem Übergangsmetallcyclopentadienylkomplexe zu schätzen, denn viele dieser Komplexe dienten und dienen als Katalysatoren für organische Transformationen. Deutlich weniger bekannt sind die Beiträge benzanellierter Cyclopentadienylliganden. Diese Indenylliganden verfügen über einzigartige Eigenschaften, die in vielen Fällen eine andere Reaktivität in katalytischen Prozessen zur Synthese niedermolekularer Produkte vermitteln. In diesem Aufsatz präsentieren wir Beispiele für Indenylmetallkomplexe in der Katalyse und vergleichen deren Reaktivität, soweit möglich, mit der ihrer Cyclopentadienylanaloga.
Innovation policies for advanced biorefinery development: key considerations and lessons from Sweden
Authors: Hellsmark Hans , Söderholm Patrik 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper provides an innovation systems perspective on the combination of policy instruments that will be required to stimulate technological development in the advanced biorefinery field. We first consult the established innovation policy literature, and provide a general framework that can be used to identify the type of policy instruments needed to develop new sustainable technology. In a second step, we illustrate how these general principles can be applied in the context of future biorefineries based on either the thermochemical or biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks. We draw heavily on the experiences of biorefinery development in Sweden. A central conclusion is that in Sweden, and elsewhere, there are few niche markets for advanced biorefineries and a lack of long‐term policy instruments for the more established renewable fuels. For this reason, there is a need for innovation policy instruments that create markets for renewable fuels and green chemicals, thus supporting technology development during a niche market phase and allowing for the first commercial‐scale plants to be built. The aim of such a policy would be to stimulate learning, form value chains, and experiment with various design options on a larger scale; this complements the use of technology‐neutral policy instruments such as carbon pricing, which primarily promotes the diffusion of mature technologies. The policy instruments that are candidates for the niche market phase include, for example, public procurement and various types of price guarantees. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Learning analytics for the development of adapted e‐assessment workflow system
Authors: Bendaly Hlaoui Yousra , Hajjej Fahima , Jemni Ben Ayed Leila 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLearning analytics (LA) is a significant area of the enhanced learning technology that has been emerged during the last decade. In this paper, we present a Cloud Adapted Workflow e‐Assessment System, called Cloud‐AWAS. This system makes use of the learning analytics in order to turn learners into more effective and better learners. Hence, Cloud‐AWAS could be seamlessly integrated into any learning management system. This system provides a generic e‐assessment workflow which is adapted to learner's profiles. We have started by creating a learner profile ontology based on extraction data from e‐assessment activities, file log and personal information. Then, we have defined three adaptation actions: Add Activity, Edit Activity, and Delete Activity, applied on the workflow assessment and using information extracted from learner profile ontology instances. Each action is applied according to a number of conditions. Finally, we present some results of the empirical evaluation of Cloud_AWAS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:951–966, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21770
Use of synchronous e‐learning at university degrees
Authors: Fita Ana , Monserrat Jose F. , Moltó Germán , Mestre Eva M. , Rodriguez‐Burruezo Adrián 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDifferent types of Course Management Systems (CMS) are fully integrated in conventional and online courses in many Universities degrees. Although they are suitable for lecturer‐student information sharing, their asynchronous nature prevents an efficient interaction, which may hamper the learning process. As an alternative, synchronous virtual learning platforms can help fill the gaps in traditional CMS. However, there is very little feedback regarding its use in higher education. The Universitat Politècnica de València introduced in 2010 a synchronous e‐learning platform, named Poli[ReunióN], an Adobe Connect‐based online service. Poli[ReunióN] provides virtual sessions where interaction between lecturers and students is enabled by means of audio/video‐conferences and software application sharing. By following this path, Poli[ReunióN] provides an opportunity for planning new educational experiences where technology may help to achieve new learning objectives. However, the implementation of this tool still needs to be explored. In order to check its usefulness, we have performed a multidisciplinary learning experience involving a wide range of subjects over several degrees: Private Telecommunication Systems (degree in Telecommunications Engineering), Algorithms and Data Structure (degree in Computer Sciences), English for International Tourism (degree in Tourism Management), Genetics and Plant Breeding (degree in Agricultural Engineering), and a specific course for teachers’ training. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of Poli[ReunióN] in tutoring and in different learning activities proposed in the aforementioned degrees are discussed from both perspectives—lecturers and students. These experiences may help lecturers and other education professionals to adopt similar e‐learning tools. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:982–993, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21773
Superparamagnetic Composites Based on Ionic Resin Beads/CaCO3/Magnetite
Authors: Bunia Ion , Socoliuc Vlad , Vekas Ladislau , Doroftei Florica , Varganici Cristian , Coroaba Adina , Simionescu Bogdan C. , Mihai Marcela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe preparation of superparamagnetic composites obtained by CaCO3 mineralization from supersaturate aqueous solutions is presented. The preparation was conducted in the presence of oleic acid stabilized magnetite nanoparticles as a water‐based magnetic fluid and insoluble templates as gel‐like cross‐linked polymeric beads. The presence of the magnetic particles in the composites provides a facile way for external manipulation using a permanent magnet, thus allowing the separation and extraction of magnetically modified materials. Two ion exchangers based on divinylbenzene/ethyl acrylate/acrylonitrile cross‐linked copolymer—a cation ion exchanger (CIE) and an amphoteric ion exchanger (AIE)—were used, as well as different addition orders of magnetite and CaCO3 crystals growth precursors. The morphology of the composites was investigated by SEM, the polymorphs content by X‐ray diffraction, and the thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis. Polymer, CaCO3, and magnetite in the composite particles were shown to be present by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), XPS, and TEM. The sorption capacity for CuII ions was tested, as compared to samples prepared without magnetite.
Solvent‐Dependent Synthesis of Porous Anionic Uranyl–Organic Frameworks Featuring a Highly Symmetrical (3,4)‐Connected ctn or bor Topology for Selective Dye Adsorption
Authors: Hu Kong‐Qiu , Jiang Xiang , Wang Cong‐Zhi , Mei Lei , Xie Zhen‐Ni , Tao Wu‐Qing , Zhang Xiao‐Lin , Chai Zhi‐Fang , Shi Wei‐Qun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo highly symmetrical (3,4)‐connected uranyl–organic frameworks (UOFs) were synthesized by a judicious combination of D3h‐symmetrical triangular [UO2(COO)3]− and Td symmetrical tetrahedral tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)methane (H4MTB). These two as‐synthesized UOFs possess similar structural units and coordination modes but totally different topological structures, namely ctn net and bor net. Solvent‐induced interpenetration and a morphology change are observed. The two compounds exhibit crystal transformation via a dissolution–crystallization process. Adsorption experiments in CH3OH solution indicate that both of them can selectively remove positively charged dyes over negatively charged and neutral dyes. Moreover, the electronic structural and bonding properties of the two compounds were systematically explored by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.