bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonporous TiO 2 @C Microsphere with a Highly Integrated Structure for High Volumetric Lithium Storage and Enhance Initial Coulombic Efficiency
Authors: Yin Jinpeng , Wang Guanqin , Kong Dongqing , Li Chuang , Zhang Qiang , Xie Dongbai , Yan Yangyang , Li Ning , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To enhance the volumetric energy density and initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of titanium oxide (TiO2) as anode electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), this study employed a surface-confined in-situ inter-growth mechanism to prepare a TiO2 embedded carbon microsphere composite. The results revealed that the composite exhibited a highly integrated structure of TiO2 with oxygen vacancies and carbon, along with an exceptionally small specific surface area of 11.52 m²/g. Due to its unique microstructure, the composite demonstrated remarkable lithium storage properties, including a high ICE of 75%, a notable capacity of 426.8 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 A/g, superior rate performance of 210.1 mAh/g at 5 A/g, and an outstanding cycle life, with a capacity decay rate of only 0.003% per cycle over 2000 cycles. Furthermore, electrochemical kinetic studies further validated the advantages of this microstructure.
Predicting adverse events in schizophrenia using digital phenotyping and machine learning: results from the HOPE-S observational study
Authors: Heaukulani* Creighton , Sim* Amelia , Yang Zixu , Buddhika Thisum , Rashid Nur Amirah Abdul , Wang Xuancong , Ping Foo , Verghese Rebecca , Yip Jung Hon , Zhang Xun , Zheng Shushan , Quek Yue Feng , Basu Sutapa , Lee Kok Wei , Tang Charmaine , Verma Swapna , Morris Robert J.T. , Lee Jimmy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Digital phenotyping has emerged as a promising tool in psychiatry to monitor patient status and to predict clinically significant events such as relapse and hospitalization in schizophrenia. Digital data from a smartphone and wrist wearable were collected to derive 540,744 daily measurements of behavior and health from 99 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders over a six-month period. We found that machine learning algorithms based on gradient boosting trees can achieve a sensitivity of 91.4% and a specificity of 95.3% when predicting hospital readmissions, visits to the emergency room, and deterioration in clinical status from changes in a patient’s digital data alone. Our results provide strong evidence to the nascent body of literature demonstrating that digital phenotyping can be reliably employed to predict relapse and other adverse events in psychosis.

*Creighton Heaukulani and Amelia Sim are joint first author.
Systematic analysis of functional implications of fibrosis in pan-cancer
Authors: Yao Long , Liu Lianpo , Wang Hanlin , Huang Yunlong , Wu Kaiming , Huang Xin , Xu Junrui , Zhang Renquan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The common pathogenic mechanisms and molecular pathways of fibrosis and tumors remain unclear. We aimed to conduct in-depth analysis of fibrosis feature genes role from a pan-cancer perspective and identify potential therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancers. We downloaded mRNA expression, copy number alterations, and DNA methylation data of 33 cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical and mutation data were obtained from the UCSC Xena database. The mutation frequencies of fibrosis-feature-related genes (FRGs) in the TCGA database were examined. Protein expression levels were analysed using the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium. Gene Set Variation Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis algorithms were used. Most FRGs were differentially expressed in tumors owing to somatic cell copy number alterations and DNA methylation. We established a fibrosis potential index (FPI), and in most cancers, the FPI was lower than that in normal tissues and correlated with subtypes and clinical features. The FPI correlated negatively with multiple metabolic pathways and immune function but positively with several important tumor features or pathways. The FPI correlated with prognosis in different tumors, despite finding heterogeneity. Fibrotic features have excellent diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for various cancers. This may help predict responses to immunotherapy.
Investigating the Negative Link between Perfectionism and Emotional Divergent Thinking
Authors: Goulet-Pelletier Jean-Christophe , Beaudin Marie-France , Cousineau Denis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Previous research has found that striving towards perfection was negatively associated with the generation of original ideas, as measured with Divergent Thinking (DT) tasks. In contrast, striving towards excellence has been positively associated with DT abilities. This effect has been replicated; however explanatory variables have not yet been tested. The aim of the current study was twofold. First, we investigated the mediating role of concerns over mistakes, doubts about actions, openness to experience, empathy, and emotions felt during the task. Second, we investigated an emotional DT task, consisting of two items (e.g., name things which can be frustrating). From a sample of n = 282 university students, we replicated the negative association between perfectionism and DT abilities. Perfection strivers were less original on the emotional task compared to the classic DT task. However, the effects were smaller than in the preliminary study. Mediation analyses suggested that doubts and concerns were not statistically related to DT abilities. Openness to experience and empathy were both positively and uniquely associated to DT. Lastly, positive and worrisome emotions (but not negative) were positively related to the originality of ideas. We discuss the relationship between emotions and DT abilities.
Assessment of Urban Flood Susceptibility and Inundation through Bivariate Statistics with Synthetic Aperture Radar: Insights for Spatial Planning in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia
Authors: Giofandi Eggy Arya , Tjahjono Boedi , Rachman Latief Mahir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Flooding has become one of the most dangerous hydrometeorological disasters, affecting the sustainability of cities in the future. This study aims to assess flood susceptibility using a frequency ratio approach and evaluate the spatial planning in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. Flood locations were derived from synthetic aperture radar data to prepare actual flood data. In this area, the identification of physical environmental parameters was conducted using various datasets such as slope, landform, curvature, topographic wetness index, distance from rivers, rainfall, soil texture, and soil depth. Furthermore, a weighted assessment of all thematic layers was calculated based on the frequency ratio of actual flood events in the observation area. The overall data related to the location of the events were divided, with 70% for model development and 30% for validation. The results showed that actual flood events affected 18 km², with an accuracy of 84.21%. Flood susceptibility was categorized into four levels such as very high (11.36%), high (58.04%), medium (24.78%), and low (5.81%). An accurate assessment of potential flood susceptibility, measured by the operational characteristic curve (AUC), showed a prediction rate of 76.30% and a success rate of 78.45%. However, considering the implications for spatial patterns, flood susceptibility affects cultivated areas covering 381.16 km², which are spread almost throughout the urban area. High to very high susceptibility areas indirectly cause disaster losses and impact community activities. The misalignment between the distribution of flood susceptibility and spatial planning in urban areas needs to be addressed to anticipate other potential hazards.
Study on the Shear Strength of Anchored Jointed Rock Mass Under Different Normal Stiffness Conditions
Authors: Song Yang , Mao Jinghan , Wang Heping , Fan Bo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary condition in deep rock engineering structures, which provides a more accurate representation of the stress environment of jointed rock masses than the constant normal load (CNL) boundary condition. Three CNS boundary conditions (0 GPa/m, 1.5 GPa/m, and 3.0 GPa/m) were designed to simulate the effects of confinement and various geological engineering conditions on different tunnel depths. Using direct shear tests on both anchored and unanchored joint samples under CNS conditions, this study incorporated the dilation curve of the joints into a model predicting joint shear strength. The model accounts for the effects of CNS boundary conditions, and combines the anchorage resistance model based on the theory of statically determinate beams. It also considers the relationship between axial and lateral displacements of anchors during shear deformation. Results demonstrate that both CNS boundary conditions and anchorage significantly influence shear mechanical properties. Anchor reinforcement exhibited a greater impact on peak shear stress than CNS boundary conditions, while both factors similarly affected peak normal displacement. The newly proposed model accurately predicts shear strength under different normal stiffness boundary conditions, aligning closely with experimental data. The study also analyzes the contribution of anchors to shear strength, revealing a 57.28% contribution under a stiffness condition of 0 GPa/m. With increasing normal stiffness, intrinsic shear resistance in jointed rock mass improves, while the relative contribution from anchors decreases.
Emergent benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Multisymbiotic Grass-Legume Mixtures
Authors: García-Parisi Pablo A , Druille Magdalena , Grimoldi Agustín Alberto , Lattanzi Fernando Alfredo , Omacini Marina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims The ability of plant microbial symbionts to enhance hosts´ fitness depends on the abiotic and biotic context, including the presence of co-existing symbionts. We studied how the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects the performance of a host grass associated or not with fungal asexual endophytes, growing either alone or in interaction with a legume hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We hypothesized that the presence of legume-rhizobia symbiosis enables endophytes and AMF to promote host grass growth and nutrition, as well as host and symbionts fitness through nitrogen acquisition-mediated effects when their primary benefits (herbivore protection and phosphorous provision) are not required.Methods In pots with sterile, nitrogen-limited soil either inoculated or not with AMF, we grew Lolium multiflorum grass plants associated or not with a vertically-transmitted endophyte (Epichloë occultans), either in monocultures or in mixtures with rhizobia-inoculated Trifolium repens.Results In monocultures, grass C, N and P acquisition were reduced by AMF. Conversely, in mixtures with legumes, AMF increased grass growth, soil N uptake, and transfer of biologically fixed N from the legume to the grass. Endophyte and AMF both decreased grass fitness, but endophyte presence increased AMF spore density.Conclusions AMF can increase nitrogen transfer and increase grass growth, a benefit that relies on the presence of rhizobia-associated neighboring legumes. Notably, plant and symbiont fitness are not aligned either among them or with the benefits provided. The success of each host or symbiont may depend on their ability to capitalize on the benefits.
Effects of laser welding on the mechanical properties and microstructure of AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: Haupt William , Borges Lucas Ghellioni , Israel Charles Leonardo , Riffel Kaue Correa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural behavior of AISI 304 steel welds produced using the CO₂ laser welding process. The focus is on understanding the effects of different welding conditions on 2 mm thick steel sheets. The welds were performed under three conditions: autogenous welding without root opening, welding with a 1 mm root opening using filler metal, and welding with filler metal but without root opening. The joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness testing, uniaxial fatigue testing, and subsequent fractographic examination. The microstructural analysis revealed a significant presence of pores in the autogenous welds and predominant formation of delta ferrite and lathy ferrite phases across all conditions. In terms of mechanical performance, autogenous welds exhibited fractures in the base material, while welds using filler metal showed fractures near the weld metal. Despite noticeable differences in the mean fatigue resistance, the autogenous welds and those with filler metal but without root opening demonstrated a higher number of cycles to failure.
The impact of light compressive stress on early bone remodeling and the expression profile of associated circRNAs
Authors: Yuan Peiyan , Xi Keyu , Huang jinyu , Ning Tingting , Xu Shuaimei , Yuan Guohua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The effects of mechanical stress on bone remodeling have been constantly studied by researchers at different levels, however several aspects still exist which are considerably unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of osteoblasts exposed to different levels of compressive stress, to identify and perform a comprehensive analysis of the circRNA expression pattern as well as investigate their potential regulatory roles.
Methods
The gene and protein expression levels of Runx2, Alp, OCN, Rankl, and Opg were examined in MC3T3-E1 cells after exposure to varying levels of compressive stress. Whole transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR were used to identify the various differentially expressed circRNAs. Furthermore, MiRanda, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome enrichment analysis were used to predict the potential functions of the differentially expressed circRNAs.
Results
The osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation effects on the bone tissues were enhanced at 2g/cm2. 99 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified by whole transcriptome sequencing. They were predicted to interact with 1701 miRNAs, some of which play a crucial part in regulating osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt or Notch pathway.
Conclusions
This study suggested that 2g/cm2 compressive stress was sufficient to induce osteogeneis and bone tissue resorption. This was the first study to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and to integrate their potential ceRNA function during early bone remodeling after exposure to light compressive stress. These findings suggest that certain specific circRNAs might possess the potential to function as ceRNAs in order to promote bone remodeling.
Dynamic Monitoring of Surface Soil Moisture Fluctuations Using Synthetic Aperture Radar and Data- Driven Algorithms
Authors: Rajeev Hrushikesh , Gururaj Punithraj , Pathak Abhishek A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The primary goal of the study is to employ SAR data and data driven approaches to model Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) for cultivable bare fields. Three experimental test plots were selected which are basically cultivable but due water deficiency the plots are left bare. Samples for surface soil moisture, soil surface roughness and bulk density are collected from test plots in grid sampling manner in parallel with SAR data pass over study area. Sentinel-1A data is pre-processed and each field sampling grid backscattering energy values are obtained. Surface roughness, dielectric constant and backscattered energy were used as input features to model SSM using RF, SVR and BPANN. We observed that BPANN outperformed SVR and RF by accurately predicting soil moisture with RMSE = 0.077, bias = 0.013, and R = 0.94. This study sheds light on small scale agricultural lands which are deficient of water to support crop growth.
Snakes in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas: Encounters and Challenges in the Atlantic Forest Biome, Brazil
Authors: Souza¹ André Nascimento , França Rafaela Candido , Santos Nathalia Ribeiro , Jorge Antônio , Campiolo Sofia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In global scenarios, the implementation of major structural works, such as highways, railroads and ports, as well as the accelerated growth of urban centers, are processes that can have an impact on local fauna and if conducted without proper planning or focus on mitigating possible interference to fauna, can lead to the destruction of habitats and consequently damage to biodiversity, which also has an impact on society. Studies on herpetofauna and the management of species that appear in urban environments are little explored on the South American continent and research on snakes in these environments has not been carried out in the region investigated. The aim of this study was to identify the occurrences of snakes in urbanized areas of two municipalities in the Atlantic Forest biome, to learn about the spatial distribution and final destination of these animals. Our results found 25 species of snakes divided between the families Boidae (3 sp.), Colubridae (7 sp.), Dipsadidae (12 sp.) Typhlopidae (1 sp.) Viperidae (2 sp.) that circulated in urban and peri-urban areas and were identified using data obtained from the electronic system of the state fauna management agency and additionally from a herpetological collection of the local university, which presented a panorama of the return of animals to the wild as well as revealing animals victimized by trampling in the urbanized stretches. The final destinations of snakes that have appeared in urban areas are still poorly explained because most of the species rescued, despite having been relocated, had poorly detailed information on the management forms, which need to be better documented, from the level of species identification, as well as the final destination of the relocation, for more efficient management of urban wildlife, aiding in the process of conserving species that appear in cities.
Emotion regulation monitoring in daily life: The roles of event intensity, emotion intensity, perceived regulation success and psychopathology
Authors: Li Xu-hua , Zhang Yu-ting , Li Xu , Peng Ming , Houben Marlies , Vaessen Thomas , Myin-Germeys Inez 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
During emotional events, people monitor the effectiveness of their emotion regulation (ER) to decide whether to keep using their current ER strategy, switch to a new strategy, or stop the regulation process. However, there is little empirical research on the monitoring phase of ER, particularly on what and how situational and individual factors influence this process.
Methods
We tested situational and individual factors as predictors of real-life ER monitoring decisions. 155 young adults responded to 5 prompts per day in a 7-day experience sampling protocol. At each prompt they described an emotional event, rated the intensity of event, their current emotions and perceived success in ER, and reported their decision to simply stop using their current ER strategy or to switch to a new strategy during the event.
Results
Multilevel modeling results showed the decision to stop using the current ER strategy was predicted by perceived success in ER after both positive and negative events, and by depressive and anxiety symptoms after positive events. The decision to switch to a new strategy was more likely when there were high negative emotions after a negative event, and less likely when there was perceived success after a positive event.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that situational and individual factors affect people’s decisions about how to regulate emotion. Interventions addressing excessive emotion regulation issues in response to positive events and their underlying causes may benefit individuals with depression or anxiety.
Prophage-DB: A comprehensive database to explore diversity, distribution, and ecology of prophages
Authors: Dieppa-Colón Etan , Martin Cody , Anantharaman Karthik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background.
Viruses that infect prokaryotes (phages) constitute the most abundant group of biological agents, playing pivotal roles in microbial systems. They are known to impact microbial community dynamics, microbial ecology, and evolution. Efforts to document the diversity, host range, infection dynamics, and effects of bacteriophage infection on host cell metabolism are extremely underexplored. Phages are classified as virulent or temperate based on their life cycles. Temperate phages adopt the lysogenic mode of infection, where the genome integrates into the host cell genome forming a prophage. Prophages enable viral genome replication without host cell lysis, and often contribute novel and beneficial traits to the host genome. Current phage research predominantly focuses on lytic phages, leaving a significant gap in knowledge regarding prophages, including their biology, diversity, and ecological roles.
Results.
Here we develop and describe Prophage-DB, a database of prophages, their proteins, and associated metadata that will serve as a resource for viral genomics and microbial ecology. To create the database, we identified and characterized prophages from genomes in three of the largest publicly available databases. We applied several state-of-the-art tools in our pipeline to annotate these viruses, cluster and taxonomically classify them, and detect their respective auxiliary metabolic genes. In total, we identify and characterize over 350,000 prophages and 35,000 auxiliary metabolic genes. Our prophage database is highly representative based on statistical results and contains prophages from a diverse set of archaeal and bacterial hosts which show a wide environmental distribution.
Conclusion.
Prophages are particularly overlooked in viral ecology and merit increased attention due to their vital implications for microbiomes and their hosts. Here, we created Prophage-DB to advance our comprehension of prophages in microbiomes through a comprehensive characterization of prophages in publicly available genomes. We propose that Prophage-DB will serve as a valuable resource for advancing phage research, offering insights into viral taxonomy, host relationships, auxiliary metabolic genes, and environmental distribution.