bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. Coast Guard Sector Delaware Bay: Response to Rail Incidents Planning Project
Authors: Wirth LCDR Tracy , Nielsen LT Eric , Walker Ann Hayward , Gaudiosi Richard M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT: IOSC 2017-124
This paper presents solutions to a new oil spill problem in U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Sector Delaware Bay (Sector) area of responsibility (AOR), the need for which became apparent during recent energy production growth in the region. Two projects were initiated by the Sector to ensure regional preparedness for response to unconventional crude oil spills that affect the maritime domain, in the rapidly changing North American energy renaissance:Identification of rail/water nexus sites and response measures, andModified Consensus Ecological Risk Assessment (CERA)
The overall goals of the projects were to identify major threats from rail incidents, analyze potential transportation and spill risks associated with Bakken, bitumen, and diluted bitumen, herein known as domestic crude oil products, and document best practices and response strategies with input from stakeholders in a complex tri-state region consisting of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
For these domestic crude oils, the Sector initiated an Area Contingency Plan (ACP) revision to incorporate oil spill booming strategies and pre-scripted Incident Command System (ICS) work assignments. The revision identified 38 rail/water nexus sites and incorporated a modified Consensus Ecological Risk Assessment (CERA), which defined and predicted localized spill behaviors and consequences for the unconventional crude oils in marine, brackish water, and freshwater environments of the Delaware Bay Watershed.
While domestic crude oil products are studied further at the national and international levels, the Sector focused on working alongside regional partners from the Oil and Natural Gas (ONG) industry, the Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) community, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Scientific Support Coordinator, and other relevant subject matter experts. Together, they worked to define best management practices (BMPs) for first responders and incorporate new policy and guidelines (i.e., non-floating Oils OSRO Classification and Bakken/Dilbit Oil Spill First Responder Guides) into local contingency plans, policies, and procedures (Csulak and Michel, 2015a, 2015b).
The USCG must consider and manage all potential risks to transportation safety and the marine environment from pollution. To ensure that the USCG is most prepared to respond to all potential pollution sources, as directed by the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), Sector Delaware Bay’s rail incident planning process is presented as a template for updating ACPs across USCG Captain of the Port (COTP) zones.
A comparison of Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) visual observations of oiling and measured soil and sediment chemical concentrations following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident.
Authors: Challenger Greg , Murray Karen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study examines the Deepwater Horizon SCAT results in comparison to measured chemical concentrations in shoreline sediments. Surface and subsurface oiling levels were grouped into oiling categories from Very Light to Heavy as per SCAT protocol. Discrete sediment and soil sample locations from the shoreline and immediate nearshore from 27 separate NRDA studies were separated into the SCAT oiling category zones. Measurements of chemical constituents associated with petroleum (i.e., PAH, saturated hydrocarbons, petroleum biomarkers) were used to evaluate the concentration and composition of petroleum present in samples. Hydrocarbon source interpretation (“fingerprinting”) was used to identify and exclude samples which were conclusively not DWH oil. Analysis of the chemical distributions in shoreline sediments shows that the oil character varied greatly in time and space, often over very small distances. Average PAH and alkane concentration data tend to agree with the SCAT designations, however, the concentration of petroleum chemicals in any individual sample could not be predicted by SCAT category alone. The results suggest limited predictive ability in specific locations; however, they are useful to estimate the average conditions within the landscape setting in the northern Gulf of Mexico and in the design of injury studies.
Canine Oil Detection (K9-SCAT) following 2015 Releases from the T/V Arrow Wreck
Authors: Owens E.H. , Dubach H.C. , Bunker P. , MacDonald S. , Yang Z. , Lambert P. , LaForest S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The T/V Arrow sank in 1970, spilling Bunker C fuel oil into Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. In the summer and fall of 2015, residual oil leaked from the sunken vessel and re-oiled shorelines in the Bay. A K9-SCAT field study, funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), was conducted in June 2016 to assess the capability of detection canines to locate stranded oil following the new releases. The canine detected small amounts of weathered surface oil that were barely visible, and in some cases, not visible, to the SCAT-trained observers, as well as subsurface oil on mixed- and coarse-sediment beaches. The average speed of a survey, in terms of the length of shoreline covered, varied depending on the shore type and the width of the survey band. The most challenging site was a steep bedrock shoreline with an alongshore survey rate of 0.2 linear km/hour. Typical alongshore coverage rates for the wide, mixed sediment were in the range 0.7 to 1.2 linear km/hour, and for both straight, wide sand beaches were 1.2 km/hour. The highest alongshore rate was 2.4 linear km/hour for the narrow beach on Janvrin Island. The successful detection of 2015 T/V Arrow cargo oil (both naturally stranded and intentionally planted) on selected Chedabucto Bay shorelines indicates that there is a low risk, high confidence level that the canine did not miss subsurface oil, although that possibility may exist. Where the canine made an alert and no surface oil was visible, chemical analyses of sediment samples indicated that weathered petroleum hydrocarbons were present at those locations and, therefore, the canine had made correct alerts. The results provide further “proof of concept” for K9-SCAT teams to support surface and subsurface oil detection during traditional shoreline assessment surveys.
Lessons Learnt from post-release monitoring of oiled-penguins: New Zealand C/V Rena
Authors: Chilvers B. Louise , Morgan Kerri J. , Battley Phil , Sievwright Karin A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The value of rehabilitating oiled wildlife is an on-going global debate. On October 5, 2011, the cargo vessel C/V Rena grounded on Astrolabe Reef, New Zealand (NZ), spilling over 300 tonnes of heavy fuel oil. As part of the Rena oil spill response, 383 little blue penguins (LBP, Eudyptula minor) were captured, cleaned, rehabilitated and released back into a cleaned environment. Over the last four years, since the C/V Rena spill, we have undertaken survival, diving behaviour, diet and stress hormone response research on these and non-rehabilitated LBPs from the spill area to assess the success of the rehabilitation process, determine what lessons could still be learnt and to help determine if the environment has returned back to its natural state. Findings from this research showed that the survival was reduced for both rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated groups in the first six months following the spill and clean-up process however, the survival probabilities of both groups increased thereafter and remained high and stable over a two year period directly after the spill. The foraging behaviour and diet studies showed there were no foraging behaviour differences between rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated LBPs and the overall diving behaviour of these LBPs were similar, if not less energetic, than other LBPs in NZ, indicating that the environment appeared to have also returned to pre-oiling state. Concurrently, the stress hormone response study showed no differences between groups, suggesting the rehabilitation process for LBP did not affect their long term physiological responses to humans, meaning no habituation or excessively stress caused by humans over the long term. Together these results suggest the rehabilitation process and clean-up undertaken after the C/V Rena appears effective and helps validate the rehabilitation of oiled wildlife.
DISPERSANT PERFORMANCE: FINDING NEW RESULTS IN EXISTING DATA
Authors: Bittler Kimberly 
Published: December 2017

Abstract No. 092
Abstract: Chemical dispersants are used to mitigate oil spills in aquatic environments. Dispersants promote the breakdown of oil into smaller droplets that more readily diffuse into the water column. Federal agencies, industry, and academia have a long history of investigating dispersant performance at diverse scales and environmental conditions, including several recent publications. Several studies estimate dispersant performance as dispersion effectiveness (DE, measured as the percent of oil retained in the water column for a period of time after treatment), the concentration of oil in the dispersed in the water column, or the size of dispersed oil droplets. While many organizations have drawn qualitative conclusions from this body of work, a quantitative meta-analysis drawing together historic and recent research on the topic of dispersant effectiveness has not been conducted. This paper analyzed controlled studies measuring performance of dispersants across lab, tank, and large-scale studies. Although this paper examined only a subset of commonly tested oils, the findings strongly support that treatment with dispersants is correlated with increased effectiveness across several metrics, studies, and test methodologies. The conclusions provided by this analysis could be a critical tool for weighing the risks and benefits of using dispersants to respond to oil spills in aquatic environments.
Excitonic Creation of Highly Luminescent Defects In Situ in Working Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Biao , Ingram Grayson L. , Gong Xi‐Wen , Li Xi‐Yan , Quan Li‐Na , Li Pei‐Cheng , Xie Jia‐Qi , Sargent Edward H. , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExcitons play the central role in organic optoelectronic devices. Efficient exciton‐to‐photon and photon‐to‐electron conversion promote quantum yield in optoelectronic devices such as organic light‐emitting diodes and organic solar cells. Exciton‐related reaction products and defects in working devices have previously been viewed as fatal to stability. Here, the utilization of these excitonic reactions to create luminescent defects with extremely high (6.7%) external quantum efficiency in an operating device containing 1,1‐bis((di‐4‐tolylamino)phenyl) cyclohexane (TAPC) is reported. Transient photoluminescence reveals a long delayed fluorescence lifetime (2.7 µs) from these emissive defects, indicating that they exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence. It is shown that the functional group of tri‐p‐tolylamine (TPTA) follows similar processes as TAPC, suggesting that the chemical nature of the observed luminescent defects is directly related to TPTA.
Strong Exciton–Photon Coupling in Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Perovskite Micro/Nanowires
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Shang Qiuyu , Du Wenna , Shi Jia , Wu Zhiyong , Mi Yang , Chen Jie , Liu Fengjing , Li Yuanzheng , Liu Mei , Zhang Qing , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently, inorganic–organic perovskite nanowires with strong photon confinement and isotropy have attracted considerable attention for advanced applications in optoelectronic devices from lasers and photodetectors to transistors. Moreover, their high exciton oscillation strength and binding energy make them very promising for polariton devices in the strong light–matter interaction region. This study presents the strong exciton–photon coupling in hybrid inorganic–organic CH3NH3PbBr3 micro/nanowire cavities at room temperature. Clear anticrossing feature is observed by using remote excitation photoluminescence emission spectroscopy with vacuum Rabi splitting energy up to 390 meV. The observed vacuum Rabi splitting energy of up to ≈390 meV (0.32 × 3.66 µm2) is attributed to large oscillator strength and photon confinement in reduced dimension of the micro/nanowire based Fabry–Pérot cavities. With increasing pump fluence, the exciton–photon coupling is weakened because of carrier screening effect, which leads to the occurrence of photonic lasing instead of polariton lasing. The demonstrated strong exciton–photon coupling in perovskite micro/nanowire cavities is significant for the development of high performance polariton‐based incoherent and coherent light sources, nonlinear optics, and slow light applications.
Wiring up Liquid Metal: Stable and Robust Electrical Contacts Enabled by Printable Graphene Inks
Authors: Secor Ethan B. , Cook Alexander B. , Tabor Christopher E. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGallium‐based liquid metal alloys (GaLMAs) are a unique class of advanced materials with the potential to offer unprecedented opportunities in stretchable and reconfigurable electronics. Despite their promise, the development of liquid metal electronics must overcome several challenges for widespread application. In particular, stable electrical contacts have been identified as a critical challenge for the integration of GaLMAs in electronic circuits and systems. Since gallium alloys rapidly with most metals, GaLMAs lead to unstable or mechanically sensitive interfaces when combined with metal electrodes or interconnects, thereby preventing the reliable integration of eutectic gallium‐indium (eGaIn) functionality with conventional electronics. Here, printed graphene is demonstrated as a reliable and high‐performance interfacial layer to enable electrical connections to eGaIn. A thin film (≈100 nm) of graphene printed between conventional silver leads and eGaIn acts as a physical barrier, effectively passivating the surface against alloying while retaining the ability to conduct current across the interface. Moreover, graphene interfacial contacts offer excellent durability, with thermal stability to 300 °C, robust tolerance to mechanical bending, and chemical inertness. By leveraging this unique strategy to stabilize liquid metal contacts, a reconfigurable liquid metal electrical switch is fabricated with significantly improved longevity.
High Seebeck Coefficient and Power Factor in n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Zuo Guangzheng , Li Zhaojun , Wang Ergang , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe n‐type thermoelectric properties of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are investigated for different solution‐based doping methods. A novel inverse‐sequential doping method where the semiconductor (PCBM) is deposited on a previously cast dopant 4‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline film to achieve a very high power factor PF ≈ 35 µW m−1 K−2 with a conductivity σ ≈ 40 S m−1 is introduced. It is also shown that n‐type organic semiconductors obey the −1/4 power law relation between Seebeck coefficient S and σ that are previously found for p‐type materials. An analytical model on basis of variable range hopping unifies these results. The power law for n‐type materials is shifted toward higher conductivities by two orders of magnitude with respect to that of p‐type, suggesting strongly that n‐type organic semiconductors can eventually become superior to their p‐type counterparts. Adding a small fraction lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital material (core‐cyanated naphthalene diimide) into PCBM leads to a higher S for inverse‐sequential doping but not for bulk doping due to different morphologies.
Trauma‐Informed Care for Individuals with Serious Mental Illness: An Avenue for Community Psychology's Involvement in Community Mental Health
Authors: Mihelicova Martina , Brown Molly , Shuman Valery 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIndividuals with serious mental illness are at particularly high risk for trauma; however, service environments with which they interact may not always be trauma‐informed. While community mental health and other human services settings are moving toward trauma‐informed care (TIC) service delivery, a variety of TIC frameworks exist without consensus regarding operationalization, thereby leading to challenges in implementation. TIC is principle‐driven and presents substantial overlap with community psychology values and competencies, including ecological frameworks, second‐order change, empowerment, and citizen participation. One way to address barriers to TIC implementation is to draw on the strengths of the field of community psychology. With a particular emphasis on the applicability of TIC to individuals with serious mental illness, this paper identifies key implementation issues and recommends future directions for community psychologists in clarifying the service framework, its adaptation to specific service contexts, and improving delivery through consultation and evaluation. Community psychologists may work with various disciplines involved in the TIC field to together promote a more conscious, actionable shift in service delivery.
Digital radiomorphometric analysis of the frontal sinus and assessment of the relation between persistent metopic suture and frontal sinus development
Authors: Nikolova Silviya , Toneva Diana , Georgiev Ivan , Lazarov Nikolai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to establish the frequency of the frontal sinus (FS) aplasia, to compare metopic and nonmetopic series and thus to assess the relationship between the preservation of metopic suture and FS development.Materials and methodsFSs were investigated in 230 dry skulls of adult males distributed into control (137) and metopic (93) series. They were visualized through industrial digital radiography.ResultsIn the control series, the FS aplasia was observed in 12.41% of the skulls, and it was mostly unilateral (8.76%) than bilateral (3.65%). The left‐sided aplasia (5.11%) slightly prevailed over the right‐sided one (3.65%). In the metopic series, the aplasia was observed with a frequency of 19.35%, and the bilateral aplasia (7.53%) was rarer that the unilateral one (11.83%), while the right‐sided aplasia was clearly predominant (9.68%) compared to the left‐sided one (2.15%).DiscussionThe significant differences between both series showed a tendency for the persistence of metopic suture to be frequently related with FS underdevelopment in the vertical plate of the frontal bone, but in cases of pneumatization, it was preferentially on the left side. Taking into account that the cranial hypertension leads to suture diastasis and hinders development of the FS, it could be suggested that persistence of the metopic suture along with underdevelopment of the FS in nonsyndromic adults could be an expression of an elevated intracranial pressure during early development as an after‐effect of certain condition.
High‐Temperature and High‐Energy‐Density Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)
Authors: Zhang Zhongbo , Wang David H. , Litt Morton H. , Tan Loon‐Seng , Zhu Lei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new class of high‐temperature dipolar polymers based on sulfonylated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SO2‐PPO) was synthesized by post‐polymer functionalization. Owing to the efficient rotation of highly polar methylsulfonyl side groups below the glass transition temperature (Tg≈220 °C), the dipolar polarization of these SO2‐PPOs was enhanced, and thus the dielectric constant was high. Consequently, the discharge energy density reached up to 22 J cm−3. Owing to its high Tg , the SO2‐PPO25 sample also exhibited a low dielectric loss. For example, the dissipation factor (tan δ) was 0.003, and the discharge efficiency at 800 MV m−1 was 92 %. Therefore, these dipolar glass polymers are promising for high‐temperature, high‐energy‐density, and low‐loss electrical energy storage applications.
Charge‐Induced Secondary Structure Transformation of Amyloid‐Derived Dipeptide Assemblies from β‐Sheet to α‐Helix
Authors: Xing Ruirui , Yuan Chengqian , Li Shukun , Song Jingwen , Li Junbai , Yan Xuehai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSecondary structures such as α‐helix and β‐sheet are the major structural motifs within the three‐dimensional geometry of proteins. Therefore, structure transitions from β‐sheet to α‐helix not only can serve as an effective strategy for the therapy of neurological diseases through the inhibition of β‐sheet aggregation but also extend the application of α‐helix fibrils in biomedicine. Herein, we present a charge‐induced secondary structure transition of amyloid‐derived dipeptide assemblies from β‐sheet to α‐helix. We unravel that the electrostatic (charge) repulsion between the C‐terminal charges of the dipeptide molecules are responsible for the conversion of the secondary structure. This finding provides a new perspective to understanding the secondary structure formation and transformation in the supramolecular organization and life activity.
Die Schöne (WCA) und das (kationische) Biest: Neues aus der Chemie von und mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen
Authors: Riddlestone Ian M. , Kraft Anne , Schaefer Julia , Krossing Ingo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn einen Übersichtsartikel aus dem Jahre 2004 anknüpfend, wird hier über den strukturellen Aufbau, die Stabilität und die Anwendungen moderner schwach koordinierender Anionen (weakly coordinating anions, WCAs) berichtet, aber auch über Fortschritte der “klassischen” WCAs. In tabellarischer Form werden sowohl Ausgangsverbindungen zur Einführung einer Vielzahl von WCAs als auch deren physikochemische Eigenschaften zusammengefasst. Damit lässt sich für mögliche Anwendungen gut beurteilen, wie WCAs am besten in vorgegebene Systeme inkorporiert werden können. Die angeführten Anwendungsbeispiele für WCAs sind breit gestreut, eigene Abschnitte bilden aber die Schwerpunkte Übergangsmetallkomplexe, katalytische Anwendungen und Leitsalze für elektrochemische Anwendungen.
Taming the Cationic Beast: Novel Developments in the Synthesis and Application of Weakly Coordinating Anions
Authors: Riddlestone Ian M. , Kraft Anne , Schaefer Julia , Krossing Ingo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis Review gives a comprehensive overview of the most topical weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) and contains information on WCA design, stability, and applications. As an update to the 2004 review, developments in common classes of WCA are included. Methods for the incorporation of WCAs into a given system are discussed and advice given on how to best choose a method for the introduction of a particular WCA. A series of starting materials for a large number of WCA precursors and references are tabulated as a useful resource when looking for procedures to prepare WCAs. Furthermore, a collection of scales that allow the performance of a WCA, or its underlying Lewis acid, to be judged is collated with some advice on how to use them. The examples chosen to illustrate WCA developments are taken from a broad selection of topics where WCAs play a role. In addition a section focusing on transition metal and catalysis applications as well as supporting electrolytes is also included.