bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature and Nitrogen Effects on Phosphorus Uptake by Agricultural Stream‐Bed Sediments
Authors: McDowell Richard W. , Elkin Kyle R. , Kleinman Peter J.A. 
Published: February 2017

Climate change will likely increase the growing season, temperatures, and ratio of nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) loss from land to water. However, it is unknown how these factors influence P concentrations in streams. We sought to evaluate differences in biotic and abiotic processes affecting stream sediment P dynamics under different temperature and N‐enrichment regimes. Three sediments of varying P composition and sorption characteristics were placed into a fluvarium. Synthetic runoff water, with or without added N, was added to the flume's reservoir, and the solution was maintained at 19 or 26°C. Water and sediment samples were taken with time since runoff was introduced. The rate and magnitude of P uptake by sediment was greater at 19°C compared with 26°C, and also when N was added compared with no N added. Analysis of sediment samples indicated that P uptake via abiotic processes was greater at 19 than at 26°C. The addition of N stimulated P uptake by the microbial biomass at 19°C, but microbial uptake was potentially inhibited at 26°C. Because microbial biomass is a temporary store of P, these data suggest that more P may be available with increasing temperatures during the growing season, especially under baseflow, implying that strategies to mitigate P losses from land to water should be strengthened to prevent potential water quality impairment.Core Ideas
Climate change will boost stream temperatures, N inputs, and P limitation of algae.
P uptake from runoff was greater at 19°C with added N than at 26°C without N.
Uptake at 19°C was attributed to sorption, but also to the microbial biomass.
Uptake by microbial biomass at 26°C was inhibited and P may be released.
Climate change may increase baseflow P requiring runoff inputs to be better mitigated.
Lead and Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Speciation as a Function of Soil Particle Size
Authors: Karna Ranju R. , Noerpel Matt , Betts Aaron R. , Scheckel Kirk G. 
Published: February 2017

Bioavailability research of soil metals has advanced considerably from default values to validated in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) assays for site‐specific risk assessment. Previously, USEPA determined that the soil‐size fraction representative of dermal adherence and consequent soil ingestion was <250 μm. This size fraction was widely used in testing efforts for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. However, recent studies indicate the <150‐μm size fraction better represents the particle size that adheres to skin for potential ingestion. At issue is the relevance of validated in vivo and in vitro methods developed with <250 μm moving to the <150‐μm fraction. The objectives of this study were to investigate <250‐μm versus <150‐μm particle size and particle size groups for evaluating lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) IVBA and speciation. Soils with different properties were homogenized, oven dried, and sieved: <250 to > 150, <150 to >75, <75 to >38, and <38 μm. Sieved versus ground subsamples of <250‐μm and <150‐μm bulk soils were also used for IVBA and synchrotron‐based Pb and As speciation. Although we observed an increase in total and IVBA‐extractable Pb and As with decreased soil particle size, changes in %IVBA of Pb and As (dependent on the ratio extractable:total) remained consistent in all of the tested soils. No significant changes in Pb and As speciation were observed across the soil fractions. The results suggest that using the more relevant <150‐μm fraction will not undermine currently validated IVBA protocols in future bioavailability studies.Core Ideas
Identified critical knowledge gaps regarding the <250‐μm vs. <150‐μm particle size used for IVBA.
Wider implementation of the <150‐μm size fraction maintains past validation with <‐250 μm fraction.
Regardless of increase in total and extractable Pb and As, %IVBA results remained consistent.
Using <150‐μm particle size for IVBA requires much higher volumes/masses of soils.
Synchrotron‐based speciation is significant in bioavailability studies to understand the fate and transport of contaminants.
Spatially Resolved Elemental Analysis, Spectroscopy and Diffraction at the GSECARS Sector at the Advanced Photon Source
Authors: Sutton Stephen R. , Lanzirotti Antonio , Newville Matthew , Rivers Mark L. , Eng Peter , Lefticariu Liliana 
Published: February 2017

X‐ray microprobes (XRM) coupled with high‐brightness synchrotron X‐ray facilities are powerful tools for environmental biogeochemistry research. One such instrument, the XRM at the Geo Soil Enviro Center for Advanced Radiation Sources Sector 13 at the Advanced Photon Source (APS; Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL) was recently improved as part of a canted undulator geometry upgrade of the insertion device port, effectively doubling the available undulator beam time and extending the operating energy of the branch supporting the XRM down to the sulfur K edge (2.3 keV). Capabilities include rapid, high‐resolution, elemental imaging including fluorescence microtomography, microscale X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy including sulfur K edge capability, and microscale X‐ray diffraction. These capabilities are advantageous for (i) two‐dimensional elemental mapping of relatively large samples at high resolution, with the dwell times typically limited only by the count times needed to obtain usable counting statistics for low concentration elements, (ii) three‐dimensional imaging of internal elemental distributions in fragile hydrated specimens, such as biological tissues, avoiding the need for physical slicing, (iii) spatially resolved speciation determinations of contaminants in environmental materials, and (iv) identification of contaminant host phases. In this paper, we describe the XRM instrumentation, techniques, applications demonstrating these capabilities, and prospects for further improvements associated with the proposed upgrade of the APS.Core Ideas
X‐ray microprobes are powerful tools for environmental biogeochemistry.
Upgraded GSECARS XRM operates down to the sulfur K edge.
Capabilities: spatially resolved elemental analysis, spectroscopy, and diffraction.
Advanced Photon Source upgrade will further advance XRM capabilities.
Biological filtration with and without prior in-line coagulation to reduce UF fouling by secondary effluent
Authors: Aly Samia A. , Anderson William B. , Huck Peter M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The objectives of this research were to investigate biofiltration prior to ultrafiltration (UF) for treatment of secondary effluent. Biofiltration with and without prior in-line coagulation was assessed for UF membrane fouling reduction. Two parallel pilot-scale biofilters, each with different media (sand vs. anthracite), were operated under identical conditions at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.75 m/h. A component of this investigation included the in-line application of a 1.0 mg/L dose of ferric sulfate prior to an anthracite biofilter. All UF membrane fouling experiments were conducted at bench-scale at a constant flux of 32 L/m2h (LMH). The sand (BF1) and anthracite biofilters (BF2) removed on average 25 and 20%, respectively, of the biopolymer fraction of the effluent organic matter. Humic substances were less well removed at about 10%, while biofilter influent turbidity was reduced by 75 and 70% through BF1 and BF2, respectively. Feeding the UF membrane with biofilter effluent (no prior coagulant addition) substantially reduced both hydraulically reversible and irreversible membrane fouling by up to 60 and 80%, respectively. Hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling were further reduced (up to 69 and 87%, respectively) by the integration of the in-line coagulation/biofiltration pre-treatment processes compared to biofiltration alone.
Influence of Geometric Changes in the Thoracic Aorta due to Arterial Switch Operations on the Wall Shear Stress Distribution
Authors: Fukui Tomohiro , Asama Hiroaki , Kimura Manabu , Itoi Toshiyuki , Morinishi Koji 
Published: February 2017

Background:The transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is one of the most severe congenital heart diseases. The arterial switch operation (ASO) is the preferred procedure to treat TGA. Although numerous reports have shown good results after ASOs, some patients suffer from circulatory system problems following the procedure. One reason for problems post-ASO is the local changes in the curvature and torsion of the thoracic aorta.Objective:The influence of these geometric changes on the blood flow field needs to be investigated in detail to consider possible cardiovascular problems after an ASO.Method:In this study, we conduct blood flow simulations in the thoracic aorta post-ASO, evaluate geometric changes in the aorta due to the ASO in terms of curvature and torsion, and consider the effect of geometric changes on blood flow in the aorta.Results:It was found that a large curvature near the aortic root causes an increase in the maximal wall shear stress value in the middle systole. Moreover, a large torsion results in a circumferential change in the maximal wall shear stress region. It was also found that the maximal wall shear stress in the post-ASO models is significantly higher than that in the normal models. This indicates that the aortic aneurysm initiation risk for a post-ASO artery may be higher than that of a normal artery.Conclusion:To reduce the risk of initiating an aneurism, it is suggested that the curvature near the aortic root should be decreased during the ASO.
Ethnomedical Health Care Practices among the Satar tribe of Nepal: Linking to Development Agenda
Authors: Adhikari Lal Mani 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Ethno medical Health Care Practices (EMHCP) so called traditional medicine or indigenous developing affordability of health care have increased, between as well as within populations the world over. Access to appropriate healthcare is increasingly being acknowledged as a health countries. care practices Inequities are in widely availability, adopted accessibility, phenomenon acceptability especially and in human right through international instruments such as the United Nations Human Rights Commission, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the WHO. In the recent past there has been increasing interests in integration of EMHCP relevance to public health globally. In this context, there is a critical need to mainstream EMHCP into public health care to achieve the objective of improved access to healthcare facilities.Method: The study based on Primary data, conducted in Satar community which is sixth-most predominant ethnic group by population in Jhapa district of Nepal. Using Semi-structured tool as the data collection; cross sectional descriptive study was employed. The male household heads of Satar aged 24-49 years are selected as primary respondents. Fifty sampling units from 5 VDCs were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data are analyzed through Frequency and descriptive statistics to describe the preference of medication practices in common illnesses over 4 "A"s of health seeking behavior, attitude and satisfaction towards EMHCP comparing with modern medication.Result and Discussion : Overall two-third (64%) of Satar population adopts the EMHCP as majority of population has been cured through Traditional medication (50%) followed by Faith healers (32.1%) for the most common illnesses. The Illiterate category seek EMHCP more frequently with compared to the Literate Category which was found strongly significant (P<0.01). There is no significant difference between Poor and Rich category (p>0.8). However, the overall frequency of EMHCP users in both category found quite high (68%) with comparison to Modern medication. The analysis of 4 "As" model in health seeking practices, EMHCP users can afford the EMHCP compared to Modern medication users for seeking Modern medication which was found very significant (P<0.001). The availability, accessibility and Acceptability frequency for EMHCP is very high compared to the Modern medicine providing the composite score 0.938 vs. 0.740 respectively. The mean attitudinal scale of EMHCP over the modern medicine found to be 4.12 out of 5 which is very significant.Conclusion: EMHCP phenomenon is widely prevalent in the disadvantaged and marginalized ethnic societies. People adopted different types of EMHCP according to their available choices in the common public health problems for their various health needs.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, Page: 55-65
Complex Organic Molecules Formation in Space Through Gas Phase Reactions: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Redondo Pilar , Barrientos Carmen , Largo Antonio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Chemistry in the interstellar medium (ISM) is capable of producing complex organic molecules (COMs) of great importance to astrobiology. Gas phase and grain surface chemistry almost certainly both contribute to COM formation. Amino acids as building blocks of proteins are some of the most interesting COMs. The simplest one, glycine, has been characterized in meteorites and comets and, its conclusive detection in the ISM seems to be highly plausible. In this work, we analyze the gas phase reaction of glycine and

to establish the role of this process in the formation of alanine or other COMs in the ISM. Formation of protonated α- and β-alanine in spite of being exothermic processes is not viable under interstellar conditions because the different paths leading to these isomers present net activation energies. Nevertheless, glycine can evolve to protonated 1-imide-2, 2-propanediol, protonated amino acetone, protonated hydroxyacetone, and protonated propionic acid. However, formation of acetic acid and protonated methylamine is also a favorable process and therefore will be a competitive channel with the evolution of glycine to COMs.
Vertical Advection Effects on Hyper-accretion Disks and Potential Link between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Kilonovae
Authors: Yi Tuan , Gu Wei-Min , Yuan Feng , Liu Tong , Mu Hui-Jun 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent simulations on super-Eddington accretion flows have shown that, apart from the diffusion process, the vertical advection based on magnetic buoyancy can be a more efficient process to release the trapped photons in the optically thick disk. As a consequence, the radiative luminosity from the accretion disk can be far beyond the Eddington value. Following this spirit, we revisit the structure and radiation of hyper-accretion disks with mass accretion rates in the range of

. Our results show that, due to the strong cooling through the vertical advection, the disk temperature becomes lower than that in the classic model without the vertical advection process, and therefore the neutrino luminosity from the disk is lower. On the other hand, the gamma-ray photons released through the vertical advection can be extremely super-Eddington. We argue that the large amount of escaped gamma-ray photons may have more significant contribution to the primordial fireball than the neutrino annihilation, and may hint at a link between gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae in the black hole hyper-accretion scenario.
Modeling the Gravitational Potential of a Cosmological Dark Matter Halo with Stellar Streams
Authors: Sanderson Robyn E. , Hartke Johanna , Helmi Amina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Stellar streams result from the tidal disruption of satellites and star clusters as they orbit a host galaxy, and can be very sensitive probes of the gravitational potential of the host system. We select and study narrow stellar streams formed in a Milky-Way-like dark matter halo of the Aquarius suite of cosmological simulations, to determine if these streams can be used to constrain the present day characteristic parameters of the halo’s gravitational potential. We find that orbits integrated in both spherical and triaxial static Navarro–Frenk–White potentials reproduce the locations and kinematics of the various streams reasonably well. To quantify this further, we determine the best-fit potential parameters by maximizing the amount of clustering of the stream stars in the space of their actions. We show that using our set of Aquarius streams, we recover a mass profile that is consistent with the spherically averaged dark matter profile of the host halo, although we ignored both triaxiality and time evolution in the fit. This gives us confidence that such methods can be applied to the many streams that will be discovered by the Gaia mission to determine the gravitational potential of our Galaxy.
Stratégies de défense et exclusion sociale : la suradaptation paradoxale des sans domicile fixe (SDF)
Authors: Chevalier Julie , Langlard Gaétan , Le Maléfan Pascal , Bouteyre  Évelyne 
Published: February 2017

Dans notre société, certaines conditions de vie des personnes dites « sans domicile fixe » mettent les dispositifs d’aide sociale dans l’impuissance : comment comprendre les conduites de ces personnes « SDF » qui se retrouvent en dehors des prises en charge parce qu’elles refusent l’hébergement d’urgence ou parce qu’elles acquièrent un animal ? Nos recherches doctorales auprès de ces populations SDF nous ont permis de mettre en lumière cette problématique. Ces refus, d’apparence manifestes, sous-tendent de réels enjeux de survie psychique qui favorisent une suradapation de ces personnes à leur situation de SDF. C’est à condition d’identifier ces dynamiques que les dispositifs pourront adapter leur prise en charge à ceux qui, jusque-là, en étaient privés.
Les annonces d’offre d’emploi : une information publique mais ciblée
Authors: de Larquier Guillemette , Rieucau Géraldine 
Published: February 2017

D’après les enquêtes Emploi (2003-2012), les annonces représentent en France la première source d’information sur les emplois : près de huit chercheurs d’emploi sur dix les étudient, mais près d’un sur deux n’y répond pas et, in fine , moins de 7 % des salariés ont trouvé leur emploi par ce biais. Pour analyser le fonctionnement de ce canal, l’article met en évidence l’autosélection des chercheurs d’emploi que les annonces induisent et la sélection sans médiation des candidats qui trouvent leur emploi en répondant à une annonce plutôt que par un autre canal. Il apparaît que le diplôme sélectionne à toutes les étapes et que les emplois trouvés sont le plus souvent en CDI et appartiennent à la catégorie des professions intermédiaires. Classification JEL : J01, J64, D83.
Valorisation de la création et propriété industrielle dans le modèle culturel japonais : le cas de Sumitomo Electric
Authors: Leboulanger Christine , Perdrieu-Maudière Françoise 
Published: February 2017

A partir d’une analyse technométrique des brevets déposés par Sumitomo dans le domaine des supraconducteurs, cette étude empirique révèle les mécanismes de valorisation de la création. Son modèle d’affaires privilégie quatre axes : la motivation, la collaboration, le résultat et la reconnaissance. La citation des inventeurs et la co-titularité des brevets sont les principaux leviers. Aussi dans un contexte culturel et légal en pleine mutation, ce leader en haute technologie a-t-il perçu la nécessité d’attirer et de garder des ressources humaines de haute qualité.
La profitabilité dans le premier plan d’affaires imprimé en France (1569-1612)
Authors: Marco Luc , Noumen Robert 
Published: February 2017

Quand a été édité le premier plan d’affaires français ? Sur quel type d’entreprise portait-il ? Le processus de retour d’investissement était-il dans le titre ? Autant de questions qu’il faut se poser pour faire une histoire des plans d’affaires en France. Et comme ce document est imprimé au plus fort de la révolution agricole qui secoue l’Europe en cette fin de la Renaissance, il faut aussi s’intéresser aux aspects gestionnaires du texte : que sont les coûts, les charges, les produits et les besoins visés ? Les profits annoncés sont-ils réalistes ?
A search for the common ground between Tic; Obsessive-compulsive and Autism Spectrum Disorders: part I, Tic disorders
Authors: Barnhill Jarrett , Bedford James , Crowley James , Soda Takahiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article is the first of four articles designed to explore the complex interrelationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); Obsessive compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRD) and Tic Disorders/Tourette's Syndrome (TD/TS). We begin with an overview TD/TS and follow-up with reviews of OCRD and ASD. The final article in this series represents a synthesis of the neurobiological and genetic markers shared by patients presenting with all three syndromes. The goal is to describe the complex endophenotype of these patients in an effort to better define gene markers that underlie these heterogeneous clinical syndromes. Tic disorders (TD) are a collection of hyperkinetic movements that begin in early childhood. Tics are transient for most affected preschool children but a subgroup development persistent movements or progress to develop Tourette Syndrome (TS). TDs as a group display high heritability rates but definitive gene markers still elude us. The difficulty defining genetic markers is in large part due to the diverse neurodevelopmental trajectory, changing topography and typology, development of a broad spectrum of neurocognitive and behavioral complications, and a mixed pattern of psychiatric comorbidities.
Motivational Orientations and Variables of Korean Learners
Authors: Oh Kyoungwon , Cheon Sang Yee 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Learners' motivation is one of the most significant factors in successful language learning. Learners' motivation of learning a second language (L2) has been researched in depth since the 1960s, and there have been several studies examining the motivational orientations (MOs) of Korean learners. The present study investigates Korean learners' MOs according to different learner variables. First, the statistical results show that the most important variable for learners of Korean is major. Korean-major participants showed stronger motivation than their non-Korean-major counterparts. This may have been closely related to the program they are in as most of the participants are Korean Flagship majors. Second, the heritage language (HL) variable did not show a significant effect on the MOs. This lack of influence of the HL variable on learners' motivations is probably due to the socio-environmental uniqueness of the state of Hawaii, where Koreans are not a real ethnic minority. Thus, learners' MOs for learning Korean in order to confirm their identity may not have been as strong as learners on the U.S. mainland. Lastly, the increased instrumental MO shown in higher level learners is clearly based on practical reasons.