bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Intravenous Antibiotic Duration for Urinary Tract Infections in Young Infants
Authors: Lewis-de los Angeles William W. , Thurm Cary , Hersh Adam L. , Shah Samir S. , Smith Michael J. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Parker Sarah K. , Newland Jason G. , Kronman Matthew P. , Lee Brian R. , Brogan Thomas V. , Courter Joshua D. , Spaulding Alicen , Patel Sameer J. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES:
To assess trends in the duration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants ≤60 days old between 2005 and 2015 and determine if the duration of IV antibiotic treatment is associated with readmission.

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of infants ≤60 days old diagnosed with a UTI who were admitted to a children’s hospital and received IV antibiotics. Infants were excluded if they had a previous surgery or comorbidities, bacteremia, or admission to the ICU. Data were analyzed from the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2005 through 2015. The primary outcome was readmission within 30 days for a UTI.

RESULTS:
The proportion of infants ≤60 days old receiving 4 or more days of IV antibiotics (long IV treatment) decreased from 50% in 2005 to 19% in 2015. The proportion of infants ≤60 days old receiving long IV treatment at 46 children’s hospitals varied between 3% and 59% and did not correlate with readmission (correlation coefficient 0.13; P = .37). In multivariable analysis, readmission for a UTI was associated with younger age and female sex but not duration of IV antibiotic therapy (adjusted odds ratio for long IV treatment: 0.93 [95% confidence interval 0.52–1.67]).

CONCLUSIONS:
The proportion of infants ≤60 days old receiving long IV treatment decreased substantially from 2005 to 2015 without an increase in hospital readmissions. These findings support the safety of short-course IV antibiotic therapy for appropriately selected neonates.
La carga de la prueba en procedimientos de cirugía plástica en Colombia
Authors: López Oliva José 
Published: November 2017

Existen dos procedimientos de cirugía plástica: la estética que pretende la armonía física de la persona, y la reconstructiva o reparadora, que busca restaurar una lesión en el cuerpo. En este tipo de intervenciones quirúrgicas se pueden generar complicaciones causadas por los profesionales no idóneos, o por procedimientos efectuados en lugares que no cumplen con los requisitos de habilitación en salud. Así mismo, pueden ser ocasionados por la utilización de materiales no autorizados o no idóneos para la normal ejecución del contrato médico. Cuando el prestador del servicio médico es un particular, el conflicto se dirime en la jurisdicción ordinaria civil, donde el juez tiene la posibilidad de aplicar la doctrina de la carga dinámica de la prueba o en su defecto, la inversión de la carga de la misma.
El presente artículo es producto de una investigación cualitativa de naturaleza exploratoria de reflexión de tipo bibliográfico con el objetivo de analizar, interpretar y criticar la situación actual en Colombia, relacionada con la aplicación de la carga dinámica de la prueba, en procesos por responsabilidad civil que son derivados de cirugías plásticas estéticas o con fines reconstructivos. Al finalizar la investigación se concluye que la doctrina de la carga dinámica de la prueba lesiona los derechos de las víctimas de un daño, porque el paciente desconoce los términos, procedimientos y protocolos médicos utilizados en la prestación del servicio.
Análisis a la integración local caso la fortaleza
Authors: León Villán Ana Marisol , Rodríguez Vargas Claudia Liliana , Leal Esper Yamal Elías 
Published: November 2017

A nivel Internacional como Nacional uno de los flagelos que más daño les hace a los países es el “desplazamiento forzado”, toda vez que miles de personas tienen que salir de sus lugares de origen, por diversas causas (conflicto armado, catástrofes naturales, violencia generalizada), y llegar a un nuevo territorio, recurriendo en muchos casos al derecho de asilo. Sin embargo y a pesar de que, en los ordenamientos jurídicos internos, como en el caso colombiano, existen medidas que permiten el retorno o la reubicación brindando una atención integral, todavía encontramos casos como el del asentamiento humano “La Fortaleza” en la ciudad de Cúcuta Departamento Norte de Santander.
El asentamiento se encuentra ubicado al costado del anillo vial occidental de la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta, el terreno lleva habitado por población en su mayoría desplazados quienes son poseedores desde hace aproximadamente siete (7) años.
Uno de los mayores problemas que vive este asentamiento humano es la desatención del Estado Colombiano, sobre las más de mil (1000) personas que viven en situaciones precarias, sumado a esto tienen la incertidumbre de que en cualquier momento pueda presentar el desalojo situación que se hace más gravosa pues carecen de servicios básicos (agua, luz y alcantarillado).
A Changed Taxonomy Of Retail Financial Ratios
Authors: Zeller Thomas L. , Kostolansky John , Bozoudis Michail 
Published: November 2017

Thirty-five years ago researchers established a taxonomy of retail financial ratios. During the intervening period, extensive changes in retailing practices have been accompanied by equally extensive changes in financial reporting, marketing and management methods. Financial reporting standards have adapted to reflect these new domestic and international business practices, while technological innovation has produced continually evolving hardware and software advancements.
This study investigates the extent to which the taxonomy of retail financial ratios has changed and, if justified, will establish a revised taxonomy. It extends prior work in two ways. First, it utilizes advanced statistical methodologies and computing technologies to provide a more discriminating investigation than previous researchers were capable of conducting. Second, this study investigates the current taxonomy of retail industry financial ratios as well as its stability over a ten-year period.
Our findings identify a shift in the retail sector taxonomy of financial ratios. Empirical analysis points to a taxonomy consisting of five factors: capital intensiveness, cash position, inventory turnover, return on assets-return on sales, and return on equity-leverage. Contrary to expectations, a separate operating cash flow factor was not identified, despite the emergence of a mandatory cash flow statement during the intervening period. These findings provide an empirical basis to formulate testable hypotheses regarding the predictive and descriptive utility of retail financial ratios.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Past, Present, And Success Strategy For The Future
Authors: Ahmadian Ahmad , Khosrowpour Shahrzad 
Published: November 2017

Recently, scholars and managers have devoted greater attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its strategic implications. With more awareness surrounding the topic it would be expected for there to be a consensus on a definition, but as of yet none has been reached. The lack of a universally accepted definition has led some to define it as a term, a concept, a process, a theory, while others simply call it an activity or set of activities (Hazlett & Murray, 2007). CSR has been also captioned under many names. Terms such as corporate citizenship, global citizenship, corporate social responsiveness, strategic philanthropy, and even spiritual capitalism are sometimes used interchangeably, depending on the organization to use it. Often, these numerous monikers and interpretations lead to confusion amongst those intending to study or implement the practice into their business strategy.
This uncertainty on how CSR should be defined has led some academics and practitioners to believe that the concept is void of any definition. Contrary to this belief, others find that there is an overabundance of definitions; many of which are “often biased toward specific interests and thus prevent the development and implementation of the concept” (Dahlsrud, 2008). Our study focuses on the importance of CSR and why it’s becoming so prevalent in any organizations. By studying the history of CSR, its many definitions, as well as its implementation methods, we attempt to suggest strategic alternatives for an effective corporate social responsibility.
Implementation of CRM Strategies to Increase Customer Loyalty, Case of Kazakhstan Companies
Authors: Akhmedov Ramis 
Published: November 2017

<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td width="618"><p align="center"> </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="618"><p>In the conditions of growing dynamics and complexity of the competitive world, the formation of loyalty is not an easy task, thus underscoring the need for companies to consider various strategic options and programs to survive and flourish. One such program is customer relationship management (CRM). Each organization seeks to maintain and use critical information about the needs and choices of customers to make them satisfied and loyal. This study suggests that customer relationship management generally affects customer satisfaction and its impact on customer loyalty. The research population was a customer of the company "Business Event Network". The SPSS program was used for the analysis. The results of testing the study showed that 102 respondents were able to explain the relationship between customer relationship management (CRM), customer satisfaction and customer loyalty "Business Event Network" company. The result shows that customer relationship management has a significant impact on customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction significantly impact on customer loyalty.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
The Pragmatics of Film Language and Sentence in the Creation of African Myths in Nigerian Movies: An Evaluation of Obi Emelonye’s The Mirror Boy
Authors: Ugwu Agozie 
Published: November 2017

<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" width="618"><p align="center"> </p></td></tr><tr><td width="168"><p align="center"> </p></td><td width="265"><p align="center"> </p></td><td width="186"><p align="center"> </p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="618"><p>African myths or mythological reality of African extractions is one major source of raw materials the Nigerian movie industry popularly called Nollyword explores as an avenue for generating content for their films. Mythological realities like the appearance of the dead, re-incarnation, potency of the gods, life after death, the communion between the living and the dead and many more often times are represented in the Nigerian movies. Art evidently is a representation of the people’s culture. It is also a vehicle through which the people’s culture is driven. Myths are part of African culture and their efficacy in the preservation and sustenance of Nigerian culture appears to be the reason why the representation of mythological reality in Nigerian films has become a recurring decimal. It appears that the representation of mythological reality in Nigeria movies is yet to attain a level where the audience will be submerged into the world of the myths. This is because the potential audience has a consciousness and a preconceived idea of how these characters should be represented due to the archetypal nature of mythical characters. The audience should not through these representations have doubts over the potency of the African and Nigerian myths. To achieve this level of reality in the depiction of mythological reality, this chapter advocates for a pragmatic utilisation of the film sentence and language. The Mirror Boy released in 2011 a film by Obi Emelonye is used as case study to establish the roles of film language and sentence in the representation of mythological reality.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Unique Mixtures of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants: A New Approach To Enhance Surfactant Performance in Liquids-Rich Shale Reservoirs
Authors: He Kai , Xu Liang 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Surfactants are important components in fracturing fluids for helping ensure higher productivity from unconventional reservoirs. Conventional wisdom suggests that surfactant mixtures generally exhibit better performance than individual surfactants. In addition, the synergism between surfactants increases with the degree of charge difference. Some current commercial surfactants were formulated by mixing nonionic and anionic surfactants (Sn/a), but few were formulated by mixing anionic and cationic (Sa/c) surfactants because of the risk of precipitation or formulation instability.
This paper discusses binary mixtures of Sa/c surfactants prepared with different mole ratios to determine their synergisms; mixtures of nonionic/anionic (Sn/a) and nonionic/cationic (Sn/c) surfactants are also compared. Surface/interfacial properties [maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum molecular area (Amin), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG)] and interaction parameters (βm and βs) in both the mixed micelle and interface were quantified to demonstrate the synergistic effect between various surfactants. In addition, the potential application of these mixtures for unconventional treatments was examined with regard to emulsion behavior and column-packed oil-recovery testing.
The results for the Sa/c surfactant mixtures show that, compared with the parent species, Γmax of the Sa/c system is approximately one order of magnitude higher (corresponding to one order of magnitude lower in Amin). The resultant CMC is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of the parent species, and the ΔG of Sa/c is more negative. Notably, the interaction parameters further indicate that strong synergism exists for the Sa/c system at various mole ratios in both mixed micelle and monolayers at the interface (with an optimized ratio at 2:3), whereas for the Sn/a system, weak synergism was identified in the mixed micelle at the mole ratio of 3:2. No synergism was observed for the Sn/c system.
In addition, phase-behavior testing indicated that a weak emulsion was formed in the presence of the Sa/c by use of Eagle Ford crude oil. Column-flooding testing also revealed improved oil recovery of the Sa/c system compared with individual species. The synergistic effect between Sa/c surfactant mixtures, as well as the laboratory results of the emulsion behavior and oil recovery, suggests a new practice for applying Sa/c surfactant blends for unconventional applications.
Screening for Chilling‐Tolerant Soybeans at the Flowering Stage Using a Seed Yield‐ and Maturity‐Based Evaluation Method
Authors: Yamaguchi Naoya , Ohnishi Shizen , Miyoshi Tomoaki 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTCold weather damages soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crops in high‐latitude countries. The decreased seed yields caused by low temperatures are attributed to three main factors: poor growth during the early growth stage, abscission of flowers and pods at the flowering stage, and insufficient grain filling at the pod‐filling stage. The abscission of flowers and pods is the most important factor that contributes to reduced yields. There are differences in chilling tolerance among cultivars developed in Japan at the flowering stage. This study screened for chilling‐tolerant (CT) soybeans developed in high‐latitude countries, such as Canada, Switzerland, Poland, and the Czech Republic. For the screening, plants were subjected to a 28‐d chilling‐temperature treatment after flowering in a phytotron, and six CT cultivars, ‘Maple Arrow’, ‘AC Proteus’, ‘Ceresia, Pelvoux’, ‘Silvia’, and ‘Mazowia’, were found by focusing on seed yield and maturity. These six CT cultivars matured earlier and had greater yields than Japanese cultivars in the field under severe chilling conditions. Moreover, we developed five breeding lines derived from a cross of the CT cultivars Mazowia and ‘Toyoharuka’ (TH). All five breeding lines matured earlier than TH and had yields similar to that of TH in the field under normal conditions. Phytotron tests revealed that the chilling tolerance levels of two of the breeding lines were slightly greater than that of TH. The six CT cultivars found in this study will be useful for chilling tolerance breeding.
Soil Quality Improvement through Conversion to Sprinkler Irrigation
Authors: Ippolito James A. , Bjorneberg David , Stott Diane , Karlen Doug 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Long‐term furrow irrigation has caused soil erosional losses.
Sprinkler irrigation is considered a water conservation practice.
Conversion from furrow to sprinkler irrigation improves soil quality in degraded field areas.
Conversion from furrow to sprinkler irrigation is a recommended conservation practice for improved water‐use efficiency (and erosion control), but effects on soil quality indicators are unknown. Several soil quality indicators were therefore quantified within a northwestern United States Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) watershed after changing from long‐term furrow to sprinkler irrigation. Four on‐farm sites were identified where producers were growing irrigated barley (Hordecum vulgare L.) using both irrigation practices. Climate, soil type, and management were similar between sites. Soil samples were collected from the upper and lower ends of furrow irrigated fields at three in‐field positions (bed, shoulder, and furrow); fields converted to sprinkler irrigation were sampled where the upper and lower ends were when the field was furrow irrigated. Soil quality indices (physical, chemical, biological, nutrient, and overall) were computed using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF). Regardless of in‐field position, furrow irrigated field bottoms had higher soil quality index scores than field tops because of long‐term erosional deposition. Within sprinkler irrigated fields, soil quality indices for field tops and bottoms showed minimal differences. Overall, when all sampling locations and in‐field positions were combined, soil quality was similar for both irrigation methods. However, as compared with furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation had greater soil quality indices in the field tops, suggesting that sprinkler irrigation improved soil quality of historically eroded furrow irrigated fields.
The role of chemical products at low doses in preventing the proliferation of bacteria in dental unit waterlines: the ICX® experience
Authors: Ditommaso Savina , Giacomuzzi Monica , Ricciardi Elisa , Garbuio Roberto , Zotti Carla M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this study we evaluated (1) the efficacy of a protocol that combines hydrogen peroxide (shock treatment) and ICX® tablets (continuous treatment) for the control of microbial contamination in dental unit water lines, and (2) the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ICX® tablets on collection and wild strains isolated from dental chair output waters. To assess the treatment effectiveness, the microbial load in the output water samples of three dental chairs were investigated: one control chair received only shock treatment. In vitro bactericidal activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Data obtained from samples collected from chairs treated with ICX® and shock treatment and data from the control chair did not differ significantly on the basis of microbial load. In the in vitro study, the product was unable to kill Gram-negative bacteria. These results show that the continuous introduction of ICX® was not effective in maintaining low counts of the heterotrophic bacteria in the output water of dental devices, and shock treatment may be needed more frequently than monthly.
Pool water quality and prevalence of microbes in filter backwash from metro-Atlanta swimming pools
Authors: Murphy Jennifer L. , Hlavsa Michele C. , Carter Brittany C. , Miller Candace , Jothikumar Narayanan , Gerth Taryn R. , Beach Michael J. , Hill Vincent R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
During the 2012 summer swim season, aquatic venue data and filter backwash samples were collected from 127 metro-Atlanta pools. Last-recorded water chemistry measures indicated 98% (157/161) of samples were from pools with ≥1 mg/L residual chlorine without stabilized chlorine or ≥2 mg/L with stabilized chlorine and 89% (144/161) had pH readings 7.2–7.8. These water quality parameters are consistent with the 2016 Model Aquatic Health Code (2nd edition) recommendations. We used previously validated real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of seven enteric microbes, including Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli was detected in 58% (93/161) of samples, signifying that swimmers likely introduced fecal material into pool water. P. aeruginosa was detected in 59% (95/161) of samples, indicating contamination from swimmers or biofilm growth on surfaces. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were each detected in approximately 1% of samples. These findings indicate the need for aquatics staff, state and local environmental health practitioners, and swimmers to each take steps to minimize the risk of transmission of infectious pathogens.
Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Elderly Patients Suffering Fragility Fractures; The Road not Taken
Authors: Saini Aaron K. , Dawe Edward J.C. , Thompson Simon M. , Rosson John W. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation in elderly patients may decrease the risk of hip fracture by up to one-third. Many patients suffering fragility fractures do not go on to receive this treatment despite clear recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). The aim of this study was to audit the proportion of patients admitted with a hip fracture who had suffered a previous fragility fracture and were taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, with the standard being that all of these patients should have been taking bone protection. We also aimed to assess the Vitamin D levels of patients admitted with a hip fracture to our unit.

Methods:
Patients were prospectively added to a database over a 12-month period. Serum vitamin D levels (25-OH D3) were measured on admission and case-notes were reviewed for pre-injury social function and mobility.

Results:
147 patients were included in the study. Median age was 85 years (Interquartile range 79 – 90 (Range 53 – 100 years)). Only eighteen patients (11.4%) were taking calcium and vitamin D supplementation on admission. Forty seven patients (29%) had documented evidence of a previous fragility fracture within the last seven years. Only fourteen of these patients (19%) were receiving calcium and vitamin D supplementation. One hundred and twenty two patients were deficient in Vitamin D (76%). Twenty five patients (16%) had insufficient Vitamin D. Only the remaining 14 patients (8%) had sufficient vitamin D.

Conclusion:
Vitamin D deficiency is endemic amongst patients suffering hip fractures. Very few patients who had suffered a previous fragility fracture were taking Calcium and Vitamin D supplements when admitted with a hip fracture several years later. This is an opportunity missed.