bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic geomorphology: historical convergence towards modern practice
Authors: Orme Antony R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Geomorphology, the study of landforms and the processes that shape them, emerged in its modern form in the mid-twentieth century and continues to change. Its practice, however, derives from the convergence of discrete foundations in the Earth, water and applied sciences over the past 400 years, underpinned by advances in analysis and technology. The Earth-science foundation was built as early geologists sought to explain landforms as expressions of underlying rocks or as surrogates for vanished stratigraphies. This approach, more speculative than definitive, rarely explained the processes at work. The water and applied sciences were more discerning but only slowly came to be integrated into morphodynamic explanations. All three foundations, initially vague on time and space, emerged during the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century and were refined during the agrarian and industrial revolutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, before converging into modern practice during the electronic age of the twentieth century.
Fluid shear stress induces upregulation of COX-2 and PGI2release in endothelial cells via a pathway involving PECAM-1, PI3K, FAK, and p38
Authors: Russell-Puleri Sparkle , dela Paz Nathaniel G. , Adams Diana , Chattopadhyay Mitali , Cancel Limary , Ebong Eno , Orr A. Wayne , Frangos John A. , Tarbell John M. 
Published: December 2016

Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the regulation of vascular function in response to mechanical stimuli in both healthy and diseased states. Prostaglandin I2(PGI2) is an important antiatherogenic prostanoid and vasodilator produced in endothelial cells through the action of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. However, the mechanisms involved in sustained, shear-induced production of COX-2 and PGI2have not been elucidated but are determined in the present study. We used cultured endothelial cells exposed to steady fluid shear stress (FSS) of 10 dyn/cm2for 5 h to examine shear stress-induced induction of COX-2/PGI2. Our results demonstrate the relationship between the mechanosensor platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and the intracellular mechanoresponsive molecules phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in the FSS induction of COX-2 expression and PGI2release. Knockdown of PECAM-1 (small interference RNA) expression inhibited FSS-induced activation of α5β1-integrin, upregulation of COX-2, and release of PGI2in both bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, inhibition of the PI3K pathway (LY294002) substantially inhibited FSS activation of α5β1-integrin, upregulation of COX-2 gene and protein expression, and release of PGI2in BAECs. Inhibition of integrin-associated FAK (PF573228) and MAPK p38 (SB203580) also inhibited the shear-induced upregulation of COX-2. Finally, a PECAM-1−/−mouse model was characterized by reduced COX-2 immunostaining in the aorta and reduced plasma PGI2levels compared with wild-type mice, as well as complete inhibition of acute flow-induced PGI2release compared with wild-type animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study we determined the major mechanotransduction pathway by which blood flow-driven shear stress activates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin I2(PGI2) release in endothelial cells. Our work has demonstrated for the first time that COX-2/PGI2mechanotransduction is mediated by the mechanosensor platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1).
Effect of anisotropy on ventricular vulnerability to unidirectional block and reentry by single premature stimulation during normal sinus rhythm in rat heart
Authors: Rossi S. , Buccarello A. , Ershler P. R. , Lux R. L. , Callegari S. , Corradi D. , Carnevali L. , Sgoifo A. , Miragoli M. , Musso E. , Macchi E. 
Published: December 2016

Single high-intensity premature stimuli when applied to the ventricles during ventricular drive of an ectopic site, as in Winfree's “pinwheel experiment,” usually induce reentry arrhythmias in the normal heart, while single low-intensity stimuli barely do. Yet ventricular arrhythmia vulnerability during normal sinus rhythm remains largely unexplored. With a view to define the role of anisotropy on ventricular vulnerability to unidirectional conduction block and reentry, we revisited the pinwheel experiment with reduced constraints in the in situ rat heart. New features included single premature stimulation during normal sinus rhythm, stimulation and unipolar potential mapping from the same high-resolution epicardial electrode array, and progressive increase in stimulation strength and prematurity from diastolic threshold until arrhythmia induction. Measurements were performed with 1-ms cathodal stimuli at multiple test sites ( n = 26) in seven rats. Stimulus-induced virtual electrode polarization during sinus beat recovery phase influenced premature ventricular responses. Specifically, gradual increase in stimulus strength and prematurity progressively induced make, break, and graded-response stimulation mechanisms. Hence unidirectional conduction block occurred as follows: 1) along fiber direction, on right and left ventricular free walls ( n = 23), initiating figure-eight reentry ( n = 17) and tachycardia ( n = 12), and 2) across fiber direction, on lower interventricular septum ( n = 3), initiating spiral wave reentry ( n = 2) and tachycardia ( n = 1). Critical time window (55.1 ± 4.7 ms, 68.2 ± 6.0 ms) and stimulus strength lower limit (4.9 ± 0.6 mA) defined vulnerability to reentry. A novel finding of this study was that ventricular tachycardia evolves and is maintained by episodes of scroll-like wave and focal activation couplets. We also found that single low-intensity premature stimuli can induce repetitive ventricular response ( n = 13) characterized by focal activations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We performed ventricular cathodal point stimulation during sinus rhythm by progressively increasing stimulus strength and prematurity. Virtual electrode polarization and recovery gradient progressively induced make, break, and graded-response stimulation mechanisms. Unidirectional conduction block occurred along or across fiber direction, initiating figure-eight or spiral wave reentry, respectively, and tachycardia sustained by scroll wave and focal activations.
Association of Estrogen Metabolism with Breast Cancer Risk in Different Cohorts of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sampson Joshua N. , Falk Roni T. , Schairer Catherine , Moore Steven C. , Fuhrman Barbara J. , Dallal Cher M. , Bauer Douglas C. , Dorgan Joanne F. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Zheng Wei , Brinton Louise A. , Gail Mitchell H. , Ziegler Regina G. , Xu Xia , Hoover Robert N. , Gierach Gretchen L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Endogenous estradiol and estrone are linked causally to increased risks of breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated multiple competing hypotheses for how metabolism of these parent estrogens may influence risk. Prediagnostic concentrations of estradiol, estrone, and 13 metabolites were measured in 1,298 postmenopausal cases of breast cancer and 1,524 matched controls in four separate patient cohorts. The median time between sample collection and diagnosis was 4.4 to 12.7 years across the cohorts. Estrogen analytes were measured in serum or urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total estrogen levels (summing all 15 estrogens/estrogen metabolites) were associated strongly and positively with breast cancer risk. Normalizing total estrogen levels, we also found that a relative increase in levels of 2-hydroxylation pathway metabolites, or in the ratio of 2-hydroxylation:16-hydroxylation pathway metabolites, were associated inversely with breast cancer risk. These associations varied by total estrogen levels, with the largest risk reductions occurring in women in the highest tertile. With appropriate validation, these findings suggest opportunities for breast cancer prevention by modifying individual estrogen metabolism profiles through either lifestyle alterations or chemopreventive strategies. Cancer Res; 77(4); 918–25. ©2017 AACR.
Sunitinib Treatment Enhances Metastasis of Innately Drug-Resistant Breast Tumors
Authors: Wragg Joseph W. , Heath Victoria L. , Bicknell Roy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAntiangiogenic therapies have failed to confer survival benefits in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). However, to date, there has not been an inquiry into the roles for acquired versus innate drug resistance in this setting. In this study, we report roles for these distinct phenotypes in determining therapeutic response in a murine model of mBC resistance to the antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib. Using tumor measurement and vascular patterning approaches, we differentiated tumors displaying innate versus acquired resistance. Bioluminescent imaging of tumor metastases to the liver, lungs, and spleen revealed that sunitinib administration enhances metastasis, but only in tumors displaying innate resistance to therapy. Transcriptomic analysis of tumors displaying acquired versus innate resistance allowed the identification of specific biomarkers, many of which have a role in angiogenesis. In particular, aquaporin-1 upregulation occurred in acquired resistance, mTOR in innate resistance, and pleiotrophin in both settings, suggesting their utility as candidate diagnostics to predict drug response or to design tactics to circumvent resistance. Our results unravel specific features of antiangiogenic resistance, with potential therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 77(4); 1008–20. ©2016 AACR.
Beating the Clock in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Carroll William L. , Aifantis Iannis , Raetz Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibition was synergistic with dexamethasone and everolimus but antagonistic with conventional chemotherapy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) preclinical models. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in combination with glucocorticoids and mTOR inhibition offers a unique therapeutic opportunity in T-ALL. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 873–5. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Pikman et al., p. 1012
LIN28B Activation by PRL-3 Promotes Leukemogenesis and a Stem Cell–like Transcriptional Program in AML
Authors: Zhou Jianbiao , Chan Zit-Liang , Bi Chonglei , Lu Xiao , Chong Phyllis S.Y. , Chooi Jing-Yuan , Cheong Lip-Lee , Liu Shaw-Cheng , Ching Ying Qing , Zhou Yafeng , Osato Motomi , Tan Tuan Zea , Ng Chin Hin , Ng Siok-Bian , Wang Shi , Zeng Qi , Chng Wee-Joo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
PRL-3 (PTP4A3), a metastasis-associated phosphatase, is also upregulated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor prognosis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, constitutive expression of PRL-3 in human AML cells sustains leukemogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PRL-3 phosphatase activity dependently upregulates LIN28B, a stem cell reprogramming factor, which in turn represses the let-7 mRNA family, inducing a stem cell–like transcriptional program. Notably, elevated levels of LIN28B protein independently associate with worse survival in AML patients. Thus, these results establish a novel signaling axis involving PRL-3/LIN28B/let-7, which confers stem cell–like properties to leukemia cells that is important for leukemogenesis.
Implications: The current study offers a rationale for targeting PRL-3 as a therapeutic approach for a subset of AML patients with poor prognosis. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 294–303. ©2016 AACR.
Outros zoos: afetividade e poética dos animais de "Ave, palavra"
Authors: Borysow Vitor Da Costa 
Published: December 2016

O artigo analisa imagens de animais em cinco textos de João Guimarães Rosa publicados em Ave, palavra. Nesses textos, intitulados “Zoo”, Rosa deixa de lado a fauna sertaneja, tão característica de suas obras, e descreve animais de zoológicos e jardins públicos do Brasil e da Europa. São elencadas as similaridades e diferenças entre os contos, apontados os diversos recursos linguísticos explorados por Rosa na elaboração dessas poéticas imagens zoológicas.
Sob os quadros da casa verde: uma entrevista com Fábio Moon
Authors: Costa Lucas Piter Alves , Lopes Elisa Cristina 
Published: December 2016

Um dos quadrinistas que adaptou para o formato graphic novel obras como O alienista, Fábio Moon discute temas como a relação entre os clássicos literários e os quadrinhos, aspectos ténicos e estéticos levados em conta na passagem de uma linguagem a outra e o preconceito de alguns setores da crítica quanto a esta atividade. Palavras-chave:História em quadrinhos; O alienista; clássicos literários; adaptação.
Clinical features and short-term outcomes of cancer patients with suspected and unsuspected pulmonary embolism: the EPIPHANY study
Authors: Font Carme , Carmona-Bayonas Alberto , Beato Carmen , Reig Òscar , Sáez Antonia , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula , Plasencia Juana M. , Calvo-Temprano David , Sanchez Marcelo , Benegas Mariana , Biosca Mercedes , Varona Diego , Vicente Maria Angeles , Faez Laura , Solís Maria del Pilar , de la Haba Irma , Antonio Maite , Madridano Olga , Castañon Eduardo , Martinez María Jose , Marchena Pablo , Ramchandani Avinash , Dominguez Angel , Puerta Alejandro , Martinez de la Haza David , Pueyo Jesus , Hernandez Susana , Fernandez-Plaza Angela , Martinez-Encarnacion Lourdes , Martin Mar , Marin Gema , Ayala Francisco , Vicente Vicente , Otero Remedios 
Published: December 2016

The study aimed to identify predictors of overall 30-day mortality in cancer patients with pulmonary embolism including suspected pulmonary embolism (SPE) and unsuspected pulmonary embolism (UPE) events. Secondary outcomes included 30- and 90-day major bleeding and venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence.The study cohort included 1033 consecutive patients with pulmonary embolism from the multicentre observational ambispective EPIPHANY study (March 2006–October 2014). A subgroup of 497 patients prospectively assessed for the study were subclassified into three work-up scenarios (SPE, truly asymptomatic UPE and UPE with symptoms) to assess outcomes.The overall 30-day mortality rate was 14%. The following variables were associated with the overall 30-day mortality on multivariate analysis: VTE history, upper gastrointestinal cancers, metastatic disease, cancer progression, performance status, arterial hypotension <100 mmHg, heart rate >110 beats·min−1, basal oxygen saturation <90% and SPE (versusoverall UPE).The overall 30-day mortality was significantly lower in patients with truly asymptomatic UPE events (3%) compared with those with UPE-S (20%) and SPE (21%) (p<0.0001). Thirty- and 90-day VTE recurrence and major bleeding rates were similar in all the groups.In conclusion, variables associated with the severity of cancer and pulmonary embolism were associated with short-term mortality. Our findings may help to develop pulmonary embolism risk-assessment models in this setting.
Development and Standardization of Instrument for Measuring Integration of University Students into University Academic Culture
Authors: Esomonu Nkechi Patricia-Mary , Uzoma Okeaba James 
Published: December 2016

<p style="text-align:justify">The study developed and standardized an Inventory for measuring Students’ Integration into University Academic Culture named Inventory for Students’ Integration into University Academic Culture (ISIUAC). The increase in dropout rates, substance use, cultism and other deviant behaviours in Nigerian universities makes it necessary for one to ask the extent to which university students are integrated into the university academic culture. This necessitates the development of standardized instrument for the assessment of students’ integration into university academic culture. The Study employed an instrumentation design in which a five point scale inventory were developed and standardized. An initial draft of 60 item instrument was developed and standardized. After corrections a 58 item instrument emerged and was administered to 500 University students. The data collected were subjected to factor analysis. The result from factor analysis showed that 27 items loaded well on three factors with minimum loading of 035. The 27 items were administered to 1,000 students to establish norms. The norm for the entire instrument was 105.19, the norms of male and female students were 100.96 and 109.21 respectively. Cronbach alpha statistics was used to establish the reliability of the instrument, its result shows an internal consistency of 0.926 for the 27 items. Hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics; the result shows that there is a significant difference between the norms of male and female students. The manual of the ISIUAC shows the administration and scoring procedure of the inventory and its psychometric properties. The instrument ISIUAC is recommended therefore for assessing students’ integration into the university academic culture.</p>
Unpacking TPACK in Mathematics Education Research: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Young Jamaal Rashad 
Published: December 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;">Teaching with technology is considered a necessity in the U.S. mathematics classroom. However, few studies have established explicit considerations to support technology-enhanced student achievement. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effectiveness of technology in the mathematics classroom by systematically reviewing meta-analytic research. An exhaustive literature search was conducted. After applying a prioi inclusion criteria the pool of 65 initial meta-analyses was reduce to 13 representative studies. Each study was reviewed and characteristics were coded in four categories: (1) sample, (2) measurement, (3) design, and (4) source. An inductive review of the coded studies produced five unique moderators that were the most salient across studies. Overall mean effect sizes were retrieved or calculated from available study data. Hedges g was used as the common effect size metric for comparison across studies. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework was used to interpret the most salient moderators of effects across studies. Studies were categorized by didactical functionality and technology type. The results suggest that effects vary by didactical functionality from small to medium. The largest variations were observed for the didactical function of developing conceptual understanding. Implications for research and instructional praxis are provided.</p>
What Counts? Reflections on the Multivalence of Social Media Data
Authors: Gerlitz Carolin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Social media platforms have been characterised by their programmability, affordances, constraints and stakeholders - the question of value and valuation of platforms, their data and features has, however, received less attention in platform studies. This paper explores the specific socio-technical conditions for valuating platform data and suggests that platforms set up their data to become multivalent, that is to be valuable alongside multiple, possibly conflicting value regimes. Drawing on both platform and valuation studies, it asks how the production, storing and circulation of data, its connection to user action and the various stakeholders of platforms contribute to its valuation. Platform data, the paper suggests, is the outcome of capture systems which allow to collapse action and its capture into pre-structured data forms which remain open to divergent interpretations. Platforms offer such grammars of action both to users and other stakeholders in frontand back-ends, inviting them to produce and engage with its data following heterogeneous orders of worth. Platform data can participate in different valuation regimes at the same time - however, the paper concludes, not all actors can participate in all modes of valuation, as in the end, it is the platform that sets the conditions for participation. The paper offers a conceptual perspective to interrogate what data counts by attending to questions of quantification, its entanglement with valuation and the various technologies and stakeholders involved. It finishes with an empirical experiment to map the various ways in which Instagram data is made to count.
Visual Social Media and Big Data. Interpreting Instagram Images Posted on Twitter
Authors: Murthy Dhiraj , Gross Alexander , McGarry Marisa 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Social media such as Twitter and Instagram are fast, free, and multicast. These attributes make them particularly useful for crisis communication. However, the speed and volume also make them challenging to study. Historically, journalists controlled what/how images represented crises. Large volumes of social media can change the politics of representing disasters. However, methodologically, it is challenging to study visual social media data. Specifically, the process is usually labour-intensive, using human coding of images to discern themes and subjects. For this reason, Studies investigating social media during crises tend to examine text. In addition, application programming interfaces (APIs) for visual social media services such as Instagram and Snapchat are restrictive or even non-existent. Our work uses images posted by Instagram users on Twitter during Hurricane Sandy as a case study. This particular case is unique as it is perhaps the first US disaster where Instagram played a key role in how victims experienced Sandy. It is also the last major US disaster to take place before Instagram images were removed from Twitter feeds. Our sample consists of 11,964 Instagram images embedded into tweets during a twoweek timeline surrounding Hurricane Sandy. We found that the production and consumption of selfies, food/drink, pets, and humorous macro images highlight possible changes in the politics of representing disasters - a potential turn from top-down understandings of disasters to bottom-up, citizen informed views. Ultimately, we argue that image data produced during crises has potential value in helping us understand the social experience of disasters, but studying these types of data presents theoretical and methodological challenges.