bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-viral defence by an mRNA ADP-ribosyltransferase that blocks translation
Authors: Vassallo Christopher N. , Doering Christopher R. , Laub Michael T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHost–pathogen conflicts are crucibles of molecular innovation1,2. Selection for immunity to pathogens has driven the evolution of sophisticated immunity mechanisms throughout biology, including in bacterial defence against bacteriophages3. Here we characterize the widely distributed anti-phage defence system CmdTAC, which provides robust defence against infection by the T-even family of phages4. Our results support a model in which CmdC detects infection by sensing viral capsid proteins, ultimately leading to the activation of a toxic ADP-ribosyltransferase effector protein, CmdT. We show that newly synthesized capsid protein triggers dissociation of the chaperone CmdC from the CmdTAC complex, leading to destabilization and degradation of the antitoxin CmdA, with consequent liberation of the CmdT ADP-ribosyltransferase. Notably, CmdT does not target a protein, DNA or structured RNA, the known targets of other ADP-ribosyltransferases. Instead, CmdT modifies the N6 position of adenine in GA dinucleotides within single-stranded RNAs, leading to arrest of mRNA translation and inhibition of viral replication. Our work reveals a novel mechanism of anti-viral defence and a previously unknown but broadly distributed class of ADP-ribosyltransferases that target mRNA.
STM-based symbolic regression for strength prediction of RC deep beams and corbels
Authors: Megahed Khaled 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study uses symbolic regression with a strut-and-tie model to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams (RCDBs) and corbels (RCCs). Previous studies have proposed two distinct types of models for estimating shear capacity: explainable models based on theoretical derivations and black-box models derived from machine learning (ML) methods. This study proposes a hybrid model derived from the strut-and-tie model (STM), where the performance of STM is enhanced through the ML approach using genetic programming. This model is based on a comprehensive experimental database of 810 tests for the shear strength of RC deep beams and 371 tests for RC corbels from various research papers. The developed STM-based symbolic regression (SR-STM) integrates two distinct force-transferring mechanisms: the diagonal strut mechanism utilizing concrete strength and the truss mechanism utilizing orthogonal web reinforcement. The SR-STM model is both robust and interpretable, demonstrating high prediction accuracy with mean values of the prediction-to-actual ratios of 0.999 and 1.004 and coefficient of determination values of 0.913 and 0.862 for RCDBs and RCCs, respectively, while providing explainable mathematical expressions that align with the mechanical principles of STM. The developed SR-STM model is benchmarked against several state-of-the-art models and evaluated against the CatBoost ML technique, demonstrating acceptable performance. The results highlight the SR-STM model’s effectiveness in providing reliable predictions and valuable insights for practical engineering applications. Furthermore, a SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) analysis was performed, and its results align with the SR-STM model, confirming the model’s effectiveness in accurately capturing the key factors influencing the shear strength of RCDBs and RCCs.
Carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Neisseria species from the human oropharynx
Authors: Miari Victoria F. , Bonnin Wesley , Smith Imogen K. G. , Horney Megan F. , Saint-Geris Samer J. , Stabler Richard A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCommensal Neisseria (Nc) mainly occupy the oropharynx of humans and animals. These organisms do not typically cause disease; however, they can act as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes that can be acquired by pathogenic Neisseria species. This study characterised the carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Nc from the oropharynx of 50 participants. Carriage prevalence of Nc species was 86% with 66% of participants colonised with more than one isolate. Isolates were identified by MALDI-ToF and the most common species was N. subflava (61.4%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to penicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution and E-test was used for cefixime. Using Ng CLSI/EUCAST guidelines, Nc resistance rates were above the WHO threshold of 5% resistance in circulating strains for changing the first line treatment empirical antimicrobial: 5% (CLSI) and 13 (EUCAST) for ceftriaxone and 29.3% for azithromycin. Whole genome sequencing of 30 Nc isolates was performed, which identified AMR genes to macrolides and tetracycline. Core gene MLST clustered Nc into three main groups. Gonococcal DNA uptake sequences were identified in two Nc clusters. This suggests that Nc have the potential AMR gene pool and transfer sequences that can result in resistance transfer to pathogenic Neisseria within the nasopharyngeal niche.
Automated classification in turtles genus Malayemys using ensemble multiview image based on improved YOLOv8 with CNN
Authors: Songpan Wararat , Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Lomthaisong Khemika , Keithmaleesatti Sarun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Thailand, two snail-eating turtle species in the genus Malayemes (M. subtrijuga and M. macrocephala) are protected animals in which smuggling and trading are illegal. Recently, a new species M. khoratensis has been reported and it has not yet been considered as protected animal species. To enforce the law, species identification of Malayemes is crucial. However, it is quite challenging and requires expertise. Therefore, a simple tool, such as image analysis, to differentiate these three snail-eating species would be highly useful. This study proposes a novel ensemble multiview image processing approach for the automated classification of three turtle species in the genus Malayemys. The original YOLOv8 architecture was improved by utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) to overcome the limitations of traditional identification methods. This model captures unique morphological features by analyzing Malayemys species images from various angles, addressing challenges such as occlusion and appearance variations. The ensemble multiview strategy significantly increases the YOLOv8 classification accuracy using a comprehensive dataset, achieving an average mean average precision (mAP) of 98% for the genus Malayemys compared with the nonensemble multiview and single-view strategies. The species identification accuracy of the proposed models was validated by comparing genetic methods using mitochondrial DNA with morphological characteristics. Even though the morphological characteristics of these three species are ambiguous, the mitochondrial DNA sequences are quite distinct. Therefore, this alternative tool should be used to increase confidence in field identification. In summary, the contribution of this study not only marks a significant advancement in computational biology but also supports wildlife and turtle conservation efforts by enabling rapid, accurate species identification.
Prediction of total and regional body composition from 3D body shape
Authors: Qiao Chexuan , Rolfe Emanuella De Lucia , Mak Ethan , Sengupta Akash , Powell Richard , Watson Laura P. E. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shepherd John A. , Wareham Nicholas , Brage Soren , Cipolla Roberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate assessment of body composition is essential for evaluating the risk of chronic disease. 3D body shape, obtainable using smartphones, correlates strongly with body composition. We present a novel method that fits a 3D body mesh to a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) silhouette (emulating a single photograph) paired with anthropometric traits, and apply it to the multi-phase Fenland study comprising 12,435 adults. Using baseline data, we derive models predicting total and regional body composition metrics from these meshes. In Fenland follow-up data, all metrics were predicted with high correlations (r > 0.86). We also evaluate a smartphone app which reconstructs a 3D mesh from phone images to predict body composition metrics; this analysis also showed strong correlations (r > 0.84) for all metrics. The 3D body shape approach is a valid alternative to medical imaging that could offer accessible health parameters for monitoring the efficacy of lifestyle intervention programmes.
Using the Candidacy Framework to understand individual, interpersonal, and system level factors driving inequities in women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Estupiñán Fdez. de Mesa Mar , Marcu Afrodita , Ream Emma , Whitaker Katriina L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Persistent inequities in breast cancer outcomes exist. Understanding women’s experiences along the care pathway is the first step to finding solutions to tackle these inequities.

Methods
Secondary data analysis of the 2017/2018 English National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (n = 25,408) using logistic regression to explore inequities in care experience by sociodemographic factors (age, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, sexual orientation) across 59 survey questions. We used the Candidacy Framework to interpret and organise our findings.

Results
Compared to older (65–74) and White British women, young (35-44, OR = 0.55 [0.44, 0.69]), Asian (OR = 0.52 [0.41, 0.67]), Black (OR = 0.67 [0.46, 0.97]) and White Other (OR = 0.63 [0.49, 0.81]) women were more likely to rate their overall care experience less positively, respectively. Similar findings were observed along all domains of the cancer pathway. Through a candidacy lens, we identified multilevel factors related to this variation including prolonged help-seeking behaviours (individual), poor patient-provider communication (interpersonal), and variation in access to healthcare professionals and resources (system level).

Conclusion
Multilevel factors influence inequities in the experience of care along the breast cancer pathway for young women and women from minoritised groups. Interventions are necessary to ensure cancer care systems are responsive to women’s health needs and provide equity of care to all patients.
Ernährung bei nicht immunologisch bedingten Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten
Authors: Römmele Petra 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungNahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten werden bei über 15 % der Erwachsenen der westlichen Bevölkerung beschrieben. Nicht selten führen sie zu einseitigem ungünstigen Ernährungsverhalten. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Ursachen und Ernährungsaspekten von nicht immunologischen Unverträglichkeiten auf Laktose, Fruktose und ausgewählten Pseudoallergien. Die Ernährungstherapie bei Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten berücksichtigt die Einschränkung der Zufuhr des auslösenden Stoffes. Eine vollständige Karenz ist jedoch meist nicht nötig, um eine vollwertige Ernährung bei Symptomfreiheit und bestmöglicher Lebensqualität zu ermöglichen.
Magnesium im Leistungssport
Authors: Kisters Lukas , Gröber Uwe , Kisters Klaus 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Leistungssport spielt das Elektrolyt Magnesium eine sehr wichtige Rolle.
Bekanntermaßen ist eine erfolgreiche sportliche Performance nur dann möglich,
wenn eine gute Magnesiumzufuhr bereits vor einem Wettkampf längerfristig
besteht, und es darf auf gar keinen Fall ein Magnesiumdefizit vorliegen.
Wissenschaftliche Publikationen der letzten Jahre zeigen eine inverse
Korrelation eines Magnesiummangels mit Laktatwerten. Besonders dynamische und
alle Ausdauersportarten erfordern eine gute Magnesiumversorgung. In zahlreichen
sportmedizinischen Studien sind bereits Berechnungen zum individuellen
Magnesiumverlust und Bedarf veröffentlicht worden. Eine Magnesiumsupplementation
ist kein Doping, aber für eine gute Leistung im Leistungssport unerlässlich.
Wirksamkeit eines Balsams aus Cistus und Rosmarin bei Schlafstörungen und anderen somatischen Beschwerden – eine Anwendungsbeobachtung
Authors: Engelbert Christian W. 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungAn 125 Probanden wurde die Wirksamkeit einer neuen Zusammensetzung mit Extrakten aus Cistus incanus L. Pandalis und Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarin) in einem Balsam auf Schlafstörungen, Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden, Verdauungsstörungen und Atembeschwerden geprüft. Bei der Selbstanwendung wurde der Balsam auf bestimmte aus der Reflexzonenlehre etablierte Hautzonen aufgetragen und die Effekte wurden mittels Fragebogen ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine positive Wirkung auf unterschiedliche Schlafstörungen. Subjektiv empfundene Herzbeschwerden, erhöhter Blutdruck, Verdauungsstörungen und unspezifische Atemstörungen konnten ebenfalls positiv beeinflusst werden. Der Lefteria Bio Balsam stellt eine Bereicherung in der begleitenden Selbstbehandlung von Schlafstörungen sowie verschiedener somatischer Beschwerden dar. Die Ergebnisse der Anwendungsbeobachtung sollten durch Studien mit klinischer Datenerfassung untermauert werden.
Aescin Inhibits Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 Induced Membrane Fusion
Authors: Ulrich Diana , Hensel Andreas , Classen Nica , Hafezi Wali , Sendker Jandirk , Kühn Joachim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInfections with Herpes simplex virus can cause severe ocular diseases and encephalitis. The present study aimed to investigate potential inhibitors of fusion between HSV-1 and the cellular membrane of the host cell. Fusion and entry of HSV-1 into the host cell is mimicked by a virus-free eukaryotic cell culture system by co-expression of the HSV-1 glycoproteins gD, gH, gL, and gB in presence of a gD receptor, resulting in excessive membrane fusion and polykaryocyte formation. A microscopic read-out was used for the screening of potential inhibitors, whereas luminometric quantification of cell-cell fusion was used in a reporter fusion assay. HSV-1 gB was tagged at its C-terminus with mCherry to express mCherry-gB in both assay systems for the visualization of the polykaryocyte formation. Reporter protein expression of SEAP was regulated by a Tet-On 3 G system. The saponin mixture aescin was identified as the specific inhibitor (IC50 7.4 µM, CC50
24.3 µM, SI 3.3) of membrane fusion. A plaque reduction assay on Vero cells reduced HSV-1 entry into cells and HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread significantly; 15 µM aescin decreased relative plaque counts to 41%, and 10 µM aescin resulted in a residual plaque size of 11% (HSV-1 17 syn+) and 2% (HSV-1 ANG path). Release of the HSV-1 progeny virus was reduced by one log step in the presence of 15 µM aescin. Virus particle integrity was mainly unaffected. Analytical investigation of aescin by UHPLC-MS revealed aescin IA and -IB and isoaescin IA and -IB as the main compounds with different functional activities. Aescin IA had the lowest IC50, the highest CC50, and an SI of > 4.6.
Perioral Rejuvenation: Lip Lifts, Corner of Mouth Lifts, and Vermillion Advancements
Authors: Perkins Stephen W. , Sturgill R. Luke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPerioral rejuvenation is a critical component in the comprehensive approach to the aging face. The perioral region—comprising the lips, philtrum, and areas surrounding the oral commissures—plays a significant role in an individual's perceived age, attractiveness, and emotional expressions. However, the perioral region is often the “forgotten area” and has the potential to undermine the success of otherwise outstanding rejuvenation surgeries. This article will shed light on 40 years of experience in perioral rejuvenation surgery, demonstrating techniques and methodologies that have consistently yielded long-term, reliable results in my practice.
Antimicrobial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Coating on Titanium 6 Aluminum 4 Vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V)-Fixed Orthodontic Retainer Substrate
Authors: Mohammed Shahbaa A. , Nahidh Mohammed , Khalaf Mohammed K. , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives Due to its excellent biocompatibility, superior mechanical qualities, and exceptional corrosion resistance, titanium 6 aluminum 4 vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy is frequently used for medical and orthodontic purposes as a fixed retainer after active orthodontic treatment. Titanium lacks the antibacterial characteristics and is bioinert, this may influence the usage of such materials in the field of biomedical applications. Bacterial adhesion to the orthodontic retainer surface is a common first step in infection; this is followed by bacterial colonization ending with the formation of a biofilm. Once biofilm forms, it is highly resistant to medicines and the host immune system's defense mechanism, making it difficult to remove the biofilm from orthodontic retainer. This study aimed to test the antimicrobial effect of a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle coating on Ti-6Al-4V orthodontic retainers.
Materials and Methods ZnO nanoparticles, with a particle size of 10 to 30 nm, were used to coat the alloy using the electrophoretic deposition method. Various parameters and surface characterization tests were employed to obtain an optimized sample. This sample was subjected to the microbial adherence optical density test to examine the adherence of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria, and Candida
albicans.
Results The optimized sample had a 5-mg/L ZnO concentration, applied voltage of 50 V, and a 1-cm distance between electrodes. The ZnO coating significantly reduced microbial adherence compared to uncoated samples, effectively inhibiting bacterial development.
Conclusion Electrophoretic deposition is an efficient and cost-effective technique for coating orthodontic titanium retainer substrates. Coating Ti-6Al-4V with ZnO nanoparticles increased the antimicrobial effectiveness of the material and as the concentration of the nanoparticles rises, the antimicrobial effect increases too.
Optimizing Decision Support Alerts to Reduce Telemetry Duration: A Multicenter Evaluation
Authors: Latifi Niloofar , Johnson Trent , Knight Amy M. , Prichett Laura , Modanloo Bahareh , Dungarani Trushar , Zakaria Sammy , Pahwa Amit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Telemetry monitoring is crucial for high-risk patients but excessive use beyond practice standards increases costs. Prior studies have shown that electronic health record (EHR) alerts reduce low-value telemetry monitoring. However, specific components of these alerts that contribute to effectiveness are unknown.
Objectives We aimed to revise previously implemented EHR Best Practice Advisories (BPAs) to optimize their effectiveness in reducing telemetry duration. The secondary objective was to assess the impact on clinicians' alert burden.
Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center (JHBMC), and Howard County General Hospital (HCGH). An EHR alert in the form of a BPA was previously implemented at JHH/JHBMC, firing at 24, 48, or 72 hours based on order indication. HCGH used an alert firing every 24 hours. A revised BPA was implemented at all hospitals optimizing the prior JHH/JHBMC alert by including patient-specific telemetry indications, restricting alerts to daytime hours (8:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m.), and embedding the discontinuation order within the BPA alert. A retrospective analysis from October 2018 to December 2021 was performed. The primary outcome was telemetry duration. The secondary outcome was the mean monthly BPA alerts per patient-day.
Results Compared with the original BPA, the revised BPA reduced telemetry duration by a mean of 6.7 hours (95% CI: 5.2–9.1 hours, p < 0.001) at JHH/JHBMC, with a minimal increase of 0.06 mean monthly BPA alerts per patient-day (p < 0.001). The BPA acceptance rate increased from 7.8 to 31.3% postintervention at JHH/JHBMC (p < 0.0001). At HCGH, the intervention led to a mean monthly reduction of 20.2 hours in telemetry duration per hospitalization (95% CI: 19.1–22.8 hours, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Optimizing EHR BPAs reduces unnecessary telemetry duration without substantially increasing clinician alert burden. This study highlights the importance of tailoring EHR alerts to enhance effectiveness and promote value-based care.
The Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis Syndrome Case with Ventricular Septal Defect Caused by a Homozygous Frameshift Variation in FLNB
Authors: Dirimtekin Esra , Ates Esra Arslan , Polat Hamza , Almus Eda , Geckinli Bilgen B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome (SCT) (OMIM: 272460), an autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by block vertebrae, carpal–tarsal synostosis, and disproportionate short stature. The clinical features of SCT include dysmorphic facial traits, cleft palate, hypoplastic tooth enamel, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, limited joint movement, and mixed hearing loss. SCT is associated with biallelic nonsense and frameshift pathogenic variants in the FLNB gene. An 8-year-old patient was referred with suspected skeletal dysplasia. The patient presented with short stature, scoliosis, carpal–tarsal synostosis, and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Clinical exome sequence analysis revealed a homozygous frameshift variation in the FLNB gene (c.219_222dup p.Met75Profs*17). No other pathogenic variations in genes related to VSD were found. This study aims to discuss novel clinical findings related to the genotype–phenotype association. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SCT with VSD.
Table-top laser-based terahertz high harmonic generation spectroscopy under magnetic fields and low temperatures
Authors: Wang X. B. , Wang H. , Yuan J. Y. , Zeng X. Y. , Cheng L. , Qi J. , Luo J. L. , Dong T. , Wang N. L. 
Published: October 2024

We have developed a terahertz (THz) nonlinear spectrometer at low temperatures (1.5–300 K) and under high magnetic fields (up to 10 T) by combining the laser-driven table-top intense THz source with a superconducting magnet. The strong-field THz pump pulse was generated from LiNbO3 crystal using the tilted-pulse-front technique and tightly focused into the center of the magnet by an off-axis parabolic mirror and a THz lens. The electric fields at the focus can achieve 500 kV/cm with a monocycle waveform and 30 kV/cm with a multicycle waveform at 0.5 THz. The sample was mounted on a low-temperature motorized rotation stage, which enables performing the polarization dependent measurements of the third harmonic generation (THG) intensity without rotating the incident THz pulses. The magnetic field direction can be rotated using a mechanical rotator, allowing for a convenient switch between Faraday and Voigt geometry. We demonstrate the excellent performance of our instrument by conducting THG measurements in the two-band superconductor MgB2 as a function of temperature, sample azimuth angle, as well as in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. The successful combination of the strong field THz source with magnetic fields enables us to study a variety of materials with magnetic-field-dependent properties of interest.
FPGA-based measurements of the relative arrival time of a high-repetition rate, quasi-cw fourth generation light source
Authors: Ponomaryov A. N. , Deinert J.-C. , de Oliveira T. V. A. G. , Ilyakov I. , Prajapati G. L. , Arshad A. , Kuntzsch M. , Gensch M. , Kovalev S. 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we demonstrate the successful implementation of reconfigurable field-programmable gate array technology into a pulse-resolved data acquisition system to achieve a femtosecond temporal resolution in ultrafast pump–probe experiments in real-time at large scale facilities. As proof of concept, electro-optic sampling of terahertz waveforms radiated by a superradiant emitter of a quasi-cw accelerator operating at a 50 kHz repetition rate and probed by an external laser system is performed. Options for up-scaling the developed technique to a MHz range of repetition rates are discussed.