bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cholesterol as a Biomarker for Suicidality in a Veteran Sample
Authors: Reuter Chuck , Caldwell Barbara , Basehore Heather 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA reduction in total cholesterol may alter the microviscosity of the brain‐cell‐membrane, reducing serotonin receptor exposure. The resulting imbalance between serotonin and dopamine may lead to an increased risk for suicidality. The objective of this research was to evaluate total cholesterol as a biological marker for suicidality in a sample of US military veterans. The study population consisted of veterans who received care at the Coatesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) and were included in the Suicide Prevention Coordinator's database for having suicidal ideation with evidence of escalating intent, a documented suicide attempt, or committed suicide between 2009 and 2015. The veterans’ medical data were obtained from the facility's computerized patient record system. The final sample was 188 observations from 128 unique veterans. Veterans with total cholesterol levels below 168 mg/dl appeared to have a higher suicide risk than those with higher levels. The cholesterol levels of veterans reporting suicidal ideation or attempt were significantly lower than the group reporting neither [F(2, 185) = 30.19, p < .001]. When data from multiple visits were available, veterans reporting suicidal ideation or attempt had experienced a significant (20%) decrease in cholesterol levels from an earlier visit in which they did not report suicidality. A latent class analysis revealed that among other differences, suicidal veterans were younger, leaner, and had more anxiety, sleep problems, and higher education than those being seen for an issue unrelated to suicidality. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of Audio‐Computer‐Assisted Self‐Interviewing With Color‐Coding and Helper Assistance (ACASI‐H) for Hmong Older Adults
Authors: Lor Maichou , Bowers Barbara J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany older adult immigrants in the US, including Hmong older adults, have limited English proficiency (LEP), and cannot read or have difficulty reading even in their first language (non‐literate [NL]). Little has been done to identify feasible data collection approaches to enable inclusion of LEP or NL populations in research, limiting knowledge about their health. This study's purpose was to test the feasibility of culturally and linguistically adapted audio computer‐assisted self‐interviewing (ACASI) with color‐labeled response categories and helper assistance (ACASI‐H) for collection of health data with Hmong older adults. Thirty dyads (older adult and a helper) completed an ACASI‐H survey with 13 health questions and a face‐to‐face debriefing interview. ACASI‐H survey completion was video‐recorded and reviewed with participants. Video review and debriefing interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Directed and conventional content analyses were used to analyze the interviews. All respondents reported that ACASI‐H survey questions were consistent with their health experience. They lacked computer experience and found ACASI‐H's interface user‐friendly. All used the pre‐recorded Hmong oral translation except for one, whose helper provided translation. Some Hmong older adults struggled with the color labeling at first, but helpers guided them to use the colors correctly. All dyads liked the color‐labeled response categories and confirmed that a helper was necessary during the survey process. Findings support use of oral survey question administration with a technologically competent helper and color‐labeled response categories when engaging LEP older adults in health‐related data collection. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing for the Introduction of Cycled Light for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brandon Debra H. , Silva Susan G. , Park Jinhee , Malcolm William , Kamhawy Heba , Holditch‐Davis Diane 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDay‐night cycled light improves health outcomes in preterm infants, yet the best time to institute cycled light is unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that extremely preterm infants receiving early cycled light would have better health and developmental outcomes than infants receiving late cycled light. Infants born at ≤28 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to early cycled light (ECL) starting at 28 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA] or late cycled light (LCL), starting at 36 weeks PMA. Daylight was 200–600 lux and night was 5–30 lux. Primary outcomes were weight over time and length of hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were hospital costs, sleep development, and neurodevelopment at 9, 18, and 24 months corrected age. Of 121 infants randomized, 118 were included in analysis. Weight gain in the two groups did not differ significantly but increased across time in both groups. In PMA weeks 36–44, the mean weight gain was 193.8 grams in the ECL group compared to 176.3 grams in the LCL group. Effect sizes for weight were Cohen d = 0.26 and 0.36 for 36 and 44 weeks PMA. Infants in the ECL group went home an average of 5.5 days earlier than the LCL group, but this difference was not statistically significant. There were no group differences on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although statistically non‐significant, clinically important differences of improved weight gain and decreased hospital stay were observed with ECL. The small observed effect sizes on weight during hospitalization should be considered in future cycled light research with extremely preterm infants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Omentin treatment of epicardial fat improves its anti‐inflammatory activity and paracrine benefit on smooth muscle cells
Authors: Fernández‐Trasancos Ángel , Agra Rosa María , García‐Acuña Jose María , Fernández Ángel Luis , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , Eiras Sonia 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in coronary artery disease is insulin resistant and has a proinflammatory profile. This study examined the regulation of EAT by exogenous omentin and its consequence on vascular cells.MethodsStromal vascular cells (SC) of EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from patients who underwent heart surgery were cultured and exposed to adipogenic factors with or without omentin. Proinflammatory cytokine regulation by omentin was analyzed in SC and mature adipocytes. Glucose uptake by EAT and SAT explants was determined after insulin, omentin, or combined treatment. Human vascular cells were exposed to secretomes of SC, with and without omentin treatment. Migration of smooth muscle cells and expression of adhesion molecules were determined by wound healing or real‐time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.ResultsOmentin treatment raised adipogenesis‐induced adiponectin levels on SC of EAT and reduced TNF‐α expression levels (0.58 ± 0.14‐fold change; P = 0.034) in mature adipocytes. Omentin improved the insulin activity of EAT and SAT explants from cardiovascular disease patients. Finally, secretomes of SC under omentin treatment reduced the migration of smooth muscle cells.ConclusionsExogenous omentin might support a cardioprotective role through its effect on EAT regarding glucose uptake, anti‐inflammatory response, and its paracrine role on smooth muscle cells.
Effect of the structure of titanium–magnesium catalysts on the morphology of polyethylene produced
Authors: Mikenas Tatiana B. , Koshevoy Evgeny I. , Zakharov Vladimir A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe structure and formation of polyethylene (PE) particles on supported titanium–magnesium catalysts having different structural characteristics (sizes of microcrystallites, mesopores, and subparticles) were studied for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify structural elements of the polymer particles formed over such catalysts and to reveal morphological changes in the growing polymer particles when the yield was increased from approximately 0.2 g PE/g catalyst to approximately 13 kg PE/g catalyst. A relationship was found between structural characteristics of the porous catalyst particles, morphology of the nascent polymer particles, and bulk density of the polymer powder. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2298–2308
Patient and caregiver perspectives on decision support for symptom and quality of life management during cancer treatment: Implications for eHealth
Authors: Cooley Mary E. , Nayak Manan M. , Abrahm Janet L. , Braun Ilana M. , Rabin Michael S. , Brzozowski Jane , Lathan Christopher , Berry Donna L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesAdequate symptom and quality‐of‐life (SQL) management is a priority during cancer treatment. eHealth is a timely way to enhance patient‐engagement, facilitate communication, and improve health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to describe patient and caregivers' perspectives for providing, processing, and managing SQL data to enhance communication and identify desired components for decision support.MethodsData were collected from 64 participants through questionnaires and focus groups. Analysis was conducted using NVivo. Open and axial coding was completed, grouping commonalities and large constructs into nodes to identify and synthesize themes.ResultsFace‐to‐face meetings with clinicians were the prime time to communicate, and patients strove to understand treatment options and the effect on SQL by bringing caregivers to their visits, taking notes, tracking symptoms, and creating portable health records. Patients/caregivers struggled to self‐manage their symptoms and were uncertain when to contact clinicians when experiencing uncontrolled symptoms. Most participants identified eHealth solutions for decision support. However, 38% of participants (n = 24) rarely used computers and identified non‐eHealth options for decision support. Core components for both eHealth and non‐eHealth systems were access to (1) cancer information, (2) medical records, (3) peer support, and (4) improved support and understanding on when to contact clinicians.ConclusionsPatients were faced with an overwhelming amount of information and relied on their caregivers to help navigate the complexities of cancer care and self‐manage SQL. Health technologies can provide informational support; however, decision support needs to span multiple venues to avoid increasing disparities caused by a digital divide.
Psychosocial outcomes in active treatment through survivorship
Authors: Reed Sarah C. , Bell Janice F. , Whitney Robin , Lash Rebecca , Kim Katherine K. , Bold Richard J. , Joseph Jill G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study is to understand potential differences in psychosocial outcomes from active treatment to survivorship.MethodsUsing the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Supplement (n = 1360), we examined and compared psychosocial outcomes among respondents in active treatment with survivors by year(s) since treatment ended. Survey‐weighted regression models were used to test associations between year(s) since treatment and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐2), psychological distress (K6), and cancer‐specific worry related to recurrence.ResultsUnadjusted estimates showed no significant differences in depressive symptoms or psychological distress between those in active treatment and cancer survivors at any time posttreatment. In contrast, the prevalence of cancer‐specific worry was lowest among survivors more than 5 years since treatment (10%), slightly higher among those with less than 1 year since treatment (15%), and highest among those in active treatment (32%). In models controlled for sociodemographic and health‐related covariates, the year(s) since treatment ended was inversely associated with the odds of cancer‐specific worry but was not associated with depressive symptoms or psychological distress.ConclusionsIn this population‐based sample, worry about cancer recurrence may diminish with years since treatment ended, while depressive symptoms and distress are persistent across the trajectory. These findings highlight unmet psychosocial needs among cancer survivors and demonstrate the importance of targeted interventions across the survivorship continuum.
Immobilization methods for the rapid total chemical synthesis of proteins on microtiter plates
Authors: Zitterbart Robert , Krumrey Michael , Seitz Oliver 
Published: April 2017

The chemical synthesis of proteins typically involves the solid‐phase peptide synthesis of unprotected peptide fragments that are stitched together in solution by native chemical ligation (NCL). The process is slow, and throughput is limited because of the need for repeated high performance liquid chromatography purification steps after both solid‐phase peptide synthesis and NCL. With an aim to provide faster access to functional proteins and to accelerate the functional analysis of synthetic proteins by parallelization, we developed a method for the high performance liquid chromatography‐free synthesis of proteins on the surface of microtiter plates. The method relies on solid‐phase synthesis of unprotected peptide fragments, immobilization of the C‐terminal fragment and on‐surface NCL with an unprotected peptide thioester in crude form. Herein, we describe the development of a suitable immobilization chemistry. We compared (i) formation of nickel(II)‐oligohistidine complexes, (ii) Cu‐based [2 + 3] alkine–azide cycloaddition and (iii) hydrazone ligation. The comparative study identified the hydrazone ligation as most suitable. The sequence of immobilization via hydrazone ligation, on‐surface NCL and radical desulfurization furnished the targeted SH3 domains in near quantitative yield. The synthetic proteins were functional as demonstrated by an on‐surface fluorescence‐based saturation binding analysis. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of passive sampler collection for atmospheric NO2 isotopes under simulated environmental conditions
Authors: Coughlin Justin G. , Yu Zhongjie , Elliott Emily M. 
Published: April 2017

RationaleNitrogen oxides or NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) play an important role in air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate. The isotopic compositions of anthropogenic and natural NO2 sources are wide‐ranging, and they can be used to constrain sources of ambient NO2 and associated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds. While passive sample collection of NO2 isotopes has been used in field studies to determine NOx source influences on atmospheric deposition, this approach has not been evaluated for accuracy or precision under different environmental conditions.MethodsThe efficacy of NO2 passive sampler collection for NO2 isotopes was evaluated under varied temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions in a dynamic flux chamber. The precision and accuracy of the filter NO2 collection as nitrite (NO2–) for isotopic analysis were determined using a reference NO2 gas tank and through inter‐calibration with a modified EPA Method 7. The bacterial denitrifer method was used to convert 20 μM of collected NO2– or nitrate (NO3–) into N2O and was carried out on an Isoprime continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Resultsδ15N‐NO2 values determined from passive NO2 collection, in conditions of 11–34 °C, 1–78% RH, have an overall accuracy and precision of ±2.1 ‰, and individual run precision of ±0.6 ‰. δ18O‐NO2 values obtained from passive NO2 sampler collection, under the same conditions, have an overall precision of ± 1.3 ‰.ConclusionsSuitable conditions for passive sampler collection of NO2 isotopes are in environments ranging from 11 to 34 °C and 1 to 78% RH. The passive NO2 isotope measurement technique provides an accurate method to determine variations in atmospheric δ15N‐NO2 values and a precise method for determining atmospheric δ18O‐NO2 values. The ability to measure NO2 isotopes over spatial gradients at the same temporal resolution provides a unique perspective on the extent and seasonality of fluctuations in atmospheric NO2 isotopic compositions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects of spintronics based on 2D materials
Authors: Feng Yuan Ping , Shen Lei , Yang Ming , Wang Aizhu , Zeng Minggang , Wu Qingyun , Chintalapati Sandhya , Chang Ching‐Ray 
Published: April 2017

Spintronics holds the promise for future information technologies. Devices based on manipulation of spin are most likely to replace the current silicon complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor devices that are based on manipulation of charge. The challenge is to identify or design materials that can be used to generate, detect, and manipulate spin. Since the successful isolation of graphene and other two‐dimensional (2D) materials, there has been a strong focus on spintronics based on 2D materials due to their attractive properties, and much progress has been made, both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we summarize recent developments in spintronics based on 2D materials. We focus mainly on materials of truly 2D nature, that is, atomic crystal layers such as graphene, phosphorene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, and others, but also highlight current research foci in heterostructures or interfaces. In particular, we emphasize roles played by computation based on first‐principles methods which has contributed significantly in the designs of spintronic materials and devices. We also highlight challenges and suggest possible directions for further studies. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1313. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1313This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
A survey of itemset mining
Authors: Fournier‐Viger Philippe , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei , Vo Bay , Chi Tin Truong , Zhang Ji , Le Hoai Bac 
Published: April 2017

Itemset mining is an important subfield of data mining, which consists of discovering interesting and useful patterns in transaction databases. The traditional task of frequent itemset mining is to discover groups of items (itemsets) that appear frequently together in transactions made by customers. Although itemset mining was designed for market basket analysis, it can be viewed more generally as the task of discovering groups of attribute values frequently cooccurring in databases. Because of its numerous applications in domains such as bioinformatics, text mining, product recommendation, e‐learning, and web click stream analysis, itemset mining has become a popular research area. This study provides an up‐to‐date survey that can serve both as an introduction and as a guide to recent advances and opportunities in the field. The problem of frequent itemset mining and its applications are described. Moreover, main approaches and strategies to solve itemset mining problems are presented, as well as their characteristics are provided. Limitations of traditional frequent itemset mining approaches are also highlighted, and extensions of the task of itemset mining are presented such as high‐utility itemset mining, rare itemset mining, fuzzy itemset mining, and uncertain itemset mining. This study also discusses research opportunities and the relationship to other popular pattern mining problems, such as sequential pattern mining, episode mining, subgraph mining, and association rule mining. Main open‐source libraries of itemset mining implementations are also briefly presented.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2017, 7:e1207. doi: 10.1002/widm.1207This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Association RulesTechnologies > Association Rules
Physiological, metabolic and biotechnological features of extremely thermophilic microorganisms
Authors: Counts James A. , Zeldes Benjamin M. , Lee Laura L. , Straub Christopher T. , Adams Michael W.W. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: April 2017

The current upper thermal limit for life as we know it is approximately 120°C. Microorganisms that grow optimally at temperatures of 75°C and above are usually referred to as ‘extreme thermophiles’ and include both bacteria and archaea. For over a century, there has been great scientific curiosity in the basic tenets that support life in thermal biotopes on earth and potentially on other solar bodies. Extreme thermophiles can be aerobes, anaerobes, autotrophs, heterotrophs, or chemolithotrophs, and are found in diverse environments including shallow marine fissures, deep sea hydrothermal vents, terrestrial hot springs—basically, anywhere there is hot water. Initial efforts to study extreme thermophiles faced challenges with their isolation from difficult to access locales, problems with their cultivation in laboratories, and lack of molecular tools. Fortunately, because of their relatively small genomes, many extreme thermophiles were among the first organisms to be sequenced, thereby opening up the application of systems biology‐based methods to probe their unique physiological, metabolic and biotechnological features. The bacterial genera Caldicellulosiruptor, Thermotoga and Thermus, and the archaea belonging to the orders Thermococcales and Sulfolobales, are among the most studied extreme thermophiles to date. The recent emergence of genetic tools for many of these organisms provides the opportunity to move beyond basic discovery and manipulation to biotechnologically relevant applications of metabolic engineering. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1377. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1377This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
A History of Israel
Authors: Bregman Ahron 
Published: April 2017

A History of Israel examines Israel's turbulent history from the first Zionist Congress of 1897 to the present day. Drawing on his considerable experience as historian and journalist, Ahron Bregman offers a balanced exploration of Israel’s past in which the three principal driving themes of Jewish immigration, wars, and attempts to forge peace with Arabs and Palestinians combine into a single compelling narrative.
New insights, revelations appearing in print for the first time, and portraits of Israeli leaders, past and present, are adeptly woven together with an overview of major events. This incisive book will be welcomed by all with an interest in the fascinating history of Israel.