bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor drives increased splenic monopoiesis in old mice
Authors: Loukov Dessi , Naidoo Avee , Puchta Alicja , Marin Jorge L Arredondo , Bowdish Dawn M E 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Aging is accompanied by changes in hematopoiesis and consequently in leukocyte phenotype and function. Although age-related changes in bone marrow hematopoiesis are fairly well documented, changes in extramedullary hematopoiesis are less well described. We observed that 18–22-mo-old mice had larger spleens than young controls and found that the enlargement was caused by increased monopoiesis. Because extramedullary hematopoiesis is often driven by inflammation, we hypothesized that the chronic, low-level inflammation that occurs with age is a causal agent in splenomegaly. To test this theory, we compared the number of monocytes in 18-mo-old tumor necrosis factor–knockout mice, which are protected from age-associated inflammation, and found that they did not have increased extramedullary monopoiesis. To determine whether increased splenic monopoiesis is caused by intrinsic changes in the myeloid precursors that occur with age or by the aging microenvironment, we created heterochronic bone marrow chimeras. Increased splenic monopoiesis occurred in old recipient mice, regardless of the age of the donor mouse, but not in young recipient mice, demonstrating that these cells respond to signals from the microenvironment. These data suggest that decreasing the inflammatory microenvironment with age would be an effective strategy for reducing inflammatory diseases propagated by cells of myeloid lineage, which increase in number with age.
Two common misconceptions of the Russian constitutional theory
Authors: Краснов Михаил , Krasnov Mikhail 
Published: April 2016

This article attempts to show that, firstly, incorrect
to assume Soviet constitution of its own constitution, as they
have no idea of constitutionalism, rejects the official doctrine.
The second common thesis that the author also evaluates as
incorrect, that the USSR Constitution of 1936 (&#34;Stalin Constitution&#34;)
was &#34;democratic&#34; and even supposedly &#34;for his time
the most democratic in the world&#34;, but could not prevent massive
repression. The author comes to the conclusion that the
Soviet reality adequately reflect the letter and spirit of the constitution.
LEGAL STATUS OF THIRD PARTIES TO A CONTRACT IN ENGLISH LAW
Authors: Чурилов Алексей , Churilov Aleksei 
Published: April 2016

This article covers basics of the legal status of third parties in
English common law, in particular, from the established in 1861 socalled
privity rule viewpoint. The author explains some of developed
by court exceptions, which established a possibility to enforce contract
by a third party, and a possibility to recover damages by the third party.
Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 is of special interest.
The public interest and Mongolian digital television transition
Authors: Baasanjav Undrah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Since 2010 Mongolian television has been in transition from analogue to digital. This article introduces the process of digital transition of television, and then discusses challenges television stations face in terms of the audio-visual market and policies. The Mongolian media market has structural constraints typical to those in the small media states. In addition, new challenges like the financial dependency on the mining sector tax, an unsustainable number of politically affiliated commercial television stations, and the remnants of socialist institutional routines in media organizations also shape the television sector in Mongolia. The study also explores the state of public interest media services and opportunities due to the increasing convergence of television with the Internet. The arguments are built based on an analyses of existing legal and market studies, and in-depth interview data with professionals representing media, government and civil society institutions in Mongolia.
The singular photograph in durational time
Authors: Little Eileen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Freud’s formal work on mourning would indicate that in order to be successful at it you must detach from your cathexis to the loved object; yet he said to the poet Hilda Doolittle (and she writes this as an aside in a book written after her own analysis with the doctor [Tribute to Freud]) that he remembered the last war year very well (World War I), as that year he lost his favourite daughter, Sophie, to the Spanish flu epidemic, but that, in fact, she was not lost. ‘“She is here”, he said, and he showed me a tiny locket he wore, fastened to his watch chain’ (H.D. [1984] 2012: 128).
The ‘blameless physician’ (as H.D. calls him) did not want to let go of Sophie and would have held a photograph in his hand many times every day as he checked the time, closed the locket, put it back into his pocket. This article investigates a social media site as that contemporary ‘pocket’ in which we might place a cherished photograph, thus the tension between the durational time of the artefact and the time(s)-in-motion of the networked image.
Post-glacial acidification of two alpine lakes (Sudetes Mts., SW Poland), as inferred from diatom analyses
Authors: Sienkiewicz Elwira 
Published: April 2016

Abstract Past environmental changes in mountain lakes can be reconstructed with the use of subfossil diatoms from post-glacial sediments. This study applied such an analysis to two mountain lakes in the Sudetes Mts. in Poland: Mały Staw (MS) and Wielki Staw (WS). Cores 882 cm long (MS) and 1100 cm long (WS) taken from the centre of each lake in 1982 were used to study the long-term acidification history of these lakes. Changes in vegetation indicate that the initial phase of MS started at the end of the Pleistocene. WS sediments began to accumulate shortly after that, at the beginning of the Holocene. The majority of the diatom assemblages are typical of oligotrophic acidic lakes located in alpine and arctic regions. A pH reconstruction based on diatoms (DI-pH) showed long-term acidification dating to almost the beginning of the lakes’ existence. Natural acidification began after the deglaciation, and the most intensive acidification continued to the end of the mid-Holocene. Through the whole period studied, pH decreased by 1.4 in MS and 0.9 in WS. After a period of relatively stable lake water pH, it decreased rapidly during the last few decades of the 20th century, due to anthropogenic pollution: pH declined by 0.7 in MS and 0.3 in WS. Mały Staw, being shallower, smaller, and with a larger drainage basin than Wielki Staw, is more sensitive to acid deposition; this accounts for the difference in pH.
Nonlinear analysis of vehicle control actuations based on controlled invariant sets
Authors: Németh Balázs , Gáspár Péter , Péni Tamás 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the paper, an analysis method is applied to the lateral stabilization problem of vehicle systems. The aim is to find the largest state-space region in which the lateral stability of the vehicle can be guaranteed by the peak-bounded control input. In the analysis, the nonlinear polynomial sum-of-squares programming method is applied. A practical computation technique is developed to calculate the maximum controlled invariant set of the system. The method calculates the maximum controlled invariant sets of the steering and braking control systems at various velocities and road conditions. Illustration examples show that, depending on the environments, different vehicle dynamic regions can be reached and stabilized by these controllers. The results can be applied to the theoretical basis of their interventions into the vehicle control system.
Robust fault detection of singular LPV systems with multiple time–varying delays
Authors: Hassanabadi Amir Hossein , Shafiee Masoud , Puig Vicenç 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the robust fault detection problem for LPV singular delayed systems in the presence of disturbances and actuator faults is considered. For both disturbance decoupling and actuator fault detection, an unknown input observer (UIO) is proposed. The aim is to compute a residual signal which has minimum sensitivity to disturbances while having maximum sensitivity to faults. Robustness to unknown inputs is formulated in the sense of the ℋ∞-norm by means of the bounded real lemma (BRL) for LPV delayed systems. In order to formulate fault sensitivity conditions, a reference model which characterizes the ideal residual behavior in a faulty situation is considered. The residual error with respect to this reference model is computed. Then, the maximization of the residual fault effect is converted to minimization of its effect on the residual error and is addressed by using the BRL. The compromise between the unknown input effect and the fault effect on the residual is translated into a multi-objective optimization problem with some LMI constraints. In order to show the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method, a part of the Barcelona sewer system is considered.
Connections between object classification criteria using an ultrasonic bi–sonar system
Authors: Kreczmer Bogdan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The paper presents connections between the criteria which make three types of objects possible to be recognized, namely, edges, planes and corners. These criteria can be applied while a binaural sonar system is used. It is shown that the criteria are specific forms of a general equation. The form of the equation depends on a single coefficient. In the paper, the meaning of this coefficient is discussed. The constructions of the arrangement of objects are presented and are bound with values of the coefficient.
Stability analysis and H∞
control of discrete T–S fuzzy hyperbolic systems
Authors: Duan Ruirui , Li Junmin , Zhang Yanni , Yang Ying , Chen Guopei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problem of constraint control for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Firstly, a new discrete T–S fuzzy hyperbolic model is proposed to represent a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. By means of the parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method, a novel asymptotic stabilizing control law with the “soft” constraint property is designed. The main advantage is that the proposed control method may achieve a small control amplitude. Secondly, for an uncertain discrete T–S fuzzy hyperbolic system with external disturbances, by the proposed control method, the robust stability and H∞
performance are developed by using a Lyapunov function, and some sufficient conditions are established through seeking feasible solutions of some linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to obtain several positive diagonally dominant (PDD) matrices. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed schemes are demonstrated by a numerical example and a Van de Vusse one, and some comparisons of the discrete T–S fuzzy hyperbolic model with the discrete T–S fuzzy linear one are also given to illustrate the advantage of our approach.
A dynamic model of classifier competence based on the local fuzzy confusion matrix and the random reference classifier
Authors: Trajdos Pawel , Kurzynski Marek 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Nowadays, multiclassifier systems (MCSs) are being widely applied in various machine learning problems and in many different domains. Over the last two decades, a variety of ensemble systems have been developed, but there is still room for improvement. This paper focuses on developing competence and interclass cross-competence measures which can be applied as a method for classifiers combination. The cross-competence measure allows an ensemble to harness pieces of information obtained from incompetent classifiers instead of removing them from the ensemble. The cross-competence measure originally determined on the basis of a validation set (static mode) can be further easily updated using additional feedback information on correct/incorrect classification during the recognition process (dynamic mode). The analysis of computational and storage complexity of the proposed method is presented. The performance of the MCS with the proposed cross-competence function was experimentally compared against five reference MCSs and one reference MCS for static and dynamic modes, respectively. Results for the static mode show that the proposed technique is comparable with the reference methods in terms of classification accuracy. For the dynamic mode, the system developed achieves the highest classification accuracy, demonstrating the potential of the MCS for practical applications when feedback information is available.
Using the one–versus–rest strategy with samples balancing to improve pairwise coupling classification
Authors: Chmielnicki Wiesław , Stąpor Katarzyna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The simplest classification task is to divide a set of objects into two classes, but most of the problems we find in real life applications are multi-class. There are many methods of decomposing such a task into a set of smaller classification problems involving two classes only. Among the methods, pairwise coupling proposed by Hastie and Tibshirani (1998) is one of the best known. Its principle is to separate each pair of classes ignoring the remaining ones. Then all objects are tested against these classifiers and a voting scheme is applied using pairwise class probability estimates in a joint probability estimate for all classes. A closer look at the pairwise strategy shows the problem which impacts the final result. Each binary classifier votes for each object even if it does not belong to one of the two classes which it is trained on. This problem is addressed in our strategy. We propose to use additional classifiers to select the objects which will be considered by the pairwise classifiers. A similar solution was proposed by Moreira and Mayoraz (1998), but they use classifiers which are biased according to imbalance in the number of samples representing classes.
Note onset detection in musical signals via neural–network–based multi–ODF fusion
Authors: Stasiak Bartłomiej , Mońko Jędrzej , Niewiadomski Adam 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The problem of note onset detection in musical signals is considered. The proposed solution is based on known approaches in which an onset detection function is defined on the basis of spectral characteristics of audio data. In our approach, several onset detection functions are used simultaneously to form an input vector for a multi-layer non-linear perceptron, which learns to detect onsets in the training data. This is in contrast to standard methods based on thresholding the onset detection functions with a moving average or a moving median. Our approach is also different from most of the current machine-learning-based solutions in that we explicitly use the onset detection functions as an intermediate representation, which may therefore be easily replaced with a different one, e.g., to match the characteristics of a particular audio data source. The results obtained for a database containing annotated onsets for 17 different instruments and ensembles are compared with state-of-the-art solutions.
Simultaneous routing and flow rate optimization in energy–aware computer networks
Authors: Jaskóła Przemysław , Arabas Piotr , Karbowski Andrzej 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The issue of energy-aware traffic engineering has become prominent in telecommunications industry in the last years. This paper presents a two-criteria network optimization problem, in which routing and bandwidth allocation are determined jointly, so as to minimize the amount of energy consumed by a telecommunication infrastructure and to satisfy given demands represented by a traffic matrix. A scalarization of the criteria is proposed and the choice of model parameters is discussed in detail. The model of power dissipation as a function of carried traffic in a typical software router is introduced. Then the problem is expressed in a form suitable for the mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) solver. The paper is concluded with a set of small, illustrative computational examples. Computed solutions are implemented in a testbed to validate the accuracy of energy consumption models and the correctness of the proposed traffic engineering algorithm.
Making Room for Particulars: Plato’s Receptacle as Space, Not Substratum
Authors: Buckels Christopher 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The “traditional” interpretation of the Receptacle in Plato’s Timaeus maintains that its parts act as substrata to ordinary particulars such as dogs and tables: particulars are form-matter compounds to which Forms supply properties and the Receptacle supplies a substratum, as well as a space in which these compounds come to be. I argue, against this view, that parts of the Receptacle cannot act as substrata for those particulars. I also argue, making use of contemporary discussions of supersubstantivalism, against a substratum interpretation that separates substratum and space in the Timaeus.
De la « pudeur d’un malade » (La Foire) à la « gouaille » du Printemps des éclopés : Robert Reus, mon père, et ses autobiographies romancées
Authors: Deronne Emmanuel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Some of the published or unpublished works of my father, Voltaire Deronne alias Robert Reus (1909-1988), display a strong autobiographical character. Robert Reus thus adopted several attitudes towards the treatment, modest or immodest, reserved or “exhibitionist,” of important elements in his life (his first marriage in 1943, his wife’s death in 1953, and other deaths in his family between 1945 and 1948). This article describes the writer’s strategies, ranging from silence to exhibitionism. His practices (or his conscious choices) as well as his theoretical aesthetic positions send us back to the writer’s personal history and to the way in which he reconstructs or reinvents it several times, in an opaque manner that suits him and which can be deciphered only by a family member exegete-editor.
Secure energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network
Authors: Das Ayan Kumar , Chaki Rituparna , Dey Kashi Nath 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The ease of deployment of economic sensor networks has always been a boon to disaster management applications. However, their vulnerability to a number of security threats makes communication a challenging task. This paper proposes a new routing technique to prevent from both external threats and internal threats like hello flooding, eavesdropping and wormhole attack. In this approach one way hash chain is used to reduce the energy drainage. Level based event driven clustering also helps to save energy. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme extends network lifetime even when the cluster based wireless sensor network is under attack.
A code reviewer assignment model incorporating the competence differences and participant preferences
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Wang Xiaolei , Jiang Yu , Liang Yaowen , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A good assignment of code reviewers can effectively utilize the intellectual resources, assure code quality and improve programmers’ skills in software development. However, little research on reviewer assignment of code review has been found. In this study, a code reviewer assignment model is created based on participants’ preference to reviewing assignment. With a constraint of the smallest size of a review group, the model is optimized to maximize review outcomes and avoid the negative impact of “mutual admiration society”. This study shows that the reviewer assignment strategies incorporating either the reviewers’ preferences or the authors’ preferences get much improvement than a random assignment. The strategy incorporating authors’ preference makes higher improvement than that incorporating reviewers’ preference. However, when the reviewers’ and authors’ preference matrixes are merged, the improvement becomes moderate. The study indicates that the majority of the participants have a strong wish to work with reviewers and authors having highest competence. If we want to satisfy the preference of both reviewers and authors at the same time, the overall improvement of learning outcomes may be not the best.
Living with breast cancer: Patients’ journey within the Greek National Health System
Authors: Kaitelidou Daphne , Kalogeropoulou Maria , Katostaras Theofanis , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Minogiannis Panagiotis , Skitsou Alexandra , Siskou Olga , Charalampous Georgios , Ardavanis Alexandros , Liaropoulos Lykourgos 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Process mapping (a patient-centred method) and recording the medical, nursing and administrative staff’s views involved in the provision of care help us understand patients’ experience regarding the constraints, delays and bottlenecks of healthcare service processes and identify areas of improvement.

Patients and Methods: Time information and data were collected through time and motion study with regard to the path patients with breast cancer follow in two public hospitals (sample of 86 patients) and a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to medical, nursing and administrative staff (sample of 14 employees).

Results: The amount of time required in total for the prescription process was increased up to seve7 times compared to the beneficial amount of time, and the longest delays in patients’ waiting time were observed with regard to the process of chemotherapy (more than 2 hours and 40 minutes, in some cases). About 92.3% of the staff of the two hospitals prioritized the malfunctioning of theCcentralIinformationSsystem as the most important factor and more than 75% of the study participants mentioned that several administrative and technical aspects have a negative and significant effect on the time required to prescribe the necessary medicines for the treatment of patients.

Conclusions: The lack of understanding of the hospital’s processes and spatial infrastructure by most patients, the lack of an electronic patient record system and central information system are highlighted as the main issues that contribute decisively to the increase in the non-beneficial time that patients with breast cances have to spend nowadays in hospitals of the NHS in Greece.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Sunitinib as First-Line Treatment; Results of a Retrospective Study
Authors: El-Hadaad Hend Ahmed , Wahba Hanan Ahmed , Abd-El Hay Ghazy Hayam Fathy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Targeted agents were introduced over past years because of better understanding of oncogenetic mechanisms in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). These agents include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib and axitinib.

Methods: Review of recorded data from patients’ files with mRCC were analysed during the period from August 2008 to December 2014. Those patients were treated by sunitinib as first-line therapy. The data included patients characteristics such as age, sex, ECOG performance status (ECOG PS), number and sites of metastasis and pathological type. Also, we reviewed response to sunitinib therapy, its adverse events and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results: This study included 26 patients; median age was 56 years with male predominance (76.9%) and 61.5% of patients were of ECOG PS0. Lymph nodes were the most common site of metastasis (38.5%) and 46.2% presented with ≥3 sites of disease. Clear cell pathology was reported in 96.2%. No grade IV adverse events to sunitinib reactions were observed. Thrombocytopenia was the most predominant haematological reaction (46%) followed by neutropenia (38.6%), whilst fatigue was the most reported non-haematological one (50%) followed by diarrhoea (42.3%). Partial response (PR) was found in 30.8% and stable disease (SD) in 46.2%. One-year PFS was 57.7% with median PFS time of 12 months.

Conclusion: This study proved effectiveness and safety of sunitinib as first-line treatment for mRCC. However, this is a retrospective study and relatively small numbers of patients were included, so prospective studies with larger number of patients are needed for further evaluation.