bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol of Fusarium Wilt and Growth Promotion of Tomato Plants Using Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Solanum elaeagnifolium Stems
Authors: Aydi Ben Abdallah Rania , Jabnoun‐Khiareddine Hayfa , Nefzi Ahlem , Mokni‐Tlili Sonia , Daami‐Remadi Mejda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeven culturable bacterial isolates, obtained from the internal stem tissues of Solanum elaeagnifolium and successfully colonizing the internal stem tissues of tomato cv. Rio Grande, were screened for their in vivo antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) and their growth‐promoting potential on tomato plants. SV101 and SV104 isolates, assessed on pathogen‐challenged tomato plants led to a significant decrease (77–83%) in Fusarium wilt severity and vascular browning extent (76%), as compared to the inoculated and untreated control. Isolates enhanced growth parameters on pathogen‐challenged and unchallenged tomato plants. SV104 and SV101 isolates were most effective in suppressing disease and enhancing plant growth. These two isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. str. SV101 (KU043040) and B. tequilensis str. SV104 (KU976970). They displayed antifungal activity against FOL; pathogen growth was inhibited by 64% and an inhibition zone (11.50 and 19.75 mm) against FOL could be formed using whole cell suspensions. SV101 and SV104 extracellular metabolites also inhibited FOL growth by 20 and 55%, respectively, as compared to control. B. tequilensis str. SV104 was shown to produce protease, chitinase, pectinase, IAA and siderophores. Bacillus sp. str. SV101 displayed pectinase activity and was found to be an IAA‐producing and phosphate‐solubilizing agent. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting on S. elaeagnifolium use as a potential source of potent biocontrol and plant growth‐promoting agents.
Labour Costs and the Size of Government
Authors: Facchini François , Melki Mickael , Pickering Andrew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGiven inelastic demand for labour‐intensive public services, the size of government depends positively on labour costs. OECD data exhibit a strong statistical association between government size and the business‐sector labour share of income. When the labour share is instrumented with measures of technological change, institutional variation and predetermined data it continues to positively impact government size. In contrast, transfer spending is unaffected by the labour share. The evidence is consistent with the idea that the recent decline in the labour share has contributed to the slowdown in the growth of government witnessed in much of the post‐war era.
Gene mining in halophytes: functional identification of stress tolerance genes in Lepidium crassifolium
Authors: Rigó Gábor , Valkai Ildikó , Faragó Dóra , Kiss Edina , Van Houdt Sara , Van de Steene Nancy , Hannah Matthew A. , Szabados László 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExtremophile plants are valuable sources of genes conferring tolerance traits, which can be explored to improve stress tolerance of crops. Lepidium crassifolium is a halophytic relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and displays tolerance to salt, osmotic and oxidative stresses. We have employed the modified Conditional cDNA Overexpression System to transfer a cDNA library from L. crassifolium to the glycophyte A. thaliana. By screening for salt, osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance through in vitro growth assays and non‐destructive chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, 20 Arabidopsis lines were identified with superior performance under restrictive conditions. Several cDNA inserts were cloned and confirmed to be responsible for the enhanced tolerance by analysing independent transgenic lines. Examples include full‐length cDNAs encoding proteins with high homologies to GDSL‐lipase/esterase or acyl CoA‐binding protein or proteins without known function, which could confer tolerance to one or several stress conditions. Our results confirm that random gene transfer from stress tolerant to sensitive plant species is a valuable tool to discover novel genes with potential for biotechnological applications.
Effects of Growth Hormone on In Situ Culture of Bovine Preantral Follicles are Dose Dependent
Authors: Jimenez CR , de Azevedo JL , Silveira RG , Penitente‐Filho J , Carrascal‐Triana EL , Zolini AM , Araújo VR , Torres CAA 
Published: June 2016

ContentThe objective of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of growth hormone (GH) on the development of bovine preantral follicles cultured included in the ovarian tissue (in situ) on the rates of morphologically normal, viable, primordial and developing follicles, as well as the oocyte and follicle diameter and ultrastructural analysis. Ovarian fragments collected from cows with no cross‐breeds defined were cultured in situ for 1 and 7 days in minimal essential medium (α‐MEM+) supplemented with different concentrations of recombinant human GH (0, 10, 25, 50 ng/ml). The ovarian fragments non‐cultured (control) and cultured were processed for classic histology, mechanical isolation and electron transmission microscopy (MET). The parameters underwent anova (Tukey′s and Dunnett′s tests) and chi‐square test (χ2). After 7 days of culture, the treatment with 50 ng/ml GH showed no differences with fresh control (p > 0.05) and had greater effectiveness than in the 0, 10 and 25 ng/ml GH concentrations of the morphologically normal follicles. Regarding the primordial follicles, a reduction was observed in the 50 ng/ml GH concentration concomitant with the significant increase in developing follicles, differing from both the fresh control and the other GH concentrations tested. In addition, 50 ng/ml GH showed a larger follicle and oocyte diameter when compared to the other treatments cultured. Similar structures were ultrastructurally observed in the control group, 50 ng/ml GH. Follicles cultured in 10 ng/ml GH showed nuclear invagination, vacuoles and lesioned basal membrane. Hence, it is concluded that 50 ng/ml GH is the most effective concentration for the development of preantral follicles cultured in situ.
Dental enamel development defects in children and adolescents with HIV infection: case‐control study
Authors: Pontes Alessandra Silva , Lima Marina de Deus Moura , Andrade Natália Silva , de Moura Marcoeli Silva , Moura Lúcia de Fatima Almeida de Deus 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTo determine the frequency of Enamel Development Defects (DDE) and associated factors in children and adolescents infected with HIV. A case‐control study was conducted in HIV‐infected patients (n = 52), aged 3 to 15, and a control group formed by preschool and schoolchildren (n = 104) matched according to gender, age and household income. Data on medical history, neonatal and maternal conditions were obtained. For diagnosis of enamel defects was used modified DDE Index. DDE frequency was 61.5% in the case group and 58.7% in the control group (p = 0.569). Infection of the genitourinary tract and maternal hemorrhage were factors associated with DDE in the case and control groups, respectively. An association was observed between the use of antiretroviral regimens with protease inhibitors or efavirenz and DDE in the permanent dentition. Children and adolescents HIV‐infected showed a DDE frequency similar to healthy patients, but factors associated with this condition were different between the groups.
Technical Note: A new phantom design for routine testing of Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Grice J. V. , Pickens D. R. , Price R. R. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:The objective of this project is to demonstrate the principle and operation for a simple, inexpensive, and highly portable Doppler ultrasound quality assurance (QA) phantom intended for routine QA testing. A prototype phantom has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The phantom described here is powered by gravity alone, requires no external equipment for operation, and produces a stable fluid velocity useful for quality assurance. Many commercially available Doppler ultrasound testing systems can suffer from issues such as a lengthy setup, prohibitive cost, nonportable size, or difficulty in use. This new phantom design aims to address some of these problems and create a phantom appropriate for assessing Doppler ultrasound stability.Methods:The phantom was fabricated using a 3D printer. The basic design of the phantom is to provide gravity‐powered flow of a Doppler fluid between two reservoirs. The printed components were connected with latex tubing and then seated in a tissue mimicking gel. Spectral Doppler waveforms were sampled to evaluate variations in the data, and the phantom was evaluated using high frame rate video to find an alternate measure of mean fluid velocity flowing in the phantom.Results:The current system design maintains stable flow from one reservoir to the other for approximately 7 s. Color Doppler imaging of the phantom was found to be qualitatively consistent with laminar flow. Using pulsed spectral Doppler, the average fluid velocity from a sample volume approximately centered in the synthetic vessel was measured to be 56 cm/s with a standard deviation of 3.2 cm/s across 118 measurements. An independent measure of the average fluid velocity was measured to be 51.9 cm/s with a standard deviation of 0.7 cm/s over 4 measurements.Conclusions:The developed phantom provides stable fluid flow useful for frequent clinical Doppler ultrasound testing and attempts to address several obstacles facing Doppler phantom testing. Such an ultrasound phantom can make routine testing more approachable for institutions that wish to initiate a Doppler QA program or complement a previously existing QA program.
A new form of the calibration curve in radiochromic dosimetry. Properties and results
Authors: Tamponi Matteo , Bona Rossana , Poggiu Angela , Marini Piergiorgio 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:This work describes a new form of the calibration curve for radiochromic dosimetry that depends on one fit parameter. Some results are reported to show that the new curve performs as well as those previously used and, more importantly, significantly reduces the dependence on the lot of films, the film orientation on the scanner, and the time after exposure.Methods:The form of the response curve makes use of the net optical densities ratio against the dose and has been studied by means of the Beer–Lambert law and a simple modeling of the film. The new calibration curve has been applied to EBT3 films exposed at 6 and 15 MV energy beams of linear accelerators and read‐out in transmission mode by means of a flatbed color scanner. Its performance has been compared to that of two established forms of the calibration curve, which use the optical density and the net optical density against the dose. Four series of measurements with four lots of EBT3 films were used to evaluate the precision, accuracy, and dependence on the time after exposure, orientation on the scanner and lot of films.Results:The new calibration curve is roughly subject to the same dose uncertainty, about 2% (1 standard deviation), and has the same accuracy, about 1.5% (dose values between 50 and 450 cGy), as the other calibration curves when films of the same lot are used. Moreover, the new calibration curve, albeit obtained from only one lot of film, shows a good agreement with experimental data from all other lots of EBT3 films used, with an accuracy of about 2% and a relative dose precision of 2.4% (1 standard deviation). The agreement also holds for changes of the film orientation and of the time after exposure.Conclusions:The dose accuracy of this new form of the calibration curve is always equal to or better than those obtained from the two types of curves previously used. The use of the net optical densities ratio considerably reduces the dependence on the lot of films, the landscape/portrait orientation, and the time after exposure. This form of the calibration curve could become even more useful with new optical digital devices using monochromatic light.
Hydrosol of Thymbra capitata Is a Highly Efficient Biocide against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Biofilms
Authors: Karampoula Foteini , Giaouris Efstathios , Deschamps Julien , Doulgeraki Agapi I. , Nychas George-John E. , Dubois-Brissonnet Florence 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
is recognized as one of the most significant enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens. In recent years, the resistance of pathogens to biocides and other environmental stresses, especially when they are embedded in biofilm structures, has led to the search for and development of novel antimicrobial strategies capable of displaying both high efficiency and safety. In this direction, the aims of the present work were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydrosol of the Mediterranean spice
Thymbra
capitata
against both planktonic and biofilm cells of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium and to compare its action with that of benzalkonium chloride (BC), a commonly used industrial biocide. In order to achieve this, the disinfectant activity following 6-min treatments was comparatively evaluated for both disinfectants by calculating the concentrations needed to achieve the same log reductions against both types of cells. Their bactericidal effect against biofilm cells was also comparatively determined by
in situ
and real-time visualization of cell inactivation through the use of time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Interestingly, results revealed that hydrosol was almost equally effective against biofilms and planktonic cells, whereas a 200-times-higher concentration of BC was needed to achieve the same effect against biofilm compared to planktonic cells. Similarly, time-lapse CLSM revealed the significant advantage of the hydrosol to easily penetrate within the biofilm structure and quickly kill the cells, despite the three-dimensional (3D) structure of
Salmonella
biofilm.

IMPORTANCE
The results of this paper highlight the significant antimicrobial action of a natural compound, hydrosol of
Thymbra capitata
, against both planktonic and biofilm cells of a common foodborne pathogen. Hydrosol has numerous advantages as a disinfectant of food-contact surfaces. It is an aqueous solution which can easily be rinsed out from surfaces, it does not have the strong smell of the essential oil (EO) and it is a byproduct of the EO distillation procedure without any industrial application until now. Consequently, hydrosol obviously could be of great value to combat biofilms and thus to improve product safety not only for the food industries but probably also for many other industries which experience biofilm-related problems.
Quality of Life in Patients With Untreated and Symptomatic Hallux Valgus
Authors: Yamamoto Yohei , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Muramatsu Yuta , Terakado Atsushi , Sasho Takahisa , Akagi Ryuichiro , Endo Jun , Sato Yasunori , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: June 2016

Background: The purposes of this study were to compare the quality of life (QOL) of subjects who had untreated symptomatic hallux valgus with the QOL of the general population and to investigate factors associated with the QOL of the subjects. Methods: One hundred sixteen subjects with previously untreated and symptomatic hallux valgus were surveyed. QOL was assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Additionally, clinical evaluations (the visual analog scale for pain, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot Scale, lesser toe pain, and pain in other parts of the body) and radiographic evaluations (hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals, and dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint) were performed. Differences in the SF-36 between the subjects and the general population were tested using independent t tests. Correlations between the QOL measurements, clinical evaluations, and radiographic evaluations were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results: All SF-36 subscales and physical component summary scores for the subjects were significantly lower than those of the general population. Notably, the standardized physical function subscale (38.2 ± 15.8, P < .001) and physical component summary scores (38.9 ± 14.5, P < .001) were more than 10 points lower than those of the general population. Most QOL and clinical evaluation parameters were not correlated or were negligibly correlated with radiographic evaluations. Similarly, lesser toe pain or pain in other parts of the body was not correlated with QOL or clinical evaluations. Conclusion: The QOL of untreated and symptomatic hallux valgus subjects was lower than that of the general population. All QOL and clinical evaluation parameters were not significantly or negligibly correlated with the severity of toe deformities. Surgical decision making should not be based on the severity of the deformity alone, but rather patient QOL should also be carefully assessed. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Broad scope and narrow focus: On the contemporary linguistic and psycholinguistic study of third language acquisition
Authors: Alonso Jorge González , Rothman Jason , Berndt Denny , Castro Tammer , Westergaard Marit 
Published: June 2016

Aims: in this introduction we situate the seven articles in this special issue in terms of the connections between their themes and their individual contributions to the field of third language acquisition (L3A): new theoretical models, innovative methodologies, an epistemological commentary and new perspectives related to multilingual processing and cognitive function. Approach: we discuss important and often overlooked differences between bi- and multilingualism in the context of second language versus third or further language acquisition. We also provide a brief historical overview of the relatively young field of L3A and outline the three current models of linguistic transfer in L3 morphosyntax. Finally, we approach the issues of methodology, psychological complexity and cognitive implications that are discussed in some of these papers. Conclusions: the diversity of topics in these articles endows the issue with a broad approach to the field of L3A, while individual articles offer a narrow focus on specific theoretical and methodological issues. Significance: this special issue provides an accurate portrayal of the current interest in, and rapid expansion of, multilingualism within linguistic and psycholinguistic approaches.
The impact of Tax substituition on the price of pharmaceutical products in the of São Paulo
Authors: Chagas André Luis Squarize 
Published: June 2016

The mechanism of the Tax Substitution has been widely adopted by the Brazilian states in order simplied the tax collection and combat evasion. Since mid-2007 the Finance Department of the State of S~ao Paulo began to adopt the tax substitution as means of receiving the ICMS due by the pharmaceutical sector. The work seeks to test the eects of change in the form of taxation on consumer prices. For this, three alternative approaches are used to test the existence of structural break in the series of prices of pharmaceuticals in the state, and the relationship of cointegration of this series with the other states. The results suggest that, after the replacement tax, there were an increase of consumer prices.
Educational campaign to increase knowledge of pressure ulcers
Authors: Feng Haixia , Li Guohong , Xu Cuirong , Ju Changping 
Published: June 2016

Background:A pressure ulcer (PU) steering group was set up in Zhongda Hospital in China to develop a campaign to increase knowledge of PUs, to improve management and reduce incidence.Method:Questionnaires were completed by 275 nurses to ascertain their knowledge of PUs. The initial questionnaire indicated that the nurses had insufficient knowledge of PUs. The steering group then ran a campaign focusing on standardising the management of PUs. The measurement of PU knowledge for all nurses was tested after 2 years of training.Results:After 2 years, the nursing staff's knowledge of PUs had improved. Usage of the Braden scale had risen from (60.0±22.9) to (88.0±9.0) and showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Moreover, the rate for patients reported as being at high risk of developing a PU had increased from 0.98% in 2012 to 1.24% in 2013, while the occurrence rate of PUs in the hospital had decreased from 0.09% in 2012 to 0.05% in 2013.Conclusion:The campaign significantly enhanced the knowledge of PUs and improved the ability of nursing staff to evaluate PU risks, resulting in a decrease in the occurrence of PUs.
New flavonoid C–O–C dimers and other chemical constituents from Garcinia brevipedicellata stem heartwood
Authors: Abderamane Bintou , Tih Anastasie E. , Ghogomu Raphael T. , Blond Alain , Bodo Bernard 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The methanol extract of the stem heartwood of Garcinia brevipedicellata has furnished three new flavonoid C–O–C dimers, brevipedicilones A (6), B (8) and C (10), along with five previously reported flavonoid dimers, viz. amentoflavone (1), 4″′-O-methylamentoflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), 4′-O-methyl robustaflavone (4) and tetrahinokiflavone (5). The new structures, which are composed of flavanone–flavanonol or flavanonol–flavanonol sub-units, were established based on spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy, and by comparing their spectral data with those reported for related compounds.
Auslaufmodell oder Erfolgsgeschichte? Soziale Sicherung in globaler Perspektive
Authors: Grünewald Aline , Seelkopf Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSocial policy is an important instrument states have at their disposal to offer protection against life risks. Yet nearly one century after the foundation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) the majority of the world population still lives without adequate social protection and even in the Western world many observers fear that globalization is undermining the welfare state. Based on various data sources we illustrate the development of social security around the world. We show that more and more states introduce social security programs and increase their social spending. Furthermore, new social policy programs have emerged which cover formerly marginalized groups of society.
Schlechte Chancen ab 50? Übergänge älterer Arbeitsloser in Beschäftigung im Zeitvergleich
Authors: Sieglen Georg 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Throughout the last ten years the employment rate of older people has improved considerably. It can be assumed that the development was furthered by the removal of legal incentives for early retirement. This study analyses whether the probability of transiting from unemployment into employment has also changed for the elderly in Germany between 2000 and 2009. To assess this question we estimate a hazard rate model, using administrative records of individuals born between 1935 and 1974. Our results show that the employment probabilities of elderly people in particular increased between 2006 and 2009 relative to earlier years. However, we also find persistent differences in the employment probabilities across different age groups.