bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Stem Cells Do Not Contribute to Endometrial Cell Lineages in Chimeric Mouse Models
Authors: Ong Yih Rue , Cousins Fiona L. , Yang Xiaoqing , Mushafi Ahmed Aedh A. Al , Breault David T. , Gargett Caroline E. , Deane James A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudies from five independent laboratories conclude that bone marrow stem cells transdifferentiate into endometrial stroma, epithelium, and endothelium. We investigated the nature of bone marrow-derived cells in the mouse endometrium by reconstituting irradiated wild type recipients with bone marrow containing transgenic mTert-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or chicken β-actin (Ch β-actin)-GFP reporters. mTert-GFP is a telomerase marker identifying hematopoietic stem cells and subpopulations of epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells in the endometrium. Ch β-actin-GFP is a ubiquitous reporter previously used to identify bone marrow-derived cells in the endometrium. Confocal fluorescence microscopy for GFP and markers of endometrial and immune cells were used to characterize bone marrow-derived cells in the endometrium of transplant recipients. No evidence of GFP+ bone marrow-derived stroma, epithelium, or endothelium was observed in the endometrium of mTert-GFP or Ch β-actin-GFP recipients. All GFP+ cells detected in the endometrium were immune cells expressing the pan leukocyte marker CD45, including CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages. Further examination of the Ch β-actin-GFP transplant model revealed that bone marrow-derived F4/80+ macrophages immunostained weakly for CD45. These macrophages were abundant in the stroma, infiltrated the epithelial and vascular compartments, and could easily be mistaken for bone marrow-derived endometrial cells. We conclude that it is unlikely that bone marrow cells are able to transdifferentiate into endometrial stroma, epithelium, and endothelium. This result has important therapeutic implications, as the expectation that bone marrow stem cells contribute directly to endometrial regeneration is shaping strategies designed to regenerate endometrium in Asherman's syndrome and to control aberrant endometrial growth in endometriosis.
Individual pitch control for 2‐bladed wind turbines via multiblade multilag transformation
Authors: Riboldi C. E. D. , Cacciola S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo‐bladed wind turbines have regained the attention of the community thanks to the advantages in manufacturing cost provided by the lower number of blades and the ease of implementation of effective passive systems for load reduction (ie, teetering pin). Considering both teetering and nonteetering architectures, the dynamics of 2‐bladed turbines is different from that of 3‐bladed machines especially in terms of how multiples of the rotor frequencies in blade signals are translated on the fixed system. Such characteristics have hampered the adoption of active control laws for load mitigation based on individual pitch control, extensively studied for 3‐bladed turbines. A basic element for control development allowing to capture the essence of the relationship between signals on the blades and the fixed system on 2‐bladed turbines–represented by the Coleman transformation for 3‐bladed turbines–has not been identified yet. The present paper tries to fill the gap, presenting an extended transformation–called multiblade multilag–applicable to turbines with an arbitrary number of blades, providing a systematic way to link rotor signals to fixed system signals, thus allowing the application of control algorithms for individual pitch control developed for 3‐bladed turbines to the 2‐bladed case. The paper addresses the problem first at a theoretical level, and subsequently providing applicative results from simulations on virtual models of teetering and nonteetering 2‐bladed turbines. The proposed transformation algorithm and control laws allow to effectively reduce some relevant loads and motions respectively in the nonteetering and teetering scenarios, through a cyclic pitch input.
Uses for expanded production of natural gas liquids: chemicals or power?
Authors: Allen David T. , Cardoso‐Saldaña Felipe J. , McGaughey Gary , McDonald‐Buller Elena , Webster Mort 
Published: September 2017

Expanded production of natural gas liquids (NGLs, ethane, propane, butanes) in the United States may continue to be utilized in domestic and international chemical manufacturing; however, this would require the development of expanded transport infrastructures. Electricity generation is an alternative use for NGLs. As a case study of the value of NGLs in electricity generation, the potential use of NGLs in the Texas electrical grid was evaluated. It was assumed that electricity would be generated in 25‐MW gas turbines, located at gas‐processing plants where NGLs in produced gas are separated to create pipeline‐quality gas. The potential magnitude of NGL‐based power generation in the Texas grid, using NGLs produced in the Eagle Ford and Barnett oil and gas production regions in Texas, was estimated to be up to 2.7 GW of electricity, 6% of average demand on the grid. The NGL‐based electricity generation displaced coal and natural gas‐based generation, with little impact on the use of renewables. At the assumed efficiency (34.7%) and nonfuel operating cost ($7/MWh) of small gas turbines, NGLs are only fully utilized for electricity generation in the Texas grid when fuel prices are lower than $1.50 per million BTU (a discount of $0.90 per million BTU relative to the fuel price of coal assumed in the modeling). Higher prices might be supported if NGLs are used for electricity generation at times of high demand or if larger, higher efficiency turbines are utilized. WIREs Energy Environ 2018, 7:e258. doi: 10.1002/wene.258This article is categorized under:

Fossil Fuels > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Study of gamma/X‐ray interaction in Kondo insulators
Authors: Manjunatha H.C. , Seenappa L. , Sridhar K.N. , ChikkaHanumantharayappa  
Published: September 2017

We have studied the gamma/X‐ray interaction parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path (λ), half value layer, 10th value layer, energy‐absorption buildup factors, and variation of electrical conductivity with the energy of gamma/X‐ray between 1 keV and 100 GeV for Kondo insulators such as FeSi, Ce3Bi4Pt3, SmB6, YbB12, CeNiSn, CeRhSb, CeRuSn, and CeFeP. The variation of photon interaction parameters with incident energy of gamma/X‐ray is graphically represented. We have also identified the X‐ray absorption edges for the Kondo insulators. This identified X‐ray absorption edges are useful in the characterizing of Kondo insulators such as FeSi, Ce3Bi4Pt3, SmB6, YbB12, CeNiSn, CeRhSb, CeRuSn, and CeFeP. Hence, these data are also useful in the material science. This type of data for Kondo insulators is not available in literature. Hence, this work is first of its kind, and it is useful in various fields of nuclear physics.
The Inquiries: A Lion’s Den
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Sans Everything inquiries (August 1967–February 1968) were disturbing. A sense of open mindedness to evaluate the allegations was minimal, and the Ministry expected conclusions to indicate that practices were satisfactory. This chapter explores three hospital inquiries in depth—Friern, St Lawrence’s and Storthes Hall—corresponding with availability of archive sources. The inquiry chairmen lacked experience of public sector administration, including of the way statutory authorities could cover up deficiencies. They discredited witnesses based on their personalities and status within the hospitals, rather than evaluating the evidence they gave. They made errors when judging standards, due to their stereotypical expectations and lack of knowledge about good clinical practice. The Council on Tribunals, the public body monitoring inquiries, criticised the procedures. Cabinet Minister Richard Crossman described the inquiries as ‘fairly well rigged’.
Comparing Electrical Stimulation With and Without Ultrasound Guidance for Phenol Neurolysis to the Musculocutaneous Nerve
Authors: Matsumoto Mary E. , Berry Jessica , Yung Herbie , Matsumoto Martha , Munin Michael C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound guidance is increasingly being used for neurolytic procedures that have traditionally been done with electrical stimulation (e‐stim) guidance alone. Ultrasound visualization with e‐stim−guided neurolysis can potentially allow adjustments in injection protocols that will reduce the volume of neurolytic agent needed to achieve clinical improvement.ObjectiveThis study compared e‐stim only to e‐stim with ultrasound guidance in phenol neurolysis of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) for elbow flexor spasticity. We also evaluated the ultrasound appearance of the MCN in this population.DesignRetrospective review.SettingUniversity hospital outpatient clinic.ParticipantsAdults (N = 167) receiving phenol neurolysis to the MCN for treatment of elbow flexor spasticity between 1997 and 2014 and adult control subjects.MethodsFor each phenol injection of the MCN, the method of guidance, volume of phenol injected, technical success, improved range of motion at the elbow postinjection, adverse effects, reason for termination of injections, and details of concomitant botulinum toxin injection were recorded. The ultrasound appearance of the MCN, including nerve cross‐sectional area and shape, were recorded and compared between groups.Main Outcome MeasuresThe volume of phenol injected and MCN cross‐sectional area and shape as demonstrated by ultrasound.ResultsThe addition of ultrasound to e‐stim−guided phenol neurolysis was associated with lower doses of phenol when compared to e‐stim guidance alone (2.31 mL versus 3.69 mL, P < .001). With subsequent injections, the dose of phenol increased with e‐stim guidance (P < .001), but not with e‐stim and ultrasound guidance (P = .95). Both methods of guidance had high technical success, improved ROM at elbow postinjection, and low rates of adverse events. In comparing the ultrasound appearance of the MCN in patients with spasticity to that of normal controls, there was no difference in the cross‐sectional area of the nerve, but there was more variability in shape.ConclusionsCombined e‐stim and ultrasound guidance during phenol neurolysis to the MCN allows a smaller volume of phenol to be used for equal effect, both at initial and repeat injection. The MCN shape was more variable in individuals with spasticity; this should be recognized so as to successfully locate the nerve to perform neurolysis.Level of EvidenceIV
Radiation of internal waves from groups of surface gravity waves
Authors: Haney S. , Young W. R. 
Published: September 2017

Groups of surface gravity waves induce horizontally varying Stokes drift that drives convergence of water ahead of the group and divergence behind. The mass flux divergence associated with spatially variable Stokes drift pumps water downwards in front of the group and upwards in the rear. This ‘Stokes pumping’ creates a deep Eulerian return flow that sets the isopycnals below the wave group in motion and generates a trailing wake of internal gravity waves. We compute the energy flux from surface to internal waves by finding solutions of the wave-averaged Boussinesq equations in two and three dimensions forced by Stokes pumping at the surface. The two-dimensional (2-D) case is distinct from the 3-D case in that the stratification must be very strong, or the surface waves very slow for any internal wave (IW) radiation at all. On the other hand, in three dimensions, IW radiation always occurs, but with a larger energy flux as the stratification and surface wave (SW) amplitude increase or as the SW period is shorter. Specifically, the energy flux from SWs to IWs varies as the fourth power of the SW amplitude and of the buoyancy frequency, and is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the SW period. Using parameters typical of short period swell (e.g. 8 s SW period with 1 m amplitude) we find that the energy flux is small compared to both the total energy in a typical SW group and compared to the total IW energy. Therefore this coupling between SWs and IWs is not a significant sink of energy for the SWs nor a source for IWs. In an extreme case (e.g. 4 m amplitude 20 s period SWs) this coupling is a significant source of energy for IWs with frequency close to the buoyancy frequency.
Implicit renewal theory in the arithmetic case
Authors: Kevei Péter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We extend Goldie's implicit renewal theorem to the arithmetic case, which allows us to determine the tail behavior of the solution of various random fixed point equations. It turns out that the arithmetic and nonarithmetic cases are very different. Under appropriate conditions we obtain that the tail of the solution X of the fixed point equations X =DAX + B and X =DAX ∨ B is ℓ(x) q(x) x-κ, where q is a logarithmically periodic function q(x eh) = q(x), x > 0, with h being the span of the arithmetic distribution of log A, and ℓ is a slowly varying function. In particular, the tail is not necessarily regularly varying. We use the renewal theoretic approach developed by Grincevičius (1975) and Goldie (1991).
Marginal standardization of upper semicontinuous processes. With application to max-stable processes
Authors: Sabourin Anne , Segers Johan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Extreme value theory for random vectors and stochastic processes with continuous trajectories is usually formulated for random objects where the univariate marginal distributions are identical. In the spirit of Sklar's theorem from copula theory, such marginal standardization is carried out by the pointwise probability integral transform. Certain situations, however, call for stochastic models whose trajectories are not continuous but merely upper semicontinuous (USC). Unfortunately, the pointwise application of the probability integral transform to a USC process does not, in general, preserve the upper semicontinuity of the trajectories. In this paper we give sufficient conditions to enable marginal standardization of USC processes and we state a partial extension of Sklar's theorem for USC processes. We specialize the results to max-stable processes whose marginal distributions and normalizing sequences are allowed to vary with the coordinate.
Excursion sets of infinitely divisible random fields with convolution equivalent Lévy measure
Authors: Rønn-Nielsen Anders , Vedel Jensen Eva B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We consider a continuous, infinitely divisible random field in ℝd, d = 1, 2, 3, given as an integral of a kernel function with respect to a Lévy basis with convolution equivalent Lévy measure. For a large class of such random fields, we compute the asymptotic probability that the excursion set at level x contains some rotation of an object with fixed radius as x → ∞. Our main result is that the asymptotic probability is equivalent to the right tail of the underlying Lévy measure.
On the outcome of epidemics with detections
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The classical SIR epidemic model is generalized to incorporate a detection process of infectives in the course of time. Our purpose is to determine the exact distribution of the population state at the first detection instant and the following ones. An extension is also discussed that allows the parameters to change with the number of detected cases. The followed approach relies on simple martingale arguments and uses a special family of Abel–Gontcharoff polynomials.
Finite-pool queueing with heavy-tailed services
Authors: Bet Gianmarco , van der Hofstad Remco , van Leeuwaarden Johan S. H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe consider the Δ(i)/G/1 queue, in which a total ofncustomers join a single-server queue for service. Customers join the queue independently after exponential times. We considerheavy-tailedservice-time distributions with tails decaying asx-α, α ∈ (1, 2). We consider the asymptotic regime in which the population size grows to ∞ and establish that the scaled queue-length process converges to an α-stable process with a negative quadratic drift. We leverage this asymptotic result to characterize the head start that is needed to create a long period of uninterrupted activity (a busy period). The heavy-tailed service times should be contrasted with the case of light-tailed service times, for which a similar scaling limit arises (Betet al.(2015)), but then with a Brownian motion instead of an α-stable process.
Rare events of transitory queues
Authors: Honnappa Harsha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study the rare-event behavior of the workload process in a transitory queue, where the arrival epochs (or 'points') of a finite number of jobs are assumed to be the ordered statistics of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables. The service times (or 'marks') of the jobs are assumed to be i.i.d. random variables with a general distribution, that are jointly independent of the arrival epochs. Under the assumption that the service times are strictly positive, we derive the large deviations principle (LDP) satisfied by the workload process. The analysis leverages the connection between ordered statistics and self-normalized sums of exponential random variables to establish the LDP. In this paper we present the first analysis of rare events in transitory queueing models, supplementing prior work that has focused on fluid and diffusion approximations.
Pregnant women of South Asian ethnicity in Canada have substantially lower vitamin B12status compared with pregnant women of European ethnicity
Authors: Schroder Theresa H. , Sinclair Graham , Mattman Andre , Jung Benjamin , Barr Susan I. , Vallance Hilary D. , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaternal vitamin B12(B12) status has been inversely associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and positively with fetal growth and infant development. South Asians, Canada’s largest ethnic minority, are prone to B12deficiency. Yet, data are lacking on B12status in South Asian pregnant women in North America. We sought to determine B12status, using multiple biomarkers, in 1st and 2nd trimester pregnant women of South Asian and, for comparison, European ethnicity living in Vancouver, Canada. In this retrospective cohort study, total B12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and total homocysteine concentrations were quantified in two routinely collected (mean gestational week: 11·5 (range 8·3–13·9) and 16·5 (range 14·9–20·9)), banked serum samples of 748 healthy pregnant South Asian (n371) and European (n377) women. South Asian pregnant women had significantly lower B12status than European pregnant women at both time points, as indicated by lower serum total B12and holoTC concentrations, and higher MMA concentrations (allP≤0·001). The largest difference, which was substantial (Cohen’sd≥0·5), was observed in mean serum total B12concentrations (1st trimester: 189 (95 % CI 180, 199)v. 246 (95 % CI 236, 257) pmol/l; 2nd trimester: 176 (95 % CI 168, 185)v. 226 (95 % CI 216, 236) pmol/l). Further, South Asian ethnicity was a significant negative predictor of B12status during pregnancy. South Asian women living in Vancouver have substantially lower B12status during early pregnancy. Future research identifying predictors and health consequences of this observed difference is needed to allow for targeted interventions.
Relationship between Cognitive Performance and Measures of Neurodegeneration among Hispanic and White Non-Hispanic Individuals with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia
Authors: Burke Shanna L. , Rodriguez Miriam J. , Barker Warren , Greig-Custo Maria T , Rosselli Monica , Loewenstein David A. , Duara Ranjan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to determine the presence and severity of potential cultural and language bias in widely used cognitive and other assessment instruments, using structural MRI measures of neurodegeneration as biomarkers of disease stage and severity.Methods:Hispanic (n=75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) (n=90) subjects were classified as cognitively normal (CN), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild dementia. Performance on the culture-fair and educationally fair Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) between Hispanics and WNHs was equivalent, in each diagnostic group. Volumetric and visually rated measures of the hippocampus entorhinal cortex, and inferior lateral ventricles (ILV) were measured on structural MRI scans for all subjects. A series of analyses of covariance, controlling for age, depression, and education, were conducted to compare the level of neurodegeneration on these MRI measures between Hispanics and WNHs in each diagnostic group.Results:Among both Hispanics and WNH groups there was a progressive decrease in volume of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and an increase in volume of the ILV (indicating increasing atrophy in the regions surrounding the ILV) from CN to aMCI to mild dementia. For equivalent levels of performance on the FOME and CDR, WNHs had greater levels of neurodegeneration than did Hispanic subjects.Conclusions:Atrophy in medial temporal regions was found to be greater among WNH than Hispanic diagnostic groups, despite the lack of statistical differences in cognitive performance between these two ethnic groups. Presumably, unmeasured factors result in better cognitive performance among WNH than Hispanics for a given level of neurodegeneration. (JINS, 2018,24, 176–187)
Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanometrology Based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Tondare Vipin N. , Villarrubia John S. , Vladár András E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a sample surface from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images taken at two perspectives has been known for decades. Nowadays, there exist several commercially available stereophotogrammetry software packages. For testing these software packages, in this study we used Monte Carlo simulated SEM images of virtual samples. A virtual sample is a model in a computer, and its true dimensions are known exactly, which is impossible for real SEM samples due to measurement uncertainty. The simulated SEM images can be used for algorithm testing, development, and validation. We tested two stereophotogrammetry software packages and compared their reconstructed 3D models with the known geometry of the virtual samples used to create the simulated SEM images. Both packages performed relatively well with simulated SEM images of a sample with a rough surface. However, in a sample containing nearly uniform and therefore low-contrast zones, the height reconstruction error was ≈46%. The present stereophotogrammetry software packages need further improvement before they can be used reliably with SEM images with uniform zones.
Unusual interlayer quantum transport behavior caused by the zeroth Landau level in YbMnBi2
Authors: Liu J. Y. , Hu J. , Graf D. , Zou T. , Zhu M. , Shi Y. , Che S. , Radmanesh S. M. A. , Lau C. N. , Spinu L. , Cao H. B. , Ke X. , Mao Z. Q. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRelativistic fermions in topological quantum materials are characterized by linear energy–momentum dispersion near band crossing points. Under magnetic fields, relativistic fermions acquire Berry phase of π in cyclotron motion, leading to a zeroth Landau level (LL) at the crossing point, a signature unique to relativistic fermions. Here we report the unusual interlayer quantum transport behavior resulting from the zeroth LL mode observed in the time reversal symmetry breaking type II Weyl semimetal YbMnBi2. The interlayer magnetoresistivity and Hall conductivity of this material are found to exhibit surprising angular dependences under high fields, which can be well fitted by a model, which considers the interlayer quantum tunneling transport of the zeroth LL's Weyl fermions. Our results shed light on the unusual role of zeroth LLl mode in transport.