bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust model order reduction of an electrical machine at startup through reduction error estimation
Authors: Montier Laurent , Henneron Thomas , Clénet Stéphane , Goursaud Benjamin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the field of electrical machines, the finite element method provides accurate results but requires a high computational cost to perform, with sometimes weeks of computations. Therefore, model order reduction methods such as the proper orthogonal decomposition combined with the discrete empirical interpolation method are able to speed up the solution of the finite element problem. To use the obtained results for predictive computations, an error estimator is required. However, the different estimators found in the literature do not apply to our problem. Therefore, a simple error indicator that can be applied to a wide range of problems is proposed in this paper.
Cross‐Seasonal Influence of the SAM on Southern Hemisphere Extratropical SST and its Relationship with Meridional Circulation in CMIP5 models
Authors: Zheng Fei , Li Jianping , Ding Ruiqiang , Feng Juan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTUsing outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the influence of the December–February (DJF) Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) on March–May (MAM) zonal‐mean meridional circulation found in reanalysis data is assessed. Considering that the DJF Southern Hemisphere extratropical SST pattern associated with the SAM (SESST hereafter) acts as an important ‘bridge’ in the cross‐seasonal influence of the DJF SAM on MAM meridional circulation, model performance in simulating the influence of the DJF SAM on SESST and in capturing the connection between SESST and MAM meridional circulation are investigated. Most of the models are equipped to capture the influence of the DJF SAM on SESST. However, the model‐simulated influence is stronger than the observations, which is partially attributed to an overestimation of the association between the SAM and surface zonal wind by these models. The simulated cross‐seasonal influence of the DJF SAM on MAM meridional circulation tends to be closer to the observations in models with high performance in depicting the influence of MAM SESST on MAM meridional circulation than in models with relatively low performance.
Annual and seasonal tornado trends in the contiguous United States and its regions
Authors: Moore Todd W. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious studies provide evidence of possible changes to the climatology of tornadoes in the United States. These include a decrease in the number of tornado days per year, but an increase in the number of days per year with a large number of tornadoes; an increase in the mean number of tornadoes per tornado day; a spatial shift in tornado activity, generally towards the Southeast United States. Most of these studies, however, tend to examine trends at the annual (or spring) and contiguous United States scales. Using tornado data over the period 1954–2016, this study analyses various tornado metrics to determine whether trends are consistent throughout the year and across the United States. Trends are assessed with the Mann–Kendall test and their slopes with the Theil–Sen estimator. The annual analyses indicate that the number of tornadoes per year declined in the West, North Great Plains, South Great Plains, and Midwest regions, but increased in the Southeast. The decreasing/increasing tendencies in the South Great Plains/Southeast led to a reversal of the most active region – the South Great Plains had the greatest median tornado frequency early in the study period whereas the Southeast had the greatest in the middle and late periods. Annual analyses also indicate that the previously reported decline in the number of tornado days per year and the increase in the mean number of tornadoes per tornado day per year are generally present across the United States. Seasonal analyses suggest that the proportion of tornadoes occurring in the contiguous United States in summer is decreasing whereas the proportion occurring in fall is increasing. This is especially apparent in the Southeast.
How patients use repeat antibiotic prescriptions: the impact of dosing directions
Authors: Thompson Angus , Peterson Gregory , Bindoff Ivan , Stafford Andrew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundRepeat prescribing of antibiotics is widespread in Australia. This may be associated with risks to individual patients and contribute to inappropriate antibiotic use.AimTo characterise the time intervals between dispensing of initial and repeat antibiotic prescriptions, and identify any associations between these intervals and information on treatment duration included in dosing directions.MethodA retrospective study of de‐identified antibiotic repeat dispensing records from 186 Australian pharmacies.ResultsA total of 12 516 repeat dispensings for amoxicillin/amoxycillin (5198, 41.5%) and cefalexin/cephalexin (7318, 58.5%) were analysed. Of these, 50.7% (6340) and 78.8% (9863) were collected within 2 and 30 days of the date on which the original supply should have been completed, respectively. The remainder were dispensed throughout the following 11 months. Compared to prescriptions with no reference to duration or a generic statement regarding course completion, specifying a course length exceeding that provided by the initial pack was associated with a significantly shorter interval between the dispensing of original and repeat prescriptions.ConclusionAround half of all supplied repeats appear to be used to extend initial courses, while around 1 in 5 repeat dispensings occur at least 1 month after the initial prescription, suggesting that they may be used to treat separate episodes of infection. The inclusion of specific information regarding treatment durations on prescriptions and in dispensing directions appears to influence patient behaviour. While addressing the whole practice of issuing antibiotic repeats remains desirable, these findings may be relevant for prescribers and pharmacists, and help efforts to extend antimicrobial stewardship principles to the community.
Co‐occurrence of citrinin and ochratoxin A in rice in Asia and its implications for human health
Authors: Ali Nurshad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCitrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are nephrotoxic mycotoxins, produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species and their co‐occurrence in rice may cause health effects in humans. Rice is an important food crop worldwide and is a major staple food in Asia which may be invaded by CIT and OTA producing fungal spores in the field, during harvest and storage. Humans are exposed to these mycotoxins through ingestion of contaminated rice and other food commodities. Yet, data on the combined presence to these food contaminants are still insufficient to estimate human exposure in Asia. This review describes the prevalence of CIT and OTA in rice in Asia and its implications on human health, which may help in establishing and carrying out proper management strategies against mould development on rice. From the health point of view, combined exposition of CIT and OTA should be a public concern as both are nephrotoxic and long‐term exposure can pose detrimental health effects. Thus, it is necessary for local farmers and food factories to implement strict measures and to improve methods for rice preservation during the distribution to consumers, particularly in the markets. Moreover, regular surveys for CIT and OTA occurrence in rice and human biomonitoring are recommended to reduce the health effects in Asian population. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Pore Size Distribution and Blend Composition Affect In Vitro Prevascularized Bone Matrix Formation on Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Gelatin Sponges
Authors: De la Ossa Jose Gustavo , Trombi Luisa , D'Alessandro Delfo , Coltelli Maria Beatrice , Serino Lorenzo Pio , Pini Roberto , Lazzeri Andrea , Petrini Mario , Danti Serena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study aims at identifying compositional and architectural (pore size and distribution) parameters of biocompatible scaffolds, which can be best suitable for both osteoblasts and endothelial cells to produce optimized 3D cocultured constructs. Spongy scaffolds are prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and gelatin (G) at different weight compositions (PVA/G range: 100/0–50/50, w/w) via emulsion and freeze‐drying. The higher the gelatin content, the larger is the volume occupied by higher size pores. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stromal cells are independently differentiated on the scaffolds to select the best candidate for the coculture. The results of metabolic activity and histology on single platforms show both cell‐ and material‐type dependent outcomes. PVA/G 80/20 scaffolds are finally selected and allow the formation of mineralized matrix containing organized endothelial‐like structures. This study highlights the need for systematic investigations on multifactorial parameters of scaffolds to improve vascularized bone substitutes.
Why do consumers recycle? A holistic perspective encompassing moral considerations, affective responses, and self‐interest motives
Authors: Onel Naz , Mukherjee Avinandan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, the recycling behavior of consumers is examined using a model developed based on the goal framing theory (GFT). The GFT provides a holistic comprehensive framework amalgamating three popular psychological theories—theory of planned behavior (TPB), values‐beliefs‐norms (VBNs) theory, and theory on affect (TA). The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that predict recycling behavior of consumers by examining the extent to which such behavior depends on moral considerations, affective responses, or self‐interest motives. A comprehensive multivariate model with 12 formulated hypotheses is tested with structural equation modeling (SEM) using survey data from 206 individuals. The results of the study indicate that GFT is an appropriate framework in explaining recycling behavior of consumers. The findings of the combined model suggest that while values (biospheric, egoistic), environmental concern, awareness of destructive consequences, ascription of responsibility to self, personal norms, subjective norms, attitudes toward behavior, perceived behavioral control, and intention do significantly predict recycling behavior, altruistic values do not explain behavior‐related intention. In particular, perceived behavioral control seems to be the strongest predictor of recycling intention. Variables of the TPB, which assess gain motives, seem to have the greatest explanatory power for recycling behavior of consumers when the combined model is examined. However, further comparative theory analysis indicates that the recycling behavior of consumers could be better explained by the VBN theory relative to the TPB or TA. The study offers important implications pertaining to environmentally sensitive consumer behavior that would be relevant for marketing managers and policymakers.
Control of Head/Tail Isomeric Structure in Polyimide and Isomerism‐Derived Difference in Molecular Packing and Properties
Authors: Luo Longbo , Dai Yu , Yuan Yihao , Wang Xu , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo sequence isomeric poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) are successfully synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and unsymmetrical 5(6)‐amino‐2‐(4‐aminobenzene) benzimidazole (PABZ). The syntheses are based on the site‐selective reactivity of head/tail amino groups of PABZ and solubility differences of PABZ in good solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) and poor solvent (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, NMP). The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) results reveal that the content of head tail–head tail (HTHT) bonding units in PAA‐DMSO (PAA synthesized in DMSO) is 37%, while this content increases to 54% in PAA‐NMP (PAA synthesized in NMP). The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results indicate polyimide (PI)‐NMP film with high HTHT content exhibits a semicrystalline structure, while PI‐DMSO film is amorphous. Moreover, PI‐NMP also shows higher in‐plane orientation than PI‐DMSO. The ordered molecular packing and higher in‐plane orientation of PI‐NMP lead to an increase in mechanical properties and a decrease in in‐plane thermal expansion coefficient.
Salt Responsive Morphologies of ssDNA‐Based Triblock Polyelectrolytes in Semi‐Dilute Regime: Effect of Volume Fractions and Polyelectrolyte Length
Authors: Li Nan K. , Kuang Huihui , Fuss William H. , Zauscher Stefan , Kokkoli Efrosini , Yingling Yaroslava G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA comprehensive study is reported on the effect of salt concentration, polyelectrolyte block length, and polymer concentration on the morphology and structural properties of nanoaggregates self‐assembled from BAB single‐strand DNA (ssDNA) triblock polynucleotides in which A represents polyelectrolyte blocks and B represents hydrophobic neutral blocks. A morphological phase diagram above the gelation point is developed as a function of solvent ionic strength and polyelectrolyte block length utilizing an implicit solvent ionic strength method for dissipative particle dynamics simulations. As the solvent ionic strength increases, the self‐assembled DNA network structures shrinks considerably, leading to a morphological transition from a micellar network to worm‐like or hamburger‐shape aggregates. This study provides insight into the network morphology and its changes by calculating the aggregation number, number of hydrophobic cores, and percentage of bridge chains in the network. The simulation results are corroborated through cryogenic transmission electron microscopy on the example of the self‐assembly of ssDNA triblocks.
The placebo effect on bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease with and without prior drug conditioning
Authors: Frisaldi Elisa , Carlino Elisa , Zibetti Maurizio , Barbiani Diletta , Dematteis Francesca , Lanotte Michele , Lopiano Leonardo , Benedetti Fabrizio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground: Placebo effects represent a major drawback in clinical trials, and their magnitude hampers the development of new treatments. Previous research showed that prior exposure to active treatments increases the placebo response for muscle rigidity in Parkinson's disease.Methods: We investigated the effects of prior exposure to apomorphine on the placebo response of another cardinal symptom of Parkinson's disease, bradykinesia, by a movement time analyzer.Results: We found no placebo response if the placebo was given for the first time, whereas the placebo response was substantial after prior pharmacological conditioning with apomorphine.Conclusions: These findings indicate that prior exposure to drugs is a critical factor in the occurrence and magnitude of placebo effects. These learning effects should be carefully assessed in clinical trials in which patients receive the active treatment first and then are randomized. Indeed, this sequence may generate high placebo responders. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Exact algorithms and bounds for the dynamic assignment interdiction problem
Authors: Sefair Jorge A. , Smith J. Cole 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study a multi‐stage dynamic assignment interdiction (DAI) game in which two agents, a user and an attacker, compete in the underlying bipartite assignment graph. The user wishes to assign a set of tasks at the minimum cost, and the attacker seeks to interdict a subset of arcs to maximize the user's objective. The user assigns exactly one task per stage, and the assignment costs and interdiction impacts vary across stages. Before any stage commences in the game, the attacker can interdict arcs subject to a cardinality constraint. An interdicted arc can still be used by the user, but at an increased assignment cost. The goal is to find an optimal sequence of assignments, coupled with the attacker's optimal interdiction strategy. We prove that this problem is strongly NP‐hard, even when the attacker can interdict only one arc. We propose an exact exponential‐state dynamic‐programming algorithm for this problem as well as lower and upper bounds on the optimal objective function value. Our bounds are based on classical interdiction and robust optimization models, and on variations of the DAI game. We examine the efficiency of our algorithms and the quality of our bounds on a set of randomly generated instances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 373–387, 2017
Animal Remains from Ritual Sites: A Cautionary Tale from the Eastern Adriatic
Authors: Gaastra J. S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article assesses the potential pitfalls of extant methods and criteria used for identifying the ritual use and consumption of animals. Previous analysis of the Late Iron Age sanctuary assemblage from Spila Nakovana identified the ritual consumption of domestic animals in the sanctuary through comparison with a common set of criteria for the identification of ritual patterning in faunal assemblages. A recent analysis of a larger sample from Spila Nakovana has overturned this original determination, leading to a re‐evaluation of the ranked importance of the common criteria utilised for ritual patterning identification. The importance of context is addressed in the determination of ritual patterning within archaeological faunal assemblages, with regard to both the direct and wider context of the sample. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging technologies for diabetes
Authors: Kennedy Eleanor D , Oliver Nick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe lives of people with diabetes may be revolutionised by an explosion of new product developments and launches. These emerging technologies include new continuous blood glucose monitoring, innovative insulin delivery techniques and novel data and decision support mechanisms that could improve HbA1c levels. In addition, to potentially decreasing the time spent either in hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia, these new technologies also have the potential to improve a patient's quality of life as well as to reduce the burden of self‐management. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
A Novel Use of Olaparib for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration‐Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martin Grace A. , Chen Adrienne H. , Parikh Kinjal 
Published: September 2017

Although mortality from prostate cancer has declined over the past 20 years as a result of early detection and treatment, the 5‐year survival rate for men with prostate cancer who develop metastatic disease is only 29%. Current treatment options for metastatic castration‐recurrent prostate cancer (mCRPC) are associated with toxicity and a limited durable response; therefore, additional lines of efficacious and minimally toxic therapy are needed. Olaparib, a poly(adenosine 5′‐diphosphate) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, received a U.S. Food and Drug Administration breakthrough therapy designation in January 2016 for the treatment of patients with BRCA1/2 or ATM gene‐mutated mCRPC based on results of a compelling phase II trial of olaparib in patients with advanced castration‐resistant prostate cancer (TOPARP‐A). This study found that men with mCRPC and genetic mutations in DNA damage repair genes had an overall response rate of nearly 90% with olaparib treatment. In this review, we describe current therapies for mCRPC, the rationale for anti‐PARP therapies, the pharmacology of olaparib for prostate cancer, clinical trials of olaparib for mCRPC, our clinical experience with olaparib for prostate cancer at a comprehensive cancer center, and future directions of olaparib for the treatment of mCRPC. Olaparib may constitute a promising treatment to prolong survival in patients with mCRPC, with an acceptable adverse effect profile. As the role of PARP inhibition in prostate cancer and other malignancies becomes further elucidated, olaparib may be shown to be beneficial for other patient populations.
Cognitive reactions of nurses exposed to cancer patients' traumatic experiences: A qualitative study to identify triggers of the onset of compassion fatigue
Authors: Fukumori Takaki , Miyazaki Atsuko , Takaba Chihiro , Taniguchi Saki , Asai Mariko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveNurses in cancer care are considered to be at risk for compassion fatigue because they are frequently exposed to patients' traumatic experiences. However, only a few effective empirical studies have been conducted in this field, and cognitive factors in particular have not been sufficiently studied. This study aims to describe the components of nurses' cognitive reactions from their exposure to cancer patients' traumatic experience to the onset of compassion fatigue.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 30 nurses in cancer care were purposively selected. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed by using content analysis and the constant comparative method.ResultsForty attributes were identified from 613 statements and classified into 11 categories: sense of professional inadequacy, compassion for patients and their families, desire to support patients and their families, rumination on oneself or one's family, sense of professional mission, dissatisfaction with medical staff, desire to integrate with colleagues, desire to avoid one's duties, conflict between one's belief and reality, reconsideration of the meaning of life, and sense of powerlessness over cancer.ConclusionsThis study identified important components of cognitive reactions of nurses who encounter the traumatic experiences of cancer patients in Japan. This information can contribute to the understanding of the onset of compassion fatigue and provide the foundation for nurses in cancer care to avoid and recover from compassion fatigue.
Filamin A (FLNA) mutation—A newcomer to the childhood interstitial lung disease (ChILD) classification
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan C. , Semple Thomas , Wallis Colin , Aurora Paul , Moledina Shahin , Ashworth Michael T. , Owens Catherine M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimInterstitial lung disease (ILD) in infants represents a rare and heterogenous group of disorders, distinct from those occurring in adults. In recent years a new entity within this category is being recognized, namely filamin A (FLNA) mutation related lung disease. Our aims are to describe the clinical and radiological course of patients with this disease entity to aid clinicians in the prognostic counseling and management of similar patients they may encounter.MethodA retrospective case note review was conducted of all patients treated at our institution (a specialist tertiary referral childrens’ center) for genetically confirmed FLNA mutation related lung disease. The clinical presentation, evolution, management and radiological features were recorded and a medical literature review of Medline indexed articles was conducted.ResultsWe present a case series of four patients with interstitial lung disease and genetically confirmed abnormalities within the FLNA gene. Their imaging findings all reveal a pattern of predominantly upper lobe overinflation, coarse pulmonary lobular septal thickening and diffuse patchy atelectasis. The clinical outcomes of our patients have been variable ranging from infant death, lobar resection and need for supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators.ConclusionThe progressive nature of the pulmonary aspect of this disorder and need for early aggressive supportive treatment make identification crucial to patient management and prognostic counseling.