bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crime and Establishment Size: Evidence from South America
Authors: Oguzoglu Umut , Ranasinghe Ashantha 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Establishment exposure to crime is a frequent occurrence and a severe impediment to business operation in developing economies. We present a simple theory for the frequency and severity of crime across establishment size and evaluate its central predictions using micro-data. We find that high expectation of crime at the establishment level is strongly associated with lower sales, labor and capital. Consistent with our theory, crime has a differential role across size and is less prevalent among the smallest and largest establishments. When evaluated relative to major distortions to production highlighted in developing economies, crime remains important for explaining establishment size.
The role of radiology in diagnostic error: a medical malpractice claims review
Authors: Siegal Dana , Stratchko Lindsay M. , DeRoo Courtney 
Published: September 2017

AbstractJust as radiologic studies allow us to see past the surface to the vulnerable and broken parts of the human body, medical malpractice claims help us see past the surface of medical errors to the deeper vulnerabilities and potentially broken aspects of our healthcare delivery system. And just as the insights we gain through radiologic studies provide focus for a treatment plan for healing, so too can the analysis of malpractice claims provide insights to improve the delivery of safe patient care. We review 1325 coded claims where Radiology was the primary service provider to better understand the problems leading to patient harm, and the opportunities most likely to improve diagnostic care in the future.
Doubly Robust Estimator for Indirectly Standardized Mortality Ratios
Authors: Daignault Katherine , Saarela Olli 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRoutinely collected administrative and clinical data are increasingly being utilized for comparing quality of care outcomes between hospitals. This problem can be considered in a causal inference framework, as such comparisons have to be adjusted for hospital-specific patient case-mix, which can be done using either an outcome or assignment model. It is often of interest to compare the performance of hospitals against the average level of care in the health care system, using indirectly standardized mortality ratios, calculated as a ratio of observed to expected quality outcome. A doubly robust estimator makes use of both outcome and assignment models in the case-mix adjustment, requiring only one of these to be correctly specified for valid inferences. Doubly robust estimators have been proposed for direct standardization in the quality comparison context, and for standardized risk differences and ratios in the exposed population, but as far as we know, not for indirect standardization. We present the causal estimand in indirect standardization in terms of potential outcome variables, propose a doubly robust estimator for this, and study its properties. We also consider the use of a modified assignment model in the presence of small hospitals.
Volume Averaged Equations for Mass Transport and Reaction for In-Situ Combustion
Authors: Aguilar-Madera Carlos G. , Cazarez-Candia Octavio , Valdés-Parada Francisco J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In-situ combustion (ISC) is an oil recovery technique where many phenomena can take place simultaneously such as: chemical reactions, phase change, heat transfer, mass transport, thermodynamic equilibrium, and so on. Each one of these phenomena may have important contributions over the ISC behavior at any scale of interest as lab-scale, inter-wells or reservoir-scale. In this work, a mass transport study is presented. Firstly, the appropriate phase and interface governing equations at pore-scale are set up. Later, the volume averaged equations valid at macroscale are rigorously derived using the volume averaging method (VAM). The theoretical analysis is general and applies for typical oil-water-gas-rock systems found in petroleum reservoirs, and for any number of chemical species distributed in the phases. The model also allows the existence of several heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions. From this general point of view, the volume averaged equations governing species and phase mass transport at macroscale, along its closure scheme to predict the effective transport parameters, are presented. We have clearly identified the length scale constraints and assumptions that support our derivations. In future works, we shall expand the range of applicability of the model by relaxing some of these assumptions. To demonstrate the applicability of the average models, we numerically predicted the longitudinal mass dispersion of oxygen for passive and reactive mass transport problems at lab-scale. The general trends of theoretical results are in concordance with previous works.
Simulation Model of a Production Facility of Agaricus bisporus Mycelium for Decision-Making Support
Authors: Latorre-Biel Juan Ignacio , Jiménez Emilio , Pérez Mercedes , Leiva F.J. , Martínez E. , Blanco J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Sustainability and efficiency are key factors in agro-food industry, since the success of companies in this sector relies on the achievement of these objectives. Decision-making support may contribute decisively to this task. A model for a production facility of mycelium of the mushroom variety of Agaricus bisporus is described. This model has been developed using the paradigm of the Petri nets and can be integrated in a decision support tool for performing structural analysis with the purpose of identifying certain features, such as feasible deadlocks. A complementary and promising possibility consists of using the model for performance evaluation by simulation of the behavior of the system in combination with the outcome of a life cycle assessment. This approach allows developing a what-if analysis or an optimization process to seek for good or quasi-optimal decisions taking into account financial, as well as environmental issues, among other possibilities.
How L2 learners of French and English express modality using verbal means: A crosslinguistic and developmental study
Authors: Leclercq Pascale , Edmonds Amanda 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study describes and analyzes how native and non-native speakers express modality using verbal means during oral retellings. Participants included native speakers of French and English, as well as English-speaking learners of French and French-speaking learners of English at three levels of language proficiency. All participants performed the same short film retelling, which was then transcribed and analyzed in terms of modalization. Results show that all groups use verbal modal means, although rates, meanings and types of modal forms used vary across the two languages, and especially as a function of second language proficiency.
Fetal death: an extreme manifestation of maternal anti-fetal rejection
Authors: Lannaman Kia , Romero Roberto , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Kim Yeon Mee , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Maymon Eli , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Panaitescu Bogdan , Hassan Sonia S. , Yeo Lami , Yoon Bo Hyun , Jai Kim Chong , Erez Offer 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the association between chronic placental inflammation and amniotic fluid (AF) markers of maternal anti-fetal rejection as well as the presence of microorganisms in the AF fluid of patients with fetal death.

Study Design:
This cohort study included 40 patients with fetal death whose placentas were examined for chronic inflammatory lesions and whose AF chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were determined by immunoassays. AF was processed for bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses using cultivation and molecular microbiologic techniques (i.e. PCR-ESI/MS).

Results:
(1) The most prevalent placental findings were maternal vascular underperfusion (63.2%, 24/38), followed by chronic inflammatory lesions (57.9%, 22/38); (2) chronic chorioamnionitis (18/38) was three times more frequent than villitis of unknown etiology (6/38); (3) an elevated AF CXCL10 concentration (above the 95th centile) was present in 60% of the cases, and a receiver operating characteristics (ROC)-derived cut-off of 2.9 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 75% in the identification of chronic placental inflammatory lesions; (4) only five cases had microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, and the presence of microorganisms did not correlate with chronic placental inflammation.

Conclusion:
In women with unexplained fetal death, there is an association between elevated AF CXCL10 and chronic placental inflammatory lesions. Therefore, we conclude that a subset of patients with fetal death may have endured a breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance, which cannot be attributed to microorganisms in the amniotic cavity.
Facts and misconceptions on the Palaearctic existence of the striped ground squirrel
Authors: Kryštufek Boris , Stanciu Cătălin , Ivajnšič Danijel , Cherkaoui Sidi Imad , Janžekovič Franc 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The striped ground squirrel has a wide distribution in the Ethiopian region but is restricted to a small isolated area in Palaearctic Africa. This fragment was first recorded in the late 1940s in the Souss Valley (Morocco), however, not a single new observation has been published in the following decades. In September 2016 we surveyed the Souss Valley and found squirrels at 43 sites within the triangle between Agadir–Taroudant–Tiznit. Occupied sites were not distributed at random but occurred between an altitude of 45–254 m and on a substrate with coarse texture containing >65% sand. The vast majority of the sites with squirrels (69%) were classified as suburban, cultivated or both. Habitat suitability was estimated by applying geographically weighted logistic regression analysis. The influence of local predictor variables varied across the study area indicating the heterogeneous effects on the determination of the occurrence of the species. The modelled highly suitable habitat area for the striped ground squirrel in Morocco covers almost 690 km2 and only marginally overlaps the range for the species reported in the literature.
Using Eminent Domain for Economic Development: Does it Increase Private Sector Employment?
Authors: Turnbull Geoffrey , Salvino Robert , Tasto Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough controversial, local and state governments draw on broad interpretations of the Fifth Amendment takings clause to justify using eminent domain for economic development. Previous studies examine such uses from the perspective of property rights and the scope and size of government. This paper addresses the fundamental question: Do states that grant local governments liberal eminent domain powers actually enjoy greater economic growth? This paper estimates how liberal eminent domain laws affect private sector employment growth across states while controlling for national trend and industry mix effects. The results clearly show that allowing local governments to use eminent domain for economic development does not lead to more private sector jobs.
Confidence intervals for heritability via Haseman-Elston regression
Authors: Sofer Tamar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeritability is the proportion of phenotypic variance in a population that is attributable to individual genotypes. Heritability is considered an important measure in both evolutionary biology and in medicine, and is routinely estimated and reported in genetic epidemiology studies. In population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS), mixed models are used to estimate variance components, from which a heritability estimate is obtained. The estimated heritability is the proportion of the model’s total variance that is due to the genetic relatedness matrix (kinship measured from genotypes). Current practice is to use bootstrapping, which is slow, or normal asymptotic approximation to estimate the precision of the heritability estimate; however, this approximation fails to hold near the boundaries of the parameter space or when the sample size is small. In this paper we propose to estimate variance components via a Haseman-Elston regression, find the asymptotic distribution of the variance components and proportions of variance, and use them to construct confidence intervals (CIs). Our method is further developed to obtain unbiased variance components estimators and construct CIs by meta-analyzing information from multiple studies. We demonstrate our approach on data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
Staying over-optimistic about the future: Uncovering attentional biases to climate change messages
Authors: Beattie Geoffrey , Marselle Melissa , McGuire Laura , Litchfield Damien 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere is considerable concern that the public are not getting the message about climate change. One possible explanation is “optimism bias,” where individuals overestimate the likelihood of positive events happening to them and underestimate the likelihood of negative events. Evidence from behavioral neuroscience suggest that this bias is underpinned by selective information processing, specifically through a reduced level of neural coding of undesirable information, and an unconscious tendency for optimists to avoid fixating negative information. Here we test how this bias in attention could relate to the processing of climate change messages. Using eye tracking, we found that level of dispositional optimism affected visual fixations on climate change messages. Optimists spent less time (overall dwell time) attending to any arguments about climate changes (either “for” or “against”) with substantially shorter individual fixations on aspects of arguments for climate change, i.e., those that reflect the scientific consensus but are bad news. We also found that when asked to summarize what they had read, non-optimists were more likely to frame their recall in terms of the arguments “for” climate change; optimists were significantly more likely to frame it in terms of a debate between two opposing positions. Those highest in dispositional optimism seemed to have the strongest and most pronounced level of optimism bias when it came to estimating the probability of being personally affected by climate change. We discuss the importance of overcoming this cognitive bias to develop more effective strategies for communicating about climate change.
Stability of phenolic content of some herbal infusions and their antioxidant activity following in vitro digestion
Authors: Celep Engin , Akyuz Selin , İnan Yigit , Yesilada Erdem 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Herbal infusions are among the most widely consumed beverages throughout the world. Their popularity arises due to not only their pleasant aroma and taste, but also their high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. A vast number of in vitro studies revealed their high phenolic content, together with strong antioxidant activity. However, the majority of them seem to ignore some important physiological parameters, such as bioavailability or bioaccessibility. The present study was planned to evaluate the stability of phenolic content and antioxidant activities of seven most widely preferred herbal infusions. A stimulated version of gastrointestinal infusion was added to the study for comparative purposes. The results indicated the loss of both phenolic content and antioxidant activity of herbal infusions after being submitted to digestion.
Literalität und Institution
Authors: Grund-Wittenberg Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung:Von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Erforschung der Literaturgeschichte Israels ist die Vertiefung von Einsichten in lebensweltliche Kontexte und Motive von Verschriftungsprozessen. Der Beitrag diskutiert die verschiedenen methodischen Zugänge hierzu: kulturgeschichtliche Einsichten, Kenntnisse aus den Umweltkulturen, biblische Belege und außerbiblische Zeugnisse aus dem antiken Israel / Palästina. Er skizziert die wesentlichen Einsichten dieser Zugänge und erörtert ihre Möglichkeiten und Grenzen.
Varying Aperture Long Slot (VALS), a Method for Studying Grout Penetrability into Fractured Hard Rock
Authors: Ghafar Ali Nejad , Sadrizadeh Sasan , Magakis Konstantinos , Draganovic Almir , Larsson Stefan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the design, manufacturing, and assembly of a new laboratory apparatus for investigation of grout filtration tendency and penetrability into rock fractures. The method makes it possible to examine grout samples composed of a wide range of cements and additives/admixtures with different water-to-solid ratios. The apparatus can be used to investigate the influence of different parameters on grout penetrability. Examples of these parameters include the cement particle size/distribution curves/chemical compositions, and the type and ratio of additives/admixtures that provide a variety of setting/hardening times, and rheological and strength properties. The grouting operation into the rock fractures is replicated using an artificial slot with 4-m-long constrictions varying from 230 to 10 µm, and selective inlet and outlet. The apparatus can also accommodate grouting experiments under both static and dynamic pressure conditions up to 1,500 kPa to study their influence. Illustrative results are also provided.
Controlling Plasma Nitriding of Ferrous Alloys
Authors: Roliński E. , Sharp G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The control of plasma nitriding relies on the ability to effect the transfer of nitrogen species into the cathode. Those species are either N+ ions implanted into the cathode or adsorbed nascent nitrogen atoms, coming from decomposed N2+ and NHx+ radicals or from FeN clusters of sputtered iron atoms deposited on its surface. The latter contribute also to the formation of the dusty plasma, which may have negative consequences when processing complex geometry parts, especially those made of stainless steels. Control of the sputtering intensity is accomplished by using modern pulse plasma generators, allowing for a variable duty cycle, as well as for the setting of voltage and/or current at a specific level. Therefore, proper balancing of the energy input between plasma and the furnace radiation in hot-wall systems is extremely important. Plasma density is responsible for the formation of the active nitrogen species and has a direct effect on the thickness of the compound layer (CL), or depth of the diffusion layer (DL), if CL is not formed. Flow rate of the gases containing nitrogen has no effect on their absorption by the cathode in a very broad range and has no effect on formation of a nitrided layer, although precise control of the flow rate may have some benefits because the absorption rate of nitrogen changes during the cycle affecting characteristics of glow discharge. Partial pressure of nitrogen has a direct effect on the amount of nitrogen in the cathode surface and thickness of the compound layer. The best applications for plasma nitriding include stainless-steel products processed in a very broad range of temperatures, sintered PM products, parts requiring partial treatment, stamping dies, and many others.
Genomic Relatedness Strengthens Genetic Connectedness Across Management Units
Authors: Yu Haipeng , Spangler Matthew L , Lewis Ronald M , Morota Gota 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Genetic connectedness refers to a measure of genetic relatedness across management units (e.g., herds and flocks). With the presence of high genetic connectedness in management units, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is known to provide reliable comparisons between estimated genetic values. Genetic connectedness has been studied for pedigree-based BLUP; however, relatively little attention has been paid to using genomic information to measure connectedness. In this study, we assessed genome-based connectedness across management units by applying prediction error variance of difference (PEVD), coefficient of determination (CD), and prediction error correlation r to a combination of computer simulation and real data (mice and cattle). We found that genomic information (G) increased the estimate of connectedness among individuals from different management units compared to that based on pedigree (A). A disconnected design benefited the most. In both datasets, PEVD and CD statistics inferred increased connectedness across units when using G- rather than A-based relatedness, suggesting stronger connectedness. With r once using allele frequencies equal to one-half or scaling G to values between 0 and 2, which is intrinsic to A, connectedness also increased with genomic information. However, PEVD occasionally increased, and r decreased when obtained using the alternative form of G, instead suggesting less connectedness. Such inconsistencies were not found with CD. We contend that genomic relatedness strengthens measures of genetic connectedness across units and has the potential to aid genomic evaluation of livestock species.
Parent-Provider Miscommunications in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Khan Alisa , Furtak Stephannie L. , Melvin Patrice , Rogers Jayne E. , Schuster Mark A. , Landrigan Christopher P. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:Miscommunications lead to medical errors and suboptimal hospital experience. Parent-provider miscommunications are understudied.OBJECTIVES:(1) Examine characteristics of parent-provider miscommunications about hospitalized children, (2) describe associations among parent-provider miscommunications, parent-reported errors, and hospital experience, and (3) compare parent and attending physician reports of parent-provider miscommunications.METHODS:Prospective cohort study of 471 parents of 0- to 17-year-old medical inpatients in a pediatric hospital between May 1, 2013 and October 1, 2014. At discharge, parents reported parent-provider miscommunication and type (selecting all applicable responses), overall experience, and errors during hospitalization. During discharge billing, the attending physicians (n = 52) of a subset of patients (n = 217) also reported miscommunications, enabling comparison of parent and attending physician reports. We used logistic regression to examine characteristics of parent-reported miscommunications; McNemar’s test to examine associations between miscommunications, errors, and top-box (eg, “excellent”) experience; and generalized estimating equations to compare parent- and attending physician-reported miscommunication rates.RESULTS:Parents completed 406 surveys (86.2% response rate). 15.3% of parents (n = 62) reported miscommunications. Parents of patients with nonpublic insurance (odds ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–3.85) and longer lengths of stay (odds ratio: 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.23) more commonly reported miscommunications. Parents reporting miscommunications were 5.3 times more likely to report errors and 78.6% less likely to report top-box overall experience (P &lt; .001 for both). Among patients with both parent and attending physician surveys, 16.1% (n = 35) of parents and 3.7% (n = 8) of attending physicians reported miscommunications (P &lt; .001). Both parents and attending physicians attributed miscommunications most often to family receipt of conflicting information.CONCLUSIONS:Parent-provider miscommunications were associated with parent-reported errors and suboptimal hospital experience. Parents reported parent-provider miscommunications more often than attending physicians did.