bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of complicated and medically refractory inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy
Authors: Killeen S. , Gunn J. , Hartley J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pregnancy and the puerperium is well defined. Data on surgical management of complicated IBD in this setting are lacking. This study aimed to determine the optimal surgical strategy for medically refractory IBD during pregnancy and the puerperium.MethodThree databases were systematically reviewed to identify all published series or case reports of women undergoing surgery for Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) while pregnant or during the puerperium.ResultsThirty‐two papers were identified, including 86 patients. Nearly one‐fifth (18%) of cases were de novo presentations and intervention was required at all stages of pregnancy. UC refractory to medical treatment and perforated small bowel CD were the commonest indications for surgery. Operations used included colectomy, colectomy with mucous fistula and Turnbull‐blowhole colostomy for complicated UC and open or laparoscopic small bowel resection with stoma formation for CD. Surgical intervention during the third trimester universally resulted in the onset of labour. Endoscopic and radiological interventions were rarely employed. In studies after 1980 there was no maternal or foetal mortality but there was an almost 50% preterm delivery rate.ConclusionSurgical management of complicated IBD during pregnancy and the puerperium needs to be tailored to disease severity, the type of complications and foetal status. It should involve gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, obstetricians and neonatal specialists in a multidisciplinary manner within a single unit.
Modified side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty over the ileocaecal valve for the surgical treatment of terminal ileal Crohn's disease: the ultimate bowel sparing technique?
Authors: de Buck van Overstraeten A. , Wolthuis A. M. , D'Hoore A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe study describes the technique of a modified side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty over the ileocaecal valve.MethodThe technical details of a modified side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty of the terminal ileum for stricturing Crohn's disease is described including Figs. 1 and 2 and a video illustration (Video S1).ResultsBetween November 2010 and December 2015, 36 patients underwent a side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty of the (neo‐)terminal ileum (men 14/36; median age 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 26−51 years]). Thirty were operated by either multiport or single port laparoscopy. The median length of hospital stay was 9 (IQR 8−11) days. Anastomotic leakage occurred in two patients both in the first five cases. In both the anastomosis could be rescued by additional suturing. After a median follow‐up of 18.9 (IQR 7.0−36.0) months, 14 patients had developed clinical recurrence and one had a surgical recurrence at 63 months.ConclusionA modified side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty is a feasible and safe technique, rendering maximal bowel sparing surgery possible.
Indications for and outcome of primary repair compared with faecal diversion in the management of traumatic colon injury
Authors: Fouda E. , Emile S. , Elfeki H. , Youssef M. , Ghanem A. , Fikry A. A. , Elshobaky A. , Omar W. , Khafagy W. , Morshed M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimInjuries of the colon are a serious sequel of abdominal trauma owing to the associated morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess postoperative outcome and complications of faecal diversion and primary repair of colon injuries when applied according to established guidelines for the management of colon injuries.MethodThis retrospective study was conducted on 110 patients with colon injuries. Guided by estimation of risk factors, patients were managed either by primary repair alone, repair with proximal diversion or diversion alone.ResultsThere were 102 (92.7%) male patients and 8 (7.3%) female patients of median age 38 years. Thirty‐seven were managed by primary repair and 73 by faecal diversion. Colon injuries were caused by penetrating abdominal trauma in 65 and blunt trauma in 45 patients. Forty‐three patients were in shock on admission, and were all managed by faecal diversion. Forty patients developed 84 complications after surgery. Primary repair had a significantly lower complication rate than faecal diversion (P = 0.037). Wound infection was the commonest complication. The overall mortality rate was 3.6%.ConclusionPrimary repair, when employed properly, resulted in a significantly lower complication rate than faecal diversion. Significant predictive factors associated with a higher complication rate were faecal diversion, severe faecal contamination, multiple colon injuries, an interval of more than 12 h after colon injury and shock.
Observational pilot study of reported symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in children with epilepsy
Authors: Urquhart Don S , Kehinde Olaniyi O , Mclellan Ailsa E 
Published: June 2016

AimTo estimate symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in children with epilepsy (CWE) compared with those in a typically developing comparison group. CWE are known to have poor sleep, with increased rates of OSA suggested.MethodThe Sleep‐Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ‐SRBD) was used to estimate OSA symptoms, with scores ≤0.33 known to be highly sensitive and specific for OSA. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess EDS, with scores of 10 or above considered abnormal.ResultsThirty‐three CWE (21 males, 12 females) were studied (median age [interquartile range {IQR}] 9y [5–12]), along with 42 comparison children (20 males, 22 females; median age [IQR] 6y [4–8.5]). Fifty‐five per cent of CWE scored 0.33 or higher on the PSQ‐SRBD compared with 7% in the comparison group (p<0.001), and 30% of CWE had an abnormal ESS compared with 5% controls (p=0.003). Within the CWE cohort, PSQ‐SRDB and ESS appeared higher in those taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); although PSQ‐SRBD score for CWE not on AEDs was higher than in the comparison group.InterpretationThis study suggests higher rates of symptoms of OSA and EDS in CWE compared with typically developing children. AEDs may be a confounding factor, but do not alone account for the associations seen. Further studies including polysomnography to verify the presence (rather than suggestion by questionnaire) of OSA are warranted.
An in situ assessment of local adaptation in a calcifying polychaete from a shallow CO2 vent system
Authors: Lucey Noelle M. , Lombardi Chiara , Florio Maurizio , DeMarchi Lucia , Nannini Matteo , Rundle Simon , Gambi Maria Cristina , Calosi Piero 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is likely to exert selective pressure on natural populations. Our ability to predict which marine species will adapt to OA and what underlies this adaptive potential is of high conservation and resource management priority. Using a naturally low‐pH vent site in the Mediterranean Sea (Castello Aragonese, Ischia) mirroring projected future OA conditions, we carried out a reciprocal transplant experiment to investigate the relative importance of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in two populations of the sessile, calcifying polychaete Simplaria sp. (Annelida, Serpulidae, Spirorbinae): one residing in low pH and the other from a nearby ambient (i.e. high) pH site. We measured a suite of fitness‐related traits (i.e. survival, reproductive output, maturation, population growth) and tube growth rates in laboratory‐bred F2 generation individuals from both populations reciprocally transplanted back into both ambient and low‐pH in situ habitats. Both populations showed lower expression in all traits, but increased tube growth rates, when exposed to low‐pH compared with high‐pH conditions, regardless of their site of origin suggesting that local adaptation to low‐pH conditions has not occurred. We also found comparable levels of plasticity in the two populations investigated, suggesting no influence of long‐term exposure to low pH on the ability of populations to adjust their phenotype. Despite high variation in trait values among sites and the relatively extreme conditions at the low pH site (pH < 7.36), response trends were consistent across traits. Hence, our data suggest that, for Simplaria and possibly other calcifiers, neither local adaptations nor sufficient phenotypic plasticity levels appear to suffice in order to compensate for the negative impacts of OA on long‐term survival. Our work also emphasizes the utility of field experiments in natural environments subjected to high level of pCO2 for elucidating the potential for adaptation to future scenarios of OA.
Potential seal bypass and caprock storage produced by deformation‐band‐to‐opening‐mode‐fracture transition at the reservoir/caprock interface
Authors: Raduha S. , Butler D. , Mozley P. S. , Person M. , Evans J. , Heath J. E. , Dewers T. A. , Stauffer P. H. , Gable C. W. , Kelkar S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examined the potential impact on CO2 transport of zones of deformation bands in reservoir rock that transition to opening‐mode fractures within overlying caprock. Sedimentological and petrophysical measurements were collected along an approximately 5 m × 5 m outcrop of the Slick Rock and Earthy Members of the Entrada Sandstone on the eastern flank of the San Rafael Swell, Utah, USA. Measured deformation band permeability (2 mD) within the reservoir facies is about three orders of magnitude lower than the host sandstone. Average permeability of the caprock facies (0.0005 mD) is about seven orders of magnitude lower than the host sandstone. Aperture‐based permeability estimates of the opening‐mode caprock fractures are high (3.3 × 107 mD). High‐resolution CO2–H2O transport models incorporate these permeability data at the millimeter scale. We varied fault properties at the reservoir/caprock interface between open fractures and deformation bands as part of a sensitivity study. Numerical modeling results suggest that zones of deformation bands within the reservoir strongly compartmentalize reservoir pressures largely blocking lateral, cross‐fault flow of supercritical CO2. Significant vertical CO2 transport into the caprock occurred in some scenarios along opening‐mode fractures. The magnitude of this vertical CO2 transport depends on the small‐scale geometry of the contact between the opening‐mode fracture and the zone of deformation bands, as well as the degree to which fractures penetrate caprock. The presence of relatively permeable units within the caprock allows storage of significant volumes of CO2, particularly when the fracture network does not extend all the way through the caprock.
The F, Cl, Br and I Contents of Reference Glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, GSE‐1G, NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612
Authors: Marks Michael A. W. , Kendrick Mark A. , Eby G. Nelson , Zack Thomas , Wenzel Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Halogen contents for the widely distributed reference glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, GSE‐1G, NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 were investigated by pyrohydrolysis combined with ion chromatography, total reflection X‐ray fluorescence analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, the noble gas method, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Glasses BHVO‐2G, GSD‐1G and GSE‐1G have halogen contents that can be reproduced at the 15% level by all bulk techniques and cover a significant range in halogen mass fractions for F (~ 20–300 μg g−1), Cl (~ 70–1220 μg g−1) and Br (~ 0.2–285 μg g−1) and I (~ 9–3560 ng g−1). The BIR‐1G glass has low F (< 15 μg g−1), Cl (~ 20 μg g−1), Br (15 ng g−1) and I (3 ng g−1). The halogen contents for the silica‐rich NIST SRM 610 and 612 glasses were poorly reproduced by the different techniques. The relatively high Cl, Br and I abundances in glasses GSD‐1G and GSE‐1G mean that these glasses are well suited for calibrating spatially resolved micro‐analytical studies on silicate glasses, melt and fluid inclusions. Combined EPMA and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry data for glass GSE‐1G demonstrate homogeneity at the 10% level for Cl and Br.
Factors Influencing Response to Pharmacologic Treatment of Migraine in a Pediatric Headache Clinic
Authors: Markus Tal Eidlitz , Moad Bder , Haimi‐Cohen Yishai , Zeharia Avraham 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe responses of different patients to the same drug may vary as a consequence of biologic, psychosocial, and genetic differences. The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with a response to pharmacologic treatment in pediatric patients with migraine.MethodsThe medical files of patients with migraine attending the headache clinic of a tertiary pediatric medical center in 2010‐2015 were reviewed. The children and parents (or only the parents if the child was very young) completed the International Headache Society‐based questionnaire. Patients were treated with at least one of the following medications: propranolol, amitriptyline, topiramate. Response to treatment was rated as no change in migraine pattern (grade 1) or a decrease in migraine attack frequency per month by at least 50% (grade 2) or at least 75% (grade 3). The highest‐grade response to any pharmacologic treatment was defined as the best clinical response.ResultsThe study group included 248 patients of mean age 12.71 ± 3.04 years. A grade 3 best clinical response was significantly associated with a positive maternal history of migraine, younger age at treatment onset, lower frequency of headache attacks per month, postpubertal children had a significantly lower rate of grade 3 response than prepubertal children (P < .05). Analysis of the association of overuse of medication and treatment response achieved aPvalue equal to .05.ConclusionsSeveral background and clinical factors are identified that may predispose children with migraine to respond better to pharmacologic treatment. Clinicians who see children with migraine in a pediatric headache clinic setting should consider these factors before initiating a treatment program.
The Role of Melatonin in the Treatment of Primary Headache Disorders
Authors: Gelfand Amy A. , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo provide a summary of knowledge about the use of melatonin in the treatment of primary headache disorders.BackgroundMelatonin is secreted by the pineal gland; its production is regulated by the hypothalamus and increases during periods of darkness.MethodsWe undertook a narrative review of the literature on the role of melatonin in the treatment of primary headache disorders.ResultsThere are randomized placebo‐controlled trials examining melatonin for preventive treatment of migraine and cluster headache. For cluster headache, melatonin 10 mg was superior to placebo. For migraine, a randomized placebo‐controlled trial of melatonin 3 mg (immediate release) was positive, though an underpowered trial of melatonin 2 mg (sustained release) was negative. Uncontrolled studies, case series, and case reports cover melatonin's role in treating tension‐type headache, hypnic headache, hemicrania continua, SUNCT/SUNA and primary stabbing headache.ConclusionsMelatonin may be effective in treating several primary headache disorders, particularly cluster headache and migraine. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of benefit of melatonin in different headache disorders, as well as clarifying optimal dosing and formulation.
Long Lasting Impairment of Taste and Smell as Side Effect of Lithium Carbonate in a Cluster Headache Patient
Authors: de Coo Ilse F. , Haan Joost 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPreventive treatment with lithium carbonate is a therapeutic option for chronic cluster headache. Lithium can lead to a broad spectrum of severe side effects, many of which are generally unknown.Case descriptionOne week after starting treatment with lithium, a 55‐year‐old man with chronic cluster headache noticed a strange and unpleasant taste of various foods and a diminished smell. After 4 weeks, he decided to stop the therapy because of these complaints, but 9 months later both taste and smell still had not returned to normal.DiscussionWe present the first description of long‐lasting dysgeusia and hyposmia as a side effect of lithium therapy in cluster headache. Dysgeusia has only rarely been reported as a side effect of lithium in other conditions and hyposmia has not previously been reported. Physicians should be aware of this rare, but severe, side effect when prescribing lithium.
Prediction of hepatic cyst recurrence after minocycline hydrochloride aspiration sclerotherapy using cyst computed tomography values
Authors: Iijima Takashi , Suwabe Tatsuya , Sumida Keiichi , Hayami Noriko , Mise Koki , Hoshino Junichi , Takaichi Kenmei , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: June 2016

AimPolycystic liver disease (PLD) occasionally leads to abdominal pain, distention, and discomfort due to massively enlarged cysts. Patients with a small number of large liver cysts, which correspond to Gigot's classification type 1 PLD, are reported to be good candidates for treatment by aspiration sclerotherapy. However, there is a 21% reported recurrence rate of an enlarged cyst. A rule to predict outcome of aspiration sclerotherapy is explored in this study.MethodsThe medical records of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease or isolated polycystic liver disease, who underwent minocycline hydrochloride cyst aspiration sclerotherapy for their symptomatic PLD, were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in the volume of cysts from before to 1 year after treatment were calculated using computed tomography (CT) images. Mean CT values of the largest planes of cysts were also calculated. Specific gravity and other laboratory parameters of aspirated cyst fluid were also retrospectively investigated.ResultsIn total, 12 patients were selected and 21 cysts were analyzed that received aspiration sclerotherapy. Mean CT values more than 13.34 HU were predictive for 1‐year non‐sustainability of a cyst volume of less than 30% compared with the volume prior to the therapy. Specific gravity had good positive correlation with mean CT value and other laboratory parameters indicating exudative properties were also high in recurred cysts.ConclusionsThe CT values of cysts may become an aid in appropriate selection of therapy in patients with symptomatic polycystic disease by distinguishing cysts that are resistant to aspiration sclerotherapy.
Polymorphism in the chemokine receptor 7 gene (CCR7) is associated with previous myocardial infarction in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography
Authors: Wołkow P. P. , Drabik L. , Totoń‐Żurańska J. , Kuś K. , Foryś J. , Słowik A. , Pera J. , Godlewski J. , Tomala M. , Żmudka K. , Olszanecki R. , Jawień J. , Korbut R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major cause of death in developed countries. Both environmental and, less known, genetic factors contribute to progression of CAD to myocardial infarction (MI). Immune system is activated in patients with CAD through dendritic cells (DCs), which present plaque antigens to T lymphocytes. Production of proinflammatory cytokines by activated T cells contributes to plaque rupture in MI. Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) on DCs is required for their chemotaxis from plaque to lymph nodes. This makes possible an interaction of DCs with T lymphocytes and initiation of specific immune response. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CCR7 gene locus are associated with previous MI in patients with CAD. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped six SNPs from the CCR7 gene locus in 300 consecutive patients, admitted for elective coronary angiography. We performed univariate‐, multivariate‐ (including potential confounders) and haplotype‐based tests of association of SNPs with previous MI and results of angiography. Allele A of rs17708087 SNP was associated with previous MI. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and drugs used by patients (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–3.86). Therefore, we conclude that CCR7 gene locus harbours a polymorphism that modifies risk of MI in patients with CAD. Replication of this association could be sought in a prospective cohort of initially healthy individuals.
CD8 T‐cell responses against the immunodominant Theileria parva peptide Tp249–59 are composed of two distinct populations specific for overlapping 11‐mer and 10‐mer epitopes
Authors: Connelley Timothy K. , Li Xiaoying , MacHugh Niall , Colau Didier , Graham Simon P. , van der Bruggen Pierre , Taracha Evans L. , Gill Andy , Morrison William Ivan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryImmunity against Theileria parva is associated with CD8 T‐cell responses that exhibit immunodominance, focusing the response against limited numbers of epitopes. As candidates for inclusion in vaccines, characterization of responses against immunodominant epitopes is a key component in novel vaccine development. We have previously demonstrated that the Tp249–59 and Tp1214–224 epitopes dominate CD8 T‐cell responses in BoLA‐A10 and BoLA‐18 MHC I homozygous animals, respectively. In this study, peptide–MHC I tetramers for these epitopes, and a subdominant BoLA‐A10‐restricted epitope (Tp298–106), were generated to facilitate accurate and rapid enumeration of epitope‐specific CD8 T cells. During validation of these tetramers a substantial proportion of Tp249–59‐reactive T cells failed to bind the tetramer, suggesting that this population was heterogeneous with respect to the recognized epitope. We demonstrate that Tp250–59 represents a distinct epitope and that tetramers produced with Tp50–59 and Tp49–59 show no cross‐reactivity. The Tp249–59 and Tp250–59 epitopes use different serine residues as the N‐terminal anchor for binding to the presenting MHC I molecule. Molecular dynamic modelling predicts that the two peptide–MHC I complexes adopt structurally different conformations and Tcell receptor β sequence analysis showed that Tp249–59 and Tp250–59 are recognized by non‐overlapping T‐cell receptor repertoires. Together these data demonstrate that although differing by only a single residue, Tp249–59 and Tp250–59 epitopes form distinct ligands for T‐cell receptor recognition. Tetramer analysis of T. parva‐specific CD8 T‐cell lines confirmed the immunodominance of Tp1214–224 in BoLA‐A18 animals and showed in BoLA‐A10 animals that the Tp249–59 epitope response was generally more dominant than the Tp250–59 response and confirmed that the Tp298–106 response was subdominant.
Low‐Temperature Ionic Conductivity of an Acceptor‐Doped Perovskite: I. Impedance of Single‐Crystal SrTiO3
Authors: Maier Russell A. , Randall Clive A. 
Published: June 2016

Low‐temperature conductivity mechanisms were identified in acceptor‐doped SrTiO3 single crystals quenched from high temperatures under reducing conditions. Impedance spectroscopy measurements made on samples of the prototypical perovskite structure doped with iron provided a framework for creating a complete conductivity model for a well‐defined point defect system. The dominant conductivity mechanism in the room‐temperature range was identified as being controlled by oxygen vacancy hopping. The activation energy for oxygen vacancy migration, an often debated value in the perovskite community, is determined to lie within the range of 0.59–0.78 eV for the iron‐doped system with the bottom of this range approaching the intrinsic value for oxygen vacancy hopping in an undoped single crystal. At low temperatures, oxygen vacancies form defect complexes with iron impurities, and the observed range of activation energies is explained and modeled in terms of an oxygen vacancy trapping mechanism.