bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superimposing Status Epilepticus on Neuron Subset-Specific PTEN Haploinsufficient and Wild Type Mice Results in Long-term Changes in Behavior
Authors: Smith Gregory D. , White Jessika , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of superimposing seizures on a genetic mutation with known involvement in both Autism Spectrum Disorder and in epilepsy. Neuron-subset specific (NS)-Pten heterozygous (HT) and wildtype (WT) adult mice received either intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (20 mg/kg) to induce status epilepticus or the vehicle (saline). Animals then received a battery of behavioral tasks in order to evaluate activity levels, anxiety, repetitive-stereotyped behavior, social behavior, learning and memory. In the open field task, we found that HT mice after seizures showed a significant increase in total activity and total distance in the surround region of the open field. In the elevated plus maze task, we found that HT mice after seizures displayed increased total distance and velocity as compared to HT mice that did not undergo seizures and WT controls. In the social chamber test, we found the HT mice after seizures displayed an impairment in social behavior. These findings demonstrate that superimposing seizures on a genetic mutation can result in long-term alterations in activity and social behavior in mice.
Characterization of T follicular helper cells in allogeneic normal pregnancy and PDL1 blockage-induced abortion
Authors: Zeng Weihong , Liu Zhicui , Zhang Siming , Ren Jiabin , Ma Xiaoling , Qin Chuanmei , Tian Fuju , Zhang Yan , Lin Yi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA deeper understanding of the immunological events during pregnancy will provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. The fundamental function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is to provide cognate help to B cells. Dysregulations of Tfh-cell function and/or development can result in various immunological diseases. However, the role and characteristics of Tfh cells during pregnancy remain unknown. Herein, an allogeneic-normal-pregnant mouse model was used, and we found that the CD4+ T cells residing at the uterus and placenta (UP) displayed a Tfh-like phenotype; and the UP-derived CD4+CXCR5hiPD-1hi and CD4+CXCR5hiICOShi Tfh cells, which showed a memory/activation phenotype, reached their peak at mid-pregnancy. These Tfh cells were located abundantly in the uterus at mid-pregnancy, but greatly increased in the placenta at late-pregnancy. Furthermore, increased foetal resorption by PDL1 blockade correlated with enhanced accumulation of Tfh cells and upregulated expressions of ICOS and PD-1 on these cells. Collectively, our findings are the first to indicate that an adequate and balanced accumulation of Tfh cells during gestation is likely to help maintaining a successful pregnancy, whereas an excessively high level of these cells could lead to abortion.
Ovule positions within linear fruit are correlated with nonrandom mating in Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Yuan Cunquan , Sun Yuhan , Sun Peng , Li Yunfei , Hu Ruiyang , Zhao Keqi , Wang Jinxing , Li Yun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPost-pollination processes can lead to nonrandom mating among compatible pollen donors. Moreover, morphological patterns of ovule development within linear fruits are reportedly nonrandom and depend on ovule position. However, little is known about the relationship between nonrandom mating and ovule position within linear fruit. Here, we combined controlled pollen competition experiments and paternity analyses on R. pseudoacacia to better understand nonrandom mating and its connection with ovule position. Molecular determination of siring success showed a significant departure from the expected ratio based on each kind of pollen mixture, suggesting a nonrandom mating. Outcrossed pollen grains, which were strongly favored, produced significantly more progeny than other pollen grains. Paternity analyses further revealed that the distribution of offspring produced by one specific pollen source was also nonrandom within linear fruit. The stylar end, which has a higher probability of maturation, produced a significantly higher number of outcrossed offspring than other offspring, suggesting a correlation between pollen source and ovule position. Our results suggested that a superior ovule position exists within the linear fruit in R. pseudoacacia, and the pollen that was strongly favored often preferentially occupies the ovules that were situated in a superior position, which ensured siring success and facilitated nonrandom mating.
A Comprehensive Model for Real Gas Transport in Shale Formations with Complex Non-planar Fracture Networks
Authors: Yang Ruiyue , Huang Zhongwei , Yu Wei , Li Gensheng , Ren Wenxi , Zuo Lihua , Tan Xiaosi , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Tian Shouceng , Sheng Mao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA complex fracture network is generally generated during the hydraulic fracturing treatment in shale gas reservoirs. Numerous efforts have been made to model the flow behavior of such fracture networks. However, it is still challenging to predict the impacts of various gas transport mechanisms on well performance with arbitrary fracture geometry in a computationally efficient manner. We develop a robust and comprehensive model for real gas transport in shales with complex non-planar fracture network. Contributions of gas transport mechanisms and fracture complexity to well productivity and rate transient behavior are systematically analyzed. The major findings are: simple planar fracture can overestimate gas production than non-planar fracture due to less fracture interference. A “hump” that occurs in the transition period and formation linear flow with a slope less than 1/2 can infer the appearance of natural fractures. The sharpness of the “hump” can indicate the complexity and irregularity of the fracture networks. Gas flow mechanisms can extend the transition flow period. The gas desorption could make the “hump” more profound. The Knudsen diffusion and slippage effect play a dominant role in the later production time. Maximizing the fracture complexity through generating large connected networks is an effective way to increase shale gas production.
Stable isotopes measurements reveal dual carbon pools contributing to organic matter enrichment in marine aerosol
Authors: Ceburnis Darius , Masalaite Agne , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Garbaras Andrius , Remeikis Vidmantas , Maenhaut Willy , Claeys Magda , Sciare Jean , Baisnée Dominique , O’Dowd Colin D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStable carbon isotope ratios in marine aerosol collected over the Southern Indian Ocean revealed δ13C values ranging from −20.0‰ to −28.2‰. The isotope ratios exhibited a strong correlation with the fractional organic matter (OM) enrichment in sea spray aerosol. The base-level isotope ratio of −20.0‰ is characteristic of an aged Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) pool contributing a relatively homogeneous background level of DOM to oceanic waters. The range of isotope ratios, extending down to −28.2‰, is characteristic of more variable, stronger, and fresher Particulate Organic Matter (POM) pool driven by trophic level interactions. We present a conceptual dual-pool POM-DOM model which comprises a ‘young’ and variable POM pool which dominates enrichment in sea-spray and an ‘aged’ but invariant DOM pool which is, ultimately, an aged end-product of processed ‘fresh’ POM. This model is harmonious with the preferential enrichment of fresh colloidal and nano-gel lipid-like particulate matter in sea spray particles and the observed depleted δ13C ratio resulting from isotope equilibrium fractionation coupled with enhanced plankton photosynthesis in cold water (−2 °C to +8 °C). These results re-assert the hypothesis that OM enrichment in sea-spray is directly linked to primary production and, consequently, can have implications for climate-aerosol-cloud feedback systems.
The Dependency of Nematic and Twist-bend Mesophase Formation on Bend Angle
Authors: Mandle Richard J. , Archbold Craig T. , Sarju Julia P. , Andrews Jessica L. , Goodby John W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe have prepared and studied a family of cyanobiphenyl dimers with varying linking groups with a view to exploring how molecular structure dictates the stability of the nematic and twist-bend nematic mesophases. Using molecular modelling and 1D1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy, we determine the angle between the two aromatic core units for each dimer and find a strong dependency of the stability of both the nematic and twist-bend mesophases upon this angle, thereby satisfying earlier theoretical models.
Hyperglycaemia-induced reciprocal changes in miR-30c and PAI-1 expression in platelets
Authors: Luo Mao , Li Rong , Ren Meiping , Chen Ni , Deng Xin , Tan Xiaoyong , Li Yongjie , Zeng Min , Yang Yan , Wan Qin , Wu Jianbo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetic mellitus (DM2) is associated with accelerated thrombotic complications and is characterized by high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Recent studies show that human platelets have high levels of miR-30c and synthesize considerable active PAI-1. The underlying mechanism of how PAI-1 expression is upregulated in DM2 is poorly understood. We now report that hyperglycaemia-induced repression of miR-30c increases PAI-1 expression and thrombus formation in DM2. Bioinformatic analysis and identification of miRNA targets were assessed using luciferase assays, quantitative real-time PCR and western blots invitro and in vivo. The changes in miR-30c and PAI-1 levels were identified in platelets from healthy and diabetic individuals. We found that miR-30c directly targeted the 3′ UTR of PAI-1 and negatively regulated its expression. miR-30c was negatively correlated with glucose and HbA1c levels in DM2. In HFD-fed diabetic mice, increasing miR-30c expression by lenti-miR-30c significantly decreased the PAI-1 expression and prolonged the time to occlusion in an arterial thrombosis model. Platelet depletion/reinfusion experiments generating mice with selective ablation of PAI-1 demonstrate a major contribution by platelet-derived PAI-1 in the treatment of lenti-miR-30c to thrombus formation. These results provide important implications regarding the regulation of fibrinolysis by platelet miRNA under diabetic mellitus.
Blu-ray-sensitive localized surface plasmon resonance for high-density optical memory
Authors: Fu Shencheng , Zhang Xintong , Han Qiang , Liu Shuangyan , Han Xiuxiu , Liu Yichun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTunable spectrum-response is desired for efficient photo-energy transformation. Blu-ray (~405 nm) and polarization sensitive Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite films are thus fascinating in application of fast-response and high-density optical memory device. The Ag/TiO2 film has the ability of replicating hologram based on optical coherence by laser-stimulated dissolution of Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The rate and efficiency of the dissolution are supposed to be enhanced by introducing uniform and small-sized Ag NPs in TiO2 nanoporous films. However, no effective methods have been proposed to resolve this issue by now. Here, we develop a simple method of thermal-reduction to obtain high-density, space-dispersed and extremely small-sized Ag NPs in TiO2 nanoporous films pretreated with tannic acid. The film shows both high and narrow absorbance band centered at ~405 nm. Diffraction efficiency of the blu-ray holographic storage in the Ag/TiO2 film is improved by one order of magnitude compared to the traditional UV-reduced sample. Based on such properties, polarization-multiplexing holograms are able to be written at 405 nm and readout with little crosstalk. This work provides effective solutions for sensitizing localized surface plasmon resonance at near-UV region, extending the growth range of Ag NPs in the volume of TiO2, and resultantly, realizing high-density optical memory.
Nuclear import of dimerized ribosomal protein Rps3 in complex with its chaperone Yar1
Authors: Mitterer Valentin , Gantenbein Nadine , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Murat Guillaume , Bergler Helmut , Kressler Dieter , Pertschy Brigitte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAfter their cytoplasmic synthesis, ribosomal proteins need to be transported into the nucleus, where they assemble with ribosomal RNA into pre-ribosomal particles. Due to their physicochemical properties, they need protection from aggregation on this path. Newly synthesized ribosomal protein Rps3 forms a dimer that is associated with one molecule of its specific chaperone Yar1. Here we report that redundant pathways contribute to the nuclear import of Rps3, with the classical importin α/β pathway (Kap60/Kap95 in yeast) constituting a main import route. The Kap60/Kap95 heterodimer mediates efficient nuclear import of Rps3 by recognition of an N-terminal monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). This Rps3-NLS is located directly adjacent to the Yar1-binding site and, upon binding of Kap60 to Rps3, Yar1 is displaced from the ribosomal protein in vitro. While Yar1 does not directly interact with Kap60 in vitro, affinity purifications of Yar1 and Rps3, however, revealed that Kap60 is present in the Rps3/Yar1 complex in vivo. Indeed we could reconstitute such a protein complex containing Rps3 and both Yar1 and Kap60 in vitro. Our data suggest that binding of Yar1 to one N-domain and binding of Kap60 to the second N-domain of dimerized Rps3 orchestrates import and protection of the ribosomal protein.
IL-21 signaling is essential for optimal host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Booty Matthew G. , Barreira-Silva Palmira , Carpenter Stephen M. , Nunes-Alves Cláudio , Jacques Miye K. , Stowell Britni L. , Jayaraman Pushpa , Beamer Gillian , Behar Samuel M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIL-21 is produced predominantly by activated CD4+ T cells and has pleiotropic effects on immunity via the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R), a member of the common gamma chain (γc) cytokine receptor family. We show that IL-21 signaling plays a crucial role in T cell responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by augmenting CD8+ T cell priming, promoting T cell accumulation in the lungs, and enhancing T cell cytokine production. In the absence of IL-21 signaling, more CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in chronically infected mice express the T cell inhibitory molecules PD-1 and TIM-3. We correlate these immune alterations with increased susceptibility of IL-21R−/− mice, which have increased lung bacterial burden and earlier mortality compared to WT mice. Finally, to causally link the immune defects with host susceptibility, we use an adoptive transfer model to show that IL-21R−/− T cells transfer less protection than WT T cells. These results prove that IL-21 signaling has an intrinsic role in promoting the protective capacity of T cells. Thus, the net effect of IL-21 signaling is to enhance host resistance to M. tuberculosis. These data position IL-21 as a candidate biomarker of resistance to tuberculosis.
Wege invasiv beatmeter Patienten in die häusliche Beatmungspflege: Die Perspektive ambulanter Intensivpflegedienste
Authors: Lehmann Y. , Ewers M. 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: In den letzten Jahren sind hierzulande mit hoher Dynamik viele Angebote der häuslichen Intensivpflege für dauerhaft invasiv beatmete Patienten entstanden. Darüber, auf welchen Wegen diese Patienten in diese Spezialversorgung gelangen, ist wenig bekannt.
Methodik: Durchgeführt wurde eine qualitativ-explorative Sondierungsstudie, in deren Rahmen leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 15 leitenden oder für die Pflegeüberleitung zuständigen Mitarbeitern geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden.
Ergebnisse: Die Wege, auf denen invasiv beatmete Patienten in die häusliche Intensivversorgung gelangen, erscheinen hochgradig zufallsabhängig, risikoreich und unsicher. Koordinations- und Kooperationsprobleme sowie intransparente und ungeklärte Interessenlagen der beteiligten Akteure und Instanzen sind erkennbar. Rehabilitationspotenziale scheinen nicht systematisch ausgeschöpft und Forderungen nach informierten und partizipativen Entscheidungsprozessen vernachlässigt zu werden.
Schlussfolgerungen: Der erkennbare Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarf zur sektoren-, organisations- und professionsübergreifenden Versorgung schwer chronisch kranker und technikabhängiger Patienten wird künftig mehr Aufmerksamkeit erfahren müssen.
Fictive questions in conditionals?
Authors: Leuschner Torsten 
Published: November 2016

This chapter discusses the alleged emergence of verb-first (V1) conditionals in English and German from question-driven fictive interaction of the type A: p? (B: Yes.) A: Then q. Since this scenario proves impossible to maintain with regard to English, an alternative model is proposed treating V1 as the grammaticalized residue of a stage in ancient Germanic at which word-order options were determined pragmatically instead of syntactically. The chapter shows that the conversational frame left its mark on V1-conditionals indirectly through the period as a rhetorical discourse unit in which V1 emerged as a marker of conditionality. This happened in different ways linked in part to the divergence of word-order systems between English and German.
Challenges in the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension models in large animals
Authors: Rothman Abraham , Wiencek Robert G. , Davidson Stephanie , Evans William N. , Restrepo Humberto , Sarukhanov Valeri , Mann David 
Published: November 2016

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic PH animal models may advance the study of PH’s mechanisms, evolution, and therapy. In this report, we describe the challenges and successes in developing three models of chronic PH in large animals: two models (one canine and one swine) utilized repeated infusions of ceramic microspheres into the pulmonary vascular bed, and the third model employed a surgical aorto‐pulmonary shunt. In the canine model, seven dogs underwent microsphere infusions that resulted in progressive elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure over a few months. In this model, pulmonary endoarterial tissue was obtained for histology. In the aorto‐pulmonary shunt swine model, 17 pigs developed systemic level pulmonary pressures after 2–3 months. In this model, pulmonary endoarterial tissue was sequentially obtained to assess for changes in gene and microRNA expression. In the swine microsphere infusion model, three pigs developed only a modest chronic increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, despite repeated infusions of microspheres (up to 40 in one animal). The main purpose of this model was for vasodilator testing, which was performed successfully immediately after acute microsphere infusions. Chronic PH in large animal models can be successfully created; however, a model’s characteristics need to match the investigational goals.
Spinal Arachnoiditis as a Complication of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Non-HIV Previously Healthy Adults
Authors: Panackal Anil A , Komori Mika , Kosa Peter , Khan Omar , Hammoud Dima A , Rosen Lindsey B , Browne Sarah K , Lin Yen-Chih , Romm Elena , Ramaprasad Charu , Fries Bettina C , Bennett John E , Bielekova Bibiana , Williamson Peter R 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Cryptococcus can cause meningoencephalitis (CM) among previously healthy non-HIV adults. Spinal arachnoiditis is under-recognized, since diagnosis is difficult with concomitant central nervous system (CNS) pathology.

Methods
We describe 6 cases of spinal arachnoiditis among 26 consecutively recruited CM patients with normal CD4 counts who achieved microbiologic control. We performed detailed neurological exams, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunophenotyping and biomarker analysis before and after adjunctive immunomodulatory intervention with high dose pulse corticosteroids, affording causal inference into pathophysiology.

Results
All 6 exhibited severe lower motor neuron involvement in addition to cognitive changes and gait disturbances from meningoencephalitis. Spinal involvement was associated with asymmetric weakness and urinary retention. Diagnostic specificity was improved by MRI imaging which demonstrated lumbar spinal nerve root enhancement and clumping or lesions. Despite negative fungal cultures, CSF inflammatory biomarkers, sCD27 and sCD21, as well as the neuronal damage biomarker, neurofilament light chain (NFL), were elevated compared to healthy donor (HD) controls. Elevations in these biomarkers were associated with clinical symptoms and showed improvement with adjunctive high dose pulse corticosteroids.

Conclusions
These data suggest that a post-infectious spinal arachnoiditis is an important complication of CM in previously healthy individuals, requiring heightened clinician awareness. Despite microbiological control, this syndrome causes significant pathology likely due to increased inflammation and may be amenable to suppressive therapeutics.
Allergin-1 inhibits TLR2-mediated mast cell activation and suppresses dermatitis.
Authors: Tsurusaki Satoshi , Tahara-Hanaoka Satoko , Shibagaki Shohei , Miyake Shota , Imai Masamichi , Shibayama Shiro , Kubo Masato , Shibuya Akira 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes cell-wall components of Staphylococcus aureus, which colonizes more than 90% of atopic eczematous skin lesions. The regulatory mechanisms of TLR2 signaling in the skin remain unclear. Allergin-1, an inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptor containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), is expressed on mast cells (MCs) and inhibits IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in mice. Here, we show that Allergin-1 inhibits TLR2-mediated activation of, and inflammatory cytokine production by, MCs in vitro. Compared with wild-type mice, Allergin-1-deficient mice showed enhanced ear swelling with enhanced collagen deposition and greater Ly6G+ neutrophil recruitment after intradermal injection of Pam2CSK4 into pinnae. Using Mas–TRECK mice, which is a MC-deletion system based on il4 enhancer elements, we also demonstrated that Allergin-1 on MCs is responsible for the Pam2CSK4-induced ear swelling. These results suggest that Allergin-1 on skin MCs suppresses TLR2-induced dermatitis.
Experiential Gifts Foster Stronger Social Relationships Than Material Gifts
Authors: Chan Cindy , Mogilner Cassie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInterpersonal relationships are essential to well-being, and gifts are often given to cultivate these relationships. To inform gift givers of what to give and to gain insight into the connecting function of gifts, this research investigates what type of gift is better at strengthening relationships according to gift recipients—material gifts (objects for recipients to keep) or experiential gifts (events for recipients to live through). Experiments examining actual gift exchanges in real-life relationships reveal that experiential gifts produce greater improvements in relationship strength than material gifts, regardless of whether the gift giver and recipient consume the gift together. The relationship improvements that recipients derive from experiential gifts stem from the intensity of emotion that is evoked when they consume the gifts, rather than when the gifts are received. Giving experiential gifts is thus identified as a highly effective form of prosocial spending.