bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Peripartum Maternal Bacteremia
Authors: Easter Sarah Rae , Molina Rose L. , Venkatesh Kartik K. , Kaimal Anjali , Tuomala Ruth , Riley Laura E. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate risk factors associated with maternal bacteremia in febrile peripartum women.

METHODS:
We performed a case–control study of women with fevers occurring between 7 days before and up to 42 days after delivery of viable neonates at two academic hospitals. Women with positive blood cultures were matched with the next two febrile women meeting inclusion criteria with negative blood cultures in the microbiology data without other matching parameters. We compared maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes between women in the case group and those in the control group with univariate analysis. We then used logistic regression to examine the association between clinical characteristics and maternal bacteremia.

RESULTS:
After excluding blood cultures positive only for contaminants, we compared 115 women in the case group with 285 in the control group. Bacteremic women were more likely to experience their initial fever during labor (40.9% compared with 22.8%, P<.01) and more likely to have fever at or above 102°F (62.6% compared with 31.6%, P<.01). These associations persisted in the adjusted analysis: multiparity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.07–2.87), initial fever during labor (adjusted OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.70–4.70), and fever at or above 102°F (adjusted OR 3.83, 95% CI 2.37–6.19). In an analysis restricted to neonates whose mothers had initial fevers before or in the immediate 24 hours after delivery, neonates born to women in the case group had higher rates of bacteremia compared with those born to women in the control group (9.0% compared with 1.3%, P<.01). Eight of the nine bacteremic neonates born to bacteremic mothers (89%) grew the same organism as his or her mother in blood culture.

CONCLUSION:
Maternal bacteremia is associated with multiparity, initial fever during labor, and fever at or above 102°F; however, 37.5% of cases of bacteremia occurred in women with maximum fevers below this threshold. Obstetricians should maintain a heightened suspicion for an infectious source of fever in women with these clinical characteristics.
Reliability of the Shuttle Walk Test With Controlled Incremental Velocity in Patients With Difficult-to-Control Asthma
Authors: Costa Ivan Peres , Dal Corso Simone , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Peixoto Fabiana , Stirbulov Roberto , Arena Ross , Cahalin Lawrence P. , Malosá Sampaio Luciana Maria 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by bronchial hypersensitivity to endogenous or exogenous agents and variable airflow limitation, which is reversible either spontaneously or with the use of medication. The evaluation of functional capacity in these patients is commonly performed using field tests to gauge activity of daily living. However, the reliability of the symptom-controlled shuttle walk test has not yet been determined for individuals with difficult-to-control asthma. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability of the shuttle walk test in patients with severe, difficult-to-control asthma.

Methods:
Forty-five patients were evaluated including lung function tests, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Asthma Control Questionnaire. The participants performed a shuttle walk test twice, with a 20-min rest period between tests.

Results:
The mean distance walked for this cohort was 330.5 m (range, 50-570 m) on the first walk test and 336.3 m (range, 60-571 m) on the second test. There was no statistical difference between the mean distances walked. The Bland-Altman plots of the 2 tests revealed a mean difference of −12.7 m, with a 95% CI of 37.9 to −63.2 m. Significant correlations were found between the distance walked in meters and the IPAQ (r = 0.36, P < .01) and distance in meters and muscle mass (r = 0.39, P < .009).

Conclusion:
The shuttle walk test is reliable for individuals with difficult-to-control asthma and can be used in the evaluation of functional capacity.
Vertigo in Vestibular Schwannoma Patients Due to Other Pathologies
Authors: Sahyouni Ronald , Moshtaghi Omid , Haidar Yarah M. , Mahboubi Hossein , Moshtaghi Afsheen , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To report findings from a cohort of vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients presenting with vertigo from a secondary comorbid vestibular disorder; and to discuss management strategies for this subset of patients presenting with both episodic vertigo and VS.

Patients:
All VS patients who presented with vertigo as the primary symptom from 2012 to 2015 and endorsing no other major complaints were examined.

Intervention:
Treatment with migraine lifestyle and prophylactic therapy, or Epley maneuver.

Main Outcome Measure:
Resolution of vertigo following medical treatment alone.

Results:
Of the nine patients studied, seven (78%) suffered from vestibular migraine, and two (22%) experienced benign positional vertigo. All patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms after treatment. As a result of symptomatic improvement, seven patients (78%) avoided surgery in favor of observation, while two patients (22%) underwent radiosurgery due to continued tumor growth and other nonvertigo symptoms.

Conclusion:
VS patients can sometimes present with a history of recurrent episodic vertigo. The etiology of the vertigo could be due to the tumor itself or may be due to an underlying comorbidity such as vestibular migraine or benign positional vertigo. VS patients presenting with vertigo should undergo a standard vertigo history and examination to identify other potential causes of vertigo. Most VS patients in our cohort avoided intervention and had resolution of their vertigo.
Validation of Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (pCLE) Criteria for Diagnosing Colon Polyp Histology
Authors: Vennelaganti Sreekar , Vennalaganti Prashanth , Mathur Sharad , Singh Satish , Jamal Mazen , Kanakadandi Vijay , Rai Tarun , Hall Matthew , Gupta Neil , Nutalapati Venkat , Alsop Benjamin , Hornung Benjamin , Sharma Prateek 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Validated probe-based confocal endomicroscopy (pCLE) criteria for distinguishing hyperplastic polyps (HPs) and tubular adenomas (TA) have not yet been developed.

Aim:
To develop pCLE criteria for distinguishing HP from TA and evaluate its performance characteristics among experts.

Methods:
pCLE criteria for colon polyp histology were developed and tested in 2 phases prospectively. Phase I: 8 preliminary criteria were developed and tested internally. Criteria achieving an accuracy of >75% (epithelial surface: regular vs. irregular; goblet cells: increased vs. decreased; gland axis: horizontal vs. vertical; gland shape: slit/stellate vs. villiform; image scale: gray vs. dark) were evaluated in Phase II of study wherein external assessors evaluated these criteria in a separate set of pCLE videos. Accuracy and interobserver agreement (95% confidence intervals) were determined for colon histology prediction.

Results:
Phase I (criteria development/internal testing): 8 criteria were assessed by 4 pCLE experts using 28 videos (14 HP/14 TA). Five of 8 pCLE criteria met selection for phase II (accuracy >75%). Phase II (external validation): 36 pCLE colon polyp videos (HP 16/TA 20) were evaluated by 8 external assessors. Overall accuracy in diagnosis of colon polyp histology was 84.9% (95% confidence interval, 81.7-87.7). Of predictions made with high confidence (75%), histology was predicted with an accuracy of 91%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 87% and positive predictive value 98%. Interobserver agreement was substantial (κ=0.73).

Conclusions:
We demonstrate the development and validation of pCLE criteria for prediction of colon polyp histology. Using these criteria, overall accuracy in differentiating TA from HP was high with substantial interobserver agreement.
Surgical Treatment of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Klement Kristen A. , Adamson Karri A. , Horriat Narges L. , Denny Arlen D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Studies on the treatment of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis demonstrate decreasing morbidity and mortality; however, complication rates still range from 5% to 14%. Here, the authors present their last 10 years’ experience treatment of nonsyndromic single suture craniosynostosis. A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent open surgical treatment of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis over 10 years. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Radiological analysis of intracranial volumes was performed using Amira software. The authors’ technique for treatment of sagittal synostosis was the Foreshortening and Lateral Expansion of the Cranium Activated by Gravity (FLAG) procedure. The authors identified 106 patients with a median age of 0.8 years. Sagittal synostosis was most common (n = 65, 61%). Seventeen percent underwent distraction of the cranial vault; the remainder underwent traditional remodeling procedures. The average operative time was 131 minutes, blood loss was 296 mL (30 mL/kg), and intraoperative transfusion was 332 mL (34 mL/kg). There were 2 postoperative complications. Six patients required an additional major operation years later, most commonly for increased intracranial pressure. The authors separately analyzed 50 patients with sagittal synostosis treated with the FLAG procedure. There were no postoperative complications, and only 4 patients required reoperation. The average operative time for the FLAG procedure was 97.3 minutes. Intracranial volume increased by 191.45 mL (28.3–427.5 mL) with 28% average relative cranial vault expansion (4.5%–93.2%). Surgical correction of craniosynostosis using the FLAG technique is safe and effective with minimal morbidity and long standing results. Treatment should involve a structured approach, which minimizes operative times and decreases complication rates.
Laparoscopic Procedure is Not Independently Associated With the Development of Intra-Abdominal Abscess After Appendectomy: A Multicenter Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Cao Jianguo , Tao Feng , Xing Hao , Han Jun , Zhou Xiaojun , Chen Tinghao , Wang Hong , Li Zhizhou , Zhou Yahao , Wang Shusheng , Yang Tian 
Published: September 2017

Aim:The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for postoperative intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) after appendectomy for patients with acute appendicitis.Backgraound:Although laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been performed universally, whether LA is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative IAA compared with open appendectomy (OA) remains controversial, which causes some surgeons’ increasing concerns.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 6805 consecutive adult patients with acute appendicitis who underwent LA or OA at 7 general hospitals in China. Patient characteristics, operative variables, and surgical outcomes were collected and compared between patients who underwent LA and OA. Propensity score matching analysis was used to minimize the bias in patient selection differing from various procedure of appendectomy. Independent risk factors associated with the development of postoperative IAA after appendectomy were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the propensity matched cohort.Results:Over a 3-year period, 2710 (39.8%) and 4095 (60.2%) patients underwent LA and OA respectively. Patients who underwent OA had more males, American Society of Anesthesiologists score 2-3, preoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and perforated appendicitis than those who underwent LA (allP<0.01). Propensity score matched analysis created 2542 pairs of patients. Univariate analysis revealed that patients who underwent LA had a higher incidence of postoperative IAA than patients who underwent OA (6.7% vs. 5.3%;P=0.039). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified LA not to be an independent risk factor associated with the development of postoperative IAA (odds ratio, 1.053; 95% confidence interval, 0.922-1.657;P=0.216).Conclusions:The present study identified that laparoscopic procedure was not an independent risk factor associated with the development of postoperative IAA after appendectomy of acute appendicitis. Therefore, concerns of increased incidence of IAA because of laparoscopic procedure are unwarranted.
Denitrifying metabolism of the methylotrophic marine bacteriumMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1
Authors: Mauffrey Florian , Cucaita Alexandra , Constant Philippe , Villemur Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1 is a methylotrophic, marine bacterium that was isolated from a denitrification reactor treating a closed-circuit seawater aquarium. It can sustain growth under anoxic conditions by reducing nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−), which accumulates in the medium. These physiological traits are attributed to gene clusters that encode two dissimilatory nitrate reductases (NarGHJI). M.nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1 also contains gene clusters encoding two putative nitric oxide reductase (NO) reductases and one putative nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase, suggesting that NO and N2O can be reduced by strain JAM1. In this study, we show that strain JAM1 can reduce NO to N2O and N2O to N2 and can sustain growth under anoxic conditions by reducing N2O as the sole electron acceptor. Although strain JAM1 lacks a gene encoding a dissimilatory copper-(NirK) or cytochrome cd1-type (NirS) NO2−reductase, NO3−-amended strain JAM1 cultures produce N2O, representing up to 6% of the N-input. NO2−was shown to be the key intermediate of this production process. In NO3−amended cultures, we analyzed denitrification genes in succession of net N2O-production and -consumption phases at the gene expression level. These phases were found to correlate with changes in the expression levels of the NO reductase genecnorB1andnnrS, which indicated NO production in the cultures.ImportanceBy showing that all the three denitrification reductases are active, this demonstrates thatMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 is one of many bacteria species that maintain genes associated primarily with denitrification, but not necessarily related to the maintenance of the entire pathway. The reason to maintain such incomplete pathway could be related to the specific role of strain JAM1 in the denitrifying biofilm of a denitrification reactor from which it originates. The small production of N2O via NO in strain JAM1 did not involve Nar contrary to what was demonstrated inEscherichia coli. M. nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 is the only reportedMethylophagaspecies that has the capacity to grow under anoxic conditions by using NO3−and N2O as sole electron acceptors for its growth. It is also one of a few marine methylotrophs that is studied at the physiological and genetic levels in relation to its capacity to perform denitrifying activities.
Chromatin organization changes during the establishment and maintenance of the postmitotic state
Authors: Ma Yiqin , Buttitta Laura 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundGenome organization changes during development as cells differentiate. Chromatin motion becomes increasingly constrained and heterochromatin clusters as cells become restricted in their developmental potential. These changes coincide with slowing of the cell cycle, which can also influence chromatin organization and dynamics. Terminal differentiation is often coupled with permanent exit from the cell cycle and existing data suggests a close relationship between a repressive chromatin structure and silencing of the cell cycle in postmitotic cells. Here we examine the relationship between chromatin organization, terminal differentiation and cell cycle exit.ResultsWe focused our studies on theDrosophilawing, where epithelial cells transition from active proliferation to a postmitotic state in a temporally controlled manner. We find there are two stages of G0in this tissue, a flexible G0period where cells can be induced to re-enter the cell cycle under specific genetic manipulations and a state we call “robust”, where cells become strongly refractory to cell cycle re-entry. Compromising the flexible G0by driving ectopic expression of cell cycle activators causes a global disruption of the clustering of heterochromatin-associated histone modifications such as H3K27 trimethylation and H3K9 trimethylation, as well as their associated repressors, Polycomb and heterochromatin protein 1(HP1). However, this disruption is reversible. When cells enter a robust G0state, even in the presence of ectopic cell cycle activity, clustering of heterochromatin associated modifications are restored. If cell cycle exit is bypassed, cells in the wing continue to terminally differentiate, but heterochromatin clustering is severely disrupted. Heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing does not appear to be required for cell cycle exit, as compromising the H3K27 methyltransferaseEnhancer of zeste, and/or HP1 cannot prevent the robust cell cycle exit, even in the face of normally oncogenic cell cycle activities.ConclusionsHeterochromatin clustering during terminal differentiation is a consequence of cell cycle exit, rather than differentiation. Compromising heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing does not disrupt cell cycle exit.
Identification of novel rare sequence variation underlying heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gräf Stefan , Haimel Matthias , Bleda Marta , Hadinnapola Charaka , Southgate Laura , Li Wei , Hodgson Joshua , Liu Bin , Salmon Richard M. , Southwood Mark , Machado Rajiv D. , Martin Jennifer M. , Treacy Carmen M. , Yates Katherine , Daugherty Louise C. , Shamardina Olga , Whitehorn Deborah , Holden Simon , Aldred Micheala , Bogaard Harm J. , Church Colin , Coghlan Gerry , Condliffe Robin , Corris Paul A. , Danesino Cesare , Eyries Mélanie , Gall Henning , Ghio Stefano , Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir , Gibbs J. Simon R. , Girerd Barbara , Houweling Arjan C. , Howard Luke , Humbert Marc , Kiely David G. , Kovacs Gabor , MacKenzie Ross Robert V. , Moledina Shahin , Montani David , Newnham Michael , Olschewski Andrea , Olschewski Horst , Peacock Andrew J. , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Prokopenko Inga , Rhodes Christopher J. , Scelsi Laura , Seeger Werner , Soubrier Florent , Stein Dan F. , Suntharalingam Jay , Swietlik Emilia , Toshner Mark R. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , van Heel David A. , Waisfisz Quinten , Wharton John , Wort Stephen J. , Ouwehand Willem H. , Soranzo Nicole , Lawrie Allan , Upton Paul D. , Wilkins Martin R. , Trembath Richard C. , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. Deleterious variation within components of the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly the bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2), underlie most heritable forms of PAH. Since the missing heritability likely involves genetic variation confined to small numbers of cases, we performed whole genome sequencing in 1038 PAH index cases and 6385 PAH-negative control subjects. Case-control analyses revealed significant overrepresentation of rare variants in novel genes, namelyATP13A3, AQP1andSOX17, and provided independent validation of a critical role forGDF2in PAH. We provide evidence for familial segregation of mutations inSOX17andAQP1with PAH. Mutations inGDF2, encoding a BMPR2 ligand, led to reduced secretion from transfected cells. In addition, we identified pathogenic mutations in the majority of previously reported PAH genes, and provide evidence for further putative genes. Taken together these findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of PAH and indicate unexplored pathways for therapeutic intervention.
Global connectivity of the frontoparietal cognitive control network is related to depression symptoms in the general population
Authors: Schultz Douglas H. , Ito Takuya , Solomyak Levi I. , Chen Richard H. , Mill Ravi D. , Anticevic Alan , Cole Michael W. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe all vary in our mental health, even among people not meeting diagnostic criteria for mental illness. Understanding this individual variability may reveal factors driving the risk for mental illness, as well as factors driving sub-clinical problems that still adversely affect quality of life. To better understand the large-scale brain network mechanisms underlying this variability we examined the relationship between mental health symptoms and resting-state functional connectivity patterns in cognitive control systems. One such system is the frontoparietal cognitive control network (FPN). Changes in FPN connectivity may impact mental health by disrupting the ability to regulate symptoms in a goal-directed manner. Here we test the hypothesis that FPN dysconnectivity relates to mental health symptoms even among individuals who do not meet formal diagnostic criteria but may exhibit meaningful symptom variation. We found that depression symptoms severity negatively correlated with between-network global connectivity (BGC) of the FPN. This suggests that decreased connectivity between the FPN and the rest of the brain is related to increased depression symptoms in the general population. These findings complement previous clinical studies to support the hypothesis that global FPN connectivity contributes to the regulation of mental health symptoms across both health and disease.AUTHOR SUMMARYUnderstanding how large-scale network interactions in the brain contribute to (or serve a protective role against) mental health symptoms is an important step toward developing more effective mental health treatments. Here we test the hypothesis that cognitive control networks play an important role in mental health by being highly connected to other brain networks and able to serve as a feedback mechanism capable of regulating symptoms in a goal-directed manner. We found that the more well-connected the frontoparietal cognitive control network was to other networks in the brain the less depression symptoms were reported by participants. These results contribute to our understanding of how brain network interactions are related to mental health symptoms, even in individuals who have not been diagnosed with a disorder.