bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization: A Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infections Following Decolonization
Authors: Ramos Nicholas , Stachel Anna , Phillips Michael , Vigdorchik Jonathan , Slover James , Bosco Joseph A. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) decolonization regimens are being used to mitigate the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). However, their efficacy is controversial, with mixed results reported in the literature.

Methods:
Before undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), or spinal fusion, 13,828 consecutive patients were screened for nasal S aureus and underwent a preoperative decolonization regimen. Infection rates of colonized and noncolonized patients were compared using unadjusted logistic regression. An adjusted regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for SSI.

Results:
The rate of SSI in colonized patients was 4.35% compared with only 2.39% in noncolonized patients. In our TKA cohort, unadjusted logistic regression identified S aureus colonization to be a significant risk factor for SSI (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; P < 0.001). After controlling for other potential confounders including age, body mass index, tobacco use, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score, an SSI was 3.8 times more likely to develop in patients colonized with S aureus (OR, 3.8; P = 0.0025). The THA and spine colonized patients trended toward higher risk in both unadjusted and adjusted models; however, the results were not statistically significant.

Discussion:
The results of our study suggest that decolonization may not be fully protective against SSI. The risk of infection after decolonization is not lowered to the baseline of a noncolonized patient.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
Nina Bouraoui, martyr(s) de l’écho : de la blessure à une nouvelle sexualité par l’affect
Authors: Montalbano Sylvain 
Published: November 2016

Analysant les romans de Nina Bouraoui, en particulier Mes mauvaises pensées, Appelez-moi par mon prénom et Nos baisers sont des adieux, cet article démontre comment l’écrivaine transforme l’extrême violence de sa prose – à raconter son sentiment de blessure face aux identités distinctes d’auteure française, algérienne et queer qu’on veut lui imposer – en un véhicule capable de transmettre des affects plutôt qu’une logique narrative. En reliant certaines œuvres d’art (y compris ses propres textes littéraires) à d’autres corps dans une même virtualité en tant qu’« émetteurs-récepteurs » d’affects, Bouraoui en arrive à suggérer la possibilité d’une nouvelle sexualité queer affective, c’est-à-dire relationnelle et allant au-delà de l’orientation sexuelle de chacun(e).
Microstructures of Al–Al3Ti functionally graded materials fabricated by centrifugal solid-particle method and centrifugal in situ method
Authors: Watanabe Yoshimi , Zhou Qi , Sato Hisashi , Fujii Toshiyuki , Inamura Tomonari 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Methods of fabrication by centrifugal casting for functionally graded materials (FGMs) can be classified into two categories on the basis of the relationship between the process temperature and the liquidus temperature of a master alloy. They are the centrifugal solid-particle method and centrifugal in situ method, which could be carried out at process temperatures lower and higher than the liquidus temperature of the master alloy, respectively. In a previous study, it was found that the microstructures of Al–Al3Ti FGMs fabricated by the centrifugal in situ method processed at 1600 °C were different from those fabricated by the centrifugal solid-particle method processed at 800 °C. Although it is expected that the FGMs fabricated by the centrifugal in situ method processed at approximately the liquidus temperature should show extraordinary microstructures, those microstructures have not been observed. In this study, the microstructures of Al–Al3Ti FGMs fabricated at 1000 °C (centrifugal solid-particle method) and 1200 °C (centrifugal in situ method) were investigated.
Design and experimental verification of CMOS magnetic-based microbead detection using an asynchronous intra-chip inductive-coupling transceiver
Authors: Niitsu Kiichi , Kobayashi Atsuki , Yoshida Kohei , Nakazato Kazuo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this study, an asynchronous intra-chip inductive-coupling transceiver was used to design and experimentally verify a CMOS magnetic-based microbeads detection system. Magnetic microbeads were employed for the surrounding living cells. These microbeads increased the magnetic flux and enabled the operation of an intra-chip inductive-coupling transceiver with a low transmitter supply voltage. Thus, by sensing the change in transmitter supply voltage, the system detected the living cells surrounded by microbeads. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a test chip was fabricated using 0.25 µm CMOS technology. The measured results successfully demonstrated the detection of microbeads.
Induced pluripotent stem cells from human hair follicle keratinocytes as a potential source for in vitro hair follicle cloning
Authors: Lim Sheng Jye , Ho Shu Cheow , Mok Pooi Ling , Tan Kian Lee , Ong Alan H.K. , Gan Seng Chiew 
Published: November 2016

Background
Human hair follicles are important for the renewal of new hairs and their development. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from hair follicles is easy due to its accessibility and availability. The pluripotent cells derived from hair follicles not only have a higher tendency to re-differentiate into hair follicles, but are also more suited for growth in hair scalp tissue microenvironment.

Methods
In this study, human hair follicular keratinocytes were used to generate iPSCs, which were then further differentiated in vitro into keratinocytes. The derived iPSCs were characterised by using immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and reverse-transcription PCR to check for its pluripotency markers expression.

Results
The iPSC clones expressed pluripotency markers such as TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, SSEA4, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LEFTY, and GABRB. The well-formed three germ layers were observed during differentiation using iPSCs derived from hair follicles. The successful formation of keratioctyes from iPSCs was confirmed by the expression of cytokeratin 14 marker.

Discussion
Hair follicles represent a valuable keratinocytes source for in vitro hair cloning for use in treating hair balding or grafting in burn patients. Our significant findings in this report proved that hair follicles could be used to produce pluripotent stem cells and suggested that the genetic and micro-environmental elements of hair follicles might trigger higher and more efficient hair follicles re-differentiation.
Seismic anisotropy beneath the Mississippi Embayment and the New Madrid Seismic Zone: A study of shear wave splitting
Authors: Nyamwandha Cecilia A. , Powell Christine A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractShear wave splitting associated with the Mississippi Embayment (ME) is determined using teleseismic SKS phases recorded by the Northern Embayment Lithosphere Experiment (NELE), the USArray Transportable Array (TA), and the New Madrid seismic network for the period 2005–2016. Our data set consists of ~5900 individual splitting measurements from 257 earthquakes recorded at 151 stations within and outside the ME. Stations outside of the ME exhibit significant shear wave splitting, with average delay times between ~ 0.4 s and ~1.8 s. To the northeast and east of the ME, nearly all observed fast orientations are approximately oriented northeast‐southwest, in agreement with absolute plate motion (APM) predicted by HS3‐Nuvel‐1A. The homogeneity of the fast orientations in this region suggests that the splitting is due to active flow in the asthenosphere. A counterclockwise rotation in the splitting orientation is observed moving northeast to northwest across the study area. Inside the ME, some stations show large and systematic deviations of the measured fast orientations from the APM. The delay times within the entire ME range from ~0.9 s to ~ 2.1 s. Splitting complexity is attributed to relic lithospheric fabrics formed during past tectonic events including passage of a hot spot in mid‐Cretaceous time. The anisotropy may also be linked to the presence of a southwest dipping region of low P and S wave velocities below the ME or to deeper flow in the asthenosphere.
Nowcasting earthquakes
Authors: Rundle J. B. , Turcotte D. L. , Donnellan A. , Grant Ludwig L. , Luginbuhl M. , Gong G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNowcasting is a term originating from economics and finance. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of the economy or markets at the current time by indirect means. We apply this idea to seismically active regions, where the goal is to determine the current state of the fault system and its current level of progress through the earthquake cycle. In our implementation of this idea, we use the global catalog of earthquakes, using “small” earthquakes to determine the level of hazard from “large” earthquakes in the region. Our method does not involve any model other than the idea of an earthquake cycle. Rather, we define a specific region and a specific large earthquake magnitude of interest, ensuring that we have enough data to span at least ~20 or more large earthquake cycles in the region. We then compute the earthquake potential score (EPS) which is defined as the cumulative probability distribution P(n < n(t)) for the current count n(t) for the small earthquakes in the region. From the count of small earthquakes since the last large earthquake, we determine the value of EPS = P(n < n(t)). EPS is therefore the current level of hazard and assigns a number between 0% and 100% to every region so defined, thus providing a unique measure. Physically, the EPS corresponds to an estimate of the level of progress through the earthquake cycle in the defined region at the current time.
Evidence for a biological pump driver of atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadial 1
Authors: Hertzberg Jennifer E. , Lund David C. , Schmittner Andreas , Skrivanek Alexandra L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe initial trigger of the atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1: 14.5–17.5 kyr B.P.) remains elusive. We present a compilation of four paired surface and intermediate‐depth foraminiferal δ13C records to test whether reduced biological pump efficiency led to the initial CO2 rise during the last deglaciation. Surface ocean δ13C decreased across HS1 while intermediate‐depth δ13C increased, leading to a reduction in the upper ocean δ13C gradient. Our compilation also suggests the δ13C gradient increased during the Bølling‐Allerød (12.9–14.5 kyr B.P.) and decreased during the Younger Dryas (YD: 11.7–12.9 kyr B.P.). The HS1 and YD data are consistent with reduced biological export of isotopically light carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization at depth. Our results support the idea that a weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation decreased biological pump efficiency by increasing the overall fraction of preformed nutrients in the global ocean, leading to an increase in atmospheric CO2.
Constraining the kinematics of metropolitan Los Angeles faults with a slip‐partitioning model
Authors: Daout S. , Barbot S. , Peltzer G. , Doin M.‐P. , Liu Z. , Jolivet R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDue to the limited resolution at depth of geodetic and other geophysical data, the geometry and the loading rate of the ramp‐décollement faults below the metropolitan Los Angeles are poorly understood. Here we complement these data by assuming conservation of motion across the Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault. Using a Bayesian approach, we constrain the geometry of the ramp‐décollement system from the Mojave block to Los Angeles and propose a partitioning of the convergence with 25.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr and 3.1 ± 0.6 mm/yr of strike‐slip motion along the San Andreas Fault and the Whittier Fault, with 2.7 ± 0.9 mm/yr and 2.5 ± 1.0 mm/yr of updip movement along the Sierra Madre and the Puente Hills thrusts. Incorporating conservation of motion in geodetic models of strain accumulation reduces the number of free parameters and constitutes a useful methodology to estimate the tectonic loading and seismic potential of buried fault networks.
An evaluation of dynamical downscaling of Central Plains summer precipitation using a WRF‐based regional climate model at a convection‐permitting 4 km resolution
Authors: Sun Xuguang , Xue Ming , Brotzge Jerald , McPherson Renee A. , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Yang Xiu‐Qun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA significant challenge with dynamical downscaling of climate simulations is the ability to accurately represent convection and precipitation. The use of convection‐permitting resolutions avoids cumulus parameterization, which is known to be a large source of uncertainty. A regional climate model (RCM) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model is configured with a 4 km grid spacing and applied to the U.S. Great Plains, a region characterized by many forms of weather and climate extremes. The 4 km RCM is evaluated by running it in a hindcast mode over the central U.S. region for a 10 year period, forced at the boundary by the 32 km North America Regional Reanalysis. The model is also run at a 25 km grid spacing, but with cumulus parameterization turned on for comparison. The 4 km run more successfully reproduces certain observed features of the Great Plains May‐through‐August precipitation. In particular, the magnitude of extreme precipitation and the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Great Plains are better simulated. The 4 km run more realistically simulates the low‐level jet and related atmospheric circulations that transport and redistribute moisture from Gulf of Mexico. The convection‐permitting RCM may therefore produce better dynamical downscaling of future climate when nested within global model climate projections, especially for extreme precipitation magnitudes. The 4 km and 25 km simulations do share similar precipitation biases, including low biases over the central Great Plains and high biases over the Rockies. These biases appear linked to circulation biases in the simulations, but determining of the exact causes will require extensive, separate studies.
Variation in the Treatment of Children Hospitalized With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis in the US
Authors: James Karen E. , Xiao Rui , Merkel Peter A. , Weiss Pamela F. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThere are few reports on the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) in children. This study characterizes the use of cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and plasma exchange in children hospitalized with AAV in the US.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized with AAV from 2004–2014 utilizing an administrative and billing database from 47 tertiary care pediatric hospitals. All patients had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification discharge code of 446.4 and ≥1 charge for glucocorticoids. Treatment receipt was determined using billing data. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the likelihood of receipt of each of the 3 treatments.ResultsDuring the 11‐year study period there were 1,290 admissions for 393 children. The median age at index admission was 14.6 years, and 61% were female. Dialysis or mechanical ventilation was required by 16% and 17% of the children, respectively. The median length of stay was 9 days. The percentages of children receiving cyclophosphamide, rituximab, or both were 57%, 21%, and 10%, respectively, and 22% received plasma exchange. Mechanical ventilation was associated with the receipt of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange, but not rituximab. There was an increasing trend in the use of rituximab over time during the study period (P < 0.05), and a decreasing trend in the use of cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05). Treatment use varied significantly between hospitals, especially for plasma exchange.ConclusionThe treatment of children with severe AAV is shifting from cyclophosphamide to rituximab, and their need for dialysis, mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization remains common. Use of plasma exchange is highly variable.
Predicting Homelessness among Emerging Adults Aging Out of Foster Care
Authors: Shah Melissa Ford , Liu Qinghua , Mark Eddy J. , Barkan Susan , Marshall David , Mancuso David , Lucenko Barbara , Huber Alice 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examines risk and protective factors associated with experiencing homelessness in the year after “aging out” of foster care. Using a state‐level integrated administrative database, we identified 1,202 emerging adults in Washington State who exited foster care between July 2010 and June 2012. Initial bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the association between candidate predictive factors and an indicator of homelessness in a 12‐month follow‐up period. After deploying a stepwise regression process, the final logistic regression model included 15 predictive factors. Youth who were parents, who had recently experienced housing instability, or who were African American had approximately twice the odds of experiencing homelessness in the year after exiting foster care. In addition, youth who had experienced disrupted adoptions, had multiple foster care placements (especially in congregate care settings), or had been involved with the juvenile justice system were more likely to become homeless. In contrast, youth were less likely to experience homelessness if they had ever been placed with a relative while in foster care or had a high cumulative grade point average relative to their peers.
Right‐sided Bochdalek hernia in an elderly patient: a case review of adult Bochdalek hernias from 1982 to 2015 in Japan
Authors: Ohtsuka Yasuhiro , Suzuki Tiberiu H. 
Published: November 2016

CaseAn 89‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea following abdominal pain and vomiting. According to chest computed tomography findings, a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure due to right‐sided Bochdalek hernia was made.OutcomeEmergency laparotomy revealed that a bowel loop from the terminal ileum to the transverse colon had herniated into the right thoracic cavity through the foramen of Bochdalek. The herniated organs were reduced to the abdominal cavity and the foramen was repaired by direct suturing. The patient had good recovery and was discharged 78 days later.ConclusionBochdalek hernias in elderly patients are rare, but may be complicated by strangulation of the herniated organ. This should be taken into account by acute care physicians. To prevent this fatal complication, regardless of symptoms, surgical treatment may be essential as soon as a diagnosis of adult Bochdalek hernia is made.
Synthese und Reaktivität von Verbindungen mit elektronenpräzisen B‐B‐Einfach‐ und B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen
Authors: Arrowsmith Merle , Braunschweig Holger , Stennett Tom E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren hat die Chemie niedermolekularer Verbindungen mit elektronenpräzisen Bor‐Bor‐Bindungen große Fortschritte gemacht. Dieser Aufsatz bietet eine Übersicht über die neuesten Methoden zur kontrollierten Synthese von B‐B‐Einfach‐ und B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen sowie über den immer größer werdenden Reaktivitätsumfang von B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen.
Metal‐Free meta‐Selective Alkyne Oxyarylation with Pyridine N‐Oxides: Rapid Assembly of Metyrapone Analogues
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Ruider Stefan A. , Hartmann Rolf W. , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn efficient metal‐free oxyarylation of electron‐poor alkynes with pyridine N‐oxides has been developed. This transformation affords meta‐substituted pyridines analogous to the drug metyrapone in high regioselectivities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided important insight into the mechanism. Evaluation of the inhibitory properties revealed the most active CYP11B1 inhibitor of these derivatives, with two‐digit nanomolar inhibitory activity akin to that of metyrapone.
Probing the viscoelastic moduli of thin, soft films with a quartz crystal resonator
Authors: Tang Xuefeng , Fang Jiajie , Du Xianbin , Zhu Da‐Ming 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTCoating biomaterials with thin, soft films can alter properties, such as the biocompatibility of the materials, whereas it remains a great challenge to probe the properties of such films. In this article, we show a method that allows for the determination of the viscoelastic moduli of thin, soft films deposited on the surface of a quartz crystal through the measurement of resonance frequency shifts and the broadening of the acoustic resonance of the crystal as a resonator. The method is based on transcendental equations, which describe the mechanical response of the quartz resonator with the deposited films. It differs from the currently widely used ones, which use a thin film approximation numerically through the solution of transcendental equations to determine the viscoelasticity of the films. We estimated the glass‐transition temperature of a thin poly(vinyl butyral) film by measuring the change in the viscoelastic moduli of the film with increasing temperature, and the results agree well with the temperature obtained from other techniques. The method was not constrained to the range of the elastic moduli of the film, except where the acoustic film resonance occurred, and thus, could be applied to the study of a wide variety of thin, soft layers under different conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44532.
Graphene oxide functionalized by poly(ionic liquid)s for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Huang Lei , Jin Yufen , Sun Li , Chen Feng , Fan Ping , Zhong Mingqiang , Yang Jintao 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(ionic liquid)s have been demonstrated as high efficient CO2 absorbents. In the current study, a kind of poly(ionic liquid)s, Poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)‐ethyl] trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (P[MATMA][BF4]) was used to functionalize graphene oxide (GO). The hybrid in which P[MATMA][BF4] was covalently bonded on GO platelets was prepared by a simple method, that is, traditional radical polymerization. The characterizations based on transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the graft of P[MATMA][BF4] on GO. N2 adsorption measurements indicated that P[MATMA][BF4] also greatly increased the specific surface area of GO. Due to the higher specific surface area and the CO2 affinity of P[MATMA][BF4], the GO‐P[MATMA][BF4] hybrid exhibited a much higher CO2 adsorption capacity compared with GO, GO‐NH2, and P[MATMA][BF4]. Their study showed that the combinations of poly(ionic liquid)s and GO could be promising CO2 absorbents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44592.