bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Milli-Charged particles with a moderately large cross section from the Earth’s core at IceCube
Authors: Xu Ye 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is assumed that heavy dark matter ϕ with O(TeV) mass captured by the Earth may decay to relativistic light milli-charged particles (MCPs). These MCPs could be measured by the IceCube neutrino telescope. The massless hidden photon model was taken for MCPs to interact with nuclei, so that the numbers and fluxes of expected MCPs may be evaluated at IceCube. Meanwhile, the numbers of expected neutrino background events were also evaluated at IceCube. Based on the assumption that no events are observed at IceCube in 10 years, the corresponding upper limits on MCP fluxes were calculated at 90% C. L. These results indicated that the MCPs from the Earth’s core could be directly detected at O(1TeV) energies at IceCube when 2 × 10−5 ≲ ϵ2 ≲ 4.5 × 10−3. And a new region of 4 GeV < mMCP < 10 GeV and 4.47 × 10−3 ≲ ϵ ≲ 9.41 × 10−2 is ruled out in the mMCP-ϵ plane with 10 years of IceCube data.
Robertson’s conjecture and universal finite generation in the homology of graph braid groups
Authors: Knudsen Ben , Ramos Eric 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe formulate a categorification of Robertson’s conjecture analogous to the categorical graph minor conjecture of Miyata–Proudfoot–Ramos. We show that these conjectures imply the existence of a finite list of atomic graphs generating the homology of configuration spaces of graphs—in fixed degree, with a fixed number of particles, under topological embeddings. We explain how the simplest case of our conjecture follows from work of Barter and Proudfoot–Ramos, implying that the category of cographs is Noetherian, a result of potential independent interest.
Arterielle Hypertonie bei pädiatrischen Nierenerkrankungen
Authors: Grabitz Carl , Melk Anette 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungEin Bluthochruck (arterielle Hypertonie) muss gerade im Kindesalter frühzeitig erkannt und behandelt werden, um die spätere kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität zu verhindern. Kinder mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen sind eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe, da die Nierenfunktionseinschränkung über die Aktivierung des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) und bei Progression der Niereninsuffizienz mit eingeschränkter Diurese durch Volumenüberladung zu einer arteriellen Hypertonie führt. Der Bluthochdruck wiederum schädigt Gefäße, Herz und Niere, sodass ein Teufelskreis entsteht. Bei der Diagnose und zur Verlaufsuntersuchung des Bluthochdrucks sind die standardisierte Blutdruckmessung und die Langzeitblutdruckmessung entscheidend. Für beide Modalitäten müssen bis zum 16. Lebensjahr geschlechts-, alters- und körperlängenadaptierte Normwerte herangezogen werden. Im Kontext der chronischen Nierenerkrankung ist eine pharmakologische antihypertensive Therapie notwendig. Mittel der Wahl ist die RAAS-Blockade. Blutdruckzielwerte unterhalb der 90. Perzentile werden empfohlen. Auf Basis einer Interventionsstudie, die ein verlangsamtes Fortschreitens der Niereninsuffizienz bei intensiverer Blutdruckeinstellung gezeigt hatte, soll bei Kindern mit chronischer Nierenerkrankungen der Blutdruck unterhalb der 75. und bei Vorliegen einer Proteinurie unterhalb der 50. Perzentile liegen. Für Kinder mit einer Nierenersatztherapie, im Speziellen nach einer Nierentransplantation, steht die Evidenz für einen niedrigeren Zielblutdruck aus Interventionsstudien noch aus. Für die Langzeitbetreuung ist die Überwachung des Endorganschadens durch regelmäßige Echokardiographie, Augenhintergrund- und Albuminurieuntersuchung essenziell.
Rapid investment casting: a techno-economic analysis for evaluating VAT photopolymerisation processes
Authors: Sartini Mikhailo , Favi Claudio , Mandolini Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdopting additive manufacturing in investment casting, known as rapid investment casting, can significantly reduce lead time and cost. Despite many publications on these technologies, no quantitative techno-economic analyses refer to rapid investment casting. The paper provides helpful insights and a decision-making approach for replacing conventional production technologies (i.e. wax injection) with additive manufacturing technologies. The study is based on a techno-economic analysis framework. It allows assessing key performance indicators (e.g. crossover points and payback periods) for stakeholders to decide the suitable VAT photopolymerisation processes (i.e. stereolithography, digital light processing, and material jetting) according to specific production scenarios (i.e. load factors). Analytical cost models were developed in the frame of this work to assess the time and cost of the overall manufacturing process of the resin model for investment casting, considering the post-processing stages for each of the technologies investigated. The cost models were used to assess the benefits introduced by additive manufacturing in rapid investment casting. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the impact of energy, material, and labour costs for both key performance indicators (crossover points and payback periods). The techno-economic analysis yielded the following results: (i) crossover points in terms of production costs vary, ranging from thousands of units for small components in the jewellery or fashion industries to a few dozen units for larger parts in the mechanical industry, and (ii) crossover points in terms of time are lower than those related to cost. Additionally, digital light processing is regarded as the most promising technology, offering the best crossover points and payback periods across various scenarios, mainly when 3D printers are used at a low utilisation rate.
Mechanical characterization of FDM components made of polyaryletherketone (PAEK) for aerospace applications: a comparison of direct printing and box-cut sample manufacturing strategies
Authors: Scipioni Silvia Ilaria , Pace Francesco , Paoletti Alfonso , Lambiase Francesco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the manufacturing strategies employed for fabricating tensile samples utilized in the mechanical characterization of material extrusion (MEX) components constructed with polyaryletherketone (PAEK) for aerospace applications. Two distinct methods were investigated for obtaining tensile test samples: direct cutting and extraction from a box. These methods were examined under both as-printed and annealing conditions. Quasistatic tensile tests were conducted along the building direction to evaluate the impact of processing conditions on the adhesion of overlying layers. The results unveiled significant disparities in mechanical behavior and crystallinity between directly printed samples and those derived from the box. The Young’s modulus exhibited marginal influence; however, the tensile strength of directly printed samples measured at 30 MPa (prior to annealing), corresponding to 50% of the strength observed in samples cut from the box (60 MPa). Moreover, the elongation at rupture of directly printed samples was found to be less than 2%, while that of cut samples exceeded 8%. Notably, directly printed samples exhibited a significant degree of incipient crystallization (12.18%), contrasting with the lower level of crystallinity observed in samples cut from the box (3.27%). These findings underscore the importance of recognizing the limitations associated with direct sample printing, emphasizing its crucial role in accurately characterizing components destined for the aerospace industry. Furthermore, this understanding is pivotal for optimizing the performance and reliability of MEX-printed PAEK components in aerospace engineering applications.
An experimentally validated thermomechanical model for a parametric study on reducing residual stress in cast iron repair welding
Authors: Farahani Ehsan Borzabadi , Eder Martin Alexander , Alizadeh-Sh Masoud , Fæster Søren , Sarhadi Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRemarkable casting properties and superior mechanical characteristics of cast iron make it an ideal material for a wide range of industrial applications. However, the production of cast iron components may result in the formation of cracks and defects, posing a significant threat to their structural integrity. Repair welding is a promising solution to resolve cast iron production defects. However, repair welding cast iron components poses unique challenges that stem from residual stress (RS) formation and the possibility of cracking during the repair process. Moreover, research on cast iron repair is scarce. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a thermo-mechanical model validated by experiments to reduce RS in cast iron repair welding through the optimization of welding parameters and weld sequences as well as the geometry of the repair area. An experimental bead-on-plate weld is set up in order to validate the developed thermo-mechanical model. The temperature distribution in the weld is measured using thermocouples placed around the weld line. An X-ray diffraction technique is used to measure the axial and transverse RS at different points around the weld line. The developed finite element model is employed to simulate the repair welding process and analyze the effect of inter-pass temperature, the number of welding passes, welding sequences, and groove geometry on the RS. The numerical approach applied in this study provides a framework for repair welding optimization of cast iron and other materials, fostering the development of more efficient and reliable repair methods for industrial applications.
A cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS)
Authors: Hynes Sinéad M. , Dwyer Christopher P. , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Rogers Fionnuala , Joyce Robert A. , Oglesby Megan H. , Moses Anusha , Bane Eimear , Counihan Timothy J. , Charamba Beatrice ,   COB-MS PPI Advisory Panel 1
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
There is a high prevalence of cognitive difficulties in MS, but despite this, there are few programmes targeting cognition that focus on the ability to function well in everyday life. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS), an occupation-focused cognitive intervention, was developed to address this. It addresses both the functional difficulties and the wide-ranging symptoms that present in MS.

Objective
Here we report on the results of a cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial (ISRCTN11462710; registered 4th September 2019) evaluating the COB-MS in terms of feasibility and initial efficacy as a cognitive intervention for people with MS.

Method
The eight-session COB-MS intervention was delivered remotely by occupational therapists to participants with MS in the intervention group. Following the end of the trial the COB-MS was delivered to the wait-list control group. Data was collected from people with MS experiencing cognitive difficulties at baseline, post-intervention, 12-weeks, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Goal Attainment Scaling at 12 weeks. Data was also collected in the domains of cognition, quality of life, and mood.

Results
One hundred and eighteen people with MS and cognitive difficulties were randomised to either usual care (n = 60) or COB-MS intervention (n = 58). Ninety-four participants were retained at 6-month follow-up. The COB-MS was found to be feasible, including trial procedures and protocol. Data indicates that the COB-MS is accepted by participants and had positive impacts on daily life. Those allocated to the COB-MS group had a significant improvement in the primary outcome compared to the control condition. Progression criteria set for the feasibility trial have been met therefore further testing of the COB-MS at a definitive trial is supported by the results.

Conclusion
The results provide a strong basis for a pathway to a future definitive trial of COB-MS, with respect to both feasibility and preliminary, clinical efficacy.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN11462710 Date of registration: 4th September 2019.
Energy transition in sustainable transport: concepts, policies, and methodologies
Authors: Collazos Julieth Stefany García , Ardila Laura Milena Cardenas , Cardona Carlos Jaime Franco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe growth in population, economic expansion, and urban dynamism has collectively driven a surge in the use of public and private transport, resulting in increased energy consumption in this sector. Consequently, the transport sector requires an energy transition to meet mobility demands, foster economic growth, and achieve emission reduction. The main objective of this article is to systematically review the literature on energy transition in transportation, categorizing research, identifying barriers, and providing analysis to guide future steps, with a special focus on developing countries. The methodology used in this study follows a sequence for a systematic review based on an evidence-informed approach and specific guidelines for systematic reviews, exploring the concepts, methodologies, and policies within the context of the energy transition, considering transport modes and geographical scope. The findings indicate that electricity is the predominant energy source in this transition, although its prevalence varies by transport mode. Biofuels present an alternative, primarily contributing to emission reduction associated with fossil fuel use. Natural gas emerges as a cost-effective option for heavy transport, while hydrogen represents another alternative, with the challenge of developing recharging infrastructure. Determinants of this transition include recharging infrastructure, tax and nontax incentives, public policies, the generation of electric power from renewable sources, and the management of battery life cycles from mineral extraction to disposal.
Two-step deep-learning identification of heel keypoints from video-recorded gait
Authors: Halvorsen Kjartan , Peng Wei , Olsson Fredrik , Åberg Anna Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurate and fast extraction of step parameters from video recordings of gait allows for richer information to be obtained from clinical tests such as Timed Up and Go. Current deep-learning methods are promising, but lack in accuracy for many clinical use cases. Extracting step parameters will often depend on extracted landmarks (keypoints) on the feet. We hypothesize that such keypoints can be determined with an accuracy relevant for clinical practice from video recordings by combining an existing general-purpose pose estimation method (OpenPose) with custom convolutional neural networks (convnets) specifically trained to identify keypoints on the heel. The combined method finds keypoints on the posterior and lateral aspects of the heel of the foot in side-view and frontal-view images from which step length and step width can be determined for calibrated cameras. Six different candidate convnets were evaluated, combining three different standard architectures as networks for feature extraction (backbone), and with two different networks for predicting keypoints on the heel (head networks). Using transfer learning, the backbone networks were pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset, and the combined networks (backbone + head) were fine-tuned on data from 184 trials of older, unimpaired adults. The data was recorded at three different locations and consisted of 193 k side-view images and 110 k frontal-view images. We evaluated the six different models using the absolute distance on the floor between predicted keypoints and manually labelled keypoints. For the best-performing convnet, the median error was 0.55 cm and the 75% quartile was below 1.26 cm using data from the side-view camera. The predictions are overall accurate, but show some outliers. The results indicate potential for future clinical use by automating a key step in marker-less gait parameter extraction.

Graphical abstract
Wer oder was ist ein Feind? Versuch einer Eingrenzung
Authors: Paris Rainer 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz entwickelt einen „reinen“ Begriff der Feindschaft. Er begreift Feindschaft als absolute Steigerung menschlicher Aggressivität bei gleichzeitigem Wegfall jeder Einschränkung oder Regelbindung. Der Feind ist der ultimativ zu bekämpfende Andere, der um jeden Preis vernichtet werden soll. Der erste Teil listet notwendige indexikalische Merkmale eines solchen Feindverständnisses auf, das im zweiten Abschnitt konflikttheoretisch verortet und von anderen Streittypen abgegrenzt wird. Dem folgt im dritten Teil ein Exkurs über die Feindbegriffe Carl Schmitts. Zum Schluss wird nach möglichen Relativierungen und Auswegen aus der Feindschaft gefragt.
Phase Field Study of Discontinuous Precipitation in a Miscibility Gap System
Authors: Mukherjee Deepjyoti , Larsson Henrik , Odqvist Joakim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA phase field model is developed to study the discontinuous (cellular) precipitation (DP) reaction in a hypothetical A-B miscibility gap system. Unlike previous treatments, the model employs an interaction energy term which couples the composition and the phase field variable to enable the necessary grain boundary movement. The influence of factors such as interaction energy, interfacial mobility and grain boundary diffusivity on the transformation rate and overall microstructure evolution are discussed.
Studies on adhesion between stainless steel fibers and polypropylene matrix addressing application in hybrid yarns
Authors: Böhnke Philippa R. C. , Overberg Matthias , Seidel Jakob , Rehra Jan , Scheffler Christina , Kruppke Iris , Abdkader Anwar , Schmeer Sebastian , Cherif Chokri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHybrid yarns, combining stainless steel with glass fibers, are promising for impact-resistant composites. Inside the yarn, the thermoplastics matrix is provided in the form of endless filaments. Thermoplastics gained popularity as composites' matrix due to recyclability. The study emphasizes customizing adhesion between stainless steel and polypropylene for desired properties in the composites. Tailored adhesion is crucial for optimizing the performance of stainless steel/polypropylene composites. Within this contribution, a selection of adhesion promoters and preventers is analyzed to generate adjustable adhesion between polypropylene matrix and stainless steel filaments. The characterization is fulfilled using contact angle measurements on films of coating agents and coated stainless steel filaments. Furthermore, surface free energy is calculated and theoretical adhesion is analyzed between coating agent and stainless steel filaments and coated stainless steel filaments and polypropylene matrix. The results are validated by single fiber pullout tests.
TOD-related features and station-level ridership: insights from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia
Authors: Widita Alyas , Ikaputra  , Widyastuti Dyah T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to the extensive literature on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) by examining the association between TOD-related features and station-level ridership using the Commuter Rail Line system in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), Indonesia, as a case study. We empirically test this hypothesized association through a series of statistical analyses, drawing from the Direct Ridership Model (DRM) literature. We incorporate indicators of station-level built environment as TOD-related features, along with socio-demographics and transit service characteristics as controls, to predict station-level ridership. Owing to the spatial dependency nature of the data, our results primarily focus on spatial regressions, suggesting that employment density and land-use entropy are consistent TOD-related features influencing station-level ridership. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy insights based on the findings, considering governmental initiatives in developing TOD policies.
Second Victim: Übersetzung der internationalen konsensbasierten Definition mittels Delphi-Methode
Authors: Rösner Hannah , Bushuven Stefan , Ettl Brigitte , Heininger Susanne , Hinzmann Dominik , Huf Wolfgang , Krommer Elisabeth , Marung Hartwig , Potura Eva , Raspe Matthias , Schwappach David , Trifunovic-König Milena , Strametz Reinhard 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Der Begriff „Second Victim“ erfuhr seit seiner Prägung im Jahr 2000 bedeutende inhaltliche Erweiterungen und wurde kürzlich international neu konsentiert. Bislang existiert keine einheitliche deutsche Definition des Begriffs „Second Victim“. Um eine Basis für ein flächendeckendes Verständnis des Phänomens zu schaffen und die Vergleichbarkeit durchgeführter Forschung zum Thema zu erleichtern, zielt diese Studie darauf ab, eine konsensbasierte Übersetzung der aktuellen englischen Definition des Begriffs Second Victim zu erarbeiten.

Methode
Die konsensbasierte Übersetzung wurde mittels der Delphi-Methode durchgeführt. Es wurden 11 deutschsprachige Expertinnen und Experten aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz mit einschlägigen Publikationen eingeladen und 3 Delphi-Runden geplant.

Ergebnisse
An der Studie beteiligten sich 9 von 11 eingeladenen Expertinnen und Experten. Die Übersetzung der internationalen Definition eines Second Victim wurde nach drei Delphi-Runden mit einer Zustimmungsrate von 90 % konsentiert. Ein Second Victim wird damit definiert als: „Jede Fachkraft im Gesundheitswesen, die direkt oder indirekt an einem unerwarteten unerwünschten Patientenereignis, einem unbeabsichtigten Fehler in der Gesundheitsversorgung oder einer Patientenschädigung beteiligt ist und die zur betroffenen Person wird, indem sie ebenfalls beeinträchtigt ist.“

Diskussion
Mit der vorliegenden Delphi-Studie wurde erstmals eine deutschsprachige, evidenzbasierte Definition des Begriffs „Second Victim“ formal durch anerkannte Fachexpertinnen und Fachexperten konsentiert. Damit ist auch in Deutschland eine Grundlage für ein klares Verständnis des Begriffs geschaffen und ein Beitrag zu einer gemeinsamen Basis für die Diskussion und Erforschung des Second-Victim-Phänomens im deutschsprachigen Raum geleistet worden.
Continuous inclusion of other in the self
Authors: Beranek Benjamin , Castillo Geoffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) scale is a popular tool to measure interpersonal closeness that is increasingly being used in economics. We develop and validate a continuous version of the IOS scale. This Continuous IOS scale gives a finer measure and addresses the reluctance of subjects to report low scores on the standard IOS scale. We also propose a version of the standard IOS scale that meets its original design features. Our IOS scales are easy-to-use, well-documented, standardised, and available at https://github.com/geoffreycastillo/ios-js.