bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation from short durations of treatment with ozonated water produced by an electrolytic generation system
Authors: Matsubayashi Makoto , Haraguchi Asako , Morisaki Manami , Ikadai Hiromi , Teramoto Isao , Kido Yasutoshi , Kaneko Akira 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is a common waterborne pathogen that causes diarrhea in vertebrates, including humans. The oocysts shed in the feces of their hosts are resistant to a wide range of disinfectants, and they can thus survive in the environment for a long time. Ozone (O3) is a powerful disinfectant due to its high oxidative characteristics, and it is used to inactivate microorganisms in drinking water and wastewater. As an alternative to the gas dissolution system for producing ozone from oxygen, a simpler electrolytic ozone generation system has recently been developed. In this system, ozone molecules (ozonated water) are more easily, safely, and directly generated in water by electrolysis. In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the efficacy of the ozonated water produced by this system in inactivating Cryptosporidium parasites. The disinfectant capabilities of ozonated water produced by this system at different current intensity (which change the ozone concentrations) and short exposure times (15–60 s) were assessed using two in vitro viability assays, i.e., 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI) staining and excystation assays. The DAPI/PI staining assay results showed that treatment with ozonated water for 1 min inactivated 80% – 90% of the oocysts when the CT value [= concentration of ozone (mg/l) × time (min)] was more than 0.01 mg·min/l. However, these results were not reflected in the excystation assay results. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the oocysts were damaged by the ozone molecules, especially the oocyst walls, and it was found that the deformed oocysts (dead) and partially excysted oocysts (alive) could not be differentiated by the excystation assay. Thus, the excystation assay was found to be unsuitable for the evaluation of the inactivation efficacy of ozonated water produced by this system. Exposure to ozonated water produced with a low current intensity (0.3 A) for 15 and 120 s resulted in the inactivation of 96.8% (CT value: <0.003) and 99.5% (CT value: <0.020) of the oocysts, respectively. Thus, it was estimated that a CT value more than 0.020 was required to inactivate > 99% of the C. parvum oocysts. These results suggested that ozonated water produced by the electrolytic generation system might more effectively inactivate the parasites when compared to that produced by the previous ozone generation system (the gas dissolution system). Although further studies using additional approaches are needed to obtain more clear evidence, this system appears to have high potential for application in various situations and for other pathogenic organisms.
Low-cost 3D printed binocular indirect ophthalmoscope
Authors: Hwang Brian Taeju , Young Weston Charles , Campbell Charles , Shen Bailey Yuguan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Currently available binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes are large and expensive. We sought to create a compact, low-cost 3D printed binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO).Methods The BIO was made with off-the-shelf electronics and optical components, computer-aided design and a consumer-grade 3D printer. Ocular light safety was tested with a spectrometer.Results The component cost of the 3D printed BIO was $182.26. The wireless, spectacle-style BIO weighed 120 grams and was smaller than commercially available BIO’s, with the advantage of a battery incorporated into the frame. The BIO met the International Organization for Standardization’s standards for indirect ophthalmoscopes, as well as the American National Standards Institute’s Group 1 light hazard protection standards for ophthalmic instruments.Conclusions It is possible to produce a high-quality, low-cost BIO using computer-aided design and 3D printing. Such a BIO may be useful in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings.
Unveiling the ethical boundaries of positive and negative creativity: the key role of openness to experience and Ethics positions
Authors: Giancola Marco , Piccardi Laura , D'Amico Simonetta , Nori Raffaella , Palmiero Massimiliano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Clarifying the mechanisms underlying individual differences in creativity is essential to understand the complex nature of this phenomenon. The current research, drawing on the Investment Theory of Creativity and the AMORAL model, investigated the mediating role of ethics positions (idealism and relativism) in the association between openness to experience and both positive (i.e., funny and irony) and negative creativity (i.e., grotesque and macabre). Two-hundred participants were instructed to fill in two self-report questionnaires, aimed to measure personality (HEXACO-60) and ethics positions (EPQ-5). They also were requested to provide creative captions to five different cartoons taken by the New Yorker, as requested in the cartoon caption task, which were evaluated by two independent judges in terms of positive (funny and ironic) and negative (grotesque and macabre) creativity. Results indicated that relativism mediated only the association between openness to experience and negative creativity, suggesting that ethics positions are partially involved in the creative generation. By investigating the complex relationship between openness to experience and ethics positions, the current study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms that lead people to creative expression, offering fruitful insights into the key role of the ethical dimension in human creativity. Implications, limitations, and future research avenues are discussed.
Optimizing the vascular signal suppression in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: Yang Xiuli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Hemodynamic parameters offer a rich resource of physiological biomarkers for studying natural aging and various diseases. Blood signals are often suppressed or isolated according to the study purposes to focus on a certain aspect of hemodynamic properties. In the arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, vascular hyperintensities introduce significant quantitative bias to the regional comparisons. Velocity encoding module comprising a pair of bipolar gradients with equal first momenta is popularly applied to suppress these vascular signals. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation on how experimental conditions affect vascular signal suppression. Systematic studies involving a series of optimizations covering broad parametric ranges at fine resolutions will lead to prohibitively long scan time. Therefore, as an alternative, our current study utilizes simulations to explore the dependence of vascular suppression on the experimental conditions. We found that vascular suppression with >95% efficiency (i.e., <5% residual signals) could be achieved only when voxel sizes were sufficiently large to cover the whole vessel. The ratio between peak velocity and encoding velocity should be ≥2.976 in order to achieve ≥90% vascular signal suppression. If the flow pattern is a mixture of plug and laminar flows, ≥90% vascular signal suppression can be obtained when laminar flow occupies at least 50% of the total flow.
Optimization model for electric aircraft tow tractors considering operator coalition
Authors: Bao Dan-Wen , Zhou Jia-Yi , Kang Di , Chen Zhuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Horizontal collaboration between operators can save traffic operation costs, a concept that has been particularly validated in the logistics field. Due to the increasing transportation demand and the introduction of charging times for electric vehicles, there is growing pressure on airport ground support services. This study introduces the concept of coalition to airport ground support services. Unlike most studies on horizontal collaboration, the scheduling for airport ground support services needs to particularly consider punctuality issues. In this study, we separately establish electric vehicle scheduling models for operator-separate and operator-cooperated modes and design an algorithm based on the concept of the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search algorithm, aiming to obtain the electric vehicle scheduling plan with minimum cost and delay time. Furthermore, the study proposes a cost allocation method that considers the degree of sharing among operators to ensure the feasibility of coalition. Finally, we conducted numerical experiments based on actual airport operation data. The experiments verified the effectiveness of the algorithm and the cost allocation method. Compared to solvers, our algorithm can obtain feasible solutions in a shorter time while ensuring that the objective function gap is within 2%. Additionally, the improved cost allocation method is fairer compared to the traditional Shapley method. Numerical experiments also show that coalition can save 15-25% of airport operating costs and 26-39% of delay time, with savings varying based on the sharing parameters. Through quantitative analysis such as sensitivity analysis, the study provides insights into the variation patterns of overall and individual shared utilities and offers suggestions and decision-making mechanisms for the configuration and operation of airport ground operators.
Study Protocol of Short versus Long-term Levetiracetam in Brain Tumors (LIBRA): A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dasgupta Archya , Mani Shakthivel , Chatterjee Abhishek , Kannan Sadhana , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Shetty Prakash , Singh Vikas , Menon Nandini , Sahu Arpita , Choudhary Amitkumar , Bhattacharya Kajari , Puranik Ameya , Dev Indraja , Epari Sridhar , Sahay Ayushi , Shah Aekta , Bano Nazia , Shaikh Farnaz , Gupta Tejpal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Seizures are common in patients with brain tumors, impacting daily life and healthcare burden. In contemporary neuro-oncology practice, levetiracetam is the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug (AED). Although the practice is widely variable, levetiracetam is usually used for 2-3 years following surgery as prophylaxis. However, the incidence of seizures post antitumoral treatment is relatively low, and the duration of prophylaxis is not well defined. To address this knowledge gap, the current randomized controlled non-inferiority trial will be conducted comparing a shorter regimen of levetiracetam with the standard long-term schedule.
Methods and Analysis: Patients with newly diagnosed primary brain tumors in the supratentorial compartment with a prior history of seizure will be eligible for the study. Adults ( >18 years), within 1 year from surgery, and controlled on levetiracetam monotherapy for 6 months will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to either standard arm (long course: additional 2 years levetiracetam) or experimental arm (short course: tapered of levetiracetam and stopped). Stratification factors include tumor location, seizure type, histology, grade, and adjuvant therapy. The primary endpoint is 2-year seizure-free survival (SFS); secondary endpoints include seizure impact, quality of life, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Assuming a 2-year SFS rate of 80%, a total of 431 patients (167 events) will be needed to prove the non-inferiority of the experimental arm (non-inferiority margin of 8%, α=0.05, power=80%). Considering an attrition rate of 40% (25% accounting for death and 15% lost to follow-up), the final sample size is 604.
Discussion: The trial will provide level 1 evidence on the optimal duration of AED use in primary brain tumors with history of seizures. If short-term AED use is non-inferior, it will reduce drug utilization, lower neurotoxicity, improve quality of life, and optimize resource usage.
Ethics and Dissemination: The trial has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai.
Registration: Registered with CTRI/2024/06/069498, Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06442748
Assessing the Survival Benefit of Primary Tumor Treatment in Uveal Melanoma: A Re-analysis of COMS and NHS Cohorts
Authors: Witzenhausen Hans , Stålhammar Gustav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate if there is a survival benefit of primary tumor treatment in uveal melanoma by comparing patients who declined treatment (Natural History Study, NHS) with those who received treatment in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) for medium-sized choroidal melanomas.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study using reverse-engineered survival data based on the original COMS publication.
Subjects:
A total of 1317 patients from the COMS cohort and 42 patients from the NHS cohort who declined treatment. Of the 42 NHS patients, 22 later opted for treatment after a mean delay of 1.4 years.
Methods/Intervention:
Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, and survival distributions between the NHS and COMS cohorts were compared using the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.
Main Outcome Measure:
Survival difference between the COMS and NHS cohorts, assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative all-cause mortality.
Results:
After reverse-engineering the COMS and NHS cohorts and adjusting to reduce the risk of type I errors, we observed a hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 1.72 (95% CI, 1.08–2.77) and an unadjusted risk ratio for death at 8 years of 1.48 (95% CI, 0.82–2.11). Both ratios were lower than those reported in the original publication, indicating a smaller survival difference. The reduction in the number of deaths in our reverse-engineered NHS cohort—18 compared to 19 in the original study—further supports the conservative nature of our approach. Nonetheless, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher cumulative proportion of deaths in the NHS cohort (Log-rank P=0.02), despite these patients having smaller tumors at baseline.
Conclusions:
Patients who declined treatment in the NHS cohort had significantly worse survival outcomes than those in the COMS cohort, supporting the hypothesis that primary tumor treatment confers a survival benefit in uveal melanoma.
A Pharmacological Overview and Recent Patent of Triazine Scaffold in Drug Development: A Review
Authors: Dubey Pragya , Pathak Dharam Pal , Chauhan Garima , Ali Faraat 
Published: September 2024

:
The triazine moiety holds a special and very important position in the field of medicinal
chemistry owing to its enormous biological and pharmacological potential. Over eras, triazine
scaffolds have been investigated for synthesizing novel molecules that may be used for the
treatment of different types of pathological conditions, such as infections, cancer, inflammation
etc. A vast number of lead molecules have been established from the triazine moiety. The triazine
fused with numerous heterocyclic rings, such as pyrrole, benzimidazole, indole, imidazole, carbazole,
etc., have formed various bicyclic with pharmacological actions. The triazines display a
wide range of activities, and synthesizing various marketable medicines that hold triazine moiety
has made the attention of chemists worldwide grow over the years in the moiety. In this review
article, the commercially available compound containing triazine has been presented, and an
attempt has been made to collect the works reported, mostly in the past decade, by numerous
scientists, related to the structural differences amongst the triazine analogues giving antitumor,
and antimicrobial and other activities.

:
The objective of this review article was to outline the current information on triazines and their
derivatives with respect to their biological potential and various pharmacological activities.

:
The summary of this review article would be helpful and describe the function and activity of
the moiety to bring up-to-date the scientists working in the direction of designing and synthesising
novel lead molecules for the treatment of different types of disease with the current molecules
that have been synthesized from the triazine scaffold.
Design and Implementation of a Dashboard for Drug Interactions Mediated by Cytochromes Using a Health Care Data Warehouse in a University Hospital Center: Development Study
Authors: Gosselin Laura , Maes Alexandre , Eyer Kevin , Dahamna Badisse , Disson Flavien , Darmoni Stefan , Wils Julien , Grosjean Julien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The enzymatic system of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs present in the liver. Literature records instances of underdosing of drugs due to the concurrent administration of another drug that strongly induces the same cytochrome for which the first drug is a substrate and overdosing due to strong inhibition. IT solutions have been proposed to raise awareness among prescribers to mitigate these interactions.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a drug interaction dashboard for Cytochrome-mediated drug interactions (DIDC) using a health care data warehouse to display results that are easily readable and interpretable by clinical experts.

Methods
The initial step involved defining requirements with expert pharmacologists. An existing model of interactions involving the (CYP450) was used. A program for the automatic detection of cytochrome-mediated drug interactions (DI) was developed. Finally, the development and visualization of the DIDC were carried out by an IT engineer. An evaluation of the tool was carried out.

Results
The development of the DIDC was successfully completed. It automatically compiled cytochrome-mediated DIs in a comprehensive table and provided a dedicated dashboard for each potential DI. The most frequent interaction involved paracetamol and carbamazepine with CYP450 3A4 (n=50 patients). The prescription of tacrolimus with CYP3A5 genotyping pertained to 675 patients. Two experts qualitatively evaluated the tool, resulting in overall satisfaction scores of 6 and 5 out of 7, respectively.

Conclusions
At our hospital, measurements of molecules that could have altered concentrations due to cytochrome-mediated DIs are not systematic. These DIs can lead to serious clinical consequences. The purpose of this DIDC is to provide an overall view and raise awareness among prescribers about the importance of measuring concentrations of specific drugs and metabolites. Ultimately, the tool could lead to an individualized approach and become a prescription support tool if integrated into prescription assistance software.
EyeMatics: An Ophthalmology Use Case Within the German Medical Informatics Initiative
Authors: Varghese Julian , Schuster Alexander , Poschkamp Broder , Yildirim Kemal , Oehm Johannes , Berens Philipp , Müller Sarah , Gervelmeyer Julius , Koch Lisa , Hoffmann Katja , Sedlmayr Martin , Kakkassery Vinodh , Kohlbacher Oliver , Merle David , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Ueffing Marius , Stahl Dana , Leddig Torsten , Bialke Martin , Hampf Christopher , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Berthe Sebastian , Waltemath Dagmar , Walter Peter , Lipprandt Myriam , Röhrig Rainer , Storp Jens Julian , Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Holtrup Lea , Brix Tobias , Stahl Andreas , Eter Nicole 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The EyeMatics project, embedded as a clinical use case in Germany’s Medical Informatics Initiative, is a large digital health initiative in ophthalmology. The objective is to improve the understanding of the treatment effects of intravitreal injections, the most frequent procedure to treat eye diseases. To achieve this, valuable patient data will be meaningfully integrated and visualized from different IT systems and hospital sites. EyeMatics emphasizes a governance framework that actively involves patient representatives, strictly implements interoperability standards, and employs artificial intelligence methods to extract biomarkers from tabular and clinical data as well as raw retinal scans. In this perspective paper, we delineate the strategies for user-centered implementation and health care–based evaluation in a multisite observational technology study.
Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kerjasama Antara Ud.Citra Batu Bulan dengan Restoran Nebula Kuta dalam Bidang Supplier Buah dan Sayur
Authors: Ni Kadek Erika Manggala  , Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati  , I Wayan Kartika Jaya Utama  
Published: September 2024

Dalam dunia bisnis, suatu kerjasama tidak bisa lepas dari perjanjian yang dibuat.Di Dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kerjasama antara UD.Citra dengan Restoran Nebula Kuta telah terjadi perselisihan mengenai ketidakseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara para pihak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan perjanjian kerjasama antara UD. Citra dengan restoran nebula kuta dalam bidang supplier buah dan sayur dan bagaimana penyelesaian perselisihan apabila terjadi wanprestasi dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kerjasama antara UD. Citra dengan restoran nebula kuta dalam bidang supplier buah dan sayur. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum empiris. Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fakta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian UD. Citra dengan Restoran Nebula Kuta membuat perjanjian berupa kontrak harga dan pembayaran yang harus dilakukan oleh Restoran Nebula Kuta selama 2 (dua) bulan sekali. Terjadinya perselisihan dikarenakan Restoran Nebula Kuta tidak memenuhi prestasi dalam hal ini yaitu tidak melakukan kewajibannya dalam melakukan pembayaran terhadap pihak UD. Citra. Penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan dengan pembuatan surat perjanjian utang piutang.
Synthesis of 2, 5-disubstituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Solet Sanwar Mal , Sharma Neetesh Kumar , Bhadauria Raghvendra Singh 
Published: September 2024

Synthesis of a series of various 2, 5-disubstituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (7a-7u) have been done. Synthesis of a series of intermediates (3a-3c and 5a-5c) have been also done, ethyl-2-phenoxyacetate (3a), ethyl 2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate (3b), ethyl 2-(4-nitrorophenoxy) acetate (3c), 2-phenoxyacetohydrazide (5a), 2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) acetohydrazide (5b), 2-(4-nitrophenoxy)acetohydrazide (5c), and final product (7a-7u), 2-(phenoxymethyl)-5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (7a), 4-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7b), 3-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) aniline (7c), 2-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7d), 2, 4-dinitro-6-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7e), 2-(4-(methylthio)benzyl)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7f), 2-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7g), 4-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7h), 3-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7i), 2-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7j), 2-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol (7k), 2-((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-5-(4-(methylthio)benzyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7l), (Z)-2-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-5-styryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7m), (S)-4-(2-(5-((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propyl)phenol (7n), 2-((4-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (7o), 4-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7p), 3-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7q), 2-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7r), 2, 4-dinitro-6-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7s), 2-(4-(methylthio) benzyl)-5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7t), (Z)-2-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-5-styryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7u) and 5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (7v).