bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Physical Activity on Self‐Reported Disability in Older Adults: Results from the LIFE Study
Authors: Manini Todd M. , Beavers Daniel P. , Pahor Marco , Guralnik Jack M. , Spring Bonnie , Church Timothy S. , King Abby C. , Folta Sara C. , Glynn Nancy W. , Marsh Anthony P. , Gill Thomas M. ,   the LIFE study investigators
Published: February 2017

Background/ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that a long‐term structured, moderate intensity physical activity (PA) program is more effective than a health education (HE) program in reducing the risk of s elf‐reported dependency and disability in basic activities of daily living (BADLs), disability in instrumental ADLs (IADL), and mobility disability.DesignThe Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study was a multicenter, single‐blinded randomized trial.SettingUniversity‐based research clinic.ParticipantsThousand six hundred and thirty five sedentary men and women aged 70–89 years, who had functional limitations, defined as a score ≤9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery.InterventionParticipants were randomized to a structured, moderate intensity PA program (n = 818) that included aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises or to a HE program (n = 817).MeasurementsAll outcomes were derived by self‐report using periodic interviews that asked about the degree of difficulty and receipt of help during the past month. Dependency was defined as “receiving assistance” or “unable” to do ≥1 activities. Disability was defined as having “a lot of difficulty” or “unable” doing ≥1 activities. Severe disability was defined as reporting difficulty or being unable to perform ≥3 activities.ResultsOver an average follow‐up of 2.6 years, the cumulative incidence of BADL dependency was 15.2% among PA and 15.1% among HE participants (HR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.78–0.1.3). Intervention groups had similar rates of incident BADL disability, IADL disability and reported mobility disability. Reporting severe mobility disability (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64–0.96) and ratings of difficulty on mobility tasks were reduced in the PA group.ConclusionA structured physical activity intervention reduces reported severe mobility disability and difficulty on mobility tasks, but not BADL and IADL disability in older adults with functional limitations.
C‐reactive protein in the detection of post‐stroke infections: systematic review and individual participant data analysis
Authors: Bustamante Alejandro , Vilar‐Bergua Andrea , Guettier Sophie , Sánchez‐Poblet Josep , García‐Berrocoso Teresa , Giralt Dolors , Fluri Felix , Topakian Raffi , Worthmann Hans , Hug Andreas , Molnar Tihamer , Waje‐Andreassen Ulrike , Katan Mira , Smith Craig J. , Montaner Joan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis to explore the role of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in early detection or prediction of post‐stroke infections. CRP, an acute‐phase reactant binds to the phosphocholine expressed on the surface of dead or dying cells and some bacteria, thereby activating complement and promoting phagocytosis by macrophages. We searched PubMed up to May‐2015 for studies measuring CRP in stroke and evaluating post‐stroke infections. Individual participants’ data were merged into a single database. CRP levels were standardized and divided into quartiles. Factors independently associated with post‐stroke infections were determined by logistic regression analysis and the additional predictive value of CRP was assessed by comparing areas under receiver operating characteristic curves and integrated discrimination improvement index. Data from seven studies including 699 patients were obtained. Standardized CRP levels were higher in patients with post‐stroke infections beyond 24 h. Standardized CRP levels in the fourth quartile were independently associated with infection in two different logistic regression models, model 1 [stroke severity and dysphagia, odds ratio = 9.70 (3.10–30.41)] and model 2 [age, sex, and stroke severity, odds ratio = 3.21 (1.93–5.32)]. Addition of CRP improved discrimination in both models [integrated discrimination improvement = 9.83% (0.89–18.77) and 5.31% (2.83–7.79), respectively], but accuracy was only improved for model 1 (area under the curve 0.806–0.874, p = 0.036). In this study, CRP was independently associated with development of post‐stroke infections, with the optimal time‐window for measurement at 24–48 h. However, its additional predictive value is moderate over clinical information. Combination with other biomarkers in a panel seems a promising strategy for future studies.
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Tissue oxygen saturation levels from fetus to neonate
Authors: Mukai Mari , Uchida Toshiyuki , Itoh Hiroaki , Suzuki Hikaru , Niwayama Masatsugu , Kanayama Naohiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimOxygen saturation during the term of delivery to the first cry, when fetal circulation dynamically changes, has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether the continuous measurement of regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) from crowning until 5 min after delivery is possible using fetal tissue oximetry with a sensor attached to the examiner's finger.MethodsOxygen saturation levels in fetal cranial tissue between the second stage of delivery to crowning and up to 5 min after delivery were measured using fetal tissue oximetry with a sensor attached to the examiner's finger. Thirty‐five deliveries were examined, and oxygen saturation was measured in seven infants from delivery of the head until 5 min after birth. Umbilical cord blood gas was measured in all cases. This clinical test was performed under the permission of the Ethics Committee of Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.ResultsAverage tissue oxygen saturation in the second stage of delivery and at 5 min after delivery were 50.3 ± 16.3% and 56.8 ± 8.46%, respectively. In cases of continuous measurement, average rSO2 for crowning, immediately after delivery, and the first cry was 32.7 ± 9.5%, 30.0 ± 6.6%, and 31.6 ± 5.5%, respectively.ConclusionWe herein successfully measured oxygen saturation levels in fetal cranial tissue during crowning, delivery of the head, the first cry, and 5 min after delivery using fetal tissue oximetry with a sensor attached to the examiner's finger.
A New Twist on Old Questions: A Life Span Approach to the Trait Concept
Authors: Hampson Sarah E. , Edmonds Grant W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe examine three cardinal concerns in personality psychology from a life span perspective: trait structure, trait stability, and trait mechanisms that account for the predictive utility of traits. We draw on previously published and new findings from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, as well as work by others.MethodThe Hawaii study provides a unique opportunity to relate a comprehensive assessment of participants' childhood personality traits (over 2,000 children, mean age 10 years) to their adult personality traits and other self‐report outcomes in their 40s, 50s, and 60s, and their clinically assessed health at mean age 51.ResultsOur analyses have demonstrated that the Big Five can be used to describe childhood personality in this cohort. The stability of the Big Five from childhood teacher assessments to adult self‐ or observer reports is modest and varies from Big Five trait to trait. Personality mechanisms of life span health behavior and life span trauma experience explain some of the influence of childhood Conscientiousness on adult health outcomes.ConclusionsA life span approach highlights the dynamic nature of traits and their long‐term predictive utility, and it offers numerous directions for future research.
Narcissism and Social Networking Behavior: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Appel Markus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe increasing popularity of social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook and Twitter has given rise to speculations that the intensity of using these platforms is associated with narcissistic tendencies. However, recent research on this issue has been all but conclusive.MethodWe present a three‐level, random effects meta‐analysis including 289 effect sizes from 57 studies (total N = 25,631) on the association between trait narcissism and social networking behavior.ResultsThe meta‐analysis identified a small to moderate effect of ρ = .17 (τ = .11), 95% CI [.13, .21], for grandiose narcissism that replicated across different social networking platforms, respondent characteristics, and time. Moderator analyses revealed pronounced cultural differences, with stronger associations in power‐distant cultures. Moreover, social networking behaviors geared toward self‐presentation and the number of SNS friends exhibited stronger effects than usage durations.ConclusionsOverall, the study not only supported but also refined the notion of a relationship between engaging in social networking sites and narcissistic personality traits.
Prioritizing young people's emotional health support needs via participatory research
Authors: Kendal S. E. , Milnes L. , Welsby H. , Pryjmachuk S. ,   Co‐Researchers’ Group
Published: February 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on this subject?

Young people's mental health is a concern to people around the world. Good emotional health promotes mental health and protects against mental illness, but we need to know more about how to help young people look after their emotional health.

We are learning that research is better if the public are involved in it, including children and young people. Therefore, we need to listen carefully to what young people have to say.

In this paper, we describe some research that involved young people from start to finish. We were asking what kind of emotional health support would be useful to them.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

We developed a useful way to involve young people in research so their voice can be heard.

Young people like to use the Internet to find emotional health support and information, but need to know which web sites they can trust.

What are the implications for practice?

Our method of bringing young people together to tell us their views was successful.

It is important to explore ways to help young people judge the quality of emotional health web sites.

AbstractIntroductionYouth mental health is a global concern. Emotional health promotes mental health and protects against mental illness. Youth value self‐care for emotional health, but we need better understanding of how to help them look after their emotional health. Participatory research is relevant, since meaningful engagement with youth via participatory research enhances the validity and relevance of research findings and supports young people's rights to involvement in decisions that concern them.AimWe aimed to develop a participatory approach for involving youth in research about their emotional health support preferences.MethodOur team included a young expert‐by‐experience. We developed a qualitative, participatory research design. Eleven youth (16–18 years) participated in focus groups, followed immediately by a nominal group exercise in which they analysed the data, thus enhancing methodological rigour.ResultsThis process highlighted youth perspectives on self‐care strategies for emotional health.Discussion and implications for practiceOur simple participatory research approach generated trustworthy and credible findings, which accurately reflect youth perspectives and are consistent with the literature, endorsing our method. Young people said that they want reassurances of quality and safety when accessing digital mental health resources. These findings can inform future development of youth‐oriented digital mental health resources.
Spatial Correspondence Learning is Critical for the Sequence Effects of Symbolic Cueing
Authors: Qian Qian , Wang Feng , Song Miao , Feng Yong , Shinomori Keizo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAttention orienting has been found to be influenced by the previous cueing status in a spatial cueing paradigm. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cue predictive values or the spatial correspondence learning between cues and targets could influence the sequence effect of symbolic cueing. The findings revealed that the predictive values of arrow or word cues do not lead to different sequence effects, but that visually asymmetrical letter cues, which allow spatial correspondence learning between cues and targets, induce stronger sequence effects than visually symmetrical letter cues. In addition, visually symmetrical directional word cues can induce sequence effects. The results suggest that spatial correspondence learning, although not obligatory, is critical for the sequence effects of symbolic cueing. The findings support the feature‐integration hypothesis, rather than the strategic adjustments account.
Specificity of root microbiomes in native‐grown Nicotiana attenuata and plant responses to UVB increase Deinococcus colonization
Authors: Santhanam Rakesh , Oh Youngjoo , Kumar Ramesh , Weinhold Arne , Luu Van Thi , Groten Karin , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlants recruit microbial communities from the soil in which they germinate. Our understanding of the recruitment process and the factors affecting it is still limited for most microbial taxa. We analysed several factors potentially affecting root microbiome structure – the importance of geographic location of natural populations, the microbiome of native seeds as putative source of colonization and the effect of a plant's response to UVB exposure on root colonization of highly abundant species. The microbiome of Nicotiana attenuata seeds was determined by a culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approach, and the root microbiome of natural N. attenuata populations from five different locations was analysed using 454‐pyrosequencing. To specifically address the influence of UVB light on root colonization by Deinococcus, a genus abundant and consistently present in N. attenuata roots, transgenic lines impaired in UVB perception (irUVR8) and response (irCHAL) were investigated in a microcosm experiment with/without UVB supplementation using a synthetic bacterial community. The seed microbiome analysis indicated that N. attenuata seeds are sterile. Alpha and beta diversities of native root bacterial communities differed significantly between soil and root, while location had only a significant effect on the fungal but not the bacterial root communities. With UVB supplementation, root colonization of Deinococcus increased in wild type, but decreased in irUVR8 and irCHAL plants compared to nontreated plants. Our results suggest that N. attenuata recruits a core root microbiome exclusively from soil, with fungal root colonization being less selective than bacterial colonization. Root colonization by Deinococcus depends on the plant's response to UVB.
Specificity of fungal associations of Pyroleae and Monotropa hypopitys during germination and seedling development
Authors: Johansson V. A. , Bahram M. , Tedersoo L. , Kõljalg U. , Eriksson O. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMycoheterotrophic plants obtain organic carbon from associated mycorrhizal fungi, fully or partially. Angiosperms with this form of nutrition possess exceptionally small ‘dust seeds’ which after germination develop ‘seedlings’ that remain subterranean for several years, fully dependent on fungi for supply of carbon. Mycoheterotrophs which as adults have photosynthesis thus develop from full to partial mycoheterotrophy, or autotrophy, during ontogeny. Mycoheterotrophic plants may represent a gradient of variation in a parasitism–mutualism continuum, both among and within species. Previous studies on plant–fungal associations in mycoheterotrophs have focused on either germination or the adult life stages of the plant. Much less is known about the fungal associations during development of the subterranean seedlings. We investigated germination and seedling development and the diversity of fungi associated with germinating seeds and subterranean seedlings (juveniles) in five Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) species, the full mycoheterotroph Monotropa hypopitys and the putatively partial mycoheterotrophs Pyrola chlorantha, P. rotundifolia, Moneses uniflora and Chimaphila umbellata. Seedlings retrieved from seed sowing experiments in the field were used to examine diversity of fungal associates, using pyrosequencing analysis of ITS2 region for fungal identification. The investigated species varied with regard to germination, seedling development and diversity of associated fungi during juvenile ontogeny. Results suggest that fungal host specificity increases during juvenile ontogeny, most pronounced in the fully mycoheterotrophic species, but a narrowing of fungal associates was found also in two partially mycoheterotrophic species. We suggest that variation in specificity of associated fungi during seedling ontogeny in mycoheterotrophs represents ongoing evolution along a parasitism–mutualism continuum.
The reliability of the German version of the Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire
Authors: Krotsetis Susanne , Richards Kathy C , Behncke Anja , Köpke Sascha 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe assessment of sleep quality in critically ill patients is a relevant factor of high‐quality care. Despite the fact that sleep disturbances and insufficient sleep management contain an increased risk of severe morbidity for these patients, a translated and applicable instrument to evaluate sleep is not available for German‐speaking intensive care settings.AimThis study aimed to translate the Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), a simple and validated instrument eligible for measuring sleep quality in critically ill patients, and subsequently to evaluate the internal consistency of the German version of the RCSQ. Furthermore, it also aimed to inquire into the perception of sleep in a sample of critically ill patients.MethodsThe RCSQ was translated following established methodological standards. Data were collected cross‐sectionally in a sample of 51 patients at 3 intensive care units at a university hospital in Germany.ResultsThe German version of the RCSQ showed an overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0·88. The mean of the RSCQ in the sample was 47·00 (SD ± 27·57). Depth of sleep was rated the lowest and falling asleep again the highest of the RCSQ sleep items.ConclusionThe study demonstrated very good internal consistency of the German version of the RCSQ, allowing for its application in practice and research in German‐speaking countries. Quality of sleep perception was generally low in this sample, emphasizing the need for enhanced care concepts regarding the sleep management of critically ill patients.Relevance to clinical practiceAssessment of self‐perception of sleep is crucial in order to plan an individually tailored care process.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nondependent Pacemaker Patients with Pacemakers and Defibrillators with a Nearly Depleted Battery
Authors: OKAMURA HIDEO , PADMANABHAN DEEPAK , WATSON ROBERT E. , DALZELL CONNIE , ACKER NANCY , JONDAL MARY , ROMME ABBY L. , CHA YONG‐MEI , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , FELMLEE JOEL P. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with non‐MRI‐conditional cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has been shown to be safe when performed under closely monitored protocols. However, the safety of MRI in patients with devices with a nearly depleted battery has not been reported.MethodsProspective data were collected between January 2008 and May 2015 in patients with non‐MRI‐conditional CIEDs undergoing clinically indicated MRI under institutional protocol. Patients who were pacemaker dependent were excluded. Patients whose devices were at elective replacement indicator (ERI) at the time of MRI or close to ERI (ERI or replacement for battery depletion within 3 months of scan) were identified through database review and analyzed for clinical events.ResultsMRI scans (n = 569) were performed in 442 patients. Of these, we identified 13 scans performed with a nearly depleted battery in nine patients. All scans with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs, n = 9) were uneventful. However, two scans with pacemakers close to ERI resulted in a power‐on‐reset (PoR) event. One scan with a pacemaker close to ERI that was programmed to DOO mode reached ERI during MRI and automatically changed to VVI mode. Additionally, one scan with a pacemaker at ERI did not allow programming. All pacemakers with events were implanted before 2005.ConclusionPatients with pacemakers and ICDs with a nearly depleted battery can safely undergo MRI when patients are not pacemaker dependent. Attention should be paid because old devices can result in PoR or ERI during MRI, which may lead to oversensing and inhibition of pacing.
Romantic competence, healthy relationship functioning, and well‐being in emerging adults
Authors: DAVILA JOANNE , MATTANAH JONATHAN , BHATIA VICKIE , LATACK JESSICA A. , FEINSTEIN BRIAN A. , EATON NICHOLAS R. , DAKS JENNIFER S. , KUMAR SHAINA A. , LOMASH EDWARD F. , MCCORMICK MELODY , ZHOU JIAQI 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA skills‐based model of healthy relationship functioning—romantic competence (RC)—is described. Its association with relationship and individual well‐being was examined in three studies of emerging adults using the Romantic Competence Interview for Emerging Adults (RCI–EA), which measures competence as the interplay of three skill domains. Across studies (women [n = 102], women and men [n = 187], romantic couples [n = 89]), RC was associated with greater security, healthier decision making, greater satisfaction, and fewer internalizing symptoms. The RCI–EA skill domains formed a latent factor and were associated with self‐reports reflective of RC, supporting the construct's validity. The RC construct may thus provide a theory‐driven, overarching way to characterize healthy romantic functioning that can reduce negative outcomes.