bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural marine sponges for bone tissue engineering: The state of art and future perspectives
Authors: Granito Renata Neves , Custódio Márcio Reis , Rennó Ana Claudia Muniz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMarine life and its rich biodiversity provide a plentiful resource of potential new products for the society. Remarkably, marine organisms still remain a largely unexploited resource for biotechnology applications. Among them, marine sponges are sessile animals from the phylum Porifera dated at least from 580 million years ago. It is known that molecules from marine sponges present a huge therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications mainly due to its antitumor, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and antibiotic effects. In this context, this article reviews all the information available in the literature about the potential of the use of marine sponges for bone tissue engineering applications. First, one of the properties that make sponges interesting as bone substitutes is their structural characteristics. Most species have an efficient interconnected porous architecture, which allows them to process a significant amount of water and facilitates the flow of fluids, mimicking an ideal bone scaffold. Second, sponges have an organic component, the spongin, which is analogous to vertebral collagen, the most widely used natural polymer for tissue regeneration. Last, osteogenic properties of marine sponges is also highlighted by their mineral content, such as biosilica and other compounds, that are able to support cell growth and to stimulate bone formation and mineralization. This review focuses on recent studies concerning these interesting properties, as well as on some challenges to be overcome in the bone tissue engineering field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1717–1727, 2017.
Adenovirus‐mediated artificial microRNA against human fibrinogen like protein 2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth
Authors: Wang Ming , Liu Junhui , Xi Dong , Luo Xiaoping , Ning Qin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundHuman fibrinogen‐like protein 2 (hFGL2) is overexpressed in various human solid tumors and is associated with tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) LM6 cells. In the present study, an adenoviral vector expressing an artificial microRNA (miRNA) against hfgl2 (Ad‐hfgl2‐miRNA) was used to evaluate the effect of FGL2 knockdown on cell proliferation and tumor growth of HCCLM6 xenografts.MethodsAd‐hfgl2‐miRNA was constructed and its effect on hFGL2 expression and cell proliferation was analyzed. The xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice and this was accompanied by intratumoral injection of Ad‐hfgl2‐miRNA when the tumor volume had reached 100 mm3. The volume of the tumor xenograft was recorded and angiogenesis in the tumor xenograft was assessed.ResultsAd‐hfgl2‐miRNA significantly downregulated hFGL2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and exerted an inhibitory effect on proliferation in HCCLM6 cells. In HCCLM6 tumor‐bearing mice, the tumor volume significantly decreased following the intratumoral injection of Ad‐hfgl2‐miRNA compared to that of control groups. Additionally, Ad‐hfgl2‐miRNA also exhibited potent anti‐angiogenic effects.ConclusionsHFGL2 might be a potential target for controlling angiogenesis in HCC and hfgl2 gene silencing via miRNA may be an alternative strategy for the management of HCC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Longitudinal Study of the Bidirectional Relationship Between Social Support and Posttraumatic Stress Following a Natural Disaster
Authors: Platt Jonathan M. , Lowe Sarah R. , Galea Sandro , Norris Fran H. , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere is ample evidence that social support is protective against posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms through social causation processes. It is also likely that PTS is associated with decreased social support through social selection processes. Few studies, however, have examined the longitudinal and bidirectional associations between social support and PTS in a postdisaster context, and whether such associations vary by type of support (e.g., emotional, informational, or tangible). We examined these relationships using Galveston Bay Recovery Study data. Participants (N = 658) were interviewed 2–6 months (W1), 5–9 months (W2), and 14–19 months (W3) after Hurricane Ike in 2008. Longitudinal relationships between each support type and PTS were examined in cross‐lagged models. W1 emotional support was negatively associated with W2 PTS (Estimate = –.13, p = .007), consistent with social causation. W1 PTS was negatively associated with W2 emotional support (Estimate = –.14, p = .019), consistent with social selection. In contrast, pathways were nonsignificant at subsequent waves and for informational and tangible support. Results suggested that postdisaster social causation and selection were limited to emotional support and diminish over time. Based on these findings, postdisaster services should emphasize restoring supportive social connections to minimize the psychiatric consequences of disaster, especially among those with prior evidence of distress.
Brand Authenticity: Testing the Antecedents and Outcomes of Brand Management's Passion for its Products
Authors: Moulard Julie Guidry , Raggio Randle D. , Folse Judith Anne Garretson 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWhile customer orientation is accepted as a core marketing principle, this research suggests that an opposing orientation—product orientation—may offer an advantage. Managers who follow a product orientation focus on products that interest and inspire them rather than on products that fulfill consumers’ desires. This research suggests that a consumer'sperceptionthat managers follow a product orientation is consistent with prior conceptualizations of brand authenticity. That research suggests that brands perceived as authentic are evaluated more positively, yet that research does not empirically assess brand authenticity's effects nor suggest its antecedents. To fill this gap, the authors develop a conceptualization and model of brand authenticity grounded in self‐determination theory, attribution theory, and extant authentic human brand research. Brand authenticity is defined asthe extent to which consumers perceive that a brand's managers are intrinsically motivated in that they are passionate about and devoted to providing their products. The model proposes four antecedents of brand authenticity—two related to rare brand behaviors (uniqueness and scarcity), and two related to stable brand behaviors (longevity and longitudinal consistency). It also proposes two perceptual outcomes of brand authenticity—expected quality and trust. Two 2 × 2 experiments (n= 136 for Study 1;n= 155 for Study 2) demonstrate a positive impact of the antecedents on brand authenticity and of brand authenticity on the outcomes. Brand authenticity mediates these effects.
Flavanol‐rich lychee fruit extract alleviates diet‐induced insulin resistance via suppressing mTOR/SREBP‐1 mediated lipogenesis in liver and restoring insulin signaling in skeletal muscle
Authors: Liu Hung‐Wen , Wei Chu‐Chun , Chen Yen‐Ju , Chen Yun‐An , Chang Sue‐Joan 
Published: May 2016

ScopeAn elevated intracellular lipid contents resulted from lipid oversupply links obesity to insulin resistance. Flavanol‐rich lychee fruit extract, oligonol, exhibited anti‐obesity property in vitro and in vivo; however, the effects of oligonol on peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity have not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that oligonol alleviated insulin resistance via decreasing intracellular lipid contents in peripheral tissues.Methods and resultsDietary oligonol supplementation (20 or 200 mg/kg bw) reduced glucose and insulin levels, improved oral glucose tolerance, and suppressed inflammatory markers, MCP‐1 and IL‐6, in High‐Fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Marked decreases in subcutaneous and visceral fat area, adipocyte size, and adipocyte released hormones including leptin and resistin by high‐dose oligonol treatment were associated with downregulation of PPARγ gene expression. Significantly reduced intrahepatocellular lipid contents and hepatic triglyceride levels by oligonol (both doses) were associated with downregulation of mTOR/SREBP‐1‐mediated de novo lipogenesis. In skeletal muscle, oligonol enhanced Sirtuin1 protein expression and AMPKα activation, consequently resulted in reductions of intramuscular lipid contents and triglyceride levels and restoration of IRS‐1 and AS160 phosphorylation.ConclusionOligonol reduced intracellular lipid contents in liver and skeletal muscle and suppressed inflammatory markers, thereby alleviating HFD‐induced insulin resistance.
Region of Origin: Settlement Decisions of Turkish and Iranian Immigrants in Sweden, 1968–2001
Authors: Aradhya Siddartha , Hedefalk Finn , Helgertz Jonas , Scott Kirk 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on the residential resettlement decisions of a sample of immigrants from Iran and Turkey living in Sweden between 1968 and 2001. Using the Swedish Longitudinal Immigrant database, we are able to link unique pre‐ and post‐migration data to understand whether region of origin is a better predictor of internal migration decisions than is country of origin, the more often used measure in existing research. More specifically, we test whether living in municipalities with a high number of individuals from the same country of origin is a similar phenomenon as a high number of individuals from the same region of origin. This is relevant, as large immigrant groups come from ethnically, religiously, and linguistically heterogeneous countries of origin where regional characteristics differ according to aforementioned aspects from that of the mainstream population. We indeed find that individuals are less likely to relocate from municipalities in which there is a large presence of other immigrants from the same region of origin. Instead, individuals residing in areas with a large number of individuals from their country of origin are observed with an elevated probability of resettlement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regeneration of Liver Function Capacity After Partial Liver Resection is Impaired in Case of Postoperative Bile Leakage
Authors: Bednarsch Jan , Blüthner Elisabeth , Malinowski Maciej , Seehofer Daniel , Pratschke Johann , Stockmann Martin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative bile leakage (PBL) is a major surgical complication after partial liver resection resulting in increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Previous experimental studies have shown an adverse effect on functional liver regeneration, but there are still no data available concerning these effects in humans.Materials and methodsA retrospective matched pair analysis was carried out comparing the postoperative course of 51 patients with PBL to 51 patients without PBL. The influence of PBL on actual liver function was determined by means of LiMAx, Indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG‐PDR), and standard liver function tests.ResultsThe analyzed groups were matched regarding demographic, preoperative, and operative data. Bilirubin, ICG‐PDR and LiMAx showed delayed postoperative functional recovery after partial liver resection in the PBL group compared to the non‐PBL group. LiMAx was the single parameter to assess differing liver regeneration continuously from the 3rd to 14th postoperative day between the groups. A subanalysis revealed an early recovery from impaired functional regeneration if the bile leakage was diagnosed until the 5th postoperative day (POD) or successfully treated until the 14th POD.ConclusionThese are the first data evaluating the impact of PBL on functional regeneration after liver surgery. Liver regeneration after partial liver resection is impaired by PBL. However, a nearly normal recovery is possible if the bile leak is diagnosed early and immediately treated. Moreover, patients presenting with delayed functional recovery in the postoperative course are likely to have complications, e.g., bile leakage.
Dietary Black Raspberry Seed Oil Ameliorates Inflammatory Activities in db/db Mice
Authors: Lee Hee Jae , Jung Hana , Cho Hyunnho , Lee Kiuk , Kwak Ho‐Kyung , Hwang Keum Taek 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the status of the markers related to inflammation in db/db mice fed black raspberry seed (BRS) oil, which is rich in α‐linolenic acid. Mice were divided into four groups: (1) C57BL/6 mice fed 16 % calories from soybean oil (normal CON); (2) C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice fed 16 % calories from soybean oil (CON); (3) C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice fed 8 % calories from soybean and 8 % calories from BRS oil (BRS 50 %); and (4) C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice fed 16 % calories from BRS oil (BRS 100 %). After 10 weeks, n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the livers and epididymal adipose tissues of the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % mice than in the CON. Serum TNFα and IL‐6 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. Serum IL‐10 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the BRS 100 % than the CON. In the liver and epididymal adipose tissue, mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory markers in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % were lower than in the CON. Anti‐inflammatory markers were higher in the epididymal adipose tissues of the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. In the epididymal adipose tissue, macrophage infiltration markers (F4/80 and CD68) and leptin mRNA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. Results of this study suggest that BRS oil may have anti‐inflammatory effects in obese diabetic mice by ameliorating inflammatory responses.
Peer emotion socialization and somatic complaints in adolescents
Authors: Parr Naomi J. , Zeman Janice , Braunstein Kara , Price Natalee 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSomatic symptoms tend to increase during early adolescence and although youth's social environments and emotional functioning play a role in somatic symptoms, few studies have examined mechanisms through which social interaction could influence youth's somatic wellbeing. Participants were 132 youth (61.6% girls, Mage = 12.61 years, 84.7% Caucasian) and their mothers. Reciprocated best‐friend dyads participated in a video‐taped problem discussion task to assess peer emotion socialization responses. Two supportive friend responses (i.e., emotion‐focused, problem‐focused) and two unsupportive responses (i.e., punitive, neglect) were examined. Mothers reported on their child's somatic complaints. Friends who provided emotion‐focused, problem‐focused, punitive, and neglect responses to their close friend's emotional disclosures had significantly fewer somatic symptoms. However, youth who received punitive responses to their emotional disclosures from their close friends had more somatic complaints. These findings provide initial evidence of a link between emotion socialization responses within close friendships and somatic complaints in early adolescence.
The generation of tonal noise from sawtooth trailing-edge serrations at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Moreau D. J. , Doolan C. J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe flow and noise created by sawtooth trailing-edge serrations has been studied experimentally at a low Reynolds number. Experiments have been performed on a flat-plate model with an elliptical leading edge and an asymmetrically bevelled trailing edge at Reynolds numbers of Rec = 1 × 105–1.3 × 105, based on chord. Wide serrations with a wavelength (λs) to amplitude (2h) ratio of λs/h = 0.6 were found to reduce the overall sound pressure level by up to 11dB. In contrast, narrower serrations with λs/h = 0.2 produce tonal noise and increase the overall noise level by up to 4dB. Intense vortices across the span of the trailing edge with narrow serrations are shown to be the source of tonal noise. Wide serrations reduce turbulent velocity fluctuations at low frequencies which explains the lower radiated noise. The narrow serrations that produce low Reynolds number tonal noise were shown previously to be effective at higher Reynolds numbers (Rec > 2 × 105), demonstrating that care is needed to fully understand the flow field over serrations for all intended operating conditions.
Design and flight test of active flutter suppression on the X-56A multi-utility technology test-bed aircraft
Authors: Burnett E. L. , Beranek J. A. , Holm-Hansen B. T. , Atkinson C. J. , Flick P. M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTEfforts to develop the next generation of aircraft with ever-increasing levels of performance – higher, farther, faster, cheaper – face great technical challenges. One of these technical challenges is to reduce structural weight of the aircraft. Another is to look to aircraft configurations that have been unrealizable to date. Both of these paths can lead to a rigid flex coupling phenomenon that can result in anything from poor flying qualities to the loss of an aircraft due to flutter. This has led to a need to develop an integrated flight and aeroelastic control capability where structural dynamics are included in the synthesis of flight control laws. Studies have indicated that the application of an integrated flight and aeroelastic control approach to a SensorCraft high-altitude long-endurance vehicle would provide substantial performance improvement(1,2). Better flying qualities and an expanded flight envelope through multi-flutter mode control are two areas of improvement afforded by integrated flight and aeroelastic control. By itself, multi-flutter mode control transforms the flutter barrier from a point of catastrophic structural failure to a benign region of flight. This paper discusses the history and issues associated with the development of such an integrated flight and aeroelastic control system for the X-56A aircraft.
KEEPING YOUR HEAD DOWN: PUBLIC PROFILES AND PROMOTION UNDER AUTOCRACY
Authors: Gueorguiev Dimitar D. , Schuler Paul J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDuring recent party congresses in China and Vietnam, two highly anticipated candidates for promotion were sidelined. In China, Bo Xilai was arrested for corruption and stripped of his party membership. In Vietnam, Nguyen Ba Thanh remained a provincial leader with little opportunity for promotion to the Politburo. Existing arguments about promotions under authoritarian rule are unable to explain these outcomes. In particular, both candidates were competent and well connected. This cuts contrary to the expectations of both performance-based promotion and factional promotion theories. We argue that these candidates were sidelined due to a previously under-theorized factor in promotion contests—their ability to mobilize personal followings. Amidst a literature that has focused almost exclusively on intra-elite conflict, we argue that elite–mass linkages are critical. In particular, the public profile of top leaders is important for regime legitimacy and mobilization. However, when individuals become exceptionally well known they become threats to the single-party system. We test this argument on promotions in China's 18th Party Congress in 2012 and Vietnam's 11th Party Congress in 2011, using original data on Internet search queries and media coverage among contenders for promotion. Our approach offers new insights into the strategies authoritarian politicians use to stay afloat as well as the mistakes that sink them when competing for power under one-party rule.
MOVING BEYOND FACTIONS: USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS TO UNCOVER PATRONAGE NETWORKS AMONG CHINESE ELITES
Authors: Keller Franziska Barbara 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInformal connections play an important role in regimes all across the world, but among China's political elite, it is particularly factional affiliation that is said to structure contention over who will rule and who will fall victim to a purge. This article identifies two approaches to measuring factional ties in the literature: theexploratoryapproach traces alliance ties through qualitative assessment of insider sources, while thestructuredapproach uses publicly available data to infer factions from shared characteristics. The article combines the two by arguing that informal politics is better conceptualized as a process of alliance formation shaped by an underlying social (network) structure. Among the structured approaches, coworker networks best capture the latter, but this can be further refined by noting the number of instances of working together, or by taking into account promotions that have occurred while the two individuals were coworkers.
TERM LIMITS AND AUTHORITARIAN POWER SHARING: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: Ma Xiao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTerm limits that effectively govern leadership transition play an important role in authoritarian power sharing. A fixed term and a pre-appointed successor – two crucial components of term limits – credibly commit the incumbent ruler to share power with other elites, and also allow the elites to monitor and coordinate against the ruler's transgression of the power-sharing agreement. While the successful adoption of term limits often requires an even balance of power among the ruling elites in the first place, once adopted it initiates an evolving bargain over allocation of political power among multiple generations of leaders that further keeps any one faction from dominating the others. I corroborate this argument using a biographical dataset of elite members of the Chinese Communist Party from 1982 to 2012. The findings suggest that the Party's incumbent leaders and their rivals (i.e., predecessor and heir-apparent) shared equal chances in promoting their associates—which proxy their political influence—and this pattern has become more salient since the 16th party congress, when the term limits that currently govern China's leadership transition became fully fledged. This result also sheds light on the role of informal, patronage-based promotion in the institutionalization of authoritarian politics.
Nonlinear wakes behind a row of elongated roughness elements
Authors: Goldstein M. E. , Sescu Adrian , Duck Peter W. , Choudhari Meelan 
Published: May 2016

This paper is concerned with the high Reynolds number flow over a spanwise-periodic array of roughness elements with interelement spacing of the order of the local boundary-layer thickness. While earlier work by Goldstein et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 644, 2010, pp. 123–163) and Goldstein et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 668, 2011, pp. 236–266) was mainly concerned with smaller roughness heights that produced relatively weak distortions of the downstream flow, the focus here is on extending the analysis to larger roughness heights and streamwise elongated planform shapes that together produce a qualitatively different, nonlinear behaviour of the downstream wakes. The roughness scale flow now has a novel triple-deck structure that is somewhat different from related studies that have previously appeared in the literature. The resulting flow is formally nonlinear in the intermediate wake region, where the streamwise distance is large compared to the roughness dimensions but small compared to the downstream distance from the leading edge, as well as in the far wake region where the streamwise length scale is of the order of the downstream distance from the leading edge. In contrast, the flow perturbations in both of these wake regions were strictly linear in the earlier work by Goldstein et al. (2010, 2011). This is an important difference because the nonlinear wake flow in the present case provides an appropriate basic state for studying the secondary instability and eventual breakdown into turbulence.