bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engel curve, farmer welfare and food consumption in 40 years of rural China
Authors: Yu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical background, methodological extensions, and empirical applications of the Engel curve, which is applied to the research of the change in farmers’ welfare and food demand in China after the economic reform in 1978, compared with the statistics of income and food consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper mainly uses the traditional method of Engel curve, which is compared with income growth and food consumption, to study farmers’ welfare improvement in rural China.

Findings
The Engel coefficients identify three different stages for farmers’ welfare change after 1978. The first stage is the period between 1978 and 1988, in which farmers’ welfare has been continuously enhanced due to the institutional bonus of the 1978 economic reform and increased government purchase price of agricultural products. The second stage is the period between 1989 and 1995, in which farmers’ welfare has been slightly deteriorated mainly due to the end of institutional reform bonus, suppressed food prices, relative high inflation, and instable political situation. The third stage is the period after 1995, in which farmers’ welfare returns to a growing path, as the dual price system was abolished, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy had been completed, and the government carried out protective policies for agriculture and started to heavily subsidize agriculture. The Engel coefficient still remained at a very high level at 0.59 in 1995, but it continuously decreased to 0.33 in 2015. The welfare enhancement for farmers mainly results from deepened market-oriented reform, protective policies for agriculture, and prevalent off-farm employment. The Engel coefficient is also linked to food demand elasticities. Along with the decreasing Engel coefficient in the past 40 years, income elasticities also continuously decrease from 0.55 in 1978 to 0.08 in 2015. Food demand is very inelastic now, and any further increase in income will not substantially increase food demand any more.

Research limitations/implications
Inequality has not been analyzed.

Originality/value
This paper reviews the methodological advantages of the Engel curves, and uses it to identify different stages of welfare change and estimate income elasticities of food demand for farmers in China after the 1978 economic reform.
Estimation of market equilibrium values for apple attributes
Authors: Choi Jong Woo , Yue Chengyan , Luby James , Zhao Shuoli , Gallardo Karina , McCracken Vicki , McFerson Jim 
Published: December 2017

PurposeDevelopment of new cultivars requires extensive genetic knowledge, trained personnel, and significant financial resources, so it is crucial for breeders to focus on the attributes most preferred by the key supply chain stakeholders such as consumers and producers. The purpose of this paper is to identify which attributes generate the highest total revenue or social surplus, information that breeders can take into account as they allocate resources to focus on attributes in their breeding programs.Design/methodology/approachThis study used mail-in and online surveys to collect consumer and producer choice experiment data, and then employed mixed logit models to analyze and simulate individual producer and consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for the apple attributes.FindingsBased on the simulation results, this study derived the supply and demand curves and the market equilibrium prices and quantities for each apple attribute. Based on the WTP analysis for both consumer and producer, this paper found the highest equilibrium price and welfare for apples come from crispness, followed by flavor.Originality/valueThe authors propose a framework to estimate the equilibrium prices and quantities of a product based on the results of choice experiments. The framework can be easily adapted to understand any countries’ producer and consumer preferences for certain products.
Evaluating an optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system with innovative custom rules
Authors: Shi Hui , Chong Dazhi , Yan Gongjun 
Published: December 2017

PurposeSemantic Web is an extension of the World Wide Web by tagging content with “meaning”. In general, question answering systems based on semantic Web face a number of difficult issues. This paper aims to design an experimental environment with custom rules and scalable data sets and evaluate the performance of a proposed optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system. This study also compares the experimental results with other ontology reasoning systems to show the performance and scalability of this ontology reasoning system.Design/methodology/approachThe authors proposed a semantic question answering system. This system has been built using ontological knowledge base including optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system and custom rules. With custom rules, the proposed semantic question answering system will be able to answer questions that contain qualitative descriptors such as “groundbreaking” resesarch and “tenurable at university x”. Scalability has been one of the difficult issues faced by an optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system and semantic question answering system. To evaluate the proposed ontology reasoning system, first, the authors design a number of innovative custom rule sets and corresponding query sets. The innovative custom rule sets and query sets will contribute to the future research on evaluating ontology reasoning systems as well. Then they design an experimental environment including ontologies and scalable data sets and metrics. Furthermore, they evaluate the performance of the proposed optimized backward chaining reasoning system on supporting custom rules. The evaluation results have been compared with other ontology reasoning systems as well.FindingsThe proposed innovative custom rules and query sets can be effectively employed for evaluating ontology reasoning systems. The evaluation results show that the scalability of the proposed backward chaining ontology reasoning system is better than in-memory reasoning systems. The proposed semantic question answering system can be integrated in sematic Web applications to solve scalability issues. For light weight applications, such as mobile applications, in-memory reasoning systems will be a better choice.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need for a study on evaluating an ontology reasoning system on supporting custom rules with and without external storage.
Consumer preferences for wine attributes in an emerging market
Authors: Mehta Ritu , Bhanja Nivedita 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The growing wine market in India presents a tremendous opportunity for marketers to formulate a strategy targeted at the Indian consumers. The purpose of this paper is to identify the attributes that are important for young wine drinkers in their selection of wine, the preferred option within the identified attributes and the relative importance consumers place on the identified attributes.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were carried out to identify the attributes of primary importance in the wine selection process. Subsequently, conjoint analysis was conducted on the data collected through a survey of 252 respondents which ranked purchase intention of profiles derived from an orthogonal design.

Findings
In-depth interviews revealed five factors as important in the choice of wine, namely, price, brand, taste, origin and type of the wine. The results of conjoint analysis showed price as the most important factor, followed by the type of the wine. Red was the most preferred type. Brand, taste and origin follow up in that order of importance with millennials preferring to buy familiar brands, sweet wines and of Indian origin.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the wine consumer behaviour research by identifying the attributes that are important for marketing of wine to the large segment of Indian millennial consumers. The findings will help marketers to better position their wines in the Indian market. The study will also aid in the development of product, branding and pricing decisions.
Lifers over tariff: exploring psychological barriers to progression
Authors: Gray Lorna Anne 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
There are a significant number of life-sentenced prisoners in Scotland who are over tariff (i.e. past their punishment part expiry date) and who appear to have difficulty in making the transition towards community reintegration. The factors involved in their repeated returns to closed conditions are not adequately understood. The purpose of this paper is to explore this issue using a qualitative approach in order to understand the experience of life-sentenced prisoners in this position, and the psychological barriers that compromise their progression to less secure conditions and the community.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted with eight life-sentenced prisoners who met the criteria for the research. All were significantly over tariff and all had multiple failed attempts at progression to less secure conditions. Interviews were recorded and transcripts were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis.

Findings
The analysis produced three identifiable supraordinate themes, each with subordinate themes. The supraordinate themes included: shaming self-identify, perception of the community as daunting, and disempowerment. The ability to generalise the findings outwith the participants of this study are acknowledged.

Practical implications
This has provided further understanding as to the complexity of the issue, and the ways in which it manifests into behaviour. Initial (albeit tentative) recommendations for intervention and service provision can therefore be identified.

Originality/value
The results are discussed against the implications for service provision in Scottish prisons, and identify the areas for further research that will help to inform the forensic practices in this context.
“This class is not for you”
Authors: Jones Sally , Warhuus Jan P. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the social construction of gendered subjects in entrepreneurship education (EEd), through the analysis of course descriptions. For this purpose, the analytical constructs of the Fictive Student and the Fictive Entrepreneur are developed.Design/methodology/approachThrough analysis of 86 course descriptions from 81 universities in 21 countries, this study examines the degree to which course descriptions use gendered language, how such language constructs gendered subjects, and the resultant implications.FindingsThis paper finds that course descriptions are predominantly, but not exclusively, masculine in their language. More importantly, the distribution of feminine and masculine language is uneven across course descriptions. Context variables such as regional or national culture differences do not explain this distribution. Instead, the phenomenon is explained by course content/type; whereby practice-based entrepreneurship courses are highly masculine, compared to traditional academic courses, where students learn about entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon.Practical implicationsUniversities and educators have not taken into account recent research about the real and possible negative consequences of positioning entrepreneurship in a stereotypical, masculinized fashion. This may offer an inexpensive opportunity to improve recruitment and description accuracy.Originality/valueThe paper’s contribution is fourfold. First, it contributes to debates on the gendering of entrepreneurship by extending these into EEd. Second, it extends Sarasvathy’s (2004) concern with barriers to, rather than incentives for, entrepreneurship to include EEd. Third, it contributes to the emerging literature on entrepreneurship as practice, by highlighting the masculization of EEd, as it gets closer to practice and the role of language in this. Finally, it highlights the gendered implications of English medium courses.
Incorporating technical analysis in undergraduate curricula
Authors: Melton Michael R. , Nguyen Xuan (Susan) , Simeone Michael 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce instruction of technical analysis on the undergraduate level that can coincide with traditional teachings of fundamental analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
Through examples using the latest in security analysis technology, this paper illustrates the importance of technical security analysis.

Findings
This research illustrates how technical analysis techniques may be used to make more significant investment decisions.

Originality value
Kirkpatrick and Dahlquist define technical analysis as a security analysis discipline for forecasting future direction of prices through the study of past market data primarily price and volume This form of analysis has stood in direct contrast to the fundamental analysis approach whereby actual facts of the company its industry and sector may be ignored. Understanding this contrast, much of academia has chosen to continue to focus its finance curricula on fundamental analysis techniques. As more universities implement trading rooms to reflect that of industry, they must recognize that any large brokerage trading group or financial institution will typically have both a technical analysis and fundamental analysis team. Thus, the need to incorporate technical analysis into undergraduate finance curricula.
Investments in power generation in Great Britain c.1960-2010
Authors: Warren Liz , Quinn Martin , Kristandl Gerhard 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the increasing role of financialisation on investment decisions in the power generation industry in Great Britain (GB). Such decisions affect society, and the relative role of financialisation in these macro-levels decisions has not been explored from a historical perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on historical material and interview data. Specifically, we use an approach inspired by institutional sociology drawing on elements of Scott’s (2014) pillars of institutions. Applying concepts stemming from regulative and normative pressures, we explore changes in investments over the analysis period to determine forces which institutionalised practices – such as accounting – into investment in power generation.FindingsInvestments in electricity generation have different levels of public and private participation. However, the common logics that underpin such investment practices provide an important understanding of political-economics and institutional change in the UK. Thus, the heightened use of accounting in investment has been, to some extent, a contributory factor to the power supply problems now faced by the British public.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to prior literature on the effects of financialisation on society, adding power generation/energy supply to the many societal level issues already explored. It also provides brief but unique insights into the changing nature of the role of accounting in an industry sector over an extended timeframe.
Social entrepreneurship through digital communication in farming
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Despite the interest in non-profit and sustainable ways of connecting farms to society, less is known about how to conduct this through digital technology and communication. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to discuss how to connect farms to society through digital technology and communication.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews of 15 Australian farmers were conducted in order to understand their perceptions of how to engage in digital forms of social entrepreneurship and thematic analysis techniques were utilized to understand the content from the interview transcripts.

Findings
The findings suggest that digital social farm entrepreneurship can be categorized into social bricoleurs, social constructionists and social engineers.

Research limitations/implications
This typology helps to understand the contextual role farm entrepreneurs play in rural economies and their place in global societies.

Practical implications
Many Australian farms are in remote locations far from urban centers, which makes digital forms of social entrepreneurship an important way that farmers can promote social entrepreneurial ventures.

Originality/value
This paper highlights how there has been a growing interest in developing social entrepreneurship in Australian farms due to their connection with rural communities and environments.
Brief Exposures to the Taste of Ethanol (EtOH) and Quinine Promote Subsequent Acceptance of EtOH in a Paradigm that Minimizes Postingestive Consequences
Authors: Loney Gregory C. , Meyer Paul J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundAversion to the orosensory properties of concentrated ethanol (EtOH) solutions is often cited as a primary barrier to initiation of drinking and may contribute to abstention. These aversive properties include gustatory processes which encompass both bitter‐like taste qualities and trigeminal‐mediated irritation. Chronic intermittent EtOH access (CIA) results in substantial and persistent increases in EtOH consumption, but the degree to which this facilitation involves sensory responding to EtOH and other bitter stimuli is currently undetermined.MethodsLong‐Evans rats were given brief‐access licking tests designed to examine the immediate, taste‐guided assessment of the palatability of EtOH and quinine solutions. Rats were assessed once in a naïve state and again following previous brief‐access exposure, or following 4 weeks of CIA. The relationship between the sensitivity to the aversive orosensory properties of EtOH and quinine following EtOH access and the impact of antecedent quinine exposure on the acceptance of EtOH were determined in 2 parallel studies.ResultsBoth brief access to EtOH and 4‐week CIA resulted in substantial rightward shifts in the concentration–response function of brief‐access EtOH licking, indicating that EtOH exposure increased acceptance of the taste of EtOH. The initial sensitivity to the aversive orosensory properties of EtOH and quinine was positively correlated in naïve rats, such that rats that were initially more accepting of quinine were also more accepting of EtOH. Rats that sampled quinine immediately prior to tasting EtOH exhibited successive positive contrast in that they were more accepting of highly concentrated EtOH, relative to a water‐control group.ConclusionsIncreased EtOH acceptance following exposure is, at least in part, facilitated by a decrease in its aversive sensory properties. Both long‐ and short‐term access increase the palatability of the taste of EtOH in brief‐access licking tests. Moreover, the sensitivity to the bitterness of quinine was predictive of acceptance of EtOH indicating some commonality in the sensory mechanisms that mediate the initial acceptance of the 2 stimuli. Accordingly, immediate prior exposure to quinine results in increased acceptance of EtOH, suggesting that successive positive contrast between oral stimuli may contribute to increased alcohol consumption.
Seizing opportunities to diversify conservation
Authors: Gould Rachelle K. , Phukan Indira , Mendoza Mary E. , Ardoin Nicole M. , Panikkar Bindu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article identifies, and offers several ways to address, a serious, persistent issue in conservation: low levels of diversity in thought and action. We first describe the lack of diversity and highlight the continued separation of the environmental conservation and environmental justice movements. We then offer—based on previous research and our collective experience—two suggestions for how to increase inclusivity (a step farther than increasing diversity) in holistic ways. We suggest that embracing narrative, including historical narrative that can be profound and painful, may be essential to addressing this deeply rooted issue. We also suggest the need to redefine “environment” to more closely align with the diversity of perspectives that different people and disciplines bring to the topic. We support our suggestions with selected data from empirical research and provide examples of initiatives that embody them.
Axially‐confined in vivo single‐cell labeling by primed conversion using blue and red lasers with conventional confocal microscopes
Authors: Taniguchi Atsushi , Kimura Yukiko , Mori Ikue , Nonaka Shigenori , Higashijima Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2017

Green‐to‐red photoconvertible fluorescent proteins have been found to undergo efficient photoconversion by a new method termed primed conversion that uses dual wave‐length illumination with blue and red/near‐infrared light. By modifying a confocal laser‐scanning microscope (CLSM) such that two laser beams only meet at the focal plane, confined photoconversion at the axial dimension has been achieved. The necessity of this custom modification to the CLSM, however, has precluded the wide‐spread use of this method. Here, we investigated whether spatially‐restricted primed conversion could be achieved with CLSM without any hardware modification. We found that the primed conversion of Dendra2 using a conventional CLSM with two visible lasers (473 nm and 635 nm) and a high NA objective lens (NA, 1.30) resulted in dramatic restriction of photoconversion volume: half‐width half‐maximum for the axial dimension was below 5 μm, which is comparable to the outcome of the original method that used the microscope modification. As a proof of this method's effectiveness, we used this technique in living zebrafish embryos and succeeded in revealing the complex anatomy of individual neurons packed between neighboring cells. Because unmodified CLSMs are widely available, this method can be widely applicable for labeling cells with single‐cell resolution.
Unintentional exposure to terrestrial pesticides drives widespread and predictable evolution of resistance in freshwater crustaceans
Authors: Major Kaley M. , Weston Donald P. , Lydy Michael J. , Wellborn Gary A. , Poynton Helen C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPesticide runoff from terrestrial environments into waterways is often lethal to freshwater organisms, but exposure may also drive evolution of pesticide resistance. We analyzed the degree of resistance and molecular genetic changes underlying resistance in Hyalella azteca, a species complex of freshwater crustaceans inadvertently exposed to pesticide pollution via runoff. We surveyed 16 waterways encompassing most major watersheds throughout California and found that land use patterns are predictive of both pyrethroid presence in aquatic sediments and pyrethroid resistance in H. azteca. Nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions in the voltage‐gated sodium channel including the M918L, L925I, or L925V confer resistance in H. azteca. The most frequently identified mutation, L925I, appears to be preferred within the species complex. The L925V substitution has been associated with pyrethroid resistance in another insect, but is novel in H. azteca. We documented a variety of pyrethroid resistance mutations across several species groups within this complex, indicating that pyrethroid resistance has independently arisen in H. azteca at least six separate times. Further, the high frequency of resistance alleles indicates that pesticide‐mediated selection on H. azteca populations in waterways equals or exceeds that of targeted terrestrial pests. Widespread resistance throughout California suggests current practices to mitigate off‐site movement of pyrethroids are inadequate to protect aquatic life from negative ecological impacts and implies the likelihood of similar findings globally.