bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dark matter on the spontaneous scalarization in neutron stars
Authors: Rahimi Fahimeh , Rezaei Zeinab 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDark matter, an important portion of compact objects, can influence different phenomena in neutron stars. The spontaneous scalarization in the scalar-tensor gravity has been proposed for neutron stars. Here, we investigate the spontaneous scalarization in dark matter admixed neutron stars. Applying the dark matter equations of state, we calculate the structure of scalarized neutron stars containing dark matter. The dark matter equations of state are based on observational data from the rotational curves of galaxies and the fermionic self-interacting dark matter. Our results verify that the spontaneous scalarization is affected by the dark matter pressure in neutron stars. Depending on the central density of scalarized dark matter admixed neutron stars, the dark matter pressure alters the central scalar field. The increase of dark matter pressure in low-density scalarized stars amplifies the central scalar field. However, the pressure of dark matter in high-density scalarized stars suppresses the central scalar field. Our calculations confirm that the stars in the merger event GW170817 and in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 can be scalarized dark matter admixed neutron stars.
MgO and ZnO nanofluids passive cooling effects on the electricity production of photovoltaic panels: a comparative study
Authors: Abdulhamid Muhammad Ibrahim , Aboul-Enein Saad , Ibrahim Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOverheating of solar panels stands as a pivotal factor that impacts their conversion efficiency. Therefore, implementing cooling for solar panels is a key strategy to enhance the electrical output; due to regulating their thermal properties. This study is set out to examine, experimentally, the back-passive cooling impact of MgO and ZnO water-based nanofluids at volume concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05% on the thermal and electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon solar panels, compared with not cooled and water-cooled panels at the same time and under the same weather conditions. The system design is cost-effective and facilitates the direct contact between the cooling fluids and the photovoltaic system. The experimental results demonstrate that the application of MgO nanofluid introduces more improvement compared to the ZnO nanofluid and conventional water cooling. The electrical efficiency enhancement attains its maximum at a volume concentration of 0.05% with 20.90% and 21.65% for MgO and ZnO nanofluids, respectively, over the non-cooled panel. Simultaneously, at this concentration, the temperature reduction achieved by MgO nanofluid is 20.72%, surpassing the 15.80% reduction achieved by the ZnO nanofluid in comparison with the reference panel.
Subsampling Suffices for Adaptive Data Analysis
Authors: Blanc Guy 
Published: October 2024

Ensuring that analyses performed on a dataset are representative of the entire population is one of the central problems in statistics. Most classical techniques assume that the dataset is independent of the analyst’s query and break down in the common setting where a dataset is reused for multiple, adaptively chosen, queries. This problem of
adaptive data analysis
was formalized in the seminal works of Dwork et al. (STOC 2015) and Hardt and Ullman (FOCS 2014).

We identify a remarkably simple set of assumptions under which the queries will continue to be representative even when chosen adaptively: the only requirements are that each query takes as input a random subsample and outputs few bits. This result shows that the noise inherent in subsampling is sufficient to guarantee that query responses generalize. The simplicity of this subsampling-based framework allows it to model a variety of real-world scenarios not covered by prior work.
In addition to its simplicity, we demonstrate the utility of this framework by designing mechanisms for two foundational tasks: statistical queries and median finding. In particular, our mechanism for answering the broadly applicable class of statistical queries is both extremely simple and state of the art in many parameter regimes.
The Next Frontier for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Blood-Based Tests
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Russo Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Detection of early colorectal cancer is possible through approved screening tests but overall adherence is quite low. Implementation of effective noninvasive options could increase screening uptake and prevent a significant number of deaths. Noninvasive early cancer detection can potentially be achieved using a liquid biopsy. In this issue of Cancer Research, Cao and colleagues report on a novel multidimensional fragmentomics assay, named FRAGTECT, for colorectal cancer detection in circulating cell-free DNA with promising results.See related article by Cao et al., p. 3286
Remembering Hypoxia: Uncovering the Long-Term Effects of Transient Oxygen Deprivation on IFN Signaling and Progression of Breast Cancer
Authors: Purdy Stephen Connor , Ford Heide L. 
Published: October 2024

Hypoxia occurs in 50-60% of solid tumors and is strongly associated with an increased propensity for metastasis. Hypoxia induces tumor progression largely through inducing HIF-mediated transcription, resulting in alterations to tumor cell metabolism, as well as increases in migration and invasion. Hypoxia also results in a myriad of changes to the tumor microenvironment (TME). While many studies have examined the immediate effects of hypoxia on tumor cells and the associated TME, far fewer have focused on the long-term consequences of transient reductions in oxygen. In this issue of Cancer Research, Iriondo and colleagues examined whether short-term exposure to hypoxia leads to a “hypoxic memory” in the context of breast cancer. The authors used established cell lines and circulating tumor cell lines to demonstrate that these cells harbor a hypoxic memory that sustains downregulation of IFN signaling and antigen presentation (AP) pathways that contribute to tumor progression via alterations to tumor cells and the TME. The authors further showed that cells that have experienced hypoxia maintain the reduction in IFN signaling in vivo and are more aggressive. They determined that the hypoxic memory and reduction of IFN signaling can be reversed with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat, providing a potential means to reverse hypoxia-induced suppression of IFN signaling. As suppression of IFN signaling has the potential to influence both tumor cells and the TME, the identification of a strategy to inhibit long-term suppression of IFN signaling downstream of hypoxia could prove to be an effective means to target tumor progression.
See related article by Iriondo et al., p. 3141
Phase 2 Trial of Regorafenib in Recurrent/Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Desilets Antoine , Vos Joris L. , Katabi Nora , Kuo Fengshen , Nadeem Zaineb , Linxweiler Maximilian , Ostrovnaya Irina , Baxi Shrujal , Dunn Lara A. , Sherman Eric J. , Pfister David G. , Morris Luc G.T. , Ho Alan L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
There is a significant need for effective therapies to treat recurrent/metastatic (R/M) adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). This study evaluated the multitargeted VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) regorafenib in patients with R/M ACC.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with progressive R/M ACC were treated with regorafenib until disease progression, consent withdrawal, or excessive toxicity. The co-primary endpoints were best overall response and 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Genomic and transcriptomic biomarker analyses were performed in tumors from trial participants.

Results:
Thirty-eight patients were enrolled, including 7 (18%) patients with prior VEGFR TKIs. No objective responses were observed. The 6-month PFS was 45%, and the median PFS was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval, 5.2–11.9 months). The presence of either activating NOTCH1 (22%) or KDM6A alterations (24%) was associated with decreased PFS [HR 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–6.1; P = 0.03]. Bulk RNA sequencing of pretreatment tumors revealed that regorafenib clinical benefit (CB; PFS ≥ 6 months; n = 11) was associated with the native enrichment of immune-related signatures. Immune deconvolution revealed a greater degree of macrophage and T-cell infiltration in CB tumors. Tumors from patients with no clinical benefit (NCB; PFS &lt; 6 months; n = 9) had greater expression of signatures related to cell-cycle progression (E2F targets, G2–M checkpoint).

Conclusions:
The trial failed to meet the prespecified 6-month PFS and best overall response targets. We hypothesize that TKI efficacy may be reliant upon an interplay between kinase inhibition and the ACC immune microenvironment, whereas programs promoting cell-cycle progression may contribute to TKI resistance. These observations suggest that trials evaluating CDK4/6 inhibition plus a VEGFR TKI should be considered.
Safety, Efficacy, and Biomarker Analysis of Crizotinib in MET-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Results from the Drug Rediscovery Protocol
Authors: Verkerk Karlijn , van der Wel Tijmen J.W.T. , Zeverijn Laurien J. , Geurts Birgit S. , Spiekman Ilse A.C. , de Wit Gijs F. , Roepman Paul , Jansen Anne M.L. , van der Noort Vincent , Smit Egbert F. , Hoeben Ann , Hendriks Lizza E.L. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Piet Berber , Herder Gerarda J.M. , Hashemi Sayed M.S. , Gelderblom Hans , Verheul Henk M.W. , Voest Emile E. , de Langen Adrianus J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To provide patients with MET-mutated advanced non–small cell lung cancer (METmut aNSCLC) access to crizotinib, further substantiate evidence of its efficacy and safety in this setting, and find potential biomarkers for nonresponse.

Patients and Methods:
In the Drug Rediscovery Protocol (NCT0295234), patients with an actionable molecular profile are treated with off-label registered drugs. Both treated and untreated patients with aNSCLC harboring MET exon 14 skipping or other MET mutations received crizotinib 250 mg BID until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Primary endpoints were clinical benefit [CB: RECIST v1.1 confirmed partial response, complete response (CR), or stable disease ≥16 weeks] and safety. Patients were enrolled using a Simon-like two-stage design, with eight patients in stage I and if ≥1/8 patients had CB, 24 patients in stage II. Whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on baseline biopsies.

Results:
Between September 2018 and October 2022, 30 patients started treatment, and 24 were response-evaluable after completing ≥1 full treatment cycle. Two patients (8.3%) achieved CR, 13 (54.2%) partial response, and two (8.3%) stable disease. The CB rate was 70.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 48.9–87.4], and the objective response rate was 62.5% (95% CI, 40.6–81.2). After 21.2-month median follow-up, median duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 9.3 (95% CI, 6.5–not available), 10.2 (95% CI, 6.0–20.1), and 13.0 months (95% CI, 9.0–not available), respectively. Twenty-three treatment-related grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurred in 12/30 patients (40%), causing treatment discontinuation in three (10%). One patient (achieving CR) had a tyrosine kinase domain mutation (p.H1094Y), and all other patients had MET exon 14 skipping mutations.

Conclusions:
Crizotinib is a valuable treatment option in METmut aNSCLC.
The Ethiopian State, Foreign Policy and Participation in International Peacekeeping: Continuities and Changes
Authors: Belay Yeshiwas Degu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the continuities and changes in Ethiopian peacekeeping practices since its inception in the early 1950s to the present. It focuses on how international operations have interacted with historical, structural and ideational factors to shape Ethiopia’s involvement. Drawing on archival sources, policy papers, and media material as well as interviews with officials in Ethiopia, it singles out four distinct periods that have influenced Ethiopia’s participation in peacekeeping mission. It shows that all were characterised by the interplay between geopolitical factors, regional developments in Africa and domestic political changes. By identifying the major shifts in Ethiopia’s foreign policy orientation and involvement in peacekeeping, the article seeks to explain the rise of Ethiopia as a major actor in international peacekeeping since the early 2000s. It concludes by highlighting uncertainties facing Ethiopian peacekeeping due to regional complexities and political constraints resulting from internal conflicts.
Improving the Safety of UN Peacekeepers through Data-Driven Training
Authors: Garinther Alexander , Meehan Nathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Peace operations personnel are often targeted while on mission by armed groups and individual actors seeking to cause harm. This paper outlines recent events driving force-protection concerns, analyzes trends in peacekeeper fatalities, and proposes steps for improving force-protection research and training in the future. Among our recommendations are continued efforts to monitor and evaluate the experiences of peacekeeping personnel, including but not limited to violent incidents on mission that result in fatalities to peacekeepers or civilians. With that, broadening access to anonymized incident data from the field would facilitate both research and training teams and ultimately allow troop contributing countries (tcc s) to better target the specific needs of their deployed units. Our recommendations are built upon a decade of experience providing pre-deployment force protection training to tcc s through the Identifying Threats in Peacekeeping Environments program. The best way to help personnel stay safe on mission is through an understanding of current trends in the field; improving access to incident data would dramatically help stakeholders understand the points of impact for peacekeeper safety so they can ultimately help deployed personnel stay safe.
Psychometric Properties of the Brief COPE Among Sexual Minority Adults
Authors: Solberg Marvin A. , Shukla Meghna 
Published: October 2024

Background: The Brief COPE is a widely used coping instrument, but there is a paucity of research regarding its ability to measure coping among sexual minority (SM) persons. Objective: This study determined the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE and identified coping domains among a sample of SM individuals. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 530 SM persons in the United States. Participants completed the dispositional version of the Brief COPE. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) determined construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha examined the reliability of resulting domains. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was employed to identify coping domains and criterion-related validity was assessed by examining the relationship of the domains with substance use measures (alcohol, cannabis, and drug use). Results: CFA replicated the original 14-factor structure. ESEM identified 3 second-order domains with acceptable fit (chi-square [χ2] = 905.81; degrees of freedom [d f] = 334, P < .001; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.90; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; 90% confidence interval = 0.05-0.06; and standardized root mean residual = 0.08). The 3 second-order domains demonstrated good reliability: adaptive (ω = 0.84), support (ω = 0.85), and disengaged coping (ω = 0.84). Disengaged coping exhibited the strongest correlations with substance use outcomes. Conclusions: Findings provide evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Brief COPE and validates its use with SM persons.
Hindi Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M): A Cross-Sectional Study from the Metabolic Surgery Clinic in North India
Authors: Rina Kumari , Bhoi Rosali , Vindal Anubhav , Lal Pawanindra 
Published: October 2024

Background: The lack of culturally-sensitive tool masks the epidemiology of weight-bias and internalized-stigma. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Modified Weight-Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) into Hindi. Methods: The translation and adaptation process followed the World Health Organization guidelines. Three psychiatrists translated the original WBIS-M into Hindi. The bilingual panel comprised four psychiatrists, two laparoscopic bariatric surgeons, a professor of English, and an individual with severe obesity (with an International English Language Testing System (IELTS) score of Band 8.5) who was familiar with Western culture. The panel identified and resolved inadequate expressions of translations or discrepancies. An independent translator, whose mother tongue was English, back-translated it into the English language. Focused group discussions with individuals with severe obesity were conducted. The final H-WBIS-M was administered to undergraduates ( n = 120) after seven days. Test–retest reliability was assessed. The original WBIS-M, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Screen, and Fat Phobia Scale-Short Form were administered to 120 undergraduates and 55 individuals with severe obesity ( n = 175)]. Reliability and validity of H-WBIS-M were analyzed. Results: Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.788, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was χ2 = 1381.892, p = 0.000. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three components. Spearman-Brown coefficient for H-WBIS-M was 0.875. The internal consistency was α = 0.875 ( p = 0.000), intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.812–0.893) ( p = 0.000), and Pearson correlation ranged from 0.869 to 0.989 ( p = 0.000). Cross-language concordance revealed a significant intraclass correlation coefficient (0.877–0.986) ( p = 0.000) and Pearson correlation ranging from 0.781 to 0.972 ( p = 0.000). Conclusions: The H-WBIS-M demonstrated good psychometric properties based on standard testing procedures.
Machine learning models based on CT radiomics features for distinguishing benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures in patients with malignant tumors
Authors: Wan Yuan , Miao Lei , Zhang HuanHuan , Wang YanMei , Li Xiao , Li Meng , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2024

Background Radiomics has become an important tool for distinguishing benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). It is more clinically significant to concentrate on patients who have malignant tumors and differentiate between benign and malignant VCFs. Purpose To explore the value of multiple machine learning (ML) models based on CT radiomics features for differentiating benign and malignant VCFs in patients with malignant tumors. Material and Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 78 patients with malignant tumors accompanied by VCFs, 45 patients with benign VCFs, and 33 patients with malignant VCFs. A total of 140 lesions (86 benign lesions, 54 malignant lesions) were ultimately included in this study. All patients were divided into training sets (n = 98) and validation sets (n = 42) according to the 7:3 ratio. The radiomics features were screened and dimensioned, and multiple radiomics ML models were constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the diagnostic performance. Results Five radiomics features were included in the model. All the ML models built have good diagnostic efficiency, among which the support vector machine (SVM) model performs better. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the training set were 0.908, 0.816, 0.883, and 0.857, respectively, while those in the validation set were 0.911, 0.647, 0.92, and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion A variety of ML models built based on CT radiomics features have good value for differentiating benign and malignant VCFs in malignant tumor patients, and the SVM model has a better performance.
Outcome and treatment of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy under ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration
Authors: Abdullah Naz Azad 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to describe cases of cesarean scar pregnancies that were successfully treated with suction curettage under ultrasound guidance and their outcome. Methods This retrospective, descriptive case-series study was performed on 17 patients diagnosed with cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from May 2022 to April 2023. The patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The patients were treated with suction curettage alone or in combination with local injection of methotrexate under ultrasound guidance. Results Patients with a viable fetus (n = 4) received local intrinsic methotrexate injection into the gestational sac and suction curettage, while those in whom the fetus had died (n = 13) underwent only suction curettage. Five patients required intrauterine balloon insertion to stop bleeding without further treatment, and only three required a blood transfusion owing to severe bleeding. Conclusions Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is a dangerous and complex disorder with an increasing occurrence in recent years. Accurate early diagnosis and effective management are essential to reduce maternal mortality and mortality of this type of pregnancy.
A Chart Review for Epidemiology and Outcome of Fungal Bloodstream Infections Among Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital at North India
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Bir Raunak , Kushwaha Surendra Kumar , Garg Divya 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims The risk of fungal bloodstream infection (BSI) and accompanying mortality in neonates varies widely in between centres depending on the region, the population characteristics and the risk factors. Methods This chart review of neonatal cases with fungal BSI admitted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India aimed to comprehensively investigate the epidemiology, profile of fungal species (and their susceptibility to various antifungal agents), risk factors, clinical profile and outcomes in these neonates. The study spanned over a one-year period, from September 2022 to August 2023, included all symptomatic neonates with positive blood cultures for fungal pathogen. Results Over one year, 24 out of 1,174 neonates at risk were diagnosed with fungal BSI, with a cumulative risk of 2.0 per 100 neonates. A peak in cases occurred in February. Candida pelliculosa was the predominant species (75% of isolates), while Candida albicans constituted 4.2%. Most isolates were sensitive to fluconazole, except for some fluconazole-resistant Candida pelliculosa (5.5%) and Candida tropicalis (25.0%), which remained susceptible to amphotericin-B and voriconazole. Around 60% of neonates were preterm, 40% had very low birth weight and 37% were small for gestational age. Nearly all had received prior broad-spectrum antibiotics, with 92% receiving prolonged courses over five days. Respiratory support, including intubation and mechanical ventilation, was used in 83% before onset of fungal sepsis. Intriguingly, all neonates had some invasive device in place for more than seven days. Mortality rate of 25% was observed, with preterm birth and gastrointestinal anomalies contributing to adverse outcomes. Conclusions This study confirms the ongoing shift in trend from albicans to non-albicans Candida infections in our region as well. A seasonal peak of fungal sepsis noted in the month of February hinted at potential seasonal variation or lapses in infection control practices during colder months. The analysis of trends in fungal BSI might hold a significance within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for the prompt detection of outbreaks. Simultaneously, understanding and analysing risk factors associated with fungal BSI are essential for targeted prevention.