bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing the Measurement of Socioeconomic Position in Our Urogynecology Study Populations: An Illustrative Review
Authors: Heit Michael , Guirguis Nayera , Kassis Nadine , Takase-Sanchez Michelle , Carpenter Janet 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
The purpose of this illustrative review is to provide guidance for the measurement of socioeconomic position when conducting health disparities research in urogynecology study populations.

Methods
Deidentified data were extracted from existing investigational review board–approved research databases for illustrative purposes. Attributes collected included the study participant's marital status, level of educational attainment (in number of years of school completed) and occupation as well as the study participant's last/only spouses' level of education and occupation. Average household and female socioeconomic position scores were calculated using two established composite indices: (1) Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Position, (2) Green's Socioeconomic Status scores, and 2 single-item indices: (1) Hauser-Warren Socioeconomic Index of Occupation, (2) level of educational attainment.

Results
The Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Position more than the Hauser-Warren Socioeconomic Index of Occupation provides researchers with a continuous score that is normally distributed with the least skew from the dataset. Their greater standard deviations and low kurtotic values increase the probability that statistically significant differences in health outcomes predicted by socioeconomic position will be detected compared with Green's socioeconomic status scores.

Conclusions
Collection of socioeconomic data is an important first step in gaining a better understanding of health disparities through elimination of confounding bias, and for the development of behavioral, educational, and legislative strategies to eliminate them. We favor average household socioeconomic position scores over female socioeconomic position scores because average household socioeconomic position scores are more reflective of overall resources and opportunities available to each family member.
Association Between Overactive Bladder Syndrome and Depression Among Older Women
Authors: Alves Aline Teixeira , Jácomo Raquel Henriques , e Silva Renata Cristina Martins , Gomide Liana Barbaresco , Bontempo Albênica Paulino dos Santos , Garcia Patrícia Azevedo 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To evaluate the association between overactive bladder syndrome (OBS) and depression among older women.

Methods:
One hundred sixty-nine older women answered 2 questionnaires: the Overactive Bladder (OAB-V8) and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results:
One hundred twenty-nine participants (76.3%) had symptoms of OBS (OAB-V8 ≥ 8 points). Among those with OBS, 42.6% exhibited mild or severe depression. A significant correlation was found between OBS and depression (r = 0.354; P = .001).

Conclusions:
A high prevalence rate of OBS was found in older women and a large portion of these women exhibited symptoms of mild and severe depression.
Exact probabilities for the indeterminacy of complex networks as perceived through press perturbations
Authors: Koslicki David , Novak Mark 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe consider the goal of predicting how complex networks respond to chronic (press) perturbations when characterizations of their network topology and interaction strengths are associated with uncertainty. Our primary result is the derivation of exact formulas for the expected number and probability of qualitatively incorrect predictions about a system’s responses under uncertainties drawn form arbitrary distributions of error. These formulas obviate the current use of simulations, algorithms, and qualitative modeling techniques. Additional indices provide new tools for identifying which links in a network are most qualitatively and quantitatively sensitive to error, and for determining the volume of errors within which predictions will remain qualitatively determinate (i.e. sign insensitive). Together with recent advances in the empirical characterization of uncertainty in ecological networks, these tools bridge a way towards probabilistic predictions of network dynamics.
Uncovering the underlying mechanisms and whole-brain dynamics of therapeutic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Saenger Victor M. , Kahan Joshua , Foltynie Tom , Friston Karl , Aziz Tipu Z. , Green Alexander L. , van Hartevelt Tim J. , Stevner Angus B. A. , Fernandes Henrique M. , Mancini Laura , Thornton John , Yousry Tarek , Limousin Patricia , Zrinzo Ludvic , Hariz Marwan , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease is a highly effective treatment in controlling otherwise debilitating symptoms yet the underlying brain mechanisms are currently not well understood. We used whole-brain computational modeling to disclose the effects of DBS ON and OFF during collection of resting state fMRI in ten Parkinson’s Disease patients. Specifically, we explored the local and global impact of DBS in creating asynchronous, stable or critical oscillatory conditions using a supercritical bifurcation model. We found that DBS shifts the global brain dynamics of patients nearer to that of healthy people by significantly changing the bifurcation parameters in brain regions implicated in Parkinson’s Disease. We also found higher communicability and coherence brain measures during DBS ON compared to DBS OFF. Finally, by modeling stimulation we identified possible novel DBS targets. These results offer important insights into the underlying effects of DBS, which may in time offer a route to more efficacious treatments.
Growth-independent cross-feeding modifies boundaries for coexistence in a bacterial mutualism
Authors: McCully Alexandra L. , LaSarre Breah , McKinlay James B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNutrient cross-feeding can stabilize microbial mutualisms, including those important for carbon cycling in nutrient-limited anaerobic environments. It remains poorly understood how nutrient limitation within natural environments impacts mutualist growth, cross-feeding levels, and ultimately mutualism dynamics. We examined the effects of nutrient limitation within a mutualism using theoretical and experimental approaches with a synthetic anaerobic coculture pairing fermentativeEscherichia coliand phototrophicRhodopseudomonas palustris. In this coculture,E. coliandR. palustrisresemble an anaerobic food web by cross-feeding essential carbon (organic acids) and nitrogen (ammonium), respectively. Organic acid cross-feeding stemming fromE. colifermentation can continue in a growth-independent manner during nutrient limitation, while ammonium cross-feeding byR. palustrisis growth-dependent. When ammonium cross-feeding was limited, coculture trends changed yet coexistence persisted under both homogenous and heterogenous conditions. Theoretical modeling indicated that growth-independent fermentation was crucial to sustain cooperative growth under conditions of low nutrient exchange. We also show that growth-independent fermentation sets the upperE. colicell density at which this mutualism is supported. Thus, growth-independent fermentation can conditionally stabilize or destabilize a mutualism, indicating the potential importance of growth-independent metabolism for nutrient-limited mutualistic communities.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
Connecting tumor genomics with therapeutics through multi-dimensional network modules
Authors: Webber James T. , Ranall Max V. , Kaushik Swati , Bandyopadhyay Sourav 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTRecent efforts have catalogued genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and proteomic changes in tumors, but connecting these data with effective therapeutics remains a challenge. In contrast, cancer cell lines can model therapeutic responses but only partially reflect tumor biology. Bridging this gap requires new methods of data integration to identify a common set of pathways and molecular events. Using MAGNETIC, a new method to integrate molecular profiling data using functional networks, we identify 219 gene modules in TCGA breast cancers that capture recurrent alterations, reveal new roles for H3K27 tri-methylation and accurately quantitate various cell types within the tumor microenvironment. We show that a significant portion of gene expression and methylation in tumors is poorly reproduced in cell lines due to differences in biology and microenvironment and MAGNETIC identifies therapeutic biomarkers that are robust to these differences. This work addresses a fundamental challenge in pharmacogenomics that can only be overcome by the joint analysis of patient and cell line data.
UNC-5 (UNC5) mediates neuronal outgrowth patterning inCaenorhabditis elegansby regulating UNC-40 (DCC) asymmetric localization
Authors: Limerick Gerard , Tang Xia , Lee Won Suk , Mohamed Ahmed , Al-Aamiri Aseel , Wadsworth William G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeurons extend processes that vary in number, length, and direction of outgrowth. Extracellular cues help determine outgrowth patterns. InCaenorhabditis elegans,neurons respond to the extracellular UNC-6 (netrin) cue via UNC-40 (DCC) and UNC-5 (UNC5) receptors. Previously we presented evidence that UNC-40 asymmetric localization at the plasma membrane is self-organizing and that UNC-40 can localize and mediate outgrowth at randomly selected sites. We also postulate that the process is statistically dependent,i.e.if the probability of outgrowth at one site changes then the probability at another site(s) must also change. Over time, the direction of outgrowth activity fluctuates across the membrane. A probability distribution describes the likelihood of outgrowth in each direction. Random walk modeling predicts that the degree to which the direction of outgrowth fluctuations affects the outward displacement of the membrane. We predict that extracellular cues create patterns of outgrowth by differentially affecting the degree to which the direction of outgrowth activity fluctuates along the membrane. This produces different rates of outgrowth along the surface and creates patterns of extension. Here we present evidence that UNC-5 (UNC5) receptor activity regulates UNC-40 asymmetric localization and the patterning of outgrowth. We show thatunc-5mutations alter UNC-40 asymmetric localization and the patterns of outgrowth that neurons develop. Genetic interactions suggest UNC-5 acts through the UNC-53 (NAV2) cytoplasmic protein to regulate UNC-40 asymmetric localization in response to both the UNC-6 and EGL-20 (wnt) extracellular cues.
When the informal is the formal, the implicit is the explicit
Authors: Joyner Armstrong Cosette M. , Hustvedt Gwendolyn , LeHew Melody L.A. , Anderson Barbara G. , Hiller Connell Kim Y. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this project is to provide an account of the student experience at a higher education institution known for its holistic approach to sustainability education.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study was conducted at Green Mountain College (GMC), an environmental liberal arts school in Poultney, VT; 55 students participated in focus group interviews.

Findings
Students articulate that the most valuable gains that manifest at GMA are a variety of new capacities for science literacy, anthropological appreciation, the triple bottom line, a sense of place, systems, empathic decision-making and reasoning, interdisciplinary collaboration, and practical techniques supporting self-sufficiency. Prompting these emergent outcomes was a philosophy of practice at Green Mountain College, which included place-based techniques, empowerment, personalization, community ecology and charting polarity. Many students described their seeming metamorphosis as uncomfortable, and some felt isolated from the outside paradigm.

Research limitations/implications
A key implication of the study’s findings is that in a holistic setting, the line between the informal and formal curriculum are significantly blurred and what is implicitly communicated through university practices and values is what most transforms the students’ explicit understanding of sustainability.

Practical implications
Sustainability education is far more than technique, far more than what a lone instructor can manifest in students. While the persistence of individual faculty members is important, this evidence suggests that the fertile conditions for transformation may be more fruitful when faculty members work together with a collective sense of responsibility and a well-articulated paradigm.

Originality/value
The advantage of the present study is that it examines the perceived impact of a focus on sustainability across curricula and school by considering the educational environment as a whole. The experiences of students from many different majors who are involved in a holistic, sustainability-infused curriculum at a university with a history of successful post-graduation job placements in the sustainability field are explored here.
Combining forces
Authors: Munro Alison , Marcus Jean , Dolling Katie , Robinson John , Wahl Jennifer 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper describes the sustainability partnership between the City of Vancouver and the University of British Columbia (UBC) and, in particular, the co-curricular Greenest City Scholars graduate student internship program, which has been developed by the two organizations. Through the program, UBC graduate students work on projects at the City that help to advance sustainability targets. The paper aims to explore the successes, challenges and lessons learned from the program.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study uses literature and document review, observations, program participant evaluation surveys and project impact survey feedback.

Findings
The Greenest City Scholars program model has contributed to the sustainability goals at UBC and the City of Vancouver and has supported the partnership between the two organizations. The program has grown over its five-year history and is considered to be a central part of the partnership. Breadth of student participants from across the university and high participation from City departments have been achieved. The model is now being adapted to be delivered within other partnerships.

Practical implications
The experiences presented in this case study can help other higher education institutions understand how a co-curricular graduate student work experience program could help to bolster their own sustainability partnerships.

Originality/value
This paper makes a contribution by providing insight into the use of a graduate student program to advance the goals of a university–community sustainability partnership.
Campus prosociality as a sustainability indicator
Authors: Waring Timothy M. , Sullivan Abigail V. , Stapp Jared R. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeProsociality may in part determine sustainability behavior. Prior research indicates that pro-environmental behavior correlates with prosocial attitudes, and separately, that prosociality correlates with social support in homes and communities. Therefore, prosociality may constitute a keystone variable linking human well-being with pro-environmental behavior. The purpose of the paper is to test this conjecture.Design/methodology/approachData from a multi-year student survey at the University of Maine on environmental behavior, prosociality and experienced social support are used. A two-stage least-squares regression is applied to explore the relationships between these variables, and sub-scale analysis of the pro-environmental responses is performed. Additionally, spatial statistics for the student population across the state are computed.FindingsThe data corroborate previous findings and indicates that social support within a community may bolster the prosociality of its members, which in turn may increase pro-environmental behaviors and intentions.Research limitations/implicationsCross-sectional data do not permit the imputation of causality. Self-reported measures of behavior may also be biased. However, student prosociality surveys may provide an effective and low-cost sustainability metric for large populations.Social implicationsThe results of this study corroborate prior research to suggest that pro-environmental and prosocial behaviors may both be enhanced by bolstering social support efforts at the community level.Originality/valueIt is suggested that prosociality could become a keystone sustainability indicator. The study’s results extend the understanding of the connections between prosociality, social support and pro-environmental behavior. The results of this study suggest that efforts to simultaneously improve the well-being and environmental status might focus on building prosociality and social support systems at the community level.
Start your own revolution: agency and action of the Riot Grrrl network
Authors: Kaltefleiter Caroline K. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the Riot Grrrl activist network in the USA and highlight historical anarchist actions of the Washington, DC chapter by examining the nexus of feminism and anarchism on a continuum of youth activism, and by paying attention to anti-war campaigns, food distribution programs, free clinics and girl culture.Design/methodology/approachThe paper historically contextualizes Riot Grrrl within the Situationist International literature and cultural resistance as well as Donna Harraway’s work on cultural workers. Ethnographic work incorporates participant observation and semi-structured interviews as well as textual analysis of rare Riot Grrrl artifacts. Focus is given to the production of zines as mechanisms for communicating and deconstructing anarcho-grrrl culture.FindingsThis paper charts the influence of Riot Grrrl with particular attention to anti-war demonstrations to contemporary activist projects that illustrate tenants of anarchism such as non-hierarchical leadership, direction action, cooperation, mutual aid and volunteerism.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on the Riot Grrrl network in the USA, with a focus on the Washington, DC chapter. Subsequent Riot Grrrl chapters emerged around the world and future research might attend to regional impact these groups made in their communities.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper resides not only in its ethnographic approach to the essence of being a Riot Grrrl, but also includes the author’s own reflections of involvement in this girl-centered activist collective. Further, the author acknowledges Los Angeles performance artist Exene Cervanka, whose anti-war writing and activist work was influential to the Riot Grrrl movement. This essay examines actions to (re)organize, and to disrupt preferred meanings and interpretations of organization and protest so as to mobilize knowledge and to affect authentic social change. This paper commemorates the 25th anniversary of Riot Grrrl and the Mount Pleasant Riots.
Consensus and activism through collective exchanges: a focus on El Cambalache, Mexico
Authors: Araujo Erin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how consensus decision making serves as a foundation for organizing an alternative economy while the agency of the economic project itself organizes participants because it serves to distribute resources as people need them and foment a community of sharing based on the concept that as individuals we are lacking but as a community we have enough. The paper asserts that as activists looking to foment change, alternative economic projects in themselves are actors in organizing community building and resistance to capitalism.

Design/methodology/approach
El Cambalache (The Swap in English), located in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, is an exchange-based money-less economy that trades unwanted items as well as knowledge, abilities and skills that one wants to share. The project receives anything; specifically used, broken and/or unwanted electronics as well as just about anything else that one might possess. In exchange people provide laptop maintenance classes, language exchange, land to be worked, rooms, gardening services, objects, stories, etc. The rules in this money-less non-capitalist economy organize participation through one exchange or many.

Findings
Consensus decision making is an effective method for engaging in non-hierarchical research projects.

Originality/value
This project contributes to research in heterodox economies by presenting an original project with a new suggestion for exchange value as an inclusive process of exchange among participants in the economy. It also provides evidence that consensus decision making can be a useful and productive method for research.
Czech civil sector face-to-face with freelance activism
Authors: Frič Pavol , Vávra Martin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to answer following question: what is the relationship between member activism performed through civil society organizations (CSOs) and individualized freelance activism (in form of online activism, everyday making, political consumerism or checkbook activism) independent of organizational framework? Is it a relationship of mutual competition or support?

Design/methodology/approach
Analysis is carried out on data from 2009 questionnaire-based survey on volunteering, representative for adult Czech population. The data set allowed the authors to relate member activism with freelance activism and in case of member activism distinguish the type of organization and the level of its professionalization.

Findings
Dominant pattern the authors identified in data is mutual support of both types of volunteering documented by significant overlap of these forms of public engagement. The most striking is the overlap for active members of new advocacy NGOs and the weakest for traditional clubs. Regression analysis shows that on an individual level “mixed activism” (compared with “pure freelance activism”) is linked with higher education and higher confidence in civic organizations.

Originality/value
The civil practice of individualized freelance activism was described and analysed by various authors as an activity of specific types of activist, but there has not yet been any research giving reflection on such a large scale of freelance activism types as in the analysis. The authors set them together in contrast to the member (collective, organized) form of civic activism and also took into account the influence of professionalization and type of CSOs.