bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of hybrid Freeman maple resistance to Chrysobothris flatheaded borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Gautam Asmita , Oliver Jason B , Perkovich Cindy , Addesso Karla M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Red maples (Acer rubrum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) are common shade trees well known for their stunning autumn foliage and fast growth. They are a popular choice for landscapes, parks, and public places across the United States. Flatheaded borer species in the genus Chrysobothris (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are some of the most damaging insects in red maple production, with attacks being most common on stressed and newly transplanted trees. In nurseries, red maples routinely experience flatheaded borer attacks, while the Freeman maple hybrid ‘Autumn Blaze’ has been reported as potentially resistant to flatheaded borers. In this study, traits of three borer susceptible red maple cultivars (‘Brandywine’, ‘Sun Valley’, and ‘October Glory’) were compared against a potentially resistant Freeman maple hybrid cultivar for baseline differences as well as differences under the stress of a foliar herbicide application Scythe (pelargonic acid 57%). Morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of the red maple cultivars were evaluated and contrasted with the hybrid to identify traits related with borer resistance. Under normal conditions, the hybrid maple exhibited faster growth, greater concentrations of sulfur, and lower concentrations of zinc and flavonoids in leaf tissues compared to red maples. The herbicide stress treatment resulted in greater nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in hybrid foliage, but less chlorophyll, flavonoid, and zinc concentrations compared to the red maple cultivars. Field trials validated borer preference for red maples over the hybrid. Traits associated with the hybrid warrant additional study if an understanding of the causal relationship with borer resistance is to be achieved.
Correlation Between Subgenome-biased DNA Loss and DNA Transposon Activation Following Hybridization in the Allotetraploid Xenopus Frogs
Authors: Suda Kosuke , Suzuki Takahiro , Hayashi Shun , Okuyama Honoka , Tsukamoto Daisuke , Matsuo Takuya , Tamura Kei , Ito Michihiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In certain tetraploid species resulting from interspecific hybridization, one parent's subgenome is known to selectively undergo DNA loss. The molecular mechanisms behind this remain unclear. In our study, we compared the genomes of a standard diploid species with two allotetraploid species from the Xenopus genus, both possessing L (longer) and S (shorter) homoeologous subgenomes. We observed substantial gene losses and intergenic DNA deletions in both the S and L subgenomes of the tetraploid species. Gene losses were around 1,000 to 3,000 for L and 4,000 to 6,000 for S, with especially prominent losses in the S subgenome. Many of these losses likely occurred shortly after interspecific hybridization in both L/S subgenomes. We also deduced frequent large inversions in the S subgenome. Upon reassessing transposon dynamics using updated genome databases, we reaffirmed heightened DNA transposon activity during the hybridization, as previously reported. We next investigated whether S subgenome-biased DNA loss could be correlated with the activation of DNA transposons following hybridization. Notably, distinct patterns were observed in the dynamics of DNA transposons between the L and S subgenomes. Several DNA transposon subfamilies correlated positively with DNA deletions in the S subgenome and negatively in the L subgenome. Based on these results, we propose a model that, upon and after hybridization between two related diploid Xenopus species, the mixture of their genomes resulted in the derepression of DNA transposons, especially in the S subgenome, leading to selective DNA loss in the S subgenome.
Pandemic preparedness of Egyptian community pharmacists and potential facilitators to the successful implementation of a community pharmacy coronavirus disease 2019 referral service: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bahlol Mohamed , Aliekperova Nataliia , Elkhatib Walid F , Dewey Rebecca Susan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in an increased need for essential community services including new roles for pharmacists. Globally, community pharmacists are a highly accessible point of contact for referral.

Objective
To assess the preparedness of and facilitators to community pharmacists referring patients with suspected COVID-19 symptoms for testing.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered using a structured questionnaire to 1023 pharmacists (one respondent in each pharmacy) in Egypt between 17 and 30 May 2020.

Results
Pharmacists who had received pandemic referral training were significantly more familiar with the referral system in comparison to those who had not (n = 180; 17.6% vs. n = 841; 82.4%, P = .014). Case referral was significantly associated with the referrer (n = 161, 15.8%), demographics of region (P = .001), graduation year (P = .035), and gender (P = .015). The vast majority of respondents identified facilitators to referring, namely university-level teaching (n = 984, 96.7%), continuing professional development (n = 958, 94.3%), smartphone app (n = 809, 80.5%) or telephone hotline (n = 933, 91.5%), IT access (n = 861, 84.7%), and managing patients’ attitudes through the media in terms of the importance of declaring symptoms to (n = 998, 97.7%) and cooperating with (n = 977, 96.2%) referrers.

Conclusions
Pharmacists’ lack of preparedness to engage with the referral process and related roles contributing to tracking the national COVID-19 infection rate could be mitigated by the provision of facilitators suggested by respondents. These included improved cooperation from local healthcare authorities, educational interventions, technological solutions, and the use of the media. Demographics associated with pharmacists’ attitudes to referral, and hence the reliability and validity of the national infection rate, demand further investigation.
Recounting the untold stories of breast cancer patient experiences: lessons learned from a patient–public involvement and engagement storytelling event
Authors: Cunningham Margaret R , Rattray Nicholas J W , McFadden Yvonne , Berardi Domenica , Daramy Karim , Kelly Patricia E , Galbraith Allison , Lochiel Isobel , Mills Lorraine , Scott Yvonne , Chalmers Susan , Lannigan Alison , Rattray Zahra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Breast cancer remains a prevalent disease in women worldwide. Though advancements in breast cancer care have improved patient survival, a breast cancer diagnosis, and subsequent interventions have a lasting impact on patients’ lived experiences during the pandemic.

Methods
We present the collaborative learning process from this patient engagement workshop series as a community-academic partnership. Narrative medicine tools were used to recount patients’ lived experiences following diagnosis, where both patients and researchers shared their cancer research activities in each workshop, and the role of the multidisciplinary healthcare team was discussed.

Key findings
We used an iterative approach to cohort building, narrative development, and the use of multiple media formats to capture stories. Over 20 patients with breast cancer shared their stories for the first time since their diagnosis with a wider audience. Here, we present the learning process and considerations from this event.

Conclusions
Understanding patients’ lived experiences can support researchers and healthcare professionals in developing an empathetic approach to shared healthcare decision making. Moreover, understanding the lived experiences of patients is critical to addressing disparities in healthcare.
NDM-5-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 in a university hospital in Argentina
Authors: Alvarez Carla , Nastro Marcela , Goyheneche Beatriz , Potente Nicolás , Ledesma Martin , Vay Carlos , Naas Thierry , Foccoli Mónica , de Gregorio Stella , Famiglietti Angela , Dabos Laura , Rodriguez Carlos Hernán 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
A drastic increase in carbapenem resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates occurred during the period 2019–22. Three epidemiological changes could be evidenced: (i) NDM became the predominant carbapenemase; (ii) NDM-5 replaced NDM-1; and (iii) the emergence of NDM-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 (NDM-KpST258).

Materials and methods
Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from patients on the ICU of a university hospital of Buenos Aires were studied during the period 2019–22. Identification was performed by MS and susceptibility by the Phoenix system (broth microdilution for colistin). Carbapenemase production was detected phenotypically. Molecular studies included PCR with specific primers and WGS (in some isolates).

Results
NDM-producing K. pneumoniae was statistically associated with the use of ceftazidime/avibactam between 2019 and April 2021, whereas in the period from May 2021 to December 2022, it seemed to be related to the presence of NDM-5-KpST258. A gradual increase in the number of urease-negative NDM-Kp-ST258 during 2019–22 was observed. The plasmid origin of NDM-5 was supported by its presence on the IncFII incompatibility group plasmid.

Conclusions
Our study describes the first outbreak of NDM5-KpST258 at an ICU in Argentina, remarkably associated with considerable changes in the carbapenemase epidemiology. The intrinsic characteristics of ST258 may contribute to increased spread of NDM in hospital settings, resembling KPC-2 dissemination.
Comparison of a Fully Automated Platform and an Established ELISA for the Quantification of Neurofilament Light Chain in Patients With Cognitive Decline
Authors: Agnello Luisa , Gambino Caterina Maria , Del Ben Fabio , Ciaccio Anna Maria , Scazzone Concetta , Lo Sasso Bruna , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most-used method for neurofilament light chain (NfL) quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recently, fully automated immunoassays for NfL measurement in CSF and blood have allowed high reproducibility among laboratories, making NfLs suitable for routine use in clinical practice. In this study, we compared the Uman Diagnostics NF-light ELISA with the fully automated platform Lumipulse.

Methods
We enrolled 60 patients with cognitive decline, including Alzheimer disease (AD). CSF NfL levels were measured by a NF-light ELISA kit (UmanDiagnostics), and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) on the Lumipulse G1200 platform (Fujirebio Diagnostics). Serum NfLs levels were measured by CLEIA on the Lumipulse G1200.

Results
We found a significant, very strong correlation [Spearman rho = 0.94 (0.90–0.96)] between CLEIA and ELISA in CSF, and a significant moderate correlation between CSF and serum with both analytical methods [CLEIA vs serum CLEIA 0.41 (0.16–0.61); ELISA vs serum CLEIA 0.40 (0.15–0.60)]. It is worth noting that CSF CLEIA measurements were approximately 136.12 times higher than the serum measurements.

Conclusions
Our findings show a robust correlation between ELISA Uman Diagnostic and the standardized Lumipulse G1200 platform for CSF NfL measurements.
Evaluation of precision feeding standardized ileal digestible lysine and other amino acids to determine and meet the lactating sow’s requirement estimates
Authors: Spinler Mikayla S , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Frobose Hyatt L , Uitermarkt Amanda , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the effects of precision feeding standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys during lactation. Sows were blocked by parity and allotted to treatment on day 2 of lactation. In both experiments, sow body weight (BW), backfat (BF), loin depth (LD), and estimated N excretion were evaluated as well as litter growth performance. In experiment 1, 95 sows and litters were used. Three dietary treatments were provided using 2 diets: a low (0.25% SID Lys) and high Lys diet (1.10% SID Lys). Treatments included a control diet (1.10% SID Lys) fed throughout lactation, and NRC or INRA treatment curves for Lys intake. Sows fed NRC or INRA treatment curves received blends of low and high Lys diets using a computerized lactation feeder (Gestal Quattro Opti Feeder, Jyga Technologies, St-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Quebec, CA) to target a specific Lys intake each day of lactation based on NRC and INRA models for parity and litter size. In experiment 2, 56 sows and litters were used with 3 treatments, a control diet (1.10% SID Lys fed throughout lactation) and either a static or dynamic blend curve. For both curve treatments, low (0.40% SID Lys) and high Lys (1.10% SID Lys) diets were blended to reach target Lys intake. The difference between the static and dynamic curves was that the dynamic curves were adjusted based on actual Lys intake and static curves were not. Lysine intake curves were based on NRC model estimates, but targets were increased by 20% to target average Lys intake of 60 g/d across parities based on results of experiment 1. In both experiments, no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in sow average daily feed intake or sow BW, BF, or LD change were observed. Sows fed the control diets had greater Lys intake (grams per day; P &lt; 0.05) compared to sows fed either of the blended treatment curves. In experiment 1, pigs from sows fed the control diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) BW at weaning and preweaning average daily gain (ADG) compared to sows fed the INRA treatment curve, with pigs from sows fed the NRC treatment curve intermediate. However, in experiment 2, no differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed in pig weight at weaning or ADG. In both experiments, sows fed the blended treatment curves had lower (P &lt; 0.05) calculated N excretion. In summary, for a litter size of 13.5 weaned pigs, 60 g/d of SID Lys is sufficient to maximize litter weight gain and can be achieved through blending low and high Lys diets. Precision feeding reduced N excretion compared to feeding a single diet throughout lactation.
A method for velocity modeling in a volcanic rock zone that integrates the amplitude envelope attribute and grid tomography: application to data from the North Jiangsu Basin
Authors: Wu Jizhong , Han Subo , Shi Ying , Wang Kexin , Yang Chenyu , Yang Qianqian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The complexity of volcanic rocks presents challenges in seismic data quality and fine characterization of structural morphology, making velocity modeling difficult. In this study, we propose a velocity modeling method for volcanic rock areas that combines the use of amplitude envelope attribute and grid tomography inversion. By exploiting the strong reflection characteristics of volcanic rocks, the amplitude envelope attribute is employed to identify volcanic rock structures, eliminating the need for labor-intensive manual interpretation. The grid tomography inversion technique is then used to derive background velocity fields for all strata. These are further refined by incorporating the residual velocity fields of volcanic rocks through fusion and superposition. This integrated approach significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of velocity modeling in complex volcanic rock areas, overcoming the limitations associated with conventional volcanic rock structural models and resulting in more accurate velocity inversion. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method for velocity modeling in volcanic rock zone are demonstrated through the application of seismic data from an oilfield in eastern China. The results highlight the method's strong industrial application value.
Full waveform inversion with smoothing of dilated convolutions
Authors: Chen Suyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a method for building subsurface models with high resolution by optimizing a data-fitting problem. However, it is still a challenge to apply the FWI method to complicated subsurface models, because FWI is a highly ill-fitting inversion problem. When the simulated data differ from the observed data by more than half a cycle, FWI tends to suffer from the cycle-skipping problems and get trapped in a local minimum. To help the inversion to converge to the accurate subsurface model, we typically build a reasonable initial model or use low-frequency data to start our inversion. Here, we developed a novel technique called smoothing of dilated convolutions inversion (SDCI) to generate low-frequency components from seismic data to recover low-wavenumber components of the subsurface. In the theory part, we first present the objective function of the SDCI method and then derive the gradient of the objective function relative to the velocity using the adjoint-state approach. We then apply the method to a set of simulated data from the Marmousi model. The SDCI method can reasonably estimate the subsurface model even if the simulated seismic record does not contain information below 5 Hz. The numerical examples prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. From the SDCI results, the FWI method recovers the velocity with higher accuracy and resolution.
Development and age estimation of the intrapuparial period of Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for postmortem interval estimation
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Wang Yinghui , Chen Na , Li Liangliang , Guo Yi , Hu Gengwang , Gao Yundi , Shao Shipeng , Gu Zhiya , Wang Jiangfeng , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826; Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a Holarctic species that rapidly colonizes carcasses and has been used as an indicator for determining the minimum postmortem interval. However, studies using morphological methods to estimate the intrapuparial age of P. regina are lacking. In this study, morphological changes within the puparium were observed under a stereomicroscope at 7 constant temperatures ranging from 16 °C to 34 °C. The intrapuparial period was categorized into 12 substages. Morphological indicators, including compound eyes, mouthparts, antennae, thorax, legs, wings, and abdomen, were recorded in detail. The observed morphological changes were divided into 6–10 substages, and the duration of each substage was also recorded in detail. The results of this study provide primary data for using the intrapuparial morphology of P. regina when pupae are collected at a crime scene and estimating the minimum postmortem interval.
Contemporary prognostic signatures and refined risk stratification of gliomas: An analysis of 4400 tumors
Authors: Ghosh Hia S , Patel Ruchit V , Woodward Eleanor , Greenwald Noah F , Bhave Varun M , Maury Eduardo A , Cello Gregory , Hoffman Samantha E , Li Yvonne , Gupta Hersh , Youssef Gilbert , Spurr Liam F , Vogelzang Jayne , Touat Mehdi , Dubois Frank , Cherniack Andrew D , Guo Xiaopeng , Tavakol Sherwin , Cioffi Gino , Lindeman Neal I , Ligon Azra H , Chiocca E Antonio , Reardon David A , Wen Patrick Y , Meredith David M , Santagata Sandro , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ligon Keith L , Beroukhim Rameen , Bi Wenya Linda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
With the significant shift in the classification, risk stratification, and standards of care for gliomas, we sought to understand how the overall survival of patients with these tumors is impacted by molecular features, clinical metrics, and treatment received.

Methods
We assembled a cohort of patients with histopathologically diagnosed glioma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital. This incorporated retrospective clinical, histological, and molecular data alongside a prospective assessment of patient survival.

Results
Of 4400 gliomas were identified: 2195 glioblastomas, 1198 IDH1/2-mutant astrocytomas, 531 oligodendrogliomas, 271 other IDH1/2-wild-type gliomas, and 205 pediatric-type glioma. Molecular classification updated 27.2% of gliomas from their original histopathologic diagnosis. Examining the distribution of molecular alterations across glioma subtypes revealed mutually exclusive alterations within tumorigenic pathways. Non-TCGA patients had significantly improved overall survival compared to TCGA patients, with 26.7%, 55.6%, and 127.8% longer survival for glioblastoma, IDH1/2-mutant astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma, respectively (all P &lt; .01). Several prognostic features were characterized, including NF1 alteration and 21q loss in glioblastoma, and EGFR amplification and 22q loss in IDH1/2-mutant astrocytoma. Leveraging the size of this cohort, nomograms were generated to assess the probability of overall survival based on patient age, the molecular features of a tumor, and the treatment received.

Conclusions
By applying modern molecular criteria, we characterize the genomic diversity across glioma subtypes, identify clinically applicable prognostic features, and provide a contemporary update on patient survival to serve as a reference for ongoing investigations.
Scalable InGaN nanowire µ-LEDs: paving the way for next-generation display technology
Authors: Veeramuthu Vignesh , Kim Sung-Un , Lee Sang-Wook , Navamathavan R , Chandran Bagavath , Um Dae-Young , Oh Jeong-Kyun , Lee Min-Seok , Kim Yong-Ho , Lee Cheul-Ro , Ra Yong-Ho 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Ever-increasing demand for efficient optoelectronic devices with a small-footprinted on-chip light emitting diode has driven their expansion in self-emissive displays, from micro-electronic displays to large video walls. InGaN nanowires, with features like high electron mobility, tunable emission wavelengths, durability under high current densities, compact size, self-emission, long lifespan, low-power consumption, fast response, and impressive brightness, are emerging as the choice of micro-light emitting diodes (µLEDs). However, challenges persist in achieving high crystal quality and lattice-matching heterostructures due to composition tuning and bandgap issues on substrates with differing crystal structures and high lattice mismatches. Consequently, research is increasingly focused on scalable InGaN nanowire µLEDs representing a transformative advancement in display technology, particularly for next-generation applications such as virtual/augmented reality and high-speed optical interconnects. This study presents recent progress and critical challenges in the development of InGaN nanowire µLEDs, highlighting their performance and potential as the next-generation displays in consumer electronics.