bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Behavior of the Fungicide Benalaxyl During Grape Growth and the Wine‐Making Process
Authors: Lu Yuele , Shao Yihua , Dai Songjun , Diao Jinling , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBenalaxyl is widely applied as a fungicide during grape planting processing. In this experiment, the stereoselective behavior of benalaxyl was studied during the grape growth and wine‐making process. A simple method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a chiral column and UV detector was established to separate and determine the enantiomers of benalaxyl. Stereoselective degradation of the two enantiomers of benalaxyl was found in grapes. The degradation of both enantiomers followed pseudofirst‐order kinetics, and the degradation rate of R‐(−)‐benalaxyl was faster than S‐(+)‐benalaxyl. The half‐life of R‐(−)‐benalaxyl was 27 h, while the half‐life of S‐(+)‐benalaxyl was 31 h. The enantiomer fraction value decreased from 0.50 to 0.34 and finally only S‐(+)‐benalaxyl could be detected. In the fermentation process, both enantiomers of benalaxyl were hardly degraded, and no configuration interconversion was observed. Meanwhile, both enantiomers of benalaxyl showed little influence on the growth of the yeast, consumption of carbon sources, or production of alcohol. The result of this study might provide more sufficient data for the evaluation of food safety and potential risk. Chirality 28:394–398, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of Nadolol Stereoisomers Using Chiralpak IA Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Arafah Rami S. , Ribeiro António E. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Pais Luís S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChiralpak IA adsorbent is used for both analytical and preparative chromatographic separation of nadolol stereoisomers. The results include a complete screening of the mobile phase composition for both the baseline resolution of all four nadolol stereoisomers (analytical separation) and the simulated moving bed (SMB) pseudo‐binary separation of the most retained stereoisomer. The experimental results show that analytical baseline resolution of nadolol stereoisomers can be achieved using alcohol/hydrocarbon and alcohol/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. The 10%ethanol/90%acetonitrile mixture is presented as the one that presents baseline resolution with lower retention. For the preparative pseudo‐binary separation, pure ethanol, pure methanol, alcohol/acetonitrile, and alcohol/tetrahydrofuran mixtures proved to allow good separation results. The 100%methanol/0.1%diethylamine solvent composition was selected to perform the experimental SMB separation. Using a 10 g/L total feed concentration, the more retained stereoisomer was recovered at the extract outlet stream with 99.5% purity, obtaining a system productivity of 1.98 gL−1 h−1and requiring a solvent consumption of 3.13 L/g of product. Comparing these results with the ones recently presented by Ribeiro et al. (2013), this work shows that the Chiralpak IA chiral adsorbent is an interesting alternative to Chiralpak AD for the separation of nadolol stereoisomers at both analytical and preparative scales.Chirality 28:399–408, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recycling von Textilien aus carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoff‐Bauteilen und deren Produktion
Authors: Seiler Elisa , Stark Alexander , Forberger Jens 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Energie‐ und Ressourceneffizienzstrategien hat der Einsatz an Faserverbund‐Hybridbauteilen im Leichtbau stark zugenommen. Dies hat die Suche nach überzeugenden Recyclingmöglichkeiten für carbonfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem aktuellen Thema werden lassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag der zukünftige Recyclingmarkt dieser Materialien vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt in der Rückgewinnung von Carbonfasern aus Produktionsabfall und CFK‐Bauteilen mittels Pyrolyse und Solvolyse.
High‐throughput automated scoring of Ki67 in breast cancer tissue microarrays from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Abubakar Mustapha , Howat William J , Daley Frances , Zabaglo Lila , McDuffus Leigh‐Anne , Blows Fiona , Coulson Penny , Raza Ali H , Benitez Javier , Milne Roger , Brenner Herman , Stegmaier Christa , Mannermaa Arto , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Rudolph Anja , Sinn Peter , Couch Fergus J , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , Devilee Peter , Figueroa Jonine , Sherman Mark E , Lissowska Jolanta , Hewitt Stephen , Eccles Diana , Hooning Maartje J , Hollestelle Antoinette , WM Martens John , HM van Deurzen Carolien , Investigators kConFab , Bolla Manjeet K , Wang Qin , Jones Michael , Schoemaker Minouk , Broeks Annegien , van Leeuwen Flora E , Van't Veer Laura , Swerdlow Anthony J , Orr Nick , Dowsett Mitch , Easton Douglas , Schmidt Marjanka K , Pharoah Paul D , Garcia‐Closas Montserrat 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAutomated methods are needed to facilitate high‐throughput and reproducible scoring of Ki67 and other markers in breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) in large‐scale studies. To address this need, we developed an automated protocol for Ki67 scoring and evaluated its performance in studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We utilized 166 TMAs containing 16,953 tumour cores representing 9,059 breast cancer cases, from 13 studies, with information on other clinical and pathological characteristics. TMAs were stained for Ki67 using standard immunohistochemical procedures, and scanned and digitized using the Ariol system. An automated algorithm was developed for the scoring of Ki67, and scores were compared to computer assisted visual (CAV) scores in a subset of 15 TMAs in a training set. We also assessed the correlation between automated Ki67 scores and other clinical and pathological characteristics. Overall, we observed good discriminatory accuracy (AUC = 85%) and good agreement (kappa = 0.64) between the automated and CAV scoring methods in the training set. The performance of the automated method varied by TMA (kappa range= 0.37–0.87) and study (kappa range = 0.39–0.69). The automated method performed better in satisfactory cores (kappa = 0.68) than suboptimal (kappa = 0.51) cores (p‐value for comparison = 0.005); and among cores with higher total nuclei counted by the machine (4,000–4,500 cells: kappa = 0.78) than those with lower counts (50–500 cells: kappa = 0.41; p‐value = 0.010). Among the 9,059 cases in this study, the correlations between automated Ki67 and clinical and pathological characteristics were found to be in the expected directions. Our findings indicate that automated scoring of Ki67 can be an efficient method to obtain good quality data across large numbers of TMAs from multicentre studies. However, robust algorithm development and rigorous pre‐ and post‐analytical quality control procedures are necessary in order to ensure satisfactory performance.
Mo2C as Non‐Noble Metal Co‐Catalyst in Mo2C/CdS Composite for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2Evolution under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Ma Baojun , Xu Haojie , Lin Keying , Li Jie , Zhan Haijuan , Liu Wanyi , Li Can 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCo‐catalysts are a major factor to enhance photocatalytic H2activity; they are mainly composed of expensive noble metals. Here, we reported a new non‐noble‐metal co‐catalyst Mo2C that efficiently improves the photocatalytic H2evolution of CdS under visible light irradiation. Mo2C is prepared by temperature‐programmed reaction with molybdenum oxide as precursor, and the Mo2C/CdS composite is prepared by deposition of CdS on Mo2C. The optimum composite 2.0 % Mo2C/CdS shows a high H2evolution rate of 161 μmol h−1, which is ten times higher than that of CdS alone and 2.3 times higher than the optimum for 1.0 % Pt/CdS. Moreover, the Mo2C/CdS is stable for 50 h. This study presents a new low‐cost non‐noble‐metal co‐catalyst as a photocatalyst to achieve highly efficient H2evolution.
Africanization of a feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) population in South Texas: does a decade make a difference?
Authors: Rangel Juliana , Giresi Melissa , Pinto Maria Alice , Baum Kristen A. , Rubink William L. , Coulson Robert N. , Johnston John Spencer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe arrival to the United States of the Africanized honey bee, a hybrid between European subspecies and the African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata, is a remarkable model for the study of biological invasions. This immigration has created an opportunity to study the dynamics of secondary contact of honey bee subspecies from African and European lineages in a feral population in South Texas. An 11‐year survey of this population (1991–2001) showed that mitochondrial haplotype frequencies changed drastically over time from a resident population of eastern and western European maternal ancestry, to a population dominated by the African haplotype. A subsequent study of the nuclear genome showed that the Africanization process included bidirectional gene flow between European and Africanized honey bees, giving rise to a new panmictic mixture of A. m. scutellata‐ and European‐derived genes. In this study, we examined gene flow patterns in the same population 23 years after the first hybridization event occurred. We found 28 active colonies inhabiting 92 tree cavities surveyed in a 5.14 km2 area, resulting in a colony density of 5.4 colonies/km2. Of these 28 colonies, 25 were of A. m. scutellata maternal ancestry, and three were of western European maternal ancestry. No colonies of eastern European maternal ancestry were detected, although they were present in the earlier samples. Nuclear DNA revealed little change in the introgression of A. m. scutellata‐derived genes into the population compared to previous surveys. Our results suggest this feral population remains an admixed swarm with continued low levels of European ancestry and a greater presence of African‐derived mitochondrial genetic composition.
Whole‐genome sequencing reveals small genomic regions of introgression in an introduced crater lake population of threespine stickleback
Authors: Yoshida Kohta , Miyagi Ryutaro , Mori Seiichi , Takahashi Aya , Makino Takashi , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Kitano Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInvasive species pose a major threat to biological diversity. Although introduced populations often experience population bottlenecks, some invasive species are thought to be originated from hybridization between multiple populations or species, which can contribute to the maintenance of high genetic diversity. Recent advances in genome sequencing enable us to trace the evolutionary history of invasive species even at whole‐genome level and may help to identify the history of past hybridization that may be overlooked by traditional marker‐based analysis. Here, we conducted whole‐genome sequencing of eight threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) individuals, four from a recently introduced crater lake population and four of the putative source population. We found that both populations have several small genomic regions with high genetic diversity, which resulted from introgression from a closely related species (Gasterosteus nipponicus). The sizes of the regions were too small to be detected with traditional marker‐based analysis or even some reduced‐representation sequencing methods. Further amplicon sequencing revealed linkage disequilibrium around an introgression site, which suggests the possibility of selective sweep at the introgression site. Thus, interspecies introgression might predate introduction and increase genetic variation in the source population. Whole‐genome sequencing of even a small number of individuals can therefore provide higher resolution inference of history of introduced populations.
Estimating Neospora caninum prevalence in wildlife populations using Bayesian inference
Authors: Moreno‐Torres Karla , Wolfe Barbara , Saville William , Garabed Rebecca 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrevalence of disease in wildlife populations, which is necessary for developing disease models and conducting epidemiologic analyses, is often understudied. Laboratory tests used to screen for diseases in wildlife populations often are validated only for domestic animals. Consequently, the use of these tests for wildlife populations may lead to inaccurate estimates of disease prevalence. We demonstrate the use of Bayesian latent class analysis (LCA) in determining the specificity and sensitivity of a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; VMRD®, Inc.) serologic test used to identify exposure to Neospora caninum (hereafter N. caninum) in three wildlife populations in southeastern Ohio, USA. True prevalence of N. caninum exposure in these populations was estimated to range from 0.1% to 3.1% in American bison (Bison bison), 51.0% to 53.8% in Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus), and 40.0% to 45.9% in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The accuracy of the cELISA in American bison and Père David's deer was estimated to be close to the 96% sensitivity and 99% specificity reported by the manufacturer. Sensitivity in white‐tailed deer, however, ranged from 78.9% to 99.9%. Apparent prevalence of N. caninum from the test results is not equal to the true prevalence in white‐tailed deer and Père David's deer populations. Even when these species inhabit the same community, the true prevalence in the two deer populations differed from the true prevalence in the American bison population. Variances in prevalence for some species suggest differences in the epidemiology of N. caninum for these colocated populations. Bayesian LCA methods could be used as in this example to overcome some of the constraints on validating tests in wildlife species. The ability to accurately evaluate disease status and prevalence in a population improves our understanding of the epidemiology of multihost pathogen systems at the community level.
Development and piloting of a food‐based intervention to increase vitamin E intake in pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Clark Julia , Holgan Nikki , Craig Leone , Morgan Heather , Danielian Peter , Devereux Graham 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLow maternal vitamin E intake during pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma and a trial is required to test whether increasing maternal vitamin E intake reduces childhood asthma. This study investigated whether such a trial is possible using food to increase vitamin E intake. Three soup varieties with enhanced vitamin E content (16–19 mg/can) from food ingredients were developed. Near identical retail versions (vitamin E 1–4 mg/can) acted as placebo. In a pilot double‐blind randomized controlled trial, pregnant women were randomized 1:1 to enhanced or placebo soups (three tins/week) from 12 weeks gestation to delivery. Vitamin E intake was quantified at 12, 20, and 34 weeks gestation. Qualitative interviews were conducted. 59 women were randomized (29 enhanced, 30 placebo), 28 completed the trial, (15 enhanced, 13 placebo). In women completing the trial, vitamin E intake of the placebo group remained unchanged; 7.09 mg/d (95% CI 5.41–8.77) at 12 weeks, 6.41 mg/d (5.07–7.75) at 20 weeks, and 6.67 mg/d (5.38–7.96) at 34 weeks gestation; vitamin E intake of the enhanced group increased from 6.50 mg/d (5.21–7.79) at 12 weeks to 14.9 mg/d (13.3–16.4) at 20 weeks and 15.2 mg/d (12.9–17.5) at 34 weeks, P < 0.001. Qualitative interviewing provided clear guidance on improving adherence. Although 31 women withdrew at median 19 weeks gestation (interquartile range 16–25), the intervention was consumed by women for 80% of weeks between 12 and 34 weeks gestation and for 63% of weeks between 12 weeks gestation and delivery. In a pilot double‐blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) it is possible to increase maternal vitamin E intake using food ingredients, a further food product is required to improve adherence.
Removal of chemicals of concern by high rate nitrifying trickling filters
Authors: Mai Lei , van den Akker Ben , Du Jun , Kookana Rai , Fallowfield Howard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) is a process commonly used in wastewater treatment to remove ammonia. What is less clear is its ability to remove emerging organic contaminants. This study evaluated the potential of NTF to remove eight trace organic chemicals of concern (CoCs), with initial concentration of caffeine, bisphenol A, benzotriazole, trimethoprim and acetaminophen 1 mg L−1, atrazine 2 mg L−1, 17α‐ethynylestradiol 5 mg L−1 and N, N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide 10 mg L−1, using a laboratory‐scale NTF system. The impact of initial nitrification rate on chemicals' removal and the impact of chemicals on nitrification rate were investigated.RESULTSThe removal efficiency of a recirculating NTF for CoC removal was in the following order: caffeine (98%) > acetaminophen and N, N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (58.6%) > atrazine (48.7%) > 17α‐ethynylestradiol (48.3%) > benzotriazole (42.8%) > bisphenol A (26.2%) > trimethoprim (17.9%). In NTFs, biodegradation was the dominant process. In this study, the removal of caffeine was found to be the most effective, and removal of trimethoprim the least. The removal efficiency of most chemicals increased, except for benzotriazole, with increasing nitrification. The presence of CoCs might negatively affect nitrification in NTFs.CONCLUSIONThe research demonstrated that recirculating high rate NTF is potentially an efficient approach for removal of trace organic contaminants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Brain metastases detection on MR by means of three‐dimensional tumor‐appearance template matching
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Úrsula , Arana Estanislao , Moratal David 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a method for an automatic detection of brain metastases in MR images.Materials and MethodsNineteen patients were scanned using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. Two radiologists and a radiation oncologist marked the location of the brain metastases. The training group consisted of eight patients harboring 20 metastases. First, three‐dimensional (3D) tumor‐appearance templates were cross‐correlated with MR brain images to evaluate their similarity, and a correlation threshold was established for metastasis candidates. Afterward, a method to reduce false positive rate (FPR) was applied: each detected object was segmented and its degree of anisotropy (DA) was obtained, removing the elongated structures with a DA above the optimal value from the receiver operating characteristic curve. Finally, the method was statistically validated in two groups: 11 patients with 42 brain metastases and 11 patients without metastases.ResultsThe method led to a sensitivity of 80% and an FPR per slice of 0.023 and 2.75 per patient in the training group. In the first validation group, a sensitivity of 88.10% and an FPR per slice of 0.05 corresponding to 6.91 false positives per patient were obtained. DA implementation decreased 3.5 times FPR compared with templates alone. It improved the radiologist's performance in metastases less than 10 mm from 89–93% to 100%. In the second validation group the FPR was 0.04 per slice and 5.18 per patient.ConclusionThis method demonstrates that 3D template matching applying DA technique has high sensitivity and low FPR for detecting brain metastases in MR images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:642–652.
Optimal sizing and design of CMOS analogue amplifier circuits using craziness‐based particle swarm optimization
Authors: Mallick S. , Kar R. , Ghoshal S. P. , Mandal D. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper presents the optimal designs of two analogue complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) amplifier circuits, namely differential amplifier with current mirror load and two‐stage operational amplifier. A modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), called Craziness‐based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO) technique is applied to minimize the total MOS area of the designed circuits. CRPSO is a highly modified version of conventional PSO, which adopts a number of random variables and has a better and faster exploration and exploitation capability in the multidimensional search space. Integration of craziness factor in the fundamental velocity term of PSO not only brings diversity in particles but also pledges convergence close to global best solution. The proposed CRPSO‐based circuit optimization technique is reassured to be free from the intrinsic disadvantages of premature convergence and stagnation, unlike Differential Evolution (DE), Harmony Search (HS), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The simulation results achieved for the two analogue CMOS amplifier circuits establish the efficacy of the proposed CRPSO‐based approach over those of DE, HS, ABC and PSO in terms of convergence haste, design conditions and design goals. The optimally designed analogue CMOS amplifier circuits occupy the least MOS area and show the best performance parameters like gain and power dissipation, in compared with the other reported literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy to Treat Symptoms Following Trauma in Timor Leste
Authors: Schubert Sarah J. , Lee Christopher W. , de Araujo Guilhermina , Butler Susan R. , Taylor Graham , Drummond Peter D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for treating trauma symptoms was examined in a postwar/conflict, developing nation, Timor Leste. Participants were 21 Timorese adults with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), assessed as those who scored ≥2 on the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Participants were treated with EMDR therapy. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Symptom changes post‐EMDR treatment were compared to a stabilization control intervention period in which participants served as their own waitlist control. Sessions were 60–90 mins. The average number of sessions was 4.15 (SD = 2.06). Despite difficulties providing treatment cross‐culturally (i.e., language barriers), EMDR therapy was followed by significant and large reductions in trauma symptoms (Cohen's d = 2.48), depression (d = 2.09), and anxiety (d = 1.77). At posttreatment, 20 (95.2%) participants scored below the HTQ PTSD cutoff of 2. Reliable reductions in trauma symptoms were reported by 18 participants (85.7%) posttreatment and 16 (76.2%) at 3‐month follow‐up. Symptoms did not improve during the control period. Findings support the use of EMDR therapy for treatment of adults with PTSD in a cross‐cultural, postwar/conflict setting, and suggest that structured trauma treatments can be applied in Timor Leste.
Method for the preparation of artificial lake and river waters
Authors: Sugiyama Masahito , Wu Shiqin , Hosoda Ko , Mochizuki Akihito , Hori Toshitaka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe preparation of artificial waters that exactly reflect the actual concentrations of major, minor, and nutrient constituents except for organic matters in natural lake and river waters was studied. Lake and river waters worldwide with near‐neutral pH values were classified into six types from the perspective of preparing their artificial counterparts, and a method for preparing each type has been developed. These methods can be applied to all of the 457 freshwater lakes and rivers worldwide (pH 5.1–8.7) whose major chemical compositions have been reliably determined and published in previous reports. This method is also applicable to saline lakes and rivers with total concentrations of dissolved ions less than 2 g L−1. Storage methods for artificial water were also examined to ensure the concentrations of the constituents are maintained. Autoclaved artificial water stored in an autoclaved container showed good stability for the concentrations of all constituents, even after 30 d of storage under ambient conditions.