bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural arrangement of vesicouterine fistula revisited: An immunohistochemical study documenting the presence of the endometrium
Authors: Jóźwik Maciej , Jóźwik Marcin , Kozłowski Robert , Sulkowski Stanisław , Semczuk Andrzej , Jóźwik Michał 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrevious research has described a woman of reproductive age who presented with a vesicouterine fistula (VUF) of 20 months’ duration. The VUF was lined with a metaplastic glandular epithelium containing both estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in abundance. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the histology of the VUF canal when exposure to urine of the cellular elements within the fistula was of much shorter duration. A 41‐year‐old woman who developed a VUF during her third cesarean section was treated with transvesical fistula excision, electrocoagulation, and subsequent attempted hormonal treatment. Later, the patient underwent open surgery fistula repair. Postoperative specimens were subjected to anatomopathological examination together with immunohistochemical staining for ER and PR using monoclonal anti‐human antibodies. Herein, we present for the first time detailed microscopic evidence that, at two separate timepoints, the fistulous tract was lined with the endometrium, which covered approximately 80% of the length of the VUF canal. In its intermediate segment, the urothelium formed an additional layer on the surface of the endometrium. At both timepoints, in the columnar epithelial and stromal endometrial cells lining the fistula, both ER and PR were present in abundance. In conclusion, VUF in subjects of reproductive age fulfill criteria for endometriosis. This study provides a rationale for the conservative treatment of VUF consistent with the hormonal treatment of endometriosis.
Pregnant outcomes of atypical polypoid adenomyoma treated with progestin therapy
Authors: Chen Qin , Lu Weiguo , Lu Bingjian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the long‐term clinical and pregnancy outcome in patients with atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) after hysteroscopic excision.MethodsWe analyzed the clinicopathological features, including pregnancy outcomes, in 10 APA patients who had been treated with hysteroscopic excision of the lesion and progesterone therapy.ResultsThe patients were all nulliparous, and nine had been clinically diagnosed as infertile. There were five patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia at the time of initial diagnosis, two of them had had recurrence of complex hyperplasia, and there was another one who had had complex hyperplasia 18 months after initial diagnosis. The patients had been treated with polypectomy under hysteroscopy and a long‐term progestin therapy. They had achieved complete regression, but four had a recurrent or persistent disease. Two patients had eventually undergone hysterectomy due to endometrial carcinoma at 102 months (patient 2) or persisting complex atypical hyperplasia at 131 months (patient 5) after initial diagnosis. All patients were alive with no evidence of disease during a follow‐up period of 19–145 months. Seven patients had succeeded in pregnancy with nine live births. Three pregnancies had been achieved by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.ConclusionFertility‐sparing surgery under hysteroscopy with progesterone therapy and appropriate assistant reproduction technology is an alternative option for young APA patients. However, close follow‐up is required for these patients.
Boosting nationalism with non‐nationalist ideology: A comparative biographical analysis of the Chinese communist revolutionaries
Authors: Zhou Luyang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article conducts a comparative biographical analysis to explain why the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) revolutionaries used non‐nationalist Marxism to boost a nationalist movement. It argues that these people, based on their own observations of the precommunist Chinese nationalism, thought that China lacked structural conditions for making a solid nationalist movement such as cultural homogeneity, mass literacy, and a shared pride in modern history. They thus turned to seek a non‐national ideology that could still fulfil the functions of integrating leading elites, mobilizing the masses, and motivating the patriots themselves. Then, to explain why the CCP leaders particularly adopted Marxism, this article draws comparison with the Kuomintang (non‐communist nationalists) elites who advocated for more patience and insistence to develop regular nationalism. The comparison shows that the CCP's impatient jump stemmed from their disadvantaged backgrounds that had limited their ideological horizon: lower‐class origins, narrow overseas experiences, poor education, and weak attachment to traditional culture. To pre‐existing literature, this article makes three contributions: (1) provides a more detailed interpretation of the CCP's diagnosis of Chinese nationalism; (2) explains why the same structural dilemmas produced nationalist and non‐nationalist responses alike; and (3) draws a biographical database of the CCP and the Kuomintang.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: non‐invasive detection of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease related fibrosis in the obese
Authors: Ooi G. J. , Mgaieth S. , Eslick G. D. , Burton P. R. , Kemp W. W. , Roberts S. K. , Brown W. A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant disease burden in obesity. Liver fibrosis is an important prognostic factor in NAFLD, and detection is vital. The pathophysiological changes of obesity can alter the accuracy of non‐invasive NAFLD tests. We aimed to review current evidence for common non‐invasive tests for NAFLD‐related fibrosis in obesity.MethodsWe systematically searched for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of 11 biomarker panels and elastography techniques for NAFLD‐related fibrosis in obesity. Meta‐analyses were performed where possible.ResultsThirty‐eight studies were identified assessing the selected tests in obese populations. Simple biomarker panels (e.g. NAFLD fibrosis score) were the most validated. Evidence showed better accuracy of complex biomarker panels (NAFLD fibrosis score: summary receiver operator characteristic [SROC] 0.795–0.813 vs. enhanced liver fibrosis: SROC 0.962); however, these were poorly validated in obesity. Elastography techniques were better studied and had high diagnostic accuracy (transient elastography: SROC 0.859; magnetic resonance elastography: SROC 0.965) but were limited by BMI‐dependent failure. Limited evidence was found to validate the accuracy of any test in exclusively obese populations.ConclusionIn obese subjects, complex biomarker panels and elastography have been reasonable to good accuracy for NAFLD‐related fibrosis; however, these methods have not been well validated. Further study in this high‐risk population is needed.
D‐tyrosine negatively regulates melanin synthesis by competitively inhibiting tyrosinase activity
Authors: Park Jisu , Jung Hyejung , Kim Kyuri , Lim Kyung‐Min , Kim Ji‐young , Jho Eek‐hoon , Oh Eok‐Soo 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAlthough L‐tyrosine is well known for its melanogenic effect, the contribution of D‐tyrosine to melanin synthesis was previously unexplored. Here, we reveal that, unlike L‐tyrosine, D‐tyrosine dose‐dependently reduced the melanin contents of human MNT‐1 melanoma cells and primary human melanocytes. In addition, 500 μM of D‐tyrosine completely inhibited 10 μM L‐tyrosine‐induced melanogenesis, and both in vitro assays and L‐DOPA staining MNT‐1 cells showed that tyrosinase activity is reduced by D‐tyrosine treatment. Thus, D‐tyrosine appears to inhibit L‐tyrosine‐mediated melanogenesis by competitively inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, we found that D‐tyrosine inhibited melanogenesis induced by α‐MSH treatment or UV irradiation, which are the most common environmental factors responsible for melanin synthesis. Finally, we confirmed that D‐tyrosine reduced melanin synthesis in the epidermal basal layer of a 3D human skin model. Taken together, these data suggest that D‐tyrosine negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity in melanocyte‐derived cells.
Effects of body condition score (BCS) on steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzyme activity in various mare tissues during winter anoestrus
Authors: Owen MPT , Ferjak EN , Cavinder CA , McCarty KJ , Yankey KC , Hart CG , Burnett DD , Dinh TTN , Lemley CO 
Published: November 2017

ContentsThe objective of this study was to determine the activity of steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzymes in horses with varying BCSs. The BCSs of twenty non‐pregnant, anoestrous mares were determined prior to euthanasia, and tissue samples were collected from the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, ovary and endometrium. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), 2C (CYP2C), 3A (CYP3A) and uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities were determined using luminogenic substrates. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to test the effect of BCS on enzyme activity and differences between tissues. Activity of CYP1A in adrenals was increased (p ≤ .05) in BCS 5 versus BCSs 4 and 6. Activity of CYP1A in the liver was increased (p = .05) in BCS 4 versus BCSs 5 and 6. Activity of CYP1A was 100‐fold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the adrenal, ovary and kidney. Activity of CYP2C was 100‐fold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the adrenal, ovary and endometrium. Activity of CYP3A was only detectable in the liver. Activity of UGT in the kidney was decreased (p = .02) in BCS 4 versus BCSs 5 and 6. Activity of UGT was threefold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the kidney, whereas activity of UGT was ninefold greater (p < .0001) in the kidney than in the ovary and endometrium. In general, BCS did not alter the activity of steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzymes in horses. However, tissue differences in these enzymes indicated abundant hepatic metabolism in horses, which is similar to other livestock species.
Perceptions and Expected Immediate Reactions to Severe Storm Displays
Authors: Jon Ihnji , Huang Shih‐Kai , Lindell Michael K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe National Weather Service has adopted warning polygons that more specifically indicate the risk area than its previous county‐wide warnings. However, these polygons are not defined in terms of numerical strike probabilities (ps). To better understand people's interpretations of warning polygons, 167 participants were shown 23 hypothetical scenarios in one of three information conditions—polygon‐only (Condition A), polygon + tornadic storm cell (Condition B), and polygon + tornadic storm cell + flanking nontornadic storm cells (Condition C). Participants judged each polygon's ps and reported the likelihood of taking nine different response actions. The polygon‐only condition replicated the results of previous studies; ps was highest at the polygon's centroid and declined in all directions from there. The two conditions displaying storm cells differed from the polygon‐only condition only in having ps just as high at the polygon's edge nearest the storm cell as at its centroid. Overall, ps values were positively correlated with expectations of continuing normal activities, seeking information from social sources, seeking shelter, and evacuating by car. These results indicate that participants make more appropriate ps judgments when polygons are presented in their natural context of radar displays than when they are presented in isolation. However, the fact that ps judgments had moderately positive correlations with both sheltering (a generally appropriate response) and evacuation (a generally inappropriate response) suggests that experiment participants experience the same ambivalence about these two protective actions as people threatened by actual tornadoes.
Short‐term effects of in‐row subsoiling and simultaneous admixing of organic material on growth of spring barley (H. vulgare)
Authors: Jakobs I. , Schmittmann O. , Schulze Lammers P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that deep tillage, so‐called subsoiling, is beneficial for yield development, and that tillage of deeper soil layers can promote water and nutrient availability during dry periods. The application of composts to the topsoil has been widely studied and evaluated, and it has been shown to improve soil stability and plant N uptake. These effects can differ over time depending on the compost type. Since dry periods have become more frequent, sustainable soil tillage and fertilizer practices must be developed. A combination of deep soil tillage and compost application might be a way to ensure proper plant supply during dry periods. Therefore, a field experiment on spring barley growth was carried out to evaluate the short‐term effects of in‐row subsoiling with simultaneous admixing of compost. Two types of composts and one organic fertilizer (Bio: decomposed organic waste, Green: decomposed green cuttings and CM: cattle manure) were admixed into the subsoil, and a control treatment received single deep loosening (DL) to a depth of 0.6 m. Yield development, yield parameters and grain quality were analysed and showed that the DL and Bio treatments resulted in the highest yields, and a significantly increased ear density and number of kernels. The TKW (100‐kernel weight) of the CM treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments. In all treatments, a clear trend of decreasing yields with increasing distance from the subsoil tillage was observed. Thus a subsoil tillage every meter can increase overall yield development and offers a new perspective for sustainable crop production.
Thermochronological insights into the structural contact between the Tian Shan and Pamirs, Tajikistan
Authors: Jepson Gilby , Glorie Stijn , Konopelko Dmitry , Gillespie Jack , Danišík Martin , Evans Noreen J. , Mamadjanov Yunus , Collins Alan S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMulti‐method thermochronology along the Vakhsh‐Surkhob fault zone reveals the thermotectonic history of the South Tian Shan–Pamirs boundary. Apatite U/Pb analyses yield a consistent age of 251 ± 2 Ma, corresponding to cooling below ~550–350°C, related to the final closure of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean and contemporaneous magmatism in the South Tian Shan. Zircon (U–Th–Sm)/He ages constrain cooling below ~180°C to the end of the Triassic (~200 Ma), likely related either to deformation induced by the Qiangtang collision or to the closure of the Rushan Ocean. Apatite fission track thermochronology reveals two low‐temperature (<120°C) thermal events at ~25 Ma and ~10 Ma, which may be correlated with tectonic activity at the distant southern Eurasian margin. The late Miocene cooling is confirmed by apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He data and marks the onset of mountain building within the South Tian Shan that is ongoing today.
Temperature cycling during platelet cold storage improves in vivo recovery and survival in healthy volunteers
Authors: Vostal Jaroslav G. , Gelderman Monique P. , Skripchenko Andrey , Xu Fei , Li Ying , Ryan Johannah , Cheng Chunrong , Whitley Pam , Wellington Michael , Sawyer Sherrie , Hanley Shalene , Wagner Stephen J. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDRoom temperature (RT) storage of platelets (PLTs) can support bacterial proliferation in contaminated units, which can lead to transfusion‐transmitted septic reactions. Cold temperature storage of PLTs could reduce bacterial proliferation but cold exposure produces activation‐like changes in PLTs and leads to their rapid clearance from circulation. Cold‐induced changes are reversible by warming and periodic rewarming during cold storage (temperature cycling [TC]) has been proposed to alleviate cold‐induced reduction in PLT circulation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA clinical trial in healthy human volunteers was designed to compare in vivo recovery, survival, and area under the curve (AUC) of radiolabeled autologous apheresis PLTs stored for 7 days at RT or under TC or cold conditions. Paired comparisons of RT versus TC and TC versus cold PLTs were conducted.RESULTSRoom temperature PLTs had in vivo recovery of 55.7 ± 13.9%, survival of 161.3 ± 28.8 hours, and AUC of 5031.2 ± 1643.3. TC PLTs had recovery of 42.6 ± 16.4%, survival of 48.1 ± 14.4% hours, and AUC of 1331.3 ± 910.2 (n = 12, p < 0.05). In a separate paired comparison, cold PLTs had recovery of 23.1 ± 8.8%, survival of 33.7 ± 14.7 hours, and AUC of 540.2 ± 229.6 while TC PLTs had recovery of 36.5 ± 12.9%, survival of 49.0 ± 17.3 hours, and AUC of 1164.3 ± 622.2 (n = 4, AUC had p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONTC storage for 7 days produced PLTs with better in vivo circulation kinetics than cold storage but is not equivalent to RT storage.
Unchanged mitochondrial phenotype, but accumulation of lipids in the myometrium in obese pregnant women
Authors: Gam Christiane Marie Bourgin Folke , Larsen Lea Hüche , Mortensen Ole Hartvig , Engelbrechtsen Line , Poulsen Steen Seier , Qvortrup Klaus , Mathiesen Elisabeth Reinhart , Damm Peter , Quistorff Bjørn 
Published: November 2017

Key points
Obesity during pregnancy and childbirth is associated with labour dystocia leading to instrumental or operative delivery, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear and insufficient uterine contractility has been suggested.
This study examined whether reduced myometrial mitochondrial capacity or quantity could contribute as a pathophysiological mechanism to labour dystocia.
Data did not support reduced myometrial mitochondrial capacity or quantity in the myometrium at term in obese women, but a reduced myocyte density with increased triglyceride content was demonstrated, which could lead to poorer uterine contractility.
These results add to the understanding of systemic effects of obesity, placing also the myometrium at term as an affected non‐adipose tissue.
AbstractObesity is known to increase the risk of labour dystocia and insufficient energy supply, due to reduced mitochondrial capacity or quantity, could be a possible mechanism leading to reduced efficiency of uterine contractility during labour. In the present study of 36 women having an elective Caesarean section at term, obesity did not change mitochondrial phenotype in the myometrial myocyte obtained from uterine biopsies taken at delivery. Respiration rates in isolated mitochondria were unaffected by obesity. No indication of reduced content, investigated by quantification of the complexes of the respiratory chain, or altered regulation, examined by myometrial mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammation, was detected. Yet we found increased myometrial triglyceride content in the obese group (2.39 ± 0.26 vs. 1.56 ± 0.20 mm, P = 0.024), while protein content and citrate synthase activity per gram wet weight myometrium were significantly lower in the obese (109.2 ± 7.2 vs. 139.4 ± 5.6 mg g−1, P = 0.002, and 24.8 ± 1.0 vs. 29.6 ± 1.4 U g−1 wet wt, P = 0.008, respectively). These differences were substantiated by our histological findings where staining for nuclei, cytoplasm, glycogen and collagen supported the idea of a smaller muscle content in the myometrium in obese women. In conclusion no indication of myometrial mitochondrial dysfunction in the isolated state was found, but the observed increase of lipid content might play a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms behind labour dystocia in obese women.
A Stabilization of Fixed Gain Controlled Infinite Dimensional Systems by Augmentation With Direct Adaptive Control
Authors: Balas Mark J. , Frost Susan A. 
Published: November 2017

Linear infinite dimensional systems are described by a closed, densely defined linear operator that generates a continuous semigroup of bounded operators on a general Hilbert space of states and are controlled via a finite number of actuators and sensors. Many distributed applications are included in this formulation, such as large flexible aerospace structures, adaptive optics, diffusion reactions, smart electric power grids, and quantum information systems. We have developed the following stability result: an infinite dimensional linear system is Almost Strictly Dissipative (ASD) if and only if its high frequency gain CB is symmetric and positive definite and the open loop system is minimum phase, i.e. its transmission zeros are all exponentially stable.
In this paper, we focus on infinite dimensional linear systems for which a fixed gain linear infinite or finite dimensional controller is already in place. It is usually true that fixed gain controllers are designed for particular applications but these controllers may not be able to stabilize the plant under all variations in the operating domain. Therefore we propose to augment this fixed gain controller with a relatively simple direct adaptive controller that will maintain stability of the full closed loop system over a much larger domain of operation. This can ensure that a flexible structure controller based on a reduced order model will still maintain closed-loop stability in the presence of unmodeled system dynamics. The augmentation approach is also valuable to reduce risk in loss of control situations.
First we show that the transmission zeros of the augmented infinite dimensional system are the open loop plant transmission zeros and the eigenvalues (or poles) of the fixed gain controller. So when the open-loop plant transmission zeros are exponentially stable, the addition of any stable fixed gain controller does not alter the stability of the transmission zeros. Therefore the combined plant plus controller is ASD and the closed loop stability when the direct adaptive controller augments this combined system is retained. Consequently direct adaptive augmentation of controlled linear infinite dimensional systems can produce robust stabilization even when the fixed gain controller is based on approximation of the original system. These results are illustrated by application to a general infinite dimensional model described by nuclear operators with compact resolvent which are representative of distributed parameter models of mechanically flexible structures. with a reduced order model based controller and adaptive augmentation.