bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial Electromechanical Properties in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Efe Tolga Han , Cimen Tolga , Ertem Ahmet Goktug , Coskun Yusuf , Bilgin Murat , Sahan Haluk Furkan , Pamukcu Hilal Erken , Yayla Cagri , Sunman Hamza , Yuksel Ilhami , Yeter Ekrem 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThere is much evidence linking inflammation to the initiation and continuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic systemic inflammatory disorders. Atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) has been known as an early marker of AF. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the atrial electromechanical properties in patients with IBD.MethodsFifty‐two patients with IBD and 26 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Twenty‐five of patients with IBD were on active period, and the remaining 27 were on remission period. Atrial electromechanical properties were measured by using transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging and simultaneous surface ECG recording. Interatrial EMD, left intraatrial EMD, and right intraatrial EMD were calculated.ResultsPatients on activation with IBD had significantly prolonged left and right intraatrial EMDs and interatrial EMD compared to patients on remission (P = 0.048, P = 0.036, P < 0.001, respectively) and healthy controls (P < 0.001, for all comparisons). Left and right intraatrial EMDs and interatrial EMD were also found to be higher when patients on remission with IBD compared with healthy controls. No statistical difference was observed between UC and CD in terms of inter‐ and intraatrial EMDs.ConclusionsAtrial electromechanical conduction is prolonged in IBD, and exposure to chronic inflammation may lead to structural and electrophysiological changes in the atrial tissue that causes slow conduction. Measurement of atrial EMD parameters might be used to predict the risk for the development of AF in patients with IBD.
Long‐term complication in follicular lymphoma: assessing the risk of secondary neoplasm in 242 patients treated or not with 90‐yttrium‐ibritumomab‐tiuxetan
Authors: Andrade‐Campos Marcio Miguel , Liévano Paola , Espinosa‐Lara Natalia , Soro‐Alcubierre Gloria , Grasa‐Ulrich José María , López‐Gómez Luis , Baringo Teresa , Giraldo Pilar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients have a 25% increased risk of secondary primary neoplasms (SPNs). Regarding the controversy about the increased risk of SPN in patients exposed to radioimmunotherapy (RIT), we have analyzed this issue in a cohort of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients treated with/without RIT.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study including all consecutive FL patients diagnosed since 2001 was performed. Demographic, clinical data including the incidence of any kind of neoplasm (excluding basocellular skin carcinoma) were recorded.ResultsA total of 242 patients were registered, male/female: 103/139, mean age: 59.9 yr (15–86), stage IV (57.8%), and Follicular Lymphoma Prognostic Index (FLIPI) low‐risk (62.15%) predominance. Ninety‐six patients (39.7%) were treated with 90Y‐IT. The median follow‐up for patients treated or not with 90Y‐IT was 61 (8–273) and 38 (1–171) months. With respect to SPN incidence, 38 (15.6%) patients have at least two cancers, in 17 (44.7%), FL was the SPN; for the rest (226), the global incidence of SPNs was 9.3% (21), but there were no differences related to the exposition or not to 90Y‐IT (P = 0.26). In seven patients, more than two (2–6) different therapies were registered; four were exposed to fludarabine‐based therapy, three to radiotherapy and two to autologous stem‐cell transplantation, and in the RIT cohort, two patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome.ConclusionThis is one of the largest single institution reports assessing the risk of SPN in FL patients treated (96) or not (146) with 90Y‐IT. It seems that 90Y‐IT does not increase significantly the risk of SPN but avoiding its use after fludarabine and other intense cytotoxic schemes is recommended.
Nanotherapy silencing the interleukin‐8 gene produces regression of prostate cancer by inhibition of angiogenesis
Authors: Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Nair Bindukumar , Chen Chih‐Kuang , Mahajan Supriya D. , Reynolds Jessica L. , Zhang Hanguang , Sun Haotian , Sykes Donald E. , Chadha Kailash C. , Turowski Steven G. , Bothwell Katelyn D. , Seshadri Mukund , Cheng Chong , Schwartz Stanley A. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is a pro‐angiogenic cytokine associated with aggressive prostate cancer (CaP). We detected high levels of IL‐8 in sera from patients with CaP compared with healthy controls and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. This study examines the role of IL‐8 in the pathogenesis of metastatic prostate cancer. We developed a biocompatible, cationic polylactide (CPLA) nanocarrier to complex with and efficiently deliver IL‐8 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to CaP cells in vitro and in vivo. CPLA IL‐8 siRNA nanocomplexes (nanoplexes) protect siRNA from rapid degradation, are non‐toxic, have a prolonged lifetime in circulation, and their net positive charge facilitates penetration of cell membranes and subsequent intracellular trafficking. Administration of CPLA IL‐8 siRNA nanoplexes to immunodeficient mice bearing human CaP tumours produced significant antitumour activities with no adverse effects. Systemic (intravenous) or local intra‐tumour administration of IL‐8 siRNA nanoplexes resulted in significant inhibition of CaP growth. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography of experimental animals demonstrated reduction of tumour perfusion in vivo following nanoplex treatment. Staining of tumour sections for CD31 confirmed significant damage to tumour neovasculature after nanoplex therapy. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of IL‐8 siRNA nanotherapy for advanced, treatment‐resistant human CaP.
Participative mental health consumer research for improving physical health care: An integrative review
Authors: Happell Brenda , Ewart Stephanie B. , Platania‐Phung Chris , Stanton Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPeople with mental illness have a significantly lower life expectancy and higher rates of chronic physical illnesses than the general population. Health care system reform to improve access and quality is greatly needed to address this inequity. The inclusion of consumers of mental health services as co‐investigators in research is likely to enhance service reform. In light of this, the current paper reviews mental health consumer focussed research conducted to date, addressing the neglect of physical health in mental health care and initiatives with the aim of improving physical health care. The international literature on physical healthcare in the context of mental health services was searched for articles, including mental health consumers in research roles, via Medline, CINAHL and Google Scholar, in October 2015. Four studies where mental health consumers participated as researchers were identified. Three studies involved qualitative research on barriers and facilitators to physical health care access, and a fourth study on developing technologies for more effective communication between GPs and patients. This review found that participatory mental health consumer research in physical health care reform has only become visible in the academic literature in 2015. Heightened consideration of mental health consumer participation in research is required by health care providers and researchers. Mental health nurses can provide leadership in increasing mental health consumer research on integrated care directed towards reducing the health gap between people with and without mental illness.
Constraints on geographic variation in fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae: Uca) from the western Atlantic
Authors: Hopkins M. J. , Haber A. , Thurman C. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA key question in evolutionary biology is how intraspecific variation biases the evolution of a population and its divergence from other populations. Such constraints potentially limit the extent to which populations respond to selection, but may endure long enough to have macroevolutionary consequences. Previous studies have focused on the association between covariation patterns and divergence among isolated populations. Few have focused on geographic variation among semi‐connected populations, however, even though this may be indicative of early selective pressures that could lead to long‐term divergence and speciation. Here, we test whether covariation in the shape of the carapace of fiddler crabs (genus Uca Leach, 1814) is important for structuring geographic variation. We find that morphological divergence among populations is associated with evolvability in the direction of divergence in only a few species. The shape of the ancestral covariation matrix in these species differs from other species in having notably more variation concentrated along fewer directions (i.e. higher eccentricity). For most species, there is some evidence that covariation has constrained the range of directions into which populations have diverged but not the degree of divergence. These results suggest that even though fiddler crab populations have diverged morphologically in directions predicted by covariation, constraints on the extent to which divergence has occurred may only be manifested in species where variation patterns are eccentric enough to limit populations’ ability to respond effectively in many directions.
Combining gradient ascent search and support vector machines for effective autofocus of a field emission–scanning electron microscope
Authors: DEMBÉLÉ S. , LEHMANN O. , MEDJAHER K. , MARTURI N. , PIAT N. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAutofocus is an important issue in electron microscopy, particularly at high magnification. It consists in searching for sharp image of a specimen, that is corresponding to the peak of focus. The paper presents a machine learning solution to this issue. From seven focus measures, support vector machines fitting is used to compute the peak with an initial guess obtained from a gradient ascent search, that is search in the direction of higher gradient of focus. The solution is implemented on a Carl Zeiss Auriga FE‐SEM with a three benchmark specimen and magnification ranging from x300 to x160 000. Based on regularized nonlinear least squares optimization, the solution overtakes the literature nonregularized search and Fibonacci search methods: accuracy improvement ranges from 1.25 to 8 times, fidelity improvement ranges from 1.6 to 28 times, and speed improvement ranges from 1.5 to 4 times. Moreover, the solution is practical by requiring only an off‐line easy automatic train with cross‐validation of the support vector machines.
Registered Nurses: The Curious Case of a Persistent Shortage
Authors: Johnson William G. , Butler Richard , Harootunian Gevork , Wilson Barbara , Linan Margaret 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo better understand the apparent persistent shortage of registered nurses (RNs), including both aggregate trends and cyclical responses.DesignWe examine the employment of RNs over variations in economic activity, employing national aggregate and unique micro‐population data on nurses in Arizona.MethodsThese data, including our unique, ongoing survey of nurses in Arizona, enable a systematic examination of the cyclical demand for hospital care and institutional responses to that demand in the nursing market by employing multivariate regressions.FindingsDemand for hospital nursing care increases rapidly during the early years of recessions, moderating as the economy improves. Hospitals initially employ more temporary nurses, then reduce temporary hires by shifting employed RNs from part time to full time while also adding RNs not previously employed in hospitals. The substitution of regularly employed RNs for temporary nurses reflects the need to reduce staffing costs to offset increases in uncompensated care.ConclusionsThe increased supply of nurses came from delayed retirements, higher relative hospital wages (inducing nurses in other sectors to return to hospitals), and added‐worker effects. Additional nursing hours were drawn from a pool of RNs who were not employed in health care.Clinical RelevanceThese results strongly suggest that correctly aligned incentives could reduce RN shortages without waiting for another recession.
ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER? BEHAVIOURAL AND INCENTIVE POLICIES FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kirakozian Ankinée 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper provides a review of economic studies that analyses the use of multiple policies to cope with waste management problems. We discuss the factors that influence selective sorting behaviour, and the most appropriate policies for their promotion. Based on the works analysed, our survey shows the original features of waste as an environmental problem requiring regulation. The traditional approach in which decisions respond to rational behaviour, particularly cost savings, has some limits. Although not all public policies seem justified, we argue that there might be a need for specific policies to promote recycling, preferably based on the provision of information to consumers or on behavioural instruments. Indeed, personal factors specific to each individual – such as emotions and the influence of social interaction – should be taken into account in the development of public policies. We review the literature related to different rationales and identify some avenues for future research.
Melatonin attenuates neuronal apoptosis through up‐regulation of K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2 expression following traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Wu Haijian , Shao Anwen , Zhao Mingfei , Chen Sheng , Yu Jun , Zhou Jingyi , Liang Feng , Shi Ligen , Dixon Brandon J. , Wang Zhen , Ling Chenhan , Hong Yuan , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a complex cascade of neurochemical and signaling changes that leads to neuronal apoptosis, which contributes to poor outcomes for patients with TBI. The neuron‐specific K+–Cl− cotransporter‐2 (KCC2), the principal Cl− extruder in adult neurons, plays an important role in Cl− homeostasis and neuronal function. This present study was designed to investigate the expression pattern of KCC2 following TBI and to evaluate whether or not melatonin is able to prevent neuronal apoptosis by modulating KCC2 expression in a Sprague Dawley rat controlled cortical impact model of TBI. The time course study showed decreased mRNA and protein expression of KCC2 in the ipsilateral peri‐core parietal cortex after TBI. Double immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that KCC2 is located in the plasma membrane of neurons. In addition, melatonin (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 5 minutes and repeated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after brain trauma, and brain samples were extracted 24 hours after TBI. Compared to the vehicle group, melatonin treatment altered the down‐regulation of KCC2 expression in both mRNA and protein levels after TBI. Also, melatonin treatment increased the protein levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK). Simultaneously, melatonin administration ameliorated cortical neuronal apoptosis, reduced brain edema, and attenuated neurological deficits after TBI. In conclusion, our findings suggested that melatonin restores KCC2 expression, inhibits neuronal apoptosis and attenuates secondary brain injury after TBI, partially through activation of BDNF/ERK pathway.
Scaling leaf respiration with nitrogen and phosphorus in tropical forests across two continents
Authors: Rowland Lucy , Zaragoza‐Castells Joana , Bloomfield Keith J. , Turnbull Matthew H. , Bonal Damien , Burban Benoit , Salinas Norma , Cosio Eric , Metcalfe Daniel J. , Ford Andrew , Phillips Oliver L. , Atkin Owen K. , Meir Patrick 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) represents an important component controlling the carbon balance in tropical forests. Here, we test how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) affect Rdark and its relationship with photosynthesis using three widely separated tropical forests which differ in soil fertility.

Rdark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Guiana, Peru and Australia. The variation in Rdark was examined in relation to leaf N and P content, leaf structure and maximum photosynthetic rates at ambient and saturating atmospheric CO2 concentration.

We found that the site with the lowest fertility (French Guiana) exhibited greater rates of Rdark per unit leaf N, P and photosynthesis. The data from Australia, for which there were no phylogenetic overlaps with the samples from the South American sites, yielded the most distinct relationships of Rdark with the measured leaf traits.

Our data indicate that no single universal scaling relationship accounts for variation in Rdark across this large biogeographical space. Variability between sites in the absolute rates of Rdark and the Rdark : photosynthesis ratio were driven by variations in N‐ and P‐use efficiency, which were related to both taxonomic and environmental variability.
Accuracy of PSA Self‐Reports among Low‐Income Men with Prostate Cancer after a Public Health Nursing Intervention
Authors: Zavala Mary Wassel , Yule Arthur , Kwan Lorna , Lambrechts Sylvia , Maliski Sally L. , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo examine accuracy of patient‐reported prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels among indigent, uninsured men in a state‐funded prostate cancer treatment program that provides case management, care coordination, and health education.Design and SampleProgram evaluation. About 114 men with matched self‐ and lab‐reported PSA levels at program enrollment and another time point within 18 months.MeasuresAbstraction of self‐ and lab‐reported PSA levels to determine self‐report as “accurate” or “inaccurate,” and evaluate accuracy change over time, before and after nursing interventions. Chi‐square tests compared patients with accurate versus inaccurate PSA values. Nonlinear multivariate analyses explored trends in self‐reported accuracy over time.InterventionProgram enrollees receive prostate cancer education from a Nurse Case Manager (NCM), including significance of PSA levels. Men self‐report PSA results to their NCM following lab draws and appointments. The NCM provides ongoing education about PSA levels.ResultsOf the sample, 46% (n = 53) accurately reported PSA levels. Accuracy of PSA self‐reports improved with increasing time since program enrollment. Compared with men at public facilities, those treated at private facilities showed increasing accuracy in self‐reported PSA (p = .038).ConclusionA targeted nursing intervention may increase specific knowledge of PSA levels. Additionally, the provider/treatment setting significantly impacts a patient's disease education and knowledge.
The interplay of subjective social status and essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging on cortisol reactivity to challenge in older adults
Authors: Weiss David , Weiss Mona 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOlder adults are more likely than younger adults to experience stress when confronted with cognitive challenges. However, little is known about individual differences that might explain why some older adults exhibit stronger stress responses than others. We examined the interplay of two social‐cognitive factors to explain older adults' cortisol reactivity: (1) subjective social status, and (2) essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging. We hypothesized that, depending on whether older adults believe that aging‐related cognitive decline is inevitable versus modifiable, low subjective social status should lead to stronger or weaker cortisol reactivity. Using longitudinal data, we assessed the impact of cognitive challenges on stress reactivity in a sample of older adults (N = 389; 61–86 years). As predicted, regression analyses confirmed that 44 min after cognitively challenging tasks, older adults exhibited a significantly different cortisol reactivity depending on their subjective social status and their essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging. Specifically, older adults with low subjective social status and high essentialist beliefs showed a significantly elevated cortisol reactivity. We discuss the role of essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging to predict when and why high versus low subjective social status leads to stress responses in older adults.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen S Gene is an Effective Carrier Molecule for Developing GnRH DNA Immunocastration Vaccine in Mice
Authors: Han YG , Ye WJ , Liu GQ , Jiang XP , Ijaz N , Zhao JY , Tesema B 
Published: May 2016

ContentsRelatively molecular mass of GnRH antigens is small and hence needs to couple to a large carrier molecule to enhance its immunogenicity. This study investigated whether hepatitis B surface antigen S (HBsAg‐S) gene can be used as an effective carrier molecule for developing GnRH DNA immunocastration vaccine. Two copies of human GnRH gene were fused with HBsAg‐S gene for constructing a recombinant plasmid pVAX‐HBsAg‐S‐2GnRH that coded for 27 kDa target fusion protein. Ten male mice were divided into two equal groups, treatment and control. The vaccine (50 μg/mice) prepared in saline solution was injected into male mice at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 7 of the experiment. Vaccine's efficacy was evaluated in terms of GnRH‐specific IgG antibody response, plasma testosterone levels, testicular weight and extent of the testicular tissue damage. The specific anti‐GnRH antibody titre in vaccinated animals was significantly higher than in controls in only 4th week of immunization (p < 0.05). In addition, vaccinated animals showed lower testicular weight than those of the controls (p < 0.05). Spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules in vaccinated animals was suppressed. In conclusion, in this study, the engineered plasmid to be used as a GnRH DNA vaccine induced antibody response and suppressed spermatogenesis in mice. This suggests that HBsAg‐S gene can be an effective carrier molecule for developing GnRH DNA immunocastration vaccine when relatively molecular mass of the aimed antigens is small.
Dental and dentofacial problems in a female child with Toriello‐Carey ­syndrome: changes in 3 years
Authors: Tirali Resmiye Ebru , İlhan Banu , Şar Çağla , Çehreli Sevi Burçak 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTToriello‐Carey syndrome is a rare disease whose clinical manifestations are midline facial defects, laryngeal and pharyngeal hypoplasia, cardiac defect, and corpus callosum hypoplasia. Literature states that clinical manifestations are more evident in males. This is the second report in the literature which describes the dental and dentofacial ­features in an 8‐year‐old female patient with Toriello‐Carey syndrome.
Serum creatinine elevation after switch to dolutegravir in a human immunodeficiency virus–positive kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Lee D.H. , Malat G.E. , Bias T.E. , Harhay M.N. , Ranganna K. , Doyle A.M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDolutegravir is a preferred antiretroviral drug for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients following solid organ transplantation. It has potent antiretroviral activity and does not interact with calcineurin inhibitors. We describe a case of an HIV‐infected kidney transplant patient, who was noted to have a rising serum creatinine following initiation of dolutegravir. At first, an acute rejection episode was suspected, but this finding was later attributed to inhibition of creatinine secretion by dolutegravir. We suggest that an awareness of this potential effect of dolutegravir is important for providers who take care of HIV‐positive kidney transplant recipients, in order to prevent potentially unnecessary testing.