bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers in mental health service leadership: A systematic review
Authors: Scholz Brett , Gordon Sarah , Happell Brenda 
Published: November 2016

AbstractContemporary mental health policies call for greater involvement of mental health service consumers in all aspects and at all levels of service planning, delivery, and evaluation. The extent to which consumers are part of the decision‐making function of mental health organizations varies. This systematic review synthesizes empirical and review studies published in peer‐reviewed academic journals relating to consumers in leadership roles within mental health organizations. The Cochrane Library, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for articles specifically analysing and discussing consumers’ mental health service leadership. Each article was critically appraised against the inclusion criteria, with 36 articles included in the final review. The findings of the review highlight current understandings of organizational resources and structures in consumer‐led organizations, determinants of leadership involvement, and how consumer leadership interacts with traditional mental health service provision. It appears that organizations might still be negotiating the balance between consumer leadership and traditional structures and systems. The majority of included studies represent research about consumer‐run organizations, with consumer leadership in mainstream mental health organizations being less represented in the literature. Advocates of consumer leadership should focus more on emphasizing how such leadership itself can be a valuable resource for organizations and how this can be better articulated. This review highlights the current gaps in understandings of consumer leadership in mental health, including a need for more research exploring the benefits of consumer leadership for other consumers of services.
Diffusion limited precipitation of alumina in magnesium aluminate spinel
Authors: Miller Jesse Aaron , Reimanis Ivar E. , Miao Weiguo , Sutorik Anthony C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrecipitation of Al2O3 from nonstoichiometric, dense spinel was examined with the intent to design strengthened transparent ceramics. Powders of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO·nAl2O3, with compositions n=1 and 2 were uniaxially hot‐pressed at 1873 K, hot isostatically pressed at 2073 K, and heat treated in air or vacuum at 1573 K for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 hour. It was observed that precipitation of α‐Al2O3 in n=2 material initiated from the surface and progressed to various depths, with greater depths corresponding to treatments in air. The kinetics are shown to be limited by the diffusion of oxygen through the reacted layer. The results reveal that the environment used to densify spinel has a large influence on the evolution of the two phase microstructure during subsequent heat treatment.
Fight or flight? – Flight increases immune gene expression but does not help to fight an infection
Authors: Woestmann L. , Kvist J. , Saastamoinen M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFlight represents a key trait in most insects, being energetically extremely demanding, yet often necessary for foraging and reproduction. Additionally, dispersal via flight is especially important for species living in fragmented landscapes. Even though, based on life‐history theory, a negative relationship may be expected between flight and immunity, a number of previous studies have indicated flight to induce an increased immune response. In this study, we assessed whether induced immunity (i.e. immune gene expression) in response to 15‐min forced flight treatment impacts individual survival of bacterial infection in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). We were able to confirm previous findings of flight‐induced immune gene expression, but still observed substantially stronger effects on both gene expression levels and life span due to bacterial infection compared to flight treatment. Even though gene expression levels of some immunity‐related genes were elevated due to flight, these individuals did not show increased survival of bacterial infection, indicating that flight‐induced immune activation does not completely protect them from the negative effects of bacterial infection. Finally, an interaction between flight and immune treatment indicated a potential trade‐off: flight treatment increased immune gene expression in naïve individuals only, whereas in infected individuals no increase in immune gene expression was induced by flight. Our results suggest that the up‐regulation of immune genes upon flight is based on a general stress response rather than reflecting an adaptive response to cope with potential infections during flight or in new habitats.
Pseudonotohymena antarctica n. g., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), a New Species from Antarctic Soil
Authors: Park Kyung‐Min , Jung Jae‐Ho , Min Gi‐Sik , Kim Sanghee 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new soil ciliate, Pseudonotohymena antarctica n. g., n. sp., from King George Island, Antarctica, is described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, and its 18S rRNA gene. The new genus Pseudonotohymena is morphologically similar to the genus Notohymena Blatterer and Foissner in the following characteristics: 18 fronto‐ventral‐transverse cirri, a flexible body, undulating membranes, dorsomarginal kineties, and the number of cirri in the marginal rows. However, Pseudonotohymena differs from Notohymena particularly in the dorsal ciliature, that is, in possessing a nonfragmented dorsal kinety (vs. fragmented). In addition, the molecular phylogenetic relationship of the new species differs from that of Notohymena species. On the basis of the morphological features, the genetic data, and morphogenesis, we establish P. antarctica n. g., n. sp. In addition, the cyst morphology of this species is described.
Midlife Cognitive Ability, Education, and Tooth Loss in Older Danes
Authors: Bachkati Kristine Harrsen , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Brønnum‐Hansen Henrik , Holm‐Pedersen Poul 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the possible influence of cognitive ability and education at age 50 or 60 on number of teeth at age 70.SettingCommunity‐dwelling population in Copenhagen, Denmark.ParticipantsMen and women born in 1914 (N = 302).MeasurementsCognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at age 50 or 60. A global cognitive ability measure was used as a continuous measure and according to tertile. Information on education was gathered using a questionnaire at age 50 or 60. A clinical oral examination took place at age 70, and oral health was measured according to number of teeth (<6 vs ≥6). Baseline covariates were smoking, alcohol, sex, and income.ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed that greater cognitive ability and educational attainment had a protective effect against risk of tooth loss. The associations were significant and persisted after adjusting for confounders and a two‐way interaction between cognitive ability and education.ConclusionHigher education level and cognitive ability measured at age 50 or 60 were associated with having more teeth at age 70. Whether these findings are due to the interaction of these factors with oral health, related socioeconomic factors, or other factors remains to be studied.
Effect of Reproductive History and Exogenous Hormone Use on Cognitive Function in Mid‐ and Late Life
Authors: Karim Roksana , Dang Ha , Henderson Victor W. , Hodis Howard N. , St. John Jan , Brinton Roberta D. , Mack Wendy J. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between reproductive history indicators of hormonal exposure, including reproductive period, pregnancy, and use of hormonal contraceptives, and mid‐ and late‐life cognition in postmenopausal women.DesignAnalysis of baseline data from two randomized clinical trials: the Women's Isoflavone Soy Health and the Early vs Late Intervention Trial of Estradiol.SettingUniversity academic research center.ParticipantsNaturally menopausal women (N = 830).MeasurementsParticipants were uniformly evaluated using a cognitive battery and a structured reproductive history questionnaire. Outcomes were composite scores for verbal episodic memory, executive function, and global cognition. Reproductive variables included ages at pregnancies, menarche, and menopause; reproductive period; number of pregnancies; and use of hormones for contraception and menopausal symptoms. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations between cognitive scores (dependent variable) and reproductive factors (independent variables), adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, income, and education.ResultsOn multivariable modeling, age at menarche of 13 and older was inversely associated with global cognition (P = .05). Last pregnancy after age 35 was positively associated with verbal memory (P = .03). Use of hormonal contraceptives was positively associated with global cognition (P trend = .04), and verbal memory (P trend = .007). The association between hormonal contraceptive use and verbal memory and executive function was strongest for more than 10 years of use. Reproductive period was positively associated with global cognition (P = .04) and executive function (P = .04).ConclusionIn this sample of healthy postmenopausal women, reproductive life events related to sex hormones, including earlier age at menarche, later age at last pregnancy, longer reproductive period, and use of oral contraceptives are positively related to aspects of cognition in later life.
Integrated Working for Enhanced Health Care in English Nursing Homes
Authors: Cook Glenda , McNall Anne , Thompson Juliana , Hodgson Philip , Shaw Lynne , Cowie Daniel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe increasingly complex nature of care home residents’ health status means that this population requires significant multidisciplinary team input from health services. To address this, a multisector and multiprofessional enhanced healthcare programme was implemented in nursing homes across Gateshead Council in Northern England.Study AimsTo explore the views and experiences of practitioners, social care officers, and carers involved in the enhanced health care in care home programme, in order to develop understanding of the service delivery model and associated workforce needs for the provision of health care to older residents.MethodsA qualitative constructivist methodology was adopted. The study had two stages. Stage 1 explored the experiences of the programme enhanced healthcare workforce through group, dyad, and individual interviews with 45 participants. Stage 2 involved two workshops with 28 participants to develop Stage 1 findings (data were collected during February–March 2016). Thematic and content analysis were applied.FindingsThe enhanced healthcare programme provides a whole system approach to the delivery of proactive and responsive care for nursing home residents. The service model enables information exchange across organizational and professional boundaries that support effective decision making and problem solving.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding of the processes and outcomes of a model of integrated health care between public and independent sector care home services for older people.
Towards an Integrated Understanding of Critical Upheavals: From Crisis to Contentious Politics to “All‐Encompassing Contentious Crisis”
Authors: Wang Wensheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article advances a general, comprehensive approach around the concept of “all‐encompassing contentious crisis” to studying critical upheavals and their historical impacts. This interpretative framework aims to reorient how we think about extraordinary events by providing a rubric for converting the scheme of seemingly unrelated destructive upheavals into an integrative model of constructive development. It appropriates the theoretical insights developed in political science and sociology to enrich historical inquiry and, furthermore, to turn crisis into a more precise and full‐fledged model of development. It is hoped that this synthesized model can not only help to lessen the barrier between historians and social scientists but also bridge the gap between event and structure in explaining historical change.
A Study on Possibility of Clinical Application for Color Measurements of Shade Guides Using an Intraoral Digital Scanner
Authors: Yoon Hyung‐In , Bae Ji‐Won , Park Ji‐Man , Chun Youn‐Sic , Kim Mi‐Ae , Kim Minji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess if color measurement with intraoral scanner correlates with digital colorimeter and to evaluate the possibility of application of a digital scanner for shade selection.Materials and MethodsThe L*a*b* values of the five shade tabs (A1, A2, A3, A3.5, and A4) were obtained with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS Pod) and a colorimeter (ShadeEye). Both devices were calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions before measurements. Color measurement values were compared with paired t‐test, and a Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship of two methods.ResultsThe L*a*b* values of the colorimeter were significantly different from those of the digital scanner (p < 0.001). The L* and b* values of both methods were strongly correlated with each other (both p < 0.05). The device repeatability in both methods were reported to be excellent (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, color measurements with digital intraoral scanners and computer‐assisted image analysis were in accordance with those of the colorimeter with respect to L* and b* values; however, all the coordinates of shade tabs were significantly different between two methods.ConclusionsThe digital intraoral scanner may not be used as the primary method of color selection in clinical practices, considering significant differences in color parameters with colorimeter. The scanner's capability in shade selection should be further evaluated.
Methods and Processes of Developing the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology – Veterinary (STROBE‐Vet) Statement
Authors: Sargeant J.M. , O'Connor A.M. , Dohoo I.R. , Erb H.N. , Cevallos M. , Egger M. , Ersbøll A.K. , Martin S.W. , Nielsen L.R. , Pearl D.L. , Pfeiffer D.U. , Sanchez J. , Torrence M.E. , Vigre H. , Waldner C. , Ward M.P. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundReporting of observational studies in veterinary research presents challenges that often are not addressed in published reporting guidelines.ObjectiveTo develop an extension of the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement that addresses unique reporting requirements for observational studies in veterinary medicine related to health, production, welfare, and food safety.DesignConsensus meeting of experts.SettingMississauga, Canada.ParticipantsSeventeen experts from North America, Europe, and Australia.MethodsExperts completed a pre‐meeting survey about whether items in the STROBE statement should be modified or added to address unique issues related to observational studies in animal species with health, production, welfare, or food safety outcomes. During the meeting, each STROBE item was discussed to determine whether or not rewording was recommended and whether additions were warranted. Anonymous voting was used to determine consensus.ResultsSix items required no modifications or additions. Modifications or additions were made to the STROBE items 1 (title and abstract), 3 (objectives), 5 (setting), 6 (participants), 7 (variables), 8 (data sources/measurement), 9 (bias), 10 (study size), 12 (statistical methods), 13 (participants), 14 (descriptive data), 15 (outcome data), 16 (main results), 17 (other analyses), 19 (limitations), and 22 (funding).ConclusionThe methods and processes used were similar to those used for other extensions of the STROBE statement. The use of this STROBE statement extension should improve reporting of observational studies in veterinary research by recognizing unique features of observational studies involving food‐producing and companion animals, products of animal origin, aquaculture, and wildlife.
17,β‐estradiol inhibits hepatitis C virus mainly by interference with the release phase of its life cycle
Authors: Magri Andrea , Barbaglia Matteo N. , Foglia Chiara Z. , Boccato Elisa , Burlone Michela E. , Cole Sarah , Giarda Paola , Grossini Elena , Patel Arvind H. , Minisini Rosalba , Pirisi Mario 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsOestrogen and oestrogen‐mediated signalling protect from hepatitis C virus through incompletely understood mechanisms. We aimed to ascertain which phase(s) of hepatitis C virus life cycle is/are affected by oestrogens.MethodsHuh7 cells infected with the JFH1 virus (genotype 2a) were exposed to dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, progesterone and 17β‐estradiol (tested with/without its receptor antagonist fulvestrant). Dose–response curves were established to calculate half maximal inhibitory concentration values. To dissect how 17β‐estradiol interferes with phases of hepatitis C virus life cycle, its effects were measured on the hepatitis C virus pseudo‐particle system (viral entry), the subgenomic replicon N17/JFH1 and the replicon cell line Huh7‐J17 (viral replication). Finally, in a dual‐step infection model, infectious supernatants, collected from infected cells exposed to hormones, were used to infect naïve cells.ResultsProgesterone and testosterone showed no inhibitory effect on hepatitis C virus; dehydroepiandrosterone was only mildly inhibitory. In contrast, 17β‐estradiol inhibited infection by 64%‐67% (IC50 values 140‐160 nmol/L). Fulvestrant reverted the inhibition by 17β‐estradiol in a dose‐dependent manner. 17β‐estradiol exerted only a slight inhibition (<20%) on hepatitis C virus pseudo‐particles, and had no effect on cells either transiently or stably (Huh7‐J17 cells) expressing the N17/JFH1 replicon. In the dual‐step infection model, a significant half maximal inhibitory concentration decline occurred between primary (134 nmol/L) and secondary (100 nmol/L) infections (P=.02), with extracellular hepatitis C virus RNA and infectivity being reduced to a higher degree in comparison to its intracellular counterpart.Conclusions17β‐estradiol inhibits hepatitis C virus acting through its intracellular receptors, mainly interfering with late phases (assembly/release) of the hepatitis C virus life cycle.
ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 74 (ERF74) plays an essential role in controlling a respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD)‐dependent mechanism in response to different stresses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yao Yuan , He Run Jun , Xie Qiao Li , Zhao Xian hai , Deng Xiao mei , He Jun bo , Song Lili , He Jun , Marchant Alan , Chen Xiao‐Yang , Wu Ai‐Min 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Recent studies indicate that the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VII (ERF‐VII) transcription factor is an important regulator of osmotic and hypoxic stress responses in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of ERF‐VII‐mediated transcriptional regulation remains unclear.

Here, we investigated the role of ERF74 (a member of the ERF‐VII protein family) by examining the abiotic stress tolerance of an ERF74 overexpression line and a T‐DNA insertion mutant using flow cytometry, transactivation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.

35S::ERF74 showed enhanced tolerance to drought, high light, heat and aluminum stresses, whereas the T‐DNA insertion mutant erf74 and the erf74;erf75 double mutant displayed higher sensitivity. Using flow cytometry analysis, we found that erf74 and erf74;erf75 lines lack the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in the early stages of various stresses, as a result of the lower expression level of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RbohD). Furthermore, ERF74 directly binds to the promoter of RbohD and activates its expression under different abiotic stresses. Moreover, induction of stress marker genes and ROS‐scavenging enzyme genes under various stress conditions is dependent on the ERF74−RbohD−ROS signal pathway.

We propose a pathway that involves ERF74 acting as an on–off switch controlling an RbohD‐dependent mechanism in response to different stresses, subsequently maintaining hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
Control of Arabidopsis lateral root primordium boundaries by MYB36
Authors: Fernández‐Marcos María , Desvoyes Bénédicte , Manzano Concepción , Liberman Louisa M. , Benfey Philip N. , del Pozo Juan C. , Gutierrez Crisanto 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Root branching in plants relies on the de novo formation of lateral roots. These are initiated from founder cells, triggering new formative divisions that generate lateral root primordia (LRP). The LRP size and shape depends on the balance between positive and negative signals that control cell proliferation.

The mechanisms controlling proliferation potential of LRP cells remains poorly understood. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana MYB36, which have been previously shown to regulate genes required for Casparian strip formation and the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the primary root, plays a new role in controlling LRP development at later stages.

We found that MYB36 is a novel component of LR development at later stages. MYB36 was expressed in the cells surrounding LRP where it controls a set of peroxidase genes, which maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance. This was required to define the transition between proliferating and arrested cells inside the LRP, coinciding with the change from flat to dome‐shaped primordia. Reducing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in myb36‐5 significantly rescues the mutant phenotype.

Our results uncover a role for MYB36 outside the endodermis during LRP development through a mechanism analogous to regulating the proliferation/differentiation transition in the root meristem.
The Practical Application Of 3D Vision in the Field: Measuring Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) Antler Growth Velocities
Authors: Lichti Derek D. , Steward Jeremy , Chow Jacky C. K. , Matyas John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdvances in three‐dimensional (3D) optical imaging have made possible precise and accurate measurements of many scenes, ranging from engineering to architecture to art. However, measurements of some 3D objects are more difficult to obtain than others, particularly if the edges do not feature regular geometry, the colour is dark and variable, and if the object moves haphazardly. Such objects occur regularly in biology, and the present study illustrates some of the challenges of evaluating such objects. The growing antlers of three live reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is presented as an example of how 3D imaging, specifically time‐of‐flight range imaging, can be used to solve to a reasonable extent a problem that is very difficult to approximate using traditional techniques. Mean antler growth velocities of the order of 7 to 9 mm/day were estimated, using the proposed methodology, from data of these three animals collected over a seven‐week period.