bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Body Height of Adult Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Dore Maria P. , Pes Giovanni M. , Sferlazzo Giovanni , Marras Giuseppina , Bassotti Gabrio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in underdeveloped countries and is associated with growth retardation. In the first half of the 20th century, Sardinia was an underdeveloped region; however, more recent development resulted in a decline in H. pylori infection. Because body height is correlated with health and nutritional status in childhood, the association among H. pylori infection and height was explored.Materials and MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients undergoing endoscopy for dyspepsia from 2002 to 2012. H. pylori status was assessed by histology plus the rapid urease test or 13Carbon‐urea breath test.ResultsBody height and H. pylori status were assessed in 5045 adult patients: 3257 (64.6%) were women. Patients born after 1950 showed a significant increase in height (average 3.22 cm) compared to patients born before 1950 (163.93 vs 160 cm; 95% confidence interval, CI = 2.74–3.70 cm) (p < .0001). H. pylori‐infected patients were nearly 1 cm shorter than uninfected patients (95% CI = −1.35 to·−0.09 cm) (p = .012). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed male gender, birth cohort, and occupational categories to be strongly associated with height, while the weak effect of H. pylori infection disappeared.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a strong secular trend related to body height in Sardinia with a minimal influence of H. pylori infection.
Influence of glass fibre post length and remaining dentine thickness on the fracture resistance of root filled teeth
Authors: Junqueira R. B. , de Carvalho R. F. , Marinho C. C. , Valera M. C. , Carvalho C. A. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate, ex vivo, the influence of glass fibre post length and remaining thickness of dentine on the fracture resistance of bovine roots, after thermomechanical ageing.MethodologyNinety bovine roots of the same size were root filled and randomly distributed into nine groups (n = 10), according to the root weakening protocol (NW – nonweakened; MW – medium weakened; HW – highly weakened) and post length (7 mm; 9 mm and 12 mm). The weakening of roots was performed using diamond burs, resulting in different thicknesses of remaining dentine. The post spaces were prepared, and in the weakened roots, the glass fibre posts were customized with composite resin, to create posts matching the canal size. Chemically activated resin cement was used to lute the posts. After luting, full crowns made of composite resin were attached to a silicon matrix. To reproduce physiological mobility, the roots were covered with polyether and embedded in polyurethane. The thermomechanical cycling was performed (1 200 000 cycles; 88N; 3,8 Hz; 5 ± 1 °C to 55 ± 1 °C). Then, the specimens were subjected to compressive force in a universal testing machine (1 mm min−1; 100 kgf) to analyse the fracture resistance. The specimens were analysed through a stereomicroscope to classify the failure mode (repairable/catastrophic). The values were subjected to statistical analysis (two‐way anova and Tukey's test at 5%). The frequencies of failure mode were compared using chi‐square test.ResultsThe association between length and dentine thickness was significant (P > 0.05). The difference was between NW and HW roots for posts of 12 mm in length. There was an association between failure mode and the length and remaining dentine thickness.ConclusionsReduced dentine thickness in roots with longer posts had lower fracture resistance values, as catastrophic failure was more predominant.
Stock Market Liquidity and Firm Value: An Empirical Examination of the Australian Market
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Duong Huu Nhan , Singh Harminder 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe document a positive relation between stock liquidity and firm value. We examine the mechanism through which stock market liquidity enhances firm value by dividing firm value, as measured by Tobin's Q, into three components, namely, operating income to price, leverage, and operating income to assets. Using the switch to broker anonymity as an exogenous shock to market liquidity, we show that the increase in liquidity around the shock leads to an increase in firm value. Our results suggest that higher firm value for more liquid stocks seems to stem from enhanced stock prices rather than from better operating performance.
Supply chain network design with efficiency, location, and inventory policy using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Perez Loaiza Rodolfo Eleazar , Olivares‐Benitez Elias , Miranda Gonzalez Pablo A. , Guerrero Campanur Aaron , Martinez Flores Jose Luis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study presents a metaheuristic based on a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to solve a biobjective mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model for supply chain design with location‐inventory decisions and supplier selection. The supply chain has four echelons with suppliers, plants, distribution centers, and retailers. The decision variables are the opening of plants and distribution centers and the flow of materials between the different facilities, considering a continuous review inventory policy. The conflicting objectives are to minimize total costs on the entire chain, and to maximize a combined value of overall equipment effectiveness from suppliers. Small‐ and medium‐sized scenarios are solved and compared with Pareto fronts obtained with commercial optimization software applying the epsilon‐constraint method. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic. The main contributions of this work are a new practical problem that has not been analyzed before, and the development of the evolutionary algorithm.
Corporates’ control strategies using network optimization
Authors: Martins Pedro , Neves Elisabete 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe ownership of a quoted company is usually spread among various shareholders. This dispersion can be characterized by an oriented network, whose nodes represent the companies, and an arc between companies i and j, with weight sij, indicates that company i owns sij percent of company j, being denoted by stock shareholding network (SSN). Given two sets of companies T and C0 from a SSN, we say that the companies in C0 control those in T if they own or imply ownership of at least αj percent of companies’ T shares. So, given a targeting set T, our problem is to find a set of companies C0 in which we invest such that the entire investment cost is the lowest. This problem has relevant applications in corporate governance and it can be modeled within network optimization. We discuss its applicability using a broad set of companies in the European stock market.
The generalized discrete ‐centroid problem
Authors: Santos‐Peñate D.R. , Campos‐Rodríguez C.M. , Moreno‐Pérez J.A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe‐centroid problem or leader–follower problem is generalized considering different customer choice rules where a customer may use facilities belonging to different firms, if the difference in travel distance (or time) is small enough. Assuming essential goods, some particular customer choice rules are analyzed. Linear programming formulations for the generalized‐medianoid and‐centroid problems are presented and an exact solution approach is applied. Some computational examples are included.
Spousal Associations Between Frailty and Depressive Symptoms: Longitudinal Findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Monin Joan , Doyle Margaret , Levy Becca , Schulz Richard , Fried Terri , Kershaw Trace 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether older adult spouses’ frailty states and depressive symptoms are interrelated over time.DesignLongitudinal, dyadic path analysis using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model.SettingData were from baseline (1989–90), Wave 3 (1992–93), and Wave 7 (1996–97), all waves in which frailty and depressive symptoms were measured, of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a multisite, longitudinal, observational study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults aged 65 and older.ParticipantsSpouses in 1,260 community‐dwelling married couples.MeasurementsFrailty was measured using the CHS criteria, categorized as nonfrail, prefrail, or frail. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.ResultsWithin individuals (actor effects), greater frailty predicted greater subsequent depressive symptoms, and greater depressive symptoms predicted greater subsequent frailty. Between spouses (partner effects), an individual's greater frailty predicted the spouse's greater frailty, and an individual's greater depressive symptoms predicted the spouse's greater depressive symptoms.ConclusionFrailty and depressive symptoms are interrelated in older adult spouses. For older couples, interventions to prevent or treat frailty and depression that focus on couples may be more effective than those that focus on individuals.
Head Trauma from Falling Increases Subsequent Emergency Department Visits More Than Other Fall‐Related Injuries in Older Adults
Authors: Southerland Lauren T. , Stephens Julie A. , Robinson Shari , Falk James , Phieffer Laura , Rosenthal Joseph A. , Caterino Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether fall‐related injuries affect return to the ED after the initial visit.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAcademic Level 1 trauma center ED.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older evaluated for a fall from standing height or less and discharged (N = 263, average age 77, 70% female).MeasurementsAfter institutional review board approval, electronic medical record data were queried. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with risk of returning to the ED within 90 days.ResultsInjuries included fractures (45%, n = 117); head trauma (22%, n = 58); abrasions, lacerations, or contusions (34%, n = 88); and none (22%, n = 57). Emergency care was frequently required, with 13 (5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3–7.6%) returning within 72 hours, 35 (13%, 95% CI = 9.2–17%] within 30 days, and 57 (22%, 95% CI = 17–27%) within 90 days. Univariately, the odds of returning to the ED within 90 days was more than two times as high for those with head trauma as for those without (odds ratio = 2.66). This remained significant in the multivariable model, which controlled for Charlson Comorbidity Index, fractures, soft tissue injuries, and ED observation unit use.ConclusionMore than one‐third of older adults with minor head trauma from a fall will need to return to the ED in the following 90 days. These individuals should receive close attention from primary care providers. The link between minor head trauma and ED recidivism is a new finding.
MicroRNA and gynecologic cancers
Authors: Kanekura Kohsuke , Nishi Hirotaka , Isaka Keiichi , Kuroda Masahiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimGynecologic malignancies are serious problems in female health. Here we aim to discuss the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of gynecologic cancers and use of miRNA profiles for diagnosis of diseases.MethodsIn order to obtain information needed for this review, we searched the PubMed database with the following keywords: miRNA and ovarian cancer; miRNA and cervical cancer; and miRNA and endometrial cancer.ResultsRecent explosive investigations in the field have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the roles of miRNA in the pathology of gynecologic malignancies. In ovarian cancer, miRNA participates in the development of drug resistance. In cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, miRNA play essential roles in important oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. miRNA also have high potentials to be used as biomarkers in these diseases.ConclusionFurther validation of the studies and improvement of the methods will result in the broader use of miRNA in the diagnosis of diseases as well as in understanding of the pathomechanisms of gynecologic cancers.
A magnetic resonance imaging‐based classification system for indication of trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy in canine pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism
Authors: Sato A. , Teshima T. , Ishino H. , Harada Y. , Yogo T. , Kanno N. , Hasegawa D. , Hara Y. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to establish a magnetic resonance imaging‐based classification system for canine hyperadrenocorticism according to pituitary gland extension, determine indications for trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy, and clarify the prognosis for each disease grade.Methods
A 5‐point classification system (Grades 1 to 5) was developed based on tumour extension in dorsal and cranio–caudal directions. Cases were then classified as Type A: no arterial circle of Willis or cavernous sinus involvement and Type B: cases in which these blood vessels were involved.Results
Medical records and magnetic resonance imaging data of 37 cases with hyperadrenocorticism were reviewed. Thirty‐three cases underwent surgery; 4 Grade 5 cases did not have appropriate indications for surgery, and other therapies were used. Complete resection was achieved for 3, 3, 22 and 1 Grade 1A, 2A, 3A and 3B cases, respectively. Resection was incomplete in 1, 1 and 2 Grade 3A, 3B and 4B cases, respectively. Remission was achieved in 29 cases. Recurrence occurred in 4 cases, all of which were classified as Grade 3.Clinical Significance
Dogs with Type A, Grade 1 to 3 hyperadrenocorticism had a good prognosis following trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy. Grade 3B, 4 and 5 cases may not be suitable for this surgery.
Urolithiasis in chinchillas: 15 cases (2007 to 2011)
Authors: Martel‐Arquette A. , Mans C. 
Published: April 2016

Objective
To evaluate the signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, treatment and outcome of chinchillas diagnosed with urolithiasis.Methods
Medical records of 15 chinchillas diagnosed with urolithiasis were retrospectively reviewed.Results
All animals were male with a median age of 30 months (range: 11 to 132 months). Haematuria, pollakiuria and stranguria were the most common presenting complaints. Of 15 animals, 12 had abnormal physical abdominal examination, including pain and palpable cystic calculi. Uroliths were diagnosed in the urinary bladder, urethra or both. Nine animals had cystic calculi only. Four out of 6 chinchillas with urethral calculi were euthanased within 1 day of diagnosis. There was recurrence of cystic calculi following cystotomy in 5/10 animals and median time to recurrence was 68 days (range: 19 to 440 days). Median survival time in chinchilla with urolith recurrence was 391 days (range: 74 to 1074 days) following initial diagnosis. Disease‐free follow‐up time in 5/10 chinchillas without urolith recurrence following surgical removal was 2204 days (range: 1914 to 2535 days).Clinical Significance
Cystic uroliths in male chinchillas carry a better prognosis than urethral uroliths. Recurrence of urolithiasis is common.
Cryptic sex? Estimates of genome exchange in unisexual mole salamanders (Ambystoma sp.)
Authors: Gibbs H. Lisle , Denton Robert D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCryptic sex has been argued to explain the exceptional longevity of certain parthenogenetic vertebrate lineages, yet direct measurements of genetic exchange between sexual and apparently parthenogenetic forms are rare. Female unisexual mole salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) are the oldest known unisexual vertebrate lineage (~5 million years), and one hypothesis for their persistence is that allopolyploid female unisexuals periodically exchange haploid genomes ‘genome exchange’ during gynogenetic reproduction with males from sympatric sexual species. We test this hypothesis by using genome‐specific microsatellite DNA markers to estimate the rates of genome exchange between sexual males and unisexual females in two ponds in NE Ohio. We also test the prediction that levels of gene flow should be higher for ‘sympatric’ (sexual males present) genomes in unisexuals compared to ‘allopatric’ (sexual males absent) unisexual genomes. We used a model testing framework in the coalescent‐based program MIGRATE‐N to compare models where unidirectional gene flow is present and absent between sexual species and unisexuals. As predicted, our results show higher levels of gene flow between sexuals and sympatric unisexual genomes compared to lower (likely artefactual) levels of gene flow between sexuals and allopatric unisexual genomes. Our results provide direct evidence that genome exchange between sexual and unisexual Ambystoma occurs and demonstrate that the magnitude depends on which sexual species are present. The relatively high levels of gene flow suggest that unisexuals must be at a selective advantage over sexual forms so as to avoid extinction due to genetic swamping through genome exchange.
Endocannabinoid‐related lipids are increased during an episode of cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Venkatesan T. , Zadvornova Y. , Raff H. , Hillard C. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe endocannabinoid system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are important neuromodulators of nausea and vomiting. This led us to hypothesize that patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) have lower serum endocannabinoids (eCBs) and higher salivary cortisol and alpha amylase.MethodsSerum eCBs and related lipids, N‐oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N‐palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and salivary cortisol, and alpha amylase (index of sympathetic nervous system activity) were measured in 22 CVS patients (age 40 ± 11, female = 17) in the well and sick phases and 12 matched controls (age 37 ± 12, female = 10).Key ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, serum concentrations of the eCBs were not different among the study groups. However, serum concentrations of OEA and PEA were significantly higher during the sick than well phase in CVS patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.04). There were positive correlations between serum PEA and nausea scores in the sick phase (Pearson's rho = 0.48, p = 0.036) and between serum OEA and poor sleep quality in patients (Pearson's rho = 0.7, p = 0.0005). Salivary cortisol and alpha amylase were not different between patients and controls, but subgroup analysis revealed that both were significantly higher in marijuana users compared to non‐users during the sick phase (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively).Conclusions & InferencesThese data demonstrate that eCB‐related lipids, OEA and PEA, are mobilized in the sick phase of CVS and are positively correlated with several of the symptoms of a CVS episode. These data also suggest the hypothesis that chronic marijuana use results in enhanced stress responses during CVS.
Cervical ultrasound and computed tomography of Kawasaki disease: Comparison with lymphadenitis
Authors: Nozaki Taiki , Morita Yuka , Hasegawa Daisuke , Makidono Akari , Yoshimoto Yuri , Starkey Jay , Kusakawa Isao , Manabe Atsushi , Saida Yukihisa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating Kawasaki disease (KD) from cervical lymphadenitis (CL) is clinically difficult but essential given that treatment and outcome differ significantly. Research on differentiation between KD and CL using ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify cervical US and CT findings that may differentiate KD from CL.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cervical US of 25 KD patients and 25 CL patients, and CT of 14 KD patients, and 14 CL patients. Two radiologists analyzed specific imaging features on US (lymph node size, shape, echogenicity, margins, laterality, necrosis, and presence of normal hilum) and on CT (size and location of enlarged nodes, laterality, perinodal infiltration, and retropharyngeal edema).ResultsOn US, patients with KD more frequently had lymph nodes with a “cluster of grapes” appearance (KD vs CL: 64% vs 32%, P < 0.05) and less frequently had poorly circumscribed margins (0% vs 36%, P < 0.01), necrosis (0% vs 32%, P < 0.01), or non‐visualization of the hilum (4% vs 36%, P < 0.01). On CT, KD patients more frequently had retropharyngeal edema (100% vs 29%, P < 0.001) and less frequently had level 4 lymphadenopathy (14% vs 79%, P < 0.01) than CL patients.ConclusionsUltrasound is mainly useful for excluding purulent lymphadenopathy while CT is a useful diagnostic tool for differentiating KD from CL, especially in patients with incomplete KD, who present with prominent cervical lymphadenopathy and other equivocal principal findings.
Autecology, pigment composition and toxicology of Dictyocha octonaria (Dictyochophyceae, Ochrophyta) from Wellington Harbor, New Zealand
Authors: Chang F. Hoe , Gall Mark 
Published: April 2016

SummaryGrowth and pigment composition of both the skeleton‐bearing and naked forms and toxicology of the naked form of Dictyocha octonaria were studied here using clonal cultures derived from a single cell from Wellington Harbour. In this study both the naked and skeleton‐bearing forms showed optimum growth between 14 and 18°C. Maximum growth rates of the naked and skeleton‐bearing forms were 1.46 and 0.99 division day−1, respectively. Growth rates of the naked form at temperatures <18°C were found to be greater than those of the skeleton‐bearing form. The reverse was true at temperatures >22°C. Cells of the naked form died at 24°C while those of the skeleton‐bearing form at 26°C. In this study the naked and skeleton‐bearing forms cultured in identical growth conditions contained almost the same pigments, except zeaxanthin, which made up about 3.2% of the total carotenoid in the skeleton‐bearing form and virtually none in the naked form. Toxicological tests conducted on rotifers indicated that the naked form was not harmful to the test organisms.
Almighty God and the Almighty Dollar: The Study of Religion and Market Economies in the United States
Authors: Koenig Sarah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis essay reviews several of the main ways in which scholars of religion have depicted relationships between religion and market economies in the United States. It traces sociological, historical, and ethnographic approaches to the study of religion and market economies, examining how scholars have navigated the tensions between religious declension, on the one hand, and celebration of free market ideals, on the other. It then suggests some directions for further study, including better integration of the studies of material goods, labor, and capitalism with studies of religion and market economies; new studies of religion and finance; greater attention to non‐capitalist systems in U.S. history; and studies that recognize the permeable and co‐constructed nature of religion and market economies.
Domestic political competition and pro‐cyclical import protection
Authors: Lake James , Linask Maia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGovernments, especially in developing countries, routinely practice binding overhang (i.e. setting applied tariffs below binding WTO commitments) and frequently move applied tariffs for given products up and down over the business cycle. Moreover, applied tariffs are pro‐cyclical in developing countries. We explain this phenomenon using a dynamic theory of lobbying between domestic interest groups. Applied tariffs are pro‐cyclical when high‐tariff interests (e.g. import‐competing industries) capture the government: these groups concede lower tariffs to low‐tariff interest groups (e.g. exporting firms or firms using imported intermediate inputs) during recessions because recessions lower the opportunity cost of lobbying and thereby generate a stronger lobbying threat.