bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of [11C]TAZA for amyloid β plaque imaging in postmortem human Alzheimer's disease brain region and whole body distribution in rodent PET/CT
Authors: Pan Min‐Liang , Mukherjee Meenakshi T. , Patel Himika H. , Patel Bhavin , Constantinescu Cristian C. , Mirbolooki M. Reza , Liang Christopher , Mukherjee Jogeshwar 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ plaques in the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel radiotracer, 4‐[11C]methylamino‐4′‐N,N‐dimethylaminoazobenzene ([11C]TAZA), for binding to Aβ plaques in postmortem human brain (AD and normal control (NC)). Methods: Radiosyntheses of [11C]TAZA, related [11C]Dalene (11C‐methylamino‐4′‐dimethylaminostyrylbenzene), and reference [11C]PIB were carried out using [11C]methyltriflate prepared from [11C]CO2 and purified using HPLC. In vitro binding affinities were carried out in human AD brain homogenate with Aβ plaques labeled with [3H]PIB. In vitro autoradiography studies with the three radiotracers were performed on hippocampus of AD and NC brains. PET/CT studies were carried out in normal rats to study brain and whole body distribution. Results: The three radiotracers were produced in high radiochemical yields (>40%) and had specific activities >37 GBq/μmol. TAZA had an affinity, Ki = 0.84 nM and was five times more potent than PIB. [11C]TAZA bound specifically to Aβ plaques present in AD brains with gray matter to white matter ratios >20. [11C]TAZA was displaced by PIB (>90%), suggesting similar binding site for [11C]TAZA and [11C]PIB. [11C]TAZA exhibited slow kinetics of uptake in the rat brain and whole body images showed uptake in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). Binding in brain and IBAT were affected by preinjection of atomoxetine, a norepinephrine transporter blocker. Conclusion: [11C]TAZA exhibited high binding to Aβ plaques in human AD hippocampus. Rat brain kinetics was slow and peripheral binding to IBAT needs to be further evaluated. Synapse, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Synapse 70:163–176, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A practitioner's guide to thermal infrared remote sensing of rivers and streams: recent advances, precautions and considerations
Authors: Dugdale Stephen J 
Published: January 2016

Stream temperature is a key habitat variable controlling all physical and biological river processes. In light of the threat of climate change to fluvial environments, growing importance is being placed on the need to gain a better understanding of stream temperature dynamics. However, many current or historic stream temperature datasets are of very low spatial resolution. Such in situ measurements are often unable to provide the fine scale information on longitudinal or lateral temperature patterns necessary for understanding links between thermal heterogeneity and fluvial processes. In recent years, attention has therefore turned to the use of thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing in order to acquire 2D stream temperature data at ecologically meaningful scales. While TIR remote sensing is a relatively mature technology in its own right, its application in fluvial environments is accompanied by a range of limitations and considerations that must be respected in order to ensure the acquisition of reasonable quality data. It is only in recent years that researchers have been started to shift from detailing the technical aspects of TIR imaging of river environments toward describing its application for river management and fundamental fluvial science. We critically review this recent research, demonstrating the utility of TIR for applied river temperature research. We also provide a detailed guide to the practical use of TIR in river environments with a view to further stimulating its use for advancing stream temperature science. WIREs Water 2016, 3:251–268. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1135This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Quality
From big data to deep insight in developmental science
Authors: Gilmore Rick O. 
Published: January 2016

The use of the term ‘big data’ has grown substantially over the past several decades and is now widespread. In this review, I ask what makes data ‘big’ and what implications the size, density, or complexity of datasets have for the science of human development. A survey of existing datasets illustrates how existing large, complex, multilevel, and multimeasure data can reveal the complexities of developmental processes. At the same time, significant technical, policy, ethics, transparency, cultural, and conceptual issues associated with the use of big data must be addressed. Most big developmental science data are currently hard to find and cumbersome to access, the field lacks a culture of data sharing, and there is no consensus about who owns or should control research data. But, these barriers are dissolving. Developmental researchers are finding new ways to collect, manage, store, share, and enable others to reuse data. This promises a future in which big data can lead to deeper insights about some of the most profound questions in behavioral science. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:112–126. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1379This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Development and Aging
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Copper and Silver Complexes with the Ylide Ph3PCHP(O)PPh2 as Ligand
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe reactivity of the hydrolysis product of hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane, PPh3CHP(O)Ph2, towards different soft Lewis acids, such as CuI and Ag[BF4] are reported. While CuI exclusively binds at the ylidic carbon atom, reaction of the silver cation in CH2Cl2 leads to proton abstraction from the solvent to give the cation [PPh3CH2P(O)Ph2]+. Surprisingly, Ag+ replaces the methyl group of [PPh3CHMeP(O)Ph2]+ to produce a dimeric complex, in which Ag+ is coordinated to C and O forming an eight membered ring. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and X‐ray diffraction.
Unsupervised self‐care predicts conduct problems: The moderating roles of hostile aggression and gender
Authors: Atherton Olivia E. , Schofield Thomas J. , Sitka Angela , Conger Rand D. , Robins Richard W. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDespite widespread speculation about the detrimental effect of unsupervised self‐care on adolescent outcomes, little is known about which children are particularly prone to problem behaviors when left at home without adult supervision. The present research used data from a longitudinal study of 674 Mexican‐origin children residing in the United States to examine the prospective effect of unsupervised self‐care on conduct problems, and the moderating roles of hostile aggression and gender. Results showed that unsupervised self‐care was related to increases over time in conduct problems such as lying, stealing, and bullying. However, unsupervised self‐care only led to conduct problems for boys and for children with an aggressive temperament. The main and interactive effects held for both mother‐reported and observational‐rated hostile aggression and after controlling for potential confounds.
Home monitoring report from a single lead Lumax DX implantable cardioverter defibrillator: New observations in a new system
Authors: Konstantino Yuval , Kleiman Alex , Amit Guy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 56‐year‐old man underwent a single lead Lumax 640 DX implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. A DX system consists of a single lead, which provides atrial as well as ventricular electrograms, and enhances atrial arrhythmia detection. Three months after the implantation, high‐frequency episodes were detected on the far field and the atrial channels, but not on the bipolar right ventricular channel; these were classified as atrial tachycardia. In the present report, we discussed the unusual pattern of the artifacts that was related to an electromagnetic interference detected by the novel DX system.
Opioid-induced constipation, use of laxatives, and health-related quality of life
Authors: Christensen Helene Nordahl , Olsson Urban , From Jesper , Breivik Harald 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background and aims
Real-life data on laxative use in patients suffering from opioid-induced constipation (OIC) are very limited, and many OIC patients are only using over the counter laxatives to resolve their constipation. Our aim was to describe laxative utilization and quality of life in participants in Norway who ever experienced OIC.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between 27th of June and 3rd of July 2014 among participants above 18 years with self-reported OIC and who had agreed to receive information from the pharmacy chain (Boots A/S, Norway). The questionnaire comprised a series of multiple choice, close-ended, and free text questions on abdominal symptoms, laxative use and health-related quality of life.

Results
A total of 417 participants met the study eligibility criteria: (1) treated with opioid for a minimum of 4 weeks, (2) actively accepted participation, and (3) confirmed ever experiencing OIC and in addition completed the survey. Among the eligible participants, 86% were females, 85% were younger than 60 years of age, and 57% were currently suffering OIC. More than half of the currently constipated participants were experiencing moderate to very severe abdominal bloating (63%), abdominal pain (55%) and/or pain during bowel movement (50%). Less than every fourth participant (23%) had consulted health care professionals (HCPs) about their constipation. Up to 39% reported that they handled their OIC by self-management, e.g., bought laxative, reduced the dose and/or changed opioid without consulting HCP or pharmacy. Less than half (48%) of the laxative users were satisfied with the laxative they were using to relieve their constipation. The EQ-5D health-related quality of life score was mean (SD): 0.587 (0.272). Although not statistically significant (p = 0.067), there was a tendency of lower quality of life among the participants who were currently constipated compared with those not currently constipated (difference of mean EQ-5D: 0.629-0.555 = 0.074). A significantly lower (p = 0.001) quality of life was found among participants who were dissatisfied with their laxative [mean (SD): 0.424 (0.350)] than among those who were satisfied or neither satisfied nor dissatisfied [mean (SD): 0.628 (0.235) and 0.673 (0.155), respectively].

Conclusions
The results suggest a high degree of moderate to very severe abdominal symptoms, a high degree of self-management of opioid-induced constipation, a low degree of satisfaction with laxative, and low health-related quality of life of patients suffering from chronic pain necessitating long-term opioid treatment, subsequent constipation and laxatives use.

Implications
Patients suffering from OIC with low quality of life and remaining symptoms despite use of two or more laxatives are a vulnerable patient group in need of optimized healthcare management, who also might benefit from more specific and innovative therapy.
Mechanical Mass-Spring Model for Understanding Globular Motion of Proteins
Authors: Kim J.-I. , Eom K. , Na S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe conformational (structural) change of proteins plays an essential role in their functions. Experiments have been conducted to try to understand the conformational change of proteins, but they have not been successful in providing information on the atomic scale. Simulation methods have been developed to understand the conformational change at an atomic scale in detail. Coarse-grained methods have been developed to calculate protein dynamics with computational efficiency when compared with than all-atom models. A structure-based mass-spring model called the elastic network model (ENM) showed excellent performance in various protein studies. Coarse-grained ENM was modified in various ways to improve the computational efficiency, and consequently to reduce required computational cost for studying the large-scale protein structures. Our previous studies report a modified mass-spring model, which was developed based on condensation method applicable to ENM, and show that the model is able to accurately predict the fluctuation behavior of proteins. We applied this modified mass-spring model to analyze the conformational changes in proteins. We consider two model proteins as an example, where these two proteins exhibit different functions and molecular sizes. It is shown that the modified mass-spring model allows for accurately predicting the pathways of conformation changes for proteins. Our model provides structural insights into the conformation change of proteins related to the biological functions of large protein complexes.
Energy and resilience: The effects of endogenous interdependencies on trade network formation across space among major Japanese firms
Authors: MATOUS PETR , TODO YASUYUKI 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe dynamic drivers of interfirm interactions across space have rarely been explored in the context of disaster recovery; therefore, the mechanism through which shocks propagate is unclear. This paper uses stochastic actor-oriented modeling to examine how trade networks among the 500 largest Japanese companies evolved during 2010 and 2011, i.e. before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake to identify sources of vulnerability in the system. In contrast to previous reports on broken supply chains, the network displayed only modest change even in the directly affected areas. Controlling for distance and for firm size, we find that when firms changed their partners, they preferred firms that were popular among other firms, that had partners in common with them and that also bought some products or services from them. These findings concur with a criticism that Japanese firms avoid external actors and exhibit inflexibility in reorganizing their networks in times of need, which contrasts with the non-cliquish network structures observed in high-performing economic sectors. The results also highlight the role of energy firms in disaster resilience. Unlike other large Japanese companies that cluster in major urban centers, energy firms are distributed across Japan. However, despite their peripheral physical locations, energy firms are centrally located in trade networks. Thus, while a disaster in any region may affect some energy firms and lead to large-scale temporary shocks, the entire network is unlikely to be disconnected by any region-specific disaster because of the spatial distribution of the topological network core formed by energy companies.
Interactions between dietary oil treatments and genetic variants modulate fatty acid ethanolamides in plasma and body weight composition
Authors: Pu Shuaihua , Eck Peter , Jenkins David J. A. , Connelly Philip W. , Lamarche Benoît , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , West Sheila G. , Liu Xiaoran , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFatty acid ethanolamides (FAE), a group of lipid mediators derived from long-chain fatty acids (FA), mediate biological activities including activation of cannabinoid receptors, stimulation of fat oxidation and regulation of satiety. However, how circulating FAE levels are influenced by FA intake in humans remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the response of six major circulating FAE to various dietary oil treatments in a five-period, cross-over, randomised, double-blind, clinical study in volunteers with abdominal obesity. The treatment oils (60 g/12 552 kJ per d (60 g/3000 kcal per d)) provided for 30 d were as follows: conventional canola oil, high oleic canola oil, high oleic canola oil enriched with DHA, flax/safflower oil blend and corn/safflower oil blend. Two SNP associated with FAE degradation and synthesis were studied. Post-treatment results showed overall that plasma FAE levels were modulated by dietary FA and were positively correlated with corresponding plasma FA levels; minor allele (A) carriers of SNP rs324420 in gene fatty acid amide hydrolase produced higher circulating oleoylethanolamide (OEA) (P=0·0209) and docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA) levels (P=0·0002). In addition, elevated plasma DHEA levels in response to DHA intake tended to be associated with lower plasma OEA levels and an increased gynoid fat mass. In summary, data suggest that the metabolic and physiological responses to dietary FA may be influenced via circulating FAE. Genetic analysis of rs324420 might help identify a sub-population that appears to benefit from increased consumption of DHA and oleic acid.
Appraisals of psychotic experiences: an experimental investigation of symptomatic, remitted and non-need-for-care individuals
Authors: Underwood R. , Kumari V. , Peters E. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAppraisals are suggested to play a determining role in the clinical outcome of psychotic experiences (PEs). We used experimental tasks that mimic PEs to investigate appraisals in individuals with PEs with and without a ‘need-for-clinical-care’, and psychosis patients whose symptoms have remitted. We predicted that patients would appraise the tasks as threatening regardless of current symptom level, while non-clinical and control groups would appraise them as non-threatening.MethodAppraisals following three anomalous experiences-inducing tasks [Telepath, Cards task, Virtual acoustic space paradigm (VASP)] were examined in 71 individuals: symptomatic (n= 18) and remitted (n= 16) psychosis patients; non-clinical group with PEs (n= 16); controls without PEs (n= 21).ResultsAs predicted, symptomatic patients endorsed more threatening appraisals for all tasks than non-clinical and control groups, who did not differ from each other. However, remitted patients were less likely to endorse threatening appraisals of the Cards and Telepath than their symptomatic counterparts, although they did not differ in global ratings of how striking, threatening and distressing they found the tasks. Moreover, remitted participants endorsed more threatening appraisals of the Telepath and VASP than non-clinical participants, and of the VASP than controls. Remitted participants also rated all three tasks as globally more threatening than the non-clinical group and controls.ConclusionsClinical outcome may not necessarily be driven by the presence of symptoms, with threatening appraisals of PEs representing a key factor. The remitted group's intermediate appraisal scores imply that the relationship between appraisal and clinical outcome is not straightforward, and potential mediating factors need to be determined.
Common and differential alterations of general emotion processing in obsessive-compulsive and social anxiety disorder
Authors: Weidt S. , Lutz J. , Rufer M. , Delsignore A. , Jakob N. J. , Herwig U. , Bruehl A. B. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by biased perception and processing of potentially threatening stimuli. A hyper-reactivity of the fear-circuit [e.g. amygdala, anterior cingulate (ACC)] has been consistently reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in SAD in comparison with healthy controls (HCs). Studies investigating the processing of specific emotional stimuli in OCD reported mainly orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities. The goal of this study was to examine similar/common and differential neurobiological responses in OCD and SAD using unspecific emotional stimuli.MethodFifty-four subjects participated: two groups (eachn= 18) of outpatients with a current diagnosis of OCD or SAD, and 18 HCs. All subjects underwent fMRI while anticipating and perceiving unspecific visual stimuli with prior announced emotional valence (e.g. positive).ResultsCompared to HCs, the combined patient group showed increased activation in amygdala, caudate and prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex while anticipating unspecific emotional stimuli. Caudate was more active in the combined patient group during perception. A comparison between the OCD and the SAD samples revealed increased amygdala and decreased rostral ACC activation in OCD patients during perception, but no differences in the anticipation phase.ConclusionsOverall, we could identify common fronto-subcortical hyper-reactivity in OCD and SAD while anticipating and perceiving unspecific emotional stimuli. While differential neurobiological responses between OCD and SAD when processing specific stimuli are evident from the literature, differences were less pronounced using unspecific stimuli. This could indicate a disturbance of emotion regulation common to both OCD and SAD.
How I think Hauerwas thinks about theology
Authors: Larsen Sean 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper highlights two aspects of Stanley Hauerwas's thought: philosophical ethics, which consists of second-order methodological claims; and moral theology, which consists of first-order, local, unsystematic moral descriptions. I show how the philosophical ethics relates to the moral theology by proposing a set of rules that constitute a ‘grammar’ of Hauerwas's thought. These rules are asymmetrical in that later rules presuppose earlier rules but earlier rules do not presuppose later rules. Each rule corresponds to texts that Hauerwas recommends and relies upon. The first rule prioritizes MacIntyre's concept of non-foundational ‘practical wisdom’. The second rule, which draws on Aristotle, Wittgenstein, Anscombe and Kovesi to stress the impossibility of separating agent from act, influences the third rule that ethics is moral description. The fourth rule uses ‘postliberal’ theologians and draws on the liturgy alongside Barth and Yoder, in order to redescribe the shape of Christian life in liberal modernity.
Adolf Schlatter on scripture as Gnadenmittel: remedy for a hypertensive debate?
Authors: Bräutigam Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAdolf Schlatter (1852–1938) found himself time and again caught in the crossfire between the opposing camps of fundamentalist Pietism and liberal historical-criticism. This article suggests that Schlatter, by avoiding the pitfalls of both extremes, provides a unique way of uniting faith and scientific criticism through his creative reinterpretation of classic attributes of scripture, namely, (1) inspiration as organic and historic-pneumatic, (2) unity as Christocentric, (3) scriptural authority as evoking discipleship, (4) infallibility as relational-volitional, and finally, (5) perspicuity as catholic. In times where there still seems to exist a big gap between ‘evangelical’ and ‘scientific’ approaches to scripture, Schlatter's focus on scripture not only as a means to know God (Erkenntnismittel), but primarily as a means to receive God's grace (Gnadenmittel), remains valuable, helping us to do away with possible misunderstandings and stereotypes and enabling us to recalibrate our perspective on scripture.