bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart integration in agriculture: an Arduino-driven rice grain dryer for optimal post-harvest management
Authors: Nebrida Alan P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the field of agriculture, the post-harvest stage often presents a multitude of obstacles that have the potential to undermine the quality and longevity of the crop. One of the primary obstacles in rice production is the effective drying of rice grains, which is crucial for preventing problems such as mold growth, discoloration, and unintentional germination. To tackle this issue, we propose an innovative solution: a rice grain drying system driven by an Arduino microcontroller. This device effectively combines technology accuracy with agricultural needs. The system is equipped with a very precise temperature sensor to maintain a uniform drying environment, fluctuating within the range of 50–60 °C. The use of a nichrome heater, selected for its consistent and dependable heat production, is complemented by an air blower to ensure the even distribution of heat throughout the drying chamber. One notable characteristic of this innovation is its significant drying capacity of 50 kg in each operation. The effectiveness of the product was verified by a rigorous testing process. A batch of glutinous rice weighing 25 kg, initially containing 25.5% moisture, was successfully reduced to 13.5% moisture content within a time frame of 125 min. In a similar vein, a batch of grains weighing 40 kg, which had just undergone threshing, had a moisture content of 22% initially. Remarkably, this batch achieved the desirable moisture level of 14% within a mere two-hour timeframe. This innovative technology not only provides a resolution to the difficulties faced in post-harvest processes but also signifies a fundamental change in thinking, introducing a fresh era where intelligent technology seamlessly integrates with traditional agricultural methods.
Clinical outcome of ultrasonographic detected undifferentiated synovitis in patients with arthralgia
Authors: Mortada Mohamed A. , Kamal Doaa E. , Alian Samah M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In the early stages of rheumatic diseases, individuals may present with nonspecific musculoskeletal symptoms (such as arthralgia) in the absence of clinical synovitis. Ultrasound (US) looks potentially helpful, particularly in the absence of symptomatic arthritis. This research aims to study the clinical outcomes of undifferentiated synovitis detected by ultrasound in patients who complain of arthralgia and their predicting factors.

Results
From 174 patients with arthralgia, 42% of cases went into remission, and 58% remained as persistent inflammatory arthritis (PIA) (26.4% persisted as undifferentiated arthritis, 31.6% differentiated into specific rheumatic diseases of whom 9.2% became rheumatoid arthritis, 6.3% developed spondyloarthropathy, and other diseases) after 2 years of follow-up. Regression analysis showed that patients with Power Doppler (PD) grade (I or II), grayscale (GS) synovitis grade (II or III), and GS synovitis ≥ grade II in one wrist were significant predictors for PIA in undifferentiated arthralgia’s patients.

Conclusions
Approximately 60% of patients with arthralgia developed inflammatory arthritis (IA) after 2 years of follow-up, with 77% of them having US synovitis at the onset of the study. A positive PD signal, grade (II or III) GS synovitis, or ≥ grade II at one wrist were all independently related to the development of PIA in arthralgia patients.
Identification of nitric oxide-mediated necroptosis as the predominant death route in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Ting , Rui Wenjing , Sun Yue , Tian Yunyun , Li Qiaoyan , Zhang Qian , Zhao Yanchun , Liu Zongzhi , Wang Tiepeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) involves multiple forms of neuronal cell death, but the dominant pathway involved in disease progression remains unclear. This study employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of brain tissue to explore gene expression patterns across different stages of PD. Using the Scaden deep learning algorithm, we predicted neurocyte subtypes and modelled dynamic interactions for five classic cell death pathways to identify the predominant routes of neuronal death during PD progression. Our cell type-specific analysis revealed an increasing shift towards necroptosis, which was strongly correlated with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression across most neuronal subtypes. In vitro experiments confirmed that nitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator of necroptosis, leading to nuclear shrinkage and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential via phosphorylation of the PIP1/PIP3/MLKL signalling cascade. Importantly, specific necroptosis inhibitors significantly mitigated neuronal damage in both in vitro and in vivo PD models. Further analysis revealed that NO-mediated necroptosis is prevalent in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and across multiple brain regions but not in brain tumours. Our findings suggest that NO-mediated necroptosis is a critical pathway in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders, providing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Culturally safe and ethical biomarker and genomic research with Indigenous peoples—a scoping review
Authors: Pra Rebecca Dal , O’Brien Penny , Nguyen Huong X. T. , Luke Joanne , Smith Robyn A. , Withall Adrienne , Radford Kylie , Lavrencic Louise M. , Watson Rosie , Flicker Leon , Logiudice Dina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Indigenous peoples globally continue to be underrepresented in biomarker, genomic, and biobanking research. The aim of this study was to identify core components of culturally safe and ethical biomarker and genomic research with Indigenous peoples in Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Canada and the USA.

Methods
A scoping review with a systematic search strategy was conducted utilising electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Global Health. Key search terms included ‘biomarkers’ and ‘genomics’ research involving Indigenous peoples in relation to ethical and legal principles of respect, sovereignty, governance and existing policies. Original research studies published from the year 2000 to the 1st of August 2023 were reviewed in a systematic manner. Components of culturally safe and ethical research processes were identified and synthesised descriptively. The quality of included studies was assessed using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool through an Indigenous lens.

Results
Seven interrelated research components were identified from seventeen studies as core processes to enhance the cultural safety of biomarker and genomic research. These included building relationships and community engagement, learning, research coordination, logistics, consent, samples and biospecimens, biobank structures and protections and policy. The importance of ensuring self-determination, ownership and decision-making power is emphasised in processes to establish and conduct biomarker and genomic research with Indigenous peoples.

Conclusions
Components that contribute to the cultural safety of biomarker and genomic research processes identified in this scoping review were assembled into a theoretical framework to guide research practice. Further evaluation is required by Indigenous peoples and communities to appropriate and adapt this framework for local use to promote the cultural safety of research processes and minimise barriers to Indigenous peoples’ participation in biomarker and genomic research.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis Comparing Conventional and Digital Software Supported Management for Hypothyroidism
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Shin Jaeyong , Kim Man S , Moon Jae Hoon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Wearable devices can now leverage the established correlation between thyroid function and heart rate to monitor thyroid function alongside exercise levels and heart rate. The objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of introducing a wearable/mobile-based thyroid function digital monitoring solution for the management of hypothyroidism compared to the conventional management approach.

Methods
A decision-analytic Markov state-transition simulation model employed for using a simulated cohort of 10 000 40-year-old patients with hypothyroidism to estimate costs and health outcomes. Cost-effectiveness from the health care sector perspective was evaluated using a 4.5% annual discount rate and the costs adjusted to 2022 levels, and lifetime outcomes were presented through incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses evaluated the robustness of the results.

Results
The digital monitoring solution supported group yielded an additional 0.65 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) with an incremental cost of $11 700.87, resulting in an ICER value of $17 988.97 per QALY gained. Digital-powered software could be an optimal strategy in 99% of iterations against willingness-to-pay thresholds of $32 255/QALY gained. The ICER was most sensitive to the annual cost of a digital monitoring solution for hypothyroidism.

Conclusion
The incorporation of the digital monitoring solution has demonstrated positive cost-effectiveness in hypothyroidism management when compared to the standard care. The cost of the digital monitoring solution and its sensitivity are key factors in determining cost-effectiveness. Striking a balance among the cost of digital monitoring support, the precision of hormonal level monitoring, and its effectiveness for the specific group of hypothyroid patients in real-world clinical practice is essential.
Evaluation of Osteogenic Phenotype in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Anabolic and Antiresorptive Osteoporosis Therapies
Authors: Kobelski Margaret M , Ramchand Sabashini K , Tsai Joy N , Leder Benjamin Z , Demay Marie B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aging of the general population has led to a substantial increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis over the past decades. While there are effective pharmacological agents that increase bone formation, decrease bone resorption, and decrease fracture risk, they do not uniformly cure osteoporosis. This has prompted investigations to examine whether combination therapy (COMBO) with these agents can result in an additive benefit. Since concomitant therapy with denosumab and teriparatide has shown promise in this respect, investigations were undertaken to explore whether the changes in osteogenic phenotype could provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanism of this effect.
Investigations were performed in postmenopausal women receiving denosumab, teriparatide, or both for 3 months. Histomorphometric parameters were the primary outcome, while exploratory studies examined RNA expression in bone biopsies as well as in sorted and cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Osteogenic colony forming units of BMSCs were also evaluated. The studies demonstrated that COMBO results in an increase in osteoprogenitors, evidenced by an increase in osteoblastic colony-forming units. This was associated with an increased in BMSC expression of LGR6 (leucine-rich repeat containing G protein–coupled receptor 6), a stem cell marker and activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These data suggest that enhancement of canonical Wnt signaling contributes to the increase in osteoprogenitors and consequently an increase in bone density in postmenopausal women receiving COMBO for osteoporosis.
Real-World Clinical and Healthcare Resource Burden Among Burosumab-Naïve Patients With Familial Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Imel Erik A , Li Zhiyi , Heerssen Heather M , Princic Nicole , Schwartz Hana , Zhao Yang , Dahir Kathryn M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the real-world clinical and healthcare resource burden of familial hypophosphatemia (FH).

Methods
In a retrospective, observational cohort study using MarketScan claims data from 2017 to 2021, clinical characteristics and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs were compared between burosumab-naïve pediatric and adult patients with ≥ 1 FH diagnosis code and matched controls without FH. Patient characteristics were evaluated at baseline, and disease characteristics, HCRU, and costs were evaluated over a 12-month follow-up period. Outcomes were analyzed descriptively. Costs were additionally analyzed using multivariate regression models.

Results
Overall, 570 patients with FH and 1710 non-FH matched controls were included. Approximately 10% of study participants were aged &lt; 18 years. Patients with FH had 7.8-fold higher mean baseline comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index). The prevalence of morbidities over the 12-month follow-up period was higher in patients with FH than controls, including renal disease (33% vs 3%), arthralgia (25% vs 10%), osteoarthritis (17% vs 6%), and delayed growth/walking difficulty (16% vs 2%; all P &lt; .001). All-cause HCRU was significantly greater for patients with FH than controls over follow-up, including the proportion of patients with at least one inpatient admission (60% vs 4%), outpatient emergency room visit (52% vs 16%), and outpatient pharmacy prescription (96% vs 71%; all P &lt; .001). The mean annual total healthcare cost per patient was also 22.6-fold higher for patients with FH than controls (adjusted cost difference = $129 643; P &lt; .001). Differences were apparent across all age groups.

Conclusion
Compared with non-FH matched controls, burosumab-naïve patients with FH experienced multiple morbidities and had substantially higher HCRU and costs.
Incidence of Concurrent Cerebral Desaturation and Electroencephalographic Burst Suppression in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Ramachandran Rushil Vladimir , Behera Alkananda , Hussain Zaid , Peck Jordan , Ananthakrishanan Ajay , Mathur Priyam , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , Muehlschlegel J. Danny , Pittet Jean-Francois , Bardia Amit , Schonberger Robert , Marcantonio Edward R. , Kveraga Kestutis , Subramaniam Balachundhar 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Increased intraoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) burst suppression is associated with postoperative delirium. Cerebral desaturation is considered as one of the factors associated with burst suppression. Our study investigates the association between cerebral desaturation and burst suppression by analyzing their concurrence. Additionally, we aim to examine their association with cardiac surgical phases to identify potential for targeted interventions.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed intraoperative 1-minute interval observations in 51 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Processed EEG and cerebral oximetry were collected, with the anesthesiologists blinded to the information. The associations between cerebral desaturation (defined as a 10% decrease from baseline) and burst suppression, as well as with phase of cardiac surgery, were analyzed using the Generalized Logistic Mixed Effect Model. The results were presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A value of P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The odds of burst suppression increased 1.5 times with cerebral desaturation (odds ratio [OR], 1.52, 95% CI, 1.11–2.07; P = .009). Compared to precardiopulmonary bypass (pre-CPB), the odds of cerebral desaturation were notably higher during CPB (OR, 22.1, 95% CI, 12.4–39.2; P < .001) and post-CPB (OR, 18.2, 95% CI, 12.2–27.3; P < .001). However, the odds of burst suppression were lower during post-CPB (OR, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.59–0.81; P < .001) compared to pre-CPB. Compared to pre-CPB, the odds of concurrent cerebral desaturation and burst suppression were notably higher during CPB (OR, 52.3, 95% CI, 19.5–140; P < .001) and post-CPB (OR, 12.7, 95% CI, 6.39–25.2; P < .001). During CPB, the odds of cerebral desaturation (OR, 6.59, 95% CI, 3.62–12; P < .001) and concurrent cerebral desaturation and burst suppression (OR, 10, 95% CI, 4.01–25.1; P < .001) were higher in the period between removal of aortic cross-clamp and end of CPB. During the entire surgery, the odds of burst suppression increased 8 times with higher inhalational anesthesia concentration (OR, 7.81, 95% CI, 6.26–9.74; P < .001 per 0.1% increase).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cerebral desaturation is associated with intraoperative burst suppression during cardiac surgery, most significantly during CPB, especially during the period between the removal of the aortic cross-clamp and end of CPB. Further exploration with simultaneous cerebral oximetry and EEG monitoring is required to determine the causes of burst suppression. Targeted interventions to address cerebral desaturation may assist in mitigating burst suppression and consequently enhance postoperative cognitive function.
Microtubules and actin filaments direct nuclear movement during the polarisation of Marchantia spore cells
Authors: Attrill Sarah T. , Mulvey Hugh , Champion Clément , Dolan Liam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The multicellular haploid stage of land plants develops from a single haploid cell produced by meiosis – the spore. Starting from a non-polar state, these spores develop polarity, divide asymmetrically and establish the first axis of symmetry. Here, we show that the nucleus migrates from the cell centroid to the basal pole during polarisation of the Marchantia polymorpha spore cell. A microtubule organising centre on the leading edge of the nucleus initiates a microtubule array between the nuclear surface and the cortex at the basal pole. Simultaneously, cortical microtubules disappear from the apical hemisphere but persist in the basal hemisphere. This is accompanied by the formation a dense network of fine actin filaments between the nucleus and the basal pole cortex. Experimental depolymerisation of either microtubules or actin filaments disrupts cellular asymmetry. These data demonstrate that the cytoskeleton reorganises during spore polarisation and controls the directed migration of the nucleus to the basal pole. The presence of the nucleus at the basal pole provides the cellular asymmetry for the asymmetric cell division that establishes the apical-basal axis of the plant.
Cuticular hydrocarbons promote desiccation resistance by preventing transpiration in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nayal Kamar , Krupp Joshua J. , Abdalla Osama H. M. H. , Levine Joel D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Desiccation is a fundamental challenge confronted by all terrestrial organisms, particularly insects. With a relatively small body size and large surface-to-volume ratio, insects are susceptible to rapid evaporative water loss and dehydration. To counter these physical constraints, insects have acquired specialized adaptations, including a hydrophobic cuticle that acts as a physical barrier to transpiration. We previously reported that genetic ablation of the oenocytes – specialized cells required to produce cuticular hydrocarbons (HCs) – significantly reduced survivorship under desiccative conditions in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Although increased transpiration – resulting from the loss of the oenocytes and HCs – was hypothesized to be responsible for the decrease in desiccation survival, this possibility was not directly tested. Here, we investigated the underlying physiological mechanisms contributing to the reduced survival of oenocyte-less (oe−) flies. Using flow-through respirometry, we show that oe− flies, regardless of sex, exhibited an increased rate of transpiration relative to wild-type controls, and that coating oe− flies with fly-derived HC extract restored the rate to near-wild-type levels. Importantly, total body water stores, including metabolic water reserves, as well as dehydration tolerance, measured as the percentage of total body water lost at the time of death, were largely unchanged in oe− flies. Together, our results directly demonstrate the critically important role played by the oenocytes and cuticular HCs to promote desiccation resistance.
Calcification in sea urchin larvae is associated with low metabolic costs
Authors: Hu Marian Y. , Bassarab Tina M. , Chang William W. J. , Tetzlaff Smilla L. , Strohbach Feli , Dupont Sam , Stumpp Meike 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The energetic costs of generating calcium carbonate skeletons and shells in marine organisms remain largely speculative because of the scarcity of empirical data. However, this information is critical for estimating energetic limitations of marine calcifiers that can explain their sensitivity to changes in sea water carbonate chemistry in past, present and future marine systems. Here, the cost of calcification was evaluated using larval stages of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We developed a skeleton re-mineralization assay, in which the skeleton was dissolved in live larvae followed by a re-mineralization over a few days. During skeleton re-mineralization, energetic costs were estimated through the measurement of key metabolic parameters including whole-animal metabolic rate, citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity and mRNA expression as well as mitochondrial density in the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). Minor increases in CS activity and a 10–15% increase in mitochondrial density in PMCs were observed in re-mineralizing larvae as compared with control larvae. Re-mineralization under three different pH conditions (pH 8.1, pH 7.6 and pH 7.1) decreased with decreasing pH, accompanied by pronounced increases in CS expression levels and increased mitochondrial density in PMCs at pH 7.6. Despite a prominent increase in mitochondrial density of primary mesenchyme cells, particularly in the calcifying cohort of this cell type, this work demonstrated a low overall metabolic response to increased mineralization rates at the whole-animal level under both high and low pH conditions. We conclude that calcification in sea urchin larvae is compromised under low pH conditions, associated with low energetic efforts to fuel compensatory processes.
Interband cascade laser absorption sensor for sensitive measurement of hydrogen chloride in smoke-laden gases using wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Fetter Kyle L. , Munera Laura , Watts Makayla A. , Pineda Daniel I. 
Published: October 2024

A tunable interband cascade laser sensor, based on wavelength
modulation absorption spectroscopy near 3.73 µm, was
developed to measure hydrogen chloride gas concentration in
smoke-laden environments associated with the overhaul stages of
firefighting. Wavelength selection near 2678cm−1 targets the P(0,9) transition within
the fundamental vibrational band of HCl, chosen for its absorption
strength and isolation from CO2, H2O, and CH4, as well as proximity to absorption
features of other toxicant gases of interest in firefighting
applications. Both scanned-wavelength direct absorption with a Voigt
lineshape-fitting routine and a wavelength modulation spectroscopy
absorption method are employed to recover species concentration. The
laser sensor is paired with a compact commercial off-the-shelf
1 m multipass optical gas cell modified to use polished Alloy
20 steel mirrors for increased corrosion resistance against humid and
acidic gases, and it is tested by sampling effluent gases from
pyrolyzing and burning solid samples of polyvinyl chloride under a
radiant heating apparatus in a laboratory fume hood. The wavelength
modulation spectroscopy method is demonstrated to enable measurement
at the near-ppm-level within a compact form-factor and to provide
insights into the thermochemical pyrolysis processes that lead to the
formation of hydrogen chloride when polyvinyl chloride is exposed to
radiant heating.