bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Financialization of Housing Production in Brussels
Authors: Romainville Alice 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on the financialization of housing production in the Brussels‐Capital Region, examining the increased presence and use of financial capital in housing production. Information collected by local administrations when granting building permits is used to undertake a large‐scale examination of companies involved in housing provision in Brussels in the 2000s in order to identify the origins of capital invested in housing development projects and to assess to what extent it can be considered as ‘financialized’. The use of this data set allows me to estimate the ‘market share’ of financial capital in housing production and to analyse the geography of these investments in the built environment. This spatial analysis also provides some insights for a discussion about the possible social consequences of this influx of financial capital into the urban space. The task of empirically ‘measuring’ financialization raises numerous methodological questions. A choice has to be made between a wide range of definitions, both for financial activities and the financialization process. Moreover, for the purpose of quantifying the phenomenon, these concepts are made operational and turned into indicators. In addition to providing information about the investment of financial capital in housing production and the concrete forms it may take in a city such as Brussels, I venture to suggest that this article also contributes to the methodological ‘toolbox’ available to researchers in the field of financialization.
Textural and microstructural properties of Kradi cheese (an indigenous cheese of Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Authors: Punoo Hilal Ahmad , Patil Girdhari ramdas , Bijoy Ram Ran 
Published: September 2017

The texture and microstructure of Kradi cheese, an indigenous fresh unripened cheese of Jammu and Kashmir, India, were studied. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) for hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience between samples from four different market areas. The optimised products made in the laboratory from cultures NCDC‐167 and NCDC‐144 showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the textural and mechanical properties of tensile strength. The microstructure of the market samples was distinguished by the greater size of the voids present in three‐dimensional casein network. The optimised laboratory product had a more compact and fibrous structure compared to the market samples, which was attributed to its higher protein content.
Alcohol‐Induced Behaviors Require a Subset of Drosophila JmjC‐Domain Histone Demethylases in the Nervous System
Authors: Pinzón Jorge H. , Reed Addison R. , Shalaby Nevine A. , Buszczak Michael , Rodan Aylin R. , Rothenfluh Adrian 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundLong‐lasting transcriptional changes underlie a number of adaptations that contribute to alcohol use disorders (AUD). Chromatin remodeling, including histone methylation, can confer distinct, long‐lasting transcriptional changes, and histone methylases are known to play a role in the development of addiction. Conversely, little is known about the relevance of Jumonji (JmjC) domain‐containing demethylases in AUDs. We systematically surveyed the alcohol‐induced phenotypes of null mutations in all 13 Drosophila JmjC genes.MethodsWe used a collection of JmjC mutants, the majority of which we generated by homologous recombination, and assayed them in the Booze‐o‐mat to determine their naïve sensitivity to sedation and their tolerance (change in sensitivity upon repeat exposure). Mutants with reproducible phenotypes had their phenotypes rescued with tagged genomic transgenes, and/or phenocopied by nervous system‐specific knockdown using RNA interference (RNAi).ResultsFour of the 13 JmjC genes (KDM3, lid, NO66, and HSPBAP1) showed reproducible ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity phenotypes. Some of the phenotypes were observed across doses, for example, the enhanced EtOH sensitivity of KDM3KO and NO66KO, but others were dose dependent, such as the reduced EtOH sensitivity of HSPBAP1KO, or the enhanced EtOH tolerance of NO66KO. These phenotypes were rescued by their respective genomic transgenes in KDM3KO and NO66KO mutants. While we were unable to rescue lidk mutants, knockdown of lid in the nervous system recapitulated the lidk phenotype, as was observed for KDM3KO and NO66KO RNAi‐mediated knockdown.ConclusionsOur study reveals that the Drosophila JmjC‐domain histone demethylases Lid, KDM3, NO66, and HSPBAP1 are required for normal EtOH‐induced sedation and tolerance. Three of 3 tested of those 4 JmjC genes are required in the nervous system for normal alcohol‐induced behavioral responses, suggesting that this gene family is an intriguing avenue for future research.
The haemostatic efficacy and foreign body reaction of epinephrine–Impregnated polyurethane foam in osseous defects
Authors: Torabinejad Mahmoud , Kang Hyun J. S. , Maskiewicz Richard , Grandhi Anupama 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the haemostatic efficacy and foreign body reaction of epinephrine–impregnated cotton pellets with those of epinephrine‐impregnated polyurethane (PU) foam cubes in osseous defects created in guinea pigs. Initially, these substances were randomly applied to the osseous defects in guinea pigs for 2 min and blood loss was measured. The animals were then sacrificed 7 weeks later and the degree of foreign body reaction was scored. The data were analysed by the independent‐samples Kruskal‐Wallis test. Epinephrine‐impregnated PU foam cubes showed significantly better haemostatic effect compared to epinephrine–impregnated cotton pellets. The PU foam containing epinephrine specimens elicited significantly less foreign body reaction compared to epinephrine cotton pellets (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that epinephrine‐impregnated PU foam cubes are a good alternative to epinephrine‐impregnated cotton pellets as a local haemostatic agent in endodontic surgery.
The structural transformation of African agriculture and rural spaces: introduction to a special section†
Authors: Barrett Christopher B. , Christian Paul , Shiferaw Bekele A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article briefly introduces a special section on the structural transformation of African agriculture and rural spaces. The five papers that comprise this special section all draw on household‐level microdata to explore important aspects of the salient changes taking place in the world's most agrarian and poorest continent.
The fourth industrial revolution, agricultural and rural innovation, and implications for public policy and investments: a case of India
Authors: Lele Uma , Goswami Sambuddha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Indian Government and public–private partnerships are developing and disseminating a dizzying number of innovative, networked solutions, broadly known as the Digital India initiative, to increase the efficiency of safety nets and worker productivity and to improve life. Yet, challenges to turn the power of information and other technologies into a farmer‐friendly technological revolution for India's 156 million rural households are considerable, including: (1) reliable, up‐to‐date, location‐specific message content for a diverse agriculture to help stratified households shift to productive, knowledge‐intensive agriculture as a business—government, private sector, and civil society have big roles to play; (2) digital literacy, i.e., teaching farmers how to choose and use apps, even where the digital divide is absent; apps are, or soon to be, in regional languages; and (3) monitoring actual use and impacts on users’ lives by understanding the adoption and adaptation processes. These challenges call for bottom‐up, complementary investments in physical, human, and institutional capital, and farmer‐friendly e‐platforms, while forging ahead with many top‐down policy and institutional reforms currently underway, in which progress is real and constraints holding back greater success are better understood.
Information sharing as a safeguard against the opportunistic behavior of South African Karoo Lamb farmers
Authors: van der Merwe Melissa , Kirsten Johann F. , Trienekens Jacques H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMisconduct in global meat supply chains are omnipresent and even more so in differentiated chains where credence attributes such as origin and taste are used to differentiate the product. By definition, these attributes signal asymmetric information which implies that in the presence of bounded rational individuals with conflicting interests, misconduct in the form of opportunistic behavior is bound to prevail. Increased information exchange through farmer networks is, however, expected to reduce opportunistic behavior. In the case of a differentiated meat product, such as Karoo Lamb, the article studies the farmer‐abattoir transaction with the purpose of recommending strategies that can be implemented to reduce the farmer's tendency to behave opportunistically. The article employs the PLS approach to SEM and reveals a significant negative relationship between information shared and opportunistic behavior. The results indicate significant positive relationships between trust in the abattoir and information shared as well as between farmer networks and information shared. These results are indicative of the support provided to the information shared construct by higher levels of trust between farmers and abattoirs and established farmer networks. It is, therefore, recommended that differentiated meat supply chains, through their various associations, concentrate their efforts to promote information sharing by building stronger, trust centered relationships and by supporting farmer networks.
The Internet Game Use‐Elicited Symptom Screen proved to be a valid tool for adolescents aged 10–19 years
Authors: Jo Sun‐Jin , Yim Hyeon Woo , Lee Hae‐Kook , Lee Hyung Cho , Choi Jung‐Seok , Baek Kyung‐Young 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis study tested the diagnostic validity of the nine‐item Internet Game Use‐Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS) tool, which was developed by the authors after the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, identified Internet gaming as a condition that needed further study.MethodsA self‐report screening test comprising IGUESS and Young's Internet Addiction Test was administered to 121 adolescents (74% boys) with a median age of 14 (range 10–19) recruited from school and health settings in Korea. After the screening test, a clinician conducted one‐to‐one interviews with all of the subjects to set a gold standard for diagnosis.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of IGUESS were 87.0 and 86.7%, respectively, for a cut‐off score of 10 points, with an area under the curve value of 0.93. Its reliability, as determined by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.94, and the correlation coefficient between IGUESS and Young's Internet Addiction Test was r = 0.902.ConclusionThe findings suggest that a cut‐off score of 10 is appropriate for administering the IGUESS in various community‐based settings, including schools, to screen for potential subjects in need of further assessment for Internet gaming problems.
Statins reduce the risk of liver decompensation and death in chronic viral hepatitis: a propensity score weighted landmark analysis
Authors: Wong J. C.‐T. , Chan H. L.‐Y. , Tse Y.‐K. , Yip T. C.‐F. , Wong V. W.‐S. , Wong G. L.‐H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundDecompensated liver disease due to portal hypertension leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Statins can modulate intrahepatic vascular tone, but the clinical significance remains uncertain.AimTo determine the effects of statin use on the risk of liver decompensation and death among patients with chronic viral hepatitis.MethodsWe conducted a population wide cohort study using a hospital based database from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Adults with chronic viral hepatitis without prior liver decompensation were identified from 2000 to 2012 by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnostic codes. Statin use was defined as a cumulative defined daily dose of >28. Landmark analysis was used to overcome immortal time bias. Propensity score weighting was further performed to minimise baseline confounders. Primary outcome was a composite of portal hypertension related liver decompensation events, with adjustment for death as a competing risk.ResultsA total of 69 184 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (2053 statin users and 67 131 statin non‐users) were identified for the 2‐year landmark analysis. After propensity score weighting of 23 baseline covariates, statin use was associated with a significant reduction in composite liver decompensation events (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.36‐0.83; P = .005), ascites (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36‐0.92; P = .02), and a dose‐dependent decrease in death (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76‐0.99; P = .035) relative to no statin use.ConclusionsPatients with chronic viral hepatitis who used statins have a reduced risk of liver decompensation and death compared to non‐users in this propensity score weighted landmark analysis.
Bystander Responses to Bias‐Based Bullying in Schools: A Developmental Intergroup Approach
Authors: Palmer Sally B. , Abbott Nicola 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch on bystanders' responses to bullying shows the valuable contribution that prosocial or defender behaviors can have in reducing bullying in schools. In this article, we propose that a developmental intergroup approach (i.e., a developing understanding of social identities and related intergroup processes) is required to understand fully when and why children and adolescents help bullied peers in diverse contexts. First, we review theory and evidence on intergroup social exclusion to demonstrate the strength of a developmental intergroup approach when understanding responses to complex social scenarios in childhood and adolescence. Then, we review recent evidence that demonstrates the importance of examining group membership, group identity, and group norms to understand children's and adolescents' responses as bystanders in the context of bias‐based bullying. Finally, we consider implications for school‐based interventions and next steps for research.
A Conceptual Framework for Detecting Cheating in Online and Take‐Home Exams
Authors: D'Souza Kelwyn A. , Siegfeldt Denise V. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSelecting the right methodology to use for detecting cheating in online exams requires considerable time and effort due to a wide variety of scholarly publications on academic dishonesty in online education. This article offers a cheating detection framework that can serve as a guideline for conducting cheating studies. The necessary theories and related statistical models are arranged into three phases/sections within the framework to allow cheating studies to be completed in a sufficiently quick and precise manner. This cheating detection framework includes commonly used models in each phase and addresses the collection and analysis of the needed data. The model's level of complexity ascends progressively from a graphical representation of data and descriptive statistical models to more advanced inferential statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and the optional comparison method and the Goldfeld‐Quandt Test for heteroskedasticity. An instructor receiving positive results on the possibility of cheating in Phases 1 or 2 can avoid using more advanced models in Phase 3. Tests conducted on sample courses showed that models in Phases 1 and 2 of the proposed framework provided results effectively for over 70% of the test groups, saving users further time and effort. High‐tech systems and low‐cost recommendations that can mitigate cheating are discussed. This framework will be beneficial in guiding instructors who are converting from the traditionally proctored in‐class exam to a take‐home or online exam without authentication or proctoring. In addition, it can serve as a powerful deterrent that will alleviate the concerns that an institution's stakeholders might have about the reliability of their programs.
Cognitive impairment has no impact on hospital‐associated dysphagia in aspiration pneumonia patients
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Shamoto Hiroshi , Akagi Junji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimHospital‐associated dysphagia, characterized by deconditioning of swallowing as a result of hospitalization, is sometimes observed in patients with aspiration pneumonia (AP). Cognitive impairment is known as a negative factor in dysphagia rehabilitation. The present study aimed to examine the association between cognitive impairment and hospital‐associated dysphagia in patients with AP receiving dysphagia rehabilitation.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out in an acute geriatric hospital. A total of 249 AP patients receiving multidisciplinary individualized dysphagia rehabilitation were included. Patients were divided into four groups according to their Mini‐Mental State Examination scores. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) was used to assess swallowing ability, and hospital‐associated dysphagia was defined as a FOIS decline of ≥1 or ≥2 levels. Body mass index and Barthel Index were obtained to assess nutritional status and activities of daily living.ResultsThe mean age was 85.6 ± 7.3 years, and 47% were men. Frequencies of hospital‐associated dysphagia observed in lowest to highest Mini‐Mental State Examination groups were 43.0%, 36.2%, 47.4% and 27.3% (P = 0.133), and 13.9%, 20.7%, 17.5% and 5.5% (P = 0.117) based on FOIS decline ≥1 or ≥2 levels, respectively. Multivariable regression model showed that the Mini‐Mental State Examination score was not an independent determinant of FOIS at discharge (beta = 0.063, P = 0.378) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, Barthel Index, pneumonia severity, speech‐language pathologist intervention, comorbidities, length of hospital stay and premorbid FOIS.ConclusionsThe severity of cognitive impairment has no impact on hospital‐associated dysphagia in AP patients receiving dysphagia rehabilitation. A future interventional study will be expected to further validate our findings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 233–239.
Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of concomitant and sequential therapies in Korea
Authors: Kim Seung Young , Lee Sang Woo , Choe Jung Wan , Jung Sung Woo , Hyun Jong Jin , Jung Young Kul , Koo Ja Seol , Yim Hyung Joon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of the standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication has decreased to an unacceptable level. We aimed to compare the efficacy of sequential and concomitant therapies as for the first‐line treatments for H. pylori eradication and analyzed the effect of clarithromycin resistance on the eradication rates.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and seventy‐eight patients with H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to either concomitant therapy (amoxicillin 1000 mg with clarithromycin 500 mg, metronidazole 500 mg, and pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily for 10 days) or sequential therapy (amoxicillin 1000 mg with pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily for 5 days, followed by clarithromycin 500 mg with metronidazole 500 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily for 5 days). The success of the eradication was evaluated 4‐5 weeks after treatment completion. To evaluate the efficacy of the two regimens according to clarithromycin sensitivity, dual‐priming oligonucleotide‐based multiplex‐polymerase chain reaction was also performed in the final third of the enrolled study populations.ResultsThe eradication rates with concomitant or sequential therapy were 81.9% and 76.6% (P = .153) in intention‐to‐treat analysis, and 93.4% and 84.8% (P = .004) in per‐protocol analysis, respectively. Among the 156 patients for whom dual‐priming oligonucleotide‐based multiplex‐polymerase chain reaction was performed, 17.9% were clarithromycin resistant, and the efficacy of concomitant therapy was better than sequential therapy in the clarithromycin‐resistant strains (100% vs 58.3%, P = .010).ConclusionConcomitant therapy was superior to sequential therapy as the first‐line treatment for H. pylori eradication, especially in clarithromycin‐resistant strains in Korea.
Muscle volume loss a prognostic factor for death in liver cirrhosis patients and special relationship to portal hypertension
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Kitahata Shogo , Izumoto Hirofumi , Ueki Hidetaro , Aibiki Toshihiko , Okudaira Tomonari , Miyamoto Yuji , Yamago Hiroka , Iwasaki Ryuichiro , Tomida Hideomi , Mori Kenichiro , Kishida Masato , Tsubouchi Eiji , Miyata Hideki , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Hirooka Masashi , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Michitaka Kojiro 
Published: September 2017

AimWe examined the prognosis of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with and without portal hypertension (PHT) and muscle volume loss (MVL).MethodsFrom 2006 to 2016, 346 LC outpatients (PHT/non‐PHT = 173/173) were enrolled (median age, 69 years; men / women, 204/142; Child–Pugh A / B, 230/116; and presence of MVL 15.6% in each group) after propensity matching, following exclusion of those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria and Child–Pugh C. Portal hypertension was defined as positive for significant esophagogastric varices; MVL was diagnosed based on a previously reported index using CT imaging. Overall survival rate (OSR) was evaluated from the viewpoints of PHT and MVL.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical background (age, gender, etiology, presence of HCC [within Milan criteria], or Child–Pugh class) between the groups. Although there was no significant difference regarding OSR between patients with and without MVL in the non‐PHT group (P = 0.076, Holm's method), the OSR of patients with MVL in the PHT group was lower compared to those without MVL in both groups (P = 0.017 and P = 0.012, respectively, Holm's method). As a result, the OSR of patients with MVL (n = 54) was lower than the other patients (n = 292) (3‐ and 5‐year OSR, 69.0% vs. 86.4% and 35.8% vs. 74.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that positive for HCC (hazard ratio [HR], 2.028; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.189–3.460; P = 0.009) and positive for MVL (HR, 2.768; 95% CI, 1.575–4.863; P < 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for death.ConclusionMuscle volume loss and HCC, but not PHT, were found to be independent prognostic factors for death in LC patients.
And the sky is grey: The ambivalent outcomes of the California Master Plan for Higher Education
Authors: Marginson Simon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education, California in the United States famously combined the principles of excellence and access within a steep three‐tiered system of Higher Education. It fashioned the world's strongest system of public research universities, while creating an open access system that brought college to millions of American families for the first time. Since 1960, the Master Plan has been admired and influential across the world. Yet the political and fiscal conditions supporting the Master Plan have now evaporated. California turns away hundreds of thousands of prospective students each year, and the University of California, facing spiralling deficits, finds it more difficult to maintain operating costs and compete with top private universities for leading researchers. The paper discusses the rise and partial fall of the Californian system as embodied in the Master Plan, and identifies general lessons for Higher Education systems.