bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palestinian Anti‐Colonialism and Literature
Authors: Rasheed Aysha Munira 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Palestinian literature found an identity separate from generic Arabic literature through the anti‐colonial struggle of its people at the beginning of the twentieth century. From the first Arabic verses written in response to Urabi Pasha's revolt during the Ottoman era, through the poems, novels, and essays penned in reaction to British policies in Palestine, the threat of Zionist immigration, and the catastrophe of 1948 followed by the Palestinian exodus, to the present‐day works by Palestinian writers living in exile or under occupation, Palestinian literature has had a close association with anti‐colonial struggle. Since the genre of poetry in Arabic has participated in the struggle, there is an abundance of examples of anti‐colonial Palestinian poems. Nonetheless, Palestinian fiction such as political allegory and animal fables, and oblique modernist novels with multiple voices, also make Palestinian anti‐colonial literature noteworthy. Finally, with creative memoirs and bold articles, Palestinian literature exhibits an intermeshing of the aesthetic and the political.
United Nations
Authors: Weiß Norman 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe United Nations (UN) is an international organization with 193 Member States (November 2012). Its headquarters are in New York with further offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. The UN has six principal organs and a plethora of subsidiary bodies, committees, and advisory bodies. The UN Family consists of 15 Specialized Agencies, such as the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), several related organizations, funds, and other UN entities. According to the preamble of its Charter, the UN is designated to secure peace, to promote respect for human rights, and to contribute to social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom for all peoples.
Walker, Alice
Authors: Harrison Faye V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Born February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, in the US South, Alice Malsenior Walker is an award‐winning writer, best known for the epistolary novel,
The Color Purple
(1982). She is also a political activist concerned with women's rights, racial justice, and an array of global iniquities, many of which implicate US geopolitical and military policies. In 2010 and 2012, she served as a jurist in the Russell Tribunal on Palestine, an international people's tribunal promoting peace and justice in the Middle East. She has also actively opposed the US embargo against Cuba and protests the mass incarceration that disproportionately targets people, particularly young men, of color in the United States.
Women and/in Literature
Authors: Dora‐Laskey Prathim‐Maya 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This entry underscores the politics and ethics of scale in reading women's movements in the global south – how they have always been simultaneously regional, national, and transnational in scale (materially if not always imaginatively) and consequently, read through the twin lens of the global and the local. Questions of scale that emphasize points of connection, proximity, and intimacy – rather than separation, distance, and distinctness – might even come to displace an opposition between the local and the global as conventionally conceived in terms of a series of binaries that ultimately reproduce unequal power relations.
Vladislavić, Ivan
Authors: Macaskill Brian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Ivan Vladislavić is a prize‐winning novelist, editor, and commentator on the arts, including conceptual graphics, cityscape, and architecture. The arts just specified, like music and like much in Vladislavić's writing, are all fundamentally anti‐mimetic: they create space rather than copying anything as such. Writing thus, and in various capacities, Vladislavić is one of the most creatively important of interregnal and post‐apartheid literary voices in South Africa.
Wynter, Sylvia
Authors: McKittrick Katherine 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This entry provides an overview of the creative and theoretical insights put forth by Sylvia Wynter, who has become widely recognized for the numerous critical essays she has written on colonialism, modernity, the human, and humanism. Her creative works and critical essays have been thought about alongside the writings of Edouard Glissant, Merle Hodge, Derek Walcott, Jean Price‐Mars, Jacques Derrida, Michelle Cliff, C. L. R. James, Jan Carew, Frantz Fanon, Michel Foucault, Elsa Goveia, W. E. B. DuBois, Aimé Césaire, among others. In 2010 Wynter was awarded the Order of Jamaica.
Ionian festivals
Authors: Cuche Vincent 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Besides Panionian gatherings at Delos or Cape Mykale, Ionians distinguished themselves by celebrating some civic festivals of their own, as is demonstrated by the similarities between their various calendars. The so‐called Ionian festivals included notably the Apatouria, designed as an Ionian ethnic marker, the Apollonian festival of the Thargelia and the Dionysian festival of the Anthesteria. Characteristics of many Ionian festivals are found in Athenian religion.
Cuicul
Authors: Cordovana Orietta Dora 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Cuicul is a very fine example of Roman urban architecture adapted to a rocky landscape. The original settlement was a Berber village, but at the end of the first century
ce
the city was granted the status of colony by Emperor Nerva. Its inhabitants were mainly veterans, traders, and agricultural entrepreneurs, as well as some members of the proconsul's administrative staff at Carthage. By reason of these economic activities and social structure of the dwellers, the city enjoyed steady prosperity during the Roman Empire and Late Antiquity. This is also evident in the elegant and rational structure of the urban plan, as well as in the presence of several luxurious houses decorated with mosaics of excellent quality in the North African school tradition. All these elements contributed to Cuicul's listing as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Himyar
Authors: Schiettecatte Jérémie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Himyar was a pre‐Islamic kingdom stretching over the southern highlands of Yemen. It can be traced back to the first century
bce
and disappeared at the end of the sixth century
ce
. After the annexation of the competing south‐Arabian kingdoms (third to fourth centuries
ce
), it extended its hold over the whole of the Arabian Peninsula. Its kings adopted Judaism in the late fourth century.
Tell el‐Farkha
Authors: Ciałowicz Krzysztof M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Tell el‐Farkha is located in the eastern delta and was first discovered by an Italian mission in 1987. The site was taken over by a Polish expedition in 1998. It is composed of three koms (Western, Central and Eastern) covering 4 ha. The oldest period (contemporaneous with Upper Egypt's Naqada IIB‐C; ca. 3700–3500
bce
) is associated with the Lower Egyptian culture. During Naqada IID1 (3500–3450
bce
) Upper Egyptians associated with the Naqada culture settled in Tell el‐Farkha. The site flourished from Naqada IID2 into mid‐Dynasty 1 (3450–3000
bce
) when it started to decline, although it remained occupied into the early 4th Dynasty (ca. 2600
bce
), after which it was abandoned.
Cp*Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Methylation and Arylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides at the C‐8 Position
Authors: Wang Bao , Li Chunpu , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a Cp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed directed C−H methylation of quinoline N‐oxides at the C‐8 position using commercially available organotrifluoroborates as reagents. This method features perfect regioselectivity, relatively mild reaction conditions, and diverse functional group tolerance with good to excellent yields. Additionally, direct C‐8 arylated quinoline N‐oxides products could also be obtained under the same conditions. Preliminary mechanistic experiments were conducted and a possible mechanism was proposed.magnified image
Novel Dimethylmethylene‐Bridged Triphenylamine‐PDI Acceptor for Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xiong Yu , Wu Bo , Zheng Xiaoyan , Zhao Zheng , Deng Ping , Lin Ming , Tang Benzhong , Ong Beng S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA novel, star‐shaped electron acceptor, DMTPA‐PDI3, derived from a planar dimethylmethylene‐bridged triphenylamine core with three acetylene‐linked perylene diimide (PDI) units is developed as a nonfullerene acceptor for organic solar cells (OSCs). DMTPA‐PDI3 manifests significantly reduced intramolecular twisting, enabling sufficient system‐wide π‐electron delocalization leading to broadened spectral absorption and raised lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. As a result, higher and more balanced hole and electron transport properties are observed. Active layers for OSCs comprising DMTPA‐PDI3 acceptor and PBT7‐Th donor exhibit suppressed intermolecular aggregation, giving rise to uniform nanophase network formation. These OSC devices have afforded respectably high power‐conversion efficiency of about 5%.
Single‐Enzyme Biofuel Cells
Authors: Ji Chao , Hou Jingwei , Wang Kai , Ng Yun Hau , Chen Vicki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate that the intramolecular electron transfer within a single enzyme molecule is an important alternative pathway that can be harnessed to generate electricity. By decoupling the redox reactions within a single type of enzyme (for example, Trametes versicolor laccase), we harvested electricity efficiently from unconventional fuels including recalcitrant pollutants (for example, bisphenol A and hydroquinone) in a single‐laccase biofuel cell. The intramolecular electron‐harnessing concept was further demonstrated with other enzymes, including power generation during CO2 bioconversion to formate catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii. The novel single‐enzyme biofuel cell is shown to have potential for utilizing wastewater as a fuel as well as for generating energy while driving bioconversion of chemical feedstock from CO2.
Ceria–Zirconia Nanoparticles as an Enhanced Multi‐Antioxidant for Sepsis Treatment
Authors: Soh Min , Kang Dong‐Wan , Jeong Han‐Gil , Kim Dokyoon , Kim Do Yeon , Yang Wookjin , Song Changyeong , Baik Seungmin , Choi In‐Young , Ki Seul‐Ki , Kwon Hyek Jin , Kim Taeho , Kim Chi Kyung , Lee Seung‐Hoon , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe two oxidation states of ceria nanoparticles, Ce3+ and Ce4+, play a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, Ce3+ is largely responsible for removing O2− and .OH that are associated with inflammatory response and cell death. The synthesis is reported of 2 nm ceria–zirconia nanoparticles (CZ NPs) that possess a higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio and faster conversion from Ce4+ to Ce3+ than those exhibited by ceria nanoparticles. The obtained Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 (7CZ) NPs greatly improve ROS scavenging performance, thus regulating inflammatory cells in a very low dose. Moreover, 7CZ NPs are demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality and systemic inflammation in two representative sepsis models. These findings suggest that 7CZ NPs have the potential as a therapeutic nanomedicine for treating ROS‐related inflammatory diseases.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Bridged [5+2] Cycloaddition of cis‐Allene‐vinylcyclopropanes to Synthesize the Bicyclo[4.3.1]decane Skeleton
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Hang , Yu Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPreviously reported was that cis‐ene‐vinylcyclopropanes (cis‐ene‐VCPs) underwent Rh‐catalyzed [5+2] reaction to give 5,7‐fused bicyclic products, where vinylcyclopropane (VCP) acts as five‐carbon synthon. Unfortunately, this reaction had very limited scope. Replacing the 2π component of cis‐ene‐VCPs to allene moiety, the corresponding cis‐allene‐VCPs did not undergo the expected normal [5+2] cycloaddition to give 5,7‐fused bicyclic products. Instead, the challenging bicyclo[4.3.1]decane skeleton was obtained via an unprecedented bridged [5+2] cycloaddition. DFT calculations were applied to understand why this bridged [5+2] reaction is favored over the anticipated but not realized normal [5+2] reaction.
Tuning the Inter‐nanofibril Interaction To Regulate the Morphology and Function of Peptide/DNA Co‐assembled Viral Mimics
Authors: Ni Rong , Chau Ying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ability to tune the inter‐subunit interaction within the virus capsid may be critical to assembly and biological function. This process was extended here with peptide/DNA co‐assembled viral mimics. The resulting co‐assemblies, formed and stabilized by both peptide nanofibril–DNA and peptide nanofibril–nanofibril interactions, were tuned through hydrophobic packing interactions of the peptide sequences. By strengthening peptide side‐chain complementarity and/or elongating the peptide chain (from 4 to 8 residues), we report strengthening the inter‐nanofibril interaction to create stable nanococoons that give high gene‐transfection efficacy.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Functional Giant Polymeric Vesicles Controlled by Oscillatory Chemistry
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Perez‐Mercader Juan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe introduce a novel application of an oscillatory chemical reaction to the synthesis of block copolymers. The Belousov–Zhabotinsky (B‐Z) reaction is coupled with the polymerization of an amphiphilic block copolymer. Radicals generated in the B‐Z reaction initiate the polymerization between a polyethylene glycol (PEG) macroreversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer agent and butyl acrylate monomers. The attachment of a hydrophobic block on PEG leads to self‐assembly and formation of spherical micelles. The nanoscale micelles transform into submicrometer vesicles and grow to giant vesicles as a consequence of the oscillatory behavior of the B‐Z reaction. The one‐pot synthesis of an amphiphilic di‐block copolymer and retention of oscillatory behavior for the B‐Z reaction with the formation of giant vesicles bring a new insight into possible pathways for the synthesis of active functional microreactors in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers.
The Cope Rearrangement of 1,5‐Dimethylsemibullvalene‐2(4)‐d1: Experimental Evidence for Heavy‐Atom Tunneling
Authors: Schleif Tim , Mieres‐Perez Joel , Henkel Stefan , Ertelt Melanie , Borden Weston Thatcher , Sander Wolfram 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs an experimental test of the theoretical prediction that heavy‐atom tunneling is involved in the degenerate Cope rearrangement of semibullvalenes at cryogenic temperatures, monodeuterated 1,5‐dimethylsemibullvalene isotopomers were prepared and investigated by IR spectroscopy using the matrix isolation technique. As predicted, the less thermodynamically stable isotopomer rearranges at cryogenic temperatures in the dark to the more stable one, while broadband IR irradiation above 2000 cm−1 results in an equilibration of the isotopomeric ratio. Since this reaction proceeds with a rate constant in the order of 10−4 s−1 despite an experimental barrier of Ea=4.8 kcal mol−1 and with only a shallow temperature dependence, the results are interpreted in terms of heavy‐atom tunneling.
An Electrochemical Biosensor with Dual Signal Outputs: Toward Simultaneous Quantification of pH and O2 in the Brain upon Ischemia and in a Tumor during Cancer Starvation Therapy
Authors: Liu Li , Zhao Fan , Liu Wei , Zhu Tong , Zhang John Z. H. , Chen Chen , Dai Zhihui , Peng Huisheng , Huang Jun‐Long , Hu Qin , Bu Wenbo , Tian Yang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, we develop a novel method for designing electrochemical biosensors with both current and potential signal outputs for the simultaneous determination of two species in a living system. Oxygen (O2) and pH, simple and very important species, are employed as model molecules. By designing and synthesizing a new molecule, Hemin‐aminoferrocene (Hemin‐Fc), we create a single electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection and ratiometric quantification of O2 and pH in the brain. The reduction peak current of the hemin group increases with the concentration of O2 from 1.3 to 200.6 μm. Meanwhile, the peak potential positively shifts with decreasing pH from 8.0 to 5.5, resulting in the simultaneous determination of O2 and pH. The Fc group can serve as an internal reference for ratiometric biosensing because its current and potential signals remain almost constant with variations of O2 and pH. The developed biosensor has high temporal and spatial resolutions, as well as remarkable selectivity and accuracy, and is successfully applied in the real‐time quantification of O2 and pH in the brain upon ischemia, as well as in tumor during cancer therapy.
Bacteriophage Tail‐Tube Assembly Studied by Proton‐Detected 4D Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Zinke Maximilian , Fricke Pascal , Samson Camille , Hwang Songhwan , Wall Joseph S. , Lange Sascha , Zinn‐Justin Sophie , Lange Adam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObtaining unambiguous resonance assignments remains a major bottleneck in solid‐state NMR studies of protein structure and dynamics. Particularly for supramolecular assemblies with large subunits (>150 residues), the analysis of crowded spectral data presents a challenge, even if three‐dimensional (3D) spectra are used. Here, we present a proton‐detected 4D solid‐state NMR assignment procedure that is tailored for large assemblies. The key to recording 4D spectra with three indirect carbon or nitrogen dimensions with their inherently large chemical shift dispersion lies in the use of sparse non‐uniform sampling (as low as 2 %). As a proof of principle, we acquired 4D (H)COCANH, (H)CACONH, and (H)CBCANH spectra of the 20 kDa bacteriophage tail‐tube protein gp17.1 in a total time of two and a half weeks. These spectra were sufficient to obtain complete resonance assignments in a straightforward manner without use of previous solution NMR data.
Physical, morphological, and biological studies on PLA/nHA composite nanofibrous webs containing Equisetum arvense herbal extract for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Khakestani Maliheh , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Zahedi Payam , Bagheri Reza , Hajiaghaee Reza 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA series of herbal extract incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully prepared by using electrospinning technique. Equisetum arvense extract (EE) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) in different quantities were loaded into PLA solution to fabricate composite nanofibrous webs under various electrospinning conditions. Uniform nanofibers were obtained with an average diameter of 157 ± 47 nm in the case of those containing the herbal extract. Characterization of the webs was carried out by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Mechanical properties, porosity, and contact angle of the prepared webs were also determined. Releasing behavior was investigated in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) medium. Moreover, cell studies and osteogenic capacity were assessed in vitro using human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (AT‐MSC). Evaluations of cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation of AT‐MSC were done by SEM observation and thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation capability of AT‐MSC on the nanofibrous webs was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content assay. It was found that with the addition of nHA and EE to PLA nanofibrous webs, their surface hydrophobicity was reduced while the tensile strength and Young's modulus were increased satisfactorily. Regarding the samples containing EE and nHA, cellular adhesion was observed with flattened normal morphology. Osteogenic differentiation of AT‐MSC on PLA/nHA/EE webs showed the highest mineralization capacity after 3 weeks which, was about 1.8 and 3 times higher than that of PLA/nHA and tissue culture polystyrene as control, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45343.
Excellent Selectivity with High Conversion in the Semihydrogenation of Alkynes using Palladium‐Based Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Liu Jian , Zhu Yanan , Liu Chang , Wang Xiaoshi , Cao Changyan , Song Weiguo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of active‐carbon‐supported PdPb and PdCu bimetal catalysts were prepared for the selective semihydrogenation of alkynes in the liquid phase. The Pd0.33Pb0.67/C catalyst showed the best performance for various alkynes under mild reaction conditions (room temperature and ambient H2 pressure) and achieved 100 % conversion with 98 % selectivity to alkenes. In particular, over‐hydrogenation was avoided at complete alkyne conversion.
Mechanistic Insights on the Reduction of CO2 to Silylformates Catalyzed by Ir‐NSiN Species
Authors: Julián Alejandro , Guzmán Jefferson , Jaseer E. A. , Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Royo Raquel , Polo Víctor , García‐Orduña Pilar , Lahoz Fernando J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe hydrosilylation of CO2 with different silanes such as HSiEt3, HSiMe2Ph, HSiMePh2, HSiMe(OSiMe3)2, and HSi(OSiMe3)3 in the presence of catalytic ammounts of the iridium(III) complex [Ir(H)(CF3CO2)(NSiN*)(coe)] (1; NSiN*=fac‐bis‐(4‐methylpyridine‐2‐yloxy); coe=cis‐cyclooctene) has been comparatively studied. The activity of the hydrosilylation catalytic system based on 1 depends on the nature of the reducing agent, where HSiMe(OSiMe3)2 has proven to be the most active. The aforementioned reactions were found to be highly selective toward the formation of the corresponding silylformate. It has been found that using 1 as catalyst precursor above 328 K decreases the activity through a thermally competitive mechanistic pathway. Indeed, the reduction of the ancillary trifluoroacetate ligand to give the corresponding silylether CF3CH2OSiR3 has been observed. Moreover, mechanistic studies for the 1‐catalyzed CO2‐hydrosilylation reaction based on experimental and theoretical studies suggest that 1 prefers an inner‐sphere mechanism for the CO2 reduction, whereas the closely related [Ir(H)(CF3SO3)(NSiN)(coe)] catalyst, bearing a triflate instead of trifluoroacetate ligand, follows an outer‐sphere mechanism.
A Self‐Assembled Trigonal Prismatic Molecular Vessel for Catalytic Dehydration Reactions in Water
Authors: Das Paramita , Kumar Atul , Howlader Prodip , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA water‐soluble Pd6 trigonal prism (A) was synthesized by two‐component coordination‐driven self‐assembly of a PdII 90° acceptor with a tetraimidazole donor. The walls of the prism are constructed by three conjugated aromatic building blocks, which means that the confined pocket of the prism is hydrophobic. In addition to the hydrophobic cavity, large product egress windows make A an ideal molecular vessel to catalyze otherwise challenging pseudo‐multicomponent dehydration reactions in its confined nanospace in aqueous medium. This study is an attempt at selective generation of the intermediate tetraketones and xanthenes by fine‐tuning the reaction conditions employing a supramolecular molecular vessel. Moreover, either poor or no yield of the dehydrated products in the absence of A under similar reaction conditions supports the ability of the confined space of the barrel to promote such reactions in water. Furthermore, we focused on the rigidification of the tetraphenylethylene‐based tetraimidazole unit anchored within the PdII coordination architecture; enabling counter‐anion dependent aggregation induced emission in the presence of water.