bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between the Politics of Difference and the Poetics of Similarity
Authors: Chatziprokopiou Marios , Hatziprokopiou Panos 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper studies the ritual of Ashura as performed by a group of Shia Pakistani migrants in Piraeus, Greece, inscribed in the context of the financial crisis that is currently shaking the country and its socio-political implications, notably the rise of the far-right. Based on participant observation, we start by unfolding the discourses through which our interlocutors attempt to legitimise their religious practices, by connecting the Karbala narrative with the current political oppression of Shiite minorities, but also by articulating a poetics of similarity with equivalent acts of faith from the Greek cultural context, rather than arguments on multiculturalist difference. We then turn our attention to the way Ashura is portrayed by Greek art and media, and we unpack how the poetics of similarity and the politics of difference are presented from different viewpoints. Finally, we study how the interrelations between this migrant Shiite community and ideas regarding the “national self” are manifested in symbolic uses of blood—from murderous threats received by Neo-Nazi groups, to their rejected proposal for a blood-donation campaign parallel to the Ashura.
Being a “True” Shi’ite: The Poetics of Emotions among Belgian-Moroccan Shiites
Authors: Lechkar Iman 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article explores the poetics of emotions among Belgian-Moroccan Shiites, and considers how the emotional disposition of sadness is nurtured through the shedding of tears, in order to develop a specific Shia morality based on God’s justice (ʿadl). Once Shiism is embraced, Moroccan Belgians dedicate themselves to cultivating sadness. I argue that emotions are primordial in the socialisation process of Moroccan Belgians into Shia faith. They recognise that crying is a specific Shia disposition that is initially quite hard to attain, but it is fundamental if one wants to be a “true” Shiite.
Shiite “Communities of Practice” in Germany
Authors: Langer Robert , Weineck Benjamin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Although few in number, the various Shiite Muslim communities in Germany are highly diversified in terms of their linguistic, national and ethnic backgrounds and ritual practice. In order to come to terms with these multi-local actors and their specific articulations of Shiism, the article aimes at an analytical framework that integrates an open understanding of belonging: employing Leave and Wenger’s concept of “communities of practice”, it argues that a focus on common practice in which heterogeneous actors engage, enables us to grasp, on the one hand, the varying specific characteristics of different groups and, on the other, their mutual belonging to the wider Shiite field.
International Investment Arbitration in Thailand: Limiting Contract-Based Claims While Maintaining Treaty-Based ISDS
Authors: Nottage Luke , Thanitcul Sakda 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Thailand was initially cautious with its bilateral investment treaties (BITs), consistently eschewing investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). From 1989 it began agreeing to ISDS, but only if both states were party to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States, which Thailand signed in 1965 but never ratified. From 1993, BITs increasingly provided for ad hoc arbitration. Major disputes emerged from the 1990s instead under contracts with foreign investors containing arbitration clauses. From 2004 concession contracts required Cabinet pre-approval. This limitation was extended to all public contracts from 2009, after the first treaty-based ISDS award against Thailand, although two further claims have been filed recently. A 2002 Model bit was revised in 2013 to incorporate more pro-host-state provisions, but Thailand had net foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows in 2011 and still concludes treaties with ISDS. These patterns suggest ‘more than bounded’ rationality.
The Termination of Indonesia’s BITs: Changing the Bathwater, But Keeping the Baby?
Authors: Crockett Antony 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In 2014, Indonesia began progressively to terminate the 67 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) it has signed since the late 1960s. It does not appear to be Indonesia’s intention, however, to completely abandon investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) and it is likely that ISDS provisions will be included in a number of new regional treaties being negotiated by Indonesia, including the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Contrary to Poulsen’s theory of ‘bounded rationality’ it is suggested that Indonesia was not completely ignorant of the implications when it negotiated its first BITs in the 1960s, nor did it merely accept templates foisted upon it by the capital exporting countries of the West. Recent developments appear to confirm that, notwithstanding its decision to terminate its BITs, Indonesia still considers it important that foreign investors are assured of some minimum standards of protection, governed by international law and backed by access to neutral international dispute resolution.
Malaysia and Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Learning From Experience
Authors: Jusoh Sufian , Razak Muhammad Faliq Abd , Mazlan Mohamad Azim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Malaysia is an important destination for foreign direct investment and has signed more than 70 investment guarantee agreements. Most allow investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) and Malaysia has been subject to three claims, including two fully argued cases: Philippe Gruslin and Malaysian Historical Salvor. Yet Malaysian companies have also utilised ISDS provisions: in MTD Equity Bhd v Chile, Telekom Malaysia v Ghana, and Ekran Berhad v China (the first-ever ISDS claim against China). These cases provide lessons for Malaysia in becoming better prepared to negotiate newer generations of investment treaties, and to defend further potential cases. Malaysia has not reacted negatively to investment treaties despite the cases filed against the country. In fact, in light of its evolving interests Malaysia has become more of a rule-maker in international investment law rather than a rule-taker. Malaysia thereby continues to liberalise its investment regime and provide better transparency – the best defence against claims.
International Investment Dispute Resolution in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Nguyen Manh Dzung , Nguyen Thi Thu Trang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Integration into the global market brings both challenges and opportunities for the Vietnamese legal system. As investment dispute prevention and settlement has not received much attention from the Vietnamese government, Vietnam experienced difficulties in dispute resolution when faced with investment claims. The reluctance to recognise and enforce foreign arbitral awards in Vietnam to protect local parties has resulted in a number of commercial disputes escalating into investment treaty claims. These experiences have, however, allowed Vietnam to identify defects in its legal framework, human resources and governance, and prompted the government to take measures to reduce the risk of being sued by foreign investors. Even though the effectiveness of these measures has not yet been proven, investment disputes have brought opportunities as well as challenges for Vietnam.
Structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex in euthymic females with bipolar disorder
Authors: Minuzzi Luciano , Syan Sabrina K , Smith Mara , Hall Alexander , Hall Geoffrey BC , Frey Benicio N 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Current evidence from neuroimaging data suggests possible dysfunction of the fronto-striatal-limbic circuits in individuals with bipolar disorder. Somatosensory cortical function has been implicated in emotional recognition, risk-taking and affective responses through sensory modalities. This study investigates anatomy and function of the somatosensory cortex in euthymic bipolar women. Methods: In total, 68 right-handed euthymic women (bipolar disorder = 32 and healthy controls = 36) between 16 and 45 years of age underwent high-resolution anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging during the mid-follicular menstrual phase. The somatosensory cortex was used as a seed region for resting-state functional connectivity analysis. Voxel-based morphometry was used to evaluate somatosensory cortical gray matter volume between groups. Results: We found increased resting-state functional connectivity between the somatosensory cortex and insular cortex, inferior prefrontal gyrus and frontal orbital cortex in euthymic bipolar disorder subjects compared to healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry analysis showed decreased gray matter in the left somatosensory cortex in the bipolar disorder group. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis controlled by age did not reveal any additional significant difference between groups. Conclusion: This study is the first to date to evaluate anatomy and function of the somatosensory cortex in a well-characterized sample of euthymic bipolar disorder females. Anatomical and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex in this population might contribute to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
The Magnitude of a Community’s Health Needs and Nonprofit Hospitals’ Progress in Meeting Those Needs: Are We Faced With a Paradox?
Authors: Singh Simone R. , Cramer Geri R. , Young Gary J. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Although most nonprofit hospitals are required to conduct periodic community health needs assessments (CHNAs), such assessments arguably are most critical for communities with substantial health needs. The objective of this study was to describe differences in progress in conducting CHNAs between hospitals located in communities with the greatest compared with the fewest health needs. Methods: We used data on CHNA activity from the 2013 tax filings of 1331 US hospitals combined with data on community health needs from the County Health Rankings. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine differences in hospitals’ progress in implementing comprehensive CHNAs using 4 activities: (1) strategies to address identified needs, (2) participation in developing community-wide plans, (3) including CHNA into a hospital’s operational plan, and (4) developing a budget to address identified needs. We compared progress in communities with the greatest and the fewest health needs using a comprehensive indicator comprising a community’s socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, access to medical care, and physical environment. Results: In 2013, nonprofit hospitals serving communities with the greatest health needs conducted an average of 2.5 of the 4 CHNA activities, whereas hospitals serving communities with the fewest health needs conducted an average of 2.7 activities. Multivariate analysis, however, showed a negative but not significant relationship between the magnitude of a community’s health needs and a hospital’s progress in implementing comprehensive CHNAs. Conclusions: Hospitals serving communities with the greatest health needs face high demand for free and reduced-cost care, which may limit their ability to invest more of their community benefit dollars in initiatives aimed at improving the health of the community.
Analysis of Reported Balloon Malfunctions and Proposed Rescue Strategy for Malfunction during Airway Dilation
Authors: Strong E. Brandon , Randall Derrick R. , Cates Daniel J. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThe rate of balloon dilator failure is unknown, and a rescue strategy for device malfunction has not been established. The purposes of this investigation were to determine the approximate number of balloon failures in the gastrointestinal tract and airway, evaluate the parameters required to rupture balloon dilators, and develop a rescue strategy to efficiently reestablish airway patency.Study DesignRetrospective cohort and basic medical research.SettingAcademic tertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsThe Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database was queried for adverse events associated with tracheal and esophageal dilators between January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2017. A bench‐top model of airway stenosis was developed, and optimal conditions for the safe removal of a malfunctioning dilator were assessed (2, 4, 6 atm).ResultsThere were 420 reported balloon malfunctions, including 104 cases with deflation/removal issues. The bench‐top model determined that device rupture allowing for immediate removal occurs with needle puncture at balloon pressures ≥8 atm. Balloons inflated to 6 atm required a median of 17.5 seconds (range, 0‐55.3) for removal, in comparison with 30.2 seconds (range, 7.1‐87.5) at 2 atm (P >. 05).ConclusionBalloon dilator malfunction is a significant problem that practitioners must be prepared for. Pressure ≥8 atm (~33% overinflation) is required to consistently cause complete balloon dilator rupture via needle puncture. While counterintuitive, increasing the inflation pressure of a malfunctioning balloon (8‐10 atm) may expedite rupture and safe removal. A rescue strategy for balloon malfunction is proposed.
Dying persons’ perspectives on, or experiences of, participating in research: An integrative review
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J , Hutchinson Alison M , Brooks Laura , Botti Mari 
Published: December 2017

Background: Conducting research with dying persons can be controversial and challenging due to concerns for the vulnerability of the dying and the potential burden on those who participate with the possibility of little benefit. Aim: To conduct an integrative review to answer the question ‘What are dying persons’ perspectives or experiences of participating in research? Design: A structured integrative review of the empirical literature was undertaken. Data sources: Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Complete, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Informit and Embase databases were searched for the empirical literature published since inception of the databases until February 2017. Results: From 2369 references, 10 papers were included in the review. Six were qualitative studies, and the remaining four were quantitative. Analysis revealed four themes: value of research, desire to help, expression of self and participation preferences. Dying persons value research participation, regarding their contribution as important, particularly if it provides an opportunity to help others. Participants perceived that the potential benefits of research can and should be measured in ways other than life prolongation or cure. Willingness to participate is influenced by study type or feature and degree of inconvenience. Conclusion: Understanding dying persons’ perspectives of research participation will enhance future care of dying persons. It is essential that researchers do not exclude dying persons from clinically relevant research due to their prognosis, fear or burden or perceived vulnerability. The dying should be afforded the opportunity to participate in research with the knowledge it may contribute to science and understanding and improve the care and treatment of others.
Past Methylphenidate Exposure and Stress Fractures in Combat Soldiers: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Schermann Haggai , Ben-Ami Ilan Shalom , Tudor Adrian , Amar Eyal , Rath Ehud , Yanovich Ran 
Published: December 2017

Background: Previous research has revealed decreased bone mineral density (BMD) among children and adolescents who receive methylphenidate (MP) treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings have major clinical implications given that the prevalence of medication-treated ADHD is on the rise worldwide. We decided to investigate the clinical effect of MP exposure on the incidence of stress fractures, for which a low BMD is a risk factor. Hypothesis: Exposure to MP is a risk factor for stress fractures. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This is a case-control study of combat soldiers who served in the military for 3 years between 2005 and 2015. The case group included 2400 soldiers with at least 1 stress fracture diagnosed by a bone scan. The control group comprised 6187 combat soldiers without a diagnosis of a stress fracture. The use of MP was determined by an automated text search of medical records and manual sorting of the results. Other study variables included age; sex; weight; height; body mass index (BMI); place of birth; and characterization of fractures by location, side, and grade. Odds ratios of stress fractures, the attributable proportion among the exposed, and the population attributable fraction were calculated using standard contingency tables. Logistic regression was fitted after adjusting for covariates. Results: The previous use of MP was associated with a higher risk of stress fractures (odds ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07-1.24]). The attributable proportion was 13.2%, and the population attributable fraction was 0.3%. Logistic regression demonstrated an increased risk of stress fractures associated with past MP use, preserved after adjusting for BMI, sex, and place of birth ( P = .005). Female sex, BMI ≤20 kg/m2, and 20 < BMI ≤25 kg/m2 were independent positive predictors of a stress fracture, while African origin was a negative predictor. Most participants who used MP had only 1 fracture (77.8%), while the majority of participants who did not use MP in the past had ≥2 coincident fractures (53.5%) ( P = .003). Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that an MP-associated reduction in BMD has a clinical effect in the form of an increased incidence of stress fractures. The high percentage of fractures attributed to MP use may serve as a basis for risk stratification, that is, the referral of patients with a history of MP use to BMD measurements.
Nebulized Heparin With N-Acetylcysteine and Albuterol Reduces Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With Inhalation Injury
Authors: McGinn Kaitlin A. , Weigartz Katie , Lintner Alicia , Scalese Michael J. , Kahn Steven A. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Nebulized heparin has been proposed to improve pulmonary function in patients with inhalation injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of nebulized heparin with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and albuterol on the duration of mechanical ventilation in burn patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating mechanically ventilated adult patients admitted to a regional burn center with inhalation injury. Outcomes were compared between patients who were prescribed a combination of nebulized heparin with NAC and albuterol versus similar patients who did not. Results: A total of 48 patients met inclusion criteria (heparin n = 22; nonheparin n = 26). Patients in the nonheparin group had higher percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned (29.00 [5.75-51.88] vs 5.25 [0.50-13.25] %TBSA; P = .009), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (6.50 [2.75-17.00] vs 3.00 [1.00-8.25] days; P = .022), and longer intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) (3.00 [3.00-28.75] vs 5.50 days [2.00-11.25]; P = .033). Upon regression, use of heparin was the only variable associated with reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation ( P = .039). Conclusion: Nebulized heparin in combination with NAC and albuterol was associated with a significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation.
Morphine Delays Discharge following Ambulatory Surgery: A Prospective Institutional study
Authors: Basu Narendra Nath , Kald Bengt , Heath Dugal 
Published: December 2017

Introduction - Morphine is used regularly in day surgery despite its known side-effects. We assessed whether this delayed discharge. Patients and methods - 100 patients were divided into 2 groups: 50 patients received morphine and 50 patients received non-morphine analgesia. Demographic data and reasons for delayed discharge were recorded. Results – 73% of all major cases received morphine compared to only 19% of minor cases. Operative and recovery times were significantly greater in the morphine group. 58% of patients given morphine had a delayed discharge compared to 14% of patients not given morphine. Conclusions - Morphine use in day surgery is associated with increased operating and recovery times and higher rates of delayed discharge.
Multidisciplinary Education Improves Prescription of Balanced Crystalloids: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bosworth Kerry , Findlay John M , Spencer Sarah 
Published: December 2017

Objective To assess the use of balanced and unbalanced crystalloids in adult surgical patients. Method Prospective study of 65 adult emergency general surgical admissions in a UK acute district general hospital, with a further 45 patients studied following educational interventions. Results 36.4% of patients studied were prescribed inappropriate saline for resuscitation/replacement before the intervention. This compared with no inappropriate prescriptions (0%) after educational intervention (p = 0.0137). Conclusion Simple multidisciplinary educational interventions can improve intravenous fluid prescription.
James Parkinson: Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ellis Harold 
Published: December 2017

Parkinson's disease is a condition that anyone with a modicum of medical knowledge can recognise in the street - as indeed how it was studied by James Parkinson himself. Its three characteristic features are: 1. Increase in the tone of the voluntary muscles (rigidity). 2. Slowness of movement (bradykinesis). 3. Tremor (the characteristic ‘pill rolling’ movements of the fingers).
Ventilatory efficiency and aerobic capacity in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized study
Authors: Riksfjord Stine Maren , Brændvik Siri Merete , Røksund Ola D , Aamot Inger-Lise 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: To assess ventilatory efficiency and aerobic capacity in people with multiple sclerosis and whether treadmill walking or progressive strength training has an effect on these parameters in this population. Methods: In all, 24 adults with multiple sclerosis with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of ≤6 completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after 8 weeks of exercise. They were randomized to treadmill walking of low-to-moderate intensity (50%–70% of peak heart rate) or progressive strength training (six repetitions × two at 80% of one repetition maximum). Both groups exercised for 30 min three times per week. Primary outcome measure was ventilatory efficiency measured as the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) ratio and oxygen uptake efficiency slope. Secondary outcome was aerobic capacity, measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Results: Despite low aerobic capacity, ventilatory efficiency was found to be within normal range. After 8 weeks of exercise, no significant between-group differences emerged in (1) VE/VCO2 ratio (26 ± 2.2 to 26 ± 2.0, 29 ± 2.0 to 28 ± 2.3, p = 0.66), (2) oxygen uptake efficiency slope (2697 ± 442 to 2701 ± 577, 2473 ± 800 to 2481 ± 896, p = 0.71), or (3) VO2peak in mL/kg/min (28 ± 4.4 to 30 ± 4.3, 29 ± 6.7 to 29 ± 6.4, p = 0.38) in treadmill walking and progressive strength training, respectively. There were no significant within-group differences either. No adverse events occurred during cardiopulmonary exercise test or exercise training. Conclusion: In people with mild-to-moderate multiple sclerosis, 8 weeks of treadmill walking of low-to-moderate intensity or progressive strength training did not have any effect on ventilatory efficiency or aerobic capacity. Although aerobic capacity was lower than reference values, ventilatory efficiency was not reduced.