bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated translocation of a gene cassette drives sex chromosome turnover in strawberries
Authors: Tennessen Jacob A , Wei Na , Straub Shannon , Govindarajulu Rajanikanth , Liston Aaron , Ashman Tia-Lynn 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTurnovers of sex-determining systems represent important diversifying forces across eukaryotes. Shifts in sex chromosomes, but conservation of the master sex-determining genes, characterize distantly-related animal lineages. Yet in plants, where separate sexes have evolved repeatedly and sex chromosomes are typically homomorphic, we do not know whether such translocations drive turnovers within closely related groups. This phenomenon can only be demonstrated by identifying sex-associated nucleotide sequences, still largely unknown in plants. The wild North American octoploid strawberries (Fragaria) exhibit separate sexes (dioecy) with homomorphic, female heterogametic (ZW) inheritance, yet sex maps to at least three different chromosomes. To characterize these turnovers, we sequenced the complete genomes of 60 plants of known sex from fiveFragariataxa. We identified 31-mers unique to females and assembled their reads into contigs. Remarkably, a short (13 kb) sequence is observed in nearly all females and never in male-fertile individuals, implicating it as the sex-determining region (SDR). This female-specific “SDR cassette” contains both a gene with a known role in fruit and pollen production and a novel retrogene absent on Z and autosomal chromosomes. Comparing SDR cassettes across taxa reveals a history of repeated translocation, which can be ordered temporally due to the capture of adjacent sequence with each successive move. The accumulation of these “souvenirs” suggests an adaptive basis for the expanding (up to at least 23 kb) hemizygous region. This is the first plant SDR known to be translocated, and it suggests a new mechanism (“move-lock-grow”) for expansion and diversification of incipient sex chromosomes.Significance StatementSex chromosomes frequently restructure themselves during organismal evolution, often becoming highly differentiated. This dynamic process is poorly understood for most taxa, especially during the early stages typical of many dioecious plants. In wild strawberries, a sex-determining region of DNA has repeatedly changed its genomic location, each time increasing the size of the hemizygous female-specific sequence. This observation shows for the first time that plant sex regions can “jump”, and suggests that this phenomenon may be adaptive by gathering and locking new genes into linkage with sex. This conserved and presumed causal sequence with a variable genomic location presents a unique opportunity to understand how sex chromosomes first begin to differentiate.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding of rivers: Not all eDNA is everywhere, and not all the time
Authors: Macher Jan-Niklas , Leese Florian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnvironmental DNA metabarcoding has become a popular tool for the assessment of freshwater biodiversity, but it is largely unclear how sampling time and location influence the assessment of communities. Abiotic factors in rivers can change on small spatial and temporal scale and might greatly influence eDNA metabarcoding results. In this study, we sampled three German rivers at four locations per sampling site: 1. Left river side, surface water 2. Right river side, surface water, 3. Left side, close to the riverbed, 4. Right side, close to the riverbed. For the rivers Ruhr and Möhne, sampling was conducted three times in spring, each sampling one week apart. The Ruhr was again sampled in autumn and the Gillbach was sampled in winter. Sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq with COI primers Bf2/BR2 revealed diverse communities (6493 Operational taxonomic units, OTUs), which largely differed between rivers. Communities changed significantly over time in the Ruhr, but not in the Möhne. Sampling location influenced recovered communities in the Möhne and in the Ruhr in autumn. Our results have important implications for future eDNA studies, which should take into account that not all eDNA in rivers is everywhere and not at all times.
PCA based state reduction for inverse problems using prior information
Authors: Neumayer Markus , Bretterklieber Thomas , Flatscher Matthias , Puttinger Stefan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Inverse problems are often marked by highly dimensional state vectors. The high dimension affects the quality of the estimation result as well as the computational complexity of the estimation problem. This paper aims to present a state reduction technique based on prior knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
Ill-posed inverse problems require prior knowledge to find a stable solution. The prior distribution is constructed for the high-dimensional data space. The authors use the prior distribution to construct a reduced state description based on a lower-dimensional basis, which they derive from the prior distribution. The approach is tested for the inverse problem of electrical capacitance tomography.

Findings
Based on a singular value decomposition of a sample-based prior distribution, a reduced state model can be constructed, which is based on principal components of the prior distribution. The approximation error of the reduced basis is evaluated, showing good behavior with respect to the achievable data reduction. Owing to the structure, the reduced state representation can be applied within existing algorithms.

Practical implications
The full state description is a linear function of the reduced state description. The reduced basis can be used within any existing reconstruction algorithm. Increased noise robustness has been found for the application of the reduced state description in a back projection-type reconstruction algorithm.

Originality/value
The paper presents the construction of a prior-based state reduction technique. Several applications of the reduced state description are discussed, reaching from the use in deterministic reconstruction methods up to proposal generation for computational Bayesian inference, e.g. Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques.
Harmonic balanced Jiles-Atherton hysteresis implementation for finite element simulation
Authors: Wick Markus , Jüttner Matthias , Rucker Wolfgang M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The high calculation effort for accurate material loss simulation prevents its observation in most magnetic devices. This paper aims at reducing this effort for time periodic applications and so for the steady state of such devices.

Design/methodology/approach
The vectorized Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model is chosen for the accurate material losses calculation. It is transformed in the frequency domain and coupled with a harmonic balanced finite element solver. The beneficial Jacobian matrix of the material model in the frequency domain is assembled based on Fourier transforms of the Jacobian matrix in the time domain. A three-phase transformer is simulated to verify this method and to examine the multi-harmonic coupling.

Findings
A fast method to calculate the linearization of non-trivial material models in the frequency domain is shown. The inter-harmonic coupling is moderate, and so, a separated harmonic balanced solver is favored. The additional calculation effort compared to a saturation material model without losses is low. The overall calculation time is much lower than a time-dependent simulation.

Research limitations/implications
A moderate working point is chosen, so highly saturated materials may lead to a worse coupling. A single material model is evaluated. Researchers are encouraged to evaluate the suggested method on different material models. Frequency domain approaches should be in favor for all kinds of periodic steady-state applications.

Practical implications
Because of the reduced calculation effort, the simulation of accurate material losses becomes reasonable. This leads to a more accurate development of magnetic devices.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a new efficient method to calculate complex material models like the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis and their Jacobian matrices in the frequency domain.
Psychiatrists’ knowledge of novel psychoactive substances
Authors: Owie Raven Egheosa , Gosney Paul , Roney Andrew , O’Brien Aileen 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of experience and knowledge of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) amongst psychiatrists, asking them to rank NPS against other psychoactive substances in terms of concern and the role they believe NPS play in the diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was created and emailed to all 217 psychiatrists working for a large city Mental Health Trust.

Findings
In total, 108 of 217 psychiatrists responded to the survey. A majority of the respondents believed that their level of knowledge of NPS was inadequate and stated that they would like to receive more training. Half of them either named only one or no NPS that they had encountered within the last five years. There was a correlation between the experience of the respondent and the number of NPS that they could name.

Practical implications
Most of the respondents assessed their own knowledge of NPS as either poor or basic. Psychiatrists’ knowledge of NPS could be improved by having regular NPS-related training, by being sent regular updates on NPS and by including lectures in the Membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists courses. Psychiatrists should also be encouraged to access online resources such as NEPTUNE and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.

Originality/value
This is the first survey of the UK psychiatrists of their knowledge and experience of NPS.
Crisis management by HIV/AIDS non-governmental organisations in the post-Euromaidan Ukraine led to opening new horizons
Authors: Duchenko Anna , Deshko Tetiana , Braga Marina 
Published: July 2017

PurposeCivil society played a significant role during and after the 2014 revolution in Ukraine, which led to the resignation of President Yanukovich and his government and triggered a series of political, economic and social changes. In some areas, particularly by HIV and tuberculosis, the critical gaps threatened the emergence of a public health catastrophe. The purpose of this paper is to describe how civil society expands and strengthens its role in complex crisis situations, self-regulating and re-adjusting own aims and strategy by using the case of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) active in HIV prevention in high-risk groups and harm reduction.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the analysis of the case of Alliance of Public Health, one of the principal recipients of the Global Fund to Fight Tuberculosis, AIDS and Malaria in 2014-2016, during and after the Euromaidan Revolution in Ukraine.FindingsIn the post-Euromaidan era, NGO sector has been able to sustain the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic at a stable level despite significant limitations of resources and the overall fragile situation. Special efforts have been undertaken to continue activities in the conflict zone in the east of the country. Furthermore, NGOs managed to extend beyond their usual responsibilities, bridging the gaps in deteriorating public health and social systems, including taking the leadership in medical procurement; advocating for national plans development; and supplying medical goods to the uncontrolled territories in the east of the country.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first exploring the role of non-governmental sector in HIV/AIDS programmes in resource-scarce situation of political, social and economic crisis. Case description of the strategies and activities applied in the situation gives the possibility to reflect on raising the effectiveness of the response to existing and emerging public health issues in complex crisis, as well on the potential for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment advocacy to grow into global health diplomacy.
Explaining the inconsistent results of the impact of information technology investments on firm performance
Authors: Khallaf Ashraf , Omran Mohamed Aboelhamd , Zakaria Taha 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify potential reasons for inconsistent results of the economic value of information technology (IT) investments. Furthermore, the study aims to develop framework and propositions to explore future opportunities and directions for research that examine the returns on IT investments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a longitudinal analysis of the literature review concerning the impact of IT investments on firm performance to identify the reasons to the so-called “IT productivity paradox” and to explore future opportunities and directions for future research.

Findings
The study provides and discusses the reasons for the inconsistent results in the prior research that examines IT investments payoff and suggested a framework and propositions for future research. Results of prior studies should be interpreted in the context of research questions raised, data used, level of analysis, IT investment measures, firm performance measures, time horizon and industry characteristics.

Practical implications
IT managers and researchers should align IT investments with the environment in which a firm operates and competes and with firm’s business strategies as important determinants of the return on IT investments.

Originality/value
Understanding the link between firm performance and IT investments assists researchers and practitioners to understand why firms continue to pour enormous resources into IT and, more importantly, specifies the conditions under which firms are likely to achieve competitive advantages from their IT investments.
Business model innovation in base of the pyramid markets
Authors: Gebauer Heiko , Saul Caroline Jennings , Haldimann Mirella 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight how initial business models can be converted into a larger-scale solution for tapping into the emerging base-of-the-pyramid markets.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a qualitative, multi-case research design with 20 organizations tapping into the water market at the base-of-the-pyramid.

Findings
This paper explores three business models innovations: fostering value-in-context, allowing for modifiability and embracing organizational ambidexterity.

Research limitations/implications
Due to our qualitative research approach, generalizability of our findings is limited.

Practical implications
The description of the three business model innovations offers guidance for executives to make their business models financially more sustainable in base-of-the-pyramid markets.

Social implications
The water sector represents one especially interesting sector to examine business model innovations. For, among social goods, safe water remains a huge challenge to date where 700 million people remain without access to an improved water source.

Originality/value
Previous business model discussion in base-of-the-pyramid markets focuses on commercial goods. The authors focus on water as a social good. They demonstrate that the existing recommendations that business models in base-of-the-pyramid markets should be inclusive, complex, collaborative and scalable are mandatory, but not sufficient. In addition, business models should foster value-in-context, allow for modifiability and embrace organizational ambidexterity.
The impact of CEOs’ accounting backgrounds on earnings management and conservatism
Authors: Hu Nan , Huang Rong , Li Xu , Liu Ling 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Existing literature in experimental accounting research suggests that accounting professionals and people with accounting backgrounds tend to have a lower level of moral reasoning and ethical development. Motivated by these findings, this paper aims to examine whether chief executive officers (CEOs) with accounting backgrounds have an impact on firms’ earnings management behavior and the level of accounting conservatism.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors classify CEOs into those with and without accounting backgrounds using BoardEx data. Using discretionary accruals from several different models, they do not find that CEOs with accounting backgrounds are more likely to engage in income-increasing accruals. However, the authors find that CEOs with accounting backgrounds exhibit lower levels of conservatism, proxied by C-scores and T-scores (Basu, 1997). This finding suggests that CEOs with accounting backgrounds recognize bad news more quickly than good news, consistent with the accounting principle of “anticipating all losses but anticipating no gains”.

Findings
The authors show that firms whose CEOs have accounting backgrounds exhibit lower levels of accounting conservatism. However, these firms do not exhibit higher levels of income-increasing discretionary accruals. This study documents the impact of CEOs’ educational backgrounds on firms’ accounting choices and confirms prior findings in experimental accounting research using large sample archival data.

Originality/value
This paper is the first study that investigates the impact of CEOs’ accounting backgrounds on firms’ financial reporting policy. The findings may have some policy implications. If accounting backgrounds of CEOs can make a significant difference on firms’ behavior, it is reasonable to make CEOs accountable for the quality of financial reporting. This paper is one of the first to empirically test inferences drawn by experimental accounting research. There has been a gap between archival and experimental accounting studies. The authors propose that interesting research questions can be addressed by filling in such a gap.
Intellectual capital, knowledge management practices and firm performance
Authors: Hussinki Henri , Ritala Paavo , Vanhala Mika , Kianto Aino 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the association of different configurations of intellectual capital (IC) and knowledge management practices (KMP) with firm performance. Do firms with different profiles concerning their overall levels of IC and KMP differ in terms of innovation and market performance?Design/methodology/approachFirst, the firms were distributed into four distinct profiles based on their overall level of IC and utilization of KMP. Then, the four different IC/KMP profiles were evaluated with regard to their innovation and market performance.FindingsConsistent with the extant research, this study finds that the firms characterized with high levels of IC and high use of KMP are likely to outperform the firms with low overall levels of IC and KMP. On more interesting note, this study also demonstrates that firms characterized with high level of IC but only low utilization of KMP can match the innovation performance of the firms with high levels of IC and KMP.Practical implicationsWhile the results indicate that the level of IC alone could predict the innovation potential of the firm, the firms should use KMP to leverage the IC and to capitalize the knowledge potential. This result shows the merits of letting innovation flourish without strict managerial control, while pinpointing the relevance of knowledge management (KM) in exploitation of IC.Originality/valueAs one of the first attempts to merge the IC and KM approaches to find out which configurations could influence firm performance outcomes, this study provides the research community with valuable insights and sets the tone for further discussion.
Interpreting ELISA analyses from wild animal samples: Some recurrent issues and solutions
Authors: Garnier Romain , Ramos Raül , Sanz‐Aguilar Ana , Poisbleau Maud , Weimerskirch Henri , Burthe Sarah , Tornos Jeremy , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Many studies in disease and ecological immunology rely on the use of assays that quantify the amount of specific antibodies (immunoglobulin) in samples. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are increasingly used in ecology due to their availability for a broad array of antigens and the limited amount of sampling material they require. Two recurrent methodological issues are nevertheless faced by researchers: (1) the limited availability of immunological assays and reagents developed for non‐model species, and (2) the statistical determination of the cut‐off threshold used to distinguish individual samples that are likely to have or not to have antibodies against a specific antigen.

Here, we outline two solutions to deal with these issues. First, we show that implementing two assays with differing detection methods can help validate the use of reagents, such as antibodies, in species different from their intended target. We illustrate this by comparing the quantification of specific vaccinal antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using two ELISA approaches in four seabird species (Cory's shearwater, European shag, European storm petrel and Southern rockhopper penguin).

Second, we provide a simple way to determine from the distribution of ELISA values whether the assayed samples are likely to be made of a single group of individuals (likely negative) or of two groups of individuals (negative and positive). We illustrate the use of this approach with two independent datasets: NDV antibody levels following vaccination and anti‐Borrelia antibody levels following natural exposure.

The practical implementation of these methodological approaches could provide a way to efficiently apply ELISAs and other immune‐based assays to address questions in the growing fields of ecological immunology and disease ecology.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
A “Patch” to the NYU Emergency Department Visit Algorithm
Authors: Johnston Kenton J. , Allen Lindsay , Melanson Taylor A. , Pitts Stephen R. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo document erosion in the New York University Emergency Department (ED) visit algorithm's capability to classify ED visits and to provide a “patch” to the algorithm.Data SourcesThe Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.Study DesignWe used bivariate models to assess whether the percentage of visits unclassifiable by the algorithm increased due to annual changes to ICD‐9 diagnosis codes. We updated the algorithm with ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes added since 2001.Principal FindingsThe percentage of unclassifiable visits increased from 11.2 percent in 2006 to 15.5 percent in 2012 (p < .01), because of new diagnosis codes. Our update improves the classification rate by 43 percent in 2012 (p < .01).ConclusionsOur patch significantly improves the precision and usefulness of the most commonly used ED visit classification system in health services research.
Day length constrains the time budget of aphid predators
Authors: Joschinski Jens , Kiess Tim , Krauss Jochen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length – temperature correlations. Depending on the temporal niche, organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length, thus potentially affecting phenological adaptation. We assessed the impact of day length changes on larvae ofChrysoperla carnea(Stephens) andEpisyrphus balteatus(De Geer), both of which prey on aphids. Larvae ofE. balteatusare night‐active, whereas those ofC. carneaappear to be crepuscular. We subjected both species in climate chambers to day lengths of 16 : 8 L : D and, to circumvent diapause responses, 20 : 4 L : D. We recorded development times and predation rates of both species.E. balteatusgrew 13% faster in the 16 : 8 L : D treatment and preyed on significantly more aphids. In contrast,C. carneagrew 13% faster in the 20 : 4 L : D treatment and higher predation rates in 20 : 4 L : D were marginally significant. Our results show that day length affects development and predation, but that the direction depends on species. Such differences in the use of day length may alter the efficiency of biocontrol agents in a changing climate.