bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal decomposition study of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of commercially available oxides catalysts
Authors: Nisar Jan , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Iqbal Munawar , Shah Afzal , Ali Ghulam , Sayed Murtaza , Khan Rafaqat Ali , Shah Faheem , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe pyrolysis behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the presence of commercially available oxides catalysts was investigated using thermogravimetry. The pyrolysis proceeded under a heating rate of 5°C/min in the temperature range of 200–650°C. The thermogravimetric properties in terms of reduction in maximum degradation temperature and percent conversion were studied. The silica gel mesoporous catalyst, with a greater pore size and surface area, was found to be the most active materials in terms of reduction in maximum degradation temperature and increase in percent conversion. The alumina acidic, silica ppt, and alumina neutral catalysts also showed good results; however, their effects were less pronounced as compared to silica gel. The effects of these different catalysts show that surface area, pore size, and number of acidic sites are found to be the major factors for the energy efficient degradation of polymers.
Short‐term outcomes of open liver resection and laparoscopic liver resection: Secondary analysis of data from a multicenter prospective study (CSGO‐HBP‐004)
Authors: Kobayashi Shogo , Fukui Keisuke , Takeda Yutaka , Nakahira Shin , Tsujie Masanori , Shimizu Junzo , Miyamoto Atsushi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nagano Hiroaki , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic and open liver resection (LLR and OLR, respectively), and we first analyzed a preoperatively enrolled and prospectively collected database. We carried out a secondary analysis using a preoperative enrolled database that included the details of 786 patients who had been enrolled in a previously carried out randomized controlled trial to assess short‐term outcomes, including morbidities. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, propensity score matching (PSM) with replacement, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses. Among 780 liver resections, OLR was carried out in 543 patients and LLR was carried out in 237 patients. LLR was selected in patients with a worse liver function and was related to a smaller resected liver weight and/or partial resection. Logistic regression, PSM, and IPTW analyses revealed that LLR was associated with less blood loss and a lower incidence of morbidities, but a longer operating time. LLR was found to be a preferred factor in biliary leakage by IPTW only. LLR was a preferred factor for blood loss, morbidities and hospital stay, but was associated with a longer operating time. UMIN‐CTR, UMIN000003324.
Scandium‐Catalyzed Self‐Assisted Polar Co‐monomer Enchainment in Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Chen Jiazhen , Gao Yanshan , Wang Binghao , Lohr Tracy L. , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDirect coordinative copolymerization of ethylene with functionalized co‐monomers is a long‐sought‐after approach to introducing polyolefin functionality. However, functional‐group Lewis basicity typically depresses catalytic activity and co‐monomer incorporation. Finding alternatives to intensively studied group 4 d0 and late‐transition‐metal catalysts is crucial to addressing this long‐standing challenge. Shown herein is that mono‐ and binuclear organoscandium complexes with a borate cocatalyst are active for ethylene + amino olefin [AO; H2C=CH(CH2)nNR2] copolymerizations in the absence of a Lewis‐acidic masking reagent. Both activity (up to 4.2×102 kg mol−1⋅h−1> atm−1>) and AO incorporation (up to 12 % at 0.2 m [AO]) are appreciable. Linker‐length‐dependent (n) AO incorporation and mechanistic probes support an unusual functional‐group‐assisted enchainment mechanism. Furthermore, the binuclear catalysts exhibit enhanced AO tolerance and enhanced long chain AO incorporation.
Access to α‐Amino Acid Esters through Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Vinyl Ethers with Hydrogen Peroxide as the Oxidant and Oxygen Source
Authors: Ouyang Lu , Li Jianxiao , Zheng Jia , Huang Jiuzhong , Qi Chaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel and convenient palladium catalytic system for the synthesis of α‐amino acid esters from simple starting materials is reported. Hydrogen peroxide not only acts as the green oxidant, but also as the oxygen source. This strategy for the conversion of amines and vinyl ethers into highly functionalized and structurally diverse α‐amino acid esters is characterized by the simplicity of the experimental procedure, mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, scalability, and practicability.
A Magneto‐optical Molecular Device: Interplay of Spin Crossover, Luminescence, Photomagnetism, and Photochromism
Authors: Estrader Marta , Salinas Uber Jorge , Barrios Leoní A. , Garcia Jordi , Lloyd‐Williams Paul , Roubeau Olivier , Teat Simon J. , Aromí Guillem 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA bis(pyrazolylpyridyl) ligand, L, containing a central photochromic dithienylethene spacer predictably forms a ferrous [Fe2L3]4+ helicate exhibiting spin crossover (SCO). In solution, the compound [Fe2L3](ClO4)4 (1) preserves the magnetic properties and is fluorescent. The structure of 1 is photo‐switchable following the reversible ring closure/opening of the central dithienylethene via irradiation with UV/visible light. This photoisomerization switches on and off some emission bands of 1 and provides a means of externally manipulating the magnetic properties of the assembly.
Template‐assisted hydrophobic porous silica membrane: A purifier sieve for organic solvents
Authors: Maitlo Inamullah , Ali Safdar , Shehzad Farooq Khurum , Nie Jun 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐supporting, interconnected, porous inorganic (silicon/carbon) membranes were obtained by the calcination of composite membranes at 900 °C with a porous polymer template obtained by binary‐phase solid‐state photopolymerization at −60 °C with acrylate monomers followed by chemical vapor deposition. The physicochemical properties of all of the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the measurement of water contact angles, water uptake, and percentage of porosity. The membranes showed contact angles ranging from 127 to 130 ± 0.5°, which were close to those of superhydrophobicity. The EDS, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and TGA results confirmed the formation of the Si–C composite structure after calcination and an increase in the thermal stability. The polymer and composite membranes were found to be hydrophilic, whereas Si–C was hydrophobic. The poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate derived Si–C membrane showed a good absorption efficiency for tinted toluene from water compared to the others. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45822.
Synthesis and stabilization of Au nanoparticles in colloidal solution using macroelectrolytes with sulfonic acid groups
Authors: Herrera‐González Ana Ana M. , García‐Serrano J. , Caldera‐Villalobos M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTMetal nanoparticles are obtained by different chemical reactions using reducing agents that are not environmentally friendly. This work report the synthesis of Au nanoparticles in colloidal solution using three monodisperse macroelectrolytes, with peripheral sulfonic acid groups bonded covalently, without toxic reducing agents. During the synthesis of Au nanoparticles were used the new macroelectrolytes as reducing and stabilizing agents in aqueous solution or ethylene glycol. The macroelectrolytes were synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene as core, and o‐ or p‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid, obtaining acid macroelectrolytes with two and six sulfonic acid groups in ortho‐ position, and four sulfonic acid groups in para‐ position. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy study show that the macroelectrolytes with sulfonic acid groups in ortho‐ position are reducing agents for Au+++ ions in colloidal solution and produced Au nanoparticles with anisotropic shapes, such as decahedrons and prisms. The macroelectrolyte with sulfonic acid groups in para‐ position is reducing agent for Au+++ and produces quasispherical Au nanoparticles with sizes between 8 and 40 nm. The colloidal solutions with Au nanoparticles were stable by several months due to the protection of imine and sulfonic groups of macroelectrolytes on the Au nanoparticles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45888.
Dehydration of Lactic Acid: The State of The Art
Authors: Bonnotte Thomas , Paul Sébastien , Araque Marcia , Wojcieszak Robert , Dumeignil Franck , Katryniok Benjamin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe dehydration of lactic acid to produce acrylic acid is a renewable alternative to the mostly used production of acrylic acid from propene. In this review, the recent developments and state of the art for the dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid are presented and critically commented. The most recent publications on the topic are discussed inetail with respect to the observed catalysts and process performance data. Among the different catalysts developed, three main groups can be distinguished: zeolites, sulphates, and phosphates. The latter, especially hydroxyapatites, have recently attracted the attention of academics in particular. The three families of catalysts are discussed and the recent developments and technical drawbacks in the gas phase dehydration are reported.
Characterization of Terminators in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and an Exploration of Factors Affecting Their Strength
Authors: Wei Linna , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhang Genlin , Ye Bangce 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTerminators in eukaryotes play an important role in regulating the transcription process by influencing mRNA stability, translational efficiency, and localization. Herein, the strengths of 100 natural terminators in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been characterized by inserting each terminator downstream of the TYS1p‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene and measuring the fluorescent intensity (FI) of eGFP. Within this library, there are 45 strong terminators, 31 moderate terminators, and 24 weak terminators. The strength of these terminators, relative to that of PGK1t standard terminator, ranges from 0.0613 to 1.8002, with a mean relative FI of 0.9945. Mutating the control elements of terminators further suggests that the efficiency element has an important effect on terminator strength. The use of strong terminators will result in an enhanced level of mRNA and protein production; this indicates that gene expression can be directly influenced by terminator selection. Pairing a terminator with an inducible promoter or a strong constitutive promoter has less effect on gene expression; however, pairing with a week promoter will significantly increase the level of gene expression. Through exchange of the reporter genes, it can be demonstrated that the terminator functions as a genetic component and is independent of the coding region. This work demonstrates that the terminator is an important regulatory element and can be considered in applications for the fine‐tuning of gene expression and metabolic pathways.
Internal Donors in Ziegler–Natta Systems: is Reduction by AlR3 a Requirement for Donor Clean‐Up?
Authors: Zaccaria Francesco , Vittoria Antonio , Correa Andrea , Ehm Christian , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Busico Vincenzo , Cipullo Roberta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlkyl benzoates, phthalates, and succinates are used as “internal donors” (ID) to modify the surface of MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalysts for polypropylene production. Phthalates, in particular, are the working horses of this catalysis, but a REACH ban of these compounds for other applications has generated a desire from the market for phthalate‐free ZN catalysts, which has in turn triggered a search for alternatives and revamped research in the area. It has been reported that under polymerization conditions certain ID classes undergo an extensive exchange with alkoxysilane “external donors” (ED), which represents an important opportunity for surface fine‐tuning. ID clean‐up has been attributed to ester group reduction by the AlR3 cocatalyst. We have now measured the activation parameters for the reactions of ethyl benzoate (EB), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl 2,3‐diisobutylsuccinate (DiBS) with AlEt3 in toluene solution by means of variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Reduction is fast for EB and DBP, whereas it is slow for DiBS. Results of DFT calculations are in line with the observed reactivity. Therefore, we conclude that an irreversible reaction with AlEt3 is not the only option for ID/ED exchange. Possible alternatives are discussed.
Direct Aldehyde Csp2−H Functionalization through Visible‐Light‐Mediated Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Vu Minh Duy , Das Mrinmoy , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe development of methods for carbon–carbon bond formation under benign conditions is an ongoing challenge for synthetic chemists. In recent years there has been considerable interest in using selective C−H activation as a direct route for generating reactive intermediates. Herein, the use of visible‐light‐mediated dual photoredox organocatalysis as a mild and effective method for C
−H activation of aldehydes is reported, resulting in the generation of acyl radicals. These nucleophilic acyl radical species can undergo either addition to electrophilic alkenes or nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions to provide a quick access to broad range of unsymmetrical ketones, which are abundantly found in many organic building blocks.
Catalytic Carbon–Chlorine Bond Activation by Selenium‐Based Chalcogen Bond Donors
Authors: Wonner Patrick , Vogel Lukas , Kniep Florian , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChalcogen bonding is a noncovalent interaction based on electrophilic chalcogen substituents, which shares many similarities with the more well‐known hydrogen and halogen bonding. Herein, the first application of selenium‐based chalcogen bond donors in organocatalysis is described. Cationic bifunctionalized organoselenium compounds activate the carbon–chlorine bond of 1‐chloroisochroman in a benchmark reaction. While imidazolium‐based derivatives showed no noticeable activation, benzimidazolium backbones yielded potent catalysts. In all cases, syn‐isomers were markedly more active, presumably due to bidentate coordination, which was confirmed by DFT calculations. Comparison experiments with the corresponding non‐selenated as well as the non‐cationic reference compounds clearly indicate that the catalytic activity can be ascribed to chalcogen bonding. The rate acceleration by the catalyst—compared to the non‐selenated derivative—was about 10 fold.
Pharmacokinetics of the BCL‐2 Inhibitor Venetoclax in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Cheung Tommy T. , Salem Ahmed Hamed , Menon Rajeev M. , Munasinghe Wijith P. , Bueno Orlando F. , Agarwal Suresh K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVenetoclax has been approved in the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia for appropriate patients with difficult‐to‐treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The objective of this phase 1 study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax in Chinese subjects to inform the dose selection of venetoclax in a phase 2 study of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL in China. Twelve healthy first‐generation Han Chinese subjects received a single 100‐mg dose of venetoclax following a low‐fat breakfast. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods. After a single dose of venetoclax in healthy Chinese subjects, the median time to peak concentration was 6 hours (range, 4 to 6 hours), and the mean ± SD Cmax, AUCinf, and terminal half‐life were 1.0 ± 0.32 μg/mL, 12.6 ± 5.4 μg·h/mL, and 18.4 ± 2.97 hours, respectively. On average, venetoclax Cmax and AUCinf values were 94% and 66% higher, respectively, in Chinese subjects compared with those observed historically for non‐Asian subjects receiving the same dose. Based on these pharmacokinetic results and the established exposure–response relationship of venetoclax in non‐Asian CLL subjects, a 400‐mg once‐daily dosage regimen was selected for evaluating the venetoclax pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in the venetoclax phase 2 open‐label study in Chinese subjects with R/R CLL.
Optimized Synthesis of ZSM‐11 Catalysts using 1,8‐Diaminooctane as a Structure‐Directing Agent
Authors: Shen Yufeng , Le Thuy T. , Li Rui , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDeveloping new zeolite catalysts for (petro)chemical applications is nontrivial owing to challenges that include the identification of commercially‐viable syntheses. The vast majority of syntheses require the use of an organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA), which has economic and environmental shortcomings. In the search for alternative zeolites to common industrial catalysts, such as ZSM‐5 (MFI), a promising candidate is ZSM‐11 (MEL), a close structural analogue of MFI. ZSM‐11 is comprised of 3‐dimensional straight channels that have less diffusion limitations than MFI. Side‐by‐side comparisons of ZSM‐11 and ZSM‐5 catalysts reveal the former exhibits significantly longer time‐on‐stream lifetime in many reactions; however, there are several difficulties associated with the preparation of ZSM‐11, which include the ability to identify inexpensive OSDAs that produce small crystals in high yield. Here, we examine ZSM‐11 synthesis using 1,8‐diaminooctane (DAO), which produces ZSM‐11 crystals with sizes of ca. 300 nm. We demonstrate that the use of MEL seeds allows for an order of magnitude reduction in the quantity of DAO without sacrificing crystal purity or yield (>80 %). Catalytic tests using methanol to hydrocarbons as a representative reaction show that H‐ZSM‐11 lifetime and selectivity are similar for samples prepared with and without seeds. Collectively our findings highlight an efficient method to produce ZSM‐11 as a potential alternative to ZSM‐5 for catalytic applications.
Suppression of Red Blood Cell Autofluorescence for Immunocytochemistry on Fixed Embryonic Mouse Tissue
Authors: Whittington Niteace C. , Wray Susan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAutofluorescence is a problem that interferes with immunofluorescent staining and complicates data analysis. Throughout the mouse embryo, red blood cells naturally fluoresce across multiple wavelengths, spanning the emission and excitation spectra of many commonly used fluorescent reporters, including antibodies, dyes, stains, probes, and transgenic proteins, making it difficult to distinguish assay fluorescence from endogenous fluorescence. Several tissue treatment methods have been developed to bypass this issue with varying degrees of success. Sudan Black B dye has been commonly used to quench autofluorescence, but can also introduce background fluorescence. Here we present a protocol for an alternative called TrueBlack Lipofuscin Autofluorescence Quencher. The protocol described in this unit demonstrates how TrueBlack efficiently quenches red blood cell autofluorescence across red and green wavelengths in fixed embryonic tissue without interfering with immunofluorescent signal intensity or introducing background staining. We also identify optimal incubation, concentration, and multiple usage conditions for routine immunofluorescence microscopy. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic variation in Tertiary relics: The case of eastern‐Mediterranean Abies (Pinaceae)
Authors: Hrivnák Matúš , Paule Ladislav , Krajmerová Diana , Kulaç Şemsettin , Şevik Hakan , Turna İbrahim , Tvauri Irina , Gömöry Dušan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe eastern‐Mediterranean Abies taxa, which include both widely distributed species and taxa with minuscule ranges, represent a good model to study the impacts of range size and fragmentation on the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation. To assess the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among eastern‐Mediterranean Abies taxa, genetic variation was assessed by eight nuclear microsatellite loci in 52 populations of Abies taxa with a focus on those distributed in Turkey and the Caucasus. Both at the population and the taxon level, the subspecies or regional populations of Abies nordmanniana s.l. exhibited generally higher allelic richness, private allelic richness, and expected heterozygosity compared with Abies cilicica s.l. Results of both the Structure analysis and distance‐based approaches showed a strong differentiation of the two A. cilicica subspecies from the rest as well as from each other, whereas the subspecies of A. nordmanniana were distinct but less differentiated. ABC simulations were run for a set of scenarios of phylogeny and past demographic changes. For A. ×olcayana, the simulation gave a poor support for the hypothesis of being a taxon resulting from a past hybridization, the same is true for Abies equi‐trojani: both they represent evolutionary branches of Abies bornmuelleriana.
Animal agency: wildlife management from a kincentric perspective
Authors: Bhattacharyya Jonaki , Slocombe Scott 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCo‐management of wildlife and landscapes often requires managers to work with Indigenous and conventional Western worldviews. Many cultures recognize animals as non‐human persons with decision‐making agency. Such perspectives, termed “kincentric ecology,” suggest a relational approach to management that differs from convention in North America. We argue that kincentric perspectives are highly relevant to current approaches and issues in wildlife management, including the incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge. Using empirical research with the Xeni Gwet'in First Nation in British Columbia, Canada, we discuss four dimensions of kincentricity key to collaborative management, with notable parallels in emergent systems science: (1) shift in emphasis from human rights to responsibilities; (2) focus on social–ecological systems; (3) acknowledgment of uncertainty and rapid change; and (4) emphasis on locally relevant, empirical knowledge. Wildlife and land management influenced by bioculturally diverse knowledge implies a more systemic approach; adaptive processes; changed goals and values; and shifting responsibilities among stakeholders.
Perfectionism Group Treatment for Eating Disorders in an Inpatient, Partial Hospitalization, and Outpatient Setting
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Brosof Leigh C. , Vanzhula Irina A. , Bumberry Laura , Zerwas Stephanie , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPerfectionism is elevated in individuals with eating disorders and is posited to be a risk factor, maintaining factor, and treatment barrier. However, there has been little literature testing the feasibility and effectiveness of perfectionism interventions in individuals specifically with eating disorders in an open group format. In the current study, we tested the feasibility of (a) a short cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism intervention delivered in an inpatient, partial hospitalization, and outpatient for eating disorders setting (combined N = 28; inpatient n = 15; partial hospital n = 9; outpatient n = 4), as well as (b) a training for disseminating the treatment in these settings (N = 9). Overall, we found that it was feasible to implement a perfectionism group in each treatment setting, with both an open and closed group format. This research adds additional support for the implementation of perfectionism group treatment for eating disorders and provides information on the feasibility of implementing such interventions across multiple settings. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.