bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down‐regulation of glutamatergic terminals (VGLUT1) driven by Aβ in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rodriguez‐Perdigon Manuel , Tordera Rosa María , Gil‐Bea Francisco Javier , Gerenu Gorka , Ramirez Maria Javier , Solas Maite 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized phenotypically by memory impairment, histologically by accumulation of pTau and β‐amyloid peptide and morphologically by a loss of nerve terminals in cortical and hippocampal regions. As glutamate is the principle excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS), the glutamatergic system may play an important role in AD. To date, not many studies have addressed the deleterious effects of Aβ on glutamatergic terminals; therefore the aim of this study was to investigate how Aβ affects glutamatergic terminals and to assess the extent to which alterations in the glutamatergic neurotransmission could impact susceptibility to the illness. The present study shows that Aβ caused a loss of glutamatergic terminals, measured by VGLUT1 protein levels, in Tg2576 primary cell cultures, Tg2576 mice and AD patient brains, and also when Aβ was added exogenously to hippocampal cell cultures. Interestingly, no correlation was found between cognition and decreased VGLUT1 levels. Moreover, when Aβ1–42 was intracerebroventricularlly administered into VGLUT1+/‐ mice, altered synaptic plasticity and increased neuroinflammation was observed in the hippocampus of those animals. In conclusion, the present study not only revealed susceptibility of glutamatergic nerve terminals to Aβ induced toxicity but also underlined the importance of VGLUT1 in the progression of AD, as the decrease of this protein levels could increase the susceptibility to subsequent deleterious inputs by exacerbating Aβ induced neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity disruption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pro‐cognitive action of CART is mediated via ERK in the hippocampus
Authors: Bharne Ashish P. , Borkar Chandrashekhar D. , Bodakuntla Satish , Lahiri Mayurika , Subhedar Nishikant K. , Kokare Dadasaheb M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CART) is detected in several cortical and subcortical areas, its role in higher functions has been largely ignored. We examined the significance of CART in memory formation and tested if the downstream actions of CART involve N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) activated extra‐cellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Newly formed memory was evaluated using novel object recognition test consisting of familiarization (T1) and choice trials (T2). The choice trials were performed at two time points: 30‐min (T230‐min) and 24‐h (T224‐h) postacquisition. In choice trial (T230‐min), vehicle control rats explored the novel object for significantly longer duration than the familiar object indicating intact memory formation. However, CART‐antibody, U0126 [ERK antagonist, both via intracerebroventricular (icv) or intrahippocampal (ih) route] or MK‐801 (NMDA antagonist; intraperitoneal) treated rats spent less time exploring novel objects; CART peptide (icv or ih) was ineffective. During choice trial at T224‐h, a significant decrease in novel object exploration time was noticed in vehicle control rats suggesting amnesia. However, treatment with CART, prior to familiarization trial (T1), promoted exploration of the novel object even at T224‐h. Pretreatment with U0126 or MK‐801 blocked pro‐cognitive‐like effect of CART suggesting involvement of NMDA‐ERK pathway in CART's action. Animals subjected to the object familiarization trial showed a drastic increase in the CART‐immunoreactivity in the cells of cornu ammonis 3 and polymorph layer of dentate gyrus, and fibers within ento‐ (ENT) and peri‐rhinal (PRH) cortices. Western blot analysis revealed that CART treatment significantly up‐regulated the expression of phospo‐ERK1/2 in hippocampus, ENT and PRH. This effect was attenuated following pretreatment with U0126 or MK‐801, suggesting the activation of ERK signaling cascade through NMDA receptors. Thus, CART system seems to play an important role in recognition memory and that these effects may be mediated by NMDA receptors‐ERK signaling in the ENT/PRH‐hippocampal circuit. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adult onset hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis prognosis is affected by underlying disease and coexisting viral infection: analysis of a single institution series of 35 patients
Authors: Cattaneo Chiara , Oberti Margherita , Skert Cristina , Passi Angela , Farina Mirko , Re Alessandro , Tozzi Paola , Borlenghi Erika , Rossi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdult onset hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome, which can develop as a complication of many disorders. Early diagnosis is essential in order to avoid a fatal outcome. To confirm the diagnosis of acquired HLH made in a single institution series of adult patients with HLH‐04 criteria, we applied the HScore and evaluated prognostic factors associated with clinical outcome.The median age of 35 patients was 54 (range 17–81), M/F ratio was 20/15. In 26/35 (74.3%) patients, an underlying haematological disease was present (2 Multicentric Castleman Disease, 10 B‐cell Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma [NHL] and 14 T/NK‐cell NHL); an autoimmune disorder was observed in four (11.4%) patients (one Still Disease, one undifferentiated connective tissue disease and two haemolytic anaemia); in five (14.3%), no underlying disease was identified. A concomitant infection by EBV was observed in 10 patients (28.6%), CMV in 8 (22.9%), HHV8 in 6 (17.1%) and HIV in 1 (2.9%). Hyperferritinemia, fever and splenomegaly were present in more than 90% of patients, whereas bone marrow hemophagocytosis in 51% of cases only. According to HScore, 34/35 patients had a >75% and 32/35 >93% probability of HLH. Four‐year overall survival and HLH‐free survival were 17.8% (CI 1.9–33.8) and 23.8% (CI 7.3–40.3), respectively. By multivariate analysis, presence of oedema and hyperbilirubinemia were predictors of death, whereas there was a statistically significant trend for viral infection as predictor of poor prognosis. B‐NHL diagnosis was confirmed as associated to a better prognosis in comparison with T/NK lymphoma (4‐year HFS 53.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.09) and similar to other aetiologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different methods of dentin processing for application in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review
Authors: Tabatabaei Fahimeh Sadat , Tatari Saeed , Samadi Ramin , Moharamzadeh Keyvan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDentin has become an interesting potential biomaterial for tissue engineering of oral hard tissues. It can be used as a scaffold or as a source of growth factors in bone tissue engineering. Different forms of dentin have been studied for their potential use as bone substitutes. Here, we systematically review different methods of dentin preparation and the efficacy of processed dentin in bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published from 2000 to 2016. Studies on dentin preparation for application in bone tissue engineering were selected. The initial search yielded a total of 1045 articles, of which 37 were finally selected. Review of studies showed that demineralization was the most commonly used dentin preparation process for use in tissue engineering. Dentin extract, dentin particles (tooth ash), freeze‐dried dentin, and denatured dentin are others method of dentin preparation. Based on our literature review, we can conclude that preparation procedure and the size and shape of dentin particles play an important role in its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Standardization of these methods is important to draw a conclusion in this regard. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2616–2627, 2016.
Chronic Exposure to Bisphenol A Exacerbates Dental Fluorosis in Growing Rats
Authors: Jedeon Katia , Houari Sophia , Loiodice Sophia , Thuy Tran Thu , Le Normand Manon , Berdal Ariane , Babajko Sylvie 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Enamel defects resulting from environmental conditions and way of life are public health concerns because of their high prevalence. Because their etiology is unclear, the aim of this study was to analyze the various forms of enamel hypomineralization, and to characterize the genes involved in this process to determine the mechanisms involved in disruptions of amelogenesis. We used bisphenol A (BPA) and fluoride as models; both are commonly encountered in human populations and utilized in dentistry. Wistar rats were chronically exposed to 5 μg/kg/day BPA from day 1 of gestation to day 65 after birth (P65) and 5 mM fluoride from P21 to P65. Resulting enamel defects were comparable to the human enamel pathologies molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and dental fluorosis (DF) respectively, and were more severe in rats exposed to both agents than to each agent alone. Large-scale transcriptomic analysis of dental epithelium showed a small group of genes the expression of which was affected by exposure to BPA or NaF. Among the most modulated, many are directly involved in amelogenesis (Amelx, Enam, Klk4, Mmp12, Slc26a4, and Slc5a8), and can be regrouped as forming the “hypomineralization enameloma.” Each of these gene expression perturbations may contribute to enamel defects. Exposure to BPA weakens enamel, making it more prone to generate frequent mineralization defects MIH and DF. Our study identifies hypomineralization genes that may enable the use of dental enamel as an early marker of exposure to environmental toxicants because of its unique ability to retrospectively record ameloblast pathophysiology. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Use of pre‐clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development
Authors: Barton Kristen I. , Shekarforoush Mehdi , Heard Bryan J. , Sevick John L. , Vakil Paria , Atarod Mohammad , Martin Ryan , Achari Yamini , Hart David A. , Frank Cyril B. , Shrive Nigel G. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPost‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development is often observed following traumatic knee injuries involving key stabilising structures such as the cruciate ligaments or the menisci. Both biomechanical and biological alterations that follow knee injuries have been implicated in PTOA development, although it has not been possible to differentiate clearly between the two causal factors. This review critically examines the outcomes from pre‐clinical lapine and ovine injury models arising in the authors’ laboratories and differing in severity of PTOA development and progression. Specifically, we focus on how varying severity of knee injuries influence the subsequent alterations in kinematics, kinetics, and biological outcomes. The immediate impact of injury on the lubrication capacity of the joint is examined in the context of its influence on biomechanical alterations, thus linking the biological changes to abnormal kinematics, leading to a focus on the potential areas for interventions to inhibit or prevent development of the disease. We believe that PTOA results from altered cartilage surface interactions where biological and biomechanical factors intersect, and mitigating acute joint inflammation may be critical to prolonging PTOA development. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:454–465, 2017.
Detection of the Askja AD 1875 cryptotephra in Latvia, Eastern Europe
Authors: Stivrins Normunds , Wulf Sabine , Wastegård Stefan , Lind Ewa M. , Alliksaar Tiiu , Gałka Mariusz , Andersen Thorbjørn Joest , Heinsalu Atko , Seppä Heikki , Veski Siim 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWe report the first geochemically confirmed findings of the Askja volcano (Iceland) AD 1875 eruption cryptotephra in Eastern Europe. The cryptotephra finding in Latvia is the easternmost finding of the Askja AD 1875 so far, providing an important time marker in the sediments. Although low concentrations of Askja AD 1875 rhyolitic glass shards were recorded, our findings suggest the possibility of also tracing other historical cryptotephras in lacustrine and peat sediments in Eastern Europe. We use the Askja AD 1875 tephra isochrone to synchronize pollen data of human activities, i.e. rye (Secale cereale) cultivation. Our comparison of Secale pollen from two sites reveals that there were minor dissimilarities in the timing of highest rye cultivation, and that a synchronous decrease of rye cultivation occurred at both sites few years after the Askja eruption at AD 1875.
Effect of ionic strength on the interfacial viscoelasticity and stability of silk fibroin at the oil/water interface
Authors: Tang Xiaoxiao , Qiao Xiuying , Miller Reinhard , Sun Kang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe amphiphilic character and surface activity endows silk fibroin with the ability to reside at fluid interfaces and effectively stabilize emulsions. However, the influence of relevant factors and their actual effect on the interfacial viscoelasticity and stability of silk fibroin at the oil/water interface has received less attention. In the present study, the effect of ionic strength on the interfacial viscoelasticity, emulsification effectiveness and stability of silk fibroin at the oil/water interface was investigated in detail.RESULTSA higher ion concentration facilitates greater adsorption, stronger molecular interaction and faster structure reorganization of silk fibroin at the oil/water interface, thus causing quicker interfacial saturation adsorption, greater interfacial strength and lower interfacial structural fracture on large deformation. However, the presence of concentrated ions screens the charges in silk fibroin molecules and the zeta potential decreases as a result of electrostatic screening and ion‐binding effects, which may result in emulsion droplet coalescence and a decrease in emulsion stability.CONCLUSIONThe positively‐charged ions significantly affect the interfacial elasticity and stability of silk fibroin layers at the oil/water interface as a result of the strong electrostatic interactions between counter‐ions and the negatively‐charged groups of silk fibroin. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Safety assessment of a natural tomato oleoresin containing high amounts of Z‐isomers of lycopene prepared with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Honda Masaki , Higashiura Takuma , Fukaya Tetsuya 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDZ‐isomers of lycopene, which are abundantly present in processed tomato products, are more bioavailable than (all‐E)‐lycopene found predominantly in raw tomatoes. Despite extensive studies on the bioavailability and biological activities of Z‐isomers of lycopene, detailed studies on their safety and toxicology are limited.RESULTSThe geno‐, acute and subacute toxicities of tomato oleoresin that contained high amounts of lycopene Z‐isomers (10.9% lycopene with 66.3% Z‐isomer content) and had been prepared with supercritical carbon dioxide were investigated. The oleoresin was non‐mutagenic in the Ames test with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). The medial lethal dose (LD50) of the oleoresin in rats, as determined by a single‐dose oral test, was more than 5000 mg kg body weight−1 (bw) [361 mg (Z)‐lycopene kg bw−1]. In the 4‐week repeated‐dose oral toxicity test, rats were administered oleoresin at 4500 mg kg−1 day−1 [325 mg (Z)‐lycopene kg bw−1 day−1]. There were no clinically significant changes with respect to vital signs, physical examination outcomes and laboratory test values during the test period.CONCLUSIONBased on our findings and as supported by its long history of consumption, tomato oleoresin that contains high amounts of Z‐isomers of lycopene prepared with supercritical carbon dioxide can be considered as safe for human consumption. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A validated stability‐indicating ultra performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of potential process‐related impurities in eplerenone
Authors: Du Mingluo , Pan Chunyan , Chen Jing , Song Min , Zhu Tingting , Hang Taijun 
Published: June 2016

A simple, sensitive, and accurate stability‐indicating analytical method has been developed and validated using ultra high performance liquid chromatography. The developed method is used to evaluate the related substances of eplerenone (EP). The degradation behavior of EP under stress conditions was determined, and the major degradants were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using an impurity‐spiked solution, and the samples, generated from forced degradation studies. The resolution of EP, its potential impurities, and its degradation products was performed on a Waters UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) by linear gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 4.5, methanol and acetonitrile. A photo‐diode array detector set at 245 nm was used for detection. The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min. The procedure had good specificity, linearity (0.02–3.14 μg/mL), recovery (96.1–103.9%), limit of detection (0.01–0.02 μg/mL), limit of quantitation (0.03–0.05 μg/mL), and robustness. The correction factors of the process‐related substances were calculated.
Chang's meaning of capacitation: A molecular perspective
Authors: Gervasi Maria Gracia , Visconti Pablo E. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYDr. Min Chue Chang's contributions to the field of reproductive biology set the stage for the development of the contraceptive pill and in vitro fertilization. Throughout his publications, Dr. Chang was also able to transmit his view of the fertilization process in ways that organized research for newer generations of reproductive biologists. Particularly relevant for the achievement of in vitro fertilization in mammals was the discovery that the sperm required a period of residence in the female tract to become fertilization‐competent; Dr. Chang and Dr. Austin, in Australia, independently reported this process, now known as sperm capacitation. This review discusses Dr. Chang's views on capacitation, and puts them in the context of recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of this process. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 860–874, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High performance InGaZnO‐based Schottky diodes fabricated at room temperature
Authors: Yan Linlong , Xin Qian , Du Lulu , Zhang Jiawei , Luo Yi , Wang Qingpu , Song Aimin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecently, Indium gallium zinc oxide (InGaZnO or IGZO) has attracted much attention for flexible and transparent electronics, because of its superior electric properties, optical transparency and low processing temperature. In this work, Schottky diodes with a structure of Pd/IGZO/Ti/Au were fabricated by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature without any thermal treatment. The optimised diode with a 66‐nm‐IGZO layer shows an extremely large barrier height (1.02 eV), a very high rectification ratio (> 8.5 × 107), and a close to unit ideality factor (1.23). Our results suggest that Pd and IGZO can form very high quality Schottky contact with a large barrier height, extremely low defects density and high uniformity. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Umnutzung von Bestandskranbahnen (Teil 1)
Authors: Seeßelberg Christoph 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBestehende Kranbahnen für eine zukünftige andere Nutzung zu ertüchtigen ist eine Aufgabe, der sich Tragwerksplaner oft stellen müssen. Nach der Feststellung des Zustands der Kranbahn kann entschieden werden, ob ihrem Austausch gegenüber ihrer Instandsetzung und Weiternutzung der Vorzug zu geben ist. In diesem ersten Teil des Beitrages wird eine Vielzahl von Optionen vorgestellt, die geeignet sein könnten, die Voraussetzungen für eine Weiternutzung der Kranbahn zu schaffen. Die Querschnittsverstärkung ist eine naheliegende, aber sicherlich nicht die einzige und oft auch nicht die beste Lösung. Bauliche Veränderungen und/oder lastmindernde Steuerungen des Krans können in vielen Fällen eine Weiternutzung der gegebenenfalls instandgesetzten aber unveränderten Kranbahn ermöglichen.In einem zweiten Teil des Beitrages steht die Ermüdungssicherheit im Fokus. Bei ermüdungsmäßig schwer beanspruchten Kranbahnträgern kann das Werkstoffgefüge durch frühere Beanspruchungen bereits vorgeschädigt sein, selbst wenn keine Risse erkennbar sind. Es werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie sich eine Schadenssummation aus vergangener und zukünftiger Nutzung durchführen lässt, um die noch verfügbare Lebensdauer der Kranbahn abzuschätzen. Die Annahmen über die Schwere des Kranbetriebs, die in der Planungsphase einer Kranbahn zu treffen sind, erweisen sich im Nachhinein manchmal als zu ungünstig. Dann kann eine Neueinstufung der Kranbahn in eine andere Beanspruchungsklasse (BK) angemessen sein. Eine niedrigere BK bedeutet für eine Bestandskonstruktion eine längere Nutzungsdauer.New usage of existing crane runways. Strengthening of existing crane runways for future use is a common problem to be solved by structural engineers. After determination of their technical condition it has to be decided whether replacement of the crane runway is necessary or repair and further usage of the girder are possible. In the first part of the article a wide range of options is presented, that might be capable of creating conditions for the further use of the crane runway. To increase the cross section of the crane runway is an obvious way, but not the only one and in some cases not even the best. To enable a further usage of the crane runway, some details of the crane design can be changed or electronically the way the crane rolls and handles payloads.The second part of the article focusses on the fatigue strength of crane runways. The material structure of crane runways with heavy fatigue loading may be pre‐damaged due to the previous usage even if there are no cracks detected. Possibilities are shown on how to combine the fatigue damage caused by previous and further use to estimate the remaining life of the crane runway. In retrospect the assumptions concerning the severity of the fatigue loading, which have to be made during the planning process of the crane runway, sometimes turn out as to be too unfavourable. In those cases, a reclassification of the crane fatigue loading can be possible. A lower classification of the crane causes a longer period of use.