bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of multi‐scale transients for PMSG‐based wind power systems
Authors: Ye Hua , Yue Bo , Li Xuan , Strunz Kai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn a wind energy conversion system (WECS), multiple‐time‐scale transients that cover a wide frequency range from low‐frequency transient stability up to high‐frequency switching events are observed. This paper presents a methodology of modeling diverse transients for a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based WECS within the same study. Multiple physical areas of the PMSG‐based WECS are given depending on the appearance of carriers contained in the considered waveforms. In order to eliminate different carrier frequencies, the PMSG and generator‐side voltage source converter (VSC) are modeled in the dq0‐reference frame. On the other hand, the grid‐side VSC and utility grid are dealt with in the multi‐scale model of the network in which the shift frequency is available. The switching‐function and average‐value models of the VSC are selected depending on the carrier shifted. In addition, interface between the control and electrical subsystems is redesigned to offset the computation error caused by one time‐step delay. Two test cases are performed to study the wind power fluctuations and faults ride‐through. The results show that the proposed multi‐scale model is able to simulate slow‐changing dynamic responses up to high‐frequency transients accurately while decreasing the simulation burden. In comparison with the results obtained from the EMTP (electromagnetic transients program) type simulators, the effectiveness and accuracy of the multi‐scale model are verified. Copyright © 2017 The Authors Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nanomedicine approaches to improve cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Qiu Hui , Min Yuanzeng , Rodgers Zach , Zhang Longzhen , Wang Andrew Z. 
Published: March 2017

Significant advances have been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy by orchestrating the body's immune system to eradicate cancer cells. However, safety and efficacy concerns stemming from the systemic delivery of immunomodulatory compounds limits cancer immunotherapies expansion and application. In this context, nanotechnology presents a number of advantages, such as targeted delivery to immune cells, enhanced clinical outcomes, and reduced adverse events, which may aid in the delivery of cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory agents. With this in mind, a diverse range of nanomaterials with different physicochemical characteristics have been developed to stimulate the immune system and battle cancer. In this review, we will focus on some recent developments and the potential advantages of utilizing nanotechnology within the field of cancer immunotherapy. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1456. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1456This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Evaluating ultraviolet sensitivity of adventitious agents in biopharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Meunier Sarah M , Sasges Michael R , Aucoin Marc G 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIncidents of contamination in biopharmaceutical production have highlighted the need to apply alternative or supplementary disinfection techniques. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a well-established method for inactivating a broad range of microorganisms, and is therefore a good candidate as an orthogonal technique for disinfection. To apply UV as a safeguard against adventitious agents, the UV sensitivity of these target agents must be known so that the appropriate dose of UV may be applied to achieve the desired level of inactivation. This document compiles and reviews experimentally derived 254 nm sensitivities of organisms relevant to biopharmaceutical production. In general, different researchers have found similar sensitivity values despite a lack of uniformity in experimental design or standardized quantification techniques. Still, the lack of consistent methodologies has led to suspicious UV susceptibilities in certain instances, justifying the need to create a robust collection of sensitivity values that can be used in the design and sizing of UV systems for the inactivation of adventitious agents.
Long term survival and cardiopulmonary outcome in children with Hurler syndrome after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lum Su Han , Stepien Karolina M. , Ghosh Arunabha , Broomfield Alexander , Church Heather , Mercer Jean , Jones Simon , Wynn Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPremature death in untreated children with Hurler syndrome (HS) in the first decade of life is largely due to life‐threatening cardiopulmonary complications. We examined the long‐term survival and cardiopulmonary outcome in 54 children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital from 1985 to 2008. The median age at first HSCT was 15.1 months. Eighteen had graft failure and nine died after first HSCT. Of 18 patients with graft failure, 17 underwent second HSCT and the remaining one was lost to follow‐up (LOF). Twelve were alive‐and‐engrafted after second HSCT. The overall survival at one year and 20‐years was the same at 73.7%. Six children were followed up at the referral centers and excluded from cardiopulmonary endpoint review. Of the 33 evaluable children for the cardiopulmonary endpoints, nine (27.3%) had normal cardiac assessment. Of the four children on angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors, two had mild cardiomyopathy and two had aortic valvular replacement. Twenty (60%) had mild/moderate mitral and/or aortic insufficiencies. Two had overnight hypoxia needing nocturnal non‐invasive support. Enzyme level and donor chimerism are important predictors of long‐term cardiac outcome.
Risk Perception and Psychological Distress in Genetic Counselling for Hereditary Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Cicero G , De Luca R , Dorangricchia P , Lo Coco G , Guarnaccia C , Fanale D , Calò V , Russo A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOncological Genetic Counselling (CGO) allows the identification of a genetic component that increases the risk of developing a cancer. Individuals’ psychological reactions are influenced by both the content of the received information and the subjective perception of their own risk of becoming ill or being a carrier of a genetic mutation. This study included 120 participants who underwent genetic counselling for breast and/or ovarian cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the relation between their cancer risk perception and the genetic risk during CGO before receiving genetic test results, considering the influence of some psychological variables, in particular distress, anxiety and depression. Participants completed the following tools during a psychological interview: a socio‐demographic form, Cancer Risk Perception (CRP) and Genetic Risk Perception (GRP), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Distress Thermometer (DT). The data seem to confirm our hypothesis. Positive and significant correlations were found between the observed variables. Moreover, genetic risk perception determined an increase in depressive symptomatology and cancer risk perception led to an increase in anxious symptomatology, specifically in participants during cancer treatment. The present results suggest the importance of assessing genetic and cancer risk perception in individuals who undergo CGO, to identify those who are at risk of a decrease in psychological well‐being and of developing greater psychological distress.
Patterns in the autotomized adults of two sympatric, closely related grasshopper species in their natural habitat
Authors: Miura Kazumi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInsects have various defense responses to natural enemies, including autotomy. Detailed knowledge of autotomy patterns and frequencies in the wild is required to make reliable inferences concerning the fitness benefits and costs of the consequences of autotomy. However, few quantitative surveys have been conducted on the frequency of autotomized insects in the wild. Here, I examined data on autotomy in adult Parapodisma tanbaensis and Parapodisma subastris grasshoppers, which are sympatric, closely related species, collected over two consecutive years at three field sites in Kyoto, Japan. To investigate what traits were related to the frequency of autotomized adults, I recorded the species, sex, body size, and hind leg status after sampling adults because, according to previous research, these four parameters can be used to make predictions about the frequency of autotomized adults in the wild. There was a significant interaction effect between grasshopper sex and the sampling season on the frequency of autotomized adults and a non‐linear increase in the frequency of autotomized adults as the season advanced. However, there were no significant effects caused by species or body size. Thus, a sexual difference existed in the occurrence and disappearance of autotomized adults in the wild as the season advanced. The ecological and evolutionary factors and mechanisms causing this pattern are discussed.
Antibacterial Mechanism of Octamethylene‐1,8‐Bis(Dodecyldimethylammonium Bromide) Against E. coli
Authors: Zhao Xiaofang , Li Yahong , Yuan Hao , Yin Jianhua , Hu Mingming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of the cationic dimeric amphiphile octamethylene‐1,8‐bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (12‐8‐12) against the Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli was measured and compared with the monomeric amphiphile dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12‐8‐12 was about 1/20 of DTAB. By measuring the activity of β‐galactosidase and the image of field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, it was revealed that the cationic amphiphile 12‐8‐12 interacted with the negatively charged membrane of E. coli and disrupted the membrane integrity, thus leading to the release of intracellular contents and the death of bacteria. To further explore the antibacterial mechanism, the interactions of cationic amphiphile 12‐8‐12 with biomacromolecules (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and salmon sperm DNA) were studied by measuring the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and the zeta potential of DNA. It was shown that the antibacterial action site of cationic amphiphile was not only on the bacterial membrane but also on the intracellular contents such as protein and DNA.
Gender and other risk factors associated with risky behaviours among Nigerian adolescents
Authors: Akanni Oluyemi O. , Koleoso Olaide N. , Olashore Anthony A. , Adayonfo Ehigiator O. , Osundina Adeagbo F. , Ayilara Olaniyi O. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRisky behaviours in adolescents, apart from substance use, and their associate factors, have not been thoroughly investigated in Nigeria. Hence, there is a need to study the prevalence of risky behaviours and their relationship with gender and other potential risk factors. Data comprising socio‐demographic, risky behaviours, personality traits, religious orientation and substance use were obtained from 300 randomly selected secondary school students. Two risk groups (low and high) based on the number of risky behaviours were determined. Male was a risk factor for theft (OR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.17–3.95), bullying (OR = 2.76; 95%CI = 1.37–5.56) and fighting (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.35–3.40). Fifty‐two (17.3%) of the students were of high‐risk behaviour group. Furthermore, private school (β = 1.05; P = 0.010), poor perceived relationship with teachers (β = 1.21; P = 0.002), polygamy (β = 1.20; P = 0.002) and lifetime cigarette use (β = 1.07; P = 0.027) were predictors of high‐risk behaviour group. Substantial proportion of adolescents in Nigeria exhibit risky behaviours of which gender and other factors play a significant role.
Chronic physical illnesses in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are independently associated with higher rates of psychiatric rehospitalization; a cross-sectional study in Croatia
Authors: Filipcic I. , Simunovic Filipcic I. , Ivezic E. , Matic K. , Tunjic Vukadinovic N. , Vuk Pisk S. , Bodor D. , Bajic Z. , Jakovljevic M. , Sartorius N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Increased physical morbidity in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) is well documented. However, much less is known about the association between somatic comorbidities and psychosis treatment outcomes.Subjects and methods:This cross-sectional study, nested within the larger frame of a prospective cohort study, was done in 2016 at Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia. Data were collected on a consecutive sample of 301 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who achieved a stable therapeutic dosage. Key outcome was the number of psychiatric rehospitalizations since diagnosis of the primary psychiatric illness. Predictors were number of physical and psychiatric comorbidities. By robust regression, we controlled different clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle confounding factors.Results:The number of chronic somatic comorbidities was statistically significantly associated with a larger number of psychiatric rehospitalizations, even after the adjustment for number of psychiatric comorbidities and large number of other clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables.Conclusions:Chronic somatic comorbidities are associated with higher rates of psychiatric rehospitalization independently of psychiatric comorbidities and other clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Therefore, to treat psychosis effectively, it may be necessary to treat chronic somatic comorbidities promptly and adequately. Chronic somatic comorbidities should be considered equally important as the SSD, and should be brought to the forefront of psychiatric treatment and research with the SSD as one entity. The integrative approach should be the imperative in clinical practice.
Pipe jet noise reduction using co-axial swirl pipe
Authors: Balakrishnan P. , Srinivasan K. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe present experimental work highlights the acoustic far field and flow field characteristics of confined co-axial swirling pipe jets. Co-axial confinements with six vanes at angles of 0°, 20° and 40° are considered here. Two pipe lengths of L/D=0.5 and 2 are studied. The Mach numbers studied range from 0.85 to 1.83. An increase in the pipe length causes suppression of the transonic tones in non-swirl pipe jets. Swirl reduces the low frequency noise components and increases the high-frequency components compared to non-swirl jet. The broadband shock associated noise is mitigated by the swirl pipe jets. However, the screech tone is completely eliminated by the swirl pipe jets. Further, swirl pipe jets radiate low levels of noise at all the emission angles compared to non-swirl pipe jets, for both the pipe length cases at supersonic Mach numbers. Increase in the pipe length enhances the shock associated noise and OASPL for the non-swirl pipe jet. Centreline pitot survey and schlieren visualisation show a reduction in core length, reduction in the number of shock cells, weakening/destruction of the shock cells by the swirl pipe jets compared to the non-swirl pipe jets.
Candelariella blastidiata sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Candelariaceae) from Eurasia and North America, and a key for grey thalli Candelariella
Authors: YAKOVCHENKO Lidia S. , VONDRÁK Jan , OHMURA Yoshihito , KORCHIKOV Evgeny S. , VONDRÁKOVA Olga S. , DAVYDOV Evgeny A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCandelariella blastidiata Yakovchenko sp. nov. is described. This corticolous species is characterized by biatorine yellow apothecia, a grey squamulose thallus with marginal and lower side blastidia, 8-spored asci, and a northern circumpolar distribution. Candelariella subdeflexa has previously been confused with C. blastidiata, but our analyses of phenotypic and DNA sequence data revealed C. blastidiata should be distinguished from C. subdeflexa. A worldwide key for Candelariella species with grey thalli is provided.
Taxonomic survey compared to ecological sampling: are the results consistent for woodland epiphytes?
Authors: ELLIS C. J. , COPPINS B. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractField survey by a taxonomist or specialist biologist (‘taxonomic survey’) provides a comprehensive inventory of species in a habitat. Common and conspicuous species are rapidly recorded and search effort can be targeted to inconspicuous or rare species. However, the subjective nature of taxonomic survey limits its usefulness in ecological monitoring and analysis. In contrast, ‘ecological sampling’, focused on the standardized use of repeated sub-units such as quadrats, is designed to quantify the observational error of results, allowing for more robust statistical treatment. Nevertheless, the spatial extent of recording will be lower during ecological sampling, and rarities might be missed. Despite their differences, these two approaches are often assumed to be congruent for decision making. Taxonomic survey is commonly used to identify priority sites for conservation (including species-rich sites, or those with many rare/threatened species) while ecological sampling is used to design conservation strategy by relating species richness or composition to habitat dynamics. If these contrasting approaches are indeed congruent, then trends in species richness and community composition, detected by ecological sampling, will mirror the results of taxonomic survey so that management confidently protects the attributes for which a site was prioritized. This study performed both taxonomic survey and ecological sampling for lichen epiphytes in 13 woodland study sites in Scotland. To understand the procedure of taxonomic survey, fieldwork by a professional taxonomist was structured by effort into 15-minute time intervals. As expected, taxonomic survey discovered more species per site, while ecological sampling (allowing a measure of species frequency) resolved greater variation in community composition. However, the patterns of richness and species composition obtained from the different methods were correlated, suggesting an overall high degree of congruence in identifying and then managing priority sites. Furthermore, when exploring the taxonomic survey in detail, we found that a minimum effort of 45 minutes was required to accurately determine species richness differences among contrasting woodland sites.
Island biogeography of insect conservation in urban green spaces
Authors: FATTORINI SIMONE , MANTONI CRISTINA , DE SIMONI LIVIA , GALASSI DIANA M.P. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYBecause of their isolation, biotic communities of urban green spaces are expected to be similar to those of oceanic islands. This should be particularly true for insects, which represent an important component of urban faunas. The equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) allows for the formulation of some hypotheses regarding the influence of the geographical characteristics of green spaces on insect species richness and extinction risk. Based on island biogeography principles, we present eight predictions on how green space characteristics should influence insect species richness and loss. We analysed the current literature in order to determine which predictions were supported and which were not. We found that many studies gave outcomes that support ETIB predictions about the effects of area and isolation of green spaces; we found no strong support for predictions about shape and extent of native habitat in the literature that we reviewed. Most of the available studies dealt with patterns in species richness, whereas insect species loss has been rarely investigated. Future developments in the application of island biogeography principles to urban insect conservation should address temporal trends in species persistence and the analysis of species co-occurrence and nestedness.
China–GOES (Article 21.5): Time to Clarify the Standard for Price Suppression and Price Depression in AD/CVD Investigations
Authors: QIN JULIA , VANDENBUSSCHE HYLKE 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis dispute concerns the measures China took to implement the Dispute Settlement Body's rulings inChina–GOES, which had found a number of violations with respect to China's antidumping and countervailing duties imposed on grain oriented flat-rolled electrical steel (GOES) imported from the United States. In this compliance proceeding, the United States claimed that the Redetermination issued by China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) continued to violate WTO law. At the center of the dispute were MOFCOM's findings that the US imports had the effect of suppressing and/or depressing the prices of domestic like products. While the Panel reached the conclusion that the MOFCOM findings were inconsistent with WTO rules, it did not clarify the criteria for determining such price effects. In this comment, we call for the adoption of a clearer and more objective standard for determining price suppression and price depression in antidumping and countervailing duty investigations, via the tools of economic modeling.
Risk and Regulatory Calibration: WTO Compliance Review of the US Dolphin–Safe Tuna Labeling Regime
Authors: COGLIANESE CARY , SAPIR ANDRÉ 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn a series of recent disputes arising under the TBT Agreement, the Appellate Body has interpreted Article 2.1 to provide that discriminatory and trade-distortive regulation could be permissible if based upon a ‘legitimate regulatory distinction’. In its recent compliance decision in the US–Tuna II dispute, the AB reaffirmed its view that regulatory distinctions embedded in the US dolphin-safe tuna-labeling regime were not legitimate because they were not sufficiently calibrated to the risks to dolphins associated with different tuna fishing conditions. This paper analyzes the AB's application of the notion of risk-based regulation in the US–Tuna II dispute and finds the AB's reasoning lacking in coherence. Although risk analysis and calibration can in principle play useful roles in TBT cases, the AB needs to provide more explicit and careful guidance to WTO members and to panels to avoid the kind of ad hoc decision-making exhibited throughout the US–Tuna II dispute.
Tape Work and Memory Work in Post-War Germany
Authors: SPRIGGE MARTHA 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSonic traces of the Third Reich have held significant memorial power in post-war Germany. This article traces three works that sample one of the most well-known recordings from the Nazi period: Joseph Goebbels's declaration of Total War, delivered on 18 February 1943, and broadcast on newsreel and radio the following week. In both message and material, this recording epitomizes Friedrich Kittler's claim that tape is a military technology. The works examined span different memory debates in post-war Germany: Bernd Alois Zimmermann realizedRequiem für einen jungen Dichter(1967–9) as West Germans were engaging in the first public discussions of the Holocaust, Georg Katzer'sMein 1989(1990) is an East German composer's early response to the fall of the Berlin Wall, while Marcel Beyer's novelFlughunde(The Karnau Tapes, 1995) reveals the continued attempt to address the legacy of the Third Reich after German Reunification. Analysed together, these works create new configurations of discourse about wartime memory, moving away from geopolitical contours. Each of these artists transforms tape's wartime uses – namely dissemination and encryption – into forms of memorial labour. Through their physical and conceptual manipulations of tape, these artists create less deterministic readings of the Nazi past.