bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Saudi cement companies’ market share
Authors: Alsultanny Yas , AlZuhair Sara 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Saudi cement companies’ market share.

Design/methodology/approach
The data collected from the annual reports and financial statements of 12 companies.

Findings
The analysis of the production indicators showed that seven Saudi companies had a steady state of production capacity, while the other five companies had an increase in their production capacity.

Research limitations/implications
The research is limited to the Saudi cement companies.

Practical implications
The Saudi cement companies add expenditures annually to update their managerial technologies, production equipment and machinery in plants and processes.

Originality/value
The Saudi cement companies must be creating more competition between the cement companies through the opportunity of developing or acquiring new technologies.
“Through the looking glass”: present and future tools for writing
Authors: Fernandez Peter 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Humans use the written language to tell stories and exchange ideas across time and space, and it is the core innovation on which libraries are founded.

Design/methodology/approach
Even as the transmission of writing has evolved from hand-written scrolls to mass printing to digital distribution, it has remained one of primary communication methods in the world. Through websites, e-mails, news articles, Facebook posts and more, writing is core to how humans interact. Writing well is also an activity that many people find arduous.

Findings
This paper will explore some of the current technologies and emerging trends that are designed to assist with the writing process.

Originality/value
Along the way, the paper will highlight some specific applications that can be used now. Examining these technologies, many of which only currently serve niche audiences, serves another purpose as well, as they point the way to what the future of writing will look like.
Exploring the impact of geographical traits on the occurrence of supply chain failures
Authors: Durach Christian F. , Wiengarten Frank 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis research aims to explore the impact of geographical traits on the occurrence of on-time or the risk of late deliveries – one vital category of supply chain failures. Specifically, the regulatory environment framework and national and organizational culture are explored as potential contingency factors affecting these supply chain failures. Furthermore, the authors assess whether or not potential negative cultural characteristics at the national level can be addressed through specific organizational culture at the organizational level of practice.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines primary survey data from 647 plants in 12 countries collected through the Global Manufacturing Research Group with secondary national data from the World Economic Forum and Hofstede’s national culture dimensions to test the six hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate that firms situated in a regulatory national environment that is conducive to trade experience fewer late deliveries; a national infrastructure that has continuously been neglected leads to more late deliveries. Firms situated in countries with low levels of national uncertainty avoidance experience fewer late deliveries. Supplier communication should be practiced at an organizational level to excel in these countries.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the ongoing discusses about the importance of contingency factors at the country level (i.e. institutional and cultural factors), which need to be considered when setting up global supply chains. It also contributes important empirical insights to the convergence/divergence discussion.
Bilateral breast keloids in an elderly woman associated with bilateral breast cancers and high concentration of serum tumor growth factor‐β
Authors: Sakaguchi Masanobu , Fukumoto Takeshi , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Fukuda Kaori , Kozaru Takeshi , Ban Masao , Oka Masahiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report a case of bilateral annular breast keloids in a 72‐year‐old woman who had been suffering from bilateral breast cancers. Histopathologically, the keloids showed unique distribution of α‐SMA+, CD34− myofibroblasts and α‐SMA−, CD34+ fibroblasts depending on the region. High serum levels of tumor growth factor‐β were detected at 6 months after the development of the breast keloids, but not at 10 months. CD163‐positive cells were abundantly detected in the skin of the elevated portion of the keloids. In contrast, these cells were considerably less numerous in the skin of the central healing portion compared with the skin of the elevated expanding portion. One interesting idea based on these results is that high levels of tumor growth factor‐β released from CD163‐positive cells played a crucial role in the formation of breast keloids through active induction of fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. The present case strongly supports the previously proposed idea that keloids can form as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in breast cancer patients with keloid constitution.
Scientific Partisanship: The Social Geometry of Intellectual Support
Authors: Michalski Joseph 
Published: May 2017

The article applies D. Black's pure sociology paradigm to examine the degree to which scientific evidence supports ideas deduced from the perspective. The main argument suggests that the empirical support for pure sociology varies inversely with the social distance separating scholars in social space. Moreover, the nature of the evidence adduced and the use of qualitative or quantitative methodologies predictably vary with social distance as well, increasing the likelihood of finding confirming or disconfirming evidence. The study tests these ideas by examining the full range of refereed journal articles (n= 191) published from 1976 to 2015 with pure sociology as the main focus.L'article utilise le paradigme de la sociologie pure de D. Black afin d'examiner à quel point les évidences scientifiques soutiennent les idées proposées par cette approche. L'argument principal suggère que le soutien empirique pour la sociologie pure varie inversement avec la distance sociale séparant les spécialistes dans l'espace social. De plus, la nature des évidences obtenues et l'utilisation de méthodes qualitatives ou quantitatives varient aussi en fonction de la distance sociale, augmentant la probabilité d'obtenir des évidences confirmant ou réfutant le paradigme. Cette recherche teste ces idées en examinant l'ensemble des articles de revues avec évaluations externes (n= 191) publiés entre 1976 et 2015 avec la sociologie pure comme focus principal.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of immediate and delayed placement of dental implants in molar and premolar regions
Authors: Kim Joon‐Kyu , Yoon Hyun‐Joong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this retrospective study was to determine clinical and radiographic outcomes of immediate and delayed placement of dental implants in molar and premolar regions.Materials and methodsClinical and radiographic records of 116 patients who received implants in molar and premolar regions were included in this study. After implantation, patients were recalled for assessments at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and every year thereafter. In addition, anatomic location, type of prosthesis, gender, stage, diameter, and length of implants were analyzed.ResultsOf these 116 patients, 55 were males, and 61 were females. Their mean age was 50.9 years. They received 85 immediate implants and 147 delayed implants in molar and premolar regions. Gender, type of prosthesis, stage, implant diameter, and implant length were not significantly different between the immediate placement group and the delayed placement group, although anatomic locations were significantly different between the 2 groups. Their mean follow up time after dental implantation was 3 years (range, 6 months to 9 years). Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates showed 97.8% probability of survival up to 9 years in the delayed placement group and 100% probability of survival up to 8 years in the immediate placement group. There was no significant difference in implant survival according to the time of implantation. No significant difference in cervical bone loss (CBL) at the mesial or distal side was found between the 2 groups. CBL according to anatomic location, the type of prosthesis, or gender was not significantly different either between the 2 groups. However, CBL at distal side of 1‐stage approach was significantly (P < .05) smaller in the delayed placement group than that in the immediate placement group.ConclusionThis study showed that immediate dental implantation in molar and premolar regions had good clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Outcomes after medical and surgical interventions in horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
Authors: Espinosa P. , Nieto J. E. , Estell K. E. , Kass P. H. , Aleman M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundTemporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a cause of neurological disease in horses that is characterised by facial and vestibulocochlear nerve deficits. Studies reporting and comparing survival following medical or surgical treatment of THO are lacking.ObjectivesTo compare survival and prognosis in horses with THO treated medically or surgically, and to report surgical complications.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsThe medical records of horses diagnosed with THO were retrieved, and data on signalment, clinical signs and duration, corneal ulceration and bilateral occurrence were recorded. Neurological severity was graded according to clinical signs. Preoperative radiographic and endoscopic images were graded according to the severity of changes. Factors potentially affecting survival and treatment were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsA total of 77 horses were identified as having THO during the period 1990–2014. Of these, 25 horses underwent ceratohyoid ostectomy (CHO) and eight underwent partial stylohyoid ostectomy (PSHO). Thirteen of 20, one of 25 and one of eight horses treated by medical therapy, CHO and PSHO, respectively, died or were subjected to euthanasia as a consequence of THO. Compared with CHO, medical therapy was significantly associated with nonsurvival, but there were no significant differences in survival between horses undergoing PSHO and medical therapy. The duration of clinical signs, and neurological, radiographic and endoscopic grades were not associated with survival of THO. However, the age of the horse was significantly associated with poorer survival. Survival time was significantly shorter in the medical therapy group compared with the two surgical groups combined, but did not differ significantly between the two surgical groups. No significant difference between groups was seen in the incidence of surgical complications (33.3% in the PSHO and 22.2% in the CHO group).Main limitationsThis was a nonrandomised study of treatment effects on survival and included a low number of cases.ConclusionsThe survival prognosis in horses with THO is good to excellent in those submitted to surgical intervention, and fair in those treated with medical therapy alone.
Multicenter verification of the Sysmex XN‐Series
Authors: Schoorl M. , Schoorl M. , Chevallier M. , van der Ploeg T. , van Pelt J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionVerification of hemocytometry equipment deviates significantly from that of clinical chemistry equipment due to the absence of appropriate control material and the need for fresh material. In practice, verification is limited to comparison with the previously used equipment and determination of reproducibilities. Particularly in multicenter settings, harmonization of results is necessary. If the same equipment is used in several laboratory departments, calibration and uniformity are important issues.MethodsIn this study, seven Sysmex XN hematology modules distributed over three laboratories were evaluated with the same set of samples (n=160).ResultsResults of each Sysmex XN hematology module were compared with the results of the Sysmex XE‐2100 hematology analyzer using linear regression. Although excellent correlation coefficients were obtained, in many cases the criteria for slope and/or intercept were not met. Therefore, the same data were analyzed with Bland‐Altman difference plots with three times the specified CV% of the parameter as limits of agreement. At least 90% of the determinations per parameter and per module must comply with those limits of agreement. Almost all parameters on each module fulfilled these criteria, and only RBC and Ht from respectively two and four XN modules had to be recalibrated. Reproducibility of each parameter was determined 10 times in patient samples with low, normal, and high levels. Reproducibility of all parameters was within the specifications of the manufacturer and the biological variability.ConclusionWith this straightforward method, all seven Sysmex XN hematology modules demonstrated uniform results, which were identical to those of the previously used Sysmex XE‐2100 hematology analyzer, the performance of which was well known.
Controlled relative humidity storage for high toughness and strength of binderless green pellets
Authors: Cannon W. Roger , Hoggan Rita E. , Erickson Arnold , Forsmann Bryan , O'Brien Robert C. , Lessing Paul A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn equation was developed to predict fracture toughness of green powder compacts. The model combines crack tip toughness predicted by Kendall's model with crack tip shielding due to bridging of moisture meniscuses across the crack. The model predicts that crack tip shielding due to moisture should be dominant. Fracture tests on ceria green pellets verified that storing pellets at a high relative humidity (98%RH) for an extended period of time led to fracture strength more than double those stored at lowerRH. However, at lowerRHthere is no significant increase in fracture strength with increasedRHas predicted by the model. The lower strength at lowRHis due to insufficient capillary and surface forces but may also be related to the lack of sufficient adsorbed moisture to form bridging meniscuses. The high green strengths achieved by storing pellets at a highRHsuggest a method of strengthening green parts without adding binder.
Orthorhombic‐pseudocubic phase transition and piezoelectric properties of (Na0.5K0.5)(Nb1−xSbx)‐SrZrO3 ceramics
Authors: Lee Ku‐Tak , Kim Dae‐Hyeon , Park Jong‐Seong , Lee Tae‐Gon , Cho Sung‐Hoon , Park Su‐Jin , Kang Jong‐Yoon , Nahm Sahn 
Published: May 2017

Abstract0.96(Na0.5K0.5)(Nb1−xSbx)‐0.04SrZrO3 ceramics with 0.0≤x≤0.06 were well sintered at 1060°C for 6 hours without a secondary phase. Orthorhombic‐tetragonal transition temperature (TO‐T) and Curie temperature (TC) decreased with the addition of Sb2O5. The decrease in TC was considerable compared to that in TO‐T, and thus the tetragonal phase zone disappeared when x exceeded 0.03. Therefore, a broad peak for orthorhombic‐pseudocubic transition as opposed to that for orthorhombic‐tetragonal transition appeared at 115°C‐78.2°C for specimens with 0.04≤x≤0.06. An orthorhombic structure was observed for specimens with x≤0.03. However, the polymorphic phase boundary structure containing orthorhombic and pseudocubic structures was formed for the specimens 0.04≤x≤0.06. Furthermore, a specimen with x=0.055 exhibited a large piezoelectric strain constant of 325 pC/N, indicating that the coexistence of orthorhombic and pseudocubic structures could improve the piezoelectric properties of (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics.
Detection of vegetation trends in highly variable environments after grazing exclusion in Mongolia
Authors: Kakinuma Kaoru , Terui Akira , Sasaki Takehiro , Koyama Asuka , Jamsran Undarmaa , Okuro Toshiya , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsEnvironmental variability (e.g. in precipitation) has a large effect on vegetation dynamics, and this often makes it difficult to assess the recovery of vegetation after a disturbance. In this study, we assessed vegetation recovery trends in response to grazing exclusion while considering for the annual environmental variability.LocationTwo regions with highly variable precipitation: a steppe near Mandalgobi, in Mongolia's Central Gobi province, and a desert steppe near Bulgan, in Mongolia's South Gobi province.MethodsChanges in vegetation were observed along grazing gradients at the above two sites, and vegetation thresholds were identified. We established reference plots in pre‐threshold areas along the grazing gradients. We removed the impact of livestock grazing at various locations along the grazing gradients by establishing exclosures, and investigated vegetation from 2005 to 2013. We developed a smoothed hierarchical model within a Bayesian framework, and examined the effect of grazing exclusion on vegetation, focusing especially on the extent of grass cover recovery. In addition, we compared soil nutrient conditions in the reference plots and inside and outside each exclosure along the grazing gradients.ResultsTemporal trends in the cover of perennial grass in each plot inside and outside of the exclosures largely coincided, irrespective of grazing intensity, and exclosure had no effect (Bulgan) or a negative effect (Mandalgobi) on vegetation recovery. Soil nutrient content was not significantly affected by exclosure at a given distance from the grazing source, but decreased significantly with decreasing grazing intensity. Thus, recovery of the land from a post‐threshold state may not be apparent even after 9 yr of grazing exclusion in environments with highly variable precipitation.ConclusionThe effect of exclosure duration on perennial grass cover was limited, even after controlling for environmental variability. Once a vegetation threshold has been crossed, merely removing livestock from the landscape may not be sufficient for that area to recover.
Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Hardham Adrienne R. , Blackman Leila M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPhytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most devastating plant pathogens in the world. It infects close to 5000 species of plants, including many of importance in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The inadvertent introduction of P. cinnamomi into natural ecosystems, including a number of recognized Global Biodiversity Hotspots, has had disastrous consequences for the environment and the biodiversity of flora and fauna.The genus Phytophthora belongs to the Class Oomycetes, a group of fungus‐like organisms that initiate plant disease through the production of motile zoospores. Disease control is difficult in agricultural and forestry situations and even more challenging in natural ecosystems as a result of the scale of the problem and the limited range of effective chemical inhibitors. The development of sustainable control measures for the future management of P. cinnamomi requires a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of pathogen development and pathogenicity. The application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to generate genomic and transcriptomic data promises to underpin a new era in P. cinnamomi research and discovery. The aim of this review is to integrate bioinformatic analyses of P. cinnamomi sequence data with current knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of P. cinnamomi growth, development and plant infection. The goal is to provide a framework for future research by highlighting potential pathogenicity genes, shedding light on their possible functions and identifying suitable targets for future control measures.TaxonomyPhytophthora cinnamomi Rands; Kingdom Chromista; Phylum Oomycota or Pseudofungi; Class Oomycetes; Order Peronosporales; Family Peronosporaceae; genus Phytophthora.Host rangeInfects about 5000 species of plants, including 4000 Australian native species. Host plants important for agriculture and forestry include avocado, chestnut, macadamia, oak, peach and pineapple.Disease symptomsA root pathogen which causes rotting of fine and fibrous roots, but which can also cause stem cankers. Root damage may inhibit water movement from roots to shoots, leading to dieback of young shoots.Useful websiteshttp://fungidb.org/fungidb/; http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phyci1/Phyci1.home.html; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314365.1; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314505.1
YH12852, a potent and highly selective 5‐HT4 receptor agonist, significantly improves both upper and lower gastrointestinal motility in a guinea pig model of postoperative ileus
Authors: Hussain Z. , Lee Y. J. , Yang H. , Jeong E. J. , Sim J. Y. , Park H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) is a transient gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility that commonly develops after abdominal surgery. YH12852, a novel, potent and highly selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 (5‐HT4) receptor agonist, has been shown to improve both upper and lower GI motility in various animal studies and may have applications for the treatment of POI. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of action of YH12852 in a guinea pig model of POI to explore its therapeutic potential.MethodsThe guinea pig model of POI was created by laparotomy, evisceration, and gentle manipulation of the cecum for 60 seconds, followed by closure with sutures under anesthesia. Group 1 received an oral administration of vehicle or YH12852 (1, 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) only, while POI Group 2 was intraperitoneally pretreated with vehicle or 5‐HT4 receptor antagonist GR113808 (10 mg/kg) prior to oral dosing of vehicle or YH12852 (3 or 10 mg/kg). Upper GI transit was evaluated by assessing the migration of a charcoal mixture in the small intestine, while lower GI transit was assessed via measurement of fecal pellet output (FPO).Key ResultsYH12852 significantly accelerated upper and lower GI transit at the doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg and reached its maximal effect at 10 mg/kg. These effects were significantly blocked by pretreatment of GR113808 10 mg/kg.Conclusion and InferencesOral administration of YH12852 significantly accelerates and restores delayed upper and lower GI transit in a guinea pig model of POI. This drug may serve as a useful candidate for the treatment of postoperative ileus.