bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UMA DISCUSSÃO DA QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL NO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Firmino Rafaelle Gomes , Fonseca Márcia Batista da 
Published: March 2016

<p>Este trabalho faz um levantamento acerca da Legislação Ambiental que vigora no Comércio Internacional e os prováveis efeitos da adoção dessas medidas na redução dos fluxos de comércio. É uma pesquisa que descreve a adoção de medidas restritivas ao comércio de acordo com as exigências ambientais, ou barreiras verdes, com relação as regras da OMC, utilizando como base as regras existentes no Acordo sobre Barreiras Técnicas ao Comércio (TBT) e no Acordo sobre a Aplicação de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (SPS). O Comitê sobre Comércio e Meio Ambiente (CTE) compatibiliza as regras do comércio mundial com os instrumentos de política ambiental, ficando a seu cargo os acordos ambientais multilaterais (MEAs). Os principais MEAs com efeito sobre o comércio são: Protocolo de Quioto, o protocolo de Montreal, a convenção da Basiléia e o CITES. Percebe-se que a aprovação dos acordos multilaterais ambientais garante a conservação dos recursos naturais exauríveis, porém é importante que essas “barreiras verdes” não sejam usadas como uma forma de discriminação ao comércio ampliando o protecionismo.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> </p>
PEGADA HÍDRICA COMO INDICADOR DE SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL
Authors: Bem Maracajá Kettrin Farias , Da Silva Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues , Neto José Dantas , Araújo Lincoln Eloi de 
Published: March 2016

<p>O conceito de pegada hídrica tem sido recentemente introduzido como um importante indicador do consumo de água humano, na tentativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Esse trabalho aborda o conceito da pegada hídrica como um indicador de sustentabilidade, com vistas o uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Nos últimos anos, a escassez de alguns recursos naturais vem sendo bastante discutido em todo o mundo e se da água a preocupação é ainda maior em face do uso desordenado na irrigação, bem como pela poluição da água potável através da industria e agricultura. Partindo dessa análise, a pegada hídrica surge como um indicador de sustentabilidade da água doce em seus diferentes tipos de consumo para que seja utilizada de forma consciente. Com base na revisão da literatura sobre o tema abordado, conclui-se que para a redução da pegada hídrica devem ser tomadas medidas de uso direto e indireto na da água principalmente na agricultura irrigada.</p>
Ladeira Sacopã, 250: um parque, um quilombo, um conflito socioambiental na lagoa
Authors: Castro Maia Patrícia Mendonça 
Published: March 2016

O artigo trata do quilombo Sacopã, que se localiza na Ladeira Sacopã, 250, no bairro da Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro. Sobre parte da área de 6404,17 m² delimitada pelo INCRA como imóvel destinado a uma comunidade afrodescendente, nos termos do art. 68 dos ADCT da CRFB/88 e do Dec. 4887/93, ainda em fase de processo administrativo, encontra-se uma unidade de conservação, o Parque Natural Municipal José Guilherme Merchior. Essa situação fática caracteriza-se por um conflito que envolve a seara dos Direitos Culturais constitucionalmente reconhecidos e a do Direito Ambiental. O artigo objetiva analisar as alternativas apresentadas pelo Direito para a efetivação de uma concepção de desenvolvimento urbano capaz de conciliar a preservação da tradição e do meio ambiente. Palavras-chave: quilombo, preservação ambiental, espaço urbanoThe paper deals with the quilombo Sacopã, which is located on Sacopã Hill, 250, in the district of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro. On part of the area delimited by INCRA 6404.17 m² real estate property as a community of African descent, according to art. 68 from the ADCT and Dec. 4887/93, is a protected area, Parque Natural Municipal José Guilherme Merchior. This factual situation is characterized by a conflict that involves the harvest of the constitutionally recognized and Cultural Rights Environmental Law. The article aims to analyze the alternatives presented by the Law for the realization of a concept on urban development able to reconcile the preservation of tradition and the environment. Keywords: quilombo, environmental preservation, urban space
A agricultura canavieira no Brasil e os direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores no novo contexto de sustentabilidade
Authors: Kokol Awdrey Frederico , Misailidis Mirta Lerena 
Published: March 2016

RESUMO A indústria da cana-de-açúcar encontra-se em perspectiva no mercado internacional em busca da produção de energias limpas e renováveis. Entretanto, a demanda internacional visa que o desenvolvimento econômico ocorra à maneira sustentável, ou seja, sem degradar o meio ambiente e as relações de trabalho. A agricultura canavieira no Brasil encontra seus entraves. A proposta dos usineiros, com o apoio estatal é a mecanização da colheita em substituição à aplicação das queimadas e a mão-de-obra precária. No entanto, as péssimas condições de trabalho estão intrinsecamente relacionadas com o descumprimento da legislação trabalhista e a manutenção do trabalho temporário e mal remunerado. Desta forma, analisando esses pressupostos o artigo busca tratar das políticas públicas necessárias para que o progresso do setor inclua os trabalhadores e as perspectivas diante do que já se tem feito em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável do setor.
A regularização do território quilombola de Retiro: os desafios para o atingimento do mínimo existencial
Authors: Francischetto Gilsilene Passon Picoretti , Carone Julia Silva 
Published: March 2016

Observamos, hoje, que a escravidão deixou rastros marcantes no contexto social brasileiro. Tal assertiva se verifica, entre outros fatores, pela existência de diversas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo no Brasil e no Estado do Espírito Santo, que lutam por sua identidade e pelo direito de permanecer nas terras que vêm ocupando há décadas. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa tem por escopo avaliar as dificuldades encontradas pela comunidade de Retiro, localizada no distrito da Barra de Mangaraí, municipio de Santa Leopoldina - ES, na efetivação dos direitos fundamentais, especialmente no tocante ao direito de propriedade e ao mínimo existencial, com atenção especial aos direitos fundamentais à saúde, educação, moradia, lazer. No caso específico da comunidade de Retiro, constatamos que o direito à propriedade foi garantido pelo Estado, haja visto o processo de regularização das terras da referida comunidade estar finalizado, inclusive, tendo sido editado o decreto presidencial. Entretanto, a situação em que se encontram os moradores denuncia a negligência do Estado à violação ao núcleo de direitos fundamentais, de modo que propomos alterações legislativas a fim de facilitar a proteção a tais direitos à população remanescente de quilombolas.
Uma leitura das organizações criminosas, a partir da legislação de emergência
Authors: Silva Emílio De Oliveira , Machado Felipe Daniel Amorim 
Published: March 2016

O fenômeno da globalizaçãoprovocou sensíveis modificações no âmbito político, econômico, social e cultural em todo o mundo. Tais transformações repercutiram no crime organizado que desenvolveu métodos mais eficientes e seguros na prática de infrações penais, o que o tornou um dos grandes desafios a ser enfrentado pelo Estado na atualidade. Nesse contexto, uma das grandes tendências de tratamento jurídico às organizações criminosas é a sua criminalização. O presente trabalho visa analisar o conceito de crime organizado, abordando sua origem como típica de uma legislação de emergência, além de criticar o despreparo do direito brasileiro para lidar com bens jurídicos metaindividuais, como é o caso do bem jurídico atacado pelas organizações criminosas.
The Cycles Of The Accounting Cycle
Authors: Rude John A. 
Published: March 2016

Early in the first course in financial accounting, students learn the accounting cycle. The accounting cycle is very simple. It is just a list of the basic actions of accountants that lead to the financial statements. However, students beginning the study of accounting seem to find it difficult to understand and remember. I believe the difficulty stems from the way is which the accounting cycle is presented in accounting texts. In this paper, I reviewed principles of accounting and financial accounting texts and some intermediate accounting texts to summarize the way the accounting cycle is currently presented. I then proposed a method of teaching the accounting cycle that focuses on the substance of the steps, not just their form. I further proposed that this method be used as a framework to teach many of the subjects in financial accounting. Lastly, I surveyed accounting students regarding the presentation of the accounting cycle. The results have been very favorable.
The Macroeconomic Effects Of 9/11
Authors: Andreopoulos Giuliana Campanelli , Panayides Alexandros 
Published: March 2016

There has been an extensive discussion on the effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks. The economic literature on this issue appears to be unsatisfactory. In particular it shows three main shortcomings: it provides very different estimations of the costs, does not consider properly the macroeconomic implications, and it is fragmentary. The scope of this paper is to address some of these shortcomings. For this purpose, we will discuss the economic costs of the attacks and will provide a theoretical framework to illustrate and explain its macroeconomic effects.
Advanced Healthcare: A Look At The Current Online Trends
Authors: Erdem S. Altan , Love Dianne 
Published: March 2016

Since it took a while to recognize the significance of marketing in the field of healthcare, one could have doubts when it comes to the use of the Internet in healthcare marketing. Yet, the growing use of the Internet in healthcare supports the notion that the Internet is probably the most powerful vehicle for distributing health information to millions of individuals and it is one of the best marketing tools in this field. Accordingly, we are now witnessing so many practices that we can safely assume that it is now the time for e-commerce in healthcare industry. While this may be true for many, there are also some who are concerned about using the online options in the field of healthcare. Since these concerns are mostly about the questionable accuracy of the “health” information on the net, they are rather serious and deserve an in-depth look. This paper reviews some of the current practices in the field and provides some examples of “good” and “not-so-good” online options. It is hoped that the review of these examples will result in similar inquiries in the future and as these “not-so-good” options are exposed more, they will eventually be replaced with the “good” ones.
Analysts Earnings Forecast Accuracy And Activity: A Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Myring Mark , Wrege William 
Published: March 2016

We examine time-series variations in the accuracy of analysts’ earnings forecasts and analyst-specific factors that may explain these variations. Our analysis shows that the accuracy of analysts’ annual earnings forecast accuracy has increased over our sample period (1984-2006). In addition, forecasts have become more timely and frequent and analysts tend to issue forecasts for more consecutive years before being replaced. We also find evidence that analysts issue forecasts for fewer companies per year and have a greater degree of industry-specific specialization. Results of our analysis suggest that changes in analyst-specific characteristics have enhanced analysts’ ability to make accurate forecasts.
The Study On The Effects Of Organizational Members Job Burnout
Authors: Kwag Seon-Hwa , Kim Mi-Hee 
Published: March 2016

The rapidity with which the concept of job burnout has been incorporated into everyone's life is astonishing. During the two decades, many organizational members had been experienced job stresses. Because of chromic job stresses, they have fallen into job burnout. Generally speaking, Job burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. But there are not enough studies about a profession outside human service. In this point of view, this study examines the effect of organizational member's job burnout on job performance and what are the major antecedents of job burnout. Also the present study is designed to test the moderating effect of supervisor's support, job discretion, and self-esteem on relationship between role overload and role conflict and members' job burnout. The purposes of this study are as follows; First of all, this study purposed to examine the factors which affect the organizational members’ job burnout. Secondly, this study was to examine the effect of the members' job burnout on job performance. Thirdly, this study aimed to test moderating effect of supervisor's support, job discretion, and self-esteem on relationship between role overload and role conflict and the members' job burnout. For the practical analysis, 100 structured questionnaires were distributed to Korean employees in Korean employees in Busan, and Gyeongnam, Korea. 100 questionnaires were distributed and 100 were returned. However, 3 questionnaires out of those returned were considered to be statistically valueless for analysis since some questions were left unanswered and some were clearly biased. Therefore, a total of 97 questionnaires were used for analysis. The collected data has been analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 for windows. The statistical techniques used in this study were descriptive analysis, reliability test, factor analysis, discriminate analysis, correlation analysis, multi regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The major findings of the study are as follows; First of all, role overload and role conflict are shown to be the major antecedents of job burnout, particularly of the exhaustion and disengagement components. Secondly, the disengagement of job burnout was related to lower levels of job performance. Thirdly, moderating effect of supervisor's support on the relationship between role overload and the members of exhaustion was statistically significant. But moderating effect of job performance and self-esteem was not significant.
Whos Running Corporate America? A Study Of S&P 500 CEOs In 2005
Authors: Howard Bruce 
Published: March 2016

Spencer Stuart Research & Insight is one of the world’s leading executive search consulting firms. The firm was founded in 1956, is privately owned and operates 50 offices in 26 countries around the world. Clients range across industries and size from start-ups to the world largest firms. Spencer Stuart gathered and published raw data on the educational backgrounds of CEO’s of S&P 500 companies in 2005. (See spencerstuart.com/research/articles/936) This paper draws on that data and compiles it in summary fashion to provide an overview of the persons serving in the role of CEO of S&P 500 corporations. Particular attention is given to the educational background of the CEO’s.
ESTUDIO DE LA ACIDEZ DE ZEOLITAS EN LA REACCIÓN DE ISOMERIZACIÓN DEL α-PINENO
Authors: Pérez Larios Alejandro , Ostroumov Michail , Gómez Ricardo , Rico José Luis 
Published: March 2016

<span>A fin de favorecer la producción del canfeno, producto de la isomerización del α-pineno, en este trabajo se prueban las zeolitas clinoptilolita, natural (disponible en nuestro país, específicamente en Michoacán), así como las zeolitas comerciales ZSM-5 y mordenita, como catalizadores para esta reacción, en un intervalo de 130 a 230°C. Se ha encontrado que el material natural con un tratamiento simple (dos lavados con agua desionizada), presenta buena conversión en la isomerización del α-pineno y mayor selectividad hacia canfeno, en comparación con las zeolitas comerciales.</span><br /><strong>Palabras clave:</strong><span> Canfeno, α-pineno, zeolitas, catalizadores e isomerizació</span>
BUEN PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA DE CAUCHY ASOCIADO A LA ECUACIÓN NO LINEAL DE SCHRÖDINGER
Authors: De la Cruz Guerrero Richard Alexander 
Published: March 2016

<p>En este artículo se muestra el buen planteamiento del problema de Cauchy asociado a la ecuación no lineal de Schrödinger en espacios de Sobolev Hs (R) usando el método de regular ización parabólica, estimativas de Bona-Smith y los métodos propuestos por Iorio en [7 - 9].</p><p><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>Ecuación NLS, buen planteamiento, regular ización parabólica,estimativas de Bona-Smith.</p>
EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA Y pH EN LA VELOCIDAD DE PRECIPITACIÓN Y EXTRACCION DE ALMIDÓN DE PAPA CRIOLLA (Solanum phureja)
Authors: González Montiel Lucio , Parra Huertas Ricardo Adolfo , Pimentel Gonzáles Diana Jaqueline 
Published: March 2016

<div>Químicamente, el almidón es una mezcla de polisacáridos que contienen regiones cristalinas y no cristalinas en capas alternadas, constituidos por glucosa como monómero estructural. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura (4, 15 y 40°C) y del pH (ácido, neutro y básico) sobre las velocidades de precipitación y los porcentajes de almidón de papa criolla (Solanum phureja). Los resultados mostraron que las diferentes temperaturas y pHs afectan la velocidad de precipitación y el rendimiento de almidón. Elmayor rendimiento de extracción de almidón (15,63%), se logró a condiciones ambientales y no se afectó por causa del pH. A una temperatura de 40°C y pH ácido, el rendimiento se modificó drásticamente alcanzando solo un 11,06%. El tratamiento que presentó mejores rendimientos y velocidad deprecipitación, fue una temperatura de 15°C y un pH ácido.<br /><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Almidón, rendimiento, pH, temperatura, precipitación.</div><div> </div>
COMPUESTOS TIOCARBONILO: NUEVOS DESARROLLOS EN LA FORMACIÓN DE ENLACES C=S
Authors: Vargas Sánchez Yenni Lizbeth , Cubillos Lobo Jairo Antonio 
Published: March 2016

<h4>Resumen</h4><br /><div>Los compuestos tiocarbonilo son sustancias que tienen un doble enlace carbono-azufre, y poseen al menos un grupo orgánico enlazado al carbono tiocarbonilo. Dentro de ellos encontramos los tioaldehídos, tiocetonas, tionoésteres, tioamidas, ditioésteres y sulfinas u óxidos tiocarbonilos, que,aunque se han considerado poco comunes, han sido identificados como importantes precursores en síntesis de compuestos orgánicos como las β-lactonas, así como intermediarios útiles en la síntesis de varias moléculasbiológicamente activas. Con esta revisión se presenta una descripción de los diferentes métodos de síntesis y sus aspectos mecanísticos, con el ánimo de identificar la importancia de los procesos de tionación, así como reconocerlas mejoras que han venido presentando, pues hoy en día constituyen una herramienta clave para la obtención de tiocompuestos de una forma más eficiente y compatible con el medio ambiente.<br /><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Tiocarbonilos, tionación, tioaldehídos, tioacetonas, tioamidas, reactivo de Lawesson.</div>
Bantahan Ibnu Rusyd Terhadap Kritik Al-Ghazâlî Tentang Keqadiman Alam
Authors: Hidayat Nurul 
Published: March 2016

Among “excess” of Muslims philosophers and teologians of middle ages were their ability to formulate divine teaching in speculative idea. That is true in the case of debate between al-Ghazali, deputizing theologians, with Ibnu Rusyd, deputizing philosophers. The debate was focused at problems how to comprehend creation of nature, whether it is creatio ex nihilo or creatio nihilo. The “victory” of al-Ghazali against philosophers took vital and important influence to growth of philosophy in Islam world. Being accused as infidel by al-Ghazali Muslims philosophers and philosophy was marginalized from Islamic treasures.
Its impact admit of to be felt hitherto, that is in the form of ban, at least, suspicion to philosophy as science to mislead. To position both Islamic treasures—theology and philosophy—proportionally it is necessary to trace the debate between two disciplines since in fact the opinion of philosophers does not oppose against al-Qur'an, but against al-Ghazali’s opinion.
Growing Up: How Audit Internships Affect Students' Commitment and Long-Term Intentions to Work in Public Accounting
Authors: Hart Matthew , Kremin Joleen , Pasewark William R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
This study investigates factors that influence audit interns' commitment and long-term intentions to work in public accounting. We measure the organizational and professional commitment of 127 audit interns prior to the start of busy-season internships with public accounting firms and then again at the conclusion of the internship. We find that both organizational and professional commitment decline significantly as a result of the internship experience. We note that heavy workloads during the internship decreased the degree of commitment to a particular firm. On the other hand, offering challenging work assignments and surrounding the intern with desirable coworkers significantly increased commitment to both the firm and the profession. We also find that changes in organizational commitment are related to changes in interns' long-term intentions to work in public accounting, and that by the end of the internship, nearly 60 percent of the interns changed their views with regard to how long they planned to work in public accounting, with a majority of respondents anticipating a shorter career in the profession.
JEL Classifications: M42.
The treatment timing of labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors: A prospective study
Authors: Sun Hao , Hu Rongdang , Ren Manman , Lin Yan , Wang Xiuying , Sun Chaofan , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the timing of treatment for the labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors.

Methods:
Twenty-eight patients (mean age, 8.2 years) with labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors were divided into early-treated and later-treated groups according to their dental age. All of the patients were treated with a combination of surgery and orthodontic traction using the Guide rod appliance. Cone-beam computed tomography images were taken immediately after treatment for assessing the root morphology, root length, and alveolar bone loss. Sagittal slices were evaluated at the widest labial-lingual width of the tooth in the axial view. All variables were evaluated by Simplant 13.0 software (Materialise Dental NV, Leuven, Belgium).

Results:
The rank sum test indicated that the root length of two groups showed a statistically significant difference between the impacted and homonym tooth, with a shorter length in the impacted tooth (P &lt; .05). The D-value (difference of root length between the impacted and homonym tooth) and alveolar bone loss on the labial side of the impacted incisor are significantly less in the early-treated groups when compared with the later-treated groups (P &lt; .05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a statistically positive association between the treatment timing and D-value (r  =  .623, P &lt; .05). The chi-square test for morphology of root apex indicated that the incidence of the root-apex-directed labial side is significantly higher in the later-treated groups when compared with the early-treated groups.

Conclusion:
The labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors should be treated early to promote root development by achieving a better morphology of root apex, thus reducing the risk of alveolar bone loss on the labial side.