bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of microsatellite instability in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival in gastric cancer
Authors: Polom K , Marano L , Marrelli D , De Luca R , Roviello G , Savelli V , Tan P , Roviello F 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Several associations between microsatellite instability (MSI) and other clinicopathological factors have been reported in gastric cancer, but the results have been ambiguous. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between MSI and overall survival and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid databases until 31 January 2016 was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The articles were screened independently according to PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) eligibility criteria. All eligible articles were evaluated independently by two reviewers for risk of bias according to the Quality In Prognosis Study tool.

Results
Overall, 48 studies with a total of 18 612 patients were included. MSI was found in 9·2 per cent of patients (1718 of 18 612), and was associated with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1·57, 95 per cent c.i. 1·31 to 1·89; P &lt; 0·001), older age (OR 1·58, 2·20 to 1·13; P &lt; 0·001), intestinal Laurén histological type (OR 2·23, 1·94 to 2·57; P &lt; 0·001), mid/lower gastric location (OR 0·38, 0·32 to 0·44; P &lt; 0·001), lack of lymph node metastases (OR 0·70, 0·57 to 0·86, P &lt; 0·001) and TNM stage I–II (OR 1·77, 1·47 to 2·13; P &lt; 0·001). The pooled hazard ratio for overall survival of patients with MSI versus those with non-MSI gastric cancer from 21 studies was 0·69 (95 per cent c.i. 0·56 to 0·86; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
MSI in gastric cancer was associated with good overall survival, reflected in several favourable clinicopathological tumour characteristics.
Isolation and Antifouling Activity of Azulene Derivatives from the Antarctic Gorgonian Acanthogorgia laxa
Authors: Patiño Cano Laura P. , Quintana Manfredi Rodrigo , Pérez Miriam , García Mónica , Blustein Guillermo , Cordeiro Ralf , Pérez Carlos D. , Schejter Laura , Palermo Jorge A. 
Published: November 2017

Three azulenoid sesquiterpenes (1 – 3) were isolated from the Antarctic gorgonian Acanthogorgia laxa collected by bottom trawls at −343 m. Besides linderazulene (1), and the known ketolactone 2, a new brominated C16 linderazulene derivative (3) was also identified. This compound has an extra carbon atom at C(7) of the linderazulene framework. The antifouling activity of compounds 1 and 2 was assayed in the laboratory with Artemia salina larvae, and also in field tests, by incorporation in soluble‐matrix experimental antifouling paints. The results obtained after a 45 days field trial of the paints, showed that compounds 1 and 2 displayed good antifouling potencies against a wide array of organisms. Compound 3, a benzylic bromide, was unstable and for this reason was not submitted to bioassays. Two known cembranolides: pukalide and epoxypukalide, were also identified as minor components of the extract.
Delayed diagnosis of Brugada syndrome in a patient with aborted sudden cardiac death and initial negative flecainide challenge
Authors: Chauveau Samuel , Le Vavasseur Olivier , Chevalier Philippe 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageA negative flecainide challenge does not rule out Brugada syndrome even in the presence of nonfatal cardiac arrest as the first manifestation of the disease. This should prompt clinicians to ensure long‐term ECG follow‐up and consider repeating a drug test with another sodium channel blocker.
Isolation and Functional Use of Human NKT Cells
Authors: Exley Mark A. , Wilson S. Brian , Balk Steven P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis unit details methods for the isolation, in vitro expansion, and functional characterization of human iNKT cells. The term ‘iNKT’ derives from the fact that a large fraction of murine and some human NK marker+ T cells (‘NKT’) recognize the MHC class I–like CD1d protein and use an identical ‘invariant’ TCRα chain, which is generated in humans by precise Vα24 and Jα18 rearrangements with either no N‐region diversity or subsequent trimming to identical or nearly identical amino acid sequence (hence, ‘iNKT’ cells). iNKT are mostly CD4+ or CD4–CD8– (‘double negative’), although a few CD8+ iNKT can be found in some humans. Basic Protocol 1 and Alternate Protocol 1 use multi‐color FACS analysis to identify and quantitate rare iNKT cells from human samples. Basic Protocol 2 describes iNKT cell purification. Alternate Protocol 2 describes a method for high‐speed FACS sorting of iNKT cells. Basic Protocol 3 explains functional analysis of iNKT. Alternate Protocol 3 employs a cell sorting approach to isolate iNKT cell clones. A support protocol for secondary stimulation and rapid expansion of iNKT cells is also included. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Novel Microscopic Analyzing System for Characterizing Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using EFISHG and LBIC Measurements
Authors: SADAKATA ATSUO , TAGUCHI DAI , MANAKA TAKAAKI , IWAMOTO MITSUMASA 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYFor analyzing carrier behaviors in organic light‐emitting diodes, we have developed a novel microscopic analyzing system using electric‐field‐induced optical second‐harmonic generation measurement and laser‐beam‐induced current measurement. Distributions of electric fields, interfacial accumulated charges, electroluminescence (EL) intensity, and photocurrent are microscopically probed. Our developed analyzing system showed a strong relationship between EL intensity distribution and photocurrent distribution, and thus is found helpful for improvement of organic devices.
Impact of flow diversion by run-of-river dams on American dipper diet and mercury exposure
Authors: Silverthorn Veronica M. , Bishop Christine A. , Jardine Timothy , Elliott John E. , Morrissey Christy A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Run-of-river dams produce lower greenhouse gas emissions than large hydropower projects, but there is a paucity of research on their potential ecotoxicological impacts through disruption of natural flow regimes. We used stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) to reconstruct diet and trace methylmercury in a predatory river-resident passerine, the American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), at 7 regulated and 6 free-flowing mountain streams in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Assimilated diets were comparable among regulated and unregulated streams, dominated by benthic macroinvertebrates and resident freshwater fish, with negligible contributions from anadromous Pacific salmon. Although invertebrates at unregulated streams were isotopically similar along their gradient, dippers and invertebrates sampled below dams on regulated streams had 34S-depleted tissues, suggesting increased activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria and more Hg methylation below the dams. Mercury concentrations in dipper blood (417.6 ± 74.1 standard error [SE] ng/g wet wt at regulated streams, 340.7 ± 42.7 SE ng/g wet wt at unregulated streams) and feathers (1564 .6 ± 367.2 SE ng/g dry wt regulated, 1149.0 ± 152.1 SE ng/g dry wt unregulated), however, were not significantly different between stream types. Relative to other passerines across western North America, dippers in these densely forested mountain streams experienced high mercury exposure; and one recently regulated stream supported dippers with mercury concentrations of potential toxicity concern (up to 8459.5 ng/g dry wt in feathers and 1824.6 ng/g wet wt in whole blood). Elevated mercury in dippers is likely attributable to the birds’ relatively high trophic position and high regional inorganic mercury deposition; however, biogeochemical conditions in reservoirs of some regulated streams may be contributing to methylmercury production. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:411–426. © 2017 SETAC
FeminizingWolbachiaendosymbiont disrupts maternal sex chromosome inheritance in a butterfly species
Authors: Kageyama Daisuke , Ohno Mizuki , Sasaki Tatsushi , Yoshido Atsuo , Konagaya Tatsuro , Jouraku Akiya , Kuwazaki Seigo , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Katayose Yuichi , Narita Satoko , Miyata Mai , Riegler Markus , Sahara Ken 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWolbachia is a maternally inherited ubiquitous endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that displays a diverse repertoire of host reproductive manipulations. For the first time, we demonstrate that Wolbachia manipulates sex chromosome inheritance in a sexually reproducing insect. Eurema mandarina butterfly females on Tanegashima Island, Japan, are infected with the wFem Wolbachia strain and produce all-female offspring, while antibiotic treatment results in male offspring. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that wFem-positive and wFem-negative females have Z0 and WZ sex chromosome sets, respectively, demonstrating the predicted absence of the W chromosome in wFem-infected lineages. Genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that wFem-positive females lay only Z0 eggs that carry a paternal Z, whereas females from lineages that are naturally wFem-negative lay both WZ and ZZ eggs. In contrast, antibiotic treatment of adult wFem females resulted in the production of Z0 and ZZ eggs, suggesting that this Wolbachia strain can disrupt the maternal inheritance of Z chromosomes. Moreover, most male offspring produced by antibiotic-treated wFem females had a ZZ karyotype, implying reduced survival of Z0 individuals in the absence of feminizing effects of Wolbachia. Antibiotic treatment of wFem-infected larvae induced male-specific splicing of the doublesex (dsx) gene transcript, causing an intersex phenotype. Thus, the absence of the female-determining W chromosome in Z0 individuals is functionally compensated by Wolbachia-mediated conversion of sex determination. We discuss how Wolbachia may manipulate the host chromosome inheritance and that Wolbachia may have acquired this coordinated dual mode of reproductive manipulation first by the evolution of female-determining function and then cytoplasmically induced disruption of sex chromosome inheritance.
Characteristic‐based inlet and outlet boundary conditions for incompressible flows
Authors: Mohammadi Seyyed Keivan , Zamzamian Kamiar 
Published: October 2017

SummaryDetermining boundary conditions (BCs) for incompressible flows is such a delicate matter that affects the accuracy of the results. In this research, a new characteristic‐based BC for incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations is introduced. Discretization of equations has been done via finite volume. Additionally, artificial compressibility correction has been employed to deal with equations. Ordinary extrapolation from inner cells of a domain was used as a traditional way to estimate pressure and velocities on solid wall and inlet/outlet boundaries. Here, this method was substituted by the newly proposed BCs based on the characteristics of artificial compressibility equations. To follow this purpose, a computer code has been developed to carry out series of numerical tests for a flow over a backward‐facing step and was applied to a wide range of Reynolds numbers and grid combinations. Calculation of convective and viscous fluxes was done using Jameson's averaging scheme. Employing the characteristic‐based method for determining BCs has shown an improved convergence rate and reduced calculation time comparing with those of traditional ones. Furthermore, with the reduction of domain and computational cells, a similar accuracy was achieved for the results in comparison with the ones obtained from the traditional extrapolation method, and these results were in good agreement with the ones in the literature.
Effects of different fluids on microcrack propagation in sandstone under true triaxial loading conditions
Authors: Hu Shaobin , Li Xiaochun , Bai Bing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of rock under conditions of multiphase fluids is currently a key scientific issue in the field of geotechnical engineering. In this work, we conducted triaxial compression experiments of initially water‐saturated samples, which were flooded with CO2using the semipermeable separator method; comparatively investigated the mechanical behaviors of sandstone under the conditions of mono‐phase fluids CO2/N2/H2O and biphase fluid CO2‐H2O; and analyzed the stress‐strain characteristics, internal crack expansion, and macrocrack failure patterns of sandstones. Compared with H2O, CO2and N2could lead sandstone cracks to show a pattern of multiple fractures, displaying a double shear failure mode and multiple branch cracks along principal fractures. Moreover, the cracking effect of supercritical CO2was more evident. Under the conditions of pore pressure of 10 MPa and temperature of 323 K, the ratio of work done by CO2, N2and H2O during crack expansion was 23.5:24.1:1, with transient pressure drops to 7.82 MPa, 9.25 MPa, and 0.1 MPa, respectively. Overall, the study analyzed the mechanisms of physicochemical interactions of fluid types and the number of phases in sandstone minerals at the microscale and revealed the mechanical mechanism between fluids and rock minerals, as well as the impacts of these fluids on the strength, internal crack expansion and deformation of sandstone. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of family‐wise error rates in statistical parametric mapping using random field theory
Authors: Flandin Guillaume , Friston Karl J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis technical report revisits the analysis of family‐wise error rates in statistical parametric mapping—using random field theory—reported in (Eklund et al. []: arXiv 1511.01863). Contrary to the understandable spin that these sorts of analyses attract, a review of their results suggests that they endorse the use of parametric assumptions—and random field theory—in the analysis of functional neuroimaging data. We briefly rehearse the advantages parametric analyses offer over nonparametric alternatives and then unpack the implications of (Eklund et al. []: arXiv 1511.01863) for parametric procedures. Hum Brain Mapp, 40:2052–2054, 2019. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability of an fMRI paradigm for emotional processing in a multisite longitudinal study: Clarification and implications for statistical power
Authors: Cannon Tyrone D. , Cao Hengyi , Mathalon Daniel H. , Gee Dylan G. ,   on behalf of the NAPLS consortium
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this commentary, we clarify the meaning of the generalizability‐theory‐based coefficients reported in our multisite reliability study of fMRI measures of regional brain activation during an emotion processing task (Gee et al., Human Brain Mapping 2015;36:2558–2579). While the original paper reported generalizability and dependability coefficients based on the design of our traveling subjects study (in which each subject was scanned twice at each of eight sites), those coefficients are of limited applicability outside of the reliability study context. Here we report generalizability and dependability coefficients that represent the reliability one can expect for a multisite study, in which a given subject is scanned once on a scanner drawn randomly from the pool of available scanners (i.e., analogous to the more typical multisite study design). We also characterize the implications of a multisite versus single‐site study design for statistical power, including Figure 1 that shows sample size requirements to detect activation in two key nodes of the emotion processing circuitry given observed differences in reliability of measurement between single‐site and multisite designs.
Fibrogenic and angiogenic commitments of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived mesenchymal stem cells in connective tissue growth factor‐delivering scaffold in an immune‐deficient mice model
Authors: Xu Ruodan , Dagnaes‐Hansen Frederik , Wogensen Lise , Axelsen Susanne Maigaard , Seliktar Dror , Chen Menglin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCompared to terminal differentiated cells, stem cells play important roles in the maintenance and regeneration, and thus have been intensively researched as the most promising cell based therapy. In order to maximize the effectiveness of stem cell based therapies, it is essential to understand the environmental (niche) signals that regulate stem cell behavior. Recent findings suggest that fibroblasts have a mesenchymal origin and that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate proangiogenic function, where both fibrogenic and angiogenic activities are associated with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matricellular protein that serves as an essential mediator of skeletogenesis in development and vascular remodeling. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that upon local delivery of CTGF from a three dimensional (3D) nanocomposite scaffold, human induced pluripotent stem cells derived MSCs can be directed to differentiate toward fibroblasts in a 3D nanocomposite scaffold in female nonobese diabetic CB‐17/Icr‐severe combined immunodeficient mice. The stem cell‐scaffold constructs present not only intriguingly strong fibroblastic commitments but also angiogenic induction in vivo. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2266–2274, 2018.
Relationships between family structure, adolescent health status and substance use: Does ethnicity matter?
Authors: Areba Eunice M. , Eisenberg Marla E. , McMorris Barbara J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examined the variations of adolescent health status and risk involvement– prevalence of mental health disabilities, chronic health conditions, substance use, and exposure to tobacco–between 6 family structures in a school‐based sample of Latino, Somali, Hmong, and White students and whether ethnicity moderated these associations. Data were collected from the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey, comprising a sample of 29,345 from 8th, 9th, and 11th grades. Logistic regression investigated relationships between family structure and health variables. Adolescents in nuclear families reported better health outcomes in most models; odds of mental disabilities were 1.64 for single parent and 2.45 for other family structures. Significant effect modification was noted for all health outcomes; extended families were consistently protective for Hmong youth and offered some protection for Latino and Somali youth. Policies and programs that support parents and guardians are essential, and may be especially beneficial for ethnic minority youth in single‐parent, grandparent‐only, and other family structures.
Referrals to a tertiary hospital: A window into clinical management issues in functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Linedale Ecushla C , Shahzad Muhammad A , Kellie Andrew R , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Gibson Peter R , Andrews Jane M 
Published: October 2017

Background and AimTo investigate the quality of and reasons for referrals of patients with likely functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and explore patients’ experience of clinical management.MethodsA cross sectional, mixed‐methods study was undertaken. Referrals (July 2013–2015) to one gastroenterology outpatient department triaged as “likely FGID”, the referred patients and their referring primary healthcare providers were examined.ResultsA total of 69% of patients reported not yet receiving an initial diagnosis, 52% reported persistent/distressing symptoms or reduced quality of life, 24% feared missed or worsening pathology, and 35% were seeking repeat specialist consultation. Most patients were dissatisfied (40%) or only partially satisfied (36%) with current management. Dissatisfaction was significantly related to the lack of provision of a diagnosis and effective treatment options (P < 0.001). Referral quality was poor and with the reason for referral clearly communicated in only 25%. Common referral reasons included repeat presentations (n = 32), diagnostic uncertainty (n = 19), to ensure nothing is missed (n = 19), patient request (n = 17), no response to treatment (n = 16), and to allay patient fears (n = 14). A total of 28/60 primary healthcare providers were confident that their patient had a FGID, yet sought confirmation (n = 16), second opinion (n = 8), or advice (n = 4).ConclusionCurrent management of FGID in usual care is suboptimal, as evidenced by the tertiary referral load, patient dissatisfaction, and the lack of provision of diagnoses and effective treatment options. Some clinicians lack confidence in effectively identifying and managing these conditions. Resources and supports to equip and assist clinicians to identify and manage FGID successfully may enhance patient care.
Brief counselling after home‐based HIV counselling and testing strongly increases linkage to care: a cluster‐randomized trial in Uganda
Authors: Ruzagira Eugene , Grosskurth Heiner , Kamali Anatoli , Baisley Kathy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine whether counselling provided subsequent to HIV testing and referral for care increases linkage to care among HIV‐positive persons identified through home‐based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) in Masaka, Uganda.MethodsThe study was an open‐label cluster‐randomized trial. 28 rural communities were randomly allocated (1:1) to intervention (HBHCT, referral and counselling at one and two months) or control (HBHCT and referral only). HIV‐positive care‐naïve adults (≥18 years) were enrolled. To conceal participants’ HIV status, one HIV‐negative person was recruited for every three HIV‐positive participants. Primary outcomes were linkage to care (clinic‐verified registration for care) status at six months, and time to linkage. Primary analyses were intention‐to‐treat using random effects logistic regression or Cox regression with shared frailty, as appropriate.ResultsThree hundred and two(intervention, n = 149; control, n = 153) HIV‐positive participants were enrolled. Except for travel time to the nearest HIV clinic, baseline participant characteristics were generally balanced between trial arms. Retention was similar across trial arms (92% overall). One hundred and twenty‐seven (42.1%) participants linked to care: 76 (51.0%) in the intervention arm versus 51 (33.3%) in the control arm [odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–3.78; p = 0.008)]. There was evidence of interaction between trial arm and follow‐up time (p = 0.009). The probability of linkage to care, did not differ between arms in the first two months of follow‐up, but was subsequently higher in the intervention arm versus the control arm [hazard ratio = 4.87, 95% CI = 1.79–13.27, p = 0.002].ConclusionsCounselling substantially increases linkage to care among HIV‐positive adults identified through HBHCT and may enhance efforts to increase antiretroviral therapy coverage in sub‐Saharan Africa.