bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of synovial cysts of the spine
Authors: Chebib Ivan , Chang Connie Y , Schwab Joseph H , Kerr Darcy A , Deshpande Vikram , Nielsen G Petur 
Published: January 2018

AimsCystic lesions derived from the synovial and ligamentous structures of the spine have varied histological appearances. Not uncommonly, there is discrepancy between the clinicoradiological diagnosis and histology. Therefore, we sought to characterise the histological features of tissue submitted as ‘synovial cysts’ of the spine.Methods and resultsResected specimens of the spine labelled ‘synovial cysts’ and ‘lumbar cysts’ were histologically evaluated and classified on the basis of histopathological features. Seventy‐five histological samples of spinal cysts were identified. Thirty‐one were classified as synovial cysts (definite synovial lining), 28 showed pseudocystic degeneration of the ligamentum flavum, seven showed pseudocyst formation without evidence of a synovial lining or degeneration of the ligamentum flavum, and eight showed cyst contents only or no histological evidence of cyst wall for evaluation. Twenty‐five cases (33%), especially those showing pseudocystic degeneration of the ligamentum flavum, were associated with very characteristic tumour calcinosis‐like calcium deposition with a surrounding foreign‐body giant‐cell reaction.ConclusionHistology of ‘synovial cysts’ of the spine shows varied types of cyst; a large proportion are not synovial‐lined cysts, but rather show pseudocystic degenerative changes of the ligamentum flavum, often associated with very characteristic finely granular calcifications and a foreign‐body giant‐cell reaction. This may have implications not only for understanding the pathogenesis of these lesions, but also for their varied responses to non‐surgical interventions.
New collagen‐coated calcium phosphate synthetic bone filler (Synergoss®): A comparative surface analysis
Authors: Iviglia Giorgio , Morra Marco , Cassinelli Clara , Torre Elisa , Rodriguez Y Baena Ruggero 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReplacement of bone loss or reconstruction of bone defect is still a clinical challenge. Synergoss® is a recently developed synthetic bone filler that exploits biomolecular surface engineering to deliver directly to the filler‐implant interface the signaling properties of type I collagen. In this article, we compared Synergoss® bone filler with the most used materials present on the market derived from animal source (Bio‐Oss®, Gen‐Os®) or synthetic source (BoneCeramic®). All tested bone fillers were analyzed by ATR‐IR, providing information concerning the chemical composition and the main functional groups. Surface zeta potential analysis shows a positive surface charge for Synergoss®, confirming that the material exposes a collagen nanolayer to the surrounding environment, unlike typical synthetic and bone‐based fillers. The chemical composition of the first few nanometers of the surface of tested bone fillers was evaluated by XPS, and Synergoss® shows a significant amount of nitrogen (9.8 at%), which is not detected in any of the remaining materials. Morphological structure of Synergoss® (analyzed by SEM) shows a uniformly distributed micro‐ and macroporosity, which plays an essential role in influencing cell adhesion and blood vessel infiltration, nutrient transportation, and clot formation to stimulate the overall healing process.
Techno‐economic optimization model for “sustainable” insulation material developed for energy efficiency
Authors: Balo Figen , Sua Lutfu S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRenewable insulation materials are produced within the scope of this study using clay, fly ash, expanded perlite, epoxidized hemp oil, and hemp fiber. Density, thermal conductivity, and compressive‐tensile strength of the produced materials are analyzed. Economic and environmental analysis of the best sample with the most appropriate characteristics for an insulation material is conducted using a hybrid mathematical model developed for this study. Mathematical formulas of an economic evaluation technique of P1‐P2 method is integrated into Simulated Annealing Algorithm as one of the metaheuristic optimization approaches. Applicability of the proposed material for externally insulated walls is tested. For this purpose, optimum insulation thickness, payback period, energy savings for 10 years of lifetime, and CO2‐SO2 emissions were calculated for 5 types of energy sources along with a sensitivity analysis. This method is developed and coded in a software platform and used for the first time for the optimization of insulation material thickness. The experimental results obtained from evaluation of the sample H36 indicate that using this material for insulation purposes in the buildings have the potential of making significant contribution for energy efficiency along with various environmental benefits.
Structural evaluation and mechanical property of boron nitride fibers during melt‐drawn fabrication process
Authors: Wang Chonghai , Hong Changqing , Yan Liwen , Lin Xue , Zhang Mingxia , Wang Jiazhi , Qu Qiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBoron nitride (BN) fibers were fabricated on a large scale through the melt‐drawn technique from low‐cost boric acid, NH3, and N2. Evolution of structure and properties of BN fibers during the fabrication process was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanical properties of BN fibers were tested and analyzed. The results shown that both the mechanical properties and the crystallinity of BN fibers slightly increased with the temperature from 450 to 850°C, due to the combination of the fused‐B3N3. For BN fibers heat‐treated at 850 or 1000°C, the tensile strength (σR) and elastic modulus (E) were strongly increased because of the increase in crystallization of the BN phase. The meso‐hexagonal BN fibers with a diameter of 5.0 μm were fabricated at 1750°C, of which the tensile strength (σR) and elastic modulus (E) are 1200 MPa and 85 GPa, respectively. BN fibers with excellent mechanical properties and proper diameters were obtained by nitriding of green fibers during their conversion into ceramic.
Isotretinoin treatment for folliculitis decalvans: a retrospective case‐series study
Authors: Aksoy Berna , Hapa Asli , Mutlu Emine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe literature includes only a few reports of oral isotretinoin for the treatment of folliculitis decalvans (FD). This study aimed to determine the most effective dose and duration of oral isotretinoin monotherapy for achieving remission in FD patients.MethodsThis retrospective case series study included FD patients that were treated with oral isotretinoin. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment details were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Patients were contacted via telephone after treatment was completed and asked about any relapses, time period of relapses, and the long‐term effects of the treatment.ResultsThe study included 39 male patients with a mean age of 37.9 ± 15.5 years. All of the patients received oral isotretinoin 0.1–1.02 mg/kg/day (10–90 mg/day) for a median duration of 2.5 months (range: 1–8 months). In all, 82.0% of patients healed after the treatment. Patients that received oral isotretinoin ≥0.4 mg/kg/day for ≥3 months responded better, and 66% of them never relapsed.ConclusionContrary to general belief, oral isotretinoin monotherapy resulted in complete response in the majority of patients in this study. Based on this finding, we think oral isotretinoin ≥0.4 mg/kg/day should be given for ≥3 months to minimize the likelihood of relapse. In addition, we think oral isotretinoin monotherapy should be considered a promising treatment alternative for FD that warrants further research.
Krüppel homologue 1 acts as a repressor and an activator in the transcriptional response to juvenile hormone in adult mosquitoes
Authors: Ojani R. , Fu X. , Ahmed T. , Liu P. , Zhu J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractKrüppel homologue 1 (Kr‐h1) is a zinc finger transcription factor that is upregulated in insects by juvenile hormone (JH) in metamorphosis and adult reproduction. The molecular function of Kr‐h1 in reproduction remains largely unknown. Here we report that AaKr‐h1 functions as an important transcription regulator in adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The amount of AaKr‐h1 protein increases with rising JH levels after adult emergence, reaches its peak at 48 h after eclosion, then decreases gradually and disappears after blood feeding. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated depletion of AaKr‐h1 substantially reduced egg production after blood feeding. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning approach, we identified in vivo AaKr‐h1 binding sites in previtellogenic female mosquitoes. Binding of AaKr‐h1 to the target genes correlated with its protein abundance. Interestingly, RNAi experiments indicated that AaKr‐h1 played distinct roles when it bound to individual target genes. For example, depletion of AaKr‐h1 led to substantial upregulation of AAEL005545 and AAEL004444, but also significantly decreased the expression of AAEL005957 and AAEL013177 when compared with the control mosquitoes. In summary, AaKr‐h1 directly binds to the regulatory regions of its target genes and acts as a transcriptional activator or a repressor in a promoter‐specific manner.
MEMO+: Efficacy, Durability and Effect of Cognitive Training and Psychosocial Intervention in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Belleville Sylvie , Hudon Carol , Bier Nathalie , Brodeur Catherine , Gilbert Brigitte , Grenier Sébastien , Ouellet Marie‐Christine , Viscogliosi Chantal , Gauthier Serge 
Published: January 2018

Background/ObjectivesThere is no consensus on the efficacy of cognitive training in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) because of the paucity of well‐designed randomized controlled trials. The objective was to assess the effect of memory training on the cognitive functioning of persons with MCI and its durability and to evaluate whether this effect generalizes to daily life and whether positive effects could be obtained from psychosocial intervention.DesignSingle‐blind randomized controlled trial.SettingResearch centers of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec.ParticipantsOlder adults meeting criteria for amnestic MCI (N = 145).InterventionParticipants were randomized to cognitive training, a psychosocial intervention, or a no‐contact control condition. Interventions were provided in small groups in eight 2‐hour sessions.MeasurementOutcome measures were immediate and delayed composite performance memory scores, psychological health (depression, anxiety, well‐being), and generalization effects of the intervention (strategy use in everyday life, difficulties in complex activities of daily living, memory complaints). Testing was administered before training and immediately, 3 months, and 6 months after training.ResultsParticipants in the cognitive training condition improved on the delayed composite memory score and on strategy use in everyday life. Improvement was maintained at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up assessments. Participants in the psychosocial and no‐contact conditions did not show any significant improvement.ConclusionCognitive training improves the memory of persons with amnestic MCI. The effect persists over a 6‐month period, and learned strategies are used in everyday life. Cognitive training is a valid way to promote cognition in MCI.
Big Coffee in Brazil: Historical Origins and Implications for Anthropological Political Economy
Authors: Reichman Daniel R. 
Published: January 2018

ResumenLa mayoría del trabajo antropológico sobre el café se enfoca en los productores de pequeña escala en el mercado de “especialidad” pero el mercado mundial del café está cada vez más determinada por la agroindustria del café en Brasil, el mayor productor de café del mundo, y el segundo mayor consumidor. Este artículo examina los orígenes históricos y las realidades contemporáneas del “big coffee” en Brasil a través de un enfoque en programas de mejoramiento de café en la ciudad de Campinas. Actualmente, la producción de café brasileño está colapsando la diferencia entre los mercados “homogéneos “ e “ especiales” para el café y este cambio tiene implicaciones para la economía política antropológica, en particular las nociones de “ posfordismo “ extraídas del geógrafo David Harvey. La teorización antropológica del mercado mundial del café necesita tener en cuenta el aumento de la agroindustria del café en Brasil si se trata de comprender con precisión la dinámica económica políticos del presente y futuro. [agricultura, Brasil, café, economia]
Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide in the nucleus accumbens shell inhibits cocaine‐induced locomotor sensitization to transient over‐expression of α‐Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Xiong Lixia , Meng Qing , Sun Xi , Lu Xiangtong , Fu Qiang , Peng Qinghua , Yang Jianhua , Oh Ki‐Wan , Hu Zhenzhen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) peptide is a widely distributed neurotransmitter that attenuates cocaine‐induced locomotor activity when injected into the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Our previous work first confirmed that the inhibitory mechanism of the CART peptide on cocaine‐induced locomotor activity is related to a reduction in cocaine‐enhanced phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinaseIIα (pCaMKIIα) and the enhancement of cocaine‐induced D3R function. This study investigated whether CART peptide inhibited cocaine‐induced locomotor activity via inhibition of interactions between pCaMKIIα and the D3 dopamine receptor (D3R). We demonstrated that lentivirus‐mediated gene transfer transiently increased pCaMKIIα expression, which peaked at 10 days after microinjection into the rat NAc shell, and induced a significant increase in Ca2+ influx along with greater behavioral sensitivity in the open field test after intraperitoneal injections of cocaine (15 mg/kg). However, western blot analysis and coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that CART peptide treatment in lentivirus‐transfected CaMKIIα‐over‐expressing NAc rat tissues or cells prior to cocaine administration inhibited the cocaine‐induced Ca2+ influx and attenuated the cocaine‐increased pCaMKIIα expression in lentivirus‐transfected CaMKIIα‐over‐expressing cells. CART peptide decreased the cocaine‐enhanced phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) expression via inhibition of the pCaMKIIα‐D3R interaction, which may account for the prolonged locomotor sensitization induced by repeated cocaine treatment in lentivirus‐transfected CaMKIIα‐over‐expressing cells. These results provide strong evidence for the inhibitory modulation of CART peptide in cocaine‐induced locomotor sensitization.
image
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14187.
Validity and measurement invariance of the Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ) in nursing staff
Authors: Penelo Eva , Estévez‐Guerra Gabriel J. , Fariña‐López Emilio 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo study the internal structure and measurement invariance of the Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire and to compare perceptions, experience and training, regarding use of physical restraint on the older people between nursing staff working in hospitals and nursing homes.BackgroundPhysical restraint of patients is still common in many countries, and thus, it is important to study the attitudes of nursing staff. One of the most common tools used to assess perceptions regarding its use is the Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire. However, gaps exist in its internal structure and measurement invariance across different groups of respondents.DesignCross‐sectional multicentre survey.MethodsData were collected from nurses working in eight Spanish hospitals and 19 nursing homes. All registered nurses and nurse assistants (N = 3,838) were contacted, of whom 1,635 agreed to participate. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine internal structure and measurement invariance of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire, after which scale scores and other measures of experience and training were compared between hospital‐based (n = 855) and nursing homes‐based (n = 780) nurses.ResultsThe Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire showed three invariant factors across type of facility, and also professional category and sex. Nursing staff working in both types of facility scored similarly; prevention of therapy disruption and prevention of falls were rated more important. Nurses working in nursing homes reported using restraint “many times” more frequently (52.9% vs. 38.6%), less severe lack of training (18.2% vs. 58.7%) being perceived as more adequate (33.4% vs. 17.7%), than hospital‐based nurses.ConclusionsThese findings support Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the importance given to the use of physical restraint in the older people by nursing professionals, regardless of the setting being studied.Relevance to clinical practiceThe information would help design more specifically the physical restraint training of nursing staff and to plan institutional interventions aimed at reducing its use.
Nurse‐to‐nurse shift handoffs on medical–surgical units: A process within the flow of nursing care
Authors: Ernst Katherine M , McComb Sara A , Ley Cathaleen 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo qualitatively investigate the medical–surgical nurse shift handoff as a process within the workflow of the exchanging nurses. Specifically, this study sought to identify the ideal handoff, ways the handoff deviated from ideal, and subsequent effect on nursing care.BackgroundThe functions as well as information content of the handoff have been studied. However, typical studies look at the handoff as an isolated activity utilising nurse perceptions as the primary measure of quality.DesignSemi‐structured focus groups were conducted to discuss nurses’ perspectives on ideal handoffs, ways handoffs deviate from the ideal including frequent and significant deviations and the effects on subsequent care.MethodsTwenty‐one medical–surgical nurses participated in one of five audio‐taped focus group sessions. Three sessions were conducted at hospital A; two sessions at unaffiliated hospital B. The general inductive approach was used to analyse verbatim transcripts. Transcript segments relevant for answering the research questions were coded as ideal or not ideal. Conceptual themes were then developed.ResultTwo major themes were identified: teams/teamwork and constructing and communicating a shared understanding of the patients’ conditions. The importance of nurse preparatory activities was revealed including the incoming nurses reading patients’ health records and outgoing nurses rounding on patients. The impact of shared expectations was identified across the team, where teams include, in addition to the two nurses, the electronic health record, other hospital staff and patients/families with a bedside handoff. New potential nurse‐centred process and outcome measures were proposed.ConclusionsEvaluating handoffs by their effect on the nursing performance both during and after the handoff offers a new framework to objectively assess handoff effectiveness.Relevance to clinical practiceThe handoff is a process which may significantly affect the incoming nurse's transition into and administration of nursing care.
Patient agitation and its management in adult critical care: A integrative review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Freeman Samantha , Yorke Janelle , Dark Paul 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectiveTo critically review the evidence relating to the management of agitation within the Adult Critical Care Unit environment and identify any risks and benefits of current management strategies.BackgroundAdmission to an Adult Critical Care Unit can be traumatic and potentially life altering for the patient. Patient agitation is common in Adult Critical Care Units and is associated with the potential for harm. Despite inherent safety risks, there is a paucity of evidence‐based guidance underpinning the care of agitation in patients with critical illness.Study DesignIntegrative review and narrative synthesis.MethodsA systematic procedure for searching and selecting the literature was followed and applied to databases including CINAHL, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Ovid including EMBASE and MEDLINE. Selected manuscripts were analysed using a structured narrative review approach.ResultsA total of 208 papers were identified and following a systematic deselection process 24 original articles were included in the review. It was identified that agitation in the setting of Adult Critical Care Unit is associated with high‐risk events such as unplanned removal of life‐supporting devices. There were consistent links to sepsis, previous high alcohol intake and certain medications, which may increase the development of agitation. Prompt assessment and early liberation from mechanical ventilation was a major contributing factor in the reduction in agitation. Administration of antideliriogenic mediation may reduce the need for physical restraint. There was repeated uncertainty about the role of physical restraint in developing agitation and its effective management.ConclusionsOur review has shown that there is a dearth of research focusing on care of agitated patients in the Adult Critical Care Unit, despite this being a high‐risk group. There are dilemmas for clinical teams about the effectiveness of applying physical and/or pharmacological restraint. The review has highlighted that the risk of self‐extubation increases with the presence of agitation, reinforcing the need for constant clinical observation and vigilance.Relevance to clinical practiceThe importance of ensuring patients are re‐orientated regularly and signs of agitation assessed and acted upon promptly is reiterated. Early identification of specific patient profiles such as those with previous high alcohol or psychoactive drug habit may enable more proactive management in agitation management rather than reactive. The prompt liberation from the restriction of ventilation and encouragement of family or loved ones involvement in care need to be considered.