bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of work characteristics and health status between Korean and US hospital nurses
Authors: Han Kihye , Trinkoff Alison M. , Baek Hyang , Kim Yeonhee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimA rigorous examination of the occupational features across cultures helps draw policy recommendations for nurses' quality care practices and good health. This study aimed to explore the differences in work characteristics and health status between Korean and US hospital nurses.DesignFor this comparative secondary data analysis study, we constructed a dataset with 304 pairs of nurses from Korea and the United States, matched by age and gender.MethodsWe used the data from the 2020 Korean Hospital Nurses Health Behaviors and Health Status study, collected from May to July 2020, and the Nurse Worklife and Wellness Study (NWWS), conducted between November 2020 and February 2021.ResultsCompared to nurses in the United States, Korean nurses rated their job‐related conditions much lower, had lower intentions to stay in their current workplace and were less satisfied with their jobs. Korean nurses reported that organizational support and employee health resources were less prevalent and their levels of healthy behaviour practice and health status were lower than their US counterparts. Nurses in Korea require better practice environments and employee health support. Adequate workload and staffing levels are needed to improve job conditions for Korean nurses. Organizational support and employee health resources should always be accessible at nurses' workplaces.
Clozapine treatment of a Japanese patient during pregnancy: Effect on fetal heart rate
Authors: Aoki Shunya , Takada Katsutoshi , Sugama Tatsuru , Kimiwada Mitsugi , Hoshino Tatsuya , Kaneko Takaoki , Obata Shintaro , Ota Yasuhiro , Toishi Satoshi , Koike Kaori , Akada Hirokazu , Saiga Takahisa , Sato Shigeki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current literature on the effects of clozapine on pregnancy is limited, and no cases of pregnant Japanese women have been reported. Decreased variability in the fetal heart rate due to clozapine exposure has been reported in countries other than Japan, but its association with serum concentrations of clozapine has not been documented. In this case, a 29‐year‐old Japanese primipara with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia taking clozapine 250 mg/day experienced pregnancy. The pregnancy progressed without complications. At 40 weeks and 2 days of gestation, the patient developed premature rupture of membranes, and decreased variability in the fetal heart rate and variable deceleration were observed, leading to an emergency cesarean section. The neonate had no congenital malformations, metabolic disorders, seizures, floppy infant syndrome, leukopenia, or neutropenia. Serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine (N‐desmethylclozapine), measured in the mother and in the neonate immediately after birth, suggested that clozapine and norclozapine were transported to the fetus during pregnancy. Based on these observations, the present case suggests that high fetal serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine may affect fetal heart rate. This case report concludes that, with careful monitoring, Japanese women taking clozapine can deliver successfully and emphasizes the importance of monitoring serum clozapine concentrations and fetal cardiac function throughout pregnancy, with particular attention to the later stages.
Demographics of Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Who Undergo Nasal Surgery
Authors: Shah Swapnil , Darbinian Jeanne A. , Collazo Samuel A. , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Durr Megan L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the demographic characteristics between adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who did and did not undergo nasal surgery (NS).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingKaiser Permanente Northern California clinical database.MethodsRetrospective study of adult patients with ≥1 OSA diagnoses linked to clinical encounters from 2009 to 2016. Qualifying NS procedures performed on or after cohort entry through 2017 were ascertained. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared; multivariable logistic regression examined associations of these characteristics with undergoing NS.ResultsA total of 174,821 patients had an OSA diagnosis. Among these, 3518 (2.0%) underwent NS, including septoplasty (61.9%), sinus‐related (12.9%), turbinate (14.2%), and rhinoplasty (11.1%) procedures. Compared to the nonsurgery group, NS patients were more likely to be male (75.5% vs 62.1%), younger (48.2 ± 13.0 vs 54.7 ± 14.1), have lower body mass index (31.8 ± 6.4 vs 34.3 ± 8.1), and no comorbid conditions (63.1% vs 53.5%), P < .001. After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), neighborhood deprivation, and comorbidities, black and Asian/Pacific Islander adults with OSA had 42% and 46% decreased odds of undergoing NS compared with non‐Hispanic white patients (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.58 [0.50‐0.67] and 0.54 [0.49‐0.61]), while Hispanic patients had similar odds (OR [95% CI]: 1.02 [0.93‐1.12]). Patients living in neighborhoods of highest deprivation had 18% lower odds of undergoing NS, compared with patients from neighborhoods corresponding to areas of lowest deprivation (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.82 [0.75‐0.91]).ConclusionThese findings suggest that younger age, male sex, lower BMI, and higher SES may be associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing NS in OSA patients.
Peripheral nerve stimulation for lower‐limb postoperative recovery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lin Jingxinmiao , Song Dong , Tu Yiheng , Zhang Huijuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPatients undergoing lower‐limb orthopedic surgery may experience multiple postoperative complications. Although peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a promising non‐pharmacological approach that has been used in lower‐limb postoperative recovery, the clinical efficacy of PNS remains inconclusive. This study systematically searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the treatment effects of PNSs in patients who underwent lower‐limb orthopedic surgery up to September 29, 2023. Two investigators independently identified studies, extracted data, and conducted meta‐analyses with Review Manager 5.4. The outcomes were pain relief (measured by reductions in pain intensity and analgesic consumption) and functional improvements (range of motion [ROM] and length of hospitalization [LOH]). A total of 633 patients including 321 in the experimental groups and 312 in the control groups from eight RCTs were included. PNS showed no significant effect on pain intensity, while analgesic consumption was marginally significantly reduced in the experimental group. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed regarding functional improvements in ROM or LOH after the intervention. Although PNS had no significant effect on pain relief or functional improvements, the intervention exhibited a marginally significant reduction in analgesic consumption. Future trials should be conducted with larger sample sizes, longer follow‐up periods, and more varied stimulation parameters.
Rational design of a room‐temperature curing method, based on the epoxy–thiol click reaction, for UV‐curable hard coatings with ultrahigh strength and adhesion
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Tanaka Nanae , Aoki Daisuke , Arimitsu Koji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing demand for UV‐curable hard coatings because they offer several advantages, for example, lower energy consumption and the absence of volatile organic compound emissions. Anionic UV curing with photobase generators (PBGs), such as epoxy–thiol cross‐linking, enables curing under ambient conditions. However, designing a room‐temperature photoanionic curing system for epoxy–thiols remains challenging due to the complex effects of resin combinations on the cured products, thus making it difficult to prepare films with high hardness. Herein, we present a controlled reaction design for an anionic UV‐curing system by combining the chemical structures of epoxy resins and multifunctional thiols. The anionic UV‐curing system using PBGs that generate organic superbases demonstrated UV‐delayed curability, as evidenced by FT‐IR and photorheological analyses. To achieve high hardness, it was necessary to create the thiols with ultrarigid structures; epoxy resins with a bisphenol F structure were optimal for reacting with thiols for ultrarigid structures. This combination afforded an indentation hardness of 262 MPa with an epoxy conversion rate of 77% even at room temperature.
Improving UASS pesticide application: optimizing and validating drift and deposition simulations
Authors: Tang Qing , Zhang Ruirui , Chen Liping , Zhang Pan , Li Longlong , Xu Gang , Yi Tongchuan , Hewitt Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs unmanned aerial spraying systems (UASS) usage grows rapidly worldwide, a critical research study was conducted to optimize the simulation of UASS applications, aiming to enhance pesticide delivery efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The study examined several key aspects for accurate simulation of UASS application with lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Based on these discussions, the most suitable grid size and simulation parameters were selected to create a robust model for optimizing UASS performance in various pest management scenarios, potentially leading to more targeted and sustainable pest control practices.RESULTSThe effect of stability parameter, grid size around the rotor and near ground, and parameters at wake flow were carefully analyzed to improve the precision of pesticide drift predictions and deposition patterns. Optimal grid sizes were identified as 0.2 m generally, 0.025 m near rotors, and a 0.1 + 0.2 m scheme for ground proximity, with finer grids improving accuracy but increasing computation time. Wake resolution and threshold significantly influenced simulation results, while wake distance had minimal impact beyond a certain point. The LBM's accuracy was validated by comparing simulated downwash flow and droplet deposition with field test data.CONCLUSIONThis study optimized UASS simulation parameters, balancing computational efficiency with accuracy. The validated model enhances our ability to design more effective UASS for pest management, potentially leading to more precise and targeted pesticide applications. These advancements contribute to the development of sustainable pest control strategies, aiming to reduce pesticide usage and environmental impact while maintaining crop protection efficacy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Elucidating the Hydrolysis and Polymerization Reactions of Al3+‐Solvated Molecules by Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhao Qi , Xia Yuguo , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUtilizing the reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation, we conducted a comprehensive study on the impact of basicity (OH−/Al3+ ratio), concentration, and temperature on the hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of Al3+‐solvated molecules. Through simulations, we analyzed the structural changes, energy fluctuations of the system, and the evolution patterns of reaction products under different parameters, which were subsequently validated by experimental data. The research results indicate that hydroxide ions in the solution directly influence the breakage of OH bonds in the coordinating water molecules of solvated aluminum ions. This, in turn, affects the number of H2O and OH− ions coordinated with Al3+, leading to changes in hydrolysis products. Additionally, the number of OH− ions surrounding Al3+ affects the electrostatic repulsion, making it easier for polymerization reactions to occur as the system approaches the point of zero charge. On the other hand, an increase in concentration and temperature enhances the frequency of cluster collisions, thus contributing to an increase in polymerization degree. The experimental results align closely with our simulated predictions. As the pH value increases, the particle size exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching a maximum at the point of zero charge. Simultaneously, an increase in concentration also prompts an increase in particle size. The combination of these empirical results with simulations enhances the credibility and reliability of our model's predictive capabilities. This study not only expands our understanding of the relevant chemical reaction processes but also provides important theoretical support for practical applications in related fields.
Reference‐free thio‐succinimide isomerization characterization by electron‐activated dissociation
Authors: Yang Junyan , Yuan Jiaqi , Huang Yue , Rosenbaum Anton I. 
Published: September 2024

RationaleIsomerism can be an important aspect in pharmaceutical drug development. Identification of isomers can provide insights into drug pharmacology and contribute to better design of drug molecules. The general approaches to differentiate isomers include Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and circular dichroism. Additionally, a commonly used method to differentiate isomers is liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Notably, LC‐MS is routinely applied to leucine and isoleucine differentiation to facilitate protein sequencing. This work focuses on isomer differentiation of widely employed thio‐succinimide structure bridging the antibody backbone and linker‐payload of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs). Thio‐succinimide hydrolysis stabilizes the payload‐protein structure while generating a pair of constitutional isomers: thio‐aspartyl and thio‐isoaspartyl.MethodsThis paper introduces a hybrid method using ligand binding assay (LBA) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) to reveal isomerization details of thio‐succinimide hydrolysis over time in plasma samples incubated with ADC. Application of two orthogonal dissociation methods, collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and electron‐activated dissociation (EAD) revealed different MS/MS spectra for this pair of isomers. This observation enables a unique approach in distinguishing thio‐succinimide hydrolysis isomers.ResultsWe observed signature [R1 + Thio + 57 + H]+, [R2 + Succ + H2O − 57 + H]+, and [R2 + Succ + H2O − 44 + 2H]2+ product ions (Succ = succinimide) that differentiated thio‐aspartyl and thio‐isoaspartyl isomers using EAD. A newly discovered [R2 + ThioSucc + H2O − 44 + 2H]2+ ion also served as additional evidence that further supported our findings.ConclusionsThis study is a first‐to‐date identification of thio‐succinimide hydrolysis isomers without using synthesized reference materials. This approach should be applicable to all thio‐succinimide‐linked molecules. Correct identification of thio‐succinimide hydrolysis isomers may eventually benefit the development of ADCs in the future.
Discrete adaptive sliding mode controller design for overhead cranes considering measurement noise and external disturbances
Authors: Ouyang Huimin , Shi Rong , Miao Xiaodong , Yi Hui , Xi Huan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch on the motion control of overhead cranes, constrained by underactuated characteristics, helps improve the efficiency of payload transportation. Most studies require all system state variables (trolley displacement, payload swing angle, and their velocities). In practice, sensors measure and transmit these variables, but noise affects their accuracy, reducing control performance. Additionally, uncertainties in crane parameters, unmodeled friction, and unknown disturbances threaten the system's stability. Traditional methods struggle to address these issues effectively. To address these challenges, this article proposes an adaptive discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) method with a Kalman filter. By extending the state system and considering disturbances as new variables, the Kalman filter effectively eliminates signal noise, accurately estimates disturbances, and estimates system states simultaneously. The proposed method incorporates disturbance compensators into the adaptive DSMC, utilizing exponential terms to suppress oscillations caused by excessively high or low control gains, thus increasing control speed. Experimental comparisons demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the proposed control method under various disturbance conditions.
Measuring shrinkage of expansive soils using a novel automated high‐frequency setup
Authors: Lexmond B. R. , van Dam B. , Hockin C. V. , Erkens G. , Griffioen J. , Stouthamer E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoil shrinkage characteristic curves are used to describe the shrinkage behavior and hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils. To construct soil shrinkage characteristic curves, a high‐data‐density measurement method is needed that relates water content to soil volume changes. We present a fully automated soil shrinkage measurement setup, based on the simplified evaporation method, to characterize the shrinkage behavior of undisturbed natural expansive clay soils. The high data density creates the opportunity to produce soil shrinkage characteristic curves without the need for a mathematical model. The technique allows for resaturation of the samples after drying, enabling differentiation between reversible and irreversible shrinkage. The setup consists of the commercialized HYPROP2 apparatus combined with optical distance sensors to measure the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the samples, yielding data on the sample volume, weight, and soil water suction. The measurement frequency is once per 10 min, and the measurement period is up to 4 weeks, providing a detailed time series of the drying and shrinkage characteristics. The setup can capture the different shrinkage phases and offers the opportunity to relate the soil shrinkage characteristic curve to soil water suction. The measurement data acquisition rate and accuracy enable detailed interpretation of soil water retention curves for nonrigid soils and are shown to be essential for understanding and quantifying the shrinkage potential of several types of deposits.
Asymptotic Confidence Interval, Sample Size Formulas and Comparison Test for the Agreement Intra‐Class Correlation Coefficient in Inter‐Rater Reliability Studies
Authors: Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Cardot Hervé , Devilliers Hervé 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe agreement intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICCa) is a suitable statistical index for inter‐rater reliability studies. With balanced Gaussian data, we prove the explicit form of ICCa asymptotic normality (ASN), valid both with analysis of variance (ANOVA), maximum likelihood (ML), or restricted ML (REML) estimates. An asymptotic confidence interval is then derived and its performances are examined by simulation compared to the most commonly used methods, under small, moderate and large sample size designs. Then, we deduce sample size calculation formulas, for the number of subjects and observers needed, to achieve a desired confidence interval width or an acceptable ICCa value test power and give concrete examples of their use. Finally, we propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) to compare two ICCa's from two distinct subpopulations of patients (or raters) and study by simulation its first order risk and power properties. These methods are illustrated using data from two inter‐rater reliability studies, one in physiotherapy with 42 patients and 10 raters and the second in neonatology with 80 subjects and 14 raters. In conclusion, we made recommendations to employ the proposed confidence interval for medium to large samples combined with the quantification of the minimal required sample size at the planning step, or the posterior‐power at the analysis step, using simple dedicated formulas. Furthermore, with sufficient sizes, the proposed LRT seems suitable to compare inter‐rater reliability between two patient subpopulations. Used wisely, this proposed methods toolbox can remedy common current issues in inter‐rater reliability studies.
A Case of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis with Recent Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Agarwal Vani , Gamble Georgie , Amphlett Alexander , Patel Neil P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A 33-year-old female presented with coryzal symptoms, facial swelling, severe haemorrhagic stomatitis, blistering oral mucositis, conjunctival injection and a sparse targetoid rash on the back and face, requiring admission to hospital. She had received the seasonal influenza vaccination 3 days prior to feeling unwell. Differential diagnosis included erythema multiforme major (EMM) secondary to the influenza vaccine or Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). Oropharyngeal swabs were negative on PCR for cutaneous viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). A skin biopsy from a targetoid lesion on the body showed full thickness epidermal necrosis with epidermal–dermal clefting, numerous civatte bodies and a moderate perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the papillary dermis. She was successfully treated with oral prednisolone and azithromycin. Following discharge from hospital, the paired serological testing for MP returned positive, confirming a diagnosis of MIRM. Our case highlights the difficulties in detecting MP as two diagnostic methods yielded different results, and so we advocate performing both MP PCR and serology to maximise the yield and speed of diagnosis. Secondly, our case highlights the clinical challenge in differentiating MIRM from EMM or Stevens–Johnson syndrome, particularly if there is a potential drug trigger (in our case the influenza vaccine), as all these conditions can feature a severe mucositis with often indistinguishable histological findings. Correct diagnosis of MIRM is important for appropriate and timely administration of anti-MP antibiotic therapy to facilitate recovery and minimise complications.
Atomic Basal Defect‐Rich MoS2 by One‐Step Synthesis and Mechanism Exploration
Authors: He Haowen , Tan FengXue , Zhai YingJiao , Liu FuJun , Wang DengKui , Fang Xuan , Li Jinhua , Laurent Sophie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) shows great promise as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate due to its strong exciton resonance. However, the inert basal plane limits the performance of SERS. In this work, a strategy is proposed for the one‐step synthesis of atomically basal defect‐rich MoS2. The study first reveals that NaCl plays a two‐stage role in the growth process, where NaCl initially promotes the rapid growth of large MoS2 as previously reported, and then promotes the formation of atomic basal defects dominated by single sulfur vacancies. Additionally, spectral changes induced by modulation of experimental parameters and density function theory calculation show that defect generation occurs during cooling. Meanwhile, the ratio of to A1g in defect‐rich MoS2 exhibits different variation trends compared with pristine MoS2 in power‐dependent Raman, and the ratio increases with increasing basal defects. In SERS tests, the limit of detection for rhodamine 6G reached 10−9 m, which is comparable to the performance of conventional noble metal SERS substrate. The activation strategy of the inert basal plane is applicable to other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, and further has the potential to enhance performance in other domains, such as SERS and hydrogen evolution reactions.