bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Prospected Reward on Semantic	Processing
Authors: van der Ven Sanne H. G. , van Touw Sven A. C. , van Hoogmoed Anne H. , Janssen Eva M. , Leseman Paul P. M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Promised rewards are often used in education to stimulate learning behaviour. The present study tested whether a reward prospect affects semantic processing and recall of learned materials. Thirty-nine females participated in an electroencephalogram (EEG) task measuring semantic processing using the N400 effect. After that, they completed a cued recall test of the task materials. Before the EEG task, half of the participants (n = 20) were told that financial compensation would increase with each correct answer (reward prospect condition). The other half (n = 19) were told that financial compensation was fixed (control condition). Participants in the reward prospect condition showed an N400 effect that was more spread over the (left) frontal areas, and showed better recall than participants in the control condition. An achievement-related reward prospect alters semantic processing and improves retention of learned material. Whether improved retention benefits learning in longer term needs further study.
Microenvironment-derived factors driving metastatic plasticity in melanoma
Authors: Kim Isabella S. , Heilmann Silja , Kansler Emily R. , Zhang Yan , Zimmer Milena , Ratnakumar Kajan , Bowman Robert L. , Simon-Vermot Theresa , Fennell Myles , Garippa Ralph , Lu Liang , Lee William , Hollmann Travis , Xavier Joao B. , White Richard M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCellular plasticity is a state in which cancer cells exist along a reversible phenotypic spectrum, and underlies key traits such as drug resistance and metastasis. Melanoma plasticity is linked to phenotype switching, where the microenvironment induces switches between invasive/MITFLO versus proliferative/MITFHI states. Since MITF also induces pigmentation, we hypothesize that macrometastatic success should be favoured by microenvironments that induce a MITFHI/differentiated/proliferative state. Zebrafish imaging demonstrates that after extravasation, melanoma cells become pigmented and enact a gene expression program of melanocyte differentiation. We screened for microenvironmental factors leading to phenotype switching, and find that EDN3 induces a state that is both proliferative and differentiated. CRISPR-mediated inactivation of EDN3, or its synthetic enzyme ECE2, from the microenvironment abrogates phenotype switching and increases animal survival. These results demonstrate that after metastatic dissemination, the microenvironment provides signals to promote phenotype switching and provide proof that targeting tumour cell plasticity is a viable therapeutic opportunity.
Expression of β-globin by cancer cells promotes cell survival during blood-borne dissemination
Authors: Zheng Yu , Miyamoto David T. , Wittner Ben S. , Sullivan James P. , Aceto Nicola , Jordan Nicole Vincent , Yu Min , Karabacak Nezihi Murat , Comaills Valentine , Morris Robert , Desai Rushil , Desai Niyati , Emmons Erin , Milner John D. , Lee Richard J. , Wu Chin-Lee , Sequist Lecia V. , Haas Wilhelm , Ting David T. , Toner Mehmet , Ramaswamy Sridhar , Maheswaran Shyamala , Haber Daniel A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMetastasis-competent circulating tumour cells (CTCs) experience oxidative stress in the bloodstream, but their survival mechanisms are not well defined. Here, comparing single-cell RNA-Seq profiles of CTCs from breast, prostate and lung cancers, we observe consistent induction of β-globin (HBB), but not its partner α-globin (HBA). The tumour-specific origin of HBB is confirmed by sequence polymorphisms within human xenograft-derived CTCs in mouse models. Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured breast CTCs triggers HBB induction, mediated through the transcriptional regulator KLF4. Depletion of HBB in CTC-derived cultures has minimal effects on primary tumour growth, but it greatly increases apoptosis following ROS exposure, and dramatically reduces CTC-derived lung metastases. These effects are reversed by the anti-oxidant N-Acetyl Cysteine. Conversely, overexpression of HBB is sufficient to suppress intracellular ROS within CTCs. Altogether, these observations suggest that β-globin is selectively deregulated in cancer cells, mediating a cytoprotective effect during blood-borne metastasis.
Slow-light-enhanced energy efficiency for graphene microheaters on silicon photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Yan Siqi , Zhu Xiaolong , Frandsen Lars Hagedorn , Xiao Sanshui , Mortensen N. Asger , Dong Jianji , Ding Yunhong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSlow light has been widely utilized to obtain enhanced nonlinearities, enhanced spontaneous emissions and increased phase shifts owing to its ability to promote light–matter interactions. By incorporating a graphene on a slow-light silicon photonic crystal waveguide, here we experimentally demonstrate an energy-efficient graphene microheater with a tuning efficiency of 1.07 nmmW−1 and power consumption per free spectral range of 3.99 mW. The rise and decay times (10–90%) are only 750 and 525 ns, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the fastest reported response times for microheaters in silicon photonics. The corresponding figure of merit of the device is 2.543 nW s, one order of magnitude better than results reported in previous studies. The influence of the length and shape of the graphene heater to the tuning efficiency is further investigated, providing valuable guidelines for enhancing the tuning efficiency of the graphene microheater.
Using graphene networks to build bioinspired self-monitoring ceramics
Authors: Picot Olivier T. , Rocha Victoria G. , Ferraro Claudio , Ni Na , D’Elia Eleonora , Meille Sylvain , Chevalier Jerome , Saunders Theo , Peijs Ton , Reece Mike J. , Saiz Eduardo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe properties of graphene open new opportunities for the fabrication of composites exhibiting unique structural and functional capabilities. However, to achieve this goal we should build materials with carefully designed architectures. Here, we describe the fabrication of ceramic-graphene composites by combining graphene foams with pre-ceramic polymers and spark plasma sintering. The result is a material containing an interconnected, microscopic network of very thin (20–30 nm), electrically conductive, carbon interfaces. This network generates electrical conductivities up to two orders of magnitude higher than those of other ceramics with similar graphene or carbon nanotube contents and can be used to monitor ‘in situ’ structural integrity. In addition, it directs crack propagation, promoting stable crack growth and increasing the fracture resistance by an order of magnitude. These results demonstrate that the rational integration of nanomaterials could be a fruitful path towards building composites combining unique mechanical and functional performances.
Tunable thermal expansion in framework materials through redox intercalation
Authors: Chen Jun , Gao Qilong , Sanson Andrea , Jiang Xingxing , Huang Qingzhen , Carnera Alberto , Rodriguez Clara Guglieri , Olivi Luca , Wang Lei , Hu Lei , Lin Kun , Ren Yang , Lin Zheshuai , Wang Cong , Gu Lin , Deng Jinxia , Attfield J. Paul , Xing Xianran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThermal expansion properties of solids are of fundamental interest and control of thermal expansion is important for practical applications but can be difficult to achieve. Many framework-type materials show negative thermal expansion when internal cages are empty but positive thermal expansion when additional atoms or molecules fill internal voids present. Here we show that redox intercalation offers an effective method to control thermal expansion from positive to zero to negative by insertion of Li ions into the simple negative thermal expansion framework material ScF3, doped with 10% Fe to enable reduction. The small concentration of intercalated Li ions has a strong influence through steric hindrance of transverse fluoride ion vibrations, which directly controls the thermal expansion. Redox intercalation of guest ions is thus likely to be a general and effective method for controlling thermal expansion in the many known framework materials with phonon-driven negative thermal expansion.
On the post-glacial spread of human commensal Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lee Cheng-Ruei , Svardal Hannes , Farlow Ashley , Exposito-Alonso Moises , Ding Wei , Novikova Polina , Alonso-Blanco Carlos , Weigel Detlef , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent work has shown that Arabidopsis thaliana contains genetic groups originating from different ice age refugia, with one particular group comprising over 95% of the current worldwide population. In Europe, relicts of other groups can be found in local populations along the Mediterranean Sea. Here we provide evidence that these ‘relicts’ occupied post-glacial Eurasia first and were later replaced by the invading ‘non-relicts’, which expanded through the east–west axis of Eurasia, leaving traces of admixture in the north and south of the species range. The non-relict expansion was likely associated with human activity and led to a demographic replacement similar to what occurred in humans. Introgressed genomic regions from relicts are associated with flowering time and enriched for genes associated with environmental conditions, such as root cap development or metal ion trans-membrane transport, which suggest that admixture with locally adapted relicts helped the non-relicts colonize new habitats.
In situ click chemistry generation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
Authors: Bhardwaj Atul , Kaur Jatinder , Wuest Melinda , Wuest Frank 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCyclooxygenase-2 isozyme is a promising anti-inflammatory drug target, and overexpression of this enzyme is also associated with several cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The amino-acid sequence and structural similarity between inducible cyclooxygenase-2 and housekeeping cyclooxygenase-1 isoforms present a significant challenge to design selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Herein, we describe the use of the cyclooxygenase-2 active site as a reaction vessel for the in situ generation of its own highly specific inhibitors. Multi-component competitive-binding studies confirmed that the cyclooxygenase-2 isozyme can judiciously select most appropriate chemical building blocks from a pool of chemicals to build its own highly potent inhibitor. Herein, with the use of kinetic target-guided synthesis, also termed as in situ click chemistry, we describe the discovery of two highly potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 isozyme inhibitors. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of these two novel small molecules is significantly higher than that of widely used selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
Repeated evolution of soldier sub-castes suggests parasitism drives social complexity in stingless bees
Authors: Grüter Christoph , Segers Francisca H. I. D. , Menezes Cristiano , Vollet-Neto Ayrton , Falcón Tiago , von Zuben Lucas , Bitondi Márcia M. G. , Nascimento Fabio S. , Almeida Eduardo A. B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe differentiation of workers into morphological castes represents an important evolutionary innovation that is thought to improve division of labor in insect societies. Given the potential benefits of task-related worker differentiation, it is puzzling that physical worker castes, such as soldiers, are extremely rare in social bees and absent in wasps. Following the recent discovery of soldiers in a stingless bee, we studied the occurrence of worker differentiation in 28 stingless bee species from Brazil and found that several species have specialized soldiers for colony defence. Our results reveal that worker differentiation evolved repeatedly during the last ~ 25 million years and coincided with the emergence of parasitic robber bees, a major threat to many stingless bee species. Furthermore, our data suggest that these robbers are a driving force behind the evolution of worker differentiation as targets of robber bees are four times more likely to have nest guards of increased size than non-targets. These findings reveal unexpected diversity in the social organization of stingless bees.
Asymptotic Gaussian law for noninteracting indistinguishable particles in random networks
Authors: Shchesnovich Valery S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor N indistinguishable bosons or fermions impinged on a M-port Haar-random unitary network the average probability to count n1, … n
r
particles in a small number r ≪ N of binned-together output ports takes a Gaussian form as N ≫ 1. The discovered Gaussian asymptotic law is the well-known asymptotic law for distinguishable particles, governed by a multinomial distribution, modified by the quantum statistics with stronger effect for greater particle density N/M. Furthermore, it is shown that the same Gaussian law is the asymptotic form of the probability to count particles at the output bins of a fixed multiport with the averaging performed over all possible configurations of the particles in the input ports. In the limit N → ∞, the average counting probability for indistinguishable bosons, fermions, and distinguishable particles differs only at a non-vanishing particle density N/M and only for a singular binning K/M → 1, where K output ports belong to a single bin.
Associations between polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene and hypertension risk: a systematic and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Weina , Qu Xiaowei , Li Jing , Wang Xingning , Bai Yanping , Cao Qingmei , Ma Liqun , Zhou Xiaoyao , Zhu Wei , Liu Wei , Ma Qiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractADIPOQ gene polymorphisms have been indicated to be associated with hypertension; however, published studies have reported inconsistent results. Eligible studies were retrieved by searching the PubMed, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The case group consisted of patients with hypertension, and the control group consisted of subjects with normal blood pressure. Based on eleven published articles, involving 4837 cases and 5618 controls, the pooled results from rs2241766 polymorphism showed increased risk in the allelic model (G VS T: OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.06–1.27), recessive model (GG VS GT + TT: OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.10–1.63), dominant model (GG + GT VS TT: OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.02–1.30) and homozygote model (GG VS TT: OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.21–1.69). In addition, rs266729 polymorphism showed increased risk for hypertension in the recessive model (GG VS GC + CC: OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.02–2.01). In the Caucasian subgroup, rs1501299 polymorphism showed decreased risk of hypertension in the allelic model (T VS G: OR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.58–0.97), dominant model (TT + TG VS GG: OR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.71–0.98) and heterozygote model (TG VS GG: OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.68–0.99). The rs2241766 polymorphism was associated with a significant increase in hypertension risk based on our analysis. Moreover, an increased risk of rs266729 in hypertension patients was also detected. Our meta-analysis suggests that the rs1501299 polymorphism may play a protective role in hypertension in Caucasian subgroup; however, this finding requires further study.
Novel concept for neutron detection: proportional counter filled with 10B nanoparticle aerosol
Authors: Amaro F. D. , Monteiro C. M. B. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Antognini A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe high neutron detection efficiency, good gamma-ray discrimination and non-toxicity of 3He made of proportional counters filled with this gas the obvious choice for neutron detection, particularly in radiation portal monitors (RPM), used to control the illicit transport of nuclear material, of which neutron detectors are key components. 3He is very rare and during the last decade this gas has become increasingly difficult to acquire. With the exception of BF3, which is toxic, no other gas can be used for neutron detection in proportional counters. We present an alternative where the 3He atoms are replaced by nanoparticles made of another neutron sensitive material, 10B. The particles are dispersed in a gaseous volume, forming an aerosol with neutron sensitive properties. A proportional counter filled with such aerosol was exposed to a thermal neutron beam and the recorded response indicates that the neutrons have interacted with the particles in the aerosol. This original technique, which transforms a standard proportional gas mixture into a neutron sensitive aerosol, is a breakthrough in the field of radiation detection and has the potential to become an alternative to the use of 3He in proportional counters.
Mitochondria play an important role in the cell proliferation suppressing activity of berberine
Authors: Yan Xiao-Jin , Yu Xuan , Wang Xin-Pei , Jiang Jing-Fei , Yuan Zhi-Yi , Lu Xi , Lei Fan , Xing Dong-Ming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAfter being studied for approximately a century, berberine (BBR) has been found to act on various targets and pathways. A great challenge in the pharmacological analysis of BBR at present is to identify which target(s) plays a decisive role. In the study described herein, a rescue experiment was designed to show the important role of mitochondria in BBR activity. A toxic dose of BBR was applied to inhibit cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity, then α-ketobutyrate (AKB), an analogue of pyruvate that serves only as an electron receptor of NADH, was proven to partially restore cell proliferation. However, mitochondrial morphology damage and TCA cycle suppression were not recovered by AKB. As the AKB just help to regenerate NAD+, which is make up for part function of mitochondrial, the recovered cell proliferation stands for the contribution of mitochondria to the activity of BBR. Our results also indicate that BBR suppresses tumour growth and reduces energy charge and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in a HepG2 xenograft model. In summary, our study suggests that mitochondria play an important role in BBR activity regarding tumour cell proliferation and metabolism.
New 2D diffraction model and its applications to terahertz parallel-plate waveguide power splitters
Authors: Zhang Fan , Song Kaijun , Fan Yong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA two-dimensional (2D) diffraction model for the calculation of the diffraction field in 2D space and its applications to terahertz parallel-plate waveguide power splitters are proposed in this paper. Compared with the Huygens-Fresnel principle in three-dimensional (3D) space, the proposed model provides an approximate analytical expression to calculate the diffraction field in 2D space. The diffraction filed is regarded as the superposition integral in 2D space. The calculated results obtained from the proposed diffraction model agree well with the ones by software HFSS based on the element method (FEM). Based on the proposed 2D diffraction model, two parallel-plate waveguide power splitters are presented. The splitters consist of a transmitting horn antenna, reflectors, and a receiving antenna array. The reflector is cylindrical parabolic with superimposed surface relief to efficiently couple the transmitted wave into the receiving antenna array. The reflector is applied as computer-generated holograms to match the transformed field to the receiving antenna aperture field. The power splitters were optimized by a modified real-coded genetic algorithm. The computed results of the splitters agreed well with the ones obtained by software HFSS verify the novel design method for power splitter, which shows good applied prospects of the proposed 2D diffraction model.
Self-Polarizing Microswimmers in Active Density Waves
Authors: Geiseler Alexander , Hänggi Peter , Marchesoni Fabio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn artificial microswimmer drifts in response to spatio-temporal modulations of an activating suspension medium. We consider two competing mechanisms capable of influencing its tactic response: angular fluctuations, which help it explore its surroundings and thus diffuse faster toward more active regions, and self-polarization, a mechanism inherent to self-propulsion, which tends to orient the swimmer’s velocity parallel or antiparallel to the local activation gradients. We investigate, both numerically and analytically, the combined action of such two mechanisms. By determining their relative magnitude, we characterize the selective transport of artificial microswimmers in inhomogeneous activating media.
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor B modulates the proliferation of the cardiac cells expressing the Stem Cell Antigen-1
Authors: Rignault-Clerc Stéphanie , Bielmann Christelle , Liaudet Lucas , Waeber Bernard , Feihl François , Rosenblatt-Velin Nathalie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBrain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) injections in adult “healthy” or infarcted mice led to increased number of non-myocyte cells (NMCs) expressing the nuclear transcription factor Nkx2.5. The aim of this study was to identify the nature of the cells able to respond to BNP as well as the signaling pathway involved. BNP treatment of neonatal mouse NMCs stimulated Sca-1+ cell proliferation. The Sca-1+ cells were characterized as being a mixed cell population involving fibroblasts and multipotent precursor cells. Thus, BNP treatment led also to increased number of Sca-1+ cells expressing Nkx2.5, in Sca-1+ cell cultures in vitro and in vivo, in the hearts of neonatal and adult infarcted mice. Whereas BNP induced Sca-1+ cell proliferation via NPR-B receptor and protein kinase G activation, CNP stimulated Sca-1+ cell proliferation via NPR-B and a PKG-independent mechanism. We highlighted here a new role for the natriuretic peptide receptor B which was identified as a target able to modulate the proliferation of the Sca-1+ cells. The involvement of NPR-B signaling in heart regeneration has, however, to be further investigated.
Nanoscale diffusion in the synaptic cleft and beyond measured with time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging
Authors: Zheng Kaiyu , Jensen Thomas P. , Savtchenko Leonid P. , Levitt James A. , Suhling Klaus , Rusakov Dmitri A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNeural activity relies on molecular diffusion within nanoscopic spaces outside and inside nerve cells, such as synaptic clefts or dendritic spines. Measuring diffusion on this small scale in situ has not hitherto been possible, yet this knowledge is critical for understanding the dynamics of molecular events and electric currents that shape physiological signals throughout the brain. Here we advance time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging combined with two-photon excitation microscopy to map nanoscale diffusivity in ex vivo brain slices. We find that in the brain interstitial gaps small molecules move on average ~30% slower than in a free medium whereas inside neuronal dendrites this retardation is ~70%. In the synaptic cleft free nanodiffusion is decelerated by ~46%. These quantities provide previously unattainable basic constrains for the receptor actions of released neurotransmitters, the electrical conductance of the brain interstitial space and the limiting rate of molecular interactions or conformational changes in the synaptic microenvironment.