bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of plastic packaging type on the quality of natural flavor products from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) by-product
Authors: Hafizhah F R , Pujiastuti D Y , Saputra E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Flavor shrimp paste product is a type of shrimp by-product flavoring as a way to increase the economic value of shrimp by-products. The food industry requires development in determining the type of product packaging. This study aims to determine the effect of different types of plastic packaging on product quality flavor shrimp paste. The treatment used is the type of product plastic packaging flavor High-Density Polyethylene (P1), Polyethylene Terephthalate (P2), and Polypropylene (P3) shrimp paste which were stored for 6 days. The main parameters in this study consisted of the total plate count (TPC) test and the hedonic test (appearance, taste, aroma, and texture), while the supporting parameters in this study were the proximate test (protein content, fat content, and water content). Based on the research showed that flavor shrimp paste product with different types of packaging gave a significant difference (p<0.05) to the TPC test, hedonic test, and proximate test flavor shrimp products. Treatment of HDPE plastic packaging is the best type of plastic packaging for quality flavor shrimp paste product.
Lead (Pb) and phenol content in Tukad Badung estuary and histopathological observation of mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) gills as an early warning of endocrine disrupting chemicals toxicity
Authors: Sari A H W , Perwira I Y 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tukad Badung is the largest river that crosses Denpasar City which is in a densely populated area with a variety of human activities including household to industrial activities. This allows the presence of various anthropogenic wastes in these waters, Lead (Pb) and phenol which have high toxicity and are also included in Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Information regarding the content Pb and phenol in the water of Tukad Badung estuary is urgently needed as an effort to protect aquatic ecosystems and avoid adverse impacts on human health. The results of measuring the content of Pb and phenol in water samples at three location points showed results Pb was detected higher at point III 0,0101mg/L that showed results above the threshold set by KepMen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Meanwhile the results of measurements of phenol content on water in Tukad Badung estuary was found that content at point II was detected 1,845 mg/L and point III was detected 1,913 mg/L which all of these values were still below the threshold set by KepMen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Based on histopathological observations of the gills of mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) caught in Tukad Badung estuary, including edema, haemorrhage, telangeactasis, lamella fusion, hyperplasia, lamella adhesion, epithelial lifting and necrosis
Evaluation of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) rearing technique at Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) Jepara
Authors: Firdausy A M A , Mutoharoh R , Anggraini N , Yudhistira A , Samara S H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Indian white shrimp is one of the important fishery commodities with high economic value after banana prawns (Penaeus merguiensis) in the northern coastal waters of Central Java Province. This shrimp needs to be more developed since its aquaculture technique was not quite as well-known as in other shrimps such as P. vannamei or P. monodon. This study aimed to unveil the techniques for rearing white shrimp and its influencing factors. The method in this research used active participation and descriptive methods. The data collection method used was from primary and secondary data. Both primary data were FCR (Feed Conversion Rate), ABW (Average Body Weight), ADG (Average Daily Growth), and water quality parameters while the secondary data were literature review and staff information. The results showed that the FCR values in the three pools were high (1: 5.5, 2: 24.57, 3: 10.36). For growth parameters, the ABW values for the three ponds were 29.57, 20.00, and 23.91 while the final ADG values were 0.53, 0.14, and 0.52 respectively. It can be concluded that the enlargement activity of Indian white shrimp needs to be improved due to high FCR value and fluctuating water quality. Higher FCR value would reduce the feed efficiency so that a lot of feed was given to the shrimps but their growth is less than optimal. The Enlargement activities at Jepara should use feed with a minimum protein content of 33% by the protein requirements of Indian white shrimp so that it can support gonad maturity. Additionally, it is necessary to rearrange the pond size to conform to the standard size (2000-5000 m2), as well as manage water quality through daily siphoning so that the water quality remains optimal.
Study of the diesel fuel drop vaporization and combustion at a hydrogen-diesel fuel dual fuelled diesel engine
Authors: Cernat A , Pana C , Negurescu N , Nutu C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present paper shows the analysis of the results of the theoretical model developed by authors for diesel fuel drops vaporization study, air-diesel fuel-hydrogen mixture forming estimation and diesel fuel drops combustion in the presence of air-hydrogen mixtures set in the cylinder before the start of conventional fuel injection. The model is applied to a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with diesel fuel and hydrogen, in dual mode by diesel gas method, at the engine speed of 900 rev/min. For a diesel fuel drop the vaporization speed, mixture formation speed, combustion speed, flame radius are presented and analysed. At hydrogen use, the cyclic amount of diesel fuel is reduced and the vaporization duration of the diesel fuel drop is reduced comparative to classic fuelling. At dual fuelling, the combustion of the burning of air-hydrogen mixtures in the vicinity of diesel droplets leads to reduced vaporization time, with 43%, an increased vaporization rate, with 26.9% and an accelerated formation of the mixture between diesel fuel and air-hydrogen mixture. Further, the combustion speed increase with 6.9%, the combustion time is decreased with 6% and the flame radius increase with 6.7%.
A calculation algorithm for the heater of a Stirling engine
Authors: Mitran T. , Craciun D. , Rus A. , Dragomir G. , Chira D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a calculation algorithm for the heater of a Stirling engine. In the current context of the energy crisis, Stirling engines can be used to produce mechanical work from renewable energy sources. The heat exchangers are one of the key elements regarding the efficiency of a Stirling engine. So, a calculation algorithm for the heater of a Stirling engine can be used for the dimensioning of this component, according to the requirements for the functioning of the system. To validate this algorithm, a dedicated program for the calculation of the heat exchangers based on the finite element analyse was used.
Conversion of a small size passenger car to hydrogen fueling: simulation of full load performance
Authors: Irimescu A , Vaglieco B M , Merola S S , Zollo V , De Marinis R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen offers a valid choice when considering zero emissions transport. This alternative fuel is well suited for spark ignition (SI) engines and it can be implemented with relatively minor changes in terms of added components. Initial evaluations of feasibility with respect to available space for the fuel tank revealed that it is possible to convert a small size passenger car to hydrogen fueling and maintain a range comparable to the fully electric alternative. Peak power assessment showed that additional boosting was required compared to gasoline operation, close to the limit of compressor surge. As a result, the present study extended the engine speed range so as to evaluate full load performance levels that can be obtained when using hydrogen. 0D/1D simulation was applied for simulating power unit output as well as related control parameters. A dedicated laminar flame speed sub-model was implemented for including fuel chemistry effects. Predicted combustion phasing showed the required changes in ignition timing when switching fuels and revealed that the engine could be operated close to stoichiometry when using hydrogen. A reduction of torque was calculated at low engine speed, even if peak power ratings were practically the same as with gasoline fueling.
CFD simulation of the interaction between water droplets on the GDL of a low temperature PEM FC in conditions of air cross-flow
Authors: Antetomaso C , Merola S S , Irimescu A , Vaglieco B M , Micco S Di , Jannelli E , Scarpati G , Simeoni E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Droplet dynamics in low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEMFCs) are significantly important with respect to water management and removal. Three main phenomena are linked to water generation/transport in a LT-PEMFC: H2O production on the cathode side, electro-osmotic drag (anode to cathode) and back diffusion (cathode to anode). The excess/lack of water, depending on membrane humidity, strongly affects LT-PEMFC performance, involving its instability. In this work CFD simulation of droplets was performed when they were deposited in tandem on the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and subjected to 15 m/s parallel air flow. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was adopted and droplets with diameters that range from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm were considered. Simulations demonstrate that deformations, oscillations and sliding of droplets were affected by their relative size and position. Results can contribute to define predictive models of water droplet dynamics on the GDL surface and their detachment towards the FC gas channel.
Simulation of the Parameters of a Lithium-ion Battery that Equips an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ancuța A A , Voloacă Ș , Frățilă G , Danciu G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The evolution in the field of electric vehicles is strongly influenced by the performances of the electricity storage sources. Thus the paper proposes to present some theoretical aspects related to the operation of lithium-ion batteries and factors that may influence their state of charge and of course the vehicle autonomy, as well as a simulation model to determine the variation of the main parameters of the battery when it is connected to a velocity variation profile according to WLTC and UDDS cycles. For this we want to show the influence of the discharge current on the battery over time. So, to realize the study the velocity variation over time for the two mentioned cycles will be converted into the current variation and the battery will be connected to this signal.
Experimental for depicting the influence upon gaseous emissions of an Otto engine by using hydrogen as fuel addition
Authors: Suciu C M , Igreț S V , Ionel I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to the higher pollution restrictions implemented globally upon the internal combustion engines, for new but also older vehicles, suitable solutions must be found, for solving major, attested incriminations concerning pollution. The present research focuses on the possibility of the reduction of the emission concentration values emitted by a classic Otto spark ignition engine (Otto ICE), by adding hydrogen to the normal used fuel (gasoline). The hydrogen is generated via a water electrolytic conversion technology, applied, in symbiosis with the internal combustion engine and it is known as hydrogen air (HHA). The hydrogen quantity, as resulted from the HHA generating process and fuelled into the engine, represents 10% (by volume) of the total volume of the intake capacity. Being directly correlated to the stoichiometric ratio used to create the fuel mixture, the intake of hydrogen is finally controlled; therefore, the total calorific power of the new fuel mixtures is increasing by approximate 30%. All the measurements have been achieved in a lab using certified and approved gas analyzers and measurement instruments. The novelty of the research consists of (i) presenting results of measurements with the gas analyzer, one at an engine speed of 800 RPM and the second at 2000 RPM using only gasoline as fuel (normal or standard fuel); (ii) concluding of comparative measurements at the same engine speeds, but with addition of hydrogen in the fuel mixture. Since carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse emissions, the results indicate also a more reduced CO2 concentration in the exhaust. One presents that the electrolytic convertor is capable of producing 1800 litters of HHO gas from 1 litre of water. By upgrading the oxyhydrogen system, one succeeded to produce more HHO gas and replacing the amount of conventional fuel. As conclusions one demonstrated that lower emission values can be obtained with the addition of hydrogen air (HHA).
The emission of off-road vehicles and their reduction options
Authors: Bíró N , Kiss P , Szőllősi D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The reduction of harmful emissions is a popular topic in both scientific and public circles. Contrary to popular belief, emissions from transport are only a small part of global emissions. As shown in the figure, the average of the EU 27 countries attributes only 15% of emissions from transport. From common perspective, vehicles with internal combustion, including diesel engines, will soon be replaced by alternative drivetrains. However at least at the commercial and off-road transportation, the diesel technology it is not so easy, and also the environmental reasons are questionable. Although the local emissions of electric vehicles are zero, their global emissions are, according to some research, more significant than their counterparts with internal combustion engines. The total electricity produced in the world in 2016 was about 25 PWh, two-thirds of which came from fossil energy carriers, which seriously damages the ecosystem, so it cannot be labelled as green energy.
Study on the efficiency of Battery Electric Vehicle
Authors: Chiver O , Burnete N , Şugar I R , Neamt L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper deals with aspects that influence the efficiency of electric vehicles and, respectively, their efficiency compared to hybrid or ICE vehicles. Different driving cycles are considered, especially referring to driving on the highway, or urban driving with repeated starts and stops, with average speed relatively low, and the acceleration not too high. Besides these, a comparison will be made between the situations in which the BEV has one speed or two speeds, since the weight of the vehicle is greater in the latter case. Then a hybrid and a conventional model will be tested for the same driving cycles and the same vehicle body.
Influence of Dual Fueling on the Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Izvorean S , Stoica V , Lelea D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The diesel engine although offering a high efficiency and low fuel consumption is slowly being marginalized regarding thermal engines due to high pollutant like NOx and smoke particles. Although there are alternative propulsion systems, they are not proper for industrial use. For this reason, we need to find a solution to improve this engine and to obtain lower emissions and a higher efficiency.
In this paper we propose a solution that can improve the efficiency and reduce the pollutants produced by diesel engine, using a secondary fuel. The idea is to inject the secondary fuel in the intake manifold of the engine, creating a mix between the air and the fuel. This mixture will fill the cylinders and a pilot injection will be used to ignite the content of the cylinder and to provide the additional fuel needed to obtain the targeted performance, while maintaining the emissions at a minimum.
In this scope an experimental test bench with a diesel engine, equipped with a secondary injection system was created. The secondary fuel is injected, in the intake manifold, separately than the main diesel fuel, via a single point injection system. The entire system was created in the laboratory and is driven with a in house software solution that allows us to control every aspect of the engine such as timing, injection duration, fuel pressure and so on. As a result of the experiment, was observed that the engine performance is not diminished. The NOx emission presents a decrease in the same operating conditions. The smoke opacity is reduced significantly and the HC emissions present a slight increase for the same conditions
The influence of warning lights on the truck cabins on aerodynamic performance
Authors: Vieru E M , Iozsa M D , Ilea L , Frățilă G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent development of goods transportation by road, there has been a growing interest in truck aerodynamics as a consequence of increased desire to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Commercial vehicles have undergone continuous modifications in terms of body design (cabin) and trailers or semi-trailers. There have been and still are areas that disrupt air flow and can be optimized for an improved aerodynamic performance. As part of this areas, the paper will study the influence of beacon lights and light ramps positioned on cabin roof for European type trucks (tractor units). These warning equipment’s are imposed by transportation laws, reason for which eliminating them for achieving described purpose is not an option. In this context, the reduction of aerodynamic coefficient (Cd) can be pursued by analysing and optimizing the dimensions, shape and position for warning lights, in order to reduce the magnitude level of swirling effect. Different configurations of these elements will be tested and their impact in terms of air flow on the truck body will be analysed, with focus on roof area. The study will be done by simulating the interaction between airflow and truck in a virtual aerodynamic wind tunnel. The results will be analysed with the help of parameters like velocities, streamlines and pressures from a theoretical and experimental point of view to find the most viable option for each of the presented elements. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical simulations for chosen tests will be performed at a speed of 110 km/h considering that it is an often-encountered speed for trucks and also that aerodynamic phenomenology can be BETTER observed. By analysing the results obtained from the performed CFD simulations, the best positions and shapes for the beacon and ramp lights are desired to be identified. The paper conclusions will contain best configurations of warning lights and emissions improvement.
The electric transmission stress behaviour investigation while being used for a middle-class road vehicle
Authors: Visan F , Croitorescu V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the design for an electric transmission used for a middle-class road vehicle. The transmission gears are designed, calculated and virtually developed. A middle-class road vehicle is chosen for virtual implementation. The geometrical models for the gears are designed and developed. The transmission integration into the chosen vehicles is defined. The stress behaviour for the transmission is investigated following different torque performances demands. Different materials for the gears are considered.
Research regarding the simulation of the autonomy for the electric vehicles in the case of the WLTC test cycle
Authors: Minzatu Corneliu , Nişulescu Valentin , Bancă Gheorghe , Toma Marius , Renţea Cristian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In current mainstream research, energy consumption and autonomy are just a few of the the major objectives anticipated for electric road vehicles. The production of electric vehicles is continuously expanding, offering to the market a large variety of constructive variants in order to satisfy the requirements for their exploitation. Also, in the current energy context, it is expected from the electric car manufacturers, to deliver high quality models which can be characterized as the actual alternatives to actual existing solutions equipped with an internal combustion engine. Under these circumstances, the continuous research it is a high priority for everyone electric vehicle producers, where simulation on the computer is basically not absent as a go-between step prior to the validation of the final draft proposals. According to these assumptions, in the first part of the article you will find the AMESim simulation platform points, where it describes the model made with it and the simulated test cycle. In the second part of the article, as a consequence of the simulation of the experimental electric vehicle, are highlighted some aspects of the autonomy behaviour in the case of simulation on the World-wide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC), for all four speed zones specific to it.
Study of Alternatives to Manufacturing of Long Pipes with Many Holes
Authors: Poiana DI , Ionel I , Vasilescu M , Vetreş I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In industrial manufacturing, certain long, thin-walled pipe-type parts that have many holes arranged along their longitudinal axis are required. In the automotive industry, such thin-walled long pipe parts are needed for body frames, for heavier component supports, for protection bars, etc. Frequent cases are encountered, for example, in the manufacture of modular shelves for storage. In these cases, long pipes, up to 6 meters long, with thin walls are used. Such long thin-walled pipes, which have many holes arranged along them, sometimes even equally spaced between them, are frequently made with a manufacturing technology that has several characteristic steps: 1) making holes in sheet metal strips, 2) bending the strips and welding them lengthwise, resulting in perforated pipes having a rectangular or square section. In this paper, two variants of obtaining pipes with holes arranged along the length of the pipe, but which are obtained from laminated pipes with thin walls of rectangular section, are proposed and analyzed. The characteristics of obtaining holes in these pipes are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solutions are analyzed. The finite element method was also used for the analysis using SolidWorks software.
Weather and road environment’s influence on multi-vehicle crashes in Romania
Authors: Drosu A , Cofaru C , Slaff C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the weather and road environment’s influence on Multi Vehicle Crashes (MVC) in Romania. In order to capture the real effect of these factors, the road accidents recorded between the months of November and March of each year from 2013 to 2018 are analysed, as this is the period of each year when most of the meteorological phenomena relevant to our research are present. The analysed data set contains complex records of a number of 8,538 accidents which are assessed at the highly disaggregation level (individual), a type of analysis which is rarely found in the road safety studies. A Binary Multiple Logistic Regression (BMLR) is employed for explanatory purposes in order to estimate the probability of MVC. Road accidents that involve at least 3 vehicles are declared as MVC and the probability of their occurrence is labelled as “1”. The rest of the crashes in the data set are assigned the value “0” of the probability. The results of this research show that the highways have the highest risk of a MCV occurring as the odds values show and the sleet is the weather phenomena which highly increase the probability of having a MCV. These risk factors should be further researched in connection with other variables that relate to the driver and weather characteristics.