bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONG-TERM TREND OF SUNSPOT NUMBERS
Authors: Gao P. X. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform method, we investigate the long-term trend of yearly mean total sunspot numbers in the time interval of 1700–2015, which come from the World Data Center—the sunspot Index and long-term solar observations. The main findings of this study are summarized below. (1) From the adaptive trend, which is extracted from the yearly mean total sunspot numbers, we can find that the value gradually increases during the time period 1700–1975, then decreases gradually from 1975 to 2015. (2) The Centennial Gleissberg Cycle is extracted from the yearly mean total sunspot numbers and confirms that a new grand minimum is in progress; the Dalton Minimum, the Gleissberg Minimum, and low level of solar activity during solar cycle 24 (the part of the new grand minimum) all can be understood as minima of the Centennial Gleissberg Cycle. (3) Based on the adaptive (overall) trend, and the 100-year and longer timescale trend of yearly mean total sunspot numbers, we can infer that the level of solar activity during the new grand minimum may be close to that during the Gleissberg Minimum, slightly higher than that during the Dalton Minimum, and significantly higher than that during the Maunder Minimum. Our results do not support the suggestion that a new grand minimum, somewhat resembling the Maunder Minimum, is in progress.
THE PRIMORDIAL DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE OF THE MOST METAL-POOR DAMPED Lyα SYSTEM∗
Authors: Cooke Ryan J. , Pettini Max , Nollett Kenneth M. , Jorgenson Regina 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery and analysis of the most metal-poor damped Lyα (DLA) system currently known, which also displays the Lyman series absorption lines of neutral deuterium. The average [O/H] abundance of this system is [O/H] = −2.804 ± 0.015, which includes an absorption component with [O/H] = −3.07 ± 0.03. Despite the unfortunate blending of many weak D i absorption lines, we report a precise measurement of the deuterium abundance of this system. Using the six highest-quality and self-consistently analyzed measures of D/H in DLAs, we report tentative evidence for a subtle decrease of D/H with increasing metallicity. This trend must be confirmed with future high-precision D/H measurements spanning a range of metallicity. A weighted mean of these six independent measures provides our best estimate of the primordial abundance of deuterium, 105 (D/H)P = 2.547 ± 0.033 (

). We perform a series of detailed Monte Carlo calculations of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) that incorporate the latest determinations of several key nuclear reaction cross-sections, and propagate their associated uncertainty. Combining our measurement of (D/H)P with these BBN calculations yields an estimate of the cosmic baryon density, 100 ΩB,0
h
2(BBN) = 2.156 ± 0.020, if we adopt the most recent theoretical determination of the

reaction rate. This measure of ΩB,0
h
2 differs by ∼2.3σ from the Standard Model value estimated from the Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background. Using instead a

reaction rate that is based on the best available experimental cross-section data, we estimate 100 ΩB,0
h
2(BBN) = 2.260 ± 0.034, which is in somewhat better agreement with the Planck value. Forthcoming measurements of the crucial

cross-section may shed further light on this discrepancy.
THE IMPACT EJECTA ENVIRONMENT OF NEAR EARTH ASTEROIDS
Authors: Szalay Jamey R. , Horányi Mihály 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Impact ejecta production is a ubiquitous process that occurs on all airless bodies throughout the solar system. Unlike the Moon, which retains a large fraction of its ejecta, asteroids primarily shed their ejecta into the interplanetary dust population. These grains carry valuable information about the chemical compositions of their parent bodies that can be measured via in situ dust detection. Here, we use recent Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer/Lunar Dust Experiment measurements of the lunar dust cloud to calculate the dust ejecta distribution for any airless body near 1 au. We expect this dust distribution to be highly asymmetric, due to non-isotropic impacting fluxes. We predict that flybys near these asteroids would collect many times more dust impacts by transiting the apex side of the body compared to its anti-apex side. While these results are valid for bodies at 1 au, they can be used to qualitatively infer the ejecta environment for all solar-orbiting airless bodies.
Éditorial
Authors: Point Sébastien , Le Flanchec Alice , Scouarnec Aline 
Published: October 2016

Le débat traditionnel concernant l’arbitrage auquel est confrontée la recherche en management entre pertinence et rigueur n’épargne pas la GRH. L’ouvrage de Gibbons en a toutefois renouvelé les termes en décrivant deux régimes de production des savoirs (M1K et M2K) qui permettent de mieux cerner les caractéristiques principales de ce que certains appellent également la « science académique » versus la « science post académique ». Nous examinons, pour la GRH, chacune des caractéristiques de ces deux régimes (notamment en analysant les 106 articles du précédent congrès de l’AGRH à Montpellier) avant de proposer un pont entre les deux, la contextualisation.
L’improvisation en tant que situation managériale ? Comment évolue-t-elle durant la vie d’un projet ?
Authors: Vignikin Aristide , Leroy Daniel , Chédotel Frédérique 
Published: October 2016

Dans cette étude empirique, nous nous intéressons aux concepts de « situation » et d’« improvisation » avec pour objectif de les relier dans le cadre d’un projet. Considérant que la pensée managériale se construit dans l’action, en se basant sur des travaux (Suchman, 1987 ; de Fornel et Quéré, 1999), cette recherche se fonde sur une représentation contextuelle de l’action basée sur des théories interactionnistes d’origine psychosociologique. Le premier concept, celui de « situation », semble souffrir cruellement d’une théorisation et le second, celui d’« improvisation », émerge progressivement d’une littérature qui se construit et qui suscite un intérêt croissant dans la communauté managériale à en croire les numéros spéciaux de revues académiques qui y sont consacrés. Cette étude ambitionne d’identifier et de caractériser les situations de management de projet se déroulant dans un contexte favorable à une improvisation et les différents degrés d’improvisation durant la vie du projet. À l’aide d’une démarche quantitative, elle met en évidence différentes situations « improvisationnelles » et l’existence de degrés d’improvisation spécifiques à chaque phase d’un projet. Les données utilisées pour valider ces relations théoriques proviennent d’une base significative (4200 situations vécues par près de 500 différents acteurs projet conçue dans le cadre d’un projet international de recherche).
Loss of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Alters Ocular Surface Homeostasis and Promotes an Early Development of Herpes Stromal Keratitis
Authors: Gaddipati Subhash , Rao Pushpa , Jerome Andrew David , Burugula Bala Bharathi , Gerard Norma P. , Suvas Susmit 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Substance P neuropeptide and its receptor, neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), are reported to present on the ocular surface. In this study, mice lacking functional NK1R exhibited an excessive desquamation of apical corneal epithelial cells in association with an increased epithelial cell proliferation and increased epithelial cell density, but decreased epithelial cell size. The lack of NK1R also resulted in decreased density of corneal nerves, corneal epithelial dendritic cells (DCs), and a reduced volume of basal tears. Interestingly, massive accumulation of CD11c+CD11b+ conventional DCs was noted in the bulbar conjunctiva and near the limbal area of corneas from NK1R−/− mice. After ocular HSV-1 infection, the number of conventional DCs and neutrophils infiltrating the infected corneas was significantly higher in NK1R−/− than C57BL/6J mice. This was associated with an increased viral load in infected corneas of NK1R−/− mice. As a result, the number of IFN-γ–secreting virus-specific CD4 T cells in the draining lymph nodes of NK1R−/− mice was much higher than in infected C57BL/6J mice. An increased number of CD4 T cells and mature neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6ghigh) in the inflamed corneas of NK1R−/− mice was associated with an early development of severe herpes stromal keratitis. Collectively, our results show that the altered corneal biology of uninfected NK1R−/− mice along with an enhanced immunological response after ocular HSV-1 infection causes an early development of herpes stromal keratitis in NK1R−/− mice.
Cerebral Paragonimiasis Presenting with Sudden Death
Authors: Amaro Deirdre E. , Cowell Annie , Tuohy Marion J. , Procop Gary W. , Morhaime Jacquelyn , Reed Sharon L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A 58-year-old Korean-born woman with a history of seizures and psychiatric issues was found dead at home. Autopsy was notable for large, calcified nodules that had nearly replaced her right temporal lobe. Histologic examination revealed the presence of Paragonimus eggs. This case demonstrates a rare manifestation of an aberrantly migrated lung fluke that resulted in epilepsy and sudden death years after the initial infection.
Prevention of Early Mortality by Presumptive Tuberculosis Therapy Study: An Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Manabe Yukari C. , Worodria William , van Leth Frank , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Traore Afsatou Ndama , Ferro Josefo , Pakker Nadine , Frank Matthias , Grobusch Martin P. , Colebunders Robert , Cobelens Frank 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Early mortality after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) occurs in 9–39% of patients in sub-Saharan Africa. A significant proportion of deaths are attributable to tuberculosis (TB). Low baseline CD4 T-cell count and low body mass index (BMI) are strongly associated with early mortality. We hypothesized that initiation of ART concurrent with presumptive anti-TB chemotherapy in high-risk patients would reduce mortality within the first 6 months by treating unrecognized TB. From October 2011 to December 2012, ART-naive, smear-negative participants with a CD4 T-cell count < 50 cells/μL and BMI < 18 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to undergo either empiric four-drug anti-TB treatment followed 2 weeks later by efavirenz-based ART (N = 23) (ART + TB) or ART only (N = 20). This open-label, 1:1 randomized, controlled trial took place in Uganda, Mozambique, and Gabon and was stopped prematurely by the sponsor for slow recruitment. Overall, the 43 participants had a median CD4 of 22 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9–35) cells/μL and a median BMI of 17.5 (IQR: 16.6–18.0) kg/m2. The mortality was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.3–27.9); two (10.0%) participants (ART-only group), and four (17.4%; ART + TB group). The associated hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.30–8.90). Despite limited enrollment, the study did not suggest that empiric TB treatment in severely immunosuppressed patients with low BMI decreased mortality and, had an HR in the opposite direction than expected. Notably, two participants in the ART + TB group died with autopsy-confirmed drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Improved TB diagnostics sensitive in immunosuppressed patients presenting late to care are urgently needed for more targeted interventions.
Imported Disease Screening Prior to Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation for Oncohematological Malignancies
Authors: Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Salvador Fernando , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Barba Pere , Valcárcel David , Sulleiro Elena , Sanz-García Enrique , Molina Israel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Reactivation of latent imported infections has been periodically reported in migrant patients undergoing immunosuppression. We performed a prospective study at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain). Migrant patients over 16 years with the diagnosis of any oncohematologic disease were included. Patients were tested for soil-transmitted helminths, hepatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, Treponema pallidum, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, latent tuberculosis infection, Toxoplasma spp., Plasmodium infection, Schistosoma spp., Trypanosoma cruzi infection, Leishmania spp., and dimorphic fungi. Patients were treated and followed for 1 year to assess reactivation. A total of 42 patients were included in this study. Median age was 39 (31–51) years. Twenty-five (59.5%) patients were women. More than half of the patients were of Latin American origin. Sixteen patients (38.1%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Of the patients, 71.4% had at least one imported infection. Patients with at least one positive result in the screening did not show any statistically significant association with the studied variables. We did not find any reactivation of the treated latent infections. After specific treatment we did not observe any reactivation. Screening of latent imported infections previous to an immunosuppressive treatment is easy to perform and it may be lifesaving.
Respostas fisiológicas de plantas jovens de macaúba a condições de seca cíclica
Authors: Mota Clenilso Sehnen , Oliva Cano Marco Antonio 
Published: October 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os impactos de três ciclos de seca/ reirrigação sobre os rendimentos quânticos da fluorescência da clorofila a, acúmulo de prolina e ajustamento osmótico. Dez plantas cultivadas em vasos com capacidade de 150 L de solo foram submetidas a três ciclos sucessivos de seca/reirrigação (S/R) e outras dez foram mantidas irrigadas em capacidade de campo. Os ciclos S/R não promoveram ajustamento osmótico nas plantas mantidas com suspensão da irrigação (CSI), apesar do acúmulo de prolina. A fluorescência mínima adaptada ao escuro aumentou e a eficiência quântica máxima do PSII teve redução nas plantas CSI. O rendimento quântico de conversão de energia fotoquímica do fotossistema II (PSII) e a taxa aparente de transporte de elétrons apresentaram redução, enquanto o rendimento quântico de dissipação regulada de energia não fotoquímica no PSII apresentou aumento nas plantas do grupo CSI em relação às plantas sem suspensão da irrigação (SSI). O rendimento quântico de dissipação não regulada de energia não fotoquímica do PSII e os teores de clorofilas e carotenoides não apresentaram alterações entre as plantas CSI e SSI ao longo dos ciclos S/R. Observa-se, assim, que a macaúba apresenta um eficiente mecanismo de dissipação de energia não fotoquímica.
Training “Blue-Blooded” Canadian Boys: Athleticism, Muscular Christianity, and Sports in Ontario’s “Little Big Four” Schools, 1829–1930
Authors: Bennett Paul W. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Athleticism, masculinity, and sports are intimately connected in most boys’ schools. Colonial versions of the famous British public school sprang up over the nineteenth century in an overwhelmingly Protestant, Anglo-Saxon Ontario. Foremost among them were what came to be known as the “Little Big Four” group of schools, Upper Canada College (Toronto, 1829), Trinity College School (Weston, 1865), Bishop Ridley College (St. Catharines, 1889), and St. Andrew’s College (Chestnut Park, Toronto, 1899). Training boys on the sports fields in Ontario’s elite boys’ schools provides an intriguing case study of athleticism, muscular Christianity, and class formation. While critically re-examining previous assumptions, this paper demonstrates that, from 1829 until 1930, the Ontario schools were active agents of “manly” character development. The Canadian “blue-bloods” were a colonial breed apart—exhibiting a strange skepticism about school traditions and practices that were “too British,” favoring Canadian rugby football and American baseball over cricket, and fond of satirizing “Rhubarb Kippering” in popular playground rhymes. This small circle of schools even appropriated the moniker “Little Big Four,” a junior version of the “Big Four,” the original name of the Eastern Conference of the Canadian Football League.
“The Color of My Writing”: Reflections on Studying the Interconnection among Race, Sport, and American Culture
Authors: Wiggins David K. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this essay, I reflect on my many years of researching and analyzing the interconnections among race, sport, and American culture. To some extent, it is a look back at my experiences as a white academic studying African American athletes and how they have navigated the racial lines in their efforts to become full participants in sport. The essay is also my assessment of the role of sport in African American communities and what part it has played in the larger civil rights struggle and quest for equal rights. Lastly, I share insights about my personal background and the trials and tribulations I have faced as a historian attempting to understand the complexities of race and how it has impacted sport and American society.
Polish Language and Literature at Columbia University in New York: Early History (1915–1948)
Authors: Mikoś Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article describes the early history of Columbia University’s Slavic Languages Department, established in 1915. Special attention is given to the Polish language and literature programs, inaugurated in 1916, and to the contributions of many faculty members, especially Arthur P. Coleman (1887–1974), who taught at Columbia from 1928 to 1948. It lists Coleman’s published writings on several Slavic languages and literatures, namely his books and papers, translations, and articles in Polish and American newspapers as well as his contributions to the profession, most notably his work leading to the foundation of the American Association of the Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (AATSEEL). The article concludes with a summary of Coleman’s achievements in propagating Polish language, literature, and culture in the United States.
Growth of rocksalt-structured MgxZn1−
xO (x > 0.5) films on MgO substrates and their deep-ultraviolet luminescence
Authors: Kaneko Kentaro , Onuma Takeyoshi , Tsumura Keiichi , Uchida Takayuki , Jinno Riena , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Honda Tohru , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Single-phase rocksalt-structured Mg
x
Zn1−

x
O (x > 0.5) alloy films were grown on MgO substrates using the mist chemical vapor deposition method. A specular surface with a step and terrace structure was obtained. The bandgap was tuned from 5.9 to 7.8 eV as x varied from 0.5 to 1. Deep ultraviolet cathodoluminescence, stemming from near band edge transitions, was observed for Mg0.57Zn0.43O in the 4.8–5.5 eV range, peaking at ∼5.1 eV (∼240 nm) in the 12–100 K range.
Photocurrent enhancement of graphene phototransistors using p–n junction formed by conventional photolithography process
Authors: Shimatani Masaaki , Ogawa Shinpei , Fujisawa Daisuke , Okuda Satoshi , Kanai Yasushi , Ono Takao , Matsumoto Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A p–n junction was developed in a graphene transistor by a simple photolithography process used in typical semiconductor processes. The p- and n-type regions were formed by coating photoresist on part of the graphene channel and immersion of the uncovered graphene region in alkali developer, respectively. A 3-fold enhancement of the photocurrent was observed at the maximum field effect mobility. It is therefore important to maximize the field effect mobility by doping to maximize the photocurrent. The results obtained here are an important step toward the production of high-sensitivity graphene-based phototransistors compatible with conventional industrial procedures.
VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics
Authors: Rognes Torbjørn , Flouri Tomáš , Nichols Ben , Quince Christopher , Mahé Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundVSEARCH is an open source and free of charge multithreaded 64-bit tool for processing and preparing metagenomics, genomics and population genomics nucleotide sequence data. It is designed as an alternative to the widely used USEARCH tool (Edgar, 2010) for which the source code is not publicly available, algorithm details are only rudimentarily described, and only a memory-confined 32-bit version is freely available for academic use.MethodsWhen searching nucleotide sequences, VSEARCH uses a fast heuristic based on words shared by the query and target sequences in order to quickly identify similar sequences, a similar strategy is probably used in USEARCH. VSEARCH then performs optimal global sequence alignment of the query against potential target sequences, using full dynamic programming instead of the seed-and-extend heuristic used by USEARCH. Pairwise alignments are computed in parallel using vectorisation and multiple threads.ResultsVSEARCH includes most commands for analysing nucleotide sequences available in USEARCH version 7 and several of those available in USEARCH version 8, including searching (exact or based on global alignment), clustering by similarity (using length pre-sorting, abundance pre-sorting or a user-defined order), chimera detection (reference-based orde novo), dereplication (full length or prefix), pairwise alignment, reverse complementation, sorting, and subsampling. VSEARCH also includes commands for FASTQ file processing, i.e., format detection, filtering, read quality statistics, and merging of paired reads. Furthermore, VSEARCH extends functionality with several new commands and improvements, including shuffling, rereplication, masking of low-complexity sequences with the well-known DUST algorithm, a choice among different similarity definitions, and FASTQ file format conversion. VSEARCH is here shown to be more accurate than USEARCH when performing searching, clustering, chimera detection and subsampling, while on a par with USEARCH for paired-ends read merging. VSEARCH is slower than USEARCH when performing clustering and chimera detection, but significantly faster when performing paired-end reads merging and dereplication. VSEARCH is available athttps://github.com/torognes/vsearchunder either the BSD 2-clause license or the GNU General Public License version 3.0.DiscussionVSEARCH has been shown to be a fast, accurate and full-fledged alternative to USEARCH. A free and open-source versatile tool for sequence analysis is now available to the metagenomics community.
Seasonal constraints on inferred planetary heat content
Authors: McKinnon Karen A. , Huybers Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPlanetary heating can be quantified using top of the atmosphere energy fluxes or through monitoring the heat content of the Earth system. It has been difficult, however, to compare the two methods with each other because of biases in satellite measurements and incomplete spatial coverage of ocean observations. Here we focus on the the seasonal cycle whose amplitude is large relative to satellite biases and observational errors. The seasonal budget can be closed through inferring contributions from high‐latitude oceans and marginal seas using the covariance structure of National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM1). In contrast, if these regions are approximated as the average across well‐observed regions, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle is overestimated relative to satellite constraints. Analysis of the same CESM1 simulation indicates that complete measurement of the upper ocean would increase the magnitude and precision of interannual trend estimates in ocean heating more than fully measuring the deep ocean.