bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Fe(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) with Schiff Base Ligands (SBLs): Biological Screening of Divalent Metal Chelated Complex
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Noor Khadija , Lateef Mehreen , Noreen Zahra , Javed Muhammad Aneeq , Rehman Mehvish Abdul , Habibullah Khansa , Sohail Aamir 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to develop novel Schiff base ligands (SBLs), namely N1,N2-Bis(4-nitrobenzylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine (1), 4,6-Dimethyl-N-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)pyrimidin-2-amine (2) and N1,N2-Bis((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)benzene-1,2-diamine (3). It also aimed to examine how they coordinate with various bidentate transition metal ions to form metal complexes. The goal was to properly characterize the newly synthesized chemicals and investigate their possible uses in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, with an emphasis on the drug industry. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to methodically monitor and confirm the synthesis process at each step. The compounds were then put through characterization procedures such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), urease inhibition assays, and assessments of antioxidant activity.
Reorientación automática de imágenes SPECT de perfusión miocárdica
Authors: VIJANDE Ezequiel , NAMÍAS Mauro 
Published: October 2024

Las imágenes SPECT de perfusión miocárdica brindan información sobre el flujo sanguíneo del músculo cardíaco. Previo a ser interpretadas por un cardiólogo nuclear, las imágenes deben ser reorientadas a lo largo del eje largo del corazón. Esto suele realizarse de manera manual, siendo un proceso dependiente del operador y por lo tanto de reproducibilidad limitada. En este trabajo proponemos un método de reorientación automático utilizando una red neuronal convolucional para predecir las posiciones de la base, ápice y centro del ventrículo derecho a partir de las imágenes adquiridas. El modelo fue entrenado a partir de imágenes y anotaciones elaboradas por dos profesionales distintos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con los errores inter e intra operador, y de esta manera se pudo confirmar que el método propuesto logra un rango de error al menos tan bueno como el de los métodos manuales.
Influencia de la Concentración de Arsénico en la Transferencia de Materia en Zanahorias Cocidas
Authors: GALVEZ Oscar Daniel , MALDONADO Mariela Beatriz , PÉREZ Raúl César 
Published: October 2024

Esta Tesis tiene por objetivo general estudiar la difusión del arsénico en las zanahorias. El objetivo específico fue medir cómo difunde el arsénico usando la ley de Fick, con concentraciones entre 5 y 15 mgL-1 a una temperatura constante. Las zanahorias enteras, con su piel, se cocinaron a 98°C en soluciones con diferentes niveles de arsénico (5, 10 y 15 mgL-1). Se cortaron las zanahorias en tres partes: superior, media e inferior. Para calcular los coeficientes de difusión del arsénico, se usó un modelo cilíndrico homogéneo. Se establecieron las condiciones para resolver el modelo matemático y seleccionar las fronteras y el mecanismo de difusión. Los resultados mostraron coherencia con el aumento de concentraciones de arsénico (5, 10 y 15 mgL-1) en la solución a 98°C durante 30 minutos de cocción. Los coeficientes de difusión promedios en la región superior fueron1,45E-08, 1,49E-08 y 1,53E-08 m²s-1 para concentraciones arsenicales de 5, 10 y 15 mgL-1 respectivamente. Además, se observó que la concentración de arsénico se relacionaba con la distancia radial y la penetración en el tejido de la zanahoria, así como con la altura del corte. A 5 mgL-1, la difusión fue menor que a 10 y 15 mgL-1 para los mismos tiempos, ya que la velocidad de avance del arsénico disminuyó con menor concentración. En las tres regiones (superior, media e inferior), el contenido de arsénico bajó desde la periferia hacia el centro de la zanahoria, similar a otros estudios de difusión de solutos en alimentos. Parte de los resultados y metodología fue publicada en la revista HELIYON.
Síntesis económica de sílice MCM-41 jerarquizada para una mayor adsorción de CO2
Authors: AQUINO Guillermo Daniel , PEREYRA Andrea Marisa , BENEDICTTO Germán Pablo 
Published: October 2024

El empleo de materiales porosos como adsorbentes de CO2 en tecnologías de captura y almacenamiento de carbono resulta una alternativa promisoria frente al objetivo de mitigar las emisiones de este gas de efecto invernadero. Entre ellos, las sílices tipo MCM-41 resultan interesantes debido a su elevada área superficial específica y su capacidad de ser modificadas según la aplicación de interés. Uno de sus principales inconvenientes yace en el costo de las materias primas convencionales empleadas para su síntesis. En este trabajo se estudió la producción de una sílice mesoporosa tipo MCM-41 obtenida a partir de soluciones comerciales de grado industrial de muy bajo costo, modificada con grupos amino para su aplicación como adsorbente de CO2. El material sintetizado fue caracterizado mediante SAXS, SEM, HRTEM y adsorción/desorción de N2 a 77 K. Se observó una porosidad a diferentes escalas de longitud meso-macro (4-1000 nm), adicional a la mesoestructura hexagonal intrínseca de la MCM-41, caracterizada por una elevada superficie específica (SBET = 1134 m2/g) y elevado volumen de meso y macroporos (VP meso = 1,01 cm³/g y VP macro = 4,70 cm³/g). Además, se observaron diferentes morfologías y canales con longitud y curvatura variables. El material funcionalizado con APTS, exhibió resultados de capacidad de adsorción ligeramente superiores a los presentes en bibliografía, alcanzando 1,28 mmol/g a 25 °C y 760 mmHg.
Users do not trust recommendations from a large language model more than AI-sourced snippets
Authors: McGrath Melanie J. , Cooper Patrick S. , Duenser Andreas 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe ability of large language models to generate general purpose natural language represents a significant step forward in creating systems able to augment a range of human endeavors. However, concerns have been raised about the potential for misplaced trust in the potentially hallucinatory outputs of these models.ObjectivesThe study reported in this paper is a preliminary exploration of whether trust in the content of output generated by an LLM may be inflated in relation to other forms of ecologically valid, AI-sourced information.MethodParticipants were presented with a series of general knowledge questions and a recommended answer from an AI-assistant that had either been generated by an ChatGPT-3 or sourced by Google’s AI-powered featured snippets function. We also systematically varied whether the AI-assistant’s advice was accurate or inaccurate.ResultsTrust and reliance in LLM-generated recommendations were not significantly higher than that of recommendations from a non-LLM source. While accuracy of the recommendations resulted in a significant reduction in trust, this did not differ significantly by AI-application.ConclusionUsing three predefined general knowledge tasks and fixed recommendation sets from the AI-assistant, we did not find evidence that trust in LLM-generated output is artificially inflated, or that people are more likely to miscalibrate their trust in this novel technology than another commonly drawn on form of AI-sourced information.
Advancing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prediction: a comprehensive machine learning approach integrating SHAP interpretability and multi-cohort validation
Authors: Yang Bo , Lu Huaguan , Ran Yinghui 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major global health challenge, often undiagnosed because of suboptimal screening tools. Advances in machine learning (ML) offer potential improvements in predictive diagnostics, leveraging complex clinical datasets.MethodsWe utilized a comprehensive dataset from the Dryad database for model development and training and performed external validation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 cycles. Seven distinct ML models were developed and rigorously evaluated. Additionally, we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to enhance the interpretability of the models, allowing for a detailed understanding of how each variable contributes to predictive outcomes.ResultsA total of 14,913 participants were eligible for this study. Among the seven constructed models, the light gradient boosting machine achieved the highest performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 in the internal validation set and 0.81 in the external NHANES validation cohort. In detailed performance metrics, it maintained an accuracy of 87%, a sensitivity of 92.9%, and an F1 score of 0.92. Key predictive variables identified included alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, triglyceride glucose–waist circumference, metabolic score for insulin resistance, and HbA1c, which are strongly associated with metabolic dysfunctions integral to NAFLD progression.ConclusionsThe integration of ML with SHAP interpretability provides a robust predictive tool for NAFLD, enhancing the early identification and potential management of the disease. The model’s high accuracy and generalizability across diverse populations highlight its clinical utility, though future enhancements should include longitudinal data and lifestyle factors to refine risk assessments further.
Cell line-based in vitro models of normal and chronic bronchitis-like airway mucosa to study the toxic potential of aerosolized palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Jie , Jansen Katja , Kessler Vadim , Seisenbaeva Gulaim , Gerde Per , Malmlöf Maria , Palmberg Lena , Upadhyay Swapna 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPhysiologically relevant cell line-based models of human airway mucosa are needed to assess nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary toxicity for any xenbiotics expsoure study. Palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NP) originating from catalytic converters in vehicles pose health risks. We aimed to develop in vitro airway models to assess the toxic potential of Pd-NP in normal (Non-CB) and chronic bronchitis-like (CB-like) mucosa models.MethodsBronchial mucosa models were developed using Epithelial cells (16HBE: apical side) co-cultured with fibroblast (basal side) at an air-liquid interface. Furthermore, both Non-CB and CB-like (IL-13 treatment) models with increased numbers of goblet cells were used. The models were exposed to 3 different doses of aerosolized Pd-NP (0.2, 0.3, and 6 μg/cm2) using XposeALI® and clean air as a control. After 24 h of incubation, the expression of inflammatory (IL6, CXCL8, TNFα, and NFKB), oxidative stress (HMOX1, SOD3, GPx, and GSTA1), and tissue injury/repair (MMP9/TIMP1) markers was assessed using qRT–PCR. The secretion of CXCL-8 and the expression of a tissue injury/repair marker (MMP-9) were measured via ELISA.ResultsSignificantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased expressions of CXCL8, IL6, and NFKB were observed at the highest dose of Pd-NP in CB-like models. However, in Non-CB mucosa models, a maximum effect on TNFα and NFKB expression was observed at a medium Pd-NP dose. In Non-CB mucosa models, SOD3 showed a clear dose-dependent response to Pd-NP exposure, while GSTA1 expression was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) only at the lowest dose of Pd-NP. The secretion of CXCL-8 increased in a dose-dependent manner in the Non-CB mucosa models following exposure to Pd-NP. In CB-like models, exposure to high concentrations of Pd-NP significantly increased the release of MMP-9 compared to that in other exposure groups.ConclusionThe combination of our Non-CB and CB-like mucosa models with the XposeALI® system for aerosolized nanoparticle exposure closely mimics in vivo lung environments and cell-particle interactions. Results from these models, utilizing accessible cell lines, will maximize the reliability of in vitro findings in human health risk assessment.
Screening and identification of microRNAs mediating cartilage endplate degeneration in human intervertebral disks
Authors: Jiang Bei , Bai Chong , Pan Jie , Shen Bin , Li Lijun 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to discover micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) involved in the degeneration of cartilage endplates through next-generation sequencing and lay the foundation for further research.MethodsThe cartilage endplate was obtained from patients who underwent interbody fusion surgery at the Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2023. Total RNA was extracted from the cartilage endplate tissue. Discover differential genes through NGS. To annotate gene functions, all target genes were aligned against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. The GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analyses of target genes were performed using phyper, a function of R. The p-value was corrected using the Bonferroni method, and a corrected p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as the threshold. GO terms or KEGG terms fulfilling this condition were defined as significantly enriched terms. The screened miRNAs and their target protein were verified in vitro using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB).ResultsRNA was extracted from normal and degenerated cartilage endplate tissues for NGS. Eight downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 22 upregulated DEGs were found. The KEGG pathway analysis of these target genes revealed that differential microRNAs and target genes were enriched in different signaling pathways, and the regulated signaling pathways were mainly mitochondrial autophagy and autophagy. The qPCR results demonstrated a significant upregulation of miR-25-3p and miR-345-5p in degenerative cartilage endplate tissues (p ≤ 0.001). Western blot analysis revealed that BRD4 exhibited a marked increase in protein expression levels in degenerative cartilage endplate tissues (p ≤ 0.0001), while BECN1 showed a significant decrease in protein expression levels within these samples (p ≤ 0.0001).ConclusionWe found that DEG hsa-miR-25-3p and hsa-miR-345-5p can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IDD. The significant target proteins of miR-25-3p and miR-345-5p were BRD4 and BECN1, respectively.
Implication of nutrition in severity of symptoms and treatments in quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Mentxakatorre Naia Ayo , Tijero Beatriz , Acera María Ángeles , Fernández-Valle Tamara , Ruiz-Lopez Marta , Gómez-Esteban Juan Carlos , Del Pino Rocio 
Published: October 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Nutritional alterations are one of the non-motor symptoms that most influence the quality of life (QoL) in PD.ObjectiveTherefore, this review aims to evaluate whether nutritional alterations are related either to the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms through the gut-brain axis or to the different treatments for PD and whether all of this, in turn, impacts the QoL of patients.MethodsA systematic review was carried out in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and Mendeley from 2000 to June 2024, searching for articles related to nutritional alterations in PD that alter patients’ QoL. A total of 14 articles (2,187 participants) of 924 records were included.ResultsAmong the 14 studies examined, two investigated the relationship between nutritional status and QoL in patients with PD. Poor nutritional status was associated with lower QoL scores. Four studies explored the connection between nutritional status and its impact on both motor and non-motor symptoms (psychiatric disturbances, cognitive impairment, and fatigue), revealing a link between nutritional status, activities of daily living, and the severity of motor symptoms. Three studies identified changes in body weight associated with the severity of symptoms related to mobility issues in PD patients. Three studies investigated the relationship between different PD treatments and their interaction with changes in weight and energy metabolism, highlighting that weight loss in the early stages of PD needs adequate monitoring of different treatments, as well as the interaction between the central and peripheral nervous systems in regulating these processes. Finally, two studies investigated how gastrointestinal alterations and changes in the microbiota were related to cognitive status, thus identifying them as risk factors and early signs of PD.DiscussionThe systematic review highlighted the significant relationship between nutritional status and QoL in patients with PD, as well as how the PD treatments influenced their weight. An association was also observed in the gut-brain axis, where adequate nutritional status influenced the balance of intestinal microbiota, slowing cognitive decline, improving activities of daily living, and the QoL of PD patients. It is confirmed that the nutritional status of patients influenced both motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease, and therefore their QoL.
Construction and validation of a nomogram model for lymph node metastasis of stage II-III gastric cancer based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Yue Chongkang , Xue Huiping 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundGastric cancer, a pervasive malignancy globally, often presents with regional lymph node metastasis (LNM), profoundly impacting prognosis and treatment options. Existing clinical methods for determining the presence of LNM are not precise enough, necessitating the development of an accurate risk prediction model.ObjectiveOur primary objective was to employ machine learning algorithms to identify risk factors for LNM and establish a precise prediction model for stage II-III gastric cancer.MethodsA study was conducted at Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between May 2010 and December 2022. This retrospective study analyzed 1147 surgeries for gastric cancer and explored the clinicopathological differences between LNM and non-LNM cohorts. Utilizing univariate logistic regression and two machine learning methodologies—Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF)—we identified vascular invasion, maximum tumor diameter, percentage of monocytes, hematocrit (HCT), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) as salient factors and consolidated them into a nomogram model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curves were used to evaluate the test efficacy of the nomogram. Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values were utilized to illustrate the predictive impact of each feature on the model’s output.ResultsSignificant differences in tumor characteristics were discerned between LNM and non-LNM cohorts through appropriate statistical methods. A nomogram, incorporating vascular invasion, maximum tumor diameter, percentage of monocytes, HCT, and LMR, was developed and exhibited satisfactory predictive capabilities with an AUC of 0.787 (95% CI: 0.749-0.824) in the training set and 0.753 (95% CI: 0.694-0.812) in the validation set. Calibration curves and decision curves affirmed the nomogram’s predictive accuracy.ConclusionIn conclusion, leveraging machine learning algorithms, we devised a nomogram for precise LNM risk prognostication in stage II-III gastric cancer, offering a valuable tool for tailored risk assessment in clinical decision-making.
AVATAR 2.0: next level communication systems for radiotherapy through face-to-face video, biofeedback, translation, and audiovisual immersion
Authors: Schulz Joseph B. , Zalavari Laszlo , Gutkin Paulina , Jiang Alice , Wang Yi-Peng , Gibson Clinton , Garza Aaron , Bush Karl K. , Wang Lei , Donaldson Sarah Susan , Loo Billy W. , Hiniker Susan M. , Skinner Lawrie 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis paper discusses an advanced version of our audiovisual-assisted therapeutic ambience in radiotherapy (AVATAR) radiolucent display systems designed for pediatric radiotherapy, enabling anesthesia-free treatments, video communication, and biofeedback. The scope of the AVATAR system is expanded here in two major ways: (i) through alternative mounting systems to accommodate a broader range of radiotherapy machines (specifically to fit robotic-arm and toroidal geometry photon radiotherapy and proton radiotherapy systems) and (ii) through additional hardware to provide video-calling, optimized audio for clear communication, and combined video inputs for biofeedback, translation, and other advanced functionalities.Methods and materialsBecause robustness requires strong parts and radio-transparency requires thin, light parts, three-dimensional printing was used to rapidly prototype hollow structures and to iteratively improve robustness. Two system designs were made: one that mounts superior and another that mounts inferior to the patient’s head. Radiation dose measurements and calculations were conducted to assess dose perturbations at surface and depth due to the screen.ResultsFor 6-MV volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans, with and without the screen, the mean and maximum dose differences inside the planning target volume were 0.2% and 2.6% of the 200 cGy prescription, respectively. For a single static beam through the screen, the maximum measured excess surface dose was 13.4 ± 0.5%, and the largest measured dose attenuation at 5-cm water-equivalent depth was 2.1 ± 0.2%. These percentages are relative to the dose without the screen at those locations.ConclusionsThe radiolucent screen systems provided here are shown to give minimal dosimetric effects on megavoltage VMAT photon treatments. For static beams, however, surface dose effects should be considered when these beams pass through the thickest components of the screen. Design files are also provided.
Effects of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in children with haematological tumours
Authors: Tang Hui-jiao , Chen Chang-cheng , Hu Wen-ting , Shen Shu-hong , Zeng Jing-qing , Ding Sheng , Deng Zhao-hui 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAsparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) is a major challenge for continuing asparaginase therapy. We aimed to investigate the acute and long-term complications and survival rates related to first and second AAP episodes in Chinese children with haematological malignancies.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed clinical data of children with pancreatitis who received asparaginase chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute mixed cell leukaemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from November 2013 to November 2023.ResultsOf the 76 children included in the study, 12 had local complications (15.79%), with no deaths recorded. Systemic complications manifested in 28 patients (36.84%), resulting in 3 deaths (3.95%). Four patients (5.26%) developed long-term complications (chronic pancreatitis or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). No significant differences in local or long-term complications were recorded between children in the asparaginase re-exposed (n=39) and non-re-exposed (n=45) groups. Among the re-exposed patients, eight (25.81%) experienced a second attack without fatalities or complications. Survival analysis of intermediate- to high-risk patients revealed a significantly higher event-free survival (EFS) rate for the re-exposed group than for the non-re-exposed group. The second AAP episode’s occurrence and severity had no relation to the first AAP episode’s severity, and the second AAP episode was significantly less severe than the first (p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsThe second AAP episode’s occurrence is unrelated to the first AAP episode’s severity, and the second AAP episode’s severity is significantly lower than that of the first. Further, asparaginase therapy could improve EFS in children with intermediate and high-risk ALL.