bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical marginal gap and internal fit of virgilite‐based lithium disilicate glass ceramic veneers with different preparation designs
Authors: Rizk Amr , Abdou Ahmed , Samy Amira Mohammad , Mahmoud Nouran , Omar Sarah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare internal fit and marginal adaptation of conventional lithium disilicate (LDS) glass ceramics and LDS containing virgilite computer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) blocks before and after aging.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two epoxy replicated dies from two prepared maxillary right central incisors acrylic typodont were divided into two groups of different preparation designs (n = 36): Group I, incisal butt‐joint, and Group P, incisal overlap. Each group was further subdivided into two equal groups according to ceramic material (n = 18): Group E, IPS e.max CAD, and Group T, Tessera advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) CAD‐CAM blocks. The replica technique was used to assess the internal fit using a stereomicroscope at 45× magnification. Laminate veneers were cemented to their corresponding epoxy dies, then the vertical marginal gap was evaluated before and after thermal cycling. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for marginal fit data and 2‐way ANOVA for internal fit measurements (α = 0.05).ResultsFor internal fit, there were no significant differences between tested groups. For vertical marginal gap results, two‐way ANOVA showed that only aging had a significant effect on the vertical marginal gap (p < 0.001), while different CAD‐CAM materials and preparation designs did not affect the vertical marginal gap.ConclusionsThe vertical marginal gap and internal fits of IPS e.max CAD and CEREC Tessera CAD for both preparation designs were comparable. Aging significantly affected the vertical marginal gap of the laminate veneers of both materials and both preparation designs; however, all were within clinically acceptable ranges before and after aging.
Cytosolic Factors Controlling PASTA Kinase‐Dependent ReoM Phosphorylation
Authors: Rothe Patricia , Wamp Sabrina , Rosemeyer Lisa , Rismondo Jeanine , Doellinger Joerg , Gründling Angelika , Halbedel Sven 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBacteria adapt the biosynthesis of their envelopes to specific growth conditions and prevailing stress factors. Peptidoglycan (PG) is the major component of the cell wall in Gram‐positive bacteria, where PASTA kinases play a central role in PG biosynthesis regulation. Despite their importance for growth, cell division and antibiotic resistance, the mechanisms of PASTA kinase activation are not fully understood. ReoM, a recently discovered cytosolic phosphoprotein, is one of the main substrates of the PASTA kinase PrkA in the Gram‐positive human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Depending on its phosphorylation, ReoM controls proteolytic stability of MurA, the first enzyme in the PG biosynthesis pathway. The late cell division protein GpsB has been implicated in PASTA kinase signalling. Consistently, we show that L. monocytogenes prkA and gpsB mutants phenocopied each other. Analysis of in vivo ReoM phosphorylation confirmed GpsB as an activator of PrkA leading to the description of structural features in GpsB that are important for kinase activation. We further show that ReoM phosphorylation is growth phase‐dependent and that this kinetic is reliant on the protein phosphatase PrpC. ReoM phosphorylation was inhibited in mutants with defects in MurA degradation, leading to the discovery that MurA overexpression prevented ReoM phosphorylation. Overexpressed MurA must be able to bind its substrates and interact with ReoM to exert this effect, but the extracellular PASTA domains of PrkA or MurJ flippases were not required. Our results indicate that intracellular signals control ReoM phosphorylation and extend current models describing the mechanisms of PASTA kinase activation.
Association between obesity paradox in the all‐cause mortality among patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy device
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Yanpiset Panat , Wannaphut Chalothorn , Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Rujirachun Pongprueth , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Polpichai Natchaya , Saowapa Sakditad , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Charoenngam Nipith , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated an obesity paradox, where obese patients with cardiovascular disease have a better outcome compared to those with normal weight. However, the effect of obesity and body mass index (BMI) on the outcome of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate this relationship using all available published data.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies from Medline and EMBASE databases from inception to January 2024. Eligible studies must investigate the association between BMI status and all‐cause mortality in individuals with CRT devices. Relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs were retrieved from each study and combined using the generic inverse variance method.ResultsA total of 12 cohort studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis showed that overweight and obesity patients had lower all‐cause mortality compared to those with normal body weight with the pooled risk ratios (RR) for overweight of 0.77 (95% CI 0.69–0.87, I2 47%) and for obesity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.67–0.97, I2 59%). Conversely, the underweight exhibited higher all‐cause mortality than the group with normal weight, with a pooled RR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.14–1.64, I2 0%). Additionally, higher BMI as continuous data was associated with decreased all‐cause mortality, with a pooled HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.89–0.98, I2 72%).ConclusionsThe pooled analyses observed an obesity paradox in patients with CRT, where overweight and obesity were associated with reduced all‐cause mortality, while underweight individuals exhibited higher all‐cause mortality. Further research is necessary to investigate the underlying mechanisms and their implications for clinical practice.
Spontaneous fluctuation in atrial fibrillation burden and duration in patients with implantable loop monitors
Authors: Mekary Wissam , Campbell Martin , Bhatia Neal K. , Westerman Stacy , Shah Anand , Leal Miguel , Delurgio David , Patel Anshul M. , Tompkins Christine , El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Merchant Faisal M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost studies of device‐detected atrial fibrillation (AF) have recommended indefinite anticoagulation once a patient crosses a particular threshold for AF duration or burden. However, durations and burdens are known to fluctuate over time, but little is known about the magnitude of spontaneous fluctuations and the potential impact on anticoagulation decisions.ObjectiveTo quantify spontaneous fluctuations in AF duration and burden in patients with implantable loop recorders (ILRs)MethodsWe reviewed all ILR interrogations for patients with non‐permanent AF at our institution from 2018 to 2023. We excluded patients treated with rhythm control. The duration of longest AF episode at each interrogation was classified as < 6, 6–24, and > 24 h, and the AF burden reported at each interrogation was classified as < 2%, 2%–11.4%, and > 11.4%.ResultsOut of 156 patients, the mean age at ILR implant was 70.9 ± 12.5 years, CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 4.2 ± 1.8, duration of ILR follow‐up was 23.4 ± 11.2 months, and number of ILR interrogations per patient was 18.0 ± 8.9. The duration of longest AF episode at any point during follow‐up was < 6 , 6–24 , and > 24 h in 110, 30, and 16 patients, respectively. Among the 30 patients with a longest AF episode of 6–24 h at some point during follow‐up, out of 594 total ILR interrogations, only 75 (12%) showed a longest episode of 6–24 h. In the remaining 519 interrogations, the longest episode was < 6 h. In patients with a longest episode of > 24 h at any point during follow‐up (n = 16), only 47 out of 320 total ILR interrogations (15%) showed an episode of > 24 h. When evaluating AF burden, 96, 38, and 22 patients had maximum reported AF burdens of < 2%, 2%–11.4%, and > 11.4% at any point during ILR follow‐up. Among those with a maximum burden of 2%–11.4% at some point during follow‐up (n = 38), out of 707 ILR interrogations, only 76 (11%) showed a burden of 2%–11.4%. In the remaining 631 interrogations, the burden was < 2%. In the 22 patients with a burden > 11.4% at some point during follow‐up, only 80 out of 480 interrogations (17%) showed a burden of > 11.4%. In 65% of interrogations, the burden was < 2%.ConclusionSignificant, spontaneous fluctuations in AF burden and duration are common in patients with ILRs. Even in patients with AF episodes of 6–24 h or > 24 h at some point during follow‐up, the vast majority of interrogations show episodes of < 6 h. Similarly, in patients with burdens of 2%–11.4% or > 11.4% at some point during follow‐up, the vast majority of interrogations show burdens of < 2%. More data are needed to determine whether crossing an AF burden or duration threshold once is sufficient to merit lifelong anticoagulation or whether spontaneous fluctuations in AF burden and duration should impact anticoagulation decisions.
Loss of OsMATE6 Function Enhances Drought Resistance Without Yield Penalty by Regulating Stomatal Closure in Rice
Authors: Chen Si‐Yan , Zhang Zi‐Sheng , Zhang Zheng‐Yi , Sun Liang‐Qi , Fan Shi‐Jun , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Wu Jie , Xia Jin‐Qiu , Yu Jing , Hou Sui‐Wen , Qin Peng , Li Shi‐Gui , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting plant growth and crop yield, necessitating the identification of genes that enhance drought resistance for crop improvement. Through screening an ethyl methyl sulfonate‐mutagenized rice mutant library, we isolated the PEG tolerance mutant 97‐1 (ptm97‐1), which displays enhanced resistance to osmotic and drought stress, and increased yield under drought conditions. A point mutation in OsMATE6 was identified as being associated with the drought‐resistant phenotype of ptm97‐1. The role of OsMATE6 in conferring drought resistance was confirmed by additional OsMATE6 knockout mutants. OsMATE6 is expressed in guard cells, shoots and roots and the OsMATE6‐GFP fusion protein predominantly localizes to the plasma membrane. Our ABA efflux assays suggest that OsMATE6 functions as an ABA efflux transporter; mutant protoplasts exhibited a slower ABA release rate compared to the wild type. We hypothesize that OsMATE6 regulates ABA levels in guard cells, influencing stomatal closure and enhancing drought resistance. Notably, OsMATE6 knockout mutants demonstrated greater yields under field drought conditions compared to wild‐type plants, highlighting OsMATE6 as a promising candidate for improving crop drought resistance.
The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the activities of Initial‐phase Intensive Support Team for Dementia in Kobe City
Authors: Ibi Kyoko , Kubota Mami , Matsuzaki Yoko , Hasegawa Noriko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to review the activities of the Kobe City Initial‐phase Intensive Support Team for Dementia pre‐ and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, to compare the characteristics of the target population and the performance of the team's activities, and determine the impact of the pandemic on the team's project.MethodsThe summary data obtained at the time of consultation, team activities, and participants' characteristics were extracted from 662 participants who started to receive support between April 2018 and March 2022. Statistical analysis was performed by dividing the participants into the following two groups: pre‐ and during COVID‐19 pandemic groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the number of new cases or cases that led to a dementia diagnosis between the pre‐ and during COVID‐19 pandemic groups. However, there were significant differences in the number of home visits and rate of introduction of medical care between the two groups. In our study population, the number of participants with financial management difficulties and delusions increased and the number of participants who refused visitations slightly decreased.ConclusionThe Kobe City Initial‐phase Intensive Support Team was able to continue its activities during the pandemic partly because the team is an independent, dedicated team. During the pandemic, there was an increase in the number of participants who were isolated because they were deprived of opportunities to interact with others, and who developed delusions and other psychiatric symptoms. Despite this situation, the professional team responded quickly through individual assessment of the individual needs by continuous outreach, taking into account the infection situation, and thus this outreach team functioned well even under the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Soil carbon in the boreal region under climate and land use change
Authors: Vallotton Jeremiah D. , Unc Adrian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon cycling in boreal regions is controlled naturally by fire disturbance, climate, hydrology, snowmelt, soil heterogeneity, acidity, low nitrogen and phosphorus availability, mycorrhizal distribution, plant cover, and cryoturbation/permafrost at the northern edge. It is primarily altered by human management via and following land clearance. Each factor interacts with others in complex ways, creating a system characterized by high carbon storage and shaped by natural and anthropogenic disturbance. This paper examines boreal research to answer the question: ‘what are the primary factors controlling boreal carbon cycling?’ Though climate change threatens boreal systems, they may yet be resilient given many natural feedback loops that resist massive carbon loss. Perhaps the greatest danger is land conversion, which causes permanent losses and drastic alteration of certain carbon pools. Accordingly, it might be argued that it would be overall better to implement policies that keep these lands as forests, including managed forests, rather than convert to agriculture. Conversely, farming of marginal boreal soils might be managed to enhance carbon storage while satisfying local food security needs. However, the impact of agriculture on soil carbon storage is yet to be effectively quantified and initial results offer inconsistent assessments, reflected in the as‐yet natural sciences data‐scarce policy development. Research targeting long‐term carbon cycling, land conversion practices, agroforestry, and communication between boreal scientists and other groups (climate scientists, policymakers, public, and farmers) must be addressed through creation of long‐term experiments.
Pre‐ and post‐attachment resistance response of popular western Kenya maize hybrids to parasitism by witchweed (Striga)
Authors: Odero Calvins Okoth , Kibet Willy , Oduor Richard Okoth , Dida Mathews Mito , Runo Steven 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStriga hermonthica (Delile) Benth is a root parasitic weed that causes significant crop losses in cereals in the sub‐Saharan Africa. Host resistance is a sustainable management approach; however, Striga resistance in maize is rare. Furthermore, hybrids, preferred for high yield and other agronomic traits are more susceptible than local landraces. We sought to determine the responses of popular maize hybrids against Striga infection using in vitro germination and rhizotron assays. We screened 16 maize hybrids commonly cultivated in Kenya against two common Striga ecotypes (Kibos and Alupe) by measuring their (i) ability to induce the germination of S. hermonthica seeds in an in vitro system (pre‐attachment resistance) and (ii) ability to resist the attachment and establishment of effective parasitism (post‐attachment resistance). Results showed that two maize hybrids H614D and H629 exhibit both pre‐ and post‐attachment resistance comparable to a Striga resistant landrace KSTP'94 used in this study as a resistant check. Other hybrids displayed moderate Striga resistance; DK8031 (pre‐attachment resistance) and Duma43, phb30G19 and WH507 (post‐attachment resistance). Striga virulence, defined as aggressiveness of the parasite—measured by response to germination and host colonisation, was higher for the Kibos ecotype compared to the Alupe ecotype. However, the resistance pattern of maize genotypes remained consistent across the different Striga ecotypes. These results provide a basis for informed decisions on cultivation of various maize hybrids under Striga infestation in western Kenya.
Heat Transfer Rate Analysis of Hydrogen-Enriched Internal Combustion Engine Under Different Load Conditions
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Ihsan , Rao Anas , Farhan Muhammad , Liu Yongzheng , Fanhua Ma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted on a compressed natural gas internal combustion engine across varying load conditions with 1200rpm, 20% hydrogen, different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and spark timing to capture in-cylinder pressure data and heat transfer rate. The authors compared six distinct models for heat transfer. These models systematically incorporated into a quasi-dimensional combustion model (QDCM) for hydrogen-compressed natural gas engine, accounting for diverse load conditions by using MATLAB code. Convective heat transfer models, including Woschni, Nusselt, Hohenberg, Han, Eichelberg, and Assanis correlations, were employed. Comparative analyses were undertaken to identify the most precise correlation for predicting engine in-cylinder pressure and heat transfer rates with experimental results across a broad spectrum of operational conditions. The Woschni model, as presented, is most suitable for the QDCM of the hydrogen-compressed natural gas fuel blend, particularly when exhaust gas recirculation is used in, as indicated by the proximity of Taylor length and turbulent intensity coefficients to 1, and the minimal absolute percentage error for indicated mean effective pressure. It’s also observed that the heat transfer rate increases by 13.29% by increasing from 75% to 100% load conditions. Heat transfer rate is increased by increasing the engine load 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% as 49.57 J/deg, 129.26 J/deg, 245.35 J/deg and 250.62 J/deg respectively with woschni model as depicted in figure 13. Heat transfer rate is different for different models with 100% load as 250.62 J/deg, 36.85 J/deg, 16.11 J/deg, 29.46 J/deg, 27.71 J/deg and 15.52 J/deg with Woschni, Nusselt, Hohenberg, han, Eichelberg and Assanis respectively.
Determining the Thermal Properties of Insulating Material Intended for Steering Plasma Beams
Authors: McMasters Robert L. , Keyser Ethan E. , Dinwiddie Ralph B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to determine the thermal properties of three different types of insulating material intended for use in steering plasma beams in nuclear fusion reactors, flash diffusivity tests were conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Using a thermal camera, the temperatures on the non-heated side of the samples were measured over time. Because of the irregular shape of the samples, the traditional flash diffusivity analysis would not yield accurate results. Therefore, three-dimensional numerical models were generated for each sample. The temperature histories that resulted from the flash diffusivity tests were then fitted by employing the three-dimensional models generated using ANSYS. Various models involving convective and radiative heat losses from the sample surfaces were compared, including a model accounting for penetration of the flash beyond the surface of the semi-porous materials. A significant improvement in the standard deviation of the residuals resulted from the application of the models which accounted for convection and flash penetration. The differences in the resulting thermal diffusivity values ranged from 17 percent to 46 percent from the values obtained using the traditional Parker analysis method for the three types of materials. Plots of the residuals are included to show the improvements gained by the use of the higher-order models.
Modeling and Simulation of Aerodynamic Nosecone Ablation
Authors: Mehmedagic Igbal , Thangam Siva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work deals with the modeling and simulation of ablation in aerodynamic heating of a highspeed projectile. Generic projectiles with plastic hollow nosecones (for housing the radar system) in supersonic flight are considered for the purpose of developing efficient designs for high-speed projectiles. Computations are performed using the shear-stress transport (SST) k-omega model that is widely used for many aerodynamic applications. The time-averaged equations of motion and energy are solved using the modeled form of transport equations for the turbulence kinetic energy and specific turbulent dissipation rate with an efficient finite-volume algorithm. The possible melting and phase change during flight conditions are modeled in the context projectile design. Modeling liquidized material flow by ablation along the solid surface of the supersonic projectile uses a multiphase treatment of the plastic nosecone melt material under influence of the high velocity gas. The model considers stratified/free-surface flow in which two immiscible fluids are separated by a clearly defined interface. Computational findings show that a commonly used plastic nosecone material would ablate during high-speed flights. The magnitude of ablation, changes to the shape and resultant aerodynamic penalty for the projectile are quantified and discussed.
Gas Species Separation of the Vortex Tube With Six Nozzle-Driven Vortex
Authors: Trinh Ngoc Van , Nghiem Quan Thien Phan , Kim Younghyeon , Pae Wansung , Yu Sangseok 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Emissions of greenhouse gases are rising due to resource depletion caused by fossil fuel usage. While these novel and renewable technologies are being investigated, Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is being created to lower carbon dioxide. CCS technology allows for capturing, transporting, and storing greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels. Vortex tubes are a contender for CO2 separation via cryogenics with flow vortex. This study is designed to investigate the basic features of vortex tubes for gas separation by flow characteristics.
The key factors considered were the CO2 mass fraction and mixed gas pressure. Using a six-nozzle generator, these metrics verified the temperature and CO2 separation in the vortex tube. When the pressure of the mixture gas was at 3 bar at the horizontal arrangement for the six-nozzle generator, the temperature separation also increased simultaneously. With a cold flow ratio at 3 pressure, the temperature and CO2 concentration peaked. Additionally, when the system was running at 3 bar, there was a peak CO2 separation at the cold outlet. As a result, the separation of various pressures was evaluated at 20% of the CO2 mass fraction. For the six-nozzle generator with a 3-bar inlet pressure, the CO2 separation performed best at the cold outlet at a cold mass flow ratio of 0.3.