bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic analysis of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strains from olive and almond trees in Argentina
Authors: Fernandez Franco Daniel , Arias-Giraldo Luis , Tolocka Patricia , Guzmán Fabiana , Olivares Concepcion , Roca Monica , Otero Maria Laura , Conci Luis Rogelio , Landa Blanca , Haelterman Raquel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a Gram-negative bacterium that significantly threatens agricultural crops worldwide. In Argentina, severe symptoms resembling those of olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) in Italy have been observed in Xf-infected olive orchards, primarily affecting the 'Arauco' variety in La Rioja province. All Xf strains identified in Argentina, up to now, belong to the subspecies pauca (Xfp), with two sequence types (ST69 and ST78) identified so far. In this study, the complete circularized genomes of three Xf strains, isolated from olive (OLI17A, AM2-Angelina; from ST 69) and almond (ALM4; from ST78) infected trees in different regions in Argentina, were obtained using a hybrid assembly approach combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina sequencing. Comparative genome analysis revealed collinearity between two strains (AM2-Angelina and OLI17A), while the ALM4 strain exhibited a large chromosome inversion in comparison to the AM2-Angelina and OLI17A genomes. The three genomes encoded numerous virulence genes involved in twitching motility and adhesion; although some strains lacked some anti-virulence factors such as prtA gene. Plasmids similar to those found in Xf strains isolated from citrus in South America and from olive trees in Europe were also identified. Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the Xf Argentinean strains were genetically differentiated from those found in other countries. These strains formed a separated group within the Xfp strains sequenced so far. Nevertheless, they were closely related to strains from citrus previously reported in Argentina and Brazil. The availability of these genomes will provide valuable insights for future studies on comparative genomics, virulence mechanisms, and epidemiology of Xf outbreaks in Argentina and elsewhere.
Separating prediction and explanation: anapproach based on Explainable ArtificialIntelligence for analyzing network intrusions
Authors: Wan Xinhao , Xue Gang , Zhong Yiming , Wang Zhicheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Intrusion detection maintains the normal activity of the network system by identifying abnormal connections, while intrusion analysis further identifies specific types of abnormality. The current intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have connected intrusion detection, intrusion analysis, and intrusion processing in series so that the system can address network intrusion behaviors of attackers promptly. Most IDSs are constructed with complex models to achieve high-precision intrusion detection and intrusion analysis tasks. The generation of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) helps to aid in understanding the decision logic of the prediction of IDS for unknown data. It also helps to establish a plausible criterion for further categorized predictions of the type of abnormal data. With this in mind, this paper proposes an XAI-based approach for analyzing network intrusion by the contribution of features of data to prediction results. The Shapely values are used to represent these contributions and are derived from SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Specific classification criterion is extracted from these contributions for analyzing unknown types of abnormal data. We conducted experiments on seven publicly available intrusion detection datasets. The experimental results have shown that the approach can realize the effective analysis of abnormal data while ensuring high-accuracy detection of network intrusion data. At the same time, when compared to autoencode and decision tree (DT) which with both prediction and explanation, the proposed approach can get a better overall performance in intrusion detection and intrusion analysis tasks.
Is CD27 Ligand the Cause of the Increased Incidence of Epilepsy? A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Liang Chen , Guo Shiwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Epilepsy, a persistent neurological disorder, involves complex pathogenic processes where immunological factors may contribute. The role of CD27 ligand in epilepsy remains unknown. This investigation assesses whether CD27 ligand causally influence generalized and focal epilepsy using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods
We utilized GWAS summary data for CD27 ligand and for both types of epilepsy. Instrumental variables (IVs) were identified following the standard criteria of MR. The primary MR approach employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by four additional MR techniques to ensure comprehensive analysis. Extensive sensitivity testing was undertaken to ensure the robustness of the results.
Results
Findings from the IVW method indicate that an increase by one standard deviation in the level of CD27 ligand elevates the risk of focal epilepsy by 16.6% (OR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.004–1.354, P = 0.045) and generalized epilepsy by 18.6% (OR = 1.186, 95% CI: 1.063–1.323, P = 0.0023). Parallel results were observed with the four supplementary MR methods. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings to be consistent and not influenced by pleiotropy or other biases.
Conclusion
This MR analysis reveals a causal link between elevated levels of CD27 ligand and an increased risk of epilepsy, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for intervention. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
Use of Modern Contraceptive Methods Among Women of Childbearing Age Who Use Health Services in Abidjan and Agboville (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: ESSIS Esme MARIE LAURE , Cissé Kadari , Kpebo Djoukou Olga Denise 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest maternal mortality rate, with over 542 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. This rate is estimated at 315 deaths per 100,000 live births in Côte d'Ivoire (EDS, 2021). Several factors, including low national contraceptive prevalence estimated at 13.9%, contribute to this situation. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the use of modern contraceptive methods (MCM) among women of childbearing age attending health services. Methodology: we conducted a cross-sectional study of 605 women of childbearing age in five health centers in Abidjan and Agboville from December 2018 to September 2019. MCM use was defined as "being on modern contraception in the survey period". Modified Poisson regression was applied to identify factors associated with MCM use using STATA version 15 software. Results A total of 605 women participated in our study, 45% of them aged 15–24 years. The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 36%. Some 56% of clients had received family planning (FP) information at health centers. MCM use was associated with educational level (primary: adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR): 2.1 (95%CI: 1.15–3.82); secondary: (aPR): 2.40 (95%CI: 1.31–4.36); higher (aPR): 2.42 (95%CI: 1.33–4.41)), information received about FP [(aPR): 5.56 (95%CI: 2.78–11.10)] and peer pressure [(aPR): 1.39 (95%CI: 1.12–1.72)]. Conclusion FP programs should strengthen communication on FP, particularly through counseling sessions, and ensure that every opportunity for contact with health centers is seized to give women the right information on contraceptive methods. Measures should also be taken to increase girls' school enrolment and keep them in school.
Research on of the nonlinear resonance response of the high-speed spindle system supported by preloaded ball bearings
Authors: Fang Bin , Zhang Jin-hua , Wan Shao-ke , Yan Ke , Hong Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the nonlinear resonance response of the high-speed spindle system supported by preloaded ball bearings. Firstly, the nonlinear stiffness characteristic of the ball bearing-rotor system is studied based on the analysis of the contact nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity generated by supporting ball bearings. Secondly, a simplified rigid rotor system is built to discuss its nonlinear "soft-spring" and "hard-spring" stiffness effects across varying speeds and external loads. Thirdly, the nonlinear resonance response mechanism of the spindle system near its 1st -order equivalent linear resonance frequency is predicted, and the effect of "soft-spring" and "hard-spring" stiffness characteristics on its resonance response mechanism is detailed analyzed. Finally, a hybrid-supported experimental spindle system is built to verify the theoretical prediction results on the nonlinear resonance response of the preloaded ball bearing-rotor system. The results show that the resonance response curves of the rotor system exhibit the leftward "bending" characteristic corresponding to the "soft spring" stiffness effect under the low speed and light load ranges, while exhibit the rightward "bending" characteristic corresponding to the "hard spring" stiffness effect under the high speed and heavy load ranges.
Exploring the Impact of Sodium Acetate on Growth, Carotenoids, β-carotene, and Lipid Composition Profile in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Gedela Ravi , Dasu Veeranki Venkata , Pakshirajan Kannan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lipids, carotenoids, and β-carotene are produced by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Further optimization experiments were carried out by analyzing the substrate utilization of yeast medium supplemented with different sources of carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and sodium acetate. Additional screening was carried out in batch shake flasks to examine the effects of various nitrogen sources, phosphate concentrations, and sodium acetate. Notably, when sodium acetate was supplied as an additional carbon source in the medium, remarkable improvements in the production of key compounds were seen, such as the highest yield of cell dry weight (CDW) was 1.65 ± 0.94 gL⁻¹, with a lipid output of 66.53% (w/w), showing a substantial quantity of lipid accumulation in comparison to the biomass. The lipid concentration was 2.48 ± 1.03 gL⁻¹. Furthermore, 5.84 ± 0.05 µg g⁻¹ of β-carotene and 37.66 ± 2.13 µg g⁻¹ of carotenoids were produced. The following were observed in batch reactor fed with sodium acetate 5.02 ± 0.83 gL⁻¹ for cell dry weight (CDW); 3.30 ± 0.27 gL⁻¹ for lipid concentration; 65.73 ± 0.81% (w/w) for lipid content; 40.33 ± 1.84 µg g⁻¹ for carotenoid synthesis; and 17.63 ± 0.32 µg g⁻¹ for β-carotene production. Fed-batch bioreactor using sodium acetate, R. mucilaginosa produced significant levels of biomass, lipids, and carotenoids, including β-carotene 48.36 ± 1.14 µg g⁻¹ of carotenoids, 21.38 ± 1.14 µg g⁻¹ of β-carotene, a lipid concentration of 4.06 ± 0.17 gL⁻¹, and a lipid content of 68.58 ± 1.95%.
Hidden allies: Decoding the core endohyphal bacteriome of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Piontkivska Daryna , Jorge João M.P. , Mil-Homens Dalila , Martins Tiago M. , Crespo Pedro , Carvalho Dinah , Melo-Cristino José , Sá-Leão Raquel , Goldman Gustavo H. , Pereira Cristina Silva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacterial-fungal interactions that influence the behavior of one or both organisms are common in nature. Well-studied systems include endosymbiotic relationships that range from transient (facultative) to long-term (obligate) associations. Diverse endohyphal bacteria associate with fungal hosts, emphasizing the need to better comprehend the fungal bacteriome. We evaluated the hypothesis that the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus harbors an endohyphal community of bacteria that influence the host phenotype. We analyzed whether 39 A. fumigatus strains, mainly clinical isolates, show stable association with diverse endohyphal bacteria. All fungal strains analyzed were derived from single-conidium cultures that were subjected to antibiotic and heat treatments.
Results
The fungal bacteriome, inferred through analysis of bacterial diversity within the fungal strains (short- and long- read sequencing methods), revealed the presence of core endohyphal bacterial genera (≤ 19). Microscopic analysis further confirmed the presence of endobacteria within the hyphae of distinct fungal strains. The fungal strains exhibited high genetic diversity and phenotypic heterogeneity in terms of drug susceptibility and virulence (using Galleria mellonella as an infection model). No correlations were observed between genomic or functional traits and bacteriome diversity. However, the abundance of the Bryobacter genus exhibited a positive correlation with fungal virulence; and the presence of other bacteria genera was correlated with posaconazole susceptibility. Based on the genetic pool of the endobacteriome of A. fumigatus both the functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa and the metabolic space could be predicted showing functional roles in major categories, for example, nitrogen fixation and chemoheterotrophy.
Conclusions
These observations suggest intricated metabolic dependencies between fungal strains and their endohyphal bacteria partners. Our study emphasizes the existence of complex interactions between fungi and bacteria and the need to better understand the relationship between endohyphal bacteria and fungal virulence.
The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Ajay , Subedi Sarita , Nepal Bijeta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: The increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a growing global health concern. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobialsusceptibility patterns of these bacteria isolated at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.
Methods: This study included 629 nonduplicate Enterobacteriaceaeisolates, collected from various clinical specimens at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal, between February and November 2020. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess their AMR.
Results: Among the 629 Enterobacteriacaeisolates, E. coli was the most common (69.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.9%). E. colishowed the highest resistance to penicillins (95.0%), followed by macrolides (70.0%), folate pathway inhibitors (63.6%), cephalosporins (62.6%), fluoroquinolone (61.6%), β-lactamase inhibitors (53.8%), carbapenems (30.8%), and aminoglycosides (21.4%). K. pneumoniae also had the highest resistance to penicillins (88.9%), followed by nitrofurans (67.7%), cephalosporins (67.2%), β-lactamase inhibitors (53.3%), folate pathway inhibitors (45.8%), carbapenems (20.8%) and aminoglycosides (19.7%). Polymyxins were the most effective antibiotics against both pathogens. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73.6% of E. coli and 69.6% of K. pneumoniae.
Conclusion: This study underscores the high level of drug resistance in Nepal, highlighting the urgent need for better infection control.
LLMs for Closed-Library Multi-Document Query, Test Generation, and Evaluation
Authors: Randolph Maj Claire , Michaleas Adam , Ricke Darrell O. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Learning complex, detailed, and evolving knowledge is a challenge in multiple technical professions. Relevant source knowledge is contained within many large documents and information sources with frequent updates to these documents. Knowledge tests need to be generated on new material and existing tests revised, tracking knowledge base updates. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a framework for artificial intelligence-assisted knowledge acquisition and continued learning. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) provides a framework to leverage available, trained LLMs combined with technical area-specific knowledge bases. Herein, two methods are introduced, which together enable effective implementation of LLM-RAG question-answering on large documents. Additionally, the AI tools for knowledge intensive tasks (AIKIT) solution is presented for working with numerous documents for training and continuing education. AIKIT is provided as a containerized open source solution that deploys on standalone, high performance, and cloud systems. AIKIT includes LLM, RAG, vector stores, relational database with a Ruby on Rails web interface.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU SUPLEMEN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN TAHAN GEMPA PADA DASAR DESAIN PEMODELAN DAN INFORMASI BANGUNAN DI SMK/SMKI
Authors: Novyanti Yuwita , Rahmayanti Henita , Widiasanti Irika 
Published: September 2024

Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) umum serta Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Islam (SMKI) merupakan siswa yang harus sigap dalam situasi apapun termasuk ketika bencana terjadi. Salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi adalah gempa bumi. Siswa SMK/SMKI dengan program keahlian Desain Pemodelan dan Informasi Bangunan merupakan program keahlian yang lulusannya dapat melakukan pekerjaan sebagai juru gambar dalam pekerjaan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan bangunan. Hal ini ditunjang dengan pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki siswa SMK/SMKI tersebut terkait meminimalisir efek yang ditimbulkan bencana gempa bumi terhadap rumah tinggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku suplemen struktur bangunan tahan gempa yang bisa diterapkan pada mata pelajaran Dasar-dasar Desain Pemodelan dan Informasi Bangunan. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan atau Research and Development (R & D) dengan model ADDIE yang dibatasi sampai tahap development yang berisi validasi produk oleh para ahli. Validasi yang dilakukan meliputi validasi Media, Materi dan Bahasa yang keseluruhannya dihitung menggunakan formula Aiken’s V. Hasil validasi ahli media diperoleh 0.87 yang berarti validitas sangat tinggi, ahli materi sejumlah 0.83 termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi dan ahli bahasa diperoleh 0.83 yang termasuk dalam kategori validitas sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan uraian hasil analisis tersebut, diperoleh nilai rata-rata total 0.84. Nilai termasuk termasuk kedalam kategori ‘’valid’’ (0.67 ≤ V ≤ 1). Artinya, ketiga ahli memberikan penilaian yang cenderung konsisten dan sesuai dengan indikator penilaian.
Education for Peace in the World of New Media
Authors: Karyń Anita 
Published: September 2024

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia nowych mediów dla edukacji do pokoju we wciąż zmieniającym się i niepewnym świecie. W tekście podkreślono znaczenie i potencjał edukacyjny związany z rozwojem technologicznym oraz zdefiniowano zagrożenia, które towarzyszą i są związane z rozwojem i wszechobecnością nowych mediów w życiu człowieka. Podkreślono, że wychowanie do pokoju w świecie nowych mediów stanowi istotny problem pedagogiczny. Nowe media coraz silniej określają poziom krytycznej refleksji związanej z wszelkimi przemianami kulturowymi, społecznymi i technologicznymi. Odkrywanie i propagowanie wartości pokoju w świecie nowoczesnych mediów odbywa się w zupełnie nowych przestrzeniach i perspektywach. Przy użyciu nowoczesnej technologii nowe media wygenerowały nową przestrzeń życia człowieka umożliwiając między innymi głębszą i bardziej rzetelną refleksję nad wychowaniem do pokoju. Niestety oprócz możliwości jakie wygenerowały nowe media dla wychowania do pokoju pojawiły się również zagrożenia z którymi musimy się jako społeczeństwo zmierzyć.
Wychowanie do pokoju w świecie nowych mediów jest procesem dynamicznym, który wymaga ciągłego rozwoju oraz zaangażowania. Jest to zadanie nie tylko dla szkół czy instytucji edukacyjnych. Wyzwanie to dotyczy całego społeczeństwa. Odpowiedzialność zatem spoczywa na wszystkich podmiotach biorących udział w szeroko rozumianym wychowaniu.
Correlation between Honey Parameters and Wound Healing Properties: The Case of Piedmont (Italy) Samples
Authors: Martinotti Simona , Bonsignore Gregorio , Patrone Mauro , Ranzato Elia 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Honey possesses several positive properties, making it effective in
wound healing mechanisms. However, very little information is available on the different honey
types for wound healing activity.

Methods:
In the first “Academy of Sciences”, a public engagement project with high school
students, we assessed the properties of thirteen kinds of honey from the Piedmont area (Nord
West Italy). In particular, we characterized the color intensity (by Pfund scale), total phenolic
content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), H2O2 production, and wound closure rate.

Results:
Then, we tried to verify the presence of a correlation between these parameters, finding
a positive correlation between H2O2 and wound closure rate.

Conclusion:
These data pave the way to characterize different types of Italian honey to completely
understand its potential.
Covalent Docking for Novel Series of Spiro-butenolides on Trx R1 for QSAR Modelling
Authors: Yudina Veronika , Zozulya Alexander , Chupakhin Evgeny , In Dmitry Dar 
Published: September 2024

Background
The biological activity of the new series of 1'H,5H-spiro[furan-2,4'-isoquinoline]-1',3',5(2'H)-triones and their selectivity for selenocysteine inspired us to create a QSAR model for design new thioredoxin reductase inhibitors.

Method
Pharmacophore modelling, QSAR and PLS, Molecular descriptor calculation

Results
The article provides an example of an analysis of the dependence of molecular descriptors and their relationship with the results of covalent docking for thioredoxin reductase. The constructed model makes it possible to predict the activity and selectivity of new electron-deficient olefins towards thioredoxin reductase.

Conclusion
A small set of molecular descriptors of shape, charges on carbon atoms and energy values of molecular orbitals makes it possible to quickly calculate the concentration of half-inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and allows the selection of molecules for subsequent synthesis.
Pengaruh Brand Image, social media Marketing Features, Dan Online Consumer Review Terhadap Purchase Decision
Authors: Saputri Dela Marselina Nur 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research is to identify the effects of brand image, social media marketing features, and online consumer review on the decision of university students in Malang City to purchase Wardah powder products. This explanatory research elucidates the causal relationship stating that variable X influences variable Y. Using nonprobability method and purposive technique, 165 active university students in Malang City with the minimum age of seventeen years who are active in social media and use Wardah powder were selected as the respondents. This study uses instrument test, classical assumption test, and multiple linear regression, performed in IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. The results of the hypothesis testing demonstrate that brand image, social media marketing features, and online consumer review significantly influence the decision of university-student users in Malang City to purchase Wardah powder products.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh brand image, social media marketing features dan online consumer review terhadap purchase decision produk bedak Wardah pada mahasiswi di Kota Malang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research yang menjelaskan hubungan kausal sebab-akibat yang dapat menyatakan bahwa variabel X mempengaruhi variabel Y. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling dengan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 165 responden dengan karakteristik responden usia minimal 17 tahun, mahasiswi aktif pada perguruan tinggi di Kota Malang, pengguna produk bedak Wardah dan pengguna aktif social media. Uji yang digunakan diantaranya uji instrumen penelitian, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis. Analisis data menggunakan alat bantu IBM SPSS Statistics versi 25. Dari hasil pengujian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa variabel brand image, social media marketing features dan online consumer review berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase decision produk bedak Wardah pada mahasiswi di Kota Malang.