bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Two decades of critical inquiry
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2017

Pacific Journalism Review is far more than a research journal. As an independent publication, it has given strong support to investigative journalism, socio-political journalism, political economy of the media, photojournalism and political cartooning in its two decades of publishing, which have all been strongly reflected in the character of the journal. It has also been a champion of journalism practice-as-research methodologies and strategies, as reflected especially in its Frontline section, initiated by one of the co-editors of this volume, Wendy Bacon. Barry King and Philip Cass are also co-editors and have been key contributors at various stages. Many people have contributed to developing PJR along the way and I will try to do justice over their roles.Pacific Journalism Review collaborators on board the vaka: From left: Pat Craddock, Chris Nash, Lee Duffield, Trevor Cullen, Philip Cass, Wendy Bacon, Tui O'Sullivan, Shailendra Singh, Del Abcede, Kevin Upton (in cycle crash helmet), and David Robie. Riding the sail: Mark Pearson, Campion Ohasio, Ben Bohane, Allison Oosterman and John Miller. Also: Barry King (on water skis) and the cartoonist, Malcolm Evans, riding a dolphin. © 2014 Malcolm Evans/Pacific Journalism Review
Media freedom in Fiji: Journalism challenges facing Wansolwara, an independent, campus-based newspaper
Authors: Drugunalevu Eliki , Manarae Irene 
Published: March 2017

This article is a case study of Wansolwara, the University of the South Pacific (USP) journalism programme student training newspaper. The article compares the outcomes of Wansolwara’s coverage of the 2000 and 2006 Fiji coups in relation to student learning and an alternative media voice in a climate of restrictions. Interviews with student journalists and lecturers involved in the coup coverage indicate that Wansolwara’s status as a campus-based newspaper has been a strategic benefit in filling some gaps in mainstream media reporting, besides providing students with empowering learning experiences. The case study illustrates the importance of an independent, campus-based newspaper somewhat less restrained by commercial pressures and less exposed to direct state coercion.
Frontline: The Rainbow Warrior, secrecy and state terrorism: A Pacific journalism case study
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2017

France detonated 193 of a total of 210 nuclear tests in the South Pacific, at Moruroa and Fangataufa atolls, before halting them in 1996 in the face of Pacific-wide protests. On 10 July 1985, French secret agents bombed the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior in Auckland Harbour, killing photographer Fernando Pereira, in a futile bid to stop a protest flotilla going to Moruroa. The author was on board the Rainbow Warrior for more than 10 weeks of her last voyage. He was awarded the 1985 New Zealand Media Peace Prize for reportage and investigations into the ‘Rainbow Warrior and Rongelap Evacuation’. The following year, the author’s book Eyes of Fire told the inside story of state terrorism in the Pacific. He has subsequently reflected on a 20-year legal struggle by Television New Zealand and other media campaigners to prevent the French spies gagging reportage of their guilty plea from a public video record and the lingering secrecy about the health legacy of nuclear tests in the Pacific. In the context of the Frontlineproject for journalism as research, his work inspired a microsite—a community-driven collaborative project in 2015 coordinated by the publishers, Little Island Press, interrogating participants over a three-decade period and ‘challenging the nature of mainstream media in New Zealand’ with an alternative reader’s media model.
A Social Relations Model for the Colonial Behavior of the Zebra Finch
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Olderbak Sally Gayle , Moreno Vanya Alessandra 
Published: March 2017

A social relations model was developed for 5 years of behavioral recordings from a captive colony of Zebrafinches (Taeniopygia guttata). A quantitative ethogram was applied, using one-zero focal animal sampling on an ethologically comprehensive checklist of 52 behavioral items (Figueredo, Petrinovich, & Ross, 1992). Of the 9 ethological factors previously identified, only 4 of the 6 social factors (Social Proximity, Social Contact, Social Submission, and Social Aggression) were used. Major results were as follows: (1) Individual finches showed systematically different response dispositions that were stable over a 5-year period as both subjects and objects of behavior; (2) Interactions between finches differed systematically by the sexes of both the subjects and the objects of behavior; (3) Behavioral interactions between finches and their mates differed systematically according to the subjects' sex, but also differed systematically from those with other members of the objects' sex; (4) Behavioral interactions between finches and their relatives differed systematically between different discrete categories of relatives, but did not vary as a systematic function of either graded genetic relatedness or familiarity due to common rearing; and (5) Behavioral interactions between finches and their relatives showed an overall bias towards preferential interactions with male relatives. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i1_figueredo
Lost and Found, Letters and Methods: Assessing Attitudes toward Chiropractic and Medical Care
Authors: Kern Hannah , Yeaton William H. 
Published: March 2017

Attitudes toward traditional and chiropractic medicine were compared using Milgram's lost letter technique. A total of 192 letters were placed on the windshields of vehicles in parking lots at six restaurants and department stores in each of four quadrants of a medium-sized, Southeastern city. These letters were addressed to "Admissions" at either a fictitious Institute of Medicine or Institute of Chiropractic Care. Return addresses included either a male or a female name. Thus, those who found a lost letter were faced with the option of returning or not returning a letter from either a male or a female, addressed to an Institute of traditional or non-traditional medicine. After examining previous studies which had used the lost letter technique, numerous methodological improvements were implemented. For example, letters were randomly assigned to potential drop spots for each of 24 study locations (six study locations in each of four city quadrants), and a Latin square design was used to control for possible order effects in the four study conditions that were implemented. Nearly 65% of the letters (124 of 192) were returned. We found: 1) letters addressed to a fictitious Institute of Chiropractic Care were just as likely to be returned as those addressed to a fictitious Institute of Medicine; 2) letters with female return addresses were as likely to be returned as those with male return addresses; 3) there was no interaction between study conditions; 4) based on what was essentially a replication study, a comparison of the pattern of returns using the first and second cycle of lost letters (n = 96 for each cycle) revealed an equivalent pattern of no-difference findings. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i1_kern
Hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous leaves extract of Ficus Religiosa in alloxan induced diabetic rats
Authors: Pochhi Mamata , Muddeshwar MG 
Published: March 2017

Background: Medicinal plants provide valuable therapeutic agents,with less adverse effects. A number of indigenous plants were claimed to be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus based on folk medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous leaves extract of F. religiosa in alloxan diabetes albino rats.Aims and Objectives: Therefore, the present thesis aim is in evaluating whether the hyperglycemic condition is related with hyperlipidemia and both these conditions could be controlled by indigenous preparations.Materials and Methods: The aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus religiosa (250 mg/kg) were administered orally for 21 days, in alloxan induced diabetic rats on Glucose, Lipid profile, Lipoproteins and Lipid metabolizing enzymes.Result: The aqueous leaves extract of F. religiosa induced signifi cant improvement in glucose, serum lipids, lipoproteins concentration and lipid metabolizing enzymes activity (Lipase, HMG CoA reductase and LCAT).Conclusion: The present study indicates that the extract of Ficus religiosa exhibits lipid lowering, maintaining lipoproteins concentration and improve the activities of lipid metabolizing enzymes in hyperglycemic rats, by initiating the release of insulin. This study confi rm the possible role of indigenous medicinal plants in the treatment of Diabetes.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(2) 2017 50-55
Visual demonstration of transmission electron microscopy for intracellular observation of a single bacterial cell
Authors: Shukla Shruti , Bajpai Vivek K. 
Published: March 2017

<p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has a profound impact on knowledge and understanding of bacteria and other microbial populations. The 1000-fold improvement in resolution provided by TEM has allowed visualization of bacterial cells. Of all the types of microscopy exploited to date, TEM is the one with the most advantageous resolution limit and therefore it is a very efficient technique for deciphering the cell architecture and relating it to function. This visual experiment aims to provide an overview of the most important technique, TEM that we can apply to a biological sample, tissue or cells, to observe it with an internal structure, from the most conventional to the latest generation. Processes and concepts are defined, and the advantages and disadvantages of the TEM technique are assessed along with the image and information that we can obtain by using each one of them.</p><p><strong>Video Clips:</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/mp1Y8XM0Cyg"><span>Sample preparation: coating, staining and </span><span>critical drying</span></a>: 4 min 36 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/ub5ppV1bgGQ"><span>TEM instrumentation and image analysis</span></a>: 4 min 37 sec</p>
Developing and testing of a screening tool to predict people without IgE-mediated allergy: a quantitative analysis of the predictive value of a screening tool
Authors: Hammersley Victoria S , Harris Jessica , Sheikh Aziz , Davidson Emma , Walker Samantha 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundConsultations in primary care for allergies are common. It can be difficult to differentiate between IgE-mediated (atopic) symptoms — which respond to allergen-specific interventions — and those that are non-atopic, without performing objective tests that are largely unavailable in UK general practice.Aim To develop and test a screening tool that can accurately discriminate between atopic and non-atopic individuals.Design and setting A validation study that took place in 2012 in adult volunteers aged >16 years in Scotland.MethodA questionnaire screening tool was developed using questions from a large cohort study and through consultation with experts. Participants answered the questions and had skin prick tests for four aeroallergens (house dust mite, cat, dog, and mixed grasses). Participants were classified as atopic if any average wheal diameter was ≥3 mm bigger than the negative control. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual and combinations of questions were calculated.ResultsIn all, 143 participants completed the questionnaire and underwent skin prick testing. Of these, 81 (56.6%) were atopic. Negative predictive values for the individual questions ranged from 48.2% (55 not atopic out of 114 negative answers) to 72.0% (18/25). An optimum combination of four questions was identified, in which a negative answer to all four questions was reported by 24 participants, 21 (87.5%) of whom were not atopic.ConclusionThe authors have identified a set of questions that correctly predict negative skin prick tests to common aeroallergens 88% of the time. These may be useful to exclude patients who do not warrant further investigation and who can reliably be advised that allergen avoidance is neither necessary nor helpful.
Searching for Magnetar-powered Merger-novae from Short GRBS
Authors: Gao He , Zhang Bing , Lü Hou-Jun , Li Ye 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The merger of a double neutron star (NS–NS) binary may result in a rapidly rotating massive NS with an extremely strong magnetic field (i.e., a millisecond magnetar). In this case, the magnetic spin-down of the NS remnant provides an additional source of sustained energy injection, which would continuously power the merger ejecta. The thermal emission from the merger ejecta would give rise to a bright optical “magnetar-powered merger-nova.” In this work, we carry out a complete search for magnetar-powered merger-nova from a Swift short gamma-ray burst sample. We focus on short GRBs with extended emission or internal plateau, which may signify the presence of magnetars as the central engine. We eventually find three candidates of magnetar-powered merger-nova from the late observations of GRB 050724, GRB 070714B, and GRB 061006. With standard parameter values, the magnetar remnant scenario could well interpret the multi-band data of all three bursts, including the extended emission and their late chromatic features in the optical and X-ray data. The peak luminosities of these merger-novae reach several times

, more than one order of magnitude brighter than the traditional “kilo-novae” with peak luminosity of

. Intense, multi-color, late-time observations of short GRBs are encouraged to identify more merger-novae in the future.
Seismic Measurement of the Locations of the Base of Convection Zone and Helium Ionization Zone for Stars in the Kepler Seismic LEGACY Sample
Authors: Verma Kuldeep , Raodeo Keyuri , Antia H. M. , Mazumdar Anwesh , Basu Sarbani , Lund Mikkel N. , Aguirre Víctor Silva 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Acoustic glitches are regions inside a star where the sound speed or its derivatives change abruptly. These leave a small characteristic oscillatory signature in the stellar oscillation frequencies. With the precision achieved by Kepler seismic data, it is now possible to extract these small amplitude oscillatory signatures, and infer the locations of the glitches. We perform glitch analysis for all the 66 stars in the Kepler seismic LEGACY sample to derive the locations of the base of the envelope convection zone (CZ) and the helium ionization zone. The signature from helium ionization zone is found to be robust for all stars in the sample, whereas the CZ signature is found to be weak and problematic, particularly for relatively massive stars with large errorbars on the oscillation frequencies. We demonstrate that the helium glitch signature can be used to constrain the properties of the helium ionization layers and the helium abundance.
Variability and Period Analysis for BL Lac AO 0235+164
Authors: Fan J. H. , Kurtanidze O. , Liu Y. , Liu X. , Yang J. H. , Richter G. M. , Nikolashvili M. G. , Kurtanidze S. O. , Wang H. T. , Sasada M. , Zhou A. Y. , Lin C. , Yuan Y. H. , Zhang Y. T. , Costantin D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Variability is one of the extreme observational properties of BL Lacertae objects. AO 0235+164 is a well-studied BL Lac throughout all electromagnetic wavebands. In the present work, we show its optical R-band photometric observations carried out during the period from 2006 November to 2012 December using the Ap6E CCD camera attached to the primary focus of the 70 cm meniscus telescope at Abastumani Observatory, Georgia. During our monitoring period, it showed a large variation of

(14.19–19.07 mag) and a short timescale of

. During the period of 2006 December to 2009 November, we made radio observations of the source using the 25 m radio telescope at Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. By adopting a discrete correlation function to the optical and radio observations we found that the optical variation leads a radio variation of 23.2 ± 12.9 days.
Perpendicular Diffusion of Solar Energetic Particles: Model Results and Implications for Electrons
Authors: Strauss R. Du Toit , Dresing Nina , Engelbrecht N. Eugene 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The processes responsible for the effective longitudinal transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still not completely understood. We address this issue by simulating SEP electron propagation using a spatially 2D transport model that includes perpendicular diffusion. By implementing, as far as possible, the most reasonable estimates of the transport (diffusion) coefficients, we compare our results, in a qualitative manner, to recent observations at energies of 55–105 keV, focusing on the longitudinal distribution of the peak intensity, the maximum anisotropy, and the onset time. By using transport coefficients that are derived from first principles, we limit the number of free parameters in the model to (i) the probability of SEPs following diffusing magnetic field lines, quantified by

, and (ii) the broadness of the Gaussian injection function. It is found that the model solutions are extremely sensitive to the magnitude of the perpendicular diffusion coefficient and relatively insensitive to the form of the injection function as long as a reasonable value of a = 0.2 is used. We illustrate the effects of perpendicular diffusion on the model solutions and discuss the viability of this process as a dominant mechanism by which SEPs are transported in longitude. Lastly, we try to quantity the effectiveness of perpendicular diffusion as an interplay between the magnitude of the relevant diffusion coefficient and the SEP intensity gradient driving the diffusion process. It follows that perpendicular diffusion is extremely effective early in an SEP event when large intensity gradients are present, while the effectiveness quickly decreases with time thereafter.
Large-scale Environmental Dependence of the Abundance Ratio of Nitrogen to Oxygen in Blue, Star-forming Galaxies Fainter than L*
Authors: Douglass Kelly A. , Vogeley Michael S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We examine how the cosmic environment affects the chemical evolution of galaxies in the universe by comparing the N/O ratio of dwarf galaxies in voids with that of dwarf galaxies in denser regions. Ratios of the forbidden [O iii] and [S ii] transitions provide estimates of a region’s electron temperature and number density. We estimate the abundances of oxygen and nitrogen using these temperature and density estimates and the emission-line fluxes [O ii]

, [O iii]

, and [N ii]

with the direct T

e
method. Using spectroscopic observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we are able to estimate the N/O ratio in 42 void dwarf galaxies and 89 dwarf galaxies in denser regions. The N/O ratio for void dwarfs (

) is slightly lower (

) than for dwarf galaxies in denser regions. We also estimate the nitrogen and oxygen abundances of 2050 void galaxies and 3883 galaxies in denser regions with

. These somewhat brighter galaxies (but still fainter than L
*) also display similar minor shifts in the N/O ratio. The shifts in the average and median element abundance values in all absolute magnitude bins studied are in the same direction, suggesting that the large-scale environment may influence the chemical evolution of galaxies. We discuss possible causes of such a large-scale environmental dependence of the chemical evolution of galaxies, including retarded star formation and a higher ratio of dark matter halo mass to stellar mass in void galaxies.
Concurrent Application of ANC and THM to assess the 13C(α, n)16O Absolute Cross Section at Astrophysical Energies and Possible Consequences for Neutron Production in Low-mass AGB Stars
Authors: Trippella O. , Cognata M. La 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The

reaction is considered to be the main neutron source responsible for the production of heavy nuclides (from

to

) through slow n-capture nucleosynthesis (s-process) at low temperatures during the asymptotic giant branch phase of low-mass stars (

, or LMSs). In recent years, several direct and indirect measurements have been carried out to determine the cross section at the energies of astrophysical interest (around

). However, they yield inconsistent results that cause a highly uncertain reaction rate and affect the neutron release in LMSs. In this work we have combined two indirect approaches, the asymptotic normalization coefficient and the Trojan horse method, to unambiguously determine the absolute value of the

astrophysical factor. With these, we have determined a very accurate reaction rate to be introduced into astrophysical models of s-process nucleosynthesis in LMSs. Calculations using this recommended rate have shown limited variations in the production of those neutron-rich nuclei (with

) that receive contribution only by slow neutron captures.
Cosmic-Ray Transport in Heliospheric Magnetic Structures. II. Modeling Particle Transport through Corotating Interaction Regions
Authors: Kopp Andreas , Wiengarten Tobias , Fichtner Horst , Effenberger Frederic , Kühl Patrick , Heber Bernd , Raath Jan-Louis , Potgieter Marius S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The transport of cosmic rays (CRs) in the heliosphere is determined by the properties of the solar wind plasma. The heliospheric plasma environment has been probed by spacecraft for decades and provides a unique opportunity for testing transport theories. Of particular interest for the three-dimensional (3D) heliospheric CR transport are structures such as corotating interaction regions (CIRs), which, due to the enhancement of the magnetic field strength and magnetic fluctuations within and due to the associated shocks as well as stream interfaces, do influence the CR diffusion and drift. In a three-fold series of papers, we investigate these effects by modeling inner-heliospheric solar wind conditions with the numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) framework Cronos (Wiengarten et al., referred as Paper I), and the results serve as input to a transport code employing a stochastic differential equation approach (this paper). While, in Paper I, we presented results from 3D simulations with Cronos, the MHD output is now taken as an input to the CR transport modeling. We discuss the diffusion and drift behavior of Galactic cosmic rays using the example of different theories, and study the effects of CIRs on these transport processes. In particular, we point out the wide range of possible particle fluxes at a given point in space resulting from these different theories. The restriction of this variety by fitting the numerical results to spacecraft data will be the subject of the third paper of this series.
HD 106906: A Case Study for External Perturbations of a Debris Disk
Authors: Nesvold Erika R. , Naoz Smadar , Fitzgerald Michael P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Models of debris disk morphology are often focused on the effects of a planet orbiting interior to or within the disk. Nonetheless, an exterior planetary-mass perturber can also excite eccentricities in a debris disk, via Laplace–Lagrange secular perturbations in the coplanar case or Kozai–Lidov perturbations for mutually inclined companions and disks. HD 106906 is an ideal example of such a a system, as it harbors a confirmed exterior

companion at a projected separation of 650 au outside a resolved, asymmetric disk. We use collisional and dynamical simulations to investigate the interactions between the disk and the companion, and to use the disk’s observed morphology to place constraints on the companion’s orbit. We conclude that the disk’s observed morphology is consistent with perturbations from the observed exterior companion. Generalizing this result, we suggest that exterior perturbers, as well as interior planets, should be considered when investigating the cause of observed asymmetries in a debris disk.