bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the CEIBA Cocktail Designed for Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes be Used in the Rat for Drug Interaction Studies?
Authors: Magalhães Paulo , De Andrés Fernando , Falcão Amílcar , LLerena Adrián , Alves Gilberto 
Published: December 2016

Purpose - The CEIBA cocktail consisting of caffeine (CAF), omeprazole (OZ), dextromethorphan (DM) and losartan (LOS) was previously proposed for the clinical phenotyping of five major human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes. This work aimed to assess the usefulness of CEIBA cocktail to study non-clinical drug interactions in the rat. Methods - Wistar rats were divided into five groups to receive a single-oral dose of each probe drug (CAF, OZ, LOS, DM), individually or in combination as a cocktail. Plasma concentrations of the probe drugs and their metabolites [paraxanthine (1,7-X), 5-hydroxyomeprazole (5-OZ), losartan carboxylic acid (E-3174), dextrorphan (DX) and 3-methoxymorphinan (3-MM)] were determined by LC-MS/MS, and the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. The AUC0-t and Cmax drug/metabolite ratios (phenotypic metrics) were calculated for each probe drug and compared (probe alone versus cocktail). Results - The primary analysis of the pharmacokinetic data suggested the occurrence of pharmacokinetic-based drug interactions when the probe drugs were concurrently administered; such interactions were documented for CAF, 1,7-X, DX and E-3174. Nevertheless, except for the LOS/E-3174 probe drug-metabolite pair (p<0.05), there was little evidence that the probe drugs interacted metabolically as the metabolic ratios calculated were similar in both approaches. Moreover, no evidence was found for relevant pharmacodynamic interactions. Conclusion - CEIBA cocktail seems to be a useful tool to investigate drug interactions involving CYP isoenzymes in the rat, particularly at the level of CYP1A2, CYP2D1/2 and CYP2D2 isoforms using the CAF/1,7-X, OZ/5-OZ and DM/DX metabolic ratios, respectively. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
iSTAR First Light: Characterizing Astronomy Education Research Dissertations In The iSTAR Database
Authors: Slater Stephanie J. , Tatge Coty B. , Bretones Paulo S. , Slater Timothy F. , Schleigh Sharon P. , McKinnon David , Heyer Inge 
Published: December 2016

There is widespread interest among discipline-based science education researchers to situate their research in the existing scholarly literature base. Unfortunately, traditional approaches to conducting a thorough literature review are unduly hindered in astronomy education research as the venues in which scholarship is reported are fragmented and widely dispersed across journals of varying disciplines. The international STudies of Astronomy education Research (iSTAR) online repository is the result of a concerted international community effort to collect and categorize existing research from peer-reviewed journal articles, dissertations/theses, and grey literature. In a “first light” survey of over 300 U.S. dissertations, we find: (i) work in AER dates back to 1923; (ii) the number of extant dissertations is far greater than anticipated; (iii) research methods definitions have evolved; and (iv) most work has studied participants’ broad knowledge rather than specific learning targets. The surprisingly wide breadth of rarely cited research motivates us to collect more AER from across international and cross-disciplinary sources.
Clinical Legal Education in a Dangerous Time
Authors: Buhler Sarah 
Published: December 2016

The theme of this conference is the “risks and rewards of clinical legal education”. When I first heard about this theme, I was particularly struck by the word “risk”. Risk is a word that feels so reflective of our world right now, and I thought I would try to think about where clinical legal education is situated in the larger world of risk and crisis that we inhabit today – what our role is in relation to this world and what the rewards of clinical legal education in our world of risk and endless crisis might be.
Online Clinical Legal Education: Challenging the Traditional Model
Authors: McCrimmon Les , Vickers Ros , Parish Ken 
Published: December 2016

It has been suggested that the “Digital Age provides an opportunity to revitalize and modernize legal education and to make it more individualized, relevant, human, and accessible”. Delivery of law degree programs fully online is one way the internet has begun to change, if not (yet) revolutionise, legal education in the twenty-first century. In Australia, law students have been able to obtain their law degree online for a number of years. Online clinical legal education, however, is still in its infancy.In this article, the authors argue that the greater use of technology in legal education is inevitable, and law schools offering degrees fully online will continue to increase, at least in Australia. The rewards and risks of online legal education are considered from the perspective of a law school in which over 80% of its 855 students study law fully online. The development and implementation of clinical opportunities for students studying online also is discussed.
Transgender Health: New Zealand’s Innovative Statistical Standard for Gender Identity
Authors: Pega Frank , Reisner Sari L. , Sell Randall L. , Veale Jaimie F. 
Published: December 2016

The implementation of the New Zealand government’s recently developed statistical standard for gender identity has led to, and will stimulate further, collection of gender identity data in administrative records, population surveys, and perhaps the census. This will provide important information about the demographics, health service use, and health outcomes of transgender populations to allow evidence-based policy development and service planning. However, the standard does not promote the two-question method, risking misclassification and undercounts; does promote the use of the ambiguous response category “gender diverse” in standard questions; and is not intersex inclusive. Nevertheless, the statistical standard provides a first model for other countries and international organizations, including United Nations agencies, interested in policy tools for improving transgender people’s health.
Lifetime Prevalence of Investigating Child Maltreatment Among US Children
Authors: Kim Hyunil , Wildeman Christopher , Jonson-Reid Melissa , Drake Brett 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To estimate the lifetime prevalence of official investigations for child maltreatment among children in the United States. Methods. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Child Files (2003–2014) and Census data to develop synthetic cohort life tables to estimate the cumulative prevalence of reported childhood maltreatment. We extend previous work, which explored only confirmed rates of maltreatment, and we add new estimations of maltreatment by subtype, age, and ethnicity. Results. We estimate that 37.4% of all children experience a child protective services investigation by age 18 years. Consistent with previous literature, we found a higher rate for African American children (53.0%) and the lowest rate for Asians/Pacific Islanders (10.2%). Conclusions. Child maltreatment investigations are more common than is generally recognized when viewed across the lifespan. Building on other recent work, our data suggest a critical need for increased preventative and treatment resources in the area of child maltreatment.
The Association of a Large-Scale Television Campaign With Exclusive Breastfeeding Prevalence in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tuan T. , Alayón Silvia , Jimerson Ann , Naugle Danielle , Nguyen Phuong H. , Hajeebhoy Nemat , Baker Jean , Baume Carol , Frongillo Edward A. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To examine the association between exposure to breastfeeding television spots and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Methods. We performed face-to-face interviews with 11 722 mothers of infants younger than 6 months using 5 cross-sectional surveys 6 or more months apart between 2011 and 2014 in Vietnam. Sample sizes were 2065 to 2593, and approximately 50% of participants lived in areas with (Alive & Thrive [A&T]-intensive [I]) and approximately 50% without (A&T-nonintensive [NI]) facilities offering counseling services. We analyzed data at individual and commune levels separately for A&T-I and A&T-NI areas. Results. Exposure to television spots was associated with higher EBF in A&T-I (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.70, 4.12) and A&T-NI (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.67) areas. In A&T-I areas, mothers who could recall at least 1 message were more likely to report EBF. In A&T-NI areas, only recall of at least 3 messages was associated with higher EBF. In communes, 1 message recalled (mean score range = 0.3–2.4) corresponded to 17 (P = .005) and 8 (P = .1) percentage points higher EBF prevalence in A&T-I and A&T-NI communes, respectively. Conclusions. Mass media should be part of comprehensive programs to promote EBF.
Transgender Demographics: A Household Probability Sample of US Adults, 2014
Authors: Crissman Halley P. , Berger Mitchell B. , Graham Louis F. , Dalton Vanessa K. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To estimate the proportion of US adults who identify as transgender and to compare the demographics of the transgender and nontransgender populations. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from states and territories in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System that asked about transgender status. The proportion of adults identified as transgender was calculated from affirmative and negative responses (n = 151 456). We analyzed data with a design-adjusted χ2 test. We also explored differences between male-to-female and nontransgender females and female-to-male and nontransgender males. Results. Transgender individuals made up 0.53% (95% confidence interval = 0.46, 0.61) of the population and were more likely to be non-White (40.0% vs 27.3%) and below the poverty line (26.0% vs 15.5%); as likely to be married (50.5% vs 47.7%), living in a rural area (28.7% vs 22.6%), and employed (54.3% vs 57.7%); and less likely to attend college (35.6% vs 56.6%) compared with nontransgender individuals. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the transgender population is a racially diverse population present across US communities. Inequalities in the education and socioeconomic status have negative implications for the health of the transgender population.
Beyond Typical Library Partnerships: Intersecting with the City
Authors: Derrenbacker Cindy 
Published: December 2016

This essay is adapted from a lightning-talk presentation given at the annual conference of The Workshop for Instruction in Library Use (WILU), held at the University of British Columbia, May 30-June 1, 2016. The conference theme was Intersections. The presentation and essay highlight the emerging library partnerships between
Laurentian University's McEwen School of Architecture Library and various groups in downtown Sudbury, Ontario that are leading to expanded services and positive community engagement.

Cet essai est une adaptation d’une présentation « éclair » offerte lors du congrès de l’Atelier annuel sur la formation documentaire, plus communément connu sous son acronyme anglophone WILU (Workshop for Instruction in Library Use), qui a eu lieu à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique du 30 mai au 1er juin 2016. Le thème du congrès était « Intersections ». La présentation et cet essai portent sur des partenariats en émergence entre la bibliothèque de l’École d’architecture McEwen de l’Université Laurentienne et divers groupes situés au centre-ville de Sudbury, Ontario qui mènent vers une prestation élargie des services et un engagement communautaire positif.
O Impacto do Selo Combustível Social: Estudo de Caso em uma Indústria Gaúcha
Authors: Araujo Rozali , Silva Andressa Hennig , Moura Gilnei Luiz de , Cunha Daniele Estivalete 
Published: December 2016

<p>Em virtude da preocupação com o meio ambiente e a possível escassez do petróleo, a temática dos biocombustíveis vem ganhando corpo no Brasil e no mundo. No Brasil, o governo criou o Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel- PNPB e o Selo Combustível Social- SCS, promovendo a inclusão social de agricultores familiares. Diante dessa realidade, este estudo pretende identificar o impacto da implantação do Selo Combustível Social na rotina organizacional de uma empresa certificada. Utilizou-se a metodologia de estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados evidenciaram que o selo impacta significativamente tanto no âmbito do desenvolvimento sustentável, como na inovação e na estratégia.</p> <p> </p>
Physical findings. Matter is one of the states of radiated energy
Authors: Lyudovik Eduard Kuzmich 
Published: December 2016

According to the author “atom” is a microsystem. The ability of photons (γνc – “nucleon”) to rotate at the speed of light in the microsystem (atom) ring – through – ring reveals the cause of inorganic matter formation. Gravity is a total apogee of the rotation of nucleons γνc in the microsystems (atoms). The article shows the new energy technologies instead of nuclear power and hydrocarbons, and their main aim which is the hydrogen energy radiation. The researcher notes that the speed of space journey can become relatively similar to the speed of light.
Root Canal Irrigation: Chemical Agents and Plant Extracts Against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Borzini Letizia , Condò Roberta , De Dominicis Paolo , Casaglia Adriano , Cerroni Loredana 
Published: December 2016

Background:There are various microorganisms related to intra and extra-radicular infections and many of these are involved in persistent infections. Bacterial elimination from the root canal is achieved by means of the mechanical action of instruments and irrigation as well as the antibacterial effects of the irrigating solutions.Enterococcus faecaliscan frequently be isolated from root canals in cases of failed root canal treatments. Antimicrobial agents have often been developed and optimized for their activity against endodontic bacteria. An ideal root canal irrigant should be biocompatible, because of its close contact with the periodontal tissues during endodontic treatment. Sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl) is one of the most widely recommended and used endodontic irrigants but it is highly toxic to periapical tissues.Objectives:To analyze the literature on the chemotherapeutic agent and plant extracts studied as root canal irrigants. In particularly, the study is focused on their effect onEnterococcus faecalis.Method:Literature search was performed electronically in PubMed (PubMed Central, MEDLINE) for articles published in English from 1982 to April 2015. The searched keywords were “endodontic irrigants” and “Enterococcus faecalis” and “essential oil” and “plant extracts”.Results:Many of the studied chemotherapeutic agents and plant extracts have shown promising resultsin vitro.Conclusion:Some of the considered phytotherapic substances, could be a potential alternative to NaOCl for the biomechanical treatment of the endodontic space.
Developing an Unguided Internet-Delivered Intervention for Emotional Distress in Primary Care Patients: Applying Common Factor and Person-Based Approaches
Authors: Geraghty Adam WA , Muñoz Ricardo F , Yardley Lucy , Mc Sharry Jennifer , Little Paul , Moore Michael 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundDeveloping effective, unguided Internet interventions for mental health represents a challenge. Without structured human guidance, engagement with these interventions is often limited and the effectiveness reduced. If their effectiveness can be increased, they have great potential for broad, low-cost dissemination. Improving unguided Internet interventions for mental health requires a renewed focus on the proposed underlying mechanisms of symptom improvement and the involvement of target users from the outset.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to develop an unguided e-mental health intervention for distress in primary care patients, drawing on meta-theory of psychotherapeutic change and utilizing the person-based approach (PBA) to guide iterative qualitative piloting with patients.MethodsCommon factors meta-theory informed the selection and structure of therapeutic content, enabling flexibility whilst retaining the proposed necessary ingredients for effectiveness. A logic model was designed outlining intervention components and proposed mechanisms underlying improvement. The PBA provided a framework for systematically incorporating target-user perspective into the intervention development. Primary care patients (N=20) who had consulted with emotional distress in the last 12 months took part in exploratory qualitative interviews, and a subsample (n=13) undertook think-aloud interviews with a prototype of the intervention.ResultsA flexible intervention was developed, to be used as and when patients need, diverting from a more traditional, linear approach. Based on the in-depth qualitative findings, disorder terms such as “depression” were avoided, and discussions of psychological symptoms were placed in the context of stressful life events. Think-aloud interviews showed that patients were positive about the design and structure of the intervention. On the basis of patient feedback, modifications were made to increase immediate access to all therapeutic techniques.ConclusionsDetailing theoretical assumptions underlying Internet interventions for mental health, and integrating this approach with systematic in-depth qualitative research with target patients is important. These strategies may provide novel ways for addressing the challenges of unguided delivery. The resulting intervention, Healthy Paths, will be evaluated in primary care-based randomized controlled trials, and deployed as a massive open online intervention (MOOI).
Abordaje periodístico de la obesidad en la prensa colombiana durante los años 2008 – 2013
Authors: Correa Madrid María Camila , Carmona Garcés Isabel Cristina , González Zapata Laura Inés 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: Una de las funciones de los medios de comunicación masiva es movilizar la sociedad y la agenda política en torno a problemáticas públicas como por ejemplo la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje dado al tema obesidad en dos periódicos colombianos durante los años 2008-2013. Materiales y metodos: Estudio transversal, se seleccionaron 163 noticias, 48 del periódico El Espectador y 115 de El Colombiano. Se realizó análisis deductivo, posteriormente el análisis descriptivo mediante pruebas X2 para establecer la relación entre las variables. α=0,05. SPSS v.18. Resultados: Se evidenció un aumento gradual de las noticias relacionadas con la obesidad en el periodo estudiado. Las fuentes de información más consultadas para construir las noticias fueron científicas-académicas (42,3%). Se encontró asociación entre los artículos que tratan la magnitud de la obesidad, sus estrategias para afrontarla y cuando se empleó como fuente a los políticos (p<0.05). En la población infantil, los temas publicidad (16,4%) y comidas rápidas (26,9%) tuvieron una mayor cobertura (p<0.05). Conclusión: La cobertura del tema obesidad creció en Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se empezaron a implementar estrategias para su prevención y control. Esta situación puede favorecer la movilización pública y política frente a nuevas estrategias que propendan por la solución de esta problemática.AbstractIntroduction: One of the functions of the mass media is to mobilize society and the political agenda around public issues such as obesity. Objective: To describe the approach given to obesity in two Colombian newspapers during the years 2008-2013. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted were 163 news were selected from two newspapers; 48 from El Espectador newspaper and 115 from El Colombiano. First a deductive analysis of the news was performed and then a descriptive analysis using X2 tests to establish the relationship between the variables. α<0.05. SPSS v.18. Results: An increase in obesity-related news was found. The sources of information most frequently consulted to build the news were scientific-academic ones (42.3%). It was found an association between the articles dealing with the magnitude of the obesity, the strategies to confront it and when it was used a politician source (p <0.05). In the pediatric population, issues related with advertising (16.4%) and fast food (26.9%) had greater coverage (p <0.05). Conclusion: The mass media news related with obesity increased in Colombia, at the same time the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of this disease started. This situation can foster public and political mobilization that promote new strategies that contribute to the solution of the obesity problem.
Tratamiento del estado epiléptico: uso de fármacos antiepilépticos y desenlaces en dos hospitales de cuarto nivel en Colombia
Authors: Palacios Sánchez Eduardo , Batozhergalova Valentina , Rincón Martínez Lina María 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: el estado epiléptico (EE) es una emergencia neurológica con alta morbi-mortalidad asociada, el tratamiento se debe fundamentar en las guías internacionales.
Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de uso de los anticonvulsivantes empleados en el manejo del EE en dos hospitales de cuarto nivel en Colombia.
Materiales y métodos: serie de pacientes mayores de 14,5 años, con diagnóstico de EE establecido por el servicio de Neurología, tratados entre agosto de 2013 y julio de 2014.
Resultados: se incluyeron 84 casos, con una mediana de edad de 52,5 años rango intercuartílico (RIQ 27-71,5); el 64,3% de los pacientes (n=54) tenían antecedentes de epilepsia. El tipo de estado epiléptico más frecuente fue tónico-clónico en el 57,1% (n=48) y la causa principal epilepsia no controlada en el 53,6% (n=46). Para el manejo de primera línea, la mitad de los pacientes recibieron combinaciones de benzodiazepinas con otro anticonvulsivante, los más usados fueron fenitoina y ácido valproico. Todos los fármacos antiepilépticos de primera línea se administraron por vía endovenosa. En 32 pacientes (38,1%) se requirió el manejo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El resultado, muerte de 17 pacientes (20,2%) y secuelas neurológicas sin muerte en 6 pacientes (7,2%).
Conclusión: los fármacos antiepilépticos clásicos, entre los que se encuentran la fenitoina y el ácido valproico, continúan siendo la elección en la primera línea para el tratamiento del EE. La combinación de ácido valproico y levetiracetam puede ser efectiva en el EE refractario. Las medidas alternativas durante el tratamiento del EE no fueron observadas.