bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximization of regional probabilities using Optimal Surface Graphs: Application to carotid artery segmentation in MRI
Authors: Arias Lorza Andres M. , van Engelen Arna , Petersen Jens , van der Lugt Aad , de Bruijne Marleen 
Published: January 2018

PurposeWe present a segmentation method that maximizes regional probabilities enclosed by coupled surfaces using an Optimal Surface Graph (OSG) cut approach. This OSG cut determines the globally optimal solution given a graph constructed around an initial surface. While most methods for vessel wall segmentation only use edge information, we show that maximizing regional probabilities using an OSG improves the segmentation results. We applied this to automatically segment the vessel wall of the carotid artery in magnetic resonance images.MethodsFirst, voxel‐wise regional probability maps were obtained using a Support Vector Machine classifier trained on local image features. Then, the OSG segments the regions which maximizes the regional probabilities considering smoothness and topological constraints.ResultsThe method was evaluated on 49 carotid arteries from 30 subjects. The proposed method shows good accuracy with a Dice wall overlap of 74.1 ± 4.3%, and significantly outperforms a published method based on an OSG using only surface information, the obtained segmentations using voxel‐wise classification alone, and another published artery wall segmentation method based on a deformable surface model. Intraclass correlations (ICC) with manually measured lumen and wall volumes were similar to those obtained between observers. Finally, we show a good reproducibility of the method with ICC = 0.86 between the volumes measured in scans repeated within a short time interval.ConclusionsIn this work, a new segmentation method that uses both an OSG and regional probabilities is presented. The method shows good segmentations of the carotid artery in MRI and outperformed another segmentation method that uses OSG and edge information and the voxel‐wise segmentation using the probability maps.
Graduation Day: Healthcare Transition From Pediatric to Adult
Authors: Green Corkins Kelly , Miller Michelle A. , Whitworth John R , McGinnis Carol 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBecause more patients with pediatric‐onset chronic conditions are surviving into adulthood, they are graduating from pediatric healthcare to self‐management and adult healthcare. This transfer of care needs to be a process of transitioning medical and nutrition care. Despite having position statements from professional organizations and several proposed models, issues in the transition process have been well described, and gaps in transition care persist. Healthcare providers need to be aware of special needs of emerging adults related to education on chronic condition and self‐management skills, emotional support before and after transition, and legal rights for both the patient and the parent if the emerging adult is not developmentally appropriate to make his or her own healthcare decisions. Both pediatric and adult providers need to be in active communication with each other and the patient to develop trusting relationships and actively support the transition of care. This review of literature describes several models for transitioning, measureable outcomes, insurance provider issues, and legal issues pertaining to healthcare transition.
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in internationally adopted children
Authors: Spring Rachel , Schlaack Hanna , Rice Marilyn , Staat Mary A. , Quinn Charles T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere are conflicting guidelines about screening of internationally adopted children for glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a common genetic disorder. In a multi‐ethnic population of 2,169 internationally adopted children, we found that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 1.6% overall and 2.2% in males. Prevalence differed by country or region of origin, ranging from 0 to 13% overall and 0 to 22% in males. The prevalence in females was 1%. A diagnosis of G6PD deficiency informs the treatment of malaria and enables education and counseling to prevent morbidity and mortality from G6PD deficiency. Screening for G6PD deficiency should be strongly considered for internationally adopted children.
Risk of rhabdomyolysis from 5‐α reductase inhibitors
Authors: Welk Blayne , McArthur Eric , Ordon Michael , Dirk Jade , Dixon Stephanie , Garg Amit X. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeA recent regulatory warning and case reports have described the development of muscle complications with the use of 5‐α reductase inhibitors (5ARIs). We wished to determine if there was a link between rhabdomyolysis and 5ARI usage.MethodsWe used a matched cohort design and linked administrative data from the province of Ontario, Canada, to investigate the risk of rhabdomyolysis in men using either finasteride or dutasteride. A total of 99 covariates were measured. We identified 93 197 men ≥66 years of age who initiated a new prescription for a 5ARI, and they were matched using a propensity score to an equal number of men not prescribed a 5ARI.ResultsNew initiation of 5ARIs was not associated with a significantly increased risk of rhabdomyolysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐1.48, P = .06). When we examined the risk of rhabdomyolysis in the year prior to the initiation of a 5ARI, we found that men who would go on to use a 5ARI in the future had an elevated risk of rhabdomyolysis even prior to starting the medication (HR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.05‐1.64, P = .01). Our secondary outcome of myositis and myopathy was significantly higher among 5ARI users (HR 1.63, 95% CI, 1.48‐1.80, P < .01), and this risk was not present prior to 5ARI usage.Conclusion5‐α reductase inhibitors do not appear to be associated with the development of rhabdomyolysis; however, they may be associated with an increased risk of myopathy and myositis.
Intraductal/ductal histology and lymphovascular invasion are associated with germline DNA‐repair gene mutations in prostate cancer
Authors: Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Silberstein John L. , Markowski Mark C. , Luo Jun , Lotan Tamara L. , Isaacs William B. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundGermline mutations in genes mediating DNA repair are common in men with recurrent and advanced prostate cancer, and their presence may alter prognosis and management. We aimed to define pathological and clinical characteristics associated with germline DNA‐repair gene mutations, to facilitate selection of patients for germline testing.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 150 unselected patients with recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer who were offered germline genetic testing by a single oncologist using a clinical‐grade assay (Color Genomics). This platform utilizes next‐generation sequencing from saliva to interrogate 30 cancer‐susceptibility genes. Presence or absence of a deleterious germline mutation was correlated with histological and clinical characteristics, and with family history of cancer. All patients with DNA‐sequence alterations (pathogenic or variants) were offered genetic counseling.ResultsBetween July 2016 and July 2017, 150 consecutive patients underwent germline testing; pathogenic mutations were identified in 21 men (14%). Among those with germline mutations, 9 (43%) were in BRCA2, 3 (14%) were in ATM, 3 (14%) were in CHEK2, and 2 (9%) were in BRCA1. While there were no associations between germline mutations and age, tumor stage, Gleason sum or family history; mutation‐positive patients had lower median PSA levels at diagnosis (5.5 vs 8.6 ng/mL, P = 0.01) and unique pathologic features. Namely, men with germline mutations were more likely to harbor intraductal/ductal histology (48% vs 12%, P < 0.01) and lymphovascular invasion (52% vs 14%, P < 0.01). Finally, 44% of patients with a positive germline test would not have been offered genetic screening according to current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.ConclusionsPresence of intraductal/ductal histology and lymphovascular invasion appear to be associated with pathogenic germline DNA‐repair gene mutations in men with prostate cancer, and identification of these features may help to select patients for germline testing. NCCN guidelines may be inadequate in predicting which prostate cancer patients should undergo genetic screening.
The effect of Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi) on the motor deficits in the MPTP‐treated common marmoset model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fisher Ria , Lincoln Louise , Jackson Michael J. , Abbate Vincenzo , Jenner Peter , Hider Robert , Lees Andrew , Rose Sarah 
Published: January 2018

Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi) contains harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, has monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity, and has reported antiparkinsonian activity in humans when imbibed as a tea; however, its effects are poorly documented. For this reason, motor function was assessed in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐treated common marmosets following administration of B. caapi extract (28.4–113.6 mg/kg; po), harmine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg; sc), and selegiline (10 mg/kg; sc), alone or with a submaximal dose of L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA; 4–7 mg/kg). L‐DOPA reversed motor disability, increased locomotor activity, and induced moderate dyskinesia. B. caapi did not increase locomotor activity or induce dyskinesia but at 56.8 and 113.6 mg/kg improved motor disability. The L‐DOPA response was unaltered by co‐administration of B. caapi. Harmine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) produced a mild improvement in motor disability without affecting locomotor activity or dyskinesia but had no effect on the L‐DOPA‐induced antiparkinsonian response. Selegiline (10 mg/kg) alone improved motor function to the same extent as L‐DOPA, but with only mild dyskinesia, and did not alter the response to L‐DOPA, although dyskinesia was reduced. The findings suggest that B. caapi alone has a mild antiparkinsonian effect but does not enhance the L‐DOPA response or reduce dyskinesia.
Close tracking of equilibrium paths
Authors: Sultan Cornel 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA method to control a generic system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations between equilibrium states is analyzed. The objective is to ensure that the system's state space trajectory closely tracks an equilibrium path. The control law is obtained via time parameterization of the corresponding equilibrium control path. Conditions which guarantee that the system's state space trajectory closely tracks the equilibrium path are proved using two approaches. One approach uses the mean value theorem, and the other uses the slowly time‐varying systems theory. Importantly, both methods provide relationships between the control rate norm and the tracking error norm. These allow computation of upper bounds on the control rate norm which guarantee a desired upper bound on the tracking error norm. They also enable computation of upper bounds on the tracking error norm for a given upper bound on the control rate norm. Examples illustrate the theoretical results.
Status in a strange land? Context‐dependent value of status in cross‐border venture capital
Authors: Alvarez‐Garrido Elisa , Guler Isin 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary: While recent literature has depicted status as an intangible asset that is firm‐specific and mobile, we have a limited understanding of whether status confers advantage in a way similar to other intangible assets. This study examines the macro‐structural contingencies that influence the marginal value of firm status as firms expand to new markets. Building on the literatures on status and social approval assets, as well as globalization and international management, we hypothesize that two conditions influence how valuable home‐country status will be in a given host country: the interconnectedness of the home and host countries, and their relative position in the global network. We test our hypotheses in a study of 187 venture capital (VC)‐backed biotechnology ventures in 19 countries between 1990 and 2006.Managerial Summary: Startups typically prefer high‐status VC investors for endorsements, network connections, and resources. One might expect the benefits of high‐status VCs to be even higher when they invest across borders. Yet, we show that status is ingrained in context, and that the performance advantage of partnering with high‐status cross‐border VC firms depends on the relationship between the country of the VC firm and that of the startup. We find that, when the VC industries in the two countries are more connected, the positive effect of cross‐border VC firm status on successful exit is amplified. However, when the VC firm comes from a more central country than the startup, the benefits of VC firm status are less pronounced and vice versa.
Halide Perovskites for Applications beyond Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Han Ji Su , Choi Jaeho , Kim Soo Young , Jang Ho Won 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, halide perovskites have been attracting intense attention as novel materials for photovoltaic applications due to their high carrier mobility, extraordinarily long carrier diffusion lengths, and suitable optical bandgaps. Furthermore, there are extensive applications of halide perovskites owing to their exceptional attributes in different areas, such as light‐emitting diodes, lasers, X‐ray detectors, memory devices, and more. Here, the unique characteristics of halide perovskite materials are described, including their electrical and optical properties, to explain why these materials are so exciting for a wide variety of applications. After introducing the synthesis techniques used to prepare halide perovskite films, recent advances on the applications of halide perovskites beyond photovoltaics are addressed. The challenges to be overcome for several applications are described and it is suggested that halide perovskites are equivalent to a gold standard in developing next‐generation optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Generative models for clinical applications in computational psychiatry
Authors: Frässle Stefan , Yao Yu , Schöbi Dario , Aponte Eduardo A. , Heinzle Jakob , Stephan Klaas E. 
Published: January 2018

Despite the success of modern neuroimaging techniques in furthering our understanding of cognitive and pathophysiological processes, translation of these advances into clinically relevant tools has been virtually absent until now. Neuromodeling represents a powerful framework for overcoming this translational deadlock, and the development of computational models to solve clinical problems has become a major scientific goal over the last decade, as reflected by the emergence of clinically oriented neuromodeling fields like Computational Psychiatry, Computational Neurology, and Computational Psychosomatics. Generative models of brain physiology and connectivity in the human brain play a key role in this endeavor, striving for computational assays that can be applied to neuroimaging data from individual patients for differential diagnosis and treatment prediction. In this review, we focus on dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and its use for Computational Psychiatry. DCM is a widely used generative modeling framework for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magneto‐/electroencephalography (M/EEG) data. This article reviews the basic concepts of DCM, revisits examples where it has proven valuable for addressing clinically relevant questions, and critically discusses methodological challenges and recent methodological advances. We conclude this review with a more general discussion of the promises and pitfalls of generative models in Computational Psychiatry and highlight the path that lies ahead of us.This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Computation
Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Child–Pugh B Cirrhosis: Hepatic Resection Versus Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Harimoto Norifumi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Fujimoto Yukiko , Motomura Takashi , Mano Youhei , Toshima Takeo , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Uchiyama Hideaki , Soejima Yuji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation has been established as the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients, but hepatic resection is also effective in patients with well‐preserved liver function. Determining the suitable surgical treatment for patients with Child–Pugh class B cirrhosis is a more difficult challenge.
MethodsWe retrospectively compared the results of hepatic resection and living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in 137 patients with Child–Pugh class B cirrhosis. The procedures were performed at Kyushu University Hospital from April 2014 through October 2016.ResultsPatients who underwent hepatic resection were significantly older and had better liver function, larger tumor size, smaller number of tumors, and less surgical stress compared with patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation. The overall survival rate and the recurrence‐free survival rate in patients with transplantation were significantly better than that in patients with resection. The multivariate analysis showed that recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and microvascular invasion were significant prognostic factors for both overall and recurrence‐free survival in the hepatic resection group. In the group with protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II ≥300 mAU/mL, both the overall survival curve and the recurrence‐free survival curve in patients with living donor liver transplantation were not significantly different from those in patients with hepatic resection.ConclusionsLiving donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child–Pugh class B cirrhosis was favorable under the condition of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II <300 mAU/mL in selected recipients and donors. Hepatic resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and excessive blood loss should be avoided in patients with Child–Pugh class B cirrhosis.
Excellent Prognosis of Central Lymph Node Recurrence‐Free Survival for cN0M0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Who Underwent Routine Prophylactic Central Node Dissection
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira , Masuoka Hiroo , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Kihara Minoru , Miya Akihiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn Japan, prophylactic central node dissection (p‐CND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been routinely performed in many institutions, including ours (Kuma Hospital, Japan). We evaluated the recurrence to a central lymph node in patients with cN0M0 PTC who underwent routine p‐CND.Materials and methodsWe enrolled 4301 patients with cN0M0 PTC who underwent an initial surgery between 1987 and 2005 (median age 51 years). The postoperative follow‐up periods ranged from 4 to 362 months (median 164 months). Only 15 patients underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation (≥30 mCi) after total or near total thyroidectomy.ResultsOf the 4301 patients with N0M0 PTC who underwent p‐CND, 2548 (59%) were diagnosed as pN1a on postoperative pathological examination. To date, only 52 cases (1.2%) showed recurrence to a central lymph node. The 10‐year and 20‐year central node recurrence‐free survival rates were excellent at 99.1 and 98.2%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age ≥55 years, significant extrathyroid extension, tumor size >2 cm, and ≥5 pathologically confirmed central node metastases (but not the presence of central node metastasis) independently affected central node recurrence.ConclusionsUnder the situation of routine p‐CND, the central node recurrence‐free survival of cN0M0 PTC is excellent. However, future studies, including double‐arm studies from Japan, should examine whether the omission of p‐CND cN0M0 PTC is appropriate without RAI ablation in consideration of various factors, including the pros and cons of p‐CND.
Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide (Ho2O3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials
Authors: Vojna David , Yasuhara Ryo , Furuse Hiroaki , Slezak Ondrej , Hutchinson Simon , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomas , Cech Miroslav 
Published: January 2018

Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide (Ho2O3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials, highly potential material candidates for high-energy laser Faraday isolators, are presented in this paper. Temperature dependence of the Verdet constant of nondoped Ho2O3 ceramics was measured for temperatures 15–305 K at $1.064~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ wavelength. The Verdet constant dispersion for wavelengths 0.5–$1~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ and $1.064~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ was measured for both nondoped Ho2O3 ceramics and Ho2O3 ceramics doped with terbium Tb3+ (0.2 at. %) and cerium Ce3+ (0.1 at. %) ions. The results suggest that the relatively low level of doping of Ho2O3 with these ions has no significant boosting impact on the Faraday effect. Therefore, other compositions of Ho2O3 ceramics-based magneto-optical materials, as well as various doping concentrations, should be further examined.
Comparisons of the Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of C/SIC and SIC/SIC Ceramic-Matrix Composites Subjected to Different Phase Angle
Authors: Li L. B. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the comparisons of thermomechanical fatigue behavior of C/SiC and SiC/SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) subjected to different phase angles of θ = 0, π/3, π/2 and π have been investigated. The relationships between the fatigue damage mechanisms, phase angle, fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy, fatigue hysteresis modulus and fatigue peak strain, fiber/matrix interface debonding and sliding have been established. The differences between C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites under thermomechanical fatigue loading with different phase angles have been analyzed. The damage accumulation of 2.5D C/SiC and 2D SiC/SiC composites under thermomechanical fatigue loading have been predicted. With increasing of the phase angle, the fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy, fatigue peak strain and interface debonded length decrease for the SiC/SiC composite; however, for the C/SiC composite, the fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy, fatigue peak strain and the interface debonded length increase at the same cycle number.
Commercializing LanzaTech, from waste to fuel: An effectuation case
Authors: Karlson Brian , Bellavitis Cristiano , France Nadine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis case describes the extraordinary growth story of LanzaTech, a New Zealand (NZ)-based company cofounded in 2005 by scientists Sean Simpson and Richard Forster. LanzaTech developed a microbe which fermented the waste gases generated from steel manufacturing to produce ethanol and other chemicals. This case builds on effectuation logic and entrepreneurial discovery to highlight the challenges and opportunities of research commercialization. The case is structured chronologically and outlines the steps that the entrepreneur has taken to build the technology from scratch. It covers the early phases of the company, focussing particularly on how LanzaTech developed, refined, patented and began to commercialize its research. A key strength of the case is its multidisciplinary focus. The case describes some of the crucial aspects of research commercialization including capital raising, developing a business model, forming partnerships and expanding internationally. The case also describes a company committed to retaining its research base in NZ, and some of the opportunities and drawbacks of operating in a small economy at a distance from key market players.