bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphitization of Chlorohydrocarbons in Laser‐Induced Plasma Filaments
Authors: MIYASAKA ERINA , HAMAGUCHI TOMOYUKI , YATSUHASHI TOMOYUKI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe decomposition of aqueous chlorohydrocarbons regarded as environmental pollutants has been widely studied. However, it is usually difficult to separate liquid and/or volatile products originated from chlorohydrocarbons from reactant solution. We succeeded to precipitate hydrophobic carbon nanoparticles and their agglomerates from aqueous dichloromethane by femtosecond laser (0.8 μm, 40 fs) irradiation. In the case of water/dichloromethane bilayer solution, the precipitates were produced in abundance when the water layer was exposed to femtosecond laser pulses. The time evolution of pH and transmittance revealed that the precipitation of carbon particles was preceded by dechlorination. Focusing intense femtosecond laser pulses onto water creates a high density of reactive species in a well‐confined volume; that is, plasma filament. The graphitization hence solidification by using laser pulses could be a useful way to remove chlorinated compounds from their aqueous solution.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Doped Polyaniline for Enhancing the Electrochemical Sensitivity of Mercury Ions
Authors: Nguyen Huy L. , Cao Ha H. , Nguyen Dzung T. , Nguyen Vân‐Anh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolyaniline (PANi) was electro‐synthesized on the surface of screen‐printed carbon electrodes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a dopant. The complex of aniline and SDS created a conductive (PANi‐SDS) film at lower aniline concentration. The PANi‐SDS film contained negative charge due to the anionic head of SDS. The PANi‐SDS modified electrode was integrated into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chip as an electrochemical sensor for mercury detection. The presence of SDS in the polyaniline film enhanced the possibility of mercury ions uptake, and therefore, increased the peak current of square wave anodic stripping in the mercury detection. The mercury sensor exhibited a dynamic range from 6 to 35 nM with detection limit of 2.4 nM.
Three‐Dimensional Microstructural Characterization of Lithium Manganese Oxide with Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Maier Johannes , Pfeiffer Björn , Volkert Cynthia A. , Nowak Carsten 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe microstructure of the active material of Li‐ion batteries has a crucial influence on local ion‐transport processes but is not yet well characterized. Atom probe tomography (APT), a method combining sub‐nanometer spatial resolution with sub‐parts‐per‐thousand chemical resolution is well suited for 3 D microstructural characterization. Herein, the results of the characterization of lithium (nickel)manganese oxides [L(N)MO] with APT are presented. Structural and chemical defects of different dimensions such as the segregation of Na impurities to grain boundaries and the appearance of a Ni‐rich foreign phase are detected. Furthermore, a lamellar microstructure correlated to fluctuations in the local Li content was observed, and its influence on Li transport in the material is discussed. In defect‐free regions, the lattice planes of LMO are reconstructed for the first time, and the high spatial resolution of APT is revealed. Thus, the results demonstrate the potential of APT for the 3 D microstructural characterization of LMO.
Development and validation of p‐y modeling approach for seismic response predictions of highway bridges
Authors: Xie Yazhou , Huo Yili , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis study aims to realistically simulate the seismic responses of typical highway bridges in California with considerations of soil–structure interaction effects. The p‐y modeling approaches are developed and validated for embankments and pile foundations of bridges. The p‐y approach models the lateral and vertical foundation flexibility with distributed p‐y springs and associated t‐z and q‐z springs. Building upon the existing p‐y models for pile foundations, the study develops the nonlinear p‐y springs for embankments based on nonlinear 2D and 3D continuum finite element analysis under passive loading condition along both longitudinal and transverse directions. Closed‐form expressions are developed for two key parameters, the ultimate resistant force pult and the displacement y50, where 0.5pult is reached, of embankment p‐y models as functions of abutment geometry (wall width and height, embankment fill height, etc.) and soil material properties (wall‐soil friction angle, soil friction angle, and cohesion). In order to account for the kinematic and site responses, depth‐varying ground motions are derived and applied at the free‐end of p‐y springs, which reflects the amplified embankment crest motion. The modeling approach is applied to simulate the seismic responses of the Painter Street Bridge and validated through comparisons with the recorded responses during the 1992 Petrolia earthquake. It is demonstrated that the flexibility and motion amplification at end abutments are the most crucial modeling aspects. The developed p‐y models and the modeling approach can effectively predict the seismic responses of highway bridges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity of individual pharmaceuticals and their mixtures to Aliivibrio fischeri: Experimental results for single compounds and considerations of their mechanisms of action and potential acute effects on aquatic organisms
Authors: Di Nica Valeria , Villa Sara , Finizio Antonio 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

In the first part of a broader study on the effects of individual and multicomponent mixtures of pharmaceutical active compounds, the authors used the Microtox® test system to analyze in detail the effects of 10 widely used human and veterinary pharmaceutical active compounds toward the bioluminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. The experimental results indicated moderate toxicity for the majority of the tested compounds. Comparison between experimental 50% inhibitory concentrations and those predicted from the quantitative structure–activity relationship models indicated that most of the tested pharmaceutical active compounds behave as polar narcotic compounds toward A. fischeri (only the antibiotic chlortetracycline seemed to have a specific mechanism of action). A comparison between the experimental results and a collection of acute toxicity data on other nontarget organisms indicated that in general A. fischeri has a comparable sensitivity to other aquatic species. However, according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, the majority of the investigated chemicals can be classified as harmful or nontoxic for aquatic ecosystems. Finally, based on comparisons among the 95th percentile of measured environmental concentrations found in European Union water bodies and acute toxicity data on various aquatic organisms, no risk to aquatic life exists when the tested pharmaceutical active compounds are assessed as individual chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:807–814. © 2016 SETAC
Disorder‐Specific Alteration in White Matter Structural Property in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Relative to Adults With ADHD and Adult Controls
Authors: Chiang Huey‐Ling , Chen Yu‐Jen , Lin Hsiang‐Yuan , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not only often comorbid but also overlapped in behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. Little is known about whether these shared phenotypes are based on common or different underlying neuropathologies. Therefore, this study aims to examine the disorder‐specific alterations in white matter (WM) structural property.MethodThe three comparison groups included 23 male adults with ASD (21.4 ± 3.1 years), 32 male adults with ADHD (23.4 ± 3.3 years), and 29 age‐matched healthy male controls (22.4 ± 3.3 years). After acquisition of the diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), whole brain tractography was reconstructed by a tract‐based automatic analysis. Generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values were computed to indicate tract‐specific WM property with adjusted P value < 0.05 for false discovery rate correction.ResultsPost hoc analyses revealed that men with ASD exhibited significant lower GFA values than men with ADHD and male controls in six identified fiber tracts: the right arcuate fasciculus, right cingulum (hippocampal part), anterior commissure, and three callosal fibers (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex part, precentral part, superior temporal part). There was no significant difference in the GFA values of any of the fiber tracts between men with ADHD and controls. In men with ASD, the GFA values of the right arcuate fasciculus and right cingulum (hippocampal part) were negatively associated with autistic social‐deficit symptoms, and the anterior commissure GFA value was positively correlated with intelligence.ConclusionsThis study highlights the disorder‐specific alteration of the microstructural property of WM tracts in male adults with ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:384–395, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breast cancer screening effect across breast density strata: A case–control study
Authors: van der Waal Daniëlle , Ripping Theodora M. , Verbeek André L.M. , Broeders Mireille J.M. 
Published: September 2016

Breast cancer screening is known to reduce breast cancer mortality. A high breast density may affect this reduction. We assessed the effect of screening on breast cancer mortality in women with dense and fatty breasts separately. Analyses were performed within the Nijmegen (Dutch) screening programme (1975–2008), which invites women (aged 50–74 years) biennially. Performance measures were determined. Furthermore, a case–control study was performed for women having dense and women having fatty breasts. Breast density was assessed visually with a dichotomized Wolfe scale. Breast density data were available for cases. The prevalence of dense breasts among controls was estimated with age‐specific rates from the general population. Sensitivity analyses were performed on these estimates. Screening performance was better in the fatty than in the dense group (sensitivity 75.7% vs 57.8%). The mortality reduction appeared to be smaller for women with dense breasts, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95% CI 0.52–1.45) in the dense and 0.59 (95% CI 0.44–0.79) in the fatty group. We can conclude that high density results in lower screening performance and appears to be associated with a smaller mortality reduction. Breast density is thus a likely candidate for risk‐stratified screening. More research is needed on the association between density and screening harms.
A SEM study of the antenna and mouthparts of Omosita colon (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Authors: Cao Yan‐Kun , Huang Min 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere are direct relationships between the behavioral mechanisms and sensilla. To obtain a better understanding of the behavioral mechanisms in Omosita colon (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), we investigated the types, quantities, and distribution of sensilla on the antenna and mouthparts of O. colon by scanning electron microscopy. The clavate antenna comprised the scape, pedicel, and nine segment flagellomeres and had six types of sensilla, including two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SC), three subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SB) and sensilla trichodea (ST), and one type of sensilla cavity, sensilla styloconica, and Böhm bristles (BB). The chewing mouthparts of O. colon consist of the labrum, mandible, maxillae, labium, and hypopharynx and had seven types sensilla, including two subtypes of SC and sensilla placodea, seven subtypes of SB, and one type of BB, ST, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla campaniformia. In this research, we also deduced the relationships between the sensilla on the antenna and mouthparts and their functions.
Chronostratigraphic constraints on Middle Pleistocene faunal assemblages and Acheulian industries from the Cretone lacustrine basin, central Italy
Authors: Marra Fabrizio , Ceruleo Piero , Jicha Brian , Pandolfi Luca , Petronio Carmelo , Salari Leonardo , Giaccio Biagio , Sottili Gianluca 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntegrated40Ar/39Ar, trace‐element, stratigraphic, palaeontological and palaethnological data provide geochronological and biochronological constraints for the sedimentary and tectonic history of a Middle Pleistocene fluvial–lacustrine basin near Rome (Cretone Basin, central Italy), which has yielded a significant record of mammal fossil remains and Palaeolithic industry. This work is a case study of the interplay between tectonics and glacio‐eustacy, which strongly influenced the evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea margin of central Italy. Dating of tephra layers interbedded within the Cretone Basin lacustrine succession and reconstruction of relict terraced surfaces allow correlation with similar, geochronologically constrained, marine isotopic stages (MIS) 15–5 terraced deposits along the coast. Coupled extensional tectonics and regional uplift over the last 600 ka caused the progressive uplifting and westward migration of the main fluvial–lacustrine basin and the formation of a smaller satellite basin at its eastern margin. Here, stable environmental conditions during MIS 13–5 indicated continuous human and large mammal frequentation, as testified by lithic industry and fossil remains ascribable to the Acheulean and later early Middle Palaeolithic technocomplexes and Galerian–Aurelian mammal faunas, respectively. In addition to providing independent age constraints to glacial sea‐level oscillations of this region, the reconstructed chronostratigraphic setting for the Cretone Basin provides evidence for one of the oldest Acheulean lithic assemblage of central Italy, as well as new biochronological and palaeobiogeographical data for some Middle Pleistocene mammal species of Italy.
Reversible Deactivation of Enzymes by Redox‐Responsive Nanogel Carriers
Authors: Peng Huan , Rübsam Kristin , Jakob Felix , Pazdzior Patrizia , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Pich Andrij 
Published: September 2016

Novel redox‐responsive polymeric nanogels that allow highly efficient enzyme encapsulation and reversible modulation of enzyme activity are developed. The nanogel synthesis and encapsulation of enzyme are performed simultaneously via in situ crosslinking of pyridyldisulfide‐functionalized water‐soluble reactive copolymers, which are synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization. Obtained nanogels with loaded cellulase demonstrate very good colloidal stability in aqueous solutions. The enzymatic activity of cellulase is greatly reduced when encapsulated in the nanogels and rapidly recovered in 10 × 10−3 m dithiothreitol solution. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based experiments indicate that the recovered enzymatic activity is mainly ascribed to the release of the enzyme due to the degradation of the disulfide crosslinking network after addition of dithiothreitol (DTT), instead of the enhanced substrate transport rate. The developed enzyme immobilization method opens new possibilities for reversible activation/deactivation of enzymes and opens up new directions for targeted protein therapy and biotechnology applications.
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Consistency of “Probable RBD” Diagnosis with the RBD Screening Questionnaire: A Follow‐up Study
Authors: Stefani Ambra , Mahlknecht Philipp , Seppi Klaus , Nocker Michael , Mair Katherina J. , Hotter Anna , Stockner Heike , Willeit Johann , Kiechl Stefan , Rungger Gregor , Gasperi Arno , Poewe Werner , Högl Birgit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the consistency of “probable RBD” diagnosis with the RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) assessed 2 years apart in a population‐based study.MethodsProbable RBD was assessed by RBDSQ in 2008 and in 2010 in the Bruneck Study Cohort, with participants aged ≥60 years.ResultsA total of 437 participants completed the RBDSQ in 2008 and 2010. There were 29 (6.6%) and 23 (5.3%) participants with probable RBD in 2008 and in 2010, respectively. Only eight (1.8%) screened positive on both occasions. RBDSQ values 2 years apart showed low correlation with each other (Spearman rank coefficient r = 0.348, P < 0.001) and low agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.388, P < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found low agreement between the two assessments. Possible explanations are the fluctuation of untreated RBD expression and the poor utility of the RBDSQ to detect RBD in the general population. Until further PSG validation of the RBDSQ in population‐based studies, investigators must be aware of the inherent uncertainty of questionnaire‐based RBD diagnosis.
Identification of the relaxation kernel in diffusion processes and viscoelasticity with memory via deconvolution
Authors: Pandolfi Luciano 
Published: September 2016

We present an algorithm for the identification of the relaxation kernel in the theory of diffusion systems with memory (or of viscoelasticity), which is linear, in the sense that we propose a linear Volterra integral equation of convolution type whose solution is the relaxation kernel. The algorithm is based on the observation of the flux through a part of the boundary of a body.The identification of the relaxation kernel is ill posed, as we should expect from an inverse problem. In fact, we shall see that it is mildly ill posed, precisely as the deconvolution problem which has to be solved in the algorithm we propose. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early detection of human glioma sphere xenografts in mouse brain using diffusion MRI at 14.1 T
Authors: Porcari P. , Hegi M. E. , Lei H. , Hamou M‐F. , Vassallo I. , Capuani S. , Gruetter R. , Mlynarik V. 
Published: September 2016

Glioma models have provided important insights into human brain cancers. Among the investigative tools, MRI has allowed their characterization and diagnosis.In this study, we investigated whether diffusion MRI might be a useful technique for early detection and characterization of slow‐growing and diffuse infiltrative gliomas, such as the proposed new models, LN‐2669GS and LN‐2540GS glioma sphere xenografts. Tumours grown in these models are not visible in conventional T2‐weighted or contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI at 14.1 T.Diffusion‐weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging protocols were optimized for contrast by exploring long diffusion times sensitive for probing the microstructural alterations induced in the normal brain by the slow infiltration of glioma sphere cells.Compared with T2‐weighted images, tumours were properly identified in their early stage of growth using diffusion MRI, and confirmed by localized proton MR spectroscopy as well as immunohistochemistry. The first evidence of tumour presence was revealed for both glioma sphere xenograft models three months after tumour implantation, while no necrosis, oedema or haemorrhage were detected either by MRI or by histology. Moreover, different values of diffusion indices, such as mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, were obtained in tumours grown from LN‐2669GS and LN‐2540GS glioma sphere lines. These observations highlighted diverse tumour microstructures for both xenograft models, which were reflected in histology.This study demonstrates the ability of diffusion MRI techniques to identify and investigate early stages of slow‐growing, invasive tumours in the mouse brain, thus providing a potential imaging biomarker for early detection of tumours in humans.
Radical induced cationic frontal polymerization as a versatile tool for epoxy curing and composite production
Authors: Bomze Daniel , Knaack Patrick , Koch Thomas , Jin Huifei , Liska Robert 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTRadical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) is an extremely powerful and elegant alternative curing technique that allows cationic bulk curing of epoxy resins with very little energy consumption, as well as curing in compartments that are not readily accessible. We recently introduced a bisphenol‐A diglycidylether (BADGE) based system that allows the bubble‐free photocuring of this widely used epoxy resin. In this article, we describe the high storage stability and possibilities to influence the curing speed via the initiator concentrations of different formulations. These properties allow the adjustment of the frontal polymerization to ones need. We also show that the (thermo)mechanical and electrical properties of frontal cured epoxy polymers compares favorably with those of state of the art material. Finally, different strategies to overcome the challenges on producing epoxy resin based mica composites via RICFP are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3751–3759
Conicity of latent tracks in the near surface region as a factor affecting the correct evaluation of track size
Authors: Saifulin Maxim , O'Connell Jacques , Skuratov Vladimir , van Vuuren Arno Janse 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe difference in track parameters recorded in some oxides at the same energy loss and different ion velocity, the so called “velocity effect”, have been corroborated by various experimental methods. Most of the corresponding data on damage cross section and then on the track radii were found by means of indirect techniques such as Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channelling geometry. The contribution of transmission electron microscopy results in the whole data array remains very limited. In this report we present an analysis of existing TEM results related to the “velocity effect” and consider how the conical shape of latent tracks observed in the subsurface region of swift heavy ion irradiated oxides may affect the correct determination of the track size as well as the critical electronic energy loss for track formation. The discussion is based on our cross sectional TEM studies of high energy Bi and Xe ion induced latent tracks in TiO2 and Al2O3 single crystals. To our knowledge there have been no reported cross sectional TEM analyses on Y3Fe5O12, Bi4Ge3O12 and YBa2Cu3O7‐δ in order to verify the cylindrical track assumption. If similar conicity exists in the near surface regions of these materials it may cast some doubt on the validity of the velocity effect. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New strategies for the synthesis of ZnO and Al‐doped ZnO films by reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature
Authors: Horwat David , Mickan Martin , Chamorro William 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe review our recent findings that reactive magnetron sputtering can be operated without thermal assistance to produce epitaxial ZnO films and highly conductive and transparent aluminum‐doped ZnO (AZO) films on large surface area. The growth of epitaxial films requires working in direct current (DC) mode at large oxygen partial pressure but high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is preferred to optimize the electrical and optical properties of AZO films on large surface areas. The results are interpreted by the ability of DC sputtering to easily oxidize the target surface and the HiPIMS mode cleans and returns it to metallic during pulses. Fast oxygen atoms (ions) may be emitted in large amount using DC and bring fuel to the growing ZnO film to induce epitaxy onto sapphire. The signature of oxygen interstitials is found in DC with increasing magnitude as the oxygen content is increased in the gas phase. In contrast, the discharge voltage plays a significant role in HiPIMS to adjust the sputtering rate and clean the target surface for deposition of slightly sub‐stoichiometric AZO films over the entire range of lateral positions. Thereby, transparent yet highly conductive films with resistivity in the range 4‐15×10‐4 Ωcm can be produced. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)