bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oximetry for preterm infants at neonatal discharge: What is current practice in New Zealand and Australia?
Authors: Wellington Grace , Campbell Angela J , Elder Dawn E 
Published: April 2016

AimThe aim of the study was to survey level 2 and 3 neonatal units in Australasia to determine the prevalence of oximetry studies at discharge for preterm infants, how these oximetry studies are performed, and which measures are included in an oximetry report.MethodsA 10‐question online survey was created using Survey Monkey regarding use of predischarge oximetry and e‐mailed to 46 neonatal units (all level 2 and three units in NZ and all level 3 units in Australia).ResultsThe response rate was 59% (27/46) with a NZ response rate of 78% (18/23). There was variation in the groups of infants receiving predischarge oximetry studies, with one fifth of responding neonatal units never performing oximetry at discharge. Of the units using predischarge oximetry screening, infants being discharged home on supplemental oxygen were the only group for which all units perform predischarge oximetry. Masimo (Masimo, Irvine, California, USA) is the most common oximeter brand and profox Associates, Inc. (PROFOX Associates, Inc., Escondido, CA 92025, USA) the most common analysis software used. Measures included in oximetry reports vary between units, with profox Associates, Inc.'s default event definition of ‘a drop in saturation by four or more’ being the most commonly reported desaturation definition.ConclusionsThese findings indicate a need for guidelines to standardise preterm infant oximetry monitoring at neonatal discharge. Further research is required to determine the utility of predischarge oximetry and to establish which infants should be screened.
CeasIng Cpap At standarD criteriA (CICADA): Implementation improves neonatal outcomes
Authors: Heath Jeffery Rachael C , Broom Margaret , Shadbolt Bruce , Todd David A 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundA previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in babies born < 30 weeks gestation found the so‐called CICADA method (ceasing continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) with a view to remain off rather than slow weaning) significantly reduced CPAP time. Post‐RCT we introduced the CICADA method and evaluated whether the improved outcomes of the CICADA method during the RCT were replicated in clinical practice.AimThe aim of the study is to compare cardio‐respiratory outcomes in PBs < 30 weeks GA over three epochs: (i) pre RCT, (ii) during RCT and (iii) post RCT implementation.MethodsThe study used prospective data to compare baseline characteristics and cardio‐respiratory outcomes over the three epochs.ResultsThere were 270/393(69%) PBs < 30 weeks GA who fulfilled the inclusion criteria over the three epochs. No significant differences were found in GA or birthweight between the three epochs (27.9 ± 1.3, 27.7 ± 1.4, 28.0 ± 1.3 (weeks ± 1 standard deviation); and 1100 ± 252, 1086 ± 251, 1094 ± 320 (grams ± 1 standard deviation)). There were significant decreases in CPAP days and corrected GA to cease CPAP post implementation (20.5 ± 2.1, 21.1 ± 2.1, 16.5 ± 1.8 (days ± SE); P = 0.006 and 33.3 ± 0.4, 33.5 ± 0.4, 32.6 ± 0.4 (weeks ± SE); P = 0.01). Compared with the pre RCT epoch, there were significant reductions in patent ductus arteriosus (36/78 (46%), 33/87 (37%), 18/103 (17%); P < 0.001) and chronic lung disease (40/78 (51%), 19/87 (21%), 30/103 (29%); P < 0.001).ConclusionsCPAP time, corrected GA to cease CPAP, patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease significantly reduced following the introduction of the CICADA method. Early cessation of CPAP expedites the transition from neonatal intensive care to special care.
Highly Efficient Immunodiagnosis of Episomal Banana streak MY virus Using Polyclonal Antibodies Raised Against Recombinant Viral‐Associated Protein
Authors: Selvarajan Ramasamy , Balasubramanian Velusamy , Gayathrie Thirugnanasambantham 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBanana streak MY virus (BSMYV) is the causal agent of viral leaf streak disease of banana, which leads to considerable losses in banana production in most of the banana‐growing regions worldwide. Developing high‐throughput virus detection system is essential for managing viral diseases especially in vegetatively propagated crops like banana. In this study, viral‐associated protein (VAP) coded by ORF II of BSMYV was expressed in Escherichia coli, and polyclonal antibodies were raised against purified recombinant VAP (rVAP) fusion protein in rabbits. Specificity and sensitivity of resulting antibodies were tested in Western blot, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In direct antigen‐coated (DAC)‐ELISA, antibodies reacted specifically to BSMYV in crude sap, up to 1 : 8000 dilutions, but not to healthy leaf extracts. Using this antiserum, an immunocapture polymerase chain reaction (IC‐PCR) assay was developed and compared with DAC‐ELISA. VAP antibody‐based IC‐PCR is highly specific and could differentiate episomal virus infection from the integrated endogenous BSV (eBSV) sequences. The recombinant antibodies were validated by testing with a large number of banana germplasm conserved in the field gene bank. Field samples collected during surveys and mother cultures used in tissue culture propagation suggest that antibodies generated against rVAP are sensitive and useful for large‐scale detection of BSMYV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the production of polyclonal antiserum against recombinant VAP of BSMYV and its suitability for serology‐based testing by ELISA and IC‐PCR. This VAP‐based immunodiagnosis can be applied in quarantine, germplasm exchange and certification programmes.
Effects of Temperature on Disease Severity in Plants of Subterranean Clover Infected Singly or in Mixed Infection withBean yellow mosaic virusandKabatiella caulivora
Authors: Guerret Marine G. L. , Barbetti Martin J. , You Ming Pei , Jones Roger A. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMany epidemics involve plants infected with more than one pathogen, but few experiments address climate change scenarios that influence mixed infections. This study addresses the interactive effects of co‐infection and temperature on disease development in plants of the annual pasture species subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), which is widely sown in different world regions.Bean yellow mosaic virus(BYMV) and the fungusKabatiella caulivoraare two important pathogens causing considerable production losses in pastures containing this species. Both occur together in such pastures causing a severe necrotic disease when mixed infection occurs. Effects of temperature on symptom expression were investigated in subterranean clover plants infected singly or in mixed infection with these pathogens. Plants were maintained in controlled environment rooms at 18°C, 20°C or 22.5°C after sap inoculation withBYMV.K. caulivoraconidia suspensions were inoculated to plants once systemicBYMVsymptoms developed. Plants were assessed for three disease assessment parameters, dead petioles numbers, marginal leaflet necrosis and overall plant damage. In general, mixed infection caused most severe symptoms,K. caulivoraleast severe symptoms, andBYMVsymptoms of intermediate severity. In single infections, effects of temperature on disease severity differed between pathogens:BYMVsymptoms were most pronounced at 18°C, butK. caulivorainduced more severe symptoms at 20°C and 22.5°C. In mixed infections, disease severity generally followed the pattern developed withBYMValone as temperature increased. Also, synergistic increase in disease severity sometimes occurred at 18°C, but increases were only additive at 20°C and 22.5°C. These results reflected the greaterBYMVmultiplication detected in infected leaves at 18°C compared with 20°C or 22.5°C. Our findings indicate that in rainfed subterranean clover pastures, as global warming progresses disease severity from infection withBYMVandK. caulivoraalone may decline or increase, respectively, and mixed infection with them may become less damaging.
Survey of mental health nurses' attitudes towards risk assessment, risk assessment tools and positive risk
Authors: Downes C. , Gill A. , Doyle L. , Morrissey J. , Higgins A. 
Published: April 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Risk assessment and safety planning are a core aspect of the role of the mental health nurse.

Conflicting views exist on the value of risk assessment tools.

Few studies have examined mental health nurses' attitudes towards risk, including use of tools and the role of positive risk in recovery.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Mental health nurses view risk assessment as a core dimension of their role and not merely an exercise to fulfil organizational clinical safety and governance obligations.

The majority of nurses hold positive attitudes towards therapeutic or positive risk, and consider creative risk taking as vital to people's recovery.

The majority of nurses believe that risk assessment tools facilitate professional decision making, however, some are concerned that tools may negatively impact upon therapeutic relationships.

What are the implications for practice?

Ongoing education on the use of risk assessment tools is required to minimize views that their use is incompatible with therapeutic engagement, and to enable nurses to develop confidence to engage with positive risk and to allow service users make decisions and take responsibility.

AbstractIntroductionRisk assessment and safety planning are considered core components of the role of the mental health nurse; however, little is known about nurses' attitudes towards risk assessment, use of tools to assess risk or therapeutic risk taking.AimThis study aimed to explore mental health nurses' attitudes towards completing risk assessments, use of tools as an aid, and therapeutic or positive risk.MethodAn anonymous survey which included 13 attitudinal statements, rated on a five‐point Likert scale, was completed by 381 mental health nurses working in adult services in Ireland.FindingsFindings indicate strong support for the practice of risk assessment in mental health practice. The vast majority of nurses believe that risk assessment tools facilitate professional decision making; however, there is concern that the use of these tools may negatively impact upon therapeutic engagement with service users. The majority of participants have positive attitudes towards therapeutic risk, believing that service users have the right to take informed risks in the context of recovery‐orientated care.DiscussionThe provision of education on the use of risk assessment tools within the context of engagement may help minimize views that the use of assessment tools are incompatible with therapeutic engagement.
Genome‐wide association analysis of actigraphic sleep phenotypes in the LIFE Adult Study
Authors: Spada Janek , Scholz Markus , Kirsten Holger , Hensch Tilman , Horn Katrin , Jawinski Philippe , Ulke Christine , Burkhardt Ralph , Wirkner Kerstin , Loeffler Markus , Hegerl Ulrich , Sander Christian 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe genetic basis of sleep is still poorly understood. Despite the moderate to high heritability of sleep‐related phenotypes, known genetic variants explain only a small proportion of the phenotypical variance. However, most previous studies were based solely upon self‐report measures. The present study aimed to conduct the first genome‐wide association (GWA) of actigraphic sleep phenotypes. The analyses included 956 middle‐ to older‐aged subjects (40–79 years) from the LIFE Adult Study. The SenseWear Pro 3 Armband was used to collect 11 actigraphic parameters of night‐ and daytime sleep and three parameters of rest (lying down). The parameters comprised measures of sleep timing, quantity and quality. A total of 7 141 204 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed after imputation and quality control. We identified several variants below the significance threshold of P ≤ 5× 10−8 (not corrected for analysis of multiple traits). The most significant was a hit near UFL1 associated with sleep efficiency on weekdays (P = 1.39 × 10−8). Further SNPs were close to significance, including an association between sleep latency and a variant in CSNK2A1 (P = 8.20 × 10−8), a gene known to be involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm. In summary, our GWAS identified novel candidate genes with biological plausibility being promising candidates for replication and further follow‐up studies.
Enhanced immunity and antiviral effects of an HBV DNA vaccine delivered by a DC‐targeting protein
Authors: Wang Y. , Wu S. , Wang Z. C. , Zhu X. M. , Yin X. T. , Gao K. , Du Z. Y. , Chen G. Z. , Yu J. Y. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryDNA vaccine targeting delivery to DC represents one effective strategy to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine. In a previous study, we developed a novel DC‐targeting recombinant protein that can deliver plasmid DNA to DCs by an electrostatic coupling effect and can thus improve the uptake efficiency of DCs, improving the expression of plasmid DNA in DCs. In this study, we coupled the protein with the HBV DNA vaccine pSVK‐HBVA and investigated whether the immunogenicity and antiviral ability of the vaccine can be improved in HBV transgenic mice. The results show that a stronger specific immune response can be induced in mice after immunization with the coupling vaccine. The HBV DNA copy number and circulating antigen HBsAg in the serum of HBV transgenic mice were significantly decreased. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that the DC‐targeting protein has the ability to improve the immunogenicity and the antiviral activity of the HBV DNA vaccine pSVK‐HBVA. These findings indicate that this DC‐targeting protein can be a potential method for the delivery of DNA vaccines directly to DCs.
Immune responses to hepatitis B immunization 10–18 years after primary vaccination: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Katoonizadeh A. , Sharafkhah M. , Ostovaneh M. R. , Norouzi A. , Khoshbakht N. , Mohamadkhani A. , Eslami L. , Gharravi A. , Shayanrad A. , Khoshnia M. , Esmaili S. , George J. , Poustchi H. , Malekzadeh R. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWe evaluated the immune response to neonatal HBV immunization in children of infected parents 10–18 years after primary vaccination. Healthy individuals immunized with an infantile course of three doses of HBV vaccine were tested for persistence of anti‐HB surface antibody (HBsAb). Those with an HBsAb level of <10 IU/mL received a booster dose of the vaccine with subsequent doses to those without protective titres. HBsAb concentrations were determined 4 weeks after each dose of the booster vaccine. The data were analysed separately for three age groups: 10–11, 12–14 and 15–18 years old. A total of 541 healthy individuals were studied. The highest seroprotection rate of 48% was observed in the youngest vaccinees (10–11 years old). This declined to 26.5% in the oldest (15–18 years old) group (P = 0.008). The youngest vaccinees showed the highest rate of anamnestic immune responses (96%). However, 25% of oldest individuals failed to mount an anamnestic immune response in challenge with a booster dose of the vaccine (P = 0.005), suggesting waning immunity with increasing age. Age (OR: 0.80; P = 0.01) and prebooster HBsAb levels (OR: 0.37; P = 0.01) identified responders to first booster doses of the vaccine by logistic regression analysis. The majority of high‐risk vaccinees showed anamnestic immune response 10–11 years after primary immunization. However, we found a significant proportion (25%) of older individuals with no anamnetic response, which suggests a waning of immune memory. Detailed long‐term follow‐up studies are necessary to determine the risk of natural infection among these individuals before a booster schedule can be recommended.
Lexical‐Semantic Organization in Bilingually Developing Deaf Children With ASL‐Dominant Language Exposure: Evidence From a Repeated Meaning Association Task
Authors: Mann Wolfgang , Sheng Li , Morgan Gary 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study compared the lexical‐semantic organization skills of bilingually developing deaf children in American Sign Language (ASL) and English with those of a monolingual hearing group. A repeated meaning‐association paradigm was used to assess retrieval of semantic relations in deaf 6–10‐year‐olds exposed to ASL from birth by their deaf parents, with responses coded as syntagmatic or paradigmatic. Deaf children's responses in ASL and English were compared at the within‐group level, and their ASL was compared to the English responses of age‐matched monolingual hearing children. Finally, the two groups were compared on their semantic performance in English. Results showed similar patterns for deaf children's responses in ASL and English to those of hearing monolinguals, but subtle language differences were also revealed. These findings suggest that sign bilinguals’ language development in ASL and English is driven by similar underlying learning mechanisms rooted in the development of semantic frameworks.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. The ASL/English Vocabulary Test is available at http://alsevt.com; access information can be obtained from the first author. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki
Changing structure of benthic foraminiferal communities: implications from experimentally grown assemblages from coastal Georgia and Florida, USA
Authors: Weinmann Anna E. , Goldstein Susan T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEnvironmental changes such as ocean warming or sea‐level rise have a profound impact on shallow‐water coastal environments. Benthic foraminifera have long been successfully used as indicators for ecologic responses. The propagule method is a useful tool to evaluate the reactions of entire assemblages of foraminifera when exposed to different environmental conditions. Here we present results from growth experiments of foraminiferal assemblages from three sites in coastal Georgia and Florida (USA) under different temperatures (18, 24 and 30 °C) and salinities (15 and 35). Results show that assemblages grown at the higher temperatures had greater abundances of foraminifera, whereas salinity was the primary factor in shaping the composition of the experimentally grown assemblages from the three sites. We also show that experimentally grown assemblages contain high numbers of ‘exotic’ species that result from successful propagule recruitment from outside of the original environments (e.g. the open shelf). Overall, opportunistic and previously termed ‘pioneer species’ proved to be the most successful constituents of the experimental assemblages, showing that reactions of foraminiferal assemblages to environmental changes can appear remarkably quickly (e.g. in the course of several weeks). Our observations on the faunal reactions to different temperatures and salinities indicate that ongoing environmental alterations of coastal areas will likely result in significant changes in the shallow‐water foraminiferal assemblages of the coasts of Georgia and Florida. As such, our study provides general insights into the ecologic effects of current climate change.
Highly siderophile and chalcogen element constraints on the origin of components of the Allende and Murchison meteorites
Authors: Kadlag Yogita , Becker Harry 
Published: April 2016

Abstract187Re‐187Os systematics, abundances of highly siderophile elements (HSE: Re, PGE, and Au), chalcogen elements (Te, Se, and S), and some major and minor elements were determined in physically separated components of the Allende (CV3) and Murchison (CM2) carbonaceous chondrites. Substantial differences exist in the absolute and relative abundances of elements in the components, but the similarity of calculated and literature bulk rock abundances of HSE and chalcogens indicate that chemical complementarity exists among the components, with CI chondrite‐like ratios for many elements. Despite subsequent alteration and oxidation, the overall cosmochemical behavior of most moderately to highly siderophile elements during high‐temperature processing has been preserved in components of Allende at the sampling scale of the present study. The 187Re‐187Os systematics and element variations of Allende are less disturbed compared with Murchison, which reflects different degrees of oxidation and alteration of these meteorites. The HSE systematics (with the exception of Au) is controlled by two types of materials: Pd‐depleted condensates and CI chondrite‐like material. Enrichment and heterogeneous distribution of Au among the components is likely the result of hydrothermal alteration. Chalcogen elements are depleted compared with HSE in all components, presumably due to their higher volatility. Small systematic variations of S, Se, and Te in components bear the signature of fractional condensation/partial evaporation and metal–sulfide–silicate partitioning.
Actinidia chlorotic ringspot‐associated virus: a novel emaravirus infecting kiwifruit plants
Authors: Zheng Yazhou , Navarro Beatriz , Wang Guoping , Wang Yanxiang , Yang Zuokun , Xu Wenxing , Zhu Chenxi , Wang Liping , Serio Francesco Di , Hong Ni 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBy integrating next‐generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, electron microscopy and conventional molecular biology tools, a new virus infecting kiwifruit vines has been identified and characterized. Being associated with double‐membrane‐bound bodies in infected tissues and having a genome composed of RNA segments, each one containing a single open reading frame in negative polarity, this virus shows the typical features of members of the genus Emaravirus. Five genomic RNA segments were identified. Additional molecular signatures in the viral RNAs and in the proteins they encode, together with data from phylogenetic analyses, support the proposal of creating a new species in the genus Emaravirus to classify the novel virus, which is tentatively named Actinidia chlorotic ringspot‐associated virus (AcCRaV). Bioassays showed that AcCRaV is mechanically transmissible to Nicotiana benthamiana plants which, in turn, may develop chlorotic spots and ringspots. Field surveys disclosed the presence of AcCRaV in four different species of kiwifruit vines in five different provinces of central and western China, and support the association of the novel virus with symptoms of leaf chlorotic ringspots in Actinidia. Data on the molecular features of small RNAs of 21–24 nucleotides, derived from AcCRaV RNAs targeted by host RNA silencing mechanisms, are also reported, and possible molecular pathways involved in their biogenesis are discussed.