bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Graphene Aerogels Decorated with Cobalt Phosphide Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Han Yujie , Huang Liang , Dong Shaojun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe development of non‐precious‐metal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts with high activity and excellent durability in acidic media is of significant importance for renewable energy research. We report a novel electrocatalyst based on a three‐dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel decorated with cobalt phosphide nanoparticles (CoP/GA). The material has a unique hierarchical porous structure with CoP nanoparticles encapsulated uniformly within the graphene sheets. The optimized catalyst shows superior activity, with an overpotential of only 121 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1, and an exchange current density of 0.105 mA cm−2, and it maintains its catalytic activity for at least 13 h. More importantly, this work provides a versatile way for the rational design and fabrication of 3D graphene‐based multifunctional composite materials.
Tailored Combination of Low Dimensional Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Evolution in Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Yoon Ki Ro , Kim Dae Sik , Ryu Won‐Hee , Song Sung Ho , Youn Doo‐Young , Jung Ji‐Won , Jeon Seokwoo , Park Yong Joon , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Il‐Doo Kim at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Yong Joon Park at Kyonggi University. The image shows that an electric vehicle supported by Li–O2 batteries based on combined catalytic reactions is running on a graphene road. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201600341.
Evolution of endogenous enzyme activities and virgin olive oil characteristics during Chétoui and Chemlali olive ripening
Authors: Hachicha Hbaieb Rim , Kotti Faten , Vichi Stefania , Gargouri Mohamed 
Published: August 2016

The composition and biochemical characteristics of olive fruits, mainly olive enzymes system, are crucial in determining the final quality of virgin olive oil (VOO). Thus, olives endogenous olive enzyme activities were studied during Chétoui and Chemlali olive ripening. The compositional quality of the corresponding VOO was also studied. Peroxidase (POX) and β‐glucosidase activities increased during olives ripening. However, polyphenoloxidase activity decreased slowly. Moreover, the POX enzyme appears to play an essential role in determining VOO total phenol amounts, as the decrease in phenol content registered during olive ripening coincided with the increase in POX activity. A positive correlation between oil antioxidant activity and the total phenol content was established for both the olive cultivars studied. With regard to pigments, chlorophyll content was much higher than that of carotenoids in both Chétoui and Chemlali oils. Moreover, different trends in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were observed, depending on the olive cultivar. Concerning volatile compounds, our results showed that the highest content of total C6, C5 LOX compounds, and pentene dimers was observed at a RI of approximately 3 for both cultivars. However, C6 alcohols and total C5 compounds decreased in Chétoui and Chemlali oils, respectively, during olive ripening.Practical applications: Volatile and phenolic compounds play an important role in determining VOO quality. However, these compounds were affected by numerous factors, such as, endogenous olive enzyme activities. Monitoring these enzymes activities (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and β‐glucosidase) during olive fruits ripening by a simple spectrophotometric assay could be useful to establish an optimum harvesting date for each olive cultivar and their possible correlation with VOO total phenol amount.Evolution of endogenous olive enzyme activities (POX, peroxidase; PPO, polyphenoloxidase; and β‐glucosidase) during Chétoui (●) and Chemlali (○) olive ripening.
Phase II organ‐preservation trial: Concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy for advanced laryngeal cancer after response to docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil–based induction chemotherapy
Authors: Popovtzer Aron , Burnstein Hanna , Stemmer Salomon , Limon Dror , Hili Ohad , Bachar Gideon , Sopov Vladamir , Feinmesser Raphael , Groshar David , Shvero Jacob 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal treatment for locally advanced laryngeal cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this trial was to determine if the response to induction chemotherapy could select patients for organ preservation protocols, and improve larynx‐preservation rates without compromising overall survival (OS).MethodsThe cohort comprised 12 patients with T3 disease and 14 with T4. Induction chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (TPF). Response to the first cycle was determined by examination and positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT. Responders (>50% tumor reduction) underwent chemoradiation, whereas nonresponders underwent laryngectomy.ResultsEighty‐three percent of the patients had a response and 17% had stable or progressive disease. At 2 years, the median OS was 80%, the larynx‐preservation rate was 83%, and the disease‐specific survival rate was 86%. Response to a single TPF cycle was associated with 2‐year OS (92% vs 50%; p = .02). The T classification was not predictive of survival.ConclusionResponse to a single TPF‐based cycle may identify patients with advanced laryngeal cancer who are amenable to organ preservation treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 227–233, 2017
EATING AND FEEDING DISORDERS IN THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF LIFE: REVISING THE DC:0–3R DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD AND RATIONALE FOR THE NEW DC:0–5 PROPOSED CRITERIA
Authors: Keren Miri 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTProblems of eating and feeding are one of the most common reasons of referral to pediatric and infant mental health clinics. This article is drawn from work done by the ZERO TO THREE Task Force developing the DC:0–5 Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, specifically dealing with eating disorders in the first 5 years of life. The proposed changes come from both reviewing major studies and reviews published in the last 10 years and reports from clinicians collected through surveys commissioned by the Task Force. The main changes that are proposed include changes in terminology, such as Eating Disorders instead of Feeding Behavior Disorders, as well as focusing on the child's observed eating symptoms rather than on classifying the eating problems by inferred etiologies. Another major change relates to the differentiation between eating disorders that are observed beyond any specific caregiver–child relationship context and those that are confined to one specific relationship. A new category, Overeating Disorder, has been added, as it has been increasingly recognized as a significant and not rare clinical condition. Two illustrative cases are described. The proposed changes in the classification of eating disorders in the first 5 years of life are intended to encourage both clinicians and researchers to study these important disorders in young children.
SYMPTOM PRESENTATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: APPLICATION TO THE DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (DC:0–5)
Authors: Soto Timothy , Giserman Kiss Ivy , Carter Alice S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTOver the past 5 years, a great deal of information about the early course of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has emerged from longitudinal prospective studies of infants at high risk for developing ASD based on a previously diagnosed older sibling. The current article describes early ASD symptom presentations and outlines the rationale for defining a new disorder, Early Atypical Autism Spectrum Disorder (EA‐ASD) to accompany ASD in the new revision of the ZERO TO THREE Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0–5) (in press) alternative diagnostic classification manual. EA‐ASD is designed to identify children who are 9 to 36 months of age presenting with a minimum of (a) two social‐communication symptoms and (b) one repetitive and restricted behavior symptom as well as (c) evidence of impairment, with the intention of providing these children with appropriately tailored services and improving the likelihood of optimizing their development.
The Millennium Peak in Club Convergence: A New Look at Distributional Changes in The Wealth of Nations
Authors: Krause Melanie 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes an easy‐to‐use nonparametric indicator for club convergence, or convergence within clusters of countries: it measures whether the modes of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita distribution become more pronounced over time. Relying on changes in the critical bandwidth for unimodality, the indicator is a dynamic extension of concepts from often‐used multimodality tests. Its evolution suggests the new empirical result of a ‘millennium peak’ in club convergence in the worldwide GDP per capita distribution. The club convergence movements of the 1980s and 1990s, when groups of poor and rich countries converged to two separate points, was followed by a de‐clubbing movement after the turn of the millennium. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex Differences and Growth-Related Adaptations in Bone Microarchitecture, Geometry, Density, and Strength From Childhood to Early Adulthood: A Mixed Longitudinal HR-pQCT Study
Authors: Gabel Leigh , Macdonald Heather M , McKay Heather A 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Sex differences in bone strength and fracture risk are well documented. However, we know little about bone strength accrual during growth and adaptations in bone microstructure, density, and geometry that accompany gains in bone strength. Thus, our objectives were to (1) describe growth related adaptations in bone microarchitecture, geometry, density, and strength at the distal tibia and radius in boys and girls; and (2) compare differences in adaptations in bone microarchitecture, geometry, density, and strength between boys and girls. We used HR-pQCT at the distal tibia (8% site) and radius (7% site) in 184 boys and 209 girls (9 to 20 years old at baseline). We aligned boys and girls on a common maturational landmark (age at peak height velocity [APHV]) and fit a mixed effects model to these longitudinal data. Importantly, boys showed 28% to 63% greater estimated bone strength across 12 years of longitudinal growth. Boys showed 28% to 80% more porous cortices compared with girls at both sites across all biological ages, except at the radius at 9 years post-APHV. However, cortical density was similar between boys and girls at all ages at both sites, except at 9 years post-APHV at the tibia when girls’ values were 2% greater than boys’. Boys showed 13% to 48% greater cortical and total bone area across growth. Load-to-strength ratio was 26% to 27% lower in boys at all ages, indicating lower risk of distal forearm fracture compared with girls. Contrary to previous HR-pQCT studies that did not align boys and girls at the same biological age, we did not observe sex differences in Ct.BMD. Boys’ superior bone size and strength compared with girls may confer them a protective advantage. However, boys’ consistently more porous cortices may contribute to their higher fracture incidence during adolescence. Large prospective studies using HR-pQCT that target boys and girls who have sustained a fracture are needed to verify this. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Light and electron microscopic analyses of the high deformability of adhesive toe pads in White's tree frog, Litoria caerulea
Authors: Nakano Masato , Saino Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWhite's tree frog (Litoria caerulea) has large, adhesive toe pads that are among the softest of all known biological structures. To explore the morphological basis for the physical properties of the toe pads, the internal microstructure of the toe pads in L. caerulea was examined using both light and transmission electron microscopy. Three design elements that are distinct from other areas of skin were observed. First, the keratinocytes comprising the adhesive surface of the toe pad all contained keratin filament bundles (tonofibrils) exhibiting structural anisotropy. Specifically, the curved conformation of the hierarchical (branching) tonofibrils was characterized by the formation of anastomoses consisting of tonofibrils beneath the adhesive cell surface and stem keratin filament bundles concentrated in the lower‐middle part of the dorsal‐side of adhesive cells. Second, the cytoplasm of keratinocytes in the most superficial cell layer contained glycoproteins (stained by periodic acid/Schiff reagent) that are considered to confer high viscoelasticity. Third, the dermis contained large lymph spaces interspersed with elastic fibers and collagen fibers, which were relatively sparsely distributed compared to the dorsal skin of the toe pads. The profiles of these structures were easily deformed by the slight application of pressure. These findings reaffirmed that the unique internal architecture of the toe pads in L. caerulea contributed to their remarkable softness and high deformability, which in turn increased the contact area and provided improved adaptability to the local topography of natural surfaces. J. Morphol. 277:1509–1516, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of metabolite concentrations in benign and malignant prostate tissues using 3D proton MR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Weis Jan , von Below Catrin , Tolf Anna , Ortiz‐Nieto Francisco , Wassberg Cecilia , Häggman Michael , Ladjevardi Sam , Ahlström Håkan 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo estimate concentrations of choline (Cho), spermine (Spm), and citrate (Cit) in prostate tissue using 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) with water as an internal concentration reference as well as to assess the relationships between the measured metabolites and also between the metabolites and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Materials and MethodsForty‐six prostate cancer patients were scanned at 3T. Spectra were acquired with the point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localization technique. Single‐voxel spectra of four healthy volunteers were used to estimate T1 relaxation time of Spm. Spm, Cho concentrations, and ADC values of benign prostate tissues were correlated with Cit content.ResultsThe T1 value, 708 ± 132 msec, was estimated for Spm. Mean concentrations in the benign peripheral zone (PZ) were Cho, 4.5 ± 1 mM, Spm, 13.0 ± 4.4 mM, Cit, 64.4 ± 16.1 mM. Corresponding values in the benign central gland (CG) were Cho, 3.6 ± 1 mM, Spm, 13.3 ± 4.5 mM, Cit, 34.3 ± 12.9 mM. Concentrations of Cit and Spm were positively correlated in the benign PZ zone (r = 0.730) and CG (r = 0.664). Positive correlation was found between Cit and Cho in the benign CG (r = 0.705). Whereas Cit and ADC were positively correlated in the benign PZ (r = 0.673), only low correlation was found in CG (r = 0.265).ConclusionWe have shown that it is possible to perform water‐referenced quantitative 3D MRSI of the prostate at the cost of a relatively short prolongation of the acquisition time. The individual metabolite concentrations provide additional information compared to the previously used metabolite‐to‐citrate ratios.Level of Evidence: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1232–1240
Comparison study between multicontrast atherosclerosis characterization (MATCH) and conventional multicontrast MRI of carotid plaque with histology validation
Authors: Dai Yuanyuan , Lv Peng , Lin Jiang , Luo Rongkui , Liu Hao , Ji Aihua , Liu Hui , Fu Caixia 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo compare Multicontrast ATherosclerosis Characterization (MATCH) with conventional multicontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the characterization and quantification of carotid plaque components.Materials and MethodsFifty‐three consecutive patients underwent carotid plaque 3.0T MRI including conventional multicontrast sequences and MATCH, with 13 of them having carotid endarterectomy for histology validation. The detection of major plaque components including lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC), loose matrix (LM), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and calcification (CA) and measurement of lumen area, outer wall area, normalized wall index (NWI), and plaque components areas were compared between the two protocols.ResultsPlaque analysis and comparison were done on 298 matched cross‐sectional MRI. MATCH detected significantly more calcifications than conventional consequences (P < 0.01). The difference in detection of IPH (P = 0.07) and LRNC (P = 0.10) approached significance. There was no significant difference in demonstration of LM (P =0.52). A larger area of IPH and CA was measured on MATCH (P < 0.01). The difference nearly reached significance between the two protocols in measuring lumen area (P = 0.09) and outer wall area (P = 0.08). No significant difference was found when measuring the mean area of LRNC (P = 0.15) and LM (P = 0.14) and NWI (P = 0.38). By using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the accuracy of MATCH and conventional protocols did not differ significantly in the detection of IPH (P = 0.15), LRNC (P = 0.61), LM (P = 0.48), and CA (P = 0.11) when histology served as a reference.ConclusionMATCH was comparable if not superior to conventional protocol in identification and quantification of major carotid plaque components.Level of Evidence: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:764–770.
Agricultural anaerobic digestion power plants in Ireland and Germany: policy and practice
Authors: Auer Agathe , Vande Burgt Nathan H , Abram Florence , Barry Gerald , Fenton Owen , Markey Bryan K , Nolan Stephen , Richards Karl , Bolton Declan , De Waal Theo , Gordon Stephen V , O'Flaherty Vincent , Whyte Paul , Zintl Annetta 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe process of anaerobic digestion (AD) is valued as a carbon‐neutral energy source, while simultaneously treating organic waste, making it safer for disposal or use as a fertilizer on agricultural land. The AD process in many European nations, such as Germany, has grown from use of small, localized digesters to the operation of large‐scale treatment facilities, which contribute significantly to national renewable energy quotas. However, these large AD plants are costly to run and demand intensive farming of energy crops for feedstock. Current policy in Germany has transitioned to support funding for smaller digesters, while also limiting the use of energy crops. AD within Ireland, as a new technology, is affected by ambiguous governmental policies concerning waste and energy. A clear governmental strategy supporting on‐site AD processing of agricultural waste will significantly reduce Ireland's carbon footprint, improve the safety and bioavailability of agricultural waste, and provide an indigenous renewable energy source. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Patterns of olfactory impairment reflect underlying disease etiology
Authors: Whitcroft Katherine L. , Cuevas Mandy , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether the pattern of olfactory impairment seen in psychophysical testing reflects underlying disease etiology.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 1,226 patients from our tertiary referral center. Only hyposmic patients with the following conditions were included: postinfectious hyposmia, posttraumatic hyposmia, hyposmia secondary to sinonasal disease, and hyposmia secondary to Parkinson disease. Patients with anosmia were excluded.ResultsUsing a repeated measures analysis of variance (within subject factor “test”: threshold [T], discrimination [D], identification [I]; between subject factor: “etiology”) with posthoc Bonferroni corrected t tests, we found significant interaction between the factors “test” and “etiology” (F6,2444 = 8.46, P < 0.001), indicating that different causes of hyposmia produce different patterns of olfactory loss with respect to the individual subtests T, D, and I . Specifically, patients with Parkinson disease performed relatively well in odor threshold testing, but poorly in odor identification and discrimination compared with the other etiology groups. Conversely, patients with sinonasal disease performed well in odor identification and discrimination but poorly in odor threshold. Patients with postinfectious and posttraumatic hyposmia performed relatively well in both thresholds and discrimination but poorly in identification. However, patients with posttraumatic hyposmia had globally reduced scores compared with the other groups.ConclusionThis is the first study to comprehensively show that patterns of olfactory impairment reflect underlying disease etiology. We suggest that multicomponent olfactory testing should be performed, especially if there is diagnostic uncertainty. However, to clearly separate different patterns of olfactory loss to the various causes at an individual level, more work is needed.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:291–295, 2017
Simple, efficient location‐based routing for data center network using IP address hierarchy
Authors: Ashok Kumar A. R. , Rao S. V. , Goswami Diganta 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIncreasing demand and sophistication of applications deployed on data centers resulted in various designs for data center networks (DCNs). One of the major challenges in the design of DCNs is the design of routing protocol that scales to support millions of servers that a typical DCN hosts. Many alternative routing protocols are proposed to overcome the scalability problem of conventional routing protocols such as Open Shortest Path First and Routing Information Protocol. These alternative protocols that use topology characteristics of DCN are broadly classified as source routing and location‐based routing. In the process of fixing the scalability problem, these protocols introduced additional complexities such as large network control overhead and reprogramming of network elements. The extra control overhead in these protocols is the result of their effort to determine the relative location of the end hosts in a given topology. Further, existing location‐based routing is not entirely location based and covers only the latter half of a route. In our work, we present a new location‐based routing based on IP address hierarchy that (a) does not need any additional network control plane and management planes, (b) deployable on proven network technologies, and (c) covers entire path of the route. We establish the correlation between topology design and address assignments that helps determining the location of an end host directly from the address assigned to it. We demonstrate our proposed location‐based routing on an existing proven architecture for DCN, BCube‐IP and on our proposed architecture 4‐4, 1‐4. We give proper justification for proposing 4‐4, 1‐4, a better design for our proposed location‐based routing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.