bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The danger of being inattentive – ADHD symptoms and risky sexual behaviour in Russian adolescents
Authors: Isaksson J. , Stickley A. , Koposov R. , Ruchkin V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground:Prior research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may be associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviour (RSB). However, research on this association among adolescents has been comparatively limited and mainly confined to North America. The aim of this study was to examine if inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were linked to RSB in a community cohort sample of Russian adolescents.Methods:The study was based on a group of 537 adolescents from Northern Russia. Information on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as well as conduct problems was obtained through teacher ratings, while information on RSB (previous unprotected sex, number of sexual partners, sex while intoxicated and partner pregnancies), substance use, perception of risk, and parenting behaviour was based on students’ self-reports. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between the variables.Results:Teacher-rated inattention symptoms predicted RSB, independently of co-morbid conduct problems, substance use, risk perception, and different parenting styles (parental warmth, involvement and control). In addition, male sex, binge drinking and a lower assessment of perceived risk were all significantly associated with RSB in an adjusted model. Neither teacher-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms nor conduct problems were linked to RSB in the full model.Conclusions:Deficits in planning and organizing behaviours, being easily distracted and forgetful seem to be of importance for RSB in Russian adolescents. This highlights the importance of discriminating between different ADHD symptoms in adolescence to prevent risk behaviours and their potentially detrimental outcomes on health and well-being.
Differential DNA Methylation in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Female Sexual Functioning
Authors: Burri Andrea , Leupin Myriam , Spector Timothy , Marinova Zoya 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Research has repeatedly suggested genetic and environmental factors in the etiology underlying female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Because sexual functioning is a highly variable trait, epigenetics could provide a promising approach to tackle the origins of FSD and consequently offer a step-change in our understanding of these problems.

Aim
To identify differentially methylated CpG positions for sexual functioning in a sample of monozygotic twin pairs discordant for sexual functioning.

Methods
The sample consisted of 33 trait-discordant monozygotic twin pairs (mean age = 54.1 years, SD = 9.05) from the Twins UK Registry. Phenotypic data on sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index–Lifelong (FSFI-LL). The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 DNA BeadChip was used for epigenome-wide analyses of DNA methylation in whole-blood samples.

Outcomes
Comparison of DNA methylation patterns associated with the FSFI-LL total score and its six subdomains.

Results
Two differentially methylated CpG positions (cg09580409 and cg14734994) reaching experiment-wide statistical significance were found for overall sexual functioning, mapping to MGC45800 and the threonine synthase-like 2 gene (THNSL2), respectively. Furthermore, potential biologically relevant candidates for sexual desire (CUB and zona pellucida-like domains 1, CUZD1) and satisfaction (solute carrier family 6 member 19, SLC6A19) were identified.

Clinical Translation
THNSL2 and SLC6A19, which have been linked to weight and adiposity, might represent novel candidates for sexual problems in women.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to investigate epigenetic mechanisms underlying FSD. The study used a relative small sample of monozygotic female twins. The cutoff to determine discordance in sexual problems was chosen based on a 10% FSFI score difference. Therefore, the results have to be interpreted with caution and need replication in larger clinical samples.

Conclusion
Understanding how genes and environment interact to influence our sexuality might inform clinical practice and lead to new treatments for women experiencing FSD.
Creating opioid dependence in the emergency department
Authors: Upadhye Suneel 
Published: September 2017

Clinical questionWhat is the risk of creating opioid dependence from an ED opioid prescription?Article chosenBarnett ML, Olenski AR, Jena AB. Opioid-prescribing patterns of emergency physicians and risk of long-term use. N Engl J Med 2017;376:663-73, doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1610524.ObjectiveThis study examined the risk of creating long-term opioid dependence from a prescription written in an opioid-naive patient in the ED.
Past as Prologue? The Risk of Adoption of Chemical and Biological Weapons by Non-State Actors in the EU
Authors: REVILL James 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere have been relatively few serious incidents of chemical or biological terrorism in Europe; however, there is growing concern over how non-state groups might exploit chemistry and biology for hostile purposes in the future. This article uses the historical record of past incidents of chemical and biological weapons (CBW) adoption by non-state actors to inform understandings of the current and future risks. To achieve this, the article analyses six interlinked clusters of factors that can be seen as important in assessing the risk of whether or not to adopt such weapons. These are: the perceived relative advantage of CBW and their utilities; the complexity of such weapons; their ideological compatibility; the role of organisational structures; the visibility and ‘fashionability’ of such weapons; and the wider environmental context. Drawing from past cases of CBW adoption and the present European context, an analysis of these factors suggests that sophisticated CBW with gigantic effect are possible, but unlikely; however, the adoption and use of scruffy low-level chemical weapons is a distinct possibility. Accordingly, European public health agencies need to prepare for the possibility of a variety of CBW, not all of which are likely to be weapons of “mass destruction”.
Analysis of the forward and backward in time pair-separation probability density functions for inertial particles in isotropic turbulence
Authors: Bragg Andrew D. 
Published: September 2017

In this paper we investigate, using theory and direct numerical simulations (DNS), the forward in time (FIT) and backward in time (BIT) probability density functions (PDFs) of the separation of inertial particle pairs in isotropic turbulence. In agreement with our earlier study (Bragg et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 28, 2016, 013305), where we compared the FIT and BIT mean-square separations, we find that inertial particles separate much faster BIT than FIT, with the strength of the irreversibility depending upon the final/initial separation of the particle pair and their Stokes number $St$. However, we also find that the irreversibility shows up in subtle ways in the behaviour of the full PDF that it does not in the mean-square separation. In the theory, we derive new predictions, including a prediction for the BIT/FIT PDF for $St\geqslant O(1)$, and for final/initial separations in the dissipation regime. The prediction shows how caustics in the particle relative velocities in the dissipation range affect the scaling of the pair-separation PDF, leading to a PDF with an algebraically decaying tail. The predicted functional behaviour of the PDFs is universal, in that it does not depend upon the level of intermittency in the underlying turbulence. We also analyse the pair-separation PDFs for fluid particles at short times, and construct theoretical predictions using the multifractal formalism to describe the fluid relative velocity distributions. The theoretical and numerical results both suggest that the extreme events in the inertial particle-pair dispersion at the small scales are dominated by their non-local interaction with the turbulent velocity field, rather than due to the strong dissipation range intermittency of the turbulence itself. In fact, our theoretical results predict that for final/initial separations in the dissipation range, when $St\gtrsim 1$, the tails of the pair-separation PDFs decay faster as the Taylor Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ is increased, the opposite of what would be expected for fluid particles.
Effective reaction rate on a heterogeneous surface
Authors: Sangani Ashok S. 
Published: September 2017

We examine the problem of prescribing the macroscale boundary condition to the solute convective–diffusive mass transport equation at a heterogeneous surface consisting of reactive circular disks distributed uniformly on a non-reactive surface. The reaction rate at the disks is characterized by a first-order kinetics. This problem was examined by Shah & Shaqfeh (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 782, 2015, pp. 260–299) who obtained the boundary condition in terms of an effective first-order rate constant, which they determined as a function of the Péclet number $Pe=\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}a^{2}/D$, the fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ of the surface area occupied by the reactive disks and the non-dimensional reaction rate constant $K=ka/D$. Here, $a$ is the radius of the disks, $D$ is the solute diffusivity, $\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}$ is the wall shear rate and $k$ is the first-order surface-reaction rate constant. Their analysis assumed that $Pe$ and $K$ are $O(1)$ while the ratio of the microscale $a$ to the macroscale $H$ is small. The macroscale transport process is convection–diffusion dominated under these conditions. We examine here the case when the non-dimensional numbers based on the macroscale $H$ are $O(1)$. In this limit the microscale transport problem is reaction rate dominated. We find that the boundary condition can be expressed in terms of an effective rate constant only up to $O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}=a/H$. Higher-order expressions for the mass flux involve both the macroscopic concentration and its surface gradient. The $O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$ microscale problem is relatively easy to solve as the convective effects are unimportant and it is possible to obtain analytical expressions for the effective rate constant as a function of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ for both periodic and random arrangement of the disks without having to solve the boundary integral equation as was done by Shah and Shaqfeh. The results thus obtained are shown to be in good agreement with those obtained numerically by Shah and Shaqfeh for $Pe=0$. In a separate study, Shah et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 811, 2017, pp. 372–399) examined the inverse-geometry problem in which the disks are inert and the rest of the surface surrounding them is reactive. We show that the two problems are related when $Pe=0$ and $kH/D=O(1)$. Finally, a related problem of determining the current density at a surface consisting of an array of microelectrodes is also examined and the analytical results obtained for the current density are found to agree well with the computed values obtained by solving the integral equation numerically by Lucas et al. (SIAM J. Appl. Maths, vol. 57(6), 1997, pp. 1615–1638) over a wide range of parameters characterizing this problem.
Reply to ‘Climate of doubt: a re-evaluation of Büntgen and Di Cosmo’s environmental hypothesis for the Mongol withdrawal from Hungary, 1242 CE’
Authors: Büntgen Ulf , Cosmo Nicola Di 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn our 2016 article in Scientific Reports, we advanced a new hypothesis for the Mongol withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 CE, based on a joint analysis of climatic, environmental, and historical data. The re-evaluation now offered by Pinke et al. casts doubt on this hypothesis. However, their arguments are based on a level of generality that fails to appreciate the specific conditions of the Mongol invasion, do not offer new or different climatic data, and are supported by anachronistic production data and environmental information, which cannot be related to the period in question. While we acknowledge the importance of an open debate, we stand by our conclusions.
The lncRNA BORG Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis and Disease Recurrence
Authors: Gooding Alex J. , Zhang Bing , Jahanbani Fereshteh Kenari , Gilmore Hannah L. , Chang Jenny C. , Valadkhan Saba , Schiemann William P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of breast cancer development and progression, including the metastatic spread of disease. Through in silico and biological analyses, we identified a novel lncRNA, BMP/OP-Responsive Gene (BORG), whose expression directly correlates with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, as well as with metastatic competence and disease recurrence in multiple clinical cohorts. Mechanistically, BORG elicits the metastatic outgrowth of latent breast cancer cells by promoting the localization and transcriptional repressive activity of TRIM28, which binds BORG and induces substantial alterations in carcinoma proliferation and survival. Moreover, inhibiting BORG expression in metastatic breast cancer cells impedes their metastatic colonization of the lungs of mice, implying that BORG acts as a novel driver of the genetic and epigenetic alterations that underlie the acquisition of metastatic and recurrent phenotypes by breast cancer cells.
Sequence analysis of feline immunoglobulin mRNAs and the development of a felinized monoclonal antibody specific to feline panleukopenia virus
Authors: Lu Zhengchun , Tallmadge Rebecca L. , Callaway Heather M. , Felippe M. Julia B. , Parker John S. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn response to immunization, B-cells generate a repertoire of antigen-specific antibodies. Antibody-based immunotherapies hold great promise for treating a variety of diseases in humans. Application of antibody-based immunotherapy in cats is limited by the lack of species-specific complete sequences for mRNAs encoding rearranged heavy and light chain immunoglobulins in B cells. To address this barrier, we isolated mRNAs from feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and used available immunoglobulin sequences and 5′ and 3′ RACE to clone and sequence heavy and light chain immunoglobulin mRNAs. We recovered mRNA from PBMCs from two cats, cloned and sequenced the variable and constant domains of the feline heavy chains of IgG1a (IGHG1a), IgG2 (IGHG2), and IgA (IGHA), and the light chains (lambda and kappa). Using these sequences, we prepared two bicistronic vectors for mammalian expression of a representative feline heavy (IGHG1a) together with a light (lambda or kappa) chain. Here we report novel feline Ig sequences, a technique to express antigen-specific felinized monoclonal antibodies, and the initial characterization of a functional felinized monoclonal antibody against feline panleukopenia virus.
One-Pot Synthesis of Polypyrazoles by Click Reactions
Authors: Wang Shasha , Cheng Bin 
Published: September 2017

AbastractWe developed an efficient one-pot metal-free click polymerization procedure for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted polypyrazoles with high yields, high molecular weights, and narrow molecular weight distribution. The method involved two click reactions in a one-pot synthesis. The first reaction was the carbonyl chemistry of “non-aldol” type (condensation reaction of aldehydes with p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide), and the second was a click polymerization reaction of diazo compounds with alkynes. The reactions occurred sequentially by adding the reactants step by step. The diazo compound needed for the second click reaction was generated in situ by the first click reaction. The structures of the polypyrazoles were characterized by IR and 1H NMR analyses. And their thermal properties and solubility were also tested.
Characterization of a putative Plasmodium falciparum SAC1 phosphoinositide-phosphatase homologue potentially required for survival during the asexual erythrocytic stages
Authors: Thériault Catherine , Richard Dave 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite marked reductions in morbidity and mortality in the last ten years, malaria still takes a tremendous toll on human populations throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The absence of an effective vaccine and resistance to most antimalarial drugs available demonstrate the urgent need for new intervention strategies. Phosphoinositides are a class of lipids with critical roles in numerous processes and their specific subcellular distribution, generated through the action of kinases and phosphatases, define organelle identity in a wide range of eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have highlighted important functions of phosphoinositide kinases in several parts of the Plasmodium lifecycle such as hemoglobin endocytosis and cytokinesis during the erythrocytic stage however, nothing is known with regards to the parasite’s putative phosphoinositide phosphatases. We present the identification and initial characterization of a putative homologue of the SAC1 phosphoinositide phosphatase family. Our results show that the protein is expressed throughout the asexual blood stages and that it localises to the endoplasmic reticulum and potentially to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, conditional knockdown and knockout studies suggest that a minimal amount of the protein are likely required for survival during the erythrocytic cycle.
New double V‐groove plasmonic waveguide for electro‐optic modulator
Authors: Salehi Mohsen , Granpayeh Nosrat 
Published: September 2017

In this study, a novel plasmonic waveguide structure consisting of two mutually positioned V‐grooves for using as an electro‐optic phase modulator has been designed. The key challenge in designing an active plasmonic channel is that the bias field distribution should properly overlap the plasmonic field distribution. The active performance of the waveguide structure has been studied in a single electro‐optic phase modulator and also in an all‐plasmonic Mach–Zehnder structure. A new plasmonic splitter has been also proposed and analysed for using in the Mach–Zehnder structure. A high overlapping of bias field and plasmonic field along with low loss of 0.22 dB/µm, low value of Uπ Lπ  = 0.1 V mm, high bandwidth and high extinction ratio of 32 dB has been achieved simultaneously through the authors' new proposed plasmonic waveguide structure.
A Comparison of the Double-Half Bilobe Flap to the Traditional Bilobe Flap: Cohort Analysis of a Single Surgeon Experience
Authors: Baird Brandon , Moubayed Sami , Most Sam 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe double-half bilobe flap was initially described by the senior author (S.P.M.) in 2012 to address defects of the midline nasal tip typically after ablative carcinoma resection. It is a unique reconstructive option for the nasal tip, as it does not depend on a unilateral tissue advancement vector, instead using bilateral and opposing vectors to maintain symmetry. In this retrospective cohort series, we evaluated patient- and physician-derived outcomes and baseline characteristics from a group of 17 patients that underwent reconstruction with the double-half bilobe flap. A control group of 65 patients that underwent traditional bilobe reconstruction for defects of one nasal subunit (tip, side wall, or dorsum) was used for comparison. Outcome measures included infection, symmetry, pin-cushioning, scarring, reoperation, and adjunct procedures. Also, patient satisfaction was evaluated by using frequency of follow-up as a surrogate for patient discontentment with aesthetic outcome. The double-half bilobe flap provides improved symmetry and otherwise similar overall outcomes compared with the traditional bilobe flap, and should be considered as a primary option for the reconstruction of midline nasal tip defects less than 15 mm in diameter.
The Facial Soft Tissue Effects of Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Lloyd Timothy , East Charles , Naini Farhad , Gill Daljit 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrthognathic surgery is undertaken to correct anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse anomalies of the maxilla and mandible. Surgery has significant effects on the overlying soft tissue envelope. Some of these effects are beneficial while others may be detrimental to facial aesthetics. This review aims to update the reader on what soft tissue changes occur following orthognathic surgery to the mandible and maxilla. It is important to anticipate the detrimental effects of orthognathic surgery as this will allow the patient to be warned about them before treatment and in some cases, adjunctive procedures may be planned to limit the unwanted changes.
An Alternative Technique of Coronary Button Implantation in Patients Undergoing Modified Bentall's Procedure
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal , Rao Keerthi , Narang Rajiv , Kapoor Poonam , Choudhury Minati , Choudhury Arindam , Ramakrishnan Pradeep 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present two modifications of the “button technique” and proximal aortic conduit suturing for patients undergoing modified Bentall's procedure. We interposed a glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardial strip between the graft and native coronary ostia during coronary ostial implantation and placed interrupted aortic annular pledgeted mattress sutures to ensure perfect hemostasis at the suture lines.
Quality of Life—Changes after Rhinoplasty
Authors: Niehaus Richard , Kovacs Lazlo , Machens Hans-Günther , Herschbach Peter , Papadopulos Nikolaos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOur study group has researched for >10 years in the field of Quality of Life after plastic, aesthetic, and reconstructive surgery, asking the following questions: “Does aesthetic surgery improve the Quality of Life?” and “Can a higher Quality of Life offset the risk of surgical procedures.” As part of our series of studies examining the correlation of cosmetic surgery and the postoperative well-being, this study examines the influence of rhinoplasty, as a single indication, specifically on the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients. The data of 90 patients who underwent rhinoplasty between 1997 and 2007 were prospectively collected and were retrospectively analyzed. For a competitive analysis, our evaluation was divided into the following five parts: a self-developed indication-specific questionnaire and the standardized instruments Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), Questions on Life SatisfactionModules (FLZM), Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI-R), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSES). Numerous improvements in patients' QoL were observed. The result of the GBI (17.19) based on a scale –100 to 100 indicates an improved QoL after rhinoplasty. Significant improvements in the item relationship/sexuality were shown in the general part of the FLZM (p = 0.042). The average score (6.32) on a scale of 0 to 14 in the FPI-R questionnaire resulted in a common emotionality and self-assessment, while the RSES (33.64) on a scale 10 to 40 indicated a high self-confidence and a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.0001) compared with German norm data. The knowledge of positive social and psychological benefits and an improved sexuality in the partnership support the meaningfulness of rhinoplasty.