bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and COX‐2 Inhibitory Potential of Alkaloids from Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. Leaves
Authors: Chandel Madhu , Kumar Manish , Sharma Upendra , Singh Bikram , Kaur Satwinderjeet 
Published: December 2016

In the present study, an ayurvedic medicinal plant, Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. commonly known as ‘Kadamb’ was explored for its potential against oxidative stress and cancer. The fractions namely AC‐4 and ACALK (alkaloid rich fraction) were isolated from A. cadamba leaves by employing two different isolation methods and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The structure of the isolated AC‐4 was characterized tentatively as dihydrocadambine by using various spectroscopic techniques such as ESI‐QTOF‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC. Results of various antioxidant assays viz. 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS cation radical, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and plasmid nicking assay demonstrated that both the fractions viz. AC‐4 and ACALK possess ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS radicals and effectively protected plasmid pBR322 DNA from damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Further, when both fractions were evaluated for their potential to suppress growth of HeLa and COLO 205 cells, only ACALK fraction showed antiproliferative effects. ACALK exhibited GI50 of 205.98 and 99.54 μg/ml in HeLa and COLO 205 cell lines, respectively. Results of Hoechst staining in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells confirmed that ACALK induced cell death in HeLa cells via apoptotic mode. Both the fractions also inhibited COX‐2 enzyme activity.
Chemical Synthesis of K34‐Ubiquitylated H2B for Nucleosome Reconstitution and Single‐Particle Cryo‐Electron Microscopy Structural Analysis
Authors: Li Jiabin , He Qiaoqiao , Liu Yuntao , Liu Sanling , Tang Shan , Li Chengmin , Sun Demeng , Li Xiaorun , Zhou Min , Zhu Ping , Bi Guoqiang , Zhou Zhenghong , Zheng Ji‐Shen , Tian Changlin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (e.g., ubiquitylation) of histones play important roles in dynamic regulation of chromatin. Histone ubiquitylation has been speculated to directly influence the structure and dynamics of nucleosomes. However, structural information for ubiquitylated nucleosomes is still lacking. Here we report an alternative strategy for total chemical synthesis of homogenous histone H2B‐K34‐ubiquitylation (H2B‐K34Ub) by using acid‐cleavable auxiliary‐mediated ligation of peptide hydrazides for site‐specific ubiquitylation. Synthetic H2B‐K34Ub was efficiently incorporated into nucleosomes and further used for single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) imaging. The cryo‐EM structure of the nucleosome containing H2B‐K34Ub suggests that two flexible ubiquitin domains protrude between the DNA chains of the nucleosomes. The DNA chains around the H2B‐K34 sites shift and provide more space for ubiquitin to protrude. These analyses indicated local and slight structural influences on the nucleosome with ubiquitylation at the H2B‐K34 site.
Radial Artery Catheterization
Authors: Mintz Ari J. , Levy Michael S. 
Published: December 2016

Key Points

The radial artery has gained favor as the access of choice for many operators due to a lower risk of vascular complications.
The vascular anatomy of the left upper extremity may be more conducive to cardiac catheterization given reduced subclavian tortuosity.
The left radial artery continues to be an arrow in the quiver of modern interventional cardiologist and may provide less radiation exposure when compared to the right radial artery.
Silver‐Catalyzed [2+1] Cyclopropenation of Alkynes with Unstable Diazoalkanes: N‐Nosylhydrazones as Room‐Temperature Decomposable Diazo Surrogates
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Li Qiangqiang , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe [2+1] cycloaddition of alkynes with diazo compounds represents one of the most powerful and reliable methods for the construction of cyclopropenes. However, it remains a formidable challenge to accomplish the cyclopropenation of alkynes with non‐stabilized diazoalkanes, owing to the fact that such compounds are unstable and prone to detonation. Herein, we report a general silver‐catalyzed cyclopropenation reaction of alkynes with unstable diazoalkanes, by for the first time the discovery and application of N‐nosylhydrazones as room‐temperature decomposiable diazo surrogates. This method allows for the efficient assembly a wide variety of cyclopropene derivatives that are otherwise difficult to access by conventional methods.
The Search Engine for Multi‐Proteoform Complexes: An Online Tool for the Identification and Stoichiometry Determination of Protein Complexes
Authors: Skinner Owen S. , Schachner Luis F. , Kelleher Neil L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent advances in top‐down mass spectrometry using native electrospray now enable the analysis of intact protein complexes with relatively small sample amounts in an untargeted mode. Here, we describe how to characterize both homo‐ and heteropolymeric complexes with high molecular specificity using input data produced by tandem mass spectrometry of whole protein assemblies. The tool described is a “search engine for multi‐proteoform complexes,” (SEMPC) and is available for free online. The output is a list of candidate multi‐proteoform complexes and scoring metrics, which are used to define a distinct set of one or more unique protein subunits, their overall stoichiometry in the intact complex, and their pre‐ and post‐translational modifications. Thus, we present an approach for the identification and characterization of intact protein complexes from native mass spectrometry data. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
cgpCaVEManWrapper: Simple Execution of CaVEMan in Order to Detect Somatic Single Nucleotide Variants in NGS Data
Authors: Jones David , Raine Keiran M. , Davies Helen , Tarpey Patrick S. , Butler Adam P. , Teague Jon W. , Nik‐Zainal Serena , Campbell Peter J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCaVEMan is an expectation maximization–based somatic substitution‐detection algorithm that is written in C. The algorithm analyzes sequence data from a test sample, such as a tumor relative to a reference normal sample from the same patient and the reference genome. It performs a comparative analysis of the tumor and normal sample to derive a probabilistic estimate for putative somatic substitutions. When combined with a set of validated post‐hoc filters, CaVEMan generates a set of somatic substitution calls with high recall and positive predictive value. Here we provide instructions for using a wrapper script called cgpCaVEManWrapper, which runs the CaVEMan algorithm and additional downstream post‐hoc filters. We describe both a simple one‐shot run of cgpCaVEManWrapper and a more in‐depth implementation suited to large‐scale compute farms. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tracking the Activity of mTORC1 in Living Cells Using Genetically Encoded FRET‐based Biosensor TORCAR
Authors: Zhou Xin , Li Simin , Zhang Jin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that responds to multiple distinct signals (e.g., growth factors, amino acids, stress, and energy level) and coordinates cell growth and proliferation. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which these stimuli regulate the activity of mTORC1 are still not fully understood. The spatial compartmentalization of mTORC1 signaling has been suggested as an important mechanism for mTORC1 to achieve the signal specificity and efficiency. To examine the spatial regulation of the activity of mTORC1 in live cells, we describe a protocol using a newly developed molecular tool, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based mTORC1 activity reporter, TORCAR. When expressed in the cell, TORCAR acts as a surrogate substrate of mTORC1, and exhibits a change in FRET in response to phosphorylation by mTORC1. Genetically targeting TORCAR to specific subcellular locations further allows for the characterization of spatial compartmentalized mTORC1 signaling. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cyclic Immunofluorescence (CycIF), A Highly Multiplexed Method for Single‐cell Imaging
Authors: Lin Jia‐Ren , Fallahi‐Sichani Mohammad , Chen Jia‐Yun , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Cyclic Immunofluorescence (CycIF) is a public‐domain method for performing highly multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging using a conventional epifluorescence microscope. It uses simple reagents and existing antibodies to construct images with up to 30 channels by sequential 4‐ to 6‐channel imaging followed by fluorophore inactivation. Three variant methods are described, the most generally useful of which involves staining fixed cells with antibodies directly conjugated to Alexa Fluor dyes and imaging in four colors, inactivating fluorophores using a mild base in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and light, and then performing another round of staining and imaging. Cell morphology is preserved through multiple rounds of CycIF, and signal‐to‐noise ratios appear to increase. Unlike antibody‐stripping methods, CycIF is gentle and optimized for monolayers of cultured cells. A second protocol involves indirect immunofluorescence and a third enables chemical inactivation of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, allowing multiplex immunofluorescence to be combined with live‐cell analysis of cells expressing fluorescent reporter proteins. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling‐aware dynamic consolidation of virtual machines for energy efficient cloud data centers
Authors: Arroba Patricia , Moya José M. , Ayala José L. , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: December 2016

SummaryComputational demand in data centers is increasing because of the growing popularity of Cloud applications. However, data centers are becoming unsustainable in terms of power consumption and growing energy costs so Cloud providers have to face the major challenge of placing them on a more scalable curve. Also, Cloud services are provided under strict Service Level Agreement conditions, so trade‐offs between energy and performance have to be taken into account. Techniques as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and consolidation are commonly used to reduce the energy consumption in data centers, although they are applied independently and their effects on Quality of Service are not always considered. Thus, understanding the relationship between power, DVFS, consolidation, and performance is crucial to enable energy‐efficient management at the data center level. In this work, we propose a DVFS policy that reduces power consumption while preventing performance degradation, and a DVFS‐aware consolidation policy that optimizes consumption, considering the DVFS configuration that would be necessary when mapping Virtual Machines to maintain Quality of Service. We have performed an extensive evaluation on the CloudSim toolkit using real Cloud traces and an accurate power model based on data gathered from real servers. Our results demonstrate that including DVFS awareness in workload management provides substantial energy savings of up to 41.62% for scenarios under dynamic workload conditions. These outcomes outperforms previous approaches, that do not consider integrated use of DVFS and consolidation strategies.
Cultural Competence in the Treatment of Addictions: Theory, Practice and Evidence
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. 
Published: December 2016

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations often have high rates of addictive disorders, but lower rates of treatment seeking and completion than the mainstream population. A significant barrier to treatment is the lack of culturally relevant and appropriate treatment. A literature review was conducted to identify relevant literature related to cultural competence in mental health services delivery and specifically treatment for addictive disorders. Several theoretical models of cultural competence in therapy have been developed, but the lack of rigorous research limits the empirical evidence available. Research indicates that culturally competent treatment practices including providing therapy and materials in the client's language, knowledge, understanding and appreciation for cultural perspectives and nuances, involving the wider family and community and training therapists can enhance client engagement, retention and treatment outcomes for substance use and gambling. Further methodologically rigorous research is needed to isolate the impact of cultural competence for the treatment of addictions and guide research to determine treatment efficacy within specific CALD populations. Training therapists and recruiting therapists and researchers from CALD communities is important to ensure an ongoing focus and improved outcomes for CALD populations due to the importance of engaging these populations with addiction treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

The treatment needs of culturally diverse individuals with addictions are often not met.
Theoretical models can guide therapists in incorporating cultural competence.
Culturally targeted treatments increase recruitment, retention and treatment outcomes.
Cultural competence includes matching clinicians and clients on linguistic and cultural backgrounds as well as being mindful of the impact of culture on client's experience of addiction problems.
Few methodologically rigorous trials have been conducted to guide treatment practices and research needs to be incorporated into existing culturally relevant treatment services.
Visualization of 5‐HT Receptors Using Radioligand‐Binding Autoradiography
Authors: Cortés Roser , Vilaró M. Teresa , Mengod Guadalupe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDescribed in this unit are techniques to visualize the majority of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) receptor subtypes in sections of frozen brain tissue using receptor autoradiography. Protocols for brain extraction and sectioning, radioligand exposure, autoradiogram generation, and data quantification are provided, as are the optimal incubation conditions for the autoradiographic visualization of receptors using agonist and antagonist radioligands. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE BOYS: EARLY CHILDHOOD RISK AND RESILIENCE AMIDST CONTEXT AND CULTURE
Authors: Sarche Michelle , Tafoya Greg , Croy Calvin D. , Hill Kyle 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescent and adult men experience a range of health disparities relative to their non‐AIAN counterparts and AIAN women. Given the relatively limited literature on early development in tribal contexts, however, indicators of risk during early childhood specific to AIAN boys are not well‐known. The current article reviews sources of strength and challenge within AIAN communities for AIAN children in general, including cultural beliefs and practices that support development, and contextual challenges related to socioeconomic and health disparities and historical trauma affecting the AIAN population as a whole. The research literature on early development is reviewed, highlighting what this literature reveals about early gender differences. The article concludes with calls to action on behalf of AIAN boys that align with each of the five tiers of R. Frieden's (2010) Public Health Pyramid.
Reanalysing the impacts of atmospheric teleconnections on cold‐season weather using multivariate surface weather types and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Lee Cameron C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTWhile regional‐ to hemispheric‐scale oscillations in oceanographic and atmospheric variables have long been known to have teleconnective impacts on the surface weather at distant locations, the impacts of these teleconnections and their interactions on multivariate weather types (WTs) are relatively under‐researched. Using a recently developed gridded weather typing classification (GWTC) and a self‐organizing maps‐based clustering of five different teleconnection indices, this research aims to explore the impacts of teleconnections on surface weather in the United States and Canada. Individual teleconnections have a predictable impact on GWTC WTs, with the Pacific/North American pattern, the Western Pacific (WP) pattern and the North Atlantic Oscillation showing the most widespread significant correlations with cool and warm WTs, in agreement with previous research. While many teleconnection clusters are dominated by one teleconnection's WT correlations, certain clusters reveal surprising regional‐ to continental‐scale impacts considering many teleconnections are in a relatively neutral phase. Furthermore, some expected impacts of the Southern Oscillation Index and WP are offset when considered in tandem with neutral phases of the other teleconnections examined. Overall, the clustering results highlight the importance of examining multiple teleconnections simultaneously when researching teleconnection impacts on surface weather and making statistically based monthly‐ to seasonal‐range climate projections.
Evaluation of phenolic antioxidant content in organically and conventionally grown buckwheat herb crop and its regrowth
Authors: Žvikas Vaidotas , Pukelevičienė Vilma , Ivanauskas Liudas , Romanovskaja Danuta , Jakštas Valdas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBuckwheat herb is known in the pharmaceutical industry as a material rich in phenolics. Buckwheat is also capable of regrowing and producing an additional harvest in the same year. Although buckwheat herb is a popular material, it is not known whether the regrowth has features of the same quality as the first harvest. Therefore, using the herb of 15 varieties of buckwheat cultivated in Lithuania, the present study aimed to examine biometric properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activity as material quality indicators for buckwheat herb and its regrowth under organic and conventional farming conditions.RESULTSThe highest amount of rutin was indicated in the organically cultivated regrowth of 2015. Buckwheat material accumulated significantly (P < 0.05) lower amounts of other phenolics. A significant correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed in the herb and its regrowth in both farming systems.CONCLUSIONRegrowth was of similar quality to the first harvest in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity, although a downward trend in several biometric features was observed: the height of the regrowth plants was up to two‐fold smaller and biomass was five‐ to nine‐fold lower compared to that of the first harvest plants. Organic and industrial farming systems were determined to produce plants of similar quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The Relationship Between Serotonin‐2A Receptor and Cognitive Functions in Nondemented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Cho Sang Soo , Strafella Antonio P. , Duff‐Canning Sarah , Zurowski Mateusz , Vijverman Anne‐Catherine , Bruno Veronica , Aquino Camila C. , Criaud Marion , Rusjan Pablo M. , Houle Sylvain , Fox Susan H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that the serotonergic system, in particular serotonin 2A receptors, is involved in neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), including cognitive processing and visual hallucinations. However, the relationship between serotonin 2A receptor availability, visual hallucinations, and cognitive profile is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of serotonin 2A receptor availability in brain regions affected by visual hallucinations and to test the association with cognitive/behavioral changes in patients who have PD with visual hallucinations.MethodsNondemented patients who had PD with (n = 11) and without (n = 8) visual hallucinations and age‐matched controls (n = 10) were recruited. All participants completed neuropsychological testing, which consisted of visuoperceptual, executive, memory, language, and frontal‐behavioral function. Positron emission tomography scans using [18F]setoperone, a serotonin 2A antagonist radioligand, were acquired in patients with PD, and a parametric binding potential map of [18F]setoperone was calculated with the simplified reference tissue model using the cerebellum as a reference.ResultsPatients who had PD with visual hallucinations exhibited significantly lower scores on measures of executive and visuoperceptual functions compared with age‐matched controls. These changes were paralleled by decreased [18F]setoperone binding in the right insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, right middle temporal gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. The psychometric correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among tests associated with visuoperceptual function, memory and learning, and serotonin 2A binding in different prefrontal and ventral visual stream regions. There was also reduced serotonin 2A receptor binding in patients who had PD with depression.ConclusionsThese findings support a complex interaction between serotonin 2A receptor function and cognitive processing in patients who have PD with visual hallucinations.
Yield of screening echocardiograms during pediatric follow‐up in survivors treated with anthracyclines and cardiotoxic radiation
Authors: Spewak Michael B. , Williamson Rebecca S. , Mertens Ann C. , Border William L. , Meacham Lillian R. , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines published by the Children's Oncology Group recommend screening echocardiograms for childhood cancer survivors exposed to anthracyclines and/or cardiotoxic radiation. This study aims to assess risk factors for cardiac late effects while evaluating the overall yield of screening echocardiograms.ProcedureDemographics, exposures, and echocardiogram results were abstracted from the medical records of survivors diagnosed at ≤ 21 years old and ≥ 2 years off therapy who were exposed to anthracyclines and/or potentially cardiotoxic radiotherapy. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed and the yield of screening echocardiograms was calculated.ResultsOf 853 patients, 1,728 screening echocardiograms were performed, and 37 patients had an abnormal echocardiogram (overall yield 2.1%). Yields were only somewhat higher in more frequently screened patients. Risk factors for an abnormal result included anthracycline dose of ≥300 mg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3−7.2; P < 0.01) with a synergist relationship in patients who also received radiation doses ≥30 Gy (aOR 7.0; 95% CI: 1.6–31.9; P = 0.01), as well as autologous bone marrow transplant (OR 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3–8.5; P = 0.01). Sex, race, age at diagnosis, and cyclophosphamide exposure were not statistically significant risk factors, and no patient receiving <100 mg/m2 anthracycline dose without concomitant radiation had an abnormal echocardiogram.ConclusionsDose‐dependent and synergist anthracycline and cardiotoxic radiotherapy risks for developing cardiomyopathy were confirmed. However, previously identified risk factors including female sex, black race, and early age at diagnosis were not replicated in this cohort. The yields showed weak correlation across frequency categories. Echocardiographic screening recommendations for low‐risk pediatric patients may warrant re‐evaluation.