bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine potential of HLA‐A2 epitopes from Leishmania Cysteine Protease Type III (CPC)
Authors: Dikhit M. R. , Amit A. , Singh A. K. , Kumar A. , Mansuri R. , Sinha S. , Topno R. K. , Mishra R. , Das V. N. R. , Pandey K. , Sahoo G. C. , Ali V. , Bimal S. , Das P. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAlthough the precise host‐defence mechanisms are not completely understood, T‐cell‐mediated immune responses are believed to play a pivotal role in controlling parasite infection. In this study, the potential HLA*A2 restricted peptides were predicted and the ability of peptides to bind HLA‐A*02 was confirmed by a MHC stabilization assay. Two of the peptides tested stabilized HLA‐A*02: (a) LLATTVSGL (P1) and (b) LMTNGPLEV (P3). The potential of the peptides to generate protective immune response was evaluated in patients with treated visceral leishmaniasis as well as in healthy control subjects. Our data suggest that CD8+ T‐cell proliferation against the selected peptide was significantly higher compared to unstimulated culture conditions. The stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with epitopes individually or as a cocktail upregulated IFN‐γ production, which indicates its pivotal role in protective immune response. The IFN‐γ production was mainly in a CD8+ T‐cells‐dependent manner, which suggested that these epitopes had an immunoprophylactic potential in a MHC class I‐dependent manner. Moreover, no role of the CD3+ T cell was observed in the IL‐10 production against the selected peptides, and no role was found in disease pathogenesis. Further studies on the role of these synthetic peptides may contribute significantly to developing a polytope vaccine idea towards leishmaniasis.
To cool, or too cool: Is reducing dialysate temperature the optimal approach to preventing intradialytic hypotension?
Authors: Larkin John W. , Reviriego‐Mendoza Marta M. , Usvyat Len A. , Kotanko Peter , Maddux Franklin W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAbnormal decreases in blood pressure during hemodialysis are frequent in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with hemodialysis, and thought to be largely due to an inadequate cardiovascular response to the rapid blood volume decline. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and cardiac instability during dialysis can increase risks for negative health consequences and is possibly preventable though several types of interventions. One intervention that holds promise for prevention of IDH in hemodialysis patients is to reduce the temperature of the dialysate to or below the patient's core temperature. A considerable number of randomized studies have demonstrated a short term benefit of using a cooler dialysate temperature for the prevention of IDH and improved cardiac stability. Despite this, a key observational study was not able to show long term improvements with lower dialysate temperatures utilized in routine clinical practice, albeit possibly confounded by indication. It appears that cooling the dialysate may be reasonable to consider on an individual basis for patients who suffer from persistent IDH if they can tolerate the adjustment and it is effective. However, careful assessment of the etiology of IDH should be performed when considering treatment options. In this review, we detail the current body of evidence on the effectiveness of using low dialysate temperatures for prevention of IDH in ESRD patients, and suggest areas where further research is needed.
The lynching of African Americans in the U.S. South: A review of sociological and historical perspectives
Authors: Smångs Mattias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResearch in sociology and history on the lynching of African Americans by White mobs in the U.S. South around 1900 has in recent decades grown and matured into a substantive research area in its own right. This article has four purposes. The first purpose is to review dominant sociological and historical approaches in the lynching literature. One key feature of this literature is its bifurcation into one strand of social scientific sociological lynching research and one strand of culturalist historical lynching research. As a consequence of this bifurcation, the study of lynching long lacked sustained interdisciplinary dialogue between sociology and history. The second purpose of this article is to review recent sociological studies that attempt to bridge the disjuncture between sociological and historical approaches otherwise characterizing lynching scholarship. The third purpose of this article is to review other recent studies moving sociological lynching scholarship beyond dominant approaches and foci, including investigations of averted lynchings and investigations of the individual‐level characteristics that made African Americans more or less vulnerable to White lynch mobs. The last purpose is to suggest how the contributions of lynching research have implications for understanding present‐day racial injustices and inequalities.
A cross–sectional study on the prevalence and associated risk factors for workplace violence against Chinese nurses
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhang Danyang , Zhou Chenyu , Yang Libin , Sun Tao , Hao Tianjun , Peng Xiangwen , Gao Lei , Liu Wenhui , Mu Yi , Han Yuzhen , Fan Lihua 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to explore the characteristics of workplace violence that Chinese nurses at tertiary and county–level hospitals encountered in the 12 months from December 2014 to January 2016, to identify and analyse risk factors for workplace violence, and to establish the basis for future preventive strategies.DesignA cross–sectional study.SettingA total of 44 tertiary hospitals and 90 county–level hospitals in 16 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) in China.MethodsWe used stratified random sampling to collect data from December 2014 to January 2016. We distributed 21 360 questionnaires, and 15 970 participants provided valid data (effective response rate=74.77%). We conducted binary logistic regression analyses on the risk factors for workplace violence among the nurses in our sample and analysed the reasons for aggression.ResultsThe prevalence of workplace violence was 65.8%; of this, 64.9% was verbal violence, and physical violence and sexual harassment accounted for 11.8% and 3.9%, respectively. Frequent workplace violence occurred primarily in emergency and paediatric departments. Respondents reported that patients’ relatives were the main perpetrators in tertiary and county–level hospitals. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents’ age, department, years of experience and direct contact with patients were common risk factors at different levels of hospitals.ConclusionsWorkplace violence is frequent in China’s tertiary and county–level hospitals; its occurrence is especially frequent in the emergency and paediatric departments. It is necessary to cope with workplace violence by developing effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.
Effects of a peer support programme for youth social services employees experiencing potentially traumatic events: a protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Guay Stephane , Tremblay Nicole , Goncalves Jane , Bilodeau Henriette , Geoffrion Steve 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe use of peer support programmes to help workers experiencing potentially traumatic events (PTE) has increased in high-risk organisations in the last decades. However, the scientific evidence of its effectiveness is still very limited. This paper aims to describe the protocol of a prospective cohort study that assesses the efficacy of a peer support programme among youth social services employees exposed to a PTE at work on psychological well-being, work functioning and needs of support.Methods and analysisThis is a mixed-methods prospective study that will examine workers' evolution four times over a 12-month period in Canada. This study involves: (1) quantitative data obtained through self-administrated questionnaires among 222 workers, and (2) qualitative in-depth interviews with a subsample of 45 workers. This study will compare findings from a cohort who received the support of a peer following a PTE (peer support–experimental protocol) as part of the experimental protocol of the Montreal Youth Social Services-University Institute (MYSS-UI), the second group of workers did not ask for the peer support (no peer support-experimental protocol) but was part of MYSS-UI, and the third group received standard organisational support from the Monteregie Youth Social Services (MYSS) (standard organisational protocol).Ethics and disseminationThe protocol and informed consent form complied with the ethics guidelines of the MYSS-UI. The Research Ethics Board of MYSS-UI and MYSS reviewed and accepted the protocol as required. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at research and general public conferences, disseminated via a public report for the institute that funded the project and for all workers. Results of this study will influence decision making regarding intervention policies following PTE and peer support interventions may be expanded throughout the youth social services in Canada and worldwide.
Developing implementation strategies for firearm safety promotion in paediatric primary care for suicide prevention in two large US health systems: a study protocol for a mixed-methods implementation study
Authors: Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Jager-Hyman Shari , Marcus Steven C , Ahmedani Brian K , Zeber John E , Fein Joel A , Brown Gregory K , Lieberman Adina , Beidas Rinad S 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe promotion of safe firearm practices, or firearms means restriction, is a promising but infrequently used suicide prevention strategy in the USA.Safety Checkis an evidence-based practice for improving parental firearm safety behaviour in paediatric primary care. However, providers rarely discuss firearm safety during visits, suggesting the need to better understand barriers and facilitators to promoting this approach. This study, Adolescent Suicide Prevention In Routine clinical Encounters, aims to engender a better understanding of how to implement the three firearm components ofSafety Checkas a suicide prevention strategy in paediatric primary care.Methods and analysisThe National Institute of Mental Health-funded Mental Health Research Network (MHRN), a consortium of 13 healthcare systems across the USA, affords a unique opportunity to better understand how to implement a firearm safety intervention in paediatric primary care from a system-level perspective. We will collaboratively develop implementation strategies in partnership with MHRN stakeholders. First, we will survey leadership of 82 primary care practices (ie, practices serving children, adolescents and young adults) within two MHRN systems to understand acceptability and use of the three firearm components ofSafety Check(ie, screening, brief counselling around firearm safety and provision of firearm locks). Then, in collaboration with MHRN stakeholders, we will use intervention mapping and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to systematically develop and evaluate a multilevel menu of implementation strategies for promoting firearm safety as a suicide prevention strategy in paediatric primary care.Ethics and disseminationStudy procedures have been approved by the University of Pennsylvania. Henry Ford Health System and Baylor Scott & White institutional review boards (IRBs) have ceded IRB review to the University of Pennsylvania IRB. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Treatments for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farrar Diane , Simmonds Mark , Bryant Maria , Sheldon Trevor A , Tuffnell Derek , Golder Su , Lawlor Debbie A 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of different treatments for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).DesignSystematic review, meta-analysis and network meta-analysis.MethodsData sources were searched up to July 2016 and included MEDLINE and Embase. Randomised trials comparing treatments for GDM (packages of care (dietary and lifestyle interventions with pharmacological treatments as required), insulin, metformin, glibenclamide (glyburide)) were selected by two authors and double checked for accuracy. Outcomes included large for gestational age, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, caesarean section and pre-eclampsia. We pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses and used Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare pharmacological treatments (ie, including treatments not directly compared within a trial).ResultsForty-two trials were included, the reporting of which was generally poor with unclear or high risk of bias. Packages of care varied in their composition and reduced the risk of most adverse perinatal outcomes compared with routine care (eg, large for gestational age: relative risk0.58 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.68; I2=0%; trials 8; participants 3462). Network meta-analyses suggest that metformin had the highest probability of being the most effective treatment in reducing the risk of most outcomes compared with insulin or glibenclamide.ConclusionsEvidence shows that packages of care are effective in reducing the risk of most adverse perinatal outcomes. However, trials often include few women, are poorly reported with unclear or high risk of bias and report few outcomes. The contribution of each treatment within the packages of care remains unclear. Large well-designed and well-conducted trials are urgently needed.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42013004608.
IRTKS is correlated with progression and survival time of patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Huang Li-Yu , Wang Xuefei , Cui Xiao-Fang , Li He , Zhao Junjie , Wu Chong-Chao , Min Lingqiang , Zhou Zhicheng , Wan Lixin , Wang Yu-Ping , Zhang Chao , Gao Wei-Qiang , Sun Yihong , Han Ze-Guang 
Published: June 2017

Background and objectivesIRTKS functions as a novel regulator of tumour suppressor p53; however, the role of IRTKS in pathogenesis of gastric cancer is unclear.DesignWe used immunohistochemistry to detect IRTKS levels in 527 human gastric cancer specimens. We generated both IRTKS-deficient and p53-deficient mice to observe survival time of these mice and to isolate mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) for evaluating in vivo tumorigenicity. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to study the interaction among p53, MDM2 and IRTKS, as well as the ubiquitination of p53.ResultsIRTKS was significantly overexpressed in human gastric cancer, which was conversely associated with wild-type p53 expression. Among patients with wild-type p53 (n=206), those with high IRTKS expression (n=141) had a shorter survival time than those with low IRTKS (n=65) (p=0.0153). Heterozygous p53+/− mice with IRTKS deficiency exhibited significantly delayed tumorigenesis and an extended tumour-free survival time. p53+/− MEFs without IRTKS exhibited attenuated in vivo tumorigenicity. IRTKS depletion upregulated p53 and its target genes, such as BAX and p21. Intriguingly, IRTKS overexpression promoted p53 ubiquitination and degradation in MEFs and gastric cancer cells. Under DNA damage conditions, IRTKS was phosphorylated at Ser331 by the activated Chk2 kinase and then dissociated from p53, along with the p53-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, resulting in attenuated p53 ubiquitination and degradation.ConclusionIRTKS overexpression is negatively correlated with progression and overall survival time of patients with gastric cancer with wild-type p53 through promotion of p53 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.
Platelet count and mean platelet volume predict outcome in adults with Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Martin-Garcia Agustin C , Arachchillage Deepa RJ , Kempny Aleksander , Alonso-Gonzalez Rafael , Martin-Garcia Ana , Uebing Anselm , Swan Lorna , Wort Stephen J , Price Laura C , McCabe Colm , Sanchez Pedro Luis , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Michael A 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesAlthough a significant proportion of patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease are thrombocytopaenic, its prevalence and clinical significance in adults with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is not well studied. Accordingly, we examined the relationship of thrombocytopaenia and mean platelet volume (MPV) to bleeding or thrombotic complications and survival in a contemporary cohort of patients with ES, including patients with Down syndrome.MethodsDemographics, laboratory and clinical data were analysed from 226 patients with ES under active follow-up over 11 years.ResultsAge at baseline was 34.6±11.4 years and 34.1% were men. Mean platelet count and MPV were 152.6±73.3×109/L and 9.6±1.2 fL, respectively. A strong inverse correlation was found between platelet count and haemoglobin concentration and MPV. During the study, there were 39 deaths, and 21 thrombotic and 43 bleeding events. On univariate Cox regression analysis, patients with a platelet count <100×109/L had a twofold increased mortality (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.01, p=0.024). Platelet count was not associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. However, there was a threefold increased thrombotic risk with MPV >9.5 fL (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.28 to 9.54, p=0.015). Patients with either severe secondary erythrocytosis (>220g/L) or anaemia (<130g/L) were at higher risk of thrombotic events (HR 3.93, 95% CI 1.60 to 9.67, p=0.003; and HR 4.75, 95% CI 1.03 to 21.84, p=0.045, respectively).ConclusionsThrombocytopaenia significantly increased the risk of mortality in ES. Furthermore, raised MPV, severe secondary erythrocytosis and anaemia, but not platelet count, were associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events in our adult cohort.
Hypermedia CAI: A Supplement to an Elementary School Basal Reader Program
Authors: Higgins Kyle , Boone Randall 
Published: June 2017

The results from the first year of a longitudinal study involving the development and testing of hypermedia computer assisted instructional (CAI) reading materials for grades K-3 are discussed. The hypermedia materials were designed to facilitate the successful participation of both handicapped and nonhandicapped students as well as students at risk for special education referral in a regular elementary classroom basal reading program. The hypermedia reading lessons provided students with a reading environment offering additional information about words and concepts from their basal reading textbook. This differs from traditional computer assisted reading software which often presents lessons on isolated skills not specifically related to basal textbook content or pedagogy. The results from the first year of the three-year study indicate that hypermedia is a promising instructional tool for students who have been classified as poor readers by means of an achievement test. Results are inconclusive as to whether the hypermedia CAI lessons are best used before or after a teacher directed reading activity.
The Bio-Actif α/Y in the Treatment of Cellulite
Authors: Hernandez-Perez Enrique , Aristimuño Maritza , Lemm Maricarmen , Cortes Jose A. Seijo 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Bio-actif α/Y is part of a product developed for the treatment of cellulite. Its mechanism of action is to block receptors α2 and peptides Y. Materials and Methods: Nine women with cellulite at the gluteal-trochanteric area completed a 2-month study. The cream containing the drug was applied every night. Efficacy was assessed through photographs; measurements of thigh circumference; subjective evaluation by physician, nurse, and the patient herself; and ultrasonographic evaluation. Results: At the end of the 2-month study, there was clinical improvement in the cellulite appearance and a reduction in both thigh circumference and thickness of adipose tissue as measured by ultrasonography. Conclusion: Bio-actif α/Y seems to be useful in the treatment of cellulite.
Familiarity with Sexual Assault and Its Relationship to the Effectiveness of Acquaintance Rape Prevention Programs
Authors: Forst Linda S. , Lightfoot J. Timothy , Burrichter Arthur 
Published: June 2017

This study examined the effectiveness of two rape prevention programs on rape-supportive beliefs among college students. The effectiveness was examined in terms of whether or not the students knew someone who had been sexually assaulted, knew someone who had committed a sexual assault, or were themselves a victim of sexual assault. The participants were divided into three groups. One group participated in a didactic rape prevention program involving primarily lecture and video instruction. The second group participated in an experiential rape prevention program utilizing improvisational theater. The third group was the control group. The 55 participants completed two attitude scales developed by Burt (1980): Adversarial Sexual Beliefs (ASB) and Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA). They then participated in their workshop and took the attitude scales again as a post-treatment test Two weeks later, the participants took a follow-up post-treatment test using the same attitude scales. Participants who had been victims of sexual assault scored significantly lower than non-victims in the ASB and RMA across all groups. It was also found that participants who had any previous experience with sexual assault, such as familiarity with a victim or an offender, scored significantly lower in rape-supportive beliefs after participating in the didactic program than participants who had no previous experience with sexual assault.
Technical and Theoretical Aspects of: Patient Counseling
Authors: Morris Raymond W. , Burkhart Vincent dePaul , Lamy Peter P. 
Published: June 2017

A common agreement in many of the future roles proposed for pharmacists in the ambulatory patient care area involves an educational responsibility to patients. To provide patient education, pharmacists may rely on mechanical audiovisual aids. The optimal effectiveness of patient education programs of this type can be achieved only by careful preparation of the audiovisual aids. In producing such instructional aids consideration should be directed at both the technical and theoretical aspects of persuasive audiovisual techniques. The goal of any patient education effort is to instill a desire in patients to comply with their therapy and in so doing maintain or improve their health status. It is important to understand the theories of attitude change needed to provide effective patient education. It is equally important that the audiovisual material utilized be prepared using recognized principles for instructional presentations. Technical considerations in the preparation of audiovisual aids will insure that the program has an impact on the viewing audience. The pharmacist may be especially suited to counsel patients on the correct use of medication. Innovative methods may be needed to provide effective patient education services. The audiovisual method is one technique which may be used to provide patient education. Practical applications of theoretical and technical principles for audiovisual instruction should be used to prepare effective educational materials. The goal proposed by advocates of patient education is to help patients acquire new knowledge, attitudes, and behavior that will improve their capability to care for themselves more adequately. Those who participate in planned educational programs have exhibited greater compliance and cooperation. This, in turn, can result in fewer hospital admissions.23 Schoenrich24 explains that patient education requires consideration of the psychological, sociological, and cultural aspects of the population if changes in patient attitudes and behavior are to be made. It is important to be sensitive to the patient and his condition and consider the “whole” patient.