bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Leakage Flows in a Liquid Hydrogen Multistage Pump for Aircraft Engine Applications
Authors: Lamprakis Dimitrios , Rajendran David John , Santhanakrishnan Mani , Coskun Seyfettin , Roumeliotis Ioannis , Pachidis Vassilios , Yates Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive operational characterization of a representative, liquid hydrogen (LH2) aircraft engine pump, a key enabler for future hydrogen aviation, is presented in this work. The implications of leakage flows are investigated in a two-stage, high-pressure pump for a wide range of flow rates and rotational speeds, through three-dimensional (3D) (unsteady) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. The study compares two configurations: a baseline model comprising the primary flow path components—inducers, impellers, and volutes, and a realizable pump hardware that includes hub, shroud, and power unit cavities. Performance metrics, including head changes and efficiencies, are extracted both at a component and system level. Leakage flow rates of 27.6% and up to 92.9% of the overall pump flow rate are recorded at design and lowest flow points, respectively. The head loss in the mid to low flow rates does not exceed 4.5%, but the efficiency diminishes by up to 13.5% at off-design operation. The component analysis indicates significant penalties in impeller efficiency. At high flow rates, the presence of leakage flows improves the overall pump performance by 43% and 27% in head rise and efficiency, due to reduced losses in volutes and connecting ducts. The detailed characterization of pump behavior described in this work is of importance in development of safe, reliable, and predictable design of aircraft LH2 pumps. These aircraft pumps are different from LH2 pumps utilized in rocketry and for cooling in nuclear industry due to the requirement to operate with wider turn-down ratios and often, at low specific speeds. Therefore, this study addresses design considerations in this enabling technology that ensures the delivery of preconditioned fuel according to the aircraft operating conditions.
The Safety Assessment of Civil Ships Against Capsizing Based on the Probability Analysis of Multiple Threshold-Crossings of Stochastic Sea Waves
Authors: Zhang Zhenhao , Wei Guoqing , Zeng Zhe , Teng Fengwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of threshold-crossing events on ship capsizing through a probabilistic model that predicts random wave heights. Utilizing statistical data from wave height observations, this paper proposes that random waves can be approximated and modeled using the Wiener process, employing autocorrelation function identification and probabilistic statistical verification methods. The threshold-crossing duration of a random wave is just the period of the wave exceeds a given threshold, which can reflect the frequency property of the stochastic sea waves. And the probability distribution of the period can theoretically be determined using the derived probability density function for the time interval between any two adjacent crossings of the Wiener process and a threshold. Based on the above theories, the capsizing probabilities of a civil ship sailing in different wave areas are analyzed under different safety thresholds considering certain ratios of the ship's intrinsic period and wave period. The research results can provide a reference for the anti-overturning design of the ships under the action of random waves.
Behind Amor Blunt Trauma Lung and Liver Strains From Indenter Loading Via Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Yoganandan Narayan , Somasundaram Karthik , Harinathan Balaji , Banurekha Devaraj Karthik , Shah Alok , Koser Jared , Stemper Brian , Chancey Valeta Carol , McEntire B. Joseph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To determine behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) injury criteria, experiments have been conducted by launching blunt projectiles at live swine at velocities up to 65 meters per second (m/s) using one type of indenter design. To ensure the generalizability of the developed injury criteria, additional tests with different indenter designs are needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the kinematics and injury parameters from two indenter designs using human body finite element modeling. The simulation matrix consisted of chord and cylindrical shape indenter designs with two different masses of 150 and 230 grams. They were used to impact the liver and lung regions at velocities of 30 and 60 m/s using a human body model. Rib and lung strains from lung impacts and rib strain and liver strain energy densities (SED) from liver impacts were used to evaluate the design variables of mass and shape. Both designs played a role in skeletal and organ injury parameters. Analysis revealed an increased susceptibility for skeletal and organ traumas with the high mass indenter during high velocity impacts. The cylindrical indenter may be protective for organ injuries due to the larger area of loading on the ribcage compared to the chord indenter. Results from the chord indenter may serve as a conservative estimate of injury criteria.
Direct Normal Irradiance Prediction-Based Optimum Interval Tilt Angles for Enhancement of Energy Output, Levelized Cost of Energy, and CO2 Emission in a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Muniyandi Vijay , Manimaran Saravanan , Paramasivam Venkatesh , Venkatesan Sujitha Arumugapriya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The tilt angle of photovoltaic (PV) panels is a crucial determinant of their performance and can be adjusted using different tracking methods. Periodically changing the tilt angle strikes a practical balance between efficiency and cost. This work introduces a bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM)-based direct normal irradiance (DNI) prediction to estimate the time intervals for the tilt angle adjustments. DNI prediction involves 22-year (2000–2022) historical time series data and the Bi-LSTM deep learning model to predict DNI at different time frames for the location Madurai, India. Using the predicted DNI, tilt angle-based DNI is mapped using the tilt angle correlation through a nearest neighborhood interpolation method. DNI potential over a specific period is utilized to find the optimum time intervals for the tilt angle adjustments. The simulation study of this work is implemented with a 5 kW grid-connected solar PV system using pvsyst software. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is evaluated based on the improvements in power output, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and carbon emission reductions and compared with other existing methods. The results showed that using the proposed optimal tilt angle intervals led to a 10.31% increase in PV output power, the lowest LCOE at 3.61 c/kW h, and 8.363 tCO2/year carbon emissions.
Environmentally Friendly MoS2-hBN Solid Lubricants: A Comprehensive Tribological Evaluation
Authors: Fallah Parastoo , Hensley Cara , Beall Charles J. , Islasencalada Alejandra , Chromik Richard R. , Wuthrich Rolf , Stoyanov Pantcho 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
MoS2-based solid lubricants have obtained significant attention and are extensively employed in the aerospace industry due to their desirable tribological performance. However, to enhance their performance in humid environments, MoS2 is often doped with Pb-based compounds. Considering the health and environmental concerns associated with Pb, it is necessary to develop eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been used as a potential substitute for Pb-based dopants in MoS2-based solid lubricants and coatings with varying hBN contents (9.5, 11.5, 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5 wt%) were applied to stainless-steel substrates using a spray bonding technique. The friction and wear characteristics of the coatings were analyzed by using a ball-on-flat tribometer, employing constant load conditions. Subsequently, ex situ analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the coatings. The results showed that the coating with a lower hBN concentration presented improved tribological properties, which was correlated with the development of an effective MoS2-based transfer/tribo-film. This suggests that optimizing hBN content is crucial for enhancing the lubrication performance.
Fluorescent and bioluminescent bovine H5N1 influenza viruses for evaluation of antiviral interventions
Authors: Trimarco Joseph D. , Spurrier M. Ariel , Skavicus Samantha , Luo Zhaochen , Dutta Moumita , Janowska Katarzyna , Acharya Priyamvada , Heaton Brook E. , Heaton Nicholas S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

In early 2024, a clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus was detected in dairy cows and humans in the United States. Since then, it has spread to herds in at least 13 states and caused symptomatic disease in at least fifteen people. To facilitate rapid testing of existing and novel countermeasures, here, we report the development of an H5N1 viral reverse genetic system, its use to produce fluorescent and bioluminescent variant strains, and their utility in high-throughput evaluation of antiviral interventions.
Botulinum toxin for the management of bruxism: an overview of reviews protocol
Authors: Coelho Manuella Salm , Oliveira Júlia Meller Dias de , Polmann Helena , Pauletto Patrícia , Stefani Cristine Miron , De Luca Maciel Lara Catarine , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionBruxism is characterised by a repetitive activity in the masticatory muscles that involves teeth clenching or grinding and/or forceful mandibular movements. Its management is typically initiated when individuals start experiencing the adverse effects of the condition. One of the available intervention forms is the administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A). Numerous systematic reviews have addressed the use of BoNT-A to manage bruxism; however, the results are controversial. The current overview aims to determine BoNT-A’s effectiveness for managing bruxism in relation to placebo, the absence of treatment or alternative interventions in the adult population.Methods and analysisThis study will include systematic reviews (SRs), with or without meta-analysis, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of BoNT-A for bruxism in adults. A broad literature search will be carried out on Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and the grey literature. Experts in the topic and reference lists of included SRs will also be consulted. The study selection will be conducted in two phases by two independent reviewers. Data collection will be performed by one author and cross-checked by another. The methodological quality of included SRs will be evaluated using AMSTAR-II. A narrative synthesis will be employed as the formal method to combine individual study data. The overlap across studies will be quantified by the corrected covered area and illustrated by the Graphical Representation of Overlap for Overviews.Ethics and disseminationThis overview does not require ethics approval, as it uses secondary data from previously published studies. The results will be disseminated through the publication in a high-impact journal.OSF of registrationDOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/RB45T.
Trend and determinants of unplanned pregnancy among expectant mothers in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2000–2016) data: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abebe Gossa Fetene , Lemu Lidiya Gutema , Adugna Amanuel , Alie Melsew Setegn , Negesse Yilkal , Girma Desalegn 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the trend and determinants of unplanned pregnancy among expectant women using the four Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data (2000–2016).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSecondary data analysis using EDHS data.ParticipantsThe number of weighted participants were 1451 in 2000, 1184 in 2005, 1205 in 2011 and 1135 in 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUnplanned pregnancy encompasses both mistimed (occurring earlier than desired) and unwanted (occurring when no further children are desired) forms of conception. Trend and multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe rate of unplanned pregnancies in Ethiopia showed a significant decline, decreasing from 45.8% (95% CI 41.8 to 49.8) in 2000 to 29.7% (95% CI 25.3 to 34.4) in 2016, indicating an overall change of 16.1%. Several factors were positively linked to unplanned pregnancy, including being multipara (adjusted OR (AOR)=9.8; 95% CI 1.74 to 15.23) and grand multipara (AOR=12.2; 95% CI 1.62 to 19.3), expressing a lack of desire for additional children (AOR=2.82; 95% CI 1.30 to 6.12), unemployment (AOR=1.91; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.78) and being unmarried (AOR=7.23; 95% CI 4.71 to 15.5), whereas, women residing in the Afar (AOR=0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.79) and Somalia (AOR=0.20; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.67) regions were associated with reduced likelihood of experiencing unplanned pregnancy.ConclusionThe study discovered that unplanned pregnancies in Ethiopia decreased significantly from 2000 to 2016. However, around one-third of pregnant women are still affected, indicating a high rate. To address this, policymakers and stakeholders should propose and implement targeted interventions on identified risk factors.
Effects of dim-evening lighting optimised for geographical orientation versus standard lighting on mental health: protocol paper for a quasiexperimental study in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Volf Carlo , Corell Dennis Dan , Hansen Torben Skov , Dubois Julie Margrethe , Zeng Xinxi , Baandrup Lone , Petersen Paul Michael , Martiny Klaus 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionResearch has provided novel insights into how light stimulates circadian rhythms through specialised retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, there has been a revolution in light-emitting diode (LED) technology, leading to tunable LED light sources and lighting systems, enabling 24-hour dynamic light scenarios with bright blue-enriched short wavelength light during the day and dim evening light, stimulating the circadian system. These dynamic LED lighting systems are now being implemented at hospitals without adequate understanding of how it may affect the health and well-being of patients and staff.Methods and analysisAn optimised dynamic LED lighting scenario is investigated at a newly built psychiatric hospital in Copenhagen. In the 12 months baseline period, a standard lighting scenario with dynamic colour temperature and fixed light intensity is investigated. In the following 12-month intervention period, a new DEL scenario is investigated, having dynamic colour temperature as well as dynamic light intensity with a higher daytime and lower evening-time melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance. This setting is furthermore adjusted for geographical orientation to compensate for differences in sunlight access in wintertime. The study uses a quasiexperimental design comparing patients admitted in the two study periods. Prior to each of the study periods, daylight and the contribution from the LED-lighting scenarios was measured. Patient sociodemographic and mental health data will be retrieved retrospectively from electronic medical records and by questionnaires administered in the two periods, evaluating lighting, noise, sleep quality and quality of life. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients receiving pro re nata medications. Secondary outcomes are the length of stay, sleep onset latency, sleep quality and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are expected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed international journal, lectures, posters and interviews.Trial registration numberNCT05868291.
Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents born very preterm and its correlates: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haile Sarah R , Peralta Gabriela P , Adams Mark , Bharadwaj Ajay N , Bassler Dirk , Moeller Alexander , Natalucci Giancarlo , Radtke Thomas , Kriemler Susi 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of very preterm born children and adolescents (aged 5–16), and to compare it with their fullterm born siblings and the general population. We also explored correlates of HRQOL among the very preterm born.DesignCross-sectional survey.PatientsChildren born <32 weeks gestation (N=442) as well as their fullterm born siblings (N=145).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was KINDL total score (0 worst to 100 best), a validated multidimensional measure of HRQOL in children and adolescents.MethodsLinear mixed models accounted for family unit. Secondary analysis compared very preterm born children to another cohort of healthy children from the same time period. A classification tree analysis explored potential correlates of HRQOL.ResultsOn average, preterm children, both <28 and 28–31 weeks gestational age, had similar KINDL total score to fullterm sibling controls (−2.3, 95% CI −3.6 to −0.6), and to population controls (+1.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.5). Chronic non-respiratory health conditions (such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or heart conditions, but not including cerebral palsy), age and respiratory symptoms affecting daily life were key correlates of HRQOL among very preterm born children.ConclusionsVery preterm birth in children and adolescents was not associated with a relevant reduction in HRQOL compared with their fullterm born peers. However, lower HRQOL was explained by other factors, such as older age, and the presence of chronic non-respiratory health conditions, but also by possibly modifiable current respiratory symptoms. The influence of respiratory symptom amelioration and its potential influence on HRQOL needs to be investigated further.Trial registration numberNCT04448717.
Can the clot meniscus and claw signs predict thrombectomy and clinical outcomes in patients with stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reda Abdullah , Cortese Jonathan , Ghozy Sherief , Gajjar Aryan , Douri Dani , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe angiographic shape of an occlusion, like the clot meniscus sign and the claw sign, has been reported to potentially impact the recanalization rate and clinical outcome in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic strokes.MethodFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases. Patients were grouped into clot meniscus/claw sign positive and negative groups based on the definitions obtained from each study. Primary outcomes included technical success, with a meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model to calculate proportions and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cl).ResultsWe included seven studies recruiting 1572 patients. The results indicated that the positive and negative groups had comparable first-pass effect (OR 1.95; 95% CI 0.76 to 5.01; P=0.167) and final recanalization (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.81 to 2.27; P=0.248) rates. However, the rate of having a favorable functional outcome was significantly higher in the positive group than in the negative sign group (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.92; P<0.003). Within the sign-positive population, the use of contact aspiration was associated with a significantly higher rate of recanalization compared with using a stent retriever (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.49; P<0.001). This result did not translate into a clinical impact, as both stent retriever and contact aspiration showed comparable rates of functional independence at 3 months (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.02 to 2.33; P=0.210).ConclusionThe presence of the clot meniscus/claw sign is not associated with recanalization outcomes after thrombectomy. However, it might be a good sign to predict which thrombectomy technique might be associated with better recanalization, although current evidence may need further confirmation.
Dynamics of choroid plexus volume is associated with the presence and development of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rubin Martina , Preziosa Paolo , Margoni Monica , Meani Alessandro , Pagani Elisabetta , Corazzolla Gianluca , Storelli Loredana , Mistri Damiano , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundImmune-mediated processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of fatigue, a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). The choroid plexus (CP) regulates central nervous system (CNS) immune homeostasis and undergoes volumetric modifications possibly contributing to MS-related fatigue. We explored the association between MS-related CP volume changes and fatigue dynamics.MethodEighty-five patients with MS and 68 healthy controls (HC) underwent brain 3T MRI, neurological evaluation and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) at two timepoints (median follow-up=1.4 years). Normalised brain and regional grey matter (GM) volumes were obtained using FSL-SIENAx, FIRST, SIENA and tensor-based morphometry. CP volumes were quantified with in-house methods, and longitudinal changes were analysed using linear mixed models.ResultsAt baseline, 25 (29%) patients with MS had fatigue (f-MS) (MFIS ≥38). Compared with HC, patients with MS had significantly higher brain T2-lesion volume, lower brain, deep GM, cortical volumes and higher CP volume (false discovery rate (FDR)-p ≤0.024). Compared with non-fatigued (nf-MS) patients, f-MS were older, more disabled (FDR-p ≤0.002) and showed numerically higher CP volume (FDR-p=0.076). At follow-up, 41 (68%) nf-MS remained non-fatigued (nf-FU-MS) and 19 (32%) developed fatigue (f-FU-MS). Patients with MS showed higher brain and deep GM atrophy rates versus HC (FDR-p ≤0.048), whereas clinical, lesional and brain volumetric changes were not significantly different among MS groups (FDR-p ≥0.287). CP volume significantly increased in all MS groups compared with HC (FDR-p ≤0.043), with greater enlargement in f-FU-MS versus nf-FU-MS (FDR-p=0.048).ConclusionsLarger CP and greater enlargement are associated with the presence and development of fatigue in MS, likely reflecting dynamic inflammatory states within the CNS, supporting the immunological contribution to MS-related fatigue.