bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating an early social communication intervention for young children with Down syndrome (ASCEND): results from a feasibility randomised control trial
Authors: Stojanovik Vesna , Pagnamenta Emma , Sampson Sarah , Sutton Rachel , Jones Benjamin , Joffe Victoria , Harvey Kate , Pizzo Elena , Rae Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This paper reports the results from a feasibility trial of an early parent-delivered social communication intervention for young children with Down syndrome (‘ASCEND’). The intervention focuses on developing children’s early social communication skills, in particular responding to shared attention. The aim was to inform the feasibility of running a full-scale trial through National Health Service (NHS) Speech and Language Therapy (SaLT) services, to assess whether the intervention is effective in improving language skills before children with Down syndrome start school.

Methods
This was a two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 randomisation stratified by trial site, comparing the intervention plus standard NHS SaLT provision with standard NHS SaLT alone. We recruited 20 children with Down syndrome aged between 11 and 36 months through 3 NHS SaLT services, 19 of whom were randomised (10 — intervention group, 9 —control group). Pre- and post-intervention and 6-month follow-up assessments included language, social communication skills, adaptive behaviour, quality of life (parents and children), parental anxiety and depression. The intervention was parent delivered with parents having access to SaLT services and the research team during the intervention. Data were collected on recruitment and retention, standard care, treatment fidelity, acceptability of the intervention by the parents and speech and language therapists, feasibility of collecting health economic measures and suitability of the primary outcome measure.

Results
The sample was sufficient for a feasibility study. The intervention (manual, support, materials) was positively received by the participating parents. Speech and language therapists also evaluated the acceptability of the intervention positively. Treatment fidelity which was measured by completion of weekly parent diaries and two adherence phone call was acceptable as 100% of the parent diaries were returned, over 90% of the parental diaries were completed correctly and 100% of adherence phone calls were completed. Retention was acceptable at 84% overall. The preliminary health economic data suggest that this intervention will be low cost. The sample size calculation suggests that 290 participants would need to be recruited, with 228 having a complete data set, for a full RCT.

Conclusion
Based on recruitment, retention and treatment fidelity, as well as the acceptability of the intervention to parents and speech and language therapists, a full-scale trial would be feasible in order to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

Trial registration
ISRCTN13902755, registered on 25th August 2020, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13902755
Mapping refugee populations at high resolution by unlocking humanitarian administrative data
Authors: Darin Edith , Dicko Ahmadou Hamady , Galal Hisham , Jimenez Rebeca Moreno , Park Hyunju , Tatem Andrew J. , Qader Sarchil 
Published: October 2024

Background
Informing local decision-making, improving service delivery and designing household surveys require having access to high-spatial resolution mapping of the targeted population. However, this detailed spatial information remains unavailable for specific population subgroups, such as refugees, a vulnerable group that would significantly benefit from focused interventions. Given the continuous increase in the number of refugees, reaching an all-time high of 35.3 million people in 2022, it is imperative to develop models that can accurately inform about their spatial locations, enabling better and more tailored assistance.

Methods
We leverage routinely collected registration data on refugees and combine it with high-resolution population maps, satellite imagery derived settlement maps and other spatial covariates to disaggregate observed refugee totals into 100-m grid cells. We suggest a deterministic grid cell allocation inside monitored refugee sites based on building count and a random-forest-derived grid cell allocation outside refugee sites based on geolocating the textual geographic information in the refugee register and on high-resolution population mapping. We test the method in Cameroon using the registration database monitored by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Results
Using OpenStreetMap, 83% of the manually inputted information in the registration database could be geolocated. The building footprint layer derived from satellite imagery by Ecopia AI offers extensive coverage within monitored refugee sites, although manual digitization was still required in rapidly evolving settings. The high-resolution mapping of refugees on a 100-m grid basis provides an unparalleled level of spatial detail, enabling valuable geospatial insights for informed local decision-making.

Conclusions
Gathering information on forcibly displaced persons in sparse data-setting environment can quickly become very costly. Therefore, it is critical to gain the most knowledge from operational data that is frequently collected, such as registration databases. Integrating it with ancillary information derived from satellite imagery paves the way for obtaining more timely and spatially precise information to better deliver services and enhance sampling frame for target data collection exercises that further improves the quality of information on people in need.
From silos to synergy: a consortium approach to air pollution and public health in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Alahmad Barrak , Choma Ernani F. , Al-Omari Basem , Alefishat Eman , Adem Abdu , Evans John S. , Koutrakis Petros , Rajasekaran Senthil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFinancial resources alone cannot guarantee effective public health policy. In Abu Dhabi, massive economic growth in the desert climate resulted in concentrated urbanization and led to challenges in the regulation of air pollution. The Environment Agency in Abu Dhabi commissioned us to scope the regulatory challenges for air pollution. Part of this project relied on the participation and involvement of key stakeholders. We found three barriers: (1) limited appreciation of uncertainties in risk estimates and discussion on the importance of considering control costs and the societal trade-offs between health and wealth inherent in such decisions, (2) compartmentalization of efforts, and (3) challenges to decide how to prioritize risks in policy agendas. We propose a consortium-like approach that brings stakeholders together and places risk, uncertainty, and tradeoffs between health and wealth at the forefront of decision-making. Expected outcomes include improved collaboration and information sharing, strategic prioritization of emission controls, and a better understanding and consideration of uncertainty to guide future public health research.
Lung ultrasound assessment of atelectasis following different anesthesia induction techniques in pediatric patients: a propensity score-matched, observational study
Authors: Camporesi Anna , Roveri Giulia , Vetrugno Luigi , Buonsenso Danilo , De Giorgis Valentina , Costanzo Sara , Pierucci Ugo Maria , Pelizzo Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Atelectasis is a well-documented complication in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. Its incidence varies significantly based on surgical procedures and anesthesia techniques. Inhalation induction, commonly used to avoid the discomfort of venipuncture, is suspected to cause higher rates of respiratory complications, including atelectasis, compared to intravenous induction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of inhalation versus intravenous anesthesia induction on atelectasis formation in pediatric patients, as assessed by lung ultrasound (LUS).

Methods
This propensity score-matched observational study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Milan, Italy. Inclusion criteria were children ≤ 18 years undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia. Patients were divided into inhalation and intravenous induction groups. LUS was performed before and after anesthesia induction to assess lung aeration. The primary endpoint was the global LUS score post-induction, with secondary endpoints including the incidence and distribution of atelectasis.

Results
Of the 326 patients included, 65% underwent inhalation induction and 35% intravenous induction. The global LUS score was significantly higher in the inhalation group (12.0 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching (for age, presence of upper respiratory tract infection, duration of induction, and PEEP levels at induction), average treatment effect (ATE) of mask induction was 5.89 (95% CI, 3.21–8.58; p < 0.001) point on LUS global score and a coefficient of 0.35 (OR 1.41) for atelectasis.

Discussion
Inhalation induction is associated with a higher incidence of atelectasis in pediatric patients also when we adjusted for clinically relevant covariates.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06069414.
High-density Lipoprotein Over Midlife and Future Cognition in Women: The SWAN HDL Ancillary Study
Authors: Qi Meiyuzhen , Billheimer Jeffrey , Chang Chung-Chou H , Janssen Imke , Brooks Maria M , Orchard Trevor , Karlamangla Arun S , Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Derby Carol A , McConnell Dan , Crawford Sybil , El Khoudary Samar R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Limited data provides evidence-based insights on the association between the comprehensive metrics of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and cognitive performance, especially in midlife women for whom the benefit might be the greatest.

Objective
To assess the associations of serum HDL metrics including HDL lipid content [HDL cholesterol, phospholipid (HDL-PL), triglyceride], proteins/subclasses [apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1); small, medium, large, total HDL particle (HDL-P); and HDL size], and cholesterol efflux capacity with cognitive performance in midlife women.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted among 503 midlife women (1234 observations) from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation HDL ancillary study. Joint models were applied to examine associations of HDL metrics assessed at midlife (50.2 ± 2.9 years, baseline of the current study) and their changes over midlife (6.1 ± 3.9 years of duration) with subsequent cognitive performance [working memory (Digit Span Backward Test), processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), and episodic memory immediate and delayed recall (East Boston Memory Test)] assessed repeatedly (maximum 5 times) 1.5 ± 1 years later over 7.72 ± 4.10 years of follow-up.

Results
Higher total HDL-P and smaller HDL size at midlife were associated with a better subsequent immediate recall, delayed recall, and/or processing speed. Greater increase in HDL-PL, apoA-1, medium HDL-P, and total HDL-P and less increase in HDL size over midlife were associated with a better subsequent immediate and/or delayed recall.

Conclusion
Enhancing specific serum HDL metrics during midlife could be promising in cognitive restoration, particularly memory, the initial and predominant symptom of Alzheimer's disease.
6613 Liver and Spleen Linked in Hepatic Steatosis during Weight Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Han K , MIN K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: K. Han: None. K. Min: None.
Splenectomy increased serum lipids, except triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), significantly accelerating hepatic steatosis in animal study. Recently, the concept of a liver-spleen axis has been proposed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate change of the liver Hounsfield Units (HU), reflecting the hepatic steatosis, and its relation to spleen HU, central, or peripheral and ectopic adipose tissue during weight reduction in type 2 diabetes. Total 187 women with type 2 diabetes were educated on lifestyle modification. We assessed liver Hounsfield Units(HU) and spleen HU with total abdominal fat(ATAF) , visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue(ASAT) at mid-abdomen level, and total adipose tissue (TTAT)and intramuscular adipose tissue(TIMAT) at midthigh level using nonenhanced computed tomography, at baseline and 12 weeks. We investigated whether changes in liver HD were related to fat in other regions, serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, and adiponectin-leptin ratio (ALR). The participants’ age was 55.2±7.3 years, BMI was 27.3±2.7 kg/m2, Body Weight (BW) 66.8±6.9kg). Baseline liver HU was 54.7±11.5, and spleen HU was 48.5±8.5. At 12 weeks, BW lost 2.4±2.2kg. Liver HU changed with spleen HU (r=0.357, p&lt;0.001, ATAT(r=-0.343, p&lt;0.0001), AVAT (r=0.220, p=.011), ASAT(r=-0.339, p&lt;0.001) and adiponectin-leptin ratio (ALR) (r=-0.174, p=0.047), but no significant relations with TTAT, TIMAT, triglyceride, and free fatty acid. Linear regression analysis showed the best model for change of liver HU (Model R2=0.209, p&lt;0.001) was as follows: Change of Liver HU=0.534 +0.038* change of spleen HU - 0.290* change of ATAF. Higher spleen HU (p&lt;0.001) and lower abdominal fat (p&lt;0.001) predicted higher liver HU (less steatosis). These results suggested that the liver might be metabolically linked to the spleen in hepatic steatosis of type 2 Diabetes.
Presentation: 6/2/2024
7769 Natural plant extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity through enhancing PLIN5 expression
Authors: Shin Su-Kyung , Jang Hisue , Kwon Eun-Young 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: S. Shin: None. H. Jang: None. E. Kwon: None.
Obesity is one of the metabolic diseases caused by excessive differentiation and excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption. Various drugs have been developed to effectively treat obesity, but the side effects often outweigh the benefits. Therefore, alternative weight loss supplements that can minimize side effects are needed. In this study, the effects of natural plant extract (NPE) on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice were confirmed to discover new anti-obesity material.After acclimating C57BL/6J mice for 1 week, they were divided into two groups: a normal diet (ND) group and an HFD group. After inducing obesity over 4 weeks, the HFD group was divided into HFD and HFD+NPE and reared together with the ND group for an additional 10 weeks. After a 12-hour fasting period, observations were made on weight, adipose tissue mass, morphological changes in adipocytes, and the expression differences in genes and proteins related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the epididymal white adipose tissue, particularly focusing on the PLIN5 protein.The increase in body weight and epididymal fat mass induced by the HFD was reduced by the administration of NPE. Morphological analysis of the epididymal fat revealed a significant increase in adipocyte size in the HFD group, whereas the NPE group showed a reduction in adipocyte size. The expression of FAO-related genes (PPARa, PGC1a, CPT1, and CPT2) and TCA cycle-related genes (PDHb, ACO, DIST, SUCLG, SDHC, and MDH2) decreased in the epididymal fat due to the HFD, but significantly increased with the administration of NPE. The NPE induced the breakdown of intracellular stored triglycerides by upregulating ATGL, LIPE, and MGL mRNA expression. The resulting liberated fatty acids were translocated to the mitochondria and oxidized through the TCA cycle, ultimately leading to a reduction in body fat. Furthermore, PLIN5 expression exhibited a significantly higher level in the NPE group compared to the other two groups. In other words, elevation in PLIN5 expression, induced by the NPE, appears to enhance lipid breakdown, activate FAO pathways, and stimulate the TCA cycle. Consequently, lipid combustion is increased, improving the weight gain and fat accumulation induced by the HFD.If additional experimental results on human application align with the above findings, NPE holds the potential as a low-side-effect ingredient for weight loss supplements.
Presentation: 6/1/2024
9210 Nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout reduces renal fat accumulation in mice consuming high fat diet
Authors: Allen Culver Silas , Lois Balugo Jamie Lynne , Jansen Maurits , Harris Thurl , Siragy Helmy M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: S.A. Culver: None. J. Balugo: None. M. Jansen: None. T. Harris: None. H.M. Siragy: None.
Diet induced obesity causes increased renal fat accumulation in both humans and mice which contributes to obesity related kidney injury. We have previously shown that mice with nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout (KO) consuming high fat diet (HFD) are resistant to weight gain due to increased urinary excretion of glucose, albumin, and fatty acids. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful imaging modality for quantifying organ fat content in live animals though there are few reports of its use quantifying fat in murine kidney. We hypothesized that nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout inhibits renal fat accumulation with HFD and that we would be able to detect this using MRI. Eight-week-old male wild type (WT) or inducible nephron specific ATP6AP2 KO mice underwent either induction with oral doxycycline or received sucrose water as controls before being placed on either normal diet (ND) (12% fat) or HFD (45% fat) for 3 months. Mice were then imaged using a 9.4 Tesla Bruker BioSpin MRI to determine both liver and kidney cortex fat content. The mean weight of WT HFD mice was 36.03 g compared to 29.03 g in WT ND controls. ND fed and HFD fed KO mice weighed 22.74 g and 23.03 g respectively. MRI showed significant 67% (p&lt;0.05) increase in liver fat content in WT HFD compared to WT ND fed controls, confirming the ability of our MRI technique to detect expected differences in organ fat content. In renal cortex, MRI detected a 54% (p&lt;0.05) increase in lipid content for WT HFD mice compared to WT ND controls. Nephron specific ATP6AP2 KO on HFD demonstrated reduced renal cortical lipid content by 36% (p&lt;0.05) compared to WT HFD controls. These results indicate that ATP6AP2 KO is associated with reduced renal fat accumulation that is measurable with in vivo MRI. MRI therefore represents a valuable tool for studying renal sequelae of obesity in live murine models. Future investigation should examine whether ATP6AP2 KO prevents renal lipotoxicity and kidney injury in the setting of obesity.
Presentation: 6/3/2024
12418 Patient- And Caregiver-reported Experiences Of Hunger, Weight, And Energy In Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity Before And During Setmelanotide Treatment
Authors: Roth C L , Shoemaker A H , Ervin C , Norcross L , Fehnel S , Huber C , Scimia C , Abuzzahab M J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: C.L. Roth: Advisory Board Member; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. A.H. Shoemaker: Advisory Board Member; Self; Saniona, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Speaker; Self; Saniona, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. C. Ervin: Other; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. L. Norcross: Other; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. S. Fehnel: Other; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. C. Huber: Employee; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock Owner; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. C. Scimia: Employee; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock Owner; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. M.J. Abuzzahab: Consulting Fee; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ascendis, Novo Nordisk, Lumos, Soleno, Pfizer, Inc.. Speaker; Self; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ascendis, Novo Nordisk, Lumos, Soleno, Pfizer, Inc..
Background: Acquired hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a rapid-onset, severe obesity caused by hypothalamic injury that may impair melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway signaling and lead to hyperphagia, decreased energy expenditure, and severe obesity, for which no approved therapies exist. We describe experiences or caregiver observations of hunger, weight, and energy in patients with HO before and after investigational treatment with the MC4R agonist setmelanotide. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted via Zoom by 2 members of the study team with patients or caregivers of patients who completed a Phase 2 trial of setmelanotide (NCT04725240) and enrolled in the open-label long-term extension (NCT03651765). Eligible patients were aged ≥12 years and eligible caregivers were aged ≥18 years and full-time caregivers of patients aged &lt;12 years or unable to self-report. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: Five participants (3 patients, 2 caregivers) completed interviews. After hypothalamic damage (before setmelanotide), all participants described unrelenting hunger, drastically reduced energy or physical activity, and substantial weight gain negatively impacting self-esteem, emotions, and family dynamics. With setmelanotide, all participants reported reduced weight or body mass index, and 4 reported reduced hunger, which was accompanied by improved food-seeking behaviors, sleep (eg, not waking at night for food), self-confidence, and mood. Participants identified reduced hunger and weight and improved emotions or mood as the most important treatment benefits. Additional benefits were improved social engagement, physical activity, and school/work performance. All reported satisfaction and a desire to continue setmelanotide. Conclusions: Patients experienced negative consequences of hypothalamic damage on hunger, weight, and energy that were alleviated by setmelanotide, resulting in broad benefits for patients and caregivers.
Presentation: 6/1/2024