bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Prevailing Diagnosis on Admission Into Adult Psychiatric Wards? A Meta-analysis of Trends in the United Kingdom
Authors: Shoka A. , Lazzari C. , Gower Katherine 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere seems to be an upsurge in psychiatric admissions related to female patients with borderline personality disorder. Does this reflect the actual trend?ObjectivesStudy of the typology of admission into acute psychiatric wards for an adult population.AimsTo understand the trend of actual psychopathology in the general population admitted into psychiatric wards.MethodsA total population of 197 psychiatric admissions was diagnosed in the period March 2015–March 2016 in a general psychiatric ward in the United Kingdom. The four major diagnostic categories were: personality disorder (mostly inclusive of borderline p.d.) (n = 77), paranoid schizophrenia (n = 24), schizoaffective (n = 11) and other (n = 82). Meta-analysis of the population analyzed the results. Gender was divided into 82 male and 125 female admissions, with 181 informal admissions, 68 under Sections of the Mental Health Act, and 5 under recall from Community Treatment Order.ResultsMeta-analysis (Fig. 1) of the whole study showed a statistically significant heterogeneity in results with Tau squared t2 = 0.031, Cochrane's Q (df = 3) = 141.90, P < .001, and I2 = 97.87, a prevalence of borderline personality disorder over other diagnoses; a prevalence of female over male admissions, (t2 = .02, Q (df = 1) = 18.67, P < .001, I2 = 94.64), and a prevalence of patients admitted informally (t2 = 0.131, Q (df = 2) = 586.366, P < .001, I2 = 99.65).ConclusionsThe prevailing population of acute psychiatric wards for the general adult population is females who are admitted informally with diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Situational Dysphoria Scale (SITDS): Development and Validation of a Self-report Questionnaire for Assessing Situational Dysphoria in Borderline Patients
Authors: D’Agostino A. , Aportone A. , Rossi Monti M. , Starcevic V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAccording to contemporary phenomenological literature, dysphoria is the background mood characterizing patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD). In particular circumstances, it can take the form of a state of pressure, urge to act, and quasi-explosion, which is very dependent on situational triggers. There are currently no instruments able to measure this situational form of dysphoria.ObjectivesTo develop and analyze psychometric properties of the Situational Dysphoria Scale (SITDS), a self-report questionnaire that measures situational dysphoria.AimsTo validate the SITDS for a future use in routine clinical practice and, more generally, to assess different forms of dysphoria in BPD in a more precise way.MethodsThe preliminary 58-item SITDS was administered to 105 BPD patients, along with other conceptually similar (Nepean Dysphoria Scale) and conceptually distinct (Cynical Distrust Scale, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-47, empathy quotient, and borderline personality severity Index-IV) instruments. The psychometric characteristics (reliability, internal structure, convergent and divergent validity) of the SITDS were then examined.ResultsThe final 24-item SITDS (with each item rated on three subscales: internal pressure, urge to act, and quasi-explosion) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (alpha = .91). A three-cluster solution was found, with clusters pertaining to personal events, interpersonal events, and environmental events. There were medium to strong correlations with NDS, and weaker but still significant correlations with CynDis, IIP-47, EQ, and BPDSI-IV.ConclusionsThe SITDS is a useful and easy-to-handle instrument for measuring situational dysphoria. Further research in clinical samples is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Hewitt & Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-13 (H&F-MPS13)
Authors: Soares M.J. , Marques C. , Pereira A.T. , Araújo A.I. , Madeira N. , Nogueira V. , Macedo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionH&F Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale is a widely used measure of perfectionism developed to measure Self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), Socially-prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and Other-oriented perfectionism (OOP) dimensions. The original scale comprises 45-likert items. We have previously developed a short version of The H&F-MPS, with 13 items, showing adequate validity in a sample of university students, using principal component analyses method with factors varimax rotation.ObjectiveTo examine the factor structure of the H&F-MPS13 with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using a different sample of Portuguese university students.MethodsThe sample comprises 245 university students (68.9% females), with a mean age of 20.95 years (SD= 2.19; range= 17–33) who completed the H&F-MPS13. CFA was used to test the model suggested by prior exploratory factor analyses of H&F-MPS13.ResultsAfter correlated errors, we obtained a good fit for the second-order factor (X2/d= 2.577; CFI= 0.928; GFI= 0.915, RMSEA= 0.080; P[rmsea ≤ 0.05] = 0.001). The H&F-MPS13 showed acceptable internal consistency (α= 0.77) and the three dimensions presented Cronbach's alphas ranging between acceptable and good (α OOP = 0.67; SPP = 0.73; SOP = 0.89).ConclusionsThe H&F-MPS13 obtained through CFA is a reliable and valid measure to assess perfectionism in Portuguese university students.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship Between Personality Traits and Mental Health in Athletes Students
Authors: Mosavi Amiri S.J. , Abbasalipour M. , Mousavi Amiri S.K. , Ghaemi Amiri R. , Sheikholeslami Amiri M. , Mousavi Amiri S.J. , Nikkhou Amiri A. , Nadalinezhad M. 
Published: June 2017

AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between personality traits and mental health in athlete students. This study was a descriptive and correlation design.MethodSixty athletes students were randomly selected and responded to NEO-PIR inventory and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 28). NEO assesses five personality traits: Neuroticism (N), Extroversion (E), Agreeableness (A), Openness to new experience (O) and Conscientiousness (C), and GHQ assesses four dimensions: Somatic symptoms (A), Anxiety (B), Social withdrawal (C) and Depression (D). NEO assesses five personality traits: Neuroticism, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation test.ResultsThe findings showed that there was positive significant correlation between neuroticism with somatic symptoms and depression, and negative significant correlation between extroversion, agreeableness, openness to new experience and conscientiousness with depression.ConclusionBased on findings, it is concluded that physical exercises and sport plans have positive effects on mood and affect of students, and decrease physical and mental diseases in athletes students.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
DBT for Co-morbid Borderline Personality Disorder and Substance use Disorder Without Drug Replacement in Egyptian Outpatient Settings: A Non-randomized Trial
Authors: Abdelkarim A. , Molokhia T. , Rady A. , Ivanoff A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDialectical behavior therapy has demonstrated effectiveness for patients suffering from co-morbid borderline personality and substance use disorder. The current study tries to replicate results of previous studies in a mixed gender sample of Egyptian outpatients.AimThe aim of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of DBT without drug replacement relative to treatment as usual “TAU” in improving behavioral outcomes related to SUD and BPD, and improving emotional regulation.MethodsForty outpatients with co-morbid BPD and SUD in Alexandria and Cairo were assigned for one year either to comprehensive DBT program (20 patients), or TAU defined as ongoing outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment from referring center (20 patients). Patients were assessed at baseline and follow up assessment at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months was done using Arabic version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), urine multidrug screen and time line follow-back method for assessment of alcohol and substance use history.ResultsFollowing one year of treatment, DBT group showed significantly lower doses of drugs used, DERS score, rates of hospital admission, ER visits, suicidal attempts and episodes of NSSI. Also, DBT patients showed markedly increased retention in treatment and longer duration of total alcohol abstinence and other drugs of abuse. Positive outcomes were maintained for four months post-treatment.ConclusionDBT demonstrated superior efficacy in comparison to TAU for treatment of Egyptian patients suffering from co-morbid borderline personality and substance use disorder across behavioral domains of SUD, BPD and reduction hospital admission, emergency room visits and DERS score.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relapse After First-Episode Psychosis: A 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Pereira E. , Mota Oliveira M. , Guedes R. , Peixoto M.J. , Ferraz I. , Silveira C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRelapse after first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a frequent problem, which can lead to patients’ poorer functioning and response to treatment. Its prevention is one of the most important and challenging targets in the treatment of psychotic disorders.ObjectivesTo characterize and evaluate relapse rates after FEP, during the course of 3 years, of a group of patients admitted at a psychiatry department.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted. Patients with a FEP between ages 18 to 40, admitted at the Clinic of Psychiatry and Mental Health at São João Hospital Centre between January 1, 2007 and September 30, 2013. Only patients with, at least, 3 years of follow-up at the clinic were included.ResultsFinal sample of 58 patients, 39 of which were male (mean age = 26.4 years). Forty patients were excluded by not completing the 3 years follow-up at our department. The cumulative relapse rates were 32.8% at 12 months, 53.4% at 24 months and 63.8% at 36 months. Patients with at least one relapse were younger (25.78 years vs. 27.52 years) and had shorter periods of first hospitalization (19.25 days vs. 23.52 days). These data did not reach statistical significance. Non-adherence to prescribed medication was described in 73.0% (n = 27) of patients at the time of relapse. Eight of them (21.6%) presented with cannabis use.ConclusionsAlthough no statistical significance was reached, our findings are consistent with other studies. A future study with a bigger sample would be important in achieving statistical significant results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Link Between Sleep, Stress and BDNF
Authors: Eckert A. , Karen S. , Beck J. , Brand S. , Hemmeter U. , Hatzinger M. , Holsboer-Trachsler E. 
Published: June 2017

The protein brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major contributor to neuronal plasticity. There is numerous evidence that BDNF expression is decreased by experiencing psychological stress and that accordingly a lack of neurotrophic support causes depression. The use of serum BDNF concentration as a potential indicator of brain alteration is justified through extensive evidence. Recently, we reported, for the first time, a relationship between BDNF and insomnia, since we could show that reduced levels of serum BDNF are correlated with sleep impairment in control subjects, while partial sleep deprivation was able to induce a fast increase in serum BDNF levels in depressed patients. Using a bi-directional stress model as an explanation approach, we propose the hypothesis that chronic stress might induce a deregulation of the HPA system leading in the long term to sleep disturbance and decreased BDNF levels, whereas acute sleep deprivation, can be used as therapeutical intervention in some insomniac or depressed patients as compensatory process to normalize BDNF levels. Indeed, partial sleep deprivation (PSD) induced a very fast increase in BDNF serum levels within hours after PSD which is similar to effects seen after ketamine infusion, another fast-acting antidepressant intervention, while traditional antidepressants are characterized by a major delay until treatment response as well as delayed BDNF level increase. Moreover, we revealed that stress experience and subjective sleep perception interact with each other and affect serum BDNF levels. We identified sleep as a mediator of the association between stress experience and serum BDNF levels.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Burnout in Medical Residents: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Feki I. , Hentati S. , Sallemi R. , Bahloul N. , Zalila D. , Kammoun S. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundBurnout is a state of mental and physical exhaustion related to work. It is manifested in a variety of professions and is prevalent in contexts in which health professionals are required to interact directly with the public.ObjectivesTo estimate the burnout syndrome (BOS) prevalence and to identify its associated factors among medical residents.MethodsA descriptive and analytic study conducted during a period from 2012 until 2014, including 184 residents exerting at the two university hospitals of Sfax, Tunisia. Data collection was conducted using an anonymous self-questionnaire, including demographic items and working conditions items. Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI) was used to assess BOS.ResultsThe average age was 25.14 ± 1.47 years. The sex-ratio was 0.65. The majority (154 residents) was single. Over than half (58.2%) of medical residents endure a high emotional exhaustion, 62.5% a high depersonalisation and 12.5% a low personal accomplishment. About eighty percent (79.3%) of them were in burn out with 37% at intermediate and 11.3% at a severe degree. No statistical association was found between the personal characteristics and BOS. Whereas, several factors related to employment status were correlated with the presence of BOS such us: number of working hours > 30 h/week, a number of free weekends < 2/month and a number of days off ≤ 30 days/year. In addition, we found that psychotropic and alcohol consumption were significantly associated to BOS with respectively P = 0.050 and P = 0.002.ConclusionBurnout is a worrying reality among young doctors. Individual as well as organizational interventions should be targeted to prevention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Palatable Food Access During Adolescence Increased BDNF Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Anxiety-/Depression-Like Behaviors in Males, But Not in Females
Authors: Jahng J.W. , Kim J.Y. , Lee J.H. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to examine sexual dimorphic effects of highly palatable food access during adolescence and youth on psychoemotional behaviors of rats and its underlying neural mechanism.MethodsMale and female Sprague Dawley pups had free access to chocolate cookie rich in fat (highly palatable food) from postnatal day 28 in addition to ad libitum chow, and the control groups received chow only. The food conditions were continued though out the entire experimental period, and the neurochemical and behavioral measurements were performed during young adulthood. Corticosterone levels during 2 h of restraint stress were analyzed with radioimmunoassay, and ΔFosB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) with western blot analysis.ResultsCookie access did not affect body weight gain and total caloric intake in both sexes; however, it increased retroperitoneal fat depot only in males. The time spent in open arms during elevated plus maze test was decreased and immobility during forced swim test was increased in cookie-fed males, but not in cookie-fed females. Main effect of food condition on the stress-induced corticosterone increase was observed in males, but not in females, and cookie access increased BDNF expression in the NAc only in males.ConclusionsIncreased BDNF expression in the NAc and fat depot, in addition to the HPA axis dysfunction, may play roles in the pathophysiology of depression- and/or anxiety-like behaviors induced by cookie access.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparative Assessment of Cognitive Function and Mood Dynamics in Patients with Depression and Eating Disorders in the Process of Treatment
Authors: Makhortova I. , Shiryaev O. 
Published: June 2017

Eating disorders of bulimic type are among the most common comorbidities with depression. The objective is to evaluate cognitive function and mood dynamics in patients with depression and eating disorders in pharmacotherapy. In total, 52 outpatients, who met criteria for “major depressive episode” (ICD-10), participated. The level of depression was estimated with Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAM-D) and cognitive function–Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa). Sample was divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 also met criteria for eating disorder of bulimic type and patients of group 2 did not have any eating disorder. Treatment included standard doses of SSRI. Assessments were performed after 2, 4 and 8 weeks (D14, D30, D60). The level of HAM-D was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in eating disorders group (16.75 ± 2.83 in group 1; 13.04 ± 1.93 in group 2 at screening) and significance was preserved till D60 (9.39 ± 2.54 in group 1; 6.32 ± 1.27 in group 2 at D60). Clinically significant antidepressive effect was revealed faster in group 2 (at D7) compared to group 1 (at D14). Overall score of MoCA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in eating disorders group (20.33 ± 0.54 in group 1; 23.43 ± 2.32 in group 2 at screening) at all stages of treatment (23.39 ± 0.78 in group 1; 26.96 ± 3.27 in group 2 at D60) and it reached normal range (25 and more) only in group 2 at D60. Significant change from screening was revealed at D30 at group 2 and at D60 at group 1.ConclusionEating disorder have an impact on SSRI treatment efficacy including antidepressive and procognitive effects. It is necessary to reveal eating disorders as a co-morbidity in patients with depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
What do Tunisian General Practitioners Know About Insomnia?
Authors: Yaich K. , Maalej Bouali M. , Charfi N. , Sellami W. , Zouari N. , Zouari L. , Ben Thebet J. , Maalej M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionInsomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorders and affects 10% of adults worldwide. It has major social and economic consequences. The aim of our study was to evaluate the knowledge of Tunisian general practitioners (GPs) about insomnia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out during the month of May 2016. Among the 193 GPs randomly selected from different areas of Sfax, in Tunisia, 127 participated to the study. The latter filled a questionnaire including items related to socio-demographic data and clinical features of insomnia.ResultsAmong our participants, 58.3% (n = 74) were men and 41.7% (n = 53) women. The average age was 47.91 ± 10.1 years. They have been working for 17.36 ± 10.7 years on average. Seventy-six of GPs had an individual training and a training by attending conferences or by continuous medical education. Most participants (80.3%) thought that they had some lacuna in the management of insomnia. Specific recommendations for the management and treatment of insomnia were known by 7.2% of the GPs. As for theoretical knowledge about insomnia, 74.8% of participants (n = 95) had a high score of correct answers. The latter was correlated to age (P = 0.013) and to the male gender (P = 0.008). However, it was neither correlated to the seniority of the GPs (P = 0.051) nor to the knowledge of specific recommendations for the management of insomnia (P = 0.11).ConclusionOur results showed that the GPs had a rather good theoretical knowledge about insomnia. Yet, an improvement of the continuous medical education and a better knowledge of specific recommendations for the management of insomnia are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotion Processing Abnormalities in Eating Disorders: An FMRI Pilot Study
Authors: Zemánková P. , Gajdoš M. , Kašpárek T. , Bareš M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAbnormalities in emotional functioning is one of the key features of eating disorders (ED), such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). These patients show increased levels of alexithymia, problems understanding one's own emotion, which has been simultaneously, associated with difficulties in recognizing others emotions.ObjectivesIn this study, we were interested in the neuronal mechanism of emotion processing from both, self and others perspective, and we aimed to compare the underlying brain activations in eating disorder patients and healthy controls.MethodsA sample of 12 women with ED (10 AN, 2 BN) and 11 age and education matched healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI examination while performing emotion recognition task, which requires either inferring mental states of depicted figures, or assessing participant's own feelings evoked by the pictures.ResultsThe task activated superior temporal sulcus bilaterally, left temporo-parietal junction, and medial prefrontal cortex. Those regions have been consistently identified in literature to be active while thinking about other people. Interestingly, group differences analysis revealed that ED patients group showed higher activations in right supramarginal gyrus, compared to HC group. This structure is critical to overcome egocentricity bias in social judgment. Contrary to ED patients, HC group showed greater activations in cingulate gyrus and insula, regions involved in emotion formation and processing.ConclusionWe hypothesize that ED patients tend to suppress their own perspective while thinking about emotional states of others more strongly than HC, probably due to alexithymia and the lack of awareness of their mental states.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.