bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Useful Plain Radiographic Findings in Diagnosis of Pediatric Olecranon Fracture Complicated With Proximal Radial Fracture
Authors: Fujihara Yuki , Tatebe Masahiro , Fujihara Nasa , Tanaka Hiromasa , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: October 2016

Objective
The aim of this study was to verify the use of initial plain radiographs, specifically the presence of a longitudinal crack on the olecranon, for diagnosing olecranon occult fractures in children.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients younger than 16 years who were diagnosed with proximal radial fractures treated at our hospital between April 1, 2006 and September 31, 2014. We included 22 patients (9 boys and 13 girls) with a mean age of 8.5 years. Three hand surgeons were blinded to each other's results after examining all the initial radiographs of the injured elbows. To diagnose the fracture, we evaluated computed tomography scans in 9 cases and follow-up radiographs in the other 13 cases. Finally, we classified the fractured olecranon into 3 types: medial crack, posterior flat, and posterior crack.

Results
Twelve cases (54.5%) had associated olecranon fractures. According to the fracture type of the olecranon, 3 cases were a medial crack, 5 were a posterior flat, and 3 were a posterior crack. Each type of fracture had characteristic findings on plain radiographs. The mean value for sensitivity was 97.2% (range, 91.7%–100%), and the specificity was 90.0% (90.0%).

Conclusions
Our data indicated that this easy, noninvasive use of plain radiographs for checking whether a longitudinal crack exists on the olecranon benefits the patient by preventing missed diagnoses of pediatric olecranon fractures.
Severely Altered-Consciousness Status and Profuse Vomiting in Infants
Authors: Barasche Judith , Stollar Fabiola , Bergmann Marcel M. , Caubet Jean-Christoph 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In infants, the causes of acute repetitive vomiting and severely altered-consciousness status include a broad differential diagnosis, that is, primarly sepsis, infectious gastroenteritis, head injury, and intoxication, as well as neurologic, metabolic, and cardiologic condition diseases. In patients developing such symptoms, allergy as an etiological cause is often not considered by primary care physicians. With this case report, we aim to draw the attention of general pediatricians, emergency physicians, and intensivists to the fact that non–immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergic gastrointestinal disorders such as food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome should be considered in patients with sepsis-like symptoms.
The Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Prolonged Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Absi Mohammed , Kumar Susheel TK , Sandhu Hitesh 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was instituted as an aid to in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) nearly 23 years ago, this led to remarkable improvement in survival considering the mortality rate associated with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Given this success, one begins to wonder whether the time has come for expanding the use of E-CPR to outside hospital cardiac arrests especially in the light of development of newer extracorporeal life support devices that are small, mobile, and easy to assemble. This editorial will review recent studies on this subject and address some key guidelines and limitations of this evolving and promising technology.
Is Serum Bicarbonate Level Associated With Negative Outcomes in Pediatric Patients?
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Mainprize David , Travers Carolyn , Vivas Lilian Lee Yan , Tryphonopoulos Peter , Sangha Gurinder , Arbeau Ryan , Seabrook Jamie , Miller Michael , Sarpal Amrita , Lim Rodrick 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Early identification of children at risk for adverse outcomes is important. Serum bicarbonate is easily collected and widely available. We described the relationship between bicarbonate and adverse outcomes in children presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 17 years from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011, who had a serum bicarbonate measured in the ED. Primary outcome was the predictive ability of bicarbonate for the individual components of the composite outcome that included at least one of the following: intensive care unit admission, assisted ventilation, inotropic support, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or death. Secondary outcome was the relationship between bicarbonate level of greater and less than 13 mEq/L and the composite outcome.

Results
We reviewed 16,989 charts, of which 432 had an adverse outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a bicarbonate level of less than 18.5 mEq/L predicted inotropic support with an area under the curve of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–0.77; P < 0.001) and death with an area under the curve of 0.75 (CI, 0.66–0.85; P < 0.001). Significantly more patients with bicarbonate level of less than 13 mEq/L had at least 1 adverse outcome compared with those with bicarbonate level of greater than 13 mEq/L (4.4% vs 2.5%, P = 0.001), odds ratio 1.96 (95% CI, 1.3–2.97).

Conclusions
Among children presenting to the ED, bicarbonate level of 18.5 mEq/L had fair specificity in predicting inotropic support and death. Negative outcomes are significantly associated with bicarbonate level of less than 13 mEq/L. Bicarbonate should routinely be measured in children at risk of clinical deterioration.
Predictors of Positive CT Yield in Pediatric Patients With Nontraumatic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Hwang Bo Hyun , Kim Younglim , Chae Gi-Bong , Moon Suk-Bae 
Published: October 2016

Objective
The use of abdominal computed tomography (ACT) for nontraumatic abdominal pain in the pediatric emergency department is increasing to a remarkable extent, and every effort should be made to select patients who would benefit from ACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory predictors of positive CT yield in pediatric patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain.

Methods
The medical records of 739 pediatric patients who, between January 2009 and February 2014, underwent ACT for nontraumatic abdominal pain at the emergency department were reviewed retrospectively. These patients were divided into 2 groups: a right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain group and a non-RLQ pain group. The radiology reports were reviewed to determine ACT diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to elicit independent predictors of positive ACT yield. Equations predicting the probability of positive ACT diagnosis were deduced from the regression equation in both groups.

Results
In the RLQ pain group, the most frequent ACT diagnosis was acute appendicitis, and in the non-RLQ pain group, enteritis was the most frequent diagnosis. In the RLQ pain group, sex, leukocytosis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and elevated C-reactive protein were significant independent predictors for positive ACT diagnosis. The number of synchronous predictor was significantly related to the proportion of positive ACT diagnosis. In the non-RLQ pain group, leukocytosis was the only significant predictor in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Factors predicting positive CT yield were sex, leukocytosis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and elevated C-reactive protein in the RLQ pain group and leukocytosis in the non-RLQ pain group.
A Randomized, Open-Label Trial to Evaluate Switching to Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Plus Darunavir in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Adults
Authors: Huhn Gregory D. , Tebas Pablo , Gallant Joel , Wilkin Timothy , Cheng Andrew , Yan Mingjin , Zhong Lijie , Callebaut Christian , Custodio Joseph M. , Fordyce Marshall W. , Das Moupali , McCallister Scott 
Published: October 2016

Background:
HIV-infected, treatment-experienced adults with a history of prior resistance and regimen failure can be virologically suppressed but may require multitablet regimens associated with lower adherence and potential resistance development.

Methods:
We enrolled HIV-infected, virologically suppressed adults with 2-class to 3-class drug resistance and at least 2 prior regimen failures into this phase 3, open-label, randomized study. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter at week 24 [Food and Drug Administration (FDA) snapshot algorithm].

Results:
For 135 participants [elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) plus darunavir (DRV), n = 89; baseline regimen, n = 46], most of whom were taking a median of 5 tablets/d, simplification to E/C/F/TAF plus DRV was noninferior to continuation of baseline regimens at week 24 (plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter: 96.6% vs. 91.3%, difference 5.3%, 95.001% CI: −3.4% to 17.4%). E/C/F/TAF plus DRV met prespecified criteria for noninferiority and superiority at week 48 for the same outcome. E/C/F/TAF plus DRV was well tolerated and had an improved renal safety profile compared with baseline regimens, with statistically significant differences between groups in quantitative total proteinuria and markers of proximal tubular proteinuria. Compared with baseline regimens, participants who switched to E/C/F/TAF plus DRV reported higher mean treatment satisfaction scale total scores and fewer days with missed doses.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that regimen simplification from a 5-tablet regimen to the 2-tablet, once-daily combination of E/C/F/TAF plus DRV has durable maintenance of virologic suppression and improvements in specific markers of renal safety. Such a strategy may lead to greater adherence and improved quality of life.
Bronchiectasis and other chronic lung diseases in adolescents living with HIV
Authors: Attia Engi F. , Miller Robert F. , Ferrand Rashida A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
The incidence of pulmonary infections has declined dramatically with improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, but chronic lung disease (CLD) is an increasingly recognized but poorly understood complication in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV.

Recent findings
There is a high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, abnormal spirometry and chest radiographic abnormalities among HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, wherein 90% of the world's HIV-infected children live. The incidence of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, the most common cause of CLD in the pre-ART era, has declined with increased ART access. Small airways disease, particularly constrictive obliterative bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, are emerging as leading causes of CLD among HIV-infected adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries. Asthma may be more common in high-income settings. Likely risk factors for CLD include recurrent pulmonary infections, air pollution, HIV-related immune dysfunction, and untreated HIV infection, particularly during critical stages of lung development.

Summary
Globally, the importance of HIV-associated CLD as a cause of morbidity and mortality is increasing, especially as survival has improved dramatically with ART and growing numbers of children living with HIV enter adolescence. Further research is urgently needed to elucidate the natural history and pathogenesis of CLD, and to determine optimal screening, diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Antiepileptic Drugs Under Investigation for Treatment of Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Striano Pasquale , Belcastro Vincenzo , Coppola Antonietta , Minetti Carlo , Striano Salvatore 
Published: October 2016

Introduction
Despite optimal medical treatment, up to 30% of patients with epilepsy continue to experience recurrent seizures, and the challenge for new more efficacious and better-tolerated drugs is continuing. New antiepileptic drugs include the evolution of preexisting drugs and new compounds identified through the investigation of additional molecular targets, such as SV2A synaptic vesicle protein, voltage-gated potassium channels, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and gap junctions.

Areas covered
We report the available data about different classes of molecules that are in the pipeline for treatment of focal epilepsy. We will present data available on drugs derived from the evolution of preexisting anticonvulsants. We will then report the results on clinical trials performed with new compounds identified through the investigation of additional molecular targets.

Discussion
The challenge for new, more efficacious, more specific, and better-tolerated drugs is continuing and a better knowledge of mechanisms underlying epilepsy should represent the guide for future research. The ultimate goal of treatment should be not only to render the patients seizure free but also to improve the quality of life and reduce costs of medical care.
Ambidextrous design and public organizations: a comparative case study
Authors: Cannaerts Nele , Segers Jesse , Henderickx Erik 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how public cultural organizations use ambidextrous design to balance exploitation and exploration given their organizational structure that mainly stimulates exploitation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use an abductive methodology and, perform an in-depth comparative case study. The data sample consists of two Belgian public cultural centers located in the Flemish area. In all, 21 semi-structured interviews where analyzed using Nvivo.FindingsResults show, first, that although both cases have the same formal organization chart, their informal structure differs. Second, both cases have a different point of view toward exploitation and exploration. Third, no “pure” ambidextrous designs were found. Finally, the paper formulates theoretical propositions for ambidexterity and public sector research.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of this paper are threefold. First, the authors only compared two cases, so generalization of the findings is limited. Second, although the authors managed to make contributions to ambidexterity and public sector research, theory building is not finished. Finally, researchers have to improve empirical evidence focusing on which design elements lead toward ambidextrous public organizations.Originality/valueThis paper makes a threefold contribution to ambidexterity literature and public sector research. First, the focus on public sector organizations is a rarely taken approach in ambidexterity research. Second, the specific use of ambidextrous design attributes to the limited public sector research that has focused on ambidexterity. Third, the focus on small organizations with limited resources is a rarely taken focus in ambidexterity and public sector research.
Portfolio dynamics under illiquidity
Authors: Buchner Axel 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the effects of illiquidity on portfolio weight and return dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a novel continuous-time framework, the paper makes two key contributions to the literature on asset pricing and illiquidity. The first is to study the effects of illiquidity on portfolio weight dynamics. The second contribution is to analyze how illiquidity affects the risk/return dynamics of a portfolio.

Findings
The numerical results highlight that investors should be prepared for potentially large and skewed variations in portfolio weights and can be away from optimal diversification for a long time when adding illiquid assets to a portfolio. Additionally, the paper shows that illiquidity increases portfolio risk. Interestingly, this effect gets more pronounced when the return correlation between the illiquid and liquid asset is low. Thus, there is a correlation effect in the sense that illiquidity costs, as measured by the increase in overall portfolio risk, are inversely related to the return correlation of the assets.

Originality/value
This is the first paper that highlights that the increase in portfolio risk caused by illiquidity is inversely related to the return correlation between the liquid and illiquid assets. This important economic result contrasts with the widely used argument that the benefit of adding illiquid (alternative) assets to a portfolio is their low correlation with (traditional) traded assets. The results imply that the benefits of adding illiquid assets to a portfolio can be much lower than typically perceived.
Time variation paths of risk sensitivities of bank stocks in the past two decades
Authors: Chen Kaiyi , He Ling T. , Lenin R.B. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to trace time variation paths in risk sensitivities of bank stock returns over the period of 1990-2014, which covers one of most serious financial crises in the history of the USA.Design/methodology/approachThis study programs the flexible least squares (FLS) approach (Kalaba and Testfatsion, 1988, 1989 and 1990) with R, a free statistical computing and graphics software, to estimate the three-factor model developed by He and Reichert (2003) to examine changes in risk sensitivities of bank stocks to the stock market, bond market and real estate market.FindingsBoth FLS and ordinary least squares (OLS) results indicate that the bond market (interest rate) sensitivity of bank stock returns experiences dramatic changes. It is significantly positive before the 2006 subprime mortgage crisis (11/1990 to 5/2006), reduces to insignificant in a short period of 11/2006 to 10/2008 and turns into significantly negative during the period of 11/2008-11/2014. Further, results of this study indicate that bank stocks negatively respond to changes in housing prices in the period of 11/1990-1/1994 and after that the sensitivity turns into significantly positive. The significant shifts in risk sensitivities of banks stock returns coincide with alterations in long-term interest rates and monetary policy, especially the enormously stimulative monetary policy after the financial crisis in 2008.Originality/valueThis study programs the FLS approach with R and uses the FLS approach to demonstrate the time variation paths of risk sensitivities of bank stocks over a period that covers the 2008 financial crisis. The OLS results verify the significant shifts in risk sensitivities suggested by the FLS estimates.
How mathematics postgraduate students use mobile e-book?
Authors: Letchumanan Malathi , Muniandy Balakrishnan 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This pilot study aims to understand how mathematics postgraduate students use mobile e-books for learning activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses qualitative methodology. It uses interview and document review methods to collect data relevant to the study.

Findings
The mathematics postgraduate students use mobile e-books mostly to find information for their research activities. Both the participants have different reading patterns. However, they use the mobile e-book to obtain the same benefit.

Research limitations/implications
The results of the study could not be generalized, as it used qualitative methodology.

Originality/value
This pilot study explains how mathematics postgraduate students use mobile e-books for their learning activities. This is a qualitative study. Hence, it is able to add value to the mobile e-book studies that are lacking qualitative viewpoints.
Library automation with cloud based ILMS Librarika: case study of Central University of South Bihar
Authors: Yuvaraj Mayank 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to carry out an evaluative study of the cloud-based integrated library management solution (ILMS): Librarika.

Design/methodology/approach
An evaluation checklist was designed from the review of existing ILMSs as well as literature review. The checklist was distributed to the library staff of the Central University of South Bihar.

Findings
Librarika was found to be comparable with existing open-source ILMSs but lacked transparency of data. Librarika had all the features of the commonly available open-source ILMSs, like KOHA. However, respondents pointed out that Librarika had a better circulation module and online public access catalogue (OPAC) features compared to other ILMSs. Concerns over data ownership, migration and portability in the cloud were considered as the major bottlenecks in its adoption.

Practical implications
The study will help other libraries in decision-making who are considering Librarika for their ILMSs.

Originality/value
Till date, no evaluative study has been carried out on any cloud-based ILMS.
Using transaction cost economics to explain open innovation in start-ups
Authors: Hsieh Ching-Tang , Huang Hao-Chen , Lee Wei-Long 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The basic concept of transaction cost theory is that firms like to conduct transactions in a channel with lower transaction costs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use the transaction cost perspective to identify which conditions cause companies to choose between outbound open innovation (hierarchy governance) and inbound open innovation (market governance).

Design/methodology/approach
Accordingly, transaction cost economics was used to relate the choice and implementation of open innovation using a sample of 250 electronics and information start-ups in China. Structural equation modeling was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate measurement model, while logistic regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
As expected, the dedicated asset specificity, human asset specificity, behavioral uncertainty, transaction frequency, and small number exchange were positively associated with outbound open innovation.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper lies in explaining the role played by transaction cost economics in the process of open innovation for start-ups through empirical analysis.
Concentration of rivals’ actions and competitive reaction
Authors: Hsieh Kai-Yu , Hyun Eunjung 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how managers’ evaluation of and reaction to multiple rivals’ actions will be affected by the distributional characteristics of these actions, including the extent to which rivals’ actions are centered on certain firms (actor concentration), concentrated in certain time periods (temporal concentration), and clustered in certain geographic locations (spatial concentration).Design/methodology/approachThe analyses are based on panel data on Taiwanese producers of personal computers and peripherals and the investments they made in mainland China after the Asian financial crisis. The authors employ fixed-effect logit regression to test the hypotheses.FindingsRivals’ recent actions in China increase a focal firm’s inclination to act especially when these rivals’ actions are characterized by a high level of actor, temporal, and/or spatial concentration.Originality/valueThe analytical approach goes beyond a dyad-level conceptualization of interfirm rivalry. Incorporating insights from behavioral decision making, the paper shows how a firm with limited attentive capacity reacts to the aggregate impact of multiple rivals’ actions.