bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal disinhibition predicts 5‐year weight regain in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR)
Authors: Lillis J. , Thomas J. G. , Niemeier H. , Wing R. R. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundMaintenance of weight loss remains elusive for most individuals. One potential innovative target is internal disinhibition (ID) or the tendency to eat in response to negative thoughts, feelings or physical sensations. Individuals high on ID do worse on average in standard behavioural treatment programmes, and recent studies suggest that disinhibition could play a significant role in weight regain.PurposeThe purpose of the current study was to examine whether ID was associated with weight change over 5 years of follow‐up in the National Weight Control Registry, a registry of individuals who have successfully lost weight and maintained it.MethodsFrom the National Weight Control Registry, 5,320 participants were examined across 5 years. Weight data were gathered annually. The disinhibition subscale of the Eating Inventory was used to calculate internal disinhibition and External Disinhibition (ED) and was collected at baseline, year 1, year 3 and year 5. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the weight loss maintained across follow‐up years 1 to 5 using ID and ED as baseline and prospective predictors.ResultsInternal disinhibition predicted weight regain in all analyses. ED interacted with ID, such that individuals who were high on ID showed greater weight regain if they were also higher on ED.ConclusionsThe ID scale could be a useful screening measure for risk of weight regain, given its brevity. Improved psychological coping could be a useful target for maintenance or booster interventions.
Realistic efficiency potential of next‐generation industrial Czochralski‐grown silicon solar cells after deactivation of the boron–oxygen‐related defect center
Authors: Walter Dominic C. , Lim Bianca , Schmidt Jan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe measure carrier lifetimes of different Czochralski‐grown silicon (Cz‐Si) materials of various boron and oxygen concentrations and determine the maximum achievable lifetime after an optimized thermal treatment. We obtain very high and stable bulk lifetimes of several milliseconds, virtually eliminating the boron–oxygen (BO) defect complex, which previously limited the carrier lifetime in boron‐doped Cz‐Si materials after prolonged illumination. Based on these experimental results, we introduce a new parameterization of the bulk lifetime of B‐doped Cz‐Si after permanent deactivation of the BO center. Notably, we measure lifetimes up to 4 ms on 2‐Ωcm Cz‐Si wafers at an injection level of 1/10 of the doping concentration. Importantly, these high lifetime values can be reached within 10 and 20 s of BO deactivation treatment. A detailed analysis of the injection‐dependent lifetimes reveals that the lifetimes after permanent deactivation of the BO center can be well described by a single‐level recombination center characterized by an electron‐to‐hole capture cross‐section ratio of 12 and located in the middle of the silicon band gap. We implement the novel parameterization into a two‐dimensional device simulation of a passivated emitter and rear solar cell using technologically realistic cell parameters. The simulation reveals that based on current state‐of‐the‐art solar cell production technology, efficiencies reaching 22.1% are realistically achievable in the near future after complete deactivation of the BO center. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of carrier de‐smearing of photoluminescence images on silicon wafers
Authors: Phang Sieu Pheng , Sio Hang Cheong , Macdonald Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLateral carrier diffusion can lead to significant smearing in photoluminescence (PL) images of silicon wafers with high lifetime or localised recombination centres. A method to de‐smear the PL image by applying the continuity equation in two dimensions has been proposed previously and demonstrated on a virtual wafer with simulated carrier diffusion and artificial random Gaussian noise. This work will demonstrate the de‐smearing method experimentally by using a partially shaded monocrystalline silicon wafer. A criterion for determining the noise filter parameters is also proposed based on the convergence of multiple images measured under the same settings and filtered and de‐smeared in parallel. The results show that the de‐smearing method is effective across most of the wafer, with the exception of regions very close to the shaded edge where the signal to noise ratio is poor. The de‐smearing method was also applied to PL images on a high lifetime n‐type multicrystalline wafer and for Fe imaging of p‐type multicrystalline silicon. De‐smearing of the PL images suggests that the intra grain lifetime of the n‐type multicrystalline silicon can reach up to 800 µs, but is limited by recombination in the grain boundaries. The application of de‐smearing for Fe imaging results in a sharper Fe profile near the grain boundaries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frankliniella fusca resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging challenge for cotton pest management in the eastern United States
Authors: Huseth Anders S , Chappell Thomas M , Langdon Kevin , Morsello Shannon C , Martin Scott , Greene Jeremy K , Herbert Ames , Jacobson Alana L , Reay‐Jones Francis PF , Reed Timothy , Reisig Dominic D , Roberts Phillip M , Smith Ron , Kennedy George G 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the past two decades, neonicotinoid seed treatments have become the primary method to manage tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, on seedling cotton. Because this insect is highly polyphagous and the window of insecticide exposure is short, neonicotinoid resistance was expected to pose a minimal risk. However, reports of higher than expected F. fusca seedling damage in seed‐treated cotton fields throughout the Mid‐South and Southeast US production regions suggested neonicotinoid resistance had developed. To document this change, F. fusca populations from 86 different locations in the eastern United States were assayed in 2014 and 2015 for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam resistance to determine the extent of the issue in the region.RESULTSApproximately 57 and 65% of the F. fusca populations surveyed had reduced imidacloprid and thiamethoxam sensitivity respectively. Survivorship in diagnostic bioassays was significantly different at both the state and regional scales. Multiple‐dose bioassays conducted on 37 of the populations documented up to 55‐ and 39‐fold resistance ratios for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam respectively.CONCLUSIONEstimates of neonicotinoid resistance indicate an emerging issue for management of F. fusca in the eastern United States. Significant variation in survivorship within states and regions indicated that finer‐scale surveys were needed to determine factors (genetic, insecticide use) driving resistance evolution. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Relevance of progesterone receptor immunohistochemical staining to Oncotype DX recurrence score
Authors: Chaudhary Lubna N. , Jawa Zeeshan , Szabo Aniko , Visotcky Alexis , Chitambar Christopher R. 
Published: January 2016

Objective/Background:
Progesterone-receptor negativity (PR–) is predictive of adverse outcomes in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. The Oncotype DX assay provides risk stratification for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) invasive breast cancer; however, the association of PR status and Oncotype DX recurrence scores (RSs) is less clear.

Methods:
We designed an analysis to determine whether a significant difference exists in the RS for ER+/PR– tumors when compared with ER+/PR+ breast cancer. Three hundred and fifty patients with HR+ invasive breast cancer who underwent Oncotype DX testing at our institution from December 2006 to October 2013 were included. We also examined the concordance in the HR status reported by immunohistochemical (IHC) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, F test, t test, and chi-square tests. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine significant predictors of Oncotype DX RS.

Results:
A total of 301 patients had ER+/PR+ tumors and 47 patients had ER+/PR– tumors by IHC. PR– tumors had a significantly higher RS than PR+ tumors (24.7 ± 8.53 vs. 17.3 ± 7.38; p < .001), predicting a greater 10-year risk of distant recurrence. Multivariate linear regression showed PR status and tumor grade to be significant predictors of Oncotype DX RS (p < .0001). A total of 284 patients had HR status reported by Oncotype DX assay. Concordance between IHC and RT-PCR was 99.3% for ER and 88.7% for PR.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that ER+/PR– breast cancer tumors are associated with a significantly higher Oncotype DX scores; this interprets into a higher risk of recurrence. Our data also show that the concordance between IHC and RT-PCR was 99.3% for ER and lower at 88.7% for PR.
Wilms tumor
Authors: Rabeh Wissam , Akel Samir , Eid Toufic , Muwakkit Samar , Abboud Miguel , Solh Hassan El , Saab Raya 
Published: January 2016

Objective/background:
Management of Wilms tumor (WT) in children depends on a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, and outcomes have significantly improved as reported by cooperative group clinical trials. Here, we review the clinical outcomes of patients with WT and identify challenges and barriers encountered in multidisciplinary management outside of cooperative clinical trials.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 35 children with WT treated between April 2002 and June 2013 at the Children's Cancer Institute in Lebanon.

Results:
Upfront resection was performed in 23 cases. Biopsies were performed for Stage V tumors (n = 4), those with unresectable tumors or inferior vena caval thrombus (n = 5), and patients who had partial surgery performed elsewhere prior to presentation (n = 2). One patient died due to toxicity prior to surgery. The tumor was Stage I in eight patients, Stage II in five patients, Stages III and IV in nine patients each, and bilateral (Stage V) in four patients. Adherence to The National Wilms Tumor Study-5 recommendations was adequate. At the time of analysis, 30 patients were free of disease and four patients had relapse-all having metastatic disease initially.

Conclusion:
The National Wilms Tumor Study-5 therapy resulted in favorable outcomes in children with nonmetastatic Wilms tumor in the setting of a multidisciplinary approach to therapy and resolution of financial barriers to medical care. Upstaging due to prior intervention and lung radiation therapy to all those with computed tomography-detected lung nodules may both have resulted in overtreatment of a subset of patients. Finally, the relatively high incidence of bilateral tumors suggests the need for further genetic and molecular studies in this patient population.
Functional studies on circulating and disseminated tumor cells in carcinoma patients
Authors: Alix‐Panabières Catherine , Bartkowiak Kai , Pantel Klaus 
Published: January 2016

Despite numerous clinical studies indicating the clinical relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow of cancer patients, the functional properties of these cells are largely unknown. The focus of this review is to emphasize how functional studies on viable CTCs and DTCs can enlarge the spectrum of applications of “liquid biopsies”. The low number of CTCs in the peripheral blood and DTCs in the bone marrow and the fact that carcinoma cells are difficult to culture are major challenges. Significant advances in the in vitro and in vivo expansion of CTCs and DTCs from cancer patients have been achieved, which enable us now to study the functional properties of these cells. Here, we discuss published data about functional studies on CTCs and DTCs using in vitro cultivation and in vivo xenograft models. Functional analyses on CTCs and DTCs offer the possibility to identify the metastasis‐initiating cells. Moreover, CTC‐derived cell lines and xenografts might point to new therapeutic targets and can be used for drug development.
A survey of knowledge and views concerning genetic and amyloid positron emission tomography status disclosure
Authors: Ott Brian R. , Pelosi Marissa A. , Tremont Geoffrey , Snyder Peter J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionThis survey characterizes viewpoints of cognitively intact at‐risk participants in an Alzheimer Prevention Registry if given the opportunity to learn their genetic and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) status.MethodsA total of 207 participants were offered a 25‐item survey. They were asked if they wished to know their apolipoprotein E (APOE) and amyloid PET status and if so, reasons for wanting to know, or not, and the effects of such information on life plans.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐four (79.2%) of the registrants completed the survey. Among those who were unaware of their APOE or amyloid PET results, 80% desired to know this information. The most common reasons for wanting disclosure were to participate in research, arrange personal affairs, prepare family for illness, and move life plans closer into the future. When asked if disclosure would help with making plans to end one's life when starting to lose their memory, 12.7% versus 11.5% responded yes for APOE and amyloid PET disclosures, respectively. Disclosure of these test results, if required for participation in a clinical trial, would make 15% of the people less likely to participate. Likelihood of participation in prevention research and the desire to know test results were not related to scores on brief tests of knowledge about the tests.DiscussionThese results suggest that stakeholders in AD prevention research generally wish to know biological test information about their risk for developing AD to assist in making life plans.
Impact of Changes in Urine Culture Ordering Practice on Antimicrobial Utilization in Intensive Care Units at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Sarg Mohamed , Waldrop Greer E. , Beier Mona A. , Heil Emily L. , Thom Kerri A. , Preas Michael Anne , Johnson J. Kristie , Harris Anthony D. , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVETo assess antimicrobial utilization before and after a change in urine culture ordering practice in adult intensive care units (ICUs) whereby urine cultures were only performed when pyuria was detected.DESIGNQuasi-experimental studySETTINGA 700-bed academic medical centerPATIENTSPatients admitted to any adult ICUMETHODSAggregate data for all adult ICUs were obtained for population-level antimicrobial use (days of therapy [DOT]), urine cultures performed, and bacteriuria, all measured per 1,000 patient days before the intervention (January–December 2012) and after the intervention (January–December 2013). These data were compared using interrupted time series negative binomial regression. Randomly selected patient charts from the population of adult ICU patients with orders for urine culture in the presence of indwelling or recently removed urinary catheters were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and antimicrobial use characteristics, and pre- and post-intervention data were compared.RESULTSStatistically significant reductions were observed in aggregate monthly rates of urine cultures performed and bacteriuria detected but not in DOT. At the patient level, compared with the pre-intervention group (n=250), in the post-intervention group (n=250), fewer patients started a new antimicrobial therapy based on urine culture results (23% vs 41%, P=.002), but no difference in the mean total DOT was observed.CONCLUSIONA change in urine-culture ordering practice was associated with a decrease in the percentage of patients starting a new antimicrobial therapy based on the index urine-culture order but not in total duration of antimicrobial use in adult ICUs. Other drivers of antimicrobial use in ICU patients need to be evaluated by antimicrobial stewardship teams.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):448–454
Yeast hydrolysate product enhances ruminal fermentation in vitro
Authors: Kettunen H. , Vuorenmaa J. , Gaffney D. , Apajalahti J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe present study examined the mode of action of a patented Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast hydrolysate product (YHP) on the fermentation of bovine rumen in vitro. Three experiments were conducted. Fresh fluid from rumen-cannulated dairy cows was used as an inoculum to ferment a mixture of grass silage and concentrate feed with or without YHP. The first two experiments were batch fermentations of 12–24 h duration while the third experiment was a semi-continuous fermentation of six days. Production of gas, concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial cell density and pH were measured from the fermentation medium as a function of time. In experiment 1, YHP dose-dependently stimulated the production of gas, and increased the density of microbial cells and concentration of SCFAs. Experiment 2 studied the effect of YHP on the ruminal fermentation using three ratios of concentrate feed to grass silage (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25). Both YHP and the elevated proportion of concentrate in the feed mixture significantly increased the production of gas, microbial populations and SCFAs, including propionic acid, by the ruminal microbiota. In experiment 3, YHP increased the concentration and relative proportion of propionic acid in the fermentation medium. YHP stimulated the rate of microbial fermentation of bovine ruminal microbiota, indicated by the effects on gas and SCFA production and microbial mass in these experiments. In particular, YHP increased the production of propionic acid. These results, which were likely due to modulation of microbial community by YHP, suggest that YHP enhances bovine ruminal fermentation and may thus improve the performance of these animals.
The Problem of the Hermes of Olympia
Authors: Cuttle W. L. 
Published: January 2016

Praxiteles worked from perhaps about 370 B.C. to about 330 B.C. : he was a prolific sculptor, both in bronze and marble. To him was ascribed the chief part in the introduction of a psychological interest into Greek statues, whereby they became individual rather than typical : he exaggerated the slimness and the curvature of the human body, and employed in a certain measure the technique of impressionism. These general characteristics were long recognized in a number of copies of his works, which were much appreciated by the Romans.About A.D. 174 Pausanias, compiling his guide-book to Greece, visited Olympia and saw there in the Heraeum a marble group which he described as a ‘Hermes carrying the infant Dionysos : the work of Praxiteles’. This is the only reference in ancient literature to such a work by that sculptor.
Mr Myres on Saxon London: a reply
Authors: Wheeler R. E. M. 
Published: January 2016

This is where Mr Myres and I don our cardboard armour, rattle our wooden sabres, and join battle to the death or tea-time.Let me parry blow by blow, and, first, that one about the street-plan. I give that precedence because Mr Myres is (relatively) so serious about it. He regards the ‘chaos of curvilinear lanes’ which is the medieval street-plan of London as, above all, a ‘piece of positive evidence’ which makes any survival of Roman London through the Dark Ages ’extremely improbable’. As Mr Myres well knows, this argument goes back through William Page to Noah, and the only surprising thing about it is that Mr Myres should still find himself using it in this year of grace. The reply, in part at least, is almost equally ancient, but has never perhaps been developed as fully as the argument appears to deserve.
Excavations at Olbia, Crimea
Authors: Field Henry 
Published: January 2016

Systematic excavations at Olbia, begun in 1896, from the very outset aroused much interest in all parts of the world. The collection of Olbian exhibits occupy a prominent place in the departments of the Hermitage, the Historical Museum in Moscow and many other museums of the USSR. Olbian collections, some of them of considerable size, are also represented in the largest museums of Germany, France, the United States and other countries.In 1921, by decision of the government of the Ukrainian SSR, the territory of Olbia, located twenty miles from Nikolaiev, was declared a State preserve. A by-road, which branches off from the main highway leading to Odessa, brings one to Porutino village on the banks of the Bug river.
Kilwa: a Review
Authors: Glueck Nelson 
Published: January 2016

Transjordanien: voregneschichtliche Forschungen, edited by Hans Rhotert, with contributions by Prof. Franz M. Th. Böhl and Dr K. Willman. pp. XII, 251, 63 photographs, 294 line-drawings and 3 maps. Verlag Strecker und Schröder, Stuttgart, 1938.During December 1932, a joint expedition of the Transjordan Department of Antiquities, and the American School of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, under the direction of Mr and Mrs George Horsfield and the reviewer, undertook a trip of archaeological reconnaissance through the desert of eastern Transjordan from Mafrak to Kilwa. The existence of ruins at Kilwa was known to us, and they formed the ultimate objective of our journey. Gertrude Bell seems to have been the first European to have visited these ruins on her way to Hayil in 1914, merely recording the fact in her Letters. We were able to establish the fact that the buildings there belonged to a Christian community of c. A.D. 1000. They housed a monastic settlement, marked also by numerous small cells in the vicinity of the main buildings, which existed in the midst of a Moslem world. The early Christian settlement at Kilwa was well situated.
New World Origins Seen from the Old World
Authors: Bushnell Geoffrey , McBurney Charles 
Published: January 2016

The last few years have seen a rapid advance in our knowledge of the early inhabitants of America, not of their bones, which are still elusive, but of the ways in which they lived and the things they made and used. The appearance of two important publications gives occasion for a brief review of the present state of the problem and how it appears from outside.Dr Wormington’s book is a new edition of an old friend, which is, like its predecessors, indispensable to anyone who wants to keep up with the material. It gives concise factual accounts of a large number of finds ; it aims at inclusiveness rather than selection, and the material is becoming rather overwhelming in volume, but the evidence, or lack of it, for dating a site is always clearly set out and the reader has no difficulty in picking out those which are really significant. Wormington can now divide her material into Palaeoeastern and Palaeowestern Traditions, of which more will be said below, as well as a Palaeonorthern one which has not yet been proved to be so early in date. Professor Jennings’ monograph had not been published when her book appeared, but she had an idea of its significance from progress reports. It describes the excavation of three caves in western Utah, of which by far the most important is Danger Cave ; the evidence is fully but rather naïvely set out, and it would have gained by being more concisely expressed.