bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal incontinence knowledge, attitudes, and help‐seeking behaviors among community‐dwelling adults in Korea
Authors: Joh Hee‐Kyung , Seong Moo‐Kyung , Ahn Hyun‐Jun 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesFecal incontinence (FI) is a common debilitating disorder that tends to be underreported. Although low health literacy likely contributes to the underreporting, studies on FI knowledge among the general population remain scarce. We investigated how FI knowledge is associated with attitudes and help‐seeking behaviors.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey among community‐dwelling adults undergoing national health screening in Korea. A structured, self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess FI knowledge, attitudes, and help‐seeking behaviors. Odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence intervals, CIs) were estimated using logistic regression with adjustment for covariables.ResultsOf the 601 participants completing the survey, only 29.8% were aware of the term FI, and their knowledge levels were insufficient. As for FI‐related attitudes, 24.6% considered FI to be very rare, and 22.3% considered it to be moderately or less distressing. Individuals who knew the term FI tended to consider FI more common (OR: 2.45; 95%CI: 1.49‐4.02) and distressing (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.07‐2.63) than those without knowledge. Assuming future FI occurrence, those considering FI to be distressing were less willing to ignore or self‐manage the condition (OR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.11‐0.58). Among patients with FI (n = 83), only 30.1% had sought help and 8.4% had consulted doctors. Knowing the term FI was significantly associated with overall help‐seeking behavior (OR: 9.23; 95%CI: 2.09‐40.77).ConclusionsFI knowledge levels and help‐seeking rates were low among community‐dwelling adults. FI knowledge was significantly associated with attitudes and help‐seeking behaviors. Future public education programs are warranted to improve FI knowledge, attitudes, and help‐seeking behaviors.
Reactive toughening of urea–formaldehyde resin with poly(vinyl alcohol) by formation of interpenetrating networks
Authors: Liu Yalong , Yuan Junling , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin 
Published: January 2018

A series of urea–formaldehyde/poly(vinyl alcohol) (UF/PVA) blends were prepared via in situ polymerization. During the synthesis process, intra‐ and intermolecular acetalization of PVA occurred, along with the addition and condensation reactions between urea and formaldehyde, resulting in the formation of UF/PVA interpenetrating networks. With the increase of PVA content, the curing temperature shifted to higher temperatures and the activation energy (E) increased, suggesting that it was more difficult for the blends to cure. UF/PVA blends showed high storage modulus and only one broad tan δ peak, indicating that the stiffness was enhanced and the phase separation was limited at the chain segmental level. By the introduction of PVA, the elongation at break, impact strength, KIC value, and roughness of the fracture surface increased obviously, while the tensile strength can still maintain at a high level. Due to the forced compatibilization of the two components, homogeneous interpenetrating UF/PVA networks can form and thus the toughness of the blends was enhanced. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2031–2038, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
An Off‐Shell Superspace Reformulation of D = 4, N = 4 Super‐Yang–Mills Theory
Authors: Cederwall Martin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract, super‐Yang–Mills theory has an off‐shell superspace formulation in terms of pure spinor superfields, which is directly inherited from the theory. That superspace, in particular the choice of pure spinor variables, is less suitable for dealing with fields that are inherently 4‐dimensional, such as the superfields based on the scalars, which are gauge‐covariant, and traces of powers of scalars, which are gauge‐invariant. We give a reformulation of , super‐Yang–Mills theory in superspace, using inherently 4‐dimensional pure spinors. All local degrees of freedom reside in a superfield based on the physical scalars. The formalism should be suited for calculations of correlators of traces of scalar superfields.
Pharmacokinetic equivalence, comparable safety, and immunogenicity of an adalimumab biosimilar product (M923) to Humira in healthy subjects
Authors: Hillson Jan , Mant Tim , Rosano Molly , Huntenburg Carolyn , Alai‐Safar Mehrshid , Darne Siddhesh , Palmer Donna , Pavlova Borislava G. , Doralt Jennifer , Reeve Russell , Goel Niti , Weilert Doris , Rhyne Paul W. , Chance Kamali , Caminis John , Roach James , Ganguly Tanmoy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aims of this randomized, double‐blind, three‐arm, single‐dose study were to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence of the adalimumab biosimilar M923 (hereafter referred to as “M923”) to each of 2 reference products, and to assess M923's safety and immunogenicity. Primary PK endpoints were maximum observed concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐inf), and AUC from time 0 to 336 hours (AUC0‐336). Secondary endpoints included safety and immunogenicity assessments. Healthy subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a 40‐mg dose of M923 (n = 107); adalimumab US Humira (n = 105), hereafter referred to as “US Humira”; or adalimumab EU Humira (n = 103), hereafter referred to as “EU Humira.” PK equivalence was demonstrated for all primary PK endpoints. Geometric least squares means ratios (GMRs) for Cmax, AUC0‐inf, and AUC0‐336 were 99.4, 100.9, and 100.5, respectively, between the M923 and EU Humira arms and 102.6, 104.2, and 102.9 between the M923 and US Humira arms. The 90% confidence intervals of the GMRs for all PK endpoints were within prespecified confidence bounds of 80%‐125%. Adverse event rates were similar across the M923 (47.7%), US Humira (50.9%), and EU Humira (53.3%) arms and were generally mild (73.7%) or moderate (22.0%). The proportion of subjects with a confirmed antidrug antibody (ADA) response was similar across study arms. This study demonstrated bioequivalent PK among M923, US Humira, and EU Humira and demonstrated that the PK parameters were consistent with similar safety and tolerability profile and ADA response rates.
The mechanism of diflufenican resistance and its inheritance in oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L.) from Australia
Authors: Dang Hue Thi , Malone Jenna Moira , Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn oriental mustard population (P3) collected near Quambatook, Victoria was identified as being resistant to diflufenican by screening with the field rate (200 g a.i. ha‐1) of the herbicide. The mechanism(s) of diflufenican resistance and its inheritance in this population were therefore investigated.RESULTSDose‐response experiments confirmed that population P3 was 140‐fold more resistant to diflufenican than susceptible populations, as determined by the comparison of 50% lethal (LD50) values. The phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene from five individuals each of the S1 [susceptible (S)] and P3 [resistant (R)] populations was sequenced, and a substitution of valine for leucine at position 526 (Leu‐526‐Val) was detected in all five individuals of P3, but not in the S1 population. Inheritance studies showed that diflufenican resistance is encoded in the nuclear genome and is dominant, as the response to diflufenican at 200 g a.i. ha‐1 of F1 families was equivalent to that of the resistant biotype. The segregation of F2 phenotypes fitted a 3:1 inheritance model. Segregation of 42 F2 individuals by genotype sequencing fitted a 1:2:1 (ss:Rs:RR) ratio.CONCLUSIONResistance to diflufenican in oriental mustard is conferred by the Leu‐526‐Val mutation in the PDS gene. Inheritance of resistance is managed by a single gene with high levels of dominance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Testing a chemical series inspired by plant stress oxylipin signalling agents for herbicide safening activity
Authors: Brazier‐Hicks Melissa , Knight Kathryn M , Sellars Jonathan D , Steel Patrick G , Edwards Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerbicide safening in cereals is linked to a rapid xenobiotic response (XR), involving the induction of glutathione transferases (GSTs). The XR is also invoked by oxidized fatty acids (oxylipins) released during plant stress, suggesting a link between these signalling agents and safening. To examine this relationship, a series of compounds modelled on the oxylipins 12‐oxophytodienoic acid and phytoprostane 1, varying in lipophilicity and electrophilicity, were synthesized. Compounds were then tested for their ability to invoke the XR in Arabidopsis and protect rice seedlings exposed to the herbicide pretilachlor, as compared with the safener fenclorim.RESULTSOf the 21 compounds tested, three invoked the rapid GST induction associated with fenclorim. All compounds possessed two electrophilic carbon centres and a lipophilic group characteristic of both oxylipins and fenclorim. Minor effects observed in protecting rice seedlings from herbicide damage positively correlated with the XR, but did not provide functional safening.CONCLUSIONThe design of safeners based on the characteristics of oxylipins proved successful in deriving compounds that invoke a rapid XR in Arabidopsis but not in providing classical safening in a cereal. The results further support a link between safener and oxylipin signalling, but also highlight species‐dependent differences in the responses to these compounds. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of Glycerol on the Properties of the Cross‐Linked Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Beads
Authors: Zhu Xuejun , Zhang Yi , Deng Jun , Luo Xujun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/glycerol hydrogel beads were created, using saturated boric acid and calcium chloride solution as the chemical crosslinking agents. The structure and properties of the PVA/glycerol hydrogel beads were studied. The results indicated that glycerol could improved the water absorption rate and the swelling rate at equilibrium. Also improved were the capillary water absorption capacity and the permeability of the PVA/glycerol hydrogel beads. The rheological tests showed that glycerol was able to improve the effective crosslinking density of the hydrogel beads. The amount of total water of the PVA/glycerol hydrogel beads slightly increased upon the addition of glycerol.
Enhanced Water Stability in Zn‐Doped Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) for CO2 Capture Applications
Authors: Qian Xukun , Ren Qingbao , Wu Xiaofei , Sun Jing , Wu Hongyu , Lei Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, the water stability of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) is successfully enhanced by Zn‐doping during the crystallization process. Both elemental mapping analysis and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that Zn element is doped in the ZIF‐67’s crystals. The thermal stability, surface area and CO2 capacity are not significantly affected by Zn‐doping as evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gas sorption. When exposed to liquid water, the doped ZIF‐67 s show better stability in terms of crystal structure, morphology, surface area and CO2 uptake capacity. However, the undoped ZIF‐67 crystals collapse and nearly lose their porosity as well as CO2 uptake capacity after the same exposure. This study provides a new approach to enhance the water stability of ZIF‐67.
Two Dimensional TiS2 as a Promising Insertion Anode for Na‐Ion Battery
Authors: Chaturvedi Apoorva , Edison Eldho , Arun Nagasubramanian , Hu Peng , Kloc Christian , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Madhavi Srinivasan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the synthesis of TiS2 by chemical vapour transport and evaluated as insertion host for Na‐ion battery. The half‐cell assemblies are fabricated to study the Na‐insertion properties. The Na/TiS2 cell displayed a reversible capacity of ∼146 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C rate which corresponds to ∼0.61 mol. Na. Excellent cycling stability, and rate performance are noted for TiS2. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements supports the charge storage mechanism and interfacial properties, respectively. Operando studies are also conducted to ensure the structural stability of the insertion host. Furthermore, the Li‐insertion properties are also conducted to support the electrochemical activity of the host matrix prepared by chemical vapour transport.
Sulphated Zirconia Supported on Cordierite Honeycomb Monolith for Effective Synthesis of Solketal from Acetalisation of Glycerol with Acetone
Authors: Vasantha Vanagoor T. , Venkatesha Naragalu J. , Shamshuddin Sathgatta Z. Mohamed , D'Souza Joyce Queeny , Reddy Bongu G. Vijayasimha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLiquid phase acetalisation of glycerol with acetone to synthesize a value added glycerol acetal (solketal) has been studied over solid oxides such as ZrO2, ZrO2‐Al2O3 and SO42−/ZrO2 coated on cordierite honeycomb monoliths. Such honeycomb monoliths were characterized by XRD, TPD‐NH3, BET, SEM and FTIR techniques. Characterization results indicate that the incorporation of calculated amounts of Al2O3 or SO42− on ZrO2 strongly influences the surface acidity of ZrO2, increases the catalytically active tetragonal phase of ZrO2 and improves surface area and pore volume. Modified ZrO2 catalysts coated on honeycombs show better conversion and selectivity towards solketal when compared to pure ZrO2. Moreover cordierite honeycomb monoliths coated with catalytic materials were found to be efficient, easily reactivable and reusable for at least 6 reaction cycles.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4 & 1,5‐Enynes through a Ca(II)‐ Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrative‐Coupling of Styrenes and Propargyl alcohols
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Dada Ravikrishna , Pareek Abhishek 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA chemo and regioselective C(sp3) – C(sp2) and C(sp3) – C(sp3) bond formation through a Cross‐Dehydrative‐Coupling of styrenes and propargyl alcohols is described for the synthesis of 1,4 and 1,5‐enynes. The first direct coupling of cyclic alkenes with oxindole derived propargylic alcohols is achieved for the synthesis of quaternary centered enynes under mild reaction conditions and demonstrated the gram scale synthesis. This approach meets the sustainable criterion of chemical synthesis due to its air‐tolerance, atom economic (water is the only by‐product), solvent free and use of less expensive and more abundant Ca(II) as the promoter.
High pH Sensing Properties of a New Schiff‐base Compound
Authors: Maity Dinesh , Halder Shibashis , Roy Partha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new Schiff‐base molecule, 4‐chloro‐2‐((2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol (LH2) has been found as a fluorescent chemosensor for high pH. It has been synthesized by condensation of 4‐hydrazinylpyridine and 5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde (1:1) in methanol. It has been characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic methods. LH2 shows emission peak at 571 nm (λex=390 nm) upto pH 10.5 and a new peak at 504 nm emerges with increasing intensity with higher pH value of the media. Several cations and anions do not have any significant effect on the emission intensity of LH2. Color of LH2 changes distinctly when pH of aqueous medium is changed from 10.5 to 11 when observed under both visible and UV light. Some theoretical calculations have been performed to look into the spectral transitions. This probe has been used for the detection of pH regions using sea water.
Pot, Atom, Step Economic (PASE) Approach towards (Aza)‐2,2′‐Bipyridines: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Khasanov Albert F. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Kim Grigory A. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Kovalev Igor S. , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Majee Adinath , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn efficient approach towards α‐unsubstituted‐2,2′‐bipyridines, their aza‐analogs and 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazine precursors is reported via pot, atom, step economic (PASE) process starting from isonitrosoacetophenone hydrazone and readily available hetero‐arylnitriles. The crystal structures of three key compounds were confirmed by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition the photophysical properties of the new (aza)‐2,2′‐pyridines were studied.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Dual Bond Formation: One‐Pot Synthesis of Indenes
Authors: Niharika Pedireddi , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIndenes comprise an important class of carbocyclic compounds. Many indenes constitute a ubiquitous core structure present in several natural products of biological importance. Also, synthetically designed indenes exhibit significant pharmacological activities. Owing to their interesting features, development of synthetic strategies towards their preparation is highly desirable. Herein, we describe a simple and an effective one‐pot method for the synthesis of indenes using Lewis acid catalysis. This method enables formation of two C−C bonds in a one‐pot protocol from readily accessible tert‐benzyl alcohols and diaryl acetylenes. The scope of the reaction has been well studied on varied tertiary alcohols from simple to electronically rich systems. The designed methodology has been effective on symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes. The present method involves Lewis acid in catalytic amounts, thus prevents the formation of competitive homo cyclodimerization. Significantly, a variety of indenes constituting a quaternary carbon atom were synthesized.
Choline Azide: New Reagent and Ionic Liquid in Catalyst‐Free and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 5‐Substituted‐1H‐Tetrazoles: A Triple Function Reagent
Authors: Mehraban Jamshid Azarnia , Azizi Kobra , Jalali Mahsa Sadat , Heydari Akbar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn efficient and green route for the synthesis of 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles using choline azide as a new azidation reagent in solvent‐free and catalyst‐free conditions, is reported for the first time. The noteworthy aspects of this high‐yield and cost‐effective reaction are simple methodology, mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up procedure, low reaction time, and specially using choline azide as an effective alternative to hazardous azidation agent.
Sputter‐Deposited Amorphous LiCuPO4 Thin Film as Cathode Material for Li‐ion Microbatteries
Authors: Sugiawati Vinsensia Ade , Vacandio Florence , Knauth Philippe , Djenizian Thierry 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the electrochemical performance of amorphous LiCuPO4 thin films obtained by radio frequency sputtering as a cathode material for Li‐ion microbatteries. The thin films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry and electrochemical techniques. Charge/discharge profiles and cycling performance were evaluated in lithium electrochemical test cells. Cyclic voltammogram of the LiCuPO4 film shows the typical redox reaction peak at ∼ 1.9 V vs. Li/Li+. A discharge capacity of 160 mAh g−1 (50 μAh cm−2) is attained for the first cycle at C/10 to reach a stable capacity of 70 mAh g−1 (22 μAh cm−2) with good stability over 160 cycles. For comparison, the electrochemical performance of a crystalline LiCuPO4 film was investigated. The first discharge could deliver a high capacity of around 375 mAh g−1 at C/10, but the capacity decayed quickly to a low capacity of 11 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles. The results show that the LiCuPO4 amorphous materials can be considered as the exciting cathode candidate for Li‐ion microbatteries.
Logic Operations Based on Analyte Response of CRANAD‐1: A Simple Molecular Switch Acts as Acid‐Base Sensor
Authors: Sherin Daisy R. , Manojkumar Thanathu K. , Rajasekharan Kallikat N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSimple molecular logic gates are demonstrated on the basis of acid‐base analyte response of CRANAD‐1, 2,2‐difluoro‐4,6‐bis[β‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)]‐1,3,2‐dioxaborine. The blue to red shift of absorption maxima in acidic to basic media is used to function two logic operations‐IMP (IMPLICATION) and INH (INHIBIT) gates. The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap shows the easier transition of electrons after complexation with basic anions such as OH−and CN−which is absent in the presence of H+. The NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) analysis clearly demonstrates the shift from blue to red with respect to charge transfer from analytes to CRANAD‐1. Computed absorption spectra were compared with available experimental data.
Progress in Synthesis of Propargylamine and Its Derivatives by Nanoparticle Catalysis via A3 coupling: A Decade Update
Authors: Saha Tanmoy Kumar , Das Rima 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPropargylamine and its derivatives are important skeletal structure for synthesis of many nitrogen containing active biological and pharmaceutical compounds. They are classically prepared from aldehyde, amine and alkyne (A3 coupling) which proved to be an exciting method since water is the only by‐product with the desired compound. Three component coupling strategies are very attractive research domain in organic chemistry during the past two decades for the synthesis of highly functionalized organic molecules. Molecular diversity in three component reactions ends up with several methods for drug discovery process towards the synthesis of structurally tailored heterocyclic compounds. These one pot transformation processes do involve simultaneous addition of reactants, reagents and catalyst. The reactions are generally carried out by employing several transition metal catalysts. Nanoparticles have shown their potential as catalysts in several fields of chemical research in modern era. Now, they have taken entry in multicomponent reaction system for playing the role of a catalyst. This review highlights a library of metal nanoparticles which have been used in recent years for synthesis of propargylamine and its derivatives via A3 coupling reactions.
Azetidinium‐based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids with High Strain Energy
Authors: Zheng Bingxiao , Zhang Yanqiang , Zhang Zejun , Liu Long , Chen Shengli , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA class of azetidinium‐based hypergolic ionic liquids was synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopies, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The properties of six synthesized ionic liquids were characterized with respect to liquid range (−80–200 °C), density (0.99–1.05 g cm−3), heat of formation (0.70–2.17 kJ g−1), specific impulse (164.0–184.5 s), and ignition delay time (23–130 ms). In order to better understand the relation between ring stains and energy of obtained compounds, the isomers of 9 were also synthesized for comparison. It is interesting to find that, compared with the isomers (9 a: 0.41 kJ g−1, 156.5 s; 9 b: 0.36 kJ g−1, 155.3 s), 9 exhibited a much higher heat of formation (0.78 kJ g−1) and specific impulse (164.8 s), which indicates that ring strains play an important role in the performance of energetic compounds. With the highest energetic properties (2.17 kJ g−1, 184.5 s), 12 has a greater potential to be employed as green propellants.