bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit Review Instrument to Evaluate Quality of Care Delivered by Physicians to Children in Emergency Departments
Authors: Marcin James P. , Romano Patrick S. , Dharmar Madan , Chamberlain James M. , Dudley Nanette , Macias Charles G. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Powell Elizabeth C. , Rogers Alexander J. , Sonnett Meridith , Tzimenatos Leah , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Andrews‐Dickert Rebecca , Borgialli Dominic A. , Sidney Erika , Casper Charlie , Dean Jonathan Michael , Kuppermann Nathan ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the consistency, reliability, and validity of an implicit review instrument that measures the quality of care provided to children in the emergency department (ED).Data Sources/Study SettingMedical records of randomly selected children from 12 EDs in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN).Study DesignEight pediatric emergency medicine physicians applied the instrument to 620 medical records.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe determined internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and inter‐rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We evaluated the validity of the instrument by correlating scores with four condition‐specific explicit review instruments.Principal FindingsIndividual reviewers' Cronbach's alpha had a mean of 0.85 with a range of 0.76–0.97; overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. The ICC was 0.49 for the summary score with a range from 0.40 to 0.46. Correlations between the quality of care score and the four condition‐specific explicit review scores ranged from 0.24 to 0.38.ConclusionsThe quality of care instrument demonstrated good internal consistency, moderate inter‐rater reliability, high inter‐rater agreement, and evidence supporting validity. The instrument could be useful for systems' assessment and research in evaluating the care delivered to children in the ED.
Certifying Death in the United States
Authors: Ruiz Leah , Posey Brianne M. , Neuilly Melanie‐Angela , Stohr Mary K. , Hemmens Craig 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccurately identifying death and its causes is integral to the compilation of mortality data and ultimately to the operation of the criminal justice and public health systems. A clear understanding of who is in charge of such processes is paramount to establishing the quality, or lack thereof, of the information provided in death certificates. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of all state statutes identifying death investigators charged with classifying and certifying death in the United States. We found that state statutes designate a broad range of individuals as responsible for the classification and certification of death. Those vary by state and set of circumstances and can include medical examiners, coroners, pathologists, other physicians, registered nurses, and more. Our findings highlight the important need for a unified standard of qualifications in the medico‐legal system, as well as, regulatory reform at the state level regarding who can complete and sign death certificates.
Microhaplotypes provide increased power from short‐read DNA sequences for relationship inference
Authors: Baetscher Diana S. , Clemento Anthony J. , Ng Thomas C. , Anderson Eric C. , Garza John C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe accelerating rate at which DNA sequence data are now generated by high‐throughput sequencing instruments provides both opportunities and challenges for population genetic and ecological investigations of animals and plants. We show here how the common practice of calling genotypes from a single SNP per sequenced region ignores substantial additional information in the phased short‐read sequences that are provided by these sequencing instruments. We target sequenced regions with multiple SNPs in kelp rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens) to determine “microhaplotypes” and then call these microhaplotypes as alleles at each locus. We then demonstrate how these multi‐allelic marker data from such loci dramatically increase power for relationship inference. The microhaplotype approach decreases false‐positive rates by several orders of magnitude, relative to calling bi‐allelic SNPs, for two challenging analytical procedures, full‐sibling and single parent–offspring pair identification. We also show how the identification of half‐sibling pairs requires so much data that physical linkage becomes a consideration, and that most published studies that attempt to do so are dramatically underpowered. The advent of phased short‐read DNA sequence data, in conjunction with emerging analytical tools for their analysis, promises to improve efficiency by reducing the number of loci necessary for a particular level of statistical confidence, thereby lowering the cost of data collection and reducing the degree of physical linkage amongst markers used for relationship estimation. Such advances will facilitate collaborative research and management for migratory and other widespread species.
A retrospective cohort study of the health of children prenatally exposed to methadone, buprenorphine or naltrexone compared with non‐exposed control children
Authors: Kelty Erin , Hulse Gary 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesLittle is known about the health of children exposed to opioid pharmacotherapies in utero. This study aims to examine the health of children from birth to 5 years of age, who were exposed to methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone with non‐exposed children.MethodsChildren were identified by linking the treatment records of women treated with one of the three opioid pharmacotherapies with midwife notifications. Live‐born children exposed to methadone (n = 198), buprenorphine (n = 122), naltrexone (n = 67) in utero, and neonates not prenatally exposed to opioids (n = 387) born between 2001 and 2011 in Western Australia were included in the study. The children were then linked to state mortality, hospital, emergency department (ED), mental health, cancer, and reportable diseases from birth up to their 5th birthday.ResultsOverall rates of hospital admission were elevated in all three treatments as compared with the control children, while rates of ED attendances were only significantly elevated in the methadone (p = .002) and naltrexone (p = .044) exposed children. In terms of both hospital and ED attendances, the differences between the exposed and control children was most apparent in the neonatal period. Rates of mental health out‐patient attendances were elevated in buprenorphine‐exposed children as compared with the control (p = .005).Discussion and ConclusionsThe study provides evidence to suggest a disparity in the health of children exposed to opioid pharmacotherapies in utero compared with non‐exposed control children.Scientific SignificanceExposure to opioid pharmacotherapies in utero may influence the health of children beyond the neonatal period. (Am J Addict 2017;26:845–851)
Relationship between testosterone in serum, saliva and urine during treatment with intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in gender dysphoria and male hypogonadism
Authors: Lood Y. , Aardal‐Eriksson E. , Webe C. , Ahlner J. , Ekman B. , Wahlberg J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryLong‐term testosterone replacement therapy is mainly monitored by trough levels of serum testosterone (S‐T), while urinary testosterone (U‐T) is used by forensic toxicology to evaluate testosterone doping. Testosterone in saliva (Sal‐T) may provide additional information and simplify the sample collection. We aimed to investigate the relationships between testosterone measured in saliva, serum and urine during standard treatment with 1,000 mg testosterone undecanoate (TU) every 12th week during 1 year. This was an observational study. Males with primary and secondary hypogonadism (HG; n = 23), subjects with gender dysphoria (GD FtM; n = 15) and a healthy control group of men (n = 32) were investigated. Sal‐T, S‐T and U‐T were measured before and after TU injections. Sal‐T was determined with Salimetrics® enzyme immunoassay, S‐T with Roche Elecsys® testosterone II assay and U‐T by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Sal‐T correlated significantly with S‐T and calculated free testosterone in both controls and patients (HG men and GD FtM), while Sal‐T to U‐T showed weaker correlations. Trough values of Sal‐T after 12 months were significantly higher in the GD FtM group (0.77 ± 0.35 nmol/L) compared to HG men (0.53 ± 0.22 nmol/L) and controls (0.46 ± 0.15 nmol/L), while no differences between S‐T and U‐T trough values were found. Markedly elevated concentrations of salivary testosterone, 7–14 days after injection, were observed, especially in the GD FtM group. This study demonstrates that Sal‐T might be a useful clinical tool to monitor long‐term testosterone replacement therapy and might give additional information in forensic cases.
Interleukin‐12 and its procoagulant effect on erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin(ogen): the lesser known side of inflammation
Authors: Page Martin J. , Bester Janette , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: November 2017

SummaryInflammation, with its associated inflammatory molecules, is integral to most chronic diseases, including the various cardiovascular diseases. Interleukin 12 (IL12) is one of the inflammatory cytokines that is upregulated during inflammation; however, we know very little about its exact effect on red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and fibrin(ogen). IL12 is an important pleiotropic cytokine in early inflammatory responses and has potent immunomodulatory, antitumour and anti‐infection activity. Here we investigate how low levels of circulating IL12, comparable to levels found during chronic inflammation, affect coagulation parameters, platelets and RBCs. We used thromboelastography, scanning electron microscopy, refractometery and wide‐field microscopy. Our results show that IL12 caused hypercoagulation, platelet activation and spreading, as well as RBC agglutination. This phenomenon has far‐reaching implications for treatment of the plethora of conditions where IL12 is upregulated, since it suggests aberrant haemorheology as agglutination affects blood flow. This information might be used in future to target the lowering of IL12 in inflammatory conditions, as well as address RBC agglutination.
Awareness of Aboriginal peoples in Newfoundland and Labrador: Memorial's first‐year students (2013) speak
Authors: Godlewska Anne , Schaefli Laura , Massey Jennifer , Freake Sheila , Rose John 
Published: November 2017

Key Messages

When invited to identify what they know about Aboriginal people, Memorial students reveal racism and stereotypes, and cannot describe the specificity and diversity of Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
Those able to perform best on our test tend to be less prejudiced.
Although the students perform badly on our test, most consider it a good measure of their knowledge.
Incorporating self‐determination into substance abuse prevention programming for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood
Authors: Salazar Amy M. , Noell Bailey , Cole Janice J. , Haggerty Kevin P. , Roe Stephanie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractYouth transitioning from foster care to adulthood are at higher risk for alcohol and substance abuse disorders than general population youth. At the same time, these youths are often recipients of strong clinical intervention, often at levels considered unnecessary, for other mental health or behavioural challenges. Because of this, there is sometimes resistance from providers to offer services such as substance abuse prevention programming as it may be seen as contributing to youths' overclinicalization, stigmatization, or retraumatization. Using thematic content analysis, this qualitative study analysed focus groups with community stakeholders providing recommendations on support services for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood to derive strategies for delivering substance abuse prevention programming in a way that enhances youth self‐determination. Findings were organized by self‐determination theory's 3 key psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. All three needs were represented in stakeholder recommendations, which were translated into strategies for bolstering youths' achievement of each need. Strategies include a mix of those already present in motivational interviewing‐based brief substance abuse prevention interventions as well as more unique strategies that are much less frequently employed but that may better meet the needs of youth with foster care experience.
Equity of Access to Cultural Heritage: Museum Experience as a Facilitator of Learning and Socialization in Children with Autism
Authors: Deng Liya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article discusses a study focused on investigating the effects of an art museum cultural experience on learning and behaviors of visitors with special needs. The participants, selected by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, were 10 families with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The author examined how the museum environment, with its opportunities for free‐choice, object‐based, and inquiry‐based learning, helped facilitate their educational and social needs. To record changes in the subjects' content knowledge and behavior, the author employed a mixed‐methods design, including the standardized Social Responsiveness Scale, parent surveys, behavioral observations, task evaluations, and parent interviews. The findings demonstrate that participation in a tailored educational museum program positively influences cognitive and social behaviors of children living with autism, thereby contributing to their overall well‐being. The paper also discusses implications for other museums nationwide working to establish quality access programs with long‐term benefits for special needs communities.
The World of Enlightenment: Constructing a Sense of Ritual Scene
Authors: Yang Pao‐Yi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs one of the semi‐permanent exhibitions of the Wereldmuseum (World Museum) in Rotterdam, the subject of “The World of Enlightenment” is to show the “teachings” of Japanese esoteric Buddhism. It is distinguishable from those religious exhibitions whose focus lies in introducing the religious materials based on an art‐historical perspective or the classification of a defined style and historical period, as its scope sought to show the audience how the Japanese “secret teaching” is experienced “in practice,” namely, in the ritual context. In order to engage museum audiences in the spirituality of Japanese esoteric Buddhist presented in this exhibition, the curator and museum staffs construct five temple‐like structures to group the religious objects and highlight their usage in Japanese esoteric ritual. This exhibition review intends to present the special strategy that “The World of Enlightenment” employs to construct a sense of ritual scene to its audiences: certain installations are placed both inside and outside of the five temple‐like structures to refer to the “metaphorical presence” of both the Japanese esoteric priest and worshiper, in so doing to make these “imagined” temple setups more “lifelike.”
Powerful Chief Executive Officers and Firm Performance: Integrating Agency and Stewardship Theory
Authors: Qiao Penghua , Fung Anna , Miao Jianchun , Fung Hung‐Gay 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDo agency and stewardship behaviors coexist at firms, or does one dominate the other? We use data from listed companies in China over the period 2007–2016 to show that powerful chief executive officers (CEOs) simultaneously incur self‐interested agency costs while acting as stewards to benefit the firm. In balancing the push‐and‐pull forces of stewardship and agency behaviors, powerful CEOs in Chinese firms ultimately improve short‐term and long‐term firm performance. Our results have important implications for understanding how CEOs affect firms and how cultural factors can motivate CEOs to work in the interest of the firm.
Eco‐energetic consequences of evolutionary shifts in body size
Authors: Malerba Martino E. , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSize imposes physiological and ecological constraints upon all organisms. Theory abounds on how energy flux covaries with body size, yet causal links are often elusive. As a more direct way to assess the role of size, we used artificial selection to evolve the phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta towards smaller and larger body sizes. Within 100 generations (c. 1 year), we generated a fourfold difference in cell volume among selected lineages. Large‐selected populations produced four times the energy than small‐selected populations of equivalent total biovolume, but at the cost of much higher volume‐specific respiration. These differences in energy utilisation between large (more productive) and small (more energy‐efficient) individuals were used to successfully predict ecological performance (r and K) across novel resource regimes. We show that body size determines the performance of a species by mediating its net energy flux, with worrying implications for current trends in size reduction and for global carbon cycles.
Examining Estimates of Intervention Effectiveness Using Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: An Chen , Braun Henry , Walsh Mary E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMaking causal inferences from a quasi‐experiment is difficult. Sensitivity analysis approaches to address hidden selection bias thus have gained popularity. This study serves as an introduction to a simple but practical form of sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation procedures. We examine estimated treatment effects for a school‐based support intervention designed to address student strengths and needs in academic and nonacademic areas by leveraging partnerships with community agencies. Middle school (Grades 6–8) statewide standardized test scores in mathematics and English language arts (ELA) were examined for students in a large urban district who participated in City Connects during elementary school. Results showed that the estimated treatment effects in both subjects were reduced slightly with the inclusion of U, a hypothesized unobserved binary variable. However, simulated effects fell within one‐sided 90% confidence intervals for original treatment effects, suggesting only a mild sensitivity to hidden bias. Moreover, almost identical estimated treatment effects were observed when the magnitude of the mathematical difference between each pair of the conditional probabilities of U given the treatment indicator Z was the same.
On‐the‐ground application of the ‘temporary recommendation for use’ regulatory measure on off‐label use of baclofen for alcohol dependence in France: a regional survey of community pharmacies
Authors: Auffret Marine , Rolland Benjamin , Caous Anne‐Sylvie , Gaboriau Louise , Deheul Sylvie , Bordet Régis , Gautier Sophie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ‘temporary recommendation for use’ (TRU) is a French novel regulatory measure for off‐label drug. The first TRU to be issued by the French drug agency (in March 2014) pertained to the off‐label use of baclofen for alcohol dependence (AD). We performed a questionnaire‐based survey of the on‐the‐ground application of the baclofen TRU among community pharmacies in northern France. A pharmacist from 70 of the 219 pharmacies contacted (response rate: 32.0%) completed the questionnaire. The mean ± standard deviation number of off‐label baclofen prescriptions for AD was 2.3 ± 2.2 per pharmacy per month. 65.2% of these prescriptions were issued by primary care physicians. 65.7% of the pharmacists had never seen ‘TRU’ written on the prescription, and 80.3% delivered a prescription without checking whether the patient had been included by the prescriber in the TRU. The main criterion used to identify off‐label prescribing was the patient's medical history (according to 74.6% of pharmacists) and the prescription of an above‐threshold dose (73.1%). 87.1% of the pharmacists were aware of the baclofen TRU, and 42.9% had actually read the document. 17.9% of the pharmacists estimated that the TRU had changed their attitude to off‐label baclofen prescription, and 29.9% (20 out of 67) of them wanted to be more involved in the TRU process. Community pharmacists were well informed about the off‐label use of baclofen for AD and the TRU. However, a majority of baclofen prescribers did not fulfill the TRU requirements while a majority of pharmacists did not exert any control over these off‐label prescriptions. In practice, in 2015 the TRU measure had thus a limited impact on both the baclofen prescribing and delivery practices.
Using regional scale flow–ecology modeling to identify catchments where fish assemblages are most vulnerable to changes in water availability
Authors: Hain Ernie F. , Kennen Jonathan G. , Caldwell Peter V. , Nelson Stacy A.C. , Sun Ge , McNulty Steven G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Streamflow is essential for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and for supporting human water supply needs. Changes in climate, land use and water use practices may alter water availability. Understanding the potential effect of these changes on aquatic ecosystems is critical for long‐term water management to maintain a balance between water for human consumption and ecosystem needs.

Fish species data and streamflow estimates from a rainfall‐runoff and flow routing model were used to develop boosted regression tree models to predict the relationship between streamflow and fish species richness (FSR) under plausible scenarios of (1) water withdrawal, (2) climate change and (3) increases in impervious surfaces in the Piedmont ecoregion of North Carolina, U.S.A. Maximum monthly flow, the fraction of total flow originating from impervious surface runoff, coefficient of monthly streamflow variability, and the specific river basin accounted for 50% of the variability in FSR. This model was used to predict FSR values for all twelve‐digit Hydrological Unit Code catchments (HUC‐12s) in the North Carolina Piedmont under current flow conditions and under water withdrawal, climate change and impervious surface scenarios.

Flow–ecology modeling results indicate that predicted FSR declined significantly with increased water withdrawals. However, the magnitude of decline varied geographically. A “hot‐spot” analysis was conducted based on predicted changes in FSR under each scenario to understand which HUC‐12s were most likely to be affected by changes in water withdrawals, climate and impervious surfaces. Under the 20% withdrawal increase scenario, 413 of 886 (47%) HUC‐12s in the study area were predicted to lose one or more species. HUC‐12s in the Broad, Catawba, Yadkin and Cape Fear river basins were most susceptible to species loss.

These findings may help decision making efforts by identifying catchments most vulnerable to changing water availability. Additionally, FSR‐discharge modeling results can assist resource agencies, water managers and stakeholders in assessing the effect of water withdrawals in catchments to better support the protection and long‐term conservation of species.