bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaolin‐activated thromboelastography and standard coagulation assays in cyanotic and acyanotic infants undergoing complex cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rizza Alessandra , Ricci Zaccaria , Pezzella Chiara , Favia Isabella , Di Felice Giovina , Ranucci Marco , Cogo Paola 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackground and AimsSeveral studies report the use of thromboelatography (TEG) to monitor coagulation in pediatric cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare baseline and intraoperative TEG, TEG‐functional fibrinogen, and standard coagulation assays in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of 63 children aged <24 months undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Exclusion criteria included preoperative anticoagulant therapy and hepatic failure.We collected blood at anesthesia induction (T1), at lowest temperature after CPB start (T2), and after heparin neutralization (T3). Coagulation was evaluated by TEG (reaction time [R]), k, alpha‐angle, maximum amplitude (MA), MA‐fibrinogen (MA‐fib), and by standard coagulation assays (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, platelet [PLT] count).ResultsSixty‐three patients were enrolled (38 cyanotic and 25 acyanotic). Median age was 4 [IQR 2–6] months and median weight was 5 [IQR 3.7–6.5] kg. Most common surgeries were: ventricular septal defect repair (n = 13), Fallot correction (n = 11), and arterial switch operation (n = 10). Cyanotic and acyanotic children were well matched: R, k, MA, and MA‐fib at T1, T2, and T3 were not significantly different between cyanotic and acyanotic children. At T2, significant correlations were showed between MA and PLT count (r = 0.4; P = 0.0008) and k and plasma fibrinogen level (r = −0.54; P < 0.0001). At T3, significant correlations were showed between MA and PLT count (r = 0.5; P < 0.0001), G and PLT count (r = 0.6; P < 0.0001), and MA‐fib and plasma fibrinogen level (r = 0.5; P = 0.002).ConclusionsAccording to our findings, cyanosis does not affect TEG parameters in children with CHD. PLT count and plasma fibrinogen significantly correlated (are significantly associated) with MA and MA‐fib respectively, suggesting that use of TEG after protamine administration may be prompted for improved hemostatic monitoring in the perioperative phase.
Are Fictional Characters and Literary Works Ontologically on a Par?
Authors: Motoarcă Ioan‐Radu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article is a reaction to the following argument that has been offered in favor of abstract realism about fictional characters: fictional characters do not impose any extra ontological cost on our ontology, because they belong to the same ontological kind as literary works, which we already accept. I address arguments that have been adduced by Jeffrey Goodman in defense of this argument, and I show that there is no relevant parallelism between fictional entities and literary works that the abstract fictional realist can use to bolster her theory.
Intellectual outcomes of extremely preterm infants at school age
Authors: Asami Maya , Kamei Atsushi , Nakakarumai Misato , Shirasawa Satoko , Akasaka Manami , Araya Nami , Tanifuji Sachiko , Chida Shoichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe survival rate of extremely preterm (EP) infants (<28 weeks of gestation) has improved dramatically, and there is great interest in the long‐term prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of prenatal and postnatal care on long‐term intellectual outcome in EP infants.MethodsSubjects were EP infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from 1982 to 2005. The survival rate and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 years of age were analyzed for the periods 1982–1991 (period 1) and 1992–2005 (period 2). Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine risk factors for intellectual impairment.ResultsSurvival rate improved significantly from 84.5% (period 1) to 92.4% (period 2; P = 0.007). Follow‐up data were obtained from 92 children in period 1 (69.7% of survivors) and from 245 in period 2 (72.3% of survivors). The incidence of intellectual impairment increased from 16.3% (period 1) to 31.0% (period 2). Significant factors associated with intellectual impairment were period 2 (OR, 3.53; P = 0.007), supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks’ corrected age (OR, 2.22; P = 0.012), number of days in the hospital (OR, 1.01; P = 0.012), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; OR, 3.05; P = 0.024), and later tube‐feeding commencement date (OR, 1.10; P = 0.032).ConclusionsDespite an increase in survival rate, the rate of intellectual impairment increased in period 2. According to risk factor analysis, reducing the incidence of chronic lung disease and/or apnea, IVH, and nutritional deprivation is a key factor in improving the intellectual outcomes of EP infants.
Risks and treatment strategies for de novo hepatitis B virus infection from anti‐HBc‐positive donors in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Dong Chong , Gao Wei , Ma Nan , Sun Chao , Zheng Wei‐Ping , Wang Kai , Shen Zhong‐Yang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and risk factors of de novo HBV infection in pediatric patients receiving living donor liver transplants (LDLT) from HBcAb‐positive donors, and to explore its treatment strategies. The data of 101 pediatric recipients receiving LDLT in Tianjin First Central Hospital between September 2006 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The HBV markers were regularly tested before and after the surgery, including HBsAb, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb. The median follow‐up period was 25.6 months, during which eight cases (7.92%) were diagnosed with de novo HBV infection. Forty‐four (43.6%) of the children received HBcAb‐positive allografts. The rate of de novo HBV in the children that received HBcAb+ livers vs those received HBcAb− livers was 15.9% (7/44) vs 1.7% (1/57) (P=.037). The rates of de novo HBV in the children who received HBcAb‐positive allografts were significantly less than in those that received preventative therapy with HBIG and lamivudine treatment (2/31, 6.4%) vs those that did not (5/13, 38.5%) (P<.01). HBcAb‐positive liver donors are strongly associated with de novo HBV in HBsAg‐negative pediatric patients receiving LDLT. However, the incidence of de novo HBV infection is significantly less with the use of prophylactic treatment strategies.
Metabolomic analyses of the haemolymph of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of huanglongbing
Authors: Killiny Nabil , Hijaz Faraj , El‐Shesheny Ibrahim , Alfaress Serine , Jones Shelley E. , Rogers Michael E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is currently threatening the citrus industry by transmitting the causative agent Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) of huanglongbing. Multiplication of CLas in haemolymph of D. citri indicates that it contains the necessary nutrients for CLas. Although many studies examine D. citri, the haemolymph composition of this dangerous pest remains to be investigated. In the present study, the haemolymph of D. citri is collected using a nanolitre syringe after the removal of one of its forelegs. The haemolymph is either derivatized with methyl chloroformate (MCF) or trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatizing reagent and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Nineteen amino acids, two organic acids and seven fatty acids are detected in the haemolymph after MCF derivatization. More metabolites are detected after TMS derivatization. Sugars are the most abundant metabolites in the haemolymph. Glucose and fructose are the main monosaccharides. Trehalose and sucrose are the major disaccharides. Furthermore, three inositol isomers (myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol and chiro‐inositol) are detected in the haemolymph. Organic acids are found in low amounts, whereas phosphoric acid is found at a higher concentration. Twenty‐four nucleotides and sugar nucleotides, including ATP, ADP and AMP, are detected using high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography. Adenine nucleotides are the most abundant nucleotides followed by uridine and guanosine. The adenylate energy charge for the haemolymph is 0.77. Our results show that many metabolites found in the citrus phloem sap are also found in the haemolymph of D. citri.
The Anthocyanins, Oenin and Callistephin, Protect RPE Cells Against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yacout Sally M. , Gaillard Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly metabolic layer of postmitotic cells lining Bruch's membrane in the retina. While these cells contain endogenous photosensitizers that mediate blue light‐induced damage, it has also been shown that blue light exposure damages mitochondrial DNA in RPE cells resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and unregulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As RPE cells are postmitotic, it is imperative to decrease oxidative stress to these cells and preserve function. Dietary plant‐derived antioxidants such as anthocyanins offer a simple and accessible solution for decreasing oxidative stress. The anthocyanins malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (oenin) and pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (callistephin) were tested for their ability and efficacy in decreasing ROS generation and preserving mitochondrial redox activity in blue light‐irradiated ARPE‐19 cells. A significant decrease in intracellular ROS with concurrent increase in mitochondrial redox activity was observed for tested concentrations of oenin, while callistephin was beneficial to stressed cells at higher concentrations. These findings suggest anthocyanins are effective antioxidants in blue light‐stressed RPE cells in vitro. Additionally, oxidation products of these anthocyanins were examined using LC/MS and findings suggest the possibility of multiple oxidation sites for these compounds.
Chemiluminescence of Cigarette Smoke: Salient Features of the Phenomenon
Authors: Fedorova Galina F. , Menshov Valery A. , Trofimov Aleksei V. , Tsaplev Yury B. , Vasil'ev Rostislav F. , Yablonskaya Olga I. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe study disclosed herein provides for the first time a detailed experimental support for the general mechanism of the cigarette‐smoke‐derived chemiluminescence, as an example par excellence of the excited‐state generation in a chemically complex aerosol medium. The mechanism involves chemiexcitation in a unimolecular transformation of the smoke‐borne free radical species. However, the concentration of these radicals, , obeys a bimolecular (second‐order) kinetics and depends on a particulate‐phase content (total particulate matter, TPM) of the cigarette smoke. The decrease in with increasing the TPM amount manifests radical‐scavenging propensity of the smoke particulate phase. Astonishingly, no energy transfer takes place from the primary excited light‐emitting species to luminophoric molecules abundant in the smoke. The reported results build up fundamentals of a facile chemiluminescence assay for free radical properties of the smoke. The experimental approaches developed for this study are of general scope and may be used for mechanistic elucidation of the excited‐state generation in chemical systems and environments of an arbitrary complexity.
Subcellular Targeting as a Determinant of the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kessel David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn prior studies, we have identified the ability of low‐level lysosomal photodamage to potentiate the phototoxic effect of subsequent photodamage to mitochondria. The mechanism involves calpain‐mediated cleavage of the autophagy‐associated protein ATG5 to form a proapoptotic fragment (tATG5). In this report, we explore the permissible time lag between the two targeting procedures along with the effect of simultaneously targeting both lysosomes and mitochondria. This was found to be as effective as the sequential protocol with no gap between the irradiation steps. Inhibition of calpain reversed the enhanced efficacy of the “simultaneous” protocol. It appears that even a minor level of lysosomal photodamage can have a significant effect on the efficacy of subsequent mitochondrial photodamage. We propose that these results may explain the efficacy of Photofrin, a photosensitizing product that also targets both lysosomes and mitochondria for photodamage.
Antisperm antibodies in repeat‐breeding cows: Frequency, detection and validation of threshold levels employing sperm immobilization, sperm agglutination and immunoperoxidase assay
Authors: Srivastava SK , Shinde S , Singh SK , Mehrotra S , Verma MR , Singh AK , Nandi S , Srivastava N , Singh SK , Goswami TK , Bhure SK , Kumar H , Ghosh SK 
Published: December 2016

ContentsAntisperm antibodies have been found in repeat‐breeding(RB) cows, and those causing agglutination and/or immobilization of sperm are considered to be closely related to unexplained infertility. However, a standard protocol for identifying antisperm antibodies (ASA) in cattle is not validated. Therefore, an investigation was undertaken to evaluate sperm immobilization (SIT), sperm agglutination (SAT) and immunoperoxidase (IPT)assays for detection of ASA in serum and their respective threshold levels for confirmation. Animals (heifers, normally breeding, repeat‐breeding and pregnant animals) that were free from IBR, brucellosis and uterine infections (screened by clinical examination) were included in the study. Sperm agglutinating, sperm immobilizing and antisperm antibodies evaluated by respective assay were significantly higher (p < .05) in RB cows compared to other groups. The SIT assay was able to identify 61% of RB caused by ASA, more than those employing SAT and IPT. Furthermore, a dilution rate of 1:5 and 1:80 (confirms 59.0 and 57.0% RB+ve)were sufficient to diagnose ASA by SAT and IPT, respectively. Results indicate the presence of __12.6% clumped spermatozoa and __ 2.6%(cut‐off value) peroxidase‐positive spermatozoa at 1:5 and 1:80 dilutions diagnosed with SAT and IPT, respectively, may be considered as repeaters arising out of ASA. Furthermore, study also showed the presence of lower incidence of ASA positivity in other groups of animals (heifer<normal breeder<pregnant animals) compared to repeaters. Study results show that although IPT is more specific and accurate but SAT and SIT are comparatively simple and cost‐effective assays suitable for detecting ASA under field conditions and thus can be recommended for screening of repeaters.
Resilience of Cyber Systems with Over‐ and Underregulation
Authors: Gisladottir Viktoria , Ganin Alexander A. , Keisler Jeffrey M. , Kepner Jeremy , Linkov Igor 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent cyber attacks provide evidence of increased threats to our critical systems and infrastructure. A common reaction to a new threat is to harden the system by adding new rules and regulations. As federal and state governments request new procedures to follow, each of their organizations implements their own cyber defense strategies. This unintentionally increases time and effort that employees spend on training and policy implementation and decreases the time and latitude to perform critical job functions, thus raising overall levels of stress. People's performance under stress, coupled with an overabundance of information, results in even more vulnerabilities for adversaries to exploit. In this article, we embed a simple regulatory model that accounts for cybersecurity human factors and an organization's regulatory environment in a model of a corporate cyber network under attack. The resulting model demonstrates the effect of under‐ and overregulation on an organization's resilience with respect to insider threats. Currently, there is a tendency to usead‐hocapproaches to account for human factors rather than to incorporate them into cyber resilience modeling. It is clear that using a systematic approach utilizing behavioral science, which already exists in cyber resilience assessment, would provide a more holistic view for decisionmakers.
Comparison of established and novel methods for the detection and enumeration of microparticles in canine stored erythrocyte concentrates for transfusion
Authors: McEntire Meredeth C. , Wardrop K. Jane , Davis William C. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMicroparticles (MP) are submicron, phosphatidylserine (PS)‐bearing lipid vesicles with physiologic and pathologic roles in coagulation and inflammation. Microparticles accumulate in packed RBC (pRBC) stored for transfusion, potentially increasing recipient morbidity. Historically, canine MP have been detected with the PS label annexin V in supernatant samples. Other detection methods are available but have not been evaluated in dogs.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to detect and enumerate MP in canine pRBC using annexin V, lactadherin, and bio‐maleimide to compare label performance and assess microparticle accumulation under standard storage conditions.MethodsMicroparticles (0.5–1.0 μm) in canine dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 positive, nonleukoreduced pRBC were labeled with FITC‐annexin V, FITC‐lactadherin, and the fluorescent dye bio‐maleimide, and were counted using flow cytometry at 3 time points (days 7, 21, and 35) of storage. Unprocessed pRBC, rather than supernatant, were used.ResultsAnnexin V and bio‐maleimide labeling produced comparable microparticle counts (P = .16), while lactadherin labeling resulted in higher microparticle counts than annexin V (P = .002) and bio‐maleimide (P = .006), particularly on day 7. Bio‐maleimide‐ and annexin V‐based microparticle counts increased significantly from day 7 to 35 (P = .04), and increases from day 21 to 35 approached statistical significance (P = .05).ConclusionsBio‐maleimide‐ and annexin V‐mediated microparticle counts were comparable in unprocessed canine pRBC using flow cytometry. Whether the increased microparticle counts with lactadherin were due to increased sensitivity for small, PS‐bearing MP or due to labeling of membrane fragments and debris requires further investigation.
Detection of DNA sequences from a novel papillomavirus in a feline basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Munday John S. , French Adrienne , Thomson Neroli 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundBasal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are uncommon feline skin neoplasms of uncertain cause.CaseA 14‐year‐old Abyssinian cat developed a soft dermal nodule on the dorsal thorax. This mass grew slowly over a six month period before being surgically excised.Methods and resultsHistology revealed a BCC. Additionally, changes suggestive of an early Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC) were present in the overlying epidermis. Both the BCC and the BISC contained papillomavirus‐induced cell changes and prominent basophilic intracytoplasmic bodies. PCR using consensus primers and primers specific for Felis catus papillomavirus types 2 and 3 (FcaPV‐2 and ‐3) was used to amplify papillomaviral DNA. The same papillomaviral DNA sequence was present in the BCC and the BISC. This sequence was most similar to FcaPV‐3, but with just 70.5% similarity, was from a novel papillomavirus type. No recurrence or further masses developed.ConclusionsThis case is unusual due to the presence of a large dermal BCC associated with minimal BISC changes in the overlying epidermis. Additionally, papillomavirus‐induced cell changes have not been described previously in a BCC. Furthermore, both the BCC and the BISC contained sequences from a novel papillomavirus type. These observations suggest that the development of some BCCs could be influenced by papillomavirus infection. The novel papillomavirus type detected is the third papillomavirus type to be associated with skin cancer in cats.
The use of non-invasive thermometers in healthcare facilities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mordiffi Siti Zubaidah , Peters Micah D.J. , Ang Emily N.K. 
Published: December 2016

Review objective and questions:
The objective of the review is to map the available evidence to provide an overview of the use of non-invasive thermometers in the general context of health care. The specific questions, in regards to the available international published and unpublished literature, are:What types of non-invasive thermometers have been used?What manufacturers/brand of thermometers have been used?What routes have been used for the thermometers?What thermometers have been used as reference thermometers?What measures of accuracy have been reported in studies comparing different thermometers and routes of temperature measurement?How have included studies reported on comparisons of different thermometers in terms of frequency of thermometer readings, time that temperature is measured and factors affecting accuracy?
Parents’ and families’ experiences of palliative and end-of-life neonatal care in neonatal settings: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Foster Jann , Kain Victoria , Patterson Tiffany 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The overall objective of this systematic review is to identify, critically appraise and synthesize the parents' and families' experiences of palliative and end-of-life neonatal care at facilities/services globally. The specific review question is: what are parents’ and families’ experiences of palliative and end-of-life neonatal care?
Relationship between birth weight or fetal growth rate and postnatal allergy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wooldridge Amy L. , McMillan Mark , Marshall Helen S. , Gatford Kathryn L. 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the relationship between size at birth or fetal growth and postnatal allergy. Specifically, this review aims to assess evidence regarding relationships between absolute birth weight at term, birth weight corrected for gestational age, expressed as relative to population or customized growth data, or fetal growth measures and physician-diagnosed or parent- and self-reported postnatal clinical allergic disease (eczema/atopic dermatitis, hay fever/rhinitis, allergic asthma or anaphylaxis).
The specific review question is: what is the association between the absolute birth weight at full-term or birth weight relative to population or customized data and corrected for gestational age or direct measures of fetal growth, and physician-diagnosed or parent- and self-reported clinical allergic disease (eczema/atopic dermatitis, hay fever/rhinitis, allergic asthma or anaphylaxis)?