bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suzaku Wide-band All-sky Monitor (WAM) observations of GRBs and SGRs
Authors: Yamaoka Kazutaka , Ohno Masanori , Tashiro Makoto S. , Hurley Kevin , Krimm Hans A. , Lien Amy Y. , Ohmori Norisuke , Sugita Satoshi , Urata Yuji , Yasuda Tetsuya , Enomoto Junichi , Fujinuma Takeshi , Fukazawa Yasushi , Hanabata Yoshitaka , Iwakiri Wataru , Kawano Takafumi , Kinoshita Ryuuji , Kokubun Motohide , Makishima Kazuo , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Nagayoshi Tsutomu , Nakagawa Yujin , Nakaya Souhei , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Nishioka Yusuke , Sakamoto Takanori , Takahashi Tadayuki , Takeda Sawako , Terada Yukikatsu , Yabe Seiya , Yamauchi Makoto , Yoshida Hiraku 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We will review results for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and soft gamma repeaters (SGRs), obtained from the Suzaku Wide-band All-sky Monitor (WAM) which operated for about 10 years from 2005 to 2015. The WAM is a BGO (bismuth germanate: Bi4Ge3O12) lateral shield for the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD), used mainly for rejecting its detector background, but it also works as an all-sky monitor for soft gamma-ray transients in the 50–5000 keV range thanks to its large effective area (∼600 cm2 at 1 MeV for one detector) and wide field of view (about half of the entire sky). The WAM actually detected more than 1400 GRBs and 300 bursts from SGRs, and this detection number is comparable to that of other GRB-specific instruments. Based on the 10 years of operation, we describe timing and spectral performance for short GRBs, weak GRBs with high redshifts, and time-resolved pulses with good statistics.
Importing and Firm Productivity in Ethiopian Manufacturing
Authors: Abreha Kaleb Girma 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the causal relationship between importing and firm productivity. Using a rich dataset from Ethiopian manufacturing over the period 1996–2011, I find that most firms rely on production inputs from the world market. These firms are better performing as shown by significant, economically large import premia. I also find strong evidence of self-selection of more productive firms into importing which is indicative of sizable import market entry costs. To examine the causal effect of importing on firm productivity, I use a model in which the static and dynamic effects of importing are separately estimated. The estimation results provide support to learning-by-importing. However, the productivity gains are small in size compared to similar findings in other studies. I provide some evidence in support of firms’ limited absorptive capacity in explaining the small productivity gains.
Happy Despite Pain
Authors: Peters Madelon L. , Smeets Elke , Feijge Marion , van Breukelen Gerard , Andersson Gerhard , Buhrman Monica , Linton Steven J. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
There is preliminary evidence for the efficacy of positive psychology interventions for pain management. The current study examined the effects of an internet-based positive psychology self-help program for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and compared it with an internet-based cognitive-behavioral program.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 3 conditions: an internet-delivered positive psychology program, an internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral program and waitlist control. A total of 276 patients were randomized to 1 of the 3 conditions and posttreatment data were obtained from 206 patients. Primary outcomes were happiness, depression, and physical impairments at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses were carried out using mixed regression analyses.

Results:
Both treatments led to significant increases in happiness and decreases in depression. Physical impairments did not significantly decrease compared with waitlist. Improvements in happiness and depression were maintained until 6-month follow-up. There were no overall differences in the efficacy of the 2 active interventions but effects seemed to be moderated by education. Patients with a higher level of education profited slightly more from the positive psychology intervention than from the cognitive-behavioral program.

Discussion:
The results suggest that an internet-based positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral self-help interventions for the management of chronic pain are clinically useful. Because the self-help exercises as used in the current program do not require therapist involvement, dissemination potential is large. Further studies should examine whether it can best be used as stand-alone or add-on treatment combined with established pain treatment programs.
Automatic Localization of Cochlear Implant Electrode Contacts in CT
Authors: Bennink Edwin , Peters Jeroen P.M. , Wendrich Anne W. , Vonken Evert-jan , van Zanten Gijsbert A. , Viergever Max A. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
Determining the exact location of cochlear implant (CI) electrode contacts after implantation is important, as it helps quantifying the relation between CI positioning and hearing outcome. Unfortunately, localization of individual contacts can be difficult, because the spacing between the electrode contacts is near the spatial resolution limit of high-resolution clinical computed tomography (CT) scanners. This study introduces and examines a simple, automatic method for the localization of intracochlear electrode contacts. CI geometric specifications may provide the prior knowledge that is essential to accurately estimate contact positions, even though individual contacts may not be visibly resolved.

Design:
The prior knowledge in CI geometry is used to accurately estimate intracochlear electrode contact positions in high-resolution CT scans of seven adult patients implanted with a CI (Cochlear Ltd.). The automatically detected electrode contact locations were verified against locations marked by two experienced observers. The interobserver errors and the errors between the averaged locations and the automatically detected locations were calculated. The estimated contact positions were transformed to a cylindrical cochlear coordinate system, according to an international consensus, in which the insertion angles and the radius and elevation were measured.

Results:
The linear correlation of the automatically detected electrode contact positions with the manually detected locations was high (R
2 = 0.98 for the radius, and R
2 = 1.00 for the insertion angle). The errors in radius and in insertion angle between the automatically detected locations and the manually detected locations were 0.12 mm and 1.7°. These errors were comparable to the interobserver errors. Geometrical measurements were in line with what is usually found in human cochleae. The mean insertion angle of the most apical electrode was 410° (range: 316° to 503°). The mean radius of the electrode contacts in the first turn of the cochlear spiral was 3.0 mm, and the mean radius of the remainder in the second turn was 1.7 mm.

Conclusions:
With implant geometry as prior knowledge, automatic analysis of high-resolution CT scans enables accurate localization of CI electrode contacts. The output of this method can be used to study the effect of CI positioning on hearing outcomes in more detail.
Skeletal assessment with finite element analysis: relevance, pitfalls and interpretation
Authors: Campbell Graeme Michael , Glüer Claus-C. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
Finite element models simulate the mechanical response of bone under load, enabling noninvasive assessment of strength. Models generated from quantitative computed tomography (QCT) incorporate the geometry and spatial distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) to simulate physiological and traumatic loads as well as orthopaedic implant behaviour. The present review discusses the current strengths and weakness of finite element models for application to skeletal biomechanics.

Recent findings
In cadaver studies, finite element models provide better estimations of strength compared to BMD. Data from clinical studies are encouraging; however, the superiority of finite element models over BMD measures for fracture prediction has not been shown conclusively, and may be sex and site dependent. Therapeutic effects on bone strength are larger than for BMD; however, model validation has only been performed on untreated bone. High-resolution modalities and novel image processing methods may enhance the structural representation and predictive ability. Despite extensive use of finite element models to study orthopaedic implant stability, accurate simulation of the bone-implant interface and fracture progression remains a significant challenge.

Summary
Skeletal finite element models provide noninvasive assessments of strength and implant stability. Improved structural representation and implant surface interaction may enable more accurate models of fragility in the future.
Treatment of Post-Traumatic Femoral Discrepancy With PRECICE Magnetic-Powered Intramedullary Lengthening Nails
Authors: Hammouda Ahmed I. , Jauregui Julio J. , Gesheff Martin G. , Standard Shawn C. , Conway Janet D. , Herzenberg John E. 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the outcomes of lengthening post-traumatic femoral segments using a recently available magnetic intramedullary (IM) lengthening system.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Urban level II Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
Patients treated for post-traumatic femoral shortening at our institution between 2012 and 2015. We identified 17 femurs lengthened (14 men and 3 women). The mean age was 30 years (range, 11–72 years).

Intervention:
Magnetic IM lengthening system.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Amount of lengthening achieved, consolidation index, and complications encountered.

Results:
The mean follow-up was 2.2 years (range, 1–3.7 years). Sixteen patients achieved the planned lengthening, a mean of 3.8 cm (range, 2.3–6.0 cm). Regenerate consolidation occurred at a mean of 119 days (range, 57–209 days). The mean consolidation index was 32 d/cm (range, 16–51 d/cm). Three patients (18%) experienced complications.

Conclusion:
IM lengthening nails are an improvement over external fixators for treatment of post-traumatic femoral shortening. Within certain limits, their use can be extended to problems of limb-length discrepancy with angular/rotational deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of multidisciplinary teams for management of intestinal failure in children
Authors: Belza Christina , Wales Paul W. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of reviewTo review the recent literature related to the impact of an intestinal rehabilitation program (IRP) on the management of intestinal failure in children.Recent findingsAs publication of a systematic review of pediatric IRPs in 2013, there have been four publications further describing the impact of IRPs in children with intestinal failure. The results continue to support an improvement in survival and enteral autonomy, and a decrease in complications related to liver dysfunction, central venous catheters, and transplantation.SummaryPediatric IRPs offer significant advantage to outcomes of children with intestinal failure. The literature is difficult to interpret because of methodological limitations. IRP collaboration is necessary to further advance the field.
Modelling nonlinear electrohydrodynamic surface waves over three-dimensional conducting fluids
Authors: Wang Zhan 
Published: April 2017

The evolution of the free surface of a three-dimensional conducting fluid in the presence of gravity, surface tension and vertical electric field due to parallel electrodes, is considered. Based on the analysis of the Dirichlet–Neumann operators, a series of fully nonlinear models is derived systematically from the Euler equations in the Hamiltonian framework without assumptions on competing length scales can therefore be applied to systems of arbitrary fluid depth and to disturbances with arbitrary wavelength. For special cases, well-known weakly nonlinear models in shallow and deep fluids can be generalized via introducing extra electric terms. It is shown that the electric field has a great impact on the physical system and can change the qualitative nature of the free surface: (i) when the separation distance between two electrodes is small compared with typical wavelength, the Boussinesq, Benney–Luke (BL) and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equations with modified coefficients are obtained, and electric forces can turn KP-I to KP-II and vice versa; (ii) as the parallel electrodes are of large separation distance but the thickness of the liquid is much smaller than typical wavelength, we generalize the BL and KP equations by adding pseudo-differential operators resulting from the electric field; (iii) for a quasi-monochromatic plane wave in deep fluid, we derive the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, but its type (focusing or defocusing) is strongly influenced by the value of the electric parameter. For sufficient surface tension, numerical studies reveal that lump-type solutions exist in the aforementioned three regimes. Particularly, even when the associated NLS equation is defocusing for a wave train, lumps can exist in fully nonlinear models.
Father Absence and Accelerated Reproductive Development
Authors: Gaydosh Lauren , Belsky Daniel W. , Domingue Benjamin W. , Boardman Jason D. , Harris Kathleen Mullan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEvidence shows that girls who experience father absence in childhood experience accelerated reproductive development in comparison to peers with present fathers. One hypothesis advanced to explain this empirical pattern is genetic confounding, wherein gene-environment correlation (rGE) causes a spurious relationship between father absence and reproductive timing. We test this hypothesis by constructing polygenic scores for age at menarche and first birth using recently available genome wide association study results and molecular genetic data on a sample of non-Hispanic white females from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Young women’s accelerated menarche polygenic scores were unrelated to their exposure to father absence. In contrast, earlier first-birth polygenic scores tended to be higher in young women raised in homes with absent fathers. Nevertheless, father absence and the polygenic scores independently and additively predict reproductive timing. We find limited evidence in support of the gene-environment correlation hypothesis.
Sex differences in the adult human brain: Evidence from 5,216 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ritchie Stuart J. , Cox Simon R. , Shen Xueyi , Lombardo Michael V. , Reus Lianne M. , Alloza Clara , Harris Mathew A. , Alderson Helen L. , Hunter Stuart , Neilson Emma , Liewald David C. M. , Auyeung Bonnie , Whalley Heather C. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Gale Catharine R. , Bastin Mark E. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Deary Ian J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSex differences in the human brain are of interest, for example because of sex differences in the observed prevalence of psychiatric disorders and in some psychological traits. We report the largest single-sample study of structural and functional sex differences in the human brain (2,750 female, 2,466 male participants; 44-77 years). Males had higher volumes, surface areas, and white matter fractional anisotropy; females had thicker cortices and higher white matter tract complexity. There was considerable distributional overlap between the sexes. Subregional differences were not fully attributable to differences in total volume or height. There was generally greater male variance across structural measures. Functional connectome organization showed stronger connectivity for males in unimodal sensorimotor cortices, and stronger connectivity for females in the default mode network. This large-scale study provides a foundation for attempts to understand the causes and consequences of sex differences in adult brain structure and function.
Reducing gravity takes the bounce out of running
Authors: Polet Delyle T. , Schroeder Ryan T. , Bertram John E. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn gravity below Earth normal, a person should be able to take higher leaps in running. We asked ten subjects to run on a treadmill in five levels of simulated reduced gravity and optically tracked center of mass kinematics. Subjects consistentlyreducedballistic height compared to running in normal gravity. We explain this trend by considering the vertical takeoff velocity (defined as maximum vertical velocity). Energetically optimal gaits should balance energetic costs of ground-contact collisions (favouring lower takeoff velocity), and step frequency penalties such as leg swing work (favouring higher takeoff velocity, but less so in reduced gravity). Measured vertical takeoff velocity scaled with the square root of gravitational acceleration, following energetic optimality predictions and explaining why ballistic height decreases in lower gravity. The success of work-based costs in predicting this behaviour challenges the notion that gait adaptation in reduced gravity results from an unloading of the stance phase. Only the relationship between takeoff velocity and swing cost changes in reduced gravity; the energetic cost of the down-to-up transition for a given vertical takeoff velocity does not change with gravity. Because lower gravity allows an elongated swing phase for a given takeoff velocity, the motor control system can relax the vertical momentum change in the stance phase, so reducing ballistic height, without great energetic penalty to leg swing work. While it may seem counterintuitive, using less “bouncy” gaits in reduced gravity is a strategy to reduce energetic costs, to which humans seem extremely sensitive.Summary StatementDuring running, humans take higher leaps in normal gravity than in reduced gravity, in order to optimally balance the competing costs of stance and leg-swing work.
Predicting Novel Metabolic Pathways through Subgraph Mining
Authors: Sankar Aravind , Ranu Sayan , Raman Karthik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe ability to predict pathways for biosynthesis of metabolites is very important in metabolic engineering. It is possible to mine the repertoire of biochemical transformations from reaction databases, and apply the knowledge to predict reactions to synthesize new molecules. However, this usually involves a careful understanding of the mechanism and the knowledge of the exact bonds being created and broken. There is clearly a need for a method to rapidly predict reactions for synthesizing new molecules, which relies only on the structures of the molecules, without demanding additional information such as thermodynamics or hand-curated information such as atom-atom mapping, which are often hard to obtain accurately.We here describe a robust method based on subgraph mining, to predict a series of biochemical transformations, which can convert between two (even previously unseen) molecules. We first describe a reliable method based on subgraph edit distance to map reactants and products, using only their chemical structures. Having mapped reactants and products, we identify the reaction centre and its neighbourhood, the reaction signature, and store this in a reaction rule network. This novel representation enables us to rapidly predict pathways, even between previously unseen molecules. We also propose a heuristic that predominantly recovers natural biosynthetic pathways from amongst hundreds of possible alternatives, through a directed search of the reaction rule network, enabling us to provide a reliable ranking of the different pathways. Our approach scales well, even to databases with > 100,000 reactions. A Java-based implementation of our algorithms is available athttps://github.com/RamanLab/ReactionMinerCCS CONCEPTS•Information systems →Data mining; •Applied computing →Bioinformatics;
Regulatory divergence in wound-responsive gene expression in domesticated and wild tomato
Authors: Liu Ming-Jung , Sugimoto Koichi , Uygun Sahra , Panchy Nicholas , Campbell Michael S. , Yandell Mark , Howe Gregg A. , Shiu Shin-Han 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe evolution ofcis-andtrans-regulatory components of transcription is central to how stress response and tolerance differ across species. However, it remains largely unknown how divergence in TF binding specificity andcis-regulatory sites contribute to the divergence of stress-responsive gene expression between wild and domesticated species.ResultsUsing tomato as model, we analyzed the transcriptional profile of wound-responsive genes in wildSolanum pennelliiand domesticatedS. lycopersicum. We found that extensive expression divergence of wound-responsive genes is associated with speciation. To assess the degree of trans-regulatory divergence between these two species, 342 and 267 putativecis-regulatory elements (pCREs) inS. lycopersicumandS. pennellii, respectively, were identified that were predictive of wound-induced gene expression. We found that 35-66% of pCREs were conserved across species, suggesting that the remaining proportion (34-65%) of pCREs are species specific. This finding indicates a substantially higher degree of trans-regulatory divergence between these two plant species, which diverged ∼3-7 million years ago, compared to that observed in mouse and human, which diverged ∼100 million years ago. In addition, differences in pCRE sites were significantly associated with differences in wound-responsive gene expression between wild and domesticated tomato orthologs, suggesting the presence of substantialcis-regulatory divergence.ConclusionsOur study provides new insights into the mechanistic basis of how the transcriptional response to wounding is regulated and, importantly, the contribution ofcis-andtrans-regulatory components to variation in wound-responsive gene expression during species domestication.
Independence between pre-mRNA splicing andde novoDNA methylation in an isogenic minigene resource
Authors: Nanan Kyster K. , Ocheltree Cody , Sturgill David , Mandler Mariana D. , Prigge Maria , Varma Garima , Oberdoerffer Shalini 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTActively transcribed genes adopt a unique chromatin environment with characteristic patterns of enrichment. Within gene bodies, H3K36me3 and cytosine DNA methylation are elevated at exons of spliced genes and have been implicated in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. H3K36me3 is further responsive to splicing, wherein splicing inhibition led to a redistribution and general reduction over gene bodies. In contrast, little is known of the mechanisms supporting elevated DNA methylation at actively spliced genic locations. Recent evidence associating thede novoDNA methyltransferase Dnmt3b with H3K36me3-rich chromatin raises the possibility that genic DNA methylation is influenced by splicing-associated H3K36me3. Here, we report the generation of an isogenic resource to test the direct impact of splicing on chromatin. A panel of minigenes of varying splicing potential were integrated into a single FRT site for inducible expression. Profiling of H3K36me3 confirmed the established relationship to splicing, wherein levels were directly correlated with splicing efficiency. In contrast, DNA methylation was equivalently detected across the minigene panel, irrespective of splicing and H3K36me3 status. In addition to revealing a degree of independence between genic H3K36me3 and DNA methylation, these findings highlight the generated minigene panel as a flexible platform for the query of splicing-dependent chromatin modifications.