bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework to categorise goals and assess goal attainment for transition care clients
Authors: Salih Salih A , Peel Nancye M , Marshall Wendy 
Published: December 2015

AimTo classify goals according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and to examine factors associated with goal attainment for transition care program (TCP) clients.MethodsRecorded goals at admission were rated at discharge as achieved, partially achieved or not achieved. Two researchers independently linked each statement to the most closely corresponding ICF categories.ResultsOf 268 TCP clients, 215 had 851 goal statements recorded. Of these, 794 (93%) statements were linked to 12 different ICF categories. A total of 515 (61.4%) were attained at discharge, 117 (14%) were partially attained and 207 (24.6%) were not attained. Multivariate analysis identified number of goals, TCP length of stay and high or very high case manager perception of goal attainment to be significant predictors for goal attainment.ConclusionsThe ICF framework can be used to identify and structure clients’ goals in transitional care. Goal attainment can be used to determine overall functional improvement.
Glaucoma drainage device surgery after vitreoretinal surgery: incidence and risk factors
Authors: de Vries Margriet M. , Müskens Rogier P. H. M. , Renardel de Lavalette Victor W. , Hooymans Johanna M. M. , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThe initial success of vitreoretinal surgery can be annihilated by an acceleration of preexisting glaucoma or the development of secondary glaucoma. Aim of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for medically uncontrollable glaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery.MethodsCase–control study amongst patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery at the University Medical Center Groningen between 1991 and 2011 (in total 14 942 interventions). Cases were all patients who received a glaucoma drainage device after vitreoretinal surgery. Controls were a subset of the patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery without a subsequent drainage device. Cases and controls were matched (three controls per case) with regard to the year of the (first) vitreoretinal intervention. The incidence rate was calculated from the number of cases and the number of person‐years corresponding to all vitreoretinal interventions performed in the study period. Risk factors were analysed with logistic regression.ResultsNinety‐five cases were identified after a follow‐up of 101 961 person‐years (one per 1000 person‐years). Cases were younger (p = 0.017), were more often men (p = 0.035), underwent more interventions (p < 0.001) or were treated with silicone oil (p = 0.021), had a higher intra‐ocular pressure 1 week after the intervention (p < 0.001) and had more often a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension (p < 0.001).ConclusionGlaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery that requires a glaucoma drainage device is not very common and patients who need a device differ from those who do not. This gives the opportunity to monitor certain subgroups more closely.
“Devil Tools & Tech”: A Synergy of Conservation Research and Management Practice
Authors: Hogg Carolyn J. , Grueber Catherine E. , Pemberton David , Fox Samantha , Lee Andrew V. , Ivy Jamie A. , Belov Katherine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiodiversity conservation continually presents new challenges, yet conservation resources are limited, and funding for applied conservation research projects more so. Recently, many have reported on the “research–implementation gap,” whereby conservation research findings are infrequently translated into conservation actions. In this perspective, we describe our experiences working in a large multi‐institutional, multi‐disciplinary team as we attempt to bridge the research–implementation gap by developing conservation tools needed to address the conservation challenges faced by Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii). We discuss our project's history, lessons learnt, outcomes, and future plans to provide insights that may help others develop multi‐institutional projects, designed to target rapid and direct implementation of conservation research into management action. Key to our success is the needs‐based prioritization of research measured against the management team's questions, recognition of the different needs of academia, industry and government, a collegiate approach, and willingness to embrace adaptive management. Challenges include developing a project which meets all strategic targets of different institutions, in addition to sourcing funds. Overall, our goal has been to establish an enduring research‐management framework, to facilitate improved integration of scientific research into the management needs of Tasmanian devil conservation, and serve as a template for other species management projects.
Prolonged air leakage in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: is proportion of emphysema important?
Authors: Sevinc Serpil , Kaya Seyda Ors , Akcam Tevfik Ilker , Ceylan Kenan Can , Ozturk Ozgur , Susam Seher 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionProlonged air leakage is the most common complication that can cause severe problems in cases of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). The purpose of this study was to explore whether Goddard Classification Score (GCS) can be a marker of prolonged air leakage, particularly during the post‐operative period, for patients with emphysema.MethodsFifty patients, who underwent tube thoracostomy for SSP, were retrospectively evaluated. For the evaluation of emphysematous on the preoperative computed tomography image, visual scoring system described by Goddard was used. The correlations between age, duration of hospitalization, duration of drainage, number of pneumothorax episodes, prolonged air leakage and GCS parameters, were evaluated.ResultsWhen 50 patients were scored, based on GCS, the distribution was as follows: G1: four cases, G2: 16 cases, G3: 17 cases, and G4: 13 cases. The mean number of pneumothorax episodes was 1.3 ± 0.5, the mean duration of drainage was 15.7 ± 11.3 days, and the mean duration of hospitalization was 9.2 ± 5.1 days. Prolonged air leakage was seen in 26 (52.2%) cases. The rate of prolonged air leakage was significantly higher in higher GCS cases (P = 0.035). There was a positive correlation between age and GCS (P = 0.011). The number of pneumothorax episodes rose significantly with increasing GCS (P = 0.011). The duration of hospitalization increased with the growing number of pneumothorax episodes (P = 0.027).ConclusionProlonged air leakage and the recurrence rate of SSP rise with increasing GCS. Taking this condition into consideration in the treatment algorithm can be helpful for clinicians in patient follow‐up.
Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study
Authors: Wright Nat M. J. , Allgar Victoria , Tompkins Charlotte N. E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsInjecting drug use is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and people who inject drugs commonly report injecting into the femoral vein. However, it is unclear whether the act of inserting a needle into the femoral vein or the pharmacodynamic properties of the injected drug increases DVT risk. We aimed to quantify the strength of association between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT.Design and MethodsWe used case control methodology. The study took place in Leeds, UK. A total of 313 people who inject drugs (112 ‘cases’ with a diagnosis of DVT from hospital accident and emergency departments and 201 ‘controls’ with no DVT from needle exchanges) completed a questionnaire about their drug use and administration routes.ResultsThe act of injecting into the femoral vein was strongly associated with DVT (χ2(1) = 53.453, P < 0.001), a finding that remained significant after adjusting for the type of illicit drug injected, age, gender, smoking status and history of clotting disorder. Independent of the act of femoral vein injecting, after adjusting for the effects of potential confounders, crack cocaine use was significantly associated with DVT, whereas amphetamine and heroin use were negatively independently associated with DVT.ConclusionsThe practice of injecting into the femoral vein in the groin and the practice of injecting crack cocaine are associated with the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT. [Wright NMJ, Allgar V, Tompkins CNE. Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:605–610]
Assessment of practical tasks in the Phantom course of Conservative Dentistry by pre‐defined criteria: a comparison between self‐assessment by students and assessment by instructors
Authors: Huth K. C. , Baumann M. , Kollmuss M. , Hickel R. , Fischer M. R. , Paschos E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of practical skills in undergraduate dental education has difficulties, including a lack of transparency/objectivity in student evaluations. This prospective study investigated whether agreement between student‐ and faculty‐based assessments increased when students were trained to use the assessment criteria.Materials and methodsAssessment criteria were available for 6 tasks in the Phantom course of Conservative Dentistry: Class II cavity preparation, composite restoration, gold and ceramic partial crown preparation, trepanation and access cavity preparation, and root canal filling. Forty‐two students were allocated to three different assessment training groups. Students’ self‐assessments of practical tests were compared with instructors’ assessments, depending on training intensity and task type (Pearson's rho, ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, Kruskal–Wallis test). Students/instructors were questioned regarding benefits/drawbacks of the criteria.ResultsStudent self‐assessments showed either consent (24.2%), overestimation (31%) or underestimation (44.8%). Gender differences were negligible. Regarding passing/failing grades, more intensive training yielded significantly increased agreement only for preparation of gold partial crowns (rho = +0.313, P = 0.044). Ratings exhibited significant differences amongst tasks (P = 0.002), for example, trepanation assessment had significantly lower differences than gold or ceramic preparation assessments. These discrepancies decreased with increased training. Students consistently reported benefitting most from learning the criteria for gold preparations, followed by composite and ceramic preparations. They also reported that learning the criteria was beneficial for knowledge transfer/feedback. Instructors rated the criteria as helpful for task evaluation and feedback efficiency.ConclusionsPre‐defined assessment criteria may increase consistency between student self‐assessment and instructor assessment depending on the task, improving transparency and feedback in dental education.
Randomized crossover sham‐controlled clinical trial of targeted low‐frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation comparing a figure‐8 and a round coil to treat refractory neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Seynaeve Laura , Devroye Annemie , Dupont Patrick , Van Paesschen Wim 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveDetermine the efficacy and side effects of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat refractory neocortical epilepsy and study differences in effect between a figure‐8 and round coil type.MethodsThis single‐center randomized sham‐controlled crossover trial (NCT01745952 on ClinicalTrials.gov) included 11 patients with well‐defined focal epilepsy. rTMS (0.5 Hz) was targeted to the focus during three treatment conditions consisting of 1,500 stimulations/day for 10 weekdays at 90% of resting motor threshold (rMT) followed by a 10‐week observation period. Patients were randomized for the order in which the figure‐8, round, and sham coil were used. Outcome assessors and patients were blinded to the type of coil used. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of seizure reduction after active rTMS treatment. Other outcome measures were responder rate, quality of life, and side effects.ResultsThere was no difference between a figure‐8 and round coil. None of the patients achieved an overall 50% seizure reduction. One patient responded during 1 month after treatment with either active coil, followed by a significant increase in seizure frequency. Another patient had a fourfold increase in seizure frequency during rTMS treatment.SignificanceThis study provides evidence that rTMS is on average not effective for reducing seizure frequency. No difference in effectiveness between the different coil types was observed. It can, however, exacerbate seizures during treatment and lead to a rebound in seizure frequency after an initial reduction.
Caribbean mesophotic coral ecosystems are unlikely climate change refugia
Authors: Smith Tyler B. , Gyory Joanna , Brandt Marilyn E. , Miller William J. , Jossart Jonathan , Nemeth Richard S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDeeper coral reefs experience reduced temperatures and light and are often shielded from localized anthropogenic stressors such as pollution and fishing. The deep reef refugia hypothesis posits that light‐dependent stony coral species at deeper depths are buffered from thermal stress and will avoid bleaching‐related mass mortalities caused by increasing sea surface temperatures under climate change. This hypothesis has not been tested because data collection on deeper coral reefs is difficult. Here we show that deeper (mesophotic) reefs, 30–75 m depth, in the Caribbean are not refugia because they have lower bleaching threshold temperatures than shallow reefs. Over two thermal stress events, mesophotic reef bleaching was driven by a bleaching threshold that declines 0.26 °C every +10 m depth. Thus, the main premise of the deep reef refugia hypothesis that cooler environments are protective is incorrect; any increase in temperatures above the local mean warmest conditions can lead to thermal stress and bleaching. Thus, relatively cooler temperatures can no longer be considered a de facto refugium for corals and it is likely that many deeper coral reefs are as vulnerable to climate change as shallow water reefs.
An ecoclimatic framework for evaluating the resilience of vegetation to water deficit
Authors: Mitchell Patrick J. , O'Grady Anthony P. , Pinkard Elizabeth A. , Brodribb Timothy J. , Arndt Stefan K. , Blackman Chris J. , Duursma Remko A. , Fensham Rod J. , Hilbert David W. , Nitschke Craig R. , Norris Jaymie , Roxburgh Stephen H. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Tissue David T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe surge in global efforts to understand the causes and consequences of drought on forest ecosystems has tended to focus on specific impacts such as mortality. We propose an ecoclimatic framework that takes a broader view of the ecological relevance of water deficits, linking elements of exposure and resilience to cumulative impacts on a range of ecosystem processes. This ecoclimatic framework is underpinned by two hypotheses: (i) exposure to water deficit can be represented probabilistically and used to estimate exposure thresholds across different vegetation types or ecosystems; and (ii) the cumulative impact of a series of water deficit events is defined by attributes governing the resistance and recovery of the affected processes. We present case studies comprising Pinus edulis and Eucalyptus globulus, tree species with contrasting ecological strategies, which demonstrate how links between exposure and resilience can be examined within our proposed framework. These examples reveal how climatic thresholds can be defined along a continuum of vegetation functional responses to water deficit regimes. The strength of this framework lies in identifying climatic thresholds on vegetation function in the absence of more complete mechanistic understanding, thereby guiding the formulation, application and benchmarking of more detailed modelling.
Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of future land use and climate change on river fish assemblages
Authors: Radinger Johannes , Hölker Franz , Horký Pavel , Slavík Ondřej , Dendoncker Nicolas , Wolter Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRiver ecosystems are threatened by future changes in land use and climatic conditions. However, little is known of the influence of interactions of these two dominant global drivers of change on ecosystems. Does the interaction amplify (synergistic interaction) or buffer (antagonistic interaction) the impacts and does their interaction effect differ in magnitude, direction and spatial extent compared to single independent pressures. In this study, we model the impact of single and interacting effects of land use and climate change on the spatial distribution of 33 fish species in the Elbe River. The varying effects were modeled using step‐wise boosted regression trees based on 250 m raster grid cells. Species‐specific models were built for both ‘moderate’ and ‘extreme’ future land use and climate change scenarios to assess synergistic, additive and antagonistic interaction effects on species losses, species gains and diversity indices and to quantify their spatial distribution within the Elbe River network. Our results revealed species richness is predicted to increase by 0.7–2.9 species by 2050 across the entire river network. Changes in species richness are likely to be spatially variable with significant changes predicted for 56–85% of the river network. Antagonistic interactions would dominate species losses and gains in up to 75% of the river network. In contrast, synergistic and additive effects would occur in only 20% and 16% of the river network, respectively. The magnitude of the interaction was negatively correlated with the magnitudes of the single independent effects of land use and climate change. Evidence is provided to show that future land use and climate change effects are highly interactive resulting in species range shifts that would be spatially variable in size and characteristic. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive river management and the design of spatially connected conservation areas to compensate for these high species turnovers and range shifts.
Aerobic Exercise for Reducing Migraine Burden: Mechanisms, Markers, and Models of Change Processes
Authors: Irby Megan B. , Bond Dale S. , Lipton Richard B. , Nicklas Barbara , Houle Timothy T. , Penzien Donald B. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundEngagement in regular exercise routinely is recommended as an intervention for managing and preventing migraine, and yet empirical support is far from definitive. We possess at best a weak understanding of how aerobic exercise and resulting change in aerobic capacity influence migraine, let alone the optimal parameters for exercise regimens as migraine therapy (eg, who will benefit, when to prescribe, optimal types, and doses/intensities of exercise, level of anticipated benefit). These fundamental knowledge gaps critically limit our capacity to deploy exercise as an intervention for migraine.OverviewClear articulation of the markers and mechanisms through which aerobic exercise confers benefits for migraine would prove invaluable and could yield insights on migraine pathophysiology. Neurovascular and neuroinflammatory pathways, including an effect on obesity or adiposity, are obvious candidates for study given their role both in migraine as well as the changes known to accrue with regular exercise. In addition to these biological pathways, improvements in aerobic fitness and migraine alike also are mediated by changes in psychological and sociocognitive factors. Indeed a number of specific mechanisms and pathways likely are operational in the relationship between exercise and migraine improvement, and it remains to be established whether these pathways operate in parallel or synergistically. As heuristics that might conceptually benefit our research programs here forward, we: (1) provide an extensive listing of potential mechanisms and markers that could account for the effects of aerobic exercise on migraine and are worthy of empirical exploration and (2) present two exemplar conceptual models depicting pathways through which exercise may serve to reduce the burden of migraine.ConclusionShould the promise of aerobic exercise as a feasible and effective migraine therapy be realized, this line of endeavor stands to benefit migraineurs (including the many who presently remain suboptimally treated) by providing a new therapeutic avenue as an alternative or augmentative compliment to established interventions for migraine.
A self‐directed home yoga programme for women with breast cancer during chemotherapy: A feasibility study
Authors: Komatsu Hiroko , Yagasaki Kaori , Yamauchi Hideko , Yamauchi Teruo , Takebayashi Toru 
Published: December 2015

Recent studies suggest yoga as a promising approach for improving the cognitive function of cancer survivors. We studied whether a self‐directed home yoga programme was feasible for patients with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy. Participants' preferences for the type of yoga course and the clinical effects of the programme were also assessed.In this study, 18 women (mean age, 43.9 years) were enrolled (44.7% recruitment rate). Of the participants, 63.6% had stage II cancer and 71.4% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Favourable retention (86%), adherence (94.4%) and acceptability (96.5%) rates were determined. Most (94.4%) of the women practiced the home programme more than twice a week on average. The participants preferred to gradually increase the intensity of the exercises.We only observed improvements in the cognitive aspects of fatigue. No serious adverse events were encountered during the programme. This self‐directed home yoga programme was safe and feasible for patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Individual Wage Growth: The Role of Industry Experience
Authors: Battisti Michele 
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on the effect of experience within an industry on wages. I use a correlated random effects simultaneous equation model that allows individual and match heterogeneity to affect wages, job tenure, and industry experience. I estimate my model separately for men and women using a large panel of young Italian workers for the years 1986–2004. Results show that wage returns to industry experience are much higher than wage returns to job seniority. The hypotheses of exogeneity of job seniority and industry experience in the wage equation are rejected: high‐wage workers and high‐wage matches last longer.