bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Krebs Georgina , Pile Victoria , Grant Sean , Degli Esposti Michelle , Montgomery Paul , Lau Jennifer Y.F. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM‐I) is effective in altering interpretation biases and reducing anxiety in adults. Less is known about the impact of CBM‐I in young people, but some recent findings, including a meta‐analysis of combined cognitive bias modification of interpretation and attention techniques, have cast doubt on its clinical utility. Given the current debate, this meta‐analysis sought to establish the independent effects of CBM‐I on interpretations biases and anxiety in youth.MethodsStudies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and EMBASE between January 1992 and March 2017. Eligible studies aimed to target interpretation biases; did not combine CBM‐I with another intervention; included a control condition; randomly allocated participants to conditions; assessed interpretation bias and/or anxiety as an outcome; included individuals up to age 18; and did not present previously reported data. Reference lists of included articles were checked for further eligible studies, and authors were contacted for unpublished data.ResultsWe identified 26 studies meeting eligibility criteria that included in the meta‐analysis. CBM‐I had moderate effects on negative and positive interpretations (g = −0.70 and g = −0.52, respectively) and a small but significant effect on anxiety assessed after training (g = −0.17) and after a stressor (g = −0.34). No significant moderators were identified.ConclusionsIn contrast to previous meta‐analytic findings, our results indicate that CBM‐I has potential but weak anxiolytic effects in youth. Our findings suggest that it may be premature to disregard the potential value of CBM‐I research and further research in this field is warranted.
Beyond Amyloid – Widening the View on Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Behl Christian , Ziegler Christine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor 25 years, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, based on the finding that mutations in the amyloid precursor protein are closely linked to familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dominated the research on this disease. Recent failures of clinical anti‐amyloidogenic trials, however, substantially support the reasoning (i) that the pathomechanisms that trigger familial AD, namely the generation, aggregation, and deposition of amyloid beta, cannot necessarily be extrapolated to sporadic cases and (ii) that amyloid beta represents a prominent histopathological feature in AD but not its exclusive causative factor. In autumn 2016, the Volkswagen Foundation hosted the Herrenhausen Symposium ‘Beyond Amyloid – Widening the View on Alzheimer's Disease’ in Hannover, Germany, to bring together current knowledge on cellular and molecular processes that contribute to AD pathogenesis independent of or alongside with the amyloid biochemistry. The following mini review series was authored by key speakers at the meeting, and highlights some of the mechanisms potentially involved in AD etiology that provide alternative viewpoints and mechanisms beyond the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
This article is part of the series “Beyond Amyloid”.
Does an intervention designed to improve self‐management, social support and awareness of palliative‐care address needs of persons with heart failure, family caregivers and clinicians?
Authors: Sebern Margaret D. , Sulemanjee Nasir , Sebern Mark J. , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Whitlatch Carol J. 
Published: October 2017

Aims and ObjectivesTo conduct a formative evaluation of the iPad‐Enhanced Shared Care Intervention for Partners (iSCIP) among persons with heart failure (HF), family caregivers and clinicians. Together, persons with HF and family caregivers are referred to as partners.BackgroundThere is growing awareness of the caregiver's contributions to HF self‐management, social support and reciprocal benefits of interventions that involve both partners. The iSCIP engages both partners in a six‐session psychosocial intervention to address three preventable causes of poor outcomes in a HF population: poor self‐management skills, inadequate social support and underutilisation of palliative care. An iPad app is used to organise the intervention. The goals of the iSCIP are to engage partners in HF self‐management, communication about the HF patient's care values and preferences, and future planning.DesignA qualitative focus group design was used.MethodsSeven clinicians and eight partners participated in focus groups to explore their experiences, needs and reaction to the iSCIP content and technologies employed. Open‐ended questions and closed‐ended surveys were used to collect data. Deductive content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. NVivo software was used for qualitative data analysis. Bayesian statistical models were used to analyse numeric data.ResultsThe iSCIP met partners’ and clinicians’ needs to improve self‐management, communicate about care values and preferences and plan for the future. Quantitative analysis of numeric data supported our qualitative findings, in that both groups rated the intervention components useful to very useful.Implications for practiceThese findings add to the growing evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of programs that address care values and preferences, and care planning. The iSCIP can be used as a guide for developing interventions and software applications, which involve both partners in care and palliative‐care discussions.
Living with an indwelling urethral catheter in a community setting: Exploring triggers for unscheduled community nurse “out‐of‐hours” visits
Authors: Mackay William G , MacIntosh Teresa , Kydd Angela , Fleming Anne , O'Kane Cate , Shepherd Ashley , Hagen Suzanne , Williams Craig , Mundie Janice , Russell Carol , Rodgers Fiona , MacLachlan Margaret , Galbraith Rhona , Rankin Jean , McIver Val 
Published: October 2017

Aims and ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of community patients living with a urethral catheter and those caring for them.BackgroundLiving at home with an indwelling urethral catheter often results in consequences that create a double‐edged burden: first, on patients and their relative carers and second, in terms of unscheduled community nurse service “out‐of‐hours” provision.DesignOne‐to‐one interviews were conducted with patients living at home, their relative carers, qualified community nurses, augmented home carers and healthcare assistant. Quantitative data in relation to frequency, duration and reason for visits were extracted from the community nurse “out‐of‐hours” service database.ResultsQuantitative data showed that 20% of all community nurses unscheduled “out‐of‐hours” visits were triggered by an indwelling urethral catheter consequence. Qualitative data revealed that health and social care staff felt knowledgeable and skilled in urethral catheter management. Conversely, patients and relative carers felt poorly equipped to manage the situation when something went wrong. The majority of patients described the catheter as being a debilitating source of anxiety and pain that reduced their quality of life.ConclusionUrethral catheter complications are frequent and impact seriously on quality of life with informal carers also affected. Community nurses experienced frequent unscheduled visits. Patients often feel isolated as well as lacking in knowledge, skills and information on catheter management. Having better urethral catheter information resources could increase patient and relative carer confidence, encourage self‐care and problem solving, as well as facilitate meaningful consistent dialogue between patients and those who provide them with help and support.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBetter patient information resources regarding urethral catheter management have potential to improve patient and relative carer quality of life and reduce service provision burden.
Clinical applications of IDDSI framework for texture recommendation for dysphagia patients
Authors: Su Mingsong , Zheng Gangying , Chen Yanqiu , Xie Hua , Han Weijia , Yang Qing , Sun Jianqin , Lv Zhihong , Chen Jianshe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDysphagia is a highly prevalent eating and swallowing disorder among elderly people, impacting negatively on the health and well‐being of those afflicted. With increasing populations of elderly people, food industries are under growing pressure to produce appropriately texture‐modified food for safe consumption by these vulnerable populations. Recently published International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework provides a new global guideline on texture modification and standardization for dysphagia patients. This work was designed to test the feasibility of IDDSI framework for clinical applications by assessing the correlation between swallowing capability of dysphagia patients and the IDDSI texture levels. Altogether 26 elderly subjects were recruited and assessed for their dysphagia grades using the Water Drinking Test. Subjects were provided with fluid samples constituted at different consistencies from a commercial product and swallowing performance (time of swallowing, number of swallows, and number of coughs) was monitored and recorded. Correlations among swallowing capability parameters were observed. Most importantly, results from this work clearly demonstrated that the severity of dysphagia by water‐based swallow tests correlates positively with the IDDSI fluid thickness aimed at reducing dysphagia symptoms in those patients, confirming the reliability and feasibility of IDDSI framework for clinical applications.Practical applicationsSwallowing disorder or dysphagia occurs commonly among many elderly people and imposes negative impacts on their health and well‐being. Medical professionals can diagnose eating and swallowing capability in a qualitative manner, but have difficulty in making diet recommendation because of the lack of texture guidance. This work confirmed the feasibility of IDDSI framework for clinical and bedside applications. The correlation between the capability grades of swallowing and IDDSI texture levels established in this work provides a useful measure for such applications.
Early environmental conditions affect the volume of higher‐order brain centers in a jumping spider
Authors: Steinhoff P. O. M. , Liedtke J. , Sombke A. , Schneider J. M. , Uhl G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe central nervous system is known to be plastic in volume and structure depending on the stimuli the organism is subjected to. We tested in the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa (Clerck, 1757), whether rearing environments affect the volume of two target higher‐order brain centers: the mushroom body (MB) and the arcuate body (AB). We reared female M. muscosa (N = 39) in three environments: solitarily (D: deprived), solitarily but in a physically enriched environment (P: physically enriched) and together with several siblings (G: group). We additionally investigated spiders caught from the field (W: wild). Volumes of MB and AB were compared using microCT analysis. We hypothesized that spiders reared in treatments P and G should have larger MB and AB than the spiders from treatment D, as the enriched environments are presumably cognitively more demanding than the deprived environment. Spiders from treatment P had significantly larger absolute brain volumes than spiders from treatment D, whereas brain volumes of treatment G lay in between. The relative volume of the MB was not significantly different between the treatments, whereas relative AB volumes were significantly larger in treatment P than in D, supporting the hypothesis that the AB is a center of locomotor control. W spiders had smaller absolute brain volumes and relatively smaller AB than spiders from laboratory treatments, which suggests developmental constraints under natural, possibly food‐limited conditions. Additionally, differences in the relative volume of MB substructures were found. Overall, our study demonstrates that brains of jumping spiders respond plastically to environmental conditions in that absolute brain volume, as well as the relative volume of higher‐order brain centers, is affected.
Contributions of recombination and repair proteins to telomere maintenance in telomerase‐positive and negative Ustilago maydis
Authors: Yu Eun Young , Hsu Min , Holloman William K. , Lue Neal F. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryHomologous recombination and repair factors are known to promote both telomere replication and recombination‐based telomere extension. Herein, we address the diverse contributions of several recombination/repair proteins to telomere maintenance in Ustilago maydis, a fungus that bears strong resemblance to mammals with respect to telomere regulation and recombination mechanisms. In telomerase‐positive U. maydis, deletion of rad51 and blm separately caused shortened but stably maintained telomeres, whereas deletion of both engendered similar telomere loss, suggesting that the repair proteins help to resolve similar problems in telomere replication. In telomerase‐negative cells, the loss of Rad51 or Brh2 caused accelerated senescence and failure to generate survivors on semi‐solid medium. However, slow growing survivors can be isolated through continuous liquid culturing, and these survivors exhibit type II‐like as well as ALT‐like telomere features. In contrast, the trt1Δ blmΔ double mutant gives rise to survivors as readily as the trt1Δ single mutant, and like the single mutant survivors, exhibit almost exclusively type I‐like telomere features. In addition, we observed direct physical interactions between Blm and two telomere‐binding proteins, which may thus recruit or regulate Blm at telomeres. Our findings provide the basis for further analyzing the interplays between telomerase, telomere replication, and telomere recombination.
Post‐translational modifications as key regulators of apicomplexan biology: insights from proteome‐wide studies
Authors: Yakubu Rama R. , Weiss Louis M. , Silmon de Monerri Natalie C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryParasites of the Apicomplexa phylum, such as Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, undergo complex life cycles involving multiple stages with distinct biology and morphologies. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, regulate numerous cellular processes, playing a role in every aspect of cell biology. PTMs can occur on proteins at any time in their lifespan and through alterations of target protein activity, localization, protein–protein interactions, among other functions, dramatically increase proteome diversity and complexity. In addition, PTMs can be induced or removed on changes in cellular environment and state. Thus, PTMs are likely to be key regulators of developmental transitions, biology and pathogenesis of apicomplexan parasites. In this review we examine the roles of PTMs in both parasite‐specific and conserved eukaryotic processes, and the potential crosstalk between PTMs, that together regulate the intricate lives of these protozoa.
Changes in pulmonary artery systolic pressure and right ventricular function in patients with end‐stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis
Authors: Santosh Sadashiv , Chu Cheng , Mwangi John , Narayan Melin , Mosman Amy , Nayak Ravi , Philipneri Marie 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAimPulmonary hypertension is common in patients with end‐stage renal disease, and portends a poor prognosis. There are little data in this population, and previous studies have not evaluated quantitative changes in haemodynamics over time while on maintenance dialysis. This study sought to estimate changes in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and right ventricular function over time, and to predict PASP change using clinical variables routinely available at time of initial measurement, in patients on maintenance dialysis.MethodsWe retrospectively studied patients with end‐stage renal disease at a university‐affiliated dialysis centre who had two separate echocardiograms 1–4 years apart.ResultsSeventy‐six patients (65 haemodialysis, 11 peritoneal dialysis) were included. PASP was estimated by echocardiography. Baseline PASP was predicted by left‐sided valvular disease, anaemia, COPD, left‐ventricular mass index, and haemodialysis modality (P = 0.07 for modality). Average increase in PASP was 2.41 mmHg per year. Higher rates of PASP change were predicted by E/e′ ratio by tissue doppler on echocardiogram, diabetes mellitus, low LV mass, and left‐sided valvular heart disease (P = 0.07 for valvular disease). Patients with higher PASP had higher incidence of new‐onset right ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionIn patients with end‐stage renal disease, PASP increases over time. Changes are moderately predictable. Higher PASP predicted development of right ventricular dysfunction.
Impaired intestinal barrier function and relapsing digestive disease: Lessons from a porcine model of early life stress
Authors: Ziegler A. L. , Blikslager A. T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWithin this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, an article by Pohl et al highlights new insights from a powerful porcine model of the link between early life adversity and relapsing functional gastrointestinal disorders. Early weaning stress closely mimics the early life psychosocial stressors that have been linked to adult onset gastrointestinal dysfunction. This early weaning model provides reproducible and highly translatable outcomes in young stress‐challenged pigs. Due to the convincingly comparable neurological and gastroenterological anatomy and physiology between pigs and human beings, gastrointestinal stress and injury studies utilizing swine models will provide invaluable insights to improve our understanding and treatment of gastrointestinal disease in human beings. Future studies to examine mechanisms underlying this link between early life adversity and functional gastrointestinal disorders will explore the roles of gender and hypomaturity in gastrointestinal responses to stress.
Idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with specific transcriptional changes in the gastric muscularis externa
Authors: Herring B. P. , Hoggatt A. M. , Gupta A. , Griffith S. , Nakeeb A. , Choi J. N. , Idrees M. T. , Nowak T. , Morris D. L. , Wo J. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular changes that occur in the stomach that are associated with idiopathic gastroparesis are poorly described. The aim of this study was to use quantitative analysis of mRNA expression to identify changes in mRNAs encoding proteins required for the normal motility functions of the stomach.MethodsFull‐thickness stomach biopsy samples were collected from non‐diabetic control subjects who exhibited no symptoms of gastroparesis and from patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. mRNA was isolated from the muscularis externa and mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR.Key ResultsSmooth muscle tissue from idiopathic gastroparesis patients had decreased expression of mRNAs encoding several contractile proteins, such as MYH11 and MYLK1. Conversely, there was no significant change in mRNAs characteristic of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) such as KIT or ANO1. There was also a significant decrease in mRNA‐encoding platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and its ligand PDGFB and in Heme oxygenase 1 in idiopathic gastroparesis subjects. In contrast, there was a small increase in mRNA characteristic of neurons. Although there was not an overall change in KIT expression in gastroparesis patients, KIT expression showed a significant correlation with gastric emptying whereas changes in MYLK1, ANO1 and PDGFRα showed weak correlations to the fullness/satiety subscore of patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorder‐symptom severity index scores.Conclusions and Inferences:Our findings suggest that idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with altered smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression and loss of PDGFRα+ cells without a significant change in ICCs.
Quantitative mesophyll parameters rather than whole‐leaf traits predict response of C3 steppe plants to aridity
Authors: Ivanova Larissa A. , Yudina Polina K. , Ronzhina Dina A. , Ivanov Leonid A. , Hölzel Norbert 
Published: October 2017

Summary

We studied the impact of aridity on leaf and mesophyll traits in dominant and very abundant plant species of Eurasian steppe plant communities. We covered a 500‐km latitudinal gradient across three vegetation zones in the Volga region of southern European Russia.

Whole‐leaf traits, volumetric fractions of leaf tissues, quantitative parameters of photosynthetic cells and chloroplasts, and chlorophyll, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents were analyzed and related to plant functional type (PFT), type of mesophyll anatomy, phylogeny and climate aridity.

The proportions of prevailing PFTs in the communities, such as C3 monocots, C3 dicots with dorsiventral and isopalisade anatomy and C4 dicots, changed with increasing aridity which influenced the whole‐leaf parameters and tissue composition in the leaf. Leaf mass per unit area and leaf thickness slightly increased along the aridity gradient, but the most significant changes were observed in the mesophyll. Mesophyll cell surface area, chloroplast number and chloroplast surface area per unit leaf area were higher in C3 plants growing in the desert steppe compared with those of the forest steppe, while chlorophyll content per single chloroplast and per unit N content as well chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased.

Our results identify a suite of mesophyll traits as a typical ‘syndrome’ of increasingly drought‐adapted steppe plants.
Genealogies of recovery: The framing of therapeutic ambitions
Authors: Brown Brian , Manning Nick 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe notion of recovery has become prominent in mental healthcare discourse in the UK, but it is often considered as if it were a relatively novel notion, and as if it represented an alternative to conventional treatment and intervention. In this paper, we explore some of the origins of the notion of recovery in the early 20th century in movements such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Recovery Inc. Whilst these phenomena are not entirely continuous with recovery in the present day, some important antecedents of the contemporary notion can be detected. These include the focus on the sufferers’ interior space as a key theatre of operations and the reinforcement and consolidation of medical ways of seeing the condition without any immediate medical supervision of the actors being necessary. This has resonance with many contemporary examples of recovery in practice where the art of living with a mental health condition is emphasised without the nature of the psychopathological condition itself being challenged.