bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigration Status and the Healthcare Access and Health of Children of Immigrants*
Authors: Gelatt Julia 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveIn this article, I examine how children's and parents’ immigration status (U.S. born, legal immigrant, or undocumented) is associated with children's access to insurance and healthcare and with children's physical health.MethodsI use the first wave of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, which is representative of Los Angeles County in 2000–2001, to analyze data on parents' and children's immigration status, children's health insurance coverage, children's healthcare utilization, and children's health, using logistic and ordered logistic regression models.ResultsI find that undocumented immigrant children face severely constrained access to health insurance and a usual source of healthcare, while children with foreign‐born parents have lower global health status than children with U.S.‐born parents. Children with undocumented parents may have less access to a doctor diagnosis for common childhood ailments.ConclusionThese results show that without being eligible for public insurance, many undocumented children lack health insurance and a usual healthcare provider, even in a part of the country with substantial experience serving immigrant families.
Genetic Attributions, Immutability, and Stereotypical Judgments: An Analysis of Homosexuality*
Authors: Joslyn Mark R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesIndividuals employ causal reasoning to explain the world around them, including political events, group behavior, and conditions in society. People may attribute causes of behavior to controllable components, such as individual choices, or uncontrollable elements, such as broader forces in the environment. To this, we add biological or genetic attributions that have received increasing attention. Broadly, we argue that people's understanding about genetics as a cause for group behavior influences perceptions of immutability and stereotypical judgments about groups.MethodsMaking use of individual‐level data from three national surveys of American adults, we examine causal beliefs about the origins of homosexuality. Specifically, we assess the impact of genetic attributions on judgments about whether a gay or lesbian person's sexual orientation can or cannot be changed. We also examine the association between genetic attributions and several stereotypic judgments about gays and lesbians.ResultsWe find that genetic attributions strongly shape perceptions of immutability as well as stereotypic judgments about gays and lesbians.ConclusionsImplications of our findings for attribution theory and the attitudinal changes that follow from the public's understanding of genetics and its impact on sexual orientation are discussed.
Damage Investigation in Composite Materials by Means of New Thermal Data Processing Procedures
Authors: Palumbo D. , Galietti U. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStimulated thermography is a non‐destructive technique capable of detecting and quantifying defects in composite material thanks to the varying thermal behaviour they display if subjected to a thermal stimulation. Although in literature valid and consolidated thermographic techniques (lock‐in and pulsed/stepped thermography) are available, the use of stimulated thermography in industry is still not widespread in the case of application of large structures, mainly because of the overall lengthy time required for testing owing to the necessary scanning approach.In this work, the influence of the main set‐up parameters of stimulated thermography is assessed, analysing simulated defects on a sample specimen made of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer. In particular, the attention was focused on the optimisation of testing parameters for the improvement of signal quality and to reduce testing time. In this regard, a new procedure is proposed based on a least‐square fitting algorithm capable of providing various synergic thermal analyses with a modulated heat excitation and within a single test.
Conflicting HLA assignment by three different typing methods due to the apparent loss of heterozygosity in the MHC region
Authors: Linjama T. , Impola U. , Niittyvuopio R. , Kuittinen O. , Kaare A. , Rimpiläinen J. , Volin L. , Peräsaari J. , Jaatinen T. , Lauronen J. , Saarinen T. , Juvonen E. , Partanen J. , Koskela S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been reported to cause false human leukocyte antigen (HLA) homozygous typing results in pre‐transplant patients suffering from haematological malignancies, who in fact are HLA heterozygous. This poses a challenge for histocompatibility testing, as a stem cell graft from a genuinely HLA homozygous donor to a mistyped patient may lead to acute life‐threatening graft‐vs‐host disease. LOH in the HLA region on chromosome 6 is known to be quite common in solid tumours, helping malignant cells to escape T‐cell surveillance, but the incidence in haematological malignancies is less well known and the estimates vary. Here we report LOH in the HLA region of five patients with haematological malignancy. We found considerable differences in sensitivity between the three different HLA typing methods used in our laboratory: SSP was clearly the most sensitive method for detecting the lost haplotype, followed by rSSO, while SBT was the least sensitive technique. A subsequent, retrospective genotyping of 65 HLA homozygous haematological patients by SSP method showed no mistyped LOH cases in our laboratory in the past 10 years. The frequency of HLA homozygosity was found to be similar between haematological patients and control groups. It is important for an HLA laboratory to be aware of the differences in various HLA typing techniques' sensitivity for detecting an under‐represented haplotype between HLA typing techniques when genotyping patients with haematological diseases. It is advisable for HLA laboratories to have at least two different methods with different sensitivities in their repertoire to be able to retype samples when a false homozygous result is suspected.
Towards an Automated Comparison of OpenStreetMap with Authoritative Road Datasets
Authors: Brovelli Maria Antonia , Minghini Marco , Molinari Monia , Mooney Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOpenStreetMap (OSM) is an extraordinarily large and diverse spatial database of the world. Road networks are amongst the most frequently occurring spatial content within the OSM database. These road network representations are usable in many applications. However the quality of these representations can vary between locations. Comparing OSM road networks with authoritative road datasets for a given area or region is an important task in assessing OSM's fitness for use for applications like routing and navigation. Such comparisons can be technically challenging and no software implementation exists which facilitates them easily and automatically. In this article we develop and propose a flexible methodology for comparing the geometry of OSM road network data with other road datasets. Quantitative measures for the completeness and spatial accuracy of OSM are computed, including the compatibility of OSM road data with other map databases. Our methodology provides users with significant flexibility in how they can adjust the parameterization to suit their needs. This software implementation is exclusively built on open source software and a significant degree of automation is provided for these comparisons. This software can subsequently be extended and adapted for comparison between OSM and other external road datasets.
High Resolution Köppen‐Geiger Classifications of Paleoclimate Simulations
Authors: Willmes Christian , Becker Daniel , Brocks Sebastian , Hütt Christoph , Bareth Georg 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe development and application of an algorithm to compute Köppen‐Geiger climate classifications from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Paleo Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) climate model simulation data is described in this study. The classification algorithm was applied to data from the PMIP III paleoclimate experiments for the Last Glacial Maximum, 21k years before present (yBP), Mid‐Holocene (6k yBP) and the Pre‐Industrial (0k yBP, control run) time slices. To infer detailed classification maps, the simulation datasets were interpolated to a higher resolution. The classification method presented is based on the application of Open Source Software, and the implementation is described with attention to detail. The source code and the exact input data sets as well as the resulting data sets are provided to enable the application of the presented approach.
Conflation of OpenStreetMap and Mobile Sports Tracking Data for Automatic Bicycle Routing
Authors: Bergman Cecilia , Oksanen Juha 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article investigates how workout trajectories from a mobile sports tracking application can be used to provide automatic route suggestions for bicyclists. We apply a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)‐based method for matching cycling tracks to a “bicycle network” extracted from crowdsourced OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, and evaluate its effective differences in terms of optimal routing compared with a simple geometric point‐to‐curve method. OSM has quickly established itself as a popular resource for bicycle routing; however, its high‐level of detail presents challenges for its applicability to popularity‐based routing. We propose a solution where bikeways are prioritized in map‐matching, achieving good performance; the HMM‐based method matched correctly on average 94% of the route length. In addition, we show that the extremely biased nature of the trajectory dataset, which is typical of volunteered user‐generated data, can be of high importance in terms of popularity‐based routing. Most computed routes diverged depending on whether the number of users or number of tracks was used as an indicator of popularity, which may imply varying preferences among different types of cyclists. Revising the number of tracks by diversity of users to surmount local biases in the data had a more limited effect on routing.
On the Emergence of Syntactic Structures: Quantifying and Modeling Duality of Patterning
Authors: Loreto Vittorio , Gravino Pietro , Servedio Vito D. P. , Tria Francesca 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe complex organization of syntax in hierarchical structures is one of the core design features of human language. Duality of patterning refers, for instance, to the organization of the meaningful elements in a language at two distinct levels: a combinatorial level, where meaningless forms are combined into meaningful forms; and a compositional level, where meaningful forms are composed into larger lexical units. The question remains wide open regarding how such structures could have emerged. The aim of this paper is to address these two aspects in a self‐consistent way. First, we introduce suitable measures to quantify the level of combinatoriality and compositionality in a language, and we present a framework to estimate these observables in human natural languages. Second, we show that a recently introduced multi‐agent modeling scheme, namely the Blending Game, provides a mathematical framework to address the problem of how a population of individuals can bootstrap combinatoriality and compositionality. Theoretical predictions based on this model turn out to be in good agreement with empirical data. It is remarkable that the two sides of duality of patterning emerge simultaneously as a consequence of a pure cultural dynamics in a simulated environment that contains meaningful relations, provided a simple constraint on message transmission fidelity is also considered.
Language Evolution: Constraints and Opportunities From Modern Genetics
Authors: Dediu Dan , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOur understanding of language, its origins and subsequent evolution (including language change), is shaped not only by data and theories from the language sciences, but also fundamentally by the biological sciences. Recent developments in genetics and evolutionary theory offer both very strong constraints on what scenarios of language evolution are possible and probable, but also offer exciting opportunities for understanding otherwise puzzling phenomena. Due to the intrinsic breathtaking rate of advancement in these fields, and the complexity, subtlety, and sometimes apparent non‐intuitiveness of the phenomena discovered, some of these recent developments have either being completely missed by language scientists or misperceived and misrepresented. In this short paper, we offer an update on some of these findings and theoretical developments through a selection of illustrative examples and discussions that cast new light on current debates in the language sciences. The main message of our paper is that life is much more complex and nuanced than anybody could have predicted even a few decades ago, and that we need to be flexible in our theorizing instead of embracing a priori dogmas and trying to patch paradigms that are no longer satisfactory.
How Evolution May Work Through Curiosity‐Driven Developmental Process
Authors: Oudeyer Pierre‐Yves , Smith Linda B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInfants' own activities create and actively select their learning experiences. Here we review recent models of embodied information seeking and curiosity‐driven learning and show that these mechanisms have deep implications for development and evolution. We discuss how these mechanisms yield self‐organized epigenesis with emergent ordered behavioral and cognitive developmental stages. We describe a robotic experiment that explored the hypothesis that progress in learning, in and for itself, generates intrinsic rewards: The robot learners probabilistically selected experiences according to their potential for reducing uncertainty. In these experiments, curiosity‐driven learning led the robot learner to successively discover object affordances and vocal interaction with its peers. We explain how a learning curriculum adapted to the current constraints of the learning system automatically formed, constraining learning and shaping the developmental trajectory. The observed trajectories in the robot experiment share many properties with those in infant development, including a mixture of regularities and diversities in the developmental patterns. Finally, we argue that such emergent developmental structures can guide and constrain evolution, in particular with regard to the origins of language.
Bartonella henselaetransmission by blood transfusion in mice
Authors: Silva Marilene Neves , Vieira‐Damiani Gislaine , Ericson Marna Elise , Gupta Kalpna , Gilioli Rovilson , de Almeida Amanda Roberta , Drummond Marina Rovani , Lania Bruno Grosselli , de Almeida Lins Karina , Soares Tânia Cristina Benetti , Velho Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDBartonellaspp. are neglected fastidious Gram‐negative bacilli. We isolatedBartonella henselaefrom 1.2% of 500 studied blood donors and demonstrated that the bacteria remain viable in red blood cell units after 35 days of experimental infection. Now, we aim to evaluate the possibility ofB. henselaetransmission by blood transfusion in a mouse model.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSEight BALB/c mice were intraperitoneal inoculated with a 30 µL of suspension with 104CFU/mL ofB. henselaeand a second group of eight mice were inoculated with saline solution and used as control. After 96 hours of inoculation, the animals were euthanized. We collected blood and tissue samples from skin, liver, and spleen. Thirty microliters of blood from fourBartonella‐inoculated animals were transfused into a new group (n = 4). Another group received blood from the control animals.B. henselaeinfection was investigated by conventional and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTSBlood samples from all 24 mice were negative by molecular tests though half of the tissue samples were positive by nested PCR in the intraperitonealBartonella‐investigated animals. Tissues from two of the four mice that received blood transfusions fromBartonella‐inoculated animals were also nested PCR positives.CONCLUSIONSTransmission ofB. henselaeby transfusion is possible in mice even when donor animals have undetectable bloodstream infection. The impact of humanBartonellasp. transmission through blood transfusion recipients must be evaluated.
Hemoglobin assessment: precision and practicability evaluated in the Netherlands—the HAPPEN study
Authors: Baart A. Mireille , de Kort Wim L.A.M. , van den Hurk Katja , Pasker‐de Jong Pieternel C.M. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDMost donors do not like the invasive hemoglobin (Hb) measurement in fingerstick capillary samples. Alternative noninvasive devices have recently become available. In this study we assessed the precision and practicability of noninvasive devices and compared them with measurements in capillary and venous samples.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 2589 blood donors were included in the study. Hb levels were measured with the noninvasive devices NBM 200 or Haemospect and compared with values obtained with the invasive devices HemoCue 201 and HemoCue 301 and with venous values. Precision was evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity for detection of Hb levels below the cutoff level for donation, taking venous values as “reference values.”RESULTSHb levels measured with both invasive and noninvasive devices differed significantly from venous measurements. Measurements with invasive devices correlated stronger with venous values and were more precise. Sensitivity ranged from 30.1% (HemoCue 201) to 3.5% (Haemospect) in men and from 36.6% (HemoCue 201) to 10.8% (Haemospect) in women. Specificity ranged from 99.8% (HemoCue 201) to 95.5% (Haemospect) in men and from 98.9% (HemoCue 201) to 94.6% (NBM 200) in women. Most donors preferred the noninvasive measurement.CONCLUSIONMeasurements with invasive devices showed stronger correlation and better agreement with venous values than noninvasive devices. Sensitivity was low for all measurement devices, particularly the noninvasive ones. In terms of precision invasive measurement would be preferred for donor screening, although a majority of donors preferred the noninvasive measurement.
Sequence analysis of two variable cytomegalovirus genes for distinction between transfusion‐ and breast milk–transmitted infections in a very‐low‐birthweight infant
Authors: Yamagishi Naoji , Furui Yasumi , Koshinami Syota , Ichijo Koichi , Shimizu Yoshito , Hoshi Yuji , Gotanda Yuko , Miyakawa Keiko , Uchida Shigeharu , Tadokoro Kenji , Nagai Tadashi , Satake Masahiro 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDCytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in very‐low‐birthweight infants can lead to serious clinical consequences. When CMV‐related symptoms occur after transfusion, CMV transmission is often attributed to the transfusion products rather than to breast milk. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between transfusion‐transmitted and breast milk–transmitted CMV infections.PATIENT AND METHODSA patient was born at 27 gestational weeks with a weight of 689 g. He was transfused with leukoreduced red blood cells (LR‐RBCs), which were later found to be CMV seropositive and CMV DNA positive. He was also fed with CMV DNA–positive breast milk. Thereafter, he developed CMV disease with thrombocytopenia and jaundice. To determine the route of transmission, we analyzed the sequences of two variable CMV genes, UL139 and UL146, by direct sequence analysis. We also performed deep sequence analysis to determine whether there were polyclonal CMV strains in the LR‐RBCs transfused.RESULTSCMV DNA sequence‐matching rates for the LR‐RBCs and the patient's blood were 64.6% for the UL139 gene and 68.6% for the UL146 gene. In contrast, the sequences of these genes in the patient's blood were 100% matched with those in the breast milk. Furthermore, by deep sequence analysis, the CMV strain found in the patient's blood was not detected in the LR‐RBCs transfused.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the pathogenic CMV strain was transmitted through breast milk, which is consistent with the claims that transfusion‐transmitted CMV infection due to leukoreduced blood products is uncommon.
Evaluation of a virtual pet visit system with live video streaming of patient images over the Internet in a companion animal intensive care unit in the Netherlands
Authors: Robben Joris H. , Melsen Diede N. , Almalik Osama , Roomer Wendy , Endenburg Nienke 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a virtual pet visit system (“TelePet” System, TPS) on owners and staff of a companion animal ICU.DesignLongitudinal interventional study (2010–2013).SettingCompanion animal ICU at a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.Study PopulationsPet owners, ICU technicians.InterventionsThe introduction of the TPS, with live video streaming of patient images over the Internet, in a companion animal ICU.Measurements and Main ResultsPet owners experienced TPS as a valuable extra service. Most TPS users (72.4%) experienced less anxiety and felt less need (40.4% of TPS users) to visit their hospitalized pet in person. Most users (83.5%) shared TPS access with their family. The introduction of the TPS did not improve overall owner satisfaction, except for the score on “quality of medical treatment.” Seven of 26 indicators of owner satisfaction were awarded higher scores by TPS users than by TPS nonusers in the survey after the introduction of the system. However, the lack of randomization of owners might have influenced findings. The enthusiasm of the ICU technicians for the system was tempered by the negative feedback from a small number of owners. Nevertheless they recognized the value of the system for owners. The system was user friendly and ICU staff and TPS users experienced few technical problems.ConclusionsAs veterinary healthcare is moving toward a more client‐centered approach, a virtual pet visit system, such as TPS, is a relatively simple application that may improve the well‐being of most owners during the hospitalization of their pet.
Pericytes: A newly recognized player in wound healing
Authors: Bodnar Richard J. , Satish Latha , Yates Cecelia C. , Wells Alan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPericytes have generally been considered in the context of stabilizing vessels, ensuring the blood barriers, and regulating the flow through capillaries. However, new reports suggest that pericytes may function at critical times to either drive healing with minimal scarring or, perversely, contribute to fibrosis and ongoing scar formation. Beneficially, pericytes probably drive much of the vascular involution that occurs during the transition from the regenerative to the resolution phases of healing. Pathologically, pericytes can assume a fibrotic phenotype and promote scarring. This perspective will discuss pericyte involvement in wound repair and the relationship pericytes form with the parenchymal cells of the skin. We will further evaluate the role pericytes may have in disease progression in relation to chronic wounds and fibrosis.