bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Container Chemistry: Manipulating excited state behavior of organic guests within cavitands that form capsules in water
Authors: Jagadesan Pradeepkumar , Samanta Shampa R. , Choudhury Rajib , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo new cavitands substituted with acid and alcohol groups (tetra‐acid tetra‐alcohol [TATA] and inverted TATA [iTATA]) bearing the same molecular skeleton as octa acid (OA) have been synthesized and their use as photochemical reaction containers explored. Isothermal calorimetric titration experiments suggest that the inclusion of organic molecules within these cavitands is driven both by favorable ΔH and ΔS and the substituents at the portals have little role to play. Comparison of the 2 new cavitands with the previous results on OA reveals that the presence of benzoate anion at the top periphery is essential for the cavitand to be a triplet sensitizer. Polarity within the water‐soluble capsules, resulting from TATA and iTATA, was found to be close to that of ethylacetate and hydrocarbons, similar to that of OA. Photophysical studies with anthracene and camphorthione as guests disclose that the capsules made of 2 molecules of cavitands do not disassemble in the time scale of the excited states of the above guests (S1 in the case of anthracene and T1 in the case of camphorthione). Capsules ability to confine guests and the resulting photochemical intermediates has been tested by examining the photochemistry of 1‐phenyl‐3‐para‐tolyl‐2‐propanone. The radicals resulting from the Norrish type 1 cleavage of 1‐phenyl‐3‐para‐tolyl‐2‐propanone did not escape the cage and gave products, resulting from 100% cage effect. Availability of TATA and iTATA along with already reported similar cavitands expands the list of water‐soluble capsule forming cavitands that could be used as molecular containers.
On reachable set estimation of two‐dimensional systems described by the Roesser model with time‐varying delays
Authors: Trinh Hieu , Hien Le Van 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of reachable set estimation of two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete‐time systems described by the Roesser model with interval time‐varying delays is considered for the first time. New 2‐D weighted summation inequalities, which provide a tighter lower bound than the commonly used Jensen summation inequality, are proposed. Based on the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional approach, and by using the 2‐D weighted summation inequalities presented in this paper, new delay‐dependent conditions are derived to ensure the existence of an ellipsoid that bounds the system states in the presence of bounded disturbances. The derived conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved by various computational tools to determine a smallest possible ellipsoidal bound. Applications to exponential stability analysis of 2‐D systems with delays are also presented. The effectiveness of the obtained results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Long search intervals underestimate bird and bat fatalities caused by wind turbines
Authors: Smallwood Kenneth Shawn 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBird and bat fatality estimates based on scientific monitoring are used to assess and compare impacts among wind energy projects. Fatality estimates are influenced by multiple factors, including variation in methodology. Variation in the interval between fatality searches exemplifies a monitoring decision that can potentially confound comparison of fatality estimates. A study at the Sand Hill portion of the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California, USA, provided the first opportunity to compare fatality‐rate estimates derived from 2 independent, experienced monitoring teams searching the same wind turbines at 2 different periodic intervals. Over 30 months of monitoring the same wind turbines, April 2012–October 2014, searches averaging 5‐day intervals detected 308 additional fatalities (of 431 fatalities total) representing 20 additional species (of 32 species total) compared with the searches averaging 39‐day intervals. Body mass explained most of the variation in discrepant fatality detections between the 2 search intervals, with the 39‐day interval searches detecting only 10% of the bats and birds of 10–40 g that were found by the 5‐day interval searches. The 39‐day search interval produced an estimate of annual bird fatalities/MW that was 39% lower than the estimate produced from the 5‐day search interval. The 39‐day search interval also resulted in many more species identification errors and greater errors in estimated time since death. The average search interval used in fatality monitoring strongly influences fatality estimates; long intervals can contribute to false impressions that wind projects have small or negligible effects on small birds and bats. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: clinical, molecular and therapeutical novelties
Authors: Maiorana Arianna , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI) is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in children. Impairment of cellular pathways involved in insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells, broadly classified as channelopathies and metabolopathies, have been discovered in the past two decades. The increasing use of NGS target panels, combined with clinical, biochemical and imaging findings allows differentiating the diagnostic management of children with focal forms, surgically curable, from those with diffuse forms, more conservatively treated with pharmacological and nutritional interventions. Specific approaches according to the subtype of HI have been established and novel therapies are currently under investigation. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, HI remains an important cause of morbidity in children, still accounting for 26–44% of permanent intellectual disabilities, especially in neonatal‐onset patients. Initial insult from recurrent hypoglycemia in early life greatly contributes to the poor outcomes. Therefore, patients need to be rapidly identified and treated aggressively, and require at follow‐up a complex and regular monitoring, managed by a multidisciplinary HI team. This review gives an overview on the more recent diagnostic and therapeutic tools, on the novel drug and nutritional therapies, and on the long‐term neurological outcomes.
The big‐fish‐little‐pond effect on mathematics self‐concept: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Areepattamannil Shaljan , Khine Myint Swe , Al Nuaimi Samira 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examined the big‐fish‐little‐pond effect (BFLPE; Marsh, 1987) on mathematics self‐concept of 7404 adolescents (female = 3767 [51%], male = 3637 [49%]; Mage = 15.85 years, SD = 0.28) from 456 schools in the United Arab Emirates, one of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The results of multilevel regression analyses indicated good support for the BFLPE's theoretical predictions: the effect of individual student mathematics achievement on individual student mathematics self‐concept was positive and statistically significant, whereas the effect of school‐average mathematics achievement on individual student mathematics self‐concept was negative and statistically significant. Moreover, the interaction between school‐average mathematics achievement and individual student mathematics achievement was small and non‐significant. Implications of the findings for policy and practice are briefly discussed.
Lifetime use of psychiatric medications and cognition at 43 years of age in schizophrenia in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Hulkko A.P. , Murray G.K. , Moilanen J. , Haapea M. , Rannikko I. , Jones P.B. , Barnett J.H. , Huhtaniska S. , Isohanni M.K. , Koponen H. , Jääskeläinen E. , Miettunen J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:Higher lifetime antipsychotic exposure has been associated with poorer cognition in schizophrenia. The cognitive effects of adjunctive psychiatric medications and lifetime trends of antipsychotic use remain largely unclear. We aimed to study how lifetime and current benzodiazepine and antidepressant medications, lifetime trends of antipsychotic use and antipsychotic polypharmacy are associated with cognitive performance in midlife schizophrenia.Methods:Sixty participants with DSM-IV schizophrenia from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 were examined at 43 years of age with an extensive cognitive test battery. Cumulative lifetime and current use of psychiatric medications were collected from medical records and interviews. The associations between medication and principal component analysis-based cognitive composite score were analysed using linear regression.Results:Lifetime cumulative DDD years of benzodiazepine and antidepressant medications were not significantly associated with global cognition. Being without antipsychotic medication (for minimum 11 months) before the cognitive examination was associated with better cognitive performance (P= 0.007) and higher lifetime cumulative DDD years of antipsychotics with poorer cognition (P= 0.020), when adjusted for gender, onset age and lifetime hospital treatment days. Other lifetime trends of antipsychotic use, such as a long antipsychotic-free period earlier in the treatment history, and antipsychotic polypharmacy, were not significantly associated with cognition.Conclusions:Based on these naturalistic data, low exposure to adjunctive benzodiazepine and antidepressant medications does not seem to affect cognition nor explain the possible negative effects of high dose long-term antipsychotic medication on cognition in schizophrenia.
Acceleration of skin wound healing by low‐dose indirect ionizing radiation in male rats
Authors: Jabbari Nasrollah , Farjah Gholam Hossein , Ghadimi Behnam , Zanjani Hajar , Heshmatian Behnam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA recent hypothesis has revealed that low‐dose irradiation (LDI) with ionizing radiation might have a promoting effect on fracture healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of direct (electron beam) and indirect (gamma‐ray) low‐dose ionizing irradiations on the wound healing process in male rats. In 72 male rats, a full‐thickness wound was incised. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups, each with 24 rats. The first two groups were named IG–I and IG–II and respectively exposed to electron and gamma‐radiations (75 cGy) immediately after the surgical procedure. The third group was considered as the control (CG) and remained untreated. Skin biopsies from the subgroups were collected on days 3, 7, 15, and 21 after the operation and evaluated using histological and biomechanical methods. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS 20 software. Histological studies of tissues showed that the mean number of fibroblasts, macrophages, blood vessel sections, and neutrophils on the third and seventh days after the surgery in the gamma‐treated group was higher than that in both other groups. In contrast, on day 21, the mean number of mentioned cells in the gamma‐treated group was lower than in the other two groups. In addition, the mean maximum stress value was significantly greater in the gamma‐treated group. Results of this study showed that gamma‐ray irradiation is effective in the acceleration of wound healing.
Measuring Physical and Cognitive Fatigue in People With Post‐Polio Syndrome: Development of the Neurological Fatigue Index for Post‐Polio Syndrome (NFI‐PP)
Authors: Young Carolyn A. , Wong Samantha M. , Quincey Anne‐Marie C. , Tennant Alan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundFatigue in post‐polio syndrome (PPS) has been shown to affect quality of life adversely. There is currently no disease‐specific measure of fatigue for PPS.ObjectiveTo develop a scale to measure fatigue in PPS that meets rigorous psychometric standards.DesignQualitative followed by validation and test‐retest studies.SettingPolio clinic followed by national questionnaire studies.ParticipantsA total of 45 participants from polio clinic for qualitative; 319 participants from clinic or self‐referral for validation study, of whom 87 completed the retest questionnaire.MethodsDraft questionnaire items on PPS fatigue were derived from transcripts of qualitative interviews. After cognitive debriefing, the draft measure was administered by mail along with comparator questionnaires to a new sample.Main Outcome MeasurementsDraft PPS fatigue measure, Fatigue Severity Scale, and visual analog scale for fatigue.ResultsAnalysis of 271 of 319 (85%) questionnaires identified a 2‐factor solution (RMSEA 0.058). For the physical subscale, a 20‐item scale showed good fit (χ2 P = .189), strict unidimensionality (t‐test 5.17%), and reliability 0.91. For the cognitive subscale, a 7‐item scale showed excellent fit (χ2 P = .917), strict unidimensionality (t‐test 5.2%), and reliability 0.89. Evidence of a “difficulty factor” emerged also supporting a total score that showed good fit (χ2 P = .151), strict unidimensionality (t‐test 0.4%), and reliability consistent with group use at 0.73. Test‐retest correlations for all scales were greater than 0.85. Standard error of measurement on metric ranges was 5.4 for total, 2.9 for physical, and 1.69 for cognitive domains. With the latent estimate of the total score transformed to a 0‐100 scale, the mean score was 49.5 (SD 6.9). Spearman correlations with the Fatigue Severity Scale and visual analog scale were 0.60 and 0.55, respectively.ConclusionsA patient‐derived Neurological Fatigue Index for PPS, with physical and cognitive subscales and a total score, has demonstrated good reliability, appropriate concurrent validity, and satisfies the Rasch measurement model. A raw‐score to interval scale transformation is available for parametric applications and the calculation of change scores.Level of EvidenceIII
Epidemiology of electrical and lightning-related injuries among Canadian children and youth, 1997-2010: A Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) study
Authors: Böhrer Madeleine , Stewart Samuel A. , Hurley Katrina F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionAlthough death due to electrical injury and lightning are rare in children, these injuries are often preventable. Twenty years ago, most injuries occurred at home, precipitated by oral contact with electrical cords, contact with wall sockets and faulty electrical equipment. We sought to assess the epidemiology of electrical injuries in children presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) that participate in the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP).MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of electrical and lightning injury data from CHIRPP. The study population included children and youth aged 0-19 presenting to participating CHIRPP EDs from 1997-2010. Age, sex, year, setting, circumstance and disposition were extracted. Variables were tested using Fisher’s exact test and simple linear regression.ResultsThe dataset included 1183 electrical injuries, with 84 (7%) resulting in hospitalization. Most events occurred at home in the 2-5 year age group and affected the hands. Since 1997 there has been a gradual decrease in the number of electrical injuries per year (p<0.01) and there is an annual surge in electrical injuries over the summer (p<0.01). Forty-six percent of injuries involved electrical outlets, 65% of injuries involved some sort of electrical equipment. Injuries due to lightning were rare (n=19). No deaths were recorded in the database.ConclusionDespite the decrease in the number of electrical injuries per year, a large portion of injuries still appear to be preventable. Further research should focus on effective injury prevention strategies.
Firearm “Rights” in Canada: Law and History in the Debates over Gun Control
Authors: Brown R. Blake 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article explains why and how some Canadians have asserted a right to possess firearms from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. It demonstrates that several late-nineteenth-century politicians asserted a right to arms for self-defence purposes based on the English Bill of Rights. This “right” was forgotten until opponents of gun control dusted it off in the late twentieth century. Firearm owners began to assert such a right based upon the English Bill of Rights, William Blackstone, and the English common law. Their claims remained judicially untested until recent cases finally undermined such arguments.
Concomitant imaging and genetic findings in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Gruber M , Brown C , Mahadevan M , Neeff M 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjective:To describe the concomitant imaging and genetic findings in children diagnosed with non-syndromic unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 60 children diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2015 in a tertiary-level paediatric institution.Results:Average age at diagnosis was 4.3 years. All children were considered non-syndromic. Hearing loss was categorised as mild (17 children), moderate (17 children), severe (7 children) or profound (19 children). Imaging was performed in 43 children (71.66 per cent). Nineteen patients (44.2 per cent) had positive computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings. Genetic testing was performed in 51 children (85 per cent). Sixteen children (31 per cent) tested positive to connexin 26 (GJB2); 1 patient (2 per cent) had a homozygous mutation of GJB2 and 15 were heterozygous carriers. Amongst children who tested positive as heterozygous carriers of a GJB2 mutation, there was a high rate of positive imaging findings (47 per cent compared to 37.2 per cent in the total cohort). A genetic abnormality was confirmed in 50 per cent of children with positive imaging findings who underwent genetic testing.Conclusion:Rates of concomitant imaging and genetic findings suggest that both investigations are of value in the study of these patients.
The threat of road expansion in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Gallice Geoffrey R. , Larrea-Gallegos Gustavo , Vázquez-Rowe Ian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe construction of roads and other large-scale infrastructure projects, and the secondary impacts they precipitate, are among the key drivers of change in tropical forests. The proposed expansion of a road in the buffer zones of Peru's Manu National Park and Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, in the country's Amazon region, threatens biodiversity and indigenous communities in one of the world's most species-rich and environmentally sensitive rainforest areas. In particular, road expansion is likely to result in uncontrolled colonization, deforestation, and the illicit extraction of timber and other natural resources, as well as an increase in social conflict between resource extractors and indigenous communities. Furthermore, the development of infrastructure in the Manu region puts at risk Peru's international commitments regarding climate change by promoting, rather than avoiding, forest loss. A number of viable alternatives to further road expansion are available to achieve economic development and improved mobility in Manu, including agricultural intensification, improved land-use planning, and a less invasive transportation infrastructure. Given the growth in the global road network expected in the coming decades, as well as the common factors underlying the expansion of such infrastructure across tropical, developing countries, the issues surrounding road expansion in Manu and the compromise solutions that we propose are broadly applicable to efforts to achieve sustainable development in other remote, tropical regions.
Mechanism of dexamethasone in the context ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection
Authors: ZHANG JING , QIN XIN , ZHU YU , ZHANG SHUANG , ZHANG XUE-WEI , LU HE 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is a serious zoonoses disease and opportunistic, and can be life-threatening. Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used in the clinic for treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, long-term use of DEX is often easy to lead to acute toxoplasmosis in patients, and the potential molecular mechanism is still not very clear. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of DEX on proliferation of Toxoplasma and its molecular mechanisms, and to establish the corresponding control measures. All the results showed that dexamethasone could enhance the proliferation ofToxoplasma gondiitachyzoites. After 72 h of DEX treatment, 566 (±7) tachyzoites were found in 100 host cells, while only 86 (±8) tachyzoites were counted from the non-treated control cells (P< 0·01). Gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed changes in level and composition of fatty acids in DEX-treated host cells, andT. gondii. Fish oil was added as a modulator of lipid metabolism in experimental mice. It was found that mice fed with fish oil did not develop the disease after infection withT. gondii, and the structure of fatty acids in plasma changed significantly. The metabolism of fatty acid in the parasites was limited, and the desaturase gene expression was downregulated. These results indicate that the molecular mechanism of dexamethasone to promote the proliferation ofT. gondiimay be that dexamethasone induces the change of fatty acids composition of tachyzoites and host cells. Therefore, we recommend supplementation of fatty acid in immunosuppressive and immunocompromised patients in order to inhibit toxoplasmosis.
Können schriftliche Informationen oder eine Beratung (WOMAN-PRO II Programm) bei Frauen mit vulvären Neoplasien die Patientenzufriedenheit und den Versorgungsprozess verbessern?
Authors: Gehrig Larissa , Kobleder Andrea , Werner Birgit , Denhaerynck Kris , Senn Beate 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Patientinnen mit vulvären Neoplasien berichten über Informationsmangel, fehlende Förderung des Selbstmanagements und Lücken im Versorgungsprozess. Fragestellung: Können schriftliche Informationen oder eine Beratung basierend auf dem WOMAN-PRO II Programm bei Frauen mit vulvären Neoplasien die Patientenzufriedenheit sowie den Versorgungsprozess aus Sicht des Behandlungspersonals verbessern? Methode: Die Patientenzufriedenheit und der Versorgungsprozess wurden innerhalb der multizentrischen randomisiert kontrollierten Phase II-Studie (Clinical Trial ID: NCT01986725) als sekundäre Outcomes erfasst. Die Patientenzufriedenheit bewerteten 49 Frauen nach schriftlicher Information (n = 13) und Beratung (n = 36), in vier Spitälern (CH, AUT) mittels PACIC-S11. Den Versorgungsprozess bewerteten zehn Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) mittels G-ACIC vor und nach der Implementierung der Beratung. Ergebnisse: Es konnten keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede identifiziert werden (p = 0,25). Nur wenige Aspekte wurden von allen Frauen hoch bewertet, z. B. die Gesamtzufriedenheit (M = 80,3 %) und die Zufriedenheit mit der Organisation (M = 83,0 %). Die Beurteilung der APNs des Versorgungsprozesses bei Patientinnen, die eine Beratung erhielten, verbesserte sich signifikant (p = 0,031). Schlussfolgerung: Es gibt Hinweise, dass die Interventionen in der Praxis zu einer höheren Patientenzufriedenheit und die Beratung zu einer optimierten Versorgung beitragen könnten. Die tief bewerteten Aspekte im PACIC-S11 und G-ACIC weisen auf Optimierungsmöglichkeiten im Versorgungsprozess hin.