bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine‐Catalyzed Reactions Between α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Cyclopentadiene: A Convenient Approach to 1,2‐ and 1,5‐Dihydropentalenes.
Authors: GRIESBECK A. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of cyclopentadiene (I) with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds is catalyzed by pyrrolidine to yield Diels‐Alder adducts such as (III) or pentafulvalenes such as (V) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Group Manipulation Along the Perimeter of a Hemispherical Molecule. Synthesis of Dihydro‐ and Tetrahydro‐C16‐hexaquinacene.
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , GALATSIS P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe diol (I), obtained by reduction of the corresponding dione, is converted to the bis(phenylthio) derivative (III) which is desulfurized by treatment with lithium in liquid ammonia to form the tetrahydro‐C16‐hexaquinacene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidant Effect and Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Sulfides.
Authors: ASAKURA K. , MATSUMURA S. , YOSHIKAWA S. , KAWADA K. , UCHIBORI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEthanethiol (I) reacts with o‐vinylphenol (IIa) or p‐vinylphenol (IIb) to give the thioethers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of F‐Alkyl‐Substituted Vinyl Thionium Ion Intermediates and Their Reaction with Silyl Enol Ethers. A New Route to δ‐F‐Alkyl‐α,β;γ,δ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: ISHIHARA T. , SHINOZAKI T. , KUROBOSHI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fluoroalkenyl sulfoxides (I) are treated with trimethylsilyl triflate (II) to give the thionium salts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Scope of Tandem Cycloaddition/Radical Cyclization Methodology.
Authors: GHOSH T. , HART H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCoupling of 2‐bromobenzyl bromide (II) with lithiated furan yields the derivative (III) which undergoes Diels‐Alder reaction with benzyne, generated in situ from anthranilic acid (IV) and isoamyl nitrite.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of 1‐(2‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)‐2‐methyl‐4‐ketodecahydroquinoline and Corresponding Acetylenic Alcohols.
Authors: PRALIEV K. D. , FISHCHUK E. V. , ROZHNOV V. B. , KURBAT N. M. , VDOVICHENKO V. P. , STANKEVICH P. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the propenyl cyclohexenyl ketone (I) with the dimethoxyphenethylamine (II) gives the perhydroquinolone (III) which is coupled with the acetylene (IV), producing the ethynyl carbinols (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Cycloaddition Route to 14‐Hydroxy Steroids.
Authors: KIRSCH G. , GOLDE R. , NEEF G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acylnitroso compound, prepared in situ by oxidation of the N‐hydroxy carbamate (VII), reacts with the steroidal dienol (I), yielding the isomeric adducts (III) and (IV) which can be hydrogenated to give the diastereomeric alcohols (VI) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Synthesis of C‐(α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl)alkenes and ‐alkadienes: Diels‐Alder Reaction.
Authors: DE GARCIA GARCIA MARTIN M. , HORTON D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the α‐C‐glucosylalkadiene (III) or the α‐C‐glucosylpropene (V) is achieved by reaction of the p‐nitrobenzoate (I) with the trimethylsilylalkadiene (II) or the silylalkene (IV) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate.
ChemInform Abstract: Montmorillonite‐Supported Transition Metal Salts as Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation Catalysts.
Authors: CLARK J. H. , KYBETT A. P. , MACQUARRIE D. J. , BARLOW S. J. , LANDON P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetal halides, fixed on montmorillonite K10, are used as catalysts in the alkylation of benzene (I), fluorobenzene (IV), and phenol (VIII) as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Spectral Data and Extraction of Copper by 1‐(2′‐Hydroxy‐5′‐alkylphenyl)‐1‐alkanone Oximes.
Authors: KRZYZANOWSKA E. , OLSZANOWSKI A. , JUSKOWIAK M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title oximes (VIII) are prepared by standard methods as shown in the scheme; the oximes (IX) are analogously prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Ti(IV)‐Mediated Transesterification and Regio‐ and Stereospecific Cycloaddition of Imines of α‐Amino Esters, Reversal of Normal Regiochemistry.
Authors: BARR D. A. , GRIGG R. , SRIDHARAN V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐arylmethylenamino esters (I) react with methyl acrylate (II) in the presence of tris(isopropoxy)titanium chloride (III) to give the pyrrolidinedicarboxylates (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiohydrazides and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles by Hydrazinolysis of Dithiocarboxylic Esters.
Authors: THIEL W. , MAYER R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhereas the reaction of dithioesters such as (II) or (VI) with excess hydrazine (IV) gives stable thiohydrazides such as (I) or (V), reaction with 0.5 equiv. (IV) affords thiadiazoles such as (III), (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Acetoxy‐9‐selenabicyclo(3.3.1)‐non‐2‐ene: An Unexpected Product of the Se(IV)‐Oxidation of 1,5‐Cyclooctadiene.
Authors: DEHMLOW E. V. , STIEHM T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe compounds (IV) are obtained in the course of investigations of the functionalization of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxo‐Bridged Complexes of Iron(III) Derived from 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole and 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole Ligands.
Authors: WAHLGREN C. G. , ADDISON A. W. , BURMAN S. , THOMPSON L. K. , SINN E. , ROWE T. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oxo‐bridged Fe(III) complexes (I) are prepared and characterized by their magnetic susceptibility and EPR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Bidentate Silicon Containing Ligand: Cyclopentadienyldimethylsilane.
Authors: COLOMER E. , CORRIU R. J. P. , PLEIXATS R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dimethylsilylcyclopentadienide anion undergoes cleavage of the Si‐cyclopentadienyl bond on attempted complexation with transitions metals.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐1λ4,3λ4,5λ4‐trithia‐2,4,6,8,9‐pentaaza# bicyclo(3.3.1)nona‐1(9),2,3,5,7‐pentaene as Ligand in Coordination Chemistry.
Authors: MAGGIULLI R. , MEWS R. , STOHRER W.‐D. , NOLTEMEYER M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany possibilities exist for the title compound (I) to coordinate to transition‐metal centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Studies of Diamine and Diimine Palladium(II) Complexes of Diethyldithiocarbamate and Binding of These and Analogous Platinum(II) Complexes with DNA.
Authors: MITAL R. , JAIN N. , SRIVASTAVA T. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe three cationic Pd(II) complexes (III) are screened in vitro for antitumor activity against P 388 lymphocytic leukemic cells and show ID50 values lower than those of cisplatin.
Mind the gap: What is driving the survival disparity between the sexes in bladder cancer?
Authors: Harshman Lauren C. 
Published: May 2016

Bladder cancer is well known to preferentially afflict men. However, women are significantly more likely to die of the disease even when corrected for stage, tumor characteristics, and age. In this issue of Cancer, Rose and colleagues highlight concerning disparities in bladder cancer treatment and outcomes between the sexes.See also pages 2012–20.
PMH 9907: Long‐term outcomes of a randomized phase 3 study of short‐term bicalutamide hormone therapy and dose‐escalated external‐beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: McPartlin Andrew J. , Glicksman Rachel , Pintilie Melania , Tsuji Debbie , Mok Gary , Bayley Andrew , Chung Peter , Bristow Robert G. , Gospodarowicz Mary K. , Catton Charles N. , Milosevic Michael , Warde Padraig R. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDThe role of hormone therapy (HT) with dose‐escalated external‐beam radiotherapy (DE‐EBRT) in the treatment of intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (IRPC) remains controversial. The authors report the long‐term outcome of a phase 3 study of DE‐EBRT with or without HT for patients with localized prostate cancer (LPC).METHODSFrom 1999 to 2006, 252 of an intended 338 patients with LPC were randomized to receive DE‐EBRT with or without 5 months of neoadjuvant and concurrent bicalutamide 150 mg once daily. The study was closed early because of contemporary concerns surrounding bicalutamide. The primary outcome was biochemical failure (BF) incidence, and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and quality of life. The BF and OS rates were estimated using the cumulative incidence function and Kaplan‐Meier methods and were compared using the Gray test and the log‐rank test.RESULTSEleven patients were excluded from analysis. Characteristics were well balanced in each treatment arm. Ninety‐five percent of patients had IRPC. The prescribed dose increased from 75.6 grays (Gy) in 42 fractions to 78 Gy in 39 fractions over the period. At a median follow‐up of 9.1 years, 98 BFs occurred, with no significant effect of HT versus no HT on the BF rate (40% vs 47%; P = .32), the OS rate (82% vs 86%; P = .37), the LC rate (52% vs 48 %; P = .32) or quality of life, in the patients who completed the questionnaires. Dose escalation to 75.6 Gy versus >75.6 Gy reduced the BF rate by 26% (P = .004).CONCLUSIONSFor patients who predominantly have IRPC, the addition of HT to DE‐EBRT did not significantly affect BF, OS, or LC. Bicalutamide appeared to be well tolerated. The conclusions from the study are limited by incomplete recruitment. Cancer 2016;122:2595–603. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Use, complications, and costs of stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Halpern Joshua A. , Sedrakyan Art , Hsu Wei‐Chun , Mao Jialin , Daskivich Timothy J. , Nguyen Paul L. , Golden Encouse B. , Kang Josephine , Hu Jim C. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer has potential advantages over traditional radiotherapies. Herein, the authors compared national trends in use, complications, and costs of SBRT with those of traditional radiotherapies.METHODSThe authors identified men who underwent SBRT, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), brachytherapy, and proton beam therapy as primary treatment of prostate cancer between 2004 and 2011 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)‐Medicare linked data. Temporal trend of therapy use was assessed using the Cochran‐Armitage test. Two‐year outcomes were compared using the chi‐square test. Median treatment costs were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis test.RESULTSA total of 542 men received SBRT, 9647 received brachytherapy, 23,408 received IMRT, and 800 men were treated with proton beam therapy. There was a significant increase in the use of SBRT and proton beam therapy (P<.001), whereas brachytherapy use decreased (P<.001). A higher percentage of patients treated with SBRT and brachytherapy had low‐grade cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6 vs ≥ 7) compared with individuals treated with IMRT and proton beam therapy (54.0% and 64.2% vs 35.2% and 49.6%, respectively; P<.001). SBRT compared with brachytherapy and IMRT was associated with equivalent gastrointestinal toxicity but more erectile dysfunction at 2‐year follow‐up (P<.001). SBRT was associated with more urinary incontinence compared with IMRT and proton beam therapy but less compared with brachytherapy (P<.001, respectively). The median cost of SBRT was $27,145 compared with $17,183 for brachytherapy, $37,090 for IMRT, and $54,706 for proton beam therapy (P<.001).CONCLUSIONSThe use of SBRT and proton beam therapy for localized prostate cancer has increased over time. Despite men of lower disease stage undergoing SBRT, SBRT was found to be associated with greater toxicity but lower health care costs compared with IMRT and proton beam therapy. Cancer 2016;122:2496–504. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Epigenetic mechanisms and associated brain circuits in the regulation of positive emotions: A role for transposable elements
Authors: Gaudi Simona , Guffanti Guia , Fallon James , Macciardi Fabio 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTEpigenetic programming and reprogramming are at the heart of cellular differentiation and represent developmental and evolutionary mechanisms in both germline and somatic cell lines. Only about 2% of our genome is composed of protein‐coding genes, while the remaining 98%, once considered “junk” DNA, codes for regulatory/epigenetic elements that control how genes are expressed in different tissues and across time from conception to death. While we already know that epigenetic mechanisms are at play in cancer development and in regulating metabolism (cellular and whole body), the role of epigenetics in the developing prenatal and postnatal brain, and in maintaining a proper brain activity throughout the various stages of life, in addition to having played a critical role in human evolution, is a relatively new domain of knowledge. Here we present the current state‐of‐the‐art techniques and results of these studies within the domain of emotions, and then speculate on how genomic and epigenetic mechanisms can modify and potentially alter our emotional (limbic) brain and affect our social interactions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2944–2954, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐Standing Graphene‐Encapsulated Silicon Nanoparticle Aerogel as an Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Xiaozhen , Jin Yan , Zhu Bin , Tan Yingling , Zhang Su , Zong Linqi , Lu Zhenda , Zhu Jia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSilicon is a remarkable candidate for lithium‐ion battery anodes, due to the highest theoretical specific capacity, low working potential, and abundance on earth. However, the volume of Si changes ≈300 % during the lithiation–delithiation cycling, leading to pulverization and poor electrical contact between Si and the current collector, resulting in fast fading capacity. To overcome these problems, we develop a novel free‐standing anode by encapsulating Si nanoparticles into a lightweight, flexible, and conductive graphene network by utilizing a facile freeze‐drying strategy. The Si nanoparticles are tightly anchored on the ultrathin and flexible graphene sheets, which can serve as mechanical support, electrical network, and buffer layer for Si. This free‐standing aerogel exhibits superior electrochemical performance, and the specific capacity is 617 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.8 A g−1, 4 times that of a traditional Si electrode on Cu foil fabricated by a typical slurry method.
Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy Reveals Multiple Binding Modes between DOPA and Different Rutile Surfaces
Authors: Li Yiran , Liu Huanyu , Wang Tiankuo , Qin Meng , Cao Yi , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInspired by marine mussel adhesive systems, numerous 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)‐containing surface coating materials have been recently designed. It is well known that DOPA has a strong adhesion ability to different kinds of wet surfaces. However, the molecular mechanism of DOPA adhesion remains elusive. Recent biophysical studies of DOPA adhesion by both surface force apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggest that DOPA can bind to a wide range of surfaces exhibiting diverse chemical properties through different binding mechanisms. Here, using AFM‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy, we show that even for chemically well‐defined crystal surfaces, DOPA can bind to them by multiple binding modes. The binding forces between DOPA and different rutile TiO2 surfaces can vary within a broad range from 40–800 pN at a pulling speed of 1000 nm s−1 and are largely dependent on the surface properties. Our findings indicate that the local chemical environment can greatly affect DOPA adhesion, and that single‐molecule force spectroscopy is a unique tool to reveal the heterogeneity of DOPA adhesion to the same surface.
Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots Incorporated into Dye‐Sensitized TiO2 Photoanodes with Dual Contributions
Authors: Shi Yan , Na Yong , Su Ting , Li Liang , Yu Jia , Fan Ruiqing , Yang Yulin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared through bottom‐up synthesis, which possess excitation wavelength‐dependent photoluminescence properties upon excitation by near visible light. For the first time, CQDs were incorporated into N719‐sensitized TiO2 photoelectrodes as the electron‐transport medium, presenting dual contributions to the photo‐to‐electrical energy conversion: 1) spectral response compensation for the dye‐sensitized TiO2 film at around 400 nm was successfully observed in the incident photon‐to‐current conversion measurements; and 2) intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy showed that the electron transport time, charge collection efficiency, and electron diffusion length in the TiO2 electrode were all improved after CQDs incorporation. An example of using the CQDs‐ containing photoanode in a solar cell device resulted in enhancements of 32 % and 21 % for the short‐circuit current density and photo‐to‐electrical conversion efficiency, respectively.
Forest area and connectivity influence root‐associated fungal communities in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Vannette Rachel L. , Leopold Devin R. , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHabitat fragmentation is well known to affect plant and animal diversity as a result of reduced habitat area and connectivity, but its effects on microorganisms are poorly understood. Using high‐throughput sequencing of two regions of the rRNA gene, we studied the effects of forest area and connectivity on the diversity and composition of fungi associated with the roots of the dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, in a lava‐fragmented landscape on the Island of Hawaii. We found that local fungal diversity increased with forest area, whereas fungal species composition was correlated with fragment connectivity. Fragment size and connectivity were significant predictors even when we included environmental covariates, which were also associated with fungal diversity and composition. Fungal species composition was more similar among highly connected fragments than among poorly connected ones. We also identified individual taxa that varied in abundance with connectivity. Taken together, our results show that habitat fragmentation can alter microbial diversity and composition via differential response among fungal phyla and individual taxa to habitat connectivity.
Structures around the Tinjar‐West Baram Line in northern Kalimantan and seafloor spreading in the proto‐South China Sea
Authors: Zheng Q. L. , Li S. Z. , Suo Y. H. , Li X. Y. , Guo L. L. , Wang P. C. , Zhang Y. , Zang Y. B. , Jiang S. H. , Somerville I. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Tinjar‐West Baram Line is a NW‐trending trans‐lithospheric fault in northern Kalimantan; its northwestern extension into the South China Sea (SCS) is the West Baram Line. In this paper, we propose that the geodynamic processes of the proto‐South China Sea (PSCS) played a key role in the formation and evolution of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line, based on previous studies of the strata, crustal thicknesses, gravity anomalies and other characteristics of the blocks adjacent to the Tinjar‐West Baram Line and the palaeomagnetic‐based plate reconstructions of the PSCS. The Tinjar‐West Baram Line has a close link to the subduction of the PSCS. Structural restoration reveals that (1) before 35 Ma, the Tinjar‐West Baram Line was a NE‐trending transform fault, which is consistent with the NE‐trending strike‐slip faults widely distributed in the East Asian Continental Margin, in the PSCS. (2) From the perspective of tectonic evolution, the extinction of the PSCS and the spreading of the SCS drove the Luconia Block in the northern SCS to accrete to the western side of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line. This process resulted in a contrast of crustal rocks adjacent to the Tinjar‐West Baram Line; to the east of this line, the Nansha Trough is oceanic crust, whereas to the west of this line the Luconia Block has an affinity with continental crust. The velocity and thickness of the crust show great differences on either side of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line. (3) The kinematic analysis of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line reveals that the collisional orogeny between the Luconia and Kalimantan blocks happened at 45–37 Ma on the west of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line; on its eastern side, the Nansha Trough was subducting south towards Kalimantan Island. During the interval 35–10 Ma, the kinematics of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line shows a feature of dextral strike‐slip faulting. (4) The earlier published palaeomagnetic data show that the Kalimantan Block experienced a counterclockwise rotation of about 50° during the period from 25 to 10 Ma. In addition, the exert counterclockwise rotation of about 20° of the Tinjar‐West Baram Line happened due to the resistance of the Luconia Block. Therefore, the Tinjar‐West Baram Line changed from an early NE‐trending to late NW‐trending structure which results in its present day tectonic framework. Thus, we suggest that the Tinjar‐West Baram Line was originally a NE‐trending transform fault of the PSCS extending to the continental crust. Subsequently, the Tinjar‐West Baram Line became the western border of the PSCS, accompanying the collisional orogeny between the Luconia and Kalimantan blocks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐6‐specific autoantibodies among APECED and thymoma patients
Authors: Kärner Jaanika , Pihlap Maire , Ranki Annamari , Krohn Kai , Trebusak Podkrajsek Katarina , Bratanic Nina , Battelino Tadej , Willcox Nick , Peterson Pärt , Kisand Kai 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBoth autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) and the rare thymoma patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) have neutralizing autoantibodies to Th17 cytokines and significant defects in production of IL‐22 and IL‐17F by their T cells. The cause of these defects is unknown. We hypothesized that they might result from autoimmunity against upstream cytokines normally responsible for generating and maintaining Th17 cells.MethodsLuciferase immunoprecipitation (LIPS) was used to screen for autoantibodies to IL‐6, IL‐1β, TGF‐β3, IL‐21, and IL‐23 in patients with APECED or thymoma. We used Western blotting to assess the conformation‐dependence of the IL‐6 autoantibodies and flow cytometric analysis of intracellular phospho‐STAT3 induction to assess IL‐6‐neutralizing capacity in IgGs isolated from patient and control sera. We also used Luminex xMAP to measure serum cytokine levels.ResultsWe found autoantibodies binding to conformational epitopes of IL‐6 in 19.5% of 41 patients with APECED and 12.5% of 104 with thymoma—especially in those with long disease durations. The autoantibodies were predominantly of IgG1 subclass and failed to neutralize IL‐6 activity. Notably, serum levels of the IL‐6 and IL‐17A cytokines were higher in anti‐IL‐6 seropositive than—negative APECED patients or healthy controls. We also detected autoantibody binding to IL‐23 in 27.9% of thymoma patients, resulting from cross‐recognition through the p40 subunit it shares with IL‐12.ConclusionsIL‐6 and IL‐17A elevation in these seropositive patients suggests that antibody‐binding may protect IL‐6 from degradation and prolong its half‐life in vivo.
Fluorescent probes for nanoscopy: four categories and multiple possibilities
Authors: Ni Ming , Zhuo Shuangmu , So Peter T. C. , Yu Hanry 
Published: May 2016

Nanoscopy enables breaking down the light diffraction limit and reveals the nanostructures of objects being studied using light. In 2014, three scientists pioneered the development of nanoscopy and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This recognized the achievement of the past twenty years in the field of nanoscopy. However, fluorescent probes used in the field of nanoscopy are still numbered. Here, we review the currently available four categories of probes and existing methods to improve the performance of probes.
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