bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABCA3 mutations led to pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema with pulmonary hypertension in an 8‐year‐old girl
Authors: Ota Chiharu , Kimura Masato , Kure Shigeo 
Published: January 2016

SummaryABCA3 is highly expressed in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells and is associated with surfactant homeostasis. Patients with ABCA3 mutations develop various respiratory complications, such as fatal respiratory distress syndrome or interstitial lung disease. We describe a patient with pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema with pulmonary hypertension, associated with compound heterozygous mutations of the ABCA3 gene. This is the first report showing that mutations in the ABCA3 gene lead to pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, including combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, in childhood. Treatment with prostacyclin analogue, warfarin, and inhaled oxygen was effective to improve patient's hemodynamic condition as well as pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:E21–E23. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1,3,5‐Trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)‐Based Sheet Explosive Formulation with a Hybrid Binder System
Authors: Jangid Suresh Kumar , Singh Mrityunjay Kumar , Solanki Vasant Jadavji , Talawar Mahadev Bhimappa , Nath Tribhuvan , Sinha Rabindra Kumar , Asthana Srinandan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA plastic‐bonded explosive (PBX) in the form of a sheet was formulated comprising of 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) and an hybrid binder system containing a linear thermoplastic polyurethane and a fluoroelastomer (Viton). The effect of a fluoroelastomer on the explosive as well as mechanical properties and thermal behavior of sheet explosive formulations were investigated and compared with a control formulation containing 90 % of RDX and 10 % of natural rubber (ISNR‐5). The replacement of 10 % natural rubber by a hybrid binder system led to an increase in the velocity of detonation (VOD) of the order of 250–950 m s−1 and better mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength (1.9–2.5 MPa) compared to the control formulation (RDX/ISNR‐5 (90/10)). The compatibility of ingredients and thermal decomposition kinetics of selected sheet explosive formulations were investigated by vacuum stability tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results suggested better compatibility of RDX with the hybrid binder system (polyurethane/Viton), which is useful to reduce potential hazards in handling, processing, and storage.
Trace element analysis of extraterrestrial metal samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: the standard solutions and digesting acids
Authors: Wang Guiqin , Wu Yangsiqian , Lin Yangting 
Published: January 2016

RationaleNearly 99% of the total content of extraterrestrial metals is composed of Fe and Ni, but with greatly variable trace element contents. The accuracy obtained in the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis of solutions of these samples can be significantly influenced by matrix contents, polyatomic ion interference, and the concentrations of external standard solutions.MethodsAn ICP‐MS instrument (X Series 2) was used to determine 30 standard solutions with different concentrations of trace elements, and different matrix contents. Based on these measurements, the matrix effects were determined. Three iron meteorites were dissolved separately in aqua regia and HNO3. Deviations due to variation of matrix contents in the external standard solutions were evaluated and the analysis results of the two digestion methods for iron meteorites were assessed.ResultsOur results show obvious deviations due to unmatched matrix contents in the external standard solutions. Furthermore, discrepancy in the measurement of some elements was found between the sample solutions prepared with aqua regia and HNO3, due to loss of chloride during sample preparation and/or incomplete digestion of highly siderophile elements in iron meteorites.ConclusionsAn accurate ICP‐MS analysis method for extraterrestrial metal samples has been established using external standard solutions with matched matrix contents and digesting the samples with HNO3and aqua regia. Using the data from this work, the Mundrabilla iron meteorite previously classified as IAB‐ung is reclassified as IAB‐MG. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatography/chemical ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of anabolic steroids: ionization and collision‐induced dissociation behavior
Authors: Polet Michael , Van Gansbeke Wim , Van Eenoo Peter , Deventer Koen 
Published: January 2016

RationaleThe detection of new anabolic steroid metabolites and new designer steroids is a challenging task in doping analysis. Switching from electron ionization gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/EI‐MS/MS) to chemical ionization (CI) has proven to be an efficient way to increase the sensitivity of GC/MS/MS analyses and facilitate the detection of anabolic steroids. CI also extends the possibilities of GC/MS/MS analyses as the molecular ion is retained in its protonated form due to the softer ionization. In EI it can be difficult to find previously unknown but expected metabolites due to the low abundance or absence of the molecular ion and the extensive (and to a large extent unpredictable) fragmentation. The main aim of this work was to study the CI and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) behavior of a large number of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) as their trimethylsilyl derivatives in order to determine correlations between structures and CID fragmentation. Clarification of these correlations is needed for the elucidation of structures of unknown steroids and new metabolites.MethodsThe ionization and CID behavior of 65 AAS have been studied using GC/CI‐MS/MS with ammonia as the reagent gas. Glucuronidated AAS reference standards were first hydrolyzed to obtain their free forms. Afterwards, all the standards were derivatized to their trimethylsilyl forms. Full scan and product ion scan analyses were used to examine the ionization and CID behavior.ResultsFull scan and product ion scan analyses revealed clear correlations between AAS structure and the obtained mass spectra. These correlations were confirmed by analysis of multiple hydroxylated, methylated, chlorinated and deuterated analogs.ConclusionsAAS have been divided into three groups according to their ionization behavior and into seven groups according to their CID behavior. Correlations between fragmentation and structure were revealed and fragmentation pathways were postulated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new system for evaluation of armrest use in robotic surgery and validation of a new ergonomic concept – armrest load
Authors: Yang K. , Perez M. , Perrenot C. , Hubert N. , Felblinger J. , Hubert J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe da Vinci robot provides a sitting position and an armrest to decrease workload and increase dexterity. We investigated the surgeon's ergonomic behaviour by installing force sensors on the dV‐Trainer® simulator's armrest to measure the 'armrest load' during the performance of simulated exercises.MethodsFive experts and 48 novices performed two robotic simulation exercises on the dV‐Trainer. We calculated the armrest load and evaluated their armrest‐using habits. Overall score and workspace range were evaluated automatically by the simulator and compared with armrest load.ResultsStatistically significant differences exist for overall score, workspace range and armrest load between novices and experts.ConclusionThe armrest load score is a direct, sensitive measure for the ergonomic evaluation of a simulator's armrest use. This experience‐dependent ergonomic difference between experts and novices (p = 0.007) highlights the importance of ergonomic training for novice robot users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
8‐(4‐aminophenyl)BODIPYs as fluorescent pH probes: facile synthesis, computational study and lysosome imaging
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Fang Hong‐mei , Zhang Xiao‐tai , Wang Shu , Xing Guo‐wen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFive novel BODIPY‐based dyes (3 a‐e) were facilely synthesized via Buchwald‐Hartwig cross coupling reaction. The 8‐(4‐aminophenyl)BODIPYs can be used as fluorescent pH probes with broad response ranges. Low fluorescence intensities of 3a–e were observed under neutral or weak acidic conditions, whereas, the fluorescence signals significantly increased with further decreasing pH values, indicating that they are highly sensitive to acidic pH alterations. Fluorescence response mechanism of the probes to pH is based on the photo‐induced electron transfer (PET), which was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent‐density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. Cell imaging experiments demonstrated 3 b (pKa 3.59) was a novel lysosome‐targeting probe with excellent membrane permeability, high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as low cytotoxicity. In addition, probes 3 a and 3 d with pKa 2.66, 2.51 could be potential for detecting extremely acidic conditions in bacteria.
Transformational responses to climate change: beyond a systems perspective of social change in mitigation and adaptation
Authors: Gillard Ross , Gouldson Andrew , Paavola Jouni , Van Alstine James 
Published: January 2016

There is a growing imperative for responses to climate change to go beyond incremental adjustments, aiming instead for society‐wide transformation. In this context, sociotechnical (ST) transitions and social–ecological (SE) resilience are two prominent normative agendas. Reviewing these literatures reveals how both share a complex‐systems epistemology with inherent limitations, often producing managerial governance recommendations and foregrounding material over social drivers of change. Further interdisciplinary dialogue with social theory is essential if these frameworks are to become more theoretically robust and capable of informing effective, let alone transformational, climate change governance. To illustrate this potential, ideas from Deleuze and Guattari's political writing as well as other approaches that utilize the notion social fields (as opposed to sociosystems) are combined to more fully theorize the origins and enactment of social change. First, the logic of systems is replaced with the contingency of assemblages to reveal how pluralism, not elitism, can produce more ambitious and politicized visions of the future. In particular, this view encourages us to see social and ecological tensions as opportunities for thinking and acting differently rather than as mere technical problems to be solved. Secondly, the setting of social fields is introduced to situate and explain the power of ideas and the role of agency in times of uncertainty. The potential of such insights is already visible in some strands of climate change mitigation and adaptation research, but more needs to be done to advance this field and to bring it into dialogue with the mainstream systems based literature. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:251–265. doi: 10.1002/wcc.384This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Could the mosaic pattern of chromosomal abnormality predict overall survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome?
Authors: Uyanik Mehmet Sevki , Demir Ahmet Muzaffer , Kurt Idris , Maden Muhammet , Puyan Fulya Oz , Gurkan Hakan , Umit Elif Gulsum , Pamuk Gulsum Emel 
Published: January 2016

Objective/background:
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of monoclonal hematopoietic diseases consisting of a number of various entities. The presence of differences in chromosomal content of cells within the same individual is known as chromosomal mosaicism. The impact of mosaic pattern on the prognosis of MDS has been unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of mosaic pattern on the survival of patients with MDS.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated 119 patients diagnosed with MDS at the Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology. Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa banding was used to evaluate chromosomal abnormality.
The effect of chromosomal abnormality mosaicism on overall survival and transformation to acute leukemia was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Results:
The mean age at diagnosis was 66.3 years, and the mean disease duration was 24.2 months. Chromosomal abnormality was observed in 32.5% of patients. Patients with chromosomal abnormalities comprising at least 50% metaphases had significantly lower overall survival than patients with abnormality comprising up to 50% of all abnormal metaphases (p = .003). There were no differences in transformation to acute leukemia among patients with higher and lower chromosomal mosaicism (p = .056).

Conclusion:
The most important outcome of this study was to demonstrate worse overall survival rates in MDS patients with higher abnormal chromosomal mosaicism than patients with lesser abnormal chromosomal mosaicism. Higher levels of abnormal chromosomal mosaicism did not predict transformation to acute leukemia. The cause of worse outcomes of patients with higher abnormal chromosomal mosaicism may be related to clonal mass.
Post‐marketing surveillance on the long‐term use of dabigatran in Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Preliminary report of the J‐dabigatran surveillance
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Atarashi Hirotsugu , Okumura Ken , Koretsune Yukihiro , Yasaka Masahiro , Yamashita Takeshi , Ohnishi Makiko , Yagi Nobutaka , Fukaya Taku ,   J‐Dabigatran Surveillance Investigators
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground/aimA post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) study is being conducted to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the long‐term use of dabigatran etexilate (dabigatran) in Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Results of an interim analysis of this prospective cohort study including patient characteristics and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) collected up to September 17, 2014 are reported here.MethodsPatients with NVAF who began to receive dabigatran for the first time from December 2011 to November 2013 were enrolled at 1042 study sites in Japan. Clinical parameters included patient characteristics, dabigatran dose strength, concomitant medications and outcome events. All outcome events were collected as serious and non‐serious adverse events (AEs). ADRs were evaluated in this report. Pre‐defined safety events of special interest for intensive survey were serious and non‐serious outcome events such as myocardial infarction, as well as the total number of hemorrhage and gastrointestinal disorders.ResultsA total of 6772 patients were registered. The safety analysis set included 6148 patients; mean age was 70.8±9.9 (SD) years: 2323 patients (37.8%) were aged 75 years or older. Males accounted for 66.8% of the patients. Mean CHADS2 score was 1.8±1.3; the CHADS2 score was 0 in 13.6%, 1 in 31.3%, 2 in 25.9%, 3 in 14.9%, and 4 to 6 in 11.1% of the patients. Of the 6148 patients, 1701 patients (27.7%) were switchers from warfarin and 4407 patients (71.7%) were non‐switchers (OAC naïve patients). Treatment adherence was assessed for the first 3 months from the start of treatment for this analysis. Total 5656 patients (92.0%) reported taking dabigatran twice daily (bid) every day according to the label recommendation. During the follow up period [mean duration of follow up: 498±259 days (corresponding to 8386 patient‐years)], pre‐defined safety events of special interest for intensive survey (reported as serious ADRs) were: myocardial infarction, reported in 5 patients (0.06 per 100 patient‐years); serious hemorrhage, reported in 46 patients (0.55 per 100 patient‐years); and gastrointestinal disorders (non‐hemorrhagic), reported in 11 patients (0.13 per 100 patient‐years). Fifteen patients had ADRs with fatal outcome.ConclusionsThe interim findings from this 6148 patient PMS study further corroborate the favorable safety profile of dabigatran as demonstrated previously in controlled clinical trials.(ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01491178.)
‘THROUGH THE NARROW DOOR’: NARRATIVES OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF AFRICAN LAWYERS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Karekwaivanane George H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTGiven the important role played by lawyers in formal legal systems, the study of legal professionals can help us understand the efforts to maintain law and social order in Africa. This article examines the narratives of two Zimbabwean lawyers, Kennedy Sibanda and Honour Mkushi, about their experiences as legal professionals between 1970 and 1990, and makes three main arguments. Firstly, these narratives reveal the complex interplay between individual agency, politics and law across the two decades. Secondly, lawyers' participation in the social and political struggles of the period were informed by a set of personal and professional ethics that were grounded in concerns about the welfare of the wider communities to which they belonged. This highlights the need to avoid a default cynicism with regard to African elites and move instead towards a more nuanced understanding of the motives of such individuals and their contribution to the social, economic and political struggles of which they are a part. Lastly, these lawyers were cross-cultural brokers who were constantly involved in a two-way translation. On the one hand, they translated the concepts and stipulations of state law for their African clients; on the other, they translated their clients' grievances into the language of the law. This process of translation acted as a catalyst in the reshaping of African subjectivities and their conceptions of their relationship with the state, and enabled Africans to assert themselves as rights-bearing citizens.
BEHIND CLOSED GATES: EVERYDAY POLICING IN DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Cooper-Knock Sarah-Jane 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTStudies of everyday policing in predominantly white areas in South Africa often focus on the spectacle of secured architecture and private policing services, concluding that the growth of the private security industry has created atomized units of residence that are alienated from the state. Such conclusions are important but incomplete: they do not look sufficiently behind closed gates to explore how private security is justified, utilized, supplemented or avoided in daily life. In this article, I explore the everyday policing of theft and robbery in a predominantly white policing sector in Durban. I demonstrate that people have not simply transferred their dependence or allegiance from public to private policing. Instead, their approach to everyday policing straddles these two spheres, perpetually disrupts any simple dichotomy between them, and illustrates how all forms of policing are entangled in the wider inequalities and insecurities of post-apartheid South Africa. In making this argument, I highlight how residents remain reliant on the bureaucratic authority of the state police, are distrustful of their employees who supposedly protect them, and appear far more willing to take matters into their own hands than many interviewees admit or imagine.
Uniqueness of the maximal ideal of operators on the ℓp-sum of ℓ∞n (n ∈ ) for 1 < p < ∞
Authors: KANIA TOMASZ , LAUSTSEN NIELS JAKOB 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA recent result of Leung (Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 2015) states that the Banach algebra ℬ(X) of bounded, linear operators on the Banach space X = (⊕n∈$\mathbb{N}$ ℓ∞n)ℓ1 contains a unique maximal ideal. We show that the same conclusion holds true for the Banach spaces X = (⊕n∈$\mathbb{N}$ ℓ∞n)ℓp and X = (⊕n∈$\mathbb{N}$ ℓ1n)ℓp whenever p ∈ (1, ∞).
Suburbanization and cultural change: the case of club cricket in Surrey, 1870–1939
Authors: STONE DUNCAN 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines the social, economic and political origins of what was a new, distinctly elitist, culture of ‘non-competitive’ sport, and how these values, which emerged from a small group of metropolitan elites, spread throughout the south-east of England. It argues that a long-term analysis of sport provides a valuable contextual tool for urban historians. In this case, how the gradual adoption of a distinctly ‘metropolitan’ culture throughout Surrey, and the associated changes in the social structure and purpose of cricket, may contribute towards a more nuanced assessment of that county's ‘suburbanization’, and how this region interacted with the urban core.
Sundew plant, a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents, selectively induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through upregulation of p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio
Authors: Ghate NB , Das A , Chaudhuri D , Panja S , Mandal N 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe worldwide cancer incidences are remarkable despite the advancement in cancer drug discovery field, highlighting the need for new therapies focusing on cancer cell and its microenvironment, including inflammation. Several species of Drosera (family: Droseraceae) are used in various traditional as well as homeopathic systems of medicine. Drosera burmannii Vahl. is also enlisted in French Pharmacopoeia in 1965 for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including chronic bronchitis, asthma and whooping cough. The present study is designed to substantiate the potential of D. burmannii in in vitro anticancer activity and its relation with anti-inflammatory property. In vitro anticancer study revealed that DBME is inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells without affecting the viability of other malignant and non-malignant cells. DBME induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by suppressing the expression of cyclin A1, cyclin B1 and Cdk-1 and increasing the expression of p53, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio leading to activation of caspases and PARP degradation. Presence of caspase-8 (Z-IETD-fmk) and caspase-9 (Z-LEHD-fmk) inhibitors alone did prevent the apoptosis partially while apoptosis prevention was significantly observed when used in combination, suggesting vital role of caspases in DBME-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. DBME also downregulated LPS-induced increased expression of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α along with suppression on intracellular ROS production that confirms the potential of DBME as anti-inflammatory extract. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of four major compounds hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecen-1-ol, trans-9 and 1-tetradecanol along with some other fatty acid derivatives and carotenoids (Beta-doradecin) in DBME. These findings confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of DBME, which is already listed in French Pharmacopeia in 1965. Here we have additionally reported the anti-breast cancer activity of DBME and its relation to the anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, an ethnopharmacological approach can be considered as useful tool for the discovery of new drug leads.