bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA expression is abundant and correlated to aggressiveness in early-stage bladder cancer
Authors: Okholm Trine Line Hauge , Nielsen Morten Muhlig , Hamilton Mark P. , Christensen Lise-Lotte , Vang Søren , Hedegaard Jakob , Hansen Thomas Birkballe , Kjems Jørgen , Dyrskjøt Lars , Pedersen Jakob Skou 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe functions and biomarker potential of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancer types are a rising field of study, as emerging evidence relates circRNAs to tumorigenesis. Here, we profiled the expression of circRNAs in 457 tumors from patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We show that a set of highly expressed circRNAs have conserved core splice sites, are associated with Alu repeats, and enriched with Synonymous Constraint Elements as well as microRNA target sites. We identified 113 abundant circRNAs that are differentially expressed between high and low-risk tumor subtypes. Analysis of progression-free survival revealed 13 circRNAs, among them circHIPK3 and circCDYL, where expression correlated with progression independently of the linear transcript and the host gene. In summary, our results demonstrate that abundant circRNAs possess multiple biological features, distinguishing them from low-expressed circRNAs and non-circularized exons, and suggest that circRNAs might serve as a new class of prognostic biomarkers in NMIBC.
Analysis and correction of errors in nanoscale particle tracking using the Single-pixel interior filling function (SPIFF) algorithm
Authors: Yifat Yuval , Sule Nishant , Lin Yihan , Scherer Norbert F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractParticle tracking, which is an essential tool in many fields of scientific research, uses algorithms that retrieve the centroid of tracked particles with sub-pixel accuracy. However, images in which the particles occupy a small number of pixels on the detector, are in close proximity to other particles or suffer from background noise, show a systematic error in which the particle sub-pixel positions are biased towards the center of the pixel. This “pixel locking” effect greatly reduces particle tracking accuracy. In this report, we demonstrate the severity of these errors by tracking experimental (and simulated) imaging data of optically trapped silver nanoparticles and single fluorescent proteins. We show that errors in interparticle separation, angle and mean square displacement are significantly reduced by applying the corrective Single-Pixel Interior Filling Function (SPIFF) algorithm. Our work demonstrates the potential ubiquity of such errors and the general applicability of SPIFF correction to many experimental fields.
Identification and characterization of genes involving the early step of Juvenile Hormone pathway in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhang Wanna , Ma Long , Xiao Haijun , Liu Chen , Chen Lin , Wu Shaolong , Liang Gemei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractJuvenile hormones (JHs) are crucial regulators for multiple physiological processes in insects. In the current study, 10 genes in mevalonate pathway involved in JH biosynthesis were identified from Helicoverpa armigera. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that six genes were highly expressed in the head which contained the JH biosynthetic gland (corpora allata). Temporal expression pattern showed that 10 of 12 genes were highly transcribed in the late 2nd-instar when the in vivo JH titer reached the peak, indicating a tight correlation between JH titer and the transcription of JH synthetic pathway genes. Moreover, ingestion of methoprene, a JH analogue, significantly suppressed the transcription of nine JH biosynthetic genes and caused a feedback upregulation of the JH degradation enzyme. Particularly, the Acetoacetyl CoA thiolase (HaAce) and Farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene 4 (HaFpps4) showed high transcript abundance, and their temporal expressions keep pace with JH fluctuations. Further study by RNAi showed that knockdown of HaFpps4 caused the decrease of JH titer, led to a negative effect on the transcript levels of other genes in JH pathway, and resulted in molting disturbance in larvae. Altogether, these results contribute to our understanding of JH biosynthesis in H. armigera and provide target genes for pest control based on JH-dependent regulation.
Transcriptome Analysis of Two Species of Jute in Response to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)- induced Drought Stress
Authors: Yang Zemao , Dai Zhigang , Lu Ruike , Wu Bibo , Tang Qing , Xu Ying , Cheng Chaohua , Su Jianguang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDrought stress results in significant crop yield losses. Comparative transcriptome analysis between tolerant and sensitive species can provide insights into drought tolerance mechanisms in jute. We present a comprehensive study on drought tolerance in two jute species—a drought tolerant species (Corchorus olitorius L., GF) and a drought sensitive species (Corchorus capsularis L., YY). In total, 45,831 non-redundant unigenes with average sequence length of 1421 bp were identified. Higher numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered in YY (794) than in GF (39), implying that YY was relatively more vulnerable or hyper-responsive to drought stress at the molecular level; the two main pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and peroxisome pathway, significantly involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 14 unigenes in the two pathways presented a significant differential expression in response to increase of superoxide. Our classification analysis showed that 1769 transcription factors can be grouped into 81 families and 948 protein kinases (PKs) into 122 families. In YY, we identified 34 TF DEGs from and 23 PK DEGs, including 19 receptor-like kinases (RLKs). Most of these RLKs were downregulated during drought stress, implying their role as negative regulators of the drought tolerance mechanism in jute.
Fine platinum nanoparticles supported on a porous ceramic membrane as efficient catalysts for the removal of benzene
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Chengyin , Ren Xiaoyong , Liu Kaiqi , Yang Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt would be desirable to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) while we eliminate the dusts using silicon carbide (SiC)-based porous ceramics from the hot gases. Aiming at functionalizing SiC-based porous ceramics with catalytic capability, we herein report a facile strategy to integrate high efficient catalysts into the porous SiC substrates for the VOC removal. We demonstrate an aqueous salt method for uniformly distributing fine platinum (Pt) particles on the alumina (Al2O3) layers, which are pre-coated on the SiC substrates as supports for VOC catalysts. We confirm that at a Pt mass loading as low as 0.176% and a weight hourly space velocity of 6000 mL g−1 h−1, the as-prepared Pt/SiC@Al2O3 catalysts can convert 90% benzene at a temperature of ca. 215 °C. The results suggest a promising way to design ceramics-based bi-functional materials for simultaneously eliminating dusts and harmful VOCs from various hot gases.
Capsize of polarization in dilute photonic crystals
Authors: Gevorkian Zhyrair , Hakhoumian Arsen , Gasparian Vladimir , Cuevas Emilio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigate, experimentally and theoretically, polarization rotation effects in dilute photonic crystals with transverse permittivity inhomogeneity perpendicular to the traveling direction of waves. A capsize, namely a drastic change of polarization to the perpendicular direction is observed in a one-dimensional photonic crystal in the frequency range 10 ÷ 140 GHz. To gain more insights into the rotational mechanism, we have developed a theoretical model of dilute photonic crystal, based on Maxwell’s equations with a spatially dependent two dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity. We show that the polarization’s rotation can be explained by an optical splitting parameter appearing naturally in Maxwell’s equations for magnetic or electric fields components. This parameter is an optical analogous of Rashba like spin-orbit interaction parameter present in quantum waves, introduces a correction to the band structure of the two-dimensional Bloch states, creates the dynamical phase shift between the waves propagating in the orthogonal directions and finally leads to capsizing of the initial polarization. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is found.
The effect of primary total knee arthroplasty on the incidence of falls and balance-related functions in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Si Hai-bo , Zeng Yi , Zhong Jian , Zhou Zong-ke , Lu Yan-rong , Cheng Jing-qiu , Ning Ning , Shen Bin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is an established risk factor for falls and balance impairment. This study investigated the incidence of falls, balance-related outcomes and risk factors for falls before and after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Three hundred seventy-six OA patients scheduled to undergo TKA were included. Falls data within the preoperative, first postoperative and second postoperative years were collected, balance-related functions were assessed using the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL), WOMAC, Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), knee extension strength, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) before surgery and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Compared with preoperative values, the incidence of falls significantly decreased (14.89%, 6.23% and 3.14% within the preoperative, first postoperative and second postoperative years, respectively) and the AQoL, WOMAC, FES-I, ABC, knee extension strength, BBS and TUG significantly improved after TKA. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 3 of the contralateral knee was an independent risk factor for falls before and after TKA. Conclusively, primary TKA is associated with a reduced incidence of falls and improved balance-related functions, and the contralateral knee should be considered in the design of fall-prevention strategies in patients with OA.
Activating electrochemical catalytic activity of bio-palladium by hybridizing with carbon nanotube as “e− Bridge”
Authors: Cheng Hao-Yi , Hou Ya-Nan , Zhang Xu , Yang Zhen-Ni , Xu Tiefu , Wang Ai-Jie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNano metal catalysts produced by bacteria has received increasing attention owing to its environmental friendly synthesis route. However, the formed metal nanoparticles are associated with poorly conductive cells and challenged to be electrochemically applied. In this study, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were synthesized by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. We demonstrated the limitation of palladized cells (Pd-cells) serving as electro-catalysts can be relieved by hybridizing with the conductive carbon nanotubes (Pd-cells-CNTs hybrid). Compared to the Pd-cells, the electrochemical active surface area of Pd in Pd-cells-CNTs10 (the ratio of Pd/CNTs is 1/10 w/w) were dramatically increased by 68 times to 20.44 m2·g−1. A considerable enhancement of electrocatalytic activity was further confirmed for Pd-cells-CNTs10 as indicated by a 5-fold increase of steady state current density for nitrobenzene reduction at −0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl. These results indicate that the biogenetic palladium could has been an efficient electro-catalyst but just limited due to lacking an electron transport path (e
−
Bridge). This finding may also be helpful to guide the way to electrochemically use other biogenetic metal nano-materials.
X-ray radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Rab Ch. , Güdel M. , Woitke P. , Kamp I. , Thi W.-F. , Min M. , Aresu G. , Meijerink R. 
Published: November 2017

Context. The X-ray luminosities of T Tauri stars are about two to four orders of magnitude higher than the luminosity of the contemporary Sun. As these stars are born in clusters, their disks are not only irradiated by their parent star but also by an X-ray background field produced by the cluster members.
Aims. We aim to quantify the impact of X-ray background fields produced by young embedded clusters on the chemical structure of disks. Further, we want to investigate the importance of the dust for X-ray radiative transfer in disks.
Methods. We present a new X-ray radiative transfer module for the radiation thermo-chemical disk code PRODIMO (PROtoplanetary DIsk MOdel), which includes X-ray scattering and absorption by both the gas and dust component. The X-ray dust opacities can be calculated for various dust compositions and dust-size distributions. For the X-ray radiative transfer we consider irradiation by the star and by X-ray background fields. To study the impact of X-rays on the chemical structure of disks we use the well established disk ionization tracers N2H+ and HCO+.
Results. For evolved dust populations (e.g. grain growth), X-ray opacities are mostly dominated by the gas; only for photon energies E ≳ 5−10 keV do dust opacities become relevant. Consequently the local disk X-ray radiation field is only affected in dense regions close to the disk midplane. X-ray background fields can dominate the local X-ray disk ionization rate for disk radii r ≳ 20 au. However, the N2H+ and HCO+ column densities are only significantly affected in cases of low cosmic-ray ionization rates (≲10-19 s-1), or if the background flux is at least a factor of ten higher than the flux level of ≈10-5 erg cm-2 s-1 expected for clusters typical for the solar vicinity.
Conclusions. Observable signatures of X-ray background fields in low-mass star-formation regions, like Taurus, are only expected for cluster members experiencing a strong X-ray background field (e.g. due to their location within the cluster). For the majority of the cluster members, the X-ray background field has relatively little impact on the disk chemical structure.
1.2.7 Radical-Based Palladium-Catalyzed Bond Constructions
Authors: Li Y. , Xie W. , Jiang X. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPalladium(0) and palladium(II) species are frequently used as catalysts and are considered to be active intermediates in traditional palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, participating in oxidative addition and reductive elimination via two-electron-transfer processes. Meanwhile, the catalytic modes involving palladium(I) and palladium(III) have been gradually developed. Single-electron-transfer pathways are thought to be involved via related catalytic cycles. Various palladium(I) and palladium(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The palladium(I) precatalysts in Suzuki coupling and Buchwald–Hartwig amination exhibit higher reactivity than traditional palladium(0) and palladium(II) catalysts. Palladium-catalyzed single-electron-transfer conditions allow alkyl halides to participate in a series of cross-coupling, carbonylation, atom-transfer, and cyclization reactions, in which the palladium(I) species and various alkyl radicals are thought to be key intermediates. Palladium(III) species have been proposed as active intermediates in various directed C—H activation reactions. Moreover, it has been proved that palladium(III) intermediates can catalyze C—F bond formation and asymmetric Claisen rearrangement reactions. Beyond these systems, it is thought that palladium(I) and palladium(III) species might take part in the same system. In summary, radical-type palladium-catalyzed systems possess new properties which help to realize various otherwise difficult transformations.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Functionalized Benzimidazopyrimidinones
Authors: Veltri Lucia , Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Russo Patrizio , Grasso Giuseppe , Cuocci Corrado , Romeo Roberto 
Published: November 2017

A new and convenient approach to functionalized benzimidazopyrimidinones is reported. It is based on a two-step procedure starting from readily available 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amines, consisting of a multicomponent palladium-catalyzed oxidative cyclocarbonylation–alkoxycarbonylation process, followed by base-promoted isomerization of the initially formed mixture of isomeric carbonylated products. Fair to good overall yields of the final alkyl 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetates are obtained, using different alcohols as solvent and nucleophile in the carbonylation step (carried out in the presence of 0.33–1 mol% PdI2 in conjunction with 17–50 mol% KI, at 100 °C and under 20 atm of a 4:1 mixture of CO–air) and the corresponding sodium alkoxide as base in the subsequent isomerization step (carried out in the alcoholic solvent at room temperature). The structures of a representative substrate [N-benzyl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine] and a representative product [methyl 2-(1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo-[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetate] were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Wide-field piecemeal cold snare polypectomy of large sessile serrated polyps without a submucosal injection is safe
Authors: Tate David , Awadie Halim , Bahin Farzan , Desomer Lobke , Lee Ralph , Heitman Steven , Goodrick Kathleen , Bourke Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Large series suggest endoscopic mucosal resection is safe and effective for the removal of large (≥ 10 mm) sessile serrated polyps (SSPs), but it exposes the patient to the risks of electrocautery, including delayed bleeding. We examined the feasibility and safety of piecemeal cold snare polypectomy (pCSP) for the resection of large SSPs.
Methods Sequential large SSPs (10 – 35 mm) without endoscopic evidence of dysplasia referred over 12 months to a tertiary endoscopy center were considered for pCSP. A thin-wire snare was used in all cases. Submucosal injection was not performed. High definition imaging of the defect margin was used to ensure the absence of residual serrated tissue. Adverse events were assessed at 2 weeks and surveillance was planned for between 6 and 12 months.
Results 41 SSPs were completely removed by pCSP in 34 patients. The median SSP size was 15 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 14.5 – 20 mm; range 10 – 35 mm). The median procedure duration was 4.5 minutes (IQR 1.4 – 6.3 minutes). There was no evidence of perforation or significant intraprocedural bleeding. At 2-week follow-up, there were no significant adverse events, including delayed bleeding and post polypectomy syndrome. First follow-up has been undertaken for 15 /41 lesions at a median of 6 months with no evidence of recurrence.
Conclusions There is potential for pCSP to become the standard of care for non-dysplastic large SSPs. This could reduce the burden of removing SSPs on patients and healthcare systems, particularly by avoidance of delayed bleeding.
Miller-Fisher-Syndrom mit Anisokorie und interner Ophthalmoplegie
Authors: Abdelnaby Ramy , Joachim Marco 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Miller-Fisher-Syndrom (MFS) ist eine akute entzündliche demyelinisierende Polyneuropathie. Es handelt sich um eine Variante des Guillain-Barré-Syndroms. Das MFS zeichnet sich durch die klassische Symptomtrias mit Ophthalmoplegie, Ataxie und Areflexie aus 1. In der Literatur wird überwiegend über eine externe Ophthalmoplegie berichtet. Wir berichten hier über einen 58-jährige Patienten, der sich wegen Doppelbilder nach einem schweren grippalen Infekt vorstellte. Klinisch neurologisch fand sich bei der Aufnahme sowohl eine interne als auch eine externe Ophthalmoplegie mit Anisokorie, Areflexie und Ataxie. Im Labor ließen sich Anti-GQ1b-IgG-AK nachweisen, elekroneurografisch zeigte sich eine vorwiegend axonale sensomotorische Polyneuropathie. Die wiederholte Liquorpunktion ergab eine zytoalbuminäre Dissoziation. Durch die Behandlung mit intravenösen Immunglobulinen kam es zur Erholung.
Alarmierende Daten - WHO-Studie: Immer mehr Kinder und Jugendliche sind fettleibig
Authors: Schikora Stephanie 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungPünktlich zum Welt-Adipositas-Tag veröffentlichte die WHO eine aktuelle Studie in der das Gewicht und die Größe von fast 130 Millionen Menschen analysiert wurden. Demnach haben heute 6 % der Mädchen (fast 50 Millionen) und 8 % der Jungen (74 Millionen) viel zu viel Gewicht auf den Rippen – mit einer weltweit steigenden Tendenz. Andererseits gibt es 192 Millionen Kinder auf unserem Planeten, die aufgrund von Nahrungsmangel untergewichtig sind.
16.10.5 Phthalazines (Update 2015)
Authors: Hagen T. J. , Helgren T. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 16.10) concerning the synthesis and reactions of phthalazines. Literature from 2004 to early 2014 has been considered. The major focus since the initial publication involves phthalazine substituent modification rather than the synthesis of phthalazine rings.
24.4.2.3 1-(Organooxy)alk-1-ynes and 1-(Heterooxy)alk-1-ynes (Update 2015)
Authors: Larsen M. H. , Cacciarini M. , Brønsted Nielsen M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis manuscript is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 24.4.2) describing methods for the synthesis of 1-(organooxy)alk-1-ynes and 1-(heterooxy)alk-1-ynes. The original contribution describes the synthesis of six subgroups: alk-1-ynyl N,N-dialkylcarbamates, carboxylates, ethers, sulfonates, and dialkyl phosphonates as well as 1-siloxyalk-1-ynes. However, during the period covered in this update (2005–2014), new contributions have only been made in the field of alk-1-ynyl ethers and 1-siloxyalk-1-ynes. These methodologies, primarily methods centering on elimination reactions, are covered in this chapter, along with a short description of the applications of these two types of compound.
24.4.3.5 1-(Organosulfanyl)-, 1-(Organoselanyl)-, and 1-(Organotellanyl)alk-1-ynes (Update 2018)
Authors: Ulfkjaer A. , Pittelkow M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review (Section 24.4.3) describing the synthesis of 1-(organochalcogeno)alk-1-ynes, where the chalcogen is sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. It covers the literature from the period 2005–2016. Many of the approaches to these molecules involve reaction of an acetylide with a suitable chalcogen source, but other methods include the formation of the C≡C bond by elimination, the reaction of a chalcogenide species with alkynes bearing a leaving group at the alkyne terminus, and various types of coupling reactions. Also covered in this update are the recent applications of the title compounds. The wide range of reactions reported shows the importance of these molecules as building blocks and key intermediates in organic synthesis.
30.7.3 N,P- and P,P-Acetals (Update 2016)
Authors: Kimura T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.7) describing methods for the synthesis of N,P- and P,P-acetals. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2007–2014. As well as covering the synthesis of the title compounds, their applications in organic synthesis are also briefly reviewed.
31.40.3 Arylphosphinic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2018)
Authors: Virieux D. , Pirat J.-L. , Volle J.-N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to Section 31.40 and describes published methods for the synthesis of arylphosphinic acids and derivatives reported from 2007 to early 2016. Reports on the syntheses of arylphosphinic acids and derivatives are limited to arylphosphinic acids and arylphosphinates [Ar1R1P(O)OH and Ar1R1P(O)OR2, respectively], for which R1 and R2 are a hydrogen atom or any kind of hydrocarbon substituent (e.g., alkyl, aryl, hetaryl).
33.4.2.3 1-Nitrosoalkenes (Update 2015)
Authors: Reißig H.-U. , Zimmer R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter deals with the generation of nitrosoalkenes from suitable precursors and their application as synthetically useful key intermediates in organic synthesis, including the synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds. This is an update to Section 33.4.2, covering selected relevant literature that has been reported since 2007.