bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the challenges in obtaining physical activity data from women using hip‐worn accelerometers
Authors: O'Brien Wendy J. , Shultz Sarah P. , Firestone Ridvan T. , George Lily , Breier Bernhard H. , Kruger Rozanne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuality objective physical activity data are required to inform physical activity‐based health improvement initiatives, however, various challenges undermine acquisition of such data. We examined the efficacy and challenges of a hip‐worn accelerometry protocol in women. Specific objectives included determining accelerometer‐wear‐compliance rates and understanding the barriers and acceptability of wearing accelerometers. Healthy New Zealand women (n = 406) of three ethnicities (Māori (indigenous New Zealander), Pacific, European) aged 16–45 years (30.9 ± 8.7 y) wore hip‐mounted Actigraph wGT3X+ accelerometers for 7 consecutive days under a 24‐h wear protocol. Post hoc, a sub‐sample (n = 45; age: 29.4 ± 9.0 y) was interviewed to investigate comfort/convenience and burdens of accelerometer‐wear. Wear‐compliance (≥10 h/day, ≥4 day) was 86%. European women returned more valid data (92.7%, p < .04) than Pacific (73.0%) or Māori women (82.1%). Twenty‐two participants (5.4%) had completely missing data; 13 due to lost accelerometers. Burden of accelerometer‐wear was greatest during sleeping (66.7%) due to discomfort. Embarrassment of accelerometer visibility through clothing and consequent restricted clothing choices caused high burden in social settings (45.2%). Discomfort during sleeping, embarrassment due to perceived appearance in social settings and ethnicity are key factors affecting the efficacy of collecting physical activity data from women using hip‐worn accelerometers. Refining accelerometer design to reduce size and subsequently participant burden should improve acceptability and wear‐compliance. Increasing overall participant compliance by reducing burden and ensuring appropriate understanding of study aims and relevance should reduce attrition and improve wear‐compliance and data quality when collecting accelerometry data from women of different ethnicities.
Lipidomic profiling reveals distinct differences in plasma lipid composition in healthy, prediabetic, and type 2 diabetic individuals
Authors: Zhong Huanzi , Fang Chao , Fan Yanqun , Lu Yan , Wen Bo , Ren Huahui , Hou Guixue , Yang Fangming , Xie Hailiang , Jie Zhuye , Peng Ye , Ye Zhiqiang , Wu Jiegen , Zi Jin , Zhao Guoqing , Chen Jiayu , Bao Xiao , Hu Yihe , Gao Yan , Zhang Jun , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Madsen Lise , Kristiansen Karsten , Ni Chuanming , Li Junhua , Liu Siqi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The relationship between dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been extensively reported, but the global lipid profiles, especially in the East Asia population, associated with the development of T2D remain to be characterized. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was applied to detect the global lipidome in the fasting plasma of 293 Chinese individuals, including 114 T2D patients, 81 prediabetic subjects, and 98 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Both qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed a gradual change in plasma lipid features with T2D patients exhibiting characteristics close to those of prediabetic individuals, whereas they differed significantly from individuals with NGT. We constructed and validated a random forest classifier with 28 lipidomic features that effectively discriminated T2D from NGT or prediabetes. Most of the selected features significantly correlated with diabetic clinical indices. Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Lysophosphatidylcholines such as lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0), lysophosphatidylcholine (18:1), and lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2) were all negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. The altered plasma lipidome in Chinese T2D and prediabetic subjects suggests that lipid features may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2D and that such features may provide a basis for evaluating risk and monitoring disease development.
Impact of time interval and dose rate on cell survival following low-dose fractionated exposures
Authors: Terashima Shingo , Hosokawa Yoichiro , Tsuruga Eichi , Mariya Yasushi , Nakamura Toshiya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEnhanced cell lethality, also known as hyper-radiosensitivity, has been reported at low doses of radiation (≤0.5 Gy) in various cell lines, and is expected to be an effective cancer therapy. We conducted this study to examine the impact of time interval and dose rate of low-dose fractionated exposures with a short time interval. We evaluated the cell-survival rates of V79 and A549 cells using clonogenic assays. We performed fractionated exposures in unit doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy. We exposed the cells to 2 Gy of X-rays (i) at dose-rates of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Gy/min at 1-min intervals and (ii) at a dose-rate of 2.0 Gy/min at 10-s, 1-min and 3-min intervals by fractionated exposures. Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were also evaluated in the fractionated exposures (unit dose 0.25 Gy) and compared with single exposures by using flow cytometry. Both cell-type survival rates with fractionated exposures (unit dose 0.25 Gy) with short time intervals were markedly lower than those for single exposures delivering the same dose. When the dose rates were lower, the cytotoxic effect decreased compared with exposure to a dose-rate of 2.0 Gy/min. On the other hand, levels of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were not significantly different between low-dose fractionated exposures and single exposures in either cell line. These results indicate that a stronger cytotoxic effect was induced with low-dose fractionated exposures with a short time interval for a given dose due to the hyper-radiosensitivity phenomenon, suggesting that dose rates are important for effective low-dose fractionated exposures.
Improved Survival with Decreased Wait Time to Surgery in Glioblastoma Patients Presenting with Seizure
Authors: Flanigan Patrick M , Jahangiri Arman , Kuang Ruby , Truong Albert , Choi Sarah , Chou Alvin , Rick Jonathan W , Chang Susan M , Molinaro Annette M , McDermott Michael W , Berger Mitchel S , Aghi Manish K 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preoperative seizure is reported to confer favorable prognosis in glioblastoma patients, but studies to date have not investigated how broadly applicable seizure is as a prognostic factor.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate if prompter surgical intervention affects the relationship between preoperative seizure and prognosis in glioblastoma patients, focusing on the development of tumor growth and/or additional preoperative symptoms after seizure.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of 443 patients (mean age = 60.2; 60% male) undergoing first glioblastoma resection at our institution (2005-2011).

RESULTS
Preoperative seizure(s) occurred in 28% of patients (n = 124), of which 63 (51%) had only seizure at presentation. Patients experiencing seizure as their only preoperative symptom (“seizure-only”; n = 45) survived over twice as long as patients who presented with seizure and then later developed additional preoperative symptoms (n = 18; “other symptoms postseizure”; 26.8 vs 10.2 months, P < .001) and patients without preoperative seizure (“no seizure”; 26.8 vs 13.1 months, P < .001). Multivariate stepwise analysis revealed preoperative seizures only (hazard ratio 0.54 [0.37-0.75]; P < .001) to be independently associated with increased survival. Longer wait time from presentation (ie, diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging) to surgery was a risk factor for developing additional symptoms. Eleven “other symptoms postseizure” patients (69%) vs 6 of the “seizure-only” patients (15%) had wait times >45 days (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Seizure as the only preoperative symptom independently improved survival, however, when patients developed additional preoperative symptoms, typically due to surgical delay, no prognostic benefit was observed. Prompt diagnosis and neurosurgical intervention is warranted in patients with seizures without other preoperative symptoms to preserve their favorable prognosis.
Revisiting Chemoaffinity Theory:Chemotactic Implementation of Topographic Axonal Projection
Authors: Naoki Honda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNeural circuits are wired by chemotactic migration of growth cones guided by extracellular guidance cue gradients. How growth cone chemotaxis builds the macroscopic structure of the neural circuit is a fundamental question in neuroscience. I addressed this issue in the case of the ordered axonal projections called topographic maps in the retinotectal system. In the retina and tectum, the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, are expressed in gradients. According to Sperry’s chemoaffinity theory, gradients in both the source and target areas enable projecting axons to recognize their proper terminals, but how axons chemotactically decode their destinations is largely unknown. To identify the chemotactic mechanism of topographic mapping, I developed a mathematical model of intracellular signaling in the growth cone that focuses on the growth cone’s unique chemotactic property of being attracted or repelled by the same guidance cues in different biological situations. The model presented mechanism by which the retinal growth cone reaches the correct terminal zone in the tectum through alternating chemotactic response between attraction and repulsion around a preferred concentration. The model also provided a unified understanding of the contrasting relationships between receptor expression levels and preferred ligand concentrations in EphA/ephrinA- and EphB/ephrinB-encoded topographic mappings. Thus, this study redefines the chemoaffinity theory in chemotactic terms.Author SummaryThis study revisited the chemoaffinity theory for topographic mapping in terms of chemotaxis. According to this theory, the axonal growth cone projects to specific targets based on positional information encoded by chemical gradients in both source and target areas. However, the mechanism by which the chemotactic growth cone recognizes its proper terminal site remains elusive. To unravel this mystery, I mathematically modeled a growth cone exhibiting concentration-dependent attraction and repulsion to chemotactic cues. The model identified a novel growth cone guidance mechanism in topographic mapping, highlighting the importance of the growth cone’s unique ability to alternate between attraction and repulsion. Furthermore, an extension of the model provided possible molecular mechanisms for contrasting two types of topographic mappings observed in the retinotectal system.
Loss of PTEN promotes formation of signaling-capable clathrin-coated pits
Authors: Rosselli-Murai Luciana K , Yates Joel A , Yoshida Sei , Bourg Julia , Ho Kenneth K.Y. , White Megan , Prisby Julia , Tan Xinyu , Altemus Megan , Bao Liwei , Wu Zhi-Fen , Veatch Sarah , Swanson Joel , Merajver Sofia , Liu Allen P 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDefective endocytosis and vesicular trafficking of signaling receptors has recently emerged as a multifaceted hallmark of malignant cells. Clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), the fundamental unit of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, display highly heterogeneous dynamics on the plasma membrane where they can take from 20 seconds to over a minute to form cytosolic coated-vesicles. Despite the large number of cargo molecules that traffic through CCPs, it is not well understood whether signaling receptors activated in cancer, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are regulated through a specific subset of CCPs. The signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), which is dephosphorylated by phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN), is a potent tumorigenic signaling lipid that is present in excess in many types of cancers. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and automated tracking and detection of CCPs, we find PTEN and EGF bound EGFR are enriched in a distinct subset of short-lived CCPs that corresponded with clathrin-dependent EGF-induced signaling. By deleting PTEN using CRISPR-Cas9 and reconstituting PTEN, we demonstrate that PTEN plays a role in the regulation of CCP dynamics; this appears to recapitulate CCP dynamics in highly metastatic PTEN-deleted cancer cells where we find a larger proportion of short-lived CCPs and higher initiation density compared to the normal cells. Furthermore, increased PI(3,4,5)P3results in higher proportion of short-lived CCPs, an effect that recapitulates PTEN deletion. Our findings provide strong evidence for the existence of short-lived ‘signaling-capable’ CCPs. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the importance of PTEN and PI(3,4,5)P3in regulating CCP dynamics and assign a new function to PTEN as a modulator of signaling-capable CCPs.
Analysis of interphase node proteins in fission yeast by quantitative and super resolution fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Akamatsu Matthew , Lin Yu , Bewersdorf Joerg , Pollard Thomas D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe used quantitative confocal microscopy and FPALM super resolution microscopy of live fission yeast to investigate the structures and assembly of two types of interphase nodes, multiprotein complexes associated with the plasma membrane that merge together and mature into the precursors of the cytokinetic contractile ring. During the long G2 phase of the cell cycle seven different interphase node proteins maintain constant concentrations as they accumulate in proportion to cell volume. During mitosis the total numbers of type 1 node proteins (cell cycle kinases Cdr1p, Cdr2p, Wee1p, and anillin Mid1p) are constant even when the nodes disassemble. Quantitative measurements provide strong evidence that both types of nodes have defined sizes and numbers of constituent proteins, as observed for cytokinesis nodes. Type 1 nodes assemble in two phases, a burst at the end of mitosis, followed by steady increase during interphase to double the initial number. Type 2 nodes containing Blt1p, Rho-GEF Gef2p, and kinesin Klp8p remain intact throughout the cell cycle and are constituents of the contractile ring. They are released from the contractile ring as it disassembles and then associate with type 1 nodes around the equator of the cell during interphase.Highlight summaryFPALM super resolution microscopy and quantitative confocal microscopy reveal that interphase nodes, the precursors to the fission yeast cytokinetic contractile ring, are discrete unitary structures with defined sizes and ratios of component proteins. Type 1 nodes disassemble during mitosis, but type 2 nodes remain intact throughout the cell cycle.
Cellular adaptation through fitness-directed transcriptional tuning
Authors: Freddolino Peter L. , Yang Jamie , Tavazoie Saeed 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCells adapt to changes in their environment through transcriptional responses that are hard-coded in their regulatory networks. Such dedicated pathways, however, may be inadequate for adaptation to novel or extreme environments. We propose the existence of a fitness optimization mechanism that tunes the global transcriptional output of a genome to match arbitrary external conditions in the absence of dedicated gene-regulatory networks. We provide evidence for the proposed tuning mechanism in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to laboratory-engineered environments that are foreign to its native gene-regulatory network. We show that transcriptional tuning operates locally at individual gene promoters and its efficacy is modulated by genetic perturbations to chromatin modification machinery.
Intercellular mRNA trafficking via membrane nanotubes in mammalian cells
Authors: Haimovich Gal , Ecker Christopher M. , Dunagin Margaret C. , Eggan Elliot , Raj Arjun , Gerst Jeffrey E. , Singer Robert H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRNAs have been shown to undergo transfer between mammalian cells, though the mechanism behind this phenomenon and its overall importance to cell physiology is not well understood. Numerous publications have suggested that RNAs (microRNAs and incomplete mRNAs) undergo transfer via extracellular vesicles (e.g. exosomes). However, in contrast to a diffusion-based transfer mechanism, we find that full-length mRNAs undergo direct cell-cell transfer via cytoplasmic extensions, called membrane nanotubes (mNTs), which connect donor and acceptor cells. By employing a simple co-culture experimental model and using single-molecule imaging, we provide quantitative data showing that mRNAs are transferred between cells in contact. Examples of mRNAs that undergo transfer include those encoding GFP, mouse β-actin, and human Cyclin D1, BRCA1, MT2A, and HER2. We show that intercellular mRNA transfer occurs in all co-culture models tested (e.g.between primary cells, immortalized cells, and in co-cultures of immortalized human and murine cells). Rapid mRNA transfer is dependent upon actin, but independent ofde novoprotein synthesis, and is modulated by stress conditions and gene expression levels. Hence, this work supports the hypothesis that full-length mRNAs undergo transfer between cells through a refined structural connection. Importantly, unlike the transfer of miRNA or RNA fragments, this process of communication transfers genetic information that could potentially alter the acceptor cell proteome. This phenomenon may prove important for the proper development and functioning of tissues, as well as host-parasite or symbiotic interactions.SignificanceMessenger RNA (mRNA) molecules convey genetic information within cells, beginning from genes in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cell body, where they are translated into proteins. Here, we show a novel mode of transferring genetic information from one cell to another. Contrary to previous publications suggesting that mRNAs transfer via extracellular vesicles, we provide visual and quantitative data showing that mRNAs transfer via membrane nanotubes and direct cell-to-cell contact. We predict that this process has a major role in regulating local cellular environments with respect to tissue development and maintenance, cellular responses to stress, interactions with parasites, tissue transplants, and the tumor microenvironment.Author contributionsG.H., A.R. and R.H.S. conceived the research and designed the experiments; C.M.E. performed and analyzed the experiments with WM983b+/-GFP, including transwell and exosomes; M.C.D. and E.E. performed and analyzed the WM983b/NIH393 co-culture experiments; G.H. performed and analyzed all other experiments; and G.H., J.E.G, A.R. and R.H.S. wrote the paper.
Uncovering the drivers of host-associated microbiota with joint species distribution modeling
Authors: Björk Johannes R. , Hui Francis K.C. , O’Hara Robert B. , Montoya Jose M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn addition to the processes structuring free-living communities, host-associated microbiota are directly or indirectly shaped by the host. Therefore, microbiota data have a hierarchical structure where samples are nested under one or several variables representing host-specific factors, often spanning multiple levels of biological organization. Current statistical methods do not accommodate this hierarchical data structure, and therefore cannot explicitly account for the effect of the host in structuring the microbiota. We introduce a novel extension of joint species distribution models (JSDMs) which can straightforwardly accommodate and discern between effects such as host phylogeny and traits, recorded covariates like diet and collection sites, among other ecological processes. Our proposed methodology includes powerful yet familiar outputs seen in community ecology overall, including: (i) model-based ordination to visualize and quantify the main patterns in the data; (ii) variance partitioning to asses how influential the included host-specific factors are in structuring the microbiota; and (iii) co-occurrence networks to visualize microbe-to-microbe associations.
An empirical examination of the direct and indirect effects of geographic diversification on stock market and financial performances of multinational corporations
Authors: Cho Woohyun , Ke Jian-yu Fisher , Han Chaodong 
Published: May 2017

PurposeLiterature indicates that global geographic diversification (GD) has mixed effects on a multinational corporation’s (MNC) performances. The purpose of this paper is to examine how an MNC’s GD influences its stock market and financial performances directly and indirectly via operational performance (i.e. changes in inventory levels).Design/methodology/approachUsing firm-level data collected from Compustat database for the period 2000-2011 and estimating a mediating regression model, the authors examine the direct and indirect effects of GD on an MNC’s stock market (Tobin’sq) and financial performances (ROA), with inventory level being a mediator. Additionally, the examination is implemented separately under two economic situations: financial crisis vs without financial crisis.FindingsThe results show that GD enhances an MNC’s stock market performance, while deteriorating its financial performance in the presence of a financial crisis. In contrast, GD has little direct impact on an MNC’s stock market and financial performances during periods without financial crisis. The indirect effects of GD are mediated by changes in inventory levels.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that MNCs need to carefully weigh the benefits and costs of global strategy obtained through GD. The results also indicate that GD is highly appreciated by the stock market investors during economic downturns and tighter inventory management may further enhance firm values.Originality/valueThis paper is the first empirical research to estimate both direct and indirect effects of GD via inventory in the operations management literature, highlighting the value of GD depending on the different economic situations and echoing the role of operations in implementing GD.
Infrastructure framework and manufacturing supply chain agility: the role of delivery dependability and time to market
Authors: Al-Shboul Moh’d Anwer 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to examine the role of delivery dependability and time to market, on the relation between the infrastructure framework and supply chain agility. Furthermore, the impacts of supply chain agility on firm performance are examined.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 113 respondents, senior executives and managers, in purchasing, operations, supplying, planning and other supply chain functions in large manufacturing firms in the MENA region, which includes 12 countries (Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Morocco, Tunis and Algeria). A large-scale survey questionnaire was used for data collection process. The research framework was tested by using hypothesis-testing deductive approach. The results are based on covariance-based analysis and structural equation modelling using analysis of moment structures software.

Findings
The results show that infrastructure framework elements do not contribute significantly to support supply chain agility. It is also found that delivery dependability and time to market partially mediate the relationship between infrastructure framework elements and supply chain agility. Additionally, it is found that supply chain agility is associated with enhanced firm performance.

Originality/value
This paper provides an overview and empirically shows that delivery dependability and time to market are appropriate logistics practices for mediating the impact of infrastructure framework and supply chain agility. These relationships indicate a contribution to theory that explains how infrastructure framework elements can procreate supply chain agility, through the synchronising of appropriately matched logistics practices.