bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in Response Assessment for Breast Cancer: A Comparison with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathology
Authors: Jia Wan-Ru , Tang Lei , Wang Deng-Bin , Chai Wei-Min , Fei Xiao-Chun , He Jian-Rong , Chen Man , Wang Wen-Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo compare the capabilities of three-dimensional contrast enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MRI) in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among breast cancer patients, 48 patients with unilateral breast cancer were recruited for 3D-CEUS and DCE-MRI examinations both before and after NAC; pathology was used to validate the results. This study was approved by the institutional review board and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Imaging feature changes and pathological vascularity response, including microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were calculated. Pathological complete response (pCR) and major histological response (MHR) were used as references. The 3D-CEUS score, DCE-MRI score, MVD and VEGF significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) after NAC. The correlations between Δ3D-CEUS and ΔDCE-MRI with pCR (r = 0.649, P < 0.0001; r = 0.639, P < 0.0001) and MHR (r = 0.863, P < 0.0001; r = 0.836, P < 0.0001) were significant. All scores showed significant differences between the pCR and non-pCR groups with folder changes of 0.1, 0.1, 2.4 and 2.3, respectively (P = 0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 and <0.0001). In conclusion, 3D-CEUS is effective in assessing the response of breast cancer patients undergoing NAC.
Effect of graphene oxide ratio on the cell adhesion and growth behavior on a graphene oxide-coated silicon substrate
Authors: Jeong Jin-Tak , Choi Mun-Ki , Sim Yumin , Lim Jung-Taek , Kim Gil-Sung , Seong Maeng-Je , Hyung Jung-Hwan , Kim Keun Soo , Umar Ahmad , Lee Sang-Kwon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractControl of living cells on biocompatible materials or on modified substrates is important for the development of bio-applications, including biosensors and implant biomaterials. The topography and hydrophobicity of substrates highly affect cell adhesion, growth, and cell growth kinetics, which is of great importance in bio-applications. Herein, we investigate the adhesion, growth, and morphology of cultured breast cancer cells on a silicon substrate, on which graphene oxides (GO) was partially formed. By minimizing the size and amount of the GO-containing solution and the further annealing process, GO-coated Si samples were prepared which partially covered the Si substrates. The coverage of GO on Si samples decreases upon annealing. The behaviors of cells cultured on two samples have been observed, i.e. partially GO-coated Si (P-GO) and annealed partially GO-coated Si (Annealed p-GO), with a different coverage of GO. Indeed, the spreading area covered by the cells and the number of cells for a given culture period in the incubator were highly dependent on the hydrophobicity and the presence of oxygenated groups on GO and Si substrates, suggesting hydrophobicity-driven cell growth. Thus, the presented method can be used to control the cell growth via an appropriate surface modification.
Pharmacological inhibitors of TRPV4 channels reduce cytokine production, restore endothelial function and increase survival in septic mice
Authors: Dalsgaard Thomas , Sonkusare Swapnil K. , Teuscher Cory , Poynter Matthew E. , Nelson Mark T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation, edema formation and hypo-perfusion leading to organ dysfunction and ultimately death. Activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel is associated with edema formation and circulatory collapse. Here, we show that TRPV4 channels are involved in the hyper-inflammatory response and mortality associated with sepsis. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 channels in mice reduced mortality in lipopolysaccharide and cecal-ligation-and-puncture models of sepsis, but not in a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced sepsis model. These protective effects of TRPV4 channel inhibition were attributable to prevention of the sepsis-induced surge of a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 and subsequent preservation of endothelial cell function, including Ca2+ signaling, integrity and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These results suggest that TRPV4 antagonists may be of therapeutic utility in the management of sepsis.
Stable, Free-space Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Sub-micron Particles in an Integrated Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Kim Jisu , Shin Jung H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate stable, free-space optical trapping and manipulation in an integrated microfluidic chip using counter-propagating beams. An inverted ridge-type waveguide made of SU8 is cut across by an open trench. The design of the waveguide provides low propagation losses and small divergence of the trapping beam upon emergence from the facet, and the trench designed to be deeper and wider than the optical mode enables full utilization of the optical power with an automatic alignment for counter-propagating beams in a trap volume away from all surfaces. After integration with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel for particle delivery, 0.65 μm and 1 μm diameter polystyrene beads were trapped in free space in the trench, and manipulated to an arbitrary position between the waveguides with a resolution of < 100 nm. Comparison with numerical simulations confirm stable trapping of sub-micron particles, with a 10 kBT threshold power of less than 1 mW and a stiffness that can be 1 order of magnitude larger than that of comparable fiber-based trapping methods.
IL-22 is rapidly induced by Pathogen Recognition Receptors Stimulation in Bone-Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells in the Absence of IL-23
Authors: Fumagalli Silvia , Torri Anna , Papagna Angela , Citterio Stefania , Mainoldi Federica , Foti Maria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn vertebrates, microorganisms are recognized by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Exposure of immune cells to the ligands of these receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that rapidly induce the expression of a variety of genes. Within these genes, the cytokines family plays a crucial function because of its role in adaptive immunity induction and in tissue-specific functional regulation, such as tissue repair and tissue homeostasis during steady state conditions. Within the myeloid compartment, dendritic cells (DCs) release a variety of inflammatory cytokines in response to microbes. In this study, we show that BMDCs release IL-22 directly upon PRRs activation without the need of IL-23 signaling as reported for other IL22-producing cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that cytokine IL-22 is rapidly released in a cell-specific manner as macrophages are not able to produce IL-22 through the same PRRs system. In addition, we characterize the intracellular signaling cascade required for IL-22 release in BMDCs. Myd88, MEK1/2, NFkb and AhR, but not p38, NFAT and RORgt, were found to be involved in IL-22 regulation in DCs. Our study suggests that BMDCs possess a unique intracellular molecular plasticity which, once activated, directs different BMDCs functions in a cell-specific manner.
Retinal expression of small non-coding RNAs in a murine model of proliferative retinopathy
Authors: Liu Chi-Hsiu , Wang Zhongxiao , Sun Ye , SanGiovanni John Paul , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOcular neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness in proliferative retinopathy. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) play critical roles in both vascular and neuronal development of the retina through post-transcriptional regulation of target gene expression. To identify the function and therapeutic potential of sncRNAs in retinopathy, we assessed the expression profile of retinal sncRNAs in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) with pathologic proliferation of neovessels. Approximately 2% of all analyzed sncRNAs were significantly altered in OIR retinas compared with normoxic controls. Twenty three microRNAs with substantial up- or down-regulation were identified, including miR-351, -762, -210, 145, -155, -129-5p, -150, -203, and -375, which were further analyzed for their potential target genes in angiogenic, hypoxic, and immune response-related pathways. In addition, nineteen small nucleolar RNAs also revealed differential expression in OIR retinas compared with control retinas. A decrease of overall microRNA expression in OIR retinas was consistent with reduced microRNA processing enzyme Dicer, and increased expression of Alu element in OIR. Together, our findings elucidated a group of differentially expressed sncRNAs in a murine model of proliferative retinopathy. These sncRNAs may exert critical post-transcriptional regulatory roles in regulating pathological neovascularization in eye diseases.
Intein mediated hyper-production of authentic human basic fibroblast growth factor in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kwong Keith W. Y. , Sivakumar T. , Wong W. K. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHuman basic fibroblast growth factor is a functionally versatile but very expensive polypeptide. In this communication, employing a novel amplification method for the target gene and genetic optimization of a previously engineered expression construct, pWK3R, together with a refined fed-batch fermentation protocol, we report an achievement of a phenomenal yield of 610 mg/L of the 146 aa authentic human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in Escherichia coli. Construct pWK3R was first modified to form plasmid pWK311ROmpAd, which was devoid of the ompA leader sequence and possessed two copies of a DNA segment encoding a fusion product comprising an intein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae vascular membrane ATPase (VMA) and bFGF. When E. coli transformant JM101 [pWK311ROmpAd] was cultivated using the refined fed-batch fermentation protocol, superb expression resulting in a total yield of 610 mg/L of bFGF was detected. Despite existing in high levels, the bFGF remained to be soluble and highly bioactive.
Multiple introductions and onward transmission of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B strains in North America and Europe.
Authors: Cabello Marina , Romero Hector , Bello Gonzalo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMost HIV-1 subtype B infections in North America and Europe seem to have resulted from the expansion of a single pandemic lineage (BPANDEMIC) disseminated from the United States (US). Some non-pandemic subtype B strains of Caribbean origin (BCAR) may have also reached North America and Europe, but their epidemiological relevance in those regions remains largely unknown. Here we analyze a total of 20,045 HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences from the US, Canada and Europe, to estimate the prevalence and to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of HIV-1 BCAR strains in those regions. We find that BCAR strains were probably disseminated from the Caribbean into North America and Europe at multiple times since the early 1970s onwards. The BCAR strains reached the US, Canada and at least 16 different European countries, where they account for a very low fraction (<5%) of subtype B infections, with exception of the Czech Republic (7.7%). We also find evidence of the onward transmission of BCAR clades in the US, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, as well as short-distance spreading of BCAR lineages between neighboring European countries from Central and Western Europe and long-distance dissemination between the US and Europe.
Integrated ZnO Nano-Electron-Emitter with Self-Modulated Parasitic Tunneling Field Effect Transistor at the Surface of the p-Si/ZnO Junction
Authors: Cao Tao , Luo Laitang , Huang Yifeng , Ye Bing , She Juncong , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Jun , Xu Ningsheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe development of high performance nano-electron-emitter arrays with well reliability still proves challenging. Here, we report a featured integrated nano-electron-emitter. The vertically aligned nano-emitter consists of two segments. The top segment is an intrinsically lightly n-type doped ZnO nano-tip, while the bottom segment is a heavily p-type doped Si nano-pillar (denoted as p-Si/ZnO nano-emitter). The anode voltage not only extracted the electron emission from the emitter apex but also induced the inter-band electron tunneling at the surface of the p-Si/ZnO nano-junction. The designed p-Si/ZnO emitter is equivalent to a ZnO nano-tip individually ballasted by a p-Si/ZnO diode and a parasitic tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) at the surface of the p-Si/ZnO junction. The parasitic TFET provides a channel for the supply of emitting electron, while the p-Si/ZnO diode is benefit for impeding the current overloading and prevent the emitters from a catastrophic breakdown. Well repeatable and stable field emission current were obtained from the p-Si/ZnO nano-emitters. High performance nano-emitters was developed using diamond-like-carbon coated p-Si/ZnO tip array (500 × 500), i.e., 178 μA (4.48 mA/cm2) at 75.7 MV/m.
Sommer, Sonne, Hitzenotfall – Nicht selten lebensgefährlich
Authors: Jörg Daniela , Bauderer Edgar 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Elf der zwölf vergangenen Jahre gehörten zu den heißesten seit Beginn der Temperaturaufzeichnung. Die Klimaveränderung hat nicht nur Auswirkungen auf Wetter, Flora und Fauna, sondern auch den Rettungsdienst: Die Zahl der Hitzenotfälle steigt 1. Viele Retter unterschätzen Sonnenstich, Hitzschlag und Co., dabei kann es zu teils lebensgefährlichen Komplikationen kommen.
Brassinosteroids participate in the control of basal and acquired freezing tolerance of plants
Authors: Eremina Marina , Unterholzner Simon J. , Rathnayake Ajith I. , Castellanos Marcos , Khan Mamoona , Kugler Karl G. , May Sean T. , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Rozhon Wilfried , Poppenberger Brigitte 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Cold stress is an influential environmental factor that affects plant distribution and can strongly limit crop productivity. Plants have evolved sophisticated signaling cascades that enable them to withstand chilling or even freezing temperatures. These cascades alter the biochemical composition of cells for protection from damage caused by low-temperature stress. In addition, cold stress has a profound impact on plant morphologies, causing growth repression and reduced yields. In this work we reveal that the brassinosteroids, a class of steroid hormones that is known for its role in growth control, also confers freezing tolerance in plants and describe regulatory circuits that contribute to this activity. Implications for the breeding of cold-resistant plants are discussed.
From Song to Instrumental Style
Authors: Wollenberg Susan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Building on my recent work Schubert’s Fingerprints: Studies in the Instrumental Works, this chapter examines closely the stylistic ‘fingerprints’ evident in Schubert’s piano, chamber and orchestral works. The works referred to include the ‘Wanderer’ Fantasy, D 760; the Impromptus for Piano, D 899 No. 2 and No. 4; the Piano Duet Fantasy in F minor, D 940; the G major Piano Sonata, D 894; the last three Piano Sonatas, D 958–60; the Quartettsatz, D 703; the last three String Quartets, especially the G major Quartet, D 887; the String Quintet, D 956; the ‘Unfinished’ Symphony, D 859; and the ‘Great’ C major Symphony, D 944. The fingerprints to be investigated will include such aspects as Schubert’s treatment of episodic forms, especially in his slow movements; the ramifications of his major-minor usage; the application of variation processes in his instrumental forms; and Schubert’s penchant for mirror effects (palindrome).
Narrative Dislocations in the First Movement of Schubert’s ‘Unfinished’ Symphony
Authors: Hascher Xavier 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This essay considers the first movement of Schubert’s ‘Unfinished’ Symphony from the perspective of its narrative trajectory. In reference to the vocabulary introduced by Freud in his dream theory, it distinguishes between a ‘manifest’ narration on the surface and a deeper, hidden, ‘latent’ one that influences the former and accounts for the spectacular, violent outbursts that periodically interrupt its course. Whereas the surface narration seems to follow the narrative programme normally associated with sonata form, what is actually happening in the movement makes use of this unfolding to recount a different story, one that is entirely static, non-evolving and obsessional in nature. The manifest narrative trajectory is underlain by an anti-narration, a non-trajectory that distorts and dislocates it, so that the movement only progresses through a succession of crises and interruptions.
Axial Lyric Space in Two Late Songs
Authors: Spitzer Michael 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The deserved prestige of Der Winterreise and Schwanengesang distracts from the many other extraordinary songs of Schubert’s final years. This essay considers two of these late songs, ‘Im Freien’ (1826) and ‘Der Winterabend’ (1828), as consummate examples of the composer’s late style and considers how and why it differs from the paradigmatic case of late style—Beethoven’s. Whereas Adorno framed the aesthetic spectacles through which we view Schubert’s great contemporary, I explore ways in which Heidegger can illuminate the ontology of Schubert’s late songs, with their ethos of sonority, lyric temporality and memory. That Schubert fits within a phenomenological tradition of music analysis was suggested by David Lewin’s famous Husserlian analysis of ‘Morgengrüss’. This chapter extrapolates strands of Lewin’s approach to the aesthetic domain of Spätstil.
Schubert through a Neo-Riemannian Lens
Authors: Clark Suzannah 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Franz Schubert’s ‘Schwanengesang’ (‘Wie klag’ ich’s aus’), D744, sets a poem by Johann Chrysostomus Senn (1795–1857) that begins with a swan song and ends with a narrator’s commentary. The inherent Volkslied quality of Senn’s highly regular strophic poem was recast by Schubert into a modified strophic setting, within which the swan song itself—the song within a song—is a highly modulatory, through-composed structure. These constant modulations aptly capture the swan’s gradual metamorphosis. I argue that scrutinising Schubert’s modulatory strategy through a neo-Riemannian lens has profound theoretical and aesthetic implications. I contend that Schubert’s propensity to colour repeated tones in the vocal line with different harmonies in the accompaniment led him not only to intuit the contents of the PLR neo-Riemannian cycle of the ‘chicken-wire’ Tonnetz, but also to transform the role of the accompaniment from its deliberately superfluous function within the Volkslied aesthetic into a vital vehicle of musical meaning.
The End of the Road in Schubert’s Winterreise
Authors: Stein Deborah 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Schubert’s Winterreise has undergone tremendous scrutiny for many years, and yet two issues remain unresolved: first, where is the climax of the cycle; and second, what is the fate of the wanderer? To some, the cycle climaxes in the final song, ‘Der Leiermann’, where the wanderer succumbs to madness; to others, the cycle culminates in ‘Der Wegweiser’, where the weary wanderer embraces death. While I agree that ‘Der Wegweiser’ is the cycle’s climax, I propose a third option for the wanderer’s fate: that the signpost points away from his struggle and torment and towards uncharted territory, suggtesting that, in fact, the cycle never really comes to an end. My interpretation of the cycle’s irresolution focuses upon the extraordinary chromaticism of ‘Der Wegweiser’ and the German Romantic concept of the fragment, which champions incompletion and irresolution.
Challenging the Context
Authors: Bodley Lorraine Byrne 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The image of ‘poor Schubert’, partly born of the Romantic idea of the unrecognised artistic genius thus set in antithesis with the canonical artist and titanic personality of Goethe, has contributed to misconceptions about the relationship between Goethe and Schubert. This chapter will throw new light on Goethe’s reception of Schubert and unveil how the deep affinity between these artists, which has been overshadowed by the reception of these letters, is continually unveiled in Schubert’s Wanderlieder. Although this personal identification is overt in ‘Der Musensohn’, Goethe’s wanderer is not merely the poet, but a finite being whose existence is endeavour, whose striving never slackens until death. This philosophical principle found expression in Schubert’s life and lieder. His preoccupation with Goethe’s dispossessed, alienated wanderer figure was particularly intense in 1822–4, when it is clear that he was writing music defiantly in tune with the laws of his own artistic nature.
The Dictionary divides: 1884–1887
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the progress of the Dictionary down to the appointment of Henry Bradley as its second Editor in 1887. It examines the early critical reception of the Dictionary, including the review of Part I by Bradley, through which he was identified as a collaborator; it describes the involvement of Philip Lyttelton Gell with the project following his appointment as Secretary to the Delegates of OUP, and the efforts (by Benjamin Jowett and others) to persuade James Murray to resign his position at Mill Hill and move to Oxford. The appointments of other key members of the Dictionary’s staff, and Murray’s continuing struggles with finances, are also noted.
Interregnum: 1933–1957
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the two and a half decades following the completion of the 1933 Supplement. The main projects in English historical lexicography during this period were based outside Oxford, but many of them derived from or were related to the OED, and they are summarized here, including the Middle English Dictionary, the abortive Early Modern English Dictionary project, the Dictionary of American English, the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (both partially edited by William Craigie), and the Scottish National Dictionary. In Oxford, the compilation of the Oxford Latin Dictionary was the main activity of James Wyllie; in due course he was identified as an appropriate person to revise the Supplement to the OED, but this plan had to be abandoned following Wyllie’s breakdown, and the search for an alternative editor eventually settled on Robert Burchfield. The chapter concludes with the commencement of preparatory work for the new Supplement.
“Blessed be Allāh, Most Fair”
Authors: Einboden Jeffrey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Ezra Stiles, early American diarist and president of Yale during the Revolution, was a foundational figure in U.S. education and historiography. His public profile and patriotism, however, shields Stiles’ private devotion to Islamic learning and Arabic literacy, striving to read the language of the Qur’ān even while recording his nation’s struggles for independence. Uncovering informal marginalia inscribed in volumes at the Redwood Athenaeum, as well as Yale University manuscripts never before published, this chapter reveals surprising overlaps between Stiles’ Islamic interests and his American identity, tracing revolutions of both country and creed embedded in his receptions of Muslim sources.