bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary beneath Cambay Rift Zone of India: Inferred Presence of Carbonated Partial Melt
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Sen Gautam , Mandal Prantik , Sen Mrinal K. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Cambay Rift Zone (CRZ) is an ancient rift that had last witnessed volcanism and rifting activity 68-65 million years ago, when the Indian plate migrated over the Deccan plume, potentially signifying the presence of a shallow LAB. Here we apply converted wave techniques to a teleseismic earthquake dataset to image the mantle below the CRZ. We place the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) beneath this rift at a depth where a ∼10% drop occurs in shear wave velocity. The seismic velocity structure indicates that the lithosphere thickness varies from ∼60 km beneath the rift to ∼110 km beneath rift walls. Furthermore, the upper mantle discontinuities (410 and 660 km discontinuities) are found to be thinner by ∼2 sec (i.e. ∼20km) with delayed 410-km discontinuity and normal 660-km discontinuities. We infer this to be caused by a thermal anomaly in the upper mantle. The surface heat flow at CRZ is high. A geothermal gradient extrapolated from the surface heat flow intercepts CO2-bearing mantle peridotite solidus at 60 km, and thus could signal the presence of small amounts of carbonatite-type magma. We suggest that the CRZ might become reactivated by the generation of small pockets of melt at the LAB, which is being triggered by a thermal anomaly in the upper mantle beneath this currently inactive rift.
Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Subsurface Sediments in Well Arani-A, Palar Basin, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Basavaraju M. H. , Jaiprakash B. C. , Chidambaram L. , Ayyadurai M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The first exploratory well Arani – A was drilled in the Palar basin to a depth of 2400m and terminated within the granitic basement. This well offered the first ever opportunity to understand biostratigraphy, sedimentation history and depositional environment of the entire sedimentary column based on arenaceous foraminifera, spores, pollen and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Previous studies on few scattered outcrops around Sriperumbudur, Chengalpattu and Sathyavedu areas have documented palynofossil assemblage of Neocomian – Aptian age. The present study reveals the presence of middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Callovian) sediments (2360-1725 m) resting on the granitic basement. The sediments are interpreted to have deposited under lacustrine/estuarine conditions with high tides providing occasional marine influence. The middle Jurassic sediments are conformably overlain by late Jurassic (Oxfordian–Tithonian) sediments (1725 - 950 m). The late Jurassic sediments have been inferred to have got deposited under fluctuating near shore-marginal marine conditions. There is a 55m thick boulder bed (950 - 895 m) separating the overlying Valanginian sediments. Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Early Albian) sediments are developed in the interval from 895-50m. The boulder bed possibly corresponds to the missing Berriasian stage of the earliest Cretaceous representing an unconformity of the order of ∽5 Ma across Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. These sediments are inferred to have deposited under shallow inner neritic conditions. The sediments from 50m to surface consist mainly of lateritic sandstone and alluvium. The sedimentary history of Palar basin began in Bajocian stage of middle Jurassic (170 -168 Ma) and ended in early Albian stage of early Cretaceous (113-105 Ma). The late Albian marine transgression which facilitated huge sedimentation in Cauvery and Krishna-Godavari basins has bypassed the Palar basin thus adversely affecting the hydrocarbon potential.
Reactivation and Strain Localisation in Bhavani Shear Zone, South India
Authors: Prasannakumar V. , Mccaig Andrew 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Shear markers and shear sense indicators from the Bhavani shear zone, a member of the shear system separating the northern Archaean and southern Pan African granulite terranes of the South Indian shield, with differently exhumed crustal blocks, suggest multiphase reactivation. This is revealed by textural and geochemical characteristics of mylonites which indicate an event of prograde epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism of the previously retrograded protolith of shear zone rocks. The amphibole varies progressively from an initial magnesio-hornblende to ferrotschermakitic hornblende with increasing Al and K while the plagioclase maintains oligoclase composition (An21-25). P-T estimates suggest metamorphic conditions of 634°C - 720°C at 3.6±0.5 to 5.8±0.5 kbar. Strain partitioning during the reactivation of the shear zone prior to the Pan African event, is responsible for the gradation in the intensity of mylonitic fabric as well as some of the opposing shear sense indicators.
Physical and occupational therapy outcomes: Adolescents’ change in functional abilities using objective measures and self-report
Authors: Kempert Heidi , Benore Ethan , Heines Rachel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Purpose
This study evaluates the clinical usefulness of patient-rated and objective measures to identify physically-oriented functional changes after an intensive chronic pain program in a pediatric setting. Past studies have demonstrated the importance of adolescents’ perception of their abilities and measurement tools used for rehabilitation outcomes within physical and occupational therapy; however, these tools used are not often easily utilized or have not been examined with a pediatric chronic pain population. In chronic pain rehabilitation, it is important to have a primary focus on functional improvement not on pain reduction as a leading outcome. This study examines how both self-report and objective physical activity measures can be meaningful constructs and can be used as reliable outcome measures. It was hypothesized that adolescents completing an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program would report functional gains from admission to discharge, and that perceived gains in physical ability would be associated with objective physical activities. Further, it was hypothesized that gains in functioning would be associated with mild pain reduction.

Methods
Data from 78 children and adolescents with chronic pain that participated in an intensive multidisciplinary treatment program completed self-report measures including the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI). In addition, adolescents were objectively monitored for repetitions of selected physical activities for 1 min intervals.

Results
Data demonstrated significant gains in all measures of functioning during the program. Correlations between self-report and objective outcomes suggest they are measuring similar yet distinct factors.

Conclusions
The LEFS, UEFI, and objective exercises provide a meaningful way to track progress in pediatric chronic pain rehabilitation. Despite similarities, they appear to track separate but related aspects of rehabilitation and capture important short-term response to rehabilitation. Both measures appear distinct from pain as an outcome. These findings increase our understanding of rehabilitation practices provide opportunities to promote clinical improvement in pediatric pain.

Implications
The use of self-report measures along with objective measures can help therapists gain understanding in regards to a patient’s insight and how that may impact their overall outcome compared to the use of a single outcome measure. Viewing these rated measures at any point in the rehabilitation process can be useful to facilitate discussion about challenges they can identify and how therapies can facilitate improvement and functional gains.
Slow or swift, your patients’ experience won’t drift: absence of correlation between physician productivity and the patient experience
Authors: Lenz Kasia , McRae Andrew , Wang Dongmei , Higgins Benjamin , Innes Grant , Cook Timothy , Lang Eddy 
Published: November 2016

AbsractObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between Emergency Physician (EP) productivity and patient satisfaction with Emergency Department (ED) care.MethodsThis retrospective observational study linked administrative and patient experience databases to measure correlations between the patient experience and EP productivity. The study was performed across three Calgary EDs (from June 2010 to July 2013). Patients>16 years old with completed Health Quality Council of Alberta (HQCA) ED Patient Experience Surveys were included. EP productivity was measured at the individual physician level and defined as the average number of patients seen per hour. The association between physician productivity and patient experience scores from six composite domains of the HQCA ED Patient Experience Survey were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients, linear regression modelling, and a path analysis.ResultsWe correlated 3,794 patient experience surveys with productivity data for 130 EPs. Very weak non-significant negative correlations existed between productivity and survey composites: “Staff Care and Communication” (r=-0.057, p=0.521), “Discharge Communication” (r=-0.144, p=0.102), and “Respect” (r=-0.027, p=0.760). Very weak, non-significant positive correlations existed between productivity and the composite domains: “Medication Communication” (r=0.003, p=0.974) and “Pain management” (r=0.020, p=0.824). A univariate general linear model yielded no statistically significant correlations between EP productivity and patient experience, and the path analysis failed to show a relationship between the variables.ConclusionWe found no correlation between EP productivity and the patient experience.
Concealed resuscitation-related injuries as reversible cause of recurrent arrest following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Han Kap Su , Lee Sung Woo , Park Kwang Hoon , Park Jong Su , Jung Jae Seung , Yu Cheol Woong , Kim Su Jin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA life-threatening cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-related injury can cause recurrent arrest after return of circulation. Such injuries are difficult to identify during resuscitation, and their contribution to failed resuscitation can be missed given the limitations of conventional CPR. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), increasingly being considered for selected patients with potentially reversible etiology of arrest, may identify previously occult CPR-related injuries by restoring arterial pressure and flow. Herein, we describe two cases of severe CPR-related injuries contributing to recurrent arrest. Each case had ECPR implemented within 60 minutes of the start of CPR. After the presumed cardiac etiology had been addressed with percutaneous coronary intervention, life-threatening cardiovascular injuries with recurrent arrest were noted, and resuscitative thoracotomy was performed under ECPR. One patient survived to hospital discharge.ECPR may provide an opportunity to identify and correct severe resuscitation-related injuries causing recurrent arrest. Chest compression depth >6 cm, especially in older women, may contribute to these injuries.
Supplementary Educational Models in Canadian Neurosurgery Residency Programs
Authors: Ryu Won Hyung A. , Chan Sonny , Sutherland Garnette R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground: The proposed implementation of work hour restrictions has presented a significant challenge of maintaining the quality of resident education and ensuring adequate hands-on experience that is essential for novice surgeons. To maintain the level of resident surgical competency, revision of the apprentice model of surgical education to include supplementary educational methods, such as laboratory and virtual reality (VR) simulations, have become frequent topics of discussion. We aimed to better understand the role of supplementary educational methods in Canadian neurosurgery residency training. Methods: An online survey was sent to program directors of all 14 Canadian neurosurgical residency programs and active resident members of the Canadian Neurosurgical Society (N=85). We asked 16 questions focusing on topics of surgeon perception, current implementation and barriers to supplementary educational models. Results: Of the 99 surveys sent, 8 out of 14 (57%) program directors and 37 out of 85 (44%) residents completed the survey. Of the 14 neurosurgery residency programs across Canada, 7 reported utilizing laboratory-based teaching within their educational plan, while only 3 programs reported using VR simulation as a supplementary teaching method. The biggest barriers to implementing supplementary educational methods were resident availability, lack of resources, and cost. Conclusions: Work-hour restrictions threaten to compromise the traditional apprentice model of surgical training. The potential value of supplementary educational methods for surgical education is evident, as reported by both program directors and residents across Canada. However, availability and utilization of laboratory and VR simulations are limited by numerous factors such as time constrains and lack of resources.
A Japanese diet with low glycaemic index and glycaemic load is associated with both favourable and unfavourable aspects of dietary intake patterns in three generations of women
Authors: Inomaki Ryoko , Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M Barbara E , Okubo Hitomi , Kobayashi Satomi , Suga Hitomi , Sasaki Satoshi ,   the Three-generation Study of Women on Diets and Health Study Group
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveWestern studies have suggested cultural differences in food and nutrient intake patterns associated with dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL). Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the GI and GL of Japanese diets in relation to food and nutrient intakes.DesignDietary intake was assessed using a validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire.SettingA total of thirty-five of forty-seven prefectures in Japan.SubjectsYoung (age 18 years), middle-aged (mean age 48 years) and older (mean age 74 years) Japanese women (n 3961, 3800 and 2202, respectively).ResultsIrrespective of age, a positive association with dietary GI was seen for white rice only, which contributed most (37–42 %) to the variation in dietary GI. Conversely, all other food groups (such as fruit and vegetable juice, dairy products, noodles and fruit) were negative predictors of dietary GI. For dietary GL, 95–96 % of variation was explained by carbohydrate-rich food groups, all of which were positive predictors of GL. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, only carbohydrate intake was positively associated with dietary GI and GL, irrespective of age. Conversely, dietary GI and GL were inversely associated with intakes of all other nutrients examined (including SFA and Na).ConclusionsA low-GI and -GL diet, which was characterized principally by a low intake of white rice, was associated with both favourable (higher intakes of dietary fibre and key vitamins and minerals) and unfavourable (higher intakes of SFA and Na) aspects of dietary intake patterns in three generations of Japanese women.
Enhancing psychosocial and spiritual palliative care: Four-year results of the program of comprehensive care for people with advanced illnesses and their families in Spain
Authors: Gómez-Batiste Xavier , Mateo-Ortega Dolors , Lasmarías Cristina , Novellas Anna , Espinosa Jose , Beas Elba , Ela Sara , Barbero Javier ,   FOR THE “LA CAIXA” FOUNDATION
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective:We aimed to describe the overall quantitative and qualitative results of a “La Caixa” Foundation and World Health Organization Collaborating Center Program entitled “Comprehensive Care for Patients with Advanced Illnesses and their Families” after four years of experience.Method:Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to assess the program. Quasiexperimental, prospective, multicenter, single-group, and pretest/posttest methods were utilized to assess the quantitative data. The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions was assessed at baseline (visit 1) and after four follow-up visits. The following dimensions were assessed: mood state, discomfort, anxiety, degree of adjustment or adaptation to disease, and suffering. We also assessed the four dimensions of the spiritual pain scale: faith or spiritual beliefs, valuable faith or spiritual beliefs, meaning in life, and peace of mind/forgiveness. Qualitative analyses were performed via surveys to evaluate stakeholder satisfaction.Results:We built 29 psychosocial support teams involving 133 professionals—mainly psychologists and social workers. During the study period, 8,964 patients and 11,810 family members attended. Significant improvements were observed in the psychosocial and spiritual dimensions assessed. Patients, family members, and stakeholders all showed high levels of satisfaction.Significance of Results:This model of psychosocial care could serve as an example for other countries that wish to improve psychosocial and spiritual support. Our results confirm that specific psychosocial interventions delivered by well-trained experts can help to ease suffering and discomfort in end-of-life and palliative care patients, particularly those with high levels of pain or emotional distress.
Electron-beam lithography for polymer bioMEMS with submicron features
Authors: Scholten Kee , Meng Ellis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present a method for submicron fabrication of flexible, thin-film structures fully encapsulated in biocompatible polymer poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (Parylene C) that improves feature size and resolution by an order of magnitude compared with prior work. We achieved critical dimensions as small as 250 nm by adapting electron beam lithography for use on vapor deposited Parylene-coated substrates and fabricated encapsulated metal structures, including conducting traces, serpentine resistors, and nano-patterned electrodes. Structures were probed electrically and mechanically demonstrating robust performance even under flexion or torsion. The developed fabrication process for electron beam lithography on Parylene-coated substrates and characterization of the resulting structures are presented in addition to a discussion of the challenges of applying electron beam lithography to polymers. As an application of the technique, a Parylene-based neural probe prototype was fabricated with 32 recording sites patterned along a 2 mm long shank, an electrode density surpassing any prior polymer probe.
Structural basis of GM-CSF and IL-2 sequestration by the viral decoy receptor GIF
Authors: Felix Jan , Kandiah Eaazhisai , De Munck Steven , Bloch Yehudi , van Zundert Gydo C.P. , Pauwels Kris , Dansercoer Ann , Novanska Katka , Read Randy J. , Bonvin Alexandre M.J.J. , Vergauwen Bjorn , Verstraete Kenneth , Gutsche Irina , Savvides Savvas N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSubversion of the host immune system by viruses is often mediated by molecular decoys that sequester host proteins pivotal to mounting effective immune responses. The widespread mammalian pathogen parapox Orf virus deploys GIF, a member of the poxvirus immune evasion superfamily, to antagonize GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and IL-2 (interleukin-2), two pleiotropic cytokines of the mammalian immune system. However, structural and mechanistic insights into the unprecedented functional duality of GIF have remained elusive. Here we reveal that GIF employs a dimeric binding platform that sequesters two copies of its target cytokines with high affinity and slow dissociation kinetics to yield distinct complexes featuring mutually exclusive interaction footprints. We illustrate how GIF serves as a competitive decoy receptor by leveraging binding hotspots underlying the cognate receptor interactions of GM-CSF and IL-2, without sharing any structural similarity with the cytokine receptors. Our findings contribute to the tracing of novel molecular mimicry mechanisms employed by pathogenic viruses.
Saponin-based adjuvants induce cross-presentation in dendritic cells by intracellular lipid body formation
Authors: den Brok Martijn H. , Büll Christian , Wassink Melissa , de Graaf Annemarie M. , Wagenaars Jori A. , Minderman Marthe , Thakur Mayank , Amigorena Sebastian , Rijke Eric O. , Schrier Carla C. , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSaponin-based adjuvants (SBAs) are being used in animal and human (cancer) vaccines, as they induce protective cellular immunity. Their adjuvant potency is a factor of inflammasome activation and enhanced antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), but how antigen cross-presentation is induced is not clear. Here we show that SBAs uniquely induce intracellular lipid bodies (LBs) in the CD11b+ DC subset in vitro and in vivo. Using genetic and pharmacological interference in models for vaccination and in situ tumour ablation, we demonstrate that LB induction is causally related to the saponin-dependent increase in cross-presentation and T-cell activation. These findings link adjuvant activity to LB formation, aid the application of SBAs as a cancer vaccine component, and will stimulate development of new adjuvants enhancing T-cell-mediated immunity.
Several posttranslational modifications act in concert to regulate gephyrin scaffolding and GABAergic transmission
Authors: Ghosh Himanish , Auguadri Luca , Battaglia Sereina , Simone Thirouin Zahra , Zemoura Khaled , Messner Simon , Acuña Mario A. , Wildner Hendrik , Yévenes Gonzalo E. , Dieter Andrea , Kawasaki Hiroshi , O. Hottiger Michael , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Fritschy Jean-Marc , Tyagarajan Shiva K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate the majority of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain via synergistic association with the postsynaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin and its interaction partners. However, unlike their counterparts at glutamatergic synapses, gephyrin and its binding partners lack canonical protein interaction motifs; hence, the molecular basis for gephyrin scaffolding has remained unclear. In this study, we identify and characterize two new posttranslational modifications of gephyrin, SUMOylation and acetylation. We demonstrate that crosstalk between SUMOylation, acetylation and phosphorylation pathways regulates gephyrin scaffolding. Pharmacological intervention of SUMO pathway or transgenic expression of SUMOylation-deficient gephyrin variants rescued gephyrin clustering in CA1 or neocortical neurons of Gabra2-null mice, which otherwise lack gephyrin clusters, indicating that gephyrin SUMO modification is an essential determinant for scaffolding at GABAergic synapses. Together, our results demonstrate that concerted modifications on a protein scaffold by evolutionarily conserved yet functionally diverse signalling pathways facilitate GABAergic transmission.
Practical challenges in quantum key distribution
Authors: Diamanti Eleni , Lo Hoi-Kwong , Qi Bing , Yuan Zhiliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security in data communication and is currently being deployed in commercial applications. Nonetheless, before QKD can be widely adopted, it faces a number of important challenges such as secret key rate, distance, size, cost and practical security. Here, we survey those key challenges and the approaches that are currently being taken to address them.