bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postharvest monitoring of organic potato (cv. Anuschka) during hot‐air drying using visible–NIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Moscetti Roberto , Sturm Barbara , Crichton Stuart OJ , Amjad Waseem , Massantini Riccardo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential of hyperspectral imaging (500–1010 nm) was evaluated for monitoring of the quality of potato slices (var. Anuschka) of 5, 7 and 9 mm thickness subjected to air drying at 50 °C. The study investigated three different feature selection methods for the prediction of dry basis moisture content and colour of potato slices using partial least squares regression (PLS).RESULTSThe feature selection strategies tested include interval PLS regression (iPLS), and differences and ratios between raw reflectance values for each possible pair of wavelengths (R[λ1]–R[λ2] and R[λ1]:R[λ2], respectively). Moreover, the combination of spectral and spatial domains was tested. Excellent results were obtained using the iPLS algorithm. However, features from both datasets of raw reflectance differences and ratios represent suitable alternatives for development of low‐complex prediction models. Finally, the dry basis moisture content was high accurately predicted by combining spectral data (i.e. R[511 nm]–R[994 nm]) and spatial domain (i.e. relative area shrinkage of slice).CONCLUSIONSModelling the data acquired during drying through hyperspectral imaging can provide useful information concerning the chemical and physicochemical changes of the product. With all this information, the proposed approach lays the foundations for a more efficient smart dryer that can be designed and its process optimized for drying of potato slices. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological activities ofAgaveby‐products and their possible applications in food and pharmaceuticals
Authors: López‐Romero Julio Cesar , Ayala‐Zavala Jesús Fernando , González‐Aguilar Gustavo Adolfo , Peña‐Ramos Etna Aida , González‐Ríos Humberto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAgaveleaves are considered a by‐product of alcoholic beverage production (tequila, mezcal and bacanora) because they are discarded during the production process, despite accounting for approximately 50% of the total plant weight. These by‐products constitute a potential source ofAgaveextracts rich in bioactive compounds, such as saponins, phenolic compounds and terpenes, and possess different biological effects, as demonstrated byin vitroandin vivotests (e.g. antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antiparasitic and anticancer activity). Despite their positive results in biological assays,Agaveextracts have not been widely evaluated in food systems and pharmaceutical areas, and these fields represent a potential route to improve the usage ofAgaveplants as food additives and agents for treating medical diseases. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Anisotropic Linear and Volumetric Thermal‐Expansion Behaviors of Self‐Standing Polyimide Films Analyzed by Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) and Optical Interferometry
Authors: Ando Shinji , Sekiguchi Kenji , Mizoroki Masashi , Okada Tomohiro , Ishige Ryohei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe relationships between the molecular structure, polymer chain orientation, β‐transition temperature, and the coefficients of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane linear thermal expansions (CTE, α), as well as the coefficients of volumetric thermal expansion (CVE, β), are extensively examined for ten types of self‐standing aromatic polyimide (PI) films via thermomechanical analysis, near‐infrared optical interferometry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The out‐of‐plane CTEs (α⊥) of PI films having rigid‐rod structures are 20–40 times larger than their in‐plane CTEs (α//), whereas the α⊥ values of PI films having bent linkages in the main chains are comparable to their α// values. In addition, the values of normalized anisotropy in CTE for PIs (η), defined as (α⊥ −α//)/β, are proportional to the orientation coefficients (P200) estimated from the in‐plane/out‐of‐plane birefringence (Δn) and molecular polarizability tensor. Furthermore, larger CVE values are observed for PIs exhibiting lower β‐relaxation temperatures (Tβ), at which localized molecular motion occurs. In contrast, smaller CVE values are observed for PIs exhibiting higher Tβs because their local molecular motions are suppressed due to the structural rigidity and dense molecular packing.
Building prime models in fully good abstract elementary classes
Authors: Vasey Sebastien 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe show how to build prime models in classes of saturated models of abstract elementary classes (AECs) having a well‐behaved independence relation: Let be an almost fully good AEC that is categorical in and has the ‐existence property for domination triples. For any , the class of Galois saturated models of of size λ has prime models over every set of the form . This generalizes an argument of Shelah, who proved the result when λ is a successor cardinal.
Modulation of Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue MicroRNA Profile Associated with Changes in Adiposity‐Related Parameters
Authors: Giardina Simona , Hernández‐Alonso Pablo , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Rabassa‐Soler Antoni , Bulló Mònica 
Published: October 2017

ScopeTo analyze the effect of three calorie‐restricted diets with different amount and quality of carbohydrates on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) microRNA (miRNA) profile.Methods and results6‐month parallel, randomized trial conducted on overweight and obese subjects randomized to: 1) low glycemic index diet (LGI), 2) high glycemic index diet (HGI), and 3) low‐fat (LF). The genome‐wide SAT miRNA profile was assessed in eight randomly selected participants and the most relevant changing miRNAs (n = 13) were validated in 48 subjects. None of the miRNAs showed significant changes between the intervention groups. However, changes in some of them correlated with changes in biochemical and anthropometric variables. Stratifying our population according to tertiles of percentage change in body weight (BW), we observed a significant down‐regulation of miR‐210 in those subjects in Tertile 1 as compared to Tertile 3. When our population was stratified by tertiles of waist circumference, miR‐132, miR‐29a, miR‐34a, and miR‐378 were found to be significantly down‐regulated, in T2 compared to T3. Furthermore, when stratified by tertiles of fat mass, we also observed the significant down‐regulation of miR‐132 in T1.ConclusionThe macronutrient composition of a calorie‐restricted diet does not affect the expression of the miRNAs analyzed, while changes in adiposity play a primary regulatory role.
Parametric study of the smooth‐joint contact model on the mechanical behavior of jointed rock
Authors: Hu Wanrui , Kwok C.Y. , Duan Kang , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe smooth‐joint contact model based on distinct element method has been widely used to represent discontinuity in the simulation of fractured rock mass, but there is rare efficient guidance for the selection of proper parameters of smooth‐joint contact model, which is the basement for using this model properly. In this paper, the effect of smooth joint parameters on the macroscopic properties and failure mechanism of jointed rock under triaxial compression test is investigated. The numerical results reveal that the friction coefficient of smooth joint plays a dominant role in controlling mechanical behaviors. The stiffness of smooth joint has a relative small influence on the mechanical behaviors. Poisson ratio decreases with the reduction of normal stiffness but increases with the reduction of shear stiffness. The reduction of smooth joint strength, which is determined by normal strength, cohesion, and friction angle of smooth joint, contributes to the breakage of bonded smooth joint and ultimately decreases the strength of the specimen. We proposed a detailed calibration process for smooth‐joint contact model according to the relationship between smooth‐joint parameters and mechanical properties. By following this process, the numerical results are validated against corresponding experimental results and good agreement between them can be found in stress‐strain curves and failure modes of different joint orientations. Further analyses from the microperspective are performed by looking at transmission of contact force, the nature and distribution of microcracks, and the particle displacement to show the failure process and failure modes.
Health Professionals' perceptions of insurance coverage for weight loss services
Authors: Doshi R. S. , Bleich S. N. , Gudzune K. A. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo examine health professionals' (HPs) perceptions of top challenges and solutions in obesity care, and whether these perceptions differ by patient‐panel income level.MethodsA 2014 national cross‐sectional survey of HPs in nutrition, nursing, behavioural or mental health, exercise and pharmacy was analysed. The dependent variables were identification of insurance coverage for their services as a top (1) challenge or (2) solution for obesity care. The independent variable was self‐reported income distribution of HPs' patient panels, which was dichotomized as ‘lower‐income’ if ‘mostly low income’ or ‘higher‐income’ if ‘mostly not low income/evenly split between low‐income and not low‐income’. Multivariate logistic regression with survey weights was used.ResultsAmong 450 HPs, mean age was 44.9 years; 86% were women; 44% had lower‐income panels. Overall, 25% of HPs endorsed insurance coverage as a current challenge, and 58% viewed improved coverage as a solution. HPs with lower and higher‐income patient panels were similarly likely to identify coverage as a challenge (28% vs. 20%, p = 0.33) and benefits expansion as a solution (47% vs. 64%, p = 0.08).ConclusionsMost HPs perceive insurance coverage for their services to benefit patient weight loss. While the Affordable Care Act expands obesity counselling coverage to many lower‐income patients, legislation increasing access to benefits for all patients regardless of insurance type may be beneficial.
Analysis of renal blood flow and renal volume in normal fetuses and in fetuses with a solitary functioning kidney
Authors: Hindryckx An , Raaijmakers Anke , Levtchenko Elena , Allegaert Karel , De Catte Luc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate renal blood flow and renal volume for the prediction of postnatal renal function in fetuses with solitary functioning kidney (SFK).MethodsSeventy‐four SFK fetuses (unilateral renal agenesis [12], multicystic dysplastic kidney [36], and severe renal dysplasia [26]) were compared with 58 healthy fetuses. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the renal artery (RA) were measured; 2D and 3D (VOCAL) volumes were calculated. Renal length and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were obtained in SFK children (2 years).ResultsCompared with the control group, the PSV RA was significantly lower in nonfunctioning kidneys and significantly higher in SFK. Volume measurements indicated a significantly larger volume of SFK compared with healthy kidneys. All but 4 children had GFR above 70 mL/min/1.73 m2, and compensatory hypertrophy was present in 69% at 2 years. PSV RA and SFK volume correlated with postnatal renal hypertrophy. No correlation between prenatal and postnatal SFK volume and GFR at 2 years was demonstrated.ConclusionLow PSV RA might have a predictive value for diagnosing a nonfunctioning kidney in fetuses with a SFK. We demonstrated a higher PSV RA and larger renal volume in the SFK compared with healthy kidneys.
Impact of Ketamine Use on Adjunctive Analgesic and Sedative Medications in Critically Ill Trauma Patients
Authors: Pruskowski Kaitlin A. , Harbourt Kelly , Pajoumand Mehrnaz , Chui Sai‐Ho Jason , Reynolds H. Neal 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundKetamine may be used to manage pain and agitation that is refractory to what are usually considered traditional agents such as fentanyl, propofol, benzodiazepines, and dexmedetomidine; however, literature describing the use of ketamine continuous infusions for this purpose in critically ill trauma patients is limited.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of the initiation of a ketamine continuous infusion on sedative and analgesic use in critically ill trauma patients. Secondary objectives were to identify the patient population in which ketamine was initiated, assess the proportion of time patients were at their goal level of sedation, and determine the dosing patterns of adjunctive sedative agents.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective chart review over a 19‐month period included critically ill mechanically ventilated adult trauma patients in whom a ketamine continuous infusion was initiated for management of sedation and agitation. Patients who received ketamine for other indications or by the acute pain management service were not included in this evaluation.ResultsThirty‐six patients were included in the study. Patients in whom ketamine was initiated tended to be white men with blunt trauma. Overall, the initiation of ketamine was associated with a decrease in the amount of opioids and propofol used and an increase in the amount of ziprasidone and dexmedetomidine needed to achieve the goal Richmond Agitation Sedation Score. When compared with the time period before ketamine initiation, the proportion of time that patients achieved goal sedation was not significantly different after the addition of ketamine.ConclusionsAlthough the use of ketamine in critically ill mechanically ventilated adult trauma patients was associated with decreased opioid use, it was also associated with increased use of dexmedetomidine and ziprasidone to achieve and maintain sedation. Further examination of clinical outcomes associated with these differences in drug use in a larger population of trauma patients is warranted before routine use of ketamine for analgesia and sedation can be recommended.
A Pharmacist‐Led Program to Evaluate and Reduce Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Older HIV‐Positive Patients
Authors: McNicholl Ian R. , Gandhi Monica , Hare C. Bradley , Greene Meredith , Pierluissi Edgar 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe goal of this pharmacist‐led study was to utilize two validated instruments, Beers Criteria and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP), to assess potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in older patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and evaluate pharmacist interventions.DesignProspective randomized interventional trial.SettingLarge urban clinic providing interdisciplinary primary and HIV care for ~2700 HIV‐positive publicly insured patients.Data SourceA computerized electronic record search was conducted for all patients who met the two search criteria: 50 years and older, and a primary care appointment within the last 12 months.PatientsAfter identification of 857 patients meeting the search criteria, 324 patients were randomly selected and contacted, resulting in 248 patients assessed.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients had a mean age of 58 years, 71% male, 44% white, and a mean CD4 count of 536 cells/mm3. Common comorbidities included hypertension (56%), depression (52%), asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (48%), dyslipidemia (39%), coronary artery disease (27%), and diabetes (22%). Patients sampled were prescribed a mean of 11.6 ± 5.7 concomitant medications (excluding antiretrovirals) with 35% receiving at least 16 medications. PIP was identified in 54% and 63% of patients using the STOPP and Beers Criteria, respectively. Twenty‐five contraindicated drug interactions were identified in 20 patients. After the pharmacist visit, at least 69% of patients had at least one medication discontinued with almost 10% having six or more medications discontinued. More than 40% of patients had at least one Beers or STOPP criteria that required immediate correction by the pharmacist.ConclusionsResults suggest that targeting individuals with 11 or more chronic medications would have the highest yield and greatest impact. Pharmacist‐led review of medication prescribing using Beers and STOPP criteria revealed a large number of PIP, many amenable to immediate clinical pharmacist intervention.
Evaluation and Treatment of Acute and Subacute Hearing Loss: A Review of Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Fazel Maryam T. , Jedlowski Patrick M. , Cravens Robert B. , Erstad Brian L. 
Published: October 2017

Among various forms of hearing loss, there are acute (within 72 hrs) or subacute (weeks to months) presentations that may be reversible with early pharmacological intervention. The workup of a patient presenting with hypoacusia includes the usual history and physical examination in conjunction with an audiometric assessment in order to categorize the hearing loss as conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and autoimmune inner ear disease are acute and subacute forms of sensorineural hypoacusia most likely to be reversed with prompt pharmacological intervention. Systemic or local corticosteroid therapy has the most evidence of benefit in patients with sudden sensorineural hypoacusia and is the best available first line therapy noted in clinical practice guidelines. Alternative immunosuppressant therapies have not been well studied, and many have serious toxicities that further complicate the benefit‐risk assessment. There are no randomized comparisons of corticosteroid dosing regimens that evaluated clinically important outcomes, so expert opinion must serve as the basis for dosing recommendations. Clinicians need to involve patients with hypoacusia in the shared decision‐making process, since partial or complete reversal of hearing loss can have substantial quality‐of‐life implications for affected patients.
Deformation mechanisms in uniaxial‐oriented semi‐crystalline PET‐films as a function of orientation to tensile direction
Authors: Fritz‐Popovski Gerhard , Feuchter Michael , Maier Guenther A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene terephthalate) films with oriented lamellar structure were deformed in tensile experiments and investigated in situ using small angle X‐ray scattering. The tensile direction was set parallel, normal and in an angle of 45° relative to the surface normal of the lamellae. Data were interpreted in terms of two‐dimensional autocorrelation functions. The deformation of lattice spacing and lamellar orientation can largely be explained by affine transformations. The sample, where the lamellar surface normal was normal to tensile direction, developed a chequerboard type arrangement of crystalline parts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 159–169
Oxyresveratrol, a Stilbene Compound from Morus alba L. Twig Extract Active Against Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Lu Hai‐Peng , Jia Ya‐Nan , Peng Ya‐Lin , Yu Yan , Sun Si‐Long , Yue Meng‐Ting , Pan Min‐Hui , Zeng Ling‐Shu , Xu Li 
Published: October 2017

Morus alba L. (mulberry) twig is known to have an inhibitory effect on pathogens in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the dermophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum, was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of total M. alba twig extract and extracts obtained using solvents with different polarities by the method of 96‐well MTT colorimetry. The main active substance was isolated and identified by tracking its activity. In addition, the inhibitory effects of active extracts and a single active substance were investigated in combination with miconazole nitrate. Our data indicated that ethyl acetate extracts of mulberry twig (TEE) exhibited a desired inhibitory activity on T. rubrum with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.000 mg/mL. With activity tracking, the main substance showing antimicrobial activity was oxyresveratrol (OXY), which was isolated from TEE. Its MIC for inhibiting the growth of T. rubrum was 0.500 mg/mL. The combined use of miconazole nitrate and OXY showed a synergistic inhibitory effect, as shown by a significant decrease in the MIC of both components. Based on the OXY content in TEE, the contribution rate of OXY to the inhibitory effect of TEE on T. rubrum was 80.52%, so it was determined to be the main antimicrobial substance in M. alba twig. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dose–Response Effects of p‐Synephrine on Fat Oxidation Rate During Exercise of Increasing Intensity
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Hellín Jorge , Del Coso Juan 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects different doses of p‐synephrine on maximal fat oxidation during exercise. Seventeen healthy subjects volunteered to participate in a double‐blind and randomised experimental design composed of four identical experimental trials. On four trials separated by 72 h, participants ingested a placebo or 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg of p‐synephrine. After resting for 60 min to allow substance absorption, participants performed an exercise test of increasing intensity on a cycle ergometer while gas exchange was measured continuously. None of the doses of p‐synephrine affected energy expenditure or heart rates during the test. The highest rate of fat oxidation with the placebo (0.35 ± 0.05 g/min) was reached at 38.0 ± 1.9% of VO2max. The ingestion of 1 mg/kg increased maximal fat oxidation to 0.47 ± 0.11 g/min (p = 0.01) but did not change the intensity at which it was obtained (42.0 ± 9.4% of VO2max). The ingestion of 2 and 3 mg/kg of p‐synephrine increased maximal fat oxidation to 0.55 ± 0.14 g/min (p < 0.01), although only 3 mg/kg slightly changed the intensity at which it was obtained (43.0 ± 9.5% of VO2max, p < 0.01). In conclusion, although all p‐synephrine increased the maximal rate of fat oxidation during exercise, the highest effects were found with 2 and 3 mg/kg. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An architecture for robust UAV navigation in GPS‐denied areas
Authors: Perez‐Grau Francisco J. , Ragel Ricardo , Caballero Fernando , Viguria Antidio , Ollero Anibal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article presents a software architecture for safe and reliable autonomous navigation of aerial robots in GPS‐denied areas. The techniques employed within key modules from this architecture are explained in detail, such as a six‐dimensional localization approach based on visual odometry and Monte Carlo localization, or a variant of the Lazy Theta* algorithm for motion planning. The aerial robot used to demonstrate this approach has been extensively tested over the past 2 years for localization and state estimation without any external positioning systems, autonomous local obstacle avoidance, and local path planning among other tasks. This article describes the architecture and main algorithms used to achieve these goals to build a robust autonomous system.
Direct Readout of Single Nucleobase Variations in an Oligonucleotide
Authors: Cao Chan , Yu Jie , Li Meng‐Yin , Wang Ya‐Qian , Tian He , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDirect, low‐cost, label‐free, and enzyme‐free identification of single nucleobase is a great challenge for genomic studies. Here, this study reports that wild‐type aerolysin can directly identify the difference of four types of single nucleobase (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) in a free DNA oligomer while avoiding the operations of additional DNA immobilization, adapter incorporation, and the use of the processing enzyme. The nanoconfined space of aerolysin enables DNA molecules to be limited in the narrow pore. Moreover, aerolysin exhibits an unexpected capability of detecting DNA oligomers at the femtomolar concentration. In the future, by virtue of the high sensitivity of aerolysin and its high capture ability for DNA oligomers, aerolysin will play an important role in the studies of single nucleobase variations and open up new avenues for a broad range of nucleic‐acid‐based sensing and disease diagnosis.