bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential TLR activation of murine mesenchymal stem cells generates distinct immunomodulatory effects in EAE
Authors: Vega-Letter Ana María , Kurte Mónica , Fernández-O’Ryan Catalina , Gauthier-Abeliuk Melanie , Fuenzalida Patricia , Moya-Uribe Ivón , Altamirano Claudia , Figueroa Fernando , Irarrázabal Carlos , Carrión Flavio 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Recently, it has been observed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate their immunoregulatory properties depending on the specific in-vitro activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLR), such as TLR3 and TLR4. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment on the immunological capacity of MSCs in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived MSCs were pretreated with poly(I:C) and LPS for 1 hour and their immunomodulatory capacity was evaluated. T-cell proliferation and their effect on Th1, Th17, and Treg differentiation/activation were measured. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSCs in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, which was induced for 27 days with MOG35–55 peptide following the standard protocol. Mice were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection (2 × 106 MSCs/100 μl) on day 4. Clinical score and body weight were monitored daily by blinded analysis. At day 27, mice were euthanized and draining lymph nodes were extracted for Th1, Th17, and Treg detection by flow cytometry.

Results
Pretreatment of MSCs with poly(I:C) significantly reduced the proliferation of CD3+ T cells as well as nitric oxide secretion, an important immunosuppressive factor. Furthermore, MSCs treated with poly(I:C) reduced the differentiation/activation of proinflammatory lymphocytes, Th1 and Th17. In contrast, MSCs pretreated with LPS increased CD3+ T-cell proliferation, and induced Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as the levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Finally, we observed that intraperitoneal administration of MSCs pretreated with poly(I:C) significantly reduced the severity of EAE as well as the percentages of Th1 and Th17 proinflammatory subsets, while the pretreatment of MSCs with LPS completely reversed the therapeutic immunosuppressive effect of MSCs.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data show that pretreatment of MSCs with poly(I:C) improved their immunosuppressive abilities. This may provide an opportunity to better define strategies for cell-based therapies to autoimmune diseases.
Mesenchymal stem cells enhance the oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus in glioma cells and glioma stem cells via the secretion of TRAIL
Authors: Kazimirsky Gila , Jiang Wei , Slavin Shimon , Ziv-Av Amotz , Brodie Chaya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundNewcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus, which selectively exerts oncolytic effects in cancer cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to affect tumor growth and deliver anti-tumor agents to experimental glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we explored the effects of NDV-infected MSCs derived from different sources, on glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the mechanisms involved in their effects.MethodsThe glioma cell lines (A172 and U87) and primary GSCs that were generated from GBM tumors were used in this study. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord were infected with NDV (MTH-68/H). The ability of these cells to deliver the virus to glioma cell lines and GSCs and the effects of NDV-infected MSCs on cell death and on the stemness and self-renewal of GSCs were examined. The mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic effects of the NDV-infected MSCs and their influence on the radiation sensitivity of GSCs were examined as well.ResultsNDV induced a dose-dependent cell death in glioma cells and a low level of apoptosis and inhibition of self-renewal in GSCs. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose and umbilical cord that were infected with NDV delivered the virus to co-cultured glioma cells and GSCs. Conditioned medium of NDV-infected MSCs induced higher level of apoptosis in the tumor cells compared with the apoptosis induced by their direct infection with similar virus titers. These results suggest that factor(s) secreted by the infected MSCs sensitized the glioma cells to the cytotoxic effects of NDV. We identified TRAIL as a mediator of the cytotoxic effects of the infected MSCs and demonstrated that TRAIL synergized with NDV in the induction of cell death in glioma cells and GSCs. Moreover, conditioned medium of infected MSCs enhanced the sensitivity of GSCs to γ-radiation.ConclusionsNDV-infected umbilical cord-derived MSCs may provide a novel effective therapeutic approach for targeting GSCs and GBM and for sensitizing these tumors to γ-radiation.
Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies
Authors: Kjell Jacob , Olson Lars 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
A long-standing goal of spinal cord injury research is to develop effective spinal cord repair strategies for the clinic. Rat models of spinal cord injury provide an important mammalian model in which to evaluate treatment strategies and to understand the pathological basis of spinal cord injuries. These models have facilitated the development of robust tests for assessing the recovery of locomotor and sensory functions. Rat models have also allowed us to understand how neuronal circuitry changes following spinal cord injury and how recovery could be promoted by enhancing spontaneous regenerative mechanisms and by counteracting intrinsic inhibitory factors. Rat studies have also revealed possible routes to rescuing circuitry and cells in the acute stage of injury. Spatiotemporal and functional studies in these models highlight the therapeutic potential of manipulating inflammation, scarring and myelination. In addition, potential replacement therapies for spinal cord injury, including grafts and bridges, stem primarily from rat studies. Here, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of rat experimental spinal cord injury models and summarize knowledge gained from these models. We also discuss how an emerging understanding of different forms of injury, their pathology and degree of recovery has inspired numerous treatment strategies, some of which have led to clinical trials.
Exploring human disease using the Rat Genome Database
Authors: Shimoyama Mary , Laulederkind Stanley J. F. , De Pons Jeff , Nigam Rajni , Smith Jennifer R. , Tutaj Marek , Petri Victoria , Hayman G. Thomas , Wang Shur-Jen , Ghiasvand Omid , Thota Jyothi , Dwinell Melinda R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Rattus norvegicus, the laboratory rat, has been a crucial model for studies of the environmental and genetic factors associated with human diseases for over 150 years. It is the primary model organism for toxicology and pharmacology studies, and has features that make it the model of choice in many complex-disease studies. Since 1999, the Rat Genome Database (RGD; http://rgd.mcw.edu) has been the premier resource for genomic, genetic, phenotype and strain data for the laboratory rat. The primary role of RGD is to curate rat data and validate orthologous relationships with human and mouse genes, and make these data available for incorporation into other major databases such as NCBI, Ensembl and UniProt. RGD also provides official nomenclature for rat genes, quantitative trait loci, strains and genetic markers, as well as unique identifiers. The RGD team adds enormous value to these basic data elements through functional and disease annotations, the analysis and visual presentation of pathways, and the integration of phenotype measurement data for strains used as disease models. Because much of the rat research community focuses on understanding human diseases, RGD provides a number of datasets and software tools that allow users to easily explore and make disease-related connections among these datasets. RGD also provides comprehensive human and mouse data for comparative purposes, illustrating the value of the rat in translational research. This article introduces RGD and its suite of tools and datasets to researchers – within and beyond the rat community – who are particularly interested in leveraging rat-based insights to understand human diseases.
From integrative genomics to systems genetics in the rat to link genotypes to phenotypes
Authors: Moreno-Moral Aida , Petretto Enrico 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Complementary to traditional gene mapping approaches used to identify the hereditary components of complex diseases, integrative genomics and systems genetics have emerged as powerful strategies to decipher the key genetic drivers of molecular pathways that underlie disease. Broadly speaking, integrative genomics aims to link cellular-level traits (such as mRNA expression) to the genome to identify their genetic determinants. With the characterization of several cellular-level traits within the same system, the integrative genomics approach evolved into a more comprehensive study design, called systems genetics, which aims to unravel the complex biological networks and pathways involved in disease, and in turn map their genetic control points. The first fully integrated systems genetics study was carried out in rats, and the results, which revealed conserved trans-acting genetic regulation of a pro-inflammatory network relevant to type 1 diabetes, were translated to humans. Many studies using different organisms subsequently stemmed from this example. The aim of this Review is to describe the most recent advances in the fields of integrative genomics and systems genetics applied in the rat, with a focus on studies of complex diseases ranging from inflammatory to cardiometabolic disorders. We aim to provide the genetics community with a comprehensive insight into how the systems genetics approach came to life, starting from the first integrative genomics strategies [such as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping] and concluding with the most sophisticated gene network-based analyses in multiple systems and disease states. Although not limited to studies that have been directly translated to humans, we will focus particularly on the successful investigations in the rat that have led to primary discoveries of genes and pathways relevant to human disease.
‘You’ve got to keep looking, looking, looking’: Craft thinking and authenticity
Authors: Kettley Sarah 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article outlines the foundations of an enquiry into the relationship between craft and authenticity. It provides a description of how authenticity is evolving as a philosophical concept, and what this might mean for claiming an authentic contemporary practice. It then illustrates an inconsistency in schematic analyses of craft and design thinking, which may be a barrier to the appraisal of craft as a form of ‘authentic’ cognition. The author’s personal evolution of visual conceptualizations of craft thinking is revealed through an enquiry into a decade of a digital craft practice reflexively differentiated from Human–Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and Product Design. A novel framework is proposed for situating authenticity in craft in line with relational philosophy, comprising individual, social and ecological forms of practice, and the framework is applied to a recent multidisciplinary digital craft project. Further research into craft thinking using schematics is recommended.
Publication Reviews
Authors: Woolley Martin , Bloodworth Jo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Practice of Misuse – Rugged Consumerism in Contemporary American Culture, Raymond Malewitz (2014) California: Stanford University Press, 240 pp., ISBN: 9780804792998, h/bk, $55
The Art of Cutting, Jean-Charles Trebbi (ed.) (2015) Barcelona, Spain: Promopress, 160 pp., ISBN-13: 9788415967156, h/bk, £24.95
Mao goes pop online: Game art worlds in China
Authors: Jim Alice Ming Wai 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Among the most significant examples of new media art in China to first receive critical attention are those that tend towards re-engineering early video games while riffing off on aspects of the 1990s’ ‘political pop’ movement. Are these works the product of, or interventions into, the current parameters established for Chinese media, political censorship and game worlds? How might they reflect the fault lines of the growing interest in networked cultures and participatory media in contemporary art and in general? Through personal vignettes and playful moments, this article argues that one of the politico-cultural implications of the Mao Goes Pop art movement going digital concerns the link between digital art’s ‘precarious playbour’, the rise of gaming in Asia, and emergent techno-Orientalist discourses about media art and technologies in China. Since the 1990s, game art by Feng Mengbo (b. 1966) and other artists is introspective of not only the transnational art world but of global media convergence as well.
Space Matters: The Industrial Loft, Participatory Politics, and the Paula Cooper Gallery, circa 1968
Authors: Kelly Patricia 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Opening in SoHo in 1968, the Paula Cooper Gallery defied conventional expectations. Situated in a renovated industrial loft, at the time a new typology of exhibition space, the gallery was from its inception more than just a site for the large-scale minimalist production that Cooper championed. It also housed a range of experimental, ephemeral activities, including poetry readings, dance and musical performances, and community-based events. Extending some of the practices that Cooper honed during her tenure as director of Park Place, the Paula Cooper Gallery broadened the definition of a commercial art gallery. In its early years, it served as a precursor to alternative art venues of the early 1970s, providing a contextual framing for the work on view, and initiating a participatory and dynamic art space.
Defrosting the Icebox: A Contextual Analysis of Andy Warhol’s Raid the Icebox 1
Authors: Musteata Natalie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article provides a contextual analysis of Andy Warhol’s landmark exhibition Raid the Icebox 1 (1969) at the Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design. Unconventional in both content and installation, it is one of the earliest exhibitions organized by an artist from a museum’s permanent collection. Unlike previous studies, which analyse the exhibition through Warhol’s biography or artistic practice, this article focuses on the institution and the artist-curator. While the museum sought to render its historical treasures relevant to a younger generation, I argue that Warhol enacted a form of institutional critique that undermined hierarchies of display, value and authority.
Curatorial ‘Translations’: The Case of Marcel Duchamp’s Green Box
Authors: Stainforth Elizabeth , Thompson Glyn 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In curatorial studies, translation is a trope that is beginning to define a mode of praxis, through which the mediating role of the curator has developed into a methodology that entails principles of categorization, montage, displacement and assembly. The artist Marcel Duchamp is famous for the popularization of such techniques in the modern and contemporary art context. Furthermore, the theme of translation informs interpretations of his art in differing and unexpected ways, as well as influencing its reception by English-speaking audiences. This article negotiates the tension between artist and curator and explores the concept of curatorial translation in three exhibitions of Duchamp’s work. The Green Box (1934) – and its contentious presentation as a verbal exposition of the seminal piece, the Large Glass (1915–23) – is the key work through which this concept of translation will be examined.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Alisauskas Alexandra , Snowball Alison , German Emma , Doherty Shauna Jean 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
LEAP BEFORE YOU LOOK: BLACK MOUNTAIN COLLEGE 1933–1957 Curated by Helen Molesworth and Ruth Erickson, organized by the Institute of Contemporary Art/Boston, Boston, 10 October 2015 – 24 January 2016. Travelling to Hammer Museum, University of California, Los Angeles, 21 February – 14 May 2016, and Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, 17 September 2016 – 1 January 2017.
HIPPIE MODERNISM: THE STRUGGLE FOR UTOPIA Curated by Andrew Blauvelt, organized by the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 24 October 2015 – 28 February 2016. Travelling to Cranbrook Art Museum, Bloomfield Hills, 19 June – 9 October 2016, and University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, 8 February – 21 May 2017.
JESS DOBKIN, AN ARTIST-RUN NEWSSTAND Chester Subway Station, Toronto, 8 May 2015 – 28 April 2016
ELMGREEN & DRAGSET PRADA MARFA Curated by Ben Mills and Jess Carroll, Richmond-Adelaide Centre, Toronto, Scotiabank CONTACT Photography Festival, 1–31 May 2016
LIVELY OBJECTS: ENCHANTMENT AND DISRUPTION AT THE MUSEUM OF VANCOUVER Curated by Caroline Seck Langill and Lizzie Muller, Museum of Vancouver, 16 August – 12 October 2015
Dislexia em perspectiva: Contribuições da psicopedagogia e da Psicologia
Authors: Silva Eliabe Bezerra de Oliveira , Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo tem como título “Dislexia em perspectiva: contribuições da psicopedagogia e da psicologia” e trata da “dislexia do escolar” sob os prismas da psicopedagogia espanhola e argentina, e da psicologia do desenvolvimento, educacional e escolar. O intuito deste trabalho não é dissertar a respeito de todos os tipos de dislexia escolar encontrados por essas áreas de estudo, mas evidenciar aos profissionais da educação formal os principais sinais de dificuldades de leitura e escrita presentes nos sujeitos em processo de escolarização. Dentro dessa proposta de revisão integrativa, consideram-se os aspectos cognitivo, pedagógico e social interferentes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Sob o método da pesquisa bibliográfica com cruzamento de fontes e interpretação de conteúdo, e da observação direta das relações familiares, das rotinas escolares e das práticas pedagógicas em escolas municipais de Fortaleza – Ceará, foi possível estabelecer relações multicausais para a construção dos argumentos, no sentido de renovar a discussão sobre o tema, possibilitando novos esclarecimentos e ultrapassando a reprodução da nomenclatura existente sobre dificuldades da lectoescrita. Os resultados demonstraram uma relação entre cognição social e postura político-pedagógica da escola e do professor, e implicações de tais relações no sujeito aprendente. Estas precisam ser consideradas quando os propósitos maiores são superar o paradigma homogeneizador da escola brasileira, realçar as potencialidades dos sujeitos e alcançar a qualidade da educação. Palavras-chave:
Application and evaluation of biology laboratory experiments with computer-based digital experimental tools
Authors: Atıcı Tahir , Gökmen Ahmet , Taflı Tuğba 
Published: October 2016

It is widely accepted that learning-science-by-doing and/or facilitating meaningful experience is preferred over rote memorization in the science classrooms. To this end, this study shows that using the computer-based digital experimental tools in the biology laboratory can function as activities that can facilitate their learning to be more effective, and foster positive attitudes towards learning science and high level of self-efficacy in the subject area. The aim of this research is to determine the students' perception on their self-efficacy in teaching science, their attitudes towards the laboratory course, and their self-efficacy in using the computer-based digital experimental tools. The research was carried out with 28 students who were registered in the Department of Biology Education, at a major university in Turkey. The research employed one group pretest-posttest model experimental design. As a data collection tools, Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Tschannen-Moran & Hoy (2001), Laboratory Self Efficacy Scale developed by (2009) and Laboratory Attitude Scale developed by Ekici (2002) were used in this study. The analyses of the study were carried out using SPSS 20 program. The descriptive statistics, normality test, T-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used. The results of the research showed that the computer-based learning with digital experimental tools had a positive impact on the students' perception on their self-efficacy for teaching science and self-efficacy levels for using the computer-based digital technology.
Childcare Attendance and Obesity Risk
Authors: Isong Inyang A. , Richmond Tracy , Kawachi Ichiro , Avendaño Mauricio 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Several observational studies have revealed that children who receive nonparental childcare are at increased risk of obesity. However, this may be due to unmeasured confounding or selection into different types of childcare. It is not well established whether this association reflects a causal effect of childcare attendance on obesity risk. We examined the effect of attending childcare on children’s BMI z scores, using nationally representative data of ∼10 700 children followed from age 9 months through kindergarten entry.

METHODS:
We first employed ordinary least squares regression to evaluate longitudinal associations between childcare attendance at 24 months and BMI z scores at kindergarten entry, controlling for child, family, and neighborhood characteristics. Because type of childcare is associated with unobserved confounding factors, we repeated the analysis by using 2 quasi-experimental approaches: (1) individual fixed effect models, which control for all observed and unobserved time-invariant confounders; and (2) instrumental variable (IV) analysis.

RESULTS:
At 24 months, 48.7% of children were in nonparental childcare, and 35.1% of children were overweight/obese at kindergarten entry. In ordinary least squares models, compared with children in parental care, children in nonparental childcare at 24 months had higher BMI z scores at kindergarten entry (0.08 [SE 0.03], P = .01). By contrast, fixed effects and IV models revealed no significant effect of childcare on BMI z score (fixed effects model: β = 0.02 [SE 0.02], P = .62); IV model: β = 1.12 [SE 0.76], P = .14).

CONCLUSIONS:
We found no consistent associations between nonparental childcare and obesity. Previously reported significant associations may be confounded by unobserved family circumstances resulting in selection into different types of childcare.
МОНІТОРИНГ ЕПІЗООТИЧНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ З КОЛІБАКТЕРІОЗУ В УКРАЇНІ ЗА ПЕРІОД 2004 – 2015 рр.
Authors: Vasilyeva T.B. 
Published: October 2016

The investigation of colibacteriosis dissemination in Ukraine showed its significant presence during the period 2004–2015. The biggest number of hot spots was detected in Cherkassy, Vinnitsa, Donetsk and Ternopil regions. The data analisys confirmed increasing the persentage level of detected positive samples of biological matherial obtained from young animals died from colibacteriosis.The problem of colibacteriosis becoming more relevant at the present time. An intensive using of contemporery antibiotics making difficult task of isolating pure microbial culture from pathological matherial. With in the spectrum of infectious diseases of livestock the highest level of infectation was detected among poultry – 3.19% of positive results from all tested biomatherials from pigs, among pigs – 1.47%, among cattle – 0.49% and other species – 0.01%. The cases of colibacteriosis was detected during each year. The most common manifestation of infection taking place during calving period.The young cattle getting disease during first days of life, piglets – during first couple of months. Colibacteriosis in poultry haracterized by typical secondary infection manifestation due to lower immunity.The conditions for the persistence of pathogenic E.coli in livestock farms provide the possibility for further spreading the infectiong among all kinds of farm animal secies.