bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costly Curves: How Human-Like Shapes Can Increase Spending
Authors: Romero Marisabel , Craig Adam W 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCan exposure to body shapes affect spending preferences? Because Western society associates thinness with economic value, we argue that a shape resembling thin human body types activates concepts related to positive financial outcomes, such as responsibility and hard work. The results of five experiments show that exposure to thin, human-like shapes influences consumer self-efficacy judgments and spending outcomes, depending on the perceiver’s weight. In line with social comparison, we demonstrate that seeing a thin (vs. wide) human-like shape leads consumers with a high body mass index to make more indulgent decisions. Financial self-efficacy is highlighted as the underlying mechanism, and high resemblance to the human form is identified as a critical moderator. The findings of this research acknowledge visual similarity’s role in stereotype knowledge activation and weight stereotypes’ broad scope of influence.
The ultraluminous X-ray source HoII X-1: kinematic evidence of its escape from a cluster
Authors: Egorov Oleg V. , Lozinskaya Tatiana A. , Moiseev Alexei V. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We analyse the structure and kinematics of ionized gas in the vicinity of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) HoII X-1 in the Holmberg II galaxy using observational data obtained with a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer in the Hα, [S ii] and [O iii] emission lines at the Russian 6-m telescope. Decomposition of the line profiles allows us to identify the broad component of emission lines caused by the ULX action. We found evidence of an expanding superbubble around the young star cluster located in the region studied. We conclude that the blueshifted ‘arc’ around the ULX observed in the line-of-sight velocity field may correspond to a bow shock caused by the ULX movement from that nearby young star cluster. If this interpretation is correct, it will be the first kinematic evidence of a ULX's escape from its parent star cluster.
Objective vortex detection in an astrophysical dynamo
Authors: Rempel E. L. , Chian A. C.-L. , Beron-Vera F. J. , Szanyi S. , Haller G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A novel technique for detecting Lagrangian vortices is applied to a helical magnetohydrodynamic dynamo simulation. The vortices are given by tubular level surfaces of the Lagrangian averaged vorticity deviation, the trajectory integral of the normed difference of the vorticity from its spatial mean. This simple method is objective, i.e. invariant under time-dependent rotations and translations of the coordinate frame. We also adapt the technique to use it on magnetic fields and propose the method of integrated averaged current deviation to determine precisely the boundary of magnetic vortices. The relevance of the results for the study of vortices in solar plasmas is discussed.
Mediators of Treatment Effect in the Back In Action Trial
Authors: Mansell Gemma , Hill Jonathan C. , Main Chris J. , Von Korff Michael , van der Windt Daniëlle 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
To test whether change in fear-avoidance beliefs was a mediator of the effect of treatment on disability outcome, and to test an analytical approach, latent growth modeling, not often applied to mediation analysis.

Methods:
Secondary analysis was carried out on a randomized controlled trial designed to compare an intervention addressing fear-avoidance beliefs (n=119) with treatment as usual (n=121) for patients with low back pain, which found the intervention to be effective. Latent growth modelling was used to perform a mediation analysis on the trial data to assess the role of change in fear-avoidance beliefs on disability outcome. The product of coefficients with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals was used to calculate the mediating effect.

Results:
A statistically significant mediating effect of fear-avoidance beliefs on the effect of treatment on disability outcome was found (standardized indirect effect −0.35; bias-corrected 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.24). Poor fit of the model to the data suggested that other factors not accounted for in this model are likely to be part of the same mediating pathway.

Discussion:
Fear-avoidance beliefs were found to mediate the effect of treatment on disability outcome. Measurement of all potential mediator variables in future studies would help to more strongly identify which factors explain observed treatment effects. Latent growth modelling was found to be a useful technique to apply to studies of treatment mediation, suggesting that future studies could use this approach.
Use of Simulation in End-of-Life Care Education
Authors: Grabow Debra 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:
Death and dying encompasses the period when individuals present with a limited prognosis and are near death or have recently died. Using simulation to educate nurses on end-of-life (EOL) care helps focus more on the needs of the learner rather than the patient, and allows the learner to process feelings in preparation for a real experience. Incorporating simulation with a spiritual perspective is essential and needed in EOL nursing care.
Combination of Panaxadiol and Panaxatriol Type Saponins and Ophioponins From Shenmai Formula Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Injury in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Blocking NF-kappa B Pathway
Authors: Zhu Jinqiang , Liang Yubin , Yue Shaoqian , Fan Guanwei , Zhang Han , Zhang Meng 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Vascular inflammatory injury leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction, thereby resulting in a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, attenuating vascular inflammatory injury has great significance for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. In China, Shenmai formula, a well-known ancient Chinese prescription, has been widely used to treat CVDs, such as coronary atherosclerosis and viral myocarditis. In vivo study has demonstrated that the optimal combination of 3 major active components from Shenmai formula, panaxadiol and panaxatriol type saponins and ophioponins, in a ratio of 1:2:2 might exert significant cardioprotective effects and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination may exert anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by blocking nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. We found that the combination could exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and intercellular adhesion molecule, as well as reducing the lactate dehydrogenase content in lipopolysaccharide-injured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells supernatant. Further experiments showed that the combination could suppress the NF-κB p65 expression and IκBα phosphorylation in these cells. These findings suggested that the combination inhibits vascular inflammatory injury by blocking NF-κB pathway, which proves a new molecular mechanism of the Shenmai formula to treat CVDs.
OCULAR FINDINGS IN A PATIENT WITH ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: Çalişkan Sinan , Köşker Mustafa , Biçer Tolga , Çelikay Osman , Gürdal Canan 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) results from abnormal development of the ectodermal layer. Although coexistence of ED and retinal pathology has been described, concomitance with retinal venous tortuosity has not been reported in the literature.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
We report the case of a 23-year-old man with ED with bilateral retinal venous tortuosity, trichomegaly, meibomian gland dysfunction, and dry eye. Although the coexistence of ED with trichomegaly and meibomian gland dysfunction has been previously reported, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of retinal venous tortuosity associated with ED.

Conclusion:
Coexistence of retinal venous tortuosity and ED may be the consequence of a genetic mutation affecting cellular signaling pathways during retinal angiogenesis.
Characterizing the Occluded Lacrimal Punctum Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Timlin Hannah M. , Keane Pearse A. , Rose Geoffrey E. , Ezra Daniel G. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
Epiphora is sometimes associated with an absent or occluded lacrimal drainage punctum (or puncta). This study uses noninvasive “enhanced depth” anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) to give improved characterization and understanding of absent or fully occluded puncta and the underlying canaliculus.

Methods:
Anterior segment spectral domain OCT images were collected prospectively from 9 lower puncta of 6 patients with epiphora and absent or fully occluded puncta, not amenable to dilation in clinic, to see if a canaliculus was visible on OCT imaging below the occluded punctum.

Results:
An epithelial lined canalicular lumen was visible on OCT in 4 lower eyelid puncta from 2 patients and OCT identified 80% (4/5) of the canaliculi that were located on microscope-assisted punctal exploration. These lumens were seen within 580 μm depth from the eyelid margin surface. A half of the eyes in which a canaliculus was identified on OCT (the 2 eyes in a single patient) had resolution of epiphora following punctoplasty, and the other patient was found to have coexisting nasolacrimal duct stenosis and required later dacryocystorhinostomy. The positive predictive value for identifying a canaliculus on lower eyelid punctal exploration in acquired complete punctal occlusion (excluding the congenital case) was 1, with a negative predictive value of 1.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that canaliculi can be imaged with OCT where formal access is precluded by an occluded punctum. This noninvasive investigation might help predict the likelihood of successful retrieval of a canaliculus at surgical exploration.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prolonged Corrected QT Interval Among Children and Adolescents Treated With Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Palanca-Maresca Inmaculada , Ruiz-Antorán Belén , Centeno-Soto Gustavo Adolfo , Forti-Buratti Maria Azul , Siles Ana , Usano Ana , Avendaño-Solá Cristina 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to describe the prevalence of corrected QT (QTc) interval disorders and the possible predisposing factors in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotic (AP) medications in a real-world population with a long-term follow-up.

Methods
Data were obtained from the SafEty of NeurolepTics in Infancy and Adolescence (SENTIA) registry (https://sentia.es). The SENTIA includes patients younger than 18 years who are currently taking or initiating treatment with AP medications and have agreed to participate in the registry. The SENTIA's follow-up includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) assessment before starting treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation or after any changes in the patient's AP medication treatment. Thereafter, all participants undergo an ECG every 6 months. A QTc interval more than 450 milliseconds, increases in QTc interval of 60 milliseconds or more, or QTc dispersion more than 100 milliseconds were considered abnormal.

Results
Since January 1, 2011, 101 patients have been enrolled in SENTIA and have had at least 1 ECG assessment. The mean age at inclusion was 11.5 years; 75% of the patients were men. The mean follow-up time was 20.0 ± 15.1 months. The most frequently prescribed AP medications were risperidone (52.2%) and aripiprazole (45.5%). Seven patients (6.9%) had abnormal changes in QTc. No patient had a QTc interval more than 500 milliseconds. All patients were asymptomatic. The QTc changes were observed at different times of exposure, with a range of 1 to 39 months after beginning AP treatment. Concomitant use of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder drugs seemed a possible factor associated with QTc disorders.

Conclusions
Patients should undergo a baseline ECG assessment before starting AP medication treatment, particularly patients with concomitant use of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder drugs or a family/personal history of heart disease.
Examining Associations of Functional Deficits and Mood States With Empathic Responses of Stroke Family Caregivers
Authors: Jin Chen , Lobchuk Michelle , Chernomas Wanda , Pooyania Sepideh 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Background: Stroke is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses worldwide. Family caregivers can make a significant contribution toward patients’ recovery. However, the patient’s functional deficits and the caregiver’s mood states can impact the caregiver’s motivation to engage in empathic responses toward patients. Clinicians need help in recognizing patients at risk for not receiving empathic responses from family caregivers who are pivotal in long-term help and emotional support. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine possible associations of family caregiver perceptions of functional deficits of patients who are poststroke and caregiver mood states with their empathic responses toward patients who are poststroke. Methodology: As guided by Davis’ organizational model on empathy, we conducted a correlational descriptive study of associations among patient functional deficits, caregiver mood states, and caregiver empathic responses toward patients who are poststroke. Participants were requested to complete four questionnaires. Results: Caregiver fatigue was the only mood state significantly associated with their empathic responses toward patients who are poststroke. Conclusions: The results of the current study contribute to the current state of the literature on poststroke care at home by highlighting the impact of caregiver mood states, particularly caregiver fatigue, on their empathic responses toward patients who are poststroke. Recommendations for clinical practice and future studies were made based on this study’s results.
Noninvasive estimation of liver fibrosis in biopsy-proven hepatitis C virus-infected patients: angiogenic fibrogenic link
Authors: Toson El-Shahat A. , Shiha Gamal E. , El-mezayen Hatem A. , Samir Waleed , El-khininy Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2016

Background/aim
The assessment of liver fibrosis provides useful information not only for diagnosis but also for therapeutic decisions. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a predictive score named the angiogenic index (Angio-Index) for liver fibrosis staging and to compare Angio-Index by King, Gotebörg University Cirrhosis Index, Lok, FIB-4, and aspartate aminotranferase/alanine aminotranferase scores in hepatitis C virus-infected patients.

Patients and methods
Serum levels of angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and endostatin were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 122 HCV patients represented in two sets (estimation group and validation group). Stepwise linear discriminant analysis and area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were utilized to produce a predictive score comprising significant angiogenic biomarkers.

Results
A novel score named the Angio-Index score was created on the basis of a combination of angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and endostatin. Angio-Index produces an AUC of 0.90 for significant fibrosis, 0.865 for advanced fibrosis, and 0.857 for cirrhosis. The Angio-Index score correctly classified 71% of the significant fibrosis (F2–F4) with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91%. The Angio-Index had a similar AUC in the validation study. The above six scores showed lower AUCs than Angio-Index.

Conclusion
Whereas liver biopsy is invasive, costly, and associated with complications, Angio-Index is simple, noninvasive, and more accurate; it may decrease the need for liver biopsy in Egyptian patients.
The HIV Care Cascade Among Female Sex Workers in Zimbabwe: Results of a Population-Based Survey From the Sisters Antiretroviral Therapy Programme for Prevention of HIV, an Integrated Response (SAPPH-IRe) Trial
Authors: Cowan Frances M. , Davey Calum B. , Fearon Elizabeth , Mushati Phillis , Dirawo Jeffrey , Cambiano Valentina , Napierala Mavedzenge Sue , Hanisch Dagmar , Wong-Gruenwald Ramona , Chemhuru Milton , Masuka Nyasha , Hatzold Karin , Mugurungi Owen , Busza Joanna , Philips Andrew N. , Hargreaves James R. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:
Female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa have a higher prevalence of HIV than other women of reproductive age. Social, legal, and structural barriers influence their access to care. Little is known about the HIV diagnosis and care cascade in most countries in Southern Africa. We aimed to describe the HIV diagnosis and care cascade among FSW in Zimbabwe.

Methods:
We conducted cross-sectional respondent driven sampling (RDS) surveys of FSW in 14 sites across Zimbabwe as the baseline for a cluster-randomised controlled trial investigating a combination HIV prevention and care package. We administered a questionnaire, tested women for HIV and measured viral load. We report the mean, minimum, and maximum respondent-driven sampling-2 weighted site values.

Results:
The survey included 2722 women, approximately 200 per site. The mean HIV prevalence was 57.5% (42.8–79.2 site minimum and maximum). Of HIV-positive women, 64.0% (51.6–73.7) were aware of their status, 67.7% (53.4–84.1) of these reported taking antiretroviral therapy, and 77.8% (64.4–90.8) of these had a suppressed HIV viral load (<1000 copies/mL). Among all HIV-positive women, 49.5% had a viral load < 1000 copies/mL.

Conclusions:
Although most HIV-positive women aware of their status are accessing antiretroviral therapy, 36.0% of HIV-positive women are unaware of their status and 29.3% of all FSW have an unsuppressed HIV viral load. Investigation and investment into models of testing, treatment, and care are necessary to reach UNAIDS targets for HIV elimination.
Enhancing internal communication to build social capital amongst hospitality employees – the role of social media
Authors: King Ceridwyn , Lee Hyemi 
Published: December 2016

PurposeAdopting a social capital theoretical (SCT) lens, this study aims to propose a conceptual framework of effective internal communication (IC) for the hospitality industry. The study explores how to enhance current practices and the suitability of social media as an augmentation to traditional IC channels.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research methodology, consisting of 20 semi-structured interviews with hospitality employees, was adopted. Following a “reduction” and “interpretation” process, 16 themes related to effective IC were identified which informed a conceptual framework.FindingsCharacteristics of effective IC were identified in addition to IC benefits at both employee and organizational levels. Considering the limitations of current practices, the applicability of social media was explored. Requirements of effective IC suggest that new channels (e.g. social media) should be adopted to build social capital.Research limitations/implicationsThe study informs SCT from a meso-level (process) perspective. The articulation of an IC framework informs how social capital can be built through effective IC, providing a foundation for further empirical examination as to the impact of various channels on the IC process. Adoption of a case study design suggests that results and implications can only be generalized to similar environments.Practical implicationsThe study details the characteristics of effective IC and its subsequent benefits, highlighting how social media can augment current IC practices in a hospitality organization.Originality/valueBeing a 24/7 labor-intensive operation makes employee communication to ensure service excellence challenging in the hospitality industry. Through the application of SCT and the exploration of social media in a workplace setting to enhance IC, significant theoretical and practical insights are realized.
A systematic review of China’s outbound tourism research
Authors: Law Rob , Sun Sunny , Fong Davis Ka Chio , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang , Fu Hui 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the changes of researched destinations along with the Approved Destination Status scheme to investigate the development of research problems, and to track the changes of research topics in the context of the development of China’s outbound tourism. The research methods and applied theories are also identified and analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
Three large databases, namely, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, were selected to search for published articles (i.e. 107 empirical articles and 15 review/policy articles) related to China’s outbound tourism. Thereafter, the retrieved articles were categorized and analyzed. Finally, a theoretical framework was provided for future studies on China’s outbound tourism.

Findings
The major findings indicated that the main topics related to China’s outbound tourism included market segmentation, travel motivation and travel behavior. One or two theories are generally applied to investigate a certain topic. The most common research methods are interviews and a questionnaire survey.

Research limitations/implications
Future studies are suggested to apply more theories to investigate one topic. A single theory can also be applied to investigate different topics. Adopting different and innovative research methods, such as online interaction observation, can also be considered.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature through an in-depth qualitative assessment of China’s outbound tourism literature, comparing researched destinations with the Approved Destination Status policies, and reviewing articles based on research.
Setting limits in uneasy times – healthy diets in underprivileged families
Authors: Ditlevsen Kia , Nielsen Annemette 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge on barriers to preventive action on early childhood overweight in non-western migrant families. It investigates the underlying understandings of the parental role in relation to weight control present in health-care professionals and in families.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on qualitative interviews with parents who are engaged in interventions aimed at helping them and their children to adopt a healthier life style, and on interviews with health-care professionals.

Findings
This study shows that the participating parents, all low SES and living under different forms of insecurity, perceived their parental task for the present as creating well-being for their children, and they were, therefore, reluctant to enforce dietary changes. The health-care professionals, in contrast, considered the need for change through a perspective on future risks.

Research limitations/implications
The results are based on a rather small sample and the link between insecurity, family dynamics and health practice needs further research.

Originality/value
The participating parents represented a group that is rarely included in scientific research and the study, therefore, contributes valuable knowledge on health behavior in ethnic minority families. The empirical analysis provides new insights for health professionals regarding the suitability of the universal model of parental feeding styles. It illuminates the implications of implicitly applying this model in health interventions which involve vulnerable categories of parents such as refugees to western societies.