bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-centred innovation to ensure access to diabetes care in Cambodia: the case of MoPoTsyo
Authors: van Olmen Josefien , Eggermont Natalie , van Pelt Maurits , Hen Heang , de Man Jeroen , Schellevis François , Peters David H. , Bigdeli Maryam 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases puts a high burden on the health care systems of Low and Middle Income Countries which are often not adapted to provide the care needed. Peer support programmes are promoted to address health system constraints. This case study analyses a peer educator diabetes programme in Cambodia, MoPoTsyo, from a health system’s perspective. Which strategies were used and how did these strategies change? How is the programme perceived?

Methods
Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with patients, MoPoTsyo staff and peer educators, contracted pharmacy staff and health workers, health care workers and non-contracted pharmacists and managers and policy makers at district, provincial and national level. Four areas were purposively selected to do the interviews. An inductive content analysis was done independently by two researchers.

Results
MoPoTsyo developed into three stages: a focus on diabetes self-management; a widening scope to ensure affordable medicines and access to other health care services; and aiming for sustainability through more integration with the Cambodian public system and further upscaling. All respondents acknowledged the peer educators’ role and competence in patient education, but their ideas about additional tasks and their place in the system differed. Indirectly involved stakeholders and district managers emphasized the particular roles and responsibilities of all actors in the system and the particular role of the peer educator in the community. MoPoTsyo’s diagnostics and laboratory services were perceived as useful, especially by patients and project staff. Respondents were positive about the revolving drug fund, but expressed concerns about its integration into the government system. The degree of collaboration between health care staff and peer educators varied.

Conclusion
MoPoTsyo responds to the needs of people with diabetes in Cambodia. Key success factors were: consistent focus on and involvement of the target group, backed up by a strong organisation; simultaneous reduction of other barriers to care; and the ongoing maintenance of relations at all levels within the health system. Despite resistance, MoPoTsyo has established a more balanced relationship between patients and health service providers, empowering patients to self-manage and access services that meet their needs.
Myosin-IIA regulates leukemia engraftment and brain infiltration in a mouse model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wigton Eric J , Thompson Scott B , Long Robert A , Jacobelli Jordan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Leukemia dissemination (the spread of leukemia cells from the bone marrow) and relapse are associated with poor prognosis. Often, relapse occurs in peripheral organs, such as the CNS, which acts as a sanctuary site for leukemia cells to escape anti-cancer treatments. Similar to normal leukocyte migration, leukemia dissemination entails migration of cells from the blood circulation into tissues by extravasation. To extravasate, leukemia cells cross through vascular endothelial walls via a process called transendothelial migration, which requires cytoskeletal remodeling. However, the specific molecular players in leukemia extravasation are not fully known. We examined the role of myosin-IIA a cytoskeletal class II myosin motor protein, in leukemia progression and dissemination into the CNS by use of a mouse model of Bcr-Abl-driven B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Small hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of myosin-IIA did not affect apoptosis or the growth rate of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. However, in an in vivo leukemia transfer model, myosin-IIA depletion slowed leukemia progression and prolonged survival, in part, by reducing the ability of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to engraft efficiently. Finally, myosin-IIA inhibition, either by small hairpin RNA depletion or chemical inhibition by blebbistatin, drastically reduced CNS infiltration of leukemia cells. The effects on leukemia cell entry into tissues were mostly a result of the requirement for myosin-IIA to enable leukemia cells to complete the transendothelial migration process during extravasation. Overall, our data implicate myosin-IIA as a key mediator of leukemia cell migration, making it a promising target to inhibit leukemia dissemination in vivo and potentially reduce leukemia relapses.
Cigarette smoke inhibits efferocytosis via deregulation of sphingosine kinase signaling: reversal with exogenous S1P and the S1P analogue FTY720
Authors: Tran Hai B , Barnawi Jameel , Ween Miranda , Hamon Rhys , Roscioli Eugene , Hodge Greg , Reynolds Paul N , Pitson Stuart M , Davies Lorena T , Haberberger Rainer , Hodge Sandra 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Alveolar macrophages from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and cigarette smokers are deficient in their ability to phagocytose apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells (efferocytosis). We hypothesized that the defect is mediated via inhibition of sphingosine kinases and/or their subcellular mislocalization in response to cigarette smoke and can be normalized with exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate or FTY720 (fingolimod), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling, which has been shown to be clinically useful in multiple sclerosis. Measurement of sphingosine kinase 1/2 activities by [32P]-labeled sphingosine-1-phosphate revealed a 30% reduction of sphingosine kinase 1 (P &lt; 0.05) and a nonsignificant decrease of sphingosine kinase 2 in THP-1 macrophages after 1 h cigarette smoke extract exposure. By confocal analysis macrophage sphingosine kinase 1 protein was normally localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm and sphingosine kinase 2 to the nucleus and cytoplasm but absent at the cell surface. Cigarette smoke extract exposure (24 h) led to a retraction of sphingosine kinase 1 from the plasma membrane and sphingosine kinase 1/2 clumping in the Golgi domain. Selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 with 25 µM ABC294640 led to 36% inhibition of efferocytosis (P &lt; 0.05); 10 µM sphingosine kinase inhibitor/5C (sphingosine kinase 1-selective inhibitor) induced a nonsignificant inhibition of efferocytosis, but its combination with ABC294640 led to 56% inhibition (P &lt; 0.01 vs. control and &lt; 0.05 vs. single inhibitors). Cigarette smoke-inhibited efferocytosis was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reversed to near-control levels in the presence of 10–100 nM exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate or FTY720, and FTY720 reduced cigarette smoke-induced clumping of sphingosine kinase 1/2 in the Golgi domain. These data strongly support a role of sphingosine kinase 1/2 in efferocytosis and as novel therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Implementation and Validation of Telepathology Triage at Cancer Referral Center in Rural Rwanda
Authors: Mpunga Tharcisse , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany L. , Tapela Neo , Nshimiyimana Irenee , Muvugabigwi Gaspard , Pritchett Natalie , Greenberg Lauren , Benewe Origene , Shulman David S. , Pepoon James R. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Milner Danny A. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Connecting a cancer patient to the appropriate treatment requires the correct diagnosis provided in a timely manner. In resource-limited settings, the anatomic pathology bridge to efficient, accurate, and timely cancer care is often challenging. In this study, we present the first phase of an anatomic telepathology triage system, which was implemented and validated at the Butaro District Hospital in northern rural Rwanda. Methods Select cases over a 9-month period in three segments were evaluated by static image telepathology and were independently evaluated by standard glass slide histology. Each case via telepathology was classified as malignant, benign, infectious/inflammatory, or nondiagnostic and was given an exact histologic diagnosis. Results For cases triaged as appropriate for telepathology, correlation with classification and exact diagnosis demonstrated greater than 95% agreement over the study. Cases in which there was disagreement were analyzed for cause, and the triage process was adjusted to avoid future problems. Conclusion Challenges to obtaining a correct and complete diagnosis with telepathology alone included the need for immunohistochemistry, assessment of the quality of images, and the lack of images representing an entire sample. The next phase of the system will assess the effect of telepathology triage on turnaround time and the value of on-site immunohistochemistry in reducing that metric and the need for evaluation outside of telepathology.
On Implementing the Competence-Based Approach When Teaching Mathematics Through Case-Method at the Economics University
Authors: ����� c , Rylov Alexander , �������  , Konnova Larisa 
Published: January 2016

Within the terms of multilevel training the to-be-economists are being taught to solve complex problems, comprising such tasks, as the analysis, forecasting
and decision making in the real world. At that, the training standards place the main emphasis on the learners� ability to apply knowledge, skills
and personal qualities (i.e. competences) in future professional activities, rather than on the educational content to be mastered. Competence-based
approach is shaped through mastering various disciplines in the course of solving cross-disciplinary tasks. Of such nature are the cases, while the whole
instrumental toolkit for mastering cases relies on the case-study method, or case-method.
The authors assume, that the competences, stipulated by the Advanced Mathematics curriculum for bachelors in Economics, can be developed by means
of the above mentioned case-method.
The experiment, aimed at teaching the fi rst-year students of the Financial University, as described in the paper, is based on implementing the competence-
based approach in training the to-be-economists.
Soluble CRTC3: A Newly Identified Protein Released by Adipose Tissue That Is Associated with Childhood Obesity
Authors: Prats-Puig Anna , Soriano-Rodríguez Pilar , Oliveras Glòria , Carreras-Badosa Gemma , Espuña Sílvia , Díaz-Roldán Ferran , de Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes , Bassols Judit , Puig Teresa , López-Bermejo Abel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) is found in adipocytes, where it may promote obesity through disruption of catecholamine signaling. We wished to assess whether CRTC3 is a soluble protein secreted by adipose tissue, explore whether CRTC3 is detectable and quantifiable in the circulation, and ascertain whether CRTC3 serum concentrations are related to metabolic markers in children.

METHODS
Explants of adipose tissue from 12 children were cultured to study adipocyte cell size and the secretion of CRTC3 (immunoblot and ELISA). We also performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in 211 asymptomatic prepubertal white children at age 7 years, 115 of whom were followed up at age approximately 10 years. We measured circulating concentrations of CRTC3 and studied associations between serum CRTC3 and metabolic markers.

RESULTS
Measurable concentrations of CRTC3 were found in conditioned media of adipose tissue explants and in serum samples. CRTC3 concentrations in visceral adipose tissue were negatively associated with adipocyte cell size and positively related to adipocyte cell number (P &lt; 0.05). In the cross-sectional study, higher CRTC3 concentrations were associated with higher body mass index (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P = 0.003), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.007) and lower high molecular weight adiponectin (P = 0.003). In the longitudinal study, serum concentrations of CRTC3 at age approximately 7 years were associated with changes in waist circumference (β = 0.254; P = 0.004; r = 0.145) and high molecular weight adiponectin (β=-0.271; P = 0.014; r = 0.101), respectively, at age approximately 10 years.

CONCLUSIONS
CRTC3, a newly identified protein that is related to childhood obesity, is present in the circulation, partly as a result of adipose tissue secretion. Higher serum CRTC3 concentrations are related to and predict a poorer metabolic profile in children.
Authorial visions: Saverio Costanzo’s negotiation with auteurism
Authors: Tabanelli Roberta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article presents Italian film-maker Saverio Costanzo as an example of contemporary auteur. I argue that critical discourse on authorship within the cinema of the third millennium should look at how contemporary directors engage with the idea and the practice of authorship. In this article, I will discuss how in Costanzo’s films elements of auteurism intertwine with diverse formal and thematic motifs and create an idiosyncratic cinematic corpus able to engage critically with various traditions of Italian cinema. In particular, I will examine three common parameters of Costanzo’s cinema: the construction of confined spaces in the mise-en-scène, the display of post-human bodies, and the genre hybridity of his films. My goal is to highlight how Costanzo’s authorial voice dialogues with auteurism by embracing principles of art cinema and simultaneously destabilizing and revitalizing them with a skilful blend of genres, traditions and postmodernity.
Mobilizing digitized museum specimen records to highlight important animal pollinators in East Africa
Authors: Otieno Nickson E , Njoroge Kenneth , Agwanda Bernard , Gikungu Mary , Mauremooto John 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
There is an increasing global demand for existing natural history information for use in education, conservation, and policy formulation. Museum specimen collection records, being voluminous, are particularly significant in addressing such demands. This is even more critical in developing countries where daily human life is intimately linked to the environment. We demonstrate how existing museum specimen collection records were mobilized to highlight important animal pollinators in three East African countries. The bulk of the records were obtained from a Specify database of existing zoological collections held at the National Museums of Kenya, and the rest were from such alternative sources as published material, discussions with pollination experts, and online taxonomic portals and other tools. Identified to genus or species level, pollinator-ranking criteria encompassed region-wide distribution, number of plants pollinated, importance index of plants pollinated, and plant dependency on pollination. Overall, insects, especially Apis mellifera, were the most important pollinators in the region, pollinating the largest number of plants of diverse domestic, socioeconomic, and ecological significance. The results underscore potential use of specimen record-based informatics to guide agricultural and economic policy in East Africa.
Best practices for genetic resources associated with natural history collections: Recommendations for practical implementation
Authors: Zimkus Breda M , Ford Linda S 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Researchers associated with natural history museums have made the collection of genetic resources a priority due to their importance in molecular studies, but often the long-term curation of these collections is difficult due to decentralized curation over multiple storage locations and lack of community best practice guidelines for their stewardship. Unlike traditional natural history specimens, the research utility of genetic samples increases with lower storage temperatures and fewer freeze–thaw events and, in addition, their use is consumptive. Collection managers must, therefore, maximize the research potential of each sample by carefully considering use on a case-by-case basis. This paper presents standardized guidelines accumulated for the management of genetic collections associated with natural history collections. These recommended practices are informed by general standards for biorepositories and augmented by information unique to natural history collections with the goal of providing a foundation for those curating genetic samples. Information pertains to all aspects of genetic sample curation and will assist those in making decisions regarding how to collect, store, track, process, and distribute genetic specimen samples. These guidelines also will allow users to make informed decisions regarding how to apply and improve the curation of their collection given their institution's goals and available resources.
Status in varstvo belohrbtega detla Dendrocopos leucotos v Sloveniji/ The status and conservation of the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos in Slovenia
Authors: Denac Katarina , Mihelič Tomaž 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper summarizes current knowledge on the population size, habitat, conservation status and conservation measures for the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos in Slovenia. The species is an extremely rare forest specialist species. It inhabits mostly Dinaric beech Fagus sylvatica forests from Trnovski gozd, Nanos, Javorniki Mts and Mt Snežnik to the Kočevsko region and Gorjanci Mts. The species is also present in the Zasavje region and Mt Boč. The majority of the population (80%) inhabits the altitudinal belt between 700 and 1400 m a.s.l. The size of the Slovenian breeding population is currently estimated at 100-150 breeding pairs. Using the new survey playback method, we expect to find the species at additional sites. The highest densities were recorded on Mt Snežnik (0.7 breeding pairs/km2 in the Zatrep - Planinc forest reserve, 0.6 breeding pairs/km2 at Gomance) and in the Gorjanci Mts (0.6-0.9 breeding pairs/km2 in the Kobile forest reserve). The species inhabits beech and mixed forests with an important percentage of dead trees. The volume of dead trees was measured only at few sites inhabited by the species and ranged from 42 to 283 m3/ha. Signs of foraging were detected mainly on beech snags and stumps; all nests were found in upright beech snags. In Slovenia, the species is threatened by the low percentage of dead deciduous trees in forests, the construction of new forest roads, the increased annual timber harvest and a weak network of forest reserves. The proposed conservation measures include increasing the amount of dead deciduous trees in managed forests, increasing the area of forest reserves and halting the construction of new forest roads.
Estimation of Young’s Modulus of the Porous Titanium Alloy with the Use of Fem Package
Authors: Rotta G. , Seramak T. , Zasińska K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Porous structures made of metal or biopolymers with a structure similar in shape and mechanical properties to human bone can easily be produced by stereolithographic techniques, e.g. selective laser melting (SLM). Numerical methods, like Finite Element Method (FEM) have great potential in testing new scaffold designs, according to their mechanical properties before manufacturing, i.e. strength or stiffness. An example of such designs are scaffolds used in biomedical applications, like in orthopedics’ and mechanical properties of these structures should meet specific requirements. This paper shows how mechanical properties of proposed scaffolds can be estimated with regard to total porosity and pore shape.
New localities of Orobanche bartlingii Griseb. in the Silesian-Cracow Upland as a result of the spread of Libanotis pyrenaica (L.) Bourg. due to the changes in land use
Authors: Babczyńska-Sendek Beata , Błońska Agnieszka , Skowronek Izabela 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Human activity is a factor strongly influencing the current state of vegetation. The abandonment of traditional land use enables uncontrolled secondary succession. Libanotis pyrenaica, a host plant for Orobanche bartlingii, is a great example of species that spread as a result of this process, especially in the area of the Silesian-Cracow Upland. The aim of this study is to show that the expansion of L. pyrenaica caused by changes in land use promotes spreading of O. bartlingii - a species rare in Poland and Europe. During the field research conducted in the last decade, further localities of O. bartlingii were found. The gathered data were summarized to supplement the known distribution of the species and to present floristic and ecological characteristics of the phytocenoses with the participation of L. pyrenaica and O. bartlingii.
Male and female reproductive success in natural and anthropogenic populations of Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Jermakowicz Edyta , Ostrowiecka Beata , Tałałaj Izabela , Pliszko Artur , Kostro-Ambroziak Agata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the presented study, male and female reproductive success was analyzed in relation to the population size, floral display and pollinators’ availability in natural and anthropogenic populations of the orchid Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. Our results indicated significant differences between all investigated populations in parameters of floral display, including heights and number of flowers per inflorescence, as well the number of flowering individuals and their spatial structure. Additionally, populations differed both in male (pollinia removal) and female (fruit set) reproductive success, but only the fruit set clearly differentiated anthropogenic and natural populations. Despite the average flower number per plant being significantly higher in two of the anthropogenic populations, it was not related to the fruits set, which was significantly lower there. Moreover, our preliminary study concerning the potential pollinators of M. monophyllos showed a higher contribution of flies in natural habitats than in anthropogenic ones. Thus, we can suspect that the main factors influencing the level of female reproductive success in M. monophyllos populations are abundance of effective pollinators, as well as flower visitors, which may have resulted in a different level of pollen discounting in populations. Therefore, further studies concerning breeding system and pollination as important forces that shape demographic processes in M. monophyllos populations are necessary. Our results also indicate that suitable conservation methods in M. monophyllos should always include the preservation of potential pollinators, especially in these new, secondary habitats.