bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel chronic kidney disease mouse model to evaluate the progression of hyperphosphatemia and associated mineral bone disease
Authors: Tani Takashi , Orimo Hideo , Shimizu Akira , Tsuruoka Shuichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMedial arterial calcification (MAC) and renal osteodystrophy are complications of mineral bone disease (MBD) associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to develop a novel mouse model to investigate the clinical course of CKD-MBD. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were assigned to the following groups: the control group, fed a standard chow for 6 or 12 weeks; the CKD-normal phosphorus (NP) group, fed a chow containing 0.2% adenine, with normal (0.8%) phosphorus, for 6 or 12 weeks; and the CKD-high phosphorus (HP) group, fed 6 weeks with the 0.2% adenine/0.8% phosphorus diet, followed by a chow with 1.8% phosphorus for 2 weeks, 4 weeks or 6 weeks. Serum phosphorus was significantly increased in the CKD-HP group, and associated with MAC formation; the volume of calcification increased with longer exposure to the high phosphorus feed. MAC was associated with upregulated expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin, indicative of osteoblastic trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. A significant mineral density depletion of cortical bone was observed. We describe the feasibility of developing a model of CKD-MBD and provide findings of a direct association between elevated serum phosphorus and the formation of MAC and renal osteodystrophy.
The correlation theory of the chemical bond
Authors: Szalay Szilárd , Barcza Gergely , Szilvási Tibor , Veis Libor , Legeza Örs 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe quantum mechanical description of the chemical bond is generally given in terms of delocalized bonding orbitals, or, alternatively, in terms of correlations of occupations of localised orbitals. However, in the latter case, multiorbital correlations were treated only in terms of two-orbital correlations, although the structure of multiorbital correlations is far richer; and, in the case of bonds established by more than two electrons, multiorbital correlations represent a more natural point of view. Here, for the first time, we introduce the true multiorbital correlation theory, consisting of a framework for handling the structure of multiorbital correlations, a toolbox of true multiorbital correlation measures, and the formulation of the multiorbital correlation clustering, together with an algorithm for obtaining that. These make it possible to characterise quantitatively, how well a bonding picture describes the chemical system. As proof of concept, we apply the theory for the investigation of the bond structures of several molecules. We show that the non-existence of well-defined multiorbital correlation clustering provides a reason for debated bonding picture.
Facile synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles grown on halloysite nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Peng Hongxia , Liu Xiaohe , Tang Wei , Ma Renzhi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe demonstrated herein that ZnO nanoparticle with sizes in the range of 3–5 nm grown on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) could be facile prepared in large quantities through the seed-mediated growth process using ZnAc2·2H2O as the zinc source. Compared with the individually dispersed ZnO nanoparticles, the as-prepared HNTs@ZnO nanocomposites showed a smaller band gap energy and relatively strong light absorption. Therefore, HNTs@ZnO nanocomposites possessed higher photocatalytic activity than individually dispersed ZnO nanoparticles, exhibiting the HNTs@ZnO nanocomposites could be used as highly efficient photocatalysts. The HNTs@ZnO nanocomposites endowed HNTs special performance and improve the catalytic activity of ZnO, which originated from narrow band gap and chemical passivation induced by a negative fixed charge in the HNTs support.
Perivascular AQP4 dysregulation in the hippocampal CA1 area after traumatic brain injury is alleviated by adenosine A2A receptor inactivation
Authors: Zhao Zi-Ai , Li Ping , Ye Shi-Yang , Ning Ya-Lei , Wang Hao , Peng Yan , Yang Nan , Zhao Yan , Zhang Zhuo-Hang , Chen Jiang-Fan , Zhou Yuan-Guo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce cognitive dysfunction due to the regional accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau). However, the factors that cause p-tau to concentrate in specific brain regions remain unclear. Here, we show that AQP4 polarization in the perivascular astrocytic end feet was impaired after TBI, which was most prominent in the ipsilateral brain tissue surrounding the directly impacted region and the contralateral hippocampal CA1 area and was accompanied by increased local p-tau, changes in dendritic spine density and morphology, and upregulation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). The critical role of the A2AR signaling in these pathological changes was confirmed by alleviation of the impairment of AQP4 polarity and accumulation of p-tau in the contralateral CA1 area in A2AR knockout mice. Given that p-tau can be released to the extracellular space and that the astroglial water transport via AQP4 is involved in tau clearance from the brain interstitium, our results suggest that regional disruption of AQP4 polarity following TBI may reduce the clearance of the toxic interstitial solutes such as p-tau and lead to changes in dendritic spine density and morphology. This may explain why TBI patients are more vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction.
Instability Pattern Formation in a Liquid Metal under High Magnetic Fields
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Jinshan , Kou Hongchao , Beaugnon Eric 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMagnetic field can generate interface instability when some liquids are put close to magnetic field. A well-known interface instability is called Rosensweig instability or normal field instability. Here we report that pure liquid Co can be highly undercooled close to its Curie temperature in strong magnetic field with very high magnetization and exhibiting unique morphology instability called the normal field instability. To obtain such unique instability pattern, the sample size, undercooling and magnetic field intensity need fulfill certain condition. In the present study, we have studied the required condition for obtaining normal field instability. The magnetization of the undercooled liquid Co is measured in a wide temperature range with different magnetic field intensities and calculated as a function of undercooling and field intensity. The critical size and critical magnetization for the normal field instability are calculated with the changing temperature and field intensity. Then the required conditions including the critical size, the minimum undercooling and field intensity for the existence of the instability pattern formation are determined.
Synthesis of layered platelets by self-assembly of rhenium-based clusters directed by long-chain amines
Authors: Seral-Ascaso Andrés , Downing Clive , Nerl Hannah C. , Pokle Anuj , Metel Sonia , Coelho Joao , Berner Nina C. , Harvey Andrew , Rode Karsten , Ruether Manuel , Hickey Owen , Duesberg Georg , Coleman Jonathan , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelf-assembly of nanomaterials by wet chemistry methods is a suitable approach for the preparation of engineered structures with novel functionalities. In this work, we study the ability of long-chain amines to direct the growth of a layered nanomaterial, using [Re
x
Se
y
Cl
z
] clusters as building blocks. The amines link to the clusters as ligands during the synthesis, directing the self-assembly due to their amphiphilic properties, which produces a platelet-shaped 2D material with sizes up to several μm in diameter and thicknesses in the range of 60–80 nm. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report on a one-step mild chemistry method for the preparation of 2D structures composed of alternate layers of self-assembled amines and sub-nm clusters of a rhenium chalcogenide. Furthermore, these materials can be used as a suitable source of clusters which then, conveniently released by a simple acid/base reaction, have been successfully incorporated to the surface of graphene. The simple clusters deposition method developed here offers a promising route towards the preparation of hybrid clusters/2D materials with outstanding properties arising from quantum confinement effects combined with high surface areas and the enormous compositional variety of 2D materials and clusters. These hybrids are expected to play a key role in the development of active materials for applications ranging from highly efficient energy storage systems, more active catalysts and upper-sensitivity gas sensors.
Disambiguation of patent inventors and assignees using high-resolution geolocation data
Authors: Morrison Greg , Riccaboni Massimo , Pammolli Fabio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPatent data represent a significant source of information on innovation, knowledge production, and the evolution of technology through networks of citations, co-invention and co-assignment. A major obstacle to extracting useful information from this data is the problem of name disambiguation: linking alternate spellings of individuals or institutions to a single identifier to uniquely determine the parties involved in knowledge production and diffusion. In this paper, we describe a new algorithm that uses high-resolution geolocation to disambiguate both inventors and assignees on about 8.5 million patents found in the European Patent Office (EPO), under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). We show this disambiguation is consistent with a number of ground-truth benchmarks of both assignees and inventors, significantly outperforming the use of undisambiguated names to identify unique entities. A significant benefit of this work is the high quality assignee disambiguation with coverage across the world coupled with an inventor disambiguation (that is competitive with other state of the art approaches) in multiple patent offices.
A dataset of forest biomass structure for Eurasia
Authors: Schepaschenko Dmitry , Shvidenko Anatoly , Usoltsev Vladimir , Lakyda Petro , Luo Yunjian , Vasylyshyn Roman , Lakyda Ivan , Myklush Yuriy , See Linda , McCallum Ian , Fritz Steffen , Kraxner Florian , Obersteiner Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe most comprehensive dataset of in situ destructive sampling measurements of forest biomass in Eurasia have been compiled from a combination of experiments undertaken by the authors and from scientific publications. Biomass is reported as four components: live trees (stem, bark, branches, foliage, roots); understory (above- and below ground); green forest floor (above- and below ground); and coarse woody debris (snags, logs, dead branches of living trees and dead roots), consisting of 10,351 unique records of sample plots and 9,613 sample trees from ca 1,200 experiments for the period 1930–2014 where there is overlap between these two datasets. The dataset also contains other forest stand parameters such as tree species composition, average age, tree height, growing stock volume, etc., when available. Such a dataset can be used for the development of models of biomass structure, biomass extension factors, change detection in biomass structure, investigations into biodiversity and species distribution and the biodiversity-productivity relationship, as well as the assessment of the carbon pool and its dynamics, among many others.
A continuum of genetic liability for minor and major depression
Authors: Corfield E C , Yang Y , Martin N G , Nyholt D R 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe recent success of a large genome-wide association (GWA) study—analysing 130 620 major depression cases and 347 620 controls—in identifying the first single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci robustly associated with major depression in Europeans confirms that immense sample sizes are required to identify risk loci for depression. Given the phenotypic similarity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and the less severe minor depressive disorder (MiDD), we hypothesised that broadening the case definition to include MiDD may be an efficient approach to increase sample sizes in GWA studies of depression. By analysing two large twin pair cohorts, we show that minor depression and major depression lie on a single genetic continuum, with major depression being more severe but not aetiologically distinct from minor depression. Furthermore, we estimate heritabilities of 37% for minor depression, 46% for major depression and 48% for minor or major depression in a cohort of older adults (aged 50–92). However, the heritability of minor or major depression was estimated at 40% in a cohort of younger adults (aged 23–38). Moreover, two robust major depression-risk SNPs nominally associated with major depression in our Australian GWA data set produced more significant evidence for association with minor or major depression. Hence, broadening the case phenotype in GWA studies to include subthreshold definitions, such as MiDD, should facilitate the identification of additional genetic risk loci for depression.
The Role of Frequency in Learning Morphophonological Alternations: Implications for Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Tomas Ekaterina , Demuth Katherine , Petocz Peter 
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The aim of this article was to explore how the type of allomorph (e.g., past tense
buzz
[

d

] vs.
nod
[

əd

]) influences the ability to perceive and produce grammatical morphemes in children with typical development and with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
The participants were monolingual Australian English–speaking children. The SLI group included 13 participants (mean age = 5;7 [years;months]); the control group included 19 children with typical development (mean age = 5;4). Both groups performed a grammaticality judgment and elicited production task with the same set of nonce verbs in third-person singular and past tense forms.

Results
Five-year-old children are still learning to generalize morphophonological patterns to novel verbs, and syllabic /əz/ and /əd/ allomorphs are significantly more challenging to produce, particularly for the SLI group. The greater phonetic content of these syllabic forms did not enhance perception.

Conclusions
Acquisition of morphophonological patterns involving low-frequency allomorphs is still underway in 5-year-old children with typical development, and it is even more protracted in SLI populations, despite these patterns being highly predictable. Children with SLI will therefore benefit from targeted intervention with low-frequency allomorphs.
VLTI/PIONIER images the Achernar disk swell
Authors: Dalla Vedova G. , Millour F. , Domiciano de Souza A. , Petrov R. G. , Moser Faes D. , Carciofi A. C. , Kervella P. , Rivinius T. 
Published: May 2017

Context.The mechanism of disk formation around fast-rotating Be stars is not well understood. In particular, it is not clear which mechanisms operate, in addition to fast rotation, to produce the observed variable ejection of matter. The star Achernar is a privileged laboratory to probe these additional mechanisms because it is close, presents B ⇌ Be phase variations on timescales ranging from ~6 yr to ~15 yr, a companion star was discovered around it, and probably presents a polar wind or jet.Aims.Despite all these previous studies, the disk around Achernar was never directly imaged. Therefore we seek to produce an image of the photosphere and close environment of the star.Methods.We used infrared long-baseline interferometry with the PIONIER instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) to produce reconstructed images of the photosphere and close environment of the star over four years of observations. To study the disk formation, we compared the observations and reconstructed images to previously computed models of both the stellar photosphere alone (normal B phase) and the star presenting a circumstellar disk (Be phase).Results.The observations taken in 2011 and 2012, during the quiescent phase of Achernar, do not exhibit a disk at the detection limit of the instrument. In 2014, on the other hand, a disk was already formed and our reconstructed image reveals an extendedH-band continuum excess flux. Our results from interferometric imaging are also supported by several Hαline profiles showing that Achernar started an emission-line phase sometime in the beginning of 2013. The analysis of our reconstructed images shows that the 2014 near-IR flux extends to ~1.7–2.3 equatorial radii. Our model-independent size estimation of theH-band continuum contribution is compatible with the presence of a circumstellar disk, which is in good agreement with predictions from Be-disk models.
Flattening and surface-brightness of the fast-rotating star δ Persei with the visible VEGA/CHARA interferometer
Authors: Challouf M. , Nardetto N. , Domiciano de Souza A. , Mourard D. , Tallon-Bosc I. , Aroui H. , Farrington C. , Ligi R. , Meilland A. , Mouelhi M. 
Published: May 2017

Context. Rapid rotation is a common feature for massive stars, with important consequences on their physical structure, flux distribution and evolution. Fast-rotating stars are flattened and show gravity darkening (non-uniform surface intensity distribution). Another important and less studied impact of fast-rotation in early-type stars is its influence on the surface brightness colour relation (hereafter SBCR), which could be used to derive the distance of eclipsing binaries.
Aims. The purpose of this paper is to determine the flattening of the fast-rotating B-type star δ Per using visible long-baseline interferometry. A second goal is to evaluate the impact of rotation and gravity darkening on the V − K colour and surface brightness of the star.
Methods. The B-type star δ Per was observed with the VEGA/CHARA interferometer, which can measure spatial resolutions down to 0.3 mas and spectral resolving power of 5000 in the visible. We first used a toy model to derive the position angle of the rotation axis of the star in the plane of the sky. Then we used a code of stellar rotation, CHARRON, in order to derive the physical parameters of the star. Finally, by considering two cases, a static reference star and our best model of δ Per, we can quantify the impact of fast rotation on the surface brightness colour relation (SBCR).
Results. We find a position angle of 23 ± 6 degrees. The polar axis angular diameter of δ Per is θp = 0.544 ± 0.007 mas, and the derived flatness is r = 1.121 ± 0.013. We derive an inclination angle for the star of i = 85+ 5-20 degrees and a projected rotation velocity Vsini = 175+ 8-11 km s-1 (or 57% of the critical velocity). We find also that the rotation and inclination angle of δ Per keeps the V − K colour unchanged while it decreasing its surface-brightness by about 0.05 mag.
Conclusions. Correcting the impact of rotation on the SBCR of early-type stars appears feasible using visible interferometry and dedicated models.
Gravity darkening in stars with surface differential rotation
Authors: Zorec J. , Rieutord M. , Espinosa Lara F. , Frémat Y. , Domiciano de Souza A. , Royer F. 
Published: May 2017

Context. The interpretation of stellar apparent fundamental parameters (viewing-angle dependent) requires that they be treated consistently with the characteristics of their surface rotation law.
Aims. We aim to develop a model to determine the distribution of the effective temperature and gravity, which explicitly depend on the surface differential rotation law and on the concomitant stellar external geometry.
Methods. The basic assumptions in this model are: a) the external stellar layers are in radiative equilibrium; b) the emergent bolometric flux is anti-parallel with the effective gravity; c) the angular velocity in the surface obeys relations like Ω(θ) = Ωo [ 1 + αΥ(θ,k) ] where Υ(θ,k) = coskθ or sinkθ, and where (α,k) are free parameters.
Results. The effective temperature varies with co-latitude θ, with amplitudes that depend on the differential-rotation law through the surface effective gravity and the gravity-darkening function (GDF). Although the derived expressions can be treated numerically, for some low integer values of k, analytical forms of the integral of characteristic curves, on which the determination of the GDF relies, are obtained. The effects of the quantities (η,α,k) (η = ratio between centrifugal and gravitational accelerations at the equator) on the determination of the Vsini parameter and on the gravity-darkening exponent are studied. Depending on the values of (η,α,k) the velocity V in the derived Vsini may strongly deviate from the equatorial rotational velocity. It is shown that the von Zeipel’s-like gravity-darkening exponent β1 depends on all parameters (η,α,k) and that its value also depends on the viewing-angle i. Hence, there no unique interpretation of this exponent determined empirically in terms of (i,α).
Conclusions. We stress that the data on rotating stars should be analyzed by taking into account the rotational effects through the GDF, by assuming k = 2 as a first approximation. Instead of the classic pair (η,β1), it would be more useful to determine the quantities (η,α,i) to characterize stellar rotation.
Survival and Long-Term Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients Aged 55 to 65 Years
Authors: Alex Shilpa , Hiebert Brett , Arora Rakesh , Menkis Alan , Shah Pallav 
Published: May 2017

Background This study aims to compare the outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with mechanical and biological valves in middle-aged patients (55–65 years) to determine the impact on long-term mortality and morbidity.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 373 patients between 55 and 65 years of age who received a primary AVR with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass graft between April 1995 and March 2014. Propensity matching yielded 118 patient pairs in the mechanical and biological valve cohorts.
Results Median follow-up time was 6.9 years. No differences in long-term survival or a composite outcome of stroke, bleeding, and endocarditis (major adverse prosthesis-related event; MAPE) were observed in patients receiving biological versus mechanical valves. Actuarial 15-year survival was 46.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.8–62.3%) in the biological valve group versus 60.6% (95% CI, 47.5–71.4%) in the mechanical valve group (hazard ratio, 1.16 [95%CI, 0.69–1.94], p = 0.58). The 15-year cumulative incidence of MAPE was 53.3% (95% CI, 33.7–69.4%) for biological valves versus 24.5% (95% CI, 16.2–33.8%) for mechanical valves (hazard ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.37–1.14], p = 0.12). The 15-year cumulative incidence of reoperation was higher in the bioprosthetic group (26.0% [95% CI, 14.0–39.8%] vs. 5.4% [95% CI, 2.0–11.4%]; hazard ratio 0.24 [95% CI, 0.09–0.68] p < 0.01).
Conclusion There is no difference in survival and MAPE at 15 years between biological and mechanical valves. The risk of reoperation was significantly higher in the biological valve group and may affect valve choice in middle-aged patients.
Mutations in NSD1 and NFIX in Three Patients with Clinical Features of Sotos Syndrome and Malan Syndrome
Authors: Lu Yongping , Chong Pin , Kira Ryutaro , Seto Toshiyuki , Ondo Yumiko , Shimojima Keiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMutations in nuclear receptor SET domain-containing protein 1 gene (NSD1) are related to Sotos syndrome, which is characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive features, and neurodevelopmental disabilities. On the other hand, mutations in the nuclear factor I/X gene (NFIX) can lead to Malan syndrome, also known as Sotos-like syndrome, or to the Marshall–Smith syndrome. In this study, using next generation sequencing (NGS), we identified de novo mutations in NSD1 and NFIX in three patients with developmental disabilities associated with overgrowth or macrocephaly. Overall, we confirmed that clinical entities of congenital malformation syndromes can be expanded by molecular diagnoses via NGS.