bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal social capital and infant complementary feeding practices in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Kim Jane , Seo Eunkyo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFew studies have explored the potential of social capital in improving child nutritional status; however, most components of pathways between social capital and nutritional status have remained unexplained. Complementary feeding practice is a strong mediator of child nutritional status. This study examined the association between complementary feeding practice and maternal social capital in rural Ethiopia, using cross‐sectional data of infant aged 6–12 months and their mother pairs (n = 870). The Short Social Capital Assessment Tool was used to assess maternal structural (i.e., community group membership, having emotional/economic support from individuals, and citizenship activities) and cognitive social capital (i.e., trust, social harmony, and sense of belonging) in the past 12 months. Infant's dietary diversity score (DDS, range: 0–7), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum meal frequency (MMF) were assessed using a 24‐hr dietary recall. Multivariable ordinal/binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Having support from two or more individuals was associated with higher DDS (OR = 1.84) and meeting a minimum level of dietary diversity (MDD: OR = 5.20) but not with MMF, compared to those having no support. Having two or more group memberships was associated with higher DDS (OR = 2.2) but not with MDD or MMF, compared to those without group membership. Citizenship activities showed mixed associations with MMF and no association with DDS or MDD. Cognitive social capital showed no association with DDS or MDD and lower odds of meeting MMF (OR = 0.56). These mixed results call for further studies to examine other potential pathways (e.g., hygiene and caring behaviours) in which social capital could improve child nutritional status.
Non‐canonical activation of histidine kinase KdpD by phosphotransferase protein PtsN through interaction with the transmitter domain
Authors: Mörk‐Mörkenstein Markus , Heermann Ralf , Göpel Yvonne , Jung Kirsten , Görke Boris 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe two‐component system KdpD/KdpE governs K+ homeostasis by controlling synthesis of the high affinity K+ transporter KdpFABC. When sensing low environmental K+ concentrations, the dimeric kinase KdpD autophosphorylates in trans and transfers the phosphoryl‐group to the response regulator KdpE, which subsequently activates kdpFABC transcription. In Escherichia coli, KdpD can also be activated by interaction with the non‐phosphorylated form of the accessory protein PtsN. PtsN stimulates KdpD kinase activity thereby increasing phospho‐KdpE levels. Here, we analyzed the interplay between KdpD/KdpE and PtsN. PtsN binds specifically to the catalytic DHp domain of KdpD, which is also contacted by KdpE. Accordingly, PtsN and KdpE compete for binding, providing a paradox. Low levels of non‐phosphorylated PtsN stimulate, whereas high amounts reduce kdpFABC expression by blocking access of KdpE to KdpD. Ligand fishing experiments provided insight as they revealed ternary complex formation of PtsN/KdpD2/KdpE in vivo demonstrating that PtsN and KdpE bind different protomers in the KdpD dimer. PtsN may bind one protomer to stimulate phosphorylation of the second KdpD protomer, which then phosphorylates bound KdpE. Phosphorylation of PtsN prevents its incorporation in ternary complexes. Interaction with the conserved DHp domain enables PtsN to regulate additional kinases such as PhoR.
Combining two model systems of psychosis: The effects of schizotypy and sleep deprivation on oculomotor control and psychotomimetic states
Authors: Meyhöfer Inga , Steffens Maria , Faiola Eliana , Kasparbauer Anna‐Maria , Kumari Veena , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: July 2017

AbstractModel systems of psychosis, such as schizotypy or sleep deprivation, are valuable in informing our understanding of the etiology of the disorder and aiding the development of new treatments. Schizophrenia patients, high schizotypes, and sleep‐deprived subjects are known to share deficits in oculomotor biomarkers. Here, we aimed to further validate the schizotypy and sleep deprivation models and investigated, for the first time, their interactive effects on smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), prosaccades, antisaccades, predictive saccades, and measures of psychotomimetic states, anxiety, depression, and stress. To do so, n = 19 controls and n = 17 high positive schizotypes were examined after both a normal sleep night and 24 h of sleep deprivation. Schizotypes displayed higher SPEM global position error, catch‐up saccade amplitude, and increased psychotomimetic states. Sleep deprivation impaired SPEM, prosaccade, antisaccade, and predictive saccade performance and increased levels of psychotomimetic experiences. Additionally, sleep deprivation reduced SPEM gain in schizotypes but not controls. We conclude that oculomotor impairments are observed in relation to schizotypy and following sleep deprivation, supporting their utility as biomarkers in model systems of psychosis. The combination of these models with oculomotor biomarkers may be particularly fruitful in assisting the development of new antipsychotic or pro‐cognitive drugs.
Esthesiometric evaluation of corneal analgesia after topical application of 1% morphine sulfate in normal horses
Authors: Gordon Emma , Sandquist Christy , Cebra Christopher K. , Heidel Jerry , Poulsen Keith , Schlipf John W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether topical ocular application of 1% morphine sulfate would change corneal sensitivity and to identify the duration of action.Animal studiedEight healthy adult horses.ProcedureCorneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured in the center of one randomly selected eye of each horse by Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer (Luneau Cochet–Bonnet Esthesiometer; Western Ophthalmics, Lynnwood, WA, USA). Immediately following baseline CTT measurement, 0.3 ml of 1.0% preservative‐free morphine sulfate (Morphine Sulfate 25 mg/ml Preservative‐free; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA) (3 mg) was applied to the tested eye. The same volume of artificial tear (LiquiTears; Major Pharmacauticals, Livonia, MI, USA) solution was then applied to the control eye following acquisition of baseline CTT. Corneal touch threshold was then subsequently measured at 1 min after medication application, followed by every 5 min until 60 min post administration. If the corneal touch threshold had not returned to baseline by 60 min, measurements were continued at 15‐min intervals until corneal sensitivity returned to baseline CTT measurement up to 180 min post administration if needed. The control eye was treated identically and measurements on the control eye stopped when the corresponding treated eye returned to baseline.ResultsMean baseline CTT of both eyes was 21.8 mm with an identical range of 15–30 mm. Mean corneal touch threshold was not statistically different between morphine‐treated and control eyes (P = 0.22). There was a large degree of inter‐ and intrasubject variation in the CTT measurements obtained. All but three horses were considered to be at baseline values by 60 min.ConclusionsTopical ophthalmic 1% morphine sulfate did not have a clinically significant analgesic effect on the corneal touch threshold of intact healthy equine corneas.
In situ macrophage phenotypic transition is affected by altered cellular composition prior to acute sterile muscle injury
Authors: Patsalos Andreas , Pap Attila , Varga Tamas , Trencsenyi Gyorgy , Contreras Gerardo Alvarado , Garai Ildiko , Papp Zoltan , Dezso Balazs , Pintye Eva , Nagy Laszlo 
Published: July 2017

Key points
The in situ phenotypic switch of macrophages is delayed in acute injury following irradiation.
The combination of bone marrow transplantation and local muscle radiation protection allows for the identification of a myeloid cell contribution to tissue repair.
PET‐MRI allows monitoring of myeloid cell invasion and metabolism.
Altered cellular composition prior to acute sterile injury affects the in situ phenotypic transition of invading myeloid cells to repair macrophages.
There is reciprocal intercellular communication between local muscle cell compartments, such as PAX7 positive cells, and recruited macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration.
AbstractSkeletal muscle regeneration is a complex interplay between various cell types including invading macrophages. Their recruitment to damaged tissues upon acute sterile injuries is necessary for clearance of necrotic debris and for coordination of tissue regeneration. This highly dynamic process is characterized by an in situ transition of infiltrating monocytes from an inflammatory (Ly6Chigh) to a repair (Ly6Clow) macrophage phenotype. The importance of the macrophage phenotypic shift and the cross‐talk of the local muscle tissue with the infiltrating macrophages during tissue regeneration upon injury are not fully understood and their study lacks adequate methodology. Here, using an acute sterile skeletal muscle injury model combined with irradiation, bone marrow transplantation and in vivo imaging, we show that preserved muscle integrity and cell composition prior to the injury is necessary for the repair macrophage phenotypic transition and subsequently for proper and complete tissue regeneration. Importantly, by using a model of in vivo ablation of PAX7 positive cells, we show that this radiosensitive skeletal muscle progenitor pool contributes to macrophage phenotypic transition following acute sterile muscle injury. In addition, local muscle tissue radioprotection by lead shielding during irradiation preserves normal macrophage transition dynamics and subsequently muscle tissue regeneration. Taken together, our data suggest the existence of a more extensive and reciprocal cross‐talk between muscle tissue compartments, including satellite cells, and infiltrating myeloid cells upon tissue damage. These interactions shape the macrophage in situ phenotypic shift, which is indispensable for normal muscle tissue repair dynamics.
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Ivermectin activates GIRK channels in a PIP2‐dependent, Gβγ‐independent manner and an amino acid residue at the slide helix governs the activation
Authors: Chen I‐Shan , Tateyama Michihiro , Fukata Yuko , Uesugi Motonari , Kubo Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2017

Key points
Ivermectin (IVM) is a widely used antiparasitic drug in humans and pets which activates glutamate‐gated Cl− channel in parasites.
It is known that IVM binds to the transmembrane domains (TMs) of several ligand‐gated channels, such as Cys‐loop receptors and P2X receptors.
We found that the G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel, especially GIRK2, is activated by IVM directly in a Gβγ‐independent manner, but the activation is dependent on phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐biphosphate (PIP2).
We identified a critical amino acid residue of GIRK2 for activation by IVM, Ile82, located in the slide helix between the TM1 and the N‐terminal cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD).
The results demonstrate that the TM–CTD interface in GIRK channel, rather than the TMs, governs IVM‐mediated activation and provide us with novel insights on the mode of action of IVM in ion channels.
AbstractIvermectin (IVM) is a widely used antiparasitic drug in humans and pets which activates glutamate‐gated Cl− channel in parasites. It is also known that IVM binds to the transmembrane domains (TMs) of several ligand‐gated channels, such as Cys‐loop receptors and P2X receptors. In this study, we found that the G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel is activated by IVM directly. Electrophysiological recordings in Xenopus oocytes revealed that IVM activates GIRK channel in a phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐biphosphate (PIP2)‐dependent manner, and that the IVM‐mediated GIRK activation is independent of Gβγ subunits. We found that IVM activates GIRK2 more efficiently than GIRK4. In cultured hippocampal neurons, we also observed that IVM activates native GIRK current. Chimeric and mutagenesis analyses identified an amino acid residue unique to GIRK2 among the GIRK family, Ile82, located in the slide helix between the TM1 and the N‐terminal cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD), which is critical for the activation. The results demonstrate that the TM–CTD interface in GIRK channels, rather than the TMs, governs IVM‐mediated activation. These findings provide us with novel insights on the mode of action of IVM in ion channels that could lead to identification of new pharmacophores which activate the GIRK channel.
The Effect of Abdominal Muscle Activation Techniques on Trunk and Lower Limb Mechanics During the Single-Leg Squat Task in Females
Authors: Linde Lukas D. , Archibald Jessica , Lampert Eve C. , Srbely John Z. 
Published: July 2017

Context: Females suffer 4 to 6 times more noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than males due to neuromuscular control deficits of the hip musculature leading to increases in hip adduction angle, knee abduction angle, and knee abduction moment during dynamic tasks such as single-leg squats. Lateral trunk displacement has been further related to ACL injury risk in females, leading to the incorporation of core strength/stability exercises in ACL preventative training programs. However, the direct mechanism relating lateral trunk displacement and lower limb ACL risk factors is not well established. Objective: To assess the relationship between lateral trunk displacement and lower limb measures of ACL injury risk by altering trunk control through abdominal activation techniques during single-leg squats in healthy females. Design: Interventional study setting: movement and posture laboratory. Participants: A total of 13 healthy females (21.3 [0.88] y, 1.68 [0.07] m, and 58.27 [5.46] kg). Intervention: Trunk position and lower limb kinematics were recorded using an optoelectric motion capture system during single-leg squats under differing conditions of abdominal muscle activation (abdominal hollowing, abdominal bracing, and control), confirmed using surface electromyography. Main Outcome Measures: Lateral trunk displacement, peak hip adduction angle, peak knee abduction angle/moment, and average muscle activity from bilateral internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles. Results: No differences were observed for peak lateral trunk displacement, peak hip adduction angle, or peak knee abduction angle/moment. Abdominal hollowing and bracing elicited greater muscle activation than the control condition, and bracing was greater than hollowing in 4 of 6 muscles recorded. Conclusion: The lack of reduction in trunk, hip, and knee measures of ACL injury risk during abdominal hollowing and bracing suggests that these techniques alone may provide minimal benefit in ACL injury prevention training.
Validating Center-of-Pressure Balance Measurements Using the MatScan® Pressure Mat
Authors: Goetschius John , Feger Mark A. , Hertel Jay , Hart Joseph M. 
Published: July 2017

Context: Measurements of center-of-pressure (COP) excursions during balance are common practice in clinical and research settings to evaluate adaptations in postural control due to pathological or environmental conditions. Traditionally measured using laboratory force plates, pressure-mat devices may be a suitable option for clinicians and scientist to measure COP excursions. Objective: Compare COP measures and changes during balance between MatScan® pressure mat and force plate. Design: Validation study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 30 healthy, young adults (19 female, 11 male, 22.7 ± 3.4 y, 70.3 ± SD kg, 1.71 ± 0.09 m). Main Outcomes: COP excursions were simultaneously measured using pressure-mat and force-plate devices. Participants completed 3 eyes-open and 3 eyes-closed single-leg balance trials (10 s). Mean of the 3 trials was used to calculate 4 COP variables: medial-lateral and anterior-posterior excursion, total distance, and area with eyes open and eyes closed. Percent change and effect sizes were calculated between eyes-open to eyes-closed conditions for each variable and for both devices. Results: All COP variables were highly correlated between devices for eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions (all r > .92, P < .001). Bland-Altman plots suggest the pressure-mat COP measurements were smaller than those of the force-plate, and the differences between devices appeared to increase as the measurement magnitude increased. Percent change in COP variables was highly correlated between devices (r > .85, P < .001). Cohen d effect sizes between eyes-open and eyes-closed were all large (d > 2.25) and similar in magnitude between devices. Conclusion: COP measures were correlated between devices, but values tended to be smaller using the pressure mat. The pressure mat and force plate detected comparable magnitude changes in COP measurements between eyes-open and eyes-closed. Pressure mats may provide a viable option for detecting large magnitude changes in postural control during short-duration testing.
Patient safety during procedural sedation using capnography monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saunders Rhodri , Struys Michel M R F , Pollock Richard F , Mestek Michael , Lightdale Jenifer R 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of capnography monitoring on sedation-related adverse events during procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) administered for ambulatory surgery relative to visual assessment and pulse oximetry alone.Design and settingSystematic literature review and random effects meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting sedation-related adverse event incidence when adding capnography to visual assessment and pulse oximetry in patients undergoing PSA during ambulatory surgery in the hospital setting. Searches for eligible studies published between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2016 (inclusive) were conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE without any language constraints. Searches were conducted in January 2017, screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers, and study quality was assessed using a modified Jadad scale.InterventionsCapnography monitoring relative to visual assessment and pulse oximetry alone.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPredefined endpoints of interest were desaturation/hypoxaemia (the primary endpoint), apnoea, aspiration, bradycardia, hypotension, premature procedure termination, respiratory failure, use of assisted/bag-mask ventilation and death during PSA.ResultsThe literature search identified 1006 unique articles, of which 13 were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Addition of capnography to visual assessment and pulse oximetry was associated with a significant reduction in mild (risk ratio (RR) 0.77, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89) and severe (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81) desaturation, as well as in the use of assisted ventilation (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.95). No significant differences in other endpoints were identified.ConclusionsMeta-analysis of 13 RCTs published between 2006 and 2016 showed a reduction in respiratory compromise (from respiratory insufficiency to failure) during PSA with the inclusion of capnography monitoring. In particular, use of capnography was associated with less mild and severe oxygen desaturation, which may have helped to avoid the need for assisted ventilation.
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of cognitive processing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder among Japanese patients: the Safety, Power, Intimacy, Esteem, Trust (SPINET) study
Authors: Ito Masaya , Horikoshi Masaru , Resick Patricia A , Katayanagi Akiko , Miyamae Mitsuhiro , Takagishi Yuriko , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Kanie Ayako , Hirabayashi Naotsugu , Furukawa Toshiaki A 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionCognitive processing therapy (CPT) is widely regarded as a safe and effective first-line treatment for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, no comparative studies have been conducted to examine the treatment outcomes in an Asian population. The aim of the present trial is to investigate the efficacy of CPT (individual format) as a treatment for PTSD in a population of Japanese patients.Methods and analysisA 16-week, single-centre, assessor-masked, randomised, parallel-group superiority trial has been designed to compare the efficacy of CPT in conjunction with treatment as usual (mostly pharmacotherapy and clinical monitoring) versus treatment as usual alone. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) will be our primary outcome measure of the post-traumatic stress symptoms at 17 weeks, whereas the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and determination of the operationally defined responder status will be used to assess the secondary outcomes. An estimated sample size of 29 participants in each group will be required to detect an expected effect size of 1.4 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.95).Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board at the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry in Japan approved this study. The results of this clinical trial will be presented at conferences and disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberUMIN000021670 (registered on 1 April 2016).
Is the current level of training in the use of equipment for prehospital radio communication sufficient? A cross-sectional study among prehospital physicians in Denmark
Authors: Holm Jimmy Højberg 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPhysicians working in prehospital care are expected to handle radio communication both within their own sector as well as with other divisions of the National Emergency Services. To date, no study has been conducted on the level of training received by physicians in the use of the equipment provided or on the level of competency acquired by physicians.MethodsIn order to investigate the self-assessed skill level acquired in the use of the TETRA (TErrestrial Trunked RAdio) authority radio for communication in a prehospital setting, a cross-sectional study was conducted by questionnaire circulated to all 454 physicians working in the Danish Emergency Medical Services.ResultsA lack of training was found among physicians working in prehospital care in Denmark in relation to the proper use of essential communication equipment. Prior to starting their first shift in a prehospital setting 38% of physicians reported having received no training in the use of the equipment, while 80% of physicians reported having received one1 hour of training or less. Among the majority of physicians their current level of training was sufficient for their everyday needs for prehospital communication but for 28% of physicians their current level of training was insufficient as they were unable to handle communication at this level.ConclusionAs the first study in its field, this study investigated the training received in the use of essential communication equipment among physicians working in prehospital care in Denmark. The study found that competency does not appear to have been prioritised as highly as other technical skills needed to function in these settings. For the majority of physicians their current level of training was sufficient for everyday use but for a substantial minority further training is required, especially if the redundancy of the prehospital system is to be preserved.