bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating clinical and radiological assessment of joints in haemophilia: results of a cross sectional study
Authors: Poonnoose P. M. , Hilliard P. , Doria A. S. , Keshava S. N. , Gibikote S. , Kavitha M. L. , Feldman B. M. , Blanchette V. , Srivastava A. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to determine the correlation between the radiological changes in haemophilic arthropathy [X‐ray, Ultrasound (US) and MRI] and clinical assessment as determined by the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS); and to document the US and MRI changes in joints that appear normal on plain X‐ray and clinical evaluation.Materials and methodsOf 55 study joints (22 knees and 33 ankles) in 51 patients with haemophilia/von Willebrand disease, with a median age of 15 years (range: 5–17) were assessed using X‐rays (Pettersson score) and clinical examination (HJHS) at two centres (Toronto, Canada; Vellore, India). MRI and ultrasonographic scoring was done through a consensus assessment by imagers at both centres using the IPSG MRI and US scores.ResultsThe HJHS had a good correlation with the Pettersson score (rs = 0.66). Though the HJHS had moderate correlation with the osteochondral component of the MRI and US scores (rs 0.51, 0.45 respectively), its correlation with the soft tissue component was poor (rs 0.19; 0.26 respectively). Of the 18 joints with a Pettersson score of zero, 88.9% had changes that were detected clinically by the HJHS. Osteochondral abnormalities were identified in 38.9% of these joints by the MRI, while US images of the same joints were deemed abnormal in 83.3% by the current criteria. US identified haemosiderin and other soft tissue changes in all of the joints, while the same changes were noted in 94.4% of these joints on MRI. There were four joints with a HJHS of zero, all of which had soft tissue changes on MRI (score 1–7) and US (score 2–7). Osteochondral changes were detected in three of these joints by US and in 2 by MRI. There were four joints with an MRI score of 0–1 that had significant US scores (3–5) and HJHS scores (0–6).ConclusionUS and MRI are able to identify pathological changes in joints with normal X‐ray imaging and clinical examination. However, further studies are required to be able to differentiate early abnormalities from normal. Clinical (HJHS) and radiological assessment (US/MRI) provide complimentary information and should be considered conjointly in the assessment of early joint arthropathy.
Age, time living with diagnosed HIV infection, and self‐rated health
Authors: McGowan JA , Sherr L , Rodger AJ , Fisher M , Miners A , Anderson J , Johnson MA , Elford J , Collins S , Hart G , Phillips AN , Speakman A , Lampe FC ,   the Antiretrovirals, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) Study Group
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesAn increasing proportion of people living with HIV are older adults, who may require specialized care. Adverse physical and psychological effects of HIV infection may be greatest among older people or those who have lived longer with HIV.MethodsThe ASTRA study is a cross‐sectional questionnaire study of 3258 HIV‐diagnosed adults (2248 men who have sex with men, 373 heterosexual men and 637 women) recruited from UK clinics in 2011–2012. Associations of age group with physical symptom distress (significant distress for at least one of 26 symptoms), depression and anxiety symptoms (scores ≥ 10 on PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7, respectively), and health‐related functional problems (problems on at least one of three domains of the Euroqol 5D‐3L)) were assessed, adjusting for time with diagnosed HIV infection, gender/sexual orientation and ethnicity.ResultsThe age distribution of participants was: < 30 years, 5%; 30–39 years, 23%; 40–49 years, 43%; 50–59 years, 22%; and ≥ 60 years, 7%. Overall prevalences were: physical symptom distress, 56%; depression symptoms, 27%; anxiety symptoms, 22%; functional problems, 38%. No trend was found in the prevalence of physical symptom distress with age [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for trend across age groups, 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89, 1.04; P = 0.36]. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms decreased with age [adjusted OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.79, 0.94; P = 0.001) and adjusted OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.77, 0.94; P = 0.001), respectively], while that of functional problems increased (adjusted OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.17, 1.39; P < 0.001). In contrast, a longer time with diagnosed HIV infection was strongly and independently associated with a higher prevalence of symptom distress, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and functional problems (P < 0.001 for trends, adjusted analysis).ConclusionsAmong people living with HIV, although health‐related functional problems were more common with older age, physical symptom distress was not, and mental health was more favourable. These results suggest that a longer time with diagnosed HIV infection, rather than age, is the dominating factor contributing to psychological morbidity and lower quality of life.
The role of heparan sulphate in development: the ectodermal story
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Vivien Jane 
Published: July 2016

SummaryHeparan sulphate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed and is formed of repeating glucosamine and glucuronic/iduronic acid units which are generally highly sulphated. HS is found in tissues bound to proteins forming HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) which are present on the cell membrane or in the extracellular matrix. HSPGs influence a variety of biological processes by interacting with physiologically important proteins, such as morphogens, creating storage pools, generating morphogen gradients and directly mediating signalling pathways, thereby playing vital roles during development. This review discusses the vital role HS plays in the development of tissues from the ectodermal lineage. The ectodermal layer differentiates to form the nervous system (including the spine, peripheral nerves and brain), eye, epidermis, skin appendages and tooth enamel.
Point‐of‐care PT and aPTT in patients with suspected deficiencies of coagulation factors
Authors: Niederdöckl J. , Dempfle C.‐E. , Schönherr H.‐R. , Bartsch A. , Miles G. , Laggner A. , Pathil A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionThere are several clinical settings and patient conditions especially in intensive care units, emergency departments, and operating theaters, where the coagulation status of a patient must be known immediately and point‐of‐care (POC) systems are beneficial due to low time to result.MethodsThis noninterventional, single‐blinded, multicenter study with prospectively collected whole blood samples was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the CoaguChek PT Test (POC PT) and CoaguChek aPTT Test (POC aPTT) compared to standard laboratory testing in patients with suspected deficiencies of coagulation factors.ResultsIn total, 390 subjects were included. Both POC PT and POC aPTT showed concordance with the laboratory PT and aPTT. Lot‐to‐lot variation was below 2% both for POC PT and for POC aPTT. The mean relative difference of capillary blood compared to venous blood was 0.2 % with POC PT and 8.4% with POC aPTT. The coefficients of variation for repeatability of POC PT using whole blood were found to be between 2% and 3.6%.ConclusionOur findings suggest reliable quantitative results with this POC system to support on‐site decision‐making for patients with suspected deficiencies of coagulation factors in acute and intensive care.
Psychosocial predictors and moderators of weight management programme outcomes in ethnically diverse obese youth
Authors: Taylor J. H. , Xu Y. , Li F. , Shaw M. , Dziura J. , Caprio S. , Tamborlane W. V. , Nowicka P. , Savoye M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundAn important area of research in childhood obesity is the identification of factors that predict or moderate the responses to obesity intervention programmes, yet few studies have examined the impact of self‐esteem and family functioning on obesity treatment outcomes.ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether baseline self‐esteem and family functioning predicted or moderated childhood obesity intervention outcomes at 6 months.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2011, seventy‐five 10–16 year old, racially/ethnically diverse obese youths with abnormal glucose tolerance were randomized to 6 months of an intensive family‐based obesity lifestyle intervention (Bright Bodies) or routine outpatient Clinic Care. We examined youth self‐concept, parent‐rated family functioning and 6‐month outcomes (youths' glucose tolerance, weight, body mass index and percent fat). We set the significance threshold as P ≤ 0.05 for moderator and predictor analyzes.ResultsHaving poor family functioning and self‐concept scores indicating high anxiety and low self‐esteem at baseline predicted poor 6‐month outcomes overall (Bright Bodies and Clinic Care groups combined). Additionally, baseline self‐esteem and family functioning moderated treatment effects such that Bright Bodies outperformed Clinic Care in youths with low self‐esteem and poorly functioning families, whereas youths with high self‐esteem and high‐functioning families did similarly well with either intervention.DiscussionOur findings suggest intensive family‐based lifestyle programmes are particularly beneficial for youth with low self‐esteem and poorly functioning families.
Identification and Characterization of Salt Tolerance of Wheat Germplasm Using a Multivariable Screening Approach
Authors: Oyiga B. C. , Sharma R. C. , Shen J. , Baum M. , Ogbonnaya F. C. , Léon J. , Ballvora A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSalinity is one of the major limitations to wheat production worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate the level of genetic variation among 150 internationally derived wheat genotypes for salinity tolerance at germination, seedling and adult plant stages, with the aim of identifying new genetic resources with desirable adaptation characteristics for breeding programmes and further genetic studies. In all the growth stages, genotype and salt treatment effects were observed. Salt stress caused 33 %, 51 % and 82 % reductions in germination vigor, seedling shoot dry matter and seed grain yield, respectively. The rate of root and shoot water loss due to salt stress exhibited significant negative correlation with shoot K+, but not with shoot Na+ and shoot K+/Na+ ratio. The genotypes showed a wide spectrum of response to salt stress across the growth stages; however, four genotypes, Altay2000, 14IWWYTIR‐19 and UZ‐11CWA‐8 (tolerant) and Bobur (sensitive), exhibited consistent responses to salinity across the three growth stages. The tolerant genotypes possessed better ability to maintain stable osmotic potential, low Na+ accumulation, higher shoot K+ concentrations, higher rates of PSII activity, maximal photochemical efficiency and lower non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), resulting in the significantly higher dry matter production observed under salt stress. The identified genotypes could be used as parents in breeding for new varieties with improved salt tolerance as well as in further genetic studies to uncover the genetic mechanisms governing salt stress response in wheat.
Molecular genetic, life‐history and morphological variation in a coastal warm‐temperate sciaenid fish: evidence for an upwelling‐driven speciation event
Authors: Henriques Romina , Potts Warren M. , Sauer Warwick H. , Santos Carmen V. , Kruger Jerraleigh , Thomas Jessica A. , Shaw Paul W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is a major biogeographical boundary in the south‐eastern Atlantic, but little is known of the effect of historical permeability of the barrier on species distributed across the region. We used phylogenetic, life‐history and morphological analyses to test the influence of regional oceanographic features on genetic divergence, evolutionary history and ecological divergence in a warm‐temperate fish, Atractoscion aequidens.LocationBenguela Current, south‐eastern Atlantic Ocean.MethodsIndividual At. aequidens were analysed for molecular (N = 35), biological (N = 81) and morphological (N = 282) differentiation across the BUS region. To compare patterns of genetic divergence, we also included analyses of individuals sampled from three related Argyrosomus species occurring in the area.ResultsAtractoscion aequidens comprises two deeply divergent lineages (average mtDNA genetic distance p = 0.049), which are separated by the boundary between the northern and southern Benguela subsystems. Divergence time was estimated at 2–3 Myr. Life‐history traits, such as maximum size, growth rate and size and age at maturity, differed significantly between the two lineages, but morphological features did not. Divergent life‐history traits appear to be associated with the evolution of migratory behaviour in the southern population, and thus ecological diversification across the Benguela region.Main conclusionsThe oceanographic features of the BUS constitute an impermeable barrier to the dispersal of At. aequidens across the region. The estimated time since most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) points to the strengthening of the upwelling system in the last 2 Myr as the most likely mechanism driving isolation. However, the BUS is known to have periodic disruptions, which have mediated dispersal in multiple taxa. Therefore, the depth of genetic divergence and the presence of different life‐history traits between the two lineages suggest that ecological divergence may have played a role in maintaining the observed isolation. Based on genealogical, geographical and ecological concordance, we suggest that At. aequidens is composed of two sibling species in the Benguela region and a full taxonomic revision of the genus is required.
Danshensu alleviates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis via activation of mTOR signalling
Authors: Fan Guanwei , Yu Jiahui , Asare Patrick Fordjour , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Han , Zhang Boli , Zhu Yan , Gao Xiumei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe traditional Chinese medicine Danshensu (DSS) has a protective effect on cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the DSS action remain undefined. We investigated the potential role of DSS in autophagy and apoptosis using cardiac I/R injury models of cardiomyocytes and isolated rat hearts. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to 6 hrs of hypoxia followed by 18 hrs of reoxygenation to induce cell damage. The isolated rat hearts were used to perform global ischaemia for 30 min., followed by 60 min. reperfusion. Ischaemia/reperfusion injury decreased the haemodynamic parameters on cardiac function, damaged cardiomyocytes or even caused cell death. Pre‐treatment of DSS significantly improved cell survival and protected against I/R‐induced deterioration of cardiac function. The improved cell survival upon DSS treatment was associated with activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (as manifested by increased phosphorylation of S6K and S6), which was accompanied with attenuated autophagy flux and decreased expression of autophagy‐ and apoptosis‐related proteins (including p62, LC3‐II, Beclin‐1, Bax, and Caspase‐3) at both protein and mRNA levels. These results suggest that alleviation of cardiac I/R injury by pre‐treatment with DSS may be attributable to inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR activation.
Duration of diabetes and types of diabetes therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japan Diabetes Complication and its Prevention prospective study 3 (JDCP study 3)
Authors: Hayashino Yasuaki , Izumi Kazuo , Okamura Shintaro , Nishimura Rimei , Origasa Hideki , Tajima Naoko ,   the JDCP study group
Published: July 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo analyze the association between the duration of diabetes and selection of diabetes therapy in a large database of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe used the data of 5,844 patients with type 2 diabetes to evaluate the association between the duration of diabetes and types of diabetes therapy. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between duration of diabetes and selection of diabetes therapy, and restricted cubic spline curves were used to represent the schematic association.ResultsOverall, clinical characteristics of the patients were women, 39.9%; mean age, 61.4 years; median duration of diabetes, 9 years; mean glycated hemoglobin, 7.4% (57.0 mmol/mol); and mean body mass index, 24.5 kg/m2. Compared with the first quartile of diabetes duration, the multivariable‐adjusted odds of any antidiabetic therapy (oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin) for the second, third and fourth quartiles were 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–2.80; 3.39, 95% CI 2.53–4.54; 4.99, 95% CI 3.64–6.84), respectively (P for trend <0.001), and these associations were attenuated after adjusting possible confounders. Furthermore, those of insulin therapy were 1.48 (95% CI 1.20–1.84; 2.16, 95% CI 1.77–2.64; 4.94, 95% CI 4.04–6.04), respectively (P for trend <0.001). Schematic representation of restricted cubic spline curves analysis showed that a longer duration of diabetes was linearly associated with the odds of insulin therapy.ConclusionsObtained data showed that a longer duration of diabetes required complex diabetes drug regimens to be introduced to patients with type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of a self‐efficacy enhancement program to prevent pressure ulcers in patients with a spinal cord injury
Authors: Kim Jung Yoon , Cho Eunhee 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis study developed a self‐efficacy enhancement program and evaluated its effects on the self‐care behaviors, self‐care knowledge, and self‐efficacy regarding pressure ulcer prevention in patients with a spinal cord injury.MethodsThis was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Six hospitals were invited to recruit patients with a spinal cord injury who were undergoing rehabilitation after receiving acute treatment. These hospitals were randomly allocated into experimental (three hospitals) or control (three hospitals) groups and 47 patients participated (24 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group). The experimental group was given an 8 week self‐efficacy enhancement program for pressure ulcer prevention. The self‐efficacy enhancement program consisted of small‐group face‐to‐face intervention (education and skills training), education with computer animation, phone counseling, face‐to‐face counseling, and self‐management records. The control group only received a pressure ulcer prevention information booklet. Self‐care knowledge, self‐efficacy, self‐care behaviors, and pressure ulcer incidence were measured at baseline and after the 8 week self‐efficacy enhancement program.ResultsThe experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in self‐care knowledge, self‐efficacy, and self‐care behaviors for pressure ulcer prevention than did the control group. One participant in the control group developed a pressure ulcer, while none of the participants in the experimental group developed a pressure ulcer; this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe self‐efficacy enhancement program enabled patients with a spinal cord injury to engage in continued self‐care behaviors and helped them to improve their knowledge and self‐efficacy concerning pressure ulcer prevention.
Activities of daily living and rehabilitation needs for older adults with a stroke: A comparison of home care and nursing home care
Authors: Lee Kyongeun , Cho Eunhee 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the changes in benefit levels of activities of daily living (ADLs), rehabilitation, and long‐term care services (LTCS) in older adults with a stroke in different modalities of LTCS, which include home care and nursing home care.MethodsThis study analyzed national data regarding LTCS from 2008 to 2009 in South Korea. The data about 7668 older adults with a stroke were extracted from a pool of 182,535 total beneficiaries. In order to control for the baseline differences between older adults who received home care and those who received nursing home care, propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out and there were 1099 matched pairs of participants (
n
= 2198). After the PSM, the changes in ADLs and rehabilitation between the two groups were analyzed by using a paired t‐test and the changes in LTCS benefit levels were compared by using the χ2‐test.ResultsThe ADLs and rehabilitation needs of the older adults who received home care improved, while the older adults who received nursing home care experienced deterioration. After 1 year, the LTCS benefit levels were significantly different between the home care and the nursing home care groupsConclusionAll of the ADLs, rehabilitation needs, and LTCS benefit levels for 1 year had improved in the home care patients, while they worsened in those who received nursing home care. This finding provides evidence to direct the policy of LTCS and offers information to guide older adults with a stroke and their family when deciding between the modalities of LTCS.
Being in togetherness: meanings of encounters within primary healtcare setting for patients living with long‐term illness
Authors: Nygren Zotterman Anna , Skär Lisa , Olsson Malin , Söderberg Siv 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate meanings of encounters for patients with long‐term illness within the primary healthcare setting.BackgroundGood encounters can be crucial for patients in terms of how they view their quality of care. Therefore, it is important to understand meanings of interactions between patients and healthcare personnel.DesignA phenomenological hermeneutic method was used to analyse the interviews.MethodsNarrative interviews with ten patients with long‐term illness were performed, with a focus on their encounters with healthcare personnel within the primary healthcare setting. A phenomenological hermeneutical approach was used to interpret the interview texts.ResultsThe results demonstrated that patients felt well when they were seen as an important person and felt welcomed by healthcare personnel. Information and follow‐ups regarding the need for care were essential. Continuity with the healthcare personnel was one way to establish a relationship, which contributed to patients' feelings of being seen and understood. Good encounters were important for patients' feelings of health and well‐being. Being met with mistrust, ignorance and nonchalance had negative effects on patients' perceived health and well‐being and led to feelings of lower confidence regarding the care received.ConclusionsPatients described a great need to be confirmed and met with respect by healthcare personnel, which contributed to their sense of togetherness. Having a sense of togetherness strengthened patient well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceBy listening and responding to patients' needs and engaging in meetings with patients in a respectful manner, healthcare personnel can empower patients' feelings of health and well‐being. Healthcare personnel need to be aware of the significance of these actions because they can make patients experience feelings of togetherness, even if patients meet with different care personnel at each visit.