bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastmilk fatty acids in relation to sensitization – the ALADDIN birth cohort
Authors: Rosenlund H. , Fagerstedt S. , Alm J. , Mie A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundBreastmilk fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with childhood allergic disease. Children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle have a low prevalence of sensitization compared to reference groups. This study aimed to investigate whether the lower prevalence of sensitization among these children can be explained by the differences in breastmilk FA composition.MethodsThe prospective birth cohort ALADDIN included 330 children from anthroposophic, partly anthroposophic and nonanthroposophic families recruited between 2004 and 2007 in Sweden. In total, 245 breastmilk samples, collected at 2 months of age, were analysed for FA composition. Allergen‐specific IgE levels against seven common allergens were measured in the blood samples at the ages of 6, 12 and 24 months. Data were analysed longitudinally using generalized estimating equations.ResultsAn inverse association was observed between total concentration of omega‐3 PUFA in breastmilk and sensitization in the child up to 24 months of age (highest vs lowest quartile, RRadj 0. 49, 95% CI 0.23–1.05, P for trend 0.024). No associations were observed between omega‐6 PUFAs or ruminant FAs and sensitization. Overall, we observed 56% lower risks of sensitization among the anthroposophic group compared to the nonanthroposophic group (RRadj 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.90). This association remained largely unchanged when breastmilk omega‐3 PUFA was included in the model.ConclusionOur results indicate that a higher concentration of omega‐3 PUFAs in breastmilk may be associated with a reduced risk of sensitization up to 24 months of age; however, this did not explain the lower risk of sensitization among children of anthroposophic families.
MP‐AzeFlu is more effective than fluticasone propionate for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children
Authors: Berger W. , Bousquet J. , Fox A. T. , Just J. , Muraro A. , Nieto A. , Valovirta E. , Wickman M. , Wahn U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the efficacy of MP‐AzeFlu (Dymista®) vs fluticasone propionate (FP), (both 1 spray/nostril bid), in children with allergic rhinitis (AR). MP‐AzeFlu combines azelastine hydrochloride, FP and a novel formulation in a single spray. Children were randomized in a 3 : 1 ratio to MP‐AzeFlu or FP in this open‐label, 3‐month study. Efficacy was assessed in children aged ≥ 6 to <12 years (MP‐AzeFlu: n = 264; FP: n = 89), using a 4‐point symptom severity rating scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms; 3 = severe symptoms). Over the 3‐month period, MP‐AzeFlu‐treated children experienced significantly greater symptom relief than FP‐treated children (Diff: −0.14; 95% CI: −0.28, −0.01; P = 0.04), noted from the first day (particularly the first 7 days) and sustained for 90 days. More MP‐AzeFlu children achieved symptom‐free or mild symptom severity status, and did so up to 16 days faster than FP. MP‐AzeFlu provides significantly greater, more rapid and clinically relevant symptom relief than FP in children with AR.
Epiretinal membrane surgery evaluated by subjective outcome
Authors: Miliatos Ionas , Lindgren Gun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine pre‐ and postoperative visual interference, subjective symptoms and visual acuity in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery.MethodsA retrospective observational case series comparing 239 eyes in 231 consecutive patients with idiopathic ERM in a selected catchment area from 2002 to 2009. Demography, visual acuity (VA), lens status and subjective symptoms were analysed before and after the operation. Patients, healthy enough to participate at least 2 years post surgery, answered a questionnaire about their subjective functional impairment before and after the ERM peeling. Visual disturbance was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 1 to 100 mm.ResultsThe preoperative VA for the eyes in the study was median 0.40 logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) (range −0.1 to 1.22) resulted in VA of 0.22 logMAR (range −0.1 to 1.1), which is a statistical significant difference (p −). Of 180 patients contacted, answers were received from 103 (57%). Subjective visual disturbance assessed on the VAS showed a median of 70 mm (range 0–100) before surgery compared to a subjective disturbance median 27 mm (range 0–98) postoperatively. The change preoperatively to postoperatively was mean −34 mm (SD 31), median −37 (range −96 to 37), p −. Patients with much disturbance at baseline measured by VAS experienced more subjective benefit of the operation measured by the distance between the mark on the VAS preoperatively and postoperatively, p −, Spearman correlation coefficient.ConclusionPatients with considerable preoperative disturbance benefit more from an operation than those with less disturbance.
The influence of drill length and irrigation system on heat production during osteotomy preparation for dental implants: an ex vivo study
Authors: Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Aramburú Júnior Jaime Sardá , Pérez‐Albacete Martínez Carlos , Ramirez Fernandez Maria Piedad , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to measure the influence of drill length and irrigation system on heat production during osteotomy preparation for dental implants using bovine bone rib as experimental model.Materials and methodsThree groups were created: Group 1: drilling with three consecutive burs with double irrigation (internal and external) for a 4.0 mm conical implant; and Group 2 and Group 3: drilling with three consecutive burs with external irrigation for a 4.1 mm cylindrical implant and for a 4.3 mm conical implant, respectively. Four lengths were tested: 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm; in site prepared on bovine ribs using a surgical unit linked to a testing device, to standardize and simulate implant drilling procedures. Bone temperature variations were recorded using three thermocouples in different positions as of the crestal bone: 2 mm, position (p1); 7 mm, position 2 (p2); and 12 mm, position 3 (p3).ResultsThe highest temperature changes were invariably recorded during the process of withdrawal. Significantly lower temperature changes (P < 0.02) could be recorded at maximum drilling depths during the shearing process regardless of drilling depth or irrigation method. Double irrigation was associated with significantly lower temperatures compared with external irrigation by the use of implant drills (P < 0.01).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this ex vivo study was possible concluded that the use a double irrigation system in multiple conventional drill for osteotomy can decrease the heat generation when increase the drill length.
Information retrieval, critical appraisal and knowledge of evidence‐based dentistry among Finnish dental students
Authors: Nieminen P. , Virtanen J. I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundOne of the core skills of competent dentist is the ability to search and analyse high‐quality evidence. Problems in understanding the basic aspects of knowledge‐based information may impede its implementation into clinical practice. We examined how Finnish dental students acquire scientific information and how familiar they are with methods for evaluating scientific evidence related to clinical questions.MethodsAll fifth‐year dental students (n = 120) at the three universities in Finland received a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsThe three most commonly used sources of information were colleagues, the commercial Health Gate Portal for dental practitioners and personal lecture notes. Although students rarely read scientific journals, they did find that they possess at least passable or even good skills in literature retrieval. Three questions related to the appraisal of evidence in dentistry revealed that students' knowledge of evidence‐based dentistry was inadequate to critically evaluate clinical research findings.ConclusionMost students seem to lack knowledge of key methodological evidence‐based terms. The present curricula in dental schools fail to encourage the students to search and acquire knowledge wider than their patients themselves do. Universities have the responsibility to teach dentists various methods of critical appraisal to cope with scientific information.
A dietary polyphenol resveratrol acts to provide neuroprotection in recurrent stroke models by regulating AMPK and SIRT1 signaling, thereby reducing energy requirements during ischemia
Authors: Wang L.‐M. , Wang Y.‐J. , Cui M. , Luo W.‐J. , Wang X.‐J. , Barber P.A. , Chen Z.‐Y. 
Published: April 2016

The above article from European Journal of Neuroscience, published online on 5 March 2013 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejn.12162/full), has been retracted by agreement between the Editors‐in‐Chief, Paul Bolam and John Foxe, the authors and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as Dr Phillip Barber has informed the publisher that he had seen neither the original data nor any version of the manuscript, and had not been involved in the work reported. A subsequent Institutional investigation found evidence of misconduct on the part of the submitting author.ReferenceWang, L.‐M., Wang, Y.‐J., Cui, M., Luo, W.‐J., Wang, X.‐J., Barber, P.A. & Chen, Z.‐Y. (2013) A dietary polyphenol resveratrol acts to provide neuroprotection in recurrent stroke models by regulating AMPK and SIRT1 signaling, thereby reducing energy requirements during ischemia. Eur. J. Neurosci., 37, 1669–1681. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12162
Virtual car accidents of epilepsy patients, interictal epileptic activity, and medication
Authors: Nirkko Arto C. , Bernasconi Corrado , von Allmen Andreas , Liechti Christian , Mathis Johannes , Krestel Heinz 
Published: April 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate effects of interictal epileptic activity (IEA) and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on reactivity and aspects of the fitness to drive for epilepsy patients.MethodsForty‐six adult patients with demonstration of focal or generalized bursts of IEA in electroencephalography (EEG) readings within 1 year prior to inclusion irrespective of medication performed a car driving computer test or a single light flash test (39 patients performed both). Reaction times (RTs), virtual crashes, or lapses (RT ≥ 1 s in the car or flash test) were measured in an IEA burst–triggered fashion during IEA and compared with RT‐measurements during unremarkable EEG findings in the same session.ResultsIEA prolonged RTs both in the flash and car test (p < 0.001) in individual patients up to 200 ms. Generalized IEA with spike/waves (s/w) had the largest effect on RT prolongation (p < 0.001, both tests), whereas mean RT during normal EEG, age, gender, and number of AEDs had no effect. The car test was better than the flash test in detecting RT prolongations (p = 0.030). IEA increased crashes/lapses >26% in sessions with generalized IEA with s/w. The frequency of IEA‐associated RT >1 s exceeded predictions (p < 0.001) based on simple RT shift, suggesting functional impairment beyond progressive RT prolongation by IEA. The number of AEDs correlated with prolonged RTs during normal EEG (p < 0.021) but not with IEA‐associated RT prolongation or crashes/lapses.SignificanceIEA prolonged RTs to varying extents, dependent on IEA type. IEA‐associated RTs >1 s were more frequent than predicted, suggesting beginning cerebral decompensation of visual stimulus processing. AEDs somewhat reduced psychomotor speed, but it was mainly the IEA that contributed to an excess of virtual accidents.
Seasonal forecasting for decision support in marine fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Hobday Alistair J. , Spillman Claire M. , Paige Eveson J. , Hartog Jason R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe production of marine protein from fishing and aquaculture is influenced by environmental conditions. Ocean temperature, for example, can change the growth rate of cultured animals, or the distribution of wild stocks. In turn these impacts may require changes in fishing or farming practices. In addition to short‐term environmental fluctuations, long‐term climate‐related trends are also resulting in new conditions, necessitating adjustment in fishing, farming and management approaches. Longer‐term climate forecasts, however, are seen as less relevant by many in the seafood sector owing to more immediate concerns. Seasonal forecasts provide insight into upcoming environmental conditions, and thus allow improved decision making. Forecasts based on dynamic ocean models are now possible and offer improved performance relative to statistical forecasts, particularly given baseline shifts in the environment as a result of climate change. Seasonal forecasting is being used in marine farming and fishing operations in Australia, including wild tuna and farmed salmon and prawns, to reduce uncertainty and manage business risks. Forecast variables include water temperature, rainfall and air temperature, and are considered useful up to approximately 4 months into the future, depending on the region and season of interest. Species‐specific habitat forecasts can also be made by combining these environment forecasts with biological habitat preference data. Seasonal forecasts are useful when a range of options are available for implementation in response to the forecasts. The use of seasonal forecasts in supporting effective marine management may also represent a useful stepping stone to improved decision making and industry resilience at longer timescales.
Convergence among global biogeographical realms in the physiological niche of evergreen and deciduous vegetation
Authors: Buitenwerf Robert , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: April 2016

AimThe seasonal timing and duration of leaf deployment has major implications for earth–atmosphere interactions and biotic processes. While evidence for impacts of global change on the timing of leaf deployment (leaf phenology) is accumulating, knowledge of the mechanisms that determine the duration of leaf deployment (leaf habit) and its geographical distribution remains incomplete. Theoretical models of leaf habit assume that a selective environment leads to convergence to an optimal leaf habit. Here we examine convergence in the physiological niche of different leaf habits.LocationSouth American, African, Indo‐Pacific and Australian biogeographical realms.MethodsWe delineated the distribution of three phenomes: high leaf area evergreen vegetation, low leaf area evergreen vegetation and deciduous vegetation, using a 1981–2012 time series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). For each phenome in each of the four biogeographical realms we quantified the physiological niche using a process‐based model of plant growth. The derived physiological niche dimensions of each phenome in each realm were used to project its potential distribution into other, non‐native, realms. Convergence in leaf habit was quantified as the level of consistency among the projections from all realms.ResultsThe overall agreement between observed and predicted phenomes in the native realm was high (80%), suggesting that the model adequately describes the physiological niches of phenomes. Projections from each phenome into non‐native realms coincided in 89% of the study area, implying widespread convergence of the physiological niches of phenomes. For the remaining 11% of the study area projections of all realms did not coincide, implying that the predicted phenome type is uncertain.Main conclusionsModelled physiological niches of the same phenome in different biogeographical realms largely overlap. This implies a dominant role for evolutionary convergence in the biogeography of leaf habit. Overall, our analysis therefore suggests that the impact of global change on the geographical distribution of leaf habit can be predicted by relatively simple physiological models. Potential explanations for non‐convergence on 11% of the study area include historical contingencies and alternative stable states.
Worlds of Work: Changing Landscapes of Production and the New Geographies of Opportunity
Authors: Theodore Nik 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper provides a critical overview of major trends impacting labor standards in the global economy. On the production side, these include the increasing financialization of capital, internationalization of production networks, and informalization of employment. These processes interact with changes within labor markets resulting from a doubling of the number of workers who comprise the labor pool available within the capitalist system as well as increases in international migration. The paper concludes by considering emerging approaches that are being developed by workers' rights organizations, labor unions, and advocacy organizations to organize workers' and improve labor protections.
Perspectives on the Synoptic Climate Classification and its Role in Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Dixon P. Grady , Allen Michael , Gosling Simon N. , Hondula David M. , Ingole Vijendra , Lucas Rebekah , Vanos Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSynoptic climatology has a long history of research where weather data are aggregated and composited to gain a better understanding of atmospheric effects on non‐atmospheric variables. This has resulted in an applied scientific discipline that yields methods and tools designed for applications across disciplinary boundaries. The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is an example of such a tool that helps researchers bridge methodological gaps between disciplines, especially those studying weather effects on human health. The SSC has been applied in several multi‐discipline projects, and it appears that there is ample opportunity for growth into new topical areas. Likewise, there is opportunity for the SSC network to be expanded across the globe, especially into mid‐latitude locations in the Southern Hemisphere. There is some question of the utility of the SSC in tropical locations, but such decisions must be based on the actual weather data from individual locations. Despite all of the strengths and potential uses of the SSC, there are some research problems, some locations, and some datasets for which it is not suitable. Nevertheless, the success of the SSC as a cross‐disciplinary method is noteworthy because it has become a catalyst for collaboration.
Screening of Two ADH4 Variations in a Swedish Cluster Headache Case–Control Material
Authors: Fourier Carmen , Ran Caroline , Steinberg Anna , Sjöstrand Christina , Waldenlind Elisabet , Carmine Belin Andrea 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundCluster headache (CH) is a severe neurovascular disorder and an increasing amount of evidence points to a genetic contribution to this disease. When CH was first described, it was observed that alcohol may precipitate an attack during the active phase of the disease. The alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene encodes an enzyme which contributes to the metabolization of alcohol and is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for CH. Two Italian groups have reported association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1126671 located in the ADH4 gene with an increased risk of CH in Italy. In addition, one of the groups found an association between the ADH4 SNP rs1800759 and CH.ObjectiveTo perform a replication study on the ADH4 SNPs rs1126671 and rs1800759 in a large homogeneous Swedish case–control cohort in order to further investigate the possible contribution of ADH4 to CH.MethodsA total of 390 unrelated patients diagnosed with CH and 389 controls representing a general Swedish population were recruited to the study. DNA samples from patients and controls were genotyped for the two ADH4 SNPs rs1126671 and rs1800759 using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses of genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies for the two SNPs were performed and compared between patients and controls.ResultsFor rs1126671, the minor allele frequency (A allele) was 32.8% (n = 254) in controls compared with 31.9% (n = 249) in CH patients. The minor allele frequency (A allele) of rs1800759 was 42.3% (n = 324) in controls and 41.9% (n = 327) in CH patients. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in allele as well as in genotype or haplotype frequencies between the patient and control group for either SNP. This was also seen after stratifying the patient group for experiencing alcohol as a trigger factor.ConclusionsThe data did not support an association of the ADH4 SNPs rs1126671 and rs1800759 with CH. A comparison with previous studies revealed variance in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies among the different populations which might contribute to the contradictory results. Although a significant association with CH in Swedish case–control group was not found, ADH4 as a candidate gene for CH could not be excluded.
Reintegration as an Emerging Vision of Justice for Victims of Human Trafficking
Authors: Bearup Luke S 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines the discoursal shift to “reintegration” within trafficking protection programmes and policy, with emphasis upon Cambodia. The evidence indicates that non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) are progressively making “reintegration” their primary protective objective. Yet a lack of conceptual clarity prevails and is being exacerbated by models and forms of guidance which position NGOs as directly undertaking or providing for the achievement of reintegration. This article argues that NGOs and their practitioners cannot “reintegrate” anyone – at least not in any substantive sense. Drawing upon the discourse within the field of protection practice, a dualist conception of reintegration is proposed as comprised of “procedural” and “substantive” elements. Accordingly, the procedural delivery of assistance may or may not support the substantive attainment of reintegration. It is argued that the emerging focus upon reintegration reflects a broadened vision of justice which warrants further research into the social and cultural foundations necessary for its achievement.
Current patient and healthcare worker attitudes to eHealth and the personally controlled electronic health record in major hospitals
Authors: Armani R. , Mitchell L. E. , Allen‐Graham J. , Heriot N. R. , Kotsimbos T. , Wilson J. W. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe current health system in Australia is comprised of both electronic‐ and paper‐based medical records. The Federal Government has approved funding for the development of an individual health identifier and a universally adopted online health repository.AimsTo determine attitudes and beliefs of patients and healthcare workers regarding the use of stored medical information and the personally controlled electronic health record (PCEHR) in selected major hospitals in Victoria.MethodsQualitative survey of patients and healthcare workers (n = 600 each group) conducted during 2014 across five major hospitals in Melbourne to measure the awareness, attitudes and barriers to electronic health and the PCEHR.ResultsOf the patients, 93.3% support the concept of a shared electronic healthcare record, 33.7% were aware of the PCEHR and only 11% had registered. The majority of healthcare workers believed that the presence of a shared health record would result in an increased appropriateness of care and patient safety by reducing adverse drug events and improving the timeliness of care provided. However, only 46% of healthcare workers were aware of the PCEHR.ConclusionsThis study provides a baseline evaluation of perceptions surrounding eHealth and PCHER in acute health services in five metropolitan centres. While there appears to be a readiness for adoption of these strategies for healthcare documentation, patients require motivation to register for the PCEHR, and healthcare workers require more information on the potential benefits to them to achieve more timely and efficient care.