bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Generic Approach for Assessing Compatibility Between Task Descriptions and Interactive Systems: Application to the Effectiveness of a Flight Control Unit
Authors: Fayollas Camille , Martinie Célia , Navarre David , Palanque Philippe 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Task models are a very powerful artefact describing users’ goals and users’ activities and contain numerous information extremely useful for designing usable interactive applications. Indeed, task models is one of the very few means for ensuring effectiveness of the application i. e. that the application allows users to reach their goals and perform their tasks. This paper presents a tool-supported framework for exploiting task models throughout the development process and even when the interactive application is deployed and used. To this end, we introduce a framework for connecting task models to an existing, executable, interactive application. The main contribution of the paper lies in the definition of a systematic correspondence between the user interface elements of the interactive application and the low level tasks in the task model. Depending on the fact that the code of the application is available or not, the fact that the application has been prepared at programming time for such integration or not, we propose different alternatives to perform such correspondence (in a toolsupported way). This task-application integration allows the exploitation of task models at run time bringing in the benefits listed above to any interactive application. The approach, the tools and the integration are presented on a case study of a Flight Control Unit (FCU) used in aircraft cockpits. This paper extends the article entitled ‘A Generic Tool-Supported Framework for Coupling Task Models and Interactive Applications’ which have been presented at the 7th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS 2015). In this expanded version, the detailed description of the correspondence between annotations in the program of the interactive application and interactive tasks in the task models has been added. The complete version of the case study has also been integrated so that the application of each step of the proposed validation process is presented.
Is the possibility of replacing seed dressings containing neonicotinoids with other means of protection viable in major Polish agricultural crops?
Authors: Matyjaszczyk Ewa , Sobczak Joanna , Szulc Magdalena 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Following the limitations regarding the use of the neonicotinoids: clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid there are no currently available insecticide seed dressings for oilseed rape in Poland. For maize here is only one seed dressing containing methiocarb available with a very narrow registered scope of use. The impact of limitations on protection possibilities of other major Polish agricultural crops is either negligible or non-existent. In consequence a group of economically important insect pests of maize [dungbeetles (Melolonthidae); click beetles (Elateridae); noctuid moths (Agrotinae)] and oilseed rape [leaf miners (Agromyzidae), turnip sawfly (Athalia colibri Christ.), cabbage weevils (Curculionidae), cabbage root fly (Hylemyia brassicae Bche.), diamond-back moth (Plutella maculipennis Curt.)] is left without any legal possibility of chemical control. For the other important pests of the early growth stage of oilseed rape development, there are only pyrethroids available together with one product containing chloropiryfos that can be applied once per vegetation season. Since both maize and oilseed rape are grown in Poland on the area of approximately 1 million ha (each crop), this situation raises concerns about production possibilities as well as development of pest resistance.
Light and Transmission Electron Microscopical Changes Associated with Leiurus Quinqestriatus Venom in Rabbits
Authors: Afifi Salah H. , El-Kashef Reham , Seddek A. Sh. , Salem Diefy A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Thirty California female rabbits were obtained from the Animal Care Center, College of Agriculture, South Valley University and acclimated to laboratory conditions for one week. The Leiurus quinquestriatus (LQ) venom was collected from mature scorpions by electrical stimulation of the telson. A single dose of crude venom of 0.4 ml/kg (diluted in normal saline with a ratio of 1:1) was injected into a peripheral ear vein. The lungs, brains, hearts, kidneys, were sampled and fixed in 10% formalin from rabbits sacrificed at zero, 30 minutes, 1hr, and 4hrs, post-envenomation (three animals at each sacrifice). Respiratory distress and neurological manifestations were the main clinical signs. Congestion of the lungs was started at one hour post-envenomation. Vascular changes including hyperemia and hemorrhage were also observed till 24 hours post-envenomation. The main histopathological changes of the lungs were edema, hemorrhage, emphysema, and eosinophilic bronchitis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed several eosinophils with abundant granules and breakdown of their membranes suggesting degranulation. The cerebrum showed malacia and edema. Myocardial damage expressed by focal area of myolysis at half-hour post-envenomation and interstitial edema by at 1, and 4 hour post-envenomation was also evident. In conclusion, scorpion venom induced consistent and relevant histopathological changes in all examined organs.
Generalized Derivations as a Generalization of Jordan Homomorphisms Acting on Lie Ideals and Right Ideals
Authors: Dhara Basudeb , Sahebi Shervin , Rahmani Venus 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Let R be a prime ring with center Z(R) and extended centroid C, H a non-zero generalized derivation of R and n ≥ 1 a fixed integer. In this paper we study the situations:
(1) H(u2)n−H(u)2n ∈ C for all u ∈ L, where L is a non-central Lie ideal of R;
(2) H(u2)n − H(u)2n = 0 for all u ∈ [I, I], where I is a nonzero right ideal of R.
Generalized Derivations on Lie Ideals and Power Values on Prime Rings
Authors: Scudo Giovanni , Ansari Abu Zaid 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Let R be a non-commutative prime ring of characteristic different from 2, U the Utumi quotient ring of R, C the extended centroid of R, L a non-central Lie ideal of R, G a non-zero generalized derivation of R.
If [G(u), u]n = [G(u), u], for all u ∈ L, with n > 1, then one of the following holds:
(1) R satisfies the standard identity s4(x1, . . . , x4) and there exist a ∈ U and α ∈ C such that G(x) = ax + xa + αx for all x ∈ R;
(2) there exists γ ∈ C such that G(x) = γx for all x ∈ R.
The Solvability of a Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Szymańska-Dȩbowska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper we consider the following boundary value problem

where f : [0, 1]×ℝk×ℝk → ℝk and the integral is meant in the sense of Riemann- Stieltjes. We give conditions for the existence of a solution for this boundary value problem using the properties of the Leray-Schauder topological degree. Our result extends some results in the references
On Null Lagrangians
Authors: Saunders D. J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We consider Lagrangians for parametric variational problems defined on velocity manifolds and show that a Lagrangian is null precisely when its shadow, a family of vector forms, is closed. We also show that a null Lagrangian can be recovered (to within a constant) from its shadow, and therefore that such a Lagrangian is (again to within a constant) a sum of determinants of total derivatives.
Convergence of Series on Large Set of Indices
Authors: Głąb Szymon , Olczyk Michał 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We prove that if

an = ∞ and (an) is non-decreasing, then

an = ∞ for any set A ⊂ ℕ of positive lower density. We introduce a Cauchy-like definition of I-convergence of series. We prove that the I-convergence of series coincides with the convergence on large set of indexes if and only if I is a P-ideal. It turns out that I-convergence of series

an implies I-convergence of (an) to zero. The converse implication does not hold for analytic P-ideals and it is independent of ZFC that there is I ideal of naturals for which I-convergence of (an) to zero implies I-convergence of series

an = ∞ for every sequence (an).
Trace metal concentrations in free-ranger, tube-dweller chironomid larvae and a weakly polluted fluvial sediment
Authors: Grzybkowska Maria , Dukowska Małgorzata , Michałowicz Jaromir , Leszczyńska Joanna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze macroinvertebrate assemblages dominated by Chironomidae (Diptera) and to assess the protective nature of these midges’ larval tubes against trace metals in the weakly polluted Bzura River. This low order lowland river flows through the Łódź City Municipal Area and is supplied by a large amount of organic matter from ecotones and a polluted roadside. Determination of metal content in sediments and chironomid tissue and tubes was conducted using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Our study has shown that the composition of chironomid assemblages was not determined by trace metals but rather by high organic enrichment, which caused the dominance of two species representing the same trophic group − gathering collectors − but differing in behavior. One of them belongs to free-rangers (Prodiamesa olivacea), while the other (Chironomus riparius) to tube-dweller larvae. Although the accumulation of certain trace metals in the tubes was found, the larvae of both types of behavior had a similar concentration of metals in their tissues, which proves effective metal detoxification in these insects.
Small water ponds as reservoirs of algae biodiversity
Authors: Paczuska Bogna , Paczuski Ryszard 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The areas of northern Poland are typical examples of recently formed post-glacial landscapes with a very large number of small ponds. Phycology of these ponds has been seldom studied, especially when compared to data collected from lager post-glacial lakes. The aim of our study was to determine the importance of small ponds to the biodiversity of algae.
In 1996-2002 and 2012-13, we carried out phycological studies in 20 small ponds located in fields and forests. During the study period, we recorded the presence of 503 taxa of algae. The flora of algae was unique in each pond. Another important and frequent observation was the total and rapid “rebuilding” of algal flora.
Statistical analyses revealed some other important facts, including the importance of small ponds to algal biodiversity. The average number of taxa recorded during the studies of individual water reservoirs was 56, thus much less than usually recorded in typical large lakes. But when we take the large number of small ponds into consideration, it appears that they represent more than 97% of the populations of algae and for this reason they are important to the biodiversity of algae.
The use of biopreparations in lake restoration − experimental research
Authors: Dunalska Julita A. , Sieńska Justyna , Szymański Daniel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The experiment was established in a set of containers. Every container held a 10 cm thick layer of profundal sediments and water from a badly polluted lake. The following five preparations were tested (brand names): AQUAKALGON+, BIOGEN REMEDIANT, BIODENN K, ECOTABS 1(TABLETS), ECOTABS 2(POWDER). The biological preparations were applied twice: phase I lasted 56 days and phase II was continued for 21 days. The research results demonstrated that considerably higher values, compared to the control, were initially (day 3) obtained for TOC after the application of ECOTABS 1, for total nitrogen − after BIODENN K and ECOTABS 1, and for total phosphorus − after BIODENN K, ECOTABS 1 and BIOGEN REMEDIANT. Multiplying bacteria might have been an additional source of organic matter in water, which was subsequently deposited in the bottom sediments as implicated by a higher percentage (by 1 to 7% of d.w.) of organic matter in the sediments at the termination of the experiment. Our preliminary experiment did not provide any justification for using the tested preparations in lake restoration efforts. Subsequent studies should focus on the question whether mineral phosphorus released to the lake water or a drastic change in the environmental conditions would not lead towards the dominance of invasive and highly toxic cyanobacteria.
A brief look at the free-living Nematoda of the oxic/anoxic interface with a new genus record (Trefusia) for the Black Sea
Authors: Ürkmez Derya , Brennan Michael L. , Sezgin Murat , Bat Levent 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In order to provide the first comparative source of nematofaunal data at the oxic/anoxic interface off the Sinop Peninsula, the southern Black Sea, a survey of meiofauna and nematode fauna was conducted in August 2011 aboard the exploration vessel (E/V) Nautilus with ROV during the Black Sea Expedition NA012. Higher meiofaunal taxa and nematode composition were investigated. Free-living marine nematodes were the most abundant group at each site. A total of 84 species were found, belonging to 23 families. The suboxic zone was dominated by the nematode Trefusia aff. longicauda (42%). This is the first record of the genus Trefusia De Man, 1893 for the Black Sea. Although many factors are likely to influence the changes in the meiofaunal abundance and the composition of nematode assemblages, we suggest that oxygen reduction indeed affected the meiofaunal abundance and the nematode composition, however, a particular preference of several taxa for extreme conditions may be suggested.
A Note on a Methodological Issue Pertaining to the Empirical Specification of the Probability of Crisis Initiation
Authors: Carlson Lisa J. , Dacey Raymond 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis note examines a methodological issue pertaining to the empirical specification of the probability of crisis initiation. We show that the empirical specification of the probability of crisis initiation encounters an insurmountable methodological problem, and, by example, that the problem leads empirical researchers to incorrect conclusions regarding the relationship between regime type and crisis initiation, in particular.
On the Dynamics of Extremist Violence
Authors: Kıbrıs Arzu , Kıbrıs Özgür 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany modern armed conflicts contain more than two fighting parties, or armed opposition groups that have factions within them. It is the moderates in an armed opposition that governments negotiate with. But the agreement’s fate depends on the approval of all other significant actors within the opposition. We construct a dynamic model of conflict in which such an actor is to decide whether to accept a peace agreement signed by the moderates or not. Using this model we analyze the behavior of our decision maker, focusing on outcomes like the optimal settlement strategy, expected duration of the conflict, and the decision maker’s expected payoff from conflict. We then determine how these outcomes are affected by changes in the conflict environment. Finally, we extend our model to analyze the implications of commitment problems, and the possibility that the conflict ends with military victory of either side.
Distributed and Dynamic Neural Encoding of Multiple Motion Directions of Transparently Moving Stimuli in Cortical Area MT
Authors: Xiao Jianbo , Huang Xin 
Published: December 2015

Segmenting visual scenes into distinct objects and surfaces is a fundamental visual function. To better understand the underlying neural mechanism, we investigated how neurons in the middle temporal cortex (MT) of macaque monkeys represent overlapping random-dot stimuli moving transparently in slightly different directions. It has been shown that the neuronal response elicited by two stimuli approximately follows the average of the responses elicited by the constituent stimulus components presented alone. In this scheme of response pooling, the ability to segment two simultaneously presented motion directions is limited by the width of the tuning curve to motion in a single direction. We found that, although the population-averaged neuronal tuning showed response averaging, subgroups of neurons showed distinct patterns of response tuning and were capable of representing component directions that were separated by a small angle—less than the tuning width to unidirectional stimuli. One group of neurons preferentially represented the component direction at a specific side of the bidirectional stimuli, weighting one stimulus component more strongly than the other. Another group of neurons pooled the component responses nonlinearly and showed two separate peaks in their tuning curves even when the average of the component responses was unimodal. We also show for the first time that the direction tuning of MT neurons evolved from initially representing the vector-averaged direction of slightly different stimuli to gradually representing the component directions. Our results reveal important neural processes underlying image segmentation and suggest that information about slightly different stimulus components is computed dynamically and distributed across neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNatural scenes often contain multiple entities. The ability to segment visual scenes into distinct objects and surfaces is fundamental to sensory processing and is crucial for generating the perception of our environment. Because cortical neurons are broadly tuned to a given visual feature, segmenting two stimuli that differ only slightly is a challenge for the visual system. In this study, we discovered that many neurons in the visual cortex are capable of representing individual components of slightly different stimuli by selectively and nonlinearly pooling the responses elicited by the stimulus components. We also show for the first time that the neural representation of individual stimulus components developed over a period of ∼70–100 ms, revealing a dynamic process of image segmentation.
Sequential Retraction Segregates SGN Processes during Target Selection in the Cochlea
Authors: Druckenbrod Noah R. , Goodrich Lisa V. 
Published: December 2015

A hallmark of the nervous system is the presence of precise patterns of connections between different types of neurons. Many mechanisms can be used to establish specificity, including homophilic adhesion and synaptic refinement, but the range of strategies used across the nervous system remains unclear. To broaden the understanding of how neurons find their targets, we studied the developing murine cochlea, where two classes of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), type I and type II, navigate together to the sensory epithelium and then diverge to contact inner hair cells (IHCs) or outer hair cells (OHCs), respectively. Neurons with type I and type II morphologies are apparent before birth, suggesting that target selection might be accomplished by excluding type I processes from the OHC region. However, because type I processes appear to overshoot into type II territory postnatally, specificity may also depend on elimination of inappropriate synapses. To resolve these differences, we analyzed the morphology and dynamic behaviors of individual fibers and their branches as they interact with potential partners. We found that SGN processes continue to be segregated anatomically in the postnatal cochlea. Although type I-like fibers branched locally, few branches contacted OHCs, arguing against synaptic elimination. Instead, time-lapse imaging studies suggest a prominent role for retraction, first positioning processes to the appropriate region and then corralling branches during a subsequent period of exuberant growth and refinement. Thus, sequential stages of retraction can help to achieve target specificity, adding to the list of mechanisms available for sculpting neural circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring development, different types of neurons must form connections with specific synaptic targets, thereby creating the precise wiring diagram necessary for adult function. Although studies have revealed multiple mechanisms for target selection, we still know little about how different strategies are used to produce each circuit's unique pattern of connectivity. Here we combined neurite-tracing and time-lapse imaging to define the events that lead to the simple binary wiring specificity of the cochlea. A better understanding of how the cochlea is innervated will broaden our knowledge of target selection across the nervous system, offer new insights into the developmental origins of deafness, and guide efforts to restore connectivity in the damaged cochlea.
Mitochondrial Superoxide Contributes to Hippocampal Synaptic Dysfunction and Memory Deficits in Angelman Syndrome Model Mice
Authors: Santini Emanuela , Turner Kathryn L. , Ramaraj Akila B. , Murphy Michael P. , Klann Eric , Kaphzan Hanoch 
Published: December 2015

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with developmental delay, lack of speech, motor dysfunction, and epilepsy. In the majority of the patients, AS is caused by the deletion of small portions of maternal chromosome 15 harboring theUBE3Agene. This results in a lack of expression of theUBE3Agene because the paternal allele is genetically imprinted. TheUBE3Agene encodes an enzyme termed ubiquitin ligase E3A (E6-AP) that targets proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Because neurodegenerative disease and other neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to oxidative stress, we asked whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a role in impaired synaptic plasticity and memory deficits exhibited by AS model mice. We discovered that AS mice have increased levels of superoxide in area CA1 of the hippocampus that is reduced by MitoQ 10-methanesuflonate (MitoQ), a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. In addition, we found that MitoQ rescued impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and deficits in contextual fear memory exhibited by AS model mice. Our findings suggest that mitochondria-derived oxidative stress contributes to hippocampal pathophysiology in AS model mice and that targeting mitochondrial ROS pharmacologically could benefit individuals with AS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxidative stress has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and Angelman syndrome (AS). Herein, we report that AS model mice exhibit elevated levels of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in pyramidal neurons in hippocampal area CA1. Moreover, we demonstrate that the administration of MitoQ (MitoQ 10-methanesuflonate), a mitochondria-specific antioxidant, to AS model mice normalizes synaptic plasticity and restores memory. Finally, our findings suggest that antioxidants that target the mitochondria could be used therapeutically to ameliorate synaptic and cognitive deficits in individuals with AS.