bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of the retreat process of composite riverbank in the Jingjiang Reach using the improved BSTEM
Authors: Zong Quanli , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Deng Shanshan , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach is closely related not only to the near‐bank intensity of fluvial erosion but also to the composition and mechanical properties of bank soils. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly simulate bank retreat to determine the characteristics of fluvial processes in the Jingjiang Reach. The current version of bank stability and toe erosion model (5.4) was improved to predict riverbank retreat, by inputting a dynamic water table, and calculating the approximation of the distribution of dynamic pore water pressure in the soil near the river bank face, and considering the depositional form of the failed blocks, which is assumedly based on a triangular distribution, with the slope approximately equalling the stable submerged bank slope and half of collapsed volume deposited in the bank‐toe region. The degrees of riverbank stability at Jing34 were calculated using the improved bank stability and toe erosion model. The results indicate the following trends: (a) the degrees of riverbank stability were high during the dry season and the rising stage, which led to minimal bank failure, and (b) the stability degrees were low during the flood season and the recession stage, with the events of bank collapse occurring frequently, which belonged to a stage of intensive bank erosion. Considering the effects of bank‐toe erosion, water table lag, and the depositional form of the collapsed bank soil, the bank‐retreat process was simulated at the right riverbank of Jing34. The model‐predicted results exhibit close agreement with the measured data, including the total bank‐retreat width and the collapsed bank profile. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of toe erosion and water table lag on the degree of bank stability. The calculated results for toe erosion indicate that the amount of toe erosion was largest during the flood season, which was a primary reason for bank failure. The influence of water table lag on the degree of stability demonstrates that water table lag was an important cause of bank failure during the recession stage.
The Literate Body: A Review of Literacies, Learning, and the Body: Putting Theory and Research Into Pedagogical Practice
Authors: Vasudevan Lalitha , Kerr Kristine Rodriguez , Enriquez Grace , Johnson Elisabeth , Kontovourki Stavroula , Mallozzi Christine A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis forum reviews a mix of resources (written texts, graphic novels, documentaries, and mixed‐media pieces) to inform pedagogy and related educational practices that foreground representations of youths and their literacy practices within and outside of school.
A Novel Distal Enhancer Mediates Inflammation‐, PTH‐, and Early Onset Murine Kidney Disease‐Induced Expression of the Mouse Fgf23 Gene
Authors: Onal Melda , Carlson Alex H , Thostenson Jeff D , Benkusky Nancy A , Meyer Mark B , Lee Seong M , Pike J Wesley 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production is regulated by both calciotropic hormones and inflammation. Consistent with this, elevated FGF23 levels are associated with inflammatory markers as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH) in various disease states, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning Fgf23 transcription in response to these regulators are largely unknown. We therefore utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP‐seq) data from an osteocyte cell line to identify potential regulatory regions of the Fgf23 gene. Based on ChIP‐seq analysis of enhancer‐associated histone modifications, including H3K4 methylation and H3K9 acetylation, we discovered several potential enhancers for Fgf23, one of which was located 16kb upstream of the gene's transcriptional start site. Deletion of this putative enhancer from the mouse genome using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology led to lower bone, thymus, and spleen expression of Fgf23 mRNA without altering circulating levels of the intact hormone, although as previously reported, only bone displayed significant basal expression. Nevertheless, lack of the −16kb enhancer blunted FGF23 upregulation in a tissue‐specific manner by the acute inflammatory inducers lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) in bone, non‐osseous tissues, and in circulation. Lack of the −16kb enhancer also inhibited PTH‐induced bone Fgf23 mRNA. Moreover, the absence of this Fgf23 enhancer in an oxalate diet‐induced murine CKD model prevented the early onset induction of osseous, renal, and thymic Fgf23 mRNA levels and led to a significant blunting of elevated circulating intact FGF23 levels. These results suggest that −16kb enhancer mediates the induction of Fgf23 by inflammation and PTH and facilitates the increase in FGF23 expression in a murine model of CKD. As exemplified herein, these Fgf23 enhancer‐deleted mice will provide a unique model in which to study the role of FGF23 expression in inflammatory diseases. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
High prevalence of candiduria due to non‐albicans Candida species among diabetic patients: A matter of concern?
Authors: Esmailzadeh Alireza , Zarrinfar Hossein , Fata AbdolMajid , Sen Tanuka 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundAmong the fungal pathogens, Candida species are the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Some predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus, urinary retention, urinary stasis, renal transplantation, and hospitalization can increase the risk of candiduria. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate candiduria among type 2 diabetic patients and identification of the Candida isolates.MethodFour hundred clean‐catch midstream urine specimens were obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The specimens were centrifuged and the sediments were examined by direct examination and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The plates were incubated for 2‐3 days at 35°C. The Candida colonies were counted and purified using CHROMagar Candida. The isolates were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) system.ResultsOf the 400 urine specimens, 40 (10%) had positive cultures for Candida species with a colony count of ≥1 × 103 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The frequencies of the Candida species were as follows: C. albicans (n = 19, 47.5%), C. glabrata (n = 15, 37.5%), C. kefyer (n = 4, 10%) and C. krusei (n = 2, 5%). Seventy‐three (88%) of the patients with candiduria had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels above 7%.ConclusionThe rate of candiduria was relatively high in type 2 diabetic patients and they were also suffering from a lack of proper blood glucose control. Although the frequency of non‐albicans Candida species had not significantly higher than C. albicans, however, they obtained more from those with symptomatic candiduria.
A 12‐week integrative exercise program improves self‐reported mindfulness and interoceptive awareness in war veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Mehling Wolf E. , Chesney Margaret A. , Metzler Thomas J. , Goldstein Lizabeth A. , Maguen Shira , Geronimo Chris , Agcaoili Gary , Barnes Deborah E. , Hlavin Jennifer A. , Neylan Thomas C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveInnovative approaches to the treatment of war‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are needed. We report on secondary psychological outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of integrative exercise (IE) using aerobic and resistance exercise with mindfulness‐based principles and yoga. We expected—in parallel to observed improvements in PTSD intensity and quality of life—improvements in mindfulness, interoceptive bodily awareness, and positive states of mind.MethodA total of 47 war veterans with PTSD were randomized to 12‐week IE versus waitlist. Changes in mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, and states of mind were assessed by self‐report standard measures.ResultsLarge effect sizes for the intervention were observed on Five‐Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Non‐Reactivity (d = .85), Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Body Listening (d = .80), and Self‐Regulation (d = 1.05).ConclusionIn a randomized controlled trial of a 12‐week IE program for war veterans with PTSD, we saw significant improvements in mindfulness, interoceptive bodily awareness, and positive states of mind compared to a waitlist.
Evaluation of Model‐Based Prediction of Pharmacokinetics in the Renal Impairment Population
Authors: Yee Ka Lai , Li Mengyao , Cabalu Tamara , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali , Lin Jian , Zhao Ping , Jadhav Pravin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDose recommendations for specific populations are not always provided and, when available, typically rely on empirical derivation from a small fraction of the general population. In this study, a prediction/confirmation framework was applied to 2 model‐based methods, physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) and a static model, to evaluate their ability to predict clearance in mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment populations and to inform dosing recommendations in these populations. Simulated renal impairment/healthy subject AUC ratios (AUCRs) from PBPK and static models were compared with observed AUCRs from dedicated clinical studies in renal impairment subjects for 7 drugs eliminated primarily by renal clearance. Both PBPK and static model predictions were within 2‐fold of observed AUCRs for most compounds across all renal impairment categories. Predictions were generally more accurate for the mild and moderate renal impairment populations, with the majority of AUCR predictions within 80% to 125% of observed values for both methods. However, the accuracy of predictions was lower for the severe renal impairment population using the PBPK method. Given the accuracy observed, both methods may be suitable for prospective predictions for early decision‐making, but are likely not sufficient sole justification for dose recommendations. There is a need to assess a larger database of compounds to enhance the predictive power of currently available tools.
Anaerobic treatment of sugar cane vinasse: treatability and real‐scale operation
Authors: López Iván , Borzacconi Liliana , Passeggi Mauricio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDVinasse is a wastewater from bioethanol production with a very high concentration of organic matter, usually from 40 to 80 gCOD L‐1. These features make this wastewater attractive for treatment in an anaerobic system. Anaerobic processes allow the valorisation of this highly polluting wastewater as an energy resource in an environmentally friendly way.RESULTSA multiscale approach was followed, using batch tests, continuous bench scale reactors, and a full‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. Potential inhibition due to high potassium concentrations was evaluated. Using batch tests, the IC50 potassium concentration was determined to be around 6 g L‐1, but continuous reactors could adapt the biomass to this concentration level without removal efficiency decay. A load of 20 gCOD L‐1 d with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies between 60% and 80% were reached in bench scale UASB and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Finally, a 100 m3 UASB reactor located in a distillery was tested under industrial conditions. A load of 0.6 kgCOD kg‐1VSS d‐1 was achieved with a COD removal efficiency of 78%.CONCLUSIONAlthough potassium was inhibitory for the inoculum, the sludge from a continuously operated reactor can be adapted to high potassium concentrations without affecting its performance. The real possibility of working with undiluted vinasse was also verified. For distilleries like the Uruguayan case, which produces 18 000 m3 of bioethanol per year, 5x10 m3 of biogas per year, with 68% methane, could be expected, representing an energy potential of about one‐third of the main fuel produced. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic factors are stressed variably by onset age‐based sample selection in psoriasis: A hint from major histocompatibility complex region‐based analysis
Authors: Ye Lei , Yang Chao , Dou Jin‐Fa , Wen Lei‐Lei , Wang Wen‐Jun , Zheng Xiao‐Dong , Zuo Xian‐Bo , Zhou Fu‐Sheng , Fan Xing , Zhang Xue‐Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundLarge cohort‐based genetic association studies have been established over a decade. However, for certain diseases, different results with respect to the genome‐wide association study level have been obtained among studies, even for those conducted within the same ethnic groups. We hypothesized that onset age‐based sample variables might have a great impact on the results.MethodsIn the present study, we divided psoriasis patients into several subgroups according to the onset age bracket. We conducted genetic association analysis in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region of each patient subgroup with shared control subjects.ResultsWe found decreases in the numbers of susceptible variants in each subgroup analysis as the onset age increased in the longitudinal analysis. Meanwhile, the pairwise analysis showed that younger patients exhibited greater numbers of genetic risks in the MHC region compared to elder patients, regardless of whether the cut‐off values were defined as 20 or 30 years old. Similar results were also found among 11–20‐, 21–30‐ and 31–40‐year‐old groups. Furthermore, when combining the results of both the stepwise regression analysis and the HLA‐C*06:02 conditioning analysis, different variants were found to be independently associated with each psoriasis subgroup.ConclusionsOnset age‐based sample variables influence the results of genetic association studies, at least in MHC region‐based genetic analysis. We suggest that caution is required when selecting samples for genetic association studies to prevent confounders that might be a result of onset age.
Transcranial MRI‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of essential tremor: A pilot study on the correlation between lesion size, lesion location, thermal dose, and clinical outcome
Authors: Federau Christian , Goubran Maged , Rosenberg Jarrett , Henderson Jaimie , Halpern Casey H. , Santini Veronica , Wintermark Max , Butts Pauly Kim , Ghanouni Pejman 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundTranscranial MR‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) is a promising noninvasive method to treat medication‐refractory essential tremor.Purpose/HypothesisTo define the correlation between lesion size after ablation, thermal dose, and clinical outcome in tcMRgFUS treatment of essential tremor.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/Subjects/Phantom/Specimen/Animal ModelEight patients with medication‐refractory essential tremor were treated using a tcMRgFUS system at 3T.Field Strength/SequenceT2‐weighted images were acquired immediately and at 1 year posttreatment at 3T.AssessmentAn atlas of the thalamic nuclei and dose maps were warped to the posttreatment images. The thermal dose, the immediate posttreatment lesion volume and 1‐year final lesion volume, and the volumes confined inside the ventral division of the ventral lateral posterior thalamic nucleus (VLpv) were correlated to clinical outcome at 1 month and 1 year using Pearson's coefficient. The spatial region of treatment correlating with maximal clinical outcome was derived in a normalized space from average maps of clinical tremor score improvement at 1 year.Statistical TestsStatistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon two‐tailed rank test.ResultsThe correlations between thermal dose, lesion volume posttreatment and at 1 year, and outcome at 1 year were good (r = 0.73, 0.65, 0.73, respectively), and were slightly better than at 1 month (r = 0.57, 0.49, 0.65). Reducing the measurement to include only the portion within the VLpv did not significantly modify the correlations (P = 0.09). The center of the spatial region of treatment was found in the anterior commissure – posterior commissure plane, 14.3 mm lateral from the midline, and 8.3 mm rostral to the posterior commissure.Data ConclusionIn this pilot study a good correlation was found between the size of the lesion, the thermal dose, and the clinical outcome in patients treated for essential tremor with ablation of the VLpv with tcMRgFUS.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Mass spectrometry characterization of endophytic bacterium Curtobacterium sp. strain ER1/6 isolated from Citrus sinensis
Authors: Araújo Francisca Diana da Silva , Santos Daiene Souza , Pagotto Carolina Clepf , de Araújo Welington Luiz , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe bacteria of the genus Curtobacterium are usually seen as plant pathogen, but some species have been identified as endophytes of different crops and could as such present a potential for disease control and plant growth promotion. We have therefore applied the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI‐MSI) in the direct analysis of living Curtobacterium sp. strain ER1/6 colonies to map the surface metabolites, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) for characterization of these compounds. Several colony‐associated metabolites were detected. The ESI‐MS/MS showed characteristic fragmentations for phospholipids including the classes of glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoglycerol, and glycerophosphoinositol as well as several fatty acids. Although a secure identification was not obtained, many other metabolites were also detected for this bacteria species. Principal component analysis showed that fatty acids were discriminatory for Curtobacterium sp. ER1/6 during inoculation on periwinkle wilt (PW) medium, whereas phospholipids characterize the bacterium when grown on the tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium.
Sensitivity of serum concentration of cartilage biomarkers to 21‐days of bed rest
Authors: Liphardt Anna‐Maria , Mündermann Annegret , Andriacchi Thomas P. , Achtzehn Silvia , Heer Martina , Mester Joachim 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) would decrease and serum levels of tumor‐necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) would increase in response to bed rest (BR) and that these changes are unaffected by the intake of potassium bicarbonate or whey protein. Seven and nine healthy male subjects participated in two 21‐day 6° head down tilt crossover BR‐studies with nutrition interventions. Serum samples were taken before, during, and after BR and biomarker concentrations were measured using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. MMP‐3 during BR was significantly lower than at baseline (reduction greater 20%; p < 0.001). MMP‐3 increased significantly from 14 to 21 days of BR (+7%; p = 0.049). COMP during BR was significantly lower than at baseline (reduction greater 20%; p < 0.001). MMP‐3 and COMP returned to baseline within 1 day after BR. MMP‐9 on day 3 of BR was significantly lower than at baseline (−31%; p < 0.033) and on days 3, 5, and 14 of BR significantly lower than at the end of and after BR (reduction greater 35%; p < 0.030). The nutritional countermeasures did not affect these results. The observed changes in cartilage biomarkers may be caused by altered cartilage metabolism in response to the lack of mechanical stimulus during BR and inflammatory biomarkers may play a role in changes in biomarker levels. Clinical relevance: Immobilization independently from injury can cause altered cartilage biomarker concentration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1465–1471, 2018.
Is glomalin an appropriate indicator of forest soil reactive nitrogen status?
Authors: Rotter Pavel , Malý Stanislav , Sáňka Ondřej , Sáňka Milan , Čižmár David , Zbíral Jiří , Čechmánková Jarmila , Kalábová Tereza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper we address total glomalin‐related soil protein (T‐GRSP) as a possible indicator of differences in forest soils related to reactive nitrogen and forest composition. We focused especially on the relationship between T‐GRSP (g kg−1), soil organic carbon (SOC), and reactive nitrogen (Nr) availability among different categories of temperate forests and different horizons. Our study included 105 sampling sites divided into 5 categories, which vary in elevation and tree species composition (coniferous, deciduous, mixed). We detected significantly higher T‐GRSP and SOC in the F+H horizon under conifers. We assume that this observation might be attributed to suppression of decomposition of T‐GRSP and SOC by nature of coniferous litter. The lack of significant differences in T‐GRSP/SOC among the categories and the positive correlations between T‐GRSP and SOC in most of the categories confirmed the strong relationship of T‐GRSP with SOC. We found a significantly higher content of T‐GRSP in the F+H horizon for all studied forest categories. However, the contribution of T‐GRSP to SOC is significantly higher in the A horizon, which might be caused by stabilization of glomalin by mineral fraction, including clay minerals or by the belowground origin of glomalin. We found the increase of SOC with increasing Nr in the A horizon for most categories of forest. T‐GRSP follows this trend in the case of deciduous forests (decid), mixed forest (mixed), and mountain forests (mount). On the other hand, we detected a decrease of T‐GRSP with increasing Nr in the F+H horizon of coniferous forests (conif). Moreover the T‐GRSP/SOC decreases with the increase of Nr in the A horizon of conif, mixed and mount, which points to the higher sensitivity of forest with prevalence of coniferous trees. Our observations have confirmed an ecosystem‐specific relationship between T‐GRSP, SOC and Nr. We concluded that T‐GRSP in combination with T‐GRSP/SOC has the potential to reveal qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) connected with increasing Nr.