bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Low‐Income Subsidy Recipients Respond to Medicare Part D Cost Sharing
Authors: Stuart Bruce , Hendrick Franklin B. , Xu Jing , Dougherty J. Samantha 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the magnitude and mechanisms of response to Medicare Part D cost sharing by low‐income subsidy (LIS) recipients using oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and statins.Data SourcesMedicare data for a 5 percent random sample of beneficiaries with diabetes enrolled in fee‐for‐service Part D drug plans in 2008.Study DesignWe evaluated the impact of differences between generic and brand cost sharing rates among cohorts of LIS and non‐LIS recipients to determine if wider price spreads increased the generic dispensing rate (GDR) and reduced total drug use and cost.Principal FindingsWe found little association between cost sharing and aggregate OHA and statin use. In adjusted analyses, non‐LIS beneficiaries who paid 46 percent of total OHA costs had 2.5 percent fewer OHA days supply than full benefit dual eligibles who paid just 5 percent of their therapy costs. For statins, the difference in days supply between those facing the lowest and highest cost sharing was 4.6 percent. Higher cost sharing was associated with filling fewer but larger prescriptions for both generics and brands.ConclusionsHigher generic and brand copays had little association with OHA and statin use among LIS recipients. This implies that modest changes in required cost sharing for these medicines would have very little substantive impact on generic dispensing or utilization patterns among LIS recipients and thus would have little effect on total program spending. At the same time, any increases in out‐of‐pocket costs would be expected to shift costs and place greater financial burden on low‐income beneficiaries, particularly those in poor health.
Emergency weight estimation lookup tables for New Zealand children aged 5–10 years
Authors: Britnell Sally , Taylor Steve , Koziol‐McLain Jane 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo derive novel emergency weight estimation tables for New Zealand children aged 5–10 years using ethnicity and sex to increase accuracy and precision.MethodsUsing an existing dataset (collected in five New Zealand primary schools during July 2013;n = 376), body mass index and current emergency weight estimates were calculated. Stepwise regression with Akanke Information produced two best‐fit models for predicting weight, one based on age and the other on height. Potential explanatory variables included ethnicity, sex and body habitus.ResultsThe length‐based model included height, ethnicity and body habitus. Accuracy (weight estimates within 10% of actual weight) for the length‐based lookup table (74.8%) was similar to that for the Broselow–Luten tape (73.4%). The age‐based model included age, sex, ethnicity and body habitus. Accuracy (51.3%) for the age‐based lookup table was better than for existing formulae including Shann (45.7%), Advanced Paediatric Life Support (39.1%) and Theron (28.7%).ConclusionThe most accurate method for weight estimation in Auckland children aged 5–10 years is either the novel length‐based lookup table or the existing Broselow–Luten tape. When length‐based methods are not possible, the age‐based lookup tables incorporating age, sex, ethnicity and body habitus are more accurate than existing methods of weight estimation.
Inflammatory breast disease: A pictorial essay with radiological‐pathological correlation
Authors: Gunawardena Rusiru P , Gunawardena Deepika , Metcalf Cecily , Taylor Donna , Wylie Liz 
Published: June 2016

SummaryInflammatory conditions of the breast are an important group of diseases that can mimic breast carcinoma on clinical and radiological grounds. This pictorial essay presents the radiological and pathological features of some of these entities.
Acoustic radiation force impulse accuracy and the impact of hepatic steatosis on liver fibrosis staging
Authors: Harris Nicole , Nadebaum David , Christie Michael , Gorelik Alexandra , Nicoll Amanda , Sood Siddharth , Gibson Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe accuracy of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging has been validated in the setting of hepatitis C, however, the accuracy in the setting of fatty liver disease (FLD) has been less well‐established. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ARFI in the setting of hepatic steatosis.MethodsPatients with biopsy proven or sonographically diagnosed liver steatosis were assessed for ARFI trends including: inter‐operator concordance, interquartile range, ARFI failure rate, relationship between ARFI velocity and steatosis severity, and concordance between biopsy and ARFI fibrosis scores.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐nine patients were assessed (53 ‘biopsy’ cohort and 296 ‘ultrasound’ cohort), with 28 patients having biopsy on the same day as ARFI. Low stages of fibrosis (F0/1) were over‐estimated by ARFI in 62% of cases with biopsy correlation (n = 16, P < 0.001), with ARFI offering increased accuracy in regard to higher‐stage fibrosis (14/15 cases, 93%). In both the biopsy and ultrasound cohorts the failure rate and median inter‐quartile range increased with increasing steatosis, and the inter‐operator concordance remained good across all liver steatosis severities.ConclusionIn the setting of steatosis, ARFI is very sensitive in detecting, and accurate in diagnosing, higher stages of fibrosis regardless of steatosis severity. It tends to overestimate the fibrosis category in lower stages of fibrosis. The present study does not show conclusively if the presence of steatosis or its severity independently alters ARFI measurements.
The Effects of Vertical Pay Dispersion: Experimental Evidence in a Budget Setting
Authors: Guo Lan , Libby Theresa , Liu Xiaotao (Kelvin) 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVertical pay dispersion is the difference in pay across different hierarchical levels within an organization (Milkovich and Newman ). While vertical pay dispersion may be useful in attracting, retaining, and motivating highly skilled employees (Lazear and Rosen ; Lazear ; Prendergast ), our study investigates a potential disadvantage; specifically, the negative impact of perceived unfairness of vertical pay dispersion on employees' budgeting decisions. We predict and find that high vertical pay dispersion motivates subordinates to misreport costs to a greater extent than low vertical pay dispersion. Furthermore, we predict and find that superiors, on average, exercise more lenient cost controls when vertical pay dispersion is high rather than low. Supplemental analysis indicates superiors are more lenient on average because of their aversion to inequity caused by vertical pay dispersion. Our results suggest that high vertical pay dispersion can compromise the overall corporate budgeting environment, where higher levels of misreporting by subordinates goes unchecked by superiors.
Nursing Interventions and Outcomes for the Diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Integrity in Patients After Cardiac Catheterization: Survey
Authors: Pezzi Marian Valentini , Rabelo‐Silva Eneida Rejane , Paganin Angelita , de Souza Emiliane Nogueira 
Published: June 2016

PURPOSEDetermine the outcomes and interventions for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with nursing diagnosis of impaired tissue integrity.METHODSSurvey with e‐questionnaires sent for expert nurses in two rounds.FINDINGSOnly one nursing outcome was approved: tissue integrity—skin and mucosa and five related interventions, namely, pressure control, topical drug administration, care of incision site, care of injuries, and infection control.CONCLUSIONSThe expected outcomes and the most significant interventions for the implementation of nursing care during the immediate recovery of patients with impaired tissue integrity following invasive hemodynamic procedures were defined.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe study findings support selection of appropriate nursing outcomes and interventions for this patient profile.
Profitability and investment‐based factor pricing models
Authors: Elliot Brendan , Docherty Paul , Easton Stephen , Lee Doowon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEx ante predictors of stock returns must exhibit explanatory power across the feasible set of investments. But empirical results of factor pricing models that incorporate firm investment and profitability cannot explain the apparently high returns of US small stocks with very high investment levels and very low profitability. Whilst these stocks comprise only a small fraction of US data sets, this is not the case across global markets. Using a data set that is concentrated with stocks that exhibit high investment despite low profitability, we demonstrate that such factor models are limited in their explanatory power over these stocks.
What keeps you strong? A systematic review identifying how primary health‐care and aged‐care services can support the well‐being of older Indigenous peoples
Authors: Davy Carol , Kite Elaine , Aitken Graham , Dodd Garth , Rigney Janice , Hayes Jenny , Van Emden Jan 
Published: June 2016

AimThe objective of this systematic review was to identify primary health‐care or aged‐care strategies that have or could support the well‐being of older Indigenous peoples.MethodsA search was undertaken of primary databases including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Papers which reported on the perspectives of older Indigenous peoples, community members and provider participants were included. Findings were pooled using a meta‐aggregative approach.ResultsThree high‐level synthesised findings – maintaining Indigenous identity, promoting independence and delivering culturally safe care – were believed to be important for supporting the well‐being of older Indigenous peoples.ConclusionsAs physical independence often diminishes with age, having the support of culturally safe primary health‐care and aged‐care services that understand the importance of maintaining an Indigenous identity and promoting independence will be crucial for the well‐being of older Indigenous peoples.
Optimising recovery after surgery: Predictors of early discharge and hospital readmission
Authors: Carter Jonathan , Philp Shannon , Wan King M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundFast track surgery (FTS) programs minimise the stress response after surgery and allow for enhanced recovery.AimsTo document the frequency and incidence of adverse events in patients enrolled on a FTS program and to investigate factors associated with shorter length of stay and readmission to hospital.MethodsA seven‐year updated surgical audit of patients undergoing laparotomy for suspected or confirmed malignancy on a FTS program.ResultsFive hundred and fifty patients comprise the study group. Average age and body mass index (BMI) were 55 years and 28, respectively. Mean length of stay (LOS) was 3.4 days with 194 (35%) patients discharged on day 2. Six (1%) patients had confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE), three of whom were diagnosed on pre‐operative imaging. Overall, transfusion rate was 5%. Adverse events in decreasing frequency were hospital readmission (4%) and significant wound infection (3%). All other adverse events were uncommon with rates <0.5%. Factors associated with a discharge on or after day 3 include age, pathology, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, incision type, operating time, blood transfusion and cyclo‐oxygenase 2 inhibitors. Factors associated with hospital readmission include longer operating time, performance of lymph node sampling/dissection, longer LOS, development of wound infection, febrile morbidity, return to the operating room, unplanned intensive care unit admission and presence of other complications.ConclusionsPatients managed by a FTS protocol can expect enhanced outcomes when compared to historical controls.
Subjective outcome of 166 tension‐free vaginal tape procedures performed by a single surgeon: the Braemar experience
Authors: Roman Jose D. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundLong‐term outcomes of the tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure are needed to assess its efficacy.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of the subjective outcome in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) operated on consecutively by a single surgeon. Success was defined as the absence of SUI at the time of the study. The validated questionnaires Urogenital Distress Inventory‐6 (UDI‐6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7) were used to find the minimum important difference (MID) to support subjective reports of success.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐six patients were evaluated with a mean follow‐up time of 58 ± 28.6 months. Fifty‐five (33.1%) patients underwent the TVT procedure alone, and 111 (66.9%) underwent the TVT procedure with concomitant pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair.One hundred and thirty‐three (80.1%) patients reported being subjectively cured with no stress incontinence at the time of the study.A total of 138 (83.1%) patients reported an MID > 11 points when comparing the postoperative to the pre‐operative UDI‐6 scores.A total of 122 (73.5%) patients reported an MID > 16 points when comparing the postoperative to the pre‐operative IIQ‐7 scores.There was no evident decline in the yearly percentage of patients who achieved an MID > 11 or MID > 16 in the UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 scores, respectively.ConclusionsThe TVT procedure in a population in which 67% underwent a concomitant POP repair was associated with a subjective cure rate of 80% and an MID > 11 in 82.7% of patients in the UDI‐6 questionnaire and an MID > 16 in 75.1% patients in the IIQ‐7 questionnaire.
Treatment of scaphoid fractures using a memory alloy nail‐feet‐fixation device
Authors: Li Chuan , Xu Xiaoshan , Su Yongyue , Zhou Tianhua , Fan Xinyu , Xu Yongqing 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundScaphoid fracture is a common carpal fracture, and its treatment often requires fixation devices. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a memory alloy nail‐feet‐fixation (MANFF) device in treating scaphoid fractures.MethodsSixty‐six patients with closed scaphoid fractures were treated using the MANFF device between August 2011 and November 2013. Surgical outcomes were assessed using the Mayo wrist score, including pain intensity, functional status, range of motion and grip strength. Postoperative radiographic evaluation was performed every month.ResultsHerbert score of fracture stability was A in 36 patients, B in 20 and C in 10. Forty‐five patients were treated using the simple MANFF device, 10 with an auxiliary Kirschner wire and 11 underwent MANFF after autologous bone graft. Patients were followed‐up for a mean of 6.5 ± 1.2 months (range, 6–12 months). Bone union was achieved in all patients. There was no infection, non‐union, arthritic change, tendon issues or any other complications. At postoperative 6 months, 50 patients achieved excellent outcomes, nine achieved good outcomes, and seven achieved fair outcomes, with a mean score of 89.5 ± 6.3. Therefore, the rate of satisfactory outcomes (excellent and good) was 89.4%.ConclusionsTreatment of scaphoid fractures using the MANFF method has good surgical outcomes in bone union and patient satisfaction.
Limited sampling strategy for determining metformin area under the plasma concentration–time curve
Authors: Santoro Ana Beatriz , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Struchiner Claudio José , Christensen Mette Marie Hougaard , Brosen Kim , Suarez‐Kurtz Guilherme 
Published: June 2016

AimThe aim was to develop and validate limited sampling strategy (LSS) models to predict the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) for metformin.MethodsMetformin plasma concentrations (n = 627) at 0–24 h after a single 500 mg dose were used for LSS development, based on all subsets linear regression analysis. The LSS‐derived AUC(0,24 h) was compared with the parameter ‘best estimate’ obtained by non‐compartmental analysis using all plasma concentration data points. Correlation between the LSS‐derived and the best estimated AUC(0,24 h) (r2), bias and precision of the LSS estimates were quantified. The LSS models were validated in independent cohorts.ResultsA two‐point (3 h and 10 h) regression equation with no intercept estimated accurately the individual AUC(0,24 h) in the development cohort: r2 = 0.927, bias (mean, 95% CI) –0.5, −2.7–1.8% and precision 6.3, 4.9–7.7%. The accuracy of the two point LSS model was verified in study cohorts of individuals receiving single 500 or 1000 mg (r2 = –0.933–0.934) or seven 1000 mg daily doses (r2 = 0.918), as well as using data from 16 published studies covering a wide range of metformin doses, demographics, clinical and experimental conditions (r2 = 0.976). The LSS model reproduced previously reported results for effects of polymorphisms in OCT2 and MATE1 genes on AUC(0,24 h) and renal clearance of metformin.ConclusionsThe two point LSS algorithm may be used to assess the systemic exposure to metformin under diverse conditions, with reduced costs of sampling and analysis, and saving time for both subjects and investigators.
Moderating the seductive details effect in multimedia learning with note‐taking
Authors: Wang Zhe , Sundararajan Narayankripa , Adesope Olusola O. , Ardasheva Yuliya 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough the seductive details effect, a phenomenon where interesting but irrelevant pictures impede comprehension, is well documented, studies examining ways of moderating its detrimental impact on learning remain few. The present study examined the effect of note‐taking on the seductive details effect. Chinese undergraduate participants (N = 91) were randomly assigned to three conditions that differed in terms of the presence of seductive details and learning strategy (presence or absence of note‐taking for the seductive details group). Mediation analyses results showed that seductive details undermined participants' performance on recall and transfer tasks as a result of increased cognitive load. Results from variance analyses indicated that participants in the seductive details and note‐taking condition outperformed those in the comparison group and that this effect differed depending on participants' prior knowledge and outcome measures (recall or transfer). Overall, our results suggest that note‐taking is an effective cognitive strategy that can help learners overcome the seductive details effect. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.
E‐portfolio evaluation and vocabulary learning: Moving from pedagogy to andragogy
Authors: Sharifi Maryam , Soleimani Hassan , Jafarigohar Manoochehr 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCurrent trends in the field of educational technology indicate a shift in pedagogical assumptions and theoretical frameworks that favor active involvement of self‐directed learners in a constructivist environment. This study probes the influence of electronic portfolio evaluation on vocabulary learning of Iranian university students and the possible implications this influence affords. For this aim, the study recruited 66 students who were randomly assigned to the e‐portfolio group and the traditional assessment group. The experimental group kept an e‐portfolio in the intermediate level English language course while the traditional assessment group did not. The results revealed that the e‐portfolio group outperformed the traditional assessment group in terms of vocabulary learning on the posttest. The results also showed that e‐portfolio boosted students' motivation for learning new items. The perceptions of the participants in the e‐portfolio group reflected that they benefited from the integration of technology and various educational activities and enjoyed keeping an e‐portfolio. Finally, initial guidelines about how to use the instrument as part of the curriculum are discussed.
Methods and frequency of sharing of learning resources by medical students
Authors: Judd Terry , Elliott Kristine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUniversity students have ready access to quality learning resources through learning management systems (LMS), online library collections and generic search tools. However, anecdotal evidence suggests they sometimes turn to peer‐based sharing rather than sourcing resources directly. We know little about this practice—how common it is, what sort of resources are involved and what impact it is likely to have on students' learning. This paper reports on an exploratory investigation of students' resource sharing habits, involving 338 respondents from the first 3 years of a 4‐year postgraduate medical curriculum. On average, students reported sharing learning resources with other students two or more times per week. They were most likely to share non‐curriculum resources (not available through their LMS) although curriculum and physical resources (eg, printed or handwritten notes and textbooks) were also often shared. Students employed a range of sharing technologies including email (most frequent), social media tools and cloud‐based file services. A cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups of students based on the frequency with which they share, the range of technologies they employ and whether they share both online and physical resources.
Cerebral Perfusion Enhancing Interventions: A New Strategy for the Prevention of Alzheimer Dementia
Authors: de la Torre Jack C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are major risk factors in the development of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These cardio‐cerebral disorders promote a variety of vascular risk factors which in the presence of advancing age are prone to markedly reduce cerebral perfusion and create a neuronal energy crisis. Long‐term hypoperfusion of the brain evolves mainly from cardiac structural pathology and brain vascular insufficiency. Brain hypoperfusion in the elderly is strongly associated with the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and both conditions are presumed to be precursors of Alzheimer dementia. A therapeutic target to prevent or treat MCI and consequently reduce the incidence of AD aims to elevate cerebral perfusion using novel pharmacological agents. As reviewed here, the experimental pharmaca include the use of Rho kinase inhibitors, neurometabolic energy boosters, sirtuins and vascular growth factors. In addition, a compelling new technique in laser medicine called photobiomodulation is reviewed. Photobiomodulation is based on the use of low level laser therapy to stimulate mitochondrial energy production non‐invasively in nerve cells. The use of novel pharmaca and photobiomodulation may become important tools in the treatment or prevention of cognitive decline that can lead to dementia.