bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capability, social capital and opportunity-driven graduate entrepreneurship in Tanzania
Authors: Wakkee Ingrid , Hoestenberghe Karel , Mwasalwiba Ernest 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the reasons why most Tanzanian graduates do not consider entrepreneurship as an attractive career option despite dire labor market conditions, while a small number of them are able to benefit from local opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
Utilizing insights from capability and social capital perspectives, a qualitative investigation based on interviews, group discussions and document analysis was undertaken to explore how this phenomenon can be explained and remedied.

Findings
This study shows that many graduates value entrepreneurship as a potential career but many find their way to be act upon these aspirations blocked. Indeed, actual entrepreneurial capability is only available to a minority of graduates with access to powerful connections who are able to benefit from technological and financial conversion factors. Most graduates cannot benefit from these conversion factors due to the lack of the necessary social capital to break through to the legal, tax, financial and cultural systems. Hence, the authors argue that social capital itself is actually a critical conversion factor toward developing entrepreneurial capability.

Research limitations/implications
The insight formulated in this study are based on a qualitative analysis of the Tanzanian context and formulated specifically for this particular context. At the same time, the country shares many characteristics with other countries in Africa, many of which are struggling to move toward a more entrepreneurial society. Hence, the recommendations may partially be transferable beyond the specific Tanzanian situation. Theoretically, the notion that social capital should be considered as a key conversion factor enabling aspiring entrepreneurs in translating valued functionings into actualized functionings and thus toward enhancing entrepreneurial capability opens up novel avenues for empirical research into how entrepreneurship can be stimulated.

Social implications
This study searches for conversion factors from the actual “functioning” toward the real “capability” allowing to succeed as a new graduate and find that social capital itself might act as the critical conversion factor. That brings the authors to the recommendations for policy makers, educators and media, argued in such a way that the entrepreneurial capability of young graduates and their ability to tap into relevant social capital can be enhanced.

Originality/value
The combination and integration of the Sen’s capability approach with social capital perspectives offers a novel way to explain difference in responses to the Tanzanian institutions and their ability to act upon a valued functioning such as opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.
Effects of Ecologically‐Based Family Therapy with substance‐using, prostituting mothers
Authors: Murnan Aaron , Wu Qiong , Slesnick Natasha 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStudies report that high rates of prostituting women seek substance use treatment, and that most of these women have children in their care. However, compared to non‐prostituting women, they show poorer treatment outcomes. Effective intervention for this population is needed, and the current study is the first to test family therapy with mothers seeking substance use treatment, who also reported prostitution. Sixty‐eight treatment‐seeking women with children in their care were randomly assigned to receive twelve sessions of Ecologically‐Based Family Therapy or twelve sessions of individual treatment. Results showed that women who received family therapy reported greater reductions in substance use and depressive symptoms as well as greater improvements in their mother‐child interactions. Findings underscore the importance of offering family therapy as a treatment option when prostituting women with children seek substance use treatment.Practitioner points

It has proved difficult to meet the unique needs of prostituting women, and this article offers practical assistance to practitioners serving this population
Ecologically‐Based Family Therapy (EBFT) shows promise, having some superior outcomes compared to an individual therapy with prostituting mothers
Substance use treatment facilities should strongly consider including EBFT for these women and their children as an adjunct to treatment
Justice, Efficiency, and the New Public Management
Authors: Volacu Alexandru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article I aim to explore the link between two normative values, namely justice and efficiency, and the New Public Management approach. In pursuing this task I offer several critical arguments against some of the recent justice‐based objections levied against New Public Management by David Arellano‐Gault. I claim that Arellano‐Gault's account of the relation between justice and the New Public Management is seriously undermined by two conceptual flaws: (1) a conflation of right‐libertarianism, utilitarianism, and desert theories of justice and (2) a conflation of the technical/productive sense of efficiency with the social/distributive sense. Furthermore, I maintain that even when the different theories of justice and the different senses of efficiency are properly delineated, the case for necessarily linking NPM to a particular theory of justice is markedly unconvincing.
Cross‐Cultural Validation of the Patient Perception of Integrated Care Survey
Authors: Tietschert Maike V. , Angeli Federica , van Raak Arno J. A. , Ruwaard Dirk , Singer Sara J. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo test the cross‐cultural validity of the U.S. Patient Perception of Integrated Care (PPIC) Survey in a Dutch sample using a standardized procedure.Data SourcesPrimary data collected from patients of five primary care centers in the south of the Netherlands, through survey research from 2014 to 2015.Study DesignCross‐sectional data collected from patients who saw multiple health care providers during 6 months preceding data collection.Data collectionThe PPIC survey includes 59 questions that measure patient perceived care integration across providers, settings, and time. Data analysis followed a standardized procedure guiding data preparation, psychometric analysis, and included invariance testing with the U.S. dataset.Principal FindingsLatent scale structures of the Dutch and U.S. survey were highly comparable. Factor “Integration with specialist” had lower reliability scores and noninvariance. For the remaining factors, internal consistency and invariance estimates were strong.ConclusionsThe standardized cross‐cultural validation procedure produced strong support for comparable psychometric characteristics of the Dutch and U.S. surveys. Future research should examine the usability of the proposed procedure for contexts with greater cultural differences.
Correlation between microRNA expression, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis in patients with Non‐small cell Lung Cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Yi , Zhi Xiuyi 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundLung cancer prognosis is related to various factors; however, the comprehensive relationship between these factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and lung cancer prognosis has not been determined. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the key factors associated with lung cancer prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed prognosis and relevant factors in 216 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients diagnosed from January 2008 to December 2014. Paraffin‐embedded lung tissue samples were used to detect miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155. Clinical information was collected, including tumor malignancy, tumor node metastasis (TNM) classification, pathological type, site of the original tumor, and lung involvement. The association between factors and overall survival was analyzed. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAge at surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.003–1.040), TNM stages II (HR 3.858, 95% CI 2.449–6.078) and III (HR 3.099, 95% CI 1.911–5.023), and miRNA‐21 (HR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001–1.003) and miRNA‐155 expression (HR 1.131, 95% CI 1.064–1.202) were independent prognostic factors in NSCLC patients. MiRNA‐21 expression with TNM stages II (HR 1.282, 95% CI 1.197–1.372) and III (HR 1.247, 95% CI 1.149–1.354) interacted to affect prognosis in NSCLC patients.ConclusionsOlder age, higher clinical TNM stage, and increased miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155 expression in NSCLC tissue were independently associated with poor survival in NSCLC patients. MiRNA‐21 expression and clinical TNM stage interacted to affect prognosis.
Mutualism influences species distribution predictions for a bromeliad‐breeding anuran under climate change
Authors: Vasconcelos Tiago Silveira , Antonelli Caio Pastana , Napoli Marcelo Felgueiras 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEcological niche models, or species distribution models, have been widely used to identify potentially suitable areas for species in future climate change scenarios. However, there are inherent errors to these models due to their inability to evaluate species occurrence influenced by non‐climatic factors. With the intuit to improve the modelling predictions for a bromeliad‐breeding treefrog (Phyllodytes melanomystax, Hylidae), we investigate how the climatic suitability of bromeliads influences the distribution model for the treefrog in the context of baseline and 2050 climate change scenarios. We used point occurrence data on the frog and the bromeliad (Vriesea procera, Bromeliaceae) to generate their predicted distributions based on baseline and 2050 climates. Using a consensus of five algorithms, we compared the accuracy of the models and the geographic predictions for the frog generated from two modelling procedures: (i) a climate‐only model for P. melanomystax and V. procera; and (ii) a climate‐biotic model for P. melanomystax, in which the climatic suitability of the bromeliad was jointly considered with the climatic variables. Both modelling approaches generated strong and similar predictive power for P. melanomystax, yet climate‐biotic modelling generated more concise predictions, particularly for the year 2050. Specifically, because the predicted area of the bromeliad overlaps with the predictions for the treefrog in the baseline climate, both modelling approaches produce reasonable similar predicted areas for the anuran. Alternatively, due to the predicted loss of northern climatically suitable areas for the bromeliad by 2050, only the climate‐biotic models provide evidence that northern populations of P. melanomystax will likely be negatively affected by 2050.
Earliest Holocene deglaciation of the central Uummannaq Fjord system, West Greenland
Authors: Philipps William , Briner Jason P. , Bennike Ole , Schweinsberg Avriel , Beel Casey , Lifton Nathaniel 
Published: July 2017

Uummannaq Fjord, West Greenland, held the Uummannaq Ice Stream system that drained an estimated ~6% of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Published ages for the final deglaciation in Uummannaq Fjord vary from as early asc. 9.8 ka to as late asc. 5.3 ka. Assessing this variability requires additional chronological controls to improve the deglaciation history of central West Greenland. Here, we combine14C dating of lake sediment cores with cosmogenic10Be exposure dating at sites adjacent to the present GrISmargin in the central‐inland sector of the Uummannaq Fjord system. We find that ice retreated to or within the present GrISmargin at 10.8±0.2 ka (n = 6). Although this ‘final deglaciation’ to or within the present GrISmargin across the Uummannaq Fjord system varies fromc. 10.8 to 5.3 ka, all chronologies indicate collapse from the continental shelf to the inner fjords atc. 11.0 ka, which occurred at a net retreat rate of 300–1100 m a−1. The Uummannaq Fjord system deglaciatedc. 1000 years earlier than the major fjord system to the south, Disko Bugt. However, similarly rapid retreat rates of the two palaeo‐ice stream systems suggest that their collapse may have been aided by high calving rates. The asynchronous deglaciation of the GrISthroughout the Uummannaq Fjord system probably relates to the influence of varying fjord geometry on marine glacier behaviour.
α9‐ and α7‐containing receptors mediate the pro‐proliferative effects of nicotine in the A549 adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Mucchietto Vanessa , Fasoli Francesca , Pucci Susanna , Moretti Milena , Benfante Roberta , Maroli Annalisa , Di Lascio Simona , Bolchi Cristiano , Pallavicini Marco , Dowell Cheryl , McIntosh Michael , Clementi Francesco , Gotti Cecilia 
Published: July 2017

Background and PurposeTobacco smoke contains many classes of carcinogens and although nicotine is unable to initiate tumourigenesis in humans and rodents, it promotes tumour growth and metastasis in lung tumours by acting on neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). The aim of this study was to identify molecularly, biochemically and pharmacologically which nAChR subtypes are expressed and functionally activated by nicotine in lung cancer cell lines.Experimental ApproachWe used A549 and H1975 adenocarcinoma cell lines derived from lung tumours to test the in vitro effects of nicotine, and nAChR subtype‐specific peptides and compounds.Key ResultsThe two adenocarcinoma cell lines express distinctive nAChR subtypes, and this affects their nicotine‐induced proliferation. In A549 cells, nAChRs containing the α7 or α9 subunits not only regulate nicotine‐induced cell proliferation but also the activation of the Akt and ERK pathways. Blocking these nAChRs by means of subtype‐specific peptides, or silencing their expression by means of subunit‐specific siRNAs, abolishes nicotine‐induced proliferation and signalling. Moreover, we found that the α7 antagonist MG624 also acts on α9–α10 nAChRs, blocks the effects of nicotine on A549 cells and has dose‐dependent cytotoxic activity.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results highlight the pathophysiological role of α7‐ and α9‐containing receptors in promoting non‐small cell lung carcinoma cell growth and intracellular signalling and provide a framework for the development of new drugs that specifically target the receptors expressed in lung tumours.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc
Central amygdala relaxin‐3/relaxin family peptide receptor 3 signalling modulates alcohol seeking in rats
Authors: Walker Leigh C , Kastman Hanna E , Krstew Elena V , Gundlach Andrew L , Lawrence Andrew J 
Published: July 2017

Background and PurposeAlcohol use disorders are a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and stress is a major trigger of relapse. The neuropeptide relaxin‐3 and its cognate receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3), modulate stress‐induced relapse to alcohol seeking in rats, and while the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis has been implicated in this regard, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) also receives a relaxin‐3 innervation and CeA neurons densely express RXFP3 mRNA. Moreover, the CeA is consistently implicated in both stress and addictive disorders. Yohimbine precipitates relapse‐like behaviour in rodents, although exactly how yohimbine induces relapse is unknown, possibly by increasing stress levels and inducing heightened cue reactivity.Experimental ApproachIn the current study, we examined the effects of yohimbine (1 mg·kg−1, i.p.) on anxiety‐like behaviour in alcohol‐experienced rats. Furthermore, we assessed CeA neuronal activation following yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking and the role of the relaxin‐3/RXFP3 signalling within the CeA in yohimbine‐induced reinstatement to alcohol seeking.Key ResultsLow‐dose yohimbine was anxiogenic in rats with a history of alcohol use. Furthermore, yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking increased Fos activation in CeA corticotrophin‐releasing factor, dynorphin and GABA neurons compared with naïve and vehicle controls. Bilateral intra‐CeA injections of the selective RXFP3 antagonist, R3(B1‐22)R, attenuated yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking.ConclusionsCollectively, these data suggest that the CeA is a node where yohimbine acts to induce reinstatement of alcohol seeking and implicate the relaxin‐3/RXFP3 system within the CeA in this process.
P2X receptor channels in chronic pain pathways
Authors: Bernier Louis‐Philippe , Ase Ariel R , Séguéla Philippe 
Published: July 2017

Chronic pain is a highly prevalent debilitating condition for which treatment options remain limited for many patients. Ionotropic ATP signalling through excitatory and calcium‐permeable P2X receptor channels is now rightfully considered as a critical player in pathological pain generation and maintenance; therefore, their selective targeting represents a therapeutic opportunity with promising yet untapped potential. Recent advances in the structural, functional and pharmacological characterization of rodent and human ATP‐gated P2X receptor channels have shed brighter light on the role of specific subtypes in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory, neuropathic or cancer pain. Here, we will review the contribution of P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 receptors to chronic pain and discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with the pharmacological manipulation of their function.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Dental erosion among South Brazilian adolescents: A 2.5‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Brusius C.D. , Alves L.S. , Susin C. , Maltz M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis population‐based longitudinal study investigated the incidence, progression and risk factors for dental erosion among South Brazilian adolescents.MethodsEight hundred and one schoolchildren attending 42 public and private schools were clinically examined at 12 years of age; clinical examinations were repeated after 2.5 years (SD=0.3). After tooth cleaning and drying, permanent incisors and first molars were classified using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) scoring criteria. Questionnaires were used to collect data on socio‐demographic characteristics, dietary habits, toothbrushing frequency and general health. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the association between dental erosion incidence and explanatory variables, with adjusted incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% CI estimated.ResultsAmong those who did not have dental erosion at baseline, 49 of 680 schoolchildren (7.1%; 95% CI=5.2‐9.1) developed erosive lesions over the follow‐up period. Among schoolchildren who had dental erosion at baseline, 31 of 121 (25.4%; 95% CI=17.6‐33.3) had new or more severe lesions. Boys were more likely to develop dental erosion than girls (IRR=1.88; 95% CI=1.06‐3.32).ConclusionsA moderate incidence of dental erosion was observed among South Brazilian adolescents, with boys being at higher risk. The high progression rate of 25% observed here is very concerning, and it should be taken in consideration when designing preventive strategies for dental erosion.
Month of birth is associated with the subsequent diagnosis of autoimmune hypothyroidism. A nationwide Danish register‐based study
Authors: Thvilum Marianne , Brandt Frans , Brix Thomas Heiberg , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe triggering of thyroid autoimmunity in the genetically susceptible remains a conundrum. Environmental exposures during gestation and/or early postnatally have proponents, as suggested in diabetes mellitus, with a higher incidence of births during spring and summer. Whether the development of autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIT) is influenced by month or season of birth is less clear.MethodNationwide cohort study of 111 565 individuals diagnosed with AIT and four euthyroid controls per case, matched according to age and sex, were identified from Danish health registers. Differences in month of birth across the year were evaluated by the Walter‐Elwood test. The risk of patients with AIT being born in a certain month or season of the year was calculated using a Cox regression model.ResultsThere was a significant difference in birth month between cases and controls, P<.001. Individuals with AIT had a significantly increased risk of being born in June (Hazard ratio 1.04; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.02‐1.08) and in the summer (June‐August; HR 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01‐1.04).ConclusionIn this large‐scale nationwide cohort study, we found a higher risk of AIT when born in the summer season or more specifically in June, supporting the hypothesis that seasonal variations in exposures—gestationally and/or early postnatally—may contribute to the development of AIT.
Comparison of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy results before and after implementation of Bethesda classification
Authors: Ozdemir D. , Bestepe N. , Faki S. , Kilicarslan A. , Parlak O. , Ersoy R. , Cakir B. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe Bethesda classification was introduced in 2008 to provide standardisation in the evaluation of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We compared the diagnostic value of pre‐Bethesda and Bethesda classification systems in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.MethodsMedical records of patients who underwent a thyroidectomy between June 2007 and June 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Nodules evaluated with FNAC before March 2010 were classified as pre‐Bethesda (non‐diagnostic, benign, indeterminate, suspicious for malignancy and malignant), and those evaluated after March 2010 were considered Bethesda (non‐diagnostic, benign, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, follicular neoplasia/suspicious for follicular neoplasia, suspicious for malignancy and malignant). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the two classification systems were calculated.ResultsThere were 1810 nodules in the pre‐Bethesda and 5115 nodules in the Bethesda group. The non‐diagnostic rate was significantly higher, and benign and suspicious for malignancy rates were lower in Bethesda compared with the pre‐Bethesda group (P<.001 for each). When benign cytology was considered negative, and indeterminate, follicular neoplasia/suspicious for follicular neoplasia, suspicious for malignancy and malignant cytologies were considered positive, results for pre‐Bethesda and Bethesda were as follows: sensitivity, 78.9% and 78.5%; specificity, 86.6% and 97.0%; PPV, 42.8% and 72.6%; NPV, 97% and 97.8%; and accuracy, 85.7% and 95.3%, respectively.ConclusionsAmong operated nodules, percentages of benign and suspicious for malignancy cytologies decreased, and percentages of non‐diagnostic and uncertain cytologies increased with the implementation of Bethesda. The diagnostic value of FNAC seems to have increased with the use of Bethesda classification.