bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared spectra of complex organic molecules in astronomically relevant ice matrices
Authors: Terwisscha van Scheltinga J. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Boogert A. C. A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Linnartz H. 
Published: December 2017

Context. The number of identified complex organic molecules (COMs) in inter- and circumstellar gas-phase environments is steadily increasing. Recent laboratory studies show that many such species form on icy dust grains. At present only smaller molecular species have been directly identified in space in the solid state. Accurate spectroscopic laboratory data of frozen COMs, embedded in ice matrices containing ingredients related to their formation scheme, are still largely lacking.Aim. This work provides infrared reference spectra of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) recorded in a variety of ice environments and for astronomically relevant temperatures, as needed to guide or interpret astronomical observations, specifically for upcoming James Webb Space Telescope observations.Methods. Fourier transform transmission spectroscopy (500–4000 cm−1/20–2.5 μm, 1.0 cm−1 resolution) was used to investigate solid acetaldehyde, ethanol and dimethyl ether, pure or mixed with water, CO, methanol, or CO:methanol. These species were deposited on a cryogenically cooled infrared transmissive window at 15 K. A heating ramp was applied, during which IR spectra were recorded until all ice constituents were thermally desorbed.Results. We present a large number of reference spectra that can be compared with astronomical data. Accurate band positions and band widths are provided for the studied ice mixtures and temperatures. Special efforts have been put into those bands of each molecule that are best suited for identification. For acetaldehyde the 7.427 and 5.803 μm bands are recommended, for ethanol the 11.36 and 7.240 μm bands are good candidates, and for dimethyl ether bands at 9.141 and 8.011 μm can be used. All spectra are publicly available in the Leiden Database for Ice.
Advances in Imaging Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Caverzasi Eduardo , Cordano Christian , Hauser Stephen , Henry Roland , Bischof Antje 
Published: December 2017

Neuroimaging has emerged as a powerful technology that has enabled visualization of the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the central nervous system in vivo with unprecedented precision. It has played a crucial role in disentangling the chronology of inflammation and neurodegeneration, developing and understanding mechanisms of novel therapeutics, and diagnosing and monitoring the disease in the clinical setting. However, challenges pertaining to the limited resolution, lack of specificity, inherent technological biases, and processing of increasingly big datasets have hindered comprehensive insights into the pathology underlying disability.Here, we review the advances in neuroimaging for MS that have moved the field forward in recent years by addressing the above-mentioned issues, thereby enhancing our knowledge of this yet enigmatic disease. We discuss complementary imaging technologies, including magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and optical coherence tomography, the most recent tool in the MS imaging armamentarium that holds promise to act as a surrogate of pathological changes in the central nervous system in a more easily accessible way.
Functional Networks in Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Chatelle Camille , Edlow Brian , Bodien Yelena 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSevere brain injury may cause disruption of neural networks that sustain arousal and awareness, the two essential components of consciousness. Despite the potentially devastating immediate and long-term consequences, disorders of consciousness (DoC) are poorly understood in terms of their underlying neurobiology, the relationship between pathophysiology and recovery, and the predictors of treatment efficacy. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have enabled the study of network connectivity, providing great potential to improve the clinical care of patients with DoC. Initial discoveries in this field were made using positron emission tomography (PET). More recently, functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) techniques have added to our understanding of functional network dynamics in this population. Both methods have shown that whether at rest or performing a goal-oriented task, functional networks essential for processing intrinsic thoughts and extrinsic stimuli are disrupted in patients with DoC compared with healthy subjects. Atypical connectivity has been well established in the default mode network as well as in other cortical and subcortical networks that may be required for consciousness. Moreover, the degree of altered connectivity may be related to the severity of impaired consciousness, and recovery of consciousness has been shown to be associated with restoration of connectivity. In this review, we discuss PET and fMRI studies of functional and effective connectivity in patients with DoC and suggest how this field can move toward clinical application of functional network mapping in the future.
Clinical Experience with the Implementation of Accurate Measurement of Blood Loss during Cesarean Delivery: Influences on Hemorrhage Recognition and Allogeneic Transfusion
Authors: Zamudio Stacy , Al-Khan Abdulla , Douglas Claudia , Sledge Sharon , Tully Griffeth , Thurer Robert , Rubenstein Andrew 
Published: December 2017

Objective This article compares hemorrhage recognition and transfusion using accurate, contemporaneous blood loss measurement versus visual estimation during cesarean deliveries.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study using visually estimated blood loss (traditional, n = 2,025) versus estimates using a mobile application that photographs sponges and canisters and calculates their hemoglobin content (device, n = 756).
Results Blood loss > 1,000 mL was recognized in 1.9% of traditional visual estimation patients, while measured blood loss of > 1,000 mL occurred in 8.2% of device patients (p < 0.0001). In both groups, this was accompanied by a greater decrease in transfusion-adjusted hemoglobin levels than occurred in patients without hemorrhage (p < 0.0001). Despite similar transfusion rates (1.6% in both groups), fewer red cell units were given to transfused patients in the device group (1.83 ± 0.58 versus 2.56 ± 1.68 units; p = 0.038). None of the patients in the device group received plasma or cryoprecipitate. Seven patients in the traditional group received these products (p = 0.088). Device use was associated with shorter hospital stays (4.0 ± 2.3 versus 4.4 ± 2.9 days; p = 0.0006).
Conclusion The device identified hemorrhages more frequently than visual estimation. Device-detected hemorrhages appeared clinically relevant. Blood product transfusion was reduced possibly due to earlier recognition and treatment, although further studies are needed to verify the conclusion.
Management des Lymphödems
Authors: Baumeister Rüdiger 
Published: December 2017

Was ist neu?
Aktueller Stand Gerade ist die S2k-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie der Lymphödeme“ bei der AWMF akkreditiert worden (AWMF Reg.-Nr. 058 – 001). Auf diese Leitlinie wird in dem Artikel besonders Bezug genommen und Angaben daraus verwendet 1.
Diagnostik des Lymphödems Mögliche Störungen des Lymphtransportes sollen frühzeitig beachtet und zunächst basisdiagnostisch durch lymphbezogene Anamnese, Inspektion und Palpation erkannt werden. Insbesondere durch die Lymphszintigrafie lässt sich – falls nötig – eine genauere Quantifizierung des Lymphabstroms bestimmen.
Konservative Therapie Alle Elemente der komplexen physikalischen Entstauungstherapie (KPE) sollten als Basis der Behandlung eines Lymphödems zum Einsatz kommen. Dies sind: Hautpflege, manuelle Lymphdrainage, Kompressionstherapie und/oder lymphologische Kompressionsstrumpfversorgung, entstauungsfördernde Sport-/Bewegungstherapie sowie eine Aufklärung und Schulung zur individuellen Selbsttherapie.
Chirurgische Therapie Operative Maßnahmen, vor allem solche, die eine Verbesserung des Lymphabtransportes bewirken, sind bei Leidensdruck der Patienten und einer Zunahme sekundäre Gewebeveränderungen indiziert.
Substanzabhängigkeit im Alter
Authors: Pantel Johannes 
Published: December 2017

Was ist neu?
Substanzabhängigkeit steigt im Alter überproportional an Der missbräuchliche oder abhängige Konsum von Substanzen durch ältere Menschen wird in Zukunft nicht nur in absoluten Zahlen, sondern vermutlich auch überproportional ansteigen. Dies erfordert eine bessere einschlägige Qualifikation der beteiligten Berufsgruppen (Ärzte, Pflegekräfte usw.), aber auch einen Ausbau der heute bereits unzureichenden Versorgungsstrukturen.
Alkoholmissbrauch und -abhängigkeit Ältere Menschen unterliegen einer Vielzahl psychosozialer Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer manifesten Alkoholabhängigkeit bei gleichzeitig erhöhter Vulnerabilität für alkoholassoziierte Folgeschäden. Die Behandlungsprognose ist jedoch bei gegebener Therapiemotivation gut und teilweise besser als bei jüngeren Patienten. Dies gilt vor allem, wenn sich die Abhängigkeit erst im höheren Lebensalter entwickelt hat („Late-Onset“-Alkoholismus).
Benzodiazepine und andere Hypnotika Gerade unter hochbetagten Menschen und Heimbewohnern wird eine Dauerbehandlung mit Benzodiazepinen und Benzodiazepin-Analoga („Z-Drugs“) immer noch erschreckend häufig durchgeführt und dabei das hohe Risiko einer Abhängigkeitsentwicklung in Kauf genommen. Neuere Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass dadurch auch die Entwicklung einer Demenz begünstigt werden kann. Eine Langzeitbehandlung sollte daher zugunsten präventiver Ansätze vermieden werden.
Opiate Zuverlässige Zahlen über die Häufigkeit von Abhängigkeitsentwicklungen bei älteren, nicht onkologischen Patienten, die unter einer Dauerbehandlung mit Opioidanalgetika stehen, liegen für Deutschland bislang nicht vor. Angesichts neuerer Erkenntnisse sollte das Risiko einer komplexen persistierenden Abhängigkeit gleichwohl nicht vernachlässigt und die Indikation sehr sorgfältig gestellt werden.
Aus der Geschichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM)
Authors: Forsbach Ralf , Hofer Hans-Georg 
Published: December 2017

Abstract51 years after its founding in 1882, the "Congress for Internal Medicine", 1920 renamed "German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM)", fell into heavy water. While during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic the medical care for the individual patient had never been seriously questioned, the proclaimed “Third Reich” brought fundamental changes. The 1164 male and 13 female physicians, who had been organized in the DGIM 1933, had to position themselves in the Nazi dictatorship. The same applied for the society as a whole.The behavior of the German Society of Internal Medicine during the Nazi period is disenchanting. The society completely subordinated to the Nazi regime. The scientific program of the meetings was oriented to the ideological interests of the regime. Solidarity with nazi-persecuted people is only apparent in rare cases. On the contrary, even DGIM chairmen were involved in expulsions and NS-medical crimes. Cautious criticism was limited to a few areas, such as the “Neue Deutsche Heilkunde” (“New German Healing”) and the study conditions at the universities. Only individual DGIM members developed oppositional behavior on the basis of personal conviction.In accordance with the more recent research on the Nazi era, these results both clarify and broaden the picture of scientific organizations in general and medical societies in particular.
Constituents of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile with Novel Kinase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Ahmadu Augustine , Agunu Abdulkarim , Nguyen Thi-Ngoc-Dung , Baratte Blandine , Foll-Josselin Béatrice , Ruchaud Sandrine , Serive Benoît , Bach Stéphane 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile belongs to the genus Acacia, which includes about 1400 species in subtropical and tropical Africa including Nigeria, Senegal, Egypt, and Mozambique as well as Asia from India to Burma. This plant is traditionally used to treat several pathologies such as mouth, ear, and bone cancer. Moreover, it possesses many other biological activities (antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal). We report here the extraction, purification, and identification of two known compounds [ethylgallate and (+)-catechin] from the bark of the tree that were further tested for their inhibitory activities against a panel of disease-related protein kinases. Both compounds were active, and (+)-catechin showed the best activity by inhibiting nine out of fourteen protein kinases with an IC50 value in the µg/mL range. This compound gave the highest activity against CLK1 with an IC50 of 2.1 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract and its components, such as catechins and other polyphenols, which also had protein kinase inhibitory activity, can be exploited in the research for anticancer agents.
Encoding model of temporal processing in human visual cortex
Authors: Stigliani Anthony , Jeska Brianna , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: December 2017

Significance
How is temporal information processed in human visual cortex? To address this question, we used fMRI and a two temporal channel-encoding model. This approach not only explains cortical responses for time-varying stimuli ranging from milliseconds to seconds but finds differential temporal processing across human visual cortex. While motion-sensitive regions are dominated by transient responses, ventral regions that process the content of the visual input surprisingly show both sustained and transient responses, with the latter exceeding the former. This transient processing may foster rapid extraction of the gist of the scene. Importantly, our encoding approach marks a transformative advancement in the temporal resolution of fMRI, as it enables linking fMRI responses to the timescale of neural computations in cortex.
Effect of removing Kupffer cells on nanoparticle tumor delivery
Authors: Tavares Anthony J. , Poon Wilson , Zhang Yi-Nan , Dai Qin , Besla Rickvinder , Ding Ding , Ouyang Ben , Li Angela , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang , Robbins Clinton , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceNanomaterials are developed for treating and diagnosing cancer, but only 0.7% (median) are delivered to a solid tumor. To address this delivery problem, we are examining each biological barrier to determine its impact on tumor delivery. Because the liver sequesters up to 70% of nanomaterials, in this study, we asked, if liver Kupffer cells were removed, what is the impact on tumor delivery? While we demonstrate that the tumor delivery increased up to 150 times, we achieved 2% for nanomaterials of different size, material, and tumor type. This suggests the need to focus on tumor pathophysiology to increase delivery efficiency, since this approach led to a greater availability of nanoparticles in the blood, but 98% did not accumulate in solid tumors.
Crystal structure of human IRAK1
Authors: Wang Li , Qiao Qi , Ferrao Ryan , Shen Chen , Hatcher John M. , Buhrlage Sara J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Wu Hao 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Innate immune signaling has an essential role in inflammation, and dysfunction of signaling components in these pathways contributes to autoimmunity and cancer. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family members are key mediators of signal transduction by Toll-like receptors and Interleukin-1 receptors in innate immunity and therefore serve as potential therapeutic targets for these diseases. The crystal structure of the IRAK1 kinase domain in complex with a small molecule inhibitor reveals important structural details of the kinase that provide insights into the design of selective IRAK inhibitors. Characterization of IRAK1 heterodimerization with the upstream kinase IRAK4 suggests a mechanism of IRAK1 activation by IRAK4.
Drug knowledge bases and their applications in biomedical informatics research
Authors: Zhu Yongjun , Elemento Olivier , Pathak Jyotishman , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical research have generated a large volume of drug-related data. To effectively handle this flood of data, many initiatives have been taken to help researchers make good use of them. As the results of these initiatives, many drug knowledge bases have been constructed. They range from simple ones with specific focuses to comprehensive ones that contain information on almost every aspect of a drug. These curated drug knowledge bases have made significant contributions to the development of efficient and effective health information technologies for better health-care service delivery. Understanding and comparing existing drug knowledge bases and how they are applied in various biomedical studies will help us recognize the state of the art and design better knowledge bases in the future. In addition, researchers can get insights on novel applications of the drug knowledge bases through a review of successful use cases. In this study, we provide a review of existing popular drug knowledge bases and their applications in drug-related studies. We discuss challenges in constructing and using drug knowledge bases as well as future research directions toward a better ecosystem of drug knowledge bases.
Outcome Measures Used in Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oliveira Ana L , Marques Alda S 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Conflicting results about the effects of community-based pulmonary rehabilitation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) exist, possibly because the variety of outcome measures used and the lack of appropriate measurement properties hinder the development of pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify and review the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinical outcome measures of AECOPD that are used in pulmonary rehabilitation and that can be easily applied in a community setting.

Data Sources
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched up to July 1, 2016.

Study Selection
Phase 1 identified outcome measures used in pulmonary rehabilitation for AECOPD. Phase 2 reviewed the measurement properties of the identified outcome measures.

Data Extraction
One reviewer extracted the data and 2 reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the studies and the measurement properties of the outcome measures by using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations.

Data Synthesis
Twenty-three PROMs and 18 clinical outcome measures were found. The outcome measures most used were the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (n = 15/37 studies) and the 6-minute walk test (n = 21/37 studies). Thirty-two studies described the measurement properties of 22 PROMs and 7 clinical outcome measures. The methodological quality of the studies was mostly poor, and the measurement properties were mostly indeterminate. The outcome measure exhibiting more robust properties was the COPD Assessment Test.

Limitations
A number of studies were not found with the validated search strategy used and were included a posteriori; the fact that 3 studies presented combined results— for patients who were stable and patients with exacerbation—affected the conclusions that can be drawn.

Conclusions
A large variety of outcome measures have been used; however, studies on their measurement properties are needed to enhance the understanding of community pulmonary rehabilitation for AECOPD.
Feasibility and Accuracy of Thoracolumbar Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Placement With Augmented Reality Navigation Technology
Authors: Elmi-Terander Adrian , Nachabe Rami , Skulason Halldor , Pedersen Kyrre , Söderman Michael , Racadio John , Babic Drazenko , Gerdhem Paul , Edström Erik 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
Cadaveric laboratory study.

Objective.
To assess the feasibility and accuracy of minimally invasive thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement using augmented reality (AR) surgical navigation.

Summary of Background Data.
Minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery has increasingly become the method of choice for a wide variety of spine pathologies. Navigation technology based on AR has been shown to be feasible, accurate, and safe in open procedures. AR technology may also be used for MIS surgery.

Methods.
The AR surgical navigation was installed in a hybrid operating room (OR). The hybrid OR includes a surgical table, a motorized flat detector C-arm with intraoperative 2D/3D imaging capabilities, integrated optical cameras for AR navigation, and patient motion tracking using optical markers on the skin. Navigation and screw placement was without any x-ray guidance. Two neurosurgeons placed 66 Jamshidi needles (two cadavers) and 18 cannulated pedicle screws (one cadaver) in the thoracolumbar spine. Technical accuracy was evaluated by measuring the distance between the tip of the actual needle position and the corresponding planned path as well as the angles between the needle and the desired path. Time needed for navigation along the virtual planned path was measured. An independent reviewer assessed the postoperative scans for the pedicle screws’ clinical accuracy.

Results.
Navigation time per insertion was 90 ± 53 seconds with an accuracy of 2.2 ± 1.3 mm. Accuracy was not dependent on operator. There was no correlation between navigation time and accuracy. The mean error angle between the Jamshidi needles and planned paths was 0.9° ± 0.8°. No screw was misplaced outside the pedicle. Two screws breached 2 to 4 mm yielding an overall accuracy of 89% (16/18).

Conclusion.
MIS screw placement directed by AR with intraoperative 3D imaging in a hybrid OR is accurate and efficient, without any fluoroscopy or x-ray imaging during the procedure.

Level of Evidence: N/A