bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bevacizumab-Augmented Retinal Laser Photocoagulation in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Double-Masked Clinical Trial
Authors: Mirshahi A. , Roohipoor R. , Lashay A. , Mohammadi S.-F. , Abdoallahi A. , Faghihi H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the additional therapeutic effect of single intravitreal bevacizumab injection on standard laser treatment in the management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods A prospective, fellow-eye sham controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 eyes of 40 high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy type II diabetics. All cases received standard laser treatment according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol. Avastin-assigned eyes received 1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab (Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA) on the first session of their laser treatments. Fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline and at weeks 6 and 16, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy regression was evaluated in a masked fashion. Results The median age was 52 years (range: 39–68) and 30% of the participants were male. All patients were followed for 16 weeks. A total of 87.5% of Avastin-injected eyes and 25% of sham group showed complete regression at week 6 of follow-up (pp<0.005). However, at week 16, PDR recurred in a sizable number of the Avastin-treated eyes, and the complete regression rate in the two groups became identical (25%; p=1.000); partial regression rates were 70% vs 65%. In the subgroup of Avastin-treated eyes, multivariate analysis identified hemoglobin A1c as the strongest predictor of proliferative diabetic retinopathy recurrence (p=0.033). Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab remarkably augmented the short-term response to scatter panretinal laser photocoagulation in high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy but the effect was short-lived, as many of the eyes showed rapid recurrence. Alternative dosing (multiple and/or periodic intravitreal Avastin injections) is recommended for further evaluation.
Short-Term Effect of Topical Brinzolamide on Human Central Corneal Thickness
Authors: Örnek K. , Güllü R. , Oğurel T. , Ergın A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the effect of short-term brinzolamide application on human central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods Seventeen eyes of 16 patients who underwent neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were included in the study group. Twenty-two subjects served as controls. Brinzolamide twice daily and fluorometholone four times daily were initiated after the procedure. Corneal thickness was evaluated with an ultrasound pachymetry from the central region. CCT measurements were performed before the procedure, at first day, and at the end of first week. Results The mean baseline CCT value was 535.1±37.8 μm. In comparison to the control group (546.4±22.2 μm), there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.248). After brinzolamide instillation, the mean CCT values at first day and at first week was measured as 545.1±40.1 μm and 538.8±39.4 μm, respectively. The difference at first day was statistically significant when compared to the baseline values (p=0.00017). When compared to the control group, no statistically significant difference was observed for the mean CCT values of the first day and first week (p=0.906 and p=0.484, respectively). In the fellow eyes, mean CCT values increased following the dorzolamide instillation (529.3±42.6 μm, 534±41.7 μm, and 533±41.9 μm, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between the control group and fellow eye group when compared (p=0.162, p=0.247, p=0.270, respectively). Conclusions Brinzolamide may cause a short-term increase in the human CCT, particularly on the first day.
Mooren's Ulcer following Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Acharya N.R. , Srinivasan M. , Kundu A. , Lietman T.M. , Whitcher J.P. , Cunningham E.T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Prior cataract surgery is a recognized risk factor for the development of Mooren's ulcer, but the demographic and clinical features of a large cohort of such patients have not been described. Methods The authors performed a retrospective review of demographic and clinical data from 14 eyes in 13 patients who developed Mooren's ulcer following extracapsular cataract extraction at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, South India. Results Eight (62%) of the 13 patients were men and 5 (39%) were women. The median age in our population was 65 years, with a range of 45 to 85 years. The median number of months from surgery to the onset of Mooren's ulcer was 19, with a range of 4 to 156 months. Of the 14 eyes with prior cataract surgery, the location of the ulcer was at or contiguous with the wound in 10 eyes (71%), which was 2.5 times more likely than other circumlimbal locations, and only one patient (8%) had bilateral disease. Conclusions Mooren's ulcer may occur following extracapsular cataract extraction and when it does it is most likely to be unilateral and contiguous with the wound. These findings support the notion that exposure of normally concealed corneal antigens may contribute to the pathogenesis of Mooren's ulcer in some patients.
Influence of Learning Effect on Blue-On-Yellow Perimetry
Authors: Zhong Y. , Chen L. , Cheng Y. , Huang P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Some studies have found that a significant blue-on-yellow perimetry (B/YP) learning effect exists in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma who were experienced in standard automated perimetry However, very little is known about the B/YP learning effect in normal subjects and patients without previous white-on-white perimetry (W/WP) experience. Meanwhile, it is unclear whether the B/YP learning effect is influenced by age and refraction. Methods Twenty healthy subjects, 26 OHT and 14 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, underwent three full-threshold B/YP tests at intervals of 7 to 21 days. Of the 60 subjects, 38 had no previous W/WP experiences, 22 had previous W/WP experiences for at least two times. The parameters investigated to detect a learning effect were the perimetric indices and the test duration (TD). Results Learning effects were demonstrated for mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), short-term fluctuation (SF), and TD. Significant differences were found between the MD, PSD, SF, and TD of the first test and those of the second and third tests (p<0.05). However, no difference was found between those parameters of the second and third tests. No statistically significant differences were noted in terms of MD1st-2nd, MD1st-3rd, PSD1st-nd, PSD1st-3rd, TD1st-2nd, and TD1st-3rd between the group with W/WP experience and the group without previous W/WP experience (p>0.05). No statistically significant differences were noted in terms of those parameters among the normal subjects and the patients with OHT or POAG (p>0.05). No significant difference was found in the B/YP learning effect among various age groups (p>0.05) and among various refraction groups (p>0.05). Conclusions A significant learning effect was observed between the first and the second or third tests and the perimetric indices appeared improved at full-threshold B/YP. The previous W/WP experience and the subject age and refraction did not influence the B/YP learning effect. This above all should be taken into account when considering the clinical use of this test to avoid erroneous diagnostic conclusions.
Posterior Capsule Rupture following Closed Globe Injury: Scheimpflug Imaging, Pathogenesis, and Management
Authors: Grewal D.S. , Jain R. , Brar G.S. , Grewal S.P.S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the Scheimpflug and clinical findings in a case of pediatric posterior capsule rupture due to blunt ocular trauma. Methods Interventional case report. Analysis of Scheimpflug findings and review of literature. Results An 11-year-old boy presented 2 days after blunt trauma to the left eye with a slingshot. On examination his best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left. Slitlamp examination (left eye) revealed a Vossius ring, traumatic cataract, and traumatic posterior capsular rupture (TPCR). The contour of the posterior bulge corresponded to the edges of the TPCR. Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam 70700: Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) confirmed traumatic cataract in region of TPCR evidenced by increased lens density at cortex-vitreous interface, absence of vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber, and the amount of residual nucleus. The extent of the TPCR in the greatest and least dimensions was documented before and after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Intraoperatively, TPCR was evident and phacoemulsification with IOL implant was performed. Postoperatively, his BCVA improved to 20/20 in the left eye with a well-centered in-the-bag IOL as found on slit lamp and Scheimpflug images. Conclusions This report highlights the use of Scheimpflug imaging in isolated posterior capsule rupture following closed globe injury, to visualize and quantify the size of posterior capsule rupture and its role in management.
Macular Hole following Bartonella Henselae Neuroretinitis
Authors: Donnio A. , Jean-Charles A. , Merle H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of macular hole secondary to Bartonella henselae neuroretinitis. Methods Observational case report. An 11 year-old boy presented urgently with a decrease of visual acuity in the left eye. Posterior segment examination revealed neuroretinitis attributed to Bartonella henselae. Treatment was initiated, resulting in the disappearance of symptoms. Results Follow-up consultations 7 months later showed a further decline in visual acuity secondary to a macular hole. Conclusions Cat scratch disease is a rare pathology and is most often considered benign. Serious complications can nonetheless occur, such as neuroretinitis, choroidal nodules, and disciform keratitis. The authors report a case of sequellar macular hole. They found only one previous report of macular hole caused by B henselae, which, contrary to their case, appeared rapidly 12 days after presentation.
Needle-Shaped Deposits on Retinal Surface in a Case of Ocular Amyloidosis
Authors: Hattori T. , Shimada H. , Yuzawa M. , Kinukawa N. , Fukuda T. , Yasuda N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case in which optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed needle-shaped deposits on the retinal surface oriented toward the vitreous cavity and immunohistochemical findings suggested light chain-related amyloidosis. Methods A 59-year-old man with no systemic complications had bilateral neovascular glaucoma and vitreous opacities in the right eye. Vitrectomy was conducted on the right eye and the excised vitreous was examined histopathologically. Results Glass wool-like opacities were observed during vitrectomy. Postoperative fundus examination of the right eye showed retinal hemorrhage and white deposits around blood vessels and on retinal surface. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescence of the optic disc, non-perfusion areas, and vascular focal staining. OCT depicted needle-shaped deposits perpendicular to the retinal surface oriented toward the vitreous. Histologic examination of deposits revealed positive reaction for Congo red stain, and immunohistochemical examination demonstrated positive reactivities for anti-lambda and anti-kappa light chains (precursors of amyloid protein), suggesting a diagnosis of light chain-related amyloidosis. Conclusions In this case, OCT showed needle-shaped deposits perpendicular to the retinal surface. Special staining with Congo red revealed the deposit to be amyloid deposition. Immunohistochemical staining suggested light chain-related amyloidosis. Vascular obstructive lesions and neovascular glaucoma secondary to retinal vascular damage in amyloidosis warrant particular attention.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and OCT Findings in Posterior Microphthalmos
Authors: Erdöl H. , Kola M. , Türk A. , Akyol N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Posterior microphthalmos is a rare ocular abnormality. The authors report two siblings with bilateral posterior microphthalmos. Methods Two siblings (aged 10 and 13) were admitted with a history of low degree of vision. Ophthalmologic examinations, ocular ultrasonography, ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) investigations were carried out and the results were evaluated. All results were also compared with their normal sibling. Results Two siblings with posterior microphthalmos have normal and near normal anterior segment dimensions, shortened axial lengths (smaller than 17 mm), low vision with high hyperopias, papillomacular folds, and crowded optic discs. OCT investigation showed bilateral papillomacular retinal fold and UBM examination showed that ciliary body moved behind the iris towards the pupilla and the iridocorneal angle anomalies in two siblings. These findings were not observed in the normal sibling. Conclusions Posterior microphthalmos can exist in the presence of some ocular anomalies. In this case report, UBM provided new information about the structure of iridocorneal angle and ciliary body.
Systemic Associations and Prevalence of Exfoliation Syndrome in Patients Scheduled for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sekeroglu M.A. , Bozkurt B. , Irkec M. , Ustunel S. , Orhan M. , Saracbasi O. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the frequency of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and its association with intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic diseases in patients with age-related cataract scheduled for surgery. Methods All 1480 cataract patients had a comprehensive systemic and eye examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy before and after mydriasis, IOP measurement, gonioscopy, and fundus examination. Results The percentage of XFS among patients scheduled for cataract surgery was 16.4, with no gender difference (p=0.833). The mean age of XFS patients (74.3±7.0 years) was significantly higher when compared to the ones without XFS (66.5±10.9 years) (p<0.001). XFS was unilateral in 41.3% of the subjects and bilateral in 58.7%. The number of subjects with XFS increased significantly with aging (p<0.001) (OR=1.093, 95% CI=1.073–1.14) (p<0.001). The most common type of cataract was nuclear in the XFS group (33.5%) and 24.6% of patients with mature cataract had XFS. In the XFS group, 11.2% of the subjects had glaucoma, which was statistically higher than the non-XFS group (4.6%) (p<0.001) (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.65–4.32). Eighty-four patients had glaucoma and 27 of them (32.1%) had exfoliative glaucoma. The only systemic disease that was found to be associated with XFS was coronary heart disease with an OR of 1.49 (95% CI=1.068–2.072) (p=0.019). Conclusions XFS is a common problem in the aging cataract population of Turkey and increased IOP, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and coronary heart disease occur more frequently in patients with XFS compared with subjects without XFS.
Ocular Inflammatory Signs Observed in a Cohort of Spanish Patients with Behçet Disease and Ocular Inflammation
Authors: Sáenz-Francés F , Elías-De-Tejada M. , Martínez-De-La-Casa J.M. , Calvo-González C. , Fernández-Vidal A. , Méndez-Hernández C. , Pato E. , López-Abad C. , Benítez-Del-Castillo J.M. , Garcia-Sanchez J. , Garcia-Feijoo J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the clinical characteristics of a cohort of Spanish patients diagnosed with Behçet disease and who also presented ocular inflammation. Methods Thirty cases of Behçet disease were studied retrospectively. The authors studied age distribution, distribution by sex, clinical course, laterality, type of uveitis, secondary glaucoma, corneal involvement, hypopyon, iris-lens synechiae, secondary cataract, cystoid macular edema (CME), and papillitis (optic neuritis). Results Fourteen of the patients were men and 16 were women (ratio 0.875:1). The mean age of the patients was 35.24 years (±10.917; 21–61 years). In 23 patients, the disease course was recurrent. In 9 patients, the disease manifested unilaterally. In 5 patients showing unilateral onset, the contralateral eye became affected. In 2 of the 30 patients, uveitis exclusively affected the anterior segment. In 8 patients, uveitis was solely posterior. There was one case of intermediate uveitis. The remaining 19 patients showed panuveitis. Three had focal chorioretinitis. One had diffuse chorioretinitis. Fifteen showed signs of diffuse vasculitis. Eight patients showed focal vasculitis. Conclusions Women were slightly more affected than men, although the authors found no significant correlation between sex and the clinical variables examined. Apart from one unexpected case of intermediate uveitis, the observations are similar to those reported for other patient series.
Characterization of Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 by Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Indian Population
Authors: Narayanan R. , Majji A.B. , Hussain N. , Hussain A. , Jalali S. , Mathai A. , Shah V.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To characterize the variations in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) features in idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) type 2. Methods Retrospective observational study. The authors included all the patients with IMT type 2 who underwent FFA during the period from January 2004 to December 2005. The main outcome measures were subretinal neovascularization and number and distance of telangiectasia from the center of the foveal avascular zone. Results The mean age of 21 patients included in the study was 53.0±7.7 years. There were 11 women and 10 men. Six of the 21 patients had a history of diabetes mellitus. Subretinal neovascularization (SRN) was observed in 10 (23.8%) eyes. Subretinal plaque of pigment hyperplasia in the macula was found in 7 (21.9%) eyes, and crystalline yellowish deposits on the retinal surface were seen in 19 (59.4%) eyes. Only one eye had visible retinal telangiectasia. Most had more than 10 telangiectatic lesions in the macular area and the temporal macula was most commonly involved. The mean distance from the center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) up to which telangiectasia could be observed was 1340±400 μm. The maximum distance from the FAZ at which telangiectasia was identified was 2530 μm. Conclusions In IMT type 2, telangiectasia may be seen farther from the parafoveal area.
Assessment of Macular Function by Microperimetry in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Dinc U.A. , Yenerel M. , Gorgun E. , Oncel M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate retrospectively macular function by microperimetry (MP) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with intermediate AMD and a visual acuity of 20/32 or better were enrolled in the study. Macular function in patients with intermediate AMD and age-matched control group were carried out with MP1 microperimeter. Mean sensitivity (MS), mean defect (MD) parameters, fixation patterns, and localizations were evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of macular function parameters between the intermediate AMD group and the control group. Results MS was 12.7±2.8 dB and MD was detected as −6.2±2.2 dB in the intermediate AMD group by MP. Fixation patterns were stable in 22 eyes, relatively unstable in 7 eyes, and unstable in 1 eye. Fixation location was predominantly central in 19 eyes, poor central in 5 eyes, and predominantly eccentric in 6 eyes. In the control group MS was 18.0±0.6 dB and MD was −1.9±0.6 dB. When compared with control group, the decrease in MS and the increase in MD were statistically significant in the intermediate AMD group (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusions Assessment of retinal sensitivity with MP1 microperimeter is a rapid, safe and noninvasive diagnostic method. Early macular function loss in intermediate AMD can be precisely detected by MP1 microperimeter before significant visual impairment is established and it is also useful for demonstrating the shift in the localization and the stability of fixation prior to progression of intermediate AMD to advanced and exudative stage.
Oxidative Stress Intensity in Lens and Aqueous Depending on Age-Related Cataract Type and Brunescense
Authors: Zoric L. , Elek-Vlajic S. , Jovanovic M. , Kisic B. , Djokic O. , Canadanovic V. , Cosic V. , Jaksic V. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Cataract formation represents a serious problem in the elderly, and has a large impact on healthcare budget. The oxidative stress form and intensity might determine the cataract type and pigmentation, making efforts in the cataract prevention challenge more complex. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional review of 80 samples of aqueous humor and lens corticonuclear blocks. Aqueous samples were analyzed by the method of antioxidant activity estimation (%iMDA), while lipid peroxides (LP) and total sulfhydryl groups (TSH) were determined in lenses. Results Mixed and brunescent cataracts have statistically significant lower values of antioxidative %iMDA and TSH (p<0.001 for both parameters) and higher values of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001). No correlation between LP and TSH with maturity of cortical cataract was found, but there was a significant correlation with the %iMDA (p<0.05). Conclusions The role of the oxidative stress in cataractogenesis could not be the same for all cataract types. High level of lipid peroxides in pigmented cataracts may point to the different nature of pigment source than proteins solely, whereas lipid peroxidation and SH groups consumption in cortical cataractogenesis might be of less importance.
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: Indications and Results
Authors: Yildiz E.H. , Nurozler A.B. , Ozkan Aksoy N. , Altiparmak U.E. , Onat M. , Karaguzel H. , Duman S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe amniotic membrane transplantation indications and results at the authors' institution. Methods In this study, chart review of 108 patients who underwent amniotic membrane transplantation between January 2002 and April 2006 was performed. The survival rate of corneal integrity was compared, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, as a measure of success rate. Results The mean age of the patients was 55.2±20.1 (6–87 years, 75 female, 51 male). The patients underwent amniotic membrane transplantation for six different diagnoses: nontraumatic corneal perforation (32 eyes, Group 1), persistent epithelial defect (29 eyes, Group 2), aphakic/pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (18 eyes, Group 3), infectious ulcer resistant to treatment (14 eyes, Group 4), necrotizing keratitis secondary to endophthalmitis (10 eyes, Group 5), and caustic injury (5 eyes, Group 6). The mean survival of corneal integrity was similar in all groups (p=0.156). Conclusions Amniotic membrane transplantation is a successful adjunctive method in achieving corneal epithelization in the study indications.
Penetrating Keratoplasty for Corneal Ectasia after Laser in Situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Kucumen R.B. , Yenerel N.M. , Gorgun E. , Oncel M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To improve the visual acuity of patients with progressive keratectasia following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Five eyes of four patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty for ectasia after LASIK. In one patient the second eye was operated on 10 months after the first keratoplasty. The pre- and postoperative refraction, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and topographic data were evaluated. Results The preoperative refraction was −20.0 diopters (D) with high cylindrical values in all eyes at the time of surgery. After penetrating keratoplasty, mean spherical equivalent was −13.08±3.62 (SD) and mean refractive cylinder was −3.87±1.12 (SD). In one eye Urrets-Zavalia syndrome was noted as an early postoperative complication. In the second operated eye of another patient, there had been graft rejection several times. In this patient, frequent steroid use led to secondary glaucoma and he required filtering surgery. Conclusions Penetrating keratoplasty is effective and successful in treating iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK, but these patients need a close and lifelong follow-up to treat late-term complications such as graft rejection and secondary glaucoma.