bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation between Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis Based On NHANES
Authors: Liu Yingming , Wang Ziming , Xia Yuhang , Zhang Yan , Li Mingfei , Chen Hao , Zhao Shuang , Lu Yun , Yang Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) is an emerging inflammatory biomarker that is cost-effective and easily accessible. Its predictive value has been demonstrated in different clinical scenarios, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sepsis. Despite this, the connection between NPAR and COPD is not fully understood. Therefore, we carried out a cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between NPAR and COPD.
Methods
This study analyzed data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2017 to 2020. Various statistical methods such as multiple logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, threshold effect analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were utilized to explore the association between NPAR and COPD risk.
Results
The study involved 5807 participants aged 20 years and older, including 550 individuals diagnosed with COPD. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the research found a direct link between NAPR and COPD risk, viewing NAPR as both a continuous and categorical variable. The fully adjusted model revealed that higher NAPR levels were independently linked to an increased COPD risk (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.09, P = 0.007). Moreover, individuals in the highest NAPR quartile (Q4) had a 34% higher risk of COPD compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) ( OR = 1.34 ; 95% CI: 1.01–1.77, P = 0.039). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests supported a consistent relationship between NAPR and COPD risk, with no significant interactions found.
Conclusion
NAPR, a newly discovered inflammatory biomarker, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of COPD, as indicated by recent research. These findings imply that NAPR could potentially be used as a prognostic tool to evaluate the likelihood of developing COPD.
Short-Term Adverse Outcomes Related to Medication Use in Older Adults Visiting Emergency Department – a Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Holstein Ria M , Hongisto Mari P , Jämsen Esa , Saario Eeva , Kvarnström Kirsi , Castrén Maaret K , Kaartinen Johanna M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background.
Drug-related emergency department (ED) visits are often encountered in the ED but remain unidentified, especially among older adults. Although medication use should be screened in the ED, little is known about their effect on short-term adverse ED outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and short-term adverse outcomes in older ED patients.
Methods.
We retrospectively determined prescribed medications of 392 non-urgently transported community-dwelling patients aged ≥ 75 years. We measured polypharmacy and PIM use with dichotomous and ordinal variables. Comorbidities were assessed with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Primary outcomes were 90-day mortality, hospital admissions and 90-day ED revisits. Statistically, we used adjusted logistic regression analysis.
Results.
80% of the patients had polypharmacy (≥ 5 regular medications) and 30% had excessive polypharmacy (≥ 10 regular medications). Polypharmacy did not predict higher risk of any study outcomes but was associated with a lower risk of 90-day mortality [adjusted OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.06–0.45), p < 0.001]. Excessive polypharmacy predicted a higher risk of 90-day ED revisits [adjusted OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–4.93), p = 0.024]. An increasing number of regular medications was associated with a higher risk of 90-day ED revisits [OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03–1.16), p = 0.014] and a lower risk of 90-day mortality [OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.94, p = 0.005]. PIM use did not increase risks for any study outcomes. Increasing CCI predicted higher 90-day mortality rates [OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.37–2.10), p < 0.001].
Conclusions.
Polypharmacy, defined as use of five or more medications is common among older ED patients but does not increase the risk of short-term adverse outcomes. Rising number of regular medications and excessive polypharmacy increases the risk for 90-day ED revisits. Instead of assessing polypharmacy with currently used numerical thresholds, EDs should screen excessive polypharmacy or use novel numerical thresholds to screen high-risk patients.
Factors associated with the use of specialized mental health services in urban Latin American young people with symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Hidalgo-Padilla Liliana , Flores Sumiko , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Ariza-Salazar Karen , Lucchetti Santiago Cesar , Vilela-Estrada Ana L. , Uribe-Restrepo José Miguel , Carbonetti Fernando Luis , Ramirez-Meneses Daniela , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Brusco Luis Ignacio , Diez-Canseco Francisco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Studies have shown that adolescents and young adults are less likely to seek mental health (MH) services. This research aims to identify the factors associated with using specialized MH services among young people in deprived urban Latin American areas.
Methods
The study included 1345 adolescents (15–16 years) and young adults (20–24 years) with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. We collected data on predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to using specialized MH services. We compared the differences in service use using a chi-square test and determined the association using Poisson regression.
Results
18.9% of participants used specialized MH services in the previous three months. Youth whose parents received MH treatment had a 51% and 57% higher prevalence of using MH services, as those whose parents had education beyond secondary school were 64% more likely to use these services. Participants with severe levels of anxiety symptoms and self-recognition of experiencing anxiety symptoms had an 88% and 117% higher prevalence of using MH services; otherwise, severity levels of depression were not associated with the use of MH services. Specific symptoms of depression or anxiety reported on the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 scales were linked to the use of these services. Furthermore, experiencing three or more stressful life events and low and moderate levels of resilience were associated with a 48%, 74%, and 60% greater likelihood of using MH services.
Conclusion
Less than one in five participants accessed specialized MH services in the last three months. Predisposing, enabling, and need factors influencing service use include parental history of MH treatment, parents with education beyond secondary school, severe anxiety, self-recognition of ever experiencing anxiety, severe life events, and low resilience.
A case of cubital tunnel syndrome due to bone metastasis of lung cancer confirmed by 18 F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ni Haopeng , Zhou Haiying , Chen Donghe , Liu Zhenfeng , Kota Vishnu Goutham , Abdulla Mohamed Hasan , Abdulla Ali Hasan , Ezzi Sohaib Hasan , Abdalbary Sahar Ahmed , Lu Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma can metastasize to other parts of the body. Solitary metastasis to the elbow is rare; elbow metastasis presenting with the initial symptom of pain is extremely rare.
Methods and results
We report a 67-year-old female presented to our hospital with an eight- month history of progressively swelling and pain in her elbow. An MR scan revealed a possible malignant lesion. A subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed cancer of the lower lobe of the right lung with metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes and elbow joint. The clinical diagnosis was pulmonary malignant tumor elbow metastasis, with ulnar nerve entrapment syndrome. A biopsy of elbow soft tissue was performed to confirm metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. The patient refused to target-specific drug treatment for economic reasons. After six months, the patient was lost to follow up.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm that 18F-FDG PET/CT is an excellent method that has potential as a diagnostic modality for examination of a malignant or locally aggressive elbow lesion.
Correlates of Self-Medication Practices for Malaria Illness to Under-Five Children in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Okunola Oluseye , Aroke Abdulrahman , Okunola Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Malaria is a leading cause of illness and death among Nigeria's under-five children. Self-medication for malaria is common among caregivers, despite the dangers of drug resistance and treatment failure. The sole aim of this scholarship is to investigate the relationships between self-medication habits and malaria in under-five children in Southwestern Nigeria. The study, which was supported by six research assistants and a peer review, looked into the self-medication practices of caregivers of children under the age of five in two Yoruba states, Lagos and Osun. Household caregivers from a variety of backgrounds, including original parents and other relatives were included in the study. Data was collected using Open Data Kit and interviewer-administered questionnaires. The study identified several key correlates of self-medication practices. Demographic factors such as caregivers' age and education level were significantly associated with self-medication, with younger and less educated caregivers more likely to self-medicate. Socioeconomic status, particularly lower income, was also a significant predictor. Health system factors, including limited access to healthcare services and previous negative experiences with the healthcare system, contributed to higher self-medication rates. Additionally, limited knowledge about malaria and cultural beliefs significantly influenced self-medication practices. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of self-medication for malaria among caregivers of under-five children in Southwestern Nigeria. Addressing these practices requires comprehensive public health strategies that enhance health literacy, improve healthcare accessibility and quality, mitigate socioeconomic barriers, and incorporate cultural sensitivity. Targeted interventions based on these findings can improve malaria treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of malaria among young children in the region.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection following Restorative Proctocolectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in the Biologic Era
Authors: Horio Yuki , Uchino Motoi , Tomoo Kazunori , Nomura Kazunori , Nagano Kentaro , Kusunoki Kurando , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Kimura Kei , Kataoka Kozo , Beppu Naohito , Ueda Takashi , Ichiki Kaoru , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Ikeda Masataka , Ikeuchi Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a critical issue in colorectal surgery because it decreases postoperative patient quality of life. The rate of SSI in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving immunosuppressive therapy is particularly high, suggesting that the SSI rate may increase with the introduction of biologic agents.
Methods
UC patients who underwent 2-stage restorative proctocolectomy at our institution between April 2012 and December 2023 were included in this study. Clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared between an SSI group and a non-SSI group; possible risk factors for SSIs were also analyzed. Additionally, the following anti-SSI measures adopted at our hospital were included as explanatory variables: laparoscopic surgery, oral antibiotic prophylaxis, and change of surgical instruments before wound closure.
Results
In total, 501 UC surgical patients were included. The incidence of overall SSIs was 45/501 (8.9%). The rates of incisional SSIs and organ/space SSIs were 26/501 (5.1%) and 30/501 (5.9%), respectively. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis was identified as a risk factor for overall SSIs (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.93, p = 0.02), incisional SSIs (odds ratio: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.11–1.03, p = 0.03) and organ/space SSIs (odds ratio: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13–1.05, p = 0.04).
Conclusions
Nonadministration of oral antibiotic prophylaxis was identified as a risk factor for SSIs. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis before restorative proctocolectomy may improve the postoperative quality of life of UC patients by preventing SSIs, even in the era of minimally invasive surgery and biological agents.
Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of On-Demand Social Media Platforms
Authors: TK SHIBAHATHULLA , ALI PROF DR ASHRAF 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study examines the factors influencing consumer adoption of on-demand social media platforms characterized by ephemeral content. As these platforms rapidly gain popularity, understanding adoption drivers is crucial for researchers and practitioners. The study develops and tests a comprehensive model integrating traditional technology acceptance factors with platform-specific constructs. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling on data from 180 social media users in Kerala, India, the research reveals that convenience is the strongest predictor of adoption intention, followed by perceived usefulness, interpersonal influence, and enjoyment. Surprisingly, factors like perceived ease of use, social influence, and platform-specific features such as ephemerality and visual focus did not significantly impact adoption directly. Age showed a marginal negative effect, while gender had no significant impact. The findings challenge some prevailing assumptions about on-demand social media adoption and highlight the need for refined models specific to this context. The study contributes to technology adoption literature by demonstrating the primacy of convenience in driving the adoption of these platforms. It also offers practical insights for developers and marketers, suggesting that prioritizing convenience and perceived usefulness in design and marketing may be more effective than emphasizing specific features. Future research directions are proposed to address limitations and further explore this evolving digital landscape.
The relationship between human resources management and firm’ economic performance: The mediating role of employees’ conditions and motivation
Authors: Togola Moussa , Yu Pr Dengke , Dansoko Famory , Tandjigora Fodie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the context of digital revolution and health crises (COVID-19), the major challenge for human resource managers is to find paths and strategies to reconcile HRM (Human Resources Management) practices with the new business environments. The new challenge consists, therefore, to reduce the gap which exists between ancient management practices and new strategies related to turbulent environments, and requires the adaptation of human resources to the significant and rapid technological changes, through the continuous training of workers. The companies also have to pay attention to the improvement of workers well-being, and working environment. This study aims to explore and analyze the relationship between human resources management and enterprise economic performance via the mediation of employees’ conditions and motivation. A statistical approach seems product such analysis. A questionnaire have been used to collect data from both leaders and employees across 53 enterprises in Bamako and its peripheries, Mali. Hence, we used the 5-point Likert attitude scale. Utilizing 733 recovered questionnaires, the study employed the regression analysis method to test direct effects. However, the Sobel test was applied to test indirect effects. The results of this study indicated that in a poor business environment, employees remuneration and their career plan affect positively and significantly enterprise economic performance. But, surprisingly, employee’ conditions and motivation don’t affect directly firm performance. Additionally, they also shown that workers conditions and motivation mediate the relationship between human resources management and company organizational performance. The sample was drawn using the probabilistic technique. It have been composed by employees and managers. These conclusions align partially with the perspectives of needs and motivation theories, unveiling the diverse effects of human resources management on firm economic performance and underscoring the necessity for long-term investments in workers well-being improvement. Consequently, the study enriches the literature on human resources management practices, and contributes to the enrichment of positive psychology, needs and motivation theories and reminds us to think carefully about the value of working environment improvement and workers well-being enhancement.
Electricity generation from renewable source- A leachate based microbial fuel cell machine learning approach
Authors: Mohammad Shamsuddeen Jumande , Ishaq Aliyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This research presents an innovative blend of feature selection and sensitivity analysis techniques, which is an essential yet overlooked aspect in the study of MFCs. The study compared predictive models utilizing various machine learning algorithms to assess the impact of time, dosage, pH and temperature on ammonium nitrogen concentration (NH4-N) to predict the power density (PD) output of microbial fuel cells using leachate as a substrate for treatment. Evaluation of six machine learning models demonstrates varying levels of predictive accuracy. CatBoost (R2:0.9969, MSE: 48.8430, RMSE:6.9888) emerges as the most accurate model, followed closely by XGBoost (R2:0.9917, MSE:130.1668, RMSE:11.4091) and Random Forest (R2:0.9830, MSE:267.0929, RMSE:16.3430). Time series plots illustrate the performance of different models in predicting PD over a period, indicating good alignment with observed data. Comparison of Mean Squared Error (MSE) highlights significant variations in prediction accuracy, with CatBoost demonstrating the greatest enhancement and precision. The study directly tackles the deficiencies in existing MFC predictive modeling by incorporating the CatBoost algorithm, which provides enhanced accuracy and a deeper understanding of the nonlinear connections between environmental variables and power density.
Creating bottom-up RNA transfer vehicles from synthetic protein assemblies
Authors: Wurst Wolfgang , Schuhmacher Maren , Gruber Christoph , Lang Christopher , Ruijpers Ricardo , Mazneykova Lyupka , Krus Ariane , Tremmel Barbara , Reinhardt Friederike , Kadletz Karoline , Ma Zhe , Casalta Lucie , Otify Dina , Beinsteiner Brice , Balken Iolo , Hetzel Leon , Merl-Pham Juliane , Luchner Marina , Krautner Lea , Ganea Karin , Wiesner Natascha , Emrich Alexander , Yağmur Emirhan , Rager Katrin , Sagindykova Gauhar , Armbrust Niklas , Geilenkeuser Julian , Westmeyer Gil , Becirovic Elvir , Biel Martin , Istvanffy Rouzanna , Vogt-Weisenhorn Daniela , Truong Dong-Jiunn , Jasnin Marion , Theis Fabian , Ebert Gregor , Erturk Ali , Bähr Andrea , Klymiuk Nikolai , Giesert Florian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Evolution guides biological systems to populate ecological niches, with viruses being one of the most successful examples of that principle. Viruses evolved over billions of years for the efficient transfer of nucleic acids. Although highly diverse, most viruses converged toward a remarkable similarity in the size and shape of their capsids. In contrast, generative models for protein design enable the creation of protein architectures that are absent in nature. Here, we investigate whether AI-designed protein assemblies can be functionalized to construct nucleic acid transport vehicles that are independent of evolutionary trajectories. By combining natural protein domains with synthetic protein assemblies, we create more than a hundred bottom-up RNA transfer vehicles with unique sizes and shapes. These novel vehicles surpass the RNA transfer efficiency of widely used delivery vehicles by several orders of magnitude. Additionally, we demonstrate that their tropism can be programmed by incorporating computationally designed peptide binders and apply them to deliver various therapeutically relevant cargo RNAs, such as Gene Editors, into a wide range of cellular models. We show the in vivo biodistribution of one of these vehicles in a mouse with close to single-cell resolution and use it to perform a gene editing strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a pig. Our work demonstrates how proteins created by generative AI can be harnessed for the rational engineering of biological systems with desired properties by overcoming the limitations of natural protein diversity.
Synthesis and characterization of Substituted Schiff Base from Benzene-1,4-Diamine: Study of Biological Activity and Corrosion Inhibitor Effect
Authors: Kathim Sura Hamid , [ Hayder Dawood Arkawazi , Loukil Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This work includes a simple condensation reaction between aromatic amine " 2,5-dimethyl-benzene-1,4-diamine" or "2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-benzene-1,4-diamine with a carbonyl compound (pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde") to produce a new ligand. The produced ligands (L1a, L2a) were underwent to reduction reactions using (NaBH4) at room temperature to produce the new ligands" 2,5-dimethyl-N,N'-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzene-1,4-diamine" (L1b) and "2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-N,N'-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzene-1,4-diamine "(L2b). All ligands (L1a-L2b) are characterized by 1H-13C NMR, FT.IR, mass spectrometry, and elemental microanalysis. The ligands (L1b, L2b) effectiveness was examined as corrosion inhibitors and gave good results. In another application, activity of ligands was studied against two bacterial types E. coli (Gram-) and Staph. (Gram+) in comparison with the drug used Chloramphenicol. The ligands (L1a and L1b) showed a highest inhibition, but the ligands) L2a andL2b (did not show any inhibition effect at 25and50 Conc.(μg/ml)
The impact of stator module gaps on the performance of canned permanent magnet synchronous motors with segmented stators
Authors: Ming Li , Jixin Zheng , Guanghui Du , Shuxian Lun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The segmented stator structure is applied to the canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) can improve the performance of the motor. However, the influence of the stator module gap on the CPMSM performance is not clear. In this paper, an iterative calculation method for the electromagnetic performance of the motor is proposed. Using this method, the influence of stator module gap on the electromagnetic performance of the CPMSM with segmented stators is analyzed under the conditions of constant current and constant torque. The calculation results are compared with the finite element calculation results. The results show that under constant current, the increase of the stator module gap leads to the decrease of the loss, torque, efficiency and power factor. Under the condition of constant torque, with the increase of the stator module gap, the loss and power factor of the CPMSM are reduced, but the efficiency of the CPMSM is gradually improving. Finally, a prototype is made and a test platform is built. The test results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method and results. This study not only enriches the theoretical knowledge of the CPMSM with segmented stators, but also has practical significance for helping and guiding the design of the CPMSM.