bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generative AI: hopes, controversies and the future of faculty roles in education
Authors: Aad Samar , Hardey Mariann 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has seen exponential growth in recent years due to its capability to generate original content through natural language processing and comprehensive language models. This paper aims to investigate the transformative impact of GAI on higher education, focusing on the evolving roles of faculty in the classroom.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a phenomenological perspective and a process approach, the study involved 25 semi-structured interviews with academicians in higher education.

Findings
The findings reveal that GAI currently creates biased and commercially driven learning environments, challenging traditional pedagogical models. Despite its potential for enhancing education, the autonomous nature of GAI often prioritizes commercial interests over pedagogical goals.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to faculty perspectives, suggesting future research should include student viewpoints and diverse educational contexts.

Practical implications
The study highlights the need for higher education institutions to develop comprehensive policies, provide training for faculty and students and design new courses that leverage GAI for personalized learning experiences and enhanced faculty research.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the emerging literature on GAI’s impact on education, highlighting its dual nature as both a transformative tool and a potential threat to traditional educational roles and outcomes.
Single‐center experience of extended brain‐death donor heart preservation with the organ care system
Authors: Gregory Vasiliki , Isath Ameesh , Lanier Gregg M. , Levine Avi , Pan Stephen , Aggarwal‐Gupta Chhaya , Elgar Guy , Shimamura Junichi , Wolfe Kevin , Gass Alan , Spielvogel David , Kai Masashi , Ohira Suguru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Organ Care System (OCS) (Transmedics, Andover, MA) reduces cold ischemic time of donor hearts by producing a normothermic beating state during ex vivo perfusion, enabling extended ex situ intervals, which potentially increases donor pool. We aimed to compare outcomes in utilization of OCS and conventional cold storage technique.MethodsConsecutive heart transplants following brain death at our institution between May 2022 and July 2023 were analyzed. Recipients were divided into those receiving hearts preserved with OCS [N = 15] and those with conventional cold storage (Control, N = 27), with OCS utilization when anticipated ischemic time was more than 4 h. Pre‐transplant characteristics and transplant outcomes were compared.ResultsOCS utilization allowed a significant increase in distance traveled for heart retrieval (OCS, 624 ± 269 vs. Control, 153 ± 128 miles, p < 0.001), with longer mean total preservation times (6.2 ± 1.1 vs 2.6 ± 0.6 h, p < 0.001). All but one patient displayed a general decrease or plateau in lactate throughout perfusion time by OCS. Both groups experienced similar rates of severe primary graft dysfunction (OCS, 6.7% [N = 1] vs. Control, 11.1% [N = 3], p = 0.63), with 100% in‐hospital survival in the OCS group compared to 96.3% in the Control group (p = 0.34). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that estimated one‐year survival were comparable (OCS, 93.3 ± 6.4% vs. Control, 88.9 ± 6.0%, p = 0.61).ConclusionWith a mean preservation time of around 6 h and distance covered of over 600 miles, our results using OCS indicate a potential to safely increase the quantity and viability of accessible organs, thus broadening the donor pool without negatively affecting outcomes.
Development and validation of a questionnaire on bodily experience in VAD patients (BE‐S)
Authors: Richter Fabian , Kugler Christiane , Tigges‐Limmer Katharina , Albert Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the disturbance in bodily experience (BE) following ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. The level of disturbance in BE serves as an indicator of the status of the patients' adaptation process to the device. This process encompasses coping with both the more affective, psychological conflicts and the more cognitive, practical challenges of living with the VAD. To provide an economical screening tool for everyday clinical practice, we refined and validated a questionnaire on BE in VAD patients.MethodsSeven specific items were derived from clinical experience and presented to 365 VAD patients (85% male; time since implantation: 3–36 months). The item structure was examined using factor analyses and probabilistic test theory. Discriminant validity and change sensitivity were determined in relation to associated psychometric instruments.ResultsFour items were found to constitute the unidimensional bodily experience scale (BE‐S). Besides a high internal consistency of the scale (ω = 0.86), the RMSEA of >0.01 indicates a very good model fit. The BE‐S has high convergent validity with related constructs (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). Change sensitivity analyses proved the BE‐S alone to be significantly sensitive to the temporal dynamics of psychological adaptation processes following VAD implantation.ConclusionThe BE‐S constitutes a valid and economical tool for clinical practice to assess patients' disturbance in BE after VAD implantation. It is a valuable tool for identifying patients with difficulties in adapting to the VAD. Subsequently, it enables early and focused therapeutic support for these patients at risk.
Letter: Association between terlipressin and multi‐drug‐resistant organism rectal colonisation
Authors: Tan Katrina , Jahanabadi Hossein , Pandey Dinesh , Sinclair Marie , Majumdar Avik , Trubiano Jason A. , Kwong Jason C. , Testro Adam , Smibert Olivia 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mücke et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17899 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18256
Trends of chronic liver diseases by income level and socioeconomic factors in the United States: A population‐based study
Authors: Lee Eunice Yewon , Nguyen Vy H. , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackground/AimsWith polarizing income disparities, this study investigated the prevalence and trends of liver disease in a U.S. population‐based sample based on income‐to‐poverty ratio (IPR).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analysed survey data from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with highest (HIG), middle‐income (MIG), and lowest income (LIG) groups defined as IPR ≤ 1, 1 < IPR <5, and IPR ≥ 5, respectively.ResultsWe analysed 59,204 adult participants with 48.2% male, 39.7% aged 18–39, 36.2% 40–59, and 24.1% ≥60 years. The weighted prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV), B (HBV) infection, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), and advanced fibrosis in LIG were 3.9% (n = 276), 7.4% (n = 527), 33.2% (n = 714), 5.2% (n = 401), and 9.0% (n = 694), respectively, compared to lower rates for HIG: 1.0% (n = 82), 3.2% (n = 263), 29.6% (n = 798), 3.9% (n = 354), and 5.0% (n = 638). After adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, and birthplace, HIG had the lowest odds of having any liver disease [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.67, p < 0.0001], with similar findings for specific conditions including HCV, HBV, and advanced fibrosis (aOR 0.24, 0.52, and 0.64, all p < 0.0001, respectively). While viraemic HCV prevalence decreased over time for HIG, there were no changes for MIG nor LIG. Similarly, NAFLD prevalence was stable for HIG but increased for MIG and LIG.ConclusionLIG and MIG in the United States have higher liver disease burdens than HIG, with increasing NAFLD prevalence and lack of decline in current HCV infection prevalence over time as opposed to declining or stable trend in HIG.
The Cost of Procuring Deceased Donor Livers: Evidence From US Organ Procurement Organization Cost Reports, 2013–2018
Authors: Bragg‐Gresham Jennifer L. , Peters Thomas G. , Vaughan William P. , Held Philip , McCormick Frank , Roberts John P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDeceased donor organs for transplantation are costly. Expenses include donor assessment, pre‐operative care of acceptable donors, surgical organ recovery, preservation and transport, and other costs. US Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) serve defined geographic areas in which each OPO has exclusive organ recovery responsibilities including detailed reporting of costs. We sought to determine the costs of procuring deceased donor livers by examining reported organ acquisition costs from OPO cost reports. Using 6 years of US OPO cost report data for each OPO (2013–2018), we determined the average cost of recovering a viable (i.e., transplanted) liver for each of the 51 independent US OPOs. We examined predictors of these costs including the number of livers procured, the percent of nonviable livers, direct procurement costs, coordinator salaries, professional education, and local cost of living. A cost curve estimated the relationship between the cost of livers and the number of locally procured livers. The average cost of procured livers by individual OPO‐year varied widely from $11 393 to $65 556 (average $31 659) over the six study years. An increase in the overall number of procured livers was associated with lower direct costs, administrative, and procurement overhead costs, but this association differed for imported livers. Cost per local liver decreased linearly for each additional liver, while importing more livers was only cost saving until 200 livers, with imported livers costing more ($39K vs. $31.7K). The largest predictor of variation in cost was the aggregate of direct costs (e.g., hospital costs) to recover the organ (57%). Cost increases were 2.5% per year (+$766/year). This information may be valuable in determining how OPOs might improve service to transplant centers and the patients they serve.
Attitudes and Knowledge of Dental Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina Towards Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Dolic Olivera , Obradovic Marija , Kojic Zeljka , Jankovic Svjetlana , Davidovic Bojana , Knezevic Natasa , Sukara Slava 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionChild abuse and neglect (CAN) are social and public health problems. Access to oral health care for abused and neglected children is a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge of dental students from Bosnia and Herzegovina towards CAN.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 263 dental students from two public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The students answered 31 questions about the topic of CAN. The study population was categorised by year of study into six groups. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to analyse differences among participants regarding the year of study. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe results show that 10.26% of total participants had experienced some knowledge about the topic of CAN during their studies, 17.87% had read about it in professional dental literature and 8.74% had some form of education and training on the topic. Over 50% of participants answered all of the questions about social indicators of CAN correctly. The knowledge of the study participants was found to be deficient concerning some physical signs of CAN found in the orofacial region. For a significant number of questions ‘I don't know’ was a frequent answer.ConclusionThe level of knowledge of dental students from Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the challenge of CAN is insufficient. An important strategy this to improve this is to increase the education and training of child abuse and neglect in dental curriculums.
Sorption retards remediation of clayey sulfuric soils with straw‐derived dissolved organic matter
Authors: Kölbl Angelika , Mosley Luke , Fitzpatrick Rob , Kaiser Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen sulfidic soils become drained, oxidation of pyrite can cause acidification and formation of iron (Fe) oxyhydroxy sulfate phases such as jarosite. Remediation via re‐establishment of reducing conditions requires submergence and addition of biodegradable organic carbon (OC) to stimulate activity of reducing bacteria. Addition of straw‐derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been shown to induce rapid microbial reduction in sandy sulfuric (pH <4) soils. In clayey sulfuric soil, DOC may be less efficient because of limited availability for microbes due to its sorption to reactive minerals. We tested the possible effect of sorption on the remediative potential of straw‐derived DOC using a set of incubation and sorption experiments, and used solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of OC. The tested materials were a clayey, jarosite‐containing sulfuric soil (pH 3), and artificial model soils composed of synthesized jarosite either mixed with quartz powder or quartz powder + clay minerals. The results showed that addition of DOC from wheat straw induces reduction conditions varying with soil sorptivity. For the model soils, DOC sorption was little, and DOC additions of 0.8 mg OC g−1 were sufficient to achieve permanently reducing conditions and an increase in pH to >6.0. In the natural sulfuric soil, much higher DOC additions were needed (1.8 mg OC g−1) to facilitate continuous reducing conditions, but pH increased only to values no higher than 5.0–5.5. The natural soil revealed strong sorption of added DOC. Sorption preferentially reduced the proportion of proteins, while the proportion of lignin components, which can hardly be used by microorganisms under reducing conditions, remained relatively high in solution. Thus, high DOC additions were required to overcome the sorption‐induced limitations in OC availability. The results suggest that wheat straw‐derived DOC is a promising approach also for remediation of clayey sulfuric soils; however, OC additions need to be adjusted to compensate for possible sorption.
«Sécurité juridique» et travail domestique à demeure en Allemagne: une stratégie de formalisation?
Authors: KOCHER Eva 
Published: September 2024

RésuméLes travailleurs domestiques à demeure sont souvent privés d'accès au travail décent et aux droits au travail. La formalisation est généralement vue comme la voie à suivre pour y remédier et, en Allemagne, le débat sur cette question est axé sur la «sécurité juridique». Nous examinons si la sécurité juridique peut contribuer à la formalisation. Certaines évolutions juridiques (en Autriche par exemple) montrent que renforcer la «sécurité juridique» peut en réalité avoir l'effet inverse en permettant une dissimulation plus efficace du faux travail indépendant. Nous montrons qu'en Allemagne ce renforcement ne serait pas nécessairement positif pour cette catégorie de travailleurs.
Pour que la loi ne reste pas lettre morte: droits des travailleurs domestiques et «déformalité» au Pérou
Authors: PÉREZ Leda M. , GANDOLFI Andrea 
Published: September 2024

RésuméLes auteurs évaluent dans quelle mesure la loi péruvienne n° 31047/2020, qui accorde à la main‐d‘œuvre domestique les mêmes droits et la même protection sociale qu'aux autres travailleurs, a réellement amélioré l'accès de ces employés à un contrat écrit et aux droits. À partir de données de l'enquête nationale auprès des ménages, d'entretiens et d'un groupe de discussion, ils constatent que les droits des travailleurs sont en grande partie restés théoriques, à la fois parce que l‘État ne fait pas respecter la loi et parce que les employeurs ne l'appliquent pas, une situation permise par la «déformalité» de la société péruvienne.
«Seguridad jurídica» para el trabajo en régimen interno en Alemania. ¿Una estrategia de formalización?
Authors: KOCHER Eva 
Published: September 2024

ResumenMuchos de los trabajadores domésticos que viven en hogares privados carecen de acceso a un trabajo decente y a derechos laborales. La formalización suele concebirse como una estrategia normativa para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo. El debate sobre el trabajo doméstico interno en Alemania se ha centrado en la «seguridad jurídica». Aquí se analiza si este concepto puede contribuir a la formalización y de qué manera. El caso de Austria demuestra que el efecto puede ser contraproducente, al encubrir más a los falsos autónomos. Del mismo modo, la búsqueda de una mayor seguridad jurídica no necesariamente mejorará la situación de los cuidadores internos en Alemania.
¿De letra muerta a política funcional? Derechos de las trabajadoras domésticas y «desformalidad» en el Perú
Authors: PÉREZ Leda M. , GANDOLFI Andrea 
Published: September 2024

ResumenEn este artículo se estudia si ha mejorado el acceso de las trabajadoras del hogar remuneradas a contratos y prestaciones gracias a la Ley N° 31047/2020 del Perú, que les otorga plenos derechos legales y protección social. Se analizan datos obtenidos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares y de entrevistas con cinco empleadoras y un grupo focal de once trabajadoras, como complemento de estadísticas sobre la aplicación. Se investigan las deficiencias y se formulan recomendaciones de política. Los derechos de las trabajadoras no se respetan plenamente, por falta de control estatal y por un incumplimiento deliberado de los empleadores, situación propiciada por la «desformalidad» socioeconómica del Perú.
Nitrogen Fertilisation and Seed Rate Regulation Improved Photosynthesis, Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Ridge–Furrow Cropping
Authors: Dai Yulong , Liao Zhenqi , Pei Shengzhao , Lai Zhenlin , Liao Bin , Li Zhijun , Fan Junliang , Cui Yuanlai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTRidge–furrow cropping patterns, nitrogen fertilisation and seed rate regulation are popular management strategies for improving crop yields in the semi‐arid areas of Northwest China, but their interactive effects on grain yield and water use efficiency remain poorly understood. In 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, a two‐season field experiment was conducted on winter wheat. There were two cropping patterns (C), ridge–furrow cropping with film mulch (RC) and traditional cropping without mulch (TC), two nitrogen fertilisation rates (N), 0 and 200 kg N ha−1 (N0 and N1) and three seed rates (S), 240, 360 and 480 plants m−2 (S1, S2 and S3). The study was conducted in a split–split design with three replications (randomised blocks) and a total of 24 experimental plots. It was found that the interactive effects of C × N, C × S and N × S were significant on soil temperature (ST), leaf area index (LAI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic parameters, grain yield (GY) and water use efficiency (WUE) (p < 0.05), while C × N × S was significant only for LAI, aboveground biomass (AGB), GY and WUE (p < 0.05). Compared with TC and N0, RC and N1 significantly increased SPAD value (2.4% and 15.8%), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (19.8% and 32.8%), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) (7.0% and 15.7%) and the effective PSII quantum production (ΦPSII) (10.7% and 5.0%). The highest GY (6773 kg ha−1 over 2020–2021 and 8036 kg ha−1 over 2021–2022) and WUE (20.03 kg ha−1 mm−1 over 2020–2021, and 21.77 kg ha−1 mm−1 over 2021–2022) of winter wheat were observed under RC + N1 + S2. The findings showed that the RC cropping pattern with fertilisation and seed rate regulation (360 plants m−2) of winter wheat, which is appropriate for ensuring the long‐term sustainability of agricultural production in the semi‐arid regions of Northwest China, enhanced plant growth, photosynthetic traits, yield and water use efficiency. The study might give useful information for enhancing the productivity and water use efficiency of winter wheat in this and other similar climate locations.
Workplace Bullying Experiences of Nurses From Diverse Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Groups
Authors: Mohr David C. , Dade Shari N. , Yanchus Nancy J. , Bell Chloe A. , Sullivan Sheila Cox , Osatuke Katerine 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo examine nurse workplace bullying relative to diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.MethodsUsing an annual organisational satisfaction survey from 2022, we identified free‐text comments provided by nurses (N = 25,337). We identified and themed comments for specific bullying content among unique respondents (n = 1432). We also examined close‐ended questions that captured organisational constructs, such as job satisfaction and burnout. We looked at differences by comparing diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups to the majority using both qualitative and quantitative data.ResultsFor the free‐text comments, themed categories reflected the type of bullying, the perpetrator and perceived impact. Disrespect was the most frequent theme with supervisors being the primary perpetrator. The reported bullying themes and workplace perceptions differed between nurses in the diverse gender identity and sexual orientation group compared to other groups. Nurses who reported bullying also reported higher turnover intent, burnout, lower workplace civility, more dissatisfaction and lower self‐authenticity.ConclusionDiverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups are understudied in the nurse bullying research, likely because of sensitivities around identification. Our design enabled anonymous assessment of these groups. We suggest practices to help alleviate and mitigate the prevalence of bullying in nursing.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Impact

We examined differences in perceptions of nurse bullying between diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups compared to majority groups.

Group differences were found both for thematic qualitative content and workplace experience ratings with members of minority groups reporting less favourable workplace experiences.

Nurse leaders and staff can benefit from learning about best practices to eliminate bullying among this population.

Reporting MethodSTROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional observational studies.
Parental Imprisonment and Children's Right Not to be Separated from Their Parents
Authors: Bülow William , Lindblom Lars 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is widely known that criminal punishment, especially imprisonment, has negative effects for innocent persons, most notably the families of prisoners. This is an issue attracting increasing attention from penal theorists and philosophers. Adding to this literature, this article examines the extent to which incarceration of a parent is consistent with fundamental rights that are often ascribed to children. In particular, we focus on children's rights against being separated from their parents. To this end, we begin with a discussion of the philosophical basis for children's rights against being separated from their parents against their will. Drawing from recent work by Kimberley Brownlee and Matthew Liao, we argue that children have such a right and that it is grounded in children's welfare interest and the importance of parent–child relationships for children to develop adequately into autonomous agents. We then examine three arguments why imprisoning a parent is justified despite the fact that children have a right against being separated from their parents. For each of these arguments, we argue that while they may show the imprisonment of a particular parent to be sometimes compatible with respecting the right against parent–child separation, an extensive use of imprisonment as punishment of the sort that persists in many states is not.