bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of altered contractile environment on muscle shape change in the human triceps surae
Authors: Kelp Nicole Y. , Tucker Kylie , Hug François , Dick Taylor J. M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscles change shape when they contract. Current insights into the effects of shape change on muscle function have primarily come from experiments on isolated muscles operating at maximal activation levels. However, when muscles contract and change shape, the forces they apply onto surrounding muscles will also change. The impact of an altered contractile environment (i.e. mechanical behaviour of surrounding muscle) on muscle shape change remains unknown. To address this, we altered the mechanical contributions of the human gastrocnemii during isometric plantarflexion contractions [via changing knee angle] and determined if there were associated changes in how the muscles of the triceps surae bulged in thickness during a ramped contraction. We combined B-mode ultrasound imaging with surface electromyography to quantify the neuromechanical contributions of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles during isometric plantarflexion contractions. Our results demonstrate that at the same SOL activity levels, altering knee angle had no influence on the magnitude of muscle shape change (thickness) in the triceps surae muscles. We observed high levels of inter-individual variability in muscle bulging patterns, particularly in the knee flexed position, suggesting a complex relationship between muscle bulging and activation strategies in the triceps surae, which may be related to differences in muscle mechanical properties between participants or across muscles. Our findings highlight the dynamics of in vivo bulging interactions among muscles within the triceps surae and provide insights for future investigations into the impact of altered contractile environments on three-dimensional muscle deformations and force production.
Freezing of movements and its correspondence with MLG1 neuron response to looming stimuli in the crab Neohelice
Authors: Oliva Damián , Gültig Matias , Cámera Alejandro , Tomsic Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Upon visually detecting a moving predator, animals often freeze, i.e. stop moving, to minimize being uncovered and to gather detailed information of the object's movements and properties. In certain conditions, the freezing behavior can be enough to avoid a predatory menace but, when the risk is high or increases to a higher level, animals switch strategy and engage in an escape response. The neural bases underlying escape responses to visual stimuli have been extensively investigated both in vertebrates and arthropods. However, those involved in freezing behaviors are much less studied. Here, we investigated the freezing behavior displayed by the crab Neohelice granulata when confronted with a variety of looming stimuli simulating objects of distinct sizes approaching on a collision course at different speeds. The experiments were performed in a treadmill-like device. Animals engaged in exploratory walks responded to the looming stimulus with freezing followed by escaping. The analysis of the stimulus optical variables shows that regardless of the looming dynamic, the freezing decision is made when the angular size of the object increases by 1.4 deg. In vivo intracellular recording responses of monostratified lobula giant neurons (MLG1) to the same looming stimuli show that the freezing times correlate with the times predicted by a hypothetical spike counter of this neuron.
Convolution Bounds on Quantile Aggregation
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Lam Henry , Liu Yang , Wang Ruodu 
Published: October 2024

Advancing Risk Assessment: New Ways To Compute Quantile Aggregation This issue features a pivotal study on quantile aggregation amid dependence uncertainty, an area critical to finance, risk management, and statistics. The authors introduce “convolution bounds,” derived from a recent inf-convolution formula of quantiles and related risk measures. The obtained analytical tools unify existing results and enhance the understanding of quantile methods by providing general, sharp, and computationally efficient solutions. The results offer insights into the extremal dependence structures, with several implications in risk management and economic analysis applications. For more detailed insights, read the full paper, “Convolution Bounds on Quantile Aggregation” (reference: [insert reference]).
Factors Influencing Worker Safety in Grain Handling: An Advisory Panel Perspective
Authors: Derry Elzerie , Mosher Gretchen A. , Ambrose Kingsly 
Published: October 2024

HighlightsFindings confirmed that out-of-condition grain is a primary causal factor in grain entrapment and engulfment.The advisory panel confirmed that grain quality has implications for grain dust explosions.Findings highlighted a lack of in-depth knowledge expected from an expert panel, specifically on aspects of protective grain quality traits.Abstract. Out-of-condition grain has been identified as a primary causal factor in grain entrapments and engulfments. The quality of grain also has implications for grain dust explosions. Limited research has examined exactly which elements of grain condition influence worker safety in grain handling. This research project aimed to establish an advisory panel to examine and provide input on how elements of grain condition relate to worker safety risks in grain handling. A purposeful sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of grain handling and storage experts to function in an advisory role for the project. A primary aim of this research was to understand the problem further, provide input on tested variables, and guide educational and dissemination efforts. As is true for qualitative methodologies, those selected as part of the targeted sample cannot be generalized to other experts in the field of grain handling. The final sample contained six industry representatives, five academic professionals, and two insurance/regulatory professionals. Participants interviewed had varied expertise with grain-based safety events. Of those interviewed, 23% of participants had personal experience, 54% had bystander or investigator experience, and 23% had training experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to further understand the problem, provide input on important elements in safe grain handling, and guide educational and dissemination efforts. Interviews were analyzed with a primary objective to identify elements of grain condition that play a role in the incidence of grain entrapment, grain engulfments, or grain dust explosions. NVivo 14 was used to conduct a thematic analysis, and four overall themes were identified, which included challenges to worker safety in the grain handling industry, areas where improved communication is needed, grain quality indicators that may play a role in safety incidents, and available mitigation strategies. The themes are the opinions of the advisory panel and may not reflect those of the entire grain handling industry. Keywords: Expert panel, Grain bin safety, Grain handling hazards, Grain quality.
Biodegradability and formulation of triclosan-degrading and plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas sp. MS45
Authors: SIPAHUTAR MERRY KRISDAWATI 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Sipahutar MK. 2024. Biodegradability and formulation of triclosan-degrading and plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas sp. MS45. Biodiversitas 25: 2980-2992. This study presents the isolation of Pseudomonas sp. MS45, a microorganism that can consume triclosan (TCS) as its only carbon and energy source, leading to its detoxification. The rarity of a toxicity study of TCS before and after biodegradation treatment is addressed in this study. Allium cepa's genotoxicity exposed TCS's cytotoxicity, generating multiple damaged chromosomes, in contrast to the insignificant consequences of its broken-down metabolites. The study also optimized the different kinetic parameters for TCS-specific biodegradation and Pseudomonas sp. MS45-specific growth. The biodegradation pattern followed the Michaelis-Menten model with a maximum specific biodegradation rate (Vmax) of 0.01 µmole h-1 mg cell protein-1 and a half saturation constant (Ks) of 21.98 µM. The growth pattern followed the Haldane model with a maximum specific growth rate (µmax) of 0.03 h-1, half saturation constant (Ks) of 4.56 µM, and TCS inhibition constant (Ki) of 32.81 µM. In addition to its TCS-degrading ability, Pseudomonas sp. MS45 also possesses various plant growth promotion traits, and it was incorporated into two solid carrier formulations: vermiculite and rice bran. The study found that vermiculite, especially with PEG, was the most consistent formulation for Pseudomonas sp. MS45, in terms of maintaining bacterial survival and TCS-degrading ability. This study marks the initial report on the biodegradation and formulation of TCS-destroying and Plant-Growth-Promoting (PGP) Pseudomonas sp. MS45, offering promising implications for environmental and agricultural applications.
All-optical manipulation of bandgap dynamics via coherent phonons
Authors: Zhang Jicai , Tran Tien-Dat , Wang Ziwen , Yu Wenhao , Zhang Chong , Lo Marcus , Xu Wenqi , Luu Tran Trung 
Published: October 2024

The ability to actively and dynamically control electronic states at ultrafast timescales opens up a wide range of potential applications across optoelectronics, quantum computing and sensing, energy conversion and storage, etc. Yet, achieving dynamic electronic manipulation via coherent phonons has posed a considerable challenge. Here, employing time-resolved high-harmonic generation (tr-HHG) spectroscopy, we demonstrate the manipulation of bandgap dynamics in a BaF2 crystal by coherent phonons. The tr-HHG spectrum perturbed by a triply degenerate phonon mode T2g exhibits simultaneously a remarkable two-dimensional (2D) sensitivity, i.e., in both intensity and energy domains. The dynamic compression and enhancement of the harmonics in the intensity domain showed a π/2 phase shift compared to the manifestation of shifts of the harmonics in the energy domain, an astounding example of a physical phenomenon being observed simultaneously in two different perspectives. We employed a quantum model incorporating the electron–phonon coupling to complement our experimental observations, successfully reproducing the results. In addition, we demonstrated complete control over the strength and initial phase of the coherent phonon oscillations by varying the incident electric field polarizations across different crystal orientations. Our findings lay a foundation for engineering the electronic structure through coherent phonons within the terahertz frequency and picosecond to nanosecond time regimes.
Uncovering intersecting stigmas experienced by people affected by podoconiosis in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda
Authors: Bikorimana Jean Paul , Davey Gail , Mukabera Josephine , Shahaduz Zaman , Mugume Peter J. , Nahar Papreen 
Published: October 2024

Background
Podoconiosis is a stigmatising neglected tropical condition, but the nature of podoconiosis stigma has not been fully explored. There is a growing understanding that the experience of stigma is intersectional, yet no research has been done on this matter in relation to podoconiosis. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of podoconiosis-related stigma by illustrating how multiple individuals’ positionalities intersect to shape the experience of stigma due to podoconiosis.

Methods
We used qualitative research to explore the experience of stigma among people affected by podoconiosis. Data were gathered using participant observation, interviews, focus group discussions and participatory methods. A total of 59 participants, including patients, local leaders, community health workers, and family members, were purposively selected to participate in this study.

Findings
We identified three features in which stigma related to podoconiosis was grounded. These were bodily deformation, illness contamination and bodily weakness. The experience of stigma was shaped by the convergence of multiple individual positionalities and identities. Social positionalities and identities based on socio-economic, gender, age and illness status intersected to shape podoconiosis stigma.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that the experience of stigma due to podoconiosis is intersectional, going beyond biological features of podoconiosis. The stigma experienced by affected individuals is complex, and shaped by the convergence of social structures and many individual identities such as socio-economic status, gender, disability and age. This understanding is crucial to analysing stigma related to podoconiosis, or other NTDs, and for designing interventions that address stigma that arise from biological aspects of disease and social factors simultaneously. Such holistic interventions can significantly improve the well-being of those affected by podoconiosis.
Correlation of dietary flavonoid intake with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma in U.S. adults: A large, national, cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Mengshi , Ding Qin 
Published: October 2024

Objective
To explore the relationship between dietary flavonoids and bronchitis, emphysema and asthma.

Method
A total of 11743 United States adults were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007–2008, 2009–2010 and 2017–2018. Of these, 47.7% were male and 52.3% female. Dietary flavonoid intake assessed using FDNNS and 24-hour dietary recall data. Inclusion of demographics (gender, age, education, family income), behavioral factors (BMI, smoking, drinking status, diet), chronic disease information (diabetes, hypertension) as covariates to eliminate confounding. Stepwise logistic regression was used to analyze the association between total dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of chronic respiratory disease. Weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) was used to analyze the association between 29 dietary flavonoids and the risk of chronic respiratory disease. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and risk of chronic respiratory disease.

Results
Stepwise logistic regression results showed that higher flavonoid intake in men was associated with a lower risk of CB and asthma (OR of CB: 0.55(0.31–0.97); OR of asthma: 0.72(0.52–0.99)), and WQS results showed a mixed health effect for total flavonoids and chronic respiratory tract in response to the 29 flavonoid fractions (OR of asthma: 0.97(0.94–0.99); OR of emphysema: 0.95(0.90–0.99)). Glycitein had the highest health contribution of 26.2% for emphysema; Eriodictyol had the highest health contribution of 32.13% for asthma, respectively. The RCS showed a dose-response relationship between flavonoids and respiratory tract health. The maximum dose for ingesting flavonoids to gain respiratory health benefits is 1500 mg/d.

Conclusion
Higher dietary flavonoid intake was associated with lower chronic respiratory risk in adult U.S. men. Also 29 dietary flavonoid components have an overall health effect on respiratory health. Glycitein and Eriodictyol may have potential health effects on the respiratory system. 1500 mg/day may be the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of dietary flavonoids for respiratory health in U.S. adults.
Clinical and psychoemotional characteristics of patients with medication overuse headache
Authors: Guziy E. A. , Sergeev A. V. , Tabeeva G. R. 
Published: October 2024

The available data indicate the important role of personality profile, psychoemotional disorders and psychosocial aspects in the development and maintenance of medication overuse headache (MOH). It is therefore important to identify predictors for the development and factors that influence the course and prognosis of treatment for this disorder.Objective: to analyze the clinical and psychological profile of patients and to identify predictors of the course of MOH in order to develop a prognostic model.Material and methods. We performed a comparative analysis of the characteristics of 117 patients with MOH (group 1) and 23 patients with chronic migraine (CM) without MOH (group 2) using clinical data and questionnaire data to determine the neuropsychological profile (PCS, Spielberger-Khanin Anxiety Scale, PHQ-9, BIS-11, TAS-26, SAGE test, Leeds Dependence Questionnaire – LDQ) at the time of admission to hospital and 9 months after the start of treatment.Results. The study showed that 100% of patients with CM and MOH had various psychoemotional disorders. At the same time, the pre-therapy baseline indicators for the level of personal anxiety, pain catastrophizing scales, impulsive behavior, alexithymia and LDQ parameters were significantly higher in the group of patients with CM and MOH than in the group with CM without excessive analgesic use. Using multiple linear regression, it was found that an increase in the severity of depression by 1 point is significantly associated with an increase in the number of days with headache (HA) by 0.33 days per month. In addition, a significant direct correlation was found between the degree of addiction according to LDQ and the extent of pain catastrophizing and situational anxiety, as well as the level of cognitive functions (according to the SAGE questionnaire) in an inverse relationship. At the same time, the frequency of analgesics use per day in the group of patients with CM and MOH is significantly related to the level of pain catastrophizing, depression and personal anxiety.Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the biobehavioral concept of MOH development. Effective therapy of the primary form of HA (in our study – CM) is significantly associated with a decrease in the severity of anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and the frequency of taking analgesics. Personality traits, especially the tendency to impulsive behavior, remain unchanged against the background of chronic HA treatment. The presented results emphasize the need for complex treatment of patients with CM and MOH.
GASTRODIPLOMASI: STRATEGI INDONESIA DALAM MEMBANGUN NATION BRANDING DI KANCAH INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Al Ghafiqi Ashabil Firdaus 
Published: October 2024

Hal yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini adalah keadaan dunia internasional yang semakin kompleks telah menyebabkan perlu adanya improvisasi dalam berdiplomasi antar negara. Salah satu cara yang dewasa ini dapat dilakukan adalah gastrodiplomacy. Sebuah seni diplomasi yang memanfaatkan budaya kuliner negara untuk digunakan sebagai alat peningkatan citra negara (nation branding). Masalah yang muncul : Bagaimana strategi gastrodiplomasi Indonesia dalam membangun nation branding di kancah internasional? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai potensi kuliner yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Negara Indonesia dalam rangka meningkatkan citra negara. Selain itu, untuk menganalisis pengaplikasian strategi nation branding yang dapat dilakukan Indonesia untuk meningkatkan citra negara dengan menggunakan konsep gastrodiplomasi. Upaya menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep gastrodiplomasi yang kemudian diperdalam dengan menggunakan konsep nation branding dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan S.W.O.T. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Negara Indonesia telah menjalankan berbagai strategi yang di dalamnya mengandung unsur-unsur dari dimensi nation branding. Gatrodiplomasi sendiri dilaksanakan karena dirasa menjadi strategi yang cocok untuk mengenalkan budaya Bangsa Indonesia ke seluruh dunia. Dalam keberjalanan gastrodiplomasi, Indonesia sudah melakukan berbagai strategi gastrodiplomasi di mana terdapat unsur-unsur nation branding yang terkandung di dalam keberjalanan strategi Indonesia. Disarankan adanya penelitian-penelitian lanjutan mengenai bagaimana strategi-strategi lain dalam meningkatkan nation branding suatu negara dan bagaimana pengaruh dari nation branding itu sendiri.
Implementation of a bundle to improve diagnosis in hospitalized patients: lessons learned
Authors: Gupta Ashwin , Quinn Martha , Greene M. Todd , Fowler Karen E. , Chopra Vineet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The inpatient setting is a challenging clinical environment where systems and situational factors predispose clinicians to making diagnostic errors. Environmental complexities limit trialing of interventions to improve diagnostic error in active inpatient clinical settings. Informed by prior work, we piloted a multi-component intervention designed to reduce diagnostic error to understand its feasibility and uptake.

Methods
From September 2018 to June 2019, we conducted a prospective, pre-test/post-test pilot study of hospital medicine physicians during admitting shifts at a tertiary-care, academic medical center. Optional intervention components included use of dedicated workspaces, privacy barriers, noise cancelling headphones, application-based breathing exercises, a differential diagnosis expander application, and a checklist to enable a diagnostic pause. Participants rated their confidence in patient diagnoses and completed a survey on intervention component use. Data on provider resource utilization and patient diagnoses were collected, and qualitative interviews were held with a subset of participants in order to better understand experience with the intervention.

Results
Data from 37 physicians and 160 patients were included. No intervention component was utilized by more than 50 % of providers, and no differences were noted in diagnostic confidence or number of diagnoses documented pre- vs. post-intervention. Lab utilization increased, but there were no other differences in resource utilization during the intervention. Qualitative feedback highlighted workflow integration challenges, among others, for poor intervention uptake.

Conclusions
Our pilot study demonstrated poor feasibility and uptake of an intervention designed to reduce diagnostic error. This study highlights the unique challenges of implementing solutions within busy clinical environments.
Testing the thermal performance of water cooling towers
Authors: El-Morshedy Salah El-Din , Shouman Loula 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The essential service water system (ESWS) in nuclear power plants circulates the water that cools fan coolers, cooling water heat exchangers, and condensers and other components before dissipating the heat into the environment. Because this includes cooling the systems that remove decay heat from both the primary system and the spent fuel rod cooling ponds, the ESWS is a safety-critical system. In locations without a large body of water in which to dissipate the heat, water is recirculated via a cooling tower. Cooling towers fall into two main categories: Natural draft and Mechanical draft. Since, the mechanical draft cooling towers are much more widely used; the focus is on them in this work to measure its performance. Therefore; the present work addresses the thermal acceptance test for mechanical draft water cooling tower in order to determine its thermal capability in accordance with the cooling technology institute (CTI) code recommendations. Both the Characteristic Curve and the Performance Curve Methods are used. A detailed description of the test procedure according to the CTI ATC-105 test code is presented, and the test code is applied on the Egypt second research reactor (ETRR-2) cooling tower as a case study. All the instruments used in the reactor plant are calibrated prior the test and the measured data is collected at regular intervals according to the code recommendations. The test result shows a tower capability of about 105 % and so the tower is thermally accepted.
Crystal structure of tetrachlorido-bis(1-[(1H-triazole-1-yl)methyl]-1H-benzotriazole-κ2
N:N′)dicopper, C36H32Cu2N24Cl4
Authors: Bai Tongyu , Li Hanbing , Cao Mengmeng , Wang Xia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
C36H32Cu2N24Cl4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.6099(4) Å, b = 8.13871(18) Å, c = 14.8084(3) Å, β = 91.6878(19)°, Z = 2, V = 2,121.45(8) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0549, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1597, T = 293(2) K.