bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Removal of Effluent‐borne Nitrogen with Multiple External Electron Donors in the Engineered Drainfield of an Advanced Septic System
Authors: De Mriganka , Toor Gurpal S. 
Published: October 2016

Septic systems can be a major source of nitrogen (N) in shallow groundwater. We designed an in situ engineered drainfield with aerobic–anaerobic (sand–woodchips) and anaerobic (elemental sulfur–oyster shell) media to remove N in the vadose zone and reduce N transport to groundwater. Effluent was dispersed on top of the engineered drainfield (3.72 m2 infiltrative surface) and then infiltrated through the aerobic–anaerobic and anaerobic media before reaching natural soil. Water samples were collected over 64 sampling events (May 2012–December 2013) from three parts of the drainfield: (i) a suction cup lysimeter installed at the sand–woodchips interface, (ii) a pipe after effluent passed through the aerobic–anaerobic media, and (iii) a tank containing anaerobic media. In the effluent, most of the total N (66 mg L1) was present as NH4–N (88.8%), whereas at the sand–woodchips interface the dominant N form was NOx–N (31 mg L−1; 85% of total N). As the effluent passed through the aerobic–anaerobic media in the drainfield, heterotrophic denitrification reduced NOx–N to 5.4 mg L−1. In the tank containing anaerobic media, autotrophic denitrification, facilitated by elemental sulfur, further reduced NOx–N to 1 mg L−1. Overall, 90% of total added N was removed as the effluent passed through the aerobic–anaerobic and anaerobic media within the engineered drainfield. We conclude that the use of multiple electron donors from external media (sand–woodchips and elemental sulfur–oyster shell) was effective at removing N in the engineered drainfield and will reduce the risk of groundwater N contamination from septic systems in areas with shallow groundwater.Core Ideas
An in situ advanced septic system drainfield was designed to attenuate N.
More than 90% of total N was removed within the drainfield.
Heterotrophic denitrification in the drainfield removed ∼84% of total N.
Autotrophic denitrification in the drainfield removed additional ∼6% of total N.
Engineered drainfield was effective at preventing groundwater contamination.
Misplacement of central venous catheter into the left internal mammary vein
Authors: Mon Wint , Boyle Henry , Thoburn Charles 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCentral venous catheter insertion is a commonly performed procedure in anaesthesia and critical care in order to assist fluid management and to allow administration of intravenous medications. Central venous catheter misplacement can occur, even in expert hands, despite the widespread use of ultrasound guidance. In this case report, we describe central venous catheter misplacement into the left internal mammary vein and subsequent patient management.
Influenza equina: revisão de literatura
Authors: Galhardo Juliana Arena , Menezes Daniely Coelho de , Oliveira Nathalia Guedes de 
Published: October 2016

Equine influenzavirus (EIV) is considered one of the major infectious agents causing respiratory outbreaks in horses in Brazil and worldwide. EIV is classified into two subtypes, H3N8 is widespread in horse population and subtype H7N7, despite being possibly detected by serological methods, is considered extinct or circulating at low levels of prevalence. The disease presents short incubation period, about 48 hours, and recovery of up to three weeks. Equine influenza is mainly characterized by high morbidity and low mortality and clinical signs vary from mild to severe, depending on the immune status of the animal, which may occur due to worsening of secondary bacterial infections. Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the disease. It is important for the differential diagnosis mainly Rodococcus equi and Streptococcus equi. Basic therapy is supportive, including the isolation of symptomatic animals. Prophylactic measures are used as methods of health management associated with vaccination.
Independent and Affiliated Analysts: Disciplining and Herding
Authors: Xue Hao 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The paper investigates strategic interactions between an independent analyst and an affiliated analyst in the context of issuing stock recommendations. Compared to the independent analyst, the affiliated analyst has superior information, but faces a conflict of interest. I show that the independent analyst disciplines the affiliated analyst's biased forecasting behavior. Meanwhile, the independent analyst sometimes herds with the affiliated analyst to improve his recommendation accuracy. Because of the affiliated analyst's conflict of interest, the value the independent analyst expects to derive from his ex post herding option is endogenous and can motivate him to acquire more information up front. As a result, herding and disciplining not only coexist, but also mutually reinforce each other. That is, there is an endogenous complementarity between the independent analyst's ex ante disciplining role and his ex post herding behavior in equilibrium.
What is Economic Income for Corporate Taxation?
Authors: Costello Darcie M. , Sanders Debra L. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The economic income concept is relevant to numerous corporate tax issues, yet it is not clearly defined. It does not equate to taxable income or financial accounting retained earnings. The concept is required for earnings and profits, accumulated earnings and personal holding company penalty taxes, alternative minimum tax, and adjusted current earnings adjustment. However, it is defined differently under each provision. This complexity is inefficient. This article offers suggestions to improve tax law as it relates to economic income. A uniformly defined measure of economic income, earnings and profits, would be the starting point for all related tax measures, with appropriate adjustments that are consistent with the intent of tax measures. The resulting computation should be codified and provide comprehensive guidance for analysis in one source. Thus, earnings and profits becomes the platform for other provisions that require an economic income proxy, with necessary adjustments to meet specific policy objectives.
Effects of Liraglutide on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Kumarathurai Preman , Anholm Christian , Larsen Bjørn S. , Olsen Rasmus Huan , Madsbad Sten , Kristiansen Ole , Nielsen Olav W. , Haugaard Steen B. , Sajadieh Ahmad 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and increased heart rate (HR) have been associated with cardiovascular mortality. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) increase HR, and studies have suggested that they may reduce HRV. We examined the effect of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide on HRV and diurnal variation of HR in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Liraglutide or placebo was administrated to a backbone therapy of metformin in this double-blind, placebo-controlled 12 + 12–week crossover study. SD of beat-to-beat (NN) intervals (SDNN) was assessed by 24-h Holter monitoring as a measure of HRV. Diurnal HR variation and sympathovagal balance analyzed by root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in NN intervals and high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) power were assessed.

RESULTS
Compared with placebo, liraglutide decreased SDNN in 27 subjects (−33.9 ms; P &lt; 0.001, paired analysis); decreased RMSSD (−0.3 log-ms; P = 0.025); and increased the mean HR (8.1 beats/min; P = 0.003), daytime HR (5.7; P = 0.083), and nighttime HR (6.3; P = 0.026). In a multivariable regression analysis, the decrease in SDNN remained significant after adjustment for metabolic and HR changes. Liraglutide reduced HF power (−0.7 log-ms2; P = 0.026) without any change in LF/HF ratio.

CONCLUSIONS
In overweight patients with CAD and newly diagnosed T2D, liraglutide increased HR and reduced HRV despite significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic parameters. The increase in nightly HR in conjunction with a decrease in parameters of parasympathetic activity suggests that liraglutide may affect sympathovagal balance.
Assessing the Efficacy of a Group Mediated Nutritional Knowledge Intervention for Individuals with Obesity
Authors: Miedema Baukje , Bowes Andrea , Hamilton Ryan , Reading Stacey 
Published: October 2016

Purpose: This study reports on the effect of a group-based nutrition and physical activity intervention program on nutrition knowledge and eating habits in a cohort of people with obesity. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test measures. The intervention consisted of physical activity led by certified exercise physiologists and a nutritional education component led by registered dietitians over a 6-month period followed by 6 months of self-management. Participants’ nutrition knowledge and eating habits were assessed using the modified Nutrition Assessment, the Nutrition Knowledge Survey, and the Food Choice Questionnaires at baseline, after the 6-month intervention, and after 6 months of self-management. Results: Complete data were available for 59 (40%) of participants after 12 months because of attrition. Nutritional knowledge and behaviours improved. Participants reported increasing their consumption of healthy foods during the active intervention and maintained these changes through the self-management phase. Knowledge of healthy foods was improved and a greater likelihood of choosing food for weight control and health properties was reported. Conclusions: Knowledge and reported consumption of healthier nutrition improved during the active intervention and was maintained during the self-management period for individuals who completed the program. Registered dietitians can play an important role in managing patients with obesity in group settings.
One-stage revision of an infected cementless total hip replacement
Authors: Ficklin Michael , Kowaleski Michael , Kunkel Kevin , Suber Jonathan 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA two-year-old, 44 kg dog with a right Helica cementless total hip replacement (THR) was radiographically diagnosed with implant loosening eight months after the index total hip replacement procedure. Subsequent synoviocentesis and synovial fluid culture revealed a methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp infection of the right THR. A one-stage revision using a hybrid BFX cementless acetabular cup and CFX cemented femoral stem was performed. Vancomycin and micro-silver antimicrobial powder impregnated cement were used in the revision. At re-evaluation 27 months following the revision procedure, the patient did not exhibit any signs of lameness. Radiographic images confirmed stable implants, with bone ingrowth into the cup and no signs of implant loosening. Our report demonstrates the success of a one-stage THR revision when faced with a multi-drug resistant periprosthetic infection, when combined with the use of micro-silver antimicrobial powder and culture-based antibiotic impregnated cement therapy.
THE EFFECTS OF THE IONOSPHERE ON GROUND-BASED DETECTION OF THE GLOBAL 21 cm SIGNAL FROM THE COSMIC DAWN AND THE DARK AGES
Authors: Datta Abhirup , Bradley Richard , Burns Jack O. , Harker Geraint , Komjathy Attila , Lazio T. Joseph W. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Detection of the global H i 21 cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization is the key science driver for several ongoing ground-based and future ground-/space-based experiments. The crucial spectral features in the global 21 cm signal (turning points) occur at low radio frequencies

. In addition to the human-generated radio frequency interference, Earth’s ionosphere drastically corrupts low-frequency radio observations from the ground. In this paper, we examine the effects of time-varying ionospheric refraction, absorption, and thermal emission at these low radio frequencies and their combined effect on any ground-based global 21 cm experiment. It should be noted that this is the first study of the effect of a dynamic ionosphere on global 21 cm experiments. The fluctuations in the ionosphere are influenced by solar activity with flicker noise characteristics. The same characteristics are reflected in the ionospheric corruption to any radio signal passing through the ionosphere. As a result, any ground-based observations of the faint global 21 cm signal are corrupted by flicker noise (or

noise, where f is the dynamical frequency) which scales as

(where ν is the frequency of radio observation) in the presence of a bright galactic foreground (

, where s is the radio spectral index). Hence, the calibration of the ionosphere for any such experiment is critical. Any attempt to calibrate the ionospheric effects will be subject to the inaccuracies in the current ionospheric measurements using Global Positioning System (GPS) ionospheric measurements, riometer measurements, ionospheric soundings, etc. Even considering an optimistic improvement in the accuracy of GPS–total electron content measurements, we conclude that Earth’s ionosphere poses a significant challenge in the absolute detection of the global 21 cm signal below 100 MHz.
DISCOVERY OF A HOT CORINO IN THE BOK GLOBULE B335
Authors: Imai Muneaki , Sakai Nami , Oya Yoko , López-Sepulcre Ana , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Lefloch Bertrand , Caux Emmanuel , Vastel Charlotte , Kahane Claudine , Sakai Takeshi , Hirota Tomoya , Aikawa Yuri , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first evidence of a hot corino in a Bok globule. This is based on ALMA observations in the 1.2 mm band toward the low-mass Class 0 protostar IRAS 19347+0727 in B335. Saturated complex organic molecules (COMs), CH3CHO, HCOOCH3, and NH2CHO, are detected in a compact region within a few 10 au around the protostar. Additionally, CH3OCH3, C2H5OH, C2H5CN, and CH3COCH3 are tentatively detected. Carbon-chain related molecules, CCH and c-C3H2, are also found in this source, whose distributions are extended over a scale of a few 100 au. On the other hand, sulfur-bearing molecules CS, SO, and SO2 have both compact and extended components. Fractional abundances of the COMs relative to H2 are found to be comparable to those in known hot corino sources. Though the COMs lines are as broad as 5–8 km s−1, they do not show obvious rotation motion in the present observation. Thus, the COMs mainly exist in a structure whose distribution is much smaller than the synthesized beam (0.″58 × 0.″52).
La présentation poétique
Authors: Gallet Olivier 
Published: October 2016

Au point d’articulation entre réflexion théorique et pratique poétique, la « présentation », notion et effet, permet de scruter la mise en cohérence des deux plans chez Reverdy, et d’interroger la consistance d’un concept qui paraît avant tout critique, au sens où il permet de prendre ses distances avec la « représentation » sous ses diverses formes. Par-delà l’examen critique de la notion, l’étude du sort du recueil Le Cadran quadrillé permet ensuite de mettre à nu les fondements de cette poétique de la présentation.
« Vertige de la proximité » : Pierre Reverdy et Jacques Dupin
Authors: Hugotte Valéry 
Published: October 2016

Entre Reverdy et J. Dupin, la proximité poétique se perçoit à même les textes dans un imaginaire partagé, au carrefour de motifs comme le mur ou la pierre, ou encore à travers des traits poétiques communs – usage des blancs, pouvoir accordé au négatif. Mais à partir de déclarations, et des hommages à son aîné réunis dans M’introduire dans ton histoire , se laisse aussi entrevoir le rôle paradoxal réservé à l’anecdotique dans le rapport de J. Dupin à une œuvre dont il a fréquenté l’auteur : c’est l’absence, qu’il peut vérifier, du moi biographique de Reverdy dans ses poèmes qui leur donne à ses yeux une valeur accrue et nouvelle.
Reverdy, le « vieillard de treize ans » et la porte de la poésie
Authors: Tudal Antoine 
Published: October 2016

Antoine Tudal retrace les circonstances étonnantes dans lesquelles, à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, alors âgé de treize ans seulement et vivant chez son beau-père Nicolas de Staël, il fut introduit en poésie par Reverdy. L’auteur de La Lucarne ovale ayant entendu parler de ses talents précoces, lui donna la possibilité de publier ses poèmes sous le titre Souspente, rédigea pour lui une préface intitulée « La Fonction du portier », et convainquit Braque de l’illustrer. Antoine Tudal livre avec ce récit de vocation une évocation de Reverdy au sortir de la guerre et de l’amitié jamais démentie du poète avec les maîtres du cubisme.
Optimising design and effort for environmental surveys using dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Tocco Claudia , Quinn Danielle E.A. , Midgley John M. , Villet Martin H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn biological monitoring, deploying an effective standardised quantitative sampling method, optimised by trap design and sampling effort, is an essential consideration. To exemplify this using dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) communities, three pitfall trap designs (un-baited (TN), baited at ground level (flat trap, TF), and baited above the trap (hanging trap, TH)), employed with varying levels of sampling effort (number of traps=1, 2, 3 … 10; number of days=1, 2, 3), were evaluated for sampling completeness and efficiency in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Modelling and resampling simulation approaches were used to suggest optimal sampling protocols across environmentally diverse sites. Overall, TF recovered the greatest abundance and species richness of dung beetles, but behavioural guilds showed conflicting trends: endocoprids preferred TH while paracoprids and telocoprids preferred TF. Resampling simulation of trap type and the two components of sampling effort suggested that six TF traps left for three days was most efficient in obtaining a representative sample and allowed differentiation between trap types, allowing the improved efficiency to be recognised. The effect of trap type on non-target specimens, particularly ants, was also investigated. TF and TH caught almost no by-catch, which is ethically desirable.
HIV-1 Nef Impairs the Formation of Calcium Membrane Territories Controlling the Signaling Nanoarchitecture at the Immunological Synapse
Authors: Silva Joana G. , Martins Nuno P. , Henriques Ricardo , Soares Helena 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The ability of HIV-1 to replicate and to establish long-term reservoirs is strongly influenced by T cell activation. Through the use of membrane-tethered, genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicators, we were able to detect for the first time, to our knowledge, the formation of Ca2+ territories and determine their role in coordinating the functional signaling nanostructure of the synaptic membrane. Consequently, we report a previously unknown immune subversion mechanism involving HIV-1 exploitation, through its Nef accessory protein, of the interconnectivity among three evolutionarily conserved cellular processes: vesicle traffic, signaling compartmentalization, and the second messenger Ca2+. We found that HIV-1 Nef specifically associates with the traffic regulators MAL and Rab11b compelling the vesicular accumulation of Lck. Through its association with MAL and Rab11b, Nef co-opts Lck switchlike function driving the formation Ca2+ membrane territories, which, in turn, control the fusion of LAT-transporting Rab27 and Rab37 vesicles and the formation of LAT nanoclusters at the immunological synapse. Consequently, HIV-1 Nef disengages TCR triggering from the generation of p-LAT and p-SLP nanoclusters driving TCR signal amplification and diversification. Altogether our results indicate that HIV-1 exploits the interconnectivity among vesicle traffic, Ca2+ membrane territories, and signaling nanoclusters to modulate T cell signaling and function.
Astym Therapy Improves Bilateral Hamstring Flexibility and Achilles Tendinopathy in a Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Case Report
Authors: Scheer Nicole A. , Alstat Lucas R. , Van Zant Robert S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose The purpose of this case report was to describe the use of Astym therapy to improve hamstring flexibility and Achilles tendinopathy in a child with cerebral palsy. Case Description An eight-year-old female with cerebral palsy was referred to physical therapy for the treatment of bilateral hamstring inflexibility and Achilles tendinopathy. Treatment focused on an Astym therapy protocol of eccentric exercise, stretching, active and passive range of motion, gait training, and a home exercise program. The patient underwent a total of 11 physical therapy treatment sessions. Outcomes At the conclusion of treatment, the patient demonstrated improved resting muscle tone in bilateral lower extremities with active 90/90 hamstring flexibility measured at 165° and ankle dorsiflexion active range of motion of 5° without pain at 0° and 90° knee flexion. The patient exhibited an improved gait pattern with even stride length and diminished genu recurvatum, decreased pain with standing and walking, discontinued use of ankle–foot orthoses, and improved activity tolerance and overall function for daily activities. Discussion The results of this case report indicate that physical therapy rehabilitation utilizing an Astym therapy protocol can successfully achieve gains in flexibility and strength and allow for improved function of bilateral lower extremities in a patient with cerebral palsy. Conclusion Based on the findings of this case report, clinicians should consider the use of Astym therapy in treating musculoskeletal soft tissue dysfunction in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy.
A Validated Capillary Electrophoretic Method for the Determination of Olopatadine and Its Application to a Pharmaceutical Preparation of Eye Drops
Authors: Güray Tufan , Turan Tugba , Tunçel Muzaffer , Uysal Ulku Dilek 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A validated rapid and sensitive capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of olopatadine hydrochloride (OLO) is described. Optimum conditions were found: 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate buffer, acetonitrile 15% (v/v), 10 mmol/L NaCl at pH 9.5, with 25 kV of applied potential, injection time of 10 s at 5 × 103 N/m2, at a wavelength of 205 nm, and fixed temperature of 30°C. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.13 × 10−5 mol/L (4.22 μg/mL) to 5.65 × 10−5 mol/L (21.12 μg/mL), with R = 0.9995 for interday precision. LOD and LOQ values were 1.58 × 10−6 (0.58 μg/mL) and 4.78 × 10−6 mol/L (1.75 μg/mL), respectively. Precision values were 1.10–1.97% for intraday and 1.41% for interday RSDs. Accuracy was tested by preparing a synthetic mixture whose composition was similar to the pharmaceutical preparationfor Patanol. The RSDs of the recovery values (98.2%) were between 0.42 and 0.65% and the amount of OLO found was 1.09 mg/mL. The result was within the requirements of USP 31-NF 26. Therefore, this validated method is suggested for routine analysis for the determination of OLO in laboratories.