bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate warming effects in the tropical Andes: first evidence for upslope shifts of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Ecuador
Authors: Moret Pierre , Aráuz María de los Ángeles , Gobbi Mauro , Barragán Álvaro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

In order to assess the impact of global warming on the biodiversity of the tropical high Andean páramo ecosystem, we compared historical and recent surveys of ground beetle communities along elevational gradients of the Pichincha volcano (Northern Ecuador). The studied datasets date to 1880, 1985/86 and 2013/15.

From 1880 to 1985, the bottom range of at least one stenotopic and wingless high‐altitude species, Dyscolus diopsis, has shifted approximately 300 m upward, with the resulting area reduction of more than 90% from >12 km2 to <1 km2, which highlights the probability of future local extinctions on the Pichincha as well as on other mountains of Ecuador.

Over a shorter period of time, the comparison of the 1985/86 and 2013/14 datasets indicates that the lower limit of the superpáramo ground beetle community has shifted upwards from circa 4300 m to circa 4400 m. Different individual responses are recorded among the species. Some of them did not experience any significant change, whereas the upper limit of one of the grassland generalists has shifted upwards at least 400 m in 28 years.

These results suggest that the response to global warming varies from one species to the other, depending on their degree of specialisation and tolerance. They call for the implementation of a monitoring programme that would use carabid assemblages as an indicator of the impact of climate change on the páramo ecosystem, in combination with other proxies.
Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis: countries with increased risk for travelers going to neotropic areas
Authors: Villalobos Guiehdani , Vega‐Memije Maria Elisa , Maravilla Pablo , Martinez‐Hernandez Fernando 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHere, we review the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), which belongs to a group of Diptera generically known as “myiasis‐causing flies,” characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. In addition to its medical and economic importance, there is an academic interest in this botfly because of its peculiar biology, particularly because a phoretic diptera is needed to complete the life cycle. The larvae penetrate the host's skin, causing furuncle‐like lesions that are pruritic, painful, and resemble subcutaneous nodules, producing irreversible perforations in the skin. Although D. hominis is distributed from Mexico to Argentina, a review performed by our working group from 1999 to 2015 determined that the countries with the highest infection rates in travelers are Belize, Bolivia, and Brazil. Interestingly, infected men show a higher variation in the distribution of the lesions than in women. Many treatment schemes have been suggested, including the application of highly dense liquids to the lesion to cause anoxia in the D. hominis larvae. We showed, for the first time, a Bayesian inference between D. hominis and other myiasis‐causing flies. The flies grouped into two main clusters according to their capacity to produce facultative and obligatory myiasis, and D. hominis was phylogenetically close to Cuterebra spp.
First protein and peptide characterization of the tarsal adhesive secretions in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, and the Madagascar hissing cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa
Authors: Betz O. , Maurer A. , Verheyden A. N. , Schmitt C. , Kowalik T. , Braun J. , Grunwald I. , Hartwig A. , Neuenfeldt M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPeptides and proteins have been largely neglected in the analysis of insect tarsal adhesives. After extraction of the protein fraction of the tarsal secretion of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, and Madagascar hissing cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa, we combined Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) analyses for protein mass detection. In both these insects, SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed several protein bands ranging from 8–190 kDa in both the tarsal secretion and the tibia control sample. Two (S. gregaria) and one (G. portentosa) protein bands exclusively occurred in the tarsal secretion and can be considered to belong to peptides and proteins specific to this secretion. MALDI‐TOF analyses revealed 83 different proteins/peptides of 1–7 kDa in S. gregaria, and 48 of 1–11 kDa in G. portentosa. 59 (S. gregaria) and 27 (G. portentosa) proteins exclusively occurred in the tarsal secretion. In G. portentosa, a characteristic series of signal peaks occurred in the range of c. 10–12 kDa, each peak being approximately 160 Da apart. Such a pattern is indicative of proteins modified by glycosylation. Our approach demonstrates that extensive sampling involving considerable time and manpower to sample the adhesive fluid directly from the tarsi opens up a perspective for extracting peptides and proteins in sufficient quantities. This makes them accessible to the field of proteomics and thus to elucidate their possible function in the adhesive process.
Hemopoietic tissue volume is a heritable trait in the schistosome‐transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata
Authors: Sullivan John T. , Beltran Roxxana V. , Cruz Brandon C. , Manuel Rhea A. , White John K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe anterior pericardial wall or amebocyte‐producing organ (APO) is a site of hemocyte formation in the schistosome‐transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Histological sections of the APOs of adult schistosome‐resistant Salvador strain snails, and two schistosome‐susceptible M‐line strains, BRI‐M and USF‐M, showed qualitatively differing amounts of hemopoietic tissue (HT), with Salvador>BRI‐M>USF‐M. Adult Salvador snails also had a significantly higher concentration of hemocytes in the hemolymph than the two M‐Line strains. In juvenile snails of the same three strains, measurements of total APO HT volume confirmed the qualitative differences seen in adults, and differences between the three strains were statistically significant. Crosses between Salvador (large HT volume) and USF‐M (small HT volume) show that a large HT volume is dominant in juvenile F1s. Analysis of the distribution of HT volume among F2s shows it to be a quantitative trait. Although USF‐M juvenile F0s had a significantly lower APO HT volume than that of BRI‐M F0s, they had a significantly higher mitotic index, possibly as a compensatory mechanism. Salvador APO allografts maintained HT volume and mitotic activity equally well in USF‐M and Salvador recipients after 2 weeks, suggesting that the low HT volume in USF‐M snails may result from a developmental defect rather than a lack of HT‐supportive plasma factors.
Cardiotoxic heart failure in breast cancer survivors: a concept analysis
Authors: Harrison Jordan M. , Pressler Susan J. , Friese Christopher R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of cardiotoxic heart failure in breast cancer survivors.BackgroundDespite numerous studies describing cardiotoxic effects of breast cancer therapies, the literature lacks consistent terminology to describe cancer treatment‐induced heart failure, defined by the authors as ‘cardiotoxic heart failure’. Breast cancer survivors who develop heart failure may not fit existing conceptual models. A concept analysis of cardiotoxic heart failure in breast cancer survivors is needed to integrate previous research findings and establish the scientific foundation for future intervention research.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesAn integrative review (1999–2014) was conducted to examine aetiologies and risk factors for heart failure in female breast cancer survivors. Databases searched were CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EmBase, Medline and Scopus.MethodsWalker and Avant's method for concept analysis includes: select concept; determine purpose; identify uses; define attributes; identify model case; describe borderline, related and contrary cases; identify antecedents/consequences; define empirical referents.ResultsIn the literature, substantial variation was noted in terminology for breast cancer treatment‐induced cardiotoxicity. The authors define cardiotoxic heart failure in breast cancer survivors as chronic heart failure resulting from breast cancer treatment‐induced cardiotoxicity among women without pre‐existing heart failure diagnosis. No studies were found that described quality of life or tested interventions to preserve quality of life for this population.ConclusionProspective studies are needed to develop interventions for symptom management to improve quality of life in breast cancer survivors with heart failure. New conceptual paradigms may be needed to improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Paediatric International Nursing Study: using person‐centred key performance indicators to benchmark children's services
Authors: McCance Tanya , Wilson Val , Kornman Kelly 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of the Paediatric International Nursing Study was to explore the utility of key performance indicators in developing person‐centred practice across a range of services provided to sick children. The objective addressed in this paper was evaluating the use of these indicators to benchmark services internationally.BackgroundThis study builds on primary research, which produced indicators that were considered novel both in terms of their positive orientation and use in generating data that privileges the patient voice. This study extends this research through wider testing on an international platform within paediatrics.DesignThe overall methodological approach was a realistic evaluation used to evaluate the implementation of the key performance indicators, which combined an integrated development and evaluation methodology.MethodsThe study involved children's wards/hospitals in Australia (six sites across three states) and Europe (seven sites across four countries). Qualitative and quantitative methods were used during the implementation process, however, this paper reports the quantitative data only, which used survey, observations and documentary review.ResultsThe findings demonstrate the quality of care being delivered to children and their families across different international sites. The benchmarking does, however, highlight some differences between paediatric and general hospitals, and between the different key performance indicators across all the sites.ConclusionsThe findings support the use of the key performance indicators as a novel method to benchmark services internationally. Whilst the data collected across 20 paediatric sites suggest services are more similar than different, benchmarking illuminates variations that encourage a critical dialogue about what works and why.Relevance to clinical practiceThe transferability of the key performance indicators and measurement framework across different settings has significant implications for practice. The findings offer an approach to benchmarking and celebrating the successes within practice, while learning from partners across the globe in further developing person‐centred cultures.
Clomiphene citrate before and after withdrawal bleeding for induction of ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized cross‐over trial
Authors: Elbohoty Ahmed E.H. , Amer Mohamed , Abdelmoaz Mohamed 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the ovarian response to early versus late clomiphene citrate (CC) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsThis cross‐over randomized controlled clinical trial included 90 infertile amenorrheic women with PCOS. After inducing withdrawal bleeding, patients were randomly divided into two equal groups to receive ovulation induction with CC 100 mg/day for 5 days. Group I started treatment the next day after finishing medroxyprogesterone acetate course for a menstrual cycle, and after a washout period of another menstrual cycle, the treatment was shifted to start on day 2 of withdrawal bleeding. Group II received a reversed protocol: late then early treatment. Women were followed up on transvaginal ultrasonography to monitor follicular growth, endometrial thickness and evidence of ovulation. Human chorionic gonadotropin 10 000 IU was given i.m. to trigger ovulation when at least one mature follicle measured ≥18 mm at day 14.ResultsIn all cases, early induction protocol resulted in significantly higher proportion of ovulating patients, thicker endometrium and higher number of follicles 14–17 mm in diameter, ≥ 18 mm in diameter and total number of follicles (P < 0.001 for all comparisons).ConclusionIn women with PCOS, early initiation of CC before withdrawal bleeding or during the last days of the luteal phase can achieve a better ovulatory response.
Injection–Infiltration of Attached Grapefruit with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri to Evaluate Seasonal Population Dynamics in Citrus Canker Lesions
Authors: Graham James H. , Gerberich Kayla M. , Davis Craig L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo study population dynamics of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) in citrus canker lesions on fruit, a needle‐free injector was used for infiltration of bacterial inoculum into fruit in situ on mature ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees in Florida. Inoculations of Xcc at 105 colony‐forming units (cfu) per ml were conducted in 2012 and 2013 on attached fruit varying from 15 mm to 90 mm in diameter. Inoculations were repeated every 2–3 weeks until the fruit were no longer injectable. On fruit less than 40 mm in size, erumpent lesions formed within 2 weeks of inoculation and expanded 1–9 mm in diameter from 30 to 120 days postinoculation (dpi). Xcc populations in lesions were 6–8 log cfu per lesion at 30 dpi and maintained this population up to 90 dpi. By 120 dpi, Xcc populations declined 1–3 log units as rainfall and temperature decreased in September–October. Xcc populations declined to ~3 log cfu per lesion after 120 dpi in November 2012 and 2013, whereas the population resurged to 5 log cfu per lesion after 180 dpi in January–February 2014.
Inhibitory Action of Biofungicide Physcion on Initial and Secondary Infection of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Wang Na , Cai Mengling , Wang Xin , Xie Yaqiong , Ni Hanwen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRice blast, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive plant diseases in the world and a serious threat to global food security. Biofungicide physcion, extracted from roots of Chinese traditional herb rhubarb, has been commercialized to control cucumber powdery mildew (Podosphaera fuliginea) in China as a new active and environmentally‐friendly ingredient. This study investigated its bioactivity on rice blast and impact on the infection of M. oryzae. Physcion was effective on M. oryzae with 50% inhibition concentration of 18.19 mg/l on the fungus mycelium growth in vitro and provided 86 and 98% control efficacy in vivo at the concentrations of 40 and 60 mg/l, respectively. It inhibited the initial infection of M. oryzae by inhibiting growth of mycelia, the germination of conidia and the formation of appressoria. Moreover, it inhibited the secondary infection of the fungus at the concentration of 40 mg/l, but had no influence at the low concentrations of 1.25–20 mg/l. So physcion might be a promising natural plant extract that is worthy of being explored to apply on the control of rice blast.
Effects of Dietary Protein Source and Feeding Regime on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fatty Acids, and Quality Characteristics of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Fillets
Authors: Gai Francesco , Peiretti Pier Giorgio , Brugiapaglia Alberto , Gasco Laura 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary protein source and feeding regime (apparent satiation and rationed) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fatty acid (FA) profile, and fillet quality traits in rainbow trout. A stock of 1200 juvenile trout (mean weight 114.6 ± 0.2 g) were randomly distributed into 24 fiberglass tanks (four diets × three replications × two feeding regimes). The experimental diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic based on bacterial protein meal (BPM), pea protein concentrate (PPC), mixture thereof (MIX), and fish meal (FM), respectively. The feeding trial lasted 77 d with water temperature of 13 C. Statistical differences appeared among the diets only in terms of crude protein digestibility. Growth performance and somatic indexes were significantly affected by the diet, while only the condition factor was influenced by the feeding regime. None of the parameters appeared to be affected by the interaction effects. Differences appeared between the FA profiles of the dorsal muscle. Oleic, linoleic, α‐linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acid contents were influenced by diet, while only minor FAs were influenced by feeding regime. In conclusion, growth performance and nutrient digestibility resulted lower in fish fed BPM diet than other groups, while PPC group was similar to FM group.
Household food insecurity and child health
Authors: Schmeer Kammi K. , Piperata Barbara A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFood insecurity, the lack of consistent access to sufficient quality and quantity of food, affects an estimated 800 million people around the world. Although household food insecurity is generally associated with poor child nutrition and health in the USA, we know less about household food insecurity and child health in developing countries. Particularly lacking is research assessing how associations between household food insecurity and children's health outcomes may differ by child age and among children beyond age 5 years in low‐income settings. We use data from a population‐based sample of households with children ages 3–11 years (N = 431) in León, Nicaragua to consider how household food insecurity is associated with three measures of child health: illness, anaemia and low height‐for‐age. Our results provide new evidence that even mild household food insecurity is detrimental to children's health; and that child age conditions the associations between household food insecurity and child health. We find that food insecurity is especially harmful to health during early childhood, but continues to have significant associations with health into middle childhood (up to ages 7–8 years). We discuss the potential implications of these results for future child health research and policies in low‐income countries. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Assessment of the WHO Stunting Framework using Ethiopia as a case study
Authors: Wirth James P. , Rohner Fabian , Petry Nicolai , Onyango Adelheid W. , Matji Joan , Bailes Adam , de Onis Mercedes , Woodruff Bradley A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPoor linear growth in children <5 years old, or stunting, is a serious public health problem particularly in Sub‐Saharan Africa. In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a conceptual framework on the Context, Causes and Consequences of Childhood Stunting (the ‘WHO framework’) that identifies specific and general factors associated with stunting. The framework is based upon a global review of data, and we have applied it to a country‐level analysis where health and nutrition policies are made and public health and nutrition data are collected. We reviewed the literature related to sub‐optimal linear growth, stunting and birth outcomes in Ethiopia as a case study. We found consistent associations between poor linear growth and indicators of birth size, recent illness (e.g. diarrhoea and fever), maternal height and education. Other factors listed as causes in the framework such as inflammation, exposure to mycotoxins and inadequate feeding during and after illness have not been examined in Ethiopia, and the existing literature suggests that these are clear data gaps. Some factors associated with poor linear growth in Ethiopia are missing in the framework, such as household characteristics (e.g. exposure to indoor smoke). Examination of the factors included in the WHO framework in a country setting helps identifying data gaps helping to target further data collection and research efforts. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Resistance to root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in woody plants
Authors: Saucet Simon Bernard , Van Ghelder Cyril , Abad Pierre , Duval Henri , Esmenjaud Daniel 
Published: April 2016

SummaryRoot‐knot nematodes (RKNs) Meloidogyne spp. cause major damage to cultivated woody plants. Among them, Prunus, grapevine and coffee are the crops most infested by worldwide polyphagous species and species with a more limited distribution and/or narrower host range. The identification and characterization of natural sources of resistance are important steps to develop RKN control strategies. In woody crops, resistant rootstocks genetically different from the scion of agronomical interest may be engineered. We describe herein the interactions between RKNs and different woody crops, and highlight the plant species in which resistance and corresponding resistance (R) genes have been discovered. Even though grapevine and, to a lesser extent, coffee have a history of rootstock selection for RKN resistance, few cases of resistance have been documented. By contrast, in Prunus, R genes with different spectra have been mapped in plums, peach and almond and can be pyramided for durable resistance in interspecific rootstocks. We particularly discuss here the Ma Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor‐like‐nucleotide binding‐leucine‐rich repeat gene from Myrobalan plum, one of the longest plant R genes cloned to date, due to its unique biological and structural properties. RKN R genes in Prunus will enable us to carry out molecular studies aimed at improving our knowledge of plant immunity in woody plants.

Contents

Summary

I.
Introduction
42

II.
RKN species in woody plants
43

III.
Resistance in the genus Prunus
44

IV.
Resistance in grapevine
47

V.
Resistance in coffee
49

VI.
Resistance in other woody crops
50

VII.
Relationships between RKN resistance and diseases
50

VIII.
Towards a better understanding of NB-LRR (NLR) immunity in woody plants
50

IX.
Conclusion
52

Acknowledgements
52

References
52
Associations between parent–child relationship quality and obesogenic risk in adolescence: a systematic review of recent literature
Authors: Blewitt Claire , Bergmeier Heidi , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Olsson Craig A. , Skouteris Helen 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAdolescence is a period of significant cognitive, social and physiological change, presenting unique risk factors for weight gain. Childhood obesity research has traditionally focused on the influence of parent‐level factors on children's eating and weight status. Increasingly, emphasis is turning towards the reciprocal nature of the parent–child relationship and its influence on health behaviour. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the relationship between parent–child relationship quality (defined as the felt emotional bond between parent and child) and obesogenic risk (weight status, eating attitudes and behaviours, level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour) in adolescence; 26 papers were included in the review. The results neither support nor challenge an association between parent–child relationship quality and weight, with study design flaws and limited measurement of the parent–child relationship precluding robust conclusions. The review does however suggests that several aspects of the parent–child relationship are important in understanding eating attitudes and behaviours, including the felt emotional bond between the parent and child, the child's perception of how much the parent cares for them and the mother's sensitivity towards the child. The need for further longitudinal research into the association between parent–child relationship quality and obesity risk across this developmental period is discussed.