bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Are Successive Cohorts of Listed Firms Persistently Riskier?
Authors: Srivastava Anup , Tse Senyo Y. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPrior studies show that the risk level of each new cohort of listed firms is higher than its predecessor's. We find that these risk differences are persistent and investigate two potential explanations: (1) Each cohort adopts and retains operating innovations that are associated with higher risks, and (2) increasing numbers of younger and less‐experienced firms are represented in each new cohort. Our results support the first explanation. Each new cohort uses riskier production technologies and operates in more competitive product markets than its predecessor.
An audit of residual cancer burden reproducibility in a UK context
Authors: Naidoo Kalnisha , Parham David M , Pinder Sarah E 
Published: August 2016

AimsThe residual cancer burden score (RCB) is currently the preferred quantification tool for assessing residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer clinical trials. This has been shown to be highly reproducible at the MD Anderson Cancer Centre, where it was developed originally. We wanted to evaluate RCB in a UK context, where macroscopic handling of tissue may differ between sites.Methods and resultsThe pathology slides from 90 post‐NACT patients from Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and the Royal Bournemouth Hospital were reviewed independently by two specialist breast histopathologists who recalculated the RCB for each case. Data were collated and analysed statistically for interobserver reproducibility, for both numerical and categorical RCB. Overall, agreement between pathologists was ‘good’ [kappa = 0.775; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.668–0.882]. The overall concordance for continuous RCB score and for categorical RCB group was statistically significant (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.9497; 95% CI = 0.9235–0.9671; P < 0.0001 and Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.9145; 95% CI = 0.8712–0.9437; P < 0.0001, respectively). Discordance could not be attributed to any one component of the RCB calculation.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the RCB score is reproducible in a UK context. Further data comparing it to other quantification systems is required, however, before any superiority can be established.
Radiation dermatitis: an overview
Authors: Hegedus Fanni , Mathew Laju M. , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRadiation therapy has been a commonly employed modality for a variety of ailments, including cancer. Patients undergoing radiation often experience acute and/or chronic skin changes that can be detrimental to their quality of life. Many topical agents and specialized wound dressings are being used for the prevention and management of radiation‐induced skin changes. However, no single therapeutic option has been found to be consistently effective.
Quality of life outcomes associated with treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facial lipoatrophy
Authors: Kraus Christina N. , Chapman Lance W. , Korta Dorota Z. , Zachary Christopher B. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryFacial lipoatrophy (FLA), characterized by a decrease in facial volume, has a high prevalence in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection treated with long‐term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The social stigmatization that results from such changes in facial appearance has led some HIV patients to discontinue HAART. The use of fillers is one method of restoring facial volume. A critical outcome of treatment concerns the patient's quality of life (QoL). Although many studies have assessed patient satisfaction, as well as the social and psychological outcomes associated with the correction of HIV FLA, fewer studies have assessed QoL. We reviewed treatment options for HIV FLA with a specific focus on QoL outcomes. Our analysis revealed that the following treatments were associated with improvements in QoL: poly‐l‐lactic acid; calcium hydroxylapatite; hyaluronic acid; polyacrylamide gel; polyalkylamide gel; polymethylmethacrylate; silicone oil; and autologous fat transfer. The treatment of HIV FLA with these agents appears to improve QoL as assessed by various QoL instruments. Additional studies are required to identify a unifying QoL instrument to effectively assess longitudinal QoL outcomes and to compare treatment modalities.
Foot contact dermatitis: nitrofurazone as the main cause in a retrospective, cross‐sectional study over a 16‐year period from Turkey
Authors: Özkaya Esen , Polat Ekinci Algun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe major causative agents in allergic contact dermatitis of the foot may differ from country to country. Sufficient data on foot eczema in patients from Turkey are lacking.ObjectiveTo identify the clinically relevant contact allergens in foot eczema and determine the role of patch test series and patients' own materials in the detection of the responsible allergens.MethodsAmong 1753 patients patch tested between 1996 and 2012 in our clinic, 53 with suspected allergic foot eczema were enrolled in this retrospective, cross‐sectional study. Forty nine patients were patch tested with the extended European baseline series, 49 with supplemental series including rubber, leather, topical drugs, textile, cosmetic series containing preservatives and emulgators and varnish/plastic/glue series, and 37 with their own substances.ResultsThirty of the 53 patch tested patients showing sensitization to at least one clinically relevant allergen were diagnosed with allergic foot eczema. The main eliciting agent was nitrofurazone (n = 8), followed by leather shoe allergens, ie, potassium dichromate (n = 6), p‐tert‐butylphenol formaldehyde resin and formaldehyde, in the second range. Rubber shoe allergens were less frequently observed (n = 3). In more than 1/3 of the patients, the causative agent could only be identified by testing the patient's own substances and/or supplemental series.ConclusionNitrofurazone was the leading causative agent followed by leather shoe allergens. Pediatric patients were frequently sensitized with shoe allergens. Patch testing with patient's own substances had a critical value in the detection of the causative agent in a significant number of patients.
Triumph and adversity: Exploring the complexities of consumer storytelling in mental health nursing education
Authors: Happell Brenda , Bennetts Wanda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConsumer participation in the education of health professionals is increasing, particularly in mental health nursing education and storytelling remains the most frequent approach to consumer involvement. The use of story has tended to be accepted as a legitimate educational tool with limited critique or consideration of its potential consequences presented within the academic literature. A qualitative exploratory research study was undertaken with mental health nurse academics (n = 34) and consumer educators and academics (n = 12), to investigate the perceptions and experiences of mental health nurses and consumers regarding the involvement of consumers in mental health nursing education. Data were analysed thematically. Story was a major theme to emerge from consumer participants and received some attention from nurse academics. Consumers and nurses both referred to the power of story to convey the human experience of mental illness diagnosis and service use; and the vulnerability that can result from storytelling. Consumers also described: story as expectation; preparation and support; and the politics of story. All participants supported the value of storytelling in mental health nursing education. Consumers had considered the complexities in far greater detail. The ongoing value of story as an educational technique requires further research. Equally important is considering a broader range of educational roles for mental health consumers.
Fifty years of research and development of cosmeceuticals: a contemporary review
Authors: Lee Chun‐Man 
Published: August 2016

SummaryFacial rejuvenation can be categorized into skincare and facial contouring. Research and development of cosmeceuticals is aimed at addressing the major signs of photoaging: wrinkles, dyschromia, and sallowness. Assessment of photoaging comes in clinical and photographic forms; a photonumeric scale developed by Griffiths et al. has been assured of its validity and reliability for the assessment of severity of photoaging in qualitative studies. Treatment of photoaging comes in two categories: preventive and reversal of signs; whilst sunfactors are the most efficient and essential in preventing photodamage, research and development of cosmeceuticals for facial rejuvenation has been robust, thanks to several landmark studies in the last fifty years, funded by some of the forerunners in contemporary cosmetic industry. Stem cell research remains the current forerunner in research concerning cosmeceuticals. Nevertheless, high‐quality, randomized control trials remain scarce within the contemporary literature, and more research and trials without funding by the industry are required to give rise to impartial comparisons between various cosmeceutical products. The “perfect cream” for facial rejuvenation remains elusive.
In vivo periodontal tissue regeneration by periodontal ligament stem cells and endothelial cells in three‐dimensional cell sheet constructs
Authors: Panduwawala C. P. , Zhan X. , Dissanayaka W. L. , Samaranayake L. P. , Jin L. , Zhang C. 
Published: August 2016

Background and ObjectiveChronic periodontitis causes damage to tooth‐supporting tissues, resulting in tooth loss in adults. Recently, cell‐sheet‐based approaches have been studied to overcome the limitations of conventional cytotherapeutic procedures for periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in three‐dimensional (3D) cell sheet constructs for periodontal regeneration in vivo.Material and MethodsPDLSCs, HUVECs or co‐cultures of both cells were seeded onto temperature‐responsive culture dishes, and intact cell sheets were fabricated. Cell sheets were wrapped around the prepared human roots in three different combinations and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice.ResultsHistological evaluation revealed that after 2, 4 and 8 wk of implantation, periodontal ligament‐like tissue arrangements were observed around the implanted roots in experimental groups compared with controls. Vascular lumens were also observed in periodontal compartments of HUVEC‐containing groups. Periodontal ligament regeneration, cementogenesis and osteogenesis were evident in the experimental groups at both weeks 4 and 8, as shown by immunostaining for periostin and bone sialoprotein. Human cells in the transplanted cell sheets were stained by immunohistochemistry for the presence of human mitochondria.ConclusionsThe 3D cell sheet‐based approach may be potentially beneficial and is thus encouraged for future regenerative periodontal therapy.
Effects of Algae and Shell Pigment Extract‐supplemented Diets on Shell Pigmentation and Growth Performance of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai
Authors: Ju Zhi Yong , Deng Dong‐Fang , Viljoen Cecilia , Forster Ian Paul 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo improve shell pigmentation and growth performance of Pacific abalone, five extruded diets were prepared by supplementing a formulated control diet with 3% each of three species of algae (Pacific dulse, Porphyra yezoensis, Spirulina) and a pigment extract from the abalone shells (0.02%). Each of the five diets and a commercial feed were randomly assigned to three containers each stocked with 1000 juvenile Pacific abalone (2 g per individual) in a flow‐through seawater system for a 5‐mo feeding trial. Test results showed: (1) all the supplements significantly (P < 0.05) increased percentages of dark‐brown shelled abalone in the test treatments, relative to the control treatment; (2) the abalone fed the experimental diets achieved significantly (P < 0.05) greater final weight, shell‐length growth rates, and higher meat protein contents than those fed the commercial feed (P < 0.05); and (3) the abalone fed the Spirulina‐supplemented diet achieved the best overall growth, pigmentation performances, and feed conversion ratio; and the Pacific dulse supplement generated the highest protein content in abalone meat product (P < 0.05) among the tested diets. These results demonstrate the potential of locally made feed, which can generate desirable characteristics in abalone under aquaculture conditions.
Water Quality and Plankton Communities in Hybrid Catfish (♀ Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus) Ponds After Partial Fish Harvest
Authors: Tucker Craig S. , Mischke Charles C. , Brown Travis W. , Torrans Eugene L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwelve 0.4‐ha ponds were stocked with 10,000 hybrid catfish fingerlings in March 2015. Six ponds were partially harvested in August to remove fish larger than ∼0.57 kg. All remaining fish were removed in October and November. Partial harvest of faster‐growing fish removed ∼26% of the fish initially stocked; feeding rate (and therefore external nutrient loading) was reduced by about the same amount. However, reduced nutrient loading after partial fish harvest had no meaningful effects on water quality, phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure, or supplemental aeration. Lack of ecosystem change was caused by persistent internal recycling of nutrients added to the system before partial harvest and continued high (albeit reduced) external nutrient loading after partial harvest. Decisions to employ partial fish harvest to manage single‐cropped hybrid catfish ponds should be based on economic considerations and risk reduction rather than the expectation that fish biomass reduction will improve water quality.
Pelvic alignment in standing, and its relationship with trunk control and motor recovery of lower limb after stroke
Authors: Karthikbabu Suruliraj , Chakrapani Mahabala , Ganesan Sailakshmi , Ellajosyla Ratnavalli 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe pelvis is not stable after stroke, and poor trunk recovery might be the foremost contributor to altered pelvic alignment in sitting, standing and during walking.AimTo analyze the relationship between pelvic alignment in standing and trunk control after stroke, and also test how these correlations are related to Brunnstrom's lower limb motor recovery.MethodsIn the present cross‐sectional study, 116 ambulant patients after stroke were assessed for their pelvic tilt angles in standing and trunk control using a palpation meter (PALM device) and the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), respectively. The pelvic tilt values were correlated to TIS scores by the Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThe mean age, post‐stroke duration, and Brunnstrom's lower limb motor recovery of study participants were 55 (13) years, 14.2 (11.3) months and 3.75 (0.79), respectively. The present study reported more lateral pelvic tilt of 2.47° (1.78°) towards the most affected side and an anterior pelvic tilt of 4.4° (1.8°) bilaterally. The mean score of TIS was 10.4 (3). Pelvic tilt angles had a moderately inverse correlation with the total TIS score and coordination subscale of TIS (r‐value from –0.44 to –0.54), but a low inverse relationship to the dynamic sitting balance subscale of TIS (–0.36 to –0.45). Also, the pelvic tilt had a high negative correlation with trunk control (r‐value from –0.68 to –0.84) in lower limb motor recovery stage 5.ConclusionPelvic alignment when standing is not normal after stroke, and this is influenced by poor trunk control and impairment of the lower extremities. Assessment of the pelvis provides further insight into planning the appropriate rehabilitation strategies in stroke.
Faith, Belief and Fictionalism
Authors: Malcolm Finlay , Scott Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIs propositional religious faith constituted by belief? Recent debate has focussed on whether faith may be constituted by a positive non‐doxastic cognitive state, which can stand in place of belief. This article sets out and defends the doxastic theory. We consider and reject three arguments commonly used in favour of non‐doxastic theories of faith: (1) the argument from religious doubt; (2) the use of ‘faith’ in linguistic utterances; and (3) the possibility of pragmatic faith. We argue that belief is required to maintain a distinction between genuine faith, pretend faith, and fictionalist faith.
Towards the development of a sustainable soya bean‐based feedstock for aquaculture
Authors: Park Hyunwoo , Weier Steven , Razvi Fareha , Peña Pamela A. , Sims Neil A. , Lowell Jennica , Hungate Cory , Kissinger Karma , Key Gavin , Fraser Paul , Napier Johnathan A. , Cahoon Edgar B. , Clemente Tom E. 
Published: August 2016

SummarySoya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sought after for both its oil and protein components. Genetic approaches to add value to either component are ongoing efforts in soya bean breeding and molecular biology programmes. The former is the primary vegetable oil consumed in the world. Hence, its primary usage is in direct human consumption. As a means to increase its utility in feed applications, thereby expanding the market of soya bean coproducts, we investigated the simultaneous displacement of marine ingredients in aquafeeds with soya bean‐based protein and a high Omega‐3 fatty acid soya bean oil, enriched with alpha‐linolenic and stearidonic acids, in both steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Kampachi (Seriola rivoliana). Communicated herein are aquafeed formulations with major reduction in marine ingredients that translates to more total Omega‐3 fatty acids in harvested flesh. Building off of these findings, subsequent efforts were directed towards a genetic strategy that would translate to a prototype design of an optimal identity‐preserved soya bean‐based feedstock for aquaculture, whereby a multigene stack approach for the targeted synthesis of two value‐added output traits, eicosapentaenoic acid and the ketocarotenoid, astaxanthin, were introduced into the crop. To this end, the systematic introduction of seven transgenic cassettes into soya bean, and the molecular and phenotypic evaluation of the derived novel events are described.
Anuria since birth: does it impact outcome of kidney transplant in infants?
Authors: Vyas Shefali , Roberti Isabel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKidney transplantation (txp) in infants has recently made much progress but provides a unique challenge in infants anuric since birth. Little data exists on outcome of renal txp recipients with anuria since birth. Retrospective chart review was done for outcome of 27 children with wt ≤15 kg and they were divided into two groups: Group A (N=21) with urine output and Group B (N=6) anuric since birth had their urological complications and long‐term outcome compared. Median age at the time of txp 18 vs 23 months, mean wt 10.8 vs 11.8 kg, and mean ht 77 cm in both, mean follow‐up post‐txp: 9.4 vs 5.6 years, and neurological problems were noted in 48% and 33% in Group A and Group B. There was no graft thrombosis or post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease and only two rejections. Anuric Group B were older, had more post‐txp urological surgeries (66% vs 19%) and UTIs (66% vs 38%) compared to Group A. The overall graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 96%, 86%, and 70%; patient survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 96%, 85%, and 85%. Long‐term graft outcomes in small children, anuric prior to txp, were excellent despite higher rates for UTIs and urological complications.
Influence of different anaesthetic protocols over the sperm quality on the fresh, chilled (4°C) and frozen‐thawed epididymal sperm samples in domestic dogs
Authors: Batista M , Vilar J , Rosario I , Terradas E 
Published: August 2016

ContentsThis study assessed the influence of three different anaesthetic protocols on semen quality obtained from the epididymis. Sixty male dogs undergoing to routine sterilization were assigned to three anaesthetic protocols: thiopental group (TG,n = 20), propofol group (PG,n = 20) and ketamine–dexmedetomidine group (KDG,n = 20). Immediately after orchidectomy, the cauda epididymides and vas deferent ducts were isolated and then a retrograde flushing was performed to collect spermatozoa. In experiment 1, after the initial evaluation of the semen (sperm concentration, sperm motility and the percentages of live spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosome membrane integrity), semen samples were diluted in Tris‐glucose‐egg yolk extender and chilled for 48 hr, and the sperm motility was assessed at 6, 24 and 48 hr. In experiment 2, semen samples were diluted in Tris‐glucose‐egg yolk extender and chilled for 24 hr, and then samples were frozen in two extenders with different glycerol concentrations, to reach a final concentration of 50–100 × 106spermatozoa ml−1, 20% egg yolk, 0.5% Equex and 4% and 5% glycerol, respectively. Mean values of total sperm concentration, sperm viability and the percentages of intact acrosome and abnormal spermatozoa were not significantly different between experimental groups, and therefore, the anaesthetic protocols assessed did not affect sperm parameters mentioned above. However, our study confirmed a detrimental effect of the use of thiopental (TG) over the total sperm motility (p < 0.05) and progressive sperm motility (p < 0.05) of the fresh and chilled epididymal sperm samples. The anaesthetic protocols including the application of propofol or ketamine–dexmedetomidine can be used to recover sperm in domestic canids without significant changes in sperm quality compared when semen is collected routinely and these techniques could be applicable to endangered wild canids.
Enteric fever in India: current scenario and future directions
Authors: Divyashree S. , Nabarro L. E. B. , Veeraraghavan B. , Rupali P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryEnteric fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical areas worldwide. The Indian subcontinent bears the brunt of the disease, both in terms of absolute case numbers and drug‐resistant strains. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that the multidrug‐resistant clade H58 originated in India and subsequently expanded through Asia and Africa. In Africa, it caused unrecognised outbreaks in areas previously considered free of the disease. In this study, we discuss the current status of enteric fever in India, the factors preventing its control and its future directions in this rapidly developing nation.