bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Importance and Sonographic Features of Nonpalpable Axillary Lymphadenopathy Identified on Breast Sonography in Patients Without Malignancy
Authors: Kim Suk Jung , Park Young Mi 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical importance and sonographic features of nonpalpable axillary lymphadenopathy identified on breast sonography in patients without malignancy.MethodsOur study included 71 women and 2 men (mean age, 47.5 years; range, 16–69 years) with axillary lymphadenopathy identified on breast sonography. None of the 73 patients had known malignancy or presented with palpable lymph nodes or symptoms of mastitis. The lesions were pathologically diagnosed in 53 patients by surgical biopsy (n = 8), ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy (n = 17), or ultrasound ‐guided fine needle aspiration (n = 28). Twenty patients underwent follow‐up imaging for 6 to 60 months (mean, 17 months). The sonographic features of the axillary lymph nodes were analyzed for all patients.ResultsThe final diagnoses included benign reactive hyperplasia (n = 45), Kikuchi disease (n = 4), tuberculosis (n = 3), and sarcoidosis (n = 1). None of the 20 patients who underwent follow‐up imaging developed malignancy. Suspicious sonographic features were frequently observed (loss of the fatty hilum, round shape, abnormal cortical thickening, and marked hypoechogenicity: 79.5%, 75.3%, 82.1%, and 9.6%, respectively) and were mostly complex, with the most common combination being a round shape and loss of the fatty hilum in 61.6% patients.ConclusionsNo malignancy was detected in all 73 patients, despite frequent manifestations of complex and extremely suspicious sonographic features. Short‐term follow‐up imaging rather than immediate biopsy can be recommended for nonpalpable lymphadenopathy in patients without known malignancy.
Off-label use of gabapentin for management of alcohol use disorders
Authors: Nichols Taylor A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Despite multiple studies evaluating various therapeutic agents, few have emerged as superior agents for the management of alcohol use disorders. As a result, off-label agents, including gabapentin, are being utilized more frequently in clinical practice. Gabapentin has gained popularity as one of the more commonly studied off-label agents. Gabapentin's relatively low abuse potential, side effect profile, and limited hepatic metabolism make it an attractive option compared with benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants. Several randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trials have evaluated off-label use of gabapentin for the treatment of alcohol detoxification and dependence. Study results and interpretation from the more robust available data are summarized within this article.
Off-label use of duloxetine for pediatric neuropathic pain
Authors: Burghardt K. J. , Thomas S. T. , Tutag-Lehr V. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been used successfully for adults for the management of neuropathic pain syndromes. Pediatric data are needed because inadequate neuropathic pain management in children and adolescents results in lower psychosocial functioning, delayed development, and decreased quality of life. We aim to describe a case series on the use of duloxetine for the management of symptoms associated with chronic neuropathic pain syndromes in a pediatric population.

Methods
Data were collected in a naturalistic, consecutive, case report format, from a pediatric pain management clinic for children prescribed duloxetine for analgesia for a variety of neuropathic-type pain conditions. Follow-up data, including self-report of pain, and type and frequency of adverse reactions, were collected to describe the efficacy and safety of duloxetine.

Results
Duloxetine was prescribed for the management of self-reported average pain scores of greater than 5 out of 10 on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised for pain that was resistant to other medications. Each of these patients had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Reduction in pain following duloxetine therapy was not universal, and all patients discontinued duloxetine therapy prematurely because of adverse effects.

Conclusion
Further evidence is needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine for use in pediatric populations with neuropathic components to their pain. Based on our experience, we suggest considering its use only after failure of other agents. The best management of a pediatric patient's pain condition is likely accomplished through a combination of pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacotherapy interventions.
Low‐temperature plastic rheology of olivine determined by nanoindentation
Authors: Kranjc Kelly , Rouse Zachary , Flores Katharine M. , Skemer Philip 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLow‐temperature plasticity is a deformation mechanism that occurs mainly at high stress and low temperatures and may be important in the shallow lithosphere, at the tips of cracks, and in laboratory experiments. Previous studies investigating the low‐temperature plasticity of the mineral olivine have exhibited wide variability in their extrapolations to the athermal flow strength or Peierls stress. To better constrain the rheology of olivine, nanoindentation tests were performed on samples in the temperature range of 0–175°C. The indentation properties were converted to uniaxial properties using a finite element‐based method. The data were fit to a standard flow law for low‐temperature plasticity, and Peierls stresses between 5.32 and 6.45 GPa were obtained. These results provide increased confidence in the extrapolation of high‐pressure and high‐temperature laboratory experiments to low‐temperature conditions and illustrate the applicability of nanoindentation methods to the study of mineral rheology.
On the enigmatic similarity in Greenland δ18O between the Oldest and Younger Dryas
Authors: Pausata Francesco S. R. , Löfverström Marcus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe last deglaciation (20.0–10.0 kyr B.P.) was punctuated by two major cooling events affecting the Northern Hemisphere: the Oldest Dryas (OD; 18.0–14.7 kyr B.P.) and the Younger Dryas (YD; 12.8–11.5 kyr B.P.). Greenland ice core δ18O temperature reconstructions suggest that the YD was as cold as the OD, despite a 50 ppmv increase in atmospheric CO2, while modeling studies suggest that the YD was approximately 4–5°C warmer than the OD. This discrepancy has been surmised to result from changes in the origin of the water vapor delivered to Greenland; however, this hypothesis has not been hitherto tested. Here we use an atmospheric circulation model with an embedded moisture‐tracing module to investigate atmospheric processes that may have been responsible for the similar δ18O values during the OD and YD. Our results show that the summer‐to‐winter precipitation ratio over central Greenland in the OD is twice as high as in the YD experiment, which shifts the δ18O signal toward warmer (summer) temperatures (enriched δ18O values and it accounts for ~45% of the expected YD‐OD δ18O difference). A change in the inversion (cloud) temperature relationship between the two climate states further contributes (~20%) to altering the δ18O‐temperature‐relation model. Our experiments also show a 7% decrease of δ18O‐depleted precipitation from distant regions (e.g., the Pacific Ocean) in the OD, hence further contributing (15–20%) in masking the actual temperature difference. All together, these changes provide a physical explanation for the ostensible similarity in the ice core δ18O temperature reconstructions in Greenland during OD and YD.
Improved seasonal drought forecasts using reference evapotranspiration anomalies
Authors: McEvoy Daniel J. , Huntington Justin L. , Mejia John F. , Hobbins Michael T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA novel contiguous United States (CONUS) wide evaluation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0; a formulation of evaporative demand) anomalies is performed using the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) reforecast data for 1982–2009. This evaluation was motivated by recent research showing ET0 anomalies can accurately represent drought through exploitation of the complementary relationship between actual evapotranspiration and ET0. Moderate forecast skill of ET0 was found up to leads of 5 months and was consistently better than precipitation skill over most of CONUS. Forecasts of ET0 during drought events revealed high categorical skill for notable warm‐season droughts of 1988 and 1999 in the central and northeast CONUS, with precipitation skill being much lower or absent. Increased ET0 skill was found in several climate regions when CFSv2 forecasts were initialized during moderate‐to‐strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. Our findings suggest that ET0 anomaly forecasts can improve and complement existing seasonal drought forecasts.
Temporal variation and stoichiometric ratios of organic matter remineralization in bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico during late spring and summer
Authors: Xue Jianhong , Cai Wei‐Jun , Hu Xinping , Huang Wei‐Jen , Lohrenz Steven E. , Gundersen Kjell 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn improved extended optimum multiparameter (eOMP) analysis was applied to hydrographic (temperature and salinity), and water chemistry data, including dissolved oxygen (O2), nutrients (nitrate plus nitrite, phosphate, and silicate), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TAlk) data collected during late spring and summer from 2006 to 2012 in bottom waters off the Louisiana coast, to explore the dynamics and stoichiometry of DIC production during the development and maintenance of summer hypoxia. Our analysis demonstrated that DIC in bottom water was relatively low from April to June, but increased significantly in July, peaked in August, and dropped slightly in September. Furthermore, DIC production resulted from both aerobic organic carbon (OC) respiration and denitrification, as well as substantial loss due to vertical mixing with surface water. The average summer gross OC respiration rate was estimated to be 0.19 g C m−2 d−1, with the highest values occurring in late summer when hypoxic conditions dominated. We also found that Corg/N/P/‐O2 remineralization ratios for aerobic respiration were generally consistent with the classic Redfield ratio (106/16/1/138) except individual C/N and C/P ratios were slightly lower, indicating that marine OC was the major source of the DIC production in the bottom water. This study quantified the role of temporal bottom‐water microbial respiration to seasonal DIC dynamics and provided a means for studying the stoichiometry of biogeochemical processes in coastal waters.
Patient Knowledge and Beliefs About Knee Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction
Authors: Bennell Kim L. , van Ginckel Ans , Kean Crystal O. , Nelligan Rachel K. , French Simon D. , Stokes Maria , Pietrosimone Brian , Blackburn Troy , Batt Mark , Hunter David J. , Spiers Libby , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo explore patients’ knowledge and beliefs about osteoarthritis (OA) and OA risk following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, to explore the extent to which information about these risks is provided by health professionals, and to examine associations among participant characteristics, knowledge, and risk beliefs and health professional advice.MethodsA custom‐designed survey was conducted in Australian and American adults who sustained an ACL injury, with or without reconstruction, 1–5 years prior. The survey comprised 3 sections: participant characteristics, knowledge about OA and OA risk, and health professional advice.ResultsComplete data sets from 233 eligible respondents were analyzed. Most (70%, n = 164) rated themselves as being at greater risk of OA than their healthy peers, although only 56% (n = 130) were able to identify the correct OA definition. While most agreed that ACL (73%, n = 168) and/or meniscal injuries (n = 181, 78%) increase the risk of OA, 65% (n = 152) believed that ACL reconstruction reduced the risk of OA, or they did not know. A total of 27% (n = 62) recalled discussing their OA risk with a health professional. Participants who were female, younger, or had a lower body mass index or higher physical activity level were more likely to recognize meniscal tears and meniscectomy as risk factors of OA. A history of professional advice was associated with beliefs about increased OA risks.ConclusionPatients sustaining an ACL injury require better education from health professionals about OA as a disease entity and their elevated risk of OA, irrespective of whether or not they undergo surgical reconstruction.
State and output feedback control for Takagi–Sugeno systems with saturated actuators
Authors: Bezzaoucha Souad , Marx Benoît , Maquin Didier , Ragot José 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn the present paper, a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) model is used to simultaneously represent the behaviour of a nonlinear system and its saturated actuators. With the TS formalism and the Lyapunov approach, stabilization conditions are expressed as linear matrix inequalities for different controller designs. Static parallel distributed compensation (PDC) state feedback and static and dynamic PDC output feedback controllers for nonlinear saturated systems are proposed. The descriptor approach is used to obtain relaxed conditions to compute the controller gains. The nonlinear cart–pendulum system is used to illustrate the proposed control laws. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water‐Enhanced Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from CO2 Hydrogenation over a Pt/Co3O4 Catalyst under Milder Conditions
Authors: He Zhenhong , Qian Qingli , Ma Jun , Meng Qinglei , Zhou Huacong , Song Jinliang , Liu Zhimin , Han Buxing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effect of water on CO2 hydrogenation to produce higher alcohols (C2–C4) was studied. Pt/Co3O4, which had not been used previously for this reaction, was applied as the heterogeneous catalyst. It was found that water and the catalyst had an excellent synergistic effect for promoting the reaction. High selectivity of C2–C4 alcohols could be achieved at 140 °C (especially with DMI (1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone) as co‐solvent), which is a much lower temperature than reported previously. The catalyst could be reused at least five times without reducing the activity and selectivity. D2O and 13CH3OH labeling experiments indicated that water involved in the reaction and promoted the reaction kinetically, and ethanol was formed via CH3OH as an intermediate.
MEDI‐551 Treatment Effectively Depletes B Cells and Reduces Serum Titers of Autoantibodies in Mice Transgenic for Sle1 and Human CD19
Authors: Gallagher Sandra , Yusuf Isharat , McCaughtry Tom M. , Turman Sean , Sun Hong , Kolbeck Roland , Herbst Ronald , Wang Yue 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate treatment with MEDI‐551, a humanized anti‐human CD19 monoclonal antibody, in a model of autoimmunity involving mice transgenic (Tg) for Sle1 and human CD19 (hCD19).MethodsSle1.hCD19‐Tg mice were given either a single intravenous dose of MEDI‐551 or repeated doses of MEDI‐551 biweekly for up to 12 weeks. The numbers of B cells in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow were determined by flow cytometry assay. In the spleen and bone marrow, the number of IgM‐ and IgG‐specific antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) and the number of ASCs specific for anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunospot assay. Serum autoantibody and total immunoglobulin levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and levels of inflammatory proteins were tested using a multianalyte profiling platform.ResultsMEDI‐551 treatment of Sle1.hCD19‐Tg mice resulted in effective and sustained B cell depletion throughout the duration of the experiment. The frequency of IgM and IgG ASCs in the spleen was reduced by ≥90%, whereas in the bone marrow, the total ASC frequency was not changed. Levels of autoantibodies specific for dsDNA as well as antihistone and antinuclear antibodies were each reduced by 40–80%, but total serum immunoglobulin levels were largely unchanged at the end of 12 weeks of treatment.ConclusionThese findings highlight the ability of MEDI‐551 to deplete B cells and ASCs in autoimmune Sle1.hCD19‐Tg mice. MEDI‐551 treatment resulted in a robust reduction of autoantibodies but had minimal effect on total serum immunoglobulins. Thus, the novel ability of MEDI‐551 to remove a broad range of B cells as well as to lower most disease‐driving autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease mouse model warrants continued research. Several clinical studies to explore the safety and activity of MEDI‐551 in autoantibody‐associated autoimmune diseases are ongoing.
Endochondral Growth Defect and Deployment of Transient Chondrocyte Behaviors Underlie Osteoarthritis Onset in a Natural Murine Model
Authors: Staines K. A. , Madi K. , Mirczuk S. M. , Parker S. , Burleigh A. , Poulet B. , Hopkinson M. , Bodey A. J. , Fowkes R. C. , Farquharson C. , Lee P. D. , Pitsillides A. A. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo explore whether aberrant transient chondrocyte behaviors occur in the joints of STR/Ort mice (which spontaneously develop osteoarthritis [OA]) and whether they are attributable to an endochondral growth defect.MethodsKnee joints from STR/Ort mice with advanced OA and age‐matched CBA (control) mice were examined by Affymetrix microarray profiling, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and immunohistochemical labeling of endochondral markers, including sclerostin and MEPE. The endochondral phenotype of STR/Ort mice was analyzed by histologic examination, micro–computed tomography, and ex vivo organ culture. A novel protocol for quantifying bony bridges across the murine epiphysis (growth plate fusion) using synchrotron x‐ray computed microtomography was developed and applied.ResultsMeta‐analysis of transcription profiles showed significant elevation in functions linked with endochondral ossification in STR/Ort mice (compared to CBA mice; P < 0.05). Consistent with this, immunolabeling revealed increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) and type X collagen expression in STR/Ort mouse joints, and multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptase–PCR showed differential expression of known mineralization regulators, suggesting an inherent chondrocyte defect. Support for the notion of an endochondral defect included accelerated growth, increased zone of growth plate proliferative chondrocytes (P < 0.05), and widespread type X collagen/MMP‐13 labeling beyond the expected hypertrophic zone distribution. OA development involved concomitant focal suppression of sclerostin/MEPE in STR/Ort mice. Our novel synchrotron radiation microtomography method showed increased numbers (P < 0.001) and mean areal growth plate bridge densities (P < 0.01) in young and aged STR/Ort mice compared to age‐matched CBA mice.ConclusionTaken together, our data support the notion of an inherent endochondral defect that is linked to growth dynamics and subject to regulation by the MEPE/sclerostin axis and may represent an underlying mechanism of pathologic ossification in OA.
Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs Mediate the Human Chondrocyte Inflammatory Response and Are Differentially Expressed in Osteoarthritis Cartilage
Authors: Pearson Mark J. , Philp Ashleigh M. , Heward James A. , Roux Benoit T. , Walsh David A. , Davis Edward T. , Lindsay Mark A. , Jones Simon W. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs), antisense RNAs, and pseudogenes, associated with the inflammatory response in human primary osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes and to explore their expression and function in OA.MethodsOA cartilage was obtained from patients with hip or knee OA following joint replacement surgery. Non‐OA cartilage was obtained from postmortem donors and patients with fracture of the neck of the femur. Primary OA chondrocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion. LncRNA expression analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Modulation of lncRNA chondrocyte expression was achieved using LNA longRNA GapmeRs (Exiqon). Cytokine production was measured with Luminex.ResultsRNAseq identified 983 lncRNAs in primary human hip OA chondrocytes, 183 of which had not previously been identified. Following interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) stimulation, we identified 125 lincRNAs that were differentially expressed. The lincRNA p50‐associated cyclooxygenase 2–extragenic RNA (PACER) and 2 novel chondrocyte inflammation–associated lincRNAs (CILinc01 and CILinc02) were differentially expressed in both knee and hip OA cartilage compared to non‐OA cartilage. In primary OA chondrocytes, these lincRNAs were rapidly and transiently induced in response to multiple proinflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of CILinc01 and CILinc02 expression in human chondrocytes significantly enhanced the IL‐1–stimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.ConclusionThe inflammatory response in human OA chondrocytes is associated with widespread changes in the profile of lncRNAs, including PACER, CILinc01, and CILinc02. Differential expression of CILinc01 and CIinc02 in hip and knee OA cartilage, and their role in modulating cytokine production during the chondrocyte inflammatory response, suggest that they may play an important role in mediating inflammation‐driven cartilage degeneration in OA.
Titanium Dioxide‐Grafted Copper Complexes: High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wang Fei‐Fei , Wei Ping‐Jie , Yu Guo‐Qiang , Liu Jin‐Gang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathodes of fuel cells significantly hampers fuel cell performance. Therefore, the development of high‐performance, non‐precious‐metal catalysts as alternatives to noble metal Pt‐based ORR electrocatalysts is highly desirable for the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells. TiO2‐grafted copper complexes deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form stable and efficient electrocatalysts for the ORR. The optimized catalyst composite CNTs@TiO2–ZA–[Cu(phen)(BTC)] shows surprisingly high selectivity for the 4 e− reduction of O2 to water (approximately 97 %) in alkaline solution with an onset potential of 0.988 V vs. RHE, and demonstrates superior stability and excellent tolerance for the methanol crossover effect in comparison to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The copper complexes were grafted onto the surface of TiO2 through coordination of an imidazole‐containing ligand, zoledronic acid (ZA), which binds to TiO2 through its bis‐phosphoric acid anchoring group. Rational optimization of the copper catalyst’s ORR performance was achieved by using an electron‐deficient ligand, 5‐nitro‐1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), and bridging benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (BTC). This facile approach to the assembly of copper catalysts on TiO2 with rationally tuned ORR activity will have significant implications for the development of high‐performance, non‐precious‐metal ORR catalysts.