bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Leadership
Authors: Toledo Paloma , Duce Lorent , Adams Jerome , Ross Vernon H. , Thompson Kelli M. , Wong Cynthia A. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:
Women and minorities are underrepresented in US academic medicine. The Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce emphasized the importance of diverse leadership for reducing health care disparities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the demographics of the American Society of Anesthesiologists leadership. We hypothesized that the percentage of women and underrepresented minorities is less than that of their respective proportions in the general physician workforce.

METHODS:
An electronic survey was developed by the authors and mailed to 595 members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists leadership who had valid email addresses, including the members of the 2014 House of Delegates and state society leaders who were not the members of the House of Delegates. Univariate statistics were used to characterize survey responses and the probability distributions were estimated using the binomial distribution. A one-sample t test was used to compare the percentage of women and minorities in the survey pool to that of the corresponding percentages in the general physician workforce (38.0% women and 8.9% minorities), and the US population (51.0% women and 32.0% minorities).

RESULTS:
The survey response rate was 54%. A total of 21.1% (95% confidence interval: 16.4%–25.7%) of respondents were women and 6.0% (95% confidence interval: 3.3%–8.7%) were minorities. The proportion of women in the American Society of Anesthesiologist leadership was lower than the general medical workforce and the US population (P < .001 for both); the proportion of underrepresented minorities was lower than the US population (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Women and minorities are underrepresented in the leadership of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Efforts should be made to increase the diversity of the American Society of Anesthesiologists leadership with the goal of reducing overall anesthesia workforce disparities.
Can the MABC discriminate and predict motor impairment? A comparison of Brazilian and American children
Authors: Valentini Nadia C , Oliveira Marcia A , Pangelinan Melissa M , Whitall Jill , Clark Jane E 
Published: March 2017

Background: Estimates of the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder range from 1.7% to 19%, raising concerns about the discriminative ability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Aims: We compared MABC performance of children aged 4–12 years from the USA and Brazil. We aimed to examine: a) the prevalence of motor impairment across countries; b) age band and sex differences across countries; c) the test's ability to discriminate and predict motor impairment; and d) to identify the discriminating capacity of each MABC subtest. Methods: Children (n=1055) from Brazil and the USA were included in the present study. MABC cut-off points (typical development: above 15%, at risk: 6–15%; developmental coordination disorder: 0–5%) and discriminant analyses were used. Findings: Prevalence of probable developmental coordination disorder (24.1%) and at risk (16.2%) was higher in the Brazilian sample. Higher prevalence of probable developmental coordination disorder was observed among girls and among children aged 11–12 years old for the Brazilian sample and among boys and among children aged 9–12 years old for the American sample. Differences in scores across countries were only observed for children with typical development in manual dexterity and balance skills. The MABC discriminant functions were able to predict the classification of children into typical development, at risk, and probable developmental coordination disorder. The manual dexterity subtest was the strongest predictor for both samples, whereas the ball skills subtest was the weakest predictor. Conclusions: Differences for prevalence were found across countries. American results were similar with current estimates relative to incidence and gender; for Brazilian children, prevalence was near three times higher and more persistent among girls. Overall, in both countries the motor difficulties demonstrated by children with probable and at risk of developmental coordination disorder were similar for all tasks. The MABC showed predictably and discriminant capacity in the identification of children with probable and at risk developmental coordination disorder in both countries.
Qualitative research. Part 3: Methods
Authors: Nicholls David 
Published: March 2017

Background: In the third and final article in this three part series, I look at sampling in qualitative studies, methods of data collection and analysis. Content: Building on the previous two articles, I highlight the importance of rigour and explore some of the different criteria used by researchers to demonstrate that their research is trustworthy. I include a brief discussion of some of the more recent trends in mixed-method or post-positivist research. Conclusions: Qualitative research is different in many ways to quantitative, and it cannot be approached with the same mind-set. It seeks to explore different aspects to quantitative research, focusing on the individual experience, rather than conclusions that can be drawn from large groups. Because of these differences, the two approaches to research should not be seen as alternatives, but complementary.
Quantitative analysis of blood cells and inflammatory factors in wounds
Authors: Cerveró-Ferragut S. , López-Riquelme N. , Martín-Tomás E. , Massa-Domínguez B. , Pomares-Vicente J. , Soler-Pérez M. , Sánchez-Hernández J.F. 
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify blood cells and inflammatory markers, involved in the healing process, in exudates from wounds in different healing phases, to assess these markers in order to identify the inflammatory phase of the wounds. Method: Patients who presented with postsurgical wounds, which closed by first and second intention, and those who presented with pressure ulcers (PUs), which were closed by second intention, were included in the study. Results: We examined wounds from 37 patients and collected samples from 52 wounds in the inflammatory phase, 30 in the proliferative phase and 29 in the maturation phase. The number of neutrophils and platelets in the exudate collected from wounds in the inflammatory phase was significantly higher (p<0.001), while the number of lymphocytes, was significantly lower in exudate from wounds in the inflammatory phase (p<0.001). Wound c-reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were higher in the inflammatory group (p<0.001). We found a significantly positive correlation between CRP levels and the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes (r=0.346, p=0.004; r=0.293, p=0.015), and a significantly negative correlation between CRP levels and the percentage of lymphocytes (r=−0.503, p<0.001). A stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify an optimal combination of these biomarkers. The optimal biomarker combinations were neutrophils + monocytes + platelets + IgG + CRP, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.981 [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.955–1.000, p<0.001] for the diagnosis of wounds in the inflammatory phase. The optimal cutpoint yielded 96.9 % sensitivity and 94.6 % specificity. The biomarker combination predicted the inflammatory phase and was superior to individual biomarkers. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the combination of the markers, percentage of neutrophils and monocytes, platelets, CRP and IgG levels could be useful prognostic indicators of the inflammatory phase.
Picture of health: An artist’s journey through disease as told in his photographs
Authors: Gonzalez-Dolginko Beth 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This is a phenomenological study of a photographer who used his artistic sensibilities to deal with a life-threatening illness, which became a life-changing journey. As J. was diagnosed with end-stage liver disease, knew he would die if he did not get a new liver, waited for that liver, went through the transplant surgery and subsequent surgeries, and recovered, he chronicled the entire journey with photographs. When diagnosed with a terminal illness, J. faced mortality and went through stages of grief and loss, as well as experiencing trauma, and used his photography to cope with this. J. also went through a process of transformation, whereby the patient moves through a five-stage trajectory of receiving the transplant, improving in hospital, improving at home, feeling well again, and reciprocating. J. continues on that journey with a commitment to health and life. Literature is reviewed regarding the stages of grief, loss, trauma and emotional state of transplant patients.
Circle of compassion: Arts and nursing – the stimulation of compassionate awareness
Authors: Salmon Catharine , Childs Helen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article has two authors – the artist/patient and the nurse educator. Their meeting point was an arts-based research project inspired by a personal experience of compassionate care from a hospital nursing team. The artist/patient developed an exhibition – Touching the Unthinkable, which explored the ‘voices’ of health teams, other hospital patients and visitors linked by the treatment of breast cancer. The nurse educator used art practices as part of a nursing pedagogy to facilitate students’ understanding of themselves, the patient experience and the centrality of compassion. It was discovered that many of the inspirational hospital nurses had previously engaged with art as part of their education. The authors have identified what they have termed the circle of compassion – if compassion is enhanced in students and sustained in practicing nurses it is then experienced by the patient/recipient.
Shot attempts: F**k Po****cs! Performing is enacting indeed!
Authors: Darienzo Marcel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This text is an experiment, an attempt to play with the style of theoretical language, and to harness the performative potential of the journal format. The invented concepts of ‘shot attempts’ and ‘the you’ are used in parallel to the artist’s practice, to drive a quasi-theoretical explication of the artwork–viewer relationship. Academic convention lapses into poetic and artistic flourishes, and demands are made of the reader to question dichotomies (mind–body, subject–object) through a series of directives.
feature article: Encounters with immigrants in recent Finnish feature films
Authors: Hiltunen Kaisa 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article discusses representations of immigrants in recent Finnish feature films, focusing in particular on encounters, often conflicted, between immigrants and native Finns. The figure of the immigrant remains a relative rarity in Finnish cinema. Even in the nine films under consideration, immigration is not the main subject matter and immigrants are generally secondary characters. Consequently the central question of integration into Finnish society, with an attendant sense of belonging, is rarely addressed from the immigrant’s point of view. As Finnish society is becoming culturally and ethnically more heterogeneous, the way immigrants are represented in the media becomes increasingly significant. With that in mind, the films are analysed through an ethically sensitive lens.
La evaluación en proyectos de extensión incluidos en el currículo universitario
Authors: Camilloni Alicia 
Published: March 2017

La evaluación de proyectos de extensión incluidos en el currículo universitario con propósitos académicos, profesionales y sociales articulados y un enfoque pedagógico de educación experiencial, es un proceso particularmente complejodadas las múltiples funciones desplegadas por la evaluación en los planos institucional y estratégico. Deben tomarse decisiones en cada una de las etapas de planificación, implementación y finalización del proyecto con la intervención necesaria de los diversos actores que en él participan. En tanto el proceso deevaluación esté entramado con las acciones que se realizan en cada etapa y se resuelvan adecuadamente los problemas técnicos, sin dejar de lado los valores que se ponen en juego en el proyecto de extensión, la evaluación es un recurso que contribuye a enriquecer y profundizar los alcances y logros del proyecto y contribuye a la formación de todos los que en él participan.
El aprendizaje experiencial: una práctica de innovación que se afianza en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Authors: Menéndez Gustavo , Tarabella Laura 
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo tiene como referencia el trabajo realizado por la Universidad Nacional del Litoral en lo que hace a la integración de la extensión con la docencia en los últimos años con el objetivo de promover una formación integral para todoslos estudiantes que cursan las carreras de grado de nuestra Universidad.El punto de partida es el reconocimiento de la extensión universitaria como una de las funciones sustantivas de la Universidad. Se define un enfoque teórico– conceptual que permite una caracterización de la extensión en términos demúltiples dimensiones: institucional, comunicacional, social, política y pedagógica.A partir de esta última se propone incorporar las prácticas de extensión en el currículo universitario desde una perspectiva epistemológica, pues este vínculo produce conocimiento y es justamente sobre el cual se sustenta y se inscribe la educación experiencial para inclusión en el currículo universitario.Esta propuesta constituye una importante innovación en materia curricular, en tanto resignifica las prácticas de enseñanza y promueve instancias complementarias y valiosas en la formación de los estudiantes, a la vez que permite consolidar la extensión como una de las funciones sustantivas de la Universidad.
Creación de escenarios convergentes entre docencia, investigación y extensión: la Residencia Integral del Profesorado en Comunicación
Authors: Contino Paula , Daneri Mariela 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo acerca la mirada a los procesos contemporáneos que rigen el pulso de las tres funciones sustantivas de la universidad: docencia, investigación y extensión.Podría decirse que esta última, fruto de la jerarquización de años recientes, ha desarrollado progresivamente una capacidad creativa y creadora trayendo consigo nuevos desafíos para pensar la arquitectura institucional universitaria en claverelacional, es decir, un lugar donde converjan de manera estratégica funciones, actores, saberes y disciplinas. Sobre estas ideas paradigmáticas se levanta la Residencia Integral del Profesorado en Comunicación, creado recientemente en laFacultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, constituyendo así un espacio de enseñanza –aprendizaje de carácter integral y dialogante entre teoría, práctica, investigación y socialización de lastramas emergentes.
Las Prácticas para la Inclusión Social en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Saravia Federico , Álvarez María Victoria 
Published: March 2017

Durante los últimos años, diversas iniciativas han colaborado con el estrechamiento del vínculo entre Universidad y comunidad: la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FCE–UBA), ha resignificado elconcepto de extensión universitaria entendiendo, por un lado, que la relación entre la universidad y la comunidad es indisoluble y, por otro, que el vínculo entre la oferta curricular y las actividades de extensión universitaria debe construirse ydesarrollarse bajo el paradigma de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria. En este marco, se propone dar cuenta del recorrido y los desafíos planteados desde la materia “Prácticas para la Inclusión Social” (PIS) en la FCE–UBA.
El desafío de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería frente a las demandas sociales
Authors: Cabrera Verónica Valeria , Ciccarelli Lorena Guadalupe , Saravia Silvio Damián 
Published: March 2017

La universidad, desde sus comienzos, es reconocida como institución de primer orden en la transferencia del conocimiento científico y profesional. Se entiende que es un agente fundamental de la innovación atravesada por el contextosociopolítico y económico que da respuestas a las necesidades de los habitantes.Para mantenerse a la par de las aceleradas reformas y cambios que se producen en la comunidad y en el ejercicio de la profesión, la formación en la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería debe gestionar cambios curriculares significativos,como en el área del conocimiento, producción, organización y divulgación.Cuestiones que se plantean al momento del proceso de acreditación por parte de la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria (CONEAU).En este artículo se reflexionará sobre los desafíos que tiene la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería para lograr la integración de los tres principales pilares de la universidad (docencia, investigación y extensión universitaria).
Reduced responses to glutamate receptor agonists follow loss of astrocytes and astroglial glutamate markers in the nucleus tractus solitarii
Authors: Talman William T. , Dragon Deidre Nitschke , Lin Li‐Hsien 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSaporin (SAP) or SAP conjugates injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of rats kill astrocytes. When injected in its unconjugated form, SAP produces no demonstrable loss of or damage to local neurons. However bilateral injections of SAP significantly attenuate responses to activation of baroreceptor reflexes that are mediated by transmission of signals through glutamate receptors in the NTS. We tested the hypothesis that SAP would reduce cardiovascular responses to activation of NTS glutamate receptors despite its recognized ability to spare local neurons while killing local astrocytes. In animals treated with SAP and SAP conjugates or, as a control, with the toxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), we sought to determine if dose‐related changes of arterial pressure (AP) or heart rate (HR) in response to injection into NTS of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) or α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) were attenuated. Also we quantified changes in immunoreactivity (IR) for EAAT2, EAAC1, and VGluT2 in NTS after SAP and SAP conjugates. Our earlier studies showed that IR for NMDA and AMPA receptors was not changed after injection of SAP. We found that EAAT2 and EAAC1, both found in astrocytes, were reduced by SAP or its conjugates but not by 6‐OHDA. In contrast, VGluT2‐IR was increased by SAP or conjugates but not by 6‐OHDA. AP and HR responses to NMDA and AMPA were attenuated after SAP and SAP conjugate injection but not after 6‐OHDA. Results of this study are consistent with others that have shown interactions between astroglia and neurons in synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate receptor activation in the NTS.
Aldosterone does not alter endothelin B receptor signaling in the inner medullary collecting duct
Authors: Ramkumar Nirupama , Stuart Deborah , Yang Tianxin , Kohan Donald E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent studies suggest that aldosterone‐mediated sulfenic acid modification of the endothelin B receptor (ETB) promotes renal injury in an ischemia/reperfusion model through reduced ETB‐stimulated nitric oxide production. Similarly, aldosterone inactivation of ETB signaling promotes pulmonary artery hypertension. Consequently, we asked whether aldosterone inhibits collecting duct ETB signaling; this could promote fluid retention since CD ETB exerts natriuretic and diuretic effects. A mouse inner medullary collecting duct cell line (IMCD3) was treated with aldosterone for 48 h followed by sarafotoxin‐6c, an ETB‐selective agonist, and extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation assessed. S6c increased the phospho/total‐ERK ratio similarly in control and aldosterone‐treated cells (aldosterone alone increased phospho/total‐ERK). Since cultured IMCD cell lines lack ETB inhibited AVP signaling, the effect of S6c on AVP‐stimulated cAMP in acutely isolated IMCD was assessed. Rats (have much higher CD ETB expression than mice) were exposed to 3 days of a normal or low Na+ diet, or low Na+ diet + desoxycorticosterone acetate. S6c inhibited AVP‐stimulated cAMP in rat IMCD by the same degree in the high mineralocorticoid groups compared to controls. Finally, S6c‐stimulated cGMP accumulation in cultured IMCD, or S6c‐stimulated nitric oxide or cGMP in acutely isolated IMCD, was not affected by prior aldosterone exposure. These findings provide evidence that aldosterone does not modify ETB effects on ERK phosphorylation, AVP‐dependent cAMP inhibition, or NO/cGMP accumulation in the IMCD. Thus, while aldosterone can inhibit endothelial cell ETB activity to promote hypertension and injury, this response does not appear to occur in the IMCD.
Towards the Establishment of an International Constitutional Court
Authors: Nasrawin Laith K 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article comprehensively examines the 1999 recommendation of the Tunisian government to create an International Constitutional Court that is designed to enhance the principles of democracy and human rights and to strengthen the constitutional doctrine which states that the people are the source of authority in a given country. This proposal, which was strongly advocated by former Tunisian President Mohamed Moncef Marzouki during his term in office, aims to underscore the importance of establishing an international judicial entity and analysing its bylaws with respect to its terms and conditions, formation, jurisdiction and selection of judges. The article traces the trajectory of the movement, from the proposal stage to the latest developments in formally establishing the international judicial entity. Finally, the article identifies various possible difficulties and challenges that are likely to stand in the way of implementing the proposal.
Understanding misunderstandings. Presuppositions and presumptions in doctor-patient chronic care consultations
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Bigi Sarah 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPragmatic presupposition is analyzed as grounded on an implicit reasoning process based on a set of presumptions, which can define cultural differences. The basic condition for presupposing a proposition is represented as a reasoning criterion, namely reasonableness. Presuppositions, on this view, need to be reasonable, namely they need to be the reasonable conclusions of an underlying presumptive reasoning, which does not or may not contain contradictions with other presumptions. Presumptions are in turn analyzed considering their nature and their hierarchy, namely their subject matter and their possible contextual backing, which eliminates some of their possible defaults. This analysis of presupposition brings to light the relationship between misunderstandings deriving from presuppositional failures and the underlying system of presumptions. This approach is applied to the investigation of communicative issues within the medical context, and more precisely doctor-patient communication in diabetes cases.