bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in comparison with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Tomioka Hiromi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Yamashita Shyuji , Kida Yoko , Kaneko Masahiro , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of short-term comprehensive inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), and to compare responses with those of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who underwent an identical programme.DesignRetrospective analysis of several outcome measures.SettingPulmonary ward at a 358-bed community teaching hospital.Methods3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme assessed by pulmonary function tests, 6 min walk test and health-related quality of life (HRQL) using the Short Form-36 (SF-36).Results17 patients with CPFE and 49 patients with COPD were referred to and completed the programme between March 2007 and February 2015. Age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and the Medical Research Council dyspnoea grade were comparable between groups. In the CPFE group, improvement from the start of the programme to the programme end was observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (from 1.7±0.4 to 1.8±0.4, p=0.034); however, there was no significant improvement in the 6 min walk test (distance, SpO2nadir and Borg scale on exercise). With regard to HRQL, improvement was observed in physical function (p=0.015) whereas deterioration was observed in social functioning (p=0.044). In the COPD group, significant improvement was observed after the programme in the FEV1, 6 min walk test and 4 of the 8 SF-36 subscales. There was a significant difference in changes in the 6 min walk distance: −16.6±58.4 in CPFE versus 30.2±55.6 in COPD (p=0.009). In 2 domains, there was a significant difference in SF-36 scores between groups: Δvitality, −6.3±22.4 in CPFE versus 11.3±21.1 in COPD, p=0.009; and Δsocial functioning, −18.8±34.2 in CPFE versus 5.3±35.9 in COPD, p=0.027.ConclusionPatients with COPD derived greater benefits than those with CPFE, from the relatively short periods of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation.
Management of children with type 1 diabetes during illness: a national survey
Authors: Soni Astha , Agwu Juliana Chizo , Wright Neil Peter , Moudiotis Christopher , Kershaw Melanie , Edge Julie , Drew Josephine Helen , Ng Sze May 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimAdequate sick-day management at home can reduce the risk of progression to diabetic ketoacidosis and admission to hospital. The aim of this project was to review the management of diabetes during illness.MethodThe Association of Children's Diabetes Clinicians (ACDC) carried out a questionnaire survey of all paediatric diabetes units. In addition, parents of children with type 1 diabetes completed an online questionnaire.ResultsThe survey of 127 units had a 73% response rate. Sick-day management guidelines were in place in 93%. All guidelines advised giving extra insulin during illness. In 67%, the extra dose was based on a fraction of total daily dose. 22% used units per kg body weight (U/kg). 21% used locally derived formulae to calculate extra dose of insulin. 3% of units advised only blood ketone monitoring. Although all units had an out-of-hours access policy for the families, 45% received advice from the general paediatric registrar. Only in 15%, the advice was directly from a member of the paediatric diabetes team. 680 parents completed the questionnaire. 86% reported receiving training on managing sick days. The majority (52.2%) receiving an informal session at diagnosis. 40% did not know what to do in the presence of raised blood glucose and high blood ketones.ConclusionsThere was a wide variation in the practice of monitoring and advice given during illness. Both surveys highlight need for national guidance as well and to improve quality of sick-day rule education programmes for parents of children with type 1 diabetes.
Do Women With Anxiety or Depression Have Higher Rates of Myocardial Ischemia During Exercise Testing Than Men?
Authors: Paine Nicola J. , Bacon Simon L. , Pelletier Roxanne , Arsenault André , Diodati Jean G. , Lavoie Kim L. 
Published: February 2016

Background—
Women diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) typically experience worse outcomes relative to men, possibly through diagnosis and treatment delays. Reasons for these delays may be influenced by mood and anxiety disorders, which are more prevalent in women and have symptoms (eg, palpitations and fatigue) that may be confounded with CAD. Our study examined sex differences in the association between mood and anxiety disorders and myocardial ischemia in patients with and without a CAD history presenting for exercise stress tests.

Methods and Results—

A total of 2342 patients (women n=760) completed a single photon emission computed tomographic exercise stress test (standard Bruce Protocol) and underwent a psychiatric interview (The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) to assess mood and anxiety disorders. Ischemia was assessed using single photon emission computed tomography, with odds ratio used to calculate the effect of sex and mood/anxiety on the presence of ischemia during stress testing by CAD history in a stratified analyses, adjusted for relevant covariates. There was a sex by anxiety interaction with ischemia in those without a CAD history (
P
=0.015): women with anxiety were more likely to exhibit ischemia during exercise than women without anxiety (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.89). No significant effects were observed for men nor mood.

Conclusions—
Women with anxiety and no CAD history had higher rates of ischemia than women without anxiety. Results suggest that anxiety symptoms, many of which overlap with those of CAD, might mask CAD symptoms among women (but not men) and contribute to referral and diagnostic delays. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Return to Work After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dreyer Rachel P. , Xu Xiao , Zhang Weiwei , Du Xue , Strait Kelly M. , Bierlein Maggie , Bucholz Emily M. , Geda Mary , Fox James , D’Onofrio Gail , Lichtman Judith H. , Bueno Héctor , Spertus John A. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: February 2016

Background—
Return to work after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important outcome and is particularly relevant to young patients. Women may be at a greater risk for not returning to work given evidence of their worse recovery after AMI than similarly aged men. However, sex differences in return to work after AMI has not been studied extensively in a young population (≤55 years).

Methods and Results—
We analyzed data from 1680 patients with AMI aged 18 to 55 years (57% women) participating in the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) study who were working full time (≥35 hours) before the event. Data were obtained by medical record abstraction and patient interviews. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine sex differences in return to work at 12 months after AMI, and the association of patient characteristics with return to work. When compared with young men, young women were less likely to return to work (89% versus 85%; 85% versus 89%, P=0.02); however, this sex difference was not significant after adjusting for patient sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, and health measures. Being married, engaging in a professional or clerical type of work, having more favorable physical health, and having no previous coronary disease or hypertension were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of return to work at 12 months.

Conclusions—
Among a young population, women are less likely to return to work after AMI than men. This disadvantage is explained by differences in demographic, occupational, and health characteristics.
Trimethylamine N‐Oxide Promotes Vascular Inflammation Through Signaling of Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor‐κB
Authors: Seldin Marcus M. , Meng Yonghong , Qi Hongxiu , Zhu WeiFei , Wang Zeneng , Hazen Stanley L. , Lusis Aldons J. , Shih Diana M. 
Published: February 2016

Background

The choline‐derived metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide (
TMAO
) has been demonstrated to contribute to atherosclerosis and is associated with coronary artery disease risk.

Methods and Results

We explored the impact of
TMAO
on endothelial and smooth muscle cell function in vivo, focusing on disease‐relevant outcomes for atherogenesis. Initially, we observed that aortas of
LDLR
−/−
mice fed a choline diet showed elevated inflammatory gene expression compared with controls. Acute
TMAO
injection at physiological levels was sufficient to induce the same inflammatory markers and activate the well‐known mitogen‐activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–related kinase, and nuclear factor‐κB signaling cascade. These observations were recapitulated in primary human aortic endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. We also found that
TMAO
promotes recruitment of activated leukocytes to endothelial cells. Through pharmacological inhibition, we further showed that activation of nuclear factor‐κB signaling was necessary for
TMAO
to induce inflammatory gene expression in both of these relevant cell types as well as endothelial cell adhesion of leukocytes.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a likely contributory mechanism for
TMAO
‐dependent enhancement in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risks.
Varenicline and Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sterling Lee H. , Windle Sarah B. , Filion Kristian B. , Touma Lahoud , Eisenberg Mark J. 
Published: February 2016

Background

Varenicline is an efficacious smoking‐cessation drug. However, previous meta‐analyses provide conflicting results regarding its cardiovascular safety. The publication of several new randomized controlled trials (
RCT
s) provides an opportunity to reassess this potential adverse drug reaction.

Methods and Results

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for
RCT
s that compare varenicline with placebo for smoking cessation.
RCT
s reporting cardiovascular serious adverse events and/or all‐cause mortality during the treatment period or within 30 days of treatment discontinuation were eligible for inclusion. Relative risks (
RRs
) with 95%
CI
s were generated by using DerSimonian–Laird random‐effects models. Thirty‐eight
RCT
s met our inclusion criteria (N=12 706). Events were rare in both varenicline (57/7213) and placebo (43/5493) arms. No difference was observed for cardiovascular serious adverse events when comparing varenicline with placebo (
RR
1.03, 95%
CI
0.72–1.49). Similar findings were obtained when examining cardiovascular (
RR
1.04, 95%
CI
0.57–1.89) and noncardiovascular patients (
RR
1.03, 95%
CI
0.64–1.64). Deaths were rare in both varenicline (11/7213) and placebo (9/5493) arms. Although 95%
CI
s were wide, pooling of all‐cause mortality found no difference between groups (
RR
0.88, 95%
CI
0.50–1.52), including when stratified by participants with (
RR
1.24, 95%
CI
0.40–3.83) and without (
RR
0.77, 95%
CI
0.40–1.48) cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
We found no evidence that varenicline increases the rate of cardiovascular serious adverse events. Results were similar among those with and without cardiovascular disease. Given varenicline's efficacy as a smoking cessation drug and the long‐term cardiovascular benefits of cessation, it should continue to be prescribed for smoking cessation.
Cryptic diversity in the Hypsiboas semilineatus species group (Amphibia, Anura) with the description of a new species from the eastern Guiana Shield
Authors: FOUQUET ANTOINE , MARTINEZ QUENTIN , ZEIDLER LAUREN , COURTOIS ELODIE A. , GAUCHER PHILIPPE , BLANC MICHEL , LIMA JUCIVALDO DIAS , SOUZA SERGIO MARQUES , RODRIGUES MIGUEL T. , LIMA JUCIVALDO DIAS , SOUZA SERGIO MARQUES , RODRIGUES MIGUEL T. , KOK PHILIPPE J. R. 
Published: February 2016

We used molecular and morphological data to investigate the hidden diversity within the Hypsiboas semilineatus species group, and more specifically within H. geographicus, an allegedly widespread species in northern South America. As a result, the identity of H. geographicus was clarified, several candidate species were detected and one of them, from the eastern Guiana Shield, is described herein as a preliminary step to resolve the taxonomy of the group. Hypsiboas diabolicus sp. nov. is mainly distinguished from closely-related species by an acuminate snout in lateral view, well-developed webbing between fingers and toes, and unspotted carmine/crimson colouration on the concealed surfaces of legs, feet and hands in life. The tadpole of the new species is described and is characterized by a large A-2 gap, a mostly single row of large marginal papillae, and a dark brown to black colouration. We also describe the advertisement call of the new species, which is defined as a soft call consisting of short clusters of 2–3 chuckles with a dominant frequency ranging between 1.11–1.19 kHz. Hypsiboas diabolicus sp. nov. is currently known only from the eastern Guiana Shield, and is probably endemic to that region. The new species’ range overlaps broadly with another candidate species referred to as H. aff. semilineatus 1. Our preliminary results stress out a high cryptic diversity in that species group and the need for a formal redescription of Hypsiboas geographicus based on more topotypic material than what is currently available to properly sort out the taxonomic status of several lineages in that clade.
Symptomatic Heterotopic Ossification After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Andrachuk John S. , Scillia Anthony J. , Aune Kyle T. , Andrews James R. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Cain E. Lyle 
Published: February 2016

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is an increasingly common procedure being performed in overhead throwing athletes. Recently, postoperative imaging has revealed the presence of heterotopic ossification (HO) in symptomatic patients. Purpose: To determine the incidence of symptomatic HO after UCL reconstruction as well as the clinical outcomes after nonoperative or operative treatment of HO. Study Design: Case series, Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search was performed of diagnostic codes for all UCL reconstructions at a single institution between 2002 and 2012, and the charts were then reviewed of patients who returned to clinic for symptomatic HO after UCL reconstruction. All relevant clinical information, imaging findings, and return-to-play data were obtained. Results: Eight patients were found to have developed symptomatic HO after UCL reconstruction. Of the 8 patients, 6 had gracilis tendon autograft at their primary surgery. All 8 patients had HO on the proximal end of their graft. Two patients were treated nonoperatively, and the remainder had excision of HO performed either arthroscopically or open. Six patients were able to return to the same or higher level of competition after treatment of HO. Conclusion: Symptomatic HO after UCL reconstruction is very uncommon but may prove to be a significant complication among athletes. With appropriate treatment, the majority of patients were able to return to the same level of play. Early identification of this complication is important, as revision surgery with excision of osteophytes resulted in a return to a similar level of play in most patients.
The Effect of the Mulligan Knee Taping Technique on Patellofemoral Pain and Lower Limb Biomechanics
Authors: Hickey Anne , Hopper Diana , Hall Toby , Wild Catherine Y. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) affects 25% of the general population, occurring 2 times more often in females compared with males. Taping is a valuable component of the management plan for altering lower limb biomechanics and providing pain relief; however, the effects of alternative taping techniques, such as Mulligan knee taping, appear yet to be researched. Purpose: To determine whether the Mulligan knee taping technique altered levels of perceived knee pain and lower limb biomechanics during a single-legged squat (SLSq) in adult females with PFP. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 20 female patients with PFP, aged 18 to 35 years, participated in this study. Participants performed 3 to 5 SLSq on their most symptomatic limb during a taped (Mulligan knee taping technique) and nontaped (control) condition. During the eccentric phase of the SLSq, the 3-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of the knee and hip and the ground-reaction forces (1000 Hz) and muscle activation patterns (1000 Hz) of the gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis oblique were measured. Participants’ perceived maximum knee pain was also recorded after the completion of each squat. Results: Between-condition differences were found for hip kinematics and gluteus medius activation but not for kinetics or vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscle activity (timing and activation). Compared with the nontaped condition, the Mulligan knee taping technique significantly ( P = .001) reduced perceived pain during the SLSq (mean ± SD: 2.29 ± 1.79 and 1.29 ± 1.28, respectively). In the taped condition compared with the control, the onset timing of the gluteus medius occurred significantly earlier (120.6 ± 113.0 and 156.6 ± 91.6 ms, respectively; P = .023) and peak hip internal rotation was significantly reduced (6.38° ± 7.31° and 8.34° ± 7.92°, respectively; P = .002). Conclusion: The Mulligan knee taping technique successfully reduced knee pain in participants with PFP. This is the first study to establish a link between Mulligan knee taping and the reduction of PFP in conjunction with decreased hip internal rotation and earlier activation of gluteus medius. Clinical Relevance: The Mulligan knee taping technique may benefit the clinical environment by providing an alternative evidence-based treatment plan for PFP.
Positive Psychology Intervention to Alleviate Child Depression and Increase Life Satisfaction
Authors: Kwok Sylvia Y. C. L. , Gu Minmin , Kit Katrina Tong Kai 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a positive psychology group-based intervention program, incorporating elements of hope and gratitude, in decreasing depression and increasing life satisfaction among primary school students in Hong Kong. Method: A total of 68 children, with the Depression score of Chinese Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale from 9 to 11, were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. An eight-session intervention group-based program was conducted in five primary schools. Results: Participants of the intervention groups showed a significant decrease in depression and significant increase in life satisfaction, partially mediated by hope and gratitude, after the intervention when compared with those of the control groups. Discussion: As positive psychology intervention teaches children ways to increase their positive cognition, emotions, and behaviors, it may help children cope with current emotional problems and enhance their capability to deal with future stress and adversities.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Social Work Competence Scale in China
Authors: Wang Yean , Chui Ernest 
Published: February 2016

Objective: This article reports a study that developed and validated the Perceived Social Work Competence Scale (PSWCS) for assessing social work students’ competence in Mainland China. Method: The indicators were generated by a broad empirical review of recent literature, confirmed by experts, and indigenized by means of two focus groups of students. Two separate studies were conducted, using samples of social work students. Exploratory factor analyses and reliability tests were conducted on a cross-validation sample ( n1 = 291) of social work students. Confirmatory factor analyses and tests of predictive validity were conducted on the second sample ( n2 = 300). Results: The 48-indicator PSWCS (including nine subscales) demonstrated excellent internal consistency, acceptable test–retest reliability, satisfactory factorial validity, and positive correlation with the students’ grade point average and their satisfaction with their field experience. Conclusions: The PSWCS is important for enabling students to assess their competence and for enabling educators to improve field education.
Impaired retinal microcirculation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jiang Hong , Delgado Silvia , Tan Jia , Liu Che , Rammohan Kottil W , DeBuc Delia Cabrera , Lam Byron L , Feuer William J , Wang Jianhua 
Published: February 2016

Background: The transparent ocular structure enables quantitative analysis of microvasculature of retina, a neuronal tissue affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the retinal blood flow velocity and flow volume at the macula are impaired in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: A total of 17 RRMS patients and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were assessed. A retinal function imager was used to measure the blood flow velocity of retinal arterioles and venules and to calculate the total perifoveal blood flow volume. Results: The blood flow velocities of the retinal arterioles (3.34 ± 0.89 mm/s) and venules (2.61 ± 0.6 mm/s) were significantly lower in MS patients than normal subjects (arteriole: 4.10 ± 0.87 mm/s; venule: 3.22 ± 0.65 mm/s, both p = 0.01). In addition, the total perifoveal blood flow volume in arterioles (3.74 ± 1.64 nL/s) and venules (3.81 ± 1.60 nL/s) were significantly lower in MS patients than in normal subjects (arteriole: 4.87 ± 1.41 nL/s, p = 0.02; venule: 4.71 ± 1.64 nL/s, p = 0.04). Conclusion: The impaired retinal microcirculation in RRMS patients indicates microvascular dysfunction in MS.
Dog bite injuries in children: Clinical implications for head involvement
Authors: Sribnick Eric A , Sarda Samir , Sawvel Michael S , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua J 
Published: February 2016

Background Given the popularity of dogs in the United States, children with dog bite injuries represent a significant health concern. While dog bite injury in any area of the body can lead to significant morbidity and potential mortality, dog bite injury to the head tends to occur in younger children and leads to more significant pathology. Methods This study presents data obtained from retrospective analysis of a trauma database from a single, urban pediatric hospital system. Data were gathered over more than eight years and includes 236 patients. We examined patient demographics, dog breed involved, hospital course and treatment, infection rate, antibiotic use, and disposition. Results Of the 236 total patients, 174 patients had head involvement with the injury. The dog involved tended to be an animal owned by a family member or family friend. Patients who had head involvement tended to be younger than those without head involvement. Head injury correlated with a significant increase in the number of surgeries required. The two deaths were exclusively in children under three months of age who had head involvement. Patients given antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were associated with a lower rate of post-injury infection than patients on other forms of antibiotic prophylaxis, and patients treated without antibiotic prophylaxis had a lower infection than those treated with prophylactic antibiotics. Conclusions Dog bites in children represent a significant, preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Our data suggest that young children are especially vulnerable and dog–child interactions should be monitored closely, even when the dog is familiar to the child.