bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early discharge as a mediator of greater ICU‐level care requirements in patients not enrolled on the AAML0531 clinical trial: a Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Getz Kelly D. , Miller Tamara P. , Seif Alix E. , Li Yimei , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Alonzo Todd , Gerbing Robert , Sung Lillian , Hall Matthew , Bagatell Rochelle , Gamis Alan , Fisher Brian T. , Aplenc Richard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious data suggest that patients enrolled on clinical trials for treatment of cancer have better overall survival than patients who do not enroll; however, short‐term outcomes relative to trial enrollment and corresponding mediators have not been assessed. A cohort of pediatric patients with newly‐diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia was assembled from the Pediatric Health Information System. We evaluated whether patients not enrolled onto Children's Oncology Group trial AAML0531 had greater intensive care unit (ICU)‐level requirements than enrolled patients and whether early discharge after chemotherapy administration mediated this association. Patients not enrolled on AAML0531 were more likely to be discharged early (aOR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.90) and to require ICU‐level care (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.78) than enrolled patients, but early discharge explained only a small proportion (12.3%) of the absolute difference in ICU‐level care risk. The direct effect of nonenrollment on the need for ICU‐level care was significant (aOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.94), whereas the indirect effect mediated through early discharge was not (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.19). Factors other than postchemotherapy discharge strategy drive the difference in ICU utilization by trial enrollment status.
Chemokine CXCL1 may serve as a potential molecular target for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Han Ke‐qi , Han Hui , He Xue‐qun , Wang Lei , Guo Xiao‐dong , Zhang Xue‐ming , Chen Jie , Zhu Quan‐gang , Nian Hua , Zhai Xiao‐feng , Jiang Ma‐wei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to screen for changes in chemokine and chemokine‐related genes that are expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as potential markers of HCC progression. Total RNA was extracted from tumor and peritumor tissues from mice with HCC and analyzed using a PCR microarray comprising 98 genes. Changes in gene expression of threefold or more were screened and subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses and western blotting. Furthermore, whether chemokine knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) could significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo was also evaluated. Finally, total serum samples were collected from HCC patients with HBV/cirrhosis (n = 16) or liver cirrhosis (n = 16) and from healthy controls (n = 16). The serum mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL1 in primary liver cancer patients were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Several genes were up‐regulated in tumor tissues during the progression period, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and IL‐1β, while CXCR1 expression was down‐regulated. CBRH‐7919 cells carrying CXCL1 siRNA resulted in decreased tumor growth in nude mice. The differences in serum CXCL1 mRNA and protein levels among the HCC, hepatic sclerosis (HS), and control groups were significant (P < 0.001). The mRNA and protein levels of CXCL1 in the HCC group were up‐regulated compared with the HS group or the control group (P < 0.001). Several chemokine genes were identified that might play important roles in the tumor microenvironment of HCC. These results provide new insights into human HCC and may ultimately facilitate early HCC diagnosis and lead to the discovery of innovative therapeutic approaches for HCC.
Crocin protects human erythrocytes from nitrite‐induced methemoglobin formation and oxidative damage
Authors: Ansari Fariheen Aisha , Ali Shaikh Nisar , Mahmood Riaz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a common contaminant of drinking water and food and feed chain. Nitrite induces oxidative damage in humans and animals. In this work, we studied the protective effect of crocin, the active constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), on NaNO2‐induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Changes in oxidative stress parameters following NaNO2 incubation of erythrocytes in presence and absence of crocin were determined. It was found that crocin pre‐treatment significantly attenuated NaNO2‐induced oxidative damage of proteins, lipids, and plasma membrane. Crocin reduced the level of methemoglobin, the primary acute effect of nitrite intoxication. It also improved the antioxidant capacity of cells and NaNO2‐induced morphological changes in erythrocytes. Crocin is thus a potent protective agent against nitrite‐induced cytotoxicity.
Cobalt‐Porphyrin‐Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction Reaction: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study
Authors: Cai Zhen‐Feng , Wang Xiang , Wang Dong , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report an in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) investigation of the 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine cobalt(II) (CoTPP)‐catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A highly ordered CoTPP adlayer is revealed on the Au(111) electrode. High‐contrast adsorbed species are monitored in CoTPP adlayer in electrolyte containing oxygen, and are attributed to the formation of CoTPP–O2 complexes. In situ STM results reveal the sharp contrast changes upon switching the substrate potential to trigger the ORR. The results benefit the understanding of the catalytic role of metal porphyrins (MPs) in the ORR, which is important for the design of MP‐based catalysts.
Metal‐Free Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Water: Expeditious Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Mediated by Diboronic Acid
Authors: Xia Yun‐Tao , Sun Xiao‐Tao , Zhang Ling , Luo Kai , Wu Lei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles mediated by diboronic acid with water as the hydrogen atom source is reported. A variety of N‐heterocycles can be hydrogenated with medium to excellent yields within 10 min. Complete deuterium incorporation from stoichiometric D2O onto substrates further exemplifies the H/D atom sources. Mechanism studies reveal that the reduction proceeds with initial 1,2‐addition, in which diboronic acid synergistically activates substrates and water via a six‐membered ring transition state.
Effects of Nanoparticles on Gas Production, Viscosity Reduction, and Foam Formation during Nanofluid Alternating Gas Injection in Low and High Permeable Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Moradi Babak , Pourafshary Peyman , Jalali Farahani , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSome carbonate reservoirs are low‐permeable and mixed‐wet to oil‐wet. Application of enhanced recovery methods to decrease residual oil saturation is the main challenge in such reservoirs. Water‐flooding is not an appropriate method to improve the recovery due to the wettability of carbonate reservoirs. Water alternating gas (WAG) injection is used as another method but it faces some problems. To enhance the performance of the WAG method, the wettability of rock should be changed and mobility of the injected gas should be controlled.In our previous study (Moradi et al.[32]), to improve the WAG‐EOR process and overcome the problems, we developed the nanofluid‐alternating gas (NWAG) approach by adding nanoparticles to the aqueous phase. Our study indicated that the NWAG process could improve oil recovery in comparison to the conventional WAG method in different core samples with different lithology and permeability. In this study, core‐flooding experiments, dynamic foam generation, and viscosity measurement were performed to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on gas production, viscosity reduction, and possibility of foam formation in the NWAG process. The results indicated that the gas production was decreased in the NWAG process. In addition, viscosity of produced oil was lower in the NWAG process; CO2 dissolved in the oil and led to oil swelling and oil viscosity reduction. Oil recovery was higher in the samples with lower permeability due to the formation of foam in the porous media. Foam formation increased viscosity and controlled mobility, which led to better sweep efficiency.
Oxygen‐Molecule Adsorption and Dissociation on BCN Graphene: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Tang Shaobin , Wu Weihua , Liu Liangxian , Gu Junjing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBoron and nitrogen co‐doped (BCN) graphene is an attractive material for use as a metal‐free oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst and as other catalysts due to its unique structure and electronic properties. Reported here is the structure, determined by using density functional theory, of the active O2‐dissociation site of BCN graphene containing different types of BN cluster. The results show that the edge termination and shape of substitutional BN clusters are two important factors that determine the catalytic activity of BCN graphene for the dissociation of molecular oxygen. N‐Terminated triangular BN (t‐BN) cluster doping can reduce the energy barrier more effectively compared to a t‐BN with a B edge or quadrangular BN cluster. Interestingly, the B atom neighboring the N edge, only in the case of N‐terminated t‐BN doping, is determined to be the most active site for O2 dissociation due to the barrier being as low as 0.08 eV. The electronic structure calculations reveal that in addition to the large positive charge densities, the catalytic activity of graphene enhanced by B,N doping is also attributed to the increased density of states of the π* states of the active site around the Fermi level.
Doping‐Induced Absorption Bands in P3HT: Polarons and Bipolarons
Authors: Enengl Christina , Enengl Sandra , Pluczyk Sandra , Havlicek Marek , Lapkowski Mieczyslaw , Neugebauer Helmut , Ehrenfreund Eitan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, we focus on the formation of different kinds of charge carriers such as polarons and bipolarons upon p‐type doping (oxidation) of the organic semiconductor poly(3‐ hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT). We elucidate the cyclic voltammogram during oxidation of this polymer and present spectroscopic changes upon doping in the UV/Vis/near‐IR range as well as in the mid‐IR range. In the low‐oxidation regime, two absorption bands related to sub‐gap transitions appear, one in the UV/Vis range and another one in the mid‐IR range. The UV/Vis absorption gradually decreases upon further doping while the mid‐IR absorption shifts to lower energy. Additionally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements are performed, showing an increase of the EPR signal up to a certain doping level, which significantly decreases upon further doping. Furthermore, the absorption spectra in the UV/Vis range are analyzed in relation to the morphology (crystalline vs. amorphous) by using theoretical models. Finally, the calculated charge carriers from cyclic voltammogram are linked together with optical transitions as well as with the EPR signals upon p‐type doping. We stress that our results indicate the formation of polarons at low doping levels and the existence of bipolarons at high doping levels. The presented spectroscopic data are an experimental evidence of the formation of bipolarons in P3HT.
Reduced inflammation in expanding populations of a neotropical bird species
Authors: Bailly Juliette , Garnier Stéphane , Khimoun Aurélie , Arnoux Emilie , Eraud Cyril , Goret Jean‐Yves , Luglia Thomas , Gaucher Philippe , Faivre Bruno 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe loss of regulating agents such as parasites is among the most important changes in biotic interactions experienced by populations established in newly colonized areas. Under a relaxed parasite pressure, individuals investing less in costly immune mechanisms might experience a selective advantage and become successful colonizers as they re‐allocate resources to other fitness‐related traits. Accordingly, a refinement of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis proposed that immunity of invasive populations has evolved toward a reduced investment in innate immunity, the most costly component of immunity, and an increased humoral immunity that is less costly. Biogeographical approaches comparing populations between native and expansion ranges are particularly relevant in exploring this issue, but remain very scarce. We conducted a biogeographical comparison between populations of Spectacled Thrush (Turdus nudigenis) from the native area (South America) and from the expansion range (Caribbean islands). First, we compared haemosporidian prevalence and circulating haptoglobin (an acute‐phase protein produced during inflammation). Second, we challenged captive birds from both ranges with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and measured postchallenge haptoglobin production and body mass change. Birds from the expansion range showed lower haemosporidian prevalence and lower levels of haptoglobin than birds from the native range. In addition, the inflammation elicited by LPS injection and its associated cost in terms of body mass loss were lower in birds from the expansion range than in birds from the native range. In accordance with the enemy release hypothesis, our results suggest that range expansion is associated with a reduced infection risk. Our study also supports the hypothesis that individuals from newly established populations have evolved mechanisms to dampen the inflammatory response and are in accordance with one prediction of the refined EICA hypothesis, proposed to understand biological invasions.
Incorporating redispersal microsites into myrmecochory in eastern North American forests
Authors: Connell R. Kent , Pfennigwerth Alix A. , Classen Aimee T. , Kwit Charles 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStudies addressing the benefits of “directed dispersal” in ant seed dispersal systems have highlighted the beneficial soil properties of the nests of ants that disperse their seeds. No studies, however, have explored the properties of soils nearby exemplary seed‐dispersing ant nests, where recent work indicates that seeds are quickly “redispersed” in eastern North America. To address this, we focused on a forested ecosystem in eastern United States where a keystone seed‐dispersing ant, Aphaenogaster rudis, commonly disperses the seeds of numerous understory herbs, including Jeffersonia diphylla. We collected soil cores beneath J. diphylla, around A. rudis nests where seeds are dispersed, and from other forest locations. We analyzed the collected soils for microbial activity using potential soil enzyme activity as a proxy, as well as a number of environmental parameters. We followed this with a glasshouse experiment testing whether the soils collected from near nests, beneath J. diphylla, and from other forested areas altered seedling emergence. We found that microbial activities were higher in near‐nest microsites than elsewhere. Specifically, the potential enzyme activities of a carbon‐degrading enzyme (β‐glucosidase), a phosphorus‐acquiring enzyme (phosphatase), and a sulfur‐acquiring enzyme (sulfatase) were all significantly higher in areas near ant nests than elsewhere; this same pattern, although not significant, was found for the nitrogen‐acquiring enzyme NAGase. No differences were found in other environmental variables we investigated (e.g., soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH). Our field results indicate that soil biological processes are significantly different in near‐nest soils, where the seeds are ultimately dispersed. However, our glasshouse germination trials revealed no enhanced germination in near‐nest soils, thereby refuting any near‐term advantages of directed dispersal to near‐nest locations. Future work should be directed toward addressing whether areas near ant nests provide biologically meaningful escape from seed predation and enhanced establishment, and further characterization of soil microbial communities in such settings.
Spatio‐temporal Bayesian model selection for disease mapping
Authors: Carroll Rachel , Lawson Andrew B. , Faes Christel , Kirby Russell S. , Aregay Mehreteab , Watjou Kevin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpatio‐temporal analysis of small area health data often involves choosing a fixed set of predictors prior to the final model fit. In this paper, we propose a spatio‐temporal approach of Bayesian model selection to implement model selection for certain areas of the study region as well as certain years in the study time line. Here, we examine the usefulness of this approach by way of a large‐scale simulation study accompanied by a case study. Our results suggest that a special case of the model selection methods, a mixture model allowing a weight parameter to indicate if the appropriate linear predictor is spatial, spatio‐temporal, or a mixture of the two, offers the best option to fitting these spatio‐temporal models. In addition, the case study illustrates the effectiveness of this mixture model within the model selection setting by easily accommodating lifestyle, socio‐economic, and physical environmental variables to select a predominantly spatio‐temporal linear predictor.
Carbon sequestration potential in domestic sewage treatment plants of Indian cities
Authors: Viswanathan Balasubramanian , Kanchinadham Sri Bala Kameswari , Kalyanaraman Chitra 
Published: September 2016

Carbon sequestration is a new technology that is gaining importance in combating the harmful effects of global warming. The potential for carbon sequestration from domestic sewage treatment plants operating in India was studied. Based on the data provided by the Government of India on the generation of domestic sewage by State, the organic load generation, sequestration potential and net release of CO2 were calculated. By going in for carbon sequestration, domestic sewage treatment in India has a potential to be a carbon neutral sector with a capacity to store 22 thousand tonnes of CO2 every day at current levels.The Government of India's focus is on increasing the share of renewable energy sources to combat emissions; however, carbon sequestration technology would be an ideal solution for deployment over the time period required for renewable energy' share to become significant. Three metro cities, viz., Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai are immediate prospects that could adopt this technology, followed by other cities. The prevalent Renewable Energy Credit Trading Scheme in India can support carbon sequestration technology infusion. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 162–170, 2017
The impact of typhoons on sediment connectivity: lessons learnt from contaminated coastal catchments of the Fukushima Prefecture (Japan)
Authors: Chartin Caroline , Evrard Olivier , Laceby J. Patrick , Onda Yuichi , Ottlé Catherine , Lefèvre Irène , Cerdan Olivier 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSediment connectivity characterizes the physical transfer of sediment through different geomorphic compartments in catchments due to sediment detachment, transport and deposition. Quantifying and modelling sediment connectivity is therefore a key prerequisite to improving our understanding of the dispersion of particle‐borne contaminants, especially in catchments exposed to highly erosive climates. The objective of this study is to provide novel insights into typhoon impacts on sediment connectivity from hillslopes to rivers. The dispersion of particle‐bound caesium‐137 (137Cs) was investigated in two coastal catchments draining the main contamination plume from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Five sampling campaigns were carried out from November 2011 to November 2015, after each typhoon season. The spatial and temporal evolution of 137Cs contamination was investigated through the calculation of 137Cs enrichment ratios in sediment relative to nearby soils. Rainfall erosivity (EI30) associated with the main typhoons that occurred prior to each sampling campaign were computed, mapped, and finally used to improve a topographic‐based index of connectivity. From 2011 to 2015, mean contamination levels in Mano and Niida catchments decreased from 11.9 kBq kg−1 to 3.3 kBq kg−1 and from 34.1 kBq kg−1 to 8.0 kBq kg−1, respectively. Regional mean EI30 ranged from 262 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 for typhoon Jelawat (in 2012) to 1695 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 for typhoon Roke (in 2011). Typhoons Roke (2011) and Etau (2015) showed the highest connectivity from contaminated sources to the rivers, and induced a significant export of sediment to the ocean. In 2013 a slight increase in 137Cs levels in river sediments occurred, likely resulting from initial decontamination works and the occurrence of two consecutive typhoons. Importantly, this research provides new insights into the connectivity of the main sources of sediments contaminated with radiocaesium in Fukushima Prefecture and their temporal evolution, which will help with ongoing decontamination efforts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acoustic simulation using a novel approach for reducing dispersion error
Authors: Wang G. , Cui X.Y. , Li G.Y. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIt is well‐known that the traditional finite element method (FEM) fails to provide accurate results to the Helmholtz equation with the increase of wave number because of the ‘pollution error’ caused by numerical dispersion. In order to overcome this deficiency, a gradient‐weighted finite element method (GW‐FEM) that combines Shepard interpolation and linear shape functions is proposed in this work. Three‐node triangular and four‐node tetrahedral elements that can be generated automatically are first used to discretize the problem domain in 2D and 3D spaces, respectively. For each independent element, a compacted support domain is then formed based on the element itself and its adjacent elements sharing common edges (or faces). With the aid of Shepard interpolation, a weighted acoustic gradient field is then formulated, which will be further used to construct the discretized system equations through the generalized Galerkin weak form. Numerical examples demonstrate that the present algorithm can significantly reduces the dispersion error in computational acoustics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Policy and Institutions on Health Spending
Authors: de la Maisonneuve Christine , Moreno‐Serra Rodrigo , Murtin Fabrice , Oliveira Martins Joaquim 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of policies and institutions on health expenditures for a large panel of Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries for the period of 2000–2010. A set of 20 policy and institutional indicators developed by the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development are integrated into a theoretically motivated econometric framework, alongside control variables related to demographic (dependency ratio) and non‐demographic (income, prices and technology) drivers of health expenditures per capita. Although a large share of cross‐country differences in public health expenditures can be explained by demographic and economic factors (around 71%), cross‐country variations in policies and institutions also have a significant influence, explaining most of the remaining difference in public health spending (23%). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.