bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NCOR1 modulates erythroid disorders caused by mutations of thyroid hormone receptor α1
Authors: Han Cho Rong , Park Sunmi , Cheng Sheue-yann 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) gene mutations, via dominant negative mode, cause erythroid abnormalities in patients. Using mice expressing a dominant negative TRα1 mutant (TRα1PV; Thra1
PV/+ mice), we showed that TRα1PV acted directly to suppress the expression of key erythroid genes, causing erythroid defects. The nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) was reported to mediate the dominant negative effects of mutated TRα1. However, how NCOR1 could regulate TRα1 mutants in erythroid defects in vivo is not known. In the present study, we crossed Thra1
PV/+ mice with mice expressing a mutant Ncor1 allele (NCOR1ΔID; Ncor1
ΔID
mice). TRα1PV mutant cannot bind to NCOR1ΔID. The expression of NCOR1ΔID ameliorated abnormalities in the peripheral blood indices, and corrected the defective differentiation potential of progenitors in the erythroid lineage. The defective terminal erythropoiesis of lineage-negative bone marrow cells of Thra1
PV/+ mice was rescued by the expression of NCOR1ΔID. De-repression of key erythroid genes in Thra1
PV/+Ncor1ΔID/ΔID
mice led to partial rescue of terminal erythroid differentiation. These results indicate that the inability of TRα1PV to recruit NCOR1ΔID to form a repressor complex relieved the deleterious actions of TRα1 mutants in vivo. NCOR1 is a critical novel regulator underpining the pathogenesis of erythroid abnormalities caused by TRα1 mutants.
Do Infants Born Very Premature and Who Have Very Low Birth Weight Catch Up With Their Full Term Peers in Their Language Abilities by Early School Age?
Authors: Zimmerman Emily 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This study examined the extent to which children born preterm (< 37 weeks) and/or who have low birth weight (< 2,500 g) catch up with their full term peers in terms of their language abilities at early school age (≥ 5 to < 9 years).

Method
A systematic literature search identified empirical studies that fit the inclusion criteria. Data from the tests/questionnaires used for meta-analysis spanned the following language categories: total language score, expressive language, receptive language, pragmatics, phonological awareness, and grammar. The means (standard deviations) were extracted from the studies and were converted to mean difference and 95% confidence intervals to test for overall effect.

Results

Sixteen studies met the inclusionary criteria, for a total of 2,739 participants, of which 1,224 were born full term and 1,515 were born preterm. It is important to note that the preterm cohort represented very preterm infants who have a very low birth weight. The meta-analysis found that preterm infants scored significantly worse on total language (
p
< .001), receptive language (
p
< .001), expressive language (
p
< .001), phonological awareness (
p
< .001), and grammar (
p
= .03) than their full term peers. However, preterm infants did not score significantly worse than their peers on their pragmatics (
p
= .19).

Conclusions
Children born VPT and who have VLBW perform worse than their peers on their total language, receptive language, expressive language, phonological awareness, and grammar abilities by early school age. This information is important for speech-language pathologists to consider as children born prematurely reach school age.
Longitudinal Study of Language and Speech of Twins at 4 and 6 Years: Twinning Effects Decrease, Zygosity Effects Disappear, and Heritability Increases
Authors: Rice Mabel L. , Zubrick Stephen R. , Taylor Catherine L. , Hoffman Lesa , Gayán Javier 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This study investigates the heritability of language, speech, and nonverbal cognitive development of twins at 4 and 6 years of age. Possible confounding effects of twinning and zygosity, evident at 2 years, were investigated among other possible predictors of outcomes.

Method
The population-based twin sample included 627 twin pairs and 1 twin without a co-twin (197 monozygotic and 431 dizygotic), 610 boys and 645 girls, 1,255 children in total. Nine phenotypes from the same comprehensive direct behavioral assessment protocol were investigated at 4 and 6 years of age. Twinning effects were estimated for each phenotype at each age using general linear mixed models using maximum likelihood.

Results
Twinning effects decreased from 4 to 6 years; zygosity effects disappeared by 6 years. Heritability increased from 4 to 6 years across all 9 phenotypes, and the heritability estimates were higher than reported previously, in the range of .44–.92 at 6 years. The highest estimate, .92, was for the clinical grammar marker.

Conclusions
Across multiple dimensions of speech, language, and nonverbal cognition, heritability estimates are robust. A finiteness marker of grammar shows the highest inherited influences in this early period of children's language acquisition.
The Relationship Between Motor Delays and Language Development in Very Low Birthweight Premature Children at 18 Months Corrected Age
Authors: Ross Gail , Demaria Rebecca , Yap Vivien 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine if there is a specific association between motor delays and receptive and expressive language function, respectively, in prematurely born children.

Method
Retrospective data review: 126 premature children ≤ 1,250-g birthweight from English-speaking families were evaluated on motor development (normal, mild delay, and moderate–severe delay) and the cognitive and language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley, 2006) at 18 months corrected age. Cognitive scores were categorized as normal, suspect, and abnormal. Gender, demographic, and perinatal variables were recorded and analyzed with respect to motor category.

Results
Lower birthweight, chronic need for oxygen, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and intestinal infection/inflammation were related to poorer motor development. On receptive language, the normal motor group attained significantly higher scores than the moderate–severe motor group but did not differ significantly from the mild delay motor group. On expressive language, the normal motor group had significantly higher scores than both the mild and moderate–severe groups. Girls performed better than boys on receptive and expressive language, but there was no significant interaction between gender and motor category on any of the Bayley scores. Cognitive, but not motor, category significantly contributed to variance of receptive language scores; cognitive and motor category each independently contributed to the variance in expressive language.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that motor control areas of the brain may be implicated in expressive language development of premature children. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors for the association between motor and expressive language function.
Body Mass Index Changes during Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Morais Sirlei Siani , Nascimento Simony Lira , Godoy-Miranda Ana Carolina , Kasawara Karina Tamy , Surita Fernanda Garanhani 
Published: December 2017

Objective To evaluate the relation between changes the body mass index (BMI) percentile, reflected in the Atalah curve, and perinatal outcomes.
Methods A cross-sectional study with 1,279 women was performed. Data regarding gestational weight, sociodemographic characteristics and perinatal outcomes were collected through medical charts, prenatal card and interviews in the postpartum period. Women could be classified according to the Atalah curve in the following categories: low weight, adequate weight, overweight, and obese. The BMI was calculated at the first and at the last prenatal care visits, and these values were compared.
Results An increase in the BMI category according to the Atalah classification occurred in 19.9% of pregnant women, and an increase of 3.4, 5.8 and 6.4 points of BMI were found for women respectively classified in the adequate weight, overweight and obese categories at the first prenatal visit. Women with high school education presented a lower chance of increasing their BMI (odds ratio [OR] 0:47 [0.24- 0.95]). Women who evolved with an increase in the the Atalah classification were associated with cesarean section (OR 1.97–2.28), fetal macrosomia (OR 4.13–12.54) and large for gestational age newborn (OR 2.88–9.83).
Conclusion Pregnant women who gained enough weight to move up in their BMI classification according to the Atalah curve had a higher chance of cesarean section and macrosomia. Women classified as obese, according to the Atalah curve, at the first prenatal visit had a high chance of cesarean section and delivering a large for gestational age newborn.
Levetiracetam Treatment Induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Orhan Fazıl , Abul Mehtap , Mutlu Mehmet , Şahin Sevim , Cansu Ali , Kamaşak Tülay 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe mucocutaneous reactions involving at least two mucosal surfaces and resulting in cutaneous eruption. They are frequently associated with infection and drug use. The best-known infectious cause is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, while antiepileptics are often among the drugs giving rise to these conditions. We describe two patients with suspected Stevens–Johnson syndrome and cutaneous eruption, which were primarily attributed to carbamazepine therapy. Another important shared feature in these two cases is that following an initial improvement in lesions in both patients, an increase in lesions and worsening of clinical picture after initiation of levetiracetam therapy was noted. One of the patients was found to be HLA-B 1502 positive, which is a known risk factor for carbamazepine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome. Levetiracetam therapy, which is regarded as safe in terms of cutaneous reactions, if chosen following such reactions due to another antiepilepsy medication, may be capable of reactivating Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis as was seen in our patients.
Effect of Levetiracetam Monotherapy in Nonlesional Focal Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Sano Fumikazu , Ohyama Tetsuo , Sugita Kanji , Aihara Masao , Kanemura Hideaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article compares the efficacy and tolerability of carbamazepine (CBZ) and levetiracetam (LEV) when used as initial monotherapy in children with nonlesional focal epilepsy. Patients with nonlesional focal epilepsy were subdivided into two groups according to the initial monotherapy: a LEV group administered LEV at an initial dose of 5 mg/kg/day and a CBZ group. Seizure response, adverse events, medication dose, reasons for discontinuing medication, adherence, and random serum levels were recorded. The overall percentage of patients who failed initial treatment and reasons for each treatment failure were determined. Data were analyzed from 183 children who received CBZ monotherapy and 46 children who received LEV monotherapy for ≥12 months. Overall, 126 patients (68.9%) became seizure-free with CBZ, compared with 37 patients (80.4%) with LEV. Moreover, four patients in CBZ and four patients in LEV groups showed a >50% reduction in seizure frequency. The efficacy rate was significantly higher and the adverse event rate was significantly lower in the LEV group than in the CBZ group (p = 0.0129 and p = 0.0039, respectively). LEV may offer superior efficacy and a lower risk of adverse effects compared with CBZ. LEV as initial monotherapy may represent a valuable treatment option for children with nonlesional focal childhood epilepsy.
eHealth-Berater – fachkundiger Ansprechpartner für digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen
Authors: Kokelmann Christoph , Timpel Patrick , Jaqueline Schwarz , Düring-Schmidt Stefanie , Hahnewald Christina , Panchyrz Ivonne , Kemple Kristin 
Published: December 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Digitalisierung der Lebensbereiche verändert die Beratung und Versorgung von Patienten. Unter dem Begriff eHealth („Electronic Health“) entfaltet sich eine kaum zu überblickende Vielzahl an Gesundheits-Apps, Wearables, Internetportalen und weiteren digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen, welche die Akteure des Gesundheitswesens vor Herausforderungen stellen, denen man mit einer zielgerichteten Ausbildung von eHealth-Beratern begegnen kann. Daher werden in Sachsen aktuell im Rahmen des vom Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) geförderten Projektes „Entwicklung eines innovativen Netzwerkes für eHealth-Akteure“ ein Weiterbildungscurriculum und ein Online-Weiterbildungsnetzwerk für Berater und Versorger im Gesundheitswesen entwickelt. Die zukünftigen eHealth-Berater sollen in Belangen der Digitalisierung fachkundiger Ansprechpartner für Ihre Patienten sein. Eine zwischen Mai und November 2017 durchgeführte Befragung zum Fortbildungsbedarf von Versorgern identifizierte ein Defizit der Zielgruppe im Umgang mit und in der Bewertung von eHealth-Anwendungen. Ein erster Weiterbildungskurs zum eHealth-Berater adressiert diesen Bedarf und wird im März 2018 beginnen. Zeitgleich können sich die Teilnehmer und auch weitere interessierte Akteure im Online-Netzwerk miteinander vernetzen.
Preconception Optimization of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Women Wanting to Conceive – High Rate of Spontaneous Conception Prior to Planned Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Fill Malfertheiner Sara , Gutknecht Dagmar , Bals-Pratsch Monika 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background A hyperglycemic metabolic status with insulin resistance can have a negative effect on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate disorders of glucose and insulin metabolism in women wanting to conceive who conceived spontaneously prior to planned assisted reproduction (ART). Associated risk factors of patients in terms of live births and miscarriages were also analyzed.
Method Out of total study population of 589 pregnancies, the pregnancies of 129 women wishing to have children who conceived spontaneously prior to planned ART were analyzed in more detail. A 75 g OGTT (OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test) was carried out prior to conception and after determination of pregnancy, including glucose measurement and testing of insulin resistance. If anomalies or risk factors for gestational diabetes (GDM) were detected, patients received metformin therapy prior to conception (off-label use). The course and outcome of pregnancies in the defined cohort were recorded.
Results The rate of spontaneous conception before planned ART after treatment for disorders of glucose/insulin metabolism was 21.9% (n = 129/589). 66.7% of the 129 pregnancies resulted in a live birth, 32 patients had a miscarriage. 76.0% of patients were treated with metformin (off-label use) for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), positive risk profile for GDM, or abnormal glucose/insulin metabolism prior to conception. 55.8% of the cohort developed GDM. The insulin requirements of patients with GDM differed significantly depending on their metformin intake. 24.6% of GDM patients receiving metformin treatment developed GDM requiring insulin treatment compared to 53.8% who did not receive metformin medication. The PCOS rate in the study population who had live births was significantly higher (57.0%) than in the group who had miscarriages (31.3%). There were no significant differences with regard to rate of live births and rate of miscarriages with/without metformin treatment and GDM and metformin intake.
Conclusion The high rate of spontaneous conceptions in the cohort of women wishing to conceive emphasizes the importance of optimizing glucose/insulin metabolism prior to conception. The high rate of GDM in a cohort of pregnant women with a history of sterility also emphasizes the importance of expanding diagnostic testing for sterility to include the investigation of glucose metabolism and testing for insulin resistance. It is possible that PCOS patients in particular could benefit from treatment with metformin prior to conception, and this could explain the high rate of live births in this patient cohort.
Einfluss des Disease-Management-Programms auf den HbA1c-Wert bei Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten: Ein retrospektiver Vergleich zwischen Disease Management Programm und Regelversorgung
Authors: Wiefarn Stefan , Kostev Karel , Heumann Christian , Rettelbach Anja 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Diese retrospektive Studie hat das Ziel, den Einfluss des Disease-Management-Programms (DMP) für Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten (T2DM) auf den HbA1c-Wert innerhalb Deutschlands zu messen.
Methoden Die Studie basiert auf retrospektiven Patientendaten aus dem Disease Analyzer Panel (IMS Health). Mittels 2:1 Propensity Score Matching wurde eine adäquate Kontrollgruppe gebildet. Nach dem Matching umfasste die Analyse 14 759 Patienten. Davon nahmen 5875 Patienten an einem DMP teil und 8884 erhielten die Regelversorgung. Auf Basis der gematchten Daten wurde der DMP-Effekt mittels unverbundenem t-Test geschätzt. Darüber hinaus erfolgte unter dem Gesichtspunkt der personalisierten Medizin die Betrachtung von Subgruppen.
Ergebnisse Die Senkung des HbA1c-Wertes in der DMP-Gruppe lag bei durchschnittlich 1,0 Prozentpunkten (Baseline HbA1c = 8,1 vs. HbA1c-Endwert = 7,1), wohingegen die RV-Gruppe den HbA1c-Wert im Mittel um 0,9 Prozentpunkte senken konnte (Baseline HbA1c = 8,1 vs. HbA1c-Endwert = 7,2). Somit konnte die DMP-Gruppe eine nur um 0,1 Prozentpunkte höhere Senkung des HbA1c-Wertes erreichen [95 %-KI: 0,04 – 0,16]. Deskriptiv zeigte sich zudem, dass Patienten aus der DMP-Gruppe durchschnittlich mehr Verordnungen und HbA1c-Messungen pro Jahr aufwiesen. In der Subgruppenanalyse konnten Gruppen von Patienten identifiziert werden, welche mehr von einem DMP profitieren als andere. So können junge Patienten oder Patienten in Behandlung bei einem Diabetologen den größten Nutzen aus einem DMP ziehen. Des Weiteren hat der Baseline-HbA1c-Wert einen Einfluss auf die Höhe des DMP-Effekts.
Folgerung T2DM-Patienten im DMP weisen zwar eine signifikant höhere Senkung des HbA1c-Wertes auf, jedoch ist fraglich, ob der Effekt als klinisch relevant anzusehen ist. Allerdings gibt es Gruppen von Patienten, welche mehr von einem DMP profitieren als andere. Um jedoch den Einfluss des DMPs und die Gründe für die vorhandenen Subgruppeneffekte besser zu verstehen, bedarf es weiterer Studien, welche in einem randomisierten kontrollierten Design durchgeführt werden sollten.
State-space multitaper time-frequency analysis
Authors: Kim Seong-Eun , Behr Michael K. , Ba Demba , Brown Emery N. 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceRapid growth in sensor and recording technologies is spurring rapid growth in time series data. Nonstationary and oscillatory structure in time series is commonly analyzed using time-varying spectral methods. These widely used techniques lack a statistical inference framework applicable to the entire time series. We develop a state-space multitaper (SS-MT) framework for time-varying spectral analysis of nonstationary time series. We efficiently implement the SS-MT spectrogram estimation algorithm in the frequency domain as parallel 1D complex Kalman filters. In analyses of human EEGs recorded under general anesthesia, the SS-MT paradigm provides enhanced denoising (>10 dB) and spectral resolution relative to standard multitaper methods, a flexible time-domain decomposition of the time series, and a broadly applicable, empirical Bayes’ framework for statistical inference.
Observational evidence of European summer weather patterns predictable from spring
Authors: Ossó Albert , Sutton Rowan , Shaffrey Len , Dong Buwen 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Forecasts of summer weather patterns months in advance would be of great value for a wide range of applications, from tourism to agriculture, water resource management, energy production, construction, and retail. However, dynamical model seasonal forecasts for European summers have very little skill. Here, we analyze atmosphere and ocean observations and identify evidence that a specific pattern of summertime atmospheric circulation over Western Europe is predictable from the previous spring North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures, and identify the mechanism involved. The atmospheric pattern has a particularly strong influence on rainfall in the British Isles and in the north coast of France, which we find can also be predicted months ahead with significant skill.
C-terminal modification of the insulin B:11–23 peptide creates superagonists in mouse and human type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wang Yang , Sosinowski Tomasz , Novikov Andrey , Crawford Frances , Neau David B. , Yang Junbao , Kwok William W. , Marrack Philippa , Kappler John W. , Dai Shaodong 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceInsulin is a target of CD4 T cells in type 1 diabetes in mice and humans. Why the major epitope in the insulin B chain is presented poorly to the diabetogenic CD4 T cells by the disease-associated major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) alleles has been highly debated. Here we present high-resolution mouse and human MHCII structures and T-cell functional data to show that C-terminal modifications of this epitope are required for binding and presentation in the appropriate position in the MHCII binding groove. These results suggest that pancreas-specific posttranslational modifications of this peptide may play a role in the induction of diabetes and explain how the pathogenic T cells escape deletion in the thymus.
Three-dimensional forces exerted by leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells dynamically facilitate diapedesis
Authors: Yeh Yi-Ting , Serrano Ricardo , François Joshua , Chiu Jeng-Jiann , Li Yi-Shuan Julie , del Álamo Juan C. , Chien Shu , Lasheras Juan C. 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceDiapedesis is a key step in the innate immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that mechanical forces exerted by leukocytes and/or vascular endothelial cells (VECs) could play an important role during diapedesis. However, it is unclear how these forces physically pull the VEC junctions apart and drive the transmigration of the leukocyte. In this study, we quantify the sequence of mechanical events involved in paracellular diapedesis and experimentally demonstrate that the forces exerted by leukocytes can modulate the VEC tensions to open junctional gaps, and subsequently push into the underlying matrix to thrust an invasive protrusion. We also show that diapedesis can be mechanically facilitated by proinflammatory signals that increase VEC contractility, leading to spatial heterogeneities in VEC monolayer tensions.
Enzyme leaps fuel antichemotaxis
Authors: Jee Ah-Young , Dutta Sandipan , Cho Yoon-Kyoung , Tlusty Tsvi , Granick Steve 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Challenging the traditional view that enzyme kinetics are only a matter of catalyzing chemical reactions, there is mounting evidence that the enzyme catalysis enhances enzyme mobility. This is significant to programming spatio-temporal patterns of molecular response to chemical stimulus, which is common to living matter as well as to significant chemical technology. This paper shows that the enhanced diffusivity of enzymes is a “run-and-tumble” process analogous to that performed by swimming microorganisms, executed in this situation by molecules that lack the decision-making machinery of microorganisms. The result is that enzymes display “antichemotaxis” when they turn over substrate; they migrate in the direction of lesser reactant concentration.