bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Assessment of Boundary Limits of Health Risks Associated with WBV Exposure Based on Field Studies on LHD Vehicles in Indian Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Sharma Amit , Mandal Bibhuti B. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The mining sector plays a pivotal role in meeting global resource demands, necessitating the extensive use of heavy earth-moving machinery (HEMM). Among these, load-haul-dump (LHD) mining vehicles are vital but expose operators to whole-body vibration (WBV) and shocks during their duties. Research indicates potential health risks associated with occupational WBV exposure, including musculoskeletal disorders. Evaluating these risks typically employs ISO 2631-1:1997, which, however, has limitations in addressing long-term exposure and shock effects.

Methods:
This study quantifies the health risks of LHD operators in Indian underground coal mines using ISO 2631-5:2018 and compares it to ISO 2631-1:1997. The methods for risk quantification from WBV vary between the two standards, leading to a comprehensive comparison. In addition, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess self-reported musculoskeletal pain among LHD operators.

Results:
The results were compared in accordance with frequency-weighted root mean square (RMS) values, vibration dose values (VDV), daily compressive dose (Sd
A), and the risk of injury (RA) factor. The assessment using A(8), VDV, Sd
A, and RA produced diverse evaluations, influencing varying perspectives on occupational health despite significant risks. ISO 2631-5:2018 consistently suggested a lower health risk for LHD operators as opposed to ISO 2631-1:1997. Seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) values showed amplification of vibration in the range of 4-8 Hz. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain indicated the prevalence of discomfort among operators.

Conclusion:
The study emphasizes a cautious approach when interpreting results and shaping guidelines to ensure sustainable development through the well-being of mining industry workers.
Association Between Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction in Workers Chronically Exposed to Occupational Noise
Authors: Nadri Hamed , Khavanin Ali , Kim In-Ju , Akbari Mehdi , Nadri Farshad , Yeganeh Reza 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Despite the understanding of the association between noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), the effects of noise on vestibular function are less well understood and neglected.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the vestibular system in workers with NIHL.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty male textile workers with symmetrical NIHL (49.3 ± 4.5 dB at 4 kHz) and thirty healthy male textile office staff with normal hearing were included in this study. Pure tone audiometry using air conduction and bone conduction was used to determine hearing thresholds. The videonystagmography battery test, including the oculomotor test, caloric test, and video head impulse test (vHIT), was used for the evaluation of vestibular system function.

Results:
There was no difference in saccadic tracking, smooth pursuit tracking, and optokinetic nystagmus between the two groups. It was found that the abnormal vHIT was significantly higher in workers with NIHL (40%) than in the control group (3.3%). In addition, the abnormal caloric test was significantly higher in workers with NIHL (33.3%) than in the control group (0%). The association between the hearing thresholds of 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz and vestibular dysfunction was significant.

Conclusion:
This study provides evidence of the simultaneous occurrence of NIHL and vestibular dysfunction. In other words, the results support the role of noise as a risk factor for the development of vestibular dysfunction in textile workers.
Occupational Health Hazards of Unburnt Tobacco among the 1039 Rural Women Beedi Rollers in the Northern Districts of Telangana State
Authors: Reddy Penagaluru Pardhanandana , Vanitha Baluka , Madhuri Lakkampelly , Sultana Shehnaz , Manideep Busarapu , Prashanth Ch. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Women roll beedis from a young age and expose continuously to unburnt tobacco dust for many years. Due to poverty, ignorance, and lack of literacy, women and young individuals engage in less profitable occupation. The study was conducted in a large sample to know the occupational health morbidities in rural women.

Materials and Methods:
Women beedi rollers and nonbeedi rollers living in villages of Jagitial and Nizamabad districts were selected for the study. Individuals who signed consent are interviewed about their health profile using a predesigned standard questionnaire.

Result:
A high frequency of general health problems was observed in the present study. Hypertension, body pains, and headache are the most prevalent health issues observed in more than half of beedi rollers.

Conclusion:
Awareness programs must be implemented to decrease the health hazards and provide alternate job opportunities for better health.
Vaccine-induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia and Graft Thrombosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Shahanas P. S. , Unni V. Narayanan , Prasannan Minnu , Prasannan Bipi , Charles Deepak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The use of COVID-19 vaccines has been associated with sporadic reports of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia, a complication referred to as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Early recognition of this entity before the occurrence of thrombosis detected by imaging is termed as a pre-VITT syndrome. Thrombosis has been reported to occur in the cerebral venous system, splanchnic veins as well as arteries to the lower limbs. We present the case of a young renal transplant recipient who presented with VITT following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) vaccination; in this case, thrombosis occurred in the intrarenal arteries of the graft kidney.
Reactive Chemical Gastropathy in PostLung Transplant Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Londhe Mangesh , Chhablani Nikita Ghanshamdas , Kendre Rahul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Reactive chemical gastropathy is also termed drug-induced gastropathy. The terms gastropathy and gastritis vary in their etiology ultimately causing mucosal injury. The gastric mucosa is different in different regions. The oxyntic mucosa is seen in the body and fundus while antral mucosa is seen in the antrum and pyloric region. Antral mucosa bares G-cell which gives fried egg appearance on hematoxylin and eosin stain. The normal gastric mucosa is devoid of neutrophils outside vascular spaces. Most of the drugs used in modern medicine are often associated with adverse effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and are mild but can be life-threatening. Here, we discuss a case of a 67-year-old male who had undergone a lung transplant in 2023, followed by reactive chemical gastropathy in 2024 with deposition of Kayexalate crystals in gastric mucosa while being treated for hyperkalemia which is a rare entity noticed in posttransplant patients.
Nontubercular Primary Spinal Epidural Abscess – A Retrospective Study of 11 Culture-Positive Cases
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Bhattacharyya Chandramouli , Maity Anupam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
An epidural abscess that occurs in the absence of contiguous spread from vertebral osteomyelitis or following spinal surgery, spinal anesthesia, or open spinal injuries is considered to be a primary spinal epidural abscess (SEA). The triad of back pain, fever, and progressive neurological dysfunction has long been considered to be the hallmark of primary SEA.

Objective:
The vast majority of epidural abscesses in our country are either tubercular or associated with pyogenic spondylitis. Primary non tubercular spinal epidural abscesses are rare and also need a different paradigm of management in terms of need for stabilization and duration of antibiotic treatment that we wish to highlight.

Material and Methods:
Eleven consecutive cases of nontubercular primary SEA were operated by the corresponding author between 2010 and 2019. Their clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, blood investigations, bacteriological profile, and outcomes were extracted from the patient files and follow-up visits to the outpatient clinic and analyzed 5 years after the last case.

Results:
All patients had spinal pain at presentation. Seven patients had fever and ten had neurological deficits at presentation. Diabetes and renal failure were the most common comorbidities. All patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein at presentation. The total leukocyte count was not uniformly elevated. One patient who was human immunodeficiency virus positive with a low cell count could not be operated. Diagnosis in his case was established by computed tomography-guided aspirate of the pus. Of the remainder, one patient had no recovery following surgery and two patients had residual deficits. Gram-positive coverage was started empirically in all patients who were operated and based on cultures changed and later extended orally for 4 weeks after discharge till repeat MRI and blood cultures were satisfactory.

Conclusions:
SEA is a surgical emergency. The majority of cases are caused by Gram-positive bacteria, and many of the patients have comorbidities that need to be addressed. Patients with better preoperative neurological status and those with lumbar location of abscess tend to have a better recovery. Antibiotic treatment must be continued till postoperative radiological and hematological parameters are satisfactory.
Effect of low-frequency blood glucose self-monitoring on glycosylated hemoglobin levels among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sahebkar Mohammad , Ariafar Atousa , Attarzadeh Farnush , Rahimi Najmeh , Malkemes Susan J , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Assarroudi Abdolghader 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Reducing the frequency of self-monitoring of blood sugar, due to needle phobia, pain, stress, and costs associated with the procedure, can improve patient compliance and quality of life, provided that adequate blood sugar control is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency blood glucose self-monitoring (LFBGSM) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels among older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treated with or without insulin.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was conducted on 121 older adults with T2DM in Sabzevar, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. Initially, subjects were stratified based on the type of treatment (with or without insulin) and then randomly assigned to intervention (LFBGSM) and control (no blood glucose self-monitoring [no-BGSM]) groups. HbA1C levels were measured at the beginning of the study and 3 months later for all study groups.

Results:
The mean age of participants treated with and without insulin was 64.3 ± 9.60 and 64.7 ± 5.01 years, respectively. The ANCOVA test revealed a significant difference in the mean HbA1C levels among the four groups 3 months postintervention (P < 0.001). The HbA1C scores significantly decreased in the LFBGSM groups and increased in the no-BGSM groups at 3 months postintervention (insulin/LFBGSM, insulin/no-BGSM, noninsulin/LFBGSM, and noninsulin/no-BGSM: 7.74 ± 0.76, 8.34 ± 1.53, 7.70 ± 0.75, and 8.14 ± 1.11, respectively) compared to baseline (8.25 ± 0.67, 8.03 ± 0.64, 8.08 ± 0.69, and 7.83 ± 0.74, respectively). The least significant difference post
hoc tests showed significant differences between specific groups, emphasizing subtle responses to interventions (P values ranging from 0.001 to 0.929).

Conclusion:
Findings suggest a significant reduction in HbA1C scores within the LFBGSM groups, while a discernible increase is observed in the no-BGSM groups over the 3 months. These findings underscore the efficacy of the interventions and emphasize the crucial role of personalized approaches in optimizing glycemic control for individuals with diabetes.
Effectiveness and safety of semaglutide in overweight/obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Liu , Duan Xueyu , Hua Peng , Wu Shilin , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The objective of the study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
The study, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450979), was designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using a combination of subject matter and free words, a comprehensive search of Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without Type 2 diabetes mellitus from January 1, 2020, to July 14, 2023. The primary outcomes were the changes in body weight and adverse drug reaction (ADR). Random or fixed effects models were used in meta-analysis, pooling data as relative risks (RRs) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool was used to assess quality. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results:
A total of 2490 publications were retrieved. Fifteen publications were finally included, totaling 6984 overweight or obese adult patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the semaglutide group was reduced more significantly in body weight (MD = −7.49, 95% CI [−9.92, −5.07], P < 0.001), body mass index (MD = −3.35, 95% CI [−4.79, −1.92], P < 0.001), waist circumference (MD = −7.26, 95% CI [−9.94, −4.58], P < 0.001), as well as glycosylated hemoglobin (RR = −0.66, 95% CI [−1.07, −0.25], P = 0.002), fasting blood glucose values (RR = −4.81, 95% CI [−7.03, −2.60], P < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (RR = −3.37, 95% CI [−5.32, −1.42], P < 0.001), and the proportion of patients who lost > 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of their overall body weight, respectively (RR = 3.19, 95% CI [1.89, 5.36], P < 0.001), (RR = 4.74, 95% CI [2.78, 8.11], P < 0.001), (RR = 6.17, 95% CI [3.88, 9.82], P < 0.001), and (RR = 9.14, 95% CI [6.05, 13.80], P < 0.001) were also superior to the control group. Regarding safety, the incidence of total ADR in the semaglutide group was close to the placebo group. Still, gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were higher than those in the control group.

Conclusion:
Semaglutide can effectively lose weight in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, potentially providing cardiovascular benefits; however, gastrointestinal adverse should be closely monitored.
Safety and efficacy of vancomycin therapy in a tertiary care hospital: A prospective observational study
Authors: Grigorious Aparna , Shiburaj Farishtha , Pooja M. S. , Jose Binu , Upendran Binu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vancomycin is widely used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. However, its use results in several clinically significant side effects in human beings. This study focuses on the safety and clinical outcomes of vancomycin therapy and its judicious use in hospitalized patients.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 6 months in Lourdes Hospital, Ernakulam. Demographic and clinical details, including pertinent laboratory values of patients prescribed with vancomycin during hospitalization, were documented and analyzed using a specifically designed data collection form.

Results:
Positive clinical outcomes were observed in a study of 60 patients treated with vancomycin for various infections, although two died within 30 days. The average duration of therapy was 6.86 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 12.23 days. Nephrotoxicity was observed in 5% of patients, with 11.6% developing acute kidney injury network (AKIN) Stage 1 and 5% progressing to Stage 2. Laboratory results demonstrated recovery from infection (reflected by reduced neutrophil and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels) alongside a slight increase in creatinine levels and a significant decrease in urea levels. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 19 patients (31.7%).

Conclusion:
This study assessed the safety and efficacy of vancomycin, highlighting nephrotoxicity in 16.6% of patients. Despite some adverse reactions, there were favorable responses in 90% of the cases. Doses were administered according to standard guidelines. The study’s findings contributed to developing proposed guidelines for vancomycin use in collaboration with the Nephrology Department.
Lost in the shadows: shedding light on forgotten ureteral stent syndrome
Authors: Gawali Amey , Singhania Piyush , Patil Ajinkya , Vishwakarma Kapil , Kulkarni Sharang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ureteral stents have been essential in urology for over four decades, yet the challenge of retained or forgotten stents persists. This syndrome occurs when a DJ stent remains beyond its recommended removal time, typically more than 2 weeks, leading to complications like migration, fragmentation, and encrustation. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with a two-month history of right flank pain, burning urination, and intermittent fever. She had undergone right stent lithotripsy 3 years prior. Imaging revealed a fractured double J stent with significant renal and bladder stones, extensive ureteral encrustation, and a large retroperitoneal collection. The right kidney showed cortical thinning and gross hydronephrosis. Initial management included broad-spectrum antibiotics, a pigtail catheter, and percutaneous nephrostomy. In a second session, mechanical cystolithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy removed the bladder and renal calculi, and the fractured stent ends. The patient recovered uneventfully. Forgotten ureteral stents often require staged endoscopic interventions due to encrustation. Timely stent removal is critical and often overlooked due to inadequate counseling. Establishing a stent registry and an automated reminder system via a mobile app could help prevent these occurrences.
Role of artificial intelligence in medical radiology and imaging
Authors: Arfat Mohd. , Nisha T. K. , Sahu Sapna , Rashid Mohd. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing radiology, oncology, and other medicine and veterinary care areas. Adopting deep learning algorithms has significantly advanced image analysis and disease detection. This study explores how AI is reshaping the roles of radiologists and radiographers. It highlights its vital function in infection detection and control, as evidenced by its impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In veterinary radiation oncology, AI supports complex contouring and treatment planning. However, while AI offers numerous advantages, its implementation must be cautiously approached. Radiologists face challenges, particularly the overwhelming volume of imaging data, which AI helps manage through artificial neural networks and machine learning (ML) algorithms—two significant innovations in this field. In veterinary radiation oncology, AI facilitates collaboration, standardization of data, and the creation of standard operating procedures. Early disease detection, enabled by AI, is essential for initiating treatments that can improve patient outcomes and prognosis. AI is crucial in analyzing large medical datasets, including imaging and clinical data, through advanced algorithms and ML techniques. In veterinary medicine, AI is key to addressing complex challenges in host–pathogen interactions, precision medicine, and predictive epidemiology. AI-powered solutions for continuous monitoring ensure that at-risk patients receive ongoing observation, enabling the rapid detection of changes in health markers. This approach is especially advantageous in managing chronic conditions, enabling proactive healthcare, and facilitating early intervention.
Comprehensive overview of the current state and impact of cohort studies in newborn screening
Authors: Sangale Priyanka , Khadse Atul , Bhangale Charushila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a rare and complex group of inherited disorders, typically observed in infants as autosomal recessive or, less commonly, as X-linked recessive conditions. Newborn screening (NBS) for IEMs can significantly improve prognosis and quality of life through early diagnosis and intervention, marking a significant public health achievement. NBS programs vary by country, but generally include tests for a range of metabolic errors, endocrine disorders, primary immunodeficiency disorders, congenital deafness, congenital heart defects, and cystic fibrosis. Integrating mass spectrometry (MS/MS), genetic sequencing, and emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing into NBS programs represents a substantial advancement in the field of healthcare. These technologies enable early detection, intervention, and the possibility of personalized treatments through gene therapies. Such advancements are poised to shape the future of NBS, potentially enhancing healthcare outcomes for newborns on a global scale. Neonatal screening is the most well-known and widely implemented proactive and preventative pediatric public health initiative worldwide. It encompasses a comprehensive education system, screening, diagnostic confirmation, management, follow-up, and counseling. This article reviews recent advances in newborn metabolic screening, drawing on the results of various clinical trials and pilot studies.
Comparative study on conventional diagnostic methods with GeneXpert and TrueNat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) assay of tuberculosis disease
Authors: Birhman Nikita , Payal Nikhil , Khandait Manisha , Bhardwaj Mohit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. While pulmonary TB (PTB) is the most prevalent form, comprising the majority of cases, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TB spreads through the air when individuals with lung TB cough, sneeze, or spit.

Aim:
We aim to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of molecular diagnostic methods versus conventional techniques for detecting PTB.

Results:
Among 1100 samples analyzed, 384 cases (34.90%) of TB were identified, encompassing both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms. The highest number of samples was collected from individuals aged 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years. In particular, 70 out of 114 pus samples (61.40%) tested positive for EPTB. In contrast, only 5 out of 79 pleural fluid samples (6.33%) and 16 out of 32 lymph node samples (50%) tested positive for EPTB.

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing research and the development of accurate, sensitive, and accessible diagnostic methods to combat TB effectively. PTB was observed to be more prevalent, affecting a larger proportion of individuals, while EPTB accounted for a smaller, though significant, number of cases.