bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RuLearn: an Open-source Toolkit for the Automatic Inference of Shallow-transfer Rules for Machine Translation
Authors: Sánchez-Cartagena Víctor M. , Pérez-Ortiz Juan Antonio , Sánchez-Martínez Felipe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract This paper presents ruLearn, an open-source toolkit for the automatic inference of rules for shallow-transfer machine translation from scarce parallel corpora and morphological dictionaries. ruLearn will make rule-based machine translation a very appealing alternative for under-resourced language pairs because it avoids the need for human experts to handcraft transfer rules and requires, in contrast to statistical machine translation, a small amount of parallel corpora (a few hundred parallel sentences proved to be sufficient). The inference algorithm implemented by ruLearn has been recently published by the same authors in Computer Speech & Language (volume 32). It is able to produce rules whose translation quality is similar to that obtained by using hand-crafted rules. ruLearn generates rules that are ready for their use in the Apertium platform, although they can be easily adapted to other platforms. When the rules produced by ruLearn are used together with a hybridisation strategy for integrating linguistic resources from shallow-transfer rule-based machine translation into phrase-based statistical machine translation (published by the same authors in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, volume 55), they help to mitigate data sparseness. This paper also shows how to use ruLearn and describes its implementation.
Thrombophilia genetic testing in Romanian young women with acute thrombotic events: role of Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms / Evaluarea genetică a trombofiliilor la femei tinere din România cu evenimente acute trombotice: rolul Factorului V Leiden, Protrombinei G20210A, polimorfismelor MTHFR C677T și A1298C
Authors: Daraban Ana Maria , Trifa Adrian Pavel , Popp Radu Anghel , Botezatu Diana , Șerban Marinela , Uscatescu Valentina , Talmaci Rodica , Coriu Daniel , Ginghina Carmen , Jurcut Ruxandra Oana 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Objective: The present case-control study aimed at evaluating the contribution of thrombophilic polymorphisms to acute venous (VTE) as well as arterial thrombotic events (ATE) in a population of young women with few traditional thrombotic factors (CVRF).
Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients under 45 years of age, with less than 3 CVRF, evaluated for VTE or ATE, women and men as a comparator. The control group consisted of healthy young women. A thrombophilia panel and genetic testing for Factor V Leiden (FVL), G20210A Prothrombin and MTHFR polimorphisms were done.
Results: A total of 323 persons were enrolled: 71 women and 121 men with thromboembolic events, and 131 healthy female as controls. Hyperhomocysteinemia was more frequent in ATE (30.4%) than VTE female patients (6.25%), p<0.01. Genetic testing was available in 45 women and 84 men with acute thrombotic events and in all controls. Homozygous FVL was associated with VTE in young women (10.3% vs 0% controls, p<0.01). Prothrombin G20210A polymorphism had the lowest prevalence – 5.4% and only heterozygosity was found. MTHFR C677T heterozygosity showed no significant difference between women patients and controls (62.2 % vs 43.5% respectively, p=0.1). The homozygous status, less frequent (6.6%), was not associated with ATE or VTE. Homozygous MTHFR A1298C was associated with VTE in women (17.2% patients vs 4.5% controls, OR 4.34, p 0.02, CI 1.22-15.3).
Conclusion: In young women with few CVRF, mild hyperhomocysteinemia, homozygosity for FVL and for MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms increase the risk for VTE but not ATE. MTHFR polymorphisms are found with increased frequency in both healthy persons and patients therefore, their significance as an important thrombotic risk modifier remains unclear.
Late presentation of acromegaly in medically controlled prolactinoma patients
Authors: Manuylova Ekaterina , Calvi Laura M , Hastings Catherine , Vates G Edward , Johnson Mahlon D , Cave William T , Shafiq Ismat 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) from a single pituitary adenoma is common. In fact, up to 25% of patients with acromegaly may have PRL co-secretion. The prevalence of acromegaly among patients with a newly diagnosed prolactinoma is unknown. Given the possibility of mixed GH and PRL co-secretion, the current recommendation is to obtain an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with prolactinoma at the initial diagnosis. Long-term follow-up of IGF-1 is not routinely done. Here, we report two cases of well-controlled prolactinoma on dopamine agonists with the development of acromegaly 10–20 years after the initial diagnoses. In both patients, a mixed PRL/GH-cosecreting adenoma was confirmed on the pathology examination after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Therefore, periodic routine measurements of IGF-1 should be considered regardless of the duration and biochemical control of prolactinoma.

Learning points:

Acromegaly can develop in patients with well-controlled prolactinoma on dopamine agonists.

The interval between prolactinoma and acromegaly diagnoses can be several decades.

Periodic screening of patients with prolactinoma for growth hormone excess should be considered and can  lead to an early diagnosis of acromegaly before the development of complications.
Išpažinta tapatybė
Authors: Sverdiolas Arūnas 
Published: October 2016

(Parengė / Edited by Dainora Pociūtė, Abraomas Kulvietis: Pirmasis Lietuvos reformacijos paminklas / The First Recorded Text of the Lithuanian Reformation. Confessio fidei by Abraomas Kulvietis and Oratio funebris by Johann Hoppe (1547). Studija, faksimilė, komentuotas leidimas, vertimas į lietuvių kalbą / A Study, Facsimile, a New Edition with Commentaries and Translation into Lithuanian (Monumenta Reformationis Lithuanicae, t. 1), Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2011
Mental and Physical Health of Children in Foster Care
Authors: Turney Kristin , Wildeman Christopher 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Each year, nearly 1% of US children spend time in foster care, with 6% of US children placed in foster care at least once between their birth and 18th birthday. Although a large literature considers the consequences of foster care placement for children’s wellbeing, no study has used a nationally representative sample of US children to compare the mental and physical health of children placed in foster care to the health of children not placed in foster care.

METHODS:
We used data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized children in the United States, and logistic regression models to compare parent-reported mental and physical health outcomes of children placed in foster care to outcomes of children not placed in foster care, children adopted from foster care, children across specific family types (eg, single-mother households), and children in economically disadvantaged families.

RESULTS:
We find that children in foster care are in poor mental and physical health relative to children in the general population, children across specific family types, and children in economically disadvantaged families. Some differences are explained by adjusting for children’s demographic characteristics, and nearly all differences are explained by also adjusting for the current home environment. Additionally, children adopted from foster care, compared with children in foster care, have significantly higher odds of having some health problems.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children in foster care are a vulnerable population in poor health, partially as a result of their early life circumstances.
Trends in Susceptibility to Smoking by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: El-Toukhy Sherine , Sabado Melanie , Choi Kelvin 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Examine racial/ethnic differences in smoking susceptibility among US youth nonsmokers over time and age.

METHODS:
We used nationally representative samples of youths who never tried cigarettes (N = 143 917; age, 9–21, mean, 14.01 years) from National Youth Tobacco Survey, 1999 to 2014. We used time-varying effect modeling to examine nonlinear trends in smoking susceptibility adjusted for demographics, living with smokers, and exposure to tobacco advertising.

RESULTS:
Compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), Hispanics were more susceptible to smoking from 1999 to 2014 (highest adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.67 in 2012). Non-Hispanic blacks were less susceptible to smoking than NHWs from 2000 to 2009 (lowest aOR, 0.80 in 2003–2005). Non-Hispanic Asian Americans were less susceptible to smoking from 2000 to 2009 (aOR, 0.83), after which they did not differ from NHWs. Other non-Hispanics were more susceptible to smoking than NHWs from 2012 to 2014 (highest aOR, 1.40 in 2014). Compared with NHWs, non-Hispanic blacks and other non-Hispanics were more susceptible to smoking at ages 11 to 13 (highest aOR, 1.22 at age 11.5 ) and 12 to 14 (highest aOR, 1.27 at age 12 ), respectively. Hispanics were more susceptible to smoking throughout adolescence peaking at age 12 (aOR, 1.60) and age 16.5 (aOR, 1.46). Non-Hispanic Asian Americans were less susceptible to smoking at ages 11 to 15 (lowest aOR, 0.76 at ages 11–13 ).

CONCLUSIONS:
Racial/ethnic disparities in smoking susceptibility persisted over time among US youth nonsmokers, especially at ages 11 to 13 . Interventions to combat smoking susceptibility are needed.
The use of selective media for determining quality of disinfection on food processing enterprises
Authors: Blashchuk V. V. 
Published: October 2016

Every week in different countries reports about outbreaks of infectious diseases are appeared . This incidents may arise on any part of production cycle and can have very serious consequences for food products manufacturers. That’s why special attention must be payed to the food safety and microbiological pollution. It is well known, that aim of disinfection is prevention or elimination of the accumulation, reproduction and spreading of infectious diseases agents at the environmental objects. Disinfection takes leading place in the system of preventive measures that should be seen as one of the leading epidemiological links provide security. Companies that produce, process or deliver food to the market should ensure that the consumption of these products will not harm consumers. In different countries almost every week there are reports of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Such incidents can occur on any part of the production cycle and can have serious implications for food producers. Hence the urgency is on food safety microbiological contamination. We know that task disinfection is the prevention or elimination process of accumulation, reproduction and spread of infectious diseases on environmental subjects. Most types of microbiological contamination is removed at a particular stage of purification. As result of the action both natural environmental factors and others chemical substances including disinfection materials, biological properties of infectious agents are change during weeks and days. For mycobacteria tuberculosis it is common resistance to different physical and chemical agents. Mycobacteria can transform from typical forms to adaptive forms, which can cause human and animal diseases. Main danger is that mycobacteria can contaminate soil as the results of drain waters from slaughterhouse, dairy farms, from sick animals. In this article proposed selective nutritional media VLAKOB for determining quality of disinfection on processing enterprises, which due to its growth properties can allow to determine the presence of mycobacteria and decrease test time.
Metabolic processes in the rumen and productive effect in the case of ionophore influence
Authors: Vozna O. , Zayats O. , Vynnychenko A. 
Published: October 2016

Cycle functions of tricarboxylic acids and cyclic process of the synthesis in fatty acids are possible under conditions of normal carbohydrate metabolism. That is why it is important to know the nature of normal condition of metabolism in the rumen and reasons of its disturbances and also be skillful enough to influence exogenous factors. Among the latter metabolic engineering is of special importance, which with the help of constructing the scales and speed of the cascade of main reactions in transformations of appropriate combinations of substrates and other effectors makes it possible to get the highest and productive effect. The article presents experimental data concerning the influence of antibiotic feed additive of monensin on metabolic processes in the rumen of calves and its productive effect. Obtained results of metabolism investigations in carbohydrates by means of mixed populations in the rumen of ruminants under the influence of ionophore additive widen information as to its role in the digestion of nutrients of the ration and also add some information concerning the influence on intermediate exchange and productive effect of exogenous factors of substrate – ergotropic complex which allows to construct a significant acceleration of anabolic processes and achieve high production levels. Research showed that ionophore additives have a high influence on the rumen intermediate metabolism of the growing calves especially when fed plants. Antibiotic feed additive monensin when given in the doze 0,5 gr/kg of living mass a day influences greatly the metabolic processes in the rumen, especially during the period of accustoming of animals to plant feeds and next periods. This influence is revealed first of all in the change of molar proportion of VFA ratio (increase of molar part of propionate because of acetate decrease), and also in average daily gains by 10,4% (compared with 1037 g and 939 g).
Slaughter indicators of broiler–chickens are for the ration enrichment by citrate of nanomolibden and complex food additive «Probics»
Authors: Holovko N. P. , Zabarna I. V. 
Published: October 2016

The work analyses the influence of citrate nanomolibden (CNM) and food additive (FA) «Probics» which is had on the slaughter indicators of broiler–chickens (pre–slaughtered mass, mass of non–cleaned carcass, mass of half–cleaned carcass, mass of cleaned carcass, mass of slaughtered carcass, mass of internals, and mass of internals in comparison with slaughtered outcome). The author determines that the broiler–chickens’ mass of the tested groups before being slaughtered as well as the mass of non–cleaned, half–cleaned and cleaned carcasses is definitely more than the same indicators of the controlled groups. Broiler–chickens’ slaughtered outcome has the biggest quantity in the tested groups in comparison with the controlled ones because the ration of the tested groups has been enriched by citrate of nanomolibden (CNM). For certain, the same indicator of broiler–chickens of the tested group, the ration of which has been enriched by food additive (FA) «Probics», does not differ from the controlled group but it is a little bit higher. Thus, the work highlights that the use of CNM in concentration 0.24 mg/dm³ has a positive influence on the indicators of slaughtered broiler–chickens in comparison with the controlled group as well as with the broiler–chickens’ group the ration of which has included FA «Probics». Having the aim to distinguish the functional load which is had on the viscera of the used nutraceuticals it has been set out that the mass ratio of edible organs such as liver, heart, muscular part of a stomach of broiler–chickens of the tested and controlled groups of pre–slaughtered outcome. The work proves that the mass of broiler–chickens’ viscera of the tested group such as liver, heart, muscular part of a stomach is relatively bigger in comparison to the control but their ratio to the slaughtered outcome has an opposite appropriateness.
Behaviourof cows and calves at different ways maintenance
Authors: Gordiychuk N. M. , Gordiychuk L. M. , Salamakha I. J. 
Published: October 2016

The paper studied the behavior of cows and calves Ukrainian red–spotted milk breed in terms attachable loose and maintenance. Established that cows without a leash in the pits had a positive impact on the calving and overall health. Stage removing the fetus in experimental cows compared with control counterparts were relatively short and averaged 33.1 min., and droppings from cows separated at 33.4 min. more. Cows in the control group compared with research peers after calving on holiday standing and lying down spending more time accordingly – 25.4 min. and 12.1 min. When cage dependent calves (control group) in the first day on vacation was spent lying 1293.2 min., Or 89.9% of the time of day, at 3, 6 and 9 days respectively 1259.4; 1221.0 and 1178.9 min. Or 87.5; 84.8 and 81.9% of the time of day. Their peers from the experimental group were spending less time on vacation lying: the first day of 10.8%, the third – at 14.3, 25.8 and sixth on the ninth day – at 38.0%. Calves research group may milk cow 10 – 12 times a day and spend this 5–10 times longer compared to a control group calves which water colostrum and milk of nipples drinkers three times a day. The presence of the mother and the possibility of arbitrary sucking stimulated locomotor activity calves research groups and partially reduced their leisure time lying down. In the course of time and motion observations of animal behavior found that cows without a leash in the pits had a positive impact on the calving and overall health. Stage removing the fetus in experimental cows compared with control counterparts were relatively short and averaged 33.1 min., which is 9.8 minutes. faster, and droppings from cows separated at 33.4 min. more. Cows in the control group compared with research peers after calving on holiday standing and lying down spending more time accordingly – 25.4 min. and 12.1 min. By way of keeping calves tethered spent on average 86.03% of the time of day to rest lying on a sucking niples drinkers – 0.7%, standing – 11.07% and 2.23% of the time of day drinking water whereas for loose–boxed way of keeping calves during the day to rest lying spent 63.80% of the time of day, sucking on – 5.53%, to walking – 12.98%, the rest standing – 16.58% and consumption of water – 1.50% of the time of day. Prospects for further research. In the future, will be studied the growth and development of experimental animals, behavioral responses in cows tethered Loose and maintenance of various front feed and rest in the barn.
Technological features of pork with PSE and DFD defects
Authors: Novhorodska N. V. 
Published: October 2016

In conditions of Ukraine`s membership in WTO new system of market regulation are created, which must meet requirements of EU to quality and safety of food products. Recently, in total amount of meat which comes to processing , part of pork with PSE and DFD defects are increased according to Ukrainian and foreign researchers. It is 50% of total amount. In this article shown the results of quality assesment of pork with PSE and DFD defects in comparison with NOW raw by organoleptic indicators and by pH level. Recently, the total amount of meat that goes to processing, the share of raw meat with signs PSE (pale, soft, watery) i DFD (dark, hard, dry) according to Ukrainian and foreign researchers it is 50% of raw materials. Processing of the meat on the traditional technological scheme there is instability quality indicators and output finished products. Increasing the number of meat with signs PSE i DFD leads not only to find ways to identify it, to prevent the emergence of such raw materials, but also requires the use of rational methods of processing such meat, because it conveys uncharacteristic technological properties, texture, taste, color and smell, which complicates the process of getting him meat products of high quality. In developed European countries, the amount of meat with signs PSE and DFD ranges from 5 to 40%, in CIS countries the quantity reaches 80% more meat with signs PSE recorded in pork and DFD is more typical for beef . It was established that organoleptic indicators of pork with PSE defects was differed from high quality meat(NOR), and pork with DFD defects differed, it was darker than quality meat. PH level difference between NOR and DFD pork decreased while store process, and between NOR and PSE – increased.
Meat and feather and down performance obroshynskyh gray geese II generation, crossed with a big gray breed
Authors: Petriv M. , Sloboda L. , Sloboda O. 
Published: October 2016

An slaughter, morphological and chemical characteristics of meat obroshynskyh young gray geese, geese crossed with a large gray rock. The average live weight of geese to the top of oviposition was – obroshyno gray, goose – 6.10 kg, geese – 7.00 kg, and Sun OG X: GG goose – 6.15 kg, geese – 7.32 kg. In absolute figures ante carcass live weight of males II (4725 g) prevailed peer group and to 2.94%, and female second group (4152 g) prevailed peers on this indicator at 4.19%. The weight of carcasses of male nepatranoyi second group was at 3.78% larger than males and groups, and group II females predominated peers on this indicator at 5.10%. The weight of carcasses of male patranoyi second group was 3.5% larger than males and groups, and group II females predominated peers on this indicator by 6.6%. Exit edible parts of young research groups was quite high, but this figure was highest in young second group. In the second group of males the figure was 61.5% and females – 58.9%. The mass of chilled carcasses of male second group was at 3.96% larger than males and groups, and group II females predominated peers on this indicator at 7.08%. Weight skin with subcutaneous fat in males Group II at 3.67% higher than the males and females of a second group of peers prevailed on this indicator at 4.64%. The mass of muscles in the male group II at 8.58% larger than the males and females of a second group of peers prevailed on this indicator – by 7.62%. Conducted studies found that productivity was higher in young animals obtained by crossing obroshynskyh gray females with males of a large gray rock.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РЕЖИМУ ТЕПЛОВОГО ОБРОБЛЕННЯ МОЛОЧНОЇ ОСНОВИ У ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СИРКОВИХ ДЕСЕРТІВ ДЛЯ ЛЮДЕЙ, СХИЛЬНИХ ДО АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ
Authors: Okunevska S.O. , Tkachenko N.A. , Nazarenko J.V. 
Published: October 2016

В роботі наведено результати визначення ефективності параметрів теплового оброблення молочних сумішей у технологіях сиркових десертів для людей, схильних до артеріальної гіпертензії (АГ). Вибір режиму пастеризації зумовлюється не тільки необхідністю знищення мікрофлори, а й особливостями технологічного процесу виробництва цільових молочних продуктів.
Обґрунтування режимів теплового оброблення молочної сировини є одним із важливих етапів при розробці та удосконаленні технологій кисломолочних продуктів взагалі, і сиркових десертів, зокрема.
Дослідження проводили за допомогою чашкового методу, посівом підготовлених зразків в розплавлене поживне середовище з подальшим культивуванням. Перевірку ефективності режимів теплового оброблення знежиреного молока, збагаченого фруктозою та/або рисовим борошном для дитячого харчування, здійснювали розрахунковим методом за співвідношенням КМАФАнМ до та після пастеризації.
В результаті експериментальних досліджень встановлено раціональні режими теплового оброблення молочних сумішей при виробництві сиркових десертів для людей, схильних до АГ;показановідсутність впливу фруктози та рисового борошна для дитячого харчуванняна ефективність пастеризації;обґрунтовано можливість та доведено доцільність використання традиційних технологічних режимів теплового оброблення при виробництві сиркових десертів для людей, схильних до АГ, а отже – відсутність необхідності встановлення додаткового обладнання у технологічній лінії.