bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics on the Pitch: The Impact Political Regimes Have on FIFA World Cup Success at Younger and Senior Levels*
Authors: Jiménez Luis F. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThis study explores the impact that regime type has on the success of men's national teams in the FIFA World Cup.MethodsThe article uses data for all World Cups between 1930 and 2010, as well as data for all qualification campaigns between 1970 and 2010. It employs an ordinary least squares (OLS) model to ascertain statistical correlations.ResultsI find that democracies have higher winning percentages at senior levels both during the actual World Cup and during the respective qualification campaigns. The opposite trend is found at the younger levels where authoritarian regimes are more likely to find success on the pitch during and after qualification.ConclusionsRegime type seems to play a role in the success of national teams. The article argues that this is because while authoritarian regimes can cobble together enough raw talent at the younger levels, this advantage disappears at later stages because democracies are more likely to develop the necessary additional ingredients that can allow professional soccer to thrive—competitive leagues, innovative tactics, and further development of natural abilities.
Teaching EBP Using Game‐Based Learning: Improving the Student Experience
Authors: Davidson Sandra J. , Candy Laurie 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence‐based practice (EBP) is considered a key entry to practice competency for nurses. However, many baccalaureate nursing programs continue to teach “traditional” nursing research courses that fail to address many of the critical knowledge, skills, and attitudes that foster EBP. Traditional classroom teaching strategies do little to promote the development of competencies critical for engaging in EBP in clinical contexts.Purpose and GoalsThe purpose of this work was to develop, implement, and evaluate an innovative teaching strategy aimed at improving student learning, engagement and satisfaction in an online EBP course. The goals of this paper are to: (1) describe the process of course development, (2) describe the innovative teaching strategy, and (3) discuss the outcomes of the pilot course offered using game‐based learning.MethodsA midterm course‐specific survey and standard institutional end of course evaluations were used to evaluate student satisfaction. Game platform analytics and thematic analysis of narrative comments in the midterm and end of course surveys were used to evaluate students’ level of engagement. Student learning was evaluated using the end of course letter grade.ResultsStudents indicated a high satisfaction with the course. Student engagement was also maintained throughout the course. The majority of students (87%, 26/30) continued to complete learning quests in the game after achieving the minimum amount of points to earn an A. Seven students completed every learning quest available in the game platform. Of the 30 students enrolled in the course, 17 students earned a final course grade of A+ and 13 earned an A.Linking Evidence to ActionProvide students with timely, individualized feedback to enable mastery learning. Create student choice and customization of learning. Integrate the use of badges (game mechanics) to increase engagement and motivation. Level learning activities to build on each other and create flow.
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for preventing influenza-related complications in people with asthma: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Vasileiou Eleftheria , Sheikh Aziz , Butler Chris , von Wissmann Beatrix , McMenamin Jim , Ritchie Lewis , Tian Lilly , Simpson Colin 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionInfluenza vaccination is administered annually as a preventive measure against influenza infection and influenza-related complications in high-risk individuals, such as those with asthma. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in people with asthma against influenza-related complications is still not well established.Methods and analysisWe will search the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Web of Science Core Collection, Science direct, WHO Library Information System (WHOLIS), Global Health Library and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang and ChongQing VIP) from Jan 1970 to Jan 2016 for observational and experimental studies on effectiveness of influenza vaccine in people with asthma. The identification of studies will be complemented with the searching of the reference lists and citations, and contacting influenza vaccine manufacturers to identify unpublished or ongoing studies. Two reviewers will extract data and appraise the quality of each study independently. Separate meta-analyses will be undertaken for observational and experimental evidence using fixed-effect or random-effects models, as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected. The review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Soil sample preparation techniques on routine analyses in Quebec affect lime and fertilizer recommendations
Authors: Chelabi Hakima , Khiari Lotfi , Gallichand Jacques , Joseph Claude-Alla 
Published: March 2016

Inadequate and (or) inconsistent soil sample preparation techniques (SPT) contribute to excessive variance, difficulties in soil test interpretation, and incorrect lime and fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SPT of five laboratories in Quebec (Canada) on chemical parameters measurement reliability. Samples of fine (G1), medium (G2), and coarse (G3) textured soils were collected from the surface layer. Three 500 g portions of each soil were sent to each laboratory for preparation. In addition, all samples were analyzed by the same laboratory for routine analyses. Nested ANOVA in a hierarchical model were performed with components of SPT interlaboratory reproducibility, SPT intralaboratory replicability, and intralaboratory soil analysis repeatability. Before samples were analyzed, we observed an important interlaboratory heterogeneity of particle size distributions for the same samples; due to sample preparation techniques, this can affect results of the analyses. Of all variables analyzed, the only significant, outside acceptable variations due to SPT were (1) pHwater in G1; (2) PM-III, AlM-III, and (P/Al)M-III in G1 and G2; (3) KM-III, CaM-III, MgM-III and organic matter in G3; and (4) MnM-III and CuM-III in G1, G2, and G3. The steps in SPT, mostly drying and crushing, require standardization to reduce the variance of the entire soil testing process.
Mechanisms for altering phosphorus sorption characteristics induced by low-molecular-weight organic acids
Authors: Wang Yongzhuang , Whalen Joann K. , Chen Xin , Cao Yanhong , Huang Bin , Lu Caiyan , Shi Yi 
Published: March 2016

Exudation of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) from plant roots enhances phosphorus (P) acquisition from soil, either by dissolving P fixed in secondary minerals or by reducing P sorption to organo-minerals. How LMWOAs may modify P sorption in soils with contrasting pH is not well understood, much less the mechanisms involved. The effects of three common LMWOAs (oxalic, citric, and malic acids) on P sorption in calcareous, neutral, and acidic soils were studied in batch experiments, followed by sequential P fractionation to elucidate the mechanisms whereby LMWOAs alter P sorption. The sorption data of the three soils fitted better to the Freundlich equation (r2 = 0.325–0.994, P < 0.05) than the Langmuir and linear equations. Oxalic, citric, and malic acids at 10 mmol kg−1 soil decreased the Freundlich P sorption parameters Kf and n, which represent P sorption capacity and energy, due to the fact that LMWOAs reduced P sorption in NaHCO3-Pi (soil soluble and exchangeable Pi, 23.8–30.9%) and NaOH-Pi (Fe-Pi and Al-Pi, 21.6–54.2%) fractions of the three soils. Comparing acidified P-LMWOAs solutions with the pH-adjusted P-LMWOAs solutions (pH = 7) had a minor effect on P sorption. Our results indicated that the reduction in soil P sorption was due to ligand exchange and chelation of LMWOAs with Fe and Al minerals, and the acid strength of LMWOAs had a minor effect on P sorption in calcareous, neutral, and acid soils.
Inhibition of Nucleotide Synthesis Targets Brain Tumor Stem Cells in a Subset of Glioblastoma
Authors: Laks Dan R. , Ta Lisa , Crisman Thomas J. , Gao Fuying , Coppola Giovanni , Radu Caius G. , Nathanson David A. , Kornblum Harley I. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Inhibition of both the de novo (DNP) and salvage (NSP) pathways of nucleoside synthesis has been demonstrated to impair leukemia cells. We endeavored to determine whether this approach would be efficacious in glioblastoma. To diminish nucleoside biosynthesis, we utilized compound DI-39, which selectively targets NSP, in combination with thymidine (dT), which selectively targets DNP. We employed in vitro and ex vivo models to determine the effects of pretreatment with dT + DI-39 on brain tumor stem cells (BTSC). Here, we demonstrate that this combinatorial therapy elicits a differential response across a spectrum of human patient–derived glioblastoma cultures. As determined by apoptotic markers, most cultures were relatively resistant to treatment, although a subset was highly sensitive. Sensitivity was unrelated to S-phase delay and to DNA damage induced by treatment. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that response across cultures was associated with the transcription factor PAX3 (associated with resistance) and with canonical pathways, including the nucleotide excision repair pathway, PTEN (associated with resistance), PI3K/AKT (associated with sensitivity), and ErbB2-ErbB3. Our in vitro assays demonstrated that, in sensitive cultures, clonal sphere formation was reduced upon removal from pretreatment. In contrast, in a resistant culture, clonal sphere formation was slightly increased upon removal from pretreatment. Moreover, in an intracranial xenograft model, pretreatment of a sensitive culture caused significantly smaller and fewer tumors. In a resistant culture, tumors were equivalent irrespective of pretreatment. These results indicate that, in the subset of sensitive glioblastoma, BTSCs are targeted by inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1271–8. ©2016 AACR.
Gene Signature in Sessile Serrated Polyps Identifies Colon Cancer Subtype
Authors: Kanth Priyanka , Bronner Mary P. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Burt Randall W. , Neklason Deborah W. , Hagedorn Curt H. , Delker Don A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Sessile serrated colon adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) are found during routine screening colonoscopy and may account for 20% to 30% of colon cancers. However, differentiating SSA/Ps from hyperplastic polyps (HP) with little risk of cancer is challenging and complementary molecular markers are needed. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of colon cancer development from SSA/Ps are poorly understood. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on 21 SSA/Ps, 10 HPs, 10 adenomas, 21 uninvolved colon, and 20 control colon specimens. Differential expression and leave-one-out cross-validation methods were used to define a unique gene signature of SSA/Ps. Our SSA/P gene signature was evaluated in colon cancer RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify a subtype of colon cancers that may develop from SSA/Ps. A total of 1,422 differentially expressed genes were found in SSA/Ps relative to controls. Serrated polyposis syndrome (n = 12) and sporadic SSA/Ps (n = 9) exhibited almost complete (96%) gene overlap. A 51-gene panel in SSA/P showed similar expression in a subset of TCGA colon cancers with high microsatellite instability. A smaller 7-gene panel showed high sensitivity and specificity in identifying BRAF-mutant, CpG island methylator phenotype high, and MLH1-silenced colon cancers. We describe a unique gene signature in SSA/Ps that identifies a subset of colon cancers likely to develop through the serrated pathway. These gene panels may be utilized for improved differentiation of SSA/Ps from HPs and provide insights into novel molecular pathways altered in colon cancer arising from the serrated pathway. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 456–65. ©2016 AACR.
Endometriosis and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Mu Fan , Rich-Edwards Janet , Rimm Eric B. , Spiegelman Donna , Missmer Stacey A. 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecologic disease associated with systemic chronic inflammation, heightened oxidative stress, and atherogenic lipid profile that may increase women’s risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods and Results—

We examined the prospective association between laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and subsequent CHD among 116 430 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1989–2009). Participants with a history of heart disease and stroke were excluded. When compared with women without endometriosis, women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis had a higher risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.98), angiographically confirmed angina (1.91; 1.59–2.29), coronary artery bypass graft surgery/coronary angioplasty procedure/stent (1.35; 1.08–1.69), or any of these CHD end points combined (1.62; 1.39–1.89), independent of potential demographic, anthropometric, family history, reproductive, and lifestyle confounders. Relative risk for the combined CHD end point was highest among women aged ≤40 years (3.08; 2.02–4.70) and decreased as age increased (40< age ≤50 years, 1.65; 1.35–2.02; 50< age ≤55 years, 1.44; 1.07–1.94; and age >55 years, 0.98; 0.56–1.72;
P
value, test for heterogeneity=0.001). Having had a hysterectomy/oophorectomy was associated with higher risk of combined CHD compared with not having had a hysterectomy/oophorectomy (1.51; 1.34–1.71). A percentage of 42 of the association between endometriosis and CHD could be explained by greater frequency of hysterectomy/oophorectomy and earlier age at surgery after endometriosis diagnosis.

Conclusions—
In this large, prospective cohort, laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis was associated with increased risk of CHD. The association was strongest among young women. Hysterectomy/oophorectomy was associated with higher risk of CHD and could partially explain the association between endometriosis and CHD.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Morphological Processing in Visual Word Recognition
Authors: Cavalli Eddy , Colé Pascale , Badier Jean-Michel , Zielinski Christelle , Chanoine Valérie , Ziegler Johannes C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe spatiotemporal dynamics of morphological, orthographic, and semantic processing were investigated in a primed lexical decision task in French using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The goal was to investigate orthographic and semantic contributions to morphological priming and compare these effects with pure orthographic and semantic priming. The time course of these effects was analyzed in anatomically defined ROIs that were selected according to previous MEG and fMRI findings. The results showed that morphological processing was not localized in one specific area but distributed over a vast network that involved left inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left orbitofrontal gyrus. Second, all morphological effects were specific, that is, in none of the ROIs could morphology effects be explained by pure orthographic or pure semantic overlap. Third, the ventral route was sensitive to both the orthographic and semantic “part” of the morphological priming effect in the M350 time window. Fourth, the earliest effects of morphology occurred in left superior temporal gyrus around 250 msec and reflected the semantic contribution to morphological facilitation. Together then, the present results show that morphological processing is not just an emergent property of processing form or meaning and that semantic contributions to morphological facilitation can occur as early as 250 msec in the left superior temporal gyrus.
Frontal Monitoring and Parietal Evidence: Mechanisms of Error Correction
Authors: Navarro-Cebrian Ana , Knight Robert T. , Kayser Andrew S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
When we respond to a stimulus, our decisions are based not only on external stimuli but also on our ongoing performance. If the response deviates from our goals, monitoring and decision-making brain areas interact so that future behavior may change. By taking advantage of natural variation in error salience, as measured by the RT taken to correct an error (RTEC), here we argue that an evidence accumulation framework provides a potential underlying mechanism for this variable process of error identification and correction, as evidenced by covariation of frontal monitoring and parietal decision-making processes. We study two early EEG signals linked to monitoring within medial PFC—the error-related negativity (ERN) and frontocentral theta activity—and a third EEG signal, the error positivity (Pe), that is thought to share the same parietal substrates as a signal (the P3b) proposed to reflect evidence accumulation. As predicted, our data show that on slow RTEC trials, frontal monitoring resources are less strongly employed, and the latency of the Pe is longer. Critically, the speed of the RTEC also covaries with the magnitude of subsequent neural (intertrial alpha power) and behavioral (post-error slowing) adjustments following the correction. These results are synthesized to describe a timing diagram for adaptive decision-making after errors and support a potential evidence accumulation mechanism in which error signaling is followed by rapid behavioral adjustments.
Factors Controlling Stratocumulus Cloud Lifetime over Coastal Land
Authors: Ghonima Mohamed S. , Heus Thijs , Norris Joel R. , Kleissl Jan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The breakup of stratocumulus clouds over coastal land areas is studied using a combination of large-eddy simulations (LESs) and mixed-layer models (MLMs) with a focus on mechanisms regulating the timing of the breakup. In contrast with stratocumulus over ocean, strong sensible heat flux over land prevents the cloud layer from decoupling during day. As the cloud thins during day, turbulence generated by surface flux becomes larger than turbulence generated by longwave cooling across the cloud layer. To capture this shift in turbulence generation in the MLM, an existing entrainment parameterization is extended. The MLM is able to mimic cloud evolution for a variety of Bowen ratios, but only after this modification of the entrainment parameterization. Cloud lifetime depends on a combination of the cloud-top entrainment flux, the Bowen ratio of the surface, and the strength of advection of cool ocean air by the sea breeze. For dry land surface conditions, the authors’ MLM suggests a breakup time a few hours after sunrise. For relatively wet land surface conditions, the cloud layer briefly breaks into partly cloudy conditions during midday, and the stratocumulus cloud reforms in the evening.
Prediction and Ensemble Forecast Verification of Hail in the Supercell Storms of 20 May 2013
Authors: Snook Nathan , Jung Youngsun , Brotzge Jerald , Putnam Bryan , Xue Ming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite recent advances in storm-scale ensemble NWP, short-term (0–90 min) explicit forecasts of severe hail remain a major challenge as a result of the fast evolution and short time scales of hail-producing convective storms and the substantial uncertainty associated with the microphysical representation of hail. In this study, 0–90-min ensemble hail forecasts for the supercell storms of 20 May 2013 over central Oklahoma are examined and verified, with the goals of 1) evaluating ensemble forecast performance, 2) comparing the advantages and limitations of different forecast fields potentially suitable for the prediction of hail and severe hail in a Warn-on-Forecast setting, and 3) evaluating the use of dual-polarization radar observations for hail forecast validation. To address the challenges of hail prediction and to produce skillful forecasts, the ensemble uses a two-moment microphysics scheme that explicitly predicts a hail-like rimed-ice category and is run with a grid spacing of 500 m. Radar reflectivity factor and radial velocity, along with surface observations, are assimilated every 5 min for 1 h as the storms were developing to maturity, followed by a 90-min ensemble forecast. Several methods of hail prediction and hail forecast verification are then examined, including the prediction of the maximum hail size compared to Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) hail observations, and verification of model data against single- and dual-polarization radar-derived fields including hydrometeor classification algorithm (HCA) output and the maximum estimated size of hail (MESH). The 0–90-min ensemble hail predictions are found to be marginally to moderately skillful depending on the verification method used.
The Pursuit of Otolaryngology Subspecialty Fellowships
Authors: Wilson Meghan N. , Vila Peter M. , Cohen David S. , Carter John M. , Lawlor Claire M. , Davis Kara S. , Raol Nikhila P. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo examine otolaryngology resident interest in subspecialty fellowship training and factors affecting interest over time and over the course of residency trainingStudy DesignCross‐sectional study of anonymous online survey data.SettingResidents and fellows registered as members‐in‐training through the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.Subjects and MethodsData regarding fellowship interest and influencing factors, including demographics, were extracted from the Section for Residents and Fellows Annual Survey response database from 2008 to 2014.ResultsOver 6 years, there were 2422 resident and fellow responses to the survey. Senior residents showed a statistically significant decrease in fellowship interest compared with junior residents, with 79% of those in postgraduate year (PGY) 1, 73% in PGY‐2 and PGY‐3, and 64% in PGY‐4 and PGY‐5 planning to pursue subspecialty training (P <. 0001). Educational debt, age, and intended practice setting significantly predicted interest in fellowship training. Sex was not predictive. The most important factors cited by residents in choosing a subspecialty were consistently type of surgical cases and nature of clinical problems.ConclusionsIn this study, interest in pursuing fellowship training decreased with increased residency training. This decision is multifactorial in nature and also influenced by age, educational debt, and intended practice setting.