bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotope fractionations across individual leaf carbohydrates in grass and tree species
Authors: Lehmann Marco M. , Gamarra Bruno , Kahmen Ansgar , Siegwolf Rolf T.W. , Saurer Matthias 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlmost no δ18O data are available for leaf carbohydrates, leaving a gap in the understanding of the δ18O relationship between leaf water and cellulose. We measured δ18O values of bulk leaf water (δ18OLW) and individual leaf carbohydrates (e.g. fructose, glucose and sucrose) in grass and tree species and δ18O of leaf cellulose in grasses. The grasses were grown under two relative humidity (rH) conditions. Sucrose was generally 18O‐enriched compared with hexoses across all species with an apparent biosynthetic fractionation factor (εbio) of more than 27‰ relative to δ18OLW, which might be explained by isotopic leaf water and sucrose synthesis gradients. δ18OLW and δ18O values of carbohydrates and cellulose in grasses were strongly related, indicating that the leaf water signal in carbohydrates was transferred to cellulose (εbio = 25.1‰). Interestingly, damping factor pexpx, which reflects oxygen isotope exchange with less enriched water during cellulose synthesis, responded to rH conditions if modelled from δ18OLW but not if modelled directly from δ18O of individual carbohydrates. We conclude that δ18OLW is not always a good substitute for δ18O of synthesis water due to isotopic leaf water gradients. Thus, compound‐specific δ18O analyses of individual carbohydrates are helpful to better constrain (post‐)photosynthetic isotope fractionation processes in plants.
Efficiency of Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease with Severe Psoriasiform Rash Induced by Biotherapies in an Adolescent
Authors: Bertrand Valérie , El Haite Abdelaziz , Carré Delphine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUstekinumab is approved for the treatment of psoriasis in adolescents and for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) in adults, but data are lacking in pediatric CD. We report a case of severe psoriasis induced by biotherapies in an adolescent with CD that improved after switching to ustekinumab (90 mg at weeks 0, 2, and 4 and then every 8 weeks). The patient had not experienced CD relapse after 1 year of follow‐up. Ustekinumab can be an alternative therapy for psoriasis induced by biotherapies when conventional treatment fails and can maintain remission of CD.
Does a meso‐caval shunt have positive effects in a pig large‐for‐size liver transplantation model?
Authors: Tannuri Ana Cristina Aoun , de Albuquerque Rangel Moreira Daniel , Belon Alessandro , Coelho Maria Cecília Mendonça , Gonçalves Josiane Oliveira , Serafini Suellen , Tannuri Uenis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn pediatric liver transplantations with LFS grafts, higher incidences of graft dysfunction probably occur due to IRI. It was postulated that increasing the blood supply to the graft by means of a meso‐caval shunt could ameliorate the IRI. Eleven pigs underwent liver transplantation and were divided into two groups: LFS and LFS+SHUNT group. A series of flowmetric, metabolic, histologic, and molecular studies were performed. No significant metabolic differences were observed between the groups. One hour after reperfusion, portal flow was significantly lower in the recipients than in the donors, proving that the graft was maintained in low portal blood flow, although the shunt could promote a transient increase in the portal blood flow and a decrease in the arterial flow. Finally, it was verified that the shunt promoted a decrease in inflammation and steatosis scores and a decrease in the expression of the eNOS gene (responsible for the generation of nitric oxide in the vascular endothelium) and an increase in the expression of the proapoptotic gene BAX. The meso‐caval shunt was responsible for some positive effects, although other deleterious flowmetric and molecular alterations also occurred.
High‐level Ab Initio Absorption Spectra Simulations of Neutral, Anionic and Neutral+ Chromophore of Green Fluorescence Protein Chromophore Models in Gas Phase and Solution
Authors: Georgieva Ivelina , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Trendafilova Natasha , Lischka Hans 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSemiclassical ab initio simulations of the absorption spectra of neutral and anionic p‐hydroxybenzylidene‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolinone (p‐HBDI), a model chromophore of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and of a positively charged neutral (N+)‐HBDI chromophore model, were performed in gas phase with the resolution‐of‐identity algebraic diagrammatic construction through second‐order (RI‐ADC(2)) method. The calculated absorption spectra in gas phase are composed of one band centered at 3.51 eV (HBDI), 2.50 eV (HBDI−) and 3.02 eV ((N+)‐HBDI) owing to the absorption of the first 1ππ* transition. Band maxima are redshifted by ~0.1 eV with respect to the corresponding vertical energies. The COSMO‐RI‐ADC(2) calculations of the first vertical excitation energy of HBDI, HBDI− and (N+)‐HBDI forms in polar solution including microsolvation simulate the observed solvent redshift for neutral HBDI and the solvent blueshift of the HBDI− and (N+)‐HBDI forms. The state‐specific solvation approach applied to TDDFT calculations reproduced the experimental solvent shifts for the three HBDI forms, demonstrating a more accurate theoretical description as compared to the linear‐response TDDFT approach.
Risk Modeling of Interdependent Complex Systems of Systems: Theory and Practice
Authors: Haimes Yacov Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe emergence of the complexity characterizing our systems of systems (SoS) requires a reevaluation of the way we model, assess, manage, communicate, and analyze the risk thereto. Current models for risk analysis of emergent complex SoS are insufficient because too often they rely on the same risk functions and models used for single systems. These models commonly fail to incorporate the complexity derived from the networks of interdependencies and interconnectedness (I–I) characterizing SoS. There is a need to reevaluate currently practiced risk analysis to respond to this reality by examining, and thus comprehending, what makes emergent SoS complex. The key to evaluating the risk to SoS lies in understanding the genesis of characterizing I–I of systems manifested through shared states and other essential entities within and among the systems that constitute SoS. The term “essential entities” includes shared decisions, resources, functions, policies, decisionmakers, stakeholders, organizational setups, and others. This undertaking can be accomplished by building on state‐space theory, which is fundamental to systems engineering and process control. This article presents a theoretical and analytical framework for modeling the risk to SoS with two case studies performed with the MITRE Corporation and demonstrates the pivotal contributions made by shared states and other essential entities to modeling and analysis of the risk to complex SoS. A third case study highlights the multifarious representations of SoS, which require harmonizing the risk analysis process currently applied to single systems when applied to complex SoS.
Palaeo‐environment in an ancient low‐latitude, arid lacustrine basin with loessite: The Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea, UK Continental Shelf
Authors: Wilkins Anne D. , Hurst Andrew , Wilson Michael J. , Archer Stuart 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPredominantly fine‐grained strata were deposited in the Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea area of the Northern Permian Basin. Previously regarded as monotonous red claystone, examination of continuous core reveals abundant stratification, significant variation in colour, siltstone as the prevalent average grain size, and claystone is rare. Loessite occurs beyond the north‐western lacustrine margin, and aerosol dust has inundated clay pellets derived from aeolian reworking of the desiccated lake floor. The loessite has limited evidence of pluvial reworking but rare fossil roots testify to sufficient moisture to sustain plants. Loessite has not previously been differentiated successfully from other fine‐grained strata in the subsurface, but this study defines the presence of random grain‐fabric orientation as an intrinsic unequivocal characteristic of loessite that formed during air‐fall deposition of aerosol dust. Comparison with outcrop data verifies the utility of grain fabric to differentiate loessite. Tosudite, an aluminous di‐octahedral regularly ordered mixed‐layer chlorite/smectite, which is rare in sedimentary rock, forms a significant proportion (10 to 21%) of the clay mineral fraction of loessite along with a similar quantity of kaolinite. In all other samples, only illite and chlorite are identified, which is typical of fine‐grained Triassic strata. In a location, close to the southern lake margin, lacustrine strata are characterized by fining‐upward couplets of very fine‐grained sandstone into siltstone and mudstone, with occasional desiccated surfaces. Small sand injections and associated sand extrusions are common and indicate periodic fluidization of sand. Precise stratigraphic location of the Smith Bank Formation is problematic because of extremely sparse fossil preservation; however, there is no sedimentological evidence for a period of hyperaridity known from the early Olenekian in continental Europe, which may mean that the North Permian Basin was never hyperarid or that the Smith Bank Formation is restricted to the Induan.
School context influences the ethnic identity development of immigrant children in middle childhood
Authors: Brown Christia Spears 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present paper describes a study investigating the ethnic identity development of Latino immigrant children (n = 155) in middle childhood (ages 8–11) in a predominantly White community. The study examined how ethnic identity was related to children's school context. School context was operationalized at the structural level, as the ethnic composition of the teachers and peers, as well as the schools' implicit messages about their valuing of multiculturalism; and the proximal interpersonal level, as children's perceptions of peer discrimination and teacher fairness. Results indicated that both the structural and proximal context predicted children's ethnic label choices, the importance placed on their ethnic identity, the positivity of their ethnic identity, and their American identity.
Therapeutic plasma exchange as part of multimodal treatment of acquired hemophilia in a patient with concurrent acute intracerebral bleed and pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wool Geoffrey D. , Chapel David , Treml Angela , Miller Jonathan L. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDAutoantibodies against Factor VIII (FVIII) define the rare but life‐threatening bleeding disorder acquired hemophilia A (AHA). Correction of FVIII deficiency and eradication of the factor inhibitor are the ultimate therapeutic goals in this disorder. Bypassing agents such as recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) or FVIII inhibitor bypassing agent are often used to control coagulopathy before the inhibitor is eradicated. Bypassing agents carry a risk of thrombosis, however.CASE REPORTWe report a patient with newly diagnosed AHA and thalamic bleed who additionally had active atrial fibrillation and developed a segmental pulmonary embolism, limiting tolerable rFVIIa dosage. This patient with very‐high‐risk brain bleed and concurrent thrombosis on bypass agent represented a significant management dilemma for which we successfully utilized therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to reduce the inhibitor titer.RESULTSFVIII inhibitor was undetectable and FVIII level was above the lower limit of normal within 12.5 days from starting TPE. While the patient ultimately died 24 days from admission for reasons unrelated to bleeding, his intracerebral hemorrhage was unchanged in size and no other bleeding morbidity was observed.CONCLUSIONThis patient achieved eradication of FVIII inhibitor and did not have bleed expansion while receiving multimodal therapy including corticosteroids, rituximab, and TPE. We discuss the periprocedural risks of TPE in an acquired hemophilia patient and our multiteam management of that risk.
Use of an electronic brachytherapy surface applicator to treat an epiglottal fibrosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Maitz Charles A. , Robinson Katherine L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPresented is the case of an epiglottal fibrosarcoma in a dog. The location of the mass resulted in challenges in the delivery of adequate dose to the tumor, and herein we describe the treatment using an electronic brachytherapy source. The treatment consisted of four Gy fractions, twice daily for a total of 10 fractions (40 Gy total). Visual reevaluation two weeks after treatment supported adequate spatial dose delivery, and the patient was reportedly improved six weeks after treatment. We demonstrate that plesiotherapy using an electronic brachytherapy device is feasible and may be useful in the treatment of carefully selected veterinary tumors.
Compensatory Eating Behaviors, Alcohol Consumption and Opioid Use in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Diehl Beau J. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of compensatory eating behaviors in relation to alcohol consumption in a clinical sample, to assess the moderating capabilities of opioid use in relation to alcohol use and compensatory behaviors, and to examine the predictive capabilities of gender-specific binge drinking in relation to compensatory behaviors.Methods: The Compensatory Eating Behaviors in Relation to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS), an opioid use survey, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were administered to residents at an addiction treatment facility (n = 77) over a period of 6 months.Results: Morphine was the only opioid to have significant relationships with the CEBRACS alcohol effects (r = - .33), diet/exercise (r = - .38), and restrictive eating (r = - .31), subscales (all p < .001), but not with the bulimic subscale. Heroin had the strongest correlations with all other opioids. Opioid use did not have a significant moderating effect between alcohol frequency and the CEBRACS in a single moderating regression analysis (b = .84, t(73) = .43, p = .67). Men (Mdn = 27.00) and women (Mdn = 33.00) did not differ on the CEBRACS, although women ranked higher than men (U = 678.00, z = - .68, ns, r = .08). Binge drinking predicted CEBRACS scores in both males (b = .50, t(38) = 3.59, p < .001) and females (b = .60, t(35) = 4.46, p < .001).Conclusions: Individual dietary habits fluctuate throughout alcohol consumption and the goals of the individual are crucial in discerning specific substance use vs disordered eating motivations.
Resistance exercise reduces memory impairment induced by monosodium glutamate in male and female rats
Authors: Araujo Paulo Cesar Oliveira , Quines Caroline Brandão , Jardim Natália Silva , Leite Marlon Regis , Nogueira Cristina Wayne 
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Monosodium glutamate causes cognitive impairment. Does resistance exercise improve the performance of rats treated with monosodium glutamate?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Resistance exercise is effective against monosodium glutamate‐induced memory impairment in male and female rats.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavour enhancer in diets, causes cognitive impairment in rodents. Exercise has been reported to protect against impairment of memory in humans. In this study, we investigated whether resistance exercise improves the performance of male and female rats treated with MSG in tests of memory and motor co‐ordination. Wistar rats received MSG [4 g (kg body weight)−1 day−1, s.c.] from postnatal day 1 to 10. At postnatal day 60, the animals started a resistance exercise protocol in an 80 deg inclined vertical ladder apparatus and performed it during 7 weeks. Rats performed object recognition and location memory tests. Resistance exercise reduced impairment in motor co‐ordination of male and female rats treated with MSG. Resistance exercise was effective against the decrease in exploratory preference in the long‐term recognition memory for novel objects of male rats treated with MSG. In MSG‐treated female rats, resistance exercise was effective against the decrease in exploratory preference in the novel object location test. The exploratory preference of female rats in the long‐term recognition memory test was similar in all groups. The short‐term memory was not altered by MSG or resistance exercise in male and female rats. This study demonstrates that MSG affected the memory of male and female rats in different ways. Resistance exercise was effective against the decrease in recognition for male rats and in location memory for female rats treated with MSG. This report demonstrates the beneficial effects of resistance exercise against the prejudice of motor condition and impairment of memory induced by MSG in male and female rats.
Direct current stimulation boosts synaptic gain and cooperativity in vitro
Authors: Rahman Asif , Lafon Belen , Parra Lucas C. , Bikson Marom 
Published: April 2017

Key points
Direct current stimulation (DCS) polarity specifically modulates synaptic efficacy during a continuous train of presynaptic inputs, despite synaptic depression.
DCS polarizes afferent axons and postsynaptic neurons, boosting cooperativity between synaptic inputs.
Polarization of afferent neurons in upstream brain regions may modulate activity in the target brain region during transcranial DCS (tDCS).
A statistical theory of coincident activity predicts that the diffuse and weak profile of current flow can be advantageous in enhancing connectivity between co‐active brain regions.
AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces sustained and diffuse current flow in the brain with effects that are state dependent and outlast stimulation. A mechanistic explanation for tDCS should capture these spatiotemporal features. It remains unclear how sustained DCS affects ongoing synaptic dynamics and how modulation of afferent inputs by diffuse stimulation changes synaptic activity at the target brain region. We tested the effect of acute DCS (10–20 V m−1 for 3–5 s) on synaptic dynamics with constant rate (5–40 Hz) and Poisson‐distributed (4 Hz mean) trains of presynaptic inputs. Across tested frequencies, sustained synaptic activity was modulated by DCS with polarity‐specific effects. Synaptic depression attenuates the sensitivity to DCS from 1.1% per V m−1 to 0.55%. DCS applied during synaptic activity facilitates cumulative neuromodulation, potentially reversing endogenous synaptic depression. We establish these effects are mediated by both postsynaptic membrane polarization and afferent axon fibre polarization, which boosts cooperativity between synaptic inputs. This potentially extends the locus of neuromodulation from the nominal target to afferent brain regions. Based on these results we hypothesized the polarization of afferent neurons in upstream brain regions may modulate activity in the target brain region during tDCS. A multiscale model of transcranial electrical stimulation including a finite element model of brain current flow, numerical simulations of neuronal activity, and a statistical theory of coincident activity predicts that the diffuse and weak profile of current flow can be advantageous. Thus, we propose that specifically because tDCS is diffuse, weak and sustained it can boost connectivity between co‐active brain regions.
Genotype‐specific pathogenic effects in human dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bollen Ilse A. E. , Schuldt Maike , Harakalova Magdalena , Vink Aryan , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Pinto Jose R. , Krüger Martina , Kuster Diederik W. D. , van der Velden Jolanda 
Published: April 2017

Key points
Mutations in genes encoding cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) caused altered troponin protein stoichiometry in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
TNNI3p.98trunc resulted in haploinsufficiency, increased Ca2+‐sensitivity and reduced length‐dependent activation.
TNNT2p.K217del caused increased passive tension.
A mutation in the gene encoding Lamin A/C (LMNAp.R331Q) led to reduced maximal force development through secondary disease remodelling in patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy.
Our study shows that different gene mutations induce dilated cardiomyopathy via diverse cellular pathways.
AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can be caused by mutations in sarcomeric and non‐sarcomeric genes. In this study we defined the pathogenic effects of three DCM‐causing mutations: the sarcomeric mutations in genes encoding cardiac troponin I (TNNI3p.98truncation) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2p.K217deletion; also known as the p.K210del) and the non‐sarcomeric gene mutation encoding lamin A/C (LMNAp.R331Q). We assessed sarcomeric protein expression and phosphorylation and contractile behaviour in single membrane‐permeabilized cardiomyocytes in human left ventricular heart tissue. Exchange with recombinant troponin complex was used to establish the direct pathogenic effects of the mutations in TNNI3 and TNNT2. The TNNI3p.98trunc and TNNT2p.K217del mutation showed reduced expression of troponin I to 39% and 51%, troponin T to 64% and 53%, and troponin C to 73% and 97% of controls, respectively, and altered stoichiometry between the three cardiac troponin subunits. The TNNI3p.98trunc showed pure haploinsufficiency, increased Ca2+‐sensitivity and impaired length‐dependent activation. The TNNT2p.K217del mutation showed a significant increase in passive tension that was not due to changes in titin isoform composition or phosphorylation. Exchange with wild‐type troponin complex corrected troponin protein levels to 83% of controls in the TNNI3p.98trunc sample. Moreover, upon exchange all functional deficits in the TNNI3p.98trunc and TNNT2p.K217del samples were normalized to control values confirming the pathogenic effects of the troponin mutations. The LMNAp.R331Q mutation resulted in reduced maximal force development due to disease remodelling. Our study shows that different gene mutations induce DCM via diverse cellular pathways.
Complete Genome Sequence of Spiroplasma citri Strain R8-A2
T
, Causal Agent of Stubborn Disease in
Citrus
Species
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Shao Jonathan , Zhao Yan , Gasparich Gail E. , Gaynor Brady J. , Donofrio Nicole 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Spiroplasma citri
causes stubborn disease in
Citrus
spp. and diseases in other plants. Here, we report the nucleotide sequence of the 1,599,709-bp circular chromosome and two plasmids of
S. citri
strain R8-A2
T
. This information will facilitate analyses to understand spiroplasmal pathogenicity and evolutionary adaptations to lifestyles in plants and arthropod hosts.
Pressure dependence of the electronic structure in kaolinite: A first-principles study
Authors: Fang Zhi-Jie , Zhai Xiao-Shuai , Li Zheng-Lin , Pan Rong-Jun , Mo Man 
Published: April 2017

Using the first-principle methods, the pressure dependence of the electronic structure and band structure of kaolinite were studied within the local-density approximation. The calculated results show that pressure would chiefly alter the band structure of kaolinite, while pressure can have its main effect on the band gap of kaolinite. At p = 0.6 GPa, band structure of kaolinite first converts an indirect gap into a direct gap, and then recovers an indirect gap structure at p = 66.2 GPa because CBM shift in the band structure is under high-pressure. The bond Si–O is more stable than bond Al–O under pressure, in addition, pressure has a significant effect on the inner hydroxyl bond of kaolinite and leads to a large variation of H–O(inner) bond lengths. The calculated results will not only help to understand the electronic structure of kaolinite under pressure, but also provide theoretical guidance for deal with the safe problems of soft-rock tunnel engineering.