bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MSH2 Loss in Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guedes Liana B. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Schweizer Michael T. , Mirkheshti Nooshin , Almutairi Fawaz , Park Jong Chul , Glavaris Stephanie , Hicks Jessica , Eisenberger Mario A. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Epstein Jonathan I. , Isaacs William B. , Eshleman James R. , Pritchard Colin C. , Lotan Tamara L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Inactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes may predict sensitivity to immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancers. We studied primary prostate tumors with MMR defects.
Experimental Design: A total of 1,133 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas and 43 prostatic small cell carcinomas (NEPC) were screened by MSH2 immunohistochemistry with confirmation by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed by PCR and NGS (mSINGS).
Results: Of primary adenocarcinomas and NEPC, 1.2% (14/1,176) had MSH2 loss. Overall, 8% (7/91) of adenocarcinomas with primary Gleason pattern 5 (Gleason score 9–10) had MSH2 loss compared with 0.4% (5/1,042) of tumors with any other scores (P &lt; 0.05). Five percent (2/43) of NEPC had MSH2 loss. MSH2 was generally homogenously lost, suggesting it was an early/clonal event. NGS confirmed MSH2 loss-of-function alterations in all (12/12) samples, with biallelic inactivation in 83% (10/12) and hypermutation in 83% (10/12). Overall, 61% (8/13) and 58% (7/12) of patients had definite MSI by PCR and mSINGS, respectively. Three patients (25%) had germline mutations in MSH2. Tumors with MSH2 loss had a higher density of infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes compared with grade-matched controls without MSH2 loss (390 vs. 76 cells/mm2; P = 0.008), and CD8+ density was correlated with mutation burden among cases with MSH2 loss (r = 0.72, P = 0.005). T-cell receptor sequencing on a subset revealed a trend toward higher clonality in cases versus controls.
Conclusions: Loss of MSH2 protein is correlated with MSH2 inactivation, hypermutation, and higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density, and appears most common among very high-grade primary tumors, for which routine screening may be warranted if validated in additional cohorts. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6863–74. ©2017 AACR.
Warlike and Peaceful Societies
Authors: Fog Agner 
Published: August 2017

Are humans violent or peaceful by nature? We are both.
In this ambitious and wide-ranging book, Agner Fog presents a ground-breaking new argument that explains the existence of differently organised societies using evolutionary theory. It combines natural sciences and social sciences in a way that is rarely seen.
According to a concept called regality theory, people show a preference for authoritarianism and strong leadership in times of war or collective danger, but desire egalitarian political systems in times of peace and safety. These individual impulses shape the way societies develop and organise themselves, and in this book Agner argues that there is an evolutionary mechanism behind this flexible psychology. Incorporating a wide range of ideas including evolutionary theory, game theory, and ecological theory, Agner analyses the conditions that make us either strident or docile. He tests this theory on data from contemporary and ancient societies, and provides a detailed explanation of the applications of regality theory to issues of war and peace, the rise and fall of empires, the mass media, economic instability, ecological crisis, and much more.
Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture draws on many different fields of both the social sciences and the natural sciences. It will be of interest to academics and students in these fields, including anthropology, political science, history, conflict and peace research, social psychology, and more, as well as the natural sciences, including human biology, human evolution, and ecology.
Factors That Influence the Recruitment and Retention of Nurses in Public Health Agencies
Authors: Yeager Valerie A. , Wisniewski Janna M. 
Published: August 2017

Objective: Given challenges to recruiting nurses to public health and the growth in national policies focused on population health, it is crucial that public health agencies develop strategies to sustain this important group of employees. The objective of this study was to examine factors that influence nurses’ decisions to work in public health agencies. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined perspectives of nurses who worked in state and local public health departments and responded to the 2010 Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice’s survey of public health workers. We calculated the mean rating of each recruitment and retention factor for nurses and non-nurses separately and compared differences by using t tests. We then used multivariate regression analysis to examine differences in ratings by role (ie, nurse or non-nurse). Results: After controlling for personal and organizational characteristics, the influence of 5 recruitment factors was significantly stronger among nurses than among non-nurses: flexibility of work schedule ( P < .001), autonomy/employee empowerment ( P < .001), ability to innovate ( P = .002), specific duties and responsibilities ( P = .005), and identifying with the mission of the organization ( P = .02). The influence of 5 retention factors was stronger among nurses than among non-nurses : autonomy/employee empowerment ( P < .001), flexibility of work schedule ( P < .001), specific duties and responsibilities ( P < .001), opportunities for training/continuing education ( P = .03), and ability to innovate ( P = .008). Conclusions: Some factors that influence nurses to begin and remain working in local governmental public health agencies, such as flexible schedules and employee autonomy, are factors that governmental public health agencies can design into positions and highlight when recruiting from health care organizations, private industry, and academia.
The association of generalized anxiety disorder and Somatic Symptoms with frequent attendance to health care services
Authors: Kujanpää Tero S , Jokelainen Jari , Auvinen Juha P , Timonen Markku J 
Published: August 2017

Objective Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with higher rate of physical comorbities, unexplained symptoms, and health care utilization. However, the role of somatic symptoms in determining health care utilization is unclear. The present study aims to assess the association of frequent attendance of health care services between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and somatic symptoms. Method This study was conducted cross-sectionally using the material of the 46-year follow-up survey of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Altogether, 5585 cohort members responded to the questionnaires concerning health care utilization, illness history, physical symptoms, and generalized anxiety disorder-7 screening tool. Odds ratios belonging to the highest decile in health care utilization were calculated for generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and all (n = 4) somatic symptoms of Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 controlled for confounding factors. Results Adjusted Odds ratios for being frequent attender of health care services were 2.29 (95% CI 1.58–3.31) for generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and 1.28 (95% CI 0.99–1.64), 1.94 (95% CI 1.46–2.58), 2.33 (95% CI 1.65–3.28), and 3.64 (95% CI 2.15–6.18) for 1, 2, 3, and 4 somatic symptoms, respectively. People with generalized anxiety disorder symptoms had on average a higher number of somatic symptoms (1.8) than other cohort members (0.9). Moreover, 1.6% of people without somatic symptoms tested positive for generalized anxiety disorder, meanwhile 22.6% of people with four somatic symptoms tested positive for generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusions Both generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and somatic symptoms are associated with a higher risk for being a health care frequent attender.
Predictive Value of the Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index for Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Cholestasis in Premature Infants With Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Vongbhavit Kannikar , Underwood Mark A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground: Parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis (PNAC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Early predictors of PNAC would have clinical value. We sought to evaluate risk factors and liver function testing as predictors of PNAC in premature infants with intestinal perforation. Methods: Medical records of infants with a gestational age <34 weeks, birth weight <2000 g, and intestinal perforation due to either necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation were reviewed. We analyzed clinical data and the maximum values of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST to ALT ratio, and total bilirubin (TB). Results: Sixty infants were identified, 17 infants with PNAC and 43 infants without PNAC. Sepsis, time to initiation of enteral feeds after perforation, and duration of PN were associated with PNAC. Within 2 weeks following intestinal perforation, APRI, ALT, and TB each differed significantly between infants who later developed PNAC and those that did not. The best APRI cut‐point was 0.4775 within 2 weeks after perforation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.90; positive predictive value, 85%; and negative predictive value, 87%); the cut‐point for ALT was 13.5 (0.90, 85%, 84%), and the cut‐point for TB was 3.55 (0.82, 69%, 83%), respectively, at 2 weeks after perforation. AST to ALT ratio did not differ between groups. Conclusions: APRI and ALT had reasonable predictive value for PNAC in premature infants with intestinal perforation, with the APRI the best predictor within 2 weeks after perforation.
Properties of nearly ω-continuous multifunctions
Authors: Carpintero C. , Pacheco J. , Rajesh N. , Rosas E. , Saranyasri S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Erdal Ekici has introduced and studied nearly continuous multifunctions in [5]. The purpose of the present paper is to introduce and study upper and lower nearly ω-continuous multifunctions as a weaker form of upper and lower nearly continuous multifunctions. Basic characterizations, several properties of upper and lower nearly ω-continuous multifunctions are investigated.
MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet
Authors: Ferdows M. , Khan Md. Shakhaoath , Alam Md. Mahmud , Afify A. A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The study of radiative heat transfer in a nanofluid with the influence of magnetic field over a stretching surface is investigated numerically. Physical mechanisms responsible for magnetic parameter, radiation parameter between the nanoparticles and the base fluid, such as Brownian motion and thermophoresis, are accounted for in the model. The parameters for Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec, Lewis number Le, stretching parameter b/a and constant parameter m are examined. The governing partial differential equations were converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using a suitable similarity transformation, which are solved numerically using the Nactsheim-Swigert shooting technique together with Runge-Kutta six order iteration scheme. The accuracy of the numerical method is tested by performing various comparisons with previously published work and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. Numerical results for velocity, temperature and concentration distributions as well as skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed at the sheet for various values of physical parameters.
Maturation-related differences in neuromuscular fatigue after a short-term maximal run
Authors: Äyrämö Sami , Vilmi Nikke , Mero Antti Antero , Piirainen Jarmo , Nummela Ari , Pullinen Teemu , Avela Janne , Linnamo Vesa 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis study investigated maturation-related differences in neuromuscular fatigue after a short-term maximal run.MethodsEight male children, eight adolescents, and eight adults performed a maximal ca. 50-s run (300/350/400 m, respectively). Mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue were assessed through isometric plantar flexor tests, electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve, soleus electromyography, and blood tests.ResultsAll the groups showed a decrease in the running speed (children: –12.2 ± 6.5%; adolescents: –9.8 ± 5.1%; adults: –12.2 ± 3.1%), but only adults revealed a decline in the maximal isometric plantar flexor torque (–16.1 ± 13.0%). On the other hand, the relative pre- to post-fatigue change in the maximal isometric plantar flexor torque differed only between adults and adolescents. The peak torque in the passive twitch test decreased in adolescents (–19.2 ± 12.2%) and adults (–23.7 ± 13.7%). Moreover, post-fatigue minimum blood pH (children: 7.18 ± 0.03; adolescents: 7.14 ± 0.07; adults: 6.97 ± 0.06) differed between the groups. No changes were observed in the neural drive or mechanisms at the spinal level.ConclusionsDespite the loss of running speed, children showed no post-exercise fatigue, whereas adolescents and adults demon­strated fatigue at peripheral sites. Central fatigue could not be established for the studied groups.
Design of All-optical Half-subtractor Circuit Device using 2-D Principle of Photonic Crystal Waveguides
Authors: Swarnakar Sandip , Kumar Santosh , Sharma Sandeep 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A design of all-optical half-subtractor (AOHS) is presented based on two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides without using optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials. It is an essential component of various photonic integrated circuits. The design of AOHS circuit is based on beam interference principle, using square lattice of Y-shaped and T-shaped waveguides with silicon dielectric rods in air substrate. It is validated through finite-difference time-domain and using MATLAB simulations.
Landslides Hazard Assessment Using Different Approaches
Authors: Coman Cristina , Manea Sanda 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Romania represents one of Europe’s countries with high landslides occurrence frequency. Landslide hazard maps are designed by considering the interaction of several factors which, by their joint action may affect the equilibrium state of the natural slopes. The aim of this paper is landslides hazard assessment using the methodology provided by the Romanian national legislation and a very largely used statistical method. The final results of these two analyses are quantitative or semi-quantitative landslides hazard maps, created in geographic information system environment. The data base used for this purpose includes: geological and hydrogeological data, digital terrain model, hydrological data, land use, seismic action, anthropic action and an inventory of active landslides. The GIS landslides hazard models were built for the geographical area of the Iasi city, located in the north-east side of Romania.
Calamagrostis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) in Vietnam
Authors: Paszko Beata , Liu Bing , Ma Hai-Ying 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
New taxonomic and distributional data are provided for three eastern Asian species of Calamagrostis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) in Vietnam: C. abnormis (Hook. f.) Shukla, C. extremiorientalis (Tzvel.) Prob. and C. tripilifera Hook. f. The new national record of C. extremiorientalis is reported here for Vietnam, where it was previously misidentified as C. elatior (Griseb.) A. Camus or Deyeuxia petelotii Hitchc. (= C. abnormis). The presence of C. tripilifera and C. abnormis in Vietnam is confirmed. Additional new provincial records of C. extremiorientalis from Japan’s Bonin Islands (also known as the Ogasawara Islands) and C. tripilifera from Daba Mountains in the northern Chongqing Municipality (Central China) are reported here. A key for identification of Calamagrostis species in Vietnam, nomenclatural data and information about geographical, altitudinal and habitat distributions are provided. Maps showing their complete distribution in eastern Asia are presented.
Characterisation of Growth Variability and Mycelial Compatibility of Botrytis Cinerea Isolates Originated from Apple and Strawberry in Lithuania
Authors: Rasiukevičiūtė Neringa , Moročko-Bičevska Inga , Sasnauskas Audrius 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is a widespread necrotrophic pathogen causing grey mould on many economically important horticultural crops. The variability in various B. cinerea populations is known to be very high. Despite the economic importance, the variability of B. cinerea has not been investigated previously on fruit crops in Lithuania. The aim of the study was to characterise the variability of B. cinerea strains isolated from strawberry and apple in different growth conditions on various agar media and to assess mycelial compatibility among the isolates. Larger colony diameter after four days of incubation was observed for isolates from strawberry on potato dextrose and beer universal agars in 24 h dark or light regime, followed by pectin agar in 24 h light. Similarly, the maximum radial growth of the isolates from apple was on potato dextrose agar (dark), followed by beer universal agar (dark and light), after four days of incubation at 20 °C. In the mycelial compatibility tests, barrage formation was evident in mycelial contacts between several isolates, indicating their vegetative incompatibility. The tests revealed that 76% were compatible and 24% were incompatible among investigated strains.
Fruit-Growing in Latvia – Industry and Science
Authors: Kaufmane Edīte , Skrīvele Māra , Ikase Laila 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In all times, fruit trees for family use have been grown at Latvian farms. Yet these fruits obtained market value only after the land ownership reform in 19th century. This facilitated rapid area increase of different fruit crops, allowing supply with fruits not only the local market, but also for export to the largest cities of Russia. Especially fast development of fruit-growing was observed during the first independent republic (1919–1940). The demand for planting material increased, and plants were imported from Western Europe. Choice of unsuitable cultivars and rootstocks was the main reason of the massive orchard area loss during the following severe winters. After the Second World War, the Soviet powers supported only the establishment of large orchards for processing needs, 200-300 ha, which were unsuitable for the Latvian climate and terrain. At the same time, numbers of allotment gardens rapidly increased and part of their produce was sold also on the market. After regaining of independence and private property, interest in fresh fruit and berry production for market, as well as processing, renewed. It was hindered by lack of continuity in experience and knowledge. Diversity of terrain, soils and climate all demand considerate choice of suitable orchard location and cultivars. Direct use of foreign experience often led to failure. At present, development of the fruit industry is most of all hindered by lack of qualified specialists of different levels, which does not allow to establish an appropriate consulting system. Cooperation of growers for easier marketing also is developing too slowly. Insufficient economic and market research does not allow to balance the demand with increase of plantation area, especially for large-scale processing and export, so strategic guidance of the fruit industry is not possible. Development of fruit-growing is hindered also by a lack of continuous long-term support to horticultural science. As a result of research by the Institute of Horticulture: 1) new local breeding fruit crop cultivars were obtained and recommended for commercial orchards; variety testing including growing technologies was initiated in different regions of Latvia; 2) monitoring of harmful and favourable organisms was conducted in plantations, with development of a system for prognosis and control; and 3) research results were transferred to growers through practical recommendations, publications, seminars and demonstrations.
Physical activity of cancer survivors who participated in 2014 Warsaw International Onco-Olympics
Authors: Skowroński Waldemar , Rak Jagoda , Molik Bartosz , Rutkowska Izabela , Bednarczuk Grzegorz 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Introduction: This study sought to identify and analyse the ranges, determinants and differences in physical activity levels of athletes with cancer. Materials and methods: The analysis included questionnaire responses provided by 169 out of 210 participants of the Onco-Olympics (80 out of 92 girls and 89 out of 118 boys). The mean age was 13.05 years for girls and 13.08 years for boys. The study group consisted of the following participants: 62 girls and 69 boys from Poland, 6 girls and 4 boys from Lithuania, 4 girls and 8 boys from Romania and 8 girls and 8 boys from Ukraine. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used in the study. Results: Girls demonstrated lower levels of vigorous (3.56 days per week, 88 minutes per day) and moderate (3.61 days per week, 96.5 minutes per day) physical activity than boys (3.91 days per week, 99.35 minutes per day, and 4.20 days per week, 103.7 minutes per day, respectively). Walking time per week was 16.18 hours for girls and 15.91 hours for boys, while sitting time per week was 5.17 hours for girls and 5.57 hours for boys. Athletes with neuroblastoma and bone cancer displayed the highest levels of vigorous and moderate physical activity, while its lower levels were found in athletes with leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumors. Physical activity levels differed depending on the type of cancer. Conclusions: Physical activity of Polish athletes with cancer does not depend on their sex, age in the examined range, body mass, body height or the BMI but it depends on the type of cancer. Drawing on the example of the group of athletes under investigation, it is reasonable to assume that recommended physical activity levels (expressed in MET - minutes per week) ought to be different for persons with different types of oncological diseases.
SMART - a tool for assessing patients with discordes of consciousness
Authors: Waraksa Tomasz , Wójcik Agnieszka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Accurate assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness is still a great medical challenge. Despite a recent implementation of state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques (EEG, fMRI, PET and others), proper diagnosis is still seriously hindered. The lack of accurate diagnosis results in the fact that patients′ capacities and full potential are not used. This aspect is particularly important in terms of communicating with patients. The effort of interdisciplinary teams ought to be channelled into creating and developing a complex diagnostic tool. It would aim at providing complete information regarding patients′ state and facilitating possible communication with them. Therefore, according to a number of research teams, it is necessary to make use of behavioural scales such as SMART (Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique) that are based on observational criteria.