bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacing corn with sorghum in the diet alters intestinal microbiota without altering chicken performance
Authors: Fagundes N. S. , Pereira R. , Bortoluzzi C. , Rafael J. M. , Napty G. S. , Barbosa J. G. M. , Sciencia M. C. M. , Menten J. F. M. 
Published: January 2017

SummarySorghum grain can be used to replace corn in broiler diets. However, the effects related to an abrupt change between these grains are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and intestinal health of broilers fed diets containing corn and/or sorghum during different periods of rearing. To accomplish this aim, 2100 male chicks were fed the following experimental diets: C100% (corn‐based diet); S100% (sorghum‐based diet); C:S50% (diet based on corn and sorghum 1:1); PC‐S (corn‐based diet in the pre‐starter phase and sorghum‐based diet in subsequent phases); and PS‐C (sorghum‐based diet in the pre‐starter phase and corn‐based diet in subsequent phases). The study was conducted with two simultaneous trials in a randomized block design as follows: a performance trial up to 40 days occurred in floor pens (n = 8), and the metabolism trial occurred in cages (n = 10). Performance, jejunal morphometry, number of goblet cells, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and the coefficient of apparent metabolizability of dry matter (CMDM) of the diets, and the intestinal microbiota of small intestine and caeca at 10 and 21 days of age (16S gene sequencing) were evaluated. The different experimental diets did not affect performance, jejunal epithelium, AME, AMEn or CMDM. However, the experimental diets altered the percentages of the genera Clostridium, Weissella, Bacillus and Alkaliphilus in the small intestine. In addition, the genera Lactobacillus and Desulfotomaculum in the caeca were altered. The age also affected the microbiota of the intestinal segments. In conclusion, feeding sorghum in place of corn as well as the grain change after the pre‐starter phase does not alter broiler performance. However, sorghum alters the intestinal microbiota, resulting in a lower percentage of Clostridium and a higher percentage of Lactobacillus in the small intestine and caeca, respectively.
Vegetation assemblages of central Mexico through the late Quaternary: modern analogs and compositional turnover
Authors: Caballero‐Rodríguez Dayenari , Lozano‐García Socorro , Correa‐Metrio Alexander 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuestionWhen did vegetation assemblages that occupy modern central Mexico appear within the context of the late Quaternary?LocationCentral Mexico.MethodsWe used modern and fossil pollen data sets from central Mexico to explore the evolution of regional vegetation through the late Quaternary. A total of 1397 samples (1357 fossil samples distributed in 17 records and 40 modern samples) were analysed through detrended correspondence analysis to evaluate the degree of analogy between modern and past vegetation assemblages, and regional vegetation compositional turnover through time.ResultsThere was a high degree of analogy between modern and glacial vegetation, whereas the early and mid‐Holocene were characterized by a high frequency of no‐modern‐analogue pollen assemblages. Vegetation turnover during the glacial time was characterized by both pulses of abrupt change and episodes of stability. In contrast, vegetation turnover was high through most of the Holocene. Both vegetation turnover and past vegetation analogy to modern were not synchronous in altitudinal zones, except for the past 2000 yrs, when pollen assemblages suggest a high vegetation analogy to modern‐day throughout the region.ConclusionsHuman impacts on central Mexico regional vegetation were consistently evident during the last 2000 yrs, suggesting that biodiversity expressed in the modern vegetation assemblages incorporates a high anthropogenic imprint. High resemblance of glacial and modern landscapes suggests that the effect of human occupation on the landscape is similar to that exerted by glacial time environmental stress. However, loss of ecosystem connectivity under the modern pattern of landscape homogenization represents an unprecedented threat for regional biodiversity.
The use of PowerPoint in theatre as an aid to improve patient safety and avoid ‘Never Events’
Authors: Patel D. , Patel K. , Sneddon K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo minimise the risk of ‘Never Events’ such as wrong tooth extraction(s), from occurring during dento‐alveolar surgery in theatre.MethodsThe uses of PowerPoint to create a virtual and visual collage of dento‐alveolar cases on an operating list, displaying radiographs and key patient information, as an aid to improve patient safety. Highlighting and ‘AutoShape’ tools can be used on digital radiographs to mark teeth consented for extraction. Other essential information such as medical history and allergies may also be displayed.ConclusionA simple and effective method for enhancing essential digital imaging using PowerPoint, and collating information in one place. This aids the surgeon and theatre staff by involving and informing all theatre team members with regard to the procedure, minimising the risk of errors occurring and therefore improving patient safety. Other important information can also be displayed, utilising the technology available. Teeth that require extraction are marked electronically on the radiograph using highlighting tools or autoshape, as well as being noted on the presentation.
Large-Scale Release of
Campylobacter
Draft Genomes: Resources for Food Safety and Public Health from the 100K Pathogen Genome Project
Authors: Weis Allison M. , Huang Bihua C. , Storey Dylan B. , Kong Nguyet , Chen Poyin , Arabyan Narine , Gilpin Brent , Mason Carl , Townsend Andrea K. , Smith Woutrina A. , Byrne Barbara A. , Taff Conor C. , Weimer Bart C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter
is a food-associated bacterium and a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, being associated with poultry in the food supply. This is the initial public release of 202
Campylobacter
genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in the
Campylobacter
genus.
Complete Genome Sequence of Akkermansia glycaniphila Strain Pyt
T
, a Mucin-Degrading Specialist of the Reticulated Python Gut
Authors: Ouwerkerk Janneke P. , Koehorst Jasper J. , Schaap Peter J. , Ritari Jarmo , Paulin Lars , Belzer Clara , de Vos Willem M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Akkermansia glycaniphila
is a novel
Akkermansia
species that was isolated from the intestine of the reticulated python and shares the capacity to degrade mucin with the human strain
Akkermansia muciniphila
Muc
T
. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain Pyt
T
of 3,074,121 bp. The genomic analysis reveals genes for mucin degradation and aerobic respiration.
Draft Genome Sequence of Highly Virulent Race 4/Biovar 3 of Ralstonia solanacearum CaRs_Mep Causing Bacterial Wilt in Zingiberaceae Plants in India
Authors: Kumar Aundy , Munjal Vibhuti , Sheoran Neelam , Prameela Thekkan Puthiyaveedu , Suseelabhai Rajamma , Aggarwal Rashmi , Jain Rakesh Kumar , Eapen Santhosh J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Ralstonia solanacearum
CaRs_Mep, a race 4/biovar 3/phylotype I bacterium causing wilt in small cardamom and other Zingiberaceae plants, was sequenced. Analysis of the 5.7-Mb genome sequence will aid in better understanding of the genetic determinants of host range, host jump, survival, pathogenicity, and virulence of race 4 of
R. solanacearum
.
Protocol for a scoping review study to identify and classify patient-centred quality indicators
Authors: Jolley Rachel J , Lorenzetti Diane L , Manalili Kimberly , Lu Mingshan , Quan Hude , Santana Maria J 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionThe concept of patient-centred care (PCC) is changing the way healthcare is understood, accepted and delivered. The Institute of Medicine has defined PCC as 1 of its 6 aims to improve healthcare quality. However, in Canada, there are currently no nationwide standards in place for measuring and evaluating healthcare from a patient-centred approach. In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol to systematically review published and unpublished literature specific to patient-centred quality indicators that have been implemented and evaluated across various care settings.Methods and analysisArksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology framework will guide the conduct of this scoping review. We will search electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts), grey literature sources and the reference lists of key studies to identify studies appropriate for inclusion. 2 reviewers will independently screen all abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. We will include any study which focuses on quality indicators in the context of PCC. All bibliographic data, study characteristics and indicators will be collected and analysed using a tool developed through an iterative process by the research team. Indicators will be classified according to a predefined conceptual framework and categorised and described using qualitative content analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review will synthesise patient-centred quality indicators and their characteristics as described in the literature. This review will be the first step to formally identify what quality indicators have been used to evaluate PCC across the healthcare continuum, and will be used to inform a stakeholder consensus process exploring the development of a generic set of patient-centred quality indicators applicable to multiple care settings. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and a one-day stakeholder meeting.
Exploring the adoption of Schwartz Center Rounds as an organisational innovation to improve staff well-being in England, 2009–2015
Authors: Robert Glenn , Philippou Julia , Leamy Mary , Reynolds Ellie , Ross Shilpa , Bennett Laura , Taylor Cath , Shuldham Caroline , Maben Jill 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesSchwartz Center Rounds (‘Rounds’) are a multidisciplinary forum in which healthcare staff within an organisation discuss the psychological, emotional and social challenges associated with their work in a confidential and safe environment. Implemented in over 375 North American organisations, since 2009, they have been increasingly adopted in England. This study aimed to establish how many and what types of organisations have adopted Rounds in England, and to explore why they did so.SettingPublic healthcare organisations in England.ParticipantsSecondary data analysis was used to map and profile all 116 public healthcare organisations that had adopted Rounds in England by July 2015. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 45 Round coordinators within adopting organisations.ResultsThe rate of adoption increased after a major national report in 2013. Rounds were typically adopted in order to improve staff well-being. Adopting organisations scored better on staff engagement than non-adopters; among adopting organisations, those performing better on patient experience were more likely to adopt earlier. Most adoption decision-making processes were straightforward. A confluence of factors—a generally favourable set of innovation attributes (including low cost), advocacy from opinion leaders in different professional networks, active dissemination by change agents and a felt need to be seen to be addressing staff well-being—initially led to Rounds being seen as ‘an idea whose time had come’. More recent adoption patterns have been shaped by the timing of charitable and other agency funding in specific geographical areas and sectors, as well as several forms of ‘mimetic pressure’.ConclusionsThe innate attributes of Rounds, favourable circumstances and the cumulative impact of a sequence of distinct informal and formal social processes have shaped the pattern of their adoption in England.
Visualising and quantifying ‘excess deaths’ in Scotland compared with the rest of the UK and the rest of Western Europe
Authors: Minton Jon , Shaw Richard , Green Mark A , Vanderbloemen Laura , Popham Frank , McCartney Gerry 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundScotland has higher mortality rates than the rest of Western Europe (rWE), with more cardiovascular disease and cancer among older adults; and alcohol-related and drug-related deaths, suicide and violence among younger adults.MethodsWe obtained sex, age-specific and year-specific all-cause mortality rates for Scotland and other populations, and explored differences in mortality both visually and numerically.ResultsScotland's age-specific mortality was higher than the rest of the UK (rUK) since 1950, and has increased. Between the 1950s and 2000s, ‘excess deaths’ by age 80 per 100 000 population associated with living in Scotland grew from 4341 to 7203 compared with rUK, and from 4132 to 8828 compared with rWE. UK-wide mortality risk compared with rWE also increased, from 240 ‘excess deaths’ in the 1950s to 2320 in the 2000s. Cohorts born in the 1940s and 1950s throughout the UK including Scotland had lower mortality risk than comparable rWE populations, especially for males. Mortality rates were higher in Scotland than rUK and rWE among younger adults from the 1990s onwards suggesting an age–period interaction.ConclusionsWorsening mortality among young adults in the past 30 years reversed a relative advantage evident for those born between 1950 and 1960. Compared with rWE, Scotland and rUK have followed similar trends but Scotland has started from a worse position and had worse working age–period effects in the 1990s and 2000s.
Probing anomalous Higgs couplings in H → ZV decays
Authors: Modak Tanmoy , Srivastava Rahul 
Published: January 2017

We analyze the possibility of probing anomalous Higgs couplings in the rare decays H [Formula: see text] ZV, V being a vector quarkonium state. These rare decays involve both gauge as well as the Yukawa sectors and either of them can potentially be anomalous. We show that the branching fractions for H [Formula: see text] ZV decays in Standard Model (SM) are small, making it a sensitive probe for anomalous Higgs couplings originating from physics beyond SM. Moreover, as both V and Z can decay into pair of charged leptons, they provide experimentally clean channels and future LHC runs should observe such decays. We perform a model independent analysis and show how angular asymmetries can be used to probe these anomalous Higgs couplings, taking further decays of V and Z to pair of charged leptons into account. The angular asymmetries can provide significant information about anomalous Higgs couplings in both gauge and Yukawa sectors.
Cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of CD36 accelerates the progression from compensated cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure
Authors: Sung Miranda M. , Byrne Nikole J. , Kim Ty T. , Levasseur Jody , Masson Grant , Boisvenue Jamie J. , Febbraio Maria , Dyck Jason R. B. 
Published: January 2017

Previous studies have shown that loss of CD36 protects the heart from dysfunction induced by pressure overload in the presence of diet-induced insulin resistance and/or obesity. The beneficial effects of CD36 ablation in this context are mediated by preventing excessive cardiac fatty acid (FA) entry and reducing lipotoxic injury. However, whether or not the loss of CD36 can prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction in the absence of chronic exposure to high circulating FAs is presently unknown. To address this, we utilized a tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific CD36 knockout (icCD36KO) mouse and genetically deleted CD36 in adulthood. Control mice (CD36 floxed/floxed mice) and icCD36KO mice were treated with tamoxifen and subsequently subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to generate pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Consistent with CD36 mediating a significant proportion of FA entry into the cardiomyocyte and subsequent FA utilization for ATP production, hearts from icCD36KO mice were metabolically inefficient and displayed signs of energetic stress, including activation of the energetic stress kinase, AMPK. In addition, impaired energetics in icCD36KO mice contributed to a rapid progression from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. However, icCD36KO mice fed a medium-chain FA diet, whereby medium-chain FAs can enter into the cardiomyocyte independent from CD36, were protected from TAC-induced heart failure. Together these data suggest that limiting FA uptake and partial inhibition of FA oxidation in the heart via CD36 ablation may be detrimental for the compensated hypertrophic heart in the absence of sufficiently elevated circulating FAs to provide an adequate energy source.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Limiting CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake in the setting of obesity and/or insulin resistance protects the heart from cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. However, cardiomyocyte-specific CD36 ablation in the absence of elevated circulating fatty acid levels accelerates the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy to systolic heart failure.
Metodologia para um saber e um fazer geo-histórico: análise de espacialidades pretéritas utilizando instrumentos computacionais
Authors: Dutenkefer Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

Utilizando instrumentos computacionais, apresentamos neste trabalho uma proposta metodológica para análise de mapas antigos com ênfase em três aspectos: sua geometria, seu georreferenciamento e sua vetorização. Diferentemente de outras metodologias orientadas na precisão cartográfica e em posições absolutas, esta opta por propor um georreferenciamento relativo, isto é, estabelecer relações de feições, lugares e trajetórias que o mapa antigo possa manter com os mapas contemporâneos sem, contudo, distorcer significativamente as feições originais do mapa em estudo.
EXPERIMENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA DA AMIZADE A PARTIR DA TEORIA DOS AFETOS DE ESPINOSA
Authors: Gomes Lívia Godinho Nery , Júnior Nelson Da Silva 
Published: January 2017

A amizade é concebida neste estudo como tendo um sentido político, pois uma condição necessária do exercício político é aquela de considerar a opinião do outro. Em seu sentido político, a amizade favorece o questionamento de pontos de vista fixos e a irrupção de ações inovadoras. A experimentação política da amizade constitui uma relação agonística, de abertura ao outro na qual os corpos estão dispostos a afetar e serem afetados, implicados em contribuir com o aumento da capacidade de reflexão e ação do amigo. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a experimentação política da amizade a partir da teoria dos afetos de Baruch Espinosa: o corpo é essencialmente relacional e é na relação com seus outros, na maneira como afeta e é afetado por elesque se dá a condição de possibilidade da resistência à tristeza e afirmação da alegria – compreendida como aumento da potência de pensar e agir.
DELEUZE E CHAUI: LEITURAS PARALELAS SOBRE A ÉTICA DE ESPINOSA
Authors: Ramacciotti Bárbara Lucchesi 
Published: January 2017

: Neste artigo pretendemos verificar em que medida as leituras de Deleuze e de Chaui nos ajudam a compreender a Ética de Espinosa como uma inovadora filosofia prática ou filosofia da práxis. O forte nexo entre teoria e prática tem sido enfraquecido por muitas leituras que defendem a tese do “paralelismo espinosano”, pois atribuem um privilégio do atributo pensamento em relação à extensão, isto implicaria em um privilégio da teoria em relação à prática e à experiência. As leituras de Deleuze e de Chaui, ao contrário, sublinham que a originalidade das teses teóricas da Ética reside em sua necessária aplicação prática, portanto na inseparabilidade entre teoria e prática, pensamento e extensão, mente e corpo, tipos de conhecimento e modos de vida. Ambos propõem outra interpretação da tese nuclear do paralelismo na filosofia de Espinosa. Desdobramos a pesquisa em três tópicos: 1) leitura de Deleuze: Ética enquanto filosofia prática; 2) problema do paralelismo: as diferentes leituras; 3) leitura de Chaui: Ética enquanto filosofia da liberdade.
Cartas de Espinosa a Hudde
Authors: Thimounier Samuel 
Published: January 2017

A correspondência entre Spinoza e Johannes Hudde (1628-1704) é, na verdade, um conjunto de três epístolas, todas de autoria de Spinoza. Os escritos originais em holandês se perderam e os únicos existentes são as versiones latinas (provavelmente, feitas pelo próprio Spinoza) que constam nas Opera Posthuma (OP), da qual foram retraduzidas para o holandês a fim de compor os Nagelate Schriften (NS). O texto latino oferecido e sobre o qual nos valemos foi o da edição crítica de Carl Gebhardt. Dentre as traduções usadas como instrumentos de cotejo destacam-se a espanhola de Atilano Domínguez e a inglesa de Samuel Shirley. A intenção é, pois, oferecer ao leitor um documento de primeira ordem, tentando-se, quanto possível, conciliar a fidelidade às construções latinas, a nomenclatura conceitual da filosofia de Spinoza e uma leitura mais próxima do português do Brasil contemporâneo.
EPÍSTOLAS: ESPINOSA E BOXEL
Authors: Ferreira Samuel Thimounier 
Published: January 2017

A troca epistolar de Espinosa com Hugo Boxel ocorreu de setembro de 1674 a meados de outubro ou novembro do mesmo ano. Foram escritas, até onde se sabe, seis cartas, três de cada um, todas elas em holandês. Há disponível, todavia, apenas a cópia do original de uma única delas, a epístola LIII, restando como fontes únicas as versiones latinas apresentadas nas Opera Posthuma. Toda a sequência argumentativa rende um interessantíssimo documento, frutífero no que atina a questões como fé e superstição. Aqui, todavia, não temos a pretensão de entrar no debate teórico. O que ora propomos é somente uma tradução integral da correspondência entre Espinosa e Boxel, entregando ao leitor uma versão em língua portuguesa que seja a mais justa e acurada possível, e que reproduza fielmente a terminologia técnica usada.
Razões para Morar em Centros Históricos: O Caso de Belém (PA, Brasil)
Authors: Lobo Marco Aurelio Arbage , Tourinho Helena Lúcia Zagury , Morhy Sâmia Saady 
Published: January 2017

Muitos centros históricos de cidades brasileiras experimentam a degradação física dos seus prédios e espaços públicos, algo comumente acompanhado do esvaziamento econômico e populacional. O Centro Histórico de Belém (CHB) também tem experimentado um declínio físico, mas, ao contrário de outras cidades, vem mantendo forte dinamismo econômico e moderado crescimento populacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as principais características socioeconômicas dos moradores que procuram CHB para viver e quais as razões mais fortes para morar no local, informação útil para a definição de uma política habitacional destinada a usar imóveis vazios existentes no local. Utilizaram-se dados do censo de 2010 e de entrevistas com 58 responsáveis por domicílios que alugam ou compraram domicílios no local nos últimos cinco anos, selecionados de forma aleatória sistemática. O teste exato multinomial foi usado como teste de significância estatística. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos moradores que procuraram moradia no CHB tem nível de instrução média, são de classe média baixa em termos de rendimentos e são profissionais autônomos. Proximidade de locais de trabalho e de compras diárias foram os dois motivos mais citados para viver no local. A maioria dos entrevistados também demonstrou bom nível de satisfação em viver no CHB.