bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype
Authors: Hammond Richard J. 
Published: August 2016

I can best summarize the content of this paper by exhibiting four quotations:A trading community like early Victorian England, which can still profitably employ all its capital in its mills and ships, becomes indifferent to the acquisition of territory, and even tends to regard the colonies previously acquired as a useless encumbrance. That was the normal state of mind of our commercial classes during the middle years of last century. They dealt in goods, and in order to sell goods abroad, it was not necessary either to colonise or to conquer. To this phase belongs the typical foreign policy of Liberalism, with its watchwords of peace, non-intervention, and free trade. The third phase, the modern phase, begins when capital has accumulated in large fortunes, when the rate of interest at home begins to fall, and the discovery is made that investments abroad in unsettled countries with populations more easily exploited than our own, offer swifter and bigger returns. It is the epoch of concession hunting, of coolie labour, of chartered companies, of railway construction, of loans to semi-civilised Powers, of the “opening up” of “dying empires.” At this phase the export of capital has become to the ruling class more important and more attractive than the export of goods. The Manchester School disappears, and even the Liberals accept Imperialism. It is, however, no longer the simple and barbaric Imperialism of the agricultural stage. Its prime motive is not to acquire land, though in the end it often lapses into this elementary form of conquest. It aims rather at pegging out spheres of influence and at that sort of stealthy conquest which is called “pacific penetration.” The old Imperialism levied tribute; the new Imperialism lends money at interest.
Open and endovascular repair of aneurysms affecting the distal extracranial internal carotid artery: case series
Authors: Mukherjee P , Huilgol R , Graham A , Fagan P 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective:Three cases of internal carotid artery aneurysm affecting the distal cervical segment were retrospectively reviewed.Methods:Two patients underwent open surgical repair requiring petrous segment exposure for bypass of the affected segment using a Fisch type A lateral skull base approach. The third patient underwent endovascular stenting.Results:There were no cerebrovascular complications post-operatively. Both open repair patients experienced temporary lower cranial nerve palsies. One required facial nerve grafting. All patients had patent grafts at follow up. The stent graft patient had a small endoleak at six months.Conclusion:Endovascular and open approaches both have advantages and disadvantages. Treatment needs to be tailored to the lesion and the patient. An open surgical approach is difficult but well established. Endovascular treatment of these lesions is a relatively recent technique, and new cases need to be continually reported with a view to attaining long-term data.
Cyrene: A Survey of Certain Rock-Cut Features to the South of the Sanctuary of Apollo
Authors: Wright G. R. H. 
Published: August 2016

Basic Structure: A broad flight of twenty-one steps leads up from the south-west angle of the Temple of Apollo to a partially paved court immediately in front of the lower face of the scarp. This is given a quadrilateral delimitation by the angular revetment of an irregularity in the scarp to the west, and by the monumental water tank to the east of the entrance to the grotto. The entrance was hewn in the cliff face in the form of three arches (now much destroyed), and was revetted with large well-draughted limestone blocks. Of these, only the lower two courses are now in situ, but individual blocks of the upper courses have been collected and amongst them are those with crowning mouldings and one bearing the fragment of a Greek inscription (height:of letters, 25 cm. approximately).The interior of the grotto consists basically of a central oblong depression, paved and cemented, surrounded on the two sides and the back by a raised staging—thus giving rise to the term of reference ‘TRICLINIUM’—while between the staging and the walls are the tanks and channels: associated with the water supply and drainage.Considered longitudinally, the interior may be divided into three entities. The first extends from the entrance to a pair of rock-hewn columns bearing rude inscriptions. Immediately above this compartment lay the terrace of an ancient rock-cut path and its collapse has breached the path and totally unroofed this section of the grotto.
Body Attitudes and Eating Behaviours of Female Malay Students Studying in Australia
Authors: McDowell Andrew J. , Bond Malcolm J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe extent to which 113 adolescent Malay women studying in Australia expressed the desire to lose weight was examined, as was the degree to which this desire reflected a genuine need to lose weight. Comparisons between participants who expressed the desire to either lose weight, stay at their current weight, or gain weight were made using both attitudinal and behavioural components of body image. An in-depth analysis of those who wished to lose weight was also undertaken. There was evidence that negative body attitudes were in excess of what actual body weight might dictate. However, these negative attitudes were not found to be consistently predictive of dysfunctional eating behaviours. Results were interpreted with reference to the potential influence of Westernisation in countries in the South Pacific region, and in particular how attitudes and behaviours are influenced by this process.
Effects of Gender and Individualism-Collectivism on Directness of Refusal
Authors: Ang Rebecca P. , Kuo Eddie C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe effects of gender and individualism-collectivism on directness of refusal were examined on a Singapore sample. A 2 × 2 (Gender X Individualism-Collectivism) ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between gender and cultural orientation. Specifically, male individualists preferred more direct refusal strategies and male collectivists preferred more indirect refusal strategies compared to both female individualists and collectivists. Implications of the results and the limitations of the study were discussed.
Intracultural variations in the concept of self: A comparison of educated and less educated Filipino women
Authors: Edman Jeanne L. , Kameoka Velma A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study examined the concept of self among 48 educated and 50 less educated Filipino women. Participants completed the Concept of Self Scale that contained 12 items describing collectivistic and individualistic perspectives on self. Educated women rated themselves as significantly higher than less educated women on two individualistic descriptors, while the less educated rated themselves significantly higher on seven collectivistic descriptors. Low SES women rated themselves higher on collectivistic descriptors than middle SES women. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing literature on cultural perspectives on the self and suggest a need to examine factors that may explain intracultural differences in the concept of self.
Stress, anxiety and other emotions in Japanese modern dance performance
Authors: Kerr J. H. , Kawaguchi C. , Oiwa M. , Terayama Y. , Zukawa A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo reversal theory-based studies investigated dancers' psychological experience at final rehearsal, and at three performances in an annual competition. In Study 1, 23 Japanese modern dance specialists completed the Tension and Effort Stress Inventory immediately before and after performance. Pre-study expectations that dancers would experience higher levels of unpleasant emotions (including performance anxiety or stage fright) and stress pre-competition than pre-final rehearsal were not confirmed. Dancers experienced significantly higher levels of unpleasant emotions before final rehearsal than before competition. Also contrary to expectations, competing was found not to be more stressful and not to require greater efforts to cope, than rehearsing. Study 2 set out to investigate dancers' basic motives for dancing and to show whether the anxiety-to-excitement reversal phenomena could be discerned during dance performance. Using the same experimental procedure as Study 1, a similar group of 15 dancers completed a dance performance experience questionnaire. The results indicated that, for the majority of dancers, the primary reason for dancing was either the paratelic, telic, arousal-seeking, or alloic-sympathy meta-motivational categories, and that many dancers experienced anxiety to excitement reversals.
Traditional dispute resolution in Micronesia
Authors: Wolff Patrick M. , Braman O. Randall 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTraditional approaches to dispute resolution in Micronesia offer elements of reconciliation that are practical and essential for maintaining peaceful relationships on a small island. These elements include family involvement, ritualistic processes, symbolism, mediation, and restitution. Using information gathered through interviews and an observation of a simulation, and by reviewing literature related to cultural differences in general, this paper introduces these elements, describes their application in real life and ceremonial events, and discusses theoretical connections with the cultural dimension of individualism and collectivism. In conclusion, the authors encourage a heightened awareness, further research, and continued practice of traditional Micronesian approaches to dispute resolution.
Ability levels, mental health, and attitudes-to-work of the chronic long-term unemployed
Authors: Creed Peter A. , Poulton Meaghan A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn emerging unemployment issue has been the growing number of job seekers who have been out of work for very long periods of time. Those who have been unemployed for 5 years or more, the chronic long-term unemployed (CLTU), are the subject of this research. This paper reports on the results of an assessment of 47 CLTU job seekers undertaken as part of a strategy aimed at identifying needs and generating return-to-work strategies for this group. Variables investigated were general ability (Standard Progressive Matrices, de Lemos, 1989), literacy (ACER Applied Reading Test, van den Berg & Woff, 1990), mental health (General Health Questionnaire, Goldberg, 1978; Symptom Checklist-90-R, Derogatis, 1983; State of Anxiety and Depression Scale, Bedford, Foulds & Sheffield, 1976) and work commitment. The CLTU differed from the general population on intellectual and reading ability by being over-represented in the lower ranges. The group reported mental health levels poorer than non-patient normative samples, but above levels of psychiatric in- or out-patients. Despite this, the CLTU reported high levels of work commitment. These initial findings point to the special needs of the CLTU. Implications for policy makers and those working with the unemployed are highlighted.
The classification of Oceanic languages
Authors: Bowden John 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper surveys the literature regarding the linguistic subgrouping and historical affiliations of languages within the Oceanic subgroup of the Austronesian language family. It provides an overview of the evidence for the Oceanic subgroup and its external affiliations, as well as an overview of the internal relationships between languages of the family. It explores questions that have been settled to the satisfaction of most people working within the field, and identifies outstanding issues still of importance to practitioners in the area. A final section discusses a range of literature which surveys aspects of Oceanic linguistics apart from its subgrouping.
Malay: A short history
Authors: Adelaar K. Alexander 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis article follows the development of Malay from prehistorical times to the present. After a brief overview of the variety of languages in Southeast Asia and Oceania, the position of Malay within the Austronesian language family is discussed as well as the Malay homeland. The history of Malay is followed throughout its most important stages, from the period of the oldest written evidence in the late 7th century AD to the age of the Malaccan sultanate in the 15th-16th centuries, the colonial period in which Malay became the most important language in all domains of public life except in the highest echelons, and the present post-independence period in which Malay has become the national language in four states of Southeast Asia. Attention is also given to sociolinguistic differentiation, to foreign influences, to the engineering planning and manipulation of Malay in recent times and to its role as a vehicle for the spread of several religions and foreign (Indian, Mid-eastern, European) cultural influences.
Multi-Component Solar Protection Interventions: The Impact of Modelling and “Trickle Down”?
Authors: Gregory Christopher J. , Higginbotham Nick , Shea John D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWorkers in outdoor occupations routinely face unavoidable exposure to the sun's ultra violet rays with attendant risk of skin cancer, and this study evaluated a multi-faceted education program aimed at improving the solar protection practices of Australian Technical College Surveying students performing outdoor field exercises. One hundred and fifteen students were randomly assigned (by class) to either a Control or Treatment group, and given slides, information sheets, and a guest talk by a young woman who had recovered from life-threatening skin cancer, with a baseline and two follow-up assessments being made on field days using a behavioural diary. A greater proportion of students receiving the solar education increased sunscreen cream application and hat use compared with Control participants, and a composite index of solar protection favoured the Treatment group. Moreover, Control participants significantly changed some solar protection behaviours, possibly through modelling the Treatment group, and Treatment participants showed significantly higher rates of particular sun protection behaviours at the second post test occasion than at the first post test occasion.
Linguistic Relativity in Fiji: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Taylor Robin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere is a lack of experimental support for Linguistic Relativity Theory (LRT), which has not been tested in a South Pacific context. Fifty-two bilingual male (n = 26) and female Fijians read, and answered survey questions on the family dilemma, “An Unwanted Child?” - one group functioning in English and the other in Fijian. The group reading and answering in Fijian tended to place more emphasis on the rights of the extended family, whereas the group reading and responding in English placed more emphasis on the rights of the individual. These preliminary findings are consistent with LRT theory, and form the basis for more extended study, including perhaps a wider range of dilemmas and linguistic abilities (e.g., Fijians living in Australia).
Cognitive-behaviour therapy for panic disorder: A Papua New Guinea case
Authors: Marai Leo 
Published: August 2016

The case of a 43 year old Papua New Guinea man with no previous history of psychological disorder who was diagnosed as suffering panic disorder is described. This case illustrates the possible applicability of cognitive-behaviour therapy to Papua New Guineans with a range of anxiety problems.The patient, Mr A, is a 43 year old married father of four children, employed in a supervisory position with a large PNG corporation. He comes from a middle class family of nine children and describes his childhood in bright colours. He completed ten years of schooling before obtaining a job with his current employer. There was no family history of psychiatric disorder.Mr A's presenting concern was pain on the right side of his arm and regular severe headaches. Mr A first experienced the pain in 1986 when it lasted for a few weeks and than stopped. However, in 1990 the pain returned. Mr A sought medical treatment and analgesic drugs were prescribed. The drugs relieved the pain but for only a short time.
Language in Education
Authors: Moser Lawrence 
Published: August 2016

Language is a way of communicating between people by the use of symbols, signs, writing and oral speech. Language is used in different ways in different communities, countries and cultures throughout the world. Lindfors (1980, p.43) suggests that language consists of three major components: Semantic, Syntatic and Phonological.Language is seen as being acquired by human beings through their own interaction with the environment that surrounds them. Human beings are able to build an overview of their language through personal experience, and also a cognitive structure developed from their world view.
Brisbane Urban Aboriginal Materials Kit
Authors: Lindemann Paula 
Published: August 2016

The Brisbane Urban Aboriginal Materials were developed in response to a need - that is the scarcity of teaching materials related to urban Aboriginal lifestyles. They provide classroom materials for teachers which give insights into the lifestyles of Aboriginal people in Brisbane at this time.The materials provide both teachers and students with an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the culture of urban Aborigines in Brisbane. In doing so, it is hoped the materials will enable teachers to present an accurate and positive view of urban Aboriginal lifestyles.
Curriculum Development Implications for Aboriginal Children
Authors: Harrison Edward 
Published: August 2016

Factors influencing development of curicula for Aboriginal children must not overlook the importance of a strong verbal language component.It is evident from research projects, and observation that persons of average or above average verbal abilities are found in most Upper Secondary Classes, Colleges and Universities. As a large proportion of graduates have proficient verbal abilities, this must be an area in our schools on which we must place importance. It is also a fact that just about any desirable avenue in life depends on some type of admission or selection procedure; whether it be tests written or telephone applications or interviews. The weighting of most selection criteria tends to give greater weight to verbal abilities than to any other personal individual characteristic.
Aboriginal Studies in the School: A Port Augusta Experience
Authors: Edwards M. 
Published: August 2016

Following co-ordinated effort on the part of teachers and Aboriginal school assistants from three Port Augusta schools and an Aboriginal Education and Aboriginal Studies adviser throughout 1980, courses have been developed for an Aboriginal Studies program at Year 8 and 9 levels.All Year 8 students at Port Augusta High School, Augusta Park High School and Caritas Catholic School currently participate in the one term course. Each of the three secondary schools has committed both teacher time and available facilities to the successful development and implementation of the course. They continue to co-ordinate their activities and resources through the management of an Inter-school Aboriginal Studies Faculty which meets fortnightly.The initiation of these developments came from the felt need of the schools to cater more for the cultural requirements of the Aboriginal students and to provide all students with an insight into local Aboriginal cultures.Each of the people involved in developing the course had previously made efforts to incorporate elements of Aboriginal Studies in other subject areas like Social Studies, History, English and Science but felt that the topics were not being developed to their full extent. Also, whether or not Aboriginal Studies topics were taught tended to depend upon the individual interest of the teachers. By developing a course outline that could eventually be taught at each year level and accepted as a part of the curriculum of the course, writers believed that the future of the course could be ensured.
Yirara – A Bi-Cultural College
Authors: Odling-Smee D.H. 
Published: August 2016

Yirara College is a secondary boarding school for tribal Aboriginal students from throughout Central Australia. The College is 8 kilometres from Alice Springs but takes students from 40 separate communities, in a radius of about 800 kilometres or more from Alice. This includes the southern two-thirds of the Northern Territory, and some communities in South Australia and Western Australia. TheCollege is entirely residential, and caters for male and female students. The curriculum, which follows Northern Territory Department guidelines, is aimed at adjusting students to reach Year 10 (the N.T. Junior School Certificate), and thereafter have the opportunity to enter various further education courses and colleges. Emphasis is also given to social education in its broadest sense, and vocational education. After leaving Yirara, the majority of students return to their own communities to fill positions of skill, where and when available.“They can’t be educated”, say the critics. “Send them south to boarding school, beyond the influences of tribalism”, say the unsympathetic. “Why try to school the young while the unschooled elders negate their new-found skills?” say the liberals. “Education is disruptive and diminishes tribal authority”, say the ignorant.
Teaching Purposeful Reading to Aboriginal Children
Authors: Christie M. 
Published: August 2016

In many aspects of formal education we expect Aboriginal children to think, learn and behave as white children. This is an unreasonable expectation because Aboriginal children in their home lives are seldom equipped with those skills which are necessary at school. Worse, teachers often don’t understand what skills are required in school learning because they are so fundamental to the task, and because white children display these skills so easily.This paper looks at the reading process from this point of view and identifies areas where Aboriginal children need to be taught specific skills before they can read with purpose. Suggestions as to how to teach these skills are included.The major aim of this paper is to look at ways in which teachers of Aboriginal children can improve reading ability. I believe that our teaching methods could be improved by concentrating on what I see as being the crucial difference between Aboriginal and White Australian (yolngu and balanda) children in the formal school setting. That is, that yolngu children do not expect to and do not participate in the school program in an active purposeful self-conscious way, but rather participate passively in the school learning process in the same way as they participate passively in their day-to-day home life. What I intend to do is talk first of all about this particular idea and then later about things that I hope or believe teachers can do about it.