bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in treatments and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction among cancer survivors and patients without cancer, 1995 to 2013
Authors: Gong Inna Y. , Yan Andrew T. , Ko Dennis T. , Earle Craig C. , Cheung Winson Y. , Peacock Stuart , Hall Marlous , Gale Chris P. , Chan Kelvin K. W. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThere is a paucity of information about treatment and mortality trends after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for cancer survivors (CS).METHODSIn this population‐based study, the authors compared temporal trends of treatments and outcomes (mortality, nonfatal cardiovascular outcomes), among CS and patients without cancer (the noncancer patient [NCP] group) with AMI in Ontario (Canada) using inverse probability treatment weight (IPTW)‐adjusted modeling.RESULTSOf 270,089 patients with AMI (22,907 CS, 247,182 NCP, 1995‐2013; median follow‐up, 10.1 and 11.0 years, respectively), the use of invasive coronary strategies and pharmacotherapies increased and mortality declined for CS and NCP (all Ptrend < .001). At 30 days after AMI, there was no difference between CS and NCP in the receipt of coronary angiography (incidence risk ratio [IRR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96‐1.01; P = .23), percutaneous coronary intervention (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94‐1.02; P = .29), or bypass (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85‐1.02; P = .11). At 90 days after AMI, there was no difference in the receipt of β‐blockers, clopidogrel, or nitrates; but CS were less often prescribed angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers and statins. CS had higher all‐cause mortality at 30 days (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.17; P < .001), at 1 year (1.16; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.20; P < .001), and long term (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.25; P < .001) and had a greater risk of heart failure (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.14; P = .001), but not myocardial re‐infarction (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95‐1.01; P = .22) or stroke (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97‐1.16; P = .18).CONCLUSIONSAmong CS and NCP with AMI in Ontario, similar improvements in mortality and receipt of treatments were observed between 1995 and 2013. However, compared with NCP, CS had a higher risk of mortality and heart failure. Cancer 2018;124:1269‐78. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter alterations across cancer types as detected by next‐generation sequencing: A clinical and molecular analysis of 423 patients
Authors: Schwaederle Maria , Krishnamurthy Nithya , Daniels Gregory A. , Piccioni David E. , Kesari Santosh , Fanta Paul T. , Schwab Richard B. , Patel Sandip P. , Parker Barbara A. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDTelomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations that may affect telomerase activity have recently been described in human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical correlates of TERT promoter abnormalities in a large cohort of patients with diverse cancers.METHODSThis study analyzed TERT promoter alterations and clinical characteristics of 423 consecutive patients for whom molecular testing by next‐generation sequencing was performed between August 2014 and July 2015.RESULTSOf the 423 patients, 61 (14.4%) had TERT promoter mutations, and this placed TERT promoter alterations among the most prevalent aberrations after tumor protein 53 (TP53; 39%) and KRAS and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) alterations (15% each) in this population. TERT promoter alterations were more frequent in men (P = .031) and were associated with brain cancers (P = .001), skin cancers/melanoma (P = .001), and a higher number of aberrations (P = .0001). A co‐alteration analysis found that TERT promoter alterations were significantly correlated with CDKN2A/B (P = .001) and BRAF abnormalities (P = .0003). Patients harboring TERT promoter alterations or TP53 or CDKN2A/B alterations and those with 4 or more alterations demonstrated shorter survival (hazard ratio for normal TERT promoters vs aberrant ones, 0.44; P = .017). However, only a higher number of alterations remained significant in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSOverall, TERT promoter alterations were among the most prevalent aberrations in this population, with very high rates in brain cancers (48% of patients) and melanomas (56% of patients). These aberrations frequently coexist with a high number of other aberrations, with the latter feature also significantly associated with poorer overall survival. Therapeutic options for targeting tumors with TERT promoter mutations are currently limited, although a variety of novel approaches are under development. Cancer 2018;124:1288‐96. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Presentation and outcome of frequent and rare sarcoma histologic subtypes: A study of 10,262 patients with localized visceral/soft tissue sarcoma managed in reference centers
Authors: Penel Nicolas , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Giraud Antoine , Terrier Philippe , Ranchere‐Vince Dominique , Collin Françoise , Guellec Sophie L. E. , Bazille Céline , Lae Marick , de Pinieux Gonzague , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle L. , Bonvalot Sylvie , Cesne Axel L. E. , Robin Yves‐Marie , Stoeckle Eberhardt , Toulmonde Maud , Blay Jean‐Yves 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to describe characteristics at diagnosis and outcomes of adults with soft tissue sarcoma.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective multicenter study of 12,262 patients who were treated between January 1980 and 31 December 2013 in French Sarcoma Group centers and enrolled in the “Conticabase.” Diagnoses were systematically reviewed by expert pathologists, and entities were classified according to the 2013 World Health Organization classification. Diagnostic characteristics, treatments, and outcomes are described for the entire cohort, for the subgroup of patients with translocation‐related sarcomas, and for 9 different histologic subtypes.RESULTSThe results stressed the magnitude of heterogeneity among adult sarcomas. For example, compared with other sarcomas, translocation‐related sarcomas (2143 tumors; 20.8%) were associated with a younger age at presentation (40.6 vs 60.0 years; P < .0001), a low rate of predisposing conditions (0.01% vs 22.3%; P < .0001), a higher rate of lymph node involvement (4.7% vs 1.3%; P < .0001), and a higher rate of synchronous metastasis (11.9% vs 6.7%; P < .001); and complete (R0) resection (41.6% vs 31.9%; P < .0001), receipt of (neo)adjuvant radiation therapy (62.6% vs 42.2%; P < .0001), and receipt of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (36.6% vs 22.3%; P < .0001) were significantly more frequent. Overall, translocation‐related sarcomas were associated with a lower rate of local relapse (18.1% vs 26.0%; P < .0001) but a higher rate of metastatic relapse (42.0% vs 30.7%; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSCollaborative efforts are urgently needed to better assess the natural history and management options for every histologic subtype of sarcoma. Cancer 2018;124:1179‐87. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The efficacy of prostate‐specific antigen screening: Impact of key components in the ERSPC and PLCO trials
Authors: de Koning Harry J. , Gulati Roman , Moss Sue M. , Hugosson Jonas , Pinsky Paul F. , Berg Christine D. , Auvinen Anssi , Andriole Gerald L. , Roobol Monique J. , Crawford E. David , Nelen Vera , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Zappa Marco , Luján Marcos , Villers Arnauld , de Carvalho Tiago M. , Feuer Eric J. , Tsodikov Alex , Mariotto Angela B. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M. , Etzioni Ruth 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThe European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) demonstrated that prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening significantly reduced prostate cancer mortality (rate ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69‐0.91). The US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) trial indicated no such reduction but had a wide 95% CI (rate ratio for prostate cancer mortality, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.87‐1.36). Standard meta‐analyses are unable to account for key differences between the trials that can impact the estimated effects of screening and the trials' point estimates.METHODSThe authors calibrated 2 microsimulation models to individual‐level incidence and mortality data from 238,936 men participating in the ERSPC and PLCO trials. A cure parameter for the underlying efficacy of screening was estimated by the models separately for each trial. The authors changed step‐by‐step major known differences in trial settings, including enrollment and attendance patterns, screening intervals, PSA thresholds, biopsy receipt, control arm contamination, and primary treatment, to reflect a more ideal protocol situation and differences between the trials.RESULTSUsing the cure parameter estimated for the ERSPC, the models projected 19% to 21% and 6% to 8%, respectively, prostate cancer mortality reductions in the ERSPC and PLCO settings. Using this cure parameter, the models projected a reduction of 37% to 43% under annual screening with 100% attendance and biopsy compliance and no contamination. The cure parameter estimated for the PLCO trial was 0.CONCLUSIONSThe observed cancer mortality reduction in screening trials appears to be highly sensitive to trial protocol and practice settings. Accounting for these differences, the efficacy of PSA screening in the PLCO setting is not necessarily inconsistent with ERSPC results. Cancer 2018;124:1197‐206. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Adoption of evidence‐based novel therapies in the treatment of gastric cancer: A national observational study
Authors: Mokdad Ali A. , Ali Amna , Yopp Adam C. , Polanco Patricio M. , Nassour Ibrahim , Mansour John C. , Choti Michael A. , Minter Rebecca M. , Wang Sam C. , Porembka Matthew R. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThe adoption of novel and effective gastric cancer therapies into general clinical practice has crucial implications for patient outcomes. The current study explored trends in treatment use and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer in the United States.METHODSPatients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and noncardia were identified in the National Cancer Data Base between 2006 and 2014. Tumor stages were divided into early (IA), locally advanced (IB‐IIIC), and metastatic (IV) stage. Treatment use was examined according to tumor stage and location. Time trend analyses of treatment use and overall survival were conducted.RESULTSA total of 89,098 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were identified. In those with early‐stage cancer, endoscopic treatment increased over time in patients with cardia and noncardia disease. In patients with locally advanced cardia disease, preoperative therapy use increased over time (2013‐2014 [vs 2006‐2008]: odds ratio [OR], 3.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.80‐3.41). In patients with locally advanced noncardia disease, the use of preoperative therapy also increased (2013‐2014: OR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.88‐3.82) as did the use of perioperative therapy (2013‐2014: OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 3.52‐5.03) in lieu of postoperative treatment (2013‐2014: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60‐0.71). In patients with metastatic disease, approximately 34% of patients with cardia and 40% of patients with noncardia cancer did not receive treatment. Stage‐specific and location‐specific overall survival was found to improve over the study period.CONCLUSIONSPractice patterns for the treatment of gastric cancer in the United States reflect the increased adoption of evidence‐based therapies, including endoscopic resection of early‐stage cancer and preoperative therapy for patients with locally advanced disease. Treatment for metastatic disease remains markedly underused. Cancer 2018;124:1122‐31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Trends in botanical dietary supplement use among US adults by cancer status: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2014
Authors: Li Chao , Hansen Richard A. , Chou Chiahung , Calderón Angela I. , Qian Jingjing 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDPatients with cancer may use botanical dietary supplements (BDS) in an attempt to manage the side effects of chemotherapy, yet evidence about BDS use among patients with cancer is limited. The authors examined trends in BDS use among US adults according to cancer status and patient characteristics.METHODSA serial, cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 through 2014 (n = 43,644). Self‐reported cancer diagnosis history and any BDS use in the preceding 30 days were determined. The prevalence of BDS use was calculated in each cycle for respondents with and without cancer, both overall and by patient characteristics. Simple linear regression models were applied to test for trends in BDS use at a 2‐sided P value < .05. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to identify the patient factors associated with BDS use. The results were weighted to represent national estimates.RESULTSThe prevalence of BDS use was greater among participants who had cancer compared with participants who did not have cancer, but trends remained stable during 1999 through 2014 for both groups. Trends in BDS use declined in patients with cancer who were older (Ptrend = .047), had a low annual family income (Ptrend = .028), and had a lower education level (Ptrend = .004). Among the respondents without cancer, trends in BDS use declined in those who were middle‐aged (Ptrend = .025), non‐Hispanic whites (Ptrend = .025), those with a lower education level (Ptrend = .011), and those who were not receiving prescription medication (Ptrend = .036). Patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, and health conditions were associated with BDS use.CONCLUSIONSThe overall use of BDS remained stable during 1999 through 2014 for US adults with and without cancer, but it varied by individual characteristics. Cancer 2018;124:1207‐15. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Optical Techniques for Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe concept of solid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), proposed in 1995, opened a new field in display and lighting technologies. The key advantage of this technology derives from a single emissive layer containing an emissive material and an ionic salt. Mobile ions in the emissive layer induce electrochemical doping at electrodes and thus the operation voltage can be reduced even if using air‐stable electrodes. Since the first demonstration of LECs, many materials‐oriented efforts have been made in improving device performance of LECs. However, some difficulties arising from material properties limit further optimizing the device characteristics of LECs. Recently, optical techniques have been shown to achieve better device properties without using new materials. Light extraction techniques recycle the light trapped in layered device structure and thus enhance the light output and efficiency of LECs. Recombination zone probing techniques offer direct evidence of carrier balance in LECs and is helpful in optimizing device performance. Spectral filtering based on microcavity effects and localized surface plasmon resonance from metal nanoparticles have the advantages of easy fabrication and compatibility with device processing of LECs. This Minireview provides an overview of the three categories of recent advances in optical techniques for LECs.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon: An Effective Non‐Noble Metal Catalyst for the Upgrade of Biofuels
Authors: Jiang Liang , Zhou Peng , Liao Chanjuan , Zhang Zehui , Jin Shiwei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new method has been developed for the deoxygenation of vanillin to produce 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (MMP) as a promising liquid fuel over a heterogeneous non‐noble metal catalyst. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon (Co/N‐C‐600) exhibit high activity and stability for the deoxygenation of vanillin into MMP under mild conditions (150 °C, 10 bar H2). Nearly quantitative MMP yield is obtained in isopropanol after 8 h at 150 °C and 10 bar H2 pressure. According to the distribution of products with time, the deoxygenation of vanillin into MMP mainly proceeds through the hydrogenation of vanillin into vanillyl alcohol and the subsequent hydrogenolysis of vanillyl alcohol into MMP, of which the latter is the rate‐determining step, owing to a much higher activation energy. Moreover, after being recycled several times, the loss of catalytic activity is negligible, which demonstrates that the Co/N‐C‐600 catalyst shows good resistance to deactivation.
Advancing breeding phenology does not affect incubation schedules in chestnut‐crowned babblers: Opposing effects of temperature and wind
Authors: Capp Elliot , Liebl Andrea L. , Cones Alexandra G. , Russell Andrew F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProjecting population responses to climate change requires an understanding of climatic impacts on key components of reproduction. Here, we investigate the associations among breeding phenology, climate and incubation schedules in the chestnut‐crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps), a 50 g passerine with female‐only, intermittent incubation that typically breeds from late winter (July) to early summer (November). During daylight hours, breeding females spent an average of 33 min on the nest incubating (hereafter on‐bouts) followed by 24‐min foraging (hereafter off‐bouts), leading to an average daytime nest attentiveness of 60%. Nest attentiveness was 25% shorter than expected from allometric calculations, largely because off‐bout durations were double the expected value for a species with 16 g clutches (4 eggs × 4 g/egg). On‐bout durations and daily attentiveness were both negatively related to ambient temperature, presumably because increasing temperatures allowed more time to be allocated to foraging with reduced detriment to egg cooling. By contrast, on‐bout durations were positively associated with wind speed, in this case because increasing wind speed exacerbated egg cooling during off‐bouts. Despite an average temperature change of 12°C across the breeding season, breeding phenology had no effect on incubation schedules. This surprising result arose because of a positive relationship between temperature and wind speed across the breeding season: Any benefit of increasing temperatures was canceled by apparently detrimental consequences of increasing wind speed on egg cooling. Our results indicate that a greater appreciation for the associations among climatic variables and their independent effects on reproductive investment are necessary to understand the effects of changing climates on breeding phenology.
Rapid song divergence leads to discordance between genetic distance and phenotypic characters important in reproductive isolation
Authors: Nwankwo Emmanuel C. , Pallari Chryso Th. , Hadjioannou Louis , Ioannou Andreas , Mulwa Ronald K. , Kirschel Alexander N. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe criteria for species delimitation in birds have long been debated, and several recent studies have proposed new methods for such delimitation. On one side, there is a large consensus of investigators who believe that the only evidence that can be used to delimit species is molecular phylogenetics, and with increasing numbers of markers to gain better support, whereas on the other, there are investigators adopting alternative approaches based largely on phenotypic differences, including in morphology and communication signals. Yet, these methods have little to say about rapid differentiation in specific traits shown to be important in reproductive isolation. Here, we examine variation in phenotypic (morphology, plumage, and song) and genotypic (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) traits among populations of yellow‐rumped tinkerbird Pogoniulus bilineatus in East Africa. Strikingly, song divergence between the P. b. fischeri subspecies from Kenya and Zanzibar and P. b. bilineatus from Tanzania is discordant with genetic distance, having occurred over a short time frame, and playback experiments show that adjacent populations of P. b. bilineatus and P. b. fischeri do not recognize one another's songs. While such rapid divergence might suggest a founder effect following invasion of Zanzibar, molecular evidence suggests otherwise, with insular P. b. fischeri nested within mainland P. b. fischeri. Populations from the Eastern Arc Mountains are genetically more distant, yet share the same song with P. b. bilineatus from Coastal Tanzania and Southern Africa, suggesting they would interbreed. We believe investigators ought to examine potentially rapid divergence in traits important in species recognition and sexual selection when delimiting species, rather than relying entirely on arbitrary quantitative characters or molecular markers.
Low genetic variation of invasive Fallopia spp. in their northernmost European distribution range
Authors: Holm Anne‐Kari , Elameen Abdelhameed , Oliver Benedikte W. , Brandsæter Lars O. , Fløistad Inger S. , Brurberg May B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKnowledge about the reproduction strategies of invasive species is fundamental for effective control. The invasive Fallopia taxa (Japanese knotweed s.l.) reproduce mainly clonally in Europe, and preventing spread of vegetative fragments is the most important control measure. However, high levels of genetic variation within the hybrid F. × bohemica indicate that hybridization and seed dispersal could be important. In Norway in northern Europe, it is assumed that these taxa do not reproduce sexually due to low temperatures in the autumn when the plants are flowering. The main objective of this study was to examine the genetic variation of invasive Fallopia taxa in selected areas in Norway in order to evaluate whether the taxa may reproduce by seeds in their most northerly distribution range in Europe. Fallopia stands from different localities in Norway were analyzed with respect to prevalence of taxa, and genetic variation within and between taxa was studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Taxonomic identification based on morphology corresponded with identification based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) and DNA ploidy levels (8× F. japonica, 6× F. × bohemica and 4× F. sachalinensis). No genetic variation within F. japonica was detected. All F. × bohemica samples belonged to a single AFLP genotype, but one sample had a different SSR genotype. Two SSR genotypes of F. sachalinensis were also detected. Extremely low genetic variation within the invasive Fallopia taxa indicates that these taxa do not reproduce sexually in the region, suggesting that control efforts can be focused on preventing clonal spread. Climate warming may increase sexual reproduction of invasive Fallopia taxa in northern regions. The hermaphrodite F. × bohemica is a potential pollen source for the male‐sterile parental species. Targeted eradication of the hybrid can therefore reduce the risk of increased sexual reproduction under future warmer climate.
Electrochemically Co‐deposited Teeth‐like Virus‐Platinum Nanohybrids as an Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Manivannan Shanmugam , Jeong Juwon , Kim Kyuwon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractM13 virus (M13) as scaffolds has a major appeal, owing to their mono‐dispersed, fibrillar morphology and engineerable surface reactive sites. Herein we had developed a facile electrocatalyst for energy application. Platinum nanostructures are directly co‐deposited from a wild‐type M13 (or) two different engineered M13 mixed electrolytes onto the ITO electrodes. The engineered M13 with 4E peptides could specifically nucleate Pt precursor thereby enables the efficient growth of teeth‐like structures at the ITO electrode. The electrocatalytic activity of the resulting electrocatalyst toward methanol oxidation in alkaline medium was investigated and found enhanced mass activity (0.321 A/mgPt) relative to the catalyst prepared from wild‐type M13, Y3E peptides engineered M13 and without M13. Our novel electrocatalyst fabrication can be extended to other metal and metal oxides and its application might be useful to develop novel clean and green energy generating and storage materials.