bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Community Music’ in Germany? An attempt to untangle German and English concepts in the context of music and pedagogy
Authors: Josties Elke 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Which concepts come into play in the context of music and pedagogy? Why do German institutions tend to favour English terms such as ‘education’? Why does a concept like ‘Community Music’ have no simple German translation – and why does it evoke irritating associations of ‘music abuse’ in 20th century German history? How can we characterize the tradition and profile of music education in German youth work today? What would we achieve by introducing ‘Community Music’ as a theoretical, musical-pedagogical concept to discourses on cultural education? And how can we define ‘Community Music’ in the German context? Why is the more artistically/aesthetically, pedagogically oriented Kulturelle Bildung of central interest in Germany? Does a new concept like Community Music threaten to crush the achievements of music-based children’s and youth work? This essay is an attempt to untangle German and English concepts in the context of music and pedagogy. The author predicts that the term ‘Community Music’ will establish itself in Germany – similar to how ‘education’ has already established itself. This term will put a new label on old knowledge, strengthen or endanger established fields of practice, initiate new musical-pedagogical discourses and projects, but also evoke a host of vague associations.
Music Geragogy, Elemental Music Pedagogy and Community Music – didactic approaches for making music in old age
Authors: Hartogh Theo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Older people have shown a growing interest in cultural activities in recent years. In Germany, the disciplines Music Geragogy and Elementary Music Pedagogy have reacted to this trend and started to integrate the topic ‘Music making in old age’ into (further) education programmes. This article presents these initiatives and their links to Community Music. As for the future, the international discourse concerning these three approaches should produce important stimuli for the didactic and methodological fundamentals of the topic ‘Music making in old age’, in both theory and practice.
Developing community music in Germany: The journey to this journal issue
Authors: De Banffy-Hall Alicia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Although community music is slowly gaining popularity in Germany, it is still largely unknown, both as a term and as a concept of practice. Consequently, it has so far been understudied: there has been no primary research to specifically explore the concept of community music in Germany. This journal issue is a first step in exploring community music from a variety of academic disciplines: music education, music therapy and social work. It is the first publication solely dedicated to community music in Germany. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, to analyse and locate the concept of community music in the German context and in relation to the disciplines of music education and social work. Second, to provide a local, practice-based example of the potential and resonance of the concept of community music in the German context. The example I provide is the Munich Community Music Action Research Group (MCMARG), which shows how community music in Munich developed as a result of the group’s work. The group consisted of eight policy-makers, practitioners and academics and worked for over two years (2013–2015) to develop community music in Munich. The process and developments of the MCMARG led to local developments in community music practice, to an international community music conference and finally to this journal issue. In both parts of this article I will show first, that community music has intersections with a range of contexts and disciplines in Germany, and second, the relevance of the community music concept to many areas of music-making practice in Germany. This will hopefully provide a point of reference and identification for community musicians and researchers in this field as it develops in Germany.
“Prayer is the answer”: Apocalypticism, Our Lady, and Catholic Identity
Authors: Krebs Jill 
Published: March 2016

AbstractApocalyptic beliefs are common in modern Marian apparitions and represent an important area of tension between believers and skeptics—tension that in part determines the official Church stance toward, as well as popularity and longevity of, the apparition. Apocalypticism therefore is an important component of Catholic identity for many Marian devotees. Drawing from a case study of a modern apparition site in rural Emmitsburg, Maryland, I argue that apocalyptic beliefs shape Catholic identity by framing social and religious changes as evidence of coming chastisement; galvanize action among believers, who both prepare for and attempt to avert apocalypse; and validate the Catholic identity of those individuals marginalized within their communities because of those same apocalyptic beliefs. Using Christian Smith's subcultural identity theory of religious persistence and strength, as well as literature on apparitional movements, I describe the dynamics of apocalyptic belief in modern Marian apparitions, explore how the tension engendered by apocalypticism promotes strong identity through symbolic boundary marking, and argue that such beliefs shape Catholic identity for apocalyptic Catholics.
“Declension Comes Home”: Cotton Mather, Male Youth Rebellion, and the Hope of Providential Affliction in Puritan New England
Authors: Setran David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe theme of generational religious decline has been a staple of New England Puritan historiography. Yet while scholars have examined these issues at the larger cultural and ecclesial levels, few have looked at the small-scale manifestations of such “declension” within Puritan parent-child relationships. This article looks at Cotton Mather's perceptions of the causes of and potential solutions for male youth waywardness in colonial New England. Attempting to provide pastoral wisdom for distressed parents in his congregation, Mather also had to deal with this issue in his own home. His rebellious son, Increase, served as a very personal example of a vexing public issue, and Mather worked hard to put his pastoral ideals into “fatherly” practice. As he confronted these challenges, Mather located the causes of male youth rebellion in the perilous nature of “youth,” the failures of Puritan parents, and the inscrutable sovereignty of God. In the end, I argue that Mather was ultimately hopeful about God's work and purposes in the midst of youth declension. His belief in God's providence meant that the afflictions attending youthful rebellion could be perceived as God's means of spurring repentance and renewal, addressing parental sin, bolstering godly childrearing, and arousing youth themselves in the pursuit of righteousness.
Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Long Social Gospel Movement
Authors: Cook Vaneesa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHistorians have posited several theories in an attempt to explain what many regard as Martin Luther King, Jr.'s radical departure, in the late 1960's, from his earlier, liberal framing of civil rights reform. Rather than view his increasingly critical statements against the Vietnam War and the liberal establishment as evidence of a fundamental change in his thinking, a number of scholars have braided the continuity of King's thought within frameworks of democratic socialism and the long civil rights movement, respectively. King's lifelong struggle for racial justice in America, they argue, was rife with broader and more radical implications than that of a national campaign for political inclusion. His message was global, and it was revolutionary. However, when depicting him exclusively in the context of black radicals during “the long civil rights movement,“ or the labor movement, these scholars have a tendency to downplay the most fundamental component of King's activism - his religion. More so than he referenced the brave black leaders of previous civil rights campaigns, King drew upon the writings and ideas of social gospel thinkers, such as Walter Rauschenbusch and Reinhold Niebuhr. By analyzing King within the context of “the long social gospel movement” in addition to “the long civil rights movement,” we can explain his radical social mission in terms of race and class, but without marginalizing the Christian values at the core of his calling.
ER strikes again: Proteostasis Dysfunction In ALS
Authors: Maharjan Niran , Saxena Smita 
Published: March 2016

The precise contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) variants in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients to the pathogenesis of ALS remained unclear. In the present study, Woehlbier et al () demonstrated that these PDI variants are capable of altering motor neuron morphology, impairing the expression of synaptic proteins, and compromising neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF BIOSURFACTANT BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA USING CASSAVA FLOUR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER AS MEDIA
Authors: Suryanti Venty , Hastuti Sri , Handayani Desi Suci 
Published: March 2016

<span>Biosynthesis of biosurfactant by </span><em>Pseudomonas </em><em>aeruginosa</em><span> have been prepared using cassava flour industrial wastewater (</span><em>manipueira</em><span>) as medium. The optimum condition of the biosurfactans biosynthesis was obtained using media containing nutrient broth and manipueira without centrifugation (NBM) with 4 days fermentation. UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra indicated that the biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid containing hydroxyl, ester, carbocylic and aliphatic carbon chain functional groups. Biosurfactant exhibited critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 576 mg/L and surface tension value of 0.045 N/m. The biosurfactant was able to decrease the interface tension and form emulsion with benzene, toluene, gasoline and palm oil. This biosurfactant showed w/o emulsion system.</span>
UTILIZATION OF α-KERATIN OF CHICKEN FEATHERS AS ADSORBEN OF LEAD ION
Authors: Latifah Rais Nur , Ernia Roro , Pramono Edi 
Published: March 2016

<span>Research of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Pb ions<span class="apple-converted-space"> adsorption</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>chicken feathers<span class="apple-converted-space"> adsorbent ha</span>s<span class="apple-converted-space"> been conducted. This research aims to determine adsorption properties of activated chicken feathers and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>the chicken feathers that were<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>not activatedby<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Na<sub>2</sub>S for Pb ions. The adsorption process was conducted by batch method with variation of the concentration, pH, and contact time. Pb content in solution is characterized by AAS spectroscopy (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The results show that the contact time and pH condition for adsorption equilibrium are 60 min for activated chicken feathers and 90 min for chicken feathers<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>which were<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>not activated<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>by<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Na<sub>2</sub>S at pH 8. Pb absorption by chicken feathers follows<span class="apple-converted-space"> Freundlich isotherm and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>reaction kinetics follow the Ho equation.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF β-SITOSTEROL AND STIGMASTEROL MIXTURE FROM ROOT BARK OF SLATRI (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. f)
Authors: Saputra Doni Eko , Handayani Nestri , Wartono Muhammad Widyo 
Published: March 2016

<p>Chemical isolation and identificationof root bark of <em>Calophyllumsoulattri</em>Burm. f. have been conducted. Isolation was conducted by maceration with ethyl acetate as solvent. Ethyl acetate extract was separated and purified by vacuum liquid chromatography and flash chromatography which was guided by thin layer chromatography to obtain yellowish white solid. Isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopy methods such as UV, FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC and were compared to the references. Based on the analysis result it’s known that the compounds are the mixture of?-sitosterol and stigmasterol.</p>
OPTIMIZING OF TIO2 SEPARATION FROM BANGKA ILMENITE BY LEACHING PROCESS USING HCL
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Hidayatullah Hari , Pramono Edi 
Published: March 2016

<span>Separation of titanium dioxide (TiO</span><sub>2</sub>) from ilmenite Bangka has been done byleaching processusing HCl. Before the leaching process, ilmenite was roastedat 900<sup>o</sup>C for pre-oxidation (preliminary - oxidation). Leaching process carried out by variation of HCl concentration and Fe<sup>0 </sup>reducing agents. While the re-deposition of dissolved Ti<sup>4+ </sup>ion achieved by hydrolysis - condensation using 2-propanol-H<sub>2</sub>O solvents. Leaching the pre-oxidazed ilmenite shows the phase change of pseudobrokite (Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub>) into hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and synthetic rutile (TiO<sub>2</sub>). Formation of the synthetic rutile was characterized by the loss of intensity of Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub><span class="apple-converted-space"> at 26.65º and the increasing intensity of rutile TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span class="apple-converted-space"> at 27.49º.The dissolution rate of both titanium and iron was found to be increased, generally, by increasing acid concentration in case of HCl as well as by increasing ilmenite: Fe</span><sup>0</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> ratio. Precipitation of the dissolved titania with 2-propanol -H</span><sub>2</sub>Oof 8:2(v /v) produced anatase TiO<sub>2 </sub>due to the hydrolysis and condensation of Ti-tetra isopropoxide complexes.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF C-HEXYL CALIX[4]RESORCINARENA FROM RESORCINOL-HEPTANAL CONDENSATION
Authors: Handayani Desi Suci , Amin Zainal Arifin Almaqqomul , Kusumaningsih Triana , Masykur Abu 
Published: March 2016

<p>Synthesis of C-hexyl calix[4]resorcinarene through condensation reaction between resorcinol and heptanal with HCl catalyst has been investigated. Synthesis conducted by the ratio of resorcinol: heptanal (1:1) using reflux for 6 hours in ethanol. Structural analysis of the product was done by FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, while the characterization was done by determining melting point. The product was golden brown powder with a yield 99.43% and melting point more than 300 °C. Structural analysis with FTIR and 1 HNMR known vibration and signals characteristic of calix[4]resorcinarena group, the vibrations of the CH bridge. Vibration of CH bridge appearance at wave number 1445 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 1456 cm<sup>-1</sup>, while signal of CH bridge appearance at chemical shifts from 4.17 to 4.21 ppm.</p>
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION METAL PRECURSOR Co AND Mo ON CHARACTER OF CoMo / USY CATALYST
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Hidayat Yuniawan , Saputri Tiara Diah 
Published: March 2016

<p>The preparation and characterization of bimetallic catalysts using impregnation method with a variation of concentration of precursor sequence Co and Mo metal obtained catalyst K 1 [Co (0.018 M) - Mo (0.037 M)/USY]. K 2 [Co (0.026 M) - Mo (0.055 M)/USY], K 3 [Co (0.035 M) - Mo (0.074 M)/USY], K 4 [Co (0.05 M) - Mo (0.11 M )/USY] and K 5 [Co (0.107 M) - Mo (0.22 M)/USY].</p><p>Character of the catalyst in terms of crystallinity was analyzed by XRD. The result shows that there is no cristalinity damage of USY after impregnation but the amorphous cristalin structure was obtained. Amount of metal content was analyzed by XRF and the catalyst morphology by SEM-EDS. The result shows that the higher the concentration of Co and Mo so that find the higher content of metal in catalyst of the prepared catalyst increase. K 4 shows the best characteristic of catalysts prepared in this research. Analysis of K 4 is proving that Co and Mo are presented in catalyst</p>
CHARACTERISTICS OF Chlorella sp BIOMASS IMMOBILIZED ON CHITOSAN (Chlo-Kit) FOR ADSORPTION OF CHROMIUM(III) SOLUTION
Authors: Zaharah Titin Anita , Shofiyani Anis , Sayekti Endah 
Published: March 2016

<p>Properties of biosorbent prepared from biomass of <em>Chlorella </em>sp immobilized on chitosan (Chlo-Kit) have been studied for adsorption of Chromium(III). Chlo-Kit adsorbent prepared by following steps: dissolving chitosan to get hydrogel form, immobilization of biomasson chitosan hydrogel, <em>beads </em>formation and crosslinkingthe adsorbent beads using epichlorohydrin reagent.</p>Characterization using FT-IR spectrophotometry and SEM showed that mechanism of biomass immobilization on chitosan involves electrostatic interactions between the functional groups of such both materials. Biomass immobilized on chitosan (Chlo-Kit) showed the higher stability in acid medium than un-immobilized biomass. Adsorption of Cr(III) metal ion on Chlo-Kit occured at optimum pH of 4-5 and followed well the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of Cr(III) on Chlo-Kit was 68.965 mg/g, about 91% higher than that on Chlorella biomass
EFFECT OF TANNASE ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CASHEW APPLE JUICE (Anacardium occidentale Linn)
Authors: Anwar Yunita Arian Sari 
Published: March 2016

<p>We previously produced tannase from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> using solid state medium. In the present study the enzyme used cashew apple juice. The aim this research was to know effect of tannase on chemical parameters of cashew apple juice. The concentration of tannase used was 0%; 0.02%; 0.04%; 0.06%; 0.08% and 0.1% (v/v). The chemical properties of the juice produced by enzymatic method were compared with the juiced produced through high temperature treatment (100<sup>o</sup>C). This research showed that the addition of 0.1% of tannase enzyme provide the best product according to the lower content of tannins than the content of tannins in the juice produced with high temperature treatment. The tannase treatment did not change the vitamin C content, content of protein and pH. Meanwhile, high temperature treatment decreased the content of vitamin C and protein.</p>
CYTOTOXIC COMPOUND FROM ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF Brucea javanica (L.) Merr FRUIT AGAINST HeLa CELL LINE
Authors: Nurlina Nurlina , Widiyantoro Ari 
Published: March 2016

<p>The pure compound relatively (85 mg) was isolated from 4.5 kg <em>Brucea javanica</em> (L.) Merr. fruits sample. It was obtained from ethyl acetate fraction as a red-brownish amorphous solid of melting point 202-206 <sup>o</sup>C. Phytochemical screening of isolate showed positive result of terpenoid group. Based on analysis by UV, IR,<sup>1</sup>H-NMR and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with known related compounds, indicated that isolate is quassinoid compound named Picras 3- en- 21- oat acid, 15-(acetyloxy)-13,20- epoxy-3-(ß-D- glucopyranosyloxy)-11, 12- dihydroxy -2, 16- dioxo -, methyl ester. Cytotoxic test using MTT assay method showed that compound have IC<sub>50</sub> 9,7 µg/mL.</p>
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE REACTION WITH IODIDE IN ACID CONDITION
Authors: Rosalia Ayuni Dita , Patiha Patiha , Heraldy Eddy 
Published: March 2016

<p>This research aimed to find out I<sup>-</sup> reaction order in the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide reaction with iodide in acid condition, to find out the form of rate law, and to show the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction. The experiment for determining reaction order was carried out with isolation method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The order reaction was obtained from the <em>r</em> value approaching one, the results of its linear regression. The form of rate law was viewed from the presence or absence of oxygen gas. Meanwhile the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction was determined by observing the pH value in 60 minutes.</p><p>The result of experiment shows that the mechanism of reaction has rate law in the form of fraction, in which I<sup>-</sup> could be in zero and first orders. In addition, the rate law in this experimental condition is not an addition in the absence of O<sub>2</sub> and relatively equal <em>k</em><sub>obs</sub> value in the same order. The role of H<sup>+ </sup>is observed not as catalyst, but reactant.</p>
PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TiO2 NANO SUPPORTED ON MEMBRANE CELLULOSE ACETATE/NATA DE COCO (CA/NDC) IN PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE
Authors: Prawithasari Roro Ernia , Fadilah Ilma , Mudjijono Mudjijono , Saraswati Teguh Endah , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi 
Published: March 2016

<p>Study of synthesis and effectiveness of membrane catalyst of cellulose acetate/nata de coco-TiO<sub>2 </sub>nano (CA/NDC-TiO<sub>2</sub> nano) in photodegradation of methylene blue in batch system has been investigated. TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination at 450<sup>o</sup>C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images indicate nano TiO<sub>2</sub> has been successfully synthesized with average particle diameter as 88,63±4,37 nm. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of nano TiO<sub>2</sub> shows some characteristic peaks of anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> were still existed. Membrane photocatalyst of CA/NDC- nano TiO<sub>2</sub> was prepared via phase inversion method by mixing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with CA casting solution. Thermogravimetric analysis shows three decomposition steps of CA/NDC-nano membrane as well as CA/NDC membrane. Photodegradation of methylene blue was conducted with nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> particles and CA/NDC-TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane for 50 minutes in batch system. The absorbance changes were measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 664.6 nm. The result shows the photodegradation rections tended to follow second order reaction. According to the rate constant value, <em>k</em>, the photocatalytic effectivity using CA-NDC/nano TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane and nano TiO<sub>2</sub>photocatalysts in metilen blue photodegradation, statistically were not significantly different.</p>
STUDY OF CONFORMATIONAL PREFERENCES OF ERYTHRO-CAROLIGNAN E ASSESSED BY THE COUPLING BETWEEN H7'-H8' IN DIFFERENT NMR SOLVENTS
Authors: Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah , Sapar Ajuk , Masriani Masriani 
Published: March 2016

<p><em>Erythro</em>-carolignan E (<strong>1</strong>) has been obtained from the ethanol extract of the wood bark of <em>Durio affinis</em> Becc. This research was conducted in order to prove that conformational preferences of compound <strong>1</strong> were solvent dependent. On the basis of <sup>1</sup>H-NMR data, the relative configuration of compound <strong>1</strong> was characterized by a coupling constant (<sup>3</sup><em>J</em><sub>HH</sub>) value of 3.3 Hz at H-7' in CDCl<sub>3</sub>. The coupling constant (<sup>3</sup><em>J</em><sub>HH</sub>) values of H-7' in compound <strong>1</strong> has changed to 4.1 Hz and 5.3 Hz in pyridine-<em>d</em><sub>5</sub> and acetonitrile-<em>d</em><sub>3</sub> respectively. As a result, the conformation of compound <strong>1</strong> at C7'-C8' has changed in different NMR solvents. In conclusion, structure of<em>erythro</em>-carolignan E that contains a dihydroxy group at C7'-C8' is able to change in different NMR solvent.</p>