bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Firing Temperatures on Structural Changes in Porcelain
Authors: Tripathi Arvind , Bagchi Soumyojeet , Singh Juhi , Gaurav Vivek , Pal Singh Negi Mahendra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo study the structural changes occurring in the dental porcelain mass fired at various firing temperatures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Also, additional tests, namely compressive strength, abrasion resistance analysis, and the amount of oxides released, were conducted at different firing temperatures.Materials and MethodsSix groups (40 specimens in each group) of porcelain mass were prepared. The dimensions and weight of all the specimens were kept constant. The specimens were then heat treated at different firing temperatures (660°C, 760°C, 860°C, 900°C, 960°C, 990°C). Half of the specimens of each group were subjected to a compressive strength test on a universal testing machine and then finely ground using an electrochemical grinder to prepare for XRD analysis. The other half of the specimens was weighed to analyze the amount of oxides released after each firing cycle. Following this, the specimens underwent an abrasion resistance test on a Nanovea Tribometer. The unaltered surface was scanned using SEM. The data (numerical and graphical) for all the tests were recorded and analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.ResultsThe specimens fired at 900°C exhibited superior compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The quantity of oxides released by the specimens fired at 900°C was the least compared to specimens heat treated at the other firing temperatures. XRD analysis proved that the oxide released by the porcelain mass was calcium aluminum chromium oxide. Also, the fewer peaks obtained in the XRD graphs of specimens fired at 900°C signified lesser porosities in the porcelain specimens. SEM analysis depicted a homogeneous mass of porcelain at 900°C.ConclusionAll the above findings validate the objective of studying the physical and internal structural changes of dental porcelain when subjected to an increasing firing temperature gradient. The specimens fired at 900°C exhibited superior strength and abrasion resistance. SEM analysis depicted a homogeneous mass of dental porcelain, implying that firing was complete at 900°C.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Microdochium bolleyi
, a Dark Septate Fungal Endophyte of Beach Grass
Authors: David Aaron S. , Haridas Sajeet , LaButti Kurt , Lim Joanne , Lipzen Anna , Wang Mei , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Spatafora Joseph W. , May Georgiana 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the genome sequence of the dark septate fungal endophyte
Microdochium bolleyi
(
Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Xylariales
). The assembled genome size was 38.84 Mbp and consisted of 173 scaffolds and 13,177 predicted genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Isolated from a Dromedary Camel in Egypt
Authors: Kandeil Ahmed , Shehata Mahmoud M. , El Shesheny Rabeh , Gomaa Mokhtar R. , Ali Mohamed A. , Kayali Ghazi 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We generated the near-full genome sequence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a collected nasal sample of dromedary camel in Egypt. The newly characterized Egyptian strain has high similarity to the previously characterized Egyptian virus and both of viruses fell into a cluster distinct from other MERS-CoVs.
C. N. Yang on Teaching and Research in Physics
Authors: Shi Yu , Waxman David 
Published: April 2016

This document is based on five conversations between Prof. C. N. Yang and others in Beijing in 1986. In the conversations, Yang gave his views on the state and development of physics at that time, and the relationship between physics and philosophy. The conversations also contain Yang’s reminiscences on the creation of Yang–Mills theory and his advice to young people, especially those in China.
One-pot room temperature synthesizing Cu- and Mn-doped ZnSe nanocrystals by a rapid photochemical method
Authors: Bahador A. R. , Molaei M. , Karimipour M. 
Published: April 2016

In this work, a one-pot, rapid, green and room temperature photochemical synthesis of transition metal (TM; Cu, Mn)-doped ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs) was reported. NCs were successfully characterized using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX). FT-IR spectra confirmed the capping of ZnSe by thioglycolic acid (TGA) molecules. XRD and TEM analysis demonstrated zinc blend phase NCs with an average size of around 3 nm. Band gap of ZnSe NCs was about 3.6 eV which it was decreased by increasing the illumination time. PL spectra of ZnSe NCs showed a broad emission with two peaks located at 380 nm and 490 nm related to excitonic and trap states emission, respectively. For ZnSe:Cu NCs, excitonic emission disappeared completely and PL intensity of trap states emission increased with the increase in the Cu[Formula: see text] ion concentration so that for precursor ratio of Cu:Zn 1%, optimal value of PL intensity was obtained. For ZnSe:Mn NCs, the excitonic emission decreased gradually with the increase in the impurity concentration whereas trap state emission increased. Moreover, a peak about 590 nm was appeared from 4T1-6A1 transition of the Mn[Formula: see text] impurity, demonstrating the Mn incorporation inside the ZnSe NCs structure.
Exome-Scale Discovery of Hotspot Mutation Regions in Human Cancer Using 3D Protein Structure
Authors: Tokheim Collin , Bhattacharya Rohit , Niknafs Noushin , Gygax Derek M. , Kim Rick , Ryan Michael , Masica David L. , Karchin Rachel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The impact of somatic missense mutation on cancer etiology and progression is often difficult to interpret. One common approach for assessing the contribution of missense mutations in carcinogenesis is to identify genes mutated with statistically nonrandom frequencies. Even given the large number of sequenced cancer samples currently available, this approach remains underpowered to detect drivers, particularly in less studied cancer types. Alternative statistical and bioinformatic approaches are needed. One approach to increase power is to focus on localized regions of increased missense mutation density or hotspot regions, rather than a whole gene or protein domain. Detecting missense mutation hotspot regions in three-dimensional (3D) protein structure may also be beneficial because linear sequence alone does not fully describe the biologically relevant organization of codons. Here, we present a novel and statistically rigorous algorithm for detecting missense mutation hotspot regions in 3D protein structures. We analyzed approximately 3 × 105 mutations from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified 216 tumor-type–specific hotspot regions. In addition to experimentally determined protein structures, we considered high-quality structural models, which increase genomic coverage from approximately 5,000 to more than 15,000 genes. We provide new evidence that 3D mutation analysis has unique advantages. It enables discovery of hotspot regions in many more genes than previously shown and increases sensitivity to hotspot regions in tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Although hotspot regions have long been known to exist in both TSGs and oncogenes, we provide the first report that they have different characteristic properties in the two types of driver genes. We show how cancer researchers can use our results to link 3D protein structure and the biologic functions of missense mutations in cancer, and to generate testable hypotheses about driver mechanisms. Our results are included in a new interactive website for visualizing protein structures with TCGA mutations and associated hotspot regions. Users can submit new sequence data, facilitating the visualization of mutations in a biologically relevant context. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3719–31. ©2016 AACR.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Limits Secretion of Lumican by Activated Stellate Cells within Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tumors
Authors: Kang Ya'an , Roife David , Lee Yeonju , Lv Hailong , Suzuki Rei , Ling Jianhua , Rios Perez Mayrim V. , Li Xinqun , Dai BingBing , Pratt Michael , Truty Mark J. , Chatterjee Deyali , Wang Huamin , Thomas Ryan M. , Wang Yu , Koay Eugene J. , Chiao Paul J. , Katz Matthew H. , Fleming Jason B. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lethal cancer whose primary tumor is characterized by dense composition of cancer cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composed largely of collagen. Within the PDAC tumor microenvironment, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are the dominant stromal cell type and responsible for collagen deposition. Lumican is a secreted proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibril assembly. We have previously identified that the presence of lumican in the ECM surrounding PDAC cells is associated with improved patient outcome after multimodal therapy and surgical removal of localized PDAC.
Experimental Design: Lumican expression in PDAC from 27 patients was determined by IHC and quantitatively analyzed for colocalization with PSCs. In vitro studies examined the molecular mechanisms of lumican transcription and secretion from PSCs (HPSCs and HPaSteC), and cell adhesion and migration assays examined the effect of lumican on PSCs in a collagen-rich environment.
Results: Here we identify PSCs as a significant source of extracellular lumican production through quantitative IHC analysis. We demonstrate that the cytokine, TGF-β, negatively regulates lumican gene transcription within HPSCs through its canonical signaling pathway and binding of SMAD4 to novel SBEs identified within the promoter region. In addition, we found that the ability of HPSCs to produce and secrete extracellular lumican significantly enhances HPSCs adhesion and mobility on collagen.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that activated pancreatic stellate cells within PDAC secrete lumican under the negative control of TGF-β; once secreted, the extracellular lumican enhances stellate cell adhesion and mobility in a collagen-rich environment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4934–46. ©2016 AACR.
Immunogenic Subtypes of Breast Cancer Delineated by Gene Classifiers of Immune Responsiveness
Authors: Miller Lance D. , Chou Jeff A. , Black Michael A. , Print Cristin , Chifman Julia , Alistar Angela , Putti Thomas , Zhou Xiaobo , Bedognetti Davide , Hendrickx Wouter , Pullikuth Ashok , Rennhack Jonathan , Andrechek Eran R. , Demaria Sandra , Wang Ena , Marincola Francesco M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The abundance and functional orientation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer is associated with distant metastasis-free survival, yet how this association is influenced by tumor phenotypic heterogeneity is poorly understood. Here, a bioinformatics approach defined tumor biologic attributes that influence this association and delineated tumor subtypes that may differ in their ability to sustain durable antitumor immune responses. A large database of breast tumor expression profiles and associated clinical data was compiled, from which the ability of phenotypic markers to significantly influence the prognostic performance of a classification model that incorporates immune cell–specific gene signatures was ascertained. Markers of cell proliferation and intrinsic molecular subtype reproducibly distinguished two breast cancer subtypes that we refer to as immune benefit-enabled (IBE) and immune benefit-disabled (IBD). The IBE tumors, comprised mostly of highly proliferative tumors of the basal-like, HER2-enriched, and luminal B subtypes, could be stratified by the immune classifier into significantly different prognostic groups, while IBD tumors could not, indicating the potential for productive engagement of metastasis-protective immunity in IBE tumors, but not in IBD tumors. The prognostic stratification in IBE was independent of conventional variables. Gene network analysis predicted the activation of TNFα/IFNγ signaling pathways in IBE tumors and the activation of the transforming growth factor-β pathway in IBD tumors. This prediction supports a model in which breast tumors can be distinguished on the basis of their potential for metastasis-protective immune responsiveness. Whether IBE and IBD represent clinically relevant contexts for evaluating sensitivity to immunotherapeutic agents warrants further investigation. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 600–10. ©2016 AACR.
Social Watch: espaço alternativo para a comunicação da sociedade civil global
Authors: Vicente Maximiliano Martin 
Published: April 2016

O presente texto tem por finalidade apresentar como o site alternativo Social Watch contribui para a construção da cidadania mundial ao publicar propostas de Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), identificadas com coletivos excluídos dos meios tradicionais de comunicação de massa. Para tanto se analisa a estrutura do site e se aprofunda o estudo de uma de suas publicações, o boletim de agosto, utilizando alguns dos componentes principais da análise do enquadramento e do conteúdo. A análise permite concluir que, de fato, o site se apresenta como uma possibilidade real para que a sociedade civil use seu espaço e cobre do poder público projetos e propostas destinados a incrementar a cidadania global.
Os conflitos culturais da década de 1960 na revista Realidade
Authors: Rosa Márcia Eliane 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo faz um recorte de alguns aspectos do cenário conflitante cultural da década de 1960 no Brasil a partir da revista Realidade, importante publicação jornalística do país no período. Os textos da revista Realidade, uma publicação diferente de todas outras do gênero à época, conseguiram reunir material jornalístico e histórico que retratou o cotidiano de uma época e captou flagrantes da cultura do país, evidenciando, entre 1966-1968, partes ou ângulos desses acontecimentos culturais em uma sociedade criativa e efervescente.
Gollum e Sméagol: O Expressionismo no Inquietante
Authors: Villalon Renan Claudino 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo é um estudo em análise sobre o personagem Gollum/Sméagol de acordo com as suas possíveis características imagéticas e psicanalíticas de acordo com o movimento cinematográfico do expressionismo alemão e da teoria freudiana O Inquietante. O estudo tem como justificativa o reconhecimento de outras perspectivas conceituais relacionado à uma adaptação literária para o cinema como uma forma de abranger outros assuntos sobre adaptações de personagens, indo além de teorias sobre adaptação. Seu objetivo principal é verificar as características do movimento cinematográfico e da tese psicanalítica freudiana mencionados, de acordo com a forma como o personagem Gollum/Sméagol foi adaptado ao cinema. Para a escrita do artigo foram pesquisados os conceitos sobre: expressionismo alemão, O Inquietante (de Freud) e sobre a técnica para efeitos especiais performance-capture, isto para a análise do personagem da forma como é visto na trilogia cinematográfica em sua versão estendida.
O Papel do Jornalismo Cultural e a relação com a Cultura Popular
Authors: Cerigatto Mariana Pícaro 
Published: April 2016

A cobertura centrada na agenda e no entretenimento dificulta o tratamento contextualizado e menos estereotipado de temáticas relacionadas à cultura popular. A partir disso, este artigo discute as regularidades do jornalismo cultural e traz as recomendações da Unesco para a valorização de conteúdos relacionados à diversidade cultural.
Short‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Wilker Elissa H. , Dorans Kirsten S. , Rice Mary B. , Schwartz Joel , Coull Brent A. , Koutrakis Petros , Gold Diane R. , Keaney John F. , Lin Honghuang , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: April 2016

Background
Short‐term exposure to elevated air pollution has been associated with higher risk of acute cardiovascular diseases, with systemic oxidative stress induced by air pollution hypothesized as an important underlying mechanism. However, few community‐based studies have assessed this association.

Methods and Results

Two thousand thirty‐five Framingham Offspring Cohort participants living within 50 km of the Harvard Boston Supersite who were not current smokers were included. We assessed circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress including blood myeloperoxidase at the seventh examination (1998–2001) and urinary creatinine‐indexed 8‐epi‐prostaglandin F
2α
(8‐epi‐
PGF
2α
) at the seventh and eighth (2005–2008) examinations. We measured fine particulate matter (
PM
2.5
), black carbon, sulfate, nitrogen oxides, and ozone at the Supersite and calculated 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐day moving averages of each pollutant. Measured myeloperoxidase and 8‐epi‐
PGF
2α
were log
e
transformed. We used linear regression models and linear mixed‐effects models with random intercepts for myeloperoxidase and indexed 8‐epi‐
PGF
2α
, respectively. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, individual‐ and area‐level measures of socioeconomic position, clinical and lifestyle factors, weather, and temporal trend. We found positive associations of
PM
2.5
and black carbon with myeloperoxidase across multiple moving averages. Additionally, 2‐ to 7‐day moving averages of
PM
2.5
and sulfate were consistently positively associated with 8‐epi‐
PGF
2α
. Stronger positive associations of black carbon and sulfate with myeloperoxidase were observed among participants with diabetes than in those without.

Conclusions
Our community‐based investigation supports an association of select markers of ambient air pollution with circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Hematoma Changes During Clot Resolution After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Cao Shenglong , Zheng Mingzhe , Hua Ya , Chen Gao , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua 
Published: April 2016

Background and Purpose—
Hematoma clearance occurs in the days after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and has not been well studied. In the current study, we examined changes in the hematoma in a piglet ICH model. The effect of deferoxamine on hematoma was also examined.

Methods—
The ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, a natural time course of hematoma changes ≤7 days was determined. Second, the effect of deferoxamine on hematoma changes was examined. Hemoglobin and membrane attack complex levels in the hematoma were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine CD47 (a regulator of erythrophagocytosis), CD163 (a hemoglobin scavenger receptor), and heme oxygenase-1 (a heme degradation enzyme) in the clot.

Results—
After ICH, there was a reduction in red blood cell diameter within the clot with time. This was accompanied by membrane attack complex accumulation and decreased hemoglobin levels. Erythrophagocytosis occurred in the hematoma, and this was associated with reduced clot CD47 levels. Activated macrophages/microglia were CD163 and hemeoxygenase-1 positive, and these accumulated in the clot with time. Deferoxamine treatment attenuated the process of hematoma resolution by reducing member attack complex formation and inhibiting CD47 loss in the clot.

Conclusions—
These results indicate that membrane attack complex and erythrophagocytosis contribute to hematoma clearance after ICH, which can be altered by deferoxamine treatment.
Life Cycle Characteristics of MCSs in Middle East China Tracked by Geostationary Satellite and Precipitation Estimates
Authors: Ai Yufei , Li Wanbiao , Meng Zhiyong , Li Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBy combining high temporal and spatial resolution Multifunctional Transport Satellite-1R (MTSAT-1R) infrared (IR) images and precipitation data from the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), this study tracked mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) from May to August in 2008 and 2009 in the middle of east China with an automatic tracking algorithm based on an areal overlapping methodology. This methodology is adjusted to include those MCSs with a relative weak intensity before formation. The unique advantage of combining high temporal and spatial resolution geostationary satellite brightness temperature images and the precipitation measurements for tracking MCSs is that the cloud-top height along with the coverage and the precipitation intensity can be well identified. Results showed that the MCSs formed most frequently in the southwest Henan Province and at the border of four provinces—Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu—which is east of the convergence zone near the terrain’s edge. Locations of the highest cloud tops and of the heaviest precipitation rates did not always match. In addition, the MCSs in the study region tended to first reach the maximum precipitation rate, followed soon by the minimum brightness temperature, then the maximum associated precipitation area, and finally the maximum in system area.
The Extreme Wind Events in the Ross Island Region of Antarctica
Authors: Weber Nicholas J. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Keller Linda M. , Cassano John J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNumerous incidents of structural damage at the U.S. Antarctic Program’s (USAP) McMurdo Station due to extreme wind events (EWEs) have been reported over the past decade. Utilizing nearly 20 yr (~1992–2013) of University of Wisconsin automatic weather station (AWS) data from three different stations in the Ross Island region (Pegasus North, Pegasus South, and Willie Field), statistical analysis shows no significant trends in EWE frequency, intensity, or duration. EWEs more frequently occur during the transition seasons. To assess the dynamical environment of these EWEs, Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) forecast back trajectories are computed and analyzed in conjunction with several other AMPS fields for the strongest events at McMurdo Station. The synoptic analysis reveals that McMurdo Station EWEs are nearly always associated with strong southerly flow due to an approaching Ross Sea cyclone and an upper-level trough around Cape Adare. A Ross Ice Shelf air stream (RAS) environment is created with enhanced barrier winds along the Transantarctic Mountains, downslope winds in the lee of the glaciers and local topography, and a tip jet effect around Ross Island. The position and intensity of these Ross Sea cyclones are most influenced by the occurrence of a central Pacific ENSO event, which causes the upper-level trough to move westward. An approaching surface cyclone would then be in position to trigger an event, depending on how the wind direction and speed impinges on the complex topography around McMurdo Station.