bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous enteritis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) associated with soya bean meal regardless of water dissolved oxygen level
Authors: Mosberian‐Tanha P , Landsverk T , Press C M , Mydland L T , Schrama J W , Øverland M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study investigated morphological changes associated with soya bean meal‐induced enteritis (SBMIE) in distal intestine (DI) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a soya bean meal (SBM)‐based diet and exposed to normoxia or hypoxia created by optimal and low water flow rates, respectively. A 28‐day adaption period was followed by a 42‐day challenge period where 600 fish were subjected to dietary challenge and/or hypoxia. Twelve tanks each containing 50 juvenile trout were assigned randomly in triplicate to each treatment. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed pathological features that have not previously been described in association with SBMIE. Vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells mainly at the base of mucosal folds, epithelial cysts, epithelial dysplasia, necrosis, shedding of necrotic cells, and granulomatous inflammation including infiltration of enlarged, sometimes finely vacuolated or “foamy” macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and increased proliferation of fibroblasts were observed. Acid‐fast bacteria were not detected in enlarged macrophages; however, these cells contained AB‐PAS‐ and sometimes cytokeratin‐positive material, which was interpreted to be of epithelial/goblet cell origin. Hypoxia did not affect the morphological changes in DI. These results suggest that SBM was associated with a granulomatous form of enteritis in DI of rainbow trout regardless of water oxygen level.
Effect of clonidine on the efficacy of lignocaine local anesthesia in dentistry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled trials
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Gowri , Sridharan Kannan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlternatives to adrenaline with lignocaine local anesthesia, such as clonidine, have been trialed in various randomized, controlled trials. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review was to compile the available evidence on using clonidine with lignocaine for dental anesthesia. Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies. A data‐extraction form was created, extracted data were analyzed using non‐Cochrane mode in RevMan 5.3 software. Heterogeneity between the studies were assessed using the forest plot, I2 statistics (where >50% was considered to have moderate‐to‐severe heterogeneity), and χ2‐test. Random‐effects models were used because of moderate heterogeneity. Five studies were included for the final review. While clonidine was found to significantly shorten the onset of local anesthesia when measured subjectively, no significant difference was observed objectively. No significant difference was observed in the duration and postoperative analgesia. Stable hemodynamic parameters within the safe range were observed postoperatively when clonidine was used. Clonidine could be considered as an alternative to adrenaline in cases of contraindications to adrenaline, such as like cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, and diabetes.
Fisetin provides antidepressant effects by activating the tropomyosin receptor kinase B signal pathway in mice
Authors: Wang Yamin , Wang Bin , Lu Jiaqi , Shi Haixia , Gong Siyi , Wang Yufan , Hamdy Ronald C. , Chua Balvin H. L. , Yang Lingli , Xu Xingshun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDepression has been associated with a low‐grade chronic inflammatory state, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for anti‐inflammatory agents. Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid in strawberries that has anti‐inflammatory activities, but whether fisetin has antidepressant effects is unknown. In this study, we exposed mice to spatial restraint for 2 weeks with or without treatment with fisetin. Immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension test after this restraint increased in the untreated group, but this increase did not occur in the fisetin group. We administered fisetin to Abelson helper integration site‐1 (Ahi1) knockout mice, which have depressive phenotypes. We found that fisetin attenuated the depressive phenotype of these Ahi1 knockout mice. We further investigated the potential mechanism of fisetin's antidepressant effects. Because TrkB is a critical signaling pathway in the mechanisms of depression, we examined whether phosphorylated TrkB was involved in the antidepressant effects of fisetin. We found that fisetin increased phosphorylated TrkB level without altering total TrkB; this increase was attenuated by K252a, a specific TrkB inhibitor. Taken together, our results demonstrated that fisetin may have therapeutic potential for treating depression and that this antidepressant effect may be mediated by the activation of the TrkB signaling pathway.
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Ontogenetic shift toward stronger, tougher silk of a web‐building, cave‐dwelling spider
Authors: Piorkowski D. , Blamires S. J. , Doran N. E. , Liao C.‐P. , Wu C.‐L. , Tso I.‐M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnimal morphological traits may vary across life stages. Web‐building spiders are diverse insectivores that can display ontogenetic shifts in the design and properties of their webs. Nevertheless, we know little about how a critical component of their webs, major ampullate silk (MAS), varies in property across life stages, inferably owing to a difficulty in finding suitable model species. The Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes presents as a good model as it is long‐lived and grows to a large body size with overlapping generations. We collected MAS from the webs of different‐sized H. troglodytes and performed tensile tests on MAS fibers collected from their webs to search for shifts in properties over life stages. We found that strength and toughness (i.e. ability to deform and absorb energy) of the MAS increased with spider carapace width and body length. We expect that such a shift in silk performance across life stages has distinctive advantages, including enhanced prey capture capabilities, an improvement in the economy of silk production and ability of the web to support the spider's larger body.
A comparison of growth patterns between non‐indigenous Halophila nipponica and the native sympatric Zostera marina on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula
Authors: Park Jung‐Im , Kim Jeong Bae , Lee Kun‐Seop 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe growth dynamics of two co‐occurring seagrass species, Zostera marina and Halophila nipponica, were examined on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. Zostera marina is a native dominant seagrass species in Korean coastal waters, whereas H. nipponica is a non‐native tropical and subtropical species that has extended its distributional range to the temperate coastal areas of Korea. To examine the differences in the growth dynamics of H. nipponica and Z. marina, their morphology, density, productivity and biomass, as well as local environmental conditions, were monitored monthly from January 2008 to July 2009. Underwater irradiance at the study site was the highest in April 2009 and the lowest in January 2008. Water temperature ranged from 10.4°C in January 2009 to 24.8°C in September 2008. Significant differences in growth dynamics were observed between the species, due to the effect of water temperature at the study site. Density and areal productivity were the highest in April 2008 and June 2008, respectively, for Z. marina but the highest in July 2008 for H. nipponica. Leaf size, shoot height and shoot weight were the highest in July 2008 for Z. marina but the highest in August 2008 or September 2008 for H. nipponica. The productivity of both species was strongly correlated with water temperature at the study site. However, the productivity of these species was not strongly correlated with underwater irradiance or the nutrient availability of either the water column or sediment pore water. Zostera marina exhibited the ecological characteristics of a temperate seagrass, whereas H. nipponica retained the features of a subtropical/tropical seagrass, even after adapting to the temperate coastal waters of Korea.
A qualitative study exploring midwives' perceptions and knowledge of maternal obesity: Reflecting on their experiences of providing healthy eating and weight management advice to pregnant women
Authors: McCann Mary T. , Newson Lisa , Burden Catriona , Rooney Jane S. , Charnley Margaret S. , Abayomi Julie C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMidwives are responsible for providing advice regarding the complex issues of healthy eating and weight management during pregnancy. This study utilised an inductive data‐driven thematic approach in order to determine midwives' perceptions, knowledge, and experiences of providing healthy eating and weight management advice to pregnant women. Semistructured interviews with 17 midwives were transcribed verbatim and data subjected to thematic analysis. The findings offer insight into the challenges facing midwives in their role trying to promote healthy eating and appropriate weight management to pregnant women. Three core themes were identified: (a) “If they eat healthily it will bring their weight down”: Midwives Misunderstood; (b) “I don't think we are experienced enough”: Midwives Lack Resources and Expertise; and (c) “BMI of 32 wouldn't bother me”: Midwives Normalised Obesity. The midwives recognised the importance of providing healthy eating advice to pregnant women and the health risks associated with poor diet and obesity. However, they reported the normalisation of obesity in pregnant women and suggested that this, together with their high workload and lack of expertise, explained the reasons why systematic advice was not in standard antenatal care. In addition, the current lack of UK clinical guidance, and thus, possibly lack of clinical leadership are also preventing delivery of tailored advice. Implementation literature on understanding the barriers to optimal health care delivery and informing clinical practice through research evidence needs to be further investigated in this field. This study has recommendations for policy makers, commissioners, service providers, and midwives.
Isolation of Candida auris from 9 patients in Central America: Importance of accurate diagnosis and susceptibility testing
Authors: Araúz Ana Belen , Caceres Diego H. , Santiago Erika , Armstrong Paige , Arosemena Susan , Ramos Carolina , Espinosa‐Bode Andres , Borace Jovanna , Hayer Lizbeth , Cedeño Israel , Jackson Brendan R. , Sosa Nestor , Berkow Elizabeth L. , Lockhart Shawn R. , Rodriguez‐French Amalia , Chiller Tom 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCandida auris is an emerging multidrug‐resistant (MDR) fungus associated with invasive infections and high mortality. This report describes 9 patients from whom C. auris was isolated at a hospital in Panama City, Panama, the first such cases in Central America, and highlights the challenges of accurate identification and methods for susceptibility testing.
Negotiating the Nexus: Symbiotic Relationship of Theory and Practice in Conflict Management
Authors: Broome Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe field of conflict resolution has long recognized that theory and practice are both vital in studying peace and conflict. But theory and practice often exist in separate worlds, each vying for privilege and recognition. However, many scholars and practitioners work in the theory–practice nexus, constantly negotiating as they move back and forth between the two domains. But even though tensions often exist between theory and practice, this essay proposes that they function together is a symbiotic relationship. Several ways are proposed for how a symbiotic approach to theory and research can be beneficial for the study and practice of conflict management, and the benefits of doing so are outlined. It is proposed that theory and practice come together in special ways in the classroom, and scholars and practitioners are encouraged to consider possibilities for promoting through teaching and pedagogy the coevolution of knowledge that is the essence of symbiosis.
Improved transcriptome sampling pinpoints 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events in Caryophyllales, including two allopolyploidy events
Authors: Yang Ya , Moore Michael J. , Brockington Samuel F. , Mikenas Jessica , Olivieri Julia , Walker Joseph F. , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Studies of the macroevolutionary legacy of polyploidy are limited by an incomplete sampling of these events across the tree of life. To better locate and understand these events, we need comprehensive taxonomic sampling as well as homology inference methods that accurately reconstruct the frequency and location of gene duplications.

We assembled a data set of transcriptomes and genomes from 168 species in Caryophyllales, of which 43 transcriptomes were newly generated for this study, representing one of the most densely sampled genomic‐scale data sets available. We carried out phylogenomic analyses using a modified phylome strategy to reconstruct the species tree. We mapped the phylogenetic distribution of polyploidy events by both tree‐based and distance‐based methods, and explicitly tested scenarios for allopolyploidy.

We identified 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events distributed throughout Caryophyllales. Two of these events were inferred to be allopolyploidy.

Through dense phylogenomic sampling, we show the propensity of polyploidy throughout the evolutionary history of Caryophyllales. We also provide a framework for utilizing transcriptome data to detect allopolyploidy, which is important as it may have different macroevolutionary implications compared with autopolyploidy.
Pediatric vaccine‐strain herpes zoster: a case series
Authors: Dreyer Sean , Hemarajata Peera , Hogeling Marcia , Henderson Gregory P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/objectivesHerpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), and typically causes a painful, vesicular, dermatomal rash in adults over the age of fifty. However, HZ has been known to present in immunocompetent pediatric patients, which account for under 1% of total cases. Pediatric cases are typically caused by natural infection with VZV, but among vaccinated children up to half of cases can be due to vaccine‐strain VZV. We present two such cases of vaccine‐strain HZ in pediatric patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of two cases seen at UCLA‐affiliated sites. PCR and Sanger sequencing, using previously described PCR primers, determined the presence of two vaccine‐strain‐specific single nucleotide polymorphisms.ResultsWe report two cases of vaccine‐strain HZ in immunocompetent pediatric patients who had previously received the varicella vaccine, affecting the right thigh in the first patient and the left leg in the second. Varicella‐strain VZV positivity was confirmed by PCR. Both patients had received the varicella vaccine at 12 months of age. Both patients achieved complete resolution of symptoms after 7‐day courses of acyclovir.ConclusionsWhile vaccination against VZV has overall reduced the incidence of both varicella and HZ in US children, given the widespread use of the VZV vaccine, awareness of the possibility of vaccine‐induced HZ remains an important consideration.
Self‐limited neonatal periumbilical erythema
Authors: Peterman Caitlin M. , Morley Keith W. , Tan Jennifer K. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report three cases of neonatal, noninfectious, periumbilical erythema that resolved shortly after umbilical stump detachment. We hypothesize that these infants experienced an inflammatory and vasodilatory response during the normal umbilical cord separation process. We propose a new term: self‐limited neonatal periumbilical erythema.
Does Perceived Societal Impact Moderate the Effect of Transformational Leadership on Value Congruence? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Jensen Ulrich Thy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTransformational leadership, it is argued, aligns employees' values with those of their organization. Empirical research has found a positive relationship between transformational leadership and value congruence. Yet studies rely predominantly on cross‐sectional research designs that limit causal conclusions and have not uncovered the potential contextual conditions of this argument. This article argues that transformational leadership positively affects value congruence in public service organizations, but only when employees see that their jobs impact the well‐being of other people and society. To test the relationship between transformational leadership and value congruence and the moderating effect of perceived societal impact, the article combines a field experiment on 79 managers of public service organizations and a balanced survey panel of their 583 employees. Consistent with the expectation, results indicate heterogeneous treatment effects, implying that employees' perceived societal impact is important to consider when transformational leaders strive to align the values of individual employees and the organization.
Peri‐conceptional under‐nutrition alters transcriptomic profile in the endometrium during the peri‐implantation period—The study in domestic pigs
Authors: Zglejc K , Martyniak M , Waszkiewicz E , Kotwica G , Franczak A 
Published: September 2017

ContentsFemale under‐nutrition during early pregnancy may affect the physiological pattern of the transcriptomic profile in the endometrium. We aimed to determine if restricted diet applied to females during peri‐conceptional period, that is, from the onset of the oestrus until day nine of pregnancy, alters transcriptomic profile in the endometrium during the peri‐implantation period. The restricted diet gilts were fed forage, in which the dose of proteins and energy had been reduced by 30% compared to normal diet. Microarray analysis revealed that approximately 4% of transcripts, that is 1690 of 43803 probes from The Porcine (V2) Gene Expression Microarray 4 × 44 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) were consistently altered (p ≤ .05) in the endometrium harvested from pigs fed restricted diet. In pigs fed restricted diet out of 1690 genes, 714 genes were upregulated and 976 genes were downregulated versus in pigs fed normal diet. From 1690 genes, 510 (30%) were genes with known biological functions in the KEGG database. The proportions of the differentially expressed transcripts were organized into six major categories and 39 subcategories containing 259 pathways associated with the differentially expressed genes. The largest amount of differentially expressed genes was involved in metabolism category. The most relevant genes were involved in gene ontology (GO) cellular component (CC) term. These findings suggest that females under‐nutrition during peri‐conceptional period may create changes in endometrial transcriptome during the peri‐implantation period creating the potential changes in physiological functions of peri‐implantation endometrium.
Blood service in the Tibetan regions of Garzê and Aba, China: a longitudinal survey
Authors: Wang Y. , Wu Z. , Yin Y. H. , Rao S. Q. , Liu B. , Huang X. Q. , Liu X. X. , Li W. H. , Ye S. L. , Li S. Y. , Yu X. C. , Wu D. R. , Xu J. , Wang Z. K. , Zhang R. , Li C. Q. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundGarzê and Aba form the second largest Tibetan‐inhabited area of China. Blood services have never been reported for this region before.ObjectiveTo assess the current situation and analyse whether a safe and adequate blood supply has been developed in both Garzê and Aba.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal survey covering the period 2011–2016. The subjects of interest were recruited from non‐remunerated voluntary donation, blood testing, clinical transfusion practices and infrastructure of local blood service systems.ResultsThe donation rate and blood collection volume were below the average levels of both the Sichuan Province and mainland China. Component therapy was widely used, but inappropriate usage of whole blood existed. A lack of national specific standards for people on the plateaus led to local blood transfusions being conducted without full clinical assessment. Endemic and frequently occurring disease, such as hydatid disease and gastrointestinal disease, were inevitable risks for blood utilisation and safety. The potential influence of religious belief and traditions, like ‘male‐leaving marriages’, of Tibetans on donor recruitment and blood safety requires further research.ConclusionsA relatively safe and complete blood service system has been developed in this region. However, there is still an urgent need for comprehensive and effective support from the government in terms of policies and finance. As an epidemic area of hydatid disease and sexually transmitted disease, this region needs to emphasise public health measures, such as blood safety and inappropriate usage of blood products.
Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a novel benznidazole liquid dosage form using a quality‐by‐design approach
Authors: Santos Souza Higo Fernando , Real Daniel , Leonardi Darío , Rocha Sandra Carla , Alonso Victoria , Serra Esteban , Silber Ariel Mariano , Salomon Claudio Javier 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo develop an alcohol‐free solution suitable for children of benznidazole, the drug of choice for treatment of Chagas disease.MethodsIn a quality‐by‐design approach, a systematic optimisation procedure was carried out to estimate the values of the factors leading to the maximum drug concentration. The formulations were analysed in terms of chemical and physical stability and drug content. The final preparation was subjected to an in vivo palatability assay. Mice were infected and treated orally in a murine model.ResultsThe results showed that benznidazole solubility increased up to 18.38 mg/ml in the optimised co‐solvent system. The final formulation remained stable at all three temperatures tested, with suitable drug content and no significant variability. Palatability of the preparation was improved by taste masking of BZL. In vivo studies showed that both parasitaemia and mortality diminished, particularly at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day.ConclusionQuality by design was a suitable approach to formulate a co‐solvent system of benznidazole. The in vivo studies confirmed the suitability of the optimised such solutions to diminish both parasitaemia and mortality. Thus, this novel alternative should be taken into account for further clinical evaluation in all age ranges.
Using Bacteroidales genetic markers to assess fecal pollution sources in coastal waters
Authors: Xue Jia , Feng Yucheng , Wijesinghe R. Udenika , Wood C. Wesley 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFecal pollution is the leading cause of beach closures in coastal regions of the United States. Identification of fecal pollution sources is necessary to implement effective pollution control strategies. This study sought to determine whether humans and cattle contributed to the fecal contamination at a public beach in Alabama, USA. High levels of enterococci were observed after significant rainfall events, of which 36 samples (35.6%) exceeded USEPA's statistical threshold value of 130 CFU/100 mL. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were used to determine general (AllBac), human‐ (HF183), and cattle‐associated (CowM3) Bacteroidales. There was a positive correlation between the levels of enterococci and AllBac markers. Our results suggest that fecal contamination from cattle was minimal and contamination from humans appeared to originate from diffuse sources. Stormwater runoff has the potential to supply considerable loads of fecal bacteria to coastal waters. Further research is needed to determine the contribution of other animals to fecal contamination in the region.