bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Danggui Shaoyao San Alleviates Early Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice Through IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a‐β‐Catenin Pathway
Authors: Zhang Kai‐Xin , Sheng Ning , Ding Peng‐Li , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Xu Xiang‐Qing , Wang Ya‐Han 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. We explored the potential mechanism by which Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) modulates central glucose metabolism via the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β)/Wnt3a‐β‐catenin pathway, thereby exerting protective effects on cognitive functions.MethodsIn vitro, HT22 cells were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) to investigate the impact of GSK3β on pathway transduction. The active components in the DSS stock solution were validated using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, an AD model in C57BL/6J mice was established through STZ injection into both ventricles. The success of the model was validated behaviorally and pathologically. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR, and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) were employed to evaluate the influence of DSS on memory and pathological changes in AD.ResultsThe DSS stock solution, rich in active components, ameliorated the memory deficits in AD mice in the MWM. In vitro, GSK3β exhibited regulatory control over Wnt and β‐catenin, with GSK3β inhibition mitigating β‐amyloid and tau redundancies at protein and gene levels, facilitating signal transduction. In vivo, DSS impacted key targets in the IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a‐β‐catenin pathway, mitigated senile plaques resulting from amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurofiber tangles induced by tau hyperphosphorylation, and alleviated the decline in central glucose metabolism observed in FDG‐PET.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that DSS potentially confers cognitive protection by alleviating central hypoglycemia through the IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a‐β‐catenin pathway. This may serve as a promising therapeutic avenue for AD.
Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops
Authors: Liu Yun , Xu Tiancheng , Yu Zhi , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe vagal sensory nerve (VSN) is an essential interoceptive pathway that is connected to every level of the body. Its intricate genetic coding provides sustenance for physiological processes, including controlling blood pressure and respiration. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a proven surface stimulation therapy that can regulate vagal nerve activity, which can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases. A growing number of studies have concentrated on the mapping of VSN codes, but little is known, and the physiological background of how EA influences interoceptive has not been fully explored.MethodHere, we incorporate the hypothesized interaction among EA targets, VSNs, and the heart. This offers suggestions for using a versatile and focused EA strategy to modify vagal interoceptive awareness to enhance cardiovascular conditions. We first clarified the major role of vagal nerve in the control of cardiac activity. Additionally, we clarified the multidimensional coding pattern in the VSNs, revealing that the targeted control of multimodal interoceptive is the functional basis of the synchronization of cardiovascular system.FindingWe propose a strategy in which EA of the VSNs is employed to activate the interoceptive loop and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Mendelian Randomization Study Supports Genetic Liability to Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Associated With the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Cao Si , Su Han , Zhang Xiaoyi , Fang Chao , Wu Nayiyuan , Zeng Youjie , Chen Minghua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundObservational studies have suggested that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) may be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether OCD is a causal risk factor for AD remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal effect of OCD on AD risk by performing a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsGenome‐wide association summary statistics were obtained for OCD, comprising 2688 cases and 7037 controls, as well as for AD, including 21,982 cases and 41,944 controls from Kunkle et al.’s study, and 39,918 cases and 358,140 controls from Wightman et al.’s study. On the basis of two diverse thresholds, OCD‐associated genetic variants were screened as instrumental variables (IVs) for subsequent MR analyses. Inverse variance weighed was the primary MR method. MR‐Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode were used as supplementary MR methods. Various sensitivity tests assessed the reliability of MR results.ResultsOn the basis of strict IV selecting thresholds, inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) identified significant causal associations between genetic liability to OCD and increased risk of AD in two different sources ((i) Kunkle et al.: odds ratio [OR] = 1.070, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015–1.127, p = 0.012; (ii) Wightman et al. 0.012; (iii) Wightman et al.: OR = 1.051, 95% CI: 1.014–1.090, p = 0.007). Three other supplementary MR methods yielded similar results to IVWs (OR > 1). Furthermore, all results were replicated in MR analyses based on lenient IV selecting thresholds. The sensitivity tests indicated that MR results were stable and not affected by significant horizontal pleiotropy.ConclusionsThis comprehensive MR study suggests that genetic liability to OCD is a causal risk factor for AD. Early intervention in patients with OCD may be beneficial in preventing future AD progression.
Debtholders' reaction to sustainability reporting regulations: International evidence
Authors: Song Haozhe , Rimmel Gunnar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of mandatory sustainability reporting on the affected firms' debt financing costs. Leveraging sustainability disclosure regulations enacted in 36 jurisdictions from 1998 to 2022 and using a staggered difference‐in‐differences empirical approach, we find that the regulation adoption firms experience a reduction in the debt financing cost subsequent to the mandate. Channel tests reveal that the benefit of a lower cost of debt is driven by greater transparency on sustainable practices and improved sustainability performance, which lead to a lower level of default risk stemming from sustainability‐related concerns. Cross‐sectional analyses further indicate that the debt financing cost reduction effect is more pronounced if the sustainability reporting regulations are issued by a government institution, on a full compliance basis, and with stronger enforcement. Our results provide policymakers with further evidence on the ongoing discussion about the effectiveness of sustainability disclosure mandates.
Enhancing Patient Outcomes: A Novel Nomogram Prediction Model Based on Systemic Immune‐Inflammation Index for Esophageal Stricture After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Wang Chen , Tang Mengqiu , Chen Dawei , Zhou Yang , Liang Gaofeng , Shen Ruiwei , Chen Tian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely utilized treatment for early esophageal cancer. However, the rising incidence of postoperative esophageal stricture poses a significant challenge, adversely affecting patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. Developing precise predictive models is urgently required to enhance treatment outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 124 patients with early esophageal cancer who underwent ESD at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital. Patients were followed up to assess esophageal stricture incidence. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with post‐ESD esophageal stricture. A novel nomogram prediction model based on Systemic Immune‐inflammation Index (SII) was constructed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsROC curve analysis showed that the optimal value of SII for predicting esophageal stricture was 312.67. Both univariate and multivariate analyses identified lesion infiltration depth (< M2 vs. ≥ M2, p = 0.002), lesion longitudinal length (< 4 cm vs. ≥ 4 cm, p = 0.008), circumferential resection range (< 0.5, 0.5–0.75, ≥ 0.75, p = 0.014), and SII (< 312.67 vs. ≥ 312.67, p = 0.040) as independent risk factors for post‐ESD esophageal stricture. A novel nomogram prediction model incorporating these four risk factors was developed. Validation using ROC curve analysis demonstrated satisfactory model performance, while calibration curves indicated good agreement between model‐predicted risk and observed outcomes.ConclusionWe successfully constructed a novel nomogram prediction model based on SII, which can accurately and intuitively predict the occurrence of esophageal stricture after ESD, providing guidance for clinicians and improving treatment outcomes.
Investigation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Echinophora chrysantha: Microwave‐Assisted Hydrodistillation and SPME Analysis of its Essential Oils
Authors: Şahin Osman , Kanbolat Şeyda , Çolak Nevin Ulaş , Badem Merve , Subaş Tuğba , Şener Sıla Özlem , Korkmaz Nuriye , Kalaycıoğlu Atila Taner , Öztürk Ergün , Sayım Alperen Ümit , Aliyazıcıoğlu Rezzan , Özgen Ufuk , Kandemir Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEchinophora genus is represented by six species in Türkiye, including three endemics. The objective of this study was to ascertain the antioxidant, tyrosinase, and collagenase inhibitory activities and to analyse the volatile oil and extracts derived from E. chrysantha using GC/MS/SPME. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The findings indicated that the methanol extract of E. chrysantha exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, both the methanol extract and volatile oil of the plant demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and collagenase. A total of 84 volatile compounds were identified from the hydrodistilled oil obtained using a microwave oven, and 23 compounds were detected by the solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) method. The most frequently occurring volatile components were α‐Phellandrene, o‐Cymene, p‐Cymene, E‐β‐Farnesene, Carotol, trans‐Caryophyllene, and β‐Phellandrene. The results of this study indicate that E. chrysantha has the potential to be developed for the treatment of hyperpigmentation issues and anti‐aging applications. Furthermore, it may also have applications in pharmacology, cosmetics and the food industry.
Speciation of the Oxide Phase of Molybdenum‐Based HDS Catalysts Enhanced with Organic Additives Using an EXAFS/Raman Coupling Methodology
Authors: Lesage Clément , Devers Elodie , Legens Christèle , Roudenko Olga , Delpoux Olivier , Beauvois Anthony , Putaud Thomas , Briois Valérie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ability to gain access to the speciation of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts used for removing sulfur and nitrogen from transportation fuels is becoming a key feature in the understanding and improvement of their catalytic activity with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions of fossil fuels. A novel coupling methodology between Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was developed, which allows for precise qualitative and quantitative analysis of the oxide phase of Mo‐based catalysts. This enabled the detailed study of various impregnation parameters and the characterization of HDS catalysts before sulfidation. To illustrate this methodology, the effects of two additives (triethylene glycol and citric acid) were studied. The results demonstrated that organic additives exert a profound influence on the speciation of oxide precursors of molybdenum‐based catalysts. The presence of these additives enhances the dispersion of Keggin or Dawson heteropolyanions (HPAs) on the support by maintaining a high phosphorus‐to‐molybdenum ratio in solution. This is achieved by two strategies: triethylene glycol (TEG) exhibits a pronounced affinity for alumina hydroxyls, while citric acid compensates for phosphate adsorption through the formation of a stable Mo‐citrate complex.
Exploring the Mechanisms and Kinetic Modeling of Phenol Amination Using Pd and Rh‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Ortega Maray , Garrido Benjamin , Gómez Daviel , Fernandez‐Andrade Alex Ariel , Domine Marcelo E. , Jiménez Romel , Arteaga‐Pérez Luis E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProducing biomass‐derived chemicals to substitute their petrochemical counterparts has long been an aspiration of the green chemistry research community. However, synthesizing secondary amines from biomass precursors presents several challenges related to catalyst nature and the mechanistic understanding of reaction systems. Here, we unravel the mechanistic and kinetic implications of the reductive amination of phenol with cyclohexylamine over Pd/C and Rh/C. A competitive Langmuir‐Hinshelwood reaction model well interpreted the kinetic data, suggesting that support‐metal interfaces serve as active sites for H2, ─NH2 and ═NH activation. The apparent activation energies for imine hydrogenation were 87.6 kJ mol−1 (Pd/C) and 34.5 kJ mol−1 (Rh/C), while ΔHads and ΔSads values confirmed the physicochemical consistency of the model. Moreover, the catalysts demonstrated their high stability to operate for several catalytic cycles, with minor activity losses due to metal leaching and partial sintering of Pd nanoparticles. Despite phenol reductive amination following similar mechanisms on Rh/C and Pd/C, they show differences in selectivity because the hydrogenation of imine is more efficient on Rh0 than on Pd0. This is the first mechanism‐oriented kinetic study for phenol reductive amination; thus, it provides valuable information for process design and scale‐up.
Enhancing the Reactivity of an Aromatic cyclo‐P5 Ligand via Electrophilic Activation
Authors: Riesinger Christoph , Blank Philip M. , Scholtes Christian , Gschwind Ruth M. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrophilic activation of the aromatic cyclo‐P5 ligand in [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] is demonstrated to drastically enhance its reactivity towards weak nucleophiles. Unprecedented functionalized, contracted as well as complexly aggregated polyphosphorus compounds are accessed utilizing [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5Me)][OTf] (A), highlighting the great potential of this underexplored mode of reactivity. Addition of carbenes to A affords novel 1,2‐ or 1,1‐difunctionalized cyclo‐P5 complexes [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5(1‐L)(2‐Me)][OTf] (L=IDipp (1), EtCAAC (2), IiPr (3 b)) and [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5(1‐IiPr)(1‐Me)][OTf] (3 a). For the first time, the much smaller IMe4 leads to the contraction of the cyclo‐P5 ligand and formation of [Cp*Fe(η4‐P4(1‐IMe)(4‐Me)] (4). DFT calculations shed light on the delicate mechanism of this type of reaction, which is reinforced by the experimental identification of key intermediates. Even the comparably weak nucleophile IDippCH2 reacts with A to form [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5(1‐IDippCH2)(1/2‐Me)][OTf] (6 a/b), highlighting its explicitly more reactive nature. Moreover, exposure of A to IDippEH (E=N, P) leads to a unique aggregation reaction affording [{Cp*Fe}2{μ2,η4:3:1–P10Me2(IDippN)}][OTf] (8) and [{Cp*Fe}2{μ2,η4:1:1:1–P11Me2(IDipp)}][OTf] (9), respectively.
200 Years of The Haloform Reaction: Methods and Applications
Authors: Rowett Albert C. , Heard David M. , Koria Priya , Dean Alice C. , Sweeting Stephen G. , Lennox Alastair J. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiscovered in 1822, the haloform reaction is one of the oldest synthetic organic reactions. The haloform reaction enables the synthesis of carboxylic acids, esters or amides from methyl ketones. The reaction proceeds via exhaustive α‐halogenation and then substitution by a nucleophile to liberate a haloform. The methyl group therefore behaves as a masked leaving group. The reaction methodology has undergone several important developments in the last 200 years, transitioning from a diagnostic test of methyl ketones to a synthetically useful tool for accessing complex esters and amides. The success of the general approach has been exhibited through the use of the reaction in the synthesis of many different complex molecules in fields ranging from natural product synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrants and flavourings. The reaction has not been extensively reviewed since 1934. Therefore, herein we provide details of the history and mechanism of the haloform reaction, as well as an overview of the developments in the methodology and a survey of examples, particularly in natural product synthesis, in which the haloform reaction has been used.
Modelling and Numerical Evaluation of Photovoltaic Parameters of a Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Methylammonium Tin Iodide
Authors: Njema George G. , Mosonik Bornes C. , Ahia Chinedu C. , Kibet Joshua K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDesigning a high‐performance solar cell structure requires the understanding of material innovation, device engineering, charge behavior, operation characteristics and efficient photoconversion of light to generate electricity. This study offers a detailed numerical evaluation of the device physics in a highly efficient methylammonium‐based perovskite solar cell (PSC) of the configuration, FTO/WO3/CH₃NH₃SnI₃/GO/Fe. Utilizing the SCAPS‐1D device simulator, an impressive open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.3184 V, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 35.10 mA/cm2, Fill factor (FF) of 78.38 %, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 36.24 % were achieved. The model cell exhibits a robust photon capture of 100 % quantum efficiency between 360 and 750 nm. The study also presents a temperature‐dependent band alignment diagram which posted a built‐in potential (Vbi) of 0.62 eV. The Vbi at 400 K was found to be 0.58 eV indicating that the model cell exhibits a decent temperature tolerance, and can retain approximately 93 % of its power at 400 K. Through Mott‐Schottky capacitance analysis, deeper insights into the space‐charge region are inferred, while recombination‐generation investigations emphasize the significance of electronic properties in optimizing device performance. This paper, therefore, lays the foundation for future studies, offering clear pathways for device optimization and identifying key areas that require further investigation.
Investigation of Novel Isatinylhydantoin Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Kinetoplastid Agents
Authors: Sechoaro Keamogetswe , Aucamp Janine , Kannigadu Christina , Janse van Rensburg Helena D. , Suganuma Keisuke , N'Da David D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeglected tropical diseases are a group of infectious diseases with a high endemicity in developing countries of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Treatment for these diseases depends solely on chemotherapy, which is associated with severe side effects, toxicity, and the development of parasitic resistance. This highlights a critical need to develop new and effective drugs to curb these diseases. As a result, a series of novel isatinylhydantoin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro anti‐kinetoplastid activity against seven human‐ or animal‐infective Trypanosoma and two human‐infective Leishmania species. The synthesized derivatives were tested for potential cytotoxicity against human, animal, and parasite host‐related cell lines. The isatinylhydantoin hybrid 4 b bearing 5‐chloroisatin and p‐bromobenzyl moieties, showed strong trypanocidal activity against blood‐stage T. congolense parasites; however, the promising in vitro trypanocidal potency of 4 b could not be translated to in vivo treatment efficacy in a preliminary animal study. Compounds 5, 2 b, and 5 b, were the most active against amastigotes of L. donovani, showing higher leishmanicidal activity than the reference drug, amphotericin B. These compounds were identified as early antileishmanicidal leads, and future investigations will focus on confirming their antileishmanial potential through in vivo efficacy evaluation as well as their exact mechanism of action.
Cs‐Promoted Co Particles on Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia as Coke‐Tolerance Methane Dry Reforming Catalyst under Elevated Pressure
Authors: Zhang Penghao , Yao Juntao , Zhu Yi‐an , Liu Zhicheng , Zhu Kake 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMethane reforming with CO2 (dry reforming) co‐converts the two green‐house gases into synthesis gas and offers a promising way to integrate CO2 utilization into the current chemical infrastructure. One major obstacle for its industrial deployment is coke deposition on catalyst surface, in particular, under industrially relevant, pressurized operation conditions. Most catalytic investigations are conducted at atmospheric pressure, but the elevation in pressure poses a grand challenge for catalyst design. In this study, we demonstrate that Cs can promote carbon‐tolerance of Co catalyst supported on Yttria‐stabilized Zirconia under 20 bar, 850 °C with stochiometric feed flow for up to 100 h, which is often regarded as accelerated deactivation testing condition. Lowered amount and mostly CO2 gasifiable residue carbons are determined in Cs‐promoted spent Co‐catalyst, with respect to pristine Co catalyst. Kinetic studies reveal that Cs slows down coke deposition, while the essential reaction mechanism on pristine Co catalyst remains unaltered. Cs+ moieties absorb CO2 to afford Cs2CO3 that can release O* on adjacent Co surface to facilitate surface C* oxidation and simultaneously suppress carbon nucleation. The disclosure of the promoting effect of Cs on Co catalyst may have implications to other reforming catalyst and process design.
Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of the Re2O7.2H2O Adduct obtained by Controlled Hydration of Re2O7.
Authors: Sécordel Xavier , Nandi Shreya , Tougerti Asma , Cristol Sylvain , Paul Jean‐François , Briois Valérie , La Fontaine Camille , Berrier Elise 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe provide here a comprehensive investigation spectroscopic of the controlled hydration of Re2O7 using Raman, Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X‐Rays Absorption (XAS) techniques in complement with ab initio modelling for confirming the spectral assignments. Hence, the Raman signature of Re2O7.2H2O was obtained, and the evolution kinetics was investigated to provide a detailed description of the hydration process.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Catalytic Application of Ferrocenyl Based Bis(pyrazolyl) Palladium Complexes
Authors: Meher Sushanta Kumar , Rao Aradhyula Basava Punna , Velpuri Venkateswara Rao , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere we report, synthesis of ferrocenyl based bis(pyrazolyl) palladium complexes. The catalytic utility of the complexes in the cross‐coupling of triarylbismuthanes and aryl bromides was evaluated. Our ferrocenyl based palladium complex showed wide substrate scope for both triarylbismuthanes and aryl bromides. Further, the current catalytic system also showed superior activity over the well‐established palladium‐phosphine catalytic system using triarylbismuthanes as reagents.