bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of primary health physicians towards self-glucose monitoring in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus in Palestine.
Authors: Hamshari Suha , Hamadneh Sondos , Ajlone Afnan Morshed , Mashni Ahmad Wajdi , Jubeh Mohammad Asem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) stands as a significant global health challenge, exerting profound effects on individuals and societies. In the context of Palestine, this condition affects 9.2% of the population and contributes to a relatively high complication rate. Diabetes management strategies need to be optimized to improve patient outcomes and alleviate the strain on the healthcare system. One of these strategies is self-glucose monitoring. One of the physicians’ roles in T2DM management is explaining and guiding patients towards the integration of self-glucose monitoring into their personal diabetes management routine.
This study assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians who care for (T2DM) patients in primary healthcare clinics in the West Bank regarding self-glucose monitoring.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, it was applied to 300 physicians working in PHC centers. The study period was from January to March 2024 Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire.
Results: A total of 300 doctors participated in this study. The median age of the doctors was 35.0 [30.0, 41.0] years. Of the doctors, 180 (60.0%) were male. The median duration of practice as a doctor was 9.0 [5.0, 15.0] years. Most, 252 (84.0%), were general practitioners, 38 (12.7%) family medicine specialists, and 10 (3.3%) other specialties. Female doctors and those who saw more patients reported better knowledge (p < 0.05). The majority believed that self-glucose monitoring can improve patient outcomes, knew values of self-glucose monitoring that corresponded to HbA1c control and the microvascular consequences of diabetes, and realized the important of self-glucose monitoring for patient. Regarding the doctors’practices, 39.3% of the doctors stated that they would recommend self-glucose monitoring to newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients more than one time a day.
Conclusion: Primary healthcare physicians had adequate knowledge and positive attitudes towards self-glucose monitoring, but 40% not confident or somewhat confident about interpreting self-monitoring data and adjusting treatment plans. Physicians’ practices related to self-glucose monitoring was less than optimal. Future studies should investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians who care for the patients in the private sector. ALSO call for more frequent continuing education.
A mechanical strategy of surface anchoring to enhance the electrochemical performance of ZnO/NiCo2O4@NF self-supporting anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yanbin , Liu Xingang , Wang Shuai , Fu Zhenyu , Sun Lixiang , Feng Wenfan , Lv Zhiqiang , Cui Yuming , Li Xiao , Yin Ping , DeMerle Ashely , Burcar Ethan , Wang Zhe , Yang Zhenglong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

NiCo2O4 has the advantages of high energy density, low cost, and environment-friendly as the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. However, NiCo2O4 is adversely affected by the slow transmission rate of lithium-ion and the collapse of its three-dimensional loose and porous nano-flake structure causes its poor cycling performance. In this study, to address this issue, the NiCo2O4 @ nickel foam(NF) composite was formed by depositing ZIF-67 on nickel foam through room temperature standing and 350 ℃ treatment, and then short ZnO nanorods with an anchoring structure were grown on its surface through heat treatment and hydrothermal treatment to obtain ZnO/NiCo2O4@NF compound materials. The nano-rod structure of ZnO material increases the contact between the electrode material and electrolyte, reduces the charge transfer resistance, and its anchoring structure stabilizes the porous sheet architecture of NiCo2O4@NF. After 100 cycles (100 mA∙g− 1), the discharge capacity of the ZnO/NiCo2O4@NF composite electrode remained at 475.2 mAh∙g− 1, which is significantly higher than 313.8 mAh∙g− 1 of NiCo2O4@NF electrode and 245.4 mAh∙g− 1 of ZnO@NF electrode.
Market Potential, panel data, and aggregate fluctuations: All that glitters is not gold
Authors: Bruna Fernando 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The New Economic Geography (NEG) provides a historical explanation for the spatial agglomeration of economic activity. One of its predictions, the ‘wage equation’, relates regional income to market accessibility. Although the NEG is a long-term theory, empirical literature has tested it using panel data methods, which capture short-term relationships between temporal changes in variables. For a sample of European regions, I show that panel data estimations of the wage equation identify only potential spillover effects of the European business cycle on the synchronic evolution of regional per capita income. That is, the panel data results are not due to the mechanisms proposed by the NEG. The paper concludes with a cautionary note about misinterpretation of panel data estimations.
JEL Classification: C18, C23, F12, R12, E32
G protein-coupled receptor 91 activations suppressed mineralization in Porphyromonas gingivalis–infected osteoblasts
Authors: Su Wenqi , Zhang Dandan , Wang Yujia , Lei Lang , Li Houxuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Succinate receptor GPR91 is one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which interact with a variety of proteins and signals to regulate different cellular functions such as cell morphology, apoptosis, and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate whether the GPR91-mediated signaling pathway affects mineralization inPorphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis)-treated osteoblasts and to investigate its potential role in osteoclast differentiation. Utilizing primary mouse osteoblasts from wild-type (WT) and GPR91 knockout (GPR91−/−) mice infected withP. gingivalis, we demonstrated that inhibition by 4C, a specific inhibitor, and knockout of GPR91 promoted migration and mineralization ability inP. gingivalis-infected osteoblasts. Additionally, ranged withP. gingivalis-infected WT osteoblasts, GPR91−/−osteoblasts had reduced RANKL production, and CM from bacteria-infected GPR91−/−osteoblasts had reduced formation of osteoclast precursors. Moreover,P. gingivalismediates GPR91 involvement in osteoblast mineralization by activating the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that GPR91 activation reduces mineralization ofP. gingivalis-infected osteoblasts and promoted osteoclastogenesis from macrophages. Targeting GPR91 may help reduce the loss of alveolar bone during bacterial infection.
A Paper-Based HPV E7 Oncoprotein Assay for Cervical Precancer Detection at the Point-of-Care
Authors: Smith Chelsey , Paul Sai , Haney Karen , Parra Sonia , Bond Meaghan , Lopez Leticia , Maza Mauricio , Felix Juan , Ramalingam Preetha , Escobar Pablo , Philip Castle , Schmeler Kathleen , Richards-Kortum Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cervical cancer, while preventable through screening and treatment of cervical precancer, remains a global challenge with a disproportionately high burden of disease in resource-limited settings. Lack of affordable, easy-to-use screening and diagnostic tests contributes to this disparity. Most commercially available tests are not appropriate for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to resource constraints. Specifically, HPV mRNA and oncoprotein tests that have high specificity for cervical precancer and cancer require complex sample preparation protocols and expensive instrumentation. To address these limitations, we developed an HPV E7 oncoprotein assay for HPV16, 18, and 45 that is appropriate for use at the point of care. The assay is paper-based, involves only five simple steps, and does not require instrumentation. We demonstrated a clinically relevant limit of detection with cellular samples. Additionally, we assessed clinical performance with a small pilot study (n = 19), in which the HPV E7 paper-based assay was found to have 95% accuracy when compared to histopathologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe (CIN2+). With further clinical validation, this assay could enable highly specific point-of-care testing for cervical precancer and cancer that is instrumentation-free, affordable, and ideal for use in resource-limited settings.
Comparison of the effect of hydrofluidization and immersion freezing on the qualitative features of a model plant material
Authors: Michalczyk Magdalena , Bernaś Emilia , Maciejaszek Ireneusz , Pater Aneta , Słupski Jacek , Palacz Michał , Stebel Michał , Smołka Jacek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

One of the most promising food freezing methods in terms of high heat transfer coefficients and resulting in reduced freezing times is a hydrofluidization method that potentially offers a higher quality of small food products compared to other well-established methods. For this reason, this work aimed to assess the effect of hydrofluidization freezing on the quality characteristics of the model plant material. Namely, the raw material in the form of apple cubes was used for the hydrofluidization freezing process in a 50% glycerol solution and a 40% ethanol solution and then compared to immersion freezing in the same media and chamber freezing. In the test carried out, the hydrofluidization method was characterized by an average heat transfer coefficient of 1055 W/(m2K) and 835 W/(m2K) for the glycerol and ethanol solutions, respectively, which resulted in a 40% reduction in freezing time compared to the immersion freezing in the corresponding solution. Then color, drip loss, texture parameters, the content of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and polyphenol oxidase activity were evaluated for all three methods. As a result, the obtained product was characterized by a lower drip loss and a significantly better color after thawing. However, no substantial advantages of this method were found, compared to the immersion method, regarding the content of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase.
Equilibrium analysis of the tripartite evolutionary game of power battery recycling and utilization
Authors: Wu Yuping , Sun Yonghui , Zhou Yang , Hu Xiangpei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The recycling and reuse of retired power batteries is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed in the future, holding significant importance for environmental protection and resource conservation. The elucidation of the functional mechanisms among the stakeholders in the reverse supply chain of power batteries is crucial for system coordination and sustainable development. Hence, based on evolutionary game theory, constructing a game model among the government, recyclers, and Cascade Utilization Enterprises is necessary to investigate the impact of relevant parameters on the decision-making processes and stable strategies of each participating entity. The results indicate that government incentives in the form of subsidies and penalties towards recyclers and Cascade Utilization Enterprises have positive effects. However, penalties exhibit delayed effects and may have unintended consequences, while subsidies should be maintained within the government's affordability. The enhanced reputational value of "compliant" recyclers and "innovative" Cascade Utilization Enterprises also has a positive impact. Conversely, "non-compliant" recyclers can negatively affect "innovative" Cascade Utilization Enterprises. Hence, strict regulation of recyclers' behavior is imperative for the government.
Disparities in Low-Carbon Concrete GWP at the metropolitan level in the United States
Authors: Broyles Jonathan , Gevaudan Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The specification of Global Warming Potential (GWP) targets for low-carbon concrete is essential to guide decarbonization efforts for the built environment. Yet specifying GWP targets by multi-state regions reduces the granularity needed to define GWP targets locally. To probe this paradigm, we analyze 39,536 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and show that 85.3% highly correlate with the 50 most populous U.S. metros. Our results demonstrate that low-carbon concrete specification targets can only be met in metropolitan areas with sufficient GWP data, such as New York City and Los Angeles, which account for 41% of EPDs and, hence, skew regional GWPs – preventing equitable and attainable low-carbon concrete specifications. The use of supplementary cementitious materials remains a pathway to reduce GWP. Additionally, local differences in transportation and manufacturing reveal new avenues to achieve low-carbon targets. These findings evince the need for concrete GWP specifications at the metropolitan level to meet national decarbonization goals.
A greenhouse tomato precision drip irrigation control system based on wet body characteristics
Authors: Xie Jiaxing , Fu Xianbing , Yu Zhenbang , Chen Wen , Gao Peng , Sun Daozong , Wang Weixing , Xue Xiuyun , Li Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study examined the characteristics of soil moisture movement and wetted body water distribution under drip irrigation conditions. The findings provided a crucial foundation for designing a precision drip irrigation control system for greenhouse tomatoes, enhancing control accuracy and conserving water. An indoor point source infiltration test was conducted to assess the impact of varying dripper flow rates and initial water content on soil moisture movement and wet body alterations. A mathematical model of wet front movement was established, and agricultural Internet of Things technology was utilized to design a precision drip irrigation control system for greenhouse tomatoes. This was then compared with a traditional drip irrigation control system. The results indicated that when wetted bodies reach the same wet depth, both irrigation time and total water consumption were influenced by flow rate and initial water content. Increasing the initial water content could effectively reduce both irrigation time and total water consumption. The Horizontal wetted front X value and the vertical wetted front Z value during the drip irrigation process exhibited a strong power function relationship with time, with R² exceeding 0.98. As irrigation time increases, the width-depth ratio of the wet body gradually transitioned from large to small, and increasing the initial water content aided in soil moisture vertical infiltration. After redistribution, the average water content in the wet body ranged between 68%𝜃𝐹𝐶 and 75%𝜃𝐹𝐶 , and the water uniformity coefficient exceeded 90%, aligning with normal growth conditions for tomatoes. The actual wet volume surpassed the planned wetted volume, and when the same initial water content was used, smaller total water consumption corresponded to smaller overflow volume. The target wetting depth is established based on the depth of tomato root distribution. When compared to the conventional drip irrigation control system, the precision drip irrigation control system developed in this study exhibited superior accuracy in wetting depth control and a more effective water-saving effect. The error in wetting depth during the flowering and fruit setting periods, as well as the fruiting period of the tomato, was reduced by 8.2% and 15.8% respectively, resulting in water savings of 16.2% and 22.6%.
Cascading impacts of food loss and waste on biodiversity through agricultural land use
Authors: Xin Liangjie , Xiao Guoan , Liu Xiaoyu , Deng Jiexin , Wang Xue , Li Xiubin , Tan Minghong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Food loss and waste (FLW) drives additional agricultural production and cropland expansion to meet food demand, leading to habitat loss and posing a threat to biodiversity worldwide. In this study, we traced how FLW influences agricultural land use and biodiversity through global food trade and quantified the resource-saving benefits of various FLW reduction scenarios. In 2018, approximately 2,246.3 Mt of FLW was generated, accounting for a land footprint of 800.3 Mha and leading to the equivalent of 13,920 species*year of potential global species extinction. Fast-growing economies such as China, Brazil, and Iran dominated the growth of FLW between 2000 and 2018. Of global FLW, 54.1% was generated by the top 10 countries with the highest FLW. Halving FLW in just these 10 countries or 40 biodiversity hotspots is expected to reduce FLW-related biodiversity losses by 31.1–35.1%, which is more beneficial than halving FLW in all remaining countries. The results reveal a strong yet under-discussed synergy between FLW reduction and biodiversity conservation via land transformation, highlighting where FLW intervention should be prioritized. While it is widely acknowledged that limiting cropland expansion is crucial for biodiversity conservation, we advocate for integrating FLW reduction efforts into the implementation strategy of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
Optical Neural Engine for Solving Scientific Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Gao Weilu , Tang Yingheng , Chen Ruiyang , Lou Minhan , Fan Jichao , Yu Cunxi , Nonaka Andy , Yao Zhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is the cornerstone of scientific research and development. Data-driven machine learning (ML) approaches are emerging to accelerate time-consuming and computation-intensive numerical simulations of PDEs. Although optical systems offer high-throughput and energy-efficient ML hardware, there is no demonstration of utilizing them for solving PDEs. Here, we present an optical neural engine (ONE) architecture combining diffractive optical neural networks for Fourier space processing and optical crossbar structures for real space processing to solve time-dependent and time-independent PDEs in diverse disciplines, including Darcy flow equation, the magnetostatic Poisson equation in demagnetization, the Navier-Stokes equation in incompressible fluid, Maxwell's equations in nanophotonic metasurfaces, and coupled PDEs in a multiphysics system. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate the capability of the ONE architecture, which not only leverages the advantages of high-performance dual-space processing for outperforming traditional PDE solvers and being comparable with state-of-the-art ML models but also can be implemented using optical computing hardware with unique features of low-energy and highly parallel constant-time processing irrespective of model scales and real-time reconfigurability for tackling multiple tasks with the same architecture. The demonstrated architecture offers a versatile and powerful platform for large-scale scientific and engineering computations.
m-Benzisubporphyrins: The First Subcarbaporphyrin and Its BIII Complex with An Unprecedented Planar Tridentate 14 π-Aromatic Network
Authors: Song Jianxin , Liu Le , Song Shuangji , Lee Jiyeon , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Oh Juwon , Kim Jiwon , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

m-Benzisubporphyrins were synthesized as the first example of subcarbaporphyrin s by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of α,α’-diboryl-m-benzitripyrrane with 9,10-bis(1,1-dibromomethylenyl)anthracene. Reaction of m-benzisubporphyrin with PhBCl2 and triethylamine gave its B-phenyl complex as a tetradentate nonaromatic BIII complex. In contrast, the reaction with BBr3 and triethylamine furnished a neutral BIII porphyrinoid with a planar and triangular coordination as the first example, in which the m-phenylene unit was partially reduced, allowing for the global 14π-aromatic circuit. This aromatic BIII complex is stable and inert towards nucleophiles such as pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and fluoride anion but undergoes an oxygen-insertion reaction upon refluxing in the air. In addition, this BIII complex displays structured vibronic Q-bands, slow S1-state decay, and fluorescence (ΦF = 0.30 and τF = 9.7 ns), in line with its aromatic nature, while the nonaromatic BIII complexes show ill-defined absorption spectra and very fast S1-state decays.
Expected Effects of Transforming Agricultural Pest Management across Global Scales
Authors: Möhring Niklas , Ba Malick N. , Braga Anna , Gaba Sabrina , Gagic Vesna , Kudsk Per , Larsen Ashley , Mesnage Robin , Niggli Urs , Qaim Matin , Schreinemachers Pepijn , Stamm Christian , de Vries Wim , Finger Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Ambitious policy goals to reduce pesticide use and risk and transform agricultural pest management have been set on global and regional levels. However, global estimates on the effects of such a transformation, and their heterogeneity across important regions and production systems, are currently missing. We here provide the first global assessment of the expected effects of a transformation of agricultural pest management - based on survey evidence from 517 experts from key disciplines and regions worldwide. We compare heterogeneity and assess drivers of expected effects across five different domains (economic, human health, food security, social, environmental) and the main agricultural production regions worldwide. Our study thus allows us to discern global differences and to identify leverage points for (i) advancing pesticide policies and (ii) focusing future research efforts - an important step in a field that is often limited by data scarcity. Results show that a global transformation to sustainable pest management could be an important nexus for simultaneously tackling multiple sustainability challenges. We find lower benefits and more trade-offs of a transformation for the economic and food security domains, especially in intensive production systems in Europe and North America. We generally find higher expected benefits for the environmental and human health domains, and for low-income regions. Controlling for important production system- and participant characteristics, our results suggest a different pathway for the intensification of pest management systems, especially in regions where pesticide use is currently still low. Finally, results indicate that advancing on sustainable pest management will require combinations of actions: delivering alternative pest management solutions, supporting the implementation of alternatives on the ground, and providing adequate political boundary conditions to make these solutions economically viable.
Belief in the Social Contract is a Determinant of Public Policy Support
Authors: Mead Nicole L. , Williams Lawrence E. , Naeimi Hanieh , Tian Yunqian (Fiona) 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Public support is necessary for implementing public policies that aim to solve societal challenges such as climate change, unprecedented levels of waste, and the retirement savings gap. However, interventions designed to increase public support seldom work. For this reason, identifying individual differences that determine people’s support for public policies is an important task. Here, we propose that belief in the social contract helps to bridge that gap. Using data from 4,221 respondents from 5 countries across 4 continents (Australia, Canada, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States) we develop a validated measure of people’s belief in the social contract. Using data from 1,555 respondents from those same 5 countries, we find that belief in the social contract predicts support for carbon tax (Studies 1-2), an array of system-level climate policies (Study 2), and public policies spanning 5 issues regardless of policy cost (Study 3). This positive association was unique, predicting support over and above previously identified factors of political ideology, demographics, trust, and social justice orientation. By validating a novel measure of belief in the social contract and showing its predictive value, we offer a new tool for targeting those who are favorably inclined toward costly policies.