bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species-Specific Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Involved in Nitric Oxide Production and Arginine Metabolism in Macrophages
Authors: Young Rachel , Bush Stephen J , Lefevre Lucas , McCulloch Mary E B , Lisowski Zofia M , Muriuki Charity , Waddell Lindsey A , Sauter Kristin A , Pridans Clare , Clark Emily L , Hume David A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Activated mouse macrophages metabolize arginine via NO synthase (NOS2) to produce NO as an antimicrobial effector. Published gene expression datasets provide little support for the activation of this pathway in human macrophages. Generation of NO requires the coordinated regulation of multiple genes. We have generated RNA-sequencing data from bone marrow–derived macrophages from representative rodent (rat), monogastric (pig and horse), and ruminant (sheep, goat, cattle, and water buffalo) species, and analyzed the expression of genes involved in arginine metabolism in response to stimulation with LPS. In rats, as in mice, LPS strongly induced Nos2, the arginine transporter Slc7a2, arginase 1 (Arg1), GTP cyclohydrolase (Gch1), and argininosuccinate synthase (Ass1). None of these responses was conserved across species. Only cattle and water buffalo showed substantial NOS2 induction. The species studied also differed in expression and regulation of arginase (ARG2, rather than ARG1), and amino acid transporters. Variation between species was associated with rapid promoter evolution. Differential induction of NOS2 and ARG2 between the ruminant species was associated with insertions of the Bov-A2 retrotransposon in the promoter region. Bov-A2 was shown to possess LPS-inducible enhancer activity in transfected RAW264.7 macrophages. Consistent with a function in innate immunity, NO production and arginine metabolism vary greatly between species and differences may contribute to pathogen host restriction.
Gene Expression Signatures Characterized by Longitudinal Stability and Interindividual Variability Delineate Baseline Phenotypic Groups with Distinct Responses to Immune Stimulation
Authors: Scheid Adam D. , Van Keulen Virginia P. , Felts Sara J. , Neier Steven C. , Middha Sumit , Nair Asha A. , Techentin Robert W. , Gilbert Barry K. , Jen Jin , Neuhauser Claudia , Zhang Yuji , Pease Larry R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman immunity exhibits remarkable heterogeneity among individuals, which engenders variable responses to immune perturbations in human populations. Population studies reveal that, in addition to interindividual heterogeneity, systemic immune signatures display longitudinal stability within individuals, and these signatures may reliably dictate how given individuals respond to immune perturbations. We hypothesize that analyzing relationships among these signatures at the population level may uncover baseline immune phenotypes that correspond with response outcomes to immune stimuli. To test this, we quantified global gene expression in peripheral blood CD4+ cells from healthy individuals at baseline and following CD3/CD28 stimulation at two time points 1 mo apart. Systemic CD4+ cell baseline and poststimulation molecular immune response signatures (MIRS) were defined by identifying genes expressed at levels that were stable between time points within individuals and differential among individuals in each state. Iterative differential gene expression analyses between all possible phenotypic groupings of at least three individuals using the baseline and stimulated MIRS gene sets revealed shared baseline and response phenotypic groupings, indicating the baseline MIRS contained determinants of immune responsiveness. Furthermore, significant numbers of shared phenotype-defining sets of determinants were identified in baseline data across independent healthy cohorts. Combining the cohorts and repeating the analyses resulted in identification of over 6000 baseline immune phenotypic groups, implying that the MIRS concept may be useful in many immune perturbation contexts. These findings demonstrate that patterns in complex gene expression variability can be used to define immune phenotypes and discover determinants of immune responsiveness.
MLS measurements of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide during the 2015–2016 El Niño event
Authors: Pumphrey Hugh C. , Glatthor Norbert , Bernath Peter F. , Boone Christopher D. , Hannigan James W. , Ortega Ivan , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Read William G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. It is known from ground-based measurements made during the 1982–1983
and 1997–1998 El Niño events that atmospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN) tends to be higher
during such years than at other times. The Microwave Limb Sounder
(MLS) on the Aura satellite has been measuring HCN mixing ratios since launch in
2004; the measurements are ongoing at the time of writing. The
winter of 2015–2016 saw the largest El Niño event since
1997–1998. We present MLS measurements of HCN in the lower
stratosphere for the Aura mission to date, comparing the 2015–2016 El
Niño period to the rest of the mission. HCN in 2015–2016 is higher
than at any other time during the mission, but ground-based
measurements suggest that it may have been even more elevated in
1997–1998. As the MLS HCN data are essentially unvalidated, we show
them alongside data from the MIPAS and ACE-FTS instruments; the
three instruments agree reasonably well in the tropical lower
stratosphere. Global HCN emissions calculated from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED v4.1)
database are much greater during large El Niño events and are
greater in 1997–1998 than in 2015–2016, thereby showing good qualitative
agreement with the measurements. Correlation between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices,
measured HCN, and GFED HCN emissions is less clear if the 2015–2016
event is excluded. In particular, the 2009–2010 winter had fairly
strong El Niño conditions and fairly large GFED HCN emissions, but
very little effect is observed in the MLS HCN.
Průběh gravidity v korelaci s předgravidním BMI
Authors: Erbenová Pavla , Horáčková Petra 
Published: January 2018

The aim of the pilot research is to evaluate BMI of selected gravid probands. The researchers examined some correlations between pre-pregnant BMI and some other factors before, at the beginnings, and at the end of gravidity. The investigation used the standardized questionnaire of IPAQ supported with some demographic issues aimed to anthropological parameters and a life-style of the probands. The data was gathered in January 2014 at Jihlava Hospital Emergency Gynaecology Assessment Unit. 37 probands were included. The results display that during the period of gravidity no statistically significant changes in pre-pregnant BMI were found.
Wave Phenomena and Beam‐Plasma Interactions at the Magnetopause Reconnection Region
Authors: Burch J. L. , Webster J. M. , Genestreti K. J. , Torbert R. B. , Giles B. L. , Fuselier S. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Rager A. C. , Phan T. D. , Allen R. C. , Chen L.‐J. , Wang S. , Le Contel O. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Ergun R. E. , Jaynes A. N. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Graham D. B. , Wilder F. D. , Hwang K.‐J. , Goldstein J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of whistler mode chorus and higher‐frequency electrostatic waves near and within a reconnection diffusion region on 23 November 2016. The diffusion region is bounded by crescent‐shaped electron distributions and associated dissipation just upstream of the X‐line and by magnetic field‐aligned currents and electric fields leading to dissipation near the electron stagnation point. Measurements were made southward of the X‐line as determined by southward directed ion and electron jets. We show that electrostatic wave generation is due to magnetosheath electron beams formed by the electron jets as they interact with a cold background plasma and more energetic population of magnetospheric electrons. On the magnetosphere side of the X‐line the electron beams are accompanied by a strong perpendicular electron temperature anisotropy, which is shown to be the source of an observed rising‐tone whistler mode chorus event. We show that the apex of the chorus event and the onset of electrostatic waves coincide with the opening of magnetic field lines at the electron stagnation point.
Modeling the Wake of the Marquesas Archipelago
Authors: Raapoto H. , Martinez E. , Petrenko A. , Doglioli A. M. , Maes C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, a high‐resolution (∼2.5 km) numerical model was set up to investigate the fine‐scale activity within the region of the Marquesas archipelago. This has never been performed before. The robustness of the model results is assessed by comparison with remote sensing and in situ observations. Our results highlight regions of warm waters leeward of the different islands with high eddy kinetic energy (EKE) on their sides. The analysis of energy conversion terms reveals contributions to EKE variability by wind, baroclinic, and barotropic instabilities. The use of a geometry‐based eddy detection algorithm reveals the generation of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in the wake of the largest islands, with both an inshore and offshore effect. Maximum eddy activity occurs in austral winter following the seasonality of both wind stress and EKE intensity. Most eddies have a radius between 20 and 30 km and are generally cyclonic rather than anticyclonic. Significant vertical velocities are observed in the proximity of the islands, associated with topographically induced flow separation. Eddy trapping inshore waters are advected offshore in the wake of the islands. The overall influence of these fine‐scale dynamics could explain the strong biological enhancement of the archipelago.
Bioderived DNA Nanomachines for Potential Uses in Biosensing, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Angell Chava , Kai Mingxuan , Xie Sibai , Dong Xiangyi , Chen Yi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBeside its genomic properties, DNA is also recognized as a novel material in the field of nanoengineering. The specific bonding of base pairs can be used to direct the assembly of highly structured materials with specific nanoscale features such as periodic 2D arrays, 3D nanostructures, assembly of nanomaterials, and DNA nanomachines. In recent years, a variety of DNA nanomachines are developed because of their many potential applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. In this review, the fuel‐powered motors and secondary structure motors, whose working mechanisms are inspired or derived from natural phenomena and nanomachines, are discussed. The combination of DNA motors with other platforms is then discussed. In each section of these motors, their mechanisms and their usage in the biomedical field are described. Finally, it is believed that these DNA‐based nanomachines and hybrid motifs will become an integral point‐of‐care diagnostics and smart, site‐specific therapeutic delivery.
Reversible Thermal‐Induced Fluorescence Color Change of Tetraphenylethylene‐Labeled Nylon‐6
Authors: Xu Jiaru , Ji Wenxi , Li Chao , Lv Yufeng , Qiu Zijie , Gao Longcheng , Chen Erqiang , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Benzhong , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNylon is the first synthetic fiber material and is widely used throughout the world. However, traditional nylons show limited optical applications as they emit no or weak fluorescence. Herein, a fluorescent nylon‐6 is synthesized by utilizing tetraphenylethylene (TPE) carrying two amino groups as coinitiator. The resulting TPE‐labeled nylon‐6 exhibits reversible thermal‐induced fluorescence color change. This unique property arises from the synergistic effect of its chemical structure and conformation. The thermal expansion of the polymer at high temperature induces the phenyl rings of TPE to rotate in a greater extent, which decreases the conjugation of TPE to lead to a blueshift in its fluorescence. The novel fluorescence property of TPE‐labeled nylon‐6 enables it to find applications in fields like chemosensor and security label.
Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Yong , Lu Yanying , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems due to the wide availability and low cost of raw sodium resources. However, the heavier mass and larger radius of Na+ inevitably result in lower electrochemical kinetics and larger volume expansion of active materials than that of lighter and smaller Li+. To solve these problems, rational electrode design by integrating nanomaterials with graphene is an effective approach. In this review, the authors mainly focus on recent progress of graphene‐based nanomaterials for SIBs, including their design principle, preparation, characterization, and electrochemical performance. The important roles of graphene in graphene‐based inorganic and organic electrode materials are discussed in depth. In such composites, graphene can effectively enhance the electrical conductivity and mitigate volume change due to the robust and highly conductive networks formed by graphene. Moreover, the nanosized materials can enhance the reaction kinetics. Future research should focus on revealing the interaction mechanism between graphene and active materials, and improving the whole energy/power density, cycling stability, and the initial Coulombic efficiency of graphene‐based nanomaterials via elaborate design.
Recent Developments and Perspectives in the Asymmetric Mannich Reaction
Authors: Saranya Salim , Harry Nissy Ann , Krishnan K. Keerthi , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe asymmetric Mannich reaction is a very important method for C−C bond formation, and it is the classical method for the preparation of β‐amino ketones and aldehydes. The resulting β‐amino carbonyl compounds are widely found in nature, which attests to the importance of this reaction. This Focus Review provides an overview of asymmetric Mannich reactions, the various catalysts that have been used, and its applications, for papers published since 2013.
A phase 3 trial of mometasone furoate sinus implants for chronic sinusitis with recurrent nasal polyps
Authors: Kern Robert C. , Stolovitzky J. Pablo , Silvers Stacey L. , Singh Ameet , Lee Jivianne T. , Yen David M. , Iloreta Alfred M.C. , Langford Francis P.J. , Karanfilov Boris , Matheny Keith E. , Stambaugh James W. , Gawlicka Anna K. ,   for the RESOLVE II study investigators
Published: January 2018

BackgroundTopical intranasal corticosteroid sprays (INCSs) are standard treatment for nasal polyps (NPs), but their efficacy is reduced by poor patient compliance and impaired access of drug to the sinus mucosa. A corticosteroid‐eluting sinus implant was designed to address these limitations in patients with recurrent polyposis after sinus surgery by delivering 1350 μg of mometasone furoate (MF) directly to the ethmoid sinus mucosa over approximately 90 days.MethodsA randomized, sham‐controlled, double‐blind trial was undertaken in 300 adults with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with NPs (CRSwNP), who were candidates for repeat surgery. Eligible patients were randomized (2:1) and underwent in‐office bilateral placement of 2 implants or a sham procedure. All patients used the MF INCS 200 μg once daily. Co‐primary efficacy endpoints were the change from baseline in nasal obstruction/congestion score and bilateral polyp grade, as determined by an independent panel based on centralized, blinded videoendoscopy review.ResultsPatients treated with implants experienced significant reductions in both nasal obstruction/congestion score (p = 0.0074) and bilateral polyp grade (p = 0.0073) compared to controls. At day 90, implants were also associated with significant reductions in 4 of 5 prespecified secondary endpoints compared to control: proportion of patients still indicated for repeat sinus surgery (p = 0.0004), percent ethmoid sinus obstruction (p = 0.0007), nasal obstruction/congestion (p = 0.0248), and decreased sense of smell (p = 0.0470), but not facial pain/pressure (p = 0.9130). One patient experienced an implant‐related serious adverse event (epistaxis).ConclusionSignificant improvements over a range of subjective and objective endpoints, including a reduction in the need for sinus surgery by 61%, suggest that MF sinus implants may play an important role in management of recurrent NP.
Resveratrol Suppresses Rotenone‐induced Neurotoxicity Through Activation of SIRT1/Akt1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Hui , Dong Xiaoguang , Liu Zengxun , Zhu Shaowei , Liu Haili , Fan Wenchuang , Hu Yanlai , Hu Tao , Yu Yonghui , Li Yizhao , Liu Tianwei , Xie Chengjia , Gao Qing , Li Guibao , Zhang Jing , Ding Zhaoxi , Sun Jinhao 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTRotenone is a common pesticide and has been reported as one of the risk factors for Parkinson disease. Rotenone can cause neuronal death or apoptosis through inducing oxidative injury and inhibiting mitochondrial function. As a natural polyphenolic compound, resveratrol possesses the antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effect. However, the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. Here, we treated PC12 cells with rotenone to induce neurotoxicity, and the neurotoxic cells were subjected to resveratrol treatment. The CCK8 and LDH activity assays demonstrated that resveratrol could suppress neurotoxicity induced by rotenone (P < 0.01). The DCFH‐DA assay indicated that resveratrol reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). JC‐1 and Hoechst 33342/PI staining revealed that resveratrol attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. Moreover, resveratrol reversed rotenone‐induced decrease in SIRT1 expression and Akt1 phosphorylation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, when the SIRT1 and Akt1 activity was inhibited by niacinamide and LY294002, respectively, the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol was remarkably attenuated, which implied that SIRT1 and Akt1 could mediate this process and may be potential molecular targets for intervening rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. In summary, our study demonstrated that resveratrol reduced rotenone‐induced oxidative damage, which was partly mediated through activation of the SIRT1/Akt1 signaling pathway. Our study launched a promising avenue for the potential application of resveratrol as a neuroprotective therapeutic agent in Parkinson disease. Anat Rec, 301:1115–1125, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amorphous Materials for Enhanced Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances
Authors: Zhu Chuanhui , Xu Qun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe discovery of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in semiconductor nanocrystals has initiated a new field in plasmonics. Plasmonic nanocrystals in particular have seen rapid development in recent years because they are a class of materials with unique photoelectronic properties. At present, a growing number of amorphous plasmonic materials has been steadily capturing scientific interest, though only a few of these are well characterized. Here we focus on recent developments in state‐of‐the art experiments and explore the vast library of plasmonic properties in amorphous materials, including their application fields and optical spectral range. Taken together, the growing regime of amorphous material plasmonics offers enticing avenues for harnessing light–matter interactions from the visible to the terahertz region, with new potential for optical manipulation beyond what can be accomplished using traditional crystal materials.
Experimental Investigation of Passive Fault Tolerant Control for Induction Machine Using Sliding Mode Approach
Authors: Guezmil Amal , Berriri Hanen , Pusca Remus , Sakly Anis , Romary Raphael , Mimouni Mohamed Faouzi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a passive fault tolerant control approach dedicated to stator inter‐turn short‐circuit fault of an induction machine. This control is based on sliding mode strategy and is implemented for validation on real‐time data acquisition and control platform. The proposed work highlights the integral sliding mode controller benefits during healthy and faulty operations. It can make the induction machine outputs to track their desired reference signals in finite‐time and allows to obtain a better dynamic response performances even in presence of fault. Moreover to avoid the use of a flux sensor, a second order sliding mode observer is used to estimate the rotor flux. Since the used observer converges in finite time, the closed‐loop stability of the proposed system (controller+observer) is proved using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Experimental results are conducted for squirrel cage induction machine to highlight the efficiency and applicability of the proposed fault tolerant control.
Chronic exposure to high doses of selenium in the first trimester of pregnancy: Case report and brief literature review
Authors: D'Oria Luisa , Apicella Massimo , De Luca Carmen , Licameli Angelo , Neri Caterina , Pellegrino Marcella , Simeone Daniela , De Santis Marco 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundObstetricians usually prescribe supplements during pregnancy without actual indication. The use of selenium during pregnancy has increased, due to its function in several antioxidant mechanisms.CaseA pregnant woman received 200,000 micrograms (μg) per day of a selenium galenic formulation, since gestational week (g.w.) 7 to 12, due to a prescription error. The patient experienced nausea, vomiting, hand and foot paresthesia, followed by fatigue, loss of fingernails and hair. The woman was referred to our Fetal and Maternal Medicine Unit for surveillance. The mother's blood selenium levels went back to normal 13 weeks after arrest and the baby was born at term, without complications. Clinical evaluation and imaging studies were normal at one month of age.ConclusionThis is the first case of severe chronic selenium intoxication during the first trimester of pregnancy. In the present case, no consequences of congenital defects or pregnancy complications occurred. However, since vitamins, minerals, and food supplements may be harmful and prescription errors occur, obstetricians should avoid prescribing supplements in the absence of maternal deficiency.
Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a koji brewer
Authors: Ishiguro Takashi , Kawai Shoko , Kojima Ayako , Shimizu Yoshihiko , Kamei Katsuhiko , Takayanagi Noboru 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageKoji is a fermenting agent used in many traditional Japanese foods, and Aspergillus oryzae is the most frequently used microorganism in koji production. Few cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to A. oryzae have been reported. However, physicians should recognize the disease because of the increasing globalization of food production.