bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-specificity of the future of performance
Authors: Wakefield Nik 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The future of performance consists of the complexity of an unknown guaranteed rather than the simplicity of a success or failure. This article offers a critique of failure in contemporary performance theory through the philosopher Henri Bergson’s writings on disorder and the art practice of Janez Janša. When the future is considered as an unknown guaranteed, it becomes possible to invent life in the same way that art is created.
As little as possible for as little as possible
Authors: Hvala Tea 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the contemporary art festival City of Women, which was dedicated to survival tactics, I discuss the conditions under which it came about and the conditions under which artists or self-employed individuals in the field of culture must work in this time of cuts to public funding of the arts in Slovenia. In the context of selected performances from this year’s City of Women programme, I ask how it is possible to create antagonistic art within the capitalist means of production without the artist and producer burning themselves out in the process and, with the insights of Silvia Federici, how it is possible to separate oneself from the market and from the country without reducing oneself to poverty.
Telecentric line scanning system based on a ring surface mirror for inline processes
Authors: Loosen Florian , Lindlein Norbert , Donner Klaus 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In many industrial applications, an inline measurement of a production process poses a difficult challenge for any optical system. Therefore, telecentric optical systems are being used to ensure an independence of the magnification of the object from the working distance. Usually, telecentric optical systems are impractical for inline applications with large objects due to the size of the telecentric optical system, which has to be larger than the object. Therefore, a new approach of telecentric line scanning systems was developed to gain access to this advantage.
ELF-EMF exposure decreases the peroxidase catalytic efficiency in vitro
Authors: Caliga Răzvan , Lucian Maniu Călin , Mihăşan Marius 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe activity of purified Fe3+ containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was recorded while the enzyme was exposed to two low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) with different frequencies: 50 Hz/2.7 mT and 100 Hz/5.5 mT. No statistically significant difference in the Michaelis constant (Km) values between the control enzyme and the enzyme exposed to any of the two ELF-EMF used could be detected (53 ± 11 μM vs 67 ± 10 μM vs 42 ± 11 μM respectively), indicating that upon short exposure times, there are no large structural alterations of the enzyme that affect the substrate affinity. A 50 Hz/2.7 mT EMF did however, cause a significant decrease in the maximum rate (Vmax) value (from 3.31 ± 0.17 μmoles/min to 1.6 ± 0.19 μmoles/min, p<0.03) and a drop of the catalytic efficiency to less than half (from 0.66 ± 0.03 s-1 to 0.32 ± 0.04 s-1, p<0.05). These observations are the first experimental proofs that support the previously postulated mechanism of coupling between ELF-EMF and living systems based on a resonant frequency specific for a given ion molecule.
Geometric Modeling Based on Class and Shape Function Transformation Technique for Hypersonic Vehicles
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Hua Bing , Xiao Dibo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the geometric modeling methods based on the class and shape function transformation (CST) technique for the hypersonic vehicle. First, the typical waverider configuration is considered to be the basic shape for the hypersonic vehicle, and then the CST method is applied to describe and build the improved geometric shape. On this basis, the aerodynamic forces and thrust are estimated according to the shock wave and Rayleigh flow theory. Furthermore, the model dynamic features using the CST method are analyzed in comparison to the basic shape. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of this method for the hypersonic vehicle.
Linguistic exogamy and language shift in the northwest Amazon
Authors: Fleming Luke 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sociocultural complex of the northwest Amazon is remarkable for its system of linguistic exogamy in which individuals marry outside their language groups. This article illustrates how linguistic exogamy crucially relies upon the alignment of descent and post-marital residence. Native ideologies apprehend languages as the inalienable possessions of patrilineally reckoned descent groups. At the same time, post-marital residence is traditionally patrilocal. This alignment between descent and post-marital residence means that the language which children are normatively expected to produce – the language of their patrilineal descent group – is also the language most widely spoken in the local community, easing acquisition of the target language. Indigenous migration to Catholic mission centers in the twentieth century and ongoing migration to urban areas along the Rio Negro in Brazil are reconfiguring the relationship between multilingualism and marriage. With out-migration from patrilineally-based villages, descent and post-marital residence are no longer aligned. Multilingualism is being rapidly eroded, with language shift from minority Eastern Tukanoan languages to Tukano being widespread. Continued practice of descent group exogamy even under such conditions of widespread language shift reflects how the semiotic relationship between language and descent group membership is conceptualized within the system of linguistic exogamy.
A "HURST COEFFICIENT" ESTIMATION WITH WAVELETS: APPLICATION TO THE ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: FOUQUAU JULIEN , SPIESER PHILIPPE 
Published: May 2016

The energy financial products prices could be affected by herding behavior, speculation and also by supply and demand of the physical assets. This situation is likely to generate economic cycles and a rejection of the efficiency market hypothesis. Then, the aim of this paper is to check the presence of memory in the energy Futures prices. We calculate a useful parameter the "Hurst coefficient", by using a specific tool coming from the signal theory, the wavelet decomposition. Our findings with rolling regressions are that most markets, since the beginning of 90ties, are in a process of maturity and show less and less memory of any type (short or long). Electricity displays long memory, whereas the crude oil markets present some short memory.
The Extent and Distribution of Gambling-Related Harms and the Prevention Paradox in a British Population Survey
Authors: Canale Natale , Vieno Alessio , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
To examine whether the “prevention paradox” applies to British individuals in relation to gambling-related harm.

Methods
Data were derived from 7,756 individuals participating in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010, a comprehensive interview-based survey conducted in Great Britain between November 2009 and May 2010. Gambling-related harm was assessed using an adapted version of the DSM-IV Pathological Gambling criteria. The previous year’s prevalence of problem gamblers was examined using the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Gambling involvement was measured by gambling frequency and gambling participation (gambling volume as expressed by time and money spent gambling).

Results
The prevalence rates for past-year gambling harms were dependence harm (16.4%), social harm (2.2%), and chasing losses (7.9%). Gambling-related harms were distributed across low- to moderate-risk gamblers (and not limited to just problem gamblers) and were reported by the majority of gamblers who were non-high time and spend regular gamblers than high time and spend regular gamblers.

Conclusions
The prevention paradox is a promising way of examining gambling-related harm. This suggests that prevention of gambling might need to consider the population approach to minimizing gambling harm.
Kodiak brown bears surf the salmon red wave: direct evidence from GPS collared individuals
Authors: Deacy William , Leacock William , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Stanford Jack A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For example, salmon populations spawn asynchronously across watersheds, causing high‐quality foraging opportunities to propagate across the landscape, prolonging the availability of salmon at the regional scale. However, we know little about how individual consumers integrate across phenological variation or the benefits they receive by doing so. Here, we present direct evidence that individual brown bears track spatial variation in salmon phenology. Data from 40 GPS collared brown bears show that bears visited multiple spawning sites in synchrony with the order of spawning phenology. The number of sites used was correlated with the number of days a bear exploited salmon, suggesting the phenological variation in the study area influenced bear access to salmon, a resource which strongly influences bear fitness. Fisheries managers attempting to maximize harvest while maintaining ecosystem function should strive to protect the population diversity that underlies the phenological variation used by wildlife consumers.
Terrestrial‐aquatic linkage in stream food webs along a forest chronosequence: multi‐isotopic evidence
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. , Togashi Hiroyuki , Kato Yoshikazu , Yoshimura Mayumi , Kohmatsu Yukihiro , Yoshimizu Chikage , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohte Nobuhito , Tokuchi Naoko , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLong‐term monitoring of ecosystem succession provides baseline data for conservation and management, as well as for understanding the dynamics of underlying biogeochemical processes. We examined the effects of deforestation and subsequent afforestation of a riparian forest of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) on stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and natural abundances of radiocarbon (Δ14C) in stream biota in the Mt. Gomadan Experimental Forest and the Wakayama Forest Research Station, Kyoto University, central Japan. Macroinvertebrates, periphytic algae attached to rock surfaces (periphyton), and leaf litter of terrestrial plants were collected from six headwater streams with similar climate, topography, and bedrock geology, except for the stand ages of riparian forests (from 3 to 49 yr old in five stands and >90 yr old in one reference stand). Light intensity and δ13C values of both periphyton and macroinvertebrates decreased synchronously with forest age in winter. A Bayesian mixing model indicates that periphyton contributions to the stream food webs are maximized in 23‐yr‐old forests. Except for grazers, most macroinvertebrates showed Δ14C values similar to those of terrestrial leaf litter, reflecting the influence of modern atmospheric CO2 Δ14C values. On the other hand, the Δ14C values of both periphyton and grazers (i.e., aquatic primary consumers) were significantly lower than that of modern atmospheric CO2, and were lowest in 23‐yr ‐old forest stands. Previous studies show that root biomass of C. japonica peaks at 15–30 yr after planting. These evidences suggest that soil CO2 released by root respiration and dispersed by groundwater weathers carbonate substrata, and that dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with low Δ14C is incorporated into stream periphyton and some macroinvertebrates. The ecological response in the studied streams to clear‐cutting and replanting of Japanese cedar is much slower (~20 yr) than the chemical response (<5 yr). More than 50 yr is required for the food web structure to completely recover from clear‐cutting. The ecological delay is attributed to several biogeochemical factors, the understanding of which is critical to integrated management of forest–stream continuum and the prediction of ecosystem resilience in response to environmental change.
Small‐scale heterogeneity of microbial N uptake in streams and its implications at the ecosystem level
Authors: Peipoch Marc , Gacia Esperança , Bastias Elliot , Serra Alexandra , Proia Lorenzo , Ribot Miquel , Merbt Stephanie N. , Martí Eugènia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLarge‐scale factors associated with the environmental context of streams can explain a notable amount of variability in patterns of stream N cycling at the reach scale. However, when environmental factors fail to accurately predict stream responses at the reach level, focusing on emergent properties from small‐scale heterogeneity in N cycling rates may help understand observed patterns in stream N cycling. To address how small‐scale heterogeneity may contribute to shape patterns in whole‐reach N uptake, we examined the drivers and variation in microbial N uptake at small spatial scales in two stream reaches with different environmental constraints (i.e., riparian canopy). Our experimental design was based on two 15N additions combined with a hierarchical sampling design from reach to microhabitat scales. Regardless of the degree of canopy cover, small‐scale heterogeneity of microbial N uptake ranged by three orders of magnitude, and was characterized by a low abundance of highly active microhabitats (i.e., hot spots). The presence of those hot spots of N uptake resulted in a nonlinear spatial distribution of microbial N uptake rates within the streambed, especially in the case of epilithon assemblages. Small‐scale heterogeneity in N uptake and turnover rates at the microhabitat scale was primarily driven by power relationships between N cycling rates and stream water velocity. Overall, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) assemblages responded clearly to changes in the degree of canopy cover, overwhelming small‐scale heterogeneity in its N uptake rates, and suggesting that FBOM contribution to whole‐reach N uptake was principally imposed by environmental constraints from larger scales. In contrast, N uptake rates by epilithon showed no significant response to different environmental influences, but identical local drivers and spatial variation in each study reach. Therefore, contribution of epilithon assemblages to whole‐reach N uptake was mainly associated with emerging properties from small‐scale heterogeneity at lower spatial scales.
Cascading effects of early‐season herbivory on late‐season herbivores and their parasitoids
Authors: Hernandez‐Cumplido Johnattan , Glauser Gaetan , Benrey Betty 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere is an increasing awareness that herbivory by one insect species induces changes in a plant that affect the performance of other herbivore species that feed on the same plant. However, previous studies of interspecies interactions mediated by plant defense responses have rarely taken into account different insect guilds or the third trophic level. Using a combination of field and laboratory experiments, we examined how early‐season herbivory in lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus) by the leaf‐chewing herbivore Cerotoma ruficornis and the bean pod weevil Apion godmani affects the abundance and performance of the seed beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus and that of its parasitoid Stenocorse bruchivora, which occurs on the plants at the end of the growing season. In addition, we determined the consequences of early‐season herbivore‐induced defenses on plant performance. We hypothesized that early‐season induction would affect plant reproduction and, hence, would alter the suitability of seeds for late‐season seed‐eating beetles, and that this would in turn alter the vulnerability of these seed beetles to parasitoids. We found strong support for these hypotheses. In the field, early‐season herbivory negatively affected plant reproduction and seeds of these plants suffered lower levels of infestation by seed‐eating beetles, which in turn suffered less parasitism. Laboratory assays with field‐collected seeds confirmed that the performance of beetles and parasitoids was lower on seeds from plants that had been subjected to early‐season herbivory. Further analyses revealed that seeds produced by control plants were larger, heavier, and had a higher concentration of cyanogenic glycosides and total protein content than seeds from plants subjected to herbivory. Our results provide insight into how direct and indirect interactions between and within different trophic levels affect the dynamics and structure of complex communities.
Resource‐dependent antagonistic coevolution leads to a new paradox of enrichment
Authors: Zhang Quan‐Guo , Buckling Angus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe classical, ecological, paradox of enrichment describes a phenomenon that resource enrichment destabilizes predator–prey systems by exacerbating population oscillations. Here we suggest a new, evolutionary, paradox of enrichment. Resource enrichment can lead to more asymmetrical predator–prey coevolution (i.e., extremely high levels of prey defenses against predators) that decreases predator abundances and increases predator extinction risk. A major reason for this is that high resource availability can reduce fitness costs associated with prey defenses. In our experiments with a bacterium and its lytic phage, nutrient‐balanced resource enrichment led to patterns in population demography and coevolutionary dynamics consistent with this coevolution‐based paradox of enrichment; in particular, phage population extinction events were observed under nutrient‐rich, not nutrient‐poor, conditions. Consistent with ecological studies, carbon‐biased resource enrichment (with carbon availability disproportionately increased relative to other nutrients) did not destabilize dynamics, and the asymmetry of coevolution was not altered in this context. Our work highlights the importance of integrating ecological and evolutionary thinking for studies of the consequences of nutrient pollution and other types of environmental changes.
Rates of formation and dissipation of clumping reveal lagged responses in tropical tree populations
Authors: Detto Matteo , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dynamics of spatial patterns of plant populations can provide important information about underlying processes, yet they have received relatively little attention to date. Here we investigate the rates of formation and dissipation of clusters and the relationship of these rates to the degree of aggregation (clumping) in models and in empirical data for tropical trees. In univariate models, exact solutions and simulations show that the rate of change of spatial patterns has a specific, linear relationship to the degree of aggregation at all scales. Shorter dispersal and/or weaker negative density dependence (NDD) result in both denser and longer‐lasting clusters. In multivariate host‐parasite models in contrast, the rate of change of spatial pattern is faster relative to the level of aggregation. We then analyzed the dynamics of spatial patterns of stems ≥1 cm diameter in 221 tropical tree species from seven censuses spanning 28 yr. We found that for most species, the rates of change in spatial patterns were faster than predicted from univariate models given their aggregation. This indicates that more complex dynamics involving multivariate interactions induce time lags in responses to aggregation in these species. Such lags could arise, for example, if it takes time for natural enemies to locate aggregations of their hosts. This combination of theoretical and empirical results thus shows that complex multilevel models are needed to capture spatiotemporal dynamics of tropical forests and provides new insights into the processes structuring tropical plant communities.
Old‐growth Neotropical forests are shifting in species and trait composition
Authors: van der Sande Masha T. , Arets Eric J. M. M. , Peña‐Claros Marielos , de Avila Angela Luciana , Roopsind Anand , Mazzei Lucas , Ascarrunz Nataly , Finegan Bryan , Alarcón Alfredo , Cáceres‐Siani Yasmani , Licona Juan Carlos , Ruschel Ademir , Toledo Marisol , Poorter Lourens 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTropical forests have long been thought to be in stable state, but recent insights indicate that global change is leading to shifts in forest dynamics and species composition. These shifts may be driven by environmental changes such as increased resource availability, increased drought stress, and/or recovery from past disturbances. The relative importance of these drivers can be inferred from analyzing changes in trait values of tree communities. Here, we evaluate a decade of change in species and trait composition across five old‐growth Neotropical forests in Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, and Costa Rica that cover large gradients in rainfall and soil fertility. To identify the drivers of compositional change, we used data from 29 permanent sample plots and measurements of 15 leaf, stem, and whole‐plant traits that are important for plant performance and should respond to global change drivers. We found that forests differ strongly in their community‐mean trait values, resulting from differences in soil fertility and annual rainfall seasonality. The abundance of deciduous species with high specific leaf area increases from wet to dry forests. The community‐mean wood density is high in the driest forests to protect xylem vessels against drought cavitation, and is high in nutrient‐poor forests to increase wood longevity and enhance nutrient residence time in the plant. Interestingly, the species composition changed over time in three of the forests, and the community‐mean wood density increased and the specific leaf area decreased in all forests, indicating that these forests are changing toward later successional stages dominated by slow‐growing, shade‐tolerant species. We did not see changes in other traits that could reflect responses to increased drought stress, such as increased drought deciduousness or decreased maximum adult size, or that could reflect increased resource availability (CO2, rainfall, or nitrogen). Changes in species and trait composition in these forests are therefore most likely caused by recovery from past disturbances. These compositional changes may also lead to shifts in ecosystem processes, such as a lower carbon sequestration and “slower” forest dynamics.
O EXÍLIO DO SAGRADO: ENSAIOS DE ÉTICA SOCIAL E BÍBLICA
Authors: Neves Jr. Nerlito Rui G. S. 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo tem por finalidade expor algumas reflexões acerca da ética na sociedade, sob o ponto de vista filosófico-teológico, dando enfoque à sua importância, poder e manifestação no ambiente social, político, bem como nas Sagradas Escrituras. Para encampar a temática a ser abordada no presente artigo se buscará trazer à baila algumas considerações acerca do comportamento do ser humano no ambiente grupal, sob o ponto de vista dos valores morais, em meio às transformações sociais do mundo atual. Desta forma, o pano de fundo terá como aspecto principal a visão ética social, política e bíblica do homem dentro do recinto em que vive. Para maior reflexão e provocação da discussão, o aspecto principal a ser abordado será a de se tentar responder à indagação de o ser humano, hoje, viver ou não em um ambiente ético e, partindo do Evangelho de Marcos, qual a contribuição que a Sagrada Escritura poderá dar nesse contexto.Palavras-chave: Ética Biblica. Social. Política.