bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Malibu Surfer Left Behind: Three Tales About Market Coercion
Authors: Melkevik Åsbjørn 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT:This article examines the question of private coercion in market societies, arguing for an unconditional basic income guarantee from a classical liberal viewpoint. It proposes three main arguments. First, classical liberals view the purpose of government to be the reduction of coercion, both public and private. Second, a proper understanding of the nature of coercion indicates that parties subject to certain types of hardship are being coerced. Third, where the total amount of coercion is reduced by eliminating the hardship, the classical liberal state must do so as to fulfill its purpose. Hence, this article argues that if the total amount of coercion in society can be reduced by the state employing the amount of coercion necessary to maintain an unconditional basic income guarantee, then the classical liberal state is obligated to maintain such a guarantee by its underlying justification.
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the emergency department: a review of local practice patterns
Authors: Poon Elizabeth , Self Lauren , McLeod Shelley L. , Caine Sean , Borgundvaag Bjug 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the number of urine cultures ordered for women who presented to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI, and whether a culture result impacted subsequent management.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of non-pregnant women aged 18-39 presenting to one of two academic EDs with a discharge diagnosis of uncomplicated UTI over a one-year study period. Patients were excluded if there was documentation of fever, immunocompromised state, diabetes mellitus, absence of lower urinary tract symptoms, ED administration of intravenous antibiotics, a previous UTI treated with antibiotics in the last 90 days, two weeks post-partum or post-instrumentation.ResultsOf the 512 charts included in the analysis, 494 (96.5%) patients had a urinalysis, of which 463 (93.7%) had positive leukocyte esterase and 90 (18.2%) had positive nitrites. 370 patients (72.3%) had urine cultures performed, of which 236 (63.8%) were positive. 505 (98.6%) patients received antibiotics (53.9% Macrobid; 22.6% Ciprofloxacin; 15.0% Septra; 6.7% other; 1.8% not documented). 7 (1.9%) cultures grew organisms resistant to the prescribed antibiotic; 2 (0.5%) patients received new prescriptions.ConclusionsFor the majority of young female patients with an uncomplicated UTI, urine cultures did not change management in the ED setting. However, when the diagnosis is uncertain based on symptomology and urinalyses alone, a urine culture may be warranted. Greater efforts should be directed towards educating emergency physicians on accurately diagnosing uncomplicated cystitis and the limited impact of urine cultures on treatment once a diagnosis has been made.
Carotenoid dietary intakes and plasma concentrations are associated with heel bone ultrasound attenuation and osteoporotic fracture risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort
Authors: Hayhoe Richard P. G. , Lentjes Marleen A. H. , Mulligan Angela A. , Luben Robert N. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Welch Ailsa A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCarotenoids are found in abundance in fruit and vegetables, and may be involved in the positive association of these foods with bone health. This study aimed to explore the associations of dietary carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations with bone density status and osteoporotic fracture risk in a European population. Cross-sectional analyses (n 14 803) of bone density status, using calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and longitudinal analyses (n 25 439) of fracture cases were conducted on data from the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort of middle-aged and older men and women. Health and lifestyle questionnaires were completed, and dietary nutrient intakes were derived from 7-d food diaries. Multiple regression demonstrated significant positive trends in BUA for women across quintiles of dietary α-carotene intake (P=0·029), β-carotene intake (P=0·003), β-cryptoxanthin intake (P=0·031), combined lutein and zeaxanthin intake (P=0·010) and lycopene intake (P=0·005). No significant trends across plasma carotenoid concentration quintiles were apparent (n 4570). The Prentice-weighted Cox regression showed no trends in fracture risk across dietary carotenoid intake quintiles (mean follow-up time 12·5 years), except for a lower risk for wrist fracture in women with higher lutein and zeaxanthin intake (P=0·022); nevertheless, inter-quintile differences in fracture risk were found for both sexes. Analysis of plasma carotenoid data (mean follow-up time 11·9 years) showed lower hip fracture risk in men across higher plasma α-carotene (P=0·026) and β-carotene (P=0·027) quintiles. This study provides novel evidence that dietary carotenoid intake is relevant to bone health in men and women, demonstrating that associations with bone density status and fracture risk exist for dietary intake of specific carotenoids and their plasma concentrations.
Historical perspective of Otto Nordenskjöld's Antarctic penguin fossil collection and Carl Wiman's contribution
Authors: Acosta Hospitaleche Carolina , Hagström Jonas , Reguero Marcelo , Mörs Thomas 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe early explorer and scientist Otto Nordenskjöld, leader of the Swedish South Polar Expedition of 1901–1903, was the first to collect Antarctic penguin fossils. The site is situated in the northeastern region of Seymour Island and constitutes one of the most important localities in the study of fossilised penguins. The task of describing these specimens together with fossilised whale remains was given to Professor Carl Wiman (1867–1944) at Uppsala University, Sweden. Although the paradigm for the systematic study of penguins has changed considerably over recent years, Wiman's contributions are still remarkable. His establishment of grouping by size as a basis for classification was a novel approach that allowed them to deal with an unexpectedly high morphological diversity and limited knowledge of penguin skeletal anatomy. In the past, it was useful to provide a basic framework for the group that today could be used as ‘taxon free’ categories. First, it was important to define new species, and then to establish a classification based on size and robustness. This laid the foundation for the first attempts to use morphometric parameters for the classification of isolated penguin bones. The Nordenskjöld materials constitute an invaluable collection for comparative purposes, and every year researchers from different countries visit this collection.
Mother tongues and languaging in Malaysia: Critical linguistics under critical examination
Authors: Albury Nathan John 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article brings the critical turn in linguistics—with its current scepticism towards essentialised languages and bias forlanguaging—under critical evaluation. It does so by bringing it face-to-face with thelocal-knowledge turnin sociolinguistics that investigates local knowledge and local epistemologies, held by language users themselves, to understand sociolinguistic phenomena. This article analyses whether and how the epistemologies inherent tolanguage,mother tongue, andlanguaginghold relevance in local metalinguistic talk in Malaysia. Focus group discussions with ethnic Malay, Chinese, and Indian youth reveal that languaging throughBahasa Rojakis already firmly embedded in local epistemologies for communicating across ethnolinguistic divides and fostering interethnic inclusiveness. An essentialised view of language, however, remains vital to any holistic sociolinguistic research in Malaysia in culturally specific ways that do not conflict with languaging. The article therefore supports arguments that we ought not to disregard mother tongues in the interests of critical linguistics. (Critical linguistics, mother tongue, languaging, linguistic culture, Malaysia, folk linguistics)*
Protective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Developmental Competence of Porcine Early Embryos
Authors: Liang Shuang , Niu Ying Jie , Shin Kyung-Tae , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (Q10) plays an important role in the cellular antioxidant system by protecting the cells from free-radical oxidative damage and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of Q10 on the preimplantation development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, as well as the underlying mechanism. The results showed that 100μM was the optimal concentration of Q10, which resulted in significantly increased cleavage and blastocyst formation rates and improvement of blastocyst quality. Q10 improved the blastocyst hatching rate and cellular proliferation rate in hatching blastocysts and increased the expression of hatching-related genes. Furthermore, Q10 not only decreased reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage levels, and apoptosis in the blastocysts from H2O2-induced oxidative injury, but also maintained mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results indicate that Q10 has beneficial effects on the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos by preventing oxidative damage and apoptosis.
The Composition of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Surface Precipitates Determined at High Resolving Power by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Fisher Gregory L. , Hammond John S. , Bryan Scott R. , Larson Paul E. , Heeren Ron M. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present the first demonstration of a general method for the chemical characterization of small surface features at high magnification via simultaneous collection of mass spectrometry (MS) imaging and tandem MS imaging data. High lateral resolution tandem secondary ion MS imaging is employed to determine the composition of surface features on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) that precipitate during heat treatment. The surface features, probed at a lateral resolving power of<200 nm using a surface-sensitive ion beam, are found to be comprised of ethylene terephthalate trimer at a greater abundance than is observed in the surrounding polymer matrix. This is the first chemical identification of PET surface precipitates made without either an extraction step or the use of a reference material. The new capability employed for this study achieves the highest practical lateral resolution ever reported for tandem MS imaging.
WNT10A mutation causes ectodermal dysplasia by impairing progenitor cell proliferation and KLF4-mediated differentiation
Authors: Xu Mingang , Horrell Jeremy , Snitow Melinda , Cui Jiawei , Gochnauer Heather , Syrett Camille M. , Kallish Staci , Seykora John T. , Liu Fei , Gaillard Dany , Katz Jonathan P. , Kaestner Klaus H. , Levin Brooke , Mansfield Corinne , Douglas Jennifer E. , Cowart Beverly J. , Tordoff Michael , Liu Fang , Zhu Xuming , Barlow Linda A. , Rubin Adam I. , McGrath John A. , Morrisey Edward E. , Chu Emily Y. , Millar Sarah E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHumanWNT10Amutations are associated with developmental tooth abnormalities and adolescent onset of a broad range of ectodermal defects. Here we show that β-catenin pathway activity and adult epithelial progenitor proliferation are reduced in the absence of WNT10A, and identify Wnt-active self-renewing stem cells in affected tissues including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, taste buds, nails and sweat ducts. Human and mouseWNT10Amutant palmoplantar and tongue epithelia also display specific differentiation defects that are mimicked by loss of the transcription factor KLF4. We find that β-catenin interacts directly with region-specific LEF/TCF factors, and with KLF4 in differentiating, but not proliferating, cells to promote expression of specialized keratins required for normal tissue structure and integrity. Our data identify WNT10A as a critical ligand controlling adult epithelial proliferation and region-specific differentiation, and suggest downstream β-catenin pathway activation as a potential approach to ameliorate regenerative defects inWNT10Apatients.
Compressional pathways of α-cristobalite, structure of cristobalite X-I, and towards the understanding of seifertite formation
Authors: Černok Ana , Marquardt Katharina , Caracas Razvan , Bykova Elena , Habler Gerlinde , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Hanfland Michael , Mezouar Mohamed , Bobocioiu Ema , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn various shocked meteorites, low-pressure silica polymorph α-cristobalite is commonly found in close spatial relation with the densest known SiO2 polymorph seifertite, which is stable above ∼80 GPa. We demonstrate that under hydrostatic pressure α-cristobalite remains untransformed up to at least 15 GPa. In quasi-hydrostatic experiments, above 11 GPa cristobalite X-I forms—a monoclinic polymorph built out of silicon octahedra; the phase is not quenchable and back-transforms to α-cristobalite on decompression. There are no other known silica polymorphs, which transform to an octahedra-based structure at such low pressures upon compression at room temperature. Further compression in non-hydrostatic conditions of cristobalite X-I eventually leads to the formation of quenchable seifertite-like phase. Our results demonstrate that the presence of α-cristobalite in shocked meteorites or rocks does not exclude that materials experienced high pressure, nor is the presence of seifertite necessarily indicative of extremely high peak shock pressures.
Exploiting macrophage autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis as a therapy for atherosclerosis
Authors: Sergin Ismail , Evans Trent D. , Zhang Xiangyu , Bhattacharya Somashubhra , Stokes Carl J. , Song Eric , Ali Sahl , Dehestani Babak , Holloway Karyn B. , Micevych Paul S. , Javaheri Ali , Crowley Jan R. , Ballabio Andrea , Schilling Joel D. , Epelman Slava , Weihl Conrad C. , Diwan Abhinav , Fan Daping , Zayed Mohamed A. , Razani Babak 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMacrophages specialize in removing lipids and debris present in the atherosclerotic plaque. However, plaque progression renders macrophages unable to degrade exogenous atherogenic material and endogenous cargo including dysfunctional proteins and organelles. Here we show that a decline in the autophagy–lysosome system contributes to this as evidenced by a derangement in key autophagy markers in both mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques. By augmenting macrophage TFEB, the master transcriptional regulator of autophagy–lysosomal biogenesis, we can reverse the autophagy dysfunction of plaques, enhance aggrephagy of p62-enriched protein aggregates and blunt macrophage apoptosis and pro-inflammatory IL-1β levels, leading to reduced atherosclerosis. In order to harness this degradative response therapeutically, we also describe a natural sugar called trehalose as an inducer of macrophage autophagy–lysosomal biogenesis and show trehalose’s ability to recapitulate the atheroprotective properties of macrophage TFEB overexpression. Our data support this practical method of enhancing the degradative capacity of macrophages as a therapy for atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Tightening of tropical ascent and high clouds key to precipitation change in a warmer climate
Authors: Su Hui , Jiang Jonathan H. , Neelin J. David , Shen T. Janice , Zhai Chengxing , Yue Qing , Wang Zhien , Huang Lei , Choi Yong-Sang , Stephens Graeme L. , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe change of global-mean precipitation under global warming and interannual variability is predominantly controlled by the change of atmospheric longwave radiative cooling. Here we show that tightening of the ascending branch of the Hadley Circulation coupled with a decrease in tropical high cloud fraction is key in modulating precipitation response to surface warming. The magnitude of high cloud shrinkage is a primary contributor to the intermodel spread in the changes of tropical-mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and global-mean precipitation per unit surface warming (dP/dTs) for both interannual variability and global warming. Compared to observations, most Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 models underestimate the rates of interannual tropical-mean dOLR/dTs and global-mean dP/dTs, consistent with the muted tropical high cloud shrinkage. We find that the five models that agree with the observation-based interannual dP/dTs all predict dP/dTs under global warming higher than the ensemble mean dP/dTs from the ∼20 models analysed in this study.
Derivation and Validation of a Mortality Risk Score for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China
Authors: Qiu Jun , Lu Xiulan , Liu Xiao , Zang Ping , Zhao Wenjiao , Liu Pingping , Xiao Zhenghui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOutbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have increased recently, as has the case fatality rate in severe cases. No scoring system currently exists to predict mortality risk for severe HFMD in previous study. We retrospectively collected laboratory parameters for 546 patients with severe HFMD (a derivation and a validation cohort) at Hunan Children’s Hospitals between January 2012 and December 2014. We developed a mortality risk score comprising four laboratory parameters: blood glucose (GLU), white blood cells (WBC), lactate (LAC), and N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Using an “optimal” cutoff score of 4, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 88.00%, 96.14%, 62.86% and 99.08%, respectively, in the derivation cohort. Among severe HFMD patients with low- and high-risk scores in the validation cohort, case fatality rates were 1.49% and 74.07%, respectively. According to the “optimal” cut-off in the derivation cohort, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 80.95%, 93.83%, 62.96% and 97.44%, respectively, in the derivation cohort. The mortality risk score demonstrated good discrimination (AUC > 0.9) and calibration (P > 0.05) in both cohorts. The mortality risk score, comprising WBC, GLU, LAC and NT-proBNP, has been demonstrated good discrimination and calibration in the both cohorts.
Chronic low-dose exposure to a mixture of environmental endocrine disruptors induces microRNAs/isomiRs deregulation in mouse concomitant with intratesticular estradiol reduction
Authors: Buñay Julio , Larriba Eduardo , Moreno Ricardo D. , del Mazo Jesús 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHumans are environmentally exposed not only to single endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) but to mixtures that affect their reproductive health. In reproductive tissues, microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key targets of EDCs. Here, we analysed changes in the testis “miRNome” (and their biogenesis mechanism) in chronically exposed adult mice to a cocktail of five EDCs containing 0.3 mg/kg-body weight (BW)/day of each phthalate (DEHP, DBP, BBP) and 0.05 mg/kg-BW/day of each alkylphenol (NP, OP), from conception to adulthood. The testis “miRNome” was characterised using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expression levels of genes involved in miRNA biogenesis were measured by RT-qPCR, as well as several physiological and cytological parameters. We found two up-regulated, and eight down-regulated miRNAs and thirty-six differentially expressed isomiRs along with an over-expression ofDrosha,AdarandZcchc11. A significant decrease of intratesticular estradiol but not testosterone was detected. Functional analysis showed altered spermatogenesis, germ cell apoptosis and negative correlation ofmiR-18a-5pwithNr1h2involved in the deregulation of the steroidogenesis pathway. Here, we present the first association between miRNA/isomiRs deregulation, their mechanisms of biogenesis and histopathological and hormonal alterations in testes of adult mice exposed to a mixture of low-dose EDCs, which can play a role in male infertility.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma response to chemotherapy enhanced with non-invasive radio frequency evaluated via an integrated experimental/computational approach
Authors: Ware Matthew J. , Curtis Louis T. , Wu Min , Ho Jason C. , Corr Stuart J. , Curley Steven A. , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough chemotherapy combined with radiofrequency exposure has shown promise in cancer treatment by coupling drug cytotoxicity with thermal ablation or thermally-induced cytotoxicity, limited access of the drug to tumor loci in hypo-vascularized lesions has hampered clinical application. We recently showed that high-intensity short-wave capacitively coupled radiofrequency (RF) electric-fields may reach inaccessible targets in vivo. This non-invasive RF combined with gemcitabine (Gem) chemotherapy enhanced drug uptake and effect in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), notorious for having poor response and limited therapeutic options, but without inducing thermal injury. We hypothesize that the enhanced cytotoxicity derives from RF-facilitated drug transport in the tumor microenvironment. We propose an integrated experimental/computational approach to evaluate chemotherapeutic response combined with RF-induced phenotypic changes in tissue with impaired transport. Results show that RF facilitates diffusive transport in 3D cell cultures representing hypo-vascularized lesions, enhancing drug uptake and effect. Computational modeling evaluates drug vascular extravasation and diffusive transport as key RF-modulated parameters, with transport being dominant. Assessment of hypothetical schedules following current clinical protocol for Stage-IV PDAC suggests that unresponsive lesions may be growth-restrained when exposed to Gem plus RF. Comparison of these projections to experiments in vivo indicates that synergy may result from RF-induced cell phenotypic changes enhancing drug transport and cytotoxicity, thus providing a potential baseline for clinically-focused evaluation.
Smart pH-sensitive nanoassemblies with cleavable PEGylation for tumor targeted drug delivery
Authors: Zhao Guanren , Long Ling , Zhang Lina , Peng Mingli , Cui Ting , Wen Xiaoxun , Zhou Xing , Sun Lijun , Che Ling 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new acidly sensitive PEGylated polyethylenimine linked by Schiff base (PEG-s-PEI) was designed to render pH-sensitive PEGylation nanoassemblies through multiple interactions with indomethacin and docetaxel (DTX). DTX nanoassemblies driven by PEG-s-PEI thus formulated exhibited an excellent pH-sensitivity PEGylation cleavage performance at extracellular pH of tumor microenvironment, compared to normal tissues, thereby long circulated in blood but were highly phagocytosed by tumor cells. Consequently, this smart pH-sensitive PEGylation cleavage provided an efficient strategy to target tumor microenvironment, in turn afforded superior therapeutic outcome in anti-tumor activity.