bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brachytherapy is a Promising Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kamenev Dmitry Yurievich , Moshurov Ivan Petrovich , Kravets Bronislava Borisovna , Korotkikh Nataliya Viktorovna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract – prostate Cancer is one of the most common cancers among men. Incidence is second only to tumors of the broncho- pulmonary system. In recent years significantly increased the interest in contact radiation methods of treatment of this disease (brachytherapy). In the treatment of prostate cancer there is experience of application of different source of dose-rate used sources of low dose (isotopes of iodine (125I), palladium (103Pd) and cesium (131Cs) and sources used for high dose rate (iridium Ir192 or cobalt 60 Co). In Russia the greatest popularity is the use of isotope Ir192 andI125 for brachytherapy. Given indentichnost the indications for treatment, equivalent figures cancerspecifically and relapse-free survival, the question of the choice of treatment is very important. A brief review of the literature on the use of brachytherapy for prostate cancer sources of different dose. Presents comparative characteristics of treatment results, complications, early and late toxic reactions when used brachytherapy isotopes different dose.
Widening Access of Nigerians To Distance Education Programmes
Authors: Beshel Cecilia A. , Asuquo Glory B. , Ekpenyong, Violet O. 
Published: August 2017

<p>Two distance education programmes prominently exist in Nigeria. These are the Nigerian Certificate of Education (NCE) distance learning programme and the Open University distance education models. Ample evidence abounds to show that numerous Nigerians have not maximally taken advantage of these programmes to acquire requisite knowledge and skills in order to fit into the world of work and/or to improve their productivity. A plethora of factors underlie these unsavory situations. This paper highlights the inherent needs to the participation of Nigerians into these distance learning programmes and also suggests different strategies for widening or enhancing the access of more Nigerians to these new paradigms of accessing education. </p>
KANKER LEHER RAHIM (CANCER CERVIX) SEBAGAI PEMBUNUH WANITA TERBANYAK DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG
Authors: Arisusilo Cahyawati 
Published: August 2017

Worldwide, cervical cancer is twelfth most common (Edward, 2010) and the fifth most deadly cancer in women (Globocan, 2002). It affects about 16 per 100,000 women per year and kills about 9 per 100,000 per year (WHO, 2006). Approximately 80% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries (Kent, 2010). Worldwide, in 2008, it was estimated that there were 473,000 cases of cervical cancer, and 253,500 deaths per year (NCC, 2008). <br />Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in most developing countries (Edianto, 2006). Counted as many as 510,000 new cases occur each years and lasts more than 288,000 deaths from the disease worldwide. Low incidence of this disease in women aged under 25 years old, but the incidence increases in women aged 35 to 40 years and reached a maximum at the age of the 50's. Meanwhile, the incidence of cervical cancer it self continues to increase from about 25 per 100,000 in 1988 to around 32 per 100,000 in 1992 (Edianto, 2006).<br />In 2005, the number of women aged 15-64 years in Indonesia is 65 million and the prevalence of cervical cancer is 50 per 100,000 women. This means the number of patients with cervical cancer is approximately 32 500 patients. Patients with stage I as much as 7% or 2275, stage Ib-IIa by 28% or 9100, and a stage IIB-IV by 65% or 21 125 patients (Rasjidi, 2007). This data showed that cancer cervix detected mostly on late stages, so it commonly called silent diseases.<br />The uterine cervix is the lowest portion of a woman's uterus (womb). Most of the uterus lies in the pelvis, but part of the cervix is located in the vagina, where it connects the uterus with the vagina. <br /><br />
PENGARUH RANGGAS PAKSA DAN SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG BEKICOT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN FOLIKEL YOLK AYAM (Gallus turcicus)
Authors: Lisin Kiptiyah, Hartanto, 
Published: August 2017

Research is conducted to examine the effect of fast method’s forced molting and snail flour supplementation on yolk follicle growth of chicken (Gallus turcicus). In this research, female chicken is used with 1.5 years of age and 1.2 ± 2 kg body weight. The treatments include the fast method’s forced f molting (without food for 0 hour, 72 hours, and 168 hours, but with drink ad libitum) and snail flour supplements of 6 %, 12 %, and 18 %. <br /> The observation is concerned with yolk follicle growth attributes such as ovary weight and yolk follicle sizes, such as large, medium and small. The data obtained is analyzed by ANOVA. Result indicates that the treatment of fast method’s forced molting and snail flour supplementation does not have effect on yolk follicle growth of chicken (Gallus turcicus). It is evident as reviewed from the ovary weight and from yolk follicle sizes of large, medium and small. Such phenomena is revealed through data related to fast method’s forced molting and snail flour supplementation, in which both are without effect on ovary weight and large follicle size, but with effect on medium and small yolk follicle sizes.<br /><br />Keywords: Chicken, forced molting, snail flour, yolk follicle <br /><br />
PENGUJIAN POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI NEMATODA SISTA KUNING (Globodera rostochiensis) PADA TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Utami Ulfah , Hariani Lilik , Setyaningrum Retno 
Published: August 2017

<p>Yellow Nematoda sista (Globodera rostochiensis) is one of interfering plant organism in potatoes plants that bothers farmers in Indonesia. Many controls done by farmers during this time uses chemist pesticide. The using of chemist pesticide continuously can threaten human environment and healthy. The existence of endofit bacteria might became one of nematode controlling agent which is hospitable, because endofit bacteria can produce toxic compound in nematode. The aim of this research is to find out the filtrate potential of endofit bacteria to the growth of yellow nematode sista population (Globodera rostochiensis) in potatoes plants. This research is done in Microbiological and Greenhouse Laboratory, Biology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and Pest and Plant Disease Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya Malang. This research is done in December 2011 until April 2011 by using Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) method. Bacterial filtrate is made in a way of making endofit bacteria grow in TSB media for 48 hours, then disentrifugasi with speed 13.000 rpm for 15 minutes. Next, it is tested in yellow nematode sista in potatoes plants in the greenhouse. The result of this research shows that endofit bacteria filtrate can obstruct the growth of sista Globodera rostochiensis population. Three from those six isolates which have high ability in pressing sista Globodera rostochiensis population in 100 gram of soil are isolate AA (91%), DH (81%) and BE (81%). Isolate AA can press sista Globodera rostochiensis population in the high scale, which reach until 91%. All endofit bacteria isolate (Isolat AA, AH, BA, BE, DA and DH) can increase the growth of potatoes plants, they are the height of plant and the weight of potatoes plants root.</p>
PENGGUNAAN DOKSISIKLIN HYCLATE SEBAGAI INHIBITOR MATRIKS METALLOPROTEINASE PADA TERAPI TAMBAHAN PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Kristanti Risma Aprinda 
Published: August 2017

<p>Terbit.com Daily has reported that the prevalence of periodontitis increases related with age person. Found that 35,7% of patients with periodontitis in the group 30-39 years old to 66,5% in the group 50-59 years old, increase</p> <p>89,2% in the group 80-90 years old. Periodontitis that commonly found is a chronic periodontitis which is occurs in individuals older than 45 years, but can also be found in children.</p> <p>The main characteristic of periodontitis is the damage of the periodontal connective tissue, alveolar bone, and the movement of the junctional epithelium to the apical. Bacterial components may directly or indirectly cause tissue damage. Inflammatory mediators product such as proteinases, cytokines, and prostaglandins are part of the host response that can also cause tissue damage. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a proteinase that can cause periodontal tissue damage by disrupting the extracellular matrix molecules in periodontal tissues. Since is known that MMP has a role in various pathological processes, therapy to inhibit activity MMP in pathological processes has developed. MMP inhibitors will be a useful adjunct therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease. Many products have been introduced as an MMP inhibitor, for example: tetracycline</p> <p>and various derivatives, such as doxycycline and minocycline which are capable of inhibiting the activity of several classes of MMPs. Doxycycline has the ability to inhibit the increase in collagenase activity that is pathological in subgingival and prevent periodontitis to become more severe.</p>
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK TEH HITAM DAN TINTA CUMI-CUMI SEBAGAI FOTOSENSITISER PADA SEL SURYA BERBASIS PEWARNA TERSENSITISASI
Authors: Ningsih Rachmawati , Hastuti Hastuti 
Published: August 2017

<p>One of the alternative energy potential to be developed to overcome energy crisis in the world is an organic solar cells. In this research has been conducted by making a series of Dyes Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) using an organic dye from crude extracts of black tea (Camellia sinensis) and ink cuttlefish (Sepia acuelata). Solar cell system consisting of crystalline TiO2, glass conductors, dyes,</p> <p>a electrolyte solution I-/I3- and carbon electrodes. TiO2 crystals were</p> <p>characterized using X-ray diffraction. Crude extracts of black tea and cuttlefish</p> <p>ink absorption wavelength was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The series of solar cells are measured values of voltage and electric current.</p> <p>The results of X-ray diffraction showed that crystalline TiO2 including anatase crystalline phase and a crystal size is 2.6 nm. The results of UV-Vis spectra of crude extracts of black tea and cuttlefish ink shows the absorption wavelength range in a row of 232-240 nm and 203-207 nm.</p> <p>Large solar cell power supply voltage without soaking, in a room without light and under a halogen lamp is 0.014 Volt and 0.023 Volt. Large voltage solar cells soaked in crude extracts of black tea for 1 hour at room without light and under a halogen lamp is 0.364 Volt and 0.401 Volt. While that is soaked for 2 weeks is</p> <p>0.113 Volts and 0.18 Volts.</p>
KEANEKARAGAMAN FAUNA TANAH DI TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR TANAH BERSULFUR TINGGI
Authors: Suheriyanto Dwi 
Published: August 2017

<p>The using of bioindikator lately become more important with the main function is to describe the existence of relevancy with biotic factor condition and abiotic area. Land fauna is enough as land indicator because it has sensitive respond to land and climate management practice, having good correlation to the land characteristic that benefits and the ecology function can describe causal chain that connects land management decision to the last productivity and plant and animal health. This research has purpose to identify kind of land fauna found in Bromo Tengger Semeru national park, analyse kinds of land fauna and analyse land fauna that can be used as land bioindikator with high sulphur standard.</p> <p>The research uses exploration method, that arrange land fauna observation Bromo Tengger Semeru national park and taking land sample to be analyzed in laboratory. Taking sample location in Bromo, Jemplang area (near Bromo mountain). In each location is being observed to land fauna with plot 1 X 1 m, as many as 10 plots. Land fauna found in each plots is noted about genre and amount. The sample of the land is taken, then brought to the laboratory and analyzed to find out the content of pH land, S land, organic material and C/N land.</p> <p>The result of this research shows that land fauna found in Bromo Tengger Semeru national park are 10 ordo, contained 29 family. Land fauna diversity in Bromo mountain is in lower area if it is compared with other area, with index</p> 2.07 variety. Jemplang area has index variety 2.35 and Penanjakan area has index the highest fauna diversity, that is 2.73. Bromo mountain area has total sulphur 74,683 mg/1000g land and it is the area of research within highest sulphur. Land fauna used as land bioindicator within highest sulphur is ordo Brachyderinae for indicator the existence fauna and Mesoveliidae for bioindicator the inexistence of fauna.
PENGARUH PAPARAN SUHU TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT JANTAN (MUS,MUSCULUS) STRAIN JEPANG
Authors: Ermiza Ermiza 
Published: August 2017

<p>Spermatogenesis is a process of spermatozoa conception in tubulus seminiferus, which is influenced by various different factors, including hormonal, inhibit epididimis deterent, radiation and temperature. Conducive temperature in the regulation of spermatogenesis is below normal body temperature, which is</p> <p>37°C. Maximum activity of most human enzim works within about 37°C, since temperature above 37°C will create denaturalization of enzim. Enzim is needed for cell metabolism. Exposure in high temperature resulted from a physical and psychological stress activates central and peripheral response of endoktrin system. Activating endoktrin system of hipotalamus-Hipofise-Adrenal involves neurohormon CRH, CRH to GnRH and disturbs activity of adenohipofise in producing FSH, LH which in turn disturbs spermatogenesis. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the exposure in the temperature of 40°C upon quantity, mortility, and morphology of spermatozoa male mencit within one cicle of spermatogenesis.</p> <p>The research uses the method of Post Test Only Control Group Design conducted in April to October 2010 in Pharmachology Laboratorium of Medical Faculty of Unand Padang. The samples were taken from 24 male mencit of 2-3 months, with an avarage weight of 25-35 grams, divided into 4 groups, i.e. controlled group and 3 treated groups. The treatment was based on the lenght of exposure in the temperature of 40°C. This exposure lasts about 15, 30 and 45 minutes everyday in 36 days. The result is analyzed using Kolmogorof Smirnof Test, data from normal distribution analyzed with Anova Test, if result is signifikan continued with Post-Hoc-Test (Bonferroni). If data from distribution is not normal analyzed with Kruskal Wallis.</p> <p>The research on some spermatozoa using Anova test indicates unsignificant relationship (p&gt;0,05) between controlled and treated group. However, research on the percentage of mortilitas and morphology of spermatozoa shows significant differences (p&lt;0,05). Avarage decrease of amount, percentage of motility and morphology of abnormal spermatozoa is comparable to the time of exposure in the temperature of 40°C witih 36 days.</p> <p>Based on this research, it is safe to conclude that the exposure in 40°C gives a significant impact on the declining quality of spermatozoa. It is urged that detailed researches should be conducted on the impact of exposure in high temperature upon the structure of spermatozoa moleculs, such as DNA, mitokondria and the level of tertosteron.</p>
ANALISIS KUALITATIF FENILALANIN SECARA CHROMATOGRAPHY KERTAS DAN CHROMATOGRAPHY LAPIS TIPIS (Studi Awal Pengembangan Metode Deteksi Penyakit Phenylketonuria)
Authors: Fauziyah Begum 
Published: August 2017

<p>The qualitative analysis of fenilalanin as paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography is developed as the beginning study of detection phenylketonuria disease. The result of identification qualitatively fenilalanin solution with concentration varia tion using paper chromatography media shows that the clearest spot is gotten by concentration minimal 50 ppm. The result of identification qualitatively fenilalanin solution with variation concentration 1, 3, 5, 10, 25 and 50 (ppm) using thin layer chromatography shows that from the smallest concentration that is 1 ppm, has already give the clear qualitative experiment result, that is purple. Fenilalanin analysis with thin layer chromatography gives more sensitive result than with paper chromatography. memberikan hasil yang lebih sensitif daripada dengan chromatography kertas.</p>
Teoria do jogo: a dimensão lúdica da existência humana
Authors: Grillo Rogério de Melo , Prodócimo Elaine 
Published: August 2017

A presente resenha tem como escopo analisar, de maneira descritiva e crítica, o livro "Teoria do Jogo: a dimensão lúdica da existência humana", de Jeferson J. M. Retondar. Vale ressaltar que o presente livro é composto por cinco capítulos e visa colaborar significativamente com o debate concernente à importância do jogo na formação dos indivíduos. Para tanto, traz uma análise epistemológica do jogo, que sustenta um paradigma de Educação pelo Jogo.
Periarticular Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection Versus Intra-Articular Bupivacaine Infusion Catheter for Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Smith Eric B. , Kazarian Gregory S. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Lonner Jess H. , Sharkey Peter F. , Good Robert P. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Intra-articular bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) infusion catheters and periarticular injections of liposomal bupivacaine are often used as postoperative local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies of these local anesthetics following total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
This study was a superiority trial with a randomized, controlled, double-blinded design. Patients were randomly assigned to either delivery of bupivacaine HCl by the ON-Q* Pain Relief System pump (n = 96) or by an injection of Exparel (liposomal bupivacaine) (n = 104). The primary outcome of this study was cumulative narcotic consumption on postoperative days 0 through 3. Narcotic consumption data were collected retrospectively from in-hospital records while patients were in the hospital. Following discharge, narcotic consumption data were gathered from patient surveys, as were secondary outcomes measures.

Results:
We did not identify greater narcotic use in the ON-Q* group compared with the Exparel group (p = 0.641). The mean difference between the groups was 0.5 morphine equivalent (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.7 to +2.8), with the ON-Q* group consuming an average 10.4 morphine equivalents (95% CI = 8.7 to 12.0) compared with 10.9 (95% CI = 9.3 to 12.5) in the Exparel group. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to any of the secondary measures of pain with the exception of pain while walking and pain with physical therapy (p = 0.019 and p = 0.010, respectively), both of which showed an approximately 1-point difference in favor of the ON-Q* group on a visual analog scale (VAS). There were also no differences in the postoperative side effects, including nausea, constipation, or vomiting, or in the rates of study-related complications, patient satisfaction, or length of hospital stay.

Conclusions:
Exparel did not have superior efficacy compared with the ON-Q* Pain Relief System as reflected by narcotic consumption, our primary outcome. There were small significant differences, in favor of the ON-Q* group, in 2 secondary measures of pain during activity, but these approximately 1-point VAS differences are unlikely to be clinically relevant. The choice of a local anesthetic modality should be based on a combination of safety, convenience, and cost considerations.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Timing of Postoperative Mechanical Loading Affects Healing Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Lebaschi Amir , Cong Guang-Ting , Album Zoe , Carballo Camila , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the mechanical loading of the tissues has a significant impact on tendon-to-bone healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the timing of the initiation of mechanical loading on healing of a tendon graft in a bone tunnel.

Methods:
ACL reconstruction using a flexor tendon autograft was performed in 56 mice randomized to 4 groups with differing times to initiation of postoperative mechanical loading: (1) immediate, (2) 5 days, (3) 10 days, or (4) 21 days following surgery. An external fixator was placed across the knee at the time of surgery and removed when mechanical loading was scheduled to commence. Following removal of the external fixator, animals were permitted free, unrestricted cage activity. All mice were killed on postoperative day 28, and tendon-to-bone healing was assessed by biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histological analysis.

Results:
The mean failure force (and standard deviation) of the reconstructed ACL at the time of sacrifice was highest for Group 2 (3.29 ± 0.68 N) compared with Groups 1, 3, and 4 (p = 0.008). Micro-CT bone volume fraction was greatest for Group 2 in the femoral tunnel (p = 0.001), tibial tunnel (p = 0.063), and both bones (p < 0.001). Similarly, histological analysis demonstrated a narrower scar tissue interface and increased direct contact at the tendon-bone interface (p = 0.012) for Group 2.

Conclusions:
Following ACL reconstruction, a defined period of immobilization without weight-bearing appears to improve biomechanical strength of the healing tendon-bone interface, while prolonged periods without mechanical load and motion decrease the ultimate load to failure in this murine model.

Clinical Relevance:
The ideal period of restricted weight-bearing and motion following ACL reconstruction remains undefined. In a murine model, improved healing was noted for animals immobilized for a brief period of 5 days. This work may serve as an initial step in determining the ideal time period in a clinical population.