bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-orthogonal central moments relaxing to a discrete equilibrium: A D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: De Rosis Alessandro 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A novel D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann scheme based on the relaxation of central moments is presented. Differently from previous efforts, here we introduce a non-orthogonal basis of moments which relax to a discrete local equilibrium. Under these choices, our proposed model recovers exactly the BGK collision kernel if a unique relaxation rate is adopted. Numerical tests involving well-consolidated canonical problems highlight the excellent properties of the algorithm in terms of accuracy, convergence and stability. Moreover, our formulation shows an intelligible derivation and a simple practical implementation.
The painful total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Vulcano E. , Myerson M. S. 
Published: January 2017

The last decade has seen a considerable increase in the use of in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) to treat patients with end-stage arthritis of the ankle. However, the longevity of the implants is still far from that of total knee and hip arthroplasties. The aim of this review is to outline a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the painful TAA to be used when considering revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:5–11.
Qualitative α-defensin test (Synovasure) for the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection in revision total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Sigmund I. K. , Holinka J. , Gamper J. , Staats K. , Böhler C. , Kubista B. , Windhager R. 
Published: January 2017

Aims The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains demanding due to limitations of all the available diagnostic tests. The synovial fluid marker, α-defensin, is a promising adjunct for the assessment of potential PJI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative assessment of α-defensin, using Synovasure to detect or exclude periprosthetic infection in total joint arthroplasty. Patients and Methods We studied 50 patients (28 women, 22 men, mean age 65 years; 20 to 89) with a clinical indication for revision arthroplasty who met the inclusion criteria of this prospective diagnostic study. The presence of α-defensin was determined using the qualitative Synovasure test and compared with standard diagnostic methods for PJI. Based on modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, 13 cases were categorised as septic and 36 as aseptic revisions. One test was inconclusive. Results The Synovasure test achieved a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 94%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 12.46 and 0.33, respectively. A good diagnostic accuracy for PJI, with an area under the curve of 0.82, was demonstrated. Adjusted p-values using the method of Hochberg showed that Synovasure is as good at diagnosing PJI as histology (p = 0.0042) and bacteriology with one positive culture (p = 0.0327). Conclusion With its ease of use and rapid results after approximately ten minutes, Synovasure may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:66–72.
The quality of randomised controlled trials involving surgery from the hand to the elbow
Authors: Kim J. M. , Zimmerman R. M. , Jones C. M. , Muhit A. Al , Higgins J. P. , Means Jr K. R. 
Published: January 2017

Aims Our purpose was to determine the quality of current randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in hand surgery using standardised metrics. Materials and Methods Based on five-year mean impact factors, we selected the six journals that routinely publish studies of upper extremity surgery. Using a journal-specific search query, 62 RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Then three blinded reviewers used the Jadad and revised Coleman Methodology Score (RCMS) to assess the quality of the manuscripts. Results Based on the Jadad scale, 28 studies were of high quality and 34 were of low quality. Methodological deficiencies in poorly scoring trials included the absence of rate of enrolment, no power analysis, no description of withdrawal or dropout, and a failure to use validated outcomes assessments with an independent investigator. Conclusion A large number of RCTs in hand, wrist, and elbow surgery were of suboptimal quality when judged against the RCMS and Jadad scales. Even with a high level of evidence, study design and execution of RCTs should be critically assessed. Methodological deficiencies may introduce bias and lead to statistically underpowered studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:94–9.
Assessment of resuscitation as measured by markers of metabolic acidosis and features of injury
Authors: Weinberg D. S. , Narayanan A. S. , Moore T. A. , Vallier H. A. 
Published: January 2017

Aims The best time for definitive orthopaedic care is often unclear in patients with multiple injuries. The objective of this study was make a prospective assessment of the safety of our early appropriate care (EAC) strategy and to evaluate the potential benefit of additional laboratory data to determine readiness for surgery. Patients and Methods A cohort of 335 patients with fractures of the pelvis, acetabulum, femur, or spine were included. Patients underwent definitive fixation within 36 hours if one of the following three parameters were met: lactate < 4.0 mmol/L; pH ≥ 7.25; or base excess (BE) ≥ -5.5 mmol/L. If all three parameters were met, resuscitation was designated full protocol resuscitation (FPR). If less than all three parameters were met, it was designated an incomplete protocol resuscitation (IPR). Complications were assessed by an independent adjudication committee and included infection; sepsis; PE/DVT; organ failure; pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results In total, 66 patients (19.7%) developed 90 complications. An historical cohort of 1441 patients had a complication rate of 22.1%. The complication rate for patients with only one EAC parameter at the point of protocol was 34.3%, which was higher than other groups (p = 0.041). Patients who had IPR did not have significantly more complications (31.8%) than those who had FPR (22.6%; p = 0.078). Regression analysis showed male gender and injury severity score to be independent predictors of complications. Conclusions This study highlights important trends in the IPR and FPR groups, suggesting that differences in resuscitation parameters may guide care in certain patients; further study is, however, required. We advocate the use of the existing protocol, while research is continued for high-risk subgroups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:122–7.
The epidemiology and trends in management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sheth U. , Wasserstein D. , Jenkinson R. , Moineddin R. , Kreder H. , Jaglal S. B. 
Published: January 2017

Aims The aims of this study were to establish the incidence of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR) in a North American population, to select demographic subgroups and to examine trends in the management of this injury in the province of Ontario, Canada. Patients and Methods Patients ≥ 18 years of age who presented with an AATR to an emergency department in Ontario, Canada between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013 were identified using administrative databases. The overall and annual incidence density rate (IDR) of AATR were calculated for all demographic subgroups. The annual rate of surgical repair was also calculated and compared between demographic subgroups. Results A total of 27 607 patients (median age, 44 years; interquartile range 26 to 62; 66.5% male) sustained an AATR. The annual IDR increased from 18.0 to 29.3 per 100 000 person-years between 2003 and 2013. The mean IDR was highest among men between the ages of 40 and 49 years (46.0/100 000 person-years). The annual rate of surgical repair dropped from 20.1 in 2003 to 9.2 per 100 AATRs in 2013. There was a noticeable decline after 2009. Conclusion The incidence of AATR is increasing in Ontario, while the annual rate of surgical repair is decreasing. A sharp decline in the rate of surgical repair was noted after 2009. This coincided with the publication of several high-quality RCTs which showed similar outcomes for the ‘functional’ non-operative management and surgical repair. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:78–86.
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials features in thalassemia major
Authors: Passat Jimmy , Munthe Bulan Ginting , Mahfuzh Fauzi , Tambunan Taralan 
Published: January 2017

Patients with thalassemia major are at high risk for hearing impairment. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence, grade and type of hearing impairment according to brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) investigation in thalassemia major. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted between December 1999 until August 2000 in 72 thalassemic patients between 3 and 18 years of age. Only 65 patients were evaluated, because of time limitation. The results showed the prevalence of hearing impairment in thalassemia major was 29.2%. Most of them were moderate to severe unilateral sensorineural hearing impairments. Mild sensorienural hearing impairment occured in only 12.3%. Conductive hearing impairment was only found in 1 patient. Hearing impairment was frequently found between 7 to 12 years of age (41.5%). Conclusion: the prevalence of hearing impairment in thalassem a major according to BAEP investigation is high and BAEP examination should be done regularly in all of thalassemic patients to investigate early detection and treatment of hearing impairment.
Specimen whitening: An assessment of methods of ammonium chloride smoke removal
Authors: Shelburne Edward C. H. , Thompson Angella C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Smoking is the process of subliming and depositing ammonium chloride or other white powder onto specimens, and is useful for enhancing specimen relief for photography. Ammonium chloride is acidic and highly soluble in water, and can etch delicate specimens in the presence of moisture. Though many methods exist for applying ammonium chloride to specimens, removing the coating is rarely discussed. To amend this, we performed an experiment smoking a series of invertebrate fossil specimens and cleaned them using eight different cleaning techniques. After undergoing the appropriate cleaning method, each specimen was then thoroughly rinsed in deionized water. Using a silver nitrate solution, which precipitates silver chloride in the presence of chloride ions, we tested the rinse water for remaining chloride contamination. Using this procedure, we found complete rinsing of the specimen to be the only method for removing contamination to a point below our detection limit, although various brushing techniques were moderately effective. Breathing on the specimen, a commonly used method, was ineffective, and likely exacerbates the problem of etching by dissolving remaining residue. We recommend a case-by-case approach to ammonium chloride residue removal, using one or more techniques, while making sure to record the smoking and cleaning procedures in your collection’s database.
Arsenic and pre-1970s museum specimens: Using a hand-held XRF analyzer to determine the prevalence of arsenic at Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Authors: Desjardins Rebecca B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The use of arsenic in the preservation of biological specimens was common practice prior to 1970. Because the Naturalis Center for Biodiversity (Naturalis) has extensive collections from before 1950, it was suspected that it held many contaminated specimens. In 2013, Naturalis tested 220 objects for the presence of arsenic over a period of 2 days using a handheld x-ray fluorescence analyzer, which detects arsenic, lead, mercury, and some other metals on objects. This testing provides an estimate of the prevalence of contaminated specimens, as well as a way to determine whether arsenic had spread into noncollection areas. In addition to specimens, floors, desks, keyboards, gloves, elevators, and lab coats were tested for arsenic presence and quantity. The results indicate that mounted specimens do not spread large amounts of arsenic onto the surrounding areas. However, there was sufficient contamination to warrant concern such that the arsenic-handling policy was modified to include different categories of contamination. From this framework, policy and physical changes to the building were made to minimize exposure by collections staff and visitors.
A molecular survey of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in central-eastern Europe
Authors: Šnábel Viliam , Kuzmina Tetiana , Cavallero Serena , D’Amelio Stefano , Georgescu Stefan Octavian , Szénási Zsuzsanna , Cielecka Danuta , Sałamatin Rusłan , Yemets Alexander , Kucsera István 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCentral-eastern Europe is an endemic region for cystic echinococcosis where multiple species of intermediate hosts are commonly infected with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato tapeworms of major medical and veterinary importance. Investigations of the genetic variation of 25 Echinococcus isolates from five countries (Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland) were undertaken using three mitochondrial DNA markers. The 18 isolates from pigs derived from Slovakia and Ukraine and the four human isolates from Slovakia, Poland and Ukraine were identified as E. canadensis G 7, whereas the three human isolates from Romania and Hungary were classified as E. granulosus sensu stricto G1. This study reports the first confirmed human case of E. granulosus s.s. in Hungary. The haplotype G7A with two polymorphic sites relative to the most common regional variant of E. canadensis G7 was recorded in both pigs from Ukraine and in a single pig isolate from Slovakia. The results of this study support the circumstantial evidence that E. canadensis G7 with low infectivity for humans is highly prevalent in the northern parts of the region (Poland, Slovakia, forest-steppe zone of Ukraine), while infections with E. granulosus s.s. which are highly infectious for humans are more commonly encountered in Romania and Hungary.
Interpretation und das Prinzip der Nachsicht
Authors: Dierig Simon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDavidson's principle of charity says that we should interpret someone's beliefs and utterances in such a way that these beliefs and utterances are, according to our own standards, mostly true. Davidson has advanced three major arguments for this principle. In the first part of this essay, I reconstruct these arguments and explain Davidson's project of a theory of interpretation as far as it is necessary for this reconstruction. In the second part of my article, it is shown that none of the three arguments for the principle of charity put forward by Davidson is convincing. I also examine the two most important arguments against Davidson's principle. It is demonstrated that these arguments are not compelling, too. The upshot of my discussion is that the debate between proponents and opponents of the principle of charity has reached stalemate.
Several Remarks on the Role of Certain Positional and Social Games in the Creation of the Selected Statistical and Economic Applications
Authors: Drabik Ewa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The game theory was created on the basis of social as well as gambling games, such as chess,
poker, baccarat, hex, or one-armed bandit. The aforementioned games lay solid foundations
for analogous mathematical models (e.g., hex), artificial intelligence algorithms (hex), theoretical analysis
of computational complexity attributable to various numerical problems (baccarat), as well
as illustration of several economic dilemmas - particularly in the case where the winner takes everything
(e.g., noughts and crosses). A certain gambling games, such as a horse racing, may be successfully
applied to verify a wide spectrum of market mechanism, for example, market effectiveness
or customer behavior in light of incoming information regarding a specific product. One of a lot applications
of the slot machine (one-armed bandit) is asymptotically efficient allocation rule, which was assigned
by T.L. Lai and H. Robbins (1985). In the next years, the rule was developed by another
and was named a multi-armed. The aim of the paper is to discuss these social games along with their
potential mathematical models, which are governed by the rules predominantly applicable to the social
and natural sciences.
Risk Management as a Basis for Integrated Water Cycle Management in Kazakhstan
Authors: Meyer Burghard , Lundy Lian , Watt John , Abdullaev Iskandar , Capilla Roma Jose E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Integrated Water Cycle Management (IWCM) aims to bring together a diversity of social, environmental, technological and economic aspects to implement sustainable water and land management systems. This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities facing Kazakhstan as it its efforts to move towards a more sustainable approach to managing its finite and highly stressed water resources. The use of a strategic-level risk governance framework to support a multi-disciplinary Kazakh-EU consortium in working collaboratively towards enhancing capacity and capability to address identified challenges is described. With a clear focus on addressing capacity building needs, a strong emphasis is placed on developing taught integrated water cycle management programmes through communication, stakeholder engagement and policy development including appropriate tools for managing the water issues including hydraulic models, GIS-based systems and scenario developments. Conclusions on the benefits of implementing an EU-style Water Framework Directive for Central Asia based on a risk management approach in Kazakhstan are formulated.
Preliminary Discussions on Impacts of Industrial Induced Factors on the Environment of Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekseitova R.T. , Veselova L.K. , Kasymkanova Kh.M. , Jangulova G.K. , Tumazhanova S. , Bektur B. , Beisembina G.T. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Many disturbances and changes in nature are caused by a number of human activities, such as mining engineering, town planning, and also by the influences of the activities connected to these indusries.
Central Kazakhstan is one of the regions of the Republic experiencing enormous pollution pressure caused by giant industry as the coal and metallurgical, mining and chemical and machine construction.
The article reviews main industrial induced factors that define the spatial distribution of negative processes in semi arid climate of Central Kazakhstan where the intensive mining works have been conducted since 1940s and have led to a change of relief formation, groundwater and soil contamination. The damaged areas occupy vast territories, significantly reducing the habitable space for the population of Central Kazakhstan.
The research examined two environmental components to assess and improve the ecological situation at the mining area: (a) land and water as economical component and (b) relief as main natural component.
Influence of heat transfer on corrosion behaviour of materials for radioactive waste canisters in synthetic bentonite pore water and bentonite suspension
Authors: Stoulil J. , Carreno Y.R. , Pavlova L. , Kouřil M. , Dobrev D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study is focused on an influence of heat transfer on corrosion behaviour of structural materials for radioactive waste canister in synthetic bentonite pore water and bentonite suspension. Experiments were carried out in special cell on cylindrical sample of carbon steel, copper, titanium-palladium alloy and two types of stainless steel. Samples were subjected in synthetic bentonite pore water to sixty-fold higher heat transfer compared to real repository, and approximately thirty-fold higher in bentonite suspension. Corrosion behaviour was observed in two-electrode setup with platinum wire as counter electrode by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed negligible effect of heat transfer compared to surface temperature.
Determination of selected properties and fracture toughness of HVOF coatings
Authors: Landová M. , Brezinová J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The article is aimed at evaluation of chosen properties of thermally sprayed coatings based on tungsten carbide. It was evaluated two types of coatings – WC-FeCrAl and WC-WB-Co. The coatings were deposited on basic material steel AISI 316L. The aim of experimental works was to determine the quality and resistance of coatings in corrosion environment depending on number of thermal cycles. The quality of coatings was evaluated by determination of their adhesion depending on thermal cycles, determination of microhardness and indentation fracture toughness. Coatings were exposed in tribo-corrosion conditions with the presence of 1% NaCl. The results of experimental showed a higher quality of coating WC-WB-Co.
Scanning capacitance microscopy characterization of AIIIBV epitaxial layers
Authors: Szyszka Adam , Obłąk Michał , Szymański Tomasz , Wośko Mateusz , Dawidowski Wojciech , Paszkiewicz Regina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The applicability of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) technique for chosen electrical properties characterization of AIIIBV structures fabricated by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) was examined. The calibration curves for quantitative characterization of doping levels in GaAs layers were created. The AlGaN/GaN/Si heterostructures for high electron mobility transistor fabrication and InGaAs tunnel junction for tandem solar cell characterization were presented. The crucial factors of measurement conditions which could influence the obtained results were also discussed.
Core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Wu Zhi Gang , Jia Yan Rong , Wang Jian , Guo Yang , Gao Jian Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCore-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres with dense, complete and nanoscaled silver shell were prepared by using a novel facile chemical reduction method without surface modification of silica at room temperature. The core-shell composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photocatalytic properties towards the degradation of methyl orange (Mo) of the prepared SiO2/Ag composites were also tested. The studies showed that the surface of SiO2microspheres was homogeneously and completely covered by Ag nanoparticles and the composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities. The possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of the silica-silver core-shell spheres were also discussed in this paper.
Thieno[3,2-c]Pyridine Complex of Ni(II) with Unusual Magnetic Properties
Authors: Miklovič Jozef , Baran Peter , Boča Roman 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThieno[3,2-c]pyridine (thpy) has been prepared in a free form and embodied into the [Ni(thpy)2(H2O)2(ac)2] complex as a ligand. The X-ray structure shows a molecular structure of the complex with Ni−O(ac) = 2.059, Ni−OH2 = 2.078, and Ni−N(thpy) = 2.124 Ǻ. Electronically the complex behaves like a compressed tetragonal bipyramid. The molecular units are linked into a complex system of hydrogen bonds. Two units show a π−π stacking of the aromatic rings (3.8 Ǻ). There are planes of tetragons formed of the nickel atom with the in-plane Ni...Ni separation of 7.74 Ǻ and the inter-plane Ni...Ni contacts at a = 9.65 Ǻ. The effective magnetic moment shows a gradual decrease on cooling from the room temperature and an abrupt drop below 20 K typical for the zero-field splitting of S = 1 systems. Above the room temperature the effective magnetic moment shows anomalies – a decrease and then an increase.