bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filming translation: Subtitling and adaptation in Jean-Luc Godard’s Contempt
Authors: Besnard-Scott Laurence 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Exploring the nature of the special relationship that links cinema and translation often means analysing the translational process through dubbing or subtitling, that is to say from source to target text or culture. This article aims to discuss the ways in which a multilingual page-to-screen adaptation is filmed. In the context of filming translation, dubbing may present characteristics that are not well-suited to the challenges presented by multilingual films, and none the more so than in one of the most fascinating films, Jean-Luc Godard’s Le Mépris/Contempt (1963), in which translation and adaptation are at the core of its discourse. First, I will demonstrate that the subtitling of the multilingual dialogues in Contempt questions the notion of film translation as mere literal reproduction or transparent transposition. Second, I will show that the multi-layered adaptation exposes Godard’s own interpretation of cinematic truth, ultimately presenting cinema as a metaphor for translation.
The new ‘Othello Music’: From the play text to opera, diegetic/non-diegetic soundtracks and popular music allusions
Authors: Rafferty Barclay 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article critically examines the relationship between Othello and music, from the play text to opera, popular music allusions, and diegetic and non-diegetic soundtracks, analysing its adaptability/inadaptability in various contexts, with a focus on the issue of race. It does this through the lenses of adaptation studies and the singular history that adaptations of Shakespeare’s work have. The central question addressed is: what do musical adaptations reveal about the adaptability of the play? What this article aims to achieve – and that which has not been undertaken previously – is to expand the lines of analysis from G. Wilson Knight’s conception of the ‘The Othello music’ to sustained consideration of musical adaptations across periods and media, combining a discussion of the Moor’s ‘musicality’ with re-representations of race, deducing whether or not it sits as uneasily in musical forms as it does in screen adaptations.
Adaptation as critique: Gender and politics in the plays of Effat Yehia and Amel Fadgy, Caridad Svich and Christine Evans
Authors: Rizk Laila 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article explores three adaptations of classical Greek stories/myths: Kan Ya Ma Kan/Once Upon a Time (2000), Iphigenia Crash Land Falls On The Neon Shell That Was Once Her Heart (a rave fable) (2004) and Trojan Barbie: A Car Crash Encounter with Euripides’ Trojan Women (2007). These adaptations seek to deconstruct ‘source’ texts by presenting new readings that challenge the dominant patriarchal and political discourses embedded in these myths. Even though the plays offer examples of different modes of adaptation, they all use myth as a catalyst to explore issues of gender and politics. The article examines these three feministoriented adaptations in order to explore the ways in which their theatrical practices illuminate and critique contemporary social and political issues.
Dual-mode spectral imaging system employing a focus variable lens
Authors: Förster Erik , Stürmer Moritz , Wallrabe Ulrike , Korvink Jan , Bohnert Patrick , Brunner Robert 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a dual-mode spectral imaging system, which allows switching between pure lateral imaging and the spectrally resolved recording of spatial information. The optical system was equipped with tunable functionalities in order to achieve high flexibility, cover a wide range of object distances, and address extended field angles. A fluidic membrane lens was used for the variable focus, and the recording of the laterally extended scene was made possible by successively adjusting the different tilting angles to the different object positions. The capability and performance of the spectral imaging system were assessed using various test scenes, with different aimed field positions and changing object distances.
Transient beam oscillation with a highly dynamic scanner for laser beam fusion cutting
Authors: Goppold Cindy , Pinder Thomas , Herwig Patrick 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Sheet metals with thicknesses >8 mm have a distinct cutting performance. The free choice of the optical configuration composed of fiber diameter, collimation, and focal length offers many opportunities to influence the static beam geometry. Previous analysis points out the limitations of this method in the thick section area. Within the present study, an experimental investigation of fiber laser fusion cutting of 12 mm stainless steel was performed by means of dynamical beam oscillation. Two standard optical setups are combined with a highly dynamic galvano-driven scanner that achieves frequencies up to 4 kHz. Dependencies of the scanner parameter, the optical circumstances, and the conventional cutting parameters are discussed. The aim is to characterize the capabilities and challenges of the dynamic beam shaping in comparison to the state-of-the-art static beam shaping. Thus, the trials are evaluated by quality criteria of the cut edge as surface roughness and burr height, the feed rate, and the cut kerf geometry. The investigation emphasizes promising procedural possibilities for improvements of the cutting performance in the case of fiber laser fusion cutting of thick stainless steel by means of the application of a highly dynamic scanner.
New feats of alkene and alkyne asymmetric hydroamination catalyzed by copper and rhodium hydrides
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHydroamination of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds is a useful C-N bond forming reaction as it leads to products (amines, imines, enamines) of high synthetic value. While the hydroamination of terminal alkenes and alkynes under metal catalysis has been widely developed, the corresponding reactions with internal substrates remain a challenge. Two recent studies by Buchwald and by Dong which focus on enantioselective hydroamination of internal alkenes and alkynes respectively are of significant importance. [43,44] The results reported broaden the scope of hydroamination as a useful C-N bond forming process and allow acess to chiral amines which are difficult to synthesize by other methods.
Computational Tools Applied to Enzyme Design − a review
Authors: García-Guevara Fernando , Avelar Mayra , Ayala Marcela , Segovia Lorenzo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe protein design toolbox has been greatly improved by the addition of enzyme computational simulations. Not only do they warrant a more ambitious and thorough exploration of sequence space, but a much higher number of variants and protein-ligand systems can be analyzed in silico compared to experimental engineering methods. Modern computational tools are being used to redesign and also for de novo generation of enzymes. These approaches are contingent on a deep understanding of the reaction mechanism and the enzyme’s three-dimensional structure coordinates, but the wealth of information produced by these analyses leads to greatly improved or even totally new types of catalysis.
Kaiser Justin II. (565–578) als Konsul auf Folles der Münzstätte Kyzikos
Authors: Stichel Damian , Stichel Rudolf H.W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article presents formerly unknown folles of emperor Justin II. with the letters COS preceeding the title Augustus,which were issued in his regnal years 5 (569/70) and 6 (570/71) at the Kyzikene mint. Already known coins of the same type minted in regnal year 3 can be associated with the well-documented, but mostly neglected second consulship of the emperor in 567 AD. Thus the new numismatic evidence apparently points to an unknown third consulship of Justin II. in 570 AD. This consideration is placedwithin the broader context of the history of the consulship and of relevant coin issues in the 6th century.
Monitoring free light chains in serum using mass spectrometry
Authors: Barnidge David R. , Dispenzieri Angela , Merlini Giampaolo , Katzmann Jerry A. , Murray David L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) are secreted into circulation by plasma cells as a by-product of immunoglobulin production. In a healthy individual the population of FLC is polyclonal as no single cell is secreting more FLC than the total immunoglobulin secreting cell population. In a person with a plasma cell dyscrasia, such as multiple myeloma (MM) or light chain amyloidosis (AL), a clonal population of plasma cells secretes a monoclonal light chain at a concentration above the normal polyclonal background.We recently showed that monoclonal immunoglobulin rapid accurate mass measurement (miRAMM) can be used to identify and quantify a monoclonal light chain (LC) in serum and urine above the polyclonal background. This was accomplished by reducing immunoglobulin disulfide bonds releasing the LC to be analyzed by microLC-ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Here we demonstrate that the methodology can also be applied to the detection and quantification of FLC by analyzing a non-reduced sample.Proof of concept experiments were performed using purified FLC spiked into normal serum to assess linearity and precision. In addition, a cohort of 27 patients with AL was analyzed and miRAMM was able to detect a monoclonal FLC in 23 of the 27 patients that had abnormal FLC values by immunonephelometry.The high resolution and high mass measurement accuracy provided by the mass spectrometry based methodology eliminates the need for κ/λ ratios as the method can quantitatively monitor the abundance of the κ and λ polyclonal background at the same time it measures the monoclonal FLC.
Involvement of MTHFR and TPMT genes in susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Mexicans
Authors: Gutiérrez-Álvarez Ossyneidee , Lares-Asseff Ismael , Galaviz-Hernández Carlos , Reyes-Espinoza Elio-Aarón , Almanza-Reyes Horacio , Sosa-Macías Martha , Chairez Hernández Isaías , Salas-Pacheco José-Manuel , Bailón-Soto Claudia E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background: Folate metabolism plays an essential role in the processes of DNA synthesis and methylation. Deviations in the folate flux resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding folate-dependent enzymes may affect the susceptibility to leukemia. This case-control study aimed to assess associations among MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) and TPMT (*2, *3A) mutations as well as to evaluate the synergistic effects of combined genotypes for both genes. Therefore, these genetic variants may lead to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) susceptibility, in a Mexican population study.

Methods: DNA samples obtained from 70 children with ALL and 152 age-matched controls (range, 1–15 years) were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect MTHFR C677T and A1298C and TPMT*2 and TPMT*3A genotypes.

Results: The frequency of the MTHFR A1298C CC genotype was statistically significant (odds ratio [OR], 6.48; 95% 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.26–33.2; p=0.025). In addition, the combined 677CC+1298AC genotype exhibited a statistically significant result (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06–0.82; p=0.023). No significant results were obtained from the MTHFR (C677T CT, C677T TT) or TPMT (*2, *3A) genotypes. More importantly, no association between the synergistic effects of either gene (MTHFR and/or TPMT) and susceptibility to ALL was found.

Conclusions: The MTHFR A1298C CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of developing childhood ALL. However, a decreased risk to ALL with the combination of MTHFR 677CC+1298AC genotypes was found.
The Reducible Life Imprisonment Standard from a Worldwide and European Perspective
Authors: Galliani Davide 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Life Imprisonment, unlike the death penalty, does not attract the attention of the doctrine. There are, however, significant developments in the European Court of Human Rights case law. In this paper, using a comparative methodology, we highlight the standard that, at international level, allows to consider Life Imprisonment compatible with human dignity-that is the right to a substantial judicial review. It is no longer acceptable that the ‘last word’ on the lifers’ early release is still entrusted to political power.
A Sequential Decomposition of the Drop in Collective Bargaining Coverage
Authors: Fitzenberger Bernd , Sommerfeld Katrin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnion representation has been in strong decline in most OECD countries with potentially important consequences for wages. What drives this decline? We try to answer this question by developing and implementing a detailed Fairlie decomposition approach. Using linked employer-employee data from the German Structure of Earnings Survey for 2001 and 2006, we document a sharp drop in collective bargaining coverage that amounts to 17 percentage points for males and 20 percentage points for females in West, and 8 and 14 percentage points, respectively, in East Germany. We find that neither changes in the characteristics nor changes in the coefficients associated with the characteristics as a whole provide an explanation for the drop in collective bargaining coverage. The drop in coverage is the result of an unexplained time trend.
Reducing the Feature Space Using Constraint-Governed Association Rule Mining
Authors:   Doreswamy, Salma M. Umme 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent advancements in science and technology and advances in the medical field have paved the way for the accumulation of huge amount of medical data in the digital repositories, where they are stored for future endeavors. Mining medical data is the most challenging task as the data are subjected to many social concerns and ethical issues. Moreover, medical data are more illegible as they contain many missing and misleading values and may sometimes be faulty. Thus, pre-processing tasks in medical data mining are of great importance, and the main focus is on feature selection, because the quality of the input determines the quality of the resultant data mining process. This paper provides insight to develop a feature selection process, where a data set subjected to constraint-governed association rule mining and interestingness measures results in a small feature subset capable of producing better classification results. From the results of the experimental study, the feature subset was reduced to more than 50% by applying syntax-governed constraints and dimensionality-governed constraints, and this resulted in a high-quality result. This approach yielded about 98% of classification accuracy for the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) data set.
Performance Evaluation of OWC Using Different Modulation Techniques
Authors: Goyal Heena , Saxena Jyoti , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, performance of an optical wireless communication (OWC) channel has been investigated using different modulation techniques such as phase shift keying (PSK), differential PSK (DPSK) and optical quadrature PSK (OQPSK). This investigation has been compared at a bit rate of 20 Gbps. The results are evaluated in terms of quality (Q) factor and bit error rate (BER) using different modulation techniques. It is observed that by using PSK modulation technique, the signal can travel up to 70 km transmission distance with acceptable BER of 3.48×10
Vertically transmitted cytomegalovirus infection in newborn preterm infants
Authors: Balcells Carla , Botet Francesc , Gayete Sònia , Marcos M Ángeles , Dorronsoro Izaskun , de Alba Concepción , Figueras-Aloy Josep , Castrillo Study Group  
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo determine the epidemiology of congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in preterm infants and to analyze the efficacy of breast milk freezing in decreasing the vertical transmission rate of CMV.During 2013 and 2014, preterm newborns who weighed ≤1500 g and were admitted to 22 Spanish neonatal units were included and screened for CMV infection according to the Spanish Neonatology Society recommendations. Each hospital treated the breast milk according to its own protocols.Among the 1236 preterm neonates included, 10 had a congenital infection (0.8%) and 49 had an acquired infection (4.0%) (82% demonstrated positive PCR-CMV in breast milk). The neonates who received only frozen milk presented less frequently with acquired infection (1.2%) than those fed fresh milk (5.5%) (RR=0.22; 95% CI 0.05–0.90; P=0.017). The newborns who received bank milk followed by frozen or fresh breast milk more frequently had an acquired infection (2.1% or 2.2%, respectively) than those fed only frozen breast milk.The incidence of congenital CMV infection in our sample is low, as described in the literature. To reduce acquired CMV infection, freezing breast milk might be an advisable procedure for preterm neonates born from seropositive mothers, either from the beginning of lactation or after a period of bank milk administration.
Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-3-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate, C16H16F6N3P
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qiang , Wang Wen-Hui , Ren Yun-Lai 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C16H16F6N3P, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.6414(8) Å, b = 20.755(2) Å, c = 10.1157(8) Å, β = 104.686(9)°, V = 1755.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0547, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1496, T = 291(2) K.
Cognition, Culture and Religion
Authors: Cresswell James , Rivas Rodrigo Farías 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The present paper is both a critical analysis of the reductive problems inherent in an evolutionary
approach that surfaces in the Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) and an appeal for an enactive turn that
can enhance CSR by better accounting for religious experience – i.e. the phenomenologically experienced
realities that are entailed in religious belief. First, we discuss CSR and a basic evolutionary presupposition:
that religious experience is based on a universal architecture designed by natural selection, which includes
the notion of domain-specific processing mechanisms. We then discuss how Cultural Psychologists
conceive of the ontogenetic role of culture by arguing that religious cognition does not solely develop out of
evolution. As we propose, CSR can be studied with a view to the evolution of cognition that can account for
the ontogenetic role of culture and language constituting phenomenologically immediate realities. Finally,
we discuss enactivism as an ideal alternative for such a shift. Enactivism conceives the relation between
the evolution of cognition and the ontogenetic role of culture as embodied: a non-reductive relation in
which cognition and culture shape each other. This approach allows for CSR that acknowledges the fact
that religious experiences constitute non-representational but lived experiences.
Mild cognitive impairment affects motor control and skill learning
Authors: Wu Qiaofeng , Chan John S.Y. , Yan Jin H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional phase between normal cognitive aging and dementia. As the world population is aging rapidly, more MCI patients will be identified, posing significant problems to society. Normal aging is associated with cognitive and motor decline, and MCI brings additional impairments. Compared to healthy older adults, MCI patients show poorer motor control in a variety of tasks. Efficient motor control and skill learning are essential for occupational and leisure purposes; degradation of motor behaviors in MCI patients often adversely affects their health and quality of life. In this article, we first define MCI and describe its pathology and neural correlates. After this, we review cognitive changes and motor control and skill learning in normal aging. This section is followed by a discussion of MCI-related degradation of motor behaviors. Finally, we propose that multicomponent interventions targeting both cognitive and motor domains can improve MCI patients’ motor functions. Future research directions are also raised.
ATR-101 disrupts mitochondrial functions in adrenocortical carcinoma cells and in vivo
Authors: Cheng Yunhui , Kerppola Raili Emilia , Kerppola Tom Klaus 
Published: February 2016

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) generally has poor prognosis. Existing treatments provide limited benefit for most patients with locally advanced or metastatic tumors. We investigated the mechanisms for the cytotoxicity, xenograft suppression, and adrenalytic activity of ATR-101 (PD132301-02), a prospective agent for ACC treatment. Oral administration of ATR-101 inhibited the establishment and impeded the growth of ACC-derived H295R cell xenografts in mice. ATR-101 induced H295R cell apoptosis in culture and in xenografts. ATR-101 caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen release, and ATP depletion within hours after exposure, followed by cytochrome c release, caspase-3/7 activation, and membrane permeabilization. The increase in mitochondrial membrane potential occurred concurrently with the decrease in cellular ATP levels. When combined with ATR-101, lipophilic free radical scavengers suppressed the reactive oxygen release, and glycolytic precursors prevented the ATP depletion, abrogating ATR-101 cytotoxicity. ATR-101 directly inhibited F1F0-ATPase activity and suppressed ATP synthesis in mitochondrial fractions. ATR-101 administration to guinea pigs caused oxidized lipofuscin accumulation in the zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex, implicating reactive oxygen release in the adrenalytic effect of ATR-101. These results support the development of ATR-101 and other adrenalytic compounds for the treatment of ACC.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Delayed Walking
Authors: Bishop Somer L. , Thurm Audrey , Farmer Cristan , Lord Catherine 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE:Delayed onset of independent walking is common in intellectual disability (ID). However, in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), delayed walking has not been reported as frequently, despite the high rate of concurrent ID in ASD. This study directly examined the relationship between delayed walking and severity of ID in children with ASD versus other non-ASD diagnoses.METHODParticipants were 1185 individuals (ASD, n = 903; non-ASD, n = 282) who received an assessment at age 4 to 12 years (6.89 ± 2.25) that yielded an estimate of nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) and retrospectively reported age of walking from the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised. The relationship between diagnostic group and delayed walking (defined as occurring at ≥16 months) as a function of NVIQ was explored using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS:Children with ASD were less likely to exhibit delayed walking than those with non-ASD diagnoses, and this difference was larger at lower levels of NVIQ (P = .002). For example, rates of delayed walking for ASD and non-ASD were 13% and 19%, respectively, in those with NVIQ &gt;85 but 31% and 60% in children with NVIQ &lt;70.CONCLUSIONS:Although lower IQ scores were associated with increased rates of late walking in both ASD and non-ASD groups, children with low IQ were more likely to show delayed walking in the absence of ASD. This raises the possibility of separate etiological pathways to ID in children with and without ASD.