bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bank Competition and Financial Stability: Evidence from the Financial Crisis
Authors: Akins Brian , Li Lynn , Ng Jeffrey , Rusticus Tjomme O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe examine the link between bank competition and financial stability using the recent financial crisis as the setting. We utilize variation in banking competition at the state level and find that banks facing less competition are more likely to engage in risky activities, more likely to face regulatory intervention, and more likely to fail. Focusing on the real estate market, we find that states with less competition had higher rates of mortgage approval, experienced greater inflation in housing prices before the crisis, and experienced a steeper decline in housing prices during the crisis. Overall, our study is consistent with greater competition increasing financial stability.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs and its relationship with psychological health and materialism
Authors: Saunders Shaun , Munro Don , Bore Miles 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMaslow's (1954) theory of a hierarchy of human needs has generated little research, perhaps because of the lack of specific, concrete operationalisation of concepts such as ‘psychological well-being’ and basic need satisfaction. The Need Satisfaction Inventory (NSI: Lester, 1990) was developed to measure basic need satisfaction and 157 undergraduate subjects completed both it and the Beck Depression (BDI) and Anxiety Inventories (BAI), as well as Spielberger's (1986) Anger-Expression questionnaire (AX). The latter three questionnaires represent an operationalisation of Spielberger, Ritterband, Sydeman, Reheiserdc Unger's (1995) notion that emotions act as indicators of psychological well-being. The hypothesis that scores on the NSI would be significantly correlated with the BDI, BAI, and AX was supported. Ss also completed the Richins and Dawson (1992) materialism index, and it was hypothesised that if hoarding material goods does in fact represent compensatory neurotic behaviour, then materialism would also be negatively correlated with the NSI. The hypothesis was confirmed, providing further evidence for Maslow's (1970) theory that basic need satisfaction is associated with psychological health. However, in the absence of norms for the NSI, there was no conclusive evidence to suggest that basic needs reside in a consistent, and strict global hierarchy.
Fault tolerance properties and motion planning of a six-legged robot with multiple faults
Authors: Du Hui , Gao Feng 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThe six-legged robot Octopus is designed for nuclear disaster relief missions. When the robot suffers from failures, its performance can be significantly affected. Thus, fault tolerance is essential for walking and operating in environments inaccessible to humans. The current fault-tolerant gaits for legged robots usually either initially lock the entire broken leg or just abandon the broken leg, but then fail to take full advantage of the normal actuators on the broken leg and add extra constraints. As the number of broken legs increases, the robot will no longer be able to walk using the existing fault-tolerant gaits. To solve this problem, screw theory is used for analyzing the remaining mobility after failure. Based on the analysis, a method of motion planning through fault-tolerant Jacobian matrices, which are linear, is presented. This method can enable the robot to accomplish desired movement using broken legs along with other certain concomitant motions as compensation. Finally, experiments and simulations of multiple faults demonstrate the real effects on the Octopus robot.
From Transnationalism to Olympic Internationalism: Polish Medical Experts and International Scientific Exchange, 1885–1939
Authors: KREUDER-SONNEN KATHARINA 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe article analyses forms of international scientific exchange practised by Polish medical experts around 1900. Applying a transnational historiographical approach it asks whether and how the Polish nation mattered to Polish bacteriologists and epidemiologists travelling abroad or communicating with colleagues internationally. It shows that in the 1880s and 1890s the Warsaw bacteriologist Odo Bujwid rarely connected his scientific knowledge to Polish national causes but rather benefited from imperial structures. What was more, he transcended the borders between the two nationalised bacteriological thought styles of Louis Pasteur on the one hand and Robert Koch on the other. Bujwid thus eluded a clear link between science and nationalism. His practices of international scientific exchange can be called ‘transnational’. When a Polish state was re-established in 1918 bacteriology and epidemiology became closely entwined with Polish state- and nation-building. Polish medical scientists now worked for Polish state institutions and acted as state representatives in the international arena. International exchange and border-crossing scientific mobility now served, first of all, to underline Polish statehood and to present it as a modern and civilised country. These practices of international scientific exchange can be described as ‘Olympic Internationalism’.
The Dangers of ‘Going Native’: George Montandon in Siberia and the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1919–1922
Authors: PIANA FRANCESCA 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on humanitarians by studying the interactions between the International Committee of the Red Cross and one of his delegates, George Montandon, between 1919 and 1922. Montandon was charged with a fact-finding mission in Siberia that set the basis for larger repatriation plans on behalf of prisoners of war from the Central Powers. This article explores the nature and circulation of expertise – formal and informal – in connection with Montandon's private and professional life before the mission, during the mission itself and once the mission was over. Being a delegate for the ICRC was not a profession but rather a break from established professions as doctors, military officers and scholars in Switzerland. However, experts associated with the work of the Geneva organisation at the headquarters and at the ground level brought a vast set of skills to international humanitarianism. Through a spectrum of transnational connections and networks, at the end of the First World War the ICRC experienced processes of specialisation and standardisation of tasks which had already started in wartime. This article argues that the impulse towards an increasing professionalisation of humanitarianism ‘clashed’ with the ambiguities of the ICRC's mandate, on the one hand, and the tensions between the agency of individual relief workers and the institutions they represented, on the other.
‘A Jolly Romp We Were Always Destined to Win’: The BBC's’Allo ’Allo!and British Memories of Downed Aircrew in Occupied France during the Second World War
Authors: DEACON VALERIE 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe long-running BBC sitcom,’Allo ’Allo!, has been thoroughly criticised for its use of various racial, gendered and sexualised tropes, not to mention its cynical view of the French experience of the Second World War. This article, however, reassesses the programme in light of what it highlights about the lived experience of Anglo-American airmen who were forced to bale from their planes over Occupied France. It uses the comedic aspects of the programme to investigate escape and evasion training, the use of language, ‘fitting in’ and the prominence of peasants in the wartime lives of Anglo-American aircrews in France. The programme, rather than being just another example of Gaullophobia, accurately represents some elements of the Second World War in France. In addition, changes in the plot over its nine seasons suggest that the sitcom reflects broader British concerns, as well as the Anglo-French relationship.
RESTRICTIVENESS RELATIVE TO NOTIONS OF INTERPRETATION
Authors: INCURVATI LUCA , LÖWE BENEDIKT 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMaddy gave a semi-formal account of restrictiveness by defining a formal notion based on a class of interpretations and explaining how to handle false positives and false negatives. Recently, Hamkins pointed out some structural issues with Maddy’s definition. We look at Maddy’s formal definitions from the point of view of an abstract interpretation relation. We consider various candidates for this interpretation relation, including one that is close to Maddy’s original notion, but fixes the issues raised by Hamkins. Our work brings to light additional structural issues that we also discuss.
Highly tunable exchange in donor qubits in silicon
Authors: Wang Yu , Tankasala Archana , Hollenberg Lloyd C L , Klimeck Gerhard , Simmons Michelle Y , Rahman Rajib 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this article we have investigated the electrical control of the exchange coupling (J) between donor-bound electrons in silicon with a detuning gate bias, crucial for the implementation of the two-qubit gate in a silicon quantum computer. We found that the asymmetric 2P–1P system provides a highly tunable exchange curve with mitigated J-oscillation, in which 5 orders of magnitude change in the exchange coupling can be achieved using a modest range of electric field (3 MV/m) for ~15-nm qubit separation. Compared with the barrier gate control of exchange in the Kane qubit, the detuning gate design reduces the gate density by a factor of ~2. By combining large-scale atomistic tight-binding method with a full configuration interaction technique, we captured the full two-electron spectrum of gated donors, providing state-of-the-art calculations of exchange energy in 1P–1P and 2P–1P qubits.
Limitations and tradeoffs in synchronization of large-scale networks with uncertain links
Authors: Diwadkar Amit , Vaidya Umesh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe synchronization of nonlinear systems connected over large-scale networks has gained popularity in a variety of applications, such as power grids, sensor networks and biology. Stochastic uncertainty in the interconnections is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in these physical and biological networks. We provide a size-independent network sufficient condition for the synchronization of scalar nonlinear systems with stochastic linear interactions over large-scale networks. This sufficient condition, expressed in terms of nonlinear dynamics, the Laplacian eigenvalues of the nominal interconnections and the variance and location of the stochastic uncertainty, allows us to define a synchronization margin. We provide an analytical characterization of important trade-offs between the internal nonlinear dynamics, network topology and uncertainty in synchronization. For nearest neighbour networks, the existence of an optimal number of neighbours with a maximum synchronization margin is demonstrated. An analytical formula for the optimal gain that produces the maximum synchronization margin allows us to compare the synchronization properties of various complex network topologies.
An eco-epidemiological study of Morbilli-related paramyxovirus infection in Madagascar bats reveals host-switching as the dominant macro-evolutionary mechanism
Authors: Mélade Julien , Wieseke Nicolas , Ramasindrazana Beza , Flores Olivier , Lagadec Erwan , Gomard Yann , Goodman Steven M. , Dellagi Koussay , Pascalis Hervé 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn eco-epidemiological investigation was carried out on Madagascar bat communities to better understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental factors that affect virus transmission among bat species in closely related members of the genusMorbillivirus, currently referred to asUnclassified Morbilli-related paramyxoviruses(UMRVs). A total of 947 bats were investigated originating from 52 capture sites (22 caves, 18 buildings, and 12 outdoor sites) distributed over different bioclimatic zones of the island. Using RT-PCR targeting the L-polymerase gene of theParamyxoviridaefamily, we found that 10.5% of sampled bats were infected, representing six out of seven families and 15 out of 31 species analyzed. Univariate analysis indicates that both abiotic and biotic factors may promote viral infection. Using generalized linear modeling ofUMRVinfection overlaid on biotic and abiotic variables, we demonstrate that sympatric occurrence of bats is a major factor for virus transmission. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all paramyxoviruses infecting Malagasy bats areUMRVsand showed little host specificity. Analyses using the maximum parsimony reconciliation tool CoRe-PA, indicate that host-switching, rather than co-speciation, is the dominant macro-evolutionary mechanism ofUMRVsamong Malagasy bats.
Cymatics for the cloaking of flexural vibrations in a structured plate
Authors: Misseroni D. , Colquitt D. J. , Movchan A. B. , Movchan N. V. , Jones I. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBased on rigorous theoretical findings, we present a proof-of-concept design for a structured square cloak enclosing a void in an elastic lattice. We implement high-precision fabrication and experimental testing of an elastic invisibility cloak for flexural waves in a mechanical lattice. This is accompanied by verifications and numerical modelling performed through finite element simulations. The primary advantage of our square lattice cloak, over other designs, is the straightforward implementation and the ease of construction. The elastic lattice cloak, implemented experimentally, shows high efficiency.
Overlapping Community Detection based on Network Decomposition
Authors: Ding Zhuanlian , Zhang Xingyi , Sun Dengdi , Luo Bin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCommunity detection in complex network has become a vital step to understand the structure and dynamics of networks in various fields. However, traditional node clustering and relatively new proposed link clustering methods have inherent drawbacks to discover overlapping communities. Node clustering is inadequate to capture the pervasive overlaps, while link clustering is often criticized due to the high computational cost and ambiguous definition of communities. So, overlapping community detection is still a formidable challenge. In this work, we propose a new overlapping community detection algorithm based on network decomposition, called NDOCD. Specifically, NDOCD iteratively splits the network by removing all links in derived link communities, which are identified by utilizing node clustering technique. The network decomposition contributes to reducing the computation time and noise link elimination conduces to improving the quality of obtained communities. Besides, we employ node clustering technique rather than link similarity measure to discover link communities, thus NDOCD avoids an ambiguous definition of community and becomes less time-consuming. We test our approach on both synthetic and real-world networks. Results demonstrate the superior performance of our approach both in computation time and accuracy compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Genetic architecture and mechanism of seed number per pod in rapeseed: elucidated through linkage and near-isogenic line analysis
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Shi Jiaqin , Wang Xinfa , Liu Guihua , Wang Hanzhong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeed number per pod (SNPP) is one of the major yield components and breeding targets in rapeseed that shows great variation and is invaluable for genetic improvement. To elucidate the genetic architecture and uncover the mechanism of SNPP, we identified five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using the BnaZNRIL population, which were integrated with those of previous studies by physical map to demonstrate a complex and relatively complete genetic architecture of SNPP. A major QTL, qSN.A6, was successfully fine-mapped from 1910 to 267 kb using near-isogenic line (NIL). In addition, qSN.A6 exhibited an antagonistic pleiotropy on seed weight (SW), which is caused by a physiological interaction in which SNPP acts “upstream” of SW. Because the negative effect of qSN.A6 on SW cannot fully counteract its positive effect on SNPP, it also enhanced the final yield (17.4%), indicating its great potential for utilization in breeding. The following genetic and cytological experiments further confirmed that the different rate of ovule abortion was responsible for the ~5 seed difference between Zhongshuang11 and NIL-qSN.A6. This systematic approach to dissecting the comprehensive genetic architecture of SNPP and characterizing the underlying mechanism has advanced the understanding of SNPP and will facilitate the development of high-yield cultivars.
Treatment with hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments completely protects rodents from Ebola virus infection
Authors: Zheng Xuexing , Wong Gary , Zhao Yongkun , Wang Hualei , He Shihua , Bi Yuhai , Chen Weijin , Jin Hongli , Gai Weiwei , Chu Di , Cao Zengguo , Wang Chong , Fan Quanshui , Chi Hang , Gao Yuwei , Wang Tiecheng , Feng Na , Yan Feihu , Huang Geng , Zheng Ying , Li Nan , Li Yuetao , Qian Jun , Zou Yong , Kobinger Gary , Gao George Fu , Qiu Xiangguo , Yang Songtao , Xia Xianzhu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent successes with monoclonal antibody cocktails ZMappTM and MIL77 against Ebola virus (EBOV) infections have reignited interest in antibody-based therapeutics. Since the production process for monoclonal antibodies can be prolonged and costly, alternative treatments should be investigated. We produced purified equine antisera from horses hyperimmunized with EBOV virus-like particles, and tested the post-exposure efficacy of the antisera in a mouse model of infection. BALB/c mice were given up to 2 mg of purified equine antisera per animal, at 30 minutes, 1 or 2 days post-infection (dpi), in which all animals survived. To decrease the possibility of serum sickness, the equine antisera was digested with pepsin to generate F(ab′)2 fragments, with in vitro neutralizing activity comparable to whole immunoglobulin. Full protection was achieved with when treatment was initiated at 1 dpi, but the suboptimal protection observed with the 30 minute and 2 dpi groups demonstrate that in addition to virus neutralization, other Fc-dependent antibody mechanisms may also contribute to survival. Guinea pigs given 20 mg of antisera or F(ab′)2 at or starting at 1 or 2 dpi were also fully protected from EBOV infection. These results justify future efficacy studies for purified equine products in NHPs.
Incorporation of Fucoidan in β-Tricalcium phosphate-Chitosan scaffold prompts the differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells into osteogenic lineage
Authors: Puvaneswary Subramaniam , Raghavendran Hanumantharao Balaji , Talebian Sepehr , Murali Malliga Raman , A Mahmod Suhaeb , Singh Simmrat , Kamarul Tunku 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn our previous study, we reported the fabrication and characterization of a novel tricalcium phosphate-fucoidan-chitosan (TCP-Fu-Ch) biocomposite scaffold. However, the previous report did not show whether the biocomposite scaffold can exhibit osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in osteogenic media and normal media supplemented with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). On day 15, the release of osteocalcin, was significant in the TCP-Fu-Ch scaffold, when compared with that in the TCP-Ch scaffold and the level of release was approximately 8 and 6 ng/ml in osteogenic and normal media supplemented with PDGF-BB, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of the TCP-Fu-Ch scaffold demonstrated mineralization and apatite layer formation on day 14, while the addition of PDGF-BB also improved the osteogenic differentiation of the scaffold. An array of gene expression analysis demonstrated that TCP-Fu-Ch scaffold cultured in osteogenic and normal media supplemented with PDGF-BB showed significant improvement in the expression of collagen 1, Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteonectin, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, alkaline phosphatase and PPA2, but a decline in the expression of integrin. Altogether, the present study demonstrated that fucoidan-incorporated TCP-Ch scaffold could be used in the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and can be a potential candidate for the treatment of bone-related ailments through tissue engineering technology.
Ontogeny of sex differences in the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Rose K. A. , Bates K. T. , Nudds R. L. , Codd J. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSex differences in locomotor performance may precede the onset of sexual maturity and/or arise concomitantly with secondary sex characteristics. Here, we present the first study to quantify the terrestrial locomotor morphology, energetics and kinematics in a species, either side of sexual maturation. In domestic leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) sexual maturation brings about permanent female gravidity and increased male hind limb muscle mass. We found that the sexes of a juvenile cohort of leghorns shared similar maximum sustainable speeds, while in a sexually mature cohort maximum sustainable speeds were greater by 67% (males) and 34% (females). Furthermore, relative to that in juveniles of the same sex, the absolute duration of leg swing was longer in mature males and shorter in mature females. Consequently, the proportion of a stride that each limb was in contact with the ground (duty factor) was higher in sexually mature females compared to males. Modulation of the duty factor with the development of secondary sex characteristics may act to minimize mechanical work in males; and minimise mechanical power and/or peak force in females. A greater incremental response of mass-specific metabolic power to speed in males compared to females was common to both age cohorts and, therefore, likely results from physiological sexual dimorphisms that precede sexual maturation.
Major Bleeding in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Impact of Time in Therapeutic Range on Contemporary Bleeding Risk Scores
Authors: Proietti Marco , Senoo Keitaro , Lane Deirdre A. , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBleeding risk represents a major concern in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Several bleeding prediction scores have been described: HAS-BLED, ATRIA, HEMORR2HAGES and ORBIT. Of these, only HAS-BLED considers quality of anticoagulation control amongst vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users. We hypothesised that predictive value of bleeding risk scores other than HAS-BLED could be improved incorporating time in therapeutic range (TTR) in warfarin-treated patients. Of the 127 adjudicated major bleeding events, 21.3% of events occurred in ‘low-risk’ HAS-BLED category (1.8 per 100 patient-years), compared to higher proportions (≥50% of events; ~2.5 per 100 patient-years) in ‘low-risk’ categories for other scores. Only the ‘low-risk’ HAS-BLED category was associated with the absence of investigator-defined major bleeding events (OR: 1.46;95% CI: 1.00–2.15). ‘High’ or ‘medium/high’ risk categories for the HAS-BLED (p = 0.023) or ORBIT (p = 0.022) scores, respectively, conferred significant risk for adjudicated major bleeding events. On Cox regression analysis, adjudicated major bleeding was associated only with HAS-BLED (HR: 1.62;95% CI: 1.06–2.48) and ORBIT (HR: 1.83;95% CI: 1.08–3.09) ‘high-risk’ categories. Adding ‘labile INR’ (TTR < 65%) to ORBIT, ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES significantly improved their reclassification and discriminatory performances. In conclusion, HAS-BLED categorised adjudicated major bleeding events in low-risk and high-risk patients appropriately, whilst ORBIT and ATRIA categorised most major bleeds into their ‘low-risk’ patient categories. Adding TTR to ORBIT, ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES led to improved predictive performance for major bleeding.