bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron Encapsulation in Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions: Effect of Ferrous Sulfate Concentration and Fat Crystal Formation on Oxidative Stability
Authors: Prichapan Nattapong , McClements David Julian , Klinkesorn Utai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIron deficiency is a major global human health concern. Encapsulation of iron in functional food products may help to solve this problem. However, iron is highly reactive and may promote rapid lipid oxidation in fatty foods. In this study, the effect of ferrous sulfate (0.1 to 0.5 wt%) and rice bran stearin (0 or 30 wt%) on the physical properties, oxidative stability, and encapsulation efficiency of 20 wt% water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions stabilized with polyglycerol polyricinoleate was investigated. In the presence of rice bran stearin crystals in the continuous oil phase, W/O emulsions had smaller mean droplet diameters (d∼ 250 nm) and better physical stability than its absence (d∼ 330 nm). An increase in the ferrous sulfate concentration in the water droplets led to a decrease in the oxidative stability of the W/O emulsions. However, the presence of rice bran stearin significantly (P≤ 0.05) improved their oxidative stability. Moreover, addition of rice bran stearin also significantly (P≤ 0.05) improved the encapsulation efficiency and delayed ferrous sulfate release from the W/O emulsions. The impact of pH and ionic strength on the encapsulation efficiency of the W/O emulsion was also investigated. Ionic strength affected the encapsulation efficiency much more than pH. The W/O emulsions created in the present study may be useful for the encapsulation and delivery of iron and other water‐soluble nutrients into food products.Practical ApplicationWater‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions may be used to encapsulate, protect, and deliver water‐soluble bioactive compounds or nutrients into food products. In this study, W/O emulsions stabilized using an oil‐soluble surfactant (polyglycerol polyricinoleate, PGPR) and fat crystal network (rice bran stearin) were shown to be useful for encapsulation and delivery of iron into foods. This strategy may be a promising approach to reduce iron deficiency, a major nutritional deficiency for people with inadequate food supplies.
Cross‐Mapping of Nursing Care Terms Recorded in Italian Hospitals into the Standardized NNN Terminology
Authors: D'Agostino Fabio , Zeffiro Valentina , Vellone Ercole , Ausili Davide , Belsito Romina , Leto Antonella , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: January 2018

PURPOSETo evaluate if nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes, as recorded by nurses in Italian hospitals, were semantically equivalent to the NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC (NNN) terminology.METHODSA cross‐mapping study using a multicenter design. Terms indicating nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes were collected using the D‐Catch instrument. Cross‐mapping of these terms with NNN terminology was performed.FINDINGSA sample of 137 nursing documentations was included. Over 80% of nursing diagnostic terms, interventions, and outcomes were cross‐mapped into NNN terminology.CONCLUSIONSThe study showed that most of the natural terms used by nurses were semantically equivalent to the standardized terms of NNN terminology.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEIn Italy, the use of NNN terminology is recommended; however, further development of this terminology is needed.
Complications in obstetric anaesthesia
Authors: Maronge L. , Bogod D. 
Published: January 2018

Summary‘Obstetric anaesthesia is a litigious area of medical practice – patient expectations are high, and many of the interventions undertaken by anaesthetists are performed urgently or emergently, frequently out of hours. The complications that occur during obstetric practice are not unique to this area of anaesthesia, but some of the physiological and anatomical changes that take place during pregnancy can affect the frequency with which these happen. In this narrative review, we hope to cover a few of the more common complications in obstetric anaesthesia, as well as some of the more severe, yet less frequently occurring problems.
Peri‐operative neurological complications
Authors: Hood R. , Budd A. , Sorond F. A. , Hogue C. W. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBrain injury from cardiac surgery is an important source of patient morbidity and mortality. The relationship between risk of brain injury and advanced age portends a rising frequency of these complications due to an increasing proportion of elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review will explore the aetiology and risk factors for peri‐operative stroke, postoperative cognitive dysfunction and postoperative delirium. The prevention of each of these conditions will also be discussed, with a focus on brain protection strategies and the avoidance of cerebral embolism and hypoperfusion.
Opioid medication use in patients with gastrointestinal diagnoses vs unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in the US Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Sayuk G. S. , Kanuri N. , Gyawali C. P. , Gott B. M. , Nix B. D. , Rosenheck R. A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundWhile opioid prescriptions have increased alarmingly in the United States (US), their use for unexplained chronic gastrointestinal (GI) pain (eg, irritable bowel syndrome) carries an especially high risk for adverse effects and questionable benefit.AimTo compare opioid use among US veterans with structural GI diagnoses (SGID) and those with unexplained GI symptoms or functional GI diagnoses (FGID), a group for whom opioids have no accepted role.MethodsVeterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data from fiscal year 2012 were used to identify veterans with diagnostic codes recorded for SGID and FGID. This cohort study examined VHA pharmacy data to compare groups receiving ≥ 1 opioid prescription during the year and number of prescriptions filled. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounding factors (demographics, medical diagnoses, social factors) and identified potential mediators (service use, psychiatric comorbidity) of opioid use in these groups.ResultsA greater proportion of veterans with FGID received an opioid prescription during fiscal year 2012 (36.0% of 272 431) compared to only 28.9% of 1 223 744 in the SGID group (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.25). In multivariate logistic regression, personality disorders and drug abuse (OR 1.23 for each group), recent homelessness (OR 1.22), psychotropic medication fills (OR 1.55) and emergency department encounters (OR 1.21) were independently associated with opioid prescription use.ConclusionsDespite the potential for adverse consequences, opioids more often are prescribed for veterans with chronic, unexplained GI symptoms compared to those with structural diagnoses. Psychiatric comorbidities and frequent healthcare encounters mediate some of the opioid use risk.
Effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula on ruminal fermentation, enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Song Zhen‐hui , Cao Li‐ting , Wang Yong , Zhou Wen‐zhang , Zhou Pei , Zuo Fu‐yuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) combined with several herbs on ruminal fermentation, enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility. Twenty finishing bulls were assigned to control or different TCMFs (Yufeisan‐1, ‐2, ‐3; 2.5% dry matter (DM) in concentrate). Results showed that DM intake was higher (P < 0.05) in the Yufeisan‐3 group than others. Compared to control, apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were increased (P < 0.05) by Yufeisan‐3. No changes were observed in ruminal pH, concentrations of ammonia‐N, microbial crude protein and total volatile fatty acid, whereas ratio of acetate to propionate was lower (P < 0.05) and propionate proportion tended to be higher (P < 0.1) in three TCMFs than control. Ruminal xylanase (P = 0.061) and carboxymethylcellulase (P < 0.05) activities were higher in Yufeisan‐3 than control. No changes were observed in abundance of total bacteria, fungi and protozoa, whereas Fibrobacter succinogenes (P = 0.062) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P < 0.05) were increased and total methanogens was reduced (P = 0.069) by Yufeisan‐3 compared to control. Yufeisan‐3 improved nutrient digestibility and ruminal enzyme activity, and modified fermentation and microbial community, maybe due to the presence of Herba agastaches, Cortex phellodendri and Gypsum fibrosum.
Protocadherin‐8 promotes invasion and metastasis via laminin subunit γ2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Lin Ying , Ge Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xiaofei , Wu Zheng , Liu Kaiyi , Lin Fengjuan , Dai Congqi , Guo Weijian , Li Jin 
Published: January 2018

Growing evidence suggests that protocadherins (PCDH) play crucial roles in pathogenesis and progression of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Protocadherin‐8 (PCDH8) was previously reported to be involved in metastasis of GC, but functional studies yielded inconsistent results and the molecular mechanism remained unknown. The present study aimed to explore the clinical relevance, function and molecular mechanism of PCDH8 in GC. Data from the GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier plotter databases showed that high expression of PCDH8 was significantly correlated with poorer prognosis in GC. Ectopic expression of PCDH8 in GC cells promoted invasion and migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo, and knockdown of PCDH8 inhibited invasion and migration in vitro. RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analysis found a remarkable enrichment in the extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathway, with the expression of laminin subunit γ2 (LAMC2) being significantly increased in the PCDH8‐overexpressing group. High expression of LAMC2 was significantly correlated to poor prognosis in GC in GEPIA database. Upregulation of LAMC2 following PCDH8 overexpression was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry in liver metastatic lesions of nude mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the metastasis‐enhancing property and molecular mechanism through upregulation of LAMC2 of PCDH8 in cancer. High expression of PCDH8 could be used as a biomarker for poor prognosis in clinical practice.
Genetics of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Authors: David T , Ling S F , Barton A 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are characterized by dysregulation of the normal immune response, which leads to inflammation. Together, they account for a high disease burden in the population, given that they are usually chronic conditions with associated co-morbidities. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes. Since the advent of genome-wide association studies, evidence of considerable genetic overlap in the loci predisposing to a wide range of IMIDs has emerged. Understanding the genetic risk and extent of genetic overlap between IMIDs may help to determine which genes control which aspects of the different diseases; it may identify potential novel therapeutic targets for a number of these conditions, and/or it may facilitate repurposing existing therapies developed originally for different conditions. The findings show that autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases cluster more closely with each other than autoantibody-negative diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis which, instead, form a seronegative genetic cluster. The genetic clustering largely mirrors the known response to existing biological therapies, but apparent anomalies in treatment response are discussed.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Issues in Supply Chain Competition: Should Greenwashing Be Regulated?
Authors: Lee Ho Cheung Brian , Cruz Jose M. , Shankar Ramesh 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has been treated as an instrument to differentiate firms in a competitive market. However, due to the credence good nature of CSR, when considering product quality dimension, firms can only signal their quality through advertising or labeling. These signaling mechanisms may be exploited by some dishonest firms who claim to be green (“greenwashing”). Many critics argue that greenwashing needs to be regulated because it deceives the market and discourages firms from going genuinely green. In this article, instead of focusing on the ethical side of this issue, we try to explore the market outcome from an economic perspective. We show that regulating greenwashing may not necessarily increase the positive environmental externality of green products. In particular, even if greenwashing is regulated, firms may not act green when the additional CSR cost is too high or when the corresponding CSR issue is not as important. On the other hand, we find that allowing greenwashing may incentivize some firms to go genuinely green as long as there are some informed customers in the market.
Electronic registry for the management of childhood obesity in Greece
Authors: Kassari Penio , Papaioannou Panagiotis , Billiris Antonis , Karanikas Haralampos , Eleftheriou Stergiani , Thireos Eleftherios , Manios Yannis , Chrousos George P. , Charmandari Evangelia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundObesity in childhood and adolescence represents a major health problem in our century. In Greece, more than 30%‐35% of children and adolescents are either overweight or obese.Materials and methodsUsing information and communication technologies, we developed a “National Registry for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence” for guidance and training of Pediatricians and General Practitioners. The application supports interoperability with other national infrastructures and multi‐layered security spanning preventive, detective and administrative controls. The Patient Summary Dataset includes information on medical history, family history, medications, immunizations, clinical examination and laboratory findings and appointment booking service.ResultsThe application was launched in September 2015 and is accessible by: http://app.childhood-obesity.gr/. Based on the data that the doctor registers, the system calculates a personalized therapeutic algorithm that provides information on diet, physical exercise and sleep, as well as guidance on laboratory investigations and referral to specialized centres. A pilot study performed in 1270 children and adolescents indicated that using this system resulted in a reduction in obesity rates by 30% and overweight rates by 35% within 1 year.ConclusionsThis National e‐Health System appears to be effective in the management of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence.
Nudging using the ‘dish of the day’ strategy does not work for plant‐based meals in a Danish sample of adolescent and older people
Authors: dos Santos Quenia , Nogueira Bárbara Melo , Rodrigues Vanessa Mello , Hartwell Heather , Giboreau Agnes , Monteleone Erminio , Dinnella Caterina , Perez‐Cueto Federico Ja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdequate nutrition is an important factor for health and well‐being in adolescents and later years. Fruits and vegetables are part of a healthy diet as important source of nutrients, but their intakes are lower than the recommendations in European countries. This study aimed to compare the choices made by adolescents and older people between three similar dishes, one based on meat, one on fish and one on vegetables, in two different conditions: a neutral (control) situation and an intervention situation in which the vegetable‐based meal was designated ‘dish of the day’. The comparisons of choices will be made within the same age group (adolescents in the control group vs. adolescents in the intervention group; older people in the control group vs. older people in the intervention group). A quasi‐randomised field trial design was used with a sample of 94 adolescents (aged 10–19 years) and 97 older people (aged ≥65 years), who were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. In the control situation participants were asked to choose between three similar meals, one meat, one fish and one the VeggiEat dish. In the intervention, the VeggiEat dish was labelled the ‘Dish of the day’. All dishes were provided free of charge, displayed side by side in the same order and served in same portions. The dish choices showed no differences between the control and intervention groups in both age groups, and no differences were found among the other variables analysed. This nudging strategy, ‘dish of the day’, seems not to work for the Danish sample of adolescents and older people. Future nudging studies with these populations are needed in order to find the best strategy to move adolescents' and older people's food habits toward a healthier pattern.
HLA‐DR+ NK cells are mostly characterized by less mature phenotype and high functional activity
Authors: Erokhina Sofya A , Streltsova Maria A , Kanevskiy Leonid M , Telford William G , Sapozhnikov Alexander M , Kovalenko Elena I 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNK cells change their phenotype and functional characteristics during activation. In this work, we searched for a relationship of HLA‐DR expression with differentiation stages and functional activity of NK cells ex vivo and stimulated in vitro with IL‐2 challenged with gene modified feeder K562 cells expressing membrane‐bound IL‐21 (K562‐mbIL21). This stimulation technique has been described for NK cell expansion in clinical use. We have observed that HLA‐DR expression in freshly isolated circulating NK cells was mostly associated with less differentiated CD56brightCD57– cells, although in some individuals it could also be found in terminally differentiated CD57+ cells. Ex vivo HLA‐DR+ NK cells possessed better capacity to produce IFN‐γ in response to cytokine stimulation compared to their HLA‐DR– counterparts. In vitro activation with IL‐2 and K562‐mbIL21 induces an increase in HLA‐DR‐positive NK cell proportion, again mostly among CD56brightCD57– NK cells. This happened in particular due to appearance of HLA‐DR+ expression de novo in HLA‐DR‐negative cells. Acquired in vitro HLA‐DR expression was associated with NK cell proliferation activity, more intense cytokine‐induced IFN‐γ production, increased degranulation toward feeder cells, and higher expression of CD86 and NKG2D. Thus, stimulation with IL‐2/K562‐mbIL21 causes a significant phenotype and functional shift during NK cell activation and expansion.
Separate roles of IL‐6 and oncostatin M in mouse macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Dubey Anisha , Izakelian Laura , Ayaub Ehab A , Ho Lilian , Stephenson Kyle , Wong Steven , Kwofie Karen , Austin Richard C , Botelho Fernando , Ask Kjetil , Richards Carl D 
Published: January 2018

AbstractArginase‐1 (Arg‐1)‐expressing M2‐like macrophages are associated with Th2‐skewed immune responses, allergic airway pathology, ectopic B16 melanoma cancer growth in murine models, and can be induced by Oncostatin M (OSM) transient overexpression in vivo. Here, we compare OSM to the gp130‐cytokine IL‐6 in mediating macrophage polarization, and find that IL‐6 overexpression alone (Ad vector, AdIL‐6) did not induce Arg‐1 protein in mouse lungs at day 7, nor ectopic melanoma tumor growth at day 14, in contrast to overexpression of OSM (AdOSM). AdOSM elevated levels of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas AdIL‐6 did not. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages respond with Arg‐1 enzymatic activity to M2 stimuli (IL‐4/IL‐13), which was further elevated in combination with IL‐6 stimulation; however, OSM or LIF had no detectable activity in vitro. Arg‐1 mRNA expression induced by AdOSM was attenuated in IL‐6‐/‐ and STAT6‐/‐ mice, suggesting requirements for both IL‐6 and IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling in vivo. Ectopic B16 tumor burden was also reduced in IL‐6‐/‐ mice. Thus, OSM induces Arg‐1+ macrophage accumulation indirectly through elevation of Th2 cytokines and IL‐6 in vivo, whereas IL‐6 acts directly on macrophages but requires a Th2 microenvironment, demonstrating distinct roles for OSM and IL‐6 in M2 macrophage polarization.
Intestinal overexpression of interleukin (IL)‐15 promotes tissue eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia
Authors: Mussarat Ahad , Manohar Murli , Verma Alok K , Upparahalli Venkateshaiah Sathisha , Zaidi Asifa , Sanders Nathan L , Zhu Xiang , Mishra Anil 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐15 overexpression in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders is reported, but IL‐15′s role in promoting eosinophilic gastroenteritis is largely unknown. Therefore, we generated enterocyte‐overexpressed IL‐15 transgenic mice using Fabpi promoter. The Fabpi‐IL‐15 (iIL‐15) transgenic mice showed induced IL‐15 levels in the jejunum with a marked increase in jejunum eosinophils. However, no induction of eosinophilia in the blood or any other gastrointestinal segment was observed. Eosinophilia in the jejunum villus was substantially higher in iIL‐15 mice compared to wild‐type mice. In addition, goblet cell hyperplasia was also observed in the jejunum of iIL‐15 mice. Furthermore, a significant correlation between induced IL‐15 transcript and the IL‐18 transcripts was observed. Therefore, to further understand the role of IL‐18 in IL‐15 mice associated gastrointestinal disorders, we generated iIL‐15/IL‐18Rα−/− mice. Using these mice, we found that IL‐18 has an important role in promoting IL‐15‐induced eosinophilia. As intestinal IL‐15 overexpression is reported in food intolerance, we examined OVA intolerance in iIL‐15 mice. The OVA‐sensitized and challenged iIL‐15 mice experienced weight loss, diarrhea and eosinophilia in the jejunum. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that intestinal IL‐15 overexpression induces IL‐18‐dependent eosinophilia and immunoglobulins in the intestine that promotes food allergic responses.
The anti‐inflammatory IFITM genes ameliorate colitis and partially protect from tumorigenesis by changing immunity and microbiota
Authors: Alteber Zoya , Sharbi‐Yunger Adi , Pevsner‐Fischer Meirav , Blat Dan , Roitman Lior , Tzehoval Esther , Elinav Eran , Eisenbach Lea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInflammation plays pivotal roles in different stages of tumor development. Screening for predisposing genetic abnormalities and understanding the roles these genes play in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells will provide new targets for cancer therapy and prevention. The interferon inducible transmembrane (IFITM) genes are involved in pathogenesis of the gastro‐intestinal tract. We aimed at delineating the role of IFITM3 in colonic epithelial homeostasis, inflammation and colitis‐associated tumorigenesis using IFITM3‐deficient mice. Chemical induction of colitis in IFITM3‐deficient mice results in significantly increased clinical signs of inflammation and induction of invasive tumorigenesis. Bone marrow transplantation showed that cells of the hematopoietic system are responsible for colitis deterioration. In these mice, impaired cytokine expression skewed inflammatory response toward pathogenic Th17 with reduced expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL10 during the recovery phase. Intriguingly, mice lacking the entire IFITM locus developed spontaneous chronic colitis from the age of 14 weeks. Sequencing the 16S rRNA of naïve mice lacking IFITM3 gene, or the entire locus containing five IFITM genes, revealed these mice had significant bacterial differences from their wild‐type littermates. Our novel results provide strong evidence for the essential role of IFITM genes in ameliorating colitis and colitis‐associated tumorigenesis.