bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality: The UK Program 20 Years On
Authors: Massat Nathalie J. , Dibden Amanda , Parmar Dharmishta , Cuzick Jack , Sasieni Peter D. , Duffy Stephen W. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background: With changes in diagnosis, treatment, and management of breast cancer since the mammography screening trials, there is a need to evaluate contemporary breast screening programs. A case–control study was set up to assess the current impact of attendance in the English Breast Screening Program on breast cancer mortality.
Methods: Cancer registry cases who died from primary breast cancer ages 47 to 89 years in London in 2008 to 2009 (869 women) were matched to 1 or 2 general population controls (1,642 women) with no diagnosis of breast cancer at the time of the case's diagnosis, who were alive at the case's death. Cases and controls were matched for date of birth and screening area, and had been invited to breast screening at least once prior to the case's diagnosis. ORs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Self-selection bias was addressed using contemporaneous attendance at the cervical screening program. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess the likely effect of lead time bias.
Results: Attendance at breast screening resulted in a breast cancer mortality reduction of 39% [OR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44–0.85] after self-selection correction. Attendance in the last 3 years prior to diagnosis resulted in a 60% mortality reduction (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.31–0.51). Lead time bias effects were negligible.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that community breast screening programs provide their expected benefit in terms of reducing the risk of breast cancer death among women participating.
Impact: Mammography is an important tool for reducing breast cancer mortality and its impact could be increased by encouraging regular attendance. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 455–62. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Massat et al., p. 479
Relationship of Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution of the Breast with Area and Volume Mammographic Densities
Authors: Gierach Gretchen L. , Patel Deesha A. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Figueroa Jonine D. , Linville Laura , Papathomas Daphne , Johnson Jason M. , Chicoine Rachael E. , Herschorn Sally D. , Shepherd John A. , Wang Jeff , Malkov Serghei , Vacek Pamela M. , Weaver Donald L. , Fan Bo , Mahmoudzadeh Amir Pasha , Palakal Maya , Xiang Jackie , Oh Hannah , Horne Hisani N. , Sprague Brian L. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Brinton Louise A. , Sherman Mark E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Elevated mammographic density (MD) is an established breast cancer risk factor. Reduced involution of terminal duct lobular units (TDLU), the histologic source of most breast cancers, has been associated with higher MD and breast cancer risk. We investigated relationships of TDLU involution with area and volumetric MD, measured throughout the breast and surrounding biopsy targets (perilesional). Three measures inversely related to TDLU involution (TDLU count/mm2, median TDLU span, median acini count/TDLU) assessed in benign diagnostic biopsies from 348 women, ages 40–65, were related to MD area (quantified with thresholding software) and volume (assessed with a density phantom) by analysis of covariance, stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for confounders. Among premenopausal women, TDLU count was directly associated with percent perilesional MD (P trend = 0.03), but not with absolute dense area/volume. Greater TDLU span was associated with elevated percent dense area/volume (P trend&lt;0.05) and absolute perilesional MD (P = 0.003). Acini count was directly associated with absolute perilesional MD (P = 0.02). Greater TDLU involution (all metrics) was associated with increased nondense area/volume (P trend ≤ 0.04). Among postmenopausal women, TDLU measures were not significantly associated with MD. Among premenopausal women, reduced TDLU involution was associated with higher area and volumetric MD, particularly in perilesional parenchyma. Data indicating that TDLU involution and MD are correlated markers of breast cancer risk suggest that associations of MD with breast cancer may partly reflect amounts of at-risk epithelium. If confirmed, these results could suggest a prevention paradigm based on enhancing TDLU involution and monitoring efficacy by assessing MD reduction. Cancer Prev Res; 9(2); 149–58. ©2015 AACR.
“Pensar em cidadania é pensar em cooperação social”
Authors: Pozzi Diana Helena De Benedetto , Padovano Bruno Roberto , Borelli Primavera , Gomes Suzana Helena de Avelar , Caldas Waldenyr , Vitti Isadora , Abreu Sérgio França Adorno de 
Published: December 2015

<p>Cidadania é o exercício dos direitos e deveres civis, políticos e sociais estabelecidos em uma sociedade, e, ao contrário do pensamento de muitos, exercê-la vai além da escolha eleitoral. Em um contexto complexo como o atual, muitas dúvidas acerca do tema vêm à tona: Como exercer a cidadania em tempos de crise? Qual a relação entre cidadania e as instituições nacionais vigentes? E como as manifestações sociais se incluem no exercício cidadão e democrático?</p>
Saúde e Bem-estar na Obesidade: Paradoxo ou Possibilidade?
Authors: Ulian Mariana Dimitrov , Scagliusi Fernanda Baeza , Sato Priscila De Morais , Modesto Bruno , Benatti Fabiana , Gualano Bruno , Roble Odilon , Unsain Ramiro Fernandez 
Published: December 2015

<p>O presente artigo relata, brevemente, a história de um curso comunitário destinado a oferecer intervenções não farmacológicas a mulheres com excesso de peso. Ênfase é dada ao formato atual do curso, que conta com equipe multidisciplinar na área de Saúde apta a oferecer suporte amplo à mulher obesa que encontra dificuldade para se enquadrar o padrão de beleza requerido pela sociedade. Em nosso curso, propomos um programa centrado na saúde e na qualidade de vida do indivíduo obeso, sem foco na perda de peso, de acordo com os princípios da filosofia “Health at Every Size”. Os resultados qualitativos preliminares indicam que tal abordagem é promissora, oferecendo aos profissionais de saúde uma alternativa à proposta vigente de "perda de peso a qualquer custo". Os avanços no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão associados ao curso também são discutidos ao longo do artigo.</p>
Comparison of Right and Left Upper Limb Arterial Variants in Patients Undergoing Bilateral Transradial Procedures
Authors: Burzotta Francesco , Brancati Marta Francesca , Porto Italo , Saffioti Silvia , Aurigemma Cristina , Niccoli Giampaolo , Leone Antonio Maria , Coluccia Valentina , Crea Filippo , Trani Carlo 
Published: December 2015

Background—
Transradial approach (TRA), when compared with transfemoral, improves the safety of percutaneous coronary procedures. Arterial axis variants are known to hinder the performance of transradial approach percutaneous coronary procedures. Data on the occurrence of arterial axis variants in the right and left arm arterial axes of individual patients are lacking.

Methods and Results—

From a single-center prospective registry, we selected all patients in whom bilateral upper limb arterial anatomy was assessed based on the performance of left and right radial catheterization obtained during the same or during repeat coronary diagnostic or interventional procedure(s). The occurrence of upper right and left limb arterial axis variants was classified according to the previously described operative ABC classification. A total of 610 patients were identified. An ABC upper limb arterial axis variant was detected in 156 (25.6%) patients. Variants were right-sided only in 65 (11.0%), left-sided only in 40 (6.6%), and bilateral in 46 (7.5%) patients. Thus, arterial axis variants were significantly more common in the right side (
P
=0.02). Bilateral arterial variants were significantly associated with age, female sex, and valvulopathy. Both A (radial/brachial) and B (axillary/subclavian/innominate) variants exhibited concordance across the 2 sides (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.1–12.7 and 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–30.9, respectively).

Conclusions—
The occurrence of an anatomic variant potentially hindering transradial approach coronary diagnostic or interventional procedures is bilateral in <8% of cases and is more common in the right arm. Such information may guide, during the clinical practice, the access selection in the case of repeat procedures or need for additional accesses.
Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Upper-Limb Rehabilitation After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dawson Jesse , Pierce David , Dixit Anand , Kimberley Teresa J. , Robertson Michele , Tarver Brent , Hilmi Omar , McLean John , Forbes Kirsten , Kilgard Michael P. , Rennaker Robert L. , Cramer Steven C. , Walters Matthew , Engineer Navzer 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Recent animal studies demonstrate that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with movement induces movement-specific plasticity in motor cortex and improves forelimb function after stroke. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical pilot study of VNS paired with rehabilitation on upper-limb function after ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Twenty-one participants with ischemic stroke >6 months before and moderate to severe upper-limb impairment were randomized to VNS plus rehabilitation or rehabilitation alone. Rehabilitation consisted of three 2-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks, each involving >400 movement trials. In the VNS group, movements were paired with 0.5-second VNS. The primary objective was to assess safety and feasibility. Secondary end points included change in upper-limb measures (including the Fugl–Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity).

Results—
Nine participants were randomized to VNS plus rehabilitation and 11 to rehabilitation alone. There were no serious adverse device effects. One patient had transient vocal cord palsy and dysphagia after implantation. Five had minor adverse device effects including nausea and taste disturbance on the evening of therapy. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the change in Fugl–Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity scores was not significantly different (between-group difference, 5.7 points; 95% confidence interval, −0.4 to 11.8). In the per-protocol analysis, there was a significant difference in change in Fugl–Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity score (between-group difference, 6.5 points; 95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 12.6).

Conclusions—
This study suggests that VNS paired with rehabilitation is feasible and has not raised safety concerns. Additional studies of VNS in adults with chronic stroke will now be performed.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01669161.
Increased Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease Among Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Terry Anna R. , Jordan Justin T. , Schwamm Lee , Plotkin Scott R. 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Although neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) may be associated with an incompletely understood vasculopathy, relative odds of stroke in this population is not known.

Methods—
Using the 1998 to 2009 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we performed a case–control study matching cases of NF1 to controls without such a diagnosis. We then compared the odds of stroke between the 2 groups. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for known or suspected confounders.

Results—

NF1 was associated with younger mean age at the time of stroke (41 versus 48) and a lower prevalence of stroke risk factors among adult patients. Pediatric patients with NF1, however, were more likely to have hypertension. Patients with NF1 were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with any stroke (odds ratio, 1.2;
P
<0.0001) than the general population. The odds of intracerebral hemorrhage were greatest among hemorrhagic stroke types analyzed (odds ratio, 1.9;
P
<0.0001). In the pediatric NF1 population, the odds of intracerebral hemorrhage were more dramatically elevated (odds ratio, 8.1;
P
<0.0001). The odds of ischemic stroke were also increased with NF1 in the pediatric (odds ratio, 3.4;
P
<0.0001) but not in the adult population.

Conclusions—
When compared with the general population, the odds of any type of stroke are significantly increased for patients with NF1, both adult and pediatric. This risk is most notable for hemorrhagic strokes although it is also increased for ischemic strokes in children. Physicians should be aware of the increased risk of stroke in this population, and consider stroke as a potential cause of new neurological symptoms.
Le Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin de 1813
Authors: Landry-Deron Isabelle 
Published: December 2015

The first printed dictionary from Chinese to a Western language, the Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin, published on the orders of Emperor Napoleon I, was prepared under the direction of Chrétien-Louis De Guignes (1759–1845) and came off the press of the Imprimerie impériale de Paris in 1813. It was based on what was regarded as the best manuscript dictionary compiled by the missionaries in China, the Hanzi xiyi by the Italian Franciscan, Basilio Brollo (1648–1704). Chinese characters were printed using the “Buis du Régent”, a unique set of mobile types engraved in wood, completed in Paris in 1740, the history of which is retraced at the beginning of the article. The sources and characteristics of the 1813 Dictionnaire are then examined, as well as the scholarly rivalries that accompanied its production and the criticism to which it was subjected after its appearance. Le Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin, premier dictionnaire imprimé du chinois dans une langue occidentale, préparé sur ordre de l’empereur Napoléon Ier et sous la responsabilité de Chrétien-Louis De Guignes (1759–1845), sortit des presses de l’Imprimerie impériale de Paris en 1813. Il se basait sur ce qui était considéré comme le meilleur dictionnaire manuscrit rédigé par les missionnaires en Chine, le Hanzi xiyi du franciscain italien Basilio Brollo (1648–1704). Les caractères chinois furent imprimés avec les “Buis du Régent”, un ensemble unique en Europe de types mobiles dont la gravure sur bois avait été achevée en 1740 et dont l’histoire est retracée au début de l’article. Les sources et les caractéristiques du Dictionnaire de 1813 sont ensuite examinées, ainsi que les rivalités entre savants qui en accompagnèrent l’émergence et les critiques auxquelles il fut en butte après sa parution.
Morphological Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)
Authors: DeLancey Scott 
Published: December 2015

The verb agreement systems of Jinghpaw, Meyor, Northern Naga, and Northeast, Northwest and Southern Kuki-Chin contain material which is demonstrably inherited from Proto-Trans-Himalayan. Here we discuss morphological evidence that these systems share a common ancestor more recent than PTH. There is strong evidence connecting Jinghpaw with both Northern Naga and Kuki-Chin, and weaker evidence directly linking Northern Naga and Kuki-Chin, and both of these with Meyor. This is evidence that all of these languages belong to a single branch of the family, an idea which has been suggested in the past but never argued for. Les systèmes d’accord verbaux des langues jinghpaw, meyor, naga du nord, et kuki-chin incluent des formes dont on peut démontrer l’origine proto-trans-himalayenne. Cet article présente des preuves morphologiques qui démontrent que ces systèmes descendent d’un paradigme ancestral plus récent que le proto-trans-himalayen. Les caractéristiques morphologiques communes entre jinghpaw et naga du nord sont très claires, et l’on trouve également des liens rapprochant le naga du nord avec le kuki-chin, et ces deux groupes avec le meyor. On propose que toutes ces langues appartiennent à une branche unique de la famille trans-himalayenne, une idée qui a été suggérée dans des publications antérieures mais jamais développée de façon argumentée.
Dynamics of Rossby Wave Packets in a Quantitative Potential Vorticity–Potential Temperature Framework
Authors: Teubler Franziska , Riemer Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRossby wave packets (RWPs) have been associated with increased atmospheric predictability but also with the growth and propagation of forecast uncertainty. To address the important question of under which conditions RWPs imply high and low predictability, a potential vorticity–potential temperature (PV–θ) framework is introduced to diagnose RWP dynamics. Finite-amplitude RWPs along the midlatitude waveguide are considered and are represented by the synoptic-scale, wavelike undulations of the tropopause. The evolution of RWPs is examined by the amplitude evolution of the individual troughs and ridges. Troughs and ridges are identified as PV anomalies on θ levels intersecting the midlatitude tropopause. By partitioning the PV-tendency equation, individual contributions to the amplitude evolution are identified. A novel aspect is that the important role of the divergent flow and the diabatic PV modification is quantified explicitly. Arguably, prominent upper-tropospheric divergent flow is associated to a large extent with latent-heat release below and can thus be considered as an indirect diabatic impact. A case study of an RWP evolution over 7 days illustrates the PV–θ diagnostic. In general, baroclinic coupling and, important, the divergent flow make contributions to the amplitude evolution of individual troughs and ridges that are comparable in magnitude to the wave’s group propagation. Diabatic PV modification makes a subordinate contribution to the evolution. The relative importance of the different processes exhibits considerable variability between individual troughs and ridges. A discussion of the results in light of recent studies on forecast errors and predictability concludes the paper.
An Examination of Precipitation Using CSU–CHILL Dual-Wavelength, Dual-Polarization Radar Observations
Authors: Junyent Francesc , Chandrasekar V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe CSU–CHILL radar is a dual-wavelength, dual-polarization weather radar system operating at S and X bands with coaxial beams. One of the capabilities of this radar system is the possibility of developing and/or validating algorithms across dual wavelengths and dual polarizations. This paper presents one such instance, showing how the rainfall field can be estimated either from the S- and X-band reflectivities or from the differential propagation phase at X band. To do so, the paper first presents a dual-wavelength attenuation correction method that uses the reflectivity measured at S band, as the constraint for the correction of the reflectivity measured at X band, and it describes how Mie scattering regions at X band may be detected from the retrieved path-integrated attenuation field. Then, the paper describes how the resulting specific attenuation field relates to rainfall and specific phase at X band, which can be obtained from dual-polarization data at a single wavelength as well, and shows examples. Finally, the paper looks at the relation between attenuation and the differential phase as a function of elevation angle for a few cases, which may be related to the drop size distribution and mean diameter, as well as temperature.
The PRIDE (Partnership to Improve Diabetes Education) Toolkit
Authors: Wolff Kathleen , Chambers Laura , Bumol Stefan , White Richard O. , Gregory Becky Pratt , Davis Dianne , Rothman Russell L. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Patients with low literacy, low numeracy, and/or linguistic needs can experience challenges understanding diabetes information and applying concepts to their self-management. The authors designed a toolkit of education materials that are sensitive to patients’ literacy and numeracy levels, language preferences, and cultural norms and that encourage shared goal setting to improve diabetes self-management and health outcomes. The Partnership to Improve Diabetes Education (PRIDE) toolkit was developed to facilitate diabetes self-management education and support. Methods The PRIDE toolkit includes a comprehensive set of 30 interactive education modules in English and Spanish to support diabetes self-management activities. The toolkit builds upon the authors’ previously validated Diabetes Literacy and Numeracy Education Toolkit (DLNET) by adding a focus on shared goal setting, addressing the needs of Spanish-speaking patients, and including a broader range of diabetes management topics. Each PRIDE module was evaluated using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) instrument to determine the material’s cultural appropriateness and its sensitivity to the needs of patients with low literacy and low numeracy. Reading grade level was also assessed using the Automated Readability Index (ARI), Coleman-Liau, Flesch-Kincaid, Fry, and SMOG formulas. Conclusions The average reading grade level of the materials was 5.3 (SD 1.0), with a mean SAM of 91.2 (SD 5.4). All of the 30 modules received a “superior” score (SAM >70%) when evaluated by 2 independent raters. The PRIDE toolkit modules can be used by all members of a multidisciplinary team to assist patients with low literacy and low numeracy in managing their diabetes.
Training in client-centeredness enhances occupational therapist documentation on goal setting and client participation in goal setting in the medical records of people with stroke
Authors: Flink Maria , Bertilsson Ann-Sofie , Johansson Ulla , Guidetti Susanne , Tham Kerstin , von Koch Lena 
Published: December 2015

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare client-centeredness as it was documented by the occupational therapists in the units randomized to the intervention clusters with documentation by occupational therapists in the control clusters. Design: Comparison of medical records. Setting: The study is conducted in a context of a randomized controlled trial in Sweden, with 16 post-stroke rehabilitation units cluster randomized to intervention or control group. Subjects: Occupational therapist documentation in medical records of 279 clients with stroke. Main measures: The medical records were reviewed for their level of client-centeredness using a protocol developed from the Stewart et al model. The occupational therapists in the intervention groups participated in a workshop training to enhance their client-centeredness. Results: Occupational therapists with training in client-centeredness documented significantly more on goal setting (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 1.87-8.81), on client participation in goal setting (OR=11.34; 95% CI, 5.97-21.57), on how the goals could be reached (OR=2.8; 95% CI, 1.7-4.62), on client participation in how goals could be reached (OR=4.56; 95% CI, 2.73-7.64), on the follow-up on goals (OR=5.77; 95% CI, 2.78-11-98) and on client participation in follow-up on goals (OR=7.44, 95% CI, 4.33-12.8). This association remained after adjustment for healthcare setting, client socio-demographic variables, and stroke severity. Conclusion: Documentation of goal setting and client participation in goal setting can be influenced by training.