bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory Training for Adults Who Have Hearing Loss: A Comparison of Spaced Versus Massed Practice Schedules
Authors: Tye-Murray Nancy , Spehar Brent , Barcroft Joe , Sommers Mitchell 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The spacing effect in human memory research refers to situations in which people learn items better when they study items in spaced intervals rather than massed intervals. This investigation was conducted to compare the efficacy of meaning-oriented auditory training when administered with a spaced versus massed practice schedule.

Method

Forty-seven adult hearing aid users received 16 hr of auditory training. Participants in a spaced group (mean age = 64.6 years,
SD
= 14.7) trained twice per week, and participants in a massed group (mean age = 69.6 years,
SD
= 17.5) trained for 5 consecutive days each week. Participants completed speech perception tests before training, immediately following training, and then 3 months later. In line with transfer appropriate processing theory, tests assessed both trained tasks and an untrained task.

Results
Auditory training improved the speech recognition performance of participants in both groups. Benefits were maintained for 3 months. No effect of practice schedule was found on overall benefits achieved, on retention of benefits, nor on generalizability of benefits to nontrained tasks.

Conclusion
The lack of spacing effect in otherwise effective auditory training suggests that perceptual learning may be subject to different influences than are other types of learning, such as vocabulary learning. Hence, clinicians might have latitude in recommending training schedules to accommodate patients' schedules.
Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Umpolung Allylation of N-Fluor­enyl Imines to Prepare 1,4-Disubstituted Homoallylic Amines
Authors: Niu Dawen , Wan Liqiang , Tian Lan , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2017

The discovery and development of an Ir-catalyzed asymmetric umpolung allylation of imines is discussed here. This method produces 1,4-disubstituted homoallylic amines, a class of compounds that are difficult to access by conventional methods. This reaction proceeds through a sequence involving an allylation and a 2-aza-Cope rearrangement event. The unique mechanistic feature of this reaction could be the reason for its broad substrate scope. The products of this reaction are useful intermediates for various bioactive and natural products. Besides its immediate synthetic utility, we expect this transformation to inspire the development of other umpolung functionalizations of imines and Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) reactions.1	Introduction2	Reaction Discovery3	Substrate Scope4	Conclusion
Consecutive Aminolithiation–Carbolithiation of a Linear Aminoalkene Bearing Terminal Vinyl Sulfide Moiety to Give Hydro­indolizine
Authors: Yamamoto Yasutomo , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Kaneshige Atsunori , Hashimoto Aiko , Kaibe Sachiho , Miyawaki Akari , Yamada Ken-ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2017

Aminolithiation–carbolithiation tandem cyclization of an aminoalkene bearing vinyl sulfide moiety proceeded smoothly using stoichiometric amounts of BuLi. Both aminolithiation and carbo­lithiation were in equilibrium at room temperature, and the stereochemistry of the cyclization was thermodynamically controlled. At –78 °C the reaction was kinetically controlled and the cyclized product, 1,2-disubstituted octahydroindolizine, was obtained with good dia­stereoselectivity.
Using a Guided Machine Learning Ensemble Model to Predict Discharge Disposition following Meningioma Resection
Authors: Muhlestein Whitney , Akagi Dallin , Kallos Justiss , Morone Peter , Weaver Kyle , Thompson Reid , Chambless Lola 
Published: August 2017

Objective Machine learning (ML) algorithms are powerful tools for predicting patient outcomes. This study pilots a novel approach to algorithm selection and model creation using prediction of discharge disposition following meningioma resection as a proof of concept.
Materials and Methods A diversity of ML algorithms were trained on a single-institution database of meningioma patients to predict discharge disposition. Algorithms were ranked by predictive power and top performers were combined to create an ensemble model. The final ensemble was internally validated on never-before-seen data to demonstrate generalizability. The predictive power of the ensemble was compared with a logistic regression. Further analyses were performed to identify how important variables impact the ensemble.
Results Our ensemble model predicted disposition significantly better than a logistic regression (area under the curve of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, p = 0.01). Tumor size, presentation at the emergency department, body mass index, convexity location, and preoperative motor deficit most strongly influence the model, though the independent impact of individual variables is nuanced.
Conclusion Using a novel ML technique, we built a guided ML ensemble model that predicts discharge destination following meningioma resection with greater predictive power than a logistic regression, and that provides greater clinical insight than a univariate analysis. These techniques can be extended to predict many other patient outcomes of interest.
Comparative Cost Analysis of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Eseonu Chikezie , ReFaey Karim , Garcia Oscar , Salvatori Roberto , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: August 2017

Objective This study presents a comparative analysis of cost efficacy between the microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches, evaluating neurological outcome, extent of resection (EOR), and inpatient hospital costs.
Design This study was a retrospective chart review.
Setting This study was conducted at a tertiary care center.
Participants The study group consisted of 68 patients with transsphenoidal surgeries between January 2007 and January 2014.
Main Outcome Measures Two-sample t-tests and Pearson's chi-square test evaluated inpatient costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), volumetric EOR, and neurological outcomes.
Results Total inpatient costs per patient was $22,853 in the microscopic group and less ($19,736) in the endoscopic group (p = 0.049). Operating room costs were $5,974 in the microscopic group and lower in the endoscopic group ($5,045; p = 0.038). Operative time was 203.6 minutes in the microscopic group and 166.3 minutes in the endoscopic group (p = 0.032). The QALY score, length of hospital stay, and postoperative outcomes were found to be similar between the two cohorts. Multivariate linear regression modeling suggested that length of stay (p < 0.001) and operative time (p = 0.008) were important factors that influenced total inpatient costs following transsphenoidal surgery.
Conclusion This study shows that transsphenoidal surgery is more cost effective with the endoscopic approach than with the microscopic approach and depends on efficiency in the operating room as well as reduction in the length of hospitalization.
Variable Bone Density of Scaphoid: Importance of Subchondral Screw Placement
Authors: Swanstrom Morgan , Morse Kyle , Lipman Joseph , Hearns Krystle , Carlson Michelle 
Published: August 2017

Background Ideal internal fixation of the scaphoid relies on adequate bone stock for screw purchase; so, knowledge of regional bone density of the scaphoid is crucial.
Questions/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate regional variations in scaphoid bone density.
Materials and Methods Three-dimensional CT models of fractured scaphoids were created and sectioned into proximal/distal segments and then into quadrants (volar/dorsal/radial/ulnar). Concentric shells in the proximal and distal pole were constructed in 2-mm increments moving from exterior to interior. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU).
Results Bone density of the distal scaphoid (453.2 ± 70.8 HU) was less than the proximal scaphoid (619.8 ± 124.2 HU). There was no difference in bone density between the four quadrants in either pole. In both the poles, the first subchondral shell was the densest. In both the proximal and distal poles, bone density decreased significantly in all three deeper shells.
Conclusion The proximal scaphoid had a greater density than the distal scaphoid. Within the poles, there was no difference in bone density between the quadrants. The subchondral 2-mm shell had the greatest density. Bone density dropped off significantly between the first and second shell in both the proximal and distal scaphoids.
Clinical Relevance In scaphoid fracture ORIF, optimal screw placement engages the subchondral 2-mm shell, especially in the distal pole, which has an overall lower bone density, and the second shell has only two-third the density of the first shell.
Safety and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren's Disease in the Palm
Authors: Flynn Darren , Stothard John , Mansha Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Percutaneous needle fasciotomy is performed in the authors' department to treat Dupuytren's contracture at metacarpophalangeal joints. This study aimed to establish its safety and efficacy, compared with standard fasciectomy.
Materials and Methods All patients who had this procedure performed over the study period were sent the validated British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH) postal questionnaire assessing surgical outcome. Hand function and disability were assessed using the Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM).
Results Statistically significant improvement was achieved in Dupuytren's contracture at the mean follow-up of 15 months (SD +/− 10). Approximately 97% of the fingers fully corrected at surgery remain straight. Recurrence rate was 2.2% among fully corrected fingers. However, 2 (40%) out of 5 partially corrected fingers had recurrence. No complication of any kind was noted and no antibiotics used. Hand function was measured using PEM score correlated well with the residual contracture.
Conclusion Percutaneous needle fasciotomy is safe, effective, has very low complication rates, and yields comparable results to standard fasciectomy.
Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in patients under antithromboembolic therapy
Authors: Abdel Samie Ahmed , Dette Stephan , Voehringer Ulrich , Sun Rui , Theilmann Lorenz 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) carries several risks (e. g., pancreatitis and bleeding). The risk of bleeding is increased in patients with a compromised coagulation system, often due to antithromboembolic therapy. Recent guidelines caution to perform endoscopic procedures that carry a high risk of bleeding in these patients. However, data to support current recommendations are scarce, and EST frequently has to be performed as an emergency procedure. Therefore, it was the aim of our retrospective study to evaluate the rate of procedural bleeding in patients undergoing EST in our endoscopy unit while on antithromboembolic therapy.
Methods Between March 2005 and August 2015, 1798 consecutive patients underwent EST at HELIOS Hospital in Pforzheim, Germany. Concomitant therapy with anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents was noted, and bleeding following sphincterotomy was recorded.
Results We observed 54 bleeding events in 1482 patients (3.6 %) without and 20 events in 316 patients (6.3 %) with antithromboembolic therapy. Bleeding was recorded in 7 out of 123 patients (5.7 %) taking aspirin, in one out of 34 patients (2.9 %) taking clopidogrel, and in 12 out of 209 patients under heparin (5.7 %). Compared to controls, no statistically significant increase in the bleeding rate was seen. However, we observed an association between a lower physical health score and increased bleeding rate. If precut was necessary for biliary tract access, the bleeding rate increased significantly (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Bleeding following EST is neither increased in patients taking clopidogrel and/or aspirin or heparin and rarely requires transfusion of packed red blood cells nor does it lead to an increased mortality. However, bleeding following EST seems to occur more frequently in patients with a compromised health status or following precut of the papilla.
Effect of ATP and regulatory light-chain phosphorylation on the polymerization of mammalian nonmuscle myosin II
Authors: Liu Xiong , Billington Neil , Shu Shi , Yu Shu-Hua , Piszczek Grzegorz , Sellers James R. , Korn Edward D. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Nonmuscle myosin II (NM2) filaments have essential roles in many cellular processes that require the dynamic relocation of filamentous myosin. We find that addition of ATP to polymerized regulatory light chain (RLC)-unphosphorylated NM2s in vitro results in the formation of dimers, tetramers, hexamers, and monomers, which is reversed by phosphorylation of the RLC. Our data suggest that assembly of NM2 filaments proceeds from folded monomers to folded antiparallel dimers, tetramers, and hexamers that unfold and polymerize into antiparallel filaments. This could explain the dynamic relocalization of NM2 filaments in vivo by dephosphorylation of RLC-phosphorylated filaments, disassembly of the dephosphorylated filaments to monomers, dimers, and small oligomers, diffusion of these species, and their reassembly into filaments at the new location following rephosphorylation of the RLC.
Origins of coevolution between residues distant in protein 3D structures
Authors: Anishchenko Ivan , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Kamisetty Hetunandan , Baker David 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Coevolution-derived contact predictions are enabling accurate protein structure modeling. However, coevolving residues are not always in contact, and this is a potential source of error in such modeling efforts. To investigate the sources of such errors and, more generally, the origins of coevolution in protein structures, we provide a global overview of the contributions to the “exceptions” to the general rule that coevolving residues are close in protein three-dimensional structures.
Molecularly targeted drug combinations demonstrate selective effectiveness for myeloid- and lymphoid-derived hematologic malignancies
Authors: Kurtz Stephen E. , Eide Christopher A. , Kaempf Andy , Khanna Vishesh , Savage Samantha L. , Rofelty Angela , English Isabel , Ho Hibery , Pandya Ravi , Bolosky William J. , Poon Hoifung , Deininger Michael W. , Collins Robert , Swords Ronan T. , Watts Justin , Pollyea Daniel A. , Medeiros Bruno C. , Traer Elie , Tognon Cristina E. , Mori Motomi , Druker Brian J. , Tyner Jeffrey W. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Mononuclear cells obtained from freshly isolated patient samples with various hematologic malignancies were evaluated for sensitivities to combinations of drugs that target specific cell-signaling pathways. The diagnostic, genetic/cytogenetic, and cellular features of the patient samples were correlated with effective drug combinations. For myeloid-derived tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia, several combinations of targeted agents that include a kinase inhibitor and venetoclax, a selective inhibitor of BCL2, are effective.
Interdomain conformational flexibility underpins the activity of UGGT, the eukaryotic glycoprotein secretion checkpoint
Authors: Roversi Pietro , Marti Lucia , Caputo Alessandro T. , Alonzi Dominic S. , Hill Johan C. , Dent Kyle C. , Kumar Abhinav , Levasseur Mikail D. , Lia Andrea , Waksman Thomas , Basu Souradeep , Soto Albrecht Yentli , Qian Kristin , McIvor James Patrick , Lipp Colette B. , Siliqi Dritan , Vasiljević Snežana , Mohammed Shabaz , Lukacik Petra , Walsh Martin A. , Santino Angelo , Zitzmann Nicole 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A dedicated endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) machinery ensures the correct fold of secreted proteins bearing N-linked glycans, which constitute around a fifth of the whole proteome and are essential for many important cellular processes such as signaling, immunity, adhesion, transport, and metabolism. UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) is the sole checkpoint enzyme of ERQC, flagging incorrectly folded glycoproteins for ER retention. Here, we describe crystal structures of full-length UGGT. We show that enzymatic activity depends on interdomain conformational mobility, indicating that the intrinsic flexibility of UGGT may endow the enzyme with the promiscuity needed to recognize and reglucosylate its many different substrates.
Exposure to and recall of violence reduce short-term memory and cognitive control
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Grimalda Gianluca , Ortoleva Pietro , Ring Patrick 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Research on violence has mainly focused on its consequences on individuals’ health and behavior. This study establishes the effects of exposure to violence on individuals’ short-term memory and cognitive control. These are key factors affecting individual well-being and societal development. We sampled Colombian civilians who were exposed either to urban violence or to warfare. We found that higher exposure to violence significantly reduces short-term memory and cognitive control only in the group actively recalling emotional states linked with such experiences. This finding demonstrates and characterizes the long-lasting effects of violence. Existing studies have found effects of poverty on cognitive control similar to those that we found for violence. This set of findings supports the validity of the cognitive theory underpinning these studies.
Electrical conductivity of SiO
2
at extreme conditions and planetary dynamos
Authors: Scipioni Roberto , Stixrude Lars , Desjarlais Michael P. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
We find that Earth’s earliest magnetic field may have been produced in a deep magma ocean, and that silicate dynamos may exist in super-Earth exoplanets as well. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that silicate liquids are semimetallic at the extreme pressure and temperature conditions characteristic of planetary interiors. The electrical conductivity shows a remarkable nonmonotonic dependence on pressure that reveals connections to the underlying atomic structure, and highlights broken charge ordering as a novel compression mechanism.
Climate matching drives spread rate but not establishment success in recent unintentional bird introductions
Authors: Abellán Pedro , Tella José L. , Carrete Martina , Cardador Laura , Anadón José D. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The awareness of the negative consequences of biological invasions and the critical importance of evidence-based decision making have led to a persistent effort to understand the factors driving the successful invasion of exotic species and to predict invasion outcome. We assess, taking advantage of an exceptionally comprehensive dataset of exotic birds in the Iberian Peninsula, the role of different factors in the invasion success of current avian introductions. Our findings contrast with the evidence previously found in studies mostly based on deliberate introductions regarding factors influencing the invasion success of birds and show that drivers controlling the establishment and spread stages are markedly different. Our results also highlight certain challenges for managing current invasions.
Early history of Neanderthals and Denisovans
Authors: Rogers Alan R. , Bohlender Ryan J. , Huff Chad D. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Neanderthals and Denisovans were human populations that separated from the modern lineage early in the Middle Pleistocene. Many modern humans carry DNA derived from these archaic populations by interbreeding during the Late Pleistocene. We develop a statistical method to study the early history of these archaic populations. We show that the archaic lineage was very small during the 10,000 y that followed its separation from the modern lineage. It then split into two regional populations, the Neanderthals and the Denisovans. The Neanderthal population grew large and separated into largely isolated local groups.
Phosphorylation of serine96 of histidine-rich calcium-binding protein by the Fam20C kinase functions to prevent cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Pollak Adam J. , Haghighi Kobra , Kunduri Swati , Arvanitis Demetrios A. , Bidwell Philip A. , Liu Guan-Sheng , Singh Vivek P. , Gonzalez David J. , Sanoudou Despina , Wiley Sandra E. , Dixon Jack E. , Kranias Evangelia G. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A common variant of histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC), where an alanine replaces a serine at amino acid 96, can increase the risk of dying from severe heart disease. Using human, mice, and cellular models, we show that this variant blocks position 96 from becoming phosphorylated, a prevalent type of protein modification carried out by kinase enzymes. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of HRC at Ser96 indeed provides protection from heart disease, and we identify family with sequence similarity 20C (Fam20C) as the kinase that phosphorylates HRC. HRC phosphorylation appears to play a role in regulating Ca cycling that is critical for proper cardiac muscle contraction. This demonstration of Fam20C’s role in heart disease opens up avenues for potential preventative or therapeutic strategies.
Janus dendrimersomes coassembled from fluorinated, hydrogenated, and hybrid Janus dendrimers as models for cell fusion and fission
Authors: Xiao Qi , Sherman Samuel E. , Wilner Samantha E. , Zhou Xuhao , Dazen Cody , Baumgart Tobias , Reed Ellen H. , Hammer Daniel A. , Shinoda Wataru , Klein Michael L. , Percec Virgil 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Janus particles (JPs) are structures with two distinct faces. This study reports the discovery of an unprecedented class of JPs denoted Janus dendrimersomes (JDSs) coassembled from amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (JDs) with fluorinated, hydrogenated, and hybrid fluorinated–hydrogenated hydrophobic chains. JDSs consist of fluorinated and hydrogenated vesicles connected in a dumbbell-like shape. They appear as one structure in a broader fission-like pathway, which is revealed by varying the ratios of the three JD components. This pathway implies that non–protein-mediated fission and fusion is a likely mechanism by which similar structures form in synthetic and biological systems. These results highlight the potential importance of non–protein-mediated fusion and fission for biology and medicine.
Histone phosphorylation by TRPM6’s cleaved kinase attenuates adjacent arginine methylation to regulate gene expression
Authors: Krapivinsky Grigory , Krapivinsky Luba , Renthal Nora E. , Santa-Cruz Ana , Manasian Yunona , Clapham David E. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Ion channels are proteins that span the cell’s membrane and affect the rapid transfer of ions. Kinases are proteins that transfer a phosphate from ATP to specific substrates. In mammals, there are two unusual proteins, melastatin-related transient receptor potential (TRPM)6 and TRPM7, that have both functions. Here we show that TRPM6’s kinase and channel domains are functionally connected: The kinase is cleaved from the channel domain, and this cleavage depends on the channel being operational. The freed kinase moves to the nucleus and phosphorylates specific histone residues. This results in a dramatic decrease in methylation of adjacent arginine amino acids shown to be critical epigenetic marks for cell differentiation and embryonic development. TRPM6’s kinase-dependent histone posttranslational modifications change the transcription of hundreds of genes.