bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodetic monitoring of subrosion-induced subsidence processes in urban areas
Authors: Kersten Tobias , Kobe Martin , Gabriel Gerald , Timmen Ludger , Schön Steffen , Vogel Detlef 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The research project SIMULTAN applies an advanced combination of geophysical, geodetic, and modelling techniques to gain a better understanding of the evolution and characteristics of sinkholes. Sinkholes are inherently related to surface deformation and, thus, of increasing societal relevance, especially in dense populated urban areas. One work package of SIMULTAN investigates an integrated approach to monitor sinkhole-related mass translations and surface deformations induced by salt dissolution. Datasets from identical and adjacent points are used for a consistent combination of geodetic and geophysical techniques. Monitoring networks are established in Hamburg and Bad Frankenhausen (Thuringia). Levelling surveys indicate subsidence rates of about 4–5 mm per year in the main subsidence areas of Bad Frankenhausen with a local maximum of 10 mm per year around the leaning church tower.
Here, the concept of combining geodetic and gravimetric techniques to monitor and characterise geological processes on and below the Earth's surface is exemplary discussed for the focus area Bad Frankenhausen. For the different methods (levelling, GNSS, relative/absolute gravimetry) stable network results at identical points are obtained by the first campaigns, i.e., the results are generally in agreement.
Phenolic compounds from Citrus leaves: antioxidant activity and enzymatic browning inhibition
Authors: Khettal Bachra , Kadri Nabil , Tighilet Karim , Adjebli Ahmed , Dahmoune Farid , Maiza-Benabdeslam Fadila 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Phenolic compounds from Citrus are known to be a topic of many studies due to their biological properties including antioxidant activity.

Methods
Methanolic and aqueous extracts were isolated from Citrus leaves of different species (C. clementina, C. limon, C. hamlin, C. navel, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium and C. grandis) harvested in Algeria.

Results
The results showed that aqueous extracts of all species are rich in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids (from 68.23 to 125.28 mg GAE/g DM) and (from 11.99 to 46.25 mg QE/g DM) respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were examined for in vitro antioxidant properties using various antioxidant assays. For aqueous extracts, C. limon showed an important DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 35.35 µg/mL), and C. clementina exerted the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (1,174.43 µM ET/g DM) and a significant ferric reducing potential (30.60 mg BHAE/g DM). For methanolic extracts, C. clementina showed the highest antioxidant activity for all the realized assays (IC50 41.85 µg/mL, 378.63 µM ET/g DM and 13.85 mg BHAE/g DM) for DPPH, ABTS radicals scavenging activities and ferric reducing potential respectively. Antiperoxidase and antipolyphenol oxidase activities of these samples were also evaluated.

Conclusions
In this investigation, the assessment of antiperoxidase activity proved that the leaves extracts of different species were able to inhibit peroxidase activity. However, this inhibition varied with the species and the source of these enzymes. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts of different species showed moderate inhibition of polyphenol oxidase, while no effect on these enzymes was obtained with methanolic extracts.
Dendrobium chrysanthum ethanolic extract induces apoptosis via p53 up-regulation in HeLa cells and inhibits tumor progression in mice
Authors: Prasad Ritika , Rana Nishant Kumar , Koch Biplob 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background

Dendrobium is one of the diverse genus of orchid plants. It possesses a number of pharmacological activities and has long been used in traditional system of medicine. The goal of this study was to investigate the apoptosis inducing property of the ethanolic extract from the leaves of Dendrobium chrysanthum, a species of Dendrobium whose anticancer role has not been ascertained yet.

Methods
To evaluate the anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of D. chrysanthum in vitro in HeLa (human cervical cancer) cells, cytotoxic activity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of apoptosis and effect on cell cycle were determined. The in vivo study was carried out in Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) bearing mice to assess the tumor growth delay.

Results
Our study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. The extract exhibited dose-dependent increase in ROS production as well as apoptotic cell death which was further confirmed through presence of DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry suggests that the ethanolic extract perturbed cell cycle progression and leads to the delay of the cells in S phase. Further, the real-time PCR studies also showed up-regulation of apoptotic genes p53 and Bax. The in vivo antitumor activity exhibited significant increase in the life span of DL bearing mice as compared to control with significant decrease in abdominal size along with reduced tumor ascites.

Conclusions
These observations demonstrate the anticancer potential of the D. chrysanthum ethanolic extract mediated through p53-dependent apoptosis.
Finite groups with six or seven automorphism orbits
Authors: Dantas Alex Carrazedo , Garonzi Martino , Bastos Raimundo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Let G be a group. The orbits of the natural action of

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(G)}

on G are called “automorphism orbits” of G, and the number of automorphism orbits of G is denoted by

ω
⁢

(
G
)

{\omega(G)}

. In this paper the finite non-solvable groups G with

ω
⁢

(
G
)

≤
6

{\omega(G)\leq 6}

are classified – this solves a problem posed by Markus Stroppel – and it is proved that there are infinitely many finite non-solvable groups G with

ω
⁢

(
G
)

=
7

{\omega(G)=7}

. Moreover, it is proved that for a given number n there are only finitely many finite groups G without non-trivial abelian normal subgroups and such that

ω
⁢

(
G
)

≤
n

{\omega(G)\leq n}

, generalizing a result of Kohl.
Historical Evolution of Crimes of Disrespect. Reasons for its Disappearance in the current Spanish Penal Code
Authors: Jiménez Díaz Von María José 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to deepen the historical analysis of the crimes of disrespect in Spanish penal law. This criminal concept, although born surrounded by controversy (1850), remained in force in different criminal codes until its repealing 1995. In particular, a review is made of its treatment in the various penal texts, on which it’s most immediate antecedents were based and identifying the circumstances that once led to its criminalization. The paper ends with some reflections on the reasons that may have led to its decriminalization.
On three steps two-grid finite element methods for the 2D-transient Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Bajpai Saumya , Pani Amiya K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, an error analysis of a three steps two level Galerkin finite element method for the two dimensional transient Navier–Stokes equations is discussed. First of all, the problem is discretized in spatial direction by employing finite element method on a coarse mesh 𝒯
Novel germline mutation (Leu512Met) in the thyrotropin receptor gene (TSHR) leading to sporadic non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism
Authors: Roberts Stephanie A. , Moon Jennifer E. , Dauber Andrew , Smith Jessica R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Primary nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism is a rare cause of neonatal hyperthyroidism. This results from an activating mutation in the thyrotropin-receptor (TSHR). It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner or occur sporadically as a de novo mutation. Affected individuals display a wide phenotype from severe neonatal to mild subclinical hyperthyroidism. We describe a 6-month-old boy with a de novo mutation in theMethods:Genomic DNA from the patient’s and parents’ peripheral blood leukocytes was extracted. Exons 9 and 10 of theResults:Sequencing exon 10 of theConclusions:The p.Leu512Met mutation (c.1534C>A) of the
B-type natriuretic peptide and echocardiography reflect volume changes during pregnancy
Authors: Burlingame Janet M. , Yamasato Kelly , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Seto Todd , Tang W. H. Wilson 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:To evaluate B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac structure and function in normal women through pregnancy and the postpartum.Methods:In this prospective observational study, we obtained serial transthoracic echocardiograms, BNP, and NT-proBNP at seven intervals from 6 weeks’ gestation through 12 months postpartum. Women with hypertension or cardiac disease were excluded. Using 6–12 months postpartum as reference for non-pregnant levels, echocardiogram measurements and BNP/NT-proBNP were compared over time using linear mixed models with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons.Results:Of 116 patients, data was available for 78–114 healthy pregnant or postpartum women within each time interval, and 102 patients provided data for ≥4 intervals. Compared to 6–12 months postpartum, BNP and NT-proBNP remained stable through pregnancy and delivery, increased within 48 h postpartum (P<0.0001), then returned to baseline. Left ventricular volume increased within 48 h postpartum (P=0.021) while left atrial volume increased at 18–24 weeks (P=0.0002), 30–36 weeks (P<0.0001) and within 48 h postpartum (P=0.002). The transmitral early/late diastolic velocity (E/A) ratio, transmitral early/peak mitral annulus diastolic velocity (E/E′) ratio, isovolumic relaxation times, and mitral valve deceleration times were similar within 48 h and 6–12 months postpartum.Conclusion:In normal women, BNP/NT-proBNP, left atrial, and left ventricular volumes increase within 48 h postpartum without indications of altered diastolic function.
Fetal thymus size in pregnant women with diabetic diseases
Authors: Dörnemann Ria , Koch Raphael , Möllmann Ute , Falkenberg Maria Karina , Möllers Mareike , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAim:The aim of our study was to assess fetal thymus size in diabetic pregnancies compared with normal pregnancies.Methods:Sonographic fetal thymus size was retrospectively assessed in 161 pregnancies with maternal diabetes and in 161 uncomplicated pregnancies matched by gestational age. The anteroposterior thymic and the intrathoracic mediastinal diameter were measured and the quotient was calculated [thymic-thoracic ratio (TT-ratio)]. In addition, we defined the quotient of the anteroposterior thymic diameter and the head circumference as thymus-head ratio (TH-ratio). The maternal diabetes cases were subdivided into three groups: (1) diet-controlled gestational diabetes, (2) insulin-dependent gestational diabetes and (3) preexisting maternal diabetes.Results:TT-ratio and TH-ratio were smaller in pregnancies with maternal diabetes (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In all three maternal diabetes subgroups, the TT-ratio and the TH-ratio were lower compared with the control group (P<0.001 for each group).Conclusions:Reduced fetal thymus size seems to be associated with diabetic pregnancy. We introduce fetal thymus size as a new potential prognostic parameter for maternal diabetes.
The Morphological Nativization of French
Loanwords in the Djelfa Dialect with Special
Reference to some Phonological Processes
Targeting it within OT
Authors: Slimani Khedidja 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Algerian Arabic, in general, and the Djelfa dialect, in particular, are receptive to French words.
But such borrowing is not unsystematic as they are adapted in a way compatible with the morphological
and phonological system of the recipient dialect as well as preserving as much information as possible
from the source language. This paper focuses on the morphological nativization of French loanwords in
the Djelfa dialect with special reference to some phonological processes, viz., epenthesis, assimilation
and devocalization that are used to rehabilitate the illicit syllable structures resulting from such
morphological adaptation within Optimality Theory.
A supramolecular approach to controlling the behavior of excited states
Authors: Mongin Cedric , Liang Chih-Kai , Bibal Brigitte , Bassani Dario M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The use of supramolecular interactions to control the reactivity of excited states is discussed with emphasis on covalent bond formation and catalysis. The latter is shown to apply both to the synthesis of organic compounds as well as to the preparation of inorganic materials.
Electrochemical mechanism of uranium mononitride dissolution in aqueous solutions of nitric acid
Authors: Ershov Boris G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It was shown that the dissolution of UN with metallic conduction follows an electrochemical mechanism when it proceeds in contact with an electrically conductive medium (HNO3 solution). According to this mechanism, the oxidation of UN (at the anode) passes an electron into the UN matrix, which is a conductor, and can then reduce nitric acid in a parallel reaction a short distance away at another exposed surface of the UN (at the cathode). As a result, the reduction of HNO3 affords NO and NO2, while oxidation of uranium mononitride affords NH3, N2, and N2O. The occurrence of these two separate processes accounts for the composition and yields of the products formed from UN and HNO3 as well as for the nitrogen isotope distribution between them when UN and HNO3 were labeled with 14N or 15N. A mathematical equation describing the dependence of N2 and N2O yields on HNO3 concentration was derived. It was also shown that the calculated value of standard electromotive force of the galvanic pair formed on the UN surface during its dissolution in HNO3 is high enough to initiate and support the electrochemical mechanism of its dissolution in nitric acid.
Blood-brain barrier-supported neurogenesis in healthy and diseased brain
Authors: Pozhilenkova Elena A. , Lopatina Olga L. , Komleva Yulia K. , Salmin Vladimir V. , Salmina Alla B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to brain development, learning, and memory. Alterations in neurogenesis underlie a wide spectrum of brain diseases. Neurogenesis takes place in highly specialized neurogenic niches. The concept of neurogenic niches is becoming widely accepted due to growing evidence of the important role of the microenvironment established in the close vicinity to stem cells in order to provide adequate control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Neurogenic niches represent the platform for tight integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis supported by specific properties of cerebral microvessel endothelial cells contributing to establishment of partially compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the adjustment of local conditions to the current metabolic needs of stem and progenitor cells. Here, we review up-to-date data on microvascular dynamics in activity-dependent neurogenesis, specific properties of BBB in neurogenic niches, endothelial-driven mechanisms of clonogenic activity, and future perspectives for reconstructing the neurogenic niches in vitro.
How neuroscience can inform the study of individual differences in cognitive abilities
Authors: McFarland Dennis J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Theories of human mental abilities should be consistent with what is known in neuroscience. Currently, tests of human mental abilities are modeled by cognitive constructs such as attention, working memory, and speed of information processing. These constructs are in turn related to a single general ability. However, brains are very complex systems and whether most of the variability between the operations of different brains can be ascribed to a single factor is questionable. Research in neuroscience suggests that psychological processes such as perception, attention, decision, and executive control are emergent properties of interacting distributed networks. The modules that make up these networks use similar computational processes that involve multiple forms of neural plasticity, each having different time constants. Accordingly, these networks might best be characterized in terms of the information they process rather than in terms of abstract psychological processes such as working memory and executive control.
Muscle Activation Differs Between Partial and Full Back Squat Exercise With External Load Equated
Authors: da Silva Josinaldo J. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Marchetti Priscyla N. , Pecoraro Silvio L. , Greve Julia M.D. , Marchetti Paulo H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
da Silva, JJ, Schoenfeld, BJ, Marchetti, PN, Pecoraro, SL, Greve, JMD, and Marchetti, PH. Muscle activation differs between partial and full back squat exercise with external load equated. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1688–1693, 2017—Changes in range of motion affect the magnitude of the load during the squat exercise and, consequently, may influence muscle activation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscle activation between the partial and full back squat exercise with external load equated on a relative basis between conditions. Fifteen young, healthy, resistance-trained men (age: 26 ± 5 years, height: 173 ± 6 cm) performed a back squat at their 10 repetition maximum (10RM) using 2 different ranges of motion (partial and full) in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus, erector spinae, soleus (SL), and gluteus maximus (GM). In general, muscle activity was highest during the partial back squat for GM (p = 0.004), BF (p = 0.009), and SL (p = 0.031) when compared with full-back squat. There was no significant difference for rating of perceived exertion between partial and full back squat exercise at 10RM (8 ± 1 and 9 ± 1, respectively). In conclusion, the range of motion in the back squat alters muscle activation of the prime mover (GM) and stabilizers (SL and BF) when performed with the load equated on a relative basis. Thus, the partial back squat maximizes the level of muscle activation of the GM and associated stabilizer muscles.
Deformations of Cylindrical Corrugated Pipes
Authors: Abdulaliyev Z. , Ataoglu S. , Gemici Z. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Deflection is the main criteria to evaluate the performance of the pipes and corrugations are added to pipes to increase the stiffness. In the relevant standards, ring stiffness is taken into account together with deformation. In this study, the state of strain–stress of the circular cylindrical shell under the uniform loads in the direction of the vertical diameter, distributed along a certain length of the generatrixes of the shell is investigated by the analytical and experimental methods. The obtained analytical results are applied to the investigation of the state of strain of the corrugated plastic pipes which are widely used in the construction of infrastructure facilities. Comparison of the obtained analytical and experimental data reveals their satisfactory agreement. The results enable to overcome the difficulties in assessing the data received during testing stiffness of corrugated pipes which are subjected to the vertical loads.
Performance Evaluation of PV Interfaced Z-Source-Network-Based Shunt Active Power Filter
Authors: Sellakumar S. , Vijayakumar M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, a photovoltaic supported Z-source-inverter (ZSI)-based shunt active power filter (SAPF) is proposed for power-quality improvement. The topology has a voltage source inverter (VSI), which is connected in parallel with the point of common coupling (PCC), and is assisted by an impedance network. The Z-source network is really a distinct impedance network to facilitate interconnection between the photovoltaic (PV) power-generating system and VSI. The key features of ZSI can boost up the changeable dc voltage into any specified AC output voltage, decrease the components required, and mitigate harmonic content. The compensation capability of the SAPF mainly depends on the control scheme utilized to reference current generations. In addition, the control scheme decides a number of sensor essential and measurement practices; thus, it also estimates the cost of the topology. In this proposed system, second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) is employed to extract the reference current of SAPF. The SOGI-based control scheme uses only the measurement of the converter, and load current as the feedback signals therefore does not need voltage measurement and sensors. The proposed SAPF topology utilizes an alternative energy source having an energy storage unit to compensate the long-term current disturbances and voltage interruption and mete out the active power requirement of the utility grid. The PV-supported ZSI-based SAPF tested with various kinds of loads can examine the performance of the system under steady and dynamic state conditions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and PV-supported SAPF topology, the simulation and experimental results are presented.
Performance Characteristics of Fiber-Optic Strain Sensors as Compared With Electrical Resistance and Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges
Authors: Kim K. , Tia M. , Greene J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presented experimental results of fiber-optic sensor performance in terms of its accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility. Strain sensors were embedded in concrete specimens, which were then subjected to the same known static and dynamic load, and their responses were compared to each other on the same basis. In addition to evaluating the response due to load, the measurements due to concrete drying shrinkage were also evaluated. According to the experimental test results, the fiber-optic strain sensor (FOS) showed an average error of 2.7 με, as compared with average errors of 5.7 and 5.6 με for an electrical resistance strain gauge and a vibrating wire strain gauge (VWSG), respectively. In addition, the repeatability of the FOS in terms of coefficient of variation (COV) was 7.5 % as compared with COVs of 4.4, 5.6, and 9.6 % for three different electrical resistance strain gauges and the reproducibility of the FOS in terms of COV was 9.8 % as compared with COVs of 5.4, 5.7, and 10.1 % for three different electrical resistance gauges. When compared with the strains measured by a calibrated LVDT in a concrete drying shrinkage test where the strains varied from 0 to around 250 με, the FOS showed an average difference of 30.37 με, whereas the VWSG showed an average difference of 34.04 με. However, these difference were statistically insignificant at 95 % confidence level. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the FOS is found to have similar accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility as compared to electrical resistance and VWSG.