bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive shape memory behavior of spring‐shaped polylactic acid alloy type
Authors: Siahsarani A. , Behravesh A. H. , Barmouz M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis article presents an experimental study on the shape memory behavior of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) at the PLA/TPU weight ratios of 70/30 (PT7030) and 50/50 (PT5050). The manufactured springs were studied comprehensively based on their morphological and thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs were captured, which verified that TPU was compatible with PLA. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction suggested that the crystallinity of PLA was enhanced in the presence of TPU. In order to determine the shape recovery properties [shape recovery ratio (Rr), shape fixing ratio (Rf), and shape recovery force (Fr)], the samples programmed at three different temperatures (Tp) of 70, 80, and 90 °
and at various recovery temperatures (Tr) over 40 to 90 °
, were studied. In general, the spring made with PT7030 showed higher Rr, Rf, and Fr values. The highest Rr (99%) was obtained at programmed temperature (Tp) of 70 °
and recovery temperature (Tr) of 90 °
. However, the Rr value for this spring programmed at 70 °
and recovered near body temperature was 50% with Fr of 1.4 N. Furthermore, the highest Fr (15.6 N) was observed in the spring made of PT7030 programmed at 80 °
and recovered at Tr of 78  °
. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45115.
Enzymatic Synthesis of 7′,5′‐Bicyclo‐DNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Diafa Stella , Evéquoz Damien , Leumann Christian J. , Hollenstein Marcel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe selection of artificial genetic polymers with tailor‐made properties for their application in synthetic biology requires the exploration of new nucleosidic scaffolds that can be used in selection experiments. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a bicyclo‐DNA triphosphate (i.e., 7′,5′‐bc‐TTP) and show its potential to serve for the generation of new xenonucleic acids (XNAs) based on this scaffold. 7′,5′‐bc‐TTP is a good substrate for Therminator DNA polymerase, and up to seven modified units can be incorporated into a growing DNA chain. In addition, this scaffold sustains XNA‐dependent DNA synthesis and potentially also XNA‐dependent XNA synthesis. However, DNA‐dependent XNA synthesis on longer templates is hampered by competitive misincorporation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) caused by the slow rate of incorporation of 7′,5′‐bc‐TTP.
Quality by control: Towards model predictive control of mammalian cell culture bioprocesses
Authors: Sommeregger Wolfgang , Sissolak Bernhard , Kandra Kulwant , von Stosch Moritz , Mayer Martin , Striedner Gerald 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe industrial production of complex biopharmaceuticals using recombinant mammalian cell lines is still mainly built on a quality by testing approach, which is represented by fixed process conditions and extensive testing of the end‐product. In 2004 the FDA launched the process analytical technology initiative, aiming to guide the industry towards advanced process monitoring and better understanding of how critical process parameters affect the critical quality attributes. Implementation of process analytical technology into the bio‐production process enables moving from the quality by testing to a more flexible quality by design approach. The application of advanced sensor systems in combination with mathematical modelling techniques offers enhanced process understanding, allows on‐line prediction of critical quality attributes and subsequently real‐time product quality control. In this review opportunities and unsolved issues on the road to a successful quality by design and dynamic control implementation are discussed. A major focus is directed on the preconditions for the application of model predictive control for mammalian cell culture bioprocesses. Design of experiments providing information about the process dynamics upon parameter change, dynamic process models, on‐line process state predictions and powerful software environments seem to be a prerequisite for quality by control realization.
Prospective trial to evaluate the prognostic value of different nutritional assessment scores in pancreatic surgery (NURIMAS Pancreas)
Authors: Probst P , Haller S , Bruckner T , Ulrich A , Strobel O , Hackert T , Diener M K , Büchler M W , Knebel P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Preoperative nutritional status has an impact on patients' clinical outcome. For pancreatic surgery, however, it is unclear which nutritional assessment scores adequately assess malnutrition associated with postoperative outcome.

Methods
Patients scheduled for elective pancreatic surgery at the University of Heidelberg were screened for eligibility. Twelve nutritional assessment scores were calculated before operation, and patients were categorized as either at risk or not at risk for malnutrition by each score. The postoperative course was monitored prospectively by assessors blinded to the nutritional status. The primary endpoint was major complications evaluated for each score in a multivariable analysis corrected for known risk factors in pancreatic surgery.

Results
Overall, 279 patients were analysed. A major complication occurred in 61 patients (21·9 per cent). The proportion of malnourished patients differed greatly among the scores, from 1·1 per cent (Nutritional Risk Index) to 79·6 per cent (Nutritional Risk Classification). In the multivariable analysis, only raised amylase level in drainage fluid on postoperative day 1 (odds ratio (OR) 4·91, 95 per cent c.i. 1·10 to 21·84; P = 0·037) and age (OR 1·05, 1·02 to 1·09; P = 0·005) were significantly associated with major complications; none of the scores was associated with, or predicted, postoperative complications.

Conclusion
None of the nutritional assessment scores defined malnutrition relevant to complications after pancreatic surgery and these scores may thus be abandoned.
Ionic Liquids in Space Technology – Current and Future Trends
Authors: Nancarrow Paul , Mohammed Hanin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe space technology industry has been at the forefront of technological innovation since the late 1950s. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained increasing attention in a wide range of space‐related applications, due to their advantageous properties such as non‐volatility and wide liquid temperature range. In particular, the ability to design ILs with optimal physical and chemical properties for a given application has allowed them to be employed in a wide range of studies. In this review paper, an overview of ionic liquids and their properties in the context of space technology applications is given. Recent studies into the use of ionic liquids in space propulsion, space lubrication, thermal control, composite materials, space telescopes, and life support systems are reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, where applicable, the potential future trends for ILs in space applications are highlighted.
Use of the Trost Ligand in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Cettolin Mattia , Puylaert Pim , Pignataro Luca , Hinze Sandra , Gennari Cesare , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Trost ligand, (1S,2S)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane‐N,N′‐bis(2′‐diphenylphosphinobenzoyl) (L), is reported for the first time as a ligand for the asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of ketones. Ligand (S,S)‐L was screened in the presence of several metal salts and was found to form active catalysts if combined with ruthenium sources in the presence of hydrogen and a base. Reaction optimization was performed by screening different Ru sources, solvents, and bases. Under the optimized conditions, the complex formed by the combination of (S,S)‐L with RuCl3(H2O)x in the presence of Na2CO3 was able to promote the AH of several ketones at room temperature in good yields with up to 96 % ee. The reaction kinetics measured under the optimized conditions revealed the presence of a long induction period, during which the initially formed Ru species was transformed into the catalytically active complex by reaction with hydrogen. Remarkably, a ketone that is a precursor of the antiemetic drug aprepitant was hydrogenated in excellent yield with a good ee value.
Process Optimization of the Methanol Synthesis Using Different Local Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Sundberg Johannes , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Peschel Andreas , Klein Harald 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProzessoptimierung wird oft mit wenig flexibler Optimierungsfunktionalität in Prozesssimulatoren oder nach zeitintensiver Modellierung und Implementierung in algebraischen Modellierungssprachen durchgeführt. Der in dieser Arbeit angewandte hybride Ansatz nutzt Vorteile beider Methoden: MATLAB wird als Optimierungsplattform mit dem Prozesssimulator UniSim Design gekoppelt. Der Ansatz wird am Beispiel der industriellen Methanolsynthese evaluiert. Für die Optimierung werden gradientenbasierte und ableitungsfreie Algorithmen angewendet und so bestehende Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet sinnvoll ergänzt.
Combination of KPCA and causality analysis for root cause diagnosis of industrial process fault
Authors: Gharahbagheri Hasssan , Imtiaz Syed , Khan Faisal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractKernel principal component analysis (KPCA) based monitoring has good fault detection capability for nonlinear process systems; however, it can only isolate variables that have a contribution to the occurrence of a fault, and thus it is not precise in diagnosing. Since there is a cause and effect relationship between different variables in a process, accordingly a network‐based causality analysis method was developed for different fault scenarios to show causal relationships between different variables and to see the causal effect between the variables most contributing to the occurrence of a fault. It was shown that KPCA in combination with causality analysis is a powerful tool for diagnosing the root cause of a fault in the process. In this paper the proposed methodology was applied to a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit and the Tennessee Eastman process to diagnose root causes for different faulty scenarios.
Integrating an AAA‐based federation mechanism for OpenStack—The CLASSe view
Authors: Pérez Méndez Alejandro , López Millán Gabriel , Marín López Rafael , Chadwick David W. , Schechtman Sette Ioram 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIdentity federations enable users, service providers, and identity providers from different organizations to exchange authentication and authorization information in a secure way. In this paper, we present a novel identity federation architecture for cloud services based on the integration of a cloud identity management service with an authentication, authorization, and accounting infrastructure. Specifically, we analyse how this type of authentication, authorization, and accounting–based federation can be smoothly integrated into OpenStack, the leading open source cloud software solution, using the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Application Bridging for Federated Access Beyond web specification for authentication and authorization. We provide details of the implementation undertaken in GÉANT's CLASSe project and show its validation in a real testbed.
Characterization of heart failure patients with mid‐range left ventricular ejection fraction—a report from the CHART‐2 Study
Authors: Tsuji Kanako , Sakata Yasuhiko , Nochioka Kotaro , Miura Masanobu , Yamauchi Takeshi , Onose Takeo , Abe Ruri , Oikawa Takuya , Kasahara Shintaro , Sato Masayuki , Shiroto Takashi , Takahashi Jun , Miyata Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki ,   on behalf of the CHART‐2 Investigators
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe new category of heart failure (HF), HF with mid‐range left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HFmrEF), has recently been proposed. However, the clinical features of HFmrEF, with reference to HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) and HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) in the same HF cohort, remain to be fully examined.Methods and resultsIn the Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District‐2 Study, we examined 3480 consecutive HF patients with echocardiography data consisting of 2154 HFpEF (LVEF ≥50%), 596 HFmrEF (LVEF 40–49%) and 730 HFrEF (LVEF <40%). While clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of HFmrEF were intermediate between HFpEF and HFrEF, prognosis of HFmrEF resembled HFpEF and the prognostic impact of cardiovascular medications in HFmrEF resembled that of HFrEF. Analysis of LVEF transition among the three groups revealed that HFmrEF and HFrEF dynamically transitioned to other categories, especially within 1 year, whereas HFpEF did not; HFmrEF at registration transitioned to HFpEF and HFrEF by 44% and 16% at 1 year, and 45% and 21% at 3 years, respectively. Landmark analysis demonstrated that, regardless of HF stages at registration, HFmrEF patients at 1 year had mortality comparable to that of HFpEF patients, which was better than HFrEF patients, but HFmrEF patients at registration had increased mortality when transitioned to HFrEF at 1 year.ConclusionsThese results indicate that clinical characteristics of HFmrEF are intermediate between HFpEF and HFrEF and that HFmrEF dynamically transitions to HFpEF or HFrEF, especially within 1 year, suggesting that HFmrEF represents a transitional status or an overlap zone between HFpEF and HFrEF, rather than an independent entity of HF.
A review on rosemary as a natural antioxidation solution
Authors: Xie Jia , VanAlstyne Peter , Uhlir Anita , Yang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2017

The following work is a review on the antioxidant capacity of rosemary extract. Rosemary extract is one of the most popular naturally sourced antioxidants that has been used in the food industry around the world. It is widely used in multiple food applications including frying oils, fish oils, snacks, roasted nuts, meat products, and many others. The extraction methods that were used to purify antioxidant compounds from rosemary were introduced. The analytical test results on rosemary extract showed that it has high levels of phenolic compounds. The major active compounds were identified as carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid. In food application tests, rosemary extract was found to reduce lipid autoxidation and photo‐oxidation significantly. Oxidation products/markers like peroxide value, p‐Anisidine value, TBARS value, and hexanal were measured, and the readings were observed lower in the samples dosed with rosemary extract. Besides, rosemary extract was also found to have a positive impact on reducing the sensation of rancidity notes in foods and protecting them from color loss. In some applications, the performance of rosemary extract is comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA, BHT, and TBHQ. It was also found that when rosemary extract was combined with ascorbic acid, citric acid, or other naturally sourced antioxidants, synergistic effects were formed to provide superior antioxidant performance.This is a review paper on rosemary extract's processing methods and related application in the food industry for its antioxidant function. The major active compounds in rosemary extract are found to be carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid. These compounds could be selectively extracted by controlling the solvents’ polarity. Greener extraction methods are also introduced to support the demanding clean label food trend. Finally, the applications of rosemary in different food matrices are reviewed to show the overall performance on reducing the oxidation of lipids and improving food products’ shelf‐life.
Assessing the toxicity of the “inert” safener benoxacor toward Chironomus riparius: Effects of agrochemical mixtures
Authors: Bolyard Kasey , Gresens Susan E. , Ricko Allison N. , Sivey John D. , Salice Christopher J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The environmental effects of safeners, agrochemicals that protect crops from herbicide toxicity, are largely unknown, perhaps because they are classified as inert ingredients. We assessed the toxicity to larvae of Chironomus riparius of 1) the dichloroacetamide safener benoxacor; 2) its degradation product, monochloro-benoxacor; 3) the herbicide with which benoxacor is paired, S-metolachlor; and 4) a mixture of S-metolachlor + benoxacor. Under iron-reducing conditions, benoxacor can undergo reductive dechlorination, producing monochloro-benoxacor. To simulate iron-reducing conditions, we prepared benthic microcosms containing an iron-rich silt–clay sediment amended with cellulose. Larval C. riparius were exposed to single chemicals via spiked sediment at nominal concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 mg/kg. Concentrations of a 1:1 mixture of safener and herbicide ranged from 0.02 to 200 mg/kg. Kinetic modeling of microcosm aqueous-phase concentrations indicated that benoxacor transformed with a half-life of 12 d. Cox proportional hazard models of time to emergence during 28-d experiments showed that females had a lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) for benoxacor at 1 mg/kg, whereas their LOEC for monochloro-benoxacor was 0.1 mg/kg. For males, the LOEC for all treatments was 100 mg/kg (200 mg/kg for the mixture). Synergistic effects of the mixture were observed only in females, with a LOEC of 0.2 mg/kg. These results suggest that benoxacor presents a low toxicity risk to C. riparius in environmental systems; however, the possibility of synergistic effects between benoxacor and S-metolachlor merits further investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2660–2670. © 2017 SETAC
Clinical utility of bioimpedance analysis in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroki , Enomoto Hirayuki , Iwata Yoshinori , Nishimura Takashi , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the present study was to examine the impact of muscle mass depletion (MMD) as determined by data in bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients (n = 382, 204 in male and 178 in female) on survival and to validate the utility of cutoff values in BIA recommended from current recommendations.MethodsMuscle mass depletion was defined as patients with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) using BIA <7.0 cm2/m2 for male and <5.7 cm2/m2 for female based on current recommendations. We retrospectively examined variables related to the presence of MMD using univariate and multivariate analyses and investigated the impact of MMD on survival.ResultsA total of 135 patients (35.3%) had MMD. Subjects were predominantly Child–Pugh A (278/382, 72.8%). For the entire cohort, the 5‐year cumulative survival rates were 59.8% in patients with MMD and 84.4% in patients without MMD (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis for survival, MMD revealed to be a significant adverse predictor for survival and for most subgroup analyses, the differences between MMD group and non‐MMD group in terms of survival reached significance.ConclusionMuscle mass measurement using BIA may be helpful for LC patients and current recommendations were well verified in our analysis.
Accelerated radial diffusion spectrum imaging using a multi‐echo stimulated echo diffusion sequence
Authors: Baete Steven H. , Boada Fernando E. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeDiffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) provides us non‐invasively and robustly with anatomical details of brain microstructure. To achieve sufficient angular resolution, DSI requires a large number of q‐space samples, leading to long acquisition times. This need is mitigated here by combining the beneficial properties of Radial q‐space sampling for DSI with a Multi‐Echo Stimulated Echo Sequence (MESTIM).MethodsFull 2D k‐spaces for each of several q‐space samples, along the same radially outward line in q‐space, are acquired in one readout train with one spin and three stimulated echoes. RF flip angles are carefully chosen to distribute spin magnetization over the echoes and the DSI reconstruction is adapted to account for differences in diffusion time among echoes.ResultsIndividual datasets and bootstrapped reproducibility analysis demonstrate image quality and SNR of the more‐than‐twofold‐accelerated RDSI MESTIM sequence. Orientation distribution functions (ODF) and tractography results benefit from the longer diffusion times of the latter echoes in the echo train.ConclusionA MESTIM sequence can be used to shorten RDSI acquisition times significantly without loss of image or ODF quality. Further acceleration is possible by combination with simultaneous multi‐slice techniques. Magn Reson Med 79:306–316, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
An Optimised Method for Routine Separation and Quantification of Major Alkaloids in Cortex Cinchona by HPLC Coupled with UV and Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Holmfred Else , Cornett Claus , Maldonado Carla , Rønsted Nina , Hansen Steen Honoré 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionAuthentication of herbal products to ensure efficacy and safety require efficient separation and quantification of constituents. Standard assays for Cinchona bark used for the treatment of malaria and production of quinine, either use only spectrophotometry to detect two pairs of diastereoisomers of quinine and cinchonine type alkaloids (European Pharmacopoeia, Ph.Eur.) or liquid chromatography primarily optimised for detection of the four major alkaloids. However, numerous minor alkaloids occur in Cinchona and related species and efficient separation including gradient elution is necessary in order to obtain the full pattern of constituents in bark samples.ObjectiveTo develop an optimised HPLC method for separation and quantitative analysis of the four major alkaloids in Cinchona bark using UV detection.MethodologyDimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) extracts of 50 mg of pulverised barks were prepared using ultrasonication. The chromatographic separation was performed on an XB‐C18 column packed with 2.6 μm particles. Gradient elution using an ammonium formate buffer and methanol as organic modifier over 26 min was based on non‐chiral separation of the diastereoisomers and the high solvent selectivity of methanol. Post column UV detection was performed at 250 nm and 330 nm. Fluorescence detection was performed using 330 nm for excitation and 420 nm for emission.ResultsThe optimised HPLC method facilitates efficient separation and quantification of the four major alkaloids in 26 min with a limit of quantification of 5 μg/g from 50 mg bark sample.ConclusionThe optimised HPLC method offers a simple and efficient quantification of the four major alkaloids. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.