bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic population spike delays across cortical layers within and between primary sensory areas
Authors: Plomp Gijs , Michel Christoph M. , Quairiaux Charles 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe coordinated propagation of activity across cortical layers enables simultaneous local computation and inter-areal interactions. A pattern of upward propagation from deeper to more superficial layers, which has been repeatedly demonstrated in spontaneous activity, would allow these functions to occur in parallel. But it remains unclear whether upward propagation also occurs for stimulus evoked activity, and how it relates to activity in other cortical areas. Here we used a new method to analyze relative delays between spikes obtained from simultaneous laminar recordings in primary sensory cortex (S1) of both hemispheres. The results identified systematic spike delays across cortical layers that showed a general upward propagation of activity in evoked and spontaneous activity. Systematic spike delays were also observed between hemispheres. After spikes in one S1 the delays in the other S1 were shortest at infragranular layers and increased in the upward direction. Model comparisons furthermore showed that upward propagation was better explained as a step-wise progression over cortical layers than as a traveling wave. The results are in line with the notion that upward propagation functionally integrates activity into local processing at superficial layers, while efficiently allowing for simultaneous inter-areal interactions.
Infrared single photon detector based on optical up-converter at 1550 nm
Authors: Bai Peng , Zhang Y. H. , Shen W. Z. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh performance single photon detector at the wavelength of 1550 nm has drawn wide attention and achieved vast improvement due to its significant application in quantum information, quantum key distribution, as well as cosmology. A novel infrared up-conversion single photon detector (USPD) at 1550 nm was proposed to work in free-running regime based on the InGaAs/ InP photodetector (PD)- GaAs/AlGaAs LED up-converter and Si single photon avalanche diode (SPAD). In contrast to conventional In0.53Ga0.47As SPAD, the USPD can suppress dark count rate and afterpulsing efficiently without sacrificing the photon detection efficiency (PDE). A high PDE of ~45% can be achieved by optical adhesive coupling between up-converter and Si SPAD. Using a developed analytical model we gave a noise equivalent power of 1.39 × 10−18 WHz1/2 at 200 K for the USPD, which is better than that of InGaAs SPAD. This work provides a new single photon detection scheme for telecom band.
sPAGM: inferring subpathway activity by integrating gene and miRNA expression-robust functional signature identification for melanoma prognoses
Authors: Zhang Chun-Long , Xu Yan-Jun , Yang Hai-Xiu , Xu Ying-Qi , Shang De-Si , Wu Tan , Zhang Yun-Peng , Li Xia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate biological pathways by inhibiting gene expression. However, most current analytical methods fail to consider miRNAs, when inferring functional or pathway activities. In this study, we developed a model called sPAGM to infer subpathway activities by integrating gene and miRNA expressions. In this model, we reconstructed subpathway graphs by embedding miRNA components, and characterized subpathway activity (sPA) scores by simultaneously considering the expression levels of miRNAs and genes. The results showed that the sPA scores could distinguish different samples across tumor types, as well as samples between tumor and normal conditions. Moreover, the sPAGM model displayed more specificities than the entire pathway-based analyses. This model was applied to melanoma tumors to perform a prognosis analysis, which identified a robust 55-subpathway signature. By using The Cancer Genome Atlas and independently verified data sets, the subpathway-based signature significantly predicted the patients’ prognoses, which were independent of clinical variables. In the prognostic performance comparison, the sPAGM model was superior to the gene-only and miRNA-only methods. Finally, we dissected the functional roles and interactions of components within the subpathway signature. Taken together, the sPAGM model provided a framework for inferring subpathway activities and identifying functional signatures for clinical applications.
Prediction of human prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and bisphenol A glucuronide from an ovine semi-physiological toxicokinetic model
Authors: Gauderat Glenn , Picard-Hagen Nicole , Toutain Pierre-Louis , Servien Rémi , Viguié Catherine , Puel Sylvie , Lacroix Marlène Z. , Corbel Tanguy , Bousquet-Melou Alain , Gayrard Véronique 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) risk assessment is hampered by the difficulty of determining the extent of internal exposure in the human fetus and uncertainties regarding BPA toxicokinetics (TK) in the maternal-fetal unit. A feto-maternal TK model describing BPA and BPA glucuronide (BPAG) disposition in sheep was humanized, using human TK data obtained after d6-BPA administration on a cookie, to predict BPA and BPAG kinetics in the human mother-fetus unit. Validation of the model predictions included the assessed dose proportionality of BPA and BPAG disposition and the similarity between the simulated and measured time courses of BPA and BPAG in fetal rhesus monkeys after BPA maternal dosing. The model predicted fluctuations in fetal BPA concentrations associated with typical maternal exposure to BPA through the diet, with similar trough (0.011 ng/L vs 0.014 ng/L) and lower peak BPA concentrations (0.023 ng/L vs 0.14 ng/L) in fetal than in maternal plasma. BPAG concentrations in fetal plasma were predicted to increase over time to reach a steady value (29 ng/L) reflecting the cumulative BPA dose received by the fetus. Model-predicted BPAG concentrations in fetal plasma are consistent with reported levels in human cord blood that may be considered as relevant markers of the BPA dose entering blood throughout fetal life.
The primary cilium is necessary for the differentiation and the maintenance of human adipose progenitors into myofibroblasts
Authors: Arrighi N. , Lypovetska K. , Moratal C. , Giorgetti-Peraldi S. , Dechesne C. A. , Dani C. , Peraldi P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe primary cilium is an organelle, present at the cell surface, with various biological functions. We, and others, have shown that it plays a role in the differentiation of adipose progenitors (APs) into adipocytes. APs can also differentiate into myofibroblasts when treated with TGF-β1. Several components of the TGF-β1 pathway are located within the cilium suggesting a function for this organelle in AP myofibrogenesis. We studied differentiation of APs into myofibroblasts in two human models: APs of the adipose tissue (aAPs) and APs resident in the skeletal muscles (mAPs). We showed that, in vivo, myofibroblasts within muscles of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy were ciliated. In vitro, myofibroblasts derived from APs maintained a functional primary cilium. Using HPI4, a small molecule that inhibits ciliogenesis, and siRNA against Kif-3A, we provide evidence that the primary cilium is necessary both for the differentiation of APs into myofibroblasts and the maintenance of the phenotype. Disruption of the primary cilium inhibited TGF-β1-signalisation providing a molecular mechanism by which the cilium controls myofibroblast differentiation. These data suggest that myofibroblasts from various origins are controlled differently by their primary cilium.
Stable Isotopes Reveal Rapid Enamel Elongation (Amelogenesis) Rates for the Early Cretaceous Iguanodontian Dinosaur Lanzhousaurus magnidens
Authors: Suarez Celina A. , You Hai-Lu , Suarez Marina B. , Li Da-Qing , Trieschmann J. B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLanzhousaurus magnidens, a large non-hadrosauriform iguanodontian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group of Gansu Province, China has the largest known herbivorous dinosaur teeth. Unlike its hadrosauriform relatives possessing tooth batteries of many small teeth, Lanzhousaurus utilized a small number (14) of very large teeth (~10 cm long) to create a large, continuous surface for mastication. Here we investigate the significance of Lanzhousaurus in the evolutionary history of iguanodontian-hadrosauriform transition by using a combination of stable isotope analysis and CT imagery. We infer that Lanzhousaurus had a rapid rate of tooth enamel elongation or amelogenesis at 0.24 mm/day with dental tissues common to other Iguanodontian dinosaurs. Among ornithopods, high rates of amelogenesis have been previously observed in hadrosaurids, where they have been associated with a sophisticated masticatory apparatus. These data suggest rapid amelogenesis evolved among non-hadrosauriform iguanodontians such as Lanzhousaurus, representing a crucial step that was exapted for the evolution of the hadrosaurian feeding mechanism.
Critical switching current density induced by spin Hall effect in magnetic structures with first- and second-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Yun Seok Jin , Lee Kyung-Jin , Lim Sang Ho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, we derive analytical expressions for the critical switching current density induced by spin Hall effect in magnetic structures with the first- and second-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We confirm the validity of the expressions by comparing the analytical results with those obtained from a macrospin simulation. Moreover, we find that for a particular thermal stability parameter, the switching current density can be minimized for a slightly positive second-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the minimum switching current density can further be tuned using an external magnetic field. The analytical expressions are of considerable value in designing high-density magnetic random access memory and cryogenic memory.
Objective quantification of nanoscale protein distributions
Authors: Szoboszlay Miklos , Kirizs Tekla , Nusser Zoltan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanoscale distribution of molecules within small subcellular compartments of neurons critically influences their functional roles. Although, numerous ways of analyzing the spatial arrangement of proteins have been described, a thorough comparison of their effectiveness is missing. Here we present an open source software, GoldExt, with a plethora of measures for quantification of the nanoscale distribution of proteins in subcellular compartments (e.g. synapses) of nerve cells. First, we compared the ability of five different measures to distinguish artificial uniform and clustered patterns from random point patterns. Then, the performance of a set of clustering algorithms was evaluated on simulated datasets with predefined number of clusters. Finally, we applied the best performing methods to experimental data, and analyzed the nanoscale distribution of different pre- and postsynaptic proteins, revealing random, uniform and clustered sub-synaptic distribution patterns. Our results reveal that application of a single measure is sufficient to distinguish between different distributions.
Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root biomass are reduced by aridity but enhanced by soil nitrogen: A global assessment
Authors: Piñeiro Juan , Ochoa-Hueso Raúl , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Dobrick Silvan , Reich Peter B. , Pendall Elise , Power Sally A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlant roots play a crucial role in regulating key ecosystem processes such as carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient solubilisation. Elevated (e)CO2 is expected to alter the biomass of fine, coarse and total roots to meet increased demand for other resources such as water and nitrogen (N), however, the magnitude and direction of observed changes vary considerably between ecosystems. Here, we assessed how climate and soil properties mediate root responses to eCO2 by comparing 24 field-based CO2 experiments across the globe including a wide range of ecosystem types. We calculated response ratios (i.e. effect size) and used structural equation modelling (SEM) to achieve a system-level understanding of how aridity, mean annual temperature and total soil nitrogen simultaneously drive the response of total, coarse and fine root biomass to eCO2. Models indicated that increasing aridity limits the positive response of fine and total root biomass to eCO2, and that fine (but not coarse or total) root responses to eCO2 are positively related to soil total N. Our results provide evidence that consideration of factors such as aridity and soil N status is crucial for predicting plant and ecosystem-scale responses to future changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and thus feedbacks to climate change.
SaccharomycesIDentifier, SID: strain-level analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations by using microsatellite meta-patterns
Authors: Stefanini Irene , Albanese Davide , Sordo Maddalena , Legras Jean-Luc , De Filippo Carlotta , Cavalieri Duccio , Donati Claudio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis a common yeast with several applications, among which the most ancient is winemaking. Because individuals belonging to this species show a wide genetic and phenotypic variability, the possibility to identify the strains driving fermentation is pivotal when aiming at stable and palatable products. Metagenomic sequencing is increasingly used to decipher the fungal populations present in complex samples such as musts. However, it does not provide information at the strain level. Microsatellites are commonly used to describe the genotype of single strains. Here we developed a population-level microsatellite profiling approach,SID (Saccharomyces cerevisiaeIDentifier), to identify the strains present in complex environmental samples. We optimized and assessed the performances of the analytical procedure on patterns generatedin silicoby computationally poolingSaccharomyces cerevisiaemicrosatellite profiles, and on samples obtained by pooling DNA of different strains, proving its ability to characterize real samples of grape wine fermentations.SID showed clear differences amongS.cerevisiaepopulations in grape fermentation samples, identifying strains that are likely composing the populations and highlighting the impact of the inoculation of selected exogenous strains on natural strains. This tool can be successfully exploited to identifyS.cerevisiaestrains in any kind of complex samples.
Investigation of novel metabolites potentially involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease using a UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics approach
Authors: Li Yiping , Zhang Dong , He Yuan , Chen Changzhe , Song Chenxi , Zhao Yanyan , Bai Yinxiao , Wang Yang , Pu Jielin , Chen Jingzhou , Yang Yuejin , Dou Kefei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCoronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with complex metabolic disorders, but its molecular aetiology remains unclear. Using a novel nontargeted metabolomics approach, we explored the global metabolic perturbation profile for CHD. Blood samples from 150 patients with severe obstructive CHD and 150 angiographically normal controls were collected. Metabolic fingerprinting was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) technique. After adjusting for CHD traditional risk factors and metabolic batch, a comprehensive list of 105 metabolites was found to be significantly altered in CHD patients. Among the metabolites identified, six metabolites were discovered to have the strongest correlation with CHD after adjusting for multiple testing: palmitic acid (β = 0.205; p < 0.0001), linoleic acid (β = 0.133; p < 0.0001), 4-pyridoxic acid (β = 0.142; p < 0.0001), phosphatidylglycerol (20:3/2:0) (β = 0.287; p < 0.0001), carnitine (14:1) (β = 0.332; p < 0.0001) and lithocholic acid (β = 0.224; p < 0.0001); of these, 4-pyridoxic acid, lithocholic acid and phosphatidylglycerol (20:3/2:0) were, to the best of our knowledge, first reported in this study. A logistic regression model further quantified their positive independent correlations with CHD. In conclusion, this study surveyed a broad panel of nontargeted metabolites in Chinese CHD populations and identified novel metabolites that are potentially involved in CHD pathogenesis.
Superconducting Properties in Arrays of Nanostructured β-Gallium
Authors: Moura K. O. , Pirota K. R. , Béron F. , Jesus C. B. R. , Rosa P. F. S. , Tobia D. , Pagliuso P. G. , Lima O. F. de 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSamples of nanostructured β-Ga wires were synthesized by a novel method of metallic-flux nanonucleation. Several superconducting properties were observed, revealing the stabilization of a weak-coupling type-II-like superconductor ($${T}_{c}$$

T

c

$$\approx $$
≈
6.2 K) with a Ginzburg-Landau parameter $${\kappa }_{GL}$$

κ

G
L

= 1.18. This contrasts the type-I superconductivity observed for the majority of Ga phases, including small spheres of β-Ga with diameters near 15 μm. Remarkably, our magnetization curves reveal a crossover field $${H}_{D}$$

H

D

, where we propose that the Abrikosov vortices are exactly touching their neighbors inside the Ga nanowires. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain this result by assuming that only a single row of vortices is allowed inside a nanowire under perpendicular applied field, with an appreciable depletion of Cooper pair density at the nanowire edges. These results are expected to shed light on the growing area of superconductivity in nanostructured materials.
Diagnostic value of blood-derived microRNAs for schizophrenia: results of a meta-analysis and validation
Authors: Liu Sha , Zhang Fuquan , Wang Xijin , Shugart Yin Yao , Zhao Yingying , Li Xinrong , Liu Zhifen , Sun Ning , Yang Chunxia , Zhang Kerang , Yue Weihua , Yu Xin , Xu Yong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in searching biomarkers for schizophrenia (SZ) diagnosis, which overcomes the drawbacks inherent with the subjective diagnostic methods. MicroRNA (miRNA) fingerprints have been explored for disease diagnosis. We performed a meta-analysis to examine miRNA diagnostic value for SZ and further validated the meta-analysis results. Using following terms: schizophrenia/SZ, microRNA/miRNA, diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity, we searched databases restricted to English language and reviewed all articles published from January 1990 to October 2016. All extracted data were statistically analyzed and the results were further validated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) isolated from patients and healthy controls using RT-qPCR and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A total of 6 studies involving 330 patients and 202 healthy controls were included for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75-0.86), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88) and 18 (95% CI: 9-34), respectively; the positive and negative likelihood ratio was 4.3 and 0.24 respectively; the area under the curve in summary ROC was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90). Validation revealed that miR-181b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-137, miR-346 and miR-34a-5p in PBMNCs had high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the context of schizophrenia. In conclusion, blood-derived miRNAs might be promising biomarkers for SZ diagnosis.
Alte und neue Strukturen von Public Health in Deutschland
Authors: Wildner Manfred 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungPublic-Health-Strukturen im Deutschland der zweiten Dekade des 21. Jahrhunderts werden in ihren Grundzügen vorgestellt. Dabei wird Bezug genommen zu den staatlichen Public-Health-Förderprogrammen Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts und der erfolgreichen erneuten Etablierung von Public-Health-Kompetenzen und Kapazitäten an den Hochschulen und Universitäten. Strukturen in direkter staatlicher Trägerschaft, in öffentlich-rechtlicher Selbstverwaltung und im nicht-staatlichen for-profit und not-for-profit Sektor werden aufgezeigt. Zukünftige Herausforderungen werden skizziert und ein vernetztes Modell in dreistelliger Relation von Forschung und Lehre, Politik und Praxis vorgeschlagen.
Das Alphabet der Notfallpflege
Authors: Dönitz Stephan 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Strukturierte Untersuchung und Behandlung Sie sind immer wieder in die Versorgung von Notfallpatienten eingebunden – Mitarbeiter in
der Anästhesie und Intensivpflege. Dabei kommt es gerade beim Erstkontakt oft darauf an, die Patienten strukturiert und
prioritätenorientiert zu untersuchen, um lebensbedrohliche Probleme rasch zu erkennen und umgehend zu behandeln. Seit Jahren etabliert sich
hierzu zunehmend die sogenannte ABCDE-Vorgehensweise. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Konzept vor und beleuchtet seinen Wert in verschiedenen
Settings.
Ein Höchstmaß an Normalität
Authors: Borgwardt Mandy , Hammermüller Sören 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Von der klinischen Intensivtherapie zur außerklinischen Beatmung Nach einem Aufenthalt auf der Intensivstation so schnell wie möglich
wieder in ein normales Leben zurückzufinden, ist das Bestreben jedes Patienten. Das gilt auch für solche, die weiter beatmet werden müssen.
An diesem Überleitungsprozess sind viele Akteure beteiligt, die eng zusammenarbeiten müssen, um den Weg aus der Klinik für den Patienten so
sicher wie möglich zu gestalten.
Limitationen der Routineerfassung und Trenddarstellung von Gewaltereignissen in psychiatrischen Kliniken
Authors: Franz Michael , Richter Dirk 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Beitrag zur Analyse von Routinedaten bezüglich gewalttätiger Übergriffe in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen.
Methodik Eine jüngst publizierte Zeitreihe berichtet eine Zunahme von Gewalt. Die um 1,5 Jahre verlängerte Zeitreihe wird bezüglich Einflussfaktoren und Trendlinien analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Entwicklung fluktuiert eher auf niedrigem Niveau. Ein nichtlinearer Trend erscheint angemessen.
Schlussfolgerung Erfassung und Interpretation von Routinedaten sind wertvoll, sollten möglichst standardisiert erfolgen und Einflussfaktoren berücksichtigen.
Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine For Pain Control
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Moradkhani Mahmoud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLocal infiltrations and regional blocks have been some of the effective ways employed to manage and control post-operative pain. One of the limitations of administration of local anesthesia drugs in post-operative conditions is its inability to act for a longer period of time. Multi-vesicular liposomes made up of bupivacaine have been progressively used for their increased duration of action. Compared to bupivacaine HCL, local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine have shown to have a significantly increase the duration and delay in peak plasma concentration. In this article, we attempt to compare liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine based on available clinical literatures. Liposomal bupivacaine has been demonstrated to have promising implications in post- operative pain control resulting in increased patient satisfaction; reduced hospital admission and opioid induced adverse events. Clinical studies have identified liposomal bupivacaine to be effective in delivering increased post-operative pain control. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive comparison between bupivacaine liposomal and conventional bupivacaine based on reported clinical trials.