bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast and low-cost vision-based line tracking measurement system for robotic vehicles
Authors: Fontanelli Daniele , Macii David , Rizano Tizar 
Published: June 2016

Localization and tracking systems are nowadays a quite common solution for automated guided vehicles (AGV) in industrial environments. The bunch of technological solutions developed in this sector is now being revitalized by their applications in service robots, e.g. for safe navigation in crowded public spaces or in autonomous cars. Related to this field are robotic competitions and races. In this particular scenario, the robot often has to track a line painted on the ground. Line tracking techniques typically rely on light dependent resistors (LDR), photo-diodes or photo-transistors detecting the light generated by normal or infrared Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), arrays of electric inductance sensors or vision systems. Crucial issues for line tracking are: accuracy and reliability in estimating the direction of the moving vehicle with respect to the line and processing speed. Such problems are particularly critical when high-speed mobile robots are considered. To address this issue, in this paper a vision-based technique of moderate computational complexity is described.Â The proposed solution has been implemented on a low-cost embedded platform and relies on a high frame rate light contrast sensor, a tailored RANSAC-based algorithm and a Kalman filter. The reported experimental results prove that the proposed solution is able to track the direction of the vehicle in real-time even when the field of view of the camera is limited and the vehicle moves at high speed.
Intimate Partner Victimization and Health Risk Behaviors Among Pregnant Adolescents
Authors: Udo Ifeyinwa E. , Lewis, LMFT Jessica B. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Ickovics Jeannette R. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To provide lifetime estimates of intimate partner victimization among pregnant adolescents and examine associations between victimization and health risk behaviors identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality. Methods. Participants (n = 1233) were predominantly Latina (58%) and non-Latina Black (34%) pregnant adolescents (aged 14–21 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of group prenatal care in 14 clinical sites in New York City (2008–2012). They completed surveys to assess interpersonal victimization and risk behaviors: substance use, risky sexual behaviors, injuries or violence, unhealthy dietary behavior, and inadequate physical activity. Results. Fifty-two percent reported intimate partner victimization, which was associated with nearly all health risk behaviors. Conclusions. Pregnant adolescents who experienced intimate partner victimization were significantly more likely to engage in health risk behaviors, which can have adverse health consequences. Expanded prevention programs tailored to specific needs of pregnant adolescents are needed. Health care providers and others who work with pregnant adolescents should consistently screen for and intervene in intimate partner victimization.
Increasing Hepatitis B Vaccine Prevalence Among Refugee Children Arriving in the United States, 2006–2012
Authors: Yun Katherine , Urban Kailey , Mamo Blain , Matheson Jasmine , Payton Colleen , Scott Kevin C. , Song Lihai , Stauffer William M. , Stone Barbara L. , Young Janine , Lin Henry 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To determine whether the addition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine to national immunization programs improved vaccination rates among refugee children, a marginalized population with limited access to care. Methods. The sample included 2291 refugees younger than 19 years who completed HBV screening after arrival in the United States. Children were categorized by having been born before or after the addition of the 3-dose HBV vaccine to their birth country’s national immunization program. The outcome was serological evidence of immunization. Results. The odds of serological evidence of HBV immunization were higher for children born after the addition of HBV vaccine to their birth country’s national immunization program (adjusted odds ratio = 2.54; 95% confidence interval = 2.04, 3.15). Conclusions. National HBV vaccination programs have contributed to the increase in HBV vaccination coverage observed among US-bound refugee children. Public Health Implications. Ongoing public health surveillance is needed to ensure that vaccine rates are sustained among diverse, conflict-affected, displaced populations.
First Medicare Demonstration of Concurrent Provision of Curative and Hospice Services for End-of-Life Care
Authors: Harrison Krista L. , Connor Stephen R. 
Published: June 2016

Hospice developed in the United States in the 1970s as a way to address unmet needs for end-of-life care: support for pain and symptom management provided in the location and manner that the patient and family prefer. In Europe and Australia, hospice is available from the time of diagnosis of an advanced life-limiting illness onward, but in the United States, the Medicare hospice benefit restricts eligibility for these services to patients who no longer receive curative treatment.We provide background and analysis of the first Medicare hospice demonstration in 35 years that will test the concurrent provision of curative and hospice services for terminally ill individuals with a life expectancy of six months or less.This demonstration is a harbinger of potential policy changes to hospice and palliative care in the United States that could reduce barriers to end-of-life care that aligns with patient and family preferences as the demand for care increases with an aging population.
Reduced Prevalence of Obesity in 14 Disadvantaged Black Communities in the United States: A Successful 4-Year Place-Based Participatory Intervention
Authors: Liao Youlian , Siegel Paul Z. , Garraza Lucas G. , Xu Ye , Yin Shaoman , Scardaville Melissa , Gebreselassie Tesfayi , Stephens Robert L. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To assess the impact of a large-scale place-based intervention on obesity prevalence in Black communities.Methods. The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health across the United States (REACH US) project was conducted in 14 predominantly Black communities in California, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia. We measured trends from 2009 to 2012 in the prevalence of obesity. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to compare these trends with trends among non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States and in the 10 states where REACH communities were located, and with a propensity score–matched national sample of non-Hispanic Blacks.Results. The age-standardized prevalence of obesity decreased in REACH US communities (P = .045), but not in the comparison populations (P = .435 to P = .996). The relative change was −5.3% in REACH US communities versus +2.4% in propensity score–matched controls (P value for the difference = .031). The net effect on the reduction of obesity prevalence was about 1 percentage point per year for REACH.Conclusions. Obesity prevalence was reduced in 14 disadvantaged Black communities that participated in the REACH project.
Ethical and Psychosocial Considerations in Informing HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children That They Were Exposed to HIV and Antiretroviral Medications In Utero
Authors: Klitzman Robert , Mellins Claude A. , Philbin Morgan M. , Abrams Elaine J. , Remien Robert H. 
Published: June 2016

We build on what is known about the potential long-term health effects of perinatal antiretroviral medication exposure to examine ethical and psychosocial issues associated with disclosure by applying lessons from other health conditions, theories of child and adolescent development and rights, and the relevant literature and legal contexts.We present 2 cases to highlight potential issues; apply a bioethical framework that includes principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice; and explore other factors, including the current uncertainty about these exposures’ possible long-term health risks.This ethical framework can help clinicians and researchers consider and balance relevant concerns in deciding whether to inform offspring of HIV and related exposures.
Work–Family Trajectories and the Higher Cardiovascular Risk of American Women Relative to Women in 13 European Countries
Authors: van Hedel Karen , Mejía-Guevara Iván , Avendaño Mauricio , Sabbath Erika L. , Berkman Lisa F. , Mackenbach Johan P. , van Lenthe Frank J. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To investigate whether less-healthy work–family life histories contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease prevalence in older American compared with European women. Methods. We used sequence analysis to identify distinct work–family typologies for women born between 1935 and 1956 in the United States and 13 European countries. Data came from the US Health and Retirement Study (1992–2006) and the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (2004–2009). Results. Work–family typologies were similarly distributed in the United States and Europe. Being a lone working mother predicted a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and smoking among American women, and smoking for European women. Lone working motherhood was more common and had a marginally stronger association with stroke in the United States than in Europe. Simulations indicated that the higher stroke risk among American women would only be marginally reduced if American women had experienced the same work–family trajectories as European women. Conclusions. Combining work and lone motherhood was more common in the United States, but differences in work–family trajectories explained only a small fraction of the higher cardiovascular risk of American relative to European women.
An Exploration of Teachers’ Integration of Visual Literacy in the Egyptian Secondary English Language Classrooms
Authors: Mostafa Asmaa Abdel-Moneim 
Published: June 2016

Recognizing the need for students to be literate in the more traditional areas of reading and writing, professional organizations such as the NCTE, IRA, and NCATE as well as NAQAAE, The National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education in Egypt, have put in place English language standards that address other literacies, including visual literacy. Yet, it has been unclear how secondary English language teachers feel about and understand what is expected of them in teaching non-print literacy, and if they indeed are teaching concepts related to comprehension and production of information in non-text format. This study attempts to discover teachers' attitudes toward, understanding of, and use of visual literacy concepts through a survey of the secondary English language teachers in Egypt. Based on the information from the responses to the survey, secondary English language teachers have received no formal training in teaching visual literacy and that their informal training consists mainly of discussions with colleagues and independent study; among others.
Improving achievements of pupils with learning and behavior problems with co-operative teaching strategy in Aboh, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Obiyo Ngozi 
Published: June 2016

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of cooperative teaching on children with learning and behavioral problems. Determining the most effective intervention for children with learning and behavioral problems has continued to challenge educators. For this the study sought to find out how co-operative teaching will improve the achievements of pupils with learning and behavior problems in Aboh, Delta State, Nigeria. A research question and a hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance was used to guide the study. The research design was true experimental. Two groups of children were used for the study .The sample consisted of 64 primaries four and five pupils .From the study, it was found out that Experimental Group had higher mean of 76.06 against Control Group with mean of 53.84 and standard deviation of 19.2. The hypothesis was tested using t-test and showed that the performance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. It is therefore recommended that this strategy should be included in the school curriculum for children with learning and behavior problems.
Training Learner-Leaders in School Management Aspects: A Strategy to Improving School Discipline in Botswana
Authors: Mgomezulu Victor Yobe , Wamba Nathalis Guy , Shawa Lester Brian 
Published: June 2016

This article focuses on the training of learner-leaders as a way of empowering them to participate in strategies of improving discipline in secondary schools in Botswana. The study investigates the extent to which the school managers train learner-leaders and examines selected management aspects that could be included in a training program. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings indicated that the training of the learner-leaders was inadequate in providing leadership management skills. Finally, the study recommends selected knowledge and skills aspects that may be included in training content to empower the learner-leaders.
The Upgrading of Teacher Training Institutions to Colleges of Education: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Newman Emmanuel Kojo 
Published: June 2016

In year 2008, 38 publicly-owned Teacher Training Institutions (TTIs) that offered certificate programmes to prepare teachers for basic schools in Ghana, were elevated to tertiary status and re-designated as Colleges of Education (COEs) to offer tertiary programmes . Since the elevation and re-designation of TTIs as Colleges of Education, the institutions have faced various challenges which threaten the consolidation of their status as tertiary institutions. These challenges which border on governance, regulation, management, autonomy of the Colleges among others, must be critically examined and addressed to enable the institutions to discharge their mandate effectively. This article examines the challenges and prospects of Colleges of Education as they evolve as tertiary education institutions.
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY NON-SCIENCE TEACHERS IN TEACHING BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE NIGERIAN UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION (UBE) CURRICULUM
Authors: Osuafor Abigail Mgboyibo , Okoli Josephine N 
Published: June 2016

This study was aimed at finding out the attitude of non-science specialist teachers to teaching of basic science and technology and the difficulties they encounter while teaching the subject. The descriptive survey involved 126 Primary six non-science specialist teachers in Primary schools in Anambra State of Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions. A structured 20-item questionnaire developed by the researchers was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using frequencies and mean. Results show that: (1) Non-science specialist teachers teaching basic science and technology have positive attitude towards the subject. (2) The teachers do not find it difficult to comprehend basic science and technology textbooks, they can operate the equipment and perform simple experiments, they can improvise the equipment and materials they use in teaching and they understand the concepts involved. (3) Inadequate teaching materials, pupils not being able to understand science and technology lessons, difficulty in explaining some concepts in mother tongue and teacher training program being mainly theory-oriented were some of the problems encountered by the non-science specialist teachers in teaching basic science and technology. Based on these results, recommendations were made some of which are that the serving teachers should be provided with regular in-service training through workshops, all pre-service (trainee) teachers should be exposed to the rudiments or introductory aspects of science and technology, and efforts should be made to create Igbo names for the science and technology terminologies and equipments to enable the teachers to communicate ideas to the pupils clearly.
ICT LITERACY OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN SELECTED LAGOS STATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA
Authors: Shorunke Oludare Adebanji , Makinde Solomn O. , Makinde Omawumi O. 
Published: June 2016

This study contributes to the limited research available on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy of language teachers in Nigeria. The advent of ICT brought new opportunities that require a skill set to operate better and faster, even in the education sector. The case for teachers’ ICT literacy is cogent in the information age to update them on their areas of specialization. The use of ICT requires some skills to enhance the access and retrieval of the required information without undue stress. The level of ICT skills a teacher possesses may affect the extent to which the teacher puts ICT to use. This study revealed that majority of the respondents made use of ICT resources. The study revealed that aggregately a large proportion of the teachers are ICT literate. This study made recommendations to improve ICT skills training and access to ICT resources.
An Adaptive Ensemble Smoother With Multiple Data Assimilation for Assisted History Matching
Authors: Le Duc H. , Emerick Alexandre A. , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Recently, Emerick and Reynolds (2012) introduced the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilations (ES-MDA) for assisted history matching. With computational examples, they demonstrated that ES-MDA provides both a better data match and a better quantification of uncertainty than is obtained with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). However, similar to EnKF, ES-MDA can experience near ensemble collapse and results in too many extreme values of rock-property fields for complex problems. These negative effects can be avoided by a judicious choice of the ES-MDA inflation factors, but, before this work, the optimal inflation factors could only be determined by trial and error. Here, we provide two automatic procedures for choosing the inflation factor for the next data-assimilation step adaptively as the history match proceeds. Both methods are motivated by knowledge of regularization procedures—the first is intuitive and heuristical; the second is motivated by existing theory on the regularization of least-squares inverse problems. We illustrate that the adaptive ES-MDA algorithms are superior to the original ES-MDA algorithm by history matching three-phase-flow production data for a complicated synthetic problem in which the reservoir-model parameters include the porosity, horizontal and vertical permeability fields, depths of the initial fluid contacts, and the parameters of power-law permeability curves.
A Multiscale Restriction-Smoothed Basis Method for Compressible Black-Oil Models
Authors: Møyner Olav , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Simulation problems encountered in reservoir management are often computationally expensive because of the complex fluid physics for multiphase flow and the large number of grid cells required to honor geological heterogeneity. Multiscale methods have been proposed as a computationally inexpensive alternative to traditional fine-scale solvers for computing conservative approximations of the pressure and velocity fields on high-resolution geocellular models. Although a wide variety of such multiscale methods have been discussed in the literature, these methods have not yet seen widespread use in industry. One reason may be that no method has been presented so far that handles the combination of realistic flow physics and industry-standard grid formats in their full complexity. Herein, we present a multiscale method that handles both the most widespread type of flow physics (black-oil-type models) and standard grid formats such as corner-point, stair-stepped, and perpendicular bisector (PEBI), as well as general unstructured, polyhedral grids. Our approach is derived from a finite-volume formulation in which the basis functions are constructed by use of restricted smoothing to effectively capture the local features of the permeability. The method can also be formulated easily for other types of flow models, provided that one has a reliable (iterative) solution strategy that computes flow and transport in separate steps. The proposed method is implemented as open-source software and validated on a number of two- and three-phase test cases with significant compressibility and gas dissolution. The test cases include both synthetic models and models of real fields with complex wells, faults, and inactive and degenerate cells. Through a prescribed tolerance, the solver can be set to either converge to a sequential solution or the fully implicit solution, in both cases with a significant speedup compared with a fine-scale multigrid solver. Altogether, this ensures that one can easily and systematically trade accuracy for efficiency, or vice versa.
FENOMENOLOGI AGAMA: PENDEKATAN FENOMENOLOGI UNTUK MEMAHAMI AGAMA
Authors: Ahimsa-Putra Heddy Shri 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">In this article the author explains what is called ‘phenomeno­logical approach’ in the study of religion. Starting from Husserl’s philosophy of phenomenology, the author tracing its influences in social science through one of Husserl’s students, Alfred Schutz. Based on Husserl’s ideas developed by Schutz, the author presents his views how those ideas can be applied in the study of religion, and how religion can be defined phenomeno­logically. The author further explains some methodo­logical ethical implications of doing phenomeno­logical research on religion.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Dalam tulisan ini penulis menjelaskan apa yang disebut ‘pen­dekatan feno­menologi’ dalam kajian agama. Berangkat dari filsafat fenomeno­logi Husserl, penulis melacak pe­ngaruhnya pada ilmu sosial melalui salah seorang murid Husserl, Alfred Schultz. Berdasarkan ide Husserl yang di­kembangkan oleh Schultz, penulis menyajikan pan­dang­an­nya bagaimana ide-ide itu dapat diterapkan dalam kajian agama, dan bagaimana agama dapat didefinisikan secara fenomenologis. Penulis selanjutnya menjelaskan beberapa impli­kasi etis metodologis jika me­lakukan kajian fenomeno­logis terhadap agama.
POLITIK DAN “TEATER RITUAL” DI BALI
Authors: Suryawan I Ngurah 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">The relation between ritual and socio-political environment should become a deep reflection. Rituals which take place in order for salvation, harmony, and natural balance instead generate the ambigue and ironic situation. Rituals had been going on amazingly but the social as well as natural disasters seems go on continually. In Bali, religious rituals that formerly guarded by mantra-mantra (spiritual wordings) recently enstead by a group of Pecalang (tradition guardian in Bali) and metal detector (at the time of Pamarisudha Karipubhaya Bali Blast of 2002 and 2005). Nowadays Balinese are eager to perform rituals spectacularly. But instead, Bali now is struck by continous disaster, not only the disaster came from external sources but also the internal ones.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Hubungan antara ritual dengan lingkungan sosial politik harus menjadi bahan renungan yang dalam. Ritual yang dilaku­kan untuk tujuan keselamatan, harmoni, dan ke­seimbang­an alam bahkan menimbulkan kondisi ambigue dan ironis. Ritual berjalan secara mengesankan namun bencana sosial maupun bencana alam terus menerus terjadi. Di Bali, ritual agama yang sebelumnya diwarnai mantra-mantra kini diisi oleh <em>Pecalang</em> (pengawal tradisi Bali) dan <em>metal detector</em> (pada saat Pamarisudha Kariphaya Bom Bali 2002 dan 2005). Kini orang Bali cenderung melaksanakan ritual secara spektakuler. Akan tetapi Bali seringkali didera ben­cana, baik bencana yang berasal dari dalam maupun luar.