bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Quercetin on Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Neonatal Rat Model
Authors: Ozcan Cansu , Hismiogullari Adnan , Sunay Fatma , Ozcan Teoman , Berksoy Emel , Aksoz Elif , Yazıcı Selçuk 
Published: November 2017

Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the major health problems of newborn period. To date, a large amount of chemicals have been tested for NEC and some showed limited beneficial effects. The research for better results still continues. This study aims to investigate the effects of quercetin (QE) on NEC treatment in rats.
Methods Newborn rats were divided into control, NEC, and NEC + QE groups. In NEC and NEC + QE groups, experimental NEC was induced. NEC + QE group animals were also given QE. Weight changes of the animals were recorded, and serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Histologic evaluation of the distal ileum and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining were performed.
Results A significant increase in the TAS levels was observed in NEC + QE group. Only NEC group exhibited significantly higher TOS and MDA levels and lower GSH levels. Rats in the NEC + QE group had better histopathology and less apoptosis than NEC group.
Conclusion QE is effective in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism, limiting oxidative stress, reducing intestinal damage, and preventing NEC development.
Patterns of Systemic and Cervicovaginal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines throughout Pregnancy
Authors: Chavan Niraj , Ebersole Jeffrey , Wiggins Amanda , Sharma Savita , McCubbin Andrea , Barnett Janine , O'Brien John , Ashford Kristin 
Published: November 2017

Objective This study describes the normal variations in serum and cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) cytokine levels throughout pregnancy.
Study Design This multicenter, prospective study examined trimester-specific maternal serum and CVF cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein [CRP]). A two-factor linear mixed modeling approach compared cytokine distribution, while pairwise comparisons evaluated differences over time.
Results Trimester-specific serum cytokine data were available for 288, 243, and 221 patients, whereas CVF cytokine data were available for 273, 229, and 198 patients. CVF had significantly higher concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (p < 0.001), irrespective of the trimester. At all time points, IL-10 and CRP concentrations were higher in serum than CVF (p < 0.001). Serum IL-10 increased significantly throughout pregnancy (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Differences in cytokine distribution across different biological fluids are evident throughout pregnancy. These findings provide a framework for examining patterns of changes in cytokines throughout pregnancy.
Health Care Utilization after NICU Discharge and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in the First 2 Years of Life in Preterm Infants
Authors: Greene Michelle , Patra Kousiki 
Published: November 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to determine predictors of health care utilization and its association with neurodevelopmental outcome in a recent cohort of preterm infants.
Study Design A total of 405 infants (born 2008–2011) seen in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) follow-up were compared for use of hospitalizations (hosps), emergency room (ER), subspecialties (SS), and results of the Bayley-III. High rate of use was defined as having >1 hosp, ER, or SS. Multiple regression adjusted for the effect of risk factors on high health care use.
Results High hosp rate was associated with public health insurance (PHI; p = 0.021), severely abnormal head ultrasound (SAHUS; p = 0.04) at 1 year, and PHI (p = 0.011), younger gestational age (GA) (p = 0.029) at 2 years. High ER use was associated with PHI, younger GA at 1 year (p = 0.007 and 0.012) and 2 years (p = 0.010 and 0.005). High SS was associated with NICU morbidities including small for GA (p = 0.005), retinopathy of prematurity (p = 0.001), necrotizing enterocolitis (p = 0.03), and SAHUS (p = 0.045). At 20 months, infants with high hosp and SS had higher rates of cerebral palsy and significantly lower mean cognitive, language, and motor scores.
Conclusion Health care utilization is high among preterm infants in recent years and significantly associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome. Further research is needed to determine if health care utilization after NICU discharge is an independent predictor of poor outcome.
S2k-Leitlinie: Nichtinvasive und invasive Beatmung als Therapie der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz – Revision 2017
Authors: Windisch W. , Dreher M. , Geiseler J. , Siemon K. , Brambring J. , Dellweg D. , Grolle B. , Hirschfeld S. , Köhnlein T. , Mellies U. , Rosseau S. , Schönhofer B. , Schucher B. , Schütz A. , Sitter H. , Stieglitz S. , Storre J. , Winterholler M. , Young P. , Walterspacher S. ,   für die Leitliniengruppe „Nichtinvasive und invasive Beatmung als Therapie der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz“
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie außerklinische Beatmung über einen invasiven oder nichtinvasiven Beatmungszugang ist mittlerweile etablierter Standard. Entsprechend wurde bereits im Jahr 2010 unter der Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. (DGP) die Leitlinie „Nichtinvasive und invasive Beatmung als Therapie der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz“ publiziert. Die stetige Weiterentwicklung der technischen Methoden, neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse sowie neue versorgungsrelevante Entwicklungen machen jedoch eine umfangreiche Revision der Leitlinie notwendig.Entsprechend wurde nun die revidierte Fassung der Leitlinie publiziert. Dabei finden sich in Bezug auf die aktuelle Literatur sowie auf die Versorgungslandschaft in Deutschland überarbeitete Empfehlungen zu den bereits in der Erstversion der Leitlinie aufgenommenen Themenbereichen der technischen Aspekte, der Organisationsstrukturen in Deutschland, der Qualifikationskriterien für die Versorgung außerklinisch beatmeter Patienten, für die einzelnen Krankheitsentitäten inklusive der Besonderheiten in der Pädiatrie sowie der ethischen Aspekte und der Palliativmedizin. Neu hinzugenommen sind zusätzlich die Themen der außerklinischen Beatmung nach erfolglosem prolongierten Weaning sowie die außerklinische Beatmung bei Querschnittlähmung.Neu ist auch die Zusammensetzung der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften, Fachverbände und Vereinigungen. Dabei werden die einzelnen Krankheitsbilder und Organsysteme übergreifend auch über die Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Gesellschaft für Außerklinische Beatmung e. V. (DIGAB) vertreten, während zusätzlich die Einbindung von Verbänden wichtig war, die direkt mit der Versorgung beatmeter Patienten im außerklinischen Setting konfrontiert sind. Zusätzlich wurde die Einbindung der Kostenträgerseite und der Patientenverbände für wichtig erachtet.Diese Leitlinie hat eine Gültigkeit von drei Jahren, beginnend mit dem Datum der Veröffentlichung auf der Homepage der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF) Anfang Juli 2017. Ziel ist eine weitere zeitgerechte Überarbeitung der Leitlinie nach Fristablauf.
Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) zur Früherkennung von Zweitkarzinomen
Authors: Davaris Nikolaos 
Published: November 2017

Tirelli G et al. Follow-up of oral and oropharyngeal cancer using narrow-band imaging and high-definition television with rigid endoscope to
obtain an early diagnosis of second primary tumors: a prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 2529–2536
Italienische Wissenschaftler testeten, inwieweit nach einer Behandlung von oralen Karzinomen und Tumoren des Oropharynx mit einer starren
Endoskopie mit NBI-Licht Zweittumore oder lokale Rezidive besser detektierbar sind als mit Weißlicht-Endoskopie (WLE). Darüber hinaus
untersuchten sie inwieweit vorherige Radiotherapie, Läsionsseite und Lernkurve die NBI-Leistung zur Detektion mukosaler Gefäßveränderungen
tangiert.
Multivessel vs. Culprit-Lesion-Stenting beim akuten Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Dörr Oliver , Hamm Christian , Nef Holger 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungBei Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom (ACS) kann durch die Koronarangiografie in bis zu 50% der Fälle eine koronare Mehrgefäßerkrankung nachgewiesen werden, sodass die interventionelle Behandlung dieser Patienten im klinischen Alltag häufig eine Herausforderung darstellt. In einigen randomisierten Studien konnte der Vorteil einer kompletten Revaskularisation bei Patienten mit akutem ST-Hebungsinfarkt nachgewiesen werden (PRAMI, CvLPRIT, Compare-Acute und DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI). Bei Patienten mit Nicht-ST-Hebungs-ACS und koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung konnte ebenfalls der Vorteil einer kompletten Revaskularisation gezeigt werden. Sprechen die Ergebnisse dieser Studien auch für die Complete-PCI gegenüber einer Culprit-only-PCI, so fehlen allerdings bisher genaue Empfehlungen bezüglich des optimalen zeitlichen Vorgehens im Sinne einer Staged-PCI. Auch die Komplexität der koronaren Herzerkrankung wird häufig nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt.
Antithrombotische Therapie bei Vorhofflimmern und perkutaner Koronarintervention/akutem Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Olivier Christoph , Bode Christoph , Moser Martin 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungNach perkutaner Koronarintervention oder akutem Koronarsyndrom empfehlen die Leitlinien für Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern eine kombinierte antithrombotische Therapie. Diese reduziert das thrombotische Risiko, erhöht aber das Blutungsrisiko. Die klinische Herausforderung besteht darin, durch optimale antithrombotische Therapiestrategien das Risiko für thrombotische Ereignisse und Blutungen im bestmöglichen Verhältnis zu reduzieren. Dieser Übersichtsartikel hat das Ziel, die Evidenz zu verschiedenen Kombinationstherapien aufzuzeigen.
Thyroid Dysfunction States and Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Tehran Thyroid Study
Authors: Tohidi Maryam , Derakhshan Arash , Akbarpour Samaneh , Amouzegar Atieh , Mehran Ladan , Baghbani-Oskouei Aidin , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the relation of different thyroid function states with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD) among a Middle-Eastern population with a high incidence of CVD/CHD. A total of 3975 participants entered the study (43.6% men). According to their thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (FT4) levels, the participants were categorized into 5 groups: euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and overt hyperthyroidism. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relation of different thyroid function states with incident CVD/CHD, with euthyroid state as reference. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 46.5 (12.0) years. At baseline, no significant difference was observed in the frequency of prevalent CVD cases (n=201) between all groups. No significant interaction was found between prevalent CVD and different thyroid function states with outcomes, hence, we did not exclude participants with prevalent CVD from data analysis. A total of 400 CVD events (358 CHD cases) during a median follow-up of 11.2 years (inter-quartile range: 1.96) occurred. During the follow-up, even in the age and sex adjusted model, no association was observed between different states of thyroid dysfunction and incidence of CVD/CHD. The multivariable hazard ratios (95% CI) of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism for CVD events were 1.21 (0.77–1.88), 0.76 (0.33–1.69), 0.81 (0.46–1.41) and 1.48 (0.70–3.16), respectively. Both at baseline and during follow-up, no relation was observed between different states of thyroid function with prevalence and incidence of CVD/CHD.
Can Screening and Confirmatory Testing in the Management of Patients with Primary Aldosteronism be Improved?
Authors: Stowasser Michael , Ahmed Ashraf , Guo Zeng , Wolley Martin , Ungerer Jacobus , McWhinney Brett , Poglitsch Marko , Gordon Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWidespread application of the plasma aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) as a screening test has led to the recognition that primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common specifically treatable and potentially curable form of hypertension, accounting for 5–10% of patients. Maximal detection requires accurate diagnostic approaches and awareness and control of factors that confound results, including most antihypertensives, posture, time of day, dietary salt, and plasma potassium. Recent studies have revealed potential for false positives in patients on beta-adrenoceptor blockers, and, when direct renin concentration (but not plasma renin activity) is used to measure renin, in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or receiving estrogen-containing contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy. In addition to verapamil slow release, hydralazine and prazosin, moxonidine has minimal effects on the ARR and can be used to control hypertension during work-up. Fludrocortisone suppression testing, while probably the most reliable means of definitively confirming or excluding PA, is time consuming and expensive, requiring a five day inpatient stay. A novel approach, upright (seated) saline infusion suppression testing (SST), has shown excellent reliability with much greater sensitivity than conventional recumbent SST in a recent pilot study, and requires only a day visit. Accurate measurement of aldosterone is essential for each step of PA workup: introduction of new, highly reliable high-throughput mass spectrometric methods into clinical practice has represented a major advance. In response to concerns raised about accuracy of renin assays, new mass spectrometric methods for measuring angiotensin II are currently being assessed in the clinical setting.
Should we discipline interdisciplinarity?
Authors: Bammer Gabriele 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCould we overcome the challenges of embedding interdisciplinarity in the academic mainstream if relevant expertise were defined and recognised as a new discipline? Such expertise includes the ability to combine knowledge from different disciplines, as well as to assess which disciplines and stakeholders have relevant perspectives, figure out how elements of problems are interconnected, decide how to deal with critical unknowns, and use research to support evidence-based change. A new discipline of integration and implementation sciences (I2S) would codify such knowledge and skills, especially for dealing with complex societal and environmental problems. It would operate in an analogous way to the discipline of statistics, as a: (1) collaborative hub within teams, (2) focus for dedicated methods journals and (3) lobby group for effective application. Key initial tasks are to develop a repository of currently hard-to-access methods, and an identifiable academic community; both guided by a unifying and motivating vision of where disciplining interdisciplinarity will lead.
Phenological shifts conserve thermal niches in North American birds and reshape expectations for climate-driven range shifts
Authors: Socolar Jacob B. , Epanchin Peter N. , Beissinger Steven R. , Tingley Morgan W. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceClimate warming poses two major challenges for birds: exposure to higher temperatures and disruption of the synchrony between nesting and resource emergence. To cope, birds are expected to track temperature by moving to cooler areas and to track resource emergence by breeding earlier. We show that these two responses are intertwined. Earlier breeding can substitute for range shifts by reducing temperatures during critical breeding-season life-history events. We show that early-summer temperatures affect nesting success in North American birds and that Californian birds breed ∼1 wk earlier today than a century ago. Thus, without shifting geographically, birds now nest at similar temperatures as they did a century ago, which might reshape both the need and the opportunity for range shifts.
Assigning chemoreceptors to chemosensory pathways inPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ortega Davi R. , Fleetwood Aaron D. , Krell Tino , Harwood Caroline S. , Jensen Grant J. , Zhulin Igor B. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceMultiple receptors transmit information to several signaling pathways that control cellular functions. Which receptor feeds into which pathway and what defines the receptor/pathway specificity are the key questions in cell biology. Here we show that in a model bacterium receptor/pathway specificity is determined by small motifs that can be revealed by comparative sequence analysis of receptor regions that interact with the pathway components. This study provides a path toward computational assignment of receptors to their respective cellular pathways in thousands of bacterial genomes.
Microbial pathway for anaerobic 5′-methylthioadenosine metabolism coupled to ethylene formation
Authors: North Justin A. , Miller Anthony R. , Wildenthal John A. , Young Sarah J. , Tabita F. Robert 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Sulfur is an essential element required by all organisms. Therefore, salvage of wasteful, sulfur-containing cellular by-products can be critical. Methionine salvage pathways for organisms living in oxic environments are well established. However, if and by what mechanisms organisms living in anoxic environments can regenerate methionine from such by-products remain largely unknown. This work identifies a strictly anaerobic methionine salvage pathway, the key genes for which appear to be widespread among obligate and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Strikingly, this pathway also results in the formation of ethylene gas, a key plant hormone and signaling molecule. Anoxic environments routinely accumulate biologically produced ethylene at significant levels, but the organisms and mechanisms responsible have been slow to emerge. This study provides one possible route.
Pass or Fail: Economic Incentives to Reduce Salmonella Contamination in Ground Beef Sold to the National School Lunch Program
Authors: Ollinger Michael , Bovay John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGround beef sold to the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) for distribution to the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) must meet stringent food‐safety standards, specifically, a zero‐tolerance standard for Salmonella. We use a unique data set containing information on Salmonella levels in order to examine the sequential decisions of ground‐beef plants to become registered as AMS suppliers and then bid on contracts to supply the NSLP from 2006 to 2012. We find that plants exploit their competitive advantages in relatively high productivity and strong performance on Salmonella tests when choosing to bid on contracts in a given year. Furthermore, the incentives generated by the zero‐tolerance standard for Salmonella are highly effective: ground beef supplied to the NSLP is 21–22 percentage points more likely to meet a zero‐tolerance standard for Salmonella than ground beef tested as part of typical meat‐plant inspections.
A new method for post-translationally labeling proteins in live cells for fluorescence imaging and tracking
Authors: Hinrichsen M , Lenz M , Edwards J M , Miller O K , Mochrie S G J , Swain P S , Schwarz-Linek U , Regan L 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present a novel method to fluorescently label proteins, post-translationally, within live Saccharomycescerevisiae. The premise underlying this work is that fluorescent protein (FP) tags are less disruptive to normal processing and function when they are attached post-translationally, because target proteins are allowed to fold properly and reach their final subcellular location before being labeled. We accomplish this post-translational labeling by expressing the target protein fused to a short peptide tag (SpyTag), which is then covalently labeled in situ by controlled expression of an open isopeptide domain (SpyoIPD, a more stable derivative of the SpyCatcher protein) fused to an FP. The formation of a covalent bond between SpyTag and SpyoIPD attaches the FP to the target protein. We demonstrate the general applicability of this strategy by labeling several yeast proteins. Importantly, we show that labeling the membrane protein Pma1 in this manner avoids the mislocalization and growth impairment that occur when Pma1 is genetically fused to an FP. We also demonstrate that this strategy enables a novel approach to spatiotemporal tracking in single cells and we develop a Bayesian analysis to determine the protein’s turnover time from such data.
The microbiome of the critically ill patient
Authors: Akrami Kevan , Sweeney Daniel A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Advances in the understanding of the human microbiome outside of the ICU have led investigators to consider the role of the microbiome in critical illness. The picture that is being elucidated is one of dysbiosis occurring at multiple sites in the critically ill patient. This review describes the changes that occur in the various microbiomes of a critically ill patient, the implications of these changes and shows how advances in the understanding of dysbiosis may lead to microbiome-targeted therapies.

Recent findings
Critically ill patients undergo dysbiosis at several organ sites including the skin, gastrointestinal system and the lungs with loss of microbial diversity and a propensity for potentially pathogenic organisms to dominate a particular microbiome. These microbiome changes appear to be predictive of clinical outcome. While the use of fecal microbial transplantation has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, the use of fecal microbial transplantation and other microbiome modifying therapies may have a role in managing critical illness in the ICU.

Summary
A growing understanding of the microbiome in the critically ill may modify current dogma regarding the pathogenesis of sepsis and other life-threatening conditions seen in the ICU, thereby fundamentally changing antibiotic stewardship and the management of the critically ill patient.
Intermittent extracorporeal CO2 removal in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a fiction or an option
Authors: Alessandri Francesco , Pugliese Francesco , Mascia Luciana , Ranieri Marco V. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Aim of this article is to review evidence recently generated on the application of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive and non invasive) for hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Recent findings
To date, the paucity of evidences on ECCO2R to decrease the rate of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure and to wean hypercapnic patients from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) precludes to systematically apply this technology to COPD patients.

Summary
Although several efforts have been made to reduce invasiveness and to improve the efficiency of extracorporeal systems, further randomized studies are needed to assess the effects of this technique on both short-term and long-term clinical outcomes.