bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast enhancement in abdominal computed tomography: influence of photon energy of different scanners
Authors: Taguchi Narumi , Oda Seitaro , Nakaura Takeshi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Funama Yoshinori , Imuta Masanori , Yuki Hideaki , Nagayama Yasunori , Kidoh Masafumi , Hirata Kenichiro , Iyama Yuji , Namimoto Tomohiro , Kai Noriyuki , Hatemura Masahiro , Yamashita Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
Different CT scanners have different X-ray spectra and photon energies indicating that contrast enhancement vary among scanners. However, this issue has not been fully validated; therefore, we performed phantom and clinical studies to assess this difference.

Methods:
Two scanners were used: scanner-A and scanner-B. In the phantom study, we compared the contrast enhancement between the scanners at tube voltage peaks of 80, 100 and 120 kVp. Then, we calculated the effective energies of the two CT scanners. In the clinical study, 40 patients underwent abdominal scanning with scanner-A and another 40 patients with scanner-B, with each group using the same scanning protocol. The contrast enhancement of abdominal organs was assessed quantitatively (based on the absolute difference between the attenuation of unenhanced scans and contrast-enhanced scans) and qualitatively. A two-tailed independent Student's t-test and or the Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the discrepancies.

Results:
In the phantom study, contrast enhancement for scanner-B was 36.9, 32.6 and 30.8% higher than that for scanner-A at 80, 100 and 120 kVp, respectively. The effective energies were higher for scanner-A than for scanner-B. In the quantitative analysis for the clinical study, scanner-B yielded significantly better contrast enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma, pancreas, kidney, portal vein and inferior vena cava compared with that of scanner-A. The mean visual scores for contrast enhancement were also significantly higher on images obtained by scanner-B than those by scanner-A.

Conclusion:
There were significant differences in contrast enhancement of the abdominal organs between the compared CT scanners from two different vendors even at the same scanning and contrast parameters.

Advances in knowledge:
Awareness of the impact of different X-ray energies on the resultant attenuation of contrast material is important when interpreting clinical CT images.
The Advantage of a Combined SPECT/CT in the Diagnosis of Bone Metastases
Authors: РЫжков А. , RYzhkov A. , Крылов А. , Krylov A. , Ширяев С. , Shiryaev S. , Щипахина Я. , Schipahina Ya. , Кочергина Н. , Kochergina N. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To define the diagnostic capabilities of SPECT/CT in comparison with WBS in patients with bone metastases.
Material and methods: It was included 67 patients with bone metastases of breast cancer, prostate cancer and other tumors. The evaluation was included WBS and SPECT/CT.
Results: All patients were divided into 2 groups: with single and multiple metastases. SPECT/CT showed higher efficiency in detecting bone metastases than WBS. The full detection of bone metastases with WBS ranged from 31 to 56 % compared to SPECT/CT for groups respectively. In some cases (for groups respectively 4 % to 9.5 % depending on the number of metastases and their localization) of WBS was not informative, recorded the absence of lesions.
Conclusion: SPECT/CT can improve the diagnosis of bone metastasis.
Sebaran Material Organik dan Zat Hara Oleh Arus Pasang Surut di Muara Sungai Demaan, Jepara (The Distribution of Organic Matter and Nutrients by Tidal Current at Demaan Estuary, Jepara)
Authors: Maslukah Lilik , Indrayanti Elis , Rifai Azis 
Published: October 2017

Arus pasang surut di muara sungai dapat mempengaruhi penyebaran material organik dan zat hara. Keberadaan material organik dan zat hara di perairan dapat menentukan kualitas suatu perairan. Kandungan material organik dan zat hara dalam jumlah berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya eutrofikasi pada badan air dan menyebabkan kandungan oksigen di perairan menjadi rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sebaran material organik, nitrat dan fosfat oleh pengaruh arus pasang surut. Penelitian dilakukan di muara Sungai Demaan, Jepara. Penentuan konsentrasi material organik dalam contoh air laut menggunakan metode titrasi permanganate, sementara nitrat dan fosfat ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofometrik. Sebaran material organik, nitrat dan fosfat digambarkan dengan software ArGIS, sedangkan simulasi arus pasang surut menggunakan software SMS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi material organik dan zat hara lebih tinggi saat surut dibanding saat pasang. Sebaran material organik dan fosfat mengikuti arus pasang surut yaitu mengarah ke utara saat surut dan kembali mengarah ke arah selatan pada saat pasang. Disimpulkan bahwa material organik dan fosfat bersumber dari sungai. Kata kunci : arus pasang surut, material organik, zat hara The distribution of organic matter and nutrients in the estuary can be influenced by tidal current. The presence of organic matter and nutrients can determine the water quality. However, the exceed amount of organic matter and nutrient in the water could lead to eutrofication that caused the depletion of dissolved oxygen. The research was aimed to determine the distribution of organic matter and nutrients (i.e. phophate and nitrate) due to the tidal current in Demaan estuary, Jepara. The titration method with permanganate was used to measure the organic matter concentration in the samples. Meanwhile, the spectrophotometric method was used to measure nitrate and phosphate concentration in the samples. Tidal current was simulated by Surface water Modelling System (SMS) software, and the distribution of organic matter, nitrate and phosphate was plotted using ArGIS software. The result showed that the concentration of organic matter and nutrients is higher at ebb tide than flood tide. The distribution of organic matter and phosphate followed the tidal current, flowing to the north at ebb tide and back to south at flood tide. It is concluded that organic matter and phosphate sourced from the rivers. Keywords : tidal current, organic matter, nutrient
New Record of Mozambique Scorpionfish, Parascorpaena mossambica (Peters, 1855), (Actinopterygii: Order, Scorpaeniformes; Family: Scorpaendiae) From Indian Waters
Authors: Naranji Muddula Krishna , Velamala Govinda Rao , Sujatha Kandula 
Published: October 2017

Parascorpaena mossambica is one of the rare species of Scorpaenidae in the Visakhapatnam coastal waters, India. Ten specimens are characterized by Dorsal fin IX 9; Anal fin III 5-6; Pectoral fin rays 15; Lateral line scales 43-44; Lateral line Pored scales 23-24; Lateral transverse scale scales 6-7/1/12-14; lachrymal bone with two lower strong antrose spines, anterior pointed and directed forward, tip reaching dorsal margin of upper lip, covered with skin; posterior one directed forward and slightly downward; suborbital with three spines. Only few records have been made in the whole Indian waters. Due to its rarity, P. mossambica is poorly studied and little known about their biology, ecology and distribution. In the present study provides additional data on this rare species. In particular, we describe its habitat, ecology, presence and distribution with several new records in Indian waters. Keywords: Scorpaenidae, fish, Parascorpaena mossambica, Visakhapatnam
Viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L) pada beberapa jenis media simpan dan tingkat kelembaban
Authors: Tambunsaribu Dian Wirawan , Anwar Syaiful , Lukiwati Dwi Retno 
Published: October 2017

The research aimed to study the effect of type and humidity level of storage media and teir interaction on cacao seed viability and seedling growth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design 3 x 4 with three replications. The first factor is the type of storage media (P) which is control (P0), charcoal shell (P1), and sawdust (P2). The second factor is the humidity content of storage media (K) which is control (K0), moisture content 15% (K1), moisture content 30% (K2), moisture content 45% (K3). Parameters observed were seeds moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), seed germination, germination vigor, germination rate, height of seedling, leaf number of seedling, dry weight of seedling and hypothetic vigor index of seedling. Data were analyzed by anova and followed Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The treatments of charcoal shell and sawdust gave not significant effect to cacao seed viability and seedling growth, but it’s interactions gives significan effect the observed parameters. Combined use of charcoal shell storage media with humidity content 30% gives the highest result to cacao seed viability and seedling growth after storage.Keywords : seed viability, storage media, humidity level and cacao
Presence of Spotters Improves Bench Press Performance: A Deception Study
Authors: Sheridan Andrew , Marchant David C. , Williams Emily L. , Jones Hollie S. , Hewitt Phil A. , Sparks Andy 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Sheridan, A, Marchant, DC, Williams, EL, Jones, HS, Hewitt, PA, and Sparks, SA. Presence of spotters improves bench press performance: a deception study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1755–1761, 2019—Resistance exercise is a widely used method of physical training in both recreational exercise and athletic populations. The use of training partners and spotters during resistance exercise is widespread, but little is known about the effect of the presence of these individuals on exercise performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of spotter presence on bench press performance. Twelve recreationally trained participants (age, 21.3 ± 0.8 years, height, 1.82 ± 0.1 m, and mass, 84.8 ± 11.1 kg) performed 2 trials of 3 sets to failure at 60% of 1 repetition maximum on separate occasions. The 2 trials consisted of spotters being explicitly present or hidden from view (deception). During the trials, total repetitions (reps), total weight lifted, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and self-efficacy were measured. Total reps and weight lifted were significantly greater with spotters (difference = 4.5 reps, t = 5.68, p < 0.001 and difference = 209.6 kg, t = 5.65, p < 0.001, respectively). Although RPE and local RPE were significantly elevated in the deception trials (difference = 0.78, f = 6.16, p = 0.030 and difference = 0.81, f = 5.89, p = 0.034, respectively), self-efficacy was significantly reduced (difference = 1.58, f = 26.90, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that resistance exercise is improved by the presence of spotters, which is facilitated by reduced RPE and increased self-efficacy. This has important implications for athletes and clients, who should perform resistance exercise in the proximity of others, to maximize total work performed.
Neuromuscular Effects to 6 Weeks of Loaded Countermovement Jumping With Traditional and Daily Undulating Periodization
Authors: Ullrich Boris , Pelzer Thiemo , Pfeiffer Mark 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Ullrich, B, Pelzer, T, and Pfeiffer, M. Neuromuscular effects to 6 weeks of loaded countermovement jumping with traditional and daily undulating periodization. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 660–674, 2018—Loaded vertical jumps are routinely used to enhance athlete's power production in the lower extremity and to optimize jumping and sprinting performance. This study compared traditional (TP) and daily undulating (DUP) periodization on muscle strength, jumping performance, electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity, and muscle architecture during preseason loaded jump training. Twenty-two athletes from different team sports (age: 24.3 ± 2.6 years, height: 175.9 ± 7.5 cm, body mass: 72.2 ± 8.4 kg, 12 males/10 females, strength training experience: 5.1 ± 2.2 years) performed 6 weeks of loaded countermovement jumping (CMJ) (18 sessions) during which subjects arranged the experimental training loads with either TP or DUP. Therefore, loading conditions corresponding to 0, 15, and 30% of individual body mass were used by manipulating weighted training vests and the intensity zones and training volume were equated between the groups. Pre- to post-training, center of mass (COM) maximal CMJ performance, isometric maximal voluntary contractive capacity of the leg extensors (MVC), EMG maximal voluntary muscle activity of knee extensor muscles, and vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle architecture were examined. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variances (MANOVA with factors: time × training group) revealed moderate (5–16%) but significant (p ≤ 0.006) temporal increases in COM jumping height, leg extensor MVC and muscle architecture in both groups. Importantly, these temporal alterations were similar using either TP or DUP. Therefore, our data indicate that both periodization models can be effectively applied to increase leg extensor strength, vertical jumping performance, and muscle architecture during short-term preseason loaded jump training.
Influence of Different Methods to Determine Maximum Heart Rate on Training Load Outcomes in Basketball Players
Authors: Berkelmans Daniel M. , Dalbo Vincent J. , Fox Jordan L. , Stanton Robert , Kean Crystal O. , Giamarelos Kate E. , Teramoto Masaru , Scanlan Aaron T. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Berkelmans, DM, Dalbo, VJ, Fox, JL, Stanton, R, Kean, CO, Giamarelos, KE, Teramoto, M, and Scanlan, AT. Influence of different methods to determine maximum heart rate on training load outcomes in basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3177–3185, 2018—The summated-heart-rate-zones (SHRZ) approach uses heart rate (HR) responses relative to maximum HR (HRmax) to calculate the internal training load (TL). Age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based approaches have all been used to determine HRmax in team sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based HRmax responses on SHRZ TL in basketball players. Semiprofessional, male basketball players (N = 6) were analyzed during the preparatory training phase. Six age-based approaches were used to predict HRmax including Fox (220 − age); Hossack (206 − [0.567 × age]); Tanaka (208 − [0.7 × age]); Nikolaidis (223 − [1.44 × age]); Nes (211 − [0.64 × age]); and Faff (209.9 − [0.73 × age]). Test-derived HRmax was taken as the highest HR during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo IRT), whereas session-based HRmax was taken as the higher HR seen during the Yo-Yo IRT or training sessions. Comparisons in SHRZ TL were made at group and individual levels. No significant group differences were evident between SHRZ approaches. Effect size analyses revealed moderate (d = 0.60–0.79) differences between age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based methods across the group and individually in 2 players. The moderate differences between approaches suggest age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based methods to determine HRmax are not interchangeable when calculating SHRZ. Basketball practitioners are encouraged to use individualized HRmax directly measured during field-based tests supplemented with higher HR responses evident during training sessions and games when calculating the SHRZ TL to ensure greatest accuracy.
Analysis of Factors Related to Back Squat Concentric Velocity
Authors: Fahs Christopher A. , Rossow Lindy M. , Zourdos Michael C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Fahs, CA, Rossow, LM, and Zourdos, MC. Aanalysis of factors related to back squat concentric velocity. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2435–2441, 2018—Measuring bar velocity during barbell exercises can be a useful metric for prescribing resistance training loads and for predicting the 1 repetition maximum (1RM). However, it is not clear whether either anthropometric factors (e.g., limb length) or training experience influences bar velocity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between 1RM back squat bar velocity and femur length, training experience, strength, and 36.6-m sprint time in college athletes. Thirteen college football (22 ± 1 years) and 8 college softball players (20 ± 1 years) performed the 36.6-m sprint followed by a 1RM back squat protocol while average concentric velocity and peak concentric velocity were measured. Height (m), body mass (kg), squat training experience (years), squat frequency (d·wk−1), and femur length (m) were also measured. Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine the relationship between variables. Average concentric velocity was not related to training age (r = 0.150, p = 0.515), squat frequency (r = 0.254, p = 0.266), femur length (r = 0.002, p = 0.992), or relative strength (r = −0.090, p = 0.699). Peak concentric velocity was related to 36.6-m sprint time (r = −0.612, p = 0.003), relative squat average (r = 0.489, p = 0.029), and relative peak (r = 0.901, p < 0.001) power. These results suggest that college athletes using velocity to regulate squat training may not necessarily need to modify velocity ranges based on limb length or training age. In addition, peak velocity during a 1RM back squat may be a useful indicator of an athlete's relative power output ability and speed. Coaches may consider measuring velocity during strength testing as a surrogate measure for speed and power.
Prescribing an Annual Plan for the Competitive Surf Athlete: Optimal Methods and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Bernards Jake , Blaisdell Robert , Light Thaddeus J. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
AS THE SPORT OF SURFING CONTINUES TO GAIN SUPPORT, THE NEED FOR A SOUND STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM IS PARAMOUNT. WITH A SEASON LASTING UPWARD OF 8 MONTHS AND TRAVELING ALL OVER THE WORLD, PROGRAMMING FOR THE SPORT OF SURFING QUICKLY BECOMES A CHALLENGE. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE A BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO THE TECHNICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE SPORT BEFORE PROVIDING A DETAILED ANNUAL PLAN THE STRENGTH COACH OR SURF ATHLETE CAN MODIFY FOR THEIR OWN USE.
Derivation of Complete Stress–Strain Curve for SSTT-Confined High-Strength Concrete in Compression
Authors: Lee H.-P. , Awang A. Z. , Omar W. , Tiong P. L. Y. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
For concrete structural behavior analysis, the complete axial stress–strain curves in compression can be determined by using a closed-loop servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine. The applied loading as well as the axial deformation reading of the loaded concrete specimen is recorded from the built-in displacement transducers or externally installed transducers placed between the machine platens. However, the recorded axial strain in the ascending branch is not purely concrete deformations but includes some additional deformation because of machine flexibility and specimen’s end restraint. Strain gauges can be diametrically installed at the middle of specimen for a more precise deformation reading but additional costs are required for the gauges and data acquisition system. Moreover, the concrete stress–strain curve and ductility performance beyond its ultimate is difficult to be recorded without special strain measuring devices. Hence, a correction equation is needed to account for these effects to obtain the complete stress–strain curves for unconfined and confined concrete. In this paper, a total number of 84 unconfined and steel strapping tensioning techniques (SSTTs) confined high-strength concrete cylinders of compressive strength ranging from 62.48 MPa to 184.85 MPa were tested in compression in accordance with ASTM C39/C39M-11. The details for the testing setup, testing machine, strain measuring instruments, loading rate, loading patterns, etc. are described and at the same time a correction factor equation is proposed in this paper.
Comparative Measurement and Evaluation of the Quenching Intensity of Palm Oil, Canola Oil and a Conventional Petroleum Oil Quenchant Based on Temperature Gradient Measurements
Authors: Matijevic Bozidar , Liscic Bozidar , Totten George E. , Canale Lauralice de C. F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn contrast with small laboratory probes developed to evaluate the cooling properties of relatively small samples of a quenchant, the new Liscic/Petrofer probe is designed to measure and record the quenching intensity under real industrial conditions. The Liscic/Petrofer probe is a cylindrical Inconel 600 probe with a 50-mm diameter and a 200-mm length and is instrumented with three thermocouples on the same radius of the cross-section at the middle point of its length. The outer thermocouple measures the temperature 1 mm below the surface, the second one 4.5 mm below the surface, and the third one at the center of the probe. The working principle of the probe is the measurement of the dynamic of heat extraction, which is best represented by the change of temperature gradients. Comparative testing was recently performed with the Liscic/Petrofer probe in two different vegetable oils (canola oil and palm oil) and a commercially available conventional petroleum oil quenchant. The work was performed at the Quenching Research Centre (QRC) of the Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia. The results of this work showed distinctive differences in the quenching behavior of these three quenchant media. The results of this comparative study are reported herein.
Vibrational Detection of Odorant Functional Groups byDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Maniati Klio , Haralambous Katherine-Joanne , Turin Luca , Skoulakis Efthimios M. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA remarkable feature of olfaction, and perhaps the hardest one to explain by shape-based molecular recognition, is the ability to detect the presence of functional groups in odorants, irrespective of molecular context. We previously showed thatDrosophilatrained to avoid deuterated odorants could respond to a molecule bearing a nitrile group, which shares the vibrational stretch frequency with the CD bond. Here, we reproduce and extend this finding by showing analogous olfactory responses ofDrosophilato the chemically vastly different functional groups, thiols and boranes, that nevertheless possess a common vibration at 2600 cm−1. Furthermore, we show thatDrosophilado not respond to a cyanohydrin structure that renders nitrile groups invisible to IR spectroscopy. We argue that the response ofDrosophilato these odorants which parallels their perception in humans, supports the hypothesis that odor character is encoded in odorant molecular vibrations, not in the specific shape-based activation pattern of receptors.