bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviving the Southern Gentleman : Ideals of Manhood in Madeleine L’Engle’s Fiction (1946, 1971)
Authors: BRAY Suzanne 
Published: April 2016

Faire revivre le gentleman du Sud : la masculinité idéale dans la fiction de Madeleine L’Engle. Au début de sa carrière littéraire, Madeleine L’Engle (1918-2007) n’était pas une admiratrice du gentleman sudiste. Fille d’une Belle du Sud, L’Engle visitait la région depuis son enfance, mais elle se sentait complètement étrangère à la région et estimait que les hommes de sa famille sudiste étaient bien moins qu’idéale. Son premier roman du Sud, Ilsa (1946), reflète cette attitude négative. Mécontente avec Ilsa, L’Engle prit la décision de faire des recherches approfondies sur son histoire familiale et celle de la région avant d’écrire un deuxième roman du Sud. Ce qu’elle trouvait l’a convaincue que l’idéal du gentleman sudiste avait encore une certaine validité et que l’on pourrait le faire revivre. En revanche, il fallait élargir le rôle à ceux qu’on avait autrefois exclus : les afro-américains, les blancs pauvres et les enfants, tout en retrouvant ses racines chrétiennes. La famille Renier et son entourage dans The Other Side of the Sun (1971) et leurs descendants dans Dragons in the Waters (1976), A House like a Lotus (1984) et A Live Coal in the Sea (1996) présentent des modèles à suivre de masculinité sudiste. Pour créer ces modèles, L’Engle s’est inspirée du gentleman traditionnel, mais également de certains de ses propres ancêtres. En même temps, on y trouve des contre-exemples qui démontrent ce qui se passe quand le gentleman sudiste quitte ses origines chrétiennes et développe une compréhension plus tribale des responsabilités d’un homme.
Manhood in Eudora Welty’s Delta Wedding (1946) : Masterly, or Simply Mastered?
Authors: GROS Emmeline 
Published: April 2016

L’article explore l’ambivalence de la masculinité dans Delta Wedding d’Eudora Welty (1946). Cet article soutient que Delta Wedding, qui place le héros George Fairchild au centre du récit, doit être lu moins comme un texte féministe que comme la création féminine d’un récit d’héroïsme masculin, dans lequel l’idéal de la masculinité est présenté comme objet/sujet visuel, plaisir pour le regard féminin. Le Sud masculin interprété par Welty est subverti ; L’idéal de masculinité, loin d’être fixe, naturel et héroïque, est ici exposé comme fragile, comme étant facilement imitable, et limité à un jeu d’apparences. Welty montre que la masculinité du Sud est une notion fluide et changeante.
Amy’s Men, or Wounded Masculinity in Ron Rash’s One Foot in Eden (2002)
Authors: SPILL Frédérique 
Published: April 2016

Le premier roman de Ron Rash, Un Pied au Paradis, évoque une enquête criminelle au fin fond des montagnes appalachiennes dans les années 1950 : un homme a été tué en conséquence du désir de maternité frustré d’une femme, qui est aussi l’épouse d’un autre. Tandis que le roman dépeint un environnement essentiellement masculin où évoluent des héros virils qui se caractérisent le plus souvent par des comportements violents, les personnages masculins du roman semblent tous paradoxalement meurtris, voire dysfonctionnels. L’histoire d’Amy et de ses hommes met ainsi en lumière la manière dont les définitions de la féminité et de la masculinité font alors l’objet de changements sans précédents. À travers la succession des narrateurs homodiégétiques, c’est un portrait complexe et kaléidoscopique de la masculinité sudiste qui s’élabore—une masculinité fluctuante, probablement en transition, qui a bien du mal à redéfinir ses marques.
Of Pit Bulls and Men : Tamed Manhood in Harry Crews’s An American Family (2006)
Authors: ARBEIT Marcel 
Published: April 2016

L’article analyse le déclin et le rétablissement de la masculinité du Sud chez le principal protagoniste masculin du roman, An American Family : The Baby with the Curious Markings (2006), dernier livre en date d’Harry Crews. En se basant sur plusieurs études traitant de la masculinité en général et de la masculinité du Sud des Etats-Unis, en particulier—notamment la facilité chez ces hommes du Sud (une tendance souvent stéréotypée) à commettre des actes de violence et de brutalité, en particulier—cet article montre la possibilité, suggérée par Crews, de ré-éduquer un homme dépourvu de manières et abusant de sa femme, en faisant appel à une violence, une torture et une humiliation infligés par une femme. Dans le contexte de la théorie masochiste de Sigmund Freud et au moyen de textes choisis, représentant différents courants dans les mouvements masculins qui considèrent les hommes comme des victimes féminisés ; victimes qui se doivent de reconquérir une virilité fragilisée et qui cherchent également à libérer les émotions et sensibilités qu’ils ont dû contenir, cet article pose les trois étapes de la réformation masculine : l’infantilisation, la féminisation, et la re-masculinisation. Dans le roman, Crews compare l’épreuve de son protagoniste à celle des pit-bulls, marginalisés pour leur férocité, mais qui, dans les cironstances adéquates, sont capables de se comporter comme des animaux de compagnie fidèles.
The Southern Man through a Northern Eye : The Southern Gentleman in Joyce Carol Oates’s The Accursed (2013) and Carthage (2014)
Authors: TROMBLE Tanya 
Published: April 2016

Cet article étudie la façon dont Joyce Carol Oates, dans les romans Les Maudits et Carthage, crée des personnages de « gentleman » déplacés ou en marge, en ayant recours à des stéréotypes. Oates décrit deux personnages qui évoluent à l’écart de leurs communautés respectives ; pour eux, être un « gentleman » relève du masque, d’une identité cultivée avec plus ou moins de succès. Les Maudits déconstruit le mythe d’un exceptionnalisme régional en montrant un homme du Sud et un homme du Nord en proie aux mêmes faiblesses morales. Dans Carthage, la capacité de l’Enquêteur d’évoquer le « gentleman » surligne l’artificialité de ce personnage mythique du Sud.
Complex Regulation Pattern of IRF3 Activation Revealed by a Novel Dimerization Reporter System
Authors: Wang Zining , Ji Jingyun , Peng Di , Ma Feng , Cheng Genhong , Qin F. Xiao-Feng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInduction of type I IFN (IFN-I) is essential for host antiviral immune responses. However, IFN-I also plays divergent roles in antibacterial immunity, persistent viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumorigenesis. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is the master transcription factor that controls IFN-I production via phosphorylation-dependent dimerization in most cell types in response to viral infections and various innate stimuli by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To monitor the dynamic process of IRF3 activation, we developed a novel IRF3 dimerization reporter based on bimolecular luminescence complementation (BiLC) techniques, termed the IRF3-BiLC reporter. Robust induction of luciferase activity of the IRF3-BiLC reporter was observed upon viral infection and PAMP stimulation with a broad dynamic range. Knockout of TANK-binding kinase 1, the critical upstream kinase of IRF3, as well as the mutation of serine 386, the essential phosphorylation site of IRF3, completely abolished the luciferase activity of IRF3-BiLC reporter, confirming the authenticity of IRF3 activation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the IRF3-BiLC reporter is a highly specific, reliable, and sensitive system to measure IRF3 activity. Using this reporter system, we further observed that the temporal pattern and magnitude of IRF3 activation induced by various PAMPs are highly complex with distinct cell type–specific characteristics, and IRF3 dimerization is a direct regulatory node for IFN-α/β receptor–mediated feed-forward regulation and crosstalk with other pathways. Therefore, the IRF3-BiLC reporter has multiple potential applications, including mechanistic studies as well as the identification of novel compounds that can modulate IRF3 activation.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcomas…Conflicts, consensus, and controversies
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Susan Deepa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSoft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are an uncommon and diverse group of more than 50 mesenchymal malignancies. Each of these histologic subtypes represents a unique disease with distinct biologic behavior and varying sensitivity to chemotherapy. The judicious use of adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy along with surgery and radiation in the treatment of localized STS has a role in improving patient outcomes by decreasing local and distant recurrences. There is evidence that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy to a mixed cohort of chemo sensitive and insensitive sarcoma subtypes results in limited benefit. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify the subpopulation with high metastatic potential and to identify effective histology-specific treatment options to these patients. Present perspective, will focus on the rationale for adjuvant chemotherapy in sarcoma, with emphasis on the histology driven chemotherapy. It will outline key therapeutic opportunities and hurdles in adjuvant medical treatment of sarcoma, focusing on specific subtypes that are on the verge of new breakthroughs, as well as those in which promise has not lived up to expectations.
Malignant and borderline phyllodes tumor of breast treated with a multi-modality approach in a tertiary cancer care centre in North India
Authors: Mallick Supriya , Joshi Nikhil p. , Roy Soumyajit , Gandhi Ajeet Kumar , Pandit Subhash , Sharma Dayanand , Julka Pramod Kumar , Rath Goura Kishore 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background: Phyllodes tumor (PT) of the breast can be categorized into benign, borderline and malignant subgroups depending on various histopathological factors. Although malignant PTs may be indolent and controlled by local excision, they frequently show local and distant relapses. Literature reveals local recurrence to be the predominant pattern of failure and thus emphasizes the importance of adjuvant radiation in these tumors. The role of systemic chemotherapy has remained doubtful. Materials and Methods: We have analyzed details of all patients of PT (n = 33) treated with adjuvant multi-modality approach in our institute since 1994–2009. The demographic data, treatment details, recurrence patterns and salvage treatment options were documented. Results: All patients received adjuvant radiation. Seven patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The mean survival of the entire cohort was 150.618 months. There was a trend for better overall survival with borderline grade (193.6 vs. 160.2 months; P = 0.08, log rank). The disease free survival (DFS) favored borderline grade (193.6 months vs. 82.9 months for high grade; P = 0.02, log rank). The DFS was significantly better in tumors having negative margins on postoperative histopathological examination (DFS rate at 5 years being 100% vs. 69.2% for positive or close margins; P = 0.015). The mode of surgery did not have any impact on survival. Conclusion: Adjuvant Radiation should be discussed taking into account surgical margins, size and various pathological factors of the primary. Adjuvant radiation may be utilized in high risk patients to enhance loco-regional control. Systemic chemotherapy is an option, worth exploring, in cases of systemic failure.
A study to compare the diagnostic efficacy of closed pleural biopsy with that of the thoracoscopic guided pleural biopsy in patients of pleural effusion
Authors: Mishra Ashwini Kumar , Verma Sanjeev Kumar , Kant Surya , Kushwaha Ram Awadh , Garg Rajiv , Kumar Santosh , Prakash Ved , Verma Ajay , Sagar Mala 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background: The diagnostic approach to exudative pleural effusion remains an underappreciated aspect of modern thoracic medicine. 15-20% of the pleural effusions remain undiagnosed. The most efficient approach to pleural exudates remains uncertain and controversial particularly if acquisition of pleural tissue is required. The clinician needs to consider various factors when confronted with the choice between closed pleural biopsy (CPB) and thoracoscopy. Hence this study was planned to compare the diagnostic efficacy of CPB and Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy (TPB). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective interventional study in patients of exudative pleural effusion. CPB was performed by Cope′s biopsy needle. Then inspection of the pleural cavity was performed by single port rigid thoracoscope (KARL, STORZ TELECAM DX II 20 2330 20) with viewing angle of zero (0) degrees and biopsy taken from the diseased or unhealthy parietal pleura. Accordingly we compared the results of CPB and TPB. Results: 46 Patients underwent this study. In all 46 patients both CPB and TPB were performed.TPB was diagnostic in 36 cases (78.2%) while CPB was diagnostic only in 10 cases i.e. 21.7%. 10 (21,7%) cases remained undiagnosed. On thoracoscopic examination 30 patients were having nodularity, 25 (54.3%) were having adhesions and 20 (43.5%) were having hyperemia. 79.3% of the patients with nodularity turned out to be malignant and 71.4% of patients with adhesions and hyperemia tubercular. Conclusions: TPB has much greater diagnostic efficacy than CPB.
Clinical implications of cytosine deletion of exon 5 of P53 gene in non small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Mir Rashid , Masroor Mirza , Javid Jamsheed , Ahamad Imtiyaz , Farooq Shazia , Yadav Prasant , Zuberi Mariyam , Lone Maqbool , Ray P.C , Saxena Alpana 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Aim: Lung cancer is considered to be the most common cancer in the world. In humans, about 50% or more cancers have a mutated tumor suppressor p53 gene thereby resulting in accumulation of p53 protein and losing its function to activate the target genes that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis. Extensive research conducted in murine cancer models with activated p53, loss of p53, or p53 missense mutations have facilitated researchers to understand the role of this key protein. Our study was aimed to evaluate the frequency of cytosine deletion in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: One hundred NSCLC patients were genotyped for P53 (exon5, codon168) cytosine deletion leading to loss of its function and activate the target genes by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The P53 cytosine deletion was correlated with all the clinicopathological parameters of the patients. Results and Analysis: 59% cases were carrying P53 cytosine deletion. Similarly, the significantly higher incidence of cytosine deletion was reported in current smokers (75%) in comparison to exsmoker and nonsmoker. Significantly higher frequency of cytosine deletion was reported in adenocarcinoma (68.08%) than squamous cell carcinoma (52.83%). Also, a significant difference was reported between p53 cytosine deletion and metastasis (64.28%). Further, the majority of the cases assessed for response carrying P53 cytosine deletion were found to show faster disease progression. Conclusion: The data suggests that there is a significant association of the P53 exon 5 deletion of cytosine in codon 168 with metastasis and staging of the disease.
Prognostic classification index in Iranian colorectal cancer patients: Survival tree analysis
Authors: Malehi Amal Saki , Rahim Fakher 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic index for separating homogenous subgroups in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients based on clinicopathological characteristics using survival tree analysis. Methods: The current study was conducted at the Research Center of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti Medical University in Tehran, between January 2004 and January 2009. A total of 739 patients who already have been diagnosed with CRC based on pathologic report were enrolled. The data included demographic and clinical-pathological characteristic of patients. Tree-structured survival analysis based on a recursive partitioning algorithm was implemented to evaluate prognostic factors. The probability curves were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and the hazard ratio was estimated as an interest effect size. Result: There were 526 males (71.2%) of these patients. The mean survival time (from diagnosis time) was 42.46± (3.4). Survival tree identified three variables as main prognostic factors and based on their four prognostic subgroups was constructed. The log-rank test showed good separation of survival curves. Patients with Stage I-IIIA and treated with surgery as the first treatment showed low risk (median = 34 months) whereas patients with stage IIIB, IV, and more than 68 years have the worse survival outcome (median = 9.5 months). Conclusion: Constructing the prognostic classification index via survival tree can aid the researchers to assess interaction between clinical variables and determining the cumulative effect of these variables on survival outcome.
ERSEM 15.06: a generic model for marine biogeochemistry and the ecosystem dynamics of the lower trophic levels
Authors: Butenschön Momme , Clark James , Aldridge John N. , Allen Julian Icarus , Artioli Yuri , Blackford Jeremy , Bruggeman Jorn , Cazenave Pierre , Ciavatta Stefano , Kay Susan , Lessin Gennadi , van Leeuwen Sonja , van der Molen Johan , de Mora Lee , Polimene Luca , Sailley Sevrine , Stephens Nicholas , Torres Ricardo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) is one of the most established ecosystem models for the lower trophic levels of the marine food web in the scientific literature. Since its original development in the early nineties it has evolved significantly from a coastal ecosystem model for the North Sea to a generic tool for ecosystem simulations from shelf seas to the global ocean. The current model release contains all essential elements for the pelagic and benthic parts of the marine ecosystem, including the microbial food web, the carbonate system, and calcification. Its distribution is accompanied by a testing framework enabling the analysis of individual parts of the model. Here we provide a detailed mathematical description of all ERSEM components along with case studies of mesocosm-type simulations, water column implementations, and a brief example of a full-scale application for the north-western European shelf. Validation against in situ data demonstrates the capability of the model to represent the marine ecosystem in contrasting environments.
Viewpoint: Open is an Opportunity and a Choice
Authors: Hines Tonya 
Published: April 2016

Open access (OA) has fundamentally changed how journal articles are read and distributed. In this article the author describes the spectrum of open access from simply free-to-read to full reuse and derivative rights. As an independent society publisher, JBC has crafted journal policies in a way that reflect our professional values in promoting scholarly research while respecting authors’ rights to choose their level of openness and control their works.
USOS DO TEMPO E TECNOLOGIAS NO ESPAÇO DOMÉSTICO: UM OLHAR DE GÊNERO
Authors: Covolan Nadia Terezinha , Carvalho Marilia Gomes de 
Published: April 2016

Apresentam-se os resultados parciais e quantitativos, de pesquisa sobre os usos do tempo em relação às tecnologias presentes no espaço doméstico. Cotejam-seteorias com dados encontrados a partir da aplicação de questionário, respondido por 24 homens e 101 mulheres, pesquisadores/as de gênero de diferentesuniversidades do Brasil. Apontam-se permanências e transformações nos usosdo tempo e tecnologias: os eletrodomésticos facilitam o trabalho doméstico sem necessariamente reduzir o tempo gasto nestas tarefas, que permanecem feminilizadas; as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) estãoimbricando os tempos de trabalho profissional, doméstico e de lazer, em uma simultaneidade de atividades realizadas no lar. Nesse contexto, considera-se o impacto da categoria gênero nos estudos da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS).
SEXTING: COMPORTAMENTO E IMAGEM DO CORPO
Authors: Wanzinack Clóvis , Scremin Sanderson Freitas 
Published: April 2016

Sexting é a expressão originada da união de duas palavras em inglês sex(sexo) e texting (envio de mensagens). O ato consiste em enviar conteúdosprovocatórios de caráter sexual, nudismo ou seminudismo, através de textos, fotos, vídeos, via celular ou computador. O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar o grau de participação de acadêmicos/as na prática do Sexting. A metodologia sebaseou em pesquisa teórica e empírica, composta por um questionário quantitativo específico elaborado previamente, aplicado a amostragem aleatória de 51 estudantes de um campus universitário. Os resultados revelaram a presença da prática do Sexting no grupo, sendo que 35% dos sujeitos afirmaram enviar fotos ou vídeos de cunho erótico, enquanto 88% já receberam tal conteúdo. Particularidades da prática reveladas pelo questionário também são exploradas ao longo do texto, promovendo reflexões sobre o tema.
MATEMÁTICA E ARTE: UMA AVENTURA COM OS SÓLIDOS GEOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Batista Deniele Pereira 
Published: April 2016

O presente texto apresenta uma proposta pedagógica desenvolvida com alunos do 4º ano do ensino fundamental nas aulas de matemática. Foram adotadasalgumas estratégias na perspectiva da aprendizagem significativa, com a intenção de transcender o ensino tradicional da matemática na escola, aproximando os saberes matemáticos, em especial os do campo da geometria, à vida cotidiana dos alunos. Dentre as estratégias, a arte representou um caminho profícuo para o “fazer matemática” com e pelos alunos, uma vez que os objetos do mundo físico foram explorados por meio de atividades artísticas. Ao término da proposta, foi possível constatar ganhos na aprendizagem dos alunos, na medida em que se apropriaram do tema estudado para desenvolver habilidades matemáticaspreconizadas nos documentos de referência sobre o ensino da matemática.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CAPACIDADES LOCAIS PARA A INOVAÇÃO: Estudo de caso sobre uma subsidiária brasileira de corporação multinacional
Authors: Walchhütter Seimor , Walchhütter Sandra Valéria , Barbosa Aline Dos Santos , Dias Marcello Romani 
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho pretende investigar qualitativamente a trajetória de desenvolvimento das capacidades locais para a inovação da Cognis Brasil, subsidiária da matriz alemã pioneira em estabelecer diferentes trajetórias deinovação tecnológica de acordo com cada uma de suas unidades estratégicas denegócios em diferentes países. O trabalho desenvolveu sua análise teórico-analítica com base na perspectiva teórica da Gestão Estratégica da Inovação pretendendo caracterizar os esforços de adensamento das atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) e do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Foi proposto um estudo de caso único, descritivo e exploratório, o qual utilizou survey presencial. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a subsidiária confere esforços significativos e rotinas independentes para o desenvolvimento de capacidades orientadas para a inovação conforme identificado por Dodgson (2008).