bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du vie au xie siècle
Authors: Kaplan Michel 
Published: October 2016

La brillante civilisation urbaine byzantine tire ses moyens d'existence des campagnes ; alors que les villes, face aux invasions, se replient derrière leurs murailles, le village devient un élément décisif de la société byzantine. Michel Kaplan a tenté de reconstituer la vie rurale de cette époque (vie-xie siècle) où Byzance surmonte le choc des invasions pour redevenir une grande puissance. Pour cette période mal dotée en documents d'archives, il a exploité systématiquement l'hagiographie, mais aussi les résultats de l'archéologie dans les Balkans, en Asie Mineure et en Syrie, la sigillographie et les enluminures des manuscrits.
Il propose ainsi d'abord une description des constantes de la vie rurale byzantine (productions, pratiques agraires, habitat et terroir) ; puis il montre l'émergence de la société villageoise byzantine et de ses institutions, notamment la communauté villageoise, au-delà de son simple aspect fiscal ; ensuite, il reconstitue l'ascension des puissants qui aboutit à la crise de la petite paysannerie, que tente de résoudre la politique de la dynastie macédonienne ; enfin, recherchant les mécanismes de l'économie rurale byzantine, il étudie l'impact des facteurs conjoncturels, tente de définir le fonctionnement de l'exploitation paysanne, cellule de base de la production agricole, pour rechercher une explication au « blocage » de la société byzantine qui caractérise le xie siècle.
L’Europe des Français, 1943-1959
Authors: Bossuat Gérard 
Published: October 2016

L’Europe des Français est un livre d’histoire permettant aux lecteurs de saisir en profondeur les raisons d’agir des gouvernements provisoires de la République française (GPRF) puis de la IVe République, des milieux économiques et politiques, des hauts fonctionnaires des ministères des Affaires étrangères, de l’Économie et des Finances, du Commissariat général du plan.

Dans le domaine de l’unité européenne. Il s’appuie sur un travail en archives aux États-Unis, en France et en Suisse. Cette IVe République, si critiquée pour ses institutions et pour ses guerres coloniales, a su néanmoins redonner un sens à la modernisation du pays et à sa politique étrangère en se lançant dans les constructions de l’Europe, de l’OECE au marché commun en passant par la CECA, l’UEO et la CED, ce qui signifie l’ouverture européenne, l’ouverture commerciale, la coopération contractualisée, le croisement des intérêts financiers, le développement d’une société d’abondance et de protection sociale, bref la paix ! Certains échecs, tel que la CED, montrent que les Français sont des Européens raisonnables à condition que l’unité de l’Europe soit en accord profond avec l’aspiration des Français à la sécurité économique, sociale, politique, au rayonnement traditionnel de la France en Europe et dans le monde en termes de langue, de culture, de modèle social, et à l’idéal de liberté et de fraternité entre les peuples.

Ainsi la construction de l’Europe est-elle en définitive une aventure réussie de la IVe République en dépit de l’échec de la CED car elle a respecté, grâce au travail de Robert Schuman, de Jean Monnet, de Pierre Mendès France, de Guy Mollet, de Félix Gaillard et du général de Gaulle en définitive, l’aspiration des Français à la sécurité, au rang et à l’idéal. Les mobiles de l’unité européenne ainsi décrits sont probablement une tendance lourde du comportement de la société française. Il y a danger à les ignorer.
The Anatomy of Sick Banks in Nigeria: Evidences from Multidiscriminate Analysis Models on Selected Nigerian Commercial Banks
Authors: Odewole Philip Olawale , Salawub Rafiu Oyesola 
Published: October 2016

This study investigates the banks’ signs and symptoms of sickness and susceptibility to corporate failure using multidiscriminate modeling approach with panel data of 14 commercial banks in Nigeria over the periods 2005 – 2012. The study also employed corporate failure prediction models to generate the parameters used to predict the banks’ susceptibility to corporate failure and determination of weakness and sickness. The results of the business failure models revealed that five (5) out of the fourteen (14) banks were strong with their z-score values ranging from 2.99 to 3.05 which were the minimum bench marks for strong, sound and healthy banks while five (5) out of the fourteen samples banks were on the border line of average performance with their z-score figures reported at 1.88 to 2.04 and four (4) of the banks are already sick and weak and susceptible to failure with z-scores of 1.55 to 1.72 which fall below the cut-offs for average performance as prescribed by Altman. The study suggests that government should examine with all seriousness the genuineness of the claim of N25 billion minimum capital base for the Nigerian banks as a follow up to what banks claimed they had in year 2005.
Diagnosis and management of immune thrombocytopenia in childhood
Authors: Kühne Thomas 
Published: October 2016

SummaryEvidence-based medicine is growing in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but solid clinical data are still lacking in many areas. A majority of children has self-limited ITP, but chronic symptomatic ITP exists also in pediatrics. Management includes a watch-andwait strategy for children with newly diagnosed ITP and no or mild bleeding, and immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, if more bleeding and mucous membrane involvement is present. Treatment endpoints differ in clinical research and in clinical practice. The requirement of platelet enhancing drugs needs to be better defined in guidelines. Second-line therapies for children are rarely required and include thrombopoietin-receptor agonists, rituximab, dexamethasone and immunosuppressants. Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists are successful in adult but also in pediatric ITP. The strategical position of splenectomy differs from that in adults. Although effective in children it is less frequently used because of its life-long cumulative risk of infectious diseases and a higher potential of spontaneous remission in ITP, providing a strong argument to defer splenectomy. The rarity of ITP makes clinical research expensive.
Artikel 50 VEU en Brexit: de juridische contouren voor een politiek drama
Authors: Cuyvers A. 
Published: October 2016

Artikel 50 VEU en Brexit: de juridische contouren voor een politiek drama
Deze bijdrage geeft een initiële analyse van de juridische kaders die artikel 50 VEU neerlegt voor de terugtrekking van het VK. Welke regels gelden er en welke beperkingen leggen deze regels, in principe, op aan dit proces? Hiertoe focust de analyse op enkele essentiële elementen van artikel 50 VEU: het indienen en eventueel intrekken van een kennisgeving, de termijn voor het bereiken van een akkoord, de positie van het VK in de EU tijdens het onderhandelingsproces, het aantal en soort akkoorden dat gesloten dient te worden, en de eventuele noodzaak van een wijziging van de EU-verdragen. De bijdrage sluit af met enkele meer algemene observaties over Brexit en enkele suggesties voor de eventuele aanpassing van artikel 50 VEU zelf.Artikel 50 Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie (VEU), Maastricht, 7 februari 1992, PbEG 1992, C 191
De EU-Richtlijn procedurele waarborgen minderjarige verdachten en het Nederlandse jeugdstrafprocesrecht
Authors: Kempen M.A.H. , uit Beijerse J. 
Published: October 2016

De EU-Richtlijn procedurele waarborgen minderjarige verdachten en het Nederlandse jeugdstrafprocesrecht
Op 11 mei 2016 is de Richtlijn betreffende procedurele waarborgen voor kinderen die verdachte of beklaagde zijn in een strafprocedure vastgesteld. Het in november 2013 gepresenteerde richtlijnvoorstel had geen zachte landing. De regering beoordeelde de proportionaliteit negatief en de Tweede Kamer liet de Europese Commissie weten het voorstel ook nog strijdig te achten met het beginsel van subsidiariteit. In deze bijdrage zullen de voornaamste punten van discussie in het Nederlandse parlement en in Brussel worden geïnventariseerd en worden bezien hoe daaraan tegemoet is gekomen. De auteurs concluderen dat de richtlijn zoals deze er nu ligt, niet alleen toegevoegde waarde kan hebben bij de internationale samenwerking maar vooral ook voor de inrichting van het Nederlandse jeugdstrafprocesrecht.Richtlijn (EU) 2016/800 van 11 mei 2016, PbEU 2016, L 132.
Meer zeggenschap van burgers en organisaties over regulering
Authors: Bokhorst A.M. 
Published: October 2016

Meer zeggenschap van burgers en organisaties over regulering
De centrale vraag in dit artikel is hoe de wetgever de zeggenschap van burgers, organisaties en belanghebbenden kan versterken en onbedoelde gevolgen van technocratie daarbij kan tegengaan. De inzet van alternatieve reguleringsstijlen, zoals beter reguleren, verbetert de kwaliteit van regelgeving. Zo maakt internetconsultatie het wetgevingsproces transparanter en responsiever, maar door het beperkte bereik neemt de collectieve zeggenschap van burgers er niet substantieel door toe. Dereguleren lijkt zoals beoogd de individuele zeggenschap van belanghebbenden te versterken. Maar niet iedereen waardeert die individuele zeggenschap evenzeer of kan er even goed mee omgaan. Om sociale zeggenschap van organisaties te versterken zet de overheid in op meer ruimte voor co- en zelfregulering. Het verschilt sterk per dossier in hoeverre de sociale zeggenschap is toegenomen. Als onbedoeld gevolg blijkt bij alternatieve reguleringsstijlen dat technocraten zoals toezichthouders in het gat springen dat de wetgever achterlaat. Vervolgens kan het parlement als medewetgever met een initiatiefwet proberen om de autonomie van burgers, organisaties en belanghebbenden te bewaken, zoals geïllustreerd wordt met de casus van de initiatiefwet Bisschop. Deze casus roept wel de vraag op of de regering en het parlement niet systematischer kunnen reflecteren op de (dis)balans tussen participatieve, technocratische en representatieve democratie.
Ética Econômica das Religiões Mundiais - Resenha
Authors: Noronha Adriene Dos Anjos 
Published: October 2016

<p>Resenha do livro</p><p>WEBER, Max. <strong>Ética econômica das religiões mundiais</strong>: ensaios comparados de sociologia da religião. V. 1: Confucionismo e Taoísmo. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2016. 410p.</p><p> </p>
Sports and Disciplined Movement – Paths To Stimulating Strivings
Authors: Ilundáin Agurruza Jesús 
Published: October 2016

The focus of this article is the relation between life, sport, and disciplined movement. How do these enhance life? This means looking at sports in terms of the qualitative experiences they afford and considering the role of disciplined movement. Phenomenological description helps explore the normative paths that heighten said experiences. At their best, such paths result in skillful strivings to excel within communitarian frameworks, of which the Japanese practices of self-cultivation are exemplary. Sheets-Johnstone’s forays into kinesthesia, Ortega y Gasset’s meditations, and Husserl’s historical lifeworld (lebenswelt) animate this account. The aim is to show how sports and movement, in bridling an exuberant temperament, cultivate our abilities, creativity, and excellence, ultimately encouraging stimulating lives.El artículo examina la relación entre la vida, los deportes, y el movimiento disciplinado. ¿Cómo mejoran éstos la vida? Esto implica evaluar a los deportes acorde a las experiencias cualitativas que hacen posibles y considerar el papel del movimiento disciplinado. La descripción fenomenológica ayuda a explorar los caminos normativos que mejoran tales experiencias. En los mejores casos, éstos conllevan esfuerzos hábiles de superación dentro de marcos comnunitarios. Las prácticas japonesas de autocultivo destacan a este respecto. Las indagaciones de Sheets-Johnstone sobre la kinestesia, las meditaciones de Ortega y Gasset, y las ideas de Husserl sobre el Lebenswelt histórico animan el análisis. El objetivo es mostrar cómo deportes y movimiento, al embridar un temperamento exuberante, cultivan nuestras destrezas, creatividad, y excelencia, fomentando, en ultimo término, vidas estimulantes.
Los nuevos despotismos: imaginando el fin de la democracia
Authors: Keane John 
Published: October 2016

Este ensayo se propone plantear una nueva perspectiva acerca de una tendencia inquietante que está configurando nuestro mundo en estos primeros años del siglo XXI: el auge del despotismo. Nos preguntamos si los regímenes de poder que se ponen de manifiesto en países como Rusia, Vietnam, Arabia Saudita, Turkmenistán, China y Brunéi, y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos tienen características en común, a pesar de ser a su vez tan diferentes en otros aspectos. La respuesta es afirmativa; empezando por su concentración geográfica en la región Euroasiática, definida ampliamente de tal suerte que incluya el espacio territorial que se extiende a lo largo de Rusia, Turquía, las monarquías del Golfo e Irán en el oeste, atravesando las repúblicas de Asia central, China y Japón, hasta Indonesia, Australia, Nueva Zelanda y Fiji en el extremo este. Esta región es el nuevo centro gravitacional geopolítico del planeta. Este ensayo explica por qué el despotismo, término en desuso, merece ser retomado, y porqué los regímenes despóticos de nuestro tiempo no deben considerarse simplemente como un tipo de estado territorial.This essay sets out to make new sense of a disturbing trend shaping our world in these early years of the 21stcentury: the rise of despotism. It asks whether the regimes of power displayed in countries otherwise as different as Russia, Vietnam, Iran; Saudi Arabia; Turkmenistan; China and Brunei, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates share things in common. It answers that they do, beginning with their geographic concentration in the Eurasian region, broadly defined to include the territorial spaces stretching from Russia, Turkey, the Gulf states and Iran in the west through to the central Asian republics, China and Japan, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji in the far east. The region is the new geo–political centre of gravity of our planet. It is also the heartland of the new despotisms, which are proving to be powerful actors, both in the region and within a wide range of global settings. The essay explains why the old–fashioned term despotism deserves to be revived, and why the new despotisms of our time should not be thought of simply as a type of territorial state.
Uso de óleos essenciais como anestésico para manejo de camarões marinhos Litopenaeus schmitti e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
Authors: Matelli Matulovic Felipe , Miyako Yoshii Oshiro Lídia 
Published: October 2016

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência dos óleos essenciais de lavanda, sândalo, menta e cravo sobre os tempos de indução aos estágios anestésicos e, fisiologicamente, sobre glicemia e concentração total de proteínas no músculo dos camarões Litopenaeus schmitti e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. Para a análise estatística foram aplicados os testes de normalidade Shappiro-Wilk, não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e múltipla comparação de Dunn. A comparação dos tempos de exposição foi efetuada induzindo-se os estágios anestésicos I (sedação) e II (anestesia profunda), assim como o tempo de recuperação. Os animais (n=10)foram expostos individualmente aos óleos em banhos na concentração de 0,5 mL/L, previamente diluídos em etanol na proporção de 9:1. Os testes bioquímicos tiveram como controle banho com etanol, totalizando cinco tratamentos subdivididos em três tempos de exposição, e um grupo controle geral, sem exposição a banho nenhum (todos, n=4). O óleo de cravo apresentou resultados superiores em todos os testes de tempo,também na maioria dos testes bioquímicos, sendo o único tratamento considerado satisfatório para uso como anestésico. Existe a sugestão de que o óleo de sândalo possa ser útil como agente otimizador de transporte.
Ação de herbicidas inibidores da PROTOX sobre o desenvolvimento, acamamento e produtividade da soja
Authors: Gallon Mateus , Buzzello Géderson Luiz , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell , Diesel Francielli , Silva Henrique Luis Da 
Published: October 2016

A soja é a espécie leguminosa mais importante mundialmente e por isso investimentos em tecnologia são necessários para o aumento da produtividade e redução de fatores adversos à cultura. Na região Sul do Brasil, são frequentes os problemas ocasionados pelo acamamento de plantas de algumas cultivares de soja. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de herbicidas inibidores da enzima Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase (PROTOX) sobre o desenvolvimento, rendimento de grãos e componentes e sobre o acamamento das plantas do cultivar de soja CD 214 RR. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, em delineamento blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema bifatorial. O fator A foi constituído por cinco tratamentos herbicidas: carfentrazone nas doses 6, 10 e 22 g ha-1 de i.a., lactofen 144 g ha-1 de i.a. e testemunha sem aplicação. O fator B foi constituído por seis épocas de avaliação de injúria e sete épocas para altura de planta e acamamento. Foram determinadas a injúria, altura, acamamento, componentes e rendimento de grãos de soja e rendimento biológico aparente. Os herbicidas lactofen e carfentrazone reduziram a altura e, consequentemente, o acamamento das plantas de soja. Carfentrazone foi mais fitotóxico e mais eficaz em reduzir a altura de plantas de soja do que lactofen. Lactofen resultou em rendimento de grãos de soja mais elevados do que as diferentes concentrações de carfentrazone, embora ambos não tenham diferido do rendimento de grãos da testemunha sem herbicidas.
Sustained High Level of Healthcare Worker Adherence With Hand Hygiene Practice Recommendations Using the Patient-as-Observer Approach in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Lee Rachael A. , Cutter Gary R. , Pate Janet L. , Boohaker Emily , Camins Bernard C. 
Published: October 2016

We report on a quality improvement initiative for hand hygiene adherence using the patient-as-observer method in the ambulatory setting. There were 604,661 observations recorded with improvement of adherence from 88% to 95% or greater; alcohol-based hand sanitizer purchasing correlated with this increase. This sustainable method effectively ensures hand hygiene adherence.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1496–1498
Fit for self-employment? An extended Person–Environment Fit approach to understand the work–life interface of self-employed workers
Authors: de Jager Ward , Kelliher Clare , Peters Pascale , Blomme Rob , Sakamoto Yuka 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe recent growth in self-employment has sparked scholarly interest in why individuals choose and remain in self-employment. Yet, relatively little is known about how self-employed workers enact their daily lives and what this means for their work–life interface. Self-employment is often presented as a means to enhance life choice and as enabling work and nonwork activities to be combined more satisfactorily. However, extant evidence on how self-employment is experienced is mixed, with some studies reporting long and irregular working hours and high levels of stress. Furthermore, the way in which self-employment is experienced may be influenced by national context – economic, institutional and cultural factors. In this paper, we develop a multi-level model which extends existing work on the Person–Environment Fit by incorporating factors relevant to self-employment. The model assists us to understand how contextual factors create both opportunities and tensions which impact the work–life interface of self-employed workers.
IMPROVEMENT AND EPISTEMOLOGIES OF LANDSCAPE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH FOREST ENCLOSURE
Authors: ROBSON ELLY 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article challenges readings of seventeenth-century English ‘improvement’ that are confined to a literate, elite sphere and thereby take printed claims of ‘economic betterment’ at face value, bestowing brief mention on ‘losers’ as a regrettable, but necessary, consequence of progress. Through examining Charles I's ‘disafforestation’ of the western royal forests of Gillingham, in Dorset, and Braydon, in Wiltshire, this article contends that improvement was not simply a triumphal narrative of material advancement articulated in print, but rather was forged in active conflicts situated within the landscape. Disafforestation was one of the Stuart crown's first major forays into enclosure and ‘improvement’, facilitated by surveyors applying newly geometric techniques to inscribe exclusive ownership so that each might ‘know and have their own’. Resulting riots reveal the contestation of empirical perspectives, improving ideals, and exclusive boundaries by commoners defending customary ways of seeing and using the forest commons rooted in collective memory, practice, and the landscape itself. Via the framing concept of ‘epistemologies’, improvement is examined as a spatial process in which different ways of knowing and using the landscape became pivotal to the production, contestation, and reconfiguration of social relations mapped across royal forests.
Investigating the potential impact of trophy hunting of wild ungulates on snow leopardPanthera unciaconservation in Tajikistan
Authors: Kachel Shannon M. , McCarthy Kyle P. , McCarthy Thomas M. , Oshurmamadov Nuzar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDeclining availability of prey is potentially a major factor limiting snow leopardPanthera unciapopulations in Tajikistan and neighbouring states. Conservation initiatives to develop community-based trophy hunting programmes for ibexCapra sibiricaand argaliOvis ammon poliiaim to provide financial incentives for communities to limit poaching of wild ungulates. Such programmes could help to reverse local declines in ibex and argali populations, and consequently snow leopard populations, while simultaneously improving the economic status of local people. However, in practice the desired effect may not materialize. To investigate the premise, we estimated the population density of the snow leopard, using a spatial capture–recapture model based on camera trapping in two study areas (each c. 1,000 km2) in the Tajik Pamirs: a well-managed trophy hunting concession and an otherwise similar area where grazing and poaching are unmanaged. We used distance-truncated counts to assess relative densities of wild and domestic ungulates between sites, and faecal analyses to compare the dietary habits of snow leopards. Our data were limited in scope but suggested that the density of snow leopards and the relative density of wild and domestic ungulates may have been greater in the hunting concession, where wild ungulates accounted for a greater proportion of prey items. Our results provide preliminary evidence that trophy hunting of ungulates may be a viable tool for achieving snow leopard conservation goals; however, we conclude that further investigation is necessary to adequately address the question.
An ontological approach to engineering requirement representation and analysis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Alolika , Ameri Farhad 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRequirement planning is one of the most critical tasks in the product development process. Despite its significant impact on the outcomes of the design process, engineering requirement planning is often conducted in an ad hoc manner without much structure. In particular, the requirement planning phase suffers from a lack of quantifiable measures for evaluating the quality of the generated requirements and also a lack of structure and formality in representing engineering requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop a formal Web Ontology Language ontology for standard representation of engineering requirements. The proposed ontology uses explicit semantics that makes the ontology amenable to automated reasoning. To demonstrate how the proposed ontology can support requirement analysis and evaluation in engineering design, three possible services enabled by the ontology are introduced in this paper. These services are information content measurement, specificity and completeness analysis, and requirement classification. The proposed ontology and its associated algorithms and tools are validated experimentally in this work.