bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Wide Local Excision for Treatment of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans With Long-Term Follow-up: The Mayo Clinic Experience
Authors: Lowe Garrett C. , Onajin Oluwakemi , Baum Christian L. , Otley Clark C. , Arpey Christopher J. , Roenigk Randall K. , Brewer Jerry D. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a soft tissue tumor with slow infiltrative growth and local recurrence if inadequately excised.

OBJECTIVE
To compare long-term outcomes after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excision (WLE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Records of patients with DFSP surgically treated with WLE or MMS from January 1955 through March 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
Mean follow-up for patients treated with MMS (n = 67) and WLE (n = 91) was 4.8 and 5.7 years, respectively. Twenty-eight patients (30.8%) with WLE had recurrence (mean, 4.4 years), whereas only 2 (3.0%) with MMS had recurrence (1.0 and 2.6 years). Recurrence-free survival rates at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years were significantly higher with MMS (p < .001). Mean preoperative lesion sizes were similar (5–6 cm) between the 2 groups, whereas mean (standard deviation) postoperative defect sizes were 10.7 (4.3) cm and 8.8 (5.5) cm for WLE and MMS, respectively (p = .004). Primary closure was used for 73% of MMS cases, whereas WLE more commonly used flaps, grafts, or other closures (52%). Two Mohs layers typically were required for margin control.

CONCLUSION
Surgical excision with meticulous histologic evaluation of all surgical margins is needed for DFSP treatment to achieve long-term high cure rates and low morbidity.
Dermatologic Surgical Instruments: A History and Review
Authors: Gandhi Sumul A. , Kampp Jeremy T. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND
Dermatologic surgery requires precision and accuracy given the delicate nature of procedures performed. The use of the most appropriate instrument for each action helps optimize both functionality and cosmetic outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To review the history of surgical instruments used in dermatology, with a focus on mechanism and evolution to the instruments that are used in current practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted via textbook and journal research for historic references while review of current references was conducted online using multiple search engines and PubMed.

RESULTS
There are a number of articles that review instruments in dermatology, but this article adds a unique perspective in classifying their evolution, while also presenting them as levers that serve to increase human dexterity during the course of surgery.

CONCLUSION
Surgical instruments allow fine manipulation of tissue, which in turn produces optimal outcomes. Surgical tools have been around since the dawn of man, and their evolution parallels the extent to which human civilization has specialized over time. This article describes the evolution of instruments from the general surgical armamentaria to the specialized tools that are used today.
IATROGENIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANE IN MACULAR HOLE–INDUCED RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Gurav Prachi , Dave Prachi A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of choroidal neovascular membrane after vitreoretinal surgery in a patient with macular hole–induced retinal detachment.

Methods:
Retrospective observational case report.

Case description:
A 64-year-old lady presented with sudden drop in vision in the right eye since 20 days. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 6/36 in the right eye and 6/18 in the left eye. She was diagnosed with retinal detachment with a macular hole in the right eye. She underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade for the retinal detachment. Internal limiting membrane peeling was performed after staining with brilliant blue green dye and over the detached retina. Drainage of the subretinal fluid was performed through the macular hole and drainage retinotomy. Four months of postoperative examination revealed a scarred subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy surrounding it. This was confirmed by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography.

Conclusion:
Visual loss secondary to choroidal neovascular membrane can occur because of surgical trauma to the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch membrane. Drainage of the subretinal fluid should be preferably avoided through the macular hole to prevent this complication.
Carotid Arterial Flow in Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and its Role in Diagnosing the Disease
Authors: Uz Burcin , Durum Yasemin , Kocatürk Tolga , Dayanir Yelda O. , Dayanir Volkan , Bilgen Mehmet 
Published: October 2016

Objective of the Study:
The objective of the study was to investigate the change in carotid arterial flow in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) for determining its diagnostic value.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with XFG (N=30) and control subjects (N=22) were recruited. Common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery of each participant were examined using color Doppler and B-mode ultrasonography. Resistivity index (RI), as a flow parameter of interest, was measured and statistically compared between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic was also produced to assess its diagnostic value.

Results:
The measured RI values from the controls were within the expected range. Among CCA and internal carotid artery, only RI of CCA exhibited statistically significant changes in XFG (0.75±0.04 vs. 0.70±0.03 cm/s). Threshold value of RI=0.72 yielded 90% sensitivity and 73% specificity in distinguishing the cases of XFG from the controls.

Conclusions:
Flow dynamics of carotid arterial system exhibits different characteristics in individuals with XFG than controls. Such differences may serve as a basis for developing potentially new diagnostic biomarkers of XFG. Further studies are justified for examining the carotid flow in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and compare it against XFG for determining its power in differential diagnosis.
Primary immunodeficiencies due to abnormalities of the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Burns Siobhan O. , Zarafov Anton , Thrasher Adrian J. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are inherited conditions where components of the immune system are missing or dysfunctional. Over 300 genes have been causally linked to monogenic forms of PID, including a number that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. The majority of cytoskeletal defects disrupt assembly and disassembly of filamentous actin in multiple immune cell lineages impacting functions such as cell migration and adhesion, pathogen uptake, intercellular communication, intracellular signalling, and cell division.

Recent findings
In the past 24 months, new actin defects have been identified through next generation sequencing technologies. Substantial progress has also been made in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to immunological dysfunction, and also how the cytoskeleton participates in normal physiological immune processes.

Summary
This review summarises recent advances in the field, raising awareness of these conditions and our current understanding of their presentation. Description of further cases and new conditions will extend the clinical phenotype of actin-related disorders, and will promote the development of more effective and targeted therapies.
Early Adversity, Psychopathology, and Latent Class Profiles of Global Physical Health From Preschool Through Early Adolescence
Authors: Whalen Diana J. , Belden Andy C. , Tillman Rebecca , Barch Deanna M. , Luby Joan L. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of the present report was to describe the longitudinal trajectories of physical health beginning during preschool and continuing into early adolescence; explore whether these trajectories were predicted by psychosocial adversity, family income-to-needs ratio, and psychiatric disorders occurring during the preschool period; and determine whether psychiatric disorders mediated these relations.

Methods
Participants included 296 children participating in a longitudinal study of early-onset psychopathology spanning 10 years. Semistructured clinical interviews were conducted with caregivers to determine children's psychiatric diagnoses between ages 3 and 6 years. Caregivers also completed annual assessments of their child's physical health problems (ages 3–13) and reported on the family's income and indicators of psychosocial adversity.

Results
Growth mixture modeling revealed 2 trajectories of physical health problems: a stable, low group (n = 199) and a high, increasing group (n = 57) indicating linear increases in physical health problems from ages 3 to 13. Preschool psychiatric diagnoses (Estimate [Est] = 0.05, p < .001), family income-to-needs ratio (Est = −0.01, p = .012), and psychosocial adversity (Est = 0.02, p = .015) predicted membership in the high, increasing trajectory of physical health problems. Early-onset psychopathology mediated relations between psychosocial adversity and physical health problems (αβ = 0.31, p = .050) and between income-to-needs ratio and physical health problems (αβ = −0.29, p < .021).

Conclusions
These findings indicate the importance of early indicators of risk: low income-to-needs ratios, high psychosocial adversity, and psychiatric disorders occurring during the preschool period for contributing to increasing physical health problems from preschool through early adolescence. Early-onset psychiatric disorders also mediated relations between psychosocial adversity, income-to-needs ratio, and physical health problems.
Morphological plant modeling: Unleashing geometric and topological potential within the plant sciences
Authors: Bucksch Alexander , Atta-Boateng Acheampong , Azihou Akomian Fortuné , Balduzzi Mathilde , Battogtokh Dorjsuren , Baumgartner Aly , Binder Brad M. , Braybrook Siobhan A. , Chang Cynthia , Coneva Viktoiriya , DeWitt Thomas J. , Fletcher Alexander G. , Gehan Malia A. , Hernan Diaz Martinez Diego , Hong Lilan , Iyer-Pascuzzi Anjali S. , Klein Laura L. , Leiboff Samuel , Li Mao , Lynch Jonathan P. , Maizel Alexis , Maloof Julin N. , Markelz R.J. Cody , Martinez Ciera C. , Miller Laura A. , Mio Washington , Palubicki Wojtek , Poorter Hendrik , Pradal Christophe , Price Charles A. , Puttonen Eetu , Reese John , Rellán-Álvarez Rubén , Spalding Edgar P. , Sparks Erin E. , Topp Christopher N. , Williams Joseph , Chitwood Daniel H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPlant morphology is inherently mathematical in that morphology describes plant form and architecture with geometrical and topological descriptors. The geometries and topologies of leaves, flowers, roots, shoots and their spatial arrangements have fascinated plant biologists and mathematicians alike. Beyond providing aesthetic inspiration, quantifying plant morphology has become pressing in an era of climate change and a growing human population. Modifying plant morphology, through molecular biology and breeding, aided by a mathematical perspective, is critical to improving agriculture, and the monitoring of ecosystems with fewer natural resources. In this white paper, we begin with an overview of the mathematical models applied to quantify patterning in plants. We then explore fundamental challenges that remain unanswered concerning plant morphology, from the barriers preventing the prediction of phenotype from genotype to modeling the movement of leafs in air streams. We end with a discussion concerning the incorporation of plant morphology into educational programs. This strategy focuses on synthesizing biological and mathematical approaches and ways to facilitate research advances through outreach, cross-disciplinary training, and open science. This white paper arose from bringing mathematicians and biologists together at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) workshop titled “Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences” held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in September, 2015. Never has the need to quantify plant morphology been more imperative. Unleashing the potential of geometric and topological approaches in the plant sciences promises to transform our understanding of both plants and mathematics.
Computational prediction of the tolerance to amino-acid deletion in green-fluorescent protein
Authors: Jackson Eleisha L. , Spielman Stephanie J. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProteins evolve through two primary mechanisms: substitution, where mutations alter a protein’s amino-acid sequence, and insertions and deletions (indels), where amino acids are either added to or removed from the sequence. Protein structure has been shown to influence the rate at which substitutions accumulate across sites in proteins, but whether structure similarly constrains the occurrence of indels has not been rigorously studied. Here, we investigate the extent to which structural properties known to covary with protein evolutionary rates might also predict protein tolerance to indels. Specifically, we analyze a publicly available dataset of single–amino-acid deletion mutations in enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to assess how well the functional effect of deletions can be predicted from protein structure. We find that weighted contact number (WCN), which measures how densely packed a residue is within the protein’s three-dimensional structure, provides the best single predictor for whether eGFP will tolerate a given deletion. We additionally find that using protein design to explicitly model deletions results in improved predictions of functional status when combined with other structural predictors. Our work suggests that structure plays fundamental role in constraining deletions at sites in proteins, and further that similar biophysical constraints influence both substitutions and deletions. This study therefore provides a solid foundation for future work to examine how protein structure influences tolerance of more complex indel events, such as insertions or large deletions.
A molecular portrait of microsatellite instability across multiple cancers
Authors: Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , Lee Sejoon , Park Woong-Yang , Kim Tae-Min , J. Park Peter 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTMicrosatellite instability (MSI) refers to the hypermutability of the cancer genome due to impaired DNA mismatch repair. Although MSI has been studied for decades, the large amount of sequencing data now available allows us to examine the molecular fingerprints of MSI in greater detail. Here, we analyze ~8000 exome and ~1000 whole-genome pairs across 23 cancer types. Our pan-cancer analysis reveals that the prevalence of MSI events is highly variable within and across tumor types including some in which MSI is not typically examined. We also identify genes in DNA repair and oncogenic pathways recurrently subject to MSI and uncover non-coding loci that frequently display MSI events. Finally, we propose an exomebased predictive model for the MSI phenotype that achieves high sensitivity and specificity. These results advance our understanding of the genomic drivers and consequences of MSI, and a comprehensive catalog of tumor-type specific MSI loci we have generated enables efficient panel-based MSI testing to identify patients who are likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
A transcallosal fiber system between homotopic inferior frontal regions supports complex linguistic processing
Authors: Kellmeyer Philipp , Vry Magnus-Sebastian , Ball Tonio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInferior frontal regions in the left and right hemisphere support different aspects of language processing. In the canonical model, left inferior frontal regions are mostly involved in processing based on phonological, syntactic and semantic features of language, whereas the right inferior frontal regions process paralinguistic aspects like affective prosody.Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based probabilistic fiber tracking in 20 healthy volunteers, we identify a callosal fiber system connecting left and right inferior frontal regions that are involved in linguistic processing of varying complexity. Anatomically, we show that the interhemispheric fibers are highly aligned and distributed along a rostral to caudal gradient in the body and genu of the corpus callosum to connect homotopic inferior frontal regions.In light of converging data, taking previous DTI-based tracking studies and clinical case studies into account, our findings suggest that the right inferior frontal cortex not only processes paralinguistic aspects of language (such as affective prosody), as purported by the canonical model, but also supports the computation of linguistic aspects of varying complexity in the human brain. Our model may explain patterns of right hemispheric contribution to stroke recovery as well as disorders of prosodic processing. Beyond language-related brain function, we discuss how interspecies differences in interhemispheric connectivity and fiber density, including the system we described here, may also explain differences in transcallosal information transfer and cognitive abilities across different mammalian species.
Opening the black box: knowledge creation in data teams
Authors: Hubers Mireille D. , Poortman Cindy L. , Schildkamp Kim , Pieters Jules M. , Handelzalts Adam 
Published: October 2016

Purpose– In this study, Nonaka and Takeuchi’s socialization, externalization, combination and internalization (SECI) model of knowledge creation is used to gain insight into the process of knowledge creation in data teams. These teams are composed of school leaders and teachers, who work together to improve the quality of education. They collaboratively create knowledge related to data use and to an educational problem they are studying. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative micro-process case study was conducted for two data teams. The modes, transitions and content of the knowledge creation process were analyzed for all data team meetings over a two-year period. In addition, all team members were interviewed twice to triangulate the findings.Findings– Results show that the knowledge creation process was cyclical across meetings, but more iterative within meetings. Furthermore, engagement in the socialization and internalization mode provided added value in this process. Finally, the SECI model clearly differentiated between team members’ processes. Team members who engaged more often in the socialization and internalization modes and displayed more personal engagement in those modes gained greater and deeper knowledge.Research limitations/implications– The SECI model is valuable for understanding how teams gain new knowledge and why they differ in those gains.Practical implications– Stimulation of active personal engagement in the socialization and internalization mode is needed.Originality/value– This is one of the first attempts to concretely observe the process of knowledge creation. It provides essential insights into what educators do in professional development contexts, and how support can best be provided.
Acute calcium kinetics in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Pirklbauer Markus , Schupart Ramona , Mayer Gert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionTo avoid excessive calcium loading in haemodialysis (HD) patients, current guidelines suggest a dialysate calcium concentration (dCa) of 2·5 mEq/L based on relatively stable intradialytic serum calcium levels. However, the latter do not account for possible calcium storage in acutely accessible pools. A rapidly exchangeable calcium pool located at the bone level has been previously proposed to be involved in acute (minute‐to‐minute) extracellular calcium regulation.DesignTo evaluate the contribution of this pool in the maintenance of serum calcium levels, acute calcium buffer capacity was assessed by measuring intradialytic dialysate‐sided ionized calcium mass balance (iCaMB) and change in extracellular fluid calcium mass in chronic HD patients using a dCa of 3·5 (n = 28) and 2·5 (n = 10) mEq/L. Serum osteocalcin, the most abundant noncollagenous bone protein, was measured before the HD session.ResultsiCaMB was invariably positive for both 2·5 and 3·5 mEq/L dCa, with a mean of 434 (±125) and 725 (±162) mg/HD, respectively (P < 0·001). Buffered intradialytic calcium load was 410 (±116) and 565 (±130) mg/HD, and acute calcium buffer capacity was 95 (±8)% and 78 (±7)% (mean values at 2·5 and 3·5 mEq/L dCa, respectively) (P < 0·001). Using 3·5 mEq/L dCa, an independent association of acute calcium buffer capacity with undercarboxylated osteocalcin (β = 0·512, P = 0·002) was demonstrated.ConclusionsOur data strongly suggest the existence of a rapidly exchangeable calcium pool that counteracts acute serum calcium deviations in HD patients. This study provides, for the first time, experimental evidence for the involvement of bone in acute extracellular calcium regulation in vivo.
Stratification of pseudoprogression and true progression of glioblastoma multiform based on longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging without segmentation
Authors: Qian Xiaohua , Tan Hua , Zhang Jian , Zhao Weilin , Chan Michael D. , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: October 2016

PurposePseudoprogression (PsP) can mimic true tumor progression (TTP) on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with glioblastoma multiform (GBM). The phenotypical similarity between PsP and TTP makes it a challenging task for physicians to distinguish these entities. So far, no approved biomarkers or computer‐aided diagnosis systems have been used clinically for this purpose.MethodsTo address this challenge, the authors developed an objective classification system for PsP and TTP based on longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging. A novel spatio‐temporal discriminative dictionary learning scheme was proposed to differentiate PsP and TTP, thereby avoiding segmentation of the region of interest. The authors constructed a novel discriminative sparse matrix with the classification‐oriented dictionary learning approach by excluding the shared features of two categories, so that the pooled features captured the subtle difference between PsP and TTP. The most discriminating features were then identified from the pooled features by their feature scoring system. Finally, the authors stratified patients with GBM into PsP and TTP by a support vector machine approach. Tenfold cross‐validation (CV) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) were used to assess the robustness of the developed system.ResultsThe average accuracy and AUC values after ten rounds of tenfold CV were 0.867 and 0.92, respectively. The authors also assessed the effects of different methods and factors (such as data types, pooling techniques, and dimensionality reduction approaches) on the performance of their classification system which obtained the best performance.ConclusionsThe proposed objective classification system without segmentation achieved a desirable and reliable performance in differentiating PsP from TTP. Thus, the developed approach is expected to advance the clinical research and diagnosis of PsP and TTP.