bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glyoxal yield from isoprene oxidation and relation to formaldehyde: chemical mechanism, constraints from SENEX aircraft observations, and interpretation of OMI satellite data
Authors: Chan Miller Christopher , Jacob Daniel J. , Marais Eloise A. , Yu Karen , Travis Katherine R. , Kim Patrick S. , Fisher Jenny A. , Zhu Lei , Wolfe Glenn M. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Keutsch Frank N. , Kaiser Jennifer , Min Kyung-Eun , Brown Steven S. , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , González Abad Gonzalo , Chance Kelly 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Like formaldehyde (HCHO), another VOC oxidation product, it is measurable from space by solar backscatter. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dominant source of CHOCHO and HCHO in most of the world. We use aircraft observations of CHOCHO and HCHO from the SENEX campaign over the southeast US in summer 2013 to better understand the CHOCHO time-dependent yield from isoprene oxidation, its dependence on nitrogen oxides (NOx  ≡  NO + NO2), the behavior of the CHOCHO–HCHO relationship, the quality of OMI CHOCHO satellite observations, and the implications for using CHOCHO observations from space as constraints on isoprene emissions. We simulate the SENEX and OMI observations with the Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) featuring a new chemical mechanism for CHOCHO formation from isoprene. The mechanism includes prompt CHOCHO formation under low-NOx conditions following the isomerization of the isoprene peroxy radical (ISOPO2). The SENEX observations provide support for this prompt CHOCHO formation pathway, and are generally consistent with the GEOS-Chem mechanism. Boundary layer CHOCHO and HCHO are strongly correlated in the observations and the model, with some departure under low-NOx conditions due to prompt CHOCHO formation. SENEX vertical profiles indicate a free-tropospheric CHOCHO background that is absent from the model. The OMI CHOCHO data provide some support for this free-tropospheric background and show southeast US enhancements consistent with the isoprene source but a factor of 2 too low. Part of this OMI bias is due to excessive surface reflectivities assumed in the retrieval. The OMI CHOCHO and HCHO seasonal data over the southeast US are tightly correlated and provide redundant proxies of isoprene emissions. Higher temporal resolution in future geostationary satellite observations may enable detection of the prompt CHOCHO production under low-NOx conditions apparent in the SENEX data.
Comparison of primary and secondary particle formation from natural gas engine exhaust and of their volatility characteristics
Authors: Alanen Jenni , Simonen Pauli , Saarikoski Sanna , Timonen Hilkka , Kangasniemi Oskari , Saukko Erkka , Hillamo Risto , Lehtoranta Kati , Murtonen Timo , Vesala Hannu , Keskinen Jorma , Rönkkö Topi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Natural gas usage in the traffic and energy production sectors is a growing trend worldwide; thus, an assessment of its effects on air quality, human health and climate is required. Engine exhaust is a source of primary particulate emissions and secondary aerosol precursors, which both contribute to air quality and can cause adverse health effects. Technologies, such as cleaner engines or fuels, that produce less primary and secondary aerosols could potentially significantly decrease atmospheric particle concentrations and their adverse effects. In this study, we used a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber to investigate the secondary aerosol formation potential of natural gas engine exhaust. The PAM chamber was used with a constant UV-light voltage, which resulted in relatively long equivalent atmospheric ages of 11 days at most. The studied retro-fitted natural gas engine exhaust was observed to form secondary aerosol. The mass of the total aged particles, i.e., particle mass measured downstream of the PAM chamber, was 6–268 times as high as the mass of the emitted primary exhaust particles. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential was measured to be 9–20 mg kgfuel−1. The total aged particles mainly consisted of organic matter, nitrate, sulfate and ammonium, with the fractions depending on exhaust after-treatment and the engine parameters used. Also, the volatility, composition and concentration of the total aged particles were found to depend on the engine operating mode, catalyst temperature and catalyst type. For example, a high catalyst temperature promoted the formation of sulfate particles, whereas a low catalyst temperature promoted nitrate formation. However, in particular, the concentration of nitrate needed a long time to stabilize – more than half an hour – which complicated the conclusions but also indicates the sensitivity of nitrate measurements on experimental parameters such as emission source and system temperatures. Sulfate was measured to have the highest evaporation temperature, and nitrate had the lowest. The evaporation temperature of ammonium depended on the fractions of nitrate and sulfate in the particles. The average volatility of the total aged particles was measured to be lower than that of primary particles, indicating better stability of the aged natural gas engine-emitted aerosol in the atmosphere. According to the results of this study, the exhaust of a natural gas engine equipped with a catalyst forms secondary aerosol when the atmospheric ages in a PAM chamber are several days long. The secondary aerosol matter has different physical characteristics from those of primary particulate emissions.
Boundary layer and free-tropospheric dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic spring and summer
Authors: Ghahreman Roya , Norman Ann-Lise , Croft Betty , Martin Randall V. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Burkart Julia , Rempillo Ofelia , Bozem Heiko , Kunkel Daniel , Thomas Jennie L. , Aliabadi Amir A. , Wentworth Gregory R. , Levasseur Maurice , Staebler Ralf M. , Sharma Sangeeta , Leaitch W. Richard 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Vertical distributions of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS(g)) were sampled aboard the research aircraft Polar 6 near Lancaster Sound, Nunavut, Canada, in July 2014 and on pan-Arctic flights in April 2015 that started from Longyearbyen, Spitzbergen, and passed through Alert and Eureka, Nunavut, and Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Larger mean DMS(g) mixing ratios were present during April 2015 (campaign mean of 116  ±  8 pptv) compared to July 2014 (campaign mean of 20  ±  6 pptv). During July 2014, the largest mixing ratios were found near the surface over the ice edge and open water. DMS(g) mixing ratios decreased with altitude up to about 3 km. During April 2015, profiles of DMS(g) were more uniform with height and some profiles showed an increase with altitude. DMS reached as high as 100 pptv near 2500 m. Relative to the observation averages, GEOS-Chem (www.geos-chem.org) chemical transport model simulations were higher during July and lower during April. Based on the simulations, more than 90 % of the July DMS(g) below 2 km and more than 90 % of the April DMS(g) originated from Arctic seawater (north of 66° N). During April, 60 % of the DMS(g), between 500 and 3000 m originated from Arctic seawater. During July 2014, FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) simulations locate the sampled air mass over Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago 4 days back from the observations. During April 2015, the locations of the air masses 4 days back from sampling were varied: Baffin Bay/Canadian Archipelago, the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and the Pacific Ocean. Our results highlight the role of open water below the flight as the source of DMS(g) during July 2014 and the influence of long-range transport (LRT) of DMS(g) from further afield in the Arctic above 2500 m during April 2015.
An automatic DI-flux at the Livingston Island geomagnetic observatory, Antarctica: requirements and lessons learned
Authors: Marsal Santiago , Curto Juan José , Torta Joan Miquel , Gonsette Alexandre , Favà Vicent , Rasson Jean , Ibañez Miquel , Cid Òscar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The DI-flux, consisting of a fluxgate magnetometer coupled with a theodolite, is used for the absolute manual measurement of the magnetic field angles in most ground-based observatories worldwide. Commercial solutions for an automated DI-flux have recently been developed by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), and are practically restricted to the AutoDIF and its variant, the GyroDIF. In this article, we analyze the pros and cons of both instruments in terms of its suitability for installation at the partially manned geomagnetic observatory of Livingston Island (LIV), Antarctica. We conclude that the GyroDIF, even if it is less accurate and more power demanding, is more suitable than the AutoDIF for harsh conditions due to the simpler infrastructure that is necessary. Power constraints in the Spanish Antarctic Station Juan Carlos I (ASJI) during the unmanned season require an energy-efficient design of the thermally regulated box housing the instrument as well as thorough power management. Our experiences can benefit the geomagnetic community, which often faces similar challenges.
The CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS) v1.0: implementation and global carbon balance 2001–2015
Authors: van der Laan-Luijkx Ingrid T. , van der Velde Ivar R. , van der Veen Emma , Tsuruta Aki , Stanislawska Karolina , Babenhauserheide Arne , Zhang Hui Fang , Liu Yu , He Wei , Chen Huilin , Masarie Kenneth A. , Krol Maarten C. , Peters Wouter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Data assimilation systems are used increasingly to constrain the budgets of reactive and long-lived gases measured in the atmosphere. Each trace gas has its own lifetime, dominant sources and sinks, and observational network (from flask sampling and in situ measurements to space-based remote sensing) and therefore comes with its own optimal configuration of the data assimilation. The CarbonTracker Europe data assimilation system for CO2 estimates global carbon sources and sinks, and updates are released annually and used in carbon cycle studies. CarbonTracker Europe simulations are performed using the new modular implementation of the data assimilation system: the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS). Here, we present and document this redesign of the data assimilation code that forms the heart of CarbonTracker, specifically meant to enable easy extension and modification of the data assimilation system. This paper also presents the setup of the latest version of CarbonTracker Europe (CTE2016), including the use of the gridded state vector, and shows the resulting carbon flux estimates. We present the distribution of the carbon sinks over the hemispheres and between the land biosphere and the oceans. We show that with equal fossil fuel emissions, 2015 has a higher atmospheric CO2 growth rate compared to 2014, due to reduced net land carbon uptake in later year. The European carbon sink is especially present in the forests, and the average net uptake over 2001–2015 was 0. 17 ± 0. 11 PgC yr−1 with reductions to zero during drought years. Finally, we also demonstrate the versatility of CTDAS by presenting an overview of the wide range of applications for which it has been used so far.
Brief communication: 3-D reconstruction of a collapsed rock pillar from Web-retrieved images and terrestrial lidar data – the 2005 event of the west face of the Drus (Mont Blanc massif)
Authors: Guerin Antoine , Abellán Antonio , Matasci Battista , Jaboyedoff Michel , Derron Marc-Henri , Ravanel Ludovic 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In June 2005, a series of major rockfall events completely wiped out the Bonatti Pillar located in the legendary Drus west face (Mont Blanc massif, France). Terrestrial lidar scans of the west face were acquired after this event, but no pre-event point cloud is available. Thus, in order to reconstruct the volume and the shape of the collapsed blocks, a 3-D model has been built using photogrammetry (structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithms) based on 30 pictures collected on the Web. All these pictures were taken between September 2003 and May 2005. We then reconstructed the shape and volume of the fallen compartment by comparing the SfM model with terrestrial lidar data acquired in October 2005 and November 2011. The volume is calculated to 292 680 m3 (±5.6 %). This result is close to the value previously assessed by Ravanel and Deline (2008) for this same rock avalanche (265 000 ± 10 000 m3). The difference between these two estimations can be explained by the rounded shape of the volume determined by photogrammetry, which may lead to a volume overestimation. However it is not excluded that the volume calculated by Ravanel and Deline (2008) is slightly underestimated, the thickness of the blocks having been assessed manually from historical photographs.
FALHAS NO INÍCIO DO RECONHECIMENTO JURÍDICO DO DOMÍNIO PRIVADO ABSOLUTO SOBRE TERRAS NO BRASIL: Estudo para Melhor Compreensão da Situação Atual das Terras Devolutas e da Falta de Presunção Absoluta de Veracidade do Registro Imobiliário Comum - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i1.30016
Authors: Grande Júnior Cláudio 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O artigo aborda falhas da Lei de Terras do Império, de 1850, e de seu Regulamento, de 1854, que concorreram decisivamente para a formação do atual quadro fundiário brasileiro, de ocultação de considerável parte das terras devolutas por registros imobiliários de conteúdo inverídico, porque certificam propriedades privadas sem origem válida. Falhas relacionadas ao reconhecimento jurídico do domínio privado absoluto sobre terras no Brasil, mais exatamente a forma como ele teve início, sem compromisso com a segurança jurídica mínima necessária para uma adequada efetivação do contemporâneo direito abstrato de propriedade sobre a terra. São analisadas principalmente as implicações dos arts. 22 ao 27 do Regulamento da Lei de Terras do Império (Decreto n.º 1.318, de 1854), associadas à demora do Poder Público em fazer cumprir outras determinações da legislação de terras. Por fim, demonstra-se a perpetuação desses problemas, mesmo após a tardia organização de um sistema registral imobiliário obrigatório. ABSTRACT:The article deals with failures of the Land Law of the Empire, of 1850, and of its Regulation, of 1854, which contributed decisively to the formation of the current Brazilian land framework, concealing considerable part of untitled public lands by records of real estate registries of untrue content, because certify private properties without valid source. Failures related to the legal recognition of the absolute private domain over lands in Brazil, more exactly the way it began, uncommitted with the necessary minimum legal security for an adequate execution of the contemporary abstract law of ownership over the land. The implications of arts. 22 to 27 of the Regulation of the Land Law of the Empire (Decree no. 1,318, of 1854) are primarily analyzed, in association with the delay of Public Power to enforce other determinations of the land legislation. Finally, it demonstrates the perpetuation of these problems, even after the late organization of a mandatory real estate registration system.
A IMIGRAÇÃO E O TRÁFICO DE PESSOAS FACE A FACE COM A ADVERSIDADE E OS DIREITOS HUMANOS: Xenofobia, Discriminação, Exploração Sexual, Trabalho Escravo e Precarização do Trabalho - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i1.36477
Authors: Sánchez Rubio David 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O artigo trata da imigração e do tráfico de pessoas em contraponto com os direitos humanos, passando por temas como a xenofobia, a exploração sexual, a discriminação, o trabalho escravo e a exploração do trabalho, explorando metodologicamente a reflexão à partir da linguagem cinematográfica comparando-a com a realidade dos migrantes no mundo contemporâneo. Trata do problema da migração na era globalizada e nos Estados Constitucionais de direito, informados pelo conceito de cidadania e direitos humanos, nos vários continentes, colocando em análise as causas dos problemas gerados nestas relações. Discute duas possibilidades de direitos humanos nesses países e analisa documentos internacionais, frisando a dicotomia entre teoria e prática, buscando revelar a negação e a exclusão ao analisar na estrutura social desigual e assimétrica existente. ABSTRACT:This paper is about immigration and trafficking in persons in contrast with the Human Rights, going through topics like xenophobia, sexual exploitation, discrimination, slave work and labor exploitation, exploring methodologically the reflection through the cinematic language, comparing it with the reality of the immigrants in the contemporary world. It is about the immigration problem during the globalized era and the Constitutional State of Rights, informed by the concept of citizenship and human rights, on different continents, placing under review the issues’ causes generated on this relations. It discusses two possibilities of human rights on these countries and analyses international documents, highlighting the dichotomy between theory and practice, aiming to reveal the denial and the exclusion when analyzed the unequal and asymmetric social structure there is.
Listening to North Indian Classical Music: How Embodied Ways of Listening Perform Imagined Histories and Social Class
Authors: Alaghband-Zadeh Chloë 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
With this article, I theorize the sociality of embodied ways of listening to North Indian classical music. I focus on rasikas (connoisseurs): these expert listeners are conspicuous at live performances, where they gesture and comment to express their enjoyment of the music. Based on ethnography and interviews with musicians and music lovers in Delhi, Mumbai, and Pune, I argue that rasikas’ embodied, audible listening practices enact shared imagined histories and perform expertise and social status. Moreover, these listening behaviors also sustain values of the so-called old middle class in India in the face of economic and social change.
“Then to Death Walked, Softly Smiling”: Violence and Martyrdom in Modern Irish Republican Ballads
Authors: Cadhla Seán Ó 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article critically considers the representation of death within the song tradition of modern Irish Republicanism. I explore how such representations have changed in parallel with the various ideological metamorphoses that Irish Republicanism has undergone, specifically in the twentieth century. I argue that the centrality of self-sacrifice has resulted in the development of ballad narratives that deliberately obfuscate on the issue of Republican violence, resulting in the deaths of all Republican militants (regardless of cause or context), ultimately portrayed as a form of heroic self-martyrdom.
San alt seo, déantar anailís chriticiúil ar léiriú an bháis i dtraidisiún amhránaíocht Phoblachtach na hÉireann. Tugtar faoi deara na hathruithe a d’éirigh don léiriú seo mar throradh ar na claochlaithe idé-eolaíochta éagsúla a tháinig ar an bPoblachtachas le linn an fichiú haois go háirithe. Maítear ann go maolaítear foréigean Poblachtach sna bailéid atá faoi chaibidil d’aon ghnó, chun bás an mhíleataigh Phoblachtaigh a chur in iúl mar fhéiníobairt laochúil, beag beann ar chúis nó ar chomhthéacs.
Performing “Participation”: Kanyeleng Musicians and Global Health in the Gambia
Authors: McConnell Bonnie B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Kanyeleng fertility society musicians have become an integral part of health promotion programs in the Gambia. Health workers have embraced kanyeleng performance in the name of making their programs more participatory and therefore more effective in combatting persistent health problems. While participation has become a buzzword in global health discourse, the contested social relations of musical performances have not been adequately examined. Bringing a medical ethnomusicological perspective to interdisciplinary debates on participation, this article foregrounds the participatory dynamics of music making as they intersect with local concepts of music, health, and well-being.
Following Paesani Trails and Intimacies: San Giovanni and the Fairmont Coalfield
Authors: Tropea Joseph L. , Salvati Janet S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article documents personal lives in a Calabrian village in south Italy and the Fairmont Coalfield in northcentral West Virginia. It reveals the fracturing of families through emigration, betrayal, divorce, and death but, also, the Appalachian redemption of an immigrant woman. A range of primary sources is used, from West Virginia records of a mining disaster and a divorce to Italian police reports and interviews. Paesani (fellow villagers) guided the research not only in identifying emigration patterns but also patterns in leasing coal company housing; in deaths of women, children, and miners; in replacement of wives; and in recruitment of company labor. This research offers comparative glimpses into transformations in intimacy, inter-gender power, paid labor, and home production.
Gap Creek’s Celebration of Women’s Subjugation
Authors: Justus Michelle 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Through tropes of work and sex, Robert Morgan’s Gap Creek: The Story of a Marriage normalizes violations perpetrated by men against women. The book is set around the turn of the twentieth century, so as the protagonist, Julie, relates her story, it becomes a journey into an imagined past when women were women and knew how to help men become men, in the purest patriarchal sense of the terms. While Julie is cast as a strong mountain woman who is to be commended for her physical strength, maturity, and common sense, what actually underlies her admirable character traits is the novel’s approbation for her subservience and silence. Yet since its publication in 1999, the novel has enjoyed immense popular appeal as well as critical praise. I argue that Morgan’s insider status and his use of a contentedly subjugated woman narrator obfuscate the book’s sexist ideology.