bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal increase of neuronal precursor cells and exacerbated neuroinflammation in the corpus callosum in murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Leung Joseph Wai-Hin , Lau Benson Wui-Man , Chan Vera Sau-Fong , Lau Chak-Sing , So Kwok-Fai 
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which is characterised by elevated levels of autoantibodies and cytokines in the body. Via alteration of the regulation of inflammation, damage to different organ systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), was found in SLE patients. Patients diagnosed with SLE were reported to suffer from different kinds of psychiatric signs and symptoms. As neurogenesis has been suggested to be a potential key player of psychiatric symptoms and emotional behavior disturbances, this study aims to investigate whether neurogenesis is altered in an animal model of SLE. Also, neuroinflammation was studied. Methods: Female NZB/W F1 mice were used as an animal model of SLE. Animals were divided into two groups: 1. pre-diseased mice (lupus-prone NZB/W F1 female mice, age 10–15 weeks, negative for proteinuria and with basal levels of serum anti-dsDNA autoantibodies) and 2. diseased mice (NZB/W F1 female mice, > 25 weeks of age, with elevated serum levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and with persistent proteinuria of > 3 mg/ml for more than 2 weeks). Comparisons of the levels of neurogenesis and neuroinflammtion between two groups of mice were studied by the immunohistochemistry. Results: After the onset of SLE symptoms, a reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus was found, while there was a dramatic increase of doublecortin (DCX+) neuronal precursor cells in the corpus callosum (CC) and in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Meanwhile, exacerbated inflammation was present in the corpus callosum of the diseased mice, which was suggested by the increased number of GFAP+ cells and IBA-1+ cells. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing an increase of neuronal precursor cells in the corpus callosum of the female NZB/W F1 mice. The present study suggests a coincidence but not a causal relationship between neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. The present results have also provided new insight showing that the altered neurogenesis and neuroinflammation may be a potential neurological mechanism for the cognitive and mood disturbance found in the SLE patients.
Outcome of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Receiving a Cumulative Doses of ? 600 mCi (22GBq) of I-131
Authors: Nasreen Faria , Nahar Nurun , Sultana Sadia , Alam Faridul 
Published: June 2016

Background: There is no maximum limit for cumulative dose of I-131 for persistent disease in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. However, most remissions are obtained with cumulative activity equal to or lower than 600 mCi (22 GBq). On the other hand a significantly increased risk of leukemia and secondary cancers has been reported with high cumulative dose of I-131 (? 600 mCi). Above this cumulative activity further radioiodine therapy should be taken on an individualized basis.Objective: The aim of the study was to see the outcome of patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving a cumulative doses (CDs) of ? 600 mCi I-131.Patient and Method: A retrospective study of 72 patients with DTC receiving a CDs of ?600 mCi I-131 in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka during the period of January 1994 up to December 2007 was carried out. Initially all patients were treated by thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy as adjusted by standard protocol. The mean period of follow up was 8.9 ± 6 years. From the medical files, age, gender, histopathological variant, thyroid remnant and radio ablation doses, follow up data were recorded. Age was further categorized as <45 and ?45 years. Thyroid bed remnant was designated as significant if the thyroid bed uptake was ?5% after surgery. Dose was categorized in ?5 dose and > 5 doses to find its association with status on last follow up. Disease free (DF) was established as: undetectable or suppressed serum Tg levels <2.0 ng/mL and stimulated serum Tg level <10 ng/mL, two consecutive negative whole body scans.Results: A total of 38 patients had papillary carcinoma, eight had follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and 26 had follicular carcinoma. Age range at diagnosis was nine to 72 years. There were 22 males and 50 females giving a M: F ratio of about 1:2. Among the 72 patients 25 patients had lymph node metastases, eight had lung metastases and 20 had bone metastases at presentation. Twenty-one patients died during the whole observation period and 20 of them were cancer related. Two patients developed second malignancy.Conclusion: DTC patients with follicular variant, ? 45 years of age, having bone metastasis and significant thyroid remnant have less favourable outcome in spite of high cumulative doses of radioiodine. DTC patients with higher TNM stage and bone metastasis require higher and more radioiodine doses.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 114-119, July 2014
Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Mood Disorders and Role of Imaging: a Review
Authors: Biswas Tanima , Dey Shankar Kumar 
Published: June 2016

Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the adult brain impacting mood and cognition. Some psychiatric symptoms are produced by thyroid illnesses and there is a frequent association of thyroid dysfunction with mood disorders. It is now clear that without optimal thyroid function, mood disturbance, cognitive impairment and other phychiatric symptoms can emerge. The usefulness of adding thyroid hormones to antidepressive treatment in euthyroid patients to obtain a potentiation effect has been proved repeatedly. The most common strategy is potentiation with T3 , but high doses of T4 have been also used in patients with resistant depression. Brain imaging techniques evaluating cerebral metabolism, perfusion, and anatomy enabled encouraging insights into the thyroid-brain relationship. The most consistent finding in patients with hypothyroidism is global diffuse hypoperfusion more pronounced in posterior brain region or in parietal lobe. Functional MRI in patients with thyroid diseases of different length and severity could help to identify functional aberrations such as memory impairments or altered emotional processing, which has long been suggested from animal studies. Structural changes related to myelin, which have been observed in various animal models, can now be studied with quantitative T2 or quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can reveal information on white matter integrity.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 146-152, July 2014
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Selliera radicans (Goodeniaceae)
Authors: Pilkington Kay M. , Symonds V. Vaughan 
Published: June 2016

Premise of the study:Microsatellite markers were developed for species in the genus Selliera (Goodeniaceae) for future investigations of population genetic structure and interspecific hybridization within the genus.Methods and Results:Using 454 pyrosequencing, 15 new markers were developed from microsatellite loci isolated from S. radicans. Primers for the new markers amplify di‐ and trinucleotide repeat loci from the three Selliera species screened. Ten of the new markers are polymorphic in S. radicans and six of those 10 loci were found to be polymorphic within each congener. For the focal species, S. radicans, the average number of alleles per locus is 3.7 (SE = 0.60) and the average observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.23 (SE = 0.07) and 0.47 (SE = 0.08), respectively.Conclusions:The new markers provide an important resource for future investigations in the genus Selliera for both population genetics and research into hybridization between species.
USING KEPLER CANDIDATES TO EXAMINE THE PROPERTIES OF HABITABLE ZONE EXOPLANETS
Authors: Adams Arthur D. , Kane Stephen R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAn analysis of the currently known exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZs) of their host stars is of interest both in the wake of the NASAKeplermission and with prospects for expanding the known planet population through future ground- and space-based projects. In this paper, we compare the empirical distributions of the properties of stellar systems with transiting planets to those with transiting HZ planets. This comparison includes two categories: confirmed/validated transiting planet systems, andKeplerplanet and candidate planet systems. These two categories allow us to present quantitative analyses on both a conservative data set of known planets and a more optimistic and numerous sample ofKeplercandidates. Both are subject to similar instrumental and detection biases, and are vetted against false positive detections. We examine whether the HZ distributions vary from the overall distributions in theKeplersample with respect to planetary radius as well as stellar mass, effective temperature, and metallicity. We find that while the evidence is strongest in suggesting a difference between the size distributions of planets in the HZ and the overall size distribution, none of the statistical results provide strong empirical evidence for HZ planets or HZ planet-hosting stars being significantly different from the fullKeplersample with respect to these properties.
CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES OBSERVED DURING K2 CAMPAIGNS 0 AND 1
Authors: Dai Zhibin , Szkody Paula , Garnavich Peter M. , Kennedy Mark 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
There are 15 cataclysmic variables (CVs) observed in the first two campaigns of the K2 mission. In this paper, the eight CVs showing distinct features are analyzed in detail. Among these eight, modulations during quiescence are evident at the known orbital periods in the SU UMa stars QZ Vir and RZ Leo, and at our newly determined orbital periods for 1RXS J0632+2536 and WD 1144+011. The periodogram analysis for the quiescent light curve of QZ Vir reveals multi-period modulations and the coexistence of orbital and superhump periods. The phased orbital light curves for the other three CVs in quiescence display wide (about half cycle) and shallow (<0.5 mag) eclipse features. Besides these modulations, their quiescent light curves reveal several transient events: a sudden decrease of system light in 1RXS J0632+2536, a low-level flare-like event in QZ Vir, a short brightening event in RZ Leo, and a temporary disappearance of the orbital modulation in WD 1144+011. The two known dwarf novae UV Gem and TW Vir and the CVs USNO-B1.01144-00115322 and CSS 130516:111236:111236.7+002807 show outbursts, including one complete and three incomplete normal outbursts and two complete superoutbursts. An incomplete but typical normal outburst confirms the dwarf nova identification of the USNO-B1.01144-00115322. The one complete normal outburst in UV Gem may provide the orbital period, since its modulations are shorter than the previously observed superhump period. The superoutburst of CSS 130516:111236.7+002807, along with the corresponding superhump period, indicates that this object is an SU UMa star. The derived superhump period of CSS 130516:111236:111236.7+002807 is 1.44 hr, implying that this new SU UMa star is close to the period minimum.
THE APPEARANCE OF SPICULES IN HIGH RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS OF Ca ii H AND Hα
Authors: Pereira Tiago M. D. , Voort Luc Rouppe van der , Carlsson Mats 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Solar spicules are chromospheric fibrils that appear everywhere on the Sun, yet their origin is not understood. Using high resolution observations of spicules obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope, we aim to understand how spicules appear in filtergrams and Dopplergrams, how they compare in Ca ii H and Hα filtergrams, and what can make them appear and disappear. We find that spicules display a rich and detailed spatial structure, and show a distribution of transverse velocities that, when aligned with the line of sight, can make them appear at different Hα wing positions. They become more abundant at positions closer to the line core, reflecting a distribution of Doppler shifts and widths. In Hα width maps they stand out as bright features both on disk and off limb, reflecting their large Doppler motions and possibly higher temperatures than in the typical Hα formation region. Spicule lifetimes measured from narrowband images at only a few positions will be an underestimate because Doppler shifts can make them disappear prematurely from such images; for such cases, width maps are a more robust tool. In Hα and Ca ii H filtergrams, off-limb spicules essentially have the same properties, appearance, and evolution. We find that the sudden appearance of spicules can be explained by Doppler shifts from their transverse motions, and does not require other convoluted explanations.
A NEW SIMPLE DYNAMO MODEL FOR STELLAR ACTIVITY CYCLE
Authors: Yokoi N. , Schmitt D. , Pipin V. , Hamba F. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
A new simple dynamo model for stellar activity cycle is proposed. By considering an inhomogeneous flow effect on turbulence, it is shown that turbulent cross helicity (velocity–magnetic-field correlation) enters the expression of turbulent electromotive force as the coupling coefficient for the mean absolute vorticity. This makes the present model different from the current α–Ω-type models in two main ways. First, in addition to the usual helicity (α) and turbulent magnetic diffusivity (β) effects, we consider the cross-helicity effect as a key ingredient of the dynamo process. Second, the spatiotemporal evolution of cross helicity is solved simultaneously with the mean magnetic fields. The basic scenario is as follows. In the presence of turbulent cross helicity, the toroidal field is induced by the toroidal rotation. Then, as in usual models, the α effect generates the poloidal field from the toroidal one. This induced poloidal field produces a turbulent cross helicity whose sign is opposite to the original one (negative production). With this cross helicity of the reversed sign, a reversal in field configuration starts. Eigenvalue analyses of the simplest possible model give a butterfly diagram, which confirms the above scenario and the equatorward migrations, the phase relationship between the cross helicity and magnetic fields. These results suggest that the oscillation of the turbulent cross helicity is a key for the activity cycle. The reversal of the cross helicity is not the result of the magnetic-field reversal, but the cause of the latter. This new model is expected to open up the possibility of the mean-field or turbulence closure dynamo approaches.
THE INFLUENTIAL EFFECT OF BLENDING, BUMP, CHANGING PERIOD, AND ECLIPSING CEPHEIDS ON THE LEAVITT LAW
Authors: García-Varela A. , Muñoz J. R. , Sabogal B. E. , Domínguez S. Vargas , Martínez J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The investigation of the nonlinearity of the Leavitt law (LL) is a topic that began more than seven decades ago, when some of the studies in this field found that the LL has a break at about 10 days. The goal of this work is to investigate a possible statistical cause of this nonlinearity. By applying linear regressions to OGLE-II and OGLE-IV data, we find that to obtain the LL by using linear regression, robust techniques to deal with influential points and/or outliers are needed instead of the ordinary least-squares regression traditionally used. In particular, by using M- and MM-regressions we establish firmly and without doubt the linearity of the LL in the Large Magellanic Cloud, without rejecting or excluding Cepheid data from the analysis. This implies that light curves of Cepheids suggesting blending, bumps, eclipses, or period changes do not affect the LL for this galaxy. For the Small Magellanic Cloud, when including Cepheids of this kind, it is not possible to find an adequate model, probably because of the geometry of the galaxy. In that case, a possible influence of these stars could exist.
A new framework for inferring community assembly processes using phylogenetic information, relevant traits and environmental gradients
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Burgio Kevin , Carlucci Marcos , Palmquist Kyle , Parada Andres , Weinberger Vanessa , Hurlbert Allen 
Published: June 2016

Functional and phylogenetic diversity are increasingly used to infer the important community assembly processes that have structured local communities, which is one of the most fundamental issues in ecology. However, there are critical assumptions and pitfalls associated with these analyses, which can create ambiguity in interpreting results.
Here, we present a conceptual framework which integrates three approaches to reduce the likelihood of drawing incorrect conclusions from analyses of functional and phylogenetic diversity (FD and PD, respectively):

testing hypotheses for how diversity measures and ecological processes vary along an environmental gradient;

analysis of both FD and PD in concert; and

careful selection of traits related to processes of interest for inclusion in FD analyses.

testing hypotheses for how diversity measures and ecological processes vary along an environmental gradient;
analysis of both FD and PD in concert; and
careful selection of traits related to processes of interest for inclusion in FD analyses.
We describe the utility of each of these recommendations and show, using hypothetical examples, how combining these approaches can strengthen one’s ability to correctly infer community assembly. We present this framework in the context of identifying the signatures of interspecific competition and environmental filtering, important processes that operate in many systems across different taxa and are most often referred to in the FD and PD literature. We provide examples showing how our framework can be used to test general hypotheses such as the Stress-Dominance Hypothesis, which predicts a shift in the relative importance of environmental filtering and competition along a gradient of environmental stress, using PD and FD calculated separately for alpha (competition-related) traits and beta (environmental filtering-related) traits. Our approach can be applied to other processes besides competition and environmental filtering. This framework has the potential to enhance comparability between studies, allow for testing of alternative hypotheses regarding changes in community assembly processes along gradients, and improve interpretations of FD and PD analyses.
La symmachia comme pratique du droit international dans le monde grec
Authors: Couvenhes Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Résumé : La symmachia désigne à la fois l’aide concrète apportée par une armée à une autre sur le champ de bataille contre un ennemi commun mais aussi l’accord formalisé qui résulte ou prévoit cette aide entre deux États. Il s’agit ici de préciser les contours de la symmachia comme pratique du droit international dans le monde grec. Après avoir fait un tour d’horizon de l’historiographie relative à la symmachia , d’un point du droit, nous revenons sur la symmachia comme pratique contractuelle, puis nous envisageons une typologie des principales clauses des accords symmachiques, avant de rappeler quelques enjeux relatifs à la symmachia contractuelle dans le droit international du monde grec.
Sélection et hiérarchisation des affaires devant la CPI : les dits et non-dits de la politique pénale du Procureur
Authors: Dosen Manon 
Published: June 2016

Le 29 février dernier, le Bureau du Procureur de la Cour pénale internationale publiait un projet de document de politique générale relatif à la sélection et à la hiérarchisation des affaires, aux fins de consultations externes. Ce projet, qui complète un premier document relatif aux examens préliminaires publié en 2013, est censé définir clairement l’ensemble des critères selon lesquels les affaires sont choisies et classées par ordre de priorité par le Procureur. La démarche démontre un engagement concret du Bureau du Procureur en faveur d’un objectif de transparence et de lisibilité de son action. Toutefois, l’apport de ce projet réside tant dans les dits que dans les non-dits : si la définition des critères de sélection et de hiérarchisation délivre quelques éclaircissements quant à la politique pénale du Procureur, la question de son contrôle est complètement éludée.
The Lupus Susceptibility Gene Pbx1 Regulates the Balance between Follicular Helper T Cell and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Choi Seung-Chul , Hutchinson Tarun E. , Titov Anton A. , Seay Howard R. , Li Shiwu , Brusko Todd M. , Croker Byron P. , Salek-Ardakani Shahram , Morel Laurence 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Pbx1 controls chromatin accessibility to a large number of genes and is entirely conserved between mice and humans. The Pbx1-d dominant-negative isoform is more frequent in CD4+ T cells from lupus patients than from healthy controls. Pbx1-d is associated with the production of autoreactive T cells in mice carrying the Sle1a1 lupus-susceptibility locus. Transgenic (Tg) expression of Pbx1-d in CD4+ T cells reproduced the phenotypes of Sle1a1 mice, with increased inflammatory functions of CD4+ T cells and impaired Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis. Pbx1-d–Tg expression also expanded the number of follicular helper T cells (TFHs) in a cell-intrinsic and Ag-specific manner, which was enhanced in recall responses and resulted in Th1-biased Abs. Moreover, Pbx1-d–Tg CD4+ T cells upregulated the expression of miR-10a, miR-21, and miR-155, which were implicated in Treg and follicular helper T cell homeostasis. Our results suggest that Pbx1-d impacts lupus development by regulating effector T cell differentiation and promoting TFHs at the expense of Tregs. In addition, our results identify Pbx1 as a novel regulator of CD4+ T cell effector function.
Alterations in chromosomal synapses and DNA repair in apoptotic spermatocytes of Mus m. domesticus
Authors: Ayarza E. , González M. , López F. , Fernández-Donoso R. , Page J. , Berrios S. 
Published: June 2016

We investigated whether apoptotic spermatocytes from the mouse Mus m. domesticus presented alterations in chromosomal synapses and DNA repair. To enrich for apoptotic spermatocytes, the scrotum's temperature was raised by partially exposing animals for 15 min to a 42ºC water bath. Spermatocytes in initial apoptosis were identified in situ by detecting activated Caspase-9. SYCP1 and SYCP3 were markers for evaluating synapses or the structure of synaptonemal complexes and Rad51 and γH2AX for detecting DNA repair and chromatin remodeling. Apoptotic spermatocytes were concentrated in spermatogenic cycle stages III-IV (50.3%), XI-XII (44.1%) and IX-X (4.2%). Among apoptotic spermatocytes, 48% were in middle pachytene, 44% in metaphase and 6% in diplotene. Moreover, apoptotic spermatocytes showed several structural anomalies in autosomal bivalents, including splitting of chromosomal axes and partial asynapses between homologous chromosomes. γH2AX and Rad51 were atypically distributed during pachytene and as late as diplotene and associated with asynaptic chromatin, single chromosome axes or discontinuous chromosome axes. Among apoptotic spermatocytes at pachytene, 70% showed changes in the structure of synapses, 67% showed changes in γH2AX and Rad51 distribution and 50% shared alterations in both synapses and DNA repair. Our results showed that apoptotic spermatocytes from Mus m. domesticus contain a high frequency of alterations in chromosomal synapses and in the recruitment and distribution of DNA repair proteins. Together, these observations suggest that these alterations may have been detected by meiotic checkpoints triggering apoptosis.