bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Figure dell’apocalissi nella poesia di Eugenio Montale: verso una metafisica dell’inesistenza?
Authors: Orsino Margherita 
Published: July 2016

A partire da un’affermazione di E. Sanguineti sulla metafisicadell’inesistenza in Montale, si studia qui la presenza del tema apocalittico (inteso sia come rivelazione che come catastrofe) in una problematica moderna e laica. Dalla donna-angelo de Le occasioni e La bufera, all’angelo nero di Satura, fino alla Morgana del Quaderno di quattro anni, si analizzano la compresenza o evoluzione di registri e figure e si tentanoalcune sintesi della poetica montaliana.
Os recursos tecnológicos na formação e na prática do professor de italiano como língua estrangeira
Authors: Ortale Fernanda Landucci , Fernandes Fábio Roberto 
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o papel dos recursos tecnológicos no ensino de italiano e na formação de professores na era pósmétodo. Para tanto, propomos uma discussão sobre a redimensionalização da sala de aula de língua estrangeira, com base em quatro aspectos: oportunidades de aquisição e interação na língua-alvo, a possibilidade de desenvolvimento das habilidades orais, a ressignificação do laboratório linguístico e a aquisição de letramento digital.
Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Dutch Middle-Aged and Elderly Population
Authors: Praagman Jaike , de Jonge Ester A.L. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. , Beulens Joline W.J. , Sluijs Ivonne , Schoufour Josje D. , Hofman Albert , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Franco Oscar H. 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
We assessed whether the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) depends on the food source, the carbon chain length of SFA, and the substituting macronutrient.

Approach and Results—

From the Rotterdam Study, 4722 men and women (≥55 years) were included. Baseline (1990–1993) SFA intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. CHD (nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD) was ascertained by medical records. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, we calculated CHD risks for higher intakes of total SFA, SFA from specific food sources, SFA differing in carbon chain length, and substituting other macronutrients instead of SFA. During a median follow-up of 16.3 years, 659 CHD events occurred. Total SFA intake was not associated with CHD risk (hazard ratio [HR] per 5 en%, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.22), and neither was SFA from specific food sources. A higher CHD risk was observed for palmitic acid (16:0) intake (HR
SD
, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.15) but not for SFA with other chain lengths. Except for a higher CHD risk for substitution of SFA with animal protein (HR
5en%
, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.51), substitution with other macronutrients was not associated with CHD.

Conclusions—
In this Dutch population, we observed that a higher intake of palmitic acid, which accounts for ≈50% of the total SFA intake, was associated with a higher CHD risk, as was substitution of total SFA with animal protein. Nevertheless, we found no association between total SFA intake and CHD risk, which did not differ by food source.
Lipoprotein Apheresis for Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Roeseler Eberhard , Julius Ulrich , Heigl Franz , Spitthoever Ralf , Heutling Dennis , Breitenberger Paul , Leebmann Josef , Lehmacher Walter , Kamstrup Pia R. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Maerz Winfried , Noureen Asma , Schmidt Konrad , Kronenberg Florian , Heibges Andreas , Klingel Reinhard , Schettler Volker , Benzing Thomas , Christ Hildegard , Wehner Sabine , Schulz-Merkel Ines , Kuehn Ralf , Wagner Albrecht , Dschietzig Wilfried , Ernst Claudia , Koziolek Michael , Bunia Johannes , Kulzer Peter , Kraenzle Klaus-Dieter , Toelle Markus , Riechers Gerhard , Kuehnel Christine , Marsen Tobias , Saehn Christina , Ringel Jens , Messner Harald , Oehring Andreas , Schuerfeld Carsten , Wintergalen Michael , Schettler Volker , Neumann Falko , Kaul Harald , Haesner Martin , Passfall Juergen , Benschneider Andrea , Heidenreich Stefan , März Winfried , Klaes Ruediger , Binner Priska , Dieplinger Hans , Erhart Gertraud , Fassbender Cordula , Christ Hildegard 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
Lipoprotein(a)-hyperlipoproteinemia (Lp(a)-HLP) along with progressive cardiovascular disease has been approved as indication for regular lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in Germany since 2008. We aimed to study the long-term preventive effect of LA and to assess hypothetical clinical correlations of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) by analyzing genotypes and phenotypes.

Approach and Results—

This prospective observational multicenter study included 170 patients with Lp(a)-HLP and progressive cardiovascular disease (48.9 years median age at diagnosis) despite other cardiovascular risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had maximally been treated (mean baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: measured, 2.56 mmol/L [98.9 mg/dL] and corrected, 1.72 mmol/L [66.3 mg/dL]). Patients were prospectively investigated during a 5-year period about annual incidence rates of cardiovascular events. In addition, apo(a) isoforms and polymorphisms at the apo(a) gene (
LPA
) were characterized. One hundred fifty-four patients (90.6%) completed 5 years of follow-up. Mean Lp(a) concentration before commencing regular LA was 108.1 mg/dL. This was reduced by a single LA treatment by 68.1% on average. Significant decline of the mean annual cardiovascular event rate was observed from 0.58±0.53 2 years before regular LA to 0.11±0.15 thereafter (
P
<0.0001); 95.3% of patients expressed at least 1 small apo(a) isoform. Small apo(a) isoform (35.2%) carrying phenotypes were not tagged by single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs10455872 or rs3798220.

Conclusions—
Results of 5 years of prospective follow-up confirm that LA has a lasting effect on prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with Lp(a)-HLP. Patients clinically selected by progressive cardiovascular disease were characterized by a highly frequent expression of small apo(a) isoforms. Only Lp(a) concentration seemed to comprehensively reflect Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular risk, however.
Monocyte Adhesion and Plaque Recruitment During Atherosclerosis Development Is Regulated by the Adapter Protein Chat-H/SHEP1
Authors: Herbin Olivier , Regelmann Adam G. , Ramkhelawon Bhama , Weinstein Erica G. , Moore Kathryn J. , Alexandropoulos Konstantina 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
The chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis is caused by lipid deposition followed by leukocyte recruitment to the arterial wall. We previously showed that the hematopoietic cell–specific adaptor protein Cas- and Hef1-associated signal transducer hematopoietic isoform (Chat-H)/SHEP1 regulated lymphocyte adhesion and migration. In this study, we analyzed the role of Chat-H in atherosclerosis development.

Approach and Results—

Using Chat-H–deficient bone marrow transplantation in low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice, we found that Chat-H regulated atherosclerotic plaque formation. Chat-H deficiency in hematopoietic cells associated with lower plaque complexity and fewer leukocytes in the lesions, whereas myeloid-specific deletion of Chat-H was sufficient for conferring atheroprotection. Chat-H deficiency resulted in reduced recruitment of classical Ly6c
high
and nonclassical Ly6c
low
monocytes to the plaques, which was accompanied by increased numbers of both monocyte subsets in the blood. This associated with defective adhesion of Chat-H–deficient Ly6c
high
and Ly6c
low
monocytes to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vitro and impaired infiltration of fluorescent bead–loaded monocytes to atherosclerotic plaques. In contrast, Chat-H was dispensable for CX3CL1 and CCR1/CCR5-dependent migration of monocytes.

Conclusions—
Our findings highlight Chat-H as a key protein that regulates atherosclerosis development by controlling monocyte adhesion and recruitment to the plaques and identify a novel target that may be exploited for treating atherosclerosis.
Genotype-Dependent Effects of Dalcetrapib on Cholesterol Efflux and Inflammation
Authors: Tardif Jean-Claude , Rhainds David , Brodeur Mathieu , Feroz Zada Yassamin , Fouodjio René , Provost Sylvie , Boulé Marie , Alem Sonia , Grégoire Jean C. , L’Allier Philippe L. , Ibrahim Reda , Guertin Marie-Claude , Mongrain Ian , Olsson Anders G. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Rhéaume Eric , Dubé Marie-Pierre 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Dalcetrapib effects on cardiovascular outcomes are determined by adenylate cyclase 9 gene polymorphisms. Our aim was to determine whether these clinical end point results are also associated with changes in reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation.

Methods and Results—

Participants of the dal-OUTCOMES and dal-PLAQUE-2 trials were randomly assigned to receive dalcetrapib or placebo in addition to standard care. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured at baseline and at end of study in 5243 patients from dal-OUTCOMES also genotyped for the rs1967309 polymorphism in adenylate cyclase 9. Cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins from J774 macrophages after cAMP stimulation was determined at baseline and 12 months in 171 genotyped patients from dal-PLAQUE-2. Treatment with dalcetrapib resulted in placebo-adjusted geometric mean percent increases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein from baseline to end of trial of 18.1% (
P
=0.0009) and 18.7% (
P
=0.00001) in participants with the GG and AG genotypes, respectively, but the change was −1.0% (
P
=0.89) in those with the protective AA genotype. There was an interaction between the treatment arm and the genotype groups (
P
=0.02). Although the mean change in cholesterol efflux was similar among study arms in patients with GG genotype (mean: 7.8% and 7.4%), increases were 22.3% and 3.5% with dalcetrapib and placebo for those with AA genotype (
P
=0.005). There was a significant genetic effect for change in efflux for dalcetrapib (
P
=0.02), but not with placebo.

Conclusions—
Genotype-dependent effects on C-reactive protein and cholesterol efflux are supportive of dalcetrapib benefits on atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in patients with the AA genotype at polymorphism rs1967309.

Clinical Trials Registration—
ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique Identifiers: NCT00658515 and NCT01059682.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Lindsay Alistair C. , Harron Katie , Jabbour Richard J. , Kanyal Ritesh , Snow Thomas M. , Sawhney Paramvir , Alpendurada Francisco , Roughton Michael , Pennell Dudley J. , Duncan Alison , Di Mario Carlo , Davies Simon W. , Mohiaddin Raad H. , Moat Neil E. 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can provide important structural information in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Although CMR is considered the standard of reference for measuring ventricular volumes and mass, the relationship between CMR findings of right ventricular (RV) function and outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has not previously been reported.

Methods and Results—

A total of 190 patients underwent 1.5 Tesla CMR before transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Steady-state free precession sequences were used for aortic valve planimetry and to assess ventricular volumes and mass. Semiautomated image analysis was performed by 2 specialist reviewers blinded to patient treatment. Patient follow-up was obtained from the Office of National Statistics mortality database. The median age was 81.0 (interquartile range, 74.9–85.5) years; 50.0% were women. Impaired RV function (RV ejection fraction ≤50%) was present in 45 (23.7%) patients. Patients with RV dysfunction had poorer left ventricular ejection fractions (42% versus 69%), higher indexed left ventricular end-systolic volumes (96 versus 40 mL), and greater indexed left ventricular mass (101 versus 85 g/m
2
;
P
<0.01 for all) than those with normal RV function. Median follow-up was 850 days; 21 of 45 (46.7%) patients with RV dysfunction died, compared with 43 of 145 (29.7%) patients with normal RV function (
P
=0.035). After adjustment for significant baseline variables, both RV ejection fraction ≤50% (hazard ratio, 2.12;
P
=0.017) and indexed aortic valve area (hazard ratio, 4.16;
P
=0.025) were independently associated with survival.

Conclusions—
RV function, measured on preprocedural CMR, is an independent predictor of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. CMR assessment of RV function may be important in the risk stratification of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Prestroke Vascular Pathology and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Poststroke Dementia
Authors: Portegies Marileen L.P. , Wolters Frank J. , Hofman Albert , Ikram M. Kamran , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Improved short-term survival after stroke has necessitated quantifying risk and risk factors of long-term sequelae after stroke (ie, recurrent stroke and dementia). This risk may be influenced by exposure to cardiovascular risk factors before the initial stroke. Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, we determined the long-term risk of recurrent stroke and dementia, and the proportion of recurrent strokes and poststroke dementia cases that are attributable to prestroke cardiovascular risk factors (ie, the population attributable risk).

Methods—
We followed up 1237 patients with first-ever stroke and 4928 stroke-free participants, matched on age, sex, examination round, and stroke date (index date), for the occurrence of stroke or dementia. We calculated incidence rates in both groups and estimated the individual and combined population attributable risk of prestroke cardiovascular risk factors for both outcomes.

Results—
Beyond 1 year after stroke, patients retained a 3-fold increased risk of recurrent stroke and an almost 2-fold increased risk of dementia compared with people without stroke. In total, 39% (95% confidence interval, 18%–66%) of recurrent strokes and 10% (95% confidence interval, 0%–91%) of poststroke dementia cases were attributable to prestroke cardiovascular risk factors. These percentages were similar for first-ever stroke and dementia in the matched stroke-free population.

Conclusions—
Long-term risks of recurrent stroke and poststroke dementia remain high and are substantially influenced by prestroke risk factors, emphasizing the need for optimizing primary prevention.
Orographic Influence on Basic Flow and Cyclone Circulation and Their Impacts on Track Deflection of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Lin Yuh-Lang , Chen Shu-Hua , Liu Liping 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A series of idealized numerical experiments and vorticity budget analyses is performed to examine several mechanisms proposed in previous studies to help understand the orographic influence on track deflection over a mesoscale mountain range. When an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) is embedded in a uniform, easterly flow and passes over a mountain with a moderate Froude number, it is deflected to the south upstream, moves over the mountain anticyclonically, and then resumes its westward movement. The vorticity budget analysis indicates that the TC movement can be predicted by the maximum vorticity tendency (VT). The orographic effects on the above TC track deflection are explained by the following: 1) Upstream of the mountain, the easterly basic flow is decelerated as a result of orographic blocking that causes the flow to become subgeostrophic, which advects the TC to the southwest, analogous to the advection of a point vortex embedded in a flow. The VT is primarily dominated by the horizontal vorticity advection. 2) The TC passes over the mountain anticyclonically, mainly steered by the orographically generated high pressure. This makes the TC move southwestward (northwestward) over the upslope (lee slope). The VT is mainly contributed by the horizontal vorticity advection with additional contributions from vorticity stretching and the residual term (which includes friction and subgrid turbulence mixing). 3) Over the lee slope and downstream of the mountain, the northwestward movement is enhanced by asymmetric diabatic heating, making the turning more abrupt. 4) Far downstream of the mountain, the VT is mainly contributed by the horizontal vorticity advection.
Quantifying Agulhas Leakage in a High-Resolution Climate Model
Authors: Cheng Yu , Putrasahan Dian , Beal Lisa , Kirtman Ben 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The leakage of warm and salty water from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas system into the South Atlantic may play a critical role in climate variability by modulating the buoyancy fluxes associated with the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). New climate models, such as the Community Climate System Model, version 3.5 (CCSM3.5), are now able to resolve the Agulhas retroflection and constrain the inertially choked Agulhas leakage to more realistic values. These ocean-eddy-resolving climate models are poised to bolster understanding of the sensitivity and influence of Agulhas leakage in the coupled climate system. Here, a strategy is devised to quantify Agulhas leakage in CCSM3.5 by applying an offline Lagrangian particle-tracking approach, finding a mean interbasin transport of 11.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). It is shown that monthly mean outputs can be used to produce a reliable time series of Agulhas leakage variability on longer-than-seasonal time scales (correlation coefficient r = 0.88; p &lt; 0.01) by comparing to a parallel simulation that archives daily mean fields every 5 days. The results show that Agulhas leakage variability at longer-than-seasonal time scales is less sensitive to the temporal resolution of the velocity fields than is the mean leakage transport.
Modulation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Western North Pacific by ENSO
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Tim , Wang Hui , Deng Li , Zhang Yuanwen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The authors investigate the effects of El Niño and La Niña on the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the boreal summer (May–October) over the western North Pacific (WNP). It is found that during El Niño summers, the ISO is dominated by a higher-frequency oscillation with a period of around 20–40 days, whereas during La Niña summers the ISO is dominated by a lower-frequency period of around 40–70 days. The former is characterized by northwestward-propagating convection anomalies in the WNP, and the latter is characterized by northward- and eastward-propagating convective signals over the tropical Indian Ocean/Maritime Continent. The possible mechanisms through which El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced background mean state changes influence the ISO behavior are examined through idealized numerical experiments. It is found that enhanced (weakened) mean moisture and easterly (westerly) vertical wind shear in the WNP during El Niño (La Niña) are the main causes of the strengthened (weakened) 20–40-day northwestward-propagating ISO mode, whereas the 40–70-day ISO initiated from the Indian Ocean can only affect the WNP during La Niña years because the dry (moist) background moisture near the Maritime Continent during El Niño (La Niña) suppresses (enhances) the ISO over the Maritime Continent, and the ISO propagates less over the Maritime Continent during El Niño years than in La Niña years.
Best Practices for Postprocessing Ensemble Climate Forecasts. Part I: Selecting Appropriate Recalibration Methods
Authors: Sansom Philip G. , Ferro Christopher A. T. , Stephenson David B. , Goddard Lisa , Mason Simon J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study describes a systematic approach to selecting optimal statistical recalibration methods and hindcast designs for producing reliable probability forecasts on seasonal-to-decadal time scales. A new recalibration method is introduced that includes adjustments for both unconditional and conditional biases in the mean and variance of the forecast distribution and linear time-dependent bias in the mean. The complexity of the recalibration can be systematically varied by restricting the parameters. Simple recalibration methods may outperform more complex ones given limited training data. A new cross-validation methodology is proposed that allows the comparison of multiple recalibration methods and varying training periods using limited data.
Part I considers the effect on forecast skill of varying the recalibration complexity and training period length. The interaction between these factors is analyzed for gridbox forecasts of annual mean near-surface temperature from the CanCM4 model. Recalibration methods that include conditional adjustment of the ensemble mean outperform simple bias correction by issuing climatological forecasts where the model has limited skill. Trend-adjusted forecasts outperform forecasts without trend adjustment at almost 75% of grid boxes. The optimal training period is around 30 yr for trend-adjusted forecasts and around 15 yr otherwise. The optimal training period is strongly related to the length of the optimal climatology. Longer training periods may increase overall performance but at the expense of very poor forecasts where skill is limited.
Climatological Annual Cycle of the Salinity Budgets of the Subtropical Maxima
Authors: Johnson Benjamin K. , Bryan Frank O. , Grodsky Semyon A. , Carton James A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSix subtropical salinity maxima (Smax) exist: two each in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins. The north Indian (NI) Smax lies in the Arabian Sea while the remaining five lie in the open ocean. The annual cycle of evaporation minus precipitation (E − P) flux over the Smax is asymmetric about the equator. Over the Northern Hemisphere Smax, the semiannual harmonic is dominant (peaking in local summer and winter), while over the Southern Hemisphere Smax, the annual harmonic is dominant (peaking in local winter). Regardless, the surface layer salinity for all six Smax reaches a maximum in local fall and minimum in local spring. This study uses a multidecade integration of an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model to compute salinity budgets for each of the six Smax. The NI Smax budget is dominated by eddy advection related to the evolution of the seasonal monsoon. The five open-ocean Smax budgets reveal a common annual cycle of vertical diffusive fluxes that peak in winter. These Smax have regions on their eastward and poleward edges in which the vertical salinity gradient is destabilizing. These destabilizing gradients, in conjunction with wintertime surface cooling, generate a gradually deepening wintertime mixed layer. The vertical salinity gradient sharpens at the base of the mixed layer, making the water column susceptible to salt finger convection and enhancing vertical diffusive salinity fluxes out of the Smax into the ocean interior. This process is also observed in Argo float profiles and is related to the formation regions of subtropical mode waters.