bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course of patients with juvenile spondyloarthritis during 4 years of observation, juvenile part of GESPIC
Authors: Weiß Anja , Minden Kirsten , Listing Joachim , Foeldvari Ivan , Sieper Joachim , Rudwaleit Martin 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the course and the 4-year outcome of juvenile spondyloarthritis (jSpA).MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of jSpA and an age at onset ≤16 years were included in the German Spondyloarthritis Inception cohort (GESPIC) and followed up prospectively for 4 years.Results118 patients (73% men, 66% HLA-B27 positive, mean age 13.5 years, mean symptom duration 2.2 years) were enrolled in 2 study centres: 52% of patients with jSpA were captured by the enthesitis-related arthritis subgroup of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria. At inclusion, the majority of patients had active peripheral arthritis (75.4%), followed by inflammatory back pain (IBP) (19.5%) and enthesitis (16.1%). There was a significant improvement in clinical manifestations and in patient-reported outcomes over time. During the 4-year follow-up, 85% of the patients had at least 1 period of remission on drug ≥6 months, and 46% of the patients achieved remission ≥12 months without medication, of whom 68% kept this status and 32% worsened. At the end of 4 years of observation, 23% of the patients were in remission without medication, but 57% still suffered from active disease. Patients with peripheral arthritis had a likelihood of 29% for having peripheral arthritis after 4 years, whereas the likelihood of IBP persistence was 53% for those with IBP at enrolment.ConclusionsAlthough 1 quarter of patients with jSpA achieved remission off medication after 4 years, the likelihood of having recurrent or persistent disease into adulthood is substantial, particularly for jSpA with IBP.Trial registration numberNCT 01277419.
Deterministic Rendezvous with Detection Using Beeps
Authors: Elouasbi Samir , Pelc Andrzej 
Published: March 2017

Two mobile agents, starting at arbitrary, possibly different times from arbitrary nodes of an unknown network, have to meet at some node. Agents move in synchronous rounds: in each round an agent can either stay at the current node or move to one of its neighbors. Agents have different labels which are positive integers. Each agent knows its own label, but not the label of the other agent. In traditional formulations of the rendezvous problem, meeting is accomplished when the agents get to the same node in the same round. We want to achieve a more demanding goal, called rendezvous with detection: agents must become aware that the meeting is accomplished, simultaneously declare this and stop. This awareness depends on how an agent can communicate to the other agent its presence at a node. We use two variations of the arguably weakest model of communication, called the beeping model, introduced in [8]. In each round an agent can either listen or beep. In the local beeping model, an agent hears a beep in a round if it listens in this round and if the other agent is at the same node and beeps. In the global beeping model, an agent hears a loud beep in a round if it listens in this round and if the other agent is at the same node and beeps, and it hears a soft beep in a round if it listens in this round and if the other agent is at some other node and beeps. We first present a deterministic algorithm of rendezvous with detection working, even for the local beeping model, in an arbitrary unknown network in time polynomial in the size of the network and in the length of the smaller label (i.e., in the logarithm of this label). However, in this algorithm, agents spend a lot of energy: the number of moves that an agent must make, is proportional to the time of rendezvous. It is thus natural to ask if bounded-energy agents, i.e., agents that can make at most c moves, for some integer c, can always achieve rendezvous with detection as well. This is impossible for some networks of unbounded size. Hence we rephrase the question: Can bounded-energy agents always achieve rendezvous with detection in bounded-size networks? We prove that the answer to this question is positive, even in the local beeping model but, perhaps surprisingly, this ability comes at a steep price of time: the meeting time of bounded-energy agents is exponentially larger than that of unrestricted agents. By contrast, we show an algorithm for rendezvous with detection in the global beeping model that works for bounded-energy agents (in bounded-size networks) as fast as for unrestricted agents.
ANALYSIS OF WEAR BEHAVIOR OF GRAPHENE OXIDE — POLYAMIDE GEARS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Authors: RAJAMANI GEETHA , PAULRAJ JAWAHAR , KRISHNAN KANNY 
Published: March 2017

Recent advances in polymer nanocomposites open a wide range of applications in various industrial sectors. Due to their high potential properties, these materials are replacing the usage of metals for many heavier components in automobile industries. In this experimental work, the tribological performance of Graphene oxide (GO) — Polyamide is investigated against pristine polyamide by fabricating gears for the usage in engineering applications. A gear test rig was developed in-house for analysis to study the specific wear rate and temperature gradient at different conditions of load and speeds. The wear resistance of the polyamide gears with the addition of 0.03[Formula: see text]wt.% of graphene oxide is better than the pristine polyamide gears and the specific wear rate is reduced significantly. The reduced specific wear rate of these polymer nanocomposite gears is attributed to the superior properties of graphene oxide such as High specific surface area, good adhesion properties and enhanced glass transition temperatures. The GO nanocomposite gear seems to be a potential alternative against conventional gears for engineering applications. Finally, the wear mechanisms and the potential of GO-based polyamide nanocomposite gears were proposed tentatively in the development of transmission gears for engineering applications.
Monkey prefrontal neurons during Sternberg task performance: full contents of working memory or most recent item?
Authors: Konecky R. O. , Smith M. A. , Olson C. R. 
Published: March 2017

To explore the brain mechanisms underlying multi-item working memory, we monitored the activity of neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while macaque monkeys performed spatial and chromatic versions of a Sternberg working-memory task. Each trial required holding three sequentially presented samples in working memory so as to identify a subsequent probe matching one of them. The monkeys were able to recall all three samples at levels well above chance, exhibiting modest load and recency effects. Prefrontal neurons signaled the identity of each sample during the delay period immediately following its presentation. However, as each new sample was presented, the representation of antecedent samples became weak and shifted to an anomalous code. A linear classifier operating on the basis of population activity during the final delay period was able to perform at approximately the level of the monkeys on trials requiring recall of the third sample but showed a falloff in performance on trials requiring recall of the first or second sample much steeper than observed in the monkeys. We conclude that delay-period activity in the prefrontal cortex robustly represented only the most recent item. The monkeys apparently based performance of this classic working-memory task on some storage mechanism in addition to the prefrontal delay-period firing rate. Possibilities include delay-period activity in areas outside the prefrontal cortex and changes within the prefrontal cortex not manifest at the level of the firing rate. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has long been thought that items held in working memory are encoded by delay-period activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Here we describe evidence contrary to that view. In monkeys performing a serial multi-item working memory task, dorsolateral prefrontal neurons encode almost exclusively the identity of the sample presented most recently. Information about earlier samples must be encoded outside the prefrontal cortex or represented within the prefrontal cortex in a cryptic code.
Coordination of pincer grasp and transport after mechanical perturbation of the index finger
Authors: Schettino Luis F. , Adamovich Sergei V. , Tunik Eugene 
Published: March 2017

Our understanding of reach-to-grasp movements has evolved from the original formulation of the movement as two semi-independent visuomotor channels to one of interdependence. Despite a number of important contributions involving perturbations of the reach or the grasp, some of the features of the movement, such as the presence or absence of coordination between the digits during the pincer grasp and the extent of spatio-temporal interdependence between the transport and the grasp, are still unclear. In this study, we physically perturbed the index finger into extension during grasping closure on a minority of trials to test whether modifying the movement of one digit would affect the movement of the opposite digit, suggestive of an overarching coordinative process. Furthermore, we tested whether disruption of the grasp results in the modification of kinematic parameters of the transport. Our results showed that a continuous perturbation to the index finger affected wrist velocity but not lateral displacement. Moreover, we found that the typical flexion of the thumb observed in nonperturbed trials was delayed until the index finger counteracted the extension force. These results suggest that physically perturbing the grasp modifies the kinematics of the transport component, indicating a two-way interdependence of the reach and the grasp. Furthermore, a perturbation to one digit affects the kinematics of the other, supporting a model of grasping in which the digits are coordinated by a higher-level process rather than being independently controlled. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A current debate concerning the neural control of prehension centers on the question of whether the digits in a pincer grasp are controlled individually or together. Employing a novel approach that perturbs mechanically the grasp component during a natural reach-to-grasp movement, this work is the first to test a key hypothesis: whether perturbing one of the digits during the movement affects the other. Our results support the idea that the digits are not independently controlled.
Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences
Authors: Schootman Mario , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Henry Kevin A. , Paskett Electra D. , Ellison Gary L. , Oh April , Taplin Stephen H. , Tatalovich Zaria , Berrigan David A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality display strong geographic patterns worldwide and in the United States (1, 2). The environment where individuals live, work, and play is increasingly being recognized as important across the cancer control continuum, including the risk of cancer development, detection, diagnosis, treatment, mortality, and survivorship (3–5). At the same time, emergent technological capacity in geographic information systems (GIS) and mapping, along with increasing sophistication in applied spatial methods, has resulted in a growing research community developing and applying geospatial approaches in health research (5). Through collaborative, transdisciplinary efforts, and continued data collection efforts, there is great potential to apply these emerging geospatial approaches to various aspects of cancer prevention and control to inform etiology and target interventions and implementation of efficacious risk-reducing strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 472–5. ©2017 AACR.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Presurgical Trial of Polyphenon E in Bladder Cancer Patients to Evaluate Pharmacodynamics and Bladder Tissue Biomarkers
Authors: Gee Jason R. , Saltzstein Daniel R. , Kim KyungMann , Kolesar Jill , Huang Wei , Havighurst Thomas C. , Wollmer Barbara W. , Stublaski Jeanne , Downs Tracy , Mukhtar Hasan , House Margaret G. , Parnes Howard L. , Bailey Howard H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We performed a phase II pharmacodynamic prevention trial of Polyphenon E [a green tea polyphenol formulation primarily consisting of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)] in patients prior to bladder cancer surgery. Patients with a bladder tumor were randomized to receive Polyphenon E containing either 800 or 1,200 mg of EGCG or placebo for 14 to 28 days prior to transurethral resection of bladder tumor or cystectomy. The primary objective was to compare the postintervention EGCG tissue levels in patients receiving Polyphenon E as compared with placebo. Secondary objectives included assessments of tissue expression of PCNA, MMP2, clusterin, VEGF, p27, IGF-1, IGFBP-3; correlation of tissue, plasma, and urine levels of EGCG; and EGCG metabolism by catechol-O-methyltransferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase pharmacogenomic mutations. Thirty-one patients (male:female, 26:5; mean age, 67.2 years) were randomized and 29 (94%) completed the study. There was not an observed significant difference (P = 0.12) in EGCG tissue levels between two Polyphenon E dosage groups combined versus placebo. However, a dose–response relationship for EGCG levels was observed in both normal (P = 0.046) and malignant bladder tissue (P = 0.005) across the three study arms. In addition, EGCG levels in plasma (P &lt; 0.001) and urine (P &lt; 0.001) increased and PCNA (P = 0.016) and clusterin (P = 0.008) were downregulated in a dose-dependent fashion. No pharmacogenomic relationship was observed. EGCG levels in plasma, urine, and bladder tissue followed a dose–response relationship, as did modulation of tissue biomarkers of proliferation and apoptosis. Despite the limitations of this pilot study, the observed pharmacodynamics and desirable biologic activity warrant further clinical studies of this agent in bladder cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 10(5); 298–307. ©2017 AACR.
The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Is a Novel Target of 6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone for Suppressing Esophageal Cancer Growth
Authors: Lim Tae-Gyu , Lee Sung-Young , Duan Zhaoheng , Lee Mee-Hyun , Chen Hanyong , Liu Fangfang , Liu Kangdong , Jung Sung Keun , Kim Dong Joon , Bode Ann M. , Lee Ki Won , Dong Zigang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Intake of soy isoflavones is inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. Numerous experimental results have supported the anticancer activity of soy isoflavones. This study aimed to determine the anti-esophageal cancer activity of 6,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone (6,7,4′-THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, which is readily metabolized in the human body. Notably, 6,7,4′-THIF inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. On the basis of a virtual screening analysis, Pin1 was identified as a target protein of 6,7,4′-THIF. Pull-down assay results using 6,7,4′-THIF Sepharose 4B beads showed a direct interaction between 6,7,4′-THIF and the Pin1 protein. Pin1 is a critical therapeutic and preventive target in esophageal cancer because of its positive regulation of β-catenin and cyclin D1. The 6,7,4′-THIF compound simultaneously reduced Pin1 isomerase activity and the downstream activation targets of Pin1. The specific inhibitory activity of 6,7,4′-THIF was analyzed using Neu/Pin1 wild-type (WT) and Neu/Pin1 knockout (KO) MEFs. 6,7,4′-THIF effected Neu/Pin1 WT MEFs, but not Neu/Pin1 KO MEFs. Furthermore, the results of a xenograft assay using Neu/Pin1 WT and KO MEFs were similar to those obtained from the in vitro assay. Overall, we found that 6,7,4′-THIF specifically reduced Pin1 activity in esophageal cancer models. Importantly, 6,7,4′-THIF directly bound to Pin1 but not FKBP or cyclophilin A, the same family of proteins. Because Pin1 acts like an oncogene by modulating various carcinogenesis-related proteins, this study might at least partially explain the underlying mechanism(s) of the anti-esophageal cancer effects of soy isoflavones. Cancer Prev Res; 10(5); 308–18. ©2017 AACR.
Metabolismo do iôdo e bloqueio pelo 6-propil-2-tiouracil em tunicados: Ascidia nigra (Savigny), 1816
Authors: Amaral Ary Domingos do 
Published: March 2017

A pesquisa em Ascidia nigra sôbre a síntese de proteínas e hormônios iodados em grupos de animais normais e animais previamente bloqueados pela incubação em 6-propil-2-tiouracil, deu-se como resultado os seguintes valores: 1. Taxa de captação de 131I pela massa visceral total do corpo. 1.1 Redução de 51,8% desta taxa nos animais bloqueados em relação aos normais; 1.2 Redução de 33,6% do PBI131 nos bloqueados em relação aos normais; 1.3 Redução de 78,7% de BEI131 nos bloqueados em relação aos normais.2. Taxa de captação do 131I pela túnica total: redução de 66,7% nos bloqueados.
Sobre três espécies brasileiras de Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta)
Authors: Righi Gilberto 
Published: March 2017

Três espécies novas de Enchytraeidae são descritas da Serra do Cipó (aproximadamente 19º30'S-43º45'W), estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Guaranidrilus sawayai, sp.n. separa-se de G. rarus Cernosvitov, 1937 pelo número de segmentos, forma do gânglio cerebróide e das câmaras intestinais e posição do primeiro par de nefrídios. Hemienchytraeus cipoensis, sp.n. próxima de H. brasiliensis (Cognetti, 1900), difere pelo número de segmentos, forma de gânglio cerebróide e dutos seminais. H. wilsoni, sp.n. distingue-se dasd demais espécies do gênero pela volumosa papila copulatória ventral no segmento 7.
Tendências modernas na apresentação numérica concisa de dados de observação: (reminiscências de um curso de estatística para biólogos ministrado na Cadeira do Prof. Paulo Sawaya)
Authors: Penha A. M. 
Published: March 2017

Para resumir os dados de uma série de observações costuma-se apresentá-los de duas maneiras equivalente: 1. n----m----s.d.;2. n----m----s.e.mou1'. n----m +ou- s.d.;2'. n-----m +ou- s.e.monde:m representa a média, s.d. o desvio padrão e s.e.m. o erro padrão da média.em ambos os casos, o número n de observações deverá ser indicado a fim de obter os valores t de Student nas tabelas de estatística, necessário para o cálculo do intervalo de confiança média. Nos trabalhos mais recentes, há uma preferência em favor do erro padrão, que substitui o antigo erro provável da média.
Sôbre a cloaca dos Siphonops
Authors: Sawaya Michel Pedro 
Published: March 2017

A cloaca foi estudada nas seguintes espécies dos género Siphonops: S. annulatus e sua var. Sawaya marmorata (1937, p. 238), S. paulensis e sua var. maculata (I. c., p. 240), S. hardyi, S. insulanus e S. brasiliensis. De S. annulatus e sua variedade acima indicado e abundante material de espécimes vivos tem sido disponível para estudos em animais narcotizados ou imediatamente após a morte. Das outras formas podem ser obtidas apenas material preservado.
Sôbre a proteção da água contra o oxigênio do ar com o auxílio de óleos minerais e vegetais
Authors: Sawaya Paulo 
Published: March 2017

1. A efícacia da proteção contra o oxigênio do ar pelos oleos minerais e vegetais é estudada no presente trabalho.2. Os oleos minerais de índice de refração entre 1,4660 e 1,4729, somente são eficazes para um período de tempo até 8 horas quando utilisados numa espessura de pelo menos 5 cms.3. Uma camada de 5 cm. de oleo mineral protege o líquido subjacente contra o oxigênio do ar de tal modo que o coeficiente de variação de teôr do oxigênio nesse liquido fica entre 1 - 1,8 0/000 i. é, dentro dos limites da variação do método de Winkled. Essa proteção é suficiente dentro do período das experiências realisadas, i. é., 8 horas. 4. As variações do teôr do oxigênio em tais liquidos, indicados na tabela II, mostram serem os oleos vegetais extraidos do amendoim e da oliveira (indices de refração 1,4713 e 1,4718) bastante permeaveis ao oxigênio do ar.5. À vista da conclusão 4 os oleos vegetais aqui utilizados não devem ser empregados como protetores dos líquidos conbtra o oxigênio do ar, pelo menos nos limites das experiências aqui mencionadas.
Respiratory quotients during embryogenesis of Rana pipiens
Authors: Mendes Erasmo G. 
Published: March 2017

Fizeram-se experiências com diferentes estádios embrionários de Rana pipiens a fim de determinarem os quocientes respiratórios (QR) de cada estádio ou pequeno grupo de sucessivos estádios. A finalidade principal da pesquisa foi verificar se a rã comum da Nova Inglaterra (Estados Unidos) mostra a mesma flutuação de valores do QR durante o desenvolvimento embrionário que a rã europea, R. fusca, de acôrdo com o trabalho de Brachet (1934). Segundo êsse autor, o QR do ovo não fecundado é aproximadamente 1.0 e, como consequência da fecundação, baiza a um valor indicativo de metabolismo preponderantemente lipídico, até o início da gastrulação, quando retorna à unidade, para aí permanecer mais ou menos até a fase de vida livre.
Two Decades of Cardiovascular Trials With Primary Surrogate Endpoints: 1990–2011
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , Punnanithinont Natdanai , Akram Yasir , Lee Ike , Desai Nihar R. , Ross Joseph S. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: March 2017

Background
Surrogate endpoint trials test strategies more efficiently but are accompanied by uncertainty about the relationship between changes in surrogate markers and clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We identified cardiovascular trials with primary surrogate endpoints published in the
New England Journal of Medicine
,
Lancet
, and
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
from 1990 to 2011 and determined the trends in publication of surrogate endpoint trials and the success of the trials in meeting their primary endpoints. We tracked for publication of clinical outcome trials on the interventions tested in surrogate trials. We screened 3016 articles and identified 220 surrogate endpoint trials. From the total of 220 surrogate trials, 157 (71.4%) were positive for their primary endpoint. Only 59 (26.8%) surrogate trials had a subsequent clinical outcomes trial. Among these 59 trials, 24 outcomes trial results validated the positive surrogates, whereas 20 subsequent outcome trials were negative following positive results on a surrogate. We identified only 3 examples in which the surrogate trial was negative but a subsequent outcomes trial was conducted and showed benefit. Findings were consistent in a sample cohort of 383 screened articles inclusive of 37 surrogate endpoint trials from 6 other high‐impact journals.

Conclusions
Although cardiovascular surrogate outcomes trials frequently show superiority of the tested intervention, they are infrequently followed by a prominent outcomes trial. When there was a high‐profile clinical outcomes study, nearly half of the positive surrogate trials were not validated. Cardiovascular surrogate outcome trials may be more appropriate for excluding benefit from the patient perspective than for identifying it.