bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear‐Rational Term Structure Models
Authors: FILIPOVIĆ DAMIR , LARSSON MARTIN , TROLLE ANDERS B. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTWe introduce the class of linear‐rational term structure models in which the state price density is modeled such that bond prices become linear‐rational functions of the factors. This class is highly tractable with several distinct advantages: (i) ensures nonnegative interest rates, (ii) easily accommodates unspanned factors affecting volatility and risk premiums, and (iii) admits semi‐analytical solutions to swaptions. A parsimonious model specification within the linear‐rational class has a very good fit to both interest rate swaps and swaptions since 1997 and captures many features of term structure, volatility, and risk premium dynamics—including when interest rates are close to the zero lower bound.
Diagnosis and potential management of gestational diabetes mellitus using the International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria
Authors: Fukatsu Mayumi , Takai Yasushi , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Era Sumiko , Ono Yoshihisa , Saito Masahiro , Baba Kazunori , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimAppropriate screening and plasma glucose control is important during pregnancy, but an international consensus has not been reached regarding the recommended method of screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We investigated glucose intolerance in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM, applying stricter screening criteria.MethodsThe study involved 452 women with singleton pregnancies, who underwent a 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between January 2006 and December 2010. They had previously been screened for GDM using Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) criteria. We retrospectively re‐evaluated their status using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. The major differences between JSOG and IADPSG criteria are the number of applicable threshold values, and the threshold value for fasting glucose measured by the glucose tolerance test. The insulinogenic index and insulin resistance according to the homeostasis model assessment were compared among groups in the presence or absence of obesity.ResultsGDM was diagnosed in 56 (1.07%) and 133 (2.54%) women based on the JSOG and IADPSG criteria, respectively. Compared to non‐GDM, non‐obese women, those diagnosed with GDM according to IADPSG criteria had significantly higher insulin resistance, while those diagnosed with GDM exceeding two or more threshold values had significantly lower insulinogenic indexes.ConclusionAdopting stricter diagnostic criteria increased the prevalence of GDM 2.37‐fold, as women previously diagnosed with milder abnormalities in glucose levels were then diagnosed as having GDM.
Mature cystic teratoma coexisting with clear‐cell carcinoma in the ovary
Authors: Shimura Koki , Matsumoto Mariko , Sugahara Takuya , Yamamoto Takuro , Ogiso Nozomi , Urata Yoji , Okubo Tomoharu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common benign ovarian tumor; clear‐cell carcinoma (CCC) is a relatively common malignant ovarian tumor in Japan, but there are few reports on the coexistence of MCT and CCC. Here we report a case of simultaneous MCT and CCC in the ovary and review the relevant literature. The patient was a 49‐year‐old woman. A 5‐cm MCT was found in the left ovary on initial gynecological examination, and she was referred to hospital for treatment because it was expanding. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a multilocular cystic tumor 16 × 10 × 9.5 cm in the left ovary, and surgery was performed. The final pathological diagnosis was MCT, endometriotic cyst, clear‐cell adenofibroma, clear‐cell borderline tumor, and CCC in the left ovary.
Comparison between two management protocols for postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section in placenta previa: Balloon protocol versus non‐balloon protocol
Authors: Maher Mohammad Ahmed , Abdelaziz Ahmed 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to compare two management protocols for post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean section (CS) in placenta previa (PP), Bakri balloon protocol versus non‐balloon protocol. Secondary analysis among balloon treated cases was also performed to identify predictors of success, failure or complications, if any.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Saudi Arabia, including cases that developed PPH during CS for PP. The primary outcome measure was success in preventing hysterectomy, while secondary outcome measures were amount of blood loss, need for blood transfusion, need for return to theater and admission to intensive care unit.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐one cases were identified as low‐lying placenta and PP, of which 114 developed PPH. Two patients were unstable and required immediate hysterectomy. The remaining 112 cases were managed by balloon (72 cases) or non‐balloon protocols (40). The balloon alone was successful in achieving hemostasis in 87.5% of cases. When analyzed specifically, balloon success was associated with the absence of accreta (odds ratio 0.001, confidence interval 0.000–0.974) and short operation duration (odds ratio 1.143, confidence interval 1.018–1.282).ConclusionApplication of the Bakri balloon for the management of PPH after CS in cases of PP is an effective strategy that should be affordable worldwide.
Frequency of malformed infants in a tertiary center in Hokkaido, Japan over a period of 10 years
Authors: Hayasaka Itaru , Cho Kazutoshi , Uzuki Yutaka , Morioka Keita , Akimoto Takuma , Ishikawa Satoshi , Takei Kohta , Yamada Takahiro , Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takashi , Ariga Tadashi , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThis retrospective study was performed to determine the frequency of malformed infants born at a tertiary center in Hokkaido, Japan. The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis rates was also investigated.MethodsAn observational study was performed using data of 1509 and 1743 newborn infants at a single center during two study periods, 2005–2009 (first) and 2010–2014 (second), respectively. Cases including minor anomalies (accessory auricle, nevus and fistula auris congenita) were not included.ResultsIn total, 274 and 569 malformations were identified in 191 and 337 newborn infants in the first and second study periods, respectively. The number of malformed infants increased significantly over time (13% [191/1509] vs 19% [337/1743], respectively; P < 0.001), mainly as a result of an increase in cases of congenital heart disease (CHD), from 59 to 141 (31% [59/191] vs 42% [141/337] of all malformed infants in the first and second periods, respectively). The overall accurate prenatal diagnosis rate improved over time from 47% (128/274) to 58% (329/569) because of significant improvements in accurate prenatal diagnosis of CHD subtypes (23% [16/70] vs 65% [151/232] in the first and second periods, respectively, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe frequency of malformed newborns was higher in the tertiary center than in the general population. The increased number of cases with prenatal suspicion and diagnosis of CHD contributed to the increased frequency of malformed infants during the study period.
FDG‐PET‐positive ovarian thecoma with GLUT5 expression: Five cases
Authors: Bono Yukiko , Mizumoto Yasunari , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Iwadare Jyunpei , Obata Takeshi , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F‐FDG) is useful for detecting malignancies, but benign lesions occasionally have false‐positive 18F‐FDG uptake. Here, we report the cases of five postmenopausal women with solid ovarian tumors suspected to be ovarian cancer on magnetic resonance imaging and 18F‐FDG uptake. Mean age of the five patients was 57 years (range, 53–65 years). Average early standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F‐FDG was 5.76 (range, 2.2–12.0) and delayed SUV was 6.56 (range, 2.4–13.8). In all five patients, frozen section diagnosis at surgery was thecoma, and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. On immunohistochemistry, immunoreactive glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) expression was detected in thecoma tissues. This case shows that thecoma sometimes has positive 18F‐FDG uptake on positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT), indicating the need for caution regarding false‐positive PET‐CT in patients with benign solid ovarian tumor.
Defense by association: Sponge‐eating fishes alter the small‐scale distribution of Caribbean reef sponges
Authors: Wooster Michael K. , Marty Micah J. , Pawlik Joseph R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that sponge‐eating fishes alter the community of sponges on coral reefs across the Caribbean. Sponge species that lack chemical defenses but grow or reproduce faster than defended species are more abundant on reefs where sponge‐eating fishes have been removed by overfishing. Does predator‐removal have an effect on the distribution of sponges at smaller spatial scales? We conducted transect surveys of sponge species that are palatable to sponge predators in proximity to refuge organisms that are chemically or physically defended (fire coral, gorgonians, hard corals) on the heavily overfished reefs of Bocas del Toro, Panama, and a reef in the Florida Keys where sponge‐eating fishes are abundant. In Panama, palatable sponge species were not distributed in close association with refuge organisms, while in the Florida Keys, palatable sponge species were strongly associated with refuge organisms. The presence of fish predators alters the meter‐scale pattern of sponge distribution, and defense by association enhances biodiversity by allowing palatable sponges to persist on reefs where sponge‐eating fishes are abundant.
Deciphering fungal dimorphism: Farnesol's unanswered questions
Authors: Nickerson Kenneth W. , Atkin Audrey L. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCandida albicans excretes E,E‐farnesol as a virulence factor and quorum sensing molecule that prevents the yeast to hyphal conversion. Polke et al. (2016) identified eed1Δ/Δ as the first farnesol hypersensitive mutant of C. albicans. eed1Δ/Δ also excretes 10X more farnesol and while able to form hyphae, it cannot maintain hyphae. This mutant enables new research into unanswered questions, including the existence of potential farnesol receptors and transporters, regulation of farnesol synthesis, and relationships among farnesol, germ tube formation and hyphal maintenance. The eed1 farnesol hypersensitivity can be explained by higher internal concentrations of farnesol or lower thresholds for response. One possibility invokes misexpression of a transporter. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans have transporters for farnesylated peptides, like the a‐factor pheromone, which could potentially also transport farnesol for virulence and quorum sensing. Significantly, these transporters are repressed in MTLa/MTLα C. albicans. An evolutionary pressure for C. albicans to become diploid could derive from its use of farnesol. Alternatively, maintenance of hyphal growth may increase the farnesol response threshold. Finally, Dpp1p, Dpp2p and Dpp3p are non‐specific pyrophosphatases responsible for farnesol synthesis. Changes in expression of these enzymes do not explain differences in farnesol levels implicating involvement of additional factors like a scaffolding molecule.
Jasmonic acid‐mediated defense suppresses brassinosteroid‐mediated susceptibility to Rice black streaked dwarf virus infection in rice
Authors: He Yuqing , Zhang Hehong , Sun Zongtao , Li Junmin , Hong Gaojie , Zhu Qisong , Zhou Xuebiao , MacFarlane Stuart , Yan Fei , Chen Jianping 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Plant hormones play a vital role in plant immune responses. However, in contrast to the relative wealth of information on hormone‐mediated immunity in dicot plants, little information is available on monocot–virus defense systems.

We used a high‐throughput‐sequencing approach to compare the global gene expression of Rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)‐infected rice plants with that of healthy plants. Exogenous hormone applications and transgenic rice were used to test RBSDV infectivity and pathogenicity.

Our results revealed that the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway was induced while the brassinosteroid (BR) pathway was suppressed in infected plants. Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or brassinazole (BRZ) resulted in a significant reduction in RBSDV incidence, while epibrassinolide (BL) treatment increased RBSDV infection. Infection studies using coi1‐13 and Go mutants demonstrated JA‐mediated resistance and BR‐mediated susceptibility to RBSDV infection.

A mixture of MeJA and BL treatment resulted in a significant reduction in RBSDV infection compared with a single BL treatment. MeJA application efficiently suppressed the expression of BR pathway genes, and this inhibition depended on the JA coreceptor OsCOI1. Collectively, our results reveal that JA‐mediated defense can suppress the BR‐mediated susceptibility to RBSDV infection.
Mouse fat storage‐inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) promotes lipid droplet accumulation in plants
Authors: Cai Yingqi , McClinchie Elizabeth , Price Ann , Nguyen Thuy N. , Gidda Satinder K. , Watt Samantha C. , Yurchenko Olga , Park Sunjung , Sturtevant Drew , Mullen Robert T. , Dyer John M. , Chapman Kent D. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryFat storage‐inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized protein that plays an important role in lipid droplet (LD) formation in animal cells. However, no obvious homologue of FIT2 is found in plants. Here, we tested the function of FIT2 in plant cells by ectopically expressing mouse (Mus musculus) FIT2 in Nicotiana tabacum suspension‐cultured cells, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Confocal microscopy indicated that the expression of FIT2 dramatically increased the number and size of LDs in leaves of N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis, and lipidomics analysis and mass spectrometry imaging confirmed the accumulation of neutral lipids in leaves. FIT2 also increased seed oil content by ~13% in some stable, overexpressing lines of Arabidopsis. When expressed transiently in leaves of N. benthamiana or suspension cells of N. tabacum, FIT2 localized specifically to the ER and was often concentrated at certain regions of the ER that resembled ER‐LD junction sites. FIT2 also colocalized at the ER with other proteins known to be involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis or LD formation in plants, but not with ER resident proteins involved in electron transfer or ER‐vesicle exit sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that mouse FIT2 promotes LD accumulation in plants, a surprising functional conservation in the context of a plant cell given the apparent lack of FIT2 homologues in higher plants. These results suggest also that FIT2 expression represents an effective synthetic biology strategy for elaborating neutral lipid compartments in plant tissues for potential biofuel or bioproduct purposes.
Temporal development of the barley leaf metabolic response to Pi limitation
Authors: Alexova Ralitza , Nelson Clark J. , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe response of plants to Pi limitation involves interplay between root uptake of Pi, adjustment of resource allocation to different plant organs and increased metabolic Pi use efficiency. To identify potentially novel, early‐responding, metabolic hallmarks of Pi limitation in crop plants, we studied the metabolic response of barley leaves over the first 7 d of Pi stress, and the relationship of primary metabolites with leaf Pi levels and leaf biomass. The abundance of leaf Pi, Tyr and shikimate were significantly different between low Pi and control plants 1 h after transfer of the plants to low Pi. Combining these data with 15N metabolic labelling, we show that over the first 48 h of Pi limitation, metabolic flux through the N assimilation and aromatic amino acid pathways is increased. We propose that together with a shift in amino acid metabolism in the chloroplast a transient restoration of the energetic and redox state of the leaf is achieved. Correlation analysis of metabolite abundances revealed a central role for major amino acids in Pi stress, appearing to modulate partitioning of soluble sugars between amino acid and carboxylate synthesis, thereby limiting leaf biomass accumulation when external Pi is low.
Enrichment of deleterious variants of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gene (POLG1) in bipolar disorder
Authors: Kasahara Takaoki , Ishiwata Mizuho , Kakiuchi Chihiro , Fuke Satoshi , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Kunugi Hiroshi , Minabe Yoshio , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Iwata Yasuhide , Fujii Kumiko , Kanba Shigenobu , Ujike Hiroshi , Kusumi Ichiro , Kataoka Muneko , Matoba Nana , Takata Atsushi , Iwamoto Kazuya , Yoshikawa Takeo , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: December 2016

AimRare missense variants, which likely account for a substantial portion of the genetic ‘dark matter’ for a common complex disease, are challenging because the impacts of variants on disease development are difficult to substantiate. This study aimed to examine the impacts of amino acid substitution variants in the POLG1 found in bipolar disorder, as an example and proof of concept, in three different modalities of assessment: in silico predictions, in vitro biochemical assays, and clinical evaluation. We then tested whether deleterious variants in POLG1 contributed to the genetics of bipolar disorder.MethodsWe searched for variants in the POLG1 gene in 796 Japanese patients with bipolar disorder and 767 controls and comprehensively investigated all 23 identified variants in the three modalities of assessment. POLG1 encodes mitochondrial DNA polymerase and is one of the causative genes for a Mendelian‐inheritance mitochondrial disease, which is occasionally accompanied by mood disorders. The healthy control data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization were also employed.ResultsAlthough the frequency of carriers of deleterious variants varied from one method to another, every assessment achieved the same conclusion that deleterious POLG1 variants were significantly enriched in the variants identified in patients with bipolar disorder compared to those in controls.ConclusionTogether with mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder, the present results suggested deleterious POLG1 variants as a credible risk for the multifactorial disease.
Cutaneous Reactions in Children Treated with the Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase Inhibitor Trametinib for Neural Tumors
Authors: Boull Christina , Hook Kristen , Moertel Christopher , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a target for the treatment of a growing number of malignancies. The cutaneous reactions to medications that inhibit this pathway have not been described in children.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed for eight children with neural tumors treated with the MAPK extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitor trametinib. All children were evaluated by a pediatric dermatologist with documentation of cutaneous findings.ResultsAll patients had at least two separate skin reactions while on treatment with trametinib. Common skin findings included xerotic dermatitis, bacterial folliculitis, acneiform eruptions, paronychia, and hair thinning. No child needed to discontinue use of trametinib due to cutaneous toxicities.ConclusionsCutaneous reactions are common in children receiving trametinib. Identification of these reactions is the initial step in establishing treatment guidelines that will minimize skin eruptions and subsequent interruption of trametinib treatment.
Regression of Nevi After Candida Injection for the Treatment of Verruca Vulgaris
Authors: Kollmann Emily , Cleaver David , Cleaver Lloyd , Cleaver Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe most common treatment methods for verruca vulgaris are destructive methods that are often painful and treat individual verruca. Thus immune modulators, including Candida immunotherapy, are used to treat persistent recalcitrant and multiple verrucas simultaneously. Very few side effects are reported with Candida immunotherapy; they include vitiligo and now halo nevi. Physicians need to be aware of and discuss side effects with patients undergoing Candida immunotherapy.
Maternal Smoking Status in Successive Pregnancies and Risk of Having a Small for Gestational Age Infant
Authors: Kvalvik Liv G. , Haug Kjell , Klungsøyr Kari , Morken Nils‐Halvdan , DeRoo Lisa A. , Skjærven Rolv 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundSmoking during pregnancy is linked to having a small for gestational age (SGA) baby. We estimated SGA risk among women who smoked persistently, quit smoking or started smoking during their first two pregnancies.MethodsData from the population‐based Medical Birth Registry of Norway was used to evaluate self‐reported smoking at the beginning and end of two successive pregnancies among 118 355 Nordic women giving birth 1999–2014. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SGA in the second pregnancy were estimated using adjusted generalised linear models with non‐smokers during both pregnancies serving as referent category.ResultsDaily smokers throughout both pregnancies had almost threefold increased SGA risk in the second pregnancy (RR 2.9, 95% CI 2.7, 3.1). Daily smokers in the first pregnancy, who abstained in the second, had a 1.3‐fold increased risk (95% CI 1.1, 1.5). Intermediate risks were found among persistent daily smokers who quit by the end of the second pregnancy (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6, 2.4) and non‐smokers in first pregnancy who smoked daily throughout their second (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.3). Persistently smoking women without SGA in first pregnancy, had a 2.7‐fold increased risk of SGA in second pregnancy (95% CI 2.5, 3.0).ConclusionsSmoking throughout two successive pregnancies was associated with the greatest increased SGA risk compared with non‐smokers, while cessation before or during the second pregnancy reduced this risk. Women who smoked in the first pregnancy without experiencing SGA are not protected against SGA in second pregnancy if they continue smoking.