bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Perceptions of the Administrative Values Tradeoff: Bureaucratic and Democratic Ethos
Authors: Jo Suyeon , Meier Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTScholarly debate over bureaucratic and democratic values has been one of the fundamental questions in the field of public administration. Despite a volume of theoretical discussions, we know little about how the general public cares about these two sets of administrative values in practice. This research fills the gap in the literature by investigating the public's views on four administrative values: effectiveness and efficiency, as well as equity and participation. We also test whether there is a tradeoff between bureaucratic and democratic values. We conducted a vignette experiment using the context of US nursing homes where different administrative values (effectiveness, efficiency, equity, and participation) serve as treatment manipulations. Our findings suggest that the public considers different values in assessing public organizations, and that they recognize the trade‐off between efficiency and participation. The study has broad implications for our understanding of ethical frameworks of public administration, namely bureaucratic and democratic ethos.
Skin Imaging of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: In Vivo Diagnosis by Line‐Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Palmisano Gerardo , Cappilli Simone , Bocchino Enrico , Di Stefani Alessandro , Peris Ketty 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA 15‐year‐old boy presented with a yellowish, asymptomatic nodule on the left forearm, which developed in the last year. A diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma was confirmed with histopathology. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), a new skin imaging technique, was performed prior to surgery, showing a strong correspondence with histopathological sections. As juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign disorder of the pediatric age, LC‐OCT may represent an alternative to surgery for achieving a fast diagnosis in uncertain cases.
Phylogeny, biogeography and morphological evolution of the treehopper‐like leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Megophthalminae and Ulopinae
Authors: Cao Yanghui , Dietrich Christopher H. , Dmitriev Dmitry A. , Kits Joel H. , Xue Qingquan , Zhang Yalin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent phylogenetic analyses of anchored‐hybrid, transcriptomic and morphological data have consistently recovered a clade comprising the three previously recognized families of treehoppers (Hemiptera), Aetalionidae, Melizoderidae and Membracidae, as well as two groups traditionally included in the leafhopper family Cicadellidae as subfamilies Megophthalminae and Ulopinae. To reconstruct the phylogeny of these two groups of treehopper‐like leafhoppers, maximum likelihood and multi‐species coalescent analyses were performed on a molecular DNA dataset consisting of ~700 anchored hybrid loci representing 84 terminal taxa. Analyses based on different dataset subsets and approaches yielded largely congruent topologies, although the relationships among Megophthalminae, Ulopinae and treehoppers are still unstable. The monophyly of both subfamilies is strongly supported, but several tribes, including Agalliini, Cephalelini, Megophthalmini and Ulopini, are recovered as non‐monophyletic. The origin of Megophthalminae and Ulopinae was estimated as early Cretaceous (~140 million years ago), and the divergence within each subfamily began in the mid‐Cretaceous. Continental‐scale biogeographic structure is evident in these two groups, with genera occurring on the same continent tending to group together regardless of tribal placement, suggesting that extensive morphological convergence occurred among faunas inhabiting different regions. Ancestral microhabitat reconstruction suggested that megophthalmine and ulopine leafhoppers originally lived on trees or shrubs and later several groups evolved independently to inhabit leaf litter and soil. Convergent modifications of the ocelli, forewings and hindwings accompanied changes in microhabitat preference.
Mapping the locus for ocular melanosis in Cairn Terriers
Authors: Winkler Paige A. , Dawson‐Baglien Ethan M. , Coffey Madeline C. , Venta Patrick J. , Ekenstedt Kari J. , Petersen‐Jones Simon M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo map the disease locus for familial ocular melanosis (OM) in the Cairn Terrier.Animals StudiedCairn Terriers with OM and normal control dogs.ProcedureA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 63 OM‐affected and 31 control Cairn Terriers, followed by haplotype analysis. A significantly associated single‐nucleotide polymorphism was genotyped in a larger group of OM‐affected and control Cairn Terriers. The coding and splice‐site regions of genes mapping within the confidence interval were sequenced.ResultsA ~9.2 Mb region of chromosome 11 was significantly associated with OM. Haplotype analysis narrowed the region to 1.49 Mb. Genotyping of a SNP within the region showed 86% of OM‐affected dogs were homozygous or heterozygous for the risk allele, whereas 78% of unaffected dogs were homozygous for the nonrisk allele. Sequencing of the coding regions and splice sites of four genes (c9orf72, IFNK, the 5′ end of MOB3B, and the 3′ end of LINGO2) and of a microRNA (MIR876) did not detect any genetic variants unique to OM‐affected dogs.ConclusionOM in Cairn Terriers maps to a 1.49 Mb region of chromosome 11. This accounts for 86% of OM cases in our DNA bank. A second locus may account for the OM phenotype in the remaining 14% of cases. Sequencing of coding regions and splice sites of positional candidate genes and a microRNA did not reveal any genetic variants unique to affected dogs. Further studies are required to elucidate the DNA variant causal for OM in Cairn Terriers and to understand the disease mechanism.
Mouse innate resistance to
Neospora caninum
infection is driven by early production of IFNγ by NK cells in response to parasite ligands
Authors: Coombs R. S. , Overacre-Delgoffe A. E. , Bhattacharjee A. , Hand T. W. , Boyle J. P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii
is capable of being transmitted by nearly all warm-blooded animals, and rodents are a major source of parasite dissemination, yet mechanisms driving its broad host range are poorly understood. Although a phylogenetically close relative of
T. gondii
,
Neospora caninum
differs from
T. gondii
in that it does not infect mice and only infects a small number of ruminant and canine species. We recently showed that
T. gondii
and
N. caninum
grow similarly in mice during the first 24 h post-infection, but only
N. caninum
induces an IFNγ-driven response within hours that controls the infection. The goal of the present study was to understand the cellular basis of this rapid response to
N. caninum
. To do this, we compared immune cell populations at the site of infection 4 h after
T. gondii
or
N. caninum
infection in mice. We found that both parasites induced similar frequencies of peritoneal monocytes, while macrophages and dendritic cell populations were not increased compared to uninfected mice. Through a series of knockout mouse experiments, we show that B, T, and NKT cells are not required for immediate IFNγ production and ultimate control of
N. caninum
infection, suggesting that natural killer (NK) cells are the primary inducers of immediate IFNγ in response to
N. caninum. N. caninum
infections exhibited significantly more IFNγ
+
NK cells in the peritoneum compared with
T. gondii
-infected and uninfected mice. Finally, we demonstrate that differences in early IFNγ production during
N. caninum
and
T. gondii
infections in mice are at least partly due to differences in soluble antigen(s) produced by tachyzoites.

IMPORTANCE
Pathogen differences in host range are poorly understood at the molecular level even though even closely related pathogen species can have dramatically distinct host ranges. Here, we study two related parasite species that have a dramatic difference in their ability to infect mice. Here, we show that soluble proteins from these species determine one driver of this difference: induction of interferon gamma by cells of the innate immune system.
Systematic review of interventions to reduce hospital and emergency department stay in paediatric populations
Authors: Dick Smita , MacRae Clare , Colacino Laura , Wilson Philip , Turner Stephen W 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThis systemic review describes interventions designed to shorten length of stay (LOS) in hospital or the emergency department (ED).MethodsPapers published from 2000 until February 2024 were sought in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCIE, Cochrane Library Database and DARE databases. Outcomes were LOS, readmissions and healthcare cost.ResultsEighteen studies were eligible, including 10 randomised controlled trials and 8 non-randomised studies. Children were recruited from ED in seven studies and from the paediatric ward in 11 studies. Nine studies delivered outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) to children and were associated with reduced LOS and cost but longer duration of antibiotic treatment. Seven studies described ‘hospital at home’ in children admitted with a range of conditions and some reported reduced readmissions and LOS in addition to reduced costs, compared with standard hospital care. Two studies provided care in a step-down facility and reported reduced readmissions and costs.ConclusionsMany of the interventions identified were cost-effective but often led to a longer total period of care compared with inpatient care. Providing care outside of hospital is not associated with increased adverse outcomes compared with receiving care in hospital and brings benefit to the child’s family.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023408663.
Costs and benefits of routine labs in hospital patients: iatrogenic anaemia and undiagnosed acute kidney injury
Authors: Dean Dawson 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceGuidelines recommend avoiding unnecessary laboratory tests to minimise risks of anaemia in hospitalised patients as well as reduce costs, but there are costs to skipping routine labs including missing acute kidney injury.ObjectiveQuantify the costs and benefits of routine labs in dollar costs as well as mortality.Evidence reviewThis is a retrospective analysis of 48 204 admissions at University of Kentucky Hospitals and simulates different strategies for skipping labs.FindingsIn a simplified estimate of pure dollar costs, the costs of daily labs appear to outweigh the costs of missing acute kidney injury.Conclusions and relevanceIn both dollar costs and the number of patients with mortality effects, the benefits of randomly skipping labs appear to significantly outweigh the costs, but the costs are not insignificant.
Early ward discharge clinic: facilitating discharges and prompt follow-up for medical inpatients in a district general hospital
Authors: Galloway Georgia Kate , Ahmed Tasneem , Choudhury Sarah Nahin 
Published: October 2024

Early discharge and follow-up for medical admissions could facilitate reduced length of stay and improve patient satisfaction. However, evidence to confirm this is lacking. Peterborough City Hospital (PCH) designed an early ward discharge clinic (EWDC) service embedded within its acute medicine department to provide clinicians with the opportunity for a prompt clinical review following a hospital admission.Across three cycles, several interventions aimed to improve the utilisation of clinic, appropriateness of referrals and reduce the number of missed attendances. Our work has demonstrated that a service such as the EWDC can provide ample opportunity for early review of patients which could reduce the rate of readmissions and improve services. Interventions to date have improved the utilisation of the clinic, reduced the number of patients not being aware of appointments and provided training opportunities for junior clinicians. Data has also suggested a high level of patient satisfaction from using the service.Further research is needed to confirm the use of such services in reducing readmissions and mortality, however, results from clinics at individual units such as PCH provide useful insight until such data is available.
How listening to children impacts their quality of life: a cross-sectional study of school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Arisa , Bethell Christina D , Yamaoka Yui , Morisaki Naho 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the association between children’s quality of life (QOL) and their experience of being heard by family and/or teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingsA randomly sampled postal survey of fifth or eighth grade children conducted in December 2020 in Japan.ParticipantsResponses from child/caregiver dyads (n=700) were adjusted for complex sampling to ensure the sample’s national representativeness, incorporating all regions.InterventionsBased on the survey results, children were categorised as ‘being heard’ if they reported being frequently asked about their thoughts regarding the pandemic and having their thoughts and feelings considered by family, teachers or both.Main outcome measuresOverall QOL and six QOL subscales measured through the Kid-KINDL Questionnaire (KINDL Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents).ResultsAbout half (52.9%) of children were heard by both family and teachers, with higher rates in fifth grade (59.9%) than in eighth grade (45.1%). The adjusted prevalence ratio for above median QOL was 4.40-fold (95% CI: 2.80 to 6.94) higher in children heard by both family and teachers than in unheard children. Associations remained significant but were lower in children heard only by family or teachers. QOL subscales showed similar associations, with family, self-esteem and friends being the strongest. Children asked for their thoughts or feelings without adult consideration did not exhibit higher QOL.Conclusions‘Being heard’ during the pandemic was positively associated with higher QOL. Recognising children’s right to be heard and promoting environments where they are heard at home and school may improve their well-being.
Strength in Numbers: Identifying a Significant Association between High Serum Ferritin Levels and Newly Diagnosed Malignancy in a Large Health Organization Cohort
Authors: Simchovitz Gesher Alon , Grinin Keren , Atias Dor , Patalon Tal , Gazit Sivan , Hoshen Moshe , Dagan Amir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ferritin, an iron storage protein and acute phase reactant, has been implicated in various aspects of human health and disease, including cancer. Previous studies have identified elevated serum ferritin (SF) levels in several cancer types, but a comprehensive examination across different malignancies remains lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by utilizing anonymized data from Maccabi Health Services (MHS), one of Israel’s largest health organizations, to explore the association between elevated SF levels and the diagnosis of different malignancies.

Methods:
An extensive dataset from MHS, comprising 2.7 million members, including 1.3 million individuals who underwent SF level testing, was analyzed. ORs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the association between high SF levels and cancer diagnosis. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate variations across different malignancies.

Results:
The analysis revealed a significant association between elevated SF levels and cancer diagnosis among MHS members, with an OR of 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.71–2.15). Subgroup analysis unveiled differences in the association across malignancy types, with hematologic, hepatobiliary, and respiratory malignancies more strongly associated with high SF levels.

Conclusions:
This study provides further support for the link between elevated SF levels and malignancy, leveraging a vast dataset from MHS, underscoring potential utilities of elevated SF levels as a potential indicator for cancer with a variable role among different malignancy types.

Impact:
The identification of elevated SF levels as a potential indicator for underlying malignancy for seemingly healthy individuals
ПОРУШЕННЯ ЦИТОКІНОВОГО ПРОФІЛЮ ПРИ ДІАБЕТИЧНІЙ АРТРОПАТІЇ КОЛІННОГО СУГЛОБА
Authors: Гнатюк М. С. , Татарчук Л. В. , Вадзюк Н. С. , Ясіновський О. Б. , Стець Н. Я. 
Published: October 2024

Вступ. Цукровий діабет супроводжується різними ускладненнями в органах та системах організму і також призводить до ураження суглобів. Особливості порушень цитокінового профілю при діабетичній артропатії колінного суглоба досліджено недостатньо.
Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості порушень цитокінового профілю при діабетичній артропатії колінного суглоба.
Методи дослідження. Комплексом біохімічних та морфологічних методів досліджено структури колінного суглоба 96 лабораторних статевозрілих білих щурів-самців, яких було поділено на три групи: 1-ша – 30 інтактних контрольних тварин; 2-га – 32 щури з місячною діабетичною артропатією колінного суглоба; 3-тя – 34 тварини з двомісячною вказаною патологією. Цукровий діабет моделювали шляхом одноразового внутрішньочеревного введення стрептозотоцину фірми “Sigma” в дозі 50 мг/кг. Евтаназію щурів здійснювали кровопусканням за умов використання тіопенталового наркозу. Імуноферментним методом у сироватці крові визначали концентрацію інтерлейкінів (IL2, IL6, IL10) та фактора некрозу пухлини α (TNFα). З колінного суглоба виготовляли гістологічні мікропрепарати, які досліджували світлооптично і морфометрично. Кількісні показники обробляли статистично.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що при діабетичній артропатії колінного суглоба виникає суттєвий дисбаланс цитокінів. При місячному діабетичному ушкодженні колінного суглоба рівень IL2 у сироватці крові зріс на 20,8 %, IL6 – на 40,9 %, IL10 – 30,9 %, TNFa – на 12,4 % (р<0,001), при двомісячній діабетичній атропатії наведені показники підвищилися, відповідно, на 30,6, 52,0, 36,27 та 17,9 % (р<0,001). Відносний об’єм ушкоджених синовіоцитів синовіальної оболонки колінного суглоба за умов місячного експерименту збільшився в 10,4 раза, хондроцитів суглобової поверхні стегнової кістки – в 5,1 раза, великогомілкової кістки – в 6,9 раза, надколінка – в 4,0 рази (р<0,001), при двомісячній діабетичній артропатії колінного суглоба ці показники аналогічно змінилися – в 14,6, 7,1, 8,0 і 6,0 разів (р<0,001) відповідно.
Висновки. Діабетична артропатія колінного суглоба характеризується вираженим дисбалансом цитокінів IL2, IL6, IL10, TNFa у сироватці крові, ураженням синовіоцитів синовіальної оболонки, хондроцитів суглобових поверхонь кісток досліджуваного суглоба. Найбільш виражені зміни концентрації цитокінів та ушкоджених синовіоцитів, хондроцитів суглобових поверхонь кісток колінного суглоба виявлено при двомісячній діабетичній артропатії.
Assimilation of Scattered Ocean Observations Using the Localized Equivalent-Weights Particle Filter with Statistical Observations
Authors: Deng Xiong , Han Rui , Yang Chunwang , Zhao Hengde , Zheng Hao , Yang Shuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Marine physical data are currently derived mainly from satellite remote sensing, sparsely distributed buoys, and mobile observation platforms. The buoys and mobile observation platforms are more suitable for acquiring deep ocean data. Traditional methods for dealing with such observations rely on linear and Gaussian assumptions in the assimilation of nonlinear marine characteristics, which may introduce bias in analysis and forecasting. The particle-filter assimilation method is of increasing interest because it has advantages in dealing with nonlinear assimilation problems, although it has limitations with sparsely distributed observations. To address this problem, we introduced inverse distance-weighted interpolation into the localization scheme of the localized equivalent-weights particle filter with time-distributed statistical observations method based on data from sparsely distributed buoys and mobile platforms. This improved the utilization rate of observations and increased forecast accuracy. Theoretical experiments were undertaken to highlight the characteristics of the improved method, using reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts as evaluation criteria in comparing the method with the localized weighted ensemble Kalman filter method—a hybrid particle-filter method. Results indicate that the method effectively improves assimilation and the accuracy of state estimation and forecasts of ocean temperature and salinity.

Significance Statement
This paper addresses the problem of assimilating sparsely distributed observations in processing ocean elements. We improved the localization scheme to deal with the sparse-observation problem based on the localized equivalent-weights particle filter with time distribution statistical observation (LEWPF–T–Sobs). This method can effectively handle the assimilation problem with sparse observations while retaining the advantages of traditional particle filtering assimilation, thus improving the accuracy of estimates of physical ocean data.
Association between Jewish religious observance and mental health among Israeli adults: Findings from the Global Flourishing Study
Authors: Levin Jeff , Bradshaw Matt , Johnson Byron R. 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study investigates the association between Jewish religious observance and several indicators of mental health and psychological well-being among Jewish Israeli adults. Method Data are from adult (18+) Jewish respondents in the Israeli sample (N = 2958) of the first wave of the Global Flourishing Study (GFS), a 22-nation population survey which will eventually consist of five annual waves of panel data. The GFS Israeli data were collected via a randomized, stratified, probability-based sampling design, and contained dozens of indicators of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, political, religious, health-related, and other constructs. Results Measures of Jewish religious observance, including religious service attendance, prayer, scripture reading, belief in God, and importance of Judaism, are statistically significant predictors of several single-item indicators of mental health (overall mental health, depression, anxiety) and psychological well-being (suffering, happiness, life satisfaction). Greater religious observance is associated with a higher self-rating of overall mental health, less depression and anxiety, less suffering, and greater happiness and life satisfaction. Nearly all results withstood adjusting for effects of several sociodemographic covariates. Conclusion These results offer confirmation of prior studies using smaller samples or non-population-based designs and with fewer mental health and religious indicators. They suggest that evidence for a salutary association between religious observance and mental health or psychological well-being among Israeli Jewish adults is consistent with findings in this literature for adherents to other faith traditions throughout the world.