bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment drug resistance among people living with HIV from 2018 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Lv Shiyun , Lan Yun , He Yaozu , Li Quanmin , Ling Xuemei , Li Junbin , Li Liya , Guo Pengle , Hu Fengyu , Cai Weiping , Tang Xiaoping , Chen Jingliang , Li Linghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) is posing an increasing threat to HIV control. Here we investigated drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and PDR among 6831 HIV‐infected individuals from 2018 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China. DRMs were detected among 24.5% of the patients. The overall prevalence of PDR was 7.4%, with resistance rate to nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) being 1.3%, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 4.8%, and protease inhibitor (PI) 1.4%. Abacavir (0.8%) resistance was the most common in NRTI, followed by resistance to emtricitabine (0.6%), lamivudine (0.6%), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (0.3%). In NNRTI, nevirapine (3.7%) resistance was the most common, followed by efavirenz (3.5%) and rilpivirine (3.4%). Among PI, resistance to tipranavir (0.8%), nelfinavir (0.6%), fosamprenavir (0.2%) and lopinavir (0.1%) was most frequent. Annual prevalence of PDR showed an increase trend from 2018 to 2022, although not significant. In the multivariable logistic regression model, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, circulating recombinant form (CRF) 55_01B, CRF08_BC, CRF59_01B, and subtype B were demonstrated as associated risk factors for PDR. The overall prevalence of PDR in Guangzhou was moderate, with relatively severe NNRTI resistance. Therefore, it remains crucial to continue monitoring PDR among newly diagnosed HIV‐infected individuals.
Methodology and development of a machine learning probability calculator: Data heterogeneity limits ability to predict recurrence after arthroscopic Bankart repair
Authors: van Spanning Sanne H. , Verweij Lukas P. E. , Hendrickx Laurent A. M. , Allaart Laurens J. H. , Athwal George S. , Lafosse Thibault , Lafosse Laurent , Doornberg Job N. , Oosterhoff Jacobien H. F. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. , Buijze Geert Alexander ,   the Machine Learning Consortium
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to develop and train a machine learning (ML) algorithm to create a clinical decision support tool (i.e., ML‐driven probability calculator) to be used in clinical practice to estimate recurrence rates following an arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR).MethodsData from 14 previously published studies were collected. Inclusion criteria were (1) patients treated with ABR without remplissage for traumatic anterior shoulder instability and (2) a minimum of 2 years follow‐up. Risk factors associated with recurrence were identified using bivariate logistic regression analysis. Subsequently, four ML algorithms were developed and internally validated. The predictive performance was assessed using discrimination, calibration and the Brier score.ResultsIn total, 5591 patients underwent ABR with a recurrence rate of 15.4% (n = 862). Age <35 years, participation in contact and collision sports, bony Bankart lesions and full‐thickness rotator cuff tears increased the risk of recurrence (all p < 0.05). A single shoulder dislocation (compared to multiple dislocations) lowered the risk of recurrence (p < 0.05). Due to the unavailability of certain variables in some patients, a portion of the patient data had to be excluded before pooling the data set to create the algorithm. A total of 797 patients were included providing information on risk factors associated with recurrence. The discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve) ranged between 0.54 and 0.57 for prediction of recurrence.ConclusionML was not able to predict the recurrence following ABR with the current available predictors. Despite a global coordinated effort, the heterogeneity of clinical data limited the predictive capabilities of the algorithm, emphasizing the need for standardized data collection methods in future studies.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, retrospective cohort study.
Number of conditioning trials, but not stimulus intensity, influences operant conditioning of brain responses after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Rodriguez Kazandra M. , Krishnan Chandramouli , Palmieri‐Smith Riann M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe primary purpose of this randomized, cross‐sectional study was to determine whether operant conditioning of motor evoked torque (MEPTORQUE) in individuals with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) increases quadriceps MEPTORQUE responses within a single session and induces acute corticospinal adaptations by producing sustained increases in MEPTORQUE after training. A secondary purpose was to determine if these changes were affected by the stimulus intensity and number of training trials.MethodsThirty participants were block‐randomized into one of three groups based on the participant's active motor threshold (100%, 120%, and 140%) to evaluate the effect of stimulus intensity. Participants received three blocks of conditioning trials (COND), where they trained to increase their MEPTORQUE. Control (CTRL) transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses were provided before and after each COND block to establish baseline corticospinal excitability and to evaluate the effect of the number of training trials. Two MEPTORQUE recruitment curves were collected to evaluate the effect of up‐conditioning on acute corticospinal adaptations.ResultsTKA participants were able to successfully increase their MEPTORQUE in a single session (F3,81 = 10.719, p < 0.001) and induce acute corticospinal adaptations (F1,27 = 20.029, p < 0.001), indicating sustained increases in quadriceps corticospinal excitability due to operant conditioning. While the stimulus intensity used during training did not affect the ability to increase MEPTORQUE (F2,26 = 0.021, n.s.) or its associated acute adaptations (F2,27 = 0.935, n.s.), the number of training trials significantly influenced these outcomes (F3,81 = 10.719, p < 0.001; F3,81 = 4.379, p = 0.007, respectively).ConclusionOperant conditioning is a feasible approach for improving quadriceps corticospinal excitability following TKA. While any of the three stimulus intensities evaluated in this study may be used in future operant conditioning interventions, using a low or moderate stimulus intensity and 150 training trials are recommended to improve treatment efficiency and patient adherence.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Arthroscopic subscapularis augmentation of the classic Bankart repair leads to satisfactory clinical and functional mid‐term outcomes in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and less than a subcritical glenoid bone loss
Authors: Brilakis Emmanouil , Sachinis Nikolaos Platon , Kokkineli Stefania , Pantekidis Ioannis , Natsaridis Prodromos , Gatos George , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe long‐term failure rate of the arthroscopic Bankart repair may reach unacceptable values, raising the need to augment this classic procedure. Arthroscopic subscapularis augmentation is the tenodesis of the upper part of the subscapularis tendon to the anterior glenoid rim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mid‐term clinical and functional outcomes of patients operated with arthroscopic subscapularis augmentation of the classic Bankart repair due to recurrent anterior shoulder instability.MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐centre case series study with prospectively collected data. All patients suffered from recurrent anterior shoulder instability and had glenoid bone loss less than 13.5% of the inferior glenoid diameter (subcritical glenoid bone loss). Patients with greater anterior glenoid bone defect, engaging Hill–Sachs lesions, multidirectional instability or subscapularis insufficiency were excluded. Postoperatively, all patients were evaluated for recurrence and apprehension. The patient's shoulder range of motion and functional scores were recorded.ResultsThe final study cohort included 34 patients with a mean age of 29.3 ± 10.2 years. The mean follow‐up period was 42.4 ± 10.7 months (range, 24–62 months). Two out of 34 patients (5.8%) experienced a re‐dislocation postoperatively, while one additional patient had a subjective feeling of apprehension. External rotation at the last follow‐up was lower compared to preoperative values or the healthy side, but only one patient had restrictions in his sporting activities. The functional scores were significantly increased compared to the preoperative values. Twenty‐two out of 26 patients (84.6%) returned to the same level of sporting activities, and 30/34 patients (88.2%) were highly satisfied with the results.ConclusionArthroscopic subscapularis augmentation of the classic Bankart repair reduces the dislocation recurrence rate and leads to satisfactory clinical and functional mid‐term outcomes in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and less than a subcritical glenoid bone loss.Level of EvidenceLevel IV
Hot spots drive uptake and short‐term processing of organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen in intertidal sediments
Authors: Riekenberg Philip M. , Eyre Bradley D. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Oakes Joanne M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study uses dual‐labeled (13C and 15N) stable isotope applications to examine microbial uptake and short‐term processing of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from organic and inorganic compounds in subtropical intertidal sediment. Four treatment applications were applied: (1) algal dissolved organic matter (DOM), (2) amino acid mixture, (3) glucose and , and (4) NaHCO3 and to assess bioavailability effects on processing (1 vs. 2) and short‐term processing for OM fixed via microphytobenthos only (pennate diatom dominated) (4) vs. material taken up by the entire microbial community (3) across 24 h. 13C from algal‐DOM was preferentially used by the microbial community vs. 15N. At 24 h more 13C from algal‐DOM remained in microbial biomass indicating use of labeled precursor molecules to form biomass. Conversely, 13C from the amino acid treatment was not incorporated into biomass and was either rapidly respired to DIC or discarded as the in situ microbial community preferentially used and retained 15N from amino acids. Short‐term export of 13C as CO2 from glucose was lower than from microphytobenthos‐C, while retention of 15N from was similar between treatments (3 and 4) despite doubling the application N concentration, suggesting potentially higher glucose‐stimulated 15N export via nitrification–denitrification that was not confirmed via flux measurements in this study. Despite careful site selection for similar tidal exposure and sediment types among the three estuaries, the uptake and processing of labeled substrate varied substantially between replicates and sites which challenged traditional statistical analysis. Disproportionate processing of substrates occurring in sediment hotspots of microbial activity can cause variability spanning orders of magnitude which was found to be widespread through comparison of our results against 19 previous studies in intertidal settings. Development of robust analytical techniques to handle variability from abiotic and biotic factors will allow greater clarity surrounding in situ biogeochemical processing in intertidal environments.
Examining the Properties of (Co)Polymer Networks Prepared by the Phosphane‐Ene Reaction
Authors: Raoofi Mehrnoosh S. , Bosso Jessica L. , Noël James J. , Blacquiere Johanna M. , Gilroy Joe B. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer networks have emerged as materials with widespread application, including their use in drug delivery, catalysis, and flexible electronics. They have traditionally been derived from organic building blocks using well‐developed reaction types. Advances in main group synthetic chemistry have opened the door for the production of new polymer networks, including those containing phosphorus atoms that offer the traits of Lewis basic phosphorus centers. Here, the radical‐catalyzed phosphane‐ene reaction is used to prepare (co)polymer networks from iBuPH2, trivinyltriptycene (TVT), and 1,3,5‐triallyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trione (TTT), which are the first of their type to include TVT. Networks rich in TVT exhibited greater thermal stability and reduced network mobility compared to those rich in TTT. Despite the rigidity, 3D, and internal free volume associated with the triptycene units present in TVT‐rich networks, their swellability is similar to networks rich in TTT indicating that the presence of phosphines may be a dominating factor in the respective structure‐property relationships.
On locally finite groups whose derived subgroup is locally nilpotent
Authors: Trombetti Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA celebrated theorem of Helmut Wielandt shows that the nilpotent residual of the subgroup generated by two subnormal subgroups of a finite group is the subgroup generated by the nilpotent residuals of the subgroups. This result has been extended to saturated formations in Ballester‐Bolinches, Ezquerro, and Pedreza‐Aguilera [Math. Nachr. 239–240 (2002), 5–10]. Although Wielandt's result is not true in arbitrary locally finite groups, we are able to extend it (even in a stronger form) to homomorphic images of periodic linear groups. Also, all results in Ballester‐Bolinches, Ezquerro, and Pedreza‐Aguilera [Math. Nachr. 239–240 (2002), 5–10] are extended to locally finite groups, so it is possible to characterize the class of locally finite groups with a locally nilpotent derived subgroup as the largest subgroup‐closed saturated formation such that, for all ‐closed saturated formations , the ‐residual of an ‐group generated by ‐subnormal subgroups is the subgroup generated by their ‐residuals. Our proofs are based on a reduction theorem that is of an independent interest. Furthermore, we provide strengthened versions of Wielandt's result for other relevant classes of groups, among which we mention the class of paranilpotent groups. A brief discussion on the permutability of the residuals is given at the end of the paper.
Transforming the electronic health record from a documentation application to an automated diet program for personalizing neonatal nutrition and improving feeding administration safety through process improvement
Authors: Owen Alisha Harmeson , Husain Ameena , ElHalta David , Chen Suzie A. , Spackman Jennifer , Murphy Jennifer , Chan Belinda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDelivering adequate nutrition to preterm and sick neonates is critical for growth. Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require additional calories to supplement feedings for higher metabolic demands. Traditionally, clinicians enter free‐text diet orders for a milk technician to formulate recipes, and dietitians manually calculate nutrition components to monitor growth. This daily process is complex and labor intensive with potential for error. Our goal was to develop an electronic health record (EHR)–integrated solution for entering feeding orders with automated nutrition calculations and mixing instructions. The EHR‐integrated automated diet program (ADP) was created and implemented at a 52‐bed level III academic NICU. The configuration of the parenteral nutrition orderable item within the EHR was adapted to generate personalized milk mixing recipes. Caloric, macronutrient, and micronutrient constituents were automatically calculated and displayed. To enhance administration safety, handwritten milk bottle patient labels were substituted with electronically generated and scannable patient labels. The program was further enhanced by calculating fortifier powder displacement factors to improve mixing precision. Order entry was optimized to allow for more complex mixing recipes and include a preference list of frequently ordered feeds. The EHR‐ADP's safeguarded features allowed for catching multiple near‐missed feeding administration errors. The NICU preterm neonate cohort had an average of 6‐day decrease (P = 0.01) in the length of stay after implementation while maintaining the same weight gain velocity. The EHR‐ADP may improve safety and efficiency; further improvements and wider utilization are needed to demonstrate the growth benefits of personalized nutrition.
Effect of surface treatment on interface properties of carbon fiber reinforced PA6 composites during overmolding
Authors: Kang Dongxu , Qin Yinle , Zhang Xiaoyang , Han Keqing , Cheng Lele , Zhang Yichen , Sun Zeyu , Dai Jinyin , Yu Muhuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites have the advantages of lightweight and high strength and have broad application prospects in automotive lightweighting. This study uses the Overmolding process to mold carbon fiber‐reinforced nylon 6 composite materials. By using laser surface treatment and preheating technology, the interfacial bonding performance of the composite material is emphasized. By optimizing the embedding temperature, it was observed that the in‐plane shear strength increased by 13 times to 70 MPa, and the tensile strength increased by 10 times to 44 MPa. Similarly, by adjusting the melting temperature, the in‐plane shear strength was significantly improved, and the mechanical interlock and interfacial bonding were effectively enhanced by laser surface treatment, achieving the same effect as embedding preheating. By establishing a finite element model, the in‐plane tensile and in‐plane shear at the interface were accurately simulated, and the progressive failure process of the interface layer was successfully predicted.Highlights
Laser energy density strengthens the overmolding interface.
Optimizing insert, mold, and melt temperatures enhances interface bonding.
Shear and tensile tests reveal differences in interface failure behavior.
Finite element model accurately simulates overmolding interface failure.
Laser treatment and temperature control are key to stronger interfaces.
Identification of Key Genes in Fetal Gut Development at Single‐Cell Level by Exploiting Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ma QingLan , Meng Mei , Zhou XianChao , Guo Wei , Feng KaiYan , Huang Tao , Cai Yu‐Dong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe study of fetal gut development is critical due to its substantial influence on immediate neonatal and long‐term adult health. Current research largely focuses on microbiome colonization, gut immunity, and barrier function, alongside the impact of external factors on these phenomena. Limited research has been dedicated to the categorization of developing fetal gut cells. Our study aimed to enhance our understanding of fetal gut development by employing advanced machine‐learning techniques on single‐cell sequencing data. This dataset consisted of 62,849 samples, each characterized by 33,694 distinct gene features. Four feature ranking algorithms were utilized to sort features according to their significance, resulting in four feature lists. Then, these lists were fed into an incremental feature selection method to extract essential genes, classification rules, and build efficient classifiers. Several important genes were recognized by multiple feature ranking algorithms, such as FGG, MDK, RBP1, RBP2, IGFBP7, and SPON2. These features were key in differentiating specific developing intestinal cells, including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal, and vasculature cells of the colon, duo jejunum, and ileum cells. The classification rules showed special gene expression patterns on some intestinal cell types and the efficient classifiers can be useful tools for identifying intestinal cells.
The epidemiology of critical respiratory diseases in ex‐premature infants in Vietnam: A prospective single‐center study
Authors: Phan Phuc Huu , Tran Hanh My Thi , Hoang Canh Ngoc , Nguyen Thang Van , Quek Bin Huey , Lee Jan Hau 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to describe the epidemiology and etiologies of critical respiratory diseases of ex‐premature infants (EPIs) admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care unit (PICU).MethodsInfants ≤2 years old with acute respiratory illnesses admitted to PICU of Vietnam National Children's Hospital from November 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled and followed up to hospital discharge. We compared respiratory pathogens, outcomes, and PICU resources utilized between EPIs and term infants. Among EPIs, we described clinical characteristics and evaluated the association between associated factors and mortality.ResultsAmong 1183 patients, aged ≤2 years were admitted for critical respiratory illnesses, 202 (17.1%) were EPIs. Respiratory viruses were detected in 53.5% and 38.2% among EPIs and term infants, respectively. Compared to term infants, a higher proportion of EPIs required mechanical ventilation (MV) (85.6 vs. 66.5%, p < .005) and vasopressor support (37.6 vs. 10.7%%, p < .005). EPIs had a higher median PICU length of stay (11.0 [IQR: 7; 22] vs. 6.0 days [IQR: 3; 11], p = .09), hospital length of stay (21.5 [IQR: 13; 40] vs. 10.0 days [IQR: 5; 18], p < .005) and case fatality rate (31.3% vs. 22.6%) compared to term infants. Among EPIs, PIM‐3 score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–1.75) and PELOD‐2 score at admission (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.08–1.85) were associated with mortality.ConclusionsEPIs with critical respiratory illnesses constituted a significant population in the PICU, required more PICU support, and had worse clinical outcomes compared to term infants.
The steering effect of the EU taxonomy: Evidence from German institutional and retail investors
Authors: Chrzan Sandra , Pott Christiane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe EU taxonomy, introduced in 2022, is a comprehensive classification system categorizing environmentally sustainable economic activities. This study examines the impact of incorporating EU taxonomy data into corporate environmental disclosure on investor judgments. Through five experimental cases involving standard environmental disclosure and additional moderate/positive/negative taxonomy‐aligned information, we assessed institutional and retail investor evaluations. Results reveal that taxonomy inclusion significantly influences investor judgments, particularly among institutional investors who are more adept at recognizing and penalizing negative information. Clear taxonomy‐aligned data in combination with standard environmental information shows no steering effect among retail investors. Despite underperforming taxonomy indicators, environmental information generally conveys positive signals to retail investors.
Ultra‐Fast Fabrication of Mechanical‐Water‐Responsive Color‐Changing Photonic Crystals Elastomers and 3D Complex Devices
Authors: Xing Yixiao , Fei Xiang , Ma Jinghong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe traditional fabrication of opal‐structured photonic crystals is constrained by the rate of solvent evaporation, a process that is not only time‐consuming but also labor‐intensive. This study introduces a paradigm shift by incorporating silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) with high zeta potentials and hydrogen bonding capabilities into an elastomeric matrix, resulting in a novel non‐close‐packed structure. This innovation circumvents the limitations of conventional methods by enabling the rapid formation of photonic inks (PI) into vibrant and luminous photonic elastomers (PEs) within seconds. These PEs demonstrate remarkable mechanochromic properties, exhibiting dynamic color changes across the visible spectrum in response to tensile and compressive deformations. Furthermore, the presence of hydroxyl groups endows the PEs with superior water‐responsiveness, which can be finely tuned through the ink formulation. The elimination of solvent evaporation dependency facilitates the fabrication of macroscopic photonic crystal devices with complex geometries using digital light processing (DLP)‐based 3D printing. This approach ensures exceptional optical performance and high customization potential. The resulting PEs hold significant promise for applications in smart wearables, soft robotics, and advanced human‐machine interface technologies.