bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Technological Systems Based On the Structural Decomposition of Their Coloured Petri Net Model
Authors: Pózna Anna I. , Gerzson Miklós , Leitold Adrien , Hangos Katalin M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Diagnosing faults during the operation of a system is an essential task when investigating technological systems. In this paper, a new online fault identification method is proposed which is based on the occurrence graph of the coloured Petri net model of the system. The model is able to simulate the normal and faulty operations of the system given in the form of event lists, so called traces. The diagnosis is based on the search for deviations between the traces of the normal and the actual operations. In the case of complex technological systems, the occurrence graph can contain hundreds of nodes; therefore, the computational effort and searching-time increase significantly. Our proposed structural decomposition method can manage these demands so it has a crucial impact on the practical application of diagnostic processes. The main idea of our method is that the complex systems can be decomposed into technological units. Therefore, the diagnosis can be done by components separately and the diagnostic result of a unit can be used for the diagnosis of the other units connected to it. Because of the structural decomposition, the diagnosis has to be performed on much smaller occurrence graphs but the effect of faults in previous units is taken into account. The proposed method is illustrated by a simple case study.
Original Article .The Optimal Allocation of Investment between Antivirals and Vaccines for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Planning
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yu-yuan , Guo Wen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objectives To investigate that given a fixed amount of financial resources, what is the optimal combination of vaccine and antiviral stockpiles in terms of minimizing the attack rate.
Methods Mathematic modeling was used to simulate the dynamics that with fixed influenza pandemic budget. Different budget conditions were observed if the combination changed. Framework between vaccines and antivirals was introduced by taking into account the uncertainty in vaccine and antiviral efficacy.
Results Given a fixed budget, different budget allocations between vaccines and antivirals stockpile gave different attack rates. When the price of vaccine was lower than or similar with the antivirals, the attack rate increased with increasing investment in antiviral. But if the price of the vaccine was higher than the antivirals, the attack rate may not decrease with increasing investment in vaccine. Fixed the vaccine effectiveness, higher effectiveness of antiviral got a lower attack rate.When both antiviral and vaccine were with 50% probability of effectiveness, the attack rate changed by antiviral stockpile with a same pattern as they were with 100% efficacy probability, even it has a higher attack rate.
Conclusions Assume the antivirals have 100% probability to be effective, budget was limited to a fix number, then in any event, population should stockpile a small amount of antivirals such that if the post-vaccination reproductive number turns out to be near 1, the additional intervention may further reduce the reproductive number to <1 and prevent the epidemic. Under the fixed budget, the price of the vaccines and antivirals will strongly affect the strategy of the stockpile allocation. When the price of vaccine is comparative lower, more investment of vaccine is better for the pandemic control, but if the vaccine price is too high then more investment in antiviral may be better. We found that attack rates and the optimal budget allocation depend on the probability to be effective of vaccine and antivirals.
Original Article. Effectiveness of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Bivalent Vaccine in China: A Metaanalysis
Authors: Huang Xiao-xia , Yan Lei , Wang Shi-wen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) bivalent vaccine in field.
Methods The articles on effectiveness of HFRS bivalent vaccine were retrieved from Vip Database, China Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang database, China Hospital Knowledge Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, MEDLINE and ProQuest. Two persons extracted data and evaluated the quality of data together for meta-analysis.
Results Seven articles were included into the analysis, and two articles were random clinical trials, five were quasi-trials. Meta-analysis showed that the overall effectiveness of HFRS bivalent vaccine was 85% (95% confidence interval: 53%-95%) within one year after vaccination, and the effectiveness in two-dose recipients and three-dose recipients was 87% (95% confidence interval: 54%-96%) and 60%, respectively; it was 96% (95% confidence interval: 78%-99%) within 2-5 years after vaccination, and the effectiveness in two-dose recipients and three-dose recipients was 95% (95% confidence interval: 19%-100%) and 96% (95% confidence interval: 70%-99%), respectively; it was 100% (only one article included) within 6-9.6 years after vaccination. The effectiveness in two-dose recipients was 88% (95% confidence interval: 62%-96%) during 1-2.5 years after vaccination, and that in three-dose recipients was 94% (95% confidence interval: 70%-99%) during 1-5 years after vaccination.
Conclusions HFRS bivalent vaccine is effective in field, and there is no difference between two-dose recipients and three-dose recipients. We should do some further studies on the long-term effectiveness of HFRS bivalent vaccine and on the age of vaccine reception.
Regulation Mechanism of HBV cccDNA
Authors: Cheng Jun , Quan Min , Li Min , Liu Shun-ai , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) existed in the nuclei of HBV infected hepatocytes with a half-life time of 14.3 years in a mathematic model. Viral protein feedback regulation in HBV life cycle to maintain vital viral replication is an important mechanism. Interleukin-6, epithelial growth factor, heme oxygenase-1, histones, and hepatocyte nuclear factors are demonstrated as the key regulators for HBV life cycle. CpG island structure and methylation status are involved in the regulation of HBV DNA replication. Nucleos(t)ide analogues are widely used in the clinical practice for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients, although no evidence indicating a direct inhibiton of HBV cccDNA. In the future, along with the study of HBV life cycle, new drugs including RNA interference technique, will pave the way to eliminate the HBV cccDNA from infected hepatocytes resulting final cure of chronic hepatitis B.
Different Effects of Plasma from Patients with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure on the Proliferation and Biotransformation Function of C3A Cells
Authors: Chen Yu , Fu Li-ming , Zhao Xiu-ying , Zhao Jun , Duan Zhong-ping 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure on the proliferation and biotransformation function of C3A cells in vitro, and provide experimental data for C3A cells to be efficiently used in the bioartificial liver system.
Methods C3A cells were incubated in 100% normal human plasma (NHP) and 100% abnormal plasma (AP) from patients with acute on chronic liver failure. Growth morphology of the two groups were observed under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. The method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was conducted for the proliferation activities of C3A cells. The cellular apoptosis rates were assessed by the flow cytometer. The biotransformation function of cells was evaluated through diazepam metabolic amount assay. The concentrations of epithelial growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were detected in plasma of the two groups.
Results A: The proliferation activities of C3A cells incubated in 100% AP for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours were significantly higher than that in 100% NHP (P < 0.01). B: Observation under the inverted microscope indicated that the cells in 100% AP were growing faster than those in 100% NHP after cells attached to the plastic at 24 and 48 hours. The same phenomena was observed under the scanning electronic microscope. C: The C3A cells cultured in both groups of plasma showed the same apoptosis rate at 48 hours and there was no statistical difference. D: The diazepam metabolic value of C3A cells incubated in 100% AP for 24, 72 and 120 hours were lower than that in 100% NHP and were statistically different (P < 0.01). E: The concentrations of TGF-α, EGF and IL-1 in AP were significantly higher than that in NHP (P < 0.01).
Conclusions Compared with normal human plasma, the plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure has more obvious effect to facilitate the proliferation of C3A cells, but also decreases partial biotransformation function of C3A cells.
Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Li Jun , Li Shi-hong , Wang Gui-qiang , Zhao Hong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a systemic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive lymphoprolifetative disease characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, unusual pattern of anti- EBV antibodies, and/or increased EBV genomes in affected tissues. Most cases are from Asia. So far, there is hardly any adult case reported from mainland of China. We herein presented a 33-year-old man with fever, facial erythema and rash, lymphadenopathy, lower limbs weakness, splenomegaly and liver lesion. EBV VCA, EA and EBNA were all positive. EBV DNA could be found in serum and PBMC. In situ hybridization of EBV encoded RNA in skin and liver biopsy was positive. Viral load in serum decreased under interferon alpha therapy. To our knowledge, it’s the first adult case reported from mainland of China.
A Case Report of Bronchobiliary Fistula and Literature Review
Authors: Cao Liang , Song Zhao-min , Liu Quan , Sheng Jun , Zhao Pei-li , Peng Xun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is one of the very rare disease. In this report, we described a BBF case. The case was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) examinations, and treated properly. From the diagnosis of this BBF case, a patient with cough, biliptysis, fever and pain, should be considered for diagnosis of BBF.
The Serum NT-proBNP in Patients with Cirrhosis: Relationship to Cardiac Dysfunction and Liver Function
Authors: Mao Hua , Jiang Deng-feng , Huang Li-yun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To detect the values of NT-proBNP and evaluate its relationship with liver function, cardiac structure, and cardiac function which was evaluated by echocardiography in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Methods A total of 50 liver cirrhotic patients and 11 healthy controls were studied by two dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Liver cirrhotic patients were divided into group A, B and C according to the Child-Pugh score. Cardiac dimensions and left and right ventricular functions were also evaluated. At the same time, the serum NTproBNP of liver cirrhotic patients and healthy controls were detected, respectively.
Results By Comparison between two groups, we found that the values of LVd, LAs, LVPW, AAO, A Wave, RVOTs, PV and NT-proBNP in liver cirrhosis group were higher than those in control group, whereas the value of E/A decreased. As for the value of LAs and serum NT-proBNP, A and B group were all lower than C group. With LAs > 35 mm, the number of cases in liver cirrhosis group was higher than that in control group. So did that With E/A < 1.
Conclusions The cardiac dysfunction confirmed the existence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. More clinical implications were found in liver cirrhotic patients with increased values of serum NT-proBNP.
Detection and Clinical Significance of Circulating Microvesicles in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Sun Li-ping , Li Hui-yu , Yi Xiao-ling , Niyonsaba Aime , Wang Ning-fang , Jie Sheng-hua 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective Microvesicles (MV) released from blood cells play an important role in the progress of diseases. The purpose of this study is to detect circulating MV level of patients suffering from severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).
Methods The plasma samples of SFTS patients and healthy controls were collected. And MV from samples were isolated and MV levels were detected quantitatively.
Results The results showed that the level of the circulating MV in SFTS patients was obviously higher than that of the healthy control, with statistically significant difference. Further analysis revealed that MV level was relevant to the severity of SFTS patients, namely the higher the concentration of MV, the more severity of the disease. Linear correlation analysis showed that the circulating MV level in SFTS was correlated positively with leukocyte count (r = 0.243, P < 0.05), but no correlation with the platelet count (r = 0.193, P >0.05).
Conclusions We demonstrated that there existed high level of circulating MV in SFTS patients, and the level of circulating MV had a close relationship with the severity of the disease and leukocyte count. Therefore, monitoring the level of circulating MV may provide a new indicator for predicting the prognosis of SFTS patients.
A Retrospective, Multi-Center, Post-Marketing Observational Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Ademetionine 1,4-Butanedisulfonate Injection (Transmetil®) Treatment in Chinese Patients with Intrahepatic Cholestasis Caused by Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Xie Wen , Zhao Hong , Chen Yu , Zhang Qin , Lu Wei , Liu Wei , Hu Ai-rong , Li Han-wei , Feng Ping , Chen Ming-sheng , Mei Cun-jin , Guo Xiao-lin , Zhao Xiao-hu , Wang Jiang-bin , Fan Zheng-qin , Gan Jian-he , Xie Qing , Cheng Jun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Obejective Ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate [S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)/Transmetil®, Abbott] has been available in China for more than 15 years, and it has been shown to reduce serum bilirubin and transaminase levels in viral hepatitis (VH) patients. However, no large-scale studies have focused on the impact of SAMe treatment regimen on reducing the serum total bilirubin (TBil) in VH patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC). The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous SAMe (Transmetil®) treatment in reducing the serum TBil by 50%.
Methods This retrospective, multi-center, cross-sectional medical record review involved patients aged ≥18 years. Records of 1 280 hospitalized VH patients at 16 sites diagnosed with IHC who had received intravenous SAMe 1 000 mg or 2 000 mg q.d. for at least 7 days from January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2009, were screened and 905 records were randomly selected.
Results The safety set (SS) included 834 patients and the full analysis set 826 patients. TBil levels after 14 days injection treatment were available for 763 patients. TBil decreased ≥ 50% versus baseline after 14 days treatment in 288 (37.7%) patients (95% CI 34.3%, 41.2%). Twenty-nine non-serious adverse events (non-SAEs) were reported in 19 (2.3%) patients, and 29 SAEs were reported in 10 patients (1.2%). All adverse events (AEs) were considered unrelated to the study drug.
Conclusions This retrospective study shows that intravenous SAMe administration in VH patients with IHC is associated with significant reduction of TBil levels in more than 30% of patients 14 days after treatment initiation.
Late-stage Use of Low-dose Corticosteroids Aid Recovery of Severe H1N1 Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Cao Bin , Gu Li , Yu Xiao-min , Yin Yu-Dong , Ma Chen , Liu Ying-mei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The role of corticosteroids in the management of severely ill patients with influenza A (H1N1) viral infection is unclear and controversial. Two critically ill cases with influenza A (H1N1) infections complicated with organizing pneumonia (OP) in 2011 successfully treated with low dose corticosteroids were reported here. After initial clinical improvement, the condition of both patients aggravated 20-23 days after the onset of illness. Chest X-ray and computed tomographies (CT) showed an increment of lung infiltrates. Cultures of blood, pleural fluid and transbronchial aspirate were negative for bacteria and fungi. Organizing pneumonia was diagnosed clinically and both patients were successfully treated with low-dose corticosteroids. Low-dose corticosteroids initiated during convalescence may be beneficial for severe swine-origin influenza A H1N1 pandemic 2009 virus (S-OIV) infections.
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of Liver Mimicking Cirrhosis: a Case Report
Authors: Zheng Rui-dan , Chen Zhuo-ran , Chen Jian-neng , Zhang Hui-yong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A 34-year-old man with no history of any abdominal pain or fatigue was admitted to our hospital in June 2008 due to the cirrhosis found incidentally during a physical examination. Laboratory examination, electrocardiograph, abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out during his hospitalization. However, according to the results of the above measures, the diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (NRHL) could not be made. The result of electrocardiograph showed there was no sinus bradycardia. The abdominal ultrasonography showed evidence of hepatosplenomegaly, and magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple non-enhancing hepatic nodules. Histologic confirmation was available by means of liver biopsy and the definitive diagnosis of NRHL was confirmed histologically by liver biopsy. NRHL always presents with signs of portal hypertension with little evidence of obvious liver disease, NRHL may mimick the cirrhosis of liver and be easily confused with cirrhosis of the liver nodules, so liver biopsy should be recommended for correct diagnosis. We here report the clinical, radiological and pathologic features of this case with NRHL in order to familiarize the physicians with its clinical manifestations.
An Outbreak of SARS in a Diabetes Room of a General Hospital without Infected Medical Staff
Authors: Liu Chun-ling , Cheng Jun , Gao He , Zhang Bo , Yuan Qun , Tong Ao , Liang Yi-an , Tang Hong , Guan Xiao-hong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of SARS that occurred in a single diabetes room of a general hospital in Beijing in late March 2003.
Methods Field investigation was carried out in the ward, the nursing log and the hospitalization medical record of correlative patients were consulted. SARS-CoV in serum specimen from SARS patient was detected by PCR.
Results The room where SARS outbreak occurred was on the 13th floor of the 16-story main ward building. There were 6 beds in the room, living with 6 female patients (aged 45-67) who were all hospitalized due to type 2 diabetes. On March 24, 2003, Patient 1 began to have a fever and cough, chest X-ray showed pneumonia. Five and six days later, Patient 2 and Patient 3 began to have a fever, respectively. Finally, all of these 3 patients died. Their beds were all at the same side of the room, and the other 3 patients at the opposite side were not infected. Serum SARS CoV-RNA of the Patient 3 was positive by nest-PCR. The daughter-in-law of Patient 1 who accompanied Patient 1 by the bedside several days, mainly near the window, upwind of Patient 1, was not infected. Medical staff, family members and visitors of the 6 patients were not infected.
Conclusions This outbreak was not transmitted by aerosol. The distance droplets travels could be up to 3.43 meters. Droplet spread has direction, and the droplets direction of propagation is closely related with the wind direction and speed. Those at the downwind position of SARS patients were susceptible to be infected. Medical staff wore face masks and good natural ventilation of this ward building may be important reasons for the prevention of infection.
Two Cases of Tuberculous Meningitis after Cesarean Section
Authors: Cheng Jun , Jiang Shou-wei , Ye Ying , Chen Shan , Liu Jing-quan , Yu Feng , Li Jia-bin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article revealed two valuable case reports about two young females suffered tuberculous meningitis after cesarean section. After antituberculous therapy, the condition of one patient improved and the other one became deteriorated.
A Clinical Analysis of 293 FUO Patients, A Diagnostic Model Discriminating infectious Diseases from Non-infectious Diseases
Authors: Zhou Qing , Xu Xu-wen , Tan De-ming , Xie Yu-tao , Long Yun-zhu , Lu Meng-hou 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective A diagnostic model was established to discriminate infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases.
Methods The clinical data of patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital Central South University, from January, 2006 to April, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients enrolled were divided into two groups. The first group was used to develop a diagnostic model: independent variables were recorded and considered in a logistic regression analysis to identify infectious and non-infectious diseases (αin = 0.05, αout = 0.10). The second group was used to evaluate the diagnostic model and make ROC analysis.
Results The diagnostic rate of 143 patients in the first group was 87.4%, the diagnosis included infectious disease (52.4%), connective tissue diseases (16.8%), neoplastic disease (16.1%) and miscellaneous (2.1%). The diagnostic rate of 168 patients in the second group was 88.4%, and the diagnosis was similar to the first group. Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased white blood cell count (WBC < 4.0×109/L), higher lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH > 320 U/L) and lymphadenectasis were independent risk factors associated with non-infectious diseases. The odds ratios were 14.74, 5.84 and 5.11 (P ≤ 0.01) , respectively. In ROC analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the positive predictive values was 62.1% and 89.1%, respectively, while that of negative predicting values were 75% and 81.7%, respectively (AUC = 0.76, P = 0.00).
Conclusions The combination of WBC < 4.0×109/L, LDH > 320 U/L and lymphadenectasis may be useful in discriminating infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases in patients hospitalized as FUO.