bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast, Real‐Time, In Situ Monitoring of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Using Sunlight‐Driven Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
Authors: Tian Jiajun , He Yanrong , Li Juntao , Wei Jie , Li Gangqiang , Guo Jinbao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccurate monitoring of ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from natural sunlight and artificial light sources is relevant for both human health and safe working environments. In this work, an ultrasensitive visual monitor for solar UV radiation is created using a sunlight‐driven, photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch‐LC) film constructed from cyanostilbene‐based chiral molecular photoswitches. Surprisingly, an ultrafast and irreversible redshift in the reflection color is observed when the obtained Ch‐LC film is irradiated under ambient sunlight, which is ascribed to a large, fast change in the helical twisting upon UV light interacting with the photoswitch in the LC system. The UV monitor exhibited robust optical responses, including color changes, between 100 µW cm−2 and 20 mW cm−2 for 365 nm UV radiation. Based on the experimental data and subsequent simulation data, two detection schemes for solar UV radiation featuring a 10 s color change and the photostationary state time are presented. This work paves the way for a new generation of UV‐radiation monitors that can realize autonomous, ultrafast, and power‐free UV radiation detection of natural sunlight and artificial UV sources.
On the “True” Structure of Push–Pull‐Type Low‐Bandgap Polymers for Organic Electronics
Authors: Pirotte Geert , Verstappen Pieter , Vanderzande Dirk , Maes Wouter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDonor–acceptor‐type conjugated polymers are a dominant class of active materials in the field of organic electronics. Their adjustable light‐harvesting, charge transfer, and charge transport characteristics are beneficially applied in organic photovoltaics, photodetectors, and thin‐film transistors. The conventional synthetic approach toward these push–pull polymers is based on Suzuki or Stille cross‐coupling of complementary functionalized (hetero)aromatic monomers. In an ideal world, this gives rise to a perfect alternation of the employed building blocks throughout the polymer backbone, and this alternation of electron‐rich (donor/push) and electron‐deficient (acceptor/pull) moieties leads to a substantial decrease of the bandgap. In recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that the “real” structure of the resulting alternating copolymers is often quite different from the projected one. Structural imperfections can, for instance, result from homocoupling of two identical building blocks. Furthermore, the polymer end groups are also often not those as expected. In this progress report, an overview is provided for the recent literature observations of structural imperfections in push–pull conjugated polymers, the difficulties in observing them, and their impact on device performance. The strong effect of homocoupling on material and (organic solar cell) device quality and reproducibility is particularly emphasized.
Mechanistic DFT Study on Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Double C−H Activation for Oxidative Annulations of 2‐Substituted Imidazoles and Alkynes
Authors: Xie Peipei , Jia Mengmeng , Xu Xiao‐Hua , Chen Fan , Xia Yuanzhi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of the rhodium(III)‐catalyzed double C−H activation for oxidative annulations of 2‐substituted imidazoles and alkynes was achieved by density functional theory calculations. It is disclosed that the rhodium(III)‐acetate‐triggered C−H bond cleavage occurs without a directing group, and the C5−H cleavage has the lowest activation barrier among all possible C−H activation processes. The experimental observations in reactions of different imidazole derivatives were explained well by the theoretical results.
Morphometric panel regression equations for predicting body mass in immature humans
Authors: Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Churchill Steven E. , Cameron Noël , Walker Christopher S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesPredicting body mass is a frequent objective of several anthropological subdisciplines, but there are few published methods for predicting body mass in immature humans. Because most reference samples are composed of adults, predicting body mass outside the range of adults requires extrapolation, which may reduce the accuracy of predictions. Prediction equations developed from a sample of immature humans would reduce extrapolation for application to small‐bodied target individuals, and should have utility in multiple predictive contexts.Materials and MethodsHere, we present two novel body mass prediction equations derived from 3468 observations of stature and bi‐iliac breadth from a large sample of immature humans (n = 173) collected in the Harpenden Growth Study. Prediction equations were generated using raw and natural log‐transformed data and modeled using panel regression, which accounts for serial autocorrelation of longitudinal observations. Predictive accuracy was gauged with a global sample of human juveniles (n = 530 age‐ and sex‐specific annual means) and compared to the performance of the adult morphometric prediction equation previously identified as most accurate for human juveniles.ResultsWhile the raw data panel equation is only slightly more accurate than the adult equation, the logged data panel equation generates very accurate body mass predictions across both sexes and all age classes of the test sample (mean absolute percentage prediction error = 2.47).DiscussionThe logged data panel equation should prove useful in archaeological, forensic, and paleontological contexts when predictor variables can be measured with confidence and are outside the range of modern adult humans.
Ultrafiltration of Syzygium cumini (L.) seeds extract: Analysis of flux decline and extract stability
Authors: Balyan Upasna , Sarkar Biswajit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze flux decline behavior during ultrafiltration (UF) of jamun (Syzygium cumini [L.]) seed extract using Harmia's model and Koltuniewicz's surface‐renewal model. The effects of different transmembrane pressure and stirrer speed on the membrane fouling, permeate flux, and permeate quality were studied. Analysis of the results revealed that UF of seed extract was controlled by a cake filtration mechanism. Phenolic compounds in UF clarified and nanofiltration concentrated extract were identified and quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Storage stability of quality parameters (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), color, and clarity) of jamun seed extract and nanofiltration concentrated extract were studied at 4, 27, and 37 °C for 30 days. A first‐order kinetic model was successfully used to evaluate the degradation of TPC and TFC during storage. Three models (Arrhenius, Eyring, and Ball) were shown to be suitable to describe the temperature dependence of the deterioration rate constant of TPC and TFC. Experimental results confirmed that membrane processing of jamun seed extract enhanced the storage stability of all the quality parameters tested. The estimated model parameters might be useful for design and scale‐up of the system and to identify the appropriate storage conditions for industrial processing.
Role of caged bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol in flame retardancy of PA6 and mechanism study
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Rui , Dong Zhen‐Feng , Zhu Zhi‐Guo , Zhang Xiu‐Qin , Liu Ji‐Guang 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA series of PA6/PEPA composites were prepared by mixing caged bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol (PEPA) and polyamide 6 (PA6) at different feed ratios by the melt‐blending method in a twin‐screw extruder. The influence of PEPA on the flame‐retardant properties of PA6 was investigated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the Underwriters Laboratories UL‐94 test, and the cone calorimeter method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), and TG‐FTIR were conducted to study the influence of PEPA on the thermal decomposition and the mechanism of performance of PA6 from products of condensed and gaseous phases. The results show that the LOI value and the content of residual char of PA6/PEPA composites increased with increasing PEPA content, and an LOI value of 38% could be reached when the feed ratio of PEPA was 30 wt %. The average heat release rate and total heat release drastically decreased with increasing content of PEPA, and the amount of carbon residue increased by 52.9% over neat PA6 after TG tests. The inorganic acid produced by PEPA during combustion can be used as an acid source to promote the dehydration of PA6 and the processes of esterification crosslinking, arylation, and carbonization. Moreover, there was less CO2 released than by PA6, and more carbon‐containing compound remained in the composites so that a stable carbon layer structure was formed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46236.
Applicability of biaxially oriented poly(trimethylene terephthalate) films using bio‐based 1,3‐propanediol in retort pouches
Authors: Kim Jung Min , Lee Ilwoo , Park Jun Young , Hwang Kwon Tack , Bae Hojae , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) is a material that has intermediate properties between poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and nylon, and produced by polymerizing bio‐based 1,3‐propanediol and terephthalic acid. In this study, the possibility of replacing existing biaxially oriented PET (OPET) and nylon 6 (ONylon) film with biaxially oriented PTT (OPTT) film is investigated to develop a more environmentally friendly retort pouch. In order to define actual problems in the retort pouch manufacturing process, food process, and distribution process, extensive examinations are conducted to study the degradation of physical properties after the in‐processing and sterilization process, the testing of pinhole resistance caused by stress, and the box level drop test. The results show OPTT film to be a promising alternative for OPET and ONylon film, to a limited extent. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46251.
Characterization of NlHox3, an essential gene for embryonic development in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Ren Ze‐Wei , Zhuo Ji‐Chong , Zhang Chuan‐Xi , Wang Dun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHox genes encode transcriptional regulatory proteins that control axial patterning in all bilaterians. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a destructive insect pest of rice plants in Asian countries. During analysis of the N. lugens transcriptome, we identified a Hox3‐like gene (NlHox3) that was highly and specifically expressed in the embryonic stage. We performed functional analysis on the gene to identify its roles in embryonic development and its potential use as a target in RNA interference (RNAi) based pest control. The sequence analysis showed that NlHox3 was homologous to the Hox3 gene and was most closely related with zen of Drosophila. There were no significant differences in oviposition between the treated and control females after injecting double‐stranded RNA of NlHox3 (dsNlHox3) into newly emerged female adult BPHs; however, there was a significant difference in the hatchability of those eggs laid, which no egg from the treated group hatched normally. Injecting female adult BPHs with dsNlHox3 led to necrosis of these offspring embryos, with eye reversal and undeveloped organs, suggesting that NlHox3 was an essential gene for embryonic development and might be a potential target for RNAi‐based control of this insect pest.
Motion‐Induced Changes in Emission as an Effective Strategy for the Ratiometric Probing of Human Serum Albumin and Trypsin in Biological Fluids
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Maji Basudeb , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHerein, we report the formation of a highly luminescent, pH‐sensitive, thermoreversible nanoaggregate in pure aqueous medium through the self‐agglomeration of carbazole‐based amphiphiles. The self‐assembly process restricted the intramolecular motion of the molecules and induced a change in its emission signal from blue to cyan, owing to an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect. A similar type of ratiometric response was also observed in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). However, in this case, the molecular motion of the flexible fluorescent probe was restricted by its embedded microenvironment, owing to a motion‐induced change in emission (MICE) effect, not by aggregation. Moreover, the probe showed quite high selectivity for HSA over other serum albumin proteins. Our carbazole‐based fluorescent probes are a unique example of the ratiometric sensing of HSA through the sole involvement of reversible noncovalent interactions. Considering the important of HSA in clinical diagnosis, a wide range of biological fluids, such as human urine, saliva, and plasma, were screened to analyze their HSA content. In addition, this system was also employed for the detection of trypsin at subnanomolar concentrations through the digestion of HSA.
Low carbohydrate diets may increase risk of neural tube defects
Authors: Desrosiers Tania A. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Mosley Bridget S. , Meyer Robert E. ,   National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: January 2018

BackgroundFolic acid fortification significantly reduced the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the United States. The popularity of “low carb” diets raises concern that women who intentionally avoid carbohydrates, thereby consuming fewer fortified foods, may not have adequate dietary intake of folic acid.MethodsTo assess the association between carbohydrate intake and NTDs, we analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study from 1,740 mothers of infants, stillbirths, and terminations with anencephaly or spina bifida (cases), and 9,545 mothers of live born infants without a birth defect (controls) conceived between 1998 and 2011. Carbohydrate and folic acid intake before conception were estimated from food frequency questionnaire responses. Restricted carbohydrate intake was defined as ≤5th percentile among controls. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression and adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, alcohol use, folic acid supplement use, study center, and caloric intake.ResultsMean dietary intake of folic acid among women with restricted carbohydrate intake was less than half that of other women (p < .01), and women with restricted carbohydrate intake were slightly more likely to have an infant with an NTD (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.67).ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine the association between carbohydrate intake and NTDs among pregnancies conceived postfortification. We found that women with restricted carbohydrate intake were 30% more likely to have an infant with anencephaly or spina bifida. However, more research is needed to understand the pathways by which restricted carbohydrate intake might increase the risk of NTDs.
Quantitative proteomics reveals that miR‐222 inhibits erythroid differentiation by targeting BLVRA and CRKL
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Xing , Wang Yong , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2018

miR‐222 plays an important role in erythroid differentiation, but the potential targets of miR‐222 in the regulation of erythroid differentiation remain to be determined. The target genes of miR‐222 were identified by proteomics combined with bioinformatics analysis in this study. Thirteen proteins were upregulated, and 13 were downregulated in K562 cells following transfection with miR‐222 inhibitor for 24 and 48 hours. Among these proteins, BLVRA and CRKL were upregulated after transfection of miR‐222 inhibitor in K562 cells and human CD34+ HPCs. Moreover, miR‐222 mimics reduced and miR‐222 inhibitor enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of both BLVRA and CRKL. Luciferase assay showed that miR‐222 directly targeted 3′‐UTR of BLVRA and CRKL. In addition, overexpression of either BLVRA or CRKL or both increased the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, while silencing of either BLVRA or CRKL or both by siRNA significantly attenuated hemin‐induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Our results indicated that BLVRA and CRKL are targets of miR‐222.
Complex coronary bifurcation treatment by a novel stenting technique: Bench test, fluid dynamic study and clinical outcomes
Authors: Rigatelli Gianluca , Zuin Marco , Dell'Avvocata Fabio , Vassilev Dobrin , Daggubati Ramesh , Nguyen Thach , Nguyễn Minh Trí Nhân , Foin Nicolas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe assess the mid‐term outcomes of ultrathin biodegradable polymer double stenting using a very minimal crushing (Nano‐Crush) technique in large complex coronary bifurcation.BackgroundComplex bifurcations have been suggested to be better approached by a planned double stent technique.MethodsTwo hundred and five consecutive patients (107 males and 98 females) referred for large complex coronary bifurcation percutaneous coronary interventions were enrolled. The technique was also evaluated by both a bench test with a silicon tubes phantom resembling a coronary bifurcation and a computed fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis.ResultsLeft main bifurcation accounted for 40.9% of cases (84 patients). Mean angles between main branch (MB) and side branch (SB) were 63.6 ± 21.3°. SB intravascular ultrasound‐calculated MSA was 5.6 ± 1.5 mm2. Clinical follow‐up was available for 100% of patients and at a mean follow‐up of 16.2 ± 6.7 months 8 deaths, all due to cardiovascular reason, (3.9%, 4 patients for stroke, two for heart failure, one after surgical aortic valve substitution, and one after acute massive pulmonary embolism) and no presumptive stent thrombosis or target vessel induced ischemia were observed. Angiographic follow‐up was available in 108 patients (52.7%) and showed a very low significant restenosis (5 patients, 4.6%). Bench study and CFD evaluation suggested a complete coverage of the SB ostium with a very high strut‐free area at the SB.ConclusionsThe revascularization of complex large coronary bifurcation disease using the Nano‐crush technique appeared promising thanks to the favorable fluid dynamic profile, complete coverage of the SD ostium, and very small metal amount at the carina.
In vitro inhibition of lipase, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme by defatted rice bran extracts of red‐pericarp rice mutant
Authors: Chiou Shiow‐Ying , Lai Jia‐Ying , Liao Jie‐Ann , Sung Jih‐Min , Lin Sheng‐Dun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesFreeze‐dried aqueous and various ethanolic (25%, 50%, 75%, and 95%) extracts of defatted red rice (mutant AM‐425) bran were prepared and designated as E0, E25, E50, E75, and E95, respectively. Phenolic constituents of extracts and the in vitro inhibitory effects of extracts against lipase, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) were examined.FindingsYields of extracts ranged from 16.45% (E0) to 11.57% (E95). The E50 and E75 had higher total phenols (79.2–80.9 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/g extract) than other extracts. The E75 and E95 had higher total flavonoids (20.46–21.35 mg catechin equivalent/g extract). The most abundant phenolic acid and flavonoid were ferulic acid and catechin, respectively. Both E50 and E75 had higher inhibitory activity against lipase (IC50, 35.95–35.97 mg/ml), α‐amylase (IC50, 21.99–22.02 mg/ml), α‐glucosidase (IC50, 1.67 mg/ml), and ACE (IC50, 2.93–2.97 mg/ml).ConclusionsBoth E50 and E75 can be used to produce high‐value functional supplements. However, further studies with in vivo models reflecting potential human benefits are needed in the future.Significance and noveltyThe tested E50 and E75 had higher contents of total phenols. Moreover, both E50 and E75 were able to inhibit key enzymes relevant to obesity (lipase), type‐2 diabetes mellitus (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase), and hypertension (angiotensin‐converting enzyme) in an in vitro model. The results suggest that defatted rice bran extracts could be considered as potential candidates for developing functional foods or supplements.
The histopathology and phenotypic variability in H syndrome
Authors: Dias‐Polak David , Indelman Margarita , Bergman Reuven , Avitan‐Hersh Emily 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageSkin biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of H syndrome. A triad of dermal fibrosis, lymphocytic aggregates, and numerous CD68+, CD163+, S100‐positive, and CD1a‐negative dermal histiocytes is characteristic.
Traveling Hot Spots in Plasmonic Photocatalysis: Manipulating Interparticle Spacing for Real‐Time Control of Electron Injection
Authors: Negrín‐Montecelo Yoel , Comesaña‐Hermo Miguel , Kong Xiang‐Tian , Rodríguez‐González Benito , Wang Zhiming , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés , Govorov Alexander O. , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHerein, we introduce a novel approach to achieve real‐time control over the hot‐electron injection process in metal–semiconductor photocatalysts. Such functionality is attained through the design of a hybrid nanocomposite in which plasmonic Au nanorods and TiO2 nanoparticles are synergistically integrated with a thermoresponsive polymer. In this manner, modifying the temperature of the system allows 1) precise regulation of the interparticle distance between the catalyst and the plasmonic component and 2) the reversible formation of plasmonic hot spots on the semiconductor. Both features can be simultaneously exploited to modulate the injection of hot electrons, thus boosting/inhibiting at will the photocatalytic activity of these heterostructures. This innovative conception enables dynamically adjustable performance of semiconductors, hence opening the door to the development of a new generation of plasmon‐operated photocatalytic devices.
Hydrogen Peroxide Assisted Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Water under Mild Conditions
Authors: Chen Ching‐Tien , Nguyen Chi Van , Wang Zheng‐Yen , Bando Yoshio , Yamauchi Yusuke , Bazziz Manar Tareq Saleh , Fatehmulla Amanullah , Farooq W. Aslam , Yoshikawa Takuya , Masuda Takao , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 2/2018 is provided by Prof. Kevin Wu's group from National Taiwan University, Taiwan. The image shows that the biomass‐derived compound 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), can be selectively converted to 5‐formyl‐2‐furoic acid (FFCA) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with the assistance of hydrogen peroxide, and the large lake indicates that the reaction can be conducted in water. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701302.