bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poro‐elasto‐plastic response of an unconsolidated formation confined with stiff seal rocks under radial injection
Authors: Atefi Monfared K. , Rothenburg L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this article, we evaluate geomechanics of fluid injection from a fully penetrating vertical well into an unconsolidated formation confined with stiff seal rocks. The coupled behavior of an isotropic, homogeneous sand layer is studied under injection pressures that are high enough to induce plasticity yet not fracturing. Propagation of the significant influence zone surrounding the injection borehole, quantified by the extent of the plastic domain in the elasto‐plastic model, is examined for the first time. First, a new fully coupled axisymmetric numerical model is developed. A comprehensive assessment is performed on pore pressures, stresses/strains, and failure planes during the entire transient period of an injection cycle. Results anticipate existence of five distinctive zones in terms of plasticity state: liquefaction at wellbore; two inner plastic domains surrounding the wellbore, where failure occurs along two planes and major principal stress is in vertical direction; remaining of the plastic domain, where formation fails along one plane and major principal stress is in radial direction; and a non‐plastic region. Failure mechanism at the wellbore is found to be shear followed by liquefaction. Next, a novel methodology is proposed based on which new weakly coupled poro‐elasto‐plastic analytical solutions are derived for all three stress/strain components. Unlike previous studies, extension of the plastic zone is obtained as a function of injection pressure, incorporating plasticity effects on the subsequent elastic domain. Solutions, proven to be a good approximation of numerical simulations, offer a huge advantage as the run time of coupled numerical simulations is considerably long. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can botox improve night‐time overactive bladder symptoms in women?
Authors: Miotla Pawel , Cartwright Rufus , Futyma Konrad , Bogusiewicz Michal , Skorupska Katarzyna , Winkler Izabela , Rechberger Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

AimsDespite the efficacy of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) therapy for urgency, urgency incontinence, and daytime frequency, its value in treatment of nocturia remains unclear. The aim of the prospective observational study was to assess the effect of onabotulinumtoxinA on night‐time symptoms in women with overactive bladder (OAB), including nocturia, night‐time urgency incontinence, and nocturnal voided volume as end‐points.MethodsWomen with idiopathic OAB (with at least one episode of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) per day, ≥8 micturitions per 24 hr, and ≥2 nocturia episodes per night) were enrolled. Patients with nocturnal polyuria were excluded. Botox (100 U) was administered in 20 intra‐detrusor injections. Post‐void residual volumes (PVR) were checked at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. Participants completed a 3‐day bladder diary and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) before and 12 weeks after treatment, and reported the efficacy of the treatment on visual analog scale (VAS) at the final follow‐up visit.ResultsSeventy‐six women completed the study. Botox injections were effective in the reduction of nocturia episodes (mean −0.98; P < 0.001) and night‐time UUI episodes (−0.37; P < 0.001) compared to the baseline. The increase of mean voided volume of the night‐time micturitions was 92.6 ml (P < 0.001). Patients reported a mean 58 points of improvement on the VAS. Urinary retention, which required self‐catheterization, was observed in three patients.ConclusionsIntravesical Botox injection provides significant benefit for night‐time symptoms in OAB patients. Our results are applicable for women without nocturnal polyuria, and should prove useful when counseling patients about the risks and benefits of Botox. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:648–652, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of image sensitivity between conventional tensor‐based and fast diffusion kurtosis imaging protocols in a rodent model of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wu Yin , Kim Jinsuh , Chan Suk‐Tak , Zhou Iris Yuwen , Guo Yingkun , Igarashi Takahiro , Zheng Hairong , Guo Gang , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: February 2016

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can offer a useful complementary tool to routine diffusion MRI for improved stratification of heterogeneous tissue damage in acute ischemic stroke. However, its relatively long imaging time has hampered its clinical application in the emergency setting. A recently proposed fast DKI approach substantially shortens the imaging time, which may help to overcome the scan time limitation. However, to date, the sensitivity of the fast DKI protocol for the imaging of acute stroke has not been fully described. In this study, we performed routine and fast DKI scans in a rodent model of acute stroke, and compared the sensitivity of diffusivity and kurtosis indices (i.e. axial, radial and mean) in depicting acute ischemic lesions. In addition, we analyzed the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between the ipsilateral ischemic and contralateral normal regions using both conventional and fast DKI methods. We found that the mean kurtosis shows a relative change of 47.1 ± 7.3% between the ischemic and contralateral normal regions, being the most sensitive parameter in revealing acute ischemic injury. The two DKI methods yielded highly correlated diffusivity and kurtosis measures and lesion volumes (R2 ⩾ 0.90, p < 0.01). Importantly, the fast DKI method exhibited significantly higher CNR of mean kurtosis (1.6 ± 0.2) compared with the routine tensor protocol (1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), with its CNR per unit time (CNR efficiency) approximately doubled when the scan time was taken into account. In conclusion, the fast DKI method provides excellent sensitivity and efficiency to image acute ischemic tissue damage, which is essential for image‐guided and individualized stroke treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the inertially symmetric rigid spacecraft time‐optimal three‐axis reorientation
Authors: Li Jing 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the classical time‐optimal rest‐to‐rest three‐axis reorientation of the inertially symmetric rigid spacecraft. First‐order necessary optimality conditions are derived from the Pontryagin's maximum principle. Then, control structures (i.e., switching times and control torques) for the time‐optimal solution with five, six, and seven switches are given. For any five‐switch, six‐switch, or seven‐switch time‐optimal solution, a finite number of control structures exist, and relations among the control structures and their associated time‐optimal solutions are analytically derived. By utilizing the control structure, efficient numerical optimization algorithm based on multiple‐interval Radau pseudospectral method is proposed. Numerical results show that, after rounding to integer, five‐switch and six‐switch time‐optimal solutions exist for rotation angles on the interval [1,180] deg, and s es on the interval [1,72] deg. Finally, time‐optimal solutions for typical rotation angles are given to illustrate and validate the new findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in upright position on gastro‐oesophageal reflux in infants
Authors: Van Ginderdeuren F. , Kerckhofs E. , Deneyer M. , Vanlaethem S. , Buyl R. , Vandenplas Y. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectivesTo determine the influence of physiotherapy using intrapulmonary percussive ventilation on gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) in infants <1 year.MethodsIn this controlled trial with intra‐subject design, children were studied using multichannel intraluminal impedance pH (pH‐MII) monitoring over 24 hr, during which they received one 20‐min session of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in upright position (IPVR), 2 hr after their latest feeding. Two hours after each feeding, the number of reflux episodes (RE) over a 20‐min period was registered for each infant and a mean per 20 min was calculated in order to obtain a baseline value. The number of RE during IPVR intervention was compared to baseline.ResultsFifty infants with a median age of 133 days were recruited of whom 21 were diagnosed with pathological GOR. During IPVR, the incidence of RE in the entire group was significantly lower compared to baseline; median (inter‐quartile range [IQR]) 0 (0–1) versus 0.71 (0–1.33) RE, respectively, P = 0.003. The subgroup with abnormal GOR showed also a significant decrease of RE during IPVR; median (IQR) 0 (0–1) versus 1.17 (0.55–2.16) RE, respectively, P = 0.03. No difference was detected in the group with normal reflux; median (IQR) 0.6 (0–1) compared to 0 (0–1) RE, respectively, P = 0.34.ConclusionIPVR does not induce, nor aggravate GOR in infants without and with pathological GOR, respectively, but on the contrary decreases the number of RE in patients with pathological reflux. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1065–1071. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coarse‐grained modeling of the intrinsically disordered protein Histatin 5 in solution: Monte Carlo simulations in combination with SAXS
Authors: Cragnell Carolina , Durand Dominique , Cabane Bernard , Skepö Marie 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMonte Carlo simulations and coarse‐grained modeling have been used to analyze Histatin 5, an unstructured short cationic salivary peptide known to have anticandidical properties. The calculated scattering functions have been compared with intensity curves and the distance distribution functionP(r) obtained from small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), at both high and low salt concentrations. The aim was to achieve a molecular understanding and a physico‐chemical insight of the obtained SAXS results and to gain information of the conformational changes of Histatin 5 due to altering salt content, charge distribution, and net charge. From a modeling perspective, the accuracy of the electrostatic interactions are of special interest. The used coarse‐grained model was based on the primitive model in which charged hard spheres differing in charge and in size represent the ionic particles, and the solvent only enters the model through its relative permittivity. The Hamiltonian of the model comprises three different contributions: (i) excluded volumes, (ii) electrostatic, and (iii) van der Waals interactions. Even though the model can be considered as gross omitting all atomistic details, a great correspondence is obtained with the experimental results. Proteins 2016; 84:777–791. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low pressure MOVPE growth and characterization of ZnTe homoepitaxial layers
Authors: Nishio Mitsuhiro , Saito Katsuhiko , Abiru Masakatsu , Mori Eiichiro , Araki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Daichi , Tanaka Tooru , Guo Qixin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe growth rate and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of ZnTe homoepitaxial layer grown at a reactor pressure of 500 Torr by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy have been clarified as a function of substrate temperature. An optimum substrate temperature for obtaining ZnTe layers with better PL property is determined by taking into account the growth rate behavior. Furthermore, the growth rate, PL spectrum, surface roughness and surface morphology of ZnTe layer have also been investigated by varying reactor pressure. With increasing reactor pressure, both the PL property and surface roughness of ZnTe layer are improved and subsequently become degraded, according as the growth rate increases monotonically and then shows saturated tendency. Change in the surface morphology of ZnTe layer with the increase of reactor pressure resembles that with the decrease of substrate temperature, probably due to the change from mass‐transport regime to surface kinetics one. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover Megaripple Crossings up to Sol 710 in Gale Crater
Authors: Arvidson Raymond E. , Iagnemma Karl D. , Maimone Mark , Fraeman Abigail A. , Zhou Feng , Heverly Matthew C. , Bellutta Paolo , Rubin David , Stein Nathan T. , Grotzinger John P. , Vasavada Ashwin R. 
Published: February 2016

After landing in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover traveled across regolith‐covered, rock‐strewn plains that transitioned into terrains that have been variably eroded, with valleys partially filled with windblown sands, and intervening plateaus capped by well‐cemented sandstones that have been fractured and shaped by wind into outcrops with numerous sharp rock surfaces. Wheel punctures and tears caused by sharp rocks while traversing the plateaus led to directing the rover to traverse in valleys where sands would cushion wheel loads. This required driving across a megaripple (windblown, sand‐sized deposit covered by coarser grains) that straddles a narrow gap and several extensive megaripple deposits that accumulated in low portions of valleys. Traverses across megaripple deposits led to mobility difficulties, with sinkage values up to approximately 30% of the 0.50 m wheel diameter, resultant high compaction resistances, and rover‐based slip up to 77%. Analysis of imaging and engineering data collected during traverses across megaripples for the first 710 sols (Mars days) of the mission, laboratory‐based single‐wheel soil experiments, full‐scale rover tests at the Dumont Dunes, Mojave Desert, California, and numerical simulations show that a combination of material properties and megaripple geometries explain the high wheel sinkage and slip events. Extensive megaripple deposits have subsequently been avoided and instead traverses have been implemented across terrains covered with regolith or thin windblown sand covers and megaripples separated by bedrock exposures.
Policy risk, strategic decisions and contagion effects: Firm‐specific considerations
Authors: Blake Daniel J. , Moschieri Caterina 
Published: February 2016

Research summary: In this article, we investigate the firm‐specific environment and its impact on firm strategy focusing on adverse changes in the policy environment and their effect on divestitures. We argue that experiencing a negative change in the firm‐specific policy environment causes firms to reassess their exposure to policy risk and their ability to manage their policy environment, making them more likely to divest. Operationalizing negative shifts in the firm‐specific policy environment through formal policy disputes between firms and governments, we find that following a dispute, firms are more likely to divest both in the country where the dispute occurs and in other countries in the same region. However, the impact of disputes on divestitures is firm specific, applying only to firms directly involved in a dispute.Managerial summary: What is the impact of change in the firm‐specific environment on firm strategy? We argue that when firms directly experience a negative change in their policy environment that is specific to them, they negatively reassess their exposure to policy risk and their ability to manage their policy environment, which makes them more likely to undertake a divestiture. We analyze formal disputes between firms and governments that arise from adverse changes in policy and find that, following a dispute, firms are more likely to divest in the country where the dispute occurs and in other countries in the same region. However, the impact of disputes on divestitures is firm specific as it applies only to firms directly involved in a dispute. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What students learn from hands‐on activities
Authors: Schwichow Martin , Zimmerman Corinne , Croker Steve , Härtig Hendrik 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe ability to design and interpret controlled experiments is an important scientific process skill and a common objective of science standards. Numerous intervention studies have investigated how the control‐of‐variables‐strategy (CVS) can be introduced to students. However, a meta‐analysis of 72 intervention studies found that the opportunity to train CVS skills with hands‐on tasks (g = 0.59) did not lead to better acquisition of CVS relative to interventions without a hands‐on component (g = 0.74). We conducted an intervention study in which we investigated the differential effects of hands‐on and paper‐and‐pencil training tasks on 161 eighth‐grade students’ achievement. CVS was demonstrated to all students before they were grouped into a hands‐on or a paper‐and‐pencil training condition. In both training conditions, students designed and interpreted experiments about which variables influence the force of electromagnets. Students in the hands‐on group interacted with physical equipment while students in the paper‐and‐pencil group planned experiments using sketches and interpreted the outcome of experiments presented in photographs. We found no general advantage or disadvantage of hands‐on tasks, as both groups did equally well on CVS and content knowledge tests. However, hands‐on students outperformed paper‐and‐pencil students on a hands‐on test identical to the training tasks, whereas the paper‐and‐pencil students outperformed hands‐on students on a science fair poster evaluation task similar to the paper‐and‐pencil training. In summary, students learned task‐specific procedural knowledge, but they did not acquire a deeper conceptual understanding of CVS or the content domain as a function of type of training. Implications for instruction and assessment are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53:980–1002, 2016
In vitro profiling of toxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol analogues by employing MCF‐7 cells and two‐hybrid yeast bioassay
Authors: Lei Bingli , Xu Jie , Peng Wei , Wen Yu , Zeng Xiangying , Yu Zhiqiang , Wang Yipei , Chen Tian 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe potentially adverse health implications of bisphenol A (BPA) have led to increasing use of alternative bisphenols (BPs). However, little is known about the toxicity of alternative BPs. In this study, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, intracellular ROS formation, and Ca2+ fluctuation effects of BPs on MCF‐7 cells were evaluated. At the same time, the estrogenic and thyroidal hormone effect potentials of six BPs were also evaluated using two‐hybrid yeast bioassay. The results showed that most BPs at 0.01–1 μM significantly increased cell viability in MCF‐7 cells and at higher exposure concentrations of 25–100 μM, they caused a significant decrease of cell viability. At the same time, these BPs also at 25–100 μM significantly increased LDH release of MCF‐7 cells. In addition, several BPs at 10–50 μM resulted in a significantly concentration‐depended increase in DNA‐damaging effect on MCF‐7 cells and elevated ROS production. Most BPs at 0.0001–10 μM significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ level. These results showed that bisphenol AF (BPAF) and thiodiphenol (TDP) exerted cell biological effect, estrogenic, and thyroidal effect potentials greater than those of BPA. The cytotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of other BPs are similar to or slightly lower than those of BPA. Therefore, as potential alternatives to BPA, endocrine disrupting effects and potential health harm of alternative BPs to human can also not be ignored. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 278–289, 2017.
Long‐term follow‐up of sacrocolpopexy mesh implants at two time intervals at least 1 year apart using 4D transperineal ultrasound
Authors: Eisenberg V. H. , Steinberg M. , Weiner Z. , Schiff E. , Lowenstein L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine, using four‐dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound, whether the appearance, position or dimensions of sacrocolpopexy mesh implants or the degree of tissue support change in the long term.MethodsWomen who had undergone minimally invasive abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse were invited for follow‐up assessment at two consecutive visits at least 1 year apart. All participants completed a Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory questionnaire (PFDI‐20) and underwent a pelvic examination by one examiner and had 4D ultrasound volumes obtained by a different examiner. Volumes were analyzed offline for mesh position with the woman at rest and on maximal Valsalva maneuver, and for mesh dimensions and characteristics on three‐dimensional orthogonal planes and rendered views, with the operator blinded to the clinical data. Findings were compared between the two examinations.ResultsThirty women attended follow‐up assessment at two time points, a median of 22 (range, 12–37) months apart. The median age at the latter visit was 60 (range, 46–72) years, median body mass index was 25.9 (range, 20.8–31.9) kg/m2, median parity was 3 (range, 1–7) and median time from surgery to first and second visit, respectively, was 11.2 (range, 6–26) months and 33.5 (range, 14–56) months. There were no significant differences between the two time points in symptom scores, reported satisfaction from surgery, pelvic examination findings or pelvic organ descent in any compartment according to ultrasound. While mesh dimensions of anterior and posterior arms did not change significantly over time, both arms descended less on Valsalva at the second follow‐up compared with at the first (13.2 ± 6.7 mm vs 21.9 ± 10.0 mm and 9.1 ± 5.3 mm vs 16.1 ± 8.1 mm, respectively, both P < 0.001). There were no mesh erosions, but folding remained a consistent finding, occurring in 80% of women in each assessment.ConclusionsCharacteristics of tissue support and dimensions of sacrocolpopexy mesh implants remained constant over long‐term follow‐up, with no mesh shrinkage or erosion. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Identification and management of fetal isolated right‐sided aortic arch in an unselected population
Authors: Mogra R. , Kesby G. , Sholler G. , Hyett J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveInclusion of the three vessels and trachea view in the routine assessment of the fetal heart at the 18–20‐week morphology scan improves recognition of a right‐sided aortic arch (RAA). We report our experience of RAA diagnosed in an unselected population of pregnant women attending for a routine morphology scan.MethodsThe obstetric imaging databases of two ultrasound centers were reviewed retrospectively to identify all routine fetal morphology scans performed at 18–22 weeks' gestation between January 2011 and December 2014. A review of postnatal charts was conducted to ascertain findings at birth, neonatal complications and the anatomical findings at any neonatal echocardiographic or surgical procedure. Parents of older infants were contacted by phone to assess their wellbeing and identify any respiratory or feeding difficulties.ResultsIn the 48‐month study period, 43 083 routine anomaly scans were performed. Twenty‐three cases of isolated RAA were identified, a prevalence of 0.05%. Nineteen (83%) cases of isolated RAA had a left‐sided arterial duct and four (17%) had a right‐sided duct. Postnatal follow‐up data were obtained in all cases. The prevalence of a symptomatic vascular ring due to a double aortic arch was 13% (3/23). One (4%) case was diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome.ConclusionsRAA can be identified easily on a routine fetal anomaly scan, however the prevalence of RAA is low in an unselected population. Antenatally diagnosed cases should be referred for detailed fetal echocardiography and the patient should be made aware of the association with DiGeorge syndrome and the symptoms associated with a vascular ring. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.