bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branch-and-Price for the Capacitated Autonomous Vehicle Assisted Delivery Problem
Authors: Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the exponential growth of package volumes has posed significant challenges for logistics networks, particularly in the realm of last-mile delivery. To mitigate costs while upholding service and delivery commitments, companies are increasingly investigating autonomous assisted delivery as a viable solution. In this paper, we study the Capacitated Autonomous Vehicle Assisted Delivery Problem, where an autonomous vehicle works in conjunction with a delivery person. The autonomous vehicle drops off the delivery person at designated locations, and the delivery person completes the deliveries (with a capacity constraint) on foot to the final addresses. Once the deliveries are completed, the vehicle picks up the delivery person and travels to the next reloading point. The goal is to decide on a route to serve all customers while minimizing the route completion time. We introduce an integer programming formulation with exponentially many variables and develop a branch-and-price approach. For generating promising columns, we present a tailored pulse algorithm to solve the pricing problem. Furthermore, by leveraging the structural properties of optimal solutions, we carefully design algorithmic enhancements, valid inequalities, and preprocessing steps to improve computational tractability. By conducting computational experiments based on instances derived from real-world data, we demonstrate the positive impact of these components. More importantly, we provide optimal certificates for 426 out of the 450 instances documented in the literature. Among the 100 instances in which driving could be slower than walking, we report solutions for the 40 largest instances for the first time. History: Accepted by David Alderson, Area Editor for Network Optimization. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0177 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0177 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Magnetic resonance frequency shifts in quantum magnetometers based on the phenomenon of the optical orientation of atoms
Authors: Kartoshkin Victor A. 
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. Magnetic resonance frequency shifts caused by spin exchange collisions involving optically oriented alkali atoms in the ground state are studied. Aim of study. Spin-exchange collisions involving optically oriented pairs of alkali atoms of different types are theoretically studied to determine the shifts in the magnetic resonance line frequencies as a function of temperature for various pairs of alkali atoms under various optical orientation conditions in order to determine optimum constraints for the construction of quantum magnetometers with optical pumping using mixtures of alkali atoms. Method. Collisions between optically oriented alkali atoms are analyzed within the framework of quantum scattering theory, and data on the interaction potentials of alkali-atom dimers are used to calculate the scattering phases for collisions involving these potentials and the imaginary parts of the complex spin-exchange cross-section. The resulting cross sections as a function of energy were used to determine the magnetic resonance frequency shifts as a function of temperature. Main results. The magnetic resonance line frequency shifts for the following pairs of alkali atoms were obtained as a function of temperature: 39K−133Cs, 39K−85Rb, and 133Cs−85Rb. The shift in the magnetic resonance line involving the F=1 hyperfine state for a 39K−85Rb alkali-atom pair was found to pass through zero near temperature 480 K. Practical significance. The results obtained in this paper can be used to develop zero-spin-exchange-shift quantum electronic devices based on the optical orientation of atoms. In particular, it is possible to develop co-magnetometers based on the optical orientation of alkali atoms.
Surface-enhanced optical absorption and induced heating in tapered silicon nanoprobes
Authors: Izbasarova Elina A. , Gazizov Almaz R. , Kharintsev Sergey S. 
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. This study investigates the correlation between the heating temperature and the mesoscopic shape of the Si probe of an atomic force microscope subjected to medium-intensity laser irradiation (5mW/cm2) in the presence of a rough metal substrate. Aim of study. This study aims to quantitatively assess the dependence of optical-field enhancement and induced heating of the tip of a tapered Si nanoprobe, under laser irradiation, on the radius of curvature and cone angle of the probe tip, the distance between the tip and substrate, and the surface roughness of an Au substrate. Method. The localization of the electromagnetic field in the gap between a Si nanoantenna and a defect on the surface of an Au substrate was simulated using the finite-difference time-domain method. A thin Au coating (thickness up to 50 nm) on a glass substrate was used as a plasmonic surface. Owing to the excitation of surface plasmon resonance, such a coating enhances the absorption of light and increases the heating temperature of the Si optical antenna. Main results. The influence of the polarization angle of the incident laser radiation on the distribution of the electric field near the tip of the probe was examined. Only the component of the incident light field along the direction of the probe axis was enhanced near the tip of the Si cantilever. The influence of various parameters, including the radius of curvature, cone angle of the tip of the Si nanoantenna, distance between the probe and substrate, and surface roughness of the Au substrate, on the maximum temperature in the tip region of the Si probe was investigated. The probe temperature was found to decrease with decreasing cone angle of the probe, whereas the temperature of the cantilever tip decreased as the cone angle of the probe tip increased. The dependence of temperature on the radius of curvature of the Si nanoantenna tip in the presence of an Au substrate was evaluated. With an increase in the surface roughness of the Au film, the temperature of the Si antenna tip increased, gradually approaching a limit value. Practical significance. The results of this study are useful for selecting the optimal parameters of an experiment in which a heated probe is used. Controlled heating of a Si probe can facilitate the study of phase transitions in various nanomaterials and that of local thermochemical nanocatalysis for creating new structural materials with specific properties.
Development and analysis of a fiber-optic temperature sensor based on a regenerated fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Konnov Dmitriy A. , Kazachkova Irina D. , Konnov Kirill A. , Kulikova Varvara A. , Varzhel Sergey V. 
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. A fiber-optic temperature sensor based on regenerated fiber Bragg gratings is studied. Aim of study. A high-temperature sensor based on a regenerated fiber Bragg grating is developed, and a thermal study of the sensor up to a temperature of 1000°C is performed. Method. The regenerated fiber Bragg grating was produced by annealing a “seed” fiber Bragg grating recorded on SMF-28 hydrogen-loaded optical fiber in a high-temperature muffle furnace at a continuously rising temperature from room temperature to 920°C (the regeneration temperature in the case of SMF-28 fiber). The reflection coefficient of the “seed” grating was as close to 100% as possible, with a structure length of 15 mm. The heating rate was 500 deg/h. Main results. During the work and thermal studies described above, which were performed over a temperature range from +25∘C to +1000∘C with steps of 100°C, a fiber-optic temperature sensor was developed based on a regenerated fiber Bragg grating with a reflectance of about 50% and a temperature sensitivity of 14.9 pm/°C. Practical significance. The proposed method for manufacturing regenerated fiber Bragg gratings enables them to be used as the sensing element in a temperature sensor. The ability to operate at such high temperatures opens up broad potential for application to a wide range of industrial applications (such as gas turbine engines, power plants, steel mills, etc.). This method enables a fiber-optic temperature sensor to be constructed without using additional equipment or materials.
Dependence of the quantum yield of upconversion luminescence emitted by powdered NaYF4:Yb,Er samples on ytterbium-ion content and excitation intensity
Authors: Shurukhina Anna V. , Barinov Dmitriy S. , Zharovov Dmitriy A. , Rudakova Aida V. , Tananaev Petr N. , Yankovskiy Georgiy M. , Baryshev Aleksandr V. , Emeline Aleksey V. , Ryabchuk Vladimir K. 
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. This study investigated a series of powdered NaYF4:Yb,Er samples with varying ytterbium-ion contents. Aim of study. This study aimed to determine the change in the quantum yield of upconversion luminescence exhibited by NaYF4:Yb,Er as a function of the ytterbium-ion content and intensity of excitation by laser irradiation at a wavelength of 975 nm. Method. The quantum yield of upconversion luminescence was determined using a spectrometer and an integrating sphere. Main results. The quantum yield of upconversion luminescence was measured for a series of powdered NaYF4:Yb,Er samples with different ytterbium-ion contents. The optimal ytterbium-ion content, corresponding to the maximum efficiency of upconversion, was found to be 0.4 at%. Practical significance. The results obtained can be applied in optoelectronics, medicine, and the development of laser facilities.
Investigation of YAG/YSZ multilayer ceramics doped with rare earth ions
Authors: Valiev Damir T. , Stepanov Sergey A. , Paygin Vladimir D. , Dvilis Edgar S. , Khasanov Oleg L. , Shevcheko Ivan N. , Deulina Dariya E. 
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. This study focuses on multilayer yttrium aluminum garnet/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YAG/YSZ) ceramics doped with rare earth ions. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to produce luminescent multilayer ceramics composed of YAG:CeO2/YSZ:Eu2O3 with an increased shape factor using the spark plasma sintering technique and to investigate their complex optical-luminescent characteristics, which have potential applications as radiation converters. Method. The functionally graded ceramic samples were fabricated using the spark plasma sintering technique. The morphology and spectral-luminescent properties of the materials were analyzed through electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence spectrometry. Main results. The study demonstrates the feasibility of producing luminescent multilayer ceramics with the YAG:CeO2/YSZ:Eu2O3 composition via the spark plasma sintering technique, achieving an increased shape factor. The dynamics of relative shrinkage were examined, revealing that the sintering parameters (temperature of 1450°C, pre-pressure of 80 MPa, and isothermal exposure duration of 30 min) are sufficient to obtain relatively dense multilayer ceramics of the selected composition. Studies on the spectral characteristics of YAG/YSZ functionally graded ceramics doped with europium and cerium oxides identified the main types of luminescence centers and elucidated the mutual influence of different layers on the luminescent properties. The integrated cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra were consistent with existing theories regarding luminescence centers in YAG and YSZ materials, confirming the success of the sintering process. Practical significance. The comprehensive analysis of YSZ/YAG multilayer ceramics doped with rare earth ions conducted in this study demonstrates their potential use as converters of high-power laser radiation.
A UK survey of young people’s views on condom removal during sex
Authors: Ezzat Farida , Hart Graham , Barrett Geraldine 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Non-consensual condom removal (NCCR) refers to the act of removing a condom during sex without the other person’s permission. It poses physical and psychological risks to women’s health. Views and attitudes regarding this sexual practice are not well understood in the UK. This study aimed to explore young people’s views on the morality and criminality of NCCR and how their views are affected by negative health outcomes, relationship status, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods
A quantitative online survey of people aged 18–25 living in the UK was conducted. The survey consisted of two NCCR scenarios, varied by health outcome and relationship status, followed by questions about the morality and criminality of NCCR and respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis included Chi-square testing and logistic regression modelling.

Results
Most of the 1729 respondents considered NCCR to be a violation of consent to sex (97.4%-98.1%), to be wrong (99.3%-99.5%), and to be sexual assault (86.3%-89.2%). Respondents were more likely to support prison time for NCCR if the victim got pregnant (52.1%) (rather than depressed (41.6%)) or was part of a casual hook-up (53.9%) (as opposed to a long-term dating relationship (47.2%). Respondents who were female or non-heterosexual were more likely to view NCCR as sexual assault and support prison as a penalty for NCCR.

Conclusion
The majority of young UK adults in this survey considered condom removal during sex without the other person’s permission to be a violation of consent, morally wrong, and a form of sexual assault. Support for prison as a penalty was lower. These findings can inform future campaigns on consent in sexual relationships and legislation to provide support for women affected by NCCR.
Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire to determine dietary intakes among Lebanese athletes
Authors: Sannan Nagham , Papazian Tatiana , Issa Zeina , El Helou Nour 
Published: October 2024

Background and objective
Nutrition is a basic need for athletes; thus, adequate dietary intake is crucial for maintaining overall health, facilitating training adaptations and boosting athletic performance. Accurate dietary assessment tools are required to minimize the challenges faced by athletes. This study verifies the validity and reproducibility of a 157 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Lebanese athletes. This is the only Arabic questionnaire in Lebanon that estimates food consumption for athletes which can also be used in Arabic speaking countries. There has been no previous validated food frequency questionnaire that estimated food consumption for athletes in Lebanon.

Methods
A total of 194 athletes were included in the study to assess the validity of the food frequency questionnaire against four days dietary recalls by comparing the total nutrient intake values from the food frequency questionnaire with the mean values of four 24-hour dietary recalls using Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland Altman plots. In order to measure the reproducibility, the intra class correlation coefficients were calculated by repeating the same food frequency questionnaire after one month.

Results
The intra-class correlation coefficient between the two-food frequency questionnaires ranged from average (0.739 for carbohydrates) to good (0.870 for energy (Kcal)), to excellent (0.919 for proteins) concerning macronutrients and ranged from average (0.688 for vitamin D), to excellent (0.952 for vitamin B12), indicating an acceptable reproducibility. Spearman’s correlation coefficients of dietary intake estimate from the food frequency questionnaire and the four dietary recalls varied between 0.304 for sodium, 0.469 for magnesium to 0.953 for caloric intake (kcal). Bland-Altman plots illustrated a percentage of agreement ranging between 94.3% for fats to 96.4% for proteins.

Conclusion
This food frequency questionnaire has a reliable validity and reproducibility to evaluate dietary assessments and is an appropriate tool for future interventions to ensure the adoption of adequate eating strategies by athletes.
THE AUSTRIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY BEFORE AND AFTER EU MEMBERSHIP
Authors: HASCHKA J. 
Published: October 2024

Having conformed with the membership requirements, and following the referendum on June 12, 1994, Austria joined the EU on January 1, 1995; five years after the initial application. Although membership may have overall advantages, it represents the greatest change and challenge for Austrian agriculture - particularly the dairy industry - in this century. The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire in 1918 demanded a change of approach for the dairy sector. With state help, expansion in the 1920’s was such that the milk industry become over extended and the producer price for milk plummeted. The situation led to the founding in 1931 of the Milchwirtschaftsfond (a form of Milk Marketing Board), which regulated prices and managed a compensation system linked to transport costs. Specific regions (so called catchment and service areas) were allocated to dairies, and butter production was supported at the cost of the fresh milk products. The system as it stood at the beginning of the 1960’s remained in place until 1994. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the state of the industry immediately before membership with the state today shows radical changes in industry structures, prices and products developments - with appropriate implications for milk producers, dairies and consumers.
UČINEK SILIRNEGA DODATKA PLANTANAZE<sup>®</sup> NA KEMIČNO SESTAVO IN <i>IN VITRO</i> PREBAVLJIVOST NEOVELE TRAVNE SILAŽE
Authors: BABNIK D. , STEKAR Jasna M.A. , VERBIČ Jože , MALENŠEK Alenka 
Published: October 2024

V laboratorijskih silosih smo testirali učinek silirnega dodatka Plantanaze® , ki vsebuje mlečnokislinske bakterije (L. plantarum, P. pentosaceus) in celulolitične encime, na kemično sestavo in in vitro prebavljivost neovele travne silaže. Silosi so bili odprti po 271 dneh. Silaža z dodatkom Plantanaze® je vsebovala v primerjavi s kontrolo več sladkorjev (32 vs. 11 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05) ter manj surove vlaknine (284 vs. 295 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05), celuloze (312 vs. 318 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05) in ADF (352 vs. 358 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05). Vsebnost surovih beljakovin, pepela, ADL, NDL in hemiceluloz se niso značilno razlikovale. In vitro prebavljivost OS po Tilleyu in Terryu (1963) je bila pri silaži s Plantanaze® neznačilno večja (65,6%) kakor pri kontroli (64,7%). Neznačilno večja je bila tudi prebavljivost OS, ki smo jo ocenili na osnovi kemične sestave in količine plina pri in vitro inkubaciji vzorcev z vampnim sokom (63,0% vs. 62,2%). Zaradi manjših izgub mase (4,45 vs. 6,97 kg t-1 silirane krme, p< 0,001) in nekoliko vešje koncentracije NEL (5,01 vs. 4,93 MJ kg-1 SS) je bila izguba NEL pri silaži z dodatkom Plantanaze® manjša (3,8 MJ NEL t-1 silirane krme) kakor pri silaži brez silirnega dodatka (62,0 MJ NEL t-1 silirane krme).
DETECTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL LACTIC ACID STARTER CULTURES
Authors: ROGELJ Irena , BOGOVIČ-MATIJAŠIĆ Bojana , ČANŽEK Andreja 
Published: October 2024

Twenty-one commercial starter cultures were tested for their antibacterial activity against 24 indicator bacteria. Specter of antimicrobial activity and probable presence of bacteriocin-like substances were detected with direct agar spot method. Thirteen of 21 tested commercial starter cultures have shown antibacterial activity against indicator bacteria, while the production of bacteriocin-like substance was found with starter cultures MSK B2, LA-CH-5, L. acid. 145 and MSK/V10. In cell-free supernatant no bacteriocin-like activity was detected. Strains of starter cultures BB 12, L. casei 01, LA-CH-5, L. casei R, MSK/V10 (L. acidophilus) were resistant at pH 2 - 5 and bile salts concentration 0,1% - 1,5%. The most promising as protective cultures or dietary adjuncts are among starter cultures tested L.casei 01, BB12, LA-CH-5, L.casei R, L.acid 145, MSK B2 and MSK/V10.
UGOTAVLJANJE PRISOTNOSTI BAKTERIJE <i>Bacillus cereus</i> V MLEKU IN MLEČNIH IZDELKIH
Authors: GODIČ-TORKAR Karmen 
Published: October 2024

Ugotavljali smo prisotnost aerobnih sporotvornih bakterij vrste Bacillus cereus v mleku in mlečnih izdelkih. Bakterijske seve smo izolirali in identificirali z uporabo selektivnega gojišča PEMBA, z metodo najbolj verjetnega števila (MPN), s postopkom barvanja spor in intercelularnih maščobnih kroglic v celicah mikroskopskega preparata, z dokazovanjem hemolitične aktivnosti, premičnosti v trdnem gojišču ter z razgradnjo glukoze v anaerobnih pogojih. V obdobju od decembra do junija smo analizirali 141 vzorcev pasteriziranega konzumnega mleka z 1,6, 3,2 in 3,6% mlečne maščobe, pasterizirane sladke smetane, skute, pudinga, sladoleda, mlečnega prahu, sterilnega mleka z 1,6 in 3,2% mlečne maščobe ter sterilne sladke smetane. Bacillus cereus je bil prisoten v 46,8% vzorcev in v 38,3% ponovno pasteriziranih vzorcev. Mlečni prah je bil kontaminiran stoodstotno, 64,0% je bilo pozitivnih vzorcev pasterizirane sladke smetane 62,5% skute in sladoleda, 35,0 do 50,0% vzorcev pasteriziranega mleka in 44,4% vzorcev pudinga. Bacillus cereus smo našli tudi v 15,0% sterilnega mleka in sterilne sladke smetane. V pudingu je bilo v povprečju največje število bakterijskih celic (55,4 kolonije tvorečih enot v ml vzorca), medtem ko jih je bilo v pasteriziranem mleku le 0,08 do 0,33 v ml. Značilno je bilo sezonsko nihanje pojavljanja proučevane bakterije z vrhovoma v decembru in januarju ter v maju in juniju. Odvisnosti med prisotnostjo vrste Bacillus cereus, skupnim številom, številom sporotvornih in psihrotrofnih mikroorganizmov nismo ugotovili.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF YOGHURT
Authors: BARUT M. , TORRIANO G. , ŽUMER M. 
Published: October 2024

Shear stress transients at six different constant shear rates, ranging from 30 to 300 s-1 and three selected temperatures (4, 12 and 20 °C) were measured as a function of the shearing time for a whole-milk and a low-fat yoghurt. A Couette-type rotational rheometer was used. The transients showed a highly time-dependent rheological behaviour for both yoghurts and were described with a stretched exponential equation. A characteristic time tc and a structural parameter L for the structural break-down magnitude were defined to compare the behaviours of two yoghurts under different conditions. The data base so obtained was then used to construct a mathematical model for describing the irreversible degradation of yoghurt under shear based on the phenomenological approach of Cheng and Evans. From the results it could be concluded that the whole-milk yoghurt had a dense structure which was, however, more easily broken down by shear forces in comparison with the less developed but more resistant structure of the low-fat yoghurt.
Auf dem Weg zum gemeinsamen europäischen Kulturraum
Authors: Saur Klaus G. 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der wirtschaftliche Zusammenbruch der Länder des ehemaligen Ostblocks führte zur grotesken Situation, dass die große Chance der freien Information wegen fehlender Mittel nicht genutzt werden konnte. Durch Förderprogramme insbesondere der Bundesregierung, großzügige Rabattierung der Verlage und enge Zusammenarbeit mit den Bibliotheken konnten wesentliche Schritte unternommen werden, um diesen Zustand zu überwinden.