bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild chimpanzees modify modality of gestures according to the strength of social bonds and personal network size
Authors: Roberts Anna Ilona , Roberts Sam George Bradley 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrimates form strong and enduring social bonds with others and these bonds have important fitness consequences. However, how different types of communication are associated with different types of social bonds is poorly understood. Wild chimpanzees have a large repertoire of gestures, from visual gestures to tactile and auditory gestures. We used social network analysis to examine the association between proximity bonds (time spent in close proximity) and rates of gestural communication in pairs of chimpanzees when the intended recipient was within 10 m of the signaller. Pairs of chimpanzees with strong proximity bonds had higher rates of visual gestures, but lower rates of auditory long-range and tactile gestures. However, individual chimpanzees that had a larger number of proximity bonds had higher rates of auditory and tactile gestures and lower rates of visual gestures. These results suggest that visual gestures may be an efficient way to communicate with a small number of regular interaction partners, but that tactile and auditory gestures may be more effective at communicating with larger numbers of weaker bonds. Increasing flexibility of communication may have played an important role in managing differentiated social relationships in groups of increasing size and complexity in both primate and human evolution.
Renal Denervation vs. Spironolactone in Resistant Hypertension: Effects on Circadian Patterns and Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: de la Sierra Alejandro , Pareja Julia , Armario Pedro , Barrera Ángela , Yun Sergi , Vázquez Susana , Sans Laia , Pascual Julio , Oliveras Anna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Sympathetic renal denervation (SRD) has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative for patients with resistant hypertension not controlled on pharmacological therapy. Two studies have suggested an effect of SRD in reducing short-term blood pressure variability (BPV). However, this has not been addressed in a randomized comparative trial. We aimed to compare the effects of spironolactone and SRD on circadian BP and BPV.

METHODS
This is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial in 24 true resistant hypertensive patients (15 men, 9 women; mean age 64 years) comparing 50mg of spironolactone (n = 13) vs. SRD (n = 11) on 24-hour BP. We report here the comparative effects on daytime (8 am–10 pm) and nighttime (0 am–6 am) BP, night-to-day ratios and BP and heart rate variabilities (SD and coefficient of variation of 24-hour, day and night, as well as weighted SD and average real variability (ARV)).

RESULTS
Spironolactone was more effective than SRD in reducing daytime systolic (P = 0.006), daytime diastolic (P = 0.006), and nighttime systolic (P = 0.050) BP. No differences were observed in the night-to-day ratios. In contrast, SRD-reduced diastolic BPV (24 hours, daytime, nighttime, weighted, and ARV; all P &lt; 0.05) with respect to spironolactone, without significant differences in systolic BPV.

CONCLUSION
Spironolactone is more effective than SRD in reducing ambulatory BP. However, BPV is significantly more reduced with SRD. This effect could be important in terms of potential prevention beyond BP reduction and deserves further investigation.
Characterization of absorption and non-linear effects in infrasound propagation using an augmented Burgers’ equation
Authors: Sabatini R. , Bailly C. , Marsden O. , Gainville O. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The long-range atmospheric propagation of explosion-like waves of frequency in the infrasound range is investigated using non-linear ray theory. Simulations are performed for sources of increasing amplitude on rays up to the lower thermosphere and for distances of hundreds of kilometres. A study of the attenuation of the waveforms observed at ground level induced by both the classical mechanisms and the vibrational relaxation of the molecules comprising the atmospheric gas is carried out. The relative importance of classical absorption and vibrational relaxation along the typical atmospheric propagation trajectories is assessed. Non-linear effects are highlighted as well and particular emphasis is placed on their strong interaction with absorption phenomena. A detailed description of the propagation model and of the numerical algorithm used in this work is first reported. Results are then discussed and the importance of the different mechanisms is clarified.
Creating 21st-Century Laboratories and Classrooms for Improving Population Health: A Call to Action for Academic Medical Centers
Authors: DeVoe Jennifer E. , Likumahuwa-Ackman Sonja , Shannon Jackilen , Steiner Hayward Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

Academic medical centers (AMCs) in the United States built world-class infrastructure to successfully combat disease in the 20th century, which is inadequate for the complexity of sustaining and improving population health. AMCs must now build first-rate 21st-century infrastructure to connect combating disease and promoting health. This infrastructure must acknowledge the bio-psycho-social-environmental factors impacting health and will need to reach far beyond the AMC walls to foster community “laboratories” that support the “science of health,” complementary to those supporting the “science of medicine”; cultivate community “classrooms” to stimulate learning and discovery in the places where people live, work, and play; and strengthen bridges between academic centers and these community laboratories and classrooms to facilitate bidirectional teaching, learning, innovation, and discovery.
Private and public entities made deep financial investments that contributed to the AMC disease-centered approach to clinical care, education, and research in the 20th century. Many of these same funders now recognize the need to transform U.S. health care into a system that is accountable for population health and the need for a medical workforce equipped with the skills to measure and improve health. Innovative ideas about communities as centers of learning, the importance of social factors as major determinants of health, and the need for multidisciplinary perspectives to solve complex problems are not new; many are 20th-century ideas still waiting to be fully implemented. The window of opportunity is now. The authors articulate how AMCs must take bigger and bolder steps to become leaders in population health.
Efficacy of the Additional Use of Ripasudil, a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Glaucoma Inadequately Controlled Under Maximum Medical Therapy
Authors: Inazaki Hiroshi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Anzai Yoko , Satoh Hisayoshi , Sato Shimpei , Inoue Maiko , Yamane Shin , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect and tolerability of ripasudil, a rho-kinase inhibitor, in patients with glaucoma inadequately controlled with maximum medical therapy.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series study included 35 patients with primary open angle glaucoma, in whom the glaucoma was poorly controlled with maximum medical therapy before starting the treatment with ripasudil. Ripasudil was instilled twice a day as adjunctive therapy to the ongoing glaucoma treatment. The primary end point was the degree of IOP reduction after 3 months of treatment, whereas the secondary end points were the percentage of patients reaching the predefined target IOP and the incidence of adverse events.

Results:
We examined 35 eyes of 35 patients with primary open angle glaucoma. The IOP reduction (relative percentage IOP reduction) from baseline was −2.8 mm Hg (−15.5%; 95% confidence interval, −1.6 to −3.9 mm Hg; P<0.001) after 3 months of treatment. The predefined target IOP was achieved in 48.5% (17/35) of the patients. The adverse events were conjunctival hyperemia (all patients), allergic conjunctivitis (2 patients), and ophthalmalgia (1 patient).

Conclusions:
The addition of ripasudil was effective in lowering the IOP in patients with glaucoma poorly controlled with maximal medical therapy; moreover, the drug was well tolerated. In 48.5% of the patients in whom the predefined target IOP was achieved, this adjunctive therapy helped avoid glaucoma surgery at least in the short term.
HDL infusion for the management of atherosclerosis: current developments and new directions
Authors: Zheng Kang H. , Stroes Erik S.G. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Because human genetic studies and large clinical trials have demonstrated that HDL-cholesterol levels are not causally related to cardiovascular disease risk, attention has shifted toward the functional properties of HDL. Infusion of HDL mimetics containing apolipoprotein A-I remains a potential strategy to exploit the atheroprotective effects of HDL.

Recent findings
Three HDL mimetic drugs are under development and currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Upon infusion, these drugs increase cholesterol efflux capacity. Although proof-of-concept studies are promising, large outcome studies are awaited. Alternatively, HDL particles may be used for targeted drug delivery in a nanomedicine approach. Finally, links between cholesterol efflux and myelopoeisis may prove to be a target for HDL infusion in the future.

Summary
Clinical studies are currently ongoing to evaluate the potential of several HDL mimetic drugs. Novel nanomedicinal approaches and emerging pathophysiological insights may further expand the relevance of HDL infusion.
Neuroplasticity of language in left-hemisphere stroke: evidence linking subsecond electrophysiology and structural connections
Authors: Piai Vitória , Meyer Lars , Dronkers Nina F. , Knight Robert T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOur understanding of neuroplasticity following stroke is predominantly based on neuroimaging measures that cannot address the subsecond neurodynamics of impaired language processing. We combined behavioral and electrophysiological measures and structural-connectivity estimates to characterize neuroplasticity underlying successful compensation of language abilities after left-hemispheric stroke. We recorded the electroencephalogram from patients with stroke lesions to the left temporal lobe and matched controls during context-driven word retrieval. Participants heard lead-in sentences that either constrained the final word (“He locked the door with the”) or not (“She walked in here with the”). The last word was shown as a picture to be named. We conducted individual-participant analyses and focused on oscillatory power as a subsecond indicator of a brain region's functional neurophysiological computations. All participants named pictures faster following constrained than unconstrained sentences, except for two patients, who had extensive damage to the left temporal lobe. Left-lateralized alpha-beta oscillatory power decreased in controls pre-picture presentation for constrained relative to unconstrained contexts. In patients, the alpha-beta power decreases were observed with the same time course as in controls but were lateralized to the intact right hemisphere. The right lateralization depended on the probability of white-matter connections between the bilateral temporal lobes. The two patients who performed poorly behaviorally showed no alpha-beta power decreases. Our findings suggest that incorporating direct measures of neural activity into investigations of neuroplasticity can provide important neural markers to help predict language recovery, assess the progress of neurorehabilitation, and delineate targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.
Chromatin Landscapes and Genetic Risk For Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Zhu Lisha , Jiang Kaiyu , Webber Karstin , Wong Laiping , Liu Tao , Chen Yanmin , Jarvis James N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is considered to be an autoimmune disease mediated by interactions between genes and the environment. To gain a better understanding of the cellular basis for genetic risk, we studied known JIA genetic risk loci, the majority of which are located in non-coding regions, in human neutrophils and CD4 primary T cells to identify genes and functional elements located within those risk loci. We analyzed RNA-Seq data, H3K27ac and H3K4me1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data, and previously published chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) data to characterize the chromatin landscapes within the know JIA-associated risk loci. In both neutrophils and primary CD4+ T cells, the majority of the JIA-associated LD blocks contained H3K27ac and/or H3K4me1 marks. These LD blocks were also binding sites for a small group of transcription factors, particularly in neutrophils. Furthermore, these regions showed abundant intronic and intergenic transcription in neutrophils. In neutrophils, none of the genes that were differentially expressed between untreated JIA patients and healthy children was located within the JIA risk LD blocks. In CD4+ T cells, multiple genes, including HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB2, TRAF1, and IRF1 were associated with the long-distance interacting regions within the LD regions as determined from ChIA-PET data. These findings suggest that aberrant transcriptional control is the underlying pathogenic mechanism in JIA. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the challenges of identifying the actual causal variants within complex genomic/chromatin landscapes.
Quorum sensing integrates environmental cues, cell density and cell history to control bacterial competence
Authors: Moreno-Gámez Stefany , Sorg Robin A. , Domenech Arnau , Kjos Morten , Weissing Franz J. , van Doorn G. Sander , Veening Jan-Willem 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniaebecomes competent for genetic transformation when exposed to an autoinducer peptide named CSP. This peptide was originally described as a quorum-sensing (QS) signal, enabling individual cells to regulate competence in response to population density. However, recent studies suggest that CSP may instead serve as a probe for sensing environmental cues, such as antibiotic stress or environmental diffusion. Here, we show that competence induction can be simultaneously influenced by cell density, external pH, antibiotic-induced stress and cell history. Our experimental data is explained by a mathematical model where the environment and cell history modify how cells produce or sense CSP. Taken together, model and experiments indicate that autoinducer concentration can function as an indicator of cell density across environmental conditions, while also incorporating information on environmental factors or cell history, allowing cells to integrate cues such as antibiotic stress into their QS response. This unifying perspective may apply to other debated QS systems.
Industrial relations (IR) changes in China: a foreign employer’s perspective
Authors: Chung Sun Wook 
Published: September 2016

PurposeAlthough studies on Chinese industrial relations (IR) have examined topics such as unionization and collective bargaining, little is known about employers’ reactions to recent IR changes. In particular, researchers have not thoroughly considered foreign employers’ labor relations strategies. Amidst this background, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how a foreign employer perceives and responds to the recent IR changes in China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducted an exploratory, inductive study of the Chinese subsidiary of one multinational corporation. The data were collected through the author’s extensive fieldwork at its headquarters and Chinese subsidiary.FindingsThis paper shows that the union of a foreign firm in China serves three major functions – a collective voice, a monopoly, and an external affairs function – and that the firm’s interpretation of these functions has changed within China’s dynamic IR environment. Further, this paper finds that an employer has initiated its own compliance strategies, such as forming a friendly union, decoupling the union’s functions, de-collectivizing employment relations through effective HR practices and stricter policies, and scaling down in size to reduce administrative burden.Originality/valueBy introducing an employer perspective regarding recent IR changes, this paper provides a nuanced understanding of unionization and collective bargaining implementation in China. In addition, this paper identifies an emerging pattern of employer perception and response in China, highlighting unique features that have not been addressed in the existing literature on employers’ anti-union behavior. This study’s contributions also facilitate further research encompassing different contexts.
Discussing employability: current perspectives and key elements from a bioecological model
Authors: Llinares Insa Lucia Inmaculada , Zacarés González Juan Jose , Córdoba Iñesta Ana Isabel 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of employability. It reviews and systematizes the two main current perspectives about employability, the individual and the critical. The individual perspective is dominant and currently determines the term; its basic premise is that an individual is responsible for his/her socio-professional career. By contrast, the critical perspective deconstructs the former concept and analyzes its role in maintaining the status quo.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a review of literature about employability this paper analyses the different conceptions and the consequences of the assumption of each perspective nowadays.

Findings
This paper provides an analytical framework of all the key elements involved in the notion of employability based upon the bioecological model (Bronfenbrenner and Morris, 2006). This model offers a vision that encompasses the different explanatory elements of the employability concept.

Originality/value
The ultimate goal of this paper is to rekindle the debate on employability and to do so, it is necessary to explore the origins of the concept, the contexts it affects, who it benefits and, conversely, who it jeopardizes.
Definitive superparamagnetic source identification through spatial, temporal, and amplitude analysis of airborne electromagnetic data
Authors: Macnae James 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to add confidence to existing methods using decay shape analysis to detect superparamagnetic responses in airborne electromagnetic data. While expensive to acquire, vertical spatial gradient measurements of the electromagnetic signals can discriminate near‐surface superparamagnetic sources. This research investigated the use of horizontal spatial gradients and amplitude information as further indicators of superparamagnetic. High horizontal gradients were shown both theoretically and in field data to help discriminate superparamagnetic from deep mineral targets. Further, superparamagnetic responses have characteristically small amplitudes inconsistent with realistic mineral exploration targets at shallow depths.
Effect of obesity on sperm retrieval outcome and reproductive hormone levels in Japanese azoospermic men with and without Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Iwatsuki S. , Sasaki S. , Taguchi K. , Hamakawa T. , Mizuno K. , Okada A. , Kubota Y. , Umemoto Y. , Hayashi Y. , Yasui T. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObesity is reported to have adverse effects on semen quality and the endocrine system. In this study, we evaluated the effect of obesity on sperm retrieval outcome and reproductive hormone levels in Japanese men with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA). This study is based on the clinical records of 217 men [172 with a 46,XY karyotype, 45 with Klinefelter syndrome (KS)] with NOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction at Nagoya City University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2014. Body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and total testosterone (TT) were measured in all patients. In a subset of patients, bioavailable testosterone (cBAT) also was calculated. Values were evaluated separately in patients with and without KS. Sperm retrieval rates (SRRs) in 46,XY men with a BMI <25 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2 were 29.3% and 18.4%, respectively (p = 0.142), while SRRs in KS men with a BMI <25 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2 were 25.0% and 35.3%, respectively (p = 0.460). TT level in men with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was lower than that in men with a BMI <25 kg/m2, regardless of KS status. According to Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients, TT and cBAT levels tended to have negative correlations with BMI; however, statistical significance was observed only for TT level in 46,XY men (r = 0.340, p < 0.001). LH and FSH levels were negatively correlated with BMI in KS men (r = −0.466, p = 0.001 and r = −0.647, p < 0.001, respectively), but not in 46,XY men. These results suggest that obesity may be irrelevant to sperm retrieval outcome in patients with NOA. The negative correlations between gonadotropins and BMI in patients with KS suggest an underlying suppressive effect on gonadotropin excretion, which is distinctive in obese patients with KS.
Absolute bioavailability and safety of a novel rivastigmine nasal spray in healthy elderly individuals
Authors: Morgan Timothy M. , Soh Bob 
Published: September 2016

AimsTo test the feasibility of a novel rivastigmine nasal spray as prospective treatment for dementia.MethodsA single dose, crossover absolute bioavailability and safety study was conducted with rivastigmine intravenous solution (1 mg) and nasal spray (3.126 mg) in eight healthy elderly individuals, aged 58–75 years.ResultsAbsolute bioavailability (F) of the nasal spray was significant at 0.62 (0.15) for F > 0 (P < 0.001, n = 8). The systemic dose absorbed was 2.0 (0.6) mg, time to maximum plasma concentration was 1.1 (0.5) h and maximum plasma concentration was 6.9 (2.0) ng ml−1. The NAP226–90 to rivastigmine AUC0–∞ ratio was 0.78 (0.19). The single dose safety was good with two of five mild adverse events related to the nasal spray. Nasal and throat irritation were perceived as mild and transient, and both had resolved at 20 min post‐nasal dose. An estimated dose of two or three sprays twice‐daily with nasal spray would deliver comparable rivastigmine exposure and efficacy as a 6–9.7 mg day–1 oral dose and a 10 cm2 transdermal patch, respectively.ConclusionsThe rivastigmine nasal spray had superior absolute bioavailability compared to historical values for oral capsule and transdermal patch determined by other researchers. It had rapid onset of action, low NAP226–90 to rivastigmine exposure ratio and a favourable safety and tolerability profile. The ability to achieve adjustable, individual, twice‐daily dosing during waking hours has good potential to minimise undesirable cholinergic burden and sleep disturbances whilst delivering an effective dose for the treatment of dementia associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.