bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative Treatments in the Management of Acute Painful Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Alimy Assil-Ramin , Anastasilakis Athanasios D. , Carey John J. , D’Oronzo Stella , Naciu Anda M. , Paccou Julien , Yavropoulou Maria P. , Lems Willem F. , Rolvien Tim 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceOsteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) frequently cause substantial pain and reduced mobility, posing a major health problem. Despite the critical need for effective pain management to restore functionality and improve patient outcomes, the value of various conservative treatments for acute VCF has not been systematically investigated.ObjectiveTo assess and compare different conservative treatment options in managing acute pain related to VCF.Data SourcesOn May 16, 2023, 4 databases—PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL—were searched. In addition, a gray literature search within Scopus and Embase was also conducted.Study SelectionIncluded studies were prospective comparative and randomized clinical trials that assessed conservative treatments for acute VCF.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction and synthesis were performed by 2 authors according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Network Meta-Analyses recommendations. A frequentist graph-theoretical model and a random-effects model were applied for the meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were short-term (4 weeks) pain during activity and long-term (latest available follow-up) nonspecified pain in patients with acute VCF.ResultsThe study included 20 trials, encompassing 2102 patients, and evaluated various interventions for managing VCF. Calcitonin (standardized mean difference [SMD], −4.86; 95% CI, −6.87 to −2.86) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; SMD, −3.94; 95% CI, −7.30 to −0.58) were beneficial regarding short-term pain during activity compared with placebo. For long-term nonspecific pain management, bisphosphonates were associated with inferior pain outcomes compared with daily (SMD, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.11 to 2.31) or weekly (SMD, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.05 to 2.21) administration of teriparatide, with no treatment being superior to NSAIDs. The qualitative analysis of adverse events highlighted that typical adverse events associated with these medications were observed.Conclusions and RelevanceNSAIDs and teriparatide may be the preferred treatment options for pain management in acute osteoporotic VCF. Although calcitonin also proved to be beneficial, its safety profile and potential adverse effects restrict its widespread application. The limited evidence on braces and analgesics underscores the urgent need for future research.
Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Antimicrobial Use for Acute Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: Abelenda-Alonso Gabriela , Satorra Pau , Marí-Dell’Olmo Marc , Tebé Cristian , Padullés Ariadna , Vergara Andrea , Gudiol Carlota , Pujol Miquel , Carratalà Jordi 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAmbient air pollution and antimicrobial resistance pose significant global public health challenges. It is not known whether ambient air pollution is associated with increased consumption of antimicrobials.ObjectiveTo assess whether a short-term association exists between ambient air pollution levels and antimicrobial consumption among the general population seeking primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 2-stage cross-sectional ecological time series analysis study using data on daily ambient air pollution and antimicrobial consumption was conducted in the 11 largest cities in Catalonia, Spain, from June 23, 2012, to December 31, 2019, among all inhabitants aged 12 years or older. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2022 to December 2023.ExposuresDaily ambient air pollution (particulate matter of 10 μg/m3 [PM10], particulate matter of 2.5 μg/m3 [PM2.5], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was antimicrobial consumption associated with primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms in the 30 days before and after the dispensing of the antimicrobial. Antimicrobial consumption was measured as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day.ResultsAmong 1 938 333 inhabitants (median age, 48 years [IQR, 34-65 years]; 55% female participants), there were 8 421 404 antimicrobial dispensations, with a median of 12.26 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (IQR, 6.03-15.32 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day). The median adjusted morbidity score was 2.0 (IQR, 1.0-5.0). For the 1 924 814 antimicrobial dispensations associated with primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms, there was a significant correlation between increases of 10 μg/m3 in the concentration of the 3 pollutants studied and heightened antimicrobial consumption at day 0 (PM10: relative risk [RR], 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02]; PM2.5: RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.04]; NO2: RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.03-1.05]). A delayed association emerged between increases in PM2.5 concentration and antimicrobial consumption between day 7 (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]) and day 10 (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]) after exposure.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this 2-stage cross-sectional study using ecological time series analysis, short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased antimicrobial use associated with primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms in the general population. This finding could contribute to informing policy decisions aimed at reducing air pollution and its associated risks, thereby promoting respiratory health and reducing antimicrobial use.
A prognostic nomogram for T3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing radical surgery based on computed tomography radiomics and inflammatory nutritional biomarkers
Authors: Ma Hui , Liu Yangchen , Ye Hongxun , Gao Fei , Qin Songbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study explores the significance of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features, along with inflammation and nutrition biomarkers, in the prognosis of postoperative patients with T3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The study aims to construct a related nomogram.MethodsA total of 114 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. Radiomic features were extracted from their preoperative chest‐enhanced CT arterial images of the primary tumor, and inflammatory and nutritional indices, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), were calculated based on laboratory data from the 3 days before surgery. Intra‐class correlations coefficient (ICC) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) were applied to screen valuable radiomics features predicting overall survival (OS), and the Rad‐score was calculated. In the training cohort, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified independent prognostic factors, which were adopted to establish the nomogram.ResultsEight radiomic features were selected for Rad‐score calculation. Multivariate Cox regression revealed Rad‐score, PNI, NLR, and PLR as independent prognostic factors for ESCC patients (p < 0.05). A nomogram was constructed based on these variables. The concordance index (C‐index) for the nomogram was 0.797 (95% CI: 0.726–0.868) in the training cohort and 0.796 (95% CI: 0.702–0.890) in the validation cohort. Calibration curves indicated good calibration ability, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated superior discriminative ability for the nomogram in comparison to the Rad‐score alone. Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.ConclusionWe developed and validated a nomogram for predicting the OS of postoperative T3N0M0 ESCC patients, integrating nutritional, inflammatory markers, and radiomic signature. The combined nomogram can serve as a robust tool for risk stratification and clinical management.
Crowds Improve Human Detection of AI‐Synthesised Faces
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S. , Cartledge Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence can now synthesise face images which people cannot distinguish from real faces. Here, we investigated the wisdom of the (outer) crowd (averaging individuals' responses to the same trial) and inner crowd (averaging the same individual's responses to the same trial after completing the test twice) as routes to increased performance. In Experiment 1, participants viewed synthetic and real faces, and rated whether they thought each face was synthetic or real using a 1–7 scale. Each participant completed the task twice. Inner crowds showed little benefit over individual responses, and we found no associations between performance and personality factors. However, we found increases in performance with increasing sizes of outer crowd. In Experiment 2, participants judged each face only once, providing a binary ‘synthetic/real’ response, along with a confidence rating and an estimate of the percentage of other participants that they thought agreed with their answer. We compared three methods of aggregation for outer crowd decisions, finding that the majority vote provided the best performance for small crowds. However, the ‘surprisingly popular’ solution outperformed the majority vote and the confidence‐weighted approach for larger crowds. Taken together, we demonstrate the use of outer crowds as a robust method of improvement during synthetic face detection, comparable with previous approaches based on training interventions.
Rethinking Digital Construction: A Collaborative Future of Humans, Machines and Craft
Authors: Mitterberger Daniela , Dörfler Kathrin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe vast majority of construction industry processes are labour intensive, and often fraught with errors due to non‐exact assembly tolerances and dimensions. Digital fabrication can mitigate or remove the potential of these anomalies occurring by negating or reducing human site‐participation. But there is another side to the digital fabrication coin – the transition to more automated processes will liberate humans to become more collaborative and creative with machines both virtual and actual. Daniela Mitterberger, an Assistant Professor at Princeton University School of Architecture, and Kathrin Dörfler, Assistant Professor of Digital Fabrication at the Department of Architecture at the Technical University of Munich, highlight the evolving advantages of these new relationships.
Lubricated Surface in a Vertical Double‐Sided Architecture for Radiative Cooling and Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Siddiqui Abdul Rahim , Yang Kaijie , Zhou Ming , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Hardian Rifan , Szekely Gyorgy , Daniel Dan , Yang Shu , Gan Qiaoqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadiative cooling significantly lowers condenser temperatures below ambient levels, enabling atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) without additional energy. However, traditional sky‐facing condensers have low cooling power density, and water droplets remain pinned on surface, requiring active condensate collection. To overcome these challenges, a lubricated surface (LS) coating—consisting of highly scalable polydimethylsiloxane elastomer lubricated with silicone oil—is introduced on the condenser side in a vertical double‐sided architecture. The design not only effectively doubles the local cooling power, but also eliminates contact‐line pinning, enabling passive, gravity‐driven collection of water. Robust AWH is demonstrated from a 30 × 30 cm2 sample in outdoor environments (of varying humidity levels and wind speeds in different months) and with no artificial flow of humidified air. In one outdoor test, the passive water collection rate of LS coating reaches 21 g m−2 h−1 double that on superhydrophobic surface, 10 g m−2 h−1. In indoor testing (20 °C and 80% relative humidity), this system achieves a condensation rate ≈87% of the theoretical limit with up to 90% of the total condensate passively collected. this approach achieves effective AWH in a decentralized approach that removes the need for piping infrastructure and external energy input.
Advances in the Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Nonoxygenated Added‐Value Chemicals
Authors: Yao Xueli , Li Teng , Chung Sang‐Ho , Ruiz‐Martínez Javier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven that ethanol can be obtained from abundant biomass resources (e.g., crops, sugarcane, cellulose, and algae), waste, and CO2, its conversion into value‐added chemicals holds promise for the sustainable production of high‐demand chemical commodities. Nonoxygenated chemicals, including light olefins, 1,3‐butadiene, aromatics, and gasoline, are some of the most important of these commodities, substantially contributing to modern lifestyles. Despite the industrial implementation of some ethanol‐to‐hydrocarbons processes, several fundamental questions and technological challenges remain unaddressed. In addition, the utilization of ethanol as an intermediate provides new opportunities for the direct valorization of CO and CO2. Herein, the recent advances in the design of ethanol conversion catalysts are summarized, providing mechanistic insights into the corresponding reactions and catalyst deactivation, and discussing the related future research directions, including the exploitation of active site proximity to achieve better synergistic effects for reactions involving ethanol.
Complex Deformation in Soft Cylindrical Structures via Programmable Sequential Instabilities
Authors: Yang Yi , Read Helen , Sbai Mohammed , Zareei Ahmad , Forte Antonio Elia , Melancon David , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe substantial deformation exhibited by hyperelastic cylindrical shells under pressurization makes them an ideal platform for programmable inflatable structures. If negative pressure is applied, the cylindrical shell will buckle, leading to a sequence of rich deformation modes, all of which are fully recoverable due to the hyperelastic material choice. While the initial buckling event under vacuum is well understood, here, the post‐buckling regime is explored and a region in the design space is identified in which a coupled twisting‐contraction deformation mode occurs; by carefully controlling the geometry of our homogeneous shells, the proportion of contraction versus twist can be controlled. Additionally, bending as a post‐buckling deformation mode can be unlocked by varying the thickness of our shells across the circumference. Since these soft shells can fully recover from substantial deformations caused by buckling, then these instability‐driven deformations are harnessed to build soft machines capable of a programmable sequence of movements with a single actuation input.
Stable Cycling of Na Metal Batteries at Ultrahigh Capacity
Authors: Wang Huwei , Wang Jiali , Li Wei , Hu Junyang , Dong Jiahui , Zhai Dengyun , Kang Feiyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of sodium metal batteries has long been impeded by dendrite formation issues. State‐of‐the‐art strategies, exemplified by sodiophilic hosting/seeding layers, have demonstrated great success in suppressing dendrite formation. However, addressing high‐capacity applications (>10 mAh cm−2) remains a significant challenge. Herein, the study revisits the interlayer strategy by simply covering a carbon nanotube (CNT) film onto the surface of a sodium metal anode, unlocking its overlooked potential for ultrahigh capacity applications. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the interlayer's fast‐ion‐storage feature, enabling deposition at the interface without capacity limitations. Consequently, in symmetric cells, one‐year long‐term reversible cycling and a record‐high capacity of 50 mAh cm−2 under 90% depth of discharge is achieved, representing a significant breakthrough for stabilizing Na anode. Furthermore, the full cell with a 50‐µm thin metal anode and a high‐loading Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode (12 mg cm−2) delivers a stable capacity of 94 mAh g−1 for 270 cycles (94% capacity retention).
Optimized Fabrication of Flexible Paper‐Based PCBs with Pencil and Copper Electroplating
Authors: Srivastava Vinit , Dubey Shivam , Vaish Rahul , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research unveils a transformative methodology for fabricating flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs), focusing on the unique attributes of filter paper substrates. A meticulous parametric exploration scrutinizes critical aspects such as buckling resistance, charging current, plating time, and electrode configurations for copper electroplating. Key findings highlight the exceptional stability of copper electroplating on filter paper, exhibiting robust resistance against environmental variations and bending angles spanning +180° to −180°. Utilizing higher pencil grade material and maintaining a minimum 4 cm distance with a voltage range of 3 to 1.44 V ensures uniform, controlled plating without burning, optimizing the electrode area below 1 cm2 for enhanced practicality. The research underscores the longevity and durability of copper‐plated filter paper, with negligible resistance changes even after 1000 folds. Over a year, the shelf‐life assessment emphasizes the excellent stability of electroplated filter paper. Practical applications, including fully functional circuits and a bio‐degradable piano, underscore the versatility and real‐world feasibility of the proposed electroplating technique.
Spatiotemporal Control of Immune Responses with Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine
Authors: Wang Chunxi , Macintyre Andrew N. , Oguin Thomas H. , McCarthy Kevin R. , Moody M. Anthony , Yuan Fan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNucleic acid vaccines play important roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, limited immunogenicity remains a major obstacle for DNA vaccine applications in the clinic. To address the issue, the present study investigates a cocktail approach to DNA vaccination. In this proof‐of‐the‐concept study, the cocktail consists of two DNAs encoding viral hemagglutinin (HA) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM‐CSF), respectively. Data from the study demonstrate that recruitment and activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) can be substantially improved by spatiotemporal regulation of GM‐CSF and HA expressions at the site of vaccination. The types of recruited APCs and their phenotypes are also controllable by adjusting the cocktail compositions. Compared to the mono‐ingredient vaccine, the optimized cocktail vaccine is able to enhance the anti‐viral humoral and T cell immune responses. No significant systemic inflammation is detected after either prime or boost immunization using the cocktail vaccine. Data in the study suggest that the DNA cocktail is a safe, effective, and controllable platform for improving vaccine efficacy.
Mitigating VOC Loss in Single‐Junction and Four‐Terminal Tandem Perovskite/Si Photovoltaics with D‐A Phthalocyanines Layers
Authors: Li Chi , Dogan Sifa , Li Yuheng , Zhang Huifeng , Tang Shicheng , Yuan Zhen , Liang Lusheng , Zhang Zilong , Wang Yao , Liu Chunming , Yang Ye , Ince Mine , Gao Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is often constrained by significant open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses attributed to non‐radiative recombination processes induced by detrimental trap states. Surface treatments using passivating ligands typically involve single active binding sites on perovskite, posing challenges for effective passivation. Here, an aromatic donor‐acceptor (D‐A) configured phthalocyanine treatment is proposed to aim at dual‐site passivation of uncoordinated lead ions and effective mitigation of shallow and deep‐level defects on the perovskite surface. The resulting benign p‐type surface facilitates a more favorable energy level alignment and reduces energetic mismatches at the perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interface. Pc‐BTBC, with its aromatic D‐A configuration, demonstrated compatibility with various perovskite compositions. Optimized PSCs achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.15% and reduces the VOC deficit to 0.379 V. Furthermore, encapsulated devices exhibited enhanced stability under damp‐heat conditions (ISOS‐D‐2, 50% RH, 65°C) with a T92 of 1000 h and maintained maximum power point tracking under continuous light in ambient air at 65°C (ISOS‐L‐2). Notably, fabricated wide‐bandgap semitransparent PSCs (ST‐PSCs) achieved a PCE of 20.29%, while four‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (4T‐P/STSCs) demonstrated an efficiency of 29.38%. This study provides insights into minimizing VOC losses and represents significant progress toward commercializing perovskite photovoltaics.
Inhibiting Ion Migration and Stabilizing Crystal‐Phase in Halide Perovskite via Directly Incorporated Fluoride Anion
Authors: Zhang Boyao , Hu Zhaosheng , Su Jie , Gong Zhen , Guo Xing , Chen Xiaoqing , Yang Yingguo , Lin Zhenhua , Ding Liming , Hao Yue , Chang Jingjing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFluoride anion (F−) with extremely high electronegativity has been under intensive investigation in perovskite solar cells due to its remarkable defect suppression and great improvement of device performance. Nevertheless, these researches only focus on the surface, grain boundaries, or interface modification, the direct insertion of F− into the crystal lattice of regular lead halide perovskite films is still unrevealed. Herein, F− was successfully incorporated into the perovskite lattice by overcoming the insolubility of PbF2 via the introduced pyridinium halide as a novel volatile solubilizing ligand. The strong electronegativity of F− can strongly increase the binding energy of all the ions in CsPbI2Br and inhibit their defect formations. A trace amount of F− incorporation not only enhanced the optoelectronic properties but also effectively mitigated the ion migration and phase separation simultaneously. The photovoltaic performance and operational stability of perovskite solar cells were significantly improved with a champion efficiency of 17.78 % (38.01 %) under AM 1.5G (1000 lux indoor light). Moreover, F− can also be directly inserted into the hybrid perovskite lattice and greatly stabilized crystal‐phase, enabling efficient fully MA‐free FAPbI3 devices with 25.10 % efficiency. Our strategy sheds light on F‐containing perovskites and provides a promising way to tackle ion migration and stabilize the crystal phase in halide perovskites.
Carbon‐ and Nitrogen‐Based Complexes as Photocatalysts for Prebiotic and Oxygen Chemistry during Earth Evolution
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Huan , Wang Sibo , Fang Yuanxing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSunlight has long served as primary energy source on our planet, shaping the behavior of living organisms. Extensive research has been dedicated to unraveling the evolutionary pathways involved. When the formation of Earth atmosphere, it primarily consisted of small gas molecules, which are considered crucial for the emergence of life. Recent demonstrations have shown that these molecules can also be transformed into semiconductors, with the potential to harness solar energy and catalyze chemical reactions as photocatalysts. Building upon this research, this minireview focuses on the potential revolutionary impact of photocatalysis on Earth. Initially, it examines key reactions, such as the formation of prebiotic molecules and the oxygen evolution reaction via water oxidation. Additionally, various C−N complexes in photocatalysts are explored, showcasing their roles in catalyzing chemical reactions. The conclusion and outlook provide a potential pathway for the evolution of Earth, shedding light on the significance of metal‐free photocatalysts in development of Earth.