bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble Averaging and the Curse of Dimensionality
Authors: Christiansen Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhen comparing climate models to observations, it is often observed that the mean over many models has smaller errors than most or all of the individual models. This paper will show that a general consequence of the nonintuitive geometric properties of high-dimensional spaces is that the ensemble mean often outperforms the individual ensemble members. This also explains why the ensemble mean often has an error that is 30% smaller than the median error of the individual ensemble members. The only assumption that needs to be made is that the observations and the models are independently drawn from the same distribution. An important and relevant property of high-dimensional spaces is that independent random vectors are almost always orthogonal. Furthermore, while the lengths of random vectors are large and almost equal, the ensemble mean is special, as it is located near the otherwise vacant center. The theory is first explained by an analysis of Gaussian- and uniformly distributed vectors in high-dimensional spaces. A subset of 17 models from the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble is then used to demonstrate the validity and robustness of the theory in realistic settings.
Development and Validation of a Novel Integrated Clinical-Genomic Risk Group Classification for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Spratt Daniel E. , Zhang Jingbin , Santiago-Jiménez María , Dess Robert T. , Davis John W. , Den Robert B. , Dicker Adam P. , Kane Christopher J. , Pollack Alan , Stoyanova Radka , Abdollah Firas , Ross Ashley E. , Cole Adam , Uchio Edward , Randall Josh M. , Nguyen Hao , Zhao Shuang G. , Mehra Rohit , Glass Andrew G. , Lam Lucia L.C. , Chelliserry Jijumon , du Plessis Marguerite , Choeurng Voleak , Aranes Maria , Kolisnik Tyler , Margrave Jennifer , Alter Jason , Jordan Jennifer , Buerki Christine , Yousefi Kasra , Haddad Zaid , Davicioni Elai , Trabulsi Edouard J. , Loeb Stacy , Tewari Ashutosh , Carroll Peter R. , Weinmann Sheila , Schaeffer Edward M. , Klein Eric A. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Feng Felix Y. , Nguyen Paul L. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose It is clinically challenging to integrate genomic-classifier results that report a numeric risk of recurrence into treatment recommendations for localized prostate cancer, which are founded in the framework of risk groups. We aimed to develop a novel clinical-genomic risk grouping system that can readily be incorporated into treatment guidelines for localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Two multicenter cohorts (n = 991) were used for training and validation of the clinical-genomic risk groups, and two additional cohorts (n = 5,937) were used for reclassification analyses. Competing risks analysis was used to estimate the risk of distant metastasis. Time-dependent c-indices were constructed to compare clinicopathologic risk models with the clinical-genomic risk groups. Results With a median follow-up of 8 years for patients in the training cohort, 10-year distant metastasis rates for National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) low, favorable-intermediate, unfavorable-intermediate, and high-risk were 7.3%, 9.2%, 38.0%, and 39.5%, respectively. In contrast, the three-tier clinical-genomic risk groups had 10-year distant metastasis rates of 3.5%, 29.4%, and 54.6%, for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk, respectively, which were consistent in the validation cohort (0%, 25.9%, and 55.2%, respectively). C-indices for the clinical-genomic risk grouping system (0.84; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.93) were improved over NCCN (0.73; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.86) and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.84), and 30% of patients using NCCN low/intermediate/high would be reclassified by the new three-tier system and 67% of patients would be reclassified from NCCN six-tier (very-low– to very-high–risk) by the new six-tier system. Conclusion A commercially available genomic classifier in combination with standard clinicopathologic variables can generate a simple-to-use clinical-genomic risk grouping that more accurately identifies patients at low, intermediate, and high risk for metastasis and can be easily incorporated into current guidelines to better risk-stratify patients.
Participação privada nos serviços de limpeza urbana
Authors: Pereira Cesar Augusto Guimarães 
Published: November 2017

I - Definição do Tema; II- Delimitação dos Serviços de Limpeza Urbana; III - Noção de Serviço Público: Atividades Competitivas e Atividades Não Competitivas; IV - Aplicação da Noção de Serviço Público às Atividades de Limpeza Urbana; V - A Configuração Atual da Concessão de Serviços de Limpeza Urbana no Brasil; VI - Competência Administrativa no Caso de Serviços Transmunicipais; VII - Possibilidade de Identificação do Usuário como Requisito da oncessão; VIII - Natureza das Cobranças do Concessionário; IX - O Problema do Inadimplemento dos Usuários; X - Conclusão.
A concessão, pela União, de isenções de tributos estaduais e municipais - Possibilidade no âmbito dos tratados internacionais
Authors: Gusmão Daniela Ribeiro de 
Published: November 2017

Introdução - Itaipu BinacionaL e o gasoduto Brasil-Bolívia - Soberania e autonomia - União X Estado Federal- Lei nacionaL X lei federal - O artigo 98 do Código Tributário Nacional - Tratados-contrato X tratados-lei - Vedação constitucional à concessão de isenções heterônomas - A isenção heterônoma no âmbito internacional - Isenções relativas ao ICMS e ISS - Conclusão - Bibliografia
Agências reguladoras
Authors: Souto Marcos Juruena Villela 
Published: November 2017

1. As agências autônomas na Reforma do Estado - 2. Distinção entre agência reguladora e agência executiva - 3. Função regulatória - 3.1. Noção de Regulação - 3.3. A regulação como instrumento da Desestatização - 3.3. A regulação no Brasil - 3.3.1. A regulação sem órgãos reguladores independentes - 3.3.2. A regulação por agências reguladoras - 4. Natureza jurídica da agência reguladora - 5. Criação e extinção da agência reguladora - 5.1. Criação e extinção da agência - 5.2. Impacto da extinção sobre os contratos - 6. Competência da agência reguladora - 6.1. Conflitos de competências - 6.2. Conflitos entre agências que exercem o poder concedente - 7. Estrutura da agência reguladora - 8. Dirigentes e Pessoal da agência reguladora - 8.1. Regime jurídico dos dirigentes - 8.2. Perda do cargo de dirigente - 8.3. Composição de quadros - 9. Receita do órgão regulador - 9.1. Natureza jurídica da taxa de regulação - 10. Contratos celebrados pela agência de regulação - 11. Fiscalização sobre a agência de regulação - 12. Processo administrativo - 13. As agências no âmbito federal - 13.1. Petróleo - 13.2. Telecomunicações - 13.3. Energia Elétrica - 13.4. Transportes - 14. As agências no âmbito estadual - 14.1. Estado do Rio de Janeiro - 14.2. Estado de São Paulo - 14.3. Estado do Ceará - 14.4. Estado do Rio Grande do Sul- 14.5. Estado de Sergipe - 15. Experiências de regulação no Direito Comparado - 16. Conclusão
Servidor público - Isonomia - Súmula nº 339
Authors: Pereira Miguel Frauzino 
Published: November 2017

- Esta Corte, como demonstram os precedentes invocados no parecer da Procuradoria-Geral da República, já firmou o entendimento de que continua em vigor, emface da atual Constituição, a súmula 339 ("Não cabe ao Poder Judiciário, que não tem função legislativa, aumentar vencimentos de servidores públicos, sob fundamento de isonomia"), porquanto o § 1°. do artigo 39 da Carta Magna é preceito dirigido ao legislador; a quem compete concretizar o princípio da isonomia, considerando especificamente os casos de atribuições iguais ou assemelhadas, não cabendo ao Poder Judiciário substituir-se ao legislador. Contra lei que viola o princípio da isonomia é cabível, no âmbito do controle concentrado, ação direta de inconstitucionalidade por omissão, que, se procedente, dará margem a que dessa declaração seja dada ciência ao Poder Legislativo para que aplique, por lei, o referido princípio constitucional; já na esfera do controle difuso, vício dessa natureza só pode conduzir à declaração de inconstitucionalidade da norma que infringiu esse princípio, o que, eliminando o benefício dado a um cargo quando deveria abranger também outros com atribuições iguais ou assemelhadas, impede a sua extensão a estes. Recurso extraordinário conhecido e provido.
Comissão parlamentar de inquérito - Poder de investigação - Limites
Authors: Mello Celso Antônio Bandeira de 
Published: November 2017

- Os poderes de investigação atribuídos à comissão parlamentar de inquérito não são absolutos e comportam limitações, submetendo-se ao controle jurisdicional.- As comissões parlamentares de inquérito podem decretar, por autoridade própria, a quebra de sigilo bancário de pessoas por elas investigadas, desde que justifiquem a existência concreta de causa provável legitimadora da medida excepcional e indiquem a necessidade de sua efetivação no procedimento de ampla investigação.
Agência administrativas, poder regulamentar e o Sistema Financeiro Nacional
Authors: Moreira Egon Bockmann 
Published: November 2017

I. Premissas hermenêuticas. II. As agências administrativas e o direito brasileiro. III. Conselho Monetário Nacional, Banco Central do Brasil e Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - Natureza Jurídica. IV. Função regulamentar. V. Função regulamentar de CMN, BACEN e CVM, emfacedas Agências. VI. Conclusão.
Servidor Estadual - Aumento de remuneração - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Mello Celso Antônio Bandeira de 
Published: November 2017

1. São inconstitucionais dispositivos de Cartas Estaduais, inclusive Emendas, que concedam aumento de remuneração a servidores públicos ou que, de qualquer modo, acarretem majoração da despesa pública, por ser da competência exclusiva do Chefe do Poder Executivo a iniciativa de lei sobre a matéria. Precedentes.2. Diversa da correção monetária, cujo instituto objetiva tão-somente a reposição do poder aquisitivo, a multa estabelecida no § 31º acrescentado ao artigo 137 da Carta Estadual pela Emenda Constitucional nº 11/99 representa penalidade imposta ao Estado e redunda em aumento na remuneração do servidor público sempre que ocorrer atraso na folha de pagamento.3. É inconstitucional a norma de lei local que vincula a índice federal o cálculo de despesa com servidores públicos estaduais. Precedentes.4. São de competência da União a definição jurídica de crime de responsabilidade e a regulamentação dos respectivos processo e julgamento.Precedente.Pedido de liminar deferido.
Tribunal de Contas Estadual - Provimento - Governador
Authors: Corrêa Maurício 
Published: November 2017

- Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade. Tribunal de Contas Estadual: Organização e composição. Constituição do Estado do Piauí (artigo 88, § 2º, I e 11). Leis nºs. 4.721/94 (artigo 81, I e II) e 5.056/99 (artigos 2º e 3º, I e II) ambas do Estado do Piauí.- Ofende a Constituição Federal a norma estadual (constitucional ou infra constitucional) que altera a possibilidade de o Governador indicar dois nomes para prover os cargos de conselheiro do Tribunal de Contas do Estado, alternadamente, entre auditores e membros do Ministério Público, além de um terceiro de sua livre escolha.- Sendo o Tribunal de contas do Estado integrado por sete conselheiros, três devem ser escolhidos pelo governador e quatro pela Assembléia legislativa. Precedentes.- Pedido de liminar deferido.
Federalismo, flexibilidade e assimetria no direito brasileiro: agrupamentos municipais, convênios de cooperação e consórcios públicos
Authors: Pires Thiago Magalhães 
Published: November 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar se uma concepção flexível e cooperativa do pacto federativo não seria mais adequada do que a tradicional rigidez que o caracteriza para acomodar o caráter dinâmico das federações, bem como a inevitável assimetria entre seus componentes. Na sequência, examinam-se três mecanismos de ajuste e cooperação já existentes no Brasil e capazes, em princípio, de incorporar essa flexibilidade à federação brasileira: agrupamentos municipais, convênios de cooperação e consórcios públicos. This paper aims to determine if a flexible and cooperative conception of federalism would be more capable to accommodate the dynamics of federal states, as well as the inevitable asymmetry between its components. The article then analyses three instruments of adjustment and cooperation that already exist in Brazil, and that are likely able to incorporate this flexibility to the Brazilian federation: local-government associations, cooperation agreements and public consortia.
Returns to Emergency Department, Observation, or Inpatient Care Within 30 Days After Hospitalization in 4 States, 2009 and 2010 Versus 2013 and 2014
Authors: Nuckols Teryl K. , Fingar Kathryn R. , Barrett Marguerite L. , Martsolf Grant , Steiner Claudia A. , Stocks Carol , Owens Pamela L. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDNationally, readmissions have declined for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) and risen slightly for pneumonia, but less is known about returns to the hospital for observation stays and emergency department (ED) visits.OBJECTIVETo describe trends in rates of 30‐day, all‐cause, unplanned returns to the hospital, including returns for observation stays and ED visits.DESIGNBy using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data, we compared 210,007 index hospitalizations in 2009 and 2010 with 212,833 matched hospitalizations in 2013 and 2014.SETTINGTwo hundred and one hospitals in Georgia, Nebraska, South Carolina, and Tennessee.PATIENTSAdults with private insurance, Medicaid, or no insurance and seniors with Medicare who were hospitalized for AMI, H F, and pneumonia.MEASUREMENTSThirty‐day hospital return rates for inpatient, observation, and ED visits.RESULTSReturn rates remained stable among adults with private insurance (15.1% vs 15.3%; P = .45) and declined modestly among seniors with Medicare (25.3% vs 25.0%; P = .04). Increases in observation and ED visits coincided with declines in readmissions (8.9% vs 8.2% for private insurance and 18.3% vs 16.9% for Medicare, both P ≤ .001). Return rates rose among patients with Medicaid (31.0% vs 32.1%; P = .04) and the uninsured (18.8% vs 20.1%; P = .004). Readmissions remained stable (18.7% for Medicaid and 9.5% for uninsured patients, both P > .75) while observation and ED visits increased.CONCLUSIONSTotal returns to the hospital are stable or rising, likely because of growth in observation and ED visits. Hospitalists' efforts to improve the quality and value of hospital care should consider observation and ED care.
Score Distributions of the Balance Outcome Measure for Elder Rehabilitation (BOOMER) in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Brown Zachary M. , Gibbs Jenna C. , Adachi Jonathan D. , Ashe Maureen C. , Hill Keith D. , Kendler David L. , Khan Aliya , Papaioannou Alexandra , Prasad Sadhana , Wark John D. , Giangregorio Lora M. 
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose:
We sought to evaluate the Balance Outcome Measure for Elder Rehabilitation (BOOMER) in community-dwelling women 65 years and older with vertebral fracture and to describe score distributions and potential ceiling and floor effects.

Methods:
This was a secondary data analysis of baseline data from the Build Better Bones with Exercise randomized controlled trial using the BOOMER. A total of 141 women with osteoporosis and radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture were included. Concurrent validity and internal consistency were assessed in comparison to the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Normality and ceiling/floor effects of total BOOMER scores and component test items were also assessed. Exploratory analyses of assistive aid use and falls history were performed.

Results and Discussion:
Tests for concurrent validity demonstrated moderate correlation between total BOOMER and SPPB scores. The BOOMER component tests showed modest internal consistency. Substantial ceiling effect and nonnormal score distributions were present among overall sample and those not using assistive aids for total BOOMER scores, although scores were normally distributed for those using assistive aids. The static standing with eyes closed test demonstrated the greatest ceiling effects of the component tests, with 92% of participants achieving a maximal score.

Conclusions:
While the BOOMER compares well with the SPPB in community-dwelling women with vertebral fractures, researchers or clinicians considering using the BOOMER in similar or higher-functioning populations should be aware of the potential for ceiling effects.
Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Trial Study Design: A Systematic Review
Authors: Basmaci Romain , Vazouras Konstantinos , Bielicki Julia , Folgori Laura , Hsia Yingfen , Zaoutis Theoklis , Sharland Mike 
Published: November 2017

CONTEXT:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent common bacterial infections in children. No guidance on the conduct of pediatric febrile UTI clinical trials (CTs) exist.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the criteria used for patient selection and the efficacy end points in febrile pediatric UTI CTs.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, Embase, Cochrane central databases, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched between January 1, 1990, and November 24, 2016.

STUDY SELECTION:
We combined Medical Subject Headings terms and free-text terms for “urinary tract infections” and “therapeutics” and “clinical trials” in children (0–18 years), identifying 3086 articles.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and performed data extraction.

RESULTS:
We included 40 CTs in which a total of 4381 cases of pediatric UTIs were investigated. Positive urine culture results and fever were the most common inclusion criteria (93% and 78%, respectively). Urine sampling method, pyuria, and colony thresholds were highly variable. Clinical and microbiological end points were assessed in 88% and 93% of the studies, respectively. Timing for end point assessment was highly variable, and only 3 studies (17%) out of the 18 performed after the Food and Drug Administration 1998 guidance publication assessed primary and secondary end points consistently with this guidance.

LIMITATIONS:
Our limitations included a mixed population of healthy children and children with an underlying condition. In 6 trials, researchers studied a subgroup of patients with afebrile UTI.

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed a wide variability in the microbiological inclusion criteria and the timing for end point assessment. The available guidance for adults appear not to be used by pediatricians and do not seem applicable to the childhood UTI. A harmonized design for pediatric UTIs CT is necessary.
Prima hartă a zăcămintelor de sare din România (1780). Toponimele corespondente actuale
Authors: Moscal Dinu 
Published: November 2017

Istoricul exploatării sării în zona arcului carpatic reprezintă încă un deziderat pentru anumite perioade ale provinciilor istorice ale României, deși s-au scris relativ multe lucrări pe această temă.
Harta de la 1780 a zăcămintelor de sare din arcul carpatic reprezintă una dintre realizările importante în acest domeniu. Unul dintre lucrurile necesare acestui istoric este identificarea locurilor de unde se extrage sau s-a extras sare. După un scurt istoric al atestărilor primare legate de exploatarea sării pe teritoriul României, lucrarea de față prezintă contribuția lui Fichtel (1780) în identificarea zăcămintelor de sare din acest spațiu. Actualizarea toponimelor din hartă nu prezintă dificultăți pentru provinciile istorice Moldova și Valahia, însă nu la fel este și în cazul toponimelor din Transilvania, nomenclatura din perioada dominației maghiare (pînă în 1918) fiind în mare parte schimbată începînd cu anul 1919. Pentru toate acestea s-au dat corespondentele din nomenclatura actuală. Lucrarea oferă o actualizare a localizării izvoarelor, fîntînilor și sedimentelor de sare identificate de Fichtel, prin identificarea toponimelor corespondente actuale pentru cele indicate în hartă.
Pneumopericardium in the Neonate
Authors: Walker Tiffany L. , Shannon Dorothy A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPneumopericardium occurs when air accumulates in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart and is one of the rarest forms of air leaks in neonates. Because of various advances in neonatal care, including gentler modes of ventilation, surfactant replacement, and antenatal steroids, the incidence of pneumopericardium has decreased. Despite the decrease in incidence of pneumopericardium, most cases arise in premature infants with a history of respiratory distress and mechanical ventilation. Evidence has shown that the incidence is inversely related to birth weight and that pneumopericardium has high mortality and morbidity rates.
Changes in the two-dimensional and perimeter-based fractal dimensions of kaolinite flocs during flocculation: a simple experimental study
Authors: Zhu Zhongfan , Peng Dingzhi , Dou Jie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this study, Couette flow experiments were performed to estimate the temporal evolution of the 2D and perimeter-based fractal dimension values of kaolinite flocs during flocculation. The fractal dimensions were calculated based on the projected surface area, perimeter length and length of the longest axis of the flocs as determined by sampling observation and an image-processing system. The 2D fractal dimension, which relates the longest axis length and projected surface area of flocs, was found to decrease with the flocculation time, corresponding to the production of some porous flocs from the flow shear. This fractal dimension finally reached a steady state, which resulted from a dynamic equilibrium among the floc growth, floc breakage and floc restructuring. The perimeter-based fractal dimension, which characterizes the relationship between the projected surface area and the perimeter of flocs, increases with flocculation time because the flow shear increases the collisions among the primary particles, and some irregular flocs are formed. The perimeter-based fractal dimension reaches a steady level because of the balance among floc aggregation, breakage and restructuring. In addition, a stronger turbulent flow shear makes the steady state of fractal dimensions occur early during flocculation.
Work Discipline Factors Affecting Employees Performance Of Marketing Subdivision of Madika Foundation In Surabaya
Authors: Tinovitasari Fajar , Yuliastanti Rika , Malati Fianita 
Published: November 2017

Purpose : To generate good employee performance, then employee discipline factors need to be improved and maintained continuity.
Design/methodology/approach : Research approach, Quantitative approach is research that focuses on testing the hypothesis. Data used should be measurable and will result in generalizable conclusions. This research was causal because it would examine the influence between variables.
Findings The result of CAAR is showed that CAAR abnormal return significantly merely happen in research period III. While, for t-test towards AAR showed that abnormal return happened in period II and III tax amnesty execution
Research limitations/implications : The object of this research is company which recorded as a member in LQ45 indexes.
Practical implications : The result of CAAR is showed that CAAR abnormal return significantly merely happen in research period III. While, for t-test towards AAR showed that abnormal return happened in period II and III tax amnesty execution, with details in period II abnormal return merely happen in t-1 with negative value and period III abnormal return happen in t-9, t-8, t-4, t-3, t+1 and t+9.
Originality/value : In improving work discipline, assertiveness imposed on employees who violate discipline should also be noted.