bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squash Bug Control by Basal Stem Treatments, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schweissing Frank , Bartalo Mike 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were established at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in Rocky Ford, CO with plantings made 13 Jun. Plots consisted of double rows, 20 ft in length, at a 60-inch in-row spacing. Experimental design was a RCB with six replications. Straw mulch treatments were applied around the base of plants on 8 Jul, in an 18-inch band through the plots. In an effort to keep the base of the plant more exposed wire “hoops” of chicken wire, creating a6-in-highby 18-in circle around the base of the plants, was setup 16 Jul. Sevimol was applied 16 Jul and 29 Jul either to the whole plant or to the base. Diatomaceous earth was applied as a dust to the plant base on 29 Jul. First egg laying was observed on 16 Jul. Evaluations were made 2 Sep and involved a 0-10 rating system based on the percentage of foliar death.
Control of Squash Bug on Summer Squash, 1997
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M. , Duthie J. , Roberts W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Summer squash, ‘Lemon drop’, was direct seeded in Jul at the Lane AREC, Lane, OK. The experimental design was a RCB with 5 replicates and 10 treatments. Plots were 2 rows wide (72 inches) and 20 ft long with 20-ft alleys cut between plots. Plots were treated with insecticides using a tractor-mounted sprayer with a broadcast application of 72 inches from 5 hollow-cone nozzles applying 35 gpa at 43 psi. Plots were treated on 14 and 25 Aug. Squash bug populations were surveyed on 18 and 28 Aug by counting adults and nymphs on 3 plants per plot.
Control of Melon Thrips on Squash, Spring 1996
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Dixie’ squash was seeded in Rockdale soil on 25 Feb 1996. A RCB design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 5 treatments comprising a plot size of 3 rows, 25 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated after the appearance of melon thrips and continued at approximately 5-7-day intervals beginning 18 Mar. Foliar insecticides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 100 gpa. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 hours before the first treatment and 24 hours after treatments 2 and 4. Melon thrips were evaluated by collecting 5 mature squash leaves per plot. Leaves were transported to the laboratory where they were washed in 70% alcohol and thrips counted under a microscope. All thrips were sexed and the number of males, females, and larvae counted separately.
Evaluation of Selected Foliar Insecticides for Control of Banded Cucumber Beetle on Sweetpota-Toes, 1997
Authors: Hammond A. M. , Story R. N. , Murray M. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted on the Burden Research Plantation, LSUAC, Baton Rouge, LA, to determine the efficacy of 15 insecticide treatments for the control of banded cucumber beetle. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted on 18 May. Plots were 3 rows wide (4 ft./row) and 30 feet long. Insecticides were applied on an approximately weekly basis starting two months after transplanting (18, 23 Jul, 1,8, 14, 22, 29 Aug). A CO2-pressurized back pack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single-row boom (20 inches wide) containing 3 nozzles (Cone Jet sx-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on 6 Sep and rated for damage. On each day of application, banded cucumber beetle populations were estimated before spraying by taking 25 sweeps per plot and recording the number of beetles collected. The following day, 24 hours later, 25 sweeps were taken to obtain a post-treatment count. The percentage change in population level from pre- to post-application was analyzed for each application date.
Evaluation of Selected Soil Insecticides and Foliar Insecticides for Control of Banded Cucumber Beetle, Whitefringed Beetle, White Grub, and Sweetpotato Weevil, 1997
Authors: McCown C. R. , Hammond A. M. , Story R. N. , Murray M. J. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted in Avoyelles Parish, LA to determine the efficacy of two soil insecticides and four foliar treatments for control of above-listed insects. Treatments were arranged in a CRB design with four replications. Plots were 4 rows wide (3.5/row) and 50 ft long. Soil insecticides were applied on June 14 approximately one week before trans-planting. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was transplanted 19 Jun. Foliar insecticide applications were made at approximately weekly intervals starting three weeks after transplanting. A CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer was used (36 psi) with a two-row boom containing four nozzles (Cone Jet TX-lO) and calibrated to deliver 15 gallons per acre. A single sweetpotato weevil pheromone trap was used to monitor the weevil population throughout the season. Sweet-potatoes were harvested on 6 Oct and field graded into U.S. number 1, 2, or 3. From each plot, in each of the 3 grades, 25 potatoes were randomly selected and evaluated for insect damage. The number of potatoes damaged by whitefringed beetle, sweetpotato weevil, white grubs, as well as the number of holes present caused by banded cucumber beetles were counted.
Layby Applications and Foliar Spraysl in Combination with Lorsban at Planting to Control Insects on Sweetpotatoes, 1997
Authors: Speese John , Nault Brian A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweetpotatoes were planted on 13 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Soil type was classified as Bojac sandy loam. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long with 3-ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by an untreated guard row. Each treatment was replicated 6 times in a RCBD. Sprays were applied with a propane-powered backpack sprayer using 9 flat fan nozzles/3 rows and delivering 21 gpa at 40 psi. Granular materials were broadcast over the appropriate rows using a hand-held shaker. Lorsban 4 EC was applied at planting to all plots, except for the untreated control. Layby treatments were applied on 28 Jul. The foliar sprays were applied on 16 and 28 Jul and 6 and 13 Aug and were timed to coincide with click beetle flights, which were monitored using a black light trap.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1997
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against potato leafhopper. The experiments were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA on a second-year (first full harvest year) alfalfa (Pioneer 5373) crop. Plots of 40 X 40 ft were arranged in a RCB design with an untreated check in each of four replications. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps of a 15-inch-diam insect beating net taken randomly across each plot. Prior to treatment, potato leafhopper densities were estimated on 9 Jun (Experiment 1). Due to inclement weather, a pre-treatment sweep was not taken for Experiment 2. With the exception of LABS 116 in Experiment 1, all insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 16 Jun (Experiment 1) and 25 Jul (Experiment 2). LABS 116 was applied in Experiment 1 on 17 Jun as a result of needing an additional product shipment. Cygon 4E was added as a standard insecticide treatment in both Experiments. Alfalfa height at application was 4-6 inches. Insecticides were applied in 25 gal of water per acre at 25 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom containing 80 degree flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 19, 23, 30 Jun and 8 Jul (i.e. 3, 7, 14, 22 DAT) for Experiment 1, and 25 Jul, and 1, 8, 15, 24 Aug (i.e. 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 DAT) for Experiment 2. Densities reported represent the number of adults, number of nymphs, and the combined numbers of adults and nymphs collected per 20 sweeps. Alfalfa yield was determined on 8 Jul (Experiment 1) and 25 Aug (Experiment 2) from a 60-ft2 swath taken from each plot with a Carter Forage Harvester (Carter Mfg. Co. Inc., Brookston, IN). Percent moisture was determined by oven drying a subsample of alfalfa (approximately 2 lb wet). Alfalfa yield is reported as dry weight lb per acre.
Early-Season Flea Beetle Control on Spring Canola, 1997
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded 19 May at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA, at a rate of 6 lb/acre in rows 7 inches apart. Plots were 6 X 20 ft. replicated 4 times in a RCBD, situated next to a crested wheat grass field. Treatments of CR-10 at 2.5 lb product/acre were applied as granules with the seed, and 4 rates of Gaucho 75 ST were applied as seed treatments at planting. Four other treatments were made at the appearance of FB 3 d after emergence (DAE) with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 20 gpa at 20 psi. A mean of 20 FB per 6.6 ft of row was present at the time of treatment. The plants were in the early cotyledon stage of growth. FB damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage, and 6 = total destruction of apical meristem at the pre-treatment count, 7-DAT, 12-DAT, 15-DAT, and 20-DAT.
Gaucho Efficacy Trial for Flea Beetles on Canola, 1997
Authors: Milbrath Lindsey R. , Weiss Michael J. , Zarnstorff Mark 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded at the North Central Res. & Ext. Center, Minot, ND on 15 May at 8.8 lb seed per acre were 20 X 25 ft. A 5 X 5 latin square design was used to account for the unknown pattern of flea beetle migration into the plots. All seed was treated with Benlate 50 WP (8 oz product/cwt seed) and Captan 400 (2 fl oz/cwt seed). Furadan was applied at planting, mixed with the seed and Gaucho was applied as a seed treatment. Flea beetles were found in the plots when the canola was in the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage; flea beetle feeding pressure was moderately high. On 2 Jun, the number of plants per linear m of row was counted (two per plot) and 12 plants per plot were collected to determine the number of feeding pits on the cotyledons. Two harvest strips (4.67 X 20 ft each) were taken on 23 Aug from each plot to determine yield and test weight. These data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using Tukey’s HSD test.
Impact of Spray Volume and Wetting Agent on Efficacy of Aerial Insecticide Applications to Man-Age First-Generation European Corn Borer Larvae in South Dakota, 1997
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field plots were established in central South Dakota near Letcher to evaluate aerially applied insecticide treatments for control of first-generation ECB larvae. The field was planted on 11 May at a rate of 20,400 kernels per acre. The study was carried out to determine the impact of Silwet™ wetting agent and spray volume on the effectiveness of Warrior 1 EC insecticide. Pre-treatment counts revealed an average of 2 ECB larvae (ca. 50% each of 2nd- and 3rd-instars) existed per plant. A strip-plot ex-perimental design was used, and each strip contained 4 replicates. Sampling was conducted within a 32-row subplot (30.5 m by 100 m) for each treatment area. Insecticides were applied on 13 Jul at whorl (ca. 2 d before tasseling) stage in 15.2-m swaths at a speed of 110 mph using a Piper Brave aircraft. A Crop Hawk system was mounted on the aircraft to monitor and regulate spray flow through CP™ nozzles at 25 psi. Treatments consisted of Warrior 1 EC at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre in a spray volume of 2 or 5 gpa. Additionally, each of these spray volumes was evaluated with or without Silwet™ (wetting agent), and all were compared with an untreated control. Approximately one month after insecticide applications (8 Aug), 40 plants in each plot were randomly selected, split vertically and examined for ECB cavity (tunneling) damage. The number and length of ECB cavities were recorded and analyzed using the ANOVA procedure and means were compared by LSD.
Control of Corn Rootworms with Aztec and Fortress Insecticides Applied Through Smartbox™ and Noble® Application Systems, 1997
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Nowatzki T. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB, with insecticide treatments applied to paired rows, 60 ft in length, and replicated 8 times. The test was planted as conventional-till at the Iowa State University, Johnson Research Farm (silty clay loam soil). The research site had been a late-planted corn field the previous year. A John Deere 7100, 2-row planter was set up to operate either the SmartBox or Noble insecticide delivery systems. All treatments were applied at 4 mph using the “fixed speed mode” for SmartBox applications. Planter drag chains were used for insecticide incorporation. Rows in the research area had been preflagged for treatment placements. Treatments utilizing the SmartBox system were applied first and then the planter was converted for the Noble delivery system. When planting, both rows were constantly monitored to ensure that insecticide was being correctly applied at all times. Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated in late Jul by digging 3 roots from each of the paired treatment rows and rating them on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 = no damage or only a few minor feeding scars; 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Yields were measured by hand harvesting 0.005 acre from each treatment. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were sepa-rated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).
Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1997
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Nowatzki T. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seed treatments and planting-time insecticides were tested in a loam soil near Ames, IA. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to 20-ft-length rows with 30-inch row spacing. To attract ovipositing flies, a meat-and-bone meal bait was applied to shallow furrows, hand-made with hoes. A 20-ft section of 1 1/2-inch angle iron was filled with meat-and-bone meal and then leveled, leaving a small amount of bait (ca. 1/3 oz per row-ft) evenly distributed in the bottom of the angle iron. The angle iron was positioned directly above the open seed furrow and inverted. Bait was placed in furrows 24 Apr. Corn seeds were hand planted (8-inch seed spacing) directly into the bait on 29 Apr. Granular insecticide treatments were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a small-plot bicycle applicator. Regent 4 SC liquid insecticide was applied directly into the open seed furrow with a small-plot bicycle applicator. A microtube delivered a steady stream of dilution at 1 gpa using 24 psi. Seeds were covered with soil and the soil firmed by hand. On 31 May, stand counts were taken from 12 ft 7 inches of row and the seeds/seedlings from two 1-m sections of row were inspected for seedcorn maggot feeding and rated on the following 1-4 damage scale: 1 = seed/seedling undamaged, 2 = seed/seedling damaged, but plant established; 3 = seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress; 4 = seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. On 2 Jun, 1 adult emergence trap was placed over each row that had received a granular insecticide treatment. Seed-treatment rows were excluded from the adult emergence analysis. The galvanized steel trap, a rectangular bottomless box, had the following dimensions: length 1.0 m, width 0.2 m, and height 0.1 m. Fastened to the top of each trap were two 0.25-liter mason jars with Tack Trap® applied to the inside bottom. On 12 Jun, the number of seedcorn maggot adults were counted in the collection jars.
Control of Second-Generation European Corn Borer, 1997
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for second-generation European corn borer control were applied to irrigated corn plots in Dixon County, NE on 12 Aug. Liquid-formulated insecticides were applied with a Hahn Hi-Boy calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 30 psi. Four d prior to application, 6 black-headed egg masses on paper disc were pinned to the middle portion of 10 marked com plants in each replicate. Experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. On 25 Sep, the infested plants were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer larvae recorded. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures. Treatment means were separated using LSD procedures.
Efficacy of Granular Insecticides Against Western Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1997
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Laub C. A. , Kuhar T. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experiment was conducted at the Virginia Tech Kentland Farm (Hilltop field) in Montgomery Co., VA to determine the effectiveness of several granular insecticides, applied in-furrow or T-band at planting, against WCR larvae on ‘ MA9171’ corn. The experiment was conducted near the center of a 10-acre, no-till cornfield with a predominant Unison-Braddock silt loam soil. The field had been in continuous corn production since 1994, and had been treated with granular insecticides at planting every year since 1995. Plots of 40 X 10 ft (four rows wide) were arranged in a RCBD, with all insecticide treatments and an untreated check replicated four times. An Almaco, 2-row Max-Emerge planter was used to plant the plots on 1 May at the rate of 26,100 seeds/acre. Insecticide granules were applied in front of the presswheels either directly in the seed furrow or in a 5-inch wide T-band over the furrow, depending on the treatment. The standard granular insecticide applicator was removed from each row unit and replaced with a wooden device which held an inverted pint canning jar (Mason) used to dispense the insecticide granules. Attached to the underside of the wooden holder was a plastic funnel and tube through which the insecticide granules flowed. A single opening, drilled into the lid of each jar, was calibrated in the laboratory to deliver insecticide granules accurately at a speed of 3 mph. The possibility of mixing one or more insecticides was avoided by using a separate jar and lid for each treatment. At the start of application, a jar containing the appropriate insecticide granules was inverted and placed in each of the wooden holders. This method helped minimize soil compaction because the tractor made only one pass per plot. The roots of five consecutive corn plants were dug from each plot on 12 Jul and washed of excess soil before damage ratings were made. WCR damage ratings were based on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 = no feeding damage; 6 = three or more root nodes completely destroyed). Stand counts were not made because of inconsistencies in the stand resulting from planter error and weed pressure. A two-way ANOVA and LSD were used to analyze differences in root ratings among treatments.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on a Commerce Silt Loam Soil, 1997
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 45 ft. ‘Stoneville 474’ cotton seed was planted on a Commerce silt loam soil on 6 May. Cotton seed was planted at the rate of 4 seed/row ft with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10-inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8-inch belt-cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2-charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was measured by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot at 7, 11, 16, 19, 23, 27, 31, and 35 days after emergence (DAE). Plant samples were washed to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percent open bolls was determined on 4 Sep. Samples of 25 bolls/plot were collected and ginned to determine lint percentage for each plot. These data were than used to determine lint yield. The center two rows were mechanically harvested on 19 Sep and 2 Oct using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lb lint/acre.
Southern Corn Rootworm Control on Peanut, 1997
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two locations were chosen to evaluate insecticide efficacy and timing for SCR control. Variety NC-7 peanuts were planted at location no. 1 on 18 May and at location no. 2 on 7 May in Bertie County. Peanuts were planted at approximately 100 lb of seed per acre. Thimet 20 G was placed in-furrow at-plant at 5.0 lb product/acre at location no. 1. Temik 15 G was placed in-furrow at-plant at 7.0 lb product/acre at location no. 2. Peanuts were grown under standard agronomic practices as recommended by the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service. Soil at both locations consisted of a sandy loam with location no. 1 comprised of 0.79% humic matter, and a pH of 5.8, and location no. 2 comprised of 2.01% humic matter, and a pH of 5.7. At-plant soil temperature was 70°F at location no. 1 and 72°F at location no. 2 at planting. Plots were 4 rows (36-inch centers) by 20 ft with four replicates per treatment and all treatments were arranged in a RCBD at both locations. Lorsban 15 G at flowering treatments were applied on 16 Jun and pegging treatments on 9 Jul at both locations. Mocap 10 G was applied at late pegging 22 Jul at both locations. Fipronil 1.65 G was applied at-plant on 14 May at location no. 1 and on 22 May at location no. 2. All treatments were applied by using a bicycle-wheel granular applicator utilizing a Noble metering unit. Some of the early-season treatments did not provide significant control because dry soil conditions were unfavorable and resulted in a reduction in the egg survival. Late-season rains provided perfect field conditions for egg survival and thus created a later than normal outbreak of rootworms. Therefore, treatments applied late in the season seemed to have provided the highest level of control. Peanuts were sampled for rootworm damage at both locations on 20 Sep by collecting 100 pods at random from 5 plants in the two left-hand rows. Pods were placed into plastic bags and returned to the laboratory for examination. Damage was rated by recording the number of pods that had one or more root-worm feeding scars or punctures. Yield was determined by digging, drying, and weighing peanuts from all 4 rows of each plot on 7 Nov at location no. 2. All data were transformed (square root ofx = 0.05) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT.