bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATERNAL PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTING FOLLOWING AN EVIDENCE‐BASED PARENTING PROGRAM: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF LEGACY FOR CHILDRENTM
Authors: Hartwig Sophie A. , Robinson Lara R. , Comeau Dawn L. , Claussen Angelika H. , Perou Ruth 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article presents the findings of a qualitative study of maternal perceptions of parenting following participation in Legacy for ChildrenTM (Legacy), an evidence‐based parenting program for low‐income mothers of young children and infants. To further examine previous findings and better understand participant experiences, we analyzed semistructured focus‐group discussions with predominantly Hispanic and Black, non‐Hispanic Legacy mothers at two sites (n = 166) using thematic analysis and grounded theory techniques. The qualitative study presented here investigated how mothers view their parenting following participation in Legacy, allowing participants to describe their experience with the program in their own words, thus capturing an “insider” perspective. Mothers at both sites communicated knowledge and use of positive parenting practices targeted by the goals of Legacy; some site‐specific differences emerged related to these parenting practices. These findings align with the interpretation of quantitative results from the randomized controlled trials and further demonstrate the significance of the Legacy program in promoting positive parenting for mothers living in poverty. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding real‐world context regarding program efficacy and the benefit of using qualitative research to understand participant experiences.
Consistency in quality correction factors for ionization chamber dosimetry in scanned proton beam therapy
Authors: Sorriaux Jefferson , Testa Mauro , Paganetti Harald , Bertrand Damien , Lee John Aldo , Palmans Hugo , Vynckier Stefaan , Sterpin Edmond 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe IAEA TRS‐398 code of practice details the reference conditions for reference dosimetry of proton beams using ionization chambers and the required beam quality correction factors (kQ). Pencil beam scanning (PBS) systems cannot approximate reference conditions using a single spot. However, dose distributions requested in TRS‐398 can be reproduced with PBS using a combination of spots. This study aims to demonstrate, using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, that kQ factors computed/measured for broad beams can be used with scanned beams for similar reference dose distributions with no additional significant uncertainty.MethodsWe consider the Alfonso formalism13 usually employed for nonstandard photon beams. To approach reference conditions similar as IAEA TRS‐398 and the associated dose distributions, PBS must combine many pencil beams with range or energy modulation and shaping techniques that differ from those used in passive systems (broad beams). In order to evaluate the impact of these differences on kQ factors, ionization chamber responses are computed with MC (Geant4 9.6) in three different proton beams, with their corresponding quality factors (Q), producing a 10 × 10 cm2 field with a flat dose distribution for (a) a dedicated scanned pencil beam (Qpbs), (b) a hypothetical proton source (Qhyp), and (c) a double‐scattering beam (Qds). The tested ionization chamber cavities are a 2 × 2 × 0.2 mm³ air cavity, a Roos‐type ionization chamber, and a Farmer‐type ionization chamber.Results and DiscussionRanges of Qpbs, Qhyp, and Qds are consistent within 0.4 mm. Flatnesses of dose distributions are better than 0.5%. Calculated is 0.999 ± 0.002 for the air cavity and the Farmer‐type ionization chamber and 1.001 ± 0.002 for the Roos‐type ionization chamber. The quality correction factors is 0.999 ± 0.002 for the Farmer‐type and Roos‐type ionization chambers and 1.001 ± 0.001 for the Roos‐type ionization chamber.ConclusionThe Alfonso formalism was applied to scanned proton beams. In our MC simulations, neither the difference in the beam profiles (scanned beam vs hypothetical beam) nor the different incident beam energies influenced significantly the beam correction factors. This suggests that ionization chamber quality correction factors in scanned or broad proton beams are indistinguishable within the calculation uncertainties provided dose distributions achieved by both modalities are similar and compliant with the TRS‐398 reference conditions.
Numerical simulation of vertical tunneling transistor with bilayer graphene as source and drain regions
Authors: Horri Ashkan , Faez Rahim , Darvish Ghafar 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the electrical characteristics of vertical tunneling bilayer graphene field effect transistor (VTBGFET) are theoretically investigated. We evaluate the device behavior using nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism combined with an atomistic tight binding model. By using this method, we extract the most significant figures of merit such as ON/OFF current ratio, subthreshold swing, and intrinsic gate‐delay time.The results indicate that using a bilayer graphene instead of a monolayer graphene as the base material for the source and drain regions leads to a larger ON/OFF current ratio due to the presence of an energy bandgap in biased bilayer graphene. Also, the subthreshold swing of VTBGFET can be much lower than that of vertical tunneling monolayer graphene field‐effect transistor (VTMGFET). We find that the increase of the number of hBN layers enhances the ON/OFF current ratio but degrades the intrinsic gate‐delay time.
Centrifuge modeling to evaluate natural frequency and seismic behavior of offshore wind turbine consideringSFSI
Authors: Seong Jun‐Tae , Ha Jeong‐Gon , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Park Heon‐Joon , Kim Dong‐Soo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding of dynamic response of offshore wind turbine is important to reduce vibration of offshore wind turbine induced by structural and environmental loadings. Although dynamic characteristics of the offshore wind turbine such as natural frequency and seismic behavior are affected by foundation and soil conditions, there are little experimental studies about the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbine with consideration of proper soil–foundation–structure interaction (SFSI). The goal of this research is to evaluate the natural frequency and seismic behavior of offshore wind turbine with a monopod foundation considering SFSI. Scaled model of offshore wind turbine and monopod foundation is produced for this research. Geotechnical centrifuge tests in fixed‐based and SFSI condition were performed to measure natural frequency in each case. Also, a series of seismic loadings with different intensities are applied to observe seismic behaviors of the offshore wind turbine during the earthquake and permanent changes after the earthquake. Experimental results show apparent natural frequency reduction in SFSI condition compared with the fixed‐based condition, non‐linear changes in dynamic response during a series of earthquakes and permanent changes occurred in natural frequency and rotational displacement after earthquakes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cosmopolitan engineering student: an analysis of a recruitment campaign for KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm
Authors: Kingdon Patricia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a study that seeks to examine the messages conveyed in one of the initiatives that have been initialized in order to make young people interested in pursuing engineering studies at technological universities. The study is a case study of the web-based advertising (recruitment) campaign KTH from the Inside designed for KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The analysis draws on a theoretical framework from governmentality studies. The analysis of the campaign conclude that the ideal engineering constructed in the campaign is one of an individual who meets the requirements asked of a lifelong learner with cosmopolitan aspirations. This is an ideal that builds on a notion of progress associated with social progress and sustainability. This is a break with historical and cultural patterns, which symbolically have linked technology to capitalist profitability and masculinity. Though a break with gender patterns is suggested the ideal subject constructed in the campaign is almost exclusively based on the students on Masters’ level. This excludes students at Bachelor programmes. This I argue is problematic as it narrows the recruitment of students to technological universities to a small group of students.
Lipid transfers to HDL are diminished in long‐term bedridden patients: association with low HDL‐cholesterol and increased inflammatory markers
Authors: de Oliveira Wilson Pascoalino Camargo , Tavoni Thauany Martins , Freitas Fatima Rodrigues , Silva Bruna Miranda Oliveira , Maranhão Raul Cavalcante 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlasma lipids have been extensively studied in sedentary and in subjects practicing exercise training, but not in extreme inactivity as occurs in bedridden patients. This is important for the care of bedridden patients and understanding the overall plasma lipid regulation. Here, we investigated plasma lipids, lipid transfers to HDL and inflammatory markers in bedridden patients. Fasting blood samples were collected from 23 clinically stable bedridden patients under long‐term care (>90 days) and 26 normolipidemic sedentary subjects, paired for age and gender. In vitro transfer of four lipids to HDL was performed by incubating plasma with donor nanoparticles containing radioactive lipids. Total (193 ± 36 vs 160 ± 43, p = 0.005), LDL (124 ± 3 vs 96 ± 33 p = 0.003) and HDL‐cholesterol (45 ± 10 vs 36 ± 13, p = 0.008), apolipoprotein A‐I (134 ± 20 vs 111 ± 24, p = 0.001) and oxidized LDL (53 ± 13 vs 43 ± 12, p = 0.011) were lower in bedridden patients, whereas triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, CETP and LCAT were equal in both groups. Transfers of all lipids, namely unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, to HDL were lower in bedridden patients, probably due to their lower HDL‐cholesterol levels. Concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, HGF and NGF were higher in bedridden patients compared to sedentary subjects. In conclusion, inactivity had great impact on HDL, by lowering HDL‐cholesterol, apolipoprotein A‐I and thereby cholesterol transfers to the lipoprotein, which suggests that inactivity may deteriorate HDL protection beyond the ordinary sedentary condition.
A Criterial Freezing approach to subject extraction in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Jarrah Marwan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing the Criterial Freezing approach to movement and chain formation (Rizzi 2005, 2006, 2014; Rizzi and Shlonsky 2006, 2007), this study explores the strategies Jordanian Arabic makes available for subject extraction. I argue that subject extraction in this variety of Arabic is constrained by the postulatedD-linking condition of the Subject Criterion– i.e., [spec,SubjP] is filled by an element with the same D(iscourse)-linking status as that of the subject wh-word (D-linked vs. non-D-linked). In case of questions with a D-linked wh-word, [spec,SubjP] can be filled by the D-linked particleillior a deictic (time-point/place-point) adjunct. Unlike time-point adjuncts, the use of place-point adjuncts to fill [spec,SubjP] is subject to the effects of the Phase Impenetrability Condition (Chomsky 2001), given their low base positions. In contrast, in case of questions with a non-D-linked wh-word, I assume that [spec,SubjP] is filled by an expletivepro.
Examining High Rates of Preventable Maternal Mortality in Kenya: Could Provisional Measures be an Effective Tool to Guarantee Safe Pregnancy?
Authors: Burbano-Herrera Clara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the barriers that expectant mothers face in accessing appropriate, quality medical services in Kenya, and investigates the potential for the regional African human rights adjudicator to use provisional measures (PMs) to protect expectant mothers. The article aims to explore whether PMs adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights could be an appropriate legal tool to secure protection for expectant mothers who are dealing with obstacles in obtaining the medical services that they need. In that regard, this contribution suggests that the situation of certain expectant mothers in Kenya meets the two necessary conditions to grant PMs under the African Human Rights system: that the situation is urgent and the measures are necessary to prevent irreparable damage. It suggests that, following the tendency of other international human rights bodies, the Commission has the potential to play a relevant role in the context of maternal mortality.
Constraint solving for finite model finding in SMT solvers
Authors: REYNOLDS ANDREW , TINELLI CESARE , BARRETT CLARK 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSatisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers have been used successfully as reasoning engines for automated verification and other applications based on automated reasoning. Current techniques for dealing with quantified formulas in SMT are generally incomplete, forcing SMT solvers to report “unknown” when they fail to prove the unsatisfiability of a formula with quantifiers. This inability to return counter models limits their usefulness in applications that produce queries involving quantified formulas. In this paper, we reduce these limitations by integrating finite model finding techniques based on constraint solving into the architecture used by modern SMT solvers. This approach is made possible by a novel solver for cardinality constraints, as well as techniques for on-demand instantiation of quantified formulas. Experiments show that our approach is competitive with the state of the art in SMT, and orthogonal to approaches in automated theorem proving.
Negri bodies are viral factories with properties of liquid organelles
Authors: Nikolic Jovan , Le Bars Romain , Lama Zoé , Scrima Nathalie , Lagaudrière-Gesbert Cécile , Gaudin Yves , Blondel Danielle 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReplication of Mononegavirales occurs in viral factories which form inclusions in the host-cell cytoplasm. For rabies virus, those inclusions are called Negri bodies (NBs). We report that NBs have characteristics similar to those of liquid organelles: they are spherical, they fuse to form larger structures, and they disappear upon hypotonic shock. Their liquid phase is confirmed by FRAP experiments. Live-cell imaging indicates that viral nucleocapsids are ejected from NBs and transported along microtubules to form either new virions or secondary viral factories. Coexpression of rabies virus N and P proteins results in cytoplasmic inclusions recapitulating NBs properties. This minimal system reveals that an intrinsically disordered domain and the dimerization domain of P are essential for Negri bodies-like structures formation. We suggest that formation of liquid viral factories by phase separation is common among Mononegavirales and allows specific recruitment and concentration of viral proteins but also the escape to cellular antiviral response.
A channelopathy mutation in the voltage-sensor discloses contributions of a conserved phenylalanine to gating properties of Kv1.1 channels and ataxia
Authors: Hasan Sonia , Bove Cecilia , Silvestri Gabriella , Mantuano Elide , Modoni Anna , Veneziano Liana , Macchioni Lara , Hunter Therese , Hunter Gary , Pessia Mauro , D’Adamo Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChannelopathy mutations prove informative on disease causing mechanisms and channel gating dynamics. We have identified a novel heterozygous mutation in the KCNA1 gene of a young proband displaying typical signs and symptoms of Episodic Ataxia type 1 (EA1). This mutation is in the S4 helix of the voltage-sensing domain and results in the substitution of the highly conserved phenylalanine 303 by valine (p.F303V). The contributions of F303 towards K+ channel voltage gating are unclear and here have been assessed biophysically and by performing structural analysis using rat Kv1.2 coordinates. We observed significant positive shifts of voltage-dependence, changes in the activation, deactivation and slow inactivation kinetics, reduced window currents, and decreased current amplitudes of both Kv1.1 and Kv1.1/1.2 channels. Structural analysis revealed altered interactions between F303V and L339 and I335 of the S5 helix of a neighboring subunit. The substitution of an aromatic phenylalanine with an aliphatic valine within the voltage-sensor destabilizes the open state of the channel. Thus, F303 fine-tunes the Kv1.1 gating properties and contributes to the interactions between the S4 segment and neighboring alpha helices. The resulting channel’s loss of function validates the clinical relevance of the mutation for EA1 pathogenesis.
Nonlinear climatic sensitivity to greenhouse gases over past 4 glacial/interglacial cycles
Authors: Lo Li , Chang Sheng-Pu , Wei Kuo-Yen , Lee Shih-Yu , Ou Tsong-Hua , Chen Yi-Chi , Chuang Chih-Kai , Mii Horng-Sheng , Burr George S. , Chen Min-Te , Tung Ying-Hung , Tsai Meng-Chieh , Hodell David A. , Shen Chuan-Chou 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe paleoclimatic sensitivity to atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) has recently been suggested to be nonlinear, however a GHG threshold value associated with deglaciation remains uncertain. Here, we combine a new sea surface temperature record spanning the last 360,000 years from the southern Western Pacific Warm Pool with records from five previous studies in the equatorial Pacific to document the nonlinear relationship between climatic sensitivity and GHG levels over the past four glacial/interglacial cycles. The sensitivity of the responses to GHG concentrations rises dramatically by a factor of 2–4 at atmospheric CO2 levels of >220 ppm. Our results suggest that the equatorial Pacific acts as a nonlinear amplifier that allows global climate to transition from deglacial to full interglacial conditions once atmospheric CO2 levels reach threshold levels.
Tailoring hydrophobic branch in polyzwitterionic resin for simultaneous capturing of Hg(II) and methylene blue with response surface optimization
Authors: Saleh Tawfik A. , Rachman Ihsan Budi , Ali Shaikh A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new highly efficient cross-linked polymer was synthesized via cyclotetrapolymerization of hydrophilic [(diallylamino)propyl]phosphonic acid hydrochloride (72 mol%), hydrophobic N,N-diallyl-1-[6-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)hexylammonium chloride (18 mol%), cross-linker 1,1,4,4-tetraallylpiperazinium dichloride (10 mol%) with an equivalent amount of alternating SO2 units (100 mol%). The pH-responsive resin chemically tailored with the aminopropylphosphonate chelating ligand and hydrophobic chain of (CH2)6OC6H4-C6H5 is designed to capture toxic metal ions and organic contaminants simultaneously. The developed resin was used for the remediation of Hg(II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solutions as models. The experimental conditions were optimized utilizing the response surface methodology as an environmentally friendly method. The adsorption efficiency for Hg(II) was ≈100% at 10 ppm initial concentration at pH 5 at 25 °C, while it was 80% for removal of the dye in a single pollutant system. Interestingly, the resin demonstrated its remarkable efficacy in the simultaneous and complete removal of Hg(II) and the dye from their mixture. Increased removal of the dye (≈100%) in the presence of Hg(II) was attributed to the synergistic effect. The equilibrium data were evaluated by employing the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
The Role of the Notch Signal Pathway in Mucosal Cell Metaplasia in Mouse Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Liu Xiang , Cong Ning , Cheng Xiang , Ma Rui , Wang Jing , Huang Yi-bo , Zhao Meng , Wang Xin-wei , Chi Fang-Lu , Ren Dong-Dong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOtitis media (OM) is a major cause of morbidity in pediatric and adult patients. This inflammatory condition is characterized by mucous cell hyperplasia that is thought to produce mucins from the middle ear mucosa. We are interested in the role of Notch signalling pathway in this inflammatory process. Using an acute otitis media (AOM) mouse model through injection of Streptococcus Pneumoniae into the middle ear, histopathologic examination and quantitative RT-PCR, acute inflammation with the thickness of mucosa, Goblet cell hyperplasia, and cilia loss were determined and gene expression related to the Notch signaling pathway were evaluated. Upregulation of the mucous cell markers, Argr2 and Muc5AC, and downregulation of the cilia cell marker, Foxj1 and Dnai2, were observed in AOM. In addition, genes encoding Notch receptors and ligands (Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Notch4 and Dll1) and the Notch target genes (Hes1, Hes5, Hey1, NRARP) in AOM decreased significantly. The expression of the Notch1 and Jagged1 also showed down-regulation throughout the mouse middle ear epithelium. Taken together, this study suggests that downregulation of the Notch signaling pathway is involved in the mucosa hyperplasia during AOM.
Self-compensation in arsenic doping of CdTe
Authors: Ablekim Tursun , Swain Santosh K. , Yin Wan-Jian , Zaunbrecher Katherine , Burst James , Barnes Teresa M. , Kuciauskas Darius , Wei Su-Huai , Lynn Kelvin G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEfficient p-type doping in CdTe has remained a critical challenge for decades, limiting the performance of CdTe-based semiconductor devices. Arsenic is a promising p-type dopant; however, reproducible doping with high concentration is difficult and carrier lifetime is low. We systematically studied defect structures in As-doped CdTe using high-purity single crystal wafers to investigate the mechanisms that limit p-type doping. Two As-doped CdTe with varying acceptor density and two undoped CdTe were grown in Cd-rich and Te-rich environments. The defect structures were investigated by thermoelectric-effect spectroscopy (TEES), and first-principles calculations were used for identifying and assigning the experimentally observed defects. Measurements revealed activation of As is very low in both As-doped samples with very short lifetimes indicating strong compensation and the presence of significant carrier trapping defects. Defect studies suggest two acceptors and one donor level were introduced by As doping with activation energies at ~88 meV, ~293 meV and ~377 meV. In particular, the peak shown at ~162 K in the TEES spectra is very prominent in both As-doped samples, indicating a signature of AX-center donors. The AX-centers are believed to be responsible for most of the compensation because of their low formation energy and very prominent peak intensity in TEES spectra.
3D models of the hematopoietic stem cell niche under steady-state and active conditions
Authors: Rödling Lisa , Schwedhelm Ivo , Kraus Saskia , Bieback Karen , Hansmann Jan , Lee-Thedieck Cornelia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow are able to differentiate into all types of blood cells and supply the organism each day with billions of fresh cells. They are applied to cure hematological diseases such as leukemia. The clinical need for HSCs is high and there is a demand for being able to control and multiply HSCs in vitro. The hematopoietic system is highly proliferative and thus sensitive to anti-proliferative drugs such as chemotherapeutics. For many of these drugs suppression of the hematopoietic system is the dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, biomimetic 3D models of the HSC niche that allow to control HSC behavior in vitro and to test drugs in a human setting are relevant for the clinics and pharmacology. Here, we describe a perfused 3D bone marrow analog that allows mimicking the HSC niche under steady-state and activated conditions that favor either HSC maintenance or differentiation, respectively, and allows for drug testing.