bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Preorders for dMTS
Authors: Bujtor Ferenc , Sorokin Lev , Vogler Walter 
Published: December 2016

Testing preorders on component specifications ensure that replacing a specification by a refined one does not introduce unwanted behavior in an overall system. Considering deadlocks as unwanted, the preorder can be characterized by a failure semantics on Labeled Transition Systems (LTSs). In previous work, we have generalized this to Modal Transition Systems (MTSs) with a new, MTS-specific testing idea. In the present article, we generalize this idea further to DMTS, a subclass of disjunctive MTSs. On the one hand, the testing preorder can be characterized by the same failure semantics, and dMTS have no additional expressivity in our setting. On the other hand, the technical treatment is significantly harder and, surprisingly, the preorder is not compositional.
Furthermore, we regard deadlocks and divergence (infinite unobservable runs) as unwanted and characterize the testing preorder with an unusual failure-divergence semantics. This preorder is already on LTSs strictly coarser—and hence arguably better—than the traditional failure-divergence preorder. It is a precongruence on dMTS, also for hiding, and much easier to handle than the deadlock-based preorder. It arises as well from a new variant of De Nicola’s and Hennessy’s must-testing.
Indo-Brazilian Late Palaeozoic wildfires: an overview on macroscopic charcoal
Authors: Jasper André , Uhl Dieter , Tewari Rajni , Guerra-Sommer Margot , Spiekermann Rafael , Manfroi Joseline , Osterkamp Isa Carla , Benício José Rafael Wanderley , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary Elizabeth Cerruti , Pires Etiene Fabbrin , Rosa Átila Augusto Stock da 
Published: December 2016

Sedimentary charcoal is widely accepted as a direct indicator for the occurrence of paleo-wildfires and, in Upper Paleozoic sediments of Euramerica and Cathaysia, reports on such remains are relatively common and (regionally and stratigraphically) more or less homogeneously distributed. On the contrary, just a few reliable records have been published for the Late Paleozoic of Gondwana and only recently it has been demonstrated that macroscopic charcoals (and thus fires) were also common in the southern continent during this period. The most important Gondwanan records are predominantly charred gymnosperm woods mainly related to coal bearing strata. Late Paleozoic macro-charcoal occurs in both, the Damodar Basin (India) and the Paraná Basin (Brazil), demonstrating that paleo-wildfires were spread out in different sequences and distinct stratigraphic intervals during this period in Gondwana. Based on the so far published records as well as new samples from the Seam-VI coalfield, Raniganj Formation (Damodar Basin – Lopingian of India), an overview of the Late Paleozoic Indo‑Brazilian macro-charcoal remains is presented. The hitherto unpublished samples were anatomically analyzed under Scanning Electron Microscope and a gymnosperm affinity could be established. The data presented here reinforce the relevance of paleo-wildfire as a source of environmental disturbance over large areas of Gondwana during the Late Paleozoic.
Is the Equity of Access to Healthcare a European Constitutional Standard? A Comparative Review
Authors: Sześciło Dawid 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A welfare state crisis resulting from austerity policies creates risks to healthcare systems throughout Europe. It escalates the pressure to reduce State responsibilities and weakens the guarantees of accessibility and quality of health services. One of the most effective barriers to this tendency might be a strong constitutional standard of the right to health. This article reviews the constitutional acts of 28 European Union Member States in order to explore the scope of protection of the right to health, with a special focus on the various aspects of equity of access to healthcare. It also shows the absence of a universal European standard of the constitutional regulation of this matter, and describe major differences relating to formulation, level of protection guaranteed, and the material scope of regulation. In conclusion, a hypothesis is proposed on the potential role of constitutional guarantees in preventing the deterioration of accessibility of health services.
Opacity, Credit Rating Shopping, and Bias
Authors: Sangiorgi Francesco , Spatt Chester 
Published: December 2016

We develop a rational expectations model in which an issuer purchases credit ratings sequentially, deciding which to disclose to investors. Opacity about contacts between the issuer and rating agencies induces potential asymmetric information about which ratings the issuer obtained. While the equilibrium forces disclosure of ratings when the market knows these have been generated, endogenous uncertainty about whether there are undisclosed ratings can arise and lead to selective disclosure and rating bias. Although investors account for this bias in pricing, selective disclosure makes ratings noisier signals of project value, leading to inefficient investment decisions. Our paper suggests that regulatory disclosure requirements are welfare enhancing. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Establishing a nurse practitioner model to enhance continuity between palliative care settings
Authors: O'Connor Margaret , Palfreyman Stacey , Le Brian , Lau Rosalind 
Published: December 2016

Background:Nurse practitioners (NP) are relatively new in Australia with national registration achieved in 2010. Most NP-related literature is about establishing models and scope of practice. This paper reports on the establishment and 12–month evaluation of an NP model of care, between inpatient and community palliative care services, developed to coordinate client care between hospital and home.Aim:To enhance patient outcomes, in hospital or home; to enhance professional relationships between services and facilitate effective discharges and admissions between services.Design and setting:Both services worked together to develop an evaluation framework, based on agreed key performance indicators.Results:The NP model contributed to earlier discharges from hospital and fewer hospital admissions for those being cared for at home. There are developing opportunities to strengthen professional relationships through clinical and educational collaboration.Conclusion:The model has benefited both patient care and clinical cooperation between services.
Criticisms for opressive managerial practices on individual and society in the works of Necdet Şen<p>Necdet Şen’in eserlerinde bireyi ve toplumu baskı altına alan yönetimsel uygulamalara yönelik eleştiriler
Authors: Keskin Uğur 
Published: December 2016

Although comic strip artist Necdet Şen has not primarily established a direct relationship with management sciences, he mentioned about this issue in many of his works. Necdet Şen, in his works, criticized the practices which lead to oppression and tutelage over individuals and society. As an individual in the society, Necdet Şen intuitively perceived the oppression on individuals caused by other individuals or institutions and dealt with them in his works. This study examines and explains these works written or drawn based on this intuitive approach and presents the managerial practices causing oppression and tutelage on individuals as well as on society. ÖzetÇizgi roman sanatçısı Necdet Şen, birincil amaç olarak yönetim bilimleri alanı ile doğrudan ilişki gözetmemiş olmasına rağmen bu alana ilişkin konulara birçok eserlerinde yer vermiştir. Necdet Şen, hem bireyi hem de toplumu baskı ve vesayet altına alan uygulamaları, kaleme aldığı eserleriyle eleştirmiştir. Toplumun bir bireyi olarak Necdet Şen, kişi veya kurumlar aracılığıyla oluşturularak bireye yönelen baskıyı, sezgisel olarak algılamış ve eserlerine konu etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Necdet Şen’in söz konusu sezgisel yaklaşımı doğrultusunda yazdığı ve çizdiği eserler üzerinde yapılan incelemeyle, bireyi baskı altına alan yönetimsel uygulamalar ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bireye tekil olarak yönelen baskının/vesayetin yanı sıra toplumun geneli üzerinde oluşturulan baskı ve vesayet de ele alınarak açıklanmıştır.
Absurd Speculations
Authors: Reznicek Matthew L. 
Published: December 2016

Matthew L. Reznicek, “Absurd Speculations: The Tragedy of Development in Maria Edgeworth’s Ormond” (pp. 291–314)
This essay explores shared concerns regarding the representation of economic development that occurs in Maria Edgeworth’s Irish bildungsromanOrmond (1817) and in Johann Wolfang von Goethe’s two-part tragic retelling of the Faust myth (1808, 1832), building on recent interest in the representation of money in literature from the romantic period. While these two literary works are often seen as foundational texts in their respective national literatures, they both also explore the damning effects of economic and social development, especially through the medium of paper money. To this end, I examine the representation of paper money in Goethe’s Faust Part Two and of the capitalist ventures of Sir Ulick O’Shane in Ormond in order to situate more firmly Edgeworth’s writing within the broad European literary and social landscape. By focusing on the tragic representation of modernizing economics in these two works, it becomes obvious that Edgeworth, like Goethe, participates in and advances the formation of a modern world.
“Sacred Ties of Brotherhood”
Authors: Magyarody Katherine 
Published: December 2016

Katherine Magyarody, “‘Sacred Ties of Brotherhood’: The Social Mediation of Imperial Ideology in The Last of the Mohicans and Canadian Crusoes” (pp. 315–342)
This essay analyzes narrative patterns of colonist-indigenous relations within Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) and two Robinsonade texts, James Fenimore Cooper’s The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and Catharine Parr Traill’s Canadian Crusoes (1852). Within the latter texts, the multiplication of Crusoe into “castaway” groups allows for an investigation of the social collateral of reaffirming racial hierarchies via settlers’ allegiance to indigenous individuals while destroying larger indigenous communities. In The Last of the Mohicans, the hybrid Cora Munroe and the Mohican Uncas’s love for her threatens the established pattern of homosocial interracial friendship; their deaths reaffirm racial boundaries. Conversely, by depicting a “coterie” of Scotch, French-Canadian, hybrid, and Mohawk members, Canadian Crusoes self-consciously rewrites the tragedy of Cooper’s novel so that sororal love enables cross-cultural marriage. Nevertheless, Traill’s proleptic descriptions of Canadian settlement mark her narrative as an alternate history that diverges from the progressive alienation of Native communities.
Debt, Taxes, and Reform in Walter Scott’s Count Robert of Paris
Authors: Goldberg Brian 
Published: December 2016

Brian Goldberg, “Debt, Taxes, and Reform in Walter Scott’s Count Robert of Paris” (pp. 343–368)
Walter Scott’s Count Robert of Paris (1831) treats “debt” in a way determined by the author’s response to the Reform Crisis of 1830–1832. Scott’s solution to the reformist impulse was the reintroduction of the income tax. He believed that an income tax would give the nation’s elites an opportunity to acknowledge their duties and contribute their fair share toward the payment of the national war debt, thus stabilizing the economy and eliminating a crucial motive for reform legislation. Count Robert of Paris reimagines this solution by translating the nation’s relationship to government debt into a system of personal indebtedness. While the novel’s main characters, the Anglo-Saxon mercenary Hereward and the Crusader Count Robert, assume their roles in a working hierarchy through the assumption and discharge of debt, these developments take place in a dystopian fictional world that reflects Scott’s apprehensions about reform. In Count Robert’s late-eleventh-century Constantinople, leaders evade responsibility, justice is inscrutable or impossible to achieve, and the city is populated by Crusaders and Byzantines who are unwilling or unable to recognize or pay what they owe.
Blackness and Heathenism. Color, Theology, and Race in the Portuguese World, c. 1450-1600
Authors: Marcocci Giuseppe 
Published: December 2016

The coexistence of a process of hierarchy and discrimination among human groups alongside dynamics of cultural and social hybridization in the Portuguese world in the early modern age has led to an intense historiographical debate. This article aims to contribute to extending our perspectives, focusing on the circulation of two global categories of classification: negro (Black) and gentio (Heathen) between the mid-fifteenth and late-sixteenth century. In particular, it explores the intersections between the perception of skin color and the reworking of theological concepts in a biologizing direction, which ran parallel to the development of an anti-Jewish theory based on blood purity. The line of enquiry leads from the coasts of West Africa, where it immediately meets the problem of slavery, to Brazil, via South Asia. The intense cross-fertilization of the categories of negro and gentio in the Portuguese world provides us with an alternative geography and institutional process of racialization to that of the Spanish Empire.
Numerical simulation of solidification around a circular cylinder with natural convection
Authors: Truong Vu Van , Anh Truong Viet , Ngoc Hoang Thi Bich 
Published: December 2016

An analysis is carried out for solidification around a cold cylinder in a rectangular cavity using numerical simulations. The transient influences of solidification accompanied by natural convection are investigated in detail. The governing equations, in terms of one-fluid formulation, including the Navier-Stokes and energy equations for incompressible Newtonian fluids are written for the whole domain. The no-slip and Dirichlet-type isothermal temperature boundary conditions are both implemented using a linear interpolation technique (immersed boundary method). The solidification interface is represented by connected elements that move on the fixed background grid. Code validations are carried out through various problems. Finally, the temporal dependence of the solid area ratio of the solid phase to the cylinder upon various dimensionless parameters, such as Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, Stefan number, thermal property ratios as well as a parameter indicating the effect of superheat is studied.
Az egyvirágú here (Trifolium ornithopodioides (L.) Sm.) „újrafelfedezése” a Hortobágyon
Authors: Nótári Krisztina , Jakab Gusztáv , Pifkó Dániel 
Published: December 2016

Az első szerző 2009 nyarán a Hortobágyon található Ágota-puszta délkeleti részén megtalálta az egyvirágú here (Trifolium ornithopodioides) vegetatív állapotú egyedeit. A növény a megtalálás helyén egy ősmedervonulat szikfok-zónájában él. A faj másik állományát 2016-ban a második szerző találta a karcagi Ecse-zugban, kiszáradt, legelt ecsetpázsitosban. Az egyvirágú herének a Hortobágyról csak egy adata volt ismert ezidáig, melyet Szujkó-Lacza et al. (1982) publikált egy 1974-es gyűjtés alapján. A gyűjtés bizonyító példánya, amely a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum Növénytárában (BP) található, rosszul határozható, hiányos példány, de a pálhalevelek vizsgálata alapján feltételezhető, hogy nem Trifolium ornithopodioides egyede van a lapon. Így tehát a 2009-es észlelés az egyvirágú here első hiteles adata a Hortobágyról.
Varicose veins: a clinical study
Authors: Mulla Sameer Ahmed , Pai Srinivas 
Published: December 2016

Background: Varicose veins are a common condition affecting the lower limbs. Apart from being a cosmetic problem, it can have some serious complications if not treated in time. Multiple modes of surgical management exist for the disease. Complications of the surgery are troublesome and difficult to treat.Methods: This is a prospective study done in inpatients of SDM college of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. A total of 70 patients were included in this study and various general, demographic, clinical and surgical data outcomes were studied over a period of 4 years.Results: In our study of 70 patients we found the mean age of the study population to be 45.6% with a range of 21 to 70 years. Male patients (80%) outnumbered the females (20%). Among the 70 limbs studied, 30 (42.85%) patients had the involvement of GSV and communicating system, 6 (8.57%) had involvement of GSV and SSV systems, whereas SSV and CS were affected in 2 (2.85%) patients. 2 (2.85%) had all the three systems involved. Complications of surgery were noted in 22 (31.42%) patients, seroma formation (10%) was the commonest, followed by recurrence of the disease (8.57%), hematoma (4.28%), wound infection (2.85%) and neuropathy (5.71%).Conclusions: Varicose veins are a frequent occurrence. Commonly affect middle aged males, required to work standing for prolonged hours. The great saphenous and the communicating systems are most commonly involved, followed by great saphenous system alone. Pain is the most common presenting symptom and pigmentation the most common complication of the disease. The treatment depends on the site of incompetence and should hence be tailor-made for each case.
Clinical profile of patients with pancreatitis
Authors: Shakeel MD. , Irfan Syed Shahid 
Published: December 2016

Background: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process leading to abdominal pain, progressive destruction of the exocrine tissue and in some patients a loss of endocrine tissue as well. However owing to the tremendous reserve of pancreatic function, insufficiency may be at subclinical at least in the beginning of the disease.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted which included the patients admitted with pancreatitis. For all the patients, meticulous records will be maintained regarding clinical features, family history of pancreatitis, alcohol intake, dietary habits, and stigmata of alcoholic liver diseases and by performing various investigations. 200 cases admitted, diagnosed to have pancreatitis.Results: The most common diagnosis was acute pancreatitis (48%) followed by chronic pancreatitis (12%), acute pancreatitis and pseudocyst (12%), acute on chronic pancreatitis (12%), necrotizing pancreatitis (8%) and acute pancreatitis with others (8%).Conclusions: Overall acute pancreatitis constituted 76%, chronic pancreatitis 12% and acute on chronic pancreatitis 12%.
An Investigation of First-Year Engineering Student and Instructor Perspectives of Learning Analytics Approaches
Authors: Knight David B , Brozina Cory , Novoselich Brian 
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates how first-year engineering undergraduates and their instructors describe the potential for learning analytics approaches to contribute to students’ success. Results of qualitative data collection in a first-year engineering course indicated that both students and instructors emphasized a preference for learning analytics systems to focus on aggregate as opposed to individual data. Another consistent theme across students and instructors was an interest in bringing data related to time (e.g., how time is spent outside of class) into learning analytics products. Students’ and instructors’ viewpoints diverged in the “level” at which they would find a learning analytics dashboard useful—instructors remained focused on a specific class, but students drove the conversation to a much broader scope at the major or university level but in a discipline-specific manner. Such practices that select relevant data and develop models with learners and teachers instead of for learners and teachers should better inform development of and, ultimately, sustainable use of learning analytics-based models and dashboards.
Big Data Characterization of Learner Behaviour in a Highly Technical MOOC Engineering Course
Authors: Douglas Kerrie Anna , Bermel Peter , Alam Md Monzurul , Madhavan Krishna 
Published: December 2016

MOOCs attract a large number of users with unknown diversity in terms of motivation, ability, and goals. To understand more about learners in a MOOC, the authors explored clusters of user clickstream patterns in a highly technical MOOC, Nanophotonic Modelling through the algorithm k-means++. Five clusters of user behaviour emerged: Fully Engaged, Consistent Viewers, One-Week Engaged, Two-Week Engaged, and Sporadic users. Assessment behaviours and scores are then examined within each cluster, and found different between clusters. Nonparametric statistical test, Kruskal-Wallis yielded a significant difference between user behaviour in each cluster. To make accurate inferences about what occurs in a MOOC, a first step is to understand the patterns of user behaviour. The latent characteristics that contribute to user behaviour must be explored in future research. Keywords: MOOCs, Learning Analytics, Assessment
Maintaining Momentum Toward Graduation: OER and the Course Throughput Rate
Authors: Hilton III John Levi , Fischer Lane , Wiley David , William Linda 
Published: December 2016

<p class="3"><em>Open Educational Resources</em> (OER) have the potential to replace traditional textbooks in higher education. Previous studies indicate that use of OER results in high student and faculty satisfaction, lower costs, and similar or better educational outcomes. In this case study, we compared students using traditional textbooks with those using OER at Tidewater Community College to compare their performance on what we call course throughput rates, which is an aggregate of three variables – drop rates, withdrawal rates, and C or better rates. Two self-selecting cohorts were compared over four semesters, with statistically significant results. The study found that, subject to the limitations discussed, students who use OER perform significantly better on the course throughput rate than their peers who use traditional textbooks, in both face-to-face and online courses that use OER. This suggests that OER are a promising avenue for reducing the costs of higher education while increasing academic success.</p>
Assuring Quality in E-Learning Course Design: The Roadmap
Authors: Vlachopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: December 2016

<p class="3">Quality Assurance (QA) concepts and applications in Higher Education (HE) emerge from evolving meanings related to HE’s dynamic relationship with social, economic, cultural, and technological developments. The latter has been redefined by the growth spurred by the forms distance and online education acquired during the last decades. Creating a roadmap with clearly articulated meanings of quality and consistent key actions fills a need for the involved communities to reground the research, policy-making, and the related discourse. Our current work consists of a thorough meta-analysis on all available research in every identified pertinent field. It is a qualitative review of the concepts, definitions, and approaches about quality in general, but also specifically, in e-learning in HE, as they have globally appeared in peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and web pages. As we left no stone unturned in enquiring regarding the meanings, uses, evolution, and applicability of the revealed variables it is our hope that the roadmap we provide here will guide future research and support policy-making in the field. The present study is part of the research project<em> e-learning Quality Assurance Design Standards in Higher Education</em> (e-QADeSHE), which was funded by Laureate International Universities as the winning research project for the <em>International David Wilson Award for Excellence in Teaching and Learning</em> (2015 edition).</p>