bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User-generated content on the Facebook page of an emergency management agency
Authors: Kurian Jayan Chirayath , John Blooma Mohan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore themes eventuating from the user-generated content posted by users on the Facebook page of an emergency management agency.

Design/methodology/approach
An information classification framework was used to classify user-generated content posted by users including all of the content posted during a six month period (January to June 2015). The posts were read and analysed thematically to determine the overarching themes evident across the entire collection of user posts.

Findings
The results of the analysis demonstrate that the key themes that eventuate from the user-generated content posted are “Self-preparedness”, “Emergency signalling solutions”, “Unsurpassable companion”, “Aftermath of an emergency”, and “Gratitude towards emergency management staff”. Major user-generated content identified among these themes are status-update, criticism, recommendation, and request.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to theory on the development of key themes from user-generated content posted by users on a public social networking site. An analysis of user-generated content identified in this study implies that, Facebook is primarily used for information dissemination, coordination and collaboration, and information seeking in the context of emergency management. Users may gain the benefits of identity construction and social provisions, whereas social conflict is a potential detrimental implication. Other user costs include lack of social support by stakeholders, investment in social infrastructure and additional work force required to alleviate the technological, organisational, and social barriers in communication among stakeholders in emergency management. A collective activity system built upon the Activity Theory was used as a lens to describe users’ activity of posting content on the Facebook page of an emergency management agency.

Practical implications
By analysing the findings, administrators and policy makers of emergency management could identify the extent to which the core principles of disaster recovery are accomplished using public social networking sites. These are achieved in relation to: pre-disaster recovery planning; partnership and inclusiveness; public information messaging; unity of effort; and, psychological recovery to maximise the success of recovery in a disaster. Furthermore, a core principle which evoked a mixed response was timeliness and flexibility.

Originality/value
Previous studies have examined the role of social networking sites in disastrous situations, but to date there has been very little research into determining themes found in user-generated content posted on the Facebook page of an emergency management agency. Hence, this study addresses the gap in literature by conducting a thematic analysis of user-generated content posted on the Facebook page of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Forming metal components through a novel fused-coating based additive manufacturing
Authors: Fang Xuewei , Wei Zhengying , Du Jun , Bingheng Lu , He Pengfei , Wang Bowen , Chen Jian , Geng Ruwei 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aimed to propose a novel fused-coating-based additive manufacturing (FCAM); the study of key process parameters and mechanical tests are performed to determine the proper parameters when building metal components.

Design/methodology/approach
Sn63Pb37 alloy is deposited in an induction heating furnace with a fused-coating nozzle to build metal parts on a copper-clad substrate. The process parameters including nozzle pressure, nozzle and substrate temperature and nozzle gap between substrate are analyzed and found to have great influence on parts quality. The mechanical property tests between the fused-coating and casting parts are performed in horizontal and vertical directions. Also, the optical microscopy images are used to ascertain under which conditions good bonding can be achieved.

Findings
A FCAM method is proposed, and the exploration study about the manufacturing process is carried out. The critical parameters are analyzed, and microscopy images prove the suitable temperature range that requires to fabricate metal parts. The mechanical tests confirm that tensile strength of printing parts is improved by 20.4 and 11.9 per cent in horizontal and vertical direction than casting parts. The experimental results indicate that there is a close relationship between process parameters and mechanical properties.

Originality/value
This paper proves that FCAM provides an alternative way to quickly make functional metal parts with good quality and flexibility compared with other additive manufacturing methods. Moreover, good mechanical property is achieved than conventional casting parts.
Role of process parameters during additive manufacturing by direct metal deposition of Inconel 718
Authors: Chen Bo , Mazumder Jyoti 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The aim of this research is to study the influence of laser additive manufacturing process parameters on the deposit formation characteristics of Inconel 718 superalloy, the main parameters that influence the forming characteristics, the cooling rate and the microstructure were studied.

Design/methodology/approach
Orthogonal experiment design method was used to obtain different deposit shape and microstructure using different process parameters by multiple layers deposition. The relationship between the processing parameters and the geometry of the cladding was analyzed, and the dominant parameters that influenced the cladding width and height were identified. The cooling rates of different forming conditions were obtained by the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS).

Findings
The microstructure showed different characteristics at different parts of the deposit. Cooling rate of different samples were obtained and compared by using the SDAS, and the influence of the process parameters to the cooling rate was analyzed. Finally, micro-hardness tests were done, and the results were found to be in accordance with the micro-structure distribution.

Originality/value
Relationships between processing parameters and the forming characteristics and the cooling rates were obtained. The results obtained in this paper will help to understand the relationship between the process parameters and the forming quality of the additive manufacturing process, so as to obtain the desired forming quality by appropriate parameters.
Generalised relative and cumulative response functions for electromagnetic induction conductivity meters operating at low induction numbers
Authors: Moura de Andrade Fernando César , Fischer Tomáš 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRelative and cumulative analytical response functions have been widely used as a powerful tool for forward modelling and interpretation of measurements obtained by electromagnetic induction conductivity meters operating at low induction numbers for one‐dimensional layered earth models. These well‐known functions were derived and should be used for the instruments laid on the surface of the earth. In this paper, we extended the response functions and obtained new generalised analytical expressions, which can be used for instruments carried at any height from the surface. The proposed new equations were compared with numerically constructed functions, obtained using the full solution of Maxwell's equations, and proved to be in very good agreement at low induction numbers. Quantitative analyses of the behaviour of the relative response and the depth of investigation of electromagnetic induction instruments, when raised from the ground, could also be done using the generalised functions.
Indirect effects of ecosystem engineering combine with consumer behaviour to determine the spatial distribution of herbivory
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Riley Megan E. , Cannizzo Zachary J. , Feller Ilka C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Ecosystem engineers alter environments by creating, modifying or destroying habitats. The indirect impacts of ecosystem engineering on trophic interactions should depend on the combination of the spatial distribution of engineered structures and the foraging behaviour of consumers that use these structures as refuges.

In this study, we assessed the indirect effects of ecosystem engineering by a wood‐boring beetle in a neotropical mangrove forest system. We identified herbivory patterns in a dwarf mangrove forest on the archipelago of Twin Cays, Belize.

Past wood‐boring activity impacted more than one‐third of trees through the creation of tree holes that are now used, presumably as predation or thermal refuge, by the herbivorous mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii. The presence of these refuges had a significant impact on plant–animal interactions; herbivory was more than fivefold higher on trees influenced by tree holes relative to those that were completely isolated from these refuges. Additionally, herbivory decreased exponentially with increasing distance from tree holes.

We use individual‐based simulation modelling to demonstrate that the creation of these herbivory patterns depends on a combination of the use of engineered tree holes for refuge by tree crabs, and the use of two behaviour patterns in this species—site fidelity to a “home tree,” and more frequent foraging near their home tree.

We demonstrate that understanding the spatial distribution of herbivory in this system depends on combining both the use of ecosystem engineering structures with individual behavioural patterns of herbivores.
E. P. Thompson: Last of the English Radicals?
Authors: Kenny Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHistorian, activist and campaigner Edward Thompson is seen as an exemplar of an English radicalism which some see as a lineage with which the contemporary Labour party might fruitfully reconnect. This article examines how Thompson himself understood and characterised the ‘English radical idiom’ and traces his use and then abandonment of this idea in the middle years of his career. It offers some wider reflections about what the insights and lessons associated with his historical writings and reflections on the distinctive nature of English cultural and social thought.
Expulsions and adverse events following immediate and later insertion of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system after medical termination of late first‐ and second‐trimester pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Korjamo R , Mentula M , Heikinheimo O 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo compare expulsions and adverse events (AEs) between immediate and delayed insertion of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) following medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP).DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingHelsinki University Hospital, Finland, January 2013–December 2014.PopulationCohorts of 102 (gestational age 64–84 days, late first trimester) and 57 (gestational age 85–140 days, second trimester) women requesting MTOP and LNG‐IUS contraception.MethodsLNG‐IUS insertion occurred immediately (same day) or 2–4 weeks following MTOP. Follow‐up visits were at 2–4 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year.Main outcome measuresLNG‐IUS expulsion by 3 months and 1 year. AEs and bleeding profiles within 3 months.ResultsFollowing late first‐trimester MTOP the LNG‐IUS expulsion rates by 3 months were 14 (27.5%) in the immediate‐insertion group and two (4.0%) in the delayed‐insertion group (risk ratio, RR 6.86; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.64–28.66). By 1 year the expulsion rates were 17 (33.3%) and six (12.0%) (RR 2.78, 95% CI 1.19–6.47). Following second‐trimester MTOP LNG‐IUS expulsion rates by 3 months and 1 year were five (18.5%) in the immediate‐insertion group and one (3.6%) in the delayed‐insertion group (RR 5.19, 95% CI 0.65–41.54). No differences in AEs and bleeding profiles emerged between the groups.ConclusionsImmediate LNG‐IUS insertion after late first‐ or second‐trimester MTOP is feasible, does not increase the complication rate, or alter the uterine bleeding patterns; however, immediate insertion increased the expulsion rate, which may limit the cost‐effectiveness.Tweetable abstractImmediate insertion of LNG‐IUS following MTOP at 9–20 weeks of gestation is feasible and safe.
A Fully Automatic Method for Comparing Cartridge Case Images,
Authors: Tai Xiao Hui , Eddy William F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen a gun is fired, it leaves marks on cartridge cases that are thought to be unique to the gun. In current practice, firearms examiners inspect cartridge cases for “sufficient agreement,” in which case they conclude that they come from the same gun, testifying in courts as such. A 2016 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology report questioned the scientific validity of such analysis (President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, Washington, DC, Executive Office of the President). One recommendation was to convert firearms analysis to an objective method. We propose a fully automated, open‐source method for comparing breechface marks on cartridge cases using 2D optical images. We improve on existing methodology by automating the selection of marks, and removing the effects of circular symmetry. We propose an empirical computation of a “random match probability” given a known database, which can be used to quantify the weight of evidence. We demonstrate an improvement in accuracy on images from controlled test fires.
Morphology and development of the male reproductive tract in Callinectes danae (Crustacea: Brachyura)
Authors: Shinozaki‐Mendes Renata A. , Lessa Rosângela 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the morphology and function of each section of the reproductive system of male Callinectes danae, as well as the stages of reproductive development and their relation to secondary sexual characteristics. Development of their reproductive system begins after completion of the pubertal moult. The growth of the gonopodium showed negative allometry for both juveniles and adults. The reproductive system is divided into portions with different functions. There is a germinal zone in the testes containing spermatogonia, a zone of maturation containing spermatocytes, spermatids or spermatozoa, as well as a collecting duct, which carries spermatozoa to the vas deferens. There are two matrices in the anterior vas deferens that initiate the separation of spermatozoa groups, one composed of polysaccharide acids (matrix I) and another consisting of neutral polysaccharides (matrix II). In the median vas deferens, the matrix II forms an acellular capsule, which forms the spermatophores. In the posterior vas deferens, the matrices are accumulated, initially with a granular texture and are homogenous for the final portion. The ejaculatory duct and penis have muscle lining to expel the spermatophores at copulation. Even after copulation, males retain a stock of spermatophores, allowing copulation with other females.
Obesity in patients with major depression is related to bipolarity and mixed features: evidence from the BRIDGE‐II‐Mix study
Authors: Petri Eleonora , Bacci Olivia , Barbuti Margherita , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Azorin Jean‐Michel , Angst Jules , Bowden Charles L. , Mosolov Sergey , Vieta Eduard , Young Allan H , Perugi Giulio ,   BRIDGE‐II‐Mix Study Group
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe Bipolar Disorders: Improving Diagnosis, Guidance and Education (BRIDGE)‐II‐Mix study aimed to estimate the frequency of mixed states in patients with a major depressive episode (MDE) according to different definitions. The present post‐hoc analysis evaluated the association between obesity and the presence of mixed features and bipolarity.MethodsA total of 2811 MDE subjects were enrolled in a multicenter cross‐sectional study. In 2744 patients, the body mass index (BMI) was evaluated. Psychiatric symptoms, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected, comparing the characteristics of MDE patients with (MDE‐OB) and without (MDE‐NOB) obesity.ResultsObesity (BMI ≥30) was registered in 493 patients (18%). In the MDE‐OB group, 90 patients (20%) fulfilled the DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for bipolar disease (BD), 225 patients (50%) fulfilled the bipolarity specifier criteria, 59 patients (13%) fulfilled DSM‐5 criteria for MDEs with mixed features, and 226 patients (50%) fulfilled Research‐Based Diagnostic Criteria for an MDE. Older age, history of (hypo)manic switches during antidepressant treatment, the occurrence of three or more MDEs, atypical depressive features, antipsychotic treatment, female gender, depressive mixed state according to DSM‐5 criteria, comorbid eating disorders, and anxiety disorders were significantly associated with the MDE‐OB group. Among (hypo)manic symptoms during the current MDE, psychomotor agitation, distractibility, increased energy, and risky behaviors were the variables most frequently associated with MDE‐OB group.ConclusionsIn our sample, the presence of obesity in patients with an MDE seemed to be associated with higher rates of bipolar spectrum disorders. These findings suggest that obesity in patients with an MDE could be considered as a possible marker of bipolarity.
The new generation super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) system: a step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Zeng Guohua , Zhu Wei , Liu Yang , Fan Junhong , Zhao Zhijian , Cai Chao 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo present our novel miniaturised endoscopic system and describe a step‐by‐step guide for successful implementation of the super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP).Patients and MethodsThe new‐generation SMP endoscopic system consists of (i) a 40 000‐pixel super‐mini nephroscope with an 8.0‐F outer diameter and 7.5‐F inner diameter dismountable sheath, and (ii) a newly designed irrigation‐suction sheath available in either 12 F or 14 F. The irrigation‐suction sheath is a two‐layered metal structure. The key feature of the irrigation‐suction sheath is to allow irrigation and suction respectively (the inflow through the space between the two layers of the sheath, the outflow through the central lumen of the sheath). This property improves irrigation and stone clearance despite reduced instrument dimension. In all, 59 patients with renal stones underwent new‐generation SMP between April 2016 and December 2016. The percutaneous tract dilatation was carried out to 14 F. Lithotripsy was performed using either holmium laser or a pneumatic lithotripter. Stone fragments were sucked out by vacuum suctioning through the sheath. A nephrostomy tube or JJ stent was placed only if clinically indicated. Low‐dose computed tomography was performed to assess the stone‐free status on the morning after the procedure.ResultsThe mean stone burden was 2.4 cm. Of the 59 patients, nine had diabetes and five had hypertension. SMP was completed successfully in all patients with a mean operation duration of 32.9 min and a mean haemoglobin decrease of 13 g/L. The stone‐free rate was 91.5%. Complications occurred in 5.1% of the patients, all of them were Clavien–Dindo Grade I (minor fever managed by antipyretic therapy), and no transfusions were needed.ConclusionThe new‐generation SMP system is safe, feasible, and effective for managing renal calculi of <3 cm, with the advantages of a small percutaneous tract, less blood loss, high efficacy in stone clearance, improved visual field, short operation duration, and ease of operating.
Changes in the plasma membrane in metabolic disease: impact of the membrane environment on G protein‐coupled receptor structure and function
Authors: Desai Aditya J , Miller Laurence J 
Published: July 2017

Drug development targeting GPCRs often utilizes model heterologous cell expression systems, reflecting an implicit assumption that the membrane environment has little functional impact on these receptors or on their responsiveness to drugs. However, much recent data have illustrated that membrane components can have an important functional impact on intrinsic membrane proteins. This review is directed toward gaining a better understanding of the structure of the plasma membrane in health and disease, and how this organelle can influence GPCR structure, function and regulation. It is important to recognize that the membrane provides a potential mode of lateral allosteric regulation of GPCRs and can affect the effectiveness of drugs and their biological responses in various disease states, which can even vary among individuals across the population. The type 1 cholecystokinin receptor is reviewed as an exemplar of a class A GPCR that is affected in this way by changes in the plasma membrane.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc
Evaluating the antifibrotic potency of galunisertib in a human ex vivo model of liver fibrosis
Authors: Luangmonkong Theerut , Suriguga Su , Bigaeva Emilia , Boersema Miriam , Oosterhuis Dorenda , de Jong Koert P , Schuppan Detlef , Mutsaers Henricus A M , Olinga Peter 
Published: July 2017

Background and PurposeLiver fibrosis is a major cause of liver‐related mortality and, so far, no effective antifibrotic drug is available. Galunisertib, a TGF‐β receptor type I kinase inhibitor, is a potential candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Here, we evaluated the potency of galunisertib in a human ex vivo model of liver fibrosis.Experimental ApproachAntifibrotic potency and associated mechanisms were studied ex vivo, using both healthy and cirrhotic human precision‐cut liver slices. Fibrosis‐related parameters, both transcriptional and translational level, were assessed after treatment with galunisertib.Key ResultsGalunisertib showed a prominent antifibrotic potency. Phosphorylation of SMAD2 was inhibited, while that of SMAD1 remained unchanged. In healthy and cirrhotic human livers, spontaneous transcription of numerous genes encoding collagens, including collagen type I, α 1, collagen maturation, non‐collageneous extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ECM remodelling and selected ECM receptors was significantly decreased. The reduction of fibrosis‐related transcription was paralleled by a significant inhibition of procollagen I C‐peptide released by both healthy and cirrhotic human liver slices. Moreover, galunisertib showed similar antifibrotic potency in human and rat lives.Conclusions and ImplicationsGalunisertib is a drug that deserves to be further investigated for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Inhibition of SMAD2 phosphorylation is probably a central mechanism of action. In addition, blocking the production and maturation of collagens and promoting their degradation are related to the antifibrotic action of galunisertib.
An adaptive hypermedia model based on student's lexicon
Authors: Salcedo Pedro , Pinninghoff M. Angélica , Contreras Ricardo , Figueroa Jorge F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work presents an adaptive hypermedia proposal that focuses on the students' lexicon. An adequate lexicon knowledge affects dramatically in the learning processes in which the students are involved. In general, students manage a lexicon level that allows them to communicate. However, this is not enough for understanding specialized texts covering specific topics. Our proposal takes into account the interconnecting structures present in the lexicon associated to a student profile. More specifically, we propose a set of rules that, based on the student profile, facilitate the selection of the lexicon. We also provide a description of the different instances involved in the complete process.