bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Scale Interface Engineering for Fabricating Super‐Strong and Super‐Tough Aramid nanofiber film
Authors: Jin Jiongke , Wu Xun‐En , Wang Yida , Liang Huarun , Zou Mei , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yingying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPoly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), known for its exceptional mechanical properties under the brand name Kevlar, finds extensive use in high‐performance applications despite the challenges it presents in processing and integration with other materials. Existing top–down methods for preparing PPTA composites result in significantly reduced strength (<200 MPa) and toughness (<10 MJ·m−3) due to insufficient interfacial interactions, limiting their application. Here, a cross‐scale interface engineering strategy is reported for fabricating super‐strong and super‐tough PPTA composite films. At the microscale, a synergistic crosslinking strategy of physical entanglement and hydrogen bonding to crosslink PPTA nanofibers is employed. At the macroscale, the network using a cyclic freeze–thaw and the stretch‐drying method is reinforced. The PPTA nanofiber composite film is super‐strong (854.6 MPa), super‐tough (106.2 MJ·m−3), and has a high‐temperature resistance (300 °C). Moreover, the bottom–up approach enables the direct synthesis of PPTA nanofibers, significantly reducing the preparation time from 7 days to 0.5 h. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the composite film can be integrated into a robust and intelligent sensing‐display device that responds to external mechanical and heat injuries for firefighter's protection. This work provides an efficient strategy for fabricating high‐performance PPTA composites, paving the way for their practical use as durable protective materials.
Eradication of Large Tumors by Nanoscale Drug Self‐Assembly
Authors: Su Qianyi , Wang Zhenyu , Zhou Huimin , Zhang Miaomiao , Deng Wenjia , Wei Xin , Xiao Jisheng , Duan Xiaopin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMost patients with cancer are first diagnosed at an advanced disease stage, when tumors are already large and/or metastases are present. This circumstance has a negative impact on the prognosis and therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs. In this study, it is demonstrated that photosensitizer chlorin e6 and the photochemotherapy drug mitoxantrone self‐assemble into relatively stable nanoassemblies (CM NAs) through hydrogen‐bonding effect, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Administration of CM NAs in combination with 660 nm laser irradiation shows chemotherapeutic, photothermal, and photodynamic effects, causing tumor cell apoptosis and pyroptosis and enabling noninvasive tumor ablation without compromising the surrounding normal tissue. More importantly, treatment with CM NAs increases tumor immunogenicity, leading to a strong and long‐term antitumor immune response that eradicates large tumors and provides long‐term protection against tumor recurrence on various tumor models.
NIR‐II Fluorescent Nanotheranostics with a Switchable Irradiation Mode for Immunogenic Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Cui Minhui , Tang Dongsheng , Zhang Hanchen , Liang Ganghao , Xu Chun , Xiao Haihua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanotheranostics, which integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities, offer significant potential for tumor treatment. However, current nanotheranostic systems typically involve multiple molecules, each providing a singular diagnostic or therapeutic function, leading to challenges such as complex structural composition, poor targeting efficiency, lack of spatiotemporal control, and dependence on a single therapeutic modality. This study introduces NPRBOXA, a nanoparticle functionalized with surface‐bound cRGD for targeted delivery to αvβ3/αvβ5 receptors on tumor cells, achieving theranostic integration by sequentially switching its irradiation modes. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, NPRBOXA emits NIR‐II fluorescence, which aids in identifying the nanoparticle's location and fluorescence intensity, thereby determining the optimal treatment window. Following this, the irradiation mode switches to ultrasound irradiation at the optimal treatment window. Ultrasound irradiation induces NPRBOXA to generate reactive oxygen species, promoting the reduction of OXA‐IV to OXA‐II, which in turn triggers immunogenic cell death. This mechanism enables a combination of sonodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for tumor treatment. The versatile design of NPRBOXA holds promise for advancing precision oncology through enhanced therapeutic efficacy and real‐time imaging guidance.
Molecular Reconfiguration of Disordered Tellurium Oxide Transistors with Biomimetic Spectral Selectivity
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Jingwen , Xie Pengshan , Meng You , Shao He , Jin ChenXing , Gao Boxiang , Shen Yi , Quan Quan , Li Yezhan , Wang Weijun , Li Dengji , Wu Zenghui , Li Bowen , Yip SenPo , Sun Jia , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReconfigurable devices with field‐effect transistor features and neuromorphic behaviors are promising for enhancing data processing capability and reducing power consumption in next‐generation semiconductor platforms. However, commonly used 2D materials for reconfigurable devices require additional modulation terminals and suffer from complex and stringent operating rules to obtain specific functionalities. Here, a p‐type disordered tellurium oxide is introduced that realizes dual‐mode reconfigurability as a logic transistor and a neuromorphic device. Due to the disordered film surface, the enhanced adsorption of oxygen molecules and laser‐induced desorption concurrently regulate the carrier concentration in the channel. The device exhibits high‐performance p‐type characteristics with a field‐effect hole mobility of 10.02 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an Ion/Ioff ratio exceeding 106 in the transistor mode. As a neuromorphic device, the vision system exhibits biomimetic bee vision, explicitly responding to the blue‐to‐ultraviolet light. Finally, in‐sensor denoising and invisible image recognition in static and dynamic scenarios are achieved.
Intrinsic Narrowband Blue Phosphorescent Materials and Their Applications in 3D Printed Self‐monitoring Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Kong Shuting , Wang Hailan , Liao Jimeng , Xiao Yuxin , Yu Tao , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials, especially with narrowband emission properties, exhibit great potential for applications in display and sensing, but have been seldom reported. Herein, a rare example of the intrinsic narrowband blue RTP material is fabricated and reported. A series of indolo[3,2,1‐kl]phenothiazine derivatives, named Cphpz, 1O‐Cphpz, and 2O‐Cphpz, are designed and synthesized. Due to their relatively rigid structures, these three compounds showed deep blue narrowband emissions ranging from 396 to 434 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 31, 26, and 31 nm, respectively. To the delight, compound 2O‐Cphpz displayed intrinsic narrowband blue RTP at 448 nm with FWHM of 36 nm and a long‐lived lifetime of 1.08 s in hydroxyethyl acrylate and acrylic acid matrix. Photophysical studies, single crystal analyses, and TD‐DFT calculations are performed to elucidate further the relationships between molecular structures and the narrowband blue RTP properties. Meanwhile, because the narrowband blue RTP is highly sensitive to humidity, a visualizing droplet path optical microfluidic chip is efficiently fabricated through the digital light processing 3D printing.This work provides a rare example and a reliable strategy to realize narrowband blue RTP and further expand their applications in self‐monitoring 3D printed structures.
Ionized Phenanthroline Derivatives Suppressing Interface Chemical Interactions with Active Layer for High‐efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Exceptional Device Stability
Authors: Hu Lin , Quan Jianwei , Li Jingbai , Li Zhendong , Lan Senmei , Yu Manjiang , Liao Xunfan , Jin Yingzhi , Yin Xinxing , Song Jiaxing , Zhou Dan , Li Zaifang , Chen Yiwang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe contact interface between the charge transport interlayer and the active layer is crucial for the non‐fullerene organic solar cells (NF OSCs) to achieve high efficiency and long‐term stability. In this study, two novel phenanthroline (Phen) derivatives, tbp‐Phen and tbp‐PhenBr, are developed as efficient cathode interfacial materials (CIMs). The larger steric hindrance substituents and the ionization of nitrogen atoms on the Phen framework jointly enable the tbp‐PhenBr CIM with a stable film morphology and immensely suppress the detrimental interface chemical interactions with the NF active layer. Consequently, tbp‐PhenBr‐based OSC achieves a higher efficiency (PCE = 16.34%) than bathocuproine (BCP)‐based control device (PCE = 13.70%) using PM6:Y6 as the active layer. More importantly, the tbp‐PhenBr‐based device maintains 80% of its initial efficiency (T80) for 3264 h in dark conditions and 220 h after being heated at 85 °C, significantly outperforming the BCP‐based device. The tbp‐PhenBr CIM also shows broad applicability across various binary and ternary active layer systems, affording a notable PCE of 19.49%. Additionally, the tbp‐PhenBr CIM can be processed via a thermal evaporation technique and the prepared devices exhibit high reproducibility. This work provides innovative insights into the molecular design of the CIMs for stable and efficient NF OSCs.
High Performance Self‐Powered p+‐GaN/n−‐ZnO/Au UV Heterojunction Phototransistor with 3D Interconnected ZnO Nanowire Network for Solar‐Blind Imaging and Optical Communication
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Gao Shuang , Han Zhuo , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Haoran , Xiang Kang , Ye Muyang , Qiu Junxing , Wu Chunyan , Yang Xiaoping , Zhang Tianci , Gao Qian , Xing Kun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeterojunction phototransistor (HPT) is considered the most promising detector technology in weak ultraviolet (UV) signal detection due to its inherent internal gain through transistor action. However, achieving high‐performance self‐powered UV HPTs remains a significant challenge. In this study, a high‐performance self‐powered p+‐GaN/n−‐ZnO/Au UV HPT with ZnO serving as the floating base is cleverly designed. The device features a unique back‐to‐back configuration of the p+‐GaN/n−‐ZnO heterojunction and n−‐ZnO/Au Schottky junction, along with an ultrathin ZnO base layer of a 3D nanowire network structure. This design enables the fabricated p+‐GaN/n−‐ZnO/Au UV HPT to operate in a self‐powered mode with exceptional performance metrics. Under zero bias, the device exhibits outstanding characteristics including ultralow dark current of 1.7 × 10−13 A, remarkable Iphoto/Idark ratio of 106, fast response speed (tr = 150 µs / tf = 250 µs), high responsivity of 9.74 A W−1, and detectivity of 1.58 × 1014 Jones, representing the best result achieved for UV HPTs thus far at zero bias. Moreover, the fabricated UV HPT is successfully demonstrated in solar‐blind imaging and UV communication systems without the need for an external power supply. This work presents effective and practical design strategies for achieving high‐performance self‐powered UV HPTs.
[(5+1)−1] Cyclization of Nitroepoxides to Pyridinium 1,4‐Zwitterionic Thiolates for the Synthesis of Indolizine Derivatives
Authors: Almaani Alhajaj , Takallou Ahmad , Lotfi Nosood Yazdanbakhsh , Al‐Shidhani Sulaiman , Reza Hosseini Mohammad , Anwar Muhammad U. , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of indolizine derivatives was achieved through the reaction of pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates with a diverse array of 2‐methyl‐2‐nitro‐3‐aryloxiranes. Subsequent investigations unveiled a synthetic route to indolizines via a stepwise [(5+1)−1] pathway, with unstable pyridothiazines serving as transient intermediates. DFT calculations elucidated that this transformation entails sequential annulation, deacylation, desulfurization, and oxidation steps.
The impact of a prehospital simulation on medical students’ resourcefulness, personal growth initiative, and uncertainty tolerance
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Pearce Elizabeth , Hildreth Amy F. , Ren Xiao , Vojta Leslie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency medicine (EM) physicians often practice in dynamic, high‐stress, and uncertain settings with limited resources. Although simulation has been shown to enhance various aspects of student development, its impact on medical students' personal growth initiative, resourcefulness, and tolerance of uncertainty—crucial traits for managing future crises as emergency physicians—remain unclear. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine a high‐fidelity prehospital simulation's impact on medical students' resourcefulness, personal growth, and tolerance of uncertainty.MethodsWe surveyed 107 fourth‐year medical students before and after a multiday, high‐fidelity prehospital simulation. The survey included items from the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale‐12 Item Form, the Personal Growth Initiative Scale, and the Resourcefulness Skills Scale. We compared students' pre‐ and post‐simulation responses to investigate any change in their uncertainty intolerance, personal growth initiative, and resourcefulness following simulation participation.ResultsStudents’ scores significantly increased following the simulation for both resourcefulness (t(106) = −6.89, p < 0.001, d = −0.67) and personal growth initiative (t(106) = −6.22, p < 0.001, d = −0.60). Effect size calculations suggest that participating in the simulation had a medium to large effect on participants’ resourcefulness and personal growth initiative. However, participants’ tolerance of uncertainty scores prior to and following the simulation did not significantly differ (t(106) = 1.66, p = 0.100, d = 0.16), indicating that the simulation had little effect on participants’ tolerance of uncertainty.ConclusionsOur results indicate that simulation is a promising educational tool for developing students' resourcefulness and personal growth initiative so they can navigate high‐stress, low‐resource environments. Follow‐on research is needed to determine how to leverage simulation to enhance students’ uncertainty tolerance in high‐stress, low‐resource environments.
Multiyear productivity and nitrate‐nitrogen loss from corn and prairie bioenergy cropping systems
Authors: Liebman Matt , Helmers Matthew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThough corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are widely grown and readily accepted into commodity markets and biofuel facilities, heavy reliance on seeds of those two crops for bioenergy production has been linked to environmental degradation, including nutrient discharge to water, and to constraints on food production. Alternative biofuel feedstock systems might better address this “food–energy–environment trilemma.” Using data from a 9‐ha field experiment in Iowa, we evaluated yields from a 14‐year period for four bioenergy feedstock systems: stover harvested from corn grown with and without an unharvested rye cover crop, and prairie vegetation grown with and without fertilizer. We also assessed sub‐surface drainage flows and NO3‐N concentrations and discharges in leachate from those cropping systems. The continuous corn systems produced mean grain yields of 11.0–11.5 Mg ha−1 year−1, while also yielding about 4 Mg ha−1 year−1 of stover. Mean harvested biomass from the fertilized prairie was 83% greater than from the unfertilized prairie and was superior to stover production in the two corn treatments in 11 out of 14 years. Nitrate‐N losses in drainage water from the corn systems averaged 12–14 kg NO3‐N ha−1 year−1, whereas both the fertilized and unfertilized prairie systems almost eliminated NO3‐N loss. Cover cropping with rye reduced NO3‐N loss in only one out of 13 years and had variable effects on corn yield. Adoption of prairie‐based biofuel systems might be driven by placing perennial feedstocks on environmentally sensitive sub‐field areas and by government policies that favor perennial feedstocks over annual crops like corn.
Synthesis of N‐Phenylazo (Triazine) Derivatives of 6‐Aminouracil Using Diazonium Salt Under Catalyst‐Free Condition
Authors: Pandey Shikha , Kamal Arsala , Kumar Kushwaha Ambuj , Singh Sundaram 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the current study, for the first time, N‐phenylazo (triazine) derivatives of 6‐aminouracil compounds were produced at room temperature under catalyst‐free conditions in pyridine using an easy, efficient, and green process. The main advantages of this approach are that it doesn't require a catalyst, is inexpensive, eco‐friendly, non‐toxic, and simple to handle. This technique shows a broad range of substrate compatibility for uracil compounds and diazonium salts.
Quantum Secure Communication Based on Interferometric Teleportation
Authors: Bebrov Georgi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper introduces the concept of interferometric quantum teleportation. Based on this concept, a quantum secure communication (QSC) protocol, operating in a single‐photon regime is proposed. The proposed protocol is characterized with higher efficiency and data rate than its original counterpart, namely, the teleportation‐based quantum secure communication (T‐QSC). The proposal is verified to be secure. Its security relies on both quantum (polarization of qubits) and relativistic (speed of light) restrictions. The relativistic restriction is possible due to the use of an interferometric quantum channel, like the relativistic quantum key distribution.
Highly Conductive Alcohol‐Processable n‐Type Conducting Polymer Enabled by Finely Tuned Electrostatic Interactions for Green Organic Electronics
Authors: Tang Haoran , Xu Zishuo , Liang Yuanying , Cui Wei , Chen Yiheng , Jiang Qinglin , Lei Ting , Ma Yuguang , Huang Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolution‐processable conducting polymers open up a new era in organic electronics, fundamentally altering the processing methods of electronic devices. P‐type conducting polymers, exemplified by aqueous solution‐processed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS), have been successfully commercialized. However, the performance of electron‐transporting (n‐type) materials remains considerably poorer. One of the primary challenges lies in striking a balance between conductivity and solvent processability. At present, most n‐type conducting polymers necessitate toxic solvents for processing, which contradicts environmentally sustainable principles and impedes their potential for large‐scale industrial applications. Herein, we developed an alcohol‐processable high‐performance n‐type conducting polymer, poly(3,7‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐b : 4,5‐b’]difuran‐2,6‐dione): poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PBFDO : PEOx), which utilized electrostatic interactions between PEOx and PBFDO to simultaneously achieve high conductivity and alcohol‐processability. The PBFDO : PEOx films exhibited remarkable electrical conductivity exceeding 1000 S cm−1 with outstanding stability even at temperatures up to 250 °C, establishing it as a prominent green solvent‐processed n‐type conducting polymer that rivals the most advanced p‐type counterparts. Various applications including organic thermoelectric, electrochemical transistor, and electrochromic devices were showcased, highlighting the broad potential of PBFDO : PEOx in advancing green organic electronics.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Network Enabled Gentle Reprogramming of Liquid Crystal Elastomer toward Evolutionary Robot
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Si Muqing , Han Junyi , Shen Ying , Yin Guangqiang , Yin Kaiyang , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn nature, many organisms augment chances of survival by reprogramming their structures to evolving environment, among which sea squirts being a prime example. Such reprogramming has been demonstrated in liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuator assembled with heat assistance. However, the required temperature being higher than the actuation temperature limits its application. Here, we reported a hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular network LCE to construct soft modular and reprogrammable actuator by assembling with a gentle heat treatment. Leveraging the Michael addition reaction, we introduced hydrogen bonding to the LCE matrix with functionalized pyridine monomers. Experimental and molecular dynamics modeling proved the efficient dynamic hydrogen bond exchange at 60 °C, significantly lower than the actuating temperature of the LCE. This gave rise to the reversible and robust adhesion of the same collection of LCE modules capable of being built into different bilayers and performing various morphing upon a short thermal stimulation. Therefore, we demonstrated that these comparatively weak cross‐links enabled reconfiguration of the LCE actuator. With the developed hydrogen‐bonding LCEs, we built proof‐of‐concept modular reprogrammable robot, performing crawling, sailing, and microcircuit repair tasks. This bioinspired and efficient method for evolutionary LCE robot offers a viable path for further development of intelligent actuators sustainable in complex environments.
Enhancing surface properties with coconut oil/cocoa butter/chia seed/titanium dioxide: Innovations in water‐based coating technologies
Authors: Öztürk Nazlıcan , Şahin Fatma İrem , Acaralı Nil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to enhance water‐based coating technologies by using additives. The physical and chemical properties of a water‐based organic coating were improved by incorporating coconut oil, cocoa butter, chia seed, and titanium dioxide into the coating. Cocoa butter was added to enhance the hydrophobic properties of the coating. To increase its corrosion‐resistant properties, coconut oil was also included. Chia seed was added to observe its adhesion effect on the water‐based coating. Titanium dioxide, obtained as waste from a pharmaceutical company, was supplied and added to the coating to both maintain color change and improve the durability of the coating. The additives were added to the water‐based coating in different proportions ranging from 0% to 6% by weight. For the experiments in this study, Design Expert Box–Behnken method was applied by selecting three levels and four parameters. The optimal experiment was selected, and both the optimal coating and reference coating samples were analyzed. Based on the contact angle analysis results, the contact angle of the reference sample was measured to be 65.20°, while the optimum coating sample was measured to be 87.4°. According to the TG‐DTA, the optimum coating exhibited a mass loss of 37.7. It was observed that both the reference and optimum coatings had a degradation temperature of ~408°C. As a result of this study and analyzes, it was observed that the coating exhibited enhanced hydrophobic properties, increased mechanical strength, improved adhesion properties, and preserved its combustion characteristics.