bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal tuning of multivariable disturbance‐observer‐based control for flicker mitigation using individual pitch control of wind turbine
Authors: Imran Raja Muhammad , Akbar Hussain Dil Muhammad , Soltani Mohsen , Rafaq Raja Muhammad 
Published: October 2016

Multivariable disturbance accommodated observer based control (DOBC) scheme is presented to mitigate loads generated due to wind shear and tower shadow using individual blade pitch for above‐rated wind speed condition of wind turbine. Wind shear and tower shadow add flickers as 1p, 3p, 6p and so on, (p is the rotor rotational frequency) for three‐bladed wind turbine. Novel DOBC with individual pitch control (IPC) to mitigate the flickers is presented and linear state‐space model of wind turbine with tower dynamics is developed. The proposed controller is tuned using optimal control theory to reduce fatigue of drive‐train, tower and to regulate output power. The authors have tested the controller on NREL's 5 MW wind turbine, FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures and turbulence) code is used for load modelling and MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation. A comparison of power spectral density of generator speed, drive‐train torsion and tower fore‐aft moment shows better mitigation to the flickers by proposed controller as compared with proportional–integral (PI) and disturbance accommodation control (DAC) with collective pitch control. Furthermore, it shows less degradation in the performance as moving away from the operating point for above‐rated wind speed condition of wind turbine. It is concluded that proposed multivariable controller shows better mitigation to turbulent and cyclic aerodynamic loads, provide better regulation to output power using IPC of wind turbine and increased the lifetime of drive‐train torsion and tower as compared with PI and DAC.
Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrodes
Authors: Shao Na , Wu Jian , Yang Xing , Yao Jialin , Shi Yunsheng , Zhou Zhaoying 
Published: October 2016

Flexible pressure sensors offer the advantages of flexibility, low cost, and easy to large area fabrication, and they have wide applications in many fields. This work proposes a flexible capacitive pressure sensor that exhibits a sandwich‐like structure, a good performance, and a simple process. Multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) is used to fabricate the two electrodes of the sensor because this low cost material possesses good mechanical and electronic properties. Meanwhile, MWNT naturally forms numerous micro–nano structures that can enhance the sensitivity of a sensor. In addition, the dielectric layer of the sensor composed of parylene C (poly(chloro‐p‐xylylene)) is sandwiched between the two electrodes. The experimental results show that the pressure sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and a rapid response. The average sensitivity is 1.33 kPa–1 at a pressure that ranges from 0 to 758 Pa and the response time reach to millisecond level. Given that low cost, good property and simple process, the sensor has wide application prospects in electronic skins, health monitoring devices, and other wearable electronic products.
Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adolescents at Clinical-High Risk for Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Lambert M. , Niehaus V. , Correll C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis review aims to describe the importance of i) detecting individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (schizophrenia) or bipolar disorder, especially in children and adolescents, in order to enable early intervention, and ii) evaluating different intervention strategies, especially pharmacotherapy, during the subsyndromal or “prodromal” stages of these severe and often debilitating disorders. The different approaches regarding the psychotic and bipolar clinical high-risk state are discussed, including reasons and evidence for early (pharmacological) intervention and risks of treatment vs. non-treatment. Only 10 prospective studies of antipsychotics (randomized=4) and 6 prospective studies of non-antipsychotic pharmacologic agents (randomized=3, i. e., omega-3 fatty acids=2, glycine=1) for the psychotic clinical high-risk state and only 4 prospective studies of mood stabilizing medications for the bipolar clinical high-risk state (randomized=2, i. e., lithium=1, valproate=1) were detected. Based on the minimal efficacy data, adverse effect risks, especially in pediatric populations, nonspecific psychopathology, and unknown true risk for the development of either psychosis or bipolar disorder or of chronically disabling symptoms and disability, medication treatment currently remains second choice after psychosocial intervention. Additional research in this area is clearly needed in order to shed more light on the relevance and predictive value of potentially prodromal symptoms, their identification and most appropriate management options.
Perceived Income Adequacy and Well-being Among Older Adults in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Gildner Theresa E , Liebert Melissa A , Capistrant Benjamin D , D’Este Catherine , Snodgrass J Josh , Kowal Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesPerceived income adequacy is positively associated with self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QOL) among adults in higher-income countries. Additionally, older individuals often report higher levels of income adequacy. However, it is unclear if these associations, documented primarily in high-income countries, are also evident across economically and culturally distinctive low- and middle-income countries.MethodsData were drawn from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa. Smaller samples of younger adults (18–49 years) were included for comparison purposes. Participants reported income adequacy, SRH, and QOL. Associations between age and income adequacy and between income adequacy and SRH/QOL were examined using country-specific logistic regression analysis.ResultsOlder adults in China and Russia were more likely to report better income adequacy than their 18- to 49-year-old counterparts; however, the opposite was observed in Ghana and India. SRH and QOL improved as income adequacy increased in all countries.DiscussionAs expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support.
Surgeon Experience and Complications of Transvaginal Prolapse Mesh
Authors: Kelly Erin C. , Winick-Ng Jennifer , Welk Blayne 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:65–72)
Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is performed by the age of 80 years in approximately 1 in 8 American women. There is a high recurrence rate following POP surgery (39%), and a repeat repair is needed in 29% of cases.
Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization and Long-term Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: van den Belt-Dusebout Alexandra W. , Spaan Mandy , Lambalk Cornelis B. , Kortman Marian , Laven Joop S. E. , van Santbrink Evert J. P. , van der Westerlaken Lucette A. J. , Cohlen Ben J. , Braat Didi D. M. , Smeenk Jesper M. J. , Land Jolande A. , Goddijn Mariëtte , van Golde Ron J. T. , van Rumste Minouche M. , Schats Roel , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Hauptmann Michael , Rookus Matti A. , Burger Curt W. , van Leeuwen Flora E. 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from JAMA 2016;316:300–312)
Previous studies have shown that both exogenous and endogenous estrogens and progestogens increase the risk of breast cancer. it has been suggested that in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures may increase breast cancer risk.
Recent developments in emerging therapeutic targets of osteoarthritis
Authors: Sun Margaret Man-Ger , Beier Frank , Pest Michael A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Despite the tremendous individual suffering and socioeconomic burden caused by osteoarthritis, there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatment options. This is in part because of our incomplete understanding of osteoarthritis disease mechanism. This review summarizes recent developments in therapeutic targets identified from surgical animal models of osteoarthritis that provide novel insight into osteoarthritis pathology and possess potential for progression into preclinical studies.

Recent findings
Several candidate pathways and processes that have been identified include chondrocyte autophagy, growth factor signaling, inflammation, and nociceptive signaling. Major strategies that possess therapeutic potential at the cellular level include inhibiting autophagy suppression and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cartilage anabolism and prevention of cartilage degradation has been shown to result from growth factor signaling modulation, such as TGF-β, TGF-α, and FGF; however, the results are context-dependent and require further investigation. Pain assessment studies in rodent surgical models have demonstrated potential in employing anti-NGF strategies for minimizing osteoarthritis-associated pain.

Summary
Studies of potential therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis using animal surgical models are helping to elucidate osteoarthritis pathology and propel therapeutics development. Further studies should continue to elucidate pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets in various joint tissues to improve overall joint health.
Prevalence of Ocular Manifestations and Visual Outcomes in Patients With Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Authors: Szeto Simon K. H. , Chan Tommy C. Y. , Wong Raymond L. M. , Ng Alex L. K. , Li Emmy Y. M. , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To investigate the prevalence of ocular manifestations and visual outcomes in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Methods:
Consecutive cases diagnosed with HZO who attended 2 hospitals between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, and management were reviewed. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of visual loss with ocular manifestations.

Results:
A total of 259 patients were included. Of these, 110 (42.5%) patients were <60 years old and 149 patients (57.5%) were ≥60 years old. None of the patients had received zoster vaccination before presentation. Ocular manifestations were present in 170 (65.6%) patients with no difference between both age groups (P = 0.101). Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular manifestation, followed by anterior uveitis and keratitis. After resolution of HZO, 58.7% of patients had a visual acuity of 6/12 or worse. Epithelial keratitis and stromal keratitis were independent risk factors for visual loss after resolution of HZO (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004, respectively). The corresponding odds ratio was 6.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87–23.19] and 7.55 (95% CI: 1.88–30.30), respectively. The number of ocular manifestations was also associated with an increased risk of visual loss with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% CI: 1.01–2.20; P = 0.043).

Conclusions:
A substantial proportion of patients with HZO were <60 years old in this study. The absence of zoster vaccination across the study cohort was noteworthy. Keratitis was the main reason for poor visual outcome in these patients.
Improvement of Gynecological Screening of Female Renal Transplant Recipients by Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus Detection
Authors: Hinten Floor , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Meeuwis Kim A. , van Bergen-Verkuyten Muriël C. , Slangen Brigitte F. , van Rossum Michelle M. , Rahamat-Langendoen Janette , Massuger Leon F. , de Hullu Joanne A. , Melchers Willem J. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Female renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have increased risk for developing human papillomavirus (HPV)–related (pre)malignancies of the lower genital tract. Annual cervical screening is advised for RTRs, but the participation rate is low. The aim of this study is to investigate whether HPV self-sampling is suitable for gynecological screening of RTRs to increase participation rate.

Methods
A large cohort of 253 RTRs was investigated for the prevalence of HPV. All participants received a device for a cervicovaginal self-sample. Questionnaires were sent to assess the experience with this device. High-risk (hrHPV) presence was determined with the SPF10-LiPA25 system and GP5+/6+ PCR. HrHPV-positive patients underwent gynecological examination.

Results
More than 90% of the patients rated their experience with the self-sample device as good to excellent, and 77% preferred self-sampling over a physician taken sample. Approximately thirty-five of 217 women tested hrHPV positive with SPF10- LiPA25, and 22 tested positive with the GP5+/6+ PCR. Eleven hrHPV-positive patients had clinically relevant gynecological abnormalities, and they all tested positive with GP5+/6+ PCR.

Conclusions
Self-sampling is clinically applicable in a gynecological screening and is preferred by female RTRs. Therefore, self-sampling could be implemented with the aim to increase the participation rate of female RTRs in yearly gynecological screening.
A Retrospective Review of Temporal Bone Imaging With Respect to Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid Placement
Authors: Baker Aaron R. , Fanelli David G. , Kanekar Sangam , Isildak Huseyin 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
Current bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) guidelines recommend placement of the titanium implant 5 to 7 cm posterior to the ear canal. Previous studies show that bone conducted hearing is maximized the closer the transducer is to the cochlea. We aim to investigate the position of the sigmoid sinus with respect to BAHA implants to determine whether they may be safely placed closer to the ear canal in patients with chronic ear disease, enhancing the amplification available to the patient.

Study Design:
We performed a retrospective review of high-resolution temporal bone computed tomographies (CTs), comparing multiple measurements between ears with chronic ear disease and normal controls.

Setting:
Images were obtained at a single academic medical center.

Patients:
Eighty patients (160 ears) with temporal bone CTs performed between 2006 and 2009 were measured. Patients with chronic ear disease were identified by international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, revision 9 code and confirmation by review of the imaging.

Main Outcome Measures:
Measurements were made on axial CT slices from a point 1 cm posterior to the sigmoid sinus to the posterior margin of the external canal. The squamous temporal bone thickness was also measured at this point.

Results:
Forty-seven patients (55 ears) had chronic ear disease. Distance from the posterior canal was significantly different between normal and diseased ears (36.3 mm versus 33.5 mm, p < 0.001). Squamous temporal bone thickness varied widely, and was similar between groups (6.9 mm versus 6.8 mm, p = 0.76).

Conclusions:
According to our data, titanium implants for bone-anchored hearing aids may be safely placed closer to the external canal than the current recommendations. This could allow for better transduction as well as sound localization in BAHA patients.
The Effect of Scala Tympani Morphology on Basilar Membrane Contact With a Straight Electrode Array: A Human Temporal Bone Study
Authors: Verberne Juul , Risi Frank , Campbell Luke , Chambers Scott , O’Leary Stephen 
Published: October 2016

Hypothesis:
Scala tympani morphology influences the insertion dynamics and intra-scalar position of straight electrode arrays.

Background:
Hearing preservation is the goal of cochlear implantation with current thin straight electrode arrays. These hug the lateral wall, facilitating full, atraumatic insertions. However, most studies still report some postoperative hearing loss. This study explores the influence of scala tympani morphology on array position relative to the basilar membrane and its possible contribution to postoperative hearing loss.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-six fresh-frozen human temporal bones implanted with a straight electrode array were three-dimensionally reconstructed from micro-photographic histological sections. Insertion depth and the proximity between the array and basilar membrane were recorded. Lateral wall shape was quantified as a curvature ratio.

Results:
Insertion depths ranged from 233 to 470 degrees. The mean first point of contact between the array and basilar membrane was 185 degrees; arrays tended to remain in contact with the membrane after first contacting it. Eighty-nine and 93% of arrays that reached the upper basal (>240–360 degrees) and second (>360–720 degrees) turns respectively contacted the basilar membrane in these regions. Scalar wall curvature ratio decreased significantly (the wall became steeper) from the basal to second turns. This shift correlated with a reduced distance between the array and basilar membrane.

Conclusion:
Scala tympani morphology influences the insertion dynamics and intra-scalar position of a straight electrode array. In addition to gross trauma of cochlear structures, contact between the array and basilar membrane and how this impacts membrane function should be considered in hearing preservation cases.
Searching for the Perfect Homeostasis
Authors: Nicola Stefania , Amoruso Angela , Deidda Francesca , Pane Marco , Allesina Serena , Mogna Luca , Del Piano Mario , Mogna Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

Goals:
To investigate the modulation of human cytokines by Bifidobacterium longum strains isolated from Centenarians. In particular, we measured the production of interleukin (IL)-12p70, interferon-γ, IL-17A, and IL-4 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with live bacteria.

Background:
Probiotics may inhibit pathogens and modulate the immune system, bringing a beneficial effect on human health. Among the probiotic strains, bifidobacteria play a key role in the maturation of the host’s immune system. At present, only a few comparative data are available on the effects of bifidobacteria associations on cytokine production.

Study:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, cultured, and stimulated (ratio 1:1) with B. longum DLBL07, B. longum DLBL08, B. longum DLBL09, B. longum DLBL10, or B. longum DLBL11, either alone or in association. Cytokine production was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Both the B. longum DLBL mixture and the individual B. longum DLBL strains induced similar levels of IL-4, interferon-γ, and IL-17A. Under all conditions tested, no IL-12p70 release was detected.

Conclusions:
The fact that B. longum strains were obtained from Centenarians suggests a perfect homeostasis between this specific species and the host. Moreover all the B. longum strains from Centenarians used in our study share some biological similarities.
In Vitro Inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Lactobacillus delbrueckii Subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 (DSM 22106)
Authors: Mogna Luca , Deidda Francesca , Nicola Stefania , Amoruso Angela , Del Piano Mario , Mogna Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

Goals:
To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected Lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of healthy humans against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background:
Klebsiella is ubiquitous in nature and may colonize the skin, the pharynx, or the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Despite the widespread use of antibiotic molecules with a broad spectrum in hospitalized patients, an increased overall load of klebsiellae as well as the subsequent development of multidrug-resistant strains able to synthesize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase have been registered. These strains are particularly virulent, express capsular-type K55, and have a considerable ability to propagate.

Study:
The 4 strains Lactobacillus paracasei LPC01 (CNCM I-1390), Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR04 (DSM 16605), Bifidobacterium longum B2274 (DSM 24707), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 (DSM 22106) were tested. The analysis was performed using both a disc-diffusion assay and the broth-dilution procedure, also including an evaluation of the supernatants obtained from a fresh broth culture of each bacterium.

Results:

L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 demonstrated the best inhibitory results among all the tested strains. The antibacterial activity of the supernatant was retained even after treatment with α-amylase and neutralization with NaOH 1N, thus suggesting the protein structure of the inhibitory molecule. In contrast, it was completely lost after treatment with proteinase K.

Conclusions:
Overall results suggest that the inhibitory effect of L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 should be attributed to the production of a bacteriocin. This strain may be prospectively useful for strengthening probiotic formulations and possibly counteract infections by K. pneumoniae in humans.
Stigmatizing Attitudes and Beliefs About Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Among Italian Undergraduates
Authors: Caslini Manuela , Crocamo Cristina , Dakanalis Antonios , Tremolada Martina , Clerici Massimo , Carrà Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Stigmatizing attitudes toward eating disorders (EDs) may lead to reduced treatment seeking. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of stigmatizing trends and beliefs related to anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), and the associations with the experiential knowledge of the problem, in a large sample of Italian undergraduates. A total of 2109 participants completed an online survey including questionnaires related to stigmatizing beliefs toward AN and BN, and personal contacts with people with EDs. Undergraduates reported almost overlapping low levels of stigmatizing trends for AN and BN, apart from personal responsibility and social distance. Those aged 18 to 25 and living with family held higher stigmatizing attitudes. Stigma was lower in underweight participants and in those (12%) reporting a previous ED diagnosis. Although not improving stigmatizing attitudes, 83% of the sample was familiar with people with an ED. Antistigma actions to increase awareness on EDs and to improve treatment-seeking behaviors are needed.