bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmed death ligand‐1 expression as immunotherapeutic target in sinonasal cancer
Authors: Riobello Cristina , Vivanco Blanca , Reda Sara , López‐Hernández Alejandro , García‐Inclán Cristina , Potes‐Ares Sira , Cabal Virginia N. , López Fernando , Llorente José Luis , Hermsen Mario A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal cancer carries a poor prognosis, especially in recurrent stages, and it is a disease with very limited treatment options.MethodsThe expression of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) as a marker for immunotherapy was evaluated in 53 sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 126 intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) samples. Results were correlated to clinicopathological characteristics and follow‐up data.ResultsMembranous PD‐L1 staining of tumor cells was observed in 34% (18/53) of the sinonasal SCC samples and in 17% (22/126) of the ITAC samples. The PD‐L1 positivity on infiltrating immune cells occurred in 45% (24/53) of the sinonasal SCC samples and in 33% (41/126) of the ITAC samples. Expression of PD‐L1 showed no correlation to clinicopathological parameters and was not an independent risk factor for survival.ConclusionThe PD‐L1 positivity does not seem to have prognostic value. However, a proportion of patients with sinonasal SCC and ITAC may benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors that recently have been approved for clinical application in head and neck cancer.
Novel method to save the parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy: Subcapsular saline injection
Authors: Choi June Young , Yu Hyeong Won , Bae In Eui , Kim Jong‐kyu , Seong Chan Yong , Yi Jin Wook , Chai Young Jun , Kim Su‐jin , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSaving the parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy remains challenging. Subcapsular saline injection (SCASI) was developed in February 2015. Its ability to spare the parathyroid gland was assessed.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with or without neck lymph node dissection in 2013‐2015 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the SCASI and non‐SCASI groups. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured on day 1 and 6 months after surgery. Transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism were defined as day 1 and 6 month PTH < 10.0 and <15.0 pg/mL, respectively.ResultsThe groups (both had 98 patients each) did not differ in demographics, tumor size, operation extent, pathology, thyroiditis rate, and incidental parathyroid gland excision rate. Compared with non‐SCASI patients, patients who underwent the SCASI method exhibited transient hypoparathyroidism (35.7% vs 19.4%, P < .001) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (4.1% vs 0%, P = .043) significantly less frequently.ConclusionThe procedure of SCASI effectively spared the parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in head and neck cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mascarella Marco A. , Mannard Erin , Silva Sabrina Daniela , Zeitouni Anthony 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHematologic markers, such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), characterize the inflammatory response to cancer and are associated with poorer survival in various malignancies. We evaluate the effect of pretreatment NLR on overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsUsing multiple databases, a systematic search for articles evaluating the effect of NLR on OS in patients with HNSCC was performed. An inverse variation, random‐effects model was used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 24 of 241 articles, including 6479 patients, were analyzed. The combined hazard ratio for OS in patients with an elevated NLR (range 2.04‐5) was 1.78 (confidence interval [CI] 1.53‐2.07; P < .0001). The hazard ratios for site‐specific cancer: oral cavity 1.56 CI 1.23‐1.98 (P < .001), nasopharynx 1.66 CI 1.35‐2.04 (P < .001), larynx 1.55 CI 1.26‐1.92 (P < .001), and hypopharynx 2.36 CI 1.54‐3.61 (P < .001).ConclusionAn elevated NLR is predictive of poorer OS in patients with HNSCC.
Back on Track: The challenges of implementing a small place‐based Collective Impact initiative
Authors: Demant Lucy , Lawrence Jessica 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssues addressedBack on Track (BoT) was developed as pilot to provide an integrated service response to twenty at‐risk young people residing in a metro Melbourne housing estate. For this cohort, traditional welfare sector interventions were proving ineffective, with the siloed nature of the sector identified as a key barrier to effective engagement.MethodsDeveloped as an offshoot of an established CI project, the Education Engagement Partnership (EEP), BoT used Collective Impact (CI) methodology to inform project development. CI was considered a means to implement systematic change whilst increasing positive health, education and justice outcomes for the target cohort.ResultsBoT was abandoned after start‐up due to a lack of CI model buy‐in on the part of one stakeholder.ConclusionsBoT's initial success can be directly attributed to stakeholder experience of the EEP. The project's break down illuminates challenges that can emerge when the welfare sector attempts interagency collaborative practices. BoT highlights the centrality of relationship‐building for successful CI implementation and flags potential issues in collaborations between small place‐based initiatives and large statewide agencies constrained by non‐negotiable internal policies.So what?CI methodology is increasing popular in health promotion work, and there is a need to examine how the methodology translates into local level practice.
Clinical evidence of prevention strategies for capecitabine‐induced hand‐foot syndrome
Authors: Huang Xuan‐Zhang , Chen You , Chen Wen‐Jun , Zhang Xi , Wu Cong‐Cong , Wang Zhen‐Ning , Wu Jian 
Published: January 2018

Hand‐foot syndrome (HFS) is the most common adverse effect of capecitabine‐containing chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacies of various prevention and treatment strategies for capecitabine‐induced HFS. Searches of the PubMed and Embase databases were performed to identify relevant studies. The risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as an effect measure to evaluate the efficacies of these prevention and treatment strategies. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. Overall and subgroup analyses were conducted. All statistical analyses were conducted with Stata software version 12.0. Seventeen eligible studies were included. Our results indicated that celecoxib was significantly associated with a lower incidence of grade ≥2 capecitabine‐induced HFS without heterogeneity (RR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.23–0.81, I2 = 0.0%). However, pyridoxine and topical urea/lactic acid were not effective toward preventing capecitabine‐induced grade 1, 2, 3, ≥1 or ≥2 HFS. Moreover, pyridoxine was not effective in treating capecitabine‐induced HFS. Similar results were obtained by subgroup analysis. Our results indicate that celecoxib has potential prophylactic efficacy for capecitabine‐induced HFS. However, pyridoxine and topical urea/lactic acid are not associated with a decrease in the incidence of capecitabine‐induced HFS.
Protein in the Hospital: Gaining Perspective and Moving Forward
Authors: Kuchnia Adam J. , Teigen Levi , Nagel Emily , Ligthart‐Melis Gerdien , Mulasi Urvashi , Weijs Peter , Earthman Carrie P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProvision of adequate protein is crucial for optimizing outcomes in hospitalized patients. However, the methodologies upon which current recommendations are based have limitations, and little is known about true requirements in any clinical population. In this tutorial, we aim to give clinicians an understanding of how current protein recommendations were developed, an appreciation for the limitations of these recommendations, and an overview of more sophisticated approaches that can be applied to better define protein requirements. A broader perspective of the challenges and opportunities in determining clinical protein requirements can help clinicians think critically about the individualized nutrition care they provide to their patients with the goal of administering adequate protein to optimize outcomes.
Staged surgical treatment of extremity lymphedema with dual gastroepiploic vascularized lymph node transfers followed by suction‐assisted lipectomy—A prospective study
Authors: Agko Mouchammed , Ciudad Pedro , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundBoth physiologic and excisional procedures have been described for the treatment of lymphedema. However, there exist few reports that combine these procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combining vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) with suction‐assisted lipectomy (SAL) in a staged manner for the treatment of extremity lymphedema.MethodsPatients with unilateral late stage II lymphedema (International Society of Lymphology), who consented to staged surgical treatment, were evaluated prospectively. Between 2014 and 2015, 12 female patients with upper (n = 6) or lower (n = 6) extremity lymphedema completed the treatment protocol. Primary outcomes evaluated included limb size and number of infectious episodes. In addition, compression garment usage was analyzed.ResultsThe overall circumference reduction rate was on average 37.9% after VLNT and increased to 96.4% after SAL. While all patients had experienced at least one infectious episode prior to surgical treatment, only one patient did so after VLNT and none after SAL. All patients were able to eventually discontinue compression therapy.ConclusionVLNT followed by SAL can allow patients with late Stage II lymphedema achieve near normal limb size and eradication of infectious episodes. At follow‐up, these desirable outcomes were maintained well after discontinuation of compression therapy.
Lymphatic vessel diameter in female pelvic cancer‐related lower extremity lymphedematous limbs
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Narushima Mitsunaga , Koshima Isao 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundLymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) has become one of the useful surgical treatments for compression‐refractory lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). It is important to anastomose larger lymphatic vessels with abundant lymph flows in LVA surgery. This study aimed to clarify factors associated with lymphatic vessel diameter.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐four LEL patients who underwent pre‐operative indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography and LVA from June 2009 to August 2014 in a single institution were included in this retrospective observational study. Clinical, ICG lymphography, and intraoperative findings were collected from medical charts. A lymphatic vessel with external diameters of 0.5 mm or larger was defined as a large lymphatic vessel (LLV). Independent factors associated with LLV were identified using logistic regression analysis.ResultsNine hundred sixty‐two lymphatic vessels were identified, among which 438 (45.5%) were LLVs. Independent factors associated with LLV were older age (odds ration [OR], 1.408; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.026‐1.931; P = 0.034), positive history of radiation (OR, 1.634; 95%CI 1.228‐2.173; P = 0.001), incision site in the thigh/lower leg compared with in the groin (OR, 1.617/1.685; 95%CI 1.076‐2.432/1.148‐2.473; P = 0.021/0.008). Inverse associations were observed in S‐region/D‐region on ICG lymphography compared with L‐region (OR, 0.537/0.048; 95%CI, 0.397‐0.726/0.006‐0.371; P < 0.001/0.004).ConclusionsD‐region on ICG lymphography had the lowest OR to find LLV, representing that lymphatic vessels found in D‐region on ICG lymphography would be significantly smaller than those in L‐region. In LVA surgery, D‐region should be avoided.
Primary liver sarcomas in the modern era: Resection or transplantation?
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis T. , Nota Carolijn , Jutric Zeljka , Ituarte Philip , Chow Warren , Chu Peiguo , Singh Gagandeep , Warner Susanne G. , Melstrom Laleh G. , Fong Yuman 
Published: January 2018

Background and ObjectivesPrimary liver sarcomas (PLS) are rare. Published series are limited by small numbers of patients.MethodsWe reviewed the National Cancer Database (2004‐2014) for patients who underwent surgical resection of PLS.ResultsOf 237 patients identified, the majority were female (60.8%), with median age of 52 years. Histologies were: epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (n = 67), angiosarcoma (n = 64), leiomyosarcoma (n = 33), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 31), carcinosarcoma (n = 16), giant cell sarcoma (n = 14), spindle cell sarcoma (n = 12). Ninety‐seven (40.9%) patients underwent lobectomies or extended lobectomies, 41 patients (17.3%) underwent transplantation. Surgical margins were negative in 82.9%. Tumors were well differentiated in 11.3%. Histology type correlated with outcome with the best prognosis for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (OS: not reached, similar for resection and transplantation) and the worst for angiosarcoma (OS:16.6 mo with resection; 6 mo with transplantation; P = 0.04). Resections with microscopically negative margins were associated with improved survival (58.7 vs 11.3 mo for positive margins; P < 0.001). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were used in a minority of patients (32.9% and 4.3% respectively) with no improvement in outcomes.ConclusionsBoth hepatic resection and liver transplantation can be associated with long term survival for selected primary liver sarcomas such as epitheliod hemangioendotheliomas. Histology type and the ability to resect the tumor with negative margins correlate with outcomes and the decision to operate should be carefully weighed for subtypes with particularly dismal prognosis such as angiosarcomas.
Detection of peroxyl radicals from polluted air by free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography signal amplification technique
Authors: Wang Guoying , Jia Shiming , Niu Xiuli , Liu Yanrong , Tian Haoqi , Chen Xuefu , Shi Gaofeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFree radicals play an important role in the oxidizing power of polluted air, the development of aging‐related diseases, the formation of ozone, and the production of secondary particulate matter. The high variability of peroxyl radical concentration has prevented the detection of possible trends or distributions in the concentration of free radicals. We present a new method, free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography photodiode array detection, for identifying and quantifying peroxyl radicals in polluted air. Functionalized graphene was used for loading peroxyl radicals and reactive molecules in air sampling system, which can facilitate reaction kinetics (charge transfers) between peroxyl radicals and reaction molecules. Separation was performed with and without a preliminary exposure of the polluted air sample to reactive molecule(s) system. The integral chromatographic peak areas before and after air sampling are used to quantify the atmospheric peroxyl radicals in polluted air. The utility of the new technique was tested with measurements carried out in the field.
Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) in water is an emerging area of research. The self‐assembly process can be derived from aqueous two‐phase systems that are composed of hydrophilic homopolymers at elevated concentration. Consecutively, DHBCs form self‐assembled structures like micelles, vesicles, or particles at high concentrations in water and without the use of external triggers that would change solubility of individual blocks. Careful choice of the two hydrophilic blocks and design of the polymer structure allows formation of self‐assembled structures with high efficiency. The present contribution highlights recent research in the area of DHBC self‐assembly, including the polymer types employed and strategies for crosslinking of the self‐assembled structures. Moreover, an overview of aqueous multiphase systems and theoretical considerations of DHBC self‐assembly are presented, as well as an outlook regarding potential future applications in areas such as the biomedical field.
Dependences of Confining Size and Interfacial Curvature on the Glass Transition of Polydimethylsiloxane in Self‐Assembled Block Copolymers
Authors: Huang Zijie , Jiang Jing , Shi Lingying , Wang Xiaoliang , Xue Gi , Li Linling , Shen Zhihao , Zhou Dongshan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLamellae (LAM), hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX), and double gyroid (GYR) phases of diblock copolymer polydimethylsiloxane‐b‐poly‐2,5‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐oxycarbonyl styrene (PDMS‐b‐PMPCS) can be obtained by controlling PMPCS length and thermal annealing conditions. This provides a system to study the glass transition of polymers under the well‐defined confining geometries and interfacial physicochemical properties. By taking advantage of ultrafast differential scanning calorimeter, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PDMS in the confined state is measured without destroying the nanophase structure sustained by the rigid PMPCS domains. Depending on the detailed confining geometry, the Tg and Tg breadth of PDMS show a clear difference by alternating the nanostructure and confining size. When annealing at higher temperatures, the decreases of Tg and Tg breadth with increasing confining size are observed, which are due to the subtle thermal expansion of block copolymer. Besides, the interfacial curvature effect on the Tg of PDMS is emphasized: the confining size dependence on Tg of PDMS block gradually becomes stronger as the interfacial curvature changes from negative (in GYR), to zero (in LAM) and to positive (in HEX). Such results explicitly elaborate the glass transition behavior of PDMS confined in block copolymer with various nanophase structures.
Conjugated Microporous Polytetra(2‐Thienyl)ethylene as High Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Chong , Xu Yunfeng , He Qian , Mu Pan , Chen Yu , Zeng Jinghui , Wang Feng , Jiang Jia‐Xing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel, thiophene‐rich conjugated microporous polymer of polytetra(2‐thienyl)ethylene (PTTE) is synthesized via FeCl3‐catalyzed oxidative polymerization and applied as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Owing to the high surface area, high redox‐active thiophene content, and the plentiful nanoporous structures in PTTE, the assembled LIBs exhibit a high specific capacitance of 973 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with excellent rate performance, and the SIBs show a capacitance as high as 370 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1, excellent rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability with a capacity retention of 230 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. These results demonstrate this thiophene‐rich conjugated microporous polymer as a promising electrode material for next‐generation energy storage devices.
Morphology Development via Static Crosslinking of (Polylactic Acid/Acrylic Rubber) as an Immiscible Polymer Blend
Authors: Hesami Mahdis , Jalali‐Arani Azam 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe interrelation between crosslinking and morphology is investigated for an immiscible blend of polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylic rubber (ACM). The blends are prepared by solution mixing and static crosslinking is used to avoid the simultaneous effect of the flow field that occurs in dynamic vulcanization. It is carried out at different temperatures, times, and curing agent contents. Scanning force microscopy (SFM) and polarized optical microscopy are used to determine the morphology of the blends. The chemical interactions and viscoelastic properties of the blends after crosslinking are also studied using infrared spectroscopy and rheological tests, respectively. Before crosslinking, SFM shows matrix‐droplet morphology for the samples that it is retained after that for the blend with 30 wt% ACM; however, it is changed to cocontinuous one in the blend with 50 wt% ACM. Partially, grafting of PLA on the crosslinked ACM is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The rheological results show that the incorporation of ACM to the PLA slows down the chain relaxation and vulcanization intensifies this effect. A model is proposed to explain the morphology evolution during static crosslinking of an immiscible blend.
Recent Development of Thermoelectric Polymers and Composites
Authors: Yao Hongyan , Fan Zeng , Cheng Hanlin , Guan Xin , Wang Chen , Sun Kuan , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThermoelectric materials can be used as the active materials in thermoelectric generators and as Peltier coolers for direct energy conversion between heat and electricity. Apart from inorganic thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric polymers have been receiving great attention due to their unique advantages including low cost, high mechanical flexibility, light weight, low or no toxicity, and intrinsically low thermal conductivity. The power factor of thermoelectric polymers has been continuously rising, and the highest ZT value is more than 0.25 at room temperature. The power factor can be further improved by forming composites with nanomaterials. This article provides a review of recent developments on thermoelectric polymers and polymer composites. It focuses on the relationship between thermoelectric properties and the materials structure, including chemical structure, microstructure, dopants, and doping levels. Their thermoelectric properties can be further improved to be comparable to inorganic counterparts in the near future.
Parkinson disease with and without Dementia: A prevalence study and future projections
Authors: Savica Rodolfo , Grossardt Brandon R. , Rocca Walter A. , Bower James H. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Limited population‐based information is available on the co‐occurrence of dementia and PD. However, projecting the prevalence of PD with and without dementia during the next 50 years is crucial for planning public‐health and patient‐care initiatives.Objectives: The objective of this study was to project the prevalence of PD with and without dementia in the United States by 2060.Methods: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records‐linkage system to identify all persons with PD with or without dementia residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, on January 1, 2006. A movement disorders specialist reviewed the complete medical records of each person to confirm the presence of PD. We calculated the age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence of PD with and without dementia and projected U.S. prevalence through 2060.Results: We identified 296 persons with PD with and without dementia on the prevalence date (187 men, 109 women); the overall prevalence increased with age from 0.01% (30‐39 years) to 2.83% (≥90 years). The prevalence of PD without dementia increased with age from 0.01% (30‐39 years) to 1.25% (≥90 years). The prevalence of PD with dementia increased with age from 0.10% (60‐69 years) to 1.59% (≥90 years). The prevalence was higher in men than in women for all subtypes and all age groups. We project by 2060 an approximate doubling of the number of persons with PD without dementia and a tripling of the number of persons with PD with dementia in the United States.Conclusions: The prevalence of PD with and without dementia increases with age and is higher in men than women. We project that the number of persons with PD in the United States will increase substantially by 2060. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society