bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRB 190114C: Fireball Energy Budget and Radiative Efficiency Revisited
Authors: Li Liang , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The jet composition of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), as well as how efficiently the jet converts its energy to radiation, are long-standing problems in GRB physics. Here, we reported a comprehensive temporal and spectral analysis of the TeV-emitting bright GRB 190114C. Its high fluence (∼4.4 × 10−4 erg cm−2) allows us to conduct the time-resolved spectral analysis in great detail and study their variations down to a very short timescale (∼0.1 s) while preserving a high significance. Its prompt emission consists of three well-separated pulses. The first two main pulses (P
1 and P
2) exhibit independently strong thermal components, starting from the third pulse (P
3) and extending to the entire afterglow, the spectra are all nonthermal, and the synchrotron plus Compton upscattering model well interprets the observation. By combining the thermal (P
1 and P
2) and the nonthermal (P
3) observations based on two different scenarios (global and pulse properties) and following the method described in Zhang et al., we measure the fireball parameters and GRB radiative efficiency with little uncertainties for this GRB. A relevantly high GRB radiative efficiency is obtained based on both the global and pulse properties, suggesting that if GRBs are powered by fireballs, the efficiency can sometimes be high. More interestingly, though the observed parameters are individually different (e.g., the amount of mass loading M), the radiative efficiency obtained from P
1 (η

γ
= 36.0% ± 6.5%) and P
2 (η

γ
= 41.1% ± 1.9%) is roughly the same, which implies that the central engine of the same GRB has some common properties.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on the Arteriole-to-Venule Ratio in Patients With Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Villalaín-Rodes Isabel , García-Sánchez Aldara , Durán Mónica Asencio , García-Río Francisco , Martínez Jesús García , Montejano-Milner Rafael 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective
This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Patients and Methods
A prospective, randomized, unblinded, and controlled clinical trial with parallel groups was performed. From a base of 138 patients, 83 were randomized to either CPAP or control. Nonstereoscopic 35º photographs were processed with Sirius software.

Results

The intention-to-treat analysis showed no differences in AVR, although the arteriolar diameter increased from baseline in the CPAP group. Per-protocol analysis showed a 12-month increase in AVR (
P
= 0.035) and arteriolar diameter (
P
= 0.033) in CPAP versus control group. The venular diameter showed a nonstatistically significant reduction.

Conclusions
CPAP is a potentially novel treatment for individuals with DR and concomitant OSA, improving the retinopathy status, reversing the arteriolar narrowing, and therefore increasing the AVR, tending to reduce the venular diameter.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2025;56:7–14]
A novel homozygous mutation of CFAP300 identified in a Chinese patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia and infertility
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Qi Qi , Wang Wen-Hua , Dong Jie , Xu Juan-Juan , Feng Yu-Ming , Zou Zhi-Chuan , Chen Li , Ma Jin-Zhao , Yao Bing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a clinically rare, genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections, male infertility, tympanitis, and laterality abnormalities. PCD is typically resulted from variants in genes encoding assembly or structural proteins that are indispensable for the movement of motile cilia. Here, we identified a novel nonsense mutation, c.466G>T, in cilia- and flagella-associated protein 300 (CFAP300) resulting in a stop codon (p.Glu156*) through whole-exome sequencing (WES). The proband had a PCD phenotype with laterality defects and immotile sperm flagella displaying a combined loss of the inner dynein arm (IDA) and outer dynein arm (ODA). Bioinformatic programs predicted that the mutation is deleterious. Successful pregnancy was achieved through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Our results expand the spectrum of CFAP300 variants in PCD and provide reproductive guidance for infertile couples suffering from PCD caused by them.
A Retrospective Review of the Management of Impacted Coin Ingested in Children
Authors: Kasakanga KMJ , Groenewald A , Mabitsela ME , Tshifularo N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Accidental coin ingestion is a common presentation amongst paediatric patients in emergency departments (ED) worldwide, necessitating prompt management to prevent complications.

Objectives:
This study aimed to describe the clinical features of paediatric patients with impacted oesophageal coins at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital ED and compare outcomes between the balloon catheter and oesophagoscopic techniques for coin extraction.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of the medical records of patients aged ≤12 years over 5 years. Data were collected from the hospital records and analysed using SAS® (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC), Release 9.3, running under Microsoft Windows.

Results:
The analysis included 95 patients (51 females, 44 males) with a median age of 3 years, ranging from 0.70 to 10 years. Coins were predominantly located in the upper oesophagus (71.6%). Thirty-five (36%) children presented 8 h after the ingestion of the coin. At presentation, 82 (86.3%) patients were asymptomatic. The most observed symptoms were hypersalivation in 17 (17.9%) patients and vomiting in eight (8.4%) patients. Of the 62 patients for whom the balloon catheter was solely used, it was successful in 77.4% of the cases. Rigid oesophagoscopy was used in 33 patients as the first procedure (34.7%), and its overall success rate was 100% (44 patients).

Conclusions:
This study contributes valuable insights into the management of oesophageal coin ingestion in a resource-constrained setting, emphasising the safety and efficacy of the balloon catheter and the role of rigid oesophagoscopy in cases of failure or delayed presentation.
Efficacy of Intra-articular Platelet-rich Plasma versus Hydrocortisone with Local Anaesthetic Injection in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders - A Prospective Study
Authors: Mittal Ankur , Klarie Smiti Jassar , Sharma Siddharth , Roy Birsubhra , Paul Javaid Iqbal , Sharma Shrikant 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is subjected to many disorders commonly termed temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) which include TMJ hypermobility, ankylosis and internal derangement. In the past, many non-invasive conservative treatment modalities were tried out for their treatment which include joint unloading, the use of anti-inflammatory agents and physiotherapy. In recent times, injections of corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) into the TMJ have been proposed as alternative therapeutic methods. The main objective of the prospective study was to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injection of PRP and hydrocortisone with local anaesthetic agents in reducing the symptoms in patients with TMDs.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study included 30 patients with TMDs, out of which 15 patients (Group I) received PRP injections and 15 patients (Group II) received hydrocortisone with local anaesthetics for arthrocentesis in their affected joints. The patients were assessed for pain, maximum interincisal mouth opening, TMJ sound and disc displacement.

Results:
The pain was markedly reduced in patients who received PRP injections (Group I) as compared to those who received hydrocortisone injection (Group II). An increase in mouth opening was similar in both the groups, and TMJ sounds were reduced in patients who received PRP. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed that PRP-treated patients showed better articular disc repair than patients treated with hydrocortisone.

Discussion:
PRP increases chondrocyte proliferation and production of matrix molecules and helps maintain the integrity of the chondral surface, thereby facilitating joint movement, whereas corticosteroids are more potent anti-inflammatory agents and they act by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis which is the mediator of inflammation. Thus, the use of PRP has been proven to show better results in reducing the symptoms of TMDs and also helped in articular disc repair.
Ewing’s Sarcoma Presenting in the Paranasal Sinus – A Case Report
Authors: Kewalramani Yashika , Parihar Ajay , Reddy Prashanthi , Mandlik Rashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Rationale:
The aim of this study is to raise awareness among dentists regarding a potential outcome associated with the rapid growth of facial swellings.

Patient Concerns:
We present a case of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) in a 23-year-old male who presented with a rapidly progressive swelling in the left maxillary region over six weeks.

Diagnosis:
There was no significant intraoral dental finding other than a missing left upper first molar. Panoramic imaging initially suggested chronic sinusitis, but the swelling persisted despite treatment. A subsequent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan revealed a soft-tissue tumour affecting multiple sinuses, confirmed by an open biopsy as a small round cell tumour. Immunohistochemistry was used for precise diagnosis due to biopsy sample limitations and tumour variability.

Treatment:
The patient’s case was reviewed by our institution’s tumour board. One month after diagnosis, chemotherapy began with alternating drugs for a total of 6 cycles.

Outcomes:
A follow-up Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) scan after two months of chemotherapy showed resolution of the hypermetabolic mass on the left side without evidence of metastatic disease. The patient is currently under regular follow-up.

Take-Away Lessons:
Dentists should be vigilant for rapidly expanding oral or facial swellings. Early and accurate diagnosis can improve clinical management and survival rates for ES patients.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Bcl-2, E-cadherin, CD34 and CD105 in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath , Pandiar Deepak , Ramani Pratibha , Dharmaraj Kavya , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare aggressive variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with a high propensity for distant metastasis. In this article, we present clinicopathological and survival data of eight cases of BSCC and further analyse the behaviour of these tumours with the help of E-cadherin, CD34, CD105 and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) immunoexpression.

Materials and Methods:
Histopathologically confirmed cases of BSCC were retrieved from the department archives. Clinicopathological details and survival data of these patients were collected. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with Bcl-2, E-cadherin, CD34 and CD105 on these cases and compared with different grades of OSCC (well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated). The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 23.

Results:
BSCC was seen commonly in males of age group 49–71 years and predominantly reported in the retromolar trigone. Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower in BSCCs when compared to the conventional OSCC groups (P < 0.05). E-cadherin expression showed no significant difference between BSCC and well-differentiated OSCC group (P = 0.487). The overall mean survival for patients with BSCC was 6.37 months.

Discussion:
BSCCs of the oral cavity show increased CD105, CD34, E-cadherin and low Bcl-2 labelling. A substantial relationship between the tumour neo-angiogenesis, collective cell migration and apoptotic property could be related to the aggressive nature of this tumour and its poor overall survival rate. BSCCs are common in middle to older aged male and show increased expression of CD105, CD34 and E-cadherin.
Research output from India’s Siddha system of medicine during 1972–2019: Bibliometric analysis points need to focus on quantity and quality
Authors: Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Elumalai Rajalakshmi , Muthuperumal Prakash , Manivannan Priyanka , Sivaprakasam Satish , Ponnaiah Manickam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The Siddha system of medicine (SSM) is one of the Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM). In recent times, it has received adequate support from the Indian Ministry of Ayush. Like many such indigenous systems of medicine globally, the SSM is based on its own theoretical principles, philosophy, and methods of practice. Nevertheless, SSM conducts and needs basic and applied research using scientific methods. Such research is evidenced by research publications. In the absence of a review, we did a bibliometric analysis of research publications from SSM for the period of 1972–2019.

Materials and Methods:
We used the term “Siddha” to retrieve the data from the PubMed database. We retrieved data from the National AYUSH research portal and homepages of institutions mandated to do research in SSM. We abstracted bibliometric information and used Epi info (Version 7.2) for analysis. We described the trends and key characteristics.

Results:
Of a total of 2009 retrieved articles, we included 1457 (73%) for analysis. Between 1972 and 2001, the median number of publications per year was three (range: 0–13). Beyond 2012, the publications increased exponentially with an annual growth of 23%. The maximum number of publications (n = 224) was in 2019. Among 43 countries that produced the papers, India topped it (88%). Of 1457, 1.7% (n = 25) of publications from Siddha institutions were indexed in PubMed.

Conclusion:
A bibliometric review of research output from SSM suggests that the publications have increased in the last two decades. The review recommends improving research output from SSM in terms of quantity and quality.
Preventability and manageability of adverse drug reactions in COVID-19 with mucormycosis: An observational study
Authors: Dhingra Sajal , Hanjong Raj , Bisht Khushboo , Dhamija Puneet , Dhar Minakshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the intricate landscape of healthcare amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of mucormycosis as a severe complication posed a significant challenge to primary healthcare. This study delved into the complexities of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis undergoing treatment with conventional amphotericin B.

Methods:
Ethically approved and meticulously conducted, the study scrutinized 154 ADRs in depth, shedding light on their classification, outcomes, and interventions in COVID patients with mucormycosis. A descriptive analysis was carried out to report the findings of this study.

Results:
The findings revealed that a substantial proportion (85.6%) of these ADRs were manageable, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and timely interventions. Notably, gender disparities surfaced, indicating potential gender-specific responses to amphotericin B. Causality assessments based on the WHO-UMC scale classified the majority of ADRs as certain, providing a robust foundation for understanding the intricate relationships between amphotericin B and the observed adverse events.

Conclusion:
This research not only categorizes ADRs as preventable and manageable but also offers practical insights into their nature and the diverse strategies employed for their management. The study’s outcomes underline the importance of personalized healthcare approaches that can be adopted by primary care physicians for effective patient care.
Predictors of quality of life (QOL) and treatment adherence among children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Nambiar Saugandhika P. , Joseph Hepsi Bai , Satapathy Amit Kumar , Shetty Asha P 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Any significant changes in the growth and development of any aspect of life will ultimately affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with nephrotic syndrome. Various factors can influence treatment adherence, which can promote or decline the child’s quality of life (QOL). Objective: To assess the quality of life and adherence to treatment regimen and to identify the predictors of QOL and adherence to treatment regimen among children with nephrotic syndrome.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 59 children with nephrotic syndrome who attended the Paediatric Department of AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, using the PedsQL 4.0 generic core scale to assess the quality of life and adherence response scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using the SPSS 20 version.

Results:
The overall QOL median score was 93.48, with an IQR of 18.48, which indicated good QOL. A median score of treatment adherence was 16 with IQR 5, which indicated that the overall treatment adherence was good. Type of nephrotic syndrome (P = 0.014), developmental stage (P = 0.018), education of mother (P = 0.026), and occupation of mother (P = 0.026) were the variables predicted QOL. Duration of disease (P = 0.006) and duration of therapy (P = 0.005) significantly predicted treatment adherence.

Conclusion:
Children need continuous reinforcement on treatment adherence strategies to attain and maintain good QOL so that it can help to reduce the disease severity. Controlling the predictors that influence the QOL and treatment adherence has to be counseled among the parents so that their adherence can be sustained throughout the disease process to maintain good QOL.
Factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding among mothers of urban area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Meshram Priyanka K. , Pise Rainita R. , Joshi Abhishek U. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Early initiation of breastfeeding reduces infant mortality and morbidity and prolongs the duration of breastfeeding.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in the urban area of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.

Methodology:
The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2017 to July 2018 on 370 recently delivered mothers. Data were collected by interview, using the pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 20. Significance was set at the value of P < 0.05.

Results:
The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was found to be 45.4%. The percentage of mothers initiating breastfeeding earlier increased when they belonged to the higher age group, nuclear family, were educated, employed, counseled during antenatal visits, non-primigravida and delivered in health institutions. It was also observed that type of delivery, socioeconomic status of mothers, birth weight of baby and occupation of husband are not significantly associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
Increasing literacy amongst the population, promoting marriages at an appropriate age, counseling pregnant women regarding early initiation of breastfeeding during antenatal care visits and institutional deliveries can significantly increase the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in the mothers of urban areas of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh.
Factors affecting the formation of negative attitudes in undergraduate nursing students towards their profession: A content analysis
Authors: Fathi Reza , Nasrabadi Alireza N. , Imanipour Masoomeh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The attitude of nursing students towards their profession is one of the important factors that have many effects on students and their professional future. A positive attitude leads to academic progress, and in the future, nurses with professional commitment will enter the labour market, and on the contrary, a negative attitude can lead to withdrawal from education and job burnout. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors affecting the formation of negative attitudes in undergraduate nursing students towards their profession.

Methodology:
This study was conducted with a qualitative research method and with a content analysis approach in 1400 in nursing and midwifery schools in Tehran. In order to collect data, 21 people were selected by purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. The interviews were recorded and transcribed on paper and analysed.

Findings:
Information in 4 main categories and 11 sub-categories, including defects in the structure of the organisation (including the sub-categories of discrimination, job problems, financial problems, defective organisational management, unfavourable professional communication), inefficient educational system (including the sub-category of defects in clinical education and educational supervision), individual factors (including the sub-classes of lack of interest and low self-esteem), and community beliefs (including the sub-classes of low social value and ignorant society), was included.

Conclusion:
Various reasons are involved in the formation of a negative attitude towards the nursing profession, and in most cases, these factors are related to the problems of the profession and the educational problems of the profession, which can be solved by adjusting some factors and paying more attention to the profession from upstream organisations. It has raised the nursing profession and improved the conditions of nurses, and in the future, the attitude towards the nursing profession will be improved and can lead to the improvement of the health of the society.
Evaluation of cardiac biomarkers among dead and alive COVID-19 patients in Southwest Iran
Authors: Adel Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Sardabi Ebrahim Heydari , Akiash Nehzat , Mohammadi Mohammad , Sayadian Mona , pour Sanaz Saki , Amini Payam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The need to understand the global burden of heart failure following the pandemic has arisen as a result of an increase in papers that support cardiac involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the current study aims to provide a more thorough explanation of the function and use of cardiac biomarkers in dead and alive COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
All patients who were referred and admitted to Razi Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, from March 2020 to March 2021 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this study.

Results:
During the study period, 753 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19. In total, 157 cases died from the disease (case fatality rate: 20.84%). Pre-existing cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) were more frequent in dead cases (14% vs. 6.4%). It was observed that atrial fibrillation was normal in most of the alive cases in comparison to dead patients (P value = 0.014). Moreover, it was seen that CRP, IL-6, and procalcitonin were increased in dead patients. Also, an association was found between ejection fraction (EF) value and death rate (P value = 0.035). The higher frequency of positive troponin occurring in the dead group suggested a possible adverse effect on the mortality rate (22.3% vs. 16.4%).

Conclusion:
Adults with COVID-19 commonly have cardiac manifestations, including symptoms of myocardial damage. In light of the recognized utility of troponin, ejection fraction, procalcitonin, IL-6, and CRP in COVID-19 patients with suspected myocardial damage, we should develop a safe and precise diagnostic algorithm that may contain patients’ clinical histories and additional variables that may facilitate the prediction of myopericarditis.