bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Ordnung des Rechts – zwischen Erwartung und Enttäuschung. Zum Verwandtschaftsverhältnis von law und order / The order of law - between expectation and disappointment. On the relationship of concepts of law and ideas of order
Authors: Benkel Thorsten 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Da Gesellschaftsstrukturen ohne Ordnungskonzepte nicht vorstellbar sind, nimmt das Recht eine Sonderstellung innerhalb der ständigen Reformulierungsvorgänge ein, die die Rahmenbedingungen der sozialen Wirklichkeit gestalten. Die ordnungsgenerierende Kraft des Rechts spielt sich allerdings weitgehend im Rekurs auf die Rechtsordnung ab, die mit den in der Soziologie diskutierten Modellen der gesellschaftlichen Ordnung keineswegs iden­tisch ist. Je stärker der Referenzcharakter juristischer Normen als rechtssystemimmanentes Element gilt - etwa in den Inszenierungen von Gerichtsverhandlungen -, desto mehr scheinen formales Recht und implizite Ordnungsabsicht auftrennbar. Selbstmisstrauen kann als Relativierungsprinzip das Recht stärker mit außerrechtlichen Ordnungsideen verbinden, sofern damit die Anerkennung einhergeht, dass es im Recht nicht um Gerechtigkeit, sondern um eine spezifische Verwaltung der Produktivkraft von Unordnung geht.
Die Feminissierug des Opfers als diskursive Strategie im Kampf um Opferrechte. Eine wissenssoziologisch-diskursanalytische Annäherung an den Prozess der Rechtsentstehung am Beispiel der Opferrechte im österreichischen Strafprozessreformgesetz / The feminisation of the victim as a discursive strategy in the struggle for victims’ rights. Outline of a discourse analytical approach to the process of lawmaking, exemplified by the victims’ rights in the new Penal Procedure Code in Austria
Authors: Stückler Andreas 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll ein wissenssoziologisch-diskursanalytischer Zugang zum Prozess der Rechtsentstehung skizziert und am Beispiel der Opferrechte im österreichischen Strafprozessreformgesetz demonstriert werden. Dieser Ansatz? nähert sich der Rechtsentstehung über die Analyse von dabei miteinander konkurrierenden Wissens­ordnungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die konkrete Ausgestaltung von Gesetzen. Auf dieser theoretisch-methodologischen Grundlage werden in der dargestellten Fallstudie unterschiedliche im Gesetzwerdungsprozess zirkulierende Opferdiskurse rekonstruiert und deren zugrundeliegenden opferbezogenen Deutungsschemata und Interpretationsmuster analysiert, um so den Prozess der diskursiven Konstruktion des ,Opfers’ als einer neuen strafprozessrechtlichen Kategorie nachzuvollziehen. Als wesentlichstes Ergebnis der Untersuchung kann vor allen Dingen eine auffällig vergeschlechtlichte Beschaffenheit des auf den ersten Blick geschlechtsneutralen Strafprozessrechts und die Bedeutung von geschlechtspezifischen Diskursen für den Verlauf der österreichischen Strafprozessreform nachgewiesen werden.
Protokolle von Vernehmungen im Vergleich und Rezeptionswirkungen in Strafverfahren / Records of investigative interviews in comparison and reception-oriented impacts in criminal procedures
Authors: Capus Nadja , Stoll Mirjam , Vieth Manuela 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Schriftliche Protokolle von Vernehmungen sind nichtige Arbeitsinstrumente in Strafverfahren. Sie tragen zur Rekonstruktion des Sachverhalts bei und sind als Beweismittel ein zentraler Bestandteil der Akten. Nachfolgende Entscheidungen stützen sich zum Teil auf diese Dokumente. In diesem Artikel besprechen wir den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung. Wir legen dazu unterschiedliche Protokollierungsweisen und ihre Einflussfaktoren sowie Wirkungen auf die Rezeption von Protokollen im Strafte fahren dar. Dabei begehen wir Studien zu Befragungs- und Aussagestilen mit ein. Die bisherige Forschung wird der enormen Bedeutung kaum gerecht, die diesen Protokollen in der Praxis zukommt. Wir schlagen daher eine transdisziplinäre Perspektive vor, in der Protokolle an sich als untersuchenswert gelten, und schließen mit einer Forschungsagenda.
„Vergebliche Gesetzgebung“. Die Reform des Sexualstrafrechts 1997/1998 als Jahrhundertprojekt und ihr Scheitern in und an der sogenannten Rechtswirklichkeit / ,Futile legislation’. How the legislative reforms of sexual offences in 1997–1998 became a centennial project and failed in and due to legal reality
Authors: Lembke Ulrike 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Reform der Strafbarkeit von Vergewaltigung und sexueller Nötigung war mit Blick auf ihre Dauer, Mobilisierungswirkung Konzepte und Paradigmenwechsel eines der bedeutendsten Gesetzgebungsverfahren in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die politischen, kulturellen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der über 30 Jahre diskutierten Reform, ihre wesentlichen Akteur*innen, die großen Streitpunkte und die erreichten Änderungen der Gesetzeslage. Doch die mit dem legislativen Großprojekt verbundenen Hoffnungen haben sich nicht er füllt: Die Anzeigequote ist kaum gestiegen, die Verurteilungsquote signifikant gesunken. Wesentliche Hindernisse für die angestrebte effektive Strafverfolgung sind Vergewaltigungsmythen und opferfeindliche Grundeinstellungen. Hierzu gehören fehlerhafte Vorstellungen über Täter und Tatort, die Opfer und deren Glaubwürdigkeit, Häufigkeit und Erscheinungsformen sexualisierter Gewalt, aber auch über Kommunikationsversagen und Mitschuld sowie über den kategorialen Unterschied zwischen Moral und Intimität einerseits und geschlechtsspezifischer Diskriminierung und Gewalt andererseits. Solange Rechtspolitik, Rechtswissenschaft und Rechtspraxis einschlägiges (rechts-) soziologisches Wissen nicht professionell wahrnehmen und umsetzen, werden legislative Reformen vergeblich bleiben.
Rechtswissenschaft und Interdisziplinarität - Einige Beobachtungen aus der Werkstatt / Law and interdisciplinarity - some practical observations
Authors: Huster Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz behandelt praktische Probleme der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit der Rechts­wissenschaft mit anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen. Ergeht dabei auch auf Fragen der juristischen Ausbildung ein.
Diskursanalyse, Wahrheit und Recht: Methodologische Probleme einer Diskursanalyse des Rechts / Discourse analysis, truth and law: Methodological problems of a discourse analysis of law
Authors: Schweitzer Doris 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Michel Foucault hat nie direkt einen discours der Jurisprudenz in den Blick genommen. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob sich die Werkzeuge der Diskursanalyse umstandslos auf die Analyse des Rechts an wenden lassen. Auf methodologischer Ebene tritt- so die These - an Problem auf Die Diskursanalyse wurde von Foucault anhand und für die Untersuchung von Wahrheitsdiskursen entwickelt (I.). Zu den Eigenarten des Rechtsdiskurses gehört jedoch, dass er sich in gewichtigen Teilen gerade nicht als Wahrheits-, sondern als normativer Diskurs bestimmt - und entsprechend andere Diskursmechanismen herausbildet. Daher birgt die Fokussierung auf Wahrheitsdiskurse die Gefahr, zu Fehlschlüssen hinsichtlich der internen Logik des modernen Rechts zu gelangen. Wie eine solche Konzentration auf Wahrheitsdiskurse in problematischer Weise das Bild des Rechts präfiguriert wird anhand der Untersuchung Der Vorsorgestaat des Foucault-Schülers François Ewald aufgezeigt (II.). Um trotz dieser Problematik die Diskursanalyse nicht für das Recht aufgeben zu müssen, werden abschließend drei methodologische Verschiebungen vorgeschlagen (III.).
Werbungskosten oder Subvention? Zur Rechtfertigung der Entfernungspauschale und Perspektiven ihrer Ausgestaltung
Authors: Homburg Stefan , Karrenbrock Holger , Eekhoff Johann 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Stefan Homburg points out that in Germany commuting expenses have been deductible from the income tax base for a long time. Germany’s grand coalition has now restricted this deduction. The article analyses whether or not this was justified from an economic point of view. It is shown that, in the long run, the tax treatment of commuting expenses has nothing to do with production efficiency. Commuting rather represents a form of household production. The overall conclusion is that the more restrictive tax treatment seems economically justifiable.
Whereas Holger Karrenbrock deals with the arguments of the proponents of the so-called ‘Werkstorprinzip’, a principle which means that for tax purposes the sphere of occupational activity ends at the factory gate. He demonstrates that expenses for commuting to and from work are incomerelated and therefore have to be tax deductible. The commutation to and from work is a condition precedent to income production, and the corresponding expenses solely arise from the taxpayer’s occupation, which both is essential in his opinion.
Johann Eekhoff, however, emphasizes that since 2007 costs of commuting in Germany are in principle no longer deductible from taxable income. This change in taxation is appreciated because commuting costs can be substituted by housing costs. Generally speaking, the sum of both cost factors is the same at any distances from work. Only for married couples costs of a second household near the workplace should be tax-deductible if both partners are employed at different places.
Effizienzreserven in der stationären Pflege in Deutschland: Versuch einer Quantifizierung und Implikationen für die Reform der Gesetzlichen Pflegeversicherung
Authors: Häcker Jasmin , König Birgit , Raffelhüschen Bernd , Wernicke Matthias , Wettke Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The design of the German statutory long-term care insurance (LTCI) is deficient in many respects. One of the major flaws in nursing home care is the inherent incentive problem concerning the relationship of the insured, the insurers and the nursing homes: For one, there is no competition amongst the insurers which influences the negotiation behaviour towards the nursing homes concerning the fixing of the daily payment rates. The nursing homes in turn are more or less unrestricted at setting the daily payment rate as the insured are mostly not in a position to fully practice their consumer sovereignty in case of the need of long-term care treatment. In the framework of this paper we try to quantify the efficiency reserve behind these disincentives in nursing home care and try to assess to what extent the contribution rate to LTCI could be reduced, if the efficieny reserves were exhausted.
Zur Entwicklung des Anspruchslohns in Deutschland
Authors: Boss Alfred 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Due to labor market reforms in Germany some years ago, the incentives to work changed. The paper analyzes the effects of the reforms on the reservation wages for specific groups. The replacement rates implied by the system of unemployment benefits and by the rules of means-tested social assistance are investigated in detail. In addition, the paper describes the development of the replacement rates in the recent decades. It turns out that the replacement rates increased in the period 1950 to 1975. Thereafter, the rates for the specific groups developed differently. However, in 2008 the rates are higher than they had been in the fifties and the sixties.
Aspekte sozialer Ungleichheit in Deutschland
Authors: Schupp Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Social inequality is one of the fundamental themes of sociology and has received increasing attention in recent years, not only in economics but also in the public debate. Alongside the attempt to locate this topic in the context of the current social science research, this paper seeks to introduce broader normative dimensions of social inequality and discuss questions regarding its legitimacy. In Germany, the principle of needs-based justice enjoys high legitimacy, but in many respects, its objectives conflict with those of the principle of meritocratic justice. Based on the examples of education and income, the paper shows that upward mobility has stagnated in Germany in recent years, confirming suspicions that talent reserves are not being developed. The paper ends with a discussion of potential unintended consequences of the growing tendency towards a polarization of social inequality.
Liberalismus und Wohlfahrtsstaat
Authors: Rauchenschwandtner Hermann 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper elucidates several aspects of the liberal discourse concerning the welfare state. It is argued that the basic principles of liberalism (the ahistorical economic concept of the self, the fallacy of a naturalistic notion of competition and a state without the foundation of a sovereignty of the people in the tradition of Immanuel Kant) have to be questioned. Thus, a historical- epistemological consideration of the liberal discourse might attaina richer and more meaningful explanation regarding the difference between liberalism and the welfare state. So the liberal self and its desire for competition are normative imperatives and have to be enlarged in respect of a categorical imperative as the basic principle of the welfare state.
Markt und Staat bei Adam Smith
Authors: Treu Johannes 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The name of Adam Smith is always associated with the development of the invisible hand, the differentiation of labour and with the foundation of the economic liberalism, so that his book the Wealth of Nation is still in fashion. Based on the criticism of mercantilism system Smith develops his own economic system. Furthermore this economic system is more than pure discretion, it is also instruction which role the market and the state have to fulfil. Smith attributes to the market his famous role, the free function of the price system. Whereas the function of the state is limited to three tasks and no intervention into the market or price process are allowed.
Die fiskalische Nachhaltigkeit der Zuwanderung in Deutschland – Eine Analyse anhand der Generationenbilanzierung
Authors: Hagist Christian , Moog Stefan , Raffelhüschen Bernd 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Immigration has a twofold impact on the sustainability of German fiscal policy. First, due to its positive impact on population size the fiscal burden spreads more shoulders i. e. the burden per capita declines (demographic effect). Second, the socioeconomic differences across natives and immigrants imply a structural effect, whose sign cannot be determined a priori. Based on the method of Generational Accounting the present paper finds that the overall impact of immigration on the sustainability of Germany’s fiscal policy is positive. This over all positive impact stems from the demographic effect, which outweighs the negative structural effect of immigration. Regarding the design of migration policies we find that considerable gains in sustainability may be reaped by attracting a larger share of high-skilled immigrants, while the positive impact of present immigration may turn negative if the integration of especially the second and third generation of immigrants into society fails.
Leviathan Europa – Stärkung der Nationalstaaten und der EU durch konstitutionelle Schranken?
Authors: Knoll Bodo , Koenig Andreas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The uncontrolled centralization of competences on the European level is problematic insofar as it does not correspond to the citizens’ preferences. Constitutional constraints can prove essential for the freedom and the welfare of EU citizens. Existing constraints like the subsidiarity principle, the Council’s qualified-majority voting threshold, the checks and balances between different institutions, and the constitutional courts are not sufficient. Sunset competences, opting-out rights of the Member States, and the introduction of „Functional, Overlapping, and Competing Jurisdictions“ could strengthen institutional competition within the EU in order to shape the Union’s and Member States’ policies more according to citizens’ preferences.
Ökonomische Grundlagen des Wettbewerbs im Internet
Authors: Kruse Jörn 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The main internet problem is how to deal with temporary overload, which negatively affects quality-sensitive high value services while others do not suffer. Capacity overprovisioning als well as volume tariffs will not be efficient. The optimal solution is the application of priority pricing, where higher prices are paid for higher qualities. This is economically superior to network management as well as to strict net neutrality.
Das Gesetz zur Angemessenheit der Vorstandsvergütung
Authors: Koch Rosemarie , Stadtmann Georg 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We analyze the law regarding the adequacy of executive directors’ compensation in Germany. First we provide an overview of the law’s contents clustered in four different fields. We also introduce economic theories to analyze the principal-agent relationship with one principal (shareholders) and two agents (supervisory board, board of directors) as well as the D & O insurance in the context of two contradicting theories. We debate whether regulation can be viewed as justified and go into detail analyzing each new aspect of the law and possible economic consequences on the compensation level. We also provide a short overview and discuss the implication of the law by German firms.
Wettbewerb im deutschen Mobilfunkmarkt
Authors: Haucap Justus , Heimeshoff Ulrich , Stühmeier Torben 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper studies competition in the German market for mobile telecommunications, motivated by recent suggestions that T-Mobile and Vodafone possess a position of collective dominance. Allegedly, their position of joint dominance is secured through a combination of first-mover advantages and discrimination between on-net and off-net prices. While our qualitative analysis remains inconclusive, as some factors tend to favour collusion while others make collusion more difficult to sustain, our empirical analysis suggests that T-Mobile and Vodafone cannot act independently of their smaller rivals, but that they are disciplined by their smaller competitors’ offerings
Verteilungskonflikte durch die europäische Klimaschutzpolitik – Verschärft die EU die Hungerproblematik?
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this essay the European energy and climate protection policy and its effects on developing countries are to be discussed. Are their nutrition problems being detereorated or do additional exports establish opportunities for a sustainable development? I argue that coherence of energy security and climate protection policy, as aimed by the European Commission, cannot be achieved by the measures taken so far. First of all the paper discusses the primacy of competition policy while, in the second place, strategic selectivity of climate instruments will be dealt with. Thridly, the „faith in technology“ will be approached and the fourth issue is dedicated to agrofuels and the commodification of developing countries’ ressources. As a result the EU energy and climate policy is about to aggravate nutrition problems. What is needed is a Transformation to a sustainable economy to realigning the north-south divide on the one and to overcome inconsistencies between ener gy security and climate policy on the other hand.
Zugangsentgelte zur Infrastruktur der Deutsche Bahn AG: Fluch oder Segen durch vertikale Separierung?
Authors: Bataille Marc , Coenen Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
It has been a policy proposal since long to vertically separate transport and infrastructure in Germany’s railway sector. The proposal received new momentum, when selling the transport subsidiaries of Deutsche Bahn AG to the public was discussed in 2008 / 2009. While vertical separation is general ly understood to prevent foreclosure and discrimination by the incumbent network- operator, advocates of vertical integration claim separation to have adverse effects on access prices to the infrastructure. We examine the price setting incentives of an integrated and a separated network-operator and compare our results to rough empirical findings on the profitability of the Deutsche Bahn AG infrastructure branches. Theoretical analysis highlights that after separation exceptional mark-ups on access prices to the railwayinfrastructure are feasible only in segments of railway-transport with insufficient competition. We therefore conclude that an economic policy for the railway sector directed on efficient supply and promoting effective competition should unbind itself from alleged price synergies and should press ahead with vertical separation instead.
Altersarmut mit Augenmaß statt politischem Aktionismus vermeiden
Authors: Arentz Oliver , Roth Steffen J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstrac
t Poverty among the elderly is currently an exception in Germany. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that future pensioners will have less income and assets at their disposal. Reasons are the effects of the demographic change to the pay-as-you-go pension scheme, gaps in employment biographies and low pay employment. With that in mind, the reform package advocated by the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is discussed and guidelines for a sustainable reform of the pension schemes are derived.
Keine Königswege bei der Verhinderung von Altersarmut
Authors: Rürup Bert 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Poverty in old age is, up to now, not a relevant social problem in Germany.
Nevertheless, there are clear indications that poverty among the elderly will increase in the future due to a bundle of reasons. Because of this there is no silver bullet to solve this problem. In the conception of an adequate strategy to reduce and to prevent a rise of poverty in old age, however, the equivalence principle as the basic principal the German statutory pension scheme has to be questioned critically.
Länderverschuldung: Hoher Konsolidierungsbedarf, unzureichende Konsolidierungsbemühungen
Authors: Gebhardt Heinz , Kambeck Rainer , Matz Florian , Schmidt Christoph M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In a bold legislative move, in 2009 Germany introduced a fundamental reform of the government borrowing rules which are specified in its constitution. In particular, state governments will be required to provide a balanced budget, abstracting from cyclical fluctuations, starting in the year 2020. A fundamental requirement for the practical implementation of such a rule is the unequivocal decomposition of the actual budget surplus or deficit into derived structural and cyclical components. This paper uses an approach designed to identify cyclical components which tend to average out over time, and calculates the corresponding current structural deficits of all 16 federal states. We find that, at the time being, only two federal states have exerted sufficient effort to reduce their structural deficits to an extent which would be fully compatible with the objective of adhering to the constitutional rules at the end of this decade.
Eine ökonomische Analyse der Überwälzbarkeit der Kernbrennstoffsteuer
Authors: Haucap Justus 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The paper analyses the incidence of the nuclear fuel tax, which has been imposed on operators of nuclear power plants by Germany’s Federal Government in 2011. The incidence of the tax matters not only from a distributional perspective, but also from a legal point of view as constitutional rules governing public finances in Germany mandate that the burden of a tax can be shifted to consumers in order for a tax to be declared as a consumption tax. Otherwise, the Federal Government has much more limited competences to invent new taxes. This paper shows that the burden of the nuclear fuel tax can neither be shifted to consumers in electricity spot or future markets nor can it be shifted to sellers of nuclear fuels. Hence, the incidence falls entirely on nuclear power plant operators and is, therefore, equivalent to a tax on their profits.