bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demise of a Galactic Supernova Remnant Candidate, G274.68–2.84
Authors: Caswell J. L. , Stewart R. T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractYoung supernova remnants are poorly understood and few are known. Further examples may be present, but unrecognised, within existing catalogues of radio sources. G274.68–2.84 was recently suggested as one such candidate but our new radio map from the Australia Telescope indicates that it is not a supernova remnant. Rather, it appears to be extragalactic with a strong, variable, flat-spectrum nucleus, and a bright X-ray counterpart.
SN 1987A: the Light Curve
Authors: Whitelock Patricia , Menzies John , Caldwell John A. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe changing total luminosity of SN 1987A between 2 and 1200 days after core collapse is illustrated and discussed. From about four weeks after outburst the supernova light curve was dominated by the release of radioactive decay energy; the major contributor being 0.078M⊙ of 56Co. Recently an additional contribution probably from the decay of 57Co and 44Ti appears to be manifesting itself in the light curve. A gradually increasing fraction of the radioactive decay energy has probably been emitted at X- and γ-ray wavelengths; the fluxes are low and no recent measurements have been published. Most of the remaining radioactive decay energy appears to be emitted in the IR and is very difficult to measure. Other factors influencing the interpretation of the recent light curve are the uncertain contribution from long-lived radioactive isotopes and light-echoes. It is therefore premature to make any definitive statements on the contribution from the neutron star, although it is probably less than a few times 1037 erg s−1.
X-ray Observations of SN 1987A with Ginga
Authors: Inoue H. , Hayashida K. , Itoh M. , Kondo H. , Mitsuda K. , Takeshima T. , Tanaka Y. , Yoshida K. , Makishima Kazuo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper summarises Ginga X-ray observations of SN 1987 A.
Balloon X-ray Astronomical Observations: a China-Japan Collaborative Transoceanic Flight
Authors: Hang Heng-Rong , Zang Zhi-Yun , Liu Shan-Zhao , Ma Gui-Qing , Gong I-Zhong , Yamagami Takamasa , Nakagawa Michio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA China-Japan X-ray balloon flight took place in 1988 August. Preliminary results are presented for the energy spectrum of Cyg X-1.
Improving the Angular Resolution of the Buckland Park Air Shower Array
Authors: Meyhandan R. , Clay R. W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAir showers initiated by primary cosmic rays and gamma rays produce shower fronts which are curved. However, the arrival directions of air shower events have normally been fitted assuming a planar shower front. We present a technique which takes the average shower front shape into account to assign an improved shower direction after a first analysis assuming a plane front. We then examine the resulting angular resolution of the Buckland Park array.
Radio Continuum around NGC 7538–IRS 1
Authors: Akabane K. , Inoue M. , Kawabe R. , Ohashi N. , Kamaya O. , Ishiguro M. , Sofue Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report continuum observations of the NGC 7538–IRS 1, 2 and 3 regions made with the NRO 45-metre dish between 43 and 90 GHz, and present a brief interpretation.
Spectral imaging of η Carinae
Authors: Allen David , Hillier John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have secured spectra at high signal/noise ratio in a grid of points across the entire Homunculus Nebula surrounding the peculiar, massive star η Carinae. The data cover the wavelength range 420–1000 nm. Included are parts of the outer nebulosity dating from a prehistoric ejection episode. At a spatial resolution of about 1 arcsec we find dramatic differences in emission Ime ratios and profiles, sometimes in adjacent resolution elements.
The Diameter of (9) Metis from the Occultation of SAO 190531
Authors: Kissling W. M. , Blow G. L. , Allen W. H. , Priestley J. , Riley P. , Daalder P. , George M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe observations in this paper were carried out as part of a program co-ordinated by the Occultation Section of the Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand.On 6 August 1989 minor planet (9) Metis occulted the magnitude 8.7 star SAO 190531. The occultation was observed by two visual observers in Tasmania, and at one photoelectric and two visual sites in New Zealand. From the five chords obtained we have deduced an average cross-sectional diameter for this minor planet of 173.5 km at the time of the occultation. This is in good agreement with previous radiometric and polarimetric results.
A Possible Cause for Umbral Oscillations
Authors: Yun H. S. , Lee J. W. , Moon Y-J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn attempt has been made to examine the nature of 3-minute umbral oscillations in order to identify their origin. For this purpose we have calculated, on the basis of Musielak and Rosner (1987), the fast-mode energy spectra generated in a typical sunspot convection zone (Yun 1968). The computed energy spectrum is fed into the lower boundary of the sub-photospheric resonant cavity to examine the characteristics of the wave propagation through the SS umbral atmosphere (Avrett 1981). The upward velocity spectra computed at various heights are presented and their behaviour compared with observations.
PKSCAT90: the Southern Radio Source Database
Authors: Otrupcek Robina E. , Wright Alan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe PKSCAT90 database consists of radio and optical data for 8264 radio sources. It covers all the sky south of declination +27 degrees. Most of the galactic plane and the Magellanic Cloud regions are excluded from this catalogue but have been the subject of other specialised surveys. A few data errors in the initial PKSCAT90 version 1.00 released in March 1990 have been corrected in the current version 1.01 edition.
Coulomb Interactions between Cosmic Rays and Charged Dust Grains
Authors: Byleveld S.E. , Melrose D.B. , Cram LE. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe transfer of kinetic energy between cosmic rays and charged dust grains is investigated. The time required for heating of the dust grains due to Coulomb interactions is estimated and compared with the heating time due to ionisation losses by the cosmic rays. Heating of dust grains by cosmic rays is examined in connection with the FIR–radio correlation in galaxies: even for the most favorable conditions, including a high energy density in low-energy, ≲ 100 keV, cosmic rays, the conclusions are equivocal.
Preliminary Results from the Edinburgh-Cape Bright QSO Survey (ECBQS)
Authors: Savage A. , Cannon R.D. , Stobie R.S. , Kilkenny D. , O'Donoghue D. , Chen An-Le 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Edinburgh-Cape Bright QSO Survey is a very small sub-set of the Edinburgh Cape Blue Object Survey, which is a major survey to discover blue stellar objects brighter than B~18 in the southern sky. It will cover an area of sky of 10,000 square degrees with |b|>30 and dec <0. The blue stellar objects are selected by automatic techniques from U and B pairs of UK Schmidt Telescope plates scanned with the COSMOS measuring machine. Follow-up photometry and spectroscopy is being obtained with the SAAO telescopes to classify the types of objects brighter than B=16.5, with some of the more stubborn objects being subjected to AAO service spectroscopy. Some preliminary results for the 6% QSO minority are presented in this paper and comparison is made with the Palomar-Green QSO Survey in the north, which we find to be at least a factor of two incomplete.
Propagation Effects on the Cyclotron Maser Mechanism for Solar Microwave Spike Bursts
Authors: Kuncic Z. , Robinson P.A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe loss-cone-driven electron cyclotron maser instability is widely believed to be responsible for millisecond bursts of intense microwave emission often observed during solar flares. However, the maser radiation is strongly absorbed as it propagates outward from the corona and existing analytical models predict that this absorption should be sufficiently strong to prevent observable levels of the radiation from escaping, except under highly restrictive conditions. In order to address the problem of how microwave spike bursts can be observed at all, we present a numerical ray-tracing analysis which incorporates emission, propagation and absorption of fundamental cyclotron maser radiation in a realistic model of a coronal flux loop. It is found that the radiation can escape to a potential observer and that the physical conditions under which escape occurs are more restrictive for fundamental emission in the extraordinary (x)-mode than in the ordinary (0)-mode. Escaping radiation in the x-mode is found to be highly directional and chiefly observable toward the center of the solar disk, while escaping 0-mode radiation is found to emerge from the corona over a much wider range of directions, with some cases corresponding to observable radiation near the solar limb.
IRIS: an Infrared Imager and Spectrometer for the Anglo-Australian Telescope
Authors: Allen David A. , Barton John R. , Burton Michael G. , Davies Helen , Farrell Tony J. , Gillingham Peter R. , Lankshear Allan F. , Lindner Paul L. , Mayfield Donald J. , Meadows Vikki S. , Schafer Gordon E. , Shortridge Keith , Spyromilio Jason , Straede John O. , Waller Lewis G. , Whittard Denis L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe describe a versatile infrared camera/spectrograph, IRIS, designed and constructed at the Anglo-Australian Observatory for use on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. A variety of optical configurations can be selected under remote control to provide several direct image scales and a few low-resolution spectroscopic formats. Two cross-dispersed transmission echelles are of novel design, as is the use of a modified Bowen-Burch system to provide a fast f/ratio in the widest-field option. The drive electronics includes a choice of readout schemes for versatility, and continuous display when the array is not taking data, to facilitate field acquisition and focusing.The linearity of the detector has been studied in detail. Although outwardly good, slight nonlinearities prevent removal of fixed-pattern noise from the data without application of a cubic linearising function.Specific control and data-reduction software has been written. We describe also a scanning mode developed for spectroscopic imaging.
3C 273: The Hazards of Publication
Authors: Haynes Raymond F. , Haynes Roslynn D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn March 1963 a paper by Hazard, Mackey and Shimmins in Nature, announced an accurate position for the radio source 3C 273. This was subsequently identified as the first known quasar. Through an innocent editorial mistake, the affiliation of the first author was wrongly attributed. This caused long-term animosity between the Physics Department of the University of Sydney and the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics.
The Australia Telescope Project: Going Along Nicely, Thank You!
Authors: Whiteoak J . B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbstract: The Australia Telescope is an advanced radio astronomy facility planned to satisfy the major research requirements of Australian scientists. The construction project, begun in 1983, is now well along the way to completion as an Australian Bicentennial activity. The civil works at the main Culgoora site are complete. The construction of the seven 22-m antennas has begun: the first will be handed over in November 1986, the last a year later. Most other areas of the project – feed construction, receiver construction, computer development etc. are on schedule.
Simultaneous infrared and optical photometry of the Eclipsing Dwarf Nova V2051 Ophiuchi
Authors: Watts D. J. , Watson R. D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA complete orbital light-curve of V2051 Oph in the IR H band is presented, together with a second eclipse in the J band. Simultaneous Rc band data were obtained. Eclipse depths in Rc, J and H are 1.8 mag, 1.0 mag and 0.8 mag respectively. No evidence for ellipsoidal variations due to the secondary was seen and constraints on the secondary are discussed.
The Active Radio Star HD 36705
Authors: Slee O. B. , Nelson G. J. , Innis J . L. , Stewart R. T. , Vaughan A. , Wright A. E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe single G8V active chromosphere star HD36705 (AB Dor) was observed at 8.4 GHz with the Parkes 64 m telescope during three observing sessions involving a total of 21 days in the interval 1985 December to 1986 February. Subsequent photometric observations were made of the star with the 0.25 m and 0.45 m telescopes of the Monash Observatory in 1986 March-April. Two strong radio flares, each lasting three days, were detected; they yielded peak radio powers ofP8.4≈4×109W Hz-1, comparable with the microwave power emitted by the RS CVn binaries. Significant circular polarization of 13% left-hand was measured on only one of the six active days. The 8.4 GHz flux density showed smooth variation over an interval of several hours, consistent with the flare source being partly occulted by the stellar disk as the star rotated. When all the radio data was phase-binned using the known rotation period of 0.514 day we found two radio maxima corresponding to radio sources at stellar longitudes ~180° apart. The subsequent photometric data showed intensity variations that were consistent with the starspots at the same approximate longitudes. We thus interpret our radio curve as showing the presence of comparatively small (<0.5 D*) radio sources in the corona above the star spots. The upper limit to source diameter gives a peak brightness temperature ≥2×l010K, which can be achieved by gyro-synchrotron emission only if the source is optically thick and the electrons, with average energy ~ 2 MeV, have a hard energy spectrum. The observed radiation can be due only to very high harmonics of the gyro-frequency, leading to an estimate for the magnetic field strength of ~30G.
Astronomical Coordinates at the Parkes Radio Telescope
Authors: McConnell D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Parkes radio telescope has been fitted with a new control system. Part of this system is a computer for transforming position requests into commands to the telescope drive. The high computing power coupled with a new control for the master control unit has allowed modes of telescope control not previously available. These new capabilities include scanning the telescope in any astronomical coordinate system, the definition and use of beams offset in azimuth and elevation from the telescope’s optical axis and the definition of arbitrary coordinate frames which may move with respect to standard reference frames. The new control system fully supports the new standard epoch of J2000.0 and uses the newly adopted constants for Earth axis precession and nutation.
John Tebbutt’s Observations of Halley’s Comet in 1910
Authors: Röser Siegfried , White Graeme L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Windsor amateur astronomer, John Tebbutt, had a ceased observing in 1907. However, in 1909, at the age of 75, he came out of retirement to observe Halley’s comet and his astrometric positions were published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. These data were used, together with most published observations from the 1835 and 1910 apparitions, for the computation of Halley’s orbit for ESA’s Halley intercept spacecraft, Giotto. A detailed analysis of the observations have shown minor imperfections that, when corrected, gave rms errors of 3''.5 arc in right ascension and 2''.8 in declination. His systematic errors are negligible at the 0''.2 level.
Political Order in Pre-Modern Eurasia: Imperial Incorporation and the Hereditary Divisional System
Authors: MUNKH-ERDENE LHAMSUREN 
Published: July 2016

AbstractComparing the Liao, the Chinggisid and the Qing successive incorporations of Inner Asia, this article is prepared to argue that the hereditary divisional system that these Inner Asian empires employed to incorporate and administer their nomadic population was the engine that generated what scholars see either as ‘tribes’ or ‘aristocratic order’. This divisional system, because of its hereditary membership and rulership, invariably tended to produce autonomous lordships with distinct names and identities unless the central government took measures to curb the tendency. Whenever the central power waned, these divisions emerged as independent powers in themselves and their lords as contenders for the central power. The Chinggisid power structure did not destroy any tribal order; instead, it destroyed and incorporated a variety of former Liao politico-administrative divisions into its own decimally organizedminqansand transformed the former Liao divisions into quasi-political named categories of populace, theirgens, stripping them of their own politico-administrative structures. In turn, the Qing, in incorporating Mongolia, divided the remains of the Chinggisid divisions, thetümensandotogs, intokhoshuuand transformed them into quasi-politicalayimaqs. Thus, it was the logic of the imperial incorporation and the hereditary divisional system that produced multiple politico-administrative divisions and quasi-political identity categories.
Buddhism, Human Rights and Constitutional Reform in Thailand
Authors: Harding Andrew 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to address the relationship between Buddhism, constitutional reform and human rights in Thailand. It poses the questions: To what extent is the Thai state Buddhist in character? How are we to describe the relationship between Buddhism and the state? Can and should human rights be supported or presented as being supported by Buddhism, or interpreted according to Buddhist ideas? The historical relationship between the state and the sangha is examined, in which the state used religion to bolster the state's legitimacy. The place of Buddhism, human rights and the Human Rights Commission under the 1997 constitutional reforms is then addressed, in the context in particular of the problem of insurgency in the Southern provinces. It is concluded that the constitution-makers rightly refused to make Buddhism the state religion but that attempts to disseminate human rights understanding in Buddhist terms are justified, provided inter-faith dialogue is part of this process.
Law of Apostasy and Freedom of Religion in Malaysia
Authors: Adil Mohamed Azam Mohamed 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe right to freedom of religion is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed in Islam. This is emphasised in verse 256 of Sura al-Baqara: “Let there be no compulsion in religion”. However, the majority of classical Muslim jurists opine that the right to freedom of religion is not applicable to Muslims, that Muslims who intend to leave the Islamic faith or who have apostatised should be condemned to the death penalty. In reality, punishment for apostasy is not prescribed in the Qur'an and had not been practised by the Prophet (S.A.W.). Instead, the Prophet (S.A.W.) had imposed the death penalty upon apostates because their acts were contemptuous of, and hostile towards, Islam. Muslims who merely renounced the Islamic religion were only required to undergo a process of repentance (tawba). The right to freedom of religion is guaranteed in Article 11(1) of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. However, as Islamic matters belong to the state jurisdictions, most provisions in relation to apostasy are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Shari'a Courts. Apostates are subject to punishments such as fine, imprisonment and whipping. This article makes an in-depth study of the right to freedom of religion and the issue of apostasy from the Islamic law perspective, and argues that Muslims who intend to leave the Islamic faith are only required to undergo a process of repentance (tawba), and any punishment prescribed for apostasy is contrary to the right to freedom of religion.
The Yogyakarta Local Ombudsman: Promoting Good Governance through Local Support
Authors: Crouch Melissa A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Yogyakarta Ombudsman was established in 2005 as the first Local Ombudsman in Indonesia. Its introduction forms part of the democratic reforms aimed at tackling the problem of corruption within the bureaucracy. This article examines the Local Ombudsman's first year of operation, and asks whether it is addressing corruption and promoting good governance as hoped.
Ideology and Law: The Impact of the MIB Ideology on Law and Dispute Resolution in the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Black Ann 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince 1984, the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam has chartered its post-independence course through its proclaimed ideological compass of MIB (Melayu, Islam, Beraja). All three pillars of MIB - Malay culture, the religion of Islam, and the institution of an absolute Monarchy - are traditional, long standing Bruneian features, which have been expertly crafted in the last two decades to act as the filter by which modernisation and development can occur. As the ideology is all-encompassing, law has not only been one of the vehicles for implementation, but is being shaped to accord with the tenets of MIB. This can be seen in legislation, legal institutions and processes for dispute resolution with the promotion of a more distinctive Malay character as well as a discernible Islamization agenda. The paper explores each of these as well as processes of enacting laws in this Sultanate where, in the absence of an elected democratic parliament, all law emanates from the monarch.
China, India, and the Law of the World Trade Organization
Authors: Qin Julia Ya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article seeks to assess the respective contributions of China and India to the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and to gain from a comparative perspective a better understanding on the potential impact of China on the WTO system. It observes that, although China's share in world trade is more than four times as large as that of India, China has played a much less significant role than India in both WTO rulemaking and adjudicatory processes. To date the major impact of China on WTO law stems from the special terms of its accession, many of which depart from the basic norms and principles of the WTO. India, on the other hand, has been one of the most active contributors to the development of WTO law and jurisprudence. The author suggests that the divergence in WTO legal practices of the two countries is attributable to a number of factors and that the presence of these factors will continue to influence their behavior within the WTO system.
Reconceptualising the Relationship between the Mainland Chinese Legal System and the Hong Kong Legal System
Authors: Chan Cora 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt has been more than a decade since China began her experiment of “One Country, Two Systems” in Hong Kong (HK). It is now generally assumed that the relationship between the legal systems of these two jurisdictions is monistic. Analysing post-Handover constitutional case law in HK, including a recent landmark decision on sovereign immunity,FG Hemisphere Associates LLC v. Democratic Republic of Congo,this article challenges this assumption and argues that the relationship between the two legal systems is best conceptualized as a form of legal pluralism found in the European Union.