bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremento rápido de las universidades en España. Una red espacial de centros con difíciles reorganizaciones futuras
Authors: Martínez José Serrano 
Published: November 2016

Entre 1970 y 2000 se incrementa mucho el número de estudiantes universitarios en España. Sin embargo, a partir de 2001 comienza a descender, en especial los que siguen cursos en las Universidades estatales. La red de universidades ha crecido aún con mayor vigor durante esos años. Ha sido un proceso escasamente planificado. Ante la nueva realidad hay diferentes síntomas que aconsejan cambios estructurales en el sistema de funcionamiento de las Universidades españolas. Sin embargo, los intereses de las ciudades y de los gobiernos regionales constituyen una realidad de poder importante que dificulta cualquier proceso de reorganización territorial del sistema espacial de localización de las Universidades
O espaço rural brasileiro em transformação
Authors: Elesbão Ivo 
Published: November 2016

O espaço rural passou e está passando por muitas mudanças, tornando-se com isso cada vez mais complexo o desaﬁo de entender seu funcionamento. Neste artigo, analisam-se as transformações em curso no espaço rural brasileiro, apoiados numa revisão bibliográﬁca de autores que têm o rural como objeto de estudo. Constatou-se que ocorreu uma evolução dos usos do espaço rural, com o surgimento e emergência de novas aptidões, que levam a um novo olhar sobre o rural e a uma redeﬁnição das suas atribuições. Nesse sentido, é fundamental que as estratégias de desenvolvimento levem em consideração a grande diversidade e valorizem as potencialidades que cada local oferece, para que se consiga ultrapassar a situação de abandono em que muitas áreas rurais brasileiras se encontram.
Aplicação dos sistemas de informação geográfica no turismo
Authors: Sousa Paulo Rocha , Fernandes Sílvia Brito 
Published: November 2016

Com o objectivo de incrementar as relações entre os agentes socioeconómicos envolvidos no sector turístico e seus clientes, mostrando os produtos e serviços que oferecem, harmonizados com descrições histórico-culturais locais, pretende-se ensaiar a concepção de um sistema de informação com componente geográ-ﬁca (SIG) para aplicação no turismo. O sistema deve permitir a integração de vários serviços de informação, acessíveis através de diferentes plataformas tecnológicas, para que os agentes possam estabelecer relações formais e informais entre si, utilizando as tecnologias de comunicação ao seu alcance. A referenciação geográﬁca dos locais é integrada com informação adicional especíﬁca, de forma a permitir uma maior percepção dos recursos existentes. Para se consolidar junto do público-alvo, designadamente turistas e visitantes, o sistema deve ser enriquecido com conteúdos multimédia e de carácter geográﬁco, histórico, cultural, etnográﬁco com o objectivo de conquistar a sua utilização.A deﬁnição de regras de acesso e construção de conteúdos, incluindo a consideração de critérios de qualidade e de perﬁs comportamentais ao longo do tempo, são elementos enriquecedores para o SIG. A disponibilização destes conteúdos deve ser realizada de acordo com o tipo e localização da plataforma de acesso como meio de potenciar a sua utilização e a realização económica dos agentes envolvidos. Aspectos relevantes a explorar são, por um lado, a importância do sistema para o turismo na medida em que pode orientar estratégias de ocupação do território e de desenvolvimento sustentado e, por outro lado, a criação de novos negócios e serviços onlinemais seguros e concebidos de acordo com os padrões deﬁnidos no sistema. Estes padrões devem ser adequados às estratégias e políticas deﬁnidas para o sector a nível nacional e regional, pois o público-alvo procura encontrar informações úteis sobre as várias regiões para tomar a melhor decisão. Com o amadurecimento do sistema, outros sectores de actividade poderão ser objecto da expansão do mesmo.
Dimensões e espaços da inovação social
Authors: André Isabel , Abreu Alexandre 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo discute o conceito de inovação social e identifica as suasprincipais dimensões analíticas. Pretende-se construir uma matriz analítica que permita, por um lado, sistematizar e comparar estudos de caso sobre o papel da inova-ção social no desenvolvimento dos territórios e, por outro, definir indicadores paraum estudo de carácter extensivo. São identificadas cinco dimensões de análise dainovação social: a natureza, os estímulos, os recursos e dinâmicas, os agentes e osmeios inovadores ou criativos. Dá-se particular importância à quinta dimensão deanálise correspondente à espacialidade do processo de inovação social, ou seja, àscaracterísticas dos meios inovadores ou criativos. Nesta perspectiva, salienta-se aideia da plasticidade do meio – lugar ou espaço-rede – resultante da conjugação detrês condições: a diversidade, que assegura a abertura ao exterior e a entrada deideias, atitudes e práticas novas; a tolerância, que permite o risco, possibilitando, poressa via, a emergência de inovação; a participação, que promove o debate e o envolvimento dos actores. Na segunda parte do artigo, apresenta-se um estudo de casoexploratório, o microcrédito em Portugal, que surge como um exercício de aplica-ção da matriz analítica apresentada na primeira parte. Este caso ilustra bem o papeldecisivo do capital relacional na inovação social, bem como a articulação entre váriasescalas do espaço-rede.
Trends in Personal Belief Exemption Rates Among Alternative Private Schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000–2014
Authors: Brennan Julia M. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Richards Jennifer L. , Allen Kristen E. , Warraich Gohar J. , Omer Saad B. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods. Methods. We used California Department of Public Health data on kindergarten PBE rates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools. Results. Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 times higher than in public schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1; 95% confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2). Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%). Conclusions. Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed.
Gain in Insurance Coverage and Residual Uninsurance Under the Affordable Care Act: Texas, 2013–2016
Authors: Pickett Stephen , Marks Elena , Ho Vivian 
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) Marketplace on Texas residents and determine which population subgroups benefited the most and which the least. Methods. We analyzed insurance coverage rates among nonelderly Texas adults using the Health Reform Monitoring Survey-Texas from September 2013, just before the first open enrollment period in the Marketplace, through March 2016. Results. Texas has experienced a roughly 6–percentage-point increase in insurance coverage (from 74.7% to 80.6%; P = .012) after implementation of the major insurance provisions of the ACA. The 4 subgroups with the largest increases in adjusted insurance coverage between 2013 and 2016 were persons aged 50 to 64 years (12.1 percentage points; P = .002), Hispanics (10.9 percentage points; P = .002), persons reporting fair or poor health status (10.2 percentage points; P = .038), and those with a high school diploma as their highest educational attainment (9.2 percentage points; P = .023). Conclusions. Many population subgroups have benefited from the ACA’s Marketplace, but approximately 3 million Texas residents still lack health coverage. Adopting the ACA’s Medicaid expansion is a means to address the lack of coverage.
Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Literacy Among Korean American Women: A Community Health Worker–Led Intervention
Authors: Han Hae-Ra , Song Youngshin , Kim Miyong , Hedlin Haley K. , Kim Kyounghae , Ben Lee Hochang , Roter Debra 
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To test a community health worker (CHW)-led health literacy intervention on mammogram and Papanicolaou test screening among Korean American women. Methods. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial at 23 ethnic churches in the Baltimore, Maryland–Washington, DC, metropolitan area between 2010 and 2014. Trained CHWs enrolled 560 women. The intervention group received an individually tailored cancer-screening brochure followed by CHW-led health literacy training and monthly telephone counseling with navigation assistance. Study outcomes included receipt of an age-appropriate cancer screening test, health literacy, cancer knowledge, and perceptions about cancer screening at 6 months. Results. The odds of having received a mammogram were 18.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.2, 37.4) times higher in the intervention than in the control group, adjusting for covariates. The odds of receiving a Papanicolaou test were 13.3 (95% CI = 7.9, 22.3) times higher; the odds of receiving both tests were 17.4 (95% CI = 7.5, 40.3) times higher. Intervention effects also included increases in health literacy and positive perceptions about cancer screening. Conclusions. A health literacy–focused CHW intervention successfully promoted cancer-screening behaviors and related cognitive and attitudinal outcomes in Korean American women.
Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Havlin John L. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Initiated in 1961, a 50‐yr field study quantified continuous irrigated corn response to annual N and P rates.
Positive N–P interactions on grain yield and grain N/P concentrations were documented.
Economic optimum N rate varied greatly over years, but averaged ∼175 kg N ha−1 (1992‐2010).
Significantly greater apparent fertilizer N recovery in grain (∼45%) occurred with P fertilization compared to no P (∼20%).
Long‐term field studies can be used to improve nutrient effects on productivity.
Long‐term agricultural field experiments provide valuable information regarding the effects of nutrient inputs on crop productivity. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 50 yr of annual N and P application on irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, grain nutrient uptake, and economic optimum N rates. Six N (0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha−1) and three P rates (0, 20, and 40 kg P ha−1) in a factorial arrangement were applied annually from 1992 to 2010 to a Ulysses silt loam near Tribune, KS. From 1961 to 1991, only two P rates (0 and 20 kg P ha−1) were applied with the six N rates. During the last 19 yr, grain yield increased 20% with P alone and 103% with N alone; however, N and P applied together increased grain yields up to 225% compared to the unfertilized control. The N rate required for maximum profit at 20 and 40 kg P ha−1 averaged 172 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively. At the economic optimum N rate of 172 kg N ha−1, apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery in grain (AFNRg) was 44% and apparent fertilizer phosphorus recovery (AFPRg) was 63 and 44% with 20 and 40 kg P ha−1, respectively. Fifty years of irrigated corn response to N and P fertilization demonstrated a strong positive interaction between N and P on grain yield, apparent N and P recovery, and profitability.
Nitrate Reduction in a Hydrologically Restored Bottomland Hardwood Forest in the Mississippi River Watershed, Northern Louisiana
Authors: Hurst Nia , White John R. , Baustian Joseph 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
River–floodplain connectivity is low in the Mississippi River basin.
Floodplain restoration led to an increase in NO3 reduction from river water.
Recovery of NO3 reduction was faster than other soil microbial measures.
Nitrogen loading from the Mississippi River leads to formation of water column hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico every summer. Bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests located within the Mississippi River watershed could play a crucial role in reducing NO3− loading to the Gulf of Mexico. However, much river–floodplain connectivity has been muted due to building of levees and land conversion for agriculture. Restoring floodplain–river connectivity can potentially reduce river NO3−. Mollicy Farms, a 6475‐ha BLH site in northern Louisiana, is the largest floodplain reconnection and BLH reforestation project in the Mississippi River Basin. Soil properties, including microbial measures (microbial biomass N, potentially mineralizable N, and β‐glucosidase activity) and NO3− reduction rates were compared with a control site. Nitrate reduction rates in the restored site were 28% lower than in the control site (11.8 ± 3.4 vs. 16.4 ± 8.1 mg N m−2 d−1), with the potential removal of ∼48.1 Mg of NO3–N from the Ouachita River annually. Other soil microbial measures, however, were >50% lower in the restored site compared with the control site, demonstrating that NO3− reduction has responded more quickly to hydrologic reconnection. Therefore, NO3− reduction in restored floodplain wetlands may have a relatively more rapid trajectory of recovery, allowing hydrologic reconnection to be an effective tool for enhancing NO3− reduction in the Lower Mississippi alluvial valley and reducing N flux to the coastal ocean.
Calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producido con sustratos orgánicos
Authors: Salas-Pérez Lilia , Gonzáles-Fuentes José Antonio , García-Carrillo Mario , Sifuentes-Ibarra Ernesto , Parra-Terrazas Saúl , Preciado-Rangel Pablo 
Published: November 2016

La creciente inquietud de la opinión pública sobre los efectos negativos de las actividades agrícolas en el ambiente se ha provocado que la producción de cultivos se realice de una manera más sustentable, especialmente en el manejo de la fertilización. Al respecto la composta es un abono orgánico utilizado como fuente de nutrimentos y como componente de sustratos en la agricultura protegida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes sustratos a base de composta de ganado bovino (C) mezclada con arena de río (A), sobre el rendimiento y la calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producidos bajo condiciones en invernadero. Los porcentajes de los sustratos fueron: 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 (C: A) y como control se utilizó la solución nutritiva Steiner en arena. Las variables evaluadas fueron rendimiento, peso promedio de fruto, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, espesor de pericarpio y sólidos solubles totales (calidad biofísica). La calidad nutracéutica se determinó mediante el análisis de licopeno y actividad antioxidante. El mayor rendimiento y calidad biofísica de los frutos se presentó con el uso de la solución nutritiva convencional. En cambio, los frutos obtenidos a partir de composta: arena 75:25 obtuvieron los valores mayores de sólidos solubles y capacidad antioxidante, 12.5 % mayor en sólidos solubles y 27 % mayor en capacidad antioxidante comparados con los obtenidos con solución nutritiva Steiner. La combinación composta con arena para su uso como sustrato orgánico es una alternativa viable para la producción orgánica de tomate en invernadero ya que el rendimiento y la calidad son aceptables. Además; dado el potencial de uso en la agricultura organica certificada, los usuarios eventualmente podrán lograr un sobreprecio y mejorar la relación beneficio/costo, lo que proporciona una potencial comercialización competitiva para el productor, al tiempo que disminuye el uso de insumos inorgánicos con lo que se contribuye a la preservación del medio ambiente.
Chemosystematic of Enterobacteriaceae Familia Obtained from Blood Cultures Based on Total Protein Profiles
Authors: Darmawati Sri , Sembiring Langkah , Asmara Widya , Artama Wayan T. , Anwar Syaiful 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemosystematic of 14 strains of bacteria in blood cultures from Semarang using 1 reference strain S. typhi NCTC 786, based on the total protein profi les with the similarity relationship analysis based on Simple Matching Coeffi cient (SSM) analysis and algorithm methodof unweighted pair group with averages (UPGMA) presented in a dendrogram. The results showed that thechemosystematic based on the total protein profi les using SDS-PAGE method can classify the member ofbacterial strains of each species. The Clusters respectively consist of 4 strains of S. typhi (similarity: 89.7%),2 strains of Ser. marcescens (similarity: 89.7%), two strains of E. coli, and one strain of Salmonella ssp, S. typhi NCTC 786 (similarity: 100%). Those three incorporated clusters had the similarity value of 75.3%. Those four strains of Ent. cloacae composed in one cluster (similarity: 100%) are incorporated in a cluster consisting of one strain of Kleb. pneumoniae (similarity: 92.9%). Both clusters were incorporated in a cluster consisting of S. typhi NCTC 786 (similarity: 67.9%). Key words: Enterobacteriaceae, chemosystematic, blood cultures, protein profile
Genotyping of Rotavirus by Using RT-PCR Methods
Authors: Nirwati Hera , Wibawa Tri , Aman Abu Tholib , Soenarto Yati 
Published: November 2016

There is a great diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating worldwide, with dominant genotypes changing from year to year. Rotavirus genotyping was performed by using reverse transcription PCR with type-specifi c-primers. Since rotavirus is a RNA virus that has high mutation rate, there was a possibility of technical diffi culty in genotyping due to mutation in the primer binding sites. During Indonesian rotavirus surveillance study 2006-2009, it was reported that 17% of samples subjected for G type and 21% of samplessubjected for P type were untypeable. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes of the samples that were untypeable previously using RT-PCR based on the method described by Das et al. (1994) and Gentsch et al. (1992). There were 30 samples subjected to G type and 61 samples subjected to P type to be re-typed using method described by Gouvea et al. (1990) and Simmond et al. (2008) for G and P typing, respectively. By using another set of primer, the genotype of all samples was identifi ed. This study highlights the importance of a constant reconsideration of primer sequences employed for the molecular typing of rotaviruses. Key words: rotavirus, G typing, P typing
Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21
Authors: Rohmah Rista Nikmatu , Widyasari Soraya , Aulanni’am A. , Fatchiyah F. 
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to construct the hGAD65 gene and to identify the hGAD65 clone by using PCR & RFLP. The samples were derived from normal person & DM patient’s blood. Blood DNA was isolated by salting out method and then amplified by PCR with a pair of specific primer, GAD65-F-BamH1-807 & GAD65-R-Xho1-945. The PCR-product was cloned into vector pET-28a and the pET28a-hGAD65-clone was transformed into E.coli BL21 competent cells. The pET28a-hGAD65-clone was confirmed by PCR and RFLP by BamH1 & XhoI. The PCR product of pET28a-hGAD65-clone was one band of 159bp and has two bands 5.3 kb and 159 bp by RFLPwith both restriction enzymes. The GAD65 protein is expressed in 65kD of pET28a-hGAD65-clone. PET28a-hGAD65-clone was able to recognize by gold standard monoclonal antibody specifically. These results indicated that the hGAD65 gene inserted into pET28a properly and provided the GAD65 protein expression. Key words: hGAD65, PCR, pET-28a, RFLP
The Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) to Determine Genetic Diversity of Madura Cattle in Sapudi Island
Authors: Hartatik Tety , Volkandari Slamet Diah , Sumadi S. , Widodo W. 
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity of Madura cattle using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene. Samples used for the experiments were blood of 43 cattle that consist of 15 cattle obtained from Madura Island, 23 cattle from Sapudi Island, and 5 Limousin-Madura (Limura) cattle. A fragment of 464 base pair of cytb gene was amplifi ed by forward primer L14735 and reverse primer H15149. The PCR product was digested with TaqIand HinfI restriction enzymes to identify genetic patterns. Data of PCR-RFLP showed two haplotypes, that were A and B, in cattle obtained from both Madura Island and Sapudi Island. The frequencies of haplotype A and B of cattle from Sapudi Island were 69.57% and 30.47%, respectively. More diverse frequencies were observed in cattle obtained from Madura Island, where haplotype A and B were 86.67% and 13.33%, respectively. In this experiment, Limura cattle had only haplotype A. As a conclusion, PCR-RFLP of the cytb gene had been able to determine a genetic diversity of Madura cattle. Key words: Genetic diversity, Madura cattle, haplotype.
Characterization of Streptomyces spp. Producing Indole-3-acetic acid as Biostimulant Agent
Authors: De Fretes Charlie Ester , Sembiring Langkah , Purwestri Yekti Asih 
Published: November 2016

Twenty six isolates of Streptomyces spp. obtained from Cyperus rotundus L. rhizosphere were tested forability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in yeast malt extract (YM) medium containing 2 mg/mL tryptophan.Screening of the isolates for ability to produce IAA was carried out by adding Salkowski reagent in bacteriaculture and was measured quantitatively by spectrophotometer at λ 530 nm. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)method was used to determine IAA. To ensure the IAA production in Streptomyces isolates, gene involved inIAA biosynthesis was detected by amplifying Tryptophan Monooxigenase (iaaM) gene. The study of the effectof tryptophan on the production of IAA was measured at different concentrations of tryptophan (0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5 mg/mL) in the bacterial culture. The result showed that there were two Streptomyces spp. isolates whichcould produce IAA, namely the isolates of Streptomyces sp. MS1 (125.48 μg/mL) and Streptomyces sp. BR27(104.13 μg/mL). The TLC result showed that the compound in both isolates was identifi ed to be IAA. Theamplifi cation results showed that iaaM gene was detected in both isolates. This results indicated that the IAMpathway is predicted involved in the biosynthesis of IAA in the selected isolates. Both of the isolates were ableto produce IAA after 24 h incubation and the highest production was at 120 h incubation with the concentrationof tryptophan was 2 mg/mL dan 1 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that Streptomyces spp.isolates are able to produce IAA and potentially to be utilized as biostimulat agent. Keywords: Streptomyces spp., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), Tryptophan Monooxigenasegene (iaaM)