bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Suffering from a Buddhist Perspective: A Reinterpretation of the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path
Authors: Valle-Lira María del Carmen , Noguera-Solano Ricardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe suffering of non-human animals has been debated for a long time, given the challenge of understanding the subjectivities of other beings. A general Buddhist perspective allows us to have a new frame of reference to this phenomenon that is not only theoretical, but also provides us with practical guidelines. This paper is an essay on animal suffering that proposes a general Buddhist perspective with an ethical emphasis. It addresses the issue through a reinterpretation of the Four Noble Truths formulation and the Noble Eightfold Path using them as frameworks to reflect on human actions and their consequences for other animals.
Effect of potassium supply and plant density on maize (Zea mays L.) yields and nutrient contents: a case study in a Hungarian long-term field trial set up on calcareous chernozem soil
Authors: Csathó Péter , Szabó Anita , Pokovai Klára , Árendás Tamás 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effect of potassium supply and plant density on maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated in terms of the leaf weight in the flowering stage, grain yield components, grain and stalk yield and their potassium, calcium and magnesium contents, in a field trial set up in Nagyhörcsök, Hungary, on a calcareous chernozem soil with poor to moderate potassium supplies. Different potassium supply levels were achieved by the initial build-up application of 0-240-480-960-1440 kg K2O ha−1 in autumn 1989. Adequate nitrogen and phosphorus supplies were provided by yearly NP fertilization. The year studied was favourable for maize growth and development. The maize hybrid Pioneer SC 3732 (FAO 450) was sown at plant densities of 24-48-72-96 thousand plants ha−1. The plant density had a more pronounced effect on grain yield than the different K supplies. Stalk yields showed trends similar to those for grain yields, but plant density had the opposite effect on the leaf weight (g 20 leaves−1) in the flowering stage. K fertilization increased the K content to the greatest extent in the vegetative parts (leaf and stalk), while increasing plant density had a reverse effect. The K-Ca-Mg antagonism was also the most pronounced in the vegetative parts, i.e. maize leaves in the flowering stage. According to the results obtained in the field trial, it seems that a century ago, in our grandparents’ time, food contained more minerals than nowadays, due to the fact that plant density decreases grain mineral composition more than mineral fertilization can increase it.
Mitochondrial DNA reveals the impact of Pleistocene glaciations on a widespread palearctic bat species
Authors: Gojznikar Jan , Mayer Frieder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToday’s biodiversity was strongly impacted by glacial cycles during the Pleistocene. They generated species diversity and population structuring, which can easily remain undetected, if populations differentiation is not accompanied by divergence in external morphological traits. This phenomenon, described as cryptic diversity, has been intensively researched in bats, which are known to harbour cryptic phylogenetic lineages. Many studies however have a regional focus or suffer from geographical gaps. Widely understudied areas include Central and Western Asia, although they connect the western and eastern Palearctic fauna. These areas are characterized by topographic heterogeneity and therefore high ecosystem diversity. In this study we investigated the phylogeography of the Savii’s pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii), a bat species assumed to be widely distributed across the Palaearctic. We compiled published sequences from four mitochondrial genes (ND1, CytB, COI and 16 S), added new sequences especially from the Asian part of the distribution range and performed phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. They indicate that H. savii is a taxonomic unit with extensive cryptic diversity, comprising at least four major mitochondrial lineages with allopatric or parapatric distribution ranges. Divergence time dating reveals the impact of Pleistocene glaciations on shaping highly structured populations of a highly mobile mammal across the Palearctic. Our study also revealed several zones of secondary contact among populations where hybridization and gene flow likely occur. This study highlights the necessity for studying biodiversity in Western and Central Asia in order to understand biogeographic patterns, evolutionary processes and conservation needs in the area that connects eastern and western Palearctic faunas.
Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique for sex detection in Cervidae species
Authors: Zorkóczy Orsolya K. , Gyurcsó Adrienn , Ózsvári László , Lehotzky Pál , Sanil Raveendranathanpillai , Zenke Petra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Determining sex in Cervidae species is crucial for wildlife management, conservation, breeding programs, disease surveillance, and forensic investigations. While existing genetic sexing methods have proven effective, they often involve time-consuming and resource-intensive processes. In response to the growing need for a more efficient and cost-effective technique, this study aimed to develop a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for sex detection in various deer species. We designed LAMP primers specific to Cervidae based on sex chromosome-located genes, AmelogeninX, and SRY. Analytical specificity was confirmed using 108 samples from red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer, and species specificity was also tested in other deer and mammal species. Sex determination results were fast (40 min) and accurate (100% reliability). This technique has the advantage of allowing researchers to identify the sex of different deer species using the same method. Using the isothermal amplification properties of LAMP, this new method provides a simple, quick, and accurate tool to help researchers, wildlife managers, and forensic investigators with important sex-related questions in cervid populations.
INTERPRETING MULTIPLE DISPUTE-RESOLUTION CLAUSES IN CROSS-BORDER CONTRACTS
Authors: Arzandeh Ardavan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCross-border contracts often contain a clause which purports to reflect the parties’ intention regarding how disputes arising from their agreement should be resolved. Some such contracts might feature a “jurisdiction clause”, thus signifying the parties’ wish to subject their disputes to litigation before the courts in a specific state. Others may include an “arbitration clause”, meaning that claims arising from the contract should be subjected to an arbitral hearing. More unusual are cases in which the parties have included a jurisdiction and an arbitration clause in the same cross-border contract. This article seeks to assess English law’s approach to determining the parties’ preferred mode of dispute resolution in these more difficult cases. As it seeks to demonstrate, the current practice in this area is not always easy to defend. The article advances an alternative basis for determining which of the two competing clauses should prevail.
Exploring links between socio-ecological systems and psychological distress: a case study in rural Uganda
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Keane Aidan , Kinyanda Eugene , Knizek Birthe Loa , Asiimwe Caroline , Muhanguzi Geoffrey , Milner-Gulland E.J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPoor mental health is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease but there is poor understanding of how it is influenced by people's interactions with ecological systems. In a theory-generating case study we asked how interactions with ecosystems were perceived to influence stressors associated with psychological distress in a rural setting in Uganda. We conducted and thematically analysed 45 semi-structured interviews with residents of Nyabyeya Parish. Poverty and food insecurity were the primary reported causes of ‘thinking too much’ and related idioms suggesting psychological distress. Households bordering a conservation area reported that crop losses from wildlife contributed to food insecurity. However, forest resources represented important safety nets for those facing poverty and food insecurity. Commercial agricultural expansion also emerged as a salient theme in the lives of residents, reportedly exacerbating poverty and food insecurity amongst poorer households but contributing incomes to wealthier ones. Our exploratory study suggests how two globally prevalent land uses, nature conservation and commercial agriculture, may influence social determinants of psychological distress in the study area. We highlight co-benefits and trade-offs between global sustainability goals that could be managed to improve mental health.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of a torque-controlled spatial quadruped robot
Authors: Teixeira de Paula Daniel , Godoy Eduardo Paciencia , Becerra-Vargas Mauricio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEvolution has shown that legged locomotion is most adequate for tasks requiring versatile movement on land, allowing animals to traverse a wide variety of environments ranging from natural terrain to artificial, man-made landscapes with great ease. By employing well-designed control schemes, this ability could be replicated for legged robots, enabling them to be used in critical situations that still pose great danger to human integrity, such as search and rescue missions, inspection of hazardous areas, and even space exploration. This work characterizes the quadruped robot and contact dynamics that will compose our in-house simulator to be used for prototyping locomotion control schemes applied to quadruped robots. The proposed simulator computes the robot dynamics using the Recursive Newton-Euler and Composite-Rigid-Body algorithms with a few modifications to make certain aspects relevant for contact detection and control more easily accessible; furthermore, a compliant contact force method alongside stick-slip friction modeled the contact dynamics. To allow the robot to move, a simple PD-independent joint controller was implemented to track a desired leg trajectory. With the same robot and controller implemented using the MuJoCo simulation software, this work evaluates the proposed simulator by comparing characteristic locomotion signals such as the trunk pose and the ground reaction forces. Results showed similar behavior for both simulators, especially with regard to the contact detection, despite the significantly different contact models. Lastly, final remarks to enhance our simulator’s performance are suggested to be explored in future works.
Catastrophe insurance decision making when the science is uncertain
Authors: Bradley Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInsurers draw on sophisticated models for the probability distributions over losses associated with catastrophic events that are required to price insurance policies. But prevailing pricing methods don’t factor in the ambiguity around model-based projections that derive from the relative paucity of data about extreme events. I argue however that most current theories of decision making under ambiguity only partially support a solution to the challenge that insurance decision makers face and propose an alternative approach that allows for decision making that is responsive to both the evidential situation of the insurance decision maker and their attitude to ambiguity.
Telehealth-delivered recovery-orientated well-being plan group program for bipolar disorder: a pilot randomised feasibility and acceptability study
Authors: Perich Tania , Kakakios Kelly , Fraser Isabel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:Psychological interventions may assist in the management of bipolar disorder, but few studies have assessed the use of group therapy programs using telehealth.Aims:The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a well-being group program for people living with bipolar disorder designed to be delivered via telehealth (Zoom platform) using a randomised controlled pilot design.Method:Participants were randomly assigned to either the 8-week well-being plan treatment condition or the wait-list control condition. They were administered a structured diagnostic instrument to confirm bipolar disorder diagnosis followed by a set of self-report questionnaires relating to mood, quality of life, personal recovery, and stigma.Results:A total of 32 participants (16 treatment; 16 control) were randomised with 12 participants completing the intervention, and 13 the control condition. The program appeared acceptable and feasible (75% retention rate) with a mean attendance being reported of 7.25 sessions attended out of a possible 8 sessions. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction overall with the intervention, with a mean score of 9.18 out of 10.Discussion:Preliminary evidence suggests that delivery of the group program online is feasible and acceptable for participants living with bipolar disorder. As the program was designed to prevent relapse over time, further research is needed to determine if the program may be helpful in improving symptom outcomes over a longer follow-up period.
Pollen morphology reveals genetic diversity between some superior sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes; an opportunity for expanding breeding possibilities
Authors: Momeni Hossein , Bouzari Naser , Zeinalabedini Mehrshad , Ghanbari Jahromi Marzieh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPreservation of the genetic diversity of sour cherry in Iran is imperative for the development of improved cultivars tailored to specific ecological conditions. Addressing gaps in research concerning ecological adaptation, resource management and international collaboration related to sour cherry genetic resources in Iran is essential. Bridging these research lacunae can facilitate the implementation of sustainable cultivation practices, optimize production systems and enhance the global utilization of sour cherry genetic diversity. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of pollen grains from ten native sour cherry genotypes in Iran was conducted over a two-year period using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The examination revealed that all pollen grains were unipolar, radially symmetrical and tricolpate. The length and width of pollen grains varied among genotypes, with lengths ranging from 42.17 to 57.57 μm and widths from 20.28 to 28.13 μm. Furthermore, all genotypes exhibited prolate pollen grains, with differing colpus lengths. Examination of pollen exine revealed striate shapes with varying numbers of ridges, ranging from 18.5 to 8.5 furrows per 50 m2. The horizontal area of pollen grains varied from 333.28 to 1491.69 μm. Polar perspective analysis showed considerable variation in the distance between mesocolpium endpoints. Sour cherry displays significant genetic diversity in Iran, and the application of SEM has proven instrumental in characterizing this diversity. This understanding will aid in further breeding research aimed at enhancing sour cherry varieties and their adaptation to specific ecological conditions.
Metals, Volatiles, and Lithostratigraphy of Brothers Submarine Volcano
Authors: Georgatou Ariadni A. , de Ronde Cornel E. J. , Kouzmanov Kalin , Charlier Bruce L. A. , Adams David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRelatively fresh volcanic rocks have been sampled by a remotely operated vehicle in situ from the NE caldera wall of Brothers submarine volcano, associated with Seafloor Massive Sulfide‐SMS deposits. Here, we present the first complete stratigraphic column of the NE caldera wall, comprising at least 12 massive dacitic lava flows, up to 80 m‐thick intercalated with multiple volcaniclastic layers associated with tuffaceous sediment layers. Detailed petrographic and geochemical analyses from hand specimen to crystal to silicate melt scale show chemical variability with depth, correlating partly with an increase in pervasive alteration due to volatile degassing. Moreover, while sulfide saturation occurred prior to volatile exsolution—which sequestrated most chalcophile elements as confirmed by the low metal contents of melt inclusions (e.g., Cu ≤ 1.3 μg/g and Au ≤ 7.0 μg/g)—silicate glass records a Cu enrichment and Au loss with differentiation, with interstitial glass accounting for Cu = 4.2 μg/g and Au = 6.6 μg/g and matrix glass for Cu = 6.0 μg/g and Au = 2.8 μg/g, respectively. Our findings suggest multiple sources for metals compensating for the low initial metal contents: (a) from hydrothermal fluids and volatile percolation ensuing interaction with the host rock and thus also replacement and/or dissolution of pre‐existing magmatic sulfides, (b) directly from the magma, consistent with metal release during magma degassing of metal‐ and Cl‐, and S‐ rich volatiles, and (c) from fluid circulation within unusually metal‐rich andesitic volcaniclastic layers (Cu = 40 μg/g, Au = 1.5 ng/g, and Pt = 0.99 ng/g). Our results elucidate the capacity of such hybrid mineralizing submarine volcanic systems to effectively scavenge, transport, and concentrate metals.
Contrasting Chlorine Chemistry on Volcanic and Wildfire Aerosols in the Southern Mid‐Latitude Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Wang Peidong , Solomon Susan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVolcanic eruptions and wildfires can impact stratospheric chemistry. We apply tracer‐tracer correlations to satellite data from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment—Fourier Transform Spectrometer and the Halogen Occultation Experiment at 68 hPa to consistently compare the chemical impact on HCl after multiple wildfires and volcanic eruptions of different magnitudes. The 2020 Australian New Year (ANY) fire displayed an order of magnitude less stratospheric aerosol extinction than the 1991 Pinatubo eruption, but showed similar large changes in mid‐latitude lower stratosphere HCl. While the mid‐latitude aerosol loadings from the 2015 Calbuco and 2022 Hunga volcanic eruptions were similar to the ANY fire, little impact on HCl occurred. The 2009 Australian Black Saturday fire and 2021 smoke remaining from 2020 yield small HCl changes, at the edge of the detection method. These observed contrasts across events highlight greater reactivity for smoke versus volcanic aerosols at warm temperatures.
Rift Zone Architecture and Inflation‐Driven Seismicity of Mauna Loa Volcano
Authors: Wilding John D. , Ross Zachary E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 2022 eruption at Mauna Loa, Hawai'i, marked the first extrusive activity from the volcano after 38 years of quiescence. The eruption was preceded by several years of seismic unrest in the vicinity of the volcano's summit. Characterizing the structure and dynamics of seismogenic features within Mauna Loa during this pre‐eruptive interval may provide insights into how pre‐ and co‐eruptive processes manifest seismically at the volcano. In particular, the extent to which seismicity may be used to forecast the location and timing of future eruptions is unclear. To address these questions, we construct a catalog of relocated seismicity on Mauna Loa spanning 2011–2023. Our earthquake locations image complex, sub‐kilometer‐scale seismogenic structures in the caldera and southwest rift zone. We additionally identify a set of streaks of seismicity in the volcano's northwest flank that are radially oriented about the summit. Using a rate‐and‐state friction model for earthquake occurrences, we demonstrate that the seismicity rate in this region can be modeled as a function of the stressing history caused by magma accumulation beneath the summit. Finally, we observe a mid‐2019 step change in the seismicity rate in the Ka'oiki region that may have altered the stress state of the northeast rift zone in the three years before the eruption. Our observations provide a framework for interpreting future seismic unrest at Mauna Loa.
The non-canonical BAF chromatin remodeling complex is a novel target of spliceosome dysregulation in SF3B1-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hägerstrand Daniel , Oder Blaž , Cortese Diego , Qu Ying , Binzer-Panchal Amrei , Österholm Cecilia , Del Peso Santos Teresa , Rabbani Leily , Asl Hassan Foroughi , Skaftason Aron , Ljungström Viktor , Lundholm August , Koutroumani Maria , Haider Zahra , Jylhä Cecilia , Mollstedt John , Mansouri Larry , Plevova Karla , Agathangelidis Andreas , Scarfò Lydia , Armand Marine , Muggen Alice F. , Kay Neil E. , Shanafelt Tait , Rossi Davide , Orre Lukas M. , Pospisilova Sarka , Barylyuk Konstantin , Davi Frederic , Vesterlund Mattias , Langerak Anton W. , Lehtiö Janne , Ghia Paolo , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Sutton Lesley-Ann , Rosenquist Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSF3B1 mutations are recurrent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), particularly enriched in clinically aggressive stereotyped subset #2. To investigate their impact, we conducted RNA-sequencing of 18 SF3B1MUT and 17 SF3B1WT subset #2 cases and identified 80 significant alternative splicing events (ASEs). Notable ASEs concerned exon inclusion in the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) chromatin remodeling complex subunit, BRD9, and splice variants in eight additional ncBAF complex interactors. Long-read RNA-sequencing confirmed the presence of splice variants, and extended analysis of 139 CLL cases corroborated their association with SF3B1 mutations. Overexpression of SF3B1K700E induced exon inclusion in BRD9, resulting in a novel splice isoform with an alternative C-terminus. Protein interactome analysis of the BRD9 splice isoform revealed augmented ncBAF complex interaction, while exhibiting decreased binding of auxiliary proteins, including SPEN, BRCA2, and CHD9. Additionally, integrative multi-omics analysis identified a ncBAF complex-bound gene quartet on chromosome 1 with higher expression levels and more accessible chromatin in SF3B1MUT CLL. Finally, Cancer Dependency Map analysis and BRD9 inhibition displayed BRD9 dependency and sensitivity in cell lines and primary CLL cells. In conclusion, spliceosome dysregulation caused by SF3B1 mutations leads to multiple ASEs and an altered ncBAF complex interactome, highlighting a novel pathobiological mechanism in SF3B1MUT CLL.
Deep learning as a highly efficient tool for digital signal processing design
Authors: Pryamikov Andrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe backpropagation algorithm, the most widely used algorithm for training artificial neural networks, can be effectively applied to the development of digital signal processing schemes in the optical fiber transmission systems. Digital signal processing as a deep learning framework can lead to a new highly efficient paradigm for cost-effective digital signal processing designes with low complexity.
Control of bacterial cell wall autolysins by peptidoglycan crosslinking mode
Authors: Alvarez Laura , Hernandez Sara B. , Torrens Gabriel , Weaver Anna I. , Dörr Tobias , Cava Felipe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo withstand their internal turgor pressure and external threats, most bacteria have a protective peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. The growth of this PG polymer relies on autolysins, enzymes that create space within the structure. Despite extensive research, the regulatory mechanisms governing these PG-degrading enzymes remain poorly understood. Here, we unveil a novel and widespread control mechanism of lytic transglycosylases (LTs), a type of autolysin responsible for breaking down PG glycan chains. Specifically, we show that LD-crosslinks within the PG sacculus act as an inhibitor of LT activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that this regulation controls the release of immunogenic PG fragments and provides resistance against predatory LTs of both bacterial and viral origin. Our findings address a critical gap in understanding the physiological role of the LD-crosslinking mode in PG homeostasis, highlighting how bacteria can enhance their resilience against environmental threats, including phage attacks, through a single structural PG modification.