bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annexin A2, an essential partner of the exocytotic process in chromaffin cells
Authors: Gabel Marion , Chasserot‐Golaz Sylvette 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnnexin A2 is a calcium‐, actin‐, and lipid‐binding protein implicated in exocytosis in different cell types, such as neuroendocrine cells. In chromaffin cells, cytosolic annexin A2 is recruited to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation. Here, we review the latest evidence detailing the functional importance of annexin A2 in different stages of exocytosis. These include the recruitment of annexin A2 to the plasma membrane near soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complexes, the role of annexin A2 in the formation of lipid domains at exocytotic sites, and finally the annexin A2 bundling of actin microfilaments associated with chromaffin granules. These structures induce first the coalescence of lipid domains required for the formation of the exocytotic site, and in the second time, exert mechanical force on the granule to favor fusion pore expansion and squeeze the granule to facilitate catecholamine release.
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Annexin A2 is a calcium‐, actin‐, and lipid‐binding protein implicated in exocytosis in different cell types, including neuroendocrine cells. Upon cell stimulation, annexin A2 translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells and bundles actin filaments associated with chromaffin granules. This promotes the formation of lipid domains required for granule docking, and facilitates catecholamine release by compressing the granule.This article is part of a mini review series on Chromaffin cells (ISCCB Meeting, 2015).
Inhibition of Leptin–ObR Interaction Does not Prevent Leptin Translocation Across a Human Blood–Brain Barrier Model
Authors: Gonzalez‐Carter D. , Goode A. E. , Fiammengo R. , Dunlop I. E. , Dexter D. T. , Porter A. E. 
Published: April 2016

The adipocyte‐derived hormone leptin regulates appetite and energy homeostasis through the activation of leptin receptors (ObR) on hypothalamic neurones; hence, leptin must be transported through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach its target sites in the central nervous system. During obesity, however, leptin BBB transport is decreased, in part precluding leptin as a viable clinical therapy against obesity. Although the short isoform of the ObR (ObRa) has been implicated in the transport of leptin across the BBB as a result of its elevated expression in cerebral microvessels, accumulating evidence indicates that leptin BBB transport is independent of ObRa. In the present study, we employed an ObR‐neutralising antibody (9F8) to directly examine the involvement of endothelial ObR in leptin transport across an in vitro human BBB model composed of the human endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Our results indicate that, although leptin transport across the endothelial monolayer was nonparacellular, and energy‐ and endocytosis‐dependent, it was not inhibited by pre‐treatment with 9F8, despite the ability of the latter to recognise hCMEC/D3‐expressed ObR, prevent leptin–ObR binding and inhibit leptin‐induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT‐3) phosphorylation in hCMEC/D3 cells. Furthermore, hCMEC/D3 cells expressed the transporter protein low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐2 (LRP‐2), which is capable of binding and endocytosing leptin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that leptin binding to and signalling through ObR is not required for efficient transport across human endothelial monolayers, indicating that ObR is not the primary leptin transporter at the human BBB, a role which may fall upon LRP‐2. A deeper understanding of leptin BBB transport will help clarify the exact causes for leptin resistance seen in obesity and aid in the development of more efficient BBB‐penetrating leptin analogues.
Sensory stimulation for persons with dementia: a review of the literature
Authors: Strøm Benedicte S , Ytrehus Siri , Grov Ellen‐Karine 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesTo provide an overview of available sensory stimulation interventions, and their effect on persons with dementia and to present theoretical and methodological characteristics of the studies included.BackgroundDifferent sensory stimulation interventions are used for persons with dementia to increase alertness, reduce agitation and improve quality of life. However, the effect of these interventions is not clear, neither are their characteristics.DesignA systematic search and review of the literature with description of the content and an evaluation of theoretical and methodological approaches.MethodsSystematic searches in CINAHL, PubMed (Medline), The Cochrane library and PsycINFO. Studies included have been subject to quality assessment by means of Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.ResultsFifty‐five studies were included and thirty of these documented significant effect. The effect of the sensory stimulation interventions mainly reported on negative behaviours, except from five studies assessing quality of life and well‐being. The majority of the studies had methodological limitations. The different sensory stimulation interventions were organised into eight categories: music, light therapy, acupressure/reflexology, massage/aromatherapy and doll therapy/pet therapy/toy therapy, the Sonas programme and Snoezelen.ConclusionsMore studies are needed to clarify appropriate substantial background for the specific interventions. However, most of the studies based their interventions on a theoretical foundation. Furthermore, more research is needed to measure the effect of sensory stimulation on communication as well as quality of life. In addition, studies are to focus on whether the effect depends on the stage of dementia.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are to be aware of sensory stimulation as a possible intervention to improve persons' quality of life.
Reliability Analysis of Lithium Disilicate Crowns: Effectof Veneering and Milling Production Workflow
Authors: Cardelli Paolo , Serafini Nicola , Sinjari Bruna , Murmura Giovanna , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the reliability of lithium disilicate crowns produced using either CAD/CAM milling or thermopress workflow, for monolithic or veneered framework design for crowns.Materials and MethodsLithium disilicate crowns (N = 40) were produced using one of four different workflows, namely (a) MTP: monolithic thermopressed crowns, (b) MCM: monolithic CAD/CAM milled, (c) VTP: thermopressed frameworks veneered, or (d) VCM: CAD/CAM milled crowns veneered. The specimens were adhesively luted to resin composite abutments and then tested until fracture in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Failure types were classified and further evaluated under stereomicroscope and SEM. The data (N) were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA. Weibull distribution values including the Weibull modulus (m), characteristic strength (0), and probability of failure at 5% (0.05) were calculated.ResultsFabrication method did not significantly influence the mean fracture strength (N) of lithium disilicate crowns (MTP: 3626 ± 283; MCM: 3719 ± 483; VTP: 3754 ± 485; VCM: 3302 ± 604) (p = 0.154). Weibull distribution presented lower shape value (m) of VCM (m = 5.81) followed by VTP (m = 8.83), MCM (m = 8.84) compared to MTP (m = 12.9). Type V failures (severe fracture of the crown and/or tooth) were experienced explicitly in all groups. The monolithic specimens showed a homogeneous structure without porosities. Wake hackles were observed at the fracture surface, with a radial path directed to the cervical area. The veneered crowns presented twist and wake hackles propagated perpendicularly from the cement‐ceramic interface.ConclusionMonolithic or veneered lithium disilicate crowns presented similar fracture strength when frameworks or entire crowns were milled or thermopressed but distribution with Weibull characteristics was more favorable for monolithic pressed crowns and the least reliable for the milled and veneered crowns.Clinical SignificanceLithium disilicate ceramic crowns could be produced either by thermopressing or CAD/CAM milling workflow without sacrificing their reliability.
Retention Load of Telescopic Crowns with Different Taper Angles between Cobalt‐Chromium and Polyetheretherketone Made with Three Different Manufacturing Processes Examined by Pull‐Off Test
Authors: Wagner Christina , Stock Veronika , Merk Susanne , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Roos Malgorzata , Eichberger Marlis , Stawarczyk Bogna 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the retention loads of differently fabricated secondary telescopic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns on cobalt‐chromium primary crowns with different tapers.Materials and MethodsCobalt‐chromium primary crowns with 0°, 1°, and 2° tapers were constructed, milled, and sintered. Corresponding secondary crowns were fabricated by milling, pressing from pellets, and pressing from granules. For these nine test groups, the pull‐off tests of each crown combination were performed 20 times, and the retention loads were measured (Zwick 1445, 50 mm/min). Data were analyzed using linear regression, covariance analysis, mixed models, Kruskal‐Wallis, and Mann‐Whitney U‐test, together with the Benferroni‐Holm correction.ResultsThe mixed models covariance analysis reinforced stable retention load values (p = 0.162) for each single test sequence. There was no interaction between the groups and the separation cycles (p = 0.179). Milled secondary crowns with 0° showed the lowest mean retention load values compared to all tested groups (p = 0.003) followed by those pressed form pellets with 1°. Regarding the different tapers, no effect of manufacturing method on the results was observed within 1° and 2° groups (p = 0.540; p = 0.052); however, among the 0° groups, the milled ones showed significantly the lowest retention load values (p = 0.002). Among the manufacturing methods, both pressed groups showed no impact of taper on the retention load values (p > 0.324 and p > 0.123, respectively), whereas among the milled secondary crowns, the 0° taper showed significantly lower retention load values than the 1° and 2° taper (p < 0.002).ConclusionBased on these results, telescopic crowns made of PEEK seem to show stable retention load values for each test sequence; however, data with thermo‐mechanical aging are still required. In addition, further developments in CAD/CAM manufacturing of PEEK materials for telescopic crowns are warranted, especially for 0°.
Can Trade Be Good for the Environment?
Authors: LAPAN HARVEY E. , SIKDAR SHIVA 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe analyze the impact of trade in a differentiated good on environmental policy when there is local and transboundary pollution. In autarky, the (equivalent) pollution tax is set equal to the marginal damage from own emissions. If the strategic policy instrument is a tax, leakage occurs under trade and tends tolowerthe tax. The net terms of trade effect, due to the exportable and importable varieties of the differentiated good, tends toincreasethe tax. We derive conditions under which pollution taxes under trade are higher than the marginal damage from own emissions, i.e.,higherthan the Pigouvian tax and than that under autarky. Then, pollutionfallsunder trade relative to autarky. When countries use quotas/permits to regulate pollution, there isnoleakage, while the net terms of trade effect tends to make pollution policystricter. The equivalent tax is always higher than the marginal damage from own emissions, i.e.,always higherthan the Pigouvian tax and than that under autarky; hence, pollutionalwaysfalls under trade. Our analysis provides some insight into the findings in the empirical literature that trade might be good for the environment.
Private Information in the BBV Model of Public Goods
Authors: BARBIERI STEFANO , MALUEG DAVID A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo analyze the private provision of a public good in the presence of private information, we explore the connections between two frameworks: the binary public good model with threshold uncertainty and the standard continuous model à la Bergstrom et al. Linearity of best responses in others' contributions is key to matching the two frameworks. We identify all utility functions that display this linearity, and we provide conditions ensuring that the minimal properties that Bergstrom et al. require for utilities are satisfied. Using techniques developed in the threshold uncertainty framework, we show existence and uniqueness of the Bayes‐Nash equilibrium—thus generalizing existing results—and we analyze its comparative statics properties. In particular, under the reasonable assumption that agents' income is stochastic and private information, we complement the full‐information crowding‐out and redistribution results of Bergstrom et al. If the government taxes agents' income proportionally and redistributes (expected) revenues lump sum, equilibrium public good provision can increase or decrease, even if the set of contributors is unchanged. Similarly, we show that crowding‐out can be one‐for‐one, less than one‐for‐one, or more than one‐for‐one. Finally, we extend our results to a multidimensional framework in which agents' unit costs of contributions are also private information.
State policy environment and the dental safety net: a case study of professional practice environments’ effect on dental service availability in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Maxey Hannah L. , Norwood Connor W. , Liu Ziyue 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether and to what extent the state policy environment for the dental hygiene workforce affects the availability of dental services at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).MethodsWe examined data drawn from the Uniform Data System on 1,135 unique FQHC grantees receiving community health center funding from the U.S. Health Center program between 2004 and 2012. The Dental Hygiene Professional Practice Index was used to quantify variations in state policy environment. We then examined the influence of state policy environment on the availability of dental care through generalized linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsApproximately 80% of FQHCs reported delivering dental services. We consistently observed that FQHCs with favorable levels of state support had the highest proportion of FQHCs that delivered dental services, even more so than FQHCs with extremely high support. FQHCs located in the most restrictive states had 0.28 the odds of delivering dental services as did those located in the most supportive states.ConclusionsThe state policy environment for the dental hygiene workforce is likely associated with the availability of dental services at FQHCs. The greatest proportion of FQHCs delivering dental services was found in states with policy provisions supporting professional independence in public health settings. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to understand the specific mechanism by which these policies affect FQHCs.
Molecular phylogeny of Zeacarpa (Ralfsiales, Phaeophyceae) proposing a new family Zeacarpaceae and its transfer to Nemodermatales
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Hanyuda Takeaki , Bolton John , Anderson Robert 
Published: April 2016

Zeacarpa leiomorpha is a crustose brown alga endemic to South Africa. The species has been tentatively placed in Ralfsiaceae, but its ordinal assignment has been uncertain. The molecular phylogeny of brown algae based on concatenated DNA sequences of seven chloroplast and mitochondrial gene sequences (atpB, psaA, psaB, psbA, psbC, rbcL, and cox1) of taxa covering most of the orders revealed the most related phylogenetic relationship of Z. leiomorpha to Nemoderma tingitanum (Nemodermatales) rather than Ralfsiaceae (Ralfsiales). Morphologically, Zeacarpa and Nemoderma share crustose thallus structure and multiple discoidal chloroplasts without pyrenoids in each cell, however, the formation of lateral unilocular zoidangia in tufts in loose upright filaments in Zeacarpa is distinctive in brown algae. Considering the relatively distant genetic divergence between the two taxa, comparable to that among families or orders in representative brown algae, in addition to the above‐mentioned unique morphological features, we propose the classification of Zeacarpa in a new family Zeacarpaceae in the order Nemodermatales.
Antimicrobial efficiency of mouthrinses versus and in combination with different photodynamic therapies on periodontal pathogens in an experimental study
Authors: Decker E.‐M. , Bartha V. , Kopunic A. , von Ohle C. 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectiveIn the therapy of destructive periodontal disease, chemical antimicrobial agents and increasingly photodynamic therapy (PDT) play an important adjunctive role to standard mechanical anti‐infective treatment procedures. However, both antiseptic methods have their shortcomings in terms of eliminating periodontal pathogens. The aim of the study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of different antiseptic mouthrinses, of a conventional and a new, modified PDTplus as well as of the different antiseptic mouthrinses combined with either the conventional or the modified PDTplus against periopathogens.Material and MethodsSix representative periodontitis‐associated bacterial strains were grown for 24 h under anaerobic conditions. After mixing the individual cell pellets they were exposed to 10 different antiseptic mouthrinse formulations: chlorhexidine (0.2%, 0.06%, CHX); CHX + cetylpyridinium chloride (each 0.05%); sodium hypochlorite (0.05%); polyhexanide (0.04%, PHMB1; 0.1%, PHMB2); octenidine dihydrochloride (0.1%); fluoride (250 ppm); essential oils; povidone iodine (10%); and saline (0.9%, NaCl) as control. Furthermore, the bacteria were treated with conventional PDT based on light‐emitting diodes and a new modified photodisinfection combining photosensitizer with hydrogen peroxide to PDTplus also based on light‐emitting diodes. In addition to the single treatments, a combined application of antiseptic exposure followed by use of PDT or PDTplus was performed. The microbial viability was characterized by analyzing colony growth and fluorescence‐based vitality proportions.ResultsNearly all mouthrinses caused a statistically significant growth inhibition. The most effective antiseptics, CHX (0.2%), CHX/cetylpyridinium chloride and octenidine dihydrochloride, inhibited bacterial growth completely. Conventional PDT resulted in moderate reduction of colony growth. The modified PDTplus achieved maximum antimicrobial effect. The combination of antiseptic exposure and PDT against periopathogens predominantly increased antibacterial efficacy compared to the single applications. The mouthrinse containing essential oil seemed to interfere with PDT.ConclusionA combination therapy of preceding chemotherapeutical exposure and subsequent photodisinfection may be a more effective and promising antibacterial treatment than single applications of the antiseptic methods. The modified PDTplus using oxygen‐enriched toluidine showed a superior antibacterial effect on periodontal pathogens to conventional PDT and to the majority of the investigated mouthrinses.
Biochemical and histopathologic analysis of the effects of periodontitis on left ventricular heart tissues of rats
Authors: Köse O. , Arabacı T. , Gedikli S. , Eminoglu D. Ö. , Kermen E. , Kızıldağ A. , Kara A. , Ozkanlar S. , Yemenoglu H. 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectiveCurrent epidemiological works have suggested that chronic infections, such as periodontitis, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertrophy and heart failure. However, mechanisms behind the association are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodontitis on the serum lipid levels, inflammatory marker levels and left ventricular heart muscle tissues of rats.Material and MethodsEighteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (without ligature) and experimental periodontitis (EP; ligatured). Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures (3.0 silk) at a submarginal position of the lower first molar teeth for 5 wk. Serum samples were collected for biochemical studies (C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α and serum lipids), after which the rats were killed and heart tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and immunological studies (nuclear factor kappa B and β‐myosin heavy chain).ResultsSignificant increases in C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐1β levels and no statistically significant increase in tumor necrosis factor‐α level were observed in the EP group compared to the control group. In addition, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the EP group. Stereological and immunological findings showed that the number of nuclear factor kappa B‐p65‐ and β‐myosin heavy chain‐positive cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the left ventricular tissue samples of the rats with periodontitis.ConclusionEarly chronic phase effects of periodontitis on heart tissue are in the form of degenerative and hypotrophic changes. Prolonging the exposure to systemic inflammatory stress may increase the risk of occurrence of hypertrophic changes.