bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of single and shared rooms on family‐centred care in children's hospitals
Authors: Curtis Penny , Northcott Andy 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore whether and how spatial aspects of children's hospital wards (single and shared rooms) impact upon family‐centred care.BackgroundFamily‐centred care has been widely adopted in paediatric hospitals internationally. Recent hospital building programmes in many countries have prioritised the provision of single rooms over shared rooms. Limited attention has, however, been paid to the potential impact of spatial aspects of paediatric wards on family‐centred care.DesignQualitative, ethnographic.MethodsPhase 1; observation within four wards of a specialist children's hospital. Phase 2; interviews with 17 children aged 5–16 years and 60 parents/carers. Sixty nursing and support staff also took part in interviews and focus group discussions. All data were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the data analysis: ‘role expectations’ and ‘family–nurse interactions’. The latter theme comprised three subthemes: ‘family support needs’, ‘monitoring children's well‐being’ and ‘survey–assess–interact within spatial contexts’.ConclusionSpatial configurations within hospital wards significantly impacted upon the relationships and interactions between children, parents and nurses, which played out differently in single and shared rooms. Increasing the provision of single rooms within wards is therefore likely to directly affect how family‐centred care manifests in practice.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to be sensitive to the impact of spatial characteristics, and particularly of single and shared rooms, on families’ experiences of children's hospital wards. Nurses’ contribution to and experience of family‐centred care can be expected to change significantly when spatial characteristics of wards change and, as is currently the vogue, hospitals maximise the provision of single rather than shared rooms.
A hermeneutic phenomenological study exploring the experience health practitioners have when working with families to safeguard children and the invisibility of the emotions work involved
Authors: Taylor Jillian , Smith Pam , Taylor Julie 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the emotions work undertaken by practitioners with responsibility for the safeguarding of child well‐being and establish whether there is a relationship between emotion work, role visibility, professional well‐being and effectiveness of supportive frameworks.BackgroundProtecting children is the responsibility of everyone in society with health, social care and public health services leading this worldwide. To safeguard children effectively, it is known that practitioners build relationships with families in sometimes challenging situations, which involve the management of emotions. However, irrespective of this current knowledge; health practitioners who work in this area suggest that their child safeguarding role is not recognised, respected or valued in professional and societal settings. The purpose of this study was to report on a qualitative study which set out to explore the relationship between the known relational‐based emotions work of practitioners' and the reported lack of visibility.MethodsHermeneutic phenomenology underpinned the study. Semistructured interviews were employed for data collection. Ten participants actively working with preschool children and families in healthcare organisations were recruited.ResultsThe emotional‐, relationship‐ and communicative‐based work crucial to effectively safeguard children may influence the visibility of the role. Poor role visibility influences the morale of practitioners and the support they receive.ConclusionIn conclusion this study proposes that when there is poor role recognition; there is ineffective clinical support. This reduces professional well‐being, which in turn will impact practitioner abilities to safeguard children.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights that to sustain safe and effective health and social care practice, organisational leads require an understanding of the impact emotional‐ and relational‐based work can have on practitioners and provide supportive frameworks that will effectively promote professional well‐being.
Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice
Authors: McGarry Julie , Ali Parveen , Hinchliff Sharron 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore qualitative evidence in older women with a history of intimate partner violence and their accounts and experiences of mental health.BackgroundIntimate partner violence significantly impacts the health and well‐being of women who experience it. However, women who experience intimate partner violence do not form a homogenous group and the effect on older women has not been adequately distinguished. While there is a growing body of evidence to address this deficit, studies to date have tended to concentrate on older women's experiences of intimate partner violence in totality and as such mental health issues have been subsumed as a part of the whole.DesignMeta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative evidence.MethodsA systematic search of PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, COCHRANE, Medline and PsycInfo, Sci was completed. The search included articles published up until the end of December 2015.ResultsThe review identified that intimate partner violence exerts a significant impact on the mental health of older women. Intimate partner violence for women in later life is inherently complex, especially where the boundaries of violence and vulnerability have been blurred historically both within the intimate partner violence discourse and through provision and practice.ConclusionsThis study adds to the developing knowledge and understanding of intimate partner violence for older women as a part of the growing body of evidence of the impact of intimate partner violence on the health and well‐being of those who experience abuse more generally. When age and gender intersect with intimate partner violence, there are specific implications and health professionals and service providers need to be aware of these.Relevance to clinical practiceurses and healthcare professionals are professionally accountable for the effective management and support of women who have experienced abuse. It is therefore crucial that they are able to understand and identify the possible complexity of presentations of abuse and this includes older women.
Investigating nurse practitioners in the private sector: a theoretically informed research protocol
Authors: Adams Margaret , Gardner Glenn , Yates Patsy 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo report a study protocol and the theoretical framework normalisation process theory that informs this protocol for a case study investigation of private sector nurse practitioners.BackgroundMost research evaluating nurse practitioner service is focused on public, mainly acute care environments where nurse practitioner service is well established with strong structures for governance and sustainability. Conversely, there is lack of clarity in governance for emerging models in the private sector. In a climate of healthcare reform, nurse practitioner service is extending beyond the familiar public health sector. Further research is required to inform knowledge of the practice, operational framework and governance of new nurse practitioner models.DesignThe proposed research will use a multiple exploratory case study design to examine private sector nurse practitioner service.MethodsData collection includes interviews, surveys and audits. A sequential mixed method approach to analysis of each case will be conducted. Findings from within‐case analysis will lead to a meta‐synthesis across all four cases to gain a holistic understanding of the cases under study, private sector nurse practitioner service. Normalisation process theory will be used to guide the research process, specifically coding and analysis of data using theory constructs and the relevant components associated with those constructs.ConclusionsThis article provides a blueprint for the research and describes a theoretical framework, normalisation process theory in terms of its flexibility as an analytical framework.Relevance to clinical practiceConsistent with the goals of best research practice, this study protocol will inform the research community in the field of primary health care about emerging research in this field. Publishing a study protocol ensures researcher fidelity to the analysis plan and supports research collaboration across teams.
The Use of CAD/CAM Technology for Fabricating Cast Gold Survey Crowns under Existing Partial Removable Dental Prosthesis. A Clinical Report
Authors: El Kerdani Tarek , Roushdy Sally 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe fabrication of a survey crown under an existing partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) has always been a challenge to many dental practitioners. This clinical report presents a technique for fabricating accurate cast gold survey crowns to fit existing PRDPs using CAD/CAM technology. The report describes a technique that would digitally scan the coronal anatomy of a cast gold survey crown and an abutment tooth under existing PRDPs planned for restoration, prior to any preparation. The information is stored in the digital software where all the coronal anatomical details are preserved without any modifications. The scanned designs are then applied to the scanned teeth preparations, sent to the milling machine and milled into full‐contour clear acrylic resin burn‐out patterns. The acrylic resin patterns are tried in the patient's mouth the same day to verify the full seating of the PRDP components. The patterns are then invested and cast into gold crowns and cemented in the conventional manner.
Melatonin‐induced increase in sensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib is associated with reactive oxygen species production and mitophagy
Authors: Prieto‐Domínguez Néstor , Ordóñez Raquel , Fernández Anna , Méndez‐Blanco Carolina , Baulies Anna , Garcia‐Ruiz Carmen , Fernández‐Checa José C. , Mauriz José L. , González‐Gallego Javier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEffects of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are frequently transient due to tumor‐acquired resistance, a phenotype that could be targeted by other molecules to reduce this adaptive response. Because melatonin is known to exert antitumor effects in HCC cells, this study investigated whether and how melatonin reduces resistance to sorafenib. Susceptibility to sorafenib (10 nmol/L to 50 μmol/L) in the presence of melatonin (1 and 2 mmol/L) was assessed in HCC cell lines HepG2, HuH7, and Hep3B. Cell viability was reduced by sorafenib from 1 μmol/L in HepG2 or HuH7 cells, and 2.5 μmol/L in Hep3B cells. Co‐administration of melatonin and sorafenib exhibited a synergistic cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and HuH7 cells, while Hep3B cells displayed susceptibility to doses of sorafenib that had no effect when administrated alone. Co‐administration of 2.5 μmol/L sorafenib and 1 mmol/L melatonin induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells, increasing PARP hydrolysis and BAX expression. We also observed an early colocalization of mitochondria with lysosomes, correlating with the expression of mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin and a reduction of mitofusin‐2 and mtDNA compared with sorafenib administration alone. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were elicited by drug combination, suggesting their contribution to mitophagy induction. Interestingly, Parkin silencing by siRNA to impair mitophagy significantly reduced cell killing, PARP cleavage, and BAX expression. These results demonstrate that the pro‐oxidant capacity of melatonin and its impact on mitochondria stability and turnover via mitophagy increase sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib.
Can policy ameliorate socioeconomic inequities in obesity and obesity‐related behaviours? A systematic review of the impact of universal policies on adults and children
Authors: Olstad D. L. , Teychenne M. , Minaker L. M. , Taber D. R. , Raine K. D. , Nykiforuk C. I. J. , Ball K. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis systematic review examined the impact of universal policies on socioeconomic inequities in obesity, dietary and physical activity behaviours among adults and children. PRISMA‐Equity guidelines were followed. Database searches spanned from 2004 to August 2015. Eligible studies assessed the impact of universal policies on anthropometric, dietary or physical activity‐related outcomes in adults or children according to socioeconomic position. Thirty‐six studies were included. Policies were classified as agentic, agento‐structural or structural, and their impact on inequities was rated as positive, neutral, negative or mixed according to the dominant associations observed. Most policies had neutral impacts on obesity‐related inequities regardless of whether they were agentic (60% neutral), agento‐structural (68% neutral) or structural (67% neutral). The proportion of positive impacts was similar across policy types (10% agentic, 18% agento‐structural and 11% structural), with some differences for negative impacts (30% agentic, 14% agento‐structural and 22% structural). The majority of associations remained neutral when stratified by participant population, implementation level and socioeconomic position measures and by anthropometric and behavioural outcomes. Fiscal measures had consistently neutral or positive impacts on inequities. Findings suggest an important role for policy in addressing obesity in an equitable manner and strengthen the case for implementing a broad complement of policies spanning the agency‐structure continuum.
Tannerella forsythia GroEL induces inflammatory bone resorption and synergizes with interleukin‐17
Authors: Jung Y.‐J. , Choi Y.‐J. , An S.‐J. , Lee H.‐R. , Jun H.‐K. , Choi B.‐K. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTannerella forsythia is a major periodontal pathogen, and T. forsythia GroEL is a molecular chaperone homologous to human heat‐shock protein 60. Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and several systemic diseases. This study investigated the potential of T. forsythia GroEL to induce inflammatory bone resorption and examined the cooperative effect of IL‐17 and T. forsythia GroEL on inflammatory responses. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were stimulated with T. forsythia GroEL and/or IL‐17. Gene expression of IL‐6, IL‐8, and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and concentrations of IL‐6, IL‐8, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. After stimulation of MG63 cells with T. forsythia GroEL and/or IL‐17, gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was examined. After subcutaneous injection of T. forsythia GroEL and/or IL‐17 above the calvaria of BALB/c mice, calvarial bone resorption was assessed by micro‐computed tomography and histological examination. Tannerella forsythia GroEL induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 production in HGFs and PDL cells, and IL‐17 further promoted IL‐6 and IL‐8 production. Both T. forsythia GroEL and IL‐17 synergistically increased PGE2 production and inhibited OPG gene expression. Calvarial bone resorption was induced by T. forsythia GroEL injection, and simultaneous injection of T. forsythia GroEL and IL‐17 further increased bone resorption. These results suggest that T. forsythia GroEL is a novel virulence factor that can contribute to inflammatory bone resorption caused by T. forsythia and synergizes with IL‐17 to exacerbate inflammation and bone resorption.
How Do Political Factors Shape the Bank Risk–Sovereign Risk Nexus in Emerging Markets?
Authors: Eichler Stefan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the role of political factors for determining the impact of banking sector distress on sovereign bond yield spreads for a sample of 19 emerging market economies in the period 1994–2013. Using interaction models, I find that the adverse impact of banking sector distress on sovereign solvency is less pronounced for countries with a high degree of political stability, a high level of power sharing within the government coalition, a low level of political constraint within the political system, and for countries run by powerful and effective governments. The electoral cycle pronounces the bank risk–sovereign risk transfer.
A Demographic Deficit? Local Population Aging and Access to Services in Rural America, 1990–2010
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Brown David L. , Sanders Scott R. , Glasgow Nina , Kulcsar Laszlo J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPopulation aging is being experienced by many rural communities in the United States, as evidenced by increases in the median age and the high incidence of natural population decrease. The implications of these changes in population structure for the daily lives of the residents in such communities have received little attention. We address this issue in this study by examining the relationship between population aging and the availability of service‐providing establishments in the rural United States between 1990 and 2010. Using data mainly from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we estimate a series of fixed‐effects regression models to identify the relationship between median age and establishment counts net of changes in overall population and other factors. We find a significant but nonlinear relationship between county median age and the total number of service‐providing establishments, and counts of most specific types of services. We find a positive effect of total population size across all of our models. This total population effect is consistent with that found in other research, but the independent effect of age structure that we observe represents a novel finding and suggests that age structure is a salient factor in local rural development and community well‐being.
Distinct beneficial effects of continuous vs accumulated exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in Wistar rats
Authors: Costa‐Pereira L. V. , Melo D. S. , Santos C. S. , Mendes B. F. , Esteves E. A. , Lacerda A. C. R. , de Miranda J. L. , Rocha‐Vieira E. , Gripp F. , Amorim F. T. , Magalhães F. C. , Dias‐Peixoto M. F. 
Published: August 2016

We compared the effects of continuous exercise (CE) vs accumulated exercise (AE) training on CVD risk factors and heart of young male Wistar rats. The exercise training (ET) was performed in a swimming pool for 30–60 min/day, 5 days/week over 15 weeks. CE group performed the ET in a single long daily session (30–60 min), while AE group performed the ET at the same frequency, intensity, and duration of CE rats, but in three short bouts over the course of a day (10–20 min in three daily sessions). AE training was more efficient than CE in attenuating body and fat weight gain and inhibiting visceral adipocyte hypertrophy at the same food intake level. CE training was more efficient in improving systolic blood pressure, LDL/HDL cholesterol, and serum triglyceride. Both ET protocols increased heart function, decreased lipid peroxidation, and increased intracellular Hsp72 content in the heart. This work shows distinct beneficial effects of CE vs AE training suggesting that the prescription of one or other may be preferred to prevent the increase of a specific CVD risk factor.
Brincidofovir clearance of acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus‐1 and adenovirus infection after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Voigt S. , Hofmann J. , Edelmann A. , Sauerbrei A. , Kühl J.‐S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInfections with adenovirus (AdV) and herpesviruses can result in considerable morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivations are usually prevented by acyclovir (ACV) prophylaxis, whereas cidofovir (CDV) has been used off indication to manage AdV infections. We report a child with myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing multiple SCT, who experienced HSV‐1 disease including severe mucositis and herpetic whitlow, as well as high viral load AdV DNAemia. Both ACV and CDV were ineffective; however, viral loads were decreased with brincidofovir, resulting in viral clearance. A subsequent Epstein–Barr virus disease with relevant meningoencephalitis responded to rituximab.
Altered corticospinal function during movement preparation in humans with spinal cord injury
Authors: Federico Paolo , Perez Monica A. 
Published: August 2016

Key points
In uninjured humans, transmission in the corticospinal pathway changes in a task‐dependent manner during movement preparation. We investigated whether this ability is preserved in humans with incomplete chronic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).
Our results show that corticospinal excitability is altered in the preparatory phase of an upcoming movement when there is a need to suppress but not to execute rapid index finger voluntary contractions in individuals with SCI compared with controls. This is probably related to impaired transmission at a cortical and spinal level after SCI.
Overall our findings indicate that deficits in corticospinal transmission in humans with chronic incomplete SCI are also present in the preparatory phase of upcoming movements.
AbstractCorticospinal output is modulated in a task‐dependent manner during the preparatory phase of upcoming movements in humans. Whether this ability is preserved after spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown. In this study, we examined motor evoked potentials elicited by cortical (MEPs) and subcortical (CMEPs) stimulation of corticospinal axons and short‐interval intracortical inhibition in the first dorsal interosseous muscle in the preparatory phase of a reaction time task where individuals with chronic incomplete cervical SCI and age‐matched controls needed to suppress (NOGO) or initiate (GO) ballistic index finger isometric voluntary contractions. Reaction times were prolonged in SCI participants compared with control subjects and stimulation was provided ∼90 ms prior to movement onset in each group. During NOGO trials, both MEPs and CMEPs remained unchanged compared to baseline in SCI participants but were suppressed in control subjects. Notably, during GO trials, MEPs increased to a similar extent in both groups but CMEPs increased only in controls. The magnitude of short‐interval intracortical inhibition increased in controls but not in SCI subjects during NOGO trials and decreased in both groups in GO trials. These novel observations reveal that humans with incomplete cervical SCI have an altered ability to modulate corticospinal excitability during movement preparation when there is a need to suppress but not to execute upcoming rapid finger movements, which is probably related to impaired transmission at a cortical and spinal level. Thus, deficits in corticospinal transmission after human SCI extend to the preparatory phase of upcoming movements.