bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolution or risk?—Assessing the potential and challenges of GPT-4V in radiologic image interpretation
Authors: Huppertz Marc Sebastian , Siepmann Robert , Topp David , Nikoubashman Omid , Yüksel Can , Kuhl Christiane Katharina , Truhn Daniel , Nebelung Sven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
ChatGPT-4 Vision (GPT-4V) is a state-of-the-art multimodal large language model (LLM) that may be queried using images. We aimed to evaluate the tool’s diagnostic performance when autonomously assessing clinical imaging studies.

Materials and methods
A total of 206 imaging studies (i.e., radiography (n = 60), CT (n = 60), MRI (n = 60), and angiography (n = 26)) with unequivocal findings and established reference diagnoses from the radiologic practice of a large university hospital were accessed. Readings were performed uncontextualized, with only the image provided, and contextualized, with additional clinical and demographic information. Responses were assessed along multiple diagnostic dimensions and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results
With its pronounced propensity to favor context over image information, the tool’s diagnostic accuracy improved from 8.3% (uncontextualized) to 29.1% (contextualized, first diagnosis correct) and 63.6% (contextualized, correct diagnosis among differential diagnoses) (p ≤ 0.001, Cochran’s Q test). Diagnostic accuracy declined by up to 30% when 20 images were re-read after 30 and 90 days and seemed unrelated to the tool’s self-reported confidence (Spearman’s ρ = 0.117 (p = 0.776)). While the described imaging findings matched the suggested diagnoses in 92.7%, indicating valid diagnostic reasoning, the tool fabricated 258 imaging findings in 412 responses and misidentified imaging modalities or anatomic regions in 65 images.

Conclusion
GPT-4V, in its current form, cannot reliably interpret radiologic images. Its tendency to disregard the image, fabricate findings, and misidentify details, especially without clinical context, may misguide healthcare providers and put patients at risk.

Key Points

Question

Can Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 Vision (GPT-4V) interpret radiologic images—with and without clinical context?

Findings

GPT-4V performed poorly, demonstrating diagnostic accuracy rates of 8% (uncontextualized), 29% (contextualized, most likely diagnosis correct), and 64% (contextualized, correct diagnosis among differential diagnoses).

Clinical relevance

The utility of commercial multimodal large language models, such as GPT-4V, in radiologic practice is limited. Without clinical context, diagnostic errors and fabricated findings may compromise patient safety and misguide clinical decision-making. These models must be further refined to be beneficial.
The IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT): multicenter pig study on the effect of ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Kleinbongard Petra , Arriola Carlos Galán , Badimon Lina , Crisostomo Veronica , Giricz Zoltán , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Heusch Gerd , Ibanez Borja , Kiss Attila , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Podesser Bruno K. , Carracedo Rafael Ramírez , Rodríguez-Sinovas Antonio , Ruiz-Meana Marisol , Sanchez Margallo Francisco M. , Vilahur Gemma , Zamorano José Luis , Zaragoza Carlos , Ferdinandy Peter , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNumerous cardioprotective interventions have been reported to reduce myocardial infarct size (IS) in pre-clinical studies. However, their translation for the benefit of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been largely disappointing. One reason for the lack of translation is the lack of rigor and reproducibility in pre-clinical studies. To address this, we have established the European IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) pig AMI network with centralized randomization and blinded core laboratory IS analysis and validated the network with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as a positive control. Ten sites in the COST Innovators Grant (IG16225) network participated in the IMPACT network. Three sites were excluded from the final analysis through quality control of infarct images and use of pre-defined exclusion criteria. Using a centrally generated randomization list, pigs were allocated to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R, N = 5/site) or IPC + I/R (N = 5/site). The primary endpoint was IS [% area-at-risk (AAR)], as quantified by triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) staining in a centralized, blinded core laboratory (5 sites), or IS [% left-ventricular mass (LV)], as quantified by a centralized, blinded cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) core laboratory (2 sites). In pooled analyses, IPC significantly reduced IS when compared to I/R (57 ± 14 versus 32 ± 19 [%AAR] N = 25 pigs/group; p < 0.001; 25 ± 13 versus 14 ± 8 [%LV]; N = 10 pigs/group; p = 0.021). In site-specific analyses, in 4 of the 5 sites, IS was significantly reduced by IPC when compared to I/R when quantified by TTC and in 1 of 2 sites when quantified by CMR. A pig AMI multicenter European network with centralized randomization and core blinded IS analysis was established and validated with the aim to improve the reproducibility of cardioprotective interventions in pre-clinical studies and the translation of cardioprotection for patient benefit.
The importance of coding and translation between programming languages in sequential activities of pre-service teachers: an approach
Authors: Berciano Ainhoa , Cuida Astrid , Novo María-Luisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the last two decades, computational thinking has gained wide relevance in international educational systems. The inclusion of this new type of thinking poses educational challenges with some underlying research questions that need to be answered to meet these challenges with quality. Thus, this study focuses on analyzing the difficulties that teachers in initial training experience have, when carrying out translation tasks of programming languages used by certain educational robots, in this case, the Cubetto. For this purpose, a specific learning sequence has been designed to work with different programming languages (Cubetto, Bee-Bot, Scratch) and natural language. The work of early childhood and elementary trainee teachers in these tasks has been analyzed using a descriptive approach. The main results are: (1) some of the difficulties encountered are clearly caused by the Cubetto hardware (regardless of the language to which it is translated) and (2) the designed learning sequence has enabled coding skills to be improved remarkably. We conclude that translation tasks between programming languages are necessary in initial teacher training to improve their ability programming and their computational thinking, and for them to be able to detect the disadvantages and benefits of educational robots in their transposition to the classroom.
Mapping-Based Accounts of Applicability and Converse Applications
Authors: Molinini Daniele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile the problem of the applicability of mathematics in science has been the object of much philosophical discussion, the converse issue of accounting for the successful application of science in mathematics is still in its exploratory stages. In this paper I focus on the latter issue and I discuss it in connection with the mapping view of applied mathematics, which is currently the most influential approach adopted by philosophers to account for the applicability of mathematics in the empirical sciences. More specifically, I address the question of whether the mapping view works for cases of converse applications (i.e., successful applications of the empirical sciences in mathematics). By focusing on some case studies, I argue that the answer to this question is negative and the mapping account of applied mathematics, as it is usually presented in the literature on the applicability of mathematics, does not have the resources to handle the converse applicability issue. To make my point, I will proceed in the following way: first, I will maintain that we can distinguish two types of converse applications, which I name in-argument and in-result converse applications; next, I will assess the mapping account on these types of converse applications and I will point to the reasons why such view cannot accommodate converse applications within its framework.
Incommensurability and population-level bioethics
Authors: Herlitz Anders 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces incommensurability, its potential relevance to population-level bioethics, and thecontributions to the special issue. It provides an overview of recent research on incommensurability, outlines somereasons to believe in its possibility and relevance, and presents some problems and opportunities that arise onceone accepts that incommensurability is possible.
The MAXLab aggression and bystander intervention scenario set (MAXLab_ABISS): A modular scenario set for studying decision making in situations of interpersonal violence in virtual reality
Authors: van Gelder Jean-Louis , Barnum Timothy C. , Herman Shaina , Wozniak Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
This Research Note describes the MAXLab Aggression and Bystander Intervention Scenario Set (MAXLab_ABISS) and provides empirical examples of its applicability. We describe the scenarios, elaborate on the production process, provide technical specifications, and explain how materials can be obtained.

Method
This modular stimulus set, which is currently available in the English, German and Dutch language, includes 360° videos for studying decision-making in interpersonal violence. It offers researchers a complimentary method to collect data on emotions, perceptions, and reactions to violent situations using immersive technology.

Results
Analysis from two samples (n = 101 and n = 55) show the immersive scenarios of the stimulus set are effective at evoking targeted emotional experiences at the moment of a crime decision.

Conclusion
MAXLab_ABISS is a safe and effective tool for studying decision making in real-life, emotion-laden criminogenic settings. We offer insights for how researchers can further use the materials to study decision making related to crime and violence.
The cost of going public and financial constraints
Authors: Pinto Gerard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe provide empirical evidence on the bargaining power model proposed in Hu and Ritter (2007) by examining the financial constraints channel on the direct and indirect cost of going public. We find that financially constrained firms possess lower bargaining power and thereby incur higher direct costs (gross spreads) and higher indirect costs (underpricing) in an IPO. Consistent with the bargaining power model, we find that IPOs of financially constrained firms are usually managed by sole bookrunners and underwritten by smaller syndicates. Finally, we find that these financially constrained IPO firms underperform their non-financially constrained IPO peers in the long term. These results are robust to multiple endogeneity tests.
Influence of Binding Energies on Required Process Conditions in Aerosol Deposition
Authors: Daneshian Bahman , Gärtner Frank , Assadi Hamid , Höche Daniel , Klassen Thomas , Weber Wolfgang E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the high interest in aerosol deposition in order to form high-quality coatings by solid-state impact, there is an increasing demand for developing general guidelines to estimate needed particle velocities and thus process parameter sets for successful deposition of ceramic materials. By using modeling approaches, rather different material properties in first instance can be expressed in terms of binding energies. Needed velocities for possible bonding can then derived by impact simulations and compared to experimental results from the literature. In order to study the role of binding energy on the impact behavior of ceramic particles in aerosol deposition, a molecular dynamics study is presented. Single-particle impacts are simulated for a range of binding energies, particle sizes and impact velocities. The results show that increasing the binding energy from 0.22 to 0.96 eV results in up to three times higher characteristic velocities corresponding to the threshold of bonding or grain size-dependent fragmentation of the particles. However, regardless of the binding energy, exceeding the characteristic velocities results in a similar deformation and fragmentation pattern. This allows for a general representation of the impact behavior as a function of normalized impact velocity for different ceramic materials. Apart from dealing with prerequisites for bonding of different materials by aerosol deposition, this study could also be generally relevant to the high-velocity deformation behavior of ceramics with different grain sizes.
Organic fluorophores in developing latent fingerprints: an up-to-date review
Authors: Jain Rakshitha K. , Sunil Dhanya , Bhagavath Poornima 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFingerprints have been established as legitimate and critical forensic science evidence for identifying criminals beginning as early as the twentieth century. This article details the different types of fingerprints, the broad range of surfaces, and various development techniques available for on-site latent fingerprint collection, with fingerprint fidelity being of prime significance. Fluorescent imaging of latent finger-marks benefits from enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and reduced reliance on instruments. The review focuses on the topical developments reported on small-molecule organic fluorophores which could be used to develop latent prints through powder, solution, and fuming approaches. These inexpensive luminophores extend wide emission profiles that span the visible spectrum to visualize the latent prints with exceptional resolution, free from any interference originating from the background surface. Further, the critical challenges and prospective scope for future research developments to improve the detection of latent fingerprints using small-molecule fluorophores are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
A case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with epidermization showing a unique morphology
Authors: Mizuno Jyunichi , Urabe Yuji , Nakahara Hikaru , Yamashita Ken , Hiyama Yuichi , Takigawa Hidehiko , Ishikawa Akira , Kuwai Toshio , Hinoi Takao , Oka Shiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An 80-year-old woman with a history of endoscopic balloon dilation for esophageal stricture caused by accidental ingestion of caustic soda during infancy presented with dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 10-cm-long, highly white, elevated lesion with a feathered appearance. This lesion was determined to be the cause of dysphagia and was completely resected via endoscopic submucosal dissection. Histopathological examination revealed a thick keratin layer on the surface of the stratified squamous epithelium, with a prominent granular layer underneath and some areas showing nuclear atypia. The lesion was diagnosed as a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, pT1a-LPM, derived from epidermoid metaplasia. Cancer genome analysis revealed mutations in TP53 as well as amplification of MYC, FGFR1, chromosome 7, and chromosome 20q. This case suggests that epidermoid metaplasia caused by chronic irritation from an esophageal stricture may have been exacerbated by the dilation procedure.
Combined strategy of upfront CTCA and optimal treatment for stable chest pain: rationale and design of the CLEAR-CAD trial
Authors: Verpalen Victor A , Coerkamp Casper F , Hinderks Mark J , Meeder Joan G , Winter Michiel M , Arkenbout E Karin , Vis Jeroen C , Habets Jesse , Smulders Martijn W , Mihl Casper , van Ofwegen-Hanekamp Clara E E , van der Spoel Tycho I G , Tanis Wilco , van Gelder Rogier E , van der Wielen Marloes L J , Somsen G Aernout , Kikkert Wouter J , Carati Luc F , el Barzouhi Abdelilah , van Bergen Paul F M M , Dedic Admir , Prokop Mathias , Stallmann Hein P , Beele Xavier D Y , Quarles van Ufford Henriëtte M E , Nijveldt Robin , Dijkgraaf Marcel G W , Damman Peter , Planken R Nils , Henriques José P S ,   CLEAR-CAD investigators
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with stable chest pain suspected of coronary artery disease (CAD) usually undergo multiple diagnostic tests to confirm or rule out obstructive CAD. Some tests may not effectively assess the presence of CAD, precluding optimal treatment. A diagnostic strategy of upfront computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) combined with optimal medical therapy (OMT) tailored to the extent of CAD may be superior to standard care in preventing major adverse cardiac events.

Study design
The CLEAR-CAD trial is a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised, superiority trial of an upfront CTCA-guided strategy in 6444 patients presenting in an outpatient setting with suspected CAD compared with standard care, in approximately 30 participating centres in the Netherlands. The upfront CTCA-guided strategy consists of an initial CTCA which is assessed using the Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS 2.0). In patients without CAD (CAD-RADS 0) no specific cardiac medication is mandated. Patients with non-obstructive CAD (CAD-RADS 1–2) are treated with preventive OMT. Patients with obstructive CAD (CAD-RADS ≥ 3) are treated with preventive and anti-anginal OMT; in the presence of pharmacologically refractory symptoms patients undergo selective revascularisation after non-invasive functional imaging for myocardial ischaemia (≥ 10%). Patients with significant left main or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis on CTCA undergo direct invasive coronary angiography and subsequent revascularisation. The primary endpoint is the composite of all-cause death and myocardial infarction.

Conclusion
The CLEAR-CAD trial is the first randomised study to investigate the efficacy of a combined upfront CTCA-guided medical and selective revascularisation strategy in an outpatient setting with suspected CAD compared with standard care.
Canonical structure constants for simple Lie algebras
Authors: Geck Meinolf , Lang Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
. In the 1950s Chevalley showed that $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
admits particular bases, now called “Chevalley bases”, for which the corresponding structure constants are integers. Such bases are not unique but, using Lusztig’s theory of canonical bases, one can single out a “canonical” Chevalley basis which is unique up to a global sign. In this paper, we give explicit formulae for the structure constants with respect to such a basis.
Catalytic influence of alkali and alkali earth metals in black liquor on the gasification process: a review
Authors: Majoe Nampe , Patel Bilal , Gorimbo Joshua , Beas Isaac 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the pulping process, either alkali or alkali earth metals are added in a cooking solution to turn wood chips into pulp, and these alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEMs) end up in the black liquor. These AAEMs are known to catalyze the gasification process, by lowering the reaction temperature and degrading tar in the syngas. Of the various black liquor valorization methods, gasification is a promising process that can be integrated into existing pulping processes to recover the process energy via syngas utilization. It is, therefore, important to firmly understand how AAEMs in black liquor catalyze the gasification process. This review paper also discusses how black liquor is generated from both the Kraft pulping and the sulfite pulping process. The paper also examines advances that have been made in terms of an integrated gasification process into the existing pulping process. The paper explores the supercritical water gasification of back liquor and syngas as fuel in the pulp and paper industry. A discussion of the co-gasification of black liquor with either fossil fuels or biomass, focusing on the catalytic effect of AAEMs in the co-gasification process as well as the synergistic effects of fossil fuels and biomass is presented.
Environmental conditions in the pre-Jenkyns event times (late Pliensbachian—early Toarcian) in the South Iberian Palaeomargin (Betic External Zones, Southern Spain)
Authors: Nieto L. M. , Ayadi C. , Fraguas Á. , Molina J. M. , Reolid M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree stratigraphic sections of the Betic External Zones were studied, two from the Median Subbetic (PEL and PR) and one from the External Subbetic (CE). The upper Pliensbachian materials and the transition to the lower Toarcian were dated with calcareous nannofossils in PEL and PR in this paper, while in the CE section, previous ammonite and nannofossil biostratigraphies were considered. The dominant facies are alternance of marly limestone—marl, although in the CE section, the Toarcian is represented by marls, where the Jenkyns Event has been recorded. In terms of ichnofossils, in the PEL section Macaronichnus predominates. In the PR and CE sections, the ichnoassemblages are dominated by Planolites, Thalassinoides and Chondrites. The facies and ichnofacies distinguished formed in pelagic or hemipelagic marine environments. Analysis of the correlation between δ13C and δ18O and of each of them with Sr and Fe/Ca and Sr/Ca, as well as the Z-factor, indicate that the geochemical signal has not been modified by diagenesis. In the PEL and PR sections, the δ13C and δ18O ratios do not allow to clearly identify isotopic events, except in CE where the Jenkyns Event was recorded. The proxies used to study detritism (Zr/Rb, Sr/Cu, Chemical Index Alteration, CIA, and C-value) show trends opposite to those detected in other Tethys sections and even between them. These peculiarities in the geochemical data are interpreted as the result of the opening of the Hispanic Corridor, the mixing of Panthalassa and Tethys seawaters and extensional tectonics, which favoured the development of half grabens with significant differential subsidence, especially during the NJT5b Subzone (latest Pliensbachian). These half grabens could be affected by contourite currents according to the Macaronichnus assemblage in some of these sections.