bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Electricity to Sedate Lake Trout for Intracoelomic Implantation of Electronic Transmitters
Authors: Faust Matthew D. , Vandergoot Christopher S. , Hostnik Eric T. , Binder Thomas R. , Mida Hinderer Julia L. , Ives Jessica T. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Use of telemetry data to inform fisheries conservation and management is becoming increasingly common; as such, fish typically must be sedated before surgical implantation of transmitters into the coelom. Given that no widely available, immediate-release chemical sedative currently exists in North America, we investigated the feasibility of using electricity to sedate Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush long enough for an experienced surgeon to implant an electronic transmitter (i.e., 180 s). Specifically, our study objectives were to determine (1) whether some combination of electrical waveform characteristics (i.e., duty cycle, frequency, voltage, and pulse type) could sedate Lake Trout for at least 180 s; and (2) whether Lake Trout that were sequentially exposed to continuous DC and pulsed DC had greater rates of spinal injury and short-term mortality than control fish. A Portable Electrosedation System unit was used to sedate hatchery and wild Lake Trout. Dual-frequency pulsed-DC and two-stage approaches successfully sedated Lake Trout and had similar induction and recovery times. Lake Trout sedated using the two-stage approach did not have survival rates or spinal abnormalities that were significantly different from those of control fish. We concluded that electricity was a viable alternative to chemical sedatives for sedating Lake Trout before surgical implantation of an electronic transmitter, but we suggest that Lake Trout and other closely related species (e.g., Arctic Char Salvelinus alpinus) may require morphotype-specific electrical waveforms due to their morphological diversity.
Received January 28, 2017; accepted April 24, 2017 Published online June 20, 2017
Effects of Feeding Frequencies on the Growth, Plasma Biochemistry, and Liver Glycogen of Jade Perch Scortum barcoo in a Recirculating System
Authors: Al-Khafaji Firas M , Romano Nicholas , Amin S M Nurul , Fadel Abdalbast H I , Ebrahimi Mahdi , Karami Ali , Arshad Aziz 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Jade Perch Scortum barcoo having an initial average weight of 7.28 ± 0.13 g (mean ± SE) were cultured in a recirculating system at different feeding frequencies that included one, two, three, or four meals a day at 5% body weight per day. Treatments were performed in triplicate using 65 fish in each replicate. After 72 d, the survival, growth, feeding efficiencies, body indices, plasma biochemistry, whole-body proximate composition, and muscle cholesterol were measured while histological sections of the liver were stained for glycogen with periodic acid Schiff. Results showed that growth was best when fish were fed three times a day, which was significantly higher than those fed one, two or four times a day. Feeding efficiencies were significantly better for fish fed two or three times a day. Plasma glucose, plasma cholesterol, periodic acid Schiff staining intensity of the liver, and hepatosomatic index were significantly higher for fish fed three times a day compared with once a day. Whole-body crude protein was significantly lower for fish fed once a day compared with treatments of two or four times a day. Muscle cholesterol tended to increase with increasing feeding frequencies, but the results were not significant. No significant treatment effect was detected on the plasma mineral content. Based on a feeding rate of 5% body weight/d, it is recommended that feedings are divided into three meals a day to increase available energy for optimal growth.
Multiple P450s and Variation in Neuronal Genes Underpins the Response to the Insecticide Imidacloprid in a Population ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Denecke Shane , Fusetto Roberto , Martelli Felipe , Giang Alex , Battlay Paul , Fournier-Level Alexandre , O’Hair Richard A. , Batterham Philip 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an economically important example of evolution in response to intense selection pressure. Here, the genetics of resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid is explored using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, a collection of inbredDrosophila melanogastergenotypes derived from a single population in North Carolina. Imidacloprid resistance varied substantially among genotypes, and more resistant genotypes tended to show increased capacity to metabolize and excrete imidacloprid. Variation in resistance level was then associated with genomic and transcriptomic variation, implicating several candidate genes involved in central nervous system function and the cytochrome P450sCyp6g1andCyp6g2.CRISPR-Cas9 mediated removal ofCyp6g1suggested that it contributed to imidacloprid resistance only in backgrounds where it was already highly expressed.Cyp6g2, previously implicated in juvenile hormone synthesis via expression in the ring gland, was shown to be expressed in metabolically relevant tissues of resistant genotypes.Cyp6g2overexpression was shown to both metabolize imidacloprid and confer resistance. These data collectively suggest that imidacloprid resistance is influenced by a variety of previously known and unknown genetic factors.
Cells from the same lineage switch from reduction to enhancement of size variability inArabidopsissepals
Authors: Tsugawa Satoru , Hervieux Nathan , Kierzkowski Daniel , Routier-Kierzkoswska Anne-Lise , Sapala Aleksandra , Hamant Olivier , Smith Richard S. , Roeder Adrienne H. K. , Boudaoud Arezki , Li Chun-Biu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrgans form with remarkably consistent sizes and shapes during development, whereas a high variability in size and growth is observed at cell level. Given this contrast, it is unclear how such consistency at organ scale can emerge from cellular behavior. We examine the growth of cell lineages, or groups of cells that are the progeny of a single mother cell. At early stages of the lineage, we find that initially smaller lineages grow faster than the larger ones reducing variability in lineage size, a phenomenon we refer to as size uniformization. In contrast at later stages of the lineage, size variability is enhanced when initially larger cell lineages grow faster than the smaller ones. Our results imply that the cell lineage changes its growth pattern at a tipping point. Finally, we found that the growth heterogeneity of individual cells within a lineage is correlated with fast growth of the lineage. Consequently, fast growing lineages show greater cell growth heterogeneity, leading to uniformization in lineage size. Thus, cellular variability in growth contributes toward decreasing variability of cell lineages throughout the sepal.
Bistablity in Fluorescence from a purple non-sulfur bacteria
Authors: Bose Anirban , Raja Sufi O , Ray Sanhita , Dasgupta Anjan Kr 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBistable optical emission has been observed for photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteriaRhodobacter capsulatusSB1003. The microbes respond to UV excitation (at 395nm) in a bifurcating way one branch corresponding to increase and the other corresponding to diminishing fluorescent emission in the range 590-685nm.The switching between such bifurcating branches can be observed when parameters like concentration, temperature are varied or static magnetic field is applied. Thus switching from amplification to reduction occurs if fluorophore concentration lowered. Again if temperature is lowered a steady quenching (instead of amplification) of fluorescence is observed. However presence of magnetic field of the order of 0.5 T reverts this and once again the systems resumes its fluoresence amplifying state. We propose that aggregation of bacterial porphyrin and regulation of such aggregation by photon excitation may explain this bistablity. Possible ecological implication of the photosynthetic bistability is suggested.
Geographical co-occurrence of butterfly species: The importance of niche filtering by host plant species
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke , Hashimoto Koya , Iwasaki Takaya , Sato Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relevance of interspecific resource competition in the context of community assembly by herbivorous insects is a well-known topic in ecology. Most previous studies focused on local species assemblies, that shared host plants. Few studies evaluated species pairs within a single taxon when investigating the effects of host plant sharing at the regional scale. Herein, we explore the effect of plant sharing on the geographical co-occurrence patterns of 232 butterflies distributed across the Japanese archipelago; we use two spatial scales (10 × 10 km and 1 × 1 km grids) to this end. We considered that we might encounter one of two predictable patterns in terms of the relationship between co-occurrence and host sharing among butterflies. On the one hand, host sharing might promote distributional exclusivity attributable to interspecific resource competition. On the other hand, sharing of host plants may promote co-occurrence attributable to filtering by resource niche. At both grid scales, we found significant negative correlations between host use similarity and distributional exclusivity. Our results support the hypothesis that the butterfly co-occurrence pattern across the Japanese archipelago is better explained by filtering via resource niche rather than interspecific resource competition.
Identification of SNPs involved in regulating a novel alternative transcript of P450 CYP6ER1 in the brown planthopper
Authors: Liang Zhi‐Kun , Pang Rui , Dong Yi , Sun Zhong‐Xiang , Ling Yan , Zhang Wen‐Qing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCytochrome P450‐mediated metabolic resistance is one of the major mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. Although the up‐regulation of cytochrome P450 plays a vital role in insecticide metabolism, the molecular basis for the transcriptional regulation of cytochrome P450 remains largely unknown. The P450 gene CYP6ER1, has been reported to confer imidacloprid resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Here, we identified a novel alternative transcript of CYP6ER1 (transcript A2) that had different expression patterns between resistant and susceptible populations, and was more stable after insecticide induction. The promoter of this transcript was sequenced and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in individuals from susceptible and resistant field‐collected populations. Resistant alleles of four SNPs were found to significantly enhance the promoter activity of the CYP6ER1 transcript A2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that these SNPs might regulate the binding of transcription factors to the promoter. Our findings provide novel evidence regarding the transcriptional regulation of a metabolic resistance‐related gene and may be useful to understand the resistance mechanism of N. lugens in the field.
Functional characterization of a Niemann–Pick type C2 protein in the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator
Authors: Zheng Yao , Wang Shan‐Ning , Peng Yong , Lu Zi‐Yun , Shan Shuang , Yang Ye‐Qing , Li Rui‐Jun , Zhang Yong‐Jun , Guo Yu‐Yuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNiemann–Pick type C2 (NPC2) is a type of small soluble protein involved in lipid metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in vertebrates and arthropods. Recent studies have determined that NPC2 also participates in chemical communication of arthropods. In this work, two novel NPC2 proteins (MmedNPC2a and MmedNPC2b) in Microplitis mediator were identified. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that MmedNPC2a was expressed higher in the antennae than in other tissues of adult wasps compared with MmedNPC2b. Subsequent immunolocalization results demonstrated that NPC2a was located in the lymph cavities of sensilla placodea. To further explore the binding characterization of recombinant MmedNPC2a to 54 candidate odor molecules, a fluorescence binding assay was performed. It was found MmedNPC2a could not bind with selected fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and octadecenoic acid. However, seven cotton volatiles, 4‐ethylbenzaldehyde, 3,4‐dimethylbenzaldehyde, β‐ionone, linalool, m‐xylene, benzaldehyde and trans‐2‐hexen‐1‐al showed certain binding abilities with MmedNPC2a. Moreover, the predicted 3D model of MmedNPC2a was composed of seven β‐sheets and three pairs of disulfide bridges. In this model, the key binding residues for oleic acid in CjapNPC2 of Camponotus japonicus, Lue68, Lys69, Lys70, Phe97, Thr103 and Phe127, are replaced with Phe85, Ser86, His87, Leu113, Tyr119 and Ile143 in MmedNPC2a, respectively. We proposed that MmedNPC2a in M. mediator may play roles in perception of plant volatiles.
Gender‐related differences in antiplatelet treatment patterns and outcome: Insights from the GReekAntiPlatElet Registry
Authors: Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Davlouros Periklis , Deftereos Spyridon , Hamilos Michalis , Sitafidis George , Kanakakis Ioannis , Vavouranakis Manolis , Goudevenos John , Lekakis John , Alexopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAimsData on the clinical impact of gender in “real‐life” patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), receiving clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor are limited. We aimed to investigate sex‐based differences in clinical outcome of those patients.MethodsIn a prospective, observational, multicenter, cohort study, 2047 patients were recruited into the GReekAntiPlatElet (GRAPE) Registry and were followed up until 1 year for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, and stroke) and bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] classification).ResultsWomen (n=360, 17.6%) were more frequently administered clopidogrel (rather than novel P2Y12 receptor antagonists) at PCI hospital and at discharge. MACE occurred in 9.2% and 8.1% of women and men, respectively and did not differ significantly by gender. Rate of observed bleeding BARC any type was 57.2% and 44.4% in women and men, respectively. Following adjustment, only differences in BARC any type and BARC type 1 events remained significant, with higher rates observed between women: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.51 (1.23‐1.85) and 1.58 (1.27‐1.96), respectively, P<.001 for both.ConclusionsIn a contemporary “real‐life” cohort of patients with ACS treated with PCI and focusing on antiplatelet treatment 1‐year ischemic outcome does not differ by gender, while women do present more frequently not actionable bleeding events.
Molecular recognition of a carboxy pyridostatin toward G‐quadruplex structures: Why does it prefer RNA?
Authors: Rocca Roberta , Talarico Carmine , Moraca Federica , Costa Giosuè , Romeo Isabella , Ortuso Francesco , Alcaro Stefano , Artese Anna 
Published: May 2017

The pyridostatin (PDS) represents the lead compound of a family of G‐quadruplex (G4) stabilizing synthetic small molecules based on a N,N′‐bis(quinolinyl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide scaffold. Its mechanism of action involves the induction of telomere dysfunction by competing for binding with telomere‐associated proteins, such as human POT1. Recently, through a template‐directed “in situ” click chemistry approach, a PDS derivative, the carboxypyridostatin (cPDS), was discovered. It has the peculiarity to exhibit high molecular specificity for RNA over DNA G4, while PDS is a good generic RNA and DNA G4‐interacting small molecule. Structural data on the binding modes of these compounds are not available, and the selectivity mode of cPDS toward TERRA G4 is unknown too. Therefore, this work is aimed at rationalizing the selectivity of cPDS versus TERRA G4 by means of molecular dynamics and docking simulations, coupled to better understand the binding mode of these compounds to telomeric G4 structures.The comprehensive analysis of cPDS binding mode and its conformational behavior demonstrates the importance of the ligand conformation properties coupled with a remarkable solvation contribution. This work is expected to provide valuable clues for further rational design of novel and selective TERRA G4 binders.
Airflow obstruction, cognitive function and mortality in a US national cohort: NHANES‐III
Authors: Odeyemi Yewande E. , Meda Edris , Ogundipe Funmilola , Russ Ebony , Mehari Alem , Obisesan Thomas , Gillum Richard F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that cognitive impairment increases mortality independent of airflow obstruction.Materials and MethodsIn 1988‐1994 the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) measured forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the forced vital capacity (FVC) and selected items on cognitive function with mortality follow‐up. For this survival analysis 4365 persons aged 60 and over with complete data formed the analytic sample.ResultsThe FEV1/FVC less than the lower limit of predicted ratio (LLP) defined airflow obstruction and Composite Cognitive Function Score (CCF) ≤4, cognitive impairment. The percentage who died during follow up was 67% among those with neither FEV1/FVC < LLP nor CCF ≤4, 82% with FEV1/FVC < LLP only, 85% with CCF score ≤4 only and 93% with both FEV1/FVC LLP and CCF score ≤4 (P < .001). Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression revealed an increased hazard ratio (HR) in persons with FEV1/FVC <LLP only and in persons with CCF ≤4 only, respectively, compared with persons with neither. FEV1/FVC ratio < LLP remained a significant predictor of mortality with an interaction between FEV1/FVC ratio < LLP and CCF ≤4 (P = .051).ConclusionElderly persons with either airflow obstruction or cognitive impairment or both had increased all‐cause mortality when compared to those with neither after adjusting for confounders. However, cognitive impairment was not a predictor of increased mortality independent of airflow obstruction.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Ciliates, Holostichides heterotypicus n. sp. and Holosticha muuiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora: Urostylida)
Authors: Kim Kang‐San , Jung Jae‐Ho , Min Gi‐Sik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo new urostylid species, Holostichides heterotypicus n. sp. and Holosticha muuiensis n. sp., were discovered in South Korea. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses were carried out to confirm that these species are new to science. Holostichides heterotypicus is mainly characterized by the following combination of features: 110–205 μm long in vivo; 5–10 frontoterminal cirri; 6–8 midventral pairs with 2–3 midventral cirral rows; cortical granules present; four bipolar dorsal kineties; and 6–9 caudal cirri. Ontogenetic features of H. heterotypicus are similar to those of H. typicus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that H. heterotypicus was distantly separated from bakuellid genera Apobakuella, Bakuella, Metaurostylopsis, and Neobakuella. This result is supported by the following features: transverse cirri (present in the other four bakuellids vs. absent in Holostichides) and caudal cirri (absent in the other four bakuellids vs. present in Holostichides). Holosticha muuiensis n. sp. is mainly distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of features: 100–185 long in vivo; shortened undulating membrane; cortical granules lacking; contractile vacuole absent; 51–66 adoral zone of membranelles; 42–60 macronuclear nodules; and five bipolar dorsal kineties. In the phylogenetic tree, Holosticha muuiensis n. sp. clustered with a Holosticha group (containing Holosticha diademata, Holosticha foissneri, and Holosticha heterofoissneri).
Nuclear Features of the Heterotrich Ciliate Blepharisma americanum: Genomic Amplification, Life Cycle, and Nuclear Inclusion
Authors: Wancura Megan M. , Yan Ying , Katz Laura A. , Maurer‐Alcalá Xyrus X. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBlepharisma americanum, a member of the understudied ciliate class Heterotrichea, has a moniliform somatic macronucleus that resembles beads on a string. Blepharisma americanum is distinguishable by its pink coloration derived from the autofluorescent pigment blepharismin and tends to have a single somatic macronucleus with 3–6 nodes and multiple germline micronuclei. We used fluorescence confocal microscopy to explore the DNA content and amplification between the somatic and germline nuclei of B. americanum through its life cycle. We estimate that the DNA content of the macronucleus and micronucleus are 43 ± 8 Gbp and 83 ± 16 Mbp respectively. This correlates with an approximate DNA content difference of 500‐fold from micronucleus to macronucleus and a macronuclear ploidy of ~1,100 N as compared to the presumably diploid micronucleus. We also investigate a previously reported macronuclear inclusion, which is present sporadically across all life cycle stages; this inclusion looks as if it contains blepharismin based on its fluorescent properties, but its function remains unknown. We also provide additional detail to our understanding of life cycles changes in B. americanum by analyses of fluorescent images. Overall, the data analyzed here contribute to our understanding of the diversity of nuclear architecture in ciliates by providing details on the highly polyploid somatic macronucleus of B. americanum.
Correlation between oral fluid and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after intramuscular administration in pigs
Authors: Gajda A. , Jablonski A. , Gbylik – Sikorska M. , Posyniak A. 
Published: May 2017

The penetration of oxytetracycline (OTC) into the oral fluid and plasma of pigs and correlation between oral fluid and plasma were evaluated after a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight of long‐acting formulation. The OTC was detectable both in oral fluid and plasma from 1 hr up to 21 day after drug administration. The maximum concentrations (Cmax) of drug with values of 4021 ± 836 ng/ml in oral fluid and 4447 ± 735 ng/ml in plasma were reached (Tmax) at 2 and 1 hr after drug administration respectively. The area under concentration–time curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and the elimination half‐life (t1/2β) were, respectively, 75613 ng × hr/ml, 62.8 hr and 117 hr in oral fluid and 115314 ng × hr/ml, 31.4 hr and 59.2 hr in plasma. The OTC concentrations were remained higher in plasma for 48 hr. After this time, OTC reached greater level in oral fluid. The strong correlation (r = .92) between oral fluid and plasma OTC concentrations was observed. Concentrations of OTC were within the therapeutic levels for most sensitive micro‐organism in pigs (above MIC values) for 48 hr after drug administration, both in the plasma and in oral fluid.
Structure and Process: Examining the Interaction between Bureaucratic Organization and Analytical Requirements
Authors: Shapiro Stuart 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAttempts by politicians to control bureaucratic decisions include both structural (how is the agency making the decision organized?) and procedural (what rules must they follow when making the decision?). But how do these two modes of influence interact? This article examines the interaction between bureaucratic structure and one procedural control, the requirement that agencies conduct an analysis of their decisions prior to their issuance. I look at this interaction in the context of two types of analysis, cost‐benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. I interview 16 individuals in each field and draw from their experiences of conducting and reviewing more than a thousand analyses. The conduct of analysis is affected by where analysts are placed in agencies. In particular, independence of analysts has a trade‐off. The more independent analysts are, the more likely they can challenge preferred decisions in their agency. But independent analysts are brought into decisions later and their independence may limit their long‐term impacts on agency culture. Despite this trade‐off, analysts expressed a clear preference for independence. The interaction between different controls of bureaucratic behavior is a potentially fruitful line for further research.