bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income mobility and the welfare state: an international comparison with panel data
Authors: Fabig Holger 
Published: January 2017

This article examines gross and net equivalent income mobility in the western and eastern states of Germany, in Great Britain and in the United States, using panel data of these countries from the period 1989-95. By comparing the differences between the mobility of gross and net equivalent income internationally, it analyses to what extent the welfare state reduces income mobility, thereby testing hypotheses concerning international differences in the mobility-reducing effect of the welfare state. The results show that the largest mobility-reducing effect is observed in eastern states of Germany, followed by western Germany. While the reduction of gross equivalent income mobility by the tax and transfer system is much smaller in Great Britain, this reduction cannot be observed in the USA at all. These results support the hypothesis that the mobility-reducing effect of the tax and transfer system is much stronger in conservative welfare states like Germany than in liberal welfare states like Great Britain and the USA. Résumé Cet article étudie les flux de revenus brut et net (y compris transferts) des individus dans le temps en Allemagne de l'Est et de l'Ouest, en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis à partir de données couvrant la période 1989-95. Sur base d'une comparaison international sur les dynamiques entre revenus équivalents nets et bruts, il analyse dans quelle mesure le système de protection sociale réduit ces différences. Les résultats indiquent que l'effet de réduction le plus important s'observe en Allemagne de l'Est, suivie de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest. Si en Grande-Bretagne, cette réduction par le système de redistribution et d'imposition est nettement plus faible, aucune réduction ne s'observe aux Etats-Unis. Ces résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'effet réducteur de la mobilité des revenus par le système d'imposition et de redistribution est plus important dans les systèmes de sécurité sociale conservateurs comme l'Allemagne que dans le systèmes de protection sociale qualifié de libéraux comme la Grande-Bretagne et les Etats-Unis.
Biallelic mutations in DNAJC21 cause Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Authors: Dhanraj Santhosh , Matveev Anna , Li Hongbing , Lauhasurayotin Supanun , Jardine Lawrence , Cada Michaela , Zlateska Bozana , Tailor Chetankumar S. , Zhou Joseph , Mendoza-Londono Roberto , Vincent Ajoy , Durie Peter R. , Scherer Stephen W. , Rommens Johanna M. , Heon Elise , Dror Yigal 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
There is an Inside Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
HPV DNA in saliva from patients with SCC of the head and neck is specific for p16-positive oropharyngeal tumours
Authors: Wasserman Jason K. , Rourke Ryan , Purgina Bibianna , Caulley Lisa , Dimitroulakis Jim , Corsten Martin , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie 
Published: January 2017

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially in young people. These tumours overexpress p16 and respond well to treatment. The rapid detection of HPV in patients with HNSCC may expedite treatment when p16 status is not immediately available. Methods Saliva-based DNA collection kits and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the HPV status of 62 individuals with biopsy-proven HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine tumour p16 status. Results A total of 62 patients were included in the study. Twenty-nine samples (47%) were positive for HPV DNA, the majority of which were high risk (HR) subtypes (79%). Patients who tested positive for HR HPV were more likely to have a tumour arising in the oropharynx compared to a non-oropharyngeal site (74 vs 26%; p = 0.003). A positive HR HPV saliva assay was 100% specific (95% CI 59–100%) and had a 100% positive predictive value (95% CI 75–100%) for a p16 positive tumour arising in the oropharynx. In contrast, a negative HR HPV assay had a 96% negative predictive value (95% CI 80–100%) for tumours arising in a non-oropharyngeal site. Independent of site, the saliva assay had a sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 54–91%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI 77–99%), respectively, for a p16 positive tumour. Conclusion We show that a saliva based assay is an effective method for detecting HPV in patients with HNSCC and that a positive HR HPV test is highly specific for p16 positive tumours arising in the oropharynx. This simple and rapid test could be used in cases where a biopsy of the primary tumour is not readily available.
Synthesis and Solid-State Polymerization of a Macrocyclic Compound with Two Butadiyne Units
Authors: Kikuchi Kohei , Tatewaki Yoko , Okada Shuji 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A macrocyclic compound 1 with two butadiyne and four dodecyloxy-substituted benzamide moieties was successfully synthesized, and its ring structure was confirmed by the MALDI-TOF mass spectra and the 1H NMR spectra. Compound 1 showed two modifications depending on solvent for the solidification. Characteristic excitonic absorption bands of polydiacetylene were observed at around 500 nm for one of the modifications after UV irradiation. Quantitative conversion of butadiyne moieties to the corresponding polydiacetylene structure was confirmed by the Raman spectra.
The Travelers Route Choice Problem Under Uncertainty: Dominance Relations Between Strategies
Authors: Schmidt Marie , Kroon Leo , Schöbel Anita , Bouman Paul 
Published: January 2017

In this paper we describe the Traveler’s Route Choice Problem (TRCP). This is the problem of a traveler in a railway system who plans to take the fastest route to a destination but is faced with a disruption of unknown length on this route. In that case, he can wait until the disruption is over or take a detour route as an alternative. Since the duration of the disruption is not known in advance, he is left with a decision problem under uncertainty. In this paper we model the problem and describe the strategies that may be used in such a situation. Instead of finding optimal strategies for a specialized quality measure, we consider dominance relations between strategies and show that dominated strategies are nonoptimal for the common quality measures. We then analyze which strategies for the TRCP are dominated. In general, the set of nondominated strategies is strongly reduced. We also show that, under certain assumptions, only a small set of strategies is nondominated and conclude that in this case the TRCP can be solved by enumeration for any of the quality measures. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.128/opre.2016.1564 .
Ultimate fracture load of cadaver proximal humeri correlates more strongly with mean combined cortical thickness than with areal cortical index, DEXA density, or canal-to-calcar ratio
Authors: Skedros J. G. , Mears C. S. , Burkhead W. Z. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives This investigation sought to advance the work published in our prior biomechanical study (Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2016). We specifically sought to determine whether there are additional easy-to-measure parameters on plain radiographs of the proximal humerus that correlate more strongly with ultimate fracture load, and whether a parameter resembling the Dorr strength/quality characterisation of proximal femurs can be applied to humeri. Materials and Methods A total of 33 adult humeri were used from a previous study where we quantified bone mineral density of the proximal humerus using radiographs and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and regional mean cortical thickness and cortical index using radiographs. The bones were fractured in a simulated backwards fall with the humeral head loaded at 2 mm/second via a frustum angled at 30° from the long axis of the bone. Correlations were assessed with ultimate fracture load and these new parameters: cortical index expressed in areas (“areal cortical index”) of larger regions of the diaphysis; the canal-to-calcar ratio used analogous to its application in proximal femurs; and the recently described medial cortical ratio. Results The three new parameters showed the following correlations with ultimate fracture load: areal cortical index (r = 0.56, p < 0.001); canal-to-calcar ratio (r = 0.38, p = 0.03); and medial cortical ratio (r = 0.49, p < 0.005). These correlations were weaker when compared with those that we previously reported: mean cortical thickness of the proximal diaphysis versus ultimate fracture load (r = 0.71; p < 0.001); and mean density in the central humeral head versus ultimate fracture load (r = 0.70; p < 0.001). Conclusion Simple-to-measure radiographic parameters of the proximal humerus reported previously are more useful in predicting ultimate fracture load than are areal cortical index, canal-to-calcar ratio, and medial cortical ratio. Cite this article: J. G. Skedros, C. S. Mears, W. Z. Burkhead. Ultimate fracture load of cadaver proximal humeri correlates more strongly with mean combined cortical thickness than with areal cortical index, DEXA density, or canal-to-calcar ratio. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:1–7. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0145.R1
Are two retrograde 3.5 mm screws superior to one 7.3 mm screw for anterior pelvic ring fixation in bones with low bone mineral density?
Authors: Acklin Y. P. , Zderic I. , Grechenig S. , Richards R. G. , Schmitz P. , Gueorguiev B. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives Osteosynthesis of anterior pubic ramus fractures using one large-diameter screw can be challenging in terms of both surgical procedure and fixation stability. Small-fragment screws have the advantage of following the pelvic cortex and being more flexible. The aim of the present study was to biomechanically compare retrograde intramedullary fixation of the superior pubic ramus using either one large- or two small-diameter screws. Materials and Methods A total of 12 human cadaveric hemipelvises were analysed in a matched pair study design. Bone mineral density of the specimens was 68 mgHA/cm3 (standard deviation (sd) 52). The anterior pelvic ring fracture was fixed with either one 7.3 mm cannulated screw (Group 1) or two 3.5 mm pelvic cortex screws (Group 2). Progressively increasing cyclic axial loading was applied through the acetabulum. Relative movements in terms of interfragmentary displacement and gap angle at the fracture site were evaluated by means of optical movement tracking. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to identify significant differences between the groups Results Initial axial construct stiffness was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.463). Interfragmentary displacement and gap angle at the fracture site were also not statistically significantly different between the groups throughout the evaluated cycles (p ⩾ 0.249). Similarly, cycles to failure were not statistically different between Group 1 (8438, sd 6968) and Group 2 (10 213, sd 10 334), p = 0.379. Failure mode in both groups was characterised by screw cutting through the cancellous bone. Conclusion From a biomechanical point of view, pubic ramus stabilisation with either one large or two small fragment screw osteosynthesis is comparable in osteoporotic bone. However, the two-screw fixation technique is less demanding as the smaller screws deflect at the cortical margins. Cite this article: Y. P. Acklin, I. Zderic, S. Grechenig, R. G. Richards, P. Schmitz, B. Gueorguiev. Are two retrograde 3.5 mm screws superior to one 7.3 mm screw for anterior pelvic ring fixation in bones with low bone mineral density? Bone Joint Res 2017;6:8–13. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0261.
GLP-1R Signaling Directly Activates Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Action in Brain Slices but Does not Rescue Luteinizing Hormone Inhibition in Ovariectomized Mice During Negative Energy Balance
Authors: Heppner Kristy M. , Baquero Arian F. , Bennett Camdin M. , Lindsley Sarah R. , Kirigiti Melissa A. , Bennett Baylin , Bosch Martha A. , Mercer Aaron J. , Rønnekleiv Oline K. , True Cadence , Grove Kevin L. , Smith M. Susan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) are key components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as they regulate the basal pulsatile release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). ARC Kiss1 action is dependent on energy status, and unmasking metabolic factors responsible for modulating ARC Kiss1 neurons is of great importance. One possible factor is glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an anorexigenic neuropeptide produced by brainstem preproglucagon neurons. Because GLP fiber projections and the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are abundant in the ARC, we hypothesized that GLP-1R signaling could modulate ARC Kiss1 action. Using ovariectomized mice, we found that GLP-producing fibers come in close apposition with ARC Kiss1 neurons; these neurons also containGlp1rmRNA. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that liraglutide (a long-acting GLP-1R agonist) increased action potential firing and caused a direct membrane depolarization of ARC Kiss1 cells in brain slices. We determined that brainstem preproglucagon mRNA is decreased after a 48-h fast in mice, a negative energy state in which ARC Kiss1 expression and downstream GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) release are potently suppressed. However, activation of GLP-1R signaling in fasted mice with liraglutide was not sufficient to prevent LH inhibition. Furthermore, chronic central infusions of the GLP-1R antagonist, exendin(9–39), inad libitum–fed mice did not alter ARCKiss1mRNA or plasma LH. As a whole, these data identify a novel interaction of the GLP-1 system with ARC Kiss1 neurons but indicate that CNS GLP-1R signaling alone is not critical for the maintenance of LH during fasting or normal feeding.
Overexpression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Protects Large Retinal Ganglion Cells After Optic Nerve Crush in Mice
Authors: Feng Liang , Puyang Zhen , Chen Hui , Liang Peiji , Troy John B. , Liu Xiaorong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for neuron survival and function, plays an important role in neuroprotection during neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined whether a modest increase of retinal BDNF promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after acute injury of the optic nerve in mice. We adopted an inducible Cre-recombinase transgenic system to up-regulate BDNF in the mouse retina and then examined RGC survival after optic nerve crush byin vivoimaging. We focused on one subtype of RGC with large soma expressing yellow fluorescent protein transgene that accounts for ∼11% of the total SMI-32–positive RGCs. The median survival time of this subgroup of SMI-32 cells was 1 week after nerve injury in control mice but 2 weeks when BDNF was up-regulated. Interestingly, we found that the survival time for RGCs taken as a whole was 2 weeks, suggesting that these large-soma RGCs are especially vulnerable to optic nerve crush injury. We also studied changes in axon number using confocal imaging, confirming first the progressive loss reported previously for wild-type mice and demonstrating that BDNF up-regulation extended axon survival. Together, our results demonstrate that the time course of RGC loss induced by optic nerve injury is type specific and that overexpression of BDNF prolongs the survival of one subgroup of SMI-32–positive RGCs.
Extraterritorial Punishment
Authors: Kaufman Emma 
Published: January 2017

Repatriation treaties permit noncitizens convicted of crimes in the United States to serve their sentences abroad. The reach of these treaties is vast: together, they provide for the transfer of tens of thousands of prisoners in American custody. In practice, however, repatriation is remarkably rare. This is not because people want to stay in American prisons. Instead, the critical feature of repatriation is resistance from prison bureaucrats, who often determine that prisoners are “too American,” or that their crimes are too severe, to license punishment in a foreign jurisdiction.
This Article examines bureaucratic resistance to repatriation. Drawing on doctrine, legislative history, statistics, and prison policies, I argue that prison officials’ reluctance to repatriate prisoners stems from a conflict between two theories of punishment: one in which the criminal sanction binds a person to the place whose laws he has offended, and one in which the location of punishment is severed from the authority to punish. Ultimately, resistance to repatriation reflects a concern about the legitimacy of extraterritorial punishment. Whether or not that concern should change repatriation law, its existence highlights a growing gap between the legal justifications for imprisonment and the actual practice of punishing people in the United States.
Translational control of lipogenic enzymes in the cell cycle of synchronous, growing yeast cells
Authors: Blank Heidi M , Perez Ricardo , He Chong , Maitra Nairita , Metz Richard , Hill Joshua , Lin Yuhong , Johnson Charles D , Bankaitis Vytas A , Kennedy Brian K , Aramayo Rodolfo , Polymenis Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTranslational control during cell division determines when cells start a new cell cycle, how fast they complete it, the number of successive divisions, and how cells coordinate proliferation with available nutrients. The translational efficiencies of mRNAs in cells progressing synchronously through the mitotic cell cycle, while preserving the coupling of cell division with cell growth, remain uninvestigated. We now report comprehensive ribosome profiling of a yeast cell size series from the time of cell birth, to identify mRNAs under periodic translational control. The data reveal coordinate translational activation of mRNAs encoding lipogenic enzymes late in the cell cycle including Acc1p, the rate‐limiting enzyme acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. An upstream open reading frame (uORF) confers the translational control of ACC1 and adjusts Acc1p protein levels in different nutrients. The ACC1 uORF is relevant for cell division because its ablation delays cell cycle progression, reduces cell size, and suppresses the replicative longevity of cells lacking the Sch9p protein kinase regulator of ribosome biogenesis. These findings establish an unexpected relationship between lipogenesis and protein synthesis in mitotic cell divisions.
Effect of Nickel on Density and Surface Tension of Liquid Tin
Authors: Mudryi S.I. , Lytvyn M.A. 
Published: January 2017

Density and surface tension for Sn1-xNix(x = 0; 0,05; 0,1) have been measured by means of sessile drop method. Temperature dependences of these parameters as well as influence of Ni-atoms on density and surface tension were analyzed. It is shown that chemical ordering is one of the most important factor, determining surface properties and density.
Analysis of Capacity and Phase Composition of Chromotitanazing Surface
Authors: Oglu Abbasov E.O. 
Published: January 2017

The article deals with the investigation of phase composition and capacity of chromotitanazing surface of steel of 25X5MA. Components made of steel with the coatings applied ШХ-15 and 12XH3A were taken as comparison. Absence phase of coatings Cr23C6 and Cr7C3 on the surface layer was determined.
Main phase of the layer is textured structure of Nitride chrome Cr2N. As compared with diffusion coatings applied Ion plasma coatings do not provide bearing capacity of components at their low thickness.
Determination of the Degree of Homogeneity for n Ge Crystals by Measurements of Magnetoresistance in Classically Weak Magnetic Fields
Authors: Gaidar G. P. , Baranskii P. I. 
Published: January 2017

In a wide range of values of the resistivity 0.0212 £ r £ 35 Ohm×cm for n‑Ge crystals with known crystallographic orientation the ratio , which was predicted by the theory, was experimentally confirmed. The experimentally measured deviations from the relationship , which are associated with the heterogeneity of the crystals, it is proposed to use for qualitative assessment of the degree of heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of dopants in the samples.
Effect of Cadmium Doping on the Optical Properties of As2(S, Se)3 Chalcogenide Thin Films
Authors: Grytsyshche I.V. , Kozak M.I. , Turok I.I. , Solomon A.M. , Loya V.Yu. 
Published: January 2017

As2S3 and As2Se3 chalcogenide glasses doped with cadmium were synthesized in quartz ampoules. Thin chalcogenide films based on the synthesized compounds were deposited by thermal vacuum evaporation. Optical transmission spectra of the obtained films were measured and refractive index values were determined. For the films under investigation the energy bandgap, effective dispersion oscillator energy, and dispersion energy values were determined. Based on the material dispersion parameters, ionicity degree was estimated.
Effect of Al, Fe Addition on Thermodynamic Stability and Hydrogen Desorption KInetics from MgH2 Phase OF Mechanical Alloy
Authors: Еrshova О.G. , Koval A.Yu. , Solonin Yu.М. , Dobrovolsky V.D. 
Published: January 2017

With the aim of lowering the temperature, improve the kinetics of the decomposition of stoichiometric hydride MgH2 was investigated the possibility of its complex doping Al, Fe using mechanochemical synthesis (RMS). The MA1 sample was derived by reactive milling Mg + 10 wt% Al + 10 wt. % Fe powder mixture in the hydrogen atmosphere at pressure of 1.2 MPa in a reactor for 10 h. The formation (in conditions of mechanochemical synthesis) of hydride of solid solution of Al and Fe in magnesium Mg(Al,Fe)H2 was experimentally checked. Found that adding to magnesium Al & Fe leads to lower of thermodynamic stability and, consequently, to lower the temperature of the beginning of desorption of hydrogen to 250 0C at 0,1MPa H2 (compared to MgH2 without Al and Fe). After the first cycles of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation from gas phase MA, established by isobaric thermal desorption spectroscopy, the effect of lowering the temperature of the beginning desorbtion 315 0C (for non-alloy phase MgH2) to 250 0C was observed. Adding to magnesium aluminum with Fe significantly improves the kinetics of desorption of hydrogen from the hydride phase MgH2 mechanical alloy produced by RMS.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАЗМЕРА ГЕНОМА ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА POTENTILLA L. (ROSACEAE JUSS.)
Authors: Kechaykin A. A. , Skaptsov M. V. , Smirnov S. V. , Kutsev M. G. , Shmakov A. I. 
Published: January 2017

<p>In our study, 15 representatives of the genus <em>Potentilla</em> L. were analyzed to obtain the relative DNA content and monoploid genome size in the seeds by flow cytometry method. For these <em>Potentilla</em> species, except <em>P. argentea </em>and<em> P. norvegica</em>, DNA content and genome size are revealed for the first time. As a result, the following data were obtaining: representatives of the older section <em>Desertae</em> are diploids with the large monoploid genome size. The genome of <em>P. asiatica</em> (Chrysanthae section) are decrease up to 0.35 pg, while the ploidy is increased to 4. Representatives of the <em>Multifidae</em> and <em>Supinae</em> section are presented with tetra- and hexaploid species with the 0.3 pg of the monoploid genome size. In section Tanacetifoliae are observed a further decrease of the genome size, representatives basically tetraploids. Thus, in the genome size evolution of a <em>Potentilla </em>genera are observed the increase of ploidy with significant reductions in monoploid genome size. This fact proves the general theory of genome evolution of angiosperms, directed towards its reduction. Linear regression analysis was showed a positive correlation between chromosome number and genome size of the representatives of the <em>Potentilla </em>genera. This suggests that between genome size and the number of chromosomes in <em>Potentilla </em>species are linear dependence. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed this result: the correlation coefficient is 0.97 at P&lt;0.05. </p>