bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die lokale Oberflächenstruktur und ‐zusammensetzung bestimmt die Wasserstoffentwicklung an Eisen‐Nickelsulfiden
Authors: Bentley Cameron L. , Andronescu Corina , Smialkowski Mathias , Kang Minkyung , Tarnev Tsvetan , Marler Bernd , Unwin Patrick R. , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUm leistungsfähigere Elektrokatalysatoren zu entwickeln, ist es notwendig, den Einfluss der Oberflächenstruktur und ‐zusammensetzung von Materialien mit hoher lokaler Auflösung besser zu verstehen. Dies trifft insbesondere auf die Entwicklung geeigneter Alternativen für Platin bei der elektrokatalytischen Wasserstofferzeugung zu. Elektrochemische Rasterzellmikroskopie (scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, SECCM) wurde benutzt, um die lokale elektrochemische Aktivität der Wasserstoffbildung an einkristallinen (111)‐Oberflächen von Fe4.5Ni4.5S8, einem hochaktiven Elektrokatalysator für die Wasserstofferzeugung, zu untersuchen. In Kombination mit strukturaufklärenden Methoden zeigen wir, dass kleinste Veränderungen der chemischen Zusammensetzung die Aktivität signifikant verändern können. Somit stellen die auf der Nanoskala durchgeführten elektrochemischen Messungen, ergänzt mit lokalen strukturellen Messungen sowie Kenntnis der lokalen Zusammensetzung ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel für das rationale Design neuer Katalysatoren dar.
Mono‐allyloxylated Cucurbit[7]uril Acts as an Unconventional Amphiphile To Form Light‐Responsive Vesicles
Authors: Park Kyeng Min , Baek Kangkyun , Ko Young Ho , Shrinidhi Annadka , Murray James , Jang Won Hyuk , Kim Ki Hean , Lee Jun‐Seok , Yoo Jejoong , Kim Sungwan , Kim Kimoon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSerendipitously, mono‐allyloxylated cucurbit[7]uril (AO1CB[7]) was discovered to act as an unconventional amphiphile which self‐assembles into light‐responsive vesicles (AO1CB[7]VC) in water. Although the mono‐allyloxy group, directly tethered on the periphery of CB[7], is much shorter (C4) than the hydrophobic tails of conventional amphiphiles, it played an important role in vesicle formation. Light‐activated transformation of the allyloxy group by conjugation with glutathione was exploited as a remote tool to disrupt the vesicle. The vesicle showed on‐demand release of cargo upon irradiation by a laser, after they were internalized into cancer cells. This result demonstrated the potential of AO1CB[7]VC as a new type of light‐responsive intracellular delivery vehicle for the release of therapeutic cargo, within cells, on demand.
Effects of overexpression and inhibited expression of thymosin, an actin‐interacting protein from Bombyx mori, on BmNPV proliferation and replication
Authors: Liao Jinxu , Zhang Chen , Ru Wenjuan , Wang Dan , Zhang Wenping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious study showed that exogenously applied recombinant thymosin from Bombyx mori (BmTHY) reduces B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) proliferation in silkworm. Which stands to reason that BmTHY in B. mori is crucial for the defense against BmNPV. However, little is known about the effect of endogenously overexpressed or repressed BmTHY on B. mori resistance to virus infection. To study this issue, we constructed an overexpression and inhibited expression systems of BmTHY in BmN cells. The viral titer and the analysis from the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that overexpression of BmTHY decreased the copies of BmNPV gene gp41, which goes over to inhibit the proliferation of BmNPV in BmN cells, while the inhibited expression of BmTHY significantly enhanced viral proliferation in infected BmN cells. These results indicated that endogenous BmTHY can inhibit BmNPV proliferation and replication in infected BmN cells. Furthermore, Co‐IP showed that BmTHY could bind to actin in BmN cells. Also, the overexpression or inhibited expression of BmTHY shifted the ratio of F/G‐actin in infected BmN cells. Lastly, the BmTHY, an actin‐interacting protein, might be one of the key host factors against BmNPV, which inhibits viral proliferation and replication in BmN cells.
Malformations among 289,365 Births Attributed to Mutations with Autosomal Dominant and Recessive and X‐Linked Inheritance
Authors: Toufaily M. Hassan , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Nasri Hanah , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe number of malformations attributed to mutations with autosomal or X‐linked patterns of inheritance has increased steadily since the cataloging began in the 1960s. These diagnoses have been based primarily on the pattern of phenotypic features among close relatives. A malformations surveillance program conducted in consecutive pregnancies can identify both known and “new” hereditary disorders.MethodsThe Active Malformations Surveillance Program was carried out among 289,365 births over 41 years (1972–2012) at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The findings recorded by examining pediatricians and all consultants were reviewed by study clinicians to establish the most likely diagnoses. The findings in laboratory testing in the newborn period were reviewed, as well.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐six (0.06%) infants among 289,365 births had a malformation or malformation syndrome that was attributed to Mendelian inheritance. A total of 133 (68%) of the hereditary malformations were attributed to autosomal dominant inheritance, with 94 (71%) attributed to apparent spontaneous mutations. Forty‐six (23%) were attributed to mutations with autosomal recessive inheritance, 17 associated with consanguinity. Seventeen (9%) were attributed to X‐linked inheritance. Fifteen novel familial phenotypes were identified. The family histories showed that most (53 to 71%) of the affected infants were born, as a surprise, to healthy, unaffected parents.ConclusionIt is important for clinicians to discuss with surprised healthy parents how they can have an infant with an hereditary condition. Future studies, using DNA samples from consecutive populations of infants with malformations and whole genome sequencing, will identify many more mutations in loci associated with mendelizing phenotypes. Birth Defects Research 110:92–97, 2018.© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of interleukin‐8 truncations on its interactions with glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Nordsieck Karoline , Baumann Lars , Hintze Vera , Pisabarro M. Teresa , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. , Samsonov Sergey A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe chemokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8, CXCL8) plays an important role in inflammatory processes and consecutive wound healing. It recruits primarily neutrophils to infection sites and stimulates their degranulation and phagocytosis in effector cells. IL‐8 binds glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a class of complex linear anionic polysaccharides often organized into diversely sulfated micro‐domains, that enriches the protein concentration locally and so facilitate the formation of stable concentration gradients. In this study, we applied experimental and computational techniques to investigate the binding of wild type and truncated IL‐8 variants to natural and chemically modified GAGs to gain further insight into the IL‐8/GAG interaction. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of IL‐8 variants did not reveal major structural changes upon GAG binding. Heparin affinity chromatography clearly demonstrates that gradual truncation of the C‐terminal helix leads to decreasing affinities. Similarly, surface plasmon resonance indicates participation of both IL‐8 termini in GAG binding, which strength is dependent on GAG sulfation degree. Molecular modeling suggests that C‐terminal truncation of IL‐8 weakens the interaction with GAGs by an alteration of IL‐8 GAG binding site. Our study provides more detailed understanding of the IL‐8/GAG interaction and contributes to the data of potential use for the development of biomedical implications in tissue regeneration.
Monitoring pesticide residues in dates marketed in Al‐Qassim, Saudi Arabia using a QuEChERS methodology and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Abdallah Osama I. , Alamer Saleh S. , Alrasheed Abdulmajeed M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA sensitive, simple and rapid QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography equipped with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) were used to determine 42 pesticides in dates. Acidified acetonitrile and citrate buffer salts were used to extract re‐hydrated samples. Acceptable validation performances were achieved, i.e. recovery range of 70−120% and RSD values ≤20% for 42 analytes at three different concentrations:100, 50 and 10 μg/kg. This method was used to analyse 200 date fruit samples (var. Sukkari) collected from different large markets in the Al‐Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Pesticide residues were detected in 36 (18%) of the date fruits samples, and 15 samples (7.5%) exceeded the maximum residue levels. The ruggedness test results showed that this method is robust and suitable for the determination of pesticide residues in dates. Additionally, the results showed that the monitored dates did not have a health impact on consumers in Saudi Arabia during the study period.
Indoloazepinone‐Constrained Oligomers as Cell‐Penetrating and Blood–Brain‐Barrier‐Permeating Compounds
Authors: Van der Poorten Olivier , Legrand Baptiste , Vezenkov Lubomir L. , García‐Pindado Júlia , Bettache Nadir , Knuhtsen Astrid , Pedersen Daniel Sejer , Sánchez‐Navarro Macarena , Martinez Jean , Teixidó Meritxell , Garcia Marcel , Tourwé Dirk , Amblard Muriel , Ballet Steven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNon‐cationic and amphipathic indoloazepinone‐constrained (Aia) oligomers have been synthesized as new vectors for intracellular delivery. The conformational preferences of the [l‐Aia‐Xxx]n oligomers were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy. Whereas Boc‐[l‐Aia‐Gly]2,4‐OBn oligomers 12 and 13 and Boc‐[l‐Aia‐β3‐h‐l‐Ala]2,4‐OBn oligomers 16 and 17 were totally or partially disordered, Boc‐[l‐Aia‐l‐Ala]2‐OBn (14) induced a typical turn stabilized by C5‐ and C7‐membered H‐bond pseudo‐cycles and aromatic interactions. Boc‐[l‐Aia‐l‐Ala]4‐OBn (15) exhibited a unique structure with remarkable T‐shaped π‐stacking interactions involving the indole rings of the four l‐Aia residues forming a dense hydrophobic cluster. All of the proposed FITC‐6‐Ahx‐[l‐Aia‐Xxx]4‐NH2 oligomers 19–23, with the exception of FITC‐6‐Ahx‐[l‐Aia‐Gly]4‐NH2 (18), were internalized by MDA‐MB‐231 cells with higher efficiency than the positive references penetratin and Arg8. In parallel, the compounds of this series were successfully explored in an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeation assay. Although no passive diffusion permeability was observed for any of the tested Ac‐[l‐Aia‐Xxx]4‐NH2 oligomers in the PAMPA model, Ac‐[l‐Aia‐l‐Arg]4‐NH2 (26) showed significant permeation in the in vitro cell‐based human model of the BBB, suggesting an active mechanism of cell penetration.
Toward High‐Performance Vacuum‐Deposited OLEDs: Sublimable Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes with Yellow and Orange Electroluminescence
Authors: Ma Dongxin , Zhang Chen , Liu Ruihuan , Qiu Yong , Duan Lian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGreat advances in the development of efficient luminescent materials are the driving force behind organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Sublimable ionic transition‐metal complexes (iTMCs) have emerged as a large family of new emissive dopants applied for vacuum‐deposited OLEDs, while the achievement of excellent performance remains arduous. A series of novel sublimable cationic iridium(III) complexes have been designed and synthesized, containing an imidazole‐type ancillary ligand and tetraphenylborate‐type negative counter‐ions with large steric hindrance and well‐dispersed charges. The photophysical properties, electrochemical behaviors, and thermal stability are fully investigated and discussed, then demonstrated by theoretical calculations. Yellow‐ and orange‐emitting OLEDs thereof are fabricated by vacuum evaporation deposition, realizing a high external quantum efficiency of up to 11 %, maximum brightness over 27.3×103 cd m−2 and low turn‐on voltages below 2.4 V, among the best results of analogous phosphorescent OLEDs based on iTMCs. This work indicates the promising applications of sublimable iTMCs in state‐of‐the‐art vacuum‐deposited optoelectronic devices.
An automatic refrigerant circuit generation method for finned‐tube heat exchangers
Authors: Cen Jiwen , Hu Jianyao , Jiang Fangming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDesign of finned‐tube heat exchangers or coils, and in particular their refrigerant circuits, depends primarily on experimental data and the associated development cost is in general rather high. Taking into consideration the high number of possible refrigerant circuits, the input of each circuit into a particular design computational tool would be a very time‐consuming operation. In the present work, we present a model to automatically generate refrigerant circuits for finned‐tube heat exchangers based on a recursive algorithm. The model assumes that a tube is only connected to those that are in its neighbourhood. In this way the total number of connecting bend tubes is a minimum and, as a consequence, material usage is at its lowest level. In addition, a finned‐tube heat exchanger performance simulation model is developed to evaluate the performance of a finned‐tube heat exchanger with the automatically generated circuit. This simulation model can handle arbitrary refrigerant circuits and it is sufficiently user‐friendly to allow the easy inclusion of new features. In addition, it can simulate coil performance by analyzing the coil into uneven length elements and by considering non‐uniform air distribution at minimal computational cost. The simulation results of the model have a maximum ±10 % error compared with experimental data, most within ±5 % deviation of the experimental data. The automatically generated circuits are evaluated on the basis of the heat exchanger performance simulation results. This combined feature has the potential of being a powerful tool in designing finned‐tube heat exchangers.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazoline‐Based Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives as Aminopeptidase N (APN) Inhibitors
Authors: Cao Jiangying , Zang Jie , Ma Chunhua , Li Xiaoguang , Hou Jinning , Li Jin , Huang Yongxue , Xu Wenfang , Wang Binghe , Zhang Yingjie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAminopeptidase N (APN) has been recognized as a target for anticancer treatment due to its overexpression on diverse malignant tumor cells and association with cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Herein we describe the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure–activity relationship study of two new series of pyrazoline analogues as APN inhibitors. Among these compounds, 5‐(2‐(2‐(hydroxyamino)‐2‐oxoethoxy)phenyl)‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carboxamide (compound 13 e) showed the best APN inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.16±0.02 μm, which is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of bestatin (IC50=9.4±0.5 μm). Moreover, compound 13 e was found to inhibit the proliferation of diverse carcinoma cells and to show potent anti‐angiogenesis activity. At the same concentration, compound 13 e presents significantly higher anti‐angiogenesis activity than bestatin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) capillary tube formation assays. The putative binding mode of 13 e in the active site of APN is also discussed.
On the time‐frequency symbol density of FBMC/QAM systems
Authors: Towliat Mohammad , Javad Asgari Tabatabaee Seyyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFilter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems suffer from an inherent interference, which needs to be eliminated at the detection process. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM/OQAM) is a well‐known FBMC system, which transmits real‐valued symbols. In OFDM/OQAM, the time and frequency spacing between adjacent transmitted symbols are organized such that the inherent interference becomes pure imaginary and can be removed by a real‐taking operation. Although OFDM/OQAM provides the maximal bandwidth efficiency, it falls short in handling the spatial multiplexing techniques in multi‐input multi‐output channels. In this regard, those modified FBMC systems, which transmit complex QAM symbols (FBMC/QAM) are used to support the spatial multiplexing techniques. In this article, we present a novel matrix formulation for the FBMC/QAM transmission procedure. On the basis of this presentation, we show that the maximal achievable time‐frequency symbol density of FBMC/QAM, with the ability of perfectly removing the interference, is equal to that of the primer OFDM/OQAM.
Animal movement affects interpretation of occupancy models from camera‐trap surveys of unmarked animals
Authors: Neilson Eric W. , Avgar Tal , Burton A. Cole , Broadley Kate , Boutin Stan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOccupancy models are increasingly applied to data from wildlife camera‐trap (CT) surveys to estimate distribution, habitat use, or relative abundance of unmarked animals. Fundamental to the occupancy modeling framework is the temporal pattern of detections at camera stations, which is influenced by animal population density and the speed and scale of animal movement. How these factors interact withCTsampling designs to affect the interpretation of occupancy parameter estimates is unclear. We developed a simple yet ecologically relevant animal movement simulation to createCTdetections for animal populations varying in movement rate, home range area, and population density. We also variedCTsampling design by the duration of sampling and the density ofCTs in our simulated domain. A single‐species occupancy model was fitted to simulated detection histories, and model‐estimated probabilities of occupancy were compared to the asymptotic proportion of area occupied (PAO), calculated as the union of all simulated home ranges. Occupancy model parameter estimates were sensitive to simulated movement and sampling scenarios. Occupancy models overestimated asymptoticPAOwhen a low population density of simulated animals moved quickly over large home ranges and this positive bias was insensitive to sampling duration. Conversely, asymptoticPAOwas underestimated when simulated animals moved slowly in large‐ or intermediately sized home ranges. This negative bias decreased with increasing sampling duration and a lower density ofCTs. Our results emphasize that the interpretation of occupancy models depends on the underlying processes drivingCTdetections, specifically animal movement and population density, and that model estimates may not reliably reflect variation in these processes. We recommend carefully defining occupancy if it is applied toCTdata in order to better match sampling and analytical frameworks to the ecology of sampled wildlife species.
Determination of Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) in Skin Care Products by Gaschromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Employing an Enhanced Matrix Removal (EMR) Lipid Clean‐Up
Authors: Farè Fiorenza , Dei Cas Michele , Arnoldi Sebastiano , Casagni Eleonora , Visconti Giacomo Luca , Parnisari Giulia , Bolchi Cristiano , Pallavicini Marco , Gambaro Veniero , Roda Gabriella 
Published: January 2018

A new application of QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged, and Safe) extraction followed by enhanced matrix removal‐lipid cleanup and GC‐MS analysis is proposed for skin care products. The method is applied to determine methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), a preservative frequently used in cosmetic products before being banned for its allergic reactions, so as to unmask its now‐prohibited use. The new validated procedure consists in extracting the cosmetic products with acetonitrile, removing the lipid matrix and then water and solid particles from the organic mixture by two dispersive solid‐phase extractions (dSPE) in sequence and, lastly, analyzing the extracts in GC–MS. Compared to classic liquid–liquid extraction with chloroform, the method has superior features in terms of applicability to cosmetics, ease of use, working times optimization and, above all, reduction of analytically interfering lipidic constituents.Practical Applications: The use of EMR‐Lipid dSPE system followed by GC‐MS analysis allows to trace and quantify a minimal amount of a banned preservative, MDBGN, in so‐called “complex” matrices, such as cosmetic creams, managing them in a simple and efficient way. Therefore, this system can be proposed for further applications of extractive procedures, advantageously alternative to the classic liquid‐liquid extractions, in the field of cosmetics analysis. The EMR‐Lipid dSPE system shows the following advantages: much simpler use, as the system provides tubes already packaged with the clean‐up phase, optimization of the working times, and noticeable reduction of extraction impurities allowing cleaner extracts to be obtained.A new application of QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged, and Safe) extraction followed by enhanced matrix removal‐lipid cleanup and GC–MS analysis is proposed for skin care products. Compared to classic liquid–liquid extraction with chloroform (upper part), the method has superior features in terms of applicability to cosmetics, ease of use, working times optimization and, above all, reduction of analytically interfering lipidic constituents (lower part).
Cancer etiology: Variation in cancer risk among tissues is poorly explained by the number of gene mutations
Authors: López‐Lázaro Miguel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that the risk of being diagnosed with cancer in a tissue is strongly correlated (0.80) with the number of stem cell divisions accumulated by the tissue. Since cell division can generate random mutations during DNA replication, this correlation has been used to propose that cancer is largely caused by the accumulation of unavoidable mutations in driver genes. However, no correlation between the number of gene mutations and cancer risk across tissues has been reported. Because many somatic mutations in cancers originate prior to tumor initiation and the number of cell divisions occurring during tumor growth is similar among tissues, I use whole genome sequencing information from 22 086 cancer samples and incidence data from the largest cancer registry in each continent to study the relationship between the number of gene mutations and the risk of cancer across 33 tissue types. Results show a weak positive correlation (mean = 0.14) between these 2 parameters in each of the 5 cancer registries. The correlation became stronger (mean = 0.50) when gender‐related cancers were excluded. Results also show that 1003 samples from 29 cancer types have zero mutations in genes. These data suggest that cancer etiology can be better explained by the accumulation of stem cell divisions than by the accumulation of gene mutations. Possible mechanisms by which the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells increases the risk of cancer are discussed.
Learn German – And Then What?
Authors: Übelmesser Silke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is a truism to say that migrants' language skills often decide how successfully they are able to integrate. But what about the situation prior to migration? Do people who already know German leave their home countries more quickly and more willingly? And what difference does it make when and where they learned the language? Empirical data sheds light on a little‐studied question.
Organ Transplantation – A Bright Future Ahead
Authors: Manns Michael P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen the kidneys, liver, heart or lungs are incurably diseased, an organ transplant is often the last hope. But despite the many advances in modern medicine, the risks are still high – and the primary goal of doctors and patients is still to maximise “transplant survival” while minimising impact on quality of life.