bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of PPAR γ and TRHR Gene Variations, with Metabolic Factors in Diabetic and Obesity Individuals in the Population; An Investigation Study
Authors: AKTAŞ VEDAT , DURAK ŞERMİN , SEZGİN SAADET BÜŞRA AKSOYER , ÇELİK FARUK , DIRAMALI MURAT , ÖZYAVUZ MUSTAFA KEREM , GÜROL ALİ OSMAN , ERGEN HAYRİYE ARZU , ZEYBEK ŞAKİR ÜMİT 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Obesity, a global pandemic with multiple causes, significantly impacts physical health. Factors such as genetics, ethnicity, physical inactivity, excessive calorie intake, stress, and socioeconomic status contribute to the development of metabolic disorders like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. This study was designed to examine the genotype differences of PPAR γ (rs1801282) and TRHR (rs16892496) polymorphisms known to be associated with obesity in different populations and to determine the role of these variants in the etiology of obesity in the Turkish population. Genotyping of rs1801282 and rs16892496 polymorphisms were conducted by using the Real Time-PCR in study group which consists of 160 patients with diabetes and obesity and 79 healty controls. Upon analyzing the relationship between genotypes and metabolic parameters, individuals with GG genotype showed significantly different BMI values compared to individuals with CC and CG genotypes in the non-diabetic obese group, indicating the possible effect of GG genotype on obesity severity (p = 0,008). In the control group individuals carrying C allele exhibited levels of HDL cholesterol compared to G allele carriers with statistical significance observed (p = 0.034). Analyzing the relationship between genotypes and metabolic parameters we observed that BMI values of A allele carriers in the control group were notably lower than those of C allele carriers with a difference (p = 0.026). These results underscore the significance of influences in obesity and diabetes pathogenesis indicating roles for PPAR γ and TRHR genes in these conditions development. Nonetheless further research, with more diverse samples is necessary to comprehend these connections.
Phylogenetic and Population Genetic Analysis of Arunachali Yak (Bos grunniens) Using Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Region
Authors: Pukhrambam Martina , Dutta Atrayee , Das Pranab Jyoti , Chanda Anesha , Sarkar Mihir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The Arunachali yak (Bos grunniens) is an important breed native to the northeastern Himalayas of India. Understanding its genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships with other bovine species is crucial for effective conservation and breeding strategies. This study investigates the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of Arunachali yak and compares it with other bovines to elucidate these relationships.
Methods
We collected blood samples from 18 Arunachali yak individuals and isolated genomic DNA. The partial mtDNA D-loop region was amplified using PCR and sequenced. Sequences were compared with those from Bos frontalis, Bos gaurus, Bos indicus, Bubalus bubalis, and Capra hircus available in GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed through Neighbor-Joining trees and median-joining networks. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality tests were applied to evaluate population genetic characteristics.
Results
Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clades, with Arunachali yak clustering closely with Bos indicus, and forming a separate branch from other bovine species. Median-joining networks revealed six haplogroups, with Arunachali yak uniquely representing Hap_3. Genetic diversity analysis showed no polymorphism within Arunachali yak, indicating very low genetic variation in the selected animal samples. AMOVA demonstrated significant genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.30053, P < 0.001), with a substantial portion of variation occurring within populations.
Conclusions
The Arunachali yak exhibits a close genetic relationship with Bos indicus, reflecting recent divergence. The study underscores the distinct genetic profile of Arunachali yak and highlights its limited genetic variability. These findings enhance our understanding of bovine evolutionary relationships and emphasize the need for targeted conservation measures to preserve the genetic integrity of Arunachali yak.
An Epidemiologic Surveillance Study Based on Wastewater and Respiratory Specimens Reveals Influenza A Virus Prevalence and Mutations in Taiyuan, China during 2023-2024
Authors: Zhao Lifeng , Xu Jihong , Guo Jiane , Zhang Ping , Guo Xiaofang , Zuo Zhihong , Gao Li , Jia Zhao , Xue Puna , Wang Jitao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We aim to use epidemiology based on wastewater and respiratory specimens to understand the occurrence of influenza A virus infections in Taiyuan city.
Methods
A retrospective epidemiology surveillance was carried out at a designated hospital and five wastewater treatment plants in Taiyuan city from 2023 to 2024. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect influenza A viruses in wastewater and respiratory specimens. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 17 influenza strains obtained in this study, and subsequent analyses included characterization, phylogenetic construction, mutation analysis, and nucleotide diversity assessment.
Results
A total of 520 wastewater samples and 1,203 throat swab samples were collected. We detected RNA concentration from pH1N1 and H3N2 viruses in wastewater and got 17 genome sequences (5 of pH1N1 and 12 of H3N2) in respiratory specimens. Whole-genome sequencing showed co-prevalence of pH1N1 viruses in the branches of 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 and H3N2 viruses in the branches of 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.a in Taiyuan from 2023 to 2024. Moreover, a HA mutation (N138D), predicted to be of high phenotypic consequence, was found in 8 Taiyuan H3N2 sequences.
Conclusion
This study highlights the predominant presence of pH1N1 and H3N2 strains in Taiyuan. The analysis also identified amino acid site variations in the antigenic epitopes, contributing to immune escape.
Novel flavonoid derivatives containing benzothiazole as potential antiviral agents: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Tian Jiao , Hu Chunmei , Wang Yuhong , Zhou Qing , Luo Xingping , Li Jieyu , Pu Haotao , Liu Da , Xue Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A series of flavonol derivatives containing benzothiazole were designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were characterized by NMR and HRMS. The results of the bioactivity assay showed that some of the target compounds possessed outstanding in vivo antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Among them, the median effective concentration (EC50) of L20 was 90.5 µg/mL for curative activities against TMV, which was better than that of ningnanmycin (NNM: 252.0 µg/mL). The microcalorimetric thermophoresis (MST) and molecular docking experiments showed that L20 had a strong binding ability with TMV-CP; the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase assay (SOD) activity measurements also fully confirmed that L20 stimulated the plant immune system and strengthened the plant's resistance to diseases by lowering the MDA content and increasing the SOD activity. In addition, the chlorophyll content test experiment found that L20 could reduce the destructive effect of viruses on chloroplasts, increase the content of chlorophyll, and promote photosynthesis. In conclusion, above experimental results suggested that flavonol derivatives containing benzothiazole could be further investigated as new plant virus antiviral drugs.
Unraveling the proton transfer of cellulose dissolution in aqueous NaOH/Urea solution: insights from thermodynamics by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Cao Wenze , Wu Jinghua , Chen Yu , Ye Jierui , Zhou Lingfeng , Fan Xiaojing , Li Yiwei , Li Jingyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) plays a crucial role in the coordination structure and enthalpy contribution of cellulose dissolution. This paper utilized classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to reveal that NaOH mainly bound to the cellulose chain through electrostatic interaction, which reduced the electrostatic interaction between cellulose and water, but increased the London dispersion interactions between water and cellulose. In addition, the mixing of NaOH solution and cellulose solution was an exothermic process, with the largest contribution coming from cellulose and hydroxide ions (OH−). NaOH also affected the free energy change by reducing the enthalpy change of the system. The hydroxyl group at the C2 losed protons, "temporarily" transforming the molecular chain into a polyelectrolyte. Subsequently, protons were recaptured from the surrounding water molecules to achieve the diffusion of OH− around cellulose. This "activation" phenomenon involving deprotonation followed by reduction can provide additional "reaction enthalpy" for the dissolution of cellulose and increase the free energy of dissolution. With regard to Na+, it complexed with three oxygen atoms (O3, O5 and O6) near the glycosidic bond of cellulose simultaneously, and additionally complexes with around 3 water molecules. The total oxygen coordination number of Na+ on the surface of the cellulose chain was 0.2 more than that of Na+ in the bulk phase, leading to a certain enthalpy reduction effect. This study highlights that the enthalpy effect of NaOH may be a key step in the low-temperature dissolution of cellulose using NaOH solvent, and it may also be a necessary step in the cellulose derivatization reaction process.
Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Achieved After Fertility Treatments with and without Diet-Controlled GDM
Authors: Karen Baraah Abu , Steiner Naama , Rotem Reut , Baumfeld Yael , Weintraub Adi Y. , Eshkoli Tamar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate the rates of adverse perinatal outcomes among women who conceived after fertility treatments with and without diet-controlled GDM.
Methods: In this retrospective population-based cohort study, all pregnancies of non-diabetic and diet-controlled GDM women who conceived after fertility treatments (in-vitro fertilization - IVF and ovulation induction - OI) and delivered between the years 1996-2016 in a tertiary medical center, were included. Pregnancies of women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, and those complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus A2, multiple pregnancies, congenital malformations and those lacking prenatal care, were excluded. Demographical, clinical, and obstetrical characteristics were recorded, and pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to control for confounders. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression to control for potential confounders. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: During the study period, 6,254 deliveries met the inclusion criteria, 10.23% of them (n=640) had diet-controlled GDM. Pregnancies with diet-controlled GDM were found to be associated with significantly higher rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (15.6% vs. 9.8%, p<0.001), polyhydramnios (5.9% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001), and cesarean deliveries (40.8% vs. 31.9%, p<0.001). Diet-controlled GDM was also found to be an independent protective factor against perinatal mortality (aOR=0.22, 95%Cl 0.05-0.92, P=0.04) possibly due to the more intensive monitoring and management typically provided to women undergoing fertility treatments. This close care may mitigate some of the risks associated with ART, leading to improved perinatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Among pregnancies achieved after fertility treatments, diet-controlled GDM was associated with reduced perinatal mortality and higher rates of certain pregnancy complications. These findings highlight the importance of close monitoring and careful management of women with diet-controlled GDM, as it may help mitigate risks associated with ART pregnancies. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these outcomes and to optimize management strategies for this specific population.
Unemployment Insurance and Employment: Evidence from the Lost Wages Assistance Program
Authors: Taj Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In August 2020, the US government introduced the Lost Wages Assistance Program, the purpose was to provide relief to the unemployed workers. Under the program, $300 additional payments were provided in addition to regular UI benefits. Using the Household Pulse Survey, this paper attempts to study the employment effects of the program. I find that a 1% increase in the replacement rate due to LWA was associated with a 4% decrease in the probability of working. Using timing variation, I present the event study results through the Callaway and Sant'anna estimator and find similar negative employment effects. The results are robust to various specifications and statistically significant among the sub-groups as well.
JEL Codes: J21, J22, J65
CrystalX: High-accuracy Crystal Structure Analysis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Zheng Kaipeng , Huang Weiran , Ouyang Wanli , Zhong Han-Sen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Atomic structure analysis of crystalline materials is a paramount endeavor in both chemical and material sciences. This sophisticated technique necessitates not only a solid foundation in crystallography but also a profound comprehension of the intricacies of the accompanying software, posing a significant challenge in meeting the rigorous daily demands. For the first time, we confront this challenge head-on by harnessing the power of deep learning for ultra-precise structural analysis at the full-atom level. To validate the performance of the model, named CrystalX, we employed a vast dataset comprising over 50,000 X-ray diffraction measurements derived from authentic experiments, demonstrating performance that is commensurate with human experts and adept at deciphering intricate geometric patterns. Remarkably, CrystalX revealed that even peer-reviewed publications can harbor errors that are stealthy to human scrutiny, yet CrystalX adeptly rectifies them. This deep learning model revolutionizes the time frame for crystal structure analysis, slashing it down to seconds. It has already been successfully applied in the structure analysis of newly discovered compounds in the latest research without human intervention. Overall, CrystalX marks the beginning of a new era in automating routine structural analysis within self-driving laboratories.
3D Printing of Multiscale Scaffolds with Microtopography for Guiding Tissue Organization and Regeneration
Authors: Ding Yonghui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Engineering biomaterial scaffolds with multiscale structures, integrating anatomically accurate macroscale architecture (millimeters to centimeters) with microtopographic features (sub-microns to tens of microns), is critical for guiding cellular organization and tissue regeneration. However, fabricating such multiscale scaffolds remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional manufacturing techniques and the trade-off between speed and resolution in current 3D printing methods. Here, we present a multiscale micro-continuous liquid interface production (MµCLIP) technique that enables rapid, one-step 3D printing of centimeter-scale scaffolds with spatially tunable microtopography of various sizes and geometries in just a few minutes (up to 1 mm/min). To showcase the versatility of our technique, we printed a one-centimeter-long tubular scaffold with dual microtopographic patterns, i.e. 20 µm axially aligned grooves on the internal surface and 15 µm circumferentially aligned rings on the external surface. These scaffolds induced the simultaneous orientation of vascular endothelial cells along the axial grooves and vascular smooth muscle cells along the circumferential rings, mimicking the orthogonally aligned bilayer architecture of natural arteries. Moreover, the groove patterns significantly accelerated endothelial cell migration, potentially enhancing endothelialization in vascular implants. This approach provides a versatile tool for designing advanced scaffolds and medical devices that harness microtopography to guide tissue organization and enhance regeneration.
Super-fast generation of all-female grass carp via transplantation of female germline stem cell into zebrafish
Authors: Sun Yonghua , Ye Ding , Wang Chaofan , Zhu Junwen , Hao Yongkang , Li Linglu , Li Yongming , Tu Yi-Xuan , Wang Xiaosi , Ren Zhiqin , Wang Houpang , He Mudan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Surrogate reproduction has emerged as a powerful biotechnology in fish breeding, mainly aiming at shortening the maturation period of aquaculture species. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), possesses one of the largest body sizes and highest global production yields in freshwater aquaculture. However, the reproduction and genetic breeding of grass carp are significantly hindered, primarily due to its protracted sexual maturation period of nearly five years and the need for extensive cultivation space. In this study, we develop a super-fast strategy to breed all-female grass carp within half a year, leveraging surrogate production in a small-sized laboratory fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We characterized and purified female germline stem cells (GSCs) from grass carp juvenile ovary at three months post-fertilization, which is the first report of female GSCs in an aquaculture species. The grass carp female GSCs were transplanted into germ cell-depleted zebrafish larvae to generate surrogate zebrafish. The transplanted grass carp female GSCs underwent accelerated spermatogenesis in the zebrafish recipients. Three months after transplantation, the zebrafish recipients developed into males capable of producing all-X sperm derived from donor grass carp female GSCs. When these sperm were fertilized with wildtype grass carp eggs, a population of all-female grass carp was produced. Our study demonstrates that fish female GSCs with XX chromosomes can be differentiated into functional sperm in a short time under the control of zebrafish gonadal somatic niche, which opens a new avenue for precision breeding in aquaculture.
Evaluating water, sanitation, and hygiene in schools of Bangladesh: progress toward SDG compliance
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Shariar Sakib , Rahadujjaman Md. , Hasan Rakibul , Islam Md. Tanvirul , Faysal Ashik , Khan Munir Hayet , Khan Md. Habibur Rahman Bejoy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The availability of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools is essential for a healthy learning environment and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) 4 and 6. Despite its importance, comprehensive studies on drinking water quality, sanitation, and hygiene in schools are scarce. This study explicitly assessed the WASH services and gaps in 43 educational institutions, located in Tongi, Bangladesh, through field and laboratory investigations. Thirteen physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed, and water quality was classified using an Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI). Hygiene and sanitation were evaluated through observations and data from school administrators on water sources, toilets, handwashing facilities, and solid waste management. Results showed that WASH services exceeded the national average, but all schools had dangerously high Escherichia coli levels (mean: 43.95 CFU/100 mL) in drinking water, posing health risks. Additionally, 89.72% of samples showed elevated manganese levels, 35% had high iron, and 41.86% had increased conductivity. About 35% of water was unsuitable for drinking based on IWQI. Schools lacked the capacity to monitor WASH quality, especially drinking water. A strategic framework for safe WASH facilities is recommended. The findings can lead the policymakers to prioritize the improvements in WASH facilities for attaining SDG 6.
Assessment of bacterial diversity in hand rinse, stored and drinking water in low-income neighbourhoods of Ibule-Soro, Nigeria
Authors: Olalemi Adewale Oluwasogo , Ola Hellen Oluwapelumi , Ogundiran Busayo Abiodun , Obileye Emmanuel Aduralere 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The microbiological quality of hand rinse, stored and drinking water in selected households in Ibule-Soro, Nigeria was assessed for six months. Culture-based, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and molecular methods were used to identify culturable and non-culturable bacterial species in the water samples. The results revealed that bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were predominant in the water samples. The order Sphingomonadales had the highest read count of 5,065 with 30.60%. The highest mean bacterial loads include Klebsiella (3.60 log10 cfu/100 mL) in hand rinse water, E. coli (3.62 log10 cfu/100 mL) in stored water and Enterobacter (2.60 log10 cfu/100 mL) in the drinking water. While E. coli had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence of 19.9% in drinking water, Klebsiella had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence of 29 and 23.6% in hand rinse and stored water, respectively. The findings of this study provided a more comprehensive understanding of the microbiome of household hand rinse, stored and drinking water. The high load of enteric bacteria in the hand rinse water suggests poor hand hygiene practices. Stored and drinking water must be treated before consumption to protect residents from potential risks of gastrointestinal illnesses.
Agricultural Contribution of Chloride to a Saturated Riparian Buffer System: A Case Study in Central Illinois
Authors: Commander Okiemute , Peterson Eric W. , Perry William L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Increases in chloride concentrations in surface water and groundwater from anthropogenic sources is a growing concern throughout the world. In the midwestern United States, the agriculture contribution of chloride may elevate concentrations in surface and groundwater systems. A saturated riparian buffer (SRB), installed to reduce nutrient input into an adjacent stream, and the groundwater water upgradient were investigated to identify sources of chloride and to quantify the agricultural contribution. During a 7-year period, over 2,200 water samples collected from 35 wells, a diversion box, and a stream were analyzed for major anions. Additionally, the waters from four quarterly (seasonal) samplings (n = 155) during the seventh year were analyzed for cations. A cumulative probability curve identified three populations of chloride: (1) upgradient shallow groundwater; (2) diversion box (waters drained from an agricultural field), downgradient shallow groundwater (representing the SRB), diamicton groundwater (waters collected deeper from within the unweathered parent material); and (3) stream water. A background chloride concentration was established at 3.9 mg/L. Elevated concentrations above the background level coupled with principal component analysis suggest agricultural contribution from the diverted tile-drainage waters was a source of chloride. In winter and spring, chloride concentrations were highest in the diversion box, while up-gradient wells were the lowest. Waters downgradient of the diversion tiles had chloride concentrations lower than the tile but higher than the upgradient waters due to mixing of the diverted tile water and the upgradient groundwater. For the specific site, agriculture contributes chloride, but at concentrations below the chronic threshold of 230 mg/L.