bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Simulated Convective Bursts in Two Atlantic Hurricanes. Part II: Intensity Change due to Bursts
Authors: Hazelton Andrew T. , Hart Robert E. , Rogers Robert F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates convective burst (CB) evolution in Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations of two tropical cyclones (TCs), focusing on the relationship between CBs and TC intensity change. Analysis of intensity change in the simulations shows that there are more CBs inside the radius of maximum winds (RMW) during times when the TCs are about to intensify, while weakening/steady times are associated with more CBs outside the RMW, consistent with past observational and theoretical studies. The vertical mass flux distributions show greater vertical mass flux at upper levels both from weaker updrafts and CBs for intensifying cases. The TC simulations are further dissected by past intensity change, and times of sustained intensification have more CBs than times when the TC has been weakening but then intensifies. This result suggests that CB development may not always be predictive of intensification, but rather may occur as a result of ongoing intensification and contribute to ongoing intensification. Abrupt short-term intensification is found to be associated with an even higher density of CBs inside the RMW than is slower intensification. Lag correlations between CBs and intensity reveal a broad peak, with the CBs leading pressure falls by 0–3 h. These relationships are further confirmed by analysis of individual simulation periods, although the relationship can vary depending on environmental conditions and the previous evolution of the TC. These results show that increased convection due to both weak updrafts and CBs inside the RMW is favorable for sustained TC intensification and show many details of the typical short-term response of the TC core to CBs.
Tracking Mesoscale Pressure Perturbations Using the USArray Transportable Array
Authors: Jacques Alexander A. , Horel John D. , Crosman Erik T. , Vernon Frank L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMesoscale convective phenomena induce pressure perturbations that can alter the strength and magnitude of surface winds, precipitation, and other sensible weather, which, in some cases, can inflict injuries and damage to property. This work extends prior research to identify and characterize mesoscale pressure features using a unique resource of 1-Hz pressure observations available from the USArray Transportable Array (TA) seismic field campaign.A two-dimensional variational technique is used to obtain 5-km surface pressure analysis grids every 5 min from 1 March to 31 August 2011 from the TA observations and gridded surface pressure from the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis over a swath of the central United States. Bandpass-filtering and feature-tracking algorithms are employed to isolate, identify, and assess prominent mesoscale pressure perturbations and their properties. Two case studies, the first involving mesoscale convective systems and the second using a solitary gravity wave, are analyzed using additional surface observation and gridded data resources. Summary statistics for tracked features during the period reviewed indicate a majority of perturbations last less than 3 h, produce maximum perturbation magnitudes between 2 and 5 hPa, and move at speeds ranging from 15 to 35 m s−1. The results of this study combined with improvements nationwide in real-time access to pressure observations at subhourly reporting intervals highlight the potential for improved detection and nowcasting of high-impact mesoscale weather features.
The effectiveness of acute normolvolemic hemodilution and autologous prime on intraoperative blood management during cardiac surgery
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Mongero Linda B. , Tesdahl Eric , Stasko Andrew , Weinstein Samuel 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Intraoperative blood management during cardiac surgery is a multifaceted process incorporating various interventions directed at optimizing oxygen delivery and enhancing hemostasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and autologous priming (AP) on preserving the hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Method: Case records from a national registry of adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January and October 2016 were reviewed. Groups were determined as follows: ANH, AP, ANH+AP or Neither. Primary endpoint was first the hematocrit on CPB with secondary endpoints of hematocrit drift and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rate. Results: Eighteen thousand and twenty-four (18,024) consecutive patients were reviewed. The first CPB hematocrit was lowest in the ANH group (26.5%±4.4%) and highest in ANH+AP patients (27.5%±4.8%) (p<0.001). The change in hematocrit was greatest in the ANH group (8.3%±3.9%) compared to both the AP (6.4%±3.8%) and ANH+AP (6.9%±4.1%) groups (p<0.001). Intraoperative RBC transfusions were as follows: ANH 26 (7.8%), AP 2,531 (20.0%), ANH+AP 287 (10.3%) and Neither 592 (26.7%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Regression results show that the use of ANH will result in the greatest decline in hematocrit values. When combined with AP, higher hematocrits and lower transfusions were seen.
Comparison of Bronchoscopy-Guided and Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy: Safety, Complications, and Effectiveness in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Sarıtaş Aykut , Kurnaz Muhammed M. 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To compare the efficacy, safety, and incidence of complications between fiber-optic bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (FOB-PDT) and ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (US-PDT) and to determine whether US-PDT is a viable alternative to FOB-PDT. Methods: This randomized prospective study was carried out in 80 patients who were randomly divided into US-PDT and FOB-PDT groups. Demographic data and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), procedure duration, hemorrhage status, complications, procedure difficulty, displacement of entry location after US, and hemodynamic data were evaluated in both groups. Tracheal incision was performed with real-time US and a transverse probe position in the out-of-plane mode. Results: No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of demographic data, oral intubation time, APACHE II values, difficulty of the procedure, or the number of needle interventions ( P > .05). The mean hemorrhage ratio of the FOB-PDT group was significantly higher than that of the US-PDT group ( P < .05). The entry location was changed in 6 patients in the US-PDT group following neck examination with US. The mean duration of the procedure for the FOB-PDT group was significantly longer than that for the US-PDT group ( P < .05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is a safe procedure for critically ill patients and has the advantages of a low complication rate, short duration of procedure, being informative with regard to neck anatomy, and facilitating prevention of vascular puncture. Thus, US-PDT can be used as an alternative to FOB-PDT.
The Effects of Specialization and Sex on Anterior Y-Balance Performance in High School Athletes
Authors: Miller Madeline M. , Trapp Jessica L. , Post Eric G. , Trigsted Stephanie M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Brooks M. Alison , Bell David R. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Sport specialization and movement asymmetry have been separately discussed as potential risk factors for lower extremity injury. Early specialization may lead to the development of movement asymmetries that can predispose an athlete to injury, but this has not been thoroughly examined. Hypothesis: Athletes rated as specialized would exhibit greater between-limb anterior reach asymmetry and decreased anterior reach distance on the Y-balance test (YBT) as compared with nonspecialized high school athletes, and these differences would not be dependent on sex. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Two hundred ninety-five athletes (117 male, 178 female; mean age, 15.6 ± 1.2 years) from 2 local high schools participating in basketball, soccer, volleyball, and tennis responded to a questionnaire regarding sport specialization status and performed trials of the YBT during preseason testing. Specialization was categorized according to 3 previously utilized specialization classification methods (single/multisport, 3-point scale, and 6-point scale), and interactions between specialization and sex with Y-balance performance were calculated using 2-way analyses of variance. Results: Single-sport male athletes displayed greater anterior reach asymmetry than other interaction groups. A consistent main effect was observed for sex, with men displaying greater anterior asymmetry and decreased anterior reach distance than women. However, the interaction effects of specialization and sex on anterior Y-balance performance varied based on the classification method used. Conclusion: Single-sport male athletes displayed greater anterior reach asymmetry on the YBT than multisport and female athletes. Specialization classification method is important because the 6- and 3-point scales may not accurately identify balance abnormalities. Male athletes performed worse than female athletes on both of the Y-balance tasks. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware that single-sport male athletes may display deficits in dynamic balance, potentially increasing their risk of injury.
Evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, for the treatment of overactive bladder: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Fest Joy , Pfalzgraf Daniel , Weiss Christel , Hetjens Svetlana 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition affecting approximately 11% of individuals worldwide. One of the newest treatment options for OAB symptoms is mirabegron. The objective of this network meta-analysis is to evaluate the extent of the efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron compared both to placebo and first-line anticholinergic pharmacotherapies. Methods: Articles were identified through the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases using the search term ‘mirabegron’. All original, prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind clinical trials studying mirabegron in adults receiving initial treatment for OAB were included. Efficacy was assessed based on outcome variables and responder data. Tolerability was evaluated for reported adverse events. Results: Thirteen studies including a total of 13,333 individuals were included. Mirabegron demonstrated better efficacy compared to placebo and tolterodine extended release 4 mg. Compared to placebo, the incidence of tachycardia and nasopharyngitis was greater with mirabegron 50 mg, and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia was greater in 100 mg treatment groups. Mirabegron 100 mg also demonstrated a lower incidence of cardiac arrhythmia compared to tolterodine. Conclusions: The current study presents new information that may affect patient-centred strategies for the management of OAB, with a particular concern for cardiovascular safety.
Impact of linear correlation on construction project performance using stochastic linear scheduling
Authors: Eiris Pereira Ricardo , Flood Ian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background
In the construction industry, the productivity of all trades is directly impacted by uncertainty and variability. For repetitive projects, smooth work flow of productive resources is necessary to minimize or eliminate interruptions and idle time with the objective of reducing costs. An ideal or near optimal solution requires careful planning of the sequence, timing and resource allocations for each activity. Earlier research has demonstrated that uncertainty in the duration of repeated activities can have a significant impact on what is determined to be the optimum project plan. This suggests that correlation in the duration of repeated activities (where durations are stochastic) may also be important in determining the most favorable plan.

Methods
This study assesses the significance of correlation in this respect, using a Linear Scheduling framework for modeling repetitive construction work. Numerical and graphical results are used in a case study to evaluate and compare the optimal solution derived for both deterministic and stochastic environments. For the stochastic environment, a range of levels of correlation are considered using linear correlation between immediate successor repetitions of an activity.

Results
The results provide insight into the effects of different degrees of correlation on the expected project duration, cost, crew and equipment idle times and interruptions. The correlation level has effects that translate into performance tradeoffs depending on the initial plan assumptions applied to the activities.

Conclusions
The impact of full correlation on the optimality of a project plan was found, on average, to introduce idle time to crews equal to 7% of their active time, and to cause avoidable delays to the completion of a project equal to 12% of the project duration. The authors believe these inefficiencies justify further investigation of the impact of correlation on construction projects, including the development of more sophisticated models of correlation.
Does medical school research productivity predict a resident's research productivity during residency?
Authors: Kohlert Scott , Zuccaro Laura , McLean Laurie , Macdonald Kristian 
Published: April 2017

Background Research productivity is an important component of the CanMEDS Scholar role and is an accreditation requirement of Canadian Otolaryngology training programs. Our objective was to determine if an association exists between publication rates before and during Otolaryngology residency. Methods We obtained the names for all certified Canadian Otolaryngologists who graduated between 1998 and 2013 inclusive, and conducted a Medline search for all of their publications. Otolaryngologists were subgrouped based on year of residency graduation and the number of articles published pre-residency and during residency (0 or ≥1). Chi-squared analyses were used to evaluate whether publications pre-residency and year of graduation were associated with publications during residency. Results We obtained data for 312 Canadian Otolaryngologists. Of those 312 graduates, 46 (14.7%) had no identifiable publications on PubMed and were excluded from the final data analysis. Otolaryngology residents had a mean 0.65 (95% CI 0.50-0.80) publications before residency and 3.35 (95% CI 2.90-3.80) publications during residency. Between 1998 and 2013, mean publication rates before and during residency both increased significantly ( R2 = 0.594 and R2 = 0.759, respectively), whereas publication rates after residency graduation has stagnated ( R2 = 0.023). The odds of publishing during residency was 5.85 times higher (95% CI 2.69-12.71) if a resident published prior to residency ( p < 0.0001). The Spearman correlation coefficient between publications before and during residency is 0.472 ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion Residents who publish at least one paper before residency are nearly six times as likely to publish during residency than those who did not publish before residency. These findings may help guide Otolaryngology program selection committees in ranking the best CaRMS candidates.
An evaluation of Emergency Management of Severe Burn (EMSB) course in Bangladesh: a strategic direction
Authors: Biswas Animesh , Rahman Fazlur , Maitz Peter , Baset Kamran Ul , Hossain Jahangir , Mashreky Saidur Rahman 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
Burn is one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. Specialized personnel and technologies are required, however, in many cases they are not readily available. Taking the situation into account, Interplast Australia and New Zealand, Australia & New Zealand Burn Association (ANZBA), and Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) initiated Emergency Management of Severe Burn (EMSB) training programme for Bangladeshi physicians in 2008 to help improving their burn management skill. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of EMSB programme in Bangladesh.

Methods
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain quantitative information from 38 randomly selected EMSB-trained doctors among 380 trained physicians based on a five year database of EMSB (2008-2012). In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussion (FGD) were used as data collection techniques to get information.

Results
A total of 32 participants completed the interview. It was found that 87.5% (n=28) doctors were using their skill in burn management that they learnt from the EMSB course. About 43.8% (n=14) doctors felt that the course largely helped improve their confidence. Majority (56.2%, n=18) of doctors stated EMSB is essential for the Bangladeshi doctors to learn better management of burns. Qualitative findings show that the courses were organized successfully with an excellent coordination, maintaining same quality and standard as running anywhere in the world. For its effectiveness, the course has been recommended to train graduate nurses and junior doctors from the periphery of the country.

Conclusions
EMSB has already created a large doctor community who are able to effectively manage burn patients. It also has proven its indispensability for learning burn management skill. The EMSB established a platform to serve the burn victims and reduce the burden of injuries in Bangladesh.
Women's Suffrage, the Anti-Chinese Campaigns, and Gendered Ideals in Sonora, Mexico, 1917–1925
Authors: Augustine-Adams Kif 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSonoran women who organized anti-Chinese auxiliaries in the immediate postrevolutionary years participated in Mexican women's movement into the public sphere from a more constrained role in the private spaces of home and church. While a particular ideal of womanhood imposed on women a duty to defend country, race, and gender—increasingly in the public sphere—the lack of suffrage constrained women's political participation. At least two Sonoran women, María de Jesús Váldez and Emélida Carrillo, imagined the vote for women, a vision in which women's suffrage depended on and was instrumental to racial hierarchy and discrimination against Chinese. As leaders of anti-Chinese committees, chineras, pelonas, voters in newspaper contests, and Independence Day Queens, Sonoran women acted both within and against evolving notions of ideal Mexican womanhood, an ideal that was gendered, racialized, and classist. Women's anti-Chinese activism in Sonora complicates the story of women's enfranchisement in Sonora.
“Land to the Original Owners”: Rethinking the Indigenous Politics of the Bolivian Agrarian Reform
Authors: Soliz Carmen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhen analyzing the effects of the 1952 Bolivian Revolution in the countryside, scholars have highlighted the political role of the colonos (tenants) and the extended program of land redistribution of large estates that started soon after the government decreed the agrarian reform. None of these studies have looked at the distinct political agenda led by comunarios—members of independent Indian communities—who had lost their lands to latifundio expansion. Uneasy with the government agenda that proclaimed land for those who work it, they petitioned restitution of their communal property rights, proclaiming “land to the original owners.” Revisionist scholars in the 1980s and 1990s, critical of the revolution, argued that the nationalist party eroded communal property rights. This article demonstrates that comunario political action after the revolution not only succeeded in reshaping the government agrarian agenda but also used the new legislation to regain lands lost to hacienda landlords since the late nineteenth century.
Regulation of myogenesis by environmental hypoxia
Authors: Beaudry Michèle , Hidalgo Magdalena , Launay Thierry , Bello Valérie , Darribère Thierry 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
In aerobic organisms, oxygen is a critical factor for tissue and organ morphogenesis from embryonic development throughout the adult life. It regulates various intracellular pathways involved in cellular metabolism, proliferation, cell survival and fate. Organisms or tissues rapidly respond to changes in oxygen availability by activating complex signalling networks, which culminate in the control of mRNA translation and/or gene expression. This Commentary presents the effects of hypoxia during embryonic development, myoblasts and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates. We also outline the relationship between Notch, Wnt and growth factor signalling pathways, as well as the post-transcriptional regulation of myogenesis under conditions of hypoxia.
Human prostate luminal cell differentiation requires NOTCH3 induction by p38-MAPK and MYC
Authors: Frank Sander B. , Berger Penny L. , Ljungman Mats , Miranti Cindy K. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Many pathways dysregulated in prostate cancer are also involved in epithelial differentiation. To better understand prostate tumor initiation, we sought to investigate specific genes and mechanisms required for normal basal to luminal cell differentiation. Utilizing human prostate basal epithelial cells and an in vitro differentiation model, we tested the hypothesis that regulation of NOTCH3 by the p38 MAPK family (hereafter p38-MAPK), via MYC, is required for luminal differentiation. Inhibition (SB202190 and BIRB796) or knockdown of p38α (also known as MAPK14) and/or p38δ (also known as MAPK13) prevented proper differentiation. Additionally, treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (RO4929097) or knockdown of NOTCH1 and/or NOTCH3 greatly impaired differentiation and caused luminal cell death. Constitutive p38-MAPK activation through MKK6(CA) increased NOTCH3 (but not NOTCH1) mRNA and protein levels, which was diminished upon MYC inhibition (10058-F4 and JQ1) or knockdown. Furthermore, we validated two NOTCH3 enhancer elements through a combination of enhancer (e)RNA detection (BruUV-seq) and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, we found that the NOTCH3 mRNA half-life increased during differentiation or upon acute p38-MAPK activation. These results reveal a new connection between p38-MAPK, MYC and NOTCH signaling, demonstrate two mechanisms of NOTCH3 regulation and provide evidence for NOTCH3 involvement in prostate luminal cell differentiation.
Predictably Angry—Facial Cues Provide a Credible Signal of Destructive Behavior
Authors: van Leeuwen Boris , Noussair Charles N. , Offerman Theo , Suetens Sigrid , van Veelen Matthijs , van de Ven Jeroen 
Published: April 2017

Evolutionary explanations of anger as a commitment device hinge on two key assumptions. The first is that it is predictable, ex ante, whether someone will get angry when feeling that he or she has been badly treated. The second is that anger is associated with destructive behavior. We test the validity of these two assumptions. We collected photos of responders in an ultimatum game before they were informed about the game that they would be playing, and we filmed responders with webcams during play. We then showed pairs of photos consisting of one responder who rejected and one responder who accepted (a low offer) to an independent group of observers. We find that observers are better than chance at detecting who rejected the low offer; they do 10% better than random guessing would. We also find that anger at receiving a low offer is associated with rejection. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2727 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.