bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat heterogeneity drives the host‐diversity‐begets‐parasite‐diversity relationship: evidence from experimental and field studies
Authors: Johnson Pieter T. J. , Wood Chelsea L. , Joseph Maxwell B. , Preston Daniel L. , Haas Sarah E. , Springer Yuri P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite a century of research into the factors that generate and maintain biodiversity, we know remarkably little about the drivers of parasite diversity. To identify the mechanisms governing parasite diversity, we combined surveys of 8100 amphibian hosts with an outdoor experiment that tested theory developed for free‐living species. Our analyses revealed that parasite diversity increased consistently with host diversity due to habitat (i.e. host) heterogeneity, with secondary contributions from parasite colonisation and host abundance. Results of the experiment, in which host diversity was manipulated while parasite colonisation and host abundance were fixed, further reinforced this conclusion. Finally, the coefficient of host diversity on parasite diversity increased with spatial grain, which was driven by differences in their species–area curves: while host richness quickly saturated, parasite richness continued to increase with neighbourhood size. These results offer mechanistic insights into drivers of parasite diversity and provide a hierarchical framework for multi‐scale disease research.
Low dose of methyltestosterone in ovariectomised rats improves baroreflex sensitivity without geno‐ and cytotoxicity
Authors: Terra Denise G. , de Lima Ewelyne M. , do Nascimento Andrews M. , Brasil Girlandia A. , Filete Placielle F. , Kalil Ieda C. , Lenz Dominik , Endringer Denise C. , Bissoli Nazaré S. , de Andrade Tadeu U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of the isolated use of a low dose of methyltestosterone (MT) on cardiovascular reflexes and hormonal levels and its geno‐ and cytotoxic safety in ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), respectively: SHAM (received vehicle methylcellulose 0.5%), SHAM + MT (received MT 0.05 mg/kg), OVX (received vehicle), and OVX + MT (received MT). Twenty‐one days after ovariectomy, treatment was given orally daily for 28 days. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex (BJR) was analyzed by measuring the bradycardic and hypotensive responses elicited by phenylbiguanide (PBG) administration. The baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was evaluated by phenylephrine and sodium nitroprussite. Myocyte hypertrophy was determined by morphometric analysis of H&E stained slides. Biochemical data were analyzed, as well as micronucleus assay. MT improved BRS and increased testosterone values, but did not change estradiol in the OVX group. MT did not promote changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, BJR, serum concentrations of troponin I, weight and histopathology of the heart. MT was able to restore the BRS in OVX rats. The geno‐ and cytotoxic safety of the MT was demonstrated by the absence of an increase in the micronucleus (PCEMN) or change in the ratio between normochromatic erythrocytes and polychromatic erythrocytes (NCE/PCE).
Chronic oral administration of low‐dose combination of fenofibrate and rosuvastatin protects the rat heart against experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Garg Monika , Khanna Deepa , Kalra Sanjeev , Balakumar Pitchai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFenofibrate and rosuvastatin at low doses might have experimental pleiotropic benefits. This study investigated the combined effect of low doses of fenofibrate and rosuvastatin in isoproterenol‐induced experimental myocardial infarction. Rats administered isoproterenol (85 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 2 days (day 29 and day 30) of 30 days experimental protocol developed significant myocardial infarction that was accompanied with high myocardial oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, elevated serum markers of cardiac injury, lipid abnormalities, and elevated circulatory levels of C‐reactive protein. Pretreatment with low doses of fenofibrate (30 mg/kg/day p.o., 30 days) and rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg/day p.o., 30 days) both alone or in combination markedly prevented isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction and associated abnormalities while the low‐dose combination of fenofibrate and rosuvastatin was more effective. Histopathological study in isoproterenol control rat heart showed necrosis with edema and acute inflammation at the margins of necrotic area. The rat heart from low‐dose fenofibrate and rosuvastatin pretreated group showed scanty inflammation and no ischemia. In conclusion, fenofibrate and rosuvastatin pretreatment in low doses might have a therapeutic potential to prevent the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. Moreover, their combined treatment option might offer superior therapeutic benefits via a marked reduction in myocardial infarct size and oxidative stress, suggesting a possibility of their pleiotropic cardioprotective action at low doses.
Complex patterns in fossilized stromatolites revealed by hyperspectral imaging (400–2496 nm)
Authors: Murphy R. J. , Van Kranendonk M. J. , Kelloway S. J. , Wainwright I. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHyperspectral imaging (400–2496 nm) was used to quantitatively map surface textures and compositional variations in stromatolites to determine whether complexity of textures could be used as evidence to support biogenicity in the absence of preserved biomarkers. Four samples of 2.72–2.4 Ga stromatolites from a variety of settings, encompassing marine and lacustrine environments, were selected for hyperspectral imaging. Images of the sawn surfaces of samples were processed to identify reflectance and mineral absorption features and quantify their intensity (as an index of mineral abundance) using automated feature extraction. Amounts of ferrous iron were quantified using a ratio of reflectance at 1650 and 1299 nm. Visible near infrared imagery (400–970 nm) did not reveal additional textural patterns to those obtained from visual inspection. Shortwave infrared imagery (1000–2496 nm), however, revealed complex laminar and convoluted patterns, including a distinctive texture of sharp peaks and broad, low troughs in one sample, similar to living tufted microbial mats. Spectral analysis revealed another sample to be composed of dolomite. Two other samples were dominated by calcite or chlorite ± illite. Large variations in amounts of ferrous iron were found, but ferric iron was exclusively located in the oxidation crust. Hyperspectral imaging revealed large differences between parts of a sample of biogenic and non‐biogenic origin. The former was characterized by calcite with varying amounts of ferrous iron, distributed in lenticular, convoluted patterns; the latter by Mg‐Fe chlorite with large amounts of aluminium silicate, distributed as fine laminar layers. All minerals identified by hyperspectral imaging were confirmed by thin section petrography and XRD analyses. Spatial statistics generated from quantitative minerals maps showed different patterns between these different parts of the sample. Thus, hyperspectral imaging was shown to be a powerful tool for detecting structures in stromatolites that could be used, together with other lines of evidence, to support biogenicity.
Models for predicting enteric methane emissions from dairy cows in North America, Europe, and Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Appuhamy Jayasooriya A. D. R. N. , France James , Kebreab Ermias 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere are several models in the literature for predicting enteric methane (CH4) emissions. These models were often developed on region or country‐specific data and may not be able to predict the emissions successfully in every region. The majority of extant models require dry matter intake (DMI) of individual animals, which is not routinely measured. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate performance of extant models in predicting enteric CH4 emissions from dairy cows in North America (NA), Europe (EU), and Australia and New Zealand (AUNZ) and (ii) explore the performance using estimated DMI. Forty extant models were challenged on 55, 105, and 52 enteric CH4 measurements (g per lactating cow per day) from NA, EU, and AUNZ, respectively. The models were ranked using root mean square prediction error as a percentage of the average observed value (RMSPE) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). A modified model of Nielsen et al. (Acta Agriculturae Scand Section A, 63, 2013 and 126) using DMI, and dietary digestible neutral detergent fiber and fatty acid contents as predictor variables, were ranked highest in NA (RMSPE = 13.1% and CCC = 0.78). The gross energy intake‐based model of Yan et al. (Livestock Production Science, 64, 2000 and 253) and the updated IPCC Tier 2 model were ranked highest in EU (RMSPE = 11.0% and CCC = 0.66) and AUNZ (RMSPE = 15.6% and CCC = 0.75), respectively. DMI of cows in NA and EU was estimated satisfactorily with body weight and fat‐corrected milk yield data (RMSPE < 12.0% and CCC > 0.60). Using estimated DMI, the Nielsen et al. (2013) (RMSPE = 12.7 and CCC = 0.79) and Yan et al. (2000) (RMSPE = 13.7 and CCC = 0.50) models still predicted emissions in respective regions well. Enteric CH4 emissions from dairy cows can be predicted successfully (i.e., RMSPE < 15%), if DMI can be estimated with reasonable accuracy (i.e., RMSPE < 10%).
Naturally nonanemic dialysis patients: Who are they?
Authors: Yilmaz Murvet , Kircelli Fatih , Artan Ayse Serra , Oto Ozgur , Asci Gulay , Gunestepe Kutay , Basci Ali , Ok Ercan , Sever Mehmet Sukru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction Not only anemia, but also erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA)s for treating anemia may adversely affect prognosis of chronic hemodialysis patients. Various features of naturally (with no ESA usage) nonanemic patients may be useful for defining several factors in the pathogenesis of anemia.Methods Data, retrieved from the European Clinical Database (EuCliD)‐Turkey on naturally nonanemic prevalent chronic hemodialysis patients (n: 201) were compared with their anemic (those who required ESA treatment) counterparts (n: 3948).Findings Mean hemoglobin values were 13.5 ± 0.8 and 11.5 ± 0.9 g/dL in nonanemic and anemic patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Nonanemia status was associated with younger age, male gender, longer dialysis vintage, nondiabetic status, more frequent hepatitis‐C virus seropositivity and more frequent arteriovenous fistula usage. Serum ferritin and CRP levels and urea reduction ratio were higher in ESA‐requiring patients. One (99%) and two (95.3%) years survival rates of the “naturally nonanemic” patients were superior as compared to anemics (91.0% and 82.6%, respectively), (P < 0.001).Discussion “Naturally nonanemic” status is associated with better survival in prevalent chronic hemodialysis patients; underlying mechanisms in this favorable outcome should be investigated by randomized controlled trials including large number of patients.
The entrepreneurship Beveridge curve
Authors: Gries Thomas , Jungblut Stefan , Naudé Wim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe rate of creation and failure of start‐up firms can be modeled as a search and matching process as in labor market matching models. Setting out an endogenous growth model with entrepreneurship, we derive an entrepreneurship Beveridge curve. We use this to illustrate that whether or not a start‐up is successful depends on the efficiency with which entrepreneurial abilities are matched with business opportunities. The entrepreneurship Beveridge curve is a potentially useful analytical contribution to the formalization of the economics of entrepreneurship. We identify a number of extensions and applications.
A mathematical modeling approach to optimize composite parts placement in autoclave
Authors: Dios M. , Gonzalez‐R P.L. , Dios D. , Maffezzoli A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe role of composite materials in the development of new advanced products for many industrial applications is strictly dependent on the reduction of materials and processing costs. High‐performance composites are usually manufactured utilizing prepregs for lamination and an autoclave, where the curing process of the thermosetting matrix is completed by increasing temperature and pressure. Several composite parts are commonly cured in the same autoclave leading to nonuniform thermal histories, which depend on their position inside the autoclave, and on the thermal inertia of parts. In this paper, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model to optimize the composite part placement into an autoclave. The main decision variables determine the orientation and placement of parts in the autoclave, while the objective function is formulated to minimize the maximum overexposure of the curing process. The validity for practical use of our model has been tested on a set of real cases.
Review of metaheuristics applied to heat exchanger network design
Authors: Toimil Daniel , Gómez Alberto 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHeat exchanger networks (HENs) are a useful method of reducing the energy costs and environmental impact of industrial processes. Therefore, many papers focusing on solving HEN design problems efficiently have been published in the last years and several techniques have been proposed for their solution. The high complexity of the problem has led to an increment in the number of papers that use metaheuristics to solve it. The main reason is the capability of metaheuristics to handle complex problems in a feasible computational time. Additionally, this approach can easily take into account investment costs, and it offers more flexibility in the definition of the objective function and problem restrictions. In this paper, we review the most relevant papers that use metaheuristic techniques to resolve the HEN design problem. We also propose a method for grouping the different analyzed metaheuristics. It is based on a series of characteristics that allows the correct characterization of the different approaches.
Essential oils and metal ions as alternative antimicrobial agents: a focus on tea tree oil and silver
Authors: Low Wan‐Li , Kenward Ken , Britland Stephen T , Amin Mohd CIM , Martin Claire 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe increasing occurrence of hospital‐acquired infections and the emerging problems posed by antibiotic‐resistant microbial strains have both contributed to the escalating cost of treatment. The presence of infection at the wound site can potentially stall the healing process at the inflammatory stage, leading to the development of a chronic wound. Traditional wound treatment regimes can no longer cope with the complications posed by antibiotic‐resistant strains; hence, there is a need to explore the use of alternative antimicrobial agents. Pre‐antibiotic compounds, including heavy metal ions and essential oils, have been re‐investigated for their potential use as effective antimicrobial agents. Essential oils have potent antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and other beneficial therapeutic properties. Similarly, heavy metal ions have also been used as disinfecting agents because of their broad spectrum activities. Both of these alternative antimicrobials interact with many different intracellular components, thereby resulting in the disruption of vital cell functions and eventually cell death. This review will discuss the application of essential oils and heavy metal ions, particularly tea tree oil and silver ions, as alternative antimicrobial agents for the treatment of chronic, infected wounds.
Behavioral Interventions Targeting Chronic Pain, Depression, and Substance Use Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Barrett Kathleen , Chang Yu‐Ping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic pain, depression, and substance use disorder (SUD) are often treated in primary care settings. An estimated 52% of patients have a diagnosis of chronic pain, 5% to 13% have depression, and 19% have SUD. These estimates are likely low when considering the fact that 50% of primary care patients with depression and 65% with SUD are undiagnosed or do not seek help. These three conditions have overlapping neurophysiological processes, which complicate the treatment outcomes of a primary physical illness. Behavioral interventions have been widely utilized as adjunctive treatments, yet little is known about what types of behavioral interventions were effective to treat these comorbidities. This systematic review aimed to identify behavioral interventions targeting chronic pain, depression, and SUD in primary care settings.MethodsThe Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, using a behavioral intervention, involving adults with at least two of the three conditions.ResultsThis search yielded 1,862 relevant records, and six articles met final selection criteria. A total of 696 participants were studied. Behavioral interventions varied in content, format, and duration. Mindfulness Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Interpersonal Psychotherapy adapted for pain (IPT‐P), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) showed promising improvements across all studies, albeit with small to moderate effects.ConclusionsMORE, ACT, and CBT combined with mindfulness and Motivational Interviewing had the most promising results for treating chronic pain, depression, and SUD in various combinations in primary care settings.Clinical RelevanceThe evidence is mounting that behavioral interventions such as mindfulness‐based or cognitive‐behavioral interventions are effective strategies for managing patients with comorbidities of chronic pain, depression, and SUD in primary care. Integrated delivery of behavioral interventions via group sessions, computers, and smart phones may increase patient access to treatment; save time and cost; reduce stigma, patient distress, family burden, and healthcare fragmentation; and provide a ray of hope to amplify conventional treatments.
Transitioning adolescent and young adults with chronic disease and/or disabilities from paediatric to adult care services – an integrative review
Authors: Zhou Huaqiong , Roberts Pamela , Dhaliwal Satvinder , Della Phillip 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThis paper aims to provide an updated comprehensive review of the research‐based evidence related to the transitions of care process for adolescents and young adults with chronic illness/disabilities since 2010.BackgroundTransitioning adolescent and young adults with chronic disease and/or disabilities to adult care services is a complex process, which requires coordination and continuity of health care. The quality of the transition process not only impacts on special health care needs of the patients, but also their psychosocial development. Inconsistent evidence was found regarding the process of transitioning adolescent and young adults.DesignAn integrative review was conducted using a five‐stage process: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation.MethodsA search was carried out using the EBSCOhost, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and AustHealth, from 2010 to 31 October 2014. The key search terms were (adolescent or young adult) AND (chronic disease or long‐term illness/conditions or disability) AND (transition to adult care or continuity of patient care or transfer or transition).ResultsA total of 5719 records were initially identified. After applying the inclusion criteria a final 61 studies were included. Six main categories derived from the data synthesis process are Timing of transition; Perceptions of the transition; Preparation for the transition; Patients’ outcomes post‐transition; Barriers to the transition; and Facilitating factors to the transition. A further 15 subcategories also surfaced.ConclusionsIn the last five years, there has been improvement in health outcomes of adolescent and young adults post‐transition by applying a structured multidisciplinary transition programme, especially for patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes. However, overall patients’ outcomes after being transited to adult health care services, if recorded, have remained poor both physically and psychosocially. An accurate tracking mechanism needs to be established by stakeholders as a formal channel to monitor patients’ outcomes post‐ transition.
The chlorine isotopic composition of Martian meteorites 1: Chlorine isotope composition of Martian mantle and crustal reservoirs and their interactions
Authors: Williams J. T. , Shearer C. K. , Sharp Z. D. , Burger P. V. , McCubbin F. M. , Santos A. R. , Agee C. B. , McKeegan K. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Martian meteorites record a wide diversity of environments, processes, and ages. Much work has been done to decipher potential mantle sources for Martian magmas and their interactions with crustal and surface environments. Chlorine isotopes provide a unique opportunity to assess interactions between Martian mantle‐derived magmas and the crust. We have measured the Cl‐isotopic composition of 17 samples that span the range of known ages, Martian environments, and mantle reservoirs. The 37Cl of the Martian mantle, as represented by the olivine‐phyric shergottites, NWA 2737 (chassignite), and Shergotty (basaltic shergottite), has a low value of approximately −3.8‰. This value is lower than that of all other planetary bodies measured thus far. The Martian crust, as represented by regolith breccia NWA 7034, is variably enriched in the heavy isotope of Cl. This enrichment is reflective of preferential loss of 35Cl to space. Most basaltic shergottites (less Shergotty), nakhlites, Chassigny, and Allan Hills 84001 lie on a continuum between the Martian mantle and crust. This intermediate range is explained by mechanical mixing through impact, fluid interaction, and assimilation‐fractional crystallization.
Petrology and oxygen isotopic compositions of clasts in HED polymict breccia NWA 5232
Authors: van Drongelen Katrina D. , Rumble Douglas , Tait Kimberly T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 5232, an 18.5 kg polymict eucrite, comprises eucritic and exogenic CM carbonaceous chondrite clasts within a clastic matrix. Basaltic clasts are the most abundant eucritic clast type and show a range of textures and grain size, from subophitic to granoblastic. Other eucritic clast types present include cumulate (high‐En pyroxene), pyroxene‐lath, olivine rich with symplectite intergrowths as a break‐down product of a quickly cooled Fe‐rich metastable pyroxferroite, and breccia (fragments of a previously consolidated breccia) clasts. A variable cooling rate and degree of thermal metamorphism, followed by a complex brecciation history, can be inferred for the clasts based on clast rounding, crystallization (and recrystallization) textures, pyroxene major and minor element compositions, and pyroxene exsolution. The range in δ18O of clasts and matrix of NWA 5232 reflects its origin as a breccia of mixed clasts dominated by eucritic lithologies. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the carbonaceous chondrite clasts identify them as belonging to CM group and indicate that these clasts experienced a low degree of aqueous alteration while part of their parent body. The complex evolutionary history of NWA 5232 implies that large‐scale impact excavation and mixing was an active process on the surface of the HED parent body, likely 4 Vesta.