bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the Lipase‐Mediated Bioactivity of Particle‐Lipid Conjugates Through Changes in Nanostructure and Surface Chemistry
Authors: Joyce Paul , Dening Tahnee J. , Gustafsson Hanna , Prestidge Clive A. 
Published: October 2017

The lipase‐mediated hydrolysis of triglycerides can be controlled by confining lipid droplets within highly porous nanostructured particle matrices. Novel hybrid materials with varying bioactivities toward lipase have been developed by spray drying particle‐stabilized emulsions to form highly organized three‐dimensional architectures. In this study, the particle size, nanostructure, and surface chemistry of hybrid particles are tailored to systematically investigate the influence of material characteristics on lipase activity. This is achieved by varying (i) the spray drying process and (ii) the structure and composition of particulate colloids employed to stabilize the precursor emulsions. In all cases, the colloidal self‐assembly of particles and droplets into nanostructured conjugates during the water removal process facilitated enhanced lipase activity compared to submicron triglyceride emulsions, with lipolysis kinetics increasing in the following order: polymer‐lipid hybrid (PLH) < silica‐lipid hybrid (SLH) ≤ clay‐lipid hybrid (CLH). Lipase activity increased as a function of increasing interfacial surface area of the lipid substrate and increasing hydrophilicity of the solid matrix support. The novel insights into the role of hybrid particle nanostructure and surface chemistry on the mechanism of lipase action can be harnessed for the intelligent design of new and improved lipid‐based drug delivery vehicles and functional foods.Practical Applications: Understanding and controlling the interaction between triglyceride molecules and pancreatic lipase is of fundamental importance for the rational design of new functional foods and drug formulations. Lipid digestion in the body facilitates the delivery of fat and encapsulated bioactive compounds from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the blood and surrounding tissues. Hence, the bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds can be controlled by engineering lipid‐based systems that regulate lipase activity. In this study, three novel solid‐state systems have been designed that finely control the catalytic activity of lipase, and therefore, demonstrate high commercial potential within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.The lipase‐mediated hydrolysis of triglycerides is controlled by designing novel solid‐state particle‐lipid conjugates with unique nanostructures and surface chemistries. The hybrid materials are prepared by spray‐drying particle‐stabilized lipid droplets, which induced the forced agglomeration of particles and droplets into micron‐sized particles with distinctive three‐dimensional architectures. The ability to modulate lipase activity through material design presented novel insights into the mechanism of digestive enzyme action, which is of fundamental importance for the rational design of new functional foods and drug formulations.
Effects of Storage Temperature and Duration on Bioactive Concentrations in the Seed and Oil of Brassica napus (Canola)
Authors: Flakelar Clare L. , Doran Gregory S. , Howitt Julia A. , Luckett David J. , Prenzler Paul D. 
Published: October 2017

The effects of storage temperature and duration on phytosterol, tocopherol and carotenoid concentrations are assessed in canola seed, and oil extracted using two different techniques, over a 10 month period. Increases to oxidation indices (K232, K270 and ΔK) are observed in the solvent extracted oils, and in the seed stored at 40 °C, indicating the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products. Only small decreases in the concentrations of γ‐tocopherol and β‐carotene are observed across the 10 month period. Phytosterol concentration decreases over time, with similar degradation rates observed in both seed and oils. α‐tocopherol and lutein are well preserved up to 7 months in all samples, despite oil oxidation, and further research will be needed to identify the cause for retention of bioactives. The results indicate that in order to preserve phytosterols, tocopherols and carotenoids in seed stored in bulk for extended periods, storage temperatures should remain at or below 21 °C. Moreover, oil stored at 4 °C or −18 °C, results in high bioactive concentrations and slows the onset of oil oxidation, compared to oil stored at room temperature.Practical Applications: Industrial storage conditions have been shown to greatly influence the chemical processes that occur with canola seed and oil. However, the effects of typical storage conditions on phytosterols, tocopherols and carotenoids in canola seed and extracted oil, are not yet known. This study presents the effects of typical seed and oil storage conditions on phytosterol, tocopherol and carotenoid concentrations, whilst monitoring oxidation indices and FFA, and thus provides information to seed handlers and oil processors on storage conditions that may preserve these bioactives. Moreover, the different behaviours of bioactives are examined relative to the oil extraction technique used, and present opportunities to optimise oil extraction techniques.Time series plots for α‐tocopherol concentrations in canola oil stored at different temperatures over 280 days, illustrating a difference in behaviour between the solvent extracted oil and the hand‐press extracted oil.
Copper toxicity and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedling tolerance: Monitoring of related biomarkers
Authors: Chaâbene Zayneb , Hakim Imen Rekik , Rorat Agnieszka , Elleuch Amine , Mejdoub Hafedh , Vandenbulcke Franck 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds were exposed to different copper (Cu) solutions to examine plant stress responses. Low Cu concentrations (0.02 and 0.2 mM) caused an increase of seed germination, whereas higher Cu amounts (2 mM) significantly inhibited seed germination, delayed hypocotyl elongation, increased seedling mortality, and reduced the germination index by more than 90%. Metal-related toxicity symptoms appeared after 15 d of 2 mM of Cu exposure. Biochemical activities such as amylase activity and redox balance elements were examined to study the relationship between external Cu amount and internal plant response. The present study showed that amylolytic activity was dose- and time-dependent. Likewise, H2O2 production increased after exposure to Cu, which was correlated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) accumulation. Furthermore at low Cu concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased, suggesting that date palm seed stimulated its metal homeostasis networks. However, the highest cupric ion amounts increased cell oxidant accumulation and reduced enzyme production. Gene expression level measures of P. dactylifera phytochelatin synthase (Pdpcs) and P. dactylifera metallothionein (Pdmt) encoding genes have been carried out to investigate the implication of PdPCS and PdMT proteins in Cu homeostasis and/or its sequestration. Phoenix dactylifera metallothionein induction reached a peak after 30 d of exposure to 0.2 mM of Cu. However, it was down-regulated in plants exposed to higher Cu concentrations. In the same conditions, Pdpcs was overexpressed during 1 mo of exposure before it decreased thereafter. These observations provide a new insight into date palm cell response to Cu, a metal that can be toxic but that is also an essential element. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:797–806. © 2017 SETAC
Key odorants or key associations? Insights into elemental and configural odour processing
Authors: Romagny Sébastien , Coureaud Gérard , Thomas‐Danguin Thierry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDetermining whether odorants can be perceived in an odour mixture or whether the mixture smells different from its components remains challenging. Even in highly complex mixtures, the odour qualities of some elements can be perceived; thus, their identity is conserved within the mixture. Such elements are considered key components and support the elemental perception of the mixture. The concept of key components is also related to elements that do not necessarily carry the odour quality of the mixture but that induce a change in overall mixture perception when they are omitted. In this case, mixture perception often relies on configural processing. To disentangle these multiple aspects of these so‐called key odorants, we sought to study the perceptual role of odorants included in mixtures that are elementally or configurally perceived. Two mixtures, known to be processed configurally and elementally and containing the same 6 odorants in different proportions, were used as references in 4 similarity‐rating experiments. A total of 246 participants evaluated the similarity between the references and single odorants or mixtures of 2 to 6 odorants. This procedure aimed to evaluate whether single odorants or combinations of odorants can evoke the odour quality of the mixtures. Overall, the results highlighted that elemental perception depended primarily on the odour quality and concentration ratio of many of the mixed odorants, whereas configural perception depended on specific associations of odorants in strict concentration ratios. These results led us to reconsider the impact of key elements in odour mixtures within the framework of a perceptual model stating that elemental perception of odour mixtures relies on perception of key odorants, the perceptual features of which are still perceived within the mixture, whereas configural perception relies on key associations of odorants that lose their individual identity when mixed at specific concentration ratios.
Robust forecast aggregation: Fourier L2E regression
Authors: Cross Daniel , Ramos Jaime , Mellers Barbara , Tetlock Philip E. , Scott David W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Good Judgment Team led by psychologists P. Tetlock and B. Mellers of the University of Pennsylvania was the most successful of five research projects sponsored through 2015 by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity to develop improved group forecast aggregation algorithms. Each team had at least 10 algorithms under continuous development and evaluation over the 4‐year project. The mean Brier score was used to rank the algorithms on approximately 130 questions concerning categorical geopolitical events each year. An algorithm would return aggregate probabilities for each question based on the probabilities provided per question by thousands of individuals, who had been recruited by the Good Judgment Team. This paper summarizes the theorized basis and implementation of one of the two most accurate algorithms at the conclusion of the Good Judgment Project. The algorithm incorporated a number of pre‐ and postprocessing steps, and relied upon a minimum distance robust regression method called L2E. The algorithm was just edged out by a variation of logistic regression, which has been described elsewhere. Work since the official conclusion of the project has led to an even smaller gap.
Time series forecasting using functional partial least square regression with stochastic volatility, GARCH, and exponential smoothing
Authors: Kim Jong‐Min , Jung Hojin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a method for improving the predictive ability of standard forecasting models used in financial economics. Our approach is based on the functional partial least squares (FPLS) model, which is capable of avoiding multicollinearity in regression by efficiently extracting information from the high‐dimensional market data. By using its well‐known ability, we can incorporate auxiliary variables that improve the predictive accuracy. We provide an empirical application of our proposed methodology in terms of its ability to predict the conditional average log return and the volatility of crude oil prices via exponential smoothing, Bayesian stochastic volatility, and GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) models, respectively. In particular, what we call functional data analysis (FDA) traces in this article are obtained via the FPLS regression from both the crude oil returns and auxiliary variables of the exchange rates of major currencies. For forecast performance evaluation, we compare out‐of‐sample forecasting accuracy of the standard models with FDA traces to the accuracy of the same forecasting models with the observed crude oil returns, principal component regression (PCR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models. We find evidence that the standard models with FDA traces significantly outperform our competing models. Finally, they are also compared with the test for superior predictive ability and the reality check for data snooping. Our empirical results show that our new methodology significantly improves predictive ability of standard models in forecasting the latent average log return and the volatility of financial time series.
Interbrain phase synchronization during turn‐taking verbal interaction—a hyperscanning study using simultaneous EEG/MEG
Authors: Ahn Sangtae , Cho Hohyun , Kwon Moonyoung , Kim Kiwoong , Kwon Hyukchan , Kim Bong Soo , Chang Won Seok , Chang Jin Woo , Jun Sung Chan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecently, neurophysiological findings about social interaction have been investigated widely, and hardware has been developed that can measure multiple subjects' brain activities simultaneously. These hyperscanning studies have enabled us to discover new and important evidences of interbrain interactions. Yet, very little is known about verbal interaction without any visual input. Therefore, we conducted a new hyperscanning study based on verbal, interbrain turn‐taking interaction using simultaneous EEG/MEG, which measures rapidly changing brain activities. To establish turn‐taking verbal interactions between a pair of subjects, we set up two EEG/MEG systems (19 and 146 channels of EEG and MEG, respectively) located ∼100 miles apart. Subjects engaged in verbal communication via condenser microphones and magnetic‐compatible earphones, and a network time protocol synchronized the two systems. Ten subjects participated in this experiment and performed verbal interaction and noninteraction tasks separately. We found significant oscillations in EEG alpha and MEG alpha/gamma bands in several brain regions for all subjects. Furthermore, we estimated phase synchronization between two brains using the weighted phase lag index and found statistically significant synchronization in EEG and MEG data. Our novel paradigm and neurophysiological findings may foster a basic understanding of the functional mechanisms involved in human social interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 39:171–188, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topography and timing of activity in right inferior frontal cortex and anterior insula for stopping movement
Authors: Bartoli Eleonora , Aron Adam R. , Tandon Nitin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStopping incipient action activates both the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) and the anterior insula (rAI). Controversy has arisen as to whether these comprise a unitary cortical cluster—the rIFC/rAI—or whether rIFC is the primary stopping locus. To address this, we recorded directly from these structures while taking advantage of the high spatiotemporal resolution of closely spaced stereo‐electro‐encephalographic (SEEG) electrodes. We studied 12 patients performing a stop‐signal task. On each trial they initiated a motor response (Go) and tried to stop to an occasional stop signal. Both the rIFC and rAI exhibited an increase in broadband gamma activity (BGA) after the stop signal and within the time of stopping (stop signal reaction time, SSRT), regardless of the success of stopping. The proportion of electrodes with this response was significantly greater in the rIFC than the rAI. Also, the rIFC response preceded that in the rAI. Last, while the BGA increase in rIFC occurred mainly prior to SSRT, the rAI showed a sustained increase in the beta and low gamma bands after the SSRT. In summary, the rIFC was activated soon after the stop signal, prior to and more robustly than the rAI, which on the other hand, showed a more prolonged response after the onset of stopping. Our results are most compatible with the notion that the rIFC is involved in triggering outright stopping in concert with a wider network, while the rAI is likely engaged by other processes, such as arousal, saliency, or behavioral adjustments. Hum Brain Mapp 39:189–203, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical yield of magnetoencephalography distributed source imaging in epilepsy: A comparison with equivalent current dipole method
Authors: Pellegrino Giovanni , Hedrich Tanguy , Chowdhury Rasheda Arman , Hall Jeffery A. , Dubeau Francois , Lina Jean‐Marc , Kobayashi Eliane , Grova Christophe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveSource localization of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) is clinically useful in the presurgical workup of epilepsy patients. It is usually obtained by equivalent current dipole (ECD) which localizes a point source and is the only inverse solution approved by clinical guidelines. In contrast, magnetic source imaging using distributed methods (dMSI) provides maps of the location and the extent of the generators, but its yield has not been clinically validated. We systematically compared ECD versus dMSI performed using coherent Maximum Entropy on the Mean (cMEM), a method sensitive to the spatial extent of the generators.Methods340 source localizations of IEDs derived from 49 focal epilepsy patients with foci well‐defined through intracranial EEG, MRI lesions, and surgery were analyzed. The comparison was based on the assessment of the sublobar concordance with the focus and of the distance between the source and the focus.ResultsdMSI sublobar concordance was significantly higher than ECD (81% vs 69%, P < 0.001), especially for extratemporal lobe sources (dMSI = 84%; ECD = 67%, P < 0.001) and for seizure free patients (dMSI = 83%; ECD = 70%, P < 0.001). The median distance from the focus was 4.88 mm for ECD and 3.44 mm for dMSI (P < 0.001). ECD dipoles were often wrongly localized in deep brain regions.ConclusionsdMSI using cMEM exhibited better accuracy. dMSI also offered the advantage of recovering more realistic maps of the generator, which could be exploited for neuronavigation aimed at targeting invasive EEG and surgical resection. Therefore, dMSI may be preferred to ECD in clinical practice. Hum Brain Mapp 39:218–231, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of schizotypy with striatocortical functional connectivity and its asymmetry in healthy adults
Authors: Wang Yi , Ettinger Ulrich , Meindl Thomas , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAltered striatocortical functional connectivity has been suggested to be a trait marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including schizotypal personality. In the present study, we examined the association between schizotypal personality traits and striatocortical functional connectivity in a sample of healthy adults. The German version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire was obtained from N = 111 participants recruited from the general public. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at 3T. Six striatal seed regions in each hemisphere were defined and striatocortical resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) as well as its lateralization indices was calculated. Regression analysis showed that schizotypy scores, especially from the positive dimension, were positively correlated with rsFC between ventral striatum and frontal cortex and negatively associated with rsFC between dorsal striatum and posterior cingulate. No significant associations were found between negative dimension schizotypy and striatocortical rsFC. We also found positive correlations between schizotypy total scores and lateralization index of right dorsal caudate and right rostral putamen. In conclusion, the present study extends previous evidence of altered striatocortical rsFC in the schizophrenia spectrum. The observed associations resemble in part the alterations observed in psychotic patients and their relatives, providing support for dimensionality from schizotypal personality to the clinical disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 39:288–299, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Income‐rich and wealth‐poor? The impact of measures of socio‐economic status in the analysis of the distribution of long‐term care use among older people
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo , Ilinca Stefania , Schmidt Andrea E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article aims to investigate the impact of using 2 measures of socio‐economic status on the analysis of how informal care and home care use are distributed among older people living in the community. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for 14 European countries, we estimate differences in corrected concentration indices for use of informal care and home care, using equivalised household net income and equivalised net worth (as a proxy for wealth). We also calculate horizontal inequity indices using both measures of socio‐economic status and accounting for differences in need. The findings show that using wealth as a ranking variable results, as a rule, in a less pro‐poor inequality of use for both informal and home care. Once differences in need are controlled for (horizontal inequity), wealth still results in a less pro‐poor distribution for informal care, in comparison with income, whereas the opposite is observed for home care. Possible explanations for these differences and research and policy implications are discussed.
Snail‐mediated cancer stem cell‐like phenotype in human CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell
Authors: Peng Shan , Wu Cheng , Sun Wei , Liu Dongbo , Luo Min , Su Beibei , Zhang Linli , Mei Qi , Hu Guoqing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cell (CSC)‐like phenotype, which has been proven to play a critical role in invasion and metastasis of many kinds of cancers, has also been reported to be associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Snail, a potent repressor of E‐cadherin expression, was found to have a function to regulate the aforementioned processes.MethodsIn the current study, expression of putative CSCs biomarkers and the ratio of CSC‐like CNE2 (cancer cell line) in total CNE2 were measured, and CSC‐like characteristics were analyzed with tumor‐sphere self‐renewal and colony‐forming assays. Migration and invasion properties were determined by using transwell and wound healing assays. Xenograft tumor assays in vivo were done to evaluate the function of Snail and radiation in the tumor forming ability.ResultsIn human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, overexpression of Snail mediates a CSC‐like phenotype, which enhances the initiation, invasion, and migration ability of cancer cells.ConclusionThus, Snail is a potential therapeutic target in NPC.