bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome mining of astaxanthin biosynthetic genes from Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 55669 for heterologous overproduction in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ma Tian , Zhou Yuanjie , Li Xiaowei , Zhu Fayin , Cheng Yongbo , Liu Yi , Deng Zixin , Liu Tiangang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs a highly valued keto‐carotenoid, astaxanthin is widely used in nutritional supplements and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the demand for biosynthetic astaxanthin and improved efficiency of astaxanthin biosynthesis has driven the investigation of metabolic engineering of native astaxanthin producers and heterologous hosts. However, microbial resources for astaxanthin are limited. In this study, we found that the α‐Proteobacterium Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 55669 could produce astaxanthin naturally. We used whole‐genome sequencing to identify the astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway using a combined PacBio‐Illumina approach. The putative astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway in Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 55669 was predicted. For further confirmation, a high‐efficiency targeted engineering carotenoid synthesis platform was constructed in E. coli for identifying the functional roles of candidate genes. All genes involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis showed discrete distributions on the chromosome. Moreover, the overexpression of exogenous E. coli idi in Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 55669 increased astaxanthin production by 5.4‐fold. This study described a new astaxanthin producer and provided more biosynthesis components for bioengineering of astaxanthin in the future.
Clinical Audit of Children's Missed Dental Appointments in a City‐Wide Salaried Community Dental Service in Relation to Guidance on When to Suspect Child Maltreatment
Authors: Harris Jennifer C. , Firth Lauren M. , Chadwick Barbara L. 
Published: November 2015

Children's missed healthcare appointments may be an alerting feature of neglect so it is essential that concerns are shared with other professionals. The aim of this clinical audit was to investigate the management of missed dental appointments for children in a city‐wide salaried community dental service. Standards for communication with (a) the family, (b) other professionals and (c) child protection referral to social care were developed using NICE Clinical Guidance 89: When to suspect child maltreatment and the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry's policy document on dental neglect. Information collected from a random sample of 100 clinical records included communication actions within six months of a missed appointment and dental outcome. After reporting the first‐cycle (C1) results, procedures were modified and staff training provided. Sampling and data collection were repeated annually for two further cycles (C2, C3). Communication standards were not fully met in any cycle. The missed appointment rate was 11–12 per cent. An initial small increase in interprofessional communication, including two child protection referrals to social care, was achieved in C2 together with a reduction in unresolved dental outcomes. However, omissions still occurred and improvements were not maintained in the third cycle, demonstrating insufficient consistency to ensure the protection of vulnerable children.‘The aim of this clinical audit was to investigate the management of missed dental appointments for children’Key Practitioner Messages

This paper describes a method of auditing the management of missed dental appointments in relation to maltreatment guidance.
We achieved initial small improvements in interprofessional communication and dental outcomes but also identified lapses which might indicate children at risk of neglect who could ‘slip through the net’.
Dental services, other healthcare services and children's social care must work together to develop better communication pathways.
‘Dental services, other healthcare services and children's social care must work together to develop better communication pathways’
Infant Trafficking and Baby Factories: A New Tale of Child Abuse in Nigeria
Authors: Makinde Olusesan Ayodeji 
Published: November 2015

Baby factories are new systematic abuse structures that are promoting infant trafficking, neo‐slavery and the exploitation of young women with unwanted pregnancies in Nigeria. Since this practice was first described in 2006, it has been growing rather than abating. This paper reviews the scientific literature, along with media reports, and critiques this phenomenon from a children's rights' perspective. Children born into baby factories are denied various civil rights. They also suffer abuse in the baby factories and as a consequence of being born in such places. This abuse can be classified into immediate and long term. Immediate abuse includes inadequate care and its repercussions, denial of birth registration, illegal adoption and murder. Long‐term or delayed abuse that they may be exposed to includes health‐related consequences, neglect, death, child labour, prostitution and other sexual abuse, organ trafficking and recruitment as child soldiers. Various factors are thought to drive the baby factory phenomenon which include poverty, high infertility rates and the profitability of local and inter‐country adoptions. Programmes directed at addressing the root cause of the problem are needed in order to eliminate infant trafficking. Also, clear laws that delineate inter‐country adoption and infant trafficking need to be enacted. Most importantly, baby factories need to be recognised as child trafficking routes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘New systematic abuse structures that are promoting infant trafficking, neo‐slavery and the exploitation of young women’Key Practitioner Messages:

A new type of child abuse and human trafficking that targets infants has emerged in Nigeria in what are described as ‘baby factories’.
Baby factories are criminal entities that exploit young girls with unwanted pregnancies and the practice is growing.
Children born in baby factories suffer a range of immediate abuses and are exposed to long-term abuses.
Baby factories violate several articles in the Convention on the Rights of a Child.
‘Criminal entities that exploit young girls with unwanted pregnancies’
Netamines O–S, Five New Tricyclic Guanidine Alkaloids from the Madagascar Sponge Biemna laboutei, and Their Antimalarial Activities
Authors: Gros Emmanuelle , Martin Marie‐Thérèse , Sorres Jonathan , Moriou Céline , Vacelet Jean , Frederich Michel , Aknin Maurice , Kashman Yoel , Gauvin‐Bialecki Anne , Al‐Mourabit Ali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn our continuing program to isolate new compounds from the Madagascar sponge Biemna laboutei, five new tricyclic guanidine alkaloids, netamines O – S (1–5, resp.), have been identified together with the known compounds netamine E (6) and mirabilin J (7). The structures of all new netamines were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Their relative configurations were established by analysis of ROESY data and comparison with literature data. Netamines O, P, and Q, which were isolated in sufficient quantities, were tested for their cytotoxic activities against KB cells and their activities against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Netamines O and Q were found to be moderately cytotoxic. Netamines O, P, and Q exhibited antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 16.99±4.12, 32.62±3.44, and 8.37±1.35 μM, respectively.
A Comparative Analysis of the ‘Green’ Techniques Applied for Polyphenols Extraction from Bioresources
Authors: Talmaciu Adina Iulia , Volf Irina , Popa Valentin I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFrom all the valuable biomass extractives, polyphenols are a widespread group of secondary metabolites found in all plants, representing the most desirable phytochemicals due to their potential to be used as additives in food industry, cosmetics, medicine, and others fields. At present, there is an increased interest to recover them from plant of spontaneous flora, cultivated plant, and wastes resulted in agricultural and food industry. That is why many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive, efficiently, and eco‐friendly methods, for the extraction of polyphenols, according to the green chemistry and sustainable development concepts. Many extraction procedures are known with advantages and disadvantages. From these reasons, the aim of this article is to provide a comparative analysis regarding technical and economical aspects related to the most innovative extraction techniques studied in the last time: microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE).
Chemical Composition of Juniperus communis L. Cone Essential Oil and Its Variability among Wild Populations in Kosovo
Authors: Hajdari Avni , Mustafa Behxhet , Nebija Dashnor , Miftari Elheme , Quave Cassandra L. , Novak Johannes 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRipe cones of Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) were collected from five wild populations in Kosovo, with the aim of investigating the chemical composition and natural variation of essential oils between and within wild populations. Ripe cones were collected, air dried, crushed, and the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation. The essential‐oil constituents were identified by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The yield of essential oil differed depending on the population origins and ranged from 0.4 to 3.8% (v/w, based on the dry weight). In total, 42 compounds were identified in the essential oils of all populations. The principal components of the cone‐essential oils were α‐pinene, followed by β‐myrcene, sabinene, and D‐limonene. Taking into consideration the yield and chemical composition, the essential oil originating from various collection sites in Kosovo fulfilled the minimum requirements for J. communis essential oils of the European Pharmacopoeia. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the influence of the geographical variations on the essential‐oil composition. These statistical analyses suggested that the clustering of populations was not related to their geographic location, but rather appeared to be linked to local selective forces acting on the chemotype diversity.
Four New Flavonoids with α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from Morus alba var. tatarica
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Long , Luo Jian‐Guang , Wan Chuan‐Xing , Zhou Zhong‐Bo , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFour new flavonoids, mortatarins A–D (1–4, resp.), along with eight known flavonoids (5–12) were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba var. tatarica. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configuration of 4 was determined by analysis of its CD spectrum. All isolates were tested for inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase. Compounds 4, 7, and 8 exhibited a significant degree of inhibition with IC50 values of 5.0±0.3, 7.5±0.5, and 5.9±0.2 μM, respectively.
Activity of Transition‐Metal (Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel) Phosphates for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhan Yi , Lu Meihua , Yang Shiliu , Xu Chaohe , Liu Zhaolin , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough transition‐metal oxides are common non‐platinum group metal catalysts for the industrially important oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the performance gap between transition‐metal oxides and platinum group metal catalysts is still substantial and there is a continuing need to search for alternatives. In this study, transition‐metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) phosphates prepared by a solution chemistry method under ambient conditions are found to display interesting electrocatalytic properties for the ORR and OER in alkaline solution. Among them, manganese phosphate is more active than most state‐of‐the‐art manganese oxides for the ORR, and nickel phosphate is as active as the best Ni‐based catalysts for the OER. Hence these phosphates can be used as tandem catalysts for rechargeable metal–air batteries in which both the ORR and OER take place. The good performance may be attributed to the stabilization of the catalytic centers by the phosphate framework. This study establishes phosphates as yet another class of highly active low‐cost non‐platinum group metal alternatives for oxygen electrocatalysis in alkaline solution.
O2 Inhibition of Ni‐Containing CO Dehydrogenase Is Partly Reversible
Authors: Merrouch Meriem , Hadj‐Saïd Jessica , Domnik Lilith , Dobbek Holger , Léger Christophe , Dementin Sébastien , Fourmond Vincent 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNi‐containing CO dehydrogenases (CODHs) are very efficient metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion between CO2 and CO. They are a source of inspiration for designing CO2‐reduction catalysts and can also find direct use in biotechnology. They are deemed extremely sensitive to O2, but very little is known about this aspect of their reactivity. We investigated the reaction with O2 of Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans (Ch) CODH II and the homologous, recently characterized CODH from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dv) through protein film voltammetry and solution assays (in the oxidative direction). We found that O2 reacts very quickly with the active site of CODHs, generating species that reactivate upon reduction—this was unexpected. We observed that distinct CODHs exhibit different behaviors: Dv CODH reacts half as fast with O2 than Ch CODH, and only the former fully recovers the activity upon reduction. The results raise hope that fast CO/CO2 biological conversion may be feasible under aerobic conditions.
Unprecedented Strong Panchromic Absorption from Proton‐Switchable Iridium(III) Azoimidazolate Complexes
Authors: Henwood Adam F. , Hu Yue , Sajjad Muhammad T. , K. V. V. Thalluri Gopala , Ghosh Sanjay S. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Robertson Neil , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo new heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes bearing an aryldiazoimidazole ligand are reported. These complexes differ structurally with respect to the protonation state of the imidazole ring, but can be independently accessed by varying the synthetic conditions. Their structures have been unequivocally confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure analysis, with surprising differences in the structural parameters of the two complexes. The strongly absorbing nature of the free diazoimidazole ligand is enhanced in these iridium complexes, with the protonated cationic complex demonstrating extraordinarily strong panchromic absorption up to 700 nm. The absorption profile of the deprotonated neutral complex is blueshifted by about 100 nm and thus the interconversion between the two complexes as a function of the acidity/basicity of the environment can be readily monitored by absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations revealed the origins of these markedly different absorption properties. Finally, the protonated analogue has been targeted as an acceptor material for organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications, and preliminary results are reported.
Selective Permeability of Uranyl Peroxide Nanocages to Different Alkali Ions: Influences from Surface Pores and Hydration Shells
Authors: Gao Yunyi , Haso Fadi , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Zhou Jing , Hu Lang , Burns Peter C. , Liu Tianbo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe precise guidance to different ions across the biological channels is essential for many biological processes. An artificial nanopore system will facilitate the study of the ion‐transport mechanism through nanosized channels and offer new views for designing nanodevices. Herein we reveal that a 2.5 nm‐sized, fullerene‐shaped molecular cluster Li48+mK12(OH)m[UO2(O2)(OH)]60−(H2O)n(m≈20 andn≈310) (U60) shows selective permeability to different alkali ions. The subnanometer pores on the water–ligand‐rich surface ofU60are able to block Rb+and Cs+ions from passing through, while allowing Na+and K+ions, which possess larger hydrated sizes, to enter the interior space ofU60. An interestingly high entropy gain during the binding process betweenU60and alkali ions suggests that the hydration shells of Na+/K+andU60are damaged during the interaction. The ion selectivity ofU60is greatly influenced by both the morphologies of the surface nanopores and the dynamics of the hydration shells.
Adaptive video protection in large scale peer‐to‐peer video streaming over mobile wireless mesh networks
Authors: Ghaeini Hamid Reza , Akbari Behzad , Barekatain Behrang , Trivino‐Cabrera Alicia 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBecause video streaming over mobile handheld devices has been of great interest, the necessity of introducing new methods with low implementation cost and scalable infrastructures is a strong demand of the service. In particular, these requirements are present in popular wireless networks such as wireless mesh networks (WMN). Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks promise an efficient scalable network infrastructure for video streaming over wired and wireless networks. Limited resources of the peers in P2P networks and high error rate in wireless channels make it more challenging to run P2P streaming applications over WMNs. Therefore, it is necessary to design efficient and improved error protection methods in P2P video streaming applications over WMNs. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive unequal video protection method specially intended for large scale P2P video streaming over mobile WMNs. Using this method, different frames have different priorities in receivers along the recovery process. Moreover, we precisely and completely evaluate different aspects related to frame protection in these networks using five important performance metrics including video distortion, late arrival distortion, end‐to‐end delay, overhead and initial start‐up delay. The results obtained from a precise simulation in OMNeT++ show that the proposed adaptive method significantly outperforms other solutions by providing better video quality on mobile wireless nodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Triphos Ligand Derivative and the Corresponding PdII Complexes
Authors: Miller Deanna L. , Boro Brian J. , Grubel Katarzyna , Helm Monte L. , Appel Aaron M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of the new bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)ethyl](hydroxymethyl)phosphine tridentate ligand LCH2OH/Ph is reported. The ligand reacts with [Pd(Cl)2(PhCN)2] to form [Pd(LCH2OH/Ph)Cl]Cl. Exchange of the chloride ions for triflate (OTf–) using AgOTf yielded pure [Pd(LCH2OH/Ph)OTf]OTf. In addition to spectral characterization, the free ligand, LCH2OH/Ph, and the PdII complex, [Pd(LCH2OH/Ph)OTf]OTf, were structurally characterized.
Atropisomerism of 2,2′‐Diaryl‐1,1′‐binaphthalenes Containing Three Stereo­genic Axes: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Ehn Marcel , Vassilev Nikolay Georgiev , Pašteka Lukáš Félix , Dangalov Miroslav , Putala Martin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe rotational barriers of four 2,2′‐diaryl‐1,1′‐binaphthalenes have been determined on the basis of peak volume integration in variable‐temperature 1H EXSY NMR spectra. They were consistent with those determined at higher temperatures by complete line shape analysis. DFT calculations at the B2‐PLYP//B3LYP‐D3/6‐311++G(d,p) level provided relative enthalpy values in very good agreement with the experimentally measured data both for particular atropisomers and for transition states. Calculations showed that the simultaneous rotation of both aryl groups has a much higher barrier than the individual rotations. The tendency of the atropisomerization barriers to increase for the first three derivatives correlates with the sizes of the substituents in the ortho positions of the phenyl rings (methoxy < dimethylamino < methyl), whereas the barriers for the derivative bearing isopropyl groups are, surprisingly, in the same range as for that bearing methyl substituents. We assume that in the latter case tilting of the binaphthalene moiety is responsible for the lowering of rotational barriers.
An Experimental Design for Simultaneous Determination of Carbendazim and Fenamiphos by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Lima T. , Silva H. T. D. , Labuto G. , Simões F. R. , Codognoto L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study is aimed to develop an electroanalytical methodology using a boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDD) associated with experimental design in order to determine simultaneously and selectively carbendazin (CBZ) and fenamiphos (FNP) pesticides. In previous studies oxidation peaks were observed at 1.10 V (CBZ) and 1.20 V (FNP), respectively, with characteristics of irreversible processes controlled by diffusion of species (in pH 2.0 (CBZ) and pH 3.5 (FNP)) using a BR buffer 0.1 mol L−1 as support electrolyte. The differences between the potentials for both pesticides, (about 100 mV) indicate the possibility of selective determination of FNP and CBZ. However, employing an equimolar mixture of analytes, the peaks overlap to form a single oxidation peak. Thus, we used a 34 full factorial design with four parameters to be analyzed in three levels, in order to obtain the optimized parameters for the separation of the peaks. The best separation conditions were pH 5.0, square wave frequency of 300 s−1, pulse amplitude of 10 mV and scan increment of 2 mV. These parameters were used to obtain the calibration curves of CBZ and FNP. For CBZ the analytical curve was obtained in the concentration range of 4.95×10−6 to 6.90×10−5 mol L−1 with good sensitivity and linearity (0.175 A/mol L−1 and 0.999, respectively). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.6×10−6 mol L−1 and 5.5×10−6 mol L−1, respectively. For FNP the linear concentration interval was 4.95×10−6 to 3.67×10−5 mol L−1, with a sensitivity of 0,207 A/mol L−1 and linearity of 0.996. The LOD and LOQ were 4.1×10−6 mol L−1 and 13.7×10−6 mol L−1, respectively. Using these experimental conditions it was possible to separate the oxidation peaks of CBZ (Ep=1.08 V) and FNP (Ep=1.23 V). The electroanlytical method was applied in lemon juice samples. The recovery values were 110.0 % and 92.5 % for CBZ and FNP, respectively. The results showed that the developed method is suitable for application in foodstuff samples.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Electrochemical Detection of Single‐base Mismatches by Tagging Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid as a Redox Probe to DNA
Authors: Moradi Nasrin , Noori Abolhassan , Mehrgardi Masoud A. , Mousavi Mir F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was employed for sensitive detection of single base mismatches (SBMs) in a sandwiched dsDNA. Ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc), covalently conjugated to the dsDNA, was oxidized to Fc+ via the DNA‐mediated charge transfer from the underlying gold substrate, and reduced back to Fc by SECM tip generated ferrocyanide. The electrocatalytic oxidation of SECM tip‐generated ferrocyanide was sensitive to presence, as well as the type of SBMs. Apparent standard rate constants (k0app) values for different SBMs, both near the electrode surface and far from it, were evaluated by SECM. The method can detect SBMs independent of their position in dsDNA.