bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of metered-dose physical exercises in the process of physical education of students of the Faculty of Architecture to prevent the progression of myopia
Authors: Калинина Н.Е. , Карагодина А.М. , Ермакова Е.В. 
Published: September 2024

по мнению ряда специалистов, здоровье студентов, поступающих в вузы, с каждым годом ухудшается. Специфическая деятельность будущих архитекторов связана с точной работой зрительного анализатора при выполнении архитектурного рисунка или проектирования и моделирования строительных объектов. При этом, учебная информация в последнее время, получается с электронных устройств. Все это предполагает большую зрительную нагрузку и может привести к снижению функции зрения. Проблема поддержания здоровья зрительного анализатора с помощью средств физической культуры в настоящее время является актуальной. В статье проанализирован подбор средств и методов физического воспитания, а также влияние их объема и интенсивности на оздоровление студентов, страдающих миопией (близорукостью). Специальные дозированные упражнения могут стать серьезным фактором тренировки не только глазных мышц, но и сердечной мышцы студентов и активно воздействовать на иммунно-биологическую систему организма. Таким образом, студенты, имеющие высокий уровень физической подготовленности легко переносят большие зрительные нагрузки учебной направленности и имеют более низкий процент прогрессирования миопии в течение процесса обучения в вузе.
according to a number of experts, the health of students entering universities is deteriorating every year. The specific activities of future architects are associated with the precise work of the visual analyzer when performing architectural drawings or designing and modeling construction projects. At the same time, educational information has recently been obtained from electronic devices. All this involves a large visual load and can lead to a decrease in vision function. The problem of maintaining the health of the visual analyzer with the help of physical education is currently relevant. The article analyzes the selection of means and methods of physical education, as well as the influence of their volume and intensity on the health of students suffering from myopia (nearsightedness). Special dosed exercises can become a serious factor in training not only the eye muscles, but also the heart muscle of students and actively affect the immune-biological system of the body. Thus, students with a high level of physical fitness easily tolerate large visual loads of educational orientation and have a lower percentage of myopia progression during the process of studying at the university.
Introdução a Os perigos profissionais do poder
Authors: Monteiro Marcio Lauria 
Published: September 2024

O arquivo inclui uma introdução e contextualização, mais uma tradução, do documento escrito em agosto de 1928 pelo dirigente da Oposição de Esquerda do Partido Bolchevique, Christian Rakovski, então exilado à força em Astracã, após a derrota da Oposição Unificada no XV Congresso do partido. Nesse documento, Rakovski, realiza uma análise crítica do processo de burocratização do partido e do regime soviético, apontando para o que encara ser uma mudança qualitativa de ambos. Inédito em português, foi traduzido a partir da primeira versão que veio a público, em francês, conforme republicada em 1984 pelos Cahiers Leon Trotski. Acompanha as notas do editor dos Cahiers, o historiador Pierre Broué.
protagonismo das mulheres na Revolução Russa
Authors: Sirelli Paula Martins , Cruz Suenya Santos 
Published: September 2024

Nesse início do século XXI a pauta feminista continua sendo atual numa conjuntura em que as mulheres permanecem como alvo privilegiado de situações de violência sendo vítimas de exploração, opressões, violações e homicídios. Contudo, na atualidade os movimentos feministas apresentam uma pulverização política que nem sempre recrutam a juventude feminista para as fronteiras revolucionárias no enfrentamento ao sistema capitalista em sua totalidade. No bojo da multiplicidade de correntes políticas feministas corre-se o risco de perder a herança do feminismo classista. Nesse sentido, passados 100 anos da Revolução Russa buscaremos retomar esse legado destacando o protagonismo das mulheres numa sociedade recém saída do czarismo absolutista assentado numa economia rural, com fortes traços patriarcais, portanto. A partir desse legado intenciona-se colaborar com uma práxis política na contemporaneidade que rompa com a barbárie e retome a emancipação humana como um devir.
The Influences of Tourism Image and Motivation on The Cultural Tourism Decisions of Generation Z
Authors: Komonmanee Kettapan  , Onuma Suphattanakul  
Published: September 2024

Generation Z people are a significant force driving the modern world. They lead educated lifestyles, enjoy expressing themselves creatively, and prefer to seek out new ideas or approaches to achieve the finest results. The research study aims to examine the tourism motivation and the image that affects the cultural tourism decisions of tourists of Generation Z. The study employed quantitative research techniques to gather data from 385 Thai Generation Z tourists. The research findings revealed that status and prestige significantly influenced cultural tourism decisions, followed by cultural, emotional, affective, physical, and interpersonal motivation. Moreover, the pre-conceptualized image of the tourist destinations has the most significant influence on cultural tourism decisions, followed by tourists' perceptions and the tourists' feelings. This has practical implications for economic development at both the national and regional levels. At the same time, it reflects much about Generation Z's needs and expectations, calling for the urgency to preserve the cultural heritage of the locality and the country as a whole. This is expected to maintain the value of cultural tourism, generating a balance of development in the future.
Desafios na Doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes: abordagens e estratégias terapêuticas na prática pediátrica
Authors: Rosário Carolina Cassiano do , Fagundes Amanda Martins , Bessa Alice Brina Marques de , Barbosa Felipe Neiva , Silva Alanna Malheiros 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Este artigo visa revisar de forma abrangente a fisiopatologia da LCP, discutir as abordagens diagnósticas mais eficazes e explorar as opções terapêuticas atualmente disponíveis. Método Este estudo foi conduzido por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, abrangendo publicações entre 2010 e 2024. Considerações finais: A Doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes representa um desafio significativo na ortopedia pediátrica devido à sua natureza imprevisível e às potenciais complicações a longo prazo. Embora a etiologia exata permaneça incerta, a compreensão atual da fisiopatologia da doença tem permitido avanços significativos no diagnóstico precoce e no manejo terapêutico. A intervenção precoce e individualizada é essencial para maximizar os resultados funcionais e minimizar as sequelas.
ALTERNATIF IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH (GLS) DI MADRASAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Sari Sri Yulia , Purnama Meira Dwi Indah 
Published: September 2024

Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) adalah upaya untuk menumbuhkan budi pekerti peserta didik atau siswa melalui penumbuhan budaya ekosistem literasi sekolah. Literasi sebagai kegiatan yang tak hanya sekedar membaca dan menulis, namun juga mencakup keterampilan berpikir menggunakan sumber-sumber pengetahuan yang ada, baik dalam bentuk cetak, visual, digital maupun auditori.Masa Pandemi Covid 19 membuat perkembangan literasi di sekolah khususnya di madrasah tidak dapat berjalan seperti yang diharapkan. Tetapi walau begitu kegiatan literasi gerakan literasi di madrasah harus tetap berjalan. Adapun alternatif implementasi gerakan literasi sekolah di madrasah di masa pandemi covid 19 adalah bisa melalui pembacaan juz amma sebelum belajar,membaca buku dan menulis, pembacaan kosa kata bahasa inggris dan bahasa arab, serta kegiatan mading.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP KONSEP KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA MATRILINEAL DI MINANGKABAU
Authors: Aisyah Rahmaini fahma  
Published: September 2024

Sebagai seorang pemimpin rumah tangga dalam Islam, seorang suami memiliki tanggung jawab penuh terhadap keluarga yang dipimpinnya baik dalam aspek nafkah ,pendidikan, perlindungan dan pengarahan, akan tetapi di sisi lain ketika melihat fenomana yang berlaku dalam sisitem keluarga Matrelineal Di Minangkabau dimana hadirnya sosok Mamak (Saudara laki-laki istri) yang juga memiliki tanggung jawab atas kemenakannya dalam hal harta dan pendidikan serta pemegang kebijakan dalam pernikahan kemenakannya, seolah-olah adanya dualisme dan adanya tumpang tindih kewajiban antara suami sebagai kepala keluarga dengan Mamak sebagai pemimpin dalam rumah gadang. Maka konsep kepemimpinan dalam keluarga matrelinel Minangkabau ini perlu dikaji dalam aspek hukum Islam.
Dalam kaya tulis ini akan focus mengkaji Bagaimana konsep kepemimpinan suami dalam keluarga adat Minangkabau serta bagaimana hukum Islam melihat fenomana ini melalui metodoligi penelitian kualitatif dengan kajian deskriptif analitis. sumber primer dari buku Tambo Alam Minangkabau erta buku tafsir dan hukum Islam yang menjelaskan tentang konsep kepemimpinan seorang suami dalam rumah tangga.
Konsep kepemimpinan yang di usung dalam hukum adat Mianangkabau yang menganut sistem Matrelineal ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan konsep yang ada dalam hukum Islam, dimana suami bertanggung jawab atas keluaraga yang di pimpinnya akan tetapi yang menjadi pembedanya adalah dimana dalam hukum adat ini kepemimpinan suami dalam rumah tangga nya akan di interfensi oleh Mamak selaku pemimpin dalam rumah gadang (keluarga Istri). Dimana Mamak juga bertanggung jawab akan perekonomian, pendidikan serta perlindungan terhadap kemenakan nya. Akan tetapi bentuk pertanggung jawabannya tidak menyamai posisi suami, hanya sebagai orang yang akan membantu ketika kewajiban itu tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh sosok suami dalam rumah tangganya. Dan dalam islam ayah selaku wali memiliki kewanagan absolut untuk memberikan perizinan atau melarang atas pernikahan perwaliannya akan tetapi di Minangkabau posisi ini di ambil alih oleh Mamak, dimana mamak memiliki hak untuk melarang kemenakannya untuk melangsungkan pernikahan walaupun sang ayah mengizinkannya.
Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Rumah tangga, Matrelineal
L’articulation entre responsabilité internationale de l’état et responsabilité pénale de l’individu : une tentative de réconciliation à travers l’exemple de l’invasion de l’Ukraine
Authors: Mégret Frédéric 
Published: September 2024

La recherche des responsabilités pour l’invasion de l’Ukraine et les crimes qui en découlent s’oriente d’ores et déjà vers un double axe : identification des responsabilités pénales individuelles d’une part, et mise en cause de la responsabilité de la Russie en tant qu’État d’autre part. Potentiellement complémentaires, ces stratégies ne renvoient pas moins à deux visions distinctes des causes et de la nature fondamentale des atrocités commises en Ukraine. Si ce débat n’est pas nouveau, il prend dans le cas de l’Ukraine une dimension particulière, liée à tout l’enjeu de la justice transitionnelle de la région et à un nécessaire effort de problématisation de la guerre en Ukraine. Tout en prenant acte que l’accent mis sur la responsabilité individuelle à l’époque contemporaine est une réaction aux limites bien connues de la responsabilité étatique pour crimes, il s’agit de prendre également la mesure des dangers d’un surinvestissement dans la responsabilité individuelle. Celle-ci tend en effet à ôter aux crimes de droit international leur caractère d’inscription dans une dimension étatique, publique ou collective, pourtant essentielle à leur compréhension. On tentera donc de penser la complexité de la responsabilité pour crimes de droit international comme fonction de l’imbrication, propre à chaque cas d’espèce, entre responsabilités étatiques et individuelles, mais aussi collectives. Cela aidera à dégager une conception plus systémique de la responsabilité internationale, seule à même, en dernière analyse, de rendre justice à la complexité de la question des responsabilités en Ukraine.
La place de l’ossète dans l’espace urbain à Vladikavkaz et Tskhinvali : symboliques, dynamiques, enjeux
Authors: Alibert Laurent 
Published: September 2024

L’étude des usages de la langue ossète dans le paysage linguistique urbain des deux capitales respectives de l’Ossétie du Nord (Vladikavkaz) et de l’Ossétie du Sud (Tskhinvali) met en lumière l’idée que les Ossètes se font de la place occupée par leur langue, notamment dans son rapport à la langue russe. Sur le plan symbolique, les écrits ossètes dans l’espace urbain renvoient à plusieurs fonctions nettement distinctes : des statuts officiels administratifs, des usages publicitaires locaux, des usages pédagogiques à dimension sociale, des développements spontanés individuels (notamment les graffitis). Nous étudierons une série d’entre eux, en essayant de voir à la fois ce qui ressort de l’image idéalisée projetée, et ce qui tient d’une réalité linguistique, active ou celle d’une réalité perceptible, subie. Ces dynamiques marquent aussi bien des tendances générales de la langue ossète sur l’ensemble de l’Ossétie que des différences à l’oeuvre dans les deux entités, liées aux situations historiques et politiques respectives.
Assyrian Empire
Authors: Chavalas Mark W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ancient Near Eastern nation of Assyria exhibited what one could call an oscillating character to its political history, rising and falling on a number of occasions, each time unknowingly rehearsing its final end in 612bce. From the rise of the state of Shamshi Adad I (c.1814–1781bce) to the collapse of the kingdom of Tiglath‐Pileser I (c.1115–1077bce), Assyria went through a number of periods of imperial expansion, followed by political weakness and decline.
Neo‐Assyrian Empire
Authors: Chavalas Mark W. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

During the early first millennium
bce
(c.900–612
bce
), Assyria was the largest and most powerful state in Southwest Asia, ranging from Iran to Egypt and from Babylonia to Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea. It was the largest imperial polity in the history of the world, until eclipsed by the Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great in the late 6th century
bce
. Modern scholars have been somewhat perplexed by the empire's apparent sudden collapse in the late 7th century
bce
, calling its termination an “historical scandal.”
Hunnic Empire
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The history and the nature of the Hunnic Empire have been a source of controversy and debate for centuries. Even the definition of the Hunnic nation as an empire or a state has been hotly contested and disputed. Likewise there has been no consensus or agreement among historians and archaeologists about when the empire was first founded, how extensive it was in terms of territory, how it was administered, and when it finally dissolved. What is certain is that the Huns expanded from Central Asia sometime in the middle of the 4th century into Europe and by the middle of the 5th century controlled vast swaths of Europe from France to the Ukraine. The Huns and the empire they created had an immense impact on the political development of the later “Germanic” kingdoms of early medieval Europe and also contributed to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire in Western Europe.
Mycenaean civilization
Authors: Mee Christopher 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe shaft‐graves at Mycenae and rich tombs at other sites mark the start of the first civilization on mainland Greece. The emphasis early in the Late Bronze Age is on cemeteries rather than settlements. It is not until the 14th centurybcethat palaces became administrative centers, a development emphasized by archives written in the Linear B script. Many of the palaces were protected by massive fortifications and rulers were buried in style intholostombs. There were also connections overseas and this must have involved some settlement. At the end of the 13th century the palaces were destroyed and this precipitated the slow decline of the Mycenaean civilization.
Funj Sultanate of Sinnar
Authors: Spaulding Jay 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Islamic Nubian kingdom that dominated the Nile valley Sudan from about 1500 to 1821 was known both by the name of its ruling elite, the Funj, and that of its capital city over the last half of its history, Sinnar. Events of its early history suggest it played a prominent role in regional politics, notably inhibiting Ottoman expansion. The better‐documented later period witnessed the rise of towns, trade, international intercourse, orthodox Islamic beliefs and practices, and the adoption of Arab identities in many quarters. The innovations eroded the institutions of state and extended civil war culminating in alien conquest followed.
Kush, Kingdom of
Authors: Welsby Derek A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Kingdom of Kush was a major power in the Nile valley for over 1000 years and, for a brief period around 700bce, dominated it, controlling an empire stretching from Central Sudan to the Mediterranean. Heavily influenced by Egypt, Kushite civilization represented an amalgam of foreign influences from the north, originally Pharaonic, later Hellenistic and Roman, along with the indigenous African culture. In the far north entirely a riverine civilization, further south it spread out into the savannah. Its diverse economy supported a highly developed urban civilization as well as integrating a substantial nomadic population, underpinned by extensive agriculture and animal husbandry. Sitting athwart the major ancient trade route from central Africa its rulers amassed considerable wealth, reflected in their extensive monumental building projects and rich tombs marked by stone pyramids.
Volga Bulgar Emirate
Authors: Mako Gerald 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Volga Bulgaria, a Turkic‐speaking state in Eastern Europe between the 9th and mid‐13th centuries, ruled over extensive lands mostly around the middle Volga and Kama rivers. Volga Bulgaria was important because it controlled the key route between Central Asia and northern Europe, particularly the Fur Road. The Bulgars were also the first to convert to Islam in Eastern Europe. Despite originally being pastoral nomads, the Volga Bulgars developed a flourishing urban civilization with several cities, even though a significant part of the population lived outside these centers. The Bulgars fought a number of wars with the early expanding Rus’ state, particularly in c.964/965 with Sviatoslav and 985 with Vladimir for the control of trade. Other wars followed in the late 12th century. In 1236, the Mongols subjugated the Volga Bulgar state, which eventually evolved into the Kazan’ Khanate.
British Empire: 10. North America, to 1783
Authors: Lockley Tim 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Britain created its first overseas empire in North America between 1607 and 1783. From tentative beginnings British settlers created vibrant new communities on the eastern coast of North America, that attracted migrants from Britain and throughout Europe. The diverse colonies enjoyed a large degree of autonomy from Britain and strongly resisted attempts in the middle of the 18th century to bring them under imperial control, eventually winning a war of independence against Britain in the 1780s.
Frontiers and their control
Authors: Kagay Donald J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article deals with the defense and extension of national frontiers in geopolitical and economic terms. It focuses on the ancient states of China and Rome, the medieval frontiers between Scotland and England as well as between Castile and the Muslim enclave of Granada, and the modern heavily defended borderlands that separated East and West Berlin as well as the long frontier along the Rio Grande between Mexico and the American states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
Burgundy, Duchy (States) of
Authors: Crombie Laura 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis entry sets out the development of the Burgundian state or empire from 1363 to 1477. In looking at the geographical, political, and cultural expansion under the Valois dukes of Burgundy – Philip the Bold, John the Fearless, Philip the Good, and Charles the Bold – it provides a concise overview to the growth of their domains.
Christianity and empire
Authors: Strong Rowan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChristianity and Christian churches were part of or interacted with various empires throughout the world over the past two thousand years of that religion's history. From the Roman Empire in the 1st centurycewhen Christianity was founded, through the various empires of Asia to the end of the Western Middle Ages, and on to the European empires of the modern period, Christianity has been persecuted, co‐opted, and tolerated by a wide variety of imperial cultures and systems. It has been used as an ideology to facilitate imperial power, a lens through which to view colonial peoples, as well as a position from which to oppose imperialism.
Kanem‐Bornu Empire
Authors: Hiribarren Vincent 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPresent for more than 1000 years in the Lake Chad basin, the Kanem‐Bornu (or Kanem‐Borno) Empire was the longest‐lasting empire in the history of Africa. It was created around the 8th century in Kanem on the eastern shores of Lake Chad before shifting to Borno (Bornu) on the western side of the lake during the 13th and 14th centuries. Kanem‐Bornu was a trans‐Saharan empire with possessions in the Fezzan as well as in Bilma; it reached its largest territorial extent in the 16th and 17th centuries before being invaded by a Sudanese warlord in 1893 and colonized by the Europeans at the beginning of the 20th century. Kanem‐Bornu presents four distinguishing features: an enduring state structure, the wealth of its written and oral sources, the early presence of Islam and the importance of the trans‐Saharan trade.
Spartan Empire
Authors: Kennell Nigel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Following Lysander's victory over the Athenians at the naval battle of Aegospotami in 404
bce
, the Spartans exercised a short‐lived, contested dominance over many cities in Greece that is often called the Spartan Empire. At the empire's zenith, Sparta was the most powerful Greek state in the Eastern Mediterranean, with a reputedly vast income from tribute paid by its subject cities. However, the empire's administration was rudimentary and Spartans were ill‐equipped institutionally and culturally to govern an empire. The influx of wealth had negative effects on the Spartan society, accelerating the decline in those able to meet the requirements of citizenship, while Sparta's economic system offered no incentives to develop imperial trade.
Serbian Empire
Authors: Dzino Danijel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Serbian Empire is the product of policies and military success of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš IV, better known as Stefan Dušan (r.1331–1355), who crowned himself the emperor “of the Serbs and the Greeks” in 1346. The empire effectively existed in name until the death of Dušan's son Uroš in 1371, when it split into smaller parts.
Suez Crisis and the end of empire
Authors: Smith Simon C. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Suez crisis of 1956, which was precipitated by the President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956, culminated in an Anglo‐French‐Israeli assault on Egypt at the end of the year. Although militarily successful, the attack was halted before the Canal had been re‐occupied by a combination of economic and diplomatic pressure on the three aggressors. The impact of the Suez crisis on the end of European empires, especially the British and French, is contested although recent studies have sought to downplay its role in rapid decolonization after 1956.