bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anmerkungen zum Regelbegriff
Authors: Schulte Joachim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper is an attempt at a continuous, though certainly incomplete, commentary on Wittgenstein’s remarks on rules and rule-following in PI, §§ 80 - 86. On the one hand, these remarks are seen as fitting in with their immediate context (proper names, exactness and its opposite), on the other, as anticipating in some ways, but at the same time differing in other ways from, the famous and much-discussed observations on rule-following in §§ 185 ff. The notion of a rule which emerges from this discussion is not easy to reconcile with widespread ideas about ‘rule-governed activities’, where at least some of the rules involved are not supposed to be public (at any rate not as public as Wittgenstein’s arrows and signposts) nor stateable and deliberately obeyed or flouted (as in the examples mentioned by Wittgenstein).
„Kann man eine Handlung in allen ihren Einzelheiten kennen und trotzdem nicht wissen, ob sie gut ist?“
Authors: Raatzsch Richard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWenn wir von einer Handlung, die wir moralisch so oder anders beurteilen, etwas Zusätzliches erfahren, ändern wir zuweilen unser Urteil, kehren es vielleicht geradezu um.Was legt diese Erinnerung nahe, wenn wir eine Handlung so gut kennen, dass kein zusätzliches Wissen mehr möglich ist, wenn wir, wie Wittgenstein in den 30em es ausdrückt, „eine Handlung in allen ihren Einzelheiten kennen“?Wissen wir dann (auch), ob sie gut ist, oder nicht? - Im Text wird dieser Frage nachgegangen und aufzuzeigen versucht, warum sie, nicht nur in Wittgensteins Augen, von großer Wichtigkeit ist. Dies geschieht unter anderem dadurch, dass einige der Folgen angedeutet werden, die eine positive Antwort auf die Frage nach sich zieht. Das geschieht u. a. im Anschluss an zwei Gedanken Meister Eckeharts.
The von Wright and Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Helsinki (WWA)
Authors: Wallgren Thomas , Österman Bernt 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn 1948 the then 32 year old Finnish philosopher Georg Henrik von Wright (1916-2003) succeeded Ludwig Wittgenstein as professor of philosophy at Cambridge. When Wittgenstein died in 1951 Elisabeth Anscombe, Rush Rhees and Georg Henrik von Wright became the executors of Wittgenstein’s literary estate.Von Wright played a major role in the editing and publishing of Wittgenstein’s work for over fifty years. In the course of his work as a literary executor von Wright founded the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Helsinki. The Archives was frequently used by Wittgenstein scholars during von Wright’s lifetime. After his death the Archives has been enriched with new material such as early versions of published works by von Wright, his unpublished manuscripts and lectures, and a large collection of letters to and from von Wright related to the editing and publication of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. There is now also a small section for Wittgenstein and von Wright memorabilia. In 2009 the Archives was renamed “The von Wright and Wittgenstein Archives” (WWA) and reopened. Its holdings are again wholly accessible on location to visiting researchers.WWA also seeks to provide increasing access to its material through its website.
Sensory Flow as a Basis for a Novel Distance Cue in Freely Behaving Electric Fish
Authors: Hofmann Volker , Sanguinetti-Scheck Juan Ignacio , Gómez-Sena Leonel , Engelmann Jacob 
Published: November 2016

The sensory input that an animal receives is directly linked to its motor activity. Behavior thus enables animals to influence their sensory input, a concept referred to as active sensing. How such behavior can serve as a scaffold for generating sensory information is of general scientific interest. In this article, we investigate how behavior can shape sensory information by using some unique features of the sensorimotor system of the weakly electric fish. Based on quantitative behavioral characterizations and computational reconstruction of sensory input, we show how electrosensory flow is actively created during highly patterned, spontaneous behavior in Gnathonemus petersii. The spatiotemporal structure of the sensory input provides information for the computation of a novel distance cue, which allows for a continuous estimation of distance. This has significant advantages over previously known nondynamic distance estimators as determined from electric image blur. Our investigation of the sensorimotor interactions in pulsatile electrolocation shows, for the first time, that the electrosensory flow contains behaviorally relevant information accessible only through active behavior. As patterned sensory behaviors are a shared feature of (active) sensory systems, our results have general implications for the understanding of (active) sensing, with the proposed sensory flow-based measure being potentially pertinent to a broad range of sensory modalities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcquisition of sensory information depends on motion, as either an animal or its sensors move. Behavior can thus actively influence the sensory flow; and in this way, behavior can be seen as a manifestation of the brain's integrative functions. The properties of the active pulsatile electrolocation system in Gnathonemus petersii allow for the sensory input to be computationally reconstructed, enabling us to link the informational content of spatiotemporal sensory dynamics to behavior. Our study reveals a novel sensory cue for estimating depth that is actively generated by the fishes' behavior. The physical and behavioral similarities between electrolocation and other active sensory systems suggest that this may be a mechanism shared by (active) sensory systems.
Effects of age on left atrial volume and strain parameters using echocardiography in a normal black population
Authors: Meel Ruchika , Khandheria Bijoy K. , Peters Ferande , Libhaber Elena , Nel Samantha , Essop Mohammed R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective: Normal cut-off values for left atrial (LA) size and function may be altered by aging and ethnic differences. No age-related reference values for LA volumetric measurements or LA strain exist in Africans. We aimed to establish normal age-appropriate values of LA size and function in black Africans. Additionally, we studied the correlation between age, LA strain and volumetric parameters.Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study of 120 individuals (mean age 38.7±12.8 years, 50% men), subjects were classified into four age groups: 18-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-70 years. LA volumes were measured by biplane Simpson’s method, and Philips QLAB 9 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) speckle-tracking software was used to measure LA peak strain in the reservoir (ƐR) and contractile phase (ƐCT).Results: No significant differences in the maximum and minimum LAVi were noted among the four age categories (P=0.1,P=0.2). LA volumetric function assessment showed no difference in reservoir function between age groups (P<0.05), conduit function decreased with advancing age (r=−0.3,P<0.001) and booster function displayed a significant increase with age (LA active emptying volume index,P=0.001). There was a significant decrease in LAƐR(P<0.0001) in the older age groups, whereasƐCTremained unchanged (P=0.27).p ]Conclusion: Age-related changes in LA reservoir, conduit and contractile function in black Africans are similar to those observed in other populations, as was the trend of decliningƐRwith advancing age. The preservation ofƐCTwith increasing age requires further analysis.
Classification of cut slopes in weathered meta-sedimentary bedrocks
Authors: Nkpadobi Johnbosco Ikenna , Raj John Kuna , Ng Tham Fatt 
Published: December 2016

In order of abundance, the meta-sedimentary rocks along Pos Selim Highway in Perak state Malaysia comprise quartz mica schist, graphitic schist, and quartzite layers. Field investigations revealed that these meta-sedimentary rocks have gradational weathering profile based on differences particularly in textures, hardness, lateral changes in colour, and consistency of material extension. The results from uniaxial compressive strength tests confirmed field observations whereby failure occurred mostly on outcrops having joints almost perpendicular to foliation. From the kinematic analyses, the investigated cut slopes are unstable with possibilities of wedge and planar failures. Application of rock mass classification schemes including Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) yielded almost similar poor to good quality ranges for each investigated rock mass. While Slope Mass Rating (SMR) classified the cut slopes from stable to unstable slopes, this study categorized them into one actively unstable, four marginally stable and five stable slopes. ResumenEn orden de abundancia, las rocas metasedimentarias a lo largo de la carretera Pos Selim, en el estado Perak de Malasia, se componen de esquistos de cuarzo mica, esquistos de grafito y capas de cuarzo. Las investigaciones de campo revelan que estas rocas metasedimentarias tienen perfiles de meteorización progresiva basados en diferencias particulares como textura, dureza, cambios laterales de color y consistencia del material de extensión. Los resultados de los ensayos uniaxiales de esfuerzo de compresión confirmaron las observaciones de campo por las cuales se estableció que las fallas ocurrieron mayormente en los afloramientos con coyunturas perpendiculares hacia la foliación. De los análisis cinemáticos se desprende que los taludes de corte investigados son inestables con posibilidades de fallas planas y de cuña. La utilización de esquemas de clasificación rocosa como el índice RQD (del inglés Rock Quality Designation) y la clasificación geomecánica de Bienawski o RMR (del inglés Rock Mass Rating) evidencia rangos similares de baja y buena calidad para cada masa rocosa estudiada. Mientras que el índice de taludes SMR (del inglés Slope Mass Rating) clasificó los taludes de corte de estables a inestables, este estudio los categorizó de uno activamente inestable, cuatro marginalmente estables y cinco estables.
Research into the effects of seawater velocity variation on migration imaging in deep-water geology
Authors: Sun Hui , Sun Jianguo , Han Fuxing , Sun Zhangqing , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Mingchen , Huang Xingguo 
Published: December 2016

This paper aims at the problem that in deep water the migration quality is poor, and starts with the influence that velocity model accuracy has on migration, studying influence that variable seawater velocity makes on migration effect. At first, variable seawater velocity influenced by temperature, pressure and salinity is defined to replace the true seawater velocity. Then variable seawater velocity’s influence on interface migration location, layer sickness and migration energy focusing degree are analyzed in theory. And finally a deep water layered medium model containing variable seawater velocity, a syncline wedge shape model and a complex seafloor velocity model are constructed. By changing the seawater velocity of each model and comparing migration results of constant seawater-velocity model and variable seawater-velocity model, we can draw the conclusion: Under the condition of deep water, variable seawater-velocity’s impact on the quality of seismic migration is significant, which not only can change the location of geologic body migration result, but also can influence the resolution of geologic interface in the migration section and maybe can cause migration illusion. Investigación de los efectos de la variación en la velocidad del agua marina sobre las imágenes de migración en la geología de aguas profundasResumenEste artículo se enfoca en el problema de la baja calidad de la migración en aguas profundas. Se analiza la influencia que tiene el modelo de precisión de velocidad en la migración y se estudia el impacto que la variación de velocidad del agua marina tiene en el efecto de movimiento. En primera instancia, se define la variación de la velocidad del agua marina afectada por la temperatura, la presión y la salinidad para reemplazar la velocidad del agua marina actual. Luego se analiza la teoría de la influencia de la velocidad del agua marina sobre la interfaz de la ubicación de migración, el grosor de la capa y la energía de movimiento de acuerdo con la inclinación. Además, finalmente, se construyó un modelo medio por capas de aguas profundas que contiene las variaciones de velocidad del agua marina, un modelo de forma de cuña sinclinal, y un modelo de complejo de velocidades del lecho marino. Al cambiar la velocidad del agua marina en cada modelo y comparar los resultados de migración del modelo de velocidad de agua marina constante con los del modelo modelo de velocidad variable se encontró la conclusión. Bajo las condiciones de agua profunda, el impacto de la variación de la velocidad del agua es significativo en la migración sísmica, lo que no solo puede cambiar el resultado de migración en la ubicación del cuerpo geológico sino que además puede influir en la resolución de la interconexión geológica en la sección de movimiento y podría causar la ilusión de migración.
Produksi Berudu Kodok Lembu (Rana Catesbeina, Shaw)
Authors: Sadili Enan , Muharam Cecep 
Published: November 2016

Abstrak lengkap dapat dilihat pada full.PDFPeningkatan kualitas pakan dari stadia larva hingga berudu pada kegiatan produksi berudu kodok Lembu telah menghasilkan berudu turunan dari induk asli Sukabumi.
APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF SELECTED FEED INGREDIENTS IN DIETS FOR MUD CRAB (Scylla paramamosain)
Authors: Suwirya Ketut , Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Marzuqi Muhammad , Sagala Sophia Lasma 
Published: November 2016

Cultured mud crabs (Scylla spp.) are commonly fed with ‘trash’ fish. Insufficient supply, high cost and variable quality of ‘trash’ fish has lead to a need to develop costeffective and environmentally friendly formulated diets. This study was conducted to determine quality of selected feed ingredients as protein sources in mud crab diets based on their nutrient composition and digestibility coefficients for dry matter (ADMD), crude protein, lipid and energy. The digestibility coefficients for ADMD ranged from 82.46% to 89.20%. Animal-based feedstuffs such as shrimp head, tiny shrimp and squid liver meal had higher ADMD values than fish meal. Of the plant-based feedstuffs, soy bean meal had the highest ADMD values (89.20%) and corn gluten had the lowest (82.46%). Corn gluten had the lowest protein digestibility (78.81%) and soy bean meal had the highest (96.05%). The lowest energy digestibility (71.13%) was obtained in corn gluten meal. Soy bean meal had a higher energy digestibility value (98.48%) than fish meal (85.95%). All animal meal sources had similar energy digestibility values (85.86%—92.09%).
PENGARUH KADAR PROTEIN DAN LEMAK PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KOMPOSISI BADAN IKAN KERAPU MACAN, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Authors: Usman Usman , Palinggi Neltje Nobertine , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Makmur Makmur , Rachmansyah Rachmansyah 
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kebutuhan optimum kadar protein dan lemak pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan ikan kerapu macan ukuran konsumsi. Sembilan pakan uji dibuat dalam bentuk moist pelet dengan tiga dosis protein (46%, 49%, dan 52%) dan tiga dosis lemak (9%, 11%, dan 13%). Ikan uji dipelihara dalam 27 keramba jaring apung ukuran 1 m x 1 m x 2 m selama 140 hari, diberi pakan uji secara satiasi dua kali sehari dan diset dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial berdasarkan kelompok ukuran bobot awal ikan yaitu (i) 122,0±4,2 g; (ii) 144,0±7,1 g; dan (iii) 172,9±10,5 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan ikan relatif sama (>0,05) di antara perlakuan. Efisiensi pakan cenderung meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar protein dan lemak pakan. Tingkat efisiensi pemanfaatan protein cenderung menurun dengan meningkatnya kadar protein pakan, tetapi meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar lemak pakan. Hasil analisis proksimat badan ikan menunjukkan bahwa kadar bahan kering dan lemak ikan relatif tidak dipengaruhi (P>0,05) oleh peningkatan kadar protein pakan, namun kadar bahan kering dan lemak ikan tersebut sedikit naik dengan meningkatnya kadar lemak pakan. Kadar protein dan abu ikan relatif tidak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan kadar protein dan lemak pakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini tampak bahwa pakan dengan kadar protein 49% dan lemak sekitar 11% mampu memberikan pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan ikan kerapu macan yang baik.This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for growth and body composition of tiger grouper. Nine dietary experiments were formulated to moist pellet contain three levels of protein (46%, 49%, and 52%) and three levels of lipid (9%, 11%, and 13%). The fish were fed twice daily to satiation for 140 days in twenty seven net cages of 1 m x 1 m x 2 m, were set up factorial randomized block design based on fish size group i.e. (i) 122.0±4.2 g, (ii) 144.0±7.1 g, and (iii) 172.9±10.5 g. The results shown that specific growth rate and survival rate were not significant different (P>0.05) for all treatments. Feed efficiency increased when protein and lipid content increased. Protein efficiency decreased when protein diets increased and increased when lipid diets increased. No interaction occurred between protein and lipid content to all observable biological variables. Dry matter and lipid content of test fish were not affected by protein diets increase but by lipid diet content. Protein and ash of test fish were not affected by either protein or lipid contained in diet. To assure high growth rates and high quality of fish product, it is suggested to feed tiger grouper with diet containing 49% protein and 11% lipid.
PENYIMPANAN ROTIFERA INSTAN (Brachionus rotundiformis) PADA SUHU YANG BERBEDA DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN MIKROALGA KONSENTRAT
Authors: Erlania Erlania , Widjaja Fifi , Adiwilaga Enan Mulyana 
Published: November 2016

Keberhasilan kegiatan budidaya perikanan harus ditunjang dengan ketersediaan benih yang berkesinambungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan juga ketersediaan pakan alami larva berupa rotifera (Brachionus rotundiformis). Desain percobaan berupa rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor dan lima ulangan diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Sebagai perlakuan berupa suhu ruang penyimpanan (suhu kamar, suhu ruang AC, dan suhu refrigerator/lemari es) dan pakan mikroalga konsentrat (monospesies dan multispesies). Bakteri probiotik juga digunakan sebagai pengontrol kualitas air. Spesies mikroalga yang digunakan adalah Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp., Isochrysis sp., dan Pavlova sp. Parameter yang diukur adalah kelimpahan rotifera dan parameter kualitas air media kultur (pH, salinitas, DO, dan NH3). Analisis data terdiri atas analisis regresi, analisis ragam, dan uji keparalelan. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air selama penyimpanan menunjukkan kondisi media yang relatif stabil dan merupakan kisaran optimum bagi pertumbuhan B. rotundiformis. Kelimpahan maksimum tertinggi dari B. rotundiformis baik pada perlakuan pakan monospesies maupun multispesies alga adalah pada suhu kamar. Dari interaksi kedua perlakuan, diperoleh kelimpahan akhir tertinggi pada suhu ruang AC–pakan multispesies. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rotifera dapat disimpan lebih lama pada suhu ruang AC dengan pemberian pakan multispesies alga.The success of any aquaculture practices should be supported by sustainable supply of fish fry. Therefore, the availability of rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis) as natural feed for fish larvae is required. The research was arranged in factorial design with two treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of different room storage temperatures (refrigerator, room temperature, and room with air conditioner/AC) and microalgae concentrate added as rotifer feed (monospecies and multispecies algae). Probiotic bacteria was used to control water quality. Mikroalgae species consisted of Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp., Isochrysis sp., and Pavlova sp. Parameters measured were rotifer density and water quality of rotifer media (pH, salinity, DO, and NH3). Data analysis included regression analysis, analysis of varians and parallel testing. The results of water quality parameters during rotifer storage showed that media conditions were relatively stable and optimal for B. rotundiformis growth. The result of treatments interaction showed that the highest maximum density of rotifer at the end of the research was achieved by rotifer stored in air conditioned room fed with multispecies algae. This showed that rotifers can be stored longer in room storage with AC and fed by multispecies algae.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL EM HIPERTENSOS PRATICANTES DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA
Authors: Gomes Ferreira Elenice , Almeida Pereira Patrícia , Nogueira Costa Andiárie , Dias Antunes Mateus , Vicentini de Oliveira Daniel 
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar a alteração da pressão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos usuários de uma das Academias da Terceira Idade em dois horários diferentes do dia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional de corte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 40 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, hipertensos, e que faziam o uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos, com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos, usuários das Academias da Terceira Idade do município de Maringá, estado do Paraná. Estatura, peso, índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal, aferição da pressão arterial e avaliação da qualidade de vida por meio do Minichal-Brasil, foram as variáveis analisadas. Baseado em estatística descritiva por meio de números absolutos e relativos, média e desvio padrão os dados foram apresentados. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 60,55 anos. Ambos os sexos apresentaram sobrepeso, sendo que as mulheres obtiveram maiores índices de circunferência abdominal. Foram semelhantes os níveis pressóricos sistólicos estando entre os parâmetros de normalidade, já os diastólicos após a realização do exercício físico quando comparados com as mensurações iniciais, não houve grandes alterações em ambos os períodos de aferição diária. Conclusão: Conclui-se que não houve grandes alterações da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica nas diferentes faixas etárias de acordo com o turno da manhã e da noite de forma a expor os indivíduos a ataques cardiovasculares. Indivíduos hipertensos, praticantes de atividades físicas e que fazem o uso regular de medicamento anti-hipertensivo, mostraram manter uma boa qualidade de vida.
Sveikatingumo industrijos specialistų pasitenkinimas darbu
Authors: Labanauskaitė Indrė , Fominienė Vilija Bitė 
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje pristatomos pasitenkinimo darbu sampratos ir nustatytas sveikatingumo industrijos įmonės specialistų pasitenkinimo darbu lygis, atskleidžiant jų svarbą organizacijai. Šio tyrimo objektu pasirinktas sveikatingumo industrijos specia-listų pasitenkinimo darbu lygis. Tyrimo problema – kokiu pasitenkinimo darbu lygiu pasižymi sveikatingumo industrijos specialistai? Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti sveikatingumo industrijos darbuotojų pasitenkinimo darbu lygį. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, anketinė apklausa, statistinė duomenų analizė. Uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti pasitenkinimo darbu svarbą darbuotojui ir organizacijai. 2. Ištirti darbuotojų pasitenkinimo darbu lygį. Išvados: 1. Pasitenkinimas darbu yra svarbus veiksnys, lemiantis teigiamą darbuotojo emocinę reakciją ir požiūrį į ryšio tarp darbuotojo ir organizacijos stiprumą. 2. Sveikatingumo industrijos specialistų pasitenkinimo darbu lygis yra aukštas, todėl galima teigti, kad dauguma darbuotojų yra patenkinti savo atliekamu darbu.