bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production-Logging Tools Facilitate Well Testing in Challenging Environments
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper IPTC 17771, “Well Testing in Challenging Environments: A Case Study From Onshore China,” by Xin Ling Peng, Mei Sheng Liang, Jie Hu, Xiao Lei Wu, and Dong Lin Qin, Sinopec, and Prasanna Tellapaneni, Bo Nan Ren, Tao Zhang, and Zhi Hong Guo, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2014 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 10–12 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The Pugang gas field, one of the biggest inland gas discoveries of the last decade in China, has hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations as high as 10%, making surface- and downhole-facilities design and execution challenging. Testing these wells also is difficult because of the surface risks inherent in conventional testing. Well testing using production-logging tools recently has been introduced in this field and has been of tremendous benefit to the operator in identifying the inflow zones and in performing welltest analysis.
Field Introduction
The Pugang gas field, discovered in 2002, is the second-largest gas field in China and the largest sour field discovered in the last decade. This field is north of Chongqing in the Sichuan basin. The reservoir fluid in this field is dry gas with high H2S (14.4%) and carbon dioxide (CO2) content (9.91%). The field is flanked on the west with a gas/water contact at 5140-m true vertical depth subsea. With no voidage-replacement mechanism in place yet, the production of water because of the contact movement is also a concern for the operator. Therefore, production logging as a reservoir-monitoring and -surveillance tool has been used since 2010, and more than 18 wells have been tested to date.
Gas in the Pugang field is mainly contained in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan and Upper Permian Changxing formations. These carbonates are open-platform carbonates, mainly platformmargin shoal and reef sediments. The Feixianguan formation is composed mainly of carbonate platform- margin shoal and evaporitic environments. The main porosity types in the Feixianguan formation include intercrystalline, solution-enlarged intercrystalline, solution vugs, and compressional microfractures. Normally, the solution porosity is connected by fractures, which gives rise to the high permeability observed in this formation.
The Role of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy in the Management of Degenerative Meniscus Tears: A Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Azam Mohsin , Shenoy Ravi 
Published: January 2017

Background:The use of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for middle aged to older adults with knee pain is one of the most common surgical procedures with approximately 150,000 knee arthroscopies being carried out in the United Kingdom each year, and about five times that number in the United States. Despite this, the procedure remains controversial. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the role of arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients with degenerative meniscus tears and suggest recommendations for clinical practice.Methods:A thorough literature search was performed using available databases, including Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library to cover important randomised control trials surrounding the use of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.Results:The majority of randomised control trials suggest that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is not superior to conservative measures such as exercise programmes. Furthermore, one randomised control trial found that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy was not even superior to sham surgery.Conclusion:There is significant overtreatment of knee pain with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy when alternative, less invasive and less expensive treatment options are equally effective. First-line treatment of degenerative meniscus tears should be non-operative therapy focused on analgesia and physical therapy to provide pain relief as well as improve mechanical function of the knee joint. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should be considered as a last resort when extensive exercise programmes and physiotherapy have been tried and failed.
An Update into the Application of Nanotechnology in Bone Healing
Authors: Brannigan K. , Griffin M. 
Published: January 2017

Background:Bone differs from other organs in that it can regenerate and remodel without scar formation. There are instances of trauma, congenital bone disorder, bone disease and bone cancer where this is not possible. Without bone grafts and implants, deformity and disability would result.Human bone grafts are limited in their management of large or non-union fractures. In response, synthetic bone grafts and implants are available to the Orthopaedic Surgeon. Unfortunately these also have their limitations and associated complications.Nanotechnology involves the research, design and manufacture of materials with a grain size less than 100nm. Nano-phase materials follow the laws of quantum physics, not classical mechanics, resulting in novel behavioural differences compared to conventional counterparts.Methods:Past, present and future nanotechnology in bone healing literature is reviewed and discussed. The article highlights concepts which are likely to be instrumental to the future of nanotechnology in bone healing.Results:Nanotechnology in bone healing is an emerging field within Orthopaedic Surgery. There is a requirement for bone healing technologies which are biochemically and structurally similar to bone. Nanotechnology is a potential solution as the arrangement of bone includes nanoscopic collagen fibres and hydroxyapatite.This review centers on the novel field of nanotechnology in bone healing with discussion focusing on advances in bone grafts, implants, diagnostics and drug delivery.Conclusion:The concept of nanotechnology was first introduced in 1959. Current nanoproducts for bone healing include nano-HA-paste-ostim and nano-beta-tricalcium phosphate-Vitoss.Nanophase technologies are considered to be superior bone healing solutions. Limited safety data and issues regarding cost and mass scale production require further research into this exciting field.
An update on the Application of Nanotechnology in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Griffin MF , Kalaskar DM , Seifalian A. , Butler PE 
Published: January 2017

Background:Natural bone is a complex and hierarchical structure. Bone possesses an extracellular matrix that has a precise nano-sized environment to encourage osteoblasts to lay down bone by directing them through physical and chemical cues. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the scaffolds to mimic the native bone structure. Nanomaterials, with features on the nanoscale have shown the ability to provide the appropriate matrix environment to guide cell adhesion, migration and differentiation.Methods:This review summarises the new developments in bone tissue engineering using nanobiomaterials. The design and selection of fabrication methods and biomaterial types for bone tissue engineering will be reviewed. The interactions of cells with different nanostructured scaffolds will be discussed including nanocomposites, nanofibres and nanoparticles.Results:Several composite nanomaterials have been able to mimic the architecture of natural bone. Bioceramics biomaterials have shown to be very useful biomaterials for bone tissue engineering as they have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Nanofibrous scaffolds have the ability to provide the appropriate matrix environment as they can mimic the extracellular matrix structure of bone. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver bioactive molecules and label and track stem cells.Conclusion:Future studies to improve the application of nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering are needed.
Nanohydroxyapatite Effect on the Degradation, Osteoconduction and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Bone Tissue Engineered Scaffolds
Authors: Salmasi Shima , Nayyer Leila , Seifalian Alexander M. , Blunn Gordon W. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDStatistical reports show that every year around the world approximately 15 million bone fractures occur; of which up to 10% fail to heal completely and hence lead to complications of non-union healing. In the past, autografts or allografts were used as the “gold standard” of treating such defects. However, due to various limitations and risks associated with these sources of bone grafts, other avenues have been extensively investigated through which bone tissue engineering; in particular engineering of synthetic bone graft substitutes, has been recognised as a promising alternative to the traditional methods.METHODSA selective literature search was performed.RESULTSBone tissue engineering offers unlimited supply, eliminated risk of disease transmission and relatively low cost. It could also lead to patient specific design and manufacture of implants, prosthesis and bone related devices. A potentially promising building block for a suitable scaffold is synthetic nanohydroxyapatite incorporated into synthetic polymers. Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite into synthetic polymers has shown promising bioactivity, osteoconductivity, mechanical properties and degradation profile compared to other techniques previously considered.CONCLUSIONScientific research, through extensive physiochemical characterisation,in vitroandin vivoassessment has brought together the optimum characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and various types of synthetic polymers in order to develop nanocomposites of suitable nature for bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present article is to review and update various aspects involved in incorporation of synthetic nanohydroxyapatite into synthetic polymers, in terms of their potentials to promote bone growth and regenerationin vitro,in vivoand consequently in clinical applications.
Efektifitas Latihan Birth Ball Terhadap Efikasi Diri Primipara dengan Persalinan Normal
Authors: Sriwenda Djudju , Yulinda Yulinda 
Published: January 2017

<em>Stress, fear and anxiety are the factors which having contribution of pain perseption those influence labor process and birth experience.Birth ball is not only a non farmacological pain relief but also increasing emotional and psychlogical care. Self effiacy is a belief or an abiity to exert her ability to pass adversity in labor process. These is an important aspect which influence women motivation to make birth normally. It was quasi–experiment research. Treatment group was given birth ball exercise since 32 weeks of gestation until before labor process.Research period is from june until october 2014 at 5 (five) privat midwife's private clinic and used consecutive sampling. The research analysis used t-independent to compare self efficacy level on control and treatment group that was taken at first self efficacy test. It also used t-independet on those group to compare self efficacy level at second test. In conclusion, there was influence of birth ball exercise to self efficacy of primiparous with normal labor, there was no difference on self efficacy level at 4 cm cervic dilatation on both groups, also there was 6.48 point of self efficacy level increase at 4 cm and 8 cm cervic dilatation after doing birth ball exercise. Birth ball exercise shoud be done since third trimester of pregnancy, which can be held integrated in antenatal class. There shoud be variety at physic exercise facility for pregnant woman and parturient at health services.</em>
Grandes urbes y nuevas visibilidades de la diversidad
Authors: Tamagno Liliana Ester , Maidana Carolina Andrea 
Published: January 2017

Resumen: En el presente trabajo reflexionaremos sobre las dialécticas: tradición/modernidad, local/global, formal/informal, pasado/presente, memorias/aprendizajes en surelación con las migraciones indígenas, y las respuestas de esta población a las condiciones dela vida urbana. El análisis de las migraciones internas entendidas como desplazamientos de individuos y/o colectivos en busca de trabajo y de mejores condiciones de existencia (Castells,1979 y Tamagno, 2001) y la relación entre urbanización, desigualdad y diversidad se realizaen este trabajo poniendo énfasis en los denominados “procesos de territorialización”, noción quenos permite dar lugar a la comprensión de las formas en que los territorios de pertenencia seconstruyen históricamente como resultado de la conjunción de factores políticos, económicos y socioculturales; algo de suma importancia dado el actual contexto de demandas territoriales y de la consecuente lucha por legitimar las presencias indígenas en el medio urbano.Palabras clave: Ciudad; indígenas; migración; nucleamientos; procesosde territorialización. Abstract: This paper addresses the dialectics tradition/modernity, local/global,formal/informal, past /present, memory/learning, related to indigenous migration and there sponses of this population to the urban life conditions. The analysis of internal migration movements is understood as the product of individuals or groups looking for jobs and forbetter living conditions (Castells, 1979 and Tamagno, 2001), and the relationship between urbanization, inequality and diversity is emphasized in what we call “territorializationprocesses”, a concept that allows us to understand how the belonging territories are historical lyconstructed as a result of political, economic and sociocultural factors. these are very relevantissues if we consider the current context of territorial claims and the consequent struggle tolegitimize the indigenous presence in urban areas.Keywords: City; indians; migration; nucleations; territorialization processes.
A urbanização de fronteiras e as relações latino-americanas: estudo de caso das vilas de Itaipu
Authors: Victal Jane , Souza Adelita Araujo de 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: As cidades brasileiras nas áreas de fronteira sempre estiveram em segundo plano nas políticas urbanas do país. Enquanto no litoral Atlântico a posição geográfica privilegiava a urbanização, nas áreas de fronteira esse processo ficou ofuscado, dificultando a inserção destas às dinâmicas nacionais. O isolamento contribuiu para a formação de conexões internacionais, criando espaços peculiares nas relações econômicas, sociais e políticas latinoamericanas. A urbanização da tríplice fronteira – Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai – é um caso emblemático nesse contexto. A Usina Itaipu Binacional, construída entre 1975 e 1982 tratoude acordos internacionais para a exploração do rio Paraná e também da pretensão dos países em desenvolver seus territórios. A usina produziu um plano de urbanização que uniu tanto as necessidades habitacionais, quanto os anseios políticos dos países. Em 30 anos, diversas relações se formaram e servem de base para a compreensão de particularidades no desenho urbano em cada lado da fronteira.Palavras-chave Cidades gêmeas; fronteira; geopolítica; Itaipu Binacional; vilas habitacionais. Abstract: Brazilian border cities have always been secondary for the Country’surban policies. While in the Atlantic Coast, the geographical position privileged urbanization,in the border areas this process was obscured and the insertion of border cities in nationaldynamics has been difficult. The isolation has contributed to the formation of international connections, creating unique spaces for Latin American relations. The urbanization of the triple border – Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay – is an emblematic case in this context. Itaipu Binacional hydroeletric plant, built between 1975 and 1982, dealt with international agreements for the exploitation of the Paraná River and also the desire of countries to developtheir territories. The plant produced an urbanization plan combining housing needs andthe countries’s political projects. The relations formed in three decades serve as a basis for understanding the particularities of urban design on each side of the border.Keywords: Border; geopolitics, housing villages; Itaipu Binacional; twin cities.
Agronegócio e novas regionalizações no Brasil
Authors: Elias Denise 
Published: January 2017

As transformações ocorridas na atividade agropecuária brasileira nas últimas cinco décadas têm profundos impactos sobre a (re)organização do território brasileiro, resultando em novos arranjos territoriais. Entre esses, destacam-se os inerentes ao agronegócio globalizado, áreas escolhidas para receber os mais expressivos investimentos produtivos do setor, representando suas áreas mais competitivas, as quais denominamos Regiões Produtivas Agrícolas (RPAs). Os principais objetivos desse texto são: debater a noção de RPA; apresentar os elementos de identificação e caracterização da mencionada região; aperfeiçoar o caminho analítico que vem sendo trilhado e incrementar a noção no contexto dos estudos geográficos, na perspectiva de uma possível consolidação conceitual dessa ideia. Palavras-chave: agronegócio; urbanização dispersa; reestruturação urbana e regional. Abstract: The changes in the agricultural activity in the last five decades have profound impacts on the (re) organization of the Brazilian territory, resulting in new territorial arrangements. Among them, we high light those related to agribusiness globalized areas chosen to receive the most significant productive investments in the sector, that represent its most competitive areas, which we are calling Productive Agricultural Regions (RPA). The main objectives of this paper are: to discuss the concept of Productive Agricultural Region (RPA); to present evidences for the identification and characterization of the mentioned region; to improve the analytical path that has been trodden in the context of geographic studies, in order to consolidate this conceptual idea. Keywords: agribusiness; disperse urbanization; urban and regional restructuring.
Novas determinações sobre as questões regional e urbana após 1980
Authors: Cano Wilson 
Published: January 2017

Entre 1930 e 1980 as principais determinações sobre nossa urbanização, integração do mercado nacional e desenvolvimento regional decorreram basicamente da industrialização, da política macroeconômica e de políticas de desenvolvimento regional. Após 1980, com a “Década perdida” e as políticas neoliberais, aquelas determinações foram em grande parte modificadas pelas novas formas de nossa inserção externa, pelo câmbio apreciado e juro alto, e pela Guerra Fiscal. Assim, além dos determinantes anteriores – enfraquecidos –, há os novos, de sentido nacional, sendo alguns específicos a cada região. Em que pese as mudanças, os efeitos nocivos de nossa forma de crescer e de nossa urbanização se transmitiram a todo o território nacional. O artigo se encerra com uma proposta de Agenda de Pesquisa sobre os temas regional e urbano para o período 1980-2010, com intuito de entender melhor aquelas determinações e efeitos desses processos. Palavras-chave: questão regional; urbanização; novos determinantes; guerra fiscal; fronteira agro-mineral; inserção externa. Abstract: Between 1930 and 1980, urbanization process, domestic market integration and regional development in Brazil were basically determined by the combination of industrialization process, macroeconomic and regional development policies. After 1980, as a result of the so called “Lost decade” and the implementation of neoliberal policies, those determinants were significantly modified by the new paths of external insertion, overvalued exchange rate, high interest rates, and “fiscal war” between regions. Beyond those weakened previous determinants, new ones have aroused; some are national and others specific to each region. Despite the changes in the determinants mentioned above, the harmful side-effects of the economic growth and urbanization processes have affected the whole national territory. As a conclusion, the article proposes a Research Agenda focused on regional and urban subjects for the period 1980-2010 in order to better understand how those determinants have affected these processes. Keywords: regional development; urbanization; new determinants; fiscal war; Brazil’s international position.
Estudos recentes sobre a rede urbana brasileira: diferenças e complementaridades
Authors: Vieira Alessandra D’Ávila , Nizzola Liliane Janine , Kallas Luana Miranda Esper , Brito Manuelita Falcão , Schvasberg Benny , Faria Rodrigo Santos de 
Published: January 2017

A classificação da rede urbana brasileira é importante ferramenta de gestão governamental, econômica e social, pois possibilita um direcionamento mais acertado de investimentos urbanos. Partindo-se da análise de três estudos recentes que elaboraram classificações para a Rede Urbana – o primeiro, Configuração Atual e Tendências da Rede Urbana, desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Aplicadas juntamente com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; o segundo, Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional, do Ministério da Integração Nacional, e o terceiro, Tipologia das Cidades Brasileiras, elaborado pelo Observatório das Metrópoles, – percebe-se a permeabilidade e complementaridade entre eles, as grandes contribuições trazidas e o desafio que é produzir uma classificação condizente com a diversidade das cidades brasileiras. Destaca-se ainda como as diferentes leituras da rede urbana incorporam-se às políticas públicas, sendo os estudos realizados parte do processo de construção da política urbana nacional. Assim, acredita-se que grandes desafios foram vencidos. Palavras-chave: cidades; desenvolvimento urbano; gestão governamental; políticas públicas; rede urbana brasileira. Abstract: The Brazilian urban network classification is an important tool of political, economic and social management, since it allows a more accurate direction for urban investments. Analyzing three recent studies that have developed ratings for Urban Network – Configuração Atual e Tendências da Rede Urbana, developed by Instituto de Pesquisas Aplicadas and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional, by Ministério da Integração Nacional, and, Tipologia das Cidades Brasileiras, by Observatório das Metrópoles – we can detect the permeability and complementarity between them, their contributions of them and the challenge to produce a consistent classification with the diversity of Brazilian cities. We highlight how the different interpretations of the urban network are incorporated into public policies, showing that the studies are part of the construction of a national urban policy. In this way, we believe that major challenges have been overcome. Keywords: cities; urban development; public management; public policies; brazilian urban network.
Babel insaciável: modernidade e urbanização nos Estados Unidos conforme Paul Vidal de la Blache
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme 
Published: January 2017

Tendo como ponto de partida o artigo A travers l’Amérique du Nord, publicado em 1905 em La Revue de Paris, pretende-se discutir os impactos da experiência norte-americana na geografia de Vidal de la Blache. Destacando seu interesse para com o fenômeno urbano, pretendemos apresentá-lo como um importante intérprete da modernidade. Palavras-chave: modernidade; urbanização; Estados Unidos; Paul Vidal de la Blache; geografia. Abstract: Taking as a starting point the article A travers l’Amérique du Nord published in 1905 in La Revue de Paris, this paper analyzes the impacts of the American experience in Vidal de la Blache’s geography studies. Emphasizing his concern for the urban phenomenon, we present the geographer as an important analyst of the modernity. Keywords: modernity; urbanization; United States; Paul Vidal de la Blache; geography.