bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Prognostic Factors After Liver Resection for Non‐Colorectal, Non‐Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases and Validation of the Adam Score in an Asian Population
Authors: Sim Dayna P. Y. , Goh Brian K. P. , Lee Ser‐Yee , Chan Chung‐Yip , Tan Iain B. H. , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Jeyaraj Premaraj , Chow Pierce K. H. , Ooi London L. P. J. , Chung Alexander Y. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, the benefit of liver resection for non‐colorectal, non‐neuroendocrine (NCNN) liver metastases has been controversial. This study aims to determine the preoperative prognostic factors of liver resection for NCNN liver metastases and validate the Adam score in an Asian population.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent liver resection for NCNN liver metastases were identified retrospectively from a prospective liver resection database of the single institution between 2001 and 2014. Univariate Cox regression models were used to identify associations with outcome variables. Recurrence‐free interval and overall survival were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log‐rank test.ResultsSeventy‐eight consecutive patients were identified, which met the study criteria. Univariate analysis demonstrated that adenocarcinoma histology of primary cancer, disease‐free interval and number of nodules were significant predictors of survival. Four of the six components of Adam score were significant predictors of survival. These were the presence of extrahepatic metastases, R2 resection, disease‐free interval and type of a primary tumour. The total Adam score was also a significant predictor of survival.ConclusionLiver resection for NCNN liver metastases is a safe and viable treatment option in carefully selected patients. Significant preoperative prognostic factors include adenocarcinoma primary tumours, disease‐free interval and number of nodules. The total Adam score was a good predictor of overall survival and can be used to risk stratify patients undergoing hepatic resection for NCNN liver metastases.
Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and unplanned readmissions among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jung , Zhong Yue , Fillit Howard M. , Cohen Joshua T. , Neumann Peter J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionMedicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) may have more potentially avoidable hospitalizations and readmissions than people without dementia. These hospitalizations may be indicative of access barriers, problems in continuity of care, inefficient resource use, and poor patient outcomes.MethodsWe examined national frequency and costs of ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalizations and unplanned, all‐cause, and condition‐specific 30‐day readmissions in >2.7 million fee‐for‐service ADRD patients using 2013 Medicare claims data.ResultsIn 2013, 410,000 Medicare ADRD patients had ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalizations or unplanned 30‐day readmissions costing $4.7 billion. One in 10 ADRD patients were hospitalized for a potentially avoidable condition. Almost one in five hospitalized ADRD patients had an unplanned 30‐day readmission. Readmission rates were highest among ADRD patients initially hospitalized for heart failure (22%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21%).DiscussionOur findings may suggest potential deficiencies in ambulatory care and postdischarge care related to managing comorbidities among Medicare fee‐for‐service ADRD patients.
Modelling intra-annual dynamics of a major marine-terminating Arctic glacier
Authors: Pimentel Sam , Flowers Gwenn E. , Sharp Martin J. , Danielson Bradley , Copland Luke , Van Wychen Wesley , Duncan Angus , Kavanaugh Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Significant intra-annual variability in flow rates of tidewater-terminating Arctic glaciers has been observed in recent years. These changes may result from oceanic and/or atmospheric forcing through (1) perturbations at the terminus, such as enhanced submarine melt and changes in sea-ice buttressing, or (2) increased surface melt, in response to atmospheric warming, reaching the bed and promoting glacier slip. We examine the influence of these processes on Belcher Glacier, a large fast-flowing tidewater outlet of the Devon Island ice cap in the Canadian Arctic. A hydrologically-coupled higher-order ice flow model is used to estimate changes in glacier flow speed as a result of changes in sea-ice buttressing and hydrologically-driven melt-season dynamics. Daily run-off from five sub-catchments over the 2008 and 2009 melt seasons provides meltwater forcing for the model simulations. Model results are compared with remotely-sensed and in situ ice-surface velocity measurements. Sea-ice effects are found to have a minor influence on glacier flow speed relative to that of meltwater drainage, which is clearly implicated in short-term velocity variations during the melt season. We find that threshold drainage is essential in determining the timing of these short-lived accelerations.
The Transcendental Argument of the Novel
Authors: PLUMER GILBERT 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:Can fictional narration yield knowledge in a way that depends crucially on its being fictional? This is the hard question of literary cognitivism. It is unexceptional that knowledge can be gained from fictional literature in ways that are not dependent on its fictionality (e.g., the science in science fiction). Sometimes fictional narratives are taken to exhibit the structure of suppositional argument, sometimes analogical argument. Of course, neither structure is unique to narratives. The thesis of literary cognitivism would be supported if some novels exhibit a cogent and special argument structure restricted to fictional narratives. I contend that this is the case for a kind of transcendental argument. The reason is the inclusion and pattern of occurrence of the predicate ‘believable’ in the schema. Believability with respect to fictional stories is quite a different thing than it is with respect to nonfictional stories or anything else.
Heat transfer in rapidly rotating convection with heterogeneous thermal boundary conditions
Authors: Mound Jon E. , Davies Christopher J. 
Published: September 2017

Convection in the metallic cores of terrestrial planets is likely to be subjected to lateral variations in heat flux through the outer boundary imposed by creeping flow in the overlying silicate mantles. Boundary anomalies can significantly influence global diagnostics of core convection when the Rayleigh number, $Ra$, is weakly supercritical; however, little is known about the strongly supercritical regime appropriate for planets. We perform numerical simulations of rapidly rotating convection in a spherical shell geometry and impose two patterns of boundary heat flow heterogeneity: a hemispherical $Y_{1}^{1}$ spherical harmonic pattern; and one derived from seismic tomography of the Earth’s lower mantle. We consider Ekman numbers $10^{-4}\leqslant E\leqslant 10^{-6}$, flux-based Rayleigh numbers up to ${\sim}800$ times critical, and a Prandtl number of unity. The amplitude of the lateral variation in heat flux is characterised by $q_{L}^{\ast }=0$, 2.3, 5.0, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the outer boundary heat flux divided by its mean. We find that the Nusselt number, $Nu$, can be increased by up to ${\sim}25\,\%$ relative to the equivalent homogeneous case due to boundary-induced correlations between the radial velocity and temperature anomalies near the top of the shell. The $Nu$ enhancement tends to become greater as the amplitude and length scale of the boundary heterogeneity are increased and as the system becomes more supercritical. This $Ra$ dependence can steepen the $Nu\propto Ra^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}$ scaling in the rotationally dominated regime, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ for our most extreme case approximately 20 % greater than the equivalent homogeneous scaling. Therefore, it may be important to consider boundary heterogeneity when extrapolating numerical results to planetary conditions.
Enabling Near Real-Time Remote Search for Fast Transient Events with Lossy Data Compression
Authors: Vohl Dany , Pritchard Tyler , Andreoni Igor , Cooke Jeffrey , Meade Bernard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a systematic evaluation of JPEG2000 (ISO/IEC 15444) as a transport data format to enable rapid remote searches for fast transient events as part of the Deeper Wider Faster programme. Deeper Wider Faster programme uses ~20 telescopes from radio to gamma rays to perform simultaneous and rapid-response follow-up searches for fast transient events on millisecond-to-hours timescales. Deeper Wider Faster programme search demands have a set of constraints that is becoming common amongst large collaborations. Here, we focus on the rapid optical data component of Deeper Wider Faster programme led by the Dark Energy Camera at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. Each Dark Energy Camera image has 70 total coupled-charged devices saved as a ~1.2 gigabyte FITS file. Near real-time data processing and fast transient candidate identifications—in minutes for rapid follow-up triggers on other telescopes—requires computational power exceeding what is currently available on-site at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. In this context, data files need to be transmitted rapidly to a foreign location for supercomputing post-processing, source finding, visualisation and analysis. This step in the search process poses a major bottleneck, and reducing the data size helps accommodate faster data transmission. To maximise our gain in transfer time and still achieve our science goals, we opt for lossy data compression—keeping in mind that raw data is archived and can be evaluated at a later time. We evaluate how lossy JPEG2000 compression affects the process of finding transients, and find only a negligible effect for compression ratios up to ~25:1. We also find a linear relation between compression ratio and the mean estimated data transmission speed-up factor. Adding highly customised compression and decompression steps to the science pipeline considerably reduces the transmission time—validating its introduction to the Deeper Wider Faster programme science pipeline and enabling science that was otherwise too difficult with current technology.
The Faint Globular Cluster in the Dwarf Galaxy Andromeda I
Authors: Caldwell Nelson , Strader Jay , Sand David J. , Willman Beth , Seth Anil C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObservations of globular clusters in dwarf galaxies can be used to study a variety of topics, including the structure of dark matter halos and the history of vigorous star formation in low-mass galaxies. We report on the properties of the faint globular cluster (MV~ −3.4) in the M31 dwarf galaxy Andromeda I. This object adds to the growing population of low-luminosity Local Group galaxies that host single globular clusters.
Resistance towards monensin is proposed to be acquired in aToxoplasma gondiimodel by reduced invasion and egress activities, in addition to increased intracellular replication
Authors: THABET AHMED , SCHMIDT JOHANNES , BAUMANN SVEN , HONSCHA WALTHER , VON BERGEN MARTIN , DAUGSCHIES ARWID , BANGOURA BERIT 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYMonensin (Mon) is an anticoccidial polyether ionophore widely used to control coccidiosis. The extensive use of polyether ionophores on poultry farms resulted in widespread resistance, but the underlying resistance mechanisms are unknown in detail. For analysing the mode of action by which resistance against polyether ionophores is obtained, we inducedin vitroMon resistance inToxoplasma gondii-RH strain (MonR-RH) and compared it with the sensitive parental strain (Sen-RH). The proteome assessment of MonR-RH and Sen-RH strains was obtained after isotopic labelling using stable isotope labelling by amino acid in cell culture. Relative proteomic quantification between resistant and sensitive strains was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Overall, 1024 proteins were quantified and 52 proteins of them were regulated. The bioinformatic analysis revealed regulation of cytoskeletal and transmembrane proteins being involved in transport mechanisms, metal ion-binding and invasion. During invasion, actin and microneme protein 8 (MIC8) are seem to be important for conoid extrusion and forming moving junction with host cells, respectively. Actin was significantly upregulated, while MIC8 was downregulated, which indicate an invasion reduction in the resistant strain. Resistance against Mon is not a simple process but it involves reduced invasion and egress activity ofT. gondiitachyzoites while intracellular replication is enhanced.
Cryptosporidiuminfecting wild cricetid rodents from the subfamilies Arvicolinae and Neotominae
Authors: STENGER BRIANNA L. S. , HORČIČKOVÁ MICHAELA , CLARK MARK E. , KVÁČ MARTIN , ČONDLOVÁ ŠÁRKA , KHAN EAKALAK , WIDMER GIOVANNI , XIAO LIHUA , GIDDINGS CATHERINE W. , PENNIL CHRISTOPHER , STANKO MICHAL , SAK BOHUMIL , MCEVOY JOHN M. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYWe undertook a study onCryptosporidiumspp. in wild cricetid rodents. Fecal samples were collected from meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi), woodland voles (Microtus pinetorum), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) andPeromyscusspp. mice in North America, and from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and common voles (Microtus arvalis) in Europe. Isolates were characterized by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) and actin genes. Overall, 33·2% (362/1089) of cricetids tested positive forCryptosporidium, with a greater prevalence in cricetids from North America (50·7%; 302/596) than Europe (12·1%; 60/493). Principal Coordinate analysis separated SSU sequences into three major groups (G1-G3), each represented by sequences from North American and European cricetids. A maximum likelihood tree of SSU sequences had low bootstrap support and showed G1 to be more heterogeneous than G2 or G3. Actin and concatenated actin-SSU trees, which were better resolved and had higher bootstrap support than the SSU phylogeny, showed that closely related cricetid hosts in Europe and North America are infected with closely relatedCryptosporidiumgenotypes. Cricetids were not major reservoirs of human pathogenicCryptosporidiumspp.
The stakeholder model paradox: How the globalisation of politics fuels domestic advocacy
Authors: Hanegraaff Marcel , Poletti Arlo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOne of the central assumptions underlying the stakeholder model is that strengthened opportunities for involvement of non-state actors in political procedures hold significant promise for making those procedures more democratically legitimate. However, recent studies show that more open international organisations (IOs) are not perceived as more legitimate by non-state actors. In this article we explore one potential reason to explain this apparent paradox, investigating whether, and under what conditions, strengthened opportunities of stakeholder involvement enable the effective representation of global constituencies. The article shows that globalisation and politicisation of IOs go hand in hand with greater political activity by non-state actors defending domestic, rather than global, interests. Globalisation and politicisation may thus contribute to the exponential growth of the community of non-state actors active at IOs, but they do not make such community more globalised in nature. The article also illustrates that granting greater access to stakeholders in international institutions can somehow mitigate the effects of this underlying structural factors, and that institutional openness disproportionally fosters political activity by civic, rather than business, global stakeholders. We advance these arguments relying on a novel dataset including over eight thousand organisations active at the UN climate conferences and the WTO Ministerial Conferences.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS IMPACTS CANCER CARE FUNDING DECISIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, EVIDENCE FROM 1998 TO 2008
Authors: Ismail Zahra , Peacock Stuart J. , Kovacic Laurel , Hoch Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:The Priorities and Evaluation Committee (PEC) funding recommendations for new cancer drugs in British Columbia, Canada have been based on both clinical and economic evidence. The British Columbia Ministry of Health makes funding decisions. We assessed the association between cost-effectiveness of cancer drugs considered from 1998 to 2008 and the subsequent funding decisions.Methods:All proposals submitted to the PEC between 1998 and 2008 were reviewed, and the association between cost-effectiveness and funding decisions was examined by (i) using logistic regression to test the hypothesis that interventions with higher incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) have a lower probability of receiving a positive funding decision and (ii) using parametric and nonparametric tests to determine if a statistically significant difference exists between the mean cost-effectiveness of funded versus not funded proposals. A sub-analysis was conducted to determine if the findings varied across different outcome measures.Results:Of the 149 proposals reviewed, 78 reported cost-effectiveness using various outcome measures. In the proposals that used life-years gained as the outcome (n= 22), a statistically significant difference of nearly $115,000 was observed between the mean ICERs for funded proposals ($42,006) and for unfunded proposals ($156,967). An odds ratio indicating higher ICERs have a lower probability of being funded was also found to be statistically significant (p< .05).Conclusions:Economic evidence appears to play a role in British Columbia cancer funding decisions from 1998 to 2008; other decision-making criteria may also have an important role in recommendations and subsequent funding decisions.
A CONSULTATION GUIDE FOR ASSESSING THE APPLICABILITY OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES:A CASE STUDY
Authors: Polus Stephanie , Pfadenhauer Lisa , Brereton Louise , Leppert Wojciech , Wahlster Philip , Gerhardus Ansgar , Rehfuess Eva 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:The translation of research findings into policy and practice is crucially dependent on the applicability of such findings in a given decision-making context. We explored in a case study whether a generic consultation guide to assess the applicability of a health technology could be rapidly deployed and deliver useful insights.Methods:A consultation guide based on the context and implementation for complex interventions (CICI) framework was developed and piloted to assess the applicability of reinforced home-based palliative care in three European countries. Individual consultations in England and Germany and a panel discussion in Poland were completed.Results:Various barriers may hinder successful implementation of reinforced home-based palliative care in the three countries. Whilst the experts across all countries emphasized the lack of funding along with organization and structure as major barriers, information varied by country for many of the other identified barriers and facilitators. Participants in the pilot study provided positive feedback in terms of understanding the topic and purpose of the consultation, and both individual and panel consultations could be easily implemented.Conclusions:In this case study, the consultation guide presented a pragmatic, ready-to-use tool to assess the applicability of a health technology. As shown here, it can be used in a generic manner without discrete empirical information on the technology in question or, ideally, makes use of specific information collected as part of a HTA. Further studies are needed to validate this guide and apply it to other types of health technologies and more diverse decision-making contexts.
Money and its institutional substitutes: the role of exchange institutions in human cooperation
Authors: HARWICK CAMERON 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper offers an increasing returns model of the evolution of exchange institutions building on Smith's dictum that ‘the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market’. Exchange institutions are characterized by a tradeoff between fixed and marginal costs: the effort necessary to execute an exchange may be economized by up-front ‘investment’ in strategies to facilitate the publication and accounting of trading histories. Increases in the size of the exchange network select for higher-fixed-cost exchange institutions, beginning with autarky, through various intermediate stages, and finally to mass monetary exchange. By identifying the relevant fixed costs of money and its institutional substitutes across time, the paper both accounts for the persistence of pre-monetary exchange institutions, despite the ‘inevitability’ of monetary exchange that seems to be a feature of traditional models of the origin of money, and illuminates the forces driving the transition from one to another.
Microtubule-binding protein FOR20 promotes microtubule depolymerization and cell migration
Authors: Feng Sijie , Song Yinlong , Shen Minhong , Xie Shanshan , Li Wenjing , Lu Yi , Yang Yuehong , Ou Guangshuo , Zhou Jun , Wang Fudi , Liu Wei , Yan Xiaoyi , Liang Xin , Zhou Tianhua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicrotubules are highly dynamic filaments assembled from αβ-tubulin heterodimers and play important roles in many cellular processes, including cell division and migration. Microtubule dynamics is tightly regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that function by binding to microtubules or free tubulin dimers. Here, we report that FOR20 (FOP-related protein of 20 kDa), a conserved protein critical for ciliogenesis and cell cycle progression, is a previously uncharacterized MAP that facilitates microtubule depolymerization and promotes cell migration. FOR20 not only directly binds to microtubules but also regulates microtubule dynamics in vitro by decreasing the microtubule growth rate and increasing the depolymerization rate and catastrophe frequency. In the in vitro microtubule dynamics assays, FOR20 appears to preferentially interact with free tubulin dimers over microtubules. Depletion of FOR20 inhibits microtubule depolymerization and promotes microtubule regrowth after the nocodazole treatment in HeLa cells. In addition, FOR20 knockdown significantly inhibits both individual and collective migration of mammalian cells. Taken together, these data suggest that FOR20 functions as a MAP to promote microtubule depolymerization and cell migration.
Controlling selectivities in CO2 reduction through mechanistic understanding
Authors: Wang Xiang , Shi Hui , Szanyi János 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCatalytic CO2 conversion to energy carriers and intermediates is of utmost importance to energy and environmental goals. However, the lack of fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism renders designing a selective catalyst inefficient. Here we show the correlation between the kinetics of product formation and those of surface species conversion during CO2 reduction over Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. The operando transmission FTIR/SSITKA (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis) experiments demonstrates that the rate-determining step for CO formation is the conversion of adsorbed formate, whereas that for CH4 formation is the hydrogenation of adsorbed carbonyl. The balance of the hydrogenation kinetics between adsorbed formates and carbonyls governs the selectivities to CH4 and CO. We apply this knowledge to the catalyst design and achieve high selectivities to desired products.