bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, placebo‐ and sitagliptin‐controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of omarigliptin, a once‐weekly dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gantz Ira , Okamoto Taro , Ito Yuka , Okuyama Kotoba , O'Neill Edward A. , Kaufman Keith D. , Engel Samuel S. , Lai Eseng ,   and the Omarigliptin Study 020 Group
Published: April 2017

AimsTo assess the safety and efficacy of omarigliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsIn a 24‐week double‐blind trial, 414 patients with T2D were randomized to omarigliptin 25 mg once weekly, sitagliptin 50 mg once daily or placebo. The double‐blind period was followed by a 28‐week open‐label extension during which all patients received omarigliptin 25 mg once weekly. Efficacy endpoints were glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 2‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, the least squares (LS) mean change from baseline in HbA1c was −0.66% for omarigliptin, −0.65% for sitagliptin and 0.13% for placebo. The difference in LS mean for omarigliptin vs placebo was −0.80% (
P
< .001). The difference in LS mean for omarigliptin vs sitagliptin was −0.02% (95% confidence interval −0.15, 0.12), which met the criterion for non‐inferiority to sitagliptin. Both active treatments provided significant reductions in FPG and 2‐hour PPG compared with placebo (P < .001). Over the 24‐week double‐blind period, there were no clinically meaningful differences in the incidence rates of adverse events among the treatment groups. There was 1 episode of symptomatic hypoglycaemia in the sitagliptin group and none in the omarigliptin or placebo groups. In the 28‐week open‐label period, omarigliptin provided persistent improvements in glycaemic control without notable change in safety profile compared with the double‐blind period. Omarigliptin had no meaningful effect on body weight.ConclusionsIn Japanese patients with T2D, omarigliptin 25 mg once weekly provided significant glucose‐lowering compared with placebo and was non‐inferior to sitagliptin 50 mg once daily. Omarigliptin was generally well tolerated for up to 52 weeks.
Distinctive clinical characteristics and favorable outcomes in patients with large granular lymphocytosis after allo‐HCT: 12‐year follow‐up data
Authors: Poch Martell Marc , Hamad Nada , Shin Elizabeth , Moon Joon Ho , Sohn Sang Kyun , Uhm Jieun , Michelis Fotios V. , Viswabandya Auro , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Messner Hans A. , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn increase in large granular lymphocytes (LGL) is frequently seen in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) and it has been associated with better outcomes in some reports. We assessed 826 consecutive patients at our institution with over 12 years of follow‐up for the occurrence of LGL lymphocytosis after allo‐HCT. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of LGL lymphocytosis was 14.5% with a median duration of over 3.5 years. The development of LGL lymphocytosis was strongly correlated with CMV viremia and GVHD. The clinical course of patients with LGL lymphocytosis after allo‐HCT was indolent, with the majority of these patients not displaying any clinical signs or symptoms related to the LGL proliferation. LGL lymphocytosis was associated with better outcomes, including higher overall survival (OS 86.6% vs 44.7% at 3 years), lower non‐relapse mortality (NRM 5.5% vs 30.4% at 3 years), and lower risk of relapse (8.9% vs 22.9% at 3 years). A time‐dependent multivariable analysis confirmed the favorable impact of LGL lymphocytosis on OS and NRM, but not on the risk of relapse. In multivariable analysis, a longer duration of LGL lymphocytosis was associated with better OS and NRM. Improved immunomodulatory properties of these cells, regulating GVHD and infections, may explain the observed favorable outcomes of patients who developed LGL lymphocytosis following allo‐HCT.
A critical plane‐energy model for multiaxial fatigue life prediction
Authors: Wei H. , Liu Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new critical plane‐energy model is proposed in this paper for multiaxial fatigue life prediction of metals. A brief review of existing methods, especially on the critical plane‐based and energy‐based methods, is given first. Special focus is on the Liu–Mahadevan critical plane approach, which has been shown to work for both brittle and ductile metals. One potential drawback of the Liu–Mahadevan model is that it needs an empirical calibration parameter for non‐proportional multiaxial loadings because only the strain terms are used and the out‐of‐phase hardening cannot be explicitly considered. An energy‐based model using the Liu–Mahadevan concept is proposed with the help of the Mróz–Garud plasticity model. Thus, the empirical calibration for non‐proportional loading is not needed because the out‐of‐phase hardening is naturally included in the stress calculation. The model predictions are compared with experimental data from open literature, and the proposed model is shown to work for both proportional and non‐proportional multiaxial loadings without the empirical calibration.
Parameters of rye, wheat, barley, and oat sourdoughs fermented with Lactobacillus plantarumLUHS135 that influence the quality of mixed rye–wheat bread, including acrylamide formation
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Bartkevics Vadims , Pugajeva Iveta , Krungleviciute Vita , Mayrhofer Sigrid , Domig Konrad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA Lactobacillus plantarum strain was used for the production of rye, wheat, barley, and oat sourdoughs, and the influence of different sourdoughs on mixed rye–wheat bread quality parameters and acrylamide formation was evaluated. L. plantarum LUHS135 demonstrated versatile carbohydrate metabolism, good growth and acidification rates, and the ability to excrete amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes in various cereal sourdoughs. The same starter and different cereal substrates allow to produce sourdoughs showing different characteristics. The type of sourdough and its quantity had significant influence on acrylamide content in bread (P ≤ 0.0001), and using 5% or 10% of wheat sourdough, 5%, 15%, or 20% of barley sourdough, and 5% or 15% of oat sourdough, it is possible to reduce acrylamide content in bread. Thus, manufacturers need to take into account application of apparent technological approaches for acrylamide in bread reducing.
Factor VIII inhibitors: Advances in basic and translational science
Authors: Lai J. D. , Lillicrap D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the treatment of hemophilia A, the 20%‐30% risk of developing of anti‐factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies, or inhibitors, is the dominant concern among healthcare providers. Immune tolerance induction remains the only effective method of eradicating inhibitors in approximately 75% of patients, but is accompanied by significant emotional and economical burden. While certain risk factors, such as the type of FVIII mutation, offer some insight, there remains no strategy to confidently predict the development of an inhibitor. Moreover, even if such a predictive tool existed, there is currently no proven protocol for tolerance induction of a previously untreated patient. In recent years, the growing body of knowledge concerning the fundamental immunology of inhibitors has shed light on potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight these new findings and their influences on translational medicine.
Two successive amorphous‐to‐amorphous phase transformations in TiO2
Authors: Durandurdu Murat 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBased on constant pressure ab initio simulations, we propose, for the first time, two successive amorphous‐to‐amorphous phase transformations for TiO2. The first one is a gradual phase transformation from a low‐density amorphous phase to a high‐density amorphous phase, whereas the second one is a first‐order phase transformation from the high‐density amorphous phase to a very high‐density amorphous phase. The low‐density amorphous to high‐density amorphous phase change is irreversible, whereas the high‐density amorphous to very high‐density amorphous phase transformation is reversible. The high‐density amorphous and very high‐density amorphous phases consist of differently coordinated configurations. The sevenfold and ninefold‐coordinated arrangements formed in amorphous TiO2 under pressure are similar to the main building motif of the baddeleyite and cotunnite polymorphs of TiO2, respectively, while the eightfold‐coordinated configuration is different from the local structure of the cubic TiO2 phase. The electronic structure calculations suggest that both dense amorphous phases present a semiconducting character with a band gap energy less than that of the original low‐density amorphous phase.
Exploring guideline adaptation strategy for Turkey: Is “ADAPTE” feasible or does it need adaptation as well?
Authors: Ayhan Baser Duygu , Kahveci Rabia , Baydar Artantas Aylin , Yasar İlknur , Aksoy Hilal , Koc Esra Meltem , Kasim İsmail , Kunnamo Ilkka , Özkara Adem 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, objectivesClinical Practice Guidelines are mostly developed by 3 methods; namely, de novo, adoption, and adaptation. Nonpublished studies and authors experience shows that most guidelines in Turkey are either by adoption or by adaptation. There is no available local tool for adaptation, so the process is not standardized and most of the time not explicitly defined. The objective of this study is to search for international guideline adaptation tools and test their feasibility in Turkish context, to serve a final goal of developing a unique local strategic tool for guideline adaptation.MethodsThe methodological design of this study includes selection of an international tool for Clinical Practice Guideline adaptation, piloting this tool with selected Turkish guidelines, identifying the feasibility of this tool and exploring the needs for adaptation of the tool, drawing recommendations for adaptation of the strategies, and validation of the process by local experts.ResultsThe study from planning phase to finalizing the guidance, including pilot studies and panel but excluding translation of ADAPTE, lasted 18 months. Nine researchers were involved in the adaptation process and 15 more experts were involved in the validation panel. Following the suggestions of the research team on modifications and validation through the expert panel; 2 steps of the ADAPTE toolkit were rejected, 2 steps were accepted by modification, 7 steps were accepted by additional recommendations. In addition, 2 tools were suggested to be added to the toolkit.ConclusionThis is the first study on adaptation of guidelines in Turkey. Pilot adaptation of 2 guidelines with ADAPTE revealed that ADAPTE is a useful and feasible tool in Turkish setting, but might require certain changes in recommendations and revision of tools.
Physiological responses of reared sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758) to an Amyloodinium ocellatum outbreak
Authors: Moreira M , Schrama D , Soares F , Wulff T , Pousão‐Ferreira P , Rodrigues P 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAmyloodiniosis represents a major bottleneck for semi‐intensive aquaculture production in Southern Europe, causing extremely high mortalities. Amyloodinium ocellatum is a parasitic dinoflagellate that can infest almost all fish, crustacean and bivalves that live within its ecological range. Fish mortalities are usually attributed to anoxia, associated with serious gill hyperplasia, inflammation, haemorrhage and necrosis in heavy infestations; or with osmoregulatory impairment and secondary microbial infections due to severe epithelial damage in mild infestation. However, physiological information about the host responses to A. ocellatum infestation is scarce. In this work, we analysed the proteome of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) plasma and relate it with haematological and immunological indicators, in order to enlighten the different physiological responses when exposed to an A. ocellatum outbreak. Using 2D‐DIGE, immunological and haematological analysis and in response to the A. ocellatum contamination we have identified several proteins associated with acute‐phase response, inflammation, lipid transport, homoeostasis, and osmoregulation, wound healing, neoplasia and iron transport. Overall, this preliminary study revealed that amyloodiniosis affects some fish functional pathways as revealed by the changes in the plasma proteome of S. aurata, and that the innate immunological system is not activated in the presence of the parasite.
The environmental and host‐associated bacterial microbiota of Arctic seawater‐farmed Atlantic salmon with ulcerative disorders
Authors: Karlsen C , Ottem K F , Brevik Øyvind Jakobsen , Davey M , Sørum H , Winther‐Larsen H C 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Norwegian aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is hampered by ulcerative disorders associated with bacterial infections. Chronic ulceration may provide microenvironments that disturb the normal microbial biodiversity of external surfaces. Studying the composition of microbial communities in skin ulcers will enhance our understanding of ulcer aetiology. To achieve this, we tested marine farmed Atlantic salmon and sampled the base and edge of ulcers at the end of winter (April) and end of summer (September), in addition to skin mucus of healthy individuals. In order to assess microbiota associated with the host and obtain insight into the environmental ecology, we also sampled sea water, the sediment layer underneath the farm facility and the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon. The skin microbiota of Atlantic salmon was different from that of the surrounding water. Residential Tenacibaculum and Arcobacter species persistently dominated the cutaneous skin and ulcer mucus surfaces of Atlantic salmon during both winter and summer periods. The intestinal microbiota was dominated by Mycoplasma with an increase in Aliivibrio and Alcaligenes abundance in the intestine of fish with ulcerative disorder at the end of winter. These findings suggest the presence of resilient microbes in the mucus surfaces of Atlantic salmon.
Systematic review: Current evidence in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease lacks relevance to patients with advanced fibrosis
Authors: Parker Richard , Hodson James , Rowe Ian A C 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesEpidemiological data have shown that individuals with advanced fibrosis are at greatest risk of premature morbidity in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Individuals included in clinical trials are often highly selected to remove confounding factors, but selection can introduce bias and limit external validity. We examined the external validity of trials in NAFLD by examining characteristics of participants in observational studies (OS) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) in NAFLD.DesignA systematic review was performed with structured literature searches for relevant OS and RCT using PubMed and Ovid Embase (1948–2016). Identified studies were screened for inclusion by the authors and data extracted. Study populations were compared using t‐tests to compare means and variances, in each case weighted by the size of individual studies. Dichotomous data were compared by Chi‐squared test.ResultsIn total, 148 studies were included: 67 RCT and 81 OS including data from 44 860 individuals. Fifteen RCT participants differed from individuals in OS with regard to age, body mass index, prevalence of Diabetes mellitus, and gender (P < 0.001 in each case). The most pronounced differences were seen between RCT participants and patients with advanced fibrosis. Comorbid conditions prevalent among individuals with NAFLD were frequent exclusion criteria in RCT.ConclusionsThe characteristics of participants in randomized controlled trials differ to those of the wider population of individuals with NAFLD. These differences may reduce the utility of trial data to individuals with NAFLD at greatest risk of death.
Serum vitamin D level is related to disease severity in pediatric alopecia areata
Authors: Unal Mehmet , Gonulalan Gulsum 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is the most common cause of inflammatory hair loss. AA is considered an autoimmune disease and occurs with various autoimmune disorders. Recent studies have revealed connection between autoimmune diseases and vitamin D deficiency.ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated vitamin D status in AA and its relationship with disease severity, number of patches, and disease duration.MethodsThis study included 20 pediatric patients with AA and 34 pediatric healthy controls. The serum vitamin D levels were evaluated.ResultsThe mean serum 25(OH)D concentration of patients was 15.47±7.66 ng/mL and of control group was 11.09±10.53 ng/mL. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P: .084). Vitamin D concentration had significantly and negatively correlated with SALT score (P<.001 and r: −.831), number of patch (P<.001 and r: −.989), and disease duration (P<.001 and r: −.997).ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is not the only etiologic factor in AA pathogenesis, but in the presence of other etiological factors, this deficiency can aggravate AA severity, and thus, vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in treatment of pediatric AA.
Current use of chromosomal microarray by Australian paediatricians and implications for the implementation of next generation sequencing
Authors: McKay Victoria , Efron Daryl , Palmer Elizabeth E , White Susan M , Pearson Chris , Danchin Margie 
Published: April 2017

AimChromosomal microarray (CMA) is an important diagnostic test for children with multiple congenital anomalies or certain developmental behavioural problems suggestive of an underlying genetic diagnosis. However, there are medical and ethical complexities to its use and few Australian policies to guide practice. We aimed to describe the current practice of Australian paediatricians in relation to CMA testing. We hypothesised that there are knowledge gaps in their use of CMA.MethodsOnline survey completed between September 2015 and January 2016 by paediatricians in secondary care settings. Participants were members of the Australian Paediatric Research Network. One hundred and sixty five (43%) of 383 active members responded. Our main outcome measures comprised: (i) the indications for which paediatricians request CMA; (ii) their approach to consent; (iii) their interpretation of results; and (iv) their understanding of the impact on patient management.ResultsA significant proportion of paediatricians (21–52%) did not regularly use CMA for conditions with established evidence of diagnostic yield. Paediatricians under‐estimated the potential for CMA findings to alter patient management. There was wide variability in paediatricians’ approach to consent, and low use of consent forms and fact sheets. Paediatricians reported difficulties interpreting CMA results, with high rates of referral to clinical genetics services.ConclusionsThe reported practice of Australian paediatricians is not consistent with international standards on CMA. Australian practice could be improved by a standardised approach to ordering CMA, consenting patients and interpreting results. We provide resources for CMA ordering and make recommendations about preparation for next generation sequencing.
The effect of dietary Chlorella vulgaris inclusion on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation
Authors: Tsiplakou E. , Abdullah M. A. M. , Mavrommatis A. , Chatzikonstantinou M. , Skliros D. , Sotirakoglou K. , Flemetakis E. , Labrou N. E. , Zervas G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe impact of dietary supplementation with microalgae on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids (FA) profile and enzymes activities related to antioxidant mechanism has not been well documented. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris on the following: (i) milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile, (ii) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in blood plasma and (iii) the activities of SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk of goats. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2, 2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC)] were also determined in blood plasma and milk of the animals. For this purpose, 16 cross‐bred goats were divided into two homogenous groups. Each goat of both groups was fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. The concentrates of the control group (Control) had no microalgae, while those of the Chlorella group were supplemented with 10 g lyophilized Chlorella vulgaris/kg concentrates (Chlorella). Thus, the average intake was 5.15 g Chlorella vulgaris/kg DM. The results showed that the dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris had not noticeable impact on goat's milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile. Significantly higher SOD (by 10.31%) and CAT (by 18.66%) activities in the blood plasma of goats fed with Chlorella vulgaris compared with the control were found. Moreover, the dietary supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris caused a significant increase in SOD (by 68.84%) activity and a reduction in PC (by 24.07%) content in goat's milk. In conclusion, the Chlorella vulgaris inclusion in goat's diets improved the antioxidant status of both animals and milk.
Alpha‐lipoic acid: An inimitable feed supplement for poultry nutrition
Authors: Sohaib M. , Anjum F. M. , Nasir M. , Saeed F. , Arshad M. S. , Hussain S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAlpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) is a multifunction antioxidant that is produced in small amount by cells as well as its dietary provision facilitates fatty acid mobilization, energy expenditure as well as can scavenge free radicals in poultry birds. It exists in oxidized as well as reduced form, characterized by growth promoting, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, immunostimulatory, and hypocholesterolemic properties when fed as dietary supplement to farm animals particularly chicken birds. Recently, several studies reported that dietary supplementation of ALA can influence growth performance indicators, immunological, biochemical characteristics, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress as well as increase antioxidant potential and storability of poultry meat and meat products. Accordingly, this paper adds the reviews and discusses the outcomes of studies documenting the effect of lipoic acid dietary fortification on growth performance, biochemical, and immunological characteristics as well as the effects on lipid peroxidation of fresh meat and meat‐based products. Furthermore, this paper also describes the possibilities of utilization of ALA as a feed additive in poultry nutrition to improve the growth performance of poultry as well as meat quality of resultant chicken birds.