bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Metal-on-Metal Lubricants for Coil Tubing Applications
Authors: Sherman Scott , Quintero Harvey , Moriyama Candace , Sessarego Sebastian , Fraser Craig 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The development of horizontal well completion techniques has untapped a massive amount of hydrocarbon resources previously economically unreachable. Extended-reach horizontal well designs are now the rule rather than the exception and introduce a myriad of new challenges associated with downhole operations.
Numerous mechanical approaches have been implemented to overcome deleterious frictional forces intrinsic to extended reach Coil Tubing (CT) interventions; cutting edge mechanical techniques rely on devices such as downhole tractors and fluid hammer tools to avoid helical buckling, and eventual CT lock-up. The most daunting factor associated with the application of these tools is the cost which is especially important in the current energy resource industry downturn.
Drag-reducing agents (DRA) appear to be the common denominator in extended reach CT interventions. To date, synergistically paired metal-filming lubricants and fluid friction reducers provide a cost-effective method to enhance weight on bit (WOB) required while running in and/or pulling out of hole (RIH/POOH) CT strings. Given the dynamic nature of CT operations, carrier fluids experience extreme conditions changes (temperature, pressure and/or physicochemical), during their tubular residency time. The change in environmental conditions can result in poor dispersibility of DRA's, and therefore, render them ineffective through a lack of contact with the metal.
Herein, this paper presents details of a thorough tribology and rheological analysis of commercially available DRA's in different oil field brines, and the corresponding field case studies evaluating data reproducibility. Lab testing data includes 4 ball (ASTM D4172A) testing as well as Reichert friction and wear analysis test results.
The OFITE EP (extreme pressure) lubricity tester type equipment, which was originally conceived to reproduce coefficients of friction (COF) for drill string/mud simulations, has been historically included in metal-on-metal (MOM) lubricant analysis. A rapid method was implemented involving a sled and plate COF type tester. Normally used for measuring the friction between two dry surfaces, it was adapted for measuring COF of MOM lubricants currently in use during CT operations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB).
Lubricity testing on the top MOM lubricant performers showed a COF reduction in the range of 11 −28%, when 150 mm/min sled speed was tested. Also, through the rheological and qualitative analysis of the carrier fluid, dispersibility appears to be improved with the addition of the fluid friction reducer.
In addition to the sled-plate COF testing analysis and field case data validation, this study will include an oscillatory shear rheological analysis of the carrier fluid, by using the Haake RheoStress®6000. This will help us to understand the viscoelastic behavior and its relationship with MOM dispersibility.
Impacto de la volatilidad de los activos financieros en los portafolios de inversión
Authors: Perez Peña Rodrigo , Mican Silva Andrea 
Published: April 2017

Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de analizar el impacto en la volatilidad de los activos financieros de renta variable, de la bolsa de valores de Colombia ocasionados por la crisis financiera de los años 2008 y 2009. Para ello se utilizó dos carteras de activos una formada por 13 activos de diferentes sectores industriales incluyendo el índice IGBC y una segunda conformada por 11 activos incluyendo el índice COLPAP, también de varios sectores industriales cumpliendo con el principio de diversificación de los portafolios de inversión. La medición de estos impactos se realizó a través de las técnicas de los modelos econométricos que son los más indicados para analizar las fluctuaciones de los rendimientos de los activos diarios generados por las variaciones de los precios de cierre de dichos activos durante los periodos observados. Como resultado de los impactos de las volatilidades se pudo observar que estas fueron significativas en el comportamiento de los rendimientos diarios de estos activos.
Aplicación de ensayos en discontinuo para la determinación de flujos de metano y dióxido de carbono en la degradación del material vegetal en el embalse Topocoro
Authors: Lopera Laura Marcela , Oviedo Lia M. , Rodriguez-Loaiza Diana Catalina , Peñuela Gustavo A. 
Published: April 2017

La contribución de los embalses tropicales a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) ha sido objeto de estudio recientemente, debido a los procesos de degradación y transformación del material vegetal que son llevados a cabo en estos, los cuales liberan metano y dióxido de carbono, aportando al cambio climático. En el presente trabajo, se realizaron ensayos en discontinuo utilizando material vegetal de la zona de inundación del embalse Topocoro (Santander-Colombia), con el objetivo de determinar los flujos de CH4 y CO2 de dicho material, simulando condiciones de inundación aerobias y anaerobias previas al llenado. Las mediciones de gases se realizaron empleando cromatografía de gases-masas (GC-MS). Las tasas de emisión bajo condiciones anaerobias variaron entre 118,513 – 377,666 Kg CH4 ton-1.año-1 y 120,870 – 553,758 Kg CO2 ton-1.año-1, mientras que bajo condiciones aerobias las tasas de emisión fueron menores, con valores que oscilaron entre 0,73 y 8,83 Kg CO2 ton-1.año-1. Las emisiones producidas estuvieron determinadas principalmente por la cantidad de material vegetal inundado y por la presencia de organismos aerobios y anaerobios presentes en los sistemas en batch.
Influence of Processing Treatments on Nutritional and Physicochemical Characteristics of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Authors: Siwatch Munish , Yadav Ritika B. , Yadav Baljeet S. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Buckwheat is now becoming increasingly popular due to its health benefits.
The most attractive feature of its seeds are gluten-free with high-quality protein and presence
of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to determine the
effect of processing treatments on nutritional and physicochemical properties of buckwheat which
would further be utilized for the production of a varied range of novel products.

Methods:
The different processing treatments such as cooking, fermentation, and germination
were given to buckwheat seeds. The native and processed buckwheat were then analyzed for their
nutritional properties such as moisture, ash, fat, crude fiber, protein, total phenol, tannin and phytate
content using standard methods. The physicochemical properties were also determined using
standard methods.

Results:
Processing treatments significantly (p≤0.05) reduces the tannin and phytate content and
significantly (p≤0.05) increases the total phenol content. Also, processing had a varied effect on
Water Absorption Capacity (WAC), Oil Absorption Capacity (OAC), least gelation concentration
and bulk density. The WAC and OAC of buckwheat flours were significantly (p≤0.05) varied from
2.15 to 3.89 g/g and 1.96 to 2.32 g/g, respectively.

Conclusion:
The changes observed in physicochemical properties of buckwheat flour after processing
treatments provided a crucial basis for its potential applications on an industrial scale.
A Complicated Course of a Coronal Shear Fracture Type IV of the Distal Part of Humerus Resulting in Resurfacing Radiocapitellar Joint Replacement
Authors: Schmidt Ingo 
Published: April 2017

Background:Coronal shear fracture type IV of the distal part of humerus is a very rare injury with articular complexity potentially leading to posttraumatic osteoarthritis. One option for surgical treatment of advanced unicompartmental radiocapitellar osteoarthritis is resurfacing radiocapitellar joint replacement.Method:A 62-year- old female sustained a coronal shear fracture type IV of the distal part of left humerus that was primarily treated with open reduction and internal fixation using headless compression screws. Three years postoperatively, there was a migration of one screw into radiocapitellar joint that led to circular deep cartilage defect of radial head. Four years after ORIF, a distinctive radiocapitellar osteoarthritis has evolved leading to a resurfacing radiocapitellar joint replacement using the Lateral Resurfacing ElbowTM(LRE) system.Result:At the 2-year follow-up after that procedure, there was an excellent subjective and functional outcome. Radiographically, no loosening or subsidence of implant without any signs of overstuffing could be found. The patient reported that she would have the same procedure again.Conclusion:The goal of unicompartmental radiocapitellar replacement is to obtain stability in elbow joint by avoiding cubitus valgus with subsequent instability of the distal radioulnar joint, and it does not alter the unaffected ulnohumeral joint. Additionally, the feature of the LRETMsystem is that the radial head is not excised, and so will receive the anatomical length of the overall radius articulating with the capitellum by preserving the annular ligament. In the literature only three publications could be found in which short-term results with the use of the LRETMsystem have been described. Hence, further studies are needed to validate this concept.
Forms of Stigma and Discrimination in the Daily Lives of HIV-Positive Individuals in Mauritania
Authors: Mohamed Boushab Boushab , Fall-Malick Fatim-Zahra , Ould Cheikh Melaïnine Mohamed Limame , Basco Leonardo Kishi 
Published: April 2017

Summary:People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are often discriminated against in their daily lives. The objective of this descriptive and transversal study was to describe the experiences of PLWHA followed at a specialized outpatient center in Nouakchott to assess the forms of stigma from the perspective of those who suffer from discrimination.Methods:All HIV-positive patients over the age of 18 years who were aware of their HIV status and provided consent to participate in the study were included from June 1 to 29, 2015. Data collection was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire.Results:A total of 210 PLWHA were interviewed. Men accounted for 54% of the sample population with a sex ratio of 1.2. About half of respondents were married (51%) and resided in Nouakchott (55%). Subjects who had never attended school represented 42% of the cases. Among our respondents, 64% knew their HIV status for over a year and admitted that they refused to reveal this information to any person. The distribution of forms of stigma experienced by PLWHA by demographic category was, in descending order, stigma in interpersonal relationships (78%), self-stigma (20%), and stigma in health services (2%). There was a significant association between the form of stigma and marital status (p = 0.007) and between the form of stigma and knowledge of HIV status for a period greater than one year (p = 0.02).Conclusion:The forms of stigma can be sources of discrimination and are a major obstacle to reintegration and support of PLWHA. This creates a vicious circle that, on the one hand, leads to the suffering, marginalization, and isolation of PLWHA, and on the other hand, has deleterious effects on their family and social relationships, self-esteem and self-confidence.
The Roles of Hydrazine and Ethylenediamine in Wet Synthesis of Cu Nanowire
Authors: Harsojo Harsojo , Puspita Lutfi Ayu , Mardiansyah Dedi , Roto Roto , Triyana Kuwat 
Published: April 2017

A wet synthesis Cu nanowire using CuNO3 as a precursor and hydrazine as a reduction agent and ethylene diamine as a polymer capping agent in excessive sodium hydroxide solution 15 M NaOH has been done. The study was done by varying the volume of hydrazine 0.15, 0.25 and 0.75 mL and ethylenediamine (EDA) (0.5, 1.5 and 0.25 mL) in a total volume of 100 mL, to investigate the roles of these two agents in forming the nanowire and was done at 60 °C at 60 RPM stirring speed. The study revealed that the wet synthesis could be used to produce nanowires in the length of micrometers with a diameter of about hundred nanometers. The best CuNW was obtained at volume EDA 1.5 mL at hydrazine volume 0.15 mL with length to diameter ratio was 120 ± 30. The roles of both hydrazine and the EDA in the process of making nanowires and nanoparticles were also discussed.
IS THERE TREATMENT EFFECT OF VINPOCETINE ON AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN RATS WITH ALZHEIMER
Authors: Khan Azizuddin , Dolu Nazan , Gündüz Seda , Kara Ali Yucel , Acer Hale , Tasa Selda 
Published: April 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows less autonomic dysfunction. There was lack of response or prolongation of its latency in skin sympathetic response. Vinpocetine is a classic inhibitor of PDE1 activity. Vinpocetine treatment has been shown to enhance performance on cognitive tests in humans. The efficacy of the use of vinpocetine in clinical trials has been controversial. A comparison of multiple studies evaluating vinpocetine use in Alzheimer's disease AD was recently conducted. Objective: Our first aim was to assess dysautonomia in rat with Alzheimer's disease AD electrophysiologically, using sympathetic skin response (SSR) test. The second aim in this study, evaluate of the effect of vinpocetine treatment on Alzheimer autonomic dysfunction and attention deficiency.Method: Rats were divided into four groups: Sham group (Group C, i.p. saline), Alzheimer group (Group A), Vinpocetine group (Group V, 5mg/kg, every other day, i.p.), Alzheimer+ Vinpocetine group (Group AV). Alzheimer's disease was induced in old male rats by AlCl3 (40 mg/kg i.p.) and D-Galactose (90 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks. Then Skin Conductance Level (SCL), which is a sympathetic skin response parameter, was measured as tonic (no-stimuli period, 2 min) and phasic SSR (simultaneously with 15 auditory stimuli, 10 min). Tonic SSR is useful to investigate general states of arousal and alertness, while phasic SSR is useful to study multifaceted attentional processes (related to novelty, intensity). Results: SCL was difference among groups (tonic: F=21.47, p≤0.000; phasic: F=9.86, p≤0.000). Skin conductance level (SCL) was statistically lower in Group A than Group C (p≤0.005) and Group V (p≤0.000). SCL of Group V was statistically higher then Group C (p≤0.04), Group A (p≤0.000) and Group AV (p≤0.000). SCL of Group AV was lower than Group C’s (p≤0.01). Conclusion: There were no statistically difference between Group A and Group AV. We concluded that autonomic disturbances accompanied Alzheimer's disease and vinpocetine treatment couldn’t ameliorate this disturbance. Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction, Dysautonomia, Inhibitor, Skin conductance level, Sympathetic skin response
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF FLAVONOIDS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF ZIZIPHUS LOTUS OF SOUTH-WEST ALGERIA
Authors: Slimani Alaa , Abdellah Moussaoui , Hamadi Laazouni 
Published: April 2017

The biodiversity of our country allows us to medicinal plants used in the new research directions most of the plants used in traditional medicine for centuries. Because of the resistance of the proliferation of parasitic fungi in the food industries, plant diseases, this work aims to test the antifungal activity of a plant heritage which is the Ziziphus lotus. The phytochemical screening allowed us to see that the flavonoids extracts of leaves, roots, and seeds covered in this study are rich in bioactive substances namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenes. Antifungal activity was tested using two methods; radial growth on solid media and evaluation of biomass on liquid environments against Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus and Aspergillus ochraceus. The results of the evaluation of the radial growth show that the extract of flavonoids of the best roots given percent inhibition of 73.3% against A. ochraceus has 4.37×10−4 g/ml concentration, followed by extraction of flavonoids grains that gave an inhibition of 55% against the Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus has 1.091×10−3 g/ml concentration. However, another extract of Z. lotus gave a fairly significant inhibition of fungal strains studied very limited. The results of the evaluation of biomass on liquid medium show the efficacy vis-à-vis studied extracts of the strains tested in accordance with the increase of the concentration thereof. The best inhibition was recorded for extraction of flavonoids grain against the two strains tested 61.92% for Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus and 84.33% for A. ochraceus 1.091×10−3 g/ml concentration.Keywords: Ziziphus lotus, Extracts flavonoids, Antifungal activity, Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus.
THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN EVALUATING AND INTERVENING THE PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Keban Sesilia Andriani , Abdillah Syamsudin , Najuah Najuah 
Published: April 2017

Diabetic neuropathies is the presence of and/or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunctions in people with diabetes after the exclusion of other causes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, to evaluate the score of neuropathy, and also to determine the effect of pharmacist intervention towards diabetic neuropathy patients at Gatot Soebroto Hospital Jakarta in 2013. Data about socio-demographic characters, age, duration of diabetic, blood glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle BMI and smoking were collected. Pharmacist intervention was given to increase patient information about diabetic neuropathy and its risks factors. There were 59 respondents involved in this study. It can be found that 15.3% respondents had mild diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1.7% had moderate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1.7% had severe diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and as much as 81,4% respondents had no neuropathy. There was a correlation (but not statistically significant) between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its' risks factors such as ages, duration of diabetes, sex, cardiovascular disease (hypertension, cardiac disease)and lifestyle(smoking habit and body mass index). Pharmacist intervention showed an increase on the patients knowledge about diabetic neuropathy and also a significant decrease on the patient's blood glucose level (P˂0,05).Keywords : diabetic neuropathy, pharmacist role, prevalence, score, risk factors, blood glucose.
BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN HAVING OSTEOPORIC RISK
Authors: Sharma Preeti 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjective: Osteoporosis is the most common disease worldwide, nutritional factors may play a significant role in the progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to assessment of various biochemical parameters in the postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia.Material & Methods: In this hospital based study total 70 postmenopausal women, 45 to 80 year of age group, were studied. They were categorised in two groups as case I and Case II on the basis of diagnosis osteoporosis or osteopenia respectively. The bone mineral density using T score was estimated for diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteopenia. Bone mineral markers i.e. total, calcium and ionized calcium was estimated by colorimetric method. Serum phosphate was estimated by direct method and alkaline phosphatase was measured by kinetic method. Biochemical parameters i.e. urea was estimated by diacetyl monoxime method. Serum albumin and serum creatinine were measured by BCG method and Jaffe’s method respectively. Serum uric acid and magnesium were estimated by colorimetric method.Results: Total calcium and ionized calcium were significant (<0.05) between the groups. The levels of serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were higher in osteoporotic group but the results were not significant between the groups. Serum urea and serum albumin was comparatively higher and lower in osteoporotic group respectively but the findings were not significant between the groups. The significant results of serum creatinine, serum uric acid and serum magnesium were obtained while comparing between osteoporotic patients and osteopenia patients. The levels were higher in osteoporosis group. There was negative association of alkaline phosphatase with serum calcium and negative association with serum phosphate and uric acid.Conclusion: Biochemical alterations are characterized in osteoporotic as well as osteopenic patients. Monitoring of these parameters may be beneficial while giving the treatment to these patients for prevention the risk of other life threatening risks. Keywords: Osteoporosis, osteopenia, Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Creatinine, Postmenopause
A SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM TUNJUK LANGIT RHIZOME (HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA) ON ALBINO RATS, RATTUS NOVERTICUS (WISTAR STRAIN)
Authors: Fitrya Fitrya , Fithry Najma Annuria 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Traditionally, Tunjuk langit (Helmynthostachis zaylanica) rhizome has been used as anticancer and anti-inflammation drugs; however, it may have toxic effects on major organs for a long-term continuously consecutive consumption. Therefore, this study was carried out to test sub- chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract of the rhizome on Albino rats, Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain). Methods: A total of 100 male and female rats were divided into five groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were orally administered with ethanol extracts of 68, 136, 272, and 554 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively. Meanwhile, Group V used as a control was no treatment with the extract. A toxic symptom has been observed by analyzing several parameters, namely BW, hematologic and biochemical properties, macroscopic organs, and relative organ weight.Results: In general, the results show that there is no any toxic symptom and statistically insignificant differences in these parameters between treated and control groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the ethanol extract of Tunjuk Langit rhizome does not have effects of subchronic toxicity.Keywords: Tunjuk langit rhizome, Ethanol extract, Subchronic toxicity.
EFFECT OF PHYTOESTROGENS ON LIPID PROFILE: MINI REVIEW
Authors: Nagamma Takkella , Jagadeesh Akshay T , K Anjaneyulu , Bhat Kumar Mr 
Published: April 2017

Phytoestrogens are structurally similar to its mammalian counterparts and are capable of producing estrogen-like effects and non-steroidal in nature. Their affinity to bind to the estrogen receptors, a class of cytoplasmic proteins, is far less in comparison to the natural estrogen hormones found in humans and other animals or even the synthetically prepared estrogen and, therefore, are far less potent. Even so, the usage of phytoestrogen in either dietary or supplemental form in postmenopausal women is gaining interest, as opposed to the conventional estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), which was so far being used to alleviate the postmenopausal symptoms and believed, with little experimental/clinical evidence, to cause a significant reduction in the threat of coronary heart diseases (CHD). This usage of phytoestrogen follows from the fact that the overall health risks exerted by ERT outweigh the benefits, and to a little extent, the perception that synthetically prepared, so-called “prescription estrogen” interferes with what is otherwise a natural process. It is crucial to explore the alternatives that mimic the beneficial effects of ERT, especially with regard to the minimization of the risk of developing CHD and further evaluation of the aforementioned risks in terms of lipid profiling while simultaneously keeping the health risks to a minimum. This review discusses the scope of use of phytoestrogen specifically pertaining to lipid profiling, their possible health benefits, and adverse effects if any. Keywords: Phytoestrogens, Postmenopause, Lipid profile, Isoflavones.