bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem and progenitor cell alterations in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Shastri Aditi , Will Britta , Steidl Ulrich , Verma Amit 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) arise from a small population of disease-initiating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that persist and expand through conventional therapies and are major contributors to disease progression and relapse. MDS stem and progenitor cells are characterized by key founder and driver mutations and are enriched for cytogenetic alterations. Quantitative alterations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers are also seen in a stage-specific manner in human MDS samples as well as in murine models of the disease. Overexpression of several markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP), CD99, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3, and CD123 have begun to differentiate MDS HSPCs from healthy counterparts. Overactivation of innate immune components such as Toll-like receptors, IL-1 receptor–associated kinase/tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor-6, IL8/CXCR2, and IL1RAP signaling pathways has been demonstrated in MDS HSPCs and is being targeted therapeutically in preclinical and early clinical studies. Other dysregulated pathways such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulinlike and EGF-like domains 1/angiopoietin-1, p21-activated kinase, microRNA 21, and transforming growth factor β are also being explored as therapeutic targets against MDS HSPCs. Taken together, these studies have demonstrated that MDS stem cells are functionally critical for the initiation, transformation, and relapse of disease and need to be targeted therapeutically for future curative strategies in MDSs.
Cost of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Silver Samuel A. , Long Jin , Zheng Yuanchao , Chertow Glenn M. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThe economic burden of acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well understood.OBJECTIVETo estimate the effects of AKI on hospitalization costs and length of stay (LOS).DESIGNUsing data from the 2012 National Inpatient Sample, we compared hospitalization costs and LOS with and without AKI. We used a generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and a log link fitted to AKI to adjust for demographics, hospital differences, and comorbidities.SETTINGUnited StatesPATIENTS29,763,649 adult hospitalizations without endstage renal disease.EXPOSUREAKI determined using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) diagnosis codes.MEASUREMENTSHospitalization costs and LOS.RESULTSAKI was associated with an increase in hospitalization costs of $7933 (95% confidence interval [CI], $7608‐$8258) and an increase in LOS of 3.2 (95% CI, 3.2‐3.3) days compared to patients without AKI. When adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, the associated increase in costs was $1795 (95% CI, $1692‐$1899) and in LOS, it was 1.1 (95% CI, 1.1‐1.1) days. Corresponding results among patients hospitalized with AKI requiring dialysis were $42,077 (95% CI, $39,820‐$44,335) and 11.5 (95% CI, 11.2‐11.8) days and $11,016 (95% CI, $10,468‐$11,564) and 3.9 (95% CI, 3.8‐4.1) days. AKI was associated with higher hospitalization costs than myocardial infarction and gastrointestinal bleeding, and costs were comparable to those for stroke, pancreatitis, and pneumonia.CONCLUSIONSIn the United States, AKI is associated with excess hospitalization costs and prolonged LOS. The economic burden of AKI warrants further attention from hospitals and policymakers to enhance processes of care and develop novel treatment strategies.
The Association of Geriatric Syndromes with Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Romero‐Ortuno Roman , Forsyth Duncan R. , Wilson Kathryn Jane , Cameron Ewen , Wallis Stephen , Biram Richard , Keevil Victoria 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDFrailty, history of dementia (HoD), and acute confusional states (ACS) are common in older patients admitted to hospital.OBJECTIVETo study the association of frailty (≥6 points in the Clinical Frailty Scale [CFS]), HoD, and ACS with hospital outcomes, controlling for age, gender, acute illness severity (measured by a Modified Early Warning Score in the emergency department), comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), and discharging specialty (general medicine, geriatric medicine, surgery).DESIGNRetrospective observational study.SETTINGLarge university hospital in England.PATIENTSWe analyzed 8202 first nonelective inpatient episodes of people aged 75 years and older between October 2014 and October 2015.MEASUREMENTSThe outcomes studied were prolonged length of stay (LOS ≥10 days), inpatient mortality, delayed discharge, institutionalization, and 30‐day readmission. Statistical analyses were based on multivariate regression models.RESULTSIndependently of controlling variables, prolonged LOS was predicted by CFS ≥6: odds ratio (OR) =1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36‐1.77; P < 0.001; HoD: OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.79‐2.61; P < 0.001; and ACS: OR = 3.31; 95% CI, 2.64‐4.15; P < 0.001. Inpatient mortality was predicted by CFS ≥6: OR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.79‐2.94; P < 0.001. Delayed discharge was predicted by CFS ≥6: OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.27‐1.67; P < 0.001; HoD: OR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.80‐2.62; P < 0.001; and ACS: OR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.83‐2.85; P < 0.001. Institutionalization was predicted by CFS ≥6: OR = 2.56; 95% CI, 2.09‐3.14; P < 0.001; HoD: OR = 2.51; 95% CI, 2.00‐3.14; P < 0.001; and ACS: OR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.46‐2.56; P < 0.001. Readmission was predicted by ACS: OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.71; P = 0.006.CONCLUSIONSRoutine screening for frailty, HoD, and ACS in hospitals may aid the development of acute care pathways for older adults.
Impact of Patient‐Centered Discharge Tools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Okrainec Karen , Lau Davina , Abrams Howard B. , Hahn‐Goldberg Shoshanna , Brahmbhatt Ronak , Huynh Tai , Lam Kenneth , Bell Chaim M. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDPatient‐centered discharge tools provide an opportunity to engage patients, enhance patient understanding, and improve capacity for self‐care and postdischarge outcomes.PURPOSETo review studies that engaged patients in the design or delivery of discharge instruction tools and that tested their effect among hospitalized patients.DATA SOURCESWe conducted a search of 12 databases and journals from January 1994 through May 2014, and references of retrieved studies.STUDY SELECTIONEnglish‐language studies that tested discharge tools meant to engage patients were selected. Studies that measured outcomes after 3 months or without a control group or period were excluded.DATA EXTRACTIONTwo independent reviewers assessed the full‐text papers and extracted data on features of patient engagement.DATA SYNTHESISThirty articles met inclusion criteria, 28 of which examined educational tools. Of these, 13 articles involved patients in content creation or tool delivery, with only 6 studies involving patients in both. While many of these studies (10 studies) demonstrated an improvement in patient comprehension, few studies found improvement in patient adherence despite their engagement. A few studies demonstrated an improvement in self‐efficacy (2 studies) and a reduction in unplanned visits (3 studies).CONCLUSIONSImproving patient engagement through the use of media, visual aids, or by involving patients when creating or delivering a discharge tool improves comprehension. However, further studies are needed to clarify the effect on patient experience, adherence, and healthcare utilization postdischarge. Better characterization of the level of patient engagement when designing discharge tools is needed given the heterogeneity found in current studies.
A Refined Approach for Non-Negative Entire Solutions of Δ u + up = 0 with Subcritical Sobolev Growth
Authors: Villavert John 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Let

N
≥
2

{N\geq 2}

and

1
<
p
<

(

N
+
2

)

/

(

N
-
2

)

+

{1<p<(N+2)/(N-2)_{+}}

. Consider the Lane–Emden equation

Δ
⁢
u

+

u
p

=
0

{\Delta u+u^{p}=0}

in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

and recall the classical Liouville type theorem: if u is a non-negative classical solution of the Lane–Emden equation, then

u
≡
0

{u\equiv 0}

.
The method of moving planes combined with the Kelvin transform provides an elegant proof of this theorem. A classical approach of Serrin and Zou, originally used for the Lane–Emden system, yields another proof but only in lower dimensions. Motivated by this, we further refine this approach to find an alternative proof of the Liouville type theorem in all dimensions.
Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Activated by Evoked Released Protons Modulate Synaptic Transmission at the Mouse Calyx of Held Synapse
Authors: González-Inchauspe Carlota , Urbano Francisco J. , Di Guilmi Mariano N. , Uchitel Osvaldo D. 
Published: February 2017

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) regulate synaptic activities and play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that these channels can be activated in neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of the auditory system in the CNS. A drop in extracellular pH induces transient inward ASIC currents (IASICs) in postsynaptic MNTB neurons from wild-type mice. The inhibition of IASICs by psalmotoxin-1 (PcTx1) and the absence of these currents in knock-out mice for ASIC-1a subunit (ASIC1a−/−) suggest that homomeric ASIC-1as are mediating these currents in MNTB neurons. Furthermore, we detect ASIC1a-dependent currents during synaptic transmission, suggesting an acidification of the synaptic cleft due to the corelease of neurotransmitter and H+from synaptic vesicles. These currents are capable of eliciting action potentials in the absence of glutamatergic currents. A significant characteristic of these homomeric ASIC-1as is their permeability to Ca2+. Activation of ASIC-1a in MNTB neurons by exogenous H+induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, the activation of postsynaptic ASIC-1as during high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the presynaptic nerve terminal leads to a PcTx1-sensitive increase in intracellular Ca2+in MNTB neurons, which is independent of glutamate receptors and is absent in neurons from ASIC1a−/−mice. During HFS, the lack of functional ASICs in synaptic transmission results in an enhanced short-term depression of glutamatergic EPSCs. These results strongly support the hypothesis of protons as neurotransmitters and demonstrate that presynaptic released protons modulate synaptic transmission by activating ASIC-1as at the calyx of Held–MNTB synapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe manuscript demonstrates that postsynaptic neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body at the mouse calyx of Held synapse express functional homomeric Acid-sensing ion channel-1a (ASIC-1as) that can be activated by protons (coreleased with neurotransmitter from acidified synaptic vesicles). These ASIC-1as contribute to the generation of postsynaptic currents and, more relevant, to calcium influx, which could be involved in the modulation of presynaptic transmitter release. Inhibition or deletion of ASIC-1a leads to enhanced short-term depression, demonstrating that they are concerned with short-term plasticity of the synapse. ASICs represent a widespread communication system with unique properties. We expect that our experiments will have an impact in the neurobiology field and will spread in areas related to neuronal plasticity.
Resistance to Multiple Soil-Borne Pathogens of the Pacific Northwest, USA Is Colocated in a Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Population
Authors: Thompson Alison L , Mahoney Aaron K , Smiley Richard W , Paulitz Timothy C , Hulbert Scot , Garland-Campbell Kim 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Soil-borne pathogens of the Pacific Northwest decrease yields in both spring and winter wheat. Pathogens of economic importance include Fusarium culmorum, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, and Rhizoctonia solani AG8. Few options are available to growers to manage these pathogens and reduce yield loss, therefore the focus for breeding programs is on developing resistant wheat cultivars. A recombinant inbred line population, LouAu (MP-7, NSL 511036), was developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to P. neglectus and P. thornei. This same population was later suspected to be resistant to F. culmorum and R. solani AG8. This study confirms partial resistance to F. culmorum and R. solani AG8 is present in this population. Six major and 16 speculative QTL were identified across seven measured traits. Four of the six major QTL were found within the same genomic region of the 5A wheat chromosome suggesting shared gene(s) contribute to the resistance. These QTL will be useful in breeding programs looking to incorporate resistance to soil-borne pathogens in wheat cultivars.
Role of Ectopic Gene Conversion in the Evolution of a Candida krusei Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Transporter Family
Authors: Lamping Erwin , Zhu Jing-yi , Niimi Masakazu , Cannon Richard David 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Gene duplications enable the evolution of novel gene function, but strong positive selection is required to preserve advantageous mutations in a population. This is because frequent ectopic gene conversions (EGCs) between highly similar, tandem-duplicated, sequences, can rapidly remove fate-determining mutations by replacing them with the neighboring parent gene sequences. Unfortunately, the high sequence similarities between tandem-duplicated genes severely hamper empirical studies of this important evolutionary process, because deciphering their correct sequences is challenging. In this study, we employed the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to clone and functionally characterize all 30 alleles of an important pair of tandem-duplicated multidrug efflux pump genes, ABC1 and ABC11, from seven strains of the diploid pathogenic yeast Candida krusei. Discovery and functional characterization of their closest ancestor, C. krusei ABC12, helped elucidate the evolutionary history of the entire gene family. Our data support the proposal that the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters Abc1p and Abc11p have evolved by concerted evolution for ∼134 MY. While &gt;90% of their sequences remained identical, very strong purifying selection protected six short DNA patches encoding just 18 core amino acid (aa) differences in particular trans membrane span (TMS) regions causing two distinct efflux pump functions. A proline-kink change at the bottom of Abc11p TMS3 was possibly fate determining. Our data also enabled the first empirical estimates for key parameters of eukaryotic gene evolution, they provided rare examples of intron loss, and PDR transporter phylogeny confirmed that C. krusei belongs to a novel, yet unnamed, third major Saccharomycotina lineage.
X-Chromosome Control of Genome-Scale Recombination Rates in House Mice
Authors: Dumont Beth L 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sex differences in recombination are widespread in mammals, but the causes of this pattern are poorly understood. Previously, males from two interfertile subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. castaneus, were shown to exhibit a ∼30% difference in their global crossover frequencies. Much of this crossover rate divergence is explained by six autosomal loci and a large-effect locus on the X chromosome. Intriguingly, the allelic effects at this X-linked locus are transgressive, with the allele conferring increased crossover rate being transmitted by the low crossover rate M. m. castaneus parent. Despite the pronounced divergence between males, females from these subspecies exhibit similar crossover rates, raising the question of how recombination is genetically controlled in this sex. Here, I analyze publicly available genotype data from early generations of the Collaborative Cross, an eight-way panel of recombinant inbred strains, to estimate crossover frequencies in female mice with sex-chromosome genotypes of diverse subspecific origins. Consistent with the transgressive influence of the X chromosome in males, I show that females inheriting an M. m. castaneus X possess higher average crossover rates than females lacking the M. m. castaneus X chromosome. The differential inheritance of the X chromosome in males and females provides a simple genetic explanation for sex-limited evolution of this trait. Further, the presence of X-linked and autosomal crossover rate modifiers with antagonistic effects hints at an underlying genetic conflict fueled by selection for distinct crossover rate optima in males and females.
Reliance of Wolbachia on High Rates of Host Proteolysis Revealed by a Genome-Wide RNAi Screen of Drosophila Cells
Authors: White Pamela M , Serbus Laura R , Debec Alain , Codina Adan , Bray Walter , Guichet Antoine , Lokey R Scott , Sullivan William 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Wolbachia are gram-negative, obligate, intracellular bacteria carried by a majority of insect species worldwide. Here we use a Wolbachia-infected Drosophila cell line and genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening to identify host factors that influence Wolbachia titer. By screening an RNAi library targeting 15,699 transcribed host genes, we identified 36 candidate genes that dramatically reduced Wolbachia titer and 41 that increased Wolbachia titer. Host gene knockdowns that reduced Wolbachia titer spanned a broad array of biological pathways including genes that influenced mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. In addition, knockdown of seven genes in the host ubiquitin and proteolysis pathways significantly reduced Wolbachia titer. To test the in vivo relevance of these results, we found that drug and mutant inhibition of proteolysis reduced levels of Wolbachia in the Drosophila oocyte. The presence of Wolbachia in either cell lines or oocytes dramatically alters the distribution and abundance of ubiquitinated proteins. Functional studies revealed that maintenance of Wolbachia titer relies on an intact host Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation pathway (ERAD). Accordingly, electron microscopy studies demonstrated that Wolbachia is intimately associated with the host ER and dramatically alters the morphology of this organelle. Given Wolbachia lack essential amino acid biosynthetic pathways, the reliance of Wolbachia on high rates of host proteolysis via ubiquitination and the ERAD pathways may be a key mechanism for provisioning Wolbachia with amino acids. In addition, the reliance of Wolbachia on the ERAD pathway and disruption of ER morphology suggests a previously unsuspected mechanism for Wolbachia’s potent ability to prevent RNA virus replication.
Structure and Origin of the White Cap Locus and Its Role in Evolution of Grain Color in Maize
Authors: Tan Bao-Cai , Guan Jiahn-Chou , Ding Shuo , Wu Shan , Saunders Jonathan W , Koch Karen E , McCarty Donald R 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Selection for yellow- and white-grain types has been central to postdomestication improvement of maize. While genetic control of carotenoid biosynthesis in endosperm is attributed primarily to the Yellow1 (Y1) phytoene synthase gene, less is known about the role of the dominant white endosperm factor White Cap (Wc). We show that the Wc locus contains multiple, tandem copies of a Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (Ccd1) gene that encodes a carotenoid-degrading enzyme. A survey of 111 maize inbreds and landraces, together with 22 teosinte accessions, reveals that Wc is exclusive to maize, where it is prevalent in white-grain (y1) varieties. Moreover, Ccd1 copy number varies extensively among Wc alleles (from 1 to 23 copies), and confers a proportional range of Ccd1 expression in diverse organs. We propose that this dynamic source of quantitative variation in Ccd1 expression was created in maize shortly after domestication by a two-step, Tam3L transposon-mediated process. First, a chromosome segment containing Ccd1 and several nearby genes duplicated at a position 1.9 Mb proximal to the progenitor Ccd1r locus on chromosome 9. Second, a subsequent interaction of Tam3L transposons at the new locus created a 28-kb tandem duplication, setting up expansion of Ccd1 copy number by unequal crossing over. In this way, transposon-mediated variation in copy number at the Wc locus generated phenotypic variation that provided a foundation for breeding and selection of white-grain color in maize.
BEBERAPAPARAMETERPOPULASI IKANBAWALAIRTAWAR (Colossomamacropomum)DIWADUKCIRATA, JAWABARAT
Authors: Putri Masayu RahmiaAnwar , Tjahjo Didik WahjuHendro 
Published: February 2017

Ikan bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum) saat ini merupakan ikan konsumsi yang telah banyak dibudidayakan karena proses produksinya yang cukup singkat dan tahan terhadap serangan penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untukmenduga hubungan panjang dan bobot, parameter pertumbuhan,mortalitas, dan upaya penangkapan ikan bawal air tawar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Waduk Cirata Jawa Barat pada tahun 2008 dan 2009. Hubungan panjang dan bobot ikan bawal air tawar digambarkan dalampersamaanW=0,0365L2,7788 dengan faktor kondisi 1,07. Pendugaan parameter pertumbuhan yang diperoleh adalah L¥=29,40 cm, K=0,19 per tahun, dan t0=0,89 tahun. Nilai Z=0,82 per tahun,M=0,61 per tahun, F=0,20 per tahun, dan E=0,25, karena E<Eoptmaka diduga belumterjadilebih tangkap. Present, bawal freshwater (Colossomamacropomum) was a consumption fish that have been cultivated because the short production process and was very resistant to diseases. This study was carried out for estimating length weight relationship, growth parameter, mortality, and catching effort of bawal freshwater. This research was carried out at Cirata Reservoir, West Java on 2008 and 2009. The length weight relationship was described by the equationW=0.0365L2.7788 with condition factor 1.07. Estimating of growth parameters which obtained were L¥=29.40 cm, K=0.19 per year, and t0=0.89 year. The value of Z=0.82 per year, M=0.61 per year, F=0.20 per year and E=0.25. Because E<Eopt, then estimated, that the fish population has not over exploited.
BEBERAPAASPEKBIOLOGI IKANMANGGABAI (Glossogobius giuris) DI DANAULIMBOTO,GORONTALO
Authors: Suryandari Astri , Krismono Krismono 
Published: February 2017

Ikan manggabai (Glossogobius giuris) merupakan salah satu ikan Danau Limboto yang bernilai ekonomis penting dan sudah mengalami tingkat eksploitasi yang tinggi. Untuk pengelolaan populasi ikan secara berkelanjutan diperlukan banyak data yang antara lain mencakup aspek biologi jenis yang bersangkutan. Studi mengenai beberapa aspek biologi ikanmanggabai di Danau Limboto telah dilakukan pada bulan Pebruari sampai Oktober 2008. Contoh ikan dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan jaring insang (gill net) dengan ukuran mata jaring 2,5 dan 3 inci, bunggo (trap) dan dudayahu (push net). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikanmanggabai merupakan ikan piscivora dengan makanan utama berupa ikan payangka (Ophiocara porocephala) dan tawes (Barbonimus gonionotus). Pola pertumbuhan ikan manggabai adalah alometrik (W = 0,013 L2,7053) dengan fekunditas berkisar antara 18.578-335.034 butir serta diameter telurnya 0,33-0,83 mm dan indeks kematangan gonad 2,32-8,65%. Study of some biological aspects of Glossogobius giuris was conducted in Lake Limboto from February until October 2008. Samples were collected using gillnet of 2.5 dan 3.0 inches mesh size, trap and push net. Based on its food habit, Glossogobius giuris is classified as carnivore that feed on fish. The length and weight relationship was W= 0.013 L2,7053 and growth type was isometric. The fecundity of this fish was 18.578-335.034 eggs with diameter of 0.33-0.83 mm and gonado somatic index of 2.32-8.65%.