bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON RAMSEY’S THEOREM AND THE EXISTENCE OF INFINITE CHAINS OR INFINITE ANTI-CHAINS IN INFINITE POSETS
Authors: TACHTSIS ELEFTHERIOS 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRamsey’s Theorem is naturally connected to the statement “every infinite partially ordered set has either an infinite chain or an infinite anti-chain”. Indeed, it is a well-known result that Ramsey’s Theorem implies the latter principle.In the book “Consequences of the Axiom of Choice” by P. Howard and J. E. Rubin, it is stated as unknown whether the above implication is reversible, that is whether the principle “every infinite partially ordered set has either an infinite chain or an infinite anti-chain” implies Ramsey’s Theorem. The purpose of this paper is to settle the aforementioned open problem. In particular, we construct a suitable Fraenkel–Mostowski permutation model ${\cal N}$ for ZFA and prove that the above principle for infinite partially ordered sets is true in ${\cal N}$, whereas Ramsey’s Theorem is false in ${\cal N}$. Then, based on the existence of ${\cal N}$ and on results of D. Pincus, we show that there is a model of ZF which satisfies “every infinite partially ordered set has either an infinite chain or an infinite anti-chain” and the negation of Ramsey’s Theorem.In addition, we prove that Ramsey’s Theorem (hence, the above principle for infinite partially ordered sets) is true in Mostowski’s linearly ordered model, filling the gap of information in the book “Consequences of the Axiom of Choice”.
THE TUKEY ORDER ON COMPACT SUBSETS OF SEPARABLE METRIC SPACES
Authors: GARTSIDE PAUL , MAMATELASHVILI ANA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne partially ordered set, Q, is a Tukey quotient of another, P, if there is a map (a Tukey quotient) $\phi :P \to Q$ carrying cofinal sets of P to cofinal sets of Q. Two partial orders which are mutual Tukey quotients of each other are said to be Tukey equivalent. Let ${\cal D}_{\rm{&#xF01C;}} $ be the partially ordered set of Tukey equivalence classes of directed sets of size $ \le {\rm{&#xF01C;}}$. It is shown that ${\cal D}_{\rm{&#xF01C;}} $ contains an antichain of size $2^{\rm{&#xF01C;}} $, and so has size $2^{\rm{&#xF01C;}} $. The elements of the antichain are of the form ${\cal K}\left( M \right)$, the set of compact subsets of a separable metrizable space M, ordered by inclusion. The order structure of such ${\cal K}\left( M \right)$’s under Tukey quotients is investigated. Relative Tukey quotients are introduced. Applications are given to function spaces and to the complexity of weakly countably determined Banach spaces and Gul’ko compacta.
FORKING AND SUPERSTABILITY IN TAME AECS
Authors: VASEY SEBASTIEN 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe prove that any tame abstract elementary class categorical in a suitable cardinal has an eventually global good frame: a forking-like notion defined on all types of single elements. This gives the first known general construction of a good frame in ZFC. We show that we already obtain a well-behaved independence relation assuming only a superstability-like hypothesis instead of categoricity. These methods are applied to obtain an upward stability transfer theorem from categoricity and tameness, as well as new conditions for uniqueness of limit models.
STABLE CANONICAL RULES
Authors: BEZHANISHVILI GURAM , BEZHANISHVILI NICK , IEMHOFF ROSALIE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe introduce stable canonical rules and prove that each normal modal multi-conclusion consequence relation is axiomatizable by stable canonical rules. We apply these results to construct finite refutation patterns for modal formulas, and prove that each normal modal logic is axiomatizable by stable canonical rules. We also define stable multi-conclusion consequence relations and stable logics and prove that these systems have the finite model property. We conclude the paper with a number of examples of stable and nonstable systems, and show how to axiomatize them.
À LA RECHERCHE DU TORE PERDU
Authors: BLOSSIER THOMAS , MARTIN-PIZARRO AMADOR , WAGNER FRANK O. 
Published: March 2016

RésuméUn groupe interprétable dans le mauvais corps vert est isogène à un quotient d’un sous-groupe définissable d’un groupe algébrique par une puissance du groupe vert. Un sous-groupe définissable d’un groupe algébrique dans un corps vert ou rouge est une extension des points colorés d’un groupe algébrique multiplicatif ou additif par un groupe algébrique. En particulier, tout groupe simple définissable dans un corps coloré est algébrique.
Assessing the impact of climate change on crop management in winter wheat – a case study for Eastern Austria
Authors: EBRAHIMI E. , MANSCHADI A. M. , NEUGSCHWANDTNER R. W. , EITZINGER J , THALER S. , KAUL H.-P. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYClimate change is expected to affect optimum agricultural management practices for autumn-sown wheat, especially those related to sowing date and nitrogen (N) fertilization. To assess the direction and quantity of these changes for an important production region in eastern Austria, the agricultural production systems simulator was parameterized, evaluated and subsequently used to predict yield production and grain protein content under current and future conditions. Besides a baseline climate (BL, 1981–2010), climate change scenarios for the period 2035–65 were derived from three Global Circulation Models (GCMs), namely CGMR, IPCM4 and MPEH5, with two emission scenarios, A1B and B1. Crop management scenarios included a combination of three sowing dates (20 September, 20 October, 20 November) with four N fertilizer application rates (60, 120, 160, 200 kg/ha). Each management scenario was run for 100 years of stochastically generated daily weather data. The model satisfactorily simulated productivity as well as water and N use of autumn- and spring-sown wheat crops grown under different N supply levels in the 2010/11 and 2011/12 experimental seasons. Simulated wheat yields under climate change scenarios varied substantially among the three GCMs. While wheat yields for the CGMR model increased slightly above the BL scenario, under IPCM4 projections they were reduced by 29 and 32% with low or high emissions, respectively. Wheat protein appears to increase with highest increments in the climate scenarios causing the largest reductions in grain yield (IPCM4 and MPEH-A1B). Under future climatic conditions, maximum wheat yields were predicted for early sowing (September 20) with 160 kg N/ha applied at earlier dates than the current practice.
Germination and seedling emergence responses of common bean and cowpea to plant extract seed treatments
Authors: MASANGWA J. I. G. , KRITZINGER Q. , AVELING T. A. S. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe present study was initiated to investigate the effect of crude plant extracts as seed treatments onPhaseolus vulgaris(common bean) andVigna unguiculata(cowpea) seed germination and emergence in the presence ofColletotrichum lindemuthianumandColletotrichum dematium,respectively. Common bean and cowpea seeds were treated with crude water and acetone extracts ofAgapanthus caulescensSpreng.,Allium sativumL.,Carica papayaL. andSyzygium cordatumHochst.ex Krauss at 5 and 15 mg/ml concentrations. Seeds treated with the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil+mefenoxam (the commercial product Celest®XL) represented the positive control, whereas dimethyl sulphoxide and water-soaked seeds represented negative controls. The rolled paper towel method of the International Seed Testing Association was used to investigate the effect of the treatments on seed germination. Mean emergence time (MET) was determined using seed inoculated with the respective pathogens. The changes in the ultrastructure of embryonic roots and the connecting tissues of embryo-cotyledon of common bean and cowpea treated withSyzygiumacetone extracts andAgapanthuswater extracts were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High germination percentages of >90% were observed in bean seeds from two production seasons treated with low concentrations of water extracts ofAllium, SyzygiumandAgapanthusand acetone extracts ofAllium, AgapanthusandCarica. These treatments also recorded high emergence percentages with low MET values, which were similar to the water control. Cowpea seeds treated withCaricawater extract had the highest germination and emergence.Syzygiumacetone was the only extract that gave higher germination and emergence in both IT93K5132 and PAN 311 varieties. Therefore,Caricawater andSyzygiumacetone extracts can be considered as potential bean and cowpea seed treatments. Generally, there were inconsistencies in terms of correlations of germination with emergence percentages in both cowpea and bean seed treated with plant extracts used in the study, which could be due to differences in vigour. The TEM study of embryo-cotyledon tissue of both species revealed thatSyzygiumandAgapanthusextract seed treatment may accelerate metabolic processes as evidenced by the presence of vacuoles, many cristae and few lipid bodies.
CEO Personal Risk-Taking and Corporate Policies
Authors: Cain Matthew D. , McKeon Stephen B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study analyzes the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) personal risk-taking, corporate risk-taking, and total firm risk. We find evidence that CEOs who possess private pilot licenses (our proxy for personal risk-taking) are associated with riskier firms. Firms led by pilot CEOs have higher equity return volatility, beyond the amount explained by compensation components that financially reward risk-taking. We trace the source of the elevated firm risk to specific corporate policies, including leverage and acquisition activity. Our results suggest that nonpecuniary risk preferences revealed outside the scope of the firm have implications for project selection and various corporate policies.
TheCHRM3gene is implicated in abnormal thalamo-orbital frontal cortex functional connectivity in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Q. , Cheng W. , Li M. , Ren H. , Hu X. , Deng W. , Li M. , Ma X. , Zhao L. , Wang Y. , Xiang B. , Wu H.-M. , Sham P. C. , Feng J. , Li T. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe genetic influences in human brain structure and function and impaired functional connectivities are the hallmarks of the schizophrenic brain. To explore how common genetic variants affect the connectivities in schizophrenia, we applied genome-wide association studies assaying the abnormal neural connectivities in schizophrenia as quantitative traits.MethodWe recruited 161 first-onset and treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia and 150 healthy controls. All the participants underwent scanning with a 3 T-magnetic resonance imaging scanner to acquire structural and functional imaging data and genotyping using the HumanOmniZhongHua-8 BeadChip. The brain-wide association study approach was employed to account for the inherent modular nature of brain connectivities.ResultsWe found differences in four abnormal functional connectivities [left rectus to left thalamus (REC.L–THA.L), left rectus to right thalamus (REC.L–THA.R), left superior orbital cortex to left thalamus (ORBsup.L–THA.L) and left superior orbital cortex to right thalamus (ORBsup.L–THA.R)] between the two groups. Univariate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based association revealed that the SNP rs6800381, located nearest to theCHRM3(cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3) gene, reached genomic significance (p= 1.768 × 10−8) using REC.L–THA.R as the phenotype. Multivariate gene-based association revealed that theFAM12A(family with sequence similarity 12, member A) gene nearly reached genomic significance (nominalp= 2.22 × 10–6, correctedp= 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, we identified the first evidence that theCHRM3gene plays a role in abnormal thalamo-orbital frontal cortex functional connectivity in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia. Identification of these genetic variants using neuroimaging genetics provides insights into the causes of variability in human brain development, and may help us determine the mechanisms of dysfunction in schizophrenia.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENTS FOR MILD-TO-MODERATE OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN FRANCE
Authors: Poullié Anne-Isabelle , Cognet Magali , Gauthier Aline , Clementz Marine , Druais Sylvain , Späth Hans-Martin , Perrier Lionel , Scemama Oliver , Pichon Catherine Rumeau , Harousseau Jean-Luc 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: Untreated obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, and road traffic accidents (RTAs), which impact survival and health-related quality of life. This study, funded by the French National Authority for Health (HAS), aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of different treatments (i.e., continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], dental devices, lifestyle advice, and no treatment) in patients with mild-to-moderate OSAHS in France.Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate the progression of two cohorts, stratified by CV risk, over a lifetime horizon. Daytime sleepiness and RTAs were taken into account for all patients while CV events were only considered for patients with high CV risk.Results: For patients with low CV risk, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of dental devices versus no treatment varied between 32,976 EUR (moderate OSAHS) and 45,579 EUR (mild OSAHS) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and CPAP versus dental devices, above 256,000 EUR/QALY. For patients with high CV risk, CPAP was associated with a gain of 0.62 QALY compared with no treatment, resulting in an ICER of 10,128 EUR/QALY.Conclusion: The analysis suggests that it is efficient to treat all OSAHS patients with high CV risk with CPAP and that dental devices are more efficient than CPAP for mild-to-moderate OSAHS with low CV risk. However, out-of-pocket costs are currently much higher for dental devices than for CPAP (i.e., 3,326 EUR versus 2,430 EUR) as orthodontic treatment is mainly non-refundable in France.
Vulnerability
Authors: CUNHA THIAGO , GARRAFA VOLNEI 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Collating the concepts of vulnerability through five regional perspectives on bioethics from the United States, Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia, this article proposes a means of integration between the different approaches in order to seek a theoretical and normative basis for the field of global bioethics. It argues that only through opening continuous, critical, and self-critical dialogue within the international bioethical community will it be possible to achieve a sufficiently global understanding of vulnerability that is capable of identifying the means needed for addressing the conditions that leave certain groups and individuals more susceptible to “wounding” than others.
Vulnerability and Trustworthiness
Authors: BARNARD DAVID 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Although recent literature on professionalism in healthcare abounds in recommended character traits, attitudes, or behaviors, with a few exceptions, the recommendations are untethered to any serious consideration of the contours and ethical demands of the healing relationship. This article offers an approach based on the professional’s commitment to trustworthiness in response to the vulnerability of those seeking professional help. Because our willingness and ability to trust health professionals or healthcare institutions are affected by our personality, culture, race, age, prior experiences with illness and healthcare, and socioeconomic and political circumstances—“the social determinants of trust”—the attitudes and behaviors that actually do gain trust are patient and context specific. Therefore, in addition to the commitment to cultivating attitudes and behaviors that embody trustworthiness, professionalism also includes the commitment to actually gaining a patient’s or family’s trust by learning, through individualized dialogue, which conditions would win their justified trust, given their particular history and social situation.
Paediatric cardiology fellowship training: effect of work-hour regulations on scholarly activity
Authors: Ronai Christina , Lang Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn 2003, work-hour regulations were implemented by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Much has been published regarding resident rest and quality of life as well as patient safety. There has been no examination on the effect of work-hour restrictions on academic productivity of fellows in training. Paediatric subspecialty fellows have a scholarly requirement mandated by the American Board of Pediatrics. We have examined the impact of work-hour restrictions on the scholarly productivity of paediatric cardiology fellows during their fellowship.MethodsWe conducted a literature search for all paediatric cardiology fellows between 1998 and 2007 at a single academic institution as first or senior authors on papers published during their 3-year fellowship and 3 years after completion of their categorical fellowship (n=63, 30 fellows before 2003 and 33 fellows after 2003). The numbers of first- or senior-author fellow publications before and after 2003 were compared. We also collected data on final paediatric cardiology subspecialty career choice.ResultsThere was no difference in the number of fellow first-author publications before and after 2003. Before work-hour restrictions, the mean number of publications per fellow was 2.1 (±2.2), and after work-hour restrictions it was 2.0 (±1.8), (p=0.89). By subspecialty career choice, fellows who select electrophysiology, preventative cardiology, and heart failure always published within the 6-year time period.ConclusionsSince the implementation of work-hour regulations, total number of fellow first-authored publications has not changed. The role of subspecialty choice may play a role in academic productivity of fellows in training.
Food insecurity among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco
Authors: Schmitz Jane , Kral Alex H , Chu Daniel , Wenger Lynn D , Bluthenthal Ricky N 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe estimated the prevalence of food insecurity among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Los Angeles and San Francisco and explored correlates of food insecurity.DesignA cross-sectional study that measured 30 d food insecurity using the US Adult Food Security Survey ten-item Module developed by the US Department of Agriculture. Food insecurity was defined as including low and very low food security.SettingTwo cities in the state of California, USA.SubjectsMale and female active PWID (n 777).ResultsAmong participants, 58 % reported food insecurity and 41 % reported very low food security. Food-insecure PWID were more likely to report being homeless (prevalence ratio (PR)=1·20; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·37), chest pain in the past 12 months (PR=1·19; CI 1·06, 1·35), acquiring syringes from someone who goes to a syringe exchange programme (PR=1·27; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·43) and feeling at risk for arrest for possession of drug paraphernalia (PR=1·30; 95 % CI 1·15, 1·46).ConclusionsCurrent food insecurity was common among PWID in these two cities, yet few factors were independently associated with food insecurity. These data suggest that broad strategies to improve food access for this high-risk population are urgently needed.
The effect of providing lipid-based nutrient supplements on morbidity in rural Malawian infants and young children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bendabenda Jaden , Alho Lotta , Ashorn Ulla , Cheung Yin Bun , Dewey Kathryn G , Vosti Stephen A , Phuka John , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveSafety of home fortificants in children is uncertain in areas where infections are common. We tested the hypothesis that provision of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) containing Fe does not increase infectious morbidity in children.DesignRandomized controlled trial. Infants were randomised to receive 10, 20 or 40 g LNS/d; or no supplement until age 18 months. All LNS contained 6 mg Fe/d. Morbidity outcomes (serious adverse events, non-scheduled visits and guardian-reported morbidity episodes) were compared between control and intervention groups using a non-inferiority margin of 20 %.SettingNamwera and Mangochi catchment areas in rural Malawi.SubjectsInfants aged 6 months (n1932).ResultsThe enrolled 1932 infants contributed 1306 child-years of follow-up. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Compared with the control group, the relative risk (95 % CI) of serious adverse events was 0·71 (0·48, 1·07), 0·67 (0·48, 0·95) and 0·91 (0·66, 1·25) in 10, 20 and 40 g LNS/d groups, respectively. The incidence rate ratio (95 % CI) of non-scheduled visits due to malaria was 1·10 (0·88, 1·37), 1·08 (0·89, 1·31) and 1·21 (1·00, 1·46), and of guardian-reported morbidity episodes was 1·04 (0·96, 1·11), 1·03 (0·97, 1·10) and 1·04 (0·97, 1·10), in the respective LNS groups.ConclusionsProvision of 10 and 20 g LNS/d containing 6 mg Fe/d did not increase morbidity in the children. Provision of 40 g LNS/d did not affect guardian-reported illness episodes but may have increased malaria-related non-scheduled visits.
Radiation Therapists’ and Diagnostic Radiographers’ participation in continuing professional development and knowledge of Regulatory Body Registration
Authors: Walsh Ríona , Craig Agnella 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIrish healthcare has seen radical reforms in recent years. Regulatory Body Registration was introduced to improve patient care and regulate professionals. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a requirement of registration. Professionals need to keep up-to-date with new techniques and technologies while maintaining their skills.PurposeThis research assessed the factors affecting CPD participation in Radiation Therapists and Diagnostic Radiographers and their knowledge and attitudes towards Regulatory Body Registration.Materials and methodsOnline surveys were designed and made available on the Irish Institute of Radiography and Radiation Therapy (IIRRT) Website for IIRRT members. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and χ2 tests in a statistical computer programme.ResultsPersonal development, time, cost and staff shortages negatively affect CPD participation. Reflective practise is not a barrier to CPD. Knowledge and attitudes to Regulatory Body Registration varied.ConclusionCPD must be developed in Radiation Therapy and Diagnostic Radiography. Funding, time and increased staffing could result in effective implementation of CPD. Regulatory Body Registration has been communicated but more information regarding the process is required.
Predispersal seed predation on three Vachellia species and one Senegalia species (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia and Menagesha forest, Ethiopia
Authors: Yirgu Abraham 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study on predispersal seed predation of the leguminous speciesVachellia abyssinica(Hochst. Ex. Benth.) Kyal &amp; Boatwr.,Senegalia senegal(L.) Britton,Vachellia seyal(Del.) P.J.H. Hurter, andVachellia tortilis(Forssk.) Galasso &amp; Banfi was conducted around Lake Langano and Menagesha Forest in Ethiopia to identify the associated seed predators and determine their impact on seed germination. Eight seed beetlesBruchidius albosparsus(Fåhraeus, 1839),B. aurivillii(Blanc, 1889),B. djemensisDecelle 1971,B. discoidalis(Fåhraeus, 1839),B. sinaitus(K. Daniel, 1907),B. silaceus(Fåhraeus, 1839),B. sp 411,B. simulans(Anton and Delobel, 2003), and one unidentified species of Cerambycidae were found associated with seeds of theseAcaciaspecies. These predators damaged less than 9% of seeds of these species, which exhibited lower germination. This study provides unrecorded lists of predispersal seed predators associated with seeds ofVachelliaandSenegaliaspecies in Ethiopia, and some associations are new. There is need to assess the distribution, abundance and effects of predispersal seed predators on otherVachellia, as well as other tree species.