bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erdheim–Chester disease: An elusive diagnosis in a 50‐year‐old Ethiopian man presenting with diffuse sclerotic bone lesion
Authors: Usmael Semir Abdi , Gebrehiywot Addisu Alemu , Bekele Ashenafi Lemma , Yezengaw Solomon Bishaw , Tefera Tekalign Tsegaye , Bote Hunduma Bikila , Shibeshi Kalkidan Abera , Fantaye Anteneh Belachew 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageDiagnosis of Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) requires the clinician to be familiar with its various manifestations, classic radiologic and histologic features. This case highlights the significance of considering ECD in any patient presenting with bone pain and symmetric osteosclerosis of long bones of extremities to allow for early diagnosis and treatment.AbstractErdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non‐Langerhans histiocytic disorder with diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from indolent, localized presentation to life‐threatening, multi‐systemic disease. Delayed or erroneous diagnosis is common. The presence of classic radiographic finding along with foamy histiocytes that is positive for CD68 but negative for CD1a on histologic examination establishes the diagnosis. We report a second case of ECD from Ethiopia. A 50‐year‐old Ethiopian man presented with a 13‐year history of bilateral lower leg bone pain, cold intolerance, somnolence, constipation, impotence, decreased libido, and secondary infertility. The diagnosis was suspected when skeletal X‐ray revealed bilateral symmetric sclerosis of metadiaphysis of femur, tibia, and humerus. The demonstration of foamy histiocytes that were positive for CD68 but negative for CD1a on histologic examination with immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis. Evaluation for the extent of the disease revealed coated aorta sign, hairy kidney sign, and cystic lesion with ground glass opacity of lung, primary hypothyroidism, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. ECD is rare histiocytic neoplasm with wide range of clinical features which often delay the diagnosis. Clinician should be mindful of the various presentations and the classic radiographic and histologic features of ECD. This case highlights the significance of entertaining ECD in any patient presenting with lower leg bone pain and symmetric osteosclerosis of long bones of lower extremities to allow for early diagnosis and treatment.
100 μs Luminescence Lifetime Boosts the Excited State Reactivity of a Ruthenium(II)‐Anthracene Complex in Photon Upconversion and Photocatalytic Polymerizations with Red Light
Authors: Hammecke Heinrich , Fritzler Dennis , Vashistha Nikita , Jin Pengyue , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Wang Cui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe triplet excited state lifetime of a photosensitizer is an essential parameter for diffusion‐controlled energy‐ and electron‐transfer, which occurs usually in a competitive manner to the intrinsic decay of a triplet excited state. Here we show the decisive role of luminescence lifetime in the triplet excited state reactivity toward energy‐ and electron transfer. Anchoring two phenyl anthracene chromophores to a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex (RuII ref) leads to a RuII triad with a luminescence lifetime above 100 μs, which is more than 40 times longer than that of the prototypical complex. The obtained RuII triad sensitizes energy transfer to anthracene‐based annihilators more efficiently than RuII ref and enables red‐to‐blue photon upconversion with a pseudo anti‐Stokes shift of 0.94 eV and a moderate upconversion efficiency near 1 % in aerated solution. Particularly, RuII triad allows rapid photoredox catalytic polymerizations of acrylate and acrylamide monomers under aerobic condition with red light, which are kinetically hindered for RuII ref. Our work shows that excited state lifetime of a photosensitizer governs the dynamics of the excited state reactions, which seems an overlooked but important aspect for photochemistry.
Axial Coordination Engineering on Fe−N−C Materials for Oxygen Reduction: Insights from Theory
Authors: Mou Yimin , Gao Shurui , Wang Yu , Li Yafei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAxial coordination engineering has emerged as an effective strategy to regulate the catalytic performance of metal−N−C materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the ORR mechanism and activity changes of their active centers modified by axial ligands are still unclear. Here, a comprehensive investigation of the ORR on a series of FeN4−L moieties (L stands for an axial ligand) is performed using advanced density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The axial ligand has a substantial effect on the electronic structure and catalytic activity of the FeN4 center. Specially, FeN4−C6H5 is screened as a promising active moiety with superior ORR activity, as further revealed by constant‐potential calculations and kinetic analysis. The enhanced activity is attributed to the weakened *OH adsorption caused by the altered electronic structure. Moreover, microkinetic modeling shows that at pH=1, FeN4−C6H5 possesses an impressive theoretical half‐wave potential of ~1.01 V, superior to the pristine Fe−N−C catalysts (~0.88 V) calculated at the same level. These findings advance the understanding of the ORR mechanism of FeN4−L and provide guidance for optimizing the ORR performance of single‐metal‐atom catalysts.
Risk of significant functional impairment across cancer diagnosis and care continuum
Authors: Flores Ann Marie , Shah Mitisha , Bedjeti Katy , Franklin Patricia D. , Peipert John Devin , Garcia Sofia F. , Lancki Nicola , Webster Kimberly A. , O’Connor Mary , Cella David 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe authors examined baseline physical functional (PF) impairment among cancer outpatients in the National Cancer Institute Cancer Moonshot study Northwestern University Improving the Management of Symptoms During and Following Cancer Treatment (NU IMPACT). They hypothesized that PF impairment, measured with the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System–Physical Function (PROMIS‐PF) survey, would (1) be common and more prevalent for patients receiving treatment compared with no treatment and (2) differ across tumor types, independent of cancer continuum phase.MethodsAdults who were diagnosed with cancer in NU IMPACT (n = 2273) were sampled, and their PROMIS‐PF scores were compared across tumor types and cancer continuum (curative, noncurative, or no treatment), with scores ≤40 indicating moderate–severe impairment. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relation among patient and cancer factors and PF scores using a 95% confidence interval.ResultsForty percent of the surveyed patients reported moderate–severe PF impairment. Patients with melanoma reported the least impairment, and those with lung cancer were 6.5 times more likely to have moderate–severe impairment (95% confidence interval, 2.393–17.769). The noncurative group was 1.5 times more likely to have moderate–severe impairment (95% confidence interval, 1.045–2.145; mean score, 43; p < .001) than the curative (mean score, 6) and no treatment (mean score, 48) groups. One‐third of those who reported PF impairment also had significant pain and/or fatigue.ConclusionsA sizeable minority experienced PF impairment across tumor types for which pain and/or fatigue co‐occurred, particularly in the noncurative group. The PROMIS‐PF survey effectively identified variations in physical function. Future studies will explore how screening for PF impairment can be used to refer patients for appropriate cancer rehabilitation services.
Comparison of the Effects of Different Palatal Morphology on Maxillary Expansion via RME and MSE: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Pan Yaohui , Peng Wenjing , Wang Yanyu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aims to compare and analyze the biomechanical effect and the displacement trend of RME and MSE on the maxillofacial complex under different palatal shapes by using finite element analysis.MethodsThe three‐dimensional model of maxillofacial complex was obtained from a computed tomography image of a person with a normal palate. Then, we modified the shape of the palate to obtain the model with a high palate. Additionally, two expander devices were considered. MSE and RME were created and four models were made: Model 1: Normal‐palate craniomaxillofacial complex with RME expander; Model 2: Normal‐palate craniomaxillofacial complex with MSE expander; Model 3: High‐palate craniomaxillofacial complex with RME expander; Model 4: High‐palate craniomaxillofacial complex with MSE expander. Then, lateral forced displacement was applied and the analysis results were obtained.ResultsThe lateral displacement of the palatal suture of Model 3 is greater than that of Model 1, and the maxilla has more rotation. The crown/root ratio of Model 1 is significantly greater than that of the other three groups. Compared with Model 1, Model 3 has greater stress concentration in the superstructure of the craniomaxillofacial complex. Both of them have greater stress in the anchorage area than Model 2 and Model 4.ConclusionDifferent shapes of the palate interfere with the effects of RME and MSE, and its influence on the stress distribution and displacement of the craniomaxillary complex when using RME is greater than MSE. The lateral displacement of the palatal suture of MSE is significantly larger than that of RME. It is more prone to tipping movement of the anchor teeth using RME under normal palate, and MSE may manage the vertical control better due to the smaller crown/root ratio than RME and intrusive movement of molars.
Industrial processing of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) for protein production
Authors: Yeasmen Nushrat , Orsat Valérie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing global interest in plant‐based proteins stems from concerns about the environmental impact, sustainability, animal welfare, and health implications associated with consuming animal‐based proteins. In the frame of alternative protein sources, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) emerged as a rich source of dietary proteins besides containing good amount of carbohydrate, fat, and fiber. As a protein ingredient, chickpea is available in three forms, namely, flour, concentrate, and isolate. This chickpea protein can be extracted using both wet and dry fractionation methods where the former one includes wet extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation, while the later one indicates dry milling followed by air classification. However, different nonthermal emerging technologies have been seen to assist in extracting protein as well as modifying their functionalities. This review gives an outline of the recently available literature on composition, industrial processing and associated technological challenges, functionality, and application of chickpea protein ingredients. Furthermore, discussion on the modification/improvement of chickpea protein functionality with the assistance of emerging technologies and the potentiality of by‐products produced during chickpea protein processing are also included. Based on the available findings and discussion, it is seen that apart from being a comparable source of alternative animal‐based protein to extract, chickpea derived by‐products can also be a potential source of valued ingredients that might contribute to the circular economy.
Black raspberry extract stimulates glucose uptake via adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase pathways in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Chiu Hui‐Fang , Golovinskaia Oksana , Tandoro Yohanes , Wang Li‐Shu , Wang Chin‐Kun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBlack raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) shows beneficial health effects, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, chemopreventive, antiproliferative, and antihyperglycemic activities. The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic activity of black raspberry extract (BRE) and potential mechanisms in skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with the BRE (1–1000 μg/mL) or metformin (1 mM). The protein levels of various insulin signaling targets were measured by western blot analysis. BRE significantly increased glucose uptake by upregulated insulin receptor and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) in C2C12 cells, leading to enhanced translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. The expression of phosphorylated (p)‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was also enhanced by treatment with BRE, this resulting in stimulation of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and hence glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. These results suggest that BRE has an antihyperglycemic effect by stimulating GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane via activating the PI3K and AMPK pathways in skeletal muscle cells, thereby upregulating glucose uptake. Black raspberry is a potential functional food and has important implications for preventing and treating type‐2 diabetes. In addition, our study found that the flavonoids fraction is the main contributor fraction to promote glucose uptake in C2C12 cells.
Meta‐analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance in prognosticating left ventricular function in peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Prameswari Hawani Sasmaya , Kamarullah William , Pranata Raymond , Putra Iwan Cahyo Santosa , Undarsa Alberta Claudia , Iqbal Mohammad , Dewi Triwedya Indra , Kusumawardhani Nuraini Yasmin , Akbar Mohammad Rizki , Astuti Astri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) may result in a number of detrimental adverse cardiovascular events, notably persistent left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction or even mortality. Imaging parameters on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and their prognostic implications have rarely been perused in PPCM. We aimed to describe CMR's prognostic value in predicting poor left ventricular (LV) function recovery using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T2‐weighted or T2 mapping.Methods and resultsPubMed, Europe PMC, and ScienceDirect were screened for studies on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and myocardial oedema using CMR and PPCM. The outcome of interest was poor LV function recovery, with a follow‐up period of at least 6 months. Comparisons between groups with the presence of LGE, myocardial oedema, and recovered against non‐recovered patients were pooled. A random‐effects model was employed to calculate the effect size. All pooled results were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The area under the curve (AUC) was generated to test overall prognostic accuracy. Six cohort studies with 162 patients were included. The mean age of participants in this study was 30.6 years, and the majority of patients were diagnosed with PPCM after delivery. LGE was associated with a higher risk of poor LV function recovery, particularly when conducted at a later stage of disease (≥2.8 months) [RR = 2.83 (95% CI = 1.25–6.40); P = 0.001]. On the contrary, CMR conducted early (<2.8 months) exhibited a greater predictive value for myocardial oedema perceived by T2 mapping [RR = 3.44 (95% CI = 1.04–11.34); P = 0.043]. Diagnostic‐test accuracy meta‐analysis revealed that LGE had a sensitivity of 73% (95% CI, 56–85%), specificity of 79% (95% CI, 45–95%), and AUC of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.75–0.82) in predicting poor LV recovery when performed in the later phase, whereas significant myocardial oedema in those with non‐recovered LV function had a sensitivity of 12% (95% CI, 2–52%), specificity of 68% (95% CI, 39–88%), and AUC of 0.40 (95% CI, 0.36–0.44) while undertaken in the latter phase. Our findings support the notion that inflammation plays a significant role in PPCM and that alterations to tissue composition occur in a time‐dependent manner.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced CMR can be utilized as an adjunct examination in post‐partum PPCM patients to stratify the risk of poor LV function recovery while conducted at a suitable point in time.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis of Planar Chiral Ferrocene‐based N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Shimizu Shungo , Osawa Kazuki , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents the development of a novel planar chiral ferrocene‐based NHC ligand and its corresponding metal complexes. The key unit of the imidazolium backbone, planar chiral ortho‐isopropyl ferrocenyl amine, was synthesized starting from (S)‐Ugi's amine. Imidazolium was obtained through the sequential condensation of glyoxal with ferrocenyl amine, followed by the ring‐closure of 1,3‐diferrocenyldiimine with chloromethylethyl ether. Chiral imidazolylidene NHC (IFcPr) metal complexes were prepared by treating imidazolium with silver oxide or base followed by transmetalation with appropriate metal salts. The steric and electronic properties of the IFcPr ligand were assessed using %Vbur and TEP, respectively. These assessments indicated that the ligand was as bulky as the adamantyl NHC ligand and exhibited strong donor ability similar to that of a triazolylidene NHC ligand. The catalytic performance of the copper and palladium complexes was evaluated in the asymmetric borylation of ethyl cinnamate and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions, respectively. The IFcPr−Cu complex catalyzed the borylation of ethyl cinnamate with bis(pinacolato) diboron, followed by oxidation to yield the hydroxy ester with 58 % yield and 30 % ee. In contrast, the IFcPr−Pd‐PEPPSI complex provided the axial chiral binaphthyl compound with 59 % yield and 51 % ee at a low catalyst loading (0.1 mol %, TON=590).
Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes by Organophotoredox Catalytic Diastereoselective Anion Radical [2+2] Photocycloadditions of Arylenones under Batch and Flow Conditions
Authors: Benettin Tommaso , Resta Simonetta , Puglisi Alessandra , Rossi Sergio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the anion radical [2+2] photocycloaddition of aryl‐enones was investigated under batch and flow conditions. The reaction was promoted by LiBr as a Lewis acid and catalyzed by Eosin Y under visible light irradiation. Symmetrical enones and asymmetrical unsaturated ketoesters were effectively cyclized to yield substituted bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes in high yield and diastereoselectivity. Through the exploration of different experimental setups and reaction conditions, a precise control over the diastereoselectivity of the process was achieved, favoring the formation of either cis or trans substituted bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes. In‐flow experiments allowed to further improve the efficiency of the methodology, leading to higher productivity and space time yields. Furthermore, DFT investigations were conducted in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
Sequential Aerial Oxidation and Atom‐Economical C‐3 Chalcogenation of Indolines Facilitated by Potassium tert‐Butoxide
Authors: Majee Suman , Shaw Siuli , Anjali Km. , Bose Sudeep , Patel Dharmik M. , Ghosh Subhash Chandra , Ray Devalina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn operationally straightforward and highly efficient potassium tert‐butoxide facilitated protocol for the C‐3 chalcogenation of indolines under catalyst and additive‐free conditions has been established under ambient temperature. The salient features of the process include the development of transition metal‐free, oxidant‐free and iodine‐free, atom‐economic and cost‐effective reaction conditions at room temperature in DMSO as solvent for regioselective generation of 3‐chalcogenyl indoles in high yields. The mechanistic interpretation through controlled experiments and analysis of intermediates suggests the prevalence of the ionic pathway. The reaction is scalable to gram‐scale without a significant decrease in product yield, indicating its potential for large‐scale applications. This protocol offers a practical and environment friendly approach to accessing a diverse range of 3‐arylthioindoles and 3‐arylselenylindoles withstanding electron releasing and withdrawing substituents in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, the biological evaluation of the 3‐arylselenylindole products exhibited significant activity against breast cancer and triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7, and MDA‐MB 231. These results indicate the derivatives to be potent candidates for further SAR study.
Understanding prosocial and antisocial behaviours: The roles of self‐focused and other‐focused motivational orientations
Authors: Joyal‐Desmarais Keven , Euh Hyun , Scharmer Alexandra , Snyder Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine how individual differences in self‐focused and other‐focused orientations relate to prosocial (e.g., helping, volunteerism) and antisocial (e.g., theft, violence) behaviours/attitudes. Using four datasets (total N = 176,216; across 78 countries), we find that other‐focused orientations (e.g., socially focused values, intimacy motivation, compassionate/communal traits) generally relate positively to prosocial outcomes and negatively to antisocial outcomes. These effects are highly consistent cross‐nationally and across multiple ways of operationalizing constructs. In contrast, self‐focused orientations (e.g., personally focused values, power motivation, assertive/agentic traits) tend to relate positively to both antisocial and prosocial outcomes. However, associations with prosocial outcomes vary substantially across nations and construct operationalizations. Overall, the effects of other‐focused orientations are consistently larger than those of self‐focused orientations. We discuss the implications of these findings for interventions that target self‐focused and other‐focused motivations to influence prosocial and antisocial outcomes.
Identifying and mitigating energy losses in Tesla turbines: A study on CFD optimization
Authors: Galindo Yovany , Núñez José , Beltrán Alberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the flow dynamics and energy losses of Tesla turbines using Computational Fluid Dynamics with OpenFOAM. Our goal is to identify the main sources of energy loss. Four main sources of energy loss were identified. The most significant loss occurred during the conversion of pressure energy to kinetic energy, estimated to range from to of the total energy. Energy losses due to leaks between the rotor and the casing were also quantified, ranging from to of the kinetic energy at peak efficiency points. Design modifications, such as incorporating a nozzle at the entrance of the turbine, can improve efficiency. These findings highlight specific areas for efficiency improvement, offering opportunities for improved turbine design and integration into energy‐generation systems.
Pathways from education to mortality, mediated through income
Authors: Bijwaard Govert E. , Barclay Kieron J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLower levels of education are associated with higher mortality. Lower levels of education are also associated with lower income, which is also associated with higher mortality. We investigate the impact of education on mortality and the extent to which this is mediated through income over the life course. We account for both selective educational attainment and selective income over the life course, through inverse propensity weighting (IPW) of the mortality hazard. We decompose the educational gain, that is, the decrease in mortality from more education, in the hazard into an indirect effect of education, running through changes in income and a direct effect of education, running through other factors. We use Swedish conscription data (men only), linked to parental information and individual annual income for the period 1968 till 2012. Our empirical results indicate large educational gains in mortality. We also find that this educational gradient runs through changes in income, especially for the more educated, and does not run through other factors related to education. We conduct several robustness and sensitivity checks that indicate that the results are robust.