bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of 1H‐MRS methods for large‐volume acquisition of low‐concentration downfield resonances at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Wilson Neil E. , Elliott Mark A. , Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Swago Sophia , Witschey Walter R. , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis goal of this study was to optimize spectrally selective 1H‐MRS methods for large‐volume acquisition of low‐concentration metabolites with downfield resonances at 7 T and 3 T, with particular attention paid to detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and tryptophan.MethodsSpectrally selective excitation was used to avoid magnetization‐transfer effects with water, and various sinc pulses were compared with a band‐selective, uniform response, pure‐phase (E‐BURP) pulse. Localization using a single‐slice selective pulse was compared with voxel‐based localization that used three orthogonal refocusing pulses, and low bandwidth refocusing pulses were used to take advantage of the chemical shift displacement of water. A technique for water sideband removal was added, and a method of coil channel combination for large volumes was introduced.ResultsProposed methods were compared qualitatively with previously reported techniques at 7 T. Sinc pulses resulted in reduced water signal excitation and improved spectral quality, with a symmetric, low bandwidth‐time product pulse performing best. Single‐slice localization allowed shorter TEs with large volumes, enhancing signal, whereas low‐bandwidth slice‐selective localization greatly reduced the observed water signal. Gradient cycling helped remove water sidebands, and frequency aligning and pruning individual channels narrowed spectral linewidths. High‐quality brain spectra of NAD+ and tryptophan are shown in 4 subjects at 3 T.ConclusionImproved spectral quality with higher downfield signal, shorter TE, lower nuisance signal, reduced artifacts, and narrower peaks was realized at 7 T. These methodological improvements allowed for previously unachievable detection of NAD+ and tryptophan in human brain at 3 T in under 5 min.
Partial information sharing in supply chains with ARMA demand
Authors: Kovtun Vladimir , Giloni Avi , Hurvich Clifford , Shamir Noam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper we suggest a novel mechanism for information sharing that allows a retailer to control the amount of shared information, and thus to limit information leakage, while still assisting the supplier to make better‐informed decisions and improve the overall efficiency of the supply chain. The control of the amount of leaked information facilitates information sharing because, absent such control, a retailer may refrain from sharing information due to the concern of information leakage. Specifically, we analyze a supply chain in which a retailer observes Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) demand for a single product where all players use the myopic order‐up‐to policy for determining their orders. We introduce a new class of information sharing arrangements, coined partial‐information shock (PaIS) sharing. This new class of information sharing agreements extends the previously studied mechanisms of demand sharing and full‐information shock sharing. We demonstrate that the retailer can construct a PaIS sharing arrangement that allows for an intermediate level of information sharing while simultaneously controlling the amount of leakage. We characterize when one PaIS arrangement will be more valuable to the supplier than another. We conclude with a numerical study that highlights that there does not necessarily need to be a tradeoff between the supplier having a better forecast and the retailer experiencing a higher level of leakage.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano‐Crystallite Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) from Marine Mollusk Waste: Babylonia japonica, Oliva sayana, and Conasprella bermudensis
Authors: Kawsar Md. , Sahadat Hossain Md. , Akter Sumaiya , Farhad Ali Md. , Bahadur Newaz Mohammed , Ahmed Samina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study aims to synthesize nano‐crystallite TSP using renewable, low‐cost, waste marine mollusk from three different species such as Babylonia japonica, Oliva sayana, and Conasprella bermudensis. The molar ratio of phosphate to calcium in triple superphosphate [TSP, Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O] significantly impacts its properties and fertilizer performance, in this case, we kept the ratio to 2. Raw TSP has a high phosphate content and lower calcium content. The synthesized TSP was analyzed using various techniques including TGA, XRD, EDX, FT‐IR, and SEM. The study utilized multiple XRD model equations to analyze crystallite size (
), with all models except the Liner straight‐line method providing higher estimates for synthesized TSP. Furthermore, the values for stress (2×107 to 4×107 N/m2), strain (4×10−4 to 9×10−4), as well as energy density (4.54×103 to 16.27×103 J/m3) were also calculated for the synthesized product. However, the preferential growth calculation indicates that (010), (021), and (020) planes are the most thermodynamically stable planes for the growth of the synthesized TSP. Apart from that, FTIR result confirms that CaO, −OH, as well as PO43− functional groups are present in the synthesized products. This research suggests that marine mollusks can be utilized as a calcium precursor for P‐fertilizer and 60 % phosphoric acid, thereby reducing production costs by eliminating additional dehydrating. Additionally, waste marine mollusk shells could be utilized as an alternative to the production of phosphate‐based fertilizer.
Optically clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive with flexible crosslinking agent for high recovery efficiency, low energy storage modulus, and excellent folding resistance
Authors: Min Jinbiao , Qu Jinqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOptically clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive (OCA) possesses exceptional optical properties and exhibits pressure‐sensitive adhesion, making it widely utilized in the adhesive layers of various electronic display devices. However, the increasing popularity of foldable mobile phones in recent years has imposed new requirements on the overall performance of OCA. Conventional pressure‐sensitive adhesives can enhance recoverability through cross‐linking but often demonstrate inadequate adhesive strength. In this study, three long‐chain crosslinking agents (CL) were synthesized using hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polyether amine (PEA), and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (R45V). The long‐chain CL agent contains numerous flexible segments that improve the recovery capability of the OCA while maintaining a certain level of adhesion. The optical clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive, crosslinked by three flexible crosslinkers, exhibits a low glass transition temperature (−60 to −40°C) and a low storage modulus (<0.1 MPa), along with an appropriate 180° stripping force (6–8 N/25 mm). Optically transparent pressure‐sensitive adhesives demonstrate excellent recovery properties (>85%), high light transmittance (>92%), and exceptional flexibility. Moreover, compared to market products, the optically transparent pressure‐sensitive adhesive shows superior folding resistance (>100,000 times). This indicates its suitability for applications in flexible optical displays such as foldable mobile phones and wearable electronics.
Evaluation of phytotoxic potential in Asteraceae plant extracts for biological control of Echinochloa crus‐galli and Echinochloa colona
Authors: Trang Nguyen Thi Thuy , Cuong Nguyen The , Van Vang Le , Le Thi Ho 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the phytotoxic potential of methanolic extracts from six Asteraceae species: Wedelia chinensis, Helianthus annuus, Cosmos bipinnatus, Tagetes erecta, Tithonia diversifolia, and Zinnia elegans. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 g/mL to assess their inhibitory effects on the radicle and hypocotyl lengths of Echinochloa crus‐galli and Echinochloa colona. The two most potent species, C. bipinnatus and T. diversifolia, were further evaluated using extracts from their roots, stems, and leaves. Among these, C. bipinnatus leaf extracts showed the most significant phytotoxicity and were tested at 20, 40, and 60 days of plant age. At 0.03 g/mL, C. bipinnatus extract inhibited the hypocotyl and radicle lengths of E. colona by 23.01% and 56.45%, and E. crus‐galli by 8.5% and 36.35%, respectively. At 1.0 g/mL, the extract inhibited the hypocotyl lengths of E. colona and E. crus‐galli by 97.54% and 88.15%, and the radicle lengths by 93.52% and 99.99%, respectively. The 60‐day‐old C. bipinnatus leaf extract exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, correlating with the identification of key allelochemicals such as cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, 2‐4 dimethohydroxy benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. These findings suggest that the 60‐day‐old C. bipinnatus leaf extracts have strong potential for use in the biological control of these weed species, offering a promising avenue for the development of natural herbicides.
Study on the UV aging resistance of ZnO‐modified epoxy resin by experiments and MD simulation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chu Xiaocheng , Ding Qingjun , Zhao Gai , Li Huafeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on epoxy resin systems and the ultraviolet (UV) aging resistance of modified epoxy resin composites using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental methods. Initially, various epoxy resin cross‐linking models are established through MD simulations to understand the influence of different nano ZnO contents on resin modification, further validated by experiments. Subsequently, the UV radiation resistance of nano ZnO–epoxy resin composites is assessed by subjecting them to high‐intensity UV radiation equivalent to 3 years of natural environmental conditions, analyzing changes in tensile properties, impact performance, hardness, and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin before and after UV radiation exposure. The findings suggest that the addition of nano zinc oxide reduces the impact of UV radiation on epoxy resin, with optimal UV radiation resistance observed at a nano zinc oxide mass fraction of 0.3 wt%.
New porous adsorbents based on natural polymers for treatment of motor oil contaminated wastewaters
Authors: Spiridon Iuliana , Apostol Irina , Dinu Maria Valentina , Anghel Narcis , Doroftei Florica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop efficient adsorptive materials for retaining used 5w40 motor oil using xanthan (XG), xanthan esterified with acrylic acid (XGAC), Lignoboost lignin (LB), and LB esterified with oleic and stearic acids. The adsorption capacities of these materials were systematically evaluated, revealing a hierarchical efficacy with XG exhibiting the highest performance (60.16 g/g), followed by XGAC/LB (59.92 g/g) and XGAC (55.79 g/g). These capacities were correlated with the materials' surface area and morphology. Additionally, accelerated weathering studies assessed the degradation process of the adsorptive materials over time, revealing that all of them undergo significant structural changes, which suggests potential pathways for environmentally friendly disposal. Kinetic studies indicated that the experimental data fit well with the pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model. The high correlation coefficient values for the PSO model (0.9318–0.9998) confirmed its suitability for describing the kinetics of oil sorption. FTIR spectra of the used motor oil‐loaded materials confirmed the physical nature of the adsorption process, involving interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and π–π interactions. SEM analysis demonstrated that materials with larger pore sizes showed less efficient oil adsorption despite having high porosity, highlighting the importance of optimal pore size distribution for effective adsorption.
Fast In Situ Metal Deposition and Removal Under UV and Visible Light Using Polydopamine/TiO2 Composite Surface
Authors: Niu Yanfang , He Zhenzhu , Li Sen , Zeng Yi , Zhang Junning , Liu Keliang , Du Xin , Gu Zhongze 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (MNPs) stand out owing to conspicuous catalytic activity, optical and electromagnetic properties, with applications ranging from photocatalysis to biosensor and photoelectric devices. Although photocatalysis with TiO2 has emerged as a promising technique for preparing MNPs, the low photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 limits its practical utilization. Herein, a rapid photoreduction approach is presented to prepare MNPs under UV and visible light based on polydopamine (PDA)/TiO2 composite surface. It found that the PDA‐modified TiO2 substrate can greatly enhance the photocatalytic efficiency and stability of MNPs, leading to rapid and highly‐controllable preparation of MNPs. By this method, various Ag, Au, and Pd patterns with controllable metallization degree can be easily fabricated. In addition, the substrate can be effectively recycled through rapid photobleaching. This method will have a promising future in the preparation of MNPs for various applications.
Evaluation of online teaching modules for PSMA PET interpretation
Authors: Oldan Jorge D. , Rowe Steven P. , Schroeder Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe proliferation of US FDA‐approved prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents as a means to evaluate prostate cancer patients, and the expanding knowledge of interpretive pitfalls, has led to the generation of multiple online training modules geared toward the reading of each individual agent, each taking different approaches to criteria for interpretation, which may contribute to the variability of reporting in clinical practice.Materials and MethodsThe websites of the marketers of each FDA‐approved agent [68Ga‐PSMA‐11 (Illuccix; Telix Pharmaceuticals), 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 (Locametz; Novartis Pharmaceuticals), 18F‐rh‐PSMA‐7.3 (Posluma; Blue Earth Diagnostics)], and the website of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging [18F‐DCFPyL (Pylarify)] were examined. All information pertaining to reader training, including videos, PDFs, and PowerPoint presentations, were reviewed.ResultsVideos from each module covered interpretive approach and pitfalls and ranged in length from a total of 20 min up to 315 min. Each module provided a different approach to PSMA PET scan findings, and on a different number and breadth of interpretive tips and pitfalls (a total of approximately 12–30 in all).ConclusionsEach of the four PSMA PET reader training modules covered important interpretive pitfalls. The lengths of the video portions of each module varied considerably, suggesting variable investments in time necessary to complete each module. The differences in the modules could contribute to inconsistency among readers depending on which module(s) they may have completed and which radiotracer(s) they are using.
Time‐series‐based ensemble model output statistics for temperature forecasts postprocessing
Authors: Jobst David , Möller Annette , Groß Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe uncertainty in numerical weather prediction models is nowadays quantified by the use of ensemble forecasts. Although these forecasts are continuously improved, they still suffer from systematic bias and dispersion errors. Statistical postprocessing methods, such as the ensemble model output statistics (EMOS), have been shown to substantially correct the forecasts. This work proposes an extension of EMOS in a time‐series framework. Besides taking account of seasonality and trend in the location and scale parameter of the predictive distribution, the autoregressive process in the mean forecast errors or the standardized forecast errors is considered. The models can be further extended by allowing generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Furthermore, it is outlined how to use these models for arbitrary forecast horizons. To illustrate the performance of the suggested EMOS models in time‐series fashion, we present a case study for the postprocessing of 2 m surface temperature forecasts using five different lead times and a set of observation stations in Germany. The results indicate that the time‐series EMOS extensions are able to significantly outperform the benchmark models EMOS and autoregressive EMOS (AR‐EMOS) in most of the lead time–station cases.
Differentiated influences of anomalous subtropical high on extreme persistent precipitation and heatwave events in the Yangtze River Valley
Authors: Peng Yu , Wang Qian , Zhai Panmao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the summers of 2020 and 2022, the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) intensified extremely and extended westward. However, in summer 2020, the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) witnessed record‐breaking floods, while in 2022, an unprecedented and prolonged heatwave occurred. Distinctly, these two extreme events were caused by different effects of the WPSH: one is enhancement of the transportation of water vapor and the other is adiabatic heating caused by the descending airflow. In June–July 2020, the stable extension of the WPSH ridge line to South China directed a southwesterly airflow along its northwest flank, leading to sustained precipitation in the YRV. Additionally, the midlatitude circulation pattern featured two troughs and two ridges. Such a circulation configuration, combined with the strong and westward WPSH, enabled the continuous southward intrusion of cold air and northward transport of warm moist air, converging over the YRV, and thus influenced extreme persistent precipitation. In contrast, the WPSH covered the YRV almost entirely during summer 2022. Under this influence, the clear‐sky condition and descending airflow through adiabatic warming directly resulted in the heatwave. In addition, local land–atmosphere feedback was crucial in its development and persistence. The soil moisture deficit induced by high temperatures increased the sensible heat flux between the soil and atmosphere upward, further enhanced the surface air temperature and strengthened the heat dry condition.
Dynamic predictive maintenance strategy for multi‐component system based on LSTM and hierarchical clustering
Authors: Yaqiong Lv , Pan Zheng , Yifan Li , Xian Wang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing interest in employing predictive methods to forecast the remaining useful life of industrial equipment. However, the challenge lies in how to take advantage of the dynamic predictive information to facilitate the maintenance of decision‐making. This problem becomes particularly challenging for complex industrial systems consisting of multiple components with economic dependencies. This paper aims at providing an effective maintenance strategy for multi‐component systems based on predictive information, while considering economic dependencies among different system components. To this end, a dynamic predictive maintenance (PdM) strategy that minimizes the mean maintenance cost over a decision period is proposed, where both long‐term and short‐term policies are integrated into the decision‐making framework. Specifically, the long‐term policy is formulated using predictions derived from historical degradation data through a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) model. Concurrently, real‐time monitoring data is employed to forecast imminent degradation in components, serving as a basis for determining the necessity of short‐term adjustments. This paper embeds the consideration of economic dependencies among components within the maintenance strategy design and employs hierarchical clustering to establish an effective and efficient maintenance grouping policy. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed strategy significantly outperforms conventional approaches, including block‐based and age‐based maintenance, resulting in substantial cost savings. The proposed strategy is also compared with a similar version without grouping, and the results verify the added value of the optimal maintenance grouping policy in cost reduction. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the proposed method is provided, including the impact of different inspection costs and inspection intervals on maintenance decision‐making, which can provide insightful guidance to various PdM scenarios in practice.
Advanced Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Moiré Heterostructures and Moiré Excitons
Authors: de la Torre Alberto , Kennes Dante M. , Malic Ermin , Kar Swastik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this short review, an overview of recent progress in deploying advanced characterization techniques is provided to understand the effects of spatial variation and inhomogeneities in moiré heterostructures over multiple length scales. Particular emphasis is placed on correlating the impact of twist angle misalignment, nano‐scale disorder, and atomic relaxation on the moiré potential and its collective excitations, particularly moiré excitons. Finally, future technological applications leveraging moiré excitons are discussed.
Harsh Environment‐Tolerant, High Performance Soft Pressure Sensors Enabled by Fiber‐Segment Structure and Plasma Treatment
Authors: Gao Junxue , Zhao Binzhe , Chen Xi , Gu Mengxi , Zhang Wenli , Wang Lei , Wei Lei , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the demand for specialized and diversified pressure sensors continues to increase, excellent performance and multi‐applicability have become necessary for pressure sensors. Currently, flexible pressure sensors are primarily utilized in fields such as health monitoring and human‐computer interaction. However, numerous complex extreme environments in reality, including deep sea, corrosive conditions, extreme cold, and high temperatures, urgently require the services of flexible devices. Here, a piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor based on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene/functionalized carbon nanotubes (EPTFE/FCNT) is proposed. Benefiting from the unique fiber‐segment architecture, chemical stability, and strong chemical binding force between EPTFE and FCNT, the fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable sensing capabilities and can be employed in multifarious extreme environments. It demonstrates a sensitivity of 862.28 kPa−1, a response time of 6–7 ms, and a detection limit below 1 Pa. Furthermore, it possesses a pressure resolution of 0.0018% under 111 kPa and can withstand over 10,000 loading and unloading cycles under 1 MPa. Additionally, the EPTFE/FCNT sensor retains its outstanding pressure response and work efficiency in extreme conditions such as an ultra‐low temperature of −80 °C, high temperature (200 °C), acidic and alkaline corrosion, and underwater. These notable attributes enormously broaden the sensors’ real‐world application range.