bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Evaporation and Recharge for a Floodplain in a Sub‐humid Monsoon Climate in Ethiopia
Authors: Enku Temesgen , Melesse Assefa M. , Ayana Essayas K. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Abate Mengiste , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGroundwater levels are declining at unsustainable levels in many areas of the world. To secure this resource for future generation, well‐documented groundwater level observations are needed to derive recharge rates and sustainable withdrawal amounts. Although groundwater is routinely monitored in most of the world, relatively little information is available in sub‐Saharan Africa including the Ethiopian highlands where groundwater irrigation could greatly increase food security. To obtain sustainable withdrawal rates for the wet Ethiopian highlands, we selected the Fogera plain in the Lake Tana basin with a sub‐humid climate. Weekly groundwater levels were measured in 32 abandoned shallow wells over a 2‐year period in 2014 and 2015. Our observations showed that in the 2 years, the groundwater level reached the surface during the rainy monsoon phase around first week of August. At the end of the dry monsoon phase in May, the average groundwater table was at 4 m depth. The amount of water removed by evaporation during the dry phase was 850 mm year−1. This is replenished through recharge during the wet phase. Rain in excess of the recharge and evaporation is stored on the surface or converted to overland flow. The groundwater flowed slowly towards the lake, but water passing the lakeshore was not a significant term in the water balance of the plain. Irrigation from groundwater seems to be sustainable especially when rivers flood periodically. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible Light‐Induced Living Radical Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate: Photocatalyst‐Free, Ultrafast, and Oxygen Tolerance
Authors: Li Jiajia , Ding Chunlai , Zhang Zhengbiao , Pan Xiangqiang , Li Na , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: October 2016

Butyl acrylate is polymerized in the living way under the irradiation of purple light‐emitting diode (LED) or sunlight without photocatalyst at ambient temperature. 2‐((Phenoxycarbonothioyl)thio) ethyl propanoate) is exclusively added and acted as an initiator and a chain transfer agent simultaneously in the current system. Poly(butyl acrylate) with well‐regulated molecular weight and relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Ð < 1.30) is synthesized. High conversion (>95%) can be achieved within several minutes. Polymerization shows oxygen tolerance. Near quantitative end‐group fidelity of polymer is demonstrated by 1H NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectra.
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Poly(alkyl acrylates) as Pour Point Improvers for Biofuels
Authors: Muniz‐Wypych Aline S. , de Oliveira Douglas C. , Ramos Luiz P. , Oliveira Angelo R. S. , César‐Oliveira Maria Aparecida F. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryLow molar mass homopolymers, synthesized through free radical polymerization of acrylic acid under solvent control were reported. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, TGA, and GPC. The behavior as pour point improvers in biodiesel and blends biodiesel/diesel, were evaluated. By using 1000 ppm of the poly(tetradecyl acrylate) (A14) it was possible to decrease the pour point (PP) of neat biodiesel to −10°C, blend B5 to −39°C and blend B20 to −28°C, values below those reported in the literature. These results indicated that it would be possible to use higher amount of biodiesel in blends with diesel in regions where their use would not be feasible, mainly because of their poor flow properties.
Self‐Metathesis of 10‐Undecen‐1‐Ol with Ru‐Amine‐Based Complex for Preparing the Soft Segment and Chain Extender of Novel Castor Oil‐Based Polyurethanes
Authors: Fonseca Larissa R. , Bergman James A. , Kessler Michael R. , Madbouly Samy A. , Lima‐Neto Benedito S. 
Published: October 2016

SummarySelf‐metathesis of the terminal olefin in 10‐undecen‐1‐ol was conducted in the presence of [RuCl2(PPh3)2(perhydroazepine)] complex and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) to form a bioderived diol. The diol was utilized as soft segment and chain extender in polyurethane reactions with castor oil. Polymers with high Mw and Mn values and PDI's of 2 and 3 were obtained. The viscoelastic material parameters (G′, G″ and η*) were studied as a function of angular frequency at different temperatures and diol/castor oil compostions. Newtonian behavior was observed for these materials. Tg values were more negative when increasing the diol percentage because the material became more viscoelastic. At only 10 wt% of the diol, an adhesive characteristic was observed in the castor oil‐based polyurethane. Modifying the castol oil‐based polyurethane with 10 wt% of the diol was able to modify the rigid polyurethane, providing an adhesive characteristic to castor oil‐based polyurethane.
Preparation of Poly(lactic acid) Flat Sheet Membranes by Liquid Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Domingues Rui Carlos Castro , Pereira Cristina Cardoso , Borges Cristiano Piacsek 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBiodegradable and biocompatible polymers have been evaluated as materials for membrane separation based processes due to their flexibility and highly aggregated value in biomedical, food and packaging applications. Polylactides is a promising class of biodegradable polymers mostly due to its mechanical properties and ease in processing. In this work, flat sheet Poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes were made by liquid induced phase separation (LIPS) technique using water as non‐solvent and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. Processing conditions as polymer concentration of the casting solution, time of exposure in humid atmosphere and composition of coagulation bath were evaluated. The effects of these variables were analyzed in the performance, morphology and mechanism of phase separation during membrane formation. The PLLA‐water‐NMP system miscibility gap was estimated by cloud points and viscosity of polymer solutions were measured. Membranes were characterized by precipitation kinetics by light transmission, hydraulic permeability and scanning electron microscopy. Porous microfiltration membranes could be formed with permeabilities of 62.87 L m−2 h−1. It could be concluded that the morphology of PLLA membranes is a result of a complex interplay between solid‐liquid and liquid‐liquid demixing during phase separation.
Influence of Medium Composition on Acrylic Acid Solution Polymerization and Process Scale‐Up
Authors: Moreira Daniel , Pinto Martina , Klein Rodrigo , Souza Nathalie , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe main objective of the present study was the production of poly(acrylic acid) through solution polymerizations in a process scale compatible with the commercial manufacture of dental cements. In order to do that, the work was divided into three fundamental steps. In the first step, the effect of system composition on final dental cement performance was analyzed with small reactors (50 mL). Then, the effect of the operation mode (batch or semibatch) on process performance and dental cement properties was also evaluated. Finally, process performance and dental cement properties were evaluated at a larger scale (12 L). It is shown that dental cements with adequate properties can be produced in both batch and semibatch modes with small reactors. However, at larger scales appropriate dental cements and safe process operation can only be obtained with the semibatch operation mode, requiring significant modification of recipes developed with small scale bench reactors.
Comparative Analysis of Sunscreen Nanoencapsulation Processes
Authors: Paiva Thamiris , Melo Príamo , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: October 2016

SummaryExcessive exposure to solar radiation can lead to serious damages to the body, making the use of sunscreens essential. Sunscreen nanoencapsulation can improve the efficiency of photoprotective formulations because active compounds can be kept in the outer layers of the skin. For this reason, the main objective of the present work is the comparative evaluation of different sunscreen (avobenzone and benzophenone‐3) nanoencapsulation processes (liposomes and miniemulsions) in terms of emulsion stability and process performance. It is shown that miniemulsion polymerizations can lead to products with higher stability and allow for higher sunscreen encapsulation efficiencies, close to 100 wt%.
Production and Functionalization of P(MMA‐co‐AA) Nanoparticles by Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Campos Izabella M. F. , Ferraz Helen Conceição , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn the present work, the production of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid), P(MMA‐co‐AA), nanoparticles and the subsequent functionalization through immobilization of BSA (bovine serum albuminum) and lysine were investigated. Nanoparticles produced presented average size of 100 nm, zeta potential of −40 mV and AA content ranging from 1 to 10 mol%. Particularly, it was shown that inespecific physical interactions control the adsorption of BSA onto the particle surfaces. On the other hand, lysine was covalently bonded to the nanoparticles, producing particles with more negative zeta potentials and leading to larger rates of immobilization. These results can be related to the smaller size of the aminoacid molecule and to the much higher availability of amino groups during the aminoacid immobilization, indicating that the size of the biomolecular signals must be taken into consideration during functionalization of nanoparticles for use in targeted delivery applications.
Preoperative systemic levels of VEGFA, IL‐7, IL‐17A, and TNF‐β delineate two distinct groups of children with brain tumors
Authors: Sandén Emma , Enríquez Pérez Julio , Visse Edward , Kool Marcel , Carén Helena , Siesjö Peter , Darabi Anna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrimary brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Increasing evidence demonstrates diverse intratumoral immune signatures, which are tentatively reflected in peripheral blood.ProcedureTwenty cytokines were analyzed in preoperative plasma samples from five healthy children and 45 children with brain tumors, using a multiplex platform (MesoScale Discovery V‐PLEX®). Tumor types included medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma, sarcoma, high‐grade glioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and other low‐grade gliomas.ResultsA panel of four cytokines [VEGFA, interleukin (IL)‐7, IL‐17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐β] delineated two distinct patient groups, identified as VEGFAhighIL‐7highIL‐17AlowTNF‐βlow (Group A) and VEGFAlowIL‐7lowIL‐17AhighTNF‐βhigh (Group B). Healthy controls and the vast majority of patients with MB were found within Group A, whereas patients with other tumor types were equally distributed between the two groups. Unrelated to A/B affiliation, we detected trends toward increased IL‐10 and decreased IL‐12/23 and TNF‐α in several tumor types. Finally, a small number of patients displayed evidence of enhanced systemic immune activation, including elevated levels of interferon‐γ, granulocyte monocyte colony‐stimulating factor, IL‐6, IL‐12/23, and TNF‐α. Following tumor resection, cytokine levels in a MB patient approached the levels of healthy controls.ConclusionsWe identify common features and individual differences in the systemic immune profiles of children with brain tumors. Overall, patients with MB displayed a uniform cytokine profile, whereas other tumor diagnoses did not predict systemic immunological status in single patients. Future characterization and monitoring of systemic immune responses in children with brain tumors will have important implications for the development and implementation of immunotherapy.
Membrane inlet laser spectroscopy to measure H and O stable isotope compositions of soil and sediment pore water with high sample throughput
Authors: Oerter Erik J. , Perelet Alexei , Pardyjak Eric , Bowen Gabriel 
Published: October 2016

RationaleThe fast and accurate measurement of H and O stable isotope compositions (δ2H and δ18O values) of soil and sediment pore water remains an impediment to scaling‐up the application of these isotopes in soil and vadose hydrology. Here we describe a method and its calibration to measuring soil and sediment pore water δ2H and δ18O values using a water vapor‐permeable probe coupled to an isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy analyzer.MethodsWe compare the water vapor probe method with a vapor direct equilibration method, and vacuum extraction with liquid water analysis. At a series of four study sites in a managed desert agroecosystem in the eastern Great Basin of North America, we use the water vapor probe to measure soil depth profiles of δ2H and δ18O values.ResultsWe demonstrate the accuracy of the method to be equivalent to direct headspace equilibration and vacuum extraction techniques, with increased ease of use in its application, and with analysis throughput rates greater than 7 h−1. The soil depth H and O stable isotope profiles show that soil properties such as contrasting soil texture and pedogenic soil horizons control the shape of the isotope profiles, which are reflective of local evaporation conditions within the soils.ConclusionsWe conclude that this water vapor probe method has potential to yield large numbers of H and O stable isotope analyses of soil and sediment waters within shorter timeframes and with increased ease than with currently existing methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable carbon isotope analyses of nanogram quantities of particulate organic carbon (pollen) with laser ablation nano combustion gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: van Roij Linda , Sluijs Appy , Laks Jelmer J. , Reichart Gert‐Jan 
Published: October 2016

RationaleAnalyses of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C values) of organic and inorganic matter remains have been instrumental for much of our understanding of present and past environmental and biological processes. Until recently, the analytical window of such analyses has been limited to samples containing at least several μg of carbon.MethodsHere we present a setup combining laser ablation, nano combustion gas chromatography and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA/nC/GC/IRMS). A deep UV (193 nm) laser is used for optimal fragmentation of organic matter with minimum fractionation effects and an exceptionally small ablation chamber and combustion oven are used to reduce the minimum sample mass requirement compared with previous studies.ResultsAnalyses of the international IAEA CH‐7 polyethylene standard show optimal accuracy, and precision better than 0.5‰, when measuring at least 42 ng C. Application to untreated modern Eucalyptus globulus (C3 plant) and Zea mays (C4 plant) pollen grains shows a ~ 16‰ offset between these species. Within each single Z. mays pollen grain, replicate analyses show almost identical δ13C values.ConclusionsIsotopic offsets between individual pollen grains exceed analytical uncertainties, therefore probably reflecting interspecimen variability of ~0.5–0.9‰. These promising results set the stage for investigating both δ13C values and natural carbon isotopic variability between single specimens of a single population of all kinds of organic particles yielding tens of nanograms of carbon. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Kinematic and experimental investigation of manual resection tools for transurethral bladder tumor resection
Authors: Sarli Nima , Marien Tracy , Mitchell Christopher R. , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Dietrich Mary S. , Herrell S. Duke , Simaan Nabil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTransurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors (TURBT) is a challenging procedure partly due to resectoscope limitations. To date, manual resection performance has not been fully characterized. This work characterizes manual resection performance in the bladder while analyzing the effect of resection location on accuracy.MethodsKinematic simulations are used to assess kinematic measures of resection dexterity. An experimental protocol for manual resection accuracy assessment is developed. Cross correlations between the theoretical performance measures and the observed experimental accuracy are investigated.ResultsTangential accuracy correlates relatively strongly with normal singular value and moderately with tangential kinematic conditioning index and tangential minimum singular value. Simulations also clarified difficulties in resecting close to the bladder neck.ConclusionsMeasures to evaluate accuracy and dexterity of TURBT from a kinematic viewpoint are presented to provide a currently missing quantified dexterity baseline in manual TURBT. Limitations in various bladder regions are illustrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes to Rehabilitation Programming for Male Cancer Survivors
Authors: Handberg Charlotte , Midtgaard Julie , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Thorne Sally , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to describe and interpret the attitudes and conduct of hospital healthcare professionals (HCPs) in association with male cancer survivors and their municipal rehabilitation participation.

Design:
Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted, consisting of participant observation and nine semistructured focus group interviews with 58 hospital HCPs.

Methods:
Using interpretive description methodology with symbolic interaction as a theoretical framework, data were collected through fieldwork in three oncology wards in Denmark.

Findings:
Attitudes about both gender and rehabilitation were identified as overarching obstructions within hospital HCP conduct toward promoting men’s participation in cancer rehabilitation.

Conclusions:
Gender and rehabilitation perceptions formed barriers in this context, suggesting that male cancer survivors’ rehabilitation outcomes may be compromised by HCP attitudes and conduct.

Clinical Relevance:
These findings provide insight into approaches to guide HCPs to take responsibility for rehabilitation and to take gender into account in their work.
Harnessing the Bethe free energy
Authors: Bapst Victor , Coja‐Oghlan Amin 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA wide class of problems in combinatorics, computer science and physics can be described along the following lines. There are a large number of variables ranging over a finite domain that interact through constraints that each bind a few variables and either encourage or discourage certain value combinations. Examples include the k‐SAT problem or the Ising model. Such models naturally induce a Gibbs measure on the set of assignments, which is characterised by its partition function. The present paper deals with the partition function of problems where the interactions between variables and constraints are induced by a sparse random (hyper)graph. According to physics predictions, a generic recipe called the “replica symmetric cavity method” yields the correct value of the partition function if the underlying model enjoys certain properties [Krzkala et al., PNAS (2007) 10318–10323]. Guided by this conjecture, we prove general sufficient conditions for the success of the cavity method. The proofs are based on a “regularity lemma” for probability measures on sets of the form for a finite Ω and a large n that may be of independent interest. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 694–741, 2016
Multidimensional zero‐correlation linear cryptanalysis of lightweight block cipher Piccolo‐128
Authors: Fu Li‐shi , Jin Chen‐hui , Li Xin‐ran 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPiccolo is a lightweight block cipher proposed at CHES 2011. This paper firstly gives the zero‐correlation linear approximations over 7‐round Piccolo and studies the security of Piccolo‐128 against multidimensional zero‐correlation linear cryptanalysis. Based on the statistic used in multidimensional linear cryptanalysis to detect the right key and wrong keys, this paper gives the data complexity when using this statistic in multidimensional zero‐correlation linear cryptanalysis. Finally, with partial sum technique and the relation between the round keys in Piccolo‐128, the first known‐plaintexts attacks on round 0–12/round, 15–28/round, and 14–28 of Piccolo‐128 are proposed; the data complexities of those attacks are 256.8/252.43/255.6 known plaintexts, respectively; and the time complexities are 2117.2,2123.09,2126.55, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer operating system logging and security issues: a survey
Authors: Zeng Lei , Xiao Yang , Chen Hui , Sun Bo , Han Wenlin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLogging has become a fundamental feature within the modern computer operating systems because of the fact that logging may be used through a variety of applications and fashion, such as system tuning, auditing, and intrusion detection systems. Syslog daemon is the logging implementation in Unix/Linux platforms, while Windows Event Log is the logging implementation in Microsoft Windows platforms. These logging implementations provide application program interfaces that, in turn, simplify logging functions from data collection to data storage. In this paper, we survey Unix, Linux, and Windows logging mechanisms and introduce their security issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzo[3]urils and their Recognition to Metal Cations and Anions
Authors: Wang Fang , Jing Xian‐Yi , Cong Hang , Tao Zhu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA new macrocyclic compound, benzo[3]uril 1, was synthesized in a facile manner, and displayed a unique fluorescence response upon recognition and binding of Cu2+, Fe3+, F−, and acetate.H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectra confirmed that binding occurs through hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups on the benzo[3]uril 1 and F− or acetate anions. The successful synthesis of benzo[3]uril 2 demonstrates that modification of this macrocycle is relative easy, and the absence of an interaction with anions further supports the importance of hydrogen binding between benzo[3]uril 1 to F− and acetate. Infra‐red (IR) spectroscopy suggest the carboxyl groups of benzo[3]uril coordinate metal cations Cu2+ and Fe3+.
Organocatalyzed [4+2] Annulation of All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted Alkenes with Allenoates: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2H‐ and 4H‐Pyran Derivatives.
Authors: Ngo Thi‐Thuy‐Duong , Kishi Kenta , Sako Makoto , Shigenobu Masashi , Bournaud Chloée , Toffano Martial , Guillot Régis , Baltaze Jean‐Pierre , Takizawa Shinobu , Sasai Hiroaki , Vo‐Thanh Giang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA stereoselective [4+2] annulation of acyclic all‐carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes with allenoates was described. The reaction with DABCO proceeded smoothly leading to the formation of highly functionalized 4H‐pyran derivatives in good yields. We have also reported first β‐ICD‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation affording functionalized enantioenriched 2H‐pyran derivatives bearing a chiral all‐carbon quaternary center.