bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The positive Indian Ocean Dipole–like response in the tropical Indian Ocean to global warming
Authors: Luo Yiyong , Lu Jian , Liu Fukai , Wan Xiuquan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Climate models project a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD)–like SST response in the tropical Indian Ocean to global warming. By employing the Community Earth System Model and applying an overriding technique to its ocean component (version 2 of the Parallel Ocean Program), this study investigates the similarities and differences of the formation mechanisms for the changes in the tropical Indian Ocean during the pIOD versus global warming. Results show that their formation processes and related seasonality are quite similar; in particular, wind–thermocline–SST feedback is the leading mechanism in producing the anomalous cooling over the eastern tropics in both cases. Some differences are also found, including the fact that the cooling effect of the vertical advection over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean is dominated by the anomalous vertical velocity during the pIOD but by the anomalous upper-ocean stratification under global warming. These findings are further examined through an analysis of the mixed layer heat budget.
Lungenkarzinom und rheumatoide Arthritis
Authors: Rubbert-Roth A. , Zander T. , Kneitz C. , Baerwald C. , Wirtz H. , Witt C. 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Lungenkrebs ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die v. a. im höheren Alter auftritt. Die Möglichkeiten der medikamentösen Behandlung dieser Tumoren haben sich in den letzten 10 Jahren deutlich erweitert. Für bestimmte molekulare Subgruppen kann heute eine gezielte Therapie das Überleben der Patienten relevant verbessern. Aktuell finden Immuntherapeutika wie PDL1 („programmed death ligand“)/PD1 („programmed cell death protein 1 receptor“)-Antikörper Eingang in die Klinik, die bei einer Subgruppe von Patienten zu einem deutlich verlängerten Überleben führen können. Aufgrund der hohen Inzidenz des Lungenkarzinoms einerseits und von rheumatischen Erkrankungen andererseits treten diese Erkrankungen immer wieder auch gemeinsam auf und erfordern ein interdisziplinäres Management. Die Erfolge der verbesserten Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms führen dazu, dass auch die Behandlung von begleitenden Erkrankungen wieder mehr in den Fokus rückt. Andererseits kann der Eingriff in das Immunsystem durch die Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren zu neuen Herausforderungen bei gleichzeitig bestehenden Autoimmunerkrankungen führen. Die Möglichkeit eines effektiven Lungenkarzinomscreenings in der Zukunft stellt ebenfalls eine Verbesserung der Mortalität in Aussicht. Daher ergibt sich auch bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis die Frage nach einer optimalen Überwachung unter immunsuppressiver Therapie. Ziel dieses Reviews ist es, die Interaktion der beiden Erkrankungen Lungenkarzinom und rheumatoide Arthritis im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Datenlage zu diskutieren.
Kinetics of Bis‐Allylic Hydroperoxide Synthesis in the Iron‐Containing Lipoxygenase 2 from Cyanothece and the Effects of Manganese Substitution
Authors: Newie Julia , Kasanmascheff Müge , Bennati Marina , Feussner Ivo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLipoxygenases (LOX) catalyze the regio‐ and stereospecific insertion of dioxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids. While the catalytic metal of LOX is typically a non‐heme iron, some fungal LOX contain manganese as catalytic metal (MnLOX). In general, LOX insert dioxygen at C9 or C13 of linoleic acid leading to the formation of conjugated hydroperoxides. MnLOX (EC 1.13.11.45), however, catalyze the oxygen insertion also at C11, resulting in bis‐allylic hydroperoxides. Interestingly, the iron‐containing CspLOX2 (EC 1.13.11.B6) from Cyanothece PCC8801 also produces bis‐allylic hydroperoxides. What role the catalytic metal plays and how this unusual reaction is catalyzed by either MnLOX or CspLOX2 is not understood. Our findings suggest that only iron is the catalytically active metal in CspLOX2. The enzyme loses its catalytic activity almost completely when iron is substituted with manganese, suggesting that the catalytic metal is not interchangeable. Using kinetic and spectroscopic approaches, we further found that first a mixture of bis‐allylic and conjugated hydroperoxy products is formed. This is followed by the isomerization of the bis‐allylic product to conjugated products at a slower rate. These results suggest that MnLOX and CspLOX2 share a very similar reaction mechanism and that LOX with a Fe or Mn cofactor have the potential to form bis‐allylic products. Therefore, steric factors are probably responsible for this unusual specificity. As CspLOX2 is the LOX with the highest proportion of the bis‐allylic product known so far, it will be an ideal candidate for further structural analysis to understand the molecular basis of the formation of bis‐allylic hydroperoxides.
Russian politics and the Soviet past: Reassessing Stalin and Stalinism under Vladimir Putin
Authors: Sherlock Thomas 
Published: February 2016

Evidence drawn from the intersection of historical memory and politics in Russia underline not only on-going framing battles over the Soviet past. The evidence suggests that the Kremlin is unwilling to develop and impose on society historical narratives which promote chauvinism, hypernationalism, and re-Stalinization. Although such an agenda has some support among incumbent elites and in society, it remains subordinate in terms of political influence as of early 2016. Instead, the regime is now extending support to groups in society and the political establishment which favor a critical assessment of the Soviet era, including Stalinism. This emerging criticism of the Soviet past serves a number of important goals of the leadership, including re-engagement with the West.
To this end, the Kremlin recently approved new history textbooks critical of the Soviet past as well as a significant program that memorializes the victims of Soviet repressions. Yet the regime is unlikely to usher in thorough de-Stalinization which would threaten its power. Instead, the Kremlin is attempting to assemble a grand narrative that approves, as well as criticizes – in different measures – each of the regimes that existed in the 20th century (tsarist, communist, and post-communist). This incipient narrative constitutes a form of bricolage, which involves the retrieval and reassembly of diverse, often conflicting, elements to solve a problem. Here the problem is the long-standing, divisive issue of how to evaluate the history of 20th century Russia and its different regimes. The Kremlin now seeks to knit together the diverse identities of these regimes through the unifying historical thread of the Russian state. This act of bricolage also seeks to reconcile the contradictions within each regime: elements of the new narrative can be expected to condemn the inhumanity of Stalin and Stalinism while other facets will extol industrialization and the Great Patriotic War as the achievements of Russian-led Soviet society. From this perspective, neither re-Stalinization nor de-Stalinization is likely to occur in Putin’s Russia. Nevertheless, if recent initiatives remain in place, critical assessments of Soviet foreign and domestic policies will become increasingly commonplace.
TheGlobal Turnin Legal Theory
Authors: Xifaras Mikhail 
Published: February 2016

Familiar legal theories are epistemologically and politically stato-centric theories; they aim to rationalize intra- and inter-national legal systems. If this Westphalian approach were to be abandoned, then its replacement might be called Global Law, which invites theorizing that is not stato-centric. When that change happens, one would talk about aGlobal Turnin legal theory. Describing this turn is the aim of the paper.This description is articulated around two ideas about the history and geography of the globalizing of Law, and three intuitions about the fate of legal theory itself once thisGlobal Turnis taken. Namely, how theorizing Law from this perspective leads to focus on what is emerging and circulating, how the aesthetics of legal thinking shifts towards perspectivism and dissociation, and how more pluralistic, eclectic and pragmatic modes of reasoning and arguing about Law become dominant. What follows is neither a substantial or positivistic analysis, nor a prediction or a wish, but an attempt to point out tendencies which might be essential features of contemporary legal thinking.
COMPUTING IMAGES OF GALOIS REPRESENTATIONS ATTACHED TO ELLIPTIC CURVES
Authors: SUTHERLAND ANDREW V. 
Published: February 2016

Let$E$be an elliptic curve without complex multiplication (CM) over a number field$K$, and let$G_{E}(\ell )$be the image of the Galois representation induced by the action of the absolute Galois group of $K$on the$\ell$-torsion subgroup of $E$. We present two probabilistic algorithms to simultaneously determine$G_{E}(\ell )$up to local conjugacy for all primes$\ell$by sampling images of Frobenius elements; one is of Las Vegas type and the other is a Monte Carlo algorithm. They determine$G_{E}(\ell )$up to one of at most two isomorphic conjugacy classes of subgroups of$\mathbf{GL}_{2}(\mathbf{Z}/\ell \mathbf{Z})$that have the same semisimplification, each of which occurs for an elliptic curve isogenous to$E$. Under the GRH, their running times are polynomial in the bit-size$n$of an integral Weierstrass equation for $E$, and for our Monte Carlo algorithm, quasilinear in$n$. We have applied our algorithms to the non-CM elliptic curves in Cremona’s tables and the Stein–Watkins database, some 140 million curves of conductor up to $10^{10}$, thereby obtaining a conjecturally complete list of 63 exceptional Galois images$G_{E}(\ell )$that arise for$E/\mathbf{Q}$without CM. Under this conjecture, we determine a complete list of 160 exceptional Galois images$G_{E}(\ell )$that arise for non-CM elliptic curves over quadratic fields with rational$j$-invariants. We also give examples of exceptional Galois images that arise for non-CM elliptic curves over quadratic fields only when the$j$-invariant is irrational.
Evaluation of a Novel Intervention to Reduce Unnecessary Urine Cultures in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maryland, 2011–2014
Authors: Epstein Lauren , Edwards Jonathan R. , Halpin Alison Laufer , Preas Michael Anne , Blythe David , Harris Anthony D. , Hunt David , Johnson J. Kristie , Filippell Mala , Gould Carolyn V. , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: February 2016

We assessed the impact of a reflex urine culture protocol, an intervention aimed to reduce unnecessary urine culturing, in intensive care units at a tertiary care hospital. Significant decreases in urine culturing rates and reported rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infection followed implementation of the protocol.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:606–609
Psychiatric shades of grey: mirtazapine-induced hair discoloration and hair loss
Authors: Osman M. , McCauley M. D. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionMirtazapine is indicated in the treatment of major depressive disorder particularly in selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors resistance. Its effect on hair loss is rare with no previous documented effect on hair colour.MethodReview of relevant literature and description of a case report of a 54-year-old male patient who developed alopecia and hair discoloration after initiation of mirtazapine treatment.ResultsUpon cessation of mirtazapine treatment full restoration of hair colour and regrowth of hair was attained within 10 weeks.DiscussionThere was clear temporal relationship between experiencing hair loss and commencing mirtazapine treatment. No other more likely medical reason to explain such experience was established. A noticeable restoration of the hair colour occurred following mirtazapine cessation.ConclusionMirtazapine is associated with hair discoloration and hair loss. The possibility of such distressing adverse effects needs to be conveyed to patients by clinicians and to be further explored by researchers.
Testing relationships between firm size and perceptions of growth and profitability: An investigation into the practices of Australian ICT SMEs
Authors: Perényi Áron , Yukhanaev Andrey 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGibrat’s Law mandates the independence of firm size and growth, while the resource-based view of the firm implies a positive relationship between firm size and profits, to be concluded in a profit–growth trade-off. Empirical studies of entrepreneurial success however, have demonstrated firms’ ability to reach a state of high growth and profitability, despite the trade-offs encapsulated within the profit–growth nexus. Upon assessing the relationships between past profitability, current firm growth and size in Australian ICT SMEs, results demonstrate positive relationships between all three indicators. This suggests that profitability can be considered the most important precursor of entrepreneurial success, and also that successful businesses do not suffer from the trade-offs implied by theory.
A generalisation of a theorem of O. Perron for semilinear evolution equations
Authors: PREDA CIPRIAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe generalise a well-known result of O. Perron from the 30s that connects the asymptotic behavior of a linear homogeneous differential equation with the response of the inhomogeneous associated equation to a certain class of inhomogeneities (for this reason, Perron's result is also referred to as “input-output method”, “test function method” or “admissibility”).Our extension is twofold, on the one hand, through the means of a (non)linear evolution family, we deal with the mild solution of a nonautonomous semilinear evolution equation and on the other hand, we collect a very general class of inhomogeneities, eligible for a Perron-type approach in this case.From a technical point of view, the Perron input-output scenario is achieved here by using the Green operator.
A community mental health team in Northern Ireland: new referrals as a result of civil disorder
Authors: Allen Judith , Cassidy Cahill , Monaghan Clare 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjective: Northern Ireland has suffered from civil unrest since 1969. During this time both the nature of violence and the nature of psychiatric services have changed. Considerable variation in incidence figures for psychological consequence of civil unrest exists in the international literature (1). The purpose of our study was to ascertain the workload for a new community mental health team which had accrued solely as a result of civil unrest and the possible implication for the local service. Method: The new patient referrals to a Community Mental Health Team November 1990-91 which were solely and directly consequent on civil disorder were identified. The litigant population was excluded from study. We checked how many still remained in treatment in November 1992 and used Fisher's Exact Test to identify factors associated with still being in treatment at two years. Results: We found that 8.2% of the new referrals satisfied the criteria and 30% remained in treatment at two years. Satisfying criteria for post traumatic stress disorder was not significantly associated with still being in treatment. Remaining in treatment at two years was associated with having received or not received stress management advice in those satisfying post traumatic stress disorder criteria. Conclusion: Civil unrest substantially increased the Community Mental Health Team workload in the first year of existence.
An outbreak of norovirus infection associated with fermented oyster consumption in South Korea, 2013
Authors: CHO H. G. , LEE S. G. , LEE M. Y. , HUR E. S. , LEE J. S. , PARK P. H. , PARK Y. B. , YOON M. H. , PAIK S. Y. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYAn acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreak was reported in May 2013 in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Eight students who had eaten breakfast on 21 May 2013 at a high-school restaurant exhibited AGE symptoms. Our case-control study showed that a strong association was observed between AGE symptoms and fermented oyster consumption. Virological studies also indicated that noroviruses (NoVs) were detected from both clinical samples and fermented oyster samples, and multiple different genotypes (genogroups GII.4, GII.11 and GII.14) of NoVs were present in both samples. The nucleotide sequence similarity between the strains found in the clinical samples and those in the fermented oysters was more than 99·5%. Therefore, to prevent further outbreaks, proper management of raw oysters is necessary and the food industry should be aware of the risk of viral gastroenteritis posed by fermented oysters contaminated with NoVs.
AVICENNA ON ANIMAL SELF-AWARENESS, COGNITION AND IDENTITY
Authors: Alwishah Ahmed 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive and systematic study of Avicenna's account of animal self-awareness and cognition. In the first part, I explain how, for Avicenna, in contrast to human self-awareness, animal self-awareness is taken to be indirect, mixed-up (makhlūṭ), and an intermittent awareness. In his view, animal self-awareness is provided by the faculty of estimation (wahm); hence, in the second part, I explore the cognitive role of the faculty of estimation in animals, and how that relates to self-awareness. The faculty of estimation, according to Avicenna, serves to distinguish one's body and its parts from external objects, and plays a role in connecting the self to its perceptual activities. It follows that animal self-awareness, unlike human self-awareness, is essentially connected to the body. In the third part of the paper, I show that, while Avicenna denies animals awareness of their self-awareness, he explicitly affirms that animals can grasp their individual identity, but, unlike humans, do so incidentally, as part of their perceptual awareness.
GUNDISSALINUS ON NECESSARY BEING: TEXTUAL AND DOCTRINAL ALTERATIONS IN THE EXPOSITION OF AVICENNA'S METAPHYSICA
Authors: Polloni Nicola 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article examines the textual alteration strategy carried out by Dominicus Gundissalinus in his original works. One of the most striking examples of this approach can be detected in the large quotation of Ibn Sīnā's Metaphysica I, 6–7 in Gundissalinus’ cosmological treatise De processione mundi, in which the Spanish philosopher variously modifies the text he translated a few years before. After a short presentation of Gundissalinus’ double role as translator and philosopher, the study moves on to the analysis of Ibn Sīnā's doctrine of necessary and possible being, and the five demonstrations of the unrelated uniqueness of necessary being offered by Ibn Sīnā. These arguments are directly quoted by Gundissalinus: nevertheless, the author modifies the text in many passages, here examined through the analysis of some representative excerpts. The results of this enquiry suggest that Gundissalinus is following an effective alteration strategy, envisaging at least two main purposes: the clarification of Ibn Sīnā's line of reasoning, and the doctrinal assimilation of Metaphysica's theories in his original philosophical system. In appendix to this article the whole text of the two versions of Metaphysica I, 6–7 is presented.
Dynamics of heart rate variability analysed through nonlinear and linear dynamics is already impaired in young type 1 diabetic subjects
Authors: Souza Naiara M. , Giacon Thais R. , Pacagnelli Francis L. , Barbosa Marianne P. C. R. , Valenti Vitor E. , Vanderlei Luiz C. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and studies using heart rate variability to investigate these individuals have shown inconclusive results regarding autonomic nervous system activation.AimsTo investigate the dynamics of heart rate in young subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus through nonlinear and linear methods of heart rate variability.MethodsWe evaluated 20 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy control subjects. We obtained the following nonlinear indices from the recurrence plot: recurrence rate (REC), determinism (DET), and Shanon entropy (ES), and we analysed indices in the frequency (LF and HF in ms2 and normalised units – nu – and LF/HF ratio) and time domains (SDNN and RMSSD), through analysis of 1000 R–R intervals, captured by a heart rate monitor.ResultsThere were reduced values (p<0.05) for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with healthy subjects in the following indices: DET, REC, ES, RMSSD, SDNN, LF (ms2), and HF (ms2). In relation to the recurrence plot, subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus demonstrated lower recurrence and greater variation in their plot, inter-group and intra-group, respectively.ConclusionYoung subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus have autonomic nervous system behaviour that tends to randomness compared with healthy young subjects. Moreover, this behaviour is related to reduced sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system.
Decreased Fronto-Limbic Activation and Disrupted Semantic-Cued List Learning in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Kassel Michelle T. , Rao Julia A. , Walker Sara J. , Briceño Emily M. , Gabriel Laura B. , Weldon Anne L. , Avery Erich T. , Haase Brennan D. , Peciña Marta , Considine Ciaran M. , Noll Douglas C. , Bieliauskas Linas A. , Starkman Monica N. , Zubieta Jon-Kar , Welsh Robert C. , Giordani Bruno , Weisenbach Sara L. , Langenecker Scott A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrate poorer learning and memory skills relative to never-depressed comparisons (NDC). Previous studies report decreased volume and disrupted function of frontal lobes and hippocampi in MDD during memory challenge. However, it has been difficult to dissociate contributions of short-term memory and executive functioning to memory difficulties from those that might be attributable to long-term memory deficits. Methods: Adult males (MDD, n=19; NDC, n=22) and females (MDD, n=23; NDC, n=19) performed the Semantic List Learning Task (SLLT) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The SLLT Encoding condition consists of 15 lists, each containing 14 words. After each list, a Distractor condition occurs, followed by cued Silent Rehearsal instructions. Post-scan recall and recognition were collected. Groups were compared using block (Encoding-Silent Rehearsal) and event-related (Words Recalled) models. Results: MDD displayed lower recall relative to NDC. NDC displayed greater activation in several temporal, frontal, and parietal regions, for both Encoding-Silent Rehearsal and the Words Recalled analyses. Groups also differed in activation patterns in regions of the Papez circuit in planned analyses. The majority of activation differences were not related to performance, presence of medications, presence of comorbid anxiety disorder, or decreased gray matter volume in MDD. Conclusions: Adults with MDD exhibit memory difficulties during a task designed to reduce the contribution of individual variability from short-term memory and executive functioning processes, parallel with decreased activation in memory and executive functioning circuits. Ecologically valid long-term memory tasks are imperative for uncovering neural correlates of memory performance deficits in adults with MDD. (JINS, 2016, 22, 412–425)