bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fontes telejornalísticas nos domínios de Clio: notas metodológicas
Authors: Palha Cássia Rita Louro 
Published: December 2017

O texto enfoca notas teórico-metodológicas voltadas para a análise de produtos telejornalísticos, contemplando as características de sua narrativa, seus recursos e códigos de linguagem, a arquitetura de seus gêneros e formatos, bem como as frentes e fontes de trabalho disponíveis ao historiador. Valendo-se das contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu e dos Estudos Culturais Ingleses é abordado o circuito de relações entre os universos da produção, do texto e da circulação/recepção das mensagens; bem como são discutidas as noções de “acontecimento monstruoso” e do “presente hipertrofiado” característicos da sociedade midiática. Neste contexto, destaca-se a centralidade do telejornalismo junto à socialização de uma história pública, em muito dependente daquilo que a grande mídia seleciona e socializa em seus “enquadramentos da memória social”, seja em relação ao passado, seja frente aos registros do tempo presente e imediato. Palavras-chave: Fontes Telejornalísticas. Sociedade Midiática. Metodologia.
¿Autónomos o autómatas?: el terrorismo de estado desde la voz de sus partícipes. Argentina y Uruguay (1994-1996)
Authors: Goldentul Analía 
Published: December 2017

Este artículo indaga la emergencia de relatos militares en Argentina y Uruguay durante el período 1994-1996; y lo hace desde dos dimensiones. La primera de ellas tiene que ver con las apreciaciones que hizo la oficialidad militar joven en torno a los niveles de obediencia y autonomía que condicionaron su participación en el terrorismo de Estado, mientras que la segunda explora las percepciones que forjaron sobre la legalidad e ilegalidad de las tareas que llevaron adelante. Se asume, a modo de conclusión, que a partir del estudio combinado de ambas dimensiones es posible entrever procesos particulares de subjetivación de los agentes de represión en Argentina y Uruguay. Palabras clave: Perpetradores. Terrorismo – Argentina. Terrorismo – Uruguay. Víctimas del Terrorismo do Estado. Oficialidad Joven.
Primeiros rascunhos: aproximações entre Michel de Certeau e a História do Tempo Presente
Authors: Oriani Angélica Pall 
Published: December 2017

Em um tom propositivo, este texto busca estabelecer aproximações entre as reflexões de Michel de Certeau a respeito da operação historiográfica e a história do tempo presente. A estrutura do texto evidencia o tom marcadamente elucubrador que o direciona: inicialmente, são abordadas as propostas de Michel de Certeau a respeito da operação historiográfica que se concretiza em um fazer e em uma escrita; na sequência, estão as reflexões que buscam nas questões a respeito da epistemologia da distância e do relato histórico os pontos nos quais há possibilidade de enfrentar os dilemas teórico-metodológicos da história do tempo presente. Por meio dessas discussões é possível explorar um dos questionamentos mais recorrentemente direcionados à abordagem histórica do tempo presente, que se refere à proximidade temporal dos pesquisadores em relação aos seus objetos. Para Certeau, há limites intransponíveis que separam as dimensões do real como prática passada que é conhecida pelo historiador e enquanto aquilo que remete a uma narrativização que busca conferir sentido a esse real. Conclui-se que as proposições de Certeau permitem pensar que no espaço configurado pela distância perene e constituinte da operação histórica, não há um objeto mais ou menos recente que interfira no fazer histórico, pois o historiador sempre escreve na verossimilhança do presente, o que faz com que a escrita histórica só seja contemporânea dela mesma. Palavras-chave: CERTEAU, Michel de, 1925-1986. Tempo Presente. Operação Historiográfica.
A experiência dos séculos XX e XXI nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação em história no Brasil (2003-2014)
Authors: Freitas Itamar 
Published: December 2017

Neste texto, tomamos, operatoriamente, a noção de presente como experiência circunscrita aos séculos XX e XXI e examinamos as prescrições disponíveis nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de formação inicial em história em 54 instituições brasileiras, distribuídas em todos os estados da federação. Com ele, descrevemos e comentamos o perfil idealizado das habilidades profissionais, a distribuição da carga horária entre os saberes a ensinar e os saberes teóricos e da prática educacional, o lugar e a natureza da experiência do presente nas ementas das disciplinas acadêmicas. A proximidade do lançamento da última versão da Base Nacional Curricular Comum e as reformas que esse documento e sua implicação nos cursos de licenciatura em história, ainda em 2017, são as principais motivações para a divulgação desta empreitada. Palavras-chave: Estudo Ensino (Superior) – Brasil. Professores de História – Formação. Historiadores – Formação.
Sosyal Bilgiler Derslerinde Tıp Tarihi Konularının Sözlü Tarihle Öğretimi / Teaching of Medicine History Topics by Using Oral History in Social Studies Courses
Authors: Dere İlker , Alkaya Sevim 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Oral history method was proposed for the first time to develop students’ ability in perception of change and endurance under Social Studies Teaching Program held in 2005. Although there are various subjects which may be taught using oral history method in the program, the method hasn’t preferred by social studies teachers. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of oral history method in teaching of topics of medicine history in the 2005 Social Studies Teaching Program. Action research model is utilized in present study which is one of the qualitative research methods used in social sciences. Working group consisted 22 students of 6<sup>th</sup> grade who were selected according to purposive sampling technique. Content analysis method is used for the data analysis in this reserach.</p><p>The results of the study show that the students have a positive attitude towards oral history method but they do not like transcribing the audio recordings. Also, the research uncovers that oral history is an effective method in terms of comparing the past and present, learning various disasters and treatment methods in detail and bringing in perception of change and continuity. Social studies teachers who use oral history method in their classroom might determine whether the voice recordings should be transcribed or not with their students. </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Sözlü tarih yöntemi, ilk defa<strong> </strong>2005 Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’nda öğrencilere değişim ve sürekliliği algılama becerisini kazandırmak için önerilmiştir. Programda sözlü tarih yönteminin kullanılabileceği birçok konu bulunmasına rağmen yöntem, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri tarafından yeterince tercih edilmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sözlü tarih yönteminin 2005 Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’ndaki tıp tarihi konularının öğretimi konusundaki potansiyelini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma deseni olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden eylem araştırması modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, amaçlı örneklem tekniğine göre seçilen 22 (6. sınıf) öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizine tabii tutulmuştur.</p><p>Araştırma sonunda ulaşılan sonuçlar, öğrencilerin sözlü tarih uygulamasına ilişkin olumlu düşüncelere sahip olduğunu ancak onların ses kayıtlarını deşifre etmekten hoşlanmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca araştırma, sözlü tarihin geçmişle günümüzü karşılaştırma, çeşitli hastalıkları ve tedavi yöntemlerini ayrıntılı şekilde öğrenme ve değişim ve sürekliliğin algılamasında etkili bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sözlü tarihi derslerinde kullanacak öğretmenlere, görüşme kayıtlarının transkript edilip edilmeyeceğine öğrencilerle birlikte karar verebilir. </p>
İslam ve Batı / Islam and the West
Authors: Demircigil Bayram 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The relationships between Islam and the West that has been become high on the agenda for the Islamic world and for our country throughout the last two centuries. It seems that this phenemonen will remain for a long time. Therefore, this topic is one of the major issues that needs to be analyzed extensively because it is mainly concerned with our country’s and Islamic world’s future. The author İbrahim Kalın addressed the historical account of the relationships between Islam and the West quite competently in his book titled “Islam and the West”. The major theme of this work is the way of thinking that there is still a common ground between the two civilisations which have a long history of conflicts, consequently the possibility of creating a peaceful atmosphere between both still exists.</p><p>We could argue that one of the objectives that the author aimed to accomplish through this book is to provide an intellectual basis for the relations between Islam and the West as well as making a contribution to promoting and developing a dialog and reconcilitation between Muslims and the West. However, it might be an accurate conclusion that the general situation presented or suggestions made by depending on a few good examples in this book rely to a large extent on wishful thinking when we take into consideration that the relations between the two civilisations are based predominantly on prejudice, hostility and aggression along the history. Indeed, the author himself admits this fact in some of the phrases of the book. </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İslam dünyasının, özellikle de ülkemizin birkaç asırdır gündemini meşgul eden ve bundan sonra da meşgul edecek gibi görünen İslam-Batı ilişkilerinin doğru ve objektif biçimde derinlemesine ele alınması gerekmektedir. Zira bu konu, İslam dünyasının ve ülkemizin geleceğini çok yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Bu bakımdan, İbrahim Kalın’ın söz konusu eseri büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu eserin ana temasını, uzun bir tarihi geçmişi olan ve büyük çapta anlaşmazlıklar ve çatışmalar silsilesinden oluşan İslam-Batı ilişkilerinde bazı uzlaşı noktalarının da bulunduğu ve ikisi arasında sağlıklı bir diyalog zemininin oluşturulmasının mümkün olduğu, dolayısıyla bu iki medeniyet arasındaki kavga halinin aslında kaçınılmaz bir durumu yansıtmadığı düşüncesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu temelden hareketle yazar, eserinde İslam ve Batı arasındaki ilişkiler için entelektüel bir zemin oluşturmayı ve iki medeniyet arasında diyalog ve barış ortamının geliştirilmesine katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.</p><p>İbrahim Kalın’ın birkaç örnekten yola çıkarak iki medeniyet arasında bir uzlaşı zemini oluşturulması yönündeki çabasının, aktüel durum dikkate alındığında, pek gerçekçi görünmediği ve bir temenniden ibaret kalacağı söylenebilir. Aslında yazar da satır aralarında bu gerçeği itiraf etmektedir. Bununla birlikte yazarın tarihsel süreç içinde İslam-Batı ilişkilerini güzel bir üslupla ele aldığı böyle bir çalışma, bir iyi niyet göstergesi olarak son derece değerlidir.</p>
Some aspects of physical and mechanical properties of hollow blocks procuced from hot water treated sawdust.
Authors: Ekhuemelo David , Terzungwue Tembe Emmanuel , Versue Awa Mike 
Published: December 2017

The study investigated sawdust as a partial replacement for sand in production of hollow blocks with a view to reducing cost and converting waste to resource use. Sawdust of Daniella oliveri was collected from Timber Shed along New Bridge Wurukum, Makurdi. It was boiled and spread to dry. Standard ratio of 1:8 (cement and sand) was used in the study. Replacement levels of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of sawdust were used for sand, while cement was kept constant throughout the mixture. Density, percentage water absorption (PWA), and compressive strength (CS) of the blocks were tested after 28 days of curing. PWA results showed that blocks produced from 0% sawdust replacement level had least mean of 10.06%, while 8% sawdust replacement had the highest mean of 11.40%. Mean density values showed that 8% sawdust replacement had the least value of 1090.40Kg/m3 and while the highest value (1346.60Kg) was observed for 0%. The mean CS for 0% sawdust replacement was highest (3.20N/mm2)and falls within the Nigeria Building Codes of 2.5N/mm2 - 3.45N/mm2 and Ghana Building Code of 2.75 N/mm2. Mean CS value of 2.0N/mm2 was obtained for 2% and 4% sawdust replacement levels respectively. The value meets the minimum standard of 2.0N/mm2 according to National Building Code for non-load bearing walls and 1.7 N/mm2 according to Ghana Building Code. However, 6% and 8% sawdust replacement levels showed the least CS of 1.00N/mm2 which is below standards. In conclusion, blocks produced with 2% and 4% sawdust replacement levels as obtained in this study are recommended for building and construction purposes.Keywords: Blocks, Building code, cement, sand, sawdust, standard
Assessment of groundwater quality of different micro-basins of Bangladesh 2 using hydrochemical analysis
Authors: Ali Md. Hossain 
Published: December 2017

On the basis of groundwater chemistry, an evaluation of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes was carried out for different regions of Bangladesh. Using the chemical compositions and different quality parameters, irrigation quality was assed using 6 different techniques: USDA method, FAO guidelines, Water-Types approach, Combined approach proposed by Al-Bassam et al. (2003), Ali (2010), and GOB (2007) guidelines. Drinking quality was judged by WHO (2011) provisional guidelines and GOB guidelines. Concentrations of major cations and anions of most groundwater samples were within allowable limit. Except one location (i.e. Barisal), the water for irrigation purpose are suitable to 19 marginally suitable considering salinity and sodicity. For drinking purpose, all except 2 locations (i.e. 20 Sunamgonj and Barisal, where iron is a concern) are found suitable. At these locations, other aquifer layer 21 with low Fe can be searched for safer Fe level. Alternatively, Fe removal system can be assembled for 22 collecting drinking water.Keywords: Groundwater, Hydrochemistry, Quality parameters, Integrated quality assessment, Bangladesh
FTIR characterization ans chemo-mechanical distinction of reted kenaf fibres
Authors: Omenna Emannuel , Ailenokhuoria Bukola Victoria 
Published: December 2017

Inadequate information on the binding characteristics of kenaf biomass at the molecular level has adversely affected the modifications of its cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin structure. This study was undertaken to assess the characteristic features and chemo-mechanical properties of kenaf fibres retted under three different media namely: tank, stream and ribbon. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra analysis as well as the ASTM standard for tensile tests were applied. The results showed that the broad bands occurred at the range of 3312- 3420 cm−1 for all the retted fibres were due to the presence of hydroxyl (–OH) group while the peaks were obtained at 1635.76, 1635.34, and 1730.69 cm−1 for stream, tank and ribbon retted fibres respectively. However, tank retted fibres had the most broad band intensity at 3419.78cm-1 while ribbon fibres had the highest absorption peak of 1730.69cm-1 corresponding to C=O stretching of the acetyl group in hemi-cellulose. Stream retted Kenaf fibres had the highest tensile strength followed by the tank retted fibres while ribbon fibres had the least. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between stream and tank retted Kenaf fibres in terms of tensile modulus and this was significantly higher than that of ribbon fibre. The α-cellulose content of stream retted fibres was slightly higher than that of ribbon fibres while tank retted fibres had the least. From the results, tank retted Kenaf fibre was ranked as ‘the best fibre’ with the most intensive broad bands and least in lignin and hemi-cellulose content which were regarded as the impurities, gummy and waxy materials, responsible for an easy deformation of the fibre cellular networks.
The Effects of Fault Roughness on the Earthquake Nucleation Process
Authors: Tal Yuval , Hager Bradford H. , Ampuero Jean Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe study numerically the effects of fault roughness on the nucleation process during earthquake sequences. The faults are governed by a rate and state friction law. The roughness introduces local barriers that complicate the nucleation process and result in asymmetric expansion of the rupture, nonmonotonic increase in the slip rates on the fault, and the generation of multiple slip pulses. These complexities are reflected as irregular fluctuations in the moment rate. There is a large difference between first slip events in the sequences and later events. In the first events, for roughness amplitude br ≤ 0.002, there is a large increase in the nucleation length with increasing br. For larger values of br, slip is mostly aseismic. For the later events there is a trade‐off between the effects of the finite fault length and the fault roughness. For br ≤ 0.002, the finite length is a more dominant factor and the nucleation length barely changes with br. For larger values of br, the roughness plays a larger role and the nucleation length increases significantly with br. Using an energy balance approach, where the roughness is accounted for in the fault stiffness, we derive an approximate solution for the nucleation length on rough faults. The solution agrees well with the main trends observed in the simulations for the later events and provides an estimate of the frictional and roughness properties under which faults experience a transition between seismic and aseismic slip.
A Self‐Consistent Fault Slip Model for the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Yamazaki Yoshiki , Cheung Kwok Fai , Lay Thorne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe unprecedented geophysical and hydrographic data sets from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami have facilitated numerous modeling and inversion analyses for a wide range of dislocation models. Significant uncertainties remain in the slip distribution as well as the possible contribution of tsunami excitation from submarine slumping or anelastic wedge deformation. We seek a self‐consistent model for the primary teleseismic and tsunami observations through an iterative approach that begins with downsampling of a finite fault model inverted from global seismic records. Direct adjustment of the fault displacement guided by high‐resolution forward modeling of near‐field tsunami waveform and runup measurements improves the features that are not satisfactorily accounted for by the seismic wave inversion. The results show acute sensitivity of the runup to impulsive tsunami waves generated by near‐trench slip. The adjusted finite fault model is able to reproduce the DART records across the Pacific Ocean in forward modeling of the far‐field tsunami as well as the global seismic records through a finer‐scale subfault moment‐ and rake‐constrained inversion, thereby validating its ability to account for the tsunami and teleseismic observations without requiring an exotic source. The upsampled final model gives reasonably good fits to onshore and offshore geodetic observations albeit early after‐slip effects and wedge faulting that cannot be reliably accounted for. The large predicted slip of over 20 m at shallow depth extending northward to ~39.7°N indicates extensive rerupture and reduced seismic hazard of the 1896 tsunami earthquake zone, as inferred to varying extents by several recent joint and tsunami‐only inversions.
Corrugation Architecture Enabled Ultraflexible Wafer‐Scale High‐Efficiency Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Authors: Bahabry Rabab R. , Kutbee Arwa T. , Khan Sherjeel M. , Sepulveda Adrian C. , Wicaksono Irmandy , Nour Maha , Wehbe Nimer , Almislem Amani S. , Ghoneim Mohamed T. , Torres Sevilla Galo A. , Syed Ahad , Shaikh Sohail F. , Hussain Muhammad M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdvanced classes of modern application require new generation of versatile solar cells showcasing extreme mechanical resilience, large‐scale, low cost, and excellent power conversion efficiency. Conventional crystalline silicon‐based solar cells offer one of the most highly efficient power sources, but a key challenge remains to attain mechanical resilience while preserving electrical performance. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor‐based integration strategy where corrugation architecture enables ultraflexible and low‐cost solar cell modules from bulk monocrystalline large‐scale (127 × 127 cm2) silicon solar wafers with a 17% power conversion efficiency. This periodic corrugated array benefits from an interchangeable solar cell segmentation scheme which preserves the active silicon thickness of 240 µm and achieves flexibility via interdigitated back contacts. These cells can reversibly withstand high mechanical stress and can be deformed to zigzag and bifacial modules. These corrugation silicon‐based solar cells offer ultraflexibility with high stability over 1000 bending cycles including convex and concave bending to broaden the application spectrum. Finally, the smallest bending radius of curvature lower than 140 µm of the back contacts is shown that carries the solar cells segments.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Nitriles from Primary Amides via Zinc/Anhydride Catalysis
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Fu Liyan , Qi Huimin , Chen Shu‐Wei , Li Yuehui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA broad scope of aromatic and aliphatic primary amides were converted to their corresponding nitriles in high yields by using polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZnBr2 and propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P). As an example of dehydration reaction promoted by anhydrides, ZnBr2 and T3P cooperatively activate the amide substrate and the silane to allow the desired dehydration to occur smoothly under mild conditions. Moreover, this method is suitable for the condensation reaction of carboxylic acids with amines to give the corresponding amide products, including a key intermediate of cinacalcet.
Surface‐Confined Dynamic Covalent System Driven by Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Park Eunsol , Jin Yinghua , Liu Jie , Yu Yanxia , Zhang Wei , Lei Shengbin , Hu Wenping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how the constitutional dynamics of a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) adapts to surfaces (compared to bulk solution) is of fundamental importance to the design of adaptive materials. Submolecular resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can provide detailed insights into olefin metathesis at the interface. Analysis of the distribution of products has revealed the important role of environmental pressure, reaction temperature, and substituent effects in surface‐confined olefin metathesis. We also report an unprecedented preferred deposition and assembly of linear polymers, and some specific oligomers, on the surface that are hard to obtain otherwise.