bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock glacier springs: cool habitats for species on the edge
Authors: Martini Jan , Brighenti Stefano , Vanek Magdalena , Schwingshackl Thea , Vallefuoco Francesca , Scotti Alberto , Lencioni Valeria , Bottarin Roberta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnder climate change, glacier recession and the loss of cold habitats are major threats to aquatic biodiversity. In mountain areas, streams originating from rock glaciers, called “icy seeps”, may represent climate refugia for cold-adapted organisms, given the major persistence of cold waters from these landforms even in unfavourable climates. During late summer 2021, we investigated discharge, turbidity, water chemistry (major ions and trace elements), stable water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H), and macroinvertebrate communities of five rock glacier springs (icy seeps), five glacier springs (glacier springs) and five non-glacial springs (spring brooks) in catchments of the Eastern Italian Alps. In icy seeps, meltwater contribution to runoff (estimated with end-member mixing models) was intermediate between those of the other two spring types. Icy seeps had very cold waters (< 1.5 °C) that were enriched in trace elements, like glacier springs, whereas discharge and turbidity were low, like in spring brooks. Community composition, diversity, and species associations of icy seeps were strongly related to a gradient of chemical harshness (built using trace element concentrations), with less contaminated springs hosting communities like those dwelling in spring brooks. Like glacier springs, those icy seeps with the harshest water chemistry (particularly because of Ni concentrations) and higher meltwater contribution hosted species (e.g., Diamesa steinboecki) that are currently in decline due to glacier loss. This suggests a high conservation value for icy seeps. The protection of these habitats, nowadays overlooked, will be fundamental under the progressive warming and dry-out risk of alpine springs.
Flow Field Characteristics at the Spanwise Edge of a Vegetative Canopy Model
Authors: Winiarska Ewelina , Liberzon Dan , van Hout René 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the complex flow field across a spanwise vegetative model canopy edge focusing on turbulent transport processes. Utilizing stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, the three velocity components were measured in wall-parallel planes at various elevations within canopy across the spanwise canopy edge. Conventional ensemble averaged results were contrasted with those obtained by conditionally averaged flow properties across instantaneous internal interfaces in the flow to understand their contribution to the ensemble average. The conditional average captured the strong gradients in mean velocities, Reynolds stresses, vorticity, swirling strength, and turbulent kinetic energy production across the dynamically changing instantaneous interface. In contrast, the conventional ensemble average smeared out the strong gradients. Small magnitudes of advective terms in the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation suggested weak secondary transverse flows in the present model canopy. The turbulent flow structure across the spanwise canopy edge was further investigated using Quadrant-Hole analysis for both averaging approaches. Conventional ensemble averaged results indicated a shift from sweep to ejection dominance when moving from canopy into the open patch, while the conditional average showed only sweep dominated transport. In contrast to a homogeneous canopy layout, below canopy height at the canopy edge, sweeps and ejections lose their dominance in vertical turbulent transport. The present results show that the dynamics of internal interfaces govern the ensemble averaged results and a possible implementation into existing models is proposed. The present results are expected to increase understanding of spanwise turbulent transport and aid in developing strategies to mitigate desertification.
Regional lymph node changes on breast MRI in patients with early-stage breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: Jacob Saya , Christofferson Anika , Fisch Samantha , Norwood Peter , Castillo Paolo , Yu Hongmei , Hirst Gillian , Soliman Hatem , Nanda Rita , Mukhtar Rita A. , Ewing Cheryl , Majure Melanie , Melisko Michelle , Rugo Hope S. , Esserman Laura , Price Elissa , Chien A. Jo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Establishing breast MRI imaging patterns associated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy is needed to monitor response. We analyzed serial breast MRIs in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy on the I-SPY2 clinical trial.

Methods
Patients with stage 2–3 HER2-negative breast cancer were randomized to weekly paclitaxel (control), weekly paclitaxel and pembrolizumab, or weekly paclitaxel, pembrolizumab and intra-tumoral injection of SD-101, a TLR9 agonist. All patients received AC. Regional lymph nodes were retrospectively evaluated on breast MRI at baseline, 3, 12 and 20 weeks by a single blinded radiologist. MRIs were assessed for development of new regional lymphadenopathy, or increase in the longest diameter or cortical thickness of the largest abnormal regional lymph node.

Results
Between 12/2015 and 4/2021, a total of 43 patients enrolled in the control (n = 16) and paclitaxel + pembrolizumab ± SD-101 (n = 27) arms. 12 of 27 patients (44.4%) receiving chemo-immunotherapy experienced increased lymphadenopathy within the first 12 weeks compared to 1 of 16 patients (6.3%) in the control group (p = 0.014). Most patients with increased lymphadenopathy were in the SD101/pembro arm (n = 10, p = 0.002). Increased lymphadenopathy was observed despite concomitant decrease in breast tumor size at all time points. 11 of 12 patients with increased lymphadenopathy had pathologically negative nodes at surgery. There was no association between lymphadenopathy and lower residual cancer burden or immune-related toxicity.

Conclusions
The combination of neoadjuvant paclitaxel and pembrolizumab ± SD101 intratumoral injection was associated with early increases in regional lymphadenopathy on MRI despite decreased breast tumor size. Increased lymphadenopathy was not associated with node positive disease at surgery.
To Belong: Narratives About Family Belonging Among Children in Foster Families or Where Custody has been Transferred
Authors: Larsson Sara , Punzi Elisabeth , Wissö Therése 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In 1983, 2001, 2002 and 2020 Swedish legislation has sought to strengthen children’s rights to family belonging in foster care, as well as their voices in decision making. The aim of this study was to understand how children in long-term foster families and children whose custody has been transferred experience family belonging within these different legal contexts. Methods: Six participants aged 11–17 years were recruited. The data were collected through narrative interviews. Both verbal and visual methods were used in data collection and narrative analysis was used to capture a comprehensive understanding of the stories. Findings: It is suggested that a sense of family belonging can be understood through the following themes: “To spend time”, “To share experiences”, “To be seen, cared for, and supported”, “To resemble someone”, and “To know or not to know”. Conclusion: Practical implications of the findings are discussed in relation to planning, guidance, and decision-making within foster care. The results, if implemented in practice, could have an impact on how to discuss foster children’s sense of family belonging within the foster care system.
Multi-marker analysis of circulating tumor cells in localized intermediate/high-risk and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Welsch Eva , Bonstingl Lilli , Holzer Barbara , Schuster Eva , Weiß Esther , Zaharie Alexandru-Teodor , Krainer Michael , Fischer Michael B. , El-Heliebi Amin , Zeillinger Robert , Obermayr Eva 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are an established prognostic marker in metastatic prostate cancer (PrC) but have received little attention in localized high-risk disease. Peripheral blood was obtained from patients with early intermediate and high-risk PrC (n = 15) at baseline, after radiotherapy, and during follow-up, as well as from metastatic PrC patients (n = 23). CTCs were enriched using the microfluidic Parsortix® technology. CTC-related marker were quantified with qPCR and RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH). Positivity and associations to clinical parameters were assessed using McNemar test, Fisher Exact test or log-rank test. The overall positivity was high in both cohorts (87.0% metastatic vs. 66.7% early at baseline). A high concordance of qPCR and RNA ISH was achieved. In metastatic PrC, PSA and PSMA were prognostic for shorter overall survival. In early PrC patients, an increase of positive transcripts per blood sample was observed from before to after radiation therapy, while a decrease of positive markers was observed during follow-up. CTC analysis using the investigated qPCR marker panel serves as tool for achieving high detection rates of PrC patient samples even in localized disease. RNA ISH offers the advantage of confirming these markers at the single cell level. Employing the clinically relevant marker PSMA, our CTC approach can be used for diagnostic purposes to screen patients profiting from PSMA-directed PET-CT or PSMA-targeted therapy.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of Phytophthora infestans airborne inoculum in Belgium
Authors: Le Vourch Vivien , Decroës Alain , Thonon Salomé , Lienard Charlotte , Van Steenberge Cyril , Rosillon Damien , Lebrun Pierre , César Vincent , Legrève Anne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For nearly a century, scientists have strived to model the development of Phytophthora infestans (Pi) to predict late blight infections in potatoes. This has led to the use of decision support systems (DSSs) that rely on forecasting models based on environmental parameters. All these models assume that the primary inoculum is ubiquitous. This study focuses on the spatiotemporal distribution of airborne inoculum of Pi to assess the value of incorporating quantitative data of this variable in improving the prediction of primary infection of potato late blight in fields. The daily spatiotemporal distribution of Pi airborne inoculum was studied from 2019 to 2022 at Ath, Gembloux, Libramont and Louvain-la-Neuve in Belgium by combining Burkard spore traps with a quantitative PCR assays. The quantities of Pi inoculum trapped daily ranged from 0 to 4903 (expressed as sporangia equivalent) depending on the site and the year. The appearance of late blight symptoms in untreated plots located close to spore traps was assessed shortly after the detection of airborne inoculum in all monitored sites. A comparison between airborne inoculum detection and the recommendations provided by three DSSs revealed that fungicide treatments are often recommended at the beginning of the season when airborne inoculum is absent. Two field trials performed in 2021 and 2022 showed that the number of fungicide treatments could be reduced by considering the presence of the inoculum, particularly by delaying the first application. Further knowledge of the relationships between disease pressure, airborne inoculum and meteorological conditions will provide valuable information for improving DSSs and reducing fungicide use.
Spreading of rotating liquid annular ring with hysteresis effects
Authors: Boettcher Konrad E. R. , Ehrhard Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe spreading of a liquid, subjected to centrifugal forces or an air jet, leads to a lowering of the liquid height at the center. If the system is partially wetting, experiments show a break up of the liquid and the appearance of a dry patch at the center. In this article, the spreading of a liquid droplet or a liquid film, featuring a dry patch at the center, is investigated. Via a generalized Tanner’s law, we allow for a contact-angle hysteresis in partially wetting systems. By means of the lubrication approximation, an analytical quasi-steady solution can be derived in the limit of small capillary numbers. We find a power-law regime for the spreading, in which at least one of the contact lines follows a power law in time, almost independent of both static contact angles. The influence of the static contact angles remains restricted to the beginning of the spreading and to transition periods. Four different types of spreading can be identified, namely spreading (i) with a very thin central liquid layer, (ii) as annular ring with central dry patch, (iii) into a static equilibrium, and (iv) with closing of the central dry patch. In a flow map, these types of spreading are mapped as function of both static contact angles. Moreover, the dependency from gravitational and centrifugal forces is investigated and included in the flow map. For a perfectly wetting system, a disjoining-pressure correction in combination with Tanner’s law prohibits negative liquid heights at the center. Hereby, the magnitudes of the Hamaker constants have a negligible influence and arbitrary-small values can be used, since the dynamics of the contact line remains controlled by Tanner’s law.
Deservingness Belongs to the Past
Authors: Andersson Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt has been suggested that people who will face hardship in the future may deserve our sympathies now. Similar intuitions can be adopted regarding the deservingness of jobs and scholarships, where andidates may be deserving now based on their expected future performance. To accommodate these intuitions, some have contended that desert is sometimes forward-looking. In this paper, I argue that it is a mistake to think of desert as forward-looking. The forward-looking view struggles to explain the deservingness of subjects that have conflicting desert-making features in the future, it requires that we accept asymmetries and exceptions in desert theory and that we commit to a form of moderate determinism. In response, I present a comparative approach that offers a unified framework for explaining forward-looking cases without the drawbacks associated with the forward-looking view.
The Global Energy Balance as Represented in Atmospheric Reanalyses
Authors: Wild Martin , Bosilovich Michael G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the representation of the global mean energy balance components in 10 atmospheric reanalyses, and compare their magnitudes with recent reference estimates as well as the ones simulated by the latest generation of climate models from the 6th phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6). Despite the assimilation of comprehensive observational data in reanalyses, the spread amongst the magnitudes of their global energy balance components generally remains substantial, up to more than 20 Wm−2 in some quantities, and their consistency is typically not higher than amongst the much less observationally constrained CMIP6 models. Relative spreads are particularly large in the reanalysis global mean latent heat fluxes (exceeding 20%) and associated intensity of the global water cycle, as well as in the energy imbalances at the top-of-atmosphere and surface. A comparison of reanalysis runs in full assimilation mode with corresponding runs constrained only by sea surface temperatures reveals marginal differences in their global mean energy balance components. This indicates that discrepancies in the global energy balance components caused by the different model formulations amongst the reanalyses are hardly alleviated by the imposed observational constraints from the assimilation process. Similar to climate models, reanalyses overestimate the global mean surface downward shortwave radiation and underestimate the surface downward longwave radiation by 3–7 Wm−2. While reanalyses are of tremendous value as references for many atmospheric parameters, they currently may not be suited to serve as references for the magnitudes of the global mean energy balance components.
“We Met in a Place that Fostered Exploring”: Campus Environments that Influence Boundary-Crossing Friendships
Authors: Hudson Tara D. , Rockenbach Alyssa N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe college years represent a prime opportunity for students to develop prosocial skills through friendships that cross social boundaries (i.e., in which the two friends differ on at least one aspect of sociocultural identity such as race, political affiliation, or religion). By cultivating empathy and reducing social stratification, these friendships may serve as a needed remedy for the ongoing and deepening tribalism dominating the current U.S. political climate, ultimately advancing a more justice-oriented society. We utilized data from 55 focus groups with 268 participants at 18 U.S. institutions of various sizes, locations, and affiliations to explore how campus environments and experiences influence college students’ boundary-crossing friendships. Participants highlighted how aspects of their campus climates (size, structural diversity, norms, and identity support) encouraged as well as discouraged crossing social boundaries. They discussed how programs (curricular and co-curricular), spaces (residence and dining halls, prayer spaces), and informal social opportunities (such as studying, dining, socializing, or having meaningful conversations) helped them develop and deepen friendships across the social boundaries of religious, secular, and spiritual (RSS) identity; political beliefs; race/ethnicity; and other identities. They also described the power of early campus experiences in setting the stage for crossing social boundaries. Our findings add texture to prior quantitative research documenting the power of campus conditions and environments for fostering friendship across social boundaries, and they illuminate effective ways for colleges and universities to create environments and experiences that provide students with opportunities and reasons to connect and build friendships that bridge social divisions.
Journalism Beyond the Nation-State: Multiscalar Fields and How to Navigate Them
Authors: Zeveleva Olga 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnalysis of journalistic fields is dominated by approaches that take news media at the nation-state level as the major unit of analysis. More recently, sociologists have asked whether we can speak of global journalistic fields. Many scholars have concluded that global journalistic fields are weak at best, and news production remains bounded by nation-states. This paper offers a more fine-tuned understanding of the boundaries of journalistic fields. Drawing on an interview-based qualitative study of regional journalistic fields in contemporary Crimea (a region of Ukraine annexed by Russia in 2014) and in Tatarstan (a region of Russia), I answer the questions “how do states shape the autonomy of regional journalistic fields?” and “how do journalists navigate the limitations they face?” I advance two arguments: first, journalistic fields can be understood as multiscalar fields, and the practices of journalists are shaped by the configuration of political relations along different scales simultaneously (the scale of the city, the region, the national scale, the scale of other nation-states, and the international arena). Second, the scales that exert the most influence on journalistic fields can change depending on whether the nation-state or the region is embroiled in conflict.
Prescription of Exercise Programs for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review
Authors: Ataíde Sofia S. , Ferreira José P. , Campos Maria J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhysical exercise offers health benefits for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the literature on recommendations for exercise prescription is still limited. This study aims to identify the most beneficial type of exercise program and present the most effective guidelines for its prescription in individuals with ASD. A systematic review was carried out using the ERIC, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Of a total of 1114 studies, 18 were considered eligible. Overall, the type of programs included aerobic exercise sessions with an average duration of 12 weeks, with 3 weekly sessions of 45 to 60 min. The assessment included the shuttle test protocol, the progressive cardiovascular endurance running protocol and the modified Bruce protocol. For the muscle strength exercises, the sessions lasted an average of 12 weeks, with 2 weekly sessions of 10 to 20 min, including 2 to 4 exercises, 1 to 3 sets, with 6 to 12 repetitions. The assessments included the handgrip strength test, the modified curve-up test and the push-up test. The programs had positive effects on cardiorespiratory capacity and hemodynamics, indicating that the benefits of training increase when both capacities are combined. This study provides useful guidelines for adapted sports coaches to prescribe exercise programs aimed at promoting quality of life in individuals with ASD.
Parenting Stress and Child Behavior Problems among Latino and non-Latino Families of Autistic Children: Exploring Day-to-Day Temporal Relations
Authors: Benjamin Laurel R. , Krantz Megan L. , Fenning Rachel M. , Neece Cameron L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBehavior problems are common among young autistic children and are related to elevated parenting stress levels among their caregivers. However, previous studies of this population have rarely examined relations between child behavior problems and parenting stress at a daily level and, to date, have not examined how these relations may differ for Latino families. Using a day-to-day, within-person design, this study bidirectionally examined these temporal relations among 70 families of autistic children (ages 3–5 years, 74.3% male, 49% Latino parents) who participated in a 14-day daily-diary study. Parent-reported child behavior problem severity and parenting stress were measured daily. Constructs were partitioned into their between- and within-person components and analyzed using time-lagged MLM models. At the between-person level, greater reported child behavior problem severity, relative to the group average, was positively associated with next-day parenting stress and vice versa. This relationship was moderated by Latino ethnicity, such that the positive relationship between reported child behavior problem severity and next-day parenting stress was weaker for Latino (versus non-Latino) families. These bidirectional relationships differed at the within-person level, such that, unexpectedly, greater-than-usual parenting stress, compared to parents’ own average, was negatively associated with next-day child behavior severity. Findings underscore the value of using daily diary methodology to decompose between- and within-person effects, and reveal potential intervention targets to improve parent and child functioning, particularly among minoritized families of autistic children.