bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational Restrictions in meso‐(2‐Thiazolyl)–BODIPYs: Large Stokes Shift and pH‐Dependent Optical Properties
Authors: Neena Kalluvettukuzhy K. , Thilagar Pakkirisamy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of thiazole‐appended boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives 1–4 is reported. The fluorescence emission colors of 1–4 were fine‐tuned by modulating the dihedral angle between BODIPY and thiazole by judiciously varying the number of methyl substituents on both the BODIPY and thiazole moieties. Compounds 1 and 2 with fewer methyl substituents on the BODIPY core showed a large Stokes shift (≈110 nm) relative to derivatives 3 and 4 with more methyl substituents. In addition, the optical properties of 1 and 2 are sensitive to the pH of the medium. The experimentally observed results were corroborated with theoretical calculations.
Exposure to a PBDE/OH-BDE mixture alters juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) development
Authors: Macaulay Laura J. , Chernick Melissa , Chen Albert , Hinton David E. , Bailey Jordan M. , Kullman Seth W. , Levin Edward D. , Stapleton Heather M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites (e.g., hydroxylated BDEs [OH-BDEs]) are contaminants frequently detected together in human tissues and are structurally similar to thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones partially mediate metamorphic transitions between life stages in zebrafish, making this a critical developmental window that may be vulnerable to chemicals disrupting thyroid signaling. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to 6-OH-BDE-47 (30 nM; 15 μg/L) alone, or to a low-dose (30 μg/L) or high-dose (600 μg/L) mixture of PentaBDEs, 6-OH-BDE-47 (0.5–6 μg/L), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (5–100 μg/L) during juvenile development (9–23 d postfertilization) and evaluated for developmental endpoints mediated by thyroid hormone signaling. Fish were sampled at 3 time points and examined for developmental and skeletal morphology, apical thyroid and skeletal gene markers, and modifications in swimming behavior (as adults). Exposure to the high-dose mixture resulted in &gt;85% mortality within 1 wk of exposure, despite being below reported acute toxicity thresholds for individual congeners. The low-dose mixture and 6-OH-BDE-47 groups exhibited reductions in body length and delayed maturation, specifically relating to swim bladder, fin, and pigmentation development. Reduced skeletal ossification was also observed in 6-OH-BDE-47–treated fish. Assessment of thyroid and osteochondral gene regulatory networks demonstrated significantly increased expression of genes that regulate skeletal development and thyroid hormones. Overall, these results indicate that exposures to PBDE/OH-BDE mixtures adversely impact zebrafish maturation during metamorphosis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:36–48. © 2016 SETAC
Electrocatalytic Performance of Palladium Dendrites Deposited on Titania Nanotubes for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Abraham B. G. , Maniam K. K. , Kuniyil A. , Chetty R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPd catalyst with dendritic morphology was synthesized on ordered and uniformly distributed titania nanotubes (TNT/Ti), and bare Ti by a simple electrochemical deposition process. The influence of support morphology was studied in relation to Pd deposition and its electro catalytic oxidation of formic acid. The structural property of Pd dendrites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The electrochemical study showed the activity and durability of Pd/TNT/Ti catalyst for formic acid oxidation was enhanced compared to Pd/Ti electro catalyst. The synergetic contribution from TNT/Ti as support for Pd and its enhanced catalytic activity is discussed.
Characterization of Carrier Transport and Trapping in Photorefractive Polymer Composites Using Photoemission Yield Spectroscopy in Air
Authors: Tsujimura Sho , Fujihara Takashi , Sassa Takafumi , Kinashi Kenji , Sakai Wataru , Ishibashi Koji , Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: June 2016

Carrier trapping in organic photorefractive (PR) composites is affected by the bulk state (which can be varied by modifying the molecule structure and processing method used) and the presence of dipolar molecules. Such situations complicate the understanding of carrier trapping in PR composites. The density of states (DOS) provides direct information about carrier trapping in materials. Here, the first attempt to directly measure the DOS in PR composites is performed to investigate the effect of the change of the bulk state on carrier trapping. The distribution of the DOS is measured using photoemission yield spectroscopy in air. The bulk state of the PR composites is tuned based on the crystallization of dipolar nonlinear optical dyes included as a component. Thus, the bulk with a different net dipole (spatially averaged dipole) moment is prepared with the same composition as the PR materials. The edge part of the DOS profile clearly changes upon tuning the bulk state. The diminished net dipole moment achieved by the bulk state tuning causes the suppression of carrier trapping, which is well supported by the dipole trapping model. This result coincides with those obtained using photocurrent and PR grating measurements.
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Vascular disease and vascular risk factors in relation to motor features and cognition in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Malek Naveed , Lawton Michael A. , Swallow Diane M. A. , Grosset Katherine A. , Marrinan Sarah L. , Bajaj Nin , Barker Roger A. , Burn David J. , Hardy John , Morris Huw R. , Williams Nigel M. , Wood Nicholas , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Grosset Donald G. ,   on behalf of the PRoBaND Clinical Consortium
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vascular disease (and vascular risk factors), cognition and motor phenotype in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsRecently diagnosed PD cases were enrolled in a multicenter prospective observational longitudinal cohort study. Montreal cognitive assessment (normal >23, mild cognitive impairment 22 to 23 or lower but without functional impairment, and dementia 21 or less with functional impairment) and Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale part 3 (UPDRS 3) scores were analyzed in relation to a history of vascular events and risk factors.ResultsIn 1759 PD cases, mean age 67.5 (standard deviation 9.3) years, mean disease duration 1.3 (standard deviation 0.9) years, 65.2% were men, 4.7% had a history of prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, and 12.5% had cardiac disease (angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure). In cases without a history of vascular disease, hypertension was recorded in 30.4%, high cholesterol 27.3%, obesity 20.7%, diabetes 7.2%, and cigarette smoking in 4.6%. Patients with prior stroke or transient ischemic attack were more likely to have cognitive impairment (42% vs 25%) and postural instability gait difficulty (53.5% vs 39.5%), but these findings were not significant after adjustment for age, sex, and disease duration (P = .075). The presence of more than 2 vascular risks was associated with worse UPDRS 3 motor scores (beta coefficient 4.05, 95% confidence interval 1.48, 6.61, p = .002) and with cognitive impairment (ordinal odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.34, 3.74, p = .002). In 842 patients (47.8%) with structural brain imaging, white matter leukoaraiosis, but not lacunar or territorial infarction, was associated with impaired cognition (p = .006) and postural instability gait difficulty (p = .010).ConclusionVascular comorbidity is significantly associated with cognitive and gait impairment in patients with early PD, which may have prognostic and treatment implications. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A basal slip model for Lagrangian finite element simulations of 3D landslides
Authors: Cremonesi Massimiliano , Ferri Francesco , Perego Umberto 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYA Lagrangian numerical approach for the simulation of rapid landslide runouts is presented and discussed. The simulation approach is based on the so‐called Particle Finite Element Method. The moving soil mass is assumed to obey a rigid‐viscoplastic, non‐dilatant Drucker–Prager constitutive law, which is cast in the form of a regularized, pressure‐sensitive Bingham model. Unlike in classical formulations of computational fluid mechanics, where no‐slip boundary conditions are assumed, basal slip boundary conditions are introduced to account for the specific nature of the landslide‐basal surface interface. The basal slip conditions are formulated in the form of modified Navier boundary conditions, with a pressure‐sensitive threshold. A special mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian formulation is used for the elements on the basal interface to accommodate the new slip conditions into the Particle Finite Element Method framework. To avoid inconsistencies in the presence of complex shapes of the basal surface, the no‐flux condition through the basal surface is relaxed using a penalty approach. The proposed model is validated by simulating both laboratory tests and a real large‐scale problem, and the critical role of the basal slip is elucidated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered lipid partitioning and glucocorticoid availability in CBG‐deficient male mice with diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Gulfo José , Ledda Angelo , Serra Elisabet , Cabot Cristina , Esteve Montserrat , Grasa Mar 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate how deficiency in corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG), the specific carrier of glucocorticoids, affects glucocorticoid availability and adipose tissue in obesity.MethodsC57BL/6 (WT) and CBG‐deficient (KO) male mice were fed during 12 weeks with standard or hyperlipidic diet (HL). Glucocorticoid availability and metabolic parameters were assessed.ResultsBody weight and food intake were increased in KO compared with WT mice fed a standard diet and were similar when fed a HL diet. Expression of CBG was found in white adipose tissue by immunochemistry, real‐time PCR, and Western blot. In obesity, the subcutaneous depot developed less in KO mice compared with WT, which was associated with a minor adipocyte area and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ expression. Conversely, the epididymal depot displayed higher weight and adipocyte area in KO than in WT mice. CBG deficiency caused a fall of hepatic 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression and an increase in epidymal adipose tissue, particularly in HL mice.ConclusionsDeficiency in CBG drives lipid partitioning from subcutaneous to visceral adipose depot under a context of lipid excess and differentially modulates 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression.
Placental transcriptomes in the common aneuploidies reveal critical regions on the trisomic chromosomes and genome‐wide effects
Authors: Bianco Katherine , Gormley Matthew , Farrell Jason , Zhou Yan , Oliverio Oliver , Tilden Hannah , McMaster Michael , Fisher Susan J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveChromosomal aberrations are frequently associated with birth defects and pregnancy losses. Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 are the most common, clinically relevant fetal aneusomies. This study used a transcriptomics approach to identify the molecular signatures at the maternal–fetal interface in each aneuploidy.MethodsWe profiled placental gene expression (13–22 weeks) in T13 (n = 4), T18 (n = 4) and T21 (n = 8), and in euploid pregnancies (n = 4).ResultsWe found differentially expressed transcripts (≥2‐fold) in T21 (n = 160), T18 (n = 80) and T13 (n = 125). The majority were upregulated and most of the misexpressed genes were not located on the relevant trisomic chromosome, suggesting genome‐wide dysregulation. A smaller number of the differentially expressed transcripts were encoded on the trisomic chromosome, suggesting gene dosage. In T21, <10% of the genes were transcribed from the Down syndrome critical region (21q21–22), which contributes to the clinical phenotype. In T13, 15% of the upregulated genes were on the affected chromosome (13q11–14), and in T18, the percentage increased to 24% (18q11–22 region).ConclusionThe trisomic placental (and possibly fetal) phenotypes are driven by the combined effects of genome‐wide phenomena and increased gene dosage from the trisomic chromosome. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The benefits and limitations of cell‐free DNA screening for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Dugoff Lorraine , Mennuti Michael T. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCell‐free DNA testing is increasingly being used to screen pregnant women for fetal aneuploidy. This technology may also identify microdeletion syndromes, including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, the most common microdeletion syndrome, and the 22q11.2 duplication syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, to review the early experience with cell‐free DNA screening for this deletion and to consider the potential benefits that may be associated with prenatal detection of the deletion. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape of protein–small ligand binding modes
Authors: Kasahara Kota , Kinoshita Kengo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractElucidating the mechanisms of specific small‐molecule (ligand) recognition by proteins is a long‐standing conundrum. While the structures of these molecules, proteins and ligands, have been extensively studied, protein–ligand interactions, or binding modes, have not been comprehensively analyzed. Although methods for assessing similarities of binding site structures have been extensively developed, the methods for the computational treatment of binding modes have not been well established. Here, we developed a computational method for encoding the information about binding modes as graphs, and assessing their similarities. An all‐against‐all comparison of 20,040 protein–ligand complexes provided the landscape of the protein–ligand binding modes and its relationships with protein‐ and chemical spaces. While similar proteins in the same SCOP Family tend to bind relatively similar ligands with similar binding modes, the correlation between ligand and binding similarities was not very high (R2 = 0.443). We found many pairs with novel relationships, in which two evolutionally distant proteins recognize dissimilar ligands by similar binding modes (757,474 pairs out of 200,790,780 pairs were categorized into this relationship, in our dataset). In addition, there were an abundance of pairs of homologous proteins binding to similar ligands with different binding modes (68,217 pairs). Our results showed that many interesting relationships between protein–ligand complexes are still hidden in the structure database, and our new method for assessing binding mode similarities is effective to find them.
Students from non‐dominant linguistic backgrounds making sense of cosmology visualizations
Authors: Buck Bracey Zoë E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article presents the results of exploratory research with community college students from non‐dominant linguistic backgrounds (NDLB) in an introductory astronomy class as they collaborated to reconstruct dynamic cosmology visualizations through drawing. Data included student discourse during the drawing activity, post‐activity interviews, and the drawings themselves. This work comes from the theoretical perspective that revealing student competence should be an essential part of science education research, and is guided by sociocultural theory. Results indicate that dynamic cosmology visualizations can support the development of cosmological literacy by facilitating heterogeneous sense‐making strategies. The activity of drawing the visualizations in groups created fluid, hybrid spaces where students could grapple directly with cosmology content while trying on the language of science. In light of these findings, the author argues that carefully incorporating collaborative activity around the interpretation of visualizations into learning environments can improve access to cosmology content for learners, particularly those who come from non‐dominant linguistic backgrounds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 29–57, 2017
Cover Image, Volume 6, Issue 4
Authors: Zhang Zhuhua , Liu Xiaofei , Yu Jin , Hang Yang , Li Yao , Guo Yufeng , Xu Ying , Sun Xu , Zhou Jianxin , Guo Wanlin 
Published: June 2016

The front cover image, by Wanlin Guo et al., is based on the Advanced Review Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of two‐dimensional materials and their one‐dimensional derivatives, DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1251.
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The organization and regulation of mRNA–protein complexes
Authors: Rissland Olivia S. 
Published: June 2016

In a eukaryotic cell, each messenger RNA (mRNA) is bound to a variety of proteins to form an mRNA–protein complex (mRNP). Together, these proteins impact nearly every step in the life cycle of an mRNA and are critical for the proper control of gene expression. In the cytoplasm, for instance, mRNPs affect mRNA translatability and stability and provide regulation of specific transcripts as well as global, transcriptome‐wide control. mRNPs are complex, diverse, and dynamic, and so they have been a challenge to understand. But the advent of high‐throughput sequencing technology has heralded a new era in the study of mRNPs. Here, I will discuss general principles of cytoplasmic mRNP organization and regulation. Using microRNA‐mediated repression as a case study, I will focus on common themes in mRNPs and highlight the interplay between mRNP composition and posttranscriptional regulation. mRNPs are an important control point in regulating gene expression, and while the study of these fascinating complexes presents remaining challenges, recent advances provide a critical lens for deciphering gene regulation. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1369. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1369This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Loss of heterophylly in aquatic plants: not ABA-mediated stress but exogenous ABA treatment induces stomatal leaves in Potamogeton perfoliatus
Authors: Iida Satoko , Ikeda Miyuki , Amano Momoe , Sakayama Hidetoshi , Kadono Yasuro , Kosuge Keiko 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Heterophyllous aquatic plants produce aerial (i.e., floating and terrestrial) and submerged leaves—the latter lack stomata—while homophyllous plants contain only submerged leaves, and cannot survive on land. To identify whether differences in morphogenetic potential and/or physiological stress responses are responsible for variation in phenotypic plasticity between two plants types, responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and salinity stress were compared between the closely related, but ecologically diverse pondweeds, Potamogeton wrightii (heterophyllous) and P. perfoliatus (homophyllous). The ABA-treated (1 or 10 μM) P. wrightii plants exhibited heterophylly and produced leaves with stomata. The obligate submerged P. perfoliatus plants were able to produce stomata on their leaves, but there were no changes to leaf shape, and stomatal production occurred only at a high ABA concentration (10 μM). Under salinity stress conditions, only P. wrightii leaves formed stomata. Additionally, the expression of stress-responsive NCED genes, which encode a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, was consistently up-regulated in P. wrightii, but only temporarily in P. perfoliatus. The observed species-specific gene expression patterns may be responsible for the induction or suppression of stomatal production during exposure to salinity stress. These results suggest that the two Potamogeton species have an innate morphogenetic ability to form stomata, but the actual production of stomata depends on ABA-mediated stress responses specific to each species and habitat.
Environmental enrichment attenuates the blood brain barrier dysfunction induced by the neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia
Authors: Diaz Ramiro , Miguel Patrícia Maidana , Deniz Bruna Ferrary , Confortim Heloísa Deola , Barbosa Sílvia , Mendonça Monique Culturato Padilha , da Cruz‐Höfling Maria Alice , Pereira Lenir Orlandi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) is considered an efficient neuroprotector against neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia (HI). Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal HI and environmental stimulation in the hippocampus of rats at 3 different time points (PND 8, 22 and 60), evaluating some aspects of BBB structure and function. Seven‐day‐old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group maintained in a standard environment (CTSE), a control group maintained in an enrichment environment (CTEE), an HI group maintained in a standard environment (HISE) and an HI group maintained in an enrichment environment (HIEE). At the 7th postnatal day (PND), rats were submitted to the Levine‐Rice model of neonatal HI. This method consists of permanent occlusion of the right common carotid artery with subsequent exposure to hypoxia. Rats from CTEE and HIEE were stimulated with environmental enrichment. The EE protocol started 24 h after HI, in which pup rats with their dams were stimulated in a maintained EE (PND 8–22). Subsequently, animals were submitted to daily EE (1 h/day, PND 23–60). The expression of some proteins involved in BBB structure (β‐catenin, occludin, connexin‐43, aquaporin‐4, glut‐1 and GFAP) were quantified by western blotting in the hippocampi of rats in three periods, at PND 8, 22 and 60. The BBB permeability and integrity was assessed by Evans blue staining and the immunohistochemistry for GFAP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were also performed. The results showed an HI‐induced decreased occludin expression at PND 22 and low levels of occludin, β‐catenin and GFAP at PND 60 in the hippocampus of the hypoxic‐ischemic rats. Interestingly, in young and adult rats, EE reversed these effects. Evans blue extravasation into the brain parenchyma confirmed the BBB dysfunction brought on by HI. No differences were observed at PND 8, probably due to the immaturity of the BBB at this age. The present study makes an important contribution to understanding the mechanism of the hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage and also to presents, for the first time, the recovery of BBB dysfunction as a possible pathway for the protective effect of EE.