bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites
Authors: McMartin Kenneth , Jacobsen Dag , Hovda Knut Erik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe alcohols methanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol share many characteristics. The most important is that the compounds themselves are relatively nontoxic but are metabolized, initially by alcohol dehydrogenase, to various toxic intermediates. These compounds are readily available worldwide in commercial products as well as in homemade alcoholic beverages, both of which lead to most of the poisonings, from either unintentional or intentional ingestion. Although relatively infrequent, toxic alcohol poisonings do unfortunately occur in outbreaks and can result in severe morbidity and mortality. These poisonings have traditionally been treated with ethanol since it competes for the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase and decreases the formation of toxic metabolites. Although ethanol can be an effective antidote, there are substantial practical problems with its use. Therefore fomepizole, a potent competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, was developed for a hopefully better treatment for metabolically toxic alcohol poisonings. Fomepizole has few side effects and is easy to use in practice and it may obviate the need for haemodialysis in some, but not all, patients. Hence, fomepizole has largely replaced ethanol as the toxic alcohol antidote in many countries. Nevertheless, ethanol remains an important alternative because access to fomepizole can be limited, the cost may appear excessive or the physician may prefer ethanol due to experience.
Association between overweight/obesity and dental outcomes in early childhood: Findings from an Australian cohort study
Authors: Leary S. D. , Ha D. H. , Dudding T. , Do L. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesOral health is an important part of general health and well‐being and shares risk factors, such as poor diet, with obesity. The published literature assessing the association between obesity and oral health in early childhood is sparse and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between overweight/obesity (measured by body mass index) and dental outcomes (caries, plaque index and gingival index) both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, taking account of potential confounding factors, based on data collected at age 2 and age 5 within the Australian Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study.MethodsThis study used data from 1174 SMILE participants. Associations between overweight/obesity and dental outcomes were assessed using generalized linear regression models for the modified Poisson family with log link to estimate prevalence ratios. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal models were fitted, after minimal and full adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsApproximately 12% of the participants were overweight/obese at 2 years and 9% at 5 years. Between 2 and 5 years, the prevalence of caries increased from approximately 4% to 24%, at least mild plaque accumulation increased from 37% to 90% and at least mild inflammation from 27% to 68%. There were no associations between overweight/obesity and the prevalence of dental caries; prevalence ratios (PR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] after adjustment for age and sex were 0.9 (0.3, 2.4) cross‐sectionally at 2 years, 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) cross‐sectionally at 5 years, and 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) for overweight/obesity at 2 years and caries at 5 years. Prevalence ratios were all around the value of 1 for the other dental outcomes and also after adjustment for additional confounders.ConclusionsThere were no associations between overweight/obesity and dental caries, plaque index or gingival index in this cohort of preschool children. However, associations may emerge as the children become older, and it will be possible to extend analyses to include data collected at age 7 in the near future.
Long‐Term Outcome of Low‐ and High‐Dose Radioiodine for Thyroid Remnant Ablation
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Wu Shuqi , Ma Chao , Wang Shaoyan , Chen Suyun , Wang Hui , Feng Fang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of low‐ and high‐dose radioiodine for remnant ablation in patients with low‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in China. The first‐stage results showed equivalence was observed between the two groups. Here, we report recurrence and survival at 3–5 and 6–10 years and biochemical parameters.Design, Patients and MethodsBetween January 2013 and December 2014, adult patients with DTC were enroled. Patients had undergone total or near‐total thyroidectomy, with or without cervical lymph node dissection, with tumour stages T1–T3 with or without lymph node metastasis, but without distant metastasis. Patients were randomly assigned to the low‐dose (1850 MBq) or high‐dose (3700 MBq) radioiodine group. They were then followed up for 3–5 and 6–10 years. Data on biochemical abnormalities, recurrence and survival were analysed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and χ2 tests.ResultsThe data of 228 patients (mean age = 42 years; 70.6% women) were analysed, with 117 patients in the low‐dose group and 111 in the high‐dose group. There were no significant differences in biochemical abnormalities, recurrence, or survival rates at the 6–10‐year follow‐up (all p > .05). Nine patients experienced recurrence in the low‐dose group (8.7%), while eight patients experienced recurrence in the high‐dose group (8.2%). The survival rates were 100% and 98.2% in the low‐ and high‐dose groups, respectively.ConclusionsThe long‐term effectiveness and safety of low‐dose (1850 MBq) radioiodine are the same as those of high‐dose (3700 MBq) radioiodine for thyroid remnant ablation in Chinese patients with low‐risk DTC.
Comparison of Different Intraoral Scanners With Prefabricated Aid on Accuracy and Framework Passive Fit of Digital Complete‐Arch Implant Impression: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Jiao , Liu Min , Shi Jun‐Yu , Deng Ke , Lai Hong‐Chang , Gu Wen , Zhang Xiao‐Meng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the accuracy of digital complete‐arch implant impressions with prefabricated aids using three intraoral scanners (IOSs) and explore the correlation between virtual deviation measurement and physical framework misfit.Materials and MethodsFour edentulous maxillary master models with four and six parallel and angular implants were fabricated and scanned by a laboratory scanner as reference scans. Ten scans of each master model were acquired using three IOSs (IOS‐T, IOS‐M, and IOS‐A) with and without prefabricated aids. Trueness and precision of root mean square (RMS) errors were measured. Ten aluminum alloy frameworks were fabricated, and the misfit was measured with a micro‐computed tomography scan with one screw tightened.ResultsTrueness and precision showed significant improvement when prefabricated aids were used for all three IOSs (p < 0.010). Median (interquartile range) RMS errors of trueness reduced from 67.5 (30.4) to 61.8 (30.3) μm, from 100.6 (35.4) to 45.9 (15.1) μm, and from 52.7 (33.2) to 41.1 (22.5) μm for scanner IOS‐T, IOS‐M, and IOS‐A, respectively (p < 0.010). The precision of IOS‐A and IOS‐M was significantly better than IOS‐T when using prefabricated aid (p < 0.001). RMS errors and the maximum marginal misfit of the framework were significantly correlated (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.845).ConclusionsWith the prefabricated aids, the accuracy of IOSs enhanced significantly in digital complete‐arch implant impressions. Three IOSs showed different levels of improvement in accuracy. Virtual RMS errors <62.2 μm could be the clinically acceptable threshold (150 μm) for framework passive fit.
β‐1,4‐Galactosyltransferase 1 protects against cerebral ischemia injury in mice by suppressing ferroptosis via the TAZ/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Yao , Liu Chang , Ren Lili , Li Jiachen , Xu Yunhao , Liang Jia , Wang Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke leads a primary cause of mortality in human diseases, with a high disability rate worldwide. This study aims to investigate the function of β‐1,4‐galactosyltransferase 1 (B4galt1) in mouse brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.MethodsRecombinant human B4galt1 (rh‐B4galt1) was intranasally administered to the mice model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion. In this study, the impact of rh‐B4galt1 on cerebral injury assessed using multiple methods, including the neurological disability status scale, 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), Nissl and TUNEL staining. This study utilized laser speckle Doppler flowmeter to monitor the cerebral blood flow. Western blotting was performed to assess the protein expression levels, and fluorescence‐labeled dihydroethidium method was performed to determine the superoxide anion generation. Assay kits were used for the measurement of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels.ResultsWe demonstrated that rh‐B4galt1 markedly improved neurological function, reduced cerebral infarct volume and preserved the completeness of blood–brain barrier (BBB) for preventing damage. These findings further illustrated that rh‐B4galt1 alleviated oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, as well as iron deposition induced by I/R. The vital role of ferroptosis was proved in brain injury. Furthermore, the rh‐B4galt1 could increase the levels of TAZ, Nrf2 and HO‐1 after I/R. And TAZ‐siRNA and ML385 reversed the neuroprotective effects of rh‐B4galt1.ConclusionsThe results indicated that rh‐B4galt1 implements neuroprotective effects by modulating ferroptosis, primarily via upregulating TAZ/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway. Thus, B4galt1 could be seen as a promising novel objective for ischemic stroke therapy.
Patch testing in non‐immediate hypersensitivity to cotrimoxazole: Is it useful?
Authors: Soares João Nuno , Teixeira João Pedro , Figueiredo Ana Carolina , Pinho André Castro , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundExisting literature has questioned the sensitivity of patch testing (PT) with cotrimoxazole (CTX) in the study of drug hypersensitivity.ObjectivesAssess the sensitivity of PT with CTX in non‐immediate cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR).Patients/Materials/MethodsRetrospective analysis (2000–2022) of PT with an antibiotic series including CTX 10% pet (Chemotechnique Diagnostics©) performed according to ESCD guidelines in patients with suspected non‐immediate CADR reactions to CTX. Some patients were additionally tested with in‐house preparations of CTX from Bactrim DS® tablets at 10% in pet or water and trimethoprim 10% pet (Laboratórios Edol©).ResultsSixty‐four patients (48F/16M; mean age 47 ± 18) were included, mostly with maculopapular exanthema (51, 80%). Notably, CTX was sole suspect in 24 patients. There was no positive reaction to CTX at 10% from Chemotechnique or Bactrim DS® tablets prepared at 10% pet for patch testing. One patient reacted exclusively to trimethoprim with 1+ reaction. Two patients had a faint reaction (1+) only with the powder of Bactrim DS® tablets in water at D2, but as the reactions faded completely in 24 or 48 h, they were interpreted as irritant non‐specific reactions.ConclusionThese findings suggest that patch testing may lack sufficient sensitivity to diagnose CTX‐induced non‐immediate CADR. Therefore, clinicians should be cautious interpreting CTX patch test results.
Effect of CMV Mismatch on Heart Transplant Outcomes Using a Surveillance and Preemptive Strategy
Authors: MacGowan Guy A. , Samuel Julie , McDiarmid Adam , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Oscar , Parry Gareth 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of the study was to determine outcomes after heart transplantation for cytomegalovirus (CMV) mismatched patients (D+/R−) who underwent a surveillance and preemptive therapy protocol, compared to nonmismatch patients.MethodsA review of patient records from January 2010 to December 2020 with follow‐up to October 2023 was done. The protocol consisted weekly surveillance with CMV PCR starting 4 weeks after transplant continuing up until the patient seroconverts or up to 3 months posttransplant if the patient does not seroconvert. Valganciclovir was given for 2 weeks to those who seroconverted.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐one patients were included, and 23% were mismatched patients. Overall survival was not different between CMV groups (p = NS). Causes of death and morbidities were also not significantly different (p = NS). Sixty‐six percent of mismatch patients seroconverted, and there was also a significantly older donor age in the seroconverted patients compared to nonseroconverted patients (41 ± 11 vs. 29 ± 12 years, p < 0.005), indicating a higher risk donor profile. A multivariate Cox regression including donor age showed that there was no increase in mortality in the seroconverted mismatches compared to nonmismatch patients (p = NS).ConclusionsThere is no significant increased mortality or morbidity using a CMV surveillance and preemptive therapy protocol. The effect of donor age on seroconversion of mismatches requires further validation.
Lessons learned from the FinnDiane Study: Epidemiology and metabolic risk factors for diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jansson Sigfrids Fanny , Lithovius Raija , Groop Per‐Henrik , Thorn Lena M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsAcross its operational span of more than 25 years, the observational, nationwide, multicentre Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study has aimed to unravel mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease, with a special focus on its metabolic risk factors. We sought to compile key findings relating to this topic and to offer a current perspective on the natural course of diabetic kidney disease among individuals with type 1 diabetes.MethodsIn this narrative review, articles relevant to the subject published by the FinnDiane Study were identified and summarized together with work published by others, when relevant.ResultsThe FinnDiane Study has underscored the significance of dysglycaemia and insulin resistance, increased visceral fat mass, hypertension and dyslipidaemia—particularly high triglycerides and remnant cholesterol—as risk factors for diabetic kidney disease. Factors like abdominal obesity seem to influence the early stages of the disease, while the presence of the metabolic syndrome becomes implicated at later stages. Epidemiological reports have revealed that after an initial decline, the cumulative incidence of albuminuria plateaued post‐1980s, with the progression rate to kidney failure remaining high. Fortunately, 23% of the FinnDiane cohort regressed to less advanced stages of albuminuria, improving their overall prognosis.ConclusionA substantial burden of albuminuria associated with type 1 diabetes persists, and therefore, novel kidney‐protecting therapies are highly awaited. In addition, given that metabolic factors influence the progression of diabetic kidney disease both in its early and advanced stages, emphasis should be placed on ensuring that their treatment targets are met.
From guidelines to clinical practice in care for ischaemic stroke patients: A systematic review and expert opinion
Authors: Lens Charlotte , Demeestere Jelle , Casolla Barbara , Christensen Hanne , Fischer Urs , Kelly Peter , Molina Carlos , Sacco Simona , Sandset Else Charlotte , Strbian Daniel , Thomalla Götz , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Vanhaecht Kris , Weltens Caroline , Coeckelberghs Ellen , Lemmens Robin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeGuidelines help physicians to provide optimal care for stroke patients, but implementation is challenging due to the quantity of recommendations. Therefore a practical overview related to applicability of recommendations can be of assistance.MethodsA systematic review was performed on ischaemic stroke guidelines published in scientific journals, covering the whole acute care process for patients with ischaemic stroke. After data extraction, experts rated the recommendations on dimensions of applicability, that is, actionability, feasibility and validity, on a 9‐point Likert scale. Agreement was defined as a score of ≥8 by ≥80% of the experts.ResultsEighteen articles were identified and 48 recommendations were ultimately extracted. Papers were included only if they described the whole acute care process for patients with ischaemic stroke. Data extraction and analysis revealed variation in terms of both content and comprehensiveness of this description. Experts reached agreement on 34 of 48 (70.8%) recommendations in the dimension actionability, for 16 (33.3%) in feasibility and for 15 (31.3%) in validity. Agreement on all three dimensions was reached for seven (14.6%) recommendations: use of a stroke unit, exclusion of intracerebral haemorrhage as differential diagnosis, administration of intravenous thrombolysis, performance of electrocardiography/cardiac evaluation, non‐invasive vascular examination, deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis and administration of statins if needed.Discussion and conclusionSubstantial variation in agreement was revealed on the three dimensions of the applicability of recommendations. This overview can guide stroke physicians in improving the care process and removing barriers where implementation may be hampered by validity and feasibility.
Male–female chemical interactions in a facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect
Authors: Ying Wai Chi Vicky , Wilner Daniela , Adler Lewis , Wylde Zachariah , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFacultative parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which females can either lay unfertilised eggs that typically develop into female offspring only or mate and lay fertilised eggs that develop into male and female offspring. Intriguingly, facultative parthenogens often occur in mixed‐sex populations where reproduction is mostly sexual and all‐female populations where reproduction is asexual. How all‐female populations avoid invasion by males remains unknown. Here, we explored the use of pheromones in male–female communication in a facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect, the peppermint stick insect (Megacrania batesii), and compared chemical signals between females descended from sexually versus parthenogenetically reproducing populations. If parthenogenetic females release less attractive pheromones, this could help explain the persistence of all‐female populations. We found that M. batesii exhibits slight sexual dimorphism in antenna morphology, and behavioural assays provided little evidence that males could locate females solely by volatile pheromones. However, CHC profiles differed substantially between different types of females. Analysis of CHC components indicated a clear genetic difference between females descended from all‐female versus mixed‐sex populations, as well as a maternal effect of female parthenogenetic versus sexual development. Together, our results suggest that males might rely more on close‐range chemical cues to differentiate females, and chemical communication could play a role in the persistence of all‐female populations.
Climate driven response of the Iceland‐East Greenland‐Jan Mayen capelin distribution
Authors: Singh Warsha , Guðnason Kristinn , Montanyès Marcel , Lindegren Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change is altering the distribution of marine organisms worldwide. This may, in turn, affect the overall structure and functioning of ecosystems, sometimes leading to low productive regimes. Pronounced shifts in distribution and migration have been observed for capelin (Mallotus villosus), one of the ecologically and commercially important species in the Arctic. This study attempts to discern whether a relationship existed between the altered capelin dynamics and the changing physical environmental conditions in the Iceland‐East Greenland‐Jan Mayen region. More specifically, three species distribution models were used to predict hindcasts (pre‐shift years 1993–2002) and nowcasts (post‐shift years 2003–2019) of capelin distribution based on relationships with temperature, salinity, current speed, net primary productivity, and bathymetry. The predicted probability of occurrence over these two time periods demonstrates that the changing environmental conditions have contributed to the modified distribution of the stock during its late feeding season in autumn and during the onset of spawning season in winter. The multi‐model approach used in this study has provided a solid statistical framework to describe the environmental niche of capelin and its potential responses to changing ocean climate.
Growth of Green Total Factor Productivity in China: “Structural Dividend” or “Reform Dividend”?
Authors: Jia Wenxing , Wu Shengnan , Yang Yang , Zhang Xueliang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIt is critical for promoting high‐quality economic development to improve green total factor productivity (GTFP). The “structural dividend” released by the optimization of economic structure and the “reform dividend” brought by market‐oriented reform are the two ways to improve GTFP. This paper empirically examines the impact of economic structural changes and marketization progress on GTFP with the spatial dynamic panel model based on the provincial data from 2001 to 2019 in China. The findings are as follows. (1) GTFP is characterized by significant spatial clustering and spatial positive correlation in China. (2) The optimization of economic structure and the improvement of marketization both have significant positive contributions to the improvement of GTFP. (3) The results of effect decomposition show that the optimization of economic structure has a long‐term effect on the increase of local GTFP, but only a short‐term effect on the surrounding areas. However, the improvement of marketization has a stable short‐term and long‐term impact on the improvement of local GTFP, while the impact on the surrounding areas is only reflected in the long‐term. The results of heterogeneity analysis indicate that the impact of economic structure optimization and market‐oriented reform on GTFP is different in different periods and regions, and the corresponding effect decomposition results are also different. Therefore, this paper suggests that it is necessary to optimize the economic structure further and promote market‐oriented reforms to release the structural dividends and reform dividends to achieve GTFP growth.