bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Either at left or right, both high and low frequency rTMS of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreases cue induced craving for methamphetamine
Authors: Liu Qingming , Shen Ying , Cao Xinyu , Li Yongqiang , Chen Yijiang , Yang Wei , Yuan Ti‐Fei 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe study is to investigate if left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is important in modulating the craving to drug related cues.MethodsThe present investigation examined different combinations between left/right and high/low frequency rTMS on cue induced craving to methamphetamine, with active sham rTMS on P3 region on a total of 50 subjects.ResultsThe results showed that either at left or right side, both high and low frequency rTMS are effective in decreasing the cue induced craving to methamphetamine.Discussion and ConclusionsIn conclusion, bilateral frontal hemispheres are effective in modulating the cue induced craving to methamphetamine with rTMS.Scientific SignificanceTMS targeting prefrontal cortex is effective for craving modulation; however the mechanism is more than potentiation or depression of single brain region. (Am J Addict 2017;26:776–779)
Effect of Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Sertraline in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Belmonte Carmen , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Koller Dora , Talegón María , Ovejero‐Benito María C. , López‐Rodríguez Rosario , Cabaleiro Teresa , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor widely metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Besides, it is a P‐glycoprotein substrate. Moreover, serotonin transporters and serotonin receptors are involved in its efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of sertraline in healthy volunteers. Forty‐six healthy volunteers (24 men and 22 women) receiving a 100‐mg single oral dose of sertraline were genotyped for 17 genetic variants of CYP enzymes (CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6), ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4), 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) genes. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were similar in men and women. Polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 genes influenced sertraline pharmacokinetics, with a greater effect of CYP2C19. Individuals carrying defective alleles for CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 showed higher area under the curve (AUC) and half‐life (T1/2). Moreover, CYP2C19*17 was related to a decreased AUC and T1/2. No significant effect was found for polymorphisms in CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and ABCB1 on sertraline pharmacokinetics. Sertraline had a small heart rate‐lowering effect, directly related to maximum concentration (Cmax) and the presence of ABCB1 minor alleles. Sertraline had no significant effect on blood pressure and QTc. There was a tendency to present more adverse drug reactions in women and individuals with higher AUC of sertraline, such as CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers and CYP2B6 G516T T/T individuals.
Photodynamic therapy and nuclear imaging activities of zinc phthalocyanine‐integrated TiO2 nanoparticles in breast and cervical tumors
Authors: Yurt Fatma , Ocakoglu Kasim , Ince Mine , Colak Suleyman Gokhan , Er Ozge , Soylu Hale Melis , Gunduz Cumhur , Biray Avci Cıgır , Caliskan Kurt Cansu 
Published: November 2017

In recent years, phthalocyanines (Pcs) have been widely used as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy applications. Because of their strong absorptions in the near‐infrared region (640–700 nm). The integration of phthalocyanine derivatives to a nanoparticle is expected to be efficient way to improve the activity of the photosensitizer on the targeted tissue. It is known that the integrated molecules not only show better accumulation on tumor tissue but also reduce toxicity in healthy tissues. In this study, the ZnPc molecule was synthesized and integrated to the TiO2 nanoparticle, to investigate the potential of PDT and its cytotoxicity. Additionally, ZnPc and ZnPc‐TiO2 molecules were labeled with 131I and it was aimed to put forth the nuclear imaging/therapy potentials of 131I labeled ZnPc/ZnPc‐TiO2 by determining in vitro uptakes in mouse mammary carcinoma (EMT6), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa). In result of our study, it was observed that the radiolabeling yields of the synthesized ZnPc and ZnPc‐TiO2 with 131I were quite high. In vitro uptake studies shown that 131I‐ZnPc‐TiO2 could be a potential agent for nuclear imaging/treatment of breast and cervical cancers. According to PDT results, ZnPc‐TiO2 might have as to be a potential PDT agent in the treatment of cervical tumor. ZnPc and ZnPc‐TiO2 might be used as theranostic agents.
Development of Gender Typicality and Felt Pressure in European French and North African French Adolescents
Authors: Hoffman Adam J. , Dumas Florence , Loose Florence , Smeding Annique , Kurtz‐Costes Beth , Régner Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

Trajectories of gender identity were examined from Grade 6 (Mage = 11.9 years) to Grade 9 in European French (n = 570) and North African French (n = 534) adolescents, and gender and ethnic group differences were assessed in these trajectories. In Grade 6, boys of both ethnic groups reported higher levels of gender typicality and felt pressure for gender conformity than girls. European French girls and boys and North African French girls reported decreasing gender typicality from Grade 6 to Grade 9, whereas North African French boys did not change. Felt pressure decreased among girls, did not change in European French boys, and increased in North African French boys. Ethnic and gender differences in gender identity development are discussed.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Pseudohypoparathyroidism in the Chinese population
Authors: Chu Xueying , Zhu Yan , Wang Ou , Nie Min , Quan Tingting , Xue Yu , Wang Wenbo , Jiang Yan , Li Mei , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundPseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is caused by mutations and epimutations in the GNAS locus, and characterized by the possibility of resistance to multiple hormones and Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. PHP can be classified into the forms 1A/C, sporadic 1B and familial 1B.ObjectivesTo obtain an overall view of the clinical and genetic characteristics of the Chinese PHP patient population.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2016, 120 patients were recruited and studied using Sanger sequencing, methylation‐specific multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). Of these patients, 104 had positive molecular alterations indicative of certain forms of PHP and were included in data analysis. Clinical and laboratory features were compared between PHP1A/C and PHP1B patients.ResultsTen PHP1A/C, 21 familial PHP1B and 73 sporadic PHP1B patients were identified. Four novel GNAS mutations were discovered in these patients, including c.1038+1G>T, c.530+2T>C, c.880_883delCAAG and c.311_312delAAG, insT. The most common symptoms in this series were recurrent tetany (89.4%) and epilepsy (47.1%). The prevalence of weight excess increased with age for PHP1B (10%‐35%) and PHP1A/C (50%‐75%). Intracranial calcification had a prevalence of 94.6% and correlated with seizures (r = .227, P = .029). Cataracts occurred in 56.2% PHP patients, and there was a trend towards longer disease duration in patients with cataracts (P = .051). Statistically significant differences (P < .05) were observed when comparing certain clinical characteristics between PHP1B and PHP1A/C patients, including age of onset (10 vs 7 year), short stature (21.3% vs 70%), rounded face (60.6% vs 100%), brachydactyly (25.5% vs 100%), ectopic ossification (1.1% vs 40%) and TSH resistance (44.6% vs 90%), respectively.ConclusionsThis study is the largest single‐centre series of PHP patients and summarizes the clinical and genetic features of the Chinese PHP population. While there was substantial clinical overlap between PHP1A/C and PHP1B, differences in disease progression were observed.
Inhibitory activity towards human α‐amylase in wheat flour and gluten
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , Gagnon Fleur 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWheat α‐amylase inhibitors (AI) have been targeted as potential triggers of noncoeliac gluten or wheat sensitivity (NCGS). The aim of this study was to determine AI activity towards α‐amylase from human source in wheat cultivars. Contrary to barley, buckwheat, or oats, high level of AI activity was found in wheat and, to a lesser extent, rye. AI activity (mean IC50 = 137 μg mL−1) did not vary with respect to ancient or recently developed wheat cultivars. Vital wheat gluten had very high and heat‐stable AI activity (mean IC50 = 23 μg mL−1), higher than wheat starch (˃10 000 μg mL−1) or acarbose (40 μg mL−1), a medication for the management of hyperglycaemia and potentially causing digestive disorders due to the accumulation of undigested carbohydrates in the intestine. Data suggest that eating raw wheat gluten, flour or dough could pose a health risk.
Mineral equilibria constraints on open‐system melting in metamafic compositions
Authors: Stuck Tristan J. , Diener Johann F. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe recent development of activity–composition relations for mineral and melt phases in high‐grade metamafic rocks allows mineral equilibria tools to be used to further aid our understanding of partial melting and the mineralogical consequences of melt segregation in these rocks. We show that bulk compositional data from natural amphibolites cover a wide compositional range, with particular variability in the content and ratios of Ca, Na and K indicating that low‐grade metasomatic alteration can substantially alter the igneous protolith chemistry and potentially affect the volume and composition of melt generated. Mineral equilibria calculations for five samples that span the compositional variability in our data set indicate that melting occurs primarily via the fluid‐absent breakdown of amphibole+quartz to produce a pressure‐sensitive peritectic assemblage of augite, orthopyroxene and/or garnet. The introduction of orthopyroxene at the onset of the amphibolite‐to‐granulite‐facies transition at lower pressure results in an increased rate of melt production until quartz is typically exhausted, and this is similarly seen for the introduction of garnet at higher pressure. Calculated melt compositions are dependent on the protolith composition, but initial solidus melting and biotite breakdown produce 1–3 mol.% of K‐rich granitic melts. As hornblende melting proceeds, 15–20 vol.% of either more granodioritic‐to‐tonalitic or granodioritic‐to‐trondhjemitic melt is produced. Once quartz is exhausted, intermediate to mafic melt compositions are produced at ultrahigh‐temperature conditions. Quartz‐rich lithologies with high Ca coupled to low Na and K are the most fertile under orogenic conditions, yielding up to 25 mol.% of sub‐alkalic granitic melt by 850°C. Such rocks did not experience significant subsolidus alteration. Altered compositions with low Ca and elevated Na and K are not as fertile, yielding less than 15 mol.% of alkalic granitic melt by 850°C. These melt volumes are enough to be segregated, and can make a contribution to granite magmatism and intracrustal differentiation that should not be overlooked.
Mechanistic contributions of FBXO7 to Parkinson disease
Authors: Joseph Sabitha , Schulz Jörg Bernhard , Stegmüller Judith 
Published: November 2017

AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is, without doubt, a burden on modern society as the prevalence increases significantly with age. Owing to this growing number of PD cases, it is more critical than ever to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD to identify therapeutic targets. The discovery of genetic mutations associated with PD and parkinsonism paves the way toward this goal. Even though, familial forms of the disease represent the minority of PD cases and some forms are so rare that there are only a few affected families, the research on the associated genes is invaluable. Recent additions to PARK mutations are those in PARK15 that encodes the F‐box protein O‐type 7 (FBXO7). In this review, we highlight the recent research on FBXO7, which advances our knowledge of the etiopathological pathways and fills unexpected gaps therein, justifying the dedicated study of rare variants of PD.
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School Climate and College Attendance for Black Adolescents: Moving Beyond College‐Going Culture
Authors: Minor Kelly A. , Benner Aprile D. 
Published: November 2017

Understanding how contexts promote positive educational outcomes is a critical objective of adolescent research. This study provides support for the established link between school climate and educational outcomes and expands our understanding of this association by examining multiple aspects of school climate in a sample of Black adolescents in the United States (N = 1,740). Data were drawn from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, and multinomial logistic regression and multiple group modeling in a structural equation modeling framework revealed that Black high school students’ perceptions of school safety, school liking, and academic press were associated with enrollment in higher education. Null moderation results suggest that these facets of school climate operate similarly for all students regardless of their gender or socioeconomic status.
In ovo feeding of nutrients and its impact on post‐hatching water and feed deprivation up to 48 hr, energy status and jejunal morphology of chicks using response surface models
Authors: Ghanaatparast‐Rashti M. , Mottaghitalab M. , Ahmadi H. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryA Box–Behnken design (BBD) in a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the response of broiler chicks to in ovo feeding (IOF) of beta‐hydroxy beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB), dextrin and the timing of the first water and feed deprivation. On day 18th of incubation, 1,500 eggs were randomly assigned to 15 experimental runs of BBD, each with 4 replicates, as 3 levels IOF of HMB (0%, 0.5% and 1%) and dextrin (0%, 20% and 40%), and 3 levels of the first water and feed deprivation (6, 27 and 48 hr). Day‐old chicks from each replicate were then used to assess the effect of IOF and time first water and feed access on chick's responses. The IOF of dextrin leads to respectively 9.7%–15.5% lower hatchability for 20% and 40% inclusion (p < .05), whereas HMB inclusion appeared with no effect on hatchability (p > .05). Administration of dextrin or HMB into the amnion of embryos elevated length, width and surface area of villus, and increased glycogen content of liver and breast (p < .05). In all parameter models, the linear terms showed highest contribution (R2 = 0.81–0.97) to explain existing variation in chick's responses. The first water and feed deprivation had largest effect on BW2 and glycogen content of liver and breast. It is concluded that if possible, place chicks before 7 hr of hatch to preserve BW loss and have maximum response from IOF. If not possible, use IOF with 40% dextrin + 0.5% HMB to preserve gut integrity and energy status up to 48 hr. This should give advantage to chicks to recover fast after feeding, but that would have to be confirmed by trials growing birds to slaughter age.
The biomechanical construction of the horse's body and activity patterns of three important muscles of the trunk in the walk, trot and canter
Authors: Kienapfel K. , Preuschoft H. , Wulf A. , Wagner H. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe activity patterns of trunk muscles are commonly neglected, in spite of their importance for maintaining body shape. Analysis of the biomechanics of the trunk under static conditions has led to predictions of the activity patterns. These hypotheses are tested experimentally by surface electromyography (EMG). Five horses, with and without a rider, were examined in the walk, trot and canter. Footfall was synchronised with EMG by an accelerometer. Averages of ten consecutive cycles were calculated and compared by statistical methods. The start and stop times of the muscle activities of 5–10 undisturbed EMG plots were determined and the averages and standard deviations calculated. In walking, muscle activities are minor. Electromyography (EMG) activity was increased in the m. rectus during the three‐limb support. When the bending moments assume their greatest values, for example while the horses' mass is accelerated upward (two times earth acceleration) in the diagonal support phases in trot and canter the m. rectus, connecting the sternum with the pubic bone is most active. The m. obl. externus is most active when the torsional and bending moments are greatest during the same support phases, but not bilaterally, because the forces exerted on one side by the (recorded) m. obl. externus are transmitted on the other side by the (not recorded) m. obl. internus. While the hindlegs touch the ground in the trot and canter, ground reaction forces tend to flex the hip joint and the lumbar spine. Therefore, the vertebral column needs to be stabilised by the ipsilateral m. longissimus dorsi, which in fact can be observed. As a whole, our EMG data confirm exactly what has been predicted by theoretical analysis.
Reliability of CT measurement of induced radioulnar step in dogs using a circle superimposition technique
Authors: Burton N. J. , Meakin L. , Hosworth A. , Parsons K. J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability of CT measurement of canine elbow axial radioulnar congruence using a duplicated circle superimposition technique.Materials and MethodsCT of six cadaveric canine elbows was performed following either: (1) placement of an external fixator on the radius with ostectomy and radial shortening of 1 to 5 mm; (2) radial lengthening of 1 to 5 mm using a radial lengthening system; or, (3) no axial length adjustment. Four observers, on two occasions, blinded to the amount of radial adjustment, placed a circle of best fit of the ulnar trochlear notch on a sagittal image that was duplicated and transposed to the articular contour of the radial head; then the axial distance between circles relative to the dorsal radius was measured. Statistical analysis assessed differences between actual and observer‐assessed radial length adjustment; inter−/intra‐observer interclass correlation coefficients and sensitivity/specificity were calculated to evaluate measurement reliability.ResultsThere was not a significant difference between actual and observer measures of radioulnar congruence. Inter‐ (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.98) and intra‐observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.94 to 0.99) were almost perfect for measurement of radioulnar incongruence when compared to the actual radial adjustment. A Bland–Altman plot revealed a 95% confidence interval range of −1.31 to 1.16 mm. Sensitivity and specificity were high for correct identification of congruent elbows and elbows with 1 or 2 mm incongruency.Clinical SignificanceThe duplicated circle superimposition technique provides a simple and accurate means of assessing radioulnar axial incongruence.
Innovative technologies for point‐of‐care testing of viral hepatitis in low‐resource and decentralized settings
Authors: Duchesne L. , Lacombe K. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAccording to the Global Burden of Diseases, chronic viral hepatitis B and C are one of the most challenging global health conditions that rank among the first causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low‐ and middle‐income countries are particularly affected by the health burden associated with HBV or HCV infection. One major gap in efficiently addressing the issue of viral hepatitis is universal screening. However, the costs and chronic lack of human resources for using traditional screening strategies based on serology and molecular biology preclude any scaling‐up. Point‐of‐care tests have been deemed a powerful potential solution to fill the current diagnostics gap in low‐resource and decentralized settings. Despite high interest resulting from their development in recent years, very few point‐of‐care devices have reached the market. Scaling down and automating all testing steps in 1 single device (eg, sample preparation, detection and readout) is indeed challenging. But innovations in multiple disciplines such as nanotechnologies, microfluidics, biosensors and synthetic biology have led to the creation of chip‐sized laboratory systems called “lab‐on‐a‐chip” devices. This review aims to explain how these innovations can overcome technological barriers that usually arise for each testing step while developing integrated point‐of‐care tests. Point‐of‐care test prototypes rarely meet the requirements for mass production, which also hinders their large‐scale production. In addition to logistical hurdles, legal and economic constraints specific to the commercialization of in vitro diagnostics, which have also participated in the low transfer of innovative point‐of‐care tests to the field, are discussed.
Temporal genetic patterns of diversity and structure evidence chaotic genetic patchiness in a spiny lobster
Authors: Villacorta‐Rath Cecilia , Souza Carla A. , Murphy Nicholas P. , Green Bridget S. , Gardner Caleb , Strugnell Jan M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPopulation structure of many marine organisms is spatially patchy and varies within and between years, a phenomenon defined as chaotic genetic patchiness. This results from the combination of planktonic larval dispersal and environmental stochasticity. Additionally, in species with bi‐partite life, postsettlement selection can magnify these genetic differences. The high fecundity (up to 500,000 eggs annually) and protracted larval duration (12–24 months) and dispersal of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, make it a good test species for chaotic genetic patchiness and selection during early benthic life. Here, we used double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate chaotic genetic patchiness and postsettlement selection in this species. We assessed differences in genetic structure and diversity of recently settled pueruli across four settlement years and between two sites in southeast Australia separated by approximately 1,000 km. Postsettlement selection was investigated by identifying loci under putative positive selection between recently settled pueruli and postpueruli and quantifying differences in the magnitude and strength of the selection at each year and site. Genetic differences within and among sites through time in neutral SNP markers indicated chaotic genetic patchiness. Recently settled puerulus at the southernmost site exhibited lower genetic diversity during years of low puerulus catches, further supporting this hypothesis. Finally, analyses of outlier SNPs detected fluctuations in the magnitude and strength of the markers putatively under positive selection over space and time. One locus under putative positive selection was consistent at both locations during the same years, suggesting the existence of weak postsettlement selection.