bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An LPS based method to stimulate the inflammatory response in growing rabbits
Authors: Knudsen C. , Combes S. , Mousavikhorshidi H. , Oswald I. , Gidenne T. Noël 
Published: March 2016

<p>Reliable indicators are needed to study the relationship between the inflammatory response of the growing rabbit and breeding factors such as feeding practices. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the inflammatory response is a valid model of bacterial infection in laboratory animals, but no data on the growing rabbit has yet been obtained. The aim of our study was to determine an adequate dose of LPS to inject in growing rabbits in order to elicit a measurable inflammatory response in terms of plasmatic TNF-α and rise in rectal temperature. Three trials were carried out in this study: 2 development trials, the first (n=18) testing 3 doses of LPS (2, 10, 50 μg/kg) on the plasmatic TNF-α concentration at 90 and 180 min post injection, and the second trial (n=36) testing 4 doses of LPS (50, 75, 100 and 150 μg/kg) on the TNF-α concentration 90 min post injection and the rectal temperature. The third trial was designed as an application of the method in a large number of animals (n=32) to study the effect of feed restriction and dietary increase in digestible fibre to starch ratio on the LPS inflammatory challenge response of growing rabbits. In development trials 1 and 2, animals had measurable TNF-α responses for doses higher than 10 μg/kg at 90 min post injection, with an increase in the number of responsive animals along with the dose. High variability was observed in TNF-α concentrations in responsive animals (coefficient of variation from 44 to 94%). Animals demonstrated an increase in rectal temperature for all doses injected in the range of 50-150 μg/kg from 90 min post injection with a peak at 180 min (Δ<sub>Tr </sub>=1.9±0.7°C). Our observations led us to choose a dose of 100 μg/kg of LPS for our following studies, as the responses in terms of temperature and TNF-α were the most satisfactory. The application of our LPS injection protocol to our nutritional study enabled us to validate our protocol (Δ<sub>Tr </sub>=1.1±0.7°C at 180 min and 15/32 TNF-α responsive animals) even though we were not able to demonstrate any effect of the feeding level or diet on the inflammatory response to an LPS injection.</p><p> </p>
Introduction: Globalization and Race in World Capitalism
Authors: Robinson William I. 
Published: March 2016

Scholars of world-systems and global political economy have wrestled for decades with the genesis of 'race' as a social construct and its historical significance for the system of world capitalism. Transformations in the world capitalist system pose a new challenge to Western theories of race. Older colonial structures may be giving way in the face of capitalist globalization. Racial or ethnic dimensions of the relations of exploitation in the capitalist world-system need to be reconceptualized. This symposium aims to generated debate and interchange among scholars on such a reconceptualization and to contribute to real world struggles against racial inequities.
Genocide, Race, Capitalism: Synopsis of Formation within the Modern World-system
Authors: Fenelon James V. 
Published: March 2016

This article reviews and synpsizes race-based slavery and genocide extant across the Americas for a half millennia of colonial capitalist development, and identifies four major phases; conquest, colonization, capitalism, and hegemonic global capitalism. Examples of genocide are presented for each phase, and differences between Catholic driven Latin America conquest and Protestant driven Anglo American genocidal domination are delineated and put into thelongue durée of the modern world-system.
Academic Alchemy: the Fundamentum Scienciae Nobilissimae Secretorum Naturae of Adam of Bochyń
Authors: Rec Agnieszka 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Alchemy was never taught at any medieval or early modern university, yet there is evidence of interest in the art among students and professors throughout Europe. Studies of academic alchemy have generally focused on the interests of individuals rather than examining communities of university alchemists. At the turn of the fifteenth century, the University of Cracow hosted a larger community of practitioners than previously acknowledged. This article presents a discussion, edition, and translation of a text that came out of that community: the Fundamentum scienciae nobilissimae secretorum naturae, written by Adam of Bochyń in 1489 while a student at the University of Cracow. In Adam's day, the university was experiencing an exceptionally vibrant moment in the sciences, particularly astronomy. Editing Adam's text will lay the groundwork for further studies of Cracow's alchemical community, studies that will change our understanding of the university's scientific flourishing as well as of the geography of central European alchemy, which has been dominated in the scholarship by Rudolf II's Prague.
Culture Warrior: A Response to Michael Ostling's Review Essay on The Realities of Witchcraft and Popular Magic in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Bever Edward 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
In this note, the author of The Realities of Witchcraft and Popular Magic in Early Modern Europe responds to Michael Ostling's critique of the book in his review essay “Secondary Elaborations: Realities and the Rationalization of Witchcraft” (Preternature 4, no. 2 [2015]: 203–10). Since Ostling presents the problems he sees with the book as consequences of motives he attributes to the author, this note first assesses these attributions, then analyzes a sample of criticisms of specific passages. Finally, this note presents a major point of the book that Ostling's review overlooks, and relates that point to the problems identified in his attribution of motives, evaluation of issues, and appreciation of the methodology the book employs.
Double-layer anisotropic light diffusion films fabricated using a two-step UV curing technique
Authors: Kusama Kentaro , Ishinabe Takahiro , Katagiri Baku , Orui Tomoo , Shoshi Satoru , Fujikake Hideo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We developed a novel light diffusion film with a double diffusion layer structure for high reflectivity and a wide diffusion angle range. We demonstrated that the internal layer structure of the light diffusion film is controlled by the diffusion angle of the ultraviolet (UV) light used for photopolymerization. We successfully fabricated two different diffusion layers in a single polymer film using a two-step UV curing process and achieved a wide diffusion angle range and high reflectivity normal to the film surface. Our light diffusion film can control the distribution of diffused light, and should contribute to the development of future low-power reflective displays with high reflectivity similar to the white paper.
Miniaturized ascorbic acid fuel cells with flexible electrodes made of graphene-coated carbon fiber cloth
Authors: Hoshi Kazuki , Muramatsu Kazuo , Sumi Hisato , Nishioka Yasushiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is a biologically friendly compound and exists in many products such as sports drinks, fruit, and even in human blood. Thus, a miniaturized and flexible ascorbic acid fuel cell (AAFC) is expected be a power source for portable or implantable electric devices. In this study, we fabricated an AAFC with anode and cathode dimensions of 3 × 10 mm2 made of a graphene-coated carbon fiber cloth (GCFC) and found that GCFC electrodes significantly improve the power generated by the AAFC. This is because the GCFC has more than two times the effective surface area of a conventional carbon fiber cloth and it can contain more enzymes. The power density of the AAFC in a phosphate buffer solution containing 100 mM AA at room temperature was 34.1 µW/cm2 at 0.46 V. Technical issues in applying the AAFC to portable devices are also discussed.
Analysis on partial thermal resistances of packaged SiC schottky barrier diodes at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kim Taehwa , Funaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates the temperature dependence of partial thermal resistances of a packaged SiC schottky barrier diode (SBD) for high temperature applications. Transient thermal resistances of the packaged SiC SBD were measured and characterized in temperature range from 27 to 275 °C. The partial thermal resistances were extracted and analyzed using the cumulative and differential thermal structure functions. The extracted partial thermal resistances were compared to the results from the finite difference thermal model, and both results were in good agreement. The temperature dependence of the partial thermal resistance of the SiC device and the Si3N4 substrate contributes to the overall thermal characteristics variation of the packaged SiC SBD.
Formation of amorphous silicon passivation films with high stability against postannealing, air exposure, and light soaking using liquid silicon
Authors: Guo Cheng , Ohdaira Keisuke , Takagishi Hideyuki , Masuda Takashi , Shen Zhongrong , Shimoda Tatsuya 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We applied liquid-source vapor deposition (LVD), thermal CVD from the vapor of cyclopentasilane (CPS), to form amorphous silicon (a-Si) passivation films on crystalline Si (c-Si) wafers, and investigated the thermal stability of the films against postannealing. LVD a-Si passivation films showed a high initial effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) of >300 µs and a higher thermal stability than a reference plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited (PECVD) sample. The high thermal stability of LVD a-Si passivation films may be attributed to the considerably high deposition temperature of the films at 360 °C or more. LVD a-Si passivation films were sufficiently stable also against air exposure and 1-sun light soaking. We also confirmed that the epitaxial growth of Si films does not occur on c-Si even at such high deposition temperatures, and LVD could realize the simultaneous deposition of a-Si films on both sides of a c-Si wafer.
Evaluation of transport conditions for autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for therapeutic application in horses
Authors: Espina Miguel , Jülke Henriette , Brehm Walter , Ribitsch Iris , Winter Karsten , Delling Uta 
Published: March 2016

Background.Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used for clinical applications in equine patients. For MSC isolation and expansion, a laboratory step is mandatory, after which the cells are sent back to the attending veterinarian. Preserving the biological properties of MSCs during this transport is paramount. The goal of the study was to compare transport-related parameters (transport container, media, temperature, time, cell concentration) that potentially influence characteristics of culture expanded equine MSCs.Methods.The study was arranged in three parts comparing (I) five different transport containers (cryotube, two types of plastic syringes, glass syringe, CellSeal), (II) seven different transport media, four temperatures (4 °C vs. room temperature; −20 °C vs. −80 °C), four time frames (24 h vs. 48 h; 48 h vs. 72 h), and (III) three MSC concentrations (5 × 106, 10 × 106, 20 × 106MSC/ml). Cell viability (Trypan Blue exclusion; percent and total number viable cell), proliferation and trilineage differentiation capacity were assessed for each test condition. Further, the recovered volume of the suspension was determined in part I. Each condition was evaluated using samples of six horses (n= 6) and differentiation protocols were performed in duplicates.Results.In part I of the study, no significant differences in any of the parameters were found when comparing transport containers at room temperature. The glass syringe was selected for all subsequent evaluations (highest recoverable volume of cell suspension and cell viability). In part II, media, temperatures, or time frames had also no significant influence on cell viability, likely due to the large number of comparisons and small sample size. Highest cell viability was observed using autologous bone marrow supernatant as transport medium, and “transport” at 4 °C for 24 h (70.6% vs. control group 75.3%); this was not significant. Contrary, viability was unacceptably low (<40%) for all freezing protocols at −20 °C or −80 °C, particularly with bone marrow supernatant or plasma and DMSO. In part III, various cell concentrations also had no significant influence on any of the evaluated parameters. Chondrogenic differentiation showed a trend towards being decreased for all transport conditions, compared to control cells.Discussion.In this study, transport conditions were not found to impact viability, proliferation or ability for trilineage differentiation of MSCs, most likely due to the small sample size and large number of comparisons. The unusual low viability after all freezing protocols is in contrast to previous equine studies. Potential causes are differences in the freezing, but also in thawing method. Also, the selected container (glass syringe) may have impacted viability. Future research may be warranted into the possibly negative effect of transport on chondrogenic differentiation.
Psychometric properties of the Greek TCI-R and its clinical correlates: schizotypy and the self-regulation of affective and cognitive functioning
Authors: Giakoumaki Stella G. , Karagiannopoulou Leda , Rózsa Sándor , Zouraraki Chrysoula , Karamaouna Penny , Cloninger C. Robert 
Published: March 2016

Background.The revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) measures Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality. The average effects of individual temperament and character traits have been associated with schizotypy and with impaired regulation of affect and cognition. We extended prior research by testing predictions about the association of specific multidimensional configurations of temperament and character traits on schizotypy, affect balance, and self-perceived cognitive functioning.Method.A well-educated sample of native Greeks (N= 483), completed a new Greek translation of the TCI-R, as well as the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), the Positive/Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). The factor structure of the TCI-R was examined with exploratory and confirmatory tests. Associations between reported measures were examined with correlational and regression analyses.Results.The TCI-R had good psychometric properties as expected from studies in other countries. As predicted, specific configurations of temperament and character were associated with schizotypy, negative affect balance, and cognitive lapses. The “Borderline/Explosive temperament” (high Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance, low Reward Dependence), “Schizotypal/Disorganized character” (low Self-directedness, low Cooperativeness, high Self-transcendence), and “Low Ego Strength/Fragile” profile (high Harm Avoidance, low Persistence, low Self-Directedness) were each strongly associated with higher stereotypy, negative affect balance (low positive affect and high negative affect), and subjective cognitive lapses compared to their contrast groups.Discussion.Multidimensional TCI profiles are strongly related to individual differences in schizotypy and self-reported regulation of affect and cognition. The Greek translation of the TCI-R is psychometrically sound and useful for clinical assessment and research.
Crystal structure and molecular mechanism of an aspartate/glutamate racemase from Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Liu Xiuhua , Gao Fei , Ma Yinliang , Liu Shuang , Cui Yaqi , Yuan Zenglin , Kang Xianjiang 
Published: March 2016

EcL‐DER, the aspartate/glutamate racemase from the pathogen Escherichia coli O157, exhibits racemase activity for l‐aspartate and l‐glutamate. This study reports the crystal structures of apo‐EcL‐DER, the EcL‐DER‐l‐aspartate and the EcL‐DER‐d‐aspartate complexes. The EcL‐DER structure contains two domains, forming pseudo‐mirror symmetry in the active site. A unique catalytic pair consisting of Thr83 and Cys197 exists in the active site. The characteristic conformations of l‐Asp and d‐Asp in the active site provide a straight structural evidence for the racemization mechanism of EcL‐DER. In addition, the diversity of catalytic pairs implies that PLP‐independent amino acid racemases adopt various catalytic mechanisms and are classified into different subgroups.
Hydrologic modeling in dynamic catchments: A data assimilation approach
Authors: Pathiraja S. , Marshall L. , Sharma A. , Moradkhani H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe transferability of conceptual hydrologic models in time is often limited by both their structural deficiencies and adopted parameterizations. Adopting a stationary set of model parameters ignores biases introduced by the data used to derive them, as well as any future changes to catchment conditions. Although time invariance of model parameters is one of the hallmarks of a high quality hydrologic model, very few (if any) models can achieve this due to their inherent limitations. It is therefore proposed to consider parameters as potentially time varying quantities, which can evolve according to signals in hydrologic observations. In this paper, we investigate the potential for Data Assimilation (DA) to detect known temporal patterns in model parameters from streamflow observations. It is shown that the success of the DA algorithm is strongly dependent on the method used to generate background (or prior) parameter ensembles (also referred to as the parameter evolution model). A range of traditional parameter evolution techniques are considered and found to be problematic when multiple parameters with complex time variations are estimated simultaneously. Two alternative methods are proposed, the first is a Multilayer approach that uses the EnKF to estimate hyperparameters of the temporal structure, based on apriori knowledge of the form of nonstationarity. The second is a Locally Linear approach that uses local linear estimation and requires no assumptions of the form of parameter nonstationarity. Both are shown to provide superior results in a range of synthetic case studies, when compared to traditional parameter evolution techniques.
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Authors: Baugh Eboni J. , Taylor Alan C. , Bates James S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Grandparents can become primary caregivers due to a wide range of reasons and circumstances. This entry addresses the factors for grandparents raising their grandchildren, discussing who is included in this portion of the population, the challenges that they face, theories of grandfamilies, and their strengths.
Efficient Discrimination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Using Oligonucleotides Modified with C5‐Pyrene‐Functionalized DNA and Flanking Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Monomers
Authors: Kaura Mamta , Hrdlicka Patrick J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOligodeoxyribonucleotides modified with 5‐[3‐(1‐pyrenecarboxamido)propynyl]‐2′‐deoxyuridine monomer X and proximal LNA monomers display higher affinity for complementary DNA, more pronounced increases in fluorescence emission upon DNA binding, and improved discrimination of SNPs at non‐stringent conditions, relative to the corresponding LNA‐free probes across a range of sequence contexts. The results reported herein suggest that the introduction of LNA monomers influences the position of nearby fluorophores via indirect conformational restriction, a characteristic that can be utilized to develop optimized fluorophore‐labeled probes for SNP‐discrimination studies.
A Rare and Exclusive Endoperoxide Photoproduct Derived from a Thiacalix[4]arene Crown‐Shaped Derivative Bearing a 9,10‐Substituted Anthracene Moiety
Authors: Zhao Jiang‐Lin , Wu Chong , Tomiyasu Hirotsugu , Zeng Xi , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA rare and exclusive endoperoxide photoproduct was quantitatively obtained from a thiacalix[4]arene crown‐shaped derivative upon irradiation at λ=365 nm; the structure was unambiguously confirmed by 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The prerequisites for the formation of the endoperoxide photoproduct have also been discussed. Furthermore, the photochemical reaction rate could be greatly enhanced in the presence of the thiacalix[4]arene platform because it served as a host to capture oxygen.
Topological DNA Assemblies Containing Identical or Fraternal Twins
Authors: Wu Zai‐Sheng , Shen Zhifa , Tram Kha , Salena Bruno J. , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDNA catenanes are assemblies made up of two or more DNA rings linked together through mechanical bonds, and they are desirable for engineering unique nanoscale devices. However, current methods of synthesizing DNA catenanes rely on the formation of strong linking duplexes between component units to enable interlocking and thus do not permit the synthesis of complex single‐stranded DNA structures with freely functioning units. We have recently reported DNA sequences that can thread through a DNA circle without the formation of a linking duplex. Here we show that these unique DNA molecules can be further used to make intricate symmetric or asymmetric DNA [3]catenanes, single‐stranded DNA assemblies made up of a central mother ring interlocked to two identical or fraternal twin daughter rings, which have never been reported before. These addressable freely functioning interlocked DNA rings should facilitate the design of elaborate nanoscale machines based on DNA.
Dynamic Chemistry of Disulfide Terminated Oligonucleotides in Duplexes and Double‐Crossover Tiles
Authors: De Stefano Mattia , Vesterager Gothelf Kurt 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDesigned nanostructures formed by self‐assembly of multiple DNA strands suffer from low stability at elevated temperature and under other denaturing conditions. Here, we propose a method for covalent coupling of DNA strands in such structures by the formation of disulfide bonds; this allows disassembly of the structure under reducing conditions. The dynamic chemistry of disulfides and thiols was applied to crosslink DNA strands with terminal disulfide modifications. The formation of disulfide‐linked DNA duplexes consisting of three strands is demonstrated, as well as a more‐complex DNA double‐crossover tile. All the strands in the fully disulfide‐linked structures are covalently and geometrically interlocked, and it is demonstrated that the structures are stable under heating and in the presence of denaturants. Such a reversible system can be exploited in applications where higher DNA stability is needed only temporarily, such as delivery of cargoes to cells by DNA nanostructures.
Is it really “paradoxical” or just the ventricle?
Authors: Condado Jose F. , Block Peter C. 
Published: March 2016

Key Points

Patients with paradoxical low flow low gradient (PLFLG) aortic stenosis (AS) have favorable mid‐term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). These outcomes were comparable to those patients with high gradient AS (HGAS).
Clinicians should avoid delaying referral of patients with PLFLG AS for valve replacement for either surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or TAVR.
Further studies are need to understand the increased early mortality after TAVR in PLFLG AS compared to HGAS, and to determine whether improvements of TAVR procedural techniques can result in better outcomes.
The “open branch” technique: A new way to prevent paraplegia after total endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysm
Authors: Krajcer Zvonimir , Echeverria Angela 
Published: March 2016

Key Points

Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) has been one of the most concerning complications after surgical and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair
“Open Branch” is an innovative technique to reduce the incidence of SCI
Further studies in a larger number of patients with varying pathologies are needed to confirm the advantages of this technique