bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow Gas Drilling in North Safaniya, Saudi Arabia: Challenges, Lessons Learned & Recommendations
Authors: Alghamdi Magid A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Safaniya Field is the largest offshore oil field in the world. This field was discovered in 1951 and is located in the Saudi section of the Arabian Gulf. In recent years the importance of Safaniya field has increased due to oil demand and therefore the drilling of new wells has also risen. This field has been divided into three parts: North, Center and South. In the Northern section of this Field, shallow gas formations present a major concern for drilling operation. This gas flow from the shallow formation carries with it high volumes of abrasive sand production of varying sizes from small particles to boulders. This gas has also shown a tendency to bubble through the sea floor, which may result in the formation under the platform or the jacks of the offshore rig to subside and thus taking the risk of a catastrophe that will result in losses in facilities and life.
Other challenges include gas migration in the annulus due to reduction in the hydrostatic pressure (insufficient mud weight, mud losses …etc.) or bad cement isolation of the annulus between the casing and the open hole that will cause channeling in the cement.
This paper describes the challenges encountered in North Safaniya field. In addition, the paper will discuss the lessons learned and the best practices that have been applied. Finally the paper gives recommendations for minimizing and preventing future challenges to arise which include changing the casing design to a more optimum option that will provide more secure isolation of the troublesome formation.
A New Polymer System for Water Shutoff Application in Carbonate Formations
Authors: Almohsin Ayman , A-Nakhli Ayman , Badairy Hameed , Alabdrabalnabi Mohammed , Hung Jin , Bataweel Mohammed 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Excessive water production from hydrocarbon-producing wells can adversely affect the economic life of the well. It was estimated that an average 2.8 barrels of water is produced for each barrel of oil worldwide. Unwanted water production can unfavorably affect well economics owing to handling of the produced water, reduction of hydrocarbon production, and environmental concerns. Naturally, fluids tend to follow in paths of least resistance which, in reservoirs, are often created by the heterogeneous nature of the rock. There are two levels to this heterogeneity; primarily, microscale heterogeneity which could be represented as a simple porous feature distribution; and the second is macroscale heterogeneity which includes layering, natural or induced fractures, and high vertical and horizontal permeabilities. Together can lead to poor conformance and thus need to be corrected. If fractures for water path are in present, then they need to be plugged in order for producing wells to remain in operation.
Numerous chemical options are available for addressing excessive water problems. Most of these chemicals are more suitable for Sandstone formations rather than carbonate rocks. It is estimated that carbonate reservoirs restrain more than 60% of the remaining oil worldwide. The objective of this work is to investigate the efficiency recent developed chemical material for carbonate formation. This material presents an innovative technology for both fracture and Supper-K water shutoff agent.
An Integrated approach was applied to investigate the efficiency of a new polymer system (a novel adsorption system). A core flooding tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this chemical system using super-K, and fractured core. An analytical study, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray microanalysis techniques were applied to characterize untreated and chemically treated core plug samples.
The core flow testes indicate significant drops in water production of all high permeability, fractured and wormholed formation. When chemical treatments were placed, the polymer system was able to withstand the differential pressures and did not allow the flow of water in wormholed core, high permeability cores and fractured core. The ESEM results showed the presence of C-rich compounds filling fracture. This suggests that the chemical treatment of the core plug has resulted in some of the used polymer product blocking fractures and pores.
Case Studies of Hydraulic Wet Connect System for Pod ESP and Intelligent Completion Applications in Multilateral Wells
Authors: Dossary Khalid A. , Jacob Suresh , Muhaish AbduRazzaq , Shafiq Muhammad 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Saudi Aramco has installed over 64 hydraulic wet connect (HWC) tools to combine smart well completions (SWCs) with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) over the last 6 years. These completions are installed for remote inflow control in Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) and Multilateral (ML) wells in Saudi Arabia fields. This paper describes case studies of HWC completion options, design, and installations, including several successful replacements of ESP in such wells.
Intelligent completions were nearly started 15 years ago to provide selective zonal/lateral control, delay water breakthrough, control water production, shut-off wet zone/lateral, reduce operational expenditure (OPEX), enhance safety by minimize intervention, optimize production and/or enhance recovery.
The HWC system provides two main advantages. 1) The first advantage is to replace the ESP when required without the need of retrieving lower intelligent completions system, which saves both workover-rig time and ultimately cost. 2) The second advantage is to complete extended reach (ERD) with shallow TVD to install completions in two stages: The first stage is to install lower intelligent completion with receptacle and drill pipe to reach TD. The second stage is to install upper completion with stinger and tubing as per the design, and calculations of torque and drag to establish communications with lower intelligent completion.
In several wells, upper completions have been successfully recompleted with ESP. Therefore, the technology has proven its real value, especially in an offshore environment.
This paper will cover case histories, best practices, lessons learned and new advancement in HWC and related technologies.
Vivir la frontera. Prácticas sociales y culturales desde los márgenes
Authors: Winikor Wagner Mariana 
Published: July 2016

Los migrantes, en tanto ocupan una posición de subalternidad y vulnerabilidad en la sociedad de destino, pueden ser definidos como sujetos de análisis de los estudios culturales. Es desde este marco teórico, que indagaremos las prácticas sociales y culturales de los migrantes brasileños asentados en el nordeste de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Enfocaremos nuestra atención en analizar si estas prácticas son verdaderamente formas de resistir a la cultura dominante o simplemente constituyen formas de reproducción y naturalización de las mismas. A través de cuatro prácticas concretas (el portuñol, el brique, la compra-venta de mejoras y la ocupación espontánea de tierras privadas) llegaremos a la conclusión de que las mismas evidencian préstamos, concesiones, amalgamas, conflictos, subordinación y a la vez intersticios de creatividad con la cultura dominante. Demuestra el carácter relacional que posee la cultura popular para con la cultura hegemónica y su posición de subalternidad y de dominación.
Online Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment: Preliminary Results of the “OCD? Not Me!” Self-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Young People
Authors: Rees Clare Samantha , Anderson Rebecca Anne , Kane Robert Thomas , Finlay-Jones Amy Louise 
Published: July 2016

Background
The development and evaluation of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) interventions provides a potential solution for current limitations in the acceptability, availability, and accessibility of mental health care for young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Preliminary results support the effectiveness of therapist-assisted iCBT for young people with OCD; however, no previous studies have examined the effectiveness of completely self-guided iCBT for OCD in young people.

Objective
We aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of the OCD? Not Me! program for reducing OCD-related psychopathology in young people (12-18 years). This program is an eight-stage, completely self-guided iCBT treatment for OCD, which is based on exposure and response prevention.

Methods
These data were early and preliminary results of a longer study in which an open trial design is being used to evaluate the effectiveness of the OCD? Not Me! program. Participants were required to have at least subclinical levels of OCD to be offered the online program. Participants with moderate-high suicide/self-harm risk or symptoms of eating disorder or psychosis were not offered the program. OCD symptoms and severity were measured at pre- and posttest, and at the beginning of each stage of the program. Data was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models.

Results
A total of 334 people were screened for inclusion in the study, with 132 participants aged 12 to 18 years providing data for the final analysis. Participants showed significant reductions in OCD symptoms (P<.001) and severity (P<.001) between pre- and posttest.

Conclusions
These preliminary results suggest that fully automated iCBT holds promise as a way of increasing access to treatment for young people with OCD; however, further research needs to be conducted to replicate the results and to determine the feasibility of the program.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000152729; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363654 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/ 6iD7EDFqH)
Cardiomyopathy in a Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)
Authors: Brandão João , Reynolds Caryn A. , Beaufrère Hugues , Serio Jacqueline , Blair Robert V. , Gaschen Lorrie , Johnson James G. , Del Piero Fabio , Barker Steven A. , Nevarez Javier G. , Tully Thomas N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An adult sexually intact female Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) housed at a wildlife hospital was evaluated because of acute collapse during an educational exhibition.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination and hematologic analysis revealed no abnormalities; radiography revealed findings consistent with a previous tibiotarsal fracture. Coelioscopy with histologic examination and fungal culture of lung and air sac samples revealed anthracosis but no fungal infection. The hawk was discharged and temporarily removed from the education program; 1 month later, upon reintroduction into the program, it collapsed again. Physical examination and hematologic findings were similar to those after the first episode. Transcoelomic and transesophageal echocardiography and CT angiocardiography findings were consistent with cardiomyopathy.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Initial cardiac treatment included furosemide (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) and pimobendan (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h). After 10 days of treatment, peak and trough plasma concentrations of pimobendan were measured at 25, 196 and 715.97 ng/mL, respectively; the dosage was decreased to 0.25 mg/kg (0.11 mg/lb), PO, every 12 hours. No overt signs of toxicosis were detected. A sample was collected to reevaluate plasma pimobendan concentration after 30 days of treatment; results were not obtained prior to the patient's death but revealed a peak concentration of 16.8 ng/mL, with an undetectable trough concentration. The hawk was found dead 6 months after initial evaluation. Necropsy revealed cardiomegaly, but histologic examination did not reveal an inciting cause of cardiac dysfunction.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiac disease in raptors may be underreported. Transcoelomic and transesophageal echocardiography and CT angiography provided useful information for the diagnosis of cardiac disease in the hawk of this report.
Fenetheylline in the Middle East, a thriving trade in the post-Saddam era
Authors: Lutfi Ahmed M 
Published: July 2016

Aims and Objectives: To collect up-to-date knowledge using a systematic review of the literature and to get evidence-based data concerning Fenethylline, and its illegal commerce in the region of the Middle East after 2003.Materials and Methods: Four main medicalliterature databases were scrutinized using a list of pre-specified keywords. Additionally, social networks, and other resources were utilized to retrieve relevant data. The total number of references that were used in this paper is twenty-two.Results: The literature search was conducted from the 3rd of December to the 29th of December 2015. The search was done from Baghdad, Iraq via the Earth link-Telenet Internet Service Provider (ISP). The Total Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) were 463137. The highest SERPs were for the keywords “Amphetamine” and “Fitton.” Google Scholar and PubMed were the databases that scored the highest SERPs. Captagon is a dangerous psychoactive substance. Its production was officially stopped in the 1980s. Currently, Captagon, and counterfeit Captagonare being illegally produced in South-East Europe and trafficked to the region of the Middle East.Conclusion: In the post-Saddam era of the Middle East, this substance has been traded and distributed at an exponential rate. The main explanation is that the rise of this illegal commerce is related to the chaos and the lack of order in the regions of conflict and civil war in Syria and Iraq in particular.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 116-119
Prevalence of self-reported Type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated socio-economic-demographic factors among adults above 20 years in a residential area of Delhi
Authors: Devi Reeta , Kapoor Bimla , Singh M. Meghachandra 
Published: July 2016

Background: There is changing epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Few studies have reported prevalence of self reported diabetes in Delhi. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence of self–reported Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and find out its association with socio-economic-demographic factors among adults above 20 years in a residential area of Delhi. Materials and Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study done in a residential area of East Delhi. The subjects were identified by door to door survey based onavailable records and self-report. They were interviewed using a pre-tested interview schedule with items on socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find out associated factors with T2DM. Odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated. ‘p’ < 0.05 considered significant.Results: The self-reported prevalence of T2DM was 8.5% (461/5444) among 20 years andabove population. It was more in males (9.1%) than females (7.8%), highest (25%) in primary educated, least (7.3%) in graduates and above (p<0.001). Age-specific prevalence was maximum (22.4% in 60-69 years), least (0.2%) in 20-29 years (p<0.001). Occupation wise, maximum (19.2%) was in retired and least (0.7%) in unemployed (p<0.001). The associated factors were: age 50 years and above (OR 6.99, 95% CI 5.4-8.9), males (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.65), secondary education (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.84), unemployed (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.15-1.83), per capita per month income Indian Rupees (INR) 20001 and above (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10-1.75). Conclusion: Self-reported prevalence of T2DM was 8.5%, more among males, >50 years, retired, secondary educated and with per capita income per month of Rs 20001 and above. It is necessary to create awareness among the people to identify, manage and prevent T2DM.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 6-13
Knowledge Regarding Basic Life Support Among Nurses of a Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Shanti , Nagarkoti Liza 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Basic life support (BLS) is an emergency procedure that consists of recognizing an arrest and initiating proper cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques to maintain life until victims either recovers or is transported to medical facility where advanced life support are available. It is very important that all nurses know about basic life support to save lives of patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 nurses working in various intensive and high care units of our teaching hospital to assess their Knowledge on BLS. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for data collection for which self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used. Results: Majority (46%) of the respondents were between 20 to 25 years of age. 52% of respondents were of Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL), 36 % of bachelor of nursing (BN) and 12% Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.Sc Nursing). 36% respondents had working experience of 5-10 years and 6% of 10-15 years. All respondents had heard about BLS but 86% of them had never attended any BLS training. Most of the respondents (86 %) had seen CPR being done and more than half of the respondents (58%) had done CPR. 62% stated circulation, airway and breathing as the latest CPR sequence. 90% of the respondents said cardiac arrest is the indication of CPR. 66 % had inadequate knowledge, 32% had moderate knowledge while minority 2 % had adequate knowledge on Basic Life Support.Conclusion: Knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) among Nepalese nurses was inadequate in majority of cases. There was also no association between the knowledge and academic qualification or experience.
Apprendre par soi-même l’entrepreneuriat via un MOOC
Authors: Verzat Caroline , Jore Maxime , Toutain Olivier , Silberzahn Philippe 
Published: July 2016

Faut-il avoir un bon niveau initial pour persévérer dans un Mooc ? Et pour ceux qui l’ont terminé, constate-t-on une progression ? Cette double question concerne à la fois le niveau d’autonomie dans la conduite des apprentissages et le niveau des capacités entrepreneuriales. La recherche présente les résultats d’une enquête réalisée sur un Mooc portant sur l’effectuation. Elle montre que le Mooc fait progresser la perception d’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale quel que soit son niveau initial mais à condition de croire qu’on va réussir et d’y consacrer un temps suffisant.
Ansätze für einen Strukturwandel in der Schweizer Forstwirtschaft (Essay)
Authors: Bürgi Patric , Pauli Bernhard 
Published: July 2016

Approaches to structural change in the Swiss forest economy (essay)
Since the 1990s, Swiss forest enterprises are faced with significant economic challenges. One of the reasons is the structural characteristics of the enterprises. In many areas, the forest enterprises manage a rather small forest surface, which makes efficient management difficult. Often, the resources available are not adequate for the tasks, which forces the enterprises to keep functions in-house and, as a result, to use less productive methods. The structure of the forest enterprises should be adapted to make the best use of modern technologies, increase productivity, and thereby lower the costs of forest operations. The most important tools are a reduction in the share of in-house work and an increase in the size of management units. In addition, the goals of the enterprise, and the services it offers, must be seen in the context of entrepreneurial success. Successful structural change in the Swiss forest economy seems possible and feasible. To achieve change, clear strategic positioning is needed and, last but not least, a change in the attitudes of many actors in the sector.
Industrielles statt gewerbliches Denken ist gefordert (Essay)
Authors: Heinimann Hans Rudolf 
Published: July 2016

Industrial thinking has to replace craftsmanship thinking (essay)
By the beginning of the 1980s, the Swiss forestry sector lost its financial viability. Although operational forestry activities have been subsidized, the overall situation even worsened con sid erably since then. This poses the question whether there are ways out of this situation and if there are, which ones. The present contribution takes up the hypothesis that the Swiss forestry sector is still mainly based on craftsmanship thinking while successful forestry sectors of other countries have been following industrial thinking. The analysis results in the following theses: The difficulties of economic efficiency emerged in the 1960s, and sector-wide initiatives were launched to solve the problem, among which the 1975 master plan for a Swiss forest sector policy was of special importance. Industrial thinking is based on the following principles: 1) a systematic capitalization of economies of scale effects, 2) an integration of all production and distribution processes across owners and firms, 3) full mechanization of wood harvesting, and 4) rationalization of the biological production based on modern tree breeding methods. The intention of the present article is to contribute to a discussion which discards outworn patterns of thought, and which is honestly looking for viable, competitive solutions.
Für mehr Unternehmertum in den Forstbetrieben (Essay)
Authors: Hofer Peter 
Published: July 2016

In favour of more entrepreneurial spirit in forest management enterprises (essay)
Forest management structures are fit to face the future if they are underpinned by forest enterprises and forest contractors which are economically viable. However, as most forest enterprises are in the red, improvements are necessary. Instead of just covering the deficits, public authorities should transition to a system where they purchase defined services. The forest enterprises should continuously check the economic viability of their catalogue of services and revise it accordingly. Cooperation with forest contractors can often bring savings. The enlargement of managment units can also improve economic viability. In addition, forest enterprises should put their specific competences on the market for services. This will also stimulate improved performance.
A high-intensity intermittent-based running programme allows triathletes to reduce weekly running distances without impairing muscular performance and body composition
Authors: García-Pinillos Felipe , González-Fernández Francisco T. , Soto-Hermoso Víctor M. , Latorre-Román Pedro A. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Extensive evidence supports the benefits of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) for endurance athletes. Additionally, the importance of neuromuscular characteristics and body composition in determining running economy and, thereby running performance, have been widely documented. Previous studies performing HIIT interventions have focused on single sports, such as swimming, running or cycling, but not on multiple-event such as triathlon. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of a 5-week HIIT-based running programme on body composition and muscular performance parameters in triathletes. METHODS: Thirteen triathletes were matched into two groups, experimental group(EG) and control group (CG). The CG was asked to maintain their training routines, whilst the EG modified their running plans (HIIT-based) but maintained their swimming and cycling routines. Body composition, vertical jump, stretch-shortening cycle utilization (SSC) and sprint ability were performed before (pretest) and after (posttest) the intervention period. RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were found at pretest. At posttest, the EG obtained higher values in countermovement jump (p = 0.005, ES > 0.7) and SSC (p = 0.017, ES > 0.7), with lower times (p = 0.001, ES > 0.7) in sprint. Body composition parameters remained unchanged in both groups (p≥ 0.05, ES < 0.4). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results show that a HIIT-based running plan may induce improvements superior to the plan performed by the CG, in jumping, sprinting ability and SSC, without impairing body composition parameters. Thus, this study highlights the effectiveness of HIIT-based training programme for improving explosive muscular power and the rebound capabilities of the athletes.