bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluss von achtsamkeitsbasierten Interventionen auf Exekutive Funktionen im Kindesalter
Authors: Jansen Petra , Schulz Anja , Nottberg Carla 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. Exekutive Funktionen (EF) haben eine große Bedeutung in der kindlichen Entwicklung. Ziel der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit war es, bisherige Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von achtsamkeitsbasierten Methoden auf die Exekutiven Funktionen von Kindern systematisch zusammenzufassen. In einer entsprechenden Literaturrecherche wurden insgesamt 331 Studien zum Thema identifiziert. Nach Anwendung der Einschlusskriterien (Exekutive Funktionen als abhängige Variable, achtsamkeitsbasiertes Training als unabhängige Variable, Vorhandensein einer Kontrollgruppe, Alter der Kinder ≤ 13 Jahre) verblieben 10 Arbeiten. Die untersuchten Achtsamkeitstrainings waren sehr heterogen und häufig von den Forschern selbst entwickelt. Die meisten Studien verglichen Achtsamkeitstrainings mit nicht aktiven Kontrollgruppen (9/10) und führten kein Follow-up durch (9/10). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich Kinder durch ein Achtsamkeitstraining im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe in ihrer Aufmerksamkeitsleistung, Inhibitionsleistung, kognitiven Flexibilität und ihrem Arbeitsgedächtnis verbesserten. Es konnte vereinzelt ein Zusammenhang zwischen niedrigen Ausgangswerten in den EF und stärkeren Effekten der Trainingsprogramme nachgewiesen werden.
RIP1 autophosphorylation is promoted by mitochondrial ROS and is essential for RIP3 recruitment into necrosome
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Su Sheng Sean , Zhao Shubo , Yang Zhentao , Zhong Chuan-Qi , Chen Xin , Cai Qixu , Yang Zhang-Hua , Huang Deli , Wu Rui , Han Jiahuai 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNecroptosis is a type of programmed cell death with great significance in many pathological processes. Tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is a prototypic trigger of necroptosis. It is known that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote necroptosis, and that kinase activity of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is required for TNF-induced necroptosis. However, how ROS function and what RIP1 phosphorylates to promote necroptosis are largely unknown. Here we show that three crucial cysteines in RIP1 are required for sensing ROS, and ROS subsequently activates RIP1 autophosphorylation on serine residue 161 (S161). The major function of RIP1 kinase activity in TNF-induced necroptosis is to autophosphorylate S161. This specific phosphorylation then enables RIP1 to recruit RIP3 and form a functional necrosome, a central controller of necroptosis. Since ROS induction is known to require necrosomal RIP3, ROS therefore function in a positive feedback circuit that ensures effective induction of necroptosis.
Humans have already increased the risk of major disruptions to Pacific rainfall
Authors: Power Scott B. , Delage François P. D. , Chung Christine T. Y. , Ye Hua , Murphy Bradley F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntermittent disruptions to rainfall patterns and intensity over the Pacific Ocean lasting up to ∼ 1 year have major impacts on severe weather, agricultural production, ecosystems, and disease within the Pacific, and in many countries beyond. The frequency with which major disruptions to Pacific rainfall occur has been projected to increase over the 21st century, in response to global warming caused by large 21st century greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use the latest generation of climate models to show that humans may have contributed to the major disruption that occurred in the real world during the late 20th century. We demonstrate that although marked and sustained reductions in 21st century anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions can greatly moderate the likelihood of major disruption, elevated risk of occurrence appears locked in now, and for at least the remainder of the 21st century.
p190-B RhoGAP and intracellular cytokine signals balance hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation
Authors: Hinge Ashwini , Xu Juying , Javier Jose , Mose Eucabeth , Kumar Sachin , Kapur Reuben , Srour Edward F. , Malik Punam , Aronow Bruce J. , Filippi Marie-Dominique 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe mechanisms regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate choices remain ill-defined. Here, we show that a signalling network of p190-B RhoGAP-ROS-TGF-β-p38MAPK balances HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Upon transplantation, HSPCs express high amounts of bioactive TGF-β1 protein, which is associated with high levels of p38MAPK activity and loss of HSC self-renewal in vivo. Elevated levels of bioactive TGF-β1 are associated with asymmetric fate choice in vitro in single HSPCs via p38MAPK activity and this is correlated with the asymmetric distribution of activated p38MAPK. In contrast, loss of p190-B, a RhoGTPase inhibitor, normalizes TGF-β levels and p38MAPK activity in HSPCs and is correlated with increased HSC self-renewal in vivo. Loss of p190-B also promotes symmetric retention of multi-lineage capacity in single HSPC myeloid cell cultures, further suggesting a link between p190-B-RhoGAP and non-canonical TGF-β signalling in HSPC differentiation. Thus, intracellular cytokine signalling may serve as ‘fate determinants’ used by HSPCs to modulate their activity.
Electron–acoustic phonon coupling in single crystal CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites revealed by coherent acoustic phonons
Authors: Mante Pierre-Adrien , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Yartsev Arkady 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite the great amount of attention CH3NH3PbI3 has received for its solar cell application, intrinsic properties of this material are still largely unknown. Mobility of charges is a quintessential property in this aspect; however, there is still no clear understanding of electron transport, as reported values span over three orders of magnitude. Here we develop a method to measure the electron and hole deformation potentials using coherent acoustic phonons generated by femtosecond laser pulses. We apply this method to characterize a CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal. We measure the acoustic phonon properties and characterize electron-acoustic phonon scattering. Then, using the deformation potential theory, we calculate the carrier intrinsic mobility and compare it to the reported experimental and theoretical values. Our results reveal high electron and hole mobilities of 2,800 and 9,400 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Comparison with literature values of mobility demonstrates the potential role played by polarons in charge transport in CH3NH3PbI3.
LncRNA AK023948 is a positive regulator of AKT
Authors: Koirala Pratirodh , Huang Jianguo , Ho Tsui-Ting , Wu Fangting , Ding Xianfeng , Mo Yin-Yuan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite the overwhelming number of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reported so far, little is known about their physiological functions for the majority of them. The present study uses a CRISPR/Cas9-based synergistic activation mediator (SAM) system to identify potential lncRNAs capable of regulating AKT activity. Among lncRNAs identified from this screen, we demonstrate that AK023948 is a positive regulator for AKT. Knockout of AK023948 suppresses, whereas rescue with AK023948 restores the AKT activity. Mechanistically, AK023948 functionally interacts with DHX9 and p85. Importantly, AK023948 is required for the interaction between DHX9 and p85 to hence the p85 stability and promote AKT activity. Finally, AK023948 is upregulated in breast cancer; interrogation of TCGA data set indicates that upregulation of DHX9 in breast cancer is associated with poor survival. Together, this study demonstrates two previously uncharacterized factors AK023948 and DHX9 as important players in the AKT pathway, and that their upregulation may contribute to breast tumour progression.
Volumetric Spatial Correlations of Neurovascular Coupling Studied using Single Pulse Opto-fMRI
Authors: Christie Isabel N. , Wells Jack A. , Kasparov Sergey , Gourine Alexander V. , Lythgoe Mark F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNeurovascular coupling describes the link between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow. This relationship has been the subject of intense scrutiny, with most previous work seeking to understand temporal correlations that describe neurovascular coupling. However, to date, the study of spatial correlations has been limited to two-dimensional mapping of neuronal or vascular derived signals emanating from the brain’s surface, using optical imaging techniques. Here, we investigate spatial correlations of neurovascular coupling in three dimensions, by applying a single 10 ms pulse of light to trigger optogenetic activation of cortical neurons transduced to express channelrhodopsin2, with concurrent fMRI. We estimated the spatial extent of increased neuronal activity using a model that takes into the account the scattering and absorption of blue light in brain tissue together with the relative density of channelrhodopsin2 expression across cortical layers. This method allows precise modulation of the volume of activated tissue in the cerebral cortex with concurrent three-dimensional mapping of functional hyperemia. Single pulse opto-fMRI minimizes adaptation, avoids heating artefacts and enables confined recruitment of the neuronal activity. Using this novel method, we present evidence for direct proportionality of volumetric spatial neurovascular coupling in the cerebral cortex.
Comparative Study of the Collective Dynamics of Proteins and Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Haddadian Esmael J. , Zhang Hao , Freed Karl F. , Douglas Jack F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations of ubiquitin in water/glycerol solutions are used to test the suggestion by Karplus and coworkers that proteins in their biologically active state should exhibit a dynamics similar to ‘surface-melted’ inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). Motivated by recent studies indicating that surface-melted inorganic NPs are in a ‘glassy’ state that is an intermediate dynamical state between a solid and liquid, we probe the validity and significance of this proposed analogy. In particular, atomistic simulations of ubiquitin in solution based on CHARMM36 force field and pre-melted Ni NPs (Voter-Chen Embedded Atom Method potential) indicate a common dynamic heterogeneity, along with other features of glass-forming (GF) liquids such as collective atomic motion in the form of string-like atomic displacements, potential energy fluctuations and particle displacements with long range correlations (‘colored’ or ‘pink’ noise), and particle displacement events having a power law scaling in magnitude, as found in earthquakes. On the other hand, we find the dynamics of ubiquitin to be even more like a polycrystalline material in which the α-helix and β-sheet regions of the protein are similar to crystal grains so that the string-like collective atomic motion is concentrated in regions between the α-helix and β-sheet domains.
Transcriptional firing helps to drive NETosis
Authors: Khan Meraj A. , Palaniyar Nades 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNeutrophils are short-lived innate immune cells. These cells respond quickly to stimuli, and die within minutes to hours; the relevance of DNA transcription in dying neutrophils remains an enigma for several decades. Here we show that the transcriptional activity reflects the degree of DNA decondensation occurring in both NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox)-dependent and Nox-independent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis. Transcriptomics analyses show that transcription starts at multiple loci in all chromosomes earlier in the rapid Nox-independent NETosis (induced by calcium ionophore A23187) than Nox-dependent NETosis (induced by PMA). NETosis-specific kinase cascades differentially activate transcription of different sets of genes. Inhibitors of transcription, but not translation, suppress both types of NETosis. In particular, promoter melting step is important to drive NETosis (induced by PMA, E. coli LPS, A23187, Streptomyces conglobatus ionomycin). Extensive citrullination of histones in multiple loci occurs only during calcium-mediated NETosis, suggesting that citrullination of histone contributes to the rapid DNA decondensation seen in Nox-independent NETosis. Furthermore, blocking transcription suppresses both types of NETosis, without affecting the reactive oxygen species production that is necessary for antimicrobial functions. Therefore, we assign a new function for transcription in neutrophils: Transcriptional firing, regulated by NETosis-specific kinases, helps to drive NETosis.
Quantification of Detergents Complexed with Membrane Proteins
Authors: Chaptal Vincent , Delolme Frédéric , Kilburg Arnaud , Magnard Sandrine , Montigny Cédric , Picard Martin , Prier Charlène , Monticelli Luca , Bornert Olivier , Agez Morgane , Ravaud Stéphanie , Orelle Cédric , Wagner Renaud , Jawhari Anass , Broutin Isabelle , Pebay-Peyroula Eva , Jault Jean-Michel , Kaback H. Ronald , le Maire Marc , Falson Pierre 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMost membrane proteins studies require the use of detergents, but because of the lack of a general, accurate and rapid method to quantify them, many uncertainties remain that hamper proper functional and structural data analyses. To solve this problem, we propose a method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) that allows quantification of pure or mixed detergents in complex with membrane proteins. We validated the method with a wide variety of detergents and membrane proteins. We automated the process, thereby allowing routine quantification for a broad spectrum of usage. As a first illustration, we show how to obtain information of the amount of detergent in complex with a membrane protein, essential for liposome or nanodiscs reconstitutions. Thanks to the method, we also show how to reliably and easily estimate the detergent corona diameter and select the smallest size, critical for favoring protein-protein contacts and triggering/promoting membrane protein crystallization, and to visualize the detergent belt for Cryo-EM studies.
Reduction of Abeta amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota
Authors: Harach T. , Marungruang N. , Duthilleul N. , Cheatham V. , Mc Coy K. D. , Frisoni G. , Neher J. J. , Fåk F. , Jucker M. , Lasser T. , Bolmont T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia in the western world, however there is no cure available for this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Despite clinical and experimental evidence implicating the intestinal microbiota in a number of brain disorders, its impact on Alzheimer’s disease is not known. To this end we sequenced bacterial 16S rRNA from fecal samples of Aβ precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse model and found a remarkable shift in the gut microbiota as compared to non-transgenic wild-type mice. Subsequently we generated germ-free APP transgenic mice and found a drastic reduction of cerebral Aβ amyloid pathology when compared to control mice with intestinal microbiota. Importantly, colonization of germ-free APP transgenic mice with microbiota from conventionally-raised APP transgenic mice increased cerebral Aβ pathology, while colonization with microbiota from wild-type mice was less effective in increasing cerebral Aβ levels. Our results indicate a microbial involvement in the development of Abeta amyloid pathology, and suggest that microbiota may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Intestinal cancer stem cells marked by Bmi1 or Lgr5 expression contribute to tumor propagation via clonal expansion
Authors: Yanai Hirotsugu , Atsumi Naho , Tanaka Toshihiro , Nakamura Naohiro , Komai Yoshihiro , Omachi Taichi , Tanaka Kiyomichi , Ishigaki Kazuhiko , Saiga Kazuho , Ohsugi Haruyuki , Tokuyama Yoko , Imahashi Yuki , Ohe Shuichi , Hisha Hiroko , Yoshida Naoko , Kumano Keiki , Kon Masanori , Ueno Hiroo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough the existence of cancer stem cells in intestine tumors has been suggested, direct evidence has not been yet provided. Here, we showed, using the multicolor lineage-tracing method and mouse models of intestinal adenocarcinoma and adenoma that Bmi1- or Lgr5- positive tumorigenic cells clonally expanded in proliferating tumors. At tumor initiation and during tumor propagation in the colon, the descendants of Lgr5-positive cells clonally proliferated to form clusters. Clonal analysis using ubiquitous multicolor lineage tracing revealed that colon tumors derived from Lgr5-positive cells were monoclonal in origin but eventually merged with neighboring tumors, producing polyclonal tumors at the later stage. In contrast, the origin of small intestine tumors was likely polyclonal, and during cancer progression some clones were eliminated, resulting in the formation of monoclonal tumors, which could merge similar to colon tumors. These results suggest that in proliferating intestinal neoplasms, Bmi1- or Lgr5-positive cells represent a population of cancer stem cells, whereas Lgr5-positive cells also function as cells-of-origin for intestinal tumors.
Association of Body Mass Index with the Tuberculosis Infection: a Population-based Study among 17796 Adults in Rural China
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Li Xiangwei , Xin Henan , Li Hengjing , Li Mufei , Lu Wei , Bai Liqiong , Wang Xinhua , Liu Jianmin , Jin Qi , Gao Lei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) has been shown to be associated with host susceptibility to several infections. However, the link between BMI and the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection has been sparsely studied in China and in worldwide. Based on the baseline survey of a population-based, prospective study in rural China, the association between BMI and TB infection among adults was estimated by means of cross-sectional analysis. TB infection status was tested using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT), a commercial of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Totally, 17796 eligible participants aged ≥18 years from 4 study sites, were included in the analysis. 21.76% (3873/17796) were observed to be QFT positive. Age and gender standardized prevalence ranged from 16.49% to 23.81% across the study sites. 42.19% study participants were obese/overweight with BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2. BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 was observed to be independently associated with QFT positivity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.33). The strength of the association was found to be geographically diversity, which might be explained, at least partly, by the varied local TB epidemic status. Our results suggest that individuals with obesity might be one important target population for TB infection control in rural China.
Microscopic description for the emergence of collective dissipation in extended quantum systems
Authors: Galve Fernando , Mandarino Antonio , Paris Matteo G. A. , Benedetti Claudia , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPractical implementations of quantum technology are limited by unavoidable effects of decoherence and dissipation. With achieved experimental control for individual atoms and photons, more complex platforms composed by several units can be assembled enabling distinctive forms of dissipation and decoherence, in independent heat baths or collectively into a common bath, with dramatic consequences for the preservation of quantum coherence. The cross-over between these two regimes has been widely attributed in the literature to the system units being farther apart than the bath’s correlation length. Starting from a microscopic model of a structured environment (a crystal) sensed by two bosonic probes, here we show the failure of such conceptual relation, and identify the exact physical mechanism underlying this cross-over, displaying a sharp contrast between dephasing and dissipative baths. Depending on the frequency of the system and, crucially, on its orientation with respect to the crystal axes, collective dissipation becomes possible for very large distances between probes, opening new avenues to deal with decoherence in phononic baths.
Ocular Reflex Phase during Off-Vertical Axis Rotation in Humans is Modified by Head-Turn-On-Trunk Position
Authors: Douglas Samantha B. , Clément Gilles , Denise Pierre , Wood Scott J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConstant velocity Off-Vertical Axis Rotation (OVAR) imposes a continuously varying orientation of the head and body relative to gravity, which generates a modulation of horizontal (conjugate and vergence), vertical, and torsional eye movements. We introduced the head-turn-on-trunk paradigm during OVAR to examine the extent to whether the modulation of these ocular reflexes is mediated by graviceptors in the head, i.e., otoliths, versus other body graviceptors. Ten human subjects were rotated in darkness about their longitudinal axis 20° off-vertical at a constant velocity of 45 and 180°/s, corresponding to 0.125 and 0.5 Hz. Binocular responses were obtained with the head and trunk aligned, and then with the head turned relative to the trunk 40° to the right or left of center. The modulation of vertical and torsional eye position was greater at 0.125 Hz while the modulation of horizontal and vergence slow phase velocity was greater at 0.5 Hz. The amplitude modulation was not significantly altered by head-on-trunk position, but the phases shifted towards alignment with the head. These results are consistent with the modulation of ocular reflexes during OVAR being primarily mediated by the otoliths in response to the sinusoidally varying linear acceleration along the interaural and naso-occipital head axis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits the PPM1A signaling pathway to block host macrophage apoptosis
Authors: Schaaf Kaitlyn , Smith Samuel R. , Duverger Alexandra , Wagner Frederic , Wolschendorf Frank , Westfall Andrew O. , Kutsch Olaf , Sun Jim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe ability to suppress host macrophage apoptosis is essential for M. tuberculosis (Mtb) to replicate intracellularly while protecting it from antibiotic treatment. We recently described that Mtb infection upregulated expression of the host phosphatase PPM1A, which impairs the antibacterial response of macrophages. Here we establish PPM1A as a checkpoint target used by Mtb to suppress macrophage apoptosis. Overproduction of PPM1A suppressed apoptosis of Mtb-infected macrophages by a mechanism that involves inactivation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Targeted depletion of PPM1A by shRNA or inhibition of PPM1A activity by sanguinarine restored JNK activation, resulting in increased apoptosis of Mtb-infected macrophages. We also demonstrate that activation of JNK by subtoxic concentrations of anisomycin induced selective apoptotic killing of Mtb-infected human macrophages, which was completely blocked in the presence of a specific JNK inhibitor. Finally, selective killing of Mtb-infected macrophages and subsequent bacterial release enabled rifampicin to effectively kill Mtb at concentrations that were insufficient to act against intracellular Mtb, providing proof of principle for the efficacy of a “release and kill” strategy. Taken together, these findings suggest that drug-induced selective apoptosis of Mtb-infected macrophages is achievable.