bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention Shifts Recruit the Monkey Default Mode Network
Authors: Arsenault John T. , Caspari Natalie , Vandenberghe Rik , Vanduffel Wim 
Published: December 2017

A unifying function associated with the default mode network (DMN), which is more active during rest than under active task conditions, has been difficult to define. The DMN is activated during monitoring the external world for unexpected events, as a sentinel, and when humans are engaged in high-level internally focused tasks. The existence of DMN correlates in other species, such as mice, challenge the idea that internally focused, high-level cognitive operations, such as introspection, autobiographical memory retrieval, planning the future, and predicting someone else's thoughts, are evolutionarily preserved defining properties of the DMN. A recent human study demonstrated that demanding cognitive shifts could recruit the DMN, yet it is unknown whether this holds for nonhuman species. Therefore, we tested whether large changes in cognitive context would recruit DMN regions in female and male nonhuman primates. Such changes were measured as displacements of spatial attentional weights based on internal rules of relevance (spatial shifts) compared with maintaining attentional weights at the same location (stay events). Using fMRI in macaques, we detected that a cortical network, activated during shifts, largely overlapped with the DMN. Moreover, fMRI time courses sampled from independently defined DMN foci showed significant shift selectivity during the demanding attention task. Finally, functional clustering based on independent resting state data revealed that DMN and shift regions clustered conjointly, whereas regions activated during the stay events clustered apart. We therefore propose that cognitive shifting in primates generally recruits DMN regions. This might explain a breakdown of the DMN in many neurological diseases characterized by declined cognitive flexibility.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActivation of the human default mode network (DMN) can be measured with fMRI when subjects shift thoughts between high-level internally directed cognitive states, when thinking about the self, the perspective of others, when imagining future and past events, and during mind wandering. Furthermore, the DMN is activated as a sentinel, monitoring the environment for unexpected events. Arguably, these cognitive processes have in common fast and substantial changes in cognitive context. As DMN activity has also been reported in nonhuman species, we tested whether shifts in spatial attention activated the monkey DMN. Core monkey DMN and shift-selective regions shared several functional properties, indicating that cognitive shifting, in general, might constitute one of the evolutionarily preserved functions of the DMN.
Gene expression profiling of fast- and slow-growing non-functioning gonadotroph pituitary adenomas
Authors: Falch Camilla Maria , Sundaram Arvind Y M , Øystese Kristin Astrid , Normann Kjersti Ringvoll , Lekva Tove , Silamikelis Ivars , Eieland Alexander Kirkeby , Andersen Marianne , Bollerslev Jens , Olarescu Nicoleta Cristina 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveReliable biomarkers associated with aggressiveness of non-functioning gonadotroph adenomas (GAs) are lacking. As the growth of tumor remnants is highly variable, molecular markers for growth potential prediction are necessary. We hypothesized that fast- and slow-growing GAs present different gene expression profiles and reliable biomarkers for tumor growth potential could be identified, focusing on the specific role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Design and methodsEight GAs selected for RNA sequencing were equally divided into fast- and slow-growing group by the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) median (27.75 months). Data were analyzed by tophat2, cufflinks and cummeRbund pipeline. 40 genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation in 20 GAs based on significance, fold-change and pathway analyses. The effect of silencingMTDH(metadherin) andEMCN(endomucin) onin vitromigration of human adenoma cells was evaluated.Results350 genes were significantly differentially expressed (282 genes upregulated and 68 downregulated in the fast group,P-adjusted <0.05). Among 40 selected genes, 11 showed associations with TVDT (−0.669<R<−0.46,P < 0.05). These werePCDH18, UNC5D, EMCN, MYO1B, GPM6Aand six EMT-related genes (SPAG9, SKIL, MTDH, HOOK1, CNOT6LandPRKACB).MTDH, but notEMCN, demonstrated involvement in cell migration and association with EMT markers.ConclusionsFast- and slow-growing GAs present different gene expression profiles, and genes related to EMT have higher expression in fast-growing tumors. In addition toMTDH, identified as an important contributor to aggressiveness, the other genes might represent markers for tumor growth potential and possible targets for drug therapy.
One-hour glucose value as a long-term predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Malmö Preventive Project
Authors: Nielsen Mette L , Pareek Manan , Leósdóttir Margrét , Eriksson Karl-Fredrik , Nilsson Peter M , Olsen Michael H 
Published: December 2017

Objective
To examine the predictive capability of a 1-h vs 2-h postload glucose value for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Design
Prospective, population-based cohort study (Malmö Preventive Project) with subject inclusion 1974–1992.

Methods
4934 men without known diabetes and cardiovascular disease, who had blood glucose (BG) measured at 0, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min during an OGTT (30 g glucose per m2 body surface area), were followed for 27 years. Data on cardiovascular events and death were obtained through national and local registries. Predictive capabilities of fasting BG (FBG) and glucose values obtained during OGTT alone and added to a clinical prediction model comprising traditional cardiovascular risk factors were assessed using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results
Median age was 48 (25th–75th percentile: 48–49) years and mean FBG 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L. FBG and 2-h postload BG did not independently predict cardiovascular events or death. Conversely, 1-h postload BG predicted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and remained an independent predictor of cardiovascular death (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17, P = 0.02) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05–1.16, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for various traditional risk factors. Clinical risk factors with added 1-h postload BG performed better than clinical risk factors alone, in predicting cardiovascular death (likelihood-ratio test, P = 0.02) and all-cause mortality (likelihood-ratio test, P = 0.0001; significant IDI, P = 0.0003).

Conclusion
Among men without known diabetes, addition of 1-h BG, but not FBG or 2-h BG, to clinical risk factors provided incremental prognostic yield for prediction of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality.
Psychosocial adjustment to cancer and its associated factors in patients undergoing chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Taghadosi Mohsen , Tajamoli Zeinab , Aghajani Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

Background: Adjustment to cancer refers to functions adopted by an individual for sustaining health and well-being, and leads to a better life and improved quality of life. Failure to adjust causes anxiety, depression, distress, and behavioral problems. The aim of study was to assess psychosocial adjustment to cancer and its associated factors in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 260 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a hospital center in Kashan, Iran in 2016. Data collection tools included demographic details, Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), and adherence to religious beliefs (Temple). Samples were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean age of participants was 54.76±13.82 years, duration with cancer was 10.11±18.89 months, duration of treatment with chemotherapy was 4.8±6.2 months, and the mean score adjustment was 50.1±17.18. Adjustment was found to be significantly related to education, marital status, financial status, employment, and adherence to religious beliefs, but not to age, duration with cancer, duration of chemotherapy, or place of residence. Patients with no metastasis were better adjusted compared to other groups, with a significant difference from the other groups.
Conclusion: More than half of patients had moderate to high levels of adjustment. Patients with poor education, self-employment, no family support, low adherence to religious beliefs, and with metastasis displayed poorer adjustment levels; all of these negatively affected their adjustment to cancer. Thus, patients undergoing chemotherapy need greater family, social, and economic support for adjustment.
Improving Time to Antibiotic Administration for Bone Marrow Transplant Patients With First Fever
Authors: Daniels Paulina , Pate Abigail , Flesch Laura , Teusink-Cross Ashley , Matani Hirsch , Geiger Amanda , Hayward Melissa , Myers William , Schaefer Samantha , Nelson Adam , Jodele Sonata , Davies Stella M. , Dandoy Christopher E. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Timely antibiotic administration in immunocompromised patients is associated with improved outcomes. The aim of our study was to decrease the mean time to administration of antibiotics in hospitalized bone marrow transplant patients with fever from 75 to &lt;60 minutes.

METHODS:
By using the Model of Improvement, we performed plan-do-study-act cycles to design, test, and implement high-reliability interventions to decrease time to antibiotics. Nursing, physician, and pharmacy interventions were successfully applied to improve timely antibiotic administration.

RESULTS:
The study period was from April 2014 through March of 2017. Through heightened awareness, dedicated roles and responsibilities, a standardized order set specifically used for first fever patients, notification to the pharmacy about newly febrile first fever patients through a dedicated order, the creation of a dedicated sticker (“STAT first dose antibiotic, give directly to nurse”) to be printed when antibiotics were entered via the order set in the pharmacy, and prioritization of antibiotic delivery on arrival on the floor, we saw an increase in the percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes of documented fever from a mean of 40% to over 90%. Our mean time for antibiotic administration decreased from 75 to 45 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of a standardized process for notifying providers of new fever in patients, prioritization of antibiotic preparation in the central pharmacy, and timely antibiotic order entry resulted in improved times to antibiotic administration in the febrile bone marrow transplant population.
Atos mentais e Cognição em J. Duns Scotus: um estudo de caso do Quodl. XIII
Authors: Alt Guido José Rey 
Published: December 2017

O ensaio examina a ontologia de atos mentais desenvolvida por Scotus em Quodlibet XIII, dando atenção aos aspectos da filosofia da mente posteriores e presentes em Guilherme de Ockham. O tratamento tem ênfase na interpretação dos assim chamados modelos de ‘existência objetiva’ e de ‘atos mentais’ com respeito ao conteúdo mental e sua relação com a epistemologia da cognição.
Radiation Dose Estimation of Cement Samples Used in Lao PDR
Authors: Xayheungsy Sonexay , Khiem Le Hong , Nam Le Dai 
Published: December 2017

The natural radioactivity due to presence of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in Lao PDR cements was measured for first time using a gamma-spectrometry with HPGe detector. Two different types of cement produced by 4 local cement companies in Lao PDR have been investigated. The specific radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the investigated samples ranged from 24.83 ± 1.18 to 54.39 ± 5.90 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 37.76 ± 10.71 Bq kg-1, 6.63 ± 1.59 to 21.17 ± 0.48 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 13.77 ± 5.85 Bq kg-1 and 43.28 ± 7.68 to 168.70 ± 3.34 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 116.07 ± 47.50 Bq kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the gamma-index, the external and internal hazard indices, Absorb Dose Rate in Air (D) and Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) were estimated for the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in all cement samples. The obtained results were compared with the corresponding values for cement of different countries. The calculated Raeq values of Lao PDR samples are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg-1 set fo building materials. The mean indoor absorbed dose rate is slightly lower than the population-weighted average of 84 nGy h-1 while the corresponding effective dose was 79% less than the dose ft of 1 mSv y-1. The results obtained in this study show no significant radiological hazards arising from using Lao PDR cement for construction of houses.
Yield Ratios of the Isomeric Pair \(^{179m,g}\)W Produced in the \(^{nat}\)W(g,xn)\(^{179m,g}\)W Reactions with 50-65 MeV Bremsstrahlung
Authors: Do Nguyen Van , Khue Pham Duc , Xuan Nguyen Thi , Loat Bui Van , Hien Nguyen Thi , Kim Guinyun 
Published: December 2017

In this work we present the yield ratios of the \(^{179m,g}\)W isomeric pair produced in the photonuclear reactions \(^{nat}\)W(g,xn)\(^{179m,g}\)W with bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, and 65-MeV. The measurements were carried out by the induced activity method in combination with direct gamma-ray spectrometry. The measured activities were corrected for overlapping gamma-ray peaks, self-absorption of low energy gamma-rays and true coincidence summing effects. The present results are measured for the first time with bremsstrahlung end-point energies beyond the giant dipole resonance region. The obtained results are discussed with respect to the incident bremsstrahlung energies and reaction channel effect.
Fabrication of Electrochemical Electrodes Based on Platinum and \(\text{ZnO}\) Nanofibers for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Le Dang Thi Thanh , Hoang Nguyen Van , Hieu Nguyen Van , Khue Vu Quang , Huy Tran Quang 
Published: December 2017

Platinum (Pt) electrodes were designed in imitation of screen-printed electrodes, and prepared by microelectronic techniques. These electrodes were then modified with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers for biosensing applications. ZnO nanofibers with average length \( \sim 20-30\; \mu\) m and diameter \(\sim 150\) nm in hexagonal crystalline structure are prepared using electrospinning method. Their surface characteristics were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical properties of modified Pt electrodes were investigated in comparison with commercial carbon screen-printed electrodes. The results showed that the cyclic voltammogram of modified Pt electrodes was stable, but has much lower resistance compared to that of carbon screen-printed electrodes.
Population Distribution of Vibrational Levels of the 2\(^1\Pi\) State of NaLi
Authors: Dung Nguyen Tien 
Published: December 2017

We studied population distribution of vibrational levels for the 2\(^1\Pi\) of NaLi molecule from \(v'=0\) to \(v'=16\). The population of the levels was calculated numerically by solving the radial Schrodinger equation with an experimental potential extrapolated to the dissociation limit via a long range potential. We found that, for each highly excited level its population distribution is favorable around the right turning-point. The results provide important information for choosing convenient experimental parameters and explaining dynamical processes in the molecule
A GESTÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO, PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: OS DIFERENTES FOCOS NA PESQUISA
Authors: Silveira Diogo de Ávila Fontoura Julian , Costa Morosini Marília 
Published: December 2017

O estudo aqui apresentado busca identificar quais são os principais focos de pesquisa aparentes junto a produção acadêmica de Programas de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu brasileiros entre os anos de 2011 e 2016, que tenham como tema de estudo, a Gestão da Educação Superior na perspectiva da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). Na produção dos dados, utilizamos os princípios de Estado do Conhecimento (FERREIRA, 2002; MOROSINI, 2015), caracterizados pelo foco na pesquisa de caráter histórico-bibliográfico (FIORENTINI; LORENZATO, 2007), exploratório-investigativo (MELO, 2006), inventariante e descritivo (FERREIRA, 2002). O material bibliográfico (teses e dissertações) utilizado neste estudo, fora disponibilizado por diferentes bases de dados nacionais ligadas a Programas de Pós-Graduação, porém destacamos a Biblioteca Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (BDTD/IBICT). Compondo o corpus de análise, trabalhamos com 23 (vinte e três) pesquisas (entre teses e dissertações). Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a complexidade em que se situa o campo de estudo da Gestão da Educação Superior contexto da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT), em especial quando nos referirmos aos temas de pesquisa privilegiados pela comunidade de pesquisa. Dentre os temas de pesquisa, destacamos a Gestão da Educação Superior sob a perspectiva da efetivação da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, e o olhar da Gestão da Educação Superior frente a criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IF’s).
EDITORIAL
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais , Moura Dante Henrique 
Published: December 2017

A Medida Provisória nº 746, de 22 de setembro de 2016, após tramitação no Congresso Nacional, converteu-se na Lei nº 13.415, de 16 de fevereiro de 2017. Nesse contexto, a Revista Brasileira de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica reuniu artigos que versam sobre a referida medida provisória, conhecida como “Reforma do Ensino Médio” no intuito de problematizar sobre congruências e incongruências no que concerne a Educação Profissional, seus fundamentos e a formação de professores.Dessa maneira, convidamos à leitura sobre: ? MONITORIA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS NO IFS - CAMPUS LAGARTO;? A AUTOPERCEPÇÃO COMO SUJEITO CRIATIVO DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO TÉCNICO E TECNOLÓGICO;? POSSÍVEIS ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE OS CONCEITOS DE TECNOLOGIA E COMPETÊNCIAS NA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE;? A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE COMO UMA POSSIBILIDADE NO PROCESSO ENSINO: APRENDIZAGEM DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DE NÍVEL TECNOLÓGICO PARA O MUNDO DO TRABALHO;? A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONHECIMENTO GEOTECNOLÓGICO NO CURSO TÉCNICO EM RECURSOS PESQUEIROS DO IFRN;? INFLUÊNCIA DE ÓRGÃOS INTERNACIONAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL BRASILEIRA;? A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA E A COMPLEXIDADE QUE ENVOLVE A PERMANÊNCIA E ÊXITO DOS ESTUDANTES;? EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL: A EXPANSÃO DOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA;? A GESTÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO, PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: OS DIFERENTES FOCOS NA PESQUISA;? OS LUGARES DA SOCIOLOGIA NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA;? FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS PARA UMA APROXIMAÇÃO AO ESTUDO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL;? A REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO E AS DESIGUALDADES NO BRASIL;? IMPLANTAÇÃO DA UNED/ETFRN EM MOSSORÓ: A PRIMEIRA EXPANSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL FEDERAL;? A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: BREVE CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO DEBATE. Boa leitura!
Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) biological activity and the possibilities of its use for the correction of the lipid metabolism disorders
Authors: Tovchiga O. , Koyro O. , Stepanova S. , Shtrygol’ S. , Evlash V. , Gorban’, V. , Yudkevich T. 
Published: December 2017

The article summarizes data concerning the biological activity of the promising herbal raw material: aerial part of goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L., Apiaceae). This plant since time immemorial has been used as vegetable and fodder plant as well as in folk medicine including the treatment of the metabolic disorders. Nowadays the interest in this plant increases. The technology of obtaining the extract and the tincture from goutweed aerial part is described, the chemical composition of these preparations is elucidated. Pharmacological effects of the preparations obtained from goutweed are characterized with the special emphasis on the possibilities of the lipid metabolism disorders correction and prevention. The presented experimental results substantiate the efficacy of goutweed extract and the tincture under the conditions of alimentary lipemia together with their safety in the intact animals. Thus, the hypolipidemic activity of goutweed extract (1 g/kg intragastrically) and goutweed tincture (1 cm3/kg intragastrically) was shown in the test with olive oil loading in rats. The extract appeared to be able to decrease significantly the level of triglycerides in blood plasma, while the tincture reduced the content of plasma total lipids. In the intact rats, the extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 1 g/kg as well as the tincture at doses of 1 and 5 cm3/kg did not influence on the values of the lipid metabolism after 12 days of administration. Total and HDL cholesterol as well as atherogenic index and plasma total lipids level remained unchanged. In contast to the data previously obtained on the models of hyperuricemia, in the intact rats there were no changes in plasma uric acid concentration (which was determined proceeding from the role of the purine metabolism disorders in metabolic syndrome pathogenesis). Thus, goutweed preparations are characterized with the regulatory mode of action and sufficient level of safety. The development of drugs as well as functional foods containing goutweed herbal raw material is promising.
The influence of antioxidant postharvest treatment on content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers
Authors: Priss O. , Yevlash V. , Zhukova V. , Ivanova I. 
Published: December 2017

The influence of heat treatment with antioxidant compositions on the content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers is investigated. It was found that the use of the proposed treatment inhibits the activity of ascorbate oxidase by 15–18%, which allows to slow down the decomposition of ascorbic acid by 1.5 times. The content of ascorbic acid in the experimental fruit after storage for 28 days is 1.4 times higher than in the control after 21 days of storage. It was found that in the cucumbers 11–14 sm long, the synthesis of polyphenols continued in the period of storage. The intensity of accumulation of phenolic substances proved to be different in the treated and control groups. It was shown that thermal treatment with antioxidants slowed the growth rate of total polyphenols by 20% relative to control, indicating inhibition of maturation processes. It was revealed that the activity o polyphenol oxidase during the storage of treated fruits was slowing down. It has been established that the application of said treatment substantially inhibits the degradation of chlorophylls. Rapid loss of chlorophyll caused yellowing and loss of consumer properties in the control groups after 2 weeks of storage. In processed cucumbers only 21 days of storage revealed a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll in relation to the moment of laying. At day 28 the amount of chlorophylls in the experimental fruit is at the same level as in the control after a week of storage. It has been found that the use of the proposed treatment slows the degradation of carotenoids. The quantity of carotenoids in experimental cucumbers at the end of storage is 21–23% higher than in the control ones. The compensatory function of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic substances during storage of cucumber fruits is proved.