bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic diversity of macromycetes and woody plants along an elevational gradient in Eastern Mexico
Authors: Gómez‐Hernández Marko , Williams‐Linera Guadalupe , Lodge Deborah J. , Guevara Roger , Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Gándara Etelvina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhylogenetic information provides insight into the ecological and evolutionary processes that organize species assemblages. We compared patterns of phylogenetic diversity among macromycete and woody plant communities along a steep elevational gradient in eastern Mexico to better understand the evolutionary processes that structure their communities. Macrofungi and trees were counted and identified in eight sites from 100 to 3500 m asl, and sequence data retrieved from GenBank for the same or closely related species were used to reconstruct their phylogenies. Patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity were similar for both macrofungi and trees, but macromycete richness and diversity peaked at mid‐elevations, whereas woody plant richness and diversity did not show significant trends with elevation. Phylogenetic similarity among sites was low for both groups and decreased as elevational distance between sites increased. Macromycete communities displayed phylogenetic overdispersion at low elevations and phylogenetic clustering at high elevations; the latter is consistent with environmental filtering at high elevation sites. Woody plants generally exhibited phylogenetic clustering, consistent with the potential importance of environmental filtering throughout the elevational gradient.
Factors affecting water market acceptance: A case study of stakeholders in southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Rahimova Nargiz , Hesseln Hayley , Silven Pekka 
Published: March 2016

Key Messages

Understanding water resource status is essential for choosing the system of administration.
Better understanding of the origin and impact of nonpoint pollution sources is necessary prior to implementing a water quality trading program.
Stakeholders' acceptance of water quality trading might be related to greater concerns about water availability.
A geological perspective on the degradation and conservation of western Atlantic coral reefs
Authors: Kuffner Ilsa B. , Toth Lauren T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractContinuing coral‐reef degradation in the western Atlantic is resulting in loss of ecological and geologic functions of reefs. With the goal of assisting resource managers and stewards of reefs in setting and measuring progress toward realistic goals for coral‐reef conservation and restoration, we examined reef degradation in this region from a geological perspective. The importance of ecosystem services provided by coral reefs—as breakwaters that dissipate wave energy and protect shorelines and as providers of habitat for innumerable species—cannot be overstated. However, the few coral species responsible for reef building in the western Atlantic during the last approximately 1.5 million years are not thriving in the 21st century. These species are highly sensitive to abrupt temperature extremes, prone to disease infection, and have low sexual reproductive potential. Their vulnerability and the low functional redundancy of branching corals have led to the low resilience of western Atlantic reef ecosystems. The decrease in live coral cover over the last 50 years highlights the need for study of relict (senescent) reefs, which, from the perspective of coastline protection and habitat structure, may be just as important to conserve as the living coral veneer. Research is needed to characterize the geological processes of bioerosion, reef cementation, and sediment transport as they relate to modern‐day changes in reef elevation. For example, although parrotfish remove nuisance macroalgae, possibly promoting coral recruitment, they will not save Atlantic reefs from geological degradation. In fact, these fish are quickly nibbling away significant quantities of Holocene reef framework. The question of how different biota covering dead reefs affect framework resistance to biological and physical erosion needs to be addressed. Monitoring and managing reefs with respect to physical resilience, in addition to ecological resilience, could optimize the expenditure of resources in conserving Atlantic reefs and the services they provide.
Glycaemic control modifies the haptoglobin 2 allele‐conferred susceptibility to coronary artery disease in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Costacou T. , Evans R. W. , Orchard T. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess whether the association of the haptoglobin 2 allele with coronary artery disease is modified by glycaemic control in a prospective cohort study of individuals with childhood‐onset Type 1 diabetes.MethodsCoronary artery disease events (death from coronary artery disease, confirmed myocardial infarction, stenosis ≥50%, revascularization) were assessed between 1986 and 2013 among 480 individuals with Type 1 diabetes (baseline age 28 years; diabetes duration 19 years). Better glycaemic control was defined as an updated mean HbA1c during follow‐up of <8% (64 mmol/mol).ResultsIn crude models, the incidence of coronary artery disease increased with the number of haptoglobin 2 alleles (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.05–1.71). This association was more pronounced in those with better than in those with worse glycaemic control (P interaction = 0.05) and remained essentially unaltered after multivariable adjustments (hazard ratio 2.65, 95% CI 1.30–5.41 in those with better glycaemic control and hazard ratio 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.56 in those with worse glycaemic control).ConclusionsThese results suggest that, although better control may reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease in Type 1 diabetes, a residual risk related to the haptoglobin 2 allele remains.
Derivation of a prediction model for a diagnosis of depression in young adults: a matched case–control study using electronic primary care records
Authors: Nichols Linda , Ryan Ronan , Connor Charlotte , Birchwood Max , Marshall Tom 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 80 000 children and young people in the UK suffer from depression, but many are untreated because of poor identification of early warning signs and risk factors.AimsThis study aimed to derive and to investigate discrimination characteristics of a prediction model for a first recorded diagnosis of depression in young people aged 15–24 years.MethodThis study used a matched case–control method using electronic primary care records. Stepwise conditional logistic regression modelling investigated 42 potential predictors including symptoms, co‐morbidities, social factors and drug and alcohol misuse.ResultsOf the socio‐economic and symptomatic predictors identified, the strongest associations were with depression symptoms and other psychological conditions. School problems and social services involvement were prominent predictors in men aged 15–18 years, work stress in women aged 19–24 years.ConclusionOur model is a first step in the development of a predictive model identifying early warning signs of depression in young people in primary care.
Nutritional management of the foal with diarrhoea
Authors: Barr B. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryDiarrhoea is a common problem in the neonatal and suckling foal. In certain circumstances supplemental nutrition is necessary depending on the age of foal, severity of diarrhoea and presence of other systemic manifestations. Nutritional supplementation can be provided either enterally or parenterally. Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition because it is the most natural and physiologically sound means to provide nutritional support. Parenteral nutrition may be warranted if the foal is unable to receive or tolerate enteral nutrition. Dextrose alone or with amino acids and lipids can provide appropriate nutrition when enteral feeding is not tolerated. As soon as the foal stabilises enteral feeding can be reintroduced.
Modular organisation of inducer recognition and allostery in the tetracycline repressor
Authors: Werten Sebastiaan , Schneider Julia , Palm Gottfried Julius , Hinrichs Winfried 
Published: March 2016

Induction of the tetracycline repressor (TetR) results from antibiotic‐dependent changes in the relative positioning of the DNA‐binding domains within the promoter‐associated repressor dimer, but the key determinants of this allosteric effect remain poorly characterised. Intriguingly, previous mutational analyses of the tetracycline‐interacting site revealed a lack of correlation between residual affinity and induction propensity, suggesting that some of the residues in contact with the antibiotic primarily act in ligand recognition and retention, whereas others are required to transmit the allosteric signal. Here, we provide a structural basis for these observations via crystallographic analysis of the point mutants N82A, H100A, T103A and E147A in complex with the inducer 5a,6‐anhydrotetracycline. In conjunction with the available functional data, the four structures demonstrate that a trigger‐like movement of the region between helices α6 and α7 towards and into the binding site plays a decisive role in the intramolecular communication process. In sharp contrast, residues lining the binding cavity proper have little or no influence on the allosteric mechanism as such. This nearly complete physical separation of ligand recognition and allostery will have allowed diverging TetR‐like repressors to bind novel effectors while the existing induction mechanism remained intact. Consequently, the modularity described here may have been a key factor in the evolutionary success of the widespread and highly diversified repressor class.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5FKK, 5FKL, 5FKM, 5FKN and 5FKO.
Correlating bonded joint deformation with failure using a free surface strain field mining methodology
Authors: Collins J. G. , Dillon G. P. , Strauch E. C. , Lanning W. R. , Muhlstein C. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this work we present a strain field mining methodology where the intensities and spatial distributions of strains in double lap strap epoxy (EA 9394) bonded joints are measured, analysed and correlated with bond strength. While the global behaviour of the bonded joints was linear elastic at room temperature, discrete regions of elevated (relative to the full field average) shear strains were observed. The size, spatial distribution and other features of these strain ‘hot spots’ were described with a metric called the homogeneity index. This index captures the uniformity of the strain field with respect to regions of positive and negative strain at a specific stress level. The linearity of the progression of the homogeneity index and its magnitude was correlated with a joint's fracture strength and failure mode. The index was a robust predictor of double‐lap strap bonded joint performance between 30% and 90% of a specimen's strength and can be used to improve joint design, manufacturing, quality assurance, maintenance and inspection.
S‐N curves in the very‐high‐cycle fatigue regime: statistical modeling based on the hydrogen embrittlement consideration
Authors: Paolino D. S. , Tridello A. , Chiandussi G. , Rossetto M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe continuous increment of durability and reliability requirements for many machinery components is significantly enhancing the research activity in the Very‐High‐Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) characterization of metallic materials, in particular of high‐strength steels for critical structural applications.According to the
model, the VHCF strength of high‐strength steels can be estimated from the projected area of the ‘Optically Dark Area’ (ODA), which plays a key role in the VHCF response of high‐strength steels: more than 95% of the total VHCF life is consumed in the ODA formation, with crack growing even though the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) is below the threshold for crack growth. Following the hydrogen embrittlement theory proposed by Murakami, hydrogen is supposed to assist crack growth within the ODA.The present paper proposes a general SIF formulation for the analytical model of the hydrogen assisted crack growth within the ODA. Starting from the general SIF formulation, a general expression for the material fatigue limit is obtained in the paper. The statistical method for the estimation of the parameters involved in the proposed model is finally illustrated in the paper and numerically applied to an experimental dataset.
From pole to pole: the potential for the Arctic seastarAsterias amurensisto invade a warming Southern Ocean
Authors: Byrne Maria , Gall Mailie , Wolfe Kennedy , Agüera Antonio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDue to climatic warming,Asterias amurensis, a keystone boreal predatory seastar that has established extensive invasive populations in southern Australia, is a potential high‐risk invader of the sub‐Antarctic and Antarctic. To assess the potential range expansion ofA. amurensisto the Southern Ocean as it warms, we investigated the bioclimatic envelope of the adult and larval life stages. We analysed the distribution of adultA. amurensiswith respect to present‐day and future climate scenarios using habitat temperature data to construct species distribution models (SDMs). To integrate the physiological response of the dispersive phase, we determined the thermal envelope of larval development to assess their performance in present‐day and future thermal regimes and the potential for success ofA. amurensisin poleward latitudes. TheSDMindicated that the thermal ‘niche’ of the adult stage correlates with a 0–17 °C and 1–22.5 °C range, in winter and summer, respectively. As the ocean warms, the range ofA. amurensisin Australia will contract, while more southern latitudes will have conditions favourable for range expansion. Successful fertilization occurred from 3 to 23.8 °C. By day 12, development to the early larval stage was successful from 5.5 to 18 °C. Although embryos were able to reach the blastula stage at 2 °C, they had arrested development and high mortality. The optimal thermal range for survival of pelagic stages was 3.5–19.2 °C with a lower and upper critical limit of 2.6 and 20.3 °C, respectively. Our data predict thatA. amurensisfaces demise in its current invasive range while more favourable conditions at higher latitudes would facilitate invasion of both larval and adult stages to the Southern Ocean. Our results show that vigilance is needed to reduce the risk that this ecologically important Arctic carnivore may invade the Southern Ocean and Antarctica.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in biochar and biochar‐amended soil: a review
Authors: Dutta Tanushree , Kwon Eilhann , Bhattacharya Satya Sundar , Jeon Byong Hun , Deep Akash , Uchimiya Minori , Kim Ki‐Hyun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractResidual pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon (aceous) nanoparticles are inevitably generated during the pyrolysis of waste biomass and remain on the solid coproduct called biochar. Such pollutants could have adverse effects on the plant growth as well as microbial community in soil. Although biochar has been proposed as a ‘carbon negative strategy’ to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions, the impacts of its application with respect to long‐term persistence and bioavailability of hazardous components are not clear. Moreover, the co‐occurrence of low molecular weight VOCs with PAHs in biochar may exert further phytotoxic effects. This review describes the basic need to unravel key mechanisms driving the storage vs. emission of these organics and the dynamics between the sorbent (biochar) and soil microbes. Moreover, there is an urgent need for standardized methods for quantitative analysis of PAHs and VOCs in biochar under environmentally relevant conditions. This review is also extended to cover current research gaps including the influence of biochar application on the short‐ and long‐term fate of PAHs and VOCs and the proper control tactics for biochar quality and associated risk.
Prospective evaluation of treatment regimens, efficacy and safety of a recombinant factor VIII concentrate in haemophilia A: the German EffeKt study
Authors: Klamroth R. , Miesbach W. , Staritz P. ,   the German EffeKt Study Group
Published: March 2016

IntroductionCollecting clinical data under routine conditions remains important to monitor continuously efficacy and tolerability of an established product.AimThis prospective observational study aimed at evaluating efficacy and tolerability of full‐length sucrose‐formulated recombinant FVIII (rFVIII‐FS; KOGENATE® Bayer/KOGENATE® FS) in routine use and analysing concomitant diseases and medication.MethodsHaemophilia A patients treated with rFVIII‐FS were followed up for 24 or 36 months. Efficacy, tolerability, concomitant medication and diseases were assessed at yearly intervals.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐one documented patients were mainly pretreated, predominantly with prophylaxis (74%). On study, 54 (31%) patients in the efficacy set (n = 174) documented regular prophylaxis, 91 patients (52.3%) failed to document their prescribed prophylactic infusions, 25 (14.4%) received on‐demand treatment and four patients (2%) inhibitor adapted therapy. Patients on regular prophylaxis reported 8.4% of infusions for bleeding treatment and on‐demand patients reported 55.3%. Young patients experienced mainly trauma‐related bleedings and older patients reported spontaneous bleedings. Joint status was good overall. Median annual spontaneous joint bleeding rate in all groups was zero. A total of 79.0% of all bleedings were successfully treated with one or two infusions. Degenerative arthropathy and arterial hypertension were the most prominent concomitant diseases. Eighty‐seven patients (40.5%) took at least one concomitant drug on study, mostly drugs for pain treatment related to haemophilic arthropathy. Two patients presented with positive inhibitor titres on study, one of them was a previously untreated patient and the other had a positive inhibitor history.ConclusionThis study corroborates the tolerability and efficacy profile of rFVIII‐FS.
Effect of maize type and extrusion‐cooking conditions on starch digestibility profiles
Authors: Robin Frédéric , Heindel Christina , Pineau Nicolas , Srichuwong Sathaporn , Lehmann Undine 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study aimed at evaluating the influence of screw speed (250–600 rpm), barrel temperature (100–160 °C) and water content (16.4–22.5%) on rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS) and resistant (RS) starch levels of waxy, normal and high‐amylose maize starches. In native starches, an increase in amylose content was correlated with lower SDS content. After extrusion, this trend was reversed. Both waxy and normal maize starches became rapidly digested. However, for normal maize starch, some SDS fraction remained. In contrast, the high‐amylose maize starch showed a significant increase in digestibility and an increase in SDS content from 20.4% in the native starch up to 27.5% after extrusion. This high level of SDS may be attributed to the presence of some remaining granular structures and formation of crystalline orders, which have slow digestion properties.
Gene expression risk signatures maintain prognostic power in multiple myeloma despite microarray probe set translation
Authors: Hermansen N. E. U. , Borup R. , Andersen M. K. , Vangsted A. J. , Clausen N. T. , Kristensen D. L. , Nielsen F. C. , Gimsing P. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIntroductionGene expression profiling (GEP) risk models in multiple myeloma are based on 3′‐end microarrays. We hypothesized that GEP risk signatures could retain prognostic power despite being translated and applied to whole‐transcript microarray data.MethodsWe studied CD138‐positive bone marrow plasma cells in a prospective cohort of 59 samples from newly diagnosed patients eligible for high‐dose therapy (HDT) and 67 samples from previous HDT patients with progressive disease. We used Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST microarrays for GEP. Nine GEP risk signatures were translated by probe set match and applied to our data in multivariate Cox regression analysis for progression‐free survival and overall survival in combination with clinical, cytogenetic and biochemical risk markers, including the International Staging System (ISS).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 66 months (range 42–87). Various translated GEP risk signatures or combinations hereof were significantly correlated with survival: among newly diagnosed patients mainly in combination with cytogenetic high‐risk markers and among relapsed patients mainly in combination with ISS stage III.ConclusionTranslated GEP risk signatures maintain significant prognostic power in HDT myeloma patients. We suggest probe set matching for GEP risk signature translation as part of the efforts towards a microarray‐independent GEP risk standard. (ClicinalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00639054).
Hypophosphatasia: diagnosis and clinical signs – a dental surgeon perspective
Authors: Bloch‐Zupan Agnès 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disease in which mutations in the ALPL gene (encoding tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) result in varying degrees of enzyme deficiency. HPP manifests in a spectrum of symptoms, including early primary tooth loss (root intact) and alveolar bone mineralisation defects.ObjectiveTo provide an overview of HPP for dental professionals to help recognise and differentially diagnose patients for appropriate referral to a specialist team.MethodsA non‐systematic review of publications on HPP was performed.ResultsDifferent forms of HPP are described, along with characteristic symptoms and laboratory findings. Diagnosis is challenging due to the rareness and variable presentation of symptoms. Low alkaline phosphatase levels are a signature of HPP, but reference ranges vary according to gender and age. Key features are defined and management strategies discussed, focusing on enzyme replacement therapy. Finally, a patient registry aimed at better defining the prevalence of HPP and raising awareness is described.ConclusionsHPP is a rare disease with a wide spectrum of manifestations, with orodental symptoms featuring prominently in the natural history. Dental professionals may be positioned at the beginning of the diagnostic pathway; thus, recognition of HPP features for timely referral and optimal disease management is important.