bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between root water uptake and soil respiration: A modeling perspective
Authors: Teodosio Bertrand , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Loheide Steven P. , Daly Edoardo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSoil moisture affects and is affected by root water uptake and at the same time drives soil CO2 dynamics. Selecting root water uptake formulations in models is important since this affects the estimation of actual transpiration and soil CO2 efflux. This study aims to compare different models combining the Richards equation for soil water flow to equations describing heat transfer and air‐phase CO2 production and flow. A root water uptake model (RWC), accounting only for root water compensation by rescaling water uptake rates across the vertical profile, was compared to a model (XWP) estimating water uptake as a function of the difference between soil and root xylem water potential; the latter model can account for both compensation (XWPRWC) and hydraulic redistribution (XWPHR). Models were compared in a scenario with a shallow water table, where the formulation of root water uptake plays an important role in modeling daily patterns and magnitudes of transpiration rates and CO2 efflux. Model simulations for this scenario indicated up to 20% difference in the estimated water that transpired over 50 days and up to 14% difference in carbon emitted from the soil. The models showed reduction of transpiration rates associated with water stress affecting soil CO2 efflux, with magnitudes of soil CO2 efflux being larger for the XWPHR model in wet conditions and for the RWC model as the soil dried down. The study shows the importance of choosing root water uptake models not only for estimating transpiration but also for other processes controlled by soil water content.
Egg Albumen as a Fast and Strong Medical Adhesive Glue
Authors: Xu Kaige , Liu Yuqing , Bu Shousan , Wu Tianyi , Chang Qiang , Singh Gurankit , Cao Xiaojian , Deng Chuang , Li Bingyun , Luo Gaoxing , Xing Malcolm 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSutures penetrate tissues to close wounds. This process leads to inflammatory responses, prolongs healing time, and increases operation complexity. It becomes even worse when sutures are applied to stress‐sensitive and fragile tissues. By bonding tissues via forming covalent bonds, some medical adhesives are not convenient to be used by surgeons and have side effects to the tissues. Here egg albumen adhesive (EAA) is reported with ultrahigh adhesive strength to bond various types of materials and can be easily used without any chemical and physical modifications. Compared with several commercial medical glues, EAA exhibits stronger adhesive property on porcine skin, glass, polydimethylsiloxane. The EAA also shows exceptional underwater adhesive strength. Finally, wound closure using EAA on poly(caprolactone) nanofibrous sheet and general sutures is investigated and compared in a rat wound model. EAA also does not show strong long‐term inflammatory response, suggesting that EAA has potential as a medical glue, considering its abundant source, simple fabrication process, inherent nontoxicity, and low cost.
Metallic MXene Saturable Absorber for Femtosecond Mode‐Locked Lasers
Authors: Jhon Young In , Koo Joonhoi , Anasori Babak , Seo Minah , Lee Ju Han , Gogotsi Yury , Jhon Young Min 
Published: July 2017

Abstract2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitides called MXenes have attracted much attention due to their outstanding properties. However, MXene's potential in laser technology is not explored. It is demonstrated here that Ti3CN, one of MXene compounds, can serve as an excellent mode‐locker that can produce femtosecond laser pulses from fiber cavities. Stable laser pulses with a duration as short as 660 fs are readily obtained at a repetition rate of 15.4 MHz and a wavelength of 1557 nm. Density functional theory calculations show that Ti3CN is metallic, in contrast to other 2D saturable absorber materials reported so far to be operative for mode‐locking. 2D structural and electronic characteristics are well conserved in their stacked form, possibly due to the unique interlayer coupling formed by MXene surface termination groups. Noticeably, the calculations suggest a promise of MXenes in broadband saturable absorber applications due to metallic characteristics, which agrees well with the experiments of passively Q‐switched lasers using Ti3CN at wavelengths of 1558 and 1875 nm. This study provides a valuable strategy and intuition for the development of nanomaterial‐based saturable absorbers opening new avenues toward advanced photonic devices based on MXenes.
Theoretical analysis of the spunbond process and its applications for polypropylenes
Authors: Kanai Toshitaka , Kohri Youhei , Takebe Tomoaki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe theoretical analysis of the spunbond process was set up and applied to polypropylene (PP) and its blends. The effect of blending low tacticity polypropylene (LMPP) to high tacticity PP on the spinnability of the spunbond process was investigated. A small amount of LMPP was found to stabilize the high‐speed spinning of PP, and very fine fibers were obtained. From the calculated results, it was speculated that the improvement of spinnability originated from the suppression of crystallization speed and strain rate in the spinning process. The physical properties of the spunbond nonwoven fabrics were also investigated.
Ultrathin and Porous Ni3S2/CoNi2S4 3D‐Network Structure for Superhigh Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: He Weidong , Wang Chenggang , Li Huiqiao , Deng Xiaolong , Xu Xijin , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: July 2017

Abstract3D‐networked, ultrathin, and porous Ni3S2/CoNi2S4 on Ni foam (NF) is successfully designed and synthesized by a simple sulfidation process from 3D Ni–Co precursors. Interestingly, the edge site‐enriched Ni3S2/CoNi2S4/NF 3D‐network is realized by the etching‐like effect of S2− ions, which made the surfaces of Ni3S2/CoNi2S4/NF with a ridge‐like feature. The intriguing structural/compositional/componental advantages endow 3D‐networked‐free‐standing Ni3S2/CoNi2S4/NF electrodes better electrochemical performance with specific capacitance of 2435 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 and an excellent rate capability of 80% at 20 A g−1. The corresponding asymmetric supercapacitor achieves a high energy density of 40.0 W h kg−1 at an superhigh power density of 17.3 kW kg−1, excellent specific capacitance (175 F g−1 at 1A g−1), and electrochemical cycling stability (92.8% retention after 6000 cycles) with Ni3S2/CoNi2S4/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon/NF as the negative electrode. Moreover, the temperature dependences of cyclic voltammetry curve polarization and specific capacitances are carefully investigated, and become more obvious and higher, respectively, with the increase of test temperature. These can be attributed to the components' synergetic effect assuring rich redox reactions, high conductivity as well as highly porous but robust architectures. This work provides a general, low‐cost route to produce high performance electrode materials for portable supercapacitor applications on a large scale.
Growth and Intercalation of Graphene on Silicon Carbide Studied by Low‐Energy Electron Microscopy
Authors: Speck Florian , Ostler Markus , Besendörfer Sven , Krone Julia , Wanke Martina , Seyller Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBased on its electronic, structural, chemical, and mechanical properties, many potential applications have been proposed for graphene. In order to realize these visions, graphene has to be synthesized, grown, or exfoliated with properties that are determined by the targeted application. Growth of so‐called epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide by sublimation of silicon in an argon atmosphere is one particular method that could potentially lead to electronic applications. In this contribution we summarize our recent work on different aspects of epitaxial graphene growth and interface manipulation by intercalation, which was performed by a combination of low‐energy electron microscopy, low‐energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy.
Spectral Classification of One‐Dimensional Binary Aperiodic Crystals: An Algebraic Approach
Authors: Maciá Enrique 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA spectral classification of general one‐dimensional binary aperiodic crystals (BACs) based on both their diffraction patterns and energy spectrum measures is introduced along with a systematic comparison of the zeroth‐order energy spectrum main features for BACs belonging to different spectral classes, including Fibonacci‐class, precious means, metallic means, mixed means and period doubling based representatives. These systems are described by means of mixed‐type Hamiltonians which include both diagonal and off‐diagonal terms aperiodically distributed. An algebraic approach highlighting chemical correlation effects present in the underlying lattice is introduced. Close analytical expressions are obtained by exploiting some algebraic properties of suitable blocking schemes preserving the atomic order of the original lattice. The existence of a resonance energy which defines the basic anatomy of the zeroth‐order energy spectra structure for the standard Fibonacci, the precious means and the Fibonacci‐class quasicrystals is disclosed. This eigenstate is also found in the energy spectra of BACs belonging to other spectral classes, but for specific particular choices of the corresponding model parameters only. The transmission coefficient of these resonant states is always bounded below, although their related Landauer conductance values may range from highly conductive to highly resistive ones, depending on the relative strength of the chemical bonds.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbosulfonylation of Alkynes via Sulfonyl Radicals
Authors: García‐Domínguez Andrés , Müller Simona , Nevado Cristina 
Published: July 2017

Abstractβ,β‐Disubstituted vinyl sulfones were obtained with complete regio‐ and stereocontrol in a multicomponent reaction involving alkynes, organoboronic acids, and sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The reaction proceeds via sulfonyl radicals generated in situ under mild reaction conditions.
Preparation of chitosan functionalized end‐capped Ag‐NPs and composited with Fe3O4‐NPs: Controlled release to pH‐responsive delivery of progesterone and antibacterial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO‐1)
Authors: Pourebrahim Faezeh , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Dashtian Kheibar , Kheirandish Shadi , Jannesar Ramin , Pezeshkpour Vahid 
Published: July 2017

In this work, functionalized chitosan end‐capped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and composited with Fe3O4‐NPs was prepared as pH‐responsive controlled release carrier for gastric‐specific drug delivery. The structure of prepared material was characterized by FE‐SEM, XRD, EDS and FT‐IR analysis. The loading behavior of the progesterone onto this novel material was studied in aqueous medium at 25°C and their release was followed spectrophotometrically at 37°C in seven different buffer solutions (pH 1.2, 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 and 7.2) to simulate intestine and gastric media which experimental results reveal more release rate in pH 1.2 (gastric medium) with respect to other buffers. This observation is attributed to dependency of the CS‐IMBDO‐Ag‐Fe3O4‐NPs and progesterone structure with buffer pH that candidate this new material as prospective pH‐sensitive carrier for gastric‐targeted drug delivery. On the other hand, the antibacterial properties of this material against gram‐negative bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO‐1) in agar plates was studied and accordingly based on broth micro dilution the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with respect to standard CLSI in different concentrations of CS‐IMBDO‐Ag‐Fe3O4‐NPs was calculated. The results reveal that MIC and MBC values are 50 and 1250 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, extracts of Portulaca oleracea leaves was prepared and its antibacterial activity in single and binary system with CS‐IMBDO‐Ag‐Fe3O4‐NPs as synergies effect against PAO‐1 was tested and results shown that these materials have significant synergistic effect for each other.
Cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactone and cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactam blended nanofibers for protease immobilization
Authors: Aykut Yakup , Sevgi Tuba , Demirkan Elif 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTEnzymes can be used multiple times when they are immobilized on a support. More enzymes can be immobilized on a surface when nanofibers are used as a supporting surface because the specific surface area increases tremendously. In this regard, polycaprolactam/cellulose monoacetate (PA6/CMA) and polycaprolactone/cellulose monoacetate (PCL/CMA) blended nanofibers (NFs) were prepared via an electrospinning process. Protease enzymes were immobilized on neat PA6, PCL, PA6/CMA, and PCL/CMA nanofibers and glutaraldehyde (GA) activated analogs through the physical adsorption method. The immobilized enzyme activity was measured by using a casein substrate, and the results were compared with free enzyme activity. Among all of the samples, the highest immobilization yield of about 82% was obtained with GA‐activated neat PCL NF samples. The best remaining activity of the immobilized enzymes on pure CMA NFs was found to be 59% after seven reuses. Even after nine reuses, enzyme activities are still observed on the CMA NF samples. It was expected that the addition of CMA in PCL and PA6 NFs would increase the reusability number to reach the reusability of CMA NFs, but it was not significantly enhanced. If CMA chains could be mostly collected on the sheath or close to the sheath of the NFs during the electrospinnig process, this target could be achieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45479.
Ionic Complexes of Tetra‐ and Nonanuclear Cage Copper(II) Phenylsilsesquioxanes: Synthesis and High Activity in Oxidative Catalysis
Authors: Bilyachenko Alexey N. , Kulakova Alena N. , Levitsky Mikhail M. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Titov Aleksei A. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Shul'pina Lidia S. , Lamaty Frédéric , Bantreil Xavier , Villemejeanne Benoît , Ruiz Cindy , Martinez Jean , Shubina Elena S. , Shul'pin Georgiy B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we describe an approach to cage metallasilsesquioxanes by self‐assembly with 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane as a key reactant. This approach allowed us to achieve a unique family of complexes that includes anionic tetra‐ and nonanuclear cage copper(II) sodium silsesquioxane and cationic copper(I) 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane components. Additional representatives of this intriguing metallasilsesquioxane family (Cu9Na6 and Cu9Na3Cs3) were obtained through the replacement of the original ethanol‐based reaction medium by DMSO. The fascinating structural peculiarities of all products were established by using XRD and topological studies. Initial tests for the application of the synthesized complexes as catalysts revealed their very high activity in the homogeneous oxidation of alkanes and alcohols to produce alkyl hydroperoxides, ketones, and amides.
Towards a Universal Approach for the Analysis of Impedance Spectra of Perovskite Solar Cells: Equivalent Circuits and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Todinova Anna , Contreras‐Bernal Lidia , Salado Manuel , Ahmad Shahzada , Morillo Neftalí , Idígoras Jesús , Anta Juan A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImpedance spectroscopy is a powerful electrochemical small‐perturbation technique that provides dynamic electrical data in solar cells. This technique has been widely used to characterize dye‐sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Physical parameters are normally obtained by fitting to an equivalent circuit, composed of electrical elements which theoretically correspond to physical processes involved in the photoconversion process. A variety of equivalent circuits to model the impedance spectra of PSCs are commonly used by different research groups. In this work, we evaluate their performance and adequacy. We demonstrate the analytical and numerical equivalence of impedance expressions for Voight, matryoshka, and hybrid circuits, which are used to fit a typical impedance spectrum of a PSC and compare the resulting parameters to the empirical values obtained without any equivalent circuit. The numerical equivalence can be demonstrated by using two‐ and three‐component impedance spectra. In contrast, Maxwell‐type equivalent circuits reveal parameters that have a more complex relation to empirical values. The presence of inductive effects such as “loops” and “negative tails” in impedance spectra are also discussed in terms of negative values of resistances and capacitances. We propose a general protocol to analyze impedance data of PSCs and to extract useful information from them.
Optimized Solid‐Phase‐Assisted Synthesis of Oleic Acid Containing siRNA Nanocarriers
Authors: Reinhard Sören , Zhang Wei , Wagner Ernst 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCationic lipo‐oligomers containing unsaturated oleic acid are potent siRNA carriers based on electrostatic and hydrophobic lipo‐polyplex formation and endosomal membrane destabilization. Lipo‐oligomers can be produced by solid‐phase‐supported synthesis in sequence‐defined form. However, the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)‐mediated removal of acid‐labile protecting groups and cleavage from the resin can be accompanied by side products caused by the addition of TFA to the double bonds of oleic acid. Under aqueous conditions, these TFA adducts of oleic acid are converted into hydroxystearic acid derivatives. The cleavage protocol was optimized to decrease TFA adducts. The pure oleic acid (C18:1) containing lipo‐oligomer was compared with analogous structures containing saturated or modified hydrophobic moieties (stearic acid (C18:0), hydroxystearic acid, and 8‐nonanamidooctanoic acid). The structure containing intact oleic acid shows favorable pH dependency of lytic activity, efficient gene silencing, and excellent cell tolerability relative to its counterparts.
Volatile profiles of the orpines roots: Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba, H. maximum (L.) Holub and H. spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba x telephium (L.) H. Ohba
Authors: Jovanović Snežana Č. , Jovanović Olga P. , Mitić Zorica S. , Golubović Tatjana D. , Zlatković Bojan K. , Stojanović Gordana S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe family of succulent plants, Crassulaceae, is known for many benefits, as well for the limited distribution of aromatic representatives. It is also observed the deficiency of data on content and distribution of volatile compounds within the genus Hylotelephium. Accordingly, this is the first report on volatiles from roots of three Hylotelephium taxa: H. telephium, H. maximum and H. spectabile x telephium. Two types of volatiles were isolated: headspace (HS) volatiles and solvent extract volatiles from the distillation water (SE), further analyzed by GC–MS/FID. The obtained results contribute to the knowledge that some of the genera of Crassulaceae family “hides” unexplored sources of aromaticity and fragrance. All three SEs are characterized by low yields and the high content of monoterpene alcohol – myrtenol. The differences are mostly reflected in content of some myrtenol analogs (cis‐myrtanol, trans‐myrtanol and myrtenoic acid) and aliphatic alcohol oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol. HS volatiles of H. telephium and H. spectabile x telephium contain myrtenol and oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol, while H. maximum beside them contain 3‐octanol in significant amount. Additionally, characteristic distribution pattern of the SE volatiles could be used for chemotaxonomic purposes, while the distribution pattern of HS volatiles is practically inapplicable in that manner. Due to high content of myrtenol in root volatiles, it could be used in traditional medicine, as supplement, flavouring or aroma agent.
MEG biomarker of Alzheimer's disease: Absence of a prefrontal generator during auditory sensory gating
Authors: Josef Golubic Sanja , Aine Cheryl J. , Stephen Julia M. , Adair John C. , Knoefel Janice E. , Supek Selma 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG), a direct measure of neuronal activity, is an underexplored tool in the search for biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we used MEG source estimates of auditory gating generators, nonlinear correlations with neuropsychological results, and multivariate analyses to examine the sensitivity and specificity of gating topology modulation to detect AD. Our results demonstrated the use of MEG localization of a medial prefrontal (mPFC) gating generator as a discrete (binary) detector of AD at the individual level and resulted in recategorizing the participant categories in: (1) controls with mPFC generator localized in response to both the standard and deviant tones; (2) a possible preclinical stage of AD participants (a lower functioning group of controls) in which mPFC activation was localized to the deviant tone only; and (3) symptomatic AD in which mPFC activation was not localized to either the deviant or standard tones. This approach showed a large effect size (0.9) and high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (100%) in identifying symptomatic AD patients within a limited research sample. The present results demonstrate high potential of mPFC activation as a noninvasive biomarker of AD pathology during putative preclinical and clinical stages.Hum Brain Mapp 38:5180–5194, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transepithelial transport of milk‐derived angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptide with the RLSFNP sequence
Authors: Guo Yuxing , Gan Junai , Zhu Qian , Zeng Xiaoqun , Sun Yangying , Wu Zhen , Pan Daodong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo exert an antihypertensive effect after oral administration, angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory peptides must remain active after intestinal transport. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the transport permeability and route of ACE‐inhibitory peptide Arg‐Leu‐Ser‐Phe‐Asn‐Pro (RLSFNP) across the intestinal epithelium using Caco‐2 cell monolayers.RESULTSIntact RLSFNP and RLSFNP breakdown fragments F, FNP, SFNP and RLSF were found in RLSFNP transport solution across Caco‐2 cell monolayers using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. RLSFNP fragments FNP, SFNP and RLSF also contributed to ACE inhibitory effects. Protease inhibitors (bacitracin and leupeptin) and absorption enhancers (sodium glycocholate hydrate, sodium deoxycholate and Na2EDTA) improved the transport flux of RLSFNP. A transport inhibitor experiment showed that intact RLSFNP may be transported via the paracellular route.CONCLUSIONIntact RLSFNP can be transported across the Caco‐2 cell monolayers via the paracellular route. Extensive hydrolysis was the chief reason for the low permeability of RLSFNP. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry