bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance in adolescents of the two Japanese serum creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate equations, for adults and paediatric patients: A study of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry and Japan Kidney Disease Registry from 2007 to 2013
Authors: Uemura Osamu , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Ishikura Kenji , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Sato Hiroshi , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Honda Masataka , Matsuo Seiichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere are two different Japanese serum creatinine‐based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), for adults and paediatric patients, with both equations deemed applicable to 18‐year‐old subjects. This study assessed the relative accuracy of the two equations in assessing eGFR in patients aged 18 years with chronic kidney disease. A total of 3042 patients (1679 males and 1363 females), aged 2–20 years, who were registered in the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry or the Japan Kidney Disease Registry between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated. eGFR values derived from formulas for children (Uemura's formula) and adults (the 3‐variable Japanese formula) were calculated and compared, especially in patients aged 18 years. At all ages, but especially at younger ages, eGFR was significantly higher when calculated with the adult than the paediatric formula. This finding was also observed in 18‐year‐old adolescents with eGFR <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (P = 0.026). However, the mean difference between the two calculated eGFRs was only 2.79 mL/min per 1.73 m2. These findings indicate that both creatinine‐based equations used to calculate eGFR rate in Japanese children and adults with chronic kidney disease could be used to determine eGFR in 18‐year‐old subjects, with the difference between the two within permissible levels for clinical use.
Is there a practical role for bone biopsy in chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Diamond Terrence , Elder Grahame J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBone biopsy is currently the only means to accurately assess renal osteodystrophy and responses to therapeutic interventions. With sedation, the technique is relatively painless, and complications are uncommon. Bone biopsy should be considered when the aetiology of symptoms or biochemical abnormalities is in question, and results may lead to changes in therapy. Although it remains prudent to use antiresorptive drugs cautiously in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3a–4 and low bone mineral density, bone biopsy may not be warranted before commencing therapy in these patients. Histomorphometric indices adopted for bone biopsy assessment are turnover (T), mineralisation (M) and volume (V). Often, only measurements of trabecular bone are reported; however, marked cortical changes are common in CKD and may be critical to bone structure and integrity. MicroCT of bone biopsies can rapidly assess static parameters and provides information on the cortical and trabecular compartments that may influence management. Limitations of bone biopsy include the time required for pre‐biopsy tetracycline labelling and sample processing, and a paucity of facilities to process and report samples. Patients with CKD may not respond predictably to treatments, and because the biopsy sample is illustrative of activity at only one skeletal site and one point in time, assessment of real‐time laboratory trends is always required. Optimally, we need a non‐invasive ‘virtual bone biopsy’ that provides information for initiating and monitoring therapy. However, bone biopsy is the current standard by which the accuracy of investigational imaging techniques, hormonal values and biochemical turnover markers are judged.
Do the benefits of using calcitriol and other vitamin D receptor activators in patients with chronic kidney disease outweigh the harms?
Authors: Toussaint Nigel D , Damasiewicz Matthew J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe primary indication for administration of calcitriol or other vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Prevention and treatment of SHPT appears important, as imbalances in mineral metabolism are associated with renal osteodystrophy, and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are associated with increased rates of mortality and morbidity in CKD patients. There is, however, a lack of controlled trial data that show lowering PTH with calcitriol/VDRA equates to improved clinical outcomes. Recent randomized controlled trials have concentrated on potential benefits of calcitriol/VDRA on cardiovascular outcomes and reduction of proteinuria and on possible differences between calcitriol and the various VDRA. Several systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have also been published, evaluating the benefits and harms of calcitriol/VDRA. Concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of calcitriol/VDRA for suppression of SHPT in the CKD stages 3–5 population, as well as potential adverse outcomes such as hypercalcaemia and elevation in FGF23 levels, suggesting their routine use to treat SHPT in the pre‐dialysis CKD population may not be favourable. Conversely, concerns still exist about the wide PTH range in advanced CKD, and that high values may negatively impact bone quality, result in the progression of parathyroid hyperplasia and decrease the effectiveness of treatments to reduce PTH. We discuss the current controversies relating to the challenges in the management of SHPT in patients with CKD stages 3–5 and the need for more evidence to determine the efficacy or harm of using calcitriol/VDRA in this population.
Management of mineral and bone disorders in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Damasiewicz Matthew J , Ebeling Peter R 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe management of post‐transplantation bone disease is a complex problem that remains under‐appreciated in clinical practice. In these patients, pre‐existing metabolic bone disorder is further impacted by the use of immunosuppressive medications (glucocorticoids and calcineurin‐inhibitors), variable post‐transplantation renal allograft function and post‐transplantation diabetes mellitus. The treatment of post‐transplantation bone loss should begin pre‐transplantation. All patients active on transplant waiting lists should be screened for bone disease. Patients should also be encouraged to take preventative measures against osteoporosis such as regular weight‐bearing exercise, smoking cessation and reducing alcohol consumption. Biochemical abnormalities of disordered mineral metabolism should be corrected prior to transplantation wherever possible, and because these abnormalities commonly persist, post transplant hypophosphatemia, persistent hyperparathyroidism and low vitamin D levels should be regularly monitored and treated. Bone loss is greatest in the first 6–12 months post‐transplantation, during which period any intervention is likely to be of greatest benefit. There is strong evidence that bisphosphonates prevent post‐transplantation bone loss; however, data are lacking that this clearly extends to a reduction in fracture incidence. Denosumab is a potential alternative to vitamin D receptor agonists and bisphosphonates in reducing post‐transplantation bone loss; however, further studies are needed to demonstrate its safety in patients with a significantly reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. Clinical judgement remains the cornerstone of this complex clinical problem, providing a strong rationale for the formation of combined endocrinology and nephrology clinics to treat patients with Chronic Kidney Disease‐Mineral and Bone Disorder, before and after transplantation.
Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom
Authors: Basu Swaraj , Patil Shrikant , Mapleson Daniel , Russo Monia Teresa , Vitale Laura , Fevola Cristina , Maumus Florian , Casotti Raffaella , Mock Thomas , Caccamo Mario , Montresor Marina , Sanges Remo , Ferrante Maria Immacolata 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Microalgae play a major role as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Cell signalling regulates their interactions with the environment and other organisms, yet this process in phytoplankton is poorly defined. Using the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata, we investigated the cell response to cues released during sexual reproduction, an event that demands strong regulatory mechanisms and impacts on population dynamics.

We sequenced the genome of P. multistriata and performed phylogenomic and transcriptomic analyses, which allowed the definition of gene gains and losses, horizontal gene transfers, conservation and evolutionary rate of sex‐related genes. We also identified a small number of conserved noncoding elements.

Sexual reproduction impacted on cell cycle progression and induced an asymmetric response of the opposite mating types. G protein‐coupled receptors and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are implicated in the response to sexual cues, which overall entails a modulation of cell cycle, meiosis‐related and nutrient transporter genes, suggesting a fine control of nutrient uptake even under nutrient‐replete conditions.

The controllable life cycle and the genome sequence of P. multistriata allow the reconstruction of changes occurring in diatoms in a key phase of their life cycle, providing hints on the evolution and putative function of their genes and empowering studies on sexual reproduction.
Decision‐making in obesity without eating disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of Iowa gambling task performances
Authors: Rotge J.‐Y. , Poitou C. , Fossati P. , Aron‐Wisnewsky J. , Oppert J.‐M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundThere is evidence that obesity is associated with impairments in executive functions, such as deficits in decision‐making, planning or problem solving, which might interfere with weight loss in obese individuals. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of decision‐making abilities, as measured with the Iowa gambling task (IGT), in obesity without eating disorders.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify studies comparing IGT performances between groups of obese patients without eating disorders and groups of healthy control groups. The standardized mean differences were calculated for the total IGT scores and for the course of IGT scores. Meta‐regression analyses were performed to explore the influence of clinical variables on standardized mean differences.ResultsTotal IGT scores were significantly lower in obese patients compared with normal‐weight healthy controls. IGT performances did not differ between groups for the first trials of the task. Significant effect sizes for the last trials of the task were subjected to a high degree of heterogeneity.ConclusionRisky decision‐making is impaired in obesity. The clinical importance of non‐food‐related decision‐making impairments remains to be assessed especially in terms of consequences in daily life or the achievement of weight loss.This meta‐analysis has been registered in the Prospero database (CRD42016037533).
Suppression of OsMADS7 in rice endosperm stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Heng , Feng Mengjie , Zhu Ying 
Published: April 2017

SummaryHigh temperature significantly alters the amylose content of rice, resulting in mature grains with poor eating quality. However, only few genes and/or quantitative trait loci involved in this process have been isolated and the molecular mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Here, we describe a floral organ identity gene, OsMADS7, involved in stabilizing rice amylose content at high temperature. OsMADS7 is greatly induced by high temperature at the early filling stage. Constitutive suppression of OsMADS7 stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress but results in low spikelet fertility. However, rice plants with both stable amylose content at high temperature and normal spikelet fertility can be obtained by specifically suppressing OsMADS7 in endosperm. GBSSI is the major enzyme responsible for amylose biosynthesis. A low filling rate and high expression of GBSSI were detected in OsMADS7 RNAi plants at high temperature, which may be correlated with stabilized amylose content in these transgenic seeds under high temperature. Thus, specific suppression of OsMADS7 in endosperm could improve the stability of rice amylose content at high temperature, and such transgenic materials may be a valuable genetic resource for breeding rice with elite thermal resilience.
Sll1783, a monooxygenase associated with polysaccharide processing in the unicellular cyanobacterium SynechocystisPCC 6803
Authors: Miranda Hélder , Immerzeel Peter , Gerber Lorenz , Hörnaeus Katarina , Lind Sara Bergström , Pattanaik Bagmi , Lindberg Pia , Mamedov Fikret , Lindblad Peter 
Published: April 2017

Cyanobacteria play a pivotal role as the primary producer in many aquatic ecosystems. The knowledge on the interacting processes of cyanobacteria with its environment – abiotic and biotic factors – is still very limited. Many potential exocytoplasmic proteins in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 have unknown functions and their study is essential to improve our understanding of this photosynthetic organism and its potential for biotechnology use. Here we characterize a deletion mutant of Synechocystis PCC 6803, Δsll1783, a strain that showed a remarkably high light resistance which is related with its lower thylakoid membrane formation. Our results suggests Sll1783 to be involved in a mechanism of polysaccharide degradation and uptake and we hypothesize it might function as a sensor for cell density in cyanobacterial cultures.
Interdisciplinary interface between fixed prosthodontics and periodontics
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Lyons Karl M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough periodontal factors do not usually have a direct effect on the survival of a fixed prosthesis, harmony between the prosthesis and the periodontium is critical otherwise esthetics, the longevity of the prosthesis and the periodontium will be compromised. A close interdisciplinary relationship between periodontics and prosthodontics is therefore necessary to avoid an unsatisfactory treatment outcome, requiring extensive and expensive retreatment. The design of the prosthesis, the number and quality of the abutment teeth, the preparation and the pontic, the occlusion and the material need to be considered when planning prosthodontic treatment. The location of the preparation margin and the contour and emergence profile of the prosthesis will influence the response of the gingival tissues to the prosthesis. Pontic design and cleansibility also contribute to the response of the gingival tissues as well as to the clinical and esthetic outcome. Even an optimal pontic design will not prevent inflammation of the mucosa adjacent to the pontic if pontic hygiene is not maintained by removal of plaque. Case selection and the patients’ ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene are therefore essential for longevity of the prosthesis, and regular reviews provide an opportunity for early detection and treatment of failures.
The periodontal restorative interface: esthetic considerations
Authors: Bennani Vincent , Ibrahim Hadeel , Al‐Harthi Latfiya , Lyons Karl M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEsthetic considerations are a significant contributing factor in the management of prosthodontic cases and an interdisciplinary approach is often necessary to achieve an optimal result. The visible soft‐tissue architecture plays a key role in developing an esthetic smile. Furthermore, an understanding of the relationship between the restorative margin and the gingiva is important for long‐term stability of the result. The gingival architecture and gingival health are important for ensuring optimal esthetics following prosthodontic work and close attention to both soft and hard tissues around the teeth, before, during and after restorative procedures, will greatly improve the likelihood of a successful outcome. Moreover, knowing the options available in periodontal plastic surgery is important in esthetic dentistry today. The relevant literature related to restorative and surgical procedures when performing esthetic dentistry are reviewed in this article, and different approaches are illustrated with appropriate cases to explain the treatment approach that was utilized to improve the esthetic appearance of the case.
Periodontal disease and the special needs patient
Authors: Brown Louise F. , Ford Pauline J. , Symons Anne L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIndividuals with special needs are at more risk of dental disease, including periodontal diseases, and have a greater prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases than the rest of the population. Genetic or medical conditions, and/or the use of prescription medication or recreational substances, may further increase the risk for susceptibility to periodontal disease. The success of preventing or controlling periodontal diseases amongst this group of patients has not been established. Even those individuals who access regular and comprehensive dental care appear to develop periodontal diseases as they age, and this development occurs at a rate comparable to the natural history of the disease. The reasons behind the lack of success of interventions in reducing the incidence of periodontal diseases are complex and part of the lack of success may relate to the professional challenges in treating individuals with special needs.
The place of periodontal examination and referral in general medicine
Authors: Chan Samuel , Pasternak Graham M. , West Malcolm J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn many countries, dental services, unlike other health‐care services, are not covered by the principle of universal access. It is only in the last couple of decades that there has been a greater interaction between medicine and dentistry. Various health‐care systems worldwide may provide public dental services to the young and the disadvantaged, but few provide access to all. Public policy does not appear to appreciate the vast economic, health and social implications of poor oral health on the overall health of an individual. Recognizing and acting on the interrelatedness between oral health and overall health helps to protect patients from pathological diseases, such as infective endocarditis, suboptimal glycemic control and deterioration in renal function. This review article examines some of the medical conditions to which patients are predisposed as a result of poor dental care. Additionally, the paper provides some real‐life case examples to support this hypothesis, reinforces the importance of a strong relationship that needs to be embedded between the dentist and the physician and finally provides some suggestions for a multidisciplinary approach.
Evaluation of T2‐weighted versus short‐tau inversion recovery sagittal sequences in the identification and localization of canine intervertebral disc extrusion with low‐field magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Housley Daniel , Caine Abby , Cherubini Giunio , Taeymans Olivier 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSagittal T2‐weighted sequences (T2‐SAG) are the foundation of spinal protocols when screening for the presence of intervertebral disc extrusion. We often utilize sagittal short‐tau inversion recovery sequences (STIR‐SAG) as an adjunctive screening series, and experience suggests that this combined approach provides superior detection rates. We hypothesized that STIR‐SAG would provide higher sensitivity than T2‐SAG in the identification and localization of intervertebral disc extrusion. We further hypothesized that the parallel evaluation of paired T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG series would provide a higher sensitivity than could be achieved with either independent sagittal series when viewed in isolation. This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study blindly reviewed T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG sequences from dogs (n= 110) with surgically confirmed intervertebral disc extrusion. A consensus between two radiologists found no significant difference in sensitivity between T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG during the identification of intervertebral disc extrusion (T2‐SAG: 92.7%, STIR‐SAG: 94.5%,P= 0.752). Nevertheless, STIR‐SAG accurately identified intervertebral disc extrusion in 66.7% of cases where the evaluation of T2‐SAG in isolation had provided a false negative diagnosis. Additionally, one radiologist found that the parallel evaluation of paired T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG series provided a significantly higher sensitivity than T2‐SAG in isolation, during the identification of intervertebral disc extrusion (T2‐SAG: 78.2%, paired T2‐SAG, and STIR‐SAG: 90.9%,P= 0.017). A similar nonsignificant trend was observed when the consensus of both radiologists was taken into consideration (T2‐SAG: 92.7%, paired T2‐SAG, and STIR‐SAG = 97.3%,P= 0.392). We therefore conclude that STIR‐SAG is capable of identifying intervertebral disc extrusion that is inconspicuous in T2‐SAG, and that STIR‐SAG should be considered a useful adjunctive sequence during preliminary sagittal screening for intervertebral disc extrusion in low‐field magnetic resonance.
Retrospective evaluation of thoracic computed tomography findings in dogs naturally infected by Angiostrongylus vasorum
Authors: Coia Mark E. , Hammond Gawain , Chan Daniel , Drees Randi , Walker David , Murtagh Kevin , Stone Janine , Bexfield Nicholas , Reeve Lizzie , Helm Jenny 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum (A. vasorum) is an important emerging disease of canidae. Cardiorespiratory signs are common in affected dogs, therefore thoracic imaging is critical for diagnosing and monitoring disease. Descriptions of thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings in dogs naturally infected with A. vasorum are currently lacking. Aims of this multicenter, retrospective study were to describe thoracic CT findings in a group of dogs with confirmed disease, determine whether any changes were consistent among dogs, and propose standardized terms for describing thoracic CT findings. Nine UK‐based referral centers’ clinical and imaging databases were searched for dogs that had a confirmed diagnosis of A. vasorum, and had undergone thoracic CT examination. Eighteen dogs, from seven of the centers, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The lung lobes were divided into the following three zones and the CT changes described in each: pleural (zone 1), subpleural (zone 2), and peribronchovascular (zone 3). The predominent abnormality was increased lung attenuation due to poorly defined ground‐glass opacity or consolidation. There were regions of mosaic attenuation due to peripheral bronchiectasis. Nine/18 (50%) dogs showed hyperattenuating nodules of varying sizes with ill‐defined margins. The distribution always affected zones 1 and 2 with varied involvement of zone 3; this resulted in clear delineation between zones 2 and 3. Tracheobronchial lymphadenomegaly was frequently noted. Findings were nonspecific and there was considerable overlap with other pulmonary conditions. However, authors recommend that A. vasorum be considered a likely differential diagnosis for dogs with a predominantly peripheral distribution of lung changes.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Methylocaldum
sp. Strain 14B, an Obligate Hydrogen Sulfide-Tolerant Methanotrophic Strain That Can Convert Biogas to Methanol
Authors: Wei Xiangdong , Ge Xumen , Li Yebo , Yu Zhongtang 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Methylocaldum
sp. 14B, an obligate methanotrophic strain isolated from solid-state anaerobic digestion systems, is reported here. Strain 14B possesses genes for methane oxidation and exhibited tolerance to H
2
S.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Satellite Virus Associated with Cassava Plants
Authors: Souza Adriana N. , Silva Fábio N. , Carvalho Claudine M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
A novel satellite virus of 1,228 bp in length was found in a single cassava plant. Bioinformatic analyses show that it has two open reading frames (ORFs) in its genome, probably encoding a coat protein of 156 and a putative protein of 90 amino acids.