bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Suspended Particulate Matter Empirical Equation for Tropics Estuary from Landsat ETM+ Data
Authors: Razak Z , Zuhairi A , Shahbudin S , Rosnan Y 
Published: November 2017

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) essentially related to the total scattering of particles in the water column. It plays the role as a transport medium for pollutants, total load of organic and inorganic substance in the water phase. In this study, we have developed empirical relationship based on a strong relationship between Landsat near infrared (NIR) band and archived SPM data. The following were the power equations:SPM NE (mg/l) = 11.68x0.666SPM SW (mg/l) = 18.61x0.493where, x (TM4) is radiance of ETM+ NIR band 4 was developed under tropical atmospheric conditions. Using the above equation, the SPM concentration for Northeast and Southwest monsoon in the Pahang River estuary as a case study was determined. The mean SPM concentration and mean reflectance value during Northeast monsoon were 131.69 mg/l and 0.135 mg/l. The mean SPMconcentration value and reflectance were 95.94 mg/l and 0.078 mg/l during the Southwest monsoon. Generally, from remote sensing archive data and above equations, the SPM concentrations of Pahang River were successfully determined from 1999 to 2012.
Forecsting of Hydrological Time Series Data with Lag-one Markov Chain Model
Authors: Malek M. A , Baki A.M 
Published: November 2017

Planning and operation are important elements in water resource management. Rainfall forecasting is one of the conducts commonly used to extend the lead-time for catchments with short response time. However, it is difficult to obtain a high degree of accuracy in rainfall forecasting using deterministic models. Therefore, a probability-based rainfall forecasting model, based on Markov Chain provided a better alternative due to its ability to preserve the basic statistical properties ofthe original series. This method was especially useful in the absence of long-term recorded data, a rampant phenomenon in Malaysia. Comparison of statistics in the generated synthetic rainfall data against those of the observed data revealed that reasonable levels of acceptability were achieved.
Assessment Attributes on Effective Construction Management for Property Developers in Malaysia
Authors: Norizam Ayob , Malek M.A , Mohamad I 
Published: November 2017

Property developers are financially capable of running construction projects. Nevertheless, in Malaysia it was found that many of these construction practitioners failed to provide effective construction management which affected society. The success of a project and its Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are considered as tools to improve the effectiveness of project management. Eventhough many researchers have conducted studies on CSFs, the use of CSFs has remained ambiguous. The main objective of this study is to validate the proposed assessment attributes obtained from the property developers based on CSFs. A questionnaire survey was conducted to validate this predeterminedattributes. Comparison was made with attributes from Project Management Book of Knowledge in order to explore the underlying suitability of the proposed attributes with the study area in terms of climate, economy, etc. Factor Analysis was adopted to investigate the group component relationships. This study focuses on the link between CSFs and the implementation of an effective construction management specifically for property developers in Malaysia.
Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and its Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Bui X.V , Thang T.D 
Published: November 2017

The main goal of this study is to elaborate and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powder: an associate compound of hydroxyapatite (HA): Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP): Ca3(PO4)2. The new compound BCP has two advantages: high bioactivity (HA) and fast biodegradation (β-TCP). The obtained powder of BCP was prepared by the precipitate method. XRD analysis confirmed the synthetic material contained both HA and β-TCP crystalline phases. SEM images showed that the small particles of HA attached to bigger particles of β-TCP in the structure morphology of BCP. The in vitro experiment was carried out in static condition by soaking of a series of 50 mg BCP powder in 100 ml of simulated body fluid solution at different period of soaking time. The XRD and SEM methods studied the microstructureand chemical bond after soaking. The obtained results confirmed the bioactivity of synthetic BCP material by the formation of a new apatite layer on its surface.
Synthesis and in vitro Experiment of Biomaterial Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Bui X.V 
Published: November 2017

Calcium phosphate ceramics consist of materials such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium phosphate cement (CPC), biphasic calcium phosphate, etc. CPCs have been used for filling bone defects in dentistry and orthopedics. Among these materials, β-tricalcium phosphate is suggestedas an ideal candidate for bone graft in hard tissue engineering due to its high biocompatibility, bioactivity and bone bonding. The preparation, as well as the application of this powder material, has been the important topic of research in material science. In this paper, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), a component that has chemical formulation similar to bone structure, was synthesized by the precipitate method and then calcinated at 1000oC for 5 h. The physico-chemical properties of synthetic material were examined by XRD, FT-IR and SEM methods. In vitro experience was also carried by soaking β-TCP simulated body fluid powder in a different period of time. Obtained results confirmed the quality of β-TCP synthetic material and its bioactivity.
Usage of UASB Reactor to Assess Feasibility of Treatment of Paper Mill Effluent
Authors: Arshad A , Hashim N.H , Ghazala N 
Published: November 2017

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors R-I and R-II, each with an effective volume of 6.0 l were used to study the treatability of actual effluent obtained from paper mills at a mesophilic temperature and neutral pH. Methanol, as a source of an easily biodegradable substance along with activated carbon of effective size 1.5 mm–2.5 mm were added to the reactor R-I to a total depth of 12 cm to evaluate its efficiency. The pH of both the reactors were kept constant at neutral by adding an external buffer solution of 0.03 M NaHCO3 with the feed solution. It was observed that corresponding to an organic loading rate of 3.5 kg-COD/m3-day, the overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the reactors R-I and R-II were 88% and 64%, respectively. The absorbable organic halides removal efficiency was observed to be 72% and 47% for reactorR-I and R-II, respectively. During the study it was however observed that, the treatability efficiency of reactor R-I was comparatively better but the amount of its biogas production was slightly lower than that of R-II. The average biogas production in reactors R-I and R-II during the course of study was observed as 0.33 l/g-CODremoved and 0.42 l/g-CODremoved respectively, with a mean methane composition of 58%–61% in both the reactors. Kinetic coefficients of k, Ks, Y and kd were determined to be 0.7 g-TOC/g-VSS.d, 0.30 g-TOC/l, 0.26 g-VSS/g-TOC and 0.02 day–1 respectively, based on the results obtained from reactor R-I. The results of this study showed that the use of methanol andan activated carbon in a UASB reactor to anaerobically digest the paper mills effluent at a mesophilic temperature and a neutral pH reactor was quite a feasible and viable technique.
Implementation of a Communication Satellite Orbit Controller Design Using State Space Techniques
Authors: HLA M.T , Lae Y.M , Kyaw S.L , Zaw M.N 
Published: November 2017

This research is of great importance for controlling the altitude of a satellite, especially one used for global communications in a geo-stationary orbit. The objective of this research was to advance a design based on the modelling of an orbit controller for a satellite orbiting into a circular orbit. This encompasses a good understanding of the system’s dynamics. Once a satellite is launchedinto a desired orbit, it never remains in this ideal orbit. The external forces present in space cause perturbations to the ideal orbit. To bring the satellite back into the desired orbit, on-board thrusters provide the in-orbit propulsion. In this research, the altitude of the satellite was controlled by a thruster fashioned by the on-board thrusters installed in the radial and tangential directions. However,dictated by the controllable prerequisite, we achieved dynamic system stabilization with the aid of two thrusters as well as one thruster. Thus, the feedback dynamic control system responded to both the two-input and the single-input cases. The model developed was effectively a linearized, normalizedand state-space model. The simulation of this model was based on the MATLAB environment. The design evolved accordingly was used to revise the effect of pole placement on the controlling parameters, such as settling time, peak time, overshoot, and damping ratio of the closed-loop system. This enabled us to make predictions on the stability requirements for several dynamic systems ofthe type considered. The design tool thus developed was applied to an actual current communication satellite design. The design results were evaluated and recommendations completed.
Nanoherbals in Human Healthcare: A Proposed Research and Development Roadmap II
Authors: Ahmad S , Hashim U 
Published: November 2017

Bioactive secondary metabolites derived from herbs are examined for their suitability of conversion into nanoforms having flexible morphological controls, surface stabilizations and surface functionalization. This can lead to stable chemical conjugations based on molecular recognition for their possible applications in the form of smart pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmaceuticals and many other related areas of human healthcare using green chemistry routes. Using the principles of nanoscience and technology in association with genomics and proteomics, an attempt has been made to decipher whether a suitable form of drug discovery and targeted drug delivery like schemes are feasible in case of such nano phytochemicals using various kinds of nanosize carriers and labelling molecules already identified in the course of investigations of contemporary single molecule drug developments. Additional efforts can clarify whether such species will be successful in the early detection of diseases based on marker molecules. Once identified, these green phytochemicals will certainly replace many hazardous chemical compounds by their environmentally friendly and sustainable forms in times to come.
Developing a Generalized Combined Model for Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Pressure Drop in Elbow Bends
Authors: Aung N.Z , Yuwono T 
Published: November 2017

In this work, a generalized combined model was proposed for prediction of two-phase flow pressure drop in elbow bends. In this proposed model, restriction, frictional and elevational losses were considered separately. The frictional and static losses were approached by using Lockhart_Martinelli correlation. This model was tested to predict the pressure drop across the elbows with inside diameter of 0.036 m and R/D = 0.6, 2.5. The superficial liquid velocity was varied in the range of0.3~1.1 m/s and volumetric gas quality was varied from 0.02~0.3. The results from this model had good predictions with a maximum error of ±13% for long elbow bends and showed great discrepancy with a peak error of –50% for short elbow bends. The model is reliably acceptable for the elbow bends with relative radius (R/D) greater than 2 at volumetric gas fractions less than 0.3.
Phase Manifestation and Formation of Nanoemulsions Composed of Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquid, Tween 80/Span 80 and Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349
Authors: Ng S. H. , WOI P. M. , ENG C. C. 
Published: November 2017

onic liquids (ILs) can enhance topical and transdermal delivery, as well as increase the solubility of sparingly soluble drugs. In the present work, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of emulsions were composed of a mixture of non-ionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80®) and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80®) in weight fraction: 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 2:3, LabrafacTM Lipophile WL 1349 as an oil phase and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [(HMIM) (Cl)] as a continuous phase. Emulsion formulations were selected with 10% surfactants from the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and further prepared at 298.2 ± 0.1 K. Acoustic emulsificationmethod was used to prepare nanoemulsions that were mixed with freshly prepared hydrocolloid gum. The area of the single-phase zone in pseudo-ternary phase diagrams that varied with Tween 80® /Span 80® ratio in the order of 2:1 > 1:1 > 2:3 > 1:2 where Span 80® was replaced by an equivalent weight of Tween 80® to form IL-based nanoemulsions. [HMIM] [Cl] tended to create a two-phase system. Addition of carbopol® ultrez 20 copolymer into the continuous phase of the formulations gave single-phase nanoemulsions with good stability. The mixture of surfactants with weight ratio of 1:2 (Tween 80®/Span 80®) showed a good stability with the smallest particle size and greater surface charges in the system. These ionic liquid-based nanoemulsions might have the potential in drug delivery systems.
Evaluation of Cooking Oil as Processing Addtive for Natural Rubber
Authors: SYAMIN Y. M. , AZEMI S. , DZARAINI K. 
Published: November 2017

It was reported recently that high amount of aromatic ring or number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds found in aromatic oil are carcinogenic. This paper discusses the work to evaluate the Malaysian cooking oil as an alternative option to be used as process oil since cooking oil is safe to use and non-toxic. The performance of cooking oil is compared againstaromatic and paraffinioils. The results showed that rubber compounds containing cooking oil produced almostsimilar cure characteristicsas those produced by aromatic and paraffinioils indicating that it did not interfere with the vulcanization reaction. The physical properties of the vulcanizates containing cooking oil were almostsimilar to those of vulcanizates containing aromatic and paraffinioils, except the rebound resilience. The vulcanizates containing cooking oil gave higher resilience than vulcanizates containing aromatic and paraffinioils. High resilience is one of the desired features for a low rolling resistance tyre. Cooking oil provided this extra advantage.
Cathodic Electrodeposition and Characterization of ni3se2 thin Films
Authors: Anuar K , Zainal Z , Saravanan N , Kartini A.R 
Published: November 2017

Nickel selenide thin films have been potentiostatically electrodeposited on titanium substrate at room temperature from aqueous solution containing Ni-EDTA and Na2SeO3. Various deposition potentials were attempted in order to determine the optimum electrodeposition potential. The films were characterised using x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the photoactivity of the electrosynthesised films were studied using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The band-gap energy was determined using UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis indicated the formationof polycrystalline Ni3Se2. The film exhibited p-type semiconductor behaviour with good photosensitivity. The bandgap energy (Eg) was about 1.4eV.
Sengers syndrome in Asian Indians – two novel mutations and variant phenotype-genotype correlation
Authors: Khatter Sangeeta , Puri Ratna Dua , Bijarnia-Mahay Sunita , Aggarwal Mridul , Ramprasad V.L. , Saxena Renu , Verma Ishwar C. 
Published: November 2017

Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease comprising a tetrad of congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and lactic acidosis. Mutations in the AGK gene cause Senger syndrome. We describe two unrelated Asian Indian families with two novel mutations, c.909 G>A (p.Trp303Ter) and c.982G>T (p.E328Ter), in the AGK gene. Similar nonsense mutations have previously been reported with a severe phenotype and early infantile death, while this patient is doing well at 3 years, suggesting a mild phenotype. The second child tested positive for two previously reported mutations, c.841C>T (p.Arg281Ter) and c.424-3C>G. The presence of a splice site mutation typically predicts a milder phenotype with one exception reported to date. The second patient we report died at 9 months of age adding to the one previously reported exception. Both these cases add onto the scant literature of genotype phenotype correlation in Sengers syndrome. We emphasize the importance of diagnosis of this clinically recognizable syndrome to counsel families of recurrence risks and option of prenatal diagnosis.
Energy Dissipation and Nonthermal Diffusion on Interstellar Ice Grains
Authors: Fredon A. , Lamberts T. , Cuppen H. M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Interstellar dust grains are known to facilitate chemical reactions by acting as a meeting place and adsorbing energy. This process strongly depends on the ability of the reactive species to effectively diffuse over the surface. The cold temperatures around 10 K strongly hamper this for species other than H and H2. However, complex organic molecules have been observed in the gas phase at these cold conditions, indicating that their formation, as well as their return to the gas phase, should be effective. Here, we show how the energy released following surface reactions can be employed to solve both problems by inducing desorption or diffusion. To this purpose, we have performed thousands of Molecular Dynamics simulations to quantify the outcome of an energy dissipation process. Admolecules on top of a crystalline water surface have been given translational energy between 0.5 and 5 eV. Three different surface species are considered (CO2, H2O, and CH4), spanning a range in binding energies, number of internal degrees of freedom, and molecular weights. The admolecules are found to be able to travel up to several hundreds of angstroms before coming to a stand still, allowing for follow-up reactions en route. The probability of travel beyond any particular radius, as determined by our simulations, shows the same r dependence for all three admolecule species. Furthermore, we have been able to quantify the desorption probability, which depends on the binding energy of the species and the translational excitation. We provide expressions that can be incorporated in astrochemical models to predict grain surface formation and return into the gas phase of these products.
Contemporaneous Imaging Comparisons of the Spotted Giant σ Geminorum Using Interferometric, Spectroscopic, and Photometric Data
Authors: Roettenbacher Rachael M. , Monnier John D. , Korhonen Heidi , Harmon Robert O. , Baron Fabien , Hackman Thomas , Henry Gregory W. , Schaefer Gail H. , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Weber Michael , Brummelaar Theo A. ten 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Nearby active stars with relatively rapid rotation and large starspot structures offer the opportunity to compare interferometric, spectroscopic, and photometric imaging techniques. In this paper, we image a spotted star with three different methods for the first time. The giant primary star of the RS Canum Venaticorum binary σ Geminorum (σ Gem) was imaged for two epochs of interferometric, high-resolution spectroscopic, and photometric observations. The light curves from the reconstructions show good agreement with the observed light curves, supported by the longitudinally consistent spot features on the different maps. However, there is strong disagreement in the spot latitudes across the methods.
Doppler Shift Oscillations from a Hot Line Observed by IRIS
Authors: Li D. , Ning Z. J. , Huang Y. , Chen N.-H. , Zhang Q. M. , Su Y. N. , Su W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present a detailed investigation of the Doppler shift oscillations in a hot loop during an M7.1 flare on 2014 October 27 observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. The periodic oscillations are observed in the Doppler shift of Fe xxi 1354.09 Å (log

T
∼
7.05

), and the dominant period is about 3.1 minutes. However, such 3.1 minute oscillations are not found in the line-integrated intensity of Fe xxi 1354.09 Å, AIA EUV fluxes, or microwave emissions. Solar Dynamics Observatory/AIA and Hinode/XRT imaging observations indicate that the Doppler shift oscillations locate at the hot loop-top region (≥11 MK). Moreover, the differential emission measure results show that the temperature is increasing rapidly when the Doppler shift oscillates, but the number density does not exhibit the corresponding increases nor oscillations, implying that the flare loop is likely to oscillate in an incompressible mode. All of these facts suggest that the Doppler shift oscillations at the shorter period are most likely the standing kink oscillations in a flare loop. Meanwhile, a longer period of about 10 minutes is identified in the time series of Doppler shift and line-integrated intensity, GOES SXR fluxes, and AIA EUV light curves, indicating the periodic energy release in this flare, which may be caused by a slow mode wave.
The AGN–Star Formation Connection: Future Prospects with JWST
Authors: Kirkpatrick Allison , Alberts Stacey , Pope Alexandra , Barro Guillermo , Bonato Matteo , Kocevski Dale D. , Pérez-González Pablo , Rieke George H. , Rodríguez-Muñoz Lucia , Sajina Anna , Grogin Norman A. , Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , Pandya Viraj , Pforr Janine , Salvato Mara , Santini Paola 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The bulk of the stellar growth over cosmic time is dominated by IR-luminous galaxies at cosmic noon (

z
=
1
–
2

), many of which harbor a hidden active galactic nucleus (AGN). We use state-of-the-art infrared color diagnostics, combining Spitzer and Herschel observations, to separate dust-obscured AGNs from dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the CANDELS and COSMOS surveys. We calculate 24 μm counts of SFGs, AGN/star-forming “Composites,” and AGNs. AGNs and Composites dominate the counts above 0.8 mJy at 24 μm, and Composites form at least 25% of an IR sample even to faint detection limits. We develop methods to use the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on JWST to identify dust-obscured AGNs and Composite galaxies from

z
∼
1
–
2

. With the sensitivity and spacing of MIRI filters, we will detect >4 times as many AGN hosts as with Spitzer/IRAC criteria. Any star formation rates based on the 7.7 μm PAH feature (likely to be applied to MIRI photometry) must be corrected for the contribution of the AGN, or the star formation rate will be overestimated by ∼35% for cases where the AGN provides half the IR luminosity and ∼50% when the AGN accounts for 90% of the luminosity. Finally, we demonstrate that our MIRI color technique can select AGNs with an Eddington ratio of

λ

Edd

∼
0.01

and will identify AGN hosts with a higher specific star formation rate than X-ray techniques alone. JWST/MIRI will enable critical steps forward in identifying and understanding dust-obscured AGNs and the link to their host galaxies.