bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying techniques for the visualisation of agarose‐based chromatography media by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Nweke Mauryn C. , Turmaine Mark , McCartney R. Graham , Bracewell Daniel G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe drying of chromatography resins prior to scanning electron microscopy is critical to image resolution and hence understanding of the bead structure at sub‐micron level. Achieving suitable drying conditions is especially important with agarose‐based chromatography resins, as over‐drying may cause artefact formation, bead damage and alterations to ultrastructural properties; and under‐drying does not provide sufficient resolution for visualization under SEM. This paper compares and contrasts the effects of two drying techniques, critical point drying and freeze drying, on the morphology of two agarose based resins (MabSelect™/dw ≈85 µm and Capto™ Adhere/dw ≈75 µm) and provides a complete method for both. The results show that critical point drying provides better drying and subsequently clearer ultrastructural visualization of both resins under SEM. Under this protocol both the polymer fibers (thickness ≈20 nm) and the pore sizes (diameter ≈100 nm) are clearly visible. Freeze drying is shown to cause bead damage to both resins, but to different extents. MabSelect resin encounters extensive bead fragmentation, whilst Capto Adhere resin undergoes partial bead disintegration, corresponding with the greater extent of agarose crosslinking and strength of this resin. While freeze drying appears to be the less favorable option for ultrastructural visualization of chromatography resin, it should be noted that the extent of fracturing caused by the freeze drying process may provide some insight into the mechanical properties of agarose‐based chromatography media.
Corporate Sustainable Development and Marketing Communications on Social Media: Fortune 500 Enterprises
Authors: Lee Ya‐Ching 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study proposes a measurement to evaluate corporate sustainability marketing communications on social media implemented by Fortune 500 enterprises. The results reveal significant differences between sustainability marketing communications in blogs and on Facebook. This study makes theoretical contributions by proposing a customer‐centric SMC framework that integrates sustainability issues, stimulation of sustainable mindsets and encouragement of sustainable consumption. It also demonstrates how corporate sustainability marketing communications differ on different social media. In addition, practical suggestions are provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 promotes chemoresistance of lung cancer by inducing carbonic anhydrase IX expression
Authors: Sowa Terumasa , Menju Toshi , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi F. , Takahashi Koji , Nishikawa Shigeto , Nakanishi Takao , Shikuma Kei , Motoyama Hideki , Hijiya Kyoko , Aoyama Akihiro , Sato Toshihiko , Sonobe Makoto , Harada Hiroshi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLung cancer treatment is difficult owing to chemoresistance. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) and HIF‐1‐induced glycolysis are correlated with chemoresistance; however, this is not evident in lung cancer. We investigated the effect of HIF‐1α and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a transmembrane protein neutralizing intracellular acidosis, on chemoresistance and prognosis of lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Associations of HIF‐1α, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and CAIX with chemoresistance of lung cancer were investigated using A549 lung cancer cells under normoxia or hypoxia in vitro. HIF‐1α‐induced reprogramming of glucose metabolic pathway in A549 cells and the effects of HIF‐1 and CAIX on the cytotoxicity of vinorelbine were investigated. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine HIF‐1α, GLUT1, and CAIX expression levels in cancer specimens from lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Hypoxia induced HIF‐1α expression in A549 cells. Moreover, hypoxia induced GLUT1 and CAIX expression in A549 cells in a HIF‐1‐dependent manner. Glucose metabolic pathway was shifted from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis by inducing HIF‐1α in A549 cells. HIF‐1 and CAIX induced chemoresistance under hypoxia, and their inhibition restored the chemosensitivity of A549 cells. The expression levels of HIF‐1α, GLUT1, and CAIX were associated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. HIF‐1 and CAIX affected the chemosensitivity of A549 cells and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Therefore, inhibition of HIF‐1 and CAIX might improve prognosis of lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Further analysis might be helpful in developing therapies for lung cancer.
Prospective comparison between three TAVR devices: ACURATE neo vs. CoreValve vs. SAPIEN XT. A single heart team experience in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Jatene Tannas , Castro‐Filho Antonio , Meneguz‐Moreno Rafael A. , Siqueira Dimytri A. , Abizaid Alexandre A.C. , Ramos Auristela I.O. , Arrais Magaly , Le Bihan David C.S. , Barretto Rodrigo B.M. , Moreira Adriana C. , Sousa Amanda G.M.R. , Eduardo Sousa J. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveWe sought to compare the new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) device ACURATE neo (ACT) with the already established CoreValve (MCV) and SAPIEN XT (SXT) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS).BackgroundVery few data on TAVR devices are available beyond MCV and SAPIEN and there is no previous study comparing ACT with MCV and SXT.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for the treatment of severe AS. Clinical outcomes were reported following Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC‐2) criteria.ResultsA total of 162 patients (ACT n = 49, MCV n = 56, SXT n = 57), were included. MCV group had higher valve embolization/migration rates (ACT none; MCV 9%; SXT 2%; P = 0.034) causing lower device success rates (ACT 98%; MCV 86%; SXT 95%; P = 0.043). At 30 days, there was no significant difference in all‐cause mortality (P = 0.22), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.20), periprocedural myocardial infarction (P = 0.40), stroke (P = 0.64), major vascular complications (P = 0.48), life‐threatening bleeding (P = 0.29), acute kidney injury stage 2/3 (P = 0.69), or VARC‐2 composite early safety endpoints (P = 0.21). MCV group had higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation (ACT 6%; MCV 25%; SXT 11%; P = 0.013). Follow‐up echocardiography showed no significant difference in aortic valve mean pressure gradient (P = 0.73) or moderate/severe aortic regurgitation (P = 0.19) between groups.ConclusionsIn a “real world” registry, ACT compared favorably against the well‐studied SXT and MCV devices in both safety and efficacy. MCV implantation was associated with lower device success rates and higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mortality after percutaneous coronary revascularization: Prior cardiovascular risk factor control and improved outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Noman Awsan , Balasubramaniam Karthik , Alhous M. Hafez A. , Lee Kelvin , Jesudason Peter , Rashid Muhammad , Mamas Mamas A. , Zaman Azfar G. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to their insulin requirement and PCI setting (elective, urgent, and emergency).BackgroundDM is a major risk factor to develop coronary artery disease (CAD). It is unclear if meticulous glycemic control and aggressive risk factor management in patients with DM has improved outcomes following PCI.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 9,224 patients treated with PCI at a regional tertiary center between 2008 and 2011.ResultsAbout 7,652 patients were nondiabetics (non‐DM), 1,116 had non‐insulin treated diabetes mellitus (NITDM) and 456 had ITDM. Multi‐vessel coronary artery disease, renal impairment and non‐coronary vascular disease were more prevalent in DM patients. Overall 30‐day mortality rate was 2.4%. In a logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for 30‐day mortality were 1.28 (0.81–2.03, P = 0.34) in NITDM and 2.82 (1.61–4.94, P < 0.001) in ITDM compared with non‐DM. During a median follow‐up period of 641 days, longer‐term post‐30 day mortality rate was 5.3%. In the Cox's proportional hazard model, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for longer‐term mortality were 1.15 (0.88–1.49, P = 0.31) in NITDM and 1.88 (1.38–2.55, P < 0.001) in ITDM compared with non‐DM group. Similar result was observed in all three different PCI settings.ConclusionIn the modern era of aggressive cardiovascular risk factor control in diabetes, this study reveals higher mortality only in insulin‐treated diabetic patients following PCI for stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Importantly, diabetic patients with good risk factor control and managed on diet or oral hypoglycemics have similar outcomes to the non‐diabetic population. © 2016 The Authors Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Misleading bilateral blink reflex loss in a severe tetanus case
Authors: Neumann Bernhard , Schulte‐Mattler Wilhelm , Fuchs Kornelius , Zellner Ruth , Boy Sandra , Angstwurm Klemens 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageTetanus is rare and often forgotten in the diagnostic workup. The diagnosis is mainly based on typical clinical symptoms, because of missing sensitive paraclinical test. As described in our case, a missing bilateral blink reflex may occur in severe tetanus, which should not lead to the rejection of the diagnosis.
Major Role of Surface Area in Perovskite Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Systems
Authors: Hwang Chahwan , Gwon Ohhun , Jo Hongil , Ok Kang Min , Kim Guntae 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigate the role of lanthanides and the surface area of perovskite oxides to determine the electrocatalytic properties in processes such as the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. To evaluate the effects of A‐site lanthanide and the surface area, a series of lanthanide‐based perovskite nanoparticles (LnSCs) were successfully synthesized with simple co‐precipitation methods, and electrochemical tests were carried out with the LnSCs. According to the results, the catalytic activities are not affected by the A‐site lanthanides, but the surface area was found to be related to the current densities of the perovskite catalysts.
Mannose‐Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Loaded with Zinc Porphyrin: Investigation of the Multivalency Effect in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Staegemann Michael H. , Gitter Burkhard , Dernedde Jens , Kuehne Christian , Haag Rainer , Wiehe Arno 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe antibacterial photodynamic activity of hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) loaded with zinc porphyrin photosensitizers and mannose units was investigated. hPG, with a MW of 19.5 kDa, was functionalized with about 15 molecules of the photosensitizer {5,10,15‐tris(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐20‐[4‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ylamino)tetrafluorophenyl]porphyrinato}‐zinc(II) by using copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC). These nanoparticle conjugates were functionalized systematically with increasing loadings of mannose in the range of approximately 20 to 110 groups. With higher mannose loadings (ca. 58–110 groups) the water‐insoluble zinc porphyrin photosensitizer could thus be transferred into a water‐soluble form. Targeting of the conjugates was proven in binding studies to the mannose‐specific lectin concanavalin A (Con A) by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The antibacterial phototoxicity of the conjugates on Staphylococcus aureus (as a typical Gram‐positive germ) was investigated in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). It was shown that conjugates with approximately 70–110 mannose units exhibit significant antibacterial activity, whereas conjugates with approximately 20–60 units did not induce bacterial killing at all. These results give an insight into the multivalency effect in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). On addition of serum to the bacterial cultures, a quenching of this antibacterial phototoxicity was observed. In fluorescence studies with the conjugates in the presence of increasing bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations, protein‐conjugate associations could be identified as a plausible cause for this quenching.
Enantioselective Catalysis by Using Short, Structurally Defined DNA Hairpins as Scaffold for Hybrid Catalysts
Authors: Marek Jasmin J. , Singh Raghvendra P. , Heuer Andreas , Hennecke Ulrich 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA new type of DNA metal complex hybrid catalyst, which is based on single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides, is described. It was shown that oligonucleotides as short as 14 nucleotides that fold into hairpin structures are suitable as nucleic acid components for DNA hybrid catalysts. With these catalysts, excellent enantioinduction in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions with selectivity values as high as 96 % enantiomeric excess (ee) can be achieved. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that a rather flexible loop combined with a rigid stem region provides DNA scaffolds with these high selectivity values.
Design of experiment assisted concurrent enantioseparation of bupropion and hydroxybupropion by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Bhatt Nejal M. , Chavada Vijay D. , Sanyal Mallika , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA simple and efficient high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed for chiral separation ofrac‐bupropion (BUP) and its active metaboliterac‐hydroxybupropion (HBUP). Design of experiment (DoE)‐based optimization was adopted instead of a conventional trial‐and‐error approach. The Box–Behnken design surface response model was used and the operating variables were optimized based on 17 trials design. The optimized method involved impregnation of chiral reagent, L(+)‐tartaric acid, in the stationary phase with simultaneous addition in the mobile phase, which consisted of acetonitrile : methanol : dichloromethane : 0.50% L‐tartaric acid (6.75:1.0:1.0:0.25,v/v/v/v). Under the optimized conditions, the resolution factor between the enantiomers of BUP and HBUP was 6.30 and 9.26, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for (R)‐BUP, (S)‐BUP, (R,R)‐HBUP, and (S,S)‐HBUP were 9.23 and 30.78 ng spot−1, 10.32 and 34.40 ng spot−1, 12.19 and 40.65 ng spot−1, and 14.26 and 47.53 ng spot−1, respectively. The interaction of L‐tartaric acid with analytes and their retention behavior was thermodynamically investigated using van't Hoff's plots. The developed method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Finally, the method was successfully applied to resolve and quantify the enantiomeric content from marketed tablets as well as spiked plasma samples.
Finely Tuned Asymmetric Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complexes: Structure–Activity Relationship and Application as Orally Available Prodrugs
Authors: Yap Siew Qi , Chin Chee Fei , Hong Thng Agnes Hwee , Pang Yi Yun , Ho Han Kiat , Ang Wee Han 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPlatinum(IV) bis‐carboxylates are highly versatile prodrug scaffolds with different axial ligands that can be functionalized while keeping the platinum(II) pharmacophore intact. Using a sequential acylation strategy, we developed a class of PtIV prodrugs of cisplatin with contrasting lipophilic and hydrophilic ligands. We investigated their stability, reduction rates, lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, and antiproliferative efficacies, and assessed for correlations among the parameters that could be useful in drug design. We showed that compounds with high lipophilicity result in better antiproliferative effects in vitro and in vivo, with one of the three compounds tested showing better efficacy than satraplatin against an animal model of colorectal cancer, owing to its higher solubility and lower reduction rates. Our asymmetric PtIV prodrugs may pave the way for a highly predictable, fine‐tuned class of orally available PtIV prodrugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Investigating the Interaction of Water Vapour with Aminopropyl Groups on the Surface of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Paul Geo , Musso Giorgia Elena , Bottinelli Emanuela , Cossi Maurizio , Marchese Leonardo , Berlier Gloria 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe interaction of water molecules with the surface of hybrid silica‐based mesoporous materials is studied by 29Si, 1H and 13C solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopy, with the support of ab initio calculations. The surface of aminopropyl‐grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles is studied in the dehydrated state and upon interaction with controlled doses of water vapour. Former investigations described the interactions between aminopropyl and residual SiOH groups; the present study shows the presence of hydrogen‐bonded species (SiOH to NH2) and weakly interacting “free” aminopropyl chains with restricted mobility, together with a small amount of protonated NH3+ groups. The concentration of the last‐named species increased upon interaction with water, and this indicates reversible and fast proton exchange from water molecules to a fraction of the amino groups. Herein, this is discussed and explained for the first time, by a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches.
Tyramine Hydrochloride Based Label‐Free System for Operating Various DNA Logic Gates and a DNA Caliper for Base Number Measurements
Authors: Fan Daoqing , Zhu Xiaoqing , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDNA is believed to be a promising candidate for molecular logic computation, and the fluorogenic/colorimetric substrates of G‐quadruplex DNAzyme (G4zyme) are broadly used as label‐free output reporters of DNA logic circuits. Herein, for the first time, tyramine‐HCl (a fluorogenic substrate of G4zyme) is applied to DNA logic computation and a series of label‐free DNA‐input logic gates, including elementary AND, OR, and INHIBIT logic gates, as well as a two to one encoder, are constructed. Furthermore, a DNA caliper that can measure the base number of target DNA as low as three bases is also fabricated. This DNA caliper can also perform concatenated AND–AND logic computation to fulfil the requirements of sophisticated logic computing.
A Review of Water‐Resistant Hemicellulose‐Based Materials: Processing and Applications
Authors: Farhat Wissam , Venditti Richard A. , Hubbe Martin , Taha Mohamed , Becquart Frederic , Ayoub Ali 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHemicelluloses, due to their hydrophilic nature, may tend to be overlooked as a component in water‐resistant product applications. However, their domains of use can be greatly expanded by chemical derivatization. Research in which hydrophobic derivatives of hemicelluloses or combinations of hemicelluloses with hydrophobic materials are used with to prepare films and composites is considered herein. Isolation methods that have been used to separate hemicellulose from biomass are also reviewed. Finally, the most useful pathways to change the hydrophilic character of hemicelluloses to hydrophobic are reviewed. In this way, the water resistance can be increased and applications of targeted water‐resistant hemicellulose developed. Several applications of these materials are discussed.
A new model to estimate insulin resistance via clinical parameters in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Zheng Xueying , Huang Bin , Luo Sihui , Yang Daizhi , Bao Wei , Li Jin , Yao Bin , Weng Jianping , Yan Jinhua 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAims/hypothesisInsulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor to assess the development of micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, diabetes management in adults with T1D is limited by the difficulty of lacking simple and reliable methods to estimate insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to develop a new model to estimate IR via clinical parameters in adults with T1D.MethodsA total of 36 adults with adulthood onset T1D (n = 20) or childhood onset T1D (n = 16) were recruited by quota sampling. After an overnight insulin infusion to stabilize the blood glucose at 5.6 to 7.8 mmol/L, they underwent a 180‐minute euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp. Glucose disposal rate (GDR, mg kg‐1 min‐1) was calculated by data collected from the last 30 minutes during the test. Demographic factors (age, sex, and diabetes duration) and metabolic parameters (blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], waist to hip ratio [WHR], and lipids) were collected to evaluate insulin resistance. Then, age at diabetes onset and clinical parameters were used to develop a model to estimate lnGDR by stepwise linear regression.ResultsFrom the stepwise process, a best model to estimate insulin resistance was generated, including HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure, and WHR. Age at diabetes onset did not enter any of the models. We proposed the following new model to estimate IR as in GDR for adults with T1D: lnGDR = 4.964 − 0.121 × HbA1c (%) − 0.012 × diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) − 1.409 × WHR, (adjusted R2 = 0.616, P < .01).Conclusions/interpretationInsulin resistance in adults living with T1D can be estimated using routinely collected clinical parameters. This simple model provides a potential tool for estimating IR in large‐scale epidemiological studies of adults with T1D regardless of age at onset.
Accessible light detection and ranging: estimating large tree density for habitat identification
Authors: Kramer Heather A. , Collins Brandon M. , Gallagher Claire V. , J. Keane John , Stephens Scott L. , Kelly Maggi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLarge trees are important to a wide variety of wildlife, including many species of conservation concern, such as the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been successfully utilized to identify the density of large‐diameter trees, either by segmenting the LiDARpoint cloud into individual trees, or by building regression models between variables extracted from the LiDARpoint cloud and field data. Neither of these methods is easily accessible for most land managers due to the reliance on specialized software, and much available LiDARdata are being underutilized due to the steep learning curve required for advanced processing using these programs. This study derived a simple, yet effective method for estimating the density of large‐stemmed trees from the LiDARcanopy height model, a standard raster product derived from the LiDARpoint cloud that is often delivered with the LiDARand is easy to process by personnel trained in geographic information systems (GIS). Ground plots needed to be large (1 ha) to build a robust model, but the spatial accuracy of plot center was less crucial to model accuracy. We also showed that predicted large tree density is positively linked to California spotted owl nest sites.