bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to estimate the activation energies of fragmentation occurring in quadrupole collision cell of the mass spectrometer
Authors: Kuki Ákos , Nagy Lajos , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe classical semi‐quantitative Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel (RRK) theory was used for the calculation of the internal energy dependent reaction rate coefficient of the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) reaction in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The survival yield (SY) was determined by the reaction rate equation for the unimolecular dissociation of the precursor ion. The parameters of the rate equation and the RRK model were approximated based on the instrumental conditions. We used the RRK equation for the description of the basic behavior of the fragmentation reactions and for the estimation of the internal energy of the precursor ion. The critical energies for fragmentation (Eo) of various molecules were estimated and compared with those reported in the literature. The model was extended by taking into account the initial internal energy distribution of the ions created in the ion source. It must be emphasized that our approach provides only a crude estimate for Eo.
Entrapment of amino acids in gas phase surfactant assemblies: The case of tryptophan confined in positively charged (1R,2S)‐dodecyl (2‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐phenylethyl) dimethylammonium bromide aggregates
Authors: Bongiorno David , Calabrese Valentina , Ceraulo Leopoldo , Indelicato Serena , Turco Liveri Vincenzo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe ability of positively charged aggregates of the surfactant (1R,2S)‐dodecyl(2‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐phenylethyl)dimethylammonium bromide (DMEB) to incorporate D‐tryptophan or L‐tryptophan in the gas phase has been investigated by electrospray ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI‐IM‐MS). Strongly impacted by the pH of the electrosprayed solutions, both protonated (T+) and deprotonated (T−) tryptophan are effectively included into the aggregates, whereas, tryptophan in zwitterionic (T0) form is practically absent in singly charged DMEB aggregates but can be found in multiply charged ones. The ability to incorporate tryptophan increases with the aggregation number and charge state of aggregates. More than 1 tryptophan species can be entrapped (aggregates including up to 5 tryptophan are observed).Collision induced dissociation experiments performed on the positively singly charged DMEB hexamer containing 1 T− show that at low collision energies the loss of a DMEB molecule is preferred with respect to the loss of the DMEB cation plus T− species which, in turn, is preferred with respect to the loss of mere tryptophan, suggesting that the deprotonated amino acid is preferentially located in proximity of a DMEB head group and with the ionic moiety pointing towards the core of the aggregate.The analysis of the collision cross sections (CCS) of bare and tryptophan containing aggregates allowed evaluating the contributions of tryptophan and bromide ions to the total aggregate CCS. No significant discrimination between D‐tryptophan and L‐tryptophan by the chiral DMEB aggregates has been evidenced by mass spectra data, CID experiments, and CCS values.
Effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid on water uptake, ionic toxicity, and antioxidant capacity of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) under sodic‐alkaline conditions
Authors: Liu Liyun , El-Shemy Hany A. , Saneoka Hirofumi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSodic‐alkalinity may be more deleterious to plant growth than salinity. The objectives of this study were to determine whether 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA: an essential precursor for chlorophyll biosynthesis) foliar application could improve the sodic‐alkaline resistance of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla) by regulating water uptake, ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant metabolism. Eight‐week‐old uniform plants were grown in nutrient medium without and with a sodic‐alkaline regime generated by a mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 (NaHCO3 : Na2CO3 = 9:1 molar ratio) for 12 d, and leaves were sprayed daily with water or ALA. The Na+ and ALA concentrations were gradually increased to 60 mM and 120 μM, respectively. ALA foliar application alleviated the physiological damage from sodic‐alkalinity, as reflected by the increases in plant dry weight, relative growth rate, chlorophyll, Mg2+ concentration, and the decrease in Na+ concentration. However, ALA foliar application did not change the water uptake capacity or the concentration of K+, Fe3+, and endogenous ALA in leaf tissues under sodic‐alkaline conditions. ALA foliar application effectively mitigated damage from sodic‐alkalinity because of the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and guaiacol peroxidase), particularly superoxide dismutase activity, which was maintained at the same level as for control plants. These results suggest that ALA foliar application alleviated sodic‐alkaline stress mainly owing to its antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase has the main responsibility for reducing oxidative stress in Swiss chard.
Network meta‐analysis including treatment by covariate interactions: Consistency can vary across covariate values
Authors: Donegan Sarah , Welton Nicky J. , Tudur Smith Catrin , D'Alessandro Umberto , Dias Sofia 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundMany reviews aim to compare numerous treatments and report results stratified by subgroups (eg, by disease severity). In such cases, a network meta‐analysis model including treatment by covariate interactions can estimate the relative effects of all treatment pairings for each subgroup of patients. Two key assumptions underlie such models: consistency of treatment effects and consistency of the regression coefficients for the interactions. Consistency may differ depending on the covariate value at which consistency is assessed. For valid inference, we need to be confident of consistency for the relevant range of covariate values. In this paper, we demonstrate how to assess consistency of treatment effects from direct and indirect evidence at various covariate values.MethodsConsistency is assessed using visual inspection, inconsistency estimates, and probabilities. The method is applied to an individual patient dataset comparing artemisinin combination therapies for treating uncomplicated malaria in children using the covariate age.ResultsThe magnitude of the inconsistency appears to be decreasing with increasing age for each comparison. For one comparison, direct and indirect evidence differ for age 1 (P = .05), and this brings results for age 1 for all comparisons into question.ConclusionWhen fitting models including interactions, the consistency of direct and indirect evidence must be assessed across the range of covariates included in the trials. Clinical inferences are only valid for covariate values for which results are consistent.
Indigenous food ingredients for complementary food formulations to combat infant malnutrition in Benin: a review
Authors: Chadare Flora J , Madode Yann E , Fanou‐Fogny Nadia , Kindossi Janvier M , Ayosso Juvencio OG , Honfo S Hermann , Kayodé AP Polycarpe , Linnemann Anita R , Hounhouigan D Joseph 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper reviews indigenous Beninese food resources as potential ingredients for complementary infant foods with the aim to develop affordable formulations for low‐income households in each agro‐ecological zone of the country. Potential ingredients were selected on their documented nutritional value. The selected foods encompass 347 food resources, namely 297 plant products from home gardens or collected from natural vegetation and 50 animals, either domesticated or from the wild. The compiled data reveal that the distribution of the available food resources was unbalanced between agro‐ecological zones. Only a few animal ingredients are obtainable in northern Benin. Most resources are seasonal, but their availability may be extended. A high variation was observed in energy and nutrient contents. Antinutritional factors were identified in some resources, but processing techniques were reported to reduce their presence in meals. In general, ingredients from local tree foods (Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa) were adequate as sources of nutrients for complementary infant foods. Based on this review, local foods for the development of complementary food formulas for Beninese infants and children may be selected for each agro‐ecological zone. The approach used is exemplary for other sub‐Saharan African countries in need of complementary infant foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Emergency department use for acute rhinosinusitis: Insurance dependent for children and adults
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Ishman Stacey L. , Phillips Katie M. , Cunningham Michael J. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisPatients with Medicaid or self‐pay insurance status are more likely to present to the emergency department (ED) for uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). Our aim was to determine if this pattern holds true for both pediatric and adult visits.Study DesignCross‐sectional study using the 2005 to 2012 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys.MethodsWe included all visits with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for ARS and without codes for ARS complications. We tested for associations between insurance type and presentation to an ED versus a primary care physician (PCP), stratifying children versus adults. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression modeling, controlling for clinical and demographic characteristics for analysis.ResultsThere were 51,579,977 uncomplicated ARS visits to PCPs (48,213,335 visits) and EDs (3,366,642 visits). Medicaid and uninsured patients were under‐represented for ARS visits. Medicaid insurance was significantly associated with ED presentation for ARS for both children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 7.0, P < 0.001) and adults (adjusted OR = 6.8, P < 0.001). Children with ARS and self‐pay insurance status were much more likely to present to the ED (adjusted OR = 48.8, P < 0.001) than adults (adjusted OR = 5.2, P < 0.001); this difference between children and adults with self‐pay insurance was significant (P = 0.001).ConclusionWith respect to absolute numbers of visits, patients with Medicaid or no insurance use less care overall for uncomplicated ARS than do privately insured patients. Medicaid is associated with ED presentation for ARS for pediatric and adult visits. Self‐pay insurance status is strongly associated with ED presentation for adult and pediatric visits, and is significantly more common for children. These results suggest limitations in primary care access for uncomplicated ARS based on insurance status, particularly for uninsured pediatric patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:299–303, 2018
Diagnostic accuracy of nasal cannula versus microphone for detection of snoring
Authors: Pérez‐Warnisher María Teresa , Gómez‐García Teresa , Giraldo‐Cadavid Luis Fernando , Troncoso Acevedo Maria Fernanda , Rodríguez Rodríguez Paula , Carballosa de Miguel Pilar , González Mangado Nicolás 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveSnoring is a common reason for referral to a sleep unit. Although there are several instruments to measure snoring, there is no gold standard for this purpose. In this study, we determine the diagnostic accuracy of the cannula as compared with the microphone, which are the two most commonly used tools.Study DesignWe performed a cross‐sectional study of 75 patients who underwent baseline home sleep apnea testing for any reason.MethodsSnore intensity and percentage were assessed during Home sleep‐apnea testing via nasal cannula and microphone in all patients. We performed a complete diagnostic accuracy analysis, assuming the microphone to be the reference instrument use in order to compare it with the cannula.ResultsThe intra‐class correlation coefficient between the cannula and microphone for the percentage of snoring was 0.25. The Bland Bland‐Altman analysis to determine the agreement regarding the percentage of snoring showed a lower limit of −57.73 and an upper limit of 20.30. A linear regression analysis of the differences produced a negative slope of −0.86. The receiver operating characteristic curve for severe snoring using the cannula produced an area under the curve of 0.67 (P = 0.019). The cannula showed a sensitivity of 57.89 and a specificity of 73.21.ConclusionThe nasal cannula showed poor reliability and accuracy for measuring snoring.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 127:2886–2890, 2017
The effect of frailty on short‐term outcomes after head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Nieman Carrie L. , Pitman Karen T. , Tufaro Anthony P. , Eisele David W. , Frick Kevin D. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between frailty and comorbidity, in‐hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), and costs in head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsDischarge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 159,301 patients who underwent ablative surgery for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm in 2001 to 2010 was analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling. Frailty was defined based on frailty‐defining diagnosis clusters from the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty‐defining diagnosis indicator.ResultsFrailty was identified in 7.4% of patients and was significantly associated with advanced comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5[1.3–1.8]), Medicaid (OR = 1.5[1.3–1.8]), major procedures (OR = 1.6[1.4–1.8]), flap reconstruction (OR = 1.7[1.3–2.1]), high‐volume hospitals (OR = 0.7[0.5–1.0]), discharge to a short‐term facility (OR = 4.4[2.9–6.7]), or other facility (OR = 5.4[4.5–6.6]). Frailty was a significant predictor of in‐hospital death (OR = 1.6[1.1–2.4]), postoperative surgical complications (OR = 2.0[1.7–2.3]), acute medical complications (OR = 3.9[3.2–4.9]), increased LOS (mean, 4.9 days), and increased mean incremental costs ($11,839), and was associated with higher odds of surgical complications and increased costs than advanced comorbidity. There was a significant interaction between frailty and comorbidity for acute medical complications and length of hospitalization, with a synergistic effect on the odds of medical complications and LOS in patients with comorbidity who were also frail.ConclusionFrailty is an independent predictor of postoperative morbidity, mortality, LOS, and costs in HNCA surgery patients, and has a synergistic interaction with comorbidity that is associated with an increased likelihood of medical complications and greater LOS in patients with comorbidity who are also frail.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:102–110, 2018
Adaptive feeding behavior and functional responses in zooplankton
Authors: Kiørboe Thomas , Saiz Enric , Tiselius Peter , Andersen Ken H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractZooplankton may modify their feeding behavior in response to prey availability and presence of predators with implications to populations of both predators and prey. Optimal foraging theory predicts that such responses result in a type II functional response for passive foragers and a type III response for active foragers, with the latter response having a stabilizing effect on prey populations. Here, we test the theoretical predictions and the underlying mechanisms in pelagic copepods that are actively feeding (feeding‐current feeders), passively feeding (ambushers), or that can switch between the two feeding modes. In all cases, individual behaviors are consistent with the resulting functional response. Passive ambushing copepods have invariant foraging behavior and a type II functional response, as predicted. When foraging actively, the species with switching capability change its functional response from type II to III and modify its foraging effort in response to prey density and predation risk, also as predicted by theory. The obligate active feeders, however, follow a type II response inconsistent with the theoretical prediction. A survey of the literature similarly finds consistent type II response in ambush feeding copepods, but variable (II or III) responses in active feeders. We examine reasons for why observed behaviors at times deviate from predictions, and discuss the population dynamics and food web implications of the two types of functional responses and their underlying mechanisms.
Commercial strain‐derived clinical Saccharomyces cerevisiae can evolve new phenotypes without higher pathogenicity
Authors: Pfliegler Walter P. , Boros Enikő , Pázmándi Kitti , Jakab Ágnes , Zsuga Imre , Kovács Renátó , Urbán Edit , Antunovics Zsuzsa , Bácsi Attila , Sipiczki Matthias , Majoros László , Pócsi István 
Published: July 2017

ScopeSaccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most important microbes in food industry, but there is growing evidence on its potential pathogenicity as well. Its status as a member of human mycobiome is still not fully understood.Methods and resultsIn this study, we characterize clinical S. cerevisiae isolates from Hungarian hospitals along with commercial baking and probiotic strains, and determine their phenotypic parameters, virulence factors, interactions with human macrophages, and pathogenicity. Four of the clinical isolates could be traced back to commercial strains based on genetic fingerprinting. Our observations indicate that the commercial‐derived clinical isolates have evolved new phenotypes and show similar, or in two cases, significantly decreased pathogenicity. Furthermore, immunological experiments revealed that the variability in human primary macrophage activation after coincubation with yeasts is largely donor and not isolate dependent.ConclusionIsolates in this study offer an interesting insight into the potential microevolution of probiotic and food strains in human hosts. These commensal yeasts display various changes in their phenotypes, indicating that the colonization of the host does not necessarily impose a selective pressure toward higher virulence/pathogenicity.
Evaluation of the hypocholesterolemic effect and prebiotic activity of a lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) extract
Authors: Micioni Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria , Cecchini Cinzia , Vila‐Donat Pilar , Caprioli Giovanni , Cifani Carlo , Coman Maria Magdalena , Cresci Alberto , Fiorini Dennis , Ricciutelli Massimo , Silvi Stefania , Vittori Sauro , Sagratini Gianni 
Published: July 2017

ScopeThe aim of our work was to produce a hydroalcoholic extract of lentils and to examine (a) the hypocholesterolemic action in an animal model, by studying the plasma cholesterol level and the concentration of bile acids in the feces; (b) the potential prebiotic effect, by conducting an in vitro culture fermentation experiment and assessing the level of SCFAs in the feces of rats.Methods and resultsLentil extract (LE) was obtained by extracting lentils with a solution of H20/EtOH (70/30 v/v) for 3 h, and the content of main nutrients was determined. After 71 days of diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia in rats, LE reduced the cholesterol level of rats of 16.8% (p < 0.05) and increased the level of bile acids in the feces of rats (p < 0.01). LE revealed the same prebiotic activity of inulin and good bifidogenic activity, inasmuch as it enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. by 3 log (p < 0.05). The concentration of SCFAs in the feces of rats fed with LE increased during the time of the study.ConclusionThis new hydroalcoholic extract obtained from lentils was shown to possess hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic properties, and could have interesting applications in the field of nutraceuticals.
Acceptance of a structured diagnostic interview in children, parents, and interviewers
Authors: Neuschwander Murielle , In‐Albon Tina , Meyer Andrea H. , Schneider Silvia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the satisfaction and acceptance of a structured diagnostic interview in clinical practice and in a research setting. Using the Structured Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Kinder‐DIPS), 28 certified interviewers conducted 202 interviews (115 with parents, 87 with children). After each interview, children, parents, and interviewers completed a questionnaire assessing the overall satisfaction (0 = not at all satisfied to 100 = totally satisfied) and acceptance (0 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree) with the interview. Satisfaction ratings were highly positive, all means >82. The mean of the overall acceptance for children was 2.43 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.41), 2.54 (SD = 0.33) of the parents, 2.30 (SD = 0.43) of the children's interviewers, and 2.46 (SD = 0.32) of the parents' interviewers. Using separate univariate regression models, significant predictors for higher satisfaction and acceptance with the interview are higher children's Global Assessment of Functioning, fewer number of children's diagnoses, shorter duration of the interview, a research setting, female sex of the interviewer, and older age of the interviewer. Results indicate that structured diagnostic interviews are highly accepted by children, parents, and interviewers. Importantly, this is true for different treatment settings.
Multiple homonuclear band‐selective decoupling NMR: Fast and unambiguous determination of diastereomeric excess
Authors: Rachineni Kavitha , Kakita Veera Mohana Rao , Hosur Ramakrishna V. 
Published: July 2017

Discrimination and quantification of chiral stereoisomers have been studied by different analytical methods, and NMR has emerged as a powerful one with the advancements in pure‐shift NMR methods. In the present manuscript, an al‐F1F2‐MHOBS‐DIAG NMR method for the quantification of diastereomeric excess ratio (dr) has been proposed and demonstrated, using hesperidin and naringin mixtures. This method enables simultaneous quantification of dr at multiple resonances, in a single experiment, and it takes only 10 min to record. The present method uses spectral aliasing and thus demands only very few indirect dwell increments. Further, the measured dr values are very reliable, because we consider several spins for the quantification.
Fast and simultaneous determination of 1H–1H and 1H–19F scalar couplings in complex spin systems: Application of PSYCHE homonuclear broadband decoupling
Authors: Kakita Veera Mohana Rao , Rachineni Kavitha , Hosur Ramakrishna V. 
Published: July 2017

The present manuscript focuses on fast and simultaneous determination of 1H–1H and 1H–19F scalar couplings in fluorinated complex steroid molecules. Incorporation of broadband PSYCHE homonuclear decoupling in the indirect dimension of zero‐quantum filtered diagonal experiments (F1‐PSYCHE‐DIAG) suppresses 1H–1H scalar couplings; however, it retains 1H–19F scalar couplings (along F1 dimension) for the 19F coupled protons while preserving the pure‐shift nature for 1H resonances uncoupled to 19F. In such cases, along the direct dimensions, 1H–1H scalar coupling multiplets deconvolute and they appear as duplicated multiplets for the 19F coupled protons, which facilitates unambiguous discrimination of 19F coupled 1H chemical sites from the others. Further, as an added advantage, data acquisition has been accelerated by invoking the known ideas of spectral aliasing in the F1‐PSYCHE‐DIAG scheme and experiments demand only ~10 min of spectrometer times.