bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial deletion of the ALK gene in ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Fukuhara Suguru , Nomoto Junko , Kim Sung‐Won , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Miyagi Maeshima Akiko , Tobinai Kensei , Kobayashi Yukio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein is an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is constitutively activated by aberrant translocations of the ALK gene in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK‐positive and several other cancers. Additionally, aberrant mutation and amplification of the ALK gene, resulting in ALK kinase activation, were detected mainly in neuroblastoma. Recently, truncated ALK protein was also reported in neuroblastoma. Here, we describe a novel truncated form of the ALK transcript with in‐frame skipping through exons 2 to 17 (ALKΔ2‐17) in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK‐positive. The ALKΔ2‐17 showed ligand‐independent deregulated phosphorylation that initiated strong STAT3 signalling in NIH3T3 cells. The ALKΔ2‐17–transduced NIH3T3 cells showed oncogenic potential in a colony formation assay. Our data indicate that the aberrant deletion of the ALK gene might be oncogenic, providing a novel insight into the oncogenic role of the ALK pathway.
Mediating Emotive Empathy With Informational Text: Three Students’ Think‐Aloud Protocols ofGettysburg: The Graphic Novel
Authors: Chisholm James S. , Shelton Ashley L. , Sheffield Caroline C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough the popularity and use of graphic novels in literacy instruction has increased in the last decade, few sustained analyses have examined adolescents’ reading processes with informational texts in social studies classrooms. Recent research that has foregrounded visual, emotional, and embodied textual responses situates this qualitative study, in which three eighth‐grade students learned about the graphic novel format, responded in writing to interpretive prompts, and thought aloud during their reading ofGettysburg: A Graphic Novelby C.M. Butzer. Analyses of students’ responses to the multimodal text revealed how constructing inferences between visual and linguistic sign systems mediated their emotive empathy—a central, if limited, component of historical empathy.
Assessment of the inhibitory effects and molecular docking of some sulfonamides on human serum paraoxonase 1
Authors: Alim Zuhal , Kilic Deryanur , Koksal Zeynep , Beydemir Sukru , Ozdemir Hasan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractParaoxonase‐1 (PON1) is an organophosphate hydrolyzer and antiatherogenic enzyme. Due to the PON1's crucial functions, inhibitors and activators of PON1 must be known for pharmacological applications. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of some sulfonamides compounds on human serum PON1 (hPON1). For this aim, we purified the hPON1 from human serum with high specific activity by using simple chromatographic methods, and after the purification processes, we investigated in vitro interactions between the enzyme and some sulfonamides (2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonamide, 2‐chloro‐4‐sülfamoilaniline, 4‐amino‐3‐methylbenzenesulfanilamide, sulfisoxazole, sulfisomidine, and 5‐amino‐2‐methylbenzenesulfonamide). IC50, Ki values, and inhibition types were calculated for each sulfonamide. 2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonamide and 2‐chloro‐4‐sülfamoilaniline exhibited noncompetitive inhibition effect, whereas 4‐amino‐3‐methylbenzenesulfanilamide, sulfisoxazole, and sulfisomidine exhibited mixed type inhibition. On the other hand, 5‐amino‐2‐methylbenzenesulfonamide showed competitive inhibition and so molecular docking studies were performed for this compound in order to assess the probable binding mechanism into the active site of hPON1.
In vitro antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of Maillard reaction products from phloridzin‐amino acid model systems
Authors: Han Linna , Li Feng , Yu Qijian , Li Dapeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effect of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from phloridzin (Pz)‐amino acid model systems. Their structures were also characterised by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).RESULTSMRPs were prepared from the Pz‐methionine (Met), Pz‐lysine (Lys), Pz‐isoleucine (Ile), Pz‐histidine (His) or Pz‐glutamic acid (Glu) model system. The Pz‐Lys MRPs, rich in antioxidant potency, were subjected to ultrafiltration to yield four MRPs fractions with different molecular weights (Mw). The fraction with Mw 30–50 kDa had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antioxidant activity than other fractions. Moreover, it significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)‐elicited decrease in cell viability in HepG2 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. FTIR analysis indicated that the fraction with Mw 30–50 kDa had the strong stretching vibration for the OH, NH, CH, CO and CC groups, suggesting the formation of intermediate MRPs during Maillard reaction.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in this study may provide some basis for the purported health‐promoting effects of MRPs and their potential application as antioxidant agents in food industry. Also, it is important for our understanding of the variation of bioactive substances in food during thermal processing. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of feeding a Moringa oleifera rachis and twig preparation to dairy cows on their milk production and fatty acid composition, and plasma antioxidants
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Si Bingwen , Deng Kaidong , Tu Yan , Zhou Chaolong , Diao Qiyu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe determined how supplementing the diet of lactating, multiparous Holstein dairy cows with a preparation of Moringa oleifera rachises and twigs affected their milk production and quality and the levels of plasma antioxidants.RESULTSWe found that milk yield increased in cows receiving the 6% (w/w) moringa supplement compared with that of the control. Addition of the moringa supplement increased the concentration of milk fat and decreased the somatic cell count in the milk. However, protein, glucose and total solid and urea nitrogen concentrations in the milk were the same for all treatments. The concentration of glutathione peroxidase increased for cows fed the moringa supplement compared with the control. The percentages of total unsaturated fatty acids, mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids including n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid increased in the milk of cows fed the moringa supplement compared with those of the controls.CONCLUSIONAddition of the moringa supplement into the diet of lactating multiparous cows improved milk production and health status and modified milk fatty acid profile positively. The results suggested that moringa supplement could be used as a diet supplement for producing high quality and healthier milk. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum using programmable‐temperature vaporization gas chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhong Yuxin , Liu Xin , Bao Yan , Zhao Yunfeng , Wu Yongning , Cai Zongwei , Li Jingguang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe determination of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls in blood from a non‐occupational population is essential for the investigation of adverse health effects from these pollutants. In this study, a sensitive method based on programmable‐temperature vaporization with large‐volume injection coupled with gas chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was developed to determine these pollutants in 1–2 mL of human serum samples. Various key parameters of programmable‐temperature vaporization injector, including vent temperature, vent time, vent flow, transfer temperature and transfer time were optimized by factorial design. The accuracy and precision as well as applicability were assessed by determining polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls in calibration standard solutions, standard reference materials and real human serum samples from non‐occupational population. The method detection limits of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls were 1.5–9.0 and 0.005–0.02 ng/kg wet weight, respectively. By comparing with typically splitless injection, the application of programmable‐temperature vaporization injector could effectively lead to higher detectable rate of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls in 1–2 mL of human serum samples.
NMR spectroscopic conformational analysis of 4‐methylene‐cyclohexyl pivalate—The effect of sp2 hybridization
Authors: Kleinpeter Erich , Heydenreich Matthias , Koch Andreas , Krtitschka Angela , Krüger Tobias , Linker Torsten 
Published: June 2017

The conformational equilibrium of the axial/equatorial conformers of 4‐methylene‐cyclohexyl pivalate is studied by dynamic NMR spectroscopy in a methylene chloride/freon mixture. At 153 K, the ring interconversion gets slow on the nuclear magnetic resonance timescale, the conformational equilibrium (−ΔG°) can be examined, and the barrier to ring interconversion (ΔG#) can be determined. The structural influence of sp2 hybridization on both ΔG° and ΔG# of the cyclohexyl moiety can be quantified.
Numerical analysis of the effect of natural microcracks on the supercritical CO2 fracturing crack network of shale rock based on bonded particle models
Authors: Peng Peihuo , Ju Yang , Wang Yongliang , Wang Shaoqin , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe problem of predicting the geometric structure of induced fractures is highly complex and significant in the fracturing stimulation of rock reservoirs. In the traditional continuous fracturing models, the mechanical properties of reservoir rock are input as macroscopic quantities. These models neglect the microcracks and discontinuous characteristics of rock, which are important factors influencing the geometric structure of the induced fractures. In this paper, we simulate supercritical CO2 fracturing based on the bonded particle model to investigate the effect of original natural microcracks on the induced‐fracture network distribution. The microcracks are simulated explicitly as broken bonds that form and coalesce into macroscopic fractures in the supercritical CO2 fracturing process. A calculation method for the distribution uniformity index (DUI) is proposed. The influence of the total number and DUI of initial microcracks on the mechanical properties of the rock sample is studied. The DUI of the induced fractures of supercritical CO2 fracturing and hydraulic fracturing for different DUIs of initial microcracks are compared, holding other conditions constant. The sensitivity of the DUI of the induced fractures to that of initial natural microcracks under different horizontal stress ratios is also probed. The numerical results indicate that the distribution of induced fractures of supercritical CO2 fracturing is more uniform than that of common hydraulic fracturing when the horizontal stress ratio is small.
Developing and validating a new nomogram for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in women
Authors: Solomon Eskinder , Yasmin Habiba , Duffy Megan , Rashid Tanwir , Akinluyi Emmanuel , Greenwell Tamsin J. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a nomogram for assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women derived from concurrent Pdet.Qmax and Qmax based on radiographic evidence of increased urethral resistance.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively acquired video‐urodynamics and clinical data of 185 women (development cohort) was performed. The Pdet.Qmax were plotted against Qmax and cluster analysis was performed to determine an axis that best divided the definitively obstructed and unobstructed. Using data from a further 350 women (validation cohort), the sensitivity and specificity of the derived criterion was calculated. Finally, the data from both groups was pooled together and using binary logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was produced.ResultsOf the 535 patients in the two cohorts, (122 [22.8%]) demonstrated radiographic evidence of BOO. Cluster analysis identified the axis that best separates the radiographically obstructed and unobstructed as Pdet.Qmax = 2*Qmax. Using the data from the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity for this was calculated as 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. A nomogram, representing the probability of BOO for concurrent Pdet.Qmax and Qmax measurements was derived by pooling data from both cohorts. Alternatively, a female BOO index (BOOIf) may be calculated mathematically using the formula BOOIf = Pdet.Qmax − 2.2*Qmax, that is, BOOIf < 0, <10% probability of obstruction, BOOIf > 5 likely obstructed (50%) and If BOOIf > 18, obstruction almost certain (>90%).ConclusionA female BOO nomogram (the SG nomogram) with high sensitivity and specificity is proposed. The nomogram can be used to stratify the degree of BOO or assess response to treatment.
A multiphase DMOC‐based trajectory optimization method
Authors: Zhang Weizhong , Wang Dan , Inanc Tamer 
Published: June 2017

SummaryDiscrete mechanics and optimal control (DMOC) is a methodology that takes advantage of variational structure to solve certain optimal control problems for mechanical systems. This paper proposes to combine a multiphase strategy with the original DMOC method, resulting in a new multiphase DMOC (MDMOC) method and making optimal trajectory generation more efficient. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated mathematically, and in addition, a quadrotor, unmanned aerial vehicle, simulation example is presented to show its superiority over the DMOC method. Furthermore, to show its potential application, an arbitrarily chosen controller was used to track the desired trajectory generated by MDMOC. This new MDMOC methodology can also be applied to other mechanical systems such as mobile robots and underwater gliders.
Gapless point back surface field for the counter doping of large‐area interdigitated back contact solar cells using a blanket shadow mask implantation process
Authors: Kim Young‐Su , Mo Chanbin , Lee Doo Youl , Park Sung Chan , Kim Dongseop , Nam Junggyu , Yang JungYup , Suh Dongchul , Kim Hyun‐Jong , Park Hyomin , Park Se Jin , Kim Donghwan , Song Jungho , Lee Hae‐Seok , Park Sungeun , Kang Yoonmook 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGapless interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells were fabricated with phosphorous back surface field on a boron emitter, using an ion implantation process. Boron emitter (boron ion implantation) is counter doped by the phosphorus back surface field (BSF) (phosphorus ion implantation) without gap. The gapless process step between the emitter and BSF was compared to existing IBC solar cell with gaps between emitters and BSFs obtained using diffusion processes. We optimized the doping process in the phosphorous BSF and boron emitter region, and the implied Voc and contact resistance relationship of the phosphorous and boron implantation dose in the counter doped region was analyzed. We confirmed the shunt resistance of the gapless IBC solar cells and the possibility of shunt behavior in gapless IBC solar cells. The highly doped counter doped BSF led to a controlled junction breakdown at high reverse bias voltages of around 7.5 V. After the doping region was optimized with the counter doped BSF and emitter, a large‐area (5 inch pseudo square) gapless IBC solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 22.9% was made.
Soluble polyimides containing 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐d‐glucidol and fluorinated units: Preparation, characterization, optical, and dielectric properties
Authors: Mi Zhiming , Liu Zhixiao , Tian Chengshuo , Zhao Xiaogang , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Daming , Chen Chunhai 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAiming to develop soluble and colorless polyimides, two novel diamines, 2,5‐bis(2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐amino‐phenoxy)‐1,4:3,6‐dianhydrosorbitol (2a) and 2,5‐bis(2‐methyl‐4‐amino‐phenoxy)‐1,4:3,6‐dianhydrosorbitol (2b), were designed and synthesized by the reduction of corresponding dinitro monomer which was obtained via solvent‐free melt heating method. Polyimides (PI–(1–5)) containing 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐d‐glucidol fragments were prepared from 2a and five kinds of common dianhydrides and PI–6 was synthesized from 2b and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)‐diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) via a two‐step thermal imidization. All the polyimides were readily soluble in common polar solvents and could afford flexible, tough, and transparent films with transparency as high as 87% at 450 nm. Meanwhile, PI–(1–6) exhibited unexpectedly low dielectric constants of 2.02–2.52 at 1 MHz. In addition, analogs PI–7 derived from 2,5‐bis(4‐amino‐phenoxy)‐1,4:3,6‐dianhydrosorbitol (2c) and 6FDA and PI–8 derived from 4,4′‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)biphenyl (2d) and 6FDA were also obtained via a two‐step thermal imidization for comparision with PI–(1–6) on aspects of thermal, mechnical, optical, electrical, and morphological properties. The structure–property relationships of PI–(1–8) were discussed in detail. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2017,55, 3253–3265
The human cytomegalovirus nuclear egress complex unites multiple functions: Recruitment of effectors, nuclear envelope rearrangement, and docking to nuclear capsids
Authors: Marschall Manfred , Muller Yves A. , Diewald Benedikt , Sticht Heinrich , Milbradt Jens 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundNuclear replication represents a common hallmark of herpesviruses achieved by a number of sequentially unrolled regulatory processes. A rate‐limiting step is provided by nucleo‐cytoplasmic capsid export, for which a defined multiregulatory protein complex, namely, the nuclear egress complex (NEC), is assembled comprising both viral and cellular components. The NEC regulates at least 3 aspects of herpesviral nuclear replication: (1) multimeric recruitment of NEC‐associated effector proteins, (2) reorganization of the nuclear lamina and membranes, and (3) the docking to nuclear capsids. Here, we review published data and own experimental work that characterizes the NEC of HCMV and other herpesviruses.MethodsA systematic review of information on nuclear egress of HCMV compared to selected alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐herpesviruses: proteomics‐based approaches, high‐resolution imaging techniques, and functional investigations.ResultsA large number of reports on herpesviral NECs have been published during the last two decades, focusing on protein‐protein interactions, nuclear localization, regulatory phosphorylation, and functional validation. The emerging picture provides an illustrated example of well‐balanced and sophisticated protein networking in virus‐host interaction.ConclusionsCurrent evidence refined the view about herpesviral NECs. Datasets published for HCMV, murine CMV, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein‐Barr virus illustrate the marked functional consistency in the way herpesviruses achieve nuclear egress. However, this compares with only limited sequence conservation of core NEC proteins and a structural conservation restricted to individual domains. The translational use of this information might help to define a novel antiviral strategy on the basis of NEC‐directed small molecules.
Immersion‐ and invariance‐based adaptive stabilization of switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Lou Zhi‐E , Zhao Jun 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a novel framework to asymptotically adaptively stabilize a class of switched nonlinear systems with constant linearly parameterized uncertainty. By exploiting the generalized multiple Lyapunov functions method and the recently developed immersion and invariance (I&I) technique, which does not invoke certainty equivalence, we design the error estimator, continuous state feedback controllers for subsystems, and a switching law to ensure boundedness of all closed‐loop signals and global asymptotical regulation of the states, where the solvability of the I&I adaptive stabilization problem for individual subsystems is not required. Then, along with the backstepping method, the proposed design technique is further applied to a class of switched nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form with an unknown constant parameter so that the I&I adaptive stabilization controllers for the system is developed. Finally, simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Controllability of multiagent systems based on path and cycle graphs
Authors: Liu Xianzhu , Ji Zhijian 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper studies the controllability of multiagent systems based on path and cycle graphs. For paths or cycles, sufficient and necessary conditions are presented for determining the locations of leaders under which the controllability can be realized. Specifically, the controllability of a path is shown to be determined by a set generated only from its odd factors, and the controllability of a cycle is determined by whether the distance between 2 leaders belongs to a set generated from its even (odd) factors when the number of its nodes is even (odd). For both graphs, the dimension of the controllable subspace is also derived. Moreover, the technique used in the derivation of the above results is further used to get sufficient and necessary conditions for several different types of graphs generated from path and cycle topologies. These types of graphs can be regarded as typical topologies in the study of multiagent controllability, and accordingly the obtained results have meaningful enlightenment for the research in this field.
Pilot assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and trafficking pathways in recurrent and metastatic canine subcutaneous mast cell tumours
Authors: Da Silva Lucas , Fonseca‐Alves Carlos E. , Thompson Jennifer J. , Foster Robert A. , Wood Geoffrey A. , Amorim Renee L. , Coomber Brenda L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCanine subcutaneous mast cell tumour (scMCT) shows less aggressive biological behaviour than cutaneous MCT. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is expressed by neoplastic cells in canine scMCT, but the relevance of this signalling pathway for disease pathobiology is not clear. The objective of this study was to quantify VEGF‐A, VEGFR2, pVEGFR2, the VEGF co‐receptor Neuropilin 1 (NRP‐1) and the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase c‐Cbl in canine scMCT, and to evaluate their association with disease outcome. Immunohistochemical staining for biomarkers was quantified from 14 cases of canine scMCT using manual and computer‐assisted methods. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated for disease‐free survival (DFS) and compared using Mantel–Cox log‐rank analysis. Cases with high levels of neoplastic cell VEGFR2, pVEGFR2 or c‐CBL immunoreactivity had significantly reduced DFS. All cases displayed neoplastic cells positive for VEGF‐A, which was significantly associated with pVEGFR2 immunoreactivity. There were also significant positive correlations between VEGFR2 and pVEGFR2, and between c‐CBL and pVEGFR2 levels. This pilot study demonstrates the potential utility of these markers in a subset of scMCT in dogs.