bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling laser beam irradiation area using an optical duplicate system to improve satellite–ground laser communications
Authors: Nakayama Tomoko , Takayama Yoshihisa , Fujikawa Chiemi , Kodate Kashiko 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To improve the quality of ground to satellite laser communications, we propose an optical duplicate system of the optical ground station. Our proposed approach can be used to control the beam irradiation area for a satellite position without changing the total power of the output beam and the mechanical drive unit; this is performed by controlling the input pattern of a liquid crystal filter inserted in the input plane of the optical duplicate system. Most of the power of the diffracted laser beam emitted from the ground is focused on the optical axis. By distributing the power to side lobes, it is possible to extend the coverage area for a satellite position. This system allows the laser beam irradiation area to be controlled by a sufficient degree by adjusting the threshold of the satellite reception level. We verify the efficacy of the system using wave optics numerical calculations.
Effect of metal side claddings on emission decay rates of single quantum dots embedded in a sub-wavelength semiconductor waveguide
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Ota Yasutomo , Ishida Satomi , Kumagai Naoto , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We experimentally investigate the emission decay rates of self-assembled single InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in sub-wavelength semiconductor waveguides with and without metal side claddings. Compared with as-grown single QDs, we observe a clear suppression (enhancement) in the radiative decay rates of single InAs QDs embedded in the sub-wavelength semiconductor waveguides without (with) metal cladding, respectively. The decay rate for QDs in metal-clad waveguides is ∼2 times faster than that in waveguides without metal. Numerical calculations using models that include the effects of structural imperfections show good agreement with the experimental results, and reveal that the most important structural imperfection is the gap between the metal and the semiconductor.
Optical efficiency enhancement in white organic light-emitting diode display with high color gamut using patterned quantum dot film and long pass filter
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jun , Shin Min-Ho , Kim Young-Joo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A new structure for white organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays with a patterned quantum dot (QD) film and a long pass filter (LPF) was proposed and evaluated to realize both a high color gamut and high optical efficiency. Since optical efficiency is a critical parameter in white OLED displays with a high color gamut, a red or green QD film as a color-converting component and an LPF as a light-recycling component are introduced to be adjusted via the characteristics of a color filter (CF). Compared with a conventional white OLED without both a QD film and the LPF, it was confirmed experimentally that the optical powers of red and green light in a new white OLED display were increased by 54.1 and 24.7% using a 30 wt % red QD film and a 20 wt % green QD film with the LPF, respectively. In addition, the white OLED with both a QD film and the LPF resulted in an increase in the color gamut from 98 to 107% (NTSC

ratio) due to the narrow emission linewidth of the QDs.
Acceptance of the German e-mental health portal www.psychenet.de: an online survey
Authors: Tlach Lisa , Thiel Juliane , Härter Martin , Liebherz Sarah , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: July 2016

Background. Taking into account the high prevalence of mental disorders and the multiple barriers to the use of mental health services, new forms of fostering patient information, involvement, and self-management are needed to complement existing mental health services. The study aimed at investigating acceptance regarding design and content of the e-mental health portalwww.psychenet.de.Methods. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 2013 and May 2015 using a self-administered questionnaire including items on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using, and perceived trust. Effects of different participants’ characteristics on the portals’ acceptance were analyzed.Results. The majority of theN= 252 respondents suffered from mental disorders (n= 139) or were relatives from persons with mental disorders (n= 65). The portal was assessed as “good” or “very good” by 71% of the respondents. High levels of agreement (89–96%) were shown for statements on the perceived ease of use, the behavioral intention to use the portal, and the trustworthiness of the portal. Lower levels of agreement were shown for some statements on the perceived usefulness of the portals’ content. There were no effects of different participants’ characteristics on the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, the attitude towards using the website and the perceived trust.Discussion. This survey provides preliminary evidence that the e-mental health portalwww.psychenet.deappears to be a usable, useful and trustworthy information resource for a broad target group. The behavioral usefulness of the portals’ content might be improved by integrating more activating patient decision aids.
IV. Die Erbfolgegesetzgebung der Reichstage – zum Rechtsquellenverständnis in der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Mertens Bernd 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire - On the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times. Though the succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire 1498−1529 affected only a small part of private law, it is excellently suited to examine the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times, the interaction between the imperial and territorial legislators, imperial and territorial courts as well as the relationship of imperial law and common law to particular law and customary law. A closer look is also given to the context of this succession legislation, the institutions involved and the final consequences.
VI. Enlightened Absolutism and legal culture in Portugal: Rise and decline of legal Pombalism in the 18th century (1769–1789)
Authors: Castro Alexander de 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In the mid-18th century, in the context of a growing monarchical activism during Pombal’s government, Portugal went through a period of reforms that pushed to deep changes in the national legal culture. The legal reforms encompassed three complementary phases: the reform of the legal sources system, performed by the so-called ‘Law of Good Reason’, the reform of legal education, and the reformulation of the set of fatherland laws. The purpose of these changes was to place the royal fatherland laws at the center of Portuguese legal science by promoting its application and theoretical elaboration, and marginalize Roman law. The reforms did not achieve everything they set out for, but left an indelible mark on Portuguese legal culture.
Zur Problematik der Übersetzung richterlicher Methoden: Frankreich und Japan im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Foljanty Lena 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
On the Problems of Translating Judicial Practice - France and Japan in the 19th century: What does it mean to shape judicial practice in a process of massive legal transfer? The translation of the normative framework and the institutional settings into a foreign legal culture might be difficult; even more difficult is translating methods, instruments and tools of decision-making. The article suggests in a first step how legal historians can reconstruct these unwritten methods of judicial practice. In a second step, it discusses the case of France and Japan in late 19th century. It argues that due to the fact that methods of decision-making are highly dependent to socializations, habitus and experiences, they were not translatable when Japan set out for building up a court system shaped according to the French model. This untranslatability created a gap - a gap that had to be filled by creating an own experience based habitus.
De la Francofurtana à la Collection de Gilbert: Une méthode de compilation saisie sur le vif
Authors: Lefebvre-Teillard Anne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFrom the Francofurtana to the Collection of Gilbert: A highlighting method of compilation. The manuscript Paris B.N. 3922A has long been known, in particular after Walther Holtzmann’s works. This manuscript with its several successive supplements to the collection Francofortana presents an interesting example of the working methods of Norman collectors during Walter of Coutances’s archiepiscopacy (1185-1207). This study concerns the copy (f° 211ra-227va) of the Compilatio prima, whose connections with the Francofurtana and its Supplementum were recorded by the compilator himself. He reproduced only those items completely which had not appeared in this manuscript neither in those texts. This peculiarity allows us to see in what manner the Norman compilator proceeded. Another interest is in the additional decretals extracted from the collection compiled by Gilbert. Their number, the following selective copy of this collection (f° 227vb-234vb) and the compilator’s method led us to seek for his connections with the Francofurtana and its Supplementum. The result of the search is presented in detailed analysis of the copy of the Compilatio prima [I Collectio Rotomagensis secunda]. It helps to understand better the tenor of the subsequent Collectio Gilberti [II Collectio Gilberti R].
Über die mittelalterliche Kirchengerichtsbarkeit des Königreichs Ungarn: Das Beispiel der Tätigkeit des Graner Kirchengerichts unter dem Generalvikar Matthäus de Vicedominis (1399–1428)
Authors: Lakatos Bálint , Mikó Gábor 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOn medieval church legislation in the Kingdom of Hungary - the diocesan law tribunal of Esztergom under the vicar Matteo di Vicedomini di Piacenza (1399-1428). In this paper the authors present the organization and work of medieval ecclesiastical courts of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 14
Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565) und die Joachimsthaler Kirchenordnung (1551)
Authors: Schwarz Karl W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractJohannes Mathesius (1504-1565) and the church order of Joachimsthal (1551): Legal history notes on the works of a Wittenberg scholar in Bohemia. The contribution deals with the „reformator of the second order/contingent“, Johannes Mathesius, rector and pastor in Joachimsthal in Bohemia. He is famous in reference to the history of Reformation because he kept a record of Luthers private after-dinner speeches in 1540 and he wrote the first biography of Luther. Furthermore he was author of a specific local ecclesiastical order for Joachimsthal, which followed the practice in Wittenberg, Leipzig and Nürnberg and was under specific ecclesiastical premise in the instruction for the visitators.
„Im Namen Gottes des Allmächtigen!“
Authors: Winzeler Christoph 
Published: July 2016

Abstract„In the Name of God the Almighty!“, Swiss constitutional law on religions - balancing and apeacing in historic tradition. From the 16th century onwards, the Reformation and its consequences have influenced the development of the Swiss Confederation. During the late Middle Ages, the Confederation had been struggling to find its way as a system of treaties within a growing number of Cantons. The Reformation divided the Cantons in two ‚camps‘, both trying to defeat each other on the battlefield, which resulted in four successive Peace Treaties (‚Landfriedensbünde‘). 1847 there was a last civil war between the conservative or catholic ‚camp‘ and the liberal or protestant majority. From 1848 until 1973, the Federal Constitution contained discriminations against catholics, including a probihition of the Jesuits. In 2009, under changed circumstances, a new religious discrimination was introduced into the Constitution: the ban on minarets. Islam is now making a way through Swiss history comparable to that of Catholicism in the 19th century. Yet the law of the Cantons, developed over the centuries, provides for adequate instruments to cope with the challenges of the 21st century.
Römisches Recht in Reims: Ein Exzerpt aus der Epitome Aegidii
Authors: Trump Dominik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRoman Law in Reims, An excerpt from the Epitome Aegidii in the ms. Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, A. 46 inf. This Roman law excerpt is transmitted by a manuscript of the late ninth century from Reims. Up to now research has mainly focused on the canonistic parts of the codex. The detailed analysis of the excerpt includes a comprehensive description and examination. Further contemporary sources of legal provenance are consulted for placing the excerpt in its historical context. It becomes apparent that the collection was compiled specifically for the Reims diocese and its needs. At the end of the article an edition of the excerpt is given.
Miszellen. On the Legal Effects of Sponsalia
Authors: Mitchell Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article challenges the traditional view that informal sponsalia (as described in D. 23,1) were legally unenforceable in classical Roman law. After a close examination of the contents and structure of D. 23,1 and related Digest texts, it offers a new interpretation of a crucial passage from Aulus Gellius (Noctes Atticae 4.4), which has traditionally been read as showing that Roman sponsalia were unenforceable. The article then concludes with a consideration of the literary evidence offered by Varro, Plautus and Ovid.
Bemerkungen zur falzidischen Rechnung bei der Pupillarsubstitution
Authors: Schanbacher Dietmar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNotes on Falcidian calculation in the case of pupillary substitution. The testator usually provides for the case that the instituted heir dies before he attained full age (pupillus) and nominates a substitute heir (substitutus). If both, pupillus and substitutus, have to fulfill different legacies the question arises if the substitute can refer to the lex Falcidia, claiming that the sum of all legacies, those imposed on him and those imposed on the pupillus, exceeds the Falcidian limit. According to strict law this is impossible because the substitutus is heir of the pupillus and the value of the heritage was already impaired by the legacies which the pupillus paid. Only if the substitutus is (by way of fiction) rated as heir of the testator the legacies can be totalized, the sum being the point of reference for the Falcidian calculation.
Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project
Authors: Callinan Sarah , Laslett Anne-Marie , Rekve Dag , Room Robin , Waleewong Orratai , Benegal Vivek , Casswell Sally , Florenzano Ramon , Hanh Hoang Thi My , Hanh Vu Thi Minh , Hettige Siri , Huckle Taisia , Ibanga Akanidomo , Obot Isidore , Rao Girish , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Rankin Georgia , Thamarangsi Thaksaphon 
Published: July 2016

Callinan, S., Laslett, A., Rekve, D., Room, R., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., Hanh, V., Hettige, S., Huckle, T., Ibanga, A., Obot, I., Rao, G., Siengsounthone, L., Rankin, G., & Thamarangsi, T. (2016). Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 25-32. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.218Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol’s harm to others internationally.Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled “The Harm to Others from Drinking,” along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future.Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others’ drinking to the respondent and the respondent’s children.Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons.Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture.Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others’ drinking cross-nationally.
Reducing and preventing alcohol misuse and its consequences: A Grand Challenge for social work
Authors: Begun Audrey L. , Clapp John D. , Alcohol Misuse Grand Challenge Collective The 
Published: July 2016

Begun, A., Clapp, J., & The Alcohol Misuse Grand Challenge Collective (2016). Reducing and preventing alcohol misuse and its consequences: A Grand Challenge for social work. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 73-83. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.223In both the United States and throughout the world, alcohol misuse is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and cooccurring physical and mental health problems. It causes an array of acute and chronic problems and contributes to extensive costs in every sector of society (e.g., health, mental health, education, legal, economic productivity). The scientific discovery, development, and implementation of evidence-informed solutions for alleviating alcohol-related problems are inherently multisectoral, as they affect individuals, families, communities, and larger social systems. The advent of new technologies, research approaches, and intervention strategies has dramatically accelerated positive results in addressing such problems over the past 40 years. Still, alcohol misuse remains a significant global problem, and reducing and preventing its consequences is a Grand Challenge for Social Work. This paper addresses the following points about the challenge: (1) it is large, important, and compelling; (2) it can be analyzed and assessed; (3) demonstrable progress can be made in a decade; (4) multisectoral collaboration is required to meet this challenge; and (5) sustainable solutions to the challenge require significant, transformative, and groundbreaking innovations.
Contrasting responses to orbital precession on Titan and Earth
Authors: Liu Junjun , Schneider Tapio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEarth and Titan exhibit contrasting atmospheric responses to orbital precession. On Earth, most (water) precipitation falls in low latitudes, and precipitation is enhanced in a hemisphere when perihelion occurs in that hemisphere's summer. On Titan, most (methane) precipitation falls in high latitudes, and precipitation is enhanced in a hemisphere when aphelion occurs in that hemisphere's summer. We use a Titan general circulation model to elucidate the dynamical reasons for these different responses to orbital precession. They arise primarily because of the different diurnal rotation rates of Titan and Earth. The slower rotation rate of Titan leads to wider Hadley cells that transport moisture into polar regions. Changes in the length of summer, rather than in the intensity of summer insolation as in Earth's tropics, then dominate the precession response of the hydrologic cycle.
Direct observational evidence for the merging of equatorial plasma bubbles
Authors: Narayanan V. L. , Gurubaran S. , Shiokawa K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work we present direct ground‐based observational evidence for the merging of individual equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) obtained through the imaging of OI 630.0 nm airglow. Three potential mechanisms have been identified: (1) One of the EPBs tilts and reaches location of the adjacent growing EPB finally merging with it. (2) Some of the branches of an EPB arising from secondary instabilities reach out to adjacent EPB and merge with it. (3) The eastward zonal drift of the EPB on the eastern side slows down while the adjacent EPB on the western side drifts relatively faster and catches up. In one of the cases, a branch of an EPB was observed to get interchanged with another EPB as a result of merging and consequent pinching off from the parent EPB.
Heterogeneity of inelastic strain during creep of Carrara marble: Microscale strain measurement technique
Authors: Quintanilla‐Terminel Alejandra , Evans Brian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe combined the split cylinder technique with microfabrication technology to observe strain heterogeneities that were produced during high‐pressure transient creep of Carrara marble. Samples were patterned with a custom‐designed grid of markers spaced 10 µm apart and containing an embedded coordinate system. The microscale strain measurement (MSSM) technique described here allowed us to analyze the local strain distribution with unprecedented detail over large regions. The description of the strain field is a function of the area over which strain is being computed. The scale at which the strain field can be considered homogeneous can provide insight into the deformation processes taking place. At 400–500°C, when twinning production is prolific, we observe highly strained bands that span several grains. One possible cause for the multigrain bands is the need to relieve strain incompatibilities that result when twins impinge on neighboring grains. At 600–700°C, the strain fields are still quite heterogeneous, and local strain varies substantially within grains and near grain boundaries, but the multigrain slip bands are not present. Deformation is concentrated in much smaller areas within grains and along some grain boundaries. The disappearance of the multigrain slip bands occurs when the deformation conditions allow additional slip systems to be activated. At 600°C, when the total strain is varied from 0.11 to 0.36, the spatial scale of the heterogeneity does not vary, but there are increases in the standard deviation of the distribution of local strains normalized by the total strain; thus, we conclude that the microstructure does not achieve a steady state in this strain interval.
Training Melanoma Detection in Photographs Using the Perceptual Expertise Training Approach
Authors: Xu Buyun , Rourke Liam , Robinson June K. , Tanaka James W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAlthough a deadly form of skin cancer, melanoma is treatable if detected early. However, current rule‐based training practices in melanoma detection are not effective. We assessed an innovative technique to train melanoma detection using the perceptual expertise principles. Participants in the training group were trained to categorize melanoma and benign lesions to 95% accuracy. Participants in the control group received no training. Prior to testing all participants reviewed the ABCDE rules. Training was evaluated by the pre and post tests using the Melanoma Detection Test where participants categorized images of melanoma and benign lesions. As compared to the control group, the training group showed significant improvement in melanoma detection and became less liberal (i.e., bias toward categorizing a lesion as melanoma), and both improvements maintained a week after the training. These findings indicate that perceptual expertise training is a promising approach to train melanoma detection.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.