bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Goggle Slippage on the Video Head Impulse Test Outcome and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Suh Myung-Whan , Park Jae Hong , Kang Seong Il , Lim Jae Hyun , Park Moo Kyun , Kwon Seong Keun 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure the tightness of the goggle strap during the video head impulse test (vHIT) and to identify slippage-induced artifacts according to tightness. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of faulty gain caused by goggle slippage and explain the typical artifacts associated with it.

Subjects and Methods:
An endotracheal tube cuff manometer was coupled to the EyeSeeCam vHIT system (Interacoustics, Assens, Denmark) to monitor strap tightness. The instantaneous gain (40, 60, and 80 ms) and regression gain were compared in eight healthy subjects under the following strap tightness conditions: loose (25 cm H2O), tight (35 cm H2O), and very tight (45 cm H2O). To elucidate the mechanism of faulty gain caused by goggle slippage, a fake fixed pupil with a vestibule ocular reflex (VOR) gain of 0 was attached to the subject's eyelid. The faulty gain recording pattern was analyzed as the tightness of the strap was decreased.

Results:
The most common slippage-induced artifacts were: 1) initial backward eye movement toward the head movement, 2) acceleration bumps, 3) high gain, and 4) deceleration bumps. At 40 ms, the gain was significantly lower in the 25 cm H2O condition (0.68 ± 0.32 cm H2O) compared with the 45 cm H2O condition (0.90 ± 0.26 cm H2O). At 80 ms, the gain was higher for the 25 cm H2O condition (1.24 ± 0.27 cm H2O) compared with the 45 cm H2O condition (1.16 ± 0.30 cm H2O). These findings were progressively more obvious as the tightness of the strap decreased in a dose-dependent manner. When the fake pupil was recorded, initial backward eye movement toward the head movement (negative VOR gain) and eye tracing mimicking a small VOR (positive VOR gain) were recorded, despite the fake pupil having absolutely no movement. These artifact recordings are presumed to be related to the faulty low (40 ms) and high (80 ms) gain calculation.

Conclusions:
Slippage-induced artifacts are presumed to be because of the slingshot-like movement of the goggles during head movement in three different phases (lagging, overshooting, and bouncing of the goggles). Monitoring the pressure of the strap tightness may be a solution for minimizing this slippage. A strap tightness of at least 45 cm H2O is required for reliable vHIT recording and gain calculations.
Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Mental Health/Substance Abuse Treatment Among Blacks, Latinos, and Whites
Authors: Mays Vickie M. , Jones Audrey L. , Delany-Brumsey Ayesha , Coles Courtney , Cochran Susan D. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Experiences of discrimination in health care settings may contribute to disparities in mental health outcomes for blacks and Latinos. We investigate whether perceived discrimination in mental health/substance abuse visits contributes to participants’ ratings of treatment helpfulness and stopped treatment.

Research Methods:
We used data from 3 waves of the California Quality of Life Survey, a statewide population-based telephone survey assessing mental health/substance disorders and their treatment. In a sample of 1099 adults (age 18–72) who indicated prior year mental health/substance abuse visits, we examined: experiences of discrimination that occurred during health care and mental health/substance abuse visits, ratings of treatment helpfulness, and reports of stopping treatment early.

Results:
Fifteen percent of California adults reported discrimination during a health care visit and 4% specifically during mental health/substance abuse visits. Latinos, the uninsured, and those with past year mental disorders were twice as likely as others to report health care discrimination [adjusted odds ratio (AORs)=2.08, 2.77, and 2.51]. Uninsured patients were 7 times more likely to report discrimination in mental health/substance abuse visits (AOR=7.27, P<0.01). The most commonly reported reasons for health care discrimination were race/ethnicity for blacks (52%) and Latinos (31%), and insurance status for whites (40%). Experiences of discrimination in mental health/substance abuse visits were associated with less helpful treatment ratings for Latinos (AOR=0.09, P<0.05) and whites (AOR=0.25, P<0.01), and early treatment termination for blacks (AOR=13.38, P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Experiences of discrimination are associated with negative mental health/substance abuse treatment experiences and stopped treatment, and could be a factor in mental health outcomes.
Self-reflection as a Tool to Increase Hospitalist Participation in Readmission Quality Improvement
Authors: Rana Vipulkumar , Thapa Bipin , Saini Sumanta Chaudhuri , Nagpal Pooja , Segon Ankur , Fletcher Kathlyn , Lamb Geoffrey 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Reducing 30-day readmissions is a national priority. Although multipronged programs have been shown to reduce readmissions, the role of the individual hospitalist physician in reducing readmissions is not clear.

Objectives:
We evaluated the effect of physicians' self-review of their own readmission cases on the 30-day readmission rate.

Methods:
Over a 1-year period, hospitalists were sent their individual readmission rates and cases on a weekly basis. They reviewed their cases and completed a data abstraction tool. In addition, a facilitator led small group discussion about common causes of readmission and ways to prevent such readmissions.

Results:
Our preintervention readmission rate was 16.16% and postintervention was 14.99% (P = .76). Among hospitalists on duty, nearly all participated in scheduled facilitated discussions. Self-review was completed in 67% of the cases.

Conclusions:
A facilitated reflective practice intervention increased hospitalist participation and awareness in the mission to reduce readmissions and this intervention resulted in a nonsignificant trend in readmission reduction.
TIRDA Originating From Lateral Temporal Cortex in a Patient With mTLE Is Not Related to Hippocampal Activity
Authors: Serafini Anna , Issa Naoum P. , Rose Sandra , Wu Shasha , Warnke Peter , Tao James X. 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Electrophysiological studies have suggested that temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (TIRDA) has a localizing value similar to interictal spikes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and is associated with a favorable outcome after temporal lobectomy. However, it remains controversial whether TIRDA is an EEG marker for mesial or lateral temporal epileptogenesis. We simultaneously recorded scalp EEG and stereoencephalography in a patient with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy during epilepsy presurgical evaluation. Seizure onset was localized to the hippocampus. However, TIRDA originated from the lateral temporal cortex, and rhythmic delta activity was not observed concomitantly in the hippocampus. In addition, TIRDA was not associated with repetitive interictal spikes or subclinical seizures in the hippocampus as previously speculated. This case suggests that TIRDA can be an EEG marker that is independent of hippocampal activity and can represent temporal neocortical epileptogenesis.
Perfusion MRI Can Impact Treatment Decision in Ictal–Interictal Continuum
Authors: Venkatraman Anand , Khawaja Ayaz , Bag Asim K. , Mirza Maira , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Pati Sandipan B. B. 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) are commonly seen on EEG in critically ill patients. They are often associated with seizures, but some patients may have them without seizures. Therefore, they are considered to lie in the ictal–interictal continuum. When ictal, they require multiple antiepileptic drugs to treat effectively, which can expose the patient to iatrogenic complications. Therefore, optimal management is controversial. We present here two cases where perfusion-weighted MRI was useful in distinguishing ictal from interictal LPDs. In the first patient, hyperperfusion in the area showing LPDs was considered an indication that the LPDs were ictal, and aggressive treatment led to clinical improvement. The second patient had no asymmetry on perfusion-weighted MRI, and therefore, we did not escalate antiepileptic therapy, and the LPDs resolved spontaneously over the next few days. Perfusion-weighted MRI offers several advantages over other techniques, such as single-photon emission computerized tomography that have been used for this purpose before. It does not expose the patient to radiation, and newer techniques like arterial spin labeling can even obviate the need for intravenous contrast. Larger scale studies using perfusion-weighted MRI will be of great value to clinical practice.
Development of a modular automated system for maintenance and differentiation of adherent human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Crombie Duncan E. , Daniszewski Maciej , Liang Helena H. , Kulkarni Tejal , Li Fan , Lidgerwood Grace E. , Conquest Alison , Hernández Damian , Hung Sandy S. , Gill Katherine P. , Smit Elisabeth De , Kearns Lisa S. , Clarke Linda , Sluch Valentin M. , Chamling Xitiz , Zack Donald J. , Wong Raymond C.B. , Hewitt Alex W. , Pébay Alice 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPatient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have tremendous potential for development of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery. However, the processes of reprogramming, maintenance and differentiation are labour intensive and subject to inter-technician variability. To address these issues, we established and optimised protocols to allow for the automated maintenance of reprogrammed somatic cells into iPSCs to enable the large-scale culture and passaging of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using a customized TECAN Freedom EVO. Generation of iPSCs was performed offline by nucleofection followed by selection of TRA-1-60 positive cells using a Miltenyi MultiMACS24 Separator. Pluripotency markers were assessed to confirm pluripotency of the generated iPSCs. Passaging was performed using an enzyme-free dissociation method. Proof of concept of differentiation was obtained by differentiating human PSCs into cells of the retinal lineage. Key advantages of this automated approach are the ability to increase sample size, reduce variability during reprogramming or differentiation, and enable medium to high-throughput analysis of human PSCs and derivatives. These techniques will become increasingly important with the emergence of clinical trials using stem cells.
Reproducibility and replicability of rodent phenotyping in preclinical studies
Authors: Kafkafi Neri , Agassi Joseph , Chesler Elissa J. , Crabbe John C. , Crusio Wim E. , Eilam David , Gerlai Robert , Golani Ilan , Gomez-Marin Alex , Heller Ruth , Iraqi Fuad , Jaljuli Iman , Karp Natasha A. , Morgan Hugh , Nicholson George , Pfaff Donald W. , Richter S. Helene , Stark Philip B. , Stiedl Oliver , Stodden Victoria , Tarantino Lisa M. , Tucci Valter , Valdar William , Williams Robert W. , Würbel Hanno , Benjamini Yoav 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe scientific community is increasingly concerned with cases of published “discoveries” that are not replicated in further studies. The field of mouse behavioral phenotyping was one of the first to raise this concern, and to relate it to other complicated methodological issues: the complex interaction between genotype and environment; the definitions of behavioral constructs; and the use of the mouse as a model animal for human health and disease mechanisms. In January 2015, researchers from various disciplines including genetics, behavior genetics, neuroscience, ethology, statistics and bioinformatics gathered in Tel Aviv University to discuss these issues. The general consent presented here was that the issue is prevalent and of concern, and should be addressed at the statistical, methodological and policy levels, but is not so severe as to call into question the validity and the usefulness of model organisms as a whole. Well-organized community efforts, coupled with improved data and metadata sharing, were agreed by all to have a key role to play in identifying specific problems and promoting effective solutions. As replicability is related to validity and may also affect generalizability and translation of findings, the implications of the present discussion reach far beyond the issue of replicability of mouse phenotypes but may be highly relevant throughout biomedical research.
Incorporating calibrated functional assay data into theBRCA1Ex-UV database
Authors: Thompson Bryony A. , Bell Russell , Welm Bryan E. , Burn John , Tavtigian Sean V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDriven by massively parallel sequencing and allied technologies, the scale of genetic predisposition testing is on a dramatic uptrend. While many patients are found to carry clinically actionable pathogenic sequence variants, testing also reveals enormous numbers of Unclassified Variants (UV), or Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS), most of which are rare missense substitutions. Following IARC variant classification guidelines, quantitative methods have been developed to integrate multiple data types for clinical UV evaluation inBRCA1/2; results from these analyses are recorded in the BRCA gene Ex-UV database (hci-exlovd.hci.utah.edu). In variant classification, the rate-limiting step is often accumulation of patient observational data. Recently, functional assays evaluatingBRCA1RING domain and C-terminal substitutions have been calibrated, enabling variant classification through a two-component combination of sequence analysis-based predictions with functional assay results. This two-component classification was embedded in a decision tree with safeguards to avoid misclassification. For the two-component analysis, sensitivity is 87.5%, specificity is 100%, and the error rate 0.0%. Classification of a UV as likely pathogenic or likely neutral does not require certainty; the probabilistic definitions of the categories imply an error rate. Combining sequence analysis with functional assay data in two-component analysis added 146BRCA1variants to the Ex-UV database.
Activation of adenylate cyclase‐cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A signaling by corticotropin‐releasing factor within the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is involved in pain‐induced aversion
Authors: Kaneko Tomoyuki , Kaneda Katsuyuki , Ohno Atsushi , Takahashi Daiki , Hara Taiki , Amano Taiju , Ide Soichiro , Yoshioka Mitsuhiro , Minami Masabumi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPain is a complex experience involving sensory and affective components. Although the neuronal mechanisms underlying the sensory component of pain have been extensively studied, those underlying its affective component have yet to be elucidated. Recently, we reported that corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF)‐induced depolarization in type II neurons within the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST) is critical for pain‐induced aversive responses in rats. However, the intracellular signaling underlying the excitatory effects of CRF and the contribution of such signaling to the induction of pain‐induced aversion remain unclear. In the present study, we addressed these issues by conducting whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in rat brain slices and by undertaking behavioral pharmacological analyses. Intracellular perfusion of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp‐cyclic adenosine monophosphorothioate (Rp‐cAMPS) or KT5720 suppressed the excitatory effects of CRF in type II dlBNST neurons, and bath application of Rp‐cAMPS also suppressed it. In addition, bath application of forskolin, an adenylate cyclase (AC) activator, mimicked the effects of CRF, and pretreatment with forskolin diminished the excitatory effects of CRF. Furthermore, a conditioned place aversion (CPA) test showed that co‐administration of Rp‐cAMPS with CRF into the dlBNST suppressed CRF‐induced CPA. Intra‐dlBNST injection of Rp‐cAMPS also suppressed pain‐induced CPA. These results suggest that CRF increases excitability of type II dlBNST neurons through activation of the AC‐cAMP‐PKA pathway, thereby causing pain‐induced aversive responses. The present findings shed light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying the negative affective component of pain and may provide therapeutic targets for treating intractable pain accompanied by psychological factors.
Mapping of a FEB3 homologous febrile seizure locus on mouse chromosome 2 containing candidate genes Scn1a and Scn3a
Authors: Hessel Ellen V. S. , van Lith Hein A. , Wolterink‐Donselaar Inge G. , de Wit Marina , Groot Koerkamp Marian J. A. , Holstege Frank C. P. , Kas Martien J. H. , Fernandes Cathy , de Graan Pierre N. E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFebrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizure type in children. Recurrent FS are a risk factor for developing temporal lobe epilepsy later in life and are known to have a strong genetic component. Experimental FS (eFS) can be elicited in mice by warm‐air induced hyperthermia. We used this model to screen the chromosome substitution strain (CSS) panel derived from C57BL/6J and A/J for FS susceptibility and identified C57BL/6J‐Chr2A/NaJ (CSS2), as the strain with the strongest FS susceptibility phenotype. The aim of this study was to map FS susceptibility loci and select candidate genes on mouse chromosome 2. We generated an F2 population by intercrossing the hybrids (F1) that were derived from CSS2 and C57BL/6J mice. All CSS2‐F2 individuals were genotyped and phenotyped for eFS susceptibility, and QTL analysis was performed. Candidate gene selection was based on bioinformatics analyses and differential brain expression between CSS2 and C57BL/6J strains determined by microarray analysis. Genetic mapping of the eFS susceptibility trait identified two significant loci: FS‐QTL2a (LOD‐score 3.6) and FS‐QTL2b (LOD‐score 6.2). FS‐QTL2a contained 44 genes expressed in the brain at post natal day 14. Four of these (Arl6ip6, Cytip, Fmnl2 Ifih1) contained a non‐synonymous SNP comparing CSS2 and C57BL/6J, six genes (March7, Nr4a2, Gpd2, Grb14, Scn1a, Scn3a) were differentially expressed between these strains. A region within FS‐QTL2a is homologous to the human FEB3 locus. The fact that we identify mouse FS‐QTL2a with high FEB3 homology is strong support for the validity of the eFS mouse model to study genetics of human FS.
Assessment of risk factors for oro‐facial pain and recent developments in classification: implications for management
Authors: Svensson P. , Kumar A. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryOro‐facial pain research has during the last decades provided important novel insights into the basic underlying mechanisms, the need for standardised diagnostic procedures and classification systems, and multiple treatment options for successful rehabilitation of the patient in pain. Notwithstanding the significant progress in our knowledge spanning from molecules to chair, there may also be limitations in our ability to integrate and interpret the tremendous amount of new data and information, in particular in terms of the clinical implications and overriding conceptual models for oro‐facial pain. The aim of the present narrative review is to briefly summarise some of the current thoughts on oro‐facial pain mechanisms and recent attempts to identify biomarkers and risk factors leading to the proposal of a new risk assessment diagram for oro‐facial pain (RADOP) and a provocative new concept based on stochastic variation between multiple risk factors. Finally, the implications for novel management strategies will briefly be discussed.
Exertional Hyponatremia and Serum Sodium Change During Ultraendurance Cycling
Authors: Armstrong Lawrence E. , Lee Elaine C. , Casa Douglas J. , Johnson Evan C. , Ganio Matthew S. , McDermott Brendon P. , Vingren Jakob L. , Oh Hyun M. , Williamson Keith H. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction:Exertional hyponatremia (EH) during prolonged exercise involves all avenues of fluid-electrolyte gain and loss. Although previous research implicates retention of excess fluid, EH may involve either loss, gain, or no change of body mass. Thus, the etiology, predisposing factors, and recommendations for prevention are vague—except for advice to avoid excessive drinking.Purpose:This retrospective field study presents case reports of two unacquainted recreational cyclists (LC, 31y and AM, 39 years) who began exercise with normal serum electrolytes but finished a summer 164-km ride (ambient, 34±5°C) with a serum [Na+] of 130 mmol/L.Methods:To clarify the etiology of EH, their pre- and post-exercise measurements were compared to a control group (CON) of 31 normonatremic cyclists (mean ± SD; 37±6 years; 141±3 mmol Na+/L).Results:Anthropomorphic characteristics, exercise time, and post-exercise ratings of thermal sensation, perceived exertion and muscle cramp were similar for LC, AM and CON. These two hyponatremic cyclists consumed a large and similar volume of fluid (191 and 189 ml/kg), experienced an 11 mmol/L decrease of serum [Na+], reported low thirst sensations; however, LC gained 3.1 kg (+4.3% of body mass) during 8.9 hr of exercise and AM maintained body mass (+0.1kg, +0.1%, 10.6h). In the entire cohort (n = 33), post-event serum [Na+] was strongly correlated with total fluid intake (R2 = 0.45, p < .0001), and correlated moderately with dietary sodium intake (R2=0.28, p = .004) and body mass change (R2 = 0.22, p = .02). Linear regression analyses predicted the threshold of EH onset (<135 mmol Na+/L) as 168 ml fluid/kg.Conclusions:The wide range of serum [Na+] changes (+6 to -11 mmol/L) led us to recommend an individualized rehydration plan to athletes because the interactions of factors were complex and idiosyncratic.