bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking the Helicobacter pylori Epidemic in Adults and Children in China
Authors: Wang Zixing , Hu Yaoda , Fei Ran , Han Wei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Chen Dongbo , She Shaoping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Helicobacter pylori epidemic in China accounts for up to a third of gastric cancers worldwide. We aim to monitor the temporal and spatial dynamics of H. pylori infection in both adults and children across China.Materials and MethodsWe developed a surveillance system consisting of a data collection component that harnessed survey reports in natural populations and an analysis component that accounted for the differences in survey time and location, population age structure, and H. pylori detection method. System outputs were estimates of the prevalence of H. pylori in adults and children (aged ≤ 14 years) presented at three hierarchical levels (regional, provincial, and prefectural).ResultsThe overall prevalence of H. pylori infection declined sharply in adults (63.3%, 52.5%, 43.4%, and 38.7%) and less sharply in children (23.1%, 26.1%, 16.0%, and 15.7%) in 1983–1999, 2000–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019, respectively. The changes were asynchronous across regions, with the most marked declines in the Northwest, the Hong Kong‐Macao‐Taiwan region, and the East. We estimated that 457.6 million adults and 44.5 million children have been infected with H. pylori, with cross‐province disparities in prevalence ranging from 24.3% to 69.3% among adults and 2.9% to 46.3% among children. In general, the risk level of gastric cancer increased as the prevalence of H. pylori increased. The correlation was statistically significant for both adult men (Spearman coefficient of correlation: 0.393, p = 0.0146) and women (0.470, p = 0.0029).ConclusionsThe tracking system would be important for the continuous and stratified tracking of the Helicobacter pylori epidemic across China and can be used to furnish an evidence base for the formulation of tailored prevention strategies.
Does Lack of Commitment Undermine the Hypocrite's Standing to Blame?
Authors: Lippert‐Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccording to an influential account of standing, hypocritical blamers lack standing to blame in virtue of their lack of commitment to the norm etc. which they invoke. Nevertheless, the commitment account has the wrong shape for it to explain why hypocrites lack standing to blame. Building on the lessons of that critique I propose a novel account of what undermines standing to blame – the comparative fairness account. This differs from the commitment account and the other prominent account of why hypocrites lack standing to blame offered in the literature: the moral equality account. Finally, I observe that, intuitively, lack of commitment undermines standing to blame and that many hypocrites might lack standing for that reason also. Moreover, typically the hypocrite's failure to address their own faults is a feature in virtue of which, other things being equal, the hypocrite is less committed to the norm in question. These two observations provide the basis for an error theory of the commitment account's appeal, despite its inability to explain why, qua hypocritical blamer, one lacks standing to blame.
Incidence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and advanced fibrosis and impact of overweight/obesity in elderly population: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Kunhee , Lee Yaeji , Lee Jae Seung , Kim Mi Na , Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Jung Inkyung , Lee Hye Won 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing worldwide, coinciding with aging population. However, limited studies have evaluated its incidence and progression to advanced fibrosis in the elderly population. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the incidence of MASLD and advanced fibrosis in this age group.MethodsWe included 878 686 individuals aged ≥60 years from the Korea National Health Insurance Service‐Senior cohort. After excluding participants with preexisting MASLD, 329 388 individuals were finally analyzed. Participants were categorized into four groups based on the presence of overweight/obesity and additional risk factors (aRF) included in the cardiometabolic diagnostic criteria of MASLD.ResultsThe overall incidence of MASLD was 1.94 per 100 person‐years, and the incidence of advanced fibrosis in MASLD patients was 1.78 per 100 person‐years. MASLD development was significantly higher in overweight/obese patients (2.65 per 100 person‐years) compared to lean patients (1.09 per 100 person‐years), and this trend persisted after stratification by the presence of aRF. Similarly, the incidence of advanced fibrosis among MASLD patients was higher in overweight/obese individuals (2.06 per 100 person‐years) compared to lean counterparts (0.87 per 100 person‐years), irrespective of aRF.ConclusionsThe lower incidence of MASLD in the elderly population compared to the general population underscores the importance of identifying age‐specific risk factors. Overweight/obesity emerged as a robust predictor of MASLD development and advanced fibrosis. Additionally, the presence of additional cardiometabolic risk factors further increased the risk of incident MASLD and advanced fibrosis among the elderly.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the perceived barriers of mammography scale
Authors: Aker Menekşe Nazlı , Yılmaz Sezer Neslihan , Öner Cengiz Hatice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimEarly diagnosis and screening of breast cancer are of vital importance in the fight against the disease. It is crucial to identify the underlying barriers that prevent women from undergoing mammography and to develop necessary strategies to overcome these obstacles. The purpose of this study was to adapt “The Perceived Barriers of Mammography Scale (PBMS‐23)” into Turkish and to conduct a validity and reliability study.MethodsThis study used a methodological approach. The study was conducted with 233 women admitted to the Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected by using the Introductory Information Form, PBMS‐23, Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Mammography Screening (CHBMS‐MS). Psychometric properties of the scale were tested with content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and test–retest reliability coefficient.ResultsContent validity confirmatory factor analysis resulted in 𝜒2/SD = 1.67; CFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.86, RMSEA = 0.054. The scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87, while the subscales had Cronbach's alpha values of 0.34 to 0.80. The intraclass correlation coefficient values calculated for the test–retest reliability were between 0.83 and 0.96 for the subscales and 0.96 for the overall scale. There is a positive and statistically significant relationship (p < 0.01) between the CHBMS‐MS barriers dimension and prejudices dimension scores and all subdimensions and the total of the PBMS‐23.ConclusionThe PBMS‐23 was accepted as a valid and reliable tool with 23 items and eight‐factor structure that can be useful in measuring Turkish women's barriers to mammography.
Effect of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score on prognosis in intermediate‐risk endometrial cancer according to molecular‐based classification
Authors: Ozdemir Cem Yagmur , Cicekli Nayif , Ahat Betül , Marangoz Bahar , Konus Suleyman , Dur Rıza , Arioz Dagistan Tolga 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the relationship between molecular classification and HALP score in endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsPatients who were operated with the diagnosis of EC 2014 and 2024 were included in our study. 150 patients were included in the study. We divided the patients into three groups in terms of molecular classification; group 1 was the patients with POLE mutation, group 2 was the patients with MMRd and NSMP (intermediate prognosis), and group 3 was the patients with p53 mutation. Group 2 participants were divided into two groups, a low HALP score group and a high HALP score group, according to the HALP score cut‐off value.ResultsUsing the value with the highest Youden's index (0.306) as a basis, it was demonstrated that the HALP score with a cut‐off value of 33.735 has a sensitivity of 61.86% and a specificity of 68.75% in intermediate‐risk EC. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was found to be 75.4% in intermediate‐risk EC patients with low HALP scores and 91.5% in intermediate‐risk EC patients with high HALP scores (p = 0.008). The 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was found to be 86% in intermediate‐risk EC patients with low HALP scores and 94.4% in intermediate‐risk EC patients with high HALP scores (p = 0.089). MMR deficiency and NSMP have been considered intermediate‐risk groups for endometrial cancer and are a heterogeneous group. Although the use of the HALP score to reduce this heterogeneity is successful in predicting OS, it is not sufficient for PFS.
Delirium and frailty in older adults: Clinical overlap and biological underpinnings
Authors: Bellelli Giuseppe , Triolo Federico , Ferrara Maria Cristina , Deiner Stacie G. , Morandi Alessandro , Cesari Matteo , Davis Daniel , Marengoni Alessandra , Inzitari Marco , Watne Leiv Otto , Rockwood Kenneth , Vetrano Davide Liborio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFrailty and delirium are two common geriatric syndromes sharing several clinical characteristics, risk factors, and negative outcomes. Understanding their interdependency is crucial to identify shared mechanisms and implement initiatives to reduce the associated burden. This literature review summarizes scientific evidence on the complex interplay between frailty and delirium; clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological commonalities; and current knowledge gaps. We conducted a PubMed systematic search in June 2023, which yielded 118 eligible articles out of 991. The synthesis of the results—carried out by content experts—highlights overlapping risk factors, clinical phenotypes, and outcomes and explores the influence of one syndrome on the onset of the other. Common pathophysiological mechanisms identified include inflammation, neurodegeneration, metabolic insufficiency, and vascular burden. The review suggests that frailty is a risk factor for delirium, with some support for delirium associated with accelerated frailty. The proposed unifying framework supports the integration and measurement of both constructs in research and clinical practice, identifying the geroscience approach as a potential avenue to develop strategies for both conditions. In conclusion, we suggest that frailty and delirium might be alternative—sometimes coexisting—manifestations of accelerated biological aging. Clinically, the concepts addressed in this review can help approach older adults with either frailty or delirium from a different perspective. From a research standpoint, longitudinal studies are needed to explore the hypothesis that specific pathways within the biology of aging may underlie the clinical manifestations of frailty and delirium. Such research will pave the way for future understanding of other geriatric syndromes as well.
Prediction of approaching trains based on H‐ranks of track vibration signals
Authors: Orinaite Ugne , Burdzik Rafal , Ranjan Vinayak , Ragulskis Minvydas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for forecasting the arrival of trains by analyzing track vibration signals. The proposed algorithms, based on H‐ranks of track vibration signals, can generate early alerts for approaching trains. These algorithms are robust to additive noise and environmental conditions. The theoretical foundation of the method involves the application of matrix operations to detect significant changes in vibration patterns, indicating an approaching train.
Cortical oscillations and event‐related brain potentials during the preparation and execution of deceptive behavior
Authors: Schnuerch Robert , Schmuck Jonas , Gibbons Henning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeception often occurs in response to a preceding cue (e.g., a precarious question) alerting us about the need to subsequently lie. Here, we simulate this process by adapting a previously established paradigm of intentionally false responding, now instructing participants about the need for deception (vs. truthful responses) by means of a simple cue occurring before each response‐relevant target. We analyzed event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) as well as cortical oscillations recorded from the scalp. In an experimental study (N = 44), we show that a cue signaling the need for deception involves increased attentional selection (P2, P3a, P3b). Moreover, in the period following the cue and leading up to the target, ERP and oscillatory signatures of anticipation and preparation (Contingent Negative Variation, alpha suppression) were found to be increased during trials requiring a deceptive as compared to a truthful response. Additionally, we replicated earlier findings that target processing involves enhanced motivated attention toward words requiring a deceptive response (LPC). Moreover, a signature of integration effort and semantic inhibition (N400) was observed to be larger for words to which responses have to be intentionally false as compared to those to which responses must be truthful. Our findings support the view of the involvement of a series of basic cognitive processes (especially attention and cognitive control) when responses are deliberately wrong instead of right. Moreover, preceding cues signaling the subsequent need for lying already elicit attentional and preparatory mechanisms facilitating the cognitive operations necessary for later successful lying.
Understanding Poverty Alleviation in Rural China: The Role of Policy Brokers
Authors: Li Mianguan , Yang Zaiping , Walker Robert 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTChina eradicated rural extreme poverty in 2020 after an 8‐year campaign that combined endogenous economic development involving local people with social assistance. Ethnographic research in a village in southwest China reports township officials, under‐resourced and pressed by higher tiers of government to meet the poverty‐eradication target, commissioning an entrepreneur as a policy‐broker. The latter established enterprises nominally to provide local employment, while seeking profitability from their investment. Prioritising poverty eradication over sustainability, government subsidies were employed to engineer income transfers lifting villagers out of poverty by the target date. Thereafter, transfers of income from the enterprises to impoverished people were at best irregular. The experience highlights the distorting effect of policy targets and the limits to endogenous development undertaken under time–pressure with villagers neither consulted nor benefiting from new employment.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: September 2024

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 4 Ashraf Elsafty, Eslsca University, EgyptCarlos Sanz, Cardiff University, UKEhab Gouda Tolba, Mansoura University, EgyptJacinthe Rihan, Ain Shams University, EgyptJoel Maligaya Cuadra, NU Laguna, PhilippinesJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJulio Cesar André, Center for Studies and Development of Health Education-CEDES, BrazilKendall Hartley, University of Nevada, USAKun Yu, Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaLisa Marie Portugal, American College of Education, USANiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USAShanita L. Pettaway, University of South Alabama, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail: jets@redfame.comURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Birational geometry of Beauville–Mukai systems III: Asymptotic behavior
Authors: Qin Xuqiang , Sawon Justin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSuppose that a Hilbert scheme of points on a K3 surface of Picard rank one admits a rational Lagrangian fibration. We show that if the degree of the surface is sufficiently large compared to the number of points, then the Hilbert scheme is the unique hyperkähler manifold in its birational class. In particular, the Hilbert scheme is a Lagrangian fibration itself, which we realize as coming from a (twisted) Beauville–Mukai system on a Fourier–Mukai partner of . We also show that when the degree of the surface is small our method can be used to find all birational models of the Hilbert scheme.
Paradigmatic perspectives of research on the self-regulated learning of non-Western learners in health professions education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Yoosoof Farah , Ihsan Fathima Rizka , Agius Steven , Coulson Neil , Freeman Kate , Cooper Nicola 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
The objective of this review will be to explore the paradigmatic perspectives of research on self-regulated learning in non-Western learners in health professions education.

Introduction:
Studies show that there are significant cultural differences in self-regulated learning. However, a predominantly positivistic research paradigm, attempting to fit cross-cultural populations into pre-defined Western conceptualizations of self-regulated learning, has led to the disregard of these differences. Viewed from a critical realist paradigm, emerging evidence suggests the need for generalizable, yet culturally sensitive models. Given the relevance of self-regulated learning to success in an increasingly diverse health professions setting, the first step toward achieving this is to gain a systematic understanding of the paradigms of research on self-regulated learning in non-Western learners in this context.

Inclusion criteria:
Primary research on the self-regulated learning of non-Western learners in health professions education will be included. Participants will include learners in the Global South, including learners from Japan and South Korea, based on study setting. Studies on self-regulation and self-directed learning will not be included.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ASSIA (ProQuest), PsycINFO (Ovid), ERIC (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection, CKNI, Epistemonikos, and LILACS. Gray literature will be searched for in Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and DART-Europe. There will be no date or language restrictions. Following independent title and abstract screening by 2 reviewers, data will be extracted into a piloted data extraction tool, which will be iteratively revised as needed. Analyzed data will be presented in graphs and tables, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/gf2ez
Investigating the Impact of System Parameters on Flow-Induced Vibration Hard Galloping Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Dahai , Li Weijie , Zhang Shuai , Bai Zhang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, a classification model is established for the flow-induced vibration response based on the numerical and experimental data, using a deep neural network-based machine learning approach. The model effectively distinguishes between hard galloping and soft galloping in flow-induced vibrations by identifying the corresponding range of system parameters. Moreover, a regression model is established to determine the relationship between the critical reduced velocity of hard galloping and system parameters, and then, an exploratory function strategy is utilized to establish the functional relationship between the critical reduced velocity of the hard galloping and the system parameters. The results reveal that the system parameter range with the occurrence of hard galloping is fn &lt; 0.85∪ζ &gt; −0.1fn + 0.19. Additionally, the functional relationship between the critical reduced velocity and system parameters facilitates the adjustment of vibration states in flow-induced vibrations and enables deeper investigation into the phenomenon of hard galloping.
Comparative genomic analysis of
Acanthamoeba
from different sources and horizontal transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes
Authors: Ling Xinyi , Gu Xiaobin , Shen Yue , Fu Chunyan , Zhou Yumei , Yin Yiling , Gao Yanqiu , Zhu Yiwei , Lou Yongliang , Zheng Meiqin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Acanthamoeba
species are among the most common free-living amoeba and ubiquitous protozoa, mainly distributed in water and soil, and cause
Acanthamoeba
keratitis (AK) and severe visual impairment in patients. Although several studies have reported genomic characteristics of
Acanthamoeba
, limited sample sizes and sources have resulted in an incomplete understanding of the genetic diversity of
Acanthamoeba
from different sources. While endosymbionts exert a significant influence on the phenotypes of
Acanthamoeba
, including pathogenicity, virulence, and drug resistance, the species diversity and functional characterization remain largely unexplored. Herein, our study sequenced and analyzed the whole genomes of 19
Acanthamoeba
pathogenic strains that cause AK, and by integrating publicly available genomes, we sampled 29
Acanthamoeba
strains from ocular, environmental, and other sources. Combined pan-genomic and comparative functional analyses revealed genetic differences and evolutionary relationships among the different sources of
Acanthamoeba
, as well as classification into multiple functional groups, with ocular isolates in particular showing significant differences that may account for differences in pathogenicity. Phylogenetic and rhizome gene mosaic analyses of ocular
Acanthamoeba
strains suggested that genomic exchanges between
Acanthamoeba
and endosymbionts, particularly potential antimicrobial resistance genes trafficking including the
adeF
,
amrA
, and
amrB
genes exchange events, potentially contribute to
Acanthamoeba
drug resistance. In conclusion, this study elucidated the adaptation of
Acanthamoeba
to different ecological niches and the influence of gene exchange on the evolution of ocular
Acanthamoeba
genome, guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AK and laying a theoretical groundwork for developing novel therapeutic approaches.

IMPORTANCE

Acanthamoeba
causes a serious blinding keratopathy,
Acanthamoeba
keratitis, which is currently under-recognized by clinicians. In this study, we analyzed 48 strains of
Acanthamoeba
using a whole-genome approach, revealing differences in pathogenicity and function between strains of different origins. Horizontal transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes can help provide guidance as potential biomarkers for the treatment of specific
Acanthamoeba
keratitis cases.