bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the performance of MEG source reconstruction using resting state data
Authors: Little Simon , Bonaiuto James , Meyer Sofie S , Lopez Jose , Bestmann Sven , Barnes Gareth 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResting state networks measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG) form transiently stable spatio-temporal patterns in the subsecond range, and therefore fluctuate more rapidly than previously appreciated. These states populate and interact across the whole brain, are simple to record, and possess the same dynamic structure of task related changes. They therefore provide a generic, heterogeneous, and plentiful functional substrate against which to test different MEG recording and reconstruction approaches. Here we validate a non-invasive method for quantifying the resolution of different inversion assumptions under different recording regimes (with and without head-casts) based on resting state MEG. Spatio-temporally partitioning of data into self-similar periods confirmed a rich and rapidly dynamic temporal structure with a small number of regularly reoccurring states. To test the anatomical precision that could be resolved through these transient states we then inverted these data onto libraries of systematically distorted, subject specific, cortical meshes and compared the quality of the fit using Cross Validation and a Free Energy metric. This revealed which inversion scheme was able to best support the least distorted (most accurate) anatomical models. Both datasets showed an increase in model fit as anatomical models moved towards the true cortical surface. In the head-cast MEG data, the Empirical Bayesian Beamformer (EBB) algorithm showed the best mean anatomical discrimination (3.7 mm) compared with Minimum Norm / LORETA (6.0 mm) and Multiple Sparse priors (9.4 mm). This pattern was replicated in the second (conventional dataset) although with a marginally poorer prediction of the missing (cross-validated) data. Our findings suggest that the abundant resting state data now commonly available could be used to refine and validate MEG source reconstruction methods or recording paradigms.
Influence of learning strategy on response time during complex value-based learning and choice
Authors: Farashahi Shiva , Rowe Katherine , Aslami Zohra , Gobbini M Ida , Soltani Alireza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMeasurements of response time (RT) have long been used to infer neural processes underlying various cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, and decision making. However, it is currently unknown if RT is also informative about various stages of value-based choice, particularly how reward values are constructed. To investigate these questions, we analyzed the pattern of RT during a set of multi-dimensional learning and decision-making tasks that can prompt subjects to adopt different learning strategies. In our experiments, subjects could use reward feedback to directly learn reward values associated with possible choice options (object-based learning). Alternatively, they could learn reward values of options’ features (e.g. color, shape) and combine these values to estimate reward values for individual options (feature-based learning). We found that RT was slower when the difference between subjects’ estimates of reward probabilities for the two alternative objects on a given trial was smaller. Moreover, RT was overall faster when the preceding trial was rewarded or when the previously selected object was present. These effects, however, were mediated by an interaction between these factors such that subjects were faster when the previously selected object was present rather than absent but only after unrewarded trials. Finally, RT reflected the learning strategy (i.e. object-based or feature-based approach) adopted by the subject on a trial-by-trial basis, indicating an overall faster construction of reward value and/or value comparison during object-based learning. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the pattern of RT can be informative about how reward values are learned and constructed during complex value-based learning and decision making.
An analysis of household cooking fuel choice: a case of Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Danlami Abubakar Hamid , Applanaidu Shri Dewi , Islam Rabiul 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The primary purpose of this study is to assess the factors that influence households’ choice of cooking fuel in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 750 samples were selected using multistage area cluster sampling, of which 539 responses were analysed. Multinomial logit model was used to estimate the factors that determine a household’s main cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Findings
The result has shown that income, location, price of firewood, hours of electricity supply and home ownership are among the factors that have a significant impact on influencing the type of cooking fuel to be adopted by households.

Research limitations/implications
The study cannot offer any explanation about the influence of time dimension on the pattern of household cooking fuel choice in the study area.

Practical implications
Implementation of policies to increase the income of households, ensuring the availability of clean cooking fuel source and the increase in the price of firewood will encourage households to switch from using firewood to using cleaner fuel sources such as kerosene, electricity and gas.

Originality/value
This study has contributed to the existing literature on household energy choice by conducting a micro-level analysis of households’ cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State where a similar study has not been conducted. The study developed approximately 13 hypotheses (out of which two were found to be irrelevant) and added one new variable to test the impact of the neighbourhood’s source of cooking fuel on households’ cooking fuel choice.
Corporate governance: mapping the change
Authors: Srivastava Varnita , Das Niladri , Pattanayak Jamini Kanta 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the relationship of corporate governance attributes with cost of capital and firm performance. This paper also tries to find some widely discussed corporate governance attributes that hold importance in Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on literature survey of 241 research papers, both conceptual and empirical, which covers literature published over a period of three decades, ranging from 1986 to 2016. The literature includes those papers that studied the relation of corporate governance with cost of capital and firm performance, also it includes those research papers which discuss the evolution and development of corporate governance as a concept.

Findings
This study finds that the idea of corporate governance has shifted from the protection of shareholders’ rights to a firm’s need for survival. There is a dearth of literature studying the relation between corporate governance and cost of capital in India. It is observed that cost of capital is a better measure than Tobin’s q in Indian context.

Research limitations/implications
This paper mainly focuses on themes like cost of capital and firm performance therefore, some other firm-related measures which are also influenced by corporate governance may have been ignored.

Originality/value
This study enhances the literature on corporate governance especially in Indian context. Empirically testing the framework developed in this study will help in identifying the significance of various corporate governance attributes in Indian context.
Study on the Method Used to Display Self‐fading Lines and Erasable Lines
Authors: Li Biao , Ouyang Guoliang , Yao Lijuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTwo new kinds of writing tools are popular in China's market. One is a self‐fading pen, and another is an erasable pen. The ink of the two kinds of writing tools has a remarkable characteristic that it can gradually fade or disappear under heat or be rubbed off. How to reveal the disappeared written lines is a very important question for document examiners. In this article, three series of ink line samples were made with five types of self‐fading pens, 18 types of erasable pens, and three types of papers. Temperature, humidity, and lighting are known as influential factors of the process, and the effect of fading was examined. Luminescence, ultraviolet (UV), sidelight, electrostatic indentation development,low temperature, and solution revealing methods are found to be effective methods used to reveal the disappeared written lines. The best operating conditions for each method were obtained from the conducted experiments.
Metric Assessment of the Pubic Bone Using Known and Novel Data Points for Sex Estimation,
Authors: Blake Kathleen A. S. , Hartnett‐McCann Kristen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiological sex estimation of skeletal remains is essential in forensic and archaeological analyses. Anthropologists most often use the pelvis, which is the most sexually dimorphic element both morphologically and metrically. While nonmetric pubic bone features have been studied extensively, few metric studies have examined this individual bone for dimorphism. For this study, three observers examined three previously identified and ten novel measurements of the pubic body on a modern sample of isolated pubic bones from the Maricopa County Forensic Science Center (FSC), in Phoenix, Arizona (n = 400). A relationship between pubic body measurements and biological sex was demonstrated, with significant correlations. Discriminant function analyses found that five measurements, four of which were novel, discriminated between males (89%) and females (86%). Observer experience level did not significantly impact the results. These five measurements were reliable and show promise for inclusion in metric methods for assessment of sex.
Replenishment of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Dietary n‐3‐Deficient Mice Fed DHA in Triglycerides or Phosphatidylcholines After Weaning
Authors: Wang Dan‐dan , Wu Fang , Wen Min , Ding Lin , Du Lei , Xue Chang‐hu , Xu Jie , Wang Yu‐ming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that DHA in triglyceride (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) forms are different in their bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of DHA‐TG and DHA‐PC on tissue DHA accretion in dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient (n‐3 Def) mice. The mice were fed with n‐3 Def diet containing DHA‐TG or DHA‐PC (5 g/kg diet) for 2, 4, 7, or 14 d after weaning, respectively. The DHA levels in the cortex, liver, testis, and erythrocytes were analyzed by gas chromatography. For liver, DHA mainly existed in hepatic phospholipids relative to triglycerides. Both DHA‐TG and DHA‐PC could recover the hepatic DHA to a normal level. Interestingly, DHA‐TG was more effective in increasing the DHA level in hepatic triglycerides, and DHA‐PC was more effective in increasing the DHA level in hepatic phospholipids. For erythrocytes, during the first 7 d, no difference was observed after dietary DHA‐TG and DHA‐PC but a significantly higher DHA percentage was detected in the DHA‐PC group after 14 d. For cortex, the DHA‐TG group showed a higher cortical DHA level at the 4th day, but the DHA‐PC group showed a higher cortical DHA level with a greater slope from Day 7 to Day 14, and the same trend was observed in testis. But unexpectedly, the DHA level in testis showed a downtrend from Day 7 to Day 14. This study suggests that, under dietary n‐3‐deficient condition, both DHA‐TG and DHA‐PC could recover the DHA level in tissues after weaning, and DHA‐PC showed a better supplemental effect.Practical ApplicationDietary DHA is essential for neurodevelopment which is usually accompanied by large amounts of DHA accretion in the brain. Our present study showed that DHA‐PC had a better efficiency for DHA accretion in the brain and other tissues compared with DHA‐TG. The findings are supposed to pave the way for the DHA in phospholipids as a novel nutrient added into the infant formula and assisted food for neurodevelopment.
Moderate hypofractionation for prostate cancer: A user's guide
Authors: Pryor David I , Turner Sandra L , Tai Keen Hun , Tang Colin , Sasso Giuseppe , Dreosti Marcus , Woo Henry H , Wilton Lee , Martin Jarad M 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThree large randomised controlled trials have been published in the last year demonstrating the non‐inferiority of moderate hypofractionation compared to conventional fractionation for localised prostate cancer with respect to both disease control and late toxicity at 5 years. Furthermore, no clinically significant differences in patient‐reported outcomes have emerged. More mature follow‐up data are now also available from phase 2 studies confirming that moderate hypofractionation is associated with low rates of significant toxicity at 10 years. Moving forward it is likely that appropriate patient selection, integration of androgen deprivation and attention to optimising technique will play a more important role than modest differences in dose‐fractionation schedules. Here we briefly review the evidence, discuss issues of patient selection and provide an approach to implementing moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy for prostate cancer in clinical practice.
Cut‐point for Ki‐67 proliferation index as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma
Authors: Wong Eugene , Nahar Najmun , Hau Eric , Varikatt Winny , Gebski Val , Ng Thomas , Jayamohan Jayasingham , Sundaresan Puma 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionKi‐67 proliferation index (Ki‐67 index) is used to quantify cell proliferation during histopathological assessment of various tumors including glioblastoma (GB).AimWe aimed to assess correlation between Ki‐67 index and overall survival in patients with GB and determine a cut‐point for Ki‐67 index that predicts for poorer survival.MethodRecords of adult patients diagnosed with GB on histopathological specimens at a tertiary cancer center in Sydney between 1 January 2002 and 30 July 2012 were retrieved. Specimens of these patients were examined for quantification of Ki‐67 staining by two independent pathologists. Patient, disease, treatment, and survival data were collected from hospital and cancer care service records. Statistical analysis was performed using proportional hazards models, Kaplan–Meier curves, and the minimum P‐value approach.ResultOf the eligible 71 patients, 58% were males with median age of 58 (range 18–87). Seventy‐three percent of patients were of ECOG performance status 0–1. There was a statistically significant correlation between Ki‐67 index and overall survival. In patients with Ki‐67 > 22% (n = 36), 5‐year survival was approximately 30% compared to 5% in those with Ki‐67 ≤ 22% (n = 35; log‐rank P‐value = 0.04; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.53; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.29–0.97).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a positive correlation between Ki‐67 index and overall survival in patients with GB. Percentage staining of Ki‐67 < 22% appears to predict for poorer survival in GB.
Treatment of allergic rhinitis using mobile technology with real‐world data: The MASK observational pilot study
Authors: Bousquet J. , Devillier P. , Arnavielhe S. , Bedbrook A. , Alexis‐Alexandre G. , van Eerd M. , Murray R. , Canonica G. W. , Illario M. , Menditto E. , Passalacqua G. , Stellato C. , Triggiani M. , Carreiro‐Martins P. , Fonseca J. , Morais Almeida M. , Nogueira‐Silva L. , Pereira A. M. , Todo Bom A. , Bosse I. , Caimmi D. , Demoly P. , Fontaine J. F. , Just J. , Onorato G. L. , Kowalski M. L. , Kuna P. , Samolinski B. , Anto J. M. , Mullol J. , Valero A. , Tomazic P. V. , Bergmann K. C. , Keil T. , Klimek L. , Mösges R. , Shamai S. , Zuberbier T. , Murphy E. , McDowall P. , Price D. , Ryan D. , Sheikh A. , Chavannes N. H. , Fokkens W. J. , Kvedariene V. , Valiulis A. , Bachert C. , Hellings P. W. , Kull I. , Melen E. , Wickman M. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Eller E. , Haahtela T. , Papadopoulos N. G. , Annesi‐Maesano I. , Bewick M. , Bosnic‐Anticevich S. , Cruz A. A. , De Vries G. , Gemicioglu B. , Larenas‐Linnemann D. , Laune D. , Mathieu‐Dupas E. , O'Hehir R. E. , Pfaar O. , Portejoie F. , Siroux V. , Spranger O. , Valovirta E. , VandenPlas O. , Yorgancioglu A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundLarge observational implementation studies are needed to triangulate the findings from randomized control trials as they reflect “real‐world” everyday practice. In a pilot study, we attempted to provide additional and complementary insights on the real‐life treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) using mobile technology.MethodsA mobile phone app (Allergy Diary, freely available in Google Play and Apple App stores) collects the data of daily visual analog scales (VAS) for (i) overall allergic symptoms, (ii) nasal, ocular, and asthma symptoms, (iii) work, as well as (iv) medication use using a treatment scroll list including all medications (prescribed and over the counter (OTC)) for rhinitis customized for 15 countries.ResultsA total of 2871 users filled in 17 091 days of VAS in 2015 and 2016. Medications were reported for 9634 days. The assessment of days appeared to be more informative than the course of the treatment as, in real life, patients do not necessarily use treatment on a daily basis; rather, they appear to increase treatment use with the loss of symptom control. The Allergy Diary allowed differentiation between treatments within or between classes (intranasal corticosteroid use containing medications and oral H1‐antihistamines). The control of days differed between no [best control], single, or multiple treatments (worst control).ConclusionsThis study confirms the usefulness of the Allergy Diary in accessing and assessing everyday use and practice in AR. This pilot observational study uses a very simple assessment (VAS) on a mobile phone, shows novel findings, and generates new hypotheses.
Nestin expression in primary and metastatic uveal melanoma – possible biomarker for high‐risk uveal melanoma
Authors: Djirackor Luna , Shakir Dilem , Kalirai Helen , Petrovski Goran , Coupland Sarah E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeNestin, a member of the intermediate filament protein family, has been described as a putative cancer stem cell marker (CSC) in uveal melanoma and poor prognostic factor in a variety of tumours, including cutaneous melanoma. In this study, we examined the expression of nestin in primary (PUM) and metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) samples, and correlated the findings with histological, clinical and survival data.MethodsNestin expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 141 PUM and 26 MUM samples; 11 PUM cases were matched with their corresponding metastases. The percentage of tumour cells expressing nestin was scored by three independent observers. Statistical analysis of all data was performed with SPSS.ResultsNestin expression was identified in both the cytoplasm and membrane of UM cells. Increased expression of nestin in PUM samples was associated with known poor prognostic parameters, including epithelioid cell morphology (p < 0.001), closed loops (p = 0.001), higher mitotic count (p < 0.001), monosomy 3 (p = 0.007) and chromosome 8q gain (p < 0.001). Primary uveal melanoma (PUM) with nestin expression levels above a cut‐off value of 10% [as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis] was associated with a significantly reduced survival time (Log‐rank, p = 0.002). In MUM, a higher percentage of nestin‐positive tumour cells combined with poor prognostic markers in the PUM led to a shorter survival time following the development of metastases.ConclusionIn conclusion, increased nestin expression in PUM is a predictor of a tumour phenotype associated with metastatic progression and reduced survival time at onset of metastasis.
Conservative therapy for chalazia: is it really effective?
Authors: Wu Albert Y , Gervasio Kalla A , Gergoudis Kellie N , Wei Chen , Oestreicher James H , Harvey John T 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess the within‐treatment efficacy of hot compresses (HC), HC plus tobramycin (Tobrex) and HC plus tobramycin/dexamethasone (Tobradex) for chalazia treatment.MethodsDesign: Multicentre, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01230593). Setting: Two clinical sites in New York and two clinical sites in Ontario. Study Population: A total of 149 patients with one or more chalazia on separate eyelids randomly assigned to receive HC (n = 50), HC plus tobramycin (n = 50) or HC plus tobramycin/dexamethasone (n = 49). Intervention: 4–6 weeks of assigned treatment. Patients were measured for chalazion horizontal width and surveyed for pain and treatment satisfaction levels. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was complete resolution (100% size reduction). Secondary outcomes were size change in millimetres and patient reported pre‐ and post‐treatment pain and satisfaction levels.ResultsIn the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population, complete resolution occurred in 36 (18%) lesions total, 13 (21%) treated with HC, 12 (16%) with HC plus tobramycin and 11 (18%) with HC plus tobramycin/dexamethasone, with no significant difference between them (p = .78). Individually by paired t‐test, there were statistically significant post‐treatment mean size differences: HC 1.20 mm (p < 0.001), HC plus tobramycin 1.69 mm (p < .001) and HC plus tobramycin/dexamethasone 1.54 mm (p < 0.001), but no significant difference between them (p = .61). Lesions that completely resolved had a statistically significant lower pretreatment duration (1.5 months) compared to lesions that did not completely resolve (2.2 months) (p = .04).ConclusionHot compresses (HC) alone or in combination with tobramycin or tobramycin/dexamethasone drops and ointment are all effective first‐line treatment options for chalazia. However, physicians may consider moving directly to the use of more invasive therapies, such as incision and curettage or steroid injections, for chalazia that have been present for more than 2 months, as older lesions are less likely to resolve with conservative therapies alone.
Pimasertib‐associated ophthalmological adverse events
Authors: van Dijk Elon H.C. , Kruit Wim H.J. , Jager Martine J. , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Vingerling Johannes R. , Boon Camiel J.F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo analyse ophthalmological adverse events associated with mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition with pimasertib treatment for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM).MethodsIn this prospective observational, cohort‐based, cross‐sectional study, eight patients treated with the MEK inhibitor pimasertib received a complete ophthalmic examination. This included Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study best‐corrected visual acuity, visual field testing, colour vision testing, slit‐lamp examination, applanation tonometry, indirect ophthalmoscopy, digital colour fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). In selected cases, fluorescein angiography was performed.ResultsSerous subretinal fluid (SRF) developed in all patients, within a time frame of 9–27 days after the start of treatment. The fovea was involved in six of eight patients (75%). None of the patients with foveal SRF [excluding a patient who developed a bilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO)] experienced visual symptoms. Subretinal fluid (SRF) decreased or resolved in all patients, despite continuation of study medication in six of eight patients (75%). Complaints in the CM patient (13%) consisted of experiencing a dark fleck in the inferior part of the visual field of the right eye 1 week after the start of treatment, due to an RVO. Subsequent intravitreal bevacizumab treatment resulted in functional and anatomical improvement.ConclusionPatients with metastatic CM who are treated with the MEK inhibitor pimasertib are at high risk of development of ocular adverse events including serous retinopathy and possibly RVO, stressing the need of adequate ophthalmological follow‐up including OCT during administration of pimasertib, despite the fact that SRF generally does not lead to ophthalmological complaints.