bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoconductive properties of undoped and nitrogen‐doped ZnO single crystals in various ambiences
Authors: Abe Takami , Takahashi Shuzo , Kamada Shuhei , Nakagawa Akira , Chiba Tetsuya , Nakagawa Michiko , Chiba Shigeki , Kashiwaba Yasuhiro , Daibo Masahiro , Niikura Ikuo , Kashiwaba Yasube , Osada Hiroshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effects of ambiences on photoconductive properties of the Zn‐face of undoped ZnO and nitrogen‐doped ZnO (ZnO:N) single crystals are described. Oxygen (O2) gas affected the photocurrent spectra of the Zn‐face of both single crystals. The photocurrent was smallest in O2 gas and was largest in the vacuum ambience. The influence of ambience was very small in the visible light region but was large in the UV region. Regardless of the ambience, photocurrent of the Zn‐face of ZnO:N showed no sensitivity in the visible region. The decay time response of undoped ZnO and ZnO:N single crystals was also affected by the ambience. Decay time responses of both single crystals were fastest in O2 gas and were slowest in the vacuum ambience. The decay time response of the ZnO:N single crystal was faster than that of the undoped ZnO single crystal. These results showed that the effect of oxygen‐mediated surface recombination is strong in both large single crystals with very small surface‐to‐volume ratio and no grain boundary effect. The results also showed that doped nitrogen decreases the density of electron and hole traps near the surface region of the crystals. It is thought that steepness of band bending near the surface of a ZnO:N single crystal is smaller than that of an undoped ZnO single crystal. In conclusion, the Zn‐face of a ZnO:N single crystal sealed with O2 gas is useful as a photoconductive type UV sensor. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bounds for pairs in judicious partitioning of graphs
Authors: Fan Genghua , Hou Jianfeng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn 2002, Bollobás and Scott posed the following problem: for an integer and a graph G of m edges, what is the smallest f(k, m) such that V(G) can be partitioned into V 1,…,Vk in which for all , where denotes the number of edges with both ends in ? In this paper, we solve this problem asymptotically by showing that . We also show that V(G) can be partitioned into such that for , where Δ denotes the maximum degree of G. This confirms a conjecture of Bollobás and Scott. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 59–70, 2017
Stress and its Impact on the Neurocognitive Performance of Australian Nurses
Authors: Lees Ty , Lal Sara 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNurses function inside a particularly stressful occupation that requires the provision of continuous care to individuals who are often in great need. Stress has been shown to impair performance and specifically shown to impair nursing quality. However, we do not yet know how stress influences the cognitive performance of nurses, and hence, the present study investigated the associations between stress and cognitive performance in nurses using electroencephalography and administered cognitive assessments.Thirty‐six nurses (34 women) of mean age 37.77 ± 11.40 years were recruited. Stress was examined using the Lifestyle Appraisal Questionnaire. Broad spectrum electroencephalogram activity at positions Fp1, Fp2, C3 and C4 was recorded for a 5‐min baseline and active phase to physiologically assess cognitive performance. Additionally, the Mini‐Mental State Exam and Cognistat were also used to measure cognitive performance.Assessed cognitive performance was not associated to stress, however, lifestyle factors, as well as a number of the examined cognitive electroencephalographic variables including changes in theta, alpha activity and gamma reactivity were.Definitively determining how stress affects the cognitive performance of nurses requires additional research; the present study forms a foundation from which future research can further expand the examination of stress exposure in nurses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incubation of an industry: Heterogeneous knowledge bases and modes of value capture
Authors: Moeen Mahka , Agarwal Rajshree 
Published: February 2016

Research summary: We examine firms' technological investments during an industry's incubation stage—the period between a technological breakthrough and the first instance of its commercialization. Using the agricultural biotechnology context, we develop stylized findings regarding the understudied knowledge evolution preceding product evolution in an industry's life cycle, the trend and diversity of firms undertaking technological investments in anticipation of industry emergence, their leverage of markets for technology and corporate control, and their use of alternative modes of value capture. We juxtapose these stylized findings with existing literature to identify new theoretical insights, and set the stage for future scholarly work to develop and test new theories for the incubation period, examine its existence in other industries, and study its impact on subsequent firm and industry evolution.Managerial summary: New technological breakthroughs present managers of existing firms and aspiring entrepreneurs with opportunities to create altogether new industries. During the vibrant incubation period, we find that multiple firms capitalize on diverse knowledge bases to shape the industry's knowledge evolution and also capture economic value in diverse ways. Existing firms in the obsolescing industry are more likely to become targets in acquisitions given their complementary knowledge. Science‐based start‐ups are more likely to engage in acquisitions and collaborations with established firms. Diversifying firms are more likely to commercialize products after leveraging of internal development, acquisitions, and alliances. Our study highlights the importance for managers to think about “success” and “failure” across multiple yardsticks of performance, rather than only as product commercialization as the sole goal. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A continuation‐based task programming model for C++: design of the Causeway library
Authors: Čukić Ivan 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThere is a big class of problems that requires writing programs in an asynchronous manner. Cloud computing, service‐oriented architectures, multi‐core and heterogeneous systems all require programs to be written with asynchronous components. The necessity of concurrency and asynchronous execution brings in the added complexity of the inversion of control into the system, either through message passing or through event processing. In this paper, we introduce explicit programming language support for asynchronous programming that completely hides inversion of control. The presented programming model defines a common abstraction of the different types of tasks, both synchronous and asynchronous. It defines common imperative control constructs equivalent to those of the host programming language, along with a few more advanced ones for transactional and parallel execution that can universally work for any task type. It allows the programmer to implement the logic of an asynchronous system in a natural way by writing simple, seemingly, synchronous imperative code. We will show that the programs written using this approach are easier to understand by programmers. They are also easier to design automated tests for, and for performing computer‐based static analysis of the program logic. The principles behind this approach were tested in a couple of real‐world systems with worldwide user base. Our experience shows that it makes the complex code with a lot of interdependencies between asynchronously executed tasks easy to write and reason about. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexural capacity enhancement of rectangular high‐strength concrete columns confined with post‐tensioned steel straps: experimental investigation and analytical modelling
Authors: Ma Chau‐Khun , Awang Abdullah Zawawi , Omar Wahid , Liang Maybelle , Jaw Siow‐Wei , Azimi Mohammadamin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe load‐carrying capacity and deformability of concrete columns can be substantially enhanced by confining with post‐tensioned steel straps. As interest in high‐strength concrete (HSC) grows among structural engineers and researchers due to its superior performance, this confining technique is being extended to HSC columns with the hope that it can eliminate the undesired properties of HSC, especially its brittleness. However, experimental studies involving confined HSC columns subjected to eccentric loads are comparatively limited. It can be seen from past research that most studies of external confinement were conducted on small‐scale normal‐strength concrete (NSC) cylinders subjected to concentric loads. Since most columns are subjected to eccentric loads in reality, the scarcity of test data has prevented the potential of this confining technique from being fully exploited. In this paper, this confining technique is called the steel‐strapping tensioning technique (SSTT) for brevity. Nine HSC columns were tested under eccentric loads. The specimens were grouped into three groups with each group having an unconfined HSC column as a control specimen, a two‐layer SSTT‐confined HSC column and a four‐layer confined HSC column. The experimental results show that the flexural capacities of HSC columns can be enhanced with SSTT. The deformability of confined HSC columns is significantly improved with such confinement.
Cyclic behaviour of interior reinforced concrete beam‐column connection with self‐consolidating concrete
Authors: Mobin Jalal Salehi , Kazemi Mohammad Taghi , Attari Nader K.A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA significant amount of research on self‐consolidating concrete (SCC) technology has been devoted to evaluating the suitability of the material for its use in structural applications. However, more research is required to confirm the adequacy of SCC structural members for resisting gravity and seismic loads. This study focuses on the experimental investigation of the seismic performance of interior reinforced concrete beam‐column connections with SCC. Four beam‐column connection specimens, three with SCC and one with normally vibrated concrete (NC), were designed for this experimental study. Factors such as concrete type (SCC or NC) and axial load ratio (0, 7.5 and 15 % of column section capacity) were assumed to be the variables in designing the specimens. Beam‐column connections made with NC and SCC were studied and compared under reversed cyclic loading. The performance of SCC specimens is comparable with NC specimens in terms of strength, displacement and ductility, but SCC specimens show lower energy dissipation capacity.
N‐Modified Carbon‐Based Materials: Nanoscience for Catalysis
Authors: Prati Laura , Chan‐Thaw Carine E. , Campisi Sebastiano , Villa Alberto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCarbon‐based materials constitute a large family of materials characterized by some peculiarities such as resistance to both acidic and basic environments, flexibility of structure, and surface chemical groups. Moreover, they can be deeply modified by simple organic reactions (acid–base or redox) to acquire different properties. In particular, the introduction of N‐containing groups, achieved by post‐treatments or during preparation of the material, enhances the basic properties. Moreover, it has been revealed that the position and chemical nature of the N‐containing groups is important in determining the interaction with metal nanoparticles, and thus, their reactivity. The modified activity was addressed to a different metal dispersion. Moreover, experiments on catalysts, showing the same metal dispersion, demonstrated that the best results were obtained when N was embedded into the carbon structure and not very close to the metal active site.
Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness in women with previous pregnancy complicated by early or late pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Orabona R. , Sciatti E. , Vizzardi E. , Bonadei I. , Valcamonico A. , Metra M. , Frusca T. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesPre‐eclampsia (PE) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk later in life. The persistence of endothelial dysfunction after delivery may represent the link between PE and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate endothelial function and arterial stiffness after delivery of pregnancy complicated by early‐onset (EO) or late‐onset (LO) PE and their correlation with gestational age and mean uterine artery pulsatility index at PE diagnosis and birth‐weight percentile.MethodsThe study included 30 women with previous EO‐PE, 30 with previous LO‐PE and 30 controls with no previous PE. Participants were examined at between 6 months and 4 years after delivery. All included women were free from cardiovascular risk factors and drugs. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics during pregnancy were collected retrospectively from obstetrical charts. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness were assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry and pulse‐wave analysis.ResultsAll vascular parameters were significantly different, indicating circulatory impairment, in women with previous EO‐PE. Women with previous LO‐PE had higher vascular rigidity than did controls and all had normal values of reactive hyperemia index, although they were significantly lower when compared with those of controls. On multivariate analysis, gestational age and mean uterine artery pulsatility index at the time of PE diagnosis, and birth‐weight percentile were all statistically related to the vascular indices studied, after correcting for confounding parameters.ConclusionsWomen with previous pregnancy complicated by PE, in particular those with early‐onset disease, showed persistent microcirculatory dysfunction, as suggested by a significant reduction in reactive hyperemia index value, and increased arterial stiffness. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Technological evolution of onshore wind turbines—a market‐based analysis
Authors: Serrano‐González Javier , Lacal‐Arántegui Roberto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWind energy technology is evolving towards larger machines (longer blades, taller towers and more powerful generators). Scaling up wind turbines is a challenging task, which requires innovative solutions as well as new configurations and designs. The size of wind turbines (in terms of rotor diameter, hub height and rated power) has increased extraordinary from 30 m rotor diameter, 30 m of hub height and 300 kW rated power, usual in the late 1980s, to 92.7 m rotor diameter, 87.7 m of height and 2.1 MW on average at the end of 2014. However, technological evolution has not only been focused on the scaling up process but also on developing innovative solutions that minimize costs at the same time as they deal with aspects of different nature, such as grid code requirements, reliability, quality of the wind resource or prices and availability of certain commodities, among others.This paper analyses the evolution of wind technology from a market‐based perspective by identifying trends in the most relevant technological indicators at the same time as stressing the key differentiating aspects between regions/markets. Evolution and trends in indicators such as rated power, rotor diameter, hub height, specific power, wind class, drive train configuration and power control systems are presented and analysed, showing an intense and fast technological development, which is enabling wind energy to reduce costs and becoming increasingly more competitive with conventional fuel‐based generating technologies. © 2016 The Authors Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Patients Undergoing Resection of TNM Stage I Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of Tumour and Host Determinants of Outcome
Authors: Mansouri David , Powell Arfon G. , Park James H. , McMillan Donald C. , Horgan Paul G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundScreening for colorectal cancer improves cancer‐specific survival (CSS) through the detection of early‐stage disease; however, its impact on overall survival (OS) is unclear. The present study examined tumour and host determinants of outcome in TNM Stage I disease.MethodsAll patients with pathologically confirmed TNM Stage I disease across 4 hospitals in the North of Glasgow between 2000 and 2008 were included. The preoperative modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) was used as a marker of the host systemic inflammatory response (SIR).ResultsThere were 191 patients identified, 105 (55 %) were males, 91 (48 %) were over the age of 75 years and 7 (4 %) patients underwent an emergency operation. In those with a preoperative CRP result (n = 150), 35 (24 %) patients had evidence of an elevated mGPS. Median follow‐up of survivors was 116 months (minimum 72 months) during which 88 (46 %) patients died; 7 (8 %) had postoperative deaths, 15 (17 %) had cancer‐related deaths and 66 (75 %) had non‐cancer‐related deaths. 5‐year CSS was 95 % and OS was 76 %. On univariate analysis, advancing age (p < 0.001), emergency presentation (p = 0.008), and an elevated mGPS (p = 0.012) were associated with reduced OS. On multivariate analysis, only age (HR = 3.611, 95 % CI 2.049–6.365, p < 0.001) and the presence of an elevated mGPS (HR = 2.173, 95 % CI 1.204–3.921, p = 0.010) retained significance.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing resection for TNM Stage I colorectal cancer, an elevated mGPS was an objective independent marker of poorer OS. These patients may benefit from a targeted intervention.
Managing Soft Tissue Sarcomas in a Developing Health System
Authors: Boam Tristan , Hueschelrath Andreas , Tho Ly , da Costa Thomas Mendes , McMurrey Anne , Gollogly James 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe gold standard for treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) includes wide local excision and limb salvage surgery. There is currently a lack of reports on the effectiveness of these techniques in a resource‐poor setting with a lack of access to imaging and adjuvant therapies. This article reports the experience and outcome of patients presenting with STS to the Children’s Surgical Centre (CSC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of STS and the operations they received were retrospectively sourced from the CSC database. Follow‐up data were obtained through a telephone questionnaire and home visits.ResultsForty STS patients were identified. Definitive surgery was performed in 31 cases, the majority receiving initial local excision of the lesion (19/31), some went on to have secondary amputations (5/19), and the rest had primary amputation (12/31). Eight patients suffered perioperative complications: 6 had infections, 1 haemorrhage, and 1 patient suffered from prolonged pain. Follow‐up information was available for 25 patients, 8 of whom survived whilst 17 had died. Two of the deceased and 2 of the surviving patients had received adjuvant therapy. Seven survivors reported that they had resumed employment. Estimated average survival for STS in Cambodia was 25 months with a 58 % 1‐year survival rate in treated cases.ConclusionsDespite the loss to follow‐up, some STS patients in Cambodia have been successfully managed by the CSC. An evolving increase in survival will hopefully be seen as access to adjuvant therapies and imaging technology improves.
Put Yourself at the Helm: Charting New Territory, Correcting Course, and Weathering the Storm of Career Trajectories
Authors: Hippman Catriona , Davis Claire ,   on behalf of the Committee on Advanced Training for Certified Genetic Counselors
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhat bearing have you set you set your sights on? How do you navigate the ever‐changing swells and winds of our professional landscape? Are you feeling a nebulous desire for change, that your career is not going in the direction you were expecting, worry about lack of future opportunities, or even a deep dissatisfaction in your current position? You are not alone. The formation of the Committee on Advanced Training for Certified Genetic Counselors (CATCGC) was partly in response to such sentiments, expressed within a vibrant dialogue amongst members of the genetic counseling community. The CATCGC sought to understand how genetic counselors chart courses for their careers by conducting a Decision Points exercise during a pre‐conference symposium (PCS) at the 2014 NSGC Annual Education Conference. Participants were asked to identify a decision point at which they were most satisfied with their careers and one at which they were least satisfied and to describe the situation, their personal goals and intentions, any actions they took, and the outcomes. Qualitative analysis in the constructivist tradition was conducted on participants’ responses and facilitators’ notes from the PCS to explore what personal meanings were made of the decision points; twelve themes related to Career High Points, Low Points, and how genetic counselors made career transitions were identified. Using a constructivist framework, themes are presented in the context of the authors’ personal experiences, and the authors’ share their reflections on these data. We wrote this article to offer you a window into your peers’ experiences ‐ the good, the bad, and the ugly ‐ hoping to encourage and challenge you to reflect deeply, no matter where you are on your career journey.
Back to Basics: Counting Soft Surgical Goods
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRetained surgical items (RSIs) pose serious consequences for patients and are a significant threat to patient safety. Perioperative team members are morally and ethically responsible for the prevention of RSIs and should understand how to reduce the risk of occurrence. The prevention of RSIs does not rest in the hands of one individual. It is a multidisciplinary endeavor that aims to reduce the risk of RSIs, and team members should hold each other accountable. This Back to Basics article focuses on the process of counting soft surgical goods, which are the most common RSIs.
Perioperative Care of Prisoners: Providing Safe Care
Authors: Smith Francis Duval 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCorrectional nurses are trained to care for prisoners in a controlled security environment; however, when a convict is transferred to a noncorrectional health care facility, the nurses there are often unfamiliar with custody requirements or how to safely care for these patients. The care of prisoners outside of prison has not been adequately investigated, and a gap exists between research and nursing education and practice. Nurses rarely have to consider how providing care for a prisoner in custody affects their practice, the potential dissonance between routine nursing care and the requirements to maintain security, or that care of prisoners in unsecured clinical areas places the nurse and other personnel at risk for physical assault or prisoner escape. Educating perioperative nurses in the care of prisoners in a public hospital environment is important for the provision of safe care and prevention of physical and emotional repercussions to personnel.