bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Mental Health and Mental Health Care in Luxembourg: A High-Income Country
Authors: Luers Tara , Aggarwal Pankhuri , Raval Vaishali V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMental health care in high-income countries can have various rates of usage due to differences in accessibility, modality of psychotherapy, and potential stigma surrounding mental health (Alonso et al., 2004). This study aimed to explore perceptions of mental health and mental health care, stigma for mental illness, and perceived change in mental health due to COVID − 19 pandemic in a high-income country with relatively easy access to basic mental health care. An anonymous survey was sent to individuals who are 18 years and older and resident of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe (N = 56). Participants were asked a series of open-ended and forced choice questions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for forced-choice questions and inductive content analysis was used to analyze the open-ended responses. Participants defined mental health in a variety of different ways, and a majority reported receiving mental health services. There was no significant difference in participants’ ratings of mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals were relatively easy to find and were considered somewhat helpful, though participants also reported some stigma towards mental illness. Benefits and challenges of in-person and virtual therapy showed points of crossover and potential for further research. The current findings inform the broader literature on mental healthcare with implications for improving care in high-income countries.
Porous biochar supported PET plastic waste MOF heterostructure as a novel, efficient and recyclable catalyst for acetaminophen degradation
Authors: Vigneshwaran Sivakumar , Kim Do-Gun , Ko Seok-Oh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, the innovative hybrid photocatalyst PET-based Zn-MOF on orange peel biochar (BC)(PZM/BC) was designed and synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Electrochemical methods have been used to demonstrate the action of the PET-MOF in the PZM/BC photocatalyst as a medium for electron transfer. The latter involved the synthesis of a zinc-containing metal–organic framework (MOF) in which the linkers were derived from the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) originating from plastic wastes. According to research, the catalytic reactions are sped up when porous BC and linker PET are assimilated into PZM/BC photocatalyst hetero-junction. Furthermore, BC stored electrons under light and released these electrons under dark conditions. When BC was combined with PET-MOF, the electrons on the biochar activated the catalytic redox activity of acetaminophen. Additionally, it lowers the reassimilation rate due to the combined meshed nanostructures and functionality of PET-MOF and PZM/BC. UV–Vis DRS, Mott-Schottky, Photoluminescence(PL), and Electrochemical Impedance spectra(EIS) results showed that the PZM/BC exhibited efficient spatial separation and transportation of photogenerated charge carriers and exhibited superior photocatalytic ability. Electron spin resonance(ESR) analysis confirmed that ⋅OH and h+ were the predominant radical species responsible for the degradation of acetaminophen(ACT). The optimum conditions for ACT removal were observed at pH 6.07, with a PZM/BC dosage of 0.1 g L−1, and an initial ACT concentration of 50 mg L−1, highlighting the pivotal role of the PZM/BC system in ACT degradation. Furthermore, potential photocatalytic degradation pathways of ACT were inferred renders on the identified intermediates which are responsible for the degradation of refractory intermediates. Regeneration trials were carried out to assess the stability of the photocatalyst. Additionally, the degraded intermediates generated during the degradation processes were examined, providing a comprehensive elucidation of the degradation mechanism.
Graphical Abstract
Unlocking epigenetic breeding potential in tomato and potato
Authors: Zhang Pingxian , He Yuehui , Huang Sanwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), two integral crops within the nightshade family, are crucial sources of nutrients and serve as staple foods worldwide. Molecular genetic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of their domestication, evolution, and the establishment of key agronomic traits. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic modifications act as “molecular switches”, crucially regulating phenotypic variations essential for traits such as fruit ripening in tomatoes and tuberization in potatoes. This review summarizes the latest findings on the regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in these crops and discusses the integration of biotechnology and epigenomics to enhance breeding strategies. By highlighting the role of epigenetic control in augmenting crop yield and adaptation, we underscores its potential to address the challenges posed by a growing global population as well as changing climate.
Interaction of lump, periodic, bright and kink soliton solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation using Hirota-bilinear approach
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Liu Xinge , Al-Yaari Abdullah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the characteristics of lump and interaction solutions for a (1+1) dimensional Boussinesq equation. By employing the Hirota bilinear method, we derive and analyze the exact solutions of this equation. Specifically, we achieve the lump with bright-bright soliton solution, 1-lump,2-lumps and 3-lumps with single bright soliton solution, lump with periodic, kink, and anti-kink soliton solutions. Alongside deriving these solutions, we also illustrate their dynamic properties through graphical simulations. The Boussinesq equation holds significant importance due to its applications in various domains, such as water wave modeling, coastal engineering, and the numerical simulation of water wave dynamics in harbors and shallow seas. Our research shows that the employed method is straightforward, easy to understand, and highly efficient, providing valuable insights into the equation’s nature and its practical applications.
AI-assisted prescreening of biomedical research proposals: ethical considerations and the pilot case of “la Caixa” Foundation
Authors: Carbonell Cortés Carla , Parra-Rojas César , Pérez-Lozano Albert , Arcara Francesca , Vargas-Sánchez Sarasuadi , Fernández-Montenegro Raquel , Casado-Marín David , Rondelli Bernardo , López-Verdeguer Ignasi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The “la Caixa” Foundation has been experimenting with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making geared toward alleviating the administrative burden associated with the evaluation pipeline of its flagship funding program, piloting an algorithm to detect immature project proposals before they reach the peer review stage, and suggest their removal from the selection process to a human overseer. In this article, we explore existing uses of AI by publishers and research funding organizations to automate their selection pipelines, in addition to analyzing the conditions under which the focal case corresponds to a responsible use of AI and the extent to which these conditions are met by the current implementation, highlighting challenges and areas of improvement.
Assessing effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection of equipment and environmental surfaces in cystic fibrosis clinics using an ATP assay
Authors: Muhlebach Marianne S. , Shields Thomas , Shah Kushal K. , Ansar Maria , Virella-Lowell Isabel , Zhou Juyan J. , LiPuma John J. , Saiman Lisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Infection control guidelines for cystic fibrosis (CF) stress cleaning of environmental surfaces and patientcare equipment in CF clinics. This multicenter study measured cleanliness of frequently touched surfaces in CF clinics using an ATP bioluminescence assay to assess the effectiveness of cleaning/disinfection and the impact of feedback.Methods:Eight surfaces were tested across 19 clinics (10 pediatric, 9 adult) over 5 rounds of testing. Rounds 1 and 2 served as uncleaned baseline, and Round 3 occurring after routine cleaning. Rounds 4 and 5 were performed after feedback provided to staff and measured after cleaning. Pass rates defined as <250 relative light units were the primary outcome.Results:Of the 750 tests performed, 72% of surfaces passed at baseline, and 79%, 83%, and 85% of surfaces passed in Rounds 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The overall pass-rate was significantly higher in adult compared to pediatric clinics (86% vs 71%; P < 0.001). In pediatric clinics, blood pressure equipment and computer keyboards in the pulmonary function lab consistently passed, but the exam room patient/visitor chairs consistently failed in all rounds. In adult clinics blood pressure equipment, keyboards in exam rooms and exam tables passed in all rounds and no surface consistently failed.Conclusion:We demonstrate the feasibility of an ATP bioluminescence assay to measure cleanliness of patient care equipment and surfaces in CF clinics. Pass rates improved after cleaning and feedback for certain surfaces. We found that surfaces are more challenging to keep clean in clinics taking care of younger patients.
The impact of statewide educational webinars on infection prevention and control knowledge and policy updates in acute and long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Nebraska experience
Authors: Brailita Daniel M. , Soma Mounica , Martinez Rebecca , Tyner Laura , McConville Josette , Plasencia Juan Teran , Donahue Matthew , Ashraf Muhammad Salman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA Nebraska statewide webinar series was initiated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for long-term care (LTC) and acute care/outpatient (AC) facilities. An impact survey was completed by 48 of 96 AC and 109 of 429 LTC facilities. The majority reported increased regulatory awareness (AC: 65%, LTC: 54%) and updated COVID-19 (AC: 61%, LTC: 69%) and general infection prevention (AC: 61%, LTC: 60%) policies.
Making sense of chromosome polymorphisms in two leptysmine grasshoppers
Authors: Colombo Pablo C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe touchstone of the ‘New Synthesis’ was population cytogenetics –rather than genetics – due to the abundant polymorphic inversions in the genus Drosophila. Grasshoppers were not a material of choice because of their conservative karyotypes. However, nowadays seven species of Acrididae were described for polymorphic centric fusions, five of them in South-America. Leptysma argentina and the likely biocontrol of water-hyacinth Cornops aquaticum are semiaquatic Leptysminae (Acrididae: Orthoptera), polymorphic for centric fusions, supernumerary segments and a B-chromosome. We sought to demonstrate the operation of natural selection on them, by detecting: (I) latitudinal clines; (II) regression on environmental variables; (III) deviation from null models, such as linkage equilibrium; (IV) seasonal variation; (V) comparison between age classes and (VI) selection component analyses. All of them were confirmed in L. argentina, just (I) and (II) in C. aquaticum. Furthermore, the relationship between karyotype, phenotype and recombination was confirmed in both species. Karyotype–phenotype relationship may be due to the body enlargement the fusions are associated with, along with a latitudinal transition in voltinism. Karyotype-related recombination reduction in both species may help explain all fusion clines, although there is probably more than one factor at work. No effects were noticed for a supernumerary segment in L. argentina, but it is ubiquitous and certainly non-neutral. C. aquaticum is poised for introduction in South-Africa as a biocontrol of water-hyacinths; the recent discovery of four more segment polymorphisms may imply more chromosomal markers to make sense of its genetic system.
Association of STAT1 gene with milk fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle maintained in the sub-tropical climate of India
Authors: Sharma Anika , Kaur Simarjeet , Arora Jaspreet Singh , Kashyap Neeraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSignal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) genes are involved in signal mediation of various hormones and cytokines. STAT1 located on chromosome number 2 is involved in mammary gland development and is associated with milk composition traits in bovines. This study aimed to find any relationship and impact of STAT1/BspHI gene with milk fat and protein yields in a herd of Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred cattle of sub-tropical climate of Northern India. Milk composition data of 535 adult HF crossbred cows for a period of 12 years was collected from the records maintained at Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. First lactation data of 222 animals was chosen for further analysis. After data correction for non-genetic factors (season of calving, period of calving, interaction effect of season and period of calving and age at first calving) these animals were categorised into two groups based on corrected high and low milk fat and protein yields. Forty animals were then selected for blood collection and further laboratory analysis. Amplified using PCR-RFLP technique, the 314 bp STAT1 gene was digested using BspHI restriction enzyme. C-T polymorphism at nucleotide position 201 and 260 of the STAT1 amplicon was observed. At 201, for genotype AA and Aa, the genotypic frequencies were 0.80 and 0.20%. At 260, for genotype BB and Bb, the genotypic frequencies were 0.25 and 0.75%. Least square analysis showed a significant association of all genotypes with milk fat and protein yields. Hence, STAT1 can be used as a potential candidate gene to aid in better animal selection in breeding programmes.
Increased intra-individual variability among individuals with ADHD: first evidence from numerosity judgment and verbal and quantitative reasoning
Authors: Barneron Meir , Saka Noa , Shlepack Shaul , Khattab Aseel , Pollak Yehuda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents the results of two studies investigating increased intra-individual variability (IIV) in the performance of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in two cognitive domains: numerosity judgments and quantitative and verbal reasoning.MethodsStudy 1, a pre-registered experiment, involved approximately 200 participants (42.66% female; mean age: 36.86; standard deviation of age: 10.70) making numerical judgments at two time-points. ADHD-symptom severity was assessed on a continuous scale. In Study 2, we collected the data of approximately 3000 examinees who had taken a high-stakes admissions test for higher education (assessing quantitative and verbal reasoning). The sample comprised only people formally diagnosed with ADHD. The control group consisted of approximately 200 000 examinees, none of whom presented with ADHD.ResultsThe results of Study 1 revealed a positive correlation between IIV (distance between judgments at the two time-points) and ADHD symptom severity. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that IIV (distance between the scores on two test chapters assessing the same type of reasoning) was greater among examinees diagnosed with ADHD. In both studies, the findings persisted even after controlling for performance level.ConclusionsThe results indicate that individuals with ADHD, v. those without, exhibit less consistent numerosity judgments and greater fluctuation in performance on verbal and quantitative reasoning. The measurement of the same psychological constructs appears to be less precise among individuals with ADHD compared to those without. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of our results for two fields: judgment and decision-making, and assessment.
Apples, tomatoes, and health: comparison of structural characteristics of the L1 and L2 mental lexicons
Authors: Agustín-Llach María Pilar , Palapanidi Kiriakí 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study delves into the structure and lexical organization of L1 and L2 mental lexicons. Indirect access to the mental lexicon is provided by semantic fluency tasks, which inform researchers about how the words are organized in the mental lexicon and retrieved when necessary. Here, two groups of participants were asked to retrieve as many words of the categoryfruits and vegetablesas possible in two minutes. The first group is made up of native speakers of Spanish who responded in Spanish L1, whereas the second group is made up of native speakers of Greek who are learning Spanish foreign language (SFL) who responded first in Spanish FL and later in Greek L1. The three sets of responses were scrutinized and compared for similarities and differences. Results point to a retrieval mechanism based on L1-mediated access for SFL learners and slightly different structures of the mental lexicon. Even in very advanced learners, lexical organization and word retrieval in the FL resembles L1 organization.
Large Ensemble Exploration of Global Energy Transitions Under National Emissions Pledges
Authors: Wessel Jacob , Iyer Gokul , Wild Thomas , Ou Yang , McJeon Haewon , Lamontagne Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal climate goals require a transition to a deeply decarbonized energy system. Meeting the objectives of the Paris Agreement through countries' nationally determined contributions and long‐term strategies represents a complex problem with consequences across multiple systems shrouded by deep uncertainty. Robust, large‐ensemble methods and analyses mapping a wide range of possible future states of the world are needed to help policymakers design effective strategies to meet emissions reduction goals. This study contributes a scenario discovery analysis applied to a large ensemble of 5,760 model realizations generated using the Global Change Analysis Model. Eleven energy‐related uncertainties are systematically varied, representing national mitigation pledges, institutional factors, and techno‐economic parameters, among others. The resulting ensemble maps how uncertainties impact common energy system metrics used to characterize national and global pathways toward deep decarbonization. Results show globally consistent but regionally variable energy transitions as measured by multiple metrics, including electricity costs and stranded assets. Larger economies and developing regions experience more severe economic outcomes across a broad sampling of uncertainty. The scale of CO2 removal globally determines how much the energy system can continue to emit, but the relative role of different CO2 removal options in meeting decarbonization goals varies across regions. Previous studies characterizing uncertainty have typically focused on a few scenarios, and other large‐ensemble work has not (to our knowledge) combined this framework with national emissions pledges or institutional factors. Our results underscore the value of large‐ensemble scenario discovery for decision support as countries begin to design strategies to meet their goals.
Multiday Soil Moisture Persistence and Atmospheric Predictability Resulting From Sahelian Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Taylor C. M. , Klein C. , Harris B. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSkill in predicting where damaging convective storms will occur is limited, particularly in the tropics. In principle, near‐surface soil moisture (SM) patterns from previous storms provide an important source of skill at the mesoscale, yet these structures are often short‐lived (hours to days), due to both soil drying processes and the impact of new storms. Here, we use satellite observations over the Sahel to examine how the strong, locally negative, SM‐precipitation feedback there impacts rainfall patterns over subsequent days. The memory of an initial storm pattern decays rapidly over the first 3–4 days, but a weak signature is still detected in surface observations 10–20 days later. The wet soil suppresses rainfall over the storm track for the first 2–8 days, depending on aridity regime. Whilst the negative SM feedback initially enhances mesoscale rainfall predictability, the transient nature of SM likely limits forecast skill on sub‐seasonal time scales.
Multifractal Analysis for Evaluating the Representation of Clouds in Global Kilometer‐Scale Models
Authors: Freischem Lilli J. , Weiss Philipp , Christensen Hannah M. , Stier Philip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClouds are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate predictions. Global km‐scale models need to simulate clouds and precipitation accurately to predict future climates. To isolate issues in their representation of clouds, models need to be thoroughly evaluated with observations. Here, we introduce multifractal analysis as a method for evaluating km‐scale simulations. We apply it to outgoing longwave radiation fields to investigate structural differences between observed and simulated anvil clouds. We compute fractal parameters which compactly characterize the scaling behavior of clouds and can be compared across simulations and observations. We use this method to evaluate the nextGEMS ICON simulations via comparison with observations from the geostationary satellite GOES‐16. We find that multifractal scaling exponents in the ICON model are significantly lower than in observations. We conclude that too much variability is contained in the small scales leading to less organized convection and smaller, isolated anvils.
Impacts of the Thermocline Feedback Uncertainty on El Niño Simulations in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Li Tiaoye , Tao Lingjiang , Zhang Rong‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a key dynamic element of the Bjerknes feedback mechanism, the thermocline effect (TE) is critically important to El Niño modeling. In this study, the potential influence of TE‐related parametric uncertainties on El Niño is investigated using the conditional nonlinear optimal parametric perturbation (CNOP) method based on an intermediate coupled model (ICM). The optimal perturbation of the TE‐related parameter (OTEP), which substantially affects El Niño simulations, is estimated through the CNOP approach. Results reveal that the El Niño simulation is highly sensitive to the TE uncertainty in the eastern equatorial Pacific, with OTEP‐induced simulation errors demonstrating an El Niño‐like growth trend. On one hand, as indicated by the simulated El Niño intensity, the uncertainty in the TE in the eastern region can easily affect the strength of the Bjerknes feedback‐related thermocline effect and atmospheric circulation. On the other hand, the enhanced TE is highly favored to accelerate the growth of the SST error due to the air–sea interaction, thus severely affecting the El Niño simulations. Therefore, adequately representing the TE in the equatorial eastern Pacific is emphasized for effectively improving El Niño simulations.