bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time variability in the annual cycle of sea ice thickness in the Transpolar Drift
Authors: Hansen E. , Gerland S. , Høyland K. V. , Pavlova O. , Spreen G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe annual cycle of modal and mean sea ice thickness was derived from upward looking sonar ice thickness observations (1990–2011) in Fram Strait. The average annual peak‐to‐trough amplitude of the mode of 0.54 m is superimposed on interannual variability with peak‐to‐trough amplitudes of 0.73 m on time scales of 6–8 years, which again is superimposed on a long‐term trend of −0.55 m/decade over the observation period. The long‐term trend is stronger for April than for August, the average months of maximum and minimum modal thickness. As a result, the annual peak‐to‐trough modal thickness amplitude was reduced by 30% between the 1990s and the 2000s. The average annual peak‐to‐trough amplitude of the mean ice thickness of 1.20 m is also superimposed on interannual variability, with as much as 0.97 m thickness change over only 3 years. These two modes of variability are superimposed on a long‐term trend of −0.35 m/decade through the entire data set. In contrast to the modal thickness, the long‐term trend is weaker for the average month of maximum mean thickness (June), than for the average month of minimum (September). Therefore, the annual peak‐to‐trough amplitude of the mean ice thickness increased by 14% between the 1990s and the 2000s.
Long‐term variations in global sea level extremes
Authors: Marcos Marta , Calafat Francisco M. , Berihuete Ángel , Dangendorf Sönke 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDecadal to multidecadal variations in sea level extremes unrelated to mean sea level changes have been investigated using long tide gauge records distributed worldwide. A state space approach has been applied that provides robust solutions and uncertainties of the time evolving characteristics of extremes, allowing for data gaps and uneven sampling, both common features of historical sea level time series. Two different models have been formulated for the intensity and for the occurrence of extreme sea level events and have been applied independently to each tide gauge record. Our results reveal two key findings: first, the intensity and the frequency of occurrence of extreme sea levels unrelated to mean sea level vary coherently on decadal scales in most of the sites examined (63 out of 77) and, second, extreme sea level changes are regionally consistent, thus pointing toward a common large‐scale forcing. This variability of extremes associated with climate drivers should be considered in the framework of climate change studies.
The nonlinear relationship between summer precipitation in China and the sea surface temperature in preceding seasons: A statistical demonstration
Authors: Lu Er , Chen Hongxing , Tu Juqing , Song Jinbo , Zou Xukai , Zhou Bing , Li Hui , Cai Wenyue , Chen Yun , Chen Xianyan , Zhang Qiang , Chen Haishan , Jiang Zhihong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPrevious studies show that the seasonal precipitation over land may have strong nonlinear relationships with the concurrent sea surface temperature (SST). In this study, we demonstrate that summer precipitation also has a strong nonlinear relationship with preceding SSTs, which are more robust than the linear relationships. A strategy is employed to demonstrate the robustness of the nonlinear relation. With the 60 year observed precipitation and SST, we use data of 50 years to fit the linear and nonlinear rainfall‐preceding SST relations. The SSTs used include all the samples that are from each of the global ocean grids over each of the preceding time periods considered. The fitted relations are then used to predict the rainfall of the remaining 10 years with the SST data. From all the predictions that use a large number of SST samples, we choose the ocean grid cell and the season that give the minimum prediction error. Results indicate that for an individual station, it may well be that the linear relation is better than the nonlinear relation. However, overall, the nonlinear method is better than the linear method as assessed from all stations in the country. This statistical analysis demonstrates that, when treated nonlinearly, the rainfall‐preceding SST relationship can be much strengthened.
Independent component analysis of local‐scale temporal variability in sediment‐water interface temperature
Authors: Middleton M. A. , Whitfield P. H. , Allen D. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTemperature recorded at the sediment‐water interface has been identified as a valuable tracer for understanding groundwater‐surface water interactions. However, factors contributing to the variability in temperatures can be difficult to distinguish. In this study, the temporal variability in daily temperatures at the sediment‐water interface is evaluated for a 40 m reach of a coastal stream using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA separation is used to identify three independent temperature components within the reach for each of four summer periods (2008–2011). Extracted temperature signals correlate with stream discharge, estimated streambed temperature, and groundwater level, but the strength of the correlations varies from summer to summer. Overall, variations in the temperature signals have clearer separation in summers with lower stream discharge and greater stream temperature ranges. Surface heating from solar radiation is the dominant factor influencing the sediment‐water interface temperature in most years, but there is evidence that thermal exchanges are taking place other than at the air‐water interface. These exchanges take place at the sediment‐water interface, and the correlation with groundwater levels indicates that these heat exchanges are associated with groundwater inflow. This study demonstrates that ICA can be used effectively to aid in identifying component signals in environmental applications of small spatial scale.
Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐5‐iodobenzo[e]pyrido[1,2‐a]indoles by 6‐endo‐dig Iodocyclization
Authors: Jung Youngeun , Kim Ikyon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRegioselective access to 6‐aryl‐5‐iodobenzo[e]pyrido[1,2‐a]indoles was realized by using a facile 6‐endo‐dig iodine‐mediated cyclization under mild reaction conditions. Further functionalization of the resulting products by using Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions was demonstrated, leading to the tetracyclic core substituted with two distinct functional groups in a regioselective fashion.
Extra dimensions and phase experiments
Authors: Wesson Paul S. 
Published: November 2015

In modern Kaluza‐Klein theories which successfully unify gravity, electromagnetism and a scalar field, null geodesics in five dimensions lead to simplified expressions for phase shifts in four‐dimensional spacetime. It might be possible to test for an extra dimension by experiments such as those where neutron interferometry is used to measure the Aharonov‐Bohm effect.
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Synthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids by Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Ring Rearrangement–Aromatization
Authors: Dhara Kalyan , Mandal Tirtha , Das Joydeb , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAprocess for the assembly of carbazole alkaloids has been developed on the basis of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) and ringrearrangement–aromatization (RRA) as the key steps. This method is based on allyl Grignard addition to isatin derivatives to provide smooth access to 2,2‐diallyl 3‐oxindole derivatives through a 1,2‐allyl shift. The diallyl derivatives were used as RCM precursors to afford a novel class of spirocyclopentene‐3‐oxindole derivatives, which underwent a novel RRA reaction to afford carbazole derivatives. The synthetic sequence to carbazoles was shortened by combining the RCM and RRA steps in an orthogonal tandem catalytic process. The utility of this methodology was further demonstrated by the straightforward synthesis of carbazole alkaloids, including amukonal derivative, girinimbilol, heptaphylline, and bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylcarbazole).
Synthesis of a Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Monolayer through Dynamic Imine Chemistry at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Dai Wenyang , Shao Feng , Szczerbiński Jacek , McCaffrey Ryan , Zenobi Renato , Jin Yinghua , Schlüter A. Dieter , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA two‐dimensional covalent organic monolayer was synthesized from simple aromatic triamine and dialdehyde building blocks by dynamic imine chemistry at the air/water interface (Langmuir–Blodgett method). The obtained monolayer was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, which unambiguously confirmed the formation of a large (millimeter range), unimolecularly thin aromatic polyimine sheet. The imine‐linked chemical structure of the obtained monolayer was characterized by tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and the peak assignment was supported by spectra simulated by density functional theory. Given the modular nature and broad substrate scope of imine formation, the work reported herein opens up many new possibilities for the synthesis of customizable 2D polymers and systematic studies of their structure–property relationships.
Single‐Crystalline Ultrathin Nickel Nanosheets Array from In Situ Topotactic Reduction for Active and Stable Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kuang Yun , Feng Guang , Li Pengsong , Bi Yongmin , Li Yaping , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSimultaneously synthesizing and structuring atomically thick or ultrathin 2D non‐precious metal nanocrystal may offer a new class of materials to replace the state‐of‐art noble‐metal electrocatalysts; however, the synthetic strategy is the bottleneck which should be urgently solved. Here we report the synthesis of an ultrathin nickel nanosheet array (Ni‐NSA) through in situ topotactic reduction from Ni(OH)2 array precursors. The Ni nanosheets showed a single‐crystalline lamellar structure with only ten atomic layers in thickness and an exposed (111) facet. Combined with a superaerophobic (low bubble adhesive) arrayed structure the Ni‐NSAs exhibited a dramatic enhancement on both activity and stability towards the hydrazine‐oxidation reaction (HzOR) relative to platinum. Furthermore, the partial oxidization of Ni‐NSAs in ambient atmosphere resulted in effective water‐splitting electrocatalysts for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER).
Heat content of the Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool is increasing
Authors: Nagamani P. V. , Ali M. M. , Goni G. J. , Udaya Bhaskar T. V. S. , McCreary J. P. , Weller R. A. , Rajeevan M. , Gopala Krishna V. V. , Pezzullo J. C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool has been suggested to be one of the factors that affects the Indian summer monsoon. In this paper, we analyze the annual ocean heat content (OHC) of this region during 1993–2010, using in situ data, satellite observations, and a model simulation. We find that OHC increases significantly in the region during this period relative to the north Indian Ocean, and propose that this increase could have caused the decrease in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall that occurred at the same time.
Satellite‐based shortwave aerosol radiative forcing of dust storm over the Arabian Sea
Authors: Jose Subin , Gharai Biswadip , Rao P. V. N. , Dutt C. B. S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDust storm events over the Arabian Sea (AS) have been detected using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Shortwave Aerosol Radiative Forcing (SWARF) due to dust storm is estimated using synchronous observation of Clouds and Earth's Energy System (CERES) and MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD). Study established a relationship between them as SWARF = −39.12 × AOD − 16.53 (0.4 ≤  AOD ≤ 4.0) with r2 = 0.96. The developed relation can be used for quick, independent estimation of instantaneous SWARF for dust storm over the AS. The relationship can be used to explore the possible effect of dust on climate modulation in this region.
Identification of putative substrates for cynomolgus monkey cytochrome P450 2C8 by substrate depletion assays with 22 human P450 substrates and inhibitors
Authors: Hosaka Shinya , Murayama Norie , Satsukawa Masahiro , Uehara Shotaro , Shimizu Makiko , Iwasaki Kazuhide , Iwano Shunsuke , Uno Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCynomolgus monkeys are widely used in drug developmental stages as non‐human primate models. Previous studies used 89 compounds to investigate species differences associated with cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) function that reported monkey specific CYP2C76 cleared 19 chemicals, and homologous CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 metabolized 17 and 30 human CYP2C9 and/or CYP2C19 substrates/inhibitors, respectively. In the present study, 22 compounds selected from viewpoints of global drug interaction guidances and guidelines were further evaluated to seek potential substrates for monkey CYP2C8, which is highly homologous to human CYP2C8 (92%). Amodiaquine, montelukast, quercetin and rosiglitazone, known as substrates or competitive inhibitors of human CYP2C8, were metabolically depleted by recombinant monkey CYP2C8 at relatively high rates. Taken together with our reported findings of the slow eliminations of amodiaquine and montelukast by monkey CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2C76, the present results suggest that these at least four chemicals may be good marker substrates for monkey CYP2C8. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New directions for protease inhibitors directed drug discovery
Authors: Hamada Yoshio , Kiso Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTProteases play crucial roles in various biological processes, and their activities are essential for all living organisms—from viruses to humans. Since their functions are closely associated with many pathogenic mechanisms, their inhibitors or activators are important molecular targets for developing treatments for various diseases. Here, we describe drugs/drug candidates that target proteases, such as malarial plasmepsins, β‐secretase, virus proteases, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4. Previously, we reported inhibitors of aspartic proteases, such as renin, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease, human T‐lymphotropic virus type I protease, plasmepsins, and β‐secretase, as drug candidates for hypertension, adult T‐cell leukaemia, human T‐lymphotropic virus type I‐associated myelopathy, malaria, and Alzheimer's disease. Our inhibitors are also described in this review article as examples of drugs that target proteases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 563–579, 2016.
Echocardiographic determinants of LV functional improvement after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Chen Jinling , Nawaz Nasir , Fox Zachary , Komlo Caroline , Anwaruddin Saif , Desai Nimesh , Jagasia Dinesh , Herrmann Howard C. , Han Yuchi 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an established therapy in high‐risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. Among patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), it is unclear which patients will derive maximal benefit from TAVR.MethodsClinical and echocardiographic data of patients with severe aortic stenosis and low LVEF (≤50%) who underwent TAVR at a single institution during 2009–2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups post‐TAVR based on improved LV function (Group A = ΔLVEF ≥ 10%) versus persistent LV dysfunction (Group B = ΔLVEF<10%). Echocardiographic parameters were assessed for their association with LVEF change post‐TAVR. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to generate survival estimates.ResultsOf 382 patients who underwent TAVR, 60 patients had low LVEF, LV function failed to improve ≥10% in 50% of patients following the procedure (Group B). At baseline echocardiograms, Group B had higher LVEF, stroke volume (SV), SV index; and lower E, E/E′, and estimated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) compared to Group A. Higher mortality was found in Group B compared to the Group A (p = 0.003) with a significantly shorter survival (Group A = 3.3 ± 0.1 years vs Group B = 2.7 ± 0.2 years, p = 0.003). One‐year event free survival was 53.3% in Group B compared to 93.3% in Group A, with a stable trend over ensuing years (5‐year survival; 53.3% versus 90.0%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing TAVR with depressed LV function, those who failed to improve were more likely to have relatively higher LVEF, SV, and SVI; and lower E, E/E′, and PASP at baseline. Mortality rates were found to be higher in persistent LV dysfunction group. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AVERTing contrast nephropathy—delivering less to get more?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Delivered contrast volume is the major modifiable risk factor for contrast nephropathy.
The AVERT system can divert 31–40% of contrast for peripheral angiography.
The upcoming results of the AVERT clinical trial will demonstrate whether the AVERT system reduces contrast nephropathy.
Contrast does not lie, but can we see the true?
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: November 2015

Key Points

The ability to estimate true length in the coronary artery by simple visual inspection appears to be as inaccurate as estimates of coronary stenosis.
Recognizing this physician‐related factor may play a roll in correct choice of stent length and thereby effect procedural outcome is the first step in improving results.
Further work is needed on how adjunctive equipment with reference markers such as wires or balloons may improve on the estimate of length is needed.
One step forward or eight needles back: A retro(grade) approach to femoral hemostasis for TAVR
Authors: Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: November 2015

Key points

Percutaneous approach rather than surgical cutdown is the procedure of choice for TAVR patients to minimize morbidity and procedure time.
ProGlide has been shown to have noninferior outcomes versus surgical cutdown with shorter procedure time and less pain; noninferiority was not demonstrated by single Prostar XL in a randomized trial of “preclosure” for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. The current study did not include a ProGlide arm.
As the size of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement devices continues to decrease, the need for large bulky 4‐needle devices like the Prostar XL is likely to become obsolete.
Isodicentric Philadelphia chromosome: an uncommon chromosomal abnormality in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Authors: Loo Eric , Bansal Pranshu , Cherukuri Durga , Arana Yi Cecilia 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageAn isodicentric Philadelphia chromosome is an uncommon finding previously described as a secondary chromosomal abnormality in accelerated‐ or blast‐phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with resistance to imatinib mesylate or dasatinib. Here, we present a case with idic(Ph) chromosome identified at initial diagnosis in a patient with chronic‐phase CML.
Thigh compartment syndrome complicated by sciatic nerve palsy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure
Authors: Alobaidi Ahmad , Backdash Mohamad Munir , El‐Menyar Ayman 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe reported a rare case of thigh compartment syndrome (TCS) complicated by sciatic nerve palsy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure in an alcoholic patient. Intensive care measures and immediate posteromedial decompressive fasciotomy were performed. These timely interventions resulted in improvement of the nerve injury and restoration of the kidney function.
Vacuolated lymphocytes signifying a metabolic disorder in an infant with developmental delay
Authors: Salama Rasha , Zhou Jiehao 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageMetabolic disorders sometimes cause accumulation of metabolic byproducts which are manifested as cytoplasmic vacuoles in lymphocytes. We report the case of an infant with final diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis who initially presented with developmental delay and peripheral blood vacuolated lymphocytes. Blood film review is recommended in children suspicious for metabolic disorders.
Carbon Dioxide/Epoxide Reactions Catalyzed by Bimetallic Salalen Aluminum Complexes
Authors: Cozzolino Mariachiara , Press Konstantin , Mazzeo Mina , Lamberti Marina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFour new bimetallic aluminum complexes that bear salalen ligands were synthesized and characterized. They were employed as catalysts in the reaction of CO2 with both cyclohexene oxide and propylene oxide with tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as the cocatalyst. The effect of the reaction conditions on the productivity and selectivity of the catalytic system was evaluated. Under the optimized reaction conditions, cis‐cyclohexene carbonate and propylene carbonate were obtained as exclusive products, respectively. Interestingly, in the production of cis‐cyclohexene carbonate, turnover frequencies comparable to those of the most active systems described in the literature were obtained. Moreover the catalytic system was active even if it was operated at a low CO2 pressure (0.2 MPa) and with a low catalyst loading (0.04 mol %).
Alkylaminophosphazenes as Efficient and Tuneable Phase‐Transfer Agents for Polyoxometalate‐Catalysed Biphasic Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Craven Michael , Yahya Rana , Kozhevnikova Elena F. , Robertson Craig M. , Steiner Alexander , Kozhevnikov Ivan V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlkylaminophosphazenes (RPN) are efficient and tuneable phase‐transfer agents for environmentally benign biphasic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalysed by polyoxometalates (POMs). Substituent groups on the phosphazene ring can be varied to modify the phase‐transfer efficiency of RPN for use in water–organic two‐phase systems. Active phosphazene–polyoxometalate aggregates that self‐assemble in situ from RPN and Keggin POMs, such as PMo12O403−and PW12O403−, were found to be efficient and recyclable catalysts for the oxidation of benzothiophenes and the epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide. Lipophilic phosphazene cations present in these aggregates render the POM soluble in organic media. Catalyst activity in the biphasic oxidation with H2O2varies with the RPN substituent alkylamino groups with respect to the solvent system used. The activity decreases in the series of POMs: PMo12O403−>PW12O403−≫SiW12O404−irrespective of the solvent system used.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Transformation Between Two Cubic Phases of (NH4)3SnF7.
Authors: Flerov I. N. , Molokeev M. S. , Laptash N. M. , Udovenko A. A. , Pogoreltsev E. I. , Mel'nikova S. V. , Misyul S. V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of (NH4)3SnF7 are obtained from aqueous solutions of (NH4)2SnF6 and excess NH4F during solvent evaporation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca4Au10Zn3 — A Substitution Variant of AlB2 by Incorporation of Zn3 Triangles.
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are selected from high‐frequency melts of the elements in stoichiometric ratio with a 5 at.% Zn excess (sealed Ta ampoules, 925 K, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Electronic Properties of Ba8Si2US14 and Ba8SiFeUS14.
Authors: Mesbah Adel , Prakash Jai , Lebegue Sebastien , Stojko Wojciech , Ibers James A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBlack single crystals of the new title compounds are prepared using U, Rb2S3, BaS, and S as starting materials (silica tubes, 1223 K, 96‐192 h, ≈5% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of a New Iron Arsenate Na2.77K1.52Fe2.57 (AsO4)4.
Authors: Ouerfelli Najoua , Ben Smida Youssef , Zid Mohamed Faouzi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of Na2.77K1.52Fe2.57 (AsO4)4 are prepared by solid state reaction of a 1:1:1:5 molar mixture of Na2CO3, K2CO3, Fe(NO3)3, and NH4H2AsO4 (Pt crucible, 1.