bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined inhibition of complement and CD14 improved outcome in porcine polymicrobial sepsis
Authors: Skjeflo Espen W. , Sagatun Caroline , Dybwik Knut , Aam Sturla , Urving Sven H. , Nunn Miles A. , Fure Hilde , Lau Corinna , Brekke Ole-Lars , Huber-Lang Markus , Espevik Terje , Barratt-Due Andreas , Nielsen Erik W. , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Sepsis is an exaggerated and dysfunctional immune response to infection. Activation of innate immunity recognition systems including complement and the Toll-like receptor family initiate this disproportionate inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of combined inhibition of the complement component C5 and the Toll-like receptor co-factor CD14 on survival, hemodynamic parameters and systemic inflammation including complement activation in a clinically relevant porcine model of polymicrobial sepsis.

Methods
Norwegian landrace piglets (4 ± 0.5 kg) were blindly randomized to a treatment group (n = 12) receiving the C5 inhibitor coversin (OmCI) and anti-CD14 or to a positive control group (n = 12) receiving saline. Under anesthesia, sepsis was induced by a 2 cm cecal incision and the piglets were monitored in standard intensive care for 8 hours. Three sham piglets had a laparotomy without cecal incision or treatment. Complement activation was measured as sC5b-9 using enzyme immunoassay. Cytokines were measured with multiplex technology.

Results
Combined C5 and CD14 inhibition significantly improved survival (p = 0.03). Nine piglets survived in the treatment group and four in the control group. The treatment group had significantly lower pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.04) and ratio of pulmonary artery pressure to systemic artery pressure (p < 0.001). Plasma sC5b-9 levels were significantly lower in the treatment group (p < 0.001) and correlated significantly with mortality (p = 0.006). IL-8 and IL-10 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the treatment group.

Conclusions
Combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 significantly improved survival, hemodynamic parameters and inflammation in a blinded, randomized trial of porcine polymicrobial sepsis.
Bioprocessing strategies for the large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells: a review
Authors: Panchalingam Krishna M. , Jung Sunghoon , Rosenberg Lawrence , Behie Leo A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called mesenchymal stromal cells, have been of great interest in regenerative medicine applications because of not only their differentiation potential but also their ability to secrete bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and promote tissue repair. This potential has initiated many early-phase clinical studies for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and injuries by using either hMSCs themselves or their secreted products. Currently, hMSCs for clinical use are generated through conventional static adherent cultures in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human-sourced supplements. However, these methods suffer from variable culture conditions (i.e., ill-defined medium components and heterogeneous culture environment) and thus are not ideal procedures to meet the expected future demand of quality-assured hMSCs for human therapeutic use. Optimizing a bioprocess to generate hMSCs or their secreted products (or both) promises to improve the efficacy as well as safety of this stem cell therapy. In this review, current media and methods for hMSC culture are outlined and bioprocess development strategies discussed.
Pedagogical Interaction in the Context of Individual Adjustive Behavior
Authors: Кондратьева  , Kondrateva Olga 
Published: November 2015

The article discusses the content and structure of pedagogical
interaction as the realization of unconscious and conscious
activity from the standpoint of the individual adjustive behavior.
The structure of the &#34;adjustment&#34; concept is discovered. Stages of
pedagogical interaction in the system of consistent accentuation of
psychological formations of the unconscious and conscious regions
of the mind are identified. Analysis of demands of a teacher’s individual
adjustive behavior is provided.
Cash-Flow News and the Investment Effect in the Cross Section of Stock Returns
Authors: Mao Mike Qinghao , Wei K. C. John 
Published: November 2015

This study provides novel evidence that cash-flow news quantitatively explains the investment effect in the cross section of stock returns. The negative return predictability of asset growth, investment growth, and accruals is evident only through the cash-flow news component of returns. The cash-flow news returns associated with investment-sorted portfolios exhibit a reversal from the preformation period to the postformation period. Such a return reversal is in line with reversals in firm fundamentals and becomes stronger for stocks with higher information uncertainty. Our findings are consistent with the expectational errors hypothesis and fail to support the risk-based explanation for the investment effect. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Consumer Engagement in Health IT: Distinguishing Rhetoric from Reality
Authors: Gold Marsha , Hossain Mynti , Mangum Amy 
Published: November 2015

Rationale. Policymakers want health information technology (health IT) to support
consumer engagement to help achieve national health goals. In this paper, we review the
evidence to compare the rhetoric with the reality of current practice .Current Reality
and Barriers, . Our environmental scan shows that consumer demand exists for electronic
access to personal health information, but that technical and system or political
barriers still limit the value of the available information and its potential
benefits.Conclusions and Policy Implications. There is a gap between current reality and
the goals for consumer engagement. Actions that may help bridge this gap include: (1)
resolving technical barriers to health information exchange (HIE); (2) developing more
consumer-centric design and functionality; (3) reinforcing incentives that attract
provider support by showing that consumer engagement is in their interest; and (4)
building a stronger empirical case to convince decision makers that consumer engagement
will lead to better care, improved health outcomes, and lower costs.
Simulation of Thin Film Thermocouple for High Temperature Measurement Applicable to Missiles
Authors: Sonker Manoj Kumar , Dewal M. L. 
Published: November 2015

<p>Thermocouples have been extensively used for the measurement of temperature since the advent of seebeck effect. Numerous sensors have been developed for temperature measurement, yet measurement of high temperature flowing fluid has been a challenging task. For the measurement of static temperature the measuring device should travel with the fluid at the same speed without disturbing the flow, which is quite unrealistic. So indirect determination of static temperature of flowing fluid is done by using thermocouple exposed into the flowing fluid. Other sensors available for high temperature measurement may lead to problems like resistance in the flow path of fluid which changes the structural dynamics. Thin film thermocouple (TFTC) based on W-W26Re for super high temperature measurement has been investigated which can be used in missiles for surface temperature measurement of nozzle and rocket interior surface. TFTC does not cause disruption in the flow path with maintaining structural integrity. The W-W26Re thermocouple offers advantage of higher seebeck coefficient at high temperature i.e. above 750 K, and usability in vacuum, inert and hydrogen atmosphere. Zirconia Fiber has been proposed as insulation protection material over thermocouple. Modelling and simulation of the TFTC for the temperature range 300 K - 2900 K has been presented. FEA model using PDE has been presented to implement heat equation, current balance quation, Gauss theorem and Neumann boundary condition. The expected voltage production on exposed temperature gradient has been studied.</p>
Influence of Temperature and Time Shifts on the Densification of Randomly Oriented Carbon/Carbon Composite
Authors: Raunija Thakur Sudesh Kumar 
Published: November 2015

<p>The efforts were made to improve the hot-pressing method of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite fabrication. The C/C composite was fabricated by hot-pressing the slurry moulded compact followed by carbonisation. The temperature and time shifts during hot-pressing were made in order to see their effect on the densification. Their effect was checked through visual inspection, density measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and mechanical properties evaluation. The results showed that the temperature shift yielded in significant increase in the density after hot-pressing. Further, the density pick up instead of fall after carbonisation was noticed. The results further showed that the time shift too yielded in significant enhancement of density after hot-pressing and showed the pattern after carbonisation similar to the temperature shift. And also showed that the shifts of both temperature and time yielded in significant increase in density and moderate increase in mechanical properties.</p>
A kernel method for higher temporal resolution MRI using the partial separability (PS) model
Authors: Feng Xiang , Xie Guoxi , Liu Xin , Qiu Bensheng 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The partial separability (PS) model for spatiotemporal signals has been exploited effectively for sparse (k, t)-space sampling in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the training data for defining the temporal subspace is reordered by using a projection strategy in the conventional PS model-based method, which results in a suboptimal temporal resolution imaging. To address this issue, a kernel method was presented in this work to reorder the training data to realize a higher temporal resolution MRI. Numerical simulation results show that the MRI temporal resolution could be further improved and the dynamic change of motion object could be accurately captured by the proposed method. In vivo cardiac cine MRI results demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct better MR images with higher temporal resolution (up to 8.4 ms per snapshot). This study may find use in ultra-high resolution dynamic MRI.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Propane Reforming Processes to Quantify Hydrogen and Syngas Production with and without Product Removal
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Tondwal Neelam , Kumar Surendra , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The present study aims to explore the possibility of promoting hydrogen and syngas production capacity and quality by steam (SRP) and oxidative steam (OSRP) reforming of propane with and without H2 and CO2 removal. Conditions studied are temperature range of 600–1,100 K under atmospheric pressure with steam to propane feed ratio (WPR) of 1–18, oxygen to propane feed ratio (OPR) and fractional removal of H2 and CO2 (f) ranging from 0–0.99. The results indicate that SRP with 99% H2 removal produces high H2 yield of 9.93 moles close to theoretical value of 10 moles at relatively low temperature (750 K) than SRP (950 K). Approximately identical results are achieved at 950 K with 99% CO2 removal at same conditions of WPR (12), pressure (1 atm), and complete conversion of propane. Thus, SRP with H2 removal is more energy saving process. In OSRP, lower OPR, higher WPR minimize CO and CH4 production but at the expense of H2 production. However, OSPR process is the most suitable process to provide most favourable H2/CO ratio in syngas. Molar H2/CO ratio in syngas in the range of 1–3 are found at T≥1,000 K, WPR≤6 in SRP, SRP with H2 removal (f=0.4–0.99) and OSRP (OPR=0.2–2). Thermal efficiency is higher than 80% in both SRP with H2 or CO2 removal than SRP(69.39%). The thermal efficiency in OSRP is less than 69%. Hence, propane reforming process in hydrogen selective membrane reactor, provides high quality of hydrogen at relatively lower energy utilization.
The BWC Gray Area: Locating the Blurry Line of Defining Biological Weapons
Authors: Wissinger Jennifer 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The member states bound by the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) have committed to not produce, stock pile, or use biological weapons, but finding the line between what is a biological weapon and what is justified by “prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes” is difficult with the broad wording of the convention. In a world of quickly emerging technology, the gray area created by the broad exceptions to what constitutes a BWC biological weapon produces ever-changing security risks and public policy considerations. Despite the BWC’s attempt to strengthen prohibition on biological weapons of prior agreements, a large exception is carved out for the three justified uses, which hinges on the intent and purpose of the actor. The three permitted purposes are not defined, and there is no objective test for determining the intention of the actor.
Eco-Terrorism: A Legal Update on the Laws Protecting Scientific Research from Extremist Activists
Authors: Leamons Josh W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the event of eco-terrorism has become a significant threat. The law should encourage the advancement of scientific research by providing criminal penalties for those who engage in eco-terrorism. This article examines the threat eco-terrorists pose to scientific researchers in the United States, and covers the historical use of animal research, notable activists and organizations, and the applicable laws as they currently exist, including potential improvements.
Haar Wavelet Operational Matrix Method for the Numerical Solution of Fractional Order Differential Equations
Authors: Shah Firdous A. , Abbas R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new operational matrix method of fractional order integration based on Haar wavelets to solve fractional order differential equations numerically. The properties of Haar wavelets are first presented. The properties of Haar wavelets are used to reduce the system of fractional order differential equations to a systemof algebraic equationswhich can be solved numerically byNewton’s method.Moreover, the proposed method is derived without using the block pulse functions considered in open literature and does not require the inverse of the Haar matrices. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the present method.
Characterization of bi-layered magnetic nanoparticles synthesized via two-step surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Wang Li , Baudis Stefan , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A versatile strategy to integrate multiple functions in a polymer based material is the formation of polymer networks with defined nanostructures. Here, we present synthesis and comprehensive characterization of covalently surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising a bi-layer oligomeric shell, using Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst for a two-step functionalization. These hydroxy-terminated precursors for degradable magneto- and thermo-sensitive polymer networks were prepared via two subsequent surface-initiated ring-opening polymerizations (ROPs) with ω-pentadecalactone and ε-caprolactone. A two-step mass loss obtained in thermogravimetric analysis and two distinct melting transitions around 50 and 85°C observed in differential scanning calorimetry experiments, which are attributed to the melting of OPDL and OCL crystallites, confirmed a successful preparation of the modified MNPs. The oligomeric coating of the nanoparticles could be visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The investigation of degrafted oligomeric coatings by gel permeation chromatography and 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed an increase in number average molecular weight as well as the presence of signals related to both of oligo(ω-pentadecalactone) (OPDL) and oligo(ε-caprolactone) (OCL) after the second ROP. A more detailed analysis of the NMR results revealed that only a few ω-pentadecalactone repeating units are present in the degrafted oligomeric bi-layers, whereby a considerable degree of transesterification could be observed when OPDL was polymerized in the 2nd ROP step. These findings are supported by a low degree of crystallinity for OPDL in the degrafted oligomeric bi-layers obtained in wide angle X-ray scattering experiments. Based on these findings it can be concluded that Sn(Oct)2 was suitable as catalyst for the preparation of nanosized bi-layered coated MNP precursors by a two-step ROP.
Automatisierte Vermessung der Sichtliniencharakteristik von
Bolometerkameras für die Fusionsforschung
Authors: Penzel Florian , Meister Hans , Sehmer Till , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Um in einem Fusionsexperiment die vom Plasma abgegebene
Strahlungsleistung – ein Teil der Energiebilanz – zu bestimmen,
werden seit langer Zeit Metallwiderstands-Bolometer verwendet. Sie
messen die emittierte Strahlung breitbandig entlang vieler Sichtlinien
(SL), von denen mehrere in einer Kamera integriert werden
können. Mittels tomografischer Rekonstruktionsverfahren kann
anschließend die räumliche Struktur der Plasmastrahlung
berechnet werden. Für das sich im Aufbau befindliche
internationale Fusionsexperiment ITER werden an die Bolometerkameras
besonders hohe Anforderungen gestellt, insbesondere bezüglich der
sehr engen Sichtliniencharakteristik und deren präziser
Ausrichtung im Plasmagefäß. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung einer
neuen Bolometerkamera wurde ein vollständig automatisierter
Prüfstand auf Basis eines KUKA-Roboters für die
Vermessung der zweidimensionalen Charakteristik der Sichtlinien
entwickelt . In diesem Beitrag werden die prinzipielle Funktionsweise
dieses Messverfahrens, die theoretischen Grundlagen von Sichtlinien
bezogen auf ein Fusionsexperiment, die erreichbare Messunsicherheit,
insbesondere bezüglich des Einflusses der Kalibrierquelle und der
Positionsgenauigkeit, sowie die Messreproduzierbarkeit und einige
ausgewählte Messergebnisse präsentiert. Außerdem wird das
Verfahren für die geometrische Kalibrierung der Komponenten des
Messsystems in einem globalen Koordinatensystem, wie z. B. in dem
Fusionsexperiment ASDEX (Axialsymmetrisches Divertor-Experiment)
Upgrade (AUG), vorgestellt.
Feuchtluftgenerator auf Basis eines Sorptionshygrostaten mit einem
Hochpräzisionstauspiegel
Authors: Rogge Norbert , Engwicht Michael , Welsch Steffen , Hilbrunner Falko , Fröhlich Thomas 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit behandelt
ein neues Konzept zur Kalibrierung von Luftfeuchtesensoren mit einem
Feuchtluftgenerator. Die Feuchtluft wird mittels eines
Hygrostaten erzeugt und mit Hilfe eines Referenzsensors
gemessen. Ziel dieser Anordnung ist,
die Taupunkttemperatur der konditionierten Luft über einen längeren
Zeitraum stabil zu regeln, sodass nur noch geringe
Restschwankungen auftreten. Hierzu ist ein geeigneter
Referenzsensor notwendig, um die tatsächliche
Taupunkttemperatur der Luft zu bestimmen.
In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Tauspiegelhygrometer
verwendet, um die erforderliche Präzision zu
erreichen. Das genutzte Hygrometer,
welches von der ConSens GmbH entwickelt wurde, erzeugt
einen Temperaturgradienten auf der
Spiegeloberfläche, deren mittlere Temperatur der
Taupunkttemperatur entspricht. Nach Erreichen des
Gleichgewichtszustandes ist eine Seite des Spiegels betaut und die andere
trocken. Dies vermindert Probleme mit unterkühltem
Wasserdampf, die auftreten
können, wenn eine nicht ausreichende Menge an
Kondensationskeimen vorhanden ist. Außerdem kann die
Temperatur an der Kondensationslinie durch Interpolation bestimmt
werden, selbst wenn sich diese Linie nicht in der Mitte
des Spiegels befindet. Die Lage der Kondensationslinie
auf der Spiegeloberfläche kann durch Bildverarbeitung erfasst
werden, wodurch eine genaue und kontinuierliche Messung
auch bei kurzfristig schwankender Taupunkttemperatur möglich
ist [1].
Erfassung und Beurteilung des Verspannungszustandes von
Schraubenverbindungen durch eine akustische Resonanzanalyse
Authors: Fuchs Normen , Wanner Martin-Christoph 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Beurteilung des Verspannungszustandes von Schraubenverbindung
mittels einer akustischen Resonanzanalyse ist Gegenstand der
dargestellten Untersuchungen. Durch impulsförmiges Anregen der
Schraube wird diese in Schwingung versetzt. Das resultierende
Schwingungsverhalten wird über einen Beschleunigungsaufnehmer
erfasst und ist maßgeblich vom vorliegenden Verspannungszustand
der Verschraubung abhängig.
Die Verifizierung des Verfahrens erfolgte in zwei Schritten. Im ersten
Schritt wurde die Fragestellung der Zuordnung einer messtechnisch
erfassten Resonanzfrequenz zum Verspannungszustand einer
Schraubenverbindung an einer idealisierten Modellschraubenverbindung
nachgewiesen. Diese Ergebnisse konnten weiterführend am Beispiel
von Zylinderkopfverschraubungen (∅ M39, Länge
350 mm) an einer komplexen Bauteilstruktur (Gasmotor)
bestätigt werden. Hierbei konnte eine lokale, auf die
Verschraubung bezogene und vom Verspannungszustand abhängige
Resonanzfrequenz erfasst werden. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens konnten 48
Schrauben erfolgreich geprüft und deren Verspannungszustand
beurteilt werden.
Die Eignung des Verfahrens konnte somit erfolgreich an nachgewiesen
werden.
Longitudinal behavior of autoimmune GH deficiency: from childhood to transition age
Authors: De Bellis Annamaria , Bellastella Giuseppe , Maiorino Maria Ida , Aitella Ernesto , Lucci Emma , Cozzolino Domenico , Bellastella Antonio , Bizzarro Antonio , Giugliano Dario , Esposito Katherine , _ _ 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundSome cases of apparently idiopathic GH deficiency (GHD) may be caused by pituitary autoimmunity.ObjectiveTo study the variations in pituitary function and antipituitary antibodies (APA) from childhood to transition age in patients with apparently idiopathic GHD.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal study.Patients and methodsPituitary function and APA detection by immunofluorescence were investigated in 24 childhood patients with isolated GHD before starting recombinant GH therapy and after the stopping of this therapy in transition age. Sera of patients positive for APA were processed by double immunofluorescence to identify their pituitary target.ResultsAt diagnosis, 16 out of 24 patients were APA positive targeting only somatotrophs (group 1), while the remaining eight were APA negative (group 2). When retested off therapy, 12 out of 16 patients in group 1 persisted being APA positive, while the remaining four became negative with recovery of pituitary function. All patients in group 2 persisted being APA negative but still showing GHD. Of the 12 patients persistently APA positive, eight with confirmed GHD showed APA still targeting somatotrophs, whereas four showed APA targeting only gonadotrophs associated with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH).ConclusionPatients with APA at middle but not at high titer in childhood may show a remission of autoimmune GHD in childhood after GH replacement therapy. As APA may shift their target in transition period, an early characterization of APA by double immunofluorescence is advisable in APA positive GHD patients showing delayed puberty, to allow an early diagnosis and an appropriate therapy, thus preventing the progression toward HH.