bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic location shapes fungal communities associated with Epidendrum roots
Authors: Nkomo Tiphany , Bose Tanay , Wingfield Brenda D. , Knoppersen Rosa , Mbhele Ongeziwe , Nemesio-Gorriz Miguel , Rodas Carlos A. , Paetz Christian , Cilliers Cornelius T. , Ferreira Maria A. , Hammerbacher Almuth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fungal biodiversity significantly influences ecosystem dynamics through various interactions with plants, ranging from pathogenic to mutually beneficial associations. This study explores the fungal diversity associated with an ornamental orchid genus Epidendrum that is widely propagated globally but native to northern South America. Root samples were collected from Epidendrum in diverse geographic locations: Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Spain and six South African provinces. Fungal biodiversity was catalogued from the genomic DNA extracted from these roots using fungal-specific primers and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses revealed significant fungal diversity in the roots, with distinct dominant orders in each geographic region. Among the South African samples, significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices and species richness. Even though samples originating from different provinces overlapped in the PCoA plot, PERMANOVA indicated a significant difference in the fungal biodiversity, which was further supported by PERMDISP. In the global dataset, alpha diversity indices were insignificant, but species richness was. In the PCoA plot, data points clustered by sampling sites, indicating substantial differences in fungal biodiversity between the samples. This was validated by PERMANOVA and PERMDISP analyses. Outcomes from the core fungal analyses showed Epidendrum retained a conserved set of fungal orders from its native habitat when it transitioned to exotic regions, while it also formed new associations with local fungal communities in these introduced regions. These findings highlight the role of both core and region-specific fungal communities in the ecological adaptability and success of this widely planted orchid genus.
Morphological and molecular characters of two Helicotylenchus species from South Africa and relationship of selected soil parameters with H. pseudorobustus
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , van Rensburg Candice , Handoo Zafar , Masoko Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in South Africa's Limpopo Province, two species of Helicotylenchus were identified, namely H. dihystera and H. pseudorobustus. The morphological and molecular characteristics of these species were found to be consistent with those of the known species. A phylogenetic analysis of Helicotylenchus populations based on 28S rDNA was conducted, and it was found that the H. dihystera identified in this study belonged to the same group as other H. dihystera specimens with a 1.00 posterior probability support. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of H. pseudorobustus based on 18S rDNA placed the test population close to other H. pseudorobustus specimens with 0.97 posterior probability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for Helicotylenchus species also revealed noticeable dissimilarities in the labial disc and lateral field of the tail region between the two species from the present study, including H. pseudorobustus, and H. dihystera. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that H. pseudorobustus had a correlation with pH and clay of the soil. In conclusion, despite the challenges associated with identifying Helicotylenchus species, SEM and rDNA markers can be considered as highly effective tools to distinguish the species correctly and accurately.
General and maladaptive traits as predictors of specific conspiracy beliefs related to COVID-19 and Russian-Ukrainian war: three-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Halama Peter , Teličák Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate how general personality traits (Big Five) and maladaptive traits (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) predict specific conspiracy beliefs related to COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war. 925 participants from Slovakia, recruited via an online panel of a research agency (50.6% women, mean age 50.9 years), were interviewed in October 2021 with the Big Five Inventory Short (BFI-S) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF). Later (July-August 2022 and April-May 2023), they completed the original scales to measure COVID-19 and Russian-Ukrainian war conspiracies. The results showed that after controlling for demographic variables, belief in specific conspiracies was positively predicted by extraversion and negatively predicted by agreeableness. Of the maladaptive traits, only psychoticism was a positive predictor of specific conspiracies. Since the effects were consistent across all types of conspiracies, the results suggest that personality traits may play a role in how people come to believe in specific conspiracies.
Tidal Impoundment and Mangrove Dieback at Cabbage Tree Basin, NSW: Drivers of Change and Tailored Management for the Future
Authors: Asbridge E. , Clark R. , Denham P. , Hughes M. G. , James M. , Mclaughlin D. , Turner C. , Whitton T. , Wilde T. , Rogers K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMajor storms can cause significant changes to coastal and wetland environments. A series of storm events in 2020 resulted in closure of the historically open estuary at Cabbage Tree Basin, Port Hacking, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Prolonged tidal impoundment (3 months) led to substantial changes in hydrological and sedimentological processes, resulting in widespread mangrove dieback. This study aimed to quantify the degree of impact and recovery for mangroves, identify factors contributing to dieback, and consider the implications for carbon sequestration. This was achieved using remotely piloted aircraft structure-from-motion approaches, aerial photography, and field-based assessments of vegetation health and above-ground biomass (AGB). Mangroves were classified as ‘dead’, ‘partially dead’, and ‘live’. In October 2019, there was 10.8 ha of live mangroves, with this reduced to 6.6 ha by August 2022. Digital surface models (DSMs) were intersected with classified mangroves to assess the vertical distribution of each zone. All mangroves classified as ‘dead’ were distributed at elevations < 0.4 m with respect to the Australian Height Datum (AHD), suggesting these regions were persistently inundated, which was confirmed by water level loggers (inundated during logger deployment). Field data confirmed substrate elevation related to dieback with the proportion of ‘live’ mangroves greatest at elevations > 0.6 m AHD. Substrate elevation and distance to the estuary mouth were significantly correlated with species, with Avicennia marina located at lower tidal positions and closer to the entrance compared to Aegiceras corniculatum. The dieback event equated to a loss of 81.5 ± 48 Mg of above-ground biomass, 38.1 ± 22.5 Mg C, or 140 ± 82 Mg CO2 equivalence (CO2e). This study provides an important baseline for monitoring dieback events. Continued monitoring is crucial to assess recovery and to tailor management strategies.
Wat Nederland moet doen om de prevalentie van mentale problemen te halveren
Authors: Ormel J. Hans 
Published: September 2024

SamenvattingDe last van mentale problemen is enorm. Omdat zowel behandeling als preventie er tot nu toe niet in geslaagd is hun prevalentie te reduceren, benadrukken recente beleidstukken het belang van mentale gezondheid en gezonde omgevingen, en de noodzaak van een andere, bredere en integrale preventieaanpak. In dit artikel schets ik de randvoorwaarden voor zo’n effectieve preventieaanpak, waarbij ik vooral inga op voorwaarden die nog onvoldoende duidelijk zijn, zoals financiering, regie, complexiteit, het investeringsdilemma, de lange termijn, structureel gefinancierde verankering in relevante instituties, zoals zwangerschapszorg, gezinsondersteuning, onderwijs, zorg en sociale zekerheid. De vereiste investeringen zijn enorm, maar de opbrengsten zijn veelzijdig en omvangrijk.
Cheilostomatida (Bryozoa) from settlement panels deployed in the Azores (central North Atlantic)
Authors: Berning Björn , Wisshak Max 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cheilostome Bryozoa encrusting settlement panels deployed in the Azores between 0 and 500 m, which were retrieved after a time span of 1 and 2 years, are here described and figured. Of the 49 cheilostome species reported, 15 are new to science: Beania pauciserialis sp. nov., Caberea rylandi sp. nov., Micropora acorecia sp. nov., Cellaria acorensidolisi sp. nov., Hippothoa jakobseni sp. nov., Chorizopora lula sp. nov., Haplopoma freiwaldi sp. nov., Schizomavella (Schizomavella) reverteri sp. nov., Schizomavella (Schizomavella) kekrymmena sp. nov., Microporella avilai sp. nov., Microporella quadrispinosa sp. nov., Microporella lobopodia sp. nov., Microporella nodulifera sp. nov., Buffonellaria faialensis sp. nov., and Omalosecosa secunda sp. nov. The subspecies Glabrilaria orientalis azorensis (Harmelin, 1988) is here raised to species rank, resulting in Glabrilaria azorensis (Harmelin, 1988) comb. nov. Moreover, we designate a lectotype for Nimba praetexta Jullien in by Jullien & Calvet, 1903, type species of the genus Nimba Jullien in by Jullien & Calvet, 1903, redescribe the species based on scanning electron microscope inspection, and transfer the genus from the Lacernidae Jullien, 1888 to the Escharinidae Tilbrook, 2006. A lectotype is also designated for Schizobrachiella sanguinea (Norman, 1868). Based on the taxonomic account, we discuss changes concerning the recorded diversity of bryozoans in the Azores and their taxonomic assignment, now including 91 endemic species that account for 41% of a total of 221 bryozoan species reported from the archipelago. Finally, we discuss biogeographic relationships and the status of origin, including potential non-indigenous species, and demonstrate a strong relatedness with eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean faunas.
Typologies of Minority Stressors and Depressive Symptoms among LGBTQ Employees in the Workplace: A Moderated Mediation Model of Workplace Climate and Resilience
Authors: Lo Iris Po Yee , Kim Youn Kyoung , Liu Emma H. , Yan Elsie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The pathways between minority stressors and depressive symptoms require a nuanced understanding of how these stressors affect the mental health of sexual and gender minority people. It remains unclear whether minority stressors are associated with depressive symptoms through perception of workplace climate and if resilience moderates these effects.

Methods
This study examined the direct and indirect effects of different minority stressors (experiences of discrimination, internalized homophobia, expectations of rejection, and concealment of identity) on depressive symptoms through the mediating factor of perception of workplace climate and the moderating factor of resilience. Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) employees (N = 706) completed a cross-sectional online survey in 2021–2022. We examined the moderated mediating effects using PROCESS macro with a bootstrapping approach.

Results
Mediation results showed that the four minority stressors were each negatively associated with perceptions of workplace climate, which were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among Chinese LGBTQ employees. Moderated mediation models demonstrated that the conditional indirect effects of different types of minority stressors on depressive symptoms through perception of workplace climate were only significant for those with lower levels of resilience.

Conclusions
Extending the minority stress model to work settings, this study offers new knowledge about the mediating role of perception of workplace climate in the relationship between minority stressors and depressive symptoms. Knowledge about the moderating role of resilience also informs targeted interventions.

Policy Implications
Interventions targeted at reducing minority stressors, enhancing perceived workplace climate, and promoting resilience are vital to enhance LGBTQ individuals’ mental health.
Patriarchy and Child Well-Being: Evidence from India
Authors: Islam T. M. Tonmoy , Kearns Morgan , Mitra Shabana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nutrition and care received in childhood can have a profound impact on the adult life of an individual. Governments and the United Nations have emphasized proper care and nutrition for children, and the Sustainable Development Goals have targeted the elimination of stunting and wasting of children under the age of 5 by 2030. However, South Asia is lagging behind in this metric; the World Bank has noted that about 32% of Indian children under age of 5 are stunted, while the world average is 22%. While a number of studies have looked into ways of improving well-being of a child, and women’s empowerment, the relationship between patriarchy and children well-being has not been extensively studied. In this paper, we use data from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey of India to study this relationship. We modify the patriarchy index outlined in Singh et al. (2021) and use it in our paper. Our primary dependent variable is the standardized height-for-age percentile. We find that patriarchy negatively affects child height in the northern parts of India and among certain religious groups. We theorize that culture of the land together with religion of the household impacts how patriarchy affects child height.
Cenozoic Volcanic Provinces and Shallow Asthenospheric Volumes in the Circum‐Mediterranean: Evidence From Magmatic Geochemistry, Seismic Tomography, and Integrated Geophysical‐Petrological Thermochemical Inversion
Authors: El‐Sharkawy A. , Hansteen T. H. , Clemente‐Gomez C. , Fullea J. , Lebedev S. , Meier T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe compile an extensive catalog comprising geochemistry and ages of Cenozoic volcanic provinces in the Mediterranean region, distinguishing between three groups according to the geochemistry of magmatic rocks: intraplate (IVP), subduction‐related (SRVP), and mixed‐origin volcanic provinces (MVP; intraplate with subduction imprint). In order to relate their spatial distribution to properties of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere system, we determine temperature‐depth profiles by integrated geophysical‐petrological inversion at representative locations, using Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities, heat flow, rock densities, and accounting for thermochemical conditions. The results confirm the occurrence of thin lithosphere (<100 km) above warm asthenosphere (>1,300°C) in areas of low shear‐wave velocities in the shallow upper mantle. Nine shallow asthenospheric volumes (SAVs) between 70 and 300 km depths are identified, forming a partly interconnected belt across the Circum‐Mediterranean. A remarkable colocation exists between the SAVs and the intraplate and mixed‐origin volcanic provinces (IMVPs). Whereas dense networks of IMVPs have formed above the SAVs, IMVPs are absent in areas of thick mantle lithosphere. Magmatic activity in IMVPs at 60–70 Ma indicates that several SAVs existed already in the Paleogene (Central European, Adriatic, Western Mediterranean, and Moesian SAVs). The formation of SAVs is related either to asthenospheric upwelling caused by slab rollback and back‐arc extension (Aegean‐Anatolian, Moesian, Pannonian, Western Mediterranean SAVs), or to thermal upwelling (Adriatic, Central European, Middle East [MEA], North African, Rhine‐Rhone SAVs), with some of the latter coupled partly with continental rifting (Central European, MEA, North African, Rhine Rhone SAVs).
JIRAM Observations of Volcanic Flux on Io: Distribution and Comparison to Tidal Heat Flow Models
Authors: Pettine M. , Imbeah S. , Rathbun J. , Hayes A. , Lopes R. M. C. , Mura A. , Tosi F. , Zambon F. , Bertolino S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJuno has allowed clear, high‐resolution imaging of Io's polar volcanoes using the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument. We have used data from JIRAM's M‐band (4.78 μm) imager from 11 Juno orbits to construct a global map of volcanic flux. This map provides short‐term insight into the spatial distribution of volcanoes and the ways in which high‐ and low‐latitude volcanoes differ. Using spherical harmonic analysis, we quantitatively compare our volcanic flux map to the surface heat flow distribution expected from models of Io's tidal heat deposition (summarized in de Kleer, Park, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.26206/d4wc‐6v82). Our observations confirm previously detected systems of bright volcanoes at high latitudes. Our study finds that both poles are comparably active and that the observed flux distribution is inconsistent with an asthenospheric heating model, although the south pole is viewed too infrequently to establish reliable trends.
Passive Seismology: Lightweight and Rapid Detection of Arctic Subsea and Sub‐Aquatic Permafrost
Authors: Angelopoulos Michael , Ryberg Trond , Rasmussen Christian Frigaard , Haberland Christian , Juhls Bennet , Dallimore Scott , Boike Julia , Overduin Pier Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLow sea levels during the last Ice Age exposed millions of square kilometers of Arctic shelves which have been subsequently submerged, creating subsea permafrost. In onshore settings, permafrost can also exist beneath water bodies such as coastal lagoons, rivers, and thermokarst lakes. We explored passive seismology as a method for mapping unfrozen sediment thickness above subsea and sub‐aquatic permafrost. We present passive seismic data collected with the Mobile Ocean Bottom Seismic Instrument (MOBSI) from the Beaufort Sea near Tuktoyaktuk in Canada, Ivashkina Lagoon on the Bykovsky Peninsula, as well as a lake and river in the Lena Delta, Siberia, Russia. We use borehole data and frost probe measurements to identify permafrost‐related H/V measurement peaks and calibrate shear wave velocities for frequency‐to‐depth conversion. We employ the shortest path and maximum signal amplitude to connect peaks and generate geological profiles. The MOBSI detected the ice‐bonded permafrost table beneath the Beaufort Sea, as well as beneath a Siberian lake and lagoon. At Tuktoyaktuk, an ocean bottom seismometer revealed a 5% scatter about the peak frequency for three‐minute time windows and over 8 hr of recording time. With peak frequencies ranging from 4.9 ± 0.2 Hz to 27.6 ± 1.4 Hz, the depth to subsea permafrost ranged from 1.4 ± 0.1 m bsl at the shoreline to 14.0 ± 0.4 m bsl 240 m offshore. Given an accurate shear wave velocity, our findings highlight that MOBSI deployment times as short as 3 min are adequate for detecting Arctic subsea and sub‐aquatic permafrost.
On Climate Change and Trade Cumulus Organization
Authors: Kazil Jan , Narenpitak Pornampai , Yamaguchi Takanobu , Feingold Graham 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate the role of mesoscale organization for the response of trade cumulus (Tc) clouds to climate change. Among four recently identified states of Tc organization, the “Sugar” state has the lowest and the “Flower” state the highest cloud fraction and cloud radiative effect. Using large‐eddy simulations, we find that the Flower Tc state is more sensitive to climate change than the Sugar Tc state. In the considered case, the short‐wave cloud radiative effect weakens by 0.28 W m−2 in the Sugar state and by 1.5 W m−2 in the Flower state over the course of 21st century under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario. This is accompanied by a reduction of the short‐wave cloud radiative effect variance on the mesoscale. The primary mechanism is stabilization of the boundary layer by stronger long‐wave radiative heating at the inversion associated with higher greenhouse gas levels. This weakens the boundary layer mesoscale circulation that is responsible for aggregation of moisture and formation of the Flower Tc state. Thus, in the considered case, organization on the mesoscale amplifies the positive feedback of Tc clouds to climate change. Owing to the widespread occurrence of boundary layer mesoscale circulations in the Tc regime, this mechanism could modulate the Tc response to climate change in general.
A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Evaluating Field Evapotranspiration Considering the Impact of Soil Salinity
Authors: Rong Yao , Wang Weishu , Wu Peijin , Wang Pu , Zhang Chenglong , Wang Chaozi , Huo Zailin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccurate evaluation of evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for efficient agricultural water management. Data‐driven models exhibit strong predictive ET capabilities, yet significant limitations like naive extrapolation hamper wider generalization. In this perspective, we explore a novel hybrid deep learning (DL) framework to integrate domain knowledge and demonstrate its potential for evaluating ET under the influence of soil salinity. Specifically, we integrated physical constraints from process models (Penman‐Monteith or Shuttleworth‐Wallace) and salinity‐induced stomatal stress mechanisms into the DL algorithm, and evaluated its performance by comparing four diverse scenarios. Results demonstrate that hybrid DL framework offers a promising alternative for ET estimation, achieving comparable accuracy to pure DL during training and validation. Nonetheless, due to the limited available measurements, data‐driven model may not adequately capture plant responses to salt stress, leading to significant prediction biases observed during independent testing. Encouragingly, the hybrid DL model (DL‐SS) integrating Shuttleworth‐Wallace and salinity‐induced stomatal stress mechanisms demonstrated enhanced interpretability, generalizability, and extrapolation capabilities. During testing, DL‐SS consistently showed optimal performance, yielding root mean square error (RMSE) values of 37.4 W m−2 for sunflower and 39.2 W m−2 for maize. Compared to traditional Jarvis‐type approaches (JPM and JSW) and pure DL model during testing, DL‐SS achieved substantial reductions in RMSE values: 51%, 33%, and 43% for sunflower, and 45%, 31%, and 35% for maize, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of integrating prior scientific knowledge into data‐driven models to enhance extrapolation capability of ET modeling, especially in salinized regions where conventional models may struggle.
Global Wetland Methane Emissions From 2001 to 2020: Magnitude, Dynamics and Controls
Authors: Xiao Han , Song Chaoqing , Li Shihua , Lu Xiao , Liang Minqi , Xia Xiaosheng , Yuan Wenping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe large uncertainties in estimating CH4 emissions from wetland ecosystems, the leading natural source to the atmosphere, substantially hinder the quantification of the global CH4 budget. This study used the IBIS‐CH4 (Integrated BIosphere Simulator‐Methane) model, a process‐based model integrating microbial mechanisms associated with CH4 production and oxidation processes, to simulate global wetland CH4 emissions from 2001 to 2020. Initially, we employed the IBIS‐CH4 model to evaluate its performance across 26 diverse wetland sites worldwide. The results showed that the magnitude and seasonality of observed CH4 fluxes over various wetland sites were well reproduced. We then used this model to estimate the annual global wetland CH4 emissions from 2001 to 2020, averaging 152.67 Tg CH4 yr−1, with a range of 135.72–167.57 Tg CH4 yr−1. The estimated global wetland CH4 emissions are generally in agreement with the current bottom‐up estimates (117–256 Tg CH4 yr−1) and closely overlap with independent top‐down estimates (139–183 Tg CH4 yr−1). During 2001–2020, the estimated global wetland CH4 emissions initially showed an increasing trend, followed by a decline. The peak of CH4 emissions reached in 2010, coinciding with the peak of wetland area. The majority of global wetland CH4 emissions were concentrated in tropical regions, which exhibited a clear seasonality and had a peak in July. The impact of meteorological factors on wetland CH4 emissions was greater than that of leaf area index, indicating the importance of soil hydrothermal conditions on wetland CH4 emissions.