bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An organizing principle for two-dimensional strongly correlated superconductivity
Authors: Fratino L. , Sémon P. , Sordi G. , Tremblay A.-M. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSuperconductivity in the cuprates exhibits many unusual features. We study the two-dimensional Hubbard model with plaquette dynamical mean-field theory to address these unusual features and relate them to other normal-state phenomena, such as the pseudogap. Previous studies with this method found that upon doping the Mott insulator at low temperature a pseudogap phase appears. The low-temperature transition between that phase and the correlated metal at higher doping is first-order. A series of crossovers emerge along the Widom line extension of that first-order transition in the supercritical region. Here we show that the highly asymmetric dome of the dynamical mean-field superconducting transition temperature "Equation missing", the maximum of the condensation energy as a function of doping, the correlation between maximum "Equation missing" and normal-state scattering rate, the change from potential-energy driven to kinetic-energy driven pairing mechanisms can all be understood as remnants of the normal state first-order transition and its associated crossovers that also act as an organizing principle for the superconducting state.
GIS-NaP1 zeolite microspheres as potential water adsorption material: Influence of initial silica concentration on adsorptive and physical/topological properties
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Song Ju-Sub , Han Moon Hee , Cho Churl-Hee 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGIS-NaP1 zeolite samples were synthesized using seven different Si/Al ratios (5–11) of the hydrothermal reaction mixtures having chemical composition Al2O3:xSiO2:14Na2O:840H2O to study the impact of Si/Al molar ratio on the water vapour adsorption potential, phase purity, morphology and crystal size of as-synthesized GIS-NaP1 zeolite crystals. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations reveal that Si/Al ratio does not affect the phase purity of GIS-NaP1 zeolite samples as high purity GIS-NaP1 zeolite crystals were obtained from all Si/Al ratios. Contrary, Si/Al ratios have remarkable effect on the morphology, crystal size and porosity of GIS-NaP1 zeolite microspheres. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluations of individual GIS-NaP1 zeolite microsphere demonstrate the characteristic changes in the packaging/arrangement, shape and size of primary nano crystallites. Textural characterisation using water vapour adsorption/desorption, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption data of as-synthesized GIS-NaP1 zeolite predicts the existence of mix-pores i.e., microporous as well as mesoporous character. High water storage capacity 1727.5 cm3 g−1 (138.9 wt.%) has been found for as-synthesized GIS-NaP1 zeolite microsphere samples during water vapour adsorption studies. Further, the total water adsorption capacity values for P6 (1299.4 mg g−1) and P7 (1388.8 mg g−1) samples reveal that these two particular samples can absorb even more water than their own weights.
Fluid dynamic lateral slicing of high tensile strength carbon nanotubes
Authors: Vimalanathan Kasturi , Gascooke Jason R. , Suarez-Martinez Irene , Marks Nigel A. , Kumari Harshita , Garvey Christopher J. , Atwood Jerry L. , Lawrance Warren D. , Raston Colin L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLateral slicing of micron length carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is effective on laser irradiation of the materials suspended within dynamic liquid thin films in a microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD). The method produces sliced CNTs with minimal defects in the absence of any chemical stabilizers, having broad length distributions centred at ca 190, 160 nm and 171 nm for single, double and multi walled CNTs respectively, as established using atomic force microscopy and supported by small angle neutron scattering solution data. Molecular dynamics simulations on a bent single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with a radius of curvature of order 10 nm results in tearing across the tube upon heating, highlighting the role of shear forces which bend the tube forming strained bonds which are ruptured by the laser irradiation. CNT slicing occurs with the VFD operating in both the confined mode for a finite volume of liquid and continuous flow for scalability purposes.
miR-434-3p and DNA hypomethylation co-regulate eIF5A1 to increase AChRs and to improve plasticity in SCT rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Shang Fei-Fei , Xia Qing-Jie , Liu Wei , Xia Lei , Qian Bao-Jiang , You Ling , He Mu , Yang Jin-Liang , Wang Ting-Hua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAcetylcholine receptors (AChRs) serve as connections between motor neurons and skeletal muscle and are essential for recovery from spinal cord transection (SCT). Recently, microRNAs have emerged as important potential biotherapeutics for several diseases; however, whether miRNAs operate in the modulation of AChRs remains unknown. We found increased AChRs numbers and function scores in rats with SCT; these increases were reduced following the injection of a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) shRNA lentivirus into the hindlimb muscle. Then, high-throughput screening for microRNAs targeting eIF5A1 was performed, and miR-434-3p was found to be robustly depleted in SCT rat skeletal muscle. Furthermore, a highly conserved miR-434-3p binding site was identified within the mRNA encoding eIF5A1 through bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assay. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-434-3p in vivo demonstrated it was a negative post-transcriptional regulator of eIF5A1 expression and influenced AChRs expression. The microarray-enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms regulated by miR-434-3p were muscle development terms. Using a lentivirus, one functional gene (map2k6) was confirmed to have a similar function to that of miR-434-3p in GO terms. Finally, HRM and MeDIP-PCR analyses revealed that DNA demethylation also up-regulated eIF5A1 after SCT. Consequently, miR-434-3p/eIF5A1 in muscle is a promising potential biotherapy for SCI repair.
Structural health monitoring (vibration) as a tool for identifying structural alterations of the lumbar spine: a twin control study
Authors: Kawchuk Gregory N. , Hartvigsen Jan , Edgecombe Tiffany , Prasad Narasimha , van Dieen Jaap H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) is an engineering technique used to identify mechanical abnormalities not readily apparent through other means. Recently, SHM has been adapted for use in biological systems, but its invasive nature limits its clinical application. As such, the purpose of this project was to determine if a non-invasive form of SHM could identify structural alterations in the spines of living human subjects. Lumbar spines of 10 twin pairs were visualized by magnetic resonance imaging then assessed by a blinded radiologist to determine whether twin pairs were structurally concordant or discordant. Vibration was then applied to each subject’s spine and the resulting response recorded from sensors overlying lumbar spinous processes. The peak frequency, area under the curve and the root mean square were computed from the frequency response function of each sensor. Statistical analysis demonstrated that in twins whose structural appearance was discordant, peak frequency was significantly different between twin pairs while in concordant twins, no outcomes were significantly different. From these results, we conclude that structural changes within the spine can alter its vibration response. As such, further investigation of SHM to identify spinal abnormalities in larger human populations is warranted.
Optical responses of a metal with sub-nm gaps
Authors: Park Sang Jun , Kim Tae Yun , Park Cheol-Hwan , Kim Dai-Sik 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIf the size of a metallic structure is reduced to be comparable to or even smaller than the typical quantum-mechanical lengths such as the Fermi wavelength or Thomas-Fermi wavelength, the electronic structure and optical responses are modulated by quantum effects. Here, we calculate the optical responses of a metal with sub-nm gaps using the eigenstates obtained from an effective-mass quantum theory. According to our simulation, the dielectric responses can be significantly modified by tuning the inter-gap distances. Remarkably, sub-nm gaps occupying a 0.3% volumetric fraction can elongate the penetration depth by an order of magnitude in the terahertz regime. We find that the detailed dependences of electron-photon interaction matrix elements on the involved electronic wavefunctions play an important role in the optical responses. The results draw our attention to these recently fabricated systems.
Polarization induced Z2 and Chern topological phases in a periodically driving field
Authors: Pi Shu-Ting , Savrasov Sergey 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZ2 and Chern topological phases such as newly discovered quantum spin Hall and original quantum Hall states hardly both co–exist in a single material due to their contradictory requirement on the time–reversal symmetry (TRS). We show that although the TRS is broken in systems with a periodically driving field, an effective TRS can still be defined provided the ac–field is linearly polarized or certain other conditions are satisfied. The controllable TRS provides us a route to manipulate contradictory phases by tuning the polarization. To demonstrate the idea, we consider a tight-binding model that is relevant to several monolayered materials as a benchmark system. Our calculation shows not only topological Z2 to Chern phase transition occurs but rich Chern phases are also observed. In addition, we also discussed the realization of our proposal in real materials, such as spin-orbit coupled graphene and crystal Bismuth. This opens the possibility of manipulating various topological phases in a single material and can be a promising approach to engineer new electronic states of matter.
Abrupt climate shift in the Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Schroeder K. , Chiggiato J. , Bryden H. L. , Borghini M. , Ben Ismail S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne century of oceanographic measurements has evidenced gradual increases in temperature and salinity of western Mediterranean water masses, even though the vertical stratification has basically remained unchanged. Starting in 2005, the basic structure of the intermediate and deep layers abruptly changed. We report here evidence of reinforced thermohaline variability in the deep western basin with significant dense water formation events producing large amounts of warmer, saltier and denser water masses than ever before. We provide a detailed chronological order to these changes, giving an overview of the new water masses and following their route from the central basin interior to the east (toward the Tyrrhenian) and toward the Atlantic Ocean. As a consequence of this climate shift, new deep waters outflowing through Gibraltar will impact the North Atlantic in terms of salt and heat input. In addition, modifications in the Mediterranean abyssal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles are to be expected.
A Simple Geotracer Compositional Correlation Analysis Reveals Oil Charge and Migration Pathways
Authors: Yang Yunlai , Arouri Khaled 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel approach, based on geotracer compositional correlation analysis is reported, which reveals the oil charge sequence and migration pathways for five oil fields in Saudi Arabia. The geotracers utilised are carbazoles, a family of neutral pyrrolic nitrogen compounds known to occur naturally in crude oils. The approach is based on the concept that closely related fields, with respect to filling sequence, will show a higher carbazole compositional correlation, than those fields that are less related. That is, carbazole compositional correlation coefficients can quantify the charge and filling relationships among different fields. Consequently, oil migration pathways can be defined based on the established filling relationships. The compositional correlation coefficients of isomers of C1 and C2 carbazoles, and benzo[a]carbazole for all different combination pairs of the five fields were found to vary extremely widely (0.28 to 0.94). A wide range of compositional correlation coefficients allows adequate differentiation of separate filling relationships. Based on the established filling relationships, three distinct migration pathways were inferred, with each apparently being charged from a different part of a common source kitchen. The recognition of these charge and migration pathways will greatly aid the search for new accumulations.
Alles auf eine Sparte
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut 
Published: March 2016

Fresenius hat gute Zahlen vorgelegt. Und der Erwerb der amerikanischen Renal Care Group bringt das Unternehmen auch international besser ins Geschäft. Allerdings: Die Akquisition verstärkt den Einfluss der Sparte FMC auf den Gesamtkonzern.
Künftig dürfte FMC rund 75 Prozent des Gesamtumsatzes erwirtschaften.
Qualität ist Chefsache
Authors: Gaede Kirsten 
Published: March 2016

Qualitätsberichte, KTQ-Zertifikate – die aussagekräftigste Einschätzung ihrer Qualität erhalten Kliniken durch den ergebnisorientierten Report der BQS Bundesgeschäftsstelle für Qualitätssicherung. Doch er wird nur selten effektiv genutzt, bedauert Volker Mohr, Geschäftsführer der BQS.
kma-Interview mit Volker Mohr
Unfolded protein response regulates yeast small GTPase Arl1p activation at late Golgi via phosphorylation of Arf GEF Syt1p
Authors: Hsu Jia-Wei , Tang Pei-Hua , Wang I-Hao , Liu Chia-Lun , Chen Wen-Hui , Tsai Pei-Chin , Chen Kuan-Yu , Chen Kuan-Jung , Yu Chia-Jung , Lee Fang-Jen S. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular response to stress caused by accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPases are key regulators of membrane traffic in the Golgi complex. In yeast, Arf guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) Syt1p activates the Arf-like protein Arl1 at late Golgi, thereby recruiting golgin Imh1p, but how Syt1p GEF activity is regulated is largely unknown. We demonstrate that UPR signaling regulated phosphorylation of Syt1, which is critical for Arl1p activation, recruitment of golgin protein Imh1p to the Golgi, and Syt1p interaction with Arl1. These findings reveal a previously unsuspected relationship between the UPR and Golgi transport.
Microscopic interpretation of folding ϕ-values using the transition path ensemble
Authors: Best Robert B. , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: March 2016

Significance
ϕ-Value analysis remains the only experimental method that can give detailed structural information on protein folding transition states. Calculating ϕ-values from simulations is therefore an important validation of inferred folding mechanisms but has remained challenging. We describe a novel method for computing ϕ-values from folding transition paths, motivated by transition path theory. In addition to rendering an average ϕ-value, our approach can characterize pathway heterogeneity by resolving ϕ into contributions from individual transition paths. This method should be applicable not just to protein folding but to other complex self-assembly processes including protein binding or nucleic acid folding.
The regulatory mechanism underlying light-inducible production of carotenoids in nonphototrophic bacteria
Authors: Takano Hideaki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Light is a ubiquitous environmental factor serving as an energy source and external stimulus. Here, I review the conserved molecular mechanism of light-inducible production of carotenoids in three nonphototrophic bacteria: Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), Thermus thermophilus HB27, and Bacillus megaterium QM B1551. A MerR family transcriptional regulator, LitR, commonly plays a central role in their light-inducible carotenoid production. Genetic and biochemical studies on LitR proteins revealed a conserved function: LitR in complex with adenosyl B12 (AdoB12) has a light-sensitive DNA-binding activity and thus suppresses the expression of the Crt biosynthesis gene cluster. The in vitro DNA-binding and transcription assays showed that the LitR–AdoB12 complex serves as a repressor allowing transcription initiation by RNA polymerase in response to illumination. The existence of novel light-inducible genes and the unique role of the megaplasmid were revealed by the transcriptomic analysis of T. thermophilus. The findings suggest that LitR is a general regulator responsible for the light-inducible carotenoid production in the phylogenetically divergent nonphototrophic bacteria, and that LitR performs diverse physiological functions in bacteria.
Glucose-induced abnormal egg-laying rate inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Teshiba Eri , Miyahara Kohji , Takeya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigh glucose reduced the egg-laying rate of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and was dependent on serotonergic signaling. Antidiabetic drugs of the biguanide and thiazolidine classes ameliorated the detrimental effect of glucose on egg-laying rate, suggesting the possibility that this quick and easy assay system may be applicable to whole-animal screening for novel antidiabetic drugs, at least, of these classes.
Riociguat (BAY 63‐2521) and Aspirin: A Randomized, Pharmacodynamic, and Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study
Authors: Frey Reiner , Reber Michael , Krätzschmar Jörn , Unger Sigrun , Mück Wolfgang , Wensing Georg 
Published: March 2016

In preclinical studies, drugs that increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels have been shown to influence platelet function/aggregation; however, the effect of riociguat on human platelets is unclear. Aspirin, a platelet inhibitor, is likely to be given concomitantly in patients receiving riociguat. It is therefore important to establish clinically whether (1) riociguat affects platelet function and (2) aspirin and riociguat interact. This randomized, open‐label, crossover study investigated potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between these drugs in healthy male volunteers (N = 18). There were 3 treatment regimens: a single morning dose of riociguat 2.5 mg, aspirin 500 mg on 2 consecutive mornings, and both treatments together, with riociguat given on the second morning. Fifteen participants were available for pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic analysis. There was no effect of riociguat alone on bleeding time, platelet aggregation, and serum thromboxane B2 levels. The effects of aspirin on these parameters were not influenced by concomitant administration of riociguat. The pharmacokinetic profile of riociguat showed interindividual variability, which was independent of aspirin coadministration. Six of 17 participants available for safety evaluation reported at least 1 treatment‐emergent adverse event. All adverse events were of mild severity, apart from 1 report of moderate headache. No serious adverse events occurred. In conclusion, riociguat demonstrated no clinically relevant pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions with aspirin at the doses used in this study in healthy men; coadministration of riociguat and aspirin should therefore not require any dose adjustment for either drug.
Absorption of Riociguat (BAY 63‐2521): Bioavailability, Food Effects, and Dose Proportionality
Authors: Becker Corina , Frey Reiner , Hesse Christiane , Unger Sigrun , Reber Michael , Mück Wolfgang 
Published: March 2016

Riociguat (BAY 63‐2521) is the first member of a novel class of compounds, the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators. Riociguat has a dual mode of action: it sensitizes sGC to endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and stimulates sGC independent of NO availability. To characterize the biopharmaceutical properties of riociguat, including absolute bioavailability, food interactions, and dose proportionality, riociguat (intravenous/oral) was administered to healthy male subjects in 3 open‐label, randomized, crossover studies: absolute bioavailability (1 mg; n = 22), food effect (2.5 mg; n = 23), and dose proportionality (0.5–2.5 mg; n = 24). Absolute bioavailability was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%–107%). Riociguat absorption was delayed by a high‐fat breakfast with little effect on the extent of absorption (area under the concentration‐time curve [AUC]fed : AUCfasted, 88% [90% CI, 82%–95%]). Exposure to riociguat was dose proportional over all doses (common slope of AUC, 1.09 [90% CI, 1.04–1.14]; maximum concentration, 0.98 [90% CI, 0.93–1.04]). Intraindividual variability was low; interindividual variability was moderate to high. Riociguat was well tolerated, and adverse events were consistent with the mode of action. In conclusion, riociguat shows complete oral absorption, no clinically relevant food effects, and a dose‐proportional increase in systemic exposure (0.5–2.5 mg). These data support the suitability of the individualized dose adjustment scheme employed in the phase 3 clinical studies.
Effects of Age and Sex on the Pharmacokinetics of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Riociguat (BAY 63‐2521)
Authors: Frey Reiner , Saleh Soundos , Becker Corina , Mück Wolfgang 
Published: March 2016

Riociguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study investigated the pharmacokinetics of riociguat and its metabolite M1 in young (18–45 years) and elderly (64.5–80 years) healthy volunteers of both sexes to assist planning of the dose regimens for clinical trials. The data were also used to draw comparisons with the effects of age and sex on riociguat pharmacokinetics in patients with PAH and CTEPH from the riociguat phase 3 trials, PATENT and CHEST. Volunteers received an oral dose of either riociguat 2.5 mg or placebo, and the concentrations of riociguat and M1 in blood and urine samples were determined using mass spectrometry. In elderly healthy volunteers, overall riociguat and M1 exposure tended to be higher than in young healthy volunteers (P >0.05),partly because of reduced renal clearance (approximately 28% reduction) and differences in body weight. Although the mean maximum concentrations of riociguat and M1 were significantly higher in women than in men (35% and 50% higher, respectively), total exposure was similar. Despite differences in riociguat and M1 pharmacokinetics, riociguat was well tolerated with a comparable safety profile across all subgroups, suggesting that differences in drug exposure due to age or sex were not sufficient to warrant a dose adjustment in clinical trials. Furthermore, similar pharmacokinetics were observed in patients with PAH and CTEPH. However, particular care should be exercised during individual dose titration of riociguat in elderly patients.