bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOD‐diffusion: Salient Object Detection via Diffusion‐Based Image Generators
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Huang Jiaming , Chen Shizhe , Wu Yan , Hu Tao , Liu Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSalient Object Detection (SOD) is a challenging task that aims to precisely identify and segment the salient objects. However, existing SOD methods still face challenges in making explicit predictions near the edges and often lack end‐to‐end training capabilities. To alleviate these problems, we propose SOD‐diffusion, a novel framework that formulates salient object detection as a denoising diffusion process from noisy masks to object masks. Specifically, object masks diffuse from ground‐truth masks to random distribution in latent space, and the model learns to reverse this noising process to reconstruct object masks. To enhance the denoising learning process, we design an attention feature interaction module (AFIM) and a specific fine‐tuning protocol to integrate conditional semantic features from the input image with diffusion noise embedding. Extensive experiments on five widely used SOD benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed SOD‐diffusion achieves favorable performance compared to previous well‐established methods. Furthermore, leveraging the outstanding generalization capability of SOD‐diffusion, we applied it to publicly available images, generating high‐quality masks that serve as an additional SOD benchmark testset.
Deep‐Learning‐Based Facial Retargeting Using Local Patches
Authors: Choi Yeonsoo , Lee Inyup , Cha Sihun , Kim Seonghyeon , Jung Sunjin , Noh Junyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the era of digital animation, the quest to produce lifelike facial animations for virtual characters has led to the development of various retargeting methods. While the retargeting facial motion between models of similar shapes has been very successful, challenges arise when the retargeting is performed on stylized or exaggerated 3D characters that deviate significantly from human facial structures. In this scenario, it is important to consider the target character's facial structure and possible range of motion to preserve the semantics assumed by the original facial motions after the retargeting. To achieve this, we propose a local patch‐based retargeting method that transfers facial animations captured in a source performance video to a target stylized 3D character. Our method consists of three modules. The Automatic Patch Extraction Module extracts local patches from the source video frame. These patches are processed through the Reenactment Module to generate correspondingly re‐enacted target local patches. The Weight Estimation Module calculates the animation parameters for the target character at every frame for the creation of a complete facial animation sequence. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can successfully transfer the semantic meaning of source facial expressions to stylized characters with considerable variations in facial feature proportion.
The concept map as a tool for analyzing museum objects
Authors: Loureiro Maria Lucia de Niemeyer Matheus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses using the concept map to study museum objects. The tool's original purpose, which was created in the 1970s by Joseph Novak, was to graphically represent the construction of knowledge of scientific topics by learners, particularly children. Concept maps start from the premise that new knowledge is always built on previous knowledge and allow the representation, organization, and relationship between concepts, which are seen as the primary elements of knowledge. Novak recognized that its potential is insufficiently explored and encouraged its application in different disciplines and fields that deal with concepts and their relationships. This incentive led the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) to adopt the concept map on an experimental basis to analyze objects in its collection. At first, the tool sought to emphasize the conceptual potential of museum objects and shed more light on their trajectory in time and space and the numerous possible connections with events, institutions, concepts, people, and other objects. In the initial experimental phase, the maps were included in papers presented at academic events and discussed with professionals dedicated to science and technology collections and other specialists in Museology and Information Science. In the second stage, maps began to be produced in greater numbers and on demand, focusing on objects selected for a temporary exhibition. Based on the assumption that museum objects are both unique and representative of a class of objects that share the same name and function, the maps constructed were based on Ingetraut Dahlberg's Theory of Concept, which distinguishes between general and individual objects and concepts.
Reducing the replication time for structural estimations: A successful replication of “An Anatomy of International Trade” using GPU computing
Authors: Zhong Jiatong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEaton, Kortum, and Kramarz (2011) (EKK) discovered empirical patterns from French manufacturing firms that a baseline firm heterogeneity model could not explain. The authors proposed and estimated a model that closely matches the patterns observed in French data. This paper successfully replicates their findings using author‐provided data, re‐implementing their algorithms in Python and leveraging graphics processing unit computing to significantly boost computational speed. Applying the model to Chinese manufacturing data, despite differences in context, showed that the model explains most observed patterns well.
A systematic review of the prevalence of post‐operative complications after general anaesthesia in adult horses (2000–2023)
Authors: Loomes Kate , de Grauw Janny , Gozalo‐Marcilla Miguel , Redondo José I , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine post‐operative morbidity represents a significant concern for both veterinary surgeons and horse owners.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of post‐operative complications in horses after elective/non‐abdominal surgery or colic surgery.Study designSystematic review.MethodsA database search identified eligible studies which reported the prevalence of equine post‐operative complications published as a full paper in English in a peer‐reviewed journal between 2000 and 2023. Studies were evaluated using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) framework. Data for the most commonly reported complications were analysed using Chi‐squared analysis of weighted means to answer 13 PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcomes) questions.ResultsSixty‐seven studies met inclusion criteria. Data for eight post‐operative morbidities (colic, surgical site complications, myopathy/neuropathy, laminitis, diarrhoea/colitis, fever/pyrexia, jugular thrombophlebitis/thrombosis, respiratory complications) were sufficient to allow statistical analyses. The weighted mean of the overall proportion of post‐operative complications after elective/non‐abdominal surgery is 17.48% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 13.20–22.92), significantly increasing to 55.62% (95% CI: 45.79–65.03) after colic surgery (odds ratio [OR] 6.63; 95% CI: 5.83–7.56; p < 0.001). The most commonly reported morbidity was post‐operative colic, with a weighted mean prevalence of 7.45% (95% CI: 4.83–11.76) after elective/non‐abdominal surgery, significantly rising to 26.46% (95% CI: 19.11–35.97) after colic surgery (OR 4.11; 95% CI: 3.60–4.71; p < 0.001). The weighted mean prevalence of surgical site complications, laminitis, diarrhoea/colitis, fever/pyrexia, jugular thrombophlebitis/thrombosis and respiratory complications were significantly higher after colic surgery compared with elective/non‐abdominal surgery. Myopathy/neuropathy was the only morbidity where prevalence was not different between groups (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 0.86–4.16; p = 0.16).Main limitationsThe majority of studies were retrospective. Morbidity definitions, data collection periods, follow‐up time and methods varied between studies.ConclusionsBased on current evidence, the prevalence of post‐operative colic, surgical site complications, laminitis, diarrhoea/colitis, fever/pyrexia, jugular thrombophlebitis/thrombosis and respiratory complications is significantly higher after colic surgery compared with elective/non‐abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia.
Impact of a Case‐Based Sleep Apnoea Education on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Confidence of Dental Hygiene Students—A Multicentre Intervention Study
Authors: Kramer Ann‐Catrin André , Wright Bridget , Berggren Kristina , Lundsbakken Linda , Hopkins Karelle , Ahonen Hanna , Lindmark Ulrika 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes and confidence levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) before and after case‐based education among dental hygiene students. Moreover, to give an international perspective, this study included students from the US and Scandinavia.MethodsA longitudinal multicentre study assessed dental hygiene students' OSA knowledge, attitudes and confidence through a case‐based education model. Students from six dental hygiene programmes in the US, Norway and Sweden participated from 2021 to 2022. The intervention group (N = 89) received preview material, live synchronous OSA lecture, case‐based screening of fictitious patients and clinical practice using the STOP‐Bang screening tool. Controls (N = 70) followed the standard curriculum. The Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Knowledge and Attitudes (OSAKA) questionnaire, comprising 18 knowledge and five attitude/confidence questions, was used. Reliability was assessed and nonparametric tests determined OSAKA knowledge score differences among the baseline, 6 months and 12 months intervals.ResultsThe intervention increased OSA knowledge with the largest increase in proportions of correct responses occurring between the baseline and 6 months and all single items showing a higher proportion of correct answers at 12 months compared to the baseline. Students' attitudes regarding the importance of OSAKA and confidence in managing patients increased from the baseline to both 6 months and 12 months.ConclusionThe case based educational intervention increased OSA knowledge and improved attitudes and confidence among dental hygiene students. The results also determined that the OSAKA questionnaire can be used in a setting with dental hygiene students to provide an overview of their knowledge, attitudes and confidence toward OSA. Current sleep medicine education in dental hygiene programmes is limited, suggesting the need for enhanced and sustained educational interventions to address this knowledge gap.
Survey on Patient Perception of At‐Home Bacterial Biofilm Control in Relation to Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue Health
Authors: Hoerler Sarah B. , Mueller Erin B. , Murray Whitnee R. , Zhou Miao Xian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveBacterial biofilm control around dental implants is critical for the health of the peri‐implant soft tissue and longevity of dental implants. The patient's role in regular biofilm removal around dental implants is just as important as that of the dental hygienist. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between at‐home dental implant care and patients' perceptions of peri‐implant soft tissue health.MethodsA 15‐item paper survey was distributed to adult patients undergoing professional dental hygiene maintenance at a specialty dental practice within a 3‐month period and had at least one dental implant. Survey items included participant demographics, patient‐reported adjunctive aids for dental implants and patient perceptions of dental implant oral hygiene practices and peri‐implant soft tissue health.ResultsThere was a statistical difference between time spent cleaning dental implants and peri‐implant soft tissue health. An association was found between patients who reported spending more time cleaning their dental implants and less bleeding (p = 0.046/54%), gingival inflammation (p = 0.026/58%) and gingival tissue redness (p = 0.036/53%). Additionally, patients who more frequently underwent professional dental hygiene maintenance perceived less gingival inflammation (p = 0.001/66%).ConclusionTo promote peri‐implant soft tissue health and reduce oral biological complications, best practice guidelines should be implemented, including optimal at‐home dental implant care and regular professional dental hygiene maintenance.
Research on flame characteristics and coating growth process of titanium alloy in HVAF spraying
Authors: Li Chang , Li Siyu , Liu Pengfei , Tang Ping , Kong Shuai , Wang Cong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, a flow field model of WC–12Co powder sprayed by high‐velocity air fuel (HVAF) was established based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The macro–micro coupled thermodynamic model of coating multilayer growth process was established based on the birth and death element method. The temperature and velocity of the particles in the combustion flame were applied to the coating growth model, and the transient evolution of the coating temperature and thermal stress was revealed. The results show the temperature and thermal stress of coatings increase with the increasing the number of spraying layers, and their incremental gradient gradually decreases with the increasing the number of deposition layers. The peak temperature of the coating surface reaches 1494 K, and the peak thermal stress of the first coating reaches 2693 MPa. The maximum stress of spraying particles appears at the contact edge of particles. Further preparation of WC coating, through the hardness, friction, and wear, corrosion tests verify that WC–12Co coating can effectively provide the TC18 substrate performance. The microhardness of WC–12Co coating was approximately three times that of TC18 substrate. The average friction coefficient and corrosion rate of the coating are 0.15 and 0.06 mg/cm2/h lower than that of the substrate, respectively.
Glutathione as a skin‐lightening agent and in melasma: a systematic review
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Yadav Vidya , Yadav Twinkle , P Janaani , Mandal Irena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHyperpigmentary disorders, including melasma, are challenging to treat. Glutathione has anti‐melanogenic and antioxidant properties, which led to its use as a skin‐lightening agent. Our objective was to review the published evidence and literature on the efficacy and safety of glutathione as a skin‐lightening agent and in the treatment of melasma. A literature search was done in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases using the search terms “glutathione as a skin‐lightening agent” and “glutathione in melasma” for the past 10 years. The level of evidence, strength of recommendation, and risk of bias assessment were evaluated. Among various forms of topical glutathione, glutathione 0.5% was significantly more effective compared to glutathione 0.1% and placebo. For glutathione alone versus glutathione plus microneedling, more improvement was seen. Five randomized controlled trials and a single open‐arm clinical study on oral glutathione at doses of 250 mg once a day, 250 mg twice a day, and 500 mg once a day showed a significant reduction in the melanin index compared to placebo. The combination of topical 2% glutathione plus oral glutathione was superior to monotherapy alone. There was only one placebo‐controlled study on intravenous (IV) glutathione [6/16 (37.5%) vs. 3 (18.7%), (p0.054)]. The risk of bias assessment showed that almost an equal number of studies have low and high risk of bias. Topical versus oral glutathione both provide moderately efficacious skin‐lightening outcomes that are localized versus generalized and have minimal versus substantial adverse effects, but they are unsustainable, with variable costs. IV glutathione is contraindicated due to lack of efficacy and side effects. It may work more as an antioxidant in melasma.
Modeling of ternary ion exchange and stress evolution in lithium‐containing glass
Authors: Xu Junju , Zhang Yuzhou , Zhang Yajing , Lin Chen , Gao Ziyang , Ruan Haihui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA computational model of ternary ion exchange (IOX) for strengthening glass is proposed to predict the cation concentration and residual stress distributions in glass after ternary IOX. The comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results indicated the validates the model. Additionally, it provides a method to determine ion diffusivity and volume expansion through ternary IOX experiments. Simulations of K–Na–Li ternary IOX were conducted using the parameters calibrated based on experimental results from a thick silicate glass. Then the process parameters were changed to clarify their influences. Key findings reveal that for thick glass (where lateral expansion is negligible), the optimum ratio of K+ and Na+ concentrations in a molten salt is 2:1. We further consolidate the effects of process parameters by training a neural network (NN) and demonstrate that the NN can be a surrogate model to replace the time‐consuming simulations, which could be more adaptable by the glass industry.
Capturing Potential Interventions for the Empowerment of Older People and Informal Caregivers in Transitional Care Decision‐Making: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Groups
Authors: Kraun Lotan , De Vliegher Kristel , Keldermans Elise , Ellen Moriah E , van Achterberg Theo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo capture older people's, informal caregivers' and health professionals' ideas on potential interventions for empowering older people and informal caregivers in transitional care decision‐making.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was adopted.MethodsThe study was conducted between February and May 2022 in the region of Flanders, Belgium, as part of the TRANS‐SENIOR consortium's collaborative research. Data were collected using focus groups, including older people, informal caregivers and healthcare professionals involved in any physical relocation of the older person across home, hospital or nursing home settings. Thematic data analysis was performed based on Braun and Clarke's six‐step method.ResultsA total of 40 people participated in the focus groups. Four main themes were identified, which describe ideas on how to empower older people and informal caregivers in transitional care: Providing clear and timely information, preparing people for what is to come, person‐centredness and providing professional and peer support for informal caregivers.ConclusionsHealthcare (professionals) should facilitate older people's and informal caregivers' empowerment in transitional care decision‐making by setting them at the core and inception of the decision‐making process. While informal caregivers support their loved ones in decision‐making processes, they should also be supported and monitored for burdensome issues.Implications to Patient CareMulticomponent, well‐planned and personalised interventions are needed to empower older people and informal caregivers in transitional care decision‐making. The ideas raised by all stakeholders who participated in this study can inform these interventions.Reporting MethodAdhered to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionOrganisations advocating for the interests of older people and informal caregivers played a pivotal role in shaping the TRANS SENIOR project. Furthermore, the study benefitted from the collaborative input of AGE Platform Europe, which amplified the voices and representation of older people during the project design phase.
Examining systemic inflammation as a pathway linking peer victimization to depressive symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Lorenz Tamara , Michels Nathalie , Slavich George M. , Giletta Matteo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAdolescents exposed to victimization are at an increased risk for a variety of adverse mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms. Yet, the biological pathways underlying these associations remain poorly understood. Focusing on within‐person processes, we examined whether low‐grade systemic inflammation mediated the longitudinal associations between peer victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Methods207 adolescents (at baseline Mage = 12.69 years; SD = 0.49; 43.5% female) participated in a multi‐wave longitudinal study, with assessments repeated every 6 months over 1.5 years. At each assessment wave, participants self‐reported their peer victimization experiences and depressive symptoms. Dried blood spots were collected at each wave using a finger prick procedure to assay a key marker of low‐grade systemic inflammation, interkeukin‐6 (IL‐6). Data were analyzed using random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models.ResultsThe cross‐lagged paths from IL‐6 to depressive symptoms were significant across all models and waves (β12 = .13; β23 = .12; β34 = .08), indicating that when adolescents' levels of low‐grade systemic inflammation were above their person‐specific average, they reported increased levels of depressive symptoms in the subsequent months. However, no significant cross‐lagged within‐person associations emerged between peer victimization and either IL‐6 or depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe findings provide no evidence for the hypothesized mediating role of inflammation in the within‐person associations between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, they extend prior research by indicating that elevated levels of low‐grade systemic inflammation predict the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence.
Short‐Term Grasslands in Agriculture Support Both Natural Enemy and Phytophagous Arthropod Populations
Authors: Tsuruda Matthew , Clausen Martina , Bondar Drew , Kremen Claire , Carrillo Juli 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSimplified agricultural land with high chemical input is increasingly replacing natural habitats in many parts of the world. This loss and fragmentation of natural areas may have profound impacts on an array of wildlife, including predatory arthropods that provide natural biocontrol of agricultural pests. There is increasing interest in utilising short‐term seminatural habitat restoration in agricultural systems to support populations of beneficial organisms. We assessed the impact of two types of short‐term set‐asides on the diversity and abundance/activity density of phytophagous and predatory arthropods. We found that flower‐enhanced set‐asides supported higher abundances of both phytophagous and predatory arthropods compared to control crop fields. In addition, we found that both set‐aside types (flower enhanced and traditional) supported a more active and diverse community of beneficial predatory carabid beetles, with particularly strong trends in set‐asides supplemented with flowering plants. These results suggest that small‐scale, temporary, seminatural habitats in agricultural systems provide support for a diverse and abundant community of both beneficial and phytophagous arthropods.