bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone Hyperacetylation in Maize in Response to Treatment with HC-Toxin or Infection by the Filamentous Fungus Cochliobolus carbonum
Authors: Ransom R. F. , Walton J. D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
HC-toxin, the host-selective toxin produced by the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum, inhibits maize (Zea mays L.) histone deacetylases (HDs) in vitro. Here we show that HDs are also inhibited by HC-toxin in vivo, as demonstrated by the accumulation of hyperacetylated forms of the core (nucleosomal) histones H3.1, H3.2, H3.3, and H4 in both maize embryos and tissue cultures. Hyperacetylation of H4 and all isoforms of H3 in tissue cultures of inbred Pr (genotype hm/hm) occurred at 10 ng/mL (23 nM). The effect was host-selective; acetylation of histones in the near isogenic inbred Pr1 (genotype Hm/Hm) did not occur in tissue cultures or embryos treated with 0.2 [mu]g/mL or 10 [mu]g/mL HC-toxin, respectively. Hyperacetylation of histone H4 in embryos of Pr1 began to occur at 50 [mu]g/mL. HC-toxin, and 200 [mu]g/mL HC-toxin caused equal hyperacetylation in Pr and Pr1 embryos. Hyperacetylated core histones, especially of the isoforms of histone H3, accumulated in leaves of inbred Pr, but not Pr1, after infection by toxin-producing strains of C. carbonum. Accumulation of hyperacetylated histones began at 24 h after inoculation, before the development of visible disease symptoms. Hyperacetylation of H2A or H2B histones were not detected in any of the studies. The results are consistent with HD being a primary site of action of HC-toxin.
Characterization of Thylakoid-Derived Lipid-Protein Particles Bearing the Large Subunit of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase
Authors: Smith M. D. , Ghosh S. , Dumbroff E. B. , Thompson J. E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Lipid-protein particles bearing the 55-kD ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (EC 4.1.1.39) large subunit (RLSU) and no detectable corresponding Rubisco small subunit (RSSU) were isolated from the stroma of intact chloroplasts by flotation centrifugation. Stromal RLSU-bearing particles appear to originate from thylakoids because they can also be generated in vitro by illumination of isolated thylakoids. Their formation in vitro is largely heat denaturable and is facilitated by light or ATP. RLSU-containing lipid-protein particles range from 0.05 to 0.10 [mu]m in radius, contain the same fatty acids as thylakoids, but have a 10- to 15-fold higher free-to-esterified fatty acid ratio than thylakoids. RLSU-bearing lipid-protein particles with no detectable RSSU were also immunopurified from the populations of both stromal lipid-protein particles and those generated in vitro from illuminated thylakoids. Protease shaving indicated that the RLSU is embedded in the lipid-protein particles and that there is also a protease-protected RLSU in thylakoids. These observations collectively indicate that the RLSU associated with thylakoids is released into the stroma by light-facilitated blebbing of lipid-protein particles. The release of RLSU-containing particles may in turn be coordinated with the assembly of Rubisco holoenzyme because chaperonin 60 is also associated with lipid-protein particles isolated from stroma.
Treatment of Grape Berries, a Nonclimacteric Fruit with a Synthetic Auxin, Retards Ripening and Alters the Expression of Developmentally Regulated Genes
Authors: Davies C. , Boss P. K. , Robinson S. P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Treatment of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries with the synthetic auxin-like compound benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid (BTOA) caused a delay in the onset of ripening of approximately 2 weeks. This was manifested as a retardation of the increases in berry weight, color, deformability, and hexose concentration. BTOA treatment also delayed by 2 weeks the increase in abscisic acid level that normally accompanies ripening and altered the expression of a number of developmentally regulated genes. A putative vacuolar invertase, which is normally expressed from berry set until ripening and turned off after ripening commences, remained expressed throughout development in BTOA-treated grape berries. This elevated expression resulted in increased levels of invertase activity. In contrast, the up-regulation of four other genes normally switched on at the time of ripening was delayed in BTOA-treated fruit. These included chalcone synthase and UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase, both of which are involved in anthocyanin synthesis, a chitinase, and a ripening-related gene of an unknown function. These observations support the view that auxins (perhaps in conjunction with abscisic acid) may have a role in the control of grape berry ripening by affecting the expression of genes involved in the ripening process.
SO42- Deprivation Has an Early Effect on the Content of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Photosynthesis in Young Leaves of Wheat
Authors: Gilbert S. M. , Clarkson D. T. , Cambridge M. , Lambers H. , Hawkesford M. J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring) supplied with 0.45 mM SO42- for 14 d with relative growth rates (RGR) of 0.22 to 0.24 d-1 was deprived of S for 7 to 8 d. There was no significant effect on RGR or leaf development (leaf 2 length was constant; leaf 3 expanded for 2–4 d; leaf 4 emerged and elongated throughout the experiment) during the S deprivation. In controls the net assimilation rate (A) closely reflected leaf ontogeny. S deprivation affected A in all leaves, particularly leaf 4, in which A remained at 8 to 10 [mu]mol CO2 m-2 s-1, whereas in controls A rose steadily to &gt;20 [mu]mol CO2 m-2 s-1. In leaf 2, with a fully assembled photosynthetic system, A decreased in S-deprived plants relative to controls only at the end of the experiment. Effects on A were not due to altered stomatal conductance or leaf internal [CO2] ([C]i); decreases in the initial slope of A/[C]i curves indicated an effect of S deprivation on the carboxylase efficiency. Measurement of Rubisco activity and large subunit protein abundance paralleled effects on A and A/[C]i in S-deprived leaves. Negative effects on photosynthesis in S-deprived plants are discussed in relation to mobilization of S reserves, including Rubisco, emphasizing the need for continuous S supply during vegetative growth.
Forecasting potential emergence of zoonotic diseases in South‐East Asia: network analysis identifies key rodent hosts
Authors: Bordes Frédéric , Caron Alexandre , Blasdell Kim , de Garine‐Wichatitsky Michel , Morand Serge 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Within complex ecological systems, identifying animal species likely to play a key role in the emergence of infectious zoonotic diseases remains a major challenge. One approach consists of using information on current ecological and parasitological similarities among host species in order to predict the most likely pathways for future pathogen spillover.

Using field data acquired from 15 sympatric rodent species in various habitats in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos, we built networks based on shared parasites (17 helminth and 15 microparasite species) and shared habitats among rodent species and humans. We investigated the architectures of bipartite and unipartite networks using modularity, subgroups partitioning or node centrality, to assess the relative epidemiological importance of particular rodent species.

Our results showed that Rattus tanezumi, Bandicota savilei and R. exulans were consistently found to be members of subgroups that included humans in unipartite and bipartite networks on zoonotic agents and shared habitats. High values of centrality in shared zoonotic agents were found for the same three rodent species, whereas high values of shared habitats were observed for two of them. Although phylogenetically related rodent species likely shared both habitats and parasites, a lack of habitat specialization was associated with increased zoonotic parasite sharing.

Our results emphasize the disproportionate importance of these three rodent species, through their high degree of connectivity with humans, which may represent a high risk for direct zoonotic spillover. Moreover, due to its high centrality in habitats, R. tanezumi may also play a key role as a bridge host.

The recent discovery of new arenaviruses in rodents in South‐East Asia, with associated disease in humans in Cambodia, provides an opportunity to test this empirically. The three rodent species identified using our network approach are some of the potential maintenance hosts for these new emerging arenaviruses.

Synthesis and applications. Our results on rodents and their pathogens in South‐East Asia show that network analysis has a high potential to improve the surveillance of emerging zoonotic pathogens by targeting key host species and potential ‘emerging’ pathogen–rodent interactions in complex and heterogeneous landscapes.
High‐flow oxygen in patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Thomson David , Cowan Timothy , Loten Conrad , Botfield Christina , Holliday Elizabeth , Attia John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveHypoxia is a recognised complication of procedural sedation. This study sought to determine whether there was an association between the use of high‐flow oxygen delivery by a non‐rebreather (NRB) mask during ED procedural sedation and decreased rates of hypoxia when compared with alternative oxygenation methods.MethodsRecords of all procedural sedations performed over a 12 month period in an Australian tertiary ED were reviewed retrospectively. The primary outcome was whether recorded oxygen saturations fell below 90%. Specifics of the oxygen delivery method were noted and data collected included sex, age, indication for sedation, drugs and doses administered, time of day sedation was commenced and staff grade of sedationist.ResultsA total of 755 procedural sedations were reviewed. Two hundred and five (27.1%) patients were administered oxygen via NRB mask from the outset of their sedation. NRB administration was associated with a statistically significant decreased rate of hypoxia (1/205 patients vs 23/550 [odds ratio: 0.112; 95% confidence interval: 0.003–0.0702]; P = 0.0090). This association remained statistically significant when adjusted for confounders.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an association with a statistically significant reduction in hypoxia when high‐flow oxygen via NRB mask is administered during emergency procedural sedation. This intervention is simple, safe and inexpensive, and we would advocate that it be evaluated further in prospective trials.
A hydrophobic ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon of the Nitrosocosmicus clade isolated from coal tar‐contaminated sediment
Authors: Jung Man‐Young , Kim Jong‐Geol , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Rijpstra W. Irene C. , Madsen Eugene L. , Kim So‐Jeong , Hong Heeji , Si Ok‐Ja , Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa , Rhee Sung‐Keun 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA wide diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) within the phylum Thaumarchaeota exists and plays a key role in the N cycle in a variety of habitats. In this study, we isolated and characterized an ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon, strain MY3, from a coal tar‐contaminated sediment. Phylogenetically, strain MY3 falls in clade ‘Nitrosocosmicus’ of the thaumarchaeotal group I.1b. The cells of strain MY3 are large ‘walnut‐like’ cocci, divide by binary fission along a central cingulum, and form aggregates. Strain MY3 is mesophilic and neutrophilic. An assay of 13C‐bicarbonate incorporation into archaeal membrane lipids indicated that strain MY3 is capable of autotrophy. In contrast to some other AOA, TCA cycle intermediates, i.e. pruvate, oxaloacetate and α‐ketoglutarate, did not affect the growth rates and yields of strain MY3. The attachment of cells of strain MY3 to XAD‐7 hydrophobic beads and to the adsorbent vermiculite demonstrated the potential of strain MY3 to form biofilms. The cell surface was confirmed to be hydrophobic by the extraction of strain MY3 from an aqueous medium with p‐xylene. Our finding of a strong potential for surface attachment by strain MY3 may reflect an adaptation to the selective pressures in hydrophobic terrestrial environments.
The sensitivity of the credit default swap market to financial analysts’ forecast revisions
Authors: Alam Pervaiz , Pu Xiaoling , Hettler Barry 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine the impact of analysts’ earnings per share (EPS) and cash flow per share (CPS) forecast revisions on the market for credit default swaps. We find that while the issuance of both EPS and CPS forecast revisions are inversely associated with changes in credit default swap (CDS) spreads, cash flow forecast revisions have a larger effect. We demonstrate that the relationship between CPS forecast revisions and CDS spreads tends to be stronger in cases of financial distress. We provide evidence that cash flow forecasts dominate earnings forecasts in some situations and that participants in the CDS market discriminate between analysts' forecast revisions and recommendation changes.
Unsung renal receptors: orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptors play essential roles in renal development and homeostasis
Authors: Rajkumar P. , Pluznick J. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent studies have shown that orphan GPCRs of the GPR family are utilized as specialized chemosensors in various tissues to detect metabolites, and in turn to activate downstream pathways which regulate systemic homeostasis. These studies often find that such metabolites are generated by well‐known metabolic pathways, implying that known metabolites and chemicals may perform novel functions. In this review, we summarize recent findings highlighting the role of deorphanized GPRs in renal development and function. Understanding the role of these receptors is critical in gaining insights into mechanisms that regulate renal function both in health and in disease.
Robot‐assisted approach improves surgical outcomes in obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy
Authors: Malkoc Ercan , Maurice Matthew J. , Kara Onder , Ramirez Daniel , Nelson Ryan J. , Caputo Peter A. , Mouracade Pascal , Stein Robert , Kaouk Jihad H. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of approach on surgical outcomes in otherwise healthy obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for small renal masses.Patients and MethodsUsing our institutional partial nephrectomy database, we abstracted data on otherwise healthy (Charlson comorbidity score ≤1 and bilateral kidneys), obese patients (body mass index >30 kg/m2) with small renal masses (<4 cm) treated between 2011 and 2015. The primary outcomes were intra‐operative transfusion, operating time, length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative complications. The association between approach, open (OPN) vs robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), and outcomes was assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Covariates included age, gender, obesity severity, tumour size and tumour complexity.ResultsOf 237 obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy, 25% underwent OPN and 75% underwent RAPN. Apart from larger tumour size in the OPN group (2.8 vs 2.5 cm; P = 0.02), there was no significant difference between groups. The rate of intra‐operative blood transfusion (1.1 vs 10%; P = 0.01), the median operating time (180 vs 207 min; P < 0.01) and the median ischaemia time (19.5 vs 27 min; P < 0.01) were all greater for OPN. The LOS was significantly shorter for RAPN (3 vs 4 days; P < 0.01). While the overall complication rate was higher for OPN (15.8 vs 31.7%; P < 0.01), major complications were not significantly different (5.6 vs 1.7%; P = 0.20). On multivariable analyses, OPN independently predicted longer operating time, longer length of stay, and more overall complications.ConclusionsAt a high‐volume centre, the robot‐assisted approach offers less blood transfusion, shorter operating time, faster recovery, and fewer peri‐operative complications compared with the open approach in obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for small renal masses. In this setting, RAPN may be a preferable treatment option.
The luminescence dating chronology of a deep core from Bosten Lake (NWChina) in arid central Asia reveals lake evolution over the last 220 ka
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Duan Yanwu , Huang Xiaozhong , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter , Peng Wei , Madsen David B. , Rao Zhiguo , She Linlin , Xie Haichao , Chen Jianhui , Chen Fahu 
Published: October 2016

The lacustrine deposits of lakes in arid central Asia (ACA) potentially record palaeoclimatic changes on orbital and suborbital time scales, but such changes are still poorly understood due to the lack of reliable chronologies. Bosten Lake, the largest freshwater inland lake in China, is located in the southern Tianshan Mountains in centralACA. A 51.6‐m‐deep lacustrine succession was retrieved from the lake and 30 samples from the succession were used for luminescence dating to establish a chronology based on multi‐grain quartzOSLand K‐feldspar post‐IR IRSL(pIRIR290) dating. QuartzOSLages were only used for samples from the upper part of the core. The K‐feldspar luminescence characteristics (dose recovery test, anomalous fading test, firstIRstimulation temperature plateau test) are satisfactory and from the relationship amongst the quartzOSL,IR50andpIRIR290doses we infer that the feldspar signals are likely to be well bleached at deposition. Bacon age‐depth modelling was used to derive a chronology spanning the lastc. 220 ka. The chronology, lithology and grain‐size proxy record indicate that Bosten Lake formed at leastc. 220 ka ago and that lake levels fluctuated frequently thereafter. A stable deep lake occurred atc. 220, 210–180,c. 165, 70–60, 40–30 and 20–5 ka, while shallow levels occurred atc. 215, 180–165, 100–70, 60–40 and 30–20 ka. Bosten Lake levels decreased by at least ~29 m and possibly the lake even dried up betweenc. 160 andc. 100 ka. We suggest that the water‐level fluctuations in the lakes of ACA may not respond directly to climatic changes and may be affected by a number of complex factors.
Association of hepcidin‐25 with survival after kidney transplantation
Authors: Eisenga Michele F. , Dullaart Robin P. F. , Berger Stefan P. , Sloan John H. , de Vries Aiko P. J. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Gaillard Carlo A. J. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundHepcidin is considered the master regulator of iron homoeostasis. Novel hepcidin antagonists have recently been introduced as potential treatment for iron‐restricted anaemia. Meanwhile, serum hepcidin has been shown to be positively associated with cardiovascular disease and inversely with acute kidney injury. These properties may lead to contrasting effects, especially in renal transplant recipients (RTR), which are prone to cardiovascular diseases and graft failure. To date, the role of serum hepcidin in RTR is unknown. We, therefore, prospectively determined the association of serum hepcidin with risk of graft failure, cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality in RTR.Materials and methodsSerum hepcidin was assessed in an extensively phenotyped RTR cohort by dual‐monoclonal sandwich ELISA specific immunoassay. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate linear regression followed by stepwise backward linear regression. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine prospective associations.ResultsWe included 561 RTR (age 51 ± 12 years). Mean haemoglobin (Hb) was 8·6 ± 1·0 mM. Median [IQR] serum hepcidin was 7·2 [3·2–13·4] ng/mL. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 47 ± 16 mL/min/1·73 m2. In univariate Cox regression analyses, serum hepcidin was not associated with risk of graft failure, cardiovascular mortality or all‐cause mortality. Notably, after adjustment for high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and ferritin, serum hepcidin became negatively associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 0·89; 95% confidence interval 0·80–0·99, P = 0·03).ConclusionsIn this study, we did not find an association between serum hepcidin and outcomes, that is graft failure, cardiovascular mortality or all‐cause mortality. Based on our results, it is questionable whether serum hepcidin may be used to predict a beneficial effect of hepcidin antagonists.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament and tau correlate with brain atrophy in natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mellergård J. , Tisell A. , Blystad I. , Grönqvist A. , Blennow K. , Olsson B. , Dahle C. , Vrethem M. , Lundberg P. , Ernerudh J. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeBrain atrophy is related to clinical deterioration in multiple sclerosis (MS) but its association with intrathecal markers of inflammation or neurodegeneration is unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation or neurodegeneration are associated with brain volume change in natalizumab‐treated MS and whether this change is reflected in non‐lesional white matter metabolites.MethodsAbout 25 patients with natalizumab‐treated MS were followed for 3 years with assessment of percentage brain volume change (PBVC) and absolute quantification of metabolites with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Analyses of inflammatory [interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, C‐X‐C motif chemokine 8 (CXCL8), CXCL10, CXCL11, C‐C motif chemokine 22] and neurodegenerative [neurofilament light protein (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, tau proteins] markers were done at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe mean decline in PBVC was 3% at the 3‐year follow‐up, although mean 1H MRS metabolite levels in non‐lesional white matter were unchanged. CSF levels of NFL and tau at baseline correlated negatively with PBVC over 3 years (r = −0.564, P = 0.012, and r = −0.592, P = 0.010, respectively).ConclusionsA significant 3‐year whole‐brain atrophy was not reflected in mean metabolite change of non‐lesional white matter. In addition, our results suggest that CSF levels of NFL and tau correlate with brain atrophy development and may be used for evaluating treatment response in inflammatory active MS.
Computed tomographic diagnosis: Traumatic lingual process fracture and surgical resection
Authors: Rohwerder B. , Buss A. , Boening K. J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA 9‐year‐old mare was presented with abnormal behaviour and head‐shaking when ridden. Pathology of the hyoid apparatus was suspected and computed tomographic (CT) examination of the head was suggested. Computed tomographic images revealed a fractured lingual process (LP) of the basihyoid bone. Surgical resection of the fractured LP was performed. The mare recovered uneventfully and symptoms improved 10 weeks post‐operatively.
Effect of soil pH on the degradation of silicate glasses
Authors: Palomar Teresa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the research on the physical‐chemical response of silicate glasses subjected to the action of three natural soils types: acidic, neutral, and basic. The main goal of the study was to characterize the corrosion mechanisms acting upon glasses formulated with chemical compositions that are commonly found in historical glasses through an accelerated aging test that replicates natural burial. Resulting data showed a distinct and recognizable response of each glass type, with pH as the key variable for glass corrosion. Results can be of great significance to historical glass studies, especially in choosing suitable conservation strategies for archeological findings.