bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing patient-reported outcome measurement equivalence in multinational clinical trials: An exemplar using the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale
Authors: Dib Hussein , Tamam Yusuf , Terzi Murat , Hobart Jeremy 
Published: September 2017

Background Although multinational clinical trials frequently use patient-reported outcomes to measure efficacy, measurement equivalence across cultures and languages, a scientific requirement, is rarely tested. Clinically accessible accounts are rare; exemplars are needed. Objective To develop and test a Turkish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12v2) as a clinical exemplar for examining measurement equivalence. Methods The MSWS-12v2 Turkish (MSWS-12v2T) was developed using recognised methods for linguistic equivalence. Rasch measurement theory was used to examine measurement performance (multiple tests of targeting, scale performance, and person measurement) and measurement equivalence (differential item functioning). UK data ( n = 3310) were used for comparisons and differential item functioning testing. Results One hundred and twenty-four people from two Turkish centres completed the MSWS-12v2T. Rasch measurement theory evidence supported MSWS-12v2T as reliable (person separation = 0.96) and valid (thresholds ordered; no concerning item misfit, bias, or person misfit). However, four items demonstrated significantly different performance between UK and Turkish samples. These item differences significantly affected scores (person measurements) at the group-level ( p < 0.001). Individual person differences were less pronounced. Conclusions Linguistic equivalence does not guarantee measurement equivalence; independent testing is required. Rasch measurement theory enables sophisticated and unique examinations of cross-cultural measurement equivalence and we recommend this be tested routinely in pivotal multiple sclerosis clinical trials.
Diagnostic accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an international case–cohort study
Authors: Walsh Simon L.F. , Maher Toby M. , Kolb Martin , Poletti Venerino , Nusser Richard , Richeldi Luca , Vancheri Carlo , Wilsher Margaret L. , Antoniou Katerina M. , Behr Jüergen , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Brown Kevin , Calandriello Lucio , Corte Tamera J. , Cottin Vincent , Crestani Bruno , Flaherty Kevin , Glaspole Ian , Grutters Jan , Inoue Yoshikazu , Kokosi Maria , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Kouranos Vasileios , Kreuter Michael , Johannson Kerri , Judge Eoin , Ley Brett , Margaritopoulos George , Martinez Fernando J. , Molina-Molina Maria , Morais António , Nunes Hilario , Raghu Ganesh , Ryerson Christopher J. , Selman Moises , Spagnolo Paolo , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Tomassetti Sara , Valeyre Dominique , Wijsenbeek Marlies , Wuyts Wim , Hansell David , Wells Athol 
Published: September 2017

We conducted an international study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis among a large group of physicians and compared their diagnostic performance to a panel of IPF experts.A total of 1141 respiratory physicians and 34 IPF experts participated. Participants evaluated 60 cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD) without interdisciplinary consultation. Diagnostic agreement was measured using the weighted kappa coefficient (κw). Prognostic discrimination between IPF and other ILDs was used to validate diagnostic accuracy for first-choice diagnoses of IPF and were compared using the C-index.A total of 404 physicians completed the study. Agreement for IPF diagnosis was higher among expert physicians (κw=0.65, IQR 0.53–0.72, p<0.0001) than academic physicians (κw=0.56, IQR 0.45–0.65, p<0.0001) or physicians with access to multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings (κw=0.54, IQR 0.45–0.64, p<0.0001). The prognostic accuracy of academic physicians with >20 years of experience (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.0–0.73, p=0.229) and non-university hospital physicians with more than 20 years of experience, attending weekly MDT meetings (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.70–0.72, p=0.052), did not differ significantly (p=0.229 and p=0.052 respectively) from the expert panel (C-index=0.74 IQR 0.72–0.75).Experienced respiratory physicians at university-based institutions diagnose IPF with similar prognostic accuracy to IPF experts. Regular MDT meeting attendance improves the prognostic accuracy of experienced non-university practitioners to levels achieved by IPF experts.
Adaptive servo ventilation for central sleep apnoea in heart failure: SERVE-HF on-treatment analysis
Authors: Woehrle Holger , Cowie Martin R. , Eulenburg Christine , Suling Anna , Angermann Christiane , d'Ortho Marie-Pia , Erdmann Erland , Levy Patrick , Simonds Anita K. , Somers Virend K. , Zannad Faiez , Teschler Helmut , Wegscheider Karl 
Published: September 2017

This on-treatment analysis was conducted to facilitate understanding of mechanisms underlying the increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and predominant central sleep apnoea randomised to adaptive servo ventilationversusthe control group in the SERVE-HF trial.Time-dependent on-treatment analyses were conducted (unadjusted and adjusted for predictive covariates). A comprehensive, time-dependent model was developed to correct for asymmetric selection effects (to minimise bias).The comprehensive model showed increased cardiovascular death hazard ratios during adaptive servo ventilation usage periods, slightly lower than those in the SERVE-HF intention-to-treat analysis. Self-selection bias was evident. Patients randomised to adaptive servo ventilation who crossed over to the control group were at higher risk of cardiovascular death than controls, while control patients with crossover to adaptive servo ventilation showed a trend towards lower risk of cardiovascular death than patients randomised to adaptive servo ventilation. Cardiovascular risk did not increase as nightly adaptive servo ventilation usage increased.On-treatment analysis showed similar results to the SERVE-HF intention-to-treat analysis, with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients with predominant central sleep apnoea treated with adaptive servo ventilation. Bias is inevitable and needs to be taken into account in any kind of on-treatment analysis in positive airway pressure studies.
Respiratory research networks in Europe and beyond: aims, achievements and aspirations for the 21st century
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Zampieri Fernando , Povoa Pedro , Ranzani Otavio , Bos Lieuwe D. , Aliberti Stefano , Torres Antoni 
Published: September 2017

Healthcare-associated infection, such as intensive care unit (ICU)-related respiratory infections, remain the most frequently encountered morbidity of ICU admission, prolonging hospital stay and increasing mortality rates. The epidemiology of ICU-related respiratory infections, particularly nonventilated ICU-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, appears to be quite different among different countries. European countries have different prevalence, patterns and mechanism of resistance, as well as different treatments chosen by different attending physicians. The classical clinical research process in respiratory infections consists of the following loop: 1) identification of knowledge gaps; 2) systematic review and search for adequate answers; 3) generation of study hypotheses; 4) design of study protocols; 5) collection clinical data; 6) analysis and interpretation of the results; and 7) implementation of the results in clinical practice.
Patient participation in ERS guidelines and research projects: the EMBARC experience
Authors: Chalmers James D. , Timothy Alan , Polverino Eva , Almagro Marta , Ruddy Thomas , Powell Pippa , Boyd Jeanette 
Published: September 2017

The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) is a European Respiratory Society (ERS) Clinical Research Collaboration dedicated to improving research and clinical care for people with bronchiectasis. EMBARC has created a European Bronchiectasis Registry, funded by the ERS and by the European Union (EU) Innovative Medicines Initiative Programme.From the outset, EMBARC had the ambition to be a patient-focussed project. In contrast to many respiratory diseases, however, there are no specific patient charities or European patient organisations for patients with bronchiectasis and no existing infrastructure for patient engagement. This article describes the experience of EMBARC and the European Lung Foundation in establishing a patient advisory group and then engaging this group in European guidelines, an international registry and a series of research studies.Patient involvement in research, clinical guidelines and educational activities is increasingly advocated and increasingly important. Genuine patient engagement can achieve a number of goals that are critical to the success of an EU project, including focussing activities on patient priorities, allowing patients to direct the clinical and research agenda, and dissemination of guidelines and research findings to patients and the general public. Here, we review lessons learned and provide guidance for future ERS task forces, EU-funded projects or clinical research collaborations that are considering patient involvement.Educational aimsTo understand the different ways in which patients can contribute to clinical guidelines, research projects and educational activities.To understand the barriers and potential solutions to these barriers from a physician’s perspective, in order to ensure meaningful patient involvement in clinical projects.To understand the barriers and potential solutions from a patient’s perspective, in order to meaningfully involve patients in clinical projects.
Why sex is important: Background for helping patients with their sexual lives
Authors: Levine Stephen B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTherapy for sexual problems is not solely based on findings from scientific studies; much of it has to do with intuitive knowledge that comes from personal and clinical experience. The author suggests that an ideal way to begin education about helping with patients' sexual identity, sexual function and relational concerns is to consider why sex is important. Answering this question illuminates the subtle roles sexual behaviour play in our lives. These roles are explained by providing clinically based responses to twelve questions: How are adults nurtured in sexual relationships? How is psychological intimacy created? What is learnt over time through sex? What accounts for the pleasures of sex? Why is sex important? Why is sexual experience unstable? What is a couple's sexual equilibrium? What is sensuality? Is a life of sexual pleasure possible? What is sexual health? What are the sources of distress about sex? How do these concepts facilitate therapy?Learning Objectives• Understand how nurturance is maintained in adult sexual relationships over the life cycle• Specify the roles that a satisfying sexual life plays within individuals' private subjective lives• Conceptualise the psychological and interpersonal accomplishment represented by the maintenance of evolving sexual activity throughout life
Evaluation of the Augmented Infant Resuscitator: A Monitoring Device for Neonatal Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitation
Authors: Bennett Desmond J. , Itagaki Taiga , Chenelle Christopher T. , Bittner Edward A. , Kacmarek Robert M. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Annually, 6 million newborns require bag-valve-mask resuscitation, and providing live feedback has the potential to improve the quality of resuscitation. The Augmented Infant Resuscitator (AIR), a real-time feedback device, has been designed to identify leaks, obstructions, and inappropriate breath rates during bag-valve-mask resuscitation. However, its function has not been evaluated.

METHODS:
The resistance of the AIR was measured by attaching it between a ventilator and a ventilator tester. To test the device’s reliability in training and clinical-use settings, it was placed in-line between a ventilation bag or ventilator and a neonatal manikin and a clinical lung model simulator. The lung model simulator simulated neonates of 3 sizes (2, 4, and 6 kg). Leaks, obstructions, and respiratory rate alterations were introduced.

RESULTS:
At a flow of 5 L/min, the pressure drop across the AIR was only 0.38 cm H2O, and the device had almost no effect on ventilator breath parameters. During the manikin trials, it was able to detect all leaks and obstructions, correctly displaying an alarm 100% of the time. During the simulated clinical trials, the AIR performed best on the 6-kg neonatal model, followed by the 4-kg model, and finally the 2-kg model. Over all 3 clinical models, the prototype displayed the correct indicator 73.5% of the time, and when doing so, took 1.6 ± 0.9 seconds.

CONCLUSIONS:
The AIR is a promising innovation that has the potential to improve neonatal resuscitation. It introduces only marginal resistance and performs well on neonatal manikins, but its firmware should be improved before clinical use.
Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellows’ Perception of Quality of Attending Supervision and Medical Errors
Authors: Benzon Hubert A. , Hajduk John , De Oliveira Gildasio , Suresh Santhanam , Nizamuddin Sarah L. , McCarthy Robert , Jagannathan Narasimhan 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Appropriate supervision has been shown to reduce medical errors in anesthesiology residents and other trainees across various specialties. Nonetheless, supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellows has yet to be evaluated. The main objective of this survey investigation was to evaluate supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellows in the United States. We hypothesized that there was an indirect association between perceived quality of faculty supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellow trainees and the frequency of medical errors reported.

METHODS:
A survey of pediatric fellows from 53 pediatric anesthesiology fellowship programs in the United States was performed. The primary outcome was the frequency of self-reported errors by fellows, and the primary independent variable was supervision scores. Questions also assessed barriers for effective faculty supervision.

RESULTS:
One hundred seventy-six pediatric anesthesiology fellows were invited to participate, and 104 (59%) responded to the survey. Nine of 103 (9%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4%–16%) respondents reported performing procedures, on >1 occasion, for which they were not properly trained for. Thirteen of 101 (13%, 95% CI, 7%–21%) reported making >1 mistake with negative consequence to patients, and 23 of 104 (22%, 95% CI, 15%–31%) reported >1 medication error in the last year. There were no differences in median (interquartile range) supervision scores between fellows who reported >1 medication error compared to those reporting ≤1 errors (3.4 [3.0–3.7] vs 3.4 [3.1–3.7]; median difference, 0; 99% CI, −0.3 to 0.3; P = .96). Similarly, there were no differences in those who reported >1 mistake with negative patient consequences, 3.3 (3.0–3.7), compared with those who did not report mistakes with negative patient consequences (3.4 [3.3–3.7]; median difference, 0.1; 99% CI, −0.2 to 0.6; P = .35).

CONCLUSIONS:
We detected a high rate of self-reported medication errors in pediatric anesthesiology fellows in the United States. Interestingly, fellows’ perception of quality of faculty supervision was not associated with the frequency of reported errors. The current results with a narrow CI suggest the need to evaluate other potential factors that can be associated with the high frequency of reported errors by pediatric fellows (eg, fatigue, burnout). The identification of factors that lead to medical errors by pediatric anesthesiology fellows should be a main research priority to improve both trainee education and best practices of pediatric anesthesia.
Case Article—Tactical Decisions at Vastrapur Car Rental Services
Authors: Rajan Balaraman , Ravichandran N 
Published: September 2017

Vastrapur Car Rental Services operating in Ahmedabad, Gujarat State, India offers five different options to its rental customers. Each option has a usage agreement (limits on mileage and duration) and rental rate and some customers exceed these limits. The central theme of the case is to compute the average profitability in the context of limited fleet size, uncertainty related to number and type of customer requests, and variability in the utilization of vehicles. In addition, the case provides an opportunity to discuss situations like negotiating wages, outsourcing vehicles on a need basis, and subscribing capacity to an integrator (an online platform linking the supply and the demand sides). The case was given to MBA students in a core probability course and a core decision sciences course. The discussion can span over one or two classes depending on the students' background and nature of the course. The case helps students apply different concepts in probability (including random variables and expected value) to analyze a real-life managerial situation. When resolved appropriately, it demonstrates the power of simple probabilistic tools in addressing managerial challenges. The case is amenable for a simulation based analysis to study the interplay between demand variability (quantity and mix) and economic consequences in multiple scenarios. Supplemental Material: The teaching note is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Surgical emphysema following third molar extraction in a patient with gilles de la tourette's syndrome
Authors: Fuller Jennifer , Patel Nirmal , Collin John 
Published: September 2017

Surgical emphysema is a rare complication of dental surgery, usually associated with the inappropriate use of an air turbine drill. We present a case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax following surgical removal of a lower third molar tooth. This appears to have arisen due to motor tics associated with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. The clinical features and management are outlined and the current literature pertaining to surgical emphysema related to oral surgery is reviewed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important that clinicians are made aware of the potential complications that can occur following surgical removal of teeth and the appropriate management should they arise.
Post-transplant kaposi's sarcoma: an unusual presentation and review of clinical presentation, histology and management
Authors: Whitehouse Laura , Pring Miranda , Przemioslo Robert , Staines Konrad S 
Published: September 2017

Abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma is an uncommon, vascular neoplasm associated with Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8). An unusual case of PT-KS, presenting with pain from bilateral macular lesions on the palate, is discussed. As far as the authors are aware, this is the only reported case of a macular post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma initially presenting with pain. The diagnosis, clinical presentation and histology are discussed, and an update on the oral presentation and management of post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma is provided. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm found in post-transplant patients that can present intra-orally, and needs to be identified early to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
Parents' Experiences in Educational Decision Making for Children and Youth With Disabilities
Authors: Love Hailey R. , Zagona Alison L. , Kurth Jennifer A. , Miller Amanda L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Families should be an active part of educational decision making for their children, and they can be particularly influential in advocating for inclusion for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Yet, significant research has shown that parents do not feel schools effectively collaborate with them. We interviewed 19 parents of children with disabilities to investigate the ways they were included and excluded from educational decision making and how they decided on their children's placement and services. Five themes emerged: parents' exclusion from decision making, parents' independent efforts to shape their children's educational services, parents' decisions as a result of school and district factors, parents' role changes to direct their children's education, and discrepancies between beliefs and experiences of inclusion. Parents' responses indicate that specific school structures and institutionalized procedures may regularly exclude parents from decision making. Results have implications for parent-professional partnership during decision making for students with disabilities and personnel preparation.
Mathematics: I don't like it! I like it! Very much, a little, not at all... Social support and emotions in students from 2nd and 3rd cycles of education
Authors: Monteiro Vera , Peixoto Francisco , Mata Lourdes , Sanches Cristina 
Published: September 2017

This research analyses achievement emotions and their relationship to perceived classroom support (teacher and peers) as well as the effects of grade, achievement and gender on emotions in a specific subject domain: mathematics. The participants were 1,494 Portuguese students from the sixth and eighth grades who were asked about their perceptions of teacher and peer support and their achievement emotions towards mathematics (Boredom, Hopelessness, Anger, Anxiety, Enjoyment, Pride and Relief) in two different settings (classroom and test). Results provide empirical evidence that student perceptions of classroom support were positively related to positive activating emotions and negatively related to negative emotions. Furthermore students with higher mathematics grades were found to have higher scores in positive emotions and lower scores in negative emotions in both classroom and test situations. A decrease in positive emotions and an increase of negative emotions in older students were also found. In regard to gender the analysis highlighted that positive class emotions were not significantly different, and show a significant effect on Anxiety with girls achieving higher scores than boys. In the test situation gender had a significant effect on Hopelessness, Anxiety and Relief, with girls showing higher scores than boys. For positive test emotions boys reported more Enjoyment and Pride than girls.
Efeitos individuais e familiares em crimes: Abuso sexual, violência conjugal e homicídio
Authors: Lopes Rita Freire , Gouveia-Pereira Maria 
Published: September 2017

Entre as diversas explicações sobre a carreira delinquente a família ocupa um lugar de eleição (Born, 2005). Apesar da literatura nos indicar que a família assume um papel crucial, existem outros autores (e.g. Mayer & Salovey, 1997), que evidenciam que a falta de aprendizagem de um repertório emocional adequado, nomeadamente a inteligência emocional, pode, por vezes, estar associada à origem do comportamento delinquente. A Teoria Geral do Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), pretende explicar que o autocontrolo é a variável central do comportamento delinquente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o funcionamento familiar (rácio total, coesão e flexibilidade), o autocontrolo e a inteligência emocional em sujeitos condenados pelos crimes de abuso sexual, violência doméstica e homicídio. Participaram 92 sujeitos, reclusos, do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 73 anos de idade. Mediante os resultados constatamos que os participantes têm uma percepção semelhante da forma como se organizam as suas famílias, excepto na comunicação, onde os abusadores sexuais apresentam indicadores comunicativos inferiores. Ao nível da expressão emocional e da capacidade para lidar com as emoções também, foram encontradas diferenças significativas, sendo os abusadores sexuais a apresentarem maiores défices emocionais. No autocontrolo, foram igualmente os abusadores sexuais a apresentarem maiores níveis de autocontrolo. Limitações e implicações práticas e teóricas deste estudo são discutidas com base na literatura.