bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Multi-Scale Thermo-Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method to Analyze Plastic Deformation of Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Kashiwagi Sayuki , Tomita Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Toshihiko , Yamamoto Koji , Morita Yusuke , Nakamachi Eiji 
Published: January 2018

To clarify the deformation induced crystal texture evolution of rolled and drawn magnesium alloy sheets with strong basal texture, we developed a multi-scale finite element (FE) analysis code based on the homogenization theory, which combines the microscopic poly-crystal structure and the macroscopic continuum.
In our crystal plasticity constitutive equation of magnesium alloys, the plastic work induced temperature rise and twinning in the crystal slip systems was implemented into our multi-scale FE analysis code. To validate our numerical code to correctly predict macro and micro deformations including the crystal texture evolution, the tension and compression along normal direction (ND) and rolling direction (RD) at the room temperature 300K and the high temperature 673K were numerically investigated.
It is confirmed that numerical results showed the similar tendency to experimentally obtained results including the strengthening the basal texuture in compression along ND, the twinning, the polarity of twinning and the temperature-dependency that twinning is hardly appear at high temperature. Finaly, we concluded that our numerical code can predict the plastic strain induced texture evolution of magnesium alloys.
Utilizing the Generic Design Analysis (GDA) Process Model Within an Extended Set of Design Analysis Contexts
Authors: Eriksson Martin , Petersson Håkan , Motte Damien , Bjärnemo Robert 
Published: January 2018

In most industrial product development projects, computer-based design analysis, or simply design analysis, is frequently utilized. Several design analysis process models exist in the literature for the planning, execution and follow-up of such design analysis tasks. Most of these process models deal explicitly with design analysis tasks within two specific contexts: the context of design evaluation, and the context of design optimization. There are, however, several more contexts within which design analysis tasks are executed. Originating from industrial practice, four contexts were found to represent a significant part of all design analysis tasks in industry. These are:
1. Explorative analysis, aiming at the determination of important design parameters associated with an existing or predefined design solution (of which design optimization is a part).
2. Evaluation, aiming at giving quantitative information on specific design parameters in support of further design decisions.
3. Physical testing, aiming at validating design analysis models through physical testing, that is, determining the degree to which models are accurate representations of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the models.
4. Method development, that is the development, verification and validation of specific guidelines, procedures or templates for the design analyst and/or the engineering designer to follow when performing a design analysis task.
A design analysis process model needs to be able to deal with at least these four. In this work, a process model named the generic design analysis (GDA) process model, is applied to these four contexts. The principles for the adaptation of the GDA process model to different contexts are described. The use of the GDA process model in these contexts is exemplified with industrial cases: explorative analysis of design parameters of a bumper beam system, the final physical acceptance tests of a device transportation system (collision test, drop test, vibration test), and the method development of a template for analyzing a valve in a combustion engine. The “Evaluation” context is not exemplified as it is the most common one in industry.
The GDA process model has been successfully used for the four contexts. Using the adaptation principles and industrial cases, the adaptation of the GDA process model to additional contexts is also possible.
Automotive Premium Quality Improvement by High-End-Visualization
Authors: Striegel Serena , Schleich Benjamin , Zielinski Daniel , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: January 2018

Volatile markets, tough customer expectations, and short product life cycles are just some of the challenges the automotive industry has to deal with. In this context, important quality features are expressed as key product characteristics (KPC). The process of defining and reviewing such KPCs concerns each department of an automobile company.
This paper presents a method for an intersubjective problem understanding of inter-divisional working groups and a common product KPC’s definition. The scientific contribution lies in the field of quality assessment for the premium-segment automotive industry, while the novelty can be found in providing the opportunity to take quality decisions based on variation simulations and on high-end-visualizations. The proposed method aims to realize and implement a higher premium quality standard and, at the same time, to reduce the number of physical prototypes, to shorten development times and to facilitate an intersubjective problem understanding. In relation to the developed method, an industrial application and its results are presented.
Cyber Integrated Metrology, Learning and Evaluation System: An Approach Towards Smart Factories
Authors: Helgoson Martin , Westlin Pontus , Kalhori Vahid 
Published: January 2018

Manufacturing processes has seen constant change in the last decades to remain a central element of global wealth and development. Despite large efforts to increase efficiency, still significant sources of waste during manufacturing execution exist. These are mainly based on poor manufacturability, inefficient processes and low machine utilization.
The digital transformation towards “smart factories” will however enable development of new types of methods and technologies that will support advanced automation, resource efficiency and further improvements towards Lean Manufacturing processes.
This paper presents an approach for integrated evaluation of errors introduced from process planning to machined component. Critical parameters, influencing and interrelated factors, nominal value deviations from successive process steps and real-time machining are analyzed in one common cyber-physical model. This will in turn enable analyses of root-causes and serve as basis for process feedback, quality assurance and machine learning.
The focus in this paper is to describe the architecture of the Cyber Integrated Metrology, Learning and Evaluation System (CIMLES) approach and results from proof of concept demonstrators for 3- and 5-axis machining, developed in order to evaluate and verify various subsystems of the approach.
Modular Design of Data-Driven Analytics Models in Smart-Product Development
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Roy Utpal , Saltz Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2018

Data-driven analytics models have been built as critical components of a smart product to enable product autonomy and intelligence. Due in part to the dynamic nature of the machine-learning algorithms used in data-driven analytics models, the configuration of a smart product is frequently refined, often in a real-time context. Hence, a smart product requires a continuous evolution of its architecture.
This paper proposes a systematic method to facilitate the modularization of an analytics model architecture, so that a modular smart-product architecture can be achieved. Productizing an analytics model transforms conventional task-oriented data analytics activities into a data product development process. Issues related to the standardization of analytics models, the modular design approaches, the modularity quantification, and their impacts on the overall smart product design, are discussed. The proposed method is applied to an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) design so that a modular UAS architecture can be configured for various mission applications.
Mechanical Assessment of Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Using a Zero-Profile Construct: A Computational Study
Authors: Uddin Ahsan , Alshareef Mohammed , Ferdous Jahid , Lowe Stephen , Shazly Tarek 
Published: January 2018

Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure typically utilized in cervical spine disc herniation to alleviate spinal cord compression. There have been several implants used in ACDF surgeries [6,11]. Common implants include standalone cages that insert in the intervertebral space (zero-profile) and cages with an anterior cervical plate and screws that connects the adjacent vertebral bodies. The anterior cervical plate and screw placement has been the preferred method due to increase in fusion rate, reduced graft subsidence, and overall improved lordotic alignment [1]. Multiple studies have shown that standalone cages like the zero-profile result in higher incidence of failure and cage subsidence [16, 17, 18, 10, 19, 20]. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical stress induced by a zero-profile construct throughout the spine as a means to understand device risk and predict mechanical failure.
There are specific levels within the cervical spine that fail more often if adjacent levels are fused. When the level above the construct fails, it tends to be a process of subsidence and collapses of the above vertebral body onto the construct. This can be due to poor bone quality, or failure of bone growth to induce bony fusion between the two levels adjacent to the construct. Conversely, levels below the construct do not subside, but have an increased chance for disc herniation, requiring re-operation and extension of the fusion. The interaction of these levels and implanted cages remains poorly understood from a mechanical standpoint, and even less so in instances of multilevel ACDF [2].
Our computational model geometry included a zero-profile construct placed at a single level, followed by the application of physiological loading to the vertebral column. Parametric studies that probe various load magnitudes predict that resultant stress fields are concentrated at the level above the construct. High stresses immediately above the construct suggest an increased likelihood for subsidence in comparison to the levels below, which is in concert with clinical findings. Interestingly, the levels below the contrast experienced minimal stress shielding in comparison to referent normal simulations. Additional studies examined multidirectional forces that mimic flexion and extension of the cervical spine, with qualitatively similar findings of elevated stress above the construct. This model enables mechanical assessment of cervical spine instrumentation and provides a framework for understanding multilevel ACDF and predicting the performance of new cages/approaches to stabilize the spine.
Development of a Methodology for Paint Dust Waste Energetic Valorization Through RDF Production
Authors: Vilarinho Cândida , Ribeiro André , Carvalho Joana , Araújo Jorge , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Teixeira José 
Published: January 2018

Industrial activity of aluminum surface coating, namely by electrostatic painting with a polyester powder based resin, generates a significant array of wastes. Among these wastes, paint dust is classified as 08 01 12 on the European List of Wastes. As consequence of the inexistence of adequate treatment routes for its correct management, this waste is currently landfilled, without any energy and / or material recovery. Therefore, the development of proper waste management technologies in line with the environmental policies is imperative in order to improve the industrial competitiveness and to preserve the natural resources.
In the present work, RDFs (Refused Derived Fuel) were produced, as pellets, for energetic valorization. These experimental RDF pellets were manufactured by mixing the industrial paint dust with sawdust (1.5 and 3%) and with paperboard (1.5%). They were subsequently tested on a purpose built experimental boiler and the combustion efficiency was assessed in terms of gaseous emissions and chemical composition of the bottom and fly ashes.
The paint dust waste was delivered by a local surface treatment company and characterized concerning chemical, physical and eco toxicological properties, proving to be rich in Carbon (50.2%) and Hydrogen (4.73%). The obtained RDFs were characterized for mechanical durability, elemental and chemical analysis, bulk density and lower heating value. Results show that the utmost lower heating value (19670 kJ/kg) was obtained for the maximum incorporation content of paint dust waste tested (3%).
Combustion trials were carried out at a fuel flow rate between 2 and 3 kg/h. The results showed that the incorporation of paint dust waste resulted in a decrease of the thermal efficiency which suggests that the air fuel ratio was not properly adjusted to the varying heat value of the fuel blend. For all the tests, the mass flow rate and the quality of the gaseous emissions were evaluated for the most relevant pollutants such as particles, SO2, TOC, CO and NOx. All parameters, except for particles in one single case, comply with strict environmental limits applicable. Samples of ashes have also been collected and their chemical composition correlated with the fusibility behavior. The results show that such levels of incorporation could be an effective process for paint dust waste management from both the environmental and energetic points of view.
Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in the Crow Gut Involves Many Deletions within the Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene Cluster
Authors: Sen Keya , Lu Jingrang , Mukherjee Piyali , Berglund Tanner , Varughese Eunice , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTCampylobacterspp. are major causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. The virulence potential ofCampylobactershed in crow feces obtained from a roost area in Bothell, Washington, was studied and compared with that from isolates from other parts of Washington and from a different crow species 7,000 miles away in Kolkata, India.Campylobacterorganisms were isolated from 61% and 69% of the fecal samples obtained from Washington and Kolkata, respectively, and were confirmed to beC. jejuni. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene cluster from these isolates revealed a truncated sequence of approximately 1,350 bp. Sequencing of the gene cluster revealed two types of mutations: a 668-bp deletion acrosscdtAandcdtBand a 51-bp deletion withincdtB. Some strains had additional 20-bp deletions incdtB. In either case, a functional toxin is not expected; a functional toxin is produced by the expression of three tandem genes,cdtA,cdtB, andcdtC. Reverse transcriptase PCR with total RNA extracted from the isolates showed no expression ofcdtB. A toxin assay performed with these isolates on HeLa cells failed to show cytotoxic effects on the cells. However, the isolates were able to colonize the chicken ceca for a period of at least 4 weeks, similar to that of a clinical isolate. Other virulence gene markers, flagellin A and CadF, were present in 100% of the isolates. Our study suggests that crows carry the bacteriumC. jejunibut with a dysfunctional toxin protein that is expected to drastically reduce its potential to cause diarrhea.IMPORTANCECampylobacters are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Since outbreaks have most often been correlated with poultry or unpasteurized dairy products, contact with farm animals, or contaminated water, historically, the majority of the studies have been with campylobacter isolates from poultry, domestic animals, and human patients. However, the bacterium has a broad host range that includes birds. These reservoirs need to be investigated, because the identification of the source and a determination of the transmission routes for a pathogen are important for the development of evidence-based disease control programs. In this study, two species of the human-commensal crow, from two different geographical regions separated by 7,000 miles of land and water, have been examined for their ability to cause disease by shedding campylobacters. Our results show that the crow may not play a significant role in campylobacteriosis, because the campylobacter organisms they shed produce a nonfunctional toxin.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Strain of a Phasi Charoen-Like Virus Identified in Zhanjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Jin Tao , Huang Yalan , Huang Suibin , Yang Fan , Lin Peng , Liu Yang , Huang Dana , Wu Chunli , Xie Jianbin , Cheng Jinquan , Wan Chengsong , Zhang Renli 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequence of a novel strain of a Phasi Charoen-like virus, isolated from
Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes caught in Zhanjiang province of China. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this virus belongs to a new genus,
Goukovirus
, in the family
Bunyaviridae
. This is the first reported genome sequence of a Phasi Charoen-like virus identified in China.
Genome Sequences of Four Cluster P Mycobacteriophages
Authors: Doyle Erin L. , Fillman Christy L. , Reyna Nathan S. , Tobiason Deborah M. , Westholm Daniel E. , Askins Jonathan L. , Backus Brittany P. , Baker Ashlynn C. , Ballard Harrison S. , Bisesi Paul J. , Bond Logan , Byrnes Deanna , Carlstedt Hannah , Dodson Kinnon S. , Fallert Megan J. , Foster Kyla J. , Games Daniel N. , Grams Tristan R. , Guild Nancy A. , Hurd Autumn , Iwata Nicholas , Kepler Cassidy R. , Krenzke Lucinda R. , Luekens Kelly , Lewis Jackie , McEntee Cali , McGee Justin C. , Nalley Noah , Plymale Ruth C. , Prochaska Jade , Rogers Reid G. , Schipper Jessica B. , Snyder Kelsey , Uhrich Kali , Vermillion Chelsey D. , Vickers Sarah K. , Wenta Meredyth D. , Yates Tyler Z. , Young Chas F. , Stoner Ty H. , Pope Welkin H. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Garlena Rebecca A. , Russell Daniel A. , Cresawn Steven G. , Hatfull Graham F. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Four bacteriophages infecting
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 (three belonging to subcluster P1 and one belonging to subcluster P2) were isolated from soil and sequenced. All four phages are similar in the left arm of their genomes, but the P2 phage differs in the right arm. All four genomes contain features of temperate phages.
Complete Genome Sequencing of
Acinetobacter
sp. Strain LoGeW2-3, Isolated from the Pellet of a White Stork, Reveals a Novel Class D Beta-Lactamase Gene
Authors: Blaschke Ulrike , Skiebe Evelyn , Kaatz Michael , Higgins Paul G. , Pfeifer Yvonne , Wilharm Gottfried 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing of
Acinetobacter
sp. strain LoGeW2-3, isolated from the pellet of a white stork (
Ciconia ciconia
), reveals the presence of a plasmid of 179,399 bp encoding a CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated genes) system of the I-F type, and the chromosomally encoded novel class D beta-lactamase OXA-568.
Whole-Genome Sequences of
Brucella melitensis
Strain QH61, Isolated from Yak in Qinghai, China
Authors: Cao Xiaoan , Li Zhaocai , Lou Zhongzi , Fu Baoquan , Liu Yongsheng , Shang Youjun , Zhou Jizhang , Jing Zhizhong 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

The facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium
Brucella melitensis
causes brucellosis in domestic and wild mammals.
Brucella melitensis
QH61 was isolated from a yak suffering from abortion in 2015 in Qinghai, China. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
B. melitensis
strain QH61.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Bifidobacterium
Strains N4G05 and N5G01, Isolated from the Human Vaginal Microbiome
Authors: Freitas Aline C. , Hill Janet E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of
Bifidobacterium
strains N4G05 and N5G01, isolated from the human vaginal microbiome. Genome sequences were obtained by
de novo
assembly from high-quality reads. Both strains were closely related to
Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense
based on barcode marker sequences and average nucleotide identity analysis.
Addressing complexity in population health intervention research: the context/intervention interface
Authors: Minary Laetitia , Alla François , Cambon Linda , Kivits Joelle , Potvin Louise 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundPublic health interventions are increasingly being recognised as complex and context dependent. Related to this is the need for a systemic and dynamic conception of interventions that raises the question of delineating the scope and contours of interventions in complex systems. This means identifying which elements belong to the intervention (and therefore participate in its effects and can be transferred), which ones belong to the context and interact with the former to influence results (and therefore must be taken into account when transferring the intervention) and which contextual elements are irrelevant to the intervention.DiscussionThis paper, from which derives criteria based on a network framework, operationalises how the context and intervention systems interact and identify what needs to be replicated as interventions are implemented in different contexts. Representing interventions as networks (composed of human and non-human entities), we introduce the idea that the density of interconnections among the various entities provides a criterion for distinguishing core intervention from intervention context without disconnecting the two systems. This differentiates endogenous and exogenous intervention contexts and the mediators that connect them, which form the fuzzy and constantly changing intervention/context interface.ConclusionWe propose that a network framework representing intervention/context systems constitutes a promising approach for deriving empirical criteria to delineate the scope and contour of what is replicable in an intervention. This approach should allow better identification and description of the entities that have to be transferred to ensure the potential effectiveness of an intervention in a specific context.
Modelling impacts of recent warming on seasonal carbon exchange in higher latitudes of North America
Authors: Mekonnen Zelalem A. , Grant Robert F. , Schwalm Christopher 
Published: January 2018

An ecosystem model, ecosys, has been used to examine the effects of recent warming on carbon exchange in higher latitudes of North America. Model results indicated that gradual warming during the past 30 years has increased net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and leaf area index (LAI). Spring increases in LAI advanced by 2.3 days decade−1 and decreases in autumn were delayed by 5.0 days decade−1 from 1982 to 2006. These advances and delays were corroborated by similar trends observed in the normalized difference vegetation index. NEP modelled during this period increased at an average rate of 17.6 Tg C decade−1. Increasing carbon losses modelled with soil warming in autumn, when thaw depth was greatest, offset 34% of increasing carbon gains modelled in spring. If autumn warming continues, carbon losses in this season may further offset enhanced carbon sequestration in spring.