Abstract LB-B19: BKM-120: a phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor with anti-migratory properties in glioblastoma
Authors: Speranza Maria Carmela , Nowicki Michal O. , Cho Choi-Fong , Chiocca E. Antonio , Lawler Sean E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common glial brain tumor and is also one of the most lethal human cancers: patients have a median survival of 15 months with a five-year survival rate of only 3%. The current standard-of-care has remained the same for the last decade and consists of maximal safe surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy. GBM cells are highly infiltrative, leading to invasion of normal brain tissue by tumor cells. These invasive tumor cells render GBM a surgically incurable disease and tumor recurrence is almost inevitable, with 90% of patients developing new lesions within 2-3 cm of the original site or at distant sites in the brain. Moreover, invasion may increase further during anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab and no anti-invasive approaches are yet available clinically.
The phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer and is activated in the majority of GBM cases due to constitutive receptor tyrosine kinase activation as well as inactivating mutations/deletions of PTEN (33%) or activating PI3K mutations (17%). In addition PI3K plays a role in cell migration in some cell types and a number of small molecule PI3K inhibitors are under investigation in oncology clinical trials.
BKM-120 (Buparlisib), is a CNS-penetrant selective pan-class I phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in clinical trials for several types of solid tumor, including GBM. We initially observed that BKM-120 is a potent anti-invasive molecule in GBM cell lines and patient-derived glioma stem-like cells in vitro. The anti-migratory effects of BKM-120 were clearly distinguishable from cytostatic and cytotoxic effects that occurred at higher drug concentrations and after a longer duration of drug exposure. The blockade of migration was reversible and accompanied by changes in cell morphology and pronounced reduction in both cell/cell and cell/substrate adhesion. In vivo studies showed that a short period of treatment with BKM-120 slowed tumor spread in an intracranial xenograft model. Mechanistically we found that GDC-0941, a similar potent and selective PI3K inhibitor, only caused a moderate reduction in glioblastoma cell migration. The effects of BKM-120 and GDC-0941 were indistinguishable by in vitro kinase selectivity screening and phospho-protein arrays. However, BKM-120 substantially reduced the numbers of focal adhesions and the velocity of microtubule treadmilling compared with GDC-0941, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to PI3K inhibition may contribute to the anti-invasive effects of BKM-120.
Overall, our data suggest that the CNS-penetrant PI3K inhibitor BKM-120 may be a useful anti-migratory drug for the treatment of highly invasive tumors such as glioblastoma.
Citation Format: Maria Carmela Speranza, Michal O. Nowicki, Choi-Fong Cho, E. Antonio Chiocca, Sean E. Lawler. BKM-120: a phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor with anti-migratory properties in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-B19.