bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image-Guided Resuscitation With Limited Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Plant Valerie , Vanguri Poornima , Anand Rahul , Haynes Jeffrey , Aboutanos Michel , Ferrada Paula 
Published: September 2016

Introduction
Limited transthoracic echocardiogram (LTTE) has been shown to be a useful tool in guiding resuscitation in adult trauma patients. Our hypothesis is that image-guided resuscitation in pediatric trauma patients with LTTE is feasible.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on highest level pediatric trauma alerts (age 18 years or younger) at our level I trauma center during a 6-month period. Patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: those who had LTTE performed (LTTE group) and those who did not have LTTE performed (non-LTTE group).

Results
A total of 31 charts were reviewed; 4 patients were excluded because they died on arrival to the emergency department. Fourteen patients had LTTE performed (LTTE group); 13 patients did not have LTTE performed (non-LTTE group). There was no difference in mechanism of injury, age, injury severity score, weight, or intensive care unit admission between the groups. The LTTE group received significantly less intravenous fluid than the non-LTTE group (1.2 vs 2.3 L, P = 0.0013).Within the LTTE group, 8 patients had “full” inferior vena cava (IVC) and 6 patients had “empty” IVC. There was no difference in injury severity score between these subgroups (P = 0.1018). Less fluid was given in the group labeled with full IVC [1.1 L (0.8–1.2)] than the group with empty IVC [2.4 L (1.7–2.6)], P = 0.0005. Four of the 6 patients with “empty” IVC had a confirmed source of bleeding.

Conclusions
Limited transthoracic echocardiogram can limit the amount of unnecessary crystalloid resuscitation given to pediatric trauma patients who are not hypovolemic.
Outcomes following Peripheral Nerve Decompression with and without Associated Double Crush Syndrome: A Case Control Study
Authors: Wessel Lauren E. , Fufa Duretti T. , Canham R. Bruce , La Bore Adam , Boyer Martin I. , Calfee Ryan P. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Double crush syndrome, the association between proximal and distal nerve lesions, has been established. This investigation compares the outcomes of nerve surgery in patients with isolated peripheral compression versus those with double crush syndrome treated with peripheral nerve and cervical spine operations.

Methods:
This case-controlled study enrolled 80 patients: 40 underwent carpal or cubital tunnel surgery and cervical spine surgery (double crush group); and 40 controls, matched by age and sex, underwent only peripheral nerve decompression (peripheral nerve group). A minimum of 18 months was required after peripheral nerve and cervical spine surgery for office assessment (mean, 4.9 years and 6.0 years, respectively). Statistical analysis compared postoperative function and symptom severity questionnaires, physical examination, and patient-reported satisfaction between groups.

Results:
Patients in the double crush group reported significantly more disability and persistent symptoms on the QuickDASH questionnaire (29 versus 13) and Levine Katz symptom severity (2.0 versus 1.4) and functional status scales (1.9 versus 1.4). Double crush patients reported significantly lower satisfaction. The double crush group exhibited a greater frequency of persistent signs of nerve irritability and muscle weakness compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
At a minimum of 18 months after peripheral nerve surgery, patients with a history of cervical spine surgery are likely to have inferior patient-reported outcomes, persistent nerve dysfunction, and lower satisfaction after peripheral nerve release compared with patients following isolated peripheral nerve surgery. Double crush syndrome was associated with poorer outcome after peripheral nerve surgery despite treatment of cervical spine nerve compression.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
SINTAX: a simple non-Bayesian taxonomy classifier for 16S and ITS sequences
Authors: Edgar Robert C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetagenomics experiments often characterize microbial communities by sequencing the ribosomal 16S and ITS regions. Taxonomy prediction is a fundamental step in such studies. The SINTAX algorithm predicts taxonomy by usingk-mer similarity to identify the top hit in a reference database and provides bootstrap confidence for all ranks in the prediction. SINTAX achieves comparable or better accuracy to the RDP Naive Bayesian Classifier with a simpler algorithm that does not require training. Most tested methods are shown to have high rates of over-classification errors where novel taxa are incorrectly predicted to have known names.
DNA Fountain enables a robust and efficient storage architecture
Authors: Erlich Yaniv , Zielinski Dina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDNA is an attractive medium to store digital information. Here, we report a storage strategy, called DNA Fountain, that is highly robust and approaches the information capacity per nucleotide. Using our approach, we stored a full computer operating system, movie, and other files with a total of 2.14 × 106bytes in DNA oligos and perfectly retrieved the information from a sequencing coverage equivalent of a single tile of Illumina sequencing. We also tested a process that can allow 2.18 × 1015retrievals using the original DNA sample and were able to perfectly decode the data. Finally, we explored the limit of our architecture in terms of bytes per molecules and obtained a perfect retrieval from a density of 215Petabyte/gram of DNA, orders of magnitudes higher than previous techniques.
Comparing Individual-Based Approaches to Modelling the Self-Organization of Multicellular Tissues
Authors: Osborne James M. , Fletcher Alexander G. , Pitt-Francis Joseph M. , Maini Philip K. , Gavaghan David J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe coordinated behaviour of populations of cells plays a central role in tissue growth and renewal. Cells react to their microenvironment by modulating processes such as movement, growth and proliferation, and signalling. Alongside experimental studies, computational models offer a useful means by which to investigate these processes. To this end a variety of cell-based modelling approaches have been developed, ranging from lattice-based cellular automata to lattice-free models that treat cells as point-like particles or extended shapes. It is difficult to accurately compare between different modelling approaches, since one cannot distinguish between differences in behaviour due to the underlying model assumptions and those due to differences in the numerical implementation of the model. Here, we exploit the availability of an implementation of five popular cell-based modelling approaches within a consistent computational framework, Chaste (http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/chaste). This framework allows one to easily change constitutive assumptions within these models. In each case we provide full details of all technical aspects of our model implementations. We compare model implementations using four case studies, chosen to reflect the key cellular processes of proliferation, adhesion, and short-and long-range signalling. These case studies demonstrate the applicability of each model and provide a guide for model usage.Authors’ contributionsJO and AF conceived of the study, designed the study, coordinated the study, carried out the computational modelling and drafted the manuscript. JP contributed to the computational modelling and helped draft the manuscript. PM and DG conceived of the study, designed the study and helped draft the manuscript. All authors gave final approval for publication.
Distant regulatory effects of genetic variation in multiple human tissues
Authors: Jo Brian , He Yuan , Strober Benjamin J. , Parsana Princy , Aguet François , Brown Andrew A. , Castel Stephane E. , Gamazon Eric R. , Gewirtz Ariel , Gliner Genna , Han Buhm , He Amy Z. , Kang Eun Yong , McDowell Ian C. , Li Xiao , Mohammadi Pejman , Peterson Christine B. , Quon Gerald , Saha Ashis , Segrè Ayellet V. , Sul Jae Hoon , Sullivan Timothy J. , Ardlie Kristin G. , Brown Christopher D. , Conrad Donald F. , Cox Nancy J. , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Eskin Eleazar , Kellis Manolis , Lappalainen Tuuli , Sabatti Chiara ,   GTEx Consortium, Engelhardt Barbara E. , Battle Alexis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the genetics of gene regulation provides information on the cellular mechanisms through which genetic variation influences complex traits. Expression quantitative trait loci, or eQTLs, are enriched for polymorphisms that have been found to be associated with disease risk. While most analyses of human data has focused on regulation of expression by nearby variants (cis-eQTLs), distal or trans-eQTLs may have broader effects on the transcriptome and important phenotypic consequences, necessitating a comprehensive study of the effects of genetic variants on distal gene transcription levels. In this work, we identify trans-eQTLs in the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project data1, consisting of 449 individuals with RNA-sequencing data across 44 tissue types. We find 81 genes with a trans-eQTL in at least one tissue, and we demonstrate that trans-eQTLs are more likely than cis-eQTLs to have effects specific to a single tissue. We evaluate the genomic and functional properties of trans-eQTL variants, identifying strong enrichment in enhancer elements and Piwi-interacting RNA clusters. Finally, we describe three tissue-specific regulatory loci underlying relevant disease associations: 9q22 in thyroid that has a role in thyroid cancer, 5q31 in skeletal muscle, and a previously reported master regulator nearKLF14in adipose. These analyses provide a comprehensive characterization of trans-eQTLs across human tissues, which contribute to an improved understanding of the tissue-specific cellular mechanisms of regulatory genetic variation.
Temporal mixture modelling of single-cell RNA-seq data resolves a CD4+T cell fate bifurcation
Authors: Lönnberg Tapio , Svensson Valentine , James Kylie R , Fernandez-Ruiz Daniel , Sebina Ismail , Montandon Ruddy , Soon Megan S. F. , Fogg Lily G , Stubbington Michael J. T. , Otzen Bagger Frederik , Zwiessele Max , Lawrence Neil , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando , Heath William R. , Billker Oliver , Stegle Oliver , Haque Ashraful , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDifferentiation of naïve CD4+T cells into functionally distinct T helper subsets is crucial for the orchestration of immune responses. Due to multiple levels of heterogeneity and multiple overlapping transcriptional programs in differentiating T cell populations, this process has remained a challenge for systematic dissectionin vivo. By using single-cell RNA transcriptomics and computational modelling of temporal mixtures, we reconstructed the developmental trajectories of Th1 and Tfh cell populations duringPlasmodiuminfection in mice at single-cell resolution. These cell fates emerged from a common, highly proliferative and metabolically active precursor. Moreover, by tracking clonality from T cell receptor sequences, we infer that ancestors derived from the same naïve CD4+T cell can concurrently populate both Th1 and Tfh subsets. We further found that precursor T cells were coached towards a Th1 but not a Tfh fate by monocytes/macrophages. The integrated genomic and computational approach we describe is applicable for analysis of any cellular system characterized by differentiation towards multiple fates.One Sentence SummaryUsing single-cell RNA sequencing and a novel unsupervised computational approach, we resolve the developmental trajectories of two CD4+T cell fatesin vivo, and show that uncommitted T cells are externally influenced towards one fate by inflammatory monocytes.
Women on the board of directors and corporate tax aggressiveness in Australia
Authors: Richardson Grant , Taylor Grantley , Lanis Roman 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of women on the board of directors on corporate tax avoidance in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use multivariate regression analysis to test the association between the presence of female directors on the board and tax aggressiveness. They also test for self-selection bias in the regression model by using the two-stage Heckman procedure.

Findings
This paper finds that relative to there being one female board member, high (i.e. greater than one member) female presence on the board of directors reduces the likelihood of tax aggressiveness. The results are robust after controlling for self-selection bias and using several alternative measures of tax aggressiveness.

Research limitations/implications
This study extends the extant literature on corporate governance and tax aggressiveness. This study is subject to several caveats. First, the sample is restricted to publicly listed Australian firms. Second, this study only examines the issue of women on the board of directors and tax aggressiveness in the context of Australia.

Practical implications
This research is timely, as there has been increased pressure by government bodies in Australia and globally to develop policies to increase female representation on the board of directors.

Originality/value
This study is the first to provide empirical evidence concerning the association between the presence of women on the board of directors and tax aggressiveness.
Victoria’s banning notice provisions: parliamentary, procedural and individual vulnerabilities
Authors: Farmer Clare 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Alcohol-related disorder in Australia’s night-time economy has precipitated an expanding regulatory and legislative framework. A key feature is the growth of police-imposed discretionary justice, one example of which are Victoria’s banning provisions. Banning notices are imposed on-the-spot, may be issued pre-emptively, but permit no right of independent appeal. However, there has been little analysis of the enactment, implementation or use of police-imposed banning provisions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws upon a detailed examination of the record of parliamentary debate of the banning notice legislation to document how the provisions, and their embedded procedural vulnerabilities, were legitimised. In addition, an analysis of Victoria Police data informs consideration of the ongoing scrutiny of the police power to ban.

Findings
The absolute discretion afforded to police officers, and a lack of effective oversight, has created the potential for the disproportionate and discriminatory implementation of Victoria’s banning notice powers. The findings highlight procedural vulnerabilities within the provisions, and concern regarding the particular risk of banning notices for vulnerable recipients.

Research limitations/implications
The nature of Victoria’s banning provisions created the circumstances for their inequitable imposition, but public scrutiny of their use and effect is limited. Omissions and deficiencies in the published data restricts meaningful analysis of how banning works in practice.

Originality/value
The research underpinning this paper was the first detailed examination of the implementation and ongoing scrutiny of Victoria’s banning notice provisions. The findings presented in this paper highlight key procedural vulnerabilities resulting from the passage of the legislation and the absence of effective oversight.
Ameliorating vulnerability arising from involvement with criminal courts
Authors: Henning Terese 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of major mechanisms instituted in Australia to ameliorate the experience of vulnerability arising as a corollary of involvement in Australian criminal courts as defendants, victims or witnesses of crime or family members/friends of such people.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper begins by providing an overview of two major categories of vulnerability within the criminal justice system – generally experienced vulnerability arising as a corollary of involvement in Australian criminal courts and attribute-based vulnerability. It focusses on the former locating it within a human rights framework. It then outlines dominant responses to this form of vulnerability. Finally it considers the potential for the Court Network program to achieve a more integrated approach to ameliorating this form of vulnerability.

Findings
The paper takes the view that major responses to systemic vulnerability in the criminal justice system fall short of adequately managing this form of vulnerability. It suggests that the Court Network model has the potential to address some lacunae in other responses and importantly to provide a gateway to them.

Originality/value
It explores an aspect of vulnerability that is now infrequently addressed and considers one option to supply lacunae in other major responses that has not yet been brought into the scholarly discussion in any significant way.
Document phenomenology: a framework for holistic analysis
Authors: Gorichanaz Tim , Latham Kiersten F. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to advance document ontology and epistemology by proposing a framework for analysing documents from multiple perspectives of research and practice.

Design/methodology/approach
Understanding is positioned as an epistemic aim of documents, which can be approached through phenomenology.

Findings
A phenomenological framework for document analysis is articulated. Key concepts in this framework are include intrinsic information, extrinsic information, abtrinsic information, and adtrinsic information. Information and meaning are distinguished. Finally, documents are positioned as part of a structural framework, which includes individual documents, parts of documents (docemes and docs), and systems of documents.

Research limitations/implications
Scholarship is extended with an eye toward holism; still, it is possible that important aspects of documents are overlooked. This framework serves as a stepping-stone along the continual refinement of methods for understanding documents.

Practical implications
Both scholars and practitioners can consider documents through this framework. This will lead to further co-understanding and collaboration, as well as better education and a deeper understanding of all manner of document experiences.

Originality/value
This paper fills a need for a common way to conceptualise documents that respects the numerous ways in which documents exist and are used and examined. Such coherence is vital for the advancement of document scholarship and is the promotion of document literacy in society, which is becoming increasingly important.
Outsourcing trust to the information infrastructure in schools
Authors: Sundin Olof , Carlsson Hanna 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThis paper investigates the experiences of school teachers of supporting pupils and their apprehensions of how pupils search and assess information when search engines have become a technology of literacy in schools. By situating technologies of literacy as sociomaterial the purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss these experiences and understandings in order to challenge dominant views of search in information literacy research.Design/methodology/approachSix focus group interviews with in total 39 teachers working at four different elementary and secondary schools were conducted in the autumn of 2014. Analysis was done using a sociomaterial perspective, which provides tools for understanding how pupils and teachers interact with and are demanded to translate their interest to technologies of literacy, in this case search engines, such as Google.FindingsThe teachers expressed difficulties of conceptualizing search as something they could teach. When they did, search was most often identified as a practical skill. A critical perspective on search, recognizing the role of Google as a dominant part of the information infrastructure and a co-constructor of what there is to know was largely lacking. As a consequence of this neglected responsibility of teaching search, critical assessment of online information was conflated with Google’s relevance ranking.Originality/valueThe study develops a critical understanding of the role of searching and search engines as technologies of literacy in relation to critical assessment in schools. This is of value for information literacy training.
Gender discrimination and firms’ profit: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Nomura Tomokazu , Nishijima Shoji 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper investigates discrimination against women within the Brazilian labour market using firm-level data from the World Bank Investment Climate Survey. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the female employees in the Brazilian labour market are paid less than their productivity warrants due to the existence of discrimination.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on employer discrimination model proposed by Becker (1971) that considered the proportion of female employees as a proxy for the extent of discrimination, the authors estimate the profit function using OLS analysis, and regress it on the proportion of female employees and other firm characteristics. To address the endogeneity problem caused by unobservable productivity shocks, the authors employed the methods proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996) and Levinsohn and Petrin (2003), respectively.

Findings
The results indicate that the proportion of female employees has positive effect on firms’ profit in 2002, but has no effect in 2007. This finding gives evidence of the existence of discrimination against female employees within the Brazilian labour market in the early 2000s, while the gender discrimination was reduced overtime.

Originality/value
This paper’s main contribution is to provide an approach that differs from that of previous research to determine whether discrimination exists within the Brazilian labour market. This paper also provides policy insights for Brazilian labour market.
Global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of business software piracy
Authors: Andrés Antonio Rodríguez , Asongu Simplice 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of software piracy to ease the benchmarking of current efforts toward harmonizing the standards and enforcements of intellectual property rights (henceforth IPRs) protection worldwide.Design/methodology/approachFor that purpose, the authors estimate dynamic panel data models for 99 countries over the period 1994-2010.FindingsThe main finding suggest that, a genuine timeframe for standardizing IPRs laws in the fight against software piracy is most feasible within a horizon of 4.3-10.4 years. In other words, full (100 percent) convergence within the specified timeframe will mean the enforcements of IPRs regimes without distinction of nationality or locality within identified fundamental characteristics of software piracy. The absence of convergence (in absolute and conditional terms) for the World panel indicates that, blanket policies may not be effective unless they are contingent on the prevailing trajectories, dynamics and tendencies of software piracy. Policy implications and caveats are also discussed.Originality/valueIt is the first attempt to empirically assess the convergence of IPRs systems across countries.