bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Group's Attempt to Raise Awareness of Organ and Tissue Donation
Authors: Rykhoff Margot E. , Coupland Catherine , Dionne Joanna , Fudge Brad , Gayle Charlene , Ortner Terri-Lynn , Quilang Kristina , Savu Geta , Sawany Fatima , Wrobleska Marzena 
Published: July 2017

Context Little is known about factors that influence attitudes and beliefs about organ and tissue donation among health science college students. Objective To assess health sciences college students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about organ donation and to determine if an educational session increases awareness and influences their attitudes and beliefs related to organ donation. Design Quantitative quasi-experimental study with semistructured questions administered to a convenience sample. Setting School of health sciences in a large, urban, multicultural community college in Ontario, Canada. Participants 240 health sciences' college students from 6 academic programs: bachelor of nursing from first and fourth year, practical nursing, paramedic, funeral services, and occupational therapy/physical therapy assistant. Intervention An educational session and 7-minute audiovisual presentation on organ donation. The educational session included a 20-minute PowerPoint presentation addressing statistics of organ and tissue need and donation; types of donation—deceased (brain-dead), live, and tissue; clarification on the criteria for brain death; donor cards; family consent, including clarification that the family member has the ultimate decision to sign it and the importance of communicating one's wishes to one's family; and religious beliefs and common myths and misconceptions. Results Of 235 students who completed the postintervention survey, 86% (n=202) were more aware of organ donation, and 85% (n=199) were more aware of living donation. Awareness of the need for family consent for donation increased significantly (from 52% to 96%, P< .001). The percentage of participants willing to donate their organs increased from 52% to 63% (n=26, P<.01). Among the 20% of participants (n = 47) who responded that they would not donate their organs, the predominant rationale was “fear.” Conclusions Educational sessions in the health sciences curriculum can increase awareness of organ and tissue donation.
Individual and Environmental Correlates and Predictors of Early Adherence and Outcomes after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Stilley Carol S. , DiMartini Andrea F. , de Vera Michael E. , Flynn William B. , King Jennifer , Sereika Susan , Tarter Ralph E. , Dew Mary Amanda , Rathnamala Geetha 
Published: July 2017

Context Little is known about patients' contribution to health outcomes after liver transplantation. Yet, in other transplant recipients, nonadherent behavior is directly related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients. Objective To examine patient and environmental factors in relation to all aspects of adherence to the posttransplantation regimen and health outcomes in the first 6 months after transplantation. Design A descriptive analysis of individual and environmental factors in relation to adherence and health outcomes at 6 months after liver transplantation. Participants, Setting One hundred fifty-two adult liver transplant recipients at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Main Outcome Measures Adherence to medication taking, appointment keeping, lifestyle changes, mood, quality of life, and clinical markers of liver function. Results Nonadherence was prevalent (47% with appointments, 73% with medication); relapse to drug/alcohol use occurred among a few recipients (5.6%), all with a history of substance abuse before transplantation. Patterns of coping, decision making, attitude, and social support were correlated with adherence, clinical markers, and psychological function (r = 0.22–0.45). Avoidant coping, affective dysregulation, and caregiver support emerged as robust predictors of negative clinical and mental health outcomes (β = .224-.363). Conclusion This information about liver transplant recipients is important for researchers and clinicians. Researchers can develop guidelines by using stable but modifiable characteristics of patients to identify transplant candidates at risk of nonadherence. Such guidelines would enable clinicians to prepare patients better to manage the posttransplant regimen.
Spouse Caregivers of Kidney Transplant Patients: Quality of Life and Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Dimitri Noelle , Reed Amanda , Antonellis Timothy , Pavlakis Martha , Johnson Scott R. , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: July 2017

Context Most kidney transplant programs require patients to identify a primary caregiver who can assist them throughout the transplant process. Little is known about the quality of life, caregiving strain, and psychosocial functioning of these caregivers. Objectives To characterize the psychosocial functioning of spouse/partner caregivers. Design, Settings, and Participants Cross-sectional survey administered to spouse/partner caregivers of patients before (n = 33) and after (n= 46) kidney transplantation at a transplant center in New England. Main Outcome Measures Quality of life, life satisfaction, caregiving strain and benefit, mood, and social intimacy. Results Relative to normative samples and published data involving other transplant caregivers, caregivers of kidney transplant patients had favorable quality of life, life satisfaction, psychological, and social intimacy outcomes. Life satisfaction scores were significantly lower for caregivers before than after kidney transplantation, but otherwise the 2 cohorts did not differ significantly from each other. Most caregivers both before and after kidney transplantation reported clinically high levels of caregiving strain, as well as several caregiving benefits. Conclusion Our data are consistent with results of other studies in showing that spouses experience considerable caregiving strain both before and after transplantation. However, caregivers of kidney transplant patients overall have good quality of life, life satisfaction, mood, and social intimacy. More prospective research is necessary to characterize better how these outcomes change over time throughout the transplant process.
Choosing to Be a Designated Organ Donor on Their First Driver's License: Actions, Opinions, Intentions, and Barriers of Asian American and Pacific Islander Adolescents in Hawaii
Authors: Albright Cheryl L. , Wong Linda L. , Cruz May Rose Dela , Sagayadoro Tony 
Published: July 2017

Context The factors associated with Asian American and Pacific Islander adolescents' decision to be a designated organ donor on their first driver's license are largely unknown. Objective To assess knowledge and attitudes about organ donation and socio-cultural factors associated with designated organ donor status in Asian American and Pacific Islander youth in Hawaii. Design and Setting Written surveys and focus groups were conducted at high schools and churches. Participants Two hundred eight Asian American and Pacific Islander teens, mean age 16 (SD, 2) years, 52.6% females, and 53.4% Catholic. Main Outcome Measures Donor status on driver's license, awareness, attitudes, intentions, and barriers to becoming a designated organ donor. Results Eighteen percent of teens with a driver's license are designated organ donors. Twenty-one percent have talked to their parents about becoming a designated donor on their license. Of those without a license, 27.7% intended to become a designated donor. Sex, grade level, and immigrant status were not associated with designated organ donor status; however, Catholics were significantly less likely to be donors. Key barriers to being a designated donor included a lack of knowledge or misperceptions due to urban myths about organ donation, parents completing “organ donor” question on driver's license application, and not wanting to have their body “cut up.” Conclusions Future organ donor campaigns should educate ethnic minority adolescents about the importance of becoming a designated organ donor on their first driver's license and counter urban myths about deceased organ donation. Guidelines for how to initiate family discussions about organ donation should be sensitive to cultural and religious beliefs.
Evaluation of an Education Intervention to Increase the Pursuit of Living Kidney Donation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barnieh Lianne , McLaughlin Kevin , Manns Braden J. , Klarenbach Scott , Yilmaz Serdar , Taub Ken , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. ,   For the Alberta Kidney Disease Network
Published: July 2017

Context Many transplant candidates have concerns about living donation. Objective To determine whether a structured educational session increased eligible kidney transplant candidates' pursuit of living donation. Design and Intervention Eligible transplant candidates were randomized to standard of care (n = 50) or to the educational intervention (n = 50), which included both written materials and a 2-hour education session. The primary outcome was having a living donor contact the transplant program to express interest in donation for a patient, and a secondary outcome was the candidates' preference for treatment of end-stage renal disease; both outcomes were determined at 3 months after enrollment. Results Of the 100 patients randomized, 4 in the intervention group and 2 in the standard of care group had a living donor contact the program ( P = .45). Within-group changes in treatment preference from baseline were seen in the education intervention group ( P = .02), but not in the standard of care group (P = .37). Conclusions This educational intervention did not increase the likelihood of a potential donor contacting the transplant program, compared with standard care. However, patients who received the educational intervention were more likely to change their treatment preference to living donation at study completion. Research investigating other methods of increasing living transplant rates is urgently required.
Patients' Sex and Emotional Support as Predictors of Death and Clinical Deterioration in the Waiting for a New Heart Study: Results from the 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Weidner Gerdi , Zahn Daniela , Mendell Nancy R. , Smits Jacqueline M. A. , Deng Mario C. , Zittermann Armin , Spaderna Heike ,   for the Waiting for a New Heart Study Group
Published: July 2017

Context Little is known about the role of patient's sex and emotional support in the prognosis of heart transplant candidates. Objective To examine patient's sex and emotional support as predictors of outcomes in the Waiting for a New Heart Study. Design, Setting, and Participants The Waiting for a New Heart Study is a prospective observational study of 318 patients (18% female) newly added to the waiting list for a heart transplant. Demographic, medical, psychosocial characteristics (including social support [ENRICHD Social Support Index; high vs low support]) were assessed at the time of wait-listing. Main Outcomes Time until death/delisting due to deteriorated health, considering competing outcomes (eg, transplantation) during the first 12 months after wait-listing were analyzed via cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models. Results—By 12 months, 32 men (12%) and 10 women (17%) had died/deteriorated. Medical risk was comparable across sexes. More men than women reported low emotional support (20.4% vs 8.6%) and being a past or current smoker (80.4% vs 56.9%). More women than men had low vocational level (93.1% vs 69.6%; all P values < .05). With medical risk and other confounding variables controlled for, female sex significantly increased risk of death/deterioration (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–5.12; P = .04); low emotional support further tended to increase the risk for this outcome ( P = .07). As none of the 5 women with low emotional support had reached this end point, analyses were performed in the male sample and revealed that men with low emotional support were more than twice as likely to die/deteriorate than were men with high support (hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–4.82; P = .04). Conclusion Women had worse survival while awaiting a heart transplant than men had, independent of confounding variables. Even though emotional support may be an important buffer for men, protective factors for women warrant further investigation with larger samples and/or longer follow-ups.
Collaborative Use of the Peer Assist Model in Large Transplant Programs in the United States
Authors: Peele Amy S. , Goldberg Stefanie , Trompeta Joyce A. 
Published: July 2017

Context The basic assumption of the peer assist model is that nearly every transplant center is already doing something that other centers could adopt in order to streamline or enhance their own operations. Objective To describe how the Transplant Growth and Management Collaborative used the peer assist model with 2 large transplant centers in the United States and to identify best practices and outcomes. Setting The University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center. Participants Transplant health care providers (surgeons, nurse transplant coordinators) and administrative staff (program directors, financial advisers, quality representatives). Intervention The peer assist model is a mechanism by which a transplant center receives feedback about a specific topic from another transplant center that encountered similar issues and developed effective action plans for overcoming barriers to success; it is a reciprocal model in which knowledge is shared. Results The peer assist model benefited the preparation for accelerated growth in 2 of the largest transplant centers in the United States. The collaboration during peer assist visits is an opportune time for transplant centers to learn from one another.
The Roles of Social Support and Psychological Distress in Lung Transplant Candidacy
Authors: Phillips Kristin M. , Burker Eileen J. , White Hayley C. 
Published: July 2017

Context Social support appears to be an important component in lung transplantation. However, the relationship between social support, psychological distress, and listing status has not been evaluated in lung transplant candidates. Objective To evaluate the relationships between depression, anxiety, and social support in patients with end-stage lung disease being evaluated for transplantation and determine (1) relationships between social support, depression, anxiety, and coping via seeking emotional and instrumental support; (2) whether social support explains a significant proportion of the variance in depression and anxiety; and (3) whether these factors were associated with whether a patient was listed for transplant. Design For this observational study, patients completed self-report questionnaires after their pretransplant evaluations. Listing status was subsequently obtained from medical records. Patients Participants were patients with end-stage lung disease evaluated for transplantation at a major hospital. Measures Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, COPE Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results Social support was associated with depression, anxiety, and seeking support ( P values < .01). When other factors related to these variables were controlled for, social support explained a significant proportion of the variance in depression (9%), state anxiety (8%), and trait anxiety (7%; all P values < .001). Patients who were listed for transplant reported seeking more emotional and instrumental support than did patients who were not listed (all P values < .05). Whether a patient was listed for transplant was not associated with depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety, or availability of social support. Results highlight the important role that coping via seeking support plays in transplant candidacy.
Allograft Involvement by Lymphoproliferative Disorders after Lung Transplantation: Report from the PTLD.Int Survey
Authors: Izadi Morteza , Taheri Saeed 
Published: July 2017

Objective Few cases of graft posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in pulmonary transplant recipients have been reported. Published data on PTLD are pooled to analyze and compare characteristics, predictors, and prognosis of pulmonary PTLDs arising in lung allograft recipients. Materials and Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for reports of lymphoproliferative disorders occurring within the graft in lung transplant recipients. Data from 23 studies were pooled and analyzed. Results Data from 137 patients (61 graft locations) with PTLD after lung transplantation were analyzed. Lung recipients with pulmonary graft PTLD were significantly more likely to have early-onset PTLD (70% vs 31%, respectively; P< .001). Lung graft PTLD also was associated with having tested negative for infection with Epstein-Barr virus before transplantation ( P = .05). Log-rank test showed significantly higher survival rates for pulmonary transplant recipients with allograft complication than for recipients with PTLD elsewhere ( P = .02). Conclusion Pulmonary transplant recipients who show early symptoms of impaired graft function should be evaluated for a potential lung graft PTLD in addition to being assessed for risk of rejection. Further prospective studies with large populations of patients are needed to confirm these results.
Polyurethane Coated Fabrics
Authors: Gillibrand J. 
Published: July 2017

A discussion of the factors which have produced the remarkable growth in the use of polyurethane-coated fabrics, and of the factors which influence their properties. The latter includes a description of the various techniques used in the manufacture of PU-coated fabrics and of the way in which variations in manufacturing techniques can affect the finished products. This is integrated with a description of the basic properties of polyurethane-coated fabrics such as scuff resistance, flexing endurance, last fastness and permeability.
Reducing Self-Injurious Behavior by Differentially Reinforcing other Behaviors
Authors: Rose Terry L. 
Published: July 2017

Previous work has demonstrated the efficacy of differentially reinforcing other behaviors (DRO) as a procedure for the reduction of self-injurious behavior, especially when combined with other procedures. The present study employed an ABAB design to investigate the efficacy of DRO alone as a procedure for decreasing the self-injurious behavior of an institutionalized 9-year-old female. The data indicated a functional relationship between the DRO procedure and a decrease in the rate of self-injurious behavior, as evidenced by the consistent decrease in self-injurious behavior In the presence of the DRO procedure. The self-injurious behavior was not eliminated, but a discussion of the possible reasons indicates that variables other than the DRO procedure may have been responsible for the continued low-rate occurrence of this behavior. A discussion of future DRO research concerns is included.
Taking the “Task” Out of Task Analysis
Authors: Fath Janet L. , Bias Randolph G. 
Published: July 2017

Task analysis is a well-accepted component of user-centered design. It is often left out of the design process, however, due to a lack of practical methods, the difficulty in predicting the amount of resource required to perform it, and a short supply of people with the appropriate skills. A solution to these problems is a structured set of activities that compose a task analysis and relate to the overall design process. The general framework into which these activities fit has three phases: Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Design. During the Data Collection phase, user and task data are collected and validated. The Data Analysis phase requires analyzing the user and task data in a way that results in suggestions for information representation, navigation, terminology, and consistency. Finally, the Design phase requires translating the suggestions from the Data Analysis phase into a viable product. A prototype task analysis workbook was developed to assess the feasibility of the structured approach to task analysis. The workbook includes tools for data collection, data analysis, and design, as well as instructions for how to use the tools. Over a period of two years, the workbook was used in five different development projects. A representative from each group was interviewed to determine how the workbook was used and which parts were most useful. Results of the interviews indicate that the workbook approach has merit.
Resource Management in the Highly Automated Airspace System
Authors: Mosier Kathleen L. , Wiener Earl L. , Price Alan W. , Helmreich Robert L. 
Published: July 2017

The introduction of highly sophisticated, glass cockpit aircraft has profoundly affected the flightdeck environment, and has changed the nature of crew resource management (CRM). CRM and decision making in advanced aircraft are qualitatively different from the same processes in older fleets. Automation also alters the nature of interaction among crewmembers, and between crewmembers and Air Traffic Control (ATC) These differences would seem to necessitate special training and procedures for CRM in glass cockpits. Moreover, training for managing automation cannot be merely an added module in current CRM programs. The effects of automation pervade throughout all aspects of resource management. Coincidentally, advances in the air traffic control system are altering the modern airspace environment. In the not-too-distant future, it will be possible for ATC computers to generate or amend clearances, which the Air Traffic Manager will send to the aircraft via datalink. The aircraft FMS (flight management system) will determine whether or not the clearance may be accepted, and its effects on fuel consumption, arrival time, etc. The role of the pilot will be to accept or reject the suggested clearance. The effects of automation on operator and team processes in both of these domains, as well as on the interaction between the domains, has only begun to be defined. Some of the issues already raised in the flightdeck realm, such as diffusion of responsibility among crewmembers, the breakdown of traditional roles and responsibilities as a result of familiarity with automation, or the possibility that crewmembers will “communicate” more with the automation than with each other, may only be exacerbated by increased automation in the air-ground communication link. The goal of this panel is to present an overview of some of the issues and questions to be resolved if resource management is to be a vital construct in the highly automated airspace system. To open discussion, the first panel member will present an overview of the general issues involved in the confluence of CRM and automation. Following, an industry representative will discuss one airline's specialized program to introduce crewmembers to the glass cockpit, and guide them in the appropriate use of automation. The measurement of CRM components specifically related to crew interaction with automation will be the focus of the third panelist. The analysis of CRM issues associated with equipment design, and, in particular, with the introduction of datalink communication systems, will be the next panel topic. Lastly, possible implications for human operators of the increasing sophistication and decision-making capabilities of automated systems in the air and on the ground will be introduced. The panel chair will summarize the major points and propose questions for discussion.