bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve Health Factors or Behaviors of the Cardiovascular Health of Prisoners During Incarceration
Authors: Mohan Andrea R. M. , Thomson Patricia , Leslie Stephen J. , Dimova Elena , Haw Sally , McKay Janet A. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Prisoners are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. However, primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in correctional settings has been widely neglected, and there is little information on interventions to improve the cardiovascular health of prisoners while incarcerated.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to systematically review published literature to identify interventions to improve the health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration.

Methods:
Selected databases were searched using terms related to prisoners and cardiovascular disease. Studies were included if they had prisoners as participants and measured outcomes of cardiovascular health. Narrative synthesis was used to organize the evidence from the studies.

Results:
Twelve articles detailing 11 studies were identified. Most of the studies involved only men. Interventions were classified into 4 types: structured physical activity, nutrition, mixed with physical activity and educational sessions, and smoking cessation. Most studies measured short-term outcomes relating to cardiovascular health such as changes in blood pressure and weight. Only 4 studies were of high quality. Structured physical activity interventions, nutrition interventions, and smoking cessation interventions delivered in a group setting had significant effects on at least 1 measured outcome. The effect of mixed interventions could not be determined.

Conclusions:
Structured physical activity interventions, nutrition interventions, and smoking cessation interventions delivered in a group setting can improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. More high-quality research is needed to increase the evidence base on the effectiveness of these interventions in the correctional setting.
Trends in ART Prescription and Viral Suppression Among HIV-Positive Young Adults in Care in the United States, 2009–2013
Authors: Beer Linda , Mattson Christine L. , Bradley Heather , Shouse Roy L. ,   for the Medical Monitoring Project
Published: May 2017

Background:
Only 13% of HIV-positive young adults are estimated to be virally suppressed and, even among those receiving medical care, HIV-positive young adults are less likely than older adults to take antiretroviral therapy (ART), be adherent, and be virally suppressed. We sought to examine trends in treatment and health outcomes from 2009 to 2013 among HIV-positive young adults (aged 18–24 years) in care.

Setting:
The Medical Monitoring Project is a complex sample survey of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States.

Methods:
We used weighted interview and medical record data collected from June 2009 to May 2014 to estimate trends in the prevalence of ART prescription, adherence, side effects, single-tablet ART regimens, regular care utilization, and viral suppression among young adults.

Results:
From 2009 to 2013, there were significant increases in ART prescription (76%–87%) and the proportion of young adults taking ART who reported taking single-tablet regimens (49%–62%). There was no significant change in adherence, side effects, or regular care utilization. Although viral suppression at last test did not change (65% at both time periods), the proportion of young adults who were sustainably virally suppressed significantly increased (29%–46%). Accounting for ART prescription and single-tablet regimen use attenuated the sustained viral suppression trend.

Conclusions:
Although the level of viral suppression among young adults in care remains suboptimal, the observed increases in ART prescription and sustained viral suppression may be a cause for optimism regarding efforts to improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Random Sequences Rapidly Evolve intode novoPromoters
Authors: Yona Avihu H. , Alm Eric J. , Gore Jeff 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHow do new promoters evolve? To follow evolution ofde novopromoters, we put various random sequences upstream to the lac operon inEscherichia coliand evolved the cells in the presence of lactose. We found that a typical random sequence of ~100 bases requires only one mutation in order to enable growth on lactose by increasing resemblance to the canonical promoter motifs. We further found that ~10% of random sequences could serve as active promoters even without any period of evolutionary adaptation. Such a short mutational distance from a random sequence to an active promoter may improve evolvability yet may also lead to undesirable accidental expression. We found that across theE. coligenome accidental expression is minimized by avoiding codon combinations that resemble promoter motifs. Our results suggest that the promoter recognition machinery has been tuned to allow high accessibility to new promoters, and similar findings might also be observed in higher organisms or in other motif recognition machineries, like transcription factor binding sites or protein-protein interactions.
iREAD: A Tool for Intron Retention Detection from RNA-seq Data
Authors: Li Hong-Dong , Funk Cory C. , Price Nathan D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSummaryDetecting intron retention (IR) events is emerging as a specialized need for RNA-seq data analysis. Here we present iREAD (intronREtentionAnalysis andDetector), a tool to detect IR events genome-wide from high-throughput RNA-seq data. The command line interface for iREAD is implemented in Python. iREAD takes as input an existing BAM file, representing the transcriptome, and a text file containing the intron coordinates of a genome. It then 1) counts all reads that overlap intron regions, 2) detects IR vents by analyzing features of reads such as depth and distribution patterns, and 3) outputs a list of retained introns into a tab-delimited text file. The output can be directly used for further exploratory analysis such as differential intron expression and functional enrichment. iREAD provides a new and generic tool to interrogate poly-A enriched transcriptomic data of intron regions.Availabilitywww.libpls.net/ireadContactNathan.Price@systemsbiology.org
Precise and Predictable DNA Fragment Editing Reveals Principles of Cas9-Mediated Nucleotide Insertion
Authors: Shou Jia , Li Jinhuan , Wu Qiang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDNA fragment editing (DFE) or chromosomal engineering including inversions, deletions, and duplications by Cas9 with paired sgRNAs are important to investigate structural genome variations and developmental gene regulation, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we report that debilitating CtIP, which is thought to function in NHEJ, enhances precise DNA fragment deletion. By analyzing the inserted nucleotides at the junctions of DNA fragment inversions, deletions, and duplications, we find that Cas9 cleaves the noncomplementary strand with a flexible profile upstream of the PAM site and rationally-designed Cas9 nucleases have distinct cleavage profiles. Finally, Cas9-mediated nucleotide insertions of DFE are nonrandom and are equal to the combined sequences upstream of both PAM sites with predicted frequencies. Thus, precise and predictable DFEs could be achieved by perturbing DNA repair genes and using appropriate PAM configurations. These findings have important applications regarding 3D chromatin folding and enhancer insulation during gene regulation.
Vaccination can drive an increase in frequencies of antibiotic resistance among non-vaccine serotypes ofStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Obolski Uri , Lourenço José , Gupta Sunetra 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major public health concern, being responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths annually through pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia. In spite of vaccination efforts, pneumococcal carriage and disease remain high, since available vaccines target only a subset of serotypes and vaccination is often accompanied by a rise in non-vaccine serotypes. Epidemiological studies suggest that such a change in serotype frequencies is often coupled with an increase of antibiotic resistance among non-vaccine serotypes. Building on previous multi-locus models for bacterial pathogen population structure, we have developed a theoretical framework incorporating variation in serotype and antibiotic resistance to examine how their associations may be affected by vaccination. Using this framework, we find that vaccination can result in rapid increase in frequency of pre-existing resistant variants of non-vaccine serotypes due to the removal of competition from vaccine serotypes.
Harmonising training and development across an industry: the case of Australian rail
Authors: Short Tom , Harris Roger McL. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore why harmonisation, given its potential, is so difficult to achieve. It analyses the issues and challenges in achieving harmonisation of training and development across an industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach was a meta-analysis of six research projects undertaken in the Australian rail industry. These projects varied in duration from 12-24 months. Between 2009 and 2013, rail employees in varying roles and levels of seniority, including middle managers, front-line supervisors, rail incident investigators, track workers and drivers, were interviewed (n = 176) and surveyed (n = 341).

Findings
The meta-analysis identified a range of characteristics associated with harmonisation. It uncovered three categories of harmonisation, seven types of risk modelled in a layered risk pyramid and analysed key structural, environmental and organisational barriers to harmonisation. The paper concludes that harmonisation struggles to gain strategic significance and is hampered by operational pragmatism.

Research limitations/implications
There are few published papers examining harmonisation across companies or based on meta-analyses, especially qualitatively. Despite limitations of insufficient detail to allow close analysis, potentially variable quality data across projects from which to develop a meta-analysis and the danger of comparing apples with oranges, more attempts using this approach would be helpful in gaining nuanced insights into an industry.

Practical implications
Achieving industry harmonisation requires significant change in the mindset of executives. To enhance the chances of harmonisation, there is need for a strong national entity with overview of the entire industry, high-quality training and development resources and activities and cost-benefit analyses and active campaigns. A major outcome of this research is the risk pyramid, which can be used by managers as a strategic evaluation tool. By using such tools based on sound research, leaders can be equipped to make informed decisions and reduce downstream risks.

Originality/value
This research has value in extending the literature in two main ways: through examining the notion of harmonisation across an industry as distinct from within organisations that has been the focus of most studies and through using qualitative meta-analysis in a field dominated by quantitative approaches. It analyses the grey areas between rhetoric about its potential and difficulties in its achievement.
The effects of scenario planning on participant reports of resilience
Authors: Chermack Thomas J. , Coons Laura M. , O’barr Gregory , Khatami Shiva 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of scenario planning on participant ratings of resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design is a quasi experimental pretest/posttest with treatment and control groups. Random selection or assignment was not achieved.

Findings
Results show a significant difference in reports of resilience for the scenario planning treatment group and no significant difference for the control group.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include the use of self-report perception measures, possible social desirability of responses and a lack of random selection and assignment.

Practical implications
Practical implications imply that scenario planning can be viewed as a legitimate tool for increasing resilience in organizations.

Social implications
Organizations with an ability to adjust quickly and recover from difficult conditions means reduced layoffs and healthy economic growth.

Originality/value
While there is increasing research on scenario planning, to date, none has examined the effects of scenarios on resilience.
Manager stimulation of employee self-regulated learning
Authors: Lyons Paul , Bandura Randall P. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential benefits of integrating self-regulated learning with skill charting, a training and development tool. The following areas are examined: manager-as-coach, self-regulated learning, and skill development through skill charting.

Design/methodology/approach
This discussion of manager stimulation through the integration of self-regulated learning and skill charting is based on an extensive literature review of recent research as well as that done by the authors.

Findings
There are many practical opportunities for managers to enhance self-regulated learning of employees using skill charting. Because self-regulated learners tend to reflect a growth mindset they are more likely to engage in performance improvement, change and innovation. These personal characteristics are highly valued by most managers as they may provide a competitive advantage for organizations. Managers, acting as coaches with individuals or small groups, can be instrumental in helping employees to internalize self-regulating learning practices at the same time the employees participate in learning important job skills. The approach offered here also encourages team-building skills, knowledge acquisition, and employee engagement.

Originality/value
This fresh look at an integration of self-regulated learning with the skill-charting approach offers specific, practical suggestions for manager stimulation of self-regulated learning.
The importance of new forms of capital in nonprofit organizations
Authors: Mourão Paulo , Pereira Teresa , Moreira Maria Cristina 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the extent to which new forms of capital are noticed by different members of nonprofit organizations (directors, employees, and volunteers) and valued as a factor of organizational capacity.

Design/methodology/approach
Using survey research methodology, the authors studied a nonprofit institution – a delegation of the Portuguese Red Cross located in Fafe, a city in northern Portugal, by giving a questionnaire to all its members.

Findings
The respondents revealed that the existence of other forms of capital (in addition to financial capital) is recognized and valued and that human capital as a whole is particularly relevant to the fulfillment of the Fafe Delegation of Portuguese Red Cross’ mission.

Originality/value
This is the first study on the perceptions of human capital, social capital and financial capital in a Portuguese nonprofit organization.
Group size and personalization’s effect on Facebook message response rates
Authors: Fatkin Jane-Marie , Lansdown Terry C. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The bystander effect is one of the most well researched and replicated phenomena in social psychology. It repeatedly shows that the presence of other people inhibits the impulse to help due to the concept of diffusion of responsibility. Recently, researchers have studied this phenomenon online in the context of e-mails, internet chat rooms, and discussion forums. The results provide evidence that the presence of “virtual” others decreases the likelihood of helping behavior. Personalization is another factor that strongly influences helping behavior. Referring to a person by name when soliciting help request increases the likelihood of receiving assistance. Yet, with the most popular activity on the internet now being social media, it would be beneficial to know if diffusion of responsibility and personalization also occurs in this part of the online world. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the validity of diffusion of responsibility as well as personalization in a social media context, 176 participants sent out one private Facebook message soliciting help in the form of an online survey to one, three, six, or nine of their Facebook friends. They greeted their friend(s) by name or just said “Hi” or “Hi all.”

Findings
Responses to the survey provided strong support for personalizing the greeting, but did not support the theory of diffusion of responsibility.

Practical implications
This study has many practical implications. For one, with social media being used not only by individuals but by businesses and industries, it is important to know the most effective way in eliciting help and responses from individuals. It is also beneficial for researchers as well who are increasingly using social media as a recruitment tool to find participants. This study suggests that personalizing salutations is an effective way of eliciting more responses and raises important research questions about the validity of diffusion of responsibility in online environments.

Originality/value
This study also has originality and value in that it provides a start for understanding helping behavior in a social media environment as well as applying relevant social psychological theories to online behavior. It highlights the similarities as well as differences between offline and online human behavior as well as highlights the importance of personalization in online requests.
Digitalization as institutional work: a case of designing a tool for changing diabetes care
Authors: Thorseng Anne Asmyr , Grisot Miria 
Published: May 2017

PurposeE-health tools for patients aim to change current care practices. However the role of IT in transforming health care is not straightforward. The purpose of this paper is to understand how this change process unfolds and what characterizes the process by which visions of new care practices become inscribed into digital tools.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a qualitative research design and it is based on an interpretive case study on the digitalization of a tool for diabetes care used in a hospital in Norway. Data have been collected via interviews and observations. Digitalization activities are understood as institutional work in order to examine the relation between the decisions taken in the design process and the intended change of the practices of diabetes care.FindingsThe study identifies three types of activities of institutional work: inscription of self-reflection, inscription of legitimation and inscription of new usage. The analysis of these activities shows how the vision of patients’ more active, learning and reflection-oriented role is inscribed into digital technology; how institutional work strives both for change and for legitimation thus smoothing the transition to a new institutional arrangement; and how institutional work relates to digital materiality.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the institutional theory literature by conceptualizing digitalization as institutional work toward changing institutions. It also contributes to the IS literature on digitalization by providing an analysis of how the affordances of digital materials support the work toward new institutions.
Examining organizations’ continued use of open source technologies
Authors: Nevo Saggi , Chengalur-Smith InduShobha 
Published: May 2017

PurposeOur knowledge of why organizations continue to use open source software (OSS) infrastructure technologies is relatively limited, and existing models appear inadequate to explain this continuance phenomenon given that they are set at the individual level and also do not take into account the unique characteristics of OSS. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachUsing an institutional perspective, this paper posits that coercive (business value of IT) and normative (open source ideology (IDEO)) factors may be credited with sustaining the continued use of OSS technologies. The study argues that organizations that subscribe to IDEO are more likely to continue using OSS technologies. Survey data are collected from organizations that have implemented an OSS infrastructure technology and a moderated multiple regression analysis is performed to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsIn addition to the business value provided by OSS technologies, adherence to IDEO also impacts decisions to continue using those technologies. The results suggest that once an OSS is implemented in an organization, IDEO can enhance organizations’ intentions to continue using such technologies, directly, as well as indirectly, by amplifying the impact of the perceived business value of the technology.Originality/valueMuch of extant literature on continued use focuses on end-user technologies. This paper is one of the first to focus on infrastructure technologies and examine organizations’ intentions to continue using those technologies by developing a parsimonious theory-driven model for examining organizations’ continued use intentions toward infrastructure IT. Additionally, much of open source research to date has been inwardly focused, and this paper is one of few empirical studies to focus on the demand or consumption side of OSS technologies.