bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of coating solution viscosity of hollow fiber‐supported polydimethylsiloxane membrane for CO2/H2 separation
Authors: Hu Leiqing , Cheng Jun , Li Yannan , Liu Jianzhong , Zhou Junhu , Cen Kefa 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTo optimize the CO2 permeation and CO2/H2 separation performance of hollow fiber‐supported polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes, the effect of the viscosity of the PDMS coating solution on surface morphologies, thickness of PDMS layer, and solution intrusion into surface pores of hollow fiber supports was investigated. Increases in both stirring time and standing time could increase the viscosity of the PDMS solution. The PDMS layer thickness increased when the coating solution viscosity increased, whereas the surface roughness of the PDMS layer markedly decreased and then slightly changed. Moreover, when the stirring time of the PDMS coating solution was 9 min and the standing time was increased from 2 min to 25 min, the CO2 permeance first decreased, then increased to ∼2250 GPU probably due to the decreased intrusion depth, and finally decreased because of the substantially increased thickness of the PDMS layer. However, the CO2/H2 selectivity increased to 3.4 with an increase in coating solution viscosity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45765.
Effect of nanocrystalline cellulose addition on needleless alternating current electrospinning and properties of nanofibrous polyacrylonitrile meshes
Authors: Paulett Katherine , Brayer W. Anthony , Hatch Katrina , Kalous Tomáš , Sewell Jerry , Liavitskaya Tatsiana , Vyazovkin Sergey , Liu Fei , Lukáš David , Stanishevsky Andrei 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTNeedleless alternating current (AC)‐electrospinning is capable of achieving high nanofiber generation rates while adding more flexibility to the process development when compared to common direct current (DC)‐electrospinning. However, AC‐electrospinning process may produce very different results than DC‐electrospinning when using the same precursors. This study demonstrated that stable AC‐electrospinning of uniform and mechanically strong polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous meshes can be achieved at 30 ± 5 kV rms voltage when 0.75–6.0 wt % of nanocrystalline cellulose‐II with respect to PAN is added to a typical PAN precursor solution. Efficient generation (up to 2 g/h rate or 0.7 g h−1 cm−2 mass flux) of nanofibers with 250–500 nm fiber diameters has been observed when using flat fiber‐generating electrodes with diameters up to 25 mm. Depending on the amount of nanocellulose, nanofibrous nanocellulose/PAN meshes revealed large variations in tensile modulus (90–273 MPa) and yield strength (1.0–2.5 MPa), whereas the fiber diameter, air permeability, air resistance, mesh porosity, and water absorption were less affected. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45772.
Preparation and properties of alkaline anion exchange membrane with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks based on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)
Authors: Chen Chunming , Chen Bingxin , Hong Redong 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAlkaline anion exchange membrane with semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (s‐IPN) was constituted based upon quaternized poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐vinylbenzyl chloride) (QPBV) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF‐HFP)]. The QPBV was synthesized via the free radical copolymerization, followed by quaternization with N‐methylimidazole. The s‐IPN system was constituted by melting blend of QPBV and P(VDF‐HFP), and then crosslinking of P(VDF‐HFP). Ion exchange capacity, water uptake, mechanical performance, and thermal stability of these membranes were characterized. TEM showed that alkaline anion exchange membrane exhibited s‐IPN morphology with microphase separation. The fabricated s‐IPN membrane exhibited hydroxide ion conductivity up to 15 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and a maximum DMFC power density of 46.55 mW cm−2 at a load current density of 98 mA cm−2 at 30 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45775.
Islamophobia, shame, and the collapse of Muslim identities
Authors: Sadek Noha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the impact of Islamophobia on contemporary Muslim identities. I examine how Islamophobia and the question of Muslim identities appear in the cultural uses of symbols and media discourses in the West and in the psychoanalysis of a Lebanese‐American woman who identified as a “secular Muslim.” The paper discusses how Islamophobia, through its creation and propagation of Muslim stereotypes, flattens the depth, diversity, and historicity of Muslim identities; it examines, as well, how Muslims internalize these stereotypes. This internalization and the direct experiences with injurious speech, discriminatory acts and hate crimes may lead to shame. Driven by shame, Muslims may sever the tie to their cultural background or idealize their Islamic religion or culture, perceived to be located in the space and time of the “glorious Islamic past,” as in the case of Islamic fundamentalism. While these strategies may protect Muslims from their painful shame, they risk collapsing their identities. I also discuss some of the social defenses employed by Muslim communities facing Islamophobia, which may reinforce the stereotypes they are desperately trying to fight.
PHOBIA OF RELIGION: RELIGION AS ISLAM a political argument and a psychoanalytic inquiry of Islamophobia in India
Authors: Mehdi Zehra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen Donald Trump imposed the “Muslim ban” what was surprising was the absence of any pretense to make it political. It wasn't a ban against some countries, it was a ban against Muslim countries or pithily against Muslims. But then what happens when the fear of intrusion underlying “banning” finds its realization in lynching? In the existing discourse on Islamophobia, how do we understand not only the Muslim who isn't allowed to enter but also the Muslim who is quite simply killed for having entered ages ago. In this paper, I share the trajectory of Muslims in India through history, politics, and psychoanalytic theory to present the case of Islamophobia in India. Developing on Edward Said'sOrientalism(1978) and Gil Anidjar's, Secularism (2006), I explain how in the secular nation state of India, the phobia isn't of Islam; rather, it is of religion. The religion is identified as Islam. In this identification, national identity and religious identity are at loggerheads such that Muslims in between are left with an impossibility – they cannot be Indians as long as they are Muslims and they can never not be Muslims. In exploring the incidents of lynching, this paper presents a psycho‐political reading of Muslims in India and their impossibility of being Indian.
New Augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii Functional for Stability Analysis of Systems with Additive Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Ding Liming , He Yong , Wu Min , Wang Qinggou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with stability analysis for continuous‐time systems with additive time‐varying delays in the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii(L‐K) framework. Firstly, in view of the relationships between the upper bounds of the two time‐varying delays, a new augmented L‐K functional is constructed by using the information of the two upper bounds. Secondly, the free‐matrix‐based integral inequality is used to estimate the derivative of the constructed L‐K functional. Thirdly, a less conservative criterion is derived to assess stability. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the criterion.
Police officers' volunteering for (rather than being assigned to) Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training: Evidence for a beneficial self‐selection effect
Authors: T. Compton Michael , Bakeman Roger , Broussard Beth , D'Orio Barbara , C. Watson Amy 
Published: September 2017

Officers' volunteering for Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training—rather than being assigned—is assumed to be an important, beneficial self‐selection bias. This bias remains poorly characterized, though CIT officers are more likely to be female and to have had exposure to the mental health field. We determined whether or not self‐selection is beneficial with regard to knowledge, attitudes, and skills, as well as level of force used (i.e., no or low force versus any form of physical force) and disposition of subjects, in actual encounters.We compared CIT‐trained officers who had volunteered with those who had been assigned using data from two prior, linked studies that compared CIT‐trained and non‐CIT officers on knowledge, attitudes, and skills (251 CIT‐trained officers; 68% had volunteered), as well as behaviors (517 actual encounters provided by 91 CIT‐trained officers; 70% had volunteered).Of 28 scores on knowledge, attitudes, and skills compared, six were statistically significantly different (p < .01) and another eight were marginally significant (.01 < p < .05). Furthermore, although CIT officers who had volunteered were more likely to report use of some form of physical force as we had defined it (which included the use of handcuffs), when they did so they were more likely to refer to treatment services and less likely to make an arrest. These effects were apparent even when taking into account effects of gender, having had exposure to the mental health field, empathy, and other covariates.In conclusion, we found evidence for benefits of self‐selection/volunteering that should be further characterized, as it appears to be associated with better outcomes with regard to key attitudes, skills, and behaviors.
Simultaneous Sodium Hydroxide Production by Membrane Electrolysis and Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Yun Haesung , Kim Young Eun , Lee Wonhee , Youn Min Hye , Jeong Soon Kwan , Park Ki Tae , Lee Ki Bong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe simultaneous process of NaOH production via electrolysis of NaCl and CO2 capture was investigated due to the expectation of reduction in capital cost. It was found that seawater concentration of NaCl solution was adaptable to be used as both anolyte and catholyte and that 90 °C was the most proper temperature for NaOH production among the test conditions in this work. Under these electrolyte and temperature conditions, the simultaneous NaOH production and CO2 capture processes were conducted and more than 98.83 % of OH− was reacted with CO2 to yield aqueous carbonate solutions. Additional electrochemical CO2 capture tests were carried out depending on the different CO2 concentration of mixed gases.
Interfacial Phenomena/Capacities Beyond Conversion Reaction Occurring in Nano‐sized Transition‐Metal‐Oxide‐Based Negative Electrodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Keppeler Miriam , Srinivasan Madhavi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNano‐sized transition‐metal oxides are of topical interest in current research towards high‐capacity negative electrodes for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. Schematically, an interaction with Li+ through a conversion reaction is commonly accepted. However, experimentally observed capacities often significantly exceed the correlating theoretical quantity of transferred charge carriers based on the conversion reaction. The origin of the additional capacity is under intense debate, although the indispensability of interfacial phenomena and material dimensions in the nanometer regime for concrete explanations are widely observed. Scenarios associated with additional capacities are electrode/electrolyte interphases (solid‐electrolyte interphase, polymer/gel‐like film), additional Li+ accommodation through reaction with grain boundary phases in nanostructures, interfacial Li+ accommodation along with charge separation at phase boundaries, or additional Li+ uptake in unique structural architectures with high specific surface areas that often exhibit an extensive hierarchical meso‐ and/or nanoporous system. In addition, interfacial phenomena are strongly related to battery safety, and hence a topic of highest relevance. As the number of related articles has become so intense, this Review article provides an up‐to‐date summary, and a first attempt is made to systematically classify capacity profiles of nano‐sized transition‐metal oxides that exhibit additional capacities beyond the theoretical value based on the concept of conversion reaction.
Self‐Assembled Porous NiFe2O4 Floral Microspheres Inlaid on Ultrathin Flake Graphite as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Lina , Hou Xianhua , Huang Xiyan , Liang Qian , Ru Qiang , Wu Bo , Lam Kwok‐ho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA fairly simple and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method is reported to synthesize anode materials composed of NiFe2O4 (NFO) and ultrathin flake graphite (UFG), which are denoted as NFO/UFG composites. Several experiments were then carried out in order to determine the most beneficial proportion of UFG in the composite. Finally, it was found that the NFO/UFG‐2 composite exhibits the most beneficial morphological structure which is characterized as three‐dimensional floral NFO microspheres assembled by many porous nanosheets anchored on the pedestal of UFG (as determined from SEM and TEM measurements). In addition, the NFO/UFG‐2 composite also demonstrates the best electrochemical performances. It shows a stable long‐term cycling performance with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 83.4 % and even obtains a high specific capacity of 963.4 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1 and remarkable reversibility not only at low current densities but also at high current densities. Satisfyingly, the good synergy between porous NFO and UFG significantly enhances the electronic conductivity and relieves the huge bulk expansion of traditional transition metal oxide. This unique electrode material is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for the new‐generation lithium ion batteries.
Spectroscopic Observation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ga Surface Segregation in Liquid Pd–Ga Alloys
Authors: Grabau Mathias , Erhard Jannis , Taccardi Nicola , Calderon Sandra Krick , Wasserscheid Peter , Görling Andreas , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Papp Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLiquid binary Pd–Ga alloys with low Pd contents of 0.8, 1.8, and 4.7 at % of Pd were examined as a function of sample temperature in ultra‐high vacuum by using angle‐resolved XPS. Upon cooling from 750 to 400 K, a pronounced temperature‐dependence of the Pd concentration in the liquid phase was observed, which was explained by the transition from the pure liquid phase to a two‐phase system, consisting of a solid Ga5Pd phase and a Pd‐depleted liquid Pd–Ga alloy. In the liquid Pd–Ga alloy, Pd is always depleted from the topmost interface layer, as deduced from angle‐resolved XPS at 0 and 80° emission, independent of temperature and Pd concentration. This observation is interpreted as an inhomogeneous depth distribution function of Pd, that is, the segregation of Ga to the surface of the liquid phase. The results of a DFT‐based molecular dynamics simulation (MD) independently show interfacial stratification of Ga and an inhomogeneous Pd distribution along the surface normal. The evaluation of the experimental data with a rigid layer model based on the MD calculations leads to excellent agreement with the simulation.
An Unsymmetrical Squaraine‐Dye‐Based Chemical Platform for Multiple Analyte Recognition
Authors: Philips Divya S. , Ghosh Samrat , Sudheesh Karivachery V. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe design of fluorescent molecular platforms capable of responding to multiple analytes is a topic of great interest. Herein, the use of a Zn2+‐complexed unsymmetrical squaraine dye, Sq–Zn2+, as a chemical platform for recognizing structurally distinct analytes is reported. The squaraine ring is substituted on one side with a dipicolylamine unit, which acts as the metal ion receptor, whereas the other part of the molecule carries a dibutylaniline moiety, which is an electron donor. The molecular system is unique because it can respond specifically to different types of analytes, namely, atmospheric carbon dioxide, cyclic phosphates, and picric acid. Moreover, the interaction of these analytes can be monitored colorimetrically and fluorimetrically, which favors both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The distinct response towards cyclic and linear phosphates, as well as the selective response towards picric acid, among the various nitroaromatic compounds was achieved with sensitivity at the ppm level. The flexible coordination offered by Zn2+ plays a significant role in the discrimination of these analytes with high specificity. Dye Sq–Zn2+ introduced herein is a single‐molecule construct that can be used for the selective and sensitive response towards analytes of environmental and biological relevance.
Mixed Monosilyl Acetals and Catalyst‐Dependent Chemoselective Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Yang Hye Sung , Eum Heesung , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Yang Jung Woon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report a direct, simple, and straightforward approach for the construction of a mixed monosilyl acetal as a new and synthetically valuable functional group by mixing an aldehyde, sodium tert‐butoxide, and trimethylsilyl azide. We also demonstrate a catalyst‐dependent chemoselective reaction between mixed monosilyl acetals and silyl ketene acetals through Mukaiyama aldol reactions to give different structures of O‐protected β‐hydroxy esters in excellent yields with high chemoselectivities. This study provided the existence of an oxonium ion intermediate and of its kinetically controlled reaction with the pre‐equilibrated silyl enol ether obtained from (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomerization.
Modulation of Wetting Gradients by Tuning the Interplay between Surface Structuration and Anisotropic Molecular Layers with Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Bouffier Laurent , Reculusa Stéphane , Ravaine Valérie , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the NanoSystems for Analytics (NSYSA) research group of the Institute of Molecular Sciences at the University of Bordeaux. The image shows a macroporous gold surface that features an anisotropic molecular layer. Such gradient exhibits a wetting variation generated by reductive desorption of a self‐assembled monolayer by means of bipolar electrochemistry. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700398.
To‐send‐or‐not‐to‐send: An optimal stopping approach to network coding in multi‐hop wireless networks
Authors: Javan Nastooh Taheri , Sabaei Masoud , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNetwork coding is all about combining a variety of packets and forwarding as much packets as possible in each transmission operation. The network coding technique improves the throughput efficiency of multi‐hop wireless networks by taking advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless channels. However, there are some scenarios where the coding cannot be exploited due to the stochastic nature of the packet arrival process in the network. In these cases, the coding node faces 2 critical choices: forwarding the packet towards the destination without coding, thereby sacrificing the advantage of network coding, or waiting for a while until a coding opportunity arises for the packets. Current research works have addressed this challenge for the case of a simple and restricted scheme called reverse carpooling where it is assumed that 2 flows with opposite directions arrive at the coding node. In this paper, the issue is explored in a general sense based on the COPE architecture requiring no assumption about flows in multi‐hop wireless networks. In particular, we address this sequential decision making problem by using the solid framework of optimal stopping theory and derive the optimal stopping rule for the coding node to choose the optimal action to take, ie, to wait for more coding opportunity or to stop immediately (and send packet). Our simulation results validate the effectiveness of the derived optimal stopping rule and show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing methods in terms of network throughput and energy consumption.
Template for using biological trait groupings when exploring large‐scale variation in seafloor multifunctionality
Authors: Villnäs Anna , Hewitt Judi , Snickars Martin , Westerbom Mats , Norkko Alf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding large‐scale spatial variation in ecosystem properties and associated functionality is key for successful conservation of ecosystems. This study provides a template for how to estimate differences in ecosystem functionality over large spatial scales by using groupings of biological traits. We focus on trait groupings that describe three important benthic ecosystem properties, namely bioturbation, community stability, and juvenile dispersal. Recognizing that groups of traits interact and are constrained within an organism, we statistically define important functional trait subgroups that describe each ecosystem property. The sub‐groups are scored according to their weighted ecological impact to gain an overall estimation of the cumulative expression of each ecosystem property at individual sites. Furthermore, by assigning each property a value relative to its observed maximum, and by summing up the individual property values, we offer an estimate of benthic ecosystem multifunctionality. Based on a spatially extensive benthic data set, we were able to identify coastal areas with high and low potential for the considered benthic ecosystem properties and the measure of ecosystem multifunctionality. Importantly, we show that a large part of the spatial variation in functional trait sub‐groups and in benthic ecosystem multifunctionality was explained by environmental change. Our results indicate that through this simplification it is possible to estimate the functionality of the seafloor. Such information is vital in marine spatial planning efforts striving to balance the utilization with the preservation of natural resources.
Undaria pinnatifida: A case study to highlight challenges in marine invasion ecology and management
Authors: Epstein Graham , Smale Dan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMarine invasion ecology and management have progressed significantly over the last 30 years although many knowledge gaps and challenges remain. The kelp Undaria pinnatifida, or “Wakame,” has a global non‐native range and is considered one of the world's “worst” invasive species. Since its first recorded introduction in 1971, numerous studies have been conducted on its ecology, invasive characteristics, and impacts, yet a general consensus on the best approach to its management has not yet been reached. Here, we synthesize current understanding of this highly invasive species and adopt Undaria as a case study to highlight challenges in wider marine invasion ecology and management. Invasive species such as Undaria are likely to continue to spread and become conspicuous, prominent components of coastal marine communities. While in many cases, marine invasive species have detectable deleterious impacts on recipient communities, in many others their influence is often limited and location specific. Although not yet conclusive, Undaria may cause some ecological impact, but it does not appear to drive ecosystem change in most invaded regions. Targeted management actions have also had minimal success. Further research is needed before well‐considered, evidence‐based management decisions can be made. However, if Undaria was to become officially unmanaged in parts of its non‐native range, the presence of a highly productive, habitat former with commercial value and a broad ecological niche, could have significant economic and even environmental benefit. How science and policy reacts to the continued invasion of Undaria may influence how similar marine invasive species are handled in the future.