bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare variants of the 3’-5’ DNA exonuclease TREX1 in early onset small vessel stroke
Authors: McGlasson Sarah , Rannikmäe Kristiina , Bevan Steven , Logan Clare , Bicknell Louise S. , Jury Alexa ,   UK Young Lacunar Stroke Study, Jackson Andrew P. , Markus Hugh S. , Sudlow Cathie , Hunt David P.J. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Monoallelic and biallelic mutations in the exonuclease TREX1 cause monogenic small vessel diseases (SVD). Given recent evidence for genetic and pathophysiological overlap between monogenic and polygenic forms of SVD, evaluation of TREX1 in small vessel stroke is warranted. Methods: We sequenced the TREX1 gene in an exploratory cohort of patients with lacunar stroke (Edinburgh Stroke Study, n=290 lacunar stroke cases). We subsequently performed a fully blinded case-control study of early onset MRI-confirmed small vessel stroke within the UK Young Lacunar Stroke Resource (990 cases, 939 controls). Results: No patients with canonical disease-causing mutations of TREX1 were identified in cases or controls. Analysis of an exploratory cohort identified a potential association between rare variants of TREX1 and patients with lacunar stroke. However, subsequent controlled and blinded evaluation of TREX1 in a larger and MRI-confirmed patient cohort, the UK Young Lacunar Stroke Resource, identified heterozygous rare variants in 2.1% of cases and 2.3% of controls. No association was observed with stroke risk (odds ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-1.65 p=0.74). Similarly no association was seen with rare TREX1 variants with predicted deleterious effects on enzyme function (odds ratio = 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-2.61 p=0.91). Conclusions: No patients with early-onset lacunar stroke had genetic evidence of a TREX1-associated monogenic microangiopathy. These results show no evidence of association between rare variants of TREX1 and early onset lacunar stroke. This includes rare variants that significantly affect protein and enzyme function. Routine sequencing of the TREX1 gene in patients with early onset lacunar stroke is therefore unlikely to be of diagnostic utility, in the absence of syndromic features or family history.
Sport activity of polish runners and the resulting marketing potential
Authors: Waśkowski Zygmunt , Jasiulewicz Anna 
Published: November 2017

Jako cel artykułu przyjęto analizę aktywności sportowej biegaczy i oszacowanie na tej podstawie, reprezentowanego przez nich potencjału marketingowego branży biegowej. Przygotowana publikacja ma zatem charakter empiryczno-poznawczy, jej rezultatem jest identyfikacja zachowań oraz determinant podejmowanych decyzji zakupowych przez osoby aktywne sportowo. Empiryczna część artykułu została przygotowana w oparciu o przeprowadzone dwukrotnie badania ankietowe, na próbie kilku tysięcy biegaczy, skonfrontowane z dostępnymi wynikami innych badań prowadzonych w ostatnich latach na polskim rynku sportu. Zaprezentowane w artykule wyniki badań, odnoszące się do takich zagadnień jak postawa wobec biegania, znaczenie tej aktywności w życiu, rola i ważność źródeł informacji, częstotliwość i miejsca dokonywanych zakupów świadczą o wysokiej niejednorodności zachowań polskich biegaczy. Na podstawie zgromadzonego materiału empirycznego stwierdzono, iż rysujący się potencjał marketingowy tego segmentu rynku z punktu widzenia dostawców jest bardzo obiecujący.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the sport activity of runners and to estimate on this basis their marketing potential in cross-industry. The prepared publication is therefore empirical-cognitive, resulting in the identification of the behavior and the determinants of purchase decisions made by the sports-active persons. The empirical part of the paper was prepared on the basis of one survey conducted twice by one of the authors, on the sample of several thousand runners. The outcomes were confronted with the available results of other studies conducted in recent years on the Polish sports market. The results of the research concerning issues such as attitude towards running, the importance of this activity in life, the role and importance of information sources, the frequency and place of purchases show the high heterogeneity of behavior of Polish runners. Based on the empirical evidence it may be observed that marketing potential of this market segment from the vendor point of view is very promising.
Buyer Intermediation in Supplier Finance
Authors: Tunca Tunay I. , Zhu Weiming 
Published: November 2017

Small suppliers often face challenges to obtain financing for their operations. Especially in developing economies, traditional financing methods can be very costly or unavailable to such suppliers. To reduce channel costs, large buyers have recently begun implementing their own financing methods that intermediate between suppliers and financing institutions. In this paper, we analyze the role and efficiency of buyer intermediation in supplier financing. Building a game-theoretical model, we show that buyer intermediated financing can significantly improve channel performance, and can simultaneously benefit both supply chain participants. Using data from a large Chinese online retailer and through structural regression estimation, we demonstrate that buyer intermediation lowers interest rates and wholesale prices, increases order fill rates, and boosts supplier borrowing. Based on counterfactual analysis on the data, we predict that the implementation of buyer intermediated financing will improve channel profits by 13.05%, increasing supplier and retailer profits by more than 10% each, and yielding approximately $44 million projected savings for the retailer.The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2863 .This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
The Impact of Obesity on Medical Care Costs and Labor Market Outcomes in the US
Authors: Biener Adam , Cawley John , Meyerhoefer Chad 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically in most countries of the world, and the economic consequences of obesity are not well understood.METHODSWe analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for 2001–2015 and estimated the percentage of healthcare costs that were associated with adult obesity, both for the US as a whole and for the most populous states. We also reviewed the literature on the impact of obesity on economic outcomes such as medical care costs, employment, and wages.RESULTSThe percent of US national medical expenditures devoted to treating obesity-related illness in adults rose from 6.13% in 2001 to 7.91% in 2015, an increase of 29%. Substantial differences existed across states; in 2015, some states (AZ, CA, FL, NY) devoted 5%–6% of medical expenditures to obesity, whereas others (NC, OH, WI) spent &gt;12% of all healthcare dollars on obesity. A review of previous literature that exploited natural experiments to estimate causal effects found that obesity raises medical care costs and lowers wages and the probability of employment.CONCLUSIONSA substantial and rising percentage of healthcare costs are associated with obesity. This is true for the US, for individual states, for each category of expenditure, and for each type of payer. Previous literature generally found that obesity worsens economic outcomes, such as medical care costs, wages, and employment, and imposes negative external costs that may justify government intervention.
Planning Risk-Based SQC Schedules for Bracketed Operation of Continuous Production Analyzers
Authors: Westgard James O , Bayat Hassan , Westgard Sten A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To minimize patient risk, “bracketed” statistical quality control (SQC) is recommended in the new CLSI guidelines for SQC (C24-Ed4). Bracketed SQC requires that a QC event both precedes and follows (brackets) a group of patient samples. In optimizing a QC schedule, the frequency of QC or run size becomes an important planning consideration to maintain quality and also facilitate responsive reporting of results from continuous operation of high production analytic systems.

METHODS
Different plans for optimizing a bracketed SQC schedule were investigated on the basis of Parvin's model for patient risk and CLSI C24-Ed4's recommendations for establishing QC schedules. A Sigma-metric run size nomogram was used to evaluate different QC schedules for processes of different sigma performance.

RESULTS
For high Sigma performance, an effective SQC approach is to employ a multistage QC procedure utilizing a “startup” design at the beginning of production and a “monitor” design periodically throughout production. Example QC schedules are illustrated for applications with measurement procedures having 6-σ, 5-σ, and 4-σ performance.

CONCLUSIONS
Continuous production analyzers that demonstrate high σ performance can be effectively controlled with multistage SQC designs that employ a startup QC event followed by periodic monitoring or bracketing QC events. Such designs can be optimized to minimize the risk of harm to patients.
New Insights into Cardiac and Vascular Natriuretic Peptides: Findings from Young Adults Born with Very Low Birth Weight
Authors: Prickett Timothy C R , Darlow Brian A , Troughton Richard W , Cameron Vicky A , Elliott John M , Martin Julia , Horwood L John , Espiner Eric A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In community studies, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is positively associated with cardiovascular disorders. Those born with very low birth weight (VLBW) have increased risk of metabolic and vascular disorders in later life, but plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides have not been studied. The objectives here were to evaluate BNP and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)—a putative marker of vascular risk—in young adults born with VLBW.

METHODS
In all, 220 VLBW cases and 97 matched controls were studied 28 years after birth during a 2-day period at 1 research center. Aminoterminal (NT) products (NTproBNP, NTproCNP) and a range of conventional vascular risk factors including echocardiographic indices were measured along with genetic polymorphisms known to increase plasma NTproBNP.

RESULTS
VLBW individuals were smaller, had smaller hearts, reduced stroke volume and endothelial function, and higher systolic blood pressure and arterial elastance. Of the many humoral vascular and metabolic risk factors measured, including NTproBNP, only plasma NTproCNP (higher in VLBW individuals) differed significantly. Across all individuals, associations of NTproCNP with each of 7 conventional risk factors, as well as with arterial elastance, were positive, whereas associations of NTproBNP with risk were all inverse. In multivariate analysis, the genetic variant rs198358 was independently associated with NTproBNP.

CONCLUSIONS
In young adults at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, higher NTproCNP likely reflects a compensatory vascular response to vascular stress, whereas the negative link with NTproBNP likely reflects beneficial genetic mutations. The ratio of NTproBNP to NTproCNP may provide a novel index of ideal cardiovascular health.
Adiposity and Genetic Factors in Relation to Triglycerides and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in the Women's Genome Health Study
Authors: Ahmad Shafqat , Mora Samia , Franks Paul W , Orho-Melander Marju , Ridker Paul M , Hu Frank B , Chasman Daniel I 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Previous results from Scandinavian cohorts have shown that obesity accentuates the effects of common genetic susceptibility variants on increased triglycerides (TG). Whether such interactions are present in the US population and further selective for particular TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions is unknown.

METHODS
We examined these questions using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among women of European ancestry from the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS) (n = 21840 for BMI; n = 19313 for WC). A weighted genetic risk score (TG-wGRS) based on 40 published TG-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated using published effect estimates.

RESULTS
Comparing overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and normal weight (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) WGHS women, each unit increase of TG-wGRS was associated with TG increases of 1.013% and 1.011%, respectively, and this differential association was significant (Pinteraction = 0.014). Metaanalyses combining results for WGHS BMI with the 4 Scandinavian cohorts (INTER99, HEALTH2006, GLACIER, MDC) (total n = 40026) yielded a more significant interaction (Pinteraction = 0.001). Similarly, we observed differential association of the TG-wGRS with TG (Pinteraction = 0.006) in strata of WC (&lt;80 cm vs ≥80 cm). Metaanalysis with 2 additional cohorts reporting WC (INTER99 and HEALTH2006) (total n = 27834) was significant with consistent effects (Pinteraction = 0.006). We also observed highly significant interactions of the TG-wGRS across the strata of BMI with very large, medium, and small TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (all Pinteractions &lt; 0.0001). The differential effects were strongest for very large TG-rich lipoprotein.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results support the original findings and suggest that obese individuals may be more susceptible to aggregated genetic risk associated with common TG-raising alleles, with effects accentuated in the large TG-rich lipoprotein subfraction.
SINTESA NATRIUM SIANAT DARI UREA DAN NATRIUM KARBONAT : EKSPERIMEN DAN MODEL SIMULASI
Authors: Ismail Taufik , Mahfud Muahfud , Handogo R.Handogo 
Published: November 2017

Eksperimen sintesa natrium sianat dari urea dan natrium karbonat menggunakan pelarut 1,2,4-triklorobenzene (TCB) telah dilangsungkan dalam r eaktor batch yang dilengkapi pengaduk jaket pemanas dan sistim pengeluaran gas. TBC dan natrium karbonat dipanaskan berurutan pada suhu 130oC diawal proses untuk mengeluarkan kandungan airnya, dilanjutkan penambahan sebagain dari kebutuhan urea sedikit demi sedikit. Suhu dinaikkan menjadi 140 oC dan dipertahankan selama 1,5 jam sementara ini sisa urea juga ditambahkan TCB dapat melarutkan urea namun tidak melarutkan natrium karbonat. Selanjutnya suhu reaksi divariasikan ke 140o sampai 200o C pada tekanan atmosfer, waktu 2,5 jam. Dengan menggunakan rasio mol urea terhadap natrium karbonat 2/1 dan rasio berat TCB terhadap urea 5/1, pada suhu 200o C hasil natrium sianat yang didapat tertinggi adalah 93,4 % berat. Proses berlangsung dalam campuran yang heterogen, melibatkan perpindahan massa urea ke permukaan natrium karbonat. Produk natrium sianat yang padat diperkirakan tetumpuk dipermukaan partikel natrium karbonat yang belum bereaksi. shrinking unreacted core model telah digunakan untuk membuat model simulai sintesa natrium sianat ini. Hasil perhitungan simulasi telah memberikankecocokan dengan hasil eksperimen, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dalam kurva hasil eksperimen dan hasil perhitungan simulasinya.
CHARACTERISATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PINEAPPLE WASTE
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Mat Hanafi 
Published: November 2017

The pineapple waste is contain high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended solid. As a result it has a high BOD and extremes of pH conditions. The pineapple wastes juice contains mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose and other nutrients. The characterisation this waste is needed to reduce it by recycling to get raw material or for conversion into useful product of higher value added products such as organic acid, methane , ethanol, SCP and enzyme. Analysis of sugar indicates that liquid waste contains mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose. The dominant sugar was fructose, glucose and sucrose. The fructose and glucose levels were similar to each other, with fructose usually slightly higher than glucose. The total sugar and citric acid content were 73.76 and 2.18 g/l. The sugar content in solid waste is glucose and fructose was 8.24 and 12.17 %, no sucrose on this waste
APPLICATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION FOR HERBAL MEDICINE WASTE AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION
Authors: Soetrisnanto Danny , Christwardana Marcelinus , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto 
Published: November 2017

Herbal industry in Indonesia is progressing very rapidly. Increasing number of herbal medicineindustries lead to an increase of the waste which are normally processed in anaerobic ponds by usingchemical and biological process. However this process are not economical feasible and therefore analternative method by using natural resource is required. Phytoremediation is an environmentalfriendly method to reduce contaminant using aquatic plant. This method uses water plant to reduceCOD and nutrients content in the waste. Since the waste still high content of nutrient, therefore it ispotential for medium growth of algae Spirulina. This study was aimed to evaluate the use of variousplant species (water hyacinth and lotus) in decreasing contaminant and to determine optimal nutrientcomposition of the growth media. The phytoremediation was performed in 3-8 days and height ofliquid in the tank was maintained constant at 5 cm. The effluent of first phytoremediation wastransferred to second stage for cultivation of Spirulina with 15 days of cultivation time. The externalnutrients were added each 2 days and the concentration of biomass was measured for its opticaldensity. Spirulina grow well in herbal medicine waste that has been phytoremediation with lotus for 3days and had a CNP ratio amounted to 57.790 : 9.281 : 1 with a growth rate of 0.271/day. Industri obat di Indonesia tumbuh sangat cepat. Pertumbuhan inimengakibatkan meningkatnya limbah yang umumnya dilakukan dalam kolam anaerobik denganmenggunakan proses kimia dan biologi. Namun demikian, proses tersebut belum menunjukkan hasilekonomis sehingga diperlukan metode lain yang relatif aman dan ekonomis. Salah satu cara yangdapat digunakan adalah phytoremediasi mengguanakn tanaman air untuk mengurangi kandunganCOD dalam limbah dan nutrient. Dikarenakan limbah masih mengandung nutrient yang cukup banyak,maka limbah tersebut juga sangat potensial untuk digunakan sebagai medium mikroalga. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tanaman air (enceng gondok dan teratai) untukmereduksi kontaminan dalam limbah obat jamu. Phytoremediasi dilakukan selama 4-8 hari dan tinggicairan dalam reaktor dijaga pada 5 cm. Keluaran dari phytoremediasi pertama menggunakantanaman air digunakan sebagai medium di phytoremediasi menggunakan mikroalga Spirulina. Untukmendapakan pertumbuhan yang optimum, maka ditambahakan juga nutrient dan menunjukkan bahwaSpirulina tumbuh dengan sangat baik dalam medium ini. Pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh dariphytoremediasi menggunakan teratai selama 3 hari dan kecepatan pertumbuhan 0,271/hari denganperbandingan C:N:P = 57,790:9,28:1.
THE DETERMINATION OF SALINITY AND NUTRITION (NaH2PO4) PROFILE IN Nannochloropsis oculata CULTIVATION TO GAIN MAXIMUM LIPID
Authors: Purba Elida , Siburian Kenjiro 
Published: November 2017

The determination of salinity and nutrition (NaH2PO4) profile in Nannochloropsis oculata cultivationto gain maximum lipid was investigated. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimumsalinity and nutrition (NaH2PO4) to gain maximum lipid in Nannochloropsis oculata. Phosphor canbe obtained by adding NaH2PO4 and a salinity enhancement can be applied by adding NaCl to theculture. This research was run by matching each variable of salinity (33, 34, 35, and 36 ppt) to eachvariable of NaH2PO4 (5, 10 and 15 ppm) randomly. The results show that the percentage of maximumlipid in Nannochloropsis oculata was obtained at 35 ppt and 5 ppm NaH2PO4 (37.68 %). Neverthelessthe maximum lipid percentage is low and it can be caused by some factors, such as the dryingtemperature for preparing the dry microalgae to extract, the cell disruption method and the extractionsolvent used. By seeing the results, salinity can affect the total lipid in Nannochloropsis oculata. Thegreater the salinity in culture the greater the lipid content in Nannochloropsis oculata. Otherwise adifferent response was obtained by adding NaH2PO4. If NaH2PO4 concentration is greater, the lipidcontained Nannochloropsis oculata will be lower Penentuan profilsalinitas dan nutrisi (NaH2PO4) pada pembiakan Nannochloropsis oculata untuk memperoleh lipidmaksimum diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan salinitas dan nutrisi (NaH2PO4)optimum untuk memperoleh lipid maksimum pada Nannochloropsis oculata. Fosfor dapat diperolehdengan menambahkan NaH2PO4 pada kultur dan peningkatan salinitas dapat dilakukan denganmenambahkan NaCl pada kultur. Penelitian ini dijalankan dengan mencocokkan setiap variabelsalinitas (33, 34, 35, dan 36 ppt) dengan setiap variabel NaH2PO4 (5, 10 dan 15 ppm) secara acak.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa persentase lipid maksimum pada Nannochloropsis oculata diperoleh padasalinitas 35 ppt dan 5 ppm NaH2PO4 (37,68 %). Walaupun demikian, persentase lipid maksimummasih tergolong rendah dan hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti temperaturpengeringan yang diterapkan, metode cell disruption dan pelarut ekstraksi yang digunakan. Denganmempelajari hasil yang telah didapat, salinitas dapat mempengaruhi lipid total padaNannochloropsis oculata. Semakin tinggi salinitas pada biakan, semakin tinggi kandungan lipid padaNannochloropsis oculata. Sebaliknya didapatkan respon yang berbeda saat menambahkan NaH2PO4.Apabila konsentrasi NaH2PO4 semakin tinggi, maka lipid yang terkandung pada Nannochloropsisoculata akan menjadi lebih rendah.
PENINGKATAN KECERAHAN PADA PROSES SINTESIS SURFAKTAN NONIONIK ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA (APG) BERBASIS TAPIOKA DAN DODEKANOL
Authors: Bastian Februadi , Suryani Ani , Sunarti Titi Candra 
Published: November 2017

Alkylpolyglycosides (APG) is a nonionic surfactant that has been getting some green labels such asEcocert, EU Eco-flower and Green Seal as an environmentally friendly surfactant. Sugar is the mainraw material which is supplied the hydrophilic group, and fatty alcohol as hydrophobic group. Someundesirable compounds formed during the APG production and caused low quality. The aim of thisresearch to increase the quality and performance of APG, by controlling its process. Addition 0-10%of activated carbon and 0-0.3% of NaBH4 in APG pre-purification process; 2% (w/w) of H2O2, 35%and 500 ppm of MgO in the bleaching process were examined to process high quality and highperformance of APG. The best APG was obtained from purification step by addition 0% of activatedcarbon and 0.2% of NaBH4, with the characteristics of clarity of 59.02(%T); the ability to reducesurface and interfacial tensions at 1% concentration were 61.94% and 95.6% respectively; 81.71%of stability of emulsion, 62.5% of foam height and stable up to 315 minutes. Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) merupakan surfaktan nonionic yang telah mendapatkan beberapa greenlabel seperti Ecocert, EU Eco-flower Green Seal dan sebagainya sebagai surfaktan yang ramahlingkungan. Bahan dasar APG yaitu gula untuk membentuk gugus hidrofiliknya dan fatty alcoholuntuk membentuk gugus hidrofobiknya. Permasalahan dalam produksi APG adalah timbulnya warnagelap yang tidak dikehendaki yang menyebabkan penurunan mutu APG. Tujuan dari penelitian iniyaitu untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kinerja dari APG. Untuk meningkatkan kecerahan APG, makasebelum dilakukan proses destilasi dilakukan penambahan arang aktif 0-10% serta NaBH4 0-0,3%.Pada proses pemucatan ditambahkan 2% (b/b) H2O2 35% dan MgO 500 ppm. Hasil terbaik yaitupenambahan arang aktif 0% dan NaBH4 0,2% dengan karakteristik kecerahan 59,02(%T);kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan dan antar muka pada konsentrasi 1% sebesar 61,94%dan 95,6%; kestabilan emulsi 81,71%, tinggi busa 62,5% dan umur busa 315 menit.