bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering technologies literacy: integrating technical vocabulary into the primary school Technologies curriculum for young learners
Authors: Cerovac Milorad , Keane Therese 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTechnologies curriculum is synonymous with practical learning opportunities that provide students with vocational pathways, apprenticeships, and/or traineeships, in addition to tertiary education. As with any curriculum learning area, a base set of terms that reflect the key knowledge and skills are crucial for students to communicate effectively their understanding and achievement in that learning area. Technologies curriculum is no different. Vocabulary and language acquisition has been well researched in English and non-English language studies, and while there is some understanding of the use of technical language and vocabulary development in the research literature, this has been more prevalent in the vocational educational space. There remains limited understanding of the development and use of technical language, specifically technical vocabulary or terminology, which is posited by the authors to be central to successful problem-solving in the Technologies school curriculum. This paper provides an early insight into the use of technical language and vocabulary by young primary school students (ages 8–10), while working collaboratively on practical Design and Technologies problem-solving activities. By exposing students to three practical problem-solving activities involving students working collaboratively, the authors strove to understand how technical language/vocabulary influenced students’ collaborative problem-solving outcomes. The three activities were models of machines of varying difficulty: simple windmill, complicated tower crane, and complex steerable boat. This study found that the effectiveness of language use, technical vocabulary and problem comprehension strategies should be considered important factors in producing higher quality models and enhancing students collaborative problem-solving skills, especially in complex design-based engineering activities.
Gigartina skottsbergii Setchell & N.L.Gardner (Rhodophyta) Incorporated Organic@Inorganic Hybrid Cu3(PO4)2 Nanoflowers with an Intrinsic Antioxidant and Catalytic Activities
Authors: Halici Mehmet Gökhan , Muhy Haydar Matz , Koca Fatih Doğan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the extract of one of the red algae, Gigartina skottsbergii was used for synthesis of organic@inorganic hybrid nanoflower (hNFs) for the first time. hNFs were sytematically synthesized with different concentrations of algal extract (from 0.5 to 1.65 ml) and Cu2+ in different pHs (7.4 and 9) of PBS. Hierarchical synthesis of hNFs in the PBS buffer did not occur in the acidic medium (pH: 5). The morphological structures of hNFs were detailed with FE-SEM images. hNFs synthesized in morphology closest to the ideal flower structure with variable algal extract concentrations and pH were determined by FE-SEM. Organic and inorganic groups (structural components of hNFs), crystallinity of optimum synthesized hNFs were detailed by FT-IR, EDX and XRD analysis, respectively. It has been recorded that synthesized hNFs have antioxidant properties. hNFs have captured catalytic dyes with peroxidase-like activity. The ability of hNFs in destroying the dye in the presence of H2O2 has been attributed to the Fenton reaction. As a result, an easily applicable, inexpensive, one-step catalyst was synthesized using the Fenton mechanism. It is foreseen that the study data can be applied for nanotechnology field and basic sciences.
Shared decision-making and detection of comorbidities in an online acromegaly consultation with and without the Acromegaly Disease Activity Tool ACRODAT® using the simulated person approach
Authors: Friedel Anna Lena , Schock Lisa , Siegel Sonja , Fritz Angelika Hiroko , Unger Nicole , Harbeck Birgit , Dammann Philipp , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
A patient-centered approach to the management of acromegaly includes disease activity control, shared decision-making and identification of comorbidities. The Acromegaly Disease Activity Tool (ACRODAT®) is intended to assist physicians in providing such holistic management. The present study investigated this claim using the simulated person (SP) approach.

Methods
We studied patient-doctor interaction via online video consultation in a randomized prospective study design with SPs trained to simulate a specific acromegaly profile. We analyzed the proportion of conversation time devoted to health content and the specific acromegaly and comorbidity relevant categories mentioned in the conversation. We collected physicians’ feedback on the usefulness of ACRODAT®, SPs subjective perception of the quality of the conversation and compared consultations with and without ACRODAT® using a qualitative approach.

Results
The sample (N = 30) consisted of endocrinologists treating patients with acromegaly in Germany. For SP-physician interactions (N = 60), the proportion of time spent on conversation content (e.g. IGF-I, quality of life) was distributed according to the focus of the patient profile. Comorbidities were less well identified than the need for a change in therapy. Only 18.3% of the SPs were actively asked to participate in the decision-making process. ACRODAT® did not lead to any significant differences in the course of the discussion.

Conclusions
Shared decision-making was underrepresented in this SP-physician interaction in acromegaly management. Physicians adapted the content of the discussion to the SP’s needs, but did not adequately address comorbidities. According to the analysis criteria used, ACRODAT® did not contribute to a more holistic patient management in the present study.
Exploring similarities and differences between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in dogs
Authors: Morganti Giulia , Rigamonti Giulia , Brustenga Leonardo , Calgaro Valentina , Angeli Giovanni , Moretta Iolanda , Diaferia Manuela , Veronesi Fabrizia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in dogs are predominantly manifest asymptomatic. However, these infections can also present highly varied and potentially severe clinical signs. This is due to the parasites’ ability to replicate in a number of cell types within the host organism, with N. caninum exhibiting a particular tropism for the central and peripheral nervous systems, and T. gondii targeting the central nervous system and musculature. In clinical practice, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are often considered to be closely related diseases, despite their distinct epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics. The present review analyses the similarities and differences between these two protozoan infections, since an accurate and timely aetiological diagnosis is essential for establishing effective therapeutic protocols and control strategies.
Interplay of education and DNA methylation age on cognitive impairment: insights from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Ware Erin B. , Higgins Tejera César , Wang Herong , Harris Sean , Fisher Jonah D. , Bakulski Kelly M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFew studies have assessed the association of educational attainment on dementia and cognitive impairment through DNA methylation age acceleration, while accommodating exposure-mediator interaction effects. We evaluated the mediation role of six epigenetic clocks with dementia, cognitive impairment non-dementia, and normal cognition, while accommodating exposure-mediator interaction effects. To understand the joint association of low education (≤12 years) and DNA methylation age acceleration (yes/no) in relation to cognitive impairment, we used weighted logistic regression, adjusting for chronological age, sex, race/ethnicity, and cell type composition. We performed four-way mediation and interaction decomposition analysis. Analyses were conducted on 2016 venous blood study participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 3724). Both GrimAge acceleration (OR = 1.6 95%CI 1.3–2.1) and low educational attainment (OR = 2.4 95%CI 1.9–3.0) were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment in a mutually adjusted logistic model. We found additive interaction associations between low education and GrimAge acceleration on dementia. We observed that 6–8% of the association of education on dementia was mediated through GrimAge acceleration. While mediation effects were small, the portion of the association of education on dementia due to additive interaction with GrimAge acceleration was between 23.6 and 29.2%. These results support the interplay of social disadvantage and biological aging processes on impaired cognition.
Traffic Accidents: The Contrasting Roles of Life Satisfaction and Anxiety
Authors: Boardman Kirsten , Grimes Arthur 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is well established that people with low subjective wellbeing have heightened traffic accident risk. However, the roles of particular mental states, including overall evaluative subjective wellbeing and specific forms of mental distress such as depression or anxiety, have not hitherto been disentangled. Using an official representative population survey, we show that different forms of mental distress are associated with single versus multiple accident prevalence within a year. Anxiety (a lack of calmness) is strongly associated with having an accident. By contrast, conditional on having had at least one accident, overall life satisfaction is more strongly associated with having multiple accidents than are anxiety, depression or overall mental health. The relationship is n-shaped so that people with moderately low wellbeing have the highest multiple accident probability. These results are robust to the exclusion of respondents for whom reverse causality may be present and to the inclusion of variables representing other risky behaviours and representing social isolation. The findings imply that specific forms of intervention are likely to be needed to reduce accidents for people with moderately low subjective wellbeing who may engage in habitual risky behaviours that result in multiple accidents.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of segmental adrenal venous sampling with radiofrequency ablation for primary aldosteronism in Japan
Authors: Yanagaki Satoru , Omata Kei , Oguro Sota , Ota Hideki , Sato Tomomi , Kamada Hiroki , Tannai Hiromitsu , Tezuka Yuta , Ono Yoshikiyo , Sato Miho , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Takase Kei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of comprehensive treatment strategy, including segmental adrenal venous sampling (sAVS) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), versus medication-only strategy for primary aldosteronism.

Materials and methods
A Markov decision model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment strategy and a medication-only strategy for 50-year-old men and women with stage I–III hypertension. The comprehensive treatment strategy included aldosterone/renin ratio measurement, two loading tests, computed tomography, sAVS, drugs, surgery, and RFA. We built a model with a yearly cycle over 32- and 38-year time horizons for men and women, respectively, and four health states: hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and death. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as Japanese yen per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), was estimated, and strategy preference was determined on the basis of 5 million Japanese yen per QALY societal willingness-to-pay threshold.

Results
The ICERs of the comprehensive treatment strategy over the medication-only strategy were 201,482 and 3,399 JPY per QALY for men and women, respectively. The resultant ICER was less than the 5 million JPY societal willingness-to-pay threshold. Deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that the results varied with the input values, but the comprehensive strategy was likely to be more cost-effective than the medication-only strategy.

Conclusion
This cost-effectiveness study revealed that a comprehensive treatment strategy including sAVS and RFA was favorable compared with the medication-only strategy for managing stage I–III hypertension in 50-year-old men and women, with acceptable willingness-to-pay thresholds.

Secondary abstract
This cost-effectiveness study revealed that a comprehensive treatment strategy for primary aldosteronism that included segmental adrenal sampling and radiofrequency ablation was favorable compared with the medication-only strategy for managing stage I–III hypertension in 50-year-old men and women, with acceptable willingness-to-pay thresholds.
Navigating Regime Complexes in Turbulent Times—The EU’s Interaction with Other International Organizations in Crises
Authors: Daßler Benjamin , Bandemer Sandra , Rittberger Berthold , Weiß Moritz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, the European Union (EU) has confronted multiple crises, which have prompted swift political responses from the EU’s member states and institutions. While there is a broad literature about the EU’s internal responses to crises, we know much less about the EU’s interactions with external actors. Because the EU is part of issue-specific regime complexes, it has cultivated relationships with international organizations (IOs) across a multitude of issues. We argue that during crises, the EU has heightened incentives to complement its internal crisis response by interactions with other IOs that vary in their qualities. How can the EU’s external engagement during crises be conceptualized and theoretically explained? Drawing on the regime complexity literature, we identify three different types of interactions among IOs to conceptualize the EU’s varying external engagements during crises periods: pooling, division of labor, and competition. We further argue that under the condition of regime complexity, the choice of interorganizational interaction is shaped by the convergence of means and ends among the respective dyads of IOs. To illustrate the usefulness of our typology for the study of the EU’s external responses to crises, as well as the plausibility of our argument, we analyze three instances of EU–IO relationships in crisis contexts: pooling between the EU and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to address the sovereign debt crisis, division of labor between the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, and competition between the EU and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) during the “migration crisis.”
Cerebellum and basal ganglia connectivity in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory study
Authors: Firbank Michael J. , Pasquini Jacopo , Best Laura , Foster Victoria , Sigurdsson Hilmar P. , Anderson Kirstie N. , Petrides George , Brooks David J. , Pavese Nicola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractREM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by dream-enacting behaviour with loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and is a prodromal feature of α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Although cortical-to-subcortical connectivity is well-studied in RBD, cerebellar and subcortical nuclei reciprocal connectivity is less established. Nonetheless, it could be relevant since RBD pathology involves brainstem structures with an ascending gradient. In this study, we utilised resting-state functional MRI to investigate 13 people with isolated RBD (iRBD), 17 with Parkinson’s disease and 16 healthy controls. We investigated the connectivity between the basal ganglia, thalamus and regions of the cerebellum. The cerebellum was segmented using a functional atlas, defined by a resting-state network-based parcellation, rather than an anatomical one. Controlling for age, we found a significant group difference (F4,82 = 5.47, pFDR = 0.017) in cerebellar-thalamic connectivity, with iRBD significantly lower compared to both control and Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, cerebellar areas involved in this connectivity reduction were related to the default mode, language and fronto-parietal resting-state networks. Our findings show functional connectivity abnormalities in subcortical structures that are specific to iRBD and may be relevant from a pathophysiological standpoint. Further studies are needed to investigate how connectivity changes progress over time and whether specific changes predict disease course or phenoconversion.
Machine Learning Based Prediction of Imminent ICP Insults During Neurocritical Care of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Galos Peter , Hult Ludvig , Zachariah Dave , Lewén Anders , Hånell Anders , Howells Timothy , Schön Thomas B. , Enblad Per 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In neurointensive care, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a feared secondary brain insult in traumatic brain injury (TBI). A system that predicts ICP insults before they emerge may facilitate early optimization of the physiology, which may in turn lead to stopping the predicted ICP insult from occurring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different artificial intelligence models in predicting the risk of ICP insults.

Methods
The models were trained to predict risk of ICP insults starting within 30 min, using the Uppsala high frequency TBI dataset. A restricted dataset consisting of only monitoring data were used, and an unrestricted dataset using monitoring data as well as clinical data, demographic data, and radiological evaluations was used. Four different model classes were compared: Gaussian process regression, logistic regression, random forest classifier, and Extreme Gradient Boosted decision trees (XGBoost).

Results
Six hundred and two patients with TBI were included (total monitoring 138,411 h). On the task of predicting upcoming ICP insults, the Gaussian process regression model performed similarly on the Uppsala high frequency TBI dataset (sensitivity 93.2%, specificity 93.9%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 98.3%), as in earlier smaller studies. Using a more flexible model (XGBoost) resulted in a comparable performance (sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 94.6%, AUROC 98.7%). Adding more clinical variables and features further improved the performance of the models slightly (XGBoost: sensitivity 94.1%, specificity of 94.6%, AUROC 98.8%).

Conclusions
Artificial intelligence models have potential to become valuable tools for predicting ICP insults in advance during neurointensive care. The fact that common off-the-shelf models, such as XGBoost, performed well in predicting ICP insults opens new possibilities that can lead to faster advances in the field and earlier clinical implementations.
Depth-based interactive assistive system for dementia care
Authors: Ballester Irene , Gall Markus , Münzer Thomas , Kampel Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDementia often leads to reduced autonomy and the need for help with activities of daily living, such as the use of the lavatory. In response, we present ToiletHelp, a novel system to provide automated, step-by-step guidance to individuals with dementia when using the lavatory. In such an intimate environment, it is crucial to maintain the user’s privacy, which ToiletHelp achieves by sensing only depth maps. ToiletHelp uses a depth sensor to detect when the user is in need of assistance and tailors the guidance accordingly, using a combination of verbal and visual prompts. Our main contribution is the development of the first assistance system for people with dementia in such a sensitive environment as the lavatory. In addition, what sets ToiletHelp apart is its comprehensive involvement of 60 participants, 33 end-users and 27 healthcare workers, throughout its development process. A user-centered evaluation validates the interaction design, demonstrating enhanced feelings of security and independence among older adults, as well as successful comprehension of instructions by participants with dementia. Caregivers report high satisfaction with the system’s modalities and confirm its effectiveness in reducing their workload while assisting end-users. These findings not only validate the success of ToiletHelp and underscore its potential benefits but also contribute to the field of human-computer interaction design. Our comprehensive analysis of the results provides valuable information for researchers developing solutions for individuals with dementia, which is especially valuable given the limited existing literature on the subject.
Improving the communication of multifactorial cancer risk assessment results for different audiences: a co-design process
Authors: Donoso Francisca Stutzin , Carver Tim , Ficorella Lorenzo , Fennell Nichola , Antoniou Antonis C. , Easton Douglas F. , Tischkowitz Marc , Walter Fiona M. , Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Archer Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Multifactorial cancer risk prediction tools, such as CanRisk, are increasingly being incorporated into routine healthcare. Understanding risk information and communicating risk is challenging and healthcare professionals rely substantially on the outputs of risk prediction tools to communicate results. This work aimed to produce a new CanRisk report so users can directly access key information and communicate risk estimates effectively.

Methods
Over a 13-month period, we led an 8-step co-design process with patients, the public, and healthcare professionals. Steps comprised 1) think aloud testing of the original CanRisk report; 2) structured feedback on the original report; 3) literature review; 4) development of a new report prototype; 5) first round of structured feedback; 6) updating the new report prototype; 7) second round of structured feedback; and 8) finalising and publishing the new CanRisk report.

Results
We received 56 sets of feedback from 34 stakeholders. Overall, the original CanRisk report was not suitable for patients and the public. Building on the feedback, the new report has an overview of the information presented: section one summarises key information for individuals; sections two and three present information for healthcare professionals in different settings. New features also include explanatory text, definitions, graphs, keys and tables to support the interpretation of the information.

Discussion
This co-design experience shows the value of collaboration for the successful communication of complex health information. As a result, the new CanRisk report has the potential to better support shared decision-making processes about cancer risk management across clinical settings.