bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Mesofracture Process of Asphalt Mixture Using Digital Image Processing and Extended Finite-Element Method
Authors: Zhang L. , Ren Z. , Lu Q. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study combines the digital image processing (DIP) technique and extended finite-element method (XFEM) to analyze the crack initiation and propagation mechanism of an asphalt mixture in the indirect tensile test (IDT) at a mesoscopic level. Digital camera images (DCIs) of an asphalt mixture were used to generate mesoscale geometric information of the mixture structure, which was then processed by the free mesh generation technique to build a mesh model of the mixture mesostructure. By introducing a bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM) and the XFEM, the mesh model was used to simulate the complete failure process of the asphalt mixture in the IDT. After validation with laboratory test results and theoretical solutions, the model was used to investigate the crack initiation and propagation process and the stress distribution in the asphalt mixture. It was found that the developed finite-element model cannot only produce simulation results that are consistent with laboratory test results and theoretical solutions, but also provide detailed information, such as the stress distribution in between the aggregate and mastic. In the IDT, crack initiates in weak areas around the interface between asphalt mortar and aggregates. Multiple cracks would occur in the stress concentration areas, and then propagate along both ends at various rates. During crack propagation, crack width plays a leading role. Results of this study showed that the adopted mesostructure analysis method can overcome some shortcomings of conventional finite-element methods and, hence, may provide an effective way for improving the design of flexible pavements.
Effect of Heat Treatment and Surface Condition on Inter-Granular Corrosion of Alloy 800
Authors: Nayak I. K. , Rao S. V. R. , Kapoor K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The alloy 800 is being used for steam generator tubings for pressurized heavy-water reactors (PHWRs). This material is susceptible to degradation because of severe operating conditions, like high temperature, stress, and corrosive environment. These degradation mechanisms include primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC), secondary side or outer diameter stress corrosion cracking (ODSCC), inter-granular corrosion (IGC), fretting, wear, denting, high cycle fatigue, corrosion fatigue, etc. The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of solution annealing temperatures, sensitization treatments, and surface conditions on the corrosion rate. The alloy 800 tubular samples were investigated by means of a conventional corrosion test (according to ASTM G28-02) and an electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test. Susceptibility to inter-granular corrosion under various experimental parameters was examined by using both the test methods and the results are compared. The observed trends in corrosion rate obtained by using conventional method and EPR test were found to be similar. These results were used to obtain most optimum heat-treatment parameters and surface condition, which will yield best corrosion resistance.
Comercio y marketing internacional de Alejandro E. Lerma Kirchner y Enrique Márquez Castro: Análisis crítico
Authors: Avendaño Quesada Cristel 
Published: September 2016

El presente documento pretende indagar el tema del comercio y marketing internacional desde el análisis crítico del libro Comercio y Marketing Internacional de Alejandro E. Lerma Kirchner y Enrique Márquez Castro. Lo anterior, en el marco de la posición estratégica que ocupa el comercio exterior en los países en desarrollo, los cuales lo utilizan como medio para expandir sus economías y ocupar de esta manera una posición más competitiva en el ámbito internacional.Asimismo, pretende resaltar la importancia del conocimiento del marketing internacional en las economías en desarrollo, con el propósito de que estas puedan emplear con mayor éxito los planes de inserción a nuevos mercados
Relaciones internacionales y comercio internacional: Más que una correspondencia académica, un trato histórico
Authors: López Zuñiga Daniel 
Published: September 2016

Un tema que se ha prestado para la discusión académica en Costa Rica y Latinoamérica en los últimos años ha sido la pertinencia del estudio de temáticas económicas y comerciales en las escuelas de relaciones internacionales. Por esto, se tiene una necesidad de realizar una revisióndel origen mismo de nuestra profesión. En este documento se hace una descripción del manejo temático dado al comercio internacional en relacionesinternacionales, de manera que se pueda comprender su vínculo politológico, hurgando, incluso, en su objeto material y su objeto formal, que nos refiere a la antropología misma.También, se busca demostrar con evidencias históricas y antropológicas del parentesco entre relaciones internacionales y comercio internacional, tomando como parámetro los negocios entre centros de poder y reflexionado sobre algunos autores que nos permiten revelar dicho origen. Finalmente, se aborda la diplomacia y su difuso vínculo con el comercio internacional, tema tendencial de la integración como un nodo que nos remite a la esencia de la diplomacia y a comprender, así, la correspondencia académica de relaciones internacionales y comercio.
Brief Primary Care Obesity Interventions: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sim Leslie A. , Lebow Jocelyn , Wang Zhen , Koball Afton , Murad M. Hassan 
Published: September 2016

CONTEXT:
Although practice guidelines suggest that primary care providers working with children and adolescents incorporate BMI surveillance and counseling into routine practice, the evidence base for this practice is unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the effect of brief, primary care interventions for pediatric weight management on BMI.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, CENTRAL, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched for relevant publications from January 1976 to March 2016 and cross-referenced with published studies.

STUDY SELECTION:
Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that compared the effect of office-based primary care weight management interventions to any control intervention on percent BMI or BMI z scores in children aged 2 to 18 years.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data on participant, intervention, and study characteristics, z-BMI/percent BMI, harms, and study quality using the Cochrane and Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias tools.

RESULTS:
A random effects model was used to pool the effect size across eligible 10 randomized controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies. Compared with usual care or control treatment, brief interventions feasible for primary care were associated with a significant but small reduction in BMI z score (–0.04, [95% confidence interval, –0.08 to –0.01]; P = .02) and a nonsignificant effect on body satisfaction (standardized mean difference 0.00, [95% confidence interval, –0.21 to 0.22]; P = .98).

LIMITATIONS:
Studies had methodological limitations, follow-up was brief, and adverse effects were not commonly measured.

CONCLUSIONS:
BMI surveillance and counseling has a marginal effect on BMI, highlighting the need for revised practice guidelines and the development of novel approaches for providers to address this problem.
Soccer-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments: 1990–2014
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Xiang Huiyun 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the epidemiology of youth soccer-related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted of soccer-related injuries among children 7 through 17 years of age from 1990 through 2014 with data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Injury rates were calculated from soccer participation data.RESULTS:An estimated 2 995 765 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2 309 112–3 682 418) children 7 through 17 years old were treated in US emergency departments for soccer-related injuries during the 25-year study period, averaging 119 831 (95% CI, 92 364–147 297) annually. The annual injury rate per 10 000 soccer participants increased significantly, by 111.4%, from 1990 to 2014. Patients 12 to 17 years old accounted for 72.7% of injuries, 55.5% of patients were male, and most injuries occurred in a place of sport or recreation (68.5%) or school (25.7%). Struck by (38.5%) and fell (28.7%) were the leading mechanisms of injury. Injuries most commonly were diagnosed as sprain or strain (34.6%), fracture (23.2%), and soft tissue injury (21.9%), and occurred to the upper extremity (20.7%), ankle (17.8%), and head or neck (17.7%). Concussions or other closed head injuries accounted for 7.3% of the injuries, but the annual rate of concussions/closed head injuries per 10 000 participants increased significantly, by 1595.6%, from 1990 to 2014.CONCLUSIONS:This study is the first to comprehensively investigate soccer-related injuries and calculate injury rates based on soccer participation data among children at the national level. The increasing number and rate of pediatric soccer-related injuries, especially soccer-related concussions/closed head injuries, underscore the need for increased efforts to prevent these injuries.
Simonart's Band: Its Effect on Cleft Classification and Recommendations for Standardized Nomenclature
Authors: Naran Sanjay , Kirschner Richard E. , Schuster Lindsay , Basri Osama , Ford Matthew , Goldstein Jesse , Grunwaldt Lorelei , Mooney Mark P. , Losee Joseph E. 
Published: September 2016

Objective Accurate classification of cleft lip plays an important role in communication, treatment planning, and comparison of outcomes across centers. Although there is reasonable consensus in defining cleft types, the presence of Simonart's band can make classification challenging. Our objective was to survey cleft care providers to determine what all consider to be Simonart's band, how its presence effects cleft lip classification, and to provide recommendations for standardized nomenclature. Design A multiple-choice survey was e-mailed to 1815 members of the American Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Association, assessing each respondent's definition of Simonart's band and its effect on cleft classification. Cleft classification was drawn from the ICD system diagnosis billing codes. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results Three hundred seventy-three providers completed the survey (20.5% response), the majority of whom were surgeons (61.5%); 87.1 % agreed with the definition that a Simonart's band is “any soft tissue bridge located at the base of the nostril or more internally, between the segmented ridges.” However, only 41.8% felt that the presence of a Simonart's band rendered a cleft lip incomplete; 54.4% felt that an alveolar cleft was the defining difference between a complete and an incomplete cleft lip. When asked to define the child with a cleft involving the upper lip that extends into the naris but interrupted by a soft tissue bridge located only at the base of the nostril or more internally, without a cleft of the alveolar ridge and palate, 61.4% classified this as an incomplete cleft lip, 32.7% as a complete cleft lip, and 5.9% as an unspecified cleft lip. Conclusions Responses revealed wide discrepancy in the classification of cleft phenotypes and in the interpretation of the significance of anatomical components in the classification of a cleft lip. We discuss the difficulty in aligning classification based on unclear definition of terms and variable anatomic parameters. We highlight this issue in the face of a need for comparability in clinical evidence-based practices. To ensure precision and uniformity in cleft classification, we recommend that use of the term “Simonart's band” be abandoned while incorporating a notation of the integrity of the nasal sill into the LAHSHAL system. We propose a uniform definition of incomplete versus complete cleft lip, wherein a cleft lip will be classified as complete in the presence or absence of narrow bands of tissue present at the base of the nasal sill or more internally.
PERCEPÇÃO DE DOR E ALTERAÇÕES MUSCULOESQUELÉTICAS EM ATLETAS DE BASQUETE NA PREPARAÇÃO PARA OS JOGOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE 2014
Authors: Moreira Mariana , Marília Ferreira dos Santos Marília Ferreira , Barros Gustavo Sperandio , Nascimento Tharsila Dos Santos , Araújo Anderson Delano , Neto Mansueto Gomes 
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de dor e alterações musculoesqueléticas em jogadores de basquete na preparação para o 62° jogos Universitários Brasileiros. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo analítico de caráter retrospectivo com atletas de basquete, de ambos os sexos registrados no 62° jogos Universitários Brasileiros de 2014. Os atletas foram avaliados antes do início dos jogos, os atletas responderam perguntas sobre a percepção de dor musculoesquelética e ocorrência de alguma lesão durante a preparação para os jogos universitários. Resultados: Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial utilizando o software SPSS versão 20.0.Foram entrevistados 296 jogadores de basquete distribuídos em 34 equipes, sendo 19 masculinas e 15 femininas. A idade média foi de 22,08 ± 3,62 anos e 170 (57,4%) foram do sexo masculino. Dos 296 atletas, 185 (62,5%) relataram sentir alguma dor e 213 (72%) relataram a presença de alguma lesão durante a preparação para a competição. 73 (39,5%) relataram sentir dor no joelho, seguido da coluna 45 (24,3%), 24(13%) membro superior, 18 (9,7%) tornozelo e pé. Quando comparada a amostra em relação ao sexo não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à idade, percepção de dor e regiões corporais afetadas. Já em relação à ocorrência de lesões na preparação, foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa, com maior prevalência nas equipes do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Existe uma alta prevalência de dor e alterações musculoesqueléticas em atletas de basquete durante preparação para competição. Estudos que avaliem fatores associados a dor são necessários.
Dental Pulp Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Teeth with Immature Apices
Authors: El Ashiry Eman A , Farsi Najat M , Abuzeid Sawsan T , El Ashiry Mohamed M , Bahammam Hammam A 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: The treatment of immature necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis presents challenges in endodontic and pediatric dentistry. Revascularization is a recent treatment for such cases as an alternative to conventional apexification. The purpose is to examine the effect of a pulpal revascularization procedure on immature necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis. Study design: Twenty patients were enrolled for pulp revascularization procedure by root canal disinfection using a triple antibiotic mixture for 1–2 weeks, followed by creating a blood clot, sealing the root canal orifice using white mineral trioxide aggregate and a coronal seal of composite resin. Patients were recalled periodically for up to 24 months. Results: During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic. Three cases of chronic apical periodontitis showed clinical disappearance of the sinus tract 2 weeks after treatment. Radiography revealed progressive periapical radiolucency resolution within the first 12 months. Within 12–24 months, the treated teeth showed progressive increases in dentinal wall thickness, root length and continued root development.
Conclusions: Clinical and radiographic evidence showed successful revascularization treatments of immature necrotic permanent teeth with apical periodontitis. More studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and to perform histopathology of the pulp space contents after revascularization procedures.
Influencia del género en el Deporte Escolar en la Región de Murcia durante el periodo escolar 2005-2010
Authors: Morales Baños Vicente , Díaz Suárez Arturo , Martínez-Moreno Alfonso , Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz Enrique Javier 
Published: September 2016

La importancia y la presencia de la actividad física y el deporte en el desarrollo de la población en edad escolar es, actualmente, uno de los fenómenos más destacables. La práctica regular de deporte o actividades físicas comporta beneficios que contribuyen al bienestar de las personas en los ámbitos físico, psíquico y social. Por ello, nos planteamos la necesidad de estudiar la participación de más de 200.000 alumnos de la Región de Murcia, durante cinco cursos escolares 2005-2010, analizando la diferencia de participación por género, en el programa de Deporte Escolar de la Región de Murcia en ese período.
La muestra está formada por 249.326 participaciones de los que 155.009 son masculinas (62.2%) y 94.317 son femeninas (37.8%), cuyas edades van desde los 8 hasta los 18 años. Con estos datos se ha elaborado una base de datos en el Programa de Análisis estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Las participaciones femeninas en el Campeonato de Promoción Deportiva aumentan con el paso del tiempo, sin embargo las masculinas son siempre superiores a las femeninas. Deben tomarse medidas de promoción del deporte femenino, ya que las participaciones masculinas son cercanas al doble de las femeninas.
Evaluación en educación: necesidad de políticas institucionales con visión pedagógica
Authors: Torres Zambrano Manuel Guillermo 
Published: September 2016

La evaluación educativa, con mucha frecuencia, se ha caracterizado por obedecer más a un hacer aislado e instrumental que a una posibilidad de desarrollo pedagógico, de allí que no se fundamente en políticas y conceptos explícitos. Para buscar caminos alternativos a esta situación, se parte de una revisión de algunas prácticas evaluativas y se formulan interrogantes orientados a ubicar cuál es el papel de la evaluación en el contexto educativo en relación con algunos fines de la educación. Posteriormente se explora cuál es el papel de las políticas educativas, para afirmar la necesidad de contar con políticas evaluativas que abran espacio para que con fundamento se lleven a cabo desarrollos de valoración que realmente contribuyan al mejoramiento educativo. La discusión concluye con algunas pautas para formular políticas de evaluación y hacerlas operativas
Investigación y experiencia
Authors: Messina Graciela Concepción 
Published: September 2016

A partir de su experiencia como investigadora, la autora del artículo reflexiona sobre las relaciones entre investigación y experiencia, con el propósito de contribuir a ampliar la posibilidad de reflexión tanto para los investigadores como para aquellos que quieren iniciarse en el campo de la investigación. Según el texto, están dadas las condiciones para deambular entre la investigación y la experiencia, lo cual solo esposible a partir de explicitar qué tiene que ver la una con la otra, así como el lugar del investigador en ese proceso
Validación y legitimación de la investigación en educación y pedagogía
Authors: Pardo Novoa Alberto 
Published: September 2016

Desarrolla planteamientos sobre el sentido y los procesos de validación y legitimación de la investigación científica en educación y pedagogía,y plantea criterios y reflexiones que contribuyan al examen de las concepciones y prácticas de investigación comunes en los ámbitos académicos, disciplinares y profesionales. De manera expositiva y argumentada se desarrollan conceptos centrales como ciencia, investigación científica, comunidad de practicantes competentes, validación y legitimación. La exposición de los conceptos destaca el carácter social, público y argumentativo de la ciencia, como sistema, y de la investigación científica, como proceso. Con base en la articulación de esos conceptos, se argumenta y concluye que la comunidad de pares competentes es la idónea, por naturaleza, para validar una investigación, y que la legitimación es un proceso gradual, efectuado por la sociedad desde unos intereses y valores de su transcurrir histórico. A la luz de esos planteamientos, se presentan y cuestionanalgunas concepciones y prácticas existentes en nuestros entornos académicos
Las investigaciones artísticas, investigaciones de contexto
Authors: Toledo Castellanos Ricardo Benjamín 
Published: September 2016

En este texto se plantean ciertos conceptos, presentes en obras del arte contemporáneo, que han abordado aspectos de la vida y que, pasados por la prueba sensible y expresiva, dan luces para fundar investigaciones sobre fenómenos singulares de la existencia. Para esto se argumenta que hay investigaciones propias del arte, investigaciones fundamentales que comprometen la certeza de los presupuestos en los que se cimienta el sistema de sentido de un contexto (época, cultura, nación, región). Estas investigaciones anticipan las investigaciones de los campos de enunciación racionaldiscursiva, ya que no pasan, aún, por ningún protocolo aceptado por comunidad alguna. La puesta en juego de la certeza se hace por un movimiento cognitivollamado por Martin Heidegger ‘desocultación’, que consiste en la interrupción de la habitualidad de losentes que conforman el entorno familiar (confiable)para poner en percepción las estructuras fundamentalesque permiten producir su sentido. La desocultación,propia del arte y las acciones creativas, constituye unacontecimiento que suspende la solidez del ordenaceptado (social, ético, técnico, científico, filosófico)y desata condiciones para el cambio de los modos devida mantenidos hasta entonces.
A DECLARAÇÃO NOSTRA AETATE: O RESPEITO DA IGREJA PELOS VALORES RELIGIOSOS
Authors: Fitzgerald Mons. Michael L. 
Published: September 2016

Nostra Aetate, a Declaração sobre as Relações da Igreja com as Religiões Não-Cristãs, foi solenemente votada e aprovada pelos Bispos doConcílio Vaticano II, em 28 de Outubro de l965. Este resultado foi talvez uma surpresa. Depois do Beato João XXIII ter convocado o Concílio, foi mandado um questionário preparatório às Igrejas locais, mas poucos bispos mencionaram em suas respostas o tema das outras religiões, e nenhum esquema provisório foi preparado sobre este assunto.
Estructura interindustrial y desarrollo económico. Un análisis desde las perspectivas de redes e input-output
Authors: Noguera-Méndez Pedro , Semitiel-García María , López-Martínez María 
Published: September 2016

En este trabajo se estudian diversas estructuras interindustriales nacionales aplicando medidas tradicionales input-output y análisis de redes. Su principal objetivo es avanzar en la comprensión de los procesos económicos centrándose en las estructuras interindustriales como un factor explicativo de las disparidades internacionales de desarrollo. El estudio de las relaciones intersectoriales muestra la existencia de una estructura fundamental o común y de diferencias estructurales entre grupos de países, de acuerdo con sus niveles de desarrollo, en la especialización y en la posición de determinadas ramas, teniendo un impacto en sus desiguales procesos de des-arrollo. En este trabajo se muestra que ambas metodologías, input-output y redes, son complementarias y permiten alcanzar explicaciones más ricas de los procesos de desarrollo. La aplicación de la teoría de redes permite una mejor comprensión de las diferencias estructurales, que puede ser relacionada con el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo
PROTEOLYTIC POTENTIAL OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS ISOLATED FROM REFRIGERATED RAW MILK
Authors: Pinto1 Cláudia Lúcia Oliveira , Machado Solimar Gonçalves , Cardoso Rodrigo Rezende , Alves Rita Maria , Vanetti Maria Cristina Dantas 
Published: September 2016

The growth rate and the proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 07A and 041, isolated from cow’s milk, were evaluated at 2, 4, 7 and 10ºC. P. fluorescens promoted protein degradation during storage of milk samples as observed by Proteolytic activity measurement, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and heat stability of milk. Casein hydrolysis resulted in loss of thermal stability of milk and in formation of fragments of low and medium molecular mass. Temperatures up to 10°C did notguarantee raw milk quality when contamination by P. fluorescens was equal or higher than 106 cfu/mL.