bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounded, Sigmoid Utility for Insurance Applications
Authors: Gao Siwei , Powers Michael R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Applying a well-known argument of Karl Menger to an insurance version of the St. Petersburg Paradox (in which the decision maker is confronted with losses, rather than gains), one can assert that von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions are necessarily concave upward and bounded below as decision-maker wealth tends to negative infinity. However, this argument is subject to two potential criticisms: (1) infinite-mean losses do not exist in the real world; and (2) the St. Petersburg Paradox derives its force from empirical observation (i. e., that actual decision makers would not agree to an arbitrarily large insurance bid price to transfer an infinite-mean loss), and thus does not impart logical necessity. In the present article, these two criticisms are addressed in turn. We first show that, although infinite-mean insurance losses technically do not exist, they do provide a reasonable model for certain large (i. e., excess and reinsurance) property-liability indemnities. We then employ the Two-Envelope Paradox to demonstrate the logical necessity of concave-upward, lower-bounded utility for arbitrarily small (i. e., negative) values of wealth. Finally, we note that recognizing the bounded, sigmoid nature of utility functions challenges certain fundamental understandings in the economics of insurance demand, and can lead to vastly different conclusions regarding the bid price for insurance.
Global correlation and uncertainty accounting
Authors: Cooke Roger M. , Saatchi Sassan , Hagen Stephen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
For a high dimensional field of random variables, global correlation is defined as the ratio of average
covariance and average variance, and its elementary properties are studied. Global correlation is used to
harmonize uncertainty assessments at global and local scales. It can be estimated by the correlation of random
aggregations of fixed size of disjoint sets of random variables. Illustrative applications are given using
crop loss per county per year and forest carbon.
Microscale Interface Synthesis of Ni-B Amorphous Nanoparticles from NiSO4 by Sodium Borohydride Reduction in Microreactor
Authors: Xu Lei , Peng Jinhui , Meng Binfang , Li Wei , Liu Bingguo , Luo Huilong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAmorphous nanoparticles have attracted a large amount of interest due to their superior catalytic activity and unique selectivity. The Ni-B amorphous nanoparticles were synthesized from aqueous reduction of NiSO4 by sodium borohydride in microscale interface at room temperature. The size, morphology, elemental compositions, and the chemical composition on the surface of Ni-B amorphous nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All the results showed that the synthesized particles are Ni-B amorphous nanoparticles with uniform in size distribution and having good dispersion. The mean particle diameter of Ni-B amorphous nanoparticles was around 9 nm. The present work provides an alternative synthesis route for the Ni-B amorphous nanoparticles.
Improved thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber filled polyamide 46 composites
Authors: Yang Yisha , Li Duxin , Si Gaojie , Liu Qilong , Chen Yue 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 46 (PA46) filled with carbon fiber (CF/PA46) composites were studied. CF/PA46 was fabricated by the method of melt blending and injection molding. The results showed that thermal conductivity, tensile strength and impact strength of the composite increased with the increase of weight fraction of CF, however, the elongation at the break decreased as its weight fraction increased. The addition of CF had little effect on the melting temperature of composites, while the crystallization onset (To) and crystallization peak (Tp) temperatures of composites shifted to higher points. The scanning electron microscope images showed that when the weight fraction of CF was increased, the CF was more likely to form thermal chains and a network. When the CF weight fraction was 40%, thermal conductivity was 1.49 W/(m·K), approximately 5.54 times as high as that of the pure PA46, and the thermal diffusivity was 0.9755 mm2/s, 6.5 times higher than that of the pure matrix. Comparing the experimental data with the three expected thermal conduction models data, the Maxwell-Eucken thermal conduction model was considered more suitable for the PA46/CF composite, in which the weight fraction of the filler was <10% in the thermal conductive system.
Mechanism and solutions of appearance defects on microfluidic chips manufactured by UV-curing assisted injection molding
Authors: Xie Pengcheng , Hu Lingxiao , He Jianyun , Kang Weijia , Yang Weimin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A novel method for the chemical manufacturing UV-curing assisted injection molding was proposed in this paper. A prototype of UV-curing injection molding apparatus has been manufactured. By using the prototype, we have successfully fabricated microfluidic chips, which can be practically applied in micro mixing experiments. Similar to the thermoplastic parts molded by traditional injection molding, the appearance defects such as bubbles also occurred on products fabricated by UV-curing injection molding. The generation process of bubble defect has been observed and captured through the visualization device. Because there is no gas produced in the polymerization chemical reaction, the shrinkage was considered to be the essential reason of bubble defect. In this paper, the solution of bubble defect was studied by employing single factor control variable method from the aspects of process parameters, materials, and mode of irradiation. It was noted that the bubble defect could be improved by increasing holding pressure, reducing irradiation intensity, and improving viscosity. Nevertheless, the achievement of process parameters was limited. On equal experimental conditions of process, equipment, and material, results revealed that the dynamic irradiation pattern can improve the feeding capacity significantly in UV-curing injection molding. It is further demonstrated that the bubble defect is caused by the polymerization shrinkage. Eventually, we obtained the microfluidic chips with good surface quality, high dimensional accuracy, and high transparency by UV-curing injection molding. Moreover, it provides a feasible high efficiency and low cost manufacture technology for microfluidic chips in the future.
Der verborgene Hunger
Authors: Biesalski Hans Konrad 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Verborgener Hunger ist ein zunehmendes Problem auch in entwickelten Ländern. Die möglichen negativen Konsequenzen für die Gesundheit werden übersehen und unterschätzt. Verborgener Hunger ist eine unzureichende Aufnahme von Mikronährstoffen, besonders Vitamin A, D, Eisen und Zink. Die am stärksten betroffene Gruppe sind Frauen und hier besonders Schwangere. In Folge dessen ist die physische wie kognitive Entwicklung der Neugebornen gestört. Niedriges Einkommen und fehlendes Wissen zu Lebensmitteln sind die Hauptursachen.
Diskursrealisationen in Online-Foren
Authors: Pappert Steffen , Sven Roth Kersten 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the question in how far pragmatic and discourse conditions affect the communicative construction of collective knowledge. Research in Discourse Semantics predominantly deals with corpora consisting of mass media texts. In doing so, knowledge that becomes manifest in these texts can be identified and substantially described. However, to what extend this knowledge is also used as a pragmatic-interactive resource in other communicative contexts and in social media communication cannot be explored. This paper aims at reducing this research desideratum by analyzing a different type of data (realisations in internet forums), using the example of internet forums dealing with the topic of OSTDEUTSCH (East German). Following discourse pragmatic procedures exemplary data will be discussed in order to reveal which pragmatic conditions are essential and for what interactive reasons discourse knowledge is used as a communicative resource by the participants in the forum. There will be a focus on the essential condition of interactionality and on interferences between realizations of discourse in mass media and in internet forums.
Gestaltung, Einsatz und Lernerwahrnehmung mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktischer Elemente im Fremdsprachenunterricht – eine exemplarische Untersuchung in einem universitären Niederländischmodul
Authors: Bredthauer Stefanie 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Concepts and studies that have been developed and conducted so far in the area of multilingual didactics show promising results but refer almost exclusively to the school context. Research on multilingual didactic elements as part of foreign language courses in the academic context have been a desideratum up to now. However, a potential for improvement of language learning processes can be assumed here as well, since students are usually highly multilingual. Therefore, this article presents the results of a study that exemplarily describes the design and implementation of several multilingual didactic elements in a university Dutch course as well as the analysis of the perception of the learners.
El andamiaje retórico de género: una deliberación sobre la cultura generizada de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
Authors: Rojas Blanco Clara Eugenia 
Published: September 2016

En este artículo, presento una versión sumaria de una investigación amplia de corte cualitativo-interpretativa centrada en el análisis de la estructura simbólica de género en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), México. En esta versión, ofrezco una deliberación centrada en un análisis de la formación persuasiva/discursiva en donde examiné la relación entre retórica, poder y género a partir de los enfoques de la crítica feminista del discurso y la retórica contemporánea. En este caso, la tesis que guía mi deliberación es que la cultura generizada de la institución no permite la trasversalización de la perspectiva género, porque las creencias y prácticas androcéntricas en la institución no se reconocen, por los y las agentes de la comunidad universitaria, como prácticas sexistas. En este texto, ofrezco el resumen de un análisis de tropos realizado en corpus de entrevistas abiertas aplicadas a profesores/as de tiempo completo, en donde se cristaliza la normalización de la ideología de género en la institución. A partir de los hallazgos ofrezco la metáfora de “andamiaje retórico de género” para explicar un proceso socio-histórico complejo que enmarca la re/producción normalizada del género en la UACJ.
Load Absorption Force-Time Characteristics Following the Second Pull of Weightlifting Derivatives
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , Lake Jason P. , Comfort Paul 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Suchomel, TJ, Lake, JP, and Comfort, P. Load absorption force-time characteristics following the second pull of weightlifting derivatives. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1644–1652, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare the load absorption force-time characteristics of weightlifting catching and pulling derivatives. Twelve resistance-trained men performed repetitions of the hang power clean (HPC), jump shrug (JS), and hang high pull (HHP) on a force platform with 30, 45, 65, and 80% of their 1-repetition maximum HPC. Load absorption phase duration, mean force, and work were calculated from the force-time data. The HHP produced a significantly longer load absorption phase duration compared with the HPC (p < 0.001; d = 3.77) and JS (p < 0.001; d = 5.48), whereas no difference existed between the HPC and JS (p = 0.573; d = 0.51). The JS produced significantly greater load absorption mean forces compared with the HPC (p < 0.001; d = 2.85) and HHP (p < 0.001; d = 3.75), whereas no difference existed between the HPC and HHP (p = 0.253; d = 0.37). Significantly more load absorption work was performed during the JS compared with the HPC (p < 0.001; d = 5.03) and HHP (p < 0.001; d = 1.69), whereas HHP load absorption work was also significantly greater compared with the HPC (p < 0.001; d = 4.81). The weightlifting pulling derivatives examined in the current study (JS and HHP) produced greater load absorption demands after the second pull compared with the weightlifting catching derivative (HPC). The JS and HHP may be used as effective training stimuli for load absorption during impact tasks such as jumping.
Propuesta de remodelación del sistema de sedimentación del quebrador de materiales de la empresa CONCREPAL, Barranca, Costa Rica
Authors: Arguedas-Zumbado Nazareth , Vetrani-Chavarría Karla , Murrell-Blanco Manfred , Bermúdez-Hidalgo Ligia 
Published: September 2016

Debido a un cambio de paradigma ambiental y al incremento experimentado en la producción, en este artículo se presenta una propuesta para la remodelación del sedimentador de la empresa CONCREPAL, ubicada en Barranca, Costa Rica. Se presenta como una alternativa ecoeficiente que, a la vez, permite cumplir con la legislación vigente sobre vertido y reúso de aguas residuales. Inicialmente se realizó un diagnóstico ambiental de las características y rendimiento de la fosa de sedimentación. Posteriormente se elaboró el diseño de la propuesta de remodelación del sistema de tratamiento, incorporando la recirculación del agua tratada dentro del proceso productivo del quebrador de materiales. Finalmente se elaboró un modelo en tamaño real de la propuesta para realizar mediciones y así determinar la funcionalidad de la propuesta, con resultados positivos dentro del rango permitido por la legislación nacional sobre sólidos suspendidos totales (40 ± 0,01 mg/l). También se realizó un análisis costo–beneficio y una propuesta de gestión ambiental para la empresa. Se concluye que la propuesta es funcional para ser implementada en la empresa.
Trends in Laboratory Rotavirus Detection: 2003 to 2014
Authors: Kaufman Harvey W. , Chen Zhen 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:
We assessed the impact of rotavirus vaccination at national and state levels by evaluating the change in rotavirus antigen detection after vaccination licensure. We examined herd immunity in an unlikely vaccinated cohort and waning immunity with aging in a likely vaccinated cohort. We proposed a new approach to estimate the length of season by contrasting with what is recently reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

METHODS:
We analyzed 11-year results of rotavirus testing (n = 276 342) conducted at Quest Diagnostics, a national clinical reference laboratory, spanning from September 2003 to August 2014. An enzyme immunoassay was used to test children’s stool specimens for the presence of rotavirus antigen; results were reported as not detected or detected.

RESULTS:
Nationally, there was a significant reduction in the number of positive results (82.4%) and positivity rate (73.3%) after vaccination availability. The reductions were seen in all major states, although with geographic variability. The declining positivity rate in unlikely vaccinated children suggests herd immunity. Among those who were likely vaccinated, the positivity rate was higher in older children, indicating potential waning immunity with aging. Seasonal outbreaks continued in the postvaccine period, with peaks in alternating years. Seasons were longer in the postvaccine period than the prevaccine period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings show a marked reduction in rotavirus detection throughout the nation after vaccine licensure, consistent with herd immunity. Postvaccine effectiveness may wane with aging. Seasons appear to be longer in the postvaccine period.
Respiratory Morbidity After Childhood Burns: A 10-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Duke Janine M. , Randall Sean M. , Fear Mark W. , Boyd James H. , Rea Suzanne , Wood Fiona M. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The systemic responses triggered by burns and resuscitative measures may cause pulmonary damage and edema in the acute phase. These effects may occur in the absence of inhalation injury. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the recovery of the respiratory system postburn. This study aimed to examine 10-year hospital service use for respiratory morbidity in children with cutaneous burns and no smoke inhalation injury.

METHODS:
A population-based longitudinal study with 10-year follow-up using linked hospital and death from Western Australia for children &lt;5 years when hospitalized for a first burn injury (n = 5290) between 1980 and 2012 and a frequency matched noninjury comparison cohort, randomly selected from Western Australia’s birth registrations (n = 27 061). Multivariate negative binomial and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to generate adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) and hazard ratios, respectively.

RESULTS:
After adjustment for demographic factors and preexisting health status, the burn cohort had higher rates of admissions for influenza and viral pneumonia (IRR, 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.87), bacterial pneumonia (IRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06–1.70), and other respiratory infections (IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.43–1.90. No significant difference was found for other upper respiratory tract conditions (IRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.98–1.23) or chronic lower respiratory diseases (IRR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.80–1.23) compared with the uninjured cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings demonstrated increased respiratory infection admissions after burns. These outcomes suggest that immune changes triggered by a burn injury may persist in some children for at least 10 years after wound healing.
Patología anorectal frecuente en atención primaria
Authors: Leitón Chavez Andrés , Vargas López Victoria 
Published: September 2016

Las enfermedades relacionadas al anorecto son comunes de observar en el primer nivel de atención, es generalmente el consultorio del médico general donde el paciente consultara primariamente sobre su patología. Es importante el conocimiento por parte de los médicos de atención primaria acerca de los aspectos básicos de las consultas más frecuentes en proctología, las entidades clínicas incluyendo su etiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento, pero principalmente su diagnóstico clínico así como el reconocimiento del momento en que es necesario referir a un paciente con un padecimiento anorectal a un nivel más especializado. El siguiente artículo consta de una revisión de la evidencia actual sobre los aspectos a considerar en el diagnóstico y manejo de la patología proctológica, esto con el objetivo de optimizar la atención brindada en los primeros niveles de salud.
EFFECT OF SOME EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS ON PREPARATION OF LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Khai Doan Minh , Nhan Phan Duc 
Published: September 2016

The article presents results of effect of factors comprising the types of irradiation, the concentration of NR solution and the content of hydroperoxide in mixture on photochemical depolymerization of natural rubber. The results showed that the ultraviolet irradiation from the vapor mercury lamps (HSW-250W and HSW-125W) caused the faster rate of depolymerization than the light from HF-500W; increasing concentration of NR in toluene leaded to decrease the rate of depolymerization; and as the content of hydroperoxide increased the rate of depolymerization was faster. Additionally, the IR spectra, 13C-NMR of products were determined and showed that the cis-1,4-isoprene structure has not been changed and there was the presence of hydroxyl-terminated groups and a few epoxy groups in chains.
A Spring without Water: The Conundrum of Anti-Dumping Duties in South African Law
Authors: Vinti Clive 
Published: September 2016

The Agreement on the Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (Anti-Dumping Agreement), permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties for as long and to the extent necessary to counteract dumping which is causing injury subject to the proviso that they must be terminated after five years unless a sunset review has been initiated. Sunset review has the purpose of either permitting or terminating the continuation of an anti-dumping duty. This is significant because if the sunset review is not initiated prior to the expiry of the five year period, the anti-dumping duties will be terminated.
Therefore, this places a greater emphasis on the determination of the precise date of commencement of the anti-dumping duties. This is because an incorrect determination of the date of imposition of the anti-dumping duty has obvious financial implications for the interested parties. To this end, the Supreme Court of Appeal in South Africa has delivered two salient judgments in this regard: firstly, in Progress Office Machines CC v SARS, and then more recently, in Association of Meat Importers v ITAC. These two cases hinge on the interpretation of the date of 'imposition' of definitive anti-dumping duties particularly where provisional measures are involved, which invariably determines the date of expiry of the duties as espoused by Regulations 38 and 53 of the International Trade Administration Commission Anti-Dumping Regulations.
This paper contends that these two judgments are conflicting and riddled with inconsistencies. Secondly, the paper contends that the SCA has in the recent AMIE case, virtually rewritten its earlier judgment of Progress Office Machines. Lastly, the paper shows that the approach of South African courts on whether the Anti-Dumping Agreement is binding on South African law, is fraught with uncertainty and an ambivalence .The case analysis also reflects on the impact of the newly minted but yet to be implemented, Customs Duty Act, with a view to assess the impact of the new legislation on the issues currently plaguing the anti-dumping regime of South Africa.