bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid modified Cu/Mn-doped metal-organic framework nanocatalyst for chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Guo Xiaohuan , Fang Qi , Leng Nan , Liu Yuan , Cai Bingbing , Zhou Yuzhu , Wen Changchun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a new method for cancer treatment that produces highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment to induce cancer cell apoptosis or necrosis. However, the therapeutic effect of CDT is often hindered by intracellular H2O2 deficiency and the activity of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH). In this study, a nano-catalyst HCM was developed using a self-assembled Cu/Mn-doped metal-organic framework, and its surface was modified with hyaluronic acid to construct a tumor-targeting CDT therapeutic agent with improved the efficiency and specificity. Three substances HHTP (2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexahydroxybenzophenanthrene), Cu2+, and Mn2+ were shown to be decomposed and released under weakly acidic conditions in tumor cells. HHTP produces exogenous H2O2 in the presence of oxygen to increase the H2O2 content in tumors, Cu2+ reduces GSH content and generates Cu+ in the tumor, and Cu+ and Mn2+ catalyze H2O2 to produce ∙OH in a Fenton-like reaction. Together, these three factors change the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficiency of ROS production. HCM showed selective and efficient cytotoxicity to cancer cells, and could effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo, indicating a good CDT effect.
Experimental overview of nanoferrites: synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation in wastewater treatment
Authors: Akram Aasma , Altaf Muhammad , Yousaf T , Hussain A A , Alsultany F H , Ishaq M , Saadi B M , Saleh Dalia I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of ferrite nanoparticles (BaFe12O19, MnFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and Co1–0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4) as eco-friendly adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals (Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+) from wastewater. Moreover, the adsorption experiments were conducted under varying contact times (30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h) and pH levels (2, 7, and 12) for five cycles to evaluate their significant dynamic effects on the removal efficiency. All ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and characterized (XRD, FT-IR, and SEM) to ascertain their crystal structure, morphology, size distribution, and crystallographic structures before wastewater treatments. The results demonstrated that BaFe12O19 had a particle size of 8.65 nm and achieved maximum adsorption ability of 93%, 91%, 94%, and 91% for Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+, respectively, at a pH of 7 after 4 h of treatment. Since the neutral pH value affects the binding of heavy metal ions, therefore governing the adsorption efficiency and selectivity. In contrast, NiFe2O4 (1.41 nm) revealed maximum removal of Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ were 78%, 71%, 88%, and 83%, respectively, at a pH of 12 after 4 h. This was attributed to the negatively charged surface leading to stronger electrostatic attractions between the positively charged metal ions and the adsorbent surface, resulting in higher adsorption uptake. Notably, the higher removal rate of ions was observed during initially 1 h, suggesting a decline in efficiency rate with extended treatment time. Additionally, the experimental study over five cycles concluded that the adsorbent could be effectively regenerated and reused.
Sensitivity and energy resolution of the Balqarad clover detector
Authors: Ababneh E , Alzoubi H , Qbelat A S , Al-Bashaish S R 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates operational modes and veto techniques using the Balqarad clover system, focusing on energy resolution parameters like Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and Full Width at Tenth Maximum (FWTM). Comparing with the GAMMA-X detector, clover consistently shows lower FWHM values (e.g., 1.08 keV versus 1.45 keV for133Ba), highlighting its higher precision. The clover system also achieves lower Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) values (ranging from 1.19 to 1.56 Bq for60Co and137Cs in direct and addback modes), underscoring its enhanced performance compared to literature data. Practical MDA calculations using a reference soil sample reinforce the advantage of addback mode over direct mode in achieving more accurate measurements. These findings stress the critical importance of selecting the right measurement system for precise applications like radiation monitoring and nuclear safety assessments.
How animal metaphors increase tourists’ waste classification intention?
Authors: Sun Dajun , Yang Dajun , Wang Jian , Tan Fuqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous researches have shown that animal metaphors play an important role in promoting specific behavioral dispositions of individuals. However, we are not well aware of the role of animal metaphors in tourists’ waste classification intentions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of animal metaphors advertising for waste classification in scenic spots (versus non-animal metaphors advertising) on tourists’ waste classification intentions. Four experiments (N = 1051) were conducted in this study to examine the impacts of animal metaphors advertising in scenic spots, on tourists’ waste classification intentions, which enriches the literature on the animal metaphors and tourists’ pro-environmental behaviors. The results show that the animal metaphors advertising about waste classification in scenic spots can effectively increase tourists’ waste classification intentions. We explored the mediating role of tourists’ perceptions of cute animal images in animal metaphors advertising, and the moderating role of visual imagery for animal metaphors advertising, on the relationship between animal metaphors advertising and tourists’ waste classification intentions. The results show that there is a significant interaction effect between visual imagery and animal metaphors advertising. In conclusion, this study reveals the different impacts of animal metaphors, cute images and visual imagery on individual tourists, which provides new insights for scenic spot managers to choose waste classification strategies and the looks of bins.
Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
Authors: Lachenmayer Emily , Ku I-Ting , Hecobian Arsineh , Benedict Katherine B , Zhou Yong , Buck Brent , Collett Jeffrey L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Oil and natural gas (ONG) extraction emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Certain VOCs are identified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) while others contribute to ozone formation. This study examines the impact of ONG operations on VOC levels during the development of multi-well ONG pads in suburban Broomfield, Colorado. From October 2018 to December 2020, weekly VOC measurements were taken at 18 sites across the area. These included spots near well pads, in adjacent neighborhoods, and at a background site, covering various stages of well pad development including drilling, hydraulic fracturing, flowback, and production. Analysis using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified six factors, including combustion, background/biogenic sources, light and complex alkanes, drilling activities, and ONG acetylene. Factors linked to local ONG activities exhibited clear temporal and spatial correlations with Broomfield well development. Benzene source analysis revealed distinct contribution gradients, with ONG-related sources notably influencing areas near the well pads, particularly in pre-production. ONG-related weekly benzene contributions varied from 9% to 63% at a community background site and 18% to 89% in a neighborhood close to a well pad.
On the definition of the marginal ice zone: a case study with SAR and passive microwave data
Authors: Soleymani Armina , Patel Muhammed , Xu Linlin , Scott K. Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Widening and increasing extent of the marginal ice zone (MIZ), a transitional area between the open ocean and the pack ice, underscores the scientific significance of observing the MIZ. In the present study, we employed passive microwave (PM) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Greenland Sea and Beaufort Sea in November 2021 to detect the MIZ using two different MIZ definitions: SIC threshold-based (MIZ
t
) and SIC anomaly-based (MIZ
σ
). This study is the first to compare the SIC threshold-based with SIC anomaly-based MIZ definition using two different sources of SIC data. Our findings reveal that the SIC anomaly-based definition delineates a spatially extensive MIZ, capturing SIC variation attributed to sea ice growth. We also found that SAR data, compared to PM data, consistently identifies a broader MIZ region and is less sensitive to the threshold for the SIC anomaly standard deviation, underscoring the importance of selecting the appropriate MIZ definition.
A seat at the energy table
Authors: Brown Kristen E , Sharma Bonita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Energy injustice persists due to the difficulty of meeting competing interests in a rapidly evolving system. Transformative energy technologies need to fit into existing structures while also improving upon those systems. To aid in complex decisions, this paper provides a simple checklist of four necessary and often missed concepts for energy justice. Energy choices should be Supported, Environmental, Affordable, and Tolerable to provide everyone a SEAT at the energy table, in other words to promote energy justice. For the purposes of this framework, supported indicates that supply chains and infrastructure to meaningfully participate are available, environmental considerations cover climate change and health-affecting pollutants as well as disposal affecting soil and water, affordability rather straight-forwardly requires equal economic access to the energy transition, and tolerable requires personal and political buy-in. This structure is intended to aid anyone that makes decisions, i.e. not only highly specialized academics. Many technologies that address one or two of these concepts are touted as solutions to injustice, but without additional structure, they may have disbenefits in other areas. By using a simple structure to illuminate this consistent difficulty, future research and policy will be better able to promote true justice instead of tangentially addressing it in ways that fail to capture the complexities of the system. The tension between benefits and unintended consequences is explored for several energy technologies at varying stages of implementation, including electric vehicles, cooking, time-of-use pricing, and air conditioning. Existing policy mechanisms that have tried to address only some barriers have not necessarily resulted in an equitable transition. This indicates that equity needs to be considered explicitly, and that all four chair legs need to be evaluated. This method highlights the principles most easily considered in non-specialist decisions and maps them to concepts that are easy to grasp.
Optimizing process parameters and materials for the conversion of plastic waste into hydrogen
Authors: Hossain Sakib Tanvir , Mahmud M A Parvez 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study has investigated hydrogen production from waste plastics using pyrolysis, steam methane reforming, and water-gas-shift reactions modelled via Aspen Plus. After evaluating multiple alternatives, polypropylene (PP) was selected as the feedstock. The research has been focused on how reformer temperature, steam-to-fuel ratio (S/F), reformer pressure, and pyrolysis temperature impact syngas composition, heating values, syngas (H2/CO) ratios, and yields of hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Key findings have indicated that raising reformer temperatures to around 1000°C maximizes hydrogen production in syngas, reaching peak levels of 2360 Nm3/Ton and 2525 Nm3/Ton for reformer temperature and steam-to-fuel ratio (S/F) ratios, respectively, via processes like steam methane reforming and the water-gas-shift reaction. Moreover, other parameters like steam-to-fuel (S/F) ratio and reformer pressure have produced the highest amount of hydrogen at 0.25 and 1 atm, respectively. Optimizing reformer temperature and steam-to-fuel ratio (S/F) have been selected as key in hydrogen production, with peak lower heating values (LHV) of 1.15 MJ/kg for temperature and 1.035 MJ/kg for S/F ratios, highlighting the importance of balancing these parameters for efficiency. Additionally, syngas' hydrogen (H2) composition increased with pyrolysis temperature, peaking at 8.5% at 700°C. Finally, this research has provided valuable insights into optimizing process parameters for sustainable hydrogen production. Moreover, the simulation process has provided cost-effective adjustments and informed decision-making for sustainable and scalable technologies, benefiting researchers, investors, engineers, and policymakers involved in innovative hydrogen generation.
Cyclic shift short-distance attention for defect detection of fine etching mesh
Authors: Zou Yuehao , Long Shengrong , Li Zhinong , Chen Faqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on the deficiency of the existing Swin Transformer in the detection of surface defects in metal etched grids, i.e. the isolation of information transmission between different windows, and the limitations of image matrix size and network structure,which make it not suitable for long sequence data processing and dense prediction scenarios, a defect detection method for metal etching nets based on Cyclic shift Long Short Distance Attention (C-LSDA) is proposed. In the proposed method, cross-scale features are used to capture long and short distance relationships,and enhance the feature transfer between windows. Tracking position bias (TPB) is also used to improve relative position bias (RPB), in order to help the model to better understand the spatial relationships in the input data. In addition, the image is downsampled at various scales, so that the proposed method can be suitable for long sequence data processing and dense prediction scenarios. In order to improve the detection accuracy of small targets. a multi-feature fusion pyramid network (MFFPN) for feature fusion is also proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly superior to the traditional CNN recognition method and the transformer recognition method. The proposed methodhas good identification accuracy and low computational cost.
A grey relational analysis of the micro arc oxidation process parameters and their effects on Ti-6Al-7Nb coating performance and corrosion resistance for biomedical uses
Authors: Pesode Pralhad , Barve Shivprakash 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In current investigation micro arc oxidation of Ti6Al7Nb alloy was done to improve its surface properties and corrosion resistance. Mixture of Na2SiO3, Na3PO412H2O and KOH is used as electrolyte. MAO treated Ti6Al7Nb specimens were examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine their morphology and phase composition. It was observed that electrolyte composition is simultaneously included in the growing oxide layer during MAO process. From electrochemical study it was found that corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al7Nb increases during EIS testing in 0.9% NaCl solution. It was found that frequency, duty cycle, current and processing time effect the surface roughness, thickness, hardness and corrosion resistance of coating. Out of above mention parameters frequency and duty cycle has major impact on performance parameters. The objective of current investigation is to find out effects MAO process parameters on coating performance parameters such as coating thickness, hardness, surface roughness and corrosion resistance. At duty cycle of 50%, frequency 500 Hz, current 300 mA and processing duration 7.5 min, highest coating thickness 32.96 μm and surface roughness 3.3680 μm was obtained. Process parameters have the influence on pore size, biggest average pore size 3.8519 μm was obtained at duty cycle of 50%, frequency 500 Hz, current 300 mA and processing duration 7.5 min. Grey relational analysis is done to determine which process variable has the most influence on performance parameters. From grey relational analysis technique, it was observed that duty cycle 50%, frequency 500 Hz, current 300 mA, and processing time 7.5 min are ideal process parameters for higher coating thickness, hardness, surface roughness and better corrosion resistance. From grey relation analysis it was also found that frequency has most significant impact on performance parameters after that duty cycle, then current and at last processing time.
Numerical simulation of the vibration response of the permafrost subgrade under harmonic irregularity in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
Authors: Tang Chen-Xuan , Zhu Zhan-Yuan , Ma Yong , Zheng Si-Cheng , Yao Zhi , Xie Guang-Ci , Yang Wen-Zha , Xu Jiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Harmonic excitation can significantly increase the dynamic response of wheel-rail interactions when a train passes. In this study, based on the train-track vertical coupled dynamics model (ZL-TNTLM) and ABAQUS, a unified train-track-subgrade coupled dynamics model is established. Field measurement data corroborated its accuracy and reliability. The analysis focused on the dynamic response of the permafrost subgrade of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (QTR) to harmonic excitation, including the track-sleeper force and vertical dynamic stress. This study examined the influences of the wavelength, wave depth, and railhead depression on the dynamic response of a subgrade. The results indicated that single-harmonic excitation amplifies the track-sleeper forces and the vertical dynamic stress in the subgrade, particularly near the harmonic centre. Additionally, axle load variations and seasonal thawing broaden the dynamic stress range on the subgrade, with harmonic excitation exacerbating this impact, thereby increasing the risk to the stability of the ice-rich permafrost layer. A decrease in wavelength and increase in wave depth result in a greater number of affected sleepers, intensifying the vertical vibrations of the subgrade, especially in the medium- and high-frequency ranges of vertical dynamic stress. Notably, wavelengths between 1 and 2 m significantly exacerbate the adverse effects on the ice-rich permafrost layer. Shorter wavelengths also induce higher-frequency vibrations. These findings offer valuable insights for the design, operation, and maintenance of permafrost subgrade systems under irregular excitation.
A comprehensive review of wire arc additive manufacturing for metallic functionally graded materials
Authors: Dhanola Anil , Prasad Daya Shankar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Functionally graded materials are multifunctional materials, which consist of a spatial modification in composition and microstructure for the definite purpose of controlling variations in various functional properties like mechanical, thermal, and structural. They have been widely utilized in aerospace, healthcare, automobile, and various other industrial applications. Emerging additive manufacturing techniques such as wire arc additive manufacturing are capable of manufacturing complex shapes with gradual variations in composition, microstructure, and customized multifunctional material properties in an additive manner. Metal-based functionally graded materials have been extensively explored in recent times to achieve excellent properties, such as excellent strength and plasticity, good thermal stability, and notable anti-oxidation and anti-wear properties and thus additive manufacturing has proven one of the most necessary techniques to fabricate metal functionally graded materials. This paper intends to offer an in-depth survey of the current leading developments in wire arc additive manufacturing for metallic functionally graded materials and line up researchers, engineers, and industry professionals with an extensive understanding of the potentials, challenges, and opportunities related to wire arc additive manufacturing for functionally graded materials. Additionally, it explores the process parameters for optimizing and analysing various mechanical properties, microstructure, and corrosion behaviour of metal-based functionally graded materials. Early research into the potential of using wire arc additive manufacturing to create various alloys and metal combinations in diverse geometries showcases the many advantages of this emerging manufacturing technology, though further research is needed to justify its commercial application. Therefore, future research directions are proposed based on current findings and the challenges came across.
Comparative tribological study of the material intended for a lightweight HAMNC brake rotor sliding against NAO brake pad material
Authors: Dinesh Kumar P K , Darius Gnanaraj Solomon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present work studies the lightweight Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Nanocomposite (HAMNC) for brake rotor application. The novel HAMNC brake rotor material is fabricated by reinforcing 1 wt% nano Boron carbide (nB4C) and 0.75 wt% nano Titanium dioxide (nTiO2) employing ultrasonic-squeeze-assisted stir-casting process. The developed HAMNC and a commercial Gray Cast Iron (GCI) brake rotor material was subjected to density, hardness, thermal, corrosion, and tribological studies. The results indicated that the HAMNC brake rotor material is 60% lighter and extremely corrosive resistant compared with GCI material. Also, the dry sliding wear study done using Non Asbestos Organic (NAO) commercial brake pad as the pin material exhibited that the HAMNC brake rotor material possessed a higher wear-resistant behavior compared to GCI.