bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre evaluation of targeted and systematic biopsies using magnetic resonance and ultrasound image‐fusion guided transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with a previous negative biopsy
Authors: Hansen Nienke L. , Kesch Claudia , Barrett Tristan , Koo Brendan , Radtke Jan P. , Bonekamp David , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Warren Anne Y. , Wieczorek Kathrin , Hohenfellner Markus , Kastner Christof , Hadaschik Boris 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the detection rates of targeted and systematic biopsies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) image‐fusion transperineal prostate biopsy for patients with previous benign transrectal biopsies in two high‐volume centres.Patients and MethodsA two centre prospective outcome study of 487 patients with previous benign biopsies that underwent transperineal MRI/US fusion‐guided targeted and systematic saturation biopsy from 2012 to 2015. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) was reported according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) Version 1. Detection of Gleason score 7–10 prostate cancer on biopsy was the primary outcome. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values including 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Detection rates of targeted and systematic biopsies were compared using McNemar's test.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) PSA level was 9.0 (6.7–13.4) ng/mL. PI‐RADS 3–5 mpMRI lesions were reported in 343 (70%) patients and Gleason score 7–10 prostate cancer was detected in 149 (31%). The PPV (95% CI) for detecting Gleason score 7–10 prostate cancer was 0.20 (±0.07) for PI‐RADS 3, 0.32 (±0.09) for PI‐RADS 4, and 0.70 (±0.08) for PI‐RADS 5. The NPV (95% CI) of PI‐RADS 1–2 was 0.92 (±0.04) for Gleason score 7–10 and 0.99 (±0.02) for Gleason score ≥4 + 3 cancer. Systematic biopsies alone found 125/138 (91%) Gleason score 7–10 cancers. In patients with suspicious lesions (PI‐RADS 4–5) on mpMRI, systematic biopsies would not have detected 12/113 significant prostate cancers (11%), while targeted biopsies alone would have failed to diagnose 10/113 (9%). In equivocal lesions (PI‐RADS 3), targeted biopsy alone would not have diagnosed 14/25 (56%) of Gleason score 7–10 cancers, whereas systematic biopsies alone would have missed 1/25 (4%). Combination with PSA density improved the area under the curve of PI‐RADS from 0.822 to 0.846.ConclusionIn patients with high probability mpMRI lesions, the highest detection rates of Gleason score 7–10 cancer still required combined targeted and systematic MRI/US image‐fusion; however, systematic biopsy alone may be sufficient in patients with equivocal lesions. Repeated prostate biopsies may not be needed at all for patients with a low PSA density and a negative mpMRI read by experienced radiologists.
Parents' Sexual Orientation and Children's Development
Authors: Patterson Charlotte J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhat if any influence does parents' sexual orientation have on children's development? Research suggests that, contrary to concerns voiced by many observers, parents' sexual orientation has little if any direct impact on children's development. Even so, some distinctive qualities of experiences in families of lesbian and gay parents have been noted, and their implications are not fully understood. Moreover, research on individual differences among families headed by lesbian mothers and gay fathers, and their possible impact on children, is still in its early phases. In this article, I provide an overview of research in this area and offer suggestions for further studies.
Promoting Neuroprotective Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Preterm Infant Development: Insights From the Neonatal Adequate Care for Quality of Life Study
Authors: Montirosso Rosario , Tronick Ed , Borgatti Renato 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring their stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), preterm infants are exposed to adverse stressful experiences that deplete their resources and often result in problematic functioning and developmental outcomes. The impact of specific developmental care practices (e.g., kangaroo care) on preterm infants has been researched extensively. Moreover, the dissemination of knowledge about developmental care has facilitated broader neuroprotective care (NC) that combines different kinds of developmental care practices in different NICUs. However, little is known about how variation in NC affects infants and their long‐term developmental outcomes. Using the findings from the Neonatal Adequate Care for Quality of Life project, in this article, we discuss how variation in the NC incorporated by NICUs into standard care affects short‐ and long‐term outcomes in children born preterm.
Fair Resource Allocation Among Children and Adolescents: The Role of Group and Developmental Processes
Authors: Rutland Adam , Killen Melanie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe fair exchange of resources provides a basis for developing morality, yet research has rarely examined the role of group processes that are central to children's world. In this article, we describe a new perspective as well as research demonstrating that group processes play a key role in the fair allocation of resources among children and adolescents. We contend that when children allocate resources, group processes and moral judgments are relevant, a developmental shift occurs in children's ability to coordinate moral and group concerns, and group processes contribute to intergroup bias regarding allocations but also to efforts to consider the status of disadvantaged groups. Our perspective informs efforts to reduce prejudice as well as increase fairness and equality in situations in which group processes are relevant for allocating resources fairly.
The Social Tasks of Friendship: Do Boys and Girls Excel in Different Tasks?
Authors: Rose Amanda J. , Asher Steven R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResearch documents the strengths of girls’ friendships compared to boys’ friendships leading to the inference that boys are not very skilled as friends. In this article, we use a friendship tasks framework to propose that this inference is premature and should be reconciled with evidence that boys are as satisfied as girls with their friendships and that their friendships are as stable over time. We also propose that the inference arises partly because the friendship tasks that girls handle well have been studied extensively, whereas certain friendship tasks boys handle as well as or more successfully than girls are understudied. These tasks include being a fun and enjoyable companion, coping when a friend violates a core expectation of friendship, and sustaining friendships in the broader social context of a friend having other friends. Finally, we suggest that girls and boys who develop skills to respond to a range of friendship tasks will benefit in the long term.
One‐hour postload plasma glucose concentration in people with normal glucose homeostasis predicts future diabetes mellitus: a 12‐year community‐based cohort study
Authors: Oh Tae Jung , Lim Soo , Kim Kyoung Min , Moon Jae Hoon , Choi Sung Hee , Cho Young Min , Park Kyong Soo , Jang HakChul , Cho Nam H. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveIn Caucasians, plasma glucose concentration at 1 h during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may be a better predictor of future diabetes mellitus than the fasting or 2‐h postload glucose concentration. We investigated whether the 1‐h glucose concentration could be used to predict future diabetes mellitus in Asian ethnicity.MeasurementsA total of 5703 Koreans with normal glucose tolerance were enrolled from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Indices of insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function estimated from standard 75‐g OGTTs performed every 2 years for 12 years were used to identify whether the 1‐h glucose concentration could predict future diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe mean age and body mass index at baseline were 51·3 ± 8·7 years and 24·2 ± 3·0 kg/m2, respectively. During the 12‐year follow‐up, 593 subjects (10·3%) developed diabetes mellitus. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve for incident diabetes mellitus was higher for the 1‐h postload glucose concentration than for the fasting or postload 2‐h glucose concentration (0·74 vs 0·61 or 0·63). The cut‐off value of ≥8·0 mmol/l identified incident diabetes mellitus with 70% sensitivity and 68% specificity. After adjusting for typical risk factors, subjects with a 1‐h postload glucose concentration ≥8·0 mmol/l had lower β‐cell function and a 2·84‐fold increased risk of incident diabetes mellitus compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsIn this community‐based 12‐year prospective cohort study, 1‐h postload plasma glucose concentration was an independent predictor of future diabetes mellitus and 8·0 mmol/l was suggested as a cut‐off value.
Estimation of the occupancy of butterflies in diverse biogeographic regions
Authors: Fleishman Erica , Scherer Rick D. , Zappalla Angela , Leu Matthias 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimWe explored the extent to which occupancy of butterflies within three biogeographic regions could be explained by vegetation structure and composition, topography and other environmental attributes; whether results were consistent among regions; and whether assumptions of closure were met with assemblage‐level sampling designs.LocationChesapeake Bay Lowlands (Virginia), central Great Basin (Nevada) and western Great Basin (Nevada and California) (all USA).MethodsWe applied single‐season occupancy models that either assumed closure or relaxed the closure assumption to data from 2013 and 2014 for 13–15 species in each region.ResultsMaximum single‐year estimates of detection probabilities ranged from 0.14 to 0.99, and single‐year occupancy from 0.28 to 0.98. The assumption of closure was met for a maximum of 54% of the species in a given region and year. Detection probabilities of > 90% of the species in each region increased as the categorical abundance of nectar or mud increased. Measures of the dominance or abundance of deciduous woody species and structural heterogeneity were included in the greatest number of occupancy models for the Chesapeake Bay Lowlands, which may in part reflect the intensity of browsing by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Elevation and precipitation were prominent covariates in occupancy models for Great Basin butterflies.Main conclusionsBecause occupancy models do not rely on captures or observations of multiple individuals in a population, they potentially can be applied to a relatively high proportion of the species in an assemblage. However, estimation of occupancy is complicated by taxonomic, temporal and spatial variation in phenology. In multiple, widely divergent ecosystems, all or some associations between covariates and detection probability or occupancy for at least one‐third of the species could not be estimated, often because a given species rarely was detected at locations with relatively low or high values of a covariate. Despite their advantages, occupancy models may leave unexplained the environmental associations with the distributions of many species.
Fatigue and its relationship with physical activity, age, and body composition in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: McPhee Patrick G , Brunton Laura K , Timmons Brian W , Bentley Todd , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: November 2016

AimThe objectives of this exploratory study were (1) to describe the experience of fatigue in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) inclusive of all levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS); and (2) to determine if physical activity level, sedentary time, age, or body composition can predict fatigue in adults with CP.MethodAn observational study was conducted in an outpatient setting in Ontario, Canada. Participants included adults with CP (n=41; GMFCS levels I–V; mean age 33.7y, standard deviation [SD] 12.3y). Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Impact and Severity Self‐Assessment (FISSA) questionnaire. Habitual physical activity and sedentary time were measured using accelerometry. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were reported as measures of body composition.ResultsThe mean (SD) FISSA score for all participants was 84.5 (30.6), ranging from 54.0 (18.3) (GMFCS level I) to 93.6 (21.9) (GMFCS level V). Significant positive relationships (regression coefficient β [95% confidence intervals]) were observed between BMI and FISSA scores (1.9 [0.73–3.1]), waist circumference and FISSA scores (0.71 [0.19–1.2]), and age and FISSA scores (0.99 [0.26–1.7]). A significant negative relationship was observed between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per hour and FISSA scores −6.4 [−12 to −0.83]). Backwards stepwise regression analysis revealed BMI (1.8 [0.61–2.9]) and MVPA per hour (−5.4 [−10 to −0.30]) were significant predictors of FISSA scores.InterpretationHealth care providers should consider the importance of weight management and physical activity to prevent and treat fatigue in this population.
Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine‐scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonusspp.)
Authors: Hudson Alan G. , Lundsgaard‐Hansen Baenz , Lucek Kay , Vonlanthen Pascal , Seehausen Ole 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhitefish (Coregonusspp.) are an important catch for many freshwater fisheries, particularly in Switzerland. In support of this, supplemental stocking of whitefish species is carried out, despite lacking complete knowledge of the extent, distribution and origin of whitefish diversity in these lakes, potentially threatening local endemics via artificial gene flow. Here, we investigate phenotypic and genetic differentiation among coexisting whitefish species spawning along a depth gradient in a subalpine Swiss lake to better delineate intralacustrine whitefish biodiversity. We find depth‐related clines in adaptive morphology and in neutral genetic markers. This individual variation is structured in three distinct clusters with spatial overlap. Individual genetic distances correlate strongly with differences in growth rate and gill‐raker number, consistent with predictions of isolation‐by‐adaptation and ecological speciation. Genetic differentiation between species suggests reproductive isolation, despite demographic admixture on spawning grounds. Our results are consistent with clinal speciation resulting in three species coexisting in close ecological parapatry, one (C. sp. “benthic intermediate”) being previously unknown. A second unknown species spawning in close proximity was found to be of potential allochthonous origin. This study highlights the importance of taxonomically unbiased sampling strategies to both understand evolutionary mechanisms structuring biodiversity and to better inform conservation and fisheries management.
Validation of distal limb mounted inertial measurement unit sensors for stride detection in Warmblood horses at walk and trot
Authors: Bragança F. M. , Bosch S. , Voskamp J. P. , Marin‐Perianu M. , Van der Zwaag B. J. , Vernooij J. C. M. , van Weeren P. R. , Back W. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundInertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor‐based techniques are becoming more popular in horses as a tool for objective locomotor assessment.ObjectivesTo describe, evaluate and validate a method of stride detection and quantification at walk and trot using distal limb mounted IMU sensors.Study designProspective validation study comparing IMU sensors and motion capture with force plate data.MethodsA total of seven Warmblood horses equipped with metacarpal/metatarsal IMU sensors and reflective markers for motion capture were hand walked and trotted over a force plate. Using four custom built algorithms hoof‐on/hoof‐off timing over the force plate were calculated for each trial from the IMU data. Accuracy of the computed parameters was calculated as the mean difference in milliseconds between the IMU or motion capture generated data and the data from the force plate, precision as the s.d. of these differences and percentage of error with accuracy of the calculated parameter as a percentage of the force plate stance duration.ResultsAccuracy, precision and percentage of error of the best performing IMU algorithm for stance duration at walk were 28.5, 31.6 ms and 3.7% for the forelimbs and −5.5, 20.1 ms and −0.8% for the hindlimbs, respectively. At trot the best performing algorithm achieved accuracy, precision and percentage of error of −27.6/8.8 ms/−8.4% for the forelimbs and 6.3/33.5 ms/9.1% for the hindlimbs.Main limitationsThe described algorithms have not been assessed on different surfaces.ConclusionsInertial measurement unit technology can be used to determine temporal kinematic stride variables at walk and trot justifying its use in gait and performance analysis. However, precision of the method may not be sufficient to detect all possible lameness‐related changes. These data seem promising enough to warrant further research to evaluate whether this approach will be useful for appraising the majority of clinically relevant gait changes encountered in practice.
Silage and total mixed ration hygienic quality on commercial farms: implications for animal production
Authors: Cogan T. , Hawkey R. , Higgie E. , Lee M. R. F. , Mee E. , Parfitt D. , Raj J. , Roderick S. , Walker N. , Ward P. , Wilkinson J. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractImplications of silage hygienic quality for animal production were investigated on forty‐five dairy farms in South West England. Samples of grass and maize silages and of total mixed rations (TMR) were obtained together with information on silage technology, herd size and animal production. Samples were analysed for mycotoxins, bacteria, yeasts, moulds and chemical composition. Thirteen mycotoxins were assayed, but none were detected in the samples of grass silage. However, mycotoxins were found in 0·9 of all maize and other silage samples, with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone predominating. There was no relationship between total mycotoxin concentration and mean lactation milk yield per cow. Enterobacteria counts tended to be higher in maize silage than in grass silage and higher still in TMR – a cause for concern. There were no relationships between mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations in silages, implying that mycotoxins may have been produced in the field pre‐ensiling.
The gender pay gap at labour market entrance: Evidence from Germany
Authors: BEHR Andreas , THEUNE Katja 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe authors investigate wage differentials between German male and female graduates at labour market entrance at all percentiles of the wage distribution. The wage differentials are decomposed using the single‐index approach suggested by DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux (1996) and Fortin and Lemieux (1998), and by endowment, price and returns‐to‐skill function effects. The results reveal higher starting salaries for men at all percentiles of the income distribution, with the pay gap varying in magnitude. The endowment and price effects are favourable for men throughout. The effect of the difference in the returns‐to‐skill function works in favour of female graduates.
Developing a prenatal nursing care International Classification for Nursing Practice catalogue
Authors: Liu L. , Coenen A. , Tao H. , Jansen K.R. , Jiang A.L. 
Published: November 2016

AimThis study aimed to develop a prenatal nursing care catalogue of International Classification for Nursing Practice.BackgroundAs a programme of the International Council of Nurses, International Classification for Nursing Practice aims to support standardized electronic nursing documentation and facilitate collection of comparable nursing data across settings. This initiative enables the study of relationships among nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes for best practice, healthcare management decisions, and policy development. The catalogues are usually focused on target populations. Pregnant women are the nursing population addressed in this project.MethodsAccording to the guidelines for catalogue development, three research steps have been adopted: (a) identifying relevant nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes; (b) developing a conceptual framework for the catalogue; (c) expert's validation.ResultsThis project established a prenatal nursing care catalogue with 228 terms in total, including 69 nursing diagnosis, 92 nursing interventions and 67 nursing outcomes, among them, 57 nursing terms were newly developed. All terms in the catalogue were organized by a framework with two main categories, i.e. Expected Changes of Pregnancy and Pregnancy at Risk. Each category had four domains, representing the physical, psychological, behavioral and environmental perspectives of nursing practice.Implications for nursing practiceThis catalogue can ease the documentation workload among prenatal care nurses, and facilitate storage and retrieval of standardized data for many purposes, such as quality improvement, administration decision‐support and researches. The documentations of prenatal care provided data that can be more fluently communicated, compared and evaluated across various healthcare providers and clinic settings.
A comparative study on the clinical decision‐making processes of nurse practitioners vs. medical doctors using scenarios in a secondary care environment
Authors: Thompson Stephen , Moorley Calvin , Barratt Julian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the decision‐making skills of secondary care nurse practitioners compared with those of medical doctors.BackgroundA literature review was conducted, searching for articles published from 1990 ‐ 2012. The review found that nurse practitioners are key to the modernization of the National Health Service. Studies have shown that compared with doctors, nurse practitioners can be efficient and cost‐effective in consultations.DesignQualitative research design.MethodsThe information processing theory and think aloud approach were used to understand the cognitive processes of 10 participants (5 doctors and 5 nurse practitioners). One nurse practitioner was paired with one doctor from the same speciality and they were compared using a structured scenario‐based interview. To ensure that all critical and relevant cues were covered by the individual participating in the scenario, a reference model was used to measure the degree of successful diagnosis, management and treatment. This study was conducted from May 2012 ‐ January 2013.ResultsThe data were processed for 5 months, from July to November 2012. The two groups of practitioners differed in the number of cue acquisitions obtained in the scenarios. In our study, nurse practitioners took 3 minutes longer to complete the scenarios.ConclusionThis study suggests that nurse practitioner consultations are comparable to those of medical doctors in a secondary care environment in terms of correct diagnoses and therapeutic treatments. The information processing theory highlighted that both groups of professionals had similar models for decision‐making processes.