bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FDA Sentinel Real World Evidence Data Enterprise (RWE‐DE)
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Marsolo Keith , Smith Joshua , Carrell David , Penfold Robert , Pillai Haritha S. , Lii Joyce , Ngan Kerry , Winter Robert , Adgent Margaret , Ramaprasan Arvind , Driscoll Meighan Rogers , Scarnecchia Daniel , Kiernan Daniel , Draper Christine , Lyons Jennifer G. , Khurshid Anjum , Maro Judith C. , Zimmerman Ruth , Brown Jeffrey , Bright Patricia , Hernández‐Muñoz José J. , Matheny Michael E. , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe US Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel Innovation Center aimed to establish a query‐ready, quality‐checked distributed data network containing electronic health records (EHRs) linked with insurance claims data for at least 10 million individuals to expand the utility of real‐world data for regulatory decision‐making.MethodsIn this report, we describe the resulting network, the Real‐World Evidence Data Enterprise (RWE‐DE), including data from two commercial EHR‐claims linked assets collectively termed the Commercial Network covering 21 million lives, and four academic partner institutions collectively termed the Development Network covering 4.5 million lives.ResultsWe discuss provenance and completeness of the data converted in the Sentinel Common Data Model (SCDM), describe patient populations, and report on EHR‐claims linkage characterization for all contributing data sources. Further, we introduce a standardized process to store free‐text notes in the Development Network for efficient retrieval as needed.ConclusionsFinally, we outline typical use cases for the RWE‐DE where it can broaden the reach of the types of questions that can be addressed by the Sentinel system.
The Use of Japanese Traditional (Kampo) Medicines Before and During Pregnancy in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three‐Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Noda Aoi , Arita Ryutaro , Obara Taku , Suzuki Satoko , Ohsawa Minoru , Obara Ryo , Morishita Kei , Ueno Fumihiko , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Shinoda Genki , Murakami Keiko , Orui Masatsugu , Ishikuro Mami , Kikuchi Akiko , Takayama Shin , Ishii Tadashi , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeJapanese traditional (Kampo) medicines are often used for pregnant women in Japan. However, no comprehensive studies have been conducted regarding the self‐reported use of these medicines during pregnancy. This study investigated the use of Kampo medicines during pregnancy in Japan using the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three‐Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study).MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to pregnant women participating in the TMM BirThree Cohort Study (July 2013 to March 2017) at approximately 12 weeks (early pregnancy) and 26 weeks (middle pregnancy). We analysed Kampo medicines use over three periods: (1) 12 months before pregnancy diagnosis, (2) the period between pregnancy diagnosis and around Week 12 of pregnancy and (3) from around Week 12 of pregnancy.ResultsIn total, 19 220 women were included in the analysis. The proportions using prescribed Kampo medicines were 4.1% before pregnancy diagnosis, 4.5% from diagnosis to Week 12% and 4.5% after Week 12 of pregnancy. The most frequently prescribed Kampo medicines were tokishakuyakusan (1.0%) before pregnancy diagnosis, shoseiryuto (1.3%) from diagnosis to Week 12 and shoseiryuto (1.5%) Post‐week 12. Sixty of the pregnant women used Kampo medicines containing crude drugs, which should be administered cautiously during pregnancy.ConclusionThe proportion of Kampo medicines use before and during pregnancy was 4%–5%. Some pregnant women used Kampo medicines containing crude drugs that should be administered cautiously during pregnancy. Further research is required to determine the safety of Kampo medicines during pregnancy.
Systematic expression analysis of cysteine‐rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis‐related 1 protein (CAP) superfamily in Arabidopsis
Authors: Matsuzawa Megumi , Nakayama Takumi , Sato Masa H. , Hirano Tomoko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Cysteine‐rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), Antigen 5 (Ag5), and Pathogenesis‐related 1 (PR‐1) protein (CAP) superfamily members are found in multiple eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, animals, and plants. Although one of the plant CAP family genes, PR‐1 is known to respond to pathogen infection in plants, the functions of other CAP family genes in Arabidopsis remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the similarities, loci, and expression patterns of 22 Arabidopsis CAP genes/proteins, providing a clue to elucidate their molecular functions. According to the promoter‐β‐glucuronidase (GUS) analysis, members of the Arabidopsis CAP family were expressed in various young tissues or organs, such as root and shoot meristems, reproductive tissues, and particularly at the lateral root initiation site before the formation of the lateral root primordium, with distinct expression specificity. In particular, CAP51, CAP52, and CAP53 were specifically expressed in the cortical cells at the lateral root developing regions, suggesting that these genes may function in lateral root development. Thus, the expression patterns of Arabidopsis CAP family genes suggest that CAP family proteins may have certain function in the expressed organs or tissues in Arabidopsis plant.
Dissecting the genetic architecture of sunflower disc diameter using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Delen Yavuz , Mural Ravi V. , Palali‐Delen Semra , Xu Gen , Schnable James C. , Dweikat Ismail , Yang Jinliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plays an essential role in meeting the demand for edible oil worldwide. The yield of sunflower seeds encompasses several component traits, including the disc diameter. Over three consecutive years, 2019, 2020, and 2022, we assessed phenotypic variation in disc diameter across a diverse set of sunflower accessions (N = 342) in replicated field trials. Upon aggregating the phenotypic data from multiple years, we estimated the broad sense heritability (H2) of the disc diameter trait to be 0.88. A subset of N = 274 accessions was genotyped by using the tunable genotyping‐by‐sequencing (tGBS) method, resulting in 226,779 high‐quality SNPs. Using these SNPs and the disc diameter phenotype, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) employing two statistical approaches: the mixed linear model (MLM) and the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (farmCPU). The MLM and farmCPU GWAS approaches identified 106 and 8 significant SNPs located close to 53 and 21 genes, respectively. The MLM analysis identified two significant peaks: a prominent signal on chromosome 10 and a relatively weaker signal on chromosome 16, both of which were also detected by farmCPU. The genetic loci associated with disc diameter, as well as the related candidate genes, present promising avenues for further functional validation and serve as a basis for sunflower oil yield improvement.
Detection of damage caused by Nezara viridula on soybean using novel imaging approaches based on computed tomography and image color analysis
Authors: Gibicsár Szilvia , Donkó Tamás , Fajtai Dániel , Keszthelyi Sándor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max L.) is an important leguminous plant, in which pests trigger significant damage every year. Important members of this community are insects with piercing‐sucking mouthpart, especially the southern green stinkbug, Nezara viridula L.. This insect with its extraoral digestion causes visible alterations (morphological and color changes) in the seeds. We aimed to obtain precise information about the extent and nature of damage in soybeans caused by N. viridula using nondestructive imaging methods. Two infestation conditions were applied: one with controlled numbers of pests (six insects/15 pods) and another with naturally occurring pests (samples collected from the apical part of the plant and samples from whole plants). An intact control group was also included, resulting in four treatment groups. Seed samples were analyzed by computed tomography (CT) and image color analysis under laboratory conditions. According to our CT findings, the damage caused by N. viridula changed the radiodensity, volume, and shape (Solidity) of the soybean seeds during the pod‐filling and maturing period. Radiodensity was significantly reduced in all three damaged categories compared to the intact sample; the mean radiodensity reduction range was 49–412 HU. The seed volume also decreased significantly (25%–80% decrease), with a threefold reduction for samples exposed to regulated damage compared to natural ones. The samples exposed to natural damage showed significant but minor reduction in solidity, while samples exposed to regulated damage showed a prominent decrease (~12%). Image color analysis showed that the damaged samples were well distinguishable, and the differences were statistically verifiable. The achieved data derived from our external and internal imaging approaches contribute to a better understanding of the internal chemical processes, and CT analysis helps to understand the alteration trends of the hidden structure of seeds caused by a pest. Our results can contribute to the development of a practically applicable system based on image analysis, which can identify lots damaged by insects.
Optimizing the aggregate structure and charge carrier transport performance of D‐A conjugated polymer films using nonpolar solvents
Authors: Bai Yun , Liu Changhui , Xu Chunwei , Yang Yunyun , Shen Zhibang , Chen Yu , Zhou Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolution‐processed conjugated polymers have been widely used in the fields of electronic skin, wearable devices, and organic optoelectronic devices, due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, flexibility, and low cost. The aggregate structure of conjugated polymers determines the efficiency of charge carrier transport, thereby affecting the optoelectronic performance of the devices. In this work, we regulated the crystalline behavior and aggregated state structure of D‐A conjugated polymers by controlling the interaction between solvents and conjugated polymers. By using the Hansen solubility parameter radius (Ra) to screen different polar and nonpolar solvents, we found that in nonpolar solvents with a larger Ra, the polymer exhibited strong intermolecular aggregation, while in solvents with a smaller Ra, the polymer showed almost no ordered aggregation. During the subsequent film formation process, we extended the crystallization time of the conjugated polymer by controlling the solvent atmosphere. Films prepared in nonpolar solvents with a larger Ra showed the formation of large‐sized fibers, exhibiting a mixed orientation of face‐on and edge‐on. On the other hand, films prepared in solvents with a smaller Ra formed smaller fibers, mainly with an edge‐on orientation. In‐situ film absorption spectroscopy indicated that the aggregation state of the polymer in nonpolar solvents with a larger Ra could be maintained through a memory effect during the film formation process, while the aggregation behavior of the polymer in solvents with a smaller Ra underwent significant changes. Ultimately, the films prepared in solvents with a larger Ra exhibited higher charge carrier mobility.
Pneumothorax as the first presentation of multiple exostosis
Authors: Khoury Lana , Jabarin Maysaa , Hamad Saied Mohamad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article underscores the critical importance of thorough physical examinations and the need to investigate secondary causes in cases of refractory pneumothorax. The identification of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) as the underlying condition highlights the necessity of considering rare etiologies, particularly in atypical presentations. While exostoses typically affect long bones, they can also involve the ribs and scapulae, leading to complications such as pneumothorax. In pediatric patients, where multiple symptoms may arise from a single condition, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
PPARγ/ETV2 axis regulates endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Lee Dong Hun , Kim Minseong , Chang Sarah S. , Lee Raham , Jang Andrew J. , Kim Juyoung , Ma Jing , Passineau Michael J. , Benza Raymond L. , Karmouty‐Quintana Harry , Lam Wilbur A. , Kopp Benjamin T. , Sutliff Roy L. , Hart C. Michael , Park Changwon , Kang Bum‐Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEndothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays an important role in pulmonary hypertension (PH) but the molecular mechanisms regulating EndoMT remain to be defined. We demonstrate that the axis of the transcription factors PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor gamma) and ETV2 (ETS variant 2) play important roles in the pathogenesis of PH. Decreased levels of the expression of PPARγ and ETV2 along with reduced endothelial and increased EndoMT markers are consistently observed in lungs and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, in hypoxia‐exposed mouse lungs, human PAECs, and in induced‐EndoMT cells. Etv2+/− mice spontaneously developed PH and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), associated with increased EndoMT markers and decreased EC markers. Interestingly, chronic hypoxia exacerbated right ventricular systolic pressure and RVH in Etv2+/− mice. PPARγ transcriptionally activates the ETV2 promoter. Consistently, while mice overexpressing endothelial PPARγ increases the expression of ETV2 and endothelial markers with reduced EndoMT markers, endothelial PPARγ KO mice show decreased ETV2 expression and enhanced EndoMT markers. Inducible overexpression of ETV2 under induced‐EndoMT cell model reduces number of cells with mesenchymal morphology and decreases expression of mesenchymal markers with increased EC makers, compared to control. Therefore, our study suggests that PPARγ‐ETV2 signaling regulates PH pathogenesis through EndoMT.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing following acute pulmonary embolism: Systematic review and pooled analysis of global studies
Authors: VanAken Gabriella , Wieczorek Daniel , Rubick Drew , Jabri Ahmad , Franco‐ Palacios Domingo , Grafton Gillian , Kelly Bryan , Osinbowale Olusegun , Ahsan Syed T. , Awdish Rana , Aronow Herbert D. , Shore Supriya , Aggarwal Vikas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent reports have revealed a substantial morbidity burden associated with “post‐PE syndrome” (PPES). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has shown promise in better characterizing these patients. In this systematic review and pooled analysis, we aim to use CPET data from PE survivors to understand PPES better. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for studies reporting CPET results in post‐PE patients without known pulmonary hypertension published before August 1, 2023. Studies were independently reviewed by two authors. CPET findings were subcategorized into (1) exercise capacity (percent predicted pVO2 and pVO2) and (2) ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope and VD/VT). We identified 14 studies (n = 804), 9 prospective observational studies, 4 prospective case‐control studies, and 1 randomized trial. Pooled analysis demonstrated a weighted mean percent predicted pVO2 of 76.09 ± 20.21% (n = 184), with no difference between patients tested <6 months (n = 76, 81.69±26.06%) compared to ≥6 months post‐acute PE (n = 88, 82.55 ± 21.47%; p = 0.817). No difference was seen in pVO2 in those tested <6 months (n = 76, 1.67 ± 0.51 L/min) compared to ≥6 months post‐acute PE occurrence (n = 144, 1.75 ± 0.57 L/min; p = 0.306). The weighted mean VE/VCO2 slope was 32.72 ± 6.02 (n = 244), with a significant difference noted between those tested <6 months (n = 91, 36.52 ± 6.64) compared to ≥6 months post‐acute PE (n = 191, 31.99 ± 5.7; p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study, which was limited by small sample sizes and few multicenter studies, found no significant difference in exercise capacity between individuals tested <6 months versus ≥6 months after acute PE. However, ventilatory efficiency was significantly improved in patients undergoing CPET ≥ 6 months compared to those <6 months from the index PE.
Theoretical Study on the Dissociation Mechanism of Thiophene in the UV Photoabsorption, Ionization, and Electron Attachment Processes
Authors: Upadhyaya Hari P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA computational study on the intricate mechanism of thiophene ring‐fragmentation (TRF) in the UV photodissociation, dissociative ionization, and dissociative electron attachment process has been performed. The complete fragmentation process is studied using high level G4 composite method for neutral, cationic, and anionic species by elucidating a detailed mechanism for various reaction channels. The study shows that for neutral thiophene, the major pathway is the migration of H atom and subsequent fragmentation through a transition state yielding acetylene (HC≡CH) and H2C=C=S. However, for the thiophene cation, the acetylene (HC≡CH)+H2C=C=S+ channel is a two‐step and barrier less process. The onset of CH3+HC=C=C=S channel has been observed in both the thiophene cation and anion which was absent in the neutral analogue. Similarly, the onset of H2S+HC≡C—C≡CH channel has been found to operate only in the thiophene cation. Others, such as HCS and HS elimination channels have been found in all the species showing similar dissociation mechanism. For the thiophene anion, the TRF process is very much similar to that of thiophene cation. However, the reaction enthalpies of the various elimination channels in the anionic species are lower as compared to that of cationic species. During the study, the ionization energies and electron affinities of various molecules/radicals produced during the fragmentation process of thiophene were also computed.
Safety and Efficacy of the Swift Microwave Device in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Onychomycosis: Protocol of an Open-Label, Randomized, Dose-Finding Pilot Study
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Wang Tong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail disease with a prevalence rate up to 14% in North America and 24% in Europe. The current treatment paradigm is limited by a high risk of disease recurrence, safety concerns for oral agents, and a low likelihood of patients achieving both clinical improvement and mycological cure. Recent advances in device-based treatments have allowed for the direct targeting of the infection site that bypasses drug resistance mechanisms while minimizing systemic side-effects. The Swift® System is a microwave device that has demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating skin (e.g. verrucae vulgaris, actinic keratosis) and nail infections.

Methods
We report the protocol of an open-label, randomized, pilot study that will be conducted at a single Canadian center. Our primary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microwave treatment (Swift® System, Emblation Ltd, Scotland, U.K.), administered at three different dosing regimens, in 45 patients with mild-to-moderate distal subungual onychomycosis. Our secondary objective is to identify an optimal dosing regimen, if any, to better inform the conduct of a future pivotal trial. Patients will be randomized (1:1:1) to undergo either 9 treatment sessions (5 weekly sessions plus 4 monthly sessions), 7 treatment sessions (3 sessions every 2 weeks plus 4 monthly sessions), or 12 treatment sessions every 2 weeks. At each session microwave energy will be applied in 3-s intervals at 7–9 Watts, repeated up to 5 times at each treatment position on the nail. Overlapping treatment positions are used to ensure sufficient coverage of the infected area. Patients will be enrolled in the trial over a 12-month period. Efficacy will be evaluated based on visual improvement and mycology testing results. Adverse events will be recorded throughout the entire study period.

Discussion
This study will be the first to report on the safety and efficacy of microwave treatment in onychomycosis patients in a trial setting; recruitment is ongoing.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05674747.
Exploring the Hydrogen Storage Potential of Allylamine Borane Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Yaya Ibrahim , Udofia Inemesit A. , Isyaku Yusuf , Ja'o Aliyu M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study focused on investigating the potential of allylamine borane (AABH3) as a hydrogen‐releasing compound and its viability as an alternative energy source. The investigation involved a comprehensive analysis of its structure and thermochemistry during the dehydrogenation process using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The structural parameters computed with the M06‐2X method were observed to be closer to the experimental values than those of B3LYP and wB97XD3, particularly, the bond lengths. The C−N−B bond angle was observed to increase with dehydrogenation, and higher with doubly dehydrogenated adduct. Also, the dihedral angle was observed to change from negative to positive and back to negative in AABH3, AABH2 and AABH respectively. The reaction enthalpy (▵Hr) for the first dehydrogenation step obtained at M06‐2X/cc‐pVTZ level is exothermic (−19.6 kJ/mol), while the second step is endothermic (132.6 kJ/mol). However, the values of the entropy in the first and second dehydrogenation steps are 122.0 and 124.0 kJ/mol respectively, indicating the feasibility of the reaction. The values of the reaction free energy (▵Gr), in the first and second steps were calculated to be −56.0 kJ/mol and 95.7 kJ/mol respectively, indicating that the second step of the reaction is rate limiting. The relative free energies of the reaction also corroborated this observation. The mechanism of the reaction was observed to be initiated by the abstraction of AABH3 proton by the BH3, over a distance of 1.37 Å. Importantly, the calculated dehydrogenation reaction energies demonstrated minimal energy requirements for the hydrogen release reactions, indicating the suitability of allylamine borane for chemical hydrogen storage onboard various applications.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Some 6‐Methoxy‐2‐Naphthyl Pyrimidinones with Molecular Docking and Biological Activities Studies
Authors: Divya Jaganathan , Gayathri Paneerselvam , Muthuvel Inbasekaran , Suguna Sugumaran , Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new series of 6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthalene based pyrimidinones were synthesized via one pot‐three component synthetic reaction of aryl aldehydes, 6‐methoxy‐2‐acetonapthone and urea in the presence of nano zinc ferrite catalyst under conventional method. The synthesized compounds were characterized by their spectral techniques including FT‐IR, H1, C13 NMR, LCMS, and analysis of elements. Molecular docking analysis was also performed to identify the protein‐ligand interactions and binding energy of synthesized compounds. Biological studies of all synthesized pyrimidinone compounds have been measured against bacterial and fungal strains by calculating the zone of inhibition.