bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of halogenated very short-lived substances from the west Indian Ocean to the stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Fiehn Alina , Quack Birgit , Hepach Helmke , Fuhlbrügge Steffen , Tegtmeier Susann , Toohey Matthew , Atlas Elliot , Krüger Kirstin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLSs) are naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to the atmosphere. When transported to the stratosphere, these compounds can have a significant influence on the ozone layer and climate. During a research cruise on RV Sonne in the subtropical and tropical west Indian Ocean in July and August 2014, we measured the VSLSs, methyl iodide (CH3I) and for the first time bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), in surface seawater and the marine atmosphere to derive their emission strengths. Using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART with ERA-Interim meteorological fields, we calculated the direct contribution of observed VSLS emissions to the stratospheric halogen burden during the Asian summer monsoon. Furthermore, we compare the in situ calculations with the interannual variability of transport from a larger area of the west Indian Ocean surface to the stratosphere for July 2000–2015. We found that the west Indian Ocean is a strong source for CHBr3 (910 pmol m−2 h−1), very strong source for CH2Br2 (930 pmol m−2 h−1), and an average source for CH3I (460 pmol m−2 h−1). The atmospheric transport from the tropical west Indian Ocean surface to the stratosphere experiences two main pathways. On very short timescales, especially relevant for the shortest-lived compound CH3I (3.5 days lifetime), convection above the Indian Ocean lifts oceanic air masses and VSLSs towards the tropopause. On a longer timescale, the Asian summer monsoon circulation transports oceanic VSLSs towards India and the Bay of Bengal, where they are lifted with the monsoon convection and reach stratospheric levels in the southeastern part of the Asian monsoon anticyclone. This transport pathway is more important for the longer-lived brominated compounds (17 and 150 days lifetime for CHBr3 and CH2Br2). The entrainment of CHBr3 and CH3I from the west Indian Ocean to the stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon is lower than from previous cruises in the tropical west Pacific Ocean during boreal autumn and early winter but higher than from the tropical Atlantic during boreal summer. In contrast, the projected CH2Br2 entrainment was very high because of the high emissions during the west Indian Ocean cruise. The 16-year July time series shows highest interannual variability for the shortest-lived CH3I and lowest for the longest-lived CH2Br2. During this time period, a small increase in VSLS entrainment from the west Indian Ocean through the Asian monsoon to the stratosphere is found. Overall, this study confirms that the subtropical and tropical west Indian Ocean is an important source region of halogenated VSLSs, especially CH2Br2, to the troposphere and stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon.
Carisoprodol: A drug of continuing abuse
Authors: Reeves, Roy R. , Pinkofsky, Harold B. , Carter O. Stephen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Carisoprodol (Soma) is a noncontrolled, skeletal-muscle relaxant whose active metabolite is meprobamate. Despite previous indications that the drug may be abused, it continues to be widely prescribed for musculoskeletal conditions involving muscle spasm. Presented here are three cases demonstrating patterns of carisoprodol abuse not previously reported. Carisoprodol usage should be limited to short term treatment. Patients for whom carisoprodol is prescribed are at risk for meprobamate dependence.
Synthetic fracture network characterization with transdimensional inversion
Authors: Somogyvári Márk , Jalali Mohammadreza , Jimenez Parras Santos , Bayer Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFracture network geometry is crucial for transport in hard rock aquifers, but it can only be approximated in models. While fracture orientation, spacing, and intensity can be obtained from borehole logs, core images, and outcrops, the characterization of in situ fracture network geometry requires the interpretation of spatially distributed hydraulic and transport experiments. In this study, we present a novel concept using a transdimensional inversion method (reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo, rjMCMC) to invert a two‐dimensional cross‐well discrete fracture network (DFN) geometry from tracer tomography experiments. The conservative tracer transport is modeled via a fast finite difference model neglecting matrix diffusion. The proposed DFN inversion method iteratively evolves DFN variants by geometry updates to fit the observed tomographic data evaluated by the Metropolis‐Hastings‐Green acceptance criteria. A main feature is the varying dimensions of the inverse problem, which allows for the calibration of fracture geometries and numbers. This delivers an ensemble of thousands of DFN realizations that can be utilized for probabilistic identification of fractures in the aquifer. In the presented hypothetical and outcrop‐based case studies, cross sections between boreholes are investigated. The procedure successfully identifies major transport pathways in the investigated domain and explores equally probable DFN realizations, which are analyzed in fracture probability maps and by multidimensional scaling.
Surging wildfire activity in a grassland biome
Authors: Donovan Victoria M. , Wonkka Carissa L. , Twidwell Dirac 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRapid changes in wildfire patterns are documented globally, increasing pressure to identify regions that may experience increases in wildfire in future decades. Temperate grassland and savanna biomes were some of the most frequently burned regions on Earth; however, large wildfires have been largely absent from the Great Plains of North America over the last century. In this paper, we conduct an in‐depth analysis of changes in large wildfire (>400 ha) regime characteristics over a 30 year period across the Great Plains. For the entire biome, (i) the average number of large wildfires increased from 33.4 ± 5.6 per year from 1985 to 1994 to 116.8 ± 28.8 wildfires per year from 2005 to 2014, (ii) total area burned by large wildfires increased 400%, (iii) over half the ecoregions had greater than a 70% probability of a large wildfire occurring in the last decade, and (iv) seasonality of large wildfires remained relatively similar.
Formation and transport of entropy structures in the magnetotail simulated with a 3‐D global hybrid code
Authors: Lin Y. , Wing S. , Johnson J. R. , Wang X. Y. , Perez J. D. , Cheng L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlobal structure and evolution of flux tube entropy S, integrated over closed field lines, associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail are investigated using the AuburN Global hybrId codE in three dimensions (3‐D), ANGIE3D. Flux tubes with decreased entropy, or “bubbles,” are found to be generated due to the sudden change of flux tube topology and thus volume in reconnection. By tracking the propagation of the entropy‐depleted flux tubes, the roles of the entropy structure in plasma transport to the inner magnetosphere is examined with a self‐consistent global hybrid simulation for the first time. The value of S first decreases due to the shortening of flux tubes and then increases due to local ion heating as the bubbles are injected earthward by interchange‐ballooning instability, finally oscillating around an equilibrium radial distance where S is nearly the same as the ambient value. The pressure remains anisotropic and not constant along the flux tubes during their propagation with a nonzero heat flux along the field line throughout the duration of the simulation. The correlation of these bubbles with earthward fast flows and specific entropy s is also studied.
Real‐time geomagnetic monitoring for space weather‐related applications: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Finn Carol A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn examination is made of opportunities and challenges for enhancing global, real‐time geomagnetic monitoring that would be beneficial for a variety of operational projects. This enhancement in geomagnetic monitoring can be attained by expanding the geographic distribution of magnetometer stations, improving the quality of magnetometer data, increasing acquisition sampling rates, increasing the promptness of data transmission, and facilitating access to and use of the data. Progress will benefit from new partnerships to leverage existing capacities and harness multisector, cross‐disciplinary, and international interests.
Basement structure and its influence on the structural configuration of the northern North Sea rift
Authors: Fazlikhani Hamed , Fossen Haakon , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Faleide Jan Inge , Bell Rebecca E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe northern North Sea rift basin developed on a heterogeneous crust comprising structures inherited from the Caledonian orogeny and Devonian postorogenic extension. Integrating two‐dimensional regional seismic reflection data and information from basement wells, we investigate the prerift structural configuration in the northern North Sea rift. Three seismic facies have been defined below the base rift surface: (1) relatively low‐amplitude and low‐frequency reflections, interpreted as pre‐Caledonian metasediments, Caledonian nappes, and/or Devonian clastic sediments; (2) packages of high‐amplitude dipping reflections (>500 ms thick), interpreted as basement shear zones; and (3) medium‐amplitude and high‐frequency reflections interpreted as less sheared crystalline basement of Proterozoic and Paleozoic (Caledonian) origin. Some zones of Seismic Facies 2 can be linked to onshore Devonian shear zones, whereas others are restricted to the offshore rift area. Interpreted offshore shear zones dip S, ESE, and WNW in contrast to W to NW dipping shear zones onshore West Norway. Our results indicate that Devonian strain and ductile deformation was distributed throughout the Caledonian orogenic belt from central South Norway to the Shetland Platform. Most of the Devonian basins related to this extension are, however, removed by erosion during subsequent exhumation. Basement shear zones reactivated during the rifting and locally control the location and geometry of rift depocenters, e.g., in the Stord and East Shetland basins. Prerift structures with present‐day dips >15° were reactivated, although some of the basement shear zones are displaced by rift faults regardless of their orientation relative to rift extension direction.
New Trends in the Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Environmental Samples
Authors: Salgueiro‐González Noelia , Muniategui‐Lorenzo Soledad , López‐Mahía Purificación , Prada‐Rodríguez Darío 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The main aim of this article is to provide an overview of the evolution and trends in the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in environmental matrices, such as water, sediment, and biota samples. These chemical substances are capable of altering the hormonal system of humans and wildlife at low concentrations, and therefore, continuous investigations based on their occurrence, distribution, and impact are needed to preserve the environment and protect public safety. In order to highlight the gradual change related to the strategies used for EDC determination observed in the past years, this article is divided into four sections: firstly, a brief introduction about the remarkable and emerging EDCs and also the corresponding environmental legislation is included. Then, the state of the determination of EDCs in the environment and the analytical methodologies employed for the analysis of environmental matrices are discussed, with special mention to the new trends in analytical techniques. Finally, future trends required to obtain more data about this topic and control EDCs pollution in the environment are also commented.
Glioblastoma in natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Sierra Morales Fabian , Wright Robert B. , Novo Jorge E. , Arvanitis Leonidas D. , Stefoski Dusan , Koralnik Igor J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present two natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis patients who developed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with variable outcomes. One patient had an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐wildtype GBM with aggressive behavior, who declined treatment and died 13 weeks after symptoms onset. The other patient underwent resection of an IDH‐mutant secondary GBM that arose from a previously diagnosed grade II astrocytoma. He is still alive 5 years after the diagnosis of GBM. JC virus was not detected in either case. Whether natalizumab played a role in the development of GBM in those patients deserves further investigation.
Mesenteric approach during pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hirono Seiko , Kawai Manabu , Okada Ken‐ichi , Miyazawa Motoki , Shimizu Atsushi , Kitahata Yuji , Ueno Masaki , Shimokawa Toshio , Nakao Akimasa , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMesenteric approach is an artery‐first approach during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). In the present study, we evaluated clinical and oncological benefits of this procedure for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of the pancreas head. Between 2000 and 2015, 237 consecutive PDAC patients underwent PD. Among them, 72 experienced the mesenteric approach (mesenteric group) and 165 the conventional approach (conventional group). A matched‐pairs group consisted of 116 patients (58 patients in each group) matched for age, gender, resectability status, and neoadjuvant therapy. Surgical and oncological outcomes were compared between the two groups in unmatched‐ and matched‐pair analyses. Intraoperative blood loss was lower in the mesenteric group than in the conventional group in both resectable PDAC (R‐PDAC) and borderline resectable PDAC (BR‐PDAC) on unmatched‐ and matched‐pairs analyses (R‐PDAC, unmatched: 312.5 vs 510 mL, P=.008; matched: 312.5 vs 501.5 mL, P=.023; BR‐PDAC, unmatched: 507.5 vs 935 mL, P<.001; matched: 507.5 vs 920 mL, P=.003). Negative surgical margins (R0) and overall survival (OS) rates in the mesenteric group were better in R‐PDAC patients (R0 rates, unmatched: 100% vs 87.7%, P=.044; matched: 100% vs 86.7%, P=.045; OS, unmatched: P=.008, matched: P=.021), although there were no significant differences in BR‐PDAC patients. Mesenteric approach might reduce blood loss by early ligation of the vessels to the pancreatic head. Furthermore, it might increase R0 rate, leading to improvement of survival for R‐PDAC patients. However, R0 and survival rates could not be improved only by the mesenteric approach for BR‐PDAC patients. Therefore, effective multidisciplinary treatment is essential to improve survival in BR‐PDAC patients.
Review of the gut microbiome and esophageal cancer: Pathogenesis and potential clinical implications
Authors: Baba Yoshifumi , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Yoshida Naoya , Watanabe Masayuki , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEsophageal cancer ranks among the most aggressive malignant diseases. The limited improvements in treatment outcomes provided by conventional therapies have prompted us to seek innovative strategies for treating this cancer. More than 100 trillion microorganisms inhabit the human intestinal tract and play a crucial role in health and disease conditions, including cancer. The human intestinal microbiome is thought to influence tumor development and progression in the gastrointestinal tract by various mechanisms. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum, which primarily inhabits the oral cavity and causes periodontal disease, might contribute to aggressive tumor behavior through activation of chemokines such as CCL20 in esophageal cancer tissue. Composition of the intestinal microbiota is influenced by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and pro‐ and prebiotics. Therefore, by better understanding how the bacterial microbiota contributes to esophageal carcinogenesis, we might develop novel cancer prevention and treatment strategies through targeting the gastrointestinal microflora. This review discusses the current knowledge, available data and information on the relationship of microbiota with esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Topological Transformation of π‐Conjugated Molecules Reduces Resistance to Crystallization
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Cui Qiuhong , McDowell Caitlin , Seifrid Martin , Chen Xiankai , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Wang Ming , Huang Fei , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo electronically delocalized molecules were designed as models to understand how molecular shape impacts the tradeoff between solubility and crystallization tendencies in molecular semiconductors. The more soluble compound TT contains a non‐planar bithiophene central fragment, whereas CT has a planar cyclopentadithiophene unit. Calorimetry studies show that CT can crystallize more easily than TT. However, absorption spectroscopy shows that the initially amorphous TT film can eventually form crystals in which the molecular shape is significantly more planar. Two thermally reversible polymorphs for TT were observed by XRD and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. These findings are relevant within the context of designing soft semiconductors that exhibit high solubility and a tendency to provide stable organized structures with desirable electronic properties.
Zur Verdrehsteifigkeit von durch einen Kern ausgesteifte Gebäude
Authors: Brandt Bernd 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFür ein Gebäude mit einem Kern als aussteifendes lotrechtes Bauteil lässt sich für Biegebeanspruchungen mithilfe der Labilitätszahlen
und
auf einfache Weise beurteilen, ob eine Berechnung nach Theorie II. Ordnung erforderlich ist. Mit einer Berechnung zur Vernachlässigung des Nachweises von Verdrehbeanspruchungen sollen allgemeingültige Kriterien für die Aussteifung von Gebäuden mit einem Kern gewonnen werden.Wenn bei einem für Biegebeanspruchungen genügend ausgesteiften Gebäude die Grundfläche eines über den Kern gestülpten Kegels mit einem Öffnungswinkel von 60° den Gebäudegrundriss vollständig überdeckt, kann auf weitergehende Nachweise nach Theorie II. Ordnung verzichtet werden, das Gebäude ist gegen Verdrehbeanspruchungen ausreichend ausgesteift.Die Vorgehensweise ist durch Beispiele erläutert. Konstruktionsprinzipien zur Gebäudeaussteifung und baupraktische Angaben vervollständigen die Abhandlung.
Resonance Rayleigh scattering methods for the determination of chitosan with Congo red as probe
Authors: Ma Caijuan , Zhang Weiai , Guo Yaohui , Su Zhengquan , Bai Yan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo methods were presented for the sensitive and selective determination of chitosan (CTS) with Congo red (CR) as probe based on resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensities in health products. In weakly acidic buffer solution, the binding of CTS to CR, could result in the enhancement of the RRS intensities. Moreover, after adding OP emulsifier (octyl‐phenyl polyoxyethylene ether) to the system, the RRS intensities showed more significantly enhancement. The maximum RRS signals for the CTS–CR system and the CTS–CR–OP system were located at 380 nm and 376 nm, respectively. Under optimum experimental conditions, the increased RRS intensities (ΔI) of these two systems were linear to CTS concentration in the range of 0.40–8.00 μg/ml and 0.05–1.00 μg/ml. Their limits of detection (LOD) were 44.81 ng/ml and 6.99 ng/ml, which indicated that the latter system was more sensitive than the former. In this work, the optimum conditions and the effects of some foreign substances on the determination were studied. In addition, the effect of the molecular weight of CTS and the reasons for the enhancement of resonance light scattering were discussed. Finally, these two methods were applied to the determination of chitosan in health products with satisfactory results.
Qualitative HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐TOF‐MS Analysis, Cytotoxic, and Apoptotic Effects of Croatian Endemic Centaurea ragusina L. Aqueous Extracts
Authors: Radan Mila , Carev Ivana , Tešević Vele , Politeo Olivera , Čulić Vedrana Čikeš 
Published: June 2017

Centaurea ragusina L., an endemic Croatian plant species, revealed a good cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts (AE) on human bladder (T24) and human glioblastoma (A1235) cancer cell lines. The chemical constituents were tentatively identified using high performance liquid chromatography HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐TOF‐MS in negative ionization mode. The main compounds of herba extract were sesquiterpene lactones: solstitialin A 3,13‐diacetate and epoxyrepdiolide; organic acid: quinic acid. The main compounds of flower extract were organic acids: quinic acid, citric acid, and malic acid; sesquiterpene lactone: cynaropicrin; phenolic compounds: chlorogenic acid and phenylpropanoid: syringin. The AE of C. ragusina were investigated for correlation of their effects on human bladder (T24) and human glioblastoma (A1235) cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Although both extracts showed significant dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxic activity against both cancer cell lines, the flower extract exhibited slightly higher activity. In order to determine type of cell death induced by treatment, cell lines were exposed subsequently to a treatment with both flower and herba AE. The majority of the cells died by induced apoptosis treatment. Flower AE (26.25%), compared to a leaf AE (22.15%) showed slightly higher percentage of an apoptosis in T24 cells, when compared to a non‐treated cells (0.04%).
Effect of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention on criminal thinking and prison misconduct in male inmates: Variable‐oriented and person‐oriented analyses
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is some consensus on the value of cognitive‐behaviourally informed interventions in the criminal justice system, but uncertainty about which components are of critical value.AimsTo test the hypothesis that change in prisoners ‐ criminal thinking and institutional misconduct ‐ will both follow completion of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention.MethodsA one‐group pre‐test–post‐test quasi‐experimental design was used to assess change on the General Criminal Thinking (GCT) scale of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles among 219 male prisoners completing a 10‐week cognitive behavioural intervention, referred to as ‘Lifestyle Issues’. Institutional misconduct was measured for 1 year prior to completion of the course and 2 years subsequently. Using variable‐oriented analysis, post‐test GCT scores were compared with change in prison conduct, controlling for the pre‐test thinking scores. Calculations were repeated by using person‐oriented analysis.ResultsPrisoners who displayed a drop in GCT scores between pre‐test and post‐test levels were significantly more likely to show a reduction in prison misconduct, whereas prison misconduct was likely to escalate among those who displayed a rise in criminal thinking scores from pre‐test to post‐test.ConclusionsThese findings must still be regarded as preliminary, but taken together with other work and with cognitive behavioural theory, they suggest that development of more prosocial thinking and abilities may have an early beneficial effect on institutional behaviour. Their measurement may offer a practical way in which men could be assessed for readiness to return to the community. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.