bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of NSP-hydrolysing enzymes in diets for broiler chicks containing increasing contents of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) / Einsatz von NSP-spaltenden Enzymen in Futterrationen für Broiler mit unterschiedlichen Trockenschlempegehalten (DDGS)
Authors: Schedle Karl , Humer Elke , Leitgeb Rudolf , Freudenberger Gertrude , Ebner Katharina Monika , Schwarz Christiane 
Published: February 2017

summary
The objective of the current study was to determine the applicability of wheat-corn-distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as protein source with and without non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)-hydrolyzing enzymes in diets of broiler chicks. In addition to the performance and carcass characteristics, the effect on energy parameters (energy intake per day, energy per kilogram feed), digestibility, as well as sensory aspects and fatty acid profile of breast meat were determined. In a 3×2-factorial approach, a total of 360 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to six treatment groups (8%, 16%, and 24% DDGS, with or without NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes). The zootechnical performance was not influenced by increasing DDGS concentrations over the whole fattening period, whereas supplementation of the NSP-hydrolyzing enzyme improved feed conversion ratio in the grower phase and increased average daily gain (ADG) in the finisher phase (p < 0.05). Energy and dry matter (DM) digestibility as well as apparent N retention did not differ between treatments. The substitution of soybean meal and corn with DDGS and vegetable oil showed a trend of increased tenderness of broiler breast meat. Nevertheless, the intramuscular amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with increasing inclusion rate of DDGS and vegetable oil (p < 0.01).
Review of some features of the biology of Strongyloides westeri with emphasis on the life cycle
Authors: Lyons E.T. , Tolliver S.C. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Review of several aspects of the biology of Strongyloides westeri, especially on the life cycle, are presented. The main reason is because of the potential renewed importance of these parasites since the recently recognized increase in their prevalence in horse foals. Indications are that the first and main source of enteric infections in foals maturing to adults in their small intestines is from parasitic third stage larvae (L3) passing to them in milk of their dams. It appears that a lesser source of infection is from free-living L3 which, when they are ingested with food or penetrate the skin, can mature in foals. In conclusion, the source of enteric infections of adult S. westeri in foals is mainly from parasitic L3 that they ingest in milk of their dams.
Spirura carajaensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruridae), parasite of Proechimys roberti Thomas 1901 (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Cordeiro H. da Costa , Melo F. Tiago de Vasconcelos , Jr. A. Maldonado , Santos J. Nascimento Dos 
Published: February 2017

Summary
A new species of nematode, from the family Spiruridae, is described using parasites from the esophageal mucosa of Proechimys roberti (Rodentia: Echimyidae), which were obtained during a fauna survey in the Tapirapé-Aquirí National Forest, Carajás Reserve, Brazil, Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The helminthes were collected from the esophagus, fixed and processed for light microscopy. Spirura carajaensis n. sp. differs from other species in the genus because it has a left spicule with a well-developed sheath, which is leaf-shaped and covers the terminal half of the spicule. Males and females have a small appendix on the caudal end. This structure has not been reported before for this genus. The present study reports the first record of parasitism by Spirura in rodents of the genus Proechimys in Brazil and in the Amazon biome.
Biology and predatory attributes of a diplogasterid nematode, Fictor composticola Khan et al., 2008
Authors: Bajaj H. K. , Kanwar R. S. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Biology of Fictor composticola has been studied on Aphelenchus avenae in vitro. It reproduces by amphimixis, embryonic development is completed in 24 - 27 h and life cycle in 3 - 4 days. Fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei occurs in the uteri. Pulsation of median oesophageal bulb and pressing of lips against egg shell is seen just prior to hatching but teeth seem to play no role in this process. No moulting occurs inside the egg shell and the first stage juvenile hatches out. Female and male undergo mating upon addition of water in the culture plates and continue to swim in copula for a considerable time. A female lays 1.6 - 4.0 eggs in 24 h while feeding upon A. radicicolus. Predation and reproduction is affected by the temperature and 25 - 35 °C is the optimum range for these phenomena. Process of feeding as recorded with a CCTV attached to a compound microscope is described. F. composticola engulfs small preys; sucks the intestinal contents while holding them or cuts the body wall of large-sized preys and then feeds on prolapsed organs. Two sexes differ in their efficiencies of predation, a female on an average kills 53 A. avenae as compared to 11 by a male in 24 h. F. composticola feeds and reproduces on mycophagous nematodes and juveniles of root- knot, cyst and citrus nematodes but does not prey upon adult nematodes having coarsely annulated cuticle. Cannibalism in this species is also observed. F. composticola and Seinura paratenuicaudata prey upon each other. Biocontrol potential of F. composticola for managing nematode problems in button mushroom and agricultural crops has also been discussed.
Helminths of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Santoro M. , Morales J. A. , Bolaáos F. , Chaves G. , Stefano M. De 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Parasitological examination of a stranded hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Pacific coast of Costa Rica revealed the presence of a rich digenean fauna including Carettacola stunkardi (Spirorchiidae), Enodiotrema reductum (Plagiorchiidae), Cricocephalus albus, Adenogaster serialis, Epi-bathra crassa, Pleurogonius lobatus, P. trigonocephalus, P. linearis, and Pyelosomum posterorchis (Pronocephalidae). All helminths except C. albus and P. lobatus represent new geographical records for Costa Rica. Carettacola stunkardi is reported for first time in an Eastern Pacific hawksbill turtle and its pathological changes are here described. Histologically, nodular lesions on the serosal surface of intestine revealed a mixed infiltrate of heterophils, lymphocytes, and histiocytes within necrotic debris. Granulomas with spirorchiid eggs were observed in the mucosa, sub-mucosa and muscular layers of stomach and intestine, gallbladder and liver.
Development and Optimization of Vibration-Damped Tool Holders for High Length-to-Diameter Boring Operations
Authors: Sørby Knut 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhen the length-to-diameter ratio of a boring bar becomes too high, the vibration problem becomes excessive. This paper discusses the design and optimization of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) for vibration-damped boring bars. A typical TMD for a boring bar consists of a high-density mass, rubber elements, and viscous damping fluid. The TMD is mounted as close to the free end of the boring bar as possible for maximizing the damping effect. The different tuning strategies are related to the different types of vibrations that are observed in machining operations. It is shown that the classical tuning with minimized magnitude of the frequency response function will give the shortest settling time for free vibrations, while tuning for maximized negative real part of the frequency response function will give the highest resistance to regenerative chatter. For suppressing regenerative chatters, the internal damping in the material in the boring bar body is of minor importance for boring bars with TMDs, but of high importance for conventional undamped boring bars. The paper presents design solutions for TMDs in boring bars.
Leadership in the Contemporary Military: Mavericks in the Bureaucracy?
Authors: Kuronen Tuomas , Huhtinen Aki-Mauri 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this reflective paper, we study the tension between leadership and institutional control in contemporary Western military organizations. More precisely, we focus on two (out of five) NATO measures of merit, namely the Measure of Performance (MOP) and the Measure of Effectiveness (MOE), and how they manifest this tension at the operational level. We suggest that fixed leadership roles are not enough - what is required instead is an adaptive, pragmatic and even rebellious attitude towards the military bureaucracy in the contemporary, ever-changing conflict landscape.
Subjective Security in a Volatile Geopolitical Situation: Does Lithuanian Society Feel Safe?
Authors: Vileikienė Eglė , Janušauskienė Diana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The geopolitical situation of Lithuania has deteriorated since the annexation of Crimea and the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine. It has affected the objective security of the state as well as subjective security of the Lithuanian population. This article analyses subjective security and deals with the subjective perception of geopolitical and military threats, mainly social attitudes towards national security and the willingness to defend the country. Article is based on theories of securitisation and human security and holds that individuals are the primary referents of security. Empirically, the article relies on the original data of the research project “Subjective Security in a Volatile Geopolitical Context: Traits, Factors and Individual Strategies”, funded by the Research Council of Lithuania. Article shows the dynamics of social attitudes towards security. Over the last 15 years, a clear shift towards the understanding of potential military threats has occurred. Nevertheless, the predominant concern about individual security, overshadowing security of the state and security of the global order, found in previous studies, has persisted. An individual, as a rule, feels most secure in his/her “closest” environment, e.g. family and friends, and least secure in the “farthest” environment, e.g. other continents.
Efficacy of and potential morbidities associated with the use of antacid medications in preterm neonates
Authors: Patil Uday P. , Bailey Sean M. , Wachtel Elena V. , Orosz Evan , Zarchin Rebecca , Mally Pradeep V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectives:Antacid medications are frequently administered to preterm infants. These medications can change gastric pH levels and can affect regular gastrointestinal function and gut micro-bacterial flora. We hypothesized that preterm infants exposed to antacid medications are at a greater risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis, and set out to determine any association, as well as to assess the clinical efficacy of these medications.Materials and methods:Retrospective chart review of preterm infants ≤30 weeks’ gestational age or birth weight ≤1250 g over a 2-year period at New York University Langone Medical Center. Subjects were divided into two groups: those who had been treated with antacid medications and those who had not. We then examined for any difference in NEC (≥Bell stage 2) or culture proven sepsis.Results:The study comprised 65 eligible neonates, 28 in antacid treatment group and 37 in control. The incidence of NEC (21.4% vs. 2.7%, P=0.04) was significantly higher in the antacid group, but these infants tended to be born more prematurely than control subjects. There was a trend toward more culture proven sepsis cases in the antacid group. We found no difference in signs generally associated with neonatal reflux (apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation events) in subjects treated with antacid medications after treatment began.Conclusions:Treatment of preterm infants with antacid medications is potentially associated with a higher risk of NEC, and possibly sepsis, while appearing to provide little benefit.
Vision and Intimacy
Authors: Hirdman Anja 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
One emerging form of communication discussed in the present article is the use of visual self-representation as a tool for symbolic interaction between young people on the Internet. Using examples of difference and similarity in young women’s and men’s visual self-representation, the article offers an interpretation of these practices, pointing towards both new visual conventions and references to pre-existing media representations, thus revealing a process of hypervisuality. In this process of transformation, the involvement of new technologies, such as webcam aesthetics and its form of intimacy and authenticity, produces specific visual conventions within the frame of pre-existing media imagery, when the self is presented in online communication.
Media Use and Misperceptions
Authors: Aalberg Toril , Strabac Zan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that many people generally misperceive the size of the immigrant population in their country, and that this may have essential political implications. In studies of political knowledge, the news media are typically said to be one important source of information that can help make people more knowledgeable. In the present article, we investigate whether there is a relationship between TV viewing, media system variations and knowledge about immigration. We base our analysis on highly comparable data from the 2002-2003 wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) and an American replication of the ESS. The results indicate that TV viewing in general is associated with lower levels of knowledge, while there is a positive but non-significant relationship between watching TV news and knowledge about immigration. Differences in the levels of knowledge between the countries are fairly large, with residents of Nordic countries being most knowledgeable and residents of the UK, US and France tending to be least knowledgeable. Aggregate explanations for variations in media influence (share of public service TV and “media systems”) do not prove to be of much value in explaining differences in knowledge about the sizes of immigrant populations.
Authenticity in the Perspective of Sport Tourism: Some Selected Examples
Authors: Hurych Emanuel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Authenticity is usually understood as something similar to truth, or as a kind of ability of one “to be oneself”. However, for the philosophical approach, authenticity presents a more complex and complicated term. This conception has been followed in existentialism and fundamental ontology, where it has been examined and analyzed in depth (especially by Martin Heidegger). This paper deals with the search for some potentiality of the authentic modus of being through the practice of some forms of sport tourism. We selected and described four model types of sport tourism activities. Then, we designed and selected some factors of authenticity. The evaluation of authenticity within the selected activities according to the factors was applied in a two-round process of evaluation. The results of the process are explained and discussed. In conclusion, authenticity is presented as a concept that is not strongly influenced by outer settings, but is rather strongly connected with personal attunement and individual (or group) perception of the outer world.
International Cooperation: Testing Evolution of Cooperation Theories
Authors: Bowling Jeremy 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe evolution of cooperation scholarship develops evolutionary stable theories that explain the presence of cooperation when there are many reasons to defect from cooperation. In this analysis, these theories are tested using the relations between states. Focusing on the direct reciprocity strategies of Tit-for-Tat and Win-stay/Lose-shift and the indirect reciprocity strategies of Cooperative Reputation and Tag, Tit-for-Tat and Cooperative Reputation are found to be robust, while Tags have mixed results. In the end, it is the direct cooperative action by states and their cooperative reputation and not shared characteristics that are most likely to elicit cooperative action in return.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB) Migration – Endoscopic Treatment Modalities
Authors: Klimczak Tomasz , Szewczyk Tomasz , Janczak Przemysław , Jurałowicz Piotr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLaparoscopic adjustible gastric binding (LAGB) is one of most common surgical methods of treating obesity. Gastric band migration (erosion) is a typical LAGB complication, with a frequency of about 1-4%.was to present the possibilities of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of this complication.The study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterological, Oncological and General Surgery in Łódź. Between 2008 and 2015, 450 gastric bands were implanted using the laparoscopic technique in 318 (71%) women and 132 (29%) men. In this period 7 cases of band migration were diagnosed – 3 cases in men (2.3%) and 4 cases in women (1.3%), what presents 1.56% of general number of complications. Five out of 7 eroded bands were qualified for endoscopic removal. Four out of 5 qualified eroded bands were removed using the gastric band cutting technique. In one case we used the musculo-mucosal incision technique. In order to diagnose early perforations all patients underwent control passage examinations with oral contrast (gastrografin) 3-6 hours after the procedure.All 5 out of 5 qualified eroded gastric bands were successfully removed with the endoscopic method, which gives 100% success rate in own material. Two endoscopic methods were used: 1) endoscopic gastric band cutting, 2) endoscopic musculo-mucosal incision.Endoscopy gives a possibility of instant diagnosis of gastric band migration and early minimally invasive treatment. One of our endoscopic methods of removing the bands by making several incisions of the musculo-mucosal plicae has not yet been described in professional medical literature.
Ultrasound Measurement of the Gallbladder Wall Thickness in the Assessment of the Risk of Conversion from Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Open Surgery — Olkusz County Experience
Authors: Kania Dariusz 
Published: February 2017

Abstractwas to assess the risk of intraoperative difficulties, conversion and biliary-intestinal fistula during laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the basis of an ultrasound-measured gall-bladder wall thickness.A prospective study was conducted in 50 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic gallstone-induced cholecystitis. To calculate the relationships between categorical variables, a chi-square (χThe relationship between the gall-bladder wall thickness and the occurrence of intraoperative difficulties in the analysed set is deterministic (AUC = 1), and the wall thickness of ≥ 5 mm allows to predict their occurrence as soon as at the stage of diagnostic evaluation (p < 0.001). In addition, the ultrasound-measured GB wall thickness is a good predictor of conversion (AUC = 0.976; 95% CI 0.444–0.975; p < 0.001) and biliary-intestinal fistula (AUC = 0.935; 95% CI 0.121–0.738; p = 0.001).The results allow prediction of technically difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies in patients with CCh, and selection of the right surgical team helps to reduce the number of conversions and possible complications. In addition, bearing in mind the above results in everyday practice should facilitate planning and increase effectiveness in the operating room.
Specifics of Communication in Lithuanian Voting Campaigns, 2012-2016
Authors: Mažylis Liudas , Unikaitė-Jakuntavičienė Ingrida , Povilaitis Romualdas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The rapid growth of the numbers of unaffiliated voters and the internet users caused politicians’ interest in these audiences and the start of their activities in these communication channels by establishing more personalized relationships with voters. This paper aims to analyze the communication of main parties and their candidates in social media channel “Facebook” and in popular Lithuanian internet news media portals, such as delfi.lt, lrytas.lt and others before the Parliamentary elections in 2012 and the forthcoming 2016 Parliamentary elections. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of campaign coverage in the media portals and Facebook are analysed. The paper addresses the following questions: How important are factors such as new party emergence, parallel referendum campaign, and activity of using social media for the final result of elections? How active were the politicians in the Facebook? What content dominated their profiles? How much personalized were their messages? What strategies were used for communication? Did the politicians aim at mobilizing or at persuasion the voters? Involvement of citizens, voters’ turnout and political results are linked with campaign arguments and the value normative environment. We conclude by providing the discussion on the noticed tendencies and possible improvements in the communication of candidates for the future.
Environmental Aspects of Implementation of Micro Hydro Power Plants – A Short Review
Authors: Curtean-Bănăduc Angela , Pauli Skyler , Bănăduc Doru , Didenko Alexander , Sender Joana , Marić Saša , Del Monte Pablo , Khoshnood Zahra , Zakeyuddin Shafiq 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The economic importance of micro hydro power plants is obvious around the world and the development trend will continue well into the future.
Unfortunately the effects on the local lotic systems habitats and biocoenosis are not studied, and in some cases or are known only to a small degree.
A variety of taxa were identified in the study case areas as being significantly affected by the micro hydro power plants: macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish.
Targeted Reactivation during Sleep Differentially Affects Negative Memories in Socially Anxious and Healthy Children and Adolescents
Authors: Groch Sabine , Preiss Andrea , McMakin Dana L. , Rasch Björn , Walitza Susanne , Huber Reto , Wilhelm Ines 
Published: February 2017

Cognitive models propose a negative memory bias as one key factor contributing to the emergence and maintenance of social anxiety disorder (SAD). The long-term consolidation of memories relies on memory reactivations during sleep. We investigated in SAD patients and healthy controls the role of memory reactivations during sleep in the long-term consolidation of positive and negative information. Socially anxious and healthy children and adolescents learnt associations between pictures showing ambiguous situations and positive or negative words defining the situations' outcome. Half of the words were re-presented during postlearning sleep (i.e., they were cued). Recall of picture–word associations and subjective ratings of pleasantness and arousal in response to the pictures was tested for cued and uncued stimuli. In the morning after cueing, cueing facilitated retention of positive and negative memories equally well in SAD patients and healthy controls. One week later, cueing led to reduced ratings of pleasantness of negative information in SAD but not in healthy controls. Coincidental to these findings was more pronounced EEG theta activity over frontal, temporal and parietal regions in response to negative stimuli in SAD patients. Our findings suggest that the preferential abstraction of negative emotional information during sleep might represent one factor underlying the negative memory bias in SAD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe aim to uncover mechanisms underlying the characteristic negative memory bias in social anxiety disorder (SAD). The formation of long-lasting memories—a process referred to as memory consolidation—depends on the reactivation of newly acquired memories during sleep. We demonstrated that experimentally induced memory reactivation during sleep renders long-term memories of negative experiences more negative in SAD patients but not in healthy controls. We also found in SAD patients that the reactivation of negative experiences coincided with more pronounced oscillatory theta activity. These results provide first evidence that memory reactivation during sleep might contribute to the negative memory bias in SAD.