bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
46 Micronutrient deficiencies in children and youth with autism spectrum disorder: Findings from a national surveillance study
Authors: Kinlin Laura M , Weinstein Michael , Conway Melanie , Critch Jeff , Erdle Stephanie C , Holland Joanna , Jetty Radha , Shouldice Michelle , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Birken Catherine S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Children and youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at risk of micronutrient deficiencies secondary to feeding problems such as limited dietary repertoire and high-frequency single food intake. The epidemiology of micronutrient deficiencies in the paediatric ASD population has not been studied.

Objectives
To determine minimum incidence, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization for four micronutrient deficiencies in children and youth with ASD in Canada: (1) vitamin A deficiency/xerophthalmia, (2) scurvy, (3) severe, symptomatic vitamin D deficiency, and (4) severe iron-deficiency anemia.

Design/Methods
We conducted a study via the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, an active, population-based surveillance platform, between January 2020 and December 2022. More than 2,500 paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists were asked, monthly, to report cases of children and youth &lt;18 years of age with ASD and one or more of the micronutrient deficiencies under surveillance. Case information was obtained via a detailed clinical questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. For average yearly minimum incidence estimates, we used case counts over the 3 year surveillance period, 2021 census data and recent ASD prevalence estimates (2% of children/youth aged 1 to 17 years living in private dwellings in Canada).

Results
Twenty-seven children and youth met the case definition (most male; median age 7.7 years, range 1.8–14.9 years). Multiple deficiencies were diagnosed concurrently in 9/27 (33%). Minimum incidence, per 100,000 children and youth with ASD per year, was 5.1 for scurvy (17 diagnoses); 3.0 for severe iron deficiency anemia (10 diagnoses); 2.1 for severe, symptomatic vitamin D deficiency (7 diagnoses); and &lt;1 for vitamin A deficiency/xerophthalmia (&lt;5 diagnoses). Restricted diet/limited food repertoire, attributed to the patient, was universal (27/27). Number of different foods in the patient’s diet was &lt;10 in nearly all (20/23, 87%). Most patients were non-verbal (19/27, 70%) and of normal weight (18/26, 69%). Two-thirds (18/27, 67%) were admitted to hospital (median duration 8 days, range 3–32 days). One-third (9/27, 33%) underwent an invasive procedure as part of their diagnostic workup.

Conclusion
This surveillance study represents the first population-level examination of the epidemiology of micronutrient deficiencies in children and youth with ASD. Results suggest that micronutrient deficiencies in ASD are rare but clinically important, leading not infrequently to hospital admission and invasive investigations. Clinical characteristics of cases should inform anticipatory guidance and prevention efforts tailored to the paediatric ASD population.
73 Predictors of neurodevelopmental impairment in extreme preterm infants with unremarkable cranial ultrasound: A Canadian population-based cohort
Authors: Afifi Jehier , Richter Lindsay , Lee Seungwoo , Shah Prakesh , Raghuram Kamini , Thomas Karen , Mukerji Amit , Kanungo Jadeep , Lapointe Anie , Morin Alyssa , El-Naggar Walid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Extreme preterm infants are at high-risk of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Previous studies reported significant NDI (sNDI) in preterm infants with no abnormalities on routine cranial ultrasound screening (CUS), traditionally perceived to have favorable outcomes. Recent data from population-based outlining clinical predictors of sNDI in those infants are lacking.

Objectives
(1) to describe the incidence, perinatal and neonatal characteristics of NDI and sNDI in a large population-based cohort of extreme preterm infants with unremarkable CUS; (2) to develop a prediction model of sNDI (any of: CP ≥ GMFCS stage 3, Bayley III &lt; 70 in any domain, deafness requiring aids, or bilateral blindness) in those infants.

Design/Methods
A retrospective review of a national cohort of preterm infants born at &lt;29 weeks’ gestation between April 2009 and December 2018. We included surviving infants with unremarkable routine CUS (no hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia or ventricular dilatation) who had neurodevelopmental assessment at 18-24 month corrected age at one of participating centres in the Canadian Neonatal Follow Up Network. We compared the baseline characteristics between infants with no NDI and those with any NDI and sNDI. The population sample was then randomly split into training and testing datasets in 70:30 ratio for prediction model’s development and validation, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression with GEE accounting for clustering within site was used, adjusted for variables with p-value&lt;0.1 using backward selection procedure. The AUC and the diagnostic properties of the model developed using training dataset was then validated in the testing dataset.

Results
Out of 7463 eligible infants, 4327 (58%) were included. Of those, 2501 (59%) had no NDI and 1736 (41%) had NDI. sNDI accounted for 14% of the cohort and one third of those with NDI. Perinatal and neonatal characteristics of the three groups are shown in Table 1. On internal validation, maternal hypertension, maternal level of education, gestational age, male sex, ROP≥ stage 3 and systemic steroids were predictive of sNDI (Table 2). The prediction model had Sensitivity 0.91, NPV 0.90, and AUC 0.69 (95% CI 0.64-0.73).

Conclusion
In this national cohort, 2 out of 5 extreme preterm infants with unremarkable CUS had NDI and 1 in 7 had sNDI. The developed prediction model had high sensitivity and NPV, but poor discrimination. The findings of this study can help clinicians to identify at-risk infants who may benefit from early targeted interventions.
76 White matter microstructure and motor function at 8 years of age in children born preterm
Authors: Oloomi Sarvenaz , Ufkes Steven , Chau Cecil , Guo Ting , Chau Vann , Synnes Anne , Grunau Ruth E , Miller Steven P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
White matter injury (WMI) in preterm neonates is characterized by focal areas of white matter necrosis (punctate WMI) and more diffuse impairments in white matter (dysmaturation). White matter dysmaturation is reflected as lower fractional anisotropy (FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Reduced white matter FA in neonatal DTI has been associated with adverse motor function at early ages in children born preterm. Yet, how white matter FA at school-age relates to motor function at this later age is largely unknown.

Objectives
To assess the relationship between white matter FA and motor function at 8 years of age in children born very preterm.

Design/Methods
110 children born very preterm (mean birth gestational age [GA] 28.19 weeks, range 24-32 weeks) completed MRI scans in the neonatal period and again at 8 years of age (mean age 8.35 years, SD = 0.38). Neonatal WMI was quantified on the neonatal T1-weighted images with significant WMI defined as WMI volume &gt; 40 mm3. FA at 8 years was assessed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Ed (M-ABC-2) was used to assess fine and gross motor function at 8 years of age. Motor outcomes from the M-ABC total score were grouped as: Significant Movement Difficulty &lt; 56 (below 5th percentile, n = 31), At-risk of Movement Difficulty 57-67 (5th-15th percentile, n = 23), and Unlikely to Have Movement Difficulty &gt; 68 (above 15th percentile, n = 56). FA in the white matter skeleton was compared between motor outcome groups using threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE), adjusting for birth GA and significant WMI, and correcting for multiple comparisons across skeleton voxels using permutation testing with 5000 permutations.

Results
Table 1 outlines descriptive differences in the three motor outcome groups. Children born preterm who are Unlikely to Have Movement Difficulty at 8 years had significantly higher FA (p &lt; .05) compared to those At-risk of or with Significant Movement Difficulty, especially in the corpus collosum (Figure 1), controlling for birth GA and significant neonatal WMI. Those with Significant Movement Difficulty had the lowest FA.

Conclusion
In children born preterm at age 8 years, white matter FA is associated with motor performance, independent of significant neonatal WMI. Our findings indicate that white matter dysmaturation persists and has functional significance through school-age.
Predictable shifts from nutrient to energy limitation determine the responses of planktonic autotrophs, bacteria and mixoplankton to browning
Authors: Cagle Sierra , Diehl Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Within aquatic ecosystems, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and autotrophic plankton are entangled in a complex network of competitive, predatory and mutualistic interactions. “Browning,” the increase of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from terrestrial catchments, can affect this network of interactions by simultaneously decreasing light availability and increasing organic carbon and nutrients supplies. Here, we introduce a conceptual, process-based numerical model to investigate the effects of browning on a microbial food web consisting of heterotrophic bacterioplankton, bacterivorous phago-mixoplankton, autotrophic phytoplankton and the resources light, inorganic phosphorus and DOM. Additionally, we explore how the investment in autotrophic vs. phagotrophic resource acquisition influences mixoplankton performance. Several model predictions are in broad agreement with empirical observations under increasing CDOM supply, including increased bacterial biomass and inorganic phosphorous, decreased light penetration, the potential for a unimodal phytoplankton biomass response and a local minimum in mixoplankton biomass. Our results also suggest that mixoplankton with a high investment in phototrophy perform best in many conditions but that phosphorous acquisition via prey is crucial under high light-low nutrient conditions. Overall, our model analyses suggest that responses to altered CDOM supply are largely determined by systematic changes in the relative importance of nutrient vs. energy limitation of each plankton group.
The Curious Case of Black “Conservatives”: Assessing the Validity of the Liberal-Conservative Scale among Black Americans
Authors: Jefferson Hakeem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many Black Americans identify as conservative on surveys, despite their allegiance to the Democratic Party. Prominent theoretical accounts claim this mismatch results from identity-based considerations. I revisit this long-standing puzzle and offer an alternative explanation with broad implications for studying political attitudes and behavior across the social sciences. Leveraging data from the American National Election Studies, I demonstrate that the terms “liberal” and “conservative” are unfamiliar to many Black Americans, compromising the usefulness and validity of the liberal-conservative scale for Black respondents. Respondents unfamiliar with these terms misapply them and choose ideological labels that fail to align with their partisan preferences. Consequently, scholars and political actors make incorrect and imprecise inferences about the contours of Black politics. Findings also raise new concerns about the generalizability of claims that rely on ideological self-identification measures, including popular claims about mass polarization and partisan-ideological sorting among the American public. Critically, this work suggests a need for caution when using concepts that vary in their meaningfulness across social groups.
Stress granules and organelles: coordinating cellular responses in health and disease
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Yin , Zhang Peipei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Membrane-bound organelles and membraneless organelles (MLOs) coordinate various biological processes within eukaryotic cells. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are significant cytoplasmic MLOs that form in response to cellular stress, exhibiting liquid-like properties alongside stable substructures. SGs interact with diverse organelles, thereby influencing cellular pathways that are critical in both health and disease contexts. This review discusses the interplay between SGs and organelles and explores the methodologies employed to analyze interactions between SGs and other MLOs. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal roles SGs play in regulating cellular responses and the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Gaining insights into these interactions is essential for deciphering the mechanisms underlying both physiological processes and pathological conditions.
The Hedging Channel of Exchange Rate Determination
Authors: Liao Gordon Y , Zhang Tony 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose the currency hedging channel that connects countries’ external imbalances to their exchange rate behavior. We present a model in which investors increase their currency hedging during periods of financial distress in proportion to their net foreign asset exposure. This behavior coupled with constrained financial intermediation explains observed relationships between gradually adjusting external imbalances and volatile spot and forward exchange rates. We find empirical support for the hedging channel in both the conditional and unconditional moments of exchange rates, option prices, and countries’ uses of Federal Reserve swap lines.
Prevalence and clinical value of autoantibodies directed against lysobisphosphatidic acid in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Lambert Mathilde , Robin Maxime , Munier Lucie , Beziane Abdou , Mège Jean-Louis , Bertin Daniel , Bardin Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the prevalence and clinical significance of autoantibodies against lysobisphophatidic acid (aLBPA) in patients with APS.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 91 patients with persistent conventional aPLs: 60 patients with at least one clinical event of APS (symptomatic group) and 31 without (asymptomatic group), as well as 33 aPL-negative controls. Detection of aLBPA in serum samples was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specifically designed for this study.

Results
The prevalence of aLBPA is significantly higher in patients with persistent aPL than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.0001). Among patients with persistent aPL, our findings reveal a significantly higher prevalence of aLBPA in asymptomatic patients compared with their symptomatic counterparts (P = 0.027). Notably, patients positive for IgG aPL alone demonstrated a greater likelihood of presenting clinical events suggestive of APS.

Conclusion
The combined assay of aLBPA and conventional aPL could be used to stratify patients with persistent aPL. This combined approach could serve as a valuable tool in the management of this complex autoimmune disease, particularly in guiding decisions regarding the initiation of primary thromboprophylaxis in asymptomatic patients with persistent aPL.
Co-created improvement goals and strategies for implementing SBIRT and MAUD in primary care settings in a facilitator-supported, tailored implementation study
Authors: Kenzie Erin S , Weekley Tiff , Barnes Chrystal , Seater Mellodie , Sánchez Victoria , Hatch Brigit A , Coury Jennifer , Davis Melinda M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Evidence-based approaches to screening and treatment for unhealthy alcohol use have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality but are currently underutilized in primary care settings. To support implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and medication-assisted treatment for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) by identifying goals co-developed by clinics and practice facilitators in a flexible implementation study. In a pragmatic implementation study, we used practice facilitation to support the implementation of SBIRT and MAUD in 48 clinical practices across Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Our study used a tailored approach, in which facilitators and clinics co-identified implementation goals based on clinic needs. We used clinic contact logs, individual interviews, group periodic reflections with practice facilitators, and exit interviews with clinic staff to inform qualitative analysis. With support from practice facilitators, clinics identified goals spanning SBIRT, MAUD, reporting, targeted patient outreach, and quality improvement capacity. Goals addressed both the technical (e.g. data tracking) and social (e.g. staff training) aspects of SBIRT and MAUD. A decision tree summarizes emergent findings into a tool to support future implementation of SBIRT in primary care settings. A facilitator-supported, tailored approach to SBIRT implementation enabled clinics to identify a variety of goals to improve SBIRT and MAUD implementation. These identified priorities, along with a decision tree describing the hierarchical structure of these goals, could support future implementation efforts.
The impact of mild episodic ketosis on microglia and hippocampal long‐term depression in 5xFAD mice
Authors: Di Lucente Jacopo , Ramsey Jon J. , Jin Lee‐Way , Maezawa Izumi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKetotherapeutics is a potential metabolic intervention for mitigating dementias; however, its mechanisms and optimal methods of application are not well understood. Our previous in vitro study showed that β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a major ketone body, reverses pathological features of amyloid‐β oligomer (AβO)‐activated microglia. Here we tested the in vivo effects of BHB on microglia and synaptic plasticity in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. A short 1‐week regimen of daily intraperitoneal injection of BHB (250 mg/kg), which induced brief and mild daily episodic ketosis, was sufficient to mitigate pro‐inflammatory microglia activation and reduce brain amyloid‐β deposition by enhancing phagocytosis. Remarkably, it mitigated the deficits of hippocampal long‐term depression but not long‐term potentiation, and this effect was linked to suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome‐generated IL‐1β. As ketogenic diets are known for poor compliance, our study opens the possibility for alternative approaches such as short‐term BHB injections or dietary ketone esters that are less restrictive, potentially safer, and easier for compliance.
Impact of Anastomotic Leakage After Colorectal Cancer Surgery on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gielen Anke H.C. , Heuvelings Danique J.I. , Sylla Patricia , van Loon Yu-Ting , Melenhorst Jarno , Bouvy Nicole D. , Kimman Merel L. , Breukink Stephanie O. ,   On behalf of the CoReAL Collaborative
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Colorectal anastomotic leakage remains one of the most frequent and dreaded postoperative complications after colorectal resection. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of this complication on the quality of life of patients who have undergone colorectal cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this systematic review was to identify, appraise, and synthesize the available evidence regarding the quality of life in patients with anastomotic leakage after oncological colorectal resections to inform clinical decision-making.

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION:
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting quality of life using validated questionnaires in patients with anastomotic leakage after oncological colorectal resections. The literature search was performed systematically and according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

OUTCOMES:
Outcomes from quality-of-life questionnaires of patients with and without anastomotic leakage were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Thirteen articles reporting on 4618 individual patients were included, among which 527 patients developed anastomotic leakage. Quality of life was evaluated using 10 distinct questionnaires administered at various postoperative time points, ranging from 1 month to 14 years. Quality-of-life outcomes differed across studies and time points, but overall scores were most negatively affected by anastomotic leakage up to 12 months postoperatively.

LIMITATIONS:
There was a high heterogeneity between the included studies based on the questionnaires used and the time of assessment.

CONCLUSIONS:
The published evidence suggests that anastomotic leakage after oncologic colorectal resection is associated with impaired quality of life, especially within the first postoperative year. The impact of anastomotic leakage on quality of life warrants further evaluation and discussion with patients.
Immunohistochemistry-Assisted Mohs Surgery for Invasive Eyelid and Periorbital Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Asamoah Eucabeth M. , Demer Addison M. , Trischman Thomas E. , Bangalore Kumar Anagha , Vidal Nahid Y. , Wagner Lilly H. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Prior studies describe wide local excision and “slow Mohs” outcomes for periocular melanoma. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with immunohistochemistry maximizes tissue preservation and offers same-day comprehensive margin evaluation, which facilitates expedited repair, and coordination of oculoplastic reconstruction when necessary.

OBJECTIVE
To describe oncologic and reconstructive outcomes of invasive periocular cutaneous melanoma treated with immunohistochemistry-assisted MMS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Invasive melanoma cases affecting the eyelids or periorbital region treated with MMS between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed. Eyelid tumors and those in adjacent subunits were compared. Main outcome measures were recurrence, melanoma-specific death, and postreconstructive complications.

RESULTS
Of 42 cases, 28 were classified as periorbital and 14 as eyelid involving. Most were T1 (37, 88.1%). There was 1 local recurrence in a patient with persistent positive conjunctival margin (2.4%). No local recurrences were observed in cases where negative Mohs margins were achieved, and no melanoma-related deaths occurred. Eyelid tumors were more likely to result in lid margin involving defects and require oculoplastic reconstruction. Eyelid complications developed in 10 cases (23.8%), and 5 (11.9%) required revision surgery.

CONCLUSION
Mohs micrographic surgery for periocular melanoma results in low rates of local recurrence and melanoma-specific death. Initial tumor location can aid in reconstructive planning.