bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel hyperaccumulation in Antidesma montis‐silam: from herbarium discovery to collection in the native habitat
Authors: Nkrumah Philip Nti , Echevarria Guillaume , Erskine Peter Damian , van der Ent Antony 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe majority of nickel hyperaccumulator plant species have been discovered by screening using a field spot test based on dimethylglyoxime. Recently, the use of a portable X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy instruments has enabled non‐destructive analyses of existing herbarium collections. Given that the family Phyllanthaceae globally has the greatest numbers of hyperaccumulators, all available specimens from this family, including the speciose genus Antidesma, at the Forest Research Centre Herbarium in Sabah, Malaysia, were analysed. The results reveal 9 new manganese hyperaccumulators in the genus Antidesma, including Antidesma puncticulatum, with manganese concentrations reaching up to 46,400 µg g−1. Prior to this study, only one manganese hyperaccumulator had been recorded in Sabah. The present study is the first to discover nickel hyperaccumulator plant species (four species) in the genus Antidesma, including Antidesma montis‐silam with concentrations reaching up to 32,700 µg g−1. Further collection and analyses of plant material of Antidesma montis‐silam in the native habitat confirmed the high foliar nickel concentrations. The high nickel hyperaccumulating characteristic and ostensibly fast growth rate of Antidesma montis‐silam infer potential for use in agromining technology. Some species in the genus Antidesma exhibit co‐accumulation of manganese and nickel. This case‐study shows how herbarium XRF screening can lead to discovery of taxa with unique properties.
Skinny blues: Karen Carpenter, anorexia nervosa and popular music
Authors: McKay George 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article discusses an extraordinary body in popular music, that belonging to the person with anorexia which is also usually a gendered body – female – and that of the singer or frontperson. I explore the relation between the anorexic body and popular music, which is more than simply looking at constructions of anorexia in pop. It involves contextually thinking about the (medical) history and the critical reception and representation, the place of anorexia across the creative industries more widely, and a particular moment when pop played a role in the public awareness of anorexia. Following such context the article looks in more detail at a small number of popular music artists who had experience of anorexia, their stage and media presentations (of it), and how they did or apparently did not explore their experience of it in their own work and public appearances. This close discussion is framed within thinking about the popular music industry's capacity for carelessness, its schedule of pressure and practice of destruction on its own stars, particularly in this instance its female artists. This is an article about a condition and an industry. At its heart is the American singer and drummer Karen Carpenter (1950–1983), a major international pop star in the 1970s, in the Carpenters duo with her brother Richard; the other figures discussed are Scottish child pop star Lena Zavaroni (1963–1999), and the Welsh rock lyricist, stylist and erstwhile guitarist of the Manic Street Preachers, Richey Edwards (1967–1995 missing/2008 officially presumed dead).
The Comparative Culpability of SAI and Ordinary Carbon Emissions
Authors: Lawford-Smith Holly 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn his article “Carbon Emissions, Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, and Unintended Harms,” Christopher J. Preston compares the culpability of carbon emitters versus that of geoengineers deploying stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). This comparison relies on a parallel between carbon emitters and SAI deployers that requires both to be agents. However, both are not. While the harms of geoengineering will be caused by culpable agents acting intentionally, the harms connected to climate change emerge out of the uncoordinated actions of billions of people. Taken as a large group, carbon emitters cause harm but do not constitute an agent. Taken individually, carbon emitters are agents but do not cause the harms of climate change. As a result, the parallel collapses, and Preston's “surprising” conclusion is one that he is not entitled to reach.
CYCLES OF DEATH AND REBIRTH IN MESOAMERICAN CULTURAL ASTRONOMY AND THE CALENDAR
Authors: Dowd Anne S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract“Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar” is a Special Section including articles that explore portions of Mesoamerica where astronomy and calendars were studied by Indigenous peoples. Scholars who are well known for innovative work in astronomy, such as Aveni, as well as Pineda de Carías, Rivera, and Argueta, consider topics that fall under the rubric of cultural astronomy. Epigraphers or experts in hieroglyphic writing, like Justeson and Vail, deal in explicit ways with issues related to calendar development. An art historian, Milbrath, weighs in on the meaning of astronomical and calendar themes using important documents incorporating both images and texts. An archaeologist, Dowd, and an architect, Carrasco, discuss architectural complexes with orientations significant in horizon-based astronomy. This rich cross-disciplinary collection of articles debuts new discoveries that interweave astronomy, time measurement, and ritual behavior commemorating cycles of death and rebirth among Maya peoples who lived betweena.d.225–1519 in what is now Honduras, Belize, Mexico, and Guatemala.
The symmetries and asymmetries of human–thing relations. A dialogue
Authors: Hodder Ian , Lucas Gavin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a dialogue about the question of symmetry and asymmetry in human–thing relations, and the links between such asymmetries and those encountered in power relations amongst humans. The conversation discusses various issues, such as whether symmetry is possible in any kind of relation, how one defines asymmetry, whether there are different kinds of asymmetry, and how inequality between humans is related to the asymmetries in human–thing entanglements. The last issue is considered especially important in light of the various critiques that have been levelled at actor networks and other relational materialisms for their weakened political stance insofar as sources of inequality and injustice are so widely distributed that they become, in effect, apolitical.
Divergent effects of acute and repeated quetiapine treatment on dopamine neuron activity in normal vs. chronic mild stress induced hypodopaminergic states
Authors: Moreines Jared L. , Owrutsky Zoe L. , Gagnon Kimberly G. , Grace Anthony A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClinical evidence supports the use of second-generation dopamine D2 receptor antagonists (D2RAs) as adjunctive therapy or in some cases monotherapy in patients with depression. However, the mechanism for the clinical antidepressant effect of D2RAs remains unclear. Specifically, given accumulating evidence for decreased ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine system function in depression, an antidepressant effect of a medication that is expected to further reduce dopamine system activity seems paradoxical. In the present paper we used electrophysiological single unit recordings of identified VTA dopamine neurons to characterize the impact of acute and repeated administration of the D2RA quetiapine at antidepressant doses in non-stressed rats and those exposed to the chronic mild stress (CMS) rodent depression model, the latter modeling the hypodopaminergic state observed in patients with depression. We found that acute quetiapine increased dopamine neuron population activity in non-stressed rats, but not in CMS-exposed rats. Conversely, repeated quetiapine increased VTA dopamine neuron population activity to normal levels in CMS-exposed rats, but had no persisting effects in non-stressed rats. These data suggest that D2RAs may exert their antidepressant actions via differential effects on the dopamine system in a normal vs. hypoactive state. This explanation is supported by prior studies showing that D2RAs differentially impact the dopamine system in animal models of schizophrenia and normal rats; the present results extend this phenomenon to an animal model of depression. These data highlight the importance of studying medications in the context of animal models of psychiatric disorders as well as normal conditions.
RNAs coordinate nuclear envelope assembly and DNA replication through ELYS recruitment to chromatin
Authors: Aze Antoine , Fragkos Michalis , Bocquet Stéphane , Cau Julien , Méchali Marcel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUpon fertilisation, the sperm pronucleus acquires the competence to replicate the genome through a cascade of events that link chromatin remodelling to nuclear envelope formation. The factors involved have been partially identified and are poorly characterised. Here, using Xenopus laevis egg extracts we show that RNAs are required for proper nuclear envelope assembly following sperm DNA decondensation. Although chromatin remodelling and pre-replication complex formation occur normally, RNA-depleted extracts show a defect in pre-RC activation. The nuclear processes affected by RNA-depletion included ELYS recruitment, which accounts for the deficiency in nuclear pore complex assembly. This results in failure in chromatin relaxation as well as in the import and proper nuclear concentration of the S-phase kinases necessary for DNA replication activation. Our results highlight a translation-independent RNA function necessary for the parental genome progression towards the early embryonic cell cycle programme.
High-throughput RNA sequencing reveals distinct gene signatures in active IgG4-related disease
Authors: Higgs Brandon W. , Liu Yanying , Guo Jianping , Sebastian Yinong , Morehouse Chris , Zhu Wei , Ren Limin , Liu Mengru , Du Yan , Yu Guangyan , Dong Lingli , Hua Hong , Wei Pan , Wang Yi , Wang Zhengang , Yao Yihong , Li Zhan-Guo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe aimed to characterize the molecular differences and effects from prednisone treatment among IgG4-related disease with salivary gland lesions (RD-SG), without SG lesions (RD-nonSG), and IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF). RNA sequencing was conducted on blood from 25 RD-SG, 11 RD-nonSG, 3 RF and 10 control subjects. Among these, 8 RD-nonSG and 12 RD-SG patients were subjected to treatment with prednisone and/or glucocorticoid-sparing agents. Six RD patients had a longitudinal time point. The mRNA levels of IgG4 and IgE, genes specific for Th2 cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were over-expressed in RD-SG and RD-nonSG. A B-cell signature was suppressed in patients group versus controls, while Th1, Th2, Treg, and eosinophil gene signatures were increased in patients without treatment. Interestingly, Tfh genes and B cell signature were decreased at flare disease state. Prednisone treatment led to increased neutrophil, but decreased Treg signatures. Serum IgG4 levels correlated with the eosinophil and neutrophil gene signatures in RD-SG patients, and with a B cell signature in only RD-nonSG patients. IgG4, IgE, and cell-specific signatures are regulated in patients, suggesting the imbalance of immune and inflammatory cells in IgG4-related disease. Prednisone treatment selectively modulates Treg, eosinophil, and neutrophil signatures.
Design of 0.35–1.5 GHz 16‐input and 8‐output switch matrix with 5 × 5 chessboard structure
Authors: Zhang Guiheng , Zhang Wei , Fu Jun , Li Zhuang 
Published: December 2017

This Letter presents a 0.35–1.5 GHz 5 × 5 switch matrix chip with a chessboard structure. In the proposed structure, by reassigning the position and switch mode of 25 passive switch grids which almost consume no DC power, the switch matrix can choose and transmit any eight of 16 input signals to the output ports on four directions at the same time. Throughput and the expansion ability of the switch matrix are markedly improved by flexibly choosing a signal path and reusing the switch grids. Besides, wideband gain compensation circuit modules and gain equalisers are used to compensate for insertion loss and gain flatness of the switch matrix. Fabricated by 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology, the measured highest insertion gain of a signal path is 10 dB. Meanwhile, insertion gains of all signal paths are higher than −6 dB, and isolations of all signal paths are better than 40 dB.
Wissenschaftliches Schreiben
Authors: Bagusche S. 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Für viele Schreibprojekte ist die Recherche von grundlegender Bedeutung. Sie kann helfen, den Stand der Forschung zu ermitteln, Hypothesen zu entwickeln oder Daten zu sammeln, mit denen sich eigene Aussagen stützen lassen.
Ziel: Dieser 2. Teil der Ratgeberserie zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben beschreibt eine Reihe von Hilfsmitteln, die bei der Literatursuche von Nutzen sein können.
Methode: Ausgehend von der Unterscheidung zwischen Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärquellen werden verschiedene Werkzeuge und Techniken vorgestellt, mit denen sich diese Quellen auf möglichst systematische und planvolle Weise finden lassen. Behandelt werden nicht nur physiotherapiewissenschaftliche Datenbanken, sondern auch Suchtaktiken und Auswahlkriterien.
Ergebnisse: Je nach Forschungsfrage und Projektstand stehen Autoren zahlreiche Recherchemittel und -wege zur Verfügung. Ihr Einsatz und ihre Wahl hängen vom Einzelfall ab.
Schlussfolgerung: Um den Möglichkeiten und den Ansprüchen der wissenschaftlichen Literatursuche gerecht zu werden, kann es sinnvoll sein, die eigene Informationskompetenz mithilfe von Rechercheratgebern und Schulungen zu stärken.
Surfactant Administration through Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Randomized Controlled Study in Rabbits
Authors: Mariani Gonzalo , Virasoro María , Burgos Sebastián , Labanca María , Otero Pablo , Bernardo Cristian 
Published: December 2017

Background Minimally invasive techniques for surfactant administration for infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of moderate severity have been proposed. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) helps in securing the airway without the need of laryngoscopy, but still requires the use of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) to flush surfactant into the lungs.
Objective This article compares the effectiveness of two techniques for LMA surfactant administration, instillation into the LMA lumen followed by PPV versus direct laryngeal instillation through a preinserted feeding tube inside the LMA during spontaneous respirations.
Study Design This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 18 rabbits with acquired respiratory distress after lung lavage. After surfactant was given, the rabbits remained on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Gas exchange parameters were assessed at baseline and at 30 minutes and lung parenchyma pathology features were analyzed.
Results Time required for surfactant administration, oxygenation improvement, and histopathologic findings did not differ between groups. The new technique decreased the need of PPV (p < 0.05).
Conclusion In this animal model, surfactant administration through a preinserted feeding tube within the LMA lumen is safe and effective while providing the benefits of a minimally invasive approach. This technique reduces the need of PPV and may prevent its potential risks.
Elektromechanisch- und roboterassistiertes Training der oberen Extremität
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Elsner Bernhard , Thomas Simone 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der Folge eines Schlaganfalls leidet die Mehrzahl der Patienten an einer Armparese. Der Bedarf an Neurorehabilitation ist groß.
Elektromechanisch- und roboterassistierte Geräte können hier unterstützend zum Einsatz kommen. Auf welchem Stand sind die Ansätze heute und
was ist für die nahe Zukunft zu erwarten?
Spezifische Roboteransätze für Kinder
Authors: Graser Judith 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung„Können wir jetzt etwas anderes machen?“ Diesen Satz kennt jede Person, die therapeutisch mit Kindern arbeitet. Nach ein paar Wiederholungen
einer Aufgabe oder Übung wird es langweilig. Dabei zeigen gerade repetitive, intensive und aufgabenorientierte Therapiemethoden die größten
Erfolge in der Neurorehabilitation.
Therapie mit elektromechanisch-assistierten Geräten: Tipps und Tricks für die praktische Umsetzung
Authors: Thomas Simone , Mehrholz Jan 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie roboterassistierte Gangtherapie sowie die roboterassistierte Armtherapie haben sich zu einem festen Bestandteil der neurologischen
Rehabilitation etabliert. Sie sind für die Therapeuten entlastende und für Patienten sichere Therapieformen. Darüber hinaus handelt es sich
um effektive Methoden in der Physiotherapie, um das Gehen nach einem Schlaganfall wiederzuerlernen und die Armfunktionen zu verbessern. Das
Erfolgsrezept dafür liegt vermutlich in der hohen Wiederholungszahl und der intensiven und aktiven physischen Beanspruchung des
Patienten.
Patients’ willingness to defer resection of diminutive polyps: results of a multicenter survey
Authors: von Renteln Daniel , Bouin Mickael , Barkun Alan , Weber Audrey , Robertson Douglas , Anderson Joseph , Pohl Heiko 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Current colonoscopy practice requires removal of diminutive polyps. This is associated with costs, but the benefits to colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention remain unclear. The study aim was to understand patients’ willingness to defer resection of diminutive polyps and to examine the factors that influence patients’ decisions.
Patients and methods Adults presenting for a colonoscopy were surveyed at three hospitals in the USA and Canada. Survey domains included: patient characteristics, risk perception, knowledge about CRC risk, willingness to defer polyp resection, and associated concerns. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who would be willing to participate in a clinical trial that deferred resection of diminutive polyps. Secondary endpoints included factors associated with willingness to defer diminutive polyp resection.
Results 557 eligible individuals completed the survey (mean age 63; 61 % men), with 50 % of respondents being willing to participate in a randomized trial in which resection of diminutive polyps would be deferred until the next surveillance colonoscopy (95 % confidence interval [CI] 46 % – 55 %). Outside of a clinical trial, 57 % of participants would be agreeable to deferring resection of diminutive polyps (95 %CI 51 % – 63 %). Willingness to defer diminutive polyp resection was associated with higher education (P = 0.001), greater knowledge about cancer risk (P = 0.002), and a lower perception of cancer risk (all P < 0.001). Age, sex, income, a history of polyps, and a first-degree family member with CRC were not associated with willingness to defer diminutive polyp resection.
Conclusions More than half of individuals undergoing a routine colonoscopy would be agreeable to deferring resection of diminutive polyps and participating in a trial to evaluate this approach.
1.1.2 Reduction of Alkenes Using Nanoparticle Catalysis
Authors: Hudson R. , Moores A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe transformation of alkenes to alkanes via hydrogenation represents a cornerstone of synthetic chemistry. Herein are outlined methods for alkene hydrogenations and transfer hydrogenations catalyzed by supported or unsupported palladium-, nickel-, iridium-, and iron-based nanoparticles.
1.12 Catalytic Hydrodehalogenation Reactions
Authors: Ghosh B. , Maleczka R. E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHydrodehalogenation, or reductive dehalogenation, is an important organic transformation that is often used as a detoxification process in industry. A number of methods have been employed to effect this transformation in organic synthesis. Metal-catalyzed hydrodehalogenation is among the popular methods and is typically performed with molecular hydrogen or via transfer hydrogenation from other reagents. The current review highlights development in metal-catalyzed hydrodehalogenation reactions in the last 15 years, where protocols to afford spectroscopically characterized reaction products have been established.
Impact of transgenic
Bt
cotton on soil health.
Authors: Kulandaivelu Velmourougane Kulandaivelu Velmourougane , Blaise D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Cotton is an important fibre crop of global and economic significance. For effective control of bollworms, transgenic
Bacillus thuringiensis
(
Bt
) cotton was introduced on a commercial scale in 1996, with an aim to reduce pesticide consumption. Presently, transgenic cotton is grown on 24 million hectares, which occupies 14% of global acreage planted to transgenic crops (185.1 million hectares). In recent years, considerable research efforts have been directed towards the study and assessment of the use of transgenic crops. Although transgenic
Bt
cotton is proven for its benefits in controlling insects, concerns still remain about its ecological impact on soil ecosystem function and biodiversity. This review focuses primarily on the persistence of
cry
toxin, if any, and impact on soil ecosystem functioning; because sustainable agriculture depends on soil - the basic natural resource. Based on the research from cotton-growing nations, there was no solid substantiation that points out adverse effects on soil health or fertility in terms of soil biology and ecology following cultivation of transgenic cotton. The
Cry
proteins released through root exudates and plant residues of
Bt
cotton appears to have no consistent and long-term effects on the soil biology. Some differences between
Bt
and non-
Bt
cotton were indicated for soil microbial community structure and their population. However, majority of the studies indicated that these differences were transient in nature and not statistically significant. Therefore, differences observed may not be related to the inserted
Bt
transgenes.
Normalized serum eosinophil peroxidase levels are inversely correlated with esophageal eosinophilia in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Wright B L , Ochkur S I , Olson N S , Shim K P , Jacobsen E A , Rank M A , Dellon E S , Lee J J 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYEosinophil peroxidase is an eosinophil-specific, cytoplasmic protein stored in the secondary granules of eosinophils. While eosinophil peroxidase deposition is increased in the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE), its potential role as a peripheral marker is unknown. This study aims to examine the relationship between serum eosinophil peroxidase and esophageal eosinophilia in eosinophilic esophagitis. Prospectively collected serum from 19 subjects with incident EoE prior to treatment and 20 non-EoE controls were tested for serum eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophilic cationic protein, and eosinophil derived neurotoxin using ELISA. Matching esophageal tissue sections were stained and assessed for eosinophil peroxidase deposition using a histopathologic scoring algorithm. Mean peripheral blood absolute eosinophil counts in eosinophilic esophagitis subjects were significantly elevated compared to controls (363 vs. 195 cells/μL,P = 0.008). Absolute median serum eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil derived neurotoxin did not differ between groups; however, when normalized for absolute eosinophil counts, eosinophilic esophagitis subjects had significantly lower median eosinophil peroxidase levels (2.56 vs. 6.96 ng/mL per eos/μL,P = 0.002, AUC 0.79 (0.64, 0.94 95% CI)). Multivariate analysis demonstrated this relationship persisted after controlling for atopy. Esophageal biopsies from eosinophilic esophagitis subjects demonstrated marked eosinophil peroxidase deposition (median score 46 vs. 0,P &lt; 0.0001). Normalized eosinophil peroxidase levels inversely correlated with esophageal eosinophil density (r = −0.41,P = 0.009). In contrast to marked tissue eosinophil degranulation, circulating eosinophils appear to retain their granule proteins in EoE. Investigations of normalized serum eosinophil peroxidase levels as a biomarker of EoE are ongoing.