bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catch 22? Disclosing assisted conception treatment at work
Authors: van den Akker Olga B.A. , Payne Nicola , Lewis Suzan 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore factors influencing decision making about disclosure of assisted reproductive technology (ART) use in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study design was used. In total, 31 women and 6 men who were using or had recently used ART were recruited from British fertility networks and interviewed. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Findings
Two main strands were identified each encompassing two themes: “Concerns about disclosure” covered the very personal nature of disclosing ART treatment and also career concerns and “Motives for disclosure” covered feeling which was necessary to disclose and also the influence of workplace relationships.

Research limitations/implications
The relatively small, self-selected sample of participants was recruited from fertility support networks, and lacked some diversity.

Practical implications
Clarity about entitlements to workplace support and formal protection against discrimination, along with management training and awareness raising about ART treatment is needed to help normalise requests for support and to make decisions about disclosure within the workplace easier.

Originality/value
The study has highlighted an understudied area of research in ART populations. The data provide insight into the challenging experiences of individuals combining ART with employment and, in particular, the complexity of decisions about whether or not to disclose.
Leaders’ narcissism and organizational cynicism in healthcare organizations
Authors: Erkutlu Hakan , Chafra Jamel 
Published: August 2017

PurposeDrawing on the social exchange theory and the stressor-strain framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leaders’ narcissism and employee’s organizational cynicism. Specifically, the authors take a relational approach by introducing employee’s psychological strain as the mediator. The moderating role of psychological capital in the relationship between leaders’ narcissism and employee’s cynicism is also considered.Design/methodology/approachThe data of this study encompass 1,215 certified nurses from 15 university hospitals in Turkey. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed model.FindingsThe statistical results of this study supported the positive effect of leaders’ narcissism on employee’s cynicism as well as the mediating effect of employee’s psychological strain. Moreover, when the level of psychological capital is high, the relationship between leaders’ narcissism and organizational cynicism is weak, whereas the effect is strong when the level of psychological capital is low.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that managers in the healthcare industry should be sensitive in treating their subordinates, as it will lead to positive interpersonal relationship, which, in turn, will reduce employee cynicism. Moreover, managers should pay more attention to the buffering role of psychological capital for those employees with high psychological strain and showing organizational cynicism.Originality/valueAs the healthcare sector continues to go through a transformational change, it is important to identify organizational factors that affect employee attitudes. There is limited empirical evidence about the determinants of cynicism, particularly in the healthcare sector environment. This study contributes to the literature on organizational cynicism by revealing the relational mechanism between leaders’ narcissism and employee cynicism. The paper also offers a practical assistance to employees in the healthcare management and their leaders interested in building trust, increasing leader-employee relationship and reducing organizational cynicism.
Sensing Mg2+ contributes to the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to complement‐mediated opsonophagocytosis
Authors: Qadi Mohammad , Izquierdo‐Rabassa Sofía , Mateu Borrás Margalida , Doménech‐Sánchez Antonio , Juan Carlos , Goldberg Joanna B. , Hancock Robert E. W. , Albertí Sebastián 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation to survive in the host hinges on its ability to probe the environment and respond appropriately. Rapid adaptation is often mediated by two‐component regulatory systems, such as the PhoP/PhoQ system that responds to Mg2+ ion concentration. However, there is limited information about the role of PhoQ in P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections. We used a murine model of systemic infection to test the virulence of a PhoQ‐deficient mutant. Mutation of PhoQ impaired the virulence and the ability to cause bacteremia of P. aeruginosa. In the presence of blood concentrations of Mg2+, a PhoQ mutant bound more C3 and was more susceptible to complement‐mediated opsonophagocytosis than the parent strain, suggesting a direct effect of the Mg2+ on the modulation of expression of a bacterial component controlled by the PhoP/PhoQ system. Ligand blot analysis, C3 binding experiments and opsonophagocytosis assays identified this component as the outer membrane protein OprH, expression of which impaired the virulence of P. aeruginosa in a murine model of systemic infection. We demonstrate that expression of PhoQ is essential to detect Mg2+ and reduce the expression of OprH, a previously unrecognized C3 binding molecule that promotes the opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa.
High potential for temperate viruses to drive carbon cycling in chemoautotrophy‐dominated shallow‐water hydrothermal vents
Authors: Rastelli Eugenio , Corinaldesi Cinzia , Dell'Anno Antonio , Tangherlini Michael , Martorelli Eleonora , Ingrassia Michela , Chiocci Francesco L. , Lo Martire Marco , Danovaro Roberto 
Published: August 2017

SummaryViruses are the most abundant life forms in the world's oceans and they are key drivers of biogeochemical cycles, but their impact on the microbial assemblages inhabiting hydrothermal vent ecosystems is still largely unknown. Here, we analysed the viral life strategies and virus‐host interactions in the sediments of a newly discovered shallow‐water hydrothermal field of the Mediterranean Sea. Our study reveals that temperate viruses, once experimentally induced to replicate, can cause large mortality of vent microbes, significantly reducing the chemoautotrophic carbon production, while enhancing the metabolism of microbial heterotrophs and the re‐cycling of the organic matter. These results provide new insights on the factors controlling primary and secondary production processes in hydrothermal vents, suggesting that the inducible provirus‐host interactions occurring in these systems can profoundly influence the functioning of the microbial food web and the efficiency in the energy transfer to the higher trophic levels.
Levocarnitine Decreases Intradialytic Hypotension Episodes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ibarra‐Sifuentes Héctor Raúl , Del Cueto‐Aguilera Ángel , Gallegos‐Arguijo Daniel Alberto , Castillo‐Torres Sergio Andres , Vera‐Pineda Raymundo , Martínez‐Granados Rolando Jacob , Atilano‐Díaz Alexandro , Cuellar‐Monterrubio Jesus Eduardo , Pezina‐Cantú Cesar Octaviano , Martínez‐Guevara Edgar de Jesús , Ortiz‐Treviño Juan Francisco , Delgado‐García Guillermo Rubén , Martínez‐Jiménez José Guadalupe , Cruz‐Valdez Jesús , Sánchez‐Martínez Concepción 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension is common complication in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. Incidence ranges from 15 to 30%. These patients have levocarnitine deficiency. A randomized, placebo‐controlled quadruple‐blinded trial was designed to demonstrate the levocarnitine efficiency on intradialytic hypotension prevention. Patients were randomized into four groups, to receive levocarnitine or placebo. During the intervention period, levocarnitine and placebo was administered 0 and 30 min before each hemodialysis session, respectively. During the trial, 33 patients received 1188 hemodialysis sessions. We identified 239 (21.3%) intradialytic hypotension episodes. The intradialytic hypotension episodes were less frequent in the levocarnitine group (9.3%, 60 IH events) (P < 0.001). Hemodialysis is frequently perplexed by intradialytic hypotension episodes. Levocarnitine supplementation before each hemodialysis session efficiently diminishes the intradialytic hypotension episodes. This is a new application method that must be considered and explored.
Factors moderating the relative effectiveness of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in clients using smoking cessation services
Authors: Walker Neil , Gainforth Heather , Kiparoglou Vasiliki , Robinson Hayley , van Woerden Hugo , West Robert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsTo assess how far the greater effectiveness of varenicline over nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is moderated by characteristics of the smokers or setting in clinical practice.DesignWe used observational data from 22 472 treatment episodes between 2013 and 2016 from smoking cessation services in England to assess whether differences between varenicline and NRT were moderated by a set of smoker and setting characteristics: these included level of social deprivation, age, gender, ethnic group, nicotine dependence and treatment context. From the above, 15 640 episodes were analysed in relation to 4‐week quit and 14 273 episodes at 12 weeks. All two‐way interactions involving pharmacotherapy were fitted in addition to the main effects and a parsimonious model identified using a backwards stepwise selection procedure.SettingEnglandParticipantsClients of smoking cessation service (number of individuals in 4‐week quit analysis = 15 640).MeasurementsFour‐week carbon monoxide‐validated (primary outcome) and 12‐week self‐reported (secondary outcome) quit success/failure.FindingsAt both follow‐up points, varenicline was associated with higher success rates overall [P < 0.001 at both 4 and 12 weeks; adjusted odds ratio (OR) varenicline versus NRT = 1.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.61, 2.06) and 2.58 (95% CI = 2.26, 2.94) at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively]. At 12 weeks, the relative benefits of varenicline were found to be influenced by the setting in which advice was provided [P < 0.001 for interaction pharmacotherapy × setting; adjusted odds ratio for varenicline × pharmacy setting = 0.53 (95% CI = 0.42, 0.69) and for varenicline × general practice (GP) setting = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.64, 0.98) against a baseline of 1 for varenicline × community setting]. The same trends were evident at 4 weeks, but this did not translate to statistical significance. There was inconclusive evidence for moderating effects of other variables.ConclusionsVarenicline use was associated with higher smoking cessation rates than nicotine replacement therapy in routine clinical practice, irrespective of a wide range of smoker characteristics, but the difference was less in certain intervention settings, most notably pharmacy but also GP practice, compared with community setting.
Complicated untreated apical periodontitis causing paraesthesia: A case report
Authors: Ricucci Domenico , Loghin Simona , Siqueira José F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to report a case of untreated apical periodontitis resulting in severe late complications. A patient with an asymptomatic crowned root canal‐treated mandibular molar revealing a radiographic substandard endodontic treatment and a slight periapical radiolucency was made aware of the treatment options and opted for no treatment. The lesion slightly increased in size after 6 years, but the tooth remained asymptomatic and endodontic retreatment was again refused. After 4 more years, the patient presented with an abscess and severe pain, complicated by paraesthesia of the left chin and lip. Radiographic examination revealed that the lesion had increased considerably to involve the mandibular canal. The treatment protocol included long‐term intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide and follow‐ups revealed complete resolution of the periapical radiolucency and the paraesthesia had completely subsided.
Acculturation and Health: The Moderating Role of Sociocultural Context
Authors: Fox Molly , Thayer Zaneta M. , Wadhwa Pathik D. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAcculturation represents an important construct for elucidating the determinants and consequences of health disparities in minority populations. However, the processes and mechanisms underlying acculturation's effects on health are largely undetermined and warrant further study. We integrate concepts from anthropology and statistics to describe the role of sociocultural context as a putative modifier of the relationship between acculturation and health. Sociocultural context may influence the extent to which exposure to host culture leads to internalization of host cultural orientation and may influence the extent to which acculturation leads to stress and adoption of unhealthy behaviors. We focus on specific aspects of sociocultural context: (1) neighborhood ethno‐cultural composition; (2) discrimination; (3) discrepancy between origin and host environments; (4) discrepancy between heritage and host cultures; (5) origin group, host group, and individual attitudes toward assimilation; (6) variation in targets of assimilation within host community; (7) public policy and resources; and (8) migration selection bias. We review and synthesize evidence for these moderation effects among first‐ and later‐generation immigrants, refugees, and indigenous populations. Furthermore, we propose best‐practices data‐collection and statistical‐analysis methods for this purpose, in order to improve our understanding of the complex, multilevel aspects of the relationship between acculturation and health. [acculturation, minority health, health disparities, sociocultural context, effect moderation, statistical interaction]
Confronting the present: Migration in Sidney Mintz's journal forThe People of Puerto Rico
Authors: GARCÍA‐COLÓN ISMAEL 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTSidney Mintz's field journal forThe People of Puerto Rico, published in 1956, is a valuable source for historical anthropological work. Until now, however, it has remained a hidden treasure for the anthropology of migration. By the late 1940s and 1950s, migration was central to the lives of Puerto Rican sugarcane workers and their families, and Mintz recorded important details of it. His journal shows how people maneuvered within fields of power that were full of opportunities and constraints for people seeking to make a living by migrating. Thanks to Mintz, anthropologists can learn about working‐class Puerto Ricans’ experiences, lives, and discussions about migration in the late 1940s. Mintz's legacy in its many forms will continue offering anthropologists an opportunity to confront the present. [Sidney Mintz,migration,farmworkers,field notes,political economy,historical anthropology,Puerto Rico]El diario de campo de Sidney Mintz paraThe People of Puerto Rico, publicado en 1956, es una fuente valiosa para el trabajo antropológico histórico. Sin embargo, ha permanecido como un tesoro escondido para la antropología de la migración hasta el presente. En los finales de los años cuarenta y durante los años cincuenta, la migración fue central en la vida de los trabajadores puertorriqueños de la caña de azúcar y sus familias, y Mintz anotó detalles importantes de la misma. Su diario muestra cómo la gente maniobró dentro de campos de poder que estaban llenos de oportunidades y obstáculos para los que buscaban ganarse la vida migrando. Gracias a Mintz, los antropólogos pueden aprender acerca de las experiencias, vidas y debates que tuvieron los trabajadores puertorriqueños entorno a la migración de finales de los años cuarenta. El legado de Mintz en sus múltiples formas continuará ofreciendo a los antropólogos la oportunidad de confrontar el presente. [Sidney Mintz,migración,trabajadores agrícolas,notas de campo,economía política,antropología histórica,Puerto Rico]
Professional apartheid: The racialization of US law schools after the global economic crisis
Authors: TEJANI RIAZ 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAfter the 2008 global financial crisis, US law schools suffered a steep drop in enrollment. In response, many professional law programs, especially so‐called fourth‐tier institutions, turned to ethnoracial minorities as a new market for student recruitment. They relaxed admissions standards, enabling more “diverse” students to finance their studies with guaranteed federal student loans. By raising diversity in a lower‐status “southern hemisphere” of legal education and services, however, this new approach replaced outright exclusion with a racialized professional dualism justified by the neoliberal ideology of market access. Some have called this an “apartheid model”—a freighted term with broad theoretical and ethical entanglements. This pairing of race and free‐market logics resembles wider, specious extensions of market citizenship into the global peripheries. [law, education, professions, neoliberalism, race, markets, United States]
Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in children undergoing elective ear, nose and throat surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Desgranges F.‐P. , Gagey Riegel A.‐C. , Aubergy C. , de Queiroz Siqueira M. , Chassard D. , Bouvet L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUltrasound examination of the gastric antrum allows reliable assessment of gastric contents and volume. Postoperative assessment of gastric contents before recovery from anaesthesia could help the physician to choose the most appropriate extubation technique after surgery in children. In this prospective observational study, we assessed whether significant changes occurred in gastric contents during the intra‐operative period in children undergoing elective ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery. Children aged between six months and 16 years were recruited consecutively. Ultrasound examination of the antrum was performed before induction of anaesthesia and at the end of surgery before tracheal extubation, and included quantitative and qualitative assessment of gastric contents. The mean (SD) gastric volume was 0.28 (0.30) ml.kg−1 before surgery and 0.27 (0.30) ml.kg−1 after surgery, p = 0.82. No solid contents were identified in the antrum, and the gastric volume was < 1.5 ml.kg−1 in all patients during both ultrasound examinations. Our results suggest that, after elective ENT surgery, children are not at risk of a full stomach before tracheal extubation, and that pulmonary aspiration of blood that may occur after elective ENT surgery is probably not related to regurgitation of ingested blood from the stomach.
Letter: the definition of budesonide dependence in microscopic colitis
Authors: Fernández‐Bañares F. , Gisbert J. P. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Cotter et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14133 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14239.
Letter: complex interplay between obesity and Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Kapur A. , Nagaraja V. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mulki et al and Mulki and Katz papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13832 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14252.
Letter: the definition of budesonide dependence in microscopic colitis—authors’ reply
Authors: Cotter T. G. , Kamboj A. K. , Hicks S. B. , Tremaine W. J. , Loftus Jr E. V. , Pardi D. S. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Cotter et al and Fernández‐Bañares and Gisbert papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14133 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14220.
Impact of beta‐blockers on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with advanced liver disease
Authors: Wallen M. P. , Hall A. , Dias K. A. , Ramos J. S. , Keating S. E. , Woodward A. J. , Skinner T. L. , Macdonald G. A. , Arena R. , Coombes J. S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundPatients with advanced liver disease may develop portal hypertension that can result in variceal haemorrhage. Beta‐blockers reduce portal pressure and minimise haemorrhage risk. These medications may attenuate measures of cardiopulmonary performance, such as the ventilatory threshold and peak oxygen uptake measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing.AimTo determine the effect of beta‐blockers on cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables in patients with advanced liver disease.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of 72 participants who completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test before liver transplantation. All participants remained on their usual beta‐blocker dose and timing prior to the test. Variables measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing included the ventilatory threshold, peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, oxygen pulse, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and the ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide slope.ResultsParticipants taking beta‐blockers (n = 28) had a lower ventilatory threshold (P <.01) and peak oxygen uptake (P = .02), compared to participants not taking beta‐blockers. After adjusting for age, the model of end‐stage liver‐disease score, liver‐disease aetiology, presence of refractory ascites and ventilatory threshold remained significantly lower in the beta‐blocker group (P = .04). The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was not impacted by beta‐blocker use.ConclusionsVentilatory threshold is reduced in patients with advanced liver disease taking beta‐blockers compared to those not taking the medication. This may incorrectly risk stratify patients on beta‐blockers and has implications for patient management before and after liver transplantation. The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was not influenced by beta‐blockers and may therefore be a better measure of cardiopulmonary performance in this patient population.
Proteomic analysis to unravel the effect of heat stress on gene expression and milk synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Li Lian , Wang Yiru , Li Chengmin , Wang Genlin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHeat stress can play a negative effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cattle, leading to immeasurable economic loss. The basic components of the mammary gland are the alveoli; these alveolar mammary epithelial cells reflect the milk producing ability of dairy cows. In this study, we exposed bovine mammary epithelial cells to heat stress and compared them to a control group using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation combined with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with a control group, 104 differentially elevated proteins (>1.3‐fold) and 167 decreased proteins (<0.77‐fold) were identified in the heat treatment group. Gene Ontology analysis identified a majority of the differentially expressed proteins are associated in cell‐substrate junction assembly, catabolic processes and metabolic processes. Some of these significantly regulated proteins were related to the synthesis and secretion of milk, such as milk protein and fat. This finding was further supported by the results obtained from the reduced β‐casein expression through the system of plasminogen activator – plasminogen – plasmin and decreased fatty acid synthase could partly explain why milk fat synthesis ability of dairy cows decreased under heat stress. Our results highlight the effects of heat stress on synthesis of milk protein and fat, thus providing additional clues for further studies of heat stress on dairy milk production.