bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From HCV To HBV Cure
Authors: Schinazi Raymond F. , Asselah Tarik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractApproximately 170 million people are chronically infected with HCV and 350 million are chronically infected with HBV worldwide. It is estimated that more than one million patients die from complications related to chronic viral hepatitis, mainly HCC which is one of the most frequent cancers in many countries, especially Africa, the Middle East and Asia. HCV drug development has been impressive, and this revolution led to several direct‐acting antiviral agents achieving an HCV cure after only 6‐12 weeks. This progress could theorically lead to HCV global elimination making HCV and its consequences a rarity. HBV research and development programs can learn from the HCV experience, to achieve an HBV functional or sterilizing cure. This review will summarize key steps which have been realized for an HCV cure, and discuss the next steps to achieve for an HCV elimination. And also, how this HCV revolution has inspired scientists and clinicians to achieve the same for HBV.
Present in Love: Rethinking Barth on the Divine Perfections
Authors: McFarland Ian A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhile Karl Barth's identification of love and freedom (in that order) as the fundamental divine perfections was intended to eliminate any gap between God as revealed and God's eternal being, Barth's equation of divine freedom with decision fatally compromises this aim by reintroducing the spectre of a ‘hidden God’ behind the God revealed in Jesus. Moreover, it exacerbates a worryingly anthropomorphic model of divine action, already pronounced in older orthodox theologies, that is ill‐suited to upholding the causal integrity of the created order. Substituting presence for freedom as the foundational perfection paired with (and used to interpret) divine love maintains the benefits of Barth's relative prioritization of love while avoiding the problems that accompany the interpretation of divine freedom as decision. Specifically, it provides a model of divine action in which permission rather than decision emerges as the fundamental mode of willing whereby by God brings the world into being and sustains it in existence.
Reporting Characteristics and Quality of Systematic Reviews of Acupuncture Analgesia
Authors: Li Xiuxia , Wang Rong , Shi Xiue , Su Jinlong , Pan Yuanqing , Tian Jinhui , Yang Kehu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating the clinical efficacy of acupuncture analgesia with systematic reviews (SRs) has attracted wide interest.ObjectiveTo collect a sample of published SRs on acupuncture analgesia in PubMed and examine them in terms of reporting characteristics and quality.MethodsA search in PubMed was performed in January 2016. All SRs on acupuncture analgesia were included. To assess the quality of the SRs, AMSTAR tool and PRISMA Statements were used.ResultsOne hundred and nine SRs were included in our analysis, the yearly number of publications ranging from 1 in 1997 to 15 in 2015. Only 17% of these publications were Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and 94% were published in Science Citation Index journals. The United Kingdom was the country with the higher number of publications. Low back pain, headache, cancer pain, and labor pain were the most reported diseases or phenotypes. Nearly 73% of these SRs conducted a meta‐analysis, 58% revealed positive results, 53% used RevMan software to analyze data, and 44% used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for quality assessment. Only a few SRs assessed the likelihood of publication bias, reported details about the protocol and the registration information, and performed additional analyses.ConclusionsThe quantity and the quality of SRs regarding acupuncture analgesia have been promoted in recent years. More effort should be expended on the assessment of publication bias, the provision of detailed information about the protocol and the registration process, and the implementation of additional analyses to improve the validity of the SRs.
Engineering the production of conjugated fatty acids in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
Authors: Yurchenko Olga , Shockey Jay M. , Gidda Satinder K. , Silver Maxwell I. , Chapman Kent D. , Mullen Robert T. , Dyer John M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe seeds of many nondomesticated plant species synthesize oils containing high amounts of a single unusual fatty acid, many of which have potential usage in industry. Despite the identification of enzymes for unusual oxidized fatty acid synthesis, the production of these fatty acids in engineered seeds remains low and is often hampered by their inefficient exclusion from phospholipids. Recent studies have established the feasibility of increasing triacylglycerol content in plant leaves, which provides a novel approach for increasing energy density of biomass crops. Here, we determined whether the fatty acid composition of leaf oil could be engineered to accumulate unusual fatty acids. Eleostearic acid (ESA) is a conjugated fatty acid produced in seeds of the tung tree (Vernicia fordii) and has both industrial and nutritional end‐uses. Arabidopsis thaliana lines with elevated leaf oil were first generated by transforming wild‐type, cgi‐58 or pxa1 mutants (the latter two of which contain mutations disrupting fatty acid breakdown) with the diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 or DGAT2) and/or oleosin genes from tung. High‐leaf‐oil plant lines were then transformed with tung FADX, which encodes the fatty acid desaturase/conjugase responsible for ESA synthesis. Analysis of lipids in leaves revealed that ESA was efficiently excluded from phospholipids, and co‐expression of tung FADX and DGAT2 promoted a synergistic increase in leaf oil content and ESA accumulation. Taken together, these results provide a new approach for increasing leaf oil content that is coupled with accumulation of unusual fatty acids. Implications for production of biofuels, bioproducts, and plant–pest interactions are discussed.
Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions: Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways
Authors: Baptista Maurício S. , Cadet Jean , Di Mascio Paolo , Ghogare Ashwini A. , Greer Alexander , Hamblin Michael R. , Lorente Carolina , Nunez Silvia Cristina , Ribeiro Martha Simões , Thomas Andrés H. , Vignoni Mariana , Yoshimura Tania Mateus 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere, 10 guidelines are presented for a standardized definition of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions. Because of varied notions of reactions mediated by photosensitizers, a checklist of recommendations is provided for their definitions. Type I and type II photoreactions are oxygen‐dependent and involve unstable species such as the initial formation of radical cation or neutral radicals from the substrates and/or singlet oxygen (1O2 1∆g) by energy transfer to molecular oxygen. In addition, superoxide anion radical () can be generated by a charge‐transfer reaction involving O2 or more likely indirectly as the result of O2‐mediated oxidation of the radical anion of type I photosensitizers. In subsequent reactions, may add and/or reduce a few highly oxidizing radicals that arise from the deprotonation of the radical cations of key biological targets. can also undergo dismutation into H2O2, the precursor of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical () that may induce delayed oxidation reactions in cells. In the second part, several examples of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions are provided to illustrate the complexity and the diversity of the degradation pathways of mostly relevant biomolecules upon one‐electron oxidation and singlet oxygen reactions.
Optimization of high quality total RNA isolation from the microalga, Chlorella sp. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Poong Sze‐Wan , Lim Phaik‐Eem , Lai Jeannette W.‐S. , Phang Siew‐Moi 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThe advent of high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled more comprehensive transcriptome analyses to obtain gene expression data and understand metabolic pathways essential for functional analysis and systems biology. The isolation of high purity and intact RNA of sufficient quality and yield is crucial to the success of NGS sequencing. In green microalgae, extraction of nucleic acids is hindered by high concentration of lipids and polysaccharides that co‐precipitate with nucleic acids thus resulting in reduced yield and poor quality extracts. The present study compared the performance of standard and modified total RNA isolation protocols using different cell disruption techniques combined with TRIzol reagent or a commercially available kit, in meeting the stringent requirements for downstream NGS application of a green freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp. The protocols were evaluated for (i) the yield of RNA, (ii) integrity of RNA as determined by the RNA integrity number and (iii) the purity of RNA as determined by the A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios. In general, higher yields were obtained by cell disruption via flash freezing and homogenizing with liquid nitrogen followed by lysis with TRIzol reagent. We recommend the incorporation of a salt precipitation step to improve the purity and integrity of RNA isolated. Results of this study served as a simple and low‐cost practical guide for researchers working on isolation of high quality total RNA from microalgae, considering that most relevant publications do not provide a detailed methodology for total RNA isolation or use more expensive methods (e.g. bead‐beater).
Forest Landscape Restoration: increasing the positive impacts of forest restoration or simply the area under tree cover?
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Stanturf John A. , Derkyi Mercy Afua Adutwumwaa , Engel Vera Lex 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRestoring forest landscapes is critical in the face of continued global forest loss and degradation. In this article, we explore some challenges underlying the delivery of global commitments to restore forest landscapes. We propose that three fundamental questions need to be resolved upfront for the effective implementation of Forest Landscape Restoration and related commitments: (1) What social and ecological landscape objectives are being sought through Forest Landscape Restoration? (2) How are specific areas being selected for restoration? (3) How is success measured when restoring forest landscapes? We believe that there is an urgent need to adequately answer these questions to successfully implement political commitments for large‐scale forest restoration.
Does childhood family structure help create stratification in adult education and labor market attainment?: An argument for the selectivity perspective
Authors: Dufur Mikaela J. , Alexander Alyssa J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStratification in opportunities for and attainment of educational credentials, stable and well‐paying jobs, wealth, and socioeconomic status causes problems for both individuals and the societies they live in. It is unclear, however, the extent to which important childhood experiences, such as family structure and transitions, shapes opportunity paths and eventual attainment later in adulthood. The intergenerational transmission literature suggests little if any role of family structure in later attainment, while family scholars and demographers find more compelling evidence that childhood family structures and transitions are influential in adulthood. We argue that both perspectives may be identifying selectivity processes that help explain potential links between families of origin and differences in opportunities to attain education, careers, and status. We then provide suggestions for future work in each of these scholarly traditions to help untangle both the degree to which family structure does or does not affect adult attainment and whether selectivity is the key explanation for any such relationships.
Objective measurements of skin surface roughness after microdermabrasion treatment
Authors: Zapletalova A. , Pata V. , Janis R. , Kejlova K. , Stoklasek P. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this article is to present a new methodology for assessment of skin topology using a three‐dimensional image (3D).MethodsThe measurement of the skin surface roughness is based on 3D scanning of silicone replicas by chromatic aberration length technique in a contactless manner, i.e. by a polychromatic light beam. Analysis of the skin surface reprints was performed using Talymap, Gold version. Results were analysed by fractal geometry, which allows to evaluate changes of the skin surface before and after application of cosmetics and instrumental cosmetological techniques. The methodology was applied for objective assessment of the effects of diamond microdermabrasion on the skin surface roughness. Measurements were performed on 23 volunteers in the age group of 31–67 years.ResultsBased on the results of skin surface scanning after the treatment with diamond microdermabrasion it may be concluded that inequalities of the skin surface are reduced immediately after exfoliation. However, this effect mostly diminishes within 14 days after treatment. The entire study ultimately suggests that the instrumental method used only leads to improvement of the skin surface immediately after its application. Thermo vision images of the skin surface temperature were obtained during the application of the abrasive method. The experimental results showed that the skin is rather cooled than heated by the treatment.ConclusionThis study is focused on the development of a methodology for objective measurement of changes in treated skin relief using 3D scanning. The results are evaluated using fractal dimension. The output may also include also an enlarged model of the skin surface made by 3D printer, which can serve for illustrative communication with the client.
A novel approach to brachycephalic syndrome. 3. Isolated laser‐assisted turbinectomy of caudal aberrant turbinates (CAT LATE)
Authors: Schuenemann Riccarda , Pohl Sabine , Oechtering Gerhard U. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe isolated laser‐assisted turbinectomy of caudal aberrant turbinates (CAT LATE) as a new minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of brachycephalic dogs with obstructing caudal aberrant turbinates (CAT).Study DesignProspective clinical study.AnimalsBrachycephalic dogs (24 Pugs, 1 English Bulldog) with CAT but adequate air spaces between the lamellae of the nonobstructing ventral nasal concha.MethodsA rhinoscopically guided diode laser fiber introduced from anterior was used to dissect CAT within the nasopharyngeal meatus, while leaving the intranasal turbinates intact. Small grasping forceps were used to extract the dissected CAT from anterior or to push it through the nasopharyngeal meatus for extraction from posterior.ResultsIsolated CAT LATE was successfully performed on 32 CAT in 25 dogs. Intranasally applied xylometazoline helped shrink the ventral concha, making the approach and extraction easier. Minor bleeding was the only complication observed.ConclusionIt is possible to remove CAT with endoscopically applied diode‐laser energy while leaving the nonobstructing ventral nasal concha intact.
Effectiveness of patient-centered interventions on falls in the acute care setting: a quantitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Avanecean Donna , Calliste Dawn , Contreras Teresita , Lim Yeogyeong , Fitzpatrick Aileen 
Published: January 2017

Review objective:
The quantitative objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of patient-centered interventions on fall rates in adult patients in the acute care setting.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health promotion programs for the prevention and management of chronic diseases: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Canuto Karla , Aromataris Edoardo , Lockwood Craig , Tufanaru Catalin , Brown Alex 
Published: January 2017

Review objectives:
The scoping review project will identify and describe the existing research on health promotion programs and activities focusing on modifying risk factors (specifically to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption, increase physical activity and improve nutrition and social and emotional wellbeing) and/or improving the management of chronic diseases (specifically obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples across a diverse range of health and community settings.
Integrating Real Industrial Experiences Into the Curriculum Through Robotics Applications
Authors: Barakat Nael 
Published: January 2017

Integrating real industrial applications and bringing actual engineering problems into the curriculum is always a win-win activity. The educational benefits of such activity are countless. In addition to industry, professional engineering organizations can be a great resource to support actual engineering projects and mentor engineering students. Partnering with industry, professional engineering organization, and any similar entity, allows the students a unique opportunity to gain exposure and practice real engineering before graduation.
The challenge with this concept is to find and run the appropriate project or activity that will simultaneously meet the expectations of all parties and fulfill the educational objectives, while conforming to the time limitations of the course. This paper presents and evaluates such experience through two examples of projects utilizing robotics to achieve engineering educational goals through the design and build of functional industry-grade systems. The first project was performed by an interdisciplinary engineering team of students to solve an actual industrial problem. The project was sponsored by an industrial customer and produced a functional prototype that achieved the required goals and was ready to be duplicated at the customer’s site. The second project was also performed by a team of engineering students to design and build an industrial scale functional robotic manipulator in partnership with a professional engineering organization. The external organization sponsored the project and provided some professional engineers as mentors. The outcome of the project was a mobile 5-axis robotic manipulator that is used for many engineering demo and recruiting events. These projects are examples of ways in which real engineering exercises can be integrated into the curriculum to enhance the educational process and improve collaboration between academia and other engineering entities.
Analyze of the Rhythm of the Neck in Handmade Japanese Paper Manufacturing Movement
Authors: Imajo Akihiko , Yoshikawa Takashi , Saeki Nobutaka 
Published: January 2017

In Japan, the production of traditional handmade Japanese paper using the spring water has been performed in the Shuso area of Shikoku Island. However, the method of production was been handed down by trial and error and observation of the expert movement until now. The produced papers are counted one unit that is five hundred sheets of Japanese paper. Five hundred sheets of Japanese paper are called 1 [lot]. The paper has two type of thickness and its size is 600mm × 1500mm. Thick paper is 9[kgf] per lot. The other hand, thin paper is 8[kgf] per lot. In other words, the expert is making paper which is the difference of 2[gf] per sheet. This time, we have been able to obtain cooperation with traditional craftsman for the digitizing of his skills. Therefore, we visualize the tacit knowledge of the expert’s skill.
The expert subject has 34 years of experience of traditional hand-made Japanese paper. We have digitized his manufacturing movement by using motion capture. His movements are analyzed by attaching infrared reflective markers of 20 on each parts of the body.
In this study, we found that constant rhythm of the neck in handmade Japanese paper manufacturing movement. Furthermore, the first scoop is performed at the time much shorter than in the case of other scoops.
Reliability and Validity of Kinetic and Kinematic Parameters Determined With Force Plates Embedded Under a Soil-Filled Baseball Mound
Authors: Yanai Toshimasa , Matsuo Akifumi , Maeda Akira , Nakamoto Hiroki , Mizutani Mirai , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Fukunaga Tetsuo 
Published: January 2017

We developed a force measurement system in a soil-filled mound for measuring ground reaction forces (GRFs) acting on baseball pitchers and examined the reliability and validity of kinetic and kinematic parameters determined from the GRFs. Three soil-filled trays of dimensions that satisfied the official baseball rules were fixed onto 3 force platforms. Eight collegiate pitchers wearing baseball shoes with metal cleats were asked to throw 5 fastballs with maximum effort from the mound toward a catcher. The reliability of each parameter was determined for each subject as the coefficient of variation across the 5 pitches. The validity of the measurements was tested by comparing the outcomes either with the true values or the corresponding values computed from a motion capture system. The coefficients of variation in the repeated measurements of the peak forces ranged from 0.00 to 0.17, and were smaller for the pivot foot than the stride foot. The mean absolute errors in the impulses determined over the entire duration of pitching motion were 5.3 N˙s, 1.9 N˙s, and 8.2 N˙s for the X-, Y-, and Z-directions, respectively. These results suggest that the present method is reliable and valid for determining selected kinetic and kinematic parameters for analyzing pitching performance.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus parauberis Strain SP-llh, Isolated from Cows with Mastitis in Western China
Authors: Liu Longhai , Yang Feng , Li Xinpu , Luo Jinyin , Zhang Zhe , Li Hongsheng 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus parauberis
strain SP-llh was isolated from cows with mastitis in western China in 2015. The 2,522,235-bp genome sequence consists of 46 large contigs in 14 scaffolds and contains 2,620 predicted protein-coding genes, with a G+C content of 35.3%.
Metagenomic Analysis of Cucumber RNA from East Timor Reveals an
Aphid lethal paralysis virus
Genome
Authors: Maina Solomon , Edwards Owain R. , de Almeida Luis , Ximenes Abel , Jones Roger A. C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the first complete genomic
Aphid lethal paralysis virus
(ALPV) sequence isolated from cucumber plant RNA from East Timor. We compare it with two complete ALPV genome sequences from China, and one each from Israel, South Africa, and the United States. It most closely resembled the Chinese isolate LGH genome.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus iniae UEL-Si1, Isolated in Diseased Nile Tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) from Northern Paraná, Southern Brazil
Authors: Vilas-Boas Laurival A. , Headley Selwyn A. , Gonçalves Kátia B. , Scarpassa Josiane A. , Pretto-Giordano Lucienne G. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The
Streptococcus iniae
UEL-Si1 strain was isolated from diseased Nile tilapia within the Paranapanema River Basin, Northern Paraná, Brazil. This is an emerging infectious disease agent of fish from Brazil, and sequencing of the complete genome is fundamental to understanding aspects relative to pathogenesis, infection, epidemiology, and immunity.
Genome Sequence of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain 381
Authors: Chastain-Gross Ryan P. , Xie Gary , Bélanger Myriam , Kumar Dibyendu , Whitlock Joan A. , Liu Li , Raines Sarah M. , Farmerie William G. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Han Cliff S. , Brettin Thomas S. , Progulske-Fox Ann 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is associated with both oral and systemic diseases. Strain-specific
P. gingivalis
invasion phenotypes do not reliably predict disease presentation during
in vivo
studies. Here, we present the genome sequence of 381, a common laboratory strain, with a single contig of 2,378,872 bp and a G+C content of 48.36%.