bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Authors: Nalavenkata Sunny B. , Sacks Raymond , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Purkey Michael T. , Feldman Michael D. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Snyderman Carl H. , Wang Eric W. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Smee Robert , Havas Thomas E. , Gallagher Richard , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveOlfactory neuroblastoma and the management of neck disease has posed considerable challenges to the treating physician. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence and factors influencing neck disease and to identify at‐risk patients with cervical node–negative disease at presentation.Study DesignMulticenter case series with retrospective chart review.Setting and SubjectsIn sum, 113 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma across 6 tertiary hospitals in Australia and the United States.MethodsTreatment modalities for the primary site and neck included surgery, radiotherapy, and combined therapy. Treatment outcomes were measured in relation to date of primary treatment, and long‐term follow‐up was recorded. Disease‐free survival was calculated as time for patients to develop delayed neck disease following primary treatment.ResultsA total of 113 patients (46 females, 49.7 ± 13.2 years) were identified with a median follow‐up of 41.5 months (interquartile range, 58.2); 7.1% of patients presented with primary neck disease, while 8.8% of patients presented with delayed neck disease. Neck disease was present in patients with Hyams grade II (22.2%), III (55.6%), and IV (22.2%) lesions (χ2 = 5.66, P =. 13). Histologic grade was higher in patients with primary neck disease (χ2 = 16.22, P =. 001). Positive surgical margins were associated with a higher risk of delayed neck disease as compared with clear surgical margin (17.9% vs 5%, P =. 034).ConclusionNeck metastasis is an important clinical consideration for olfactory neuroblastoma at presentation and in surveillance. Primary treatment of the neck could be considered in select patients. Long‐term surveillance of the neck and primary site is essential.
Neck Incision Planning for Total Laryngectomy with Pharyngectomy
Authors: Clark James H. , Feng Allen L. , Morton Katie , Agrawal Nishant , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of skin incision location for total laryngectomy with pharyngectomy (TLP) on postoperative outcomes including wound dehiscence and infection rate.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary care center.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients undergoing TLP with flap closure at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes between August 2005 and February 2013. The effects of patient characteristics and skin incision technique on postoperative wound dehiscence and infection were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.ResultsA total of 49 patients were included in the analysis; 31 received low‐neck apron (LNA) incisions with an incorporated tracheostoma, while the remaining 18 had mid‐neck apron (MNA) incisions with separate tracheostoma fashioned inferior to their incisions. Of these patients, 17 experienced incisional wound dehiscence (35%), and 18 contracted postoperative infections (37%). Generalized linear regression models demonstrated a significantly increased odds of wound dehiscence for patients with LNA incisions (odds ratio 29.8; 95% CI, 1.4‐631.5, P =. 029). There were no significant predictive variables for postoperative infection.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the use of a separately fashioned tracheostoma with MNA incision is associated with decreased rate of wound dehiscence in patients undergoing TLP.
Evaluation of meloxicam for the treatment of obstructive feline idiopathic cystitis
Authors: Dorsch Roswitha , Zellner Friederike , Schulz Bianka , Sauter-Louis Carola , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: December 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam on the clinical course of obstructive idiopathic cystitis in cats in a placebo-controlled clinical study. Methods Thirty-seven cats with obstructive idiopathic cystitis were enrolled. Cats received supportive treatment and an indwelling transurethral catheter for 48 h. On days 0 and 1, all cats received buprenorphine 0.01 mg/kg subcutaneously every 8 h. On day 1, cats were randomly assigned to the meloxicam (n = 18) or placebo group (n = 19) and received meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg on day 1, 0.05 mg/kg on days 2–5) or placebo orally for five consecutive days. Cats were monitored by repeated physical examinations and urinalysis, and with a 5 day questionnaire filled in by the owners after discharge and a telephone interview 3 months after presentation. Parameters for evaluation of treatment success were the occurrence of recurrent urethral obstruction, results of physical examinations and questionnaires. Results Recurrent urethral obstruction occurred in 4/18 cats (22%) in the meloxicam group and 5/19 cats (26%) in the placebo group ( P = 1.000). General demeanour and pain on abdominal palpation during hospitalisation improved significantly in both groups ( P <0.001). After discharge, with regard to general demeanour, food intake and voiding behaviour, there were no significant differences within or between groups at different time points. Conclusions and relevance Orally administered meloxicam for 5 days did not influence the incidence of recurrent urethral obstruction and the recovery from clinical signs in cats with obstructive feline idiopathic cystitis. The persistence of clinical signs in most of the cats 1 week after initial presentation indicates that symptomatic treatment for a longer period of time is warranted.
A Randomized Safety and Efficacy Study of Somavaratan (VRS-317), a Long-Acting rhGH, in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Moore Wayne V. , Nguyen Huong Jil , Kletter Gad B. , Miller Bradley S. , Rogers Douglas , Ng David , Moore Jerome A. , Humphriss Eric , Cleland Jeffrey L. , Bright George M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Context:
Somavaratan (VRS-317) is a long-acting form of recombinant human GH under development for children and adults with GH deficiency (GHD).

Objectives:
To determine the optimal somavaratan dose regimen to normalize IGF-1 in pediatric GHD and to evaluate safety and efficacy of somavaratan over 6 months.

Design:
Open-label, multicenter, single ascending dose study followed by 6-month randomized comparison of 3 dosing regimens.

Setting:
Twenty-five United States pediatric endocrinology centers.

Patients:
Naive-to-treatment, prepubertal children with GHD (n = 68).

Intervention(s):
Patients received single sc doses of somavaratan (0.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.7, 4.0, or 6.0 mg/kg) during the 30-day dose-finding phase, then were randomized to somavaratan 1.15 mg/kg weekly, 2.5 mg/kg twice monthly, or 5.0 mg/kg monthly for 6 months.

Main Outcome Measures:
Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, 6-month height velocity (HV).

Results:
Somavaratan pharmacokinetics was linearly proportional to dose; dose-dependent increases in the magnitude and duration of IGF-1 responses enabled weekly, twice-monthly or monthly dosing. A single dose of somavaratan sustained IGF-1 responses for up to 1 month. No somavaratan or IGF-1 accumulation occurred with repeat dosing. Mean annualized HVs for somavaratan administered monthly, twice monthly, or weekly (7.86 ± 2.5, 8.61 ± 2.7, and 7.58 ± 2.5 cm/y, respectively) were similar between groups. Adverse events were mostly mild and transient.

Conclusions:
Somavaratan demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in HV and IGF-1 in prepubertal children with GHD, with no significant differences between monthly, twice-monthly, or weekly dosing.
The water channel aquaporin-1a1 facilitates movement of CO2 and ammonia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae
Authors: Talbot Krystle , Kwong Raymond W. M. , Gilmour Kathleen M. , Perry Steve F. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study tested the hypothesis that zebrafish (Danio rerio) aquaporin-1a1 (AQP1a1) serves as a multi-functional channel for the transfer of the small gaseous molecules, CO2 and ammonia, as well as water, across biological membranes. Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with a translation-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide targeted to AQP1a1. Knockdown of AQP1a1 significantly reduced rates of CO2 and ammonia excretion, as well as water fluxes, in larvae at 4 days post fertilization (dpf). Because AQP1a1 is expressed both in ionocytes present on the body surface and in red blood cells, the haemolytic agent phenylhydrazine was used to distinguish between the contributions of AQP1a1 to gas transfer in these two locations. Phenylhydrazine treatment had no effect on AQP1a1-linked excretion of CO2 or ammonia, providing evidence that AQP1a1 localized to the yolk sac epithelium, rather than red blood cell AQP1a1, is the major site of CO2 and ammonia movements. The possibility that AQP1a1 and the rhesus glycoprotein Rhcg1, which also serves as a dual CO2 and ammonia channel, act in concert to facilitate CO2 and ammonia excretion was explored. Although knockdown of each protein did not affect the abundance of mRNA and protein of the other protein under control conditions, impairment of ammonia excretion by chronic exposure to high external ammonia triggered a significant increase in the abundance of AQP1a1 mRNA and protein in 4 dpf larvae experiencing Rhcg1 knockdown. Collectively, these results suggest that AQP1a1 in zebrafish larvae facilitates the movement of CO2 and ammonia, as well as water, in a physiologically relevant fashion.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Попов  , Popov Boris 
Published: December 2015

Introduction. Complexity of welded joints nondestructive testing under operation conditions is associated with the heterogeneity of the metal structure within the heat-affected zone, which is a stress concentrator; the metal structure in this zone is being changed under cyclic loads. The work aim was to investigate the possibility of applying a coercimetry method to diagnostics of welds working under cyclic loads.
Method. At low-cycle fatigue irreversible damage accumulation takes place even in a defect-free weld. The magnetic structurescope KRM-Ts-K2M was used for detection of this damage by the value of the coercive force increase. The impact of load parameters on a coercive force was studied on the basis of static and cyclic testing of samples with butt and fillet (T-shaped) welds.
Results. Numerous static and cyclic testing of welds and base metal have enabled the author to determine correlation between a coercive force value and weld resource parameters for the conventional steel grades St3sp, 09G2S and 10KhSND. Prospects of small (with the base ≤ 20 mm) sensors application for weld local diagnostics has also been shown in the work.
Conclusion. Combination of magnetic structural testing by a coercive force method with an ultrasonic inspection makes it possible to predict a physical resource of metal work at the examination of hazardous production facilities.
Experimental Research of Flaw Detection Technique at Manual Ultrasonic Testing of Railway Rolling Stock Elements
Authors: Киреев  , Kireev Andrey 
Published: December 2015

Introduction. The work aim was to carry out experimental studies of dual-frequency method reliability for defect type determination at manual ultrasonic testing of railway rolling stock elements.
Method. The method of discontinuity type determination includes: measuring amplitude characteristics of echo signals from the detected defect on the frequency of 2.5 and 5.0 MHz; calculation a defect form-factor; comparing the form-factor with the certain limit values, one of which corresponds to a planar defect and the other corresponds to a volume defect. The defect is considered planar/volume, if its form-factor differs from the appropriate limit value by no more than 30%. The method gives an opportunity to determine types for both point and extensive defects.
For the experiment a sample was manufactured, in which various artificial reflectors of different types and dimensions were made. The type of each reflector was determined with dual-frequency method. The relative error and reliability of type determination were calculated.
Results. Experimental studies have shown that reliability of defect type determination with dual-frequency method is quite high. The average accuracy of point defect determination has been 97,389%; extensive defect determination has been 93,588%.
Problems of Development of Social Institution of Accounting at National Level
Authors: Миславская  , Mislavskaya N. 
Published: December 2015

In recent the historically prevailing form of organization of joint activity of the Russian accounting community
decades has been undergoing signifi cant changes. A radical modifi cation in the area of ethical and moral attitudes has
taken place against the background of the national accounting system reform. Th is article is dedicated to the problems
that have followed.
About Inspection of Marine Shafts and Workpieces
Authors: Хвагин  , Khvagin Vladimir 
Published: December 2015

Introduction to the article gives the overview of vessels’ nowadays condition and emphasizes the necessity of their inspection.
The article presents the operational procedure for inspection of blanks for shafts and rudder stocks as well as estimates the capabilities of shipyards to fulfill the inspection. Ways and techniques for different types defect detection are given; the necessary equipment is described; methodology peculiarities for flaw detector adjustment are indicated; recommendations for transducer selection are presented. The standard specimens used for workpiece inspection are described in detail.
For used propeller shafts the procedure of preparation a shaft for testing is given as well as the sequence of testing operations including those for shafts with pressed-on bushes. Schemes for base metal testing of shafts, key-seats, shafts with pressed-on bushes, fillet zones are also presented. The article also indicates the regulatory documents according to which the quality of workpieces of shafts and used shafts should be estimated.
It is shown by the real examples that timely fulfilled testing prevents emergency situations. The offered testing techniques ensure detection of inadmissible defects.
Reading the Fine Print: Information Disclosure in the Brazilian Credit Card Market
Authors: Ferman Bruno 
Published: December 2015

Consumer credit regulations usually require that lenders disclose interest rates. However, in the absence of specific prominence requirements, lenders can conceal the interest rate in the fine print while still complying with the law. I examine the effect of such a strategy using a field experiment in Brazil in which a credit card company offered their clients payment plans to pay off their balances. Using randomized contract interest rates and the degree of rate disclosure, I show that most clients are rate sensitive, whether or not rates are prominently disclosed. The elasticity of payment plan enrollment with respect to the interest rate ranges from −0.711 to −0.880. High-risk clients are an exception; these clients are rate sensitive only when disclosure is prominent. I also show that clients are influenced by nudges that favor longer-term contracts. Conditional on enrollment, the proportion of clients who choose a longer-term contract is 40 percentage points higher when a longer-term contract is featured in the advertisement layout. This effect, however, is weaker when stakes are higher. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2281 . This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Sintesis Nanopartikel Magnetite (Fe3O4) dengan Template silika (SiO2) dan Karakterisasi Sifat Kemagnetannya
Authors: Taib Suryani , Suharyadi Edi 
Published: December 2015

<p>Nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) have been successfully synthesized by coprecipitation method by mixing FeSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O and FeCl<sub>3.</sub>6H<sub>2</sub>O with the addition of 10% NH<sub>4</sub>OH as kopresipitan. Then, functionalized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> concentration variation silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 50%. Particle size and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were tested by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD results showed the addition of silica is not found new phases when added SiO<sub>2</sub>that serves as a template. The particle size of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles obtained 14.23 nm, while the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanoparticles with the addition of a concentration of 5% and 20% respectively SiO<sub>2</sub>15.45 nm and 16.37 nm. VSM results show the value of saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization decreased as more silica concentration, and increased coercivity field. Test Results of Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) obtained new peaks which indicate that the functionalization process Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with silica has been successfully carried out.</p>
Effect of connexin 36 blockers on the neuronal cytoskeleton and synaptic plasticity in kainic acid-kindled rats
Authors: Wu Xue-mei , Wang Guang-liang , Miao Jing , Feng Jia-chun 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this study we investigated the potential anti-epileptogenic effect of neuronal connexin Cx36 gap junction
blockage via inhibition of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and synaptophysin (SYP) overexpression.
Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (six animals per group): control, sham, carbenoxolone
(CBX), quinine (QN), and quinidine (QND). An epilepsy model was produced by injecting kainic acid (KA)
into the rat amygdala. Broad-spectrum and selective blockers of the Cx36 channel (CBX, QN, and QND) were
administered via intraperitoneal injection. Expression of MAP-2 and SYP was assessed by immunofluorescent
and immunohistochemical examination. Expression of MAP-2 and SYP was significantly increased after KA
administration in the sham group compared with the control group. Expression of MAP-2 and SYP was significantly
decreased in the CBX, QN, and QND groups compared with the sham group. The results provide new evidence
regarding the key role of MAP-2 and SYP overexpression in three important mechanisms: the modulation of
neuronal plasticity, hyperexcitability of the hippocampal neuronal network, and persistent seizure discharge.
Furthermore, the reversal of MAP-2 and SYP overexpression following administration of Cx36 channel blockers
indicates a potential role for Cx36 channel blockers in anti-epileptogenic treatment and in doing so, highlights a
critical need for further investigation of these compounds.
Dopamine Modulates the Activity of Sensory Hair Cells
Authors: Toro Cecilia , Trapani Josef G. , Pacentine Itallia , Maeda Reo , Sheets Lavinia , Mo Weike , Nicolson Teresa 
Published: December 2015

The senses of hearing and balance are subject to modulation by efferent signaling, including the release of dopamine (DA). How DA influences the activity of the auditory and vestibular systems and its site of action are not well understood. Here we show that dopaminergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. However, a member of the D1-like receptor family, D1b, tightly localizes to ribbon synapses in inner ear and lateral-line hair cells. To assess modulation of hair-cell activity, we reversibly activated or inhibited D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in lateral-line hair cells. In extracellular recordings from hair cells, we observed that D1R agonist SKF-38393 increased microphonic potentials, whereas D1R antagonist SCH-23390 decreased microphonic potentials. Using ratiometric calcium imaging, we found that increased D1R activity resulted in larger calcium transients in hair cells. The increase of intracellular calcium requires Cav1.3a channels, as a Cav1 calcium channel antagonist, isradipine, blocked the increase in calcium transients elicited by the agonist SKF-38393. Collectively, our results suggest that DA is released in a paracrine fashion and acts at ribbon synapses, likely enhancing the activity of presynaptic Cav1.3a channels and thereby increasing neurotransmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neurotransmitter dopamine acts in a paracrine fashion (diffusion over a short distance) in several tissues and bodily organs, influencing and regulating their activity. The cellular target and mechanism of the action of dopamine in mechanosensory organs, such as the inner ear and lateral-line organ, is not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that dopamine receptors are present in sensory hair cells at synaptic sites that are required for signaling to the brain. When nearby neurons release dopamine, activation of the dopamine receptors increases the activity of these mechanosensitive cells. The mechanism of dopamine activation requires voltage-gated calcium channels that are also present at hair-cell synapses.
Selective VIP Receptor Agonists Facilitate Immune Transformation for Dopaminergic Neuroprotection in MPTP-Intoxicated Mice
Authors: Olson Katherine E. , Kosloski-Bilek Lisa M. , Anderson Kristi M. , Diggs Breha J. , Clark Barbara E. , Gledhill John M. , Shandler Scott J. , Mosley R. Lee , Gendelman Howard E. 
Published: December 2015

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mediates a broad range of biological responses by activating two related receptors, VIP receptor 1 and 2 (VIPR1 and VIPR2). Although the use of native VIP facilitates neuroprotection, clinical application of the hormone is limited due to VIP's rapid metabolism and inability to distinguish between VIPR1 and VIPR2 receptors. In addition, activation of both receptors by therapeutics may increase adverse secondary toxicities. Therefore, we developed metabolically stable and receptor-selective agonists for VIPR1 and VIPR2 to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic therapeutic end points. Selective agonists were investigated for their abilities to protect mice against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration used to model Parkinson's disease (PD). Survival of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the substantia nigra was determined by stereological tests after MPTP intoxication in mice pretreated with either VIPR1 or VIPR2 agonist or after adoptive transfer of splenic cell populations from agonist-treated mice administered to MPTP-intoxicated animals. Treatment with VIPR2 agonist or splenocytes from agonist-treated mice resulted in increased neuronal sparing. Immunohistochemical tests showed that agonist-treated mice displayed reductions in microglial responses, with the most pronounced effects in VIPR2 agonist-treated, MPTP-intoxicated mice. In parallel studies, we observed reductions in proinflammatory cytokine release that included IL-17A, IL-6, and IFN-γ and increases in GM-CSF transcripts in CD4+T cells recovered from VIPR2 agonist-treated animals. Moreover, a phenotypic shift of effector to regulatory T cells was observed. These results support the use of VIPR2-selective agonists as neuroprotective agents for PD treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 can elicit immune transformation in a model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Such immunomodulatory capabilities can lead to neuroprotection by attenuating microglial activation and by slowing degradation of neuronal cell bodies and termini in MPTP-intoxicated mice. The protective mechanism arises from altering a Th1/Th2 immune cytokine response into an anti-inflammatory and neuronal sparing profile. These results are directly applicable for the development of novel PD therapies.