bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Forever Foreigners to Model Minority: Asian American Men in Sports
Authors: Lee Yomee 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Despite their long history in the United States, relatively little scholarly attention has been paid to Asian Americans and their lived experience in sports. The purpose of this study was to give voices to Asian American men by focusing on their experiences in sports. In particular, this study examined the experiences of East Asian and Southeast Asian American male college students who were often perceived as “foreign” and “pejoratively feminine” racialized minority yet participated in sports that were associated with dominant masculinity in the U.S. The setting of the study was as a predominately White institution located in Upstate New York where Asian Americans make up about one percent of the total student population. Qualitative research method was employed for the study. Six Asian American male students were recruited through snowball and purposeful sampling methods. In-depth interviews were conducted to reveal the rich stories of these Asian American men. The research showed that the stories of Asian American male college students were much nuanced and complicated. Specifically, this study revealed that Asian American men were constantly otherized as “forever foreigners” who did not have a legitimate citizenship in the United States. Also, Asian Americans faced unique ideas about their manhood that either highlighted emasculated and feminized masculinity or hyper-masculinity. In dealing with these situations, Asian American men employed unique cultural strategies to challenge and resist racial stereotypes through sports.
Composite Compost Produced from Organic Waste
Authors: Lăcătuşu Radu , Căpăţână Romeo , Lăcătuşu Anca-Rovena 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The soil fertilization in ecological agriculture is done mostly using organic fertilizers. Some of them are prepared as compost from waste, but other haven’t, until now, any recycling possibility. In this context, for the preparation of new types of compost, we used three type of waste: sewage sludge from waste water treatment, marine algae and farmyard manure. We have made four different composting variants, each consisting of different proportions of the three waste: equal parts (33.33%) of each waste, 50% of each of the three wastes separately, the difference being made up in equal amounts (25%) of the other two wastes. Composting process was performed in Könemann silos (cubs with side by 1.20m) and lasted 60 days, from July 19 until September 16, when the composted material has passed the stages of reduction and oxidation. During composting process, in the reductive stage the material has reached a temperature up to 63°C Celsius, enough heat for its sterilization. Initial material, semi composted and final composted material were been chemical analyzed, especially in terms of macro- and microelements, analytical results revealing high and normal content of such chemicals. Therefore the achieved compost could be used in organic farming systems.
Recent Mutations in the Spatial Distribution of Forests with the Main Function of Protection in the County of Iasi
Authors: Brodner (Cojinovschi) Alina Daniela , Rusu Eugen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In the last few years, Romania’s forests have become one of the most interesting and most talked about topics for an increasing number of researchers from the most varied fields, both nationally and internationally. The present study aims at analyzing as accurately as possible the forests of Iasi County, especially forests with primary functions of protection, following the changes occurred after 1990 and the way these affected the functional framing of the forests and their state. This research has been accomplished based on precise statistical data collected from every region (or forestry district), these in turn being matched with maps, satellite images and aerial imagery.
Central European Blocking Anticyclones and the Influences Imprint over the Romania’s Climate
Authors: Andrei Niţă , Liviu Apostol 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Blocking anticyclonic circulations from Europe are provoking climatic episodes responsible for discomfort, human and financial loses. During the summer, these episodes are known for prolonged droughts and maximum temperatures often exceeding 35 °C to 40 °C. In the cold season, the rainfalls are close to 0 while the daily minimum temperatures are low under the average period. For this study, we used a synoptic classification which is available especially for Central Europe but works similarly for Romanian territory too. We aim to follow what kind of climatic conditions these circulations are producing in Romania during their presence in Europe. ECA&D daily gridded climatic dataset was used in this study. The study period lasts from 1961 to 2012. We used the minimum and maximum daily temperatures as well the rainfall quantities recorded. Since the output volume of data was too high, we aggregated the results into yearly multiseasonal average. In order to classify the synoptic patterns as blocking anticyclones, we used two synoptic situations from Hess-Brezowsky defined as Anticyclone High Central (HM) and High British Isles (HB). We calculated the thermic anomalies as well the rainfall quantities recorded in Romania during the presence of these circulations in central Europe. The results shows a perspective over the synoptic conditions in Romania during the presence of the above mentioned synoptic types in Central Europe.
Wie politische Arbeit Evidenz erzeugt
Authors: Brichzin Jenni 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Welcher Logik folgt politische Praxis in Parlamenten? Diese Studie setzt an einer Forschungslücke an, die sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen Soziologie und Politikwissenschaft eröffnet und politische Praxis in politischen Institutionen immer noch in großen Teilen als „black box“ erscheinen lässt. Die praxistheoretische Konzeption Pierre Bourdieus hilft, diese black box weiter aufzubrechen: Das politische Feld erscheint als Feld der kulturellen Produktion, die zugehörige Praxis als Form der Aussagearbeit, die gewöhnliche Ideen zu Ideen mit gesellschaftlicher Mobilisierungskraft transformiert. Wie diese Transformation empirisch vonstattengeht, wird anhand einer ethnografischen Studie auf vier parlamentarischen Ebenen herausgearbeitet. Das resultierende Modell politischer Arbeit macht mit den drei zentralen parlamentarischen Arbeitsmodi – politisches Spiel, Themenabfertigung, politische Gestaltung – die produktive Dimension des politischen Umgangs mit Ideen bei der Erzeugung von Evidenz sichtbar.
Wie konzipieren wir Kinderkriegen?
Authors: Heimerl Birgit , Hofmann Peter 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Wie geht Kinderkriegen? Im Alltag lautet die Antwort Sex – Schwangerschaften resultieren aus Geschlechtsverkehr und Befruchtung. Sozialwissenschaftliche Studien führen sie dagegen auf ein (rationales) Entscheidungshandeln von Paaren zurück. Diesem unterliegen ‚Fertilitätsintentionen‘, denen ein entsprechendes ‚Fertilitätsverhalten‘ korrespondiert. Theoriegrundlage bilden Rational-Choice- und kognitionspsychologische Ansätze. Der Aufsatz wird diese Modellbildung hinterfragen, da sie das Kinderkriegen in seiner lebensweltlichen Komplexität nicht nur empirisch ausklammert, sondern auch normativ idealisiert und dabei dessen sozialen Eigensinn verfehlt. Anhand narrativer Interviews eines ausgewählten Falles stellen wir eine an praxeologischen Prämissen orientierte Analyse vor, die neben Akteuren auch deren Körper und am Geschehen involvierte Artefakte einbezieht. So lässt sich zeigen, wie sich der intime Paardiskurs mit der körperlich-sexuellen Ebene der Paarbeziehung verschränkt, während ihre Teilnehmer sich zunehmend als Eltern antizipieren.
Habenula-Induced Inhibition of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Is Diminished by Lesions of the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus
Authors: Brown P. Leon , Palacorolla Heather , Brady Dana , Riegger Katelyn , Elmer Greg I. , Shepard Paul D. 
Published: December 2016

Neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) are transiently activated by aversive events and have been implicated in associative learning. Functional changes associated with tonic and phasic activation of the LHb are often attributed to a corresponding inhibition of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Activation of GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a region that receives dense projections from the LHb and projects strongly to midbrain monoaminergic nuclei, is believed to underlie the transient inhibition of DA neurons attributed to activation of the LHb. To test this premise, the effects of axon-sparing lesions of the RMTg were assessed on LHb-induced inhibition of midbrain DA cell firing in anesthetized rats. Quinolinic acid lesions decreased the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the RMTg significantly while largely sparing cells in neighboring regions. Lesions of the RMTg reduced both the number of DA neurons inhibited by, and the duration of inhibition resulting from, LHb stimulation. Although the firing rate was not altered, the regularity of DA cell firing was increased in RMTg-lesioned rats. Locomotor activity in an open field was also elevated. These results are the first to show that RMTg neurons contribute directly to LHb-induced inhibition of DA cell activity and support the widely held proposition that GABAergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum are an important component of a pathway that enables midbrain DA neurons to encode the negative valence associated with failed expectations and aversive stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPhasic changes in the activity of midbrain dopamine cells motivate and guide future behavior. Activation of the lateral habenula by aversive events inhibits dopamine neurons transiently, providing a neurobiological representation of learning models that incorporate negative reward prediction errors. Anatomical evidence suggests that this inhibition occurs via the rostromedial tegmental nucleus, but this hypothesis has yet to be tested directly. Here, we show that axon-sparing lesions of the rostromedial tegmentum attenuate habenula-induced inhibition of dopamine neurons significantly. These data support a substantial role for the rostromedial tegmentum in habenula-induced feedforward inhibition of dopamine neurons.
Reversible Disruption of Neuronal Mitochondria by Ischemic and Traumatic Injury Revealed by Quantitative Two-Photon Imaging in the Neocortex of Anesthetized Mice
Authors: Kislin Mikhail , Sword Jeremy , Fomitcheva Ioulia V. , Croom Deborah , Pryazhnikov Evgeny , Lihavainen Eero , Toptunov Dmytro , Rauvala Heikki , Ribeiro Andre S. , Khiroug Leonard , Kirov Sergei A. 
Published: December 2016

Mitochondria play a variety of functional roles in cortical neurons, from metabolic support and neuroprotection to the release of cytokines that trigger apoptosis. In dendrites, mitochondrial structure is closely linked to their function, and fragmentation (fission) of the normally elongated mitochondria indicates loss of their function under pathological conditions, such as stroke and brain trauma. Usingin vivotwo-photon microscopy in mouse brain, we quantified mitochondrial fragmentation in a full spectrum of cortical injuries, ranging from severe to mild. Severe global ischemic injury was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, whereas severe focal stroke injury was induced by Rose Bengal photosensitization. The moderate and mild traumatic injury was inflicted by focal laser lesion and by mild photo-damage, respectively. Dendritic and mitochondrial structural changes were tracked longitudinally using transgenic mice expressing fluorescent proteins localized either in cytosol or in mitochondrial matrix. In response to severe injury, mitochondrial fragmentation developed in parallel with dendritic damage signified by dendritic beading. Reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy confirmed mitochondrial fragmentation. Unlike dendritic beading, fragmentation spread beyond the injury core in focal stroke and focal laser lesion models. In moderate and mild injury, mitochondrial fragmentation was reversible with full recovery of structural integrity after 1–2 weeks. The transient fragmentation observed in the mild photo-damage model was associated with changes in dendritic spine density without any signs of dendritic damage. Our findings indicate that alterations in neuronal mitochondria structure are very sensitive to the tissue damage and can be reversible in ischemic and traumatic injuries.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring ischemic stroke or brain trauma, mitochondria can either protect neurons by supplying ATP and adsorbing excessive Ca2+, or kill neurons by releasing proapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their morphology: healthy mitochondria are thin and long; dysfunctional mitochondria are thick (swollen) and short (fragmented). To date, fragmentation of mitochondria was studied either in dissociated cultured neurons or in brain slices, but not in the intact living brain. Using real-timein vivotwo-photon microscopy, we quantified mitochondrial fragmentation during acute pathological conditions that mimic severe, moderate, and mild brain injury. We demonstrated that alterations in neuronal mitochondria structural integrity can be reversible in traumatic and ischemic injuries, highlighting mitochondria as a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Dynamic Shifts in Large-Scale Brain Network Balance As a Function of Arousal
Authors: Young Christina B. , Raz Gal , Everaerd Daphne , Beckmann Christian F. , Tendolkar Indira , Hendler Talma , Fernández Guillén , Hermans Erno J. 
Published: December 2016

The ability to temporarily prioritize rapid and vigilant reactions over slower higher-order cognitive functions is essential for adaptive responding to threat. This reprioritization is believed to reflect shifts in resource allocation between large-scale brain networks that support these cognitive functions, including the salience and executive control networks. However, how changes in communication within and between such networks dynamically unfold as a function of threat-related arousal remains unknown. To address this issue, we collected functional MRI data and continuously assessed the heart rate from 120 healthy human adults as they viewed emotionally arousing and ecologically valid cinematographic material. We then developed an analysis method that tracks dynamic changes in large-scale network cohesion by quantifying the level of within-network and between-network interaction. We found a monotonically increasing relationship between heart rate, a physiological index of arousal, and within-network cohesion in the salience network, indicating that coordination of activity within the salience network dynamically tracks arousal. Strikingly, salience–executive control between-network cohesion peaked at moderate arousal. These findings indicate that at moderate arousal, which has been associated with optimal noradrenergic signaling, the salience network is optimally able to engage the executive control network to coordinate cognitive activity, but is unable to do so at tonically elevated noradrenergic levels associated with acute stress. Our findings extend neurophysiological models of the effects of stress-related neuromodulatory signaling at the cellular level to large-scale neural systems, and thereby explain shifts in cognitive functioning during acute stress, which may play an important role in the development and maintenance of stress-related mental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow does brain functioning change in arousing or stressful situations? Extant literature suggests that through global projections, arousal-related neuromodulatory changes can rapidly alter coordination of neural activity across brain-wide neural systems or large-scale networks. Since it is unknown how such processes unfold, we developed a method to dynamically track levels of within-network and between-network interaction. We applied this technique to human neuroimaging data acquired while participants watched realistic and emotionally arousing cinematographic material. Results demonstrate that cohesion within the salience network monotonically increases with arousal, while cohesion of this network with the executive control network peaks at moderate arousal. Our findings explain how cognitive performance shifts as a function of arousal, and provide new insights into vulnerability for stress-related psychopathology.
Loss of Plasticity in the D2-Accumbens Pallidal Pathway Promotes Cocaine Seeking
Authors: Heinsbroek Jasper A. , Neuhofer Daniela N. , Griffin William C. , Siegel Griffin S. , Bobadilla Ana-Clara , Kupchik Yonatan M. , Kalivas Peter W. 
Published: December 2016

Distinct populations of D1- and D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-/D2-MSNs) comprise the nucleus accumbens, and activity in D1-MSNs promotes, whereas activity in D2-MSNs inhibits, motivated behaviors. We used chemogenetics to extend D1-/D2-MSN cell specific regulation to cue-reinstated cocaine seeking in a mouse model of self-administration and relapse, and found that either increasing activity in D1-MSNs or decreasing activity in D2-MSNs augmented cue-induced reinstatement. Both D1- and D2-MSNs provide substantial GABAergic innervation to the ventral pallidum, and chemogenetic inhibition of ventral pallidal neurons blocked the augmented reinstatement elicited by chemogenetic regulation of either D1- or D2-MSNs. Because D1- and D2-MSNs innervate overlapping populations of ventral pallidal neurons, we next used optogenetics to examine whether changes in synaptic plasticity in D1- versus D2-MSN GABAergic synapses in the ventral pallidum could explain the differential regulation of VP activity. In mice trained to self-administer cocaine, GABAergic LTD was abolished in D2-, but not in D1-MSN synapses. A μ opioid receptor antagonist restored GABA currents in D2-, but not D1-MSN synapses of cocaine-trained mice, indicating that increased enkephalin tone on presynaptic μ opioid receptors was responsible for occluding the LTD. These results identify a behavioral function for D1-MSN innervation of the ventral pallidum, and suggest that losing LTDGABAin D2-MSN, but not D1-MSN input to ventral pallidum may promote cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMore than 90% of ventral striatum is composed of two cell types, those expressing dopamine D1 or D2 receptors, which exert opposing roles on motivated behavior. Both cell types send GABAergic projections to the ventral pallidum and were found to differentially promote cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking via the ventral pallidum. Furthermore, after cocaine self-administration, synaptic plasticity was selectively lost in D2, but not D1 inputs to the ventral pallidum. The selective impairment in D2 afferents may promote the influence of D1 inputs to drive relapse to cocaine seeking.
Excitatory Hindbrain–Forebrain Communication Is Required for Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia and Weight Loss
Authors: Alhadeff Amber L. , Holland Ruby A. , Zheng Huiyuan , Rinaman Linda , Grill Harvey J. , De Jonghe Bart C. 
Published: December 2016

Cisplatin chemotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer despite severe energy balance side effects. In rats, cisplatin activates nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) projections to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) projections from the lPBN to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). We demonstrated previously that CeA glutamate receptor signaling mediates cisplatin-induced anorexia and body weight loss. Here, we used neuroanatomical tracing, immunofluorescence, and confocal imaging to demonstrate that virtually all NTS→lPBN and lPBN→CeA CGRP projections coexpress vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), providing evidence that excitatory projections mediate cisplatin-induced energy balance dysregulation. To test whether lPBN→CeA projection neurons are required for cisplatin-induced anorexia and weight loss, we inhibited these neurons chemogenetically using a retrograde Cre-recombinase-expressing canine adenovirus-2 in combination with Cre-dependent inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusive Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) before cisplatin treatment. Inhibition of lPBN→CeA neurons attenuated cisplatin-induced anorexia and body weight loss significantly. Using a similar approach, we additionally demonstrated that inhibition of NTS→lPBN neurons attenuated cisplatin-induced anorexia and body weight loss significantly. Together, our data support the view that excitatory hindbrain–forebrain projections are necessary for cisplatin's untoward effects on energy intake, elucidating a key neuroanatomical circuit driving pathological anorexia and weight loss that accompanies chemotherapy treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChemotherapy treatments are commonly used to treat cancers despite accompanying anorexia and weight loss that may limit treatment adherence and reduce patient quality of life. Strikingly, we lack a neural understanding of, and effective treatments for, chemotherapy-induced anorexia and weight loss. The current data characterize the excitatory nature of neural projections activated by cisplatin in rats and reveal the necessity of specific hindbrain–forebrain projections for cisplatin-induced anorexia and weight loss. Together, these findings help to characterize the neural mechanisms mediating cisplatin-induced anorexia, advancing opportunities to develop better-tolerated chemotherapies and adjuvant therapies to prevent anorexia and concurrent nutritional deficiencies during cancer treatment.
Un acercamiento al origen de la noción de urbanismo
Authors: Castillo-Poveda Manuel Alejandro 
Published: December 2016

ResumenEl presente trabajo abarca el origen, desarrollo y perspectivas atinentes a la noción de lo urbano, así como del urbanismo. Bajo este tópico se llevará a cabo un análisis espacio-temporal sobre las nociones que han gozado de mayor relevancia en la historia dentro de este ámbito de estudio. Por último, se discutirá la política inmersa en el mismo, así como su adecuada utilización. AbstractThis paper covers the origin, development and perspectives pertaining to the notion of urban matters, and urban planning. Also, on this topic will carry out a time-space analysis of the notions that have enjoyed more relevance in the history within this field of study. Finally, the policy immersed therein and their proper use, are discussed.
Mezcla y Uso
Authors: Chaverri Peralta Felipe 
Published: December 2016

Presentación“Mezcla y Uso” plantea la generación de usos mixtos comerciales de carácter barrial. El proyecto se ubica en la cuadra norte, adyacente a la estación del Pacífico y al oeste del parque del barrio Pacífico de ciudad de San Jose´. La utilización literal de vagones apela al imaginario del sitio y, a raíz de su configuración longitudinal, se comienza a formular un proyecto en función de los vanos que se generan entre vagones llenos y vacíos (solamente estructura del vagón). Presentation“Mix and Use” promotes the generation of commercial mixed-use with neighborhood character. The project is located in the adjacent north block of the Pacific Train Station and at the west of the Pacific neighborhood Park in the center of San José. The literal use of train cars appeals to the collective imaginary of the site and, following its longitudinal configuration, it begins to formulate a project based on the openings that are generated between full and empty wagons (only wagon structure).