bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia excretion in mytilid mussels is facilitated by ciliary beating
Authors: Thomsen J. , Himmerkus N. , Holland N. , Sartoris F. J. , Bleich M. , Tresguerres M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The excretion of nitrogenous waste products in the form of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) is a fundamental process in aquatic organisms. For mytilid bivalves, little is known about the mechanisms and sites of excretion. This study investigated the localization and the mechanisms of ammonia excretion in mytilid mussels. An Rh protein was found to be abundantly expressed in the apical cell membrane of the plicate organ, which was previously described as a solely respiratory organ. The Rh protein was also expressed in the gill, although at significantly lower concentrations, but was not detectable in mussel kidney. Furthermore, NH3/NH4+ was not enriched in the urine, suggesting that kidneys are not involved in active NH3/NH4+ excretion. Exposure to elevated seawater pH of 8.5 transiently reduced NH3/NH4+ excretion rates, but they returned to control values following 24 h acclimation. These mussels had increased abundance of V-type H+-ATPase in the apical membranes of plicate organ cells; however, NH3/NH4+ excretion rates were not affected by the V-type H+-ATPase specific inhibitor concanamycin A (100 nmol l−1). In contrast, inhibition of ciliary beating with dopamine and increased seawater viscosity significantly reduced NH3 excretion rates under control pH (8.0). These results suggest that NH3/NH4+ excretion in mytilid mussels takes place by passive NH3 diffusion across respiratory epithelia via the Rh protein, facilitated by the water current produced for filter feeding, which prevents accumulation of NH3 in the boundary layer. This mechanism would be energy efficient for sessile organisms, as they already generate water currents for filter feeding.
Bounds and extremal domains for Robin eigenvalues with negative boundary parameter
Authors: Antunes Pedro R. S. , Freitas Pedro , Krejčiřík David 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We present some new bounds for the first Robin eigenvalue
with a negative boundary parameter. These
include the constant volume problem, where the bounds are based on the shrinking coordinate method,
and a proof that in the fixed perimeter case the disk maximises the first eigenvalue for all values
of the parameter.
This is in contrast with what happens in the constant area problem, where
the disk is the maximiser only for small values of the boundary parameter. We also present sharp
upper and lower bounds for the first eigenvalue of the ball
and spherical shells.
These results are complemented by the numerical optimisation of
the first four and two eigenvalues
in two and three dimensions, respectively,
and an evaluation of the quality of the upper bounds obtained.
We also study the bifurcations from the ball as the boundary parameter
becomes large (negative).
The Effect of Wet Underwater Welding on Cold Cracking Susceptibility of Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Łabanowski J. , Prokop-Strzelczyńska K. , Rogalski G. , Fydrych D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The present work was conducted to assess the weldability of duplex stainless steel in underwater conditions. Metal manual arc welding (MMA) with the use of coated electrodes was used in the investigations. Tekken weldability tests were performed underwater at 0.5 m depth and in the air. Nondestructive tests, metallographic examinations of welds, ferrite content assessment in microstructure and hardness test were performed. The good weldability at underwater conditions of duplex stainless with the use of MMA method was confirmed, however difficulties in stable arc burning were revealed.
Method and Device for Speed Change by the Epicyclic Gear Train with Stepped-Planet Gear Set
Authors: Malashchenko Volodymyr , Strilets Oleh , Strilets Volodymyr 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article describes new method and device for continuously variable speed change management via compound epicyclic gearing with composite planet gears and closed circuit hydrosystem, when the speed control element is either outer ring gear (annulus) or the carrier or sun gear. In each case, the control element connected to closed circuit hydrosystem and can be in motion or immovable depending on the bandwidth of hydrosystem’s regulating throttle. We had held theoretical research and received graphic dependences between velocities of driving, control and driven elements by means of computer programing.
Systematic palaeontology of the Perisphinctoidea in the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary interval at Le Chouet (Drôme, France), and its implications for biostratigraphy
Authors: Frau Camille , Bulot Luc G. , Wimbledon William A.P. , Ifrim Christina 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study describes ammonite taxa of the Perisphinctoidea in the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary interval at Le Chouet (Drôme, France). Emphasis is placed on new and poorly known Himalayitidae, Neocomitidae and Olcostephanidae from the lower part of the Jacobi Zoneauctorum. Significant results relate the introduction ofLopezicerasgen. nov., grouping himalayitid-like forms with two rows of tubercles, andPraedalmasicerasgen. nov., grouping the early BerriasianDalmasicerastaxa. Study of the ontogenetic sequences of both genera show that they were derived from late Tithonian Himalayitidae. This supports the distinction between the subfamilies Himalayitinae and Dalmasiceratidae subfam. nov. Content, variation, dimorphism and vertical range of the NeocomitidaeBerriasella,Pseudoneocomites,ElenaellaandDelphinellaare discussed. A conservative use of the OlcostephanidaePronicerasis followed herein.
Alienation of the Jensen, Cauchy and d’Alembert Equations
Authors: Sobek Barbara 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Let (S, +) be a commutative semigroup, σ : S → S be an endomorphism with σ2 = id and let K be a field of characteristic different from 2. Inspired by the problem of strong alienation of the Jensen equation and the exponential Cauchy equation, we study the solutions f, g : S → K of the functional equation

f
(
x
+
y
)
+
f
(
x
+
σ
(
y
)
)
+
g
(
x
+
y
)
=
2
f
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
g
(
y
)

for

x
,
y
∈
S
.

$$f(x + y) + f(x + \sigma (y)) + g(x + y) = 2f(x) + g(x)g(y)\;\;\;\;{\rm for}\;\;x,y \in S.$$

We also consider an analogous problem for the Jensen and the d’Alembert equations as well as for the d’Alembert and the exponential Cauchy equations.
On the universality for L-functions attached to Maass forms
Authors: Nagoshi Hirofumi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We establish the universality theorem on some region for automorphic L-functions attached to Maass forms for SL(2, ℤ). As is well known, the Ramanujan conjecture is still open for these forms. The universality theorem for the derivatives of those L-functions and some applications are also established.
A Short Presynchronization with PGF2α and GnRH Improves Ovarian Response and Fertility in Lactating Holstein Cows Subjected to a Heatsynch Protocol
Authors: Masoumi Reza , Badiei Aria , Shahneh Ahmad Zare , Kohram Hamid , Dirandeh Essa , Colazo M. G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single injection of Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) combined with or without GnRH before initiation of a Heatsynch protocol (GnRH-7d- PGF2α-2d-EB-1d-AI) on ovarian response and fertility in lactating Holstein cows. A total of 252 cows with a corpus luteum (CL; ≥10 mm) were assigned to one of three synchronization groups; 1 - Control (n=84), cows received two injections of PGF2α 14 days apart; 2 - Heatsynch with GnRH (PGH, n=88) the cows received PGF2α followed by GnRH four days later and then a Heatsynch protocol was initiated eight days after GnRH treatment; and 3 - Heatsynch without GnRH (PH, n=80) cows received a single injection of PGF2α followed by a Heatsynch protocol initiated 12 days after PGF2α. Cows detected in estrus were inseminated approximately 12 h after onset of estrus. Ovarian response and pregnancy diagnosis were determined by ultrasonography during the synchronization protocol and 30 days after AI, respectively. Results showed the percentage of cows with plasma P4≤0.4 ng/mL at AI were greater in PGH group compared to other groups (90.3 vs. 75.0%, P=0.03). The percentage of cows that ovulated in response to the GnRH injection of Heatsynch was affected (P<0.01) by synchronization protocol, because PGH cows were more likely to ovulate (77.2%) than PH (56.0%) cows. The proportion of cows displaying estrus was greater in PGH (70.4%) and PH (72.5%) groups compared with control (47.0%, P=0.04). Percentage of cows pregnant at 30 days after AI was (P=0.01) affected by synchronization treatment and was greater in PGH (45.16%) compared to control (25.0%) and PH (34.48%) groups. In summary, a short presynchronization that includes an injection of PGF2α and four days later GnRH increased fertility in Holstein cows subjected to a Heatsynch protocol. The enhanced fertility was due to a greater ovulatory response to GnRH of Heatsynch, more adequate plasma P4 concentrations during follicle development and a greater luteal regression following PGF2α prior to AI.
Phenology of fish spawning in two lakes that are heated to different degrees
Authors: Kapusta Andrzej , Bogacka-Kapusta Elżbieta 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the results of studies on the phenology of the spawning of fish in two lakes with different degrees of heated waters. The studies performed indicated that heating the waters distinctly hastened fish spawning in comparison to the same species of fish inhabiting waters with normal thermal conditions. Spawning usually occurred two to three weeks earlier in the heated Lake Licheńskie than it did in Lake Ślesińskie, which has waters with a natural thermal regime. Additionally, it was noted that fish spawning lasted longer in waters with higher temperatures.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of kinesiotaping in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness of the biceps brachii
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Oko Beata , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Białoszewski Dariusz 
Published: August 2016

Summary
biological regeneration in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of lymphatic kinesiotaping in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness of biceps brachii.

Material and methods: The study included 34 women, aged 18–27. In the test group of patients (n = 17) a lymphatic KT application was used. All of the women performed the arm strength trial (with IPFT) and arm muscle training (with a repeat of the trial 5 times 60–80% max). Other study tools used were an sEMG, VAS (pain assessment) and the Borg scale (subjective assessment of the intensity of effort). The measurements (arm muscles strength, sEMG, pain intensity, exercise intensity) were repeated at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after performing the exercise.

Results: The weakest results for the arm strength test were recorded in the second measurement in the test group, and in the third measurement in the control group. The pain level declared in the first measurement was similar in both groups. In the third measurement (48 hours after the exercise), the level of pain in the test group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the control group.

Discussion: The kinesiotaping method can assist in reducing delayed muscle soreness, which was confirmed by the results of the tests. However, there is no evidence about the impact of specific types of KT applications on the reduction of the DOMS symptoms.
Reference values for the sprint performance in male football players aged from 9–35 years
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Knechtle Beat , Clemente Filipe , Torres-Luque Gema 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Study aim: The aim of the present study was twofold: firstly, to examine the effect of age on a 20 m sprint performance; and secondly, to establish normative data for the 20 m sprint performance by age in football players.

Material and methods: The anthropometric characteristics of 474 football players (aged 16.81 ± 5.35 yrs, range 9.02–35.41 yrs) were examined and their 20 m sprint performance (with 0–10 and 10–20 m splits) was monitored by a photocell system (Brower Timing Systems, Utah, USA).

Results: A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the yearly age groups with regards to the sprint time (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.584), as well as the 0–10 m (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.361) and 10–20 m split times (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.635). The older groups scored better than the younger groups. The time attained in the 20 m sprint, and the 0–10 m and 10–20 m splits correlated moderately to largely with the athlete’s age (r = –0.53, –0.40 and –0.57, respectively, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: In summary, the speed ability of the football players improved with age until 15 years old, where it reached its peak. On the other hand, the other age groups U16 to U35 revealed no major differences in the speed over a 20 m sprint. The reference values presented in this study might help football coaches and fitness trainers in monitoring training and in the selection of players. Moreover, since this is the first study of this kind to compare adult age groups, sport scientists focusing on relevant topics might use it as a reference in future studies.
The influence of CYP2C8*3 on carbamazepine serum concentration in epileptic pediatric patients
Authors: Milovanovic DD , Milovanovic JR , Radovanovic M , Radosavljevic I , Obradovic S , Jankovic S , Milovanovic D , Djordjevic N 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of CYP2C8 variants *3 and *5, as well as their effect on carbamazepine pharmacokinetic properties, in 40 epileptic pediatric patients on carbamazepine treatment. Genotyping was conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and allele-specific (AS)-PCR methods, and steady-state carbamazepine plasma concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The CYP2C8 *3 and *5 polymorphisms were found at frequencies of 17.5 and 0.0%, respectively. After dose adjustment, there was a difference in daily dose in CYP2C8*3 carriers compared to non carriers [mean ± standard deviation (SD): 14.19 ± 5.39 vs. 15.46 ± 4.35 mg/kg; p = 0.5]. Dose-normalized serum concentration of carbamazepine was higher in CYP2C8*3 (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 0.18 vs. 0.43 ± 0.11 mg/mL, p = 0.04), and the observed correlation between weight-adjusted carbamazepine dose and carbamazepine concentration after dose adjustment was significant only in CYP2C8*3 non carriers (r = 0.52, p = 0.002). However, the population pharmacokinetic analysis failed to demonstrate any significant effect of CYP2C8 *3 polymorphism on carbamazepine clearance [CL L/h = 0.215 + 0.0696*SEX+ 0.000183*DD]. The results indicated that the CYP2C8*3 polymorphism might not be of clinical importance for epilepsy treatment in pediatric populations.
Association of the MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism with idiopathic male infertility in a local Pakistani population
Authors: Irfan M , Ismail M , Azhar Beg M , Shabbir A , Rashid Kayani A , Kaukab Raja G 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The present study determined an association between idiopathic sperm disorders in a local Pakistani infertile male population and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. After ruling out non genetic factors, a total of 437 idiopathic infertile men including 57 azoospermic, 66 oligospermic, 44 asthenozoospermic, 29 teratozoospermic, 20 oligoasthenospermic and 221 infertile normospermic men were recruited. Furthermore, 218 normospermic fertile men, who had two children (or more) were included as controls. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to determine MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism. A significant association of the minor MTHFR 677T allele with male infertility was observed (p <0.05). In addition, men with MTHFR 677 CT and TT genotypes were at a greater risk [odds ratio (OR): 1.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.17-2.80, p = 0.008 and OR: 9.24, 95% CI: 1.20-70.92, p = 0.032, respectively] of infertility. All the subgroups of male infertility (azoospermic, oligospermic, asthenospermic, oligoasthenoteratospermic (OAT) and normospermic infertile) had significantly (p <0.05) higher frequencies of CT and TT genotypes when compared to fertile men. The combined genotypes (CT + TT) were also found significantly (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.31-3.08, p <0.001) associated with male infertility. The results suggest that the polymorphism might be a factor of male infertility in the Pakistani population.
PECAM-1gene polymorphism (rs668) and subclinical markers of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Popović D , Nikolajević Starčević J , Šantl Letonja M , Makuc J , Cokan Vujkovac A , Reschner H , Bregar D , Petrovič D 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) plays an important role in many inflammatory processes, including the development of atherosclerosis. Polymorphism rs668 of thePECAM-1gene (373C/G) is functional, and it was reported to be associated with increased serum levels of PECAM-1. We investigated the association between the rs668 polymorphism of PECAM-1 and subclinical markers of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Five hundred and ninety-five T2DM subjects and 200 control subjects were enrolled. The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque characteristics (presence and structure) were assessed ultrasonographically. Biochemical analyses were performed using standard biochemical methods. Geno-typing of thePECAM-1gene polymorphism (rs668) was performed using KASPar assays. The control examinations were performed 3.8 ± 0.5 years after the initial examination. Higher CIMT was found in patients with T2DM in comparison with subjects without T2DM. Statistically sig-nificantly faster progression of the atherosclerotic markers was shown in subjects with T2DM in comparison with the control group. When adjusted to other risk factors, the rs668 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of carotid plaques in subjects with T2DM. We concluded that our study demonstrated a minor effect of the rs668 PECAM-1 on markers of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with T2DM.
Neuroradiological, neurophysiological and molecular findings in infantile Krabbe disease: two case reports
Authors: Vargiami E , Papathanasiou E , Batzios S , Kyriazi M , Dimitriou E , Anastasiou A , Michelakakis H , Giese A-K , Zafeiriou DI 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder due to a defect of the lysosomal enzyme β-galactocerebrosidase (β-GALC). Depending on the age of onset, the disease is classified into infantile and later-onset forms. We report neuroradiological, neurophysiological and molecular findings in two Greek patients with the infantile form of Krabbe disease. The index patients presented at the age of 3.5 and 6 months, respectively, due to developmental delay. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the first patient’s brain demonstrated signs of leukodystrophy, while nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) were significantly decreased. The second patient’s MRI at the age of 4 months was initially normal, but at 18 months demonstrated leukodystrophic alterations as well, whereas NCVs were also significantly delayed. In both patients, a severe decrease in β-GALC, activity supported the diagnosis of Krabbe disease, while the final diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Two homozygous mutations of the GALC gene, the c.411_413delTAA [p.K139del] mutation in the first patient, and the c.749T>C [p.I250T] mutation in the second patient, were identified. At their last follow-up visit at the age of 4 and 6 years, respectively, both patients were bedridden and quadri-plegic, suffering from frequent respiratory tract infections and fed through a gastrostomy. Both mutations found in homozygosity in these two unrelated patients of Greek ancestry, could pinpoint a common origin. Genotyping of patients with Krabbe disease is important, in order to contribute to the creation of a European mutation database and to further study possible genotype-phenotype correlations of the disease.
The Development of Mental Health Policies in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic since 1989
Authors: Dobiášová Karolína , Tušková Eva , Hanušová Pavla , Angelovská Olga , Ježková Monika 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article aims to describe the key events in the development of mental health care policies after 1990 in the two countries and identify the main reasons for stagnation or incremental changes to the institutional setting in the field of mental health care. The process of mental health care reform is explained using the framework of historical institutionalism. The explanation shows that the lack of political interest in combination with the tradition of institutional care resulted in poor availability of psychiatric care, outdated network of inpatient facilities and critical lack of community care facilities in both countries. Even though Slovak Republic adopted national programme at the governmental level, it still struggles with its implementation. The ongoing reform attempt in the Czech Republic may bring some change, thanks to a new approach towards strategic governance of the mental health care system and the mechanism of layering that the promoters of the reform use.
Numerical modelling of a stoker furnace operated under indirect co-firing of biomass
Authors: Litka Rafał , Kalisz Sylwester 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The subject of the CFD analysis presented in this paper is the process of biomass indirect co-firing carried out in a system composed of a stoker-fired furnace coupled with a gasification reactor. The installation is characterised by its compact structure, which makes it possible to minimise heat losses to the environment and enhance the physical enthalpy of the oxidising agent – flue gases – having a favourable chemical composition with oxygen and water vapour. The test results provided tools for modelling of biomass thermal processing using a non-standard oxidiser in the form of flue gases. The obtained models were used to optimise the indirect co-combustion process to reduce emissions. An overall effect of co-combustion of gas from biomass gasification in the stoker furnace is the substantial reduction in NO emissions by about 22%.