bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective LPS Adsorption Using Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber Cartridges in Sepsis Patients Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Yaroustovsky Michael , Abramyan Marina , Komardina Ekaterina , Nazarova Helen , Popov Dmitrii , Plyushch Marina , Soldatkina Alina , Rogalskaya Ekaterina 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Sepsis remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. The extracorporeal therapy in the complex treatment of sepsis seems to be the most promising direction. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of selective endotoxin adsorption on the basis of the analysis of our own experience with the intensive therapy for sepsis in adult cardiac surgical patients. Our single-center study included 143 patients with sepsis. One hundred and three adult patients received lipopolysaccharide adsorption procedures using Toraymyxin-PMX-20R columns. The historical control group included 30 adult patients received only conservative therapy, and 10 children (6.2–14 kg) received hemoperfusion with Toraymyxin-PMX-0.5R. After the lipopolysaccharide-adsorption course, we noted improving of the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. A favorable effect of hemoperfusion was a decrease procalcitonin and endotoxin activity assay, expressed by changes of leukocytosis, a normalization of body temperature. The 28-day survival was 53% in the study group and 30% in the control group (P = 0.037). The 28-day survival of children who received selective hemoperfusion was 90%. Our own experience with the use of selective hemoperfusion in a fairly large group of cardiovascular patients with sepsis showed the safety and efficacy of these procedures.
Clinical and Oculographic Analysis of Inferior Oblique Myokymia
Authors: Jang Ji-Yeong , Jeon Hyeshin , Choi Seo-Young , Choi Jae-Hwan , Choi Kwang-Dong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
A 63-year-old man experienced transient vertical oscillopsia lasting several seconds for 2 months. Examination disclosed paroxysmal excyclotorsion of the right eye, spontaneously or triggered by adduction. Eye movements using 3D video-oculography showed intermittent, monocular phasic movements which consisted of excyclotorsion of the right eye mixed with a small amount of supraduction and abduction, and a tonic movement with excyclotorsion and slight elevation. Orbital and brain MRI was unremarkable. Administration of oxcarbazepine markedly decreased the severity and frequency of the episodes. The oculographic characteristics in our patient may indicate that inferior oblique myokymia may be attributed to aberrant, spontaneous discharges in the inferior oblique motor unit.
Laughter-Induced Transient Vision Loss in a Patient With Silent Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Reggie Sara N. , Kalyam Krishna , Holds John B. , Chung Sophia M. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
To report a patient with silent sinus syndrome (SSS) who experienced transient ipsilateral monocular vision loss during intense laughter.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
Our patient's transient vision loss completely resolved after maxillary sinus decompression and during 7 months of follow-up.

Conclusions:
Although the precise mechanism of our patient's vision loss remains undetermined, we suspect that the vascular supply to the eye and/or the optic nerve was compromised as the result of the combination of laughter (causing Valsalva maneuver and increased intrathoracic pressure) and SSS.
International Consensus Statement on the Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Carelli Valerio , Carbonelli Michele , de Coo Irenaeus F. , Kawasaki Aki , Klopstock Thomas , Lagrèze Wolf A. , La Morgia Chiara , Newman Nancy J. , Orssaud Christophe , Pott Jan Willem R. , Sadun Alfredo A. , van Everdingen Judith , Vignal-Clermont Catherine , Votruba Marcela , Yu-Wai-Man Patrick , Barboni Piero 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is currently estimated as the most frequent mitochondrial disease (1 in 27,000–45,000). Its molecular pathogenesis and natural history is now fairly well understood. LHON also is the first mitochondrial disease for which a treatment has been approved (idebenone–Raxone, Santhera Pharmaceuticals) by the European Medicine Agency, under exceptional circumstances because of the rarity and severity of the disease. However, what remains unclear includes the optimal target population, timing, dose, and frequency of administration of idebenone in LHON due to lack of accepted definitions, criteria, and general guidelines for the clinical management of LHON. To address these issues, a consensus conference with a panel of experts from Europe and North America was held in Milan, Italy, in 2016. The intent was to provide expert consensus statements for the clinical and therapeutic management of LHON based on the currently available evidence. We report the conclusions of this conference, providing the guidelines for clinical and therapeutic management of LHON.
Linking nitrogen load to the structure and function of wetland soil and rhizosphere microbial communities
Authors: Hester Eric R , Harpenslager Sarah F. , van Diggelen Josepha MH , Lamers Leon L , Jetten Mike SM , Lüke Claudia , Lücker Sebastian , Welte Cornelia U 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWetland ecosystems are important reservoirs of biodiversity and significantly contribute to emissions of the greenhouse gases CO2, N2O and CH4. High anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs from agriculture and fossil fuel combustion have been recognized as a severe threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning such as control of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore it is important to understand how increased N input into pristine wetlands affects the composition and activity of micro-organisms, especially in interaction with dominant wetland plants. In a series of incubations analyzed over 90 days, we disentangle the effects of N fertilization on the microbial community in bulk soil and the rhizosphere ofJuncus acutiflorus, a common and abundant graminoid wetland plant. We observed an increase in greenhouse gas emissions when N is increased in incubations withJ. acutiflorus, changing the system from a greenhouse gas sink to a source. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics, we determined that the bacterial orders Opitutales, Subgroup-6 Acidobacteria and Sphingobacteriales significantly responded to high N availability and we hypothesize that these groups are contributing to the increased greenhouse gas emissions. These results indicated that increased N input leads to shifts in microbial activity within the rhizosphere, severely altering N cycling dynamics. Our study provides a framework for connecting environmental conditions of wetland bulk and rhizosphere soil to the structure and metabolic output of microbial communities.
Ixodes scapularisdoes not harbor a stable midgut microbiome
Authors: Ross Benjamin D. , Hayes Beth , Radey Matthew C. , Lee Xia , Josek Tanya , Bjork Jenna , Neitzel David , Paskewitz Susan , Chou Seemay , Mougous Joseph D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHard ticks of the order Ixodidae serve as vectors for numerous human pathogens, including the causative agent of Lyme DiseaseBorrelia burgdorferi. Tick-associated microbes can influence pathogen colonization, offering the potential to inhibit disease transmission through engineering of the tick microbiota. Here, we investigate whetherB. burgdorferiencounters abundant bacteria within the midgut of wild adultIxodes scapularis, its primary vector. Through the use of controlled sequencing methods and confocal microscopy, we find that the majority of field-collected adultI. scapularisharbor limited internal microbial communities that are dominated by endosymbionts. A minority ofI. scapularisticks harbor abundant midgut bacteria and lackB. burgdorferi. We find that the lack of a stable resident midgut microbiota is not restricted toI. scapularissince extension of our studies toI. pacificus, Amblyomma maculatum, andDermacentorspp showed similar patterns. Finally, bioinformatic examination of theB. burgdorferigenome revealed the absence of genes encoding known interbacterial interaction pathways, a feature unique to theBorreliagenus within the phylumSpirochaetes. Our results suggest that reduced selective pressure from limited microbial populations within ticks may have facilitated the evolutionary loss of genes encoding interbacterial competition pathways fromBorrelia.
Evolving building blocks of rhythm: How human cognition creates music via cultural transmission
Authors: Ravignani Andrea , Thompson Bill , Grossi Thomas , Delgado Tania , Kirby Simon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMusical rhythm, in all its cross-cultural diversity, exhibits several commonalities across world cultures. Traditionally, music research has been split in two fields. Some scientists focused on musicality, namely the human biocognitive predispositions for music, with an emphasis on cross-cultural similarities. Other scholars investigated music, seen as cultural product, focusing on the large variation in world musical cultures. Recent experiments found deep connections between music and musicality, reconciling these opposing views. Here we address the question of how individual cognitive biases affect the process of cultural evolution of music. Data from two experiments is analyzed using two different, complementary techniques. In the experiments, participants hear drumming patterns and imitate them. These patterns are then given to the same or another participant to imitate. The structure of these - initially random - patterns is tracked down to later experimental ‘generations’. Frequentist statistics show how participants’ biases are amplified by cultural transmission, making drumming patterns more structured. Structure is achieved faster than in transmission within, rather than between, participants. A Bayesian model approximates the motif structures participants learned and created. Overall, our data and model show that individual biases for musicality play a central role in shaping cultural transmission of musical rhythm.
When less is more: Enhanced statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies after disruption of bilateral DLPFC
Authors: Ambrus Géza Gergely , Vékony Teodóra , Janacsek Karolina , Trimborn Anna B. C. , Kovács Gyula , Nemeth Dezso 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBrain networks related to human learning can interact in cooperative but also competitive ways to optimize performance. The investigation of such interactive processes is rare in research on learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that manipulations reducing the engagement of prefrontal cortical areas could lead to improved statistical learning performance. However, no study has investigated how disruption of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) affects the acquisition and consolidation of non-adjacent second-order dependencies. The present study aimed to test the role of the DLPFC, more specifically, the Brodmann 9 area in implicit temporal statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies. We applied 1 Hz inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation or sham stimulation over both the left and right DLPFC intermittently during the learning. The DLPFC-stimulated group showed better performance compared to the sham group after a 24-hour consolidation period. This finding suggests that the disruption of DLPFC during learning induces qualitative changes in the consolidation of non-adjacent statistical regularities. A possible mechanism behind this result is that the stimulation of the DLPFC promotes a shift to model-free learning by weakening the access to model-based processes.
Swarmer cell development of the bacteriumProteus mirabilisrequires the conserved ECA biosynthesis gene,rffG
Authors: Little Kristin , Tipping Murray J. , Gibbs Karine A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIndividual cells of the bacteriumProteus mirabiliscan elongate up to 40-fold on surfaces before engaging in a cooperative surface-based motility termed swarming. How cells regulate this dramatic morphological remodeling remains an open question. In this paper, we move forward the understanding of this regulation by demonstrating thatP. mirabilisrequires the generffGfor swarmer cell elongation and subsequent swarm motility. TherffGgene encodes a protein homologous to the dTDP-glucose 4,6 dehydratase protein ofEscherichia coli, which contributes to Enterobacterial Common Antigen biosynthesis. Here we characterize therffGgene inP. mirabilis, demonstrating that it is required for the production of large lipopolysaccharide-linked moieties necessary for wild-type cell envelope integrity. We show that absence of therffGgene induces several stress-responsive pathways including those controlled by the transcriptional regulators RpoS, CaiF, and RcsB. We further show that inrffG-deficient cells, suppression of the Rcs phosphorelay, via loss of RcsB, is sufficient to induce cell elongation and swarm motility. However, loss of RcsB does not rescue cell envelope integrity defects and instead results in abnormally shaped cells, including cells producing more than two poles. We conclude that a RcsB-mediated response acts to suppress emergence of shape defects in cell envelope-compromised cells, suggesting an additional role for RcsB in maintaining cell morphology under stress conditions. We further propose that the composition of the cell envelope acts as a checkpoint before cells initiate swarmer cell elongation and motility.Importance statementP. mirabilisswarm motility has been implicated in pathogenesis. We have found that cells deploy multiple uncharacterized strategies to handle cell envelope stress beyond the Rcs phosphorelay when attempting to engage in swarm motility. While RcsB is known to directly inhibit the master transcriptional regulator for swarming, we have shown an additional role for RcsB in protecting cell morphology. These data support a growing appreciation that the Rcs phosphorelay is a multi-functional regulator of cell morphology in addition to its role in microbial stress responses. These data also strengthen the paradigm that outer membrane composition is a crucial checkpoint for modulating entry into swarm motility. Furthermore, therffG-dependent moieties provide a novel, attractive target for potential antimicrobials.
No value-in-itself in About and on Behalf of Scriptum Est
Authors: Suominen Vesa 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to comment on Steven Laporte’s review of About and on Behalf of Scriptum Est by Suominen with the aim of clarifying conceptual confusions related to the notion of constitutive and the notion of value-in-itself in the review.

Design/methodology/approach
The notion of constitutive as it appears in the reviewed monograph and Laporte’s reasoning around the notion of value-in-itself as challenges to are discussed and their differences are analyzed.

Findings
The notion of value-in-itself appears problematic as the reviewed monograph already claims. The notion of constitutive provides us with a more plausible foundation for challenging the exclusively instrumentality-based views of the rationality of the practice of the library and librarianship. Compared to the notion of constitutive as used here, the notions used by Laporte remain abstract.

Originality/value
The notion of constitutive could be a key notion opening a perspective for conceiving of the historical, cultural, social, and political conditions of being of the humans as the foundation of the rationality of the library and librarianship.
On designing an oral history search system
Authors: Walker Iain , Halvey Martin 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a UK-based assessment of oral history technology and to identify the most important features that should be available in any oral history search system.

Design/methodology/approach
A co-design approach involving interviews and focus groups was adopted. The framework approach with elements of grounded theory was used to analyse transcripts to identify themes.

Findings
The analysis found that “ethics, consent and control”, “accessibility and engagement”, “publicity and awareness”, and “innovative technologies” were the four major themes identified. It was also established that there is limited understanding of oral history in the digital age, numerous interests, ethical concerns, lack of publicity and several key attributes that those designing an oral history search system or archive should strive for. The findings also identified that further exploration into sampling selected technologies on different user groups is required in order to develop software that would benefit the field.

Research limitations/implications
Participants were all recruited from one geographic region. The qualitative methodology utilised could be deemed to have elements of subjectivity.

Practical implications
This study has identified important features of any oral history search system and offered design recommendations for any developer of an oral history search systems.

Originality/value
This research has validated some previous findings for oral history search systems from more limited user studies. New issues for consideration including usability, software development and marketing have also been identified.
Multi-level analysis of institutional formation and change
Authors: Gérard Simon , Legg David , Zintz Thierry 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the multi-level mechanisms of institutional formation and change and, in particular, how this occurs through the interplay of multi-level mechanisms? This is answered with a processual analysis of the International Paralympic Committee which is the international governing body of sports for people with an impairment.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a case-study approach based upon archival records, collected in relevant national and international sport organizations. More than 2,700 pages of archives were gathered, some of them being accessible to researchers for the first time. Embargo was also successfully lifted on recent and sensitive documents.FindingsThis study highlights multi-level mechanisms involved in institutional change processes triggered by a shifting institutional logic at the organizational field level. This paper also shows how field logic shifted at the moment of alignment between the societal, field and organizational levels. Moreover, it underlines how societal discourses influenced processes of institutional change by shaping the range of organizational actions available at the organizational and field levels.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a rare account of institutional change processes in which interplay between the societal, field, and organizational levels is analyzed. Furthermore, this paper provides a longitudinal investigation of an under-researched empirical setting, the Paralympic movement. Finally, this study integrates insights from the disability studies’ research field, which significantly deepens this analysis.
Retracted: Metabolic parameters in psoriatic patients treated with interleukin‐12/23 blockade (ustekinumab)
Authors: Ng Chau Yee , Tzeng I‐Shiang , Liu Su‐Hsun , Chang Ya‐Ching , Huang Yu‐Huei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe associations between psoriasis, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events are increasingly recognized. Studies have shown decreased cardiovascular events with the treatment of methotrexate and anti‐tumor necrosis factor, however, effects of interleukin (IL)‐12/23 blockade remain debatable. Our study investigated the effect of IL‐12/23 blockade on the metabolic parameters in patients with psoriasis. We performed a retrospective cohort study to assess 93 consecutive patients with moderate to severe plaque type psoriasis who received IL‐12/23 blockade (ustekinumab) for 24 weeks between January 2012 and May 2016. Metabolic parameters and disease activity (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI] score) at baseline and 24 weeks of treatment were collected. At week 24, the disease activity improved significantly (P < 0.0001), with a significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conversely, body mass index was significantly elevated in PASI‐75 responders at week 24 of treatment and was independent of disease severity. Fasting sugar and triglyceride levels were also elevated at week 24 in both PASI‐75 responders and PASI‐75 non‐responders. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) remained unchanged. These metabolic parameters were not correlated with the improvement in disease severity after ustekinumab treatment. Nonetheless, the atherogenic index, LDL/HDL ratio and cholesterol/HDL ratio remained unchanged. Male sex and cigarette smoking are predictors of elevated plasma triglyceride levels. Our results suggest that despite tremendous improvement in disease activity after ustekinumab treatment, obesity, fasting sugar and hypertriglyceridemia still present in these patients. Regular screening of lipid profile, obesity control and smoking cessation are advised during the treatment of ustekinumab especially in male psoriatic patients with predisposing cardiovascular risks.
High tolerance of tropical sapling growth and gas exchange to moderate warming
Authors: Slot Martijn , Winter Klaus 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The effects of global warming on tropical forest growth and carbon storage are uncertain. While observations on canopy trees indicate negative correlations between temperature and growth, some seedling studies suggest the opposite. These contrasting results may reflect ontogenetic differences in temperature responses, or differences between the performance of potted plants under controlled conditions and plants under more variable conditions in the field.

To try to bridge the gap between highly controlled experiments on small seedlings and field observations on canopy trees we conducted two sets of outdoor experiments on saplings up to 2.5 m tall; one set to study the effects of night warming, and another set on the effects of day warming. To test the hypothesis that night warming would reduce growth in tropical saplings through stimulation of respiration, we grew the early‐successional species Ochroma pyramidale in large 380‐L soil containers under ambient night‐time temperature and ambient +4.5°C. To test the hypothesis that day warming would reduce growth by reducing photosynthesis we compared plants in multi‐species and single‐species mesocosms rooted in the ground under ambient and passively warmed daytime conditions. In all experiments we monitored growth and measured foliar physiology and plant biomass allocation.

Neither night warming nor day warming significantly affected biomass accumulation and allocation. Height growth increased with night warming in O. pyramidale, but decreased with day warming in late‐successional species. Night warming resulted in acclimation of dark respiration. Day warming resulted in acclimation of photosynthesis in early‐successional species, but warming decreased photosynthesis in late‐successional tree species.

The seedling‐to‐sapling transition is a critical stage in the life of trees. We found no evidence that in this juvenile growth phase moderate increases in mean temperature reduce the performance of tropical trees, although increases in peak daytime temperature may negatively impact photosynthesis, especially in late‐successional species.

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