bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of severe placental invasion
Authors: Wang Yan , Gao Yan , Zhao Yangyu , Chong Yiwen , Chen Yunshan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimPlacental invasion is a life‐threatening obstetric complication. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal ultrasonographic (US) criteria for placenta increta/percreta in order to improve diagnostic accuracy.MethodsIn a retrospective diagnostic study, all 116 patients at Peking University Third Hospital who had been diagnosed with placental invasion from October 2006 to October 2013 were included. Depending on their clinical and/or histopathological diagnosis, the study was divided into two groups: the Placenta Accreta Group (63 cases) and the Placenta Increta/Percreta Group (53 cases). The US images were analyzed for differences between placenta accreta and placenta increta/percreta.ResultsThe sonographic criteria found to have predictive value for placenta increta/percreta using a regression model were: deficiency of retroplacental sonolucent zone and/or segmental retroplacental myometrial thinning less than 1 mm, multiple vascular lacunae presenting a ‘moth hole’ appearance, and placenta previa. Using a cut‐off point of 0.589, the sensitivity and specificity were 81.1% and 77.8%, respectively. The area under the receiver–operator curve was 0.848 (P < 0.001).ConclusionUS diagnosis not only allows the detection of placental invasion, but also facilitates preliminary classification. The three aforementioned criteria facilitate the identification of placenta increta/percreta for precise and comprehensive clinical decision‐making.
Interest of Biotyping Candida albicans in Chronic Vulvovaginitis
Authors: Poirier S. , Auger P. , Joly Jeannine , Steben M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryChronic vulvovaginitis due to Candida albicans is a major clinical problem for the physician. Although new antifungal drugs are now available, the therapeutic approach of this disease remains disappointing. The aims of this study were twofold. First, we wanted to evaluate the reliability of a single sampling performed by most clinicians in verifying if the yeast infects the entire genital mucosa or a preferential site and, second, to biotype the strains recovered in order to see if more than one strain are responsible for the infection. We found, in 18 patients suffering from vaginal candidosis, that the entire genital mucosa was infected by the yeast and the strain recovered from the different genital sites in a single patient was the same in 100% of the cases. Only 1.4% of the samples were negative. In addition, we biotyped the strains obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of these patients to evaluate this site as a potential source of infection. We obtained gastrointestinal tract samples for 15 of the 18 patients and we could identify C. albicans in 100% of the cases. Furthermore, 73.3 % of the patients harboured the same strains of C. albicans in the gastrointestinal tract as in the vagina.
An Autochthonous Phaeohyphomycotic Nail Infection in Canada Caused by Hendersonula toruloidea
Authors: Kane J. , Porretta Mary , Krajden S. , Goldhar J. , Diena B.B. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA case of an autochthonous toenail infection caused by Hendersonula toruloidea is presented. H. toruloidea was characterized by thick, branching septate brown‐walled hyphae of a non‐dermatophyte in microscopic tissue mounts in 25 % Na0H with 5 % glycerol. Cultures grew out on Littman's agar and Sabouraud peptone glucose agar plus chloramphenicol, but only if cycloheximide was not present. In vitro, the H. toruloidea isolate was characterized by copious 1‐to 2‐celled hyaline to dark‐brown arthroconidia deriving from the fragmentation of aerial hyphae. It is likely that more infections due to H. toruloidea will be diagnosed if cycloheximide‐free media are routinely used in the isolation of organisms from suspected dermatophyte infections.
Biotyping of Candida strains with regard to the epidemiology of candidosis. A practical approach
Authors: Tomšiková Alena , Vraná D. , Kotál L. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn 62 strains of Candida albicans cultivated from specimens of patients with recurrent vaginal candidosis or with renal transplants, the biotypes were determined according to several characters: colony morphology, production of chlamydospores, auxanogram of C‐ and N‐substances, zymogram, growth kinetics, adherence capability, proteolytic activity, sensitivity to 6 antimycotics, and serotypes. On the basis of this typing system the endogenous and exogenous sources of chronic vaginal candidosis as well as the sources of systemic candidosis in patients with renal transplants could be evaluated.
Aspergillus species from hospital air and from patients
Authors: Schmitt H. J. , Blevins A. , Sobeck K. , Armstrong D. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDuring a seven month period, 367 molds were isolated from hospital air and 23 from patients. Aspergillus niger accounted for 56% of air isolates, but for only 17% of patient isolates. Aspergillus fumigatus was rarely found in air (0.3%), but was the dominant isolate among our patients (44%). We conclude, that different Aspergillus species may have a varied aptitude to colonize immunocompromised patients.
Systematic control of dermatophytosis profunda of cattle in the former GDR
Authors: Kielstein P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHuman occupational diseases orginated from Trichophyton verrucosum infection of cattle belonged to the most frequent zooanthroponoses since 1960. Morbidity peaks of this human dermatophytosis could be observed in 1970 and 1971 with about 740 cases of occupational diseases per year. The ecological properties of Tr. verrucosum (compulsory monoxenic parasite), the pathogenetic development of bovine dermatophytosis (rising immunity with subsequent elimination of the agent), systematic medical therapy and prophylaxis with griseofulvin and other drugs as well as the application of Tr. verrucosum live vaccines were the preconditions for a successful control of this zooanthroponosis. Since then the number of human and animal diseases could be essentially reduced.
Dermatomycoses and their etiology in the material of the Dermatological Department in Łódź, Poland
Authors: Bienias L. , Włodarczyk Wiesława 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn the period of 1982–1988 mycological examinations were carried out on 4 657 patients suspected of having dermatomycoses. In approximately 60% of patients infections were localized on the feet and hands and in approximately 30% other regions of the glabrous skin were involved. Before treatment, 5 725 examinations were made. The diagnosis was confirmed mycologically in 30% of the cases, most often in tinea cruris (51%) and chronic paronychia (60%). In more than half of the cases the isolated fungi were dermatophytes, the most frequent species being Tr. mentagrophytes, followed by Tr. rubrum and E. floccosum. Among the other fungi, more than 50% were C. albicans and other Candida species.
Systemic candidosis in renal and cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: Tausch Irene , Pertschy J. , Reinke Petra , Ziegler-Böhme Hannelore 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungInfektionen können für Patienten nach Organtransplantationen lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen bedeuten, die nur durch frühzeitige Diagnostik und frühzeitigen Therapiebeginn zu beherrschen sind. Mit Fluconazol (Diflucan®) wurden bei Patienten nach Nieren‐ bzw. Herztransplantation Bute Ergebnisse in der Therapie der Candidose ohne Nebenwirkungen erzielt.
Current Status of Cryptococcosis in Canada
Authors: Sekhon A. S. , Bannerjee S. N. , Mielke B. M. , Idikio H. , Wood G. , Dixon J. M. S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe concurrent use of microscopic, cultural, histopathologic and immunologic procedures enabled us to diagnose 91 cases of cryptococcosis, belonging to cutaneous, pulmonary, meningeal and disseminated types, from the time this mycosis was first reported in Canada in 1953 to the present. These cases occurred predominantly in Quebec (43 %) followed by Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. It is not known whether any Cryptococcus neoformans infections have occurred elsewhere in Canada. The clinical and laboratory findings indicate that infections occurred in debilitated as well as non‐debilitated individuals. Nearly 25 % of the infections were seen in individuals having the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. In some of the AIDS cases, the latex agglutination (LA) test demonstrated exceptionally high titres of circulating cryptococcal antigen (1:256 to 1:32,768). Cr. neoformans infections occurred more commonly in males than in females, and there were 11 fatal cases of cryptococcosis. The incidence of Cr. neoformans in Canada is probably higher than our data suggest because cryptococcosis is not notifiable in Canada and underreporting is likely.
Lipase Activity of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus Species
Authors: Okafor Josephine I. , Gugnani H. C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryTwo isolates of Basidiobolus namely, B. haptosporus (ATCC 36600) and B. ranarum (MHB1), and one isolate of Conidiobolus coronatus (C1) were grown in modified Sierra medium for twelve days. Periodic measurements of their lipase activity showed significant activity of the enzyme from the fourth day with a steady increase up to the twelfth day of incubation. The lipases produced by the three isolates were stable over a wide range of pH (4 – 8) and temperature (30 – 60° C). Maximum lipase activity for B. haptosporus and C. coronatus was at pH 5.0 and that for B. ranarum was at pH 6.0. The three fungi exhibited a peak of activity at the same temperature, i. e. 35° C.
Dermatophytes in Healthy Chilians
Authors: Zaror L. , Aliaga X. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryTo study the presence of dermatophytes in healthy persons, 1060 skin samples from the scalp, complexion, inguinal region and sole were taken from 265 healthy individuals who live in Valdivia, Chile. The carpet technique of Mariat and Tapia was used. The isolated dermatophytes were identified according to Rebell and Taplin. Zoophilic dermatophytes were isolated in only 4.9 % of the healthy individuals. Microsporum canis was found in the scalp and inguinal area of children (1.5 %). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated from the feet and inguinal skin of adults (3.4 %). Measures to avoid a mycosis or/and to reduce the risk of infections are suggested.
Experimental Actinomycetoma Due to Nocardia transvalensis in Laboratory Mice
Authors: Unaogu I. C. , Gugnani H. C. , Ikerionwu S. E. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNocardia transvalensis was investigated for its ability to cause mycetoma in the skin and foot pad of laboratory mice. Freund's incomplete adjuvant appeared to aid the development of mycetoma lesions. The infection manifested itself as palpable nodules under the skin which discharged white to cream coloured pus containing nocardial granules. The lesions in the skin necrotized, while those of foot pad resulted in bone destruction.
Experimental Dermatophytosis in Nude Guinea Pigs Compared with Infections in Pirbright White Animals
Authors: Hänel H. , Braun Bettina , Löschhorn Karin 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWith this investigation we wanted to compare the suitability oftwo different strains of guinea pigs to evaluate topical antifungals after experimental Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection. The “hairless”‐strain was compared with the hairy Pirbright White strain. The infection areas were treated with a skin retention test (application before infection) and two sets of therapy tests (application after infection). In the retention test the different antimycotic compounds led to better gradations. Also, in the two sets of therapy tests the gradations among the compounds were more clearly and more comparable to published results of clinical trials.In the histological investigations the infections in the "hairless" animals developed in a way which is known from dermatophytoses in human skin. In the Pirbright White strain, however, due to the adjacent hair roots, a marked inflammatory reaction of the tissue persisted for 3 weeks which is not observed on human skin of the trunk and extremities. We, therefore, consider the "hairless" strain of guinea pigs to be more suitable than hairy animals for the comparison of topical antimycotics.
Rilopirox ‐ a New Hydroxypyridone Antifungal with Fungicidal Properties
Authors: Raether W. , Hänel H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryRilopirox, 6‐[[p‐chlorophenoxy )phenoxy]methyl]‐1 hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐2(1H)‐pyridone, is a new fungicidal antimycotic with very low water solubility. It was designed to meet the demand for an Intravaginal antifungal with a long skin retention time and a strong killing effect on pathogenic yeasts. In addition, it inhibits all common fungal pathogens in the range 0.98 to 15.6 μg/ml. Fungicidal rates vis‐à‐vis Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans under proliferative and non‐proliferative conditions are higher than those achieved with common azole and allylamine antifungals. Rilopirox is affected by Fe3+ mos and high concentrations of human serum owing to its chelating activity. The peptone source is of utmost importance to the inhibitory activity of rilopirox whereas the pH value seems to be unimportant so long as it is within the range 5‐8.5. Rilopirox appears to meet the demand for an mtravaginal antifungal as a result of its very low water solubility of 50 ng/ ml and its immediate fungicidal action even under non‐proliferative conditions.
Melanin as a virulence factor in pathogenic fungi
Authors: Polak Annemarie 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe pigment melanin is found universally in nature and is attributed to a variety of functions. In some fungi it is thought to play a decisive role in the determination of virulence. This review examines the experimental evidence which has led to an understanding of the mechanisms by which melanin functions in pathogenic fungi, particularly in plant pathogens, in Cryptococcus neoformans and Wangiella dermatitidis.
Liposomal amphotericin B treatment in a 9‐month‐old liver recipient
Authors: Tollemar J. , Duraj F. , Ericzon B. G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA 9‐month‐old boy with a suggested candidemia was treated with liposomal amphotericine B (AmBisome, Vestar) after a liver transplant due to an inherited glycogenosis (Pompe's disease). This is believed to be the youngest patient in which this new therapeutic agent has been utilized.
In vitro antifungal activities of new imidazole salts towards dermatophytes
Authors: Tullio V. , Cuffini A. M. , Carlone N. A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe in vitro activities of two new miconazole and econazole salts with the sulphosalicylic acid against 71 clinical isolates of dermatophytes were evaluated in comparison with those of miconazole, miconazole nitrate, econazole and econazole nitrate. Miconazole sulphosalicylate and econazole sulphosalicylate were equally effective in inhibiting the fungal growth compared with miconazole, econazole, and their nitrates.
Hepatosplenic candidosis ‐ a late manifestation of Candida septicemia
Authors: v. Eiff M. , Fahrenkamp A. , Roos N. , Fegeler W. , van de Loo J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHepatolienal candidosis was diagnosed in 27 patients suffering from malignant hematologic disorders. All patients had received intensive cytostatic chemotherapy and developed septic, antibiotic‐resistant temperatures during severe treatment‐induced neutropenia. During neutropenia hepatic and splenic foci were not identified by imaging procedures. Foci were poorly defined histologically. Blastospores and pseudomycelia were seen in non‐reactive tissue and within necrotic areas in the liver, spleen, and other organs. Only Candida species could be isolated.One to four weeks after granulocyte recovery, round liver and splenic foci were demonstrated by sonographic and CT scans. Histologically, there were necrotic areas with blastospores and pseudohyphae exhibiting different degrees of cellular border reaction. Whereas the maximum diameter of fungal foci in aplasia was 0.4 cm, these increased in size to 1.5 cm after granulocyte regeneration.
Subcutaneous mucormycosis caused by Saksenaea vasiformis in a thalassaemic child: first case report in Thailand
Authors: Tanphaichitr V. S. , Chaiprasert A. , Suvatte V. , Thasnakorn P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA first case of subcutaneous infection caused by Saksenaea vasiformis in an 11‐year‐old Thai thalassaemic boy was described. The specific diagnosis of infection was attained from microscopic demonstration of the causal agent as well as the isolation of the fungus. The patient was successfully treated by debridement of the lesion and parenteral amphotericin B. The predisposing factors, source of infection and regimen for treatment are discussed.
The effects of amorolfine and oxiconazole on the ultrastructure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. A comparison
Authors: Melchinger W. , Polak Annemarie , Müller J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAmorolfine applied in concentrations of 0.1–100 μg ml−1 caused considerable damages to the ultrastructure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes: Electron‐transparent areas appear in the cytoplasma. The cell wall increases in thickness. Extracytoplasmic membrane vesicles are formed and deposited in the cell wall. Starved fungal cells, with normal ultrastructure, can be found. Lysed, dead cells demonstrate the process of final, vigorous ultrastructural damage. The feature of the damage caused by amorolfine is comparable to that effected by azole antifungals. The characteristics of the ultrastructural changes are similar to those due to amorolfine in the yeast species Candida albicans.
The effect of temperature on the ultrastructure of Histoplasma capsulatum during the mycelium‐yeast transition
Authors: Borgia G. , Tallarino A. , Crowell J. , Lambiase A. , Cicciarello S. , Reynaud L. , Nasti G. , Piazza M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe ultrastructural morphology of the early phases of mycelium‐yeast transition in Histoplasma capsulatum after a temperature shift from 25°C to only 34°C is described. Under this condition of lower temperature oxidative phosphorylation is not completely uncoupled and maximum production of heat shock proteins (hsp) occurs. 24 h after temperature shift more than 90 % of the cells still appear vital. Alterations in the organization of the mitochondrial cristae are the only ultrastructural changes observed in these cells. In contrast, 70 % of the cells degenerate 24 h after a temperature shift from 25°C to 37°C and in the remaining cells mitochondria are rarely observed. These observations are discussed in relation to the production of hsp, the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and the virulence of different strains of H. capsulatum.
A case of Candida parapsilosis endocarditis
Authors: Kontou-Kastellanou C. , Leonardopoulos J. , Boniatsi L. , Kastellanos S. , Toutouzas P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe authors report a case of Candida parapsilosis endocarditis in a non‐drug‐addicted young patient who, 6 months before the manifestation of endocarditis, was submitted to cardiac surgery. This is the first report from Greece and the second found in the accessible literature.
Oral carriage of yeasts in two villages in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Clayton Yvonne M. , Richens J. , Saleu G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryOral swabs were taken from 194 subjects in two villages in Papua New Guinea. Yeasts were isolated from 103 (53.1 %) individuals of which 41 (21.1 %) were Candida albicans. A wide variety of other yeasts were also identified.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis protoplast production by enzymatic treatment
Authors: de Moraes Borba Cintia , Meirelles M. N. S. L. , Mendes da Silva A. M. , de Oliveira P. C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe action of the enzymes novozym 234, chitinase and zymolyase 20T on the yeast‐like cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was studied in an attempt to obtain protoplast release. Three enzyme systems were used: the first consisted of novozym 234 and chitinase plus 0.2 m phosphate buffer, 0.9 m sorbitol and 0.5 m sodium thioglycolate; the second consisted of novozym 234, chitinase, zymolyase 20T, buffer and osmotic stabilizer, with no sodium thioglycolate; the third consisted of the same enzymes as used in the second system but at twice the concentration, plus buffer and osmotic stabilizer. Protoplasts were only released from 72‐hold cells cultured on solid peptone‐yeast extract‐glucose medium (PYG) treated with the third enzyme system. Sodium thioglycolate used as pretreatment favoured protoplast release but had no such action when added to the enzyme solution, possibly by altering the activity of the enzymes, novozym 234 in particular. The osmotic stabilizer used, 0.9 m sorbitol, was probably one of the factors, in addition to the enzymes, responsible for the cytoplasmic changes observed by transmission electron microscopy in yeast phase cells and in their protoplasts.
Spiral hyphae of Candida albicans formed in anaerobic culture
Authors: Kaminishi H. , Iwata A. , Tamaki T. , Cho T. , Hagihara Y. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCandida albicans from a patient with dental caries grew on minimal medium consisting of agar supplemented with magnesium chloride and sodium phosphate. Hyphal growth was observed when the yeast was cultured between 26 °C and 28 °C under aerobic conditions, and typical chlamydospores were formed. However, when the yeast was cultured at the same temperature under anaerobic conditions, curly hyphae developed on the surface of the medium, but no chlamydospores were formed. This phenomenon was also observed if the culture was started under aerobic conditions but was continued under anaerobic conditions.
Studies on growth, spore‐forming ability and virulence of the vaccine strain TV‐M‐310 of the vaccine Bioveta against ringworm
Authors: Siesenop Ute , Böhm K. H. , Brandebusemeyer E. , Conrad P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe determined the intensity of growth, the ability to form spores and virulence in guinea pigs of the vaccine strain of the Czech live vaccine Bioveta. Comparative investigations were carried out with the vaccine strain of the Russian live vaccine LTF 130 and Trichophyton verrucosum field strains. Growth of the vaccine strains was faster than growth of the field strains on solid media and in broth. Later the vaccine strains formed many microconidia. In experimentally infected guinea pigs the virulence of the vaccine strain Bioveta was highly dependent on the infectious dose. At 101 CFU m1−1 (according to the number of CFUs in the Russian live vaccine) the vaccine strain Bioveta was nearly avirulent. Resuspended according to the manufacturer's instructions (at least 1010 CFU ml−1) virulence of the vaccine strain Bioveta could be observed.