bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature Field on Formation of Friction Stir Welding Joints of Ti–6Al–4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Yue Yumei , Wen Quan , Ji Shude , Ma Lin , Lv Zan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn order to investigate the formation mechanism of tunnel defect produced near the bottom of stir zone (SZ) in friction stir welding joint of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, the temperature distribution during welding process was analyzed by numerical simulation and experiment. Results show that macrostructure morphology of SZ in cross section presents “bowl” shape owing to the characteristic of temperature distribution. Obvious temperature gradient appears along the thickness direction of joint. Decreasing rotational velocity reduces peak temperature and temperature gradient, which is beneficial to eliminate tunnel defect.
Influence of Ni Additions on the Viscosity of Liquid Al2Cu
Authors: Mudry S. , Vus V. , Yakymovych A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe viscosity of the liquid Al–Cu–Ni alloys has been studied by means of an oscillating crucible method. The activation energy of viscous flow was estimated from temperature dependences of the viscosity. The analysis of concentration dependence of the viscosity across a section Al67Cu33–Ni reveals its negative deviation from the linear dependence. Such behaviour of the viscosity coefficient upon additions of Ni into the liquid Al67Cu33 alloy could be caused by change of the interaction parameters between different structural units in the investigated melts.
The Enhancing Effect of Microwave Irradiation and Ultrasonic Wave on the Recovery of Zinc Sulfide Ores
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhang Libo , Lv Chao , Li Shiwei , Peng Jinhui , Ma Aiyuan , Chen Weiheng , Xie Feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA novel process for the treatment of zinc sulfide ores is discussed in this paper, which consists of two procedures: microwave roasting pretreatment and synergistic chelation. What’s more, the reaction mechanism also has been studied. By comparing XRD patterns before and after roasting, it can be concluded that microwave truly alleviates the reaction energy, and adding Na2O2 avoids the emission of SO2. % recovery of zinc can reaches 72.47 % on conditions of adding Na2O2 25 %, microwave activating temperature 500 °C, holding time 10 min, leaching temperature 40 °C, ultrasonic wave power 1,800 W, leaching time 4.5 h and solid to liquid ratio 10:1 in ammonium chloride solution whose total ammonium concentrate is 7.5 mol/L (c(NH3)T=7.5 mol/L). The molar ratio of NH4Cl and NH3·H2O is 1:1 (c(NH4Cl): c(NH3·H2O)=1:1). The effect of ultrasonic wave power in this process is to shorten reaction time.
The differences in fat accumulation and distribution in female students according to their level of activity
Authors: Stachoń Aleksandra , Pietraszewska Jadwiga , Burdukiewicz Anna , Andrzejewska Justyna 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe appropriate percentage of body fat is essential for women’s health and biological condition. both accumulation of fat and distribution pattern of adipose tissue are connected with health risk, which justifies the investigation and permanent monitoring of their diversity in different sub-populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the percentage of body fat and its distribution in female students representing different physical activity levels.MethodsFat proportion was estimated with use of classic anthropometric method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The distribution of subcutaneous fat was calculated including waist and hip circumferences, and extremities and trunk skinfolds. The participants’ level of physical activity was determined according to the IPAQ questionnaire.ResultsAnalysis showed that female students with medium level of physical activity had 26.5 ± 5.1% of total body fat estimated by BIA, whereas in the most active females almost 3% lower total body fat values were common. The bioelectrical impedance analysis indicated about 8% higher body fat content than classic anthropometry. Examined skinfolds revealed a tendency to decrease with increasing physical activity. The distribution pattern of subcutaneous fat varied according to level of activity.ConclusionsThe study showed that estimation of fat content in young women differed depending on the applied method and the level of physical activity. We emphasize the need to select adequate reference data for measurement methods and consider the level of physical activity during fat percentage assessment. Another conclusion is that the high level of physical activity is connected with masculinization of subcutaneous fat pattern, both in extremities/trunk fat proportion and waist/hip proportion.
Effects of an eleven-week pilates exercise program on progressive-speed walking capacity in sedentary young women: a pilot study
Authors: Rodrigues Alan Queiroz , Martins Fábio Mendonça , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho , Figueiredo Pedro Scheidt , Lima Márcia Oliveira , Vieira Edgar Ramos 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess the effects of an 11-week Pilates exercise program on the functional capacity of young sedentary women.MethodsTen subjects underwent the shuttle walking test. A portable metabolic system was used during the shuttle walking
test to measure the maximum heart rate and VO<sub>2</sub> max. The heart rate recovery and the predicted maximal heart rate were also assessed.ResultsThe findings showed increased walking distance, maximum heart rate and heart rate recovery after completing
the protocol. The peak of VO<sub>2</sub> was not significantly different but showed a tendency to increase, being significantly correlated
with the covered distance.ConclusionsThe current results suggest that Pilates exercises significantly improve walking functional capacity.
From the History of Conferences on the Machine and Mechanism Science
Authors: Wojnarowski J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the course of the past sixty years of the Polish Committee for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (PC TMM) 24 scientific and didactic conferences have been held. The subject matter of these conferences, generally organized every other year, comprised problems of the classification, analysis and synthesis of mechanisms, the dynamics of machine systems, investigations concerning self-excited vibrations, the stability of the systems, the control of machines and biomechanics. The numbers of submitted papers as well as the number of participants substantiate the need of organizing such conferences, their importance and the activity of the Polish Committee of TMM for the purpose of creating a platform for the presentation and discussion of new research methods in the domain of mechanisms, machines, biomechanics and mechatronics.
Innovation of MMS with Inspiration from the Past
Authors: Ceccarelli M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis survey is a critical overview of main aspects and topics of today’s research and innovation, with specific focus on MMS, while looking at past developments and achievements through few significant examples. Thus, we can discover that most of the today’s ideas and concepts have already been explored and exploited in the past. Nevertheless, today we have the great challenge of technology that permits advanced technical results that were not possible in the past within the practical innovation that today more and more is expected from research results.
A Novel Color Parametric Technique for Kinetic Evaluation of Thermal Degradation and Stability of Fresh-Cut Yacon Slices
Authors: Zhu Songming , Hu Feifei , Zhang Qiuting , Yu Yong , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Fresh-cut yacon slices were first heat treated (60–80 °C, 5–25 min) and then exposed to air at room temperature for up to 10 min. Color parameters of internal surface were measured and two kinetic models were evaluated: 1) Color degradation during thermal treatment, and 2) Color stability during subsequent air exposure. More severe treatments led to lower color quality but higher stability. The relative white index was the best color parameter and the color changes followed a zero-order kinetics. The temperature dependence of rate constants were evaluated using the Arrhenius model. The activation energy for color degradation was 14.7 kJ/mol, and for color stability it was 47.9 kJ/mol indicating color stability parameters to be more sensitive to temperatures than color degradation. The color parameter models developed were comparable to polyphenoloxidase inactivation model and provided a rapid physical method for evaluating color degradation and subsequent color stability of yacon slices.
Cyclic extensions of finite simple groups
Authors: Gagola III Stephen M. , Grishkov Alexander N. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Here cyclic extensions, not necessarily split, of simple groups are looked at. It is shown that if N is a finite simple group that is either an abelian group, an alternating group, a Suzuki group, a projective special linear group or a sporadic simple group and

G
=

〈
N
,
u
〉

${G=\langle N,u\rangle}$

is a cyclic extension of N resulting in a Moufang loop, then

〈
N
,

u
2

〉

${\langle N,u^{2}\rangle}$

is a group.
Moreover, if G is nonassociative, then G is a generalization of the Chein loop where u inverts all of the elements of N.
Hausdorff dimension in R-analytic profinite groups
Authors: Fernández-Alcober Gustavo A. , Giannelli Eugenio , González-Sánchez Jon 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We study the Hausdorff dimension of R-analytic subgroups in an infinite R-analytic profinite group, where R is a pro-p ring whose associated graded ring is an integral domain.
In particular, we prove that the set of such Hausdorff dimensions is a finite subset of the rational numbers.
An axiomatizable profinite group with infinitely many open subgroups of index 2
Authors: Porath Or Ben , Shusterman Mark 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We show that a profinite group with the same first-order theory as the direct product over all odd primes p of the dihedral group of order

2
⁢
p

{2p}

, is necessarily isomorphic to this direct product.
Hollow metal nanostructures for enhanced plasmonics: synthesis, local plasmonic properties and applications
Authors: Genç Aziz , Patarroyo Javier , Sancho-Parramon Jordi , Bastús Neus G. , Puntes Victor , Arbiol Jordi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Metallic nanostructures have received great attention due to their ability to generate surface plasmon resonances, which are collective oscillations of conduction electrons of a material excited by an electromagnetic wave. Plasmonic metal nanostructures are able to localize and manipulate the light at the nanoscale and, therefore, are attractive building blocks for various emerging applications. In particular, hollow nanostructures are promising plasmonic materials as cavities are known to have better plasmonic properties than their solid counterparts thanks to the plasmon hybridization mechanism. The hybridization of the plasmons results in the enhancement of the plasmon fields along with more homogeneous distribution as well as the reduction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) quenching due to absorption. In this review, we summarize the efforts on the synthesis of hollow metal nanostructures with an emphasis on the galvanic replacement reaction. In the second part of this review, we discuss the advancements on the characterization of plasmonic properties of hollow nanostructures, covering the single nanoparticle experiments, nanoscale characterization via electron energy-loss spectroscopy and modeling and simulation studies. Examples of the applications, i.e. sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photothermal ablation therapy of cancer, drug delivery or catalysis among others, where hollow nanostructures perform better than their solid counterparts, are also evaluated.
Crystal structure of dibromido μ-oxalato-κ2
O,O′:κ2
O′′,O′′′−η6-p-cymenediosmium(II), C22H28Br2O4Os2
Authors: Clayton Hadley S. , Tapala Kgaugelo C. , Lemmerer Andreas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C22H28Br2O4Os2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.8433(5)Å, b = 11.8395(5) Å, c = 18.7871(8) Å, V = 2411.87(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1061, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)ethan-1-one, C23H20F3NO3
Authors: Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Hosni Hanaa M. , Ghabbour Hazem A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C23H20F3NO3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 48.3041(18) Å, b = 6.0540(2) Å, c = 28.5445(11) Å, β = 105.519(2)°, V = 8043.0(5) Å3, Z = 16, R
gt(F) = 0.056, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.140, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile – ethanol (1:1), C21H16N4O8
Authors: Zhou Wei-Hua 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C21H16N4O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.3222(6) Å, b = 10.8926(7) Å, c = 11.6941(8) Å, α = 78.182(6)°, β = 86.960(6)°, γ = 76.646(6)°, V = 1009.53(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0556, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1850, T = 293 K.
Market-Driven Challenges to Freedom of Expression and the Interaction Between the State, the Market, and the Media
Authors: Svensson Eva-Maria , Edström Maria 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The controlling function of the media is essential for freedom of expression in a democratic society. One of the pre-conditions of this controlling function is independence in relation not only to the state but also in relation to commercial interests. It is the latter relationship that is the focus of this article.
Recent changes in the media landscape have put pressure on the independence of the media. Commercial interests seem to gain more influence on media content. The distinction between journalism and advertising has become less clear and it is not always maintained despite both legislation and self-regulation that dictate such a division.
The aim of this article is to analyse the consequences of the changes in the media landscape and the challenges posed to the infrastructure for freedom of expression in Sweden, including legislation and self-regulation. The analysis is made with the help of the analytical distinction between market-driven and democracy-driven freedom of expression.
The influence of air conditioning changes on the effective dose due to radon and its short-lived decay products
Authors: Grządziel Dominik , Kozak Krzysztof , Mazur Jadwiga , Połednik Bernard , Dudzińska Marzenna R. , Bilska Izabela 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Most people spend the majority of their time in indoor environments where the level of harmful pollutants is often significantly higher than outdoors. Radon (222Rn) and its decay products are the example of radioactive pollutants. These radioisotopes are the main source of ionizing radiation in non-industrial buildings. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air-conditioning system on radon and its progeny concentrations and thus on the effective dose. The measurements were carried out in the auditorium at the Environmental Engineering Faculty (Lublin University of Technology, Poland). Measurements of radon and its progeny (in attached and unattached fractions) as well as measurements of the following indoor air parameters were performed in two air-conditioning (AC) operation modes: AC ON and AC ON/OFF. The air supply rate and air recirculation were taken into consideration. The separation of radon progeny into attached and unattached fractions allowed for determining, respectively, the dose conversion factor (DCF) and the inhalation dose for teachers and students in the auditorium. A considerable increase of the mean radon progeny concentrations from 1.2 Bq/m3 to 5.0 Bq/m3 was observed in the AC ON/OFF mode compared to the AC ON mode. This also resulted in the increase of the inhalation dose from 0.005 mSv/y to 0.016 mSv/y (for 200 h/year). Furthermore, the change of the air recirculation rate from 0% to 80% resulted in a decrease of the mean radon concentration from 30 Bq/m3 to 12 Bq/m3 and the reduction of the mean radon progeny concentration from 1.4 Bq/m3 to 0.8 Bq/m3. This resulted in the reduction of the inhalation dose from 0.006 mSv/y to 0.003 mSv/y.
Investigation of the influence of chamber construction parameters on radon exhalation rate
Authors: Kozłowska Beata , Mazur Jadwiga , Kozak Krzysztof , Walencik-Łata Agata , Baic Błażej 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Radon exhalation from ground is a process dependent on the emanation and migration of radon through ambient air. Most studies on radon exhalation from soil were performed regarding the influence of meteorological and soil parameters. As radon exhalation rate can be affected by the internal properties of the sample, it may also be influenced by the exhalation chamber geometry such as volume-to-area (V/S) ratio or other construction parameters. The measurements of radon exhalation from soil were made using different constructions of accumulation chamber and two types of radon monitors: RAD7 (Durridge) and AlphaGUARD PQ2000PRO (Genitron). The measurements were performed on one site in two locations and approximately at the same time. The first tests did not show the correlations of exhalation rate values and the chamber’s construction parameters and their geometrical dimensions. However, when examining the results, it seems that there are still too many factors that might have affected the process of radon exhalation. The future experiments are planned to be conducted in controlled laboratory conditions.
Radon permeability of insulating building materials
Authors: Walczak Katarzyna , Olszewski Jerzy , Zmyślony Marek 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the radon permeability coefficient of insulating building materials. Eleven insulating materials were tested. A research setup was developed and it was as follows: a tested material was tightly set on the receiver box’s hole and placed into the radon chamber. The measurements showed that for various insulating materials, radon permeability coefficient varies from 1.26 × 10−10 m2/s for film-like materials to 9.95 × 10−8 m2/s for roofing papers. According to our calculations of all insulating materials, the foil-type insulating materials to ensure the best protection against radon flow from the ground. Comparison of different types of building materials shows that the insulating building materials ensure better radiological protection than regular building constructions materials.
Radon emission rate and analysis of its influencing parameters
Authors: Neugebauer Thomas , Hingmann Hans , Buermeyer Jonas , Grimm Volker , Breckow Joachim 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The geological and structural conditions define the radon situation inside a building. While the geological realities can be specified by the content of radium-226 and the ratio of radon-222 emitted from the ground the structural conditions are defined by the tightness of the building envelope. The radon concentration inside has an unsteady character, which is caused by meteorological conditions outside and the air change rate (ACH or ACR), which in turn is influenced by the residents’ behaviour such as venting and heating. For the assessment of the radon exposition, it is necessary to perform measurements for a long time. An approach to reduce this time by eliminating the inhabitants influence on the radon concentration is the radon emission rate, also known as radon entry rate. This variable is based on the measurement of the radon concentration and the parallel determination of the air change rate via a tracer gas method, the result expresses a released activity per time. Due to their noisy character, it is necessary to apply a smoothing algorithm to the input parameters. In addition to mean values, the use of window functions, known from digital signal processing, was analysed. For the verification of the whole calculation procedure, simulations and measurements under defined conditions were used. Furthermore, measurements in an uninhabited house showed proof of the capability of the assessment of the radon potential. First examinations of influencing parameters of the radon emission rate showed a possible dependence on the temperature difference inside and outside the building.
Construction of new houses on a uranium vein outcrop: a case study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Goliáš Viktor , Tumurkhuu Gereltsetseg , Kohn Pavel , Šálek Ondřej , Plášil Jakub , Škoda Radek , Soumar Jan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Significant uranium mineralization represented by a typical assemblage of uranyl supergene minerals in a quartz-uraninite vein hosted in the exocontact zone of the Variscan-Tanvald granite was found at a new construction site in the municipality of Jablonec n. Nisou. Activities of 222Rn in soil gas reached 1 MBq/m3 around two houses, with a maximum of 3.33 MBq/m3 between them on a uranium ore lens outcrop. The uranium content reaches up to 291 ppm eU (3595 Bq/kg 226Ra), and it is possible to find many ‘hot’ pieces of uranium ore fragments with a high percentage of uranium in the Quaternary cover in this place. This unfavourable situation is a result of an improper spatial planning process. The constructor was given the permission to construct the building even though the construction site did not meet safety requirements and the geological survey had failed. Not only geological prospecting was underestimated, but also the radon risk assessment was undervalued.
The use of multivariate analysis of the radon variability in the underground laboratory and indoor environment
Authors: Filipović Jelena , Maletić Dimitrije , Udovičić Vladimir , Banjanac Radomir , Joković Dejan , Savić Mihailo , Veselinović Nikola 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of multivariate analysis of variations of radon concentrations in the shallow underground laboratory and a family house, depending on meteorological variables only. All available multivariate classification and regression methods, developed for data analysis in high-energy physics and implemented in the toolkit for multivariate analysis (TMVA) software package in ROOT, are used in the analysis. The result of multivariate regression analysis is a mapped functional behaviour of variations of radon concentration depending on meteorological variables only, which can be used for the evaluation of radon concentration, as well as to help with modelling of variation of radon concentration. The results of analysis of the radon concentration variations in the underground laboratory and real indoor environment, using multivariate methods, demonstrated the potential usefulness of these methods. Multivariate analysis showed that there is a potentially considerable prediction power of variations of indoor radon concentrations based on the knowledge of meteorological variables only. In addition, the online system using the resulting mapped functional behaviour for underground laboratory in the Institute of Physics Belgrade is implemented, and the resulting evaluation of radon concentrations are presented in this paper.