bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sociology for other animals: analysis, advocacy, intervention
Authors: Cudworth Erika 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to map the field of sociological animal studies through some examples of critical and mainstream approaches and considers their relation to advocacy. It makes the argument that while all these initiatives have made important contributions to the project of “animalising sociology” and suggest a need for change in species relations, the link between analysis and political strategy is uncertain.Design/methodology/approach– The paper develops its argument by using secondary sources, reviewing sociological positions and offering illustrations of possible interventions.Findings– Sociological interventions in the field of animal studies have been informed by critical perspectives, such as feminism and Marxism, or taken less critical routes deploying actor-network theory and symbolic interactionism. Whilst those working in critical traditions may appear to have a more certain political agenda, an analysis of “how things are” does not always lead to a clear position on “what is to be done” in terms of social movement agendas or policy intervention. In addition, concepts deployed in advocacy such as “liberation”, “quality of life” or “care” are problematic when applied beyond the human. Despite this, there are possibilities for coalition and solidarity around certain claims for change.Research limitations/implications– If the central argument of the paper were taken seriously by general sociologists, then sociology may be more open to “animal studies”. In implications for exisitng sociological animal studies scholarship is to trouble some of the certainties around advocacy.Practical implications– If the central argument of the paper were taken seriously by advocacy groups, then the hiatus between “welfarism” and “liberation” might be overcome.Originality/value– There have been recent attempts to map the field of scholarship in animal studies, but surprisingly little consideration of how different emergent positions inform questions of advocacy and the possibilities for political intervention.
Residential satisfaction in gated communities
Authors: Tan Teck Hong 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine how satisfied homeowners are with their gated residences.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study starts out by examining the data collected through self-administered surveys to find out the satisfaction levels and motivations of homeowners toward their gated homes in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. This is then followed by regression analysis to examine the relationship between motivations of owing gated homes and residential satisfaction.

Findings
– The benefits that motivate households to purchase gated landed homes are “Safety and Security,” “Financial Benefits” and “Social Status” and “Lifestyle Facilities.” It also appears that the satisfaction levels of homeowners are to a certain extent, influenced by the benefits of owning a gated home.

Research limitations/implications
– It seems that when home buyers purchase houses these days, a major consideration is placed on whether or not the development is a gated one.

Practical implications
– The congruence and dissonance between residents and their housing situations are essential to prevent the decreasing quality of urban environment. Thus, this study can serve as a guide for urban planners and property developers in planning and designing of enclosed private residential developments. Furthermore, property developers can gain valuable insights on the gated home features that they should improve to meet each homebuyer’s needs.

Originality/value
– Majority of the studies on residential satisfaction have been focussed on the evaluation of non-enclosure communities. There have only been a limited of studies examining the experience of residents in enclosed private residential environments in a developing country. Hence, this paper has contributed to the existing knowledge in the development of gated estates in a developing country.
After the rains: water’s impact for valuation practices
Authors: Cradduck Lucy 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to reduce the potential for litigation by improving valuers’ awareness of water risks. As part of a valuer’s due diligence, the paper provides guidance as to how to identify such risks by explaining the different types and examining how online search tools can be used in conjunction with more traditional methods to evaluate the probability of these risks occurring.Design/methodology/approach– The paper builds on prior research, which examined the impact of water to and for valuations. By means of legal/doctrinal analysis, this paper considers relevant issues from the perspective of managing client expectations and needs. In so doing it identifies online tools available to assist in identifying at risk properties and better informing clients.Findings– While the internet provides a variety of tools to gain access to relevant information, this information most commonly is only provided subject to disclaimer. Valuers need to ensure that blind reliance is not given to use of these tools but that the tools are used in conjunction with individual property inspections.Research limitations/implications– Although the examples considered primarily are Australian, increasing water risks generally make the issues considered relevant for any jurisdiction. The research will be of particular interests to practitioners in coastal or riverine areas.Practical implications– Valuation reports are sought for a variety of purposes from a variety of clients. These range from the experienced, knowledgeable developer looking to maximise available equity to the inexperienced, uneducated individual looking to acquire their home and thinking more often than not with their heart not their head. More informed practices by valuers will lead to valuation reports being more easily understood by clients, thus lessening the likelihood of litigation against the valuer for negligence.Originality/value– The paper highlights the issue of water risks; the need for valuers to properly address potential and actual risks in their reports; and the corresponding need to undertake all appropriate searches and enquiries of the property to be valued. It reinforces the importance of access to the internet as a tool in the valuation process.
Visual Effects of Stainless Steel and Retro-Reflective Yarns on Woven Fabrics
Authors: Önlü Nesrin , Halaçeli Havva 
Published: April 2016

In the 1970s, rapid developments and changing technology enabled the transition from an industrial to an information society to speed up, meanwhile causing cybernetic, biomimetics and space research to accelerate. In this period, some changes appeared in the needs of people, resulting in the production of fibers and yarns that are functionally hygienic, anti bacterial, able to breathe, and resistant to ultraviolet (UV)-rays. While material criteria were becoming important in textile design in light of these changes, new esthetic effects that emerged which depended on the materials used in textile products also appeared.
Different visualities were obtained as impressions such as iridescence, dull-brightness, voluminosity, and relief-like impressions in fabrics by high-tech innovations which created fibers, yarns and finishing processes in particular and properties of touch, such as softness, slipperiness, and super fluidity. Comparisons of fabrics were made between artificial and natural materials, and included in aesthetical renovations.
In consideration of such data, the subject of this paper within the context of innovation brought about for clothing fabrics by high-tech fibers and yarns is as follows: the design and production of different aesthetical and visual-effect clothing fabrics with brightness and shimmering qualities in voluminous, puffy and relief-like impressions by using stainless steel and retro reflective yarns that are products of high-tech.
For this purpose, 12 apparel fabrics have been designed and produced. The
above-mentioned visual effects are studied in these fabrics and related differences established based on type and number of yarn, weave, and density, and structure of fabric.
The different approach in this study is that voluminous, puffy, shimmering and brightness effects in clothing fabrics are obtained by stainless steel and retro reflective yarns in single and double layer structures, and as patterned fabrics. Therefore, brightness and patterns could be differently conceived based on the type of light by day or night. Another difference is that 100% stainless steel yarn is used and spun.
Synthesis and Application of New Ureido Reactive Dyes
Authors: Ali N.F. , Shakra S. , Youssef Y.A. , Aysha T.S. 
Published: April 2016

New disazo and polyazo ureido reactive dyes incorporating different reactive systems were synthesized and applied to cotton fabric by the exhaust dyeing method. Different factors affecting the dye ability and fastness properties of such dyes are investigated.
Bis(monochlorotriazine) reactive dyes displayed higher primary exhaustion values compared to those obtained with bis(sulphatoethysulphone) and bis(monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethysulphone) reactive dyes under different neutral exhaustion conditions. The results obtained indicate that the fixation efficiencies of these dyes were higher than those of dyes incorporating the bis(dichlorotriazine) reactive system. The results assessed for alkaline exhaust dyeing indicate that the bis(monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone) dye was less sensitive to the variation in fixation temperatures than the other reactive dyes. The fastness properties of the ureido reactive dyes were fair to good.
The improved dyeing performance of such type of ureido reactive dyes should lead to the design of reactive dyes with good application and fastness properties on cotton fabric, and provide practical solutions for low-salt dyeing. The present study of synthesis of disazo and polyazo ureido reactive dyes of high molecular structure, and its application to cotton fabric by the exhaust dyeing method is novel and could be applied in the industry.
Pattern to Product, Pattern through Product Traditional Tools and Process Innovation in Textile Design
Authors: Colombi Chiara 
Published: April 2016

The history of weaving and textile innovation follows the history of technological innovations and the evolution of socio-cultural issues in a stepwise manner.
Currently, textiles and patterns are tools that characterize garments and define their unique aesthetics, becoming identity-making elements not only for a single product or a collection, but also for brands. By balancing a delicate equilibrium between brand heritage and Zeitgeist, the Italian textile industry bases its success on the capability to re-organize creative processes to generate innovation, also thanks to new relationships among textile designers and their customers. In particular, it is in the textile pattern development activity where we can find, on the one hand, interesting examples of product innovations through traditional tools, such as the company archives, and on the other hand, interesting examples of process innovations through new creative possibilities offered by high-tech fabrics.
Through special case studies, this essay will analyze and define possible creative models that innovate in the textile sector.
A Study of Fatal and Nonfatal Hangings
Authors: Andriuskeviciute Gerda , Chmieliauskas Sigitas , Jasulaitis Algimantas , Laima Sigitas , Fomin Dmitrij , Stasiuniene Jurgita 
Published: April 2016

AbstractApproximately 50% of all suicides performed worldwide are strangulations. This article presents options for the medicolegal examination of hanging. The pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical pictures of victims are discussed. Examples of the process of diagnosis and expert conclusions are given. This article is intended for physicians and forensic pathologists. The literature focusing on asphyxia by strangulation is reviewed. Data from Vilnius Hospitals and the State Forensic Medicine Service concerning strangulations performed between 2012 and 2014 are analyzed and include the findings of 5650 autopsies (36% asphyxia) and 4 survived victims. The predominant symptoms were neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory symptoms. After asphyxia, patients should consult by a psychiatrist, ophthalmologist, gastroenterologist, and endocrinologist. A ligature mark was the most observable sign of asphyxia by neck strangulation. Only complications in the poststrangulation period were treated. Mechanical asphyxia must be identified as the main injury in the clinical diagnosis and encoded as ICD‐10.
HbA1c, systolic blood pressure variability and diabetic retinopathy in Asian type 2 diabetics
Authors: Foo Valencia , Quah Joanne , Cheung Gemmy , Tan Ngiap Chun , Ma Zar Kyi Lin , Chan Choi Mun , Lamoureux Ecosse , Tien Yin Wong , Tan Gavin , Sabanayagam Charumathi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to examine the association between variability in HbA1c or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diabetes‐specific moderate retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of 172 cases of moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases and 226 controls without DR, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Serial HbA1c and SBP (range 3–6 readings) over the 2 years prior to photographic screening of DR were collected. Intrapersonal mean and SD values for HbA1c (iM‐HbA1c and iSD‐HbA1c) and SBP (iM‐SBP and iSD‐SBP) were derived. Moderate DR was assessed from digital retinal photographs and defined as levels >43 using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale.ResultsCases of moderate DR had higher iM‐HbA1c (8.2 % vs 7.3 %; P = 0.001), iSD‐HbA1c (1.22 vs 0.64; P = 0.001), iM‐SBP (136.8 vs 129.6 mmHg; P = 0.001) and iSD‐SBP (13.3 vs 11.1; P = 0.002) than controls. In the multivariate regression model adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, SBP, and HbA1c, iM‐HbA1c and iM‐SBP were significantly associated with moderate DR (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.37–2.36; and OR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.01–1.05, respectively). Neither iSD‐HbA1c nor iSD‐SBP were associated with moderate DR. When stratified by HbA1c <7 %, only iSD‐SBP remained significantly associated with moderate DR (OR 1.11, 95 % CI 1.01–1.21).ConclusionIn a cohort of Asian patients with T2D, both higher mean HbA1c levels and SBP, but not their variability, were associated with moderate DR. Among those with good glycemic control, wider variability of SBP is associated with moderate DR.
Hyperendemic Campylobacter jejuni in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) raised for food in a semi‐rural community of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Graham Jay P. , Vasco Karla , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: April 2016

SummaryDomestic animals and animal products are the source of pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in industrialized countries, yet little is known about the transmission of these bacteria in developing countries. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are commonly raised for food in the Andean region of South America, however, limited research has characterized this rodent as a reservoir of zoonotic enteric pathogens. In this study, we examined the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 203 fecal samples from domestic animals of 59 households in a semi‐rural parish of Quito, Ecuador. Of the twelve animal species studied, guinea pigs showed the highest prevalence of C. jejuni (n = 39/40; 97.5%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize the genetic relationship of C. jejuni from domestic animals and 21 sequence types (STs) were identified. The majority of STs from guinea pigs appeared to form new clonal complexes that were not related to STs of C. jejuni isolated from other animal species and shared only a few alleles with other C. jejuni previously characterized. The study identifies guinea pigs as a major reservoir of C. jejuni and suggests that some C. jejuni strains are adapted to this animal species.
Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota
Authors: Rossi Maddalena , Martínez‐Martínez Daniel , Amaretti Alberto , Ulrici Alessandro , Raimondi Stefano , Moya Andrés 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe genus Lactobacillus includes over 215 species that colonize plants, foods, sewage and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals. In the GIT, Lactobacillus population can be made by true inhabitants or by bacteria occasionally ingested with fermented or spoiled foods, or with probiotics. This study longitudinally surveyed Lactobacillus species and strains in the feces of a healthy subject through whole genome sequencing (WGS) data‐mining, in order to identify members of the permanent or transient populations. In three time‐points (0, 670 and 700 d), 58 different species were identified, 16 of them being retrieved for the first time in human feces. L. rhamnosus, L. ruminis, L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum, L. casei and L. acidophilus were the most represented, with estimated amounts ranging between 6 and 8 Log (cells g−1), while the other were detected at 4 or 5 Log (cells g−1). 86 Lactobacillus strains belonging to 52 species were identified. 43 seemingly occupied the GIT as true residents, since were detected in a time span of almost 2 years in all the three samples or in 2 samples separated by 670 or 700 d. As a whole, a stable community of lactobacilli was disclosed, with wide and understudied biodiversity.
Simulation‐based assessment of dynamicN‐mixture models in the presence of density dependence and environmental stochasticity
Authors: Bellier Edwige , Kéry Marc , Schaub Michael 
Published: April 2016

SummaryEstimating survival and recruitment over large spatial scales is extremely challenging because it requires ‘expensive’ demographic data from marked animals. DynamicN‐mixture models (Dail & Madsen) yield estimates of abundance, apparent survival, recruitment and detection probability from simple counts replicated in space and time, as frequently collected in monitoring programmes all over the world. However, the vital rates are assumed to be density‐independent and constant over time, arguably unrealistic assumptions in many situations.We evaluated the performance of the traditional dynamicN‐mixture model from simulated data generated with density dependence and environmental stochasticity in the vital rates. We then developed a series of more advanced models that take density‐dependent vital rates and environmental stochasticity into account and assessed whether these models provide accurate estimates of vital rates, strength of density dependence and levels of environmental stochasticity.We found that the traditional Dail–Madsen model produced accurate estimates of abundances and vital rates when the assumptions were met, but not when vital rates were subject to density dependence and environmental stochasticity.Accurate parameter estimates were generally obtained when the data generation matched the data analysis model, but accuracy was substantially reduced otherwise. Interestingly, accurate estimates of abundance and detection were obtained from all models, regardless of the data generation model. Shorter time series from more sites yielded estimates of similar accuracy as longer series from fewer sites.The new dynamicN‐mixture models represent a promising basis for developing integrated population models that combine data from different sources to get insights into population dynamics of species over large areas.
Prenatal phthalate exposure: epigenetic changes leading to lifelong impact on steroid formation
Authors: Martinez‐Arguelles D. B. , Papadopoulos V. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryEndocrine disruptors (ED) are environmental pollutants that mimic endogenous hormonal signals. Exposure to EDs during fetal and early life is a public health concern because these are periods characterized by high cellular plasticity that influence the physiology and development of disease later in life. Phthalates are plasticizers used in the industry to manufacture polyvinyl chloride products and several consumer products. Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most produced plasticizers; it is ubiquitously found contaminating the environment, and has been shown to be an ED. Human exposure to phthalates starts during fetal development and continues after birth through contact of the newborn with the environment and contaminated food sources. We used a rat model in which pregnant dams are gavaged with DEHP from gestational day 14 until birth to study the long‐term effects of DEHP. This window of fetal exposure results in decreased circulating testosterone and aldosterone levels in adult male offspring and estradiol in the female. The observed steroid changes are likely of an epigenetic origin as DEHP is rapidly cleared after birth. Here, we review the long‐term effects of fetal exposure to DEHP with a focus on the molecular and epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, which may mediate long‐term endocrine dysfunction.
Standard corneal collagen crosslinking versus transepithelial iontophoresis‐assisted corneal crosslinking, 24 months follow‐up: randomized control trial
Authors: Bikbova Guzel , Bikbov Mukharram 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the results of standard corneal crosslinking (CXL) and transepithelial iontophoresis‐assisted CXL after 24 months follow‐up.Material and methodsCorneal crosslinking (CXL) was performed in a series of 149 eyes of 119 patients with keratoconus I–II of Amsler classification. Depending on the CXL method, patients were divided into two groups: (1) 73 eyes with standard CXL and (2) 76 eyes with transepithelial iontophoresis‐assisted CXL. Depending on the group, epithelium removal or administration of riboflavin solution by iontophoresis for 10 min was performed, after which standard surface UVA irradiation (370 nm, 3 mW/cm2) was performed at a 5‐cm distance for 30 min.ResultsA statistically significant difference in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was observed between the two groups, with a better outcome in the second group after 6 months (p = 0.037); however, no significant difference was found 24 months after treatment (p = 0.829). Stabilization and regression of keratometry values were achieved in both groups, but standard CXL was more effective. The average demarcation line depth in the standard CXL group was 292 ± 14 μm after 14 days and 172 ± 16 μm in the transepithelial iontophoresis‐assisted CXL group. No demarcation line was detected after 1 month and 3 months in 45% and 100% of the eyes in the second group respectively.ConclusionTransepithelial iontophoresis‐assisted collagen crosslinking showed to be less effective than standard CXL after 24 months of follow‐up, possibly due to a more superficial formation of corneal collagen crosslinks, however the stopping of disease progression was achieved 24 months after procedure.