bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ACTION OF XINMAILONG INJECTION, A TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN CARDIAC FUNCTION IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Li Zhengtao , Li Sujuan , Hu Lin , Li Fang , Cheung Alex Chun , Shao Weizai , Que Yuling , Leung George Pek-heng , Yang Cui 
Published: March 2017

Background: As a bioactive composite extracted from American cockroach, Xinmailong injection (XML) is used for the
treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) in China. Clinical data has provided evidence that XML has positive inotropic
properties. The objective of this study was to assess the mechanisms involved in the therapeutical effect of XML on CHF.
Materials and Methods: The effects of XML on the cardiac function in isolated rat heart were measured. A Ca2+ imaging
technology was used in rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) to reveal the role of XML on Ca2+ channels. Meanwhile, the effects of
XML on the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and sodium/calcium exchanger were measured. In addition, the level of reactive
oxygen species and the protein expressions for the superoxide dismutase and hemeoxygenase were determined in the
cardiomyocytes.
Results: The results showed that XML increased the electrical impulse-induced [Ca2+]i in H9c2 cells, which was dependant on
extracellular Ca2+ and was abolished by ML218-HCl (a T-type Ca2+channels antagonist) but not nimodipine (a L-type
Ca2+channels antagonist). Ouabain, a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, increased the electrical impulse-induced [Ca2+]i, which was
significantly inhibited by XML. Moreover, XML markedly inhibited the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in H9c2 cells. In addition,
XML notably reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the protein expressions of antioxidant
enzymes including superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and hemeoxygenase 1 in H9c2 cell.
Conclusion: Our findings pave the ways to the better understandings of the therapeutic effects of XML on cardiovascular
system.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT ON BREAST CANCER (MCF7) OF Moringa oleifera SEED EXTRACTS
Authors: Adebayo Ismail Abiola , Arsad Hasni , Samian Mohd Razip 
Published: March 2017

Background: Moringa oleifera belongs to plant family, Moringaceae and popularly called ―wonderful tree‖, for it is
used traditionally to cure many diseases including cancer in Africa and Asia, however, there is limited knowledge on
cytotoxic activity of Moringa oleifera seeds on MCF7 breast cancer cell. The present study evaluated antiproliferative
effect on MCF7 of the seed.
Materials and Methods: Seeds of Moringa oleifera were grinded to powder and its phytochemicals were extracted
using water and 80% ethanol solvents, part of the ethanolic extract were sequentially partitioned to fractions with four
solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and n-butanol). Antiproliferative effects on MCF7 of the samples were
determined. Finally, potent samples that significantly inhibited MCF7 growth were tested on MCF 10A.
Results: Crude water extract, hexane and dichloromethane fractions of the seeds inhibited the proliferation of MCF7
with the following IC50 values 280 μg/ml, 130 μg/ml and 26 μg/ml respectively, however, of the 3 samples, only
hexane fraction had minimal cytotoxic effect on MCF 10A (IC50 > 400μg/ml).
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seed has antiproliferative effect on MCF7.
IN VITRO STUDY OF CONCENTRATION-EFFECT AND TIME-COURSE PATTERN OF WHITE ALUM ON ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 GROWTH
Authors: Shahriari Reza , Salari Saeed , Shahriari Saeed 
Published: March 2017

Background: Nowadays, the demand for antibacterial fabrics has increased. White alum is used for oral aphthous
ulcers treatment in traditional medicine of Sistan city, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran, and also as a flocculent
for water purification. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of concentration and time on antibacterial activity of
white alum on Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Materials and Methods: 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of white alum were added to 108 CFU of Escherichia coli
O157:H7. Optical Density was recorded for 4 hours. Data obtained were analyzed using Repeated Measure and Oneway
ANOVA by SPSS.
Results: Results revealed the effectiveness of white alum in the growth of the tested bacterium. The white alum was
found to be potent against Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a concentration above 1% (p
CARDIOPROTECTIVE ROLES OF THE CHINESE MEDICINAL FORMULA BAO-XIN-TANG ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Weihao , Peng Weijun , Liu Weiping , Cai Weijun , Xia Zian , Zhang Honggeng , Xing Zhihua 
Published: March 2017

Background: Bao-Xin-Tang (BXT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula used for the treatment of coronary heart disease and
known to have favorable therapeutic benefits. The current study was designed to determine whether BXT has a cardioprotective role
for acute myocardial infarction. The underlying mechanisms were also explored.
Materials and Methods: The Sprague-Dawley rat model of acute myocardial infarction was established by occluding the left anterior
descending branch of the coronary artery. After a 3-h ischemic period, we determined the myocardial infarction size, inflammatory
components, and antioxidant activities.
Results: The data showed that BXT could reduce the infarction size and lower the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and
myeloperoxidase, and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10. These results
indicate that administration of BXT, following acute myocardial infarction, could reduce infarct size.
Conclusion: The effects of BXT may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF EMODIN ON RAW 264.7 ACTIVATED WITH DOUBLE STRANDED RNA ANALOGUE POLY I:C
Authors: Kim Young-Jin , Lee Ji Young , Kim Hyun-Ju , Kim Do-Hoon , Lee Tae Hee , Kang Mi Suk , Choi You- Kyung , Lee Hye Lim , Kim Jaieun , An Hyo-Jin , Park Wansu 
Published: March 2017

Background: Emodin (3-methyl-1, 6, 8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a compound which can be found in Polygoni
Multiflori Radix (PMR). PMR is the root of Polygonum multiflorum. PMR is used to treat dizziness, spermatorrhea,
sores, and scrofula as well as chronic malaria traditionally in China and Korea. The anti-tumor property of emodin was
already reported. However, anti-viral activity of emodin on macrophages are not fully reported.
Materials and Methods: Effects of emodin on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic
acid (poly I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, were evaluated.
Results: Emodin restored the cell viability in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 at concentrations of up to 50 μM. Emodin
significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α,
MIP-1β, MIP-2, RANTES, and IP-10 as well as calcium release and mRNA expression of signal transducer and
activated transcription 1 (STAT1) in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows the inhibitory effect of emodin on poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 via calcium-STAT
pathway.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYPOGLYCEMIC EXTRACT FROM CUCURBITA FICIFOLIA BOUCHE THAT INDUCES LIVER GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATION IN DIABETIC MICE.
Authors: Jessica Garcia Gonzalez , Mario Garcia Lorenzana , Alejandro Zamilpa , Cesar Almanza Perez Julio , E. Ivan Jasso Villagomez , Ruben Roman Ramos , Javier Alarcon-Aguilar Francisco 
Published: March 2017

Background: The aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit has demonstrated hypoglycemic effect,
which may be attributed to some components in the extract. However, the major secondary metabolites in this fruit
have not yet been identified and little is known about its extra-pancreatic action, in particular, on liver carbohydrate
metabolism. Therefore, in addition to the isolation and structural elucidation of the principal components in the aqueous
extract of C. ficifolia, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous
extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit is due to accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice.
Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract from fruit of C. ficifolia was fractionated and its main secondary
metabolites were purified and chemically characterized (NMR and GC-MS). Alloxan-induced diabetic mice received
daily by gavage the aqueous extract (30 days). The liver glycogen content was quantified by spectroscopic method and
by PAS stain; ALT and AST by spectrometric method; glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and GLUT2 by
Western blot; the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and glucagon-receptor by RT-PCR; while serum insulin was quantified
by ELISA method. A liver histological analysis was also performed by H&E stain.
Results: Chemical fingerprint showed five majoritarian compounds in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia: p-coumaric
acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicin, stigmast-7,2,2-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol. The histological analysis showed
accumulation of liver glycogen. Also, increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase were
observed. Interestingly, the histological architecture evidenced a liver-protective effect due the extract.
Conclusion: Five compounds were identified in C. ficifolia aqueous extract. The hypoglycemic effect of this extract
may be partially explained by liver glycogen accumulation. The bioactive compound responsible for the hypoglycemic
effect of this extract will be elucidated in subsequent studies.
NITRATE IN LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES AND ESTIMATED INTAKE
Authors: Brkić Danijel , Bošnir Jasna , Bevardi Martina , Bošković Andrea Gross , Miloš Sanja , Lasić Dario , Krivohlavek Adela , Racz Aleksandar , Mojsović – Ćuić Ana , Trstenjak Natalija Uršulin 
Published: March 2017

Background: Vegetarian diets are rich in vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are foods that contain considerable
amounts of nitrate, which can have both positive and negative effects on the human body. Their potential
carcinogenicity and toxicity have been proven, particularly after the reduction of nitrate to nitrite itself or just serving
as a reactant with amines and/or amides in the formation of N-nitroso compounds -N-nitrosamines and other nitrogen
compounds which may have high levels of nitrate. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant
difference, considering the location and seasonal sampling period, in the level of nitrate in certain types of green
vegetables, all in order to be able to assess their intake, and possible impact on human health, especially knowing that
exposure to nitrate can be potentially higher for vegetarian population group.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the sampling of 200 different leafy green vegetables was conducted, all of
which could be found in free sale in the Republic of Croatia. The sampling was conducted during two seasonal periods
- the spring and autumn period. In the springtime, lettuce (sem), spinach (pinacho), kale (kale), chard (mangel) and
cabbage (brassica) were sampled, and in autumn lettuce, spinach, kale, chard and arugula. Samples were analyzed using
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection.
Results: The results from the spring sampling phase were in the range of 603 mg/kg for cabbage - 972 mg/kg for
chard, and for autumn phase of 1.024 mg/kg for chard to 4.354 mg/kg for the arugula. The results showed that there
were significant differences (p
Units of labor input of orthopedists during consultation for implants. Fixed restorations
Authors: Diev Ye. V. , Dieva T. V. , Obidnyak V. , Labunets V. A. 
Published: March 2017

Implant-supported fixed restorations are widely used in practice with the aim of prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients; however, in Ukraine, the aforementioned methods are currently not completely lawful due to the absence of departmental standards of time needed for orthopedists to manufacture such types of dentures.In prosthetic dentistry, labor inputs are determined based on the average standard working time for professionals that not always correspond to the actual time expenditures which must be taken into consideration when determining the appropriate units of labor input. The objective of the research was to determine the units of labor input of orthopediststo manufacture implant-supported fixed restorations.Materials and methods. The object of the research involved clinical processes of manufacturing implant-supported fixed restorations.The units of labor input were determined based on the average time standards obtained in the result of timing measurements of clinical processes of providing appropriate care.The conversion of the obtained time standards (TS) to the units of labor input (ULI) was performed according to the formula: ULI = Tts / T1uliResults and discussion. Clinical processes of manufacturing 69 single implant-supported restorations by 15 orthopedists were studied. There were manufactured 13 crowns with screw-retained solid abutments, 21 crowns with screw-retained abutments, 17 single abutments, 18 screw-retained crowns with burn-out plastic abutments or abutments with a platform for attaching and pressing.In addition, the work of 18 orthopedists who manufactured 30 implant-supported bridges including 8 prosthetic dentures with screw-retained solid abutments, 10 prosthetic dentures with screw-retained abutments, 12 screw-retained dentures with burn-out plastic abutments or abutments with a platform for attaching and pressing was investigated and timed.The results of the research showed that the initial values of the labor input indicators when manufacturing single implant-supported fixed restorations were within the range of 1.5-1.5 ULI (the average values) and 3.3-3.5 ULI (the actual values) depending on the prosthetic construction. When manufacturing implant-supported bridges, the indicators were as follows: the average values – 2.1-2.3 ULI, the actual values – 3.6-3.9 ULI depending on the prosthetic construction as well. Conclusions. The results obtained due to timing measurements of clinical processes of manufacturing implant-supported fixed restorations, their analysis as well as the calculations of the standard time showed that the units of labor input of orthopedists determined on the basis of the average time standards did not coincide with the units of labor input of manufacturing these prostheses determined on the basis of the actual time standards.
REVIEW: Everybody's uncle
Authors: Oosterman Allison 
Published: March 2017

Review of: Scrim – the man with a mike, by William Renwick. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2011, 308 pp. ISBN 978-0864736956Biography is currently one of the most popular literary genres but New Zealand writers seem to choose their subjects from quite a narrow range of sportsmen and military figures. Few have chosen to write about historic media individuals. The last one I recall was Facing the Music: Charles Baeyertz and the Triad, by Joanna Woods (2008).Renwick sets out to put the record straight on some of the myths surrrounding this controversial broadcaster, a methodist minister, whose Friendly Road sessions on provate radio 1ZR in the 1930s made him one of the most popular men in the country.
Food intake and Physical activity of Hemodialysis Patient Undergoing Treatment at National Kidney Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Baniya Bhupal , Joshi Hari Shankar , Regmi Sanjeev , Dhungel Kshitiz Upadhyay 
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives: Nutrition has been an integral part of medical management in CKD patient in which total food and protein intake plays vital role in survival rate of patient. This study was done to investigate the nutritional status, food intake and physical activity level of hemodialysis patient for the period of three month in National Kidney center in Kathmandu. Materials and Methods: Quantitative descriptive method was applied for the collection of data from 80 patients undergoing hemodialysis in National kidney center, Kathmandu. The data so obtained was further analyzed by using SPSS 16 version software and Microsoft excel sheet.Discussion: The BMI result of sample population underdoing hemodialysis showed that 12% of them were underweight, 9% were overweight, 57% were in normal range and 1% were obese. Similarly 42.5% of sample population were involved in some kind of physical activity where as 57.5% of the patient were not involved in any sort of physical activity. On the other hand, 52.5% of MHD patient did not follow the instruction provided in food chart and only 47.5% patient consume food according to diet chart. Conclusion: The patient should be provided nutritional counseling before starting dialysis so that nutritional challenges could be reduced. As poor nutritional intake, Socio economic barrier, low physical activity level etc. are major problem of dialysis patient.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 33-40
Interstellar Gas-phase Element Depletions in the Small Magellanic Cloud: A Guide to Correcting for Dust in QSO Absorption Line Systems∗
Authors: Jenkins Edward B. , Wallerstein George 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present data on the gas-phase abundances for 9 different elements in the interstellar medium of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), based on the strengths of ultraviolet absorption features over relevant velocities in the spectra of 18 stars within the SMC. From this information and the total abundances defined by the element fractions in young stars in the SMC, we construct a general interpretation on how these elements condense into solid form onto dust grains. As a group, the elements Si, S, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn exhibit depletion sequences similar to those in the local part of our Galaxy defined by Jenkins. The elements Mg and Ti deplete less rapidly in the SMC than in the Milky Way, and Mn depletes more rapidly. We speculate that these differences might be explained by the different chemical affinities to different existing grain substrates. For instance, there is evidence that the mass fractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the SMC are significantly lower than those in the Milky Way. We propose that the depletion sequences that we observed for the SMC may provide a better model for interpreting the element abundances in low-metallicity Damped Lyman Alpha (DLA) and sub-DLA absorption systems that are recorded in the spectra of distant quasars and gamma-ray burst afterglows.
Probing the evolutionary history of epigenetic mechanisms: what can we learn from marine diatoms
Authors: Rastogi Achal , Lin Xin , Lombard Bérangère , Loew Damarys , Tirichine Leïla 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent progress made on epigenetic studies revealed the conservation of epigenetic features in deep diverse branching species including Stramenopiles, plants and animals. This suggests their fundamental role in shaping species genomes across different evolutionary time scales. Diatoms are a highly successful and diverse group of phytoplankton with a fossil record of about 190 million years ago. They are distantly related from other super-groups of Eukaryotes and have retained some of the epigenetic features found in mammals and plants suggesting their ancient origin. Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana, pennate and centric diatoms, respectively, emerged as model species to address questions on the evolution of epigenetic phenomena such as what has been lost, retained or has evolved in contemporary species. In the present work, we will discuss how the study of non-model or emerging model organisms, such as diatoms, helps understand the evolutionary history of epigenetic mechanisms with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications.
Femmes et habitats périurbains : recompositions de genre à Hô Chi Minh ville
Authors: Berdoulay Vincent , Ngô Thi Thu Trang 
Published: March 2017

Des changements dans les rapports sociaux de sexe sont étudiés dans le contexte du périurbain de Hô Chi Minh Ville, où trois types d’habitat sont enquêtés (aménagé, ancien, précaire) dans l’arrondissement Binh Tân. Des différences comme des similarités entre ces types d'habitat se notent à propos des représentations du rôle et de la place des femmes dans la famille et dans la société, ainsi qu’à propos de pratiques qui ont fait l’objet de l’enquête : célébration du culte des ancêtres, partage du travail domestique, gestion du revenu familial et prise de décision dans la famille. Les résultats montrent que ces enjeux de genre comptent dans l’accès aux ressources potentiellement utilisables par les femmes et conditionnées par les types d’habitat étudiés.
L’informalité comme une ressource urbaine ? Le cas des favelas de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gonçalves Rafael Soares 
Published: March 2017

Cet article analyse le rôle exercé par l'informalité urbaine dans le processus de configuration et d'accès aux ressources urbaines. Dans le cas des favelas de Rio, l’informalité peut permettre l’accès à des zones privilégiées de la ville, ce qui ne serait pas possible par la voie du marché ou par l'application de politiques publiques. Elle permet en outre des logiques plus fonctionnelles et adaptées aux besoins des résidents et devient ainsi, paradoxalement, une ressource des résidents pour accéder à la ville. Afin de démontrer les stratégies et impacts des pratiques informelles, nous avons choisi trois cas de figures, à savoir : les pratiques d’auto-construction, les formes de gestion informelle des services collectifs, tel que l´eau, et enfin les démarches d'exemption du coût des permis de commerce dans les zones des favelas.
Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification of common cutworm species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting canola in western Canada
Authors: Erlandson Martin A. , Holowachuk Jennifer , Sieminska Edyta A. , Hummel Jeremy , Otani Jennifer , Floate Kevin D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) constitute an important insect pest complex that causes damage to a variety of crops across western Canada and particularly in canola (Brassica napusLinnaeus; Brassicaceae) crops in recent years. However, individual cutworms are very difficult to identify to species based on morphology alone, particularly at the larval stage. Problems with pest identification can lead to difficulties in recommending appropriate management strategies for specific cutworm infestations. In the current study we have developed and applied a single-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, based on the rRNA ITS2 genomic sequence, which can be used to identify, to the species level, individuals of the following five key cutworm species:Agrotis orthogoniaMorrison,Euxoa auxiliaris(Grote),Euxoa ochrogaster(Guenée),Feltia jaculifera(Guenée), andLacinipolia renigera(Stephens). This molecular identification tool will be a valuable asset in agronomic and ecological studies of cutworm infestations in the canola cropping system across western Canada and potentially could be used as a timely identification tool for determining pest infestations to the species level during outbreaks.