bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Neuroendocrine Sexual Maturation in Female Rats After a Very Low Dose of Bisphenol A Through Altered GABAergic Neurotransmission and Opposing Effects of a High Dose
Authors: Franssen Delphine , Gérard Arlette , Hennuy Benoit , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Bourguignon Jean-Pierre , Parent Anne-Simone 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Rat sexual maturation is preceded by a reduction of the interpulse interval (IPI) of GnRH neurosecretion. This work aims at studying disruption of that neuroendocrine event in females after early exposure to a very low dose of bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical. Female rats were exposed to vehicle or BPA 25 ng/kg·d, 25 μg/kg·d, or 5 mg/kg·d from postnatal day (PND)1 to PND5 or PND15. Exposure to 25 ng/kg·d of BPA for 5 or 15 days was followed by a delay in developmental reduction of GnRH IPI studied ex vivo on PND20. After 15 days of exposure to that low dose of BPA, vaginal opening tended to be delayed. In contrast, exposure to BPA 5 mg/kg·d for 15 days resulted in a premature reduction in GnRH IPI and a trend toward early vaginal opening. RNA sequencing analysis on PND20 indicated that exposure to BPA resulted in opposing dose effects on the mRNA expression of hypothalamic genes involved in gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) neurotransmission. The study of GnRH secretion in vitro in the presence of GABAA receptor agonist/antagonist confirmed an increased or a reduced GABAergic tone after in vivo exposure to the very low or the high dose of BPA, respectively. Overall, we show for the first time that neonatal exposure to BPA leads to opposing dose-dependent effects on the neuroendocrine control of puberty in the female rat. A very low and environmentally relevant dose of BPA delays neuroendocrine maturation related to puberty through increased inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission.
A next-generation antimicrobial wound dressing: a real-life clinical evaluation in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Metcalf D. , Parsons D. , Bowler P. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a new, next-generation antimicrobial dressing (NGAD; AQUACEL Ag+ EXTRA dressing) in managing wound exudate, infection and biofilm, and facilitating progression toward healing. Method: Clinicians from the UK and Ireland selected stalled or deteriorating wounds that were considered to be compromised by infection and/or biofilm. Only the primary dressing was replaced by the NGAD, for up to 4 weeks or as deemed clinically appropriate; otherwise, standard protocols of care were used. Evaluation forms captured the baseline and final assessment characteristics of wound status, exudate levels, skin health, wound bed appearance, signs of infection and biofilm, and wound dimensions. Results: In all, 29 wounds were suitable for inclusion in the final analysis. Following the NGAD evaluation, wound statuses were shifted from stagnant/deteriorating to mainly improved, exudate levels were shifted from moderate/high to moderate/low, and skin health was improved in 20 wounds (69%). Wound bed tissue types were shifted from largely suspected biofilm/sloughy tissue (76%) to largely granulation tissue (53%). All signs of clinical infection were reduced in average frequency, with biofilm suspicion falling from 76% to 45% of the cases. The median management period with the NGAD was 4.5 weeks, after which 26 wounds (90%) became smaller in size and 10 wounds (34%) completely healed. Conclusion: This real-life clinical evaluation of the NGAD suggests that its successful management of exudate, infection and biofilm is generally accompanied by notable improvements in wound health and size, and in some cases, complete healing. Declaration of interest: The authors are all employed by ConvaTec Ltd. but have no other conflict of interest to declare. Dressings were provided to the clinicians free of charge.
Challenges and Optimization Strategy for Feed-In Tariffs of Renewable Energy in CIS Countries
Authors: Saidmamatov Olimjon , Salaev Sanaatbek , Eshchanov Bahtiyor 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Modern life is convincing us that renewable energy technologies, policies, strategies should be disseminated all over the world to provide sustainable development. As an instrument, feed-in tariffs of renewable energy should be designed considering public finance opportunities, buying power of consumers in order to tackle administrative barriers as an optimization strategy. The authors used the comparison, data analysis and logical access methods. The paper provides evidence from leading countries in the industry, explores ongoing challenges in the application of feed-in tariff policies, analyses the optimal methodologies to give recommendations to stakeholders.
Land Use Analysis in Latvia in The Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Kauškale Linda , Geipele Ineta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The research focus is the examination of key aspects of the land use for the detection of urgent problems in the context of sustainable development. The comparison, data analysis and logical access methods have been used in the study, and the recommendations on the improvement of the situation in the longer term have been developed. Land use management, legal side of regulation and the efficiency of land use are essential guidelines for the sustainable development of the territory in the country.
Problems of Implementation of Information Technology in the Housing Sector in Russia
Authors: Kirsanov Sergey A. , Safonov Yevgeny N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The considerable problems in the provision of a transparent and clear system of settlement between the enterprises supplying housing and utilities services and the owners of flat buildings include the insufficient provision of metering devices, the absence of a system collecting and analysing this information and the data of the current balances of utilities, as well as the absence of a common data base of the residents. To solve the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to implement strict normative requirements related to the application of the metering devices and arrange the uniform municipal bases of information resources, which would include the automated information collection, payment servicing of utility consumers in a single window, the control over the unsanctioned utility consumption, the data exchange with the branch state automated systems and other measures.
Online Marketing Issues of Real Estate Companies: A Case of Latvia
Authors: Dumpe Maira 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Today online marketing has become an integral part of marketing mix. Potential real estate customers prefer to make online research themselves. Therefore, real estate companies should be ready that search engines, corporate web pages, profiles on social media sites should strengthen the image of real estate companies and ensure better communication with customers. The aim of this paper is to explore results of qualitative research regarding real estate online marketing activities. It has been found that real estate companies’ web sites provide customers with qualitative information. Some companies offer online communication experience. Several companies have created their profiles on Facebook and Twitter but not all of them use social media in an appropriate way. Real estate companies should learn how to use online marketing tools more effectively.
Potassium Sulfate Improved Early Growth of Wheat under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Aliloo A.A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate NPK fertilizer effects on early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum variety Azar-2). Chemical fertilizers including urea (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1), triple superphosphate (10, 20, 30, 30 and 60 mg.L-1) and potassium sulfate (100, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg.L-1) were used along with control in three replications. The used concentrations imitate possible status of the fertilizers in the soil solutions. The results showed that fertilizers did not alter seed germination percentage. However, there was a significant influence on seedling performance. Seedling growth under potassium sulfate applications was significantly enhanced, which was followed by triple superphosphate, but urea decreased the values. The root to shoot ratio was influenced by potassium sulfate and the ratio was decreased in all concentration. Triple superphosphate did not significant effects on seedling properties, while urea decreased seedling performance. It was concluded that the response of wheat to the fertilizers application was different and among the used materials potassium sulfate could be effective on seedling growth of wheat.
Prosecuting War Crimes and Meeting Obligations under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the Same Time – the Case of Croatia
Authors: Barberić Lara , Čolak Davorka , Dolmagić Jasmina 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article aims to give an overview of how human rights violations that occurred during the Homeland War in Croatia are redressed by conducting criminal prosecution in the Republic of Croatia. Namely, criminal prosecution as one of the elements of transitional justice is essential not only for establishing the accountability of war crime perpetrators, but also as a warning that such violations shall not be tolerated in the future. Moreover, drawing on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, this article examines how the efforts made by national prosecution bodies to investigate war crimes are assessed by this court. It concludes with the idea that both prosecution of war crimes and protection of human rights, as guaranteed by The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the European Court of Human Rights, seek to achieve the same goal, i.e. protecting the most basic human rights of the war crimes victims and other individuals.
Succession dynamics of vegetation in the Slovak Karst Biosphere Reserve Landscape (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Vološčuk Ivan , Uhliarová Eva , Sabo Peter , Škodová Martina , Švajda Juaj 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results acquired by an ecological analysis of vegetation succession on the field of the Slovak Karst in south-east Slovakia over the past 25 years. The data were collected on permanent research plots etsablished in 1983−1985 on the Plešivská Plateau (part of the Slovak Karst National Park and Biosphere Reserve). Changes in mesic and dry grassland vegetation of permanent field plots were evaluated in the same way both times according to the Central European method. Due to cessation of non-forest vegetationmanagement the majority, permanent plots isgradually overgrownby woody plants. Succession of vegetation runs faster on karst plateaux where the trees and shrubs invasion is accompanied by overgrowing of grassland vegetation with Brachypodium pinnatum and Calamagrostis epigejos, which are completly change their species composition. On the steep limestone slopes and karst rocky fields of the lower altitudes the secondary succession is ongoing slower and is subjected mainly to accumulation of soil. Succession of herb layer is firstly reflected in changes of species abundance and later in exchanges of dominant species and plant communities. It was also evaluated succession in two forest habitats. In the community Fagetum typicum was evaluated succession after the artificial spruce wind calamity.
Driving forces of main landscape change processes from past 200 years in Central Europe - differences between old democratic and post-socialist countries
Authors: Skokanová Hana , Falťan Vladimír , Havlíček Marek 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The article compares and points out differences in driving forces of four main landscape change processes that shaped post-socialist countries and old democratic countries of Central Europe during the last two centuries. Studying landscape change processes and corresponding driving forces helps in understanding patterns of present landscape and can help among others in better prediction of future landscape change trends. Here, the presented results are based on review of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2014. Driving forces affecting these processes were grouped into four categories. Economic forces drove mainly agricultural intensification; agricultural land abandonment and urbanisation and were pronounced especially in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. Technological driving forces affected agricultural intensification especially in the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century while cultural driving forces had the biggest impact on urbanisation at the beginning of the 21st century. Political driving forces affected agricultural intensification, urbanisation as well as agricultural land abandonment and were pronounced mainly during the second half of the 20th century in the post-socialist countries. Political forces in the form of subsidies drove agricultural extensification at the beginning of the 21st century. The drivers for the agricultural intensification as well as urbanisation seem to be similar for both old democratic and post-socialist countries. In contrast, agricultural land abandonment in the old democratic countries was driven by technological, cultural and economic driving forces while in the post-socialist countries the political driving forces were mainly responsible. Changes in systems for subsidies and changes in the agricultural commodity markets are also responsible for different frequencies and rates of extensification of agriculture between the two groups of countries.
Evaluation of the risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen substances from agricultural land use as background for allocation of effective measures
Authors: Bujnovský Radoslav , Malík Peter , Švasta Jaromír 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen substances from agricultural land is perceived as a result of the interaction of groundwater vulnerability (determined by the characteristics of the environment overlying groundwater in relation to water transport or soil solution) and loading of overlying environment by nitrogen. Index of groundwater vulnerability was assessed on the basis of four parameters, namely, the amount of effective rainfall in the period from October to March, the capacity of soil to accumulate water, the average depth of the groundwater table and the permeability of the rock environment. Assessment of the index of loading of overlying environment by nitrogen was based on two parameters, namely, nitrogen balance and crop cover on agricultural land in the winter half on districts level in 2012, which corresponds with current state of the load. The resulting risk of groundwater pollution by nitrogen was expressed by the formula counting with the transformed values of groundwater vulnerability index and the index of loading of overlying environment by nitrogen. From practical point of view, the above mentioned indexes, as well as the subsequent risk of diffuse groundwater pollution, were spatially expressed via three associated categories. Based on the evaluation of relevant parameters, 5.18% of agricultural land falls into the category of very high and high risk, 42.20% in the medium risk category and 52.62% in the category of low and very low risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen from agricultural land.
Effect of land use changes on water run-off from a small catchment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ondr Pavel , Pečenka Jiří , Polenský Jakub , Ciml Jiří 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The changes in the landscape during past years were affected mainly by political and financial conditions in the agricultural sector as well as the future changes probably will be. For this study various scenarios of changes in land use in the small catchment caused by human activity were simulated. Several scenarios were focused on changes of agricultural area to urbanized landscape and also on industrial use of several plots. The aim of this study was to model and assess the impact of human-induced landscape changes on run-off from small catchments in the traditional agricultural area. It can be said, that more than the change of land use itself, changed management of these areas affects the water run-off more. The hypothetical transfer of significant part of the catchment area or the localities with infiltration vulnerable zones into urbanized paved space is the only exception. This change mainly affects the rate of discharge.
Idiomer som står mitt hjerte nær. En korpusbasert analyse av utvalgte idiomer med component hjerte i norsk
Authors: Dziurewicz Elżbieta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The article presents an exemplary corpus-based analysis of selected Norwegian idioms in order to gain insight into their theory and actual use. The analysis comprises nine frequent idioms with the component 'heart'. First, each idiom is analyzed using the Leksikografisk bokmålskorpus and Oslo-korpuset av taggende norske tekster in terms of: frequency, possible variants and modifications. Next, the results are compared with the lexicographic description from Norwegian dictionary Bokmålsordboka. The main purpose of this chapter is thereby to show the potential of the corpus-based approach in the studies of idiomatic expressions.
Study of a 2m-th order parabolic equation in a non-regular type of prism of ℝN+1
Authors: Kheloufi Arezki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper deals with the existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity of a solution to the multidimensional parabolic equation of order 2m (with

m
∈

ℕ
*

${m\in \mathbb {N} ^{\ast }}$

)

∂
t

u
+

(
-
1
)

m

∑

k
=
1

N

∂

x
k

2
m

u
=
f
,

$
\partial _{t}u+(-1)^{m}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\partial _{x_{k}}^{2m}u=f,
$

defined on a type of the prism

Q
=

(
t
,

x
1

)

∈

ℝ
2

:
0
<
t
<
T
,

φ
1

(
t
)

<

x
1

<

φ
2

(
t
)

×

∏

i
=
1

N
-
1

]
0
,

b
i

[

$
Q=\bigl \lbrace ( t,x_{1}) \in \mathbb {R} ^{2}:0&lt;t&lt;T,\, \varphi _{1}( t) &lt;x_{1}&lt;\varphi _{2}( t) \bigr \rbrace
\times \prod _{i=1}^{N-1}]0,b_{i}[
$

of ℝN+1, which is a nonstandard domain since its
base shrinks at t = 0 (

φ
1

(
0
)

=

φ
2

(
0
)

${\varphi _{1}(0)=\varphi _{2}(0)}$

).
The equation is associated with Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary conditions and
the right-hand side term f is taken in a weighted Lebesgue space.
More precisely, we look for minimal conditions on the functions

φ
1

${\varphi _{1}}$

and

φ
2

${\varphi _{2}}$

under which the solution is regular.
For this purpose, the domain decomposition method is employed.
This work is an extension of the one space variable case studied in
[19] and of the case m = 1 studied in [11].
Bias-variance decomposition in Genetic Programming
Authors: Kowaliw Taras , Doursat René 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study properties of Linear Genetic Programming (LGP) through several regression and classification benchmarks. In each problem, we decompose the results into bias and variance components, and explore the effect of varying certain key parameters on the overall error and its decomposed contributions. These parameters are the maximum program size, the initial population, and the function set used. We confirm and quantify several insights into the practical usage of GP, most notably that (a) the variance between runs is primarily due to initialization rather than the selection of training samples, (b) parameters can be reasonably optimized to obtain gains in efficacy, and (c) functions detrimental to evolvability are easily eliminated, while functions well-suited to the problem can greatly improve performance—therefore, larger and more diverse function sets are always preferable.
Integral inequalities involving generalized Erdélyi-Kober fractional integral operators
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Purohit Sunil Dutt , Prajapati Jyotindra C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing the generalized Erdélyi-Kober fractional integrals, an attempt is made to establish certain new fractional integral inequalities, related to the weighted version of the Chebyshev functional. The results given earlier by Purohit and Raina (2013) and Dahmaniet al.(2011) are special cases of results obtained in present paper.
Negotiating narratives, accessing asylum: Evaluating language policy as multi-level practice, beliefs and management
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTheories of language policy increasingly emphasise focusing on the specific contexts in which language management occurs. In government settings, policy seeks to shape how individuals interact with officials. Australian asylum procedure is an area where policy aims at tight control. I examine how communication is managed in this setting, in which successful outcomes are so important. After reviewing the relevant policy documents, I explore the experiences of individual refugees and migration agents through a series of qualitative interviews. I consider the relationship between language management, beliefs and practice in this context and find that individual experiences in this setting can differ. This article demonstrates the impact of several agents in the co-construction of the refugee narrative, noting that while standardisation is institutionally valued, variation is inevitable. The findings suggest that outcomes depend on much more than just official policy.
Human Resource Management in Sports: A Critical Review of its Importance and Pertaining Issues
Authors: Weerakoon Ranjan Kumara 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper will illustrate the meaning and importance of human resource management (HRM), human resource planning, and strategic human resource management, which are critically important for an organization’s effectiveness and must be effectively managed (Doherty, 1998). This study used the literature review method to acquire its final results. The relevant HRM literature review was done according to the purpose of the study. It used the purposive random sample method for selecting relevant literature. This study shows the current economic environment in the sports industry; the second part of the study critically analyzes the value of the strategic management of employees for the effective and efficient operation of sports organizations. It also critically evaluates human resource planning and other pertinent issues in terms of legislation, recruitment, selection, training, induction, and reward management from different international examples in sports management. Over the past few decades, increasing competition, globalization, and continuous changes in the market and in technology have emphasized the need to rethink the management of the organization and of human resources for the sake of overcoming significant challenges (Taylor et al., 2006). Therefore, managers should use strategic human resource management to overcome significant issues and to form well-planned strategies so that the organization may succeed.
Traduire : pluralité et convergence
Authors: Martinelli Lorella 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Translation has always been characterized by a variety of methodologies adopted to reach different objectives. If until some years ago scholars were discussing the interdisciplinary nature of translation, today we prefer to define it a « multidiscipline », - this is a term that underlines both the disciplinary autonomy of the field and the plurality of approaches and perspectives that characterize it.
The aim of this paper is to expose, from an accurate diachronic analysis, a rich intersectorial reciprocity that gives extreme relevance to the theory/theories of translation within the evolution of humanistic and social disciplines.