bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of oxygen metabolic rates in Human brain with dynamic 17O MRI: Profile likelihood analysis
Authors: Kurzhunov Dmitry , Borowiak Robert , Hass Helge , Wagner Philipp , Krafft Axel Joachim , Timmer Jens , Bock Michael 
Published: November 2016

PurposeParameter identifiability and confidence intervals were determined using a profile likelihood (PL) analysis method in a quantification model of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) with direct 17O MRI.MethodsThree‐dimensional dynamic 17O MRI datasets of the human brain were acquired after inhalation of 17O2 gas with the help of a rebreathing system, and CMRO2 was quantified with a pharmacokinetic model. To analyze the influence of the different model parameters on the identifiability of CMRO2, PLs were calculated for different settings of the model parameters. In particular, the 17O enrichment fraction of the inhaled 17O2 gas,
, was investigated assuming a constant and a linearly varying model. Identifiability was analyzed for white and gray matter, and the dependency on different priors was studied.ResultsPrior knowledge about only one
‐related parameter was sufficient to resolve the CMRO2 nonidentifiability, and CMRO2 rates (0.72–0.99 µmol/gtissue/min in white matter, 1.02–1.78 µmol/gtissue/min in gray matter) are in a good agreement with the results of 15O positron emission tomography studies. Nonconstant
values significantly improved model fitting.ConclusionThe profile likelihood analysis shows that CMRO2 can be measured reliably in 17O gas MRI experiment if the 17O enrichment fraction is used as prior information for the model calculations. Magn Reson Med 78:1157–1167, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Solvenshaut – äußere und innere Oberflächen von Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Langhals Heinz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGelöste Moleküle sind Punktstörungen der Flüssigkeitsstruktur. Wie weit sich solche Störungen in das Innere der Flüssigkeit fortsetzen, lässt sich durch solvatochrome Sonden mit kompensierenden Dipolmomenten untersuchen.
Depression, its comorbidities and treatment, and childhood body mass index trajectories
Authors: Schwartz Brian S. , Glass Thomas A. , Pollak Jonathan , Hirsch Annemarie G. , Bailey‐Davis Lisa , Moran Timothy H. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveNo prior studies have evaluated depression diagnoses and cumulative antidepressant use in relation to longitudinal body mass index (BMI) trajectories in a population‐representative sample.MethodsElectronic health record data from 105,163 children ages 8 to 18 years with 314,648 BMI values were used. Depression diagnoses were evaluated as ever versus never, cumulative number of encounters with diagnoses, and total duration of diagnoses. Antidepressants were evaluated as months of use. Associations were evaluated with diagnoses alone, antidepressants alone, and then together, adjusting for covariates.ResultsA total of 6,172 (5.9%) and 10,628 (10.1%) children had a diagnosis of depression or received antidepressant treatment, respectively. At all ages, children receiving Medical Assistance (30.9%) were more likely to be treated with antidepressants. Depression diagnosis and antidepressant use were each independently and positively associated with BMI trajectories; associations were stronger with longer durations of diagnosis and treatment. Among children who received 12 or more months of antidepressants (vs. none), the mean (95% CI) weight gain at 18 years associated with antidepressant use (all classes) was 2.10 (1.76–2.45) kg.ConclusionsDepression and antidepressant use were both independently associated with increasing BMIs over time, suggesting an important unintended consequence of healthcare to the obesity epidemic.
Residential proximity to major roadways, fine particulate matter, and adiposity: The framingham heart study
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Dorans Kirsten S. , Wilker Elissa H. , Rice Mary B. , Schwartz Joel , Coull Brent A. , Koutrakis Petros , Gold Diane R. , Fox Caroline S. , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveHigher traffic‐related air pollution has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) among children. However, few studies have assessed the associations among adults.MethodsParticipants (N = 2,372) from the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts who underwent multidetector‐computed tomography scans (2002–2005) were included. Residential‐based proximity to the nearest major roadway and 1‐year average levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution were estimated. BMI was measured at Offspring examination 7 (1998–2001) and Third Generation examination 1 (2002–2005); subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured using multidetector‐computed tomography. Linear regression models were used for continuous BMI, SAT, and VAT and logistic models for the binary indicator of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), adjusting for demographic variables, individual‐ and area‐level measures of socioeconomic position, and clinical and lifestyle factors.ResultsParticipants who lived 60 m from a major roadway had 0.37 kg/m2 higher BMI (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.65 kg/m2), 78.4 cm3 higher SAT (95% CI: 4.5 to 152.3 cm3), and 41.8 cm3 higher VAT (95% CI: −4.7 to 88.2 cm3) than those who lived 440 m away.ConclusionsLiving closer to a major roadway was associated with higher overall and abdominal adiposity.
Baseline gray‐ and white‐matter volume predict successful weight loss in the elderly
Authors: Mokhtari Fatemeh , Paolini Brielle M. , Burdette Jonathan H. , Marsh Anthony P. , Rejeski W. Jack , Laurienti Paul J. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether structural brain phenotypes could be used to predict weight loss success following behavioral interventions in older adults with overweight or obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction.MethodsA support vector machine with a repeated random subsampling validation approach was used to classify participants into the upper and lower halves of the weight loss distribution following 18 months of a weight loss intervention. Predictions were based on baseline brain gray matter and white matter volume from 52 individuals who completed the intervention and a magnetic resonance imaging session.ResultsThe support vector machine resulted in an average classification accuracy of 72.62% based on gray matter and white matter volume. A receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that classification performance was robust based on an area under the curve of 0.82.ConclusionsFindings suggest that baseline brain structure was able to predict weight loss success following 18 months of treatment. The identification of brain structure as a predictor of successful weight loss was an innovative approach to identifying phenotypes for responsiveness to intensive lifestyle interventions. This phenotype could prove useful in future research focusing on the tailoring of treatment for weight loss.
Cardiac‐specific down‐regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b (CPT‐1b) prevents cardiac remodeling in obese mice
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Fang Xianlong , Dai Mingyan , Cao Quan , Tan Tuantuan , He Wenbo , Huang Yan , Chu Liang , Bao Mingwei 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether inhibiting cardiac carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b (CPT‐1b) improves obesity‐related cardiomyopathy.MethodsFour‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. At 6 weeks of age, mice were subjected to intramyocardial injection with lentivirus to down‐regulate the expression of either cardiac CPT‐1b or green fluorescent protein. Morphological, biochemical, functional, histological, and ultrastructural profiles were assessed at 16 weeks of age.ResultsHFD administration elicited obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, and systolic dysfunction accompanied with altered biochemical parameters. In addition, HFD consumption promoted lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species generation in cardiomyocytes and damaged myocardial ultrastructure. Cardiac CPT‐1b silencing protected against HFD‐induced cardiac remodeling by decreasing heart weight/tibial length ratio and increasing left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening, as well as normalizing left ventricular diameter. Meanwhile, CPT‐1b inhibition mitigated the changes in biochemical parameters, aggravated myocardial lipid accumulation, reduced intramyocardial reactive oxygen species production, and partly amended myocardial ultrastructural alterations in obese mice.ConclusionsCardiac CPT‐1b suppression protects against the aggravation of cardiac morphology and function associated with HFD feeding. CPT‐1b represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Association between body mass index percentile trajectories in infancy and adiposity in childhood and early adulthood
Authors: Kwon Soyang , Janz Kathleen F. , Letuchy Elena M. , Burns Trudy L. , Levy Steven M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo identify distinct body mass index (BMI) percentile trajectories during early childhood and examine adiposity levels in childhood and early adulthood according to the BMI percentile trajectories.MethodsIowa Fluoride Study cohort parents (n = 1,093) reported their child's anthropometric data on average six times between ages 0 and 23 months. A subset of the cohort underwent DXA scans at approximately age 8 years (n = 495) and again at approximately age 19 years (n = 314). Group‐based trajectory analysis was conducted to identify distinct BMI percentile trajectories from ages 0 to 23 months. Sex‐specific age‐adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted to compare fat mass index in childhood and early adulthood among subgroups that follow the distinct BMI percentile patterns.ResultsFour BMI percentile patterns were identified: consistently low (group 1: 9.8%), increase in the second year (group 2: 33.7%), increase in the first year (group 3: 23.9%), and consistently high (group 4: 32.6%). Compared with group 2 females, groups 3 and 4 females had higher fat mass index in childhood and early adulthood (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in males.ConclusionsFemales who experience a steep increase of BMI percentile in the first year of life, as opposed to a steep increase in the second year of life, may have higher body fat later in life, but this was not found in males.
Following the CMOS Track
Authors: Schwider Peter Mario 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the late nineties of the last century, it was foreseeable that CMOS image sensor technology would have a very strong and fast evolution due to the shrinking of the CMOS structures and developments in the fields of semiconductor research, microtechnology, nanotechnology and photonics. Early pioneering work already showed that techniques and ideas of CCD image sensors could be transferred to CMOS sensor technology. The rapid growth of digital photography and the smart phone market has sped up the transition process in the last few years.
Analyzing Filiform Corrosion
Authors: Gips Peter , Becker Torben , Oechsner Ulrich , Federau Gregor 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFiliform corrosion is a form of corrosion that particularly affects aluminum coated or painted with anti‐corrosive surface protection layers. Exposure to water and oxygen as well as certain salts enhance the production of corrosion foci that infiltrate the space between the metal and its coating, especially when scratched along cutting edges or imperfections. The corrosion slowly expands into fine outgrowths, which occasionally cover an extensive area.
High‐Speed Recording of Cardiomyocyte Calcium and Contraction
Authors: Louch William E. , Frisk Michael , Eggart Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInvestigating the dynamic balances of ion fluxes, electrical potentials, and pH is crucial to understanding fundamental functions within living cells. Imaging is a common measurement technique used to study these vital parameters. The simultaneous measurement of fluorescent signals and cell shape contraction however, remains challenging due to different wavelengths or alignment of light paths. This article describes the advantages of using the W‐View Gemini image splitting device to observe brightfield and fluorescence signals simultaneously, at a very high acquisition rate.
LED Inspection in a New Dimension
Authors: Dini Christian , Rotem Efi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the past five years, there has been a clear transition from traditional lighting to LED‐based luminaires. On the one hand the regulations across Europe have been modified in order to penetrate more efficient light sources. On the other hand there has been a lot of research going on in many different markets, leading to a wide variety of innovative products and designs. Coming along with enhanced applications there is an increasing need for LED measurement systems.
A phase IIa study of afuresertib, an oral pan‐AKT inhibitor, in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Arceci Robert J. , Allen Carl E. , Dunkel Ira J. , Jacobsen Eric , Whitlock James , Vassallo Robert , Morris Shannon R. , Portnoy Alison , Reedy Beth Ann , Smith Deborah A. , Noble Robert , Murnane Amy , Cornfeld Mark , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Heaney Mark L. , McClain Kenneth , Vaiselbuh Sarah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal neoplasm characterized by widely varied clinical presentations, including multisystem involvement and systemic inflammatory symptoms. The AKT pathway is relevant to survival and proliferation of dendritic cells, and is also often upregulated in hematopoietic malignancies. A clinical response in an adult patient with LCH participating in the first‐in‐human trial of afuresertib prompted this prospective trial.ProcedureThe population in the current study included treatment‐naïve (n = 7) and recurrent/refractory patients with LCH (n = 10), who received oral afuresertib (125 mg). The majority of patients were treated for > 24 weeks, with four patients receiving treatment for > 48 weeks.ResultsPharmacokinetic analysis showed similar exposures in previously reported patients with other hematologic malignancies. Primary drug‐related toxicities included Grade 1/2 nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and vomiting. Grade 3 toxicities included fatigue, diarrhea, and pain (one of each). Another severe adverse event involved soft tissue necrosis. The overall response rate in evaluable subjects was 33% in treatment‐naïve patients and 28% in patients with recurrent/refractory disease, which did not meet the predefined Bayesian criteria for efficacy.ConclusionAfuresertib has clinical activity in some patients with newly diagnosed and advanced LCH.
Auch das Deuteron ist zu klein
Authors: Pohl Randolf 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeit einigen Jahren gibt es eine dramatische Diskrepanz bei der Bestimmung der Größe des Protons. Während Elektron‐Proton‐Streuung und Laserspektroskopie von atomarem Wasserstoff einen Ladungsradius von 0,88 fm liefern, ergab unsere Messung im exotischen myonischen Wasserstoff nur 0,84 fm – 7 Standardabweichungen kleiner als der Mittelwert aller bisherigen Messungen. Dieses Protonradius‐Puzzle wird nun neu befeuert: Auch das Deuteron, bestehend aus einem Proton und einem Neutron, zeigt sich signifikant kleiner, wenn man es mit Myonen vermisst.
Ungewöhnliche Phasen im Flächenland
Authors: Burghard Marko , Gehring Pascal 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDer diesjährige Nobelpreis geht an David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michael Kosterlitz für ihre Modelle, die exotische Phasen in kondensierter Materie beschreiben. Diese bieten neue Perspektiven zur Entwicklung elektronischer Materialien.
Schmelzen und Lösen: thermodynamischer Genusskontrast
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn der Kulinarik sind Aromakontraste oder auch das Spiel mit unerwarteten Reizen gern gesehen. Bitterschokolade, ein kristalliner Festkörper, mit größeren Salzkristallen steuert die Sensorik bewusst mit thermodynamischen Parametern: dem Lösen der Salzkristalle und dem zeitversetzten Schmelzen der Kakaobutter.
Unveiling the impact of regioisomerism defects in the glass transition temperature of PVDF by the mean of the activation energy
Authors: Anousheh Nasim , Godey François , Soldera Armand 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAlternating two groups, CH2 and CF2, of very different polarities along the backbone chain of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) leads to very interesting properties, such as ferroelectricity. However, these properties are affected by the presence of regioisomerism defects (monomer inversion) that appear during the synthesis. In this study, the influence of these defects on the glass transition temperature (Tg) is regarded. Using molecular simulation, we investigated their plasticizer effect. To highlight their role in modifying polymer chain relaxation, the activation energy (Ea) related with conformational transitions is computed. We show that a clear linear relationship can be established between Ea and Tg. Ea is then separated into different contributions associated with each type of bond. Mobility of individual segments can thus be accounted separately from the mobility of the whole chain. As a consequence, Tg of the alternate copolymer ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene (E‐TFE), an isomeric polymer of PVDF, can be deduced. Tg of this copolymer is still source of discussion in the literature. The resulting value, −97 °C, is found in good agreement with some experimental data, and also with Tg extracted from simulated dilatometry. Consequently, local mobility of a polymer chain can be retrieved from the whole mobility, and vice versa. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 419–426
Do nest size and shape characteristics affect nest parasitism rates?
Authors: Hackemack Taylor F. , Loman Zachary G. , Riffell Samuel K. , Rush Scott A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBrown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are obligate brood parasites that lay eggs in host species’ nests. Studies on effects of host nest characteristics (e.g., nest placement, concealment, nest size) on parasitism rates by brown‐headed cowbirds have yielded ambiguous results. To elucidate potential relationships between nest characteristics and brood parasitism rates, we collected data from indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea; n = 68), prairie warbler (Setophaga discolor; n = 30), and yellow‐breasted chat (Icteria virens; n = 127) nests from early successional, managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in Kemper County, Mississippi, USA, during 2012–2013. We recorded concealment, percent canopy cover, nest height (m), and nest morphometrics for each nest to test how these parameters related to frequency of brown‐headed cowbird nest parasitism for each species. We predicted that larger, heavier nests would have an increased likelihood of parasitism. We recorded nest parasitism of 3%, 18%, and 24% for yellow‐breasted chat, indigo bunting, and prairie warbler nests, respectively. Model coefficients for nest size did not differ from zero and nest size metrics did not differ between parasitized and unparasitized nests, thus contradicting our hypotheses and findings of previous studies relating nest size to parasitism. Our results suggest that the relationship between host nests and risk of brown‐headed cowbird parasitism likely varies according to species of interest, geographic location, and features of available habitat. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Prognostic Significance of the Proportion of Tall Cell Components in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Miyauchi Akira , Higashiyama Takuya , Kihara Minoru , Miya Akihiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTall cell variant (TCV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) shows a poorer prognosis than conventional PTC. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification defines TCV as the tall cell component (TCC) in ≥50% of PTC lesions. We investigated whether and how the proportion of TCC affects the prognosis of patients with PTC with TCC.Patients and methodsSeventy patients with TCC in ≥30% of their PTC lesions and 210 age‐ and gender‐matched controls with no TCC who underwent locally curative surgery at Kuma Hospital (2006–2014) were enrolled. The 70 PTC patients were divided into two categories: TCC ≥50% (TCC‐major, n = 19) and TCC 30–49% (TCC‐minor, n = 51). We performed univariate and multivariate analyses of the relationships between disease‐free survival (DFS) and variables including the TCC proportion in 276 patients who had no distant metastases at surgery (median follow‐up 64 months).ResultsIn the univariate analysis, TCC‐major, TCC‐minor, old age (≥65 years), clinical node metastasis, significant extrathyroid extension (Ex), and high Ki‐67 labeling index (≥5%) significantly affected the DFS. In the multivariate analysis, TCC‐major and Ex independently affected the DFS, but TCC‐minor did not. In an analysis excluding TCC‐major patients, TCC‐minor was not an independent prognostic factor for DFS.ConclusionsStudies or larger patient series with longer follow‐ups are necessary, but we speculate that in PTC with TCC, TCC‐major significantly and independently affects the DFS, whereas TCC‐minor does not. Our findings indicate that the WHO definition of TCV is appropriate and that the prognostic impact of TCC‐minor is limited.
Elevation of serum uric acid and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Yi‐Li , Xu Kuan‐Feng , Bai Jian‐Ling , Liu Yun , Yu Rong‐Bin , Liu Chun‐Lan , Shen Chong , Wu Xiao‐Hong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveRecently, several cohort studies suggested a positive relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is inconsistent with the results of functional research. Our aim was to further evaluate this correlation by conducting a systematic review.MethodsComputerized literature searches of the Medline database, EMBASE database, and PubMed were used to evaluate the relationship between SUA and T2DM in cohort studies. Cochran's Q and I2 statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies, and pooled relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects and fixed‐effects models. The summary RR and OR of per 1 mg/ml‐SUA increase were calculated separately because of their different epidemiological implications and calculation methods. Additionally, sensitivity analysis, stratified analysis, meta‐regression, and multiple meta‐regression were applied to investigate the heterogeneity among studies.ResultsA total of 970 articles were retrieved from the searches. Sixteen publications of cohort studies containing 61,714 participants were included. The pooled RR was 1.131 (95% CI: 1.084–1.179) with significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 51.9%, P = 0.018). Adjusted RR to evaluate the stability of the relationship between SUA and T2DM in the sensitivity analysis was similar (RR = 1.140, 95% CI: 1.087–1.197), with statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 54.5%, P = 0.015). Stratified analysis and meta‐regression showed that the positive relationship remained irrespective of age, sex, region, and adjustment for confounding factors including body mass index, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking, blood cholesterol, waist circumference, fatty liver, and drugs affecting SUA.ConclusionAlthough SUA is independently associated with development of T2DM, insulin resistance increased as the baseline SUA concentration increased; thus, the correlation between SUA and T2DM requires further evaluation and the baseline insulin resistance status should also be considered.