bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
БАГАНУУРЫН ОРДЫН НҮҮРСНИЙ ШИНГЭРҮҮЛЭЛТИЙН БОЛОН ШИНЖ ЧАНАРЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Ариунаа А , Цацрал Г , Эрдэнэчимэг Р , Пүрэвсүрэн Б , Дугаржав Ж 
Published: January 2017

The chemical characteristics, pyrolysis and thermal dissolution of Bagnuur lignite coal, which is located in the Central economic region of Mongolia were studied. The proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the Baganuur coal is a low-rank B2 mark lignite coal. Analysis of ash composition of the sample shows Baganuur sample has lower contents of silicium, calcium, aluminum, ferric and zincium oxides. The results of pyrolysis of Baganuur coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield 7.0% of liquid product can be obtained at 600°C. The results of thermal dissolution of Baganuur coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:8) at 450°C show that 40% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.
БЭНСЭН ҮЛГЭР "ГУРВАН УЛСЫН ҮЛГЭР" ДАХЬ ЦАО ЦАОГИЙН ТУХАЙ
Authors: Бао Жью 
Published: January 2017

"Гурван улсын үлгэр" нь бүхэлдээ Хятадын түүхийн нэн дуулиантай зурвас үеийг тусган үзүүлжээ. Шар алчууртны бослогыг даралцсан Сүнь Зян хэмээгч нь Хөх мөрний дунд, доод урсгал хавийн бүс нутагт өөрийн улсыг байгуулж Y хэмээн нэрийдэв. Баруун өмнөд нутагт ноёрхлоо тогтоосон Лю Бэй 221 онд өөрийгөө эзэн хаанд өргөмжлөн Шу улсыг байгуулжээ. Хань улсын төв хэсгийг авч үлдсэн Цао Цаогийн хүүгийн Цао Пэй 220 онд Вэй хэмээх шинэ төр үүсгэн хаанчлан суужээ. Энэ гурван улсын хооронд нэгэн жарны туршид дээд эрх мэдлийн төлөө тэмцэл өрнөж, 280 онд эл гурван улсыг нэгтгэн захирсан Зинь улс байгуулагдсанаар төгсгөл болсон юм. Ийнхүү Шар алчууртны бослого эхэлсэн 189 оноос 280 он хүртэл эл бүхий л дуулиант хэрэг явдлыг хамарсан нэгэн жаран илүү хугацааны түүхийг Луо Гуаньжун энэхүү бүтээлдээ дүрслэн өгүүлсэн байна.
ЦАХИЛДАГНЫ ТӨРЛИЙН УРГАМЛЫН ФИЛОГЕНЕТИК ХОЛБОО
Authors: Алтанзул Х , Оюунбилэг Ю 
Published: January 2017

The phylogenetic relationship of eight Iris species (I.flavisimma, I.ventricosa, I.bungei,I.kaempferi, I.tenuifolia, I.lactea, I.tigrida, I.dichotoma) were studied by PCR using six specificprimers (S-523, Z1204R, trnL, trnF and ITS1, ITS4). All species except I.ventricosa wereidentified when using S-523, Z1204R and trnL, trnF primers and the DNA fragment size rangedbetween 500 to 600 bp and 800 bp, respectively. Primers ITS1 and ITS4 produced double bandsin about 500 and 1500 bp to I.bungei, I.kaempferi, and I.lactea species. On the phylogenetic tree, some iris species have close relations based on chloroplastic DNA sequences. The closest relationships showed between I.sanguinea and I.sibirica, I.rutenica and I.uniflora. Also I.tenuifolia, I.ventricosa and I.halophila located on one branch of phylogenetic tree.
Social and environmental factors modulate leucocyte profiles in free-living Greylag geese (Anser anser)
Authors: Frigerio Didone , Ludwig Sonja C. , Hemetsberger Josef , Kotrschal Kurt , Wascher Claudia A.F. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundBlood parameters such as haematocrit or leucocyte counts are indicators of immune status and health, which can be affected, in a complex way, by exogenous as well as endogenous factors. Additionally, social context is known to be among the most potent stressors in group living individuals, therefore potentially influencing haematological parameters. However, with few exceptions, this potential causal relationship received only moderate scientific attention.MethodsIn a free-living and individually marked population of the highly social and long-lived Greylag goose,Anser anser, we relate variation in haematocrit (HCT), heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H/L) and blood leucocyte counts to the following factors: intrinsic (sex, age, raising condition, i.e. goose- or hand-raised), social (pair-bond status, pair-bond duration and parental experience) and environmental (biologically relevant periods, ambient temperature) factors. Blood samples were collected repeatedly from a total of 105 focal birds during three biologically relevant seasons (winter flock, mating season, summer).ResultsWe found significant relationships between haematological parameters and social as well as environmental factors. During the mating season, unpaired individuals had higher HCT compared to paired and family individuals and this pattern reversed in fall. Similarly, H/L ratio was positively related to pair-bond status in a seasonally dependent way, with highest values during mating and successful pairs had higher H/L ratio than unsuccessful ones. Also, absolute number of leucocytes tended to vary depending on raising condition in a seasonally dependent way.DiscussionHaematology bears a great potential in ecological and behavioural studies on wild vertebrates. In sum, we found that HTC, H/L ratio and absolute number of leucocytes are modulated by social factors and conclude that they may be considered valid indicators of individual stress load.
Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Aragon Alan , Wilborn Colin , Urbina Stacie L. , Hayward Sara E. , Krieger James 
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects were 21 resistance-trained men (>1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a group that consumed a supplement containing 25 g protein and 1 g carbohydrate immediately prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (n = 9) or a group that consumed the same supplement immediately post-exercise (POST-SUPP) (n = 12). The RT protocol consisted of three weekly sessions performed on non-consecutive days for 10 weeks. A total-body routine was employed with three sets of 8–12 repetitions for each exercise. Results showed that pre- and post-workout protein consumption had similar effects on all measures studied (p > 0.05). These findings refute the contention of a narrow post-exercise anabolic window to maximize the muscular response and instead lends support to the theory that the interval for protein intake may be as wide as several hours or perhaps more after a training bout depending on when the pre-workout meal was consumed.
Impact of birth weight and postnatal diet on the gut microbiota of young adult guinea pigs
Authors: Al Kait , Sarr Ousseynou , Dunlop Kristyn , Gloor Gregory B. , Reid Gregor , Burton Jeremy , Regnault Timothy R.H. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota is essential to metabolic health, and the prevalence of the Western diet (WD) high in fat and sugar is increasing, with evidence highlighting a negative interaction between the GIT and WD, resulting in liver dysfunction. Additionally, an adversein uteroenvironment such as placental insufficiency resulting in low birth weight (LBW) offspring, contributes to an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as fatty liver infiltration and liver dysfunction in later life. We sought to understand the potential interactive effects of exposure to a WD upon growing LBW offspring. We postulated that LBW offspring when challenged with a poor postnatal diet, would display an altered microbiota and more severe liver metabolic dysfunction.MethodsThe fecal microbiota of normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW young guinea pig offspring, weaned onto either a control diet (CD) or WD was determined with 16S rRNA gene next generation sequencing at young adulthood following the early rapid growth phase after weaning. A liver blood chemistry profile was also performed.ResultsThe life-long consumption of WD following weaning into young adulthood resulted in increased total cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase levels in association with an altered GIT microbiota when compared to offspring consuming CD. Neither birth weight nor sex were associated with any significant changes in microbiota alpha diversity, by measuring the Shannon’s diversity index. One hundred forty-eight operational taxonomic units were statistically distinct between the diet groups, independent of birth weight. In the WD group, significant decreases were detected inBarnesiella, Methanobrevibacter smithiiand relatives ofOscillospira guillermondii, whileButyricimonasandBacteroides spp.were increased.DiscussionThese results describe the GIT microbiota in a guinea pig model of LBW and WD associated metabolic syndrome and highlight several WD specific GIT alterations associated with human metabolic disease.
Metabolic monitoring in children 5 years of age and younger prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medications
Authors: Kauffman Yardlee S. , Delate Thomas , Botts Sheila 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this article was to identify the rates of patients ≤5 years of age who received recommended monitoring before and after second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) initiation and had an SGA metabolic adverse effect (MAE).
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted at Kaiser Permanente Colorado, an integrated health care delivery system, between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2011. Commercially insured patients ≤5 years of age newly initiated on an SGA were included. Patients were followed for up to 3 years. Metabolic monitoring included lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, and weight measurements. Patient characteristics and outcomes were described using descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 40 patients were included. Overall, 2 (5.0%) patients received all recommended baseline monitoring, and no (0.0%) patients received all recommended follow-up monitoring. Weight monitoring was completed most frequently with rates of completion of 57.5%, 95.0%, 85.0%, and 76.5% at baseline and years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At least 1 MAE was identified in 14/40 (35.0%), 5/28 (17.9%), and 2/17 (11.8%) patients during years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The most frequent MAE identified was weight gain. Among patients identified with at least 1 MAE, 4/14 (28.6%), 2/5 (40.0%), and 2/2 (100%) received a behavioral intervention during years 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Discussion: Overall, baseline and follow-up metabolic monitoring were poor. Future studies should focus on examining barriers to monitoring in order to improve health care quality.
Topiramate in the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome: A case report
Authors: East Nicole , Maroney Megan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurologic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15, is characterized by such symptoms as hypotonia, hypogonadism, hyperphagia, cognitive impairment, and difficult behaviors. One of the most concerning symptoms is hyperphagia, which can lead to uncontrolled obesity. Obesity is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with PWS; however, diagnosing PWS early in life improves the prognosis.
Case Summary: An 11-year-old African American boy with a past medical history significant for PWS, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, obesity, and asthma was admitted after he became violent and destructive at his foster home while trying to get food. The patient had a 28-day stay on the children's crisis intervention unit where quetiapine was discontinued and he was maintained on clonidine 0.1 mg 3 times daily, hydroxyzine 25 mg in the morning and 50 mg at bedtime, montelukast 5 mg daily and titrated on methylphenidate 10 mg in the morning and 5 mg in the afternoon, topiramate 100 mg twice daily, and aripiprazole 10 mg twice daily. The patient displayed improved behavior control and less food-related aggression; he denied any side effects of medications.
Discussion: This case demonstrates the positive effects of topiramate for reducing aggression and demand for food in a child with PWS most likely due to an increase in satiety. It is hard to definitively attribute the positive response directly to topiramate. Further research should be conducted to determine if topiramate is an effective treatment option in these individuals.
Ayahuasca: An ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?
Authors: Malcolm Benjamin J. , Lee Kelly C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAyahuasca is a traditional psychoactive sacrament that's been used in Amazonian shamanic rituals for hundreds of years. Ayahuasca is notorious for its psychedelic properties produced from the combination of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) found in the Banisteriopsis caapi vine and N-N-dimethyltryptamine from Psychotria viridis or Diplopterys cabrerana. Recently, ritual use of ayahuasca has increased and garnered attention for its potential in treating mental illnesses, such as substance use and depressive disorders. Due to its MAOI properties, there are serious drug interactions that may be of concern among patients who participate in ayahuasca use. The objectives of this paper are to describe ayahuasca's pharmacology, potential drug interactions, and clinical data for its treatment potential in psychiatric illness.
Nonlinear effects associated with quasi‐electrostatic whistler waves relevant to that in radiation belts
Authors: Goyal R. , Sharma R. P. , Kumar S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA model is proposed to study the dynamics of high‐amplitude quasi‐electrostatic whistler waves propagating near resonance cone angle and their interaction with low‐frequency kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in Earth's radiation belts. The wave dynamics clearly indicates the whistlers having quasi‐electrostatic character when propagating close to resonance cone angle. A high‐amplitude whistler wave packet is obtained using the present analysis which has also been observed by S/WAVES (STEREO/WAVES) instrument onboard STEREO (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory). A numerical simulation technique has been employed to study the localization of quasi‐electrostatic whistler waves in radiation belts. The ponderomotive force of pump quasi‐electrostatic whistlers (high frequency) is used to excite low‐frequency waves (KAWs). The turbulent spectrum obtained using the analysis suggests the presence of quasi‐electrostatic whistlers and density fluctuations associated with KAW in radiation belts plasma. The wave localization and steeper spectra could be responsible for particle energization or heating in radiation belts.
Variations in the transport, distribution, and budget of 210Pb in sediment over the estuarine and inner shelf areas of the East China Sea due to Changjiang catchment changes
Authors: Gao J. H. , Jia J. , Sheng H. , Yu R. , Li G. C. , Wang Y. P. , Yang Y. , Zhao Y. , Li J. , Bai F. , Xie W. , Wang A. , Zou X. , Gao S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo investigate the impact of changes in the Changjiang catchment on the estuarine coast‐shelf sedimentary system, variations in the transport, distribution, and budget of 210Pb in the sediment of the Changjiang subaqueous delta (CSD) and the Zhejiang‐Fujian coastal mud belt (ZFCMB) system were analyzed before and after the impounding of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). The results indicate that the 210Pbex activity in the surficial sediments of the CSD‐ZFCMB decreased significantly after 2003 and that the surficial and vertical distribution of the 210Pbex activity in the CSD changed substantially due to intensified sediment redistribution. The 210Pb contribution of the Changjiang catchment to the CSD‐ZFCMB is not negligible. Due to the trapping effect of the TGD, 76 ± 49% of the 210Pb supply from the Changjiang upstream areas was retained in the TGD, resulting in the 210Pb flux into the sea decreased substantially. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the cross‐shelf plume provides a major conduit for the transport of 210Pb over the East China Sea. The variation in the 210Pb budget in the sediment of the CSD‐ZFCMB also indicated that the influence of Changjiang catchment changes on the 210Pbex and supported 210Pb activities will become more significant in the future. In addition, the rate of 210Pb burial in the sediments of the ZFCMB decreased, whereas the retention index of 210Pb and the amount of 210Pb retained in the CSD increased significantly, suggesting that after 2003, the material transfer function of the CSD weakened.
Rapid prediction of electric fields associated with geomagnetically induced currents in the presence of three‐dimensional ground structure: Projection of remote magnetic observatory data through magnetotelluric impedance tensors
Authors: Bonner L R. , Schultz Adam 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGround level electric fields arising from geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) are used by the electric power industry to calculate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the power grid. Current industry practice is limited to electric fields associated with 1‐D ground electrical conductivity structure, yet at any given depth in the crust and mantle lateral (3‐D) variations in conductivity can span at least 3 orders of magnitude, resulting in large deviations in electric fields relative to 1‐D models. Solving Maxwell's equations for electric fields associated with GMDs above a 3‐D Earth is computationally burdensome and currently impractical for industrial applications. A computationally light algorithm is proposed as an alternative. Real‐time data from magnetic observatories are projected through multivariate transfer functions to locations of previously occupied magnetotelluric (MT) stations. MT time series and impedance tensors, such as those publically available from the NSF EarthScope Program, are used to scale the projected magnetic observatory data into local electric field predictions that can then be interpolated onto points along power grid transmission lines to actively improve resilience through GIC modeling. Preliminary electric field predictions are tested against previously recorded time series, idealized transfer function cases, and existing industry methods to assess the validity of the algorithm for potential adoption by the power industry. Some limitations such as long‐period diurnal drift are addressed, and solutions are suggested to further improve the method before direct comparisons with actual GIC measurements are made.
Unsupervised network mapping of commercially available immunoassay yields three distinct chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes
Authors: Divekar Rohit , Rank Matthew , Squillace Diane , Kita Hirohito , Lal Devyani 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundEndotyping chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) through simplified cytokine assays may help direct individualized therapy such as corticosteroids, antibiotics, or biologics. We performed an unsupervised network analysis to endotype CRS and control subjects using a commercially available cytokine‐chemokine immunoassay.MethodsA 41‐plex cytokine‐chemokine array along with major basic protein (MBP) assay was performed on sinonasal surgical tissue of 32 adults. Subjects were defined as non‐CRS controls (n = 6), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; n = 13), and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP; n = 13). Unsupervised network modeling was performed to reveal association cytokine‐chemokine (“analyte”) clusters and “subject” groups.ResultsNetwork mapping and unsupervised clustering revealed 3 analyte clusters and 3 subject groups. Analyte cluster‐1 was composed of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th17 type markers, analyte cluster‐2 Th2 markers, and analyte cluster‐3 chemokines (CC) and growth factors (GF). Subject group‐1 was devoid of CRSwNP, had fewer asthmatics, and was associated most strongly with analyte cluster‐3 (CC/GF) (p < 0.001). Subject group‐2 was characterized with the most asthmatics (86%) and CRSwNP (100%) patients, and was associated with analyte cluster‐2 (Th2; p < 0.001). Subject group‐3 was associated with both analyte cluster‐1 (Th1/Th17) and analyte cluster‐3 (CC/GF) (p < 0.001), and had the highest proportion of CRSsNP patients (62.5%). Tissue levels of MBP, eosinophilia, and computed tomography (CT) scores were significantly higher in subject group‐2 vs other groups (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionAn unbiased network‐mapping approach using a commercially available immunoassay kit reveals 3 distinct tissue cytokine‐chemokine signatures that endotype CRS patients and controls. These signatures are prominent even in a limited number of patients, and may help formulate individualized therapy and optimize outcomes.
An Agostic Iridium Pincer Complex as a Highly Efficient and Selective Catalyst for Monoisomerization of 1‐Alkenes to trans‐2‐Alkenes
Authors: Wang Yulei , Qin Chuan , Jia Xiangqing , Leng Xuebing , Huang Zheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA unique Ir complex (tBuNCCP)Ir with the pyridine–phosphine pincer as the sole ligand, featuring a dual agostic interaction between the Ir and two σ C−H bonds from a tBu substituent, has been prepared. This complex exhibits exceptionally high activity and excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity for monoisomerization of 1‐alkenes to trans‐2‐alkenes with wide functional‐group tolerance. Reactions can be performed in neat reactant on a more than 100 gram scale using 0.005 mol % catalyst loadings with turnover numbers up to 19000.
Gas‐Phase Formation of the Disilavinylidene (H2SiSi) Transient
Authors: Yang Tao , Dangi Beni B. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Chao Kang‐Heng , Sun Bing‐Jian , Chang Agnes H. H. , Nguyen Thanh Lam , Stanton John F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe hitherto elusive disilavinylidene (H2SiSi) molecule, which is in equilibrium with the mono‐bridged (Si(H)SiH) and di‐bridged (Si(H2)Si) isomers, was initially formed in the gas‐phase reaction of ground‐state atomic silicon (Si) with silane (SiH4) under single‐collision conditions in crossed molecular beam experiments. Combined with state‐of‐the‐art electronic structure and statistical calculations, the reaction was found to involve an initial formation of a van der Waals complex in the entrance channel, a submerged barrier to insertion, intersystem crossing (ISC) from the triplet to the singlet manifold, and hydrogen migrations. These studies provide a rare glimpse of silicon chemistry on the molecular level and shed light on the remarkable non‐adiabatic reaction dynamics of silicon, which are quite distinct from those of isovalent carbon systems, providing important insight that reveals an exotic silicon chemistry to form disilavinylidene.
A Versatile Approach for Site‐Specific Lysine Acylation in Proteins
Authors: Wang Zhipeng A. , Kurra Yadagiri , Wang Xin , Zeng Yu , Lee Yan‐Jiun , Sharma Vangmayee , Lin Hening , Dai Susie Y. , Liu Wenshe R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing amber suppression in coordination with a mutant pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase‐tRNAPyl pair, azidonorleucine is genetically encoded in E. coli. Its genetic incorporation followed by traceless Staudinger ligation with a phosphinothioester allows the convenient synthesis of a protein with a site‐specifically installed lysine acylation. By simply changing the phosphinothioester identity, any lysine acylation type could be introduced. Using this approach, we demonstrated that both lysine acetylation and lysine succinylation can be installed selectively in ubiquitin and synthesized histone H3 with succinylation at its K4 position (H3K4su). Using an H3K4su‐H4 tetramer as a substrate, we further confirmed that Sirt5 is an active histone desuccinylase. Lysine succinylation is a recently identified post‐translational modification. The reported technique makes it possible to explicate regulatory functions of this modification in proteins.