bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More transparency, more trust: Evidence from anti‐corruption campaign in China
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Sun Daxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA large body of literature has emphasized the importance of trust in the process of modernization and marketization due to its key role in reducing transaction cost, coordinating interpersonal relationships, and maintaining social harmony, limited attentions have been paid to the political setting. To address this research gap, our study empirically examines the relationship between governmental anti‐corruption effort and individual's trust. The anti‐corruption campaign since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China can serve as an excellent quasi‐natural‐experiment in this study to measure the extent to which governments devotes themselves to control corruption. Using the trace dataset of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) surveys over the period 2012 to 2016, we find that there is a positive relationship between exposure to anti‐corruption campaign and personal political and social trust. Furthermore, our results suggest that this positive effect will be more pronounced when people are nonparty members and affiliated with rural communities, while more salient for those located in east region of China. This study contributes to the literature on spillover of government corruption by linking anti‐corruption campaign and individual‐level trust. Moreover, we also add values in the literature on the determinants of personal trust by providing political explanation.
The feasibility of a Swiss complex interprofessional intervention to improve the management of procedural pain in neonates in the Finnish context: A qualitative study
Authors: Mäki‐Asiala Mariaana , Balice‐Bourgois Colette , Axelin Anna , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the feasibility of the Swiss complex interprofessional intervention, NEODOL© (NEOnato DOLore), for improving the management of procedural pain in neonates in the Finnish context.BackgroundInterprofessional collaboration is important for all professionals involved in the care of neonates and for neonates' parents, to understand the appropriate use of non‐pharmacological and/or pharmacological methods for each pain situation and how to assess pain in real‐life situations. Appropriate methods of pain relief for neonates should be preferred as they protect the development of the neonate's brain.DesignA descriptive qualitative design.MethodData were collected through semi‐structured focus group discussions following the Medical Research Council's framework for evaluation of complex interventions, in this case NEODOL© which aims to improve the procedural pain management of neonates. A purposive sample (n = 13) included eleven professionals representing various professions within Finnish Neonatal Intensive Care Units and two parents of infants who have received care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis, and the results were reported in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.ResultsProfessionals' and parents' evaluations suggest that NEODOL© is feasible, because it is consistent and addresses a current need. They assessed its overall content to be relevant and accessible, and its components to be internally coherent. However, they emphasise the need for further evaluation and refinement of the intervention to achieve the desired outcomes and cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsWhile NEODOL© is considered feasible, it requires further evaluation and refinement in the local context of each hospital before implementation.
Developing Relational Pedagogical Techniques in Comparative Christian–Muslim Courses
Authors: Nickel Breanna J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe article acknowledges the limits of the categories of similarity and difference in undergraduate comparative religion courses. To challenge these limitations, including the potential for dualistic or “us/them” thinking, several pedagogical attempts to increase relationality in Christian–Muslim courses are explored. Relational methods include emphasizing living and public interreligious conversations during class segments on scriptural figures as well as humanizing perpetrators of religiously motivated violence.
A multispecies study reveals the diversity and potential regulatory role of long noncoding RNAs in cucurbits
Authors: Villalba‐Bermell Pascual , Marquez‐Molins Joan , Gomez Gustavo 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYPlant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit features such as tissue‐specific expression, spatiotemporal regulation, and stress responsiveness. Although diverse studies support the regulatory role of lncRNAs in model plants, our knowledge about lncRNAs in crops is limited. We employ a custom pipeline on a dataset of over 1000 RNA‐seq samples across nine representative species of the family Cucurbitaceae to predict 91 209 nonredundant lncRNAs. The lncRNAs were characterized according to three confidence levels and classified by their genomic context into intergenic, natural antisense, intronic, and sense‐overlapping. Compared with protein‐coding genes, lncRNAs were, on average, expressed at low levels and displayed significantly higher specificity when considering tissue, developmental stages, and stress responsiveness. The evolutionary analysis indicates higher positional conservation than sequence conservation, probably linked to the conserved modular motifs within syntenic lncRNAs. Moreover, a positive correlation between the expression of intergenic/natural antisense lncRNAs and their closest/parental gene was observed. For those intergenic, the correlation decreases with the distance to the neighboring gene, supporting that their potential cis‐regulatory effect is within a short‐range. Furthermore, the analysis of developmental studies showed that a conserved NAT‐lncRNA family is differentially expressed in a coordinated way with their cognate sense protein‐coding genes. These genes code for proteins associated with phloem development, thus providing insights about the potential involvement of some of the identified lncRNAs in a developmental process. We expect that this extensive inventory will constitute a valuable resource for further research lines focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms mediated by lncRNAs in cucurbits.
Arabidopsis hydathodes are sites of auxin accumulation and nutrient scavenging
Authors: Routaboul Jean‐Marc , Bellenot Caroline , Olympio Aurore , Clément Gilles , Citerne Sylvie , Remblière Céline , Charvin Magali , Franke Lars , Chiarenza Serge , Vasselon Damien , Jardinaud Marie‐Françoise , Carrère Sébastien , Nussaume Laurent , Laufs Patrick , Leonhardt Nathalie , Navarro Lionel , Schattat Martin , Noël Laurent D. 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYHydathodes are small organs found on the leaf margins of vascular plants which release excess xylem sap through a process called guttation. While previous studies have hinted at additional functions of hydathode in metabolite transport or auxin metabolism, experimental support is limited. We conducted comprehensive transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological analyses of mature Arabidopsis hydathodes. This study identified 1460 genes differentially expressed in hydathodes compared to leaf blades, indicating higher expression of most genes associated with auxin metabolism, metabolite transport, stress response, DNA, RNA or microRNA processes, plant cell wall dynamics and wax metabolism. Notably, we observed differential expression of genes encoding auxin‐related transcriptional regulators, biosynthetic processes, transport and vacuolar storage supported by the measured accumulation of free and conjugated auxin in hydathodes. We also showed that 78% of the total content of 52 xylem metabolites was removed from guttation fluid at hydathodes. We demonstrate that NRT2.1 and PHT1;4 transporters capture nitrate and inorganic phosphate in guttation fluid, respectively, thus limiting the loss of nutrients during this process. Our transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses unveil an organ with its specific physiological and biological identity.
Simulation of Interfacial Waves in Core-Annular Pipe Flow With a Turbulent Annulus
Authors: Li Haoyu , Pourquié Mathieu , Ooms Gijs , Henkes Ruud 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Numerical simulations are conducted for the wave initiation, growth, and saturation at the oil–water interface in core-annular flow (CAF). The focus is on conditions with a turbulent water annulus, but the laminar water annulus is also considered. The simulation results are compared with lab measurements. The growth rate for the linear instability of different wavelengths in the case of a turbulent water annulus is obtained from two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations with the Launder–Sharma low-Reynolds number k–ε model. The latter simulation results provide the most unstable wavelength for the turbulent water annulus. Our study also shows the following. The maximum wave growth rate for a turbulent water annulus is significantly higher than for a laminar water annulus. The most unstable wavelength in the simulations is about 25% smaller than in the experiments. The wave amplitude for the different wavelengths in the simulations is typically 17% lower than in the experiments.
On Using the Distributor as a Multi Degree-of-Freedom System to Mitigate the Pressure Pulsation in an Axial Turbine at Speed-No-Load
Authors: Kranenbarg Jelle , Jonsson Pontus P. , Mulu Berhanu G. , Sundström Joel , Cervantes Michel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic axial turbines are more frequently utilized for grid regulation purposes. Sometimes, they must be operated at speed-no-load (SNL) conditions, which is characterized for some machines by a varying number of large vortical flow structures extending from the vaneless space to the draft tube, introducing detrimental pressure pulsations throughout the turbine. A recent study shows that the vortices can be mitigated by individually controlling the guide vanes. Since optimization of the distributor layout is linked with a large degree-of-freedom, machine learning is deployed to assist in finding an optimal setup cost-effectively. A reduced numerical computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model is built and used to generate input for Gaussian process regression surrogate models by performing 2000 steady-state simulations with varying distributor layouts. The surrogate models suggest that the optimal layout is to open seven out of 20 guide vanes in succession while keeping the remaining ones closed. However, this configuration induces large radial forces on the runner, and after implementing some modifications by trial and error, detailed time-dependent CFD simulations show that placing 4 + 3 opened guide vanes on opposite sides of the runner axis is better; it reduces the pressure peaks corresponding to a two- and three-vortex configuration, and the maximal pressure pulsations by as much as 88% in the vaneless space compared to regular SNL operation. Meanwhile, the radial force on the runner is reduced by more than 83%, and pressure pulsations on the runner blades by more than 55%, compared to the surrogate models' optimal layout prediction.
Study of the Flow Characteristics of Pumped Media in the Confined Morphology of a Ferrofluid Pump With Annular Microscale Constraints
Authors: Li Wangxu , Li Zhenggui , Han Wei , Li Decai , Yan Shengnan , Zhou Juping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The driving mechanism of ferrofluid micropumps under the constraints of an annular microscale morphology is not fully understood. The gap between microfabrication technology and the fundamental theory of microfluidics has become a substantial obstacle to the development and application of ferrofluid micropumps. In this study, we first theoretically analyzed the Knudsen numbers of millimeter-scale microfluids using Jacobson's molecular hard sphere model, obtaining the initial conclusion that liquid flow conforms to the continuum hypothesis in geometric morphologies with characteristic dimensions greater than 7 × 10−8 m. Subsequently, using a microscopic lens combined with the particle image velocimetry optical measurement method, the flow patterns in millimeter-scale annular flow channels were captured and we observed wall slip phenomena in which the slip length of the millimeter-scale channel approached the micron level. The slip velocity and flowrate through the cross section of the microscale channel followed a logarithmic function relationship and could be divided into rapid growth, slow growth, and stable stages. As the characteristic scale of the channel was further reduced, the linear relationship between the slip velocity and cross-sectional flowrate in the rapid growth stage was broken, and the nonlinear relationship approximated an exponential function. Finally, a theoretical model for the flow behavior of the driving fluid in a ferrofluid micropump was established using slip boundary conditions. The flow patterns in microscale ring flow under slip conditions conformed to a quadratic function.
Effect of Trailing Edge and Span Morphing on the Performance of an Optimized NACA6409 Wing in Ground Effect
Authors: Clements Dominic , Djidjeli Kamal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation was carried out on a three-dimensional NACA6409 wing in ground effect at a Reynolds number of 320,000. Using a multi-objective-SHERPA algorithm, a root angle of 4 deg angle of attack, a tip angle of 6 deg, a forward sweep, and a tip chord of 20% of the root chord produced an optimum aerodynamic efficiency across all ground clearances. Optimization showed a gain in aerodynamic efficiency of 41% at h/c = 0.05 ground clearance and a 31% gain at h/c = 0.2 compared to a rectangular planform wing. Next, fish bone active camber (FishBAC) morphing was applied to the optimized wing varying the morphing start locations along the chord at both the tip and root. A later start location produced the highest aerodynamic efficiency but increased manufacturing complexity. Extendable span morphing was also tested and was found that increasing the span from 1c to 1.5c increased the aerodynamic efficiency of the optimized wing by 27.4% at h/c = 0.1. Varying the span from 0.8c to 1.2c in ground effect had a small effect on the drag for small ground clearances; for large ground clearances, the total drag decreased as the span increased. Smaller gains were seen when the span morphing was applied to the rectangular wing. The FishBAC morphing was applied in the spanwise direction to morph the wingtip, sealing the flow beneath the wing. Also, the proportion of the morphing wingtip caused the trailing edge to be closer to the ground further enhancing ground effect.
Oblique Wave Scattering by a Pair of Asymmetric Inverse Π-Shaped Breakwater
Authors: Sharma Priya , Sarkar Biman , De Soumen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The topic of wave scattering by different breakwaters has unfolded over the past few decades, largely driven by the profound impacts of global climate change. In this study, a completely new type of breakwater, inverse Π-shaped breakwater, has been taken into account for serving both purposes from analytical as well as an application point of view. During the formulation, the actual physical problem is transferred into a boundary value problem by employing the small amplitude water wave theory. With the aid of eigenfunction expansion, the problem is reduced to a set of integral equations having square-root singularities at the submerged edges of thin structures. To address such singularities, a multi-term Galerkin approximation technique is used along with Chebyshev polynomials (multiplied with suitable weights) as basis functions. The numerical methodology employed here validates with different previous literatures as special cases. Then, numerical solutions of the reflection and transmission coefficients, hydrodynamic forces are graphically illustrated across various dimensionless structural parameters. In summary, the present paper offers valuable insights into the dynamics of wave scattering by a pair of asymmetric inverse bottom-mounted Π-shaped breakwater, emphasizing the role of different non-dimensional parameters in this system.
Effects of Aerodynamic Damping and Gyroscopic Moments on Dynamic Responses of a Semi-Submersible Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: An Experimental Study
Authors: Jiang Yingying , Cheng Zhengshun , Chen Peng , Liu Lei , Yang Lijun , Xiao Longfei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Floating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) offer certain advantages over floating horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs), particularly in terms of the potential to lower the cost of energy. In this study, a 5 MW floating VAWT concept with three straight blades and a semi-submersible hull deployed in a water depth of 42 m was presented. In addition, the experimental setup is introduced, and calibration tests are also performed to validate the physical model system. Subsequently, the aerodynamic damping and gyroscopic moment effects were investigated by wind/wave basin model tests with a scale ratio of 1/50. Results indicate that aerodynamic damping can suppress the fluctuations of the platform's surge and pitch motion at their respective resonance frequencies and tends to increase with wind speed at below-rated wind speed. Additionally, surge-induced and pitch-induced aerodynamic damping hardly affect the wave frequency response. Meanwhile, the surge natural frequency is substantially altered due to the wind loads. The rotating rotor and pitch motion of the platform together excite significant gyroscopic moments, leading to noticeable oscillations in roll motion. Additionally, there is an increasing trend in the gyroscopic moment effect with rotational speed. During normal operation of the floating VAWT, aerodynamic damping and gyroscopic moment together influence hull roll/pitch motions. Overall, this study contributes to providing valuable insights into the motion characteristics of floating VAWTs.
Evolution of Lubrication Characteristics of Double-Nut Ball Screws Based on an Efficient Surface Roughness Modeling Method
Authors: Shen Junwan , Zhou Changguang , Feng Hutian , Chen Zengtao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of lubrication characteristics, specifically film thickness and pressure distribution, is pivotal for ensuring optimal performance in ball screws. Despite its significance, there is a notable dearth of studies investigating the evolution of lubrication characteristics resulting from the changing surface roughness over prolonged operation of ball screws. Furthermore, obtaining the surface roughness of ball screws poses a challenge due to the limited loading capacity of measurement instruments. Traditional methods involving cutting the screw for surface roughness measurement are impractical for continuous monitoring during extended operation. To address this issue, the present study introduces an efficient approach to model the surface roughness of the raceway in double-nut ball screws. A profilometer is employed to measure profile roughness along two directions (parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction) without the need to cut the screw raceway. The 2D power spectral densities and height probability densities of profile roughness are calculated to model the surface roughness, and the synthesized data are utilized to solve the Reynolds equation. The simulation method is validated through friction torque tests, demonstrating a calculation accuracy exceeding 92%. The study further explores the evolution of film thickness and pressure distribution in double-nut ball screws during running-in and steady wear stages, revealing severe asperity contact in the two nuts. Additionally, variations in load ratio, friction coefficient, and film thickness ratio (λ) are investigated. Considering the load ratio and λ of the slave nut, it can be inferred that boundary lubrication persists in the two nuts throughout the operation.
Anisotropy in Chip Formation in Orthogonal Cutting of Rolled Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Tamura Shoichi , Matsumura Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The increasing demand for titanium alloys in aerospace and medical device industries stems from their lightweight and high strength properties. Enhancing machining technologies for titanium alloys is critical for reducing production time and costs. This study investigates the anisotropy in machining of rolled titanium alloy plates with orthogonal cutting tests. The mechanical properties of these plates exhibit anisotropy due to the rolled texture of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure. Observations of chip morphologies and cutting forces are conducted with changing cutting direction angles relative to the rolling direction. The result shows that the chip morphology is influenced by the cutting direction angle. When cutting parallel to the rolling direction with an orthogonal cutting tool with 30-deg rake angle, serration free chips are produced, while perpendicular cutting results in serrated chips. The chip thickness, the serration pitch, and the serration length vary with the cutting direction angle. The serration length is associated with an anisotropic deformation index, which characterizes anisotropic behavior in chip formation. Lower index values suppress the formation of undesirable serrated chips. It is expected that the anisotropic deformation index will be applied to the control of serrated chip formation in practical machining processes.
Frequency Domain Analysis of Transient Discharge Pressure Harmonics for Clogging Detection in Wastewater Pumps
Authors: Brokhausen Florian , Rost Lena Marie , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to the heterogeneous nature of wastewater, the operation of wastewater pumps exhibits challenges beyond the optimization of efficiency and hydraulic performance. Instead, operationality is a paramount feature. The main cause for malfunctions in wastewater pumps is the phenomenon of clogging of the pump impeller to a state of total blockage. There exist automatic procedures to resolve this type of clogging, most prevailing the so-called cleaning sequence. However, the current implementation in practice exhibits the downside of under-determined triggering solutions. This work presents a step towards the identification of the clogging state of a pump and the subsequent leverage as a trigger for an automated cleaning sequence. By analyzing the discharge pressure of an exemplary wastewater pump in the frequency domain, intricate characteristics in salient frequencies are demonstrated to be an indicative proxy for the clogging state of the pump impeller. In detail, the pump under observation showed a highly increased amplitude at the blade passing frequency as well as its second harmonic. Compared to clear water operation, the magnitude of these pressure pulsations showed an average increase of over 600% due to clogging of the impeller.