bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and characterization of bovine coronavirus and rotavirus in calves in Ethiopia
Authors: Redda Yisehak Tsegaye , Adamu Haileeyesus , Bergholm Julia , Lindahl Johanna F. , Blomström Anne-Lie , Berg Mikael , Sisay Tessema Tesfaye 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Bovine rotavirus A (BRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) cause significant diarrhea in young calves, leading to health issues and economic losses in the cattle industry. This study aimed to detect and molecularly characterize BRVA and BCoV in calves from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fecal samples were collected from 105 calves under six months old, both with and without diarrhea. BRVA and BCoV were detected using quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), followed by genome sequencing for phylogenetic analysis and genotype determination.

Results
BRVA was found in 3.8% of the calves, while BCoV was detected in 2.9%. The identified rotavirus genotypes included G10, found in diarrheic calves, and G8, found in a non-diarrheic calf. All BCoV infections occurred in diarrheic calves. Phylogenetic analysis of the BCoV spike protein 1 (S1) hypervariable region (HVR) and hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene revealed close relationships with European and Asian strains. The S1 HVR of the current virus sequence PQ249423 was 100% identical at the nucleotide level to previously reported sequences from Ethiopia. Six amino acid substitutions in the HE gene of the current BCoVs were identified compared to the reference Mebus strain of BCoV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the current G8 BRVA sequences clustered with bovine, caprine, and human rotavirus strains, while the G10 viruses formed a distinct cluster with bovine strains. The G10 viruses showed a 99.37% nucleotide sequence similarity to a previously reported BRVA from Ethiopia, and the G8 virus displayed the highest nucleotide similarity with a caprine isolate from India. Gene segment analysis of the current BRVA viruses indicated varying similarities with human, bovine, caprine, and porcine rotavirus strains, suggesting a potential reassortment event involving artiodactyl, human, and porcine rotavirus.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the presence of BRVA and BCoV in Ethiopian dairy calves and provides insights into their genetic diversity. Genetic analysis of BCoV revealed close relationships with strains from Europe and Asia. G10 and G8 were the identified BRVA genotypes, with G8 reported for the first time in Ethiopia. Future research should focus on broader sampling and molecular characterization to understand genetic diversity and devise effective control measures.
Pathways to strengthening the epidemic intelligence workforce
Authors: Tornimbene Barbara , Leiva Rioja Zoila Beatriz , Aderinola Olaolu , Cucunubá Zulma M. , González-Uribe Catalina , Mihailov Danil , Riley Steven , Tak Sang-woo , Morgan Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The evolving landscape of public health surveillance demands a proficient and diverse workforce adept in data science and analysis. This report summarises discussions from the third session of the WHO Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Innovation Forum, focusing on workforce readiness and technological advancements in epidemic intelligence. The forum emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinary surveillance teams equipped with advanced data skills. Digital tools play a transformative role in data collection and analysis, enabling real-time tracking, integration, and interpretation of diverse data sources. However, effective surveillance relies on inclusive representation and skill development. Collaborative surveillance and interdisciplinary training programs were emphasized as critical pathways to enhance workforce capacity, decision-making, and equity in public health. Case studies from Nigeria, Korea, the UK, and Colombia showcase the role of digital tools and contextual expertise in addressing surveillance gaps. Sustained institutional support, cross-sector partnerships, and investments in data literacy and workforce development are pivotal for creating resilient and inclusive public health systems.
Prenatal inflammation exacerbates hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury
Authors: Serdar Meray , Walther Kay-Anja , Gallert Markus , Kempe Karina , Obst Stefanie , Labusek Nicole , Herrmann Ralf , Herz Josephine , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Bendix Ivo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Premature born infants are at high risk to develop white matter injury (WMI). Hyperoxia and perinatal inflammation are main risk factors for preterm birth and associated brain injury. To date the majority of experimental studies have focused on isolated insults. However, clinically, WMI injury is a multifactorial disorder caused by a variety of triggers. To establish a clinically relevant rodent model of WMI, we combined prenatal inflammation with postnatal hyperoxia to investigate individual, and additive or synergistic effects on inflammatory processes, myelination and grey matter development.

Methods
At embryonic day 20, pregnant Wistar rat dams received either a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 µg/ kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sodium chloride. Offspring were either exposed to hyperoxia (80% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) from postnatal day 3 to 5. Animals were sacrificed immediately after hyperoxia or 6 days later, corresponding to term-equivalent age. White and grey matter development and neuroinflammatory responses were investigated at cellular and molecular levels applying immunohistochemistry, western blotting, real time PCR in brain tissues and multiplex protein expression analysis on serum samples.

Results
Prenatal inflammation combined with postnatal hyperoxia resulted in reduced body weight and length in the offspring, accompanied by increased serum leptin levels at term equivalent age. The altered body parameters, like body weight, were associated with decreased brain volume, thinning of deep cortical layers and hypomyelination. As potential underlying mechanisms, we identified severe myelination deficits and an increased microglia activation associated with elevated inflammatory cytokine expression in brain tissues, while peripheral cytokine levels were reduced. Interestingly, effects on body size were mainly mediated by prenatal LPS, independent of hyperoxia, while oligodendrocyte degeneration was mainly induced by postnatal hyperoxia, independent of prenatal inflammation. However, for the majority of pathological changes, including brain size, myelination deficits, microglia activation and inflammatory cytokine expression, additive or synergistic effects were detected.

Conclusion
Prenatal inflammation combined with postnatal hyperoxia results in aggravated myelination deficits and inflammatory responses compared to single insults, making it an ideal model to improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying WMI and to evaluate urgently needed therapies.
Lassa virus protein–protein interactions as mediators of Lassa fever pathogenesis
Authors: Jan Sharon , Phadke Kruttika S. , Lam Victor L. , Branda Steven S. , Johnson Dylan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic Lassa fever (LF), caused by Lassa virus (LASV), is a significant public health concern endemic in West Africa with high morbidity and mortality rates, limited treatment options, and potential for international spread. Despite advances in interrogating its epidemiology and clinical manifestations, the molecular mechanisms driving pathogenesis of LASV and other arenaviruses remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the role of LASV host-virus interactions in mediating the pathogenesis of LF, with emphasis on interactions between viral and host proteins. Through investigation of these critical protein–protein interactions, we identify potential therapeutic targets and discuss their implications for development of medical countermeasures including antiviral drugs. This review provides an update in recent literature of significant LASV host-virus interactions important in informing the development of targeted therapies and improving clinical outcomes for LF patients. Knowledge gaps are highlighted as opportunities for future research efforts that would advance the field of LASV and arenavirus pathogenesis.
The resilience of distally based sural fascio cutaneous flap in soft-tissue defects of lower limb and ankle: a prospective study
Authors: Romeih Mohamed , Al-Shamy Ahmad Abdulwahab 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Managing large soft-tissue defects in the distal lower extremities remains challenging for orthopedic surgeons, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of the reverse sural flap (RSF) for reconstructing soft-tissue defects in the distal leg, heel, foot, and ankle.

Methods
This prospective study was performed on 52 cases aged from 18 to 60 years old, with either post-traumatic or post-surgical soft tissue defects situated between the distal third leg and the mid-metatarsals of the foot and underwent RSF surgery.

Results
The mean hospital stay was 8.4 (± 3.24) days. All patients experienced the healing of their soft tissue coverage. During the follow-up, ten patients had complications: Ankle stiffness occurred in 2 (3.85%) patients, marginal necrosis in 2 (3.85%) patients, superficial infection occurred in 2 (3.85%) and delayed healing in 4 (7.69%) patients.

Conclusion
The RSF is a reliable and practical option for reconstructing significant and distal soft tissue defects in the lower extremities, with acceptable complication rates and surgical durations. Complications were found in 10 cases in the form of ankle stiffness occurring in 2 (3.85%) patients; marginal necrosis occurred in 2 (3.85%), superficial infection occurred in 2 (3.85%) patients managed with dressing, debridement, delayed healing occurred in 4 (7.69%) patients and. The hospital stay’s mean value (± SD) was 8.4 (± 3.24) days.
In-depth characterization of minor 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone oligomers from Chinese agarwood by integrating offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography and hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Huo Huixia , Zhang Hang , Liu Huiting , Ma Jiale , Zhang Qian , Zhao Yunfang , Zheng Jiao , Tu Pengfei , Song Yuelin , Li Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Those minor, even trace natural products sometimes exhibit exciting activities and possess unique structures; however, it is challenging to pursue and identify such components using routine LC−MS/MS platforms attributing to their low distribution levels in herbs, the overlapping effects from the abundant ingredients and the high-level structural diversity. Here, an off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography hook up hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry program was exploited to facilitate the exposure of those minor components in chromatographic domain and to acquire high-resolution multi-stage mass spectra, and the less abundant 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (PEC) oligomers from Chinese agarwood that is one of the most precious herbal medicines were concerned to illustrate and assess the applicability towards capturing and structurally annotating those minor components. The mass fragmentation pathways of PEC dimers, in particular the linkage fission between monomers, were proposed by assaying eighteen authentic compounds that covered different conjugation manners, and subsequently applied for the tentative structural identification of observed components. Thereafter, targeted purification was conducted to generate eight new, trace PEC dimers to justify the annotated structures. As a result, heterocyclic ring fission was the diagnostic fragmentation pathways for PEC dimers. In total, 199 PECs were discovered and characterized, consisting of 74 dimers and five trimers. Noteworthily, after structural identification with NMR assays, the confirmative structures of those eight new PEC dimers agreed well with the identities suggested by mass fragmentation rules. Above all, PEC derivatives, notably trace oligomers, in Chinese agarwood were profiled in depth, resulting in a number of interesting structures.
Folium Hibisci Mutabilis extract suppresses M1 macrophage polarization through mitochondrial function enhancement in murine acute gouty arthritis
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Zhang Jiahui , Yan Wei , Jiang Ping , Li Juncheng , He Haojun , Ma Honghong , Zhang Yuxin , Yang Kai , Jiang Min , Xi Xiaobing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Acute gout arthritis (AGA) is a common metabolic joint disease and urgently needs a safer alternative therapy due to the significant side effects from long-term use of primary medications. Folium Hibisci Mutabilis, a traditional medicinal herb, has demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in the clinical management of AGA, but its pharmacological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Methods

Folium Hibisci Mutabili was isolated and refined into the Folium Hibisci Mutabilis Extract (FHME). Then, monosodium urate-induced AGA animal models were applied to identify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of FHME in vivo through various techniques, including ultrasonography, Paw withdrawal thresholds, histological staining, etc. We used RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry to evaluate the efficacy of FHME on M1 polarization. Utilizing transmission electron microscope and oxygen consumption rate examinations in conjunction with Mito-Tracker staining, we observed the effects of FHME on mitochondrial morphology and function. Finally, we employed proteomics analysis, siRNA, qRT-PCR, western blot and other techniques to investigate the underlying mechanism of FHME's actions between the two phenotypes and the key targets.

Results
We observed a notable reduction in inflammation and pain, as well as the decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of IL-1β in synovial tissue of AGA mice upon treatment with FHME. FHME suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-18 expression in BMDM-derived macrophages and inhibited the formation of F4/80+CD86+ cells. Mechanically, FHME protected mitochondrial morphology and stimulated the expression of key oxidative phosphorylation proteins, such as Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase Core Protein I (UQCRC1), UQCRC2, CYCS, and NDUFA4. Additionally, it enhanced the activity of respiratory complex III, recovered cellular aerobic respiration under LPS and MSU induction. FHME lost its effect to downregulate M1 macrophage polarization with the presence of rotenone or si-UQCRC1. Finally, 10 compounds were identified from FHME having potential binding affinity with the UQCRC1 protein.

Conclusions
The therapeutic potential of FHME for AGA is associated with the maintenance of mitochondrial function to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization, which is intimately linked to the UQCRC1. Our findings highlight the potential of Folium Hibisci Mutabilis as a safe and effective approach for AGA.
Moral distress among inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry staff: a mixed-methods study of experiences and associated factors
Authors: Eder Nora , Nordenberg Kristin , Långström Niklas , Rozental Alexander , Moell Astrid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Moral distress among healthcare staff is associated with emotional strain and workforce attrition but remains insufficiently explored in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). We investigated the experiences and factors contributing to moral distress among staff in inpatient CAP.

Methods
We conducted a 2023 nationwide mixed-methods survey with 106 staff members from CAP inpatient units in Sweden. Quantitative data on moral distress were collected using the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, while open-ended questions provided qualitative data on perceptions of moral distress and the impact of working with coercive measures. Findings were integrated using triangulation.

Results
Staff reported high levels of moral distress, with physicians experiencing the highest. Triangulation revealed converging findings with younger and less experienced staff experiencing more moral distress. Aligning with the qualitative theme “Providing care one does not believe in”, moral distress was also strongly associated with quantitative data of a demanding work environment, low social support, and intention to resign from job. The theme “Ethical dilemmas about coercive measures” indicated how coercive measure use could contribute to moral distress, while a more positive attitude to coercive measures was associated with lower moral distress.

Conclusions
Moral distress among CAP inpatient staff in Sweden was pronounced, particularly among younger, less experienced professionals, and physicians. Addressing moral distress appears critical in supporting staff well-being, promoting workforce retention, and maintaining high-quality patient care.
Prognostic significance of systemic immune inflammation index for ovarian cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Boliang , Chen Yingying , Pan Jiewei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Several inflammatory indices have been used to assess the prognosis of ovarian cancer, with variable results. This review assessed whether the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) can predict outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods
Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched by the two reviewers from inception to 15th October 2024 for studies assessing the relationship between SII and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
Ten studies with eleven cohorts were included. Pooled analysis showed that higher SII was a significant predictor of poor OS (HR: 2.35 95% CI: 1.56, 3.55 I2 = 88%) and worse DFS (HR: 2.51 95% CI: 1.71, 3.67 I2 = 80%) after ovarian cancer. Sensitivity analysis failed to change the significance of the results. No publication bias was noted. Most results remained significant on subgroup analyses based on location, sample size, FIGO stage, treatment, adjusted outcomes, cut-off of SII, method of determining cut-off, and quality score.

Conclusions
SII can be a potential predictor of OS and DFS after ovarian cancer. Further studies are required to improve the evidence.
Micafungin versus Amphotericin B in treatment of invasive fungal infection in preterm neonates: a randomized control trial
Authors: Ibrahim Mariam John Amin , Mohammed Fathy Marwa Saad , Ghobrial Mertte Ashraf Thabet , Mohamed Maha Hassan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Micafungin, Amphotericin B, and Fluconazole are the primary therapeutic agents employed to address invasive fungal candidiasis in neonates. Resistance to fluconazole is gradually developing in neonatal intensive care units. We aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of Micafungin and Amphotericin B in terms of their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in neonates.

Methods
Fifty-six preterm neonates with invasive fungal infection proven by fungal culture and who had received fluconazole for at least one week were included in our study and were divided randomly into two groups. Micafungin group: twenty-eight preterms received Micafungin at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Amphotericin B group: twenty-eight preterms received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg /kg/day for 14 days. Clinical and laboratory follow up by fungal culture were performed after 14 days.

Results
Neonates in the Micafungin group showed significant increased percentage for complete cure of the fungal infection compared to Amphotericin B group 18(64.3%) vs. 10(35.7%) respectively and decreased percentage of incomplete cure 10(35.7%) vs. 18(64.3%) respectively with p-value 0.030. A higher percentage of neonates were completely cured for both candida albicans (65.2%) and non-albicans (60%) in the micafungin group. Duration of respiratory and circulatory support was significantly shorter also. No additional drug side effects were observed with Micafungin except for mild hypomagnesemia. There was an increase in blood urea nitrogen with Amphotericin B.

Conclusion
Micafungin is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in preterm neonates.

Trial registration
The current study was approved by clinicaltrials.org and the protocol ID NCT06413056 was retrospectively registered in on 11th of march 2024. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06413056?cond=micafungin%20in%20neonates&rank=2.
Success rates of video vs. direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in anesthesiology residents: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (JuniorDoc-VL-Trial)
Authors: Uzun Davut D. , Eicher Simge , Mohr Stefan , Weigand Markus A. , Schmitt Felix C. F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Tracheal intubation is a core skill in airway management for anesthesiologists as well as for other medical professionals involved in advanced airway procedures. Traditionally, tracheal intubation in hospitals has been performed using a Macintosh blade for direct laryngoscopy (DL). However, recent literature increasingly supports the potential benefits of routine video laryngoscopy (VL). The aim of this study was to assess whether primary training in hyperangulated VL improves the first-pass success rate of tracheal intubation among first-year anesthesiology residents, compared to conventional DL training, in the operating room.

Methods
The JuniorDoc-VL Trial is a randomized, controlled, patient-blinded clinical trial of novice anesthesiology residents trained in DL and VL. Thirty residents will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (VL group) or the control group (DL group) with a 1:1 allocation. The first-pass-success (FPS) rates (primary endpoint) and complication rates (secondary endpoint) will be compared between groups.

Discussion
We hypothesize that the primary use of hyperangulated video laryngoscopy (VL) in the experimental group will increase first-pass-success rates among inexperienced residents and reduce complication rates associated with advanced airway management in a mixed patient population. This study may provide an opportunity to develop strategies that allow physicians not routinely involved in anesthesia to effectively learn and maintain their skills in tracheal intubation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT06360328). Registered on 09.04.2024.
The Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves DCP1A to attenuate its antiviral effects
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Li Zijian , Ma Ruiyi , Xie Shijie , Wang Dan , Quan Rong , Wen Xuexia , Song Jiangwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a new member of Picornaviridae, causes idiopathic vesicular symptoms in pregnant sows and acute death in neonatal piglets, considerably damaging the swine industry. The viral protease 3C (3Cpro) cleaves host immune-related molecules to create a favorable environment for viral replication. In this study, we found that mRNA decapping enzyme 1A (DCP1A) is a novel antiviral effector against SVV infection that targets 3D viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for OPTN-mediated autophagic degradation. To counteract this effect, SVV 3Cpro targets DCP1A for cleavage at glutamine 343 (Q343), resulting in the cleaved products DCP1A (1–343) and DCP1A (344–580), which lose the ability to restrict SVV replication. In contrast, the 3C cleavage-resistant DCP1A-Q343A mutant exhibited stronger antiviral effects than the wild-type DCP1A. Additionally, the degradation of the viral 3D protein targeted by DCP1A was abolished after its cleavage by SVV 3Cpro. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SVV 3Cpro is a pivotal ISG antagonist that cleaves DCP1A. These results offer novel insight into how viruses evade host immunity.