bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA Signature of Cigarette Smoking and Evidence for a Putative Causal Role of MicroRNAs in Smoking-Related Inflammation and Target Organ Damage
Authors: Willinger Christine M. , Rong Jian , Tanriverdi Kahraman , Courchesne Paul L. , Huan Tianxiao , Wasserman Gregory A. , Lin Honghuang , Dupuis Josée , Joehanes Roby , Jones Matthew R. , Chen George , Benjamin Emelia J. , O’Connor George T. , Mizgerd Joseph P. , Freedman Jane E. , Larson Martin G. , Levy Daniel 
Published: October 2017

Background—
Cigarette smoking increases risk for multiple diseases. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and may play a role in smoking-induced target organ damage. We sought to describe a microRNA signature of cigarette smoking and relate it to smoking-associated clinical phenotypes, gene expression, and lung inflammatory signaling.

Methods and Results—
Expression profiling of 283 microRNAs was conducted on whole blood–derived RNA from 5023 Framingham Heart Study participants (54.0% women; mean age, 55±13 years) using TaqMan assays and high-throughput reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Associations of microRNA expression with smoking status and associations of smoking-related microRNAs with inflammatory biomarkers and pulmonary function were tested with linear mixed effects models. We identified a 6-microRNA signature of smoking. Five of the 6 smoking-related microRNAs were associated with serum levels of C-reactive protein or interleukin-6; miR-1180 was associated with pulmonary function measures at a marginally significant level. Bioinformatic evaluation of smoking-associated genes coexpressed with the microRNA signature of cigarette smoking revealed enrichment for immune-related pathways. Smoking-associated microRNAs altered expression of selected inflammatory mediators in cell culture gain-of-function assays.

Conclusions—
We characterized a novel microRNA signature of cigarette smoking. The top microRNAs were associated with systemic inflammatory markers and reduced pulmonary function, correlated with expression of genes involved in immune function, and were sufficient to modulate inflammatory signaling. Our results highlight smoking-associated microRNAs and are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking-associated microRNAs serve as mediators of smoking-induced inflammation and target organ damage. These findings call for further mechanistic studies to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic use of smoking-related microRNAs.
A Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing to Multigene Panel Testing in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients
Authors: Cirino Allison L. , Lakdawala Neal K. , McDonough Barbara , Conner Lauren , Adler Dale , Weinfeld Mark , O’Gara Patrick , Rehm Heidi L. , Machini Kalotina , Lebo Matthew , Blout Carrie , Green Robert C. , MacRae Calum A. , Seidman Christine E. , Ho Carolyn Y. 
Published: October 2017

Background—
As DNA sequencing costs decline, genetic testing options have expanded. Whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) are entering clinical use, posing questions about their incremental value compared with disease-specific multigene panels that have been the cornerstone of genetic testing.

Methods and Results—

Forty-one patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had undergone targeted hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genetic testing (either multigene panel or familial variant test) were recruited into the MedSeq Project, a clinical trial of WGS. Results from panel genetic testing and WGS were compared. In 20 of 41 participants, panel genetic testing identified variants classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or uncertain significance. WGS identified 19 of these 20 variants, but the variant detection algorithm missed a pathogenic 18 bp duplication in myosin binding protein C (
MYBPC3
) because of low coverage. In 3 individuals, WGS identified variants in genes implicated in cardiomyopathy but not included in prior panel testing: a pathogenic protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (
PTPN11
) variant and variants of uncertain significance in integrin-linked kinase (
ILK
) and filamin-C (
FLNC
). WGS also identified 84 secondary findings (mean=2 per person, range=0–6), which mostly defined carrier status for recessive conditions.

Conclusions—
WGS detected nearly all variants identified on panel testing, provided 1 new diagnostic finding, and allowed interrogation of posited disease genes. Several variants of uncertain clinical use and numerous secondary genetic findings were also identified. Whereas panel testing and WGS provided similar diagnostic yield, WGS offers the advantage of reanalysis over time to incorporate advances in knowledge, but requires expertise in genomic interpretation to appropriately incorporate WGS into clinical care.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01736566.
Higher Risk of Vascular Dementia in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Sundbøll Jens , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Adelborg Kasper , Schmidt Morten , Pedersen Lars , Bøtker Hans Erik , Henderson Victor W. , Toft Sørensen Henrik 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Increased risk of dementia after myocardial infarction (MI) may be mediated by shared risk factors (eg, atherosclerosis) and post-MI stroke. We examined risk of dementia in 1-year survivors of MI.

Methods:
Using Danish medical registries, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of all patients with first-time MI and a sex-, birth year–, and calendar year–matched general population comparison cohort without MI (1980–2012). Cox regression analysis was used to compute 1- to 35-year adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for dementia, controlled for matching factors and adjusted for comorbidities and socioeconomic status.

Results:
We identified 314 911 patients with MI and 1 573 193 matched comparison cohort members randomly sampled from the general population (median age, 70 years; 63% male). After 35 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of all-cause dementia in the MI cohort was 9% (2.8% for Alzheimer disease, 1.6% for vascular dementia, and 4.5% for other dementias). Compared with the general population cohort, MI was not associated with all-cause dementia (aHR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.03). Risk of Alzheimer disease (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.95) and other dementias (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95–1.01) also approximated unity. However, MI was associated with higher risk of vascular dementia (aHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28–1.43), which was substantially strengthened for patients experiencing stroke after MI (aHR, 4.48; 95% CI, 3.29–6.12).

Conclusions:
MI was associated with higher risk of vascular dementia throughout follow-up, and this association was stronger in patients with stroke. The risk of Alzheimer disease and other dementias was not higher in patients with MI.
Writing in Turns: An Analysis of Scribal Hands in the Bamboo Manuscript Suan shu shu 筭數書 (Writings on Mathematical Procedures) from Zhangjiashan Tomb No. 247 (張家山247號墓漢簡《筭數書》寫手再探)
Authors: Morgan (墨子涵) Daniel Patrick , Chemla (林力娜) Karine 
Published: October 2017

Refining our previous study in Jianbo 簡帛 12 (2016), this article examines the back-and-forth between scribal hands in the Suan shu shu 筭數書 from Zhangjiashan 張家山 M247 (sealed ≥186 b.c.e.). Introducing an improved methodology, we establish a link between one of the Suan shu shu’s scriptors and four other manuscripts in the same tomb, offering a hand-informed reading of the former to hypothesize what this means.
以《簡帛》第12輯（2016 年）的原作爲基礎，本文對張家山247號漢墓《筭數書》寫手輪流交替書寫的現象進行分析。在介紹我們對原有方法論的改進後，本文把《筭數書》的兩位寫手之一與隨葬的四種文本串聯，再由字跡、文意對讀解釋其意味。
A Biodegradable Surface Drifter for Ocean Sampling on a Massive Scale
Authors: Novelli Guillaume , Guigand Cédric M. , Cousin Charles , Ryan Edward H. , Laxague Nathan J. M. , Dai Hanjing , Haus Brian K. , Özgökmen Tamay M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTargeted observations of submesoscale currents are necessary to improve science’s understanding of oceanic mixing, but these dynamics occur at spatiotemporal scales that are currently challenging to detect. Prior studies have recently shown that the submesoscale surface velocity field can be measured by tracking hundreds of surface drifters released in tight arrays. This strategy requires drifter positioning to be accurate, frequent, and to last for several weeks. However, because of the large numbers involved, drifters must be low-cost, compact, easy to handle, and also made of materials harmless to the environment. Therefore, the novel Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE) drifter was designed following these criteria to facilitate massive sampling of near-surface currents during the Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment (LASER). The drifting characteristics were determined under a wide range of currents, waves, and wind conditions in laboratory settings. Results showed that the drifter accurately follows the currents in the upper 0.60 m, that it presents minimal wave rectification issues, and that its wind-induced slip velocity is less than 0.5% of the neutral wind speed at 10 m. In experiments conducted in both coastal and deep ocean conditions under wind speeds up to 10 m s−1, the trajectories of the traditional Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) and the CARTHE drifters were nearly identical. Following these tests, 1100 units were produced and deployed during the LASER campaign, successfully tracking submesoscale and mesoscale features in the Gulf of Mexico. It is hoped that this drifter will enable high-density sampling near metropolitan areas subject to stress by the overpopulation, such as lakes, rivers, estuaries, and environmentally sensitive areas, such as the Arctic.
Use of Observational Weather Data and Forecasts in Emergency Management: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Hoss Frauke , Fischbeck Paul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany factors affect the extent to which forecasts inform emergency responses. In a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 207 U.S. emergency managers (EMs) were asked about 1) their past and intended future use of short-term weather forecasts and recorded weather data, 2) the perceived limitations and 3a) their attitude toward the usefulness of such weather information, 3b) their attitude toward their job and toward uncertainty, 4) perceived social norms, and 5) self-assessed numeracy. Work experience was found to be the best predictor of whether an emergency manager relied on recorded weather data and short-term weather forecasts in the past or intends to do so in the future. Among TPB variables, mainly social expectations and data attitude drive the reliance on recorded weather data and short-term forecasts. The EMs’ perception of the weather information’s limitations is related to their perceptions of what their social surroundings think. In sum, this article sheds light on when and why EMs use weather data and forecasts and how training can be improved.
Pain Management After Hip Arthroscopy: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies
Authors: Shin Jason J. , McCrum Chris L. , Mauro Craig S. , Vyas Dharmesh 
Published: October 2017

Background: Hip arthroscopy is often associated with significant postoperative pain and opioid-associated side effects. Effective pain management after hip arthroscopy improves patient recovery and satisfaction and decreases opioid-related complications. Purpose: To collect, examine, and provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence from randomized controlled trials and comparative studies on pain control after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a systematic review of the literature for postoperative pain control after hip arthroscopy was performed using electronic databases. Only comparative clinical studies with level 1 to 3 evidence comparing a method of postoperative pain control with other modalities or placebo were included in this review. Case series and studies without a comparative cohort were excluded. Results: Several methods of pain management have been described for hip arthroscopy. A total of 14 studies met our inclusion criteria: 3 on femoral nerve block, 3 on lumbar plexus block, 3 on fascia iliaca block, 4 on intra-articular injections, 2 on soft tissue surrounding surgical site injection, and 2 on celecoxib (4 studies compared 2 or more methods of analgesia). The heterogeneity of the studies did not allow for pooling of data. Single-injection femoral nerve blocks and lumbar plexus blocks provided improved analgesia, but increased fall rates were observed. Fascia iliaca blocks do not provide adequate pain relief when compared with surgical site infiltration with local anesthetic and are associated with increased risk of cutaneous nerve deficits. Patients receiving lumbar plexus block experienced significantly decreased pain compared with fascia iliaca block. Portal site and periacetabular injections provide superior analgesia compared with intra-articular injections alone. Preoperative oral celecoxib, compared with placebo, resulted in earlier time to discharge and provided significant pain relief up to 24 hours. Conclusion: Perioperative nerve blocks provide effective pain management after hip arthroscopy but must be used with caution to decrease risk of falls. Intra-articular and portal site injections with local anesthetics and preoperative celecoxib can decrease opioid consumption. There is a lack of high-quality evidence on this topic, and further research is needed to determine the best approach to manage postoperative pain and optimize patient satisfaction.
Geometric Characteristics of the Knee Are Associated With a Noncontact ACL Injury to the Contralateral Knee After Unilateral ACL Injury in Young Female Athletes
Authors: Levins James G. , Argentieri Erin C. , Sturnick Daniel R. , Gardner-Morse Mack , Vacek Pamela M. , Tourville Timothy W. , Johnson Robert J. , Slauterbeck James R. , Beynnon Bruce D. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (CACL) injury after recovery from a first-time ACL rupture occurs at a high rate in young females; however, little is known about the risk factors associated with bilateral ACL trauma. Hypothesis: The geometric characteristics of the contralateral knee at the time of the initial ACL injury are associated with risk of suffering a CACL injury in these female athletes. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Sixty-two female athletes who suffered their first noncontact ACL injury while participating in sports at the high school or college level were identified, and geometry of the femoral notch, ACL, tibial spines, tibial subchondral bone, articular cartilage surfaces, and menisci of the contralateral, uninjured, knee was characterized in 3 dimensions. We were unable to contact 7 subjects and followed the remaining 55 until either a CACL injury or an ACL graft injury occurred or, if they were not injured, until the date of last contact (mean, 34 months after their first ACL injury). Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for CACL injury. Results: Ten (18.2%) females suffered a CACL injury. Decreases of 1 SD in femoral intercondylar notch width (measured at its outlet and anterior attachment of the ACL) were associated with increases in the risk of suffering a CACL injury (hazard ratio = 1.88 and 2.05, respectively). Likewise, 1 SD decreases in medial-lateral width of the lateral tibial spine, height of the medial tibial spine, and thickness of the articular cartilage located at the posterior region of the medial tibial compartment were associated with 3.59-, 1.75-, and 2.15-fold increases in the risk of CACL injury, respectively. Conclusion: After ACL injury, subsequent injury to the CACL is influenced by geometry of the structures that surround the ACL (the femoral notch and tibial spines). This information can be used to identify individuals at increased risk for CACL trauma, who might benefit from targeted risk-reduction interventions.
The impact of vascular risk factors on brain volume and lesion load in patients with early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pichler Alexander , Khalil Michael , Langkammer Christian , Pinter Daniela , Ropele Stefan , Fuchs Siegrid , Bachmaier Gerhard , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz 
Published: October 2017

Background: Vascular risk factors (VRF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been associated with lower brain volumes. It is currently unknown if this association already exists in early MS and how it develops over time. Methods: We identified 82 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) ( n = 61) or with early relapsing-remitting MS ( n = 21) and assessed their VRF including arterial hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking. We analysed T2-lesion load, normalized brain volume (NBV), cortical grey (cGMV) and white matter volumes (WMV), thalamic and basal ganglia volumes at baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessed the percentage of brain volume change (PBVC) using SIENA. Results: Patient mean age was 32.4 (±8.7) years and 54 (65%) were women. Median follow-up period was 42 (29–54) months. In total, 26 patients (31.7%) had one or more VRF (VRF+). At baseline, VRF+ patients had a lower NBV (1530.9 cm3 vs 1591.2 cm3, p = 0.001), a lower cGMV (628.5 cm3 vs 668.6 cm3, p = 0.002) and WMV (752.2 cm3 vs 783.9 cm3, p = 0.009) than VRF-negative patients. Similar results were obtained at follow-up. PBVC was comparable between patients with and without VRF. Conclusion: VRF are associated with lower brain volume already in early MS but do not lead to increased brain volume loss during 3.5 years of follow-up.
Design of a randomized clinical trial of a colorectal cancer screening decision aid to promote appropriate screening in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Kistler Christine E , Golin Carol , Morris Carolyn , Dalton Alexandra F , Harris Russell P , Dolor Rowena , Ferrari Renée M , Brewer Noel T , Lewis Carmen L 
Published: October 2017

Background: Appropriate colorectal cancer screening in older adults should be aligned with the likelihood of net benefit. In general, patient decision aids improve knowledge and values clarity, but in older adults, they may also help patients identify their individual likelihood of benefit and foster individualized decision-making. We report on the design of a randomized clinical trial to understand the effects of a patient decision aid on appropriate colorectal cancer screening. This report includes a description of the baseline characteristics of participants. Methods: English-speaking primary care patients aged 70–84 years who were not currently up to date with screening were recruited into a randomized clinical trial comparing a tailored colorectal cancer screening decision aid with an attention control. The intervention group received a decision aid that included a values clarification exercise and individualized decision-making worksheet, while the control group received an educational pamphlet on safe driving behaviors. The primary outcome was appropriate screening at 6 months based on chart review. We used a composite measure to define appropriate screening as screening for participants in good health, a discussion about screening for patients in intermediate health, and no screening for patients in poor health. Health state was objectively determined using patients’ Charlson Comorbidity Index score and age. Results: A total of 14 practices in central North Carolina participated as part of a practice-based research network. In total, 424 patients were recruited to participate and completed a baseline visit. Overall, 79% of participants were White and 58% female, with a mean age of 76.8 years. Patient characteristics between groups were similar by age, gender, race, education, insurance coverage, or work status. Overall, 70% had some college education or more, 57% were married, and virtually all had Medicare insurance (90%). The three primary medical conditions among the cohort were a history of diabetes, pneumonia, and cancer (28%, 26%, and 21%, respectively). Conclusion: We designed a randomized clinical trial to test a novel use of a patient decision aid to promote appropriate colorectal cancer screening and have recruited a diverse study population that seems similar between the intervention and control groups. The study should be able to determine the ability of a patient decision aid to increase individualized and appropriate colorectal cancer screening.
A Note on Measuring Inclusive Growth and the Inclusiveness of Growth
Authors: Mitra Siddhartha 
Published: October 2017

This article makes three basic contributions: (a) review an already existing measure of ‘inclusive growth’ derived from a measure of inclusiveness (an increase which is assumed to be associated with inclusive growth) and show that this is one among a class of an infinite number of possible measures; (b) identify two drawbacks associated with the class of measures of ‘inclusive growth’ mentioned in (a) and come up with a measure of inclusive growth which is not associated with one of these drawbacks and (c) propound a measure of inclusiveness of growth which allows the researcher the room to partition an income-ordered population into blocks so that he/she can concentrate on inter-block inequality in growth rates of per capita income and neglect intra-block inequality (note that the formulation of this measure allows the researcher to partition the population into blocks in any way which he/she wants to) in growth rates of individual incomes. JEL Classification: D30, D31
Intraoperative Esmolol as an Adjunct for Perioperative Opioid and Postoperative Pain Reduction: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Authors: Gelineau Amanda M. , King Michael R. , Ladha Karim S. , Burns Sara M. , Houle Timothy , Anderson T. Anthony 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Esmolol is an ultrashort β-1 receptor antagonist. Recent studies suggest a role for esmolol in pain response modulation. The authors performed a meta-analysis to determine if the intraoperative use of esmolol reduces opioid consumption or pain scores.

METHODS:
PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, pubget, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies were included if they were randomized, placebo- or opioid-controlled trials written in English, and performed on patients 18 years of age or older. For comparison of opioid use, included studies tracked opioid consumption intraoperatively and/or in the postanesthesia care unit. Pain score comparisons were performed during the first hour after surgery.

RESULTS:
Seventy-three studies were identified, 23 were included in the systematic review, and 19 were eligible for 1 or more comparisons. In 433 patients from 7 trials, intraoperative esmolol decreased intraoperative opioid consumption (Standard Mean Difference [SMD], −1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.25 to −0.96; P ≤ .001). In 659 patients from 12 trials, intraoperative esmolol decreased postanesthesia care unit opioid consumption (SMD, −1.21; 95% CI, −1.66 to −0.77; P ≤ .001). In 688 patients from 11 trials, there was insufficient evidence of change in postoperative 1 hour pain scores (SMD, −0.60; 95% CI, −1.44 to 0.24; P = .163).

CONCLUSIONS:
This meta-analysis demonstrates that intraoperative esmolol use reduces both intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, with no change in postoperative pain scores.