bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reinterpretation of the Crystal Structure Analysis of [K(crypt‐222)]+CF3−: No Proof for the Trifluoromethanide Ion
Authors: Becker Sabine , Müller Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCritically discussing and, if necessary, questioning results presented by other researchers has always been a vitally important process in science. Only through fruitful discourse does science arrive at broadly accepted hypotheses that finally become what we accept as scientific truth. In the spirit of this time‐honored tradition, we have examined the crystal structure as well as X‐ray diffraction data of the proposed compound [K(crypt‐222)]+CF3−, which has recently been published. We arrived at the conclusion that the claim of the authors to have successfully and unambiguously characterized the ionic [K(crypt‐222)]+CF3− through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction is not sustainable. Even though it is possible that the original authors have indeed encountered the proposed species, the purpose of this report is to point out that the original authors cannot use the presented crystallographic data and model as proof for the existence of [K(crypt‐222)]+CF3−. The reason for our conclusion is two‐fold: firstly, the crystal structure was not refined to established standards of good crystallographic practice and secondly, even if best practices of structure determination are employed, the submitted diffraction data do not allow establishing conclusively the true nature of the compound at hand. Recognizing that this gives charge unbalance we have not resolved, we nevertheless suggest an alternative molecular model, [K(crypt‐222)]⋅CHF3, to demonstrate the ambiguity of the diffraction data submitted by the original authors. However, because of this ambiguity, it is important to point out that the purpose of this report is not (and cannot be) the determination of the true nature of the compound at hand; we would merely like to demonstrate that an alternative interpretation of the original diffraction data is possible and, hence, that the conclusion drawn by the original authors is not unambiguously supported by their own data.
Potassium Nitraminofurazan Derivatives: Potential Green Primary Explosives with High Energy and Comparable Low Friction Sensitivities
Authors: Li Ying , Huang Haifeng , Shi Yameng , Yang Jun , Pan Renming , Lin Xiangyang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLead‐based primary explosives were widely applied in military and civilian ammunition, which have subsequently caused serious environmental and health‐related problems. Therefore, the development of green alternatives for the lead‐based primary explosives has been one of the major focuses in the field of energetic materials. Four potassium salts based on nitraminofurazan have been easily synthesized and show excellent comprehensive performances. Among them, potassium 3‐dinitromethyl‐4‐nitraminofurazan (K2DNMNAF, 1) showed better thermal stability (Td: 281.4 °C), higher density (2.174 g cm−3), and lower friction sensitivities (72 N) than that of potassium 4,5‐bis(dinitromethyl)furoxanate (K2BDNMF, Td: 218.3 °C, density: 2.130 g cm−3, FS: 5 N, P: 27.3 GPa, vD: 7759 m s−1); furthermore, it displayed comparable detonation performances (P: 27.2 GPa, vD: 7758 m s−1). The promising properties of these salts make this kind of material a competitive alternative to lead azide as a primary explosive.
One Versatile Route to Three‐Dimensional Graphene Wrapped Metal Cyanide Aerogels for Enhanced Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Bu Fanxing , Feng Xiaoxiang , Jiang Tiancai , Shakir Imran , Xu Yuxi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFacile and controllable integration of metal cyanides (MCs) into three‐dimensional graphene (3DG) with advantageous structures is of fundamental importance for the development of superior MC‐based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and catalysis. Here a facile and versatile spatially‐confined Ostwald ripening strategy was developed to synthesize a series of 3DG wrapped MC aerogels with different compositions, size, and structure based on the chemical instability of MC in the reaction system. Remarkably, the integration of Prussian blue (PB) into 3DG, with such unique architecture, largely improves the rate performance and long‐term cycling stability of PB as a cathode material for sodium ion batteries.
Metal‐Organic Framework Wears a Protective Cover for Improved Stability
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zou Binghua , Shao Meng , Chen Xinyi , Zhang Suoying , Li Linjie , Du Qinjie , Li Hongfeng , Hu Yu , Weng Jiena , Xiong Weiwei , Zheng Bing , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with an ordered channel and porosity show great promise for a myriad of purposes. Unfortunately, the coordination bond of metal ions and organic ligands easily weakens in unfavorable environments, which poses a key problem in expanding the application of MOFs. Herein, we report a general and efficient strategy to enhance the stability and preserve the porosity of MOFs by coating them with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The prepared hybrid material consisted of MOFs and rGO, as the core and the protective shell, respectively. It is worth noting that the obtained MOFs@rGO composite material maintained a well‐defined crystal structure and showed good catalytic activity as well as enhanced stability. Notably, this novel and general method of coating MOFs with a thin protective rGO shell will broaden the application fields of MOFs and open up a new avenue for the research of MOFs.
DNA Three‐Way Junction for Differentiation of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Fluorescent Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Feifei , You Ying , Liu Jie , Song Quanwei , Shen Xiaotong , Na Na , Ouyang Jin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA label‐ and enzyme‐free fluorescent sensor for the detection of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at room temperature is proposed, using new copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as fluorescent reporters. The CuNPs were constructed by using a DNA three‐way junction (3WJ) template. In this assay, two complementary adenine/thymine‐rich probes can hybridize with the wild‐type target simultaneously to construct a 3WJ structure, serving as an efficient scaffold for the generation of CuNPs. However, the CuNPs produce weak fluorescence when the probes bind with a mutant‐type target. SNPs can be identified by the difference in fluorescence intensity of the CuNPs. This SNPs detection strategy is straightforward, cost‐effective, and avoids the complicated procedures of labeling or enzymatic reactions. The fluorescent sensor is versatile and can be applied to all types of mutation because the probes are programmable. Moreover, the sensor exhibits good detection performance in biological samples.
Color breakup visibility thresholds for 2‐field sequential colors
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yuning , Li Xiaohua , Weng Yishi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNowadays local primary desaturation has been proved to be an effective method to suppress the color breakup for field‐sequential‐color (FSC) displays. However, little attention has been focused on the interaction between various subfield colors and the color breakup visibility. In this article, a perception experiment was conducted with the help of a 120 Hz 2‐field FSC display to investigate the thresholds of color breakup visibility along different hue directions with a constant white point in the standard color space. The experimental results show that the color breakup visibility is various when using different subfield colors for temporal combination. A relative high threshold value or low sensitivity of color breakup visibility can be observed when subfield colors are chosen along the blue‐yellow direction while becoming perceptible easily along magenta‐cyan direction. The results and analysis of our experiments are promising to optimize the performance of local primary desaturation. Meanwhile, other applications using the temporal color fusion such as tunable lighting can also benefit from the conclusion of our work to suppress the color breakup effect.
Using 3dRNA for RNA 3‐D Structure Prediction and Evaluation
Authors: Wang Jian , Xiao Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis unit describes how to use 3dRNA to predict RNA 3‐D structures from their sequences and secondary (2‐D) structures, and how to use 3dRNAscore to evaluate the predicted structures. The predicted RNA 3‐D structures can be used to predict or understand their functions and can also be used to find the interactions between the RNA and other molecules. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using FunSeq2 for Coding and Non‐Coding Variant Annotation and Prioritization
Authors: Dhingra Priyanka , Fu Yao , Gerstein Mark , Khurana Ekta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe identification of non‐coding drivers remains a challenge and bottleneck for the use of whole‐genome sequencing in the clinic. FunSeq2 is a computational tool for annotation and prioritization of somatic mutations in coding and non‐coding regions. It integrates a data context made from large‐scale genomic datasets and uses a high‐throughput variant prioritization pipeline. This unit provides guidelines for installing and running FunSeq2 to (a) annotate and prioritize variants, (b) incorporate user‐defined annotations, and (c) detect differential gene expression. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identifying Significantly Impacted Pathways and Putative Mechanisms with iPathwayGuide
Authors: Ahsan Sidra , Drăghici Sorin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractiPathwayGuide is a gene expression analysis tool that provides biological context and inferences from data generated by high‐throughput sequencing. iPathwayGuide utilizes a systems biology approach to identify significantly impacted signaling pathways, Gene Ontology terms, disease processes, predicted microRNAs, and putative mechanisms based on the given differential expression signature. By using a novel analytical approach called Impact Analysis, iPathwayGuide considers the role, position, and relationships of each gene within a pathway, which results in a significant reduction in false positives, as well as a better ability to identify the truly impacted pathways and putative mechanisms that can explain all measured gene expression changes. It is a Web‐based, user‐friendly, interactive tool that does not require prior training in bioinformatics. The protocols in this unit describe how to use iPathwayGuide to analyze a single contrast between two phenotypes (any number of samples), and provide guidance on how to interpret the results obtained from iPathwayGuide. Even though iPathwayGuide has powerful meta‐analysis capabilities, these are not covered in this unit. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyses and techniques for phase noise reduction in CMOS Hartley oscillator topology
Authors: Chlis Ilias , Pepe Domenico , Zito Domenico 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper reports the analyses of the inductive degeneration, noise filter, and optimum current density techniques for phase noise reduction in the CMOS Hartley oscillator circuit topology. The design of the circuit topology is carried out in 28 nm bulk CMOS technology in a range of common conditions adopted also for a previous study on the Colpitts topology, so complementing the previous study on Colpitts topology and allowing a direct comparison between the Hartley and Colpitts topologies. The theoretical analyses of the three techniques are carried out and verified by means of circuit simulations. The results obtained for the inductive degeneration and noise filter show the existence of an optimum inductance for minimum phase noise. Moreover, the results obtained for the optimum bias current density technique applied to a Hartley oscillator circuit topology incorporating either inductive degeneration or noise filter provide the demonstration of the existence of an optimum bias current density for minimum phase noise. Moreover, we will go beyond this important result, by investigating for the first time the relationship with the optimum current density for transistor minimum noise figure and other general results reported in the literature. Overall, the analyses show that the adoption of these techniques may lead to a potential phase noise reduction up to 16 dB at a 1 MHz frequency offset for an oscillation frequency of 10 GHz, with respect to the traditional Hartley topology. Lastly, we report a comparison under common conditions between Colpitts and Hartley topologies implementing the aforementioned techniques, which could, from a designer perspective, be useful to acquiring a few key insights about the circuit design opportunities and focus the design efforts toward specific directions for performance optimizations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of essential‐regular bicubic impedances
Authors: Zhang Sara Ying , Jiang Jason Zheng , Wang Huai Lei , Neild Simon 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper provides a complete realisation of a special class of positive‐real bicubic impedances. The problem is motivated by the concept of the inerter, which is the mechanical dual of a capacitor. This device allows mechanical network synthesis, by completing the electrical mechanical analogy. With mechanical synthesis, the emphasis is to minimise the number of elements required to allow feasible implementation. The definitions of simple‐series‐parallel networks and essential‐regular positive‐real functions are introduced. The simple‐series‐parallel minimum‐reactive networks that can realise all essential‐regular bicubics are identified and grouped into six network quartets. One of the advantages of these networks is that they contain the minimal number of reactive elements. The necessary and sufficient realisability conditions for all these networks, as well as corresponding element values, are then derived. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results. In the course of the argument, interesting conclusions regarding essential‐regular bilinear and biquadratic functions have also been presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equine performance genes and the future of doping in horseracing
Authors: Wilkin Tessa , Baoutina Anna , Hamilton Natasha 
Published: March 2017

A horse's success on the racetrack is determined by genetics, training and nutrition, and their translation into physical traits such as speed, endurance and muscle strength. Advances in genetic technologies are slowly explaining the roles of specific genes in equine performance, and offering new insights into the development of novel therapies for diseases and musculoskeletal injuries that cause early retirement of many racehorses. Gene therapy approaches may also soon provide new means to artificially enhance the physical performance of racehorses. Gene doping, the misuse of gene therapies for performance enhancement, is predicted to be the next phase of doping faced by horseracing. The risk of gene doping to human sports has been recognised for almost 15 years, and the introduction of the first gene doping detection tests for doping control in human athletes is imminent. Gene doping is also a threat to horseracing, but there are currently no methods to detect it. Efficient and accurate detection methods need to be developed to deter those looking to use gene doping in horses and to maintain the integrity of the sport. Methods developed for human athletes could offer an avenue for detection in racehorses. Development of an equine equivalent test will first require identification of equine genes that will likely be targeted by gene doping attempts. This review focuses on genes that have been linked to athletic performance in horses and, therefore, could be targeted for genetic manipulation. The risks associated with gene doping and approaches to detect gene doping are also discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of hydroxytyrosol, walnut and olive oil on nutritional profile of Low‐Fat Chicken Frankfurters
Authors: Nieto Gema , Martínez Lorena , Castillo Julian , Ros Gaspar 
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxytyrosol extract (HXT, 50 ppm), walnut paste (2.5 g/100 g) and extra olive oil (as substitute of animal fat, 20 g/100 g) on fatty acid profiles, mineral content and sensory analysis of chicken frankfurters. Low‐fat chicken sausages produced with olive oil as fat replacement, walnut and HXT extract remained stable without a significant loss of sensory attributes during storage at 4°C for 21 days. The sausages with HXT were found to decrease rancid odour, and the samples with walnut were darker, compared with control. Whereas positive correlations were established between rancid odour, saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and negative correlations were found between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), rancid odour and thibarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS); no significant correlations were established between TBARS and MUFA. Sausages with walnut or olive oil contained significantly larger (P < 0.05) percentages of minerals (K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, P and Zn), MUFAs, and n3 PUFAs, mainly α‐linolenic acid, in addition to significantly lower amounts (P < 0.05) of SFAs, mainly miristic, palmitic and stearic acid. They also contained a significantly lower n6/n3 PUFA ratio, atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (IT) and significantly higher (P < 0.05) PUFA ratio. In conclusion, walnut, HXT and olive oil can be applied in meat products as additives with functional properties.Practical applications: We designed a new functional meat product using fat replacers, healthy fatty acid source and natural antioxidant. We determine whether the inclusion of walnut is able to improve the fatty acid profile and mineral content of Frankfurters. We determine whether the inclusion of hydroxytyrosol as antioxidant is able to protect the fatty acid of Frankfurters from oxidation during its storage.. Olive oil, hydroxytyrosol and walnut have potential for meat industry as new ingredients during frankfurters manufacturing.Formulation of chicken frankfurters for the different experimental treatments.
Delay‐ and energy‐aware load balancing in ultra‐dense heterogeneous 5G networks
Authors: Taboada Ianire , Aalto Samuli , Lassila Pasi , Liberal Fidel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the context of ultra‐dense heterogeneous networks in 5G, we focus on the load balancing problem of elastic traffic in a single macrocell that is supported by a number of small cells. Each small cell is modeled by a single‐class processor sharing queue, whereas the macrocell is modelled by a multiclass processor sharing queue. We assume that the macrocell is always consuming energy, while a small cell can be switched off when it is idle with the setup delay penalty. As the main contribution, aimed at minimizing the weighted sum of the mean delay and the mean power consumption in the system, we develop static and dynamic load balancing policies that take into account the setup delay. All the obtained results are analytically founded. The performance of the static policy is evaluated using the achieved analytical expressions, which include the static optimal probabilities achieved before, whereas for the dynamic policy we need to perform simulations using previously obtained numerical results from the first policy iteration procedure. As concluded, numerical results indicate that the dynamic policy outperforms the static policy under realistic settings.
Unknown primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the era of fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/CT and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: de Ridder Mischa , Klop Martin , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , de Boer JanPaul , Jasperse Bas , Smit Laura , Vogel Wouter , van den Brekel Michiel , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis and treatment of head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) have changed with the introduction of fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/CT and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), with potential implications for outcome.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 80 patients with head and neck CUP who were PET‐staged and treated with curative intention using IMRT between 2006 and 2016 in the Netherlands Cancer Institute. Patient, tumor, and treatment demographics were recorded and oncologic outcomes were analyzed.ResultsLocal control was 100% in mucosal irradiated patients. Regional control was 90%. Ten patients developed distant metastases, which were associated with N3, extracapsular extension (ECE) and lower neck positive lymph nodes. Overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 62% and disease‐specific survival was 78%. ECE, N3 neck, multiple levels of positive lymph nodes, and positive lymph nodes in the lower neck were associated with worse prognosis.ConclusionLocoregional outcome of head and neck CUP managed with modern techniques is good. Future research needs to focus on reducing toxicity and patients prone for distant metastasis.
Ferritin, cellular iron storage and regulation
Authors: Arosio Paolo , Elia Leonardo , Poli Maura 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFerritin is considered the major iron storage protein which maintains a large iron core in its cavity and has ferroxidase activity. There are many types of ferritin particularly in prokaryotes that include the canonical 24‐mer FTN molecules, the heme‐containing BFR, the smaller 12‐mer DPS and the newly recognized EncFtn of encapsulin that forms a very large iron storage compartment. Recent studies show that ferritin function is more dynamic than previous depicted and new mechanisms of ferritin iron recycling are emerging. They participate to the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis as those of ferritin biosynthesis, cooperating also with the iron‐dependent mechanism of cellular iron secretion. Some of these basic processes are in common between unicellular and animal cells, and this review aims at discussing the findings on the connections between iron storage, cellular iron regulation and ferritin iron recycling that have been explored in unicellular organisms and in animals. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(6):414–422, 2017
Characterization of SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell growth over glass and SU‐8 substrates
Authors: Ajetunmobi A. , McAllister D. , Jain N. , Brazil O. , Corvin A. , Volkov Y. , Tropea D. , Prina‐Mello A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe physical properties of substrates can have profound effects on the structure and function of cultured cells. In this study, we aimed to examine the viability, adherence, and morphological and functional variations between SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells cultured on SU‐8 surfaces compared with control surfaces composed of borosilicate glass, which are routinely used for cell culture. The SU‐8 polymer has been extensively studied for its biocompatibility, but there has been little investigation into the characteristic differences between cells cultured on SU‐8 when compared with glass. SH‐SY5Y cells were cultured within polydimethylsiloxane wells on both SU‐8 and glass substrates for up to 72 h after which flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analysis was performed to examine cell viability and neurotoxicity. Immunocytochemistry was also performed to analyze the morphological and functional characteristics of the cells. Atomic force microscopy was performed to measure surface roughness and to map cell–substrate interactions. Nanoindentation testing was used to characterize the mechanical properties of polymer surface. Results showed that SH‐SY5Y cells grown on SU‐8 have significantly improved viability and increased morphological and functional characteristics of neurodevelopment. The results from this study suggest that the mechanical properties of the polymer are optimal for the study of cultured cell lines, which could account for the increased viability, adherence, and morphological and functional characteristics of neurodevelopment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2129–2138, 2017.