bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Counseling for Alcohol Addiction: Assessing Perceptions and Potential Utility in Individuals with Lived Experience and Their Family Members
Authors: Kalb Fayth M. , Vincent Victoria , Herzog Teresa , Austin Jehannine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThough addictions to substances including alcohol are highly heritable, there have been no studies regarding the possible applicability of genetic counseling to this set of conditions. Adults (≥18 years old) with a personal and/or family history of alcohol addiction were recruited to participate in an online survey‐based study comprising 43 questions about beliefs/concern about recurrence risk and etiology of alcohol addiction and its impact on childbearing decisions, and perceptions of potential utility of genetic counseling for alcohol addiction. We applied primarily descriptive statistics, but also tested the hypotheses that perceiving genetic counseling to be useful would be associated with: 1) increasing importance attributed to genetics in the etiology of alcohol addiction, and 2) greater concern about recurrence of alcohol addiction (in self and/or children). Overall, the 113 participants recognized the multifactorial nature of alcohol addiction but reported a wide range of estimated recurrence risks for first‐degree relatives. Overall, 62% perceived genetic counseling for alcohol addiction to be potentially beneficial. Participants were more likely to perceive a benefit from genetic counseling if they were concerned about recurrence for themselves (p = .021) or perceived genetics to be etiologically important in alcohol addiction (p = .024). Future studies are warranted to evaluate the outcomes of genetic counseling for addictions with respect to patient understanding, lifestyle modifications and psychological adaptation.
A simple method to vary soil heterogeneity in three dimensions in experimental mesocosms
Authors: Liu Yongjie , De Boeck Hans J. , Wellens Marc J. , Nijs Ivan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSoil heterogeneity affects terrestrial plant communities both directly and indirectly. In nature, the exploration of the role of heterogeneity is made difficult because any co‐varying factors (nutrients, soil depth, etc.) render it problematic to clearly link cause and effect. Attributing changes specifically to heterogeneity is facilitated if heterogeneity is varied in a controlled manner and other possible confounding factors are kept constant. The experiments conducted in such a way have up till now only considered heterogeneity in two dimensions, horizontally or vertically. In this methodological study, we present a novel technique that enables researchers to vary both qualitative and configurational heterogeneity in three dimensions by building up the soil cell by cell in experimental mesocosms. We illustrate the technique with an experiment where we test the effect of cell size (i.e. configurational heterogeneity) on the performance of grassland species that vary in nutrient preference (high N and low N species). Cell size did not affect aboveground biomass but modified species richness, both at the mesocosm and the patch scale, with most species being found when cells were small yet distinct (cell size 12 cm). High N species had significantly greater aboveground biomass and species richness than low N species, both on nutrient rich and nutrient poor cells. Remarkably, those differences disappeared when plants grew on the mesocosms with cell size close to zero. By allowing greater complexity in the design of experimental mesocosms, the 3‐D approach can improve understanding of the interplay between soil heterogeneity and plant and ecosystem functioning.
Internationales Krebsgenomkonsortium (ICGC)
Authors: Siebert Reiner , Gerhäuser Clarissa , Simon Ronald , Wagener Rabea , Weber Ursula D. , Sauter Guido , Plass Christoph , Lichter Peter 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Katalogisierung genomischer, epigenetischer und transkriptioneller Veränderungen in Tumorzellen sowie die Integration disponierender oder klinisch relevanter Keimbahnvarianten ist die Voraussetzung für die zukünftige Anwendung präzisionsmedizinischer Ansätze in der Onkologie. Das Internationale Krebsgenomkonsortium (International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC) hat sich deshalb zum Ziel gesetzt, auf verschiedenen OMICs-Ebenen die wesentlichen Aberrationen in den 50 häufigsten und sozioökonomisch relevanten Tumorentitäten zu beschreiben. Dazu werden die Tumoren nach standardisierten Protokollen mittels sequenzierungsbasierter Verfahren analysiert. Die erhobenen Daten sind unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch Wissenschaftlern außerhalb des ICGC zugänglich. Auch wenn die Datensammlung noch nicht abgeschlossen ist, konnten entitätenspezifische und -übergreifende Analysen u. a. bereits Mutationssignaturen oder neue Driververänderungen und pathogene Signalwege identifizieren.
Hippocampal thinning linked to longerTOMM40poly‐T variant lengths in the absence of theAPOEε4 variant
Authors: Burggren Alison C. , Mahmood Zanjbeel , Harrison Theresa M. , Siddarth Prabha , Miller Karen J. , Small Gary W. , Merrill David A. , Bookheimer Susan Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40), which lies in linkage disequilibrium with apolipoprotein E (APOE), has received attention more recently as a promising gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.TOMM40influences AD pathology through mitochondrial neurotoxicity, and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the most likely brain region for identifying early manifestations of AD‐related morphology changes.MethodsIn this study, we examined the effects ofTOMM40using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging in 65 healthy, older subjects with and without theAPOEε4 AD‐risk variant.ResultsExamining individual subregions within the MTL, we found a significant relationship between increasing poly‐T lengths of theTOMM40variant and thickness of the entorhinal cortex only in subjects who did not carry theAPOEε4 allele.DiscussionOur data provide support forTOMM40variant repeat length as an important contributor to AD‐like MTL pathology in the absence ofAPOEε4.
Minimax characterization of solutions for a semi-linear elliptic equation with lack of compactness
Authors: Buffoni Boris , Jeanjean Louis 
Published: February 2017

In this paper conditions ensuring bifurcation from any boundary point of the spectrum is studied for a class of nonlinear operators. We give a general minimax result which allows an enlargement of the class of non-linearities which has been studied up to now. The general result is applied to study the existence of solutions

(u, λ) \in H^1 (ℝ^N) × ℝ

for the equation

−Δu + pu−N(u) = \mathrm{\lambda }u,\:u \neq 0,

where

λ

is located in a prescribed gap of the spectrum of

−∆u + pu

. The function

p

is periodic and the superlinear term

N

derives from a potential but is not assumed to be compact.

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous donnons des conditions assurant la bifurcation pour tous les points au bord du spectre pour une classe d’opérateurs non linéaires. A l’aide d’un résultat de type minimax, nous élargissons la classe des non-linéarités étudiées jusqu’à présent. La théorie est appliquée à l’étude des solutions

(u, λ) \in H^1 (ℝ^N) × ℝ

de l’équation

−Δu + pu−N(u) = \mathrm{\lambda }u,\:u \neq 0,

où

λ

se situe dans une lacune donnée du spectre de

−∆u + pu

. La fonction

p

est périodique et le terme surlinéaire

N

dérive d’un potentiel mais n’est pas nécessairement compact.
On Tartar’s conjecture
Authors: Šverák Vladimír 
Published: February 2017

We prove that the only probability measures supported at connected subsets of 2 × 2 matrices without rank-one connections and commuting with the determinant are Dirac masses. We also prove some regularity results for fully nonlinear 2 × 2 elliptic systems of the first order.

Résumé
Soit K un sous-ensemble connexe de matrices deux par deux sans connexion de rang un et soit ν une mesure de probabilité concentrée sur K qui commute avec le déterminant. On démontre que ν est une masse de Dirac. On démontre aussi quelques résultats de régularité pour des systèmes elliptiques deux par deux du premier ordre.
An Outbreak ofBurkholderia cepaciaComplex Infections Associated with Contaminated Liquid Docusate
Authors: Marquez Lucila , Jones Katie N. , Whaley Elaine M. , Koy Tjin H. , Revell Paula A. , Taylor Ruston S. , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Wagner Jeffrey L. , Dunn James J. , LiPuma John J. , Campbell Judith R. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVETo investigate an outbreak ofBurkholderia cepaciacomplex and describe the measures that revealed the source.SETTINGA 629-bed, tertiary-care, pediatric hospital in Houston, Texas.PATIENTSPediatric patients without cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized in the pediatric and cardiovascular intensive care units.METHODSWe investigated an outbreak ofB. cepaciacomplex from February through July 2016. Isolates were evaluated for molecular relatedness with repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR); specific species identification and genotyping were performed at an independent laboratory. The investigation included a detailed review of all cases, direct observation of clinical practices, and respiratory surveillance cultures. Environmental and product cultures were performed at an accredited reference environmental microbiology laboratory.RESULTSOverall, 18 respiratory tract cultures, 5 blood cultures, 4 urine cultures, and 3 stool cultures were positive in 24 patients. Among the 24 patients, 17 had symptomatic infections and 7 were colonized. The median age of the patients was 22.5 months (range, 2–148 months). Rep-PCR typing showed that 21 of 24 cases represented the same strain, which was identified as a novel species within theB. cepaciacomplex. Product cultures of liquid docusate were positive with an identical strain ofB. cepaciacomplex. Local and state health departments, as well as the CDC and FDA, were notified, prompting a multistate investigation.CONCLUSIONSOur investigation revealed an outbreak of a unique strain ofB. cepaciacomplex isolated in clinical specimens from non-CF pediatric patients and from liquid docusate. This resulted in a national alert and voluntary recall by the manufacturer.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:567–573
John Haynes Bailey, 1909–48
Authors: Ritchie William A. 
Published: February 2017

On the night of July 5, 1948, under circumstances which may never be explained, John Haynes Bailey “shuffled off this mortal coil.” Some two years previously he had undergone a major surgical operation from which, insofar as his family and his friends were aware, he had recovered, but the incubus of ill health offers the most probable solution to the enigma of his tragic death.Born on May 22, 1909, in the western New York village of Dansville, as the only child of James Albert Bailey, an attorney, and Marie (Haynes) Bailey, he was early taken to Caledonia, also in the Genesee Country, where he received his pre-collegiate schooling. In 1933 he was graduated from Cornell University with a bachelor's degree in physics.
Ayodhya's sacred landscape: ritual memory, politics and archaeological ‘fact’
Authors: Shaw Julia 
Published: February 2017

Great astonishment has been expressed at the recent vitality of the Hindu religion at Ajudhia [sic], and it was to test the extent of this chiefly that … this statement has been prepared. As the information it contains may be permanently useful, I have considered it well to give it a place here. This information is as correct as it can now be made and that is all that I can say CARNEGY(1870: appendix A)After the destruction of Ayodhya's Babri mosque in 1992 by supporters of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the statement above seems laden with premonition of the events to come (Rao 1994). More importantly, Carnegy’s comments highlight that the mosque’s destruction was not simply the result of 20th-century politics. The events surrounding and following the outbreak of violence in 1992 have resulted in more ‘spilt ink’ than Carnegy could ever have imagined. This literature can be divided into two main categories; firstly, the initial documentation submitted to the government by a group of VHP aligned historians, which presented the ‘archaeological proof’ that the Babri mosque had occupied the site of a Hindu temple dating to the 10th and 11th century AD (VHP1990; New Delhi Historical Forum 1992). This was believed to have marked the birthplace of the Hindu god Rama (hence the name Rama Janmabhumi — literally ‘birthplace of Rama’), and been demolished at the orders of the Mughal emperor Babur during the 16th century. As a response, a second group of ‘progressive’ Indian historians began a counter-argument, based on the same ‘archaeological proof’ that no such temple had ever existed (Gopalet al. 1992; Mandal 1993). The second category is a growing body of literature which has filled many pages of international publications (Rao 1994; Navlakha 1994). Especially following the World Archaeology Congress (WAC) in Delhi (1994), and subsequently in Brač, Croatia (1998), this has been preoccupied with finding an acceptable route through the battlefield which arises as a result of the problematic, but recurrent, marriage between archaeology, folklore and politics (Kitchen 1998; Hassan 1995).
Continuities and discontinuities: archaeology and ethnoarchaeology in the heart of the Eastern Bororo territory, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Wüst Irmhild 
Published: February 2017

Bororo and cultural continuityCultural continuity and discontinuity is a fascinating issue in archaeological investigation, especially in regions where native populations are still present, as in the case of southeastern Mato Grosso. Since there is no necessary correlation between archaeological cultures and self-conscious ethnic groups (Hodder 1978; 1982; Jones 1997), research in areas where a link between ethnographically andlor ethnohistorically known groups and the archaeological record can be established presents a significant challenge for the study of processes involved in cultural continuities, ruptures, and the maintenance or abandonment of stylistic boundaries. This is especially true in a context of colonial impact on native populations, as in the case of the Bororo society.
‘The loss of innocence’ in historical perspective
Authors: Trigger Bruce G. 
Published: February 2017

The dual tasks of this paper are to examine David Clarke’s ideas about the development of archaeology as they relate both to the era when ‘the loss of innocence’ was written and to what has happened since. In his treatment of the history of archaeology offered in that essay, Clarke subscribed to at least two of the key tenets of the behaviourist and utilitarian approaches that dominated the social sciences in the 1960s: neoevolutionism and ecological determinism.Clarke viewed the development of archaeology as following a unilinear sequence of stages from consciousness through self-consciousness to critical self-consciousness. The first stage began with archaeology defining its subject matter and what archaeologists do. As its database and the procedures required for studying it became more elaborate, self-conscious archaeology emerged as a ‘series of divergent and selfreferencing regional schools … with regionally esteemed bodies of archaeological theory and locally preferred forms of description, interpretation and explanation’ (Clarke 1973: 7). At the stage of critical self-consciousness, regionalism was replaced by a conviction that ‘archaeologists hold most of their problems in common and share large areas of general theory within a single discipline’ (1973: 7). Archaeology was now defined by ‘the characteristic forms of its reasoning, the intrinsic nature of its knowledge and information, and its competing theories of concepts and their relationships’ (1973: 7). Clarke looked forward to a fourth (and ultimate?) phase of self-critical self-consciousncss, when the new archaeology would monitor and control its own development.
Long-term associations between inflammatory dietary scores in relation to long-term C-reactive protein status measured 12 years later: findings from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort
Authors: Julia Chantal , Assmann Karen E. , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Wirth Michael D. , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation has been recognised as a key underlying mechanism for several chronic diseases, including cancer and CVD. Nutrition represents a host of key modifiable factors that influence chronic inflammation. Dietary inflammatory scores were developed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet and have been associated with inflammatory biomarkers in cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), the alternate dietary inflammatory index (ADII) and long-term C-reactive protein (CRP). We also tested age as an effect modifier of this relationship. Participants were selected in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study, which included subjects aged 45–60 years old for men and 35–60 years old for women in 1994. Participants with ≥3 24-h dietary records at baseline and a CRP measurement at the 12-year follow-up evaluation were included in the present study (n 1980). The relationships between the DII and ADII and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated using logistic multivariable regression. All analyses were stratified by age (cut-off at median age=50 years old). The overall associations between DII and ADII and long-term CRP were not statistically significant (Ptrend across tertiles=0·16 for DII and 0·10 for ADII). A quantitative interaction was found between ADII score and age (P=0·16 for ADII, 0·36 for DII). In stratified analyses the ADII was significantly prospectively associated with CRP only in younger participants: OR tertile 3 v. tertile 1: 1·79 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·07). Pro-inflammatory diets may have long-term effect on CRP only in younger subjects.
Soft drink consumption is associated with increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome only in women
Authors: Kang Yunjin , Kim Jihye 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProspective studies on the association between soft drink consumption and incident risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been carried out in Asians. We explored the sex-specific association between soft drink consumption and incident risk of the MetS in Korean adults during 10 years of follow-up. A total of 5797 subjects who were free of the MetS at baseline were studied. Soft drink consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine hazard ratios (HR) of incidence of the MetS and its components in relation to soft drink consumption. In women, the multivariable-adjusted HR for developing the MetS was 1·8-fold higher in frequent consumers of soft drinks (≥4 servings/week) compared with rare consumers (95 % CI 1·23, 2·64). The adjusted HR for elevated blood pressure increased by 2-fold (95 % CI 1·24, 3·14) and for hypertriacylglycerolaemia by 1·9-fold (95 % CI 1·19, 2·88) in frequent consumers of soft drinks compared with rare consumers. However, in men, there was no association between soft drink consumption and incident risk of the MetS or its components. Frequent soft drink consumption was associated with increased risk of developing the MetS and its components only in middle-aged Korean women, suggesting sex differences for the risk of the MetS related to diet.
Prospective association between consumption frequency of organic food and body weight change, risk of overweight or obesity: results from the NutriNet-Santé Study
Authors: Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Baudry Julia , Assmann Karen E. , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Lairon Denis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA lower BMI has been reported among consumers of organic foods, but this relationship has never been examined in a prospective design study. Our aim was to prospectively investigate the association between frequency of organic food consumption and weight change. We analysed data from 62 224 participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort (78 % women, mean age=45 years) with information on consumption frequency of organic foods, dietary intake and repeated anthropometric data. For sixteen products, participants reported their consumption frequency of labelled organic foods (never, occasionally, most of the time). An organic score (OS) with a maximum of thirty-two points was computed. The associations of the OS (modeled as quartiles (Q)) with change in BMI during follow-up (on average 3·1 years) and with the risk of overweight and obesity were estimated by ANCOVA and multivariable logistic regression. A lower BMI increase was observed across quartiles of the OS (mean difference Q4 v. Q1=−0·16 (95 % CI −0·32, −0·01). An increase in the OS was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity (among non-overweight and non-obese participants at inclusion): OR for Q4 v. Q1 were 0·77 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·86) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·82), respectively. Concerning obesity risk, the association was stronger among participants with higher adherence to nutritional guidelines. This study supports a strong protective role of consumption frequency of organic foods with regard to the risk of overweight and obesity that depends on overall dietary quality. Upon confirmation, these results may contribute to fine-tune nutritional guidelines by accounting for farming practices in food production.
On Langford’s Problem (II)
Authors: Davies Roy O. 
Published: February 2017

The problem is to arrange the numbers 1, 1, 2, 2, …, n, n in a sequence (without gaps) in such a way that for r = 1, 2, …, n the two r’s are separated by exactly r places; for example41312432.Priday has shown in the preceding paper that for every n there exists either such a perfect sequence (as he calls it) or else a hooked sequence, with a gap one place from one end, for example345131425*2.
Note on the “Method of the Arithmetic Mean” as Applied to Rates of Increase
Authors: Bryan George H. 
Published: February 2017

It is known to all students of physics that when a number of different observations have been made of the same constant quantity, the best result is, in general, obtained by taking the arithmetic mean of the observed values.If the observed quantity instead of being constant is increasing at a uniform rate, and we require to determine this rate of increase, we should naturally expect that the proper course to follow would be to find the rates of increase of the quantity in successive equal intervals of time and take their arithmetic mean.
II—Expansion of Functions in General
Authors: Roseveare W. N. 
Published: February 2017

To prove that if ƒ represents a function satisfying certain conditions for all values of the variable from a to a + x, then ƒ(a + x) can be expanded in powers of x.Assume that, as in § I., where ƒ′ is another function which we call the derived function of ƒ.
Comment: From Overlooking to Overestimating Russia's Authoritarianism?
Authors: Kotkin Stephen 
Published: February 2017

Under Vladimir Putin, the Russian state turned out to be pretty adept at authoritarianism, and the voters have appreciated it. That, at any rate, is the broad upshot of these three articles.Following what has seemed the dominant tendency in the Anglophone political science literature on contemporary Russia, Henry E. Hale and Timothy J. Colton examine not governance but elections. The two scholars confirm “arguments that Putin draws a great deal of vote-winning power from how people view his performance and that the economy is a large part of this.” Readers may have believed this before encountering this article (I did), but Hale and Colton demonstrate the point marshaling evidence.