bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English‐learning infants developing sensitivity to vowel phonotactic cues to word segmentation
Authors: Katsuda Hironori , Sundara Megha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown that when domain‐general transitional probability (TP) cues to word segmentation are in conflict with language‐specific stress cues, English‐learning 5‐ and 7‐month‐olds rely on TP, whereas 9‐month‐olds rely on stress. In two artificial languages, we evaluated English‐learning infants’ sensitivity to TP cues to word segmentation vis‐a‐vis language‐specific vowel phonotactic (VP) cues—English words do not end in lax vowels. These cues were either consistent or conflicting. When these cues were in conflict, 10‐month‐olds relied on the VP cues, whereas 5‐month‐olds relied on TP. These findings align with statistical bootstrapping accounts, where infants initially use domain‐general distributional information for word segmentation, and subsequently discover language‐specific patterns based on segmented words.Research Highlights
Research indicates that when transitional probability (TP) conflicts with stress cues for word segmentation, English‐learning 9‐month‐olds rely on stress, whereas younger infants rely on TP.
In two artificial languages, we evaluated English‐learning infants’ sensitivity to TP versus vowel phonotactic (VP) cues for word segmentation.
When these cues conflicted, 10‐month‐olds relied on VPs, whereas 5‐month‐olds relied on TP.
These findings align with statistical bootstrapping accounts, where infants first utilize domain‐general distributional information for word segmentation, and then identify language‐specific patterns from segmented words.
Community‐centred disaster recovery: A call to change the narrative
Authors: Sanderson David , Heffernan Tim , DeSisto Marco , Shearing Clifford 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper challenges current approaches to undertaking community‐centred disaster recovery. Community‐centred approaches are widely recognised as ‘the gold standard’ for effective recovery from disasters. Yet, they are rarely applied well enough in practice. Challenges include the ‘authority’ culture of command‐and‐control agencies, the emphasis on discrete recovery time frames, and the reluctance to relinquish centralised control. The paper focuses on people's experiences of community‐centred recovery in New South Wales, Australia, which has experienced severe fires and floods since 2019. We undertook key informant interviews and an online survey to inquire into how community‐centred recovery is enacted. Our work uncovered widespread dissatisfaction with current practices. The paper discusses key themes emerging from the research and ends with a call to change how community‐centred recovery is framed and conducted by responding organisations, to include the underlying causes of vulnerability in recovery, to measure success differently, and to alter the narrative of who ‘owns’ disasters.
Treatment of juvenile myasthenia gravis with tacrolimus: A cohort study
Authors: Wang Guoli , Kessi Miriam , Huang Xi , Zhang Wen , Zhang Ciliu , He Fang , Peng Jing , Yin Fei , Yang Lifen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the proper timing, efficacy and safety of tacrolimus for juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study for JMG patients treated with tacrolimus at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China from 2010 to 2023. The clinical information of patients with a follow‐up of more than 1 year was collected. Comparisons of clinical features between groups of patients who achieved therapeutic goal and those who did not achieve therapeutic goal as well as between groups of patients treated with tacrolimus within or after 1 year from JMG onset was carried out.ResultsForty‐three patients were enrolled, of whom 28 achieved therapeutic goal. Tacrolimus reduced glucocorticoids (GC) dosages for the 28 cases and 15 cases discontinued GC completely. Generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) subtype had an association with a group of patients who achieved therapeutic goal (p = 0.001). Median duration from JMG onset to tacrolimus use was 10.50 months for those who achieved therapeutic goal and 36.00 months for those who did not achieve therapeutic goal (p = 0.010). The median Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) score improved significantly (p = 0.003). The initiation of tacrolimus within 1 year of JMG onset showed an association with achievement of therapeutic goal (p = 0.026). GMG subtype showed an association with a group of patients who received tacrolimus within 1 year (p = <0.001). Tacrolimus side effects were tolerable.ConclusionThe provision of tacrolimus within 1 year of JMG onset is effective and safe.
The effects of ambient air pollution exposure on Thoroughbred racehorse performance
Authors: Kim Linda D. , Kreitner Kimberly , Scott Danielle M. , Seabaugh Katie , Duncan Colleen G. , Magzamen Sheryl 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited research exists on impacts of air pollution on non‐human mammals, particularly animal athletes such as Thoroughbred racehorses. Athletes have a greater risk of exposure as heightened exertion and increased airflow carry more pollutants deeper into the respiratory tract.ObjectivesTo provide insights into the impact of ambient air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), on race speed.Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsData were obtained from The Jockey Club Information Systems, covering 31 407 winning races by Thoroughbred horses in California spanning 10 years (2011–2020) and evaluated the association between air pollution and winning race speeds. For race days, we collected PM2.5 data from the nearest U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitoring site within 100 km of each racetrack (n = 12). We assessed the associations between daily average PM2.5 concentrations and speed of winning horses with linear mixed effects regression. We adjusted for horse characteristics, race‐related covariates, temporal indicators (e.g., year), other air pollutants and temperature. We conducted sensitivity analyses by adjusting extreme air pollution days by reassigning values to the 95th percentile value and conducting linear mixed effects regression on series of datasets with incremental cutpoints of PM2.5.ResultsIn the cutpoint analysis, we found that for PM2.5 between 4 and 23.6 μg/m3, speed decreased 0.0008 m/s (95% CI: −0.0014562 to −0.00018) for every 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5.Main limitationsLimitations include the use of offsite monitors leading to imprecise exposure measurements, not using training practice data, and generalisability as the study focuses on California racetracks.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to create advisories to safeguard the performance of horses during periods of poor air quality. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing the relationship between air pollution and equine welfare.
Enhancement of oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) flour properties via instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) technique
Authors: Şahin Nazlı 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) technology represents a highly efficient and eco‐friendly process that enhances the texture of food matrices. In this study, oleaster flour (OF) was subjected to DIC treatment at varying pressures (200 and 500 kPa) and processing times (30, 60, and 120 s) for the purpose of analysing its techno‐functional, chemical, concentration of bioactive components, and structural properties. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between the untreated and DIC‐treated OF samples (P < 0.05). The application of DIC treatment resulted in a notable enhancement in the water activity, fat, ash, SDF, bound phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of the OF (P < 0.05). The mineral content and structural properties were analysed in two samples of OF (DIC‐treated at 200 and 500 kPa for 60 s), which were selected for their superior bioactive components in comparison to the untreated OF. The 200 and 500‐kPa 60‐s DIC treatment also enhanced the mineral (Cu, Na, Mn, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and K) and structural properties of OF, thereby rendering it a more functional flour. The utilisation of the DIC method enhances the overall quality of the end product, resulting in a visually acceptable appearance, an extended shelf life and heightened nutritional content, thereby rendering the product more practical and convenient.
Development and validation of Tamil version of CARIES‐QC questionnaire among socially marginalized school children in Chennai City
Authors: Riyaz Mohammed Meera , Sivasamy Shyam , Chaly Preetha Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES‐QC), which was developed to assess dental caries‐specific Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life (COHRQoL), has been translated into few world languages.AimTo develop and validate the Tamil version of Caries Impacts and Experience Questionnaire for Children (CARIES‐QC).DesignThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among socially marginalized school children in Chennai City. The initial translation of the English CARIES‐QC questionnaire to Tamil was made by two independent translators followed by an expert committee discussion to derive a prefinal version of the Tamil questionnaire. Subsequently, content validation was performed by bilingual subject experts followed by preliminary pilot testing among 30 school children aged 8–10 years studying in Adidravidar Welfare High School, Chennai, to produce the final version of the questionnaire. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and test–retest reliability of the translated questionnaire were tested among 191 children.ResultsThe content validation process revealed that the translated version had relevant questions and content coverage (Scale‐wise Content Validity Index score = .91). The children with and without dental caries had mean CARIES‐QC scores of 5.39 + 3.7 and 3.71 + 5.1, respectively, and their statistically significant difference (p‐value = .04) between them indicates the scale's satisfactory discriminant validity. The Cronbach's alpha was .87 indicating the questionnaire's good internal consistency.ConclusionThe newly developed Tamil CARIES‐QC questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing COHRQoL among Tamil‐speaking school children.
Navigating sustainable manufacturing practices in small and medium‐sized enterprises: Empirical evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Peter Darren , Peter Marsyall , Peter Paul , Yacob Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSustainable manufacturing practices (SMPs) aim to minimize environmental effects throughout the manufacturing process by employing measures such as waste reduction, resource optimization, pollution prevention, energy‐efficient manufacturing processes and effective management of products at the end of their lifecycle. Although SMPs are widely studied in developed countries, their advocation and implementation are still in the early stages of development in emerging economies. Consequently, this article aims to identify SMPs among small and medium‐sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Data were collected based on a quantitative research method using online and offline mail. A total of 189 manufacturing SMEs were selected based on judgmental sampling techniques, and structural equation modelling AMOS was used to analyse the data. The results indicated a high positive correlation between perceived environmental performance, perceived quality performance, product innovation and process innovation. In addition, the perceived quality performance positively and directly affects process and product innovation. Thus, perceived environmental performance plays a role in directly and positively impacting product and process innovation. However, despite this, the perceived quality performance also affects SMPs directly and positively, with process innovation directly and positively impacting product innovation. The study's findings and recommendations can help Malaysian manufacturing SMEs to integrate and assist in understanding the current body of knowledge on the challenges of implementing SMPs in SMEs.
Acceptability and Usability of Smileyscope Virtual Reality for Paediatric Pain Management During Burn Procedures: Perspectives of Patients, Carers and Clinicians
Authors: Storey Kristen , Dimanopoulos Tanesha A. , Plummer Karin , Kimble Roy , Xiang Henry , Griffin Bronwyn 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore clinician, child and parent acceptability and usability of the Smileyscope VR device in the context of addressing the unique pain and distress needs of young burn patients.DesignA survey comprising closed and open‐ended questions.MethodDescriptive statistics analysed participant characteristics, pain and analgesia. Qualitative content was collected from April 2022–August 2022 and analysed to identify barriers and enablers. Categories were then mapped onto the Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivation‐Behaviour Wheel (COM‐B) framework.ResultsSmileyscope was found to be effective for reducing pain and anxiety during dressing changes by both patients (n = 39) and parents (n = 37). Clinicians (n = 35) reported high self‐efficacy and willingness to reuse the device. However, concerns arose regarding the device's fit and the need for age‐appropriate programmes.ConclusionSmileyscope demonstrated promise in reducing procedural pain and distress. The device is well accepted by all participants implying ease of implementation. Feedback suggests further program development and fitting optimisation is required.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareImproved procedural pain has proven to decrease wound healing times, decreasing possible need for further scar management and long‐term consequences after sustaining a burn injury. Smileyscope use in rural hospitals presents valuable opportunities for optimising early paediatric burn pain.ImpactIncreased burn pain can delay wound healing and have long term physical and psychological impact on patients. Smileyscope was well received within this cohort; however, improvements in device design and programmes were suggested. This study shows the potential for use of Smileyscope as a non‐pharmacological approach to improving paediatric burn pain and distress.Patient or Public ContributionWhile our study included patients, parents and clinicians as research participants, there was no patient or public contribution in the design or conduct of the study, analysis or interpretation of the data.
Effect of Staining, Glazing and Polishing on the Survival Probability of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Fiorin Lívia , Poole Stephanie Francoi , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo Barros Souza , Faria Adriana Claudia Lapria , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria , Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of staining, glazing, and polishing on the survival probability of monolithic crowns manufactured with preshaded stabilized zirconia with 5 mol% of yttrium oxide (5Y‐TZP).Materials and MethodsMonolithic crowns in the shape of an upper canine (1.5 mm of thickness) were manufactured by CAD/CAM, adhesively cemented on metallic foundation, and divided into 6 groups (n = 21): C (control), S (staining), G (glazing), P (polishing), SG (staining and glazing), and SP (staining and polishing). The survival probability was determined by step‐stress accelerated life testing with a load applied to the palatine concavity of the crown. First, the specimens were subjected to a single‐load to fracture test (SLF) and next to the fatigue test (5 Hz, thermocycling immersed in water varying 5–55°C), including the light (n = 9), moderate (n = 6), and aggressive (n = 3) loading profiles (load ranged between 20% and 60% of SLF). The survival probability was calculated considering the cycles for failure (CFF) and fatigue failure load (FFL) and illustrated using a Kaplan–Meier graph. The comparison among groups was performed using a Log‐Rank test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean value of SLF was 586.7 N. There was no difference among groups in survival probability, considering CFF and FFL.ConclusionStaining, glazing, and polishing can be performed safely without damaging the mechanical behavior of 5Y‐TZP monolithic crowns.Clinical SignificanceStaining is used to characterize and improve the esthetic of zirconia monolithic crowns. It can be used to reproduce the color gradient in the cervical region of the crown and pigmented grooves. This study showed that staining, glazing, and polishing did not affect the survival probability and the use of finishing procedures (glazing or polishing) after staining did not improve the survival probability of zirconia monolithic crowns.
Systems intelligence and families
Authors: Doherty William J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a world of increasing complexity, I propose that the concept of emotional intelligence is limited for understanding how people manage their family relationships and interactions with community systems. I review the background of the emotional intelligence concept and point out its limitations for dealing with multilateral relationships. I define systems intelligence as the capacity to effectively interact in multilateral relationships, including families, work groups, and social institutions. Systems intelligence encompasses the understanding of interpersonal systems, and the practical ability to act constructively in those systems. I also make a distinction between competency in dyadic relationships (relational intelligence) and competency in multilateral relationships (systems intelligence), and I illustrate systems intelligence with respect to stepfamilies and families' relationships with health‐care professionals. A principal implication for the family field is to move beyond a focus on dyads (parent/child and couple) to include multilateral relationships that are intrinsic to family life.
School Perceptions and Attendance for Children With Medical Complexity During COVID‐19 Over Time
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , DeMuri Gregory P. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Singh‐Verdeflor Kristina , Warner Gemma , Butteris Sabrina M. , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Gerber Danielle , Katz Barbara , Koval Shawn , Kelly Michelle M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDisparities in school attendance exist for children with medical complexity (CMC) due to COVID‐19. Longitudinal changes in family‐reported school safety perceptions and predictors of full‐time, in‐person school attendance are unknown.METHODSThis was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study with 3 survey waves (June 2021‐June 2022) among English‐ and Spanish‐speaking families of CMC aged 5 to 17 years and pre‐pandemic school attendance. Changes in Health Belief Model perceptions and full‐time in‐person school attendance were estimated using multivariate generalized linear modeling with repeated measures.RESULTSAmong 1601 respondents (52.9% of 3073 invited), 86.8% participated in all 3 surveys. School safety perceptions improved with time; however, perceived susceptibility to COVID‐19 increased. Full‐time in‐person school attendance rose from 48.4% to 90.0% from wave 1 to 3 (p < .0001), and was associated with motivation, benefits, and cues. For example, families with low compared to high motivation for in‐person attendance had 76% versus 98% predicted probability for child's school attendance, respectively at wave 3 (p < .0001).IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYProbability of full‐time in‐person school attendance was associated with several health belief model perceptions. School health policy and programs may benefit from promoting family motivation, benefits, and cues during future respiratory illness epidemics including COVID‐19.CONCLUSIONSIn‐person school attendance improved for CMC over time. Opportunities exist to continue optimizing in‐person attendance and family‐perceived safety for CMC at school.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis in the UK and their clinical significance: 53 cases (2013‐2021)
Authors: Jones B. A. , Agthe P. , Scarpante E. , Crawford A. , Black V. , Espadas I. , Formoso S. , Fraser A. R. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo describe the MRI findings in a UK referral population of dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis and to determine if they were associated with any specific clinical features or outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe performed a multi‐centre retrospective case series of dogs diagnosed with steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis in the UK that underwent MRI. Blinded consensus review of the MRI studies was performed and the findings described. The presence or absence of specific MRI abnormalities were analysed for significant associations with presenting signs, results of investigations or case outcomes.ResultsFifty‐three dogs were included. The most common MRI findings were paravertebral muscle changes (30/53; 56.6%), meningeal contrast enhancement (13/41; 31.7%) and spinal cord parenchymal T2‐W hyperintensity (15/53; 28.3%). Haemorrhage was observed in five of 53 (9.4%) cases – three intradural‐extramedullary, one intramedullary and one extradural. Following binary logistic regressions, T2‐W spinal cord parenchymal hyperintensity had a significant positive association with paresis/paralysis (odds ratio 14.86, 95% confidence interval 1.42 to 154.99) as did haemorrhage (odds ratio 16.12, confidence interval 2.05 to 126.73). Fifty‐two (98.1%) dogs survived to discharge. Relapse occurred in nine of 29 (31.0%) dogs with sufficient follow‐up, and no MRI finding had a significant relationship with its occurrence.Clinical SignificanceMagnetic resonance imaging findings for steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis can be severe and extensive, as can the clinical presentation. The presence of paresis/paralysis should raise concern for haemorrhage, though most dogs still have a good prognosis.