bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Multiple MS Binding Assays Addressing D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors
Authors: Schuller Marion , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMS Binding Assays are a label‐free alternative to radioligand binding assays. They provide basically the same capabilities as the latter, but use a non‐labeled reporter ligand instead of a radioligand. In contrast to radioligand binding assays, MS Binding Assays offer—owing to the selectivity of mass spectrometric detection—the opportunity to monitor the binding of different reporter ligands at different targets simultaneously. The present study shows a proof of concept for this strategy as exemplified for MS Binding Assays selectively addressing D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in a single binding experiment. A highly sensitive, rapid and robust LC–ESI‐MS/MS quantification method capable of quantifying both SCH23390 and raclopride, selectively addressing D1 and D2 receptors, respectively, was established and validated for this purpose. Based thereon, simultaneous saturation and competition experiments with SCH23390 and raclopride in the presence of both D1 and D2 receptors were performed and analyzed by LC–MS/MS within a single chromatographic cycle. The present study thus demonstrates the feasibility of this strategy and the high versatility of MS Binding Assays that appears to surpass that common for conventional radioligand binding assays.
The Effect of Substituent‐Dependent Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer on the Photochromism of Hemithioindigos
Authors: Wang Junjie , Rueck‐Braun Karola 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of N,N′‐diarylamine‐modified hemithioindigos (HTIs) were synthesized and characterized. Photochemical Z/E isomerization around the C=C double bond occurred for all novel HTIs in various solvents. Due to a strong donor–acceptor π‐conjugated structure, the novel HTIs exhibited a strong red shift and clear solvatochromism in steady‐state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements, respectively. An intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the diarylamine‐substituted stilbene component (donor) to the thioindigo part (acceptor) strongly affects the isomerization behavior. HTI is the dominating photochromic unit in this system but the substitution pattern on the triarylamine (TAA) moiety causes unusually strong changes in the photostationary states (PSS) and thermal stabilities. Electron‐withdrawing substituents (such as cyano groups) strongly improve thermal stabilities and enrich the E‐isomer content in the photostationary state, however electron‐donating substituents play a converse effect, for example, in the solvents hexane and tetrachloroethene. The low E ratio in the PSS in more polar solvents, such as acetonitrile, can be explained by a very fast thermal back reaction and formation of a new decay state in OMe‐substituted compounds.
Determination of GnRH and its synthetic analogues' abuse in doping control: Small bioactive peptide UPLC–MS/MS method extension by addition of in vitro and in vivo metabolism data; evaluation of LH and steroid profile parameter fluctuations as suitable biomarkers
Authors: Zvereva Irina , Dudko Grigory , Dikunets Marina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and its small peptide synthetic analogues are included in Section S2 of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List as they stimulate pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and testicular testosterone (T) secretion. Both the following approaches can be applied for determination of abuse of these peptides: direct identification of intact compounds and their metabolites in athletes' biofluids and evaluation of LH and T concentrations as mediate markers of drug intake. To develop an effective concept for GnRH and its analogues determination in anti‐doping control, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A new method was applied to the evaluation of the slow‐release profile of buserelin, goserelin, and leuprolide biodegradable microspheres after the intramuscular injection in male volunteers. Eight metabolites of 10 GnRH analogues were identified after incubation with human kidney microsomes, most of them were leuprolide degradation products. Obtained data were added into ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for GnRH analogues determination. The detection time windows for administered peptides and their metabolites in urine samples were evaluated with 2 sample preparation techniques: dilute‐and‐shoot and solid‐phase extraction. To support the second hypothesis, the measurement of LH and the main parameters of the steroid profile were performed in urine samples. Just 1 compound among those investigated resulted in the LH concentration dropping to non‐physiological levels. Thus, for doping‐control purposes, monitoring of hormone levels fluctuations could be applied only together with longitudinal passport steroid profile data.
State‐dependent behavior alters endocrine–energy relationship: implications for conservation and management
Authors: Jesmer Brett R. , Goheen Jacob R. , Monteith Kevin L. , Kauffman Matthew J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) and triiodothyronine (T3) are two endocrine markers commonly used to quantify resource limitation, yet the relationships between these markers and the energetic state of animals has been studied primarily in small‐bodied species in captivity. Free‐ranging animals, however, adjust energy intake in accordance with their energy reserves, a behavior known as state‐dependent foraging. Further, links between life‐history strategies and metabolic allometries cause energy intake and energy reserves to be more strongly coupled in small animals relative to large animals. Because GC and T3 may reflect energy intake or energy reserves, state‐dependent foraging and body size may cause endocrine–energy relationships to vary among taxa and environments. To extend the utility of endocrine markers to large‐bodied, free‐ranging animals, we evaluated how state‐dependent foraging, energy reserves, and energy intake influenced fecal GC and fecal T3 concentrations in free‐ranging moose (Alces alces). Compared with individuals possessing abundant energy reserves, individuals with few energy reserves had higher energy intake and high fecal T3 concentrations, thereby supporting state‐dependent foraging. Although fecal GC did not vary strongly with energy reserves, individuals with higher fecal GC tended to have fewer energy reserves and substantially greater energy intake than those with low fecal GC. Consequently, individuals with greater energy intake had both high fecal T3 and high fecal GC concentrations, a pattern inconsistent with previous documentation from captive animal studies. We posit that a positive relationship between GC and T3 may be expected in animals exhibiting state‐dependent foraging if GC is associated with increased foraging and energy intake. Thus, we recommend that additional investigations of GC– and T3–energy relationships be conducted in free‐ranging animals across a diversity of body size and life‐history strategies before these endocrine markers are applied broadly to wildlife conservation and management.
Interactions between soil‐dwelling arthropod predators and Ixodes scapularis under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Burtis J. C. , Pflueger C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe primary vector for Lyme disease and several other medically significant tick‐borne diseases, Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick), spends over 95% of its two‐year life cycle exposed to the soil environment. However, the effect of soil‐dwelling arthropod predator populations on I. scapularis survival either in the laboratory or under field conditions is unclear. We collected soil‐dwelling obligate arthropod predators from the field, representing 13 taxonomic families, and investigated whether they would target two I. scapularis life stages (nymph/engorged larva) under laboratory conditions. After 48 h, 30.6% of the predator species targeted I. scapularis nymphs, while 41.3% targeted engorged larvae. One spider species, Schizocosa ocreata, targeted both I. scapularis life stages reliably under laboratory conditions. We used this species to test whether an arthropod predator would affect I. scapularis survival in field microcosms which contained alternative prey items and a complex soil environment. We also investigated the direct and indirect effects of surface litter on I. scapularis survival by removing the leaf litter layer from half of the microcosms. Predator addition reduced the number of nymphs recovered from the microcosms after 21 d by 32.9%. Litter removal also had a negative effect on tick survival, and interacted weakly with the addition of a predator further decreasing tick survival. Additionally, we found that when leaf litter was removed, I. scapularis survival was positively correlated with the organic matter content of the soil within the microcosms. Naturally occurring arthropod predators may play an important role in regulating population dynamics of I. scapularis and show potential as biological control agents for use in integrated pest management protocols.
Poly (N‐acryloxysuccinimide‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith and its post polymerization modification with alkyl ligands, trypsin and lectins for reversed‐phase chromatography, miniaturized enzyme reactors and lectin affinity chromatography, respectively
Authors: Jonnada Murthy , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis investigation was aimed at introducing a monolithic precursor that can be conveniently grafted with the desired chromatographic ligand via the process of post polymerization modification (PPM). The precursor was obtained by the in‐situ polymerization of N‐acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) in a narrow bore stainless steel column of 1 mm i.d. yielding a poly(NAS‐co‐EDMA) monolithic column designated as the poly(NAS‐co‐EDMA) monolith (NASM) column. In a first PPM, the NASM column was bonded with octadecyl (OD) ligands yielding a nonpolar NASM‐OD column that proved useful for reversed phase chromatography (RPC) of proteins in gradient elution at increasing %ACN in the mobile phase. NASM‐OD resulted from the reaction between the N‐hydroxysuccinimide of NASM with octadecyl amine. In a second PPM, NASM was surface immobilized with trypsin generating a proteolytic narrow bore enzyme reactor called NASM‐trypsin immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) that permitted the online digestion of proteins in a 20‐min single pass through the IMER incorporated in a setup equipped with a short RPC column to achieve simultaneously a peptide tryptic map. This constituted a rapid turnover whereby ∼95% of the protein was hydrolyzed by the immobilized trypsin. In a third PPM, the NASM column was surface immobilized with three different lectins (LCA, Con A and RCA) having complementary affinities toward serum glycoproteins thus permitting the capture of a wide range of glycoproteins/glycoforms. The three NASM‐lectin columns when operated in a tandem format led to assessing the level of the various glycoforms in human serum via LC‐MS/MS analysis of the captured protein fractions by each NASM‐lectin column.
Gateway selection and clustering in multi‐interface wireless mesh networks considering network reliability and traffic
Authors: Bozorgchenani Arash , Jahanshahi Mohsen , Tarchi Daniele 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work considers the gateway selection and clustering problem in a multi‐interface wireless mesh network. The evolved reliability and traffic‐aware gateway selection scheme is here introduced to increase the performance in terms of throughput. There are 2 main phases in the proposed idea. In the first step, some Internet Gateway Candidates are selected from the mesh nodes in the network, based on the network traffic. Then, in the second step, using the path tracing method, the best of these candidates are selected as Internet gateways. Moreover, to decrease the network energy consumption, a refined evolved reliability and traffic‐aware gateway selection scheme is also proposed whose effect in simulation is shown. A clustering method is later proposed exploiting the genetic algorithm to give priority to the nodes with the shortest hop to connect to the cluster head. Simulation results demonstrate how our gateway selection and clustering scheme outperforms 2 successful approaches in terms of throughput and network energy consumption.
Awa: Using water distribution systems to transmit data
Authors: Joseph Karun M. , Watteyne Thomas , Kerkez Branko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article presents Awa, a real‐time wireless monitoring solution for urban water distribution systems (WDSs). The Awa system is composed of a distributed network of low‐cost sensor nodes that can be quickly installed on water pipes. Rather than using conventional radio signals, which are attenuated in underground environments, the nodes use the actual water‐filled pipe as the transmission medium to communicate with one another. This permits the use of an already existing water infrastructure in the deployment of large wireless sensor networks. We describe the development and evaluation of novel and battery‐powered sensor nodes that can be magnetically clipped to valves and hard‐to‐access points in WDSs without requiring digging or cutting of pipes. A channel characterization is carried out and a number of data modulation schemes are evaluated across a 110‐m section of pipe in an operational WDSs. We identify a near‐optimal frequency (near 500 Hz) for transmitting data. We demonstrate communication at 100 bps across a real‐world water pipe using amplitude modulation. Not unlike radio‐frequency wireless, we also measure the highly nonstationary effects of multipath fading. The article also contains an in‐depth discussion about the opportunities that this emerging communication technology offers in the context of city‐wide leak detection and flow monitoring.
Choosing and booking—and attending? Impact of an electronic booking system on outpatient referrals and non‐attendances
Authors: Dusheiko Mark , Gravelle Hugh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPatient non‐attendance can lead to worse health outcomes and longer waiting times. In the English National Health Service, around 7% of patients who are referred by their general practice for a hospital outpatient appointment fail to attend. An electronic booking system (Choose and Book—C&B) for general practices making hospital outpatient appointments was introduced in England in 2005 and by 2009 accounted for 50% of appointments. It was intended, inter alia, to reduce the rate of non‐attendance. Using a 2004–2009 panel with 7,900 English general practices, allowing for the relaxation of constraints on patient of hospital, and for the potential endogeneity of use of C&B, we estimate that the introduction of C&B reduced non‐attendance by referred patients in 2009 by 72,160 (8.7%).
Water isotopes and hydrograph separation in different glacial catchments in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Pu Tao , Qin Dahe , Kang Shichang , Niu HeWen , He Yuanqing , Wang Shijin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSnow and glaciers are known to be important sources for freshwater; nevertheless, our understanding of the hydrological functioning of glacial catchments remains limited when compared with lower altitude catchments. In this study, a temperate glacial region located in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau is selected to analyse the characteristics of δ18O and δD in different water sources and the contribution of glacier–snow meltwater to streamflow. The results indicate that the δ18O of river water ranges from −16.2‰ to −10.2‰ with a mean of −14.1‰ and that the δD values range from −117.0‰ to −68.0‰ with a mean of −103.1‰. These values are more negative than those of glacier–snow meltwater but less negative than those of precipitation. The d‐excess values are found to decrease from meltwater to river to lake/reservoir water as a result of evaporation. On the basis of hydrograph separation, glacier–snow meltwater accounts for 51.5% of river water in the Baishui catchment in the melting season. In the Yanggong catchment, snow meltwater contributes 47.9% to river water in the premonsoon period, and glacier meltwater contributes only 6.8% in the monsoon period. The uncertainty in hydrograph separation is sensitive to the variation of tracer concentrations of streamflow components. The input of meltwater to a water system varies with local climate and glacier changes. The results confirm that hydrograph separation using water isotopes is valuable for evaluating the recharge sources of rivers, especially in ungauged glacial regions. This study provides insights into the hydrological processes of glacial catchments on the Tibetan Plateau, which is important for water resource management.
Lake ice and temperature trends for Ontario and Manitoba: 2001 to 2014
Authors: Murfitt Justin , Brown Laura C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLakes are a prominent geographic feature in northern landscapes and play an important role in understanding regional climate systems. In order to better model changes within climate systems, it is important to study lake ice processes. Although the availability of records for lake ice through ground measurements has declined in recent years, the increased use of remote sensing provides an alternative to this. Using a preclassified snow and ice remote sensing product with a 500‐m resolution, based on images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS/MOD10A1), and the use of measured and reanalysis temperature data, this study evaluated lake ice phenology dates in connection to recent trends in temperature and 0 °C isotherms within Ontario and Manitoba between 2001 and 2014. Temperature trends indicated both regional warming and cooling, with significant cooling observed in Southern Ontario (p < .05) and significant warming in Southern Manitoba (p < .1) during the fall. Spatial analysis of the trends in the lake ice data showed significant clustering of significant trends in ice on dates (p < .01). When analysing the trends in ice phenology in connection to the trends in temperature, it was found that 70% of lakes experienced a change in the ice on date with the expected change in temperature and 85% of lakes for ice off date. When shifting ice on and ice off dates are investigated in relation to 0 °C isotherms, it was seen that 80% of ice on dates and 100% of ice off dates shifted in sync with the isotherm dates. This demonstrates that the ice phenology of lakes in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, is responding to short‐term variability in temperature. The MODIS product could be used to investigate ice phenology on a large scale and contribute towards expanding existing records of ice phenology. Establishing long‐term ice records could be a valuable asset for other research ranging from water balance studies to the response of lake biota under changing climate.
Mast Cells Are Critical Regulators of Bone Fracture–Induced Inflammation and Osteoclast Formation and Activity
Authors: Kroner Jochen , Kovtun Anna , Kemmler Julia , Messmann Joanna J , Strauss Gudrun , Seitz Sebastian , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Kotrba Johanna , Froebel Julia , Dudeck Jan , Dudeck Anne , Ignatius Anita 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Mast cells, important sensor and effector cells of the immune system, may influence bone metabolism as their number is increased in osteoporotic patients. They are also present during bone fracture healing with currently unknown functions. Using a novel c-Kit-independent mouse model of mast cell deficiency, we demonstrated that mast cells did not affect physiological bone turnover. However, they triggered local and systemic inflammation after fracture by inducing release of inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of innate immune cells. In later healing stages, mast cells accumulated and regulated osteoclast activity to remodel the bony fracture callus. Furthermore, they were essential to induce osteoclast formation after ovariectomy. Additional in vitro studies revealed that they promote osteoclastogenesis via granular mediators, mainly histamine. In conclusion, mast cells are redundant in physiologic bone turnover but exert crucial functions after challenging the system, implicating mast cells as a potential target for treating inflammatory bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cover Image, Volume 92, Issue 9
Authors: Díaz José Antonio , Skrzyńska Elżbieta , Zaid Soraya , Girardon Jean‐Sébastien , Capron Mickaël , Dumeignil Franck , Fongarland Pascal 
Published: August 2017

The cover image, by José Antonio Díaz et al., is based on the Research Article Kinetic modelling of the glycerol oxidation in the liquid phase: comparison of Pt, Au and Ag AS active phases, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5296. Photo Credit: CNRS Photothèque / Cyril FRESILLON.
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MRI of patients with implanted cardiac devices
Authors: Kalb Bobby , Indik Julia H. , Ott Peter , Martin Diego R. 
Published: August 2017

Cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) have historically been regarded as a contraindication for performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), limiting the availability of this exam for large numbers of patients who may have otherwise benefited from the unique diagnostic capabilities of MRI. Interactions between CIEDs and the magnetic field associated with MRI systems have been documented, and include potential effects on CIED function, lead heating, and force/torque on the generator. Several device manufacturers have developed “MR‐Conditional” CIEDs with specific hardware and software design changes to optimize the device for the MR environment. However, a substantial body of evidence has been accumulating that suggests that MRI may be safely performed in patients with either conditional or nonconditional CIEDs. Institutional policies and procedures, including preexam screening and assessment by skilled electrophysiology personnel and intraexam monitoring, allow MRI to be safely performed in CIED patients, as evidenced by at least two, large multicenter prospective studies and multiple smaller, single‐institution studies. Cross‐departmental collaboration and a robust safety infrastructure at sites that perform MRI should allow for the safe imaging of CIED patients who have a clinical indication for the study, regardless of the conditionality status of the device.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:595–603.