bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in a random sampling community population and the association ofNCCLs with occlusive wear
Authors: Yang J. , Cai D. , Wang F. , He D. , Ma L. , Jin Y. , Que K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and association of occlusive wear with non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in the general Chinese population. A total of 1320 subjects were recruited, and multistage and random sampling methods of survey spots were performed. All age groups comprised similar numbers of participants and equal numbers of males and females. Each subject completed a structured interview, and all teeth of each subject were examined by a practitioner to determineNCCLs and occlusive wear. Binary logistic regression was conducted by analysing the association of risk factors with the occurrence ofNCCLs. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed by determining the association ofNCCLs dimension or depth with the range of occlusive wear facets. Clinical assessment showed that the overall prevalence of subjects diagnosed withNCCLs was 63%. The proportion of subjects or teeth withNCCLs significantly increased with age. Pre‐molars were the most commonly affected teeth. Single variables and interactive effects of variables associated with the occurrence ofNCCLs include the following: age group, intensity of toothbrushing, frequency of fresh fruit consumption and interactive effect between intensity of toothbrushing and frequency of fresh fruit consumption. A weak positive correlation of the grading index was found betweenNCCLs dimension, size or depth and range of occlusive wear facets. This study reported the higher prevalence ofNCCLs in the general Chinese population. Implementation of a combined strategy to reduce risk factors ofNCCLs could be more effective than individual techniques; meanwhile, the occurrence ofNCCLcould be related to the wear degree of occlusive defects in the population studied.
Patients with HBV‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure have increased concentrations of extracellular histones aggravating cellular damage and systemic inflammation
Authors: Li X. , Gou C. , Yao L. , Lei Z. , Gu T. , Ren F. , Wen T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is the most common type of liver failure and associated with grave consequences. Systemic inflammation has been linked to its pathogenesis and outcome, but the identifiable triggers are absent. Recently, extracellular histones, especially H4, have been recognized as important mediators of cell damage in various inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether extracellular histones have clinical implications in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related ACLF. One hundred and twelve patients with HBV‐related ACLF, 90 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 88 patients with HBV‐related liver cirrhosis and 40 healthy volunteers were entered into this study. Plasma histone H4 levels, cytokine profile and clinical data were obtained. Besides, patient's sera were incubated overnight with human L02 hepatocytes or monocytic U937 cells in the presence or absence of antihistone H4 antibody, and cellular damage and cytokine production were evaluated. We found that plasma histone H4 levels were greatly increased in patients with ACLF as compared with chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and healthy control subjects and were significantly associated with disease severity, systemic inflammation and outcome. Notably, ACLF patients' sera incubation decreased cultured L02 cell integrity and induced profound cytokine production in the supernatant of U937 cells. Antihistone H4 antibody treatment abrogated these adverse effects, thus confirming a cause‐effect relationship between extracellular histones and organ injury/dysfunction. The data support the hypothesis that the increased extracellular histone levels in ACLF patients may aggravate disease severity by inducing cellular injury and systemic inflammation. Histone‐targeted therapies may have potentially interventional value in clinical practice.
Dendroecological reconstruction of disturbance history of an old‐growth mixed sessile oak–beech forest
Authors: Petritan Any Mary , Bouriaud Olivier , Frank David C. , Petritan Ion Catalin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the stand development patterns and successional processes occurring in a Quercus petraea–Fagus sylvatica old‐growth forest? Do these two sympatric species have different recruitment and canopy accession strategies? How do they respond to disturbance?LocationOld‐growth Q. petraea–F. sylvatica forest in Runcu Grosi Natural Reserve, Romania.MethodsIncrement cores were taken from 110 similarly sized pairs of standing dead and living sessile oak trees, and additionally from the 110 most competitive neighbouring living beech trees, growing in the best‐preserved part of the reserve. Release events were detected using the boundary line method. Recruitment and canopy accession strategies were defined using tree juvenile growth rate, overall growth patterns and the presence or absence of a major crown release.ResultsSessile oak establishment occurred between 1800 and 1859, while beech have regenerated continuously, with greater in‐growth after 1860. Tree recruitment followed species‐specific requirements, with most sessile oak having a gap origin (82%) and many beech regenerating in the understorey (41%). Release events occurred continuously during the period analysed (1820–2003), but the percentage of trees per decade that showed releases was <15%. A larger number of releases were recorded in beech compared to sessile oak. Living and dead sessile oak originated under similar conditions, but after the 1900s they experienced different canopy disturbances regimes.ConclusionsThe investigated stand appears to originate after a large‐scale disturbance that promoted sessile oak recruitment. Thereafter, regular small‐scale disturbances favoured beech, which became a competitor to sessile oak and achieved faster growth despite a less favourable initial canopy position. Mortality started to occur in oak. Stand maturation and increasing competition could favour the occurrence of large‐scale windthrow, which would again promote sessile oak.
Genome scan reveals selection acting on genes linked to stress response in wild pearl millet
Authors: Berthouly‐Salazar Cécile , Thuillet Anne‐Céline , Rhoné Bénédicte , Mariac Cédric , Ousseini Issaka Salia , Couderc Marie , Tenaillon Maud I. , Vigouroux Yves 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUncovering genomic regions involved in adaption is a major goal in evolutionary biology. High‐throughput sequencing now makes it possible to tackle this challenge in nonmodel species. Yet, despite the increasing number of methods targeted to specifically detect genomic footprints of selection, the complex demography of natural populations often causes high rates of false positive in gene discoveries. The aim of this study was to identify climate adaptations in wild pearl millet populations, Cenchrus americanus ssp. monodii. We focused on two climate gradients, one in Mali and one in Niger. We used a two‐step strategy to limit false‐positive outliers. First, we considered gradients as biological replicates and performed RNA sequencing of four populations at the extremities. We combined four methods—three based on differentiation among populations and one based on diversity patterns within populations—to identify outlier SNPs from a set of 87 218 high‐quality SNPs. Among 11 155 contigs of pearl millet reference transcriptome, 540 exhibited selection signals as evidenced by at least one of the four methods. In a second step, we genotyped 762 samples in 11 additional populations distributed along the gradients using SNPs from the detected contigs and random SNPs as control. We further assessed selection on this large data set using a differentiation‐based method and a method based on correlations with environmental variables based. Four contigs displayed consistent signatures between the four extreme and 11 additional populations, two of which were linked to abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Phylogeographic past and invasive presence of Arion pest slugs in Europe
Authors: Zemanova Miriam A. , Knop Eva , Heckel Gerald 
Published: September 2016

AbstractArion vulgaris (syn. A. lusitanicus) is the most destructive pest slug in Europe. The species has been regarded a classic case of an ongoing biological invasion with negative economic and ecological impact in many European countries, but this status has recently been contested. In this study, we assessed mitochondrial and autosomal genetic diversity in populations of A. vulgaris across the entire distribution range in order to characterize its evolutionary history. Mitochondrial diversity in A. vulgaris was strongly reduced compared with the closely related and largely codistributed noninvasive species A. rufus and A. ater, indicating a very rapid spread of A. vulgaris through Europe. Autosomal diversity assessed in 632 individuals from 32 populations decreased towards eastern and northern Europe which is consistent with the reported expansion of the species towards these regions in the last decades. Demographic simulations supported very recent population founding events in most of the European range. The short periods between the first detection of A. vulgaris in different countries and only a very weak association of genetic structuring among populations with geographical distances suggest a human contribution in the ongoing expansion of the slug. We propose that this contribution may ultimately prevent the exact localization of the debated region of origin of A. vulgaris. However, the reclassification of A. vulgaris as noninvasive would be premature. Without counter measures, the Eastern and Northern European countries can expect to see this biological invasion continued in the future.
MC1R variants affect the expression of melanocortin and melanogenic genes and the association between melanocortin genes and coloration
Authors: San‐Jose Luis M. , Ducrest Anne‐Lyse , Ducret Valérie , Simon Céline , Richter Hannes , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Roulin Alexandre 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) gene influences coloration by altering the expression of genes acting downstream in the melanin synthesis. MC1R belongs to the melanocortin system, a genetic network coding for the ligands that regulate MC1R and other melanocortin receptors controlling different physiological and behavioural traits. The impact of MC1R variants on these regulatory melanocortin genes was never considered, even though MC1R mutations could alter the influence of these genes on coloration (e.g. by decreasing MC1R response to melanocortin ligands). Using barn owl growing feathers, we investigated the differences between MC1R genotypes in the (co)expression of six melanocortin and nine melanogenic‐related genes and in the association between melanocortin gene expression and phenotype (feather pheomelanin content). Compared to the MC1R rufous allele, responsible for reddish coloration, the white allele was not only associated with an expected lower expression of melanogenic‐related genes (TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, KIT, DCT) but also with a lower MC1R expression and a higher expression of ASIP, the MC1R antagonist. More importantly, the expression of PCSK2, responsible for the maturation of the MC1R agonist, α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, was positively related to pheomelanin content in MC1R white homozygotes but not in individuals carrying the MC1R rufous allele. These findings indicate that MC1R mutations not only alter the expression of melanogenic‐related genes but also the association between coloration and the expression of melanocortin genes upstream of MC1R. This suggests that MC1R mutations can modulate the regulation of coloration by the pleiotropic melanocortin genes, potentially decoupling the often‐observed associations between coloration and other phenotypes.
Do Jackhammer contractions lead to achalasia? A longitudinal study
Authors: Huang L. , Pimentel M. , Rezaie A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundJackhammer esophagus (JE) is a rare esophageal motility disorder defined in the Chicago Classification of Esophageal Motility by presence of excessively high distal contractile integral (DCI) on high‐resolution manometry (HRM), with unknown natural manometric course. We examined the development of achalasia over time in patients with JE.MethodsThrough a retrospective longitudinal design, patients with Jackhammer contractions who had more than one HRM between 2005 and 2015 were identified. Any change in manometric finding was assessed for the presence of achalasia. Demographic and manometric risk factors for this progression were then sought in univariate analysis.Key ResultsOf 3363 HRM studies, 229 subjects had multiple manometries, accounting for 528 studies. Twelve subjects met our inclusion criteria for JE on any of the multiple tests, represented by 27 studies for a total of 347 patient‐months of manometric follow‐up. Subjects with JE whose manometry included impedance demonstrated consistent esophageal bolus clearance. Of 12 subjects with Jackhammer contractions, three subjects progressed to type III achalasia, over a mean of 24 months (range: 19–31 months). At the time of diagnosis with JE, impaired esophago‐gastric junction relaxation was seen in all three subjects and was the only risk factor that could predict progression to achalasia (P<.01).Conclusions & InferencesIn this unique study of the natural course of JE, we have shown that JE can progress to achalasia. Manometric findings at the time of JE diagnosis might predict this progression.
Citizen science data reveal ecological, historical and evolutionary factors shaping interactions between woody hosts and wood‐inhabiting fungi
Authors: Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob , Maruyama Pietro K. , Bruun Hans Henrik , Dimitrov Dimitar , Læssøe Thomas , Frøslev Tobias Guldberg , Dalsgaard Bo 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Woody plants host diverse communities of associated organisms, including wood‐inhabiting fungi. In this group, host effects on species richness and interaction network structure are not well understood, especially not at large geographical scales.

We investigated ecological, historical and evolutionary determinants of fungal species richness and network modularity, that is, subcommunity structure, across woody hosts in Denmark, using a citizen science data set comprising > 80 000 records of > 1000 fungal species on 91 genera of woody plants.

Fungal species richness was positively related to host size, wood pH, and the number of species in the host genus, with limited influence of host frequency and host history, that is, time since host establishment in the area. Modularity patterns were unaffected by host history, but largely reflected host phylogeny. Notably, fungal communities differed substantially between angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts.

Host traits and evolutionary history appear to be more important than host frequency and recent history in structuring interactions between hosts and wood‐inhabiting fungi. High wood acidity appears to act as a stress factor reducing fungal species richness, while large host size, providing increased niche diversity, enhances it. In some fungal groups that are known to interact with live host cells in the establishment phase, host selectivity is common, causing a modular community structure.
Can transcutaneous near infrared spectroscopy detect severe hepatic ischemia: a juvenile porcine model
Authors: Skowno Justin J. , Karpelowsky Jonathan S. , Watts Nicola R. , Little David G. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundVascular complications following pediatric liver transplantation occur in 8–10% of cases, and no continuous, non‐invasive monitoring for this problem exists. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows non‐invasive, continuous, transcutaneous assessment of hemoglobin oxygenation (StO2) 1–4 cm below the skin surface.AimsWe hypothesized that transcutaneous NIRS would be able to detect severe hepatic ischemia, and tested this in an animal model using 15–20 kg and 5–7 kg juvenile pigs.Materials and MethodsDirect liver surface and transcutaneous hepatic tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) were measured during occlusions of the hepatic artery and portal vein. Changes in hepatic delivery of oxygen (HepDO2) were calculated for each ischemic challenge and compared to changes in direct liver surface (DirHepStO2) and transcutaneous liver StO2 measurements (CutHepStO2).ResultsIn the 15–20 kg animals during complete occlusion, CutHepStO2 decreased by 6.0(±4.9)%, whilst DirHepStO2 decreased by 83.7(±7.2)%. In the 5–7 kg animals during complete occlusion, CutHepStO2 decreased by 27.4(±8.5)%, whilst DirHepStO2 decreased by 82.8(±4.6)%.ConclusionTranscutaneous hepatic StO2 monitoring cannot reliably detect severe hepatic ischemia in a juvenile porcine model, although a stronger and potentially useful signal is seen in 5–7 kg pigs. Trials of this technology should be currently restricted to situations where the organ is less than 1 cm from the skin surface, corresponding to infants of <10 kg.
Resting cardiac vagal tone predicts intraindividual reaction time variability during an attention task in a sample of young and healthy adults
Authors: Williams DeWayne P. , Thayer Julian F. , Koenig Julian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntraindividual reaction time variability (IIV), defined as the variability in trial‐to‐trial response times, is thought to serve as an index of central nervous system function. As such, greater IIV reflects both poorer executive brain function and cognitive control, in addition to lapses in attention. Resting‐state vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a psychophysiological index of self‐regulatory abilities, has been linked with executive brain function and cognitive control such that those with greater resting‐state vmHRV often perform better on cognitive tasks. However, research has yet to investigate the direct relationship between resting vmHRV and task IIV. The present study sought to examine this relationship in a sample of 104 young and healthy participants who first completed a 5‐min resting‐baseline period during which resting‐state vmHRV was assessed. Participants then completed an attentional (target detection) task, where reaction time, accuracy, and trial‐to‐trial IIV were obtained. Results showed resting vmHRV to be significantly related to IIV, such that lower resting vmHRV predicted higher IIV on the task, even when controlling for several covariates (including mean reaction time and accuracy). Overall, our results provide further evidence for the link between resting vmHRV and cognitive control, and extend these notions to the domain of lapses in attention, as indexed by IIV. Implications and recommendations for future research on resting vmHRV and cognition are discussed.
Interactive effects of biochar and an organic dust suppressant for revegetation and erosion control with herbaceous seed mixtures and willow cuttings
Authors: Kuttner Ben G. , Thomas Sean C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLand reclamation efforts on “non‐soil” substrates frequently involve additions of organic material coupled with soil‐stabilizing dust suppressants to control erosion, but formal experiments, particularly of interactive effects, are lacking. We examined the effects of Entac™, a tall oil pitch emulsion, and pyrolyzed wood waste‐derived biochar on early plant establishment, growth, and survivorship, in 2 factorial greenhouse experiments: 1 using a seed mix widely used for roadside erosion control (the grasses Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne, and white clover [Trifolium repens]) and 1 using rooted cuttings of sand bar willow (Salix exigua). Biochar additions of 5, 10, and 20 t/ha enhanced biomass of clover by 14–250%, but had no significant effects on grasses. Entac additions inhibited early establishment and growth of both clover and grasses at all biochar treatment levels. Entac plus biochar treatments significantly enhanced survivorship of willows following a drought treatment in a greenhouse trial. In a field trial, Entac treatments had positive effects on willow diameter growth. Collectively, these results suggest that better soil moisture retention is the principal mechanism responsible for enhanced survivorship and growth of planted willows treated with Entac and biochar on sand substrates. Given Entac's inhibitive effects on early establishment of herbaceous species, and the abilities of Entac and biochar in combination to mitigate drought stress, these treatments may be particularly well suited for ecological restoration efforts using planted tree stock on coarse‐textured substrates and where exposure and ingress of non‐native herbaceous species are of concern.
Early Mesozoic Southward Subduction of the Eastern Mongol–Okhotsk Oceanic Plate: Evidence from Zircon U–Pb–Hf Isotopes and Whole‐rock Geochemistry of Triassic Granitic Rocks in the Mohe Area, NE China
Authors: Li Liang , Sun Fengyue , Li Bile , Xu Qinglin , Zhang Yajing , Qian Ye 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present new U–Pb zircon ages, Hf isotope data and major and trace elements for Early Mesozoic granitic rocks in Mohe area in the Erguna Massif of northeast China to elucidate the southward subduction of the eastern Mongol–Okhotsk Oceanic plate in Early Mesozoic. Zircons from two representative intrusions, syenogranites and monzogranites, in the Mohe area are euhedral–subhedral in shape, display oscillatory growth zoning in cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and have Th/U ratios of 0.10–0.72, and in combination these features indicating that the zircons are of igneous origin. U–Pb zircon dating results demonstrate that the syenogranites formed at 245.1 ± 1.4 Ma and monzogranites formed at 212.2 ± 1.7 Ma. These granitic rocks are characterized by high SiO2, Al2O3 and (Na2O + K2O), low TFeO, MgO, TiO2 and P2O5 concentrations, belonging to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series. They are enriched in LREE and large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, K, and Sr), depleted in HREE and high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, Th, and Ti), as well as very weak negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.48 ~ 1.01). Their zircon εHf(t) values range from −7.9 to −2.0 and range from 0.20 to 0.49, in response to their two‐stage Hf model ages (TDM2) range from 1.40 Ga to 1.77 Ga range from 0.94 Ga to 1.24 Ga, respectively, indicating that primary magmas of syenogranites were derived from partial melting of newly accreted juvenile crustal material that formed from the enriched mantle during the Mesoproterozoic, monzogranites are generated by partial melting of newly accreted juvenile crustal material that formed from the depleted mantle during the Meso‐ to Neoproterozoic. We conclude, therefore, that the early Mesozoic granitic rocks of the Mohe area are associated with the continuous southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate rather than the Paleo‐Asian and circum‐Pacific tectonic regimes.