bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High temperature‐insensitive ferro‐/piezoelectric properties and nanodomain structures of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–PbZrO3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 relaxor single crystals
Authors: He Wenhui , Li Qiang , Xi Xiaoqing , Yan Qingfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor rhombohedral (R) Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–PbZrO3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PIN–PZ–PMN–PT) relaxor single crystal, high temperature‐insensitive behaviors under different external stimuli were observed (remnant polarization Pr from 30°C to 180°C and piezoelectric strain d33* from 30°C to 116°C). When electric field E ≥ 50 kV/cm in the case of an activation field Ea = 40‐50 kV/cm was applied, it was found that the domain switching was accompanied by a phase transition. The high relaxor nature of the R phase PIN–PZ–PMN–PT was speculated to account for the large Ea and high piezoelectric response. The short‐range correlation lengths extracted from the out‐of‐plane (OP) and in‐plane (IP) nanodomain images, were 64 nm and 89 nm, respectively, which proved the high relaxor nature due to In3+ and Zr4+ ions entering the B‐site in the ABO3‐lattice and enhancing the disorder of B‐site cations in the R phase PIN–PZ–PMN–PT. The switching process of R nanodomain variants under the step‐increased tip DC voltage was visually revealed. Moreover, the time‐dependent domain evolution confirmed the high relaxor nature of the R phase PIN–PZ–PMN–PT single crystal.
Historical biogeography of the palaeoendemic toad genus Oreophrynella (Amphibia: Bufonidae) sheds a new light on the origin of the Pantepui endemic terrestrial biota
Authors: Kok Philippe J. R. , Ratz Sebastian , MacCulloch Ross D. , Lathrop Amy , Dezfoulian Raheleh , Aubret Fabien , Means D. Bruce 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimUsing the Pantepui palaeoendemic toad genus Oreophrynella, we explored (1) the origin of Pantepui endemism and the hypothesis of Pantepui being a source of diversity for the surrounding areas, including the geologically younger Andes; (2) whether early diversification of Oreophrynella conforms with that of Stefania (Hemiphractidae), another Pantepui endemic amphibian, which was recently shown to have vicariantly diverged from Pantepui highlands widespread Oligocene ancestors.LocationThe fractured island‐like topography of the Pantepui biogeographical region in north‐eastern South America.MethodsWe inferred the molecular phylogeny of Oreophrynella and other “basal” Bufonidae genera using three mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA sequences under Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. We estimated divergence times using a relaxed‐clock model and reconstructed ancestral areas through multiple models in a common likelihood framework.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses recovered a monophyletic Oreophrynella sister to Atelopus. Biogeographical analyses strongly suggested colonization of Pantepui via a pre‐Miocene (Eocene/Oligocene) long‐distance dispersal of a proto‐Andean ancestor, followed by pre‐Quaternary (lower Miocene) vicariant divergences of main lineages, and endemism of these main lineages to distinct biogeographical subunits.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that at least part of the Pantepui diversity stemmed from dispersals from the proto‐Andes. Three hypotheses emerge for the origin and evolution of Pantepui endemism, the Distance Dispersal theory, the Plateau theory and the Disturbance–Vicariance theory. Our results indicate that the early diversification of Oreophrynella conforms to that of Stefania, but hint at different factors responsible for the survival or extinction of different tepui summit amphibians.
Estimating Uncertainty in Household Energy Footprints
Authors: Min Jihoon , Rao Narasimha D. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWe develop a methodology to characterize and quantify uncertainty in relating consumption to production in household energy footprints. This uncertainty arises primarily from inconsistencies between national accounts and household surveys and, to a smaller extent, from using aggregated sectors. Researchers may introduce significant inaccuracies by ignoring these inconsistencies when reporting household footprints. We apply the methodology to India and Brazil, where we find the size of this uncertainty to be higher than 20% of footprints at most income levels. We expect that previous estimates for these countries may have been overestimated due to these inconsistencies. Other knowledge gaps, such as inaccuracies in multiregional input‐output tables and household surveys, add further uncertainty beyond our estimates.
Diversity of oxytocin neurones: Beyond magno‐ and parvocellular cell types?
Authors: Althammer F. , Grinevich V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which is evolutionarily conserved among different species throughout the animal kingdom, is a key modulator of a variety of socio‐emotional behaviours such as fear, trust and empathy. OT cells in the mammalian hypothalamus have been traditionally divided into two distinct types: agnocellular (magnOT) and parvocellular (parvOT) or preautonomic neurones. This distinction is based on OT cell sizes and shapes, projections, electrophysiological activity and functions. Indeed, although neuroendocrine magnOT neurones are known to primarily project their axons to the posterior pituitary and to a number of forebrain regions, non‐neuroendocrine parvOT neurones have been seen as the main source of OT innervation of the brainstem and spinal cord to control autonomic functions and pain perception. However, very recent findings have demonstrated distinct genetic profiles in OT neurones, allowing the discrimination of at least four types of cells expressing OT. Furthermore, unexpected axonal projections of parvOT neurones to the forebrain and magnOT neurones to the midbrain have been newly reported. In this review, we focus on the detailed analysis of methods of distinction between OT cell types, in‐ and output sites, and morphology, as well as on the direct connectivity between OT neurones and its physiological significance. Finally, we propose a hypothesis suggesting that the central OT system is composed of more than just two OT cell types, which needs to be confirmed by the application of available genetic and anatomical techniques.
Does the Risk Outweigh the Benefits? Adolescent Responses to Completing Health Surveys
Authors: Shaw Thérèse , Runions Kevin C. , Johnston Robyn S. , Cross Donna 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to describe the self‐reported experiences of adolescents in population‐based samples when completing health‐related surveys on topics with varying potential for evoking distress. Survey data were collected in three school‐based studies of bullying behaviors (N = 1,771, 12–14 years), alcohol use (N = 823, 12, 15, and 17 years), and electronic image sharing (N = 274, 13 years). Between 5% and 15% of respondents reported being upset at survey completion, but at most 1.4% were entirely negative in their evaluation. Age was not associated with being upset, but younger adolescents were more likely to see benefit in participation. Although concurrent mental health symptoms increased the risk of being upset, this was mostly mitigated by perceived benefits from participation.
Association Between Experiencing Relational Bullying and Adolescent Health‐Related Quality of Life
Authors: Chester Kayleigh L. , Spencer Neil H. , Whiting Lisa , Brooks Fiona M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBullying is a public health concern for the school‐aged population, however, the health outcomes associated with the subtype of relational bullying are less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between relational bullying and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) among young people.METHODSThis study utilized data from 5335 students aged 11‐15 years, collected as part of the 2014 Health Behavior in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in England. Data were collected through self‐completed surveys. Multilevel analysis modeled the relationship between relational bullying and HRQL. Demographic variables (sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) and other forms of bullying were controlled for.RESULTSExperiencing relational bullying had a significant negative association with HRQL whilst controlling for other forms of bullying. Weekly relational bullying resulted in an estimated 5.352 (95% confidence interval (CI), −4.178, −6.526) decrease in KIDSCREEN‐10 score compared with those not experiencing relational bullying.CONCLUSIONExperiencing relational bullying is associated with poorer HRQL. The findings question the perception of relational bullying as being a predominantly female problem. Girls were more likely to report experiencing relational bullying, but the negative association with HRQL was equal for boys and girls.
Attenuation of oxidative stress and artificial wound closure in C2C12 myoblasts induced by sequential extracts of Boerhavia diffusa
Authors: Yahaya Ewura Seidu , Cordier Werner , Steenkamp Paul Anton , Steenkamp Vanessa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Whole plants of Boerhavia diffusa L. are widely used medicine in Ghana and other tropical countries, for the treatment of wounds and other ailments. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of sequential extracts of B. diffusa to influence oxidation and wound closure in myoblast cells in vitro.

Methods
Sequential extracts were prepared from the whole plant using four solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water). Cytotoxicity was determined using the sulforhodamine B staining assay, phase-contrast microscopy, plasDIC microscopy and live–dead staining. Extracts were tested for their ability to reduce 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidation and mediate cell migration after artificial wound generation in C2C12 myoblast cells using the scratch wound assay.

Key findings
All extracts indicated negligible cytotoxicity (IC50 &gt; 100 μg/ml), and microscopic evaluation showed no difference from negative controls. AAPH induced a 2.87-fold increase in reactive oxygen species compared to the negative control. Pretreatment with 100 μg/ml of the extracts reduced AAPH-induced oxidation to 1.70-fold of the untreated controls (P &lt; 0.001). Wound closures in the methanol and water extract treatments were 18.08% and 20.76% higher than the negative control, respectively (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the hexane, methanol and water extracts of B. diffusa whole plant promote artificial wound healing and protection against oxidation in vitro and therefore warrant further research into its mechanisms of wound healing.
A novel R3 MYB transcriptional repressor associated with the loss of floral pigmentation in Iochroma
Authors: Gates Daniel J. , Olson Bradley J. S. C. , Clemente Tom E. , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Losses of floral pigmentation represent one of the most common evolutionary transitions in flower color, yet the genetic basis for these changes has been elucidated in only a handful of cases.

Here we used crossing studies, bulk‐segregant RNA sequencing, phylogenetic analyses and functional tests to identify the gene(s) responsible for the transition to white flowers in Iochroma loxense.

Crosses between I. loxense and its blue‐flowered sister species, I. cyaneum, suggested that a single locus controls the flower color difference and that the white allele causes a nearly complete loss of pigmentation. Examining sequence variation across phenotypic pools from the crosses, we found that alleles at a novel R3 MYB transcription factor were tightly associated with flower color variation. This gene, which we term MYBL1, falls into a class of MYB transcriptional repressors and, accordingly, higher expression of this gene is associated with downregulation of multiple anthocyanin pigment pathway genes. We confirmed the repressive function of MYBL1 through stable transformation of Nicotiana.

The mechanism underlying the evolution of white flowers in I. loxense differs from that uncovered in previous studies, pointing to multiple mechanisms for achieving fixed transitions in flower color intensity.
Tolerance of olive (Olea europaea) cv Frantoio to Verticillium dahliae relies on both basal and pathogen‐induced differential transcriptomic responses
Authors: Leyva‐Pérez María de la O , Jiménez‐Ruiz Jaime , Gómez‐Lama Cabanás Carmen , Valverde‐Corredor Antonio , Barroso Juan B. , Luque Francisco , Mercado‐Blanco Jesús 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is one of the most serious biotic constraints for this tree crop. Our knowledge of the genetics of the tolerance/resistance to this disease is very limited. Here we show that tolerance of the cv Frantoio relies on both basal and early pathogen‐induced differential transcriptomic responses.

A comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA‐seq) was conducted in root tissues of cvs Frantoio (VWO‐tolerant) and Picual (VWO‐susceptible). RNA samples originated from roots of inoculated olive plants during the early infection stages by Verticillium dahliae (highly virulent, defoliating pathotype).

A huge number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’ (27 312 unigenes) in the absence of the pathogen. Upon infection with V. dahliae, ‘Picual’ and ‘Frantoio’ plants responded differently too. In the early infection stages, four clusters of DEGs could be identified according to their time‐course expression patterns. Among others, a pathogenesis‐related protein of the Bet v I family and a dirigent‐like protein involved in lignification, and several BAK1, NHL1, reactive oxygen species stress response and BAM unigenes showed noticeable differences between cultivars.

Tolerance of ‘Frantoio’ plants to VWO is a consequence of a complex and multifaceted process which involves many plant traits.
Multiple marker abundance profiling: combining selected reaction monitoring and data‐dependent acquisition for rapid estimation of organelle abundance in subcellular samples
Authors: Hooper Cornelia M. , Stevens Tim J. , Saukkonen Anna , Castleden Ian R. , Singh Pragya , Mann Gregory W. , Fabre Bertrand , Ito Jun , Deery Michael J , Lilley Kathryn S. , Petzold Christopher J. , Millar A. Harvey , Heazlewood Joshua L. , Parsons Harriet T. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryMeasuring changes in protein or organelle abundance in the cell is an essential, but challenging aspect of cell biology. Frequently‐used methods for determining organelle abundance typically rely on detection of a very few marker proteins, so are unsatisfactory. In silico estimates of protein abundances from publicly available protein spectra can provide useful standard abundance values but contain only data from tissue proteomes, and are not coupled to organelle localization data. A new protein abundance score, the normalized protein abundance scale (NPAS), expands on the number of scored proteins and the scoring accuracy of lower‐abundance proteins in Arabidopsis. NPAS was combined with subcellular protein localization data, facilitating quantitative estimations of organelle abundance during routine experimental procedures. A suite of targeted proteomics markers for subcellular compartment markers was developed, enabling independent verification of in silico estimates for relative organelle abundance. Estimation of relative organelle abundance was found to be reproducible and consistent over a range of tissues and growth conditions. In silico abundance estimations and localization data have been combined into an online tool, multiple marker abundance profiling, available in the SUBA4 toolbox (http://suba.live).
Trends in antigen‐negative red blood cell distributions by racial or ethnic groups in the United States
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Anani Waseem Q. , Denomme Gregory A. , Karafin Matthew S. , Sayers Merlyn , Shaz Beth H. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDThe overall number of red blood cell (RBC) units distributed to hospitals throughout the world and in the United States has decreased lately. This study was performed to determine if the number of antigen‐negative RBC units distributed to hospitals has followed this trend.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStratified by ethnicity, data on total RBC distributions and antigen‐negative RBC distributions from six large blood collectors in the United States were obtained from 2009 through 2016. An antigen‐negative unit was defined as a unit with a specific RBC phenotype that had been specially ordered as such by a hospital.RESULTSOverall, 10,103,703 RBC units were distributed by these six blood collectors; 650,516 (6.4%) were distributed as antigen‐negative units. While the overall number of RBCs distributed decreased by 27.2% between 2009 and 2016, the number of antigen‐negative RBC distributions increased by 39.5%. In each year, the majority of the distributed antigen‐negative RBCs were donated by whites. However, antigen‐negative RBC units from black or African American donors were distributed in a disproportionately high fraction compared to the overall number of RBCs distributed from these donors. Most of the one through four antigen‐negative RBCs were donated by whites. However, as antigen matching became more extensive, the proportion of units distributed from black or African American donors increased such that they were the predominant donors of five or more antigen‐negative units.CONCLUSIONBlood collectors will need to be aware of the trend of increasing antigen‐negative distributions despite decreased overall distributions.
Application of computed tomography and stereolithography to correct a complex angular and torsional limb deformity in a donkey
Authors: Radtke Alexandra , Morello Samantha , Muir Peter , Arnoldy Courtney , Bleedorn Jason 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report the evaluation, surgical planning, and outcome for correction of a complex limb deformity in the tibia of a donkey using computed tomographic (CT) imaging and a 3D bone model.Study designCase report.AnimalsA 1.5‐year‐old, 110 kg donkey colt with an angular and torsional deformity of the right pelvic limb.MethodsFindings on physical examimation included a severe, complex deformity of the right pelvic limb that substantially impeded ambulation. Both hind limbs were imaged via CT, and imaging software was used to characterize the bone deformity. A custom stereolithographic bone model was printed for preoperative planning and rehersal of the surgery. A closing wedge ostectomy with de‐rotation of the tibia was stabilized with 2 precontoured 3.5‐mm locking compression plates. Clinical follow‐up was available for 3.5 years postoperatively.ResultsCT allowed characterization of the angular and torsional bone deformity of the right tibia. A custom bone model facilitated surgical planning and rehearsal of the procedure. Tibial corrective ostectomy was performed without complication. Postoperative management included physical rehabilitation to help restore muscular function and pelvic limb mechanics. Short‐term and long‐term follow‐up confirmed bone healing and excellent clinical function.ConclusionCT imaging and stereolithography facilitated the evaluation and surgical planning of a complex limb deformity. This combination of techniques may improve the accuracy of the surgeons' evaluation of complex bone deformities in large animals, shorten operating times, and improve outcomes.
Physiological tremor increases when skeletal muscle is shortened: implications for fusimotor control
Authors: Jalaleddini Kian , Nagamori Akira , Laine Christopher M. , Golkar Mahsa A. , Kearney Robert E. , Valero‐Cuevas Francisco J. 
Published: October 2017

Key points
In tonic, isometric, plantarflexion contractions, physiological tremor increases as the ankle joint becomes plantarflexed.
Modulation of physiological tremor as a function of muscle stretch differs from that of the stretch reflex amplitude.
Amplitude of physiological tremor may be altered as a function of reflex pathway gains.
Healthy humans likely increase their γ‐static fusimotor drive when muscles shorten.
Quantification of physiological tremor by manipulation of joint angle may be a useful experimental probe of afferent gains and/or the integrity of automatic fusimotor control.
AbstractThe involuntary force fluctuations associated with physiological (as distinct from pathological) tremor are an unavoidable component of human motor control. While the origins of physiological tremor are known to depend on muscle afferentation, it is possible that the mechanical properties of muscle–tendon systems also affect its generation, amplification and maintenance. In this paper, we investigated the dependence of physiological tremor on muscle length in healthy individuals. We measured physiological tremor during tonic, isometric plantarflexion torque at 30% of maximum at three ankle angles. The amplitude of physiological tremor increased as calf muscles shortened in contrast to the stretch reflex whose amplitude decreases as muscle shortens. We used a published closed‐loop simulation model of afferented muscle to explore the mechanisms responsible for this behaviour. We demonstrate that changing muscle lengths does not suffice to explain our experimental findings. Rather, the model consistently required the modulation of γ‐static fusimotor drive to produce increases in physiological tremor with muscle shortening – while successfully replicating the concomitant reduction in stretch reflex amplitude. This need to control γ‐static fusimotor drive explicitly as a function of muscle length has important implications. First, it permits the amplitudes of physiological tremor and stretch reflex to be decoupled. Second, it postulates neuromechanical interactions that require length‐dependent γ drive modulation to be independent from α drive to the parent muscle. Lastly, it suggests that physiological tremor can be used as a simple, non‐invasive measure of the afferent mechanisms underlying healthy motor function, and their disruption in neurological conditions.