bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of Effective Number of Breeders Identify Drivers of Decline in Mid‐Atlantic Brook Trout Populations
Authors: Robinson Zachary L. , Coombs Jason A. , Hudy Mark , Nislow Keith H. , Whiteley Andrew R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBrook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations have experienced marked declines throughout their native range and are presently threatened due to isolation in small habitat fragments, land use changes, and climate change. The existence of numerous, spatially distinct populations poses substantial challenges for monitoring population status (e.g., abundance, recruitment, or occupancy). Genetic monitoring with estimates of effective number of breeders (Nb) provides a potentially powerful metric to complement existing population monitoring, assessment, and prioritization. We estimated Nb for 71 Brook Trout habitat units in mid‐Atlantic region of the United States and obtained a mean Nb of 73.2 (range 6.90–493). Our modeling approach tested whether Nb estimates were sensitive to differences in habitat size, presence of non‐native salmonids, base flow index, temperature, acidic precipitation, and indices of anthropogenic disturbance. We found significant support for three of our hypotheses including the positive influences of available habitat and base flow index and negative effect of temperature. Our results are consistent with presently observed and predicted future impacts of climate change on populations of this cold‐water fish. Importantly, these findings support the use of Nb in population assessments as an index of relative population status.
The Erosion of Seasonality in Avian Communities
Authors: Curley Shannon R. , Ramírez‐Garofalo José R. , Acosta Alamo Marlen , Manne Lisa L. , Lockwood Julie L. , Veit Richard R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimSeasonality governs species composition at a given place and time. However, the effects of climate and land‐use change can vary by season, altering species composition. These changes can lead to a loss of distinct seasonal community composition, representing a novel form of biotic homogenisation. We ask if breeding and winter bird communities are becoming more similar over time. If so, is homogenisation occurring more rapidly in winter than in the breeding season, and has the presence of individual species changed between seasons?LocationNortheastern United States.Time Period1989–2019.Major Taxa StudiedTwo hundred thirty‐eight bird species.MethodsWe use data from The National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count and the North American Breeding Bird Survey to test if winter and breeding bird communities have become more similar (homogenised). We evaluate this change using the Sørensen dissimilarity index, and its components of turnover (species replacement) and nestedness (a subset of a more species rich community) and describe the mechanism in which the seasonal winter and breeding bird communities are changing.ResultsWe found that winter and breeding bird communities are homogenising, driven by significant decrease in turnover and a marginal decrease nestedness. When viewing breeding and wintering communities separately, we observe different trends. Breeding communities are becoming more unique with decreasing turnover and nestedness. Winter communities are becoming more similar to each other, with decreasing turnover and nestedness. More breeding species are declining and species that are typically found in the winter and year‐round residents are the main contributors to the homogenisation between seasons.Main ConclusionsWe show for the first time homogenisation between winter and breeding bird communities over time across the northeastern United States. This insight into how individual species are faring between seasons, and how they impact community structure, can be used when implementing conservation measures for maintaining ecological functioning and integrity.
No association between migraine and HLA alleles in a cohort of 13,210 individuals with migraine from the Danish Blood Donor Study
Authors: Tummoszeit Inga Zalia , Olofsson Isa Amalie , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Henriksen Alexander Pil , Aagaard Bitten , Brunak Søren , Bruun Mie Topholm , Didriksen Maria , Erikstrup Christian , Hjalgrim Henrik , Mikkelsen Christina , Mikkelsen Susan , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger Vesterager , Quinn Liam , Sørensen Erik , Ullum Henrik , Olesen Jes , Banasik Karina , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Kogelman Lisette J. A. ,   the DBDS Genomic consortium group
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and migraine, migraine subtypes, and sex‐specific factors.BackgroundIt has long been hypothesized that inflammation contributes to migraine pathophysiology. This study examined the association between migraine and alleles in the HLA system, a key player in immune response and genetic diversity.MethodsWe performed a case–control study and included 13,210 individuals with migraine and 86,738 controls. All participants were part of the Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Cohort. Participants were genotyped and 111 HLA alleles on 15 HLA genes were imputed. We examined the association between HLA alleles and migraine subtypes, considering sex‐specific differences.ResultsWe found no association between HLA alleles and migraine, neither overall, nor in the sex‐specific analysis. In the migraine subtype analysis, three HLA alleles were associated with migraine without aura; however, these associations could not be replicated in an independent Icelandic cohort (2191 individuals with migraine without aura and 278,858 controls). Furthermore, we found no association between HLA alleles and migraine with aura or chronic migraine.ConclusionWe found no evidence of an association between the HLA system and migraine, suggesting that genetic factors related to the HLA system do not play a significant role in migraine susceptibility.
Endogenous choice of environmental corporate social responsibility in a mixed duopoly
Authors: Xu Lili , Zhao Qinghong , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper constructs green managerial delegation contracts in a mixed duopoly wherein either or both public and private firms may adopt environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR). We demonstrate that the public (private) firm owner positively (negatively) adopts ECSR incentives under Cournot, whereas the incentives are reversed under Bertrand. We also examine an endogenous ECSR choice game and discover that unilateral ECSR adopted by a public firm appears under Cournot, whereas bilateral ECSR where both firms adopt ECSR incentives appears under Bertrand. Our findings show that coordination of competition mode may be harmful to society if both marginal damage and product substitutability are sufficiently high.
Synergies of bioactivities, mechanisms, dietary factors and functional food applications of medicinal insulin plant (Costus pictus D.): a review
Authors: Chandrakar Naveen , Kaur Jaspreet , Banerjee Mamoni 
Published: October 2024

SummaryModernisation has significantly altered lifestyles, particularly eating habits, contributing to the increase of chronic diseases, with diabetes mellitus being a predominant metabolic disorder. Medicinal herbs such as Costus pictus (C. pictus), commonly known as the Insulin plant, offer a promising approach to managing these conditions. It is a perennial plant from the Costaceae family rich in proteins, fibres, minerals (K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), and bioactive compounds. This review highlighted the plant's potential in mitigating chronic diseases and metabolic disorders due to its diverse bioactivities, including hepatoprotective, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. These benefits are primarily attributed to its phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The antidiabetic mechanism involves suppressing metabolic enzymes essential for carbohydrate metabolism, while its antioxidant activity helps reduce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels implicated in various diseases. Furthermore, C. pictus can be incorporated into functional foods such as bakery and confectionery products, functional drinks, and edible coatings. We discussed the dietary factors, bioactivities, and underlying mechanisms associated with Costus pictus D., emphasising its applicability in functional food formulations. The synthesis of current research highlights the plant's role in modulating glucose metabolism, enhancing antioxidant defences, and its potential in mitigating diseases such as diabetes. By delving into the synergies between its dietary factors and bioactivities, this review aims to elucidate the multifaceted benefits of Costus pictus D., thereby fostering its integration into sustainable agricultural practises and contributing to public health nutrition.
How doctors can lead the way in their communities: Co‐creation, the Indian community and organ donation registration
Authors: Moloney Gail , Ghelani Dhaval , Lakshmanan Ramanathan , Upcroft Leah , Hutchinson Marie , Norton Maddison , Sutherland Michael , Walker Iain , Rienks Suzanne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsTransplant success rates can increase when organs and tissues are matched within ethnic communities, but how well are the processes around organ donation understood by discrete ethnic communities in Australia? We investigated this in relation to one ethnic group, the Australian‐Indian community in Sydney.MethodsA culturally appropriate survey and dissemination strategy was co‐created with Indian community members through an Advisory Panel. Items were informed by a thematic analysis of cultural beliefs shared through the advisory panel discussions and measured awareness and practices associated with organ donation and transplantation and beliefs about organ donation and registration. Donation information was provided at the end.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐eight participants completed the survey. Hinduism along with Tamil and Gujarati were the most frequently identified religious and cultural backgrounds. The processes around organ donation were not well known, and Australian Organ Donor Register registration rates were below the national average. Principal component analysis revealed positive, social, medical trust, concerns, and cardiac and brain death belief factors. Doctors played a key role in generating trust in the donation system, decisions about organ donation were embedded in family and community, and family discussion was related to increased registration. Registered participants reported higher scores on medical trust beliefs, which also predicted family discussion.ConclusionThe information needed to understand the process of organ donation and registration in Australia is not embedded in this community, highlighting the need for programmes to be tailored to each culturally diverse community rather than culturally diverse communites in general. Doctors and the advisory panels are pivotal in this process.
Antibodies in neurological diseases: Established, emerging, explorative
Authors: Li Lucie Y. , Keles Amelya , Homeyer Marie A. , Prüss Harald 
Published: October 2024

SummaryWithin a few years, autoantibodies targeting the nervous system resulted in a novel disease classification. For several of them, which we termed ‘established’, direct pathogenicity has been proven and now guides diagnostic pathways and early immunotherapy. For a rapidly growing number of further anti‐neuronal autoantibodies, the role in disease is less clear. Increasing evidence suggests that they could contribute to disease, by playing a modulating role on brain function. We therefore suggest a three‐level classification of neurological autoantibodies according to the degree of experimentally proven pathogenicity and strength of clinical association: established, emerging, explorative. This may facilitate focusing on clinical constellations in which autoantibody‐mediated mechanisms have not been assumed previously, including autoimmune psychosis and dementia, cognitive impairment in cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Based on recent data reviewed here, humoral autoimmunity may represent an additional “super‐system” for brain health. The “brain antibody‐ome”, that is, the composition of thousands of anti‐neuronal autoantibodies, may shape neuronal function not only in disease, but even in healthy aging. Towards this novel concept, extensive research will have to elucidate pathogenicity from the atomic to the clinical level, autoantibody by autoantibody. Such profiling can uncover novel biomarkers, enhance our understanding of underlying mechanisms, and identify selective therapies.
Molecular mechanisms of emerging inflammasome complexes and their activation and signaling in inflammation and pyroptosis
Authors: Pandey Abhimanu , Li Zheyi , Gautam Manjul , Ghosh Aritra , Man Si Ming 
Published: October 2024

SummaryInflammasomes are multi‐protein complexes that assemble within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells in response to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), driving the secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18, and pyroptosis. The best‐characterized inflammasome complexes are the NLRP3, NAIP‐NLRC4, NLRP1, AIM2, and Pyrin canonical caspase‐1‐containing inflammasomes, and the caspase‐11 non‐canonical inflammasome. Newer inflammasome sensor proteins have been identified, including NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP9, NLRP10, NLRP11, NLRP12, CARD8, and MxA. These inflammasome sensors can sense PAMPs from bacteria, viruses and protozoa, or DAMPs in the form of mitochondrial damage, ROS, stress and heme. The mechanisms of action, physiological relevance, consequences in human diseases, and avenues for therapeutic intervention for these novel inflammasomes are beginning to be realized. Here, we discuss these emerging inflammasome complexes and their putative activation mechanisms, molecular and signaling pathways, and physiological roles in health and disease.
Infection and associated risk factors in the immediate postoperative period of pediatric liver transplantation: A study of 176 transplants
Authors: Garcí Santos , Roque Jorge , Ruz Francisco , González María , Madero Rosario , Alvarado Francisco , Herruzo R 
Published: October 2024

Objective. To describe the characteristics of infections occurring in the immediate postoperative period of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the associated risk factors. Design. Retrospective cohort study.Setting. Multidisciplinary 16‐bed pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary university hospital. Patients. One hundred and thirty‐three pediatric patients (range 6 M to 22 yr) who underwent 176 liver transplantations and were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for at least 48 h.Results. A total of 180 infectious episodes (IE) occurred in 78 (59%) patients who underwent 96 (54.5%) liver transplantations (1.35 IE/patient; 1.02 IE/transplantation). The mean stay was 15.4±1.1 d (mean ±SD) and 22 patients died in the pediatric intensive care unit. One hundred and thiryt‐one IE (72.8%) were bacterial, 31 (17.2%) fungal, and 14 (7.8%) mixed bacterial and fungal. 39% of the IE appeared in the first postoperative week and 27% in the second postoperative week. The most common sites of infection were abdomen (48.3%) and blood stream (26.1%). Bacteria, alone or with fungi, were present in 145 IE (1.1 IE/patient). Gram‐positive aerobic bacteria (63%) predominated over gram‐negative bacteria (54%) and fungi. Fungi were present in 45 IE; 53.4% of the infections occurred in lung (73% yeasts). The risk factors for infection that were identified were related with younger age, lower body weight, longer cold ischemia time, partial graft, and the volume of packed red blood cell transfusions. Infected patients had more postoperative complications and longer stay in the PICU (21±16 vs. 8±6 d), but no increase in mortality. The risk of infection increased 2.38 times with partial grafts and 1.1 times with each intraoperative transfusion of 20 ml/kg of packed red blood cells (RBC). Conclusions. Infection in the immediate postoperative period of pediatric OLT was related with a high morbidity but was not related significantly with increased mortality. The main risk factors for infection in the postoperative period of OLT were related essentially with small recipient size and the inherent complexity of the operation. Routine oropharyngeal decontamination is recommended, as well as early administration of oral nystatin in preoperative intestinal decontamination. The risk of infection increased 2.38 times with partial grafts and 1.1 times with the transfusion of every 20 ml of packed RBC.
Neuroprotective Effect of Dapsone against Quinolinate‐ and Kainate‐Induced Striatal Neurotoxicities in Rats
Authors: Santamaría Abel , Ordaz‐Moreno Juan , Rubio‐Osornio Moisés , Solís‐Hernández Fausto , Ríos Camilo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWc tested the ability of dapsone, a well‐known antibiotic and antiinflammatory drug, to attenuate both the quinolinic acid (an NMDA agonist of glutamate receptors)‐ and kainic acid (a non‐NMDA agonist of glutamate receptors)‐induced in vivo neurotoxicities in rats. Circling behaviour and striatal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) depiction were considered as behavioural and neurochemical end‐points of brain toxicity. Rotation behaviour, evaluated six days after the intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (130±19 ipsilateral turns/hr). was attenuated by doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg of dapsone (50±9 and 63±9 turns/hr, respectively). Striatal GABA levels (237.3±15.1 μg/g in control rats), found depicted at day 7 after quinolinic acid (98.3±8.6 μg/g), were also protected by dapsone at doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (167.7± 19.5 and 236.4±46.6 μg/g, respectively). No protective effects were observed on quinolinic acid‐induced neurotoxicity, as evaluated by both parameters, at lower doses of dapsone (6.25 and 9.375 mg/kg). The action of dapsone, at the dose of 12.5 mg/kg. was also measured on kainic acid‐induced depletion of the striatal GABA levels. Animals treated with dapsone+kainic acid (182.8±27.1 μg/g) showed significant attenuation of GABA depletion, as compared to rats treated with kainic acid alone (122.2±9.9 μg/g). These findings provide evidences to suggest that dapsone is acting as a neuroprotective agent against excitotoxicily induced by glutamate receptor agonists.
Body mass index as a determinant of scar formation post‐AF ablation: Insights from DECAAF II
Authors: Bidaoui Ghassan , Tsakiris Eli , Younes Hadi , Feng Han , Assaf Ala , Chouman Nour , Bsoul Mayana , Polo Francisco Tirado , Jia Yishi , Liu Yingshou , Lim Chanho , Chamoun Nadia , Mekhael Mario , Noujaim Charbel , Pandey Amitabh C. , Rao Swati , Kreidieh Omar , Marrouche Nassir F. , Donnellan Eoin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionObesity is implicated in adverse atrial remodeling and worse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) on ablation‐induced scar formation on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐CMR).MethodsWe conducted an analysis of DECAAF II participants who underwent LGE‐CMR scans to measure scar formation 3 months after catheter ablation. Ablation parameters and lesion delivery were not dependent on BMI. The effect of BMI on ablation success was explored.ResultsOur analyses included 811 patients. Comorbidities were more prevalent in obese patients. Baseline left atrial volume was higher in obese individuals, 118, 126, 135, 140, and 143 mm3 for normal weight, overweight, obese grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < .001). BMI was associated with scar formation (R = −0.135, p < .001), with patients with Class 3 obesity having the lowest percentage of ablation‐induced scar, 11.1%, 10.3%, 9.5%, 8.8%, 6.8% by ascending BMI group. There was an inverse correlation between BMI and the amount of fibrosis covered by ablation scar, 24%, 23%, 21%, and 18% by ascending BMI group (p = .001). For the fibrosis‐guided ablation group, BMI was associated with residual fibrosis (R = 0.056, p = .005).ConclusionObese patients have lower ablation scar formation, covered fibrosis, and more residual fibrosis postablation compared to nonobese patients, regardless of ablation parameters including impedance drop.
Tracking animal movements via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks: Multiscale habitat use, phenology, and management insights
Authors: Livernois Mariah C. , Ogburn Matthew B. , Legett Henry D. , Richie Kimberly D. , Aguilar Robert , Heggie Keira , Furey Nathan B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEstuaries support diverse fish and invertebrate communities, including resident species that rely on estuarine habitats year‐round and transient migratory species. The unique movement patterns of these animals connect habitats within and far beyond the estuary and are integrally linked to fisheries management objectives. With a focus on Chesapeake Bay, this study leveraged data from collaborative acoustic telemetry networks in the northwest Atlantic to assess habitat use and phenology of movements for seven species of fish (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife, striped bass, common carp, and blue catfish) and one invertebrate (horseshoe crabs). A total of 288 acoustically tagged individuals were detected >3.2 million times (6,743 to 2,095,717 detections per species) on receivers across ~20.5 degrees of latitude spanning the North American Atlantic seaboard from Florida, USA, to New Brunswick, Canada. Common metrics of movement and phenology grouped these species as resident (common carp, blue catfish, horseshoe crabs), primarily resident in estuaries (juvenile striped bass), and coastal migrant (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife); maximum distance traveled varied by three orders of magnitude among these species. Further analysis of phenology for coastal migrants elucidated the timing and duration of these species' use of Chesapeake Bay. Collectively, movements linked habitats within Chesapeake Bay and connected the estuary to coastal ecosystems both to the north (e.g., alewife) and south (e.g., cownose rays), creating networks of fisheries management jurisdictions that varied in complexity and identified opportunities for enhancement to current management or co‐management of some species. Our results elucidate the importance of estuaries to species with diverse movement behaviors, identify scales and pathways of habitat connectivity via animal movements, and highlight the utility of collaborative acoustic telemetry networks for quantifying movements relevant to both ecological research and fisheries management.