bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocapillary Curves for the Polarisable Liquid–Liquid Interface in Presence of the Peptide Melittin
Authors: Uyanik Ibrahim , Cengeloglu Yunus 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The adsorption of the anti-microbial peptide melittin at the polarisable water/1,2-DCE (W–DCE) interface is expected to
manifest itself by changes in the interfacial tension. These interfacial tension changes during the peptide adsorption at
the interface were measured by a custom-built quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) setup. Electrocapillary curves
obtained for melittin at physiological pH evidences the strong affinity of this peptide for the W–DCE interface. In other
words, it is evident that at negative potentials the peptide are readily adsorbed and that at more positive potentials
desorption of adsorbed peptide from the interface proceeds leading to an increase of interfacial tension.
Compensation for What? An Analysis of the Outcome in Arun Property Development (PTY) LTD v Cape Town City
Authors: Slade Bradley 
Published: April 2016

In Arun Property Development (Pty) Ltd v Cape Town City the Constitutional Court awarded compensation for land that vested in the City of Cape Town in terms of a regulatory framework. The regulatory framework, sections 25 and 28 of the Cape Land Use Planning Ordinance of 1985 (LUPO), provides that land needed for public streets and places and indicated as such on a subdivision plan should vest in the local authority concerned, but without compensation if that land is based on the normal need of providing the particular development with such public streets and places. The appellant argued that since land in excess of the normal need also vested in the City, it had a right to be compensated for the excess land that vested in the City.
The Court, overturning two Supreme Court of Appeal decisions, awarded compensation. The Court hinted that the compensation was for the expropriation of the appellant's land that was excess to the normal need. In the absence of a formal expropriation procedure, this case note investigates whether the compensation could have been awarded for statutory expropriation or constructive expropriation.
Therefore, the question that is posed is whether the alleged expropriation for which the Court awarded compensation can be classified as either statutory expropriation or constructive expropriation. It is pointed out that the Court accepted that section 28 of the LUPO constitutes a development contribution for the land based on the normal need. In terms of the notion of development contributions, a developer has to donate land to the local authority concerned if that land is required to provide the particular development with public streets and places. A development contribution, as part of the administrative process of approving developments, is regulatory in nature and its validity is judged in terms of the requirements for a valid deprivation of property.
It is argued that since the Court interpreted section 28 of the LUPO to provide for development contributions, the alleged expropriation cannot be classified as statutory expropriation. Statutory expropriation occurs when legislation expropriates property directly through mere promulgation. In this case, the excess land vested in the City only after an administrative action was taken to approve a subdivision plan. It is also argued that statutory expropriation cannot be recognised in South African law, due to the constitutional requirements for a valid expropriation in section 25(2) of the Constitution.
Entrevista com Renato Ortiz - “Porque o mundo é comum, o diverso torna-se importante”
Authors: Cenpec Cadernos 
Published: April 2016

<p>Renato Ortiz é professor titular do Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Paulista de Ribeirão Preto, graduou-se em Sociologia pela Universidade de Paris VIII e doutorou-se em Sociologia e Antropologia pela Escola de Altos Estudos em Ciências Sociais (França). Foi professor da Universidade de Louvain (Bélgica), da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). Atuou, ainda, como pesquisador na Universidade de Columbia (Estados Unidos) e na Escola de Antropologia do México, e é titular da cátedra Simón Bolívar do Instituto de Altos Estudos em América Latina (França). É autor de livros sobre cultura brasileira, identidade nacional, indústria cultural, modernidade e mundialização. Seu último livro, <em>Universalismo e diversidade:</em><em> contradições da modernidade-mundo </em>(editora Boitempo), lançado em 2015, traça reflexões sobre as novas formas de encarar a problemática da diversidade, tema ao qual o autor também se dedica há alguns anos. </p>
OTAN: la cumbre del nuevo siglo
Authors: Rodríguez Mojón Marisa 
Published: April 2016

Las dos últimas cumbres que ha celebrado la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte, en Washington (1999),- y en Praga (Noviembre de 2002), tenían como objetivo acordar aquellos cambios que permitieran a esta organización de defensa acomodarse a las transformaciones del entorno, tanto las resultantes de la globalización del sistema internacional, como las derivadas de1 brutal ataque terrorista contra los Estados U nidos que tuvo lugar el 11 de Septiembre de 2001.
Globalización entendida coma un fenómeno que desborda la simple transformación de las relaciones económicas mundiales, para implicar a la totalidad de las interacciones: políticas, sociales, culturales, económicas, y de seguridad, así como a la velocidad a la que éstas se realizan. Incluyendo 1a permeabilidad de fronteras, y la compresión de distancias. La transformación de riesgos y amenazas que se previó al terminar la guerra fría ha dejado de ser un presupuesto teórico después del 11 de Septiembre de 2001. Hasta tal punto, que se ha creado un nuevo escenario, dentro del cual considerar que la eficacia de la OTAN podría mantenerse sin alterar el concepto que la concibió como una "maquinaria de guerra" exclusivamente, se hubiera quedado muy corto.
REFINING THE ROLE OF THE CORPORATION: THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON SHAREHOLDER PRIMACY THEORY
Authors: GROSSMAN HUGH ALEXANDER 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>Evidence indicates that we may be witnessing a redefinition of traditional theories of the role of the corporation. Traditional shareholder primacy theory contends that a corporation is primarily responsible to its share- holders to maximise wealth, consequently social factors should not inter- fere in a corporation’s business operations. In the modern business setting however, a company’s core objective of profit maximisation must be un- derpinned by a proactive approach to corporate social responsibility in order to manage and mitigate a broader array of risk factors. Managing risk via community engagement and the implementation of socially re- sponsible strategies is increasingly linked to business success and stake- holder confidence. Intangibles such as trust, ethics, corporate culture, employee satisfaction, environmental behaviour and community responsi- bility are increasingly relevant to consumers, business partners, govern- ments, special interest groups, existing and potential employees and investors</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>
TICKING BOMBS AND TORTURE WARRANTS*
Authors: KLEINIG JOHN 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>The ‘ticking bomb’ argument is frequently advanced to justify the use of torture. But its terms can be taken either as setting the bar too high to jus- tify any actual torture or alternatively as opening the door to torture in other cases as well. The paper explores both uses of the argument but sug- gests that any official sanctioning of torture is likely to erode moral con- straints on its use. There are reasons why torture is special and, even if it will continue to occur, it should not be officially countenanced. This in- cludes the use of torture warrants, supposedly intended to limit the fre- quency and severity of torture.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
One Accused's Evidence of Another's Criminal Disposition
Authors: Ross David 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article examines the introduction of evidence by one accused of the criminal disposition of another in a joint trial. Often such evidence is used by an accused to say that he did not commit the offence, the other accused did. The evidence is also introduced to show duress.<br />The article examines the relevance of such evidence and its justification. Then it shows how the evidence is used in practice and what the appeal courts say about it. The next part examines the different modes of such evidence and their different effects. The last part examines the judge’s discretion to exclude such evidence in the setting of the need to conduct a fair trial and direct a jury properly.]</p>
A European Saving Test for Section 92 of the Australian Constitution
Authors: Puig Gonzalo Villalta 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article celebrates the recent decision of the High Court of Australia in Betfair Pty Ltd v Western Australia to revise the uniquely Australian concept of abridged proportionality that frames the Cole v Whitfield saving test for section 92 of the Australian Constitution. The critique that the article makes of abridged proportionality takes the form of a comparison<br />with the continental European concept of robust proportionality. The comparison reveals that, unlike robust proportionality, abridged proportionality poses a twofold risk: one, that the test might save laws or measures that have a discriminatory effect on interstate trade and commerce if they have a purpose that is not protectionist; and, two, that the<br />test might not save laws or measures that, in effect, legitimately regulate interstate trade and commerce if they have a purpose that is indeed protectionist. Thus, the article argues that abridged proportionality cannot preserve the Australian common market with the same level of strength that robust proportionality has. In conclusion, the article celebrates the fact that, since Betfair Pty Ltd v Western Australia, the High Court of Australia is now free to analyse not only the purpose but also the effect of any law or measure under challenge when it considers future cases on section 92.</p>
A Workflow Process Relating Fracture Density Inferred from Conventional Logs to Performance Data in the Complex Monterey Formation
Authors: Daniels Jeffrey K. , Ershaghi Iraj 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the 1970 to 1987 time period when wells were drilled into the offshore fractured reservoirs producing from the Monterey Formations, there were uncertainties about the usefulness of conventional logs such as the gamma ray, caliper, resistivity and porosity logs. Fractured cherts exhibit tight rock conditions that complicate interpretation of such logs. Availability of decades of production performance data has offered an opportunity to revisit these old logs to develop and test algorithms that can relate a set of subsurface petrophysical data reflected on such logs to actual observed performance data.
A workflow process has been developed that allows estimation of effective fracture density and spacing from the combined responses of conventional logs. These parameters were successfully correlated with actual performance data. The proposed fracture identification indices include, effective fracture density and fracture spacing. Fracture density is defined as the total number of fractures identified in the interval of interest normalized over the depth range while fracture spacing is defined as the average distance between fractures identified in the completion interval. The results of these two parameters were correlated with the production profiles of the wells analyzed in this study. The purpose for doing this was to provide an explaination for poor performing wells and identify re-drill opportunities in untapped intervals.
This workflow process was applied to the perforated intervals of eight wells producing from an offshore field in the federal waters off the California coast in the Santa Maria basin. It was observed that both the fracture density and fracture spacing results could be correlated with well production performance. The best performing wells generally had effective fracture densities greater than 0.22 fractures/ft. and spacings less than 4.30 ft. The proposed method offers opportunities for exploiting untapped intervals in the fields producing from the Monterey Formation.
Petrophysical Evaluation of Natural Gas Hydrates - North Slope, Alaska
Authors: Hupp Douglas , Burt Jason , Blades Amanda Joyce 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Natural gas hydrates (NGH) are an unconventional resource that are thought to contain more gas reserves than any other reservoir type. This crystal structure, formed through the combination of gas and water under suitable temperature and pressure conditions, has been evaluated in several research test boreholes around the world, including the North Slope, Alaska. In 2007 the Mt Elbert-1 borehole was drilled to evaluate NGH potential. An extensive well logging program was performed on this well allowing robust interpretation including comparison of evaluation techniques.
This paper discusses the petrophysical properties of NGH and their impact on selected well logging (formation evaluation) measurements. These responses are demonstrated on the Mt Elbert-1 test well data. Their detailed petrophysical interpretation delivers lithology evaluation through capture gamma ray spectroscopy; total, free and bound fluid porosity from formation density, neutron porosity and nuclear magnetic resonance in conjunction with resistivity anisotropy and acoustic properties. A comparison of various hydrate saturation evaluation techniques is provided, and the applications of borehole images are also discussed. This paper demonstrates how these formation evaluation techniques provide an effective method of evaluating NGH resources.
Evaluation and Prediction of Hydraulic Fractured Well Performance in Montney Formations Using a Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Wang Shuhua , Chen Shengnan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Montney tight formation, located in Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), is becoming an important component of hydrocarbon sources in Canada. Horizontal drilling and multistage stimulation techniques have been successfully applied to exploit Montney formations. Selecting appropriate completion and stimulation designs are crucial to maximize the well productivity and/or oil recovery in Montney. However, it is still challenging to predict after stimulation productivity of a target well based on different stimulation parameters. Data-driven approaches, such as neural network, can be applied to evaluate hidden correlations between stimulation designs and well productions.
In this study, a comprehensive data mining technique, which integrates the cluster analysis, kernel PCA and DE-based ANN technique, is successfully developed to evaluate and predict the hydraulic fractured well performance in Montney formation. Fracturing operational data and well after stimulation productions of 1521 horizontal wells in Montney tight formations are first collected and classified into different groups using three clustering algorithms. Data-driven neural network models optimized by differential evolution (DE) algorithm are then trained using the stimulation parameters and cumulative productions. More specifically, fracturing operational parameters collected include operational time per stage, well completion strategy, types of fracturing base fluid and energizer, average proppant placed per stage, average fluid pumped per stage, number of stages, and average factures spacing. First 6-months cumulative productions are utilized to characterize the after-stimulation performance of fractured horizontal wells.
Results show that optimal clustering should be chosen by making a tradeoff between the Silhouette coefficient and the size of the clustered data sets. The optimal 2D and 3D clustering are 6 and 4 clusters obtained by AP and k-means algorithm, respectively. The dimensionality of input variable space can be greatly reduced by using the kernel PCA. The optimal number of principal components for ANN modeling is 7. The prediction ability of single layer neural network can be significantly improved by integrating DE algorithm into the ANN model. The determination coefficients (R-square) of validation and testing sets are increased by 31.0% and 23.8% for the optimal neural network. The developed data-driven technique provides a potential method to predict well after-stimulation performance. It is not only useful for evaluating the effects of stimulation parameters on well performance, but can also provide a reliable approach to predict well response towards different stimulation strategies in Montney tight formations.
New Viscoelastic Surfactant with Improved Diversion Characteristics for Carbonate Matrix Acidizing Treatments
Authors: Hanafy Ahmed , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Rabie Ahmed , Ndong Rose , Zhou Jian , Qu Qi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) have been used to replace polymer-based fluids as effective, cleaner, and non-damaging viscofying carriers in frac-packing, acid fracturing, and matrix acidizing. However, several limitations challenge the use of VES-based fluids including: thermal instability, incompatibility with alcohol-based corrosion inhibitor, and intolerance to the presence of contaminating iron. This work introduces a new VES-based acid system for diversion in matrix acidizing that exhibits excellent thermal stability and diversion performance in both low-and high-temperature conditions.
Rheology measurements were conducted on spent VES-acid system as a function of temperature (77- 300°F) at a pH of 4-5. The effect of acidizing additives on the VES viscosity was investigated. The additives included a corrosion inhibitor, non-emulsifier, iron-chelating agent, and iron-reducing agent. Single and dual coreflood experiments were performed using limestone core samples with an initial permeability range of 4-200 md and a permeability contrast of 1.5-55. Post CT-scan imaging was conducted to investigate the wormhole topography. The diversion characteristic of the new VES in the dual coreflood experiments was evaluated by the structure and the extent of wormhole propagation in the low-permeability core.
Rheological data for 15 wt% HCl spent VES-solutions showed a maximum viscosity of 200-800 over a temperature range of 150-170°F, depending on the VES concentration in the sample. Without acidizing additives, a minimum of 50 cP was obtained at 195, 230, 250, and 275°F at 4, 5, 6, and 8 vol% of the VES in solution, respectively. None of the tested acidizing additives had a negative impact on the VES viscosity. At 8% VES loading, the acidizing package was optimized such that a minimum of 75 cP was obtained at 300°F.
Dual coreflood experiments were conducted at 150 and 250°F, and the results proved the ability of the proposed VES to divert efficiently in limestone formations. Single coreflood experiments also confirmed these results. Coreflood data indicated that a range of permeability contrast of 4-10 is the optimum for diversion ability in terms of the final permeability enhancement of the low-permeability cores. The results revealed 18.6, 45.6, 82%, and infinity when the permeability contrast was 28.3, 14.4, 6. 3, 1.63, respectively. A dual coreflood experiment was conducted for two cores with a permeability contrast of 1.6 at 150°F. The VES-acid system in the presence of all acidizing additives exhibited divergent performance that exceeded the performance of the VES in the absence of additivies. These results prove the stable performance of the VES and the enhancement in viscosity response after addition of both the iron-control agent and the non-emulsfier, which resulted in less acid leakoff and better wormhole structure.
Saving Heavy Oil Reserve Value in a Carbon Constrained Market
Authors: Nelson Donald G. , Sheehy Philip , O'Donnell John , Heisler Mark A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The value of many heavy oil projects in California will erode as the regulatory environment places increasing constraints on the total carbon footprint of products and fuels. Until now, California heavy crude oil posted prices differentiated between supplies based primarily on oil gravity. In the near future, differentiation in posted prices for California crude oil may become increasingly influenced by carbon intensity (CI). Normalized heavy oil reserve values for a range of typical steam enhanced oil recovery projects are determined for a baseline of 100% fuel-fired steam and then compared to various scenarios of blended solar-generated steam. Decision analysis principles are used to frame the analysis to determine the best scenario. An influence diagram is created to identify the important variables and relationships. Deterministic methods are used to identify key uncertainties. Probabilistic methods are then followed to structure a decision tree and determine expected value (EV) probability distributions. Finally, appraisal of the scenarios yields the best decision regarding solar steam strategy. The study considers CI product price influence along with typical uncertainties affecting reserve values. Carbon intensity (CI) is an uncertainty that is new to California heavy oil operators. In relation to its Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), California has adopted rules creating CI performance standards requiring 10% reduction by 2020 and subsequent years. Solar-generated steam has been identified as an "innovative crude production method" that has the largest-scale opportunity to reduce the CI of petroleum fuels produced and used in California. Other pathways for California to reach the LCFS include blending of low-carbon fuels (ethanol, biodiesel) with gasoline and diesel; expansion of alternative fuels such as electricity, natural gas, hydrogen; and buying other types of LCFS credits. The study includes uncertainties around future scattering of heavy oil product pricing as a result of the CI market constraints mandated by California's LCFS. Developers and operators of heavy oil resources in California can use the methods and findings in this study to improve decision quality regarding solar steam strategy thereby optimizing the value of developed and undeveloped heavy oil resources.