bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Feasibility of Dimethyl Ether-Fueled Mechanical Fuel Injection System-Equipped Multicylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Mehra Shanti , Kumar Vikram , Valera Hardikk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This experimental study evaluated the combustion and performance characteristics of a 100% dimethyl ether (DME)-fueled multicylinder compression ignition engine equipped with a customized mechanical fuel injection system. The engine operating envelope covered different engine loads and speeds. The effect of DME's physicochemical properties, such as density, compressibility, and latent heat of vaporization, on the engine combustion and performance characteristics was analyzed under varying engine loads and speeds. The DME-fueled engine exhibited an average of &gt;8% higher brake thermal efficiency than the baseline diesel-fueled engine. DME's lower brake-specific energy consumption indicated that the DME-fueled engine efficiently converted fuel's chemical energy into mechanical energy compared to the baseline diesel-fueled engine. The in-cylinder pressure of DME was higher than that of the mineral diesel engine at low loads and lower at higher engine loads. DME engine exhibited extensive and reliable operating range and consistent performance. The mixing-controlled phase dominated the DME combustion. DME's higher compressibility led to a few distinct effects with respect to baseline diesel: (1) lower fuel line pressure in high-pressure fuel lines, (2) higher residual pressure oscillations due to higher compression energy stored in the high-pressure fuel lines, and (3) retarded actual injection timing. The variations in the engine speed showed a similar effect on DME's combustion and performance characteristics as baseline diesel. The DME-fueled engine's lower in-cylinder pressure, lower rate of initial pressure rise, and lower exhaust gas temperature indicate a lower heat rejection engine, delivering higher thermal efficiency.
The Trailer of the ACM 2030 Roadmap for Software Engineering
Authors: Pezzè Mauro , Ciniselli Matteo , Di Grazia Luca , Puccinelli Niccolò , Qiu Ketai 
Published: October 2024

The landscape of software engineering has dramatically changed. The recent advances in AI, the new opportunities of quantum computing, and the new challenges of sustainability and cyber security upset the software engineering research prospective. The 2030 SE-Roadmap special issue of ACM TOSEM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology gives a 360° view of the research challenges of the 30ties with a thorough editorial, four roadmap papers from the ACM TOSEM editorial board, and over 30 peer-reviewed papers from the research community.
This paper previews the main content of the 2030 roadmap special issue with a report from the 2030 Software Engineering Roadmap workshop, co-located with ACM SIGSOFT FSE Foundations of Software engineering on July 15th and 16th, 2024 in Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, that spotlighted the software engineering research horizon to feed ideas into the ACM TOSEM special issue. The paper discusses the new challenges to software engineering that emerged in the SE2030 workshop: AI for software engineering, software engineering by and for humans, sustainable software engineering, automatic programming, cyber security, validation and verification, and quantum software engineering.
An Argument for a Strong Force Semantics of Believe
Authors: Koev Todor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The English verb believe is usually taken to encode universal quantification over possibilities (Hintikka 1969) and thus it is predicted to carry a strong modal force. Faced with the intuition that believe feels weaker than uncontroversially strong modals like sure, Hawthorne et al. (2016) instead propose that believe carries a weak modal force, requiring that the agent’s degree of certainty exceed some vague standard and drawing a parallel to relative gradable adjectives like tall. The current contribution takes to heart the idea that believe is gradable but shows that its scale properties in fact argue against a weak force semantics: the scale of believe is upper-closed and so its default standard must be the scale maximum (Kennedy and McNally 2005; Kennedy 2007). This results in a strong modal force, suggesting that the felt weakness of believe is rooted in its ‘subjective’ modal flavor (cf. Lyons 1977; Kratzer 1981) arising from the fact that believe maps propositions to degrees of credence.
New records of Gemeneta opilionoides (Orthoptera, Catantopinae) in the world’s second largest rainforest
Authors: OUMAROU-NGOUTE CHARLY 
Published: October 2024

Gemeneta opilionoides (Bolívar 1905) is a rare grasshopper presently known from three localities, Biafra (in Equatorial Guinea), Makak, and Ngutadjap (in Cameroon). Few data exist on the biology and ecology of this species in the central Africa rainforests, while its natural habitat is being rapidly destroyed by deforestation. It has been recently found at two new localities, Ngoyla in Cameroon, and Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea. From 2019 to 2023 some specimens of the species were recorded and collected at these two localities. This study increased the number of known G. opilionoides localities to five: Biafra, Makak, Ngutadjap, Ngoyla and Bioko Island. Here the species natural habitat, the threats to this habitat, and relevant conservation action are further described. The species habitat is swamp in the humid forest with ferns, and standing surface water. This species doesn't appear to have a strong seasonality. Threats to the habitat observed in Cameroon were wood logging, market gardening, bush fire, bamboo exploitation, and sand mining. There is no special conservation action in place for G. opilionoides apart from the general regulations affecting protected areas. As a contribution to the conservation of this species, we brought the matter to the attention of the Cameroon Minister of Forest and Wildlife.
Does the standard proteinuria cut-off for renal biopsy in lupus nephritis as per the current guidelines hold good for Asian population? A single-centre study from South India
Authors: Padiyar Shivraj , AS Chandu , Gowri Mahasampath , Mathew John 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Current rheumatology and nephrology society guidelines in lupus nephritis do not recommend renal biopsy for proteinuria of less than 500 mg/24 h. This might lead to a significant delay in the early diagnosis of lupus nephritis. Aim The main aim of this study is to determine the nature of renal lesions in patients with low-grade proteinuria and to analyze the predictors for clinically significant lupus nephritis. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective study. All consecutive patients of lupus nephritis, with low-grade proteinuria (200 mg to 500 mg/24 h) undergoing renal biopsy were enrolled in this study. The renal biopsies were classified into significant lesions (Class III/IV/V) and non-significant lesions (Class I and II). Treatment naïve groups and treatment-modified groups were analyzed separately. Predictive factors for significant renal lesions were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results We identified 183 patients of lupus with proteinuria between 200 and 500 mg / 24 h. Mean (SD) age was 30.2 (11.39) years with 167 (91.2%) of them being females. The mean (SD) baseline proteinuria was 351.03 (98.1) mg/24 h 85 patients (46.5%) had proliferative lupus nephritis where whereas 17 patients (9.3%) had membranous nephropathy. Crescents and fibrinoid necrosis were seen in 10 (5.46%) and 24 (13.11 %) patients respectively. Isolated proteinuria without any other sediments was seen in 95 patients (51.9%) of which 29 patients had proliferative lupus nephritis. Elevated Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), low C3, low C4 and the presence of urinary sediments were significantly associated with significant renal lesions in biopsy. Conclusion Significant renal lesions were seen in around half of the patients with low-grade proteinuria underscoring the importance of performing a renal biopsy in this set of patients. Low C3 and C4, urinary sediments, and elevated anti-dsDNA were predictors for significant renal lesions.
Severe lupus enteritis: A diagnostic and therapeutic enigma
Authors: Singh Neha , Janardhanan Jyothi , Kale Sudhir , Krishnegowda Jayalakshmi , Kumar Harish , Naushad Ali Syed Mohammed , Arigela Karthik , Ginigeri Chetan , Bhattad Sagar 
Published: October 2024

Lupus enteritis refers to the gastrointestinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It presents with diverse symptoms that frequently overlap with those of other acute abdominal conditions, posing diagnostic challenges. We describe an adolescent female, with lupus pancreatitis and nephritis, who later developed severe lupus enteritis during the course of her illness. She was treated with pulse methylprednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide and gradually improved over 3 weeks. Our case highlights the need to consider lupus enteritis in patients with severe pain abdomen and intractable vomiting. Presence of lupus pancreatitis and nephritis are risk factors for development of enteritis.
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zou Hongbo , Yin Yunfei , Xiong Kai , Luo Xuelian , Sun Zhongju , Mao Bijing , Xie Qichao , Tan Mei , Kong Rui 
Published: October 2024

Background Abnormal mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) expression plays a key role in tumor metabolic reprogramming and progression. Understanding its significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for identifying therapeutic targets. Methods TIMER 2.0 was utilized to assess the expression of MPC1 in both normal and cancer tissues in pan-cancer. Overall survival (OS) differences between high and low MPC1 expression were analyzed in NSCLC using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We also examined the expression of MPC1 in NSCLC cell lines using western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, the tissue samples and clinical information of 80 patients with NSCLC from our hospital were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess MPC1 expression, and OS was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the prognostic values of the clinical characteristics and MPC1expression. Results Analysis of public databases suggested that MPC1 was downregulated in NSCLC compared to that in normal lung tissue and predicted poor prognosis. In addition, the expression of MPC1 in NSCLC cell lines was lower than that in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells at both protein and mRNA levels. Further clinical analysis suggested that MPC1 expression was correlated with age, tumor T stage, and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that NSCLC patients with high MPC1 expression had a better prognosis, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), whereas no survival benefit was observed in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that MPC1 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Conclusions MPC1 is poorly expressed in NSCLC, particularly in LUAD, which predicts a poor prognosis and may serve as an independent prognostic factor. Further studies on MPC1 may reveal new targets for the treatment of NSCLC.
Safety and efficacy of coated flow diverters in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms during single antiplatelet therapy: A multicenter study
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Hohenstatt Sophia , Vollherbst Dominik F. , Weyland Charlotte S. , Nikoubashman Omid , Gronemann Christian , Pflaeging Muriel , Siebert Eberhard , Bohner Georg , Zopfs David , Schlamann Marc , Liebig Thomas , Dorn Franziska , Wiesmann Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Kabbasch Christoph 
Published: October 2024

Objective This multicenter study evaluates the safety and efficacy of coated flow diverters (cFDs) for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms under single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT). Methods This is a retrospective, observational study of 41 patients (median age: 58 years) with 41 aneurysms (median size: 7 mm, 29 [71%] saccular, 9 [22%] ruptured) treated with cFDs at four neurovascular centers between 2020 and 2023. Scheduled cases received continuous SAPT starting seven days before the procedure. Emergency cases were treated with tirofiban followed by SAPT loading. The safety endpoint was ischemic complications occurring during the procedure and within four months of clinical follow-up. Results The Pipeline Vantage or Flex Shield was used in 26 (63%) procedures, the FRED X in 12 (29%), the p48/64 Hydrophilic Polymer Coating in 2 (5%), and the Derivo Embolization Device 2heal in 1 (2%). Single antiplatelet therapy consisted of prasugrel in 27 (66%) patients, ticagrelor in 9 (22%), and ASA in 5 (12%). There were 2 (5%) early ischemic complications (one minor stroke and one transient ischemic attack). There were no late ischemic complications in the four-month follow-up of 35 patients. The six dropouts included four nontreatment-related deaths after subarachnoid hemorrhage and two patients with a poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Complete and favorable occlusion rates (median: 7 months) were 75% (27/36) and 89% (32/36), respectively. Conclusions Coated flow diverter implantation in the setting of SAPT was safe and effective and warrants confirmation in a prospective comparative trial.
Schottky barrier memory based on heterojunction bandgap engineering for high-density and low-power retention
Authors: Kim Hyangwoo , Kim Yijoon , Oh Kyounghwan , Park Ju Hong , Baek Chang-Ki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has been scaled down to meet high-density, high-speed, and low-power memory requirements. However, conventional DRAM has limitations in achieving memory reliability, especially sufficient capacitance to distinguish memory states. While there have been attempts to enhance capacitor technology, these solutions increase manufacturing cost and complexity. Additionally, Silicon-based capacitorless memories have been reported, but they still suffer from serious difficulties regarding reliability and power consumption. Here, we propose a novel Schottky barrier memory (SBRAM), which is free of the complex capacitor structure and features a heterojunction based on bandgap engineering. SBRAM can be configured as vertical cross-point arrays, which enables high-density integration with a 4F2 footprint. In particular, the Schottky junction significantly reduces the reverse leakage current, preventing sneak current paths that cause leakage currents and readout errors during array operation. Moreover, the heterojunction physically divides the storage region into two regions, resulting in three distinct resistive states and inducing a gradual current slope to ensure sufficient holding margin. These states are determined by the holding voltage (Vhold) applied to the programmed device. When the Vhold is 1.1 V, the programmed state can be maintained with an exceptionally low current of 35.7 fA without a refresh operation.
Elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin T in emergency department patients: insights from a retrospective descriptive cohort study
Authors: Syryca Finn , Haller Bernhard , Schmid Lisa , Kallweit Christiane , Nicol Philipp , Trenkwalder Teresa , Kanz Karl-Georg , Haas Anja , Dommasch Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
High-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assessments are routinely conducted in German emergency departments (EDs). However, data describing a large number of ED patients with pathological hs-cTnT levels and subsequent clinical outcomes are limited.

Methods
This retrospective descriptive analysis included 141.892 patients who presented to the interdisciplinary ED at Klinikum rechts der Isar in Munich, Germany, between January 2019 and December 2021. Patients with trauma diagnoses were excluded, focusing on those with elevated hs-cTnT levels. These patients were categorized into three groups based on the International Classification of Procedures in Medicine (ICPM): those with elevated hs-cTnT who received no coronary angiography (NCA), those who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA), and those who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The objective of this study was to characterize a large emergency department patient cohort and assess their subsequent clinical outcomes.

Results
After initial Manchester Triage Sytem (MTS) categorization, 32.6% (46.307/141.892) of patients were identified as non-trauma cases. Of these, 9.9% (4.587/46.307) had hs-cTnT levels exceeding 14 ng/L. Within this subset, 70.4% (3.230/4.587) did not undergo coronary angiography, 15.4% (705/4.587) underwent DCA and 14.2% (652/4.587) received PCI. Chest pain occurred more frequently in the PCI group (28.0%, 160/652) compared to the DCA group (18.3%, 113/705) or NCA group (5.7%, 159/3230), p < 0.001. However, breathing problems occurred more frequently in the NCA group (23.2%, 647/3230) compared to the PCI group (17.7%, 101/652) or DCA group (21.8%, 135/705), p < 0.001. Also, collapse was more frequent in patients in the NCA group (4.0%, 112/3230) compared to the DCA group (3.4%, 21/705) or PCI group (3.5%, 20/652), p < 0.001. Overall, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the NCA group (7.9%, 256/3230) compared to the DCA group (2.3%, 16/705) or PCI group (4.1%, 27/652), p < 0.001.

Conclusion
Emergency patients with elevated hs-cTnT who did not undergo coronary angiography faced a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in our retrospective descriptive study. Given the heterogeneous nature of presenting complaints in emergency departments, identifying at-risk patients can pose challenges for treating physicians.
Dual transcriptional characterization of spinach and Peronospora effusa during resistant and susceptible race-cultivar interactions
Authors: Clark Kelley J. , Feng Chunda , Anchieta Amy G. , Van Deynze Allen , Correll James C. , Klosterman Steven J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Spinach downy mildew, caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen, Peronospora effusa remains a major concern for spinach production. Disease control is predominantly based on development of resistant spinach cultivars. However, new races and novel isolates of the pathogen continue to emerge and overcome cultivar resistance. Currently there are 20 known races of P. effusa. Here we characterized the transcriptomes of spinach, Spinacia oleracea, and P. effusa during disease progression using the spinach cultivar Viroflay, the near isogenic lines NIL1 and NIL3, and P. effusa races, R13 and R19, at 24 h post inoculation and 6 days post inoculation. A total of 54 samples were collected and subjected to sequencing and transcriptomic analysis.

Results
Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in resistant spinach interactions of R13-NIL1 and R19-NIL3 revealed spinach DEGs from protein kinase-like and P-loop containing families, which have roles in plant defense. The homologous plant defense genes included but were not limited to, receptor-like protein kinases (Spiol0281C06495, Spiol06Chr21559 and Spiol06Chr24027), a BAK1 homolog (Spiol0223C05961), genes with leucine rich repeat motifs (Spiol04Chr08771, Spiol04Chr01972, Spiol05Chr26812, Spiol04Chr11049, Spiol0084S08137, Spiol03Chr20299) and ABC-transporters (Spiol02Chr28975, Spiol06Chr22112, Spiol06Chr03998 and Spiol04Chr09723). Additionally, analysis of the expression of eight homologous to previously reported downy mildew resistance genes revealed that some are differentially expressed during resistant reactions but not during susceptible reactions. Examination of P. effusa gene expression during infection of susceptible cultivars identified expressed genes present in R19 or R13 including predicted RxLR and Crinkler effector genes that may be responsible for race-specific virulence on NIL1 or NIL3 spinach hosts, respectively.

Conclusions
These findings deliver foundational insight to gene expression in both spinach and P. effusa during susceptible and resistant interactions and provide a library of candidate genes for further exploration and functional analysis. Such resources will be beneficial to spinach breeding efforts for disease resistance in addition to better understanding the virulence mechanisms of this obligate pathogen.
Effect of low vs. high vancomycin trough level on the clinical outcomes of adult patients with sepsis or gram-positive bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chander Subhash , Kumari Roopa , Wang Hong Yu , Mohammed Yaqub Nadeem , Parkash Om , Lohana Sindhu , Sorath FNU , Lohana Abhi Chand , Sadarat FNU , Shiwlani Sheena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background & objective
The Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines recommend vancomycin trough levels of 15–20 mg/L for severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, recent consensus guidelines of four infectious disease organizations no longer recommend vancomycin dosing using minimum serum trough concentrations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of low (< 15 mg/L) vs. high (≥ 15 mg/L) vancomycin trough levels on clinical outcomes in adult patients with sepsis or gram-positive bacterial infections.

Method
A systematic literature review from inception to December 2022 was conducted using four online databases, followed by a meta-analysis. The outcomes of interest included clinical response/efficacy, microbial clearance, length of ICU stay, treatment failure, nephrotoxicity, and mortality.

Results
Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria from which vancomycin trough concentration data were available for 5,228 participants. Our analysis found no association between vancomycin trough levels and clinical response [OR = 1.06 (95%CI 0.41–2.72], p = 0.91], microbial clearance [OR = 0.47 (95% CI 0.23–0.96), p = 0.04], ICU length of stay [MD=-1.01 (95%CI -5.73–3.71), p = 0.68], or nephrotoxicity [OR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.31–1.06), p = 0.07]. However, low trough levels were associated with a non-significant trend towards a lower risk of treatment failure [OR = 0.89 (95% CI 0.73–1.10), p = 0.28] and were significantly associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality [OR = 0.74 (95% CI 0.62–0.90), p = 0.002].

Conclusion
Except for a lower risk of treatment failure and all-cause mortality at low vancomycin trough levels, this meta-analysis found no significant association between vancomycin trough levels and clinical outcomes in adult patients with sepsis or gram-positive bacterial infections.