bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TU‐AB‐BRA‐09: A Novel Method of Generating Ultrafast Volumetric Cine MRI (VC‐MRI) Using Prior 4D‐MRI and On‐Board Phase‐Skipped Encoding Acquisition for Radiotherapy Target Localization
Authors: Wang C , Yin F , Harris W , Cai J , Chang Z , Ren L 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:To develop a technique generating ultrafast on‐board VC‐MRI using prior 4D‐MRI and on‐board phase‐skipped encoding k‐space acquisition for real‐time 3D target tracking of liver and lung radiotherapy.Methods:The end‐of‐expiration (EOE) volume in 4D‐MRI acquired during the simulation was selected as the prior volume. 3 major respiratory deformation patterns were extracted through the principal component analysis of the deformation field maps (DFMs) generated between EOE and all other phases. The on‐board VC‐MRI at each instant was considered as a deformation of the prior volume, and the deformation was modeled as a linear combination of the extracted 3 major deformation patterns. To solve the weighting coefficients of the 3 major patterns, a 2D slice was extracted from VC‐MRI volume to match with the 2D on‐board sampling data, which was generated by 8‐fold phase skipped‐encoding k‐space acquisition (i.e., sample 1 phase‐encoding line out of every 8 lines) to achieve an ultrafast 16–24 volumes/s frame rate. The method was evaluated using XCAT digital phantom to simulate lung cancer patients. The 3D volume of end‐ofinhalation (EOI) phase at the treatment day was used as ground‐truth onboard VC‐MRI with simulated changes in 1) breathing amplitude and 2) breathing amplitude/phase change from the simulation day. A liver cancer patient case was evaluated for in‐vivo feasibility demonstration.Results:The comparison between ground truth and estimated on‐board VC‐MRI shows good agreements. In XCAT study with changed breathing amplitude, the volume‐percent‐difference(VPD) between ground‐truth and estimated tumor volumes at EOI was 6.28% and the Center‐of‐Mass‐Shift(COMS) was 0.82mm; with changed breathing amplitude and phase, the VPD was 8.50% and the COMS was 0.54mm. The study of liver patient case also demonstrated a promising in vivo feasibility of the proposed methodConclusion:Preliminary results suggest the feasibility to estimate ultrafast VC‐MRI for on‐board target localization with phase skipped‐encoding k‐space acquisition.Research grant from NIH R01‐184173
TU‐A‐206‐00: Professional Liability Insurance ‐ What You Need to Know
Authors: Jordan David 
Published: July 2016

Professional liability insurance is an important tool to manage risks to a medical physicist's assets that can result from errors or omissions in the course of professional practice. AAPM has partnered with Mercer Consumer to offer coverage tailored to the professional activities and specific risks encountered in medical physics practice. This program has specific eligibility criteria, benefit options, exclusions, and enrollment options for both self‐employed medical physicists and those who practice in an employment setting.There are important nuances to the form of coverage chosen and the determination of the coverage period for individual policies. The need for and role of professional liability insurance varies for each individual physicist, and one of the most important factors is the physicist's employment or self‐employment status and involvement in consulting activities.This session will provide an overview of the AAPM‐sponsored program (administered by Mercer) and the various options available to consulting and employed physicists. The fundamental concepts of professional liability insurance in general will be reviewed, and the roles of occurrence and claims‐made coverage forms within the AAPM program will be explained. Information drawn from claims data from the AAPM program will be used to illustrate the role of professional liability insurance benefits in realistic cases involving losses and liabilities due to errors and omissions in medical physics practice.

Learning Objectives:
Explain how professional liability insurance protects a medical physicist in the event of a lawsuit.
Understand the basic concepts of the professional liability insurance coverage forms: occurrence and claims‐made.
Explain AAPM's professional liability insurance program for the consulting and non‐consulting medical physicist.
Understand the recent claim/expense data from AAPM's professional liability insurance program.Graham Fuller is an employee of Mercer Consumer.
TU‐A‐206‐02: Is Professional Liability Insurance Really Necessary
Authors: Orfali A. 
Published: July 2016

Professional liability insurance is an important tool to manage risks to a medical physicist's assets that can result from errors or omissions in the course of professional practice. AAPM has partnered with Mercer Consumer to offer coverage tailored to the professional activities and specific risks encountered in medical physics practice. This program has specific eligibility criteria, benefit options, exclusions, and enrollment options for both self‐employed medical physicists and those who practice in an employment setting.There are important nuances to the form of coverage chosen and the determination of the coverage period for individual policies. The need for and role of professional liability insurance varies for each individual physicist, and one of the most important factors is the physicist's employment or self‐employment status and involvement in consulting activities.This session will provide an overview of the AAPM‐sponsored program (administered by Mercer) and the various options available to consulting and employed physicists. The fundamental concepts of professional liability insurance in general will be reviewed, and the roles of occurrence and claims‐made coverage forms within the AAPM program will be explained. Information drawn from claims data from the AAPM program will be used to illustrate the role of professional liability insurance benefits in realistic cases involving losses and liabilities due to errors and omissions in medical physics practice.

Learning Objectives:
Explain how professional liability insurance protects a medical physicist in the event of a lawsuit.
Understand the basic concepts of the professional liability insurance coverage forms: occurrence and claims‐made.
Explain AAPM's professional liability insurance program for the consulting and non‐consulting medical physicist.
Understand the recent claim/expense data from AAPM's professional liability insurance program.Graham Fuller is an employee of Mercer Consumer.
TU‐B‐201‐00: TG180: Imaging Dose During RT
Authors: Ding George 
Published: July 2016

Radiotherapy is in the era of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in which imaging procedures are routinely performed for patient positioning, and target localization. The additional imaging dose delivered may increase risk to the patient and therefore needs to be managed. This lecture provides an overview of the AAPM TG‐180 which is charged with: providing an overview on imaging dose including megavoltage electronic portal imaging (MV EPI), kilovoltage digital radiography (kV DR), Tomotherapy MV‐CT, megavoltage cone‐beam CT (MV‐CBCT) and kilovoltage cone‐beam CT (kV‐CBCT) as well as providing general guidelines for commissioning and managing imaging dose calculations. The dose to radiotherapy (RT) patients resulting from different image guidance procedures is reviewed and recommendations for managing the imaging dose are provided. Different techniques for reducing the image guidance dose are summarized. A recommended threshold beyond which imaging dose should be considered in the treatment planning process is discussed. This lecture also discusses kilovoltage imaging dose determination by calculation and estimation, and inclusion in treatment planning as well as accounting for MV imaging dose and the future of MV imaging.

Learning Objectives:
Learn the different image guidance modalities, typical organ doses resulting from different image procedures, and techniques to reduce the imaging dose;
Understand the imaging dose threshold and rationale for accounting for the imaging dose;
Learn how to account for kV imaging dose
Learn how to account for MV imaging dose and understand the future of MV imaging
TU‐B‐201‐01: An Overview of TG‐180
Authors: Ding G. 
Published: July 2016

Radiotherapy is in the era of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in which imaging procedures are routinely performed for patient positioning, and target localization. The additional imaging dose delivered may increase risk to the patient and therefore needs to be managed. This lecture provides an overview of the AAPM TG‐180 which is charged with: providing an overview on imaging dose including megavoltage electronic portal imaging (MV EPI), kilovoltage digital radiography (kV DR), Tomotherapy MV‐CT, megavoltage cone‐beam CT (MV‐CBCT) and kilovoltage cone‐beam CT (kV‐CBCT) as well as providing general guidelines for commissioning and managing imaging dose calculations. The dose to radiotherapy (RT) patients resulting from different image guidance procedures is reviewed and recommendations for managing the imaging dose are provided. Different techniques for reducing the image guidance dose are summarized. A recommended threshold beyond which imaging dose should be considered in the treatment planning process is discussed. This lecture also discusses kilovoltage imaging dose determination by calculation and estimation, and inclusion in treatment planning as well as accounting for MV imaging dose and the future of MV imaging.

Learning Objectives:
Learn the different image guidance modalities, typical organ doses resulting from different image procedures, and techniques to reduce the imaging dose;
Understand the imaging dose threshold and rationale for accounting for the imaging dose;
Learn how to account for kV imaging dose
Learn how to account for MV imaging dose and understand the future of MV imaging
TU‐B‐BRB‐01: Panel Member
Authors: Brade A. 
Published: July 2016

In this interactive session, liver SBRT patient cases will be presented to highlight real‐world considerations for ensuring safe and accurate treatment delivery. An expert panel of speakers will discuss approaches to challenges specific to liver SBRT including motion management, target delineation and imaging strategies, online treatment alignment, and appropriate prescription regimens and OAR dose limits. Audience participation will be encouraged.Learning Objectives:This panel session is designed to provide case demonstration and review for liver SBRT in terms of

clinical appropriateness in patient selection
strategies for motion management in simulation
treatment planning approaches with image fusion/co‐registration
image guidance in treatment delivery
TU‐B‐206‐01: Navigating the Black, White, and Gray
Authors: Limmer J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:To reacquaint the participant with foundational aspects of educational, healthcare and research ethics as they relate to the Medical Physicist day to day role.Methods:Presenting recognized best practice guidelines and tenants applied to hypothetical scenarios and medical physics related occupations.Results:The application of recognized standards of ethical behavior result in beneficial outcomes for all involvedConclusion:Ethics is multi‐faceted in its manifestation application; most facets are applicable to any avenue a medical physicist may pursue in their career.In its pure sense, ethics is the branch of philosophy that concerns itself with notions of right and wrong, particularly as applied to human behavior. Questions of ethics generally are different from and more challenging than questions of adherence to social norms, religious teachings or civil law. On a more pragmatic level, most professions have an established set of ethical standards to which those who practice the profession are expected to adhere, and a formal structure for sanctioning those practitioners who do not. Such is the case with Medical Physics and the AAPM's Code of Ethics.This symposium will provide a brief refresher as to the philosophical grounding that informs the ethical practice of Medical Physics.The study of ethics in general, and more specifically medical professional ethics, has a rich history. A framework for discussion of ethical questions, including common vocabulary and guiding concepts will be presented with an emphasis on tools that can be personalized and employed for guiding one's own practice. The connections will be explored between this conceptual framework and the form and substance of the AAPM's Code of Ethics, which is currently under review and revision. Finally there will be some discussion of the nature of struggles that have been observed over time as our membership of scientists and engineers attempt to find clarity in a realm of philosophy that is only very rarely amenable to logical analysis.The attendee will be exposed to:

The definition of ethics including comparisons to similar concepts such as law and morals.
The concepts of ethical expectations of behavior and its origins
Examples and choice analysis in the areas of research, education, and the clinic
Practical application of methods to help avoid being placed in the situation where their ethical behavior is questioned as a medical physicistAttendees should be able to:

Understand the scope of the philosophical domain of ethics, and be familiar with core concepts and vocabulary.
Recognize the broader considerations of ethical professional practice as they are captured in the AAPM Code of Ethics.
Appreciate the non‐linear, non‐deterministic, context‐sensitive nature of ethical considerations, and be able to more deeply appreciate the structural importance of compassion and empathy in human interaction.
TU‐B‐207B‐00: Challenges in Radiomics and Big Data
Authors: Drukker Karen 
Published: July 2016

The general learning objectives are to get a better understanding of

The pitfalls along the radiomics/radiogenomics (imaging genomics) pipeline
The crucial role of statistics in the design and evaluation of radiomics/radiogenomics phenotypes and systems
The special challenges associated with big data
Introduction

Basic statistical concepts
Association, correlation, and causality
Know when your numbers are significant
Reproducibility

Replication studies

The extent of the problem
Curse of dimensionality, overfitting, multiple hypothesis testing
Sample size, P‐value variability
“Big Data”

“Big data” vs. “medium data” vs. “small data”
Training and testing data sets
HarmonizationKD receives royalties from Hologic
TU‐B‐207B‐01: Challenges in Radiomics and Big Data
Authors: Drukker K. 
Published: July 2016

The general learning objectives are to get a better understanding of

The pitfalls along the radiomics/radiogenomics (imaging genomics) pipeline
The crucial role of statistics in the design and evaluation of radiomics/radiogenomics phenotypes and systems
The special challenges associated with big data
Introduction

Basic statistical concepts
Association, correlation, and causality
Know when your numbers are significant
Reproducibility

Replication studies

The extent of the problem
Curse of dimensionality, overfitting, multiple hypothesis testing
Sample size, P‐value variability
“Big Data”

“Big data” vs. “medium data” vs. “small data”
Training and testing data sets
HarmonizationKD receives royalties from Hologic
TU‐D‐BRC‐01: Novel Applications for Current EPID Technology
Authors: Rottmann J. 
Published: July 2016

There has been increased deployment of gantry‐mounted linacs with onboard kilovoltage x‐ray imagers. Despite this trend, most clinics still employ beam's‐eye‐view (BEV) imaging using flat panel electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) as a highly useful means of verifying geometric localization pre‐ and post‐delivery. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of EPIDs for a variety of clinical and investigational applications ranging from megavoltage cone‐beam CT, in vivo dosimetry, patient‐specific QA to real‐time target localization for dynamic MLC‐based tumor tracking. In conjunction, there are several innovative EPID designs currently under investigation that hold great promise in bringing novel imaging and image‐guidance applications into clinical practice.This symposium is aimed at clinical and research‐oriented medical physicists who want to learn more about current and future megavoltage imaging technology and applications. In this symposium, we will examine the (i) interesting applications that make use of current EPID technology such as volumetric 4D image‐based models, real‐time position estimation for dynamic MLC tracking, etc., (ii) clinical applications such as in vivo EPID dosimetry and (iii) innovative high‐performance EPID designs and exciting future applications, including designs based on thick segmented scintillators, hybrid kV/MV imagers using segmented strip scintillators, and energy‐resolving EPIDs based on multilayer imagers and poly‐Silicon active matrix flat panel imagers.Learning Objectives – In this symposium, the attendees will learn

Novel applications using currently available EPIDs
Use of EPIDs to perform in vivo dosimetry
Novel designs using high‐efficiency, energy resolving EPIDs and future applications of megavoltage imagingJ. Rottmann, Varian Medical SystemsP. Greer, Research Grant Funding from Radiation Oncology Institute (Grant ROI2013‐912), 2013–2014
TU‐D‐BRC‐03: Future EPID Technology and Applications
Authors: Antonuk L. 
Published: July 2016

There has been increased deployment of gantry‐mounted linacs with onboard kilovoltage x‐ray imagers. Despite this trend, most clinics still employ beam's‐eye‐view (BEV) imaging using flat panel electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) as a highly useful means of verifying geometric localization pre‐ and post‐delivery. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of EPIDs for a variety of clinical and investigational applications ranging from megavoltage cone‐beam CT, in vivo dosimetry, patient‐specific QA to real‐time target localization for dynamic MLC‐based tumor tracking. In conjunction, there are several innovative EPID designs currently under investigation that hold great promise in bringing novel imaging and image‐guidance applications into clinical practice.This symposium is aimed at clinical and research‐oriented medical physicists who want to learn more about current and future megavoltage imaging technology and applications. In this symposium, we will examine the (i) interesting applications that make use of current EPID technology such as volumetric 4D image‐based models, real‐time position estimation for dynamic MLC tracking, etc., (ii) clinical applications such as in vivo EPID dosimetry and (iii) innovative high‐performance EPID designs and exciting future applications, including designs based on thick segmented scintillators, hybrid kV/MV imagers using segmented strip scintillators, and energy‐resolving EPIDs based on multilayer imagers and poly‐Silicon active matrix flat panel imagers.Learning Objectives – In this symposium, the attendees will learn

Novel applications using currently available EPIDs
Use of EPIDs to perform in vivo dosimetry
Novel designs using high‐efficiency, energy resolving EPIDs and future applications of megavoltage imagingJ. Rottmann, Varian Medical SystemsP. Greer, Research Grant Funding from Radiation Oncology Institute (Grant ROI2013‐912), 2013–2014
TU‐D‐202‐01: Is ITV the Correct Motion Encompassing Strategy?
Authors: van Herk M. 
Published: July 2016

Respiratory motion has long been recognized as an important factor affecting the precision of radiotherapy. After the introduction of the 4D CT to visualize the respiratory motion in 3D, the internal target volume (ITV) has been widely adopted as simple method to take the motion into account in treatment planning and delivery. The ITV is generated as the union of the CTVs as the patient goes through the respiratory cycle. Many issues have been identified with the ITV. In this session three alternatives for the ITV will be discussed: 1) An alternative motion‐inclusive approach with better imaging and smaller margins, called mid‐position CT. 2) The tracking approach and 3) The gating approach.The following topics will be addressed by Marcel van Herk (“Is ITV the correct motion encompassing strategy”): Magnitude of respiratory motion, effect of motion on radiotherapy, motion encompassing strategies, and software solutions to assist in motion encompassing strategies. Then Paul Keall (“Make margins simple: Use real‐time target tracking”) will discuss tracking with: clinical drivers for tracking, current clinical status of tumor tracking, future tumor tracking technology, and margin margin challenges with and without tracking. Finally Daniel Low will discuss gating (“Gating is the best ITV killer”): why ITV in the first place, requirements for planning, requirements at the machine, benefits and costs.The session will end with a discussion and live demo of motion simulation software to illustrate the issues and explain the relative benefit and appropriate uses for the three methods.

Learning Objectives:
Explain the 4D imaging and treatment planning process.
Summarize the various approaches to deal with respiratory motion during radiotherapy
Discuss the tradeoffs involved when choosing one of the three discussed approaches.
Explain in which situation each method is the best choiceResearch is partly funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation; M. van Herk, Part of the research was funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation
TU‐D‐206‐02: Body Tomosynthesis Image Features and Artifacts
Authors: Flynn M. 
Published: July 2016

The current use of tomosynthesis for musculo‐skeletal, abdominal, and thoracic imaging will be considered in four sections:A. Current Practice (M. Bath) : The presently available systems for body tomosynthesis will be reviewed and the current diagnostic applications described.B. Image Features and artifacts (M. FLynn): The consequence of a limited angle linear acquisition scan on image features and artifacts will be explained.C. Radiation Dose (J. Sabol): The organ dose associated with common tomosynthesis protocols will be reported and compared to the dose for radiographic and computed tomography procedures.D. Acceptance testing and Quality Assurance (K. Jones): Recommended medical physics acceptance test will be described and appriate programs for quality assurance discussed.

Learning Objectives:
Learn how body tomosynthesis is currently being used in diagnostic radiology.
Understand how scan acquisitions can be designed to optimize image content and minimize artifacts.
Learn to radiation dose associated with common protocols.
Understand how to best evaluate a newly purchased tomosynthesis system.J. Sabol, Presenter is an employee of GE Healthcare.
TU‐D‐206‐04: Body TS Acceptance Testing and QC
Authors: Jones A. 
Published: July 2016

The current use of tomosynthesis for musculo‐skeletal, abdominal, and thoracic imaging will be considered in four sections:A. Current Practice (M. Bath) : The presently available systems for body tomosynthesis will be reviewed and the current diagnostic applications described.B. Image Features and artifacts (M. FLynn): The consequence of a limited angle linear acquisition scan on image features and artifacts will be explained.C. Radiation Dose (J. Sabol): The organ dose associated with common tomosynthesis protocols will be reported and compared to the dose for radiographic and computed tomography procedures.D. Acceptance testing and Quality Assurance (K. Jones): Recommended medical physics acceptance test will be described and appriate programs for quality assurance discussed.

Learning Objectives:
Learn how body tomosynthesis is currently being used in diagnostic radiology.
Understand how scan acquisitions can be designed to optimize image content and minimize artifacts.
Learn to radiation dose associated with common protocols.
Understand how to best evaluate a newly purchased tomosynthesis system.J. Sabol, Presenter is an employee of GE Healthcare.