bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity in 14 sheep types in Iran
Authors: Vajed Ebrahimi Mohammad Taghi , Mohammadabadi Mohammadreza , Esmailizadeh Ali 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Investigation of genetic relationship among populations has been traditionally based on the analysis of allele frequencies at different loci. The prime objective of this research was to measure the genetic polymorphism of five microsatellite markers (McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35) and study genetic diversity of 14 sheep types in Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 565 individuals using an optimized salting-out DNA extraction procedure. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was successfully performed with the specific primers. Some locus–population combinations were not at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0. 05). The microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and gene diversity in all 14 breeds. Pakistani and Arabi breeds showed the highest mean number of alleles (11.8 and 11 respectively), while the highest value for polymorphic information content was observed for the Arabi breed (0.88). A UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram based on the Nei's standard genetic distance among studied breeds showed a separate cluster for Arabi and Pakistani breeds and another cluster for other breeds. The Shannon index (H0) for McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35 was 2.31, 2.17, 2.27, 2.04 and 2.18, respectively, and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.88, 0.92, 0.87, 0.84, and 0.86 for McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35, respectively. The high degree of variability demonstrated within the studied sheep types implies that these populations are rich reservoirs of genetic diversity that must be preserved.
Assessing qualitative long-term volcanic hazards at Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)
Authors: Becerril Laura , Martí Joan , Bartolini Stefania , Geyer Adelina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Conducting long-term hazard assessment in active volcanic areas is of primary importance for land-use planning and defining emergency plans able to be applied in case of a crisis. A definition of scenario hazard maps helps to mitigate the consequences of future eruptions by anticipating the events that may occur. Lanzarote is an active volcanic island that has hosted the largest (>  1.5 km3 DRE) and longest (6 years) eruption, the Timanfaya eruption (1730–1736), on the Canary Islands in historical times (last 600 years). This eruption brought severe economic losses and forced local people to migrate. In spite of all these facts, no comprehensive hazard assessment or hazard maps have been developed for the island. In this work, we present an integrated long-term volcanic hazard evaluation using a systematic methodology that includes spatial analysis and simulations of the most probable eruptive scenarios.
Assimilation of snow cover and snow depth into a snow model to estimate snow water equivalent and snowmelt runoff in a Himalayan catchment
Authors: Stigter Emmy E. , Wanders Niko , Saloranta Tuomo M. , Shea Joseph M. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Immerzeel Walter W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Snow is an important component of water storage in the Himalayas. Previous snowmelt studies in the Himalayas have predominantly relied on remotely sensed snow cover. However, snow cover data provide no direct information on the actual amount of water stored in a snowpack, i.e., the snow water equivalent (SWE). Therefore, in this study remotely sensed snow cover was combined with in situ observations and a modified version of the seNorge snow model to estimate (climate sensitivity of) SWE and snowmelt runoff in the Langtang catchment in Nepal. Snow cover data from Landsat 8 and the MOD10A2 snow cover product were validated with in situ snow cover observations provided by surface temperature and snow depth measurements resulting in classification accuracies of 85.7 and 83.1 % respectively. Optimal model parameter values were obtained through data assimilation of MOD10A2 snow maps and snow depth measurements using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Independent validations of simulated snow depth and snow cover with observations show improvement after data assimilation compared to simulations without data assimilation. The approach of modeling snow depth in a Kalman filter framework allows for data-constrained estimation of snow depth rather than snow cover alone, and this has great potential for future studies in complex terrain, especially in the Himalayas. Climate sensitivity tests with the optimized snow model revealed that snowmelt runoff increases in winter and the early melt season (December to May) and decreases during the late melt season (June to September) as a result of the earlier onset of snowmelt due to increasing temperature. At high elevation a decrease in SWE due to higher air temperature is (partly) compensated by an increase in precipitation, which emphasizes the need for accurate predictions on the changes in the spatial distribution of precipitation along with changes in temperature.
La depuración franquista del profesorado de instituto en Madrid
Authors: Grana Gil Isabel , Martín Zúñiga Francisco 
Published: July 2017

El desarrollo de la Segunda Enseñanza en Madrid es especial, ya que en apenas 10 años -1929-1939- pasó de tener 3 a 15 institutos, que hizo que fueran afluyendo a la capital un número importante de docentes, desde las distintas provincias, que les posibilitaba la cercanía a esa nueva forma de entender la educación que se venía desarrollando durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, de mano fundamentalmente de la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios, y que estaba cristalizando en la política educativa de la segunda república y también abrió las puertas a la incorporación de la mujer. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la realidad de la depuración franquista de este profesorado, y saber cómo les afectó, teniendo en cuenta el sexo, la categoría docente, el instituto en el que ejercían, su relación o no con la JAE, y los tipos de cargos y sanciones que tuvieron, todo ello a través de los expedientes de depuración. Palabras Clave: Historia de la Educación, Depuración franquista, Madrid, Segunda Enseñanza.
Evolving attitudes toward robotic surgery among Canadian urology residents
Authors: Locke Jennifer , Robinson Michael , MacNeily Andrew , Goldenberg S. Larry , Black Peter C. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) has not been adopted as rapidly or widely in Canada as in the U.S. In 2011, Canadian urology residents felt that RAS represented an expanding field that could potentially negatively impact their training. We re-evaluate trainee exposure and attitudes to RAS in Canadian residency training five years later.Methods: All Canadian urology residents were asked to participate in an online survey designed to assess current resident exposure to and perception of RAS.Results: The response rate was 39% (61/157). Seventy-seven percent of residents reported being involved in at least one RAS procedure (52% in 2011), and the majority had exposure to <10 cases. For those in hospitals with access to RAS, 96% desired more console time, while only 50% of those without access wanted more console experience. Of all residents, 50% felt that RAS will become the gold standard in certain urological surgeries (34% in 2011), but only 28% felt that RAS would play an increasingly important role in urology (59% in 2011).Conclusions: Despite an increase in exposure to RAS in residency programs over the past five years, console experience remains limited. Although these residents desire more access to RAS, many voice uncertainty of the role of RAS in Canada. We cannot conclude whether RAS is perceived by residents to be beneficial or detrimental to their training nationwide. Moving forward in the robotic era, it will be important to either modify residency curricula to address RAS experience or to limit RAS to fellowship training.
Maternal Serum Folate During Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring
Authors: Qu Yanji , Liu Xiaoqing , Lin Shao , Bloom Michael S. , Wang Ximeng , Li Xiaohong , Wang Hui , Han Fengzhen , Liu Ju-E. , Pan Weixiang , Zhang Wangjian , Zou Xia , Zhuang Jian , Li Jie , Chen Jimei 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe association of folate supplementation with congenital heart disease (CHD) prevention is controversial.ObjectiveTo examine the association of maternal serum folate levels at early to midpregnancy with CHD risk in offspring.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study recruited participants from one of China’s largest cardiac referral centers between 2015 and 2018. CHD cases and non-CHD controls were matched according to maternal age at a ratio of 1:4. Data were analyzed from May to August 2023.ExposuresMaternal serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine were measured around the gestational age of 16 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was CHD, which was confirmed using echocardiography. The association between CHD risk in offspring with maternal folate levels was measured using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs in conditional logistic regression analyses. Interactions between folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine and CHD were estimated on a multiplicative scale.ResultsA total of 129 CHD cases with ventricular septal defect as the most common phenotype and 516 matched controls were included. The mean (SD) maternal age at pregnancy was 31.6 (5.3) years. There was a U-shaped association between maternal serum folate levels at early to midpregnancy and CHD risk in offspring. Compared with the offspring in the second and third quartiles of maternal folate, those in the lowest (aOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.88-5.08) and highest quartiles (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.07-3.06) had increased odds of CHD. The ORs were higher when applying the World Health Organization criteria to determine the normal range for serum folate levels. Interaction analyses suggested that the adverse associations between low and high maternal folate and CHD risk might be further magnified by vitamin B12 deficiency or elevated homocysteine.Conclusions and relevanceIn this case-control study of CHD, low maternal serum folate levels in early to midpregnancy were associated with an increased CHD risk in offspring, and excessively high folate levels were also associated with an elevated CHD risk. Further investigation is needed to make causal inferences for the observed associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Synergistic Passivation of Buried Interface and Grain Boundary of Tin–Lead Mixed Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: He Dong , Liu Kaiyuan , Li Zhaoning , Zhang Xusheng , Gao Han , Niu Zeyu , Cheng Tianle , Ma Guoqiang , Wang Jiafeng , Lamberti Francesco , He Zhubing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to its extreme susceptibility of tin to oxidation, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin–lead mixed perovskite (TLP) solar cells still lags far behind the pure lead halides perovskite solar cells (PSCs). More than the endeavors of the suppression of tin‐oxidation in the bulk TLP films, the synergistic interface engineering of both grain boundaries and interfaces turns more and more important. Here, a synergistic co‐passivation strategy is reported by modulating poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrate with p‐guanidinobenzonitrile hydrochloride (CG) and grain boundary passivation of TLP film with 3‐cyano‐4‐hydrazinylbenzoic acid (3C‐HBA), realizing a competitive device PCE of 23.3%, positioning it at the forefront of reported literature. Strikingly, the discovery of CG modifications for such important PEDOT:PSS layer. Moreover, relying on the comprehensive spectroscopies, 3C‐HBA is revealed to effectively modulate the crystallization process of TLP films. This co‐passivation strategy obviously reduces trap density and suppresses Sn2+ oxidation of TLP devices.
Self‐Supported Tungsten Nitride and Carbide Heterostructures with Vanadium Doping Tandemly Catalyze the Conversion of Polysulfides for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Yongqing , Zhang Xudong , Chen Qidi , Cai Daoping , Zhang Chaoqi , Sa Baisheng , Zhan Hongbing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe intrinsically sluggish sulfur reduction reaction kinetics and serious shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) severely impede the practical commercialization of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Herein, self‐supported tungsten nitride and carbide heterostructures with vanadium doping that are directly grown on carbon cloth substrate (CC@V‐W2N/WC1‐x) are creatively designed for Li‐S batteries, which can tandemly catalyze the liquid–liquid conversion and liquid–solid conversion of polysulfide intermediate free of any interference from polymer binders and conductive additives. Noteworthy, the rich heterointerfaces and vanadium doping are beneficial for rapid charge transfer, strong chemical adsorption toward LiPSs, massive exposed catalytically active sites, and remarkable catalytic activities. Consequently, Li‐S batteries assembled with the CC@V‐W2N/WC1‐x/S cathodes exhibit high sulfur utilization, superior rate capability, and decent long‐term cycling stability. Furthermore, experimental analyses and theoretical calculations jointly substantiate that the V‐W2N component is more effective in catalyzing the conversion of long‐chain LiPSs, while the V‐WC1‐x benefits the favorable Li2S deposition kinetics. More importantly, the Li‐S pouch cells are also fabricated to demonstrate their feasibility for practical applications. This work not only highlights the significance of tandem catalysis on the consecutive conversion of LiPSs but also provides a feasible avenue for developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward high‐performance Li‐S batteries.
Regulating p‐Band Center of Sulfur in Li‐Argyrodite to Stabilize Dual Solid–Solid Interface for Robust All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Liu Chong , Zhang Tianran , Wang Ruoyu , Chen Butian , Wang Dewen , Wang Tenghui , Yang Ziyi , Liu Tao , Mao Qianjiang , Li Taiguang , Zhang Jicheng , Ma Xiaobai , Liu Xiangfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) are garnering significant interest due to their high energy density and safety. Nevertheless, the interfacial instability, particularly with sulfide‐based solid electrolytes, poses a formidable challenge to their widespread application. Herein, to adjust the p‐band center of the tetrahedron in Li6PS5Cl is proposed to alleviate undesirable reactions at anode and cathode interfaces via facile Sb/O co‐doping. The incorporation of Sb into Li6PS5Cl forms an SbS4 tetrahedron, resulting in the downward shift of the S‐p band center. This benefits the acquisition of electrons from Li to in situ forming stable LixSbySz interphase at the Li/LPSC‐SbO interface. The Li symmetric cell endows a high stability for over 4000 h. Moreover, the lower p‐band center of the S‐p band also strengthens the interaction of the SbS4 tetrahedron with surrounding Li atoms, impeding charge transfer to S8 and mitigating interfacial side reactions on the sulfur cathode. Additionally, O doping enhances the air stability of the electrolyte. The ASSLSBs with LPSC‐SbO achieve a high specific capacity of 932.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with 83.7% capacity retention over 150 cycles. Furthermore, the practical all‐solid‐state pouch cell demonstrates stable cycling performance and anticipated safety. This work provides insights into constructing stable dual solid–solid interfaces for sulfide‐based room‐temperature high‐performance ASSLSBs.
Phytoglycogen Nanolubricants with Extended Retention Time in Joints
Authors: Ma Yingshan , Nouri Shahrzad , Pham Duy Anh , Ziyaeyan Atoosa , Chen Zhengkun , Morozova Sofia , Chekini Mahshid , Banquy Xavier , Adibnia Vahid , Viswanathan Sowmya , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a prevalent chronic health condition that is mostly associated with the degeneration of joint cartilage due to aging or abnormal mechanical stress in the joint. Intraarticularly injected nanoparticle‐based lubricants decrease the friction between damaged cartilage surfaces, thus preventing their further degradation; however, the effectiveness of currently used nanoparticle‐based lubricants is limited by their short retention time in the joint space. To address this challenge, cationically modified biosourced phytoglycogen nanolubricants are utilized, which electrostatically bind to the cartilage components. The conjugation of the nanoparticles with red‐emissive fluorescent carbon dots enables in vivo studies of their retention in the joint. The hytoglycogen nanoconjugates exhibit high colloidal stability in physiological conditions, provide a friction coefficient of 10−3–10−2 between the sliding surfaces under physiologically relevant pressures, strongly bind to the major cartilage surface components, and show significantly prolonged retention time in the joint in vivo, with a fourfold increase in half‐life in comparison with conventionally used hyaluronic acid injectant. These properties make these functionalized phytoglycogen nanoparticles a highly promising candidate for joint lubrication.
Occupying in Metal−Organic Frameworks’ Pores: Vein‐Like PANI Cross‐Coupled Hierarchical Porous UiO‐66 Flexible Electrode for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Chi Jinyao , Li Qichang , Wei Liuxu , Shi Rui , Liu Xufei , Zhang Qi , Liu Kang , Li Zhenjiang , Xiao Zhenyu , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough extending conductive polymer chains into the pores of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) leverages their advantage of high conductivity and ultra‐high surface area for “double‐high” electrode materials, only the surface pores of MOFs bulk can be occupied by conducting polymer by reported methods. To solve these issues, a selective etching and subsequent electrochemical polymerization strategy is employed. First, the hierarchical porous UiO‐66 (HPMOF) is prepared by acetate etching process, creating abundant mesopores and vein‐like channels that facilitate fast mass feeding of aniline monomers during electrochemical polymerization. Then, vein‐like PANI chains intersect HPMOF bulks and cross‐couples with HPMOF networks, which not only ensure that the inner pore surface is accessible to electrons but also dramatically increases surface area and cycle stability of PANI due to the nano‐confined effect. Therefore, the optimized HPMOF‐20h@PANI electrode showcases exceptional electron transport and ion accessibility, as evidenced by a remarkable specific capacitance of 6507 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 and retention of 82.1% capacitance after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the as‐fabricated soft‐pack symmetric supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 0.293 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 1.28 mW cm−2. This work provides a new route to design flexible “double‐high” electrodes and broadens the horizons in wearable electronics.
Alumina Fiber Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Technology for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Xin Yingfei , Wang Qingxue , Fu Chongyang , Du Shanmei , Hou Limei , Wei Xiangxia , Wang Hanbin , Wang Xiaoxiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPassive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) achieves cooling by simultaneously reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to outer space, without consuming any external energy. Traditional PDRC designs use organic materials that are prone to aging and secondary pollution under solar illumination. Here, a flexible alumina fiber membrane (FAFM) is prepared using electrospinning technology. The fiber‐membrane hierarchical structure ensures macroscopic flexibility, allowing this inorganic material to be assembled on complex surfaces just like organic materials. It can efficiently dissipate heat by emitting infrared radiation that matches the atmospheric window and scattering sunlight. Importantly, it is notable that no aging phenomenon occurs even under prolonged ultraviolet irradiation, which brings additional benefits to its green energy‐saving properties. As a result, its outstanding fire resistance and thermal insulation prevent the possibility of spontaneous combustion in extremely hot weather during the summer and may serve as a multifunctional insulation layer for buildings. This preparation method promotes surface design based on more inorganic structural materials in the future, enabling the design of more low‐cost, highly flexible inorganic PDRC materials.
A Novel Hierarchical Porous Covalent Organic Framework as Multi‐Active‐Center Anode for High‐Performance Sodium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Yuan Wenyong , Weng Junying , Sun Yiran , Zhang Pengju , Ding Minghui , Chen Siyi , Zhou Pengfei , Zhou Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) by virtue of synergizing the merits of batteries and supercapacitors are promising in energy‐storage applications. However, they face significant challenges due to the mismatch between the sluggish Faradaic reaction anode and the swift non‐Faradaic cathode. Here, the in‐situ growth of a covalent organic framework (TA‐DH‐COF) with multiple active sites (C = O, C = N, and C = C) on graphene aerogels (GA) is reported to synthesize a novel TA‐DH‐COF/GA anode with hierarchical pores for SICs. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of molecular design and hierarchical structural engineering, the obtained TA‐DH‐COF/GA anode possesses abundant accessible active sites and efficient ions and electrons transport pathways. Combining theoretical calculations and spectroscopic studies, it is revealed that the Na‐storage mechanism and transportation kinetics of the TA‐DH‐COF/GA are based on the reversible Na+ coordination by abundant accessible active sites through a four‐stage process, featuring capacitive energy storage characteristics. When coupled with an activated carbon (AC) cathode, the TA‐DH‐COF/GA||AC SIC device displays ultrahigh energy/power densities (≈56 Wh kg−1 and ≈10 000 W kg−1) and long‐term cyclic stability with 88.8% capacity retention after 18 000 cycles, outperforming existing SIC counterparts. This study illuminates the potential of COF‐based materials in SICs to achieve high energy/power density.
Magnesium Nanocomposite Hydrogel Reverses the Pathologies to Enhance Mandible Regeneration
Authors: Guo Jiaxin , Yao Hao , Chang Liang , Zhu Wangyong , Zhang Yuantao , Li Xu , Yang Boguang , Dai Bingyang , Chen Xin , Lei Lei , Chen Ziyi , Li Ye , Zheng Lizhen , Liu Weiyang , Tong Wenxue , Su Yuxiong , Qin Ling , Xu Jiankun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe healing of bone defects after debridement in medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a challenging medical condition with impaired angiogenesis, susceptible infection, and pro‐inflammatory responses. Magnesium (Mg) nanocomposite hydrogel is developed to specifically tackle multiple factors involved in MRONJ. Mg‐oxide nanoparticles tune the gelation kinetics in the reaction between N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐functionalized hyperbranched poly (ethylene glycol) and proteins. This reaction allows an enhanced mechanical property after instant solidification and, more importantly, also stable gelation in challenging environments such as wet and hemorrhagic conditions. The synthesized hydrogel guides mandible regeneration in MRONJ rats by triggering the formation of type H vessels, activating Osterix+ osteoprogenitor cells, and generating anti‐inflammatory microenvironments. Additionally, this approach demonstrates its ability to suppress infection by inhibiting specific pathogens while strengthening stress tolerance in the affected alveolar bone. Furthermore, the enhanced osteogenic properties and feasibility of implantation of the hydrogel are validated in mandible defect and iliac crest defect created in minipigs, respectively. Collectively, this study offers an injectable and innovative bone substitute to enhance mandible defect healing by tackling multiple detrimental pathologies.