bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and association of musculoskeletal disorders with various risk factors among older Indian adults: Insights from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Tiwari Jaya , Halder Pritam , Sharma Divya , Saini Uttam Chand , Rajagopal Vineeth , Kiran Tanvi 
Published: October 2024

Background
Globally, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the biggest contributor (17%) to years lived with disability. For offering diagnosis and appropriate health interventions options along with follow-up care, it is pertinent to have a thorough awareness of its associated risk factors.

Objectives
The study aims to assess the prevalence and association between MSDs and risk factors among the Indian older adults above 45 years.

Methodology
Prevalence of MSDs among 28,436 participants was estimated using nationally representative survey on older Indian adults. Spatial distribution maps were created to display the magnitude of MSD prevalence at Indian sub-national level. Association between presence of MSDs and associated risk factors (such as occupation, employment duration, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption) was explored through Multivariate logistic regression. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
MSD was prevalent in over half of participants (53.5 (52.9–54.1)%), with more among females and in those aged >60 years (60.4 (59.3–61.4)%). Overall, joint pain (41.9 (41.3–41.4)%) was more common than back pain (32.6 (32.0–33.1)%). Prevalence was highest in Manipur (81.1 (77.9–83.9)%) and lowest in West Bengal (33.1 (30.7–35.5)%). MSD presence was positively associated with certain occupational groups, pre-obesity (BMI 25–29.9 Kg/m2), currently hypertensive, vigorous physical activity among overall population. Tobacco usage was positively associated, while alcohol consumption was linked to a lower occurrence of MSDs for 45–60 years age group.

Conclusions
Customised policy interventions can be developed for specific age category of older Indian adults and musculoskeletal health can be improved by addressing modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity, tobacco usage, avoiding workplace risks in occupations requiring manual labour as revealed by this study.
Work stress and burnout among active correctional officers in Puerto Rico: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Laureano-Morales Lisyaima , Saldaña-Santiago Nashaly , Malave-Velez Nitza , Quiles-Aponte Joshua , Travieso-Perez Sherrilyz , Diaz-Algorri Yaritza , Vera Alexis 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Correctional officers (COs) are exposed to emotional and physical harm by the nature of their work. Operational stress can lead to burnout and influence absences and COs work performance.

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the association between work-related stress and burnout adjusted by potential confounding variables (age, sex, correctional facility, type of correctional facility, distance to work, and absenteeism).

Methods
The sample of this cross-sectional study was made up of 799 prison officials. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of four instruments: demographic data, Health and Job Performance Questionnaire, Police Operational Stress Questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaires were completed online and in person.

Results
A high proportion of COs reported high operational stress and burnout levels. Fatigue was the highest mean value from all stressors, with 5.89. COs reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. They also reported low levels of personal accomplishment. Furthermore, COs with high stress levels are approximately eight times more likely to experience burnout.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that COs in Puerto Rico exposed to stress are more vulnerable to present burnout. The findings suggest that evidence-based interventions and programs should be implemented to help prevent and reduce operational stress and burnout among COs.
Prescription trends in Japanese advanced Parkinson’s disease patients with non-motor symptoms: J-FIRST
Authors: Nomoto Masahiro , Tsuboi Yoshio , Kashihara Kenichi , Chiu Shih-Wei , Maeda Tetsuya , Saiki Hidemoto , Watanabe Hirohisa , Shimo Yasushi , Hattori Nobutaka , Yamaguchi Takuhiro ,   on behalf of the J-FIRST Investigators
Published: October 2024

Background
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are important factors when selecting treatments for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). We sought to elucidate the prescribing practices for advanced PD patients with NMS in Japanese clinical practice.

Methods
We examined the prescription rates and doses of anti-PD drugs, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in post hoc analyses of a 52-week observational study of 996 PD patients with wearing-off on levodopa-containing therapy and ≥1 NMS.

Results
Dopamine agonists were the most frequently prescribed drugs combined with levodopa-containing drugs, followed by entacapone, zonisamide, istradefylline, selegiline, and amantadine. The daily dose of levodopa-containing drugs, rotigotine, entacapone, istradefylline, and droxidopa, and the levodopa-equivalent dose increased during the observation period. In a subgroup analysis of patients stratified by NMS status (improved/unchanged/deteriorated), the deteriorated group had higher prescription rates of entacapone and istradefylline, whereas the improved group had higher prescription rates of NSAIDs and zonisamide at Week 52. Prescriptions varied by geographical region for anti-PD drugs and by NMS status for NSAIDs.

Conclusions
There were significant changes in the prescriptions and dosing of selected anti-PD drugs, especially newer drugs. Anti-PD drug and NSAID prescriptions also varied by changes in NMS status and geographic region.
Vascular access devices and associated complications in paediatric critical care: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gaetani Melany , Kleiboer Sarah , Kissoon Randolph , Middaugh Kristen , Parshuram Christopher S. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Though 60–80% of hospitalized patients have an intravascular device placed during hospitalization, there is a substantial risk of complication related to the placement, maintenance and removal of these devices. The objectives of this study were to describe vascular access device use, device complications and lumen dysfunction.

Methods
An observational cohort study was conducted over a 4.5 years period, in two quaternary, university-affiliated paediatric intensive care units (ICU). Eligible patients were admitted to either the paediatric or cardiac ICU and had one or more vascular access devices in-situ at the time of enrolment. Vascular access devices were defined as any external connection directly into the circulation including peripheral and central veins, arteries or bone marrow. Consistent with practice in the studied ICUs removal of peripheral catheters was regarded as due to dysfunction or complication.

Results
220 patients, 683 devices and 924 lumens were observed. The device complication rate was 21% and the lumen complication rate was 25%. The median duration without complication was 18 days for arterial catheters, 14 days for central venous catheters; 13 days for peripherally inserted central catheters and 4 days for peripheral intravenous catheters. On one third of all patient days, the volume of fluid administered to maintain VADs was equal to or greater than 20% of the total hourly total fluid intake.

Conclusion
Approximately 1 in 5 vascular devices had one or more complications in ICU, most devices continued to be used without removal, and some complications resolved. The implications of the fluids infused to maintain device function warrants further study, as do strategies to resolve or limit the their complications in children.
The sustainability effects of two reading interventions on Saudi nursing students’ comprehension of scientific research
Authors: Al-Moteri Modi , Alqarni Ibrahim R. , Elryah Ahmed AbdElbagy Ibrahim , Plummer Virginia , Almalki Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Background
Scientific literature is presented in complex language, most frequently in English, and includes technical jargon that represents a challenge to comprehension of an English as a foreign language (EFL) nursing student. Yet scientific literature is a powerful and trustworthy source of evidence to guide nursing practice.

Purpose
The aim is to examine two reading interventions (Translation vs Synthesization) and to determine which one produces long-term sustainability effects in scientific research reading comprehension.

Method
A two-group posttest-only randomized comparative design was used in which 120 participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Several instruments were used to collect the data.

Results
Study findings showed that the synthesization group significantly produced better results when compared with the translation group on both the immediate (p = 0.01) and the delayed (p = 0.013) reading comprehension tests. It shows also that gender differences have a significant impact on reading comprehension with a favor to males in the long-term reading comprehension outcome (p = 0.038) of synthesization and females in the short-term reading comprehension outcome (p = 0.015) of translation. English proficiency was significant with determination, metacognitive, and social skills in the synthesization group (p = 0.00, p = 0.01, p = 0.007 respectively).

Conclusion
The results suggested that synthesization could be an effective reading approach in improving EFL nursing students’ reading comprehension of scientific literature.
Construction and practice of a novel pharmaceutical health literacy intervention model in psychiatric hospital
Authors: Qiu Linghe , Li Jun , Xie Weiming , Wang Fei , Shen Yuan , Wu Jianhong 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Pharmaceutical health literacy intervention (PHLI) plays a crucial role in influencing patients’ medical decision-making, particularly concerning medication use. However, PHLI has not been widely implemented in China. This study aims to develop a novel PHLI model within a psychiatric hospital setting and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods
A PHLI model encompassing four modes—covering inpatients, outpatients, Internet+ and community—was established at The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University. The model’s operation was detailed, and its performance data from 2022 and 2023 were evaluated.

Results
In 2022 and 2023, a total of 636 PHLI cases were reported. Of these, 386 cases (60.69%) were identified through the inpatient mode. The proportion of PHLI delivered via inpatient and Internet information subscription modes gradually increased, while interventions through other methods decreased. The age group of 18–30 accounted for 21.97% of cases, with 116 instances reported. Various types of PHLI were provided, including adverse reactions (18.87%), dosage and administration (11.64%), and therapeutic drug monitoring (9.43%). In addition, intervention strategies primarily focused on adverse reaction identification (10.22%), interpretation of pharmaceutical reports (7.23%), and routine examination reminders (6.45%).

Conclusion
The PHLI model developed at our hospital offers an effective approach to health literacy intervention and represents an innovation advancement in pharmaceutical health literacy management. It can also serve as a reference framework for other hospitals.
Small-cell carcinoma in the head and neck region: A propensity score-matched analysis of the effect of surgery
Authors: Hosokawa Kiyohito , Takenaka Yukinori , Sato Takashi , Tsuda Takeshi , Eguchi Hirotaka , Suzuki Masami , Kitamura Koji , Fukusumi Takahito , Suzuki Motoyuki , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: October 2024

Background
Head and neck small-cell carcinoma (HNSmCC) is a rare and aggressive cancer with a high tendency for distant metastasis. It is treated with multimodal treatment involving chemotherapy. Occasionally, surgery is performed for the management of locoregional HNSmCC. However, the benefits of surgery in this context have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether surgery could improve the survival of patients with HNSmCC.

Patients and methods
We obtained data from patients with locoregional HNSmCC treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients who did and did not undergo surgery were matched using propensity scores. The overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested using the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results
The 5-year OS rates of the patients who did and did not undergo surgery were 57.2% and 50.6%, respectively (P = 0.689); the corresponding 5-year DSS rates were 61.0% and 57.5% (P = 0.769). The adjusted HRs for surgery were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–1.33) for OS and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.51–1.49) for DSS.

Conclusion
The addition of surgery to CRT did not improve the survival of patients with locoregional HNSmCC.
PREDNOSTI MESEČNE KONTROLE ŠTEVILA SOMATSKIH CELIC POSAMEZNE KRAVE MOLZNICE PRI ZATIRANJU SUBKLINIČNEGA MASTITISA
Authors: MIJOVIČ A. , PENGOV A. , KLOPČIČ M. , ZADNIK T. 
Published: October 2024

Slovenski pravilnik o higieni mleka predpisuje, da oddano mleko ne sme v treh mesecih preseči 500.000 somatskih celic/ml. Za zaželjeno število celic, ki naj bi ne bilo višje od 200.000/ml, je potrebno vpeljati kontinuiran program spremljanja zdravja vimena v čredi. Program med drugim predvideva mesečno kontrolo števila somatskih celic posamezne krave molznice. Na podlagi serije rezultatov lahko lažje izključimo dejavnike, ki niso v povezavi s subkliničnim mastitisom, pravočasno odkrivamo kliconosce v čredi in preprečujemo nadaljnje širjenje okužbe, odredimo optimalni čas zdravljenja, boljše učinke, zlasti okužbe s S. aureus, dosežemo s terapijo v obdobju zasušitve, kontinuirano spremljamo uspešnost zdravljenja in učinkovitost zootehniških ukrepov.
Deconstructing the ‘Gandhāra still’: a new challenge to the accepted trajectory of early distillation technology
Authors: Groat Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ‘Gandhāra still’ has been an influential element in the archaeology of south-central Asia for decades. This project combines archival research, material synthesis and experimental evaluation to reappraise this eminent and pervasive reconstruction, and to systematically dismiss an assumed component in the history of distillation.
Painless thyroiditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections in a patient with central hypothyroidism after pituitary surgery
Authors: Wada Norio , Sugawara Hajime , Satoh Ayaka , Baba Shuhei , Miyoshi Arina , Obara Shinji 
Published: October 2024

Summary
We present the case of a 50-year-old Japanese woman who was transferred to our hospital with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and malaise. She was diagnosed with acromegaly 9 months ago while being treated for diabetic ketoacidosis, for which she underwent pituitary surgery. She was diagnosed with hypopituitarism postoperatively and was prescribed hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Her glycemic control was good on metformin. Tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza were positive in the emergency room. Other laboratory findings included thyrotoxicosis (free T3: 9.13 pg/mL; free T4: 3.64 ng/dL; and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): <0.01 μIU/mL) and a high C-reactive protein (CRP) level (3.84 mg/dL). The test for the TSH receptor antibody was negative. She had no apparent goiter and reported no tenderness in response to thyroid palpation. 99m-Technetium scintigraphy revealed decreased tracer uptake. Ultrasonography showed no hypoechoic lesions. Her thyrotoxicosis spontaneously resolved after 6 weeks. Although both anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were negative 9 months ago, TgAb was positive at admission. The test for TPOAb became positive 6 weeks later. These findings were suggestive of painless thyroiditis. In this patient, painless thyroiditis was believed to be caused by SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections. Screening tests of thyroid function in patients with viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza are recommended, even when thyroid gland pain or tenderness is not observed.

Learning points

We describe a case of painless thyroiditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections.

Although a few cases of painless thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 have been reported, no cases of painless thyroiditis associated with influenza have been reported.

In this case, thyrotoxicosis developed immediately after the viral infection. In addition, tests for anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody were negative before the onset of symptoms. Tests for the former became positive at the time of onset of symptoms, whereas tests for the latter became positive several weeks after the onset of symptoms.

Patients with viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, who had no goiter or thyroid tenderness, may develop painless thyroiditis; screening tests for thyroid function are recommended.
ОБ ИНТЕРПОЛЯЦИОННОМ ОПЕРАТОРЕ ЧЕТВЕРТОГО ПОРЯДКА ТОЧНОСТИ ДЛЯ РАЗНОСТНОГО РЕШЕНИЯ ТРЕХМЕРНОГО УРАВНЕНИЯ ЛАПЛАСА
Authors: ДОСИЕВ А.А. , ЦЕЛИКЕР Э. 
Published: October 2024

Для получения решения четвертого порядка точности задачи Дирихле для уравнения Лапласа в прямоугольном параллелепипеде предлагается трехмерный (3D) оператор согласования. Оператор строится на основе однородных ортогонально-гармонических многочленов в трех переменных и использует разностное решение задачи на кубической сетке для получения приближенного решения между узлами сетки. Разностное решение в узлах, используемых оператором интерполяции, вычисляется по новой формуле, разработанной на основе дискретного преобразования Фурье. Эта формула может применяться прямо к требуемым узлам без решения всей системы разностных уравнений. Четвертый порядок точности построенных численных инструментов демонстрируется на численном примере.
A three-dimensional (3D) matching operator is proposed for a fourth-order accurate solution of a Dirichlet problem of Laplace's equation in a rectangular parallelepiped. The operator is constructed based on homogeneous, orthogonal-harmonic polynomials in three variables, and employs a cubic grid difference solution of the problem for the approximate solution inbetween the grid nodes. The difference solution on the nodes used by the interpolation operator is calculated by a novel formula, developed on the basis of the discrete Fourier transform. This formula can be applied on the required nodes directly, without requiring the solution of the whole system of difference equations. The fourth-order accuracy of the constructed numerical tools is demonstrated further through a numerical example.
ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЕ СЕЙСМОАКУСТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛН СИНГУЛЯРНЫМ ИСТОЧНИКОМ, ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИМ НА ГРАНИЦЕ ЖИДКОГО СЛОЯ И ПОРОУПРУГОГО ПОЛУПРОСТРАНСТВА
Authors: ИМОМНАЗАРОВ Х.Х. , МИХАЙЛОВ А.А. , ГОЗИЕВ К.С. , ОМОНОВ А.Т. 
Published: October 2024

Рассматриваются результаты моделирования распространения сейсмоакустических волн на основе численного решения двумерной прямой динамической задачи для слоистой пористой среды. Распространение сейсмических волн в пористой среде, насыщенной флюидом, при отсутствии потери энергии описывается системой дифференциальных уравнений первого порядка в декартовой системе координат. Исходная система записывается в виде гиперболической системы в терминах скоростей упругой вмещающей среды, скорости насыщающей жидкости, компонент тензора напряжений и давления жидкости. Для численного решения поставленной задачи используется метод комплексирования интегрального преобразования Лагерра по времени с конечно-разностной аппроксимацией по пространственным координатам. Используемый алгоритм решения позволяет эффективно проводить расчёты при моделировании в сложно-построенной пористой среде и исследовать возникающие в таких средах волновые эффекты.
The results of modeling the propagation of seismoacoustic waves based on the numerical solution of a direct dynamic problem for a porous medium are considered. The propagation of seismic waves in a porous medium saturated with fluid in the absence of energy loss is described by a system of differential equations of the first order in the Cartesian coordinate system. The initial system is written as a hyperbolic system in terms of the velocities of the elastic host medium, the velocity of the saturating fluid, the components of the stress tensor, and the pressure of the fluid. For the numerical solution of the problem posed, the method of complexing the integral Laguerre transform in time with a finite-difference approximation in spatial coordinates is used. The solution algorithm used makes it possible to efficiently carry out calculations when modeling in a complexly constructed porous medium and to investigate the wave effects that arise in such media.
РАЗНОСТНАЯ СХЕМА ДЛЯ ВОЛНОВОГО УРАВНЕНИЯ
Authors: МАСТРЮКОВ А.Ф. 
Published: October 2024

В работе рассматривается численное решение волнового уравнения. В алгоритме решения используются оптимальные параметры, значения которых получаются с применением преобразования Лагерра по времени к волновому уравнению. В разностную схему уравнения 2-го порядка аппроксимации вводятся дополнительные параметры. Оптимальные значения этих параметров получаются минимизацией погрешности разностной аппроксимации уравнения Гельмгольца. После проведения обратного преобразования Лагерра в уравнении для гармоник получается дифференциально-разностное волновое уравнение с оптимальными параметрами. Оно разностное по пространственным переменным и дифференциальное по времени. Предлагается итерационный алгоритм решения дифференциально-разностного волнового уравнения с оптимальными параметрами. Рассмотрены 1- и 2-мерные случаи уравнений. Приводятся результаты численных расчетов дифференциально-разностных уравнений. Показано, что использование разностных схем с оптимальными параметрами ведет к повышению точности решения уравнений.
The paper deals with a numerical solution of the wave equation. The solution algorithm uses optimal parameters which are obtained by using Laguerre transform in time for the wave equation. Additional parameters are introduced into a difference scheme of 2nd-order approximation for the equation. The optimal values of these parameters are obtained by minimizing the error of a difference approximation of the Helmholtz equation. Applying the inverse Laguerre transform in the equation for harmonics, a differential-difference wave equation with the optimal parameters is obtained. This equation is difference in the spatial variables and differential in time. An iterative algorithm for solving the differential-difference wave equation with the optimal parameters is proposed. 2-dimensional and 1-dimensional equations are considered. The results of numerical calculations of the differential-difference equations are presented. It is shown that the difference schemes with the optimal parameters give an increase in the accuracy of solving the equations.