bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur Beständigkeit von Dichtungswerkstoffen unter dem Einfluss von Kraftstoffen und Heizöl mit biogenen Anteilen
Authors: Weltschev Margit 
Published: September 2016

Kurzfassung
Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war die Bewertung der Beständigkeit häufig eingesetzter Dichtungswerkstoffe, wie FKM, FVMQ, VMQ, EPDM, CR, CSM, IIR, PA, NBR und PUR in Kraftstoffen und Heizöl mit und ohne biogene Zusätze bei 20 °C, 40 °C und 70 °C. E10, E85, Dieselkraftstoff mit max. 5 % Biodiesel, ungealtertes und 2 Jahre gealtertes B10 (Heizöl mit 10 % Biodiesel), reiner Dieselkraftstoff, Heizöl und Kraftstoff Super Plus zählten zu den Testsubstanzen. Masse, Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung wurden von den Prüfkörpern vor und nach der 84-tägigen Auslagerung in den Kraftstoffen und Heizöl bestimmt. Die visuelle Begutachtung einiger Elastomerprüfkörper zeigte eindeutig hohe Quellung bis zur partiellen Auflösung. Die Shore-Härte A und D (für PA) der Prüfkörper wurden vor und nach der 42-tägigen Auslagerung in den Kraftstoffen bestimmt. In den internationalen Normen wird zur Bewertung der Beständigkeit von Elastomeren kein Grenzwert der Reduzierung der Zugeigenschaften und der Shore-Härte definiert. Deshalb wurde für die Beständigkeitsbewertung ein Grenzwert von 15 % festgelegt. Zusammenfassend kann die Aussage getroffen werden, dass die Beständigkeit der Fluorpolymere FKM und FVMQ in den Kraftstoffen und Heizöl mit und ohne biogene Zusätze am besten ist.
Rapid expansion of TiO2 layers processed by supercritical solutions for dye sensitized solar cell applications
Authors: Tuncer Mustafa , Göçmez Hasan , Çetin Seher 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this work, anatase-type TiO2 layers were prepared by deposition of precursor solution including titanium isopropoxide, ethanol and acetic acetylacetone on a FTO substrate using rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS). The spraying to obtain a particulate coating of TiO2 was carried out at 65 °C and 180 bar of supercritical carbon dioxide environment. Then, thermal annealing at 550 °C for 2 h was applied to coated substrates to obtain desired phase composition. The structural and optical properties of the film were evaluated by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis. SEM observation showed that the photoanode film has porous microstructure with interconnected spherical TiO2 grains. TiO2 film has a band gap of 2.6 eV.
Comparison of concepts for a point-shaped energy density detector after flash lamp excitation
Authors: Krankenhagen Rainer , Maierhofer Christiane 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper describes investigations and research work in order to develop a simple sensor for the quantification of spectral broadband energy dissipation of flash lamps at any point in space. Such flash lamps are often used as energy source during active thermography testing (TT). Here, the temperature transient of the sensor surface has to be recorded by the infrared camera that is already present. During the following data evaluation, the energy input into the investigated specimen can be determined. Two opposite concepts were considered: thermal thick and thermal thin probes. The direct comparison shows advantages for thermal thick probes based on the physics of thermal balance processes.
Anatomical differences in patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and implications for minimally invasive spine surgery
Authors: Josiah Darnell T. , Boo SoHyun , Tarabishy Abdul , Bhatia Sanjay 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the neurovascular and anatomical differences in patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) and the associated risk of neurovascular injury in minimally invasive spine surgery.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective study of CT and MR images of the lumbar spine obtained at their institution between 2010 and 2014. The following characteristics were evaluated: level of the iliac crest in relation to the L4–5 disc space, union level of the iliac veins and arteries in relation to the L4–5 disc space, distribution of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava according to the different Moro zones (A, I, II, III, IV, P) at the L4–5 disc space, and the location of the psoas muscle at the L4–5 disc space. The findings were compared with findings on images obtained in 28 age- and sex-matched patients without LSTV who underwent imaging studies during the same time period.

RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients (12 male, 16 female) with LSTV and the required imaging studies were identified; 28 age- and sex-matched patients who had undergone CT and MRI studies of the thoracic and lumbar spine imaging but did not have LSTV were selected for comparison (control group). The mean ages of the patients in the LSTV group and the control group were 52 and 49 years, respectively. The iliac crest was located at a mean distance of 12 mm above the L4–5 disc space in the LSTV group and 4 mm below the L4–5 disc space in the controls. The iliac vein union was located at a mean distance of 8 mm above the L4–5 disc space in the LSTV group and 2.7 mm below the L4–5 disc space in the controls. The iliac artery bifurcation was located at a mean distance of 23 mm above the L4–5 disc space in the LSTV group and 11 mm below the L4–5 disc space in controls. In patients with LSTV, the distribution of iliac vein locations was as follows: Zone A, 7.1%; Zone I only, 78.6%; Zone I encroaching into Zone II, 7.1%; and Zone II only, 7.1%. In the control group, the distribution was as follows: Zone A only, 17.9%; Zone A encroaching into Zone I, 75%; and Zone I only, 7.1%. There were no iliac vessels in Zone II in the control group. The psoas muscle was found to be rising away laterally and anteriorly from the vertebral body more often in patients with LSTV, resulting in the iliac veins being found in the “safe zone” only 14% of the time, greatly increasing the risk of vascular injury.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with LSTV, the iliac crest is more likely to be above the L4–5 disc space, which increases the technical challenges of a lateral approach. The location of the psoas muscle rising away laterally and ventrally in patients with LSTV compared with controls and with the union of the iliac veins occurring more often above the L4–5 disc space increases the risk for iatrogenic vascular injury at the L4–5 level in this patient population.
ESTIMATING THE RADIUS OF THE CONVECTIVE CORE OF MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS FROM OBSERVED OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES
Authors: Yang Wuming 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The determination of the size of the convective core of main-sequence stars is usually dependent on the construction of models of stars. Here we introduce a method to estimate the radius of the convective core of main-sequence stars with masses between about 1.1 and 1.5 M
⊙ from observed frequencies of low-degree p-modes. A formula is proposed to achieve the estimation. The values of the radius of the convective core of four known stars are successfully estimated by the formula. The radius of the convective core of KIC 9812850 estimated by the formula is 0.140 ± 0.028 R
⊙. In order to confirm this prediction, a grid of evolutionary models was computed. The value of the convective-core radius of the best-fit model of KIC 9812850 is 0.149 R
⊙, which is in good agreement with that estimated by the formula from observed frequencies. The formula aids in understanding the interior structure of stars directly from observed frequencies. The understanding is not dependent on the construction of models.
SOLAR WIND CHARGE EXCHANGE CONTRIBUTION TO THE ROSAT ALL SKY SURVEY MAPS
Authors: Uprety Y. , Chiao M. , Collier M. R. , Cravens T. , Galeazzi M. , Koutroumpa D. , Kuntz K. D. , Lallement R. , Lepri S. T. , Liu W. , McCammon D. , Morgan K. , Porter F. S. , Prasai K. , Snowden S. L. , Thomas N. E. , Ursino E. , Walsh B. M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

DXL (Diffuse X-ray emission from the Local Galaxy) is a sounding rocket mission designed to estimate the contribution of solar wind charge eXchange (SWCX) to the diffuse X-ray background and to help determine the properties of the Local Hot Bubble. The detectors are large area thin-window proportional counters with a spectral response that is similar to that of the PSPC used in the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS). A direct comparison of DXL and RASS data for the same part of the sky viewed from quite different vantage points in the solar system, and the assumption of approximate isotropy for the solar wind, allowed us to quantify the SWCX contribution to all six RASS bands (R1–R7, excluding R3). We find that the SWCX contribution at

, where the DXL path crosses the Galactic plane, is

for R1,

for R2,

for R4,

for R5, and negligible for the R6 and R7 bands. Reliable models for the distribution of neutral H and He in the solar system permit estimation of the contribution of interplanetary SWCX emission over the the whole sky and correction of the RASS maps. We find that the average SWCX contribution in the whole sky is

for R1,

for R2,

for R4,

for R5, and negligible for R6 and R7.
The feasibility of a nuclear renaissance: A cost-benefit analysis of nuclear energy as a source of electricity
Authors: Lombaard Andries Lodewikus , Kleynhans Ewert P.J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: This article evaluates a possible global nuclear renaissance in the provision of electrical energy.Problem investigated: Several countries, such as South Africa, are experiencing problems in the provision of electricity and the maintenance of the infrastructure to answer growing demand. This article investigates an alternative, which was popular in the 1970s and provides clean energy.Methodology: The study firstly evaluates the main arguments set by anti-nuclear activists critically. It concerns negative public sentiment, human life and environmental endangerment, alternative energy, cost effectiveness and waste disposal concerns. The study focuses on the cost of nuclear power, as the benefits of electricity are assumed homogeneous. The second part of the article reports on an empirical cost-benefit analysis conducted by the authors to estimate the value and likeliness of a nuclear renaissance.Findings and implications: The empirical analysis indicated that nuclear energy is mostly cost-efficient. The research shows that there might be a slight increase in the use of nuclear power-producing technologies in future.Originality and value of the research: This study makes a positive contribution to the electrical power and nuclear energy debate. It assesses the possibility of a nuclear renaissance objectively. The environment, global energy shortage and different cost structures of various modes of energy production were considered.Conclusion: The study concluded that a nuclear renaissance is possible, but that despite the advantages to costs and the environment, this would not yet be statistically significant enough to cause a nuclear renaissance.
Impact of Dupoto-e-Maa education project on dropout rate and academic performance
Authors: Ouda James B. , Ndung’u Simon M. 
Published: September 2016

Background: A study conducted in the Kajiado Central District of Kenya in 2006 showed that there was a high dropout rate among primary schoolgoing children and that their academic performance was poor. The Dupoto-e-Maa education project was implemented in 2007 to address issues related to drop out rate and academic performance.Objectives: The evaluation therefore investigated the extent to which the project had influenced dropout rate and academic performance in the public primary schools in Kajiado Central District.Method: The evaluation adopted a mixed methods approach: cross-sectional survey and case study designs. The benefit of the approach is the richness of information obtained through triangulation. The respondents included head teachers, school management committees, teachers, pupils, quality assurance and standards officer and project staff. A sample size of 183 respondents was selected using purposive sampling and stratified random sampling procedures. Head teachers of the sampled schools participated as key informants. The instruments of data collection included questionnaires, an interview guide, a document analysis guide, a focus group discussion guide and an observation guide. Results: The findings indicate that the Dupoto-e-Maa education project had influenced dropout rates. The direction of the findings seems to suggest that academic performance trends are unpredictable since fluctuations are evident, though the programme could have encountered some challenges that may have limited its achievement on this variable.Conclusion: The study recommended that there is need to increase the number of non-governmental organisations modelled around the Dupoto-e-Maa education project so as to reduce dropout rate and improve pupil academic performance. The findings could also inform government policy in terms of recruitment and placement of teachers in schools in arid and semi-arid lands. Project funding could be increased to improve visibility and sustainability of project activities.
A critical assessment of Bediako’s incarnational Christological model as a response to the foreignness of Christ in African Christianity
Authors: Potgieter Raymond , Magezi Christopher 
Published: September 2016

Some African Christians continue to rely on traditional spiritual powers as a means of addressing their spiritual insecurity. In their perception Christ is regarded as being foreign to African spirituality and treated accordingly with the gospel seen as a predominantly western phenomenon. This raises the question regarding their understanding of Christ’s incarnation. This article critically analyses the ancestral incarnational Christological model of Bediako as a response to the foreignness of Christ in African Christianity. Bediako’s ancestral incarnational Christological model is his enterprise of deforeignising Christ in African Christianity by treating Christ under the African traditional ancestral category. This article demonstrates various theological aspects (i.e. the uncompounded divine-human nature of Christ in the one eternal person of the Son of God) that Bediako brings together in order to configure his ancestral incarnational Christological framework in deforeignising Christ. In breaking away from Bediako’s ancestral incarnational Christological perspective, the article concludes by identifying the weaknesses associated with the proposed concept of Bediako, and then suggests that there is a need for an alternative biblical-theological model that best describes Christ’s complete identification with African Christians. This is done without diminishing the actuality of Christ as God incarnate, or encouraging syncretism in African Christianity, or reducing the validity of African contextual needs.
Amenability and Covariant Injectivity of Locally Compact Quantum Groups II
Authors: Crann Jason 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBuilding on our previous work, we study the non-relative homology of quantum group convolution algebras. Our main result establishes the equivalence of amenability of a locally compact quantum group and 1-injectivity of as an operator -module. In particular, a locally compact group G is amenable if and only if its group von Neumann algebra VN(G) is 1-injective as an operator module over the Fourier algebra A(G). As an application, we provide a decomposability result for completely bounded -module maps on , and give a simpliûed proof that amenable discrete quantum groups have co-amenable compact duals, which avoids the use of modular theory and the Powers-Størmer inequality, suggesting that our homological techniques may yield a new approach to the open problem of duality between amenability and co-amenability.
Feitelijk leidinggeven
Authors: Hornman M.J. 
Published: September 2016

Feitelijk leidinggeven
In diens recente overzichtsarrest blijft de Hoge Raad in weerwil van tegengeluiden vanuit de lagere rechtspraak en de literatuur vasthouden aan het opzetvereiste voor feitelijk leidinggeven. Daarmee wordt het deelnemingskarakter van deze aansprakelijkheidsfiguur nogmaals bevestigd. Die bevestiging is geheel terecht, maar het (waarschijnlijk onbedoelde neven)gevolg van de huidige benadering van dat opzetvereiste is wel dat de ondermaats presterende leidinggevende beter af is dan zijn normconform of bovenmaats presterende collega. Dit specifieke punt vergt nog redressering door de Hoge Raad en zou verholpen kunnen worden door een meer zorgplichtgerichte benadering van voorwaardelijk opzet.
Het nemo-teneturbeginsel en de verhouding met de Wet herziening strafbaarstelling faillissementsfraude
Authors: van Gelder E.M. , van Toor D.A.G. 
Published: September 2016

Het nemo-teneturbeginsel en de verhouding met de Wet herziening strafbaarstelling faillissementsfraude.Een analyse naar de verhouding tussen het nemo-teneturbeginsel en nieuwe strafbaarstellingen van de meld- en inlichtingenplicht uit de Wet herziening strafbaarstelling faillissementsfraude
In dit artikel worden de nieuwe strafbaarstellingen uit de Wet herziening strafbaarstelling faillissementsfraude, inhoudende een inlichtingen- en administratieplicht, in het licht van het nemo-teneturbeginsel geanalyseerd. Deze strafbaarstellingen verplichten de failliet inlichtingen en administratie over te dragen aan de curator op straffe van een gevangenisstraf. De vraag is of deze strafbaarstellingen de Straatsburgse toets kunnen doorstaan.
Witwassen, ontneming & fiscale delicten anno 2016
Authors: Huygen van Dyck-Jagersma V.S. 
Published: September 2016

Witwassen, ontneming & fiscale delicten anno 2016. De complicaties bij witwassen & ontneming van voordelen uit belastingfraude
Ontneming van voordelen uit belastingfraude leidt niet zelden tot complicaties. Niet-betaalde belasting levert een voordeel uit misdrijf op dat kan worden witgewassen. Waar de onbetaalde belasting zich in het vermogen bevindt, kan niet exact worden aangewezen. Het gehele vermogen wordt zodoende ‘besmet’, maar dat betekent nog niet dat het gehele (groten)deels legale vermogen ook als ‘uit misdrijf afkomstig’ kan worden ontnomen. Voor de reikwijdte van de ontnemingsmaatregel is ook de specifieke kwalificatie als opbrengsten uit fiscale delicten van belang, aangezien die niet via de strafrechtelijke route maar alleen via belastingheffing mogen worden ‘ontnomen’. Tot slot betoogt de auteur dat legaliteit en rechtszekerheid aan de ontneming voor verjaarde (fiscale) delicten in de weg zou moeten staan.
Analytical Dependence Relations of Converting Geodetic Coordinates Into UTM Coordinates Recommended in Hydrographic Work
Authors: Morgaś Wacław , Kopacz Zdzisław 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article presents mathematical dependence relations used for direct conversion of geodetic coordinates into UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) and inverse conversion recommended by military standards. It mainly focuses on some formulas taken from the National Geospatial- -Intelligence Agency publication NGA.SIG.0012_2.0.0_UTMUPS - March25, 2014 and additionally from IHO Manual of Hydrography published by the International Hydrographic Office. In order to illustrate application of the presented formulas the article includes some relevant calculation examples on the reference ellipsoid WGS 84 (World Geodetic System of 1984).
The Influence of Parameters of Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle Control System on the Ability of the Vehicle to Avoid Obstacles
Authors: Praczyk Tomasz 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Autonomous underwater vehicles are vehicles that are entirely or partly independent of human decisions. In order to obtain operational independence, the vehicles have to be equipped with a specialized software that usually has many different parameters. The parameters decide about effectiveness of the software and in consequence the vehicle. The paper reports experiments performed in simulation, whose goal was to analyze the influence of selected parameters of High- -level Control System of Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle on the vehicle ability to avoid obstacles.
Principles of Neural Design
Authors: Sterling Peter , Laughlin Simon 
Published: September 2016

Two distinguished neuroscientists distil general principles from more than a century of scientific study, “reverse engineering” the brain to understand its design.
Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged. And yet a principled framework to organize this knowledge has been missing. In this book, Peter Sterling and Simon Laughlin, two leading neuroscientists, strive to fill this gap, outlining a set of organizing principles to explain the whys of neural design that allow the brain to compute so efficiently.
Setting out to “reverse engineer” the brain—disassembling it to understand it—Sterling and Laughlin first consider why an animal should need a brain, tracing computational abilities from bacterium to protozoan to worm. They examine bigger brains and the advantages of “anticipatory regulation”; identify constraints on neural design and the need to “nanofy”; and demonstrate the routes to efficiency in an integrated molecular system, phototransduction. They show that the principles of neural design at finer scales and lower levels apply at larger scales and higher levels; describe neural wiring efficiency; and discuss learning as a principle of biological design that includes “save only what is needed.”
Sterling and Laughlin avoid speculation about how the brain might work and endeavor to make sense of what is already known. Their distinctive contribution is to gather a coherent set of basic rules and exemplify them across spatial and functional scales.
Sharing Cities
Authors: McLaren Duncan , Agyeman Julian 
Published: September 2016

How cities can build on the “sharing economy” and smart technology to deliver a “sharing paradigm” that supports justice, solidarity, and sustainability.
The future of humanity is urban, and the nature of urban space enables, and necessitates, sharing—of resources, goods and services, experiences. Yet traditional forms of sharing have been undermined in modern cities by social fragmentation and commercialization of the public realm. In Sharing Cities, Duncan McLaren and Julian Agyeman argue that the intersection of cities' highly networked physical space with new digital technologies and new mediated forms of sharing offers cities the opportunity to connect smart technology to justice, solidarity, and sustainability. McLaren and Agyeman explore the opportunities and risks for sustainability, solidarity, and justice in the changing nature of sharing.
McLaren and Agyeman propose a new “sharing paradigm,” which goes beyond the faddish “sharing economy”—seen in such ventures as Uber and TaskRabbit—to envision models of sharing that are not always commercial but also communal, encouraging trust and collaboration. Detailed case studies of San Francisco, Seoul, Copenhagen, Medellín, Amsterdam, and Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) contextualize the authors' discussions of collaborative consumption and production; the shared public realm, both physical and virtual; the design of sharing to enhance equity and justice; and the prospects for scaling up the sharing paradigm though city governance. They show how sharing could shift values and norms, enable civic engagement and political activism, and rebuild a shared urban commons. Their case for sharing and solidarity offers a powerful alternative for urban futures to conventional “race-to-the-bottom” narratives of competition, enclosure, and division.