bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When does it pay off to prime for defense? A modeling analysis
Authors: Douma Jacob C. , Vermeulen Peter J. , Poelman Erik H. , Dicke Marcel , Anten Niels P. R. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Plants can prepare for future herbivore attack through a process called priming. Primed plants respond more strongly and/or faster to insect attack succeeding the priming event than nonprimed plants, while the energetic costs of priming are relatively low.

To better understand the evolution of priming, we developed a simulation model, partly parameterized for Brassica nigra plants, to explore how the fitness benefits of priming change when plants are grown in different biotic environments.

Model simulations showed that herbivore dynamics (arrival probability, arrival time, and feeding rate) affect the optimal duration, the optimal investment and the fitness benefits of priming. Competition for light increases the indirect costs of priming, but may also result in a larger payoff when the nonprimed plant experiences substantial leaf losses.

This modeling approach identified some important knowledge gaps: herbivore arrival rates on individual plants are rarely reported but they shape the optimal duration of priming, and it would pay off if the likelihood, severity and timing of the attack could be discerned from the priming cue, but it is unknown if plants can do so. In addition, the model generated some testable predictions, for example that the sensitivity to the priming cue decreases with plant age.
A quantitative comparison of the electrical and anatomical definition of the pulmonary vein ostium
Authors: Spies Florian , Kühne Michael , Reichlin Tobias , Osswald Stefan , Sticherling Christian , Knecht Sven 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnatomically guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, the position where to confirm electrical isolation is ill‐defined. The aim of the current study was to quantify the relationship between the anatomical and electrical definition of the pulmonary vein ostium.MethodsWe analyzed 20 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing PVI using radiofrequency energy and an electroanatomical mapping system. The anatomical ostium was defined based on the geometry obtained from preprocedural magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The electrical ostium was defined at the position with a far‐field atrial signal preceding a sharp pulmonary vein (PV) signal without any isoelectric interval in between.ResultsThe electrically defined ostia were 8.4 ± 4.7 mm more distal in the PV compared to the anatomically defined ostia. The distances varied considerably between the four PVs and were 10.5 ± 6.5 mm, 7.4 ± 4.3 mm, 5.3 ± 4.0 mm, and 8.3 ± 3.4 mm for the left superior, left inferior, right superior, and right inferior PVs, respectively (P = 0.009).ConclusionsThe position of the electrical and anatomical ostium differs markedly. The site of the electrical ostium is variable within the PV but always more distal in the PV compared to the site of the anatomical ostium.
Spirometry‐adjusted fraction of exhaled nitric oxide increases accuracy for assessment of asthma control in children
Authors: Martins Carla , Silva Diana , Severo Milton , Rufo João , Paciência Inês , Madureira Joana , Padrão Patrícia , Moreira Pedro , Delgado Luís , Oliveira Fernandes Eduardo , Barros Henrique , Malmberg Pekka , Moreira André 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSpirometry and exhaled nitric oxide are two important complimentary tools to identify and assess asthma control in children. We aimed to determine the ability of a new suggested spirometry‐adjusted fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) index in doing that. A random sample of 1602 schoolchildren were screened by a health questionnaire, skin prick tests, spirometry with bronchodilation and exhaled NO. A total of 662 children were included with median (IQR) exhaled NO 11(14) ppb. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using exhaled NO equations from Malmberg, Kovesi and Buchvald, and spirometry‐adjusted fraction of exhaled NO values were applied to identify asthmatic children and uncontrolled asthma. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves failed to identify asthmatic children (all AUC < 0.700). Spirometry‐adjusted fraction of exhaled NO/FEV1 (AUC = 0.712; P = .010) and NO/FEF25%‐75% (AUC = 0.735 P = .004) had a fair and increased ability to identify uncontrolled disease compared with exhaled NO (AUC = 0.707; P = .011) or the Malmberg equation (AUC = 0.701; P = .014). Sensitivity and specificity identifying non‐controlled asthma were 59% and 81%, respectively, for the cut‐off value of 9.7 ppb/L for exhaled NO/FEV1, and 40% and 100% for 15.7 ppb/L/s for exhaled NO/FEF25%‐75%. Exhaled NO did not allow to identify childhood asthma. Spirometry‐adjusted fraction of exhaled NO performed better‐assessing asthma control in children. Thus, although more validation studies are needed, we suggest its use in epidemiological studies to assess asthma control.
Cultural snapshots: Theory and method
Authors: Weisbuch Max , Lamer Sarah A. , Treinen Evelyne , Pauker Kristin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCausal influences of culture on cognition are challenging to examine scientifically. We here introduce a method to address this challenge.Cultural snapshotsenable scientists to (a) characterize the cultural information commonly and frequently encountered by a collective, (b) examine how such cultural information influences the cognitions of individuals, and (c) draw conclusions about the emergence of shared cognition. Specifically, cultural snapshots are recorded samples of public environments commonly encountered by many people. Television scenes, photographs of public spaces, magazine pages, and social media conversations are all examples of cultural snapshots. Representative sets of cultural snapshots can be coded to index the systematic patterns of information encountered by a collective (i.e.,cultural patterns). These same materials can be used to experimentally manipulate those cultural patterns, allowing scientists to examine cultural influences on cognition and behavior. We here review and provide guidelines for cultural snapshots research, trace cultural snapshots to classic theories of culture, and describe how cultural snapshots balance the constraints of representative design (Brunswik,) with those of causal inference. We then illustrate how this approach is used to address (a) questions of causality in cultural psychology and (b) questions of applicability in social cognition research. We conclude by evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
The K+ channel KZM2 is involved in stomatal movement by modulating inward K+ currents in maize guard cells
Authors: Gao Yong‐Qiang , Wu Wei‐Hua , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryStomata are the major gates in plant leaf that allow water and gas exchange, which is essential for plant transpiration and photosynthesis. Stomatal movement is mainly controlled by the ion channels and transporters in guard cells. In Arabidopsis, the inward Shaker K+ channels, such as KAT1 and KAT2, are responsible for stomatal opening. However, the characterization of inward K+ channels in maize guard cells is limited. In the present study, we identified two KAT1‐like Shaker K+ channels, KZM2 and KZM3, which were highly expressed in maize guard cells. Subcellular analysis indicated that KZM2 and KZM3 can localize at the plasma membrane. Electrophysiological characterization in HEK293 cells revealed that both KZM2 and KZM3 were inward K+ (Kin) channels, but showing distinct channel kinetics. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, only KZM3, but not KZM2, can mediate inward K+ currents. However, KZM2 can interact with KZM3 forming heteromeric Kin channel. In oocytes, KZM2 inhibited KZM3 channel conductance and negatively shifted the voltage dependence of KZM3. The activation of KZM2–KZM3 heteromeric channel became slower than the KZM3 channel. Patch‐clamping results showed that the inward K+ currents of maize guard cells were significantly increased in the KZM2 RNAi lines. In addition, the RNAi lines exhibited faster stomatal opening after light exposure. In conclusion, the presented results demonstrate that KZM2 functions as a negative regulator to modulate the Kin channels in maize guard cells. KZM2 and KZM3 may form heteromeric Kin channel and control stomatal opening in maize.
Non‐redundant functions of the dimeric ABA receptor BdPYL1 in the grass Brachypodium
Authors: Pri‐Tal Oded , Shaar‐Moshe Lidor , Wiseglass Gil , Peleg Zvi , Mosquna Assaf 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAbiotic stresses have severe detrimental effects on agricultural productivity worldwide. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels rise in response to abiotic stresses, and play a role in coordinating physiological responses. ABA elicits its effects by binding a family of soluble receptors, increasing affinity of the receptors to type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) leading to phosphatase inhibition. In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the ABA signaling pathway in the cereal model grass Brachypodium distachyon. The Brachypodium genome encodes a family of 10 functionally conserved ABA receptors. The 10th in the series, BdPYL10, encodes a defective receptor and is likely a pseudogene. Combinatorial protein interaction assay further validated computational analysis, which grouped Brachypodium ABA receptors into three subfamilies, similarly to Arabidopsis classification. Brachypodium subfamily III receptors inhibited PP2C activity in vitro and complemented Arabidopsis quadruple (pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4) mutant. BdPYL1 T‐DNA mutant exhibited clear ABA hyposensitivity phenotypes during seedling establishment and in mature plants. Single receptor predominance is in agreement with high transcriptional abundance of only a small Brachypodium ABA receptors subset, harboring the higher marginal significance of BdPYL1. Our findings suggest that unlike the highly redundant ABA core signaling components of Arabidopsis, Brachypodium encompasses a more compact and specialized ABA receptor apparatus. This organization may contribute to plant adaptations to ecological niches. These results lay the groundwork for targeting the prominent ABA receptors for stress perception in grasses, and reveal functional differences and commonalities between monocots and eudicots.
Use of supplemental anti‐HBc testing of donors showing non‐discriminating reactive results in multiplex nucleic acid testing
Authors: Kang J. W. , Seo J. H. , Youn K. W. , Seo Y. I. , Huh K. , Choi G. R. , Min H. K. , Oh D. J. , Jo H. J. , Kim J. N. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe Korean Red Cross began nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HIV and HCV in February 2005, and added HBV NAT beginning in June 2012. The current NAT system utilizes a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HIV‐1 RNA. For samples that are reactive in the multiplex assay, we do specific tests for each virus. However, there have been cases of non‐discriminated reactive (NDR) results which appear to be the result of non‐specific reactions or cross‐contamination, although some cases are considered to arise from the presence of low levels of HBV DNA due to occult hepatitis B infection.Materials and MethodsWe examined the incidence of NDR results in previous donations of some NAT‐reactive donors. Additionally, for those donors with NDR results, we performed an HBV core antibody (anti‐HBc) assay.ResultsFrom November 2015 to March 2016, there were 408 NAT‐reactive donors. Of these, nineteen HBV NAT‐reactive donors showed a history of NDR results in the past donations. Seven donors showed NDR results more than once. Of 771 NDR donors, 362 (47·0%) were anti‐HBc reactive.ConclusionThe NDR donors had a substantially higher rate of anti‐HBc reactivity than other blood donors indicating that some with anti‐HBc reactivity represent donors with occult HBV. Therefore, the incorporation of an anti‐HBc testing for NDR donors could improve blood safety testing for the Korean Red Cross.
Blood component transfusions in mass casualty events
Authors: Ramsey G. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesPlanning transfusion needs in mass casualty events (MCE) is critical for disaster preparedness. Published data on blood component usage were analysed to seek correlative factors and usage rates.Materials and MethodsEnglish‐language medical publications since 1980 were searched for MCEs with numbers of patient admissions and transfused RBCs. Reports were excluded from natural disasters or with total RBC use <50 units. Statistical analysis employed Mann–Whitney U‐tests and Spearman's rank correlations.ResultsIn 24 reports, the average units per admission were 3·06 RBCs, 2·13 plasmas and 0·37 platelet doses. Five RBCs per admission would have sufficed for 87% of events. Transfusion needs involving bombings correlated with admissions (P ≤ 0·03). In the formula (massive‐transfusion patients in MCE) times X = (total units for all MCE patients), the average X was 35 for RBCs (correlation P = 0·01), 17 for plasma (P = 0·10) and five for platelet doses (P = 0·06). From 67% to 84% of all components used were given in the first 24 h (event medians).ConclusionsBlood component use in MCEs correlated with numbers of patients admitted or receiving massive transfusion. More current data are needed to better reflect emerging trauma care practices and refine predictive models of transfusion needs.
Diabetes self-management education training for community health center nurses in Indonesia: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Sugiharto Sugiharto , Stephenson Matthew , Hsu Yu-Yun , Fajriyah Nuniek Nizmah 
Published: September 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background
Diabetes complications can increase progressively, leading to morbidity and mortality among diabetes sufferers. To address this, diabetes self-management education is a strategy to increase patients’ knowledge and awareness in self-care. However some issues related to diabetes self-management education have emerged for health care providers and patients.

Objectives
The objective of this project was to improve nurses’ skills and confidence in delivering diabetes self-management education among type 2 diabetes patients by promoting evidence based practice in community health centers, thereby enhancing patients’ knowledge and skills in performing self-care.

Methods
The Joanna Briggs Institute three-phase Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback tool were utilized in this project for promoting evidence utilization and changes in the community health setting. In phase 1 of the project, stakeholders were engaged and 12 evidence-based audit criteria were developed. A baseline audit was conducted by the project team in 41 community health centers. In phase 2, barriers underpinning areas of noncompliance found in the baseline audit were identified and strategies developed to target three key areas – staff, administration and patients. In phase 3, a follow-up audit was conducted.

Results
The baseline audit results showed that eight of the 12 criteria recorded zero percent compliance, with the remaining four recording below 50%, representing poor compliance with the current evidence. Strategies implemented during phase 2 of the project included a diabetes educator training program, development of diabetes education curriculum and media, and a patient's logbook. After implementation of the strategies, the follow-up audit showed that all 12 criteria achieved 100% compliance.

Conclusions
The diabetes training program for community health center nurses increased their skills and confidence in delivering diabetes self-management education to patients.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences of
Acetobacterium
sp. Strain MES1 and
Desulfovibrio
sp. Strain MES5 from a Cathode-Associated Acetogenic Microbial Community
Authors: Ross Daniel E. , Marshall Christopher W. , May Harold D. , Norman R. Sean 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Draft genome sequences of
Acetobacterium
sp. strain MES1 and
Desulfovibrio
sp. strain MES5 were obtained from the metagenome of a cathode-associated community enriched within a microbial electrosynthesis system (MES). The draft genome sequences provide insight into the functional potential of these microorganisms within an MES and a foundation for future comparative analyses.
Paleotethys slab pull, self-lubricated weak lithospheric zones, poloidal and toroidal plate motions, and Gondwana tectonics
Authors: Vizán Haroldo , Prezzi Claudia Beatriz , Geuna Silvana Evangelina , Japas María Silvia , Renda Emiliano Manuel , Franzese Juan , Van Zele María Andrea 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Gondwana megacontinent was composed of different domains separated by self-lubricated weak lithospheric zones, two of which could have extended into Laurasia. Displacement vectors determined through three consecutive paleomagnetism-constrained paleogeographic reconstructions (Early Pennsylvanian–early Guadalupian, ca. 320–270 Ma; late Guadalupian–Middle Triassic, ca. 260–240 Ma; and Late Triassic–early Late Jurassic, ca. 230–160 Ma) show similar orientations to coeval tectonic stresses along Gondwana. Triggered by slab pull at the northern subduction margin of the Paleotethys Ocean, differential displacements between the Gondwana domains caused localized deformation along their borders, reactivating old weak lithospheric zones (e.g., Ventana fold belt south of Buenos Aries province, Argentina; basins such as Cuvette in central Africa; and Neuquén on the Pacific margin of Gondwana). We propose that the wide extent of these structures was possible due to the transmission of mantle toroidal flow induced by strike-slip movements along these focused self-lubricated weak lithospheric zones, along with the northward drift of Pangea. These processes occurred simultaneously with a major mantle reorganization from a huge cold downwelling to a hot upwelling event caused by thermal energy storage beneath Pangea.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with fingolimod
Authors: Yuen Hiu Lam Agnes , Brown Susan , Chan Noel , Grigoriadis George 
Published: September 2017

Fingolimod is an oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator which causes lymphocyte sequestration in lymph nodes and is approved for relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia is aware of only one case where fingolimod preceded immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) by 5 weeks. Here we report three such cases.None were on any medications known to cause ITP and routine investigations were unremarkable. All cases were treated with immunosuppression. Case 1 successfully weaned prednisolone after fingolimod cessation whereas case 2 weaned slowly while continuing fingolimod therapy. Case 3 had more refractory ITP and re-exposure to fingolimod worsened thrombocytopenia.There was a temporal association between fingolimod exposure and ITP however dose–effect association and pathogenesis remain less clear.In conclusion, our cases highlight that clinicians should be aware of the possible association between ITP and fingolimod.
What are the key contextual factors when preparing for successful implementation of assistive living technology in primary elderly care? A case study from Norway
Authors: Gjestsen Martha Therese , Wiig Siri , Testad Ingelin 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo identify contextual factors at different organisational levels to guide the implementation of an assistive living technology intervention in Norwegian primary home care.DesignA single embedded case study design was carried out in an urban municipality in Western Norway to get an overview of key contextual factors from the municipality’s perspective.Data collection and analysisThe data collection was based on a triangulation of methods involving document analysis, semi-structured individual interviews and focus group interviews to get a broad insight when preparing for an intervention. Data were collected on three levels of the healthcare system: (1) national policy documents and regulations (macro), (2) five individual interviews with senior managers and municipal strategy documents (meso) and (3) two focus group interviews with nurses and nurse managers in direct patient care (micro). The Model for Understanding Success in Quality framework was used as a guide in the data analysis.ResultsThe main contextual factors identified were external motivators and project sponsorship (macro level); leadership, workforce focus and maturity (meso level);and motivation to change and maturity (micro level). Strategies developed in policy documents affected upper management in the municipality, but healthcare personnel at the micro level were not so familiar with strategies and emphasis on assistive living technologies. Healthcare personnel in our study were motivated to use technological solutions, but lack of data infrastructure and resource availability hindered this.ConclusionsAligning interests across multiple stakeholders remain a challenge when planning for an assistive living technology intervention in primary care. In the studied municipality, integration of technological solutions into healthcare services was more a vision than a reality because of a low level of organisational readiness.
Rectal water contrast transvaginal ultrasound versus double-contrast barium enema in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Liu Ying , Wang Kun , Wu Xixiang , Tang Ying 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of study was to compare the accuracy between rectal water contrast transvaginal ultrasound (RWC-TVS) and double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) in evaluating the bowel endometriosis presence as well as its extent.Design and setting198 patients at reproductive age with suspicious bowel endometriosis were included. Physicians in two groups specialised at endometriosis performed RWC-TVS as well as DCBE before laparoscopy and both groups were blinded to other groups’ results. Findings from RWC-TVS or DCBE were compared with histological results. The severity of experienced pain severity through RWC-TVS or DCBE was assessed by an analogue scale of 10 cm.ResultsIn total, 110 in 198 women were confirmed to have endometriosis nodules in the bowel by laparoscopy as well as histopathology. For bowel endometriosis diagnosis, DCBE and RWC-TVS demonstrated sensitivities of 96.4% and 88.2%, specificities of 100% and 97.3%, positive prediction values of 100% and 98.0%, negative prediction values of 98.0% and 88.0%, accuracies of 98.0% and 92.4%, respectively. DCBE was related to more tolerance than RWC-TVS.ConclusionsRWC-TVS and DCBE demonstrated similar accuracies in the bowel endometriosis diagnosis; however, patients showed more tolerance for RWC-TVS than those with DCBE.