bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct HIV-1 Neutralization Potency Profiles of Ibalizumab-Based Bispecific Antibodies
Authors: Song Ruijiang , Pace Craig , Seaman Michael S. , Fang Qing , Sun Ming , Andrews Chasity D. , Wu Amos , Padte Neal N. , Ho David D. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Preexposure prophylaxis using antiretroviral agents has been shown to effectively prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition in high-risk populations. However, the efficacy of these regimens is highly variable, which is thought to be largely due to the varying degrees of adherence to a daily intervention in the populations. Passive immunization using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1, with their relatively long half-life and favorable safety profile, could provide an alternative to daily preexposure prophylaxis. However, most bNAbs have a limited breadth, only neutralizing 70%–90% of all HIV-1 strains.

Methods:
To overcome the problem of limited antiviral breadth, we proposed that targeting human CD4 and HIV-1 envelope proteins simultaneously may improve virus-neutralization breadth and potency. Therefore, we constructed bispecific antibodies (biAbs) using single-chain variable fragments of anti-gp120 bNAbs fused to ibalizumab (iMab), a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human CD4, the primary receptor for HIV-1.

Results:
Some of our biAbs neutralized 100% of HIV-1 strains tested in vitro at clinically achievable concentrations. Distinct neutralization patterns were observed in this panel of biAbs. Those biAbs with specificity for the CD4-binding site on gp120 demonstrated 100% breadth, as well as slightly improved potency compared with iMab. In contrast, biAbs with specificity for the V1-V2 apex epitope or the V3-glycan epitope on gp120 demonstrated dramatically improved potency; some showed limited gain in neutralization breadth, whereas others (eg, PGT128-LM52 and 123-iMab) improved to 100% breadth.

Conclusion:
Our data suggest that this panel of iMab-based biAbs could be used to probe the parameters for potent HIV-1 neutralization. Moreover, a few of these biAbs warrant further studies and possibly clinical development.
Nursing Diagnosis for People With Heart Failure Based on the Hemodynamic Profiles
Authors: da Silva Alves Souza Larissa Maiara , Cotait Ayoub Andrea , Ruiz Zimmer Cavalcante Agueda Maria 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of nursing diagnoses (NDs) identified for patients with heart failure (HF) based on their hemodynamic profiles.METHODAnalytical, cross‐sectional study conducted in the emergency room of a public hospital in a large cardiology center in Brazil. One hundred medical records of patients with HF whose hemodynamic profile had been established were analyzed.RESULTSThe main NDs identified were risk of infection, bathing self‐care deficit, risk for decreased cardiac output, risk for falls, and excess fluid volume. There was no statistically significant difference (p > .05) between the different hemodynamic profiles and the ND found.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSNurses need to develop skills for improving their diagnostic abilities to ensure implementation of consistent interventions.
Gambling and violence in a nationally representative sample of UK men
Authors: Roberts Amanda , Coid Jeremy , King Robert , Murphy Raegan , Turner John , Bowden‐Jones Henrietta , Du Preez Katie Palmer , Landon Jason 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsThe relationship between violence and problem gambling in general population samples is under‐researched and requires further attention to inform treatment and prevention efforts. We investigated the relationship between gambling problems and violence among men and sought to determine if the link can be accounted for by mental disorders, alcohol and drug dependence and impulsivity.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.SettingA UK representative general population survey conducted in 2009.ParticipantsA total of 3025 UK men aged 18–64 years.MeasurementsBinary logistic regression was used to examine relationships. Outcome measures included gambling behaviour and self‐reports of violence. Covariates included alcohol and drug dependence, mental illness, impulsivity and socio‐demography.FindingsProblem gambling and probable pathological gambling were associated with increased odds of the perpetration of violence [adjusted odd ratios (AOR) = 3.09, confidence interval (CI) = 1.90–5.00 and 4.09, CI = 2.76–6.30, respectively] and a range of other behaviours, such as using a weapon (AORs = 4.93, CI = 2.52–9.63 and 6.33, CI = 3.52–11.38) and the perpetration of intimate partner violence (AOR = 9.80, CI =2.45–39.04). The results were attenuated when adjusted for comorbid mental illness and impulsivity, but remained statistically significant. Alcohol and drug dependence had the most impact; relationships were most attenuated when they added into the models, with the latter having the largest effect.ConclusionsAmong men in the United Kingdom, self‐reports of problem/pathological gambling remain predictive of a range of measures of violent behaviour after adjusting for alcohol and drug dependence, comorbid mental disorder and impulsivity; of the covariates, alcohol and drug dependence have the greatest effect in attenuating the gambling‐violence association.
How does state marijuana policy affect US youth? Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived harmfulness: 1991–2014
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Wall Melanie , Cerdá Magdalena , Schulenberg John , O'Malley Patrick M. , Galea Sandro , Feng Tianshu , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsTo test, among US students: (1) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana has changed over time, (2) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana changed post‐passage of state medical marijuana laws (MML) compared with pre‐passage; and (3) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana statistically mediates and/or modifies the relation between MML and marijuana use as a function of grade level.DesignCross‐sectional nationally representative surveys of US students, conducted annually, 1991–2014, in the Monitoring the Future study.SettingSurveys conducted in schools in all coterminous states; 21 states passed MML between 1996 and 2014.ParticipantsThe sample included 1 134 734 adolescents in 8th, 10th and 12th grades.MeasurementsState passage of MML; perceived harmfulness of marijuana use (perceiving great or moderate risk to health from smoking marijuana occasionally versus slight or no risk); and marijuana use (prior 30 days). Data were analyzed using time‐varying multi‐level regression modeling.FindingsThe perceived harmfulness of marijuana has decreased significantly since 1991 (from an estimated 84.0% in 1991 to 53.8% in 2014, P < 0.01) and, across time, perceived harmfulness was lower in states that passed MML [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75–0.97]. In states with MML, perceived harmfulness of marijuana increased among 8th graders after MML passage (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.36), while marijuana use decreased (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72–0.92). Results were null for other grades, and for all grades combined. Increases in perceived harmfulness among 8th graders after MML passage was associated with ~33% of the decrease in use. When adolescents were stratified by perceived harmfulness, use in 8th graders decreased to a greater extent among those who perceived marijuana as harmful.ConclusionsWhile perceived harmfulness of marijuana use appears to be decreasing nationally among adolescents in the United States, the passage of medical marijuana laws (MML) is associated with increases in perceived harmfulness among young adolescents and marijuana use has decreased among those who perceive marijuana to be harmful after passage of MML.
The SNP g.1311T>C associated with the absence of β‐casein in goat milk influences CSN2 promoter activity
Authors: Cosenza G. , Iannaccone M. , Pico B. A. , Ramunno L. , Capparelli R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryQuantitative individual differences in the amount of β‐casein in goat milk are determined by at least nine alleles. In particular, two alleles (CSN20 and CSN201) are associated with an undetectable amount of this protein in milk. The CSN201 allele is characterized by a single nucleotide substitution at position 373 of the seventh exon (AJ011018:g.8915C>T), responsible for the formation of a premature stop codon at the 182 position. Herein, we report the contribution of the SNP g.1311T>C, which demonstrates a linkage with the SNP AJ011018:g.8915C>T, to the promoter transcriptional activity. Particularly, we indicate that the nucleotide C at position 1311 negatively affects the promoter activity of the CSN2 gene.
Activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor pathway induced by prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 deficiency enhances the effect of running training in mice
Authors: Nunomiya A. , Shin J. , Kitajima Y. , Dan T. , Miyata T. , Nagatomi R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsHypoxic response mediated by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) seems to contribute to the benefit of endurance training. To verify the direct contribution of HIF activation to running training without exposure to atmospheric hypoxia, we used prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) conditional knockout mice (cKO), which exhibit HIF activation independent of oxygen concentration, and we examined their maximal exercise capacity before and after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise training.MethodsPhd2f/f mice (n = 26) and Phd2 cKO mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into two groups, trained and untrained, and were subjected to maximal running test before and after a 4‐week treadmill‐training regimen.ResultsProlyl hydroxylase domain 2 deficiency resulted in HIF‐α protein accumulation. Phd2 cKO mice exhibited marked increases in haematocrit values and haemoglobin concentrations, as well as an increase in the capillary number in the skeletal muscle. The 4‐week training elicited an increase in the capillary‐to‐fibre (C/F) ratio and succinyl dehydrogenase activity of the skeletal muscle. Importantly, trained Phd2 cKO mice showed a significantly greater improvement in running time than trained control mice (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that the combination of training and the activation of the HIF pathway are important for maximizing the effect of running training.ConclusionWe conclude that the activation of the HIF pathway induced by PHD2 deficiency enhances the effect of running training.
Endogenous cardiac steroids in animal models of mania
Authors: Hodes Anastasia , Rosen Haim , Deutsch Joseph , Lifschytz Tzuri , Einat Haim , Lichtstein David 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by mania and depression. Alterations in brain Na+, K+‐ATPase and cardiac steroids (CSs) have been detected in BD, raising the hypothesis of their involvement in this pathology. The present study investigated the behavioral and biochemical consequences of a reduction in endogenous brain CS activity in animal models of mania.MethodsAmphetamine (AMPH)‐induced hyperactivity in BALB/c and black Swiss mice served as a model of mania. Behavior was evaluated in the open‐field test in naïve mice or in mice treated with anti‐ouabain antibodies. CS levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using sensitive and specific anti‐ouabain antibodies. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels in the frontal cortex were determined by western blot analysis.ResultsAdministration of AMPH to BALB/c and black Swiss mice resulted in a marked increase in locomotor activity, accompanied by a threefold increase in brain CSs. The lowering of brain CSs by the administration of anti‐ouabain antibodies prevented the hyperactivity and the increase in brain CS levels. AMPH caused an increase in phosphorylated ERK (p‐ERK) and phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt) levels in the frontal cortex, which was significantly reduced by administration of the antibodies. A synthetic ‘functional antagonist’ of CSs, 4‐(3′α‐15′β‐dihydroxy‐5′β‐estran‐17′β‐yl) furan‐2‐methyl alcohol, also resulted in attenuation of AMPH‐induced hyperactivity.ConclusionsThese results are in accordance with the notion that malfunctioning of the Na+, K+‐ATPase/CS system may be involved in the manifestation of mania and identify this system as a potential new target for drug development.
Commentary: Advancing Our Understanding of Asian American Child Development: History, Context, and Culture as Essential Considerations
Authors: McLoyd Vonnie C. 
Published: July 2016

The Special Section will help scholars make informed choices about how to conceptualize developmental processes and assess contextually and culturally relevant variables in future research with Asian American children and youth. It undertakes tasks and addresses challenges that have broad relevance to the study of developmental processes and stands as a reminder of the vital role of interdisciplinary perspectives in the advancement of developmental science.
Placing Asian American Child Development Within Historical Context
Authors: Kiang Lisa , Tseng Vivian , Yip Tiffany 
Published: July 2016

This article discusses influences of historical time and place on the development of children and youth of Asian descent in the U.S. Chinese, Indian, Hmong, and Filipino American experiences illustrate how history has defined race and racial stereotypes, determined cultural and community contexts, established pre‐/postmigration circumstances, and influenced oppression and discrimination. Cross‐cutting issues as applied to other ethnicities are discussed. By recognizing history's reach on child development, this article intends to inspire others to acknowledge and consider historical influences in their work. It also lays a foundation for the two ensuing articles within this Special Section, which present a novel conceptual framework (Mistry et al., this volume) and methodological recommendations (Yoshikawa, Mistry, & Wang, this volume) for research.
Response to Commentaries on Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Research on Asian American Child Development
Authors: Tseng Vivian , Kiang Lisa , Mistry Jayanthi , Mistry Rashmita S. , Wang Yijie , Yoshikawa Hirokazu 
Published: July 2016

We briefly respond here to the commentaries to the Special Section focused on Asian American child development by Cheah, Lee, Beaupre, and Zhou, and McLoyd. We consider three questions raised in their comments. What does it mean to focus on Asian Americans? How should we examine development across the life course? How can we generate more policy‐ and practice‐relevant research?.
The genetic background influences the cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccines
Authors: Zeng M , Nourishirazi E , Guinet E , Nouri-Shirazi M 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe assessment of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as candidate adjuvants for induction of effective T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity continues to rely on the use of mice. However, the genetic variation among inbred mice may influence the efficacy of adjuvants and bias a study's conclusions. Here, we evaluated the differences in cellular and humoral responses of genetically non-identical mouse strains immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum, TLR-3, TLR-4, TLR-7/8 or TLR-9 agonists. We found that all the tested TLR agonists recruited dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells significantly into the lymph nodes, promoted DC–NK cross-talk and enhanced the cellular responses in B6 strain. In contrast, TLR-3 and TLR-7/8 were the only two agonists that showed the cellular adjuvanticity in the BALB/c strain. Compared with other TLR agonists, TLR-3 and TLR-7/8 were demonstrated to be the most effective adjuvants to generate interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector NK, CD4, and CD8 T cells in B6 and BALB/c strains, respectively. We also found that compared with alum, all adjuvants induced the recruitment of B cells and production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a more effectively in both strains. In addition, the B6 strain recruited more B cells, but surprisingly produced significantly lower amounts of OVA-specific IgG2a in response to all adjuvants. However, consistent with the frequency of IFN-γ-producing effector cells observed in individual strains following immunizations, we detected more OVA-specific IgG2a in serum of B6 and BALB/c strains in response to TLR-3 and TLR-7/8, respectively. Our data suggest that genetic background should be taken into consideration when evaluating the activities of TLR agonists for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
The relationship between facial bone wall defects and dimensional alterations of the ridge following flapless tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Chen Stephen T. , Darby Ivan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the relationship between defects of the facial socket wall at extraction and dimensional changes 8 weeks later in maxillary central and lateral incisor sockets.Materials and methodsA total of 34 consecutive patients requiring single tooth implants in the anterior maxilla (27 central and 7 lateral incisors) were evaluated. Orofacial external ridge, bone dimensions and the location of the socket bone crest were measured at extraction and again 8.5 ± 2.91 weeks later. The status of the facial bone wall was recorded at the same time points.ResultsAt extraction, 16 of 34 sites (47%) had intact facial bone. There were fenestration defects at 9 of 34 sites (26.5%) and dehiscence defects at 9 of 34 sites (26.5%). A significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the external orofacial ridge dimension occurred (mesial 1.4 ± 1.30 mm or 12.1%, facial 2.5 ± 1.46 mm or 22.2%, distal 1.1 ± 0.83 mm or 10.5%), with greatest change at dehiscence (3.3 ± 1.80 mm or 28.4%) and fenestration sites (2.8 ± 1.40 mm or 24.9%). A significant reduction in orofacial bone dimension occurred (mesial 0.8 ± 0.80 mm or 9.3%, P < 0.001; facial 1.2 ± 1.03 mm or 18.3%, P < 0.001; distal 0.4 ± 0.65 mm or 5.5%, P < 0.01). Vertical resorption of the bone crest was most marked at the mid‐facial aspect (1.4 ± 1.94 mm, P < 0.001). Initial fenestration defect sites demonstrated the greatest vertical dimensional change (2.9 ± 2.67 mm; P = 0.008). Of 16 sites with initially intact facial bone, 9 sites (56.3%) developed dehiscence defects after 8 weeks. Of the 9 initial sites with fenestration defects, 5 (55.6%) turned into dehiscence defects. All 9 sites with initial dehiscence defects healed with persistence of the dehiscence.ConclusionsEight weeks after flapless extraction of maxillary central and lateral incisors, a reduction in the orofacial dimensions of the ridge was observed due to resorption of the facial bone of the socket. Tooth type (maxillary central incisor) and thin tissue phenotype significantly influenced the outcomes. The dimensional alterations were most pronounced at sites that initially had fenestration and dehiscence defects of the facial bone.
Decontamination of titanium implants using physical methods
Authors: Al‐Hashedi Ashwaq A. , Laurenti Marco , Benhamou Veronique , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesCurrent decontamination methods of titanium (Ti) implant present limited success in achieving predictable re‐osseointegration. We hypothesized that even though these techniques could be useful in elimination of bacteria, they might be unsuccessful in removing organic contaminants and restoring the original surface composition. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four decontamination methods on the surface chemistry and bacterial load of biofilm‐contaminated implant surfaces in order to improve implant surface decontamination.Material and methodsThe ability of clinically available methods such as metal and plastic curettes, Ti brushes and Er: YAG laser to decontaminate Ti implant surfaces was assessed. Surface morphology, chemical composition and properties of machined Ti discs (Ø 5.0 and 1.0 mm thick) were analysed before and after oral biofilm contamination using scanning electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence and viability of bacteria were evaluated with live–dead assays.ResultsBiofilm contamination created an organic layer rich in hydrocarbons and bacteria that covered entirely the Ti surfaces. This organic layer has tightly adhered to Ti surfaces and could not be completely removed with any of the methods assessed. Ti brushes achieved greater elimination of organic contaminants and bacteria than curettes and Er: YAG laser; however, none of them was able to restore the original surface chemistry. Alternatively, Er: YAG laser‐treated surfaces showed the lowest live‐to‐dead bacterial ratio.ConclusionsTi brushes were more effective than curettes (metal or plastic) and Er: YAG laser in decontaminating Ti implant surfaces, although none of these techniques was able to completely eliminate surface contamination. Er: YAG laser was more effective than curettes and Ti brushes in killing the biofilm bacteria.
Histopathological comparative analysis of periimplant bone inflammatory response after dental implant insertion using flap and flapless surgical technique. An experimental study in pigs
Authors: Vlahović Zoran , Marković Aleksa , Lazić Zoran , Šćepanović Miodrag , Đinić Ana , Kalanović Milena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate by histopathological analysis the peri‐implant bone inflammation degree, in certain time intervals (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), following mini‐incision flapless and flap implant placement.Material and methodsThe experiment was conducted on four domestic pigs. Nine weeks prior to implant insertion, second and third mandibular premolars were extracted. Each animal received six implants in lower jaw. On one randomly chosen side of jaw flapless technique using mini‐incision was performed, while on the other side implants were inserted after flap raising. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, the experimental animals were sacrificed. Following mandibular resection and decalcification, the samples for histopathological analysis of the peri‐implant bone were obtained in the empty implant bed area, from the buccal side of the mandible, adjacent to implant neck region and parallel to crestal edge of implant bed. The degree of inflammatory response of the peri‐implant bone was estimated through ordinal scores from 0 to 2.ResultsSeven days after the surgery all samples in the flap group had score 2 indicating high inflammation degree, in contrast to lower inflammatory reaction in flapless group. On the 14th and 21st postoperative day decreasing of inflammation degree was noted in all samples of the flapless group (score 1), while in flap group samples presented scores 1 and 2. Twenty‐eight days after the implant placement, further reduction of inflammation in the flapless group (33% of samples had score 0) was observed.ConclusionFlapless technique in comparison to conventional flap procedure minimizes postoperative bone inflammatory reactions.