bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High wettability of liquid caesium iodine with solid uranium dioxide
Authors: Kurosaki Ken , Suzuki Masanori , Uno Masayoshi , Ishii Hiroto , Kumagai Masaya , Anada Keito , Murakami Yukihiro , Ohishi Yuji , Muta Hiroaki , Tanaka Toshihiro , Yamanaka Shinsuke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn March 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused nuclear fuel to melt and the release of high-volatility fission products into the environment. Caesium and iodine caused environmental contamination and public exposure. Certain fission-product behaviours remain unclear. We found experimentally that liquid CsI disperses extremely favourably toward solid UO2, exhibiting a contact angle approaching zero. We further observed the presence of CsI several tens of micrometres below the surface of the solid UO2 sample, which would be caused by the infiltration of pores network by liquid CsI. Thus, volatile fission products released from molten nuclear fuels with complex internal composition and external structure migrate or evaporate to varying extents, depending on the nature of the solid–liquid interface and the fuel material surface, which becomes the pathway for the released fission products. Introducing the concept of the wettability of liquid chemical species of fission products in contact with solid fuels enabled developing accurate behavioural assessments of volatile fission products released by nuclear fuel.
MicroRNA pharmacogenomics based integrated model of miR-17-92 cluster in sorafenib resistant HCC cells reveals a strategy to forestall drug resistance
Authors: Awan Faryal Mehwish , Naz Anam , Obaid Ayesha , Ikram Aqsa , Ali Amjad , Ahmad Jamil , Naveed Abdul Khaliq , Janjua Hussnain Ahmed 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmong solid tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emerges as a prototypical therapy-resistant tumor. Considering the emerging sorafenib resistance crisis in HCC, future studies are urgently required to overcome resistance. Recently noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators in signalling pathways involved in cancer drug resistance and pharmacologically targeting these ncRNAs might be a novel stratagem to reverse drug resistance. In the current study, using a hybrid Petri net based computational model, we have investigated the harmonious effect of miR-17-92 cluster inhibitors/mimics and circular RNAs on sorafenib resistant HCC cells in order to explore potential resistance mechanisms and to identify putative targets for sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. An integrated model was developed that incorporates seven miRNAs belonging to miR-17-92 cluster (hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-18a, hsa-miR-20a and hsa-miR-92) and crosstalk of two signaling pathways (EGFR and IL-6) that are differentially regulated by these miRNAs. The mechanistic connection was proposed by the correlation between members belonging to miR-17-92 cluster and corresponding changes in the protein levels of their targets in HCC, specifically those targets that have verified importance in sorafenib resistance. Current findings uncovered potential pathway features, underlining the significance of developing modulators of this cluster to combat drug resistance in HCC.
Praktikum in einer psychiatrischen Klinik zur beruflichen
Orientierung von Schülern
Authors: Schaub Annette , Mueser Kim , Schmidt Ann-Kathrin , Koller Gabriele , Falkai Peter 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDiese Pilotstudie untersucht die Einführung von Praktika mit Psychoedukation für
Schüler in der Psychiatrie, um diese über Berufe in der Psychiatrie zu
informieren. 29 Jugendliche im Alter von 16–21 Jahren nahmen an einem Praktikum
zur beruflichen Orientierung an der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München von 2013–2016 teil. Das auf 1–2
Wochen angelegte Konzept informiert über Arbeitsgebiete von Psychologen und
Ärzten. Die durchschnittlichen Leistungen der Schüler lag bei M = 2,75,
SD = 0,64 und sie waren motiviert. Am Ende des Praktikums reduzierten sich
Kontaktängste. Das Wissen über Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie nahm zu. 59 % der
Teilnehmer berichteten, Medizin oder Psychologie studieren zu wollen. Alle
Schüler gaben an, mit dem Praktikum zufrieden zu sein. Der Kontakt mit den
Patienten und dem klinischen Personal kann dazu beitragen, dass Wissen und
Verständnis zunehmen sowie Ängste und negative Vorurteile abnehmen.
Structural Variability Across the Primate Brain: A Cross-Species Comparison
Authors: Croxson Paula L , Forkel Stephanie J , Cerliani Leonardo , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA large amount of variability exists across human brains; revealed initially on a small scale by postmortem studies and, more recently, on a larger scale with the advent of neuroimaging. Here we compared structural variability between human and macaque monkey brains using grey and white matter magnetic resonance imaging measures. The monkey brain was overall structurally as variable as the human brain, but variability had a distinct distribution pattern, with some key areas showing high variability. We also report the first evidence of a relationship between anatomical variability and evolutionary expansion in the primate brain. This suggests a relationship between variability and stability, where areas of low variability may have evolved less recently and have more stability, while areas of high variability may have evolved more recently and be less similar across individuals. We showed specific differences between the species in key areas, including the amount of hemispheric asymmetry in variability, which was left-lateralized in the human brain across several phylogenetically recent regions. This suggests that cerebral variability may be another useful measure for comparison between species and may add another dimension to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.
Disease screening and prevention for transgender and gender-diverse adults
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth , Rizzolo Denise 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Primary care clinicians have an important role in the health and wellness of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults and need to know best practices of health maintenance and disease prevention interventions. This article focuses on how exogenous use of sex steroids provided as hormone therapy and gender-affirming procedures affect screening and prevention. Hormone therapy can affect the heart, liver, lipids, bones, brain, skin, and reproductive organs; likewise, behaviors and gender-affirming procedures may alter the risks, prevalence, and screening techniques of sexually transmitted infections. Where applicable, modifications accounting for those differences should be incorporated into the primary care of TGD adults.
Assessing the Relationship Between the Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential and Speech Recognition Abilities in Bilateral Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Schvartz-Leyzac Kara C. , Pfingst Bryan E. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:The primary objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between suprathreshold electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) measures and speech recognition abilities in bilateral cochlear implant listeners. We tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of ear differences in ECAP measures within a subject (right–left) could predict the difference in speech recognition performance abilities between that subject’s ears (right–left).Design:To better control for across-subject variables that contribute to speech understanding, the present study used a within-subject design. Subjects were 10 bilaterally implanted adult cochlear implant recipients. We measured ECAP amplitudes and slopes of the amplitude growth function in both ears for each subject. We examined how each of these measures changed when increasing the interphase gap of the biphasic pulses. Previous animal studies have shown correlations between these ECAP measures and auditory nerve survival. Speech recognition measures included speech reception thresholds for sentences in background noise, as well as phoneme discrimination in quiet and in noise.Results:Results showed that the between-ear difference (right–left) of one specific ECAP measure (increase in amplitude growth function slope as the interphase gap increased from 7 to 30 µs) was significantly related to the between-ear difference (right–left) in speech recognition. Frequency-specific response patterns for ECAP data and consonant transmission cues support the hypothesis that this particular ECAP measure may represent localized functional acuity.Conclusions:The results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that when using a well-controlled research design, there is evidence that underlying neural function is related to postoperative performance with a cochlear implant.
Surgeon Reimbursement Relative to Hospital Payments for Spinal Fusion
Authors: Jain Nikhil , Phillips Frank M. , Shimer Adam L. , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective, economic analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in hospital charge and payment adjusted to corresponding surgeon charge and payment for cervical and lumbar fusions in a Medicare sample population from 2005 to 2014.

Summary of Background Data.
Previous studies have reported trends and variation in hospital charges and payments for spinal fusion, but none have incorporated surgeon data in analysis. Knowledge of the fiscal relationship between hospitals and surgeons over time will be important for stakeholders as we move toward bundled payments.

Methods.
A 5% Medicare sample was used to capture hospital and surgeon charges and payments related to cervical and lumbar fusion for degenerative disease between 2005 and 2014. We defined hospital charge multiplier (CM) as the ratio of hospital/surgeon charge. Similarly, the hospital/surgeon payment ratio was defined as hospital payment multiplier (PM). The year-wise and regional trend in patient profile, length of stay, discharge disposition, CM, and PM were studied for all fusion approaches separately.

Results.
A total of 40,965 patients, stratified as 15,854 cervical and 25,111 lumbar fusions, were included. The hospital had successively higher charges and payments relative to the surgeon from 2005 to 2014 for all fusions with an inverse relation to hospital length of stay. Increasing complexity of fusion such as for anterior-posterior cervical fusion had higher hospital reimbursements per dollar earned by the surgeon. There was regional variation in how much the hospital charged and received per surgeon dollar.

Conclusion.
Hospital charge and payment relative to surgeon had an increasing trend despite a decreasing length of stay for all fusions. Although the hospital can receive higher payments for higher-risk patients, this risk is not reflected proportionally in surgeon payments. The shift toward value-based care with shared responsibility for outcomes and cost will likely rely on better aligning incentives between hospital and providers.

Level of Evidence: 3
Potential Impact of Amantadine on Aggression in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hammond Flora M. , Malec James F. , Zafonte Ross D. , Sherer Mark , Bogner Jennifer , Dikmen Sureyya , Whitney Marybeth P. , Bell Kathleen R. , Perkins Susan M. , Moser Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To assess the effects of amantadine on anger and aggression among individuals with a chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods:
A cohort of 118 persons with chronic TBI (>6 months postinjury) and moderate-severe aggression selected from a larger cohort of 168 participants enrolled in a parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of amantadine 100 mg twice daily (n = 82) versus placebo (n = 86) for treatment of irritability were studied. Anger and aggression were measured at treatment days 0, 28, and 60 using observer-rated and participant-rated State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Agitation/Aggression domain (NPI-A) Most Problematic and Distress scores.

Results:
Participant-rated day 60 NPI-A Most Problematic (adjusted P = .0118) and NPI-A Distress (adjusted P = .0118) were statistically significant between the 2 groups, but STAXI-2 differences were not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Substantial improvements were noted in both amantadine and placebo groups (70% vs 56% improving at least 3 points on day 60 Observer NPI-A; P = .11).

Conclusion:
Amantadine 100 mg twice daily in this population with chronic TBI appears to be beneficial in decreasing aggression from the perspective of the individual with TBI. No beneficial impact on anger was found.

Trial Registration:

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00779324; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00779324?term=irritability&rank=6.
Bivalent ligand that activates mu opioid receptor and antagonizes mGluR5 receptor reduces neuropathic pain in mice
Authors: Peterson Cristina D. , Kitto Kelley F. , Akgün Eyup , Lunzer Mary M. , Riedl Maureen S. , Vulchanova Lucy , Wilcox George L. , Portoghese Philip S. , Fairbanks Carolyn A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The mu opioid receptor (MOR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are well-established pharmacological targets in the management of chronic pain. Both receptors are expressed in the spinal cord. MMG22, a bivalent ligand containing 2 pharmacophores separated by 22 atoms, which simultaneously activates MOR and antagonizes mGluR5, has been shown to produce potent reversal of tactile hypersensitivity in rodent models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-and bone cancer–induced chronic pain. This study assessed whether intrathecal MMG22 also is effective in reducing pain of neuropathic origin. Furthermore, we theorized that MMG22 should reduce hyperalgesia in nerve-injured mice in a manner consistent with a synergistic interaction between MOR and mGluR5. Several weeks after spared nerve injury, tactile hypersensitivity was reversed in mice by the intrathecal injection of MMG22 (0.01-10 nmol) but also by its shorter spacer analog, MMG10, with similar potency. The potencies of the bivalent ligands were 10- to 14-fold higher than those of the compounds upon which the bivalent structure was based, the MOR agonist oxymorphone and the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP. Coadministration of oxymorphone and MPEP demonstrated analgesic synergism, an interaction confirmed by isobolographic analysis. This study indicates that in the spared nerve injury–induced model of neuropathic pain, the 2 pharmacophores of the bivalent ligands MMG22 and MMG10 target MOR and mGluR5 as separate receptor monomers. The observed increase in the potency of MMG22 and MMG10, compared with oxymorphone and MPEP, may reflect the synergistic interaction of the 2 pharmacophores of the bivalent ligand acting at their respective separate receptor monomers.
Photosensitization of TRPA1 and TRPV1 by 7-dehydrocholesterol: implications for the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Authors: Babes Alexandru , Ciotu Cosmin I. , Hoffmann Tal , Kichko Tatjana I. , Selescu Tudor , Neacsu Cristian , Sauer Susanne K. , Reeh Peter W. , Fischer Michael J.M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase are responsible for the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, in which 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) levels are markedly increased in the plasma and tissues of patients. This increase in 7-DHC is probably associated with the painful and itchy photosensitivity reported by the majority of patients with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome. To identify the molecular targets involved in the activation and photosensitization of primary afferents by 7-DHC, we focused on TRPA1 and TRPV1, two ion channels expressed in nociceptive nerve endings and previously shown to respond to ultraviolet and visible light under pathophysiological circumstances. Recombinant human TRPA1 is activated and photosensitized in the presence of 7-DHC. Prolonged preexposure to 7-DHC causes more pronounced photosensitization, and while TRPV1 contributes less to the acute effect, it too becomes highly photosensitive upon preincubation with 7-DHC for 1 to 15 hours. Dorsal root ganglion neurons in primary culture display acute sensitivity to 7-DHC in the dark and also light-evoked responses in the presence of 7-DHC, which are exclusively dependent on TRPA1 and TRPV1. Similarly, prolonged exposure of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons to 7-DHC renders these cells photosensitive in a largely TRPA1- and TRPV1-dependent manner. Single-fiber recordings in mouse skin–nerve preparations demonstrate violet light-evoked activation and a sensitization to 7-DHC exposure. Vice versa, 7-DHC pretreatment of the isolated trachea leads to a TRPA1- and TRPV1-dependent increase of the light-induced calcitonin gene–related peptide release. Taken together, our results implicate TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels as potential pharmacological targets to address the 7-DHC–induced hypersensitivity to light in patients.
The Effect of Dextromethorphan Premedication on Cough and Patient Tolerance During Flexible Bronchoscopy
Authors: Amini Shahideh , Peiman Soheil , Khatuni Mahdi , Ghalamkari Marziyeh , Rahimi Besharat 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Patients undergoing bronchoscopy can experience problems such as anxiety and cough, requiring various doses of sedatives and analgesics. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of premedication with dextromethorphan on patients’ cough and anxiety, and the use of analgesics/sedatives during flexible bronchoscopy (FB).

Methods:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study was performed to assess the effect of dextromethorphan premedication on patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy. Seventy patients included in this study were randomly allocated into 2 groups: group A consisted of 35 patients who received dextromethorphan before FB; and group B consisted of 35 patients who received a placebo. A questionnaire was given to the patients and bronchoscopist about perception of cough, anxiety, and discomfort. The amount of sedative medication and lidocaine use during the procedure and the procedure time were recorded.

Results:
The group that was premedicated with dextromethorphan had lower complaint scores, significantly less coughing, significantly less stress assessed by the patient and the physician evaluation, shorter total procedure time, and fewer midazolam requirements during FB (P-value <0.05).

Conclusion:
Considering its safety profile, dextromethorphan premedication is an effective approach to facilitate the performance of FB for the physician, and could improve patient comfort.
Diagnostic Value of PCT and CRP for Detecting Serious Bacterial Infections in Patients With Fever of Unknown Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Lan , Shi Qiuping , Shi Miao , Liu Ruixia , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2017

Background:
It is vital to recognize the cause of an infection to enable earlier treatment. Studies have shown that procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have very high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing serious bacterial infections (SBIs), with PCT performing better than CRP.

Methods:
Multiple databases were searched for relevant studies, and full-text articles involving diagnosis with PCT and CRP were reviewed. All meta-analyses were conducted with Review Manager 5.0. Sensitivity and bias analyses were performed to evaluate the quality of articles. In addition, a funnel plot and Egger test were used to assess possible publication bias.

Result:
A total of 17 articles met the criteria for inclusion. The concentrations of both PCT and CRP were higher in the SBI group than in the nonbacterial infection group. Sensitivity for differentiating bacterial infections from nonbacterial infections was higher for PCT compared with CRP, whereas there was no significant difference in specificity. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve for PCT was larger than that for CRP.

Conclusion:
Both PCT and CRP are useful markers and should be used to evaluate SBIs with fever of unknown origin.
A Volumetric and Craniometric Analysis of Cranial Base Differences in Unicoronal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Mazzaferro Daniel M. , Wes Ari M. , Naran Sanjay , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The authors hypothesized that patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis (UCS) have deviation of the vault, cranial base, and face resulting in significant differences in skull base morphology and segmental cranial vault volume relative to nonaffected controls.

Methods:
Unicoronal craniosynostosis patients were collected from the authors’ IRB-approved, prospective, craniofacial registry; controls were from a trauma registry. Mimics software was used to compare those with UCS to controls for a series of standardized craniometric angles and distances. A segmented volumetric analysis of anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae was performed, as well.

Results:
The study included 18 patients with UCS and 19 controls. Nearly all angles measured were statistically different in UCS versus controls. Overall cranial vault volume did not differ between UCS and controls (P = 0.250). Three volumetric ratios comparing the synostosed side to the contralateral were significantly less than controls: anterior (0.44 ± 0.03 versus 0.5 ± 0.01, P < 0.001), middle (0.45 ± 0.02 versus 0.5 ± 0.02, P < 0.001), posterior (0.46 ± 0.02 versus 0.50 ± 0.02, P < 0.001). The ratio of total middle volume to total cranial volume was larger in UCS patients versus controls, but the posterior ratio was smaller: anterior (0.13 ± 0.02 versus 0.12 ± 0.02, P = 0.545), middle (0.50 ± 0.05 versus 0.42 ± 0.04, P = 0.001), posterior (0.37 ± 0.05 versus 0.45 ± 0.03, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study provides quantitative evidence of the degree of angulation and torsion of the cranial base in UCS and its profound effect on volumetric differences in the cranial vault, with significant restriction on the synostosed side and compensatory expansion on the nonsynostosed side. Future work will focus on the effects of volumetric differences on cerebral architecture and postoperative volumetric changes.