bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspended sediment projections in Apalachicola Bay in response to altered river flow and sediment loads under climate change and sea level rise
Authors: Huang Wenrui , Hagen Scott C. , Wang Dingbao , Hovenga Paige A. , Teng Fei , Weishampel John F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSuspended sediments, or total suspended solids (TSS), are an important factor for oyster habitat. While high concentrations of suspended sediments can cause a reduction of oyster density, some level of suspended sediment is required to supply oysters with necessary nutrients. In this study, characteristics of TSS variations in response to sea level rise (SLR) at two oyster reefs in Apalachicola Bay are investigated by coupled estuarine hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling. A storm event in 1993 and a year‐long period in 2010 under recent sea level conditions are selected as the baseline conditions. Scenarios of river flow and sediment loads under SLR and climate change are obtained by downscaled global climate modeling. Compared to the baseline conditions, simulations of TSS indicate that predicted SLR yields a substantial decrease in TSS near the two oyster reefs. However, TSS levels differed at the two study locations. TSS changes by SLR revealed minimal impact on oyster habitat at the Dry Bar site (to the west of the mouth of the Apalachicola River) but are projected to have a significant impact at the Cat Point site (to the east of the Apalachicola River). At Cat Point, because SLR causes the increase of salt water intrusion from the Gulf through a large tidal inlet (East Pass), maximum sediment concentration is near zero for 0.2‐m SLR and equal to zero for 0.5‐ and 1.2‐m SLR. Therefore, SLR may result in a substantial loss of nutrients from suspended sediment in the oyster reef at Cat Point.
Sources and turnover of organic carbon and methane in fjord and shelf sediments off northern Norway
Authors: Sauer Simone , Hong Wei‐Li , Knies Jochen , Lepland Aivo , Forwick Matthias , Klug Martin , Eichinger Florian , Baranwal Soma , Crémière Antoine , Chand Shyam , Schubert Carsten J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo better understand the present and past carbon cycling and transformation processes in methane‐influenced fjord and shelf areas of northern Norway, we compared two sediment cores from the Hola trough and from Ullsfjorden. We investigated (1) the organic matter composition and sedimentological characteristics to study the sources of organic carbon (Corg) and the factors influencing Corg burial, (2) pore water geochemistry to determine the contribution of organoclastic sulfate reduction and methanogenesis to total organic carbon turnover, and (3) the carbon isotopic signature of hydrocarbons to identify the carbon transformation processes and gas sources. High sedimentation and Corg accumulation rates in Ullsfjorden support the notion that fjords are important Corg sinks. The depth of the sulfate‐methane‐transition (SMT) in the fjord is controlled by the supply of predominantly marine organic matter to the sediment. Organoclastic sulfate reduction accounts for 60% of the total depth‐integrated sulfate reduction in the fjord. In spite of the presence of ethane, propane, and butane, we suggest a purely microbial origin of light hydrocarbons in the sediments based on their low δ13C values. In the Hola trough, sedimentation and Corg accumulation rates changed during the deglacial‐to‐post‐glacial transition from approximately 80 cm ka−1 to erosion at present. Thus, Corg burial in this part of the shelf is presently absent. Low organic matter content in the sediment and low rates of organoclastic sulfate reduction (only 3% of total depth‐integrated sulfate reduction) entail that the shallow depth of the SMT is controlled mostly by ascending thermogenic methane from deeper sources.
Nontrivial clustering of microseismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Maghsoudi Samira , Eaton David W. , Davidsen Jörn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor induced microseismicity associated with hydraulic fracturing, the frequency‐magnitude distribution is typically characterized by a falloff with increasing magnitude that is significantly faster than for seismicity along active fault systems. This characteristic may arise from a break in scale invariance, possibly due to mechanical layering that typifies fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in many shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. The latter would imply the presence of spatiotemporal magnitude correlations. Using three microseismic catalogs for well stimulations in widely separated locations with varying hydraulic‐fracturing methods, we show that events with similar magnitudes indeed tend to cluster in space and time. In addition, we show that the interevent time distribution can be described by a universal functional form characterized by two power laws. One exponent can be related to the presence of interevent triggering as in aftershock sequences and is a consequence of the Omori‐Utsu law. The other one is a reflection of the intrinsic spatial variation in the microseismic response rates. Taken together, these features are indicative of nontrivial spatiotemporal clustering of induced microseismicity and, hence, of direct relevance for time‐dependent seismic hazard assessment.
The structure and process of workers’ compensation systems and the role of doctors: A comparison of Ontario and Québec
Authors: Lippel Katherine , Eakin Joan M. , Holness D. Linn , Howse Dana 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThis study sought to identify impacts of compensation system characteristics on doctors in Québec and Ontario.Methods(i) Legal analysis; (ii) Qualitative methods applied to documentation and individual and group interviews with doctors (34) and other system participants (31); and (iii) Inter‐jurisdictional transdisciplinary analysis involving cross‐disciplinary comparative and integrative analysis of policy contexts, qualitative data, and the relationship between the two.ResultsIn both jurisdictions the compensation board controlled decisions on work‐relatedness and doctors perceived the bureaucratic process negatively. Gatekeeping roles differed between jurisdictions both in initial adjudication and in dispute processes. Québec legislation gives greater weight to the opinion of the treating physician. These differences affected doctors’ experiences.ConclusionsPolicy‐makers should contextualize the sources of the “evidence” they rely on from intervention research because findings may reflect a system rather than an intervention effect. Researchers should consider policy contexts to both adequately design a study and interpret their results. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1070–1086, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Cleavage by a Thorium‐NHC‐bpy Complex
Authors: Garner Mary E. , Hohloch Stephan , Maron Laurent , Arnold John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractActinide complexes demonstrate unparalleled reactivity towards small molecules. However, utilizing these powerful transformations in a predictable and deliberate manner remains challenging. Therefore, developing actinide systems that not only perform noteworthy chemistry but also demonstrate controllable reactivity is a key goal. We describe a bis(NHC)borate thorium‐bpy complex (1) that is capable of reductively cleaving the R−NC bond in a series of organic isocyanides. In contrast to most actinide‐mediated bond activations, the dealkylation event mediated by 1 is remarkably general and yields very well‐defined products that assist in mechanistic elucidation. Synthesis of the rearranged but‐3‐enyl product from the reaction of 1 and cyclopropylmethyl isocyanide supports the notion of a radical‐based mechanism.
Green tea polyphenols require the mitochondrial iron transporter, mitoferrin, for lifespan extension in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lopez Terry E. , Pham Hoang M. , Nguyen Benjamin V. , Tahmasian Yerazik , Ramsden Shannon , Coskun Volkan , Schriner Samuel E. , Jafari Mahtab 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGreen tea has been found to increase the lifespan of various experimental animal models including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. High in polyphenolic content, green tea has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in part by its ability to bind free iron, a micronutrient that is both essential for and toxic to all living organisms. Due to green tea's iron‐binding properties, we questioned whether green tea acts to increase the lifespan of the fruit fly by modulating iron regulators, specifically, mitoferrin, a mitochondrial iron transporter, and transferrin, found in the hemolymph of flies. Publicly available hypomorph mutants for these iron regulators were utilized to investigate the effect of green tea on lifespan and fertility. We identified that green tea could not increase the lifespan of mitoferrin mutants but did rescue the reduced male fertility phenotype. The effect of green tea on transferrin mutant lifespan and fertility were comparable to w1118 flies, as observed in our previous studies, in which green tea increased male fly lifespan and reduced male fertility. Expression levels in both w1118 flies and mutant flies, supplemented with green tea, showed an upregulation of mitoferrin but not transferrin. Total body and mitochondrial iron levels were significantly reduced by green tea supplementation in w1118 and mitoferrin mutants but not transferrin mutant flies. Our results demonstrate that green tea may act to increase the lifespan of Drosophila in part by the regulation of mitoferrin and reduction of mitochondrial iron.
Entwicklung eines neuartigen Konzeptes zur In‐situ‐Messung von g‐Werten an komplexen Verglasungssystemen
Authors: Hauer Martin , Pfluger Rainer 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDer Beitrag beschreibt Konzept und Funktionsweise eines neuartigen Messverfahrens zur In‐situ‐Bestimmung des Gesamtenergiedurchlassgrades (g‐Wert) von komplexen Verglasungssystemen mit integrierten Lamellensystemen. Die Vorteile dieses Messprinzips gegenüber einer stationären Vermessung unter konstanten Einstrahlbedingungen liegen vor allem in der besseren Abbildung des realen Betriebs. Die praktische und mobile Anwendbarkeit vor Ort ist deshalb eines der Zielkriterien, welche bei der Entwicklung des Gerätes neben bestmöglicher Messgenauigkeit erreicht werden sollen. Neue Methoden für die Arbeit in der Qualitätssicherung im Baubereich oder in der Sanierung zur thermischen Analyse von Bestandsgebäuden stünden dadurch zur Verfügung. Ausgehend vom aktuellen Stand der Technik wird die neue Messmethodik erläutert. Die Arbeit zeigt in Form einer theoretischen Machbarkeitsstudie mittels theoretischer FE‐Wärmestromanalyse das Geräteverhalten auf und rundet mit Messergebnissen des ersten Prototyps ab.Development of a new concept for in‐situ g‐value measurement of complex glazing systems. The publication describes the concept and operation mode of a new measurement method for in‐situ determination of the total solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of complex glazing systems with integrated venetian blinds. The advantages of such measuring principle with respect to a stationary measurement under constant irradiation conditions are mainly determined by a better determination of the real operation. The development of a practical and mobile application on site is therefore one of the major objective criteria that will be achieved in addition to sufficient accuracy. New possibilities for quality assurance work in the construction sector or in thermal analysis on existing buildings for renovation purposes would thus be available. Based on the current state of the art, the new measurement methodology is explained. A simultaneous heat flow analysis on the design concept of the device gives insight in the system behavior and rounds with measurement results of a first prototype.
Einfluss von Erntefaktor und Dämmindex auf die aus gesamtenergetischer Sicht maximal sinnvolle Dämmdicke
Authors: Jochum Patrick 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie aktuelle Debatte um die “richtige” Dämmstoffdicke bei der Dämmung opaker Bauteile der thermischen Hülle von Gebäuden unterliegt unterschiedlichen Intentionen diverser Marktteilnehmer. Seit der Einführung der ersten Wärmeschutzverordnung bzw. der Energieeinsparverordnung wurde diese direkt oder indirekt definiert und gefordert. Betrachtet man allerdings die Langfristszenarien für den Gebäudebestand bis 2050, so wird sehr schnell deutlich, dass wir an die Grenzen der sinnvollen Dämmdicken stoßen. Es bedarf eines genaueren Blicks auf die Frage des Nutzens hoher Dämmdicken. Dies liegt zudem berechtigterweise im fundamentalen Interessenfokus der auf den Erhalt historischer Fassaden bedachten Architekten. In diesem Beitrag wird ein rechnerischer Ansatz vorgestellt, um die aus gesamtenergetischer Sicht maximal sinnvolle Dämmdicke zu bestimmen und damit den energetischen Nutzen von Dämmungen zu bilanzieren.How energy returned on energy invested and insulation index affect the maximum insulation thickness justified from an overall energy perspective. The current debate about the 'right' thickness for insulation on opaque elements of the building's thermal envelope involves various players on the market, with various agendas. Since Germany introduced the first Thermal Insulation Ordinance (WSVO) and since the Federal Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV), there have been either direct or indirect definitions and requirements for this thickness. Yet if we look at the long‐term scenarios for our building stock to 2050, it soon becomes apparent that we are reaching the upper limits of insulation thickness in terms of what is worthwhile. A more precise look is therefore required into the question of using thicker insulation. This will also understandably be of fundamental interest to architects concerned with conserving historic façades. The approach we applied was arithmetical, to determine the maximum thickness of insulation that is justifiable given the overall energy used, and therefore weigh up the energy benefits of insulation.
Comprehensive reconstruction and in silico analysis of Aspergillus niger genome‐scale metabolic network model that accounts for 1210 ORFs
Authors: Lu Hongzhong , Cao Weiqiang , Ouyang Liming , Xia Jianye , Huang Mingzhi , Chu Ju , Zhuang Yingping , Zhang Siliang , Noorman Henk 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAspergillus niger is one of the most important cell factories for industrial enzymes and organic acids production. A comprehensive genome‐scale metabolic network model (GSMM) with high quality is crucial for efficient strain improvement and process optimization. The lack of accurate reaction equations and gene‐protein‐reaction associations (GPRs) in the current best model of A. niger named GSMM iMA871, however, limits its application scope. To overcome these limitations, we updated the A. niger GSMM by combining the latest genome annotation and literature mining technology. Compared with iMA871, the number of reactions in iHL1210 was increased from 1,380 to 1,764, and the number of unique ORFs from 871 to 1,210. With the aid of our transcriptomics analysis, the existence of 63% ORFs and 68% reactions in iHL1210 can be verified when glucose was used as the only carbon source. Physiological data from chemostat cultivations, 13C‐labeled and molecular experiments from the published literature were further used to check the performance of iHL1210. The average correlation coefficients between the predicted fluxes and estimated fluxes from 13C‐labeling data were sufficiently high (above 0.89) and the prediction of cell growth on most of the reported carbon and nitrogen sources was consistent. Using the updated genome‐scale model, we evaluated gene essentiality on synthetic and yeast extract medium, as well as the effects of NADPH supply on glucoamylase production in A. niger. In summary, the new A. niger GSMM iHL1210 contains significant improvements with respect to the metabolic coverage and prediction performance, which paves the way for systematic metabolic engineering of A. niger. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 685–695. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Body mass index, weight change, and risk of second primary breast cancer in the WECARE study: influence of estrogen receptor status of the first breast cancer
Authors: Brooks Jennifer D. , John Esther M. , Mellemkjær Lene , Lynch Charles F. , Knight Julia A. , Malone Kathleen E. , Reiner Anne S. , Bernstein Leslie , Liang Xiaolin , Shore Roy E. , Stovall Marilyn ,   WECARE Study Collaborative Group, Bernstein Jonine L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStudies examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) have reported mixed findings. We previously showed that obese postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative breast cancer have a fivefold higher risk of CBC compared with normal weight women. In the current analysis, we reexamined this relationship in the expanded Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study, focusing on the impact of menopausal status and ER status of the first breast cancer. The WECARE Study is a population‐based case–control study of young women with CBC (cases, N = 1386) and with unilateral breast cancer (controls, N = 2045). Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the relationship between BMI and risk of CBC stratified by menopausal and ER status. Positive associations with obesity and weight gain were limited to women who became postmenopausal following their first primary breast cancer. Among those with an ER‐negative first breast cancer, obesity (vs. normal weight) at first diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of CBC (RR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.4). Also, weight gain of ≥10 kg after first diagnosis was associated with an almost twofold increased risk of CBC (RR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.8). These results suggest that women with an ER‐negative first primary cancer who are obese at first primary diagnosis or who experience a large weight gain afterward may benefit from heightened surveillance. Future studies are needed to address the impact of weight loss interventions on risk of CBC.
Air‐Blown Entrained‐Flow Gasification of Biocoal from Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Briesemeister Ludwig , Kremling Michael , Fendt Sebastian , Spliethoff Hartmut 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization was used to convert green waste into a high‐quality biocoal that was applied to an air‐blown entrained‐flow gasifier. Fuel‐specific operating parameters are required to achieve complete fuel conversion and operate the gasifier at high efficiency. Therefore, different air‐to‐fuel equivalence ratios and steam addition were applied to investigate effects on gasifier performance. Fuel and carbon conversion were determined by char‐particle analysis. The syngas composition and cold gas efficiencies were determined and the solid‐phase adsorption method was used for tar measurements. It was shown that owing to high conversion rates and comparably low tar loading, biocoal is very applicable for entrained‐flow gasification. Higher gas preheating temperatures would improve the process.
Boiler Design with Solid‐Gaseous Fuel Staging to Reduce NOx Emissions and Optimize Load Flexibility
Authors: Meiller Martin , Daschner Robert , Walberer Julian , Hornung Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStricter emission limits and low prices for fossil fuels are considerable challenges for biomass combustion technologies. Solutions are provided with an innovative boiler concept developed within the last years. Due to its design, the boiler can be operated in different modes as a combi‐boiler for solid and gaseous fuels. In the standard mode, solid biomass is used as fuel. Switching to the fuel staging mode enables the reduction of higher NOx emissions. The experiments demonstrate that reduction rates of up to 50 % are possible. In low load times or if it makes sense from an economic point of view, the boiler can also be operated with gas only. Mainly the results from combustion experiments in fuel staging mode are discussed. Based on these results, a model has been designed to develop a control unit and to support the upscaling process.
Integrated Electrostatic Precipitator for Small‐Scaled Biomass Boilers
Authors: Berhardt Alexander , Lezsovits Ferenc , Groß Bodo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWith the intention of developing an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for small‐scaled biomass boilers, several laboratory and field tests were carried out to transfer the theoretical design criteria and approaches into practice. The precipitator can be applied both, as a direct integrated version or as an adaptive precipitation box. Another main aim was the application of alternative fuels. The approaches, ESP design criteria, and the different setups which were used during the development are described. The obtained field test results for standard and alternative biomass fuels are discussed and compared to theory. In addition, physical and chemical analyses of the precipitated filter ashes were performed.
Rational Control of Conformational Distributions and Mixed‐Valence Characteristics in Diruthenium Complexes
Authors: Gluyas Josef B. G. , Gückel Simon , Kaupp Martin , Low Paul J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe electronic characteristics of mixed‐valence complexes are often inferred from the shape of the inter‐valence charge transfer (IVCT) band, which usually falls in the near infrared (NIR) region, and relationships derived from Marcus‐Hush theory. These analyses typically assume one single, dominant molecular conformation. The NIR spectra of the prototypical delocalised (Class III Robin–Day mixed‐valence) complexes [{Ru(pp)Cp’}2(μ‐C≡C−C≡C)]+ ([1]+: Cp’=Cp, pp=(PPh3)2; [2]+: Cp’=Cp, pp=dppe; [3]+: Cp’=Cp*, pp=dppe) feature a ‘two‐band’ pattern, which complicates band‐shape analysis using these traditional methods. In the past, the appearance of sub‐bands within or near the IVCT transition has been attributed to vibronic effects or localised d‐d transitions. Quantum‐chemical modelling of a series of rotational conformers of [1]+–[3]+ reveals the two components that contribute to the NIR absorption band envelope to be a π‐π* transition and an MLCT transition. The MLCT components only gain appreciable intensity when the orientation of the half‐sandwich ruthenium ligand spheres deviates from idealised cis (Ω P−Ru−Ru−P=0°) or trans (Ω P−Ru−Ru−P=180°) conformations. The increased steric demand of the supporting ligands, together with some underlying inter‐phosphine ligand T‐shaped CH⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions across the series [1]+ to [2]+ to [3]+ results in local minima biased towards such non‐idealised conformations of the metal‐ligand fragments (Ω P−Ru−Ru−P=33–153°). Experimentally, this is indicated by appearance of multiple bands within the IR
(C≡C) band envelopes and increasing intensity of the higher‐energy MLCT transition(s) relative to the π‐π* transition across the series, and the appearance of a pronounced ‘two‐band’ pattern in the experimental NIR absorption envelopes. These conformational effects and the methods of analysis presented here, which combine analysis of IR and NIR spectra with quantum‐chemical calculations on a range of energetically similar conformational minima, are expected to be quite general for mixed‐valence systems.