bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging uncertainty information from deep neural networks for disease detection
Authors: Leibig Christian , Allken Vaneeda , Ayhan Murat Seçkin , Berens Philipp , Wahl Siegfried 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has revolutionized the field of computer vision and image processing. In medical imaging, algorithmic solutions based on DL have been shown to achieve high performance on tasks that previously required medical experts. However, DL-based solutions for disease detection have been proposed without methods to quantify and control their uncertainty in a decision. In contrast, a physician knows whether she is uncertain about a case and will consult more experienced colleagues if needed. Here we evaluate drop-out based Bayesian uncertainty measures for DL in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR) from fundus images and show that it captures uncertainty better than straightforward alternatives. Furthermore, we show that uncertainty informed decision referral can improve diagnostic performance. Experiments across different networks, tasks and datasets show robust generalization. Depending on network capacity and task/dataset difficulty, we surpass 85% sensitivity and 80% specificity as recommended by the NHS when referring 0−20% of the most uncertain decisions for further inspection. We analyse causes of uncertainty by relating intuitions from 2D visualizations to the high-dimensional image space. While uncertainty is sensitive to clinically relevant cases, sensitivity to unfamiliar data samples is task dependent, but can be rendered more robust.
Proposal for nanoscale cascaded plasmonic majority gates for non-Boolean computation
Authors: Dutta Sourav , Zografos Odysseas , Gurunarayanan Surya , Radu Iuliana , Soree Bart , Catthoor Francky , Naeemi Azad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSurface-plasmon-polariton waves propagating at the interface between a metal and a dielectric, hold the key to future high-bandwidth, dense on-chip integrated logic circuits overcoming the diffraction limitation of photonics. While recent advances in plasmonic logic have witnessed the demonstration of basic and universal logic gates, these CMOS oriented digital logic gates cannot fully utilize the expressive power of this novel technology. Here, we aim at unraveling the true potential of plasmonics by exploiting an enhanced native functionality - the majority voter. Contrary to the state-of-the-art plasmonic logic devices, we use the phase of the wave instead of the intensity as the state or computational variable. We propose and demonstrate, via numerical simulations, a comprehensive scheme for building a nanoscale cascadable plasmonic majority logic gate along with a novel referencing scheme that can directly translate the information encoded in the amplitude and phase of the wave into electric field intensity at the output. Our MIM-based 3-input majority gate displays a highly improved overall area of only 0.636 μm2 for a single-stage compared with previous works on plasmonic logic. The proposed device demonstrates non-Boolean computational capability and can find direct utility in highly parallel real-time signal processing applications like pattern recognition.
A Prospective Investigation of Body Size, Body Fat Composition and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Ortega Luisa Saldana , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Cross Amanda J. , Morris Jessica S. , Gunter Marc J. , Murphy Neil 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObesity has been consistently associated with a greater colorectal cancer risk, but this relationship is weaker among women. In the UK Biobank, we investigated the associations between body size (body mass index [BMI], height, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and body fat composition (total body fat percentage and trunk fat percentage) measurements with colorectal cancer risk among 472,526 men and women followed for 5.6 years on average. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for developing colorectal cancer (2,636 incident cases) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Among men, when the highest and lowest fifths were compared, BMI (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.13–1.61; Ptrend < 0.0001), waist circumference (HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.39–1.99; Ptrend < 0.0001), waist-to-hip ratio (HR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.31–1.91; Ptrend < 0.0001), total body fat percentage (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.06–1.53; Ptrend = 0.002), and trunk fat percentage (HR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09–1.58; Ptrend = 0.002) were associated with greater colorectal cancer risk. For women, only waist-to-hip ratio (HR for highest versus lowest fifth = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.08–1.65; Ptrend = 0.005) was positively associated with colorectal cancer risk. Greater body size (overall and abdominal adiposity) was positively associated with colorectal cancer development in men. For women, abdominal adiposity, rather than overall body size, was associated with a greater colorectal cancer risk.
Comparative profiling of cortical gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease patients and mouse models demonstrates a link between amyloidosis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Castillo Erika , Leon Julio , Mazzei Guianfranco , Abolhassani Nona , Haruyama Naoki , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi , Hokama Masaaki , Iwaki Toru , Ohara Tomoyuki , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Kiyohara Yutaka , Sakumi Kunihiko , LaFerla Frank M. , Nakabeppu Yusaku 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles. Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to play an important role in the development and progression of AD. However, the extent to which these events contribute to the Aβ pathologies remains unclear. We performed inter-species comparative gene expression profiling between AD patient brains and theAppNL-G-F/NL-G-Fand 3xTg-AD-H mouse models. Genes commonly altered inAppNL-G-F/NL-G-Fand human AD cortices correlated with the inflammatory response or immunological disease. Among them, expression of AD-related genes (C4a/C4b,Cd74,Ctss,Gfap,Nfe2l2,Phyhd1,S100b,Tf,Tgfbr2, andVim) was increased in theAppNL-G-F/NL-G-Fcortex as Aβ amyloidosis progressed with exacerbated gliosis, while genes commonly altered in the 3xTg-AD-H and human AD cortices correlated with neurological disease. TheAppNL-G-F/NL-G-Fcortex also had altered expression of genes (Abi3,Apoe,Bin2,Cd33,Ctsc,Dock2,Fcer1g,Frmd6,Hck,Inpp5D,Ly86,Plcg2,Trem2,Tyrobp) defined as risk factors for AD by genome-wide association study or identified as genetic nodes in late-onset AD. These results suggest a strong correlation between cortical Aβ amyloidosis and the neuroinflammatory response and provide a better understanding of the involvement of gender effects in the development of AD.
A hippocampo-cerebellar centred network for the learning and execution of sequence-based navigation
Authors: Babayan Benedicte M. , Watilliaux Aurélie , Viejo Guillaume , Paradis Anne-Lise , Girard Benoît , Rondi-Reig Laure 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHow do we translate self-motion into goal-directed actions? Here we investigate the cognitive architecture underlying self-motion processing during exploration and goal-directed behaviour. The task, performed in an environment with limited and ambiguous external landmarks, constrained mice to use self-motion based information for sequence-based navigation. The post-behavioural analysis combined brain network characterization based on c-Fos imaging and graph theory analysis as well as computational modelling of the learning process. The study revealed a widespread network centred around the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia during the exploration phase, while a network dominated by hippocampal and cerebellar activity appeared to sustain sequence-based navigation. The learning process could be modelled by an algorithm combining memory of past actions and model-free reinforcement learning, which parameters pointed toward a central role of hippocampal and cerebellar structures for learning to translate self-motion into a sequence of goal-directed actions.
Hydrogen and nitrogen codoping of anatase TiO2 for efficiency enhancement in organic solar cells
Authors: Vasilopoulou Maria , Kelaidis Nikolaos , Polydorou Ermioni , Soultati Anastasia , Davazoglou Dimitris , Argitis Panagiotis , Papadimitropoulos Giorgos , Tsikritzis Dimitris , Kennou Stella , Auras Florian , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Christopoulos Stavros-Richard G. , Chroneos Alexander 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTiO2 has high chemical stability, strong catalytic activity and is an electron transport material in organic solar cells. However, the presence of trap states near the band edges of TiO2 arising from defects at grain boundaries significantly affects the efficiency of organic solar cells. To become an efficient electron transport material for organic photovoltaics and related devices, such as perovskite solar cells and photocatalytic devices, it is important to tailor its band edges via doping. Nitrogen p-type doping has attracted considerable attention in enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 under visible light irradiation while hydrogen n-type doping increases its electron conductivity. DFT calculations in TiO2 provide evidence that nitrogen and hydrogen can be incorporated in interstitial sites and possibly form NiHi, NiHO and NTiHi defects. The experimental results indicate that NiHi defects are most likely formed and these defects do not introduce deep level states. Furthermore, we show that the efficiency of P3HT:IC60BA-based organic photovoltaic devices is enhanced when using hydrogen-doping and nitrogen/hydrogen codoping of TiO2, both boosting the material n-type conductivity, with maximum power conversion efficiency reaching values of 6.51% and 6.58%, respectively, which are much higher than those of the cells with the as-deposited (4.87%) and nitrogen-doped TiO2 (4.46%).
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist suppresses neovascularization by reducing both vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 in corneal alkali burn
Authors: Arima Takeshi , Uchiyama Masaaki , Nakano Yuichiro , Nagasaka Shinya , Kang Dedong , Shimizu Akira , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigated the effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist ophthalmic solution in wound healing using a rat corneal alkali burn model. After instillation of a selective agonist of PPARα, fenofibrate, onto the burned cornea, PPARα-positive cells were observed in vascular endothelial cells, and there was upregulation of mRNA of PPARα in corneal stroma. Fenofibrate suppressed expression of neutrophils and macrophages during the early phase, and development of neovascularization and myofibroblast generation during the late phase. Fenofibrate reduced not only mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A but also angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. Furthermore, fenofibrate suppressed scar formation by reducing type III collagen expression. These data suggest that a PPARα agonist ophthalmic solution might be a new strategy for treating corneal wounds through not only anti-inflammatory effects but also by preventing neovascularization.
Coverage-dependent essential properties of halogenated graphene: A DFT study
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Duy Khanh , Glukhova Olga E. , Lin Ming-Fa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe significant halogenation effects on the essential properties of graphene are investigated by the first-principles method. The geometric structures, electronic properties, and magnetic configurations are greatly diversified under the various halogen adsorptions. Fluorination, with the strong multi-orbital chemical bondings, can create the buckled graphene structure, while the other halogenations do not change the planar s bonding in the presence of single-orbital hybridization. Electronic structures consist of the carbon-, adatom- and (carbon, adatom)-dominated energy bands. All halogenated graphenes belong to holedoped metals except that fluorinated systems are middle-gap semiconductors at sufficiently high concentration. Moreover, the metallic ferromagnetism is revealed in certain adatom distributions. The unusual hybridization-induced features are clearly evidenced in many van Hove singularities of density of states. The structure- and adatom-enriched essential properties are compared with the measured results, and potential applications are also discussed.
The Perception of Operational Sex Ratios by Voice
Authors: Neuhoff John G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdult sex ratios in a local environment are linked to a wide variety of reproductive behaviors in humans and other animals. When sex ratios are biased, the more numerous sex faces increased competition for mates and is more likely to yield to the sociosexual preferences of the less numerous sex. Despite widespread evidence of the relationship between sex ratios and behavior, we know little about whether or how sex ratios are encoded and perceived. In two experiments men and women showed perceived sex ratios that correlated with actual sex ratios after 1500 ms exposures to groups of simultaneous voices. However, men perceived more female voices than women did, and women perceived more male voices than men did. Women showed better accuracy than men, but only when sex ratios departed markedly from 50%. Increasing the number of simultaneous voices reduced accuracy, but only at extreme sex ratios. Talker age also significantly affected perceived sex ratios, suggesting that perceived operational sex ratios are adaptively linked to the reproductive viability of the local population. The results suggest that listeners automatically encode vocal sex ratio information and that perceived sex ratios are influenced by characteristics of the local population and characteristics of the listener.
Quantitative TEM imaging of the magnetostructural and phase transitions in FeRh thin film systems
Authors: Almeida Trevor P. , Temple Rowan , Massey Jamie , Fallon Kayla , McGrouther Damien , Moore Thomas , Marrows Christopher H. , McVitie Stephen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEqui-atomic FeRh is a very interesting material as it undergoes a magnetostructural transition from an antiferromagnetic (AF) to a ferromagnetic (FM) phase between 75–105 °C. Its ability to present phase co-existence separated by domain walls (DWs) above room temperature provides immense potential for exploitation of their DW motion in spintronic devices. To be able to effectively control the DWs associated with AF/FM coexistence in FeRh thin films we must fully understand the magnetostructural transition and thermomagnetic behaviour of DWs at a localised scale. Here we present a transmission electron microscopy investigation of the transition in planar FeRh thin-film samples by combining differential phase contrast (DPC) magnetic imaging with in situ heating. We perform quantitative measurements from individual DWs as a function of temperature, showing that FeRh on NiAl exhibits thermomagnetic behaviour consistent with the transition from AF to FM. DPC imaging of an FeRh sample with HF-etched substrate reveals a state of AF/FM co-existence and shows the transition from AF to FM regions proceeds via nucleation of small vortex structures, which then grow by combining with newly nucleated vortex states into larger complex magnetic domains, until it is in a fully-FM state.
Clinical and Immunological Effects of rhIL-2 Therapy in Eastern Chinese Patients with Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Tan Qi , Min Rui , Dai Guan-qun , Wang Yan-li , Nan Li , Yang Zhen , Xia Jun , Pan Shi-yang , Mao Huang , Xie Wei-ping , Wang Hong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is urgent to find an optimised therapy regimen for the control of MDR-TB globally. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiacy and safety of a combined regimen of rhIL-2 injection and standard chemotherapy within 18-month duration in a randomized controlled trial conducted in 14 centres in eastern China. From Jan. 2009 to July. 2016, 271 MDR-TB cases were enrolled and followed up in two groups, 142 cases in study group while 129 cases in control group. Clinical efficacy, safety and immune activity (Th1, Th17, Treg, IFN-γ, IL-17) among the two groups were evaluated and compared. After 24-month following up, cure rate in IL-2 group show higher than that in control group (56% VS 36%, P < 0.01). Rate of mycobacterium clearance (sputum negative) within 3 months was significantly higher in IL-2 group (74% VS 59%, P < 0.05) with no adverse events raised. Patients after rhIL-2 treatment showed increasing of Th1 populations and decreasing of Th17 and Regulatory T cells (Treg) populations, while levels of IL-17A, ROR-γt, and Foxp3 mRNA decreased and level of IFN-γ mRNA increased in PBMCs. Thus, rhIL-2 combined regimen within shorter duration achieved high conversion and success rates and improved Th1/Th17 immune responses, with no safety concerns emerging in MDR-TB patients.
Mosquitoes in urban green spaces: using an island biogeographic approach to identify drivers of species richness and composition
Authors: Medeiros-Sousa Antônio Ralph , Fernandes Aristides , Ceretti-Junior Walter , Wilke André Barreto Bruno , Marrelli Mauro Toledo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMosquitoes are well known for their epidemiological importance as vectors of a wide range of human pathogens. Despite the many studies on medically important species, little is known about the diversity patterns of these insects in urban green spaces, which serve as shelter and refuge for many native and invasive species. Here, we investigate drivers of mosquito richness and composition in nine urban parks in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Using the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, we tested predictive models for species richness and composition and performed nestedness analysis. We also investigated whether species loss tends to benefit vector mosquitoes. In the period 2011 to 2013, a total of 37,972 mosquitoes belonging to 73 species and 14 genera were collected. Our results suggest there is a species-area relationship, an increase in species similarity as richness is lost and a nested species composition pattern. Seven of the eight most commonly found species are considered vectors of human pathogens, suggesting a possible link between species loss and increased risk of pathogen transmission. Our data highlight the need for studies that seek to understand how species loss may affect the risk of infectious diseases in urban areas.
Revisiting medial preoptic area plasticity induced in male mice by sexual experience
Authors: Jean Arnaud , Bonnet Pauline , Liere Philippe , Mhaouty-Kodja Sakina , Hardin-Pouzet Helene 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSexual experience in male rodents, induced by a first exposure to a receptive female, improves efficiency of following copulations. In mice, the mechanisms supporting this improvement are poorly understood. We characterized molecular modifications of the mouse hypothalamic medial preoptic area (mPOA), the main integrative structure for male sexual behaviour, after a single mating event. This paradigm induced long-lasting behavioural improvements and mPOA morphological changes, evidenced by dendritic spine maturation and an increase in the acetylated and tri-methylated forms of histone H3. Ejaculation affected testosterone, progesterone and corticosterone levels in both naive and experienced mice, but sexual experience did not modify basal plasma or hypothalamic levels of steroids. In contrast to studies carried out in rats, no changes were observed, either in the nitrergic system, or in sex steroid receptor levels. However, levels of glutamate- and calcium-associated proteins, including PSD-95, calbindin and the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor, were increased in sexually experienced male mice. The Iba-1 microglial marker was up-regulated in these animals suggesting multicellular interactions induced within the mPOA by sexual experience. In conclusion, plasticity mechanisms induced by sexual experience differ between rat and mouse, even if in both cases they converge to potentiation of the mPOA network.
Terahertz band‐stop filter based on graphene cavity
Authors: Ze‐Jiang Zhao , Jiu‐Sheng Li 
Published: December 2017

In order to obtain ultra‐compact and ultra‐narrow bandstop performances, the work presents a terahertz filter based on graphene cavities, which consists of four graphene cavities and a graphene waveguide on SiO2/Si substrate. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, numerical simulation performed with the aid of the finite‐element method is used to evaluate the terahertz performance of the proposed device. The structure rejects the signals at the frequencies from 5.9978 to 6.002 THz with >20 dB suppression. The high‐Q band‐rejection terahertz wave filter with four graphene cavities provides of 1500. The dimensions of the presented terahertz wave band‐stop filter are of 22.5 μm × 18.0 μm. The high‐performance, compact‐size, and low‐cost filter is designed for reducing the interference in future terahertz systems.
Epidemiology and Estimated Cost of Brachial Plexus Surgeries Performed through the Unified Health System in Brazil (2008–2016)
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo José Silva de , Socolovsky Mariano , Araújo Mariana Mendes , Silva Mariana Oliveira , Mendes Mayallu Almeida , Costa Pedro Augusto , Santos Telma Soares 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Introduction The brachial plexus is responsible for the innervation of the upper extremity of the body. About 10 to 20% of the peripheral nerve lesions are brachial plexus lesions.
Objective To describe the epidemiology of the brachial plexus microsurgery with exploration and neurolysis (BPMEN) and the brachial plexus microsurgery with nerve graft (BPMNG) performed through the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym) from 2008 to 2016.
Methodology A descriptive epidemiological study whose data were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the SUS (Datasus, in the Portuguese acronym). The study consisted of all patients submitted to BPMEN (code: 0403020034) and to BPMNG (code: 0403020042).
Result/Discussion A total of 5,295 procedures were performed with an annual incidence of 2.94/1 million inhabitants. The hospital expenses of these 2 codes totaled R$ 4,492,603.88 (US$ 1,417,225.10). The BPMNG code presented an annual average of expenses with professional services of R$ 99,732.20 (US$ 31,461.26), and total expenses of R$ 897,589.83 (US$ 283,151.36). The amount transferred to the physician in this code in 2008 was R$ 294.56 (US$ 92.92), and currently it is R$ 441.84 (US$ 139.38). The BPMEN code presented an annual average of expenses of R$ 68,579.15 (US$ 21,633.80), with total expenses of R$ 617,212.40 (US$ 194,704.22). The amount transferred to the physician in this code in 2008 was R$ 153.44 (US$ 48.40), and currently it is R$ 230.16 (US$72.60). Both codes presented a lag in the transfer values to the physician that ranged from 16.55 to 17.64% when using the Brazilian national price index for the general consumer (IPCA, in the Portuguese acronym) as an inflation parameter during the period studied. The mean number of hospitalization days for these 2 codes was 3.79.
Conclusion The absence of deaths and the low rate of hospital stay confirm that the procedure is safe, with a low morbimortality rate. Both codes presented a lag in the transfer values to the physician at the end of the period.