bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice Water Weevil Control, California, 1990
Authors: Grigarick A. A. , Palrang A. T. , Hesler L. S. , Oraze M. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to compare control of RWW larvae (Experiment 1) or adults (Experiment 2) among insecticide treatments. Both tests were performed at the California Rice Experiment Station, Biggs, in 1990. Each experiment was a RCBD with 3 replications of 3 insecticide treatments and an untreated control. Treatments were applied to 0.94-m diam circular plots, each bounded by a 0.7-m tall aluminum sheet pushed 3-4 cm into the soil. Plots were established on Stockton adobe clay soil and were water-seeded at a rate of 140 kg/ha on 6 May. Stands were thinned to 50 plants per ring on 22 May. Water depth in the plots was maintained at 10 cm during the experiments. Insecticides were applied by hand-held granule dispenser. Furadan 5G was applied 2 d before seeding plots and lightly incorporated by rake into the soil. UAP 308 2G was applied on 1 Jun (Experiment 2) or 7 Jun (Experiment 1). Plots were infested naturally by RWW adults and by adding 25 field-collected parthenogenic adults per ring on 25 May (Experiment 1) or 1 Jun (Experiment 2). The 2 youngest unfurled leaves on each of 20 plants per plot were examined on 24 and 31 May (Experiment 1) and on 31 May and 4 and 7 June (Experiment 2) for scarring caused by adult RWW feeding. Ten 10-cm diam soil cores per plot (1 plant per core) were removed on 26-28 Jun (1 replication per experiment per day). Soil was washed from the roots and the number of immature RWW (larvae plus pupae) per core was recorded.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with NTN 33893, 1992
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and used RCBD with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Plot size was 14 ft × 10 ft. All plots were broadcast planted to a dry seed bed on 6 May at 120 lb seed per acre. Designated plots were sown with seed treated with NTN 33893 at 3 oz (AI)/cwt. Gustafson, Inc. treated the seed. Plots were cultipacked to help cover seed. Plots were flushed and drained as needed until application of the permanent flood on 3 Jun (21 d after rice emergence). Plots were fertilized at planting with urea at 140 lb N/acre. On 21 May plots were treated with propanil at 3 lb (AI)/acre, thiobencarb at 2 lb (AI)/acre, and bentazon at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre. Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker.
Control of Soybean Insect Pests in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1993
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. , Boethel D. J. , Thomas J. , Weir A. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate insecticide efficacy against foliage feeding insect pests of soybean. Plots consisted of 5 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft, were planted on 7 Jun. Treatments in both tests were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 30 psi. Treatments were applied on 18 Aug and 20 Aug in Test 1 and Test 2, respectively. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 2 and 7 DAT using two 25-sweep samples/plot with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Rows 2 and 3 were sampled 2 DAT and rows 4 and 5 were sampled 7 DAT. On 20 Aug. 0.5 inches rainfall was recorded over the test area. However, the treatments in Test 2 were not applied until after the rainfall had occurred.
Aphid Control in Wheat, Mahnomen, Mn, 1993
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer , Holder Bobby 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was located in a commercial wheat field. Plots were 25 ft × 25 ft in size. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD, replicated 4 times. Application was made using a hand held CO2 sprayer, with approximately 5 gpa at 40 psi pressure. Twenty-five heads per plot were collected at 7 DAT, stored, and aphids counted with a binocular microscope. Yields were collected from a 5 ft × 25 ft strip in the best appearing section of each plot.
Efficacy of two Pyrethroids Employed at Traditional and Extended Spray Intervals Against Fall Armyworm, Bollworm and European Corn Borer in North Carolina, 1993
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted in a Wagram loamy sand on 10 May near Richlands, NC. The fertility and weed management programs followed NCSU recommendations with 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G applied in furrow at planting. Plot size was 6 rows (38 inch centers) × 50 ft with 10 ft alleys. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied via a backpack-type CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spraying Systems nozzle per row. Initial application for all treatments, based upon exceeding a threshold of 10 eggs per 100 terminals, was made on 22 Jul. The second application for the Baythroid 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, regular start treatment was made on 27 Jul, while the Baythroid at 0.045 lb (AI)/acre regular start treatment received only the initial application. The Baythroid at 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, scouting-based plot was treated on 22 and 27 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. The Baythroid at 0.045 lb (AI)/acre, extended, 14-d interval plot was treated on 22 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. A final Baythroid 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, extended, 14-d interval treatment was likewise applied on 22 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. Karate at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre was also treated at a scouting-based schedule of 22 and 27 Jul and 4 and 19 Aug, and the same material at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre on the extended 14-d interval was applied on 22 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. All plots were evaluated for FAW, ECB and BW-damaged bolls on 17 Aug and 15 Sep. Plots were harvested with a 1-row John Deere mechanical picker from the middle two rows on 13 Oct.
Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses in South Mississippi, 1992
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairways at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was sandy clay loam. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 10,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 7 Oct between 4:00 and 5:30 p.m. Both treatments were applied with a Snyder Polyolefin Agro-Tank tractor mounted hydraulic sprayer. Total spray volume was 50 gal water/acre using 8003 T-jet flat nozzles with 50 psi. Immediately before and after treatment, VS inch irrigation water was applied to all plots except the Orthene treated plots. All plots were irrigated with V* inch of water each afternoon after treatment for four weeks. Rainfall of 1.5, 0.5, and 1.5 inches occurred on 1,3, and 4 Nov, respectively. At the time of application soil and ambient temperatures were 73° and 75° F, respectively. Relative humidity was moderate with a cloud cover of 20%. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground in 20 locations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pre-treatment counts were made on 6 Oct and post-treatment counts were made on 21 Oct and 4 Nov.
Preventive Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Experimental Formulations on a Golf Course Rough 1993
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway (site one, Palmerton, Pa.) consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1,000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (29 Apr) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 59°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 58°F; RH, 51%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.5 inches; soil type, loam to sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 51.0% sand, 37.0% silt, 12.0% sand; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.1; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.5; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 126 DAT (2 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.
Control of Annual Bluegrass Weevil, 1992
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Weaver John S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on 3 putting greens on a golf course in Keene, NH. The experimental design was an RCB replicated 3 times. Plot size was 100 ft2. Treatments were applied 4 May at peak adult emergence. Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer, with 8006 nozzles, delivering 1.2 gal/1000 ft2. Immediately after application the NTN plots were watered with 0.5 inches irrigation. Tempo was not irrigated. Conditions at the time of application were: air temperature, 52.7°F; sandy loam soil; thatch 0.25 inch; no rain for several days. Plots were rated 19 Jun by removing 3 samples (0.1 ft2 ea) per replicate and counting the number of live larvae.
Efficacy of Merit Against Annual Bluegrass Weevil, 1993
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two rates of Merit WP were compared for efficacy against the annual bluegrass weevil on golf course greens in Keene, NH. Plot size was 10 × 20 ft arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied 5 May and rated 28 Jun. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer in a volume of 1.4 gal water/1000 ft2. After application, treatments were irrigated with 0.25 inches water. Treatments were rated by removing 3 (0.1 ft2) samples per plot and counting live larvae in the laboratory. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 58.1°F; soil temperature, 1 in 56°F; thatch depth, 0.25 inch; soil pH, 5.9; soil texture, sandy loam; soil organic matter, 5.2%; soil moisture, 22%.
Control of Bluegrass Billbug Larvae on a Kentucky Bluegrass Lawn in Saunders Co., Nb, 1993
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Riordan T. P. , Johnson-Cicalese J. M. , Westerholt S. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Conven tional insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes were evaluated for control of bluegrass billbug larvae on a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, NB. The turf (100% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 1.5 inches and thatch accumulation in the plot area was 0.75 inches (finger compressed, 0.50 inches). Field conditions at the time of application were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.2-6.6; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity. Plots were 8 × 8 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with three replications. Insecticide treatments were applied 7 Jul. Granular insecticide treatments were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 24H12 spreader. Liquid insecticides and nematodes were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a LF-4 tip at 24 psi and delivering 4 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. The test area was irrigated with approximately 0.5 inches of water immediately following applications. A total of 3.88 inches of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Product efficacy was evaluated 21 Jul (14 DAT) by removing six 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (2.1 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the surviving larvae.
Subsurface vs. Conventional Insecticide Applications for Control of Annual White Grubs on a Goli Course Fairway, 1993
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Bargen K. Von , Grisso R. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a Kentucky bluegrass golf course fairway. The turf (100% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 5/s inches and thatch accumulation in the plot area was 0.75 inches (finger compressed, 0.5 inches). Field condition at the time of application were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity Plots were 40 inches × 15 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 20 Aug. Subsurface treatments were applied using a Cushman Prototype Subsurface Applicator designed to place liquid or granular insecticides at the soil-thatch interface (average depth. 0.75 inches). Conventional granular treatments were applied with a Gandy 24H12 drop spreader. Conventional liquid applications were applied with a CO2 sprayer with LF-4 tip delivering 3 gal finished spray/1000 ft2 at 24 psi. Immediately following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. A total of 5.35 inches of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 21 DAT on 10 Sep by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs.
Control of the Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway in Ashland County, Oh, 1993
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course fairway at Jeromesville. Insecticides were applied 16 Jun to plots 8 × 10 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. The experimental area was irrigated approximately V* inch after all treatments were applied but before sprays had dried on the grass blades. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. BTA: eggs and 1st instars present, no pretreatment count. Turf: level, light dew, IVs inch height, 40% perennial ryegrass, 30% Kentucky bluegrass, 30% annual bluegrass. Thatch: dense, moist, % inch. Soil: moist, 66°F at 1 inch and 67°F at 3 inch. Weather: sunny, 65°F, 0-5 mph. Water: pH 6.5. Efficacy data taken 6 Jul (20 DAT) were based on the number of live BTA larvae and pupae in 6, 4Vt inch in diam samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Efficacy of Dylox Granular Formulations for the Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs in Turf, 1992
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Weaver John S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at Amherst Country Club, NH to determine the efficacy of two formulations of Dylox granules. The site was a fairway rough. The trial consisted of 8 × 8 ft plots, replicated 4 times in an RCB design. Treatments were applied Sep 14 and rated Oct 5. At the time of application conditions were: soil temp at I inch depth, 66.7°F; at 2 inches, 65.6°F; thatch, 0.75 inch; pH 5.5; texture, silt loam, 46% sand, 50% silt, 4% clay; moisture, 25%; OM, 10.1%. Granules were applied with a homemade salt shaker. Oftanol was applied in water at a rate of 5 gal/1000 ft2. Plots received 0.5 inch irrigation after application. Plots were rated by counting the number of live grubs/2.25 ft2.
The Effect of Time on Bait Applications for the Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant in Tattnall County, Ga, 1992
Authors: Diffie Stan , Bass Max 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three 0.1 acre subplots were permanently established within each of eight 1.65 acre plots. Each subplot was marked with an orange surveyor stake at its center. Pretreatment mound counts were made in the central 0.1 acre subplot on 29 June. Amdro® was broadcast at 11:00 am (82° soil temperature), 2:00 pm (86° soil temperature), and 5:00 pm (91° soil temperature). Each treatment, including an untreated control, was applied to two plots. The treated plots each received 1.2 lb/acre of Amdro®. Posttreatment counts were made on 26 Aug and 14 Dec.
Control of the Serpentine Leafminer on Chrysanthemum Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter 1993
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Chrysanthemums were obtained as rooted cuttings and potted in 15 cm pots in a greenhouse at UCR and allowed 8 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use. During wk 8, the plants were exposed to heavy populations of leafminers. By wk 10, all plants were moderately infested with leafminers. To ensure an equal distribution of leafminers/treatment, plants infested with approximately equivalent numbers were assigned to each treatment (4 plants/treatment). Azadirachtin treatments were applied at 40 psi to runoff using a hand sprayer. The NTN 33893 2.5%G and 240F were applied as soil treatments and drenched into the soil with approximately 250 ml of water. Pre-treatment counts and treatment applications were made on the same day (day 0). Posttreatment counts (the number of adults emerging from pupae) were taken 24 DAT. Number of emerging adults were expressed as a mean percent change from the pre-treatment count and analyzed using ANOVA. As individual leafminers were not held on isolated leaves for a specific period of time, more eggs successfully hatched than were counted in the pretreatment count; thus certain treatments showed positive percentage population increases.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Marigolds in Michigan, 1993
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Marigold plants were raised from seed in 6 inch clay pots for 10 weeks reaching 10-12 inches in height in a research greenhouse infested with greenhouse whitefly at Michigan State University. Each treatment and a control were replicated 6 times with each replication being an individual plant. Precounts were taken on 22 Jun by counting all whitefly larvae and pupae under a dissecting microscope on the undersides of 5 randomly selected leaves from each plant. The treatments were then blocked based on these precounts. Insecticide applications were applied on 24 Jun and repeated on 1 Jul with a R&D CO2 sprayer with a single 8008 nozzle at 50 psi until first runoff. The Marshal/Suscon treatments were applied to the soil surface of the pots. Postcounts were made in the same manner as precounts on 13, 21, 28 Jul, 4 and 12 Aug. The number of whiteflies reported for all sample dates is the total number of whitefly including larvae and pupae.
Spider Mites in Rose Plant Fields, Wasco, Ca, 1992
Authors: Karlik J. , Harwood C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two field evaluations were conducted concurrently, one with acaricides registered for use on field-grown rose plants at the time of the test and another with experimental materials. Avid was included in the latter for comparison. Treatment design and procedure for both experiments was a RCB with 6 replications. Each plot was a single row of roses 25 ft in length with a 5 ft buffer between plots in the row. Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 30 psi with a TJ 8002 flat fan nozzle. Water was used at the rate equivalent to 100 gpa. Sampling consisted of twenty leaves per plot taken at weekly intervals, transported to the lab, brushed onto glass plates, and counted in concentric fashion using a template. Data are the mean of replicates, and represent the spider mites counted on one-sixth of the plate. Registered acaricides were applied in the first experiment 14 May under clear skies with temperature 25°C and wind velocity less than 5 mph. Experimental acaricides were applied in the second experiment 15 May under identical weather conditions.
Subsurface Placement and Surface Application of Insecticides for Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway in Lucas County, Oh, 1993
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two studies were located side by side on a golf course fairway at Toledo, OH. Insecticides were applied 30 Aug to plots 12 ft (3.66 m) in length × the width allowed by the application equipment (3 or 4 ft wide) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were placed in two passes using a Cushman Ryan1® prototype subsurface applicator. The prototype cut 11 slits into the turf on 2 inch (5.1 cm) centers and deposited granules Vi to 1 inches (ca 2 cm) deep. Liquid products were subsurface placed with one pass using a modified Rain Saver Jr™ liquid polymer injection machine at a 3.34 gal/1000 ft2 (1360 1/ha) volume. The machine cut 16 slits in the turf 2 inches (5.1 cm) apart placing the solution Vi to % inches (ca 2 cm)into the thatch-soil profile. Surface sprays were applied using a CO, sprayer with Teejet 8015 nozzles at 55 psi (3.87 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3.32 gal/1000 ft2 (1352 liter/ha). Surface application of granules were made in two passes with a two foot Gandy drop spreader. All surface treatments were hand irrigated with ½ inch (13 mm) water immediately after each plot was treated. The site received 0.1 inch rainfall within 18 h after applications were made. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. JB larvae: ca. 194/m2, 10% 1st, 70% 2nd, 20% 3rd instars. Turf: level, dry, 34 inch (2 cm) height, mix of Kentucky bluegrass, annual bluegrass, and bentgrass. Thatch: dense, ½ inch (13 mm) moist. Soil: moist, 90°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 83°F at 3 inches (7.6 cm). Weather: sunny, 91°F, 3-7 mph (5-11 km/h). Water: pH 4.9. Efficacy data taken 6 Oct (37 DAT) were based on the number of live JB larvae in six 7 inch × 7 inch (17.8 × 17.8 cm) square samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity or excessive equipment damaged was observed.
Spiraea Aphid Control on Spiraea, ‘Snowmound’, 1993
Authors: Miller Fredric 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Forty-eight aphid infested spiraea plants, growing in one gal pots, were selected for study. Each plant served as a single replicate with four replications per treatment. Prior to spraying (0 DAT) and at 3 DAT, 7 DAT, and 14 DAT, a one inch long growing terminal was examined and the total number of live aphids recorded. Treatments of chlorpyrifos, M-Pede, and Talstar were applied until drip using a one qt capacity hand held Polysprayer. Aphids that had darkened, were shriveled, and did not exhibit movement after prodding were considered dead. Temperature at the time of application was approximately 80°F with RH 50%.
Effectiveness of Penncap M in Control of Balsam Gall Midge, 1992
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Weaver John S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a Christmas tree plantation in Jefferson, NH. The experimental design was a RCB with 12 single tree replicates. Treatments were applied 9 Jun when buds averaged 1.5 inches long and at the start of gall formation. Applications were made with a Solo backpack sprayer at a rate of 100 gal water per acre. New growth received adequate coverage. Trees were 5-7 ft tall. Air temperature at the time of treatment was 80°F. The sky was clear with no rain for 2 days. Trees were rated 15 Sep. by counting the number of twigs with live galls per 50 randomly selected twigs per tree.