bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐principles study of helium incorporation in Pu‐La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Gao Rongrong , Xia Xiaoyi , Yang Kunjie , Liu Yuelin , Yang Pan , Peng Qing , Gao Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHelium (He) exerts significant influence on the physicochemical, structural, and electronic properties of pyrochlores. This paper reviews recent advancements in computer simulations aimed at stabilizing nuclear waste, focusing on disordered structures of pyrochlores, zirconate pyrochlores, and high‐entropy pyrochlores. Using Pu‐La2Zr2O7 as a case study, we demonstrate how a first‐principles approach facilitates the understanding of how He modifies the structural and electronic properties of this system. The incorporation of He interstitials in Pu‐La2Zr2O7 typically leads to an expansion in lattice constant and volume swelling. Analysis of the formation energies in this system reveals that octahedral interstitial sites or zirconium (Zr) vacancy sites are favored for He occupation, resulting in the formation of substitutional He atoms. The low concentration of He atoms in Pu‐La2Zr2O7 reduces the formation energy of cation antisite defects. Bader charge analysis indicates that the < Zr‐O > bond exerts a greater influence on the irradiation resistance of the He‐Pu‐La2Zr2O7 system compared to the < La‐O > bond. Moreover, the capacity for He interstitials increases with higher Pu concentration in the octahedrons.
High‐temperature ablation resistance prediction of ceramic coatings using machine learning
Authors: Sun Jia , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhang Yujia , Zhang Xuemeng , Guo Jingjing , Fu Qiangang , Wu Lianwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurface ablation temperature and linear ablation rate are two crucial indicators for ceramic coatings under ultrahigh temperatures service, yet the results collection of such two indicators in the process is difficult due to the long‐period material preparation and the high‐cost test. In this work, four kinds of machine learning models are applied to predict the above two indicators. The Random Forest (RF) model exhibits a high accuracy of 87% in predicting surface ablation temperature, while a low accuracy of 60% in linear ablation rate. To optimize the model, the novel features are constructed based on the original features by the sum of the importance weights in the model. Thereafter, the importance of the newly constructed features increases significantly, and the accuracy of the optimized RF model is improved by 11%, exceeding 70% in accuracy. By validation with available data and experiments, the optimized model demonstrates precise predictions of the target variables.
Lotus Sprout Extract Induces Selective Melanosomal Autophagy and Reduces Pigmentation
Authors: Geyfman Mikhail , Chung Robin , Boissy Raymond , Poloso Neil , Kadoya Kuniko , Maitra Prithwiraj , Mehta Rahul 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHyperpigmentation disorders are caused by the excess production and irregular accumulation of melanin. Existing treatments often have limited efficacy and adverse effects, necessitating the development of new skin‐brightening agents. Lotus sprout extract (LSE) was identified as a potential pigment‐correcting agent. However, the active compounds responsible for driving mechanisms related to this activity remain unknown.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effects of LSE and its active components, neferine and liensinine, on melanin accumulation and to understand how LSE reduces skin pigmentation.MethodsMelanin accumulation was analyzed in MNT‐1 human melanoma cells and MelanoDerm human skin equivalents following neferine, liensinine, or LSE treatment. The effects of the compounds on different pathways regulating melanin levels were evaluated by gene expression, biochemical assays, and western blotting. Melanosome ultrastructure was monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsNeferine and liensinine reduced melanin accumulation in MNT‐1 cells without downregulating melanogenesis‐related genes or inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Instead, these compounds increased autophagic flux, suggesting that the reduction in pigmentation was due to increased melanin degradation. LSE also reduced melanin accumulation and activated autophagy in normal human melanocytes and MelanoDerm tissue. Autophagosomes induced by LSE treatment contained only melanosomes, and structural changes in melanosomes suggested that LSE may disrupt melanosome maturation.ConclusionThis study revealed a novel mechanism for LSE, neferine, and liensinine in reducing pigmentation, potentially through the induction of autophagy and subsequent melanosome degradation. These findings suggest that LSE and its enriched bioactive compounds could be promising agents for treating hyperpigmentation.
Comparison of the predictive value of four insulin resistance surrogates and hyperuricemia in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Mei , Mu Fang‐Xiang , Wang Fang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInsulin resistance (IR), hyperuricemia (HUA), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, while also impacting reproductive health. The relationship between IR, HUA, and RPL has not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the relationship between four IR surrogates and the risk of HUA in RPL patients.MethodsData from a real‐world study on RPL in China were analyzed using multivariable regression to determine the relationship between HUA and triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride glucose‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI), triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐c) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS‐IR). The predictive ability of these surrogates for detecting HUA in RPL patients was evaluated using the area under the curve and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed using bootstrapping resampling.ResultsThe study included 769 patients with a mean age of 30 ± 4 years old, 8.32% of whom had HUA. Four IR surrogates were closely related to HUA in patients of RPL after adjusting for age, menstrual cycle, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and low‐density lipoprotein, with area under the curve values of TyG index (OR = 0.693, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.626, 0.759), TyG‐BMI (OR = 0.731 95% CI: 0.657, 0.805), TG/HDL‐C (OR = 0.703, 95% CI: 0.641, 0.764), and METS‐IR (OR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.655, 0.799). Bootstrap resampling yielded similar results.ConclusionsThe TyG index, TyG‐BMI, TG/HDL‐c, and METS‐IR significantly correlated with HUA in patients with RPL. The TyG‐BMI had the highest predictive value of the four IR surrogates.
Thermal Facial Profile and Orofacial Myofunctional Aspects in Movement Disorder Patients: Comparison Between Parkinson Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Cortés Yineth Carolina Navarrette , Castelo Paula Midori , Feitosa Luciana Cerqueira , Diaféria Giovana Lúcia Azevedo , de Veiga Said Angélica , Neves Carolina Ribeiro , Barsottini Orlando , Bommarito Silvana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the orofacial myofunctional characteristics, masticatory performance and facial thermal profile in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA3), comparing with healthy control ones.MethodSeventy‐two participants aged between 30 and 85 years were evaluated and divided into PD, SCA3 and control groups. The assessments included clinical evaluation using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores protocol (orofacial structures, mastication, swallowing and breathing aspects), masticatory performance assessed with a colour‐changeable chewing gum and infrared thermography. The Kruskal–Wallis, one‐way ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were applied.ResultsWith the exception of face and tongue, a difference was seen in the cheek, maxillomandibular relationship, lips, mentalis muscle and palate appearance and posture between patients and healthy control participants. Orofacial mobility, swallowing and masticatory function also scored higher in the control group. The SCA3 and PD groups required more time to eat the test‐food and showed greater facial temperature asymmetries than the control one (p < 0.05). Masticatory performance measured by chewing gum did not differ.ConclusionFacial temperature asymmetries, swallowing and masticatory function scores and the time needed by the SCA3 and PD groups to eat the test‐food were different from healthy participants, drawing attention to the impaired orofacial functions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
An approach for accurately orienting artificial teeth into their denture base sockets of CAD‐CAM milled dentures: A dental technique
Authors: Alqarni Abdulaziz M. , Marghalani Thamer Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel technique was devised to create a stabilizing guide to accurately maintain the position of CAD‐CAM‐milled artificial teeth in their denture base socket during the bonding process. This ensures that the artificial teeth and denture base are adequately bonded to reproduce the designed occlusion and reduce chair‐side adjustment.
Effectiveness of different surface treatments on bond strength between 3D‐printed teeth and denture base
Authors: Pereira Anne Karoline de Holanda Cavalcanti , Costa Rayanna Thayse Florêncio , Leão Rafaella de Souza , Casado Bruno Gustavo da Silva , Batista Andre Ulisses Dantas , Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of different surface treatments and thermal cycling on the shear bond strength between 3D‐printed teeth and denture bases.Material and MethodsFor the shear bond strength (SBS) test, the specimens were the maxillary central incisors (11 × 9 × 7 mm) bonded on a cylindrical base (20 × 25 mm). The control group was heat‐cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (N = 20). The printed group was divided into five subgroups (N = 20): no treatment, sandblasting with aluminum oxide (Al2O3), methyl methacrylate monomer, acetone, and adhesive with urethane dimethacrylate. Half of the samples were subjected to 2000 thermal cycling cycles, and all samples were subjected to the SBS test. The failure mode was established as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed through stereomicroscopic analysis. The surface roughness test (Sa) was performed using optical profilometry, and the rectangular specimens (14 × 14 × 2.5 mm) were divided into four groups according to the surface treatments (N = 7 per group). Paired T and Wilcoxon tests were conducted to perform comparisons within the same group. The Kruskal–Wallis and Dwass‐Steel‐Critchlow‐Fligner post‐hoc tests were conducted to compare the groups.ResultsAl2O3 sandblasting in the 3D‐printed groups achieved high SBS values comparable to those of the control group in the thermal cycled (p = 0.962) and non‐thermal cycled samples (p = 0.319). It was the only treatment capable of modifying the surface of the 3D‐printed resin, thereby increasing the roughness (p = 0.016).ConclusionsSandblasting is recommended to increase the bond strength between the tooth and denture bases.
Clinical internal and marginal fit of metal‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses fabricated with selective laser melting and 3D‐printed pattern casting using cobalt‐chromium metal alloy
Authors: Bani‐Younes Saja Adel , Al Fodeh Rami S. , Khasawneh Lina , Tabnjh Abedelmalek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the fit of metal–ceramic three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and 3D‐printed casting pattern (CP) and to compare the effect of tooth type and ceramic veneering on marginal and internal gaps.Materials and MethodsPatients requiring posterior three‐unit FDPs were selected. For each subject, two FDPs were fabricated using SLM and CP. Silicon replica was used to measure the internal and marginal fit of frameworks before and after ceramic veneering. For each replica, 36 measurements were performed using a stereomicroscope: 4 marginal and 32 internal (4 deep chamfers, 12 axial, 4 axio‐occlusal, and 12 occlusal). Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA and paired t‐test.ResultsA total of 44 metal–ceramic FDPs were fabricated in 22 patients. The results showed that the fabrication method had no significant effect on the marginal, deep chamfer, or occlusal gaps. However, the method significantly affected the axial, axio‐occlusal, and total internal fit, and the SLM had larger gaps than the CP. For the effect of ceramic veneering, measurements were significantly higher in the CP group at all gaps, except for the premolar axial and molar occlusal gaps. The SLM fit was less affected by ceramic veneering. Only premolar gaps significantly increased at the marginal, deep chamfer, and axial and axio‐occlusal positions.ConclusionMetal–ceramic FDPs fabricated using SLM and CP techniques provided a similar marginal fit. Premolars had smaller discrepancies compared to molars. The ceramic veneering process increased the gap of the prostheses, with SLM being less affected by ceramic veneering.
FACIES PARTITIONING AT REGIONAL AND FIELD SCALES IN THE BARREMIAN KHARAIB‐2 CARBONATES, UAE
Authors: Gatel Pierre , Borgomano Jean , Kenter Jeroen , Mecheri Tarek 
Published: September 2024

Carbonates in the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to early Aptian) Kharaib Formation are reservoir rocks at giant oil fields in the UAE and Qatar. The Barremian Kharaib‐2 member (K60), the focus of this study, is in general composed of a regionally continuous succession of high‐energy, shallow‐water limestones bounded above and below by “dense” low‐energy mud‐rich strata. Despite several decades of research, conventional carbonate facies classification schemes and resulting facies groupings for the Kharaib‐2 member have failed to show a statistically acceptable correlation with core‐ and log‐derived petrophysical data. Moreover, sedimentary bodies potentially responsible for dynamic reservoir heterogeneities have not clearly been identified. This paper proposes a standardized facies classification scheme for the Kharaib‐2 carbonates based on vertical facies proportion curves (VPCs) and variogram analyses of core data to construct stratigraphic correlations at both field and regional scales. Data came from 295 cored wells penetrating the Kharaib‐2 member at ten fields in the on‐ and offshore UAE. Thin, dense intervals separating reservoir units were adopted as fourth‐order transgressive units and were used for stratigraphic correlation. Field‐scale probability maps were used to identify sedimentary bodies such as shallow‐water rudistid shoals.Regional stratigraphic correlations of the Kharaib‐2 member carbonates based on the VPCs identified variations in depositional environments, especially for the lower part of the reservoir unit; depositional facies at fields in the SE of the UAE were interpreted to be more distal compared to those at offshore fields to the NW. At a field scale, the VPCs failed to identify significant lateral variations in the carbonates. However, variogram analyses of cored wells showed spatial concentrations of specific facies in the inner ramp domain which could be correlated with high‐energy depositional bodies such as shoals dominated by rudist debris. The bodies were sinusoidal in plan view with lengths of up to 8 km and widths of ca. 1 km. Although similar‐shaped bodies with these dimensions have been reported from other carbonate depositional systems, they have not previously been reported in the Kharaib Formation. At a regional (inter‐field) scale, the stratigraphic correlation of standardized sedimentary facies remains problematic; however, mapping of facies associations and their relative proportions relative to their environments of deposition demonstrated new patterns for the stratigraphic architecture of the Kharaib‐2 member in the UAE.
Atypical Mycobacterium abscessusBlaRI Ortholog Mediates Regulation of Energy Metabolism but Not β‐Lactam Resistance
Authors: Bonefont Lauren E. , Davenport Haley C. , Chaton Catherine T. , Korotkov Konstantin V. , Rohde Kyle H. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is highly drug resistant, and understanding regulation of antibiotic resistance is critical to future antibiotic development. Regulatory mechanisms controlling Mab's β‐lactamase (BlaMab) that mediates β‐lactam resistance remain unknown. S. aureus encodes a prototypical protease‐mediated two‐component system BlaRI regulating the β‐lactamase BlaZ. BlaR binds extracellular β‐lactams, activating an intracellular peptidase domain which cleaves BlaI to derepress blaZ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes homologs of BlaRI (which we will denote as BlaIR to reflect the inverted gene order in mycobacteria) that regulate not only the Mtb β‐lactamase, blaC, but also additional genes related to respiration. We identified orthologs of blaIRMtb in Mab and hypothesized that they regulate blaMab. Surprisingly, neither deletion of blaIRMab nor overexpression of only blaIMab altered blaMab expression or β‐lactam susceptibility. However, BlaIMab did bind to conserved motifs upstream of several Mab genes involved in respiration, yielding a putative regulon that partially overlapped with BlaIMtb. Prompted by evidence that respiration inhibitors including clofazimine induce the BlaI regulon in Mtb, we found that clofazimine triggers induction of blaIRMab and its downstream regulon. Highlighting an important role for BlaIRMab in adapting to disruptions in energy metabolism, constitutive repression of the BlaIMab regulon rendered Mab highly susceptible to clofazimine. In addition to our unexpected findings that BlaIRMab does not regulate β−lactam resistance, this study highlights the novel role of mycobacterial BlaRI‐type regulators in regulating electron transport and respiration.
The Importance of Time: Nurses' Experiences of Working With Suicide Prevention and Suicide Risk Assessment in the Care of Older People
Authors: Eriksson Emelie , Säfströmer Karin , Hultsjö Sally , Persdotter Anna , Wärdig Rikard 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo describe nurses' experiences of working with suicide prevention and suicide risk assessment in the care of older people.BackgroundSuicide is a problem among older people, worldwide. Risk factors for suicide are, among others, depression, illness and pain and a feeling of isolation. Nurses have valuable experience in suicide prevention and risk assessments. This study can shed light on what is needed to promote the mental health of older people, which has been partly overlooked in previous research.Methods/DesignA descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Ten nurses working in care of older people across four different municipalities were interviewed. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsDespite shortcomings in guidelines, nurses describe performing suicide risk assessments and suicide prevention in a similar manner. The importance of giving the patients time is emphasised, although time is exactly what appears to be lacking.ConclusionBy engaging with the experiences of nurses, important aspects that require further attention are highlighted. Nurses should inquire about suicidal ideation, even if older persons do not explicitly express such thoughts. Normal ageing needs to be comprehended and considered in assessments. In this work, time is important.Patient or Public ContributionThe results were coproduced by means of interviews with nurses working in care of older people.Reporting MethodThe study was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.Implications for PracticeEncountering older people who may have experienced the loss of loved ones and addressing one's personal capabilities in the context of the ageing body imposes substantial challenges on nursing care, necessitating a capacity to adeptly navigate and address these complex issues.
Do agroecological practices control Ralstonia solanacearum wilt on solanaceous crops? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bagri Bouraïma Moukaïla , Bielders Charles L. , Sikirou Rachidatou , Ezin Vincent Awe , Ahohuendo Bonaventure Cohovi , Achigan‐Dako Enoch G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of agroecological management strategies (AEMS) in controlling bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) remains a critical question. A quantitative review was conducted based on publications reporting agroecological bacterial wilt management practices under on‐station or on‐farm field conditions in electronic libraries, without geographical restrictions, on tomato, pepper, eggplant and potato. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 papers were retained, resulting in 644 and 146 observations of bacterial wilt incidence (BWI) and yield, respectively. The effectiveness of AEMS for each crop was evaluated based on BWI and crop yield. The effect size was calculated as the natural logarithm of the response ratio, and confidence intervals were determined by bootstrapping. Varietal control, biological control (used of biological control agents) and combinations of many AEMS were the most reported practices, both under on‐station and on‐farm conditions. The use of plant extracts (Thymus spp., Crotalaria spp.), grafting, solarization, soil amendments (manure, compost) and crop rotations (with maize, beans) were also reported. All AEMS significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence and increased yields compared to the untreated plots. Grafting, combinations of control methods, varietal control and biological control were the most effective agroecological practices in reducing BWI and increasing yield in tomato and eggplant. Varietal control was the most effective compared to biological control on pepper. The effectiveness of AEMS also varied with crop susceptibility and origin, climatic zone and soil acidity. This study highlights the potential of AEMS in reducing BWI and increasing crop yield in infested soils.
Inter‐hospital variations in the respiratory outcomes of very and extremely pre‐term infants: A cohort study in Japan
Authors: Mimura Wataru , Shinjo Daisuke , Isayama Tetsuya , Fushimi Kiyohide 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐level and international variations exist in the management strategies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, studies evaluating hospital‐level variations in the respiratory outcomes of pre‐term infants associated with differing management strategies of BPD are lacking.ObjectiveHerein, we aimed to assess inter‐hospital variations in the respiratory outcomes of BPD in very pre‐term and extremely pre‐term infants.MethodsIn this cohort study, the administrative claims and discharge summary data were extracted from 276 hospitals in Japan between April 2014 and March 2016. This study assessed neonates of a gestational age of 22–31 weeks old, who had been hospitalised for ≥7 days.The primary outcome was a BPD defined using any respiratory support, such as supplemental oxygen, high‐flow nasal cannula, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation at 36 weeks PMA. The median odds ratio (MOR) was calculated using a multilevel logistic regression model, including baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment as covariates, to evaluate the inter‐hospital variation of the outcome.ResultsOf the 8143 neonates from across 132 hospitals, 53.7% were male, with a mean gestational age (standard deviation) of 28.0 (2.5)‐weeks‐old and birthweight of 1086 (386) g. Among these patients, BPD occurred in 2737 (33.6%). The MOR was 2.49, representing the median value of odds ratios when comparing two neonates with identical covariates from hospitals with high and low propensity for the outcomes to occur.ConclusionsOutcome variations in the BPD were observed among hospitals in Japan, even after adjusting for individual factors, including gestational age, birthweight, comorbidities, and treatments. Thus, in Japan, developing strategies is essential to decrease the BPD rates, while minimising inter‐hospital heterogeneity, to improve the healthcare quality for pre‐term neonates.