bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety Evokes Hypofrontality and Disrupts Rule-Relevant Encoding by Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Neurons
Authors: Park Junchol , Wood Jesse , Bondi Corina , Del Arco Alberto , Moghaddam Bita 
Published: March 2016

Anxiety is a debilitating symptom of most psychiatric disorders, including major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and addiction. A detrimental aspect of anxiety is disruption of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated executive functions, such as flexible decision making. Here we sought to understand how anxiety modulates PFC neuronal encoding of flexible shifting between behavioral strategies. We used a clinically substantiated anxiogenic treatment to induce sustained anxiety in rats and recorded from dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neurons while they were freely moving in a home cage and while they performed a PFC-dependent task that required flexible switches between rules in two distinct perceptual dimensions. Anxiety elicited a sustained background “hypofrontality” in dmPFC and OFC by reducing the firing rate of spontaneously active neuronal subpopulations. During task performance, the impact of anxiety was subtle, but, consistent with human data, behavior was selectively impaired when previously correct conditions were presented as conflicting choices. This impairment was associated with reduced recruitment of dmPFC neurons that selectively represented task rules at the time of action. OFC rule representation was not affected by anxiety. These data indicate that a neural substrate of the decision-making deficits in anxiety is diminished dmPFC neuronal encoding of task rules during conflict-related actions. Given the translational relevance of the model used here, the data provide a neuronal encoding mechanism for how anxiety biases decision making when the choice involves overcoming a conflict. They also demonstrate that PFC encoding of actions, as opposed to cues or outcome, is especially vulnerable to anxiety.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA debilitating aspect of anxiety is its impact on decision making and flexible control of behavior. These cognitive constructs depend on proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Understanding how anxiety affects PFC encoding of cognitive events is of great clinical and evolutionary significance. Using a clinically valid experimental model, we find that, under anxiety, decision making may be skewed by salient and conflicting environmental stimuli at the expense of flexible top-down guided choices. We also find that anxiety suppresses spontaneous activity of PFC neurons, and weakens encoding of task rules by dorsomedial PFC neurons. These data provide a neuronal encoding scheme for how anxiety disengages PFC during decision making.
The Development of Art Learning Model at School (A Review of Music Education Learning in Indonesia)
Authors: Mack Dieter 
Published: March 2016

<p>At the present time, art education is often ignored. Focus on teaching and learning at school seems to accentuate other subjects, such as: science, economics, and technology. This trend is becoming more concerning for the arts is a field of study, which draws attention to the development of perceptual sensitivity, creativity, as well as social responsibility. However, if art education, in this case is music education, is taught theoretically based on other cultural materials, then the consequences will be worse for students. This study is aimed to draw outlines of music education which hopefully can answer the three aspects of music which are previously described. The outlines are arranged based on recent discoveries in audio perceptions. </p>
TINDAKAN NEGARA TERKAIT PERISTIWA G30S: STUDI MAKNA GADAMERIAN PADA PESELAMAT
Authors: Atmaja Hamdan Tri 
Published: March 2016

<p>This study aims to gain knowledge of a deep understanding of the state action related to the G30S event. The research method used was a qualitative research approach initiated by Gadamer's hermeneutics. The results showed that state action against survivors were to arrest, investigate, and imprison them to the island of Buru (for men survivors) and Plantungan (for women survivors). The G30S event, by survivors, was interpreted as a story of the assassination of the generals by Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), as well as the form of a political conspiracy for Sukarnoâ€™s power within ideological background. Investigation and arrest were interpreted by them as an act of unwarranted, political scapegoat, and a form of abuse against them. While prison life, for survivors, was as a form of forced labor, punishment to stigmatize and isolate women</p> <p>Keywords: State Action, the G30S event, Meaning, and Survivor.</p> <p>Â </p> <p>Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tindakan negara terkait peristiwa G30S. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutika yang digagas Gadamer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tindakan negara terhadap peselamat adalah melakukan penangkapan, pemeriksaan, dan penahanan serta memenjarakan mereka ke pulau Buru (untuk peselamat laki-laki) dan Plantungan (untuk peselamat perempuan). Peristiwa G30S oleh peselamat dimaknai sebagai kisah pembunuhan para jendral oleh PKI, bentuk konspirasi politik memperebutkan kekuasaan Soekarno dengan latar belakang ideologi. Pemeriksaan dan penangkapan dimaknai peselamat sebagai tindakan tidak beralasan, politik kambing hitam, dan sebagai bentuk kesewenang-wenangan terhadap peselamat. Kehidupan penjara dimaknai peselamat sebagai bentuk kerja paksa, hukuman dengan menstigmatisasi dan mengisolasi kaum perempuan.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Tindakan Negara, Peristiwa G30S, Makna, danÂ Peselamat.</p> <p>Â </p> <p>Â </p> <p>Â </p>
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in repeated IVF failure, a randomized trial
Authors: Aleyasin Ashraf , Abediasl Zhila , Nazari Atefeh , Sheikh Mahdi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed key roles for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in embryo implantation process and maintenance of pregnancy, and some studies showed promising results by using local intrauterine infusion of GCSF in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). This multicenter, randomized, controlled trial included 112 infertile women with repeated IVF failure to evaluate the efficacy of systemic single-dose subcutaneous GCSF administration on IVF success in these women. In this study, the Long Protocol of ovarian stimulation was used for all participants. Sealed, numbered envelopes assigned 56 patients to receive subcutaneous 300 µg GCSF before implantation and 56 in the control group. The implantation (number of gestational sacs on the total number of transferred embryos), chemical pregnancy (positive serum β-HCG), and clinical pregnancy (gestational sac and fetal heart) rates were compared between the two groups. This trial is registered at www.irct.ir (IRCT201503119568N11). The successful implantation (18% vs 7.2%, P=0.007), chemical pregnancy (44.6% vs 19.6%, P=0.005), and clinical pregnancy (37.5% vs 14.3%, P=0.005) rates were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. After adjustment for participants’ age, endometrial thickness, good-quality oocyte counts, number of transferred embryos, and anti-Mullerian hormone levels, GCSF treatment remained significantly associated with successful implantation (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.09–6.96), having chemical pregnancy (OR= 2.74, 95% CI=1.11–7.38) and clinical pregnancy (OR=2.94, 95% CI=1.23–8.33). In conclusion, administration of single-dose systemic subcutaneous GCSF before implantation significantly increases the IVF success, implantation, and pregnancy rates in infertile women with repeated IVF failure.
N-carbamylglutamate and L-arginine improved maternal and placental development in underfed ewes
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun Lingwei , Wang Ziyu , Deng Mingtian , Nie Haitao , Zhang Guomin , Ma Tiewei , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine how dietary supplementation ofN-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) in nutrient-restricted pregnant Hu sheep would affect (1) maternal endocrine status; (2) maternal, fetal, and placental antioxidation capability; and (3) placental development. From day 35 to day 110 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin fetuses were allocated randomly into four groups: 100% of NRC-recommended nutrient requirements, 50% of NRC recommendations, 50% of NRC recommendations supplemented with 20g/day RP-Arg, and 50% of NRC recommendations supplemented with 5g/day NCG product. The results showed that in maternal and fetal plasma and placentomes, the activities of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase were increased (P<0.05); however, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of maleic dialdehyde were decreased (P<0.05) in both NCG- and RP-Arg-treated underfed ewes. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 was increased (P<0.05) in 50% NRC ewes than in 100% NRC ewes, and had no effect (P>0.05) in both NCG- and RP-Arg-treated underfed ewes. A supplement of RP-Arg and NCG reduced (P<0.05) the concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, and estradiol-17β; had no effect on T4/T3; and improved (P<0.05) the concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1, tri-iodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) in serum from underfed ewes. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of NCG and RP-Arg in underfed ewes could influence maternal endocrine status, improve the maternal–fetal–placental antioxidation capability, and promote fetal and placental development during early-to-late gestation.
Pago por servicios ambientales en las cuencas Sarapiquí y Toro: implicaciones teóricas y técnicas de un análisis de factibilidad
Authors: Fallas Agustín 
Published: March 2016

<p>El artículo presenta algunas conclusiones teóricas y técnicas sobre el pago por servicios ambientales en zonas de alta vulnerabilidad a la deforestación, su contribución al mantenimiento de la cobertura boscosa y a la regulación del flujo hídrico de las cuencas. Asimismo, el trabajo presenta y aplica un modelo para demostrar la correlación entre la cobertura boscosa de las cuencas hidrográficas del país y la cantidad y calidad de agua que escurre a través de sus ríos; de manera que las plantas hidroeléctricas a filo de agua instaladas o que se instalen sobre los ríos que drenan una cuenca tendrán ventajas económicas si esta última se mantiene forestada. Finalmente, se aplica el modelo a las cuencas de Sarapiquí y Toro donde el Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Ice) desarrollaba proyectos hidroeléctricos en el momento del estudio.</p>
Percepción y decisión económica de productores locales: el rol del pago por servicios ambientales para dos tipos de bosque en la región Huetarnorte, Costa Rica
Authors: Meza Víctor , Navarro Guillermo , Pokorny Benno 
Published: March 2016

<p>Se evaluó el comportamiento financiero de tres formatos de pago por servicios ambientales (PSA) sobre el valor del bosque (VB), a partir de una primera cosecha forestal en bosques clasificados en dos tipos, de acuerdo con la dominancia de Pentaclethra macroloba en combinación con palmas (Bosque Pp) o en combinación con Carapa guianensis (Bosque Pc). En estos bosques se construyeron funciones de producción típicas del manejo forestal sostenible (MFS) y de la rentabilidad para dos condiciones de cosecha durante un ciclo de corta. El resultado de estos valores del bosque demostró que ningún esquema actual de manejo forestal sostenible y/o de pago por servicios ambientales puede competir con los precios de los terrenos propuestos en el mercado ni con la elevada demanda y acumulación de tierras dedicadas a cultivos muy rentables. Complementariamente, se consideró la percepción de los productores locales hacia la compatibilidad del manejo forestal sostenible y el pago por servicios ambientales, junto con el valor del bosque, para establecer sus preferencias sobre determinados usos del suelo.</p>
Modelaje integrado de cambio climático y socioeconómico en el manejo sostenible del recurso hídrico en la cuenca Arenal-Tempisque: Una propuesta multidisciplinaria
Authors: Murcia Carolina , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael , Sasa Mahmood 
Published: March 2016

<strong><strong></strong></strong>El manejo actual del recurso hídrico en la cuenca del Tempisque es insostenible y se predice que empeorará dadas las proyecciones de aumento de temperatura y condiciones de sequia en el futuro cercano. Describimos aquí los planes para realizar un análisis cuantitativo del suministro y la demanda del recurso hídrico en esta cuenca y explorar, a partir de datos empíricos y de la integración de información de distintos usuarios, cómo el cambio climático podría afectar los servicios ecosistémicos en términos de disponibilidad de agua, uso del suelo y biodiversidad. De esta manera, el proyecto intenta modelar esta información para investigar cuáles acciones deben acometerse para ayudar a mantener o mejorar el suministro de agua y los servicios ecosistémicos en el futuro.<strong><strong><br /></strong></strong>
Epistemologi Fikih Siyâsah
Authors: Abdillah Masykuri 
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Epistemology of Fiqh Siyâsah. Islam is not merely a theological system but also a social and state system. The ulamas through their ijtihad formulated Islamic teachings on state in ‘ilm al-siyâsah al-Islâmiyyah or fiqh siyâsah (Islamic political knowledge). This is defined as “knowledge that deals with managing Islamic state affairs in terms of systems and laws that are in line with the Islamic principles, even if there is no certain argumentation (from the Quran and the Sunnah)”. This knowledge has grown dynamically, because it can interact with political ideas and systems from the outside as well as local culture, including with the modern political system.Keywords: fiqh siyâsah, siyâsah syar‘iyyah, islamic political thought, islamic political system, the theory of Islamic politicAbstrak: Epistemologi Fikih Siyâsah. Islam tidak hanya mencakup sistem kepercayaan dan ibadah, tetapi juga sistem kemasyarakatan dan kenegaraan. Para ulama dengan ijtihad mereka merumuskan ajaran-ajaran Islam tentang negara ini dalam ‘ilm al-siyâsah al-Islâmiyyah atau fikih siyâsah (ilmu politik Islam). ‘Ilm al-siyâsah ini didefiniskan sebagai “ilmu yang membahas tentang pengaturan urusan-urusan negara Islam dalam hal sistem dan undang-undang yang sejalan dengan dasar-dasar Islam meskipun dalam pengaturan ini tidak ada dalil tertentu (dari Alquran maupun Hadis)”. Ilmu ini berkembang dengan dinamis karena ia bisa berinteraksi dengan gagasan dan sistem politik dari luar serta budaya lokal, termasuk dengan sistem politik modern.Kata Kunci: fikih siyâsah, siyâsah syar‘iyyah, pemikiran politik Islam, sistem politik Islam, teori politik IslamDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.977
Integrasi Pendekatan Bayâni, Burhânî, dan ‘Irfânî dalam Ijtihad Muhammadiyah
Authors: Abbas Afifi Fauzi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Integration Approach of Bayânî, Burhânî, and ‘Irfânî in Muhammadiyah Ijtihâd. Al-Jabirî offers three approaches (bayânî, burhânî, and ‘irfânî) to Islamic studies. The Bayânî approach is the philosophical study of knowledge development system that positions the text (revelation) as an absolute truth. The Burhânî approach is structured on the reasoning of Burhânî starting from the ta’aqqulî process of abstraction to reality. In the mean time, the approach of ‘irfânî is an understanding based on spiritual experience and intuition (dzawq, qalb, wijdân, bashîrah). If each is permitted to proceed on their own (parallel), the benefit achieved will be minimal. Thus, if the interrelationship with each other is linear, one of them will arise as superior among the others. Muhammadiyah tries to interweave the three of them, a complementary and functional relationship, so they will have the spiral circular relationship.Keywords: bayânî, ‘irfânî, burhânî, textual, contextualAbstrak: Integrasi Pendekatan Bayâni, Burhânî, dan ‘Irfânî dalam Ijtihad Muhammadiyah. Al-Jâbirî menawarkan tiga pendekatan (bayânî, burhânî, dan ‘irfânî) untuk studi keislaman. Pendekatan bayânî merupakan studi filosofis terhadap sistem bangunan pengetahuan yang menempatkan teks (wahyu) sebagai suatu kebenaran mutlak. Pendekatan burhânî berpola dari nalar burhânî, bermula dari proses abstraksi yang bersifat ta‘aqqulî terhadap realitas. Sedangkan pendekatan ‘irfânî adalah pemahaman yang bertumpu pada pengalaman batin dan intuisi (dzawq, qalb, wijdân, bashîrah). Jika masing-masing dibiarkan berjalan sendiri-sendiri (paralel), nilai manfaat yang dapat diraih akan sangat minim. Demikian pula, jika dibiarkan hubungan antara yang satu dengan yang lainnya bersifat linear, maka hanya memunculkan yang satu lebih unggul dari yang lainnya. Muhammadiyah mencoba ketiganya dijalin berkelindan, saling melengkapi, dan fungsional sehingga hubungannya bersifat spiral sirkular.Kata Kunci: bayânî, ‘irfânî, burhânî, tekstual, kontekstualDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.979
Dominasi Paradigma Fikih dalam Periwayatan dan Kodifikasi Hadis
Authors: Fatki Rifqi Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Domination of the Fiqh Paradigm in Hadith Transmission and Codification. This paper primarily argues that fiqh has been dominating the transmission and canonization of Hadîts since the early Islamic period. The fiqh orientation in the transmission of Hadîts that has occurred since the early Islamic period, the formalization of fiqh schools, and the mainstreaming of fiqh in Hadîts works are the reasons that made it dominant. Moreover, the formation and acceptance of al-Kutub al-Sittah was also to pursue fiqh interests, rather than just the already important matter of Hadîts codification.Keywords: Hadîts Narration, Hadîts Records, Fiqh Codification.Abstrak: Dominasi Paradigma Fikih dalam Periwayatan dan Kodifikasi Hadis. Artikel ini utamanya menyatakan bahwa fikih telah mendominasi periwayatan dan pembukuan Hadis sejak periode awal Islam. Orientasi fikih pada periwayatan dan kodifikasi Hadis, formalisasi madrasah fikih, dan pengarusutamaan fikih pada karya-karya Hadis, adalah bukti-bukti yang menunjukkan fikih mendominasi periwayatan dan kodifikasi Hadis. Fakta lainnya adalah, pembentukan al-Kutub al-Sittah dan aspek penerimaannya ternyata lebih menunjukkan alasan pemenuhan kepentingan fikih ketimbang hanya periwayatan dan kodifikasi Hadis semata.Kata Kunci: Periwayatan Hadis, Pembukuan Hadis, Dominasi FikihDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.970
Politik Hukum Hindia Belanda dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Legislasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

Abstract: The Influence of Dutch East Indies Politics and Law on Islamic Law Legislation in Indonesia. Dutch East Indies politics and law is based on the interests of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. At the start, the Dutch exercised a compromising brand of politics and law, however this was less than advantageous. Then, in its growth, the Dutch executed confrontational politics and law, which, evidently, was effective in swaying their power. Afterwards, Indonesia became independent in 1945. It turns out that confrontational thinking, as exhibited in the politics and law of the Dutch East Indies, had an influence on the Indonesian nation. They often rejected efforts to legislate Islamic law into the national legal system for a number of types of reasons. This article aims to examine the progression of Dutch colonial politics and law and its influence on the production of Indonesian Islamic politics and law over the course of independence.Keywords: law and politics, Islamic law, Adat law, Dutch East Indies, conflictAbstrak: Politik Hukum Hindia Belanda dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Legislasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Politik hukum Hindia Belanda didasarkan pada kepentingan penjajahan mereka atas Nusantara (Indonesia). Pada awalnya Belanda menempuh politik hukum kompromistis, namun kurang menguntungkan. Lalu, dalam perkembangannya Belanda menjalankan politik hukum konfrontatif yang ternyata efektif dalam melanggengkan kekuasaan mereka. Setelah Indonesia merdeka 1945, ternyata cara berpikir konfrontatif seperti dalam politik hukum Hindia Belanda berpengaruh bagi sebagian bangsa Indonesia. Sering mereka menolak upaya legislasi hukum Islam ke sistem hukum nasional dengan pelbagai macam alasan. Tulisan ini berupaya mengelaborasi perjalanan politik hukum penjajah Belanda dan pengaruhnya dalam perkembangan politik hukum Islam Indonesia pada masa kemerdekaan.Kata Kunci: politik hukum, hukum Islam, hukum adat, Hindia Belanda, konflikDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.972
TRADISI MAHAR DI RANAH LOKALITAS UMAT ISLAM: MAHAR DAN STRUKTUR SOSIAL DI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM INDONESIA
Authors: Aini Noryamin 
Published: March 2016

Mahar Tradition in Muslim Locality: Mahar and Social Structure in Indonesian Muslim Society. Law consists of two fundamentals: moral and formal dimensions. Muslim legal scholars greatly appreciate the interplay of both aspects. Legal positivism separates them and law is ultimately framed in a formal-standard logical construct. Legal moral values are universal. It is flexible, universal and can be easily adapted into local contexts. Sociologically, social and cultural structure has proven to play an important role in the structuring of legal format. This paper proves that the practice of dower in a number of Muslim societies changes and varies crossing local boundaries. The dower tradition has been changed from money and other practical objects, into more symbolic materials, namely accessories and religious symbols.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1239
KONSEP KALÂLAH DALAM ALQURAN DAN PENAFSIRANNYA MENURUT SUNI DAN SYIAH IMÂMIYYAH
Authors: Willya Evra 
Published: March 2016

Kalâlah in Alquran and Its Interpretation According to Suni and Syiah Imâmiyyah. This article is aimed to analyze the meaning of walad in the inheritance of kalâlah in Alquran. Islamic jurists have different vews in interpreting the meaning of walad in kalâlah inheritance. Walad in kalâlah inheritance gives the influence to the siblings inheritance. This article attempts to discuss critically and impartially the meaning of walad. By using comparative method, the writer analyzes the meaning of walad from the Suni and Syiah Imâmiyyah perspective. The writer concludes that there is no consensus among Islamic Scholars in interpreting the meaning of walad, by which for the Suni Scholars, the meaning of walad is only brothers of the heir, whereas for the Syiah Imâmiyyah include the heir’s sisters. This different opinion influences the regard of the two mainstreams towards the status of brother and sister in the inheritance of kalâlah.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1250
SERTIFIKASI HALAL SEBAGAI PENERAPAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLAMI DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN BAGI KONSUMEN MUSLIM
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan , Nahrowi Nahrowi 
Published: March 2016

Halâl Certification as an Application of Islamic Business Ethics in Muslim Consumer Protection Halâl certification in food is needed by Muslim consumers to provide assurances that they are not consuming or using product or service that are not halâl so that no sin is commited. It is the duty of government to provide assurances to Muslim consumers that consumer goods or services that are circulating amongst society are really halâl. The halâl label itself provides benefits to businesses such as improving consumer confidence to consume, reaching the global halâl food market, increasing the marketability of products in market and low cost investment. Muslim consumers also have to be smart before purchasing product or services for security and safety.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1251