bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional activation independently contributes to naming ability and relates to lesion site in post‐stroke aphasia
Authors: Skipper‐Kallal Laura M. , Lacey Elizabeth H. , Xing Shihui , Turkeltaub Peter E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLanguage network reorganization in aphasia may depend on the degree of damage in critical language areas, making it difficult to determine how reorganization impacts performance. Prior studies on remapping of function in aphasia have not accounted for the location of the lesion relative to critical language areas. They rectified this problem by using a multimodal approach, combining multivariate lesion‐symptom mapping and fMRI in chronic aphasia to understand the independent contributions to naming performance of the lesion and the activity in both hemispheres. Activity was examined during two stages of naming: covert retrieval, and overt articulation. Regions of interest were drawn based on over‐ and under‐activation, and in areas where activity had a bivariate relationship with naming. Regressions then tested whether activation of these regions predicted naming ability, while controlling for lesion size and damage in critical left hemisphere naming areas, as determined by lesion‐symptom mapping. Engagement of the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and disengagement of the left dorsal pars opercularis (dPOp) during overt naming was associated with better than predicted naming performance. Lesions in the left STS prevented right STS engagement and resulted in persistent left dPOp activation. In summary, changes in activity during overt articulation independently relate to naming outcomes, controlling for stroke severity. Successful remapping relates to network disruptions that depend on the location of the lesion in the left hemisphere. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2051–2066, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common and distinct brain networks underlying verbal and visual creativity
Authors: Zhu Wenfeng , Chen Qunlin , Xia Lingxiang , Beaty Roger E. , Yang Wenjing , Tian Fang , Sun Jiangzhou , Cao Guikang , Zhang Qinglin , Chen Xu , Qiu Jiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCreativity is imperative to the progression of human civilization, prosperity, and well‐being. Past creative researches tends to emphasize the default mode network (DMN) or the frontoparietal network (FPN) somewhat exclusively. However, little is known about how these networks interact to contribute to creativity and whether common or distinct brain networks are responsible for visual and verbal creativity. Here, we use functional connectivity analysis of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate visual and verbal creativity‐related regions and networks in 282 healthy subjects. We found that functional connectivity within the bilateral superior parietal cortex of the FPN was negatively associated with visual and verbal creativity. The strength of connectivity between the DMN and FPN was positively related to both creative domains. Visual creativity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity within the precuneus of the pDMN and right middle frontal gyrus of the FPN, and verbal creativity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity within the medial prefrontal cortex of the aDMN. Critically, the FPN mediated the relationship between the aDMN and verbal creativity, and it also mediated the relationship between the pDMN and visual creativity. Taken together, decreased within‐network connectivity of the FPN and DMN may allow for flexible between‐network coupling in the highly creative brain. These findings provide indirect evidence for the cooperative role of the default and executive control networks in creativity, extending past research by revealing common and distinct brain systems underlying verbal and visual creative cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2094–2111, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diverging lesion and connectivity patterns influence early and late swallowing recovery after hemispheric stroke
Authors: Galovic Marian , Leisi Natascha , Pastore‐Wapp Manuela , Zbinden Martin , Vos Sjoerd B. , Mueller Marlise , Weber Johannes , Brugger Florian , Kägi Georg , Weder Bruno J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKnowledge about the recovery of oral intake after hemispheric stroke is important to guide therapeutic decisions, including the administration of enteral tube feeding and the choice of the appropriate feeding route. They aimed to determine the localization and connectivity of lesions in impaired recovery versus recovered swallowing after initially dysphagic stroke. Sixty‐two acute ischemic hemispheric stroke patients with impaired oral intake were included in a prospective observational cohort study. Voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping and probabilistic tractography were used to determine the association of lesion location and connectivity with impaired recovery of oral intake ≥7 days (indication for early tube feeding) and ≥4 weeks (indication for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding) after stroke. Two distinct patterns influencing recovery of swallowing were recognized. Firstly, impaired recovery of oral intake after ≥7 days was significantly associated with lesions of the superior corona radiata (65% of statistical map, P < 0.05). The affected fibers were connected with the thalamus, primary motor, and supplemental motor areas and the basal ganglia. Secondly, impaired recovery of oral intake after ≥4 weeks significantly correlated with lesions of the anterior insula (54% of statistical map, P < 0.05), which was connected to adjacent operculo‐insular areas of deglutition. These findings indicate that early swallowing recovery is influenced by white matter lesions disrupting thalamic and corticobulbar projection fibers. Late recovery is determined by specific cortical lesions affecting association fibers. This knowledge may help clinicians to identify patients at risk of prolonged swallowing problems that would benefit from enteral tube feeding. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2165–2176, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Costs of integrating cervical cancer screening at an HIV clinic in Kenya
Authors: Vodicka Elisabeth L. , Babigumira Joseph B. , Mann Marita R. , Kosgei Rose J. , Lee Fan , Mugo Nelly R. , Okech Timothy C. , Sakr Samah R. , Garrison Louis P. , Chung Michael H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the societal‐level costs of integrating cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsA cross‐sectional micro‐costing study was performed at Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases and Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya, between July 1 and October 31, 2014. To estimate direct medical, non‐medical, and indirect costs associated with screening, a time‐and‐motion study was performed, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with women aged at least 18 years attending the clinic for screening during the study period and with clinic staff who had experience relevant to cervical cancer screening.ResultsThere were 148 patients and 23 clinic staff who participated in interviews. Visual inspection with acetic acid was associated with the lowest estimated marginal per‐screening costs ($3.30), followed by careHPV ($18.28), Papanicolaou ($24.59), and Hybrid Capture 2 screening ($31.15). Laboratory expenses were the main cost drivers for Papanicolaou and Hybrid Capture 2 testing ($11.61 and $16.41, respectively). Overhead and patient transportation affected the costs of all methods. Indirect costs were cheaper for single‐visit screening methods ($0.43 per screening) than two‐visit screening methods ($2.88 per screening).ConclusionsIntegrating cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics would be cost‐saving from a societal perspective compared with non‐integrated screening. These findings could be used in cost‐effectiveness analyses to assess incremental costs per clinical outcome in an integrated setting.
Risk of cesarean delivery among pregnant women with class III obesity
Authors: Borghesi Yves , Labreuche Julien , Duhamel Alain , Pigeyre Marie , Deruelle Philippe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with cesarean delivery among women with class III obesity attempting vaginal delivery.MethodsIn a retrospective study, medical charts were reviewed for women aged 18 years or older with a singleton pregnancy of at least 37 weeks and a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of 40 or higher who were eligible to attempt vaginal delivery at a maternity hospital in Lille, France, between 1999 and 2012.ResultsAmong 345 eligible women, 301 (87.2%) attempted vaginal delivery; 211 (70.1%) were successful and 90 (29.9%) delivered by cesarean. The frequency of nulliparity was higher among those undergoing cesarean after a trial of labor (64 [71.1%]) than among those who delivered vaginally (57 [27.0%]; P<0.001). Induction of labor was also more frequent among those who ultimately delivered by cesarean (61 [67.8%] vs 96 [45.5%]; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, induction of labor was an independent predictor of cesarean among women attempting vaginal delivery (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–4.22), whereas history of vaginal delivery was protective (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.04–0.17).ConclusionNulliparous women with class III obesity attempting a vaginal delivery should be warned of the high risk of cesarean delivery, especially if they require induction.
Maternal and newborn outcomes at a tertiary care hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, 2008–2012
Authors: Vwalika Bellington , Stoner Marie C.D. , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Liu K. Cherry , Kaunda Eugene , Tshuma Getrude G. , Somwe Somwe W. , Ahmed Yusuf , Stringer Elizabeth M. , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Chi Benjamin H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo measure key obstetric and neonatal outcomes recorded at a tertiary hospital in Zambia over a 5‐year period.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted among women who had delivered at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2012. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. The main outcomes were maternal mortality, cesarean delivery, prenatal or intrapartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, a 5‐minute Apgar score of less than 7, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.ResultsA total of 62 470 deliveries were recorded. Rates of maternal mortality, cesarean delivery, and hemorrhage during pregnancy all declined over time. Decreased admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit were observed; however, the rate spiked temporarily in late 2011 and early 2012 before returning to previous levels. The proportion of stillbirths remained stable over time but reports of a 5‐minute Apgar score of less than 7 rose.ConclusionRoutinely collected obstetric and neonatal data could aid ongoing program monitoring and should be used to guide quality improvement activities.
A retrospective cohort study of hemostatic agent use during hysterectomy and risk of post‐operative complications
Authors: Harris John A. , Uppal Shitanshu , Kamdar Neil , Swenson Carolyn W. , Campbell Darrell , Morgan Daniel M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the use of intraoperative hemostatic agents was a risk factor for post‐operative adverse events within 30 days of patients undergoing hysterectomy.MethodA population‐based retrospective cohort study included data from patients undergoing hysterectomy for any indication between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, at 52 hospitals in Michigan, USA. Any individuals with missing covariate data were excluded, and multivariable logistic regression and propensity score‐matching were used to estimate the rate of post‐operative adverse events associated with intra‐operative hemostatic agents independent of demographic and surgical factors.ResultsThere were 17 960 surgical procedures included in the analysis, with 4659 (25.9%) that included the use of hemostatic agents. Hemostatic agent use was associated with an increase in predicted hospital re‐admissions (P=0.007). Among all hysterectomy approaches, and after adjusting for demographic and surgical factors, hemostatic agent use during robotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with an increased predicted rate of blood transfusions (P=0.019), an increased predicted rate of pelvic abscess diagnoses (P=0.001), an increased predicted rate of hospital re‐admission (P=0.001), and an increased predicted rate of re‐operation (P=0.021).ConclusionHemostatic agents should be used carefully owing to associations with increased post‐operative re‐admissions and re‐operations when used during hysterectomy.
Associations between HIV, highly active anti‐retroviral therapy, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among maternal deaths in South Africa 2011–2013
Authors: Sebitloane Hannah M. , Moodley Jagidesa , Sartorius Benn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore potential relationships between HIV and highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).MethodsA retrospective secondary analysis of maternal‐deaths data from the 2011–2013 Saving Mothers Report from South Africa. The incidence of HIV infection amongst individuals who died owing to HDP was determined and comparisons were made based on HIV status and the use of HAART.ResultsAmong 4452 maternal deaths recorded in the Saving Mothers report, a lower risk of a maternal deaths being due to HDP was observed among women who had HIV infections compared with women who did not have HIV (relative risk [RR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.64). Further, reduced odds of death being due to HDP were recorded among women with AIDS not undergoing HAART compared with women with HIV who did not require treatment (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.3–0.58). Notably, among all women with AIDS, a greater risk of death due to HDP was demonstrated among those who received HAART compared with those who did not (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29).ConclusionHIV and AIDS were associated with a decreased risk of HDP being the primary cause of death; the use of HAART increased this risk.
The impact of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve in patients with unilateral and bilateral endometrioma
Authors: Mehdizadeh Kashi Abolfazl , Chaichian Shahla , Ariana Shideh , Fazaeli Masoumeh , Moradi Yousef , Rashidi Mandana , Najmi Zahra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level as a marker of ovarian reserve in patients with endometrioma.MethodsA prospective observational study enrolled patients aged younger than 40 years who were referred to a tertiary center in Tehran, Iran, between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 to undergo laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometriomas at least 30 mm in diameter, or regardless of size for patients with infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or dyschezia. Baseline and 6‐month post‐operative AMH levels were compared.ResultsData from 70 patients were included in the analyses. Among patients with unilateral endometriomas, lower pre‐operative AMH levels were observed in patients with endometriomas at least 50 mm in diameter (P=0.027), whereas cyst size was not associated with differences in pre‐operative AMH level in patients with bilateral endometriomas (P=0.227). Across the entire study population, post‐operative AMH levels were lower than the baseline (P=0.008). Greater post‐operative decreases in AMH were associated with bilateral cysts compared with unilateral cysts (P=0.046), cysts being at least 50 mm in diameter among patients with unilateral cysts (P=0.028), and both cysts being at least 50 mm in diameter among patients with bilateral cysts (P=0.025).ConclusionLaparoscopic cystectomy was associated with post‐operative decreases in serum AMH, particularly with bilateral involvement and endometriomas at least 50 mm in diameter.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of prophylactic tranexamic acid treatment in major benign uterine surgery
Authors: Topsoee Märta F. , Settnes Annette , Ottesen Bent , Bergholt Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe value of tranexamic acid (TA) treatment as bleeding prophylaxis in major uterine surgery is unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the antihemorrhagic effect of prophylactic TA treatment in major benign uterine surgery.Search strategyPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from 1980 to 2015 without language restriction using search terms related to major uterine surgery combined with TA.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials comparing prophylactic TA with placebo or no intervention in women undergoing elective major benign uterine surgery.Data collection and analysisBasic information and outcomes were collected and meta‐analyses performed.Main resultsSixteen trials were included, with five trials considered to have an overall low risk of bias. In cesarean delivery, TA significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding (mean −136 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] −189 to −83), blood loss of more than 1000 mL (relative risk 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81), and blood transfusion (relative risk 0.32, 95% CI 0.17–0.59). In abdominal myomectomy, TA also significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding (mean −251 mL, 95% CI −391 to −110).ConclusionsProphylactic TA treatment significantly reduced operative bleeding in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery or abdominal myomectomy. Additional randomized trials with low risk of bias are needed.
WILL SYSTEMS‐OF‐SYSTEMS MODELS SUPPORT COST RECOVERY FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCY?
Authors: Harris William R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe fragility of critical infrastructures and the interdependency of infrastructures such as electric grids, water, wastewater, agriculture and manufacturing supply chains should encourage cost recovery for investments in resilience, not merely system reliability. Most cost recovery standards support investments for safety and reliability, but not resilience. If model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and virtually all other engineering domains can demonstrate greater system protection, adaptability, and recovery (minimizing cascading harms to connected critical infrastructures), regulatory standards should provide cost recovery for investments in resilience.Beyond cost‐recovery incentives, systems‐of‐systems engineers can design facilities for supply component availability, surge production, and other commitments to more robust supply chains. Firms that plan for supply chain disruptions can expand their market shares during and after emergencies, while other firms decline or fail entirely. System designs for greater resiliency may reward firms that overcome system shocks, even when resiliency investments are not automatically priced into goods sold or services delivered.
EVOLUTION AND RATIONALE FOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE PROTECTION STANDARD
Authors: Baker George H. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD) Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) protection standard offers a solid basis for protecting commercial communication, data, and control facilities. Because of the standard's shielded barrier and test requirements, it is not surprising that there is a strong temptation within industry and government to dismiss the MIL‐STD 188‐125 approach in favor of less rigorous protection methods. It is important to understand that US DoD EMP protection standard for fixed facilities, MIL‐STD‐188‐125, reflects an evolution by trial and error that spanned a period of decades beginning with the acquisition of the Minuteman Missile System in the 1960s. In fact, one of the main motivating factors for developing the standard was that system developers in the Air Force, Army, Navy, and Defense Communications Agency (now Defense Information Systems Agency) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency tried less technically‐sound approaches that failed in their effectiveness, testability, and maintainability. This paper revisits the development of the US DoD standard and explains its provisions and underlying technical rationale. The paper's objective is to enable the public officials and engineers involved in planning and implementing EMP protection for critical infrastructure facilities to avoid the pitfalls encountered in the past and use the best practices available to achieve low risk protection designs that can be maintained over the entire lifecycle of critical infrastructure systems.
Morphological and functional changes inRAW264 macrophage‐like cells in response to a hydrated layer of carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite
Authors: Igeta Kazuki , Kuwamura Yuta , Horiuchi Naohiro , Nozaki Kosuke , Shiraishi Daichi , Aizawa Mamoru , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Yamashita Kimihiro , Nagai Akiko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSynthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) is used clinically as a material for bone prostheses owing to its good bone‐bonding ability; however, it does not contribute to bone remodeling. Carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (CAp) has greater bioresorption capacity than HAp while having similar bone‐bonding potential, and is therefore considered as a next promising material for bone prostheses. However, the effects of the CAp instability on inflammatory and immune responses are unknown in detail. Here, we show that the surface layer of CAp is more hydrated than that of HAp and induces changes in the shape and function of macrophage‐like cells. HAp and CAp were synthesized by wet method and molded into disks. The carbonate content of CAp disks was 6.2% as determined by Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectral analysis. Diffuse reflectance infrared FT analysis confirmed that physisorbed water and surface hydroxyl groups (OH−) were increased whereas structural OH−was decreased on the CAp as compared to the HAp surface. The degree of hydroxylation in CAp was comparable to that in bone‐apatite structures, and the CAp surface exhibited greater hydrophilicity and solubility than HAp. We investigated immune responses to these materials by culturing RAW264 cells (macrophage precursors) on their surfaces. Cell spreading on the CAp disk was suppressed and the secretion level of inflammatory cytokines was reduced as compared to cells grown on HAp. These results indicate that the greater surface hydration of CAp surface can attenuate adverse inflammatory responses to implanted bone prostheses composed of this material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1063–1070, 2017.