bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cassini observations of aperiodic waves on Saturn's magnetodisc
Authors: Martin C. J. , Arridge C. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe location and motion of Saturn's equatorial current sheet is the result of an interplay between a quasi‐static deformation that varies in radial distance and local time, impulsive perturbations that produce large‐scale displacements, quasiperiodic perturbations near the planetary rotation period, and wave‐like structures on shorter timescales. This study focuses on the latter, aperiodic wave pulses with periods from 1 to 30 min, which are unrelated to the quasiperiodic “flapping” with a period near that of Saturn's rotation. Cassini magnetometer data were surveyed for these aperiodic structures and then fitted to a simple model in order to estimate the properties of the waves. The model consists of a modified Harris current sheet model deformed by a Gaussian pulse wave function. This then allows for the extraction of wave parameters and current sheet properties. In particular, we show an increase in current sheet scale height with radial distance from Saturn, an increase in the wave amplitude with radial distance, and the resolution of propagation directions using the wave vector fitted by the model. The dominant propagation direction is found to be radially outward from Saturn.
Interannual variability of the evaporation duct over the South China Sea and its relations with regional evaporation
Authors: Yang Kunde , Zhang Qi , Shi Yang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe interannual variability of the evaporation duct over the South China Sea is investigated during the boreal winter and summer seasons using data sets from the National Centers for Environment Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. During winter, the distribution is characterized by a tripole‐like structure, whereas in summer the pattern exhibits a west‐east contrast. Special attention is paid to the links of the evaporation duct with the regional evaporation by analyzing the leading empirical orthogonal functions of both elements. Both the structural similarity in spatial patterns and the significant correlation in the principal components imply the inherent relevance between evaporation duct and evaporation. During both the winter and summer seasons, the empirical orthogonal function principal component 1 of the evaporation duct and evaporation are linked significantly with the regional atmospheric dynamics, the primary factor dominating the whole South China Sea. The partial correlation analysis reveals that, similar to the evaporation process, surface wind is a more important factor affecting evaporation duct than sea surface temperature. The results also indicate that the influence of surface wind and SST not only has an obvious seasonal dependence, but also displays a prominent south‐north contrast.
Variability and trends in the Arctic Sea ice cover: Results from different techniques
Authors: Comiso Josefino C. , Meier Walter N. , Gersten Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVariability and trend studies of sea ice in the Arctic have been conducted using products derived from the same raw passive microwave data but by different groups using different algorithms. This study provides consistency assessment of four of the leading products, namely, Goddard Bootstrap (SB2), Goddard NASA Team (NT1), EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI‐SAF 1.2), and Hadley HadISST 2.2 data in evaluating variability and trends in the Arctic sea ice cover. All four provide generally similar ice patterns but significant disagreements in ice concentration distributions especially in the marginal ice zone and adjacent regions in winter and meltponded areas in summer. The discrepancies are primarily due to different ways the four techniques account for occurrences of new ice and meltponding. However, results show that the different products generally provide consistent and similar representation of the state of the Arctic sea ice cover. Hadley and NT1 data usually provide the highest and lowest monthly ice extents, respectively. The Hadley data also show the lowest trends in ice extent and ice area at −3.88%/decade and −4.37%/decade, respectively, compared to an average of −4.36%/decade and −4.57%/decade for all four. Trend maps also show similar spatial distribution for all four with the largest negative trends occurring at the Kara/Barents Sea and Beaufort Sea regions, where sea ice has been retreating the fastest. The good agreement of the trends especially with updated data provides strong confidence in the quantification of the rate of decline in the Arctic sea ice cover.
Trends and interannual variability of mass and steric sea level in the Tropical Asian Seas
Authors: Kleinherenbrink Marcel , Riva Riccardo , Frederikse Thomas , Merrifield Mark , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe mass and steric components of sea level changes have been separated in the Tropical Asian Seas (TAS) using a statistically optimal combination of Jason satellite altimetry, GRACE satellite gravimetry, and ocean reanalyses. Using observational uncertainties, statistically optimally weighted time series for both components have been obtained in four regions within the TAS over the period January 2005 to December 2012. The mass and steric sea level variability is regressed with the first two principal components (PC1&2) of Pacific equatorial wind stress and the Dipole Mode Index (DMI). Sea level in the South China Sea is not affected by any of the indices. Steric variability in the TAS is largest in the deep Banda and Celebes seas and is affected by both PCs and the DMI. Mass variability is largest on the continental shelves, which is primarily controlled by PC1. We argue that a water flux from the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean is the cause for mass variability in the TAS. The steric trends are about 2 mm yr−1 larger than the mass trends in the TAS. A significant part of the mass trend can be explained by the aforementioned indices and the nodal cycle. Trends obtained from fingerprints of mass redistribution are statistically equal to mass trends after subtracting the nodal cycle and the indices. Ultimately, the effect of omitting the TAS in global sea level budgets is estimated to be 0.3 mm yr−1.
Modulation of frontogenetic plankton production along a meandering jet by zonal wind forcing: An application to the Alboran Sea
Authors: Oguz Temel , Mourre Baptiste , Tintoré Joaquin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a coupled physical‐biological modeling study to elucidate the changes in ageostrophic frontal dynamics and the frontogenetic plankton production characteristics of a meandering jet under the impacts of successive westerly/easterly wind events combined with seasonal variations in the upstream transport and buoyancy flux characteristics of the jet, using a case study for the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). Their nonlinear coupling is shown to result in different forms of physical and biological characteristics of the background jet structure that follows a meandering path around two anticyclonic gyres in the western and eastern basins and a cyclonic eddy in between. The westerly, downfront wind events broaden the jet, and result in stronger cross‐frontal density contrast and intensify ageostrophic cross‐frontal secondary circulation. Thus, they improve the frontogenetic plankton production with respect to the no‐wind case. They also support higher production along the northern coast in response to wind‐induced coastal upwelling and spreading of resulting nutrient‐rich, productive water by mesoscale stirring. These features weaken gradually as the jet transport reduces. In contrast, stronger and longer‐lasting easterlies during the reduced jet transport phase weaken the currents and frontal density structure, change the circular Western Alboran Gyre to an elongated form, and shift the main axis of the jet towards the southern basin. Then, frontogenesis fails to contribute to phytoplankton production that becomes limited to the eddy pumping within cyclones. Apart from the frontogenetic production, eddy pumping, mesoscale stirring, and diapycnal mixing of nutrients support intermittent and localized phytoplankton patches over the basin.
Impacts of meteoric sulfur in the Earth's atmosphere
Authors: Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Brooke James S. A. , Feng Wuhu , Höpfner Michael , Mills Michael J. , Plane John M. C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA meteoric sulfur input function and a sulfur ion chemistry scheme have been incorporated into a chemistry‐climate model, in order to study the speciation of sulfur between the stratosphere and the thermosphere (~20–120 km) and the impact of the sulfur input from ablation of cosmic dust. The simulations have been compared to rocket observations of SO+ between 85 and 110 km, MIPAS observations of SO2 between 20 and 45 km, and stratospheric balloon‐borne measurements of H2SO4 vapor and sulfate aerosol. These observations constrain the present‐day global flux of meteoric sulfur to ≤1.0 t S d−1, i.e., 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the flux of S into the stratosphere from OCS photooxidation and explosive volcanic SO2 injection. However, the meteoric sulfur flux is strongly focused into the polar vortices by the meridional circulation, and therefore, the contribution of SO2 of meteoric origin to the polar upper stratosphere during winter is substantial (~ 30% at 50 km for a flux of 1.0 t S d−1). The Antarctic spring sulfate aerosol layer is found to be very sensitive to a moderate increase of the input rate of meteoric sulfur, showing a factor of 2 enhancement in total sulfate aerosol number density at 30 km for an input of 3.0 t S d−1. The input rate estimate of 1.0 t S d−1 suggests an enrichment of sodium relative to sulfur of 2.7 ± 1.5 and is consistent with a total cosmic dust input rate of 44 t d−1.
Restrictive Use of Oral Glucocorticoids in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Prevention of Damage Without Worsening Long‐Term Disease Control: An Observational Study
Authors: Ruiz‐Arruza Ioana , Lozano Jesús , Cabezas‐Rodriguez Ivan , Medina Jose‐Alejandro , Ugarte Amaia , Erdozain José‐Gabriel , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of 2 different treatment strategies on general and specific damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsTwo cohorts were identified according to the responsible physicians: patients treated at the autoimmune diseases unit (ADU), and patients treated by other members of the internal medicine (IM) department. Members of the ADU worked with a protocol including the universal prescription of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the use of maximum oral prednisone dosages ≤30 mg/day and maintenance therapy with ≤5 mg/day, by using methylprednisolone pulses and/or early immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. We analyzed the influence of these 2 treatment strategies on damage accrual, both general and domain specific, attributed to glucocorticoids, cardiovascular (CV) disease, SLE, and unclassified, since the diagnosis of disease in patients with a followup ≥5 years.ResultsA total of 74 patients were included in the ADU group and 213 in the IM group. They were comparable for most demographic and lupus‐related variables. ADU patients received prednisone later and at lower doses, more methylprednisolone pulses, earlier IS drugs and more HCQ (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score decreased similarly in both cohorts (P = 0.4). Patients in the ADU group were less likely to accrue any damage (P = 0.007). They accrued less glucocorticoid‐related (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.23 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.07–0.80]), CV disease (adjusted HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.08–0.95]), and unclassified damage (adjusted HR 0.58 [95% CI 0.3–1.1]). Both groups accrued similar SLE‐related damage (adjusted HR 0.84 [95% CI 0.40–1.75]).ConclusionThe use of reduced oral prednisone doses, which was possible by combining different therapies, reduced glucocorticoid‐related damage and improved CV prognosis without increasing damage caused by SLE.
Association of Anti–Transcription Intermediary Factor 1γ Antibodies With Paraneoplastic Rheumatic Syndromes Other Than Dermatomyositis
Authors: Venalis Paulius , Selickaja Sandra , Lundberg Karin , Rugiene Rita , Lundberg Ingrid E. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveAn association between cancer and dermatomyositis (DM) is well recognized. The high frequency of malignancies detected close to DM diagnosis suggest that DM can be a paraneoplastic syndrome. Recently, anti–transcription intermediary factor 1γ (anti‐TIF1γ) has been discovered to be associated with cancer and with DM. A meta‐analysis reported the pooled sensitivity of anti‐p155 for diagnosing cancer‐associated DM to be 78% and the specificity to be 89%. Thus, anti‐TIF1γ has shown promising results as a marker for cancer‐associated DM. However, none of the studies evaluated the association of anti‐TIF1γ with cancer with or without rheumatic diseases other than DM. To clarify the specificity of anti‐TIF1γ antibodies as a biomarker for cancer‐associated DM, we analyzed the frequency of anti‐TIF1γ antibodies in other cancer‐associated rheumatic syndromes, as well as in cancer patients and healthy controls.MethodsSera from patients with paraneoplastic rheumatic syndrome (n = 91), patients with solid cancer (n = 95), and healthy controls (n = 80) were analyzed for the frequency of anti‐TIF1γ IgG by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using a commercially available recombinant TIF1γ protein as coating antigen. The cutoff value was calculated by adding 2 SD to the mean optical density value of 80 healthy controls.ResultsThe rate of anti‐TIF1γ IgG positivity was 3.3% (n = 3) in patients with paraneoplastic rheumatic syndrome, 3.1% (n = 3) in cancer patients, and 1.3% (n = 1) in healthy controls. There were no significant differences in positivity between the groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionAnti‐TIF1γ antibodies are rarely present in patients with solid cancers or paraneoplastic rheumatic syndromes. This finding strengthens the approach to using anti‐TIF1γ IgG as a marker for cancer‐associated DM.
Iodine(III)‐Mediated/Catalyzed Cycloisomerization–Amination Sequence of N‐Propargyl Carboxamides
Authors: Okamura Yuki , Sato Daisuke , Yoshimura Akira , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Saito Akio 
Published: July 2017

Abstract(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene or iodine(III) catalyst, in situ generated from iodobenzene precatalyst with Oxone, promotes the cycloisomerization–amination sequence of N‐propargyl carboxamides with bis(sulfonyl)imides under mild conditions, thereby leading to the direct formation of oxazoles bearing nitrogen functional groups.magnified image
An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines by Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of Arylacetic Acids
Authors: Lade Jatin J. , Patil Bhausaheb N. , Vhatkar Mahendra V. , Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Chaskar Atul C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient and convenient synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines from 1‐(2‐aminoaryl)pyrrole and arylacetic acids has been described by using a combination of CuSO4 as the catalyst and 2,2′‐bipyridyl as the ligand in the presence of O2 as an oxidant. The prominent features of this method are the use of readily available starting materials, inexpensive catalyst, broad substrate scope and high product yields.
Three‐Phonon and Four‐Phonon Interaction Processes in a Pair‐Condensed Fermi Gas
Authors: Kurkjian H. , Castin Y. , Sinatra A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe study the interactions among phonons and the phonon lifetime in a pair‐condensed Fermi gas in the BEC‐BCS crossover in the collisionless regime. To compute the phonon‐phonon coupling amplitudes we use a microscopic model based on a generalized BCS Ansatz including moving pairs, which allows for a systematic expansion around the mean field BCS approximation of the ground state. We show that the quantum hydrodynamic expression of the amplitudes obtained by Landau and Khalatnikov apply only on the energy shell, that is for resonant processes that conserve energy. The microscopic model yields the same excitation spectrum as the Random Phase Approximation, with a linear (phononic) start and a concavity at low wave number that changes from upwards to downwards in the BEC‐BCS crossover. When the concavity of the dispersion relation is upwards at low wave number, the leading damping mechanism at low temperature is the Beliaev‐Landau process 2 phonons ↔ 1 phonon while, when the concavity is downwards, it is the Landau‐Khalatnikov process 2 phonons ↔ 2 phonons. In both cases, by rescaling the wave vectors to absorb the dependence on the interaction strength, we obtain a universal formula for the damping rate. This universal formula corrects and extends the original analytic results of Landau and Khalatnikov [ZhETF 19, 637 (1949)] for the 2↔2 processes in the downward concavity case. In the upward concavity case, for the Beliaev 1↔ 2 process for the unitary gas at zero temperature, we calculate the damping rate of an excitation with wave number q including the first correction proportional to q7 to the q5 hydrodynamic prediction, which was never done before in a systematic way.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer‐based Halogen‐free Photosensitizers: Covalent meso‐Aryl (Phenyl, Naphthyl, Anthryl, and Pyrenyl) as Electron Donors to Effectively Induce the Formation of the Excited Triplet State and Singlet Oxygen for BODIPY Compounds
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Fu , Feng Nan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPristine BODIPY compounds have negligible efficiency to generate the excited triplet state and singlet oxygen. In this report, we show that attaching a good electron donor to the BODIPY core can lead to singlet oxygen formation with up to 58 % quantum efficiency. For this purpose, BODIPYs with meso‐aryl groups (phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and pyrenyl) were synthesized and characterized. The fluorescence, excited triplet state, and singlet oxygen formation properties for these compounds were measured in various solvents by UV/Vis absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence methods, as well as laser flash photolysis technique. In particular, the presence of anthryl and pyrenyl showed substantial enhancement on the singlet oxygen formation ability of BODIPY with up to 58 % and 34 % quantum efficiency, respectively, owing to their stronger electron‐donating ability. Upon the increase in singlet oxygen formation, the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime values of the aryl‐BODIPY showed a concomitant decrease. The increase in solvent polarity enhances the singlet oxygen generation but decreases the fluorescence quantum yield. The results are explained by the presence of intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the aryl moiety to BODIPY core. This method of promoting T1 formation is very different from the traditional heavy atom effect by I, Br, or transition metal atoms. This type of novel photosensitizers may find important applications in organic oxygenation reactions and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
Arsenite induces DNA damage via mitochondrial ROS and induction of mitochondrial permeability transition
Authors: Guidarelli Andrea , Fiorani Mara , Cerioni Liana , Scotti Maddalena , Cantoni Orazio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArsenite is an established DNA‐damaging agent and human carcinogen. We initially selected conditions in which the metalloid causes DNA strand scission in the absence of detectable apoptotic DNA degradation in U937 cells. This response was suppressed by catalase and by treatments (rotenone and ascorbic acid), or manipulations (respiration‐deficient phenotype), preventing the mitochondrial formation of
(
).
, and its dismutation product, H2O2, are therefore critically involved in the arsenite‐dependent DNA‐damaging response. We then established a link between
/H2O2 and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and found that this second event also promoted the formation of DNA‐damaging species. As a consequence, the DNA damage induced by arsenite, in addition to being abolished by the aforementioned treatments/manipulations, was also significantly reduced by the MPT inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). A CsA‐sensitive induction of p53 mRNA expression was also detected. Finally, evidence of CsA‐sensitive DNA strand scission was also obtained in MCF‐7, HT22, and NCTC‐2544 cells.
/H2O2 therefore directly mediates DNA damage induced by arsenite and indirectly promotes the formation of additional DNA‐damaging species via the induction of MPT. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(5):673–684, 2017
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Supercritical CO2 to Methanol
Authors: Kommoß Björn , Klemenz Sebastian , Schmitt Fabian , Hocke Elisabeth , Vogel Kevin , Drochner Alfons , Albert Barbara , Etzold Bastian , Vogel Herbert G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInterest in energy storage technologies is still increasing in times of excess of electricity generated by wind farms or solar plants. A key part of the energy storage technologies plays the efficient conversion of H2 and CO2 from renewable resources. Here, the process conditions for continuous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH under supercritical conditions over lab‐synthesized Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were investigated. A possible in situ phase separation of reaction products within the reactor due to the higher densities of the reaction mixture by the higher pressure could affect the kinetics and simplify downstream processing. The combination of thermodynamic studies and catalytic performance tests for CO2 hydrogenation under supercritical conditions is discussed and a process concept is presented.
Gas‐Solid Drag Coefficient for Ordered Arrays of Monodisperse Microspheres in Slip Flow Regime
Authors: Tao Shi , Guo Zhaoli 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNumerous analytical and numerical correlations for the drag force of particles in packed arrays are not applicable to microspheres because of the invalidity of the no‐slip assumption at a solid wall. The slip flow through assemblages of spheres is investigated by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Three periodic arrays of static and monodisperse particles, i.e., a simple cubic, a body‐centered cubic, and a face‐centered cubic array, each with a relatively wide range of solid volume fraction, are considered. The LBM is validated for the slip flow over a single unbounded sphere and the continuum flow through spheres in a simple cubic array. The LBM results agree well with the experimental and numerical data in the literature. Simulations of slip flow through the three ordered arrays of spheres are performed. The effects of solid volume fraction and slip are both quantified within the developed drag laws.
Sulfonylureas as Concomitant Insulin Secretagogues and NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors
Authors: Hill James R. , Coll Rebecca C. , Sue Nancy , Reid Janet C. , Dou Jennifer , Holley Caroline L. , Pelingon Ruby , Dickinson Joshua B. , Biden Trevor J. , Schroder Kate , Cooper Matthew A. , Robertson Avril A. B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInsulin‐secretory sulfonylureas are widely used, cost‐effective treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, pancreatic β‐cells are continually depleted as T2D progresses, thereby rendering the sulfonylurea drug class ineffective in controlling glycaemia. Dysregulation of the innate immune system via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the consequent production of interleukin‐1β, has been linked to pancreatic β‐cell death and multiple inflammatory complications of T2D disease. One proposed strategy for treating T2D is the use of sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues that are also NLRP3 inhibitors. We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of nine sulfonylureas that inhibit NLRP3 activation in murine bone‐marrow‐ derived macrophages in a potent, dose‐dependent manner. Six of these compounds inhibited NLRP3 at nanomolar concentrations and can also stimulate insulin secretion from a murine pancreatic cell line (MIN6). These novel compounds possess unprecedented dual modes of action, paving the way for a new generation of sulfonylureas that may be useful as therapeutic candidates and/or tool compounds in T2D and its associated inflammatory complications.