bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and English Questions
Authors: Song Eun Sun , Lee Seung‐Pyo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLarge language models such as Gemini, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4 have demonstrated significant potential in the medical field. Their performance in medical licensing examinations globally has highlighted their capabilities in understanding and processing specialized medical knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Gemini, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4 in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination. The accuracy of answering the examination questions in both Korean and English was assessed.MethodsThis study used a dataset comprising questions from the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination over 5 years (2019–2023). A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to investigate the impacts of model type and language on the accuracy of the responses. Questions were input into each model under standardized conditions, and responses were classified as correct or incorrect based on predefined criteria.ResultsGPT‐4 consistently outperformed the other models, achieving the highest accuracy rates across both language versions annually. In particular, it showed superior performance in English, suggesting advancements in its training algorithms for language processing. However, all models demonstrated variable accuracies in subjects with localized characteristics, such as health and medical law.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that GPT‐4 holds significant promise for application in medical education and standardized testing, especially in English. However, the variability in performance across different subjects and languages underscores the need for ongoing improvements and the inclusion of more diverse and localized training datasets to enhance the models' effectiveness in multilingual and multicultural contexts.
PRODUCTIVE ROBOTS AND INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT: THE ROLE OF NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Kapetaniou Chrystalla , Pissarides Christopher A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a model with robots, automatable and nonautomatable production, we study robot‐labor substitutions and show how they are influenced by a country's “innovation system.” Substitution depends on demand and production elasticities, the country's innovation capabilities, and openness. Making use of World Economic Forum data, we estimate the relationship for 13 countries and find that countries with poor innovation capabilities substitute robots for workers much more than countries with richer innovation capabilities, which might complement them. Innovation capabilities play a bigger role in the high‐tech electronics sector than in other manufacturing and play a limited role in nonmanufacturing.
Synergistic preparation of forsterite‐spinel refractory materials from ferronickel slag and ferrochromium slag
Authors: Gu Foquan , Zhang Yuanbo , Sun Xiaohui , Yang Zherong , Peng Zhengdong , Su Zijian , Long Yuyang , Shen Dongsheng , Kang Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe viability of synergistic preparing refractory material from ferronickel slag (FNS) and ferrochromium slag (FCS) has been confirmed based on the phase and microstructural transformation behavior of FNS and FCS during the sintering process in this research. The thermodynamic analysis results have shown that increasing magnesia additions at varying FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratios can result in the development of high‐melting‐point phases. The thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis, thermal expansion tester, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer analysis indicated that both the FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratio and magnesia addition have a significant impact on the transformation behavior of FNS and FCS during the sintering process. Specifically, as the FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratio increased, the temperature for generating the liquid phase decreased. By controlling the FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratio of 0.3 and magnesia addition of 30 wt.%, the expansion ratio of the FCS/(FCS+FNS) system during the sintering process was noticeably lower compared to that of the FCS and FNS demonstrating excellent densification.
An anode‐supported tubular proton conductor fuel cell with an inner ceramic ammonia cracking component
Authors: Liu Yingli , Jian Junhui , Xu Xiaoru , Chen Zhicong , Ye Hao , Liu Jiawei , Liu Yinglong , Lin Zeyu , Liu Jingjing , Luo Xu , Zhao Xiaobo , Tao Tao , Yao Yingbang , Lu Shengguo , Liang Zhaohua , Liang Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA tubular proton‐conducting fuel cell, anode‐supported, was fabricated using dip‐coating and followed by the co‐sintering of anode and electrolyte at 1500°C. The electrolyte and anode thicknesses are respectively 6 and 500 µm. The outer diameter of the tubular cell is 5.8 mm, featuring an anode porosity of 23%. Ammonia‐fueled single cell with Ru‐catalyzed internal cracking reactor is operated at various temperatures from 400°C to 600°C. Calculation results indicate that double‐ring current collection is an efficient current‐collecting mode. At 600°C, the device exhibited a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.02 V and a peak power density of 216 mW cm−2, with a total active area of 2.28 cm2. Exhaust gas analysis reveals a 99.13% ammonia decomposition rate at 600°C.
Latin American consensus on the treatment of melasma
Authors: Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Alas‐Carbajal Roberto , Bonifaz‐Araujo Jorge F. , Marín‐Castro Hernando , Valenzuela‐Ahumada Fernando , Véliz‐Barandiarán José Luis , Vila Echague Agustina , Zepeda‐Reyes David E. , Miot Helio A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMelasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder that primarily affects photoexposed areas, occurring most frequently in adult women with darker skin phototypes. The primary factors contributing to its development include sun exposure, sex hormones (e.g., pregnancy), and genetic predisposition. Melasma is highly prevalent in Latin America, where many countries lie in intertropical zones and exhibit significant ethnic diversity because of centuries of intermixing among Native Americans, Europeans, and Sub‐Saharan Africans. Nine Latin American experts formulated a DELPHI‐based consensus to develop a valuable approach for treating melasma in this diverse population. After establishing an accurate diagnosis, assessing the impact on quality of life, and determining disease severity, the consensus recommends mitigating known triggers and promoting rigorous photoprotection. Active therapy should be tailored based on individual characteristics (e.g., pregnancy status, previous treatments, skin sensitivity). Treatment options include topical depigmenting agents, systemic therapies, and procedural interventions such as laser therapy, microneedling, and chemical peels. Periodic reassessment of the treatment is essential, with strategies adjusted if targeted outcomes are not achieved. Once clinical remission is attained, patients should continue using topical depigmenting agents and maintain strict photoprotection measures to prevent recurrence.
Acute Mast Cell Leukemia With Complex Karyomorphism and Karyotypes
Authors: Li Sha , Zhao Yantian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA 51‐year‐old woman visited the emergency department because of intermittent fever for more than 2 weeks. Physical examination found symmetrical pitting edema of the extremities. Computed tomography and ultrasound showed multiple serous effusions and splenomegaly. A complete blood cell analysis showed moderate anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. Abnormal cells in a subsequent peripheral blood smear accounted for 5%. The bone marrow smear showed a large number of abnormal cells (69.5%), with large cell bodies and pseudopod protrusions. Huge multinucleated cells were visible. Nucleoli were visible in some nuclei, and mitotic figures were evident. The abnormal cells by peroxidase staining were negative, and the positive rate by periodic acid–Schiff staining was 62%. Bone marrow biopsy revealed diffuse infiltration of heterotypic cells (approximately 80%). Later, she was transferred to the hematology department. The phenotypes by flow cytometry were CD117bri+, CD30+, MPO−, CD2−, and CD25−. The molecular test for KIT gene mutation was negative, and multiple karyotypes were abnormal and complex. The final diagnosis was mast cell leukemia. The patient eventually died approximately 1 month after the diagnosis.
ADAM10 modulates the efficacy of T‐cell‐mediated therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed ME , Miao Yu , Ming Ning , Ouyang Chenxi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractT‐cell‐mediated therapeutic strategies are the most potent effectors of cancer immunotherapy. However, an essential barrier to this therapy in solid tumors is disrupting the anti‐cancer immune response, cancer‐immunity cycle, T‐cell priming, trafficking and T‐cell cytotoxic capacity. Thus, reinforcing the anti‐cancer immune response is needed to improve the effectiveness of T‐cell‐mediated therapy. Tumor‐associated protease ADAM10, endothelial cells (ECs) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells engage in complex communication via adhesion, transmigration and chemotactic mechanisms to facilitate an anti‐cancer immune response. The precise impact of ADAM10 on the intricate mechanisms underlying these interactions remains unclear. This paper broadly explores how ADAM10, through different routes, influences the efficacy of T‐cell‐mediated therapy. ADAM10 cleaves CD8+ T‐cell‐targeting genes and impacts their expression and specificity. In addition, ADAM10 mediates the interactions of adhesion molecules with T cells and influences CD8+ T‐cell activity and trafficking. Thus, understanding the role of ADAM10 in these events may lead to innovative strategies for advancing T‐cell‐mediated therapies.
Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by autophagy and mitophagy
Authors: Gupta Suman , Cassel Suzanne L. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. , Dagvadorj Jargalsaikhan 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that upon activation by the innate immune system drives a broad inflammatory response. The primary initial mediators of this response are pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18, both of which are in an inactive form. Formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase‐1, which cleaves pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18 and triggers the formation of gasdermin D pores. Gasdermin D pores allow for the secretion of active IL‐1β and IL‐18 initiating the organism‐wide inflammatory response. The NLRP3 inflammasome response can be beneficial to the host; however, if the NLRP3 inflammasome is inappropriately activated it can lead to significant pathology. While the primary components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are known, the precise details of assembly and activation are less well defined and conflicting. Here, we discuss several of the proposed pathways of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We examine the role of subcellular localization and the reciprocal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by autophagy. We focus on the roles of mitochondria and mitophagy in activating and regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we detail the impact of pathologic NLRP3 responses in the development and manifestations of pulmonary disease.
dbVAST: A web server for single nucleotide polymorphism variations in penaeid shrimp
Authors: Kaikkolante Nimisha , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Krishnan Karthic , Prabhudas Sudheesh Kommu , Selvababu Dinesh Babu , Jagabattula Syama Dayal , Palliyath Gangaraj Karyath , Jayaraman Roja , Koyadan Vijayan Kizhakedath , Mudagandur Shashi Shekhar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough farmed shrimp contribute to global food security and foreign exchange, the development of genomic resources such as single nucleotide polymorphisms for these shrimp is at slow pace. Public genomic resources like Genbank and Ensembl do not host polymorphism data for shrimp. Therefore, through analysis of the short RNA‐sequence reads generated on pooled‐individual samples, using the latest bioinformatics tools, this study documents data of single nucleotide polymorphisms in two shrimp species, Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus indicus, and presents these data in a searchable user‐friendly webtool, the dbVAST. The webtool also hosts the information about the possible effects that the variations could have on the functioning of the coded protein. This is the first open‐access SNP database of shrimp intended to benefit researchers and academicians by showcasing variations in shrimp transcripts.
Is sinus rhythm maintenance after repeat catheter ablation effective in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
Authors: Egami Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Sugino Ayako , Abe Masaru , Osuga Mizuki , Nohara Hiroaki , Kawanami Shodai , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Yasumoto Koji , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance (SRM) after catheter ablation (CA) of AF (AFCA) in HFpEF has shown to reduce adverse events as compared to medical treatment. However, it remains unclear whether SRM after a repeat CA for recurrent AF has the same effect as SRM after the initial CA in patients with AF and HFpEF.Methods and ResultsWe studied 244 AF patients with HFpEF who maintained SR after repeat AFCA (repeat CA‐SRM group, n = 54) and initial AFCA (initial CA‐SRM group, n = 190). HFpEF were defined as HFA‐PEFF score of 5 or 6 and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% before the initial CA. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, or strokes within 3 years after the initial or repeat CA. The incidence of the primary endpoint was similar between the repeat CA‐SRM and initial CA‐SRM groups (3 of 54 [5.6%] vs. 8 of 190 [4.2%], p = .423 by a log‐rank test). There was no significant difference in the 12‐month HFA‐PEFF score and the proportion of a 12‐month HFA‐PEFF score <5 between the repeat CA‐SRM and the initial CA‐SRM groups (5 [4,6] vs. 5 [4,6], p = .915, and 46% vs. 35%, p = .426, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with AF and HFpEF diagnosed by HFA‐PEFF score, the primary endpoint of all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, and strokes was similar between the repeat CA‐SRM and initial CA‐SRM groups.
Money Talks? The Effectiveness of Sanctions in the ‘Rule of Law’ Conflict in the European Union
Authors: Holesch Adam , Portela Clara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU) responded to democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland by implementing a sanctions toolbox, which includes the Article 7 Treaty on European Union (TEU) mechanism, infringement procedures and funding conditionality. Whilst the Article 7 TEU procedure has been extensively studies and found to be ineffective, the efficacy of infringement procedures and the recently introduced funding conditionality – comprising the Conditionality Regulation, the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the Common Provisions Regulation – remains less understood. Drawing on the sanctions scholarship, we identify two central determinants for sanction effectiveness: the credibility of sanctions imposition and their economic costs. We then explore how they influence the effectiveness of the sanction mechanisms introduced by the EU by testing four hypotheses. The findings indicate that both infringement procedures and funding conditionality are only partially effective. This comparative analysis enhances our understanding of coercive mechanisms that can mitigate decline in democratic governance.
Real‐Time PCR as a Tool for Detection and Identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus Based on Trace Amounts of Their DNA Left in the Vector—The Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis
Authors: Filipiak Anna , Tomalak Marek 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe quarantine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a causative agent of the pine wilt disease. In Europe, the nematode is vectored by Monochamus galloprovincialis which is also a natural vector of the native, nonpathogenic B. mucronatus. Based on the established regulations, long‐term detection surveys of pine wood and vector insects for the presence of B. xylophilus are obligatory in all EU member countries. The main objective of the presented research was to use the real‐time PCR technique for the fast and precise detection, and identification of Bursaphelenchus nematodes associated with M. galloprovincialis ssp. pistor occurring in Poland. The research conducted on beetles collected in forest stands in Poland revealed exclusive presence of the native, nonpathogenic nematode B. mucronatus. At the beginning of the beetle flight season (June–July), the use of the real‐time PCR allowed detection of B. mucronatus, in the case of its physical presence in the body of the dissected M. galloprovincialis. However, at the end of the flight season (September–October), the DNA of B. mucronatus was also found in some beetles with no physical presence of nematodes in tracheas or under elytra. The univoltine biology of the beetle, gradual decline in dispersal juveniles to zero in/on the beetle body, and positive results of real‐time PCR reaction could indicate that in some of the beetles earlier loaded with nematodes, at the end of the season, only their remains were left after the live nematodes' departure during the vector's maturation feeding and/or egg laying. The obtained results confirm extremely high sensitivity of the real‐time PCR method used in detection and identification of both nematode species which may simultaneously occur in M. galloprovincialis beetles. It allows for precise detection of the nematodes based on their remains left in/on the vector insects.
Influence of the Ethanol Lure and Concentration on Captures of Ambrosia Beetles in Tree Fruits and Ornamentals
Authors: Govindaraju Ramkumar , Hayter Jensen , Chong Juang Horng , Del Pozo‐Valdivia Alejandro I. , Cottrell Ted E. , Walgenbach James F. , Scheyer Thomas W. , Blaauw Brett R. , Reding Michael E. , Ranger Christopher M. , Joseph Shimat V. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTXylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major ambrosia beetle pests in tree nut and fruit orchards and ornamental nurseries in the eastern United States (USA). Ethanol‐baited bottle traps and ethanol‐infused tree stem sections (i.e., bolts) have been used to monitor ambrosia beetles, but limited studies exist on the influence of ethanol‐lure release rate on ambrosia beetle trap captures and bolt attacks. We designed this study to compare low‐release (LR) and high‐release (HR) ethanol lures in bottle traps for capturing invasive ambrosia beetles. We also compared beetle attacks among bolts pre‐soaked in ethanol solutions of low (10%) and high (90%) concentrations and bolts cored and filled with the same low and high ethanol concentrations. In 2022, experiments were conducted in ornamental nurseries and apple, peach, or pecan orchards in five USA states. Higher numbers of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were captured in bottle traps baited with the HR ethanol lure compared to the LR lure at most of the study sites. More attacks per bolt by X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were observed at most sites on pre‐soaked and filled bolts with 90% compared to 10% solutions of ethanol. Bolts soaked in low (10%) ethanol solutions sustained more attacks from both X. crassiusculus and X. germanus than cored bolts filled with low ethanol. These results will assist with monitoring the flight activity of invasive ambrosia beetles within nut, fruit, and ornamental tree crops.
Barriers and facilitators of adherence to clinical practice guidelines in Germany—A systematic review
Authors: Shehu Eni , Kugler Charlotte M. , Schäfer Niklas , Rosen Diane , Schaefer Corinna , Kötter Thomas , Follmann Markus , Pieper Dawid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRationaleClinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) represent evidence‐based tools designed to assist healthcare practitioners and patients in decisions in clinical practice. Evidence supports the clinical benefits of adhering to CPGs. However, their successful implementation and adherence in clinical settings often encounter challenges.Aims and ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to explore barriers and facilitators influencing adherence to CPGs in Germany.MethodThe protocol of this study was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) registry (DOI: 10.17605/OSF. IO/GMFUB). In November 2022 we searched on PubMed and Embase for primary studies employing qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods approaches that focus on barriers or facilitators to CPGs adherence in the Germany. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the studies. The collected data on barriers and facilitators of CPG adherence were systematically categorized and analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).ResultsA total of 24 studies were included, mainly focusing on adherence to national CPGs. This review introduces a new domain, guideline characteristics, reflecting the need to address barriers and facilitators to CPG development, implementation, dissemination and format, which couldn't be encompassed within the existing 14 domains of TDF framework. Among healthcare professionals, the most frequently reported influencing factors were related to the environmental context and resources (encompassing aspects such as employer support for CPG utilization), the CPG development and dissemination process (including layout, wording, and interactive tools) and beliefs about consequences (such as contradictions with practical experience). Knowledge (knowledge about the content of CPGs, awareness about published CPGs), primarily as a barrier, and reinforcement facilitators (notably financial support), were also frequently reported.ConclusionThe findings revealed multilevel factors contributing to CPG adherence, with environmental context and resources emerging as the most frequently reported considerations. This systematic review offer holistic insights into the barriers and facilitators of CPG adherence in Germany. The results contribute to a better understanding of the topic and serve as a resource for developing targeted strategies to enhance CPG adherence and implementation within the German healthcare system.