bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Computing Budget Allocation for Data-Driven Ranking and Selection
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Zhou Enlu 
Published: September 2024

In a fixed-budget ranking and selection (R&S) problem, one aims to identify the best design among a finite number of candidates by efficiently allocating the given computing budget to evaluate design performance. Classical methods for R&S usually assume the distribution of the randomness in the system is exactly known. In this paper, we consider the practical scenario where the true distribution is unknown but can be estimated from streaming input data that arrive in batches over time. We formulate the R&S problem in this dynamic setting as a multistage problem where we adopt the Bayesian approach to estimate the distribution, and we formulate a stagewise optimization problem to allocate the computing budget. We characterize the optimality conditions for the stagewise problem by applying the large deviations theory to maximize the decay rate of the probability of false selection. Based on the optimality conditions and combined with the updating of distribution estimates, we design two sequential budget allocation procedures for R&S under streaming input data. We theoretically guarantee the consistency and asymptotic optimality of the proposed procedures. We demonstrate the practical efficiency through numerical experiments in comparison with the equal allocation policy and an extension of the optimal computing budget allocation algorithm. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-22-1-0244], the National Science Foundation [Grant NSF-DMS2053489], and the NSF AI Institute for Advances in Optimization under [Grant NSF-2112533]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2024.0035 .
Occupational therapy interventions provided for service users while in seclusion within a medium secure mental health unit: a service evaluation
Authors: Link Wendy , Bowser Anita , Donovan-Hall Maggie 
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims Service users who have spent time in seclusion describe it as a negative experience, viewing it as punishment. Although occupational therapists work within these settings, there is limited research and documentation of interventions aimed at reducing occupational deprivation in seclusion. A service evaluation was conducted at a medium secure adult mental health unit to better understand the current practices of occupational therapists working in seclusion. Methods A bespoke tool was developed to capture occupational therapy interventions within a 12-month timeline. Results Data showed that there were 31 interventions provided across 300 days of seclusion for 16 patients. Therapy lasted between 5 and 45 minutes involving a range of adapted interventions and resources appropriate for positive risk taking. Conclusions Despite creative and adaptive interventions identified, provision of occupational therapy appeared sporadic and restricted by a 5-day service. This illustrates the need for specialist training and guidelines to support an integrated and consistent approach.
Power-aided probabilistic shaping parameter optimization for long-haul optical fiber transmission
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Qi , Li Xinying , Xin Xiangjun , Wang Fu , Gao Ran , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Wang Yongjun , Yang Leijing , Wang Xishuo , Jiang Jinkun 
Published: September 2024

A power-aided probabilistic shaping (PS) parameter optimization scheme is proposed to localize the optimal transmitting setup and maximize the transmission capacity in long-haul optical fiber transmission. Using a neural network and genetic algorithm (NNGA), the proposed scheme can select the optimal transmission parameter set, including the launching optical power (LOP) and three PS characteristics. We built a testbed using MATLAB and VPI to validate the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme was demonstrated in a dual-polarization coherent transmission system. The results show that the proposed scheme improves the generalized mutual information (GMI) by 0.3035 bits/symbol/pol and normalized GMI by 0.1022 in a 1000 km G.654E fiber transmission at 420-Gbit/s, compared to a traditional MB-based PS technique. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieves a gain of 1.003 dB, which validates the outperformance of the proposed scheme.
ECM-YOLO: a real-time detection method of steel surface defects based on multiscale convolution
Authors: Yan Chunman , Xu Ee 
Published: September 2024

Steel surface defects, characterized by multiple types, varied scales, and overlapping occurrences, directly impact the quality, performance, and reliability of industrial products. Proposing a high-precision and high-speed steel surface defect detection algorithm is crucial for ensuring product quality. In this regard, this paper introduces ECM-YOLO, a detection network based on YOLOv8n. First, addressing the insufficient information capture of the C2f module, the C2f enhanced multiscale convolution processing (C2f_EMSCP) module is proposed, enhancing global and local feature capture capabilities through multiscale convolutions. Second, to further enhance the network’s robustness and focus on critical information, the channel prior convolutional attention (CPCA) mechanism is integrated between the backbone and neck networks to facilitate more efficient information transmission. Last, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, detection head, i.e., multiscale simple and efficient anchor matching head (MultiSEAMHead), is proposed to mitigate accuracy issues arising from overlaps between different types of defects. Experimental results demonstrate that ECM-YOLO achieves mAPs of 78.9% and 68.2% on the NEU-DET and GC 10-DET data sets, respectively, outperforming YOLOv8n by 2.5% and 4.4%. Moreover, ECM-YOLO excels in model parameters, computational efficiency, and inference speed compared with other models. These findings highlight the applicability of ECM-YOLO for real-time defect detection in industrial settings.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Chey William D. , Howden Colin W. , Moss Steven F. , Morgan Douglas R. , Greer Katarina B. , Grover Shilpa , Shah Shailja C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pyloriis a prevalent, global infectious disease that causes dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The American College of Gastroenterology commissioned this clinical practice guideline (CPG) to inform the evidence-based management of patients withH. pyloriinfection in North America. This CPG used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to systematically analyze 11 Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome questions and generate recommendations. Where evidence was insufficient or the topic did not lend itself to GRADE, expert consensus was used to create 6 key concepts. For treatment-naive patients withH. pyloriinfection, bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) for 14 days is the preferred regimen when antibiotic susceptibility is unknown. Rifabutin triple therapy or potassium-competitive acid blocker dual therapy for 14 days is a suitable empiric alternative in patients without penicillin allergy. In treatment-experienced patients with persistentH. pyloriinfection, “optimized” BQT for 14 days is preferred for those who have not been treated with optimized BQT previously and for whom antibiotic susceptibility is unknown. In patients previously treated with optimized BQT, rifabutin triple therapy for 14 days is a suitable empiric alternative. Salvage regimens containing clarithromycin or levofloxacin should only be used if antibiotic susceptibility is confirmed. The CPG also addresses who to test, the need for universal post-treatment test-of-cure, and the current evidence regarding antibiotic susceptibility testing and its role in guiding the choice of initial and salvage treatment. The CPG concludes with a discussion of proposed research priorities to address knowledge gaps and inform future management recommendations in patients withH. pyloriinfection from North America.
Incidence Trends in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer in Young Adults: A Nationwide Time-Trend Analysis Using 2001–2019 US Cancer Statistics Databases
Authors: Liang Jeff , Rastegar Ryan , El Helou Mohamad , Mathur Kushagra , Larson Brent K. , Waters Kevin , Vasireddy Anila , Randhawa Navikran , Mubarak Muhammad , Advani Rashmi , Osipov Arsen , Gong Jun , Hendifar Andrew , Liu Quin , Park Kenneth H. , Watson Rabindra , Pandol Stephen J. , Lo Simon , Gaddam Srinivas 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, comprising malignancies of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder, are the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and are associated with significant comorbidities. Recent studies show a disproportionate rise in pancreatic and stomach cancer among young adults. This study aims to use a nationwide, population-based cohort to (i) evaluate the trend of all UGI cancer as an aggregate and (ii) examine the role of demographics, histology, and tumor stage in UGI cancer incidence among young adults.

METHODS:
Individuals diagnosed with UGI cancer in the United States from 2001 to 2019 were identified and obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results—National Program of Cancer Registries database. The primary outcomes were incidence rates of UGI cancer (calculated per 100,000, age-adjusted to the year 2000 US population), stratified by sex and age (< 55 years for young adults and ≥ 55 years for older adults). Trends, annual percentage change, and average annual percentage change were calculated using the parametric method. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to primary site and histology; further analysis examining race and cancer stage was performed in the young adult subgroup.

RESULTS:
A total of 2,333,161 patients with UGI cancer were identified. Most cases were male, and 14.3% were < 55 years of age. Incidence of UGI cancer increased most in women younger than 55 years, driven primarily by pancreatic and stomach cancers, as well as neuroendocrine tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor histology. African American race and localized tumors and malignancy with distant spread are also contributing to the disparate increase among young women. UGI mortality rates have not changed significantly in young adults.

DISCUSSION:
The overall incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer is increasing significantly in young women compared with men. Increased endoscopic procedures and disparate exposure to risk factors are likely contributing to these trends.
Higher Rate of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Recurrence With Secondary Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Prophylaxis Compared With No Prophylaxis in 2 National Cirrhosis Cohorts
Authors: Silvey Scott , Patel Nilang R. , Tsai Stephanie Y. , Nadeem Mahum , Sterling Richard K. , Markley John D. , French Evan , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) bacteriology has changed over time. Reappraisal of primary SBP prophylaxis showed an increased rate of resistance in patients on primary prophylaxis with resultant discontinuation of this prophylaxis throughout the Veterans Affairs (VA). We aimed to re-evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of secondary SBP prophylaxis (SecSBPPr).

METHODS:
Using validated International Classification of Diseases
-9/10 codes, we used the VA Corporate Data Warehouse and the Non-VA National TriNetX database to identify patients in 2 different large US systems who survived their first SBP diagnosis (with chart review from 2 VA centers) between 2009 and 2019. We evaluated the prevalence of SecSBPPr and compared outcomes between those who started on SecSBPPr vs not.

RESULTS:
We identified 4,673 veterans who survived their index SBP episode; 54.3% of whom were prescribed SecSBPPr. Multivariable analysis showed higher SBP recurrence risk in those on vs off SecSBPPr (hazards ratio 1.63 [1.40–1.91], P < 0.001). This was accompanied by higher fluoroquinolone resistance odds in SecSBPPr patients (odds ratio = 4.32 [1.36–15.83], P = 0.03). In TriNetX, we identified 6,708 patients who survived their index SBP episode; 48.6% were on SecSBPPr. Multivariable analysis similarly showed SecSBPPr increased SBP recurrence risk (hazards ratio 1.68 [1.33–1.80], P < 0.001). Both data sets showed higher SBP recurrence trends over time in SecSBPPr patients. Results remained consistent at 6-month and 2-year timepoints.

DISCUSSION:
In 2 national data sets of >11,000 patients with SBP, we found that SecSBPPr was prescribed in roughly half of patients. When initiated, SecSBPPr, compared with no prophylaxis after SBP, increased the risk of SBP recurrence in multivariable analysis by 63%–68%, and this trend worsened over time. SecSBPPr should be reconsidered in cirrhosis.
Metagenomics Analysis Reveals Unique Gut Microbiota Signature of Slow-Transit Constipation
Authors: Han Kyungsun , Kuo Braden , Khalili Hamed , Staller Kyle 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Altered gut microbiota may play a role in slow-transit constipation (STC). We conducted a study of gut microbiota composition and functionality in STC using metagenomic analyses.

METHODS:
We assembled a clinical cohort of 24 patients with STC physiology age- and sex-matched to 24 controls. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing followed by prediction of metabolite composition from functional profiles.

RESULTS:
In a middle-aged (mean 55.3 years), predominantly female cohort, there were no significant differences in α-diversity indices, but permutational multivariate analysis of variance analysis showed significant between-group differences (R2 = 0.050, P < 0.001) between STC patients and controls. Gordonibacter pamelaeae, Bifidobacterium longum, Firmicutes bacterium co-abundance gene group 94, and Anaerotruncus colihominis were more abundant in STC, whereas Coprococcus comes and Roseburia intestinalis were more abundant in controls. Gut-derived metabolites varying in STC relative to controls were related to bile acid and cholesterol metabolism.

DISCUSSION:
We found a unique metagenomic and metabolomic signature of STC.
Vernacular Historiography and Shamanic Genealogy of the Barga People. Ongγod qar-a sakiγus-un teüke Reconsidered
Authors: Sobkowiak Piotr , Sobkovyak Ekaterina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A manuscript entitled Ongγod qar-a sakiγus-un teüke sudur bičig orosiba, written in the Classical Mongolian script, was acquired by Henning Haslund-Christensen in the Barga area of the Chakhar province of Inner Mongolia during the Royal Danish Geographical Society’s Central Asian Expedition (1938–1939). The text is currently preserved in the Royal Library of Copenhagen. Scholars who have previously worked with the source have characterised it as a secular chronicle on the origins of shamanism among the Chakhars or a Mongolian shamanistic manuskript, dating not later than the eighteenth century. The present article offers a detailed philological-historical analysis of the chronicle’s content and language as well as the historical circumstances of its discovery. Based on this analysis, the authors reconsider the source’s dating, re-evaluate the information included in the chronicle in the context of the political and cultural history of particular ethnic groups such as the Bargas, Solons and Uriankhais, and seek to prove that the text cannot be viewed as a source on Mongolian or Central Asian shamanism considered as a homogeneous religious system.
Football statues and semiotics
Authors: Sørensen Bent 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Every football statue transcends mere physical representation; it stands as a public monument constructed to commemorate and honor specific subjects. The football statue involves an intricate interplay of communication factors and functions, potentially transforming into a message imbued with encyclopedic signs to serve its communicative purposes. Importantly, the football statue, as a communication phenomenon, extends beyond a simple semiotic relation between the statue and a viewer. We must also consider the addresser’s intentions, including strategies for engaging the viewer as an addressee. This duality involves referencing both historical and spatial contexts (the physical environment) beyond the message itself. And various semiotic means – also poetic – capture the viewer’s attention and maintain contact. We understand the semiotics of football statues from the perspectives of Eco (encyclopedia, intentio auctoris, model reader), Jakobson (communication model), Peirce (icon, index, symbol, collateral experience), and Barthes (relay, anchorage). Our analytical descriptions/examples solely concern UK statuary after an examination of 89 statues.
Wettbewerb im akademischen Publikationsmarkt als Treiber für Diversität und Teilhabe im Wissenschaftsbetrieb
Authors: Schmal Wolfgang Benedikt 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der akademische Publikationsmarkt ist geprägt durch die oligopolistische Struktur der Verlage, die Fachzeitschriften herausgeben. Zwei Aspekte sind besonders auffällig: Wenige große kommerzielle Verlage besitzen hohe Marktanteile in fast allen Forschungsdisziplinen. Dies spiegelt sich in hohen Subskriptions- und Publikationskosten wider. Gleichzeitig wird der Großteil der Arbeit für die Zeitschriften kostenfrei von den Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern bereitgestellt. Dieses Paradoxon erklärt sich durch den außerordentlichen Stellenwert bedeutender Fachzeitschriften für die Forschenden, den die Verlage in Marktmacht ummünzen. Während zentrale Stakeholder im Markt vor allem die Themen Open Access und Open Science auf die Agenda setzen, argumentiere ich in diesem Beitrag, dass Wettbewerb eine Schlüsselrolle dabei einnimmt, nicht nur volkswirtschaftliche Effizienz, sondern darüber hinaus Diversität und Teilhabe von Forschenden zu steigern. Eine exponierte Option wäre eine Abwendung vom mittlerweile etablierten „pay per article“ System zurück zu Subskriptionsmodellen.
Recent progress in nanomaterials of battery energy storage: A patent landscape analysis, technology updates, and future prospects
Authors: Motalib Hossain M. A. , Ker Pin Jern , Tiong Sieh Kiong , Indra Mahlia T. M. , Hannan M. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The world’s energy demand has significantly increased as a result of the growing population and accompanying rise in energy usage. Fortunately, the innovation of nanomaterials (NMs) and their corresponding processing into devices and electrodes could enhance the functionality and/or advancement of the current battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Patent landscape analysis (PLA) can offer a comprehensive overview of technological development trends and enable discussion in interdisciplinary areas that facilitate more rational technology planning in the future. In this study, PLA of recent advancements in the NM-based BESS was critically analyzed, future technologies forecasted, and potential challenges outlined. A search was performed in the Lens database using “energy storage system,” “battery,” and “nanomaterial,” and related patents under the simple family were extracted. Finally, after excluding duplicates and irrelevant patents, a total of 89 patents were selected for analysis using various parameters. The article provides a current technical overview along with an extensive bibliographic review of the patent family, trends of patent growth, key inventors and owners, patent legal status, patent jurisdiction, top cited patents, etc., as well as technological updates. Overall, nanotechnology has great potential for the future; however, further research and studies are necessary to accelerate the widespread usage of NMs in energy storage systems using cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies.
Controversial issues in the Handbook of the IPA
Authors: Grønnum Nina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The introductory text in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet is an instruction manual, not an authoritative textbook in phonetics/phonology. That does not, however, exempt it from an obligation to be explicit and unambiguous. In that respect, the account of the distinction between phonetic and phonemic representations leaves something to be desired. Another issue is the ambiguous attitude to force of articulation (fortis and lenis) in obstruent consonants. Finally, the Handbook should be consistent in the notation of diphthongs and affricates.
Creatine and strength training in older adults: an update
Authors: Forbes Scott C. , Candow Darren G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aging is associated with numerous physiological, musculoskeletal, and neurological impairments including a loss of muscle, strength, function, bone mineral, and cognition. Strength training is an effective intervention to counter these age-associated declines. In addition, creatine supplementation is purported to enhance strength training gains in lean tissue mass, muscular strength, and function. There is emerging evidence that creatine combined with strength training can alter bone geometry and cognitive performance. The purpose of this review is to update previous meta-analyses examining creatine combined with strength training on lean tissue mass and bone density compared to strength training and placebo. A secondary purpose was to explore the effects of creatine and strength training on cognition. Updated meta-analyses revealed that creatine enhances lean tissue mass (mean difference [MD]: 1.18 kg, 95 % CI: 0.70–1.67; p<0.00001) and upper body muscular strength (standard mean difference [SMD]: 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.05–0.43; p=0.02) compared to strength training and placebo. Creatine combined with strength training had no greater effects compared to strength training and placebo on lower body muscular strength (SMD: 0.17, 95 % CI: −0.03–0.38; p=0.09), whole-body (MD: −0.00 g cm−2; 95 % CI: −0.01–0.00, p=0.32), femoral neck (MD: −0.00 g cm−2; 95 % CI: −0.01–0.00, p=1.00), or lumbar bone mineral density (MD: 0.00 g cm−2, 95 % CI: −0.01–0.01; p=045). There is preliminary evidence that combining strength training and creatine is an effective strategy to improve bone geometry in postmenopausal females and cognitive function in older adults. Overall, the combination of creatine and strength training has favorable effects on lean tissue mass and upper body strength. In contrast, creatine combined with strength training does not enhance lower-body strength or bone mineral.
Interaction effects between the rotor wake and hub leakage flow in a multi-stage cantilevered compressor
Authors: Deng Hefang , Xia Kailong , Qiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Mingmin , Teng Jinfang , Lu Shaopeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The cantilevered stator is a typical configuration for axial compressors. To gain insight into the effect of the hub leakage flow, unsteady simulations were performed in a multi-stage cantilevered compressor. The main goal is to gain a better understanding of the interaction between the upstream rotor wake and hub leakage flow, and the effect of the hub leakage flow on the downstream rotor performance. The results show that the upstream rotor wake affects the hub loading of the cantilevered stator periodically and thus changes the leakage flow characteristics, leading to an unsteady benefit in the vicinity of the hub. At the higher span region, the unsteady benefit depends on the reversible recovery and the wake-boundary layer interaction. The increased hub clearance not only causes performance degradation on the cantilevered stator but deteriorates the downstream rotor performance, especially for the absolute angle due to the mass flow redistribution. These results indicate great attention should be paid to the interaction between the upstream rotor wake and the hub leakage flow, and also the stage matching caused by the hub leakage flow in the design process of cantilevered compressors.