bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Development of Pharmaceutical Agents for Metabolic Disorders: A Computational Perspective
Authors: Janardhan Sridhara , Dubovskaja Varvara , Lagunin Alexey , Rao Batchu Venkateswara , Sastry Garikapati Narahari , Poroikov Vladimir 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Metabolic disorders comprise a set of different disorders varying from
epidemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus to inborn metabolic orphan diseases such as phenylketonuria.
Despite considerable evidence showing the importance of the computational methods
in discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, there are no systematic reviews outlining
how they are utilized in the field of metabolic disorders. This review aims to discuss the
necessity of the development of web-based tools and databases by integration of available information
for solving Big Data problems in network pharmacology of metabolic disorders.

Methods:
We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research
literature using a focused review question and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The quality of
retrieved papers was appraised using standard tools.

Results:
The alterations in metabolic pathways cause various cardiovascular, hematological, neurological,
gastrointestinal, immune disorders and cancer. In this regard, informatics, Big Data and
modeling techniques aid in the design of novel therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases by addressing
various Big Data problems in the network polypharmacology (drugs/pharmaceutical
agents, proteins, genes, diseases, bioassays, ADMET and metabolic pathways), identification of
privileged scaffolds, developing new diagnostic biomarkers, understanding the pathophysiology
of disease and progress in personalized medicine.

Conclusion:
The recent advances of developing pharmaceutical agents for various metabolic disorders
by considering their pathogenesis, mechanisms of action, therapeutic and adverse effects
have been summarized. We have highlighted the role of computational techniques, drug repurposing,
and network-based polypharmacological approaches in the identification of new/existing
medicines with improved drug-likeness properties for the rare metabolic disorders.
Recent Research Trends on Bismuth Compounds in Cancer Chemoand Radiotherapy
Authors: Kowalik Mateusz , Masternak Joanna , Barszcz Barbara 
Published: October 2017

Background:Application of coordination chemistry in nanotechnology is a rapidly developing research field in medicine. Bismuth complexes have been widely used in biomedicine with satisfactory therapeutic effects, mostly in Helicobacter pylori eradication, but also as potential antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial agents. Additionally, in recent years, application of bismuth-based compounds as potent anticancer drugs has been studied extensively.Methods:Search for data connected with recent trends on bismuth compounds in cancer chemo- and radiotherapy was carried out using web-based literature searching tools such as ScienceDirect, Springer, Royal Society of Chemistry, American Chemical Society and Wiley. Pertinent literature is covered up to 2016.Results:In this review, based on 213 papers, we highlighted a number of current problems connected with: (i) characterization of bismuth complexes with selected thiosemicarbazone, hydrazone, and dithiocarbamate classes of ligands as potential chemotherapeutics. Literature results derived from 50 papers show that almost all bismuth compounds inhibit growth and proliferation of breast, colon, ovarian, lung, and other tumours; (ii) pioneering research on application of bismuth-based nanoparticles and nanodots for radiosensitization. Results show great promise for improvement in therapeutic efficacy of ionizing radiation in advanced radiotherapy (described in 36 papers); and (iii) research challenges in using bismuth radionuclides in targeted radioimmunotherapy, connected with choice of adequate radionuclide, targeting vector, proper bifunctional ligand and problems with 213Bi recoil daughters toxicity (derived from 92 papers).Conclusion:This review presents recent research trends on bismuth compounds in cancer chemo- and radiotherapy, suggesting directions for future research.
Leaf and seedling morphology: the two prospective parameters to trace phylogeny in apiaceae subfamily apioideae.
Authors: Das Saubhik 
Published: October 2017

Determination of phylogenetic affinity among the members of Apiaceae especially the subfamily Apioideae is much debatable. The morphological evidences on inflorescence, fruit and seed characters showed little concomitance with those derived from molecular parameters as far as groupings in clades are concerned. In the present study involving few selected Apiaceae members, a Dendrogram was computed and a putative evolutionary trend was outlined based on leaf margin insertion pattern and cotyledonary leaf features, general plant morphology as well as leaf surface micromorphology by SEM. The members of Apiaceae with broad-ovate pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves and ovate –lanceolate cotyledonary leaves were included in a distinct cluster but the members with pinnatisect – decompounds leaves and linear cotyledonary leaves were included in a separate cluster. Long Coriander (Eryngium foetidum) included in the subfamily Saniculoideae may represent the most primitive condition having simple entire leaf with spiny margin. The member like Long coriander might have served as progenitor stock from which Coriander, Celery, Parsley (all with ovate pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves) and Cumin, Fennel, Dill (all having pinnatisect to decompounds leaves with linear segments) might have originated as evidenced by gradual increase in marginal insertion. Similarly, gradual narrowing of ovate-lanceolate cotyledonary leaves might have given rise to narrow linear cotyledonary leaves. Leaf-margin insertion pattern and cotyledonary leaf features appeared to be promising in tracing phylogeny in Apiaceae especially in Apioideae. Simple entire leaf represents the primitive condition and evolution in Apiaceae supposed to have progressed towards gradual increase in marginal insertion leading to pinnately dissected, pinnatipartite and ultimately to decompound leaves with narrow linear segments. Dendrogram computed from morphological features showed concomitance with that phylogenetic trend as far as grouping and interrelationships of members are concerned. In the present study leaf margin insertion pattern and seedling morphology appeared to be instrumental in tracing the phylogeny in Apiaceae specially subfamily Apioideae while molecular systematics are not conclusive.
The Dominant Perspective on Terrorism and Its Implication for Social Cohesion: The Case of Singapore
Authors: Rahman Noor Aisha Abdul 
Published: October 2017

This paper seeks to portray and examine the dominant understanding of terrorism
as reflected in official discourse in Singapore. It also evaluates its impact on
attempts aimed at combating terrorism's potent threat to social cohesion. It is
maintained that pervasive influence of the culturalist approach woven into the
understanding of terrorism has had the effect of thrusting into focus Islam and
certain presumptions of the identity and culture of the Muslim community of Singapore.
The dominance of this approach conditions and compounds the lack of a
more comprehensive and objective analysis of the phenomenon informed by concepts
and methodology from the social sciences. This impedes efforts at fostering
social resilience and cohesion aimed at thwarting the looming threat of terrorism.
Immigration and the National Narrative: Rethinking Corporatism in Singapore
Authors: Vasu Norman , Cheong Damien D. 
Published: October 2017

This article argues that the corporatist narrative of governance in Singapore is losing narrative rationality due primarily to large-scale immigration to Singapore. The real or perceived threat from such immigrants has galvanized Singaporeans
from different ethnic groups such that a strong Singaporean identity has emerged. As a result, the once strict artificial differences required for the corporatist narrative to be believable, that is, its narrative rationality, are being gradually eroded. The People's Action Party (PAP) will have to either repair the narrative rationality of corporatism or develop an alternative one that is more relevant in order to continue its narrative dominance of the political space in Singapore.
Rural Financial Reform in China: Progress Made and the Path Forward
Authors: Feng Xingyuan , He Guangwen , Ljungwall Christer 
Published: October 2017

Significant progress has been made in reforming China's rural financial system. Nevertheless, the current institutions are unable to meet the multilayered and diversified demands for rural financial services. Establishing a comprehensive and efficient rural credit system to support the dynamic
commercial sector of the rural economy, small-scale farming and small and medium-size enterprises is the major challenge in China. This article identifies bottlenecks and suggests policies to develop a well-functioning and sustainable agricultural and rural financial system that would address the diverse needs of the rural and agriculture sectors. To preview the policy recommendations, attention should be given first to legislation and supervision, and then to the corporate governance structure of financial institutions.
Hydropower and End-Use Electrical Efficiency in China: State Support and Potential Contribution to Low-Carbon Development
Authors: Magee Darrin 
Published: October 2017

This article examines Chinese state support for two 'new energies'—large hydropower and end-use efficiency—that aims to help meet ambitious national targets for renewable energy and emissions reduction. Large hydropower, while not particularly new, figures prominently in China's renewable energy targets and is considered key to achieving renewable output and carbon reduction goals. National policies promote widespread development of Gigawatt-scale hydropower cascades on China's major rivers, even though the negative impacts are significant and the operating capacities of large dams are often low. On transboundary rivers, China's dam development raises concerns downstream.
Increasing the end-use efficiency of electricity represents a more subtle approach that holds great promise for managing demand and potentially curbing new supply. China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has overseen experimentation with utility-scale 'efficiency power plants' that free up inefficiently-used electricity, resulting in greater power availability on the grid. A study by NDRC's Energy Research Institute (ERI) estimated that a high penetration rate of LED lighting by 2020, once China completes its phase-out of incandescent bulbs, would alone save as much electricity annually as the Three Gorges Dam produces. This article demonstrates the potential for an efficiency-led approach to meeting China's electricity needs.
Region Construction: The Dynamics of Cross-Level Networking in East Asia
Authors: Guan Benny Teh Cheng 
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to explore the dynamics of region construction in East
Asia, through both formal regional institutions and informal regionalization
processes. Regionalism, particularly in Southeast and East Asia, is often
explained as a formal regionalist project. ASEAN serves as a prime example
but many other intra-regional processes, such as the ASEAN plus Three, the
East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum, are also cases in point.
These processes, representing state actors, do not necessarily work in autonomous
spaces and discrete spheres, but rather interact with non-state entities
through multi-level networking. This networking provides opportunities for
the development of either 'positive' or 'negative' regionalism. As such, this
article looks at the interplay of cross-level actor-networks and how they affect
the direction and scope of regionalization in East Asia. It aims to show the
dynamic interplay of multiple regional actors that can consciously or unconsciously
contribute to the strengthening or weakening of region construction.
Grinding With Diamond Burs and Hydrothermal Aging of a Y-TZP Material: Effect on the Material Surface Characteristics and Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Dutra DAM , Pereira GKR , Kantorski KZ , Exterkate RAM , Kleverlaan CJ , Valandro LF , Zanatta FB 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grinding with diamond burs and low-temperature aging on the material surface characteristics and bacteria adhesion on a yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) surface. Y-TZP specimens were made from presintered blocks, sintered as recommended by the manufacturer, and assigned into six groups according to two factors—grinding (three levels: as sintered, grinding with extra-fine diamond bur [25-μm grit], and grinding with coarse diamond bur [181-μm grit]) and hydrothermal aging—to promote low-temperature degradation (two levels: presence/absence). Phase transformation (X-ray diffractometer), surface roughness, micromorphological patterns (atomic force microscopy), and contact angle (goniometer) were analyzed. Bacterial adhesion (colony-forming units [CFU]/biofilm) was quantified using an in vitro polymicrobial biofilm model. Both the surface treatment and hydrothermal aging promoted an increase in m-phase content. Roughness values increased as a function of increasing bur grit sizes. Grinding with a coarse diamond bur resulted in significantly lower values of contact angle (p&lt;0.05) when compared with the extra-fine and control groups, while there were no differences (p&lt;0.05) after hydrothermal aging simulation. The CFU/biofilm results showed that neither the surface treatment nor hydrothermal aging simulation significantly affected the bacteria adherence (p&gt;0.05). Grinding with diamond burs and hydrothermal aging modified the Y-TZP surface properties; however, these properties had no effect on the amount of bacteria adhesion on the material surface.
Bulk-Fill Composites: Effectiveness of Cure With Poly- and Monowave Curing Lights and Modes
Authors: Gan JK , Yap AU , Cheong JW , Arista N , Tan CBK 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY
This study compared the effectiveness of cure of bulk-fill composites using polywave light-emitting diode (LED; with various curing modes), monowave LED, and conventional halogen curing lights. The bulk-fill composites evaluated were Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill (TNC), which contained a novel germanium photoinitiator (Ivocerin), and Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR). The composites were placed into black polyvinyl molds with cylindrical recesses of 4-mm height and 3-mm diameter and photopolymerized as follows: Bluephase N Polywave High (NH), 1200 mW/cm2 (10 seconds); Bluephase N Polywave Low (NL), 650 mW/cm2 (18.5 seconds); Bluephase N Polywave soft-start (NS), 0-650 mW/cm2 (5 seconds) → 1200 mW/cm2 (10 seconds); Bluephase N Monowave (NM), 800 mW/cm2 (15 seconds); QHL75 (QH), 550 mW/cm2 (21.8 seconds). Total energy output was fixed at 12,000 mJ/cm2 for all lights/modes, with the exception of NS. The cured specimens were stored in a light-proof container at 37°C for 24 hours, and hardness (Knoop Hardness Number) of the top and bottom surfaces of the specimens was determined using a Knoop microhardness tester (n=6). Hardness data and bottom-to-top hardness ratios were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Scheffe's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. Hardness ratios ranged from 38.43% ± 5.19% to 49.25% ± 6.38% for TNC and 50.67% ± 1.54% to 67.62% ± 6.96% for SDR. For both bulk-fill composites, the highest hardness ratios were obtained with NM and lowest hardness ratios with NL. While no significant difference in hardness ratios was observed between curing lights/modes for TNC, the hardness ratio obtained with NM was significantly higher than the hardness ratio obtained for NL for SDR.
The Effects of Cavity Preparation and Composite Resin on Bond Strength and Stress Distribution Using the Microtensile Bond Test
Authors: Braga SSL , Oliveira LRS , Rodrigues RB , Bicalho AA , Novais VR , Armstrong S , Soares CJ 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of flowable bulk-fill or conventional composite resin on bond strength and stress distribution in flat or mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity preparations using the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test.

Methods:
Forty human molars were divided into two groups and received either standardized MOD or flat cavity preparations. Restorations were made using the conventional composite resin Z350 (Filtek Z350XT, 3M-ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) or flowable bulk-fill (FBF) composite resin (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, 3M-ESPE). Postgel shrinkage was measured using the strain gauge technique (n=10). The Z350 buildup was made in two increments of 2.0 mm, and the FBF was made in a single increment of 4.0 mm. Six rectangular sticks were obtained for each tooth, and each section was used for μTBS testing at 1.0 mm/min. Polymerization shrinkage was modeled using postgel shrinkage data. The μTBS data were analyzed statistically using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the postgel shrinkage data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. The failure modes were analyzed using a chi-square test (α=0.05).

Results:
Our results show that both the type of cavity preparation and the composite resin used affect the bond strength and stress distribution. The Z350 composite resin had a higher postgel shrinkage than the FBF composite resin. The μTBS of the MOD preparation was influenced by the type of composite resin used. Irrespective of composite resin, flat cavity preparations resulted in higher μTBS than MOD preparations (p&lt;0.001). Specifically, in flat-prepared cavities, FBF composite resin had a similar μTBS relative to Z350 composite resin. However, in MOD-prepared cavities, those with FBF composite resin had higher μTBS values than those with Z350 composite resin. Adhesive failure was prevalent for all tested groups. The MOD preparation resulted in higher shrinkage stress than the flat preparation, irrespective of composite resin. For MOD-prepared cavities, FBF composite resin resulted in lower stress than Z350 composite resin. However, no differences were found for flat-prepared cavities.

Conclusions:
FBF composite resin had lower shrinkage stress than Z350 conventional composite resin. The μTBS of the MOD preparation was influenced by the composite resin type. Flat cavity preparations had no influence on stress and μTBS. However, for MOD preparation, composite resin with higher shrinkage stress resulted in lower μTBS values.
Efecto del tiempo sobre la cuantificación de polifenoles totales con el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu
Authors: Medina Vargas Óscar Julio , Garzón Salcedo Luis Carlos Arturo , Espinosa Manrique Wilfred Edilberto 
Published: October 2017

En este manuscrito se presentan los resultados experimentales obtenidos durante el proceso de cuantificación de polifenoles totales en función del tiempo, mediante la metodología de Folin-Ciocalteu y ácido gálico como molécula de referencia. El trabajo se realizó para obtener el tiempo apropiado de reacción entre el ácido gálicoy el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu, dado que en la literatura se encuentra, para esta metodología, un conjunto variado de condiciones que pueden afectar la confiabilidad de los resultados experimentales. Se construyeron 5 curvas de calibración para que el ácido gálico interactuara con el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu entre 1,0 y 3,0 horas a intervalos de 30 minutos, y se contrastaron sus valores de pendiente e intercepto entre sí y con los valores de absorbancia del blanco. Se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas de análisis de varianza de un factor y contraste t para dos medias experimentales. Este estudio permitió demostrar que el tiempo es una variable influyente en la cuantificación de polifenoles totales con el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu, y dentro de las condiciones experimentales analizadas se encontró que el tiempo adecuado de interacción fue de 1,0 hora. Palabras clave: ácido gálico, polifenoles totales, reactivo de Folin- Ciocalteu.
Efecto del estado de maduración sobre el contenido de polifenoles totales en frutos de Solanum marginatum
Authors: Correa Fuentes Juanita Del Pilar , Martín Gordo Dario , Pinzón Reyes Sandra Patricia , Cárdenas González Oswaldo Eliécer 
Published: October 2017

El lulo de perro (Solanum marginatum) es una planta que se ha utilizado con fines medicinales, aplicándose de manera externa para dolores articulares y reumáticos, debido a la presencia de algunos alcaloides. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo encontrar alternativas para el manejo de ciertas enfermedades. Se cuantificó el contenido de polifenoles totales (CPT) mediante el uso del método de Folin-Ciocalteu en los frutos de S. marginatum en tres estados de maduración diferentes. Inicialmente, se realizó un tratamiento al material vegetal recolectado, realizando un secado, molienda, extracción en equipos soxhlet, y posterior concentración a presión reducida. Se encontraron valores para CPT comprendidos entre 29.881 (etanol-verde) a 192.672 (metanol-pintón) mg AG/g FS, determinando así que el metanol es el solvente que permite extraer mayor cantidad de extracto y de polifenoles del fruto de S. marginatum, y que el estado de maduración en donde hay mayor concentración de polifenoles es el pintón sin importar qué solvente se utilice. Palabras clave: Solanum marginatum, polifenoles totales, método Folin-Ciocalteu, estado de maduración.
The analysis of speech acts patterns in two Egyptian inaugural speeches
Authors: Sameer Imad Hayif 
Published: October 2017

The theory of speech acts, which clarifies what people do when they speak, is not about individual words or sentences that form the basic elements of human communication, but rather about particular speech acts that are performed when uttering words. A speech act is the attempt at doing something purely by speaking. Many things can be done by speaking. Speech acts are studied under what is called speech act theory, and belong to the domain of pragmatics. In this paper, two Egyptian inaugural speeches from El-Sadat and El-Sisi, belonging to different periods were analyzed to find out whether there were differences within this genre in the same culture or not. The study showed that there was a very small difference between these two speeches which were analyzed according to Searle’s theory of speech acts. In El Sadat’s speech, commissives came to occupy the first place. Meanwhile, in El–Sisi’s speech, assertives occupied the first place. Within the speeches of one culture, we can find that the differences depended on the circumstances that surrounded the elections of the Presidents at the time. Speech acts were tools they used to convey what they wanted and to obtain support from their audiences.
Algoritmos de Radiolocalización basados en ToA, TDoA y AoA
Authors: García Andrés Felipe , Gómez Cristina , Sánchez Tibisay , Redondo Alfredo David , Betancur Leonardo , Hincapié Roberto Carlos 
Published: October 2017

Partiendo de los principios geométricos de Triangulación y Trilateración se presentan algunas técnicas de estimación de ubicación como lo son ToA (Tiempo de llegada), TDoA (Diferencia en Tiempo de llegada) y AoA (Ángulo de llegada). Para estas técnicas de estimación diferentes algoritmos son analizados incluyendo el método Analítico, el método por Mínimos Cuadrados y el método por Series de Taylor para ToA y TDoA y Capon, Bartlett y MUSIC para AoA. Éste artículo pretende presentar una revisión del estado del arte sobre algunas técnicas de estimación de ubicación y su descripción matemáticamente.