bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic deprivation and the burden of head and neck cancer—Regional variations of incidence and mortality in Merseyside and Cheshire, North West, England
Authors: Taib B.G. , Oakley J. , Dailey Y. , Hodge I. , Wright P. , du Plessis R. , Rylands J. , Taylor‐Robinson D. , Povall S. , Schache A. , Shaw R. , Dingle A. , Jones T.M. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the distribution of head and neck cancer (HANC) disease burden across the region comparing it to national trends.DesignWe undertook a retrospective study of routine data combining it with indicators of deprivation and lifestyle at small geographical areas within the 9 Local Authorities (LAs) of Merseyside and Cheshire Network (MCCN) for head and neck cancers. Data from the North West of England and England were used as comparator regions.SettingThis research was undertaken by the Cheshire and Merseyside Public Health Collaborative, UK.ParticipantsThe Merseyside and Cheshire region serves a population of 2.2 million. Routine data allowed us to identify HANC patients diagnosed with cancers coded ICD C00‐C14 and C30‐C32 within 3 cohorts 1998‐2000, 2008‐2010 and 2009‐2011 for our analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresDirectly age‐standardised incidence rates and directly age‐standardised mortality rates in the LAs and comparator regions were measured. Lifestyle and deprivation indicators were plotted against them and measured by Pearson's correlation coefficients.ResultsThe incidence of head and neck cancer has increased across the region from 1998‐2000 to 2008‐2010 with a peak incidence for Liverpool males at 35/100 000 population.Certain Middle Super Output Areas contribute disproportionately to the significant effect of incidence and mortality within LAs. Income deprivation had the strongest correlation with incidence (r = .59) and mortality (r = .53) of head and neck cancer.ConclusionOur study emphasises notable geographical variations within the region which need to be addressed through public health measures.
It takes one to know one: Similarity to resident alien species increases establishment success of new invaders
Authors: Sheppard Christine S. , Carboni Marta , Essl Franz , Seebens Hanno ,   DivGrass Consortium, Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimDarwin's naturalization hypothesis states that dissimilarity to native species may benefit alien species establishment due to empty niches and reduced competition. We here add a new dimension to large‐scale tests of community invasibility, investigating the role that previously established alien species play in facilitating or hindering new invasions in plant communities.LocationPermanent grasslands across France (including mainland and Corsica), as a receding ecosystem of great conservation importance.MethodsFocusing on 121 alien plant species occurring in 7,215 vegetation plots, we quantified biotic similarity between new invaders and resident alien species (i.e., alien species with longer residence times) based on phylogenetic and trait distances. Additionally, we calculated distances to native species for each alien species and plot. Using multispecies distribution models, we analysed the influence of these biotic similarity measures and additional covariates on establishment success (presence/absence) of new invaders.ResultsWe found that biotic similarity to resident alien species consistently increased establishment success of more recently introduced species. Phylogenetic relatedness to previous invaders had an equally strong positive effect as relatedness to native species. Conversely, trait similarity to natives hindered alien establishment as predicted by Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. These results highlight that various mechanisms may act simultaneously to determine alien establishment success.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that, with greater similarity among alien species, invasion success increases. Such a pattern may arise either due to actual facilitation among invaders or as a result of weaker competitive interactions among invaders than between native and alien species, leading to an indirect facilitative effect. Alternatively, recent environmental changes (e.g., eutrophication, climate change) may have added new environmental filters. Determining how initial invasions might pave the road for subsequent invasions is crucial for effective multispecies management decisions and contributes a new aspect to our understanding of community assembly.
Cover Image, Volume 20, Issue 2
Authors: Seino Yutaka , Terauchi Yasuo , Osonoi Takeshi , Yabe Daisuke , Abe Nobuyuki , Nishida Tomoyuki , Zacho Jeppe , Kaneko Shizuka 
Published: January 2018

The cover image, by Yutaka Seino et al., is based on the Original Article Safety and efficacy of semaglutide once weekly vs sitagliptin once daily, both as monotherapy in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes, DOI: 10.1111/dom.13082.
image
Operational sex ratio predicts the opportunity and direction of sexual selection across animals
Authors: Janicke Tim , Morrow Edward H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe operational sex ratio (OSR) has long been assumed to be a key ecological factor determining the opportunity and direction of sexual selection. However, recent theoretical work has challenged this view, arguing that a biased OSR does not necessarily result in greater monopolisation of mates and therefore stronger sexual selection in the mate‐limited sex. Hence, the role of the OSR for shaping animal mating systems remains a conundrum in sexual selection research. Here we took a meta‐analytic approach to test whether OSR explains interspecific variation in sexual selection metrics across a broad range of animal taxa. Our results demonstrate that the OSR predicts the opportunity for sexual selection in males and the direction of sexual selection in terms of sex differences in both the opportunity for sexual selection and the Bateman gradient (i.e. the selection differential of mating success), as predicted by classic theory.
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophilia is associated with the severity of pulmonary lesions during equine asthma exacerbations
Authors: Bullone M. , Joubert P. , Gagné A. , Lavoie J.‐P. , Hélie P. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe severe form of equine asthma is associated with pathological changes of the peripheral airways and pulmonary parenchyma that are only partly described. Also, the relationship between these structural alterations and the percentage of neutrophils found within the airway lumen, assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, remains ill‐defined.ObjectiveTo examine the histological lesions associated with equine asthma during disease exacerbation and remission, and their relationship with lung function and BALF neutrophilia.Study designObservational retrospective study.MethodsPeripheral lung tissues, BALF cytology and lung function data from 61 horses (22 controls, 24 asthma exacerbations and 15 asthma remission) were obtained from an equine pulmonary tissue bank. Two pathologists semi‐quantitatively assessed histological features, including airway wall inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, mucus cell hyperplasia, mucostasis, peribronchiolar metaplasia, presence of granuloma and the overall severity of these lesions.ResultsMucostasis, mucus cell hyperplasia, peribronchiolar metaplasia and interstitial fibrosis were associated with disease exacerbation (P≤0.05), and these changes were all attenuated during remission. Airway wall inflammation was greater in horses with asthma in exacerbation compared with horses with asthma in remission and control horses (P≤0.05). Acute (neutrophilic) airway wall inflammation was more frequently detected in asthmatic cases compared with control horses (P<0.0001) and was associated with BALF neutrophilia >5% in control horses (P = 0.002). The degree of bronchiolar inflammation was higher in asthmatic horses in remission stabled and treated pharmacologically compared with those kept on pasture (P = 0.04).Main limitationsSamples obtained from a convenient cohort of horses were studied.ConclusionsSeverely asthmatic horses present parenchymal and peribronchial/peribronchiolar lesions possibly contributing to the obstructive nature of the disease.
Inhibition of the Fibrinogen‐Like Protein 2:FcγRIIB/RIII immunosuppressive pathway enhances antiviral T‐cell and B‐cell responses leading to clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13
Authors: Luft Olga , Khattar Ramzi , Farrokhi Kaveh , Ferri Dario , Yavorska Nataliya , Zhang Jianhua , Sadozai Hassan , Adeyi Oyedele , Chruscinski Andrzej , Levy Gary A. , Selzner Nazia 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPersistent viruses evade immune detection by interfering with virus‐specific innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Fibrinogen‐like protein‐2 (FGL2) is a potent effector molecule of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and exerts its immunosuppressive activity following ligation to its cognate receptor, FcγRIIB/RIII. The role of FGL2 in the pathogenesis of chronic viral infection caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone‐13 (LCMV cl‐13) was assessed in this study. Chronically infected fgl2+/+ mice had increased plasma levels of FGL2, with reduced expression of the maturation markers, CD80, CD86 and MHC‐II on macrophages and dendritic cells and impaired production of neutralizing antibody. In contrast, fgl2−/− mice or fgl2+/+ mice that had been pre‐treated with antibodies to FGL2 and FcγRIIB/RIII and then infected with LCMV cl‐13 developed a robust CD4+ and CD8+ antiviral T‐cell response, produced high titred neutralizing antibody to LCMV and cleared LCMV. Treatment of mice with established chronic infection with antibodies to FGL2 and FcγRIIB/RIII was shown to rescue the number and functionality of virus‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with reduced total and virus‐specific T‐cell expression of programmed cell death protein 1 leading to viral clearance. These results demonstrate an important role for FGL2 in viral immune evasion and provide a rationale to target FGL2 to treat patients with chronic viral infection.
Temporal Responsiveness in Mother–Child Dialogue: A Longitudinal Analysis of Children with Normal Hearing and Hearing Loss
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , McMurray Bob 
Published: January 2018

Dialogue between conversational partners, including mothers and their children, is precisely timed. The predictability of this timing is important for establishing and maintaining interaction, communication, and learning. This longitudinal study examines changes in the response latency of utterances in dialogue between mothers and their normal hearing and hearing‐impaired children between 4 and 60 months of age. Mothers and their children showed parallel developmental trends, responding to each other more quickly at older ages. Beyond these age‐related group effects, significant dyadic effects were found in which individual children's latencies were related to those of their mothers, and vice versa. Developmental patterns did not significantly differ across hearing status groups, which may reflect the role of early identification and intervention in promoting positive developmental outcomes.
Therapeutic benefits of CD90‐negative cardiac stromal cells in rats with a 30‐day chronic infarct
Authors: Shen Deliang , Shen Miaoda , Liang Hongxia , Tang Junnan , Wang Bo , Liu Chuang , Wang Peiwen , Dong Jianzeng , Li Ling , Zhang Jinying , Caranasos Thomas G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCardiac stromal cells (CSCs) can be derived from explant cultures, and a subgroup of these cells is viewed as cardiac mesenchymal stem cells due to their expression of CD90. Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic potential of CD90‐positive and CD90‐negative CSCs in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction. We obtain CD90‐positive and CD90‐negative fractions of CSCs from rat myocardial tissue explant cultures by magnetically activated cell sorting. In vitro, CD90‐negative CSCs outperform CD90‐positive CSCs in tube formation and cardiomyocyte functional assays. In rats with a 30‐day infarct, injection of CD90‐negative CSCs augments cardiac function in the infarct in a way superior to that from CD90‐positive CSCs and unsorted CSCs. Histological analysis revealed that CD90‐negative CSCs increase vascularization in the infarct. Our results suggest that CD90‐negative CSCs could be a development candidate as a new cell therapy product for chronic myocardial infarction.
Mogamulizumab‐induced photosensitivity in patients with mycosis fungoides and other T‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Masuda Y. , Tatsuno K. , Kitano S. , Miyazawa H. , Ishibe J. , Aoshima M. , Shimauchi T. , Fujiyama T. , Ito T. , Tokura Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundMogamulizumab (Mog) is a defucosylated, therapeutic monoclonal antibody, targeting CCR4 and was first approved in Japan for the treatment of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), followed by cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma.ObjectiveTo retrospectively investigate development of photosensitivity in patients with mycosis fungoides and other T‐cell neoplasms after treatment with Mog.MethodsWe treated seven cutaneous lymphoma patients with Mog. Upon combination treatment with narrow‐band UVB, we noticed that four patients developed photosensitivity dermatitis following Mog therapy, including two cases of mycosis fungoides, one case of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma and one case of EB virus‐associated T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Phototest was performed with UVA and UVB, and immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8 and Foxp3 was conducted in both photosensitivity and lymphoma lesions.ResultsPhototest revealed that the action spectrum of the photosensitivity was UVB in three cases and both UVB and UVA in one case. Histopathologically, the photosensitive lesions were characterized by a lichenoid tissue reaction with a CD8+ T cell‐dominant infiltrate, sharing the feature with chronic actinic dermatitis, an autoreactive photodermatosis with a cytotoxic T‐cell response. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were decreased in the photosensitivity lesions compared with the lymphoma lesions.ConclusionIncreased incidence of photosensitivity reaction was observed during Mog treatment. Decreased number of Tregs in the lesional skin suggests that this reaction is possibly induced by autoreactive cytotoxic T cells.
Merkel cell carcinoma in France: a registries‐based, comprehensive epidemiological survey
Authors: Fondain M. , Dereure O. , Uhry Z. , Guizard A.V. , Woronoff A.S. , Colonna M. , Molinie F. , Bara S. , Velten M. , Marrer E. , Grosclaude P. , Lapôtre‐Ledoux B. , Tretarre B. , Guillot B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Owing to its low incidence, epidemiological data are scarce and have never been analysed in France to identify the main epidemiological trends.MethodsData from MCC patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2010 were obtained from 11 French cancer registries in the FRANCIM network. The main epidemiological characteristics of MCC were investigated between 2006 and 2010 because comprehensive data were only available for this period. The main focus was tumour incidence and mortality over time.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2010, 562 cases of MCC were reported in the registries. From 2006 to 2010 (290 cases), European‐ and world‐standardized incidence rates were 0.26 and 0.43 per 100,000 person‐years in men and 0.24 and 0.38 per 100,000 person‐years in women. MCC is more frequent in females in France (56.9%) with male/female ratio 1.1. Relative survival rates were 84%, 56% and 42% at one, three and 5 years, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence of MCC clearly increased over time in all areas under focus. The standardized incidence in France was comparable to the incidence observed in other countries for the same period, but French data are too recent to conclude on an increase in MCC incidence. Prognosis remains poor in all countries in which data are available.
Model fitting for small skin permeability data sets: hyperparameter optimisation in Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Ashrafi Parivash , Sun Yi , Davey Neil , Adams Roderick G , Wilkinson Simon C , Moss Gary Patrick 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate how to improve predictions from Gaussian Process models by optimising the model hyperparameters.

Methods
Optimisation methods, including Grid Search, Conjugate Gradient, Random Search, Evolutionary Algorithm and Hyper-prior, were evaluated and applied to previously published data. Data sets were also altered in a structured manner to reduce their size, which retained the range, or ‘chemical space’ of the key descriptors to assess the effect of the data range on model quality.

Key findings
The Hyper-prior Smoothbox kernel results in the best models for the majority of data sets, and they exhibited significantly better performance than benchmark quantitative structure–permeability relationship (QSPR) models. When the data sets were systematically reduced in size, the different optimisation methods generally retained their statistical quality, whereas benchmark QSPR models performed poorly.

Conclusions
The design of the data set, and possibly also the approach to validation of the model, is critical in the development of improved models. The size of the data set, if carefully controlled, was not generally a significant factor for these models and that models of excellent statistical quality could be produced from substantially smaller data sets.
Acanthoic acid suppresses lipin1/2 via TLR4 and IRAK4 signalling pathways in EtOH- and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic lipogenesis
Authors: Song Jian , Han Xin , Yao You-Li , Li Ya-Mei , Zhang Jing , Shao Dan-Yang , Hou Li-Shuang , Fan Ying , Song Shun-Zong , Lian Li-Hua , Nan Ji-Xing , Wu Yan-Ling 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
In alcoholic liver disease, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are major stimulation factors of hepatic lipogenesis. Our objective was to determine the protective mechanism of acanthoic acid (AA) in EtOH- and LPS-induced hepatic lipogenesis.

Methods
HSC-T6 cells were treated with ethanol (200 mm) plus LPS (1 μg/ml) for 1 h, followed by AA (10 or 20 μm) for another 6 h. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with of AA (20 and 40 mg/kg) or equal volume of saline and then exposed to three doses of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) within 24 h. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after the last ethanol dosing.

Key findings
Acanthoic acid significantly decreased the expressions of α-SMA, collagen-I, SREBP-1, and lipin1/2 induced, also decreased fat droplets caused by EtOH/LPS. AA treatment decreased the protein expressions of TLR4, CD14, IRAK4, TRAF3, p-TAK1 and NF-κB increased by EtOH/LPS on HSC cells. Results in vivo were consistent with results in vitro.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that AA might modulate hepatic fibrosis and lipid deposition in HSC-T6 cell stimulated with ethanol combined with LPS by decreasing lipin1/2 via TLR4 and IRAK4 signalling pathways, and AA might be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for alcoholic liver disease.
Expression analyses of candidate genes related to meat quality traits in squabs from two breeds of meat‐type pigeon
Authors: Ye M. , Xu M. , Chen C. , He Y. , Ding M. , Ding X. , Wei W. , Yang S. , Zhou B. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this study, meat quality traits were compared between squabs from two pigeon breeds: one Chinese indigenous breed, the Shiqi (SQ) meat‐type pigeon, and an imported breed, the white king (WK) meat‐type pigeon. Breed differences were detected in the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) in the breast muscle. SQ squabs had significantly higher IMF content than the WK birds. The shear force value (an objective measure of meat tenderness) of SQ birds was also relatively lower than that of the WK squabs. Further analysis of fatty acids profile revealed that SQ squabs exhibited significant advantage in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids, while WK squabs were significantly higher in the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids. Breast muscle in the SQ squabs was also significantly higher in the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, as well as the sum of omega 6 fatty acids. Variability of expression levels of functional genes in relation to fat accumulation and meat tenderness was analysed by qRT‐PCR. Gene expression analyses showed that the hepatic expression of LPL (lipoprotein lipase), FABP4 (fatty acid‐binding protein 4), and CAPN2 (calpain‐2) were significantly higher in the SQ squabs. In the breast muscle tissue, the FABP3 (fatty acid‐binding protein 3) and CAPN2mRNA abundance was significantly higher in SQ squabs. Our results suggested that these differentially expressed genes might be candidate genes used in the programmes of targeted selection for squabs with higher IMF content, tender meat, and more favourable fatty acids composition.
Lipoprotein modifications by gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Lönn J. , Ljunggren S. , Klarström‐Engström K. , Demirel I. , Bengtsson T. , Karlsson H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSeveral studies have shown an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD, and a key event in the development of atherosclerosis is accumulation of lipoproteins within the arterial wall. Bacteria are the primary etiologic agents in periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major pathogen in the disease. Several studies support a role of modified low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in atherogenesis; however, the pathogenic stimuli that induce the changes and the mechanisms by which this occur are unknown. This study aims to identify alterations in plasma lipoproteins induced by the periodontopathic species of bacterium, P. gingivalis, in vitro.Material and MethodsPlasma lipoproteins were isolated from whole blood treated with wild‐type and gingipain‐mutant (lacking either the Rgp‐ or Kgp gingipains) P. gingivalis by density/gradient‐ultracentrifugation and were studied using 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and antioxidant assay kits, respectively, and lumiaggregometry was used for measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggregation.ResultsPorphyromonas gingivalis exerted substantial proteolytic effects on the lipoproteins. The Rgp gingipains were responsible for producing 2 apoE fragments, as well as 2 apoB‐100 fragments, in LDL, and the Kgp gingipain produced an unidentified fragment in high‐density lipoproteins. Porphyromonas gingivalis and its different gingipain variants induced ROS and consumed antioxidants. Both the Rgp and Kgp gingipains were involved in inducing lipid peroxidation.ConclusionPorphyromonas gingivalis has the potential to change the expression of lipoproteins in blood, which may represent a crucial link between periodontitis and CVD.
The ‘Primum Non‐Nocere’ management conundrum of head and neck cancer in the nonagenarian: case reports
Authors: Ampil F.L. , Ghali G.E. , Vora M. , Richards T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is a paucity of information regarding the management and outcome of nonagenarians with head and neck cancer. This retrospective study revealed oral cavity carcinoma in three 90‐year‐old people accounting for approximately 0.1% of patients evaluated for treatment of head and neck cancer during a period of over 3 years at a single institution. Resection of gross tumour performed in these individuals with early stage or locally advanced disease (two patients) resulted in survival with recurrent tumour at 28 months, disease‐free survival at 8 months and death during the early recovery period, respectively. Extreme chronological age should not necessarily preclude judiciously applied therapy in people with head and neck cancer. Therapeutic intervention needs to be individualized according to the presented clinical profile.