bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Association between Hemodialysis Access Type and Mortality: The Role of Access Complications
Authors: Ravani Pietro , Quinn Robert , Oliver Matthew , Robinson Bruce , Pisoni Ronald , Pannu Neesh , MacRae Jennifer , Manns Braden , Hemmelgarn Brenda , James Matthew , Tonelli Marcello , Gillespie Brenda 
Published: May 2017

Background and objectives
People receiving hemodialysis to treat kidney failure need a vascular access (a fistula, a graft, or a central venous catheter) to connect to the blood purification machine. Higher rates of access complications are considered the mechanism responsible for the excess mortality observed among catheter or graft users versus fistula users. We tested this hypothesis using mediation analysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We studied incident patients who started hemodialysis therapy from North America, Europe, and Australasia (the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study; 1996–2011). We evaluated the association between access type and time to noninfectious (e.g., thrombosis) and infectious complications of the access (mediator model) and the relationship between access type and time-dependent access complications with 6-month mortality from the creation of the first permanent access (outcome model). In mediation analysis, we formally tested whether access complications explain the association between access type and mortality.

Results
Of the 6119 adults that we studied (mean age =64 [SD=15] years old; 58% men; 47% patients with diabetes), 50% had a permanent catheter for vascular access, 37% had a fistula, and 13% had a graft. During the 6-month study follow-up, 2084 participants (34%) developed a noninfectious complication of the access, 542 (8.9%) developed an infectious complication, and 526 (8.6%) died. Access type predicted the occurrence of access complications; both access type and complications predicted mortality. The associations between access type and mortality were nearly identical in models excluding and including access complications (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.55 to 2.58 versus hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.56 to 2.59 for catheter versus fistula, respectively). In mediation analysis, higher mortality with catheters or grafts versus fistulas was not the result of increased rates of access complications.

Conclusions
Hemodialysis access complications do not seem to explain the association between access type and mortality. Clinical trials are needed to clarify whether these associations are causal or reflect confounding by underlying disease severity.
UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF SARCOSTEMMA BREVISTIGMA, WIGHT. AND ARN
Authors: Dhivya S. M. , Kalaichelvi K. 
Published: May 2017

Objective: The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in aerial parts of ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma using UV-VIS and FTIR.Methods: FTIR spectroscopy is an established time‐saving method to characterize and identify functional groups.Results: The UV-VIS profile showed different peaks ranging from 200‐1044 nm with different absorption respectively. UV-VIS profile showed the peaks at 254.00 and 680.00 nm for flavonoid. FTIR spectra showed the peak at 3418.85 cm-1 for N-H group. FTIR analysis and UV-VIS analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and a phenolic compound. The FTIR spectra had amply evidenced the occurrence of OH group together with the Terpenoids, and Phenol. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of an amine (N-H), alkyl (C-H), nitrile (C≡N), halo formyl (C=O), alkenyl (C=C), hydroxyl (O-H), haloalkane (C-F), nitrates and carbonate compounds.Conclusion: The results confirm the fact that this plant posse’s important bioactive constituent, so further scientific investigation is needed.
COMPARISON OF THREE HERBAL PLANTS FOR BEST FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY
Authors: Palaniswamy Radha , Padma Palghat Raghunathan 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress. Antioxidants can prevent or retard the oxidation caused by free radicals and sufficient intake of antioxidants is supposed to protect against diseases. Candidate play Methods: The leaf extracts of these plants were exposed to a battery of free radical scavenging assays like DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide to determine the free radical scavenging activity.Results: It was observed that the Majoranahortensis leaves in methanolic extract showed maximum scavenging activity.Conclusion: Several plants with free radical scavenging activity have been identified, where Majoranahortensis is one such leave.
Estudio comparativo de conservación de raíces de yuca (Manihot esculentaCrantz) recubiertas con cera natural y parafina
Authors: Medina Jiménez Sabrina , García Toro Luisa María , Vélez Pasos Carlos , Alcalá Lisímaco Alonso , Fernández Quintero Alejandro 
Published: May 2017

Las raíces de yuca son muy susceptibles al deterioro fisiológico, ya que después de dos o tres días de cosechadas no son aptas para el consumo. Por esta razón, se han desarrollado diversos métodos de conservación como, por ejemplo, el recubrimiento de la raíces con parafina, el cual extiende la vida útil del producto hasta 15 días. Este método de conservación con parafina presenta desventajas desde el punto de vista ambiental, debido a que es un hidrocarburo derivado del petróleo y, además, se aplica en caliente (temperatura mayor a 120 °C). Por esto, es importante buscar alternativas de conservación amigables con el ambiente. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la efectividad del recubrimiento de raíces de yuca con cera natural como posible sustituto al uso de parafina en la conservación del producto. Los resultados mostraron que la cera natural es igual de efectiva que la parafina en la conservación de las raíces, puesto a que retrasa el deterioro fisiológico, la pérdida de materia seca y la pérdida de peso. Por lo tanto, se demostró que la cera es una buena alternativa para la conservación del producto, como sustituto de la parafina.
Online Gearbox-Load-Monitoring to Increase Gearbox Reliability
Authors: Dr. Volker Kreidler  , Dipl.-Ing. Holger Daum  
Published: May 2017

Failures of Gearboxes within Offshore-Windpark-Applications lead to long downtimes and high repair/replacement costs. The strategic goal for Offshore-Windturbines is to avoid gearbox failures at all. This goal is only then realistic if the real loads and forces are measured in real time at high frequencies by the gearbox. The paper will report about a Mechatronic gearbox-prototype of the 1,5 MW-class with integrated contactless load-sensors, analytic electronics/software and a highspeed fieldbus-interface for communication with the turbine controller. The full integration of mechanics, electronics, software and communication.
Mathematical Uncertainty Relations and their Generalization for Multiple Incompatible Observables
Authors: Nguyen Hung Quang , Bui Tu Quang 
Published: May 2017

We show that the famous Heisenberg uncertainty relation for two incompatible observables can be generalized elegantly to the determinant form for N arbitrary observables. To achieve this purpose, we propose a generalization of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for two sets of vectors. Simple consequences of the N-ary uncertainty relation are also discussed.
Keywords: Generalized uncertainty relation, Generalized uncertainty principle, Generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
Variation in management of in-hospital newborn falls: a single-center experience
Authors: Kahn Doron J. , Fisher Paul D. , Hertzler Dean A. 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEThere are only 3 small case series in the literature that report on the management of in-hospital newborn falls (NFs), and recommendations are unclear. The authors performed a retrospective review to determine outcome and differences in management and to understand why management of NFs varies at their institution.METHODSAll NFs occurring within the authors’ institution over a 3.5-year period were reviewed. Post-fall management and outcomes of each incident were compared.RESULTSThere were 24 NFs out of 40,349 deliveries (5.9 NFs/10,000 deliveries). The mechanism of injury was nearly identical in 22 of 24 falls (the newborn fell to the floor from a parent in a bed or chair), and physical examination findings were normal or benign in all cases. Unexplained management variation based solely on clinician preference was noted, including observation only (in 13 cases), skull radiograph (in 7), head CT scan (in 6), bone survey (in 4), and head ultrasound examination (in 1), with some babies having more than 1 study. Two babies had nondepressed linear parietal fractures diagnosed by skull radiograph, and 2 babies had small subdural hemorrhages diagnosed by head CT scan. All 24 babies had normal findings on examination at discharge.CONCLUSIONSThere is a high incidence of nondepressed linear parietal skull fractures associated with NFs. However, since associated intracranial injury is uncommon, imaging studies may not be routinely performed. Neonatal intensive care unit admission, head CT, and neurosurgical evaluation are reserved for the rare baby with abnormal physical examination or neurological findings.
Frozen in Film: Alaska Eskimos in the Movies
Authors: Fienup-Riordan Ann 
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the history of Alaskan Eskimo representations, primarily in Hollywood, as Fienup-Riordan offers a detailed analysis of the career of Inuit film star Ray Mala, who starred in the the 1933 MGM production Eskimo, directed by W.S. Van Dyke, and the first film shot totally in the Iñupiaq language. The chapter also considers the ways in which Alaskan Eskimos have worked within the Hollywood system in a sporadic manner from the 1930s to the present. Fienup-Riordan also addresses Ken Kwapis’s Hollywood film Big Miracle (2012) before moving on to examine television (such as KYUK-TV), video, and cinematic self-representations of Yu’pik culture in the twenty first century, including as part of community activism in an age of climate change.
Cinema of Emancipation and Zacharias Kunuk’s Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner
Authors: Bohr Marco 
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers stylistic and thematic analyses of the cinematography and strategies of visual storytelling of Zacharias Kunuk’s Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner (2001). Bohr provides an alternate reading of the Igloolik-based group Isuma’s best-known and Cannes award winning film. Bohr identifies distinctive narrative techniques and cultural themes of the film, which tie it both to traditional Inuit myths and legends and to European art cinema, concluding by highlighting the ways in which Atanarjuat situates local practices in a global popular culture framework. Drawing on the concept of Fourth Cinema first proposed by Barry Barclay, Bohr positions Atanarjuat in the relation to emerging global international indigenous feature film production as well as to Michelle Raheja’s concept of visual sovereignty.
‘Jigging Away into Nothingness’: Knowledge, Language and Feminine Jouissance in ‘Bliss’ and ‘Psychology’
Authors: Pero Allan 
Published: May 2017

Mansfield’s work explores our uneasy relationship to knowledge and language, disabusing us of the notion of their transparency. Knowledge operates differently for ego and subject, just as language operates differently in conscious speech and unconscious enunciation. In “Bliss,” Bertha’s “hysteria” stages the clash between egoistic misunderstanding and unconscious knowledge, and is an effect of feminine, rather than phallic jouissance. Bertha’s feminine jouissance is not hysteria, but appears so because her jouissance has no place in the domestic sphere. Condemned to address her jouissance to phallic semblances, she is ensnared by the logic of hysterical desire, even as each semblance fails to give her what she really wants.
Poise
Authors: Smith Angela 
Published: May 2017

This essay argues that J D Fergusson’s Poise, painted in 1916, cannot be a portrait of Mansfield. With portraits, Fergusson often named his sitters. The woman in the picture representing an abstract quality is blue-eyed and vigorous, resembling one of Morris’s dancers. By 1916 Mansfield, who had brown eyes, had tubercular symptoms. In a letter to Murry she analyses Poise objectively with the tone of a friendly critic, whereas when she does sit for a portrait, to Anne Estelle Rice, she describes the process with the interest of a writer protective of her own image.
The Binary Fraction of Stars in Dwarf Galaxies: The Case of Leo II
Authors: Spencer Meghin E. , Mateo Mario , Walker Matthew G. , Olszewski Edward W. , McConnachie Alan W. , Kirby Evan N. , Koch Andreas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We combine precision radial velocity data from four different published works of the stars in the Leo II dwarf spheroidal galaxy. This yields a data set that spans 19 years, has 14 different epochs of observation, and contains 372 unique red giant branch stars, 196 of which have repeat observations. Using this multi-epoch data set, we constrain the binary fraction for Leo II. We generate a suite of Monte Carlo simulations that test different binary fractions using Bayesian analysis and determine that the binary fraction for Leo II ranges from

to

, depending on the distributions of binary orbital parameters assumed. This value is smaller than what has been found for the solar neighborhood (∼0.4–0.6) but falls within the wide range of values that have been inferred for other dwarf spheroidals (0.14–0.69). The distribution of orbital periods has the greatest impact on the binary fraction results. If the fraction we find in Leo II is present in low-mass ultra-faints, it can artificially inflate the velocity dispersion of those systems and cause them to appear more dark matter rich than in actuality. For a galaxy with an intrinsic dispersion of 1 km s−1 and an observational sample of 100 stars, the dispersion can be increased by a factor of 1.5–2 for Leo II-like binary fractions or by a factor of three for binary fractions on the higher end of what has been seen in other dwarf spheroidals.
HD 202206: A Circumbinary Brown Dwarf System∗
Authors: Benedict G. Fritz , Harrison Thomas E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Using Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor astrometry and previously published radial velocity measures, we explore the exoplanetary system HD 202206. Our modeling results in a parallax,

milliseconds of arc, a mass for HD 202206 B of

, and a mass for HD 202206 c of

. HD 202206 is a nearly face-on G + M binary orbited by a brown dwarf. The system architecture that we determine supports past assertions that stability requires a 5:1 mean motion resonance (we find a period ratio,

) and coplanarity (we find a mutual inclination,

).
KELT-18b: Puffy Planet, Hot Host, Probably Perturbed
Authors: McLeod Kim K. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Oelkers Ryan J. , Collins Karen A. , Bieryla Allyson , Fulton Benjamin J. , Stassun Keivan G. , Gaudi B. Scott , Penev Kaloyan , Stevens Daniel J. , Colón Knicole D. , Pepper Joshua , Narita Norio , Tsuguru Ryu , Fukui Akihiko , Reed Phillip A. , Tirrell Bethany , Visgaitis Tiffany , Kielkopf John F. , Cohen David H. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Gregorio Joao , Baştürk Özgür , Oberst Thomas E. , Melton Casey , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Baldrige Andrew , Zhao Y. Sunny , Zambelli Roberto , Latham David W. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Weiss Lauren M. , Benni Paul , Beatty Thomas G. , Eastman Jason D. , Penny Matthew T. , Siverd Robert J. , Lund Michael B. , Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Zhou G. , Curtis Ivan A. , Joner Michael D. , Manner Mark , Relles Howard , Scarpetta Gaetano , Stephens Denise C. , Stockdale Chris , Tan T. G. , DePoy D. L. , Marshall Jennifer L. , Pogge Richard W. , Trueblood Mark , Trueblood Patricia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of KELT-18b, a transiting hot Jupiter in a 2.87-day orbit around the bright (V = 10.1), hot, F4V star BD+60 1538 (TYC 3865-1173-1). We present follow-up photometry, spectroscopy, and adaptive optics imaging that allow a detailed characterization of the system. Our preferred model fits yield a host stellar temperature of

K and a mass of

, situating it as one of only a handful of known transiting planets with hosts that are as hot, massive, and bright. The planet has a mass of

, a radius of

, and a density of

, making it one of the most inflated planets known around a hot star. We argue that KELT-18b’s high temperature and low surface gravity, which yield an estimated ∼600 km atmospheric scale height, combined with its hot, bright host, make it an excellent candidate for observations aimed at atmospheric characterization. We also present evidence for a bound stellar companion at a projected separation of ∼1100 au, and speculate that it may have contributed to the strong misalignment we suspect between KELT-18's spin axis and its planet’s orbital axis. The inferior conjunction time is 2457542.524998 ± 0.000416 (BJDTDB) and the orbital period is 2.8717510 ± 0.0000029 days. We encourage Rossiter–McLaughlin measurements in the near future to confirm the suspected spin–orbit misalignment of this system.
NPTFit: A Code Package for Non-Poissonian Template Fitting
Authors: Mishra-Sharma Siddharth , Rodd Nicholas L. , Safdi Benjamin R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present NPTFit, an open-source code package, written in Python and Cython, for performing non-Poissonian template fits (NPTFs). The NPTF is a recently developed statistical procedure for characterizing the contribution of unresolved point sources (PSs) to astrophysical data sets. The NPTF was first applied to Fermi gamma-ray data to provide evidence that the excess of ∼GeV gamma-rays observed in the inner regions of the Milky Way likely arises from a population of sub-threshold point sources, and the NPTF has since found additional applications studying sub-threshold extragalactic sources at high Galactic latitudes. The NPTF generalizes traditional astrophysical template fits to allow for the ability to search for populations of unresolved PSs that may follow a given spatial distribution. NPTFit builds upon the framework of the fluctuation analyses developed in X-ray astronomy, thus it likely has applications beyond those demonstrated with gamma-ray data. The NPTFit package utilizes novel computational methods to perform the NPTF efficiently. The code is available at http://github.com/bsafdi/NPTFit and up-to-date and extensive documentation may be found at http://nptfit.readthedocs.io.
Complex Spiral Structure in the HD 100546 Transitional Disk as Revealed by GPI and MagAO
Authors: Follette Katherine B. , Rameau Julien , Dong Ruobing , Pueyo Laurent , Close Laird M. , Duchêne Gaspard , Fung Jeffrey , Leonard Clare , Macintosh Bruce , Males Jared R. , Marois Christian , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Morzinski Katie M. , Mullen Wyatt , Perrin Marshall , Spiro Elijah , Wang Jason , Ammons S. Mark , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis , Bulger Joanna , Chilcote Jeffrey , Cotten Tara , De Rosa Robert J. , Doyon Rene , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Goodsell Stephen J. , Graham James R. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Larkin James E. , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Metchev Stanimir , Nielsen Eric L. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Poyneer Lisa , Rajan Abhijith , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Thomas Sandrine , Vega David , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane , Wolff Schuyler 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present optical and near-infrared high-contrast images of the transitional disk HD 100546 taken with the Magellan Adaptive Optics system (MagAO) and the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). GPI data include both polarized intensity and total intensity imagery, and MagAO data are taken in Simultaneous Differential Imaging mode at Hα. The new GPI H-band total intensity data represent a significant enhancement in sensitivity and field rotation compared to previous data sets and enable a detailed exploration of substructure in the disk. The data are processed with a variety of differential imaging techniques (polarized, angular, reference, and simultaneous differential imaging) in an attempt to identify the disk structures that are most consistent across wavelengths, processing techniques, and algorithmic parameters. The inner disk cavity at 15 au is clearly resolved in multiple data sets, as are a variety of spiral features. While the cavity and spiral structures are identified at levels significantly distinct from the neighboring regions of the disk under several algorithms and with a range of algorithmic parameters, emission at the location of HD 100546 “c” varies from point-like under aggressive algorithmic parameters to a smooth continuous structure with conservative parameters, and is consistent with disk emission. Features identified in the HD 100546 disk bear qualitative similarity to computational models of a moderately inclined two-armed spiral disk, where projection effects and wrapping of the spiral arms around the star result in a number of truncated spiral features in forward-modeled images.
Acceleration of Cooling of Ice Giants by Condensation in Early Atmospheres
Authors: Kurosaki Kenji , Ikoma Masahiro 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The present infrared brightness of a planet originates partly from the accretion energy that the planet gained during its formation and hence provides important constraints to the planet formation process. A planet cools down from a hot initial state to the present state by losing energy through radiative emission from its atmosphere. Thus, the atmospheric properties affect the planetary cooling rate. Previous theories of giant planet cooling assume that the atmospheric composition is unchanged throughout the evolution. Planet formation theories, however, suggest that the atmospheres especially of ice giants are rich in heavy elements in the early stages. These heavy elements include condensable species such as H2O, NH3, and CH4, which are expected to have a great impact on atmospheric temperature and thus on radiative emission through latent heat release. In this study we investigate the effect of such condensation on the planetary emission flux and quantify the impact on the cooling timescale. We then demonstrate that the latent heat of these species keeps the atmosphere hot and thus the emission flux high for billions of years, resulting in an acceleration of the cooling of ice giants. This sheds light on the long-standing problem that Uranus is much less bright than theoretically predicted and is different in brightness from Neptune in spite of the similarity in mass and radius. We also find that young ice giants with highly enriched atmospheres are much brighter in the mid-infrared than ice giants with non-enriched atmospheres. This provides important implications for future direct imaging of extrasolar ice giants.