bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymersomes: Beyond Basics‐Synthesis, Stimuli Response and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Athulya K. R. , Varughese Titto , Kumar Anitha C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymersomes, also known as polymeric vesicles, have high potential in the field of biomedicines due to their high stability and ability to carry hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials to the targeted sites without any loss. The self‐assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers into hollow spherical structures, known as polymersomes, has opened up new frontiers in biomedicine and other bio‐related applications. These structures harness the unique properties of biopolymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polypeptides, which contribute to their biocompatibility and functionality. The need for efficient materials for applications in the field of targeted drug delivery, theranostics, and bio‐imaging is increasing day by day so that scientists are in search of efficient polymersomes by making modifications in their structures. This review outlines various block copolymers from which polymersomes can be made, the types of polymersomes, the ways to prepare the materials along with the biomedical applications that the polymersomes can be opted for. Here we discuss about self‐assembly techniques like solvent switch, microfluid, pH tuning and polymerization induced self‐assembly. The present paper provides an overview of stimuli‐responsive polymersomes. Towards the end of the review, several applications of polymersomes are covered, such as drug administration, imaging, theranostics, and usage as nanoreactors.
Controlled Release Simvastatine from Molecularly Imprinted Cryogel Membranes
Authors: Faalnouri Sona , Çimen Duygu , Vargel İbrahim , Denizli Adil , Bereli Nilay 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐L‐tryptophan methyl ester) cryogel membranes were synthesized in different concentrations by using molecular imprinting technique, for controlled release of simvastatin. The cryogel membranes were prepared in various compositions and thus the releases of cryogels containing 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg hydrophilic simvstatin were compared. The chemical and morphological properties of the poly(HEMA‐MATrp) cryogel membranes were evaluated through a series of characterization techniques. The membranes were subjected to swelling tests to assess their ability to absorb water and their degree of crosslinking. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to determine the functional groups present in the cryogel matrix and to evaluate the degree of chemical modification that occurred during synthesis. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed to visualize the cryogel at high resolution, providing insights into the pore structure and overall architecture of the matrix. Then, cryogel membranes were evaluated for cell proliferation abilities by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl/thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetra zolium bromide thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay for cell viability. The prepared cryogel membranes have a diameter and thickness of about 10 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. The increasing attention towards the use of cryogel membranes in tissue‐engineering has resulted in demonstrating the dependency of release profiles of simvastatin cryogel membranes on their composition.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Quinoline‐1,2,3‐Triazole Hybrids as CYP51 Inhibitors: In Silico Study and In Vitro Antimicrobial Assessment
Authors: Chabhadiya Bhadreshkumar K. , Naik Hem N. , Mohite Bhavika A. , Ahmad Iqrar , Naliapara Yogesh , Rajani Dhanji , Ali Mohd Sajid , Patel Harun , Jauhari Smita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNovel Quinoline‐triazole hybrid derivatives (9 a–9 l) were designed and synthesized via click reaction methodology to develop lead compounds with good antibacterial and antifungal potency. Synthetic compounds have been characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrum analysis. In‐vitro antibacterial activity against two gram‐positive and two gram‐negative strains and in‐vitro antifungal activity against three different strains were performed for the synthesized compounds. Compounds 9 a, 9 d, and 9 i exhibited potent inhibition activity against S. aureus ranging from MIC=12.5–50 μg/mL, and compounds 9 a, 9 c, 9 d, 9 e, 9 f, 9 j, and 9 l exhibited potent inhibition activity against C. albicans fungal strains ranging from MFC=250–500 μg/mL. Molecular docking study of C. albicans Sterol 14α‐demethylase (CYP51) protein (PDB ID:5TZ1) and S. aureus tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 1JIJ) was performed to understand the mechanism of action through which these derivatives work. In silico studies of Hybrid 9 d demonstrated strong hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions with Tyr64, Phe233, and Phe228 in line with the co‐crystals SB‐239629 and VT1161 exhibiting favorable interactions that inhibits both bacterial and fungal strains.
WO3 Nanoparticle/Biomass Derived N‐Doped Activated Carbon Decorated with Polyaniline Nanofibers Ternary Nanocomposite for High‐Performance Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Bejjanki Dinesh , Mohan Seepana Murali , Kumar Kishant , Kumar Puttapati Sampath 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSupercapacitors have captured the curiosity of researchers due to their extremely high energy storage capacity. Hybrid supercapacitors deliver high specific capacitance values compared to the exciting (electrical double layer capacitor) EDLC and pseudocapacitors. This work presents a simple and scalable synthetic method to design a hybrid ternary composite as electrode material. In this work, the combination of EDLC‐type behaviour material, i. e., sustainable biomass‐derived Nitrogen‐doped activated carbon (NAC) and pseudocapacitive behaviour electrode materials, i. e., metal oxides (tungsten oxide) and conductive polymer (polyaniline) are selected to achieve a high gravimetric capacity. The PANi/WO3/NAC (PWNAC) ternary composite is tested for symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). In a symmetric capacitor, PWNAC acts as both the positive and negative electrode, whereas in ASC, PWNAC acts as the positive electrode and NAC as the negative electrode. It is observed that the ASC shows a better capacitance value than symmetric. ASC operates at a potential range of 1.4 V in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, shows a maximum capacitance of 608.2 F/g at 0.5 A/g, and has long capacitance retention of 98.32 % of its initial capacitance after 2000 charge‐discharge cycles.
A Series of Azepano‐Betulins with Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Kazakova Oxana , Petrova Anastasiya , Terekhova Alina , Vakhitova Yulia , Polovyanenko Dmitriy , Bagryanskaya Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA series of lupane‐type A‐ring azepanes modified at the C28, C30 positions and NH‐group have been synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the NCI‐60 cancer cell line panel. Azepano‐betulinic amides showed pronounced activity, with a GI50 range from 0.57 μM to 14.30 μM, being 4–5 times more active than doxorubicin against colon cancer HCT‐15 and ovarian cancer NCI/ADR‐RES. It was established that azepano‐betulinic cyclohexyl‐amide acts preferentially through apoptosis induction both in conditionally normal and tumor cells, demonstrating mainly cytotoxic properties, whereas earlier studied azepano‐betulin acted by triggering the cell cycle arrest in cancerous cells and displayed mostly cytostatic activity. The crystal structure of N‐methyl‐azepano‐betulin hydrochloride salt was established by X‐ray diffraction method.
Synthesis of Newly Ester Type Gemini Cationic Surfactants: Surface Properties, Fabric Softness and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Wang Yakui , Ai Haokang , Geng Tao , Ju Hongbin , Li Jun , Wang Zhifei , Zhang Lu , Jiang Yajie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFour ester cationic Gemini surfactants (EDQ‐n, n represents the carbon number in the raw fatty acid of 12, 14, 16 and 18) were synthesized from fatty acid, N, N‐dimethylethanolamine and 1, 4‐dibromobutane by two‐step reaction of esterification and quaternization. Their surface activities at air/water interface were investigated. The application performance such as water solubility, antistatic property, fabric softness, fabric whiteness, biodegradability, and antibacterial activities were tested and compared with traditional quaternary ammonium salt. The results showed that the γcmc increases with increasing the hydrophobic chain length and EDQ‐12 presented the highest surface activity. The diffusion coefficients calculated from the Ward‐Tordai equation indicates the adsorption process is a mixed‐diffusion kinetic adsorption mechanism. The water solubility of EDQ‐n is higher than dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D1821) and ester quaternary ammonium salt (Esterquats). The fabric softness and whiteness properties of EDQ‐16 and EDQ‐18 are similar to D1821 and Esterquats, which can significantly reduce the cotton fabric softness and have no significant difference in whiteness retention. EDQ‐n demonstrated more readily biodegradation(>90 %) than D1821(0 %) after seven days. In addition, EDQ‐12 and EDQ‐14 show excellent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in comparison with conventional bacteriostatic agent didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC).
Rapid Single‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Phase Pure VO2 (M) with Tailored Morphology
Authors: Mawazzan Mohammedhamidraza A , Rabinal M. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMonoclinic VO2 (M) is a material of great significance in the study of correlation effects in solids because of its reversible metal‐insulator phase transition between VO2 (M) and VO2 (R) just above the room temperature. Synthesizing pure monoclinic VO2 (M) can be a challenging task due to the formation of other polymorphs such as VO2 (A), VO2 (B), VO2 (D) and VO2 (P) etc. during the synthesis. Additionally, these synthesis techniques involve complex multistep procedures with protective gas environment and controlled reaction parameters clubbed with elongated reaction time ranging from 1 to 7 days which are major obstacles in the mass production of this material. Here we report a novel and rapid synthetic protocol of VO2 (M) for first time using diethylene triamine (DETA) as a reducing and morphology controlling agent in hydrogen peroxide medium. The detailed characterization of prepared materials confirms the formation of phase pure VO2 (M) crystalline powders. The present approach helps to tune these particles from one‐dimensional rods to two‐dimensional petals like structures.
Amperometric Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid with a Carbon Paste‐Yttrium Oxide Electrode
Authors: Riesco Fernando , Roldán‐Tello Luz , Cosco‐Salguero Gloria A. , Nagles Edgar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis report presents a new application for yttrium oxide (YOX) in the modification of carbon paste electrodes with excellent electroactivity for the independent detection of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The surface of the YOX‐modified electrode was characterized with SEM and EDS. The electroactive properties of DP and AA were studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and amperometry (Am). The activity of DA and AA increased by more than 100 % when YOX/CPE was used, which allowed us to obtain detection limits of 0.04 and 0.06 μmol/L for DA and AA, respectively. The usefulness of YOX/CPE was tested with real human urine, fresh orange juice and vitamin C tablets, and the results were acceptable.
Inclusion Complexation of Flavonoids with Cyclodextrin: Molecular Docking and Experimental Study
Authors: Ming Liu Wei , Yun Zhou Hui , Qiang Jiang Shuai , Ping Dai Su , Wang Yin , Jia Yang Jia , Wei Chen Ya , Liang Chen Jun , Jin Park Hyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn our work, the inclusion ability and binding pattern of flavonoids (catechin, iso‐liquiritigenin, luteolin, puerarin, rutin, and curcumin) with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and curcumin (CUR) with CDs (α‐CD, β‐CD, γ‐CD, dimethyl‐β‐CD, Hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD, and glucosyl‐β‐CD) were studied by molecular docking. The results showed that CUR among the six flavonoids was more likely to form stable inclusion complexes with β‐CD, and the HP‐β‐CD is the most suitable for CUR inclusion among the 6 types of CD. Phase solubility studies showed that CUR with β‐CD or HP‐β‐CD, respectively, could form stable inclusion complexes in a stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 1. The CUR/β‐CD and CUR/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complexes (ICs) were prepared by freeze‐drying method. The successful preparation of IC was confirmed by SEM images, FT‐IR spectra, and TG‐DSC. The results of in vitro release showed that the release of CUR from IC prepared with β‐CD or HP‐β‐CD could be improved significantly, and the release effect of HP‐β‐CD was better than that of β‐CD. The inclusion with CD could be used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of CUR.
Nano‐ZnFe2O4 Facilitates Lithium Metal Anode Achieving High Stability
Authors: Li Lei , Li Juanjuan , Hu Chunhong , Tan Shijiang , Shen Anwei , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to its remarkably low redox potential and high specific capacity, the lithium metal anode has long been regarded as the ultimate choice for anode in lithium‐ion cells. However, its practical application has been impeded by two major challenges: poor Coulomb efficiency and the inevitable formation of lithium dendrites during charging/discharging processes. In this study, we propose a method to address these issues by fabricating a protective layer for the lithium metal anode using a polyethylene separator that has been modified with a composite of zinc nanoferrite and porous carbon (referred to as ZnFe2O4@PE). By employing this approach, we aim to achieve enhanced stability during anode cycling. The ZnFe2O4@PE serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it effectively reduces the local current density, thereby mitigating the drastic volume changes that occur during charging and discharging. Additionally, the nano‐ZnFe2O4 possesses a favorable affinity for lithium ions, facilitating their homogeneous deposition and suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the lithium metal anodes coated with the ZnFe2O4@PE protective layer exhibit excellent cycling stability, maintaining stable performance for 250 h. This innovative strategy offers a promising application pathway for lithium metal anodes.
Mission creep at the Federal Reserve
Authors: Rouanet Louis , Salter Alexander William 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve has expanded its objectives beyond the traditional scope of monetary policy. It directly allocates credit, incorporates inequality considerations into its employment goals, and seems prepared to involve itself in climate change policy. In response to these developments, we make three elementary but often overlooked points. First, the Fed has engaged in mission creep since its earliest days. Second, mission creep has intensified since the financial crisis due to increases in both the supply of and demand for central bank activism. We argue that the floor system and accompanying unconventional monetary policies reduced the cost of mission creep. Third, we explain the likely negative consequences of mission creep. These have three causes: (1) mission creep increases the scope of credible commitment problems, (2) novel policies suffer from major knowledge problems, and (3) since those policies make the Fed's activities harder to monitor, it becomes costlier to discipline the central bank. The results are a greater scope for regulatory capture, bureaucratic incompetence, and rent‐seeking.
Epistemic injustice and the “Nature of Science”
Authors: Stroupe David , Suárez Enrique , Scipio Déana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractScientists and science educators have argued that learners (students, preservice teachers, and inservice teachers) should understand knowledge construction in science, in addition to figuring out disciplinary core ideas. Given this goal, some science education scholars created a construct called the “Nature of Science” (NOS), which aims to simplify the complex work of scientific knowledge production for learners. Since the 1980s, the NOS construct has shaped national and international science education reforms with the goal of creating a more scientifically literate populace. In this article, we name and question assumptions built into the NOS construct using the philosophical perspective of epistemic injustice. Using specific lenses of contributory injustice and testimonial injustice, we analyzed the 97 most‐cited peer‐reviewed NOS journal articles to examine which scholars are selected to create the NOS construct. We also examined how researchers using NOS position learners in relation to the construct. We found that White men are primarily named by NOS scholars to inform the construct. We also found that NOS research often positions learners from a deficit perspective compared to the construct. We conclude by discussing the potential injustices perpetuated by the NOS construct, and offer a vision for a more complete story of science in sites of learning.
Guerickes Versuch mit den Groβen Magdeburger Halbkugeln und den Pferden
Authors: Knapp Wolfram 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDer groβe Magdeburger Halbkugelversuch mit den 16 Pferden ist ein weltweit bekanntes historisches Vakuumexperiment. Otto von Guericke hat damit anschaulich gezeigt, dass der Luftdruck evakuierte Halbkugeln derart zusammenhält, dass selbst starke Pferde diese nicht auseinander bekommen. Diese Publikation beschäftigt sich aber vorrangig mit der Belastung der Pferde durch die Gewichtskraft der Halbkugeln, deren Anhebung während des Versuches die Reaktionskräfte in den Zugseilen stark vergröβert. Für groβe Halbkugeln und für symmetrische Verhältnisse wird ein Rechenbeispiel gegeben. Für quantitative Messungen der Gewichtskraft der Luft hat Guericke eine einfache Galgenkonstruktion für den Abrissversuch benutzt. Beide historischen Experimente werden gerne von der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Gesellschaft Magdeburg zu besonderen Anlässen vorgeführt und physikalisch erläutert, auch weil Guericke damit die Vakuumtechnik begründet hat.
Linking Sustainable Good Health and Well-Being to the Sustainable Development Goals: An Historical Perspective
Authors: Fet Annik Magerholm 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and their relevance for good health and well-being. Sustainable development is defined and then presented within three pillars: social, environmental and economic. The chapter examines these pillars and how they intersect with health.In 2000, out of the eight Millennium goals launched, six were directed at improving peoples’ health whilst the other two focused on environmental sustainability and partnership for development. The 17 SDGs launched in 2015 had 169 targets for 2030: often organised in the so-called Wedding Cake Model, which is examined in this chapter. Environmental issues are basic elements in this model, represented by the SDGs 6, 13, 14 and 15. Social issues are tackled through SDGs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. All these represent health issues as they relate to goals for “no hunger, education, healthy bodies and gender equality”. They are grouped together with SDGs 7, 11 and 16 with focus on access to clean energy, good housing, and strong institutions. The rest of the SDGs (SDGs 8, 9, 10 and 12) are defined as important for the economy (decent work, innovation and infrastructure, equity, responsible consumption and production). Partnership, SDG 17, is the overarching most important SDG, with its main focus on collaboration as a means for achieving a sustainable future. The chapter explores the SDGs for eradicating poverty, combatting inequality and stopping climate change by 2030, all of which impact sustainable good health and well-being.In conclusion, it addresses the need to take a transdiciplinary approach and forge cross-sectoral and institutional collaboration in order to achieve these SDGs.
Building Health Literacy: A Pedagogical Model for Good Health and Well-Being
Authors: Kvangarsnes Marit , Hole Torstein , Landstad Bodil J. , Dahl Berit Misund , Bårdsgjerde Elise Kvalsund 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to present a pedagogical model for building health literacy to obtain sustainable health services at both an individual and organisational level. Health-literate people and organisations are better able to access, analyse, and comprehend necessary health information to make appropriate decisions about health and well-being. Promoting health literacy is a priority for the World Health Organization, and lack of health literacy is a global concern. Health literacy is important for health promotion and disease prevention and is particularly significant for people with chronic diseases. Health professionals need pedagogical knowledge and tools to build health literacy and to promote good health and well-being, which is an important Sustainability Development Goal (SDG 3). A pedagogical model offers a systematic and universal approach for planning, implementing, and assessing health literacy. Moreover, the pedagogical model for health literacy is a useful tool for reaching sustainability goals related to good health and well-being and better opportunities for all. The model aims at liberating human resources and promoting equity and consists of six pedagogical categories: frame factors, content, goals, patients’ health literacy, communication, and assessment. The pedagogical model has an ecological approach. This means that individuals, social networks, organisations, communities, and population must be engaged in order to build health literacy. Educational interventions also play a vital role in building health literacy, such as schools which have a focus on promoting good health. Building health literacy needs to start in early childhood and span over an individual’s lifetime.
Building Health Literacy: Health Professionals’ Experiences in the Myocardial Infarction Pathway
Authors: Bårdsgjerde Elise Kvalsund , Landstad Bodil J. , Kvangarsnes Marit , Nylenna Magne , Hole Torstein 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed at exploring nurses’ and physicians’ experiences of building health literacy in the myocardial infarction pathway. A qualitative design was applied. Nurses participated in focus groups (n = 22) and physicians were individually interviewed (n = 9). The results are presented following the different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway with three distinct themes: precise and clear information (acute phase), starting to build health literacy (hospitalisation and discharge phase), and health-literate patients (rehabilitation phase). The findings showed that building health literacy varied depending on the different phases. The study revealed weaknesses in individual and organisational health literacy that require improvement. Health professionals participating in the study were concerned with preventing risk factors and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Cooperation between health professionals and organisations involved in the pathway must be improved to strengthen continuity in building health-literate patients. Promoting health literacy from a life span perspective is important for achieving Sustainability Development Goal 3: Good health and well-being, especially target 3.4, to reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases.