bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monotonicity In Word Formation: The Case Of Italo‐Romance Result State Adjectives
Authors: Bentley Delia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Monotonicity Hypothesis (Koontz‐Garboden ) predicts that no productive word formation operations delete any decompositional operators that are part of word meaning. We test this hypothesis examining Italo‐Romance result state participles. First, we consider rhizotonic~arrhizotonic pairs which provide morphologically transparent evidence for the contrast between non‐passive (non‐agentive) and passive (agentive) result state adjectives (e.g., Sicilian cuòttu/cùattu vs. cuciùtu ‘cooked’). Whereas the non‐passive result states of other languages have received decausative accounts, our findings suggest that such non‐monotonic accounts are based on an incorrect interpretation of the results of a key diagnostic test. Broadening the scope of our investigation, we consider other classes of non‐passive result state adjectives, which are indisputably non‐causative and cannot but be formed monotonically. We put forward a monotonic account of the formation of Italo‐Romance result state adjectives, which captures all the classes under investigation and can be extended to the result state adjectives of other languages. Ultimately, this study provides strong support for monotonicity in word formation.
Cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise haemodynamics and birth outcomes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Lane‐Cordova AD , Carnethon MR , Catov JM , Montag S , Lewis CE , Schreiner PJ , Dude A , Sternfeld B , Badon SE , Greenland P , Gunderson EP 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveDetermine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate recovery (HRR) following a maximal exercise test performed years preceding pregnancy with odds of preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks' gestation) and small for gestational age (SGA; birthweight <10th percentile) delivery.DesignProspective, longitudinal.SettingMulti‐site, observational cohort study initially consisting of 2787 black and white women aged 18–30 at baseline (1985–86) and followed for 25 years (Y25; 2010–2011).Population768 nulliparous women at baseline who reported ≥1 live birth by the Y25 exam.MethodsWe used Poisson regression to determine associations of exposures with PTB/SGA.Main outcome measuresPTB and/or SGA births.ResultsWomen with PTB (n = 143) and/or SGA (n = 88) were younger, had completed fewer years of education and were more likely to be black versus women without PTB/SGA (n = 546). Women with PTB/SGA had lower fitness (501 ± 9 versus 535 ± 6 seconds, P < 0.002) and higher submaximal SBP than women without PTB/SGA (144 ± 1 versus 142 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.04). After adjustment, no exercise test variables were associated with PTB/SGA, though the association with HRR and submaximal SBP approached significance in the subset of women who completed the exercise test <5 years before the index birth.ConclusionsNeither fitness nor haemodynamic responses to exercise a median of 5 years preceding pregnancy, were associated with PTB/SGA. These findings indicate excess likelihood of PTB/SGA is not detectable by low fitness or exercise haemodynamic responses 5 years preceding pregnancy, but exercise testing, especially HRR and submaximal SBP, may be more useful when conducted closer to the onset of pregnancy.Tweetable abstractExercise testing conducted >5 years before pregnancy may not detect women likely to have PTB/SGA.
Detection of Volatile Compounds of Cheese and Their Contribution to the Flavor Profile of Surface‐Ripened Cheese
Authors: Bertuzzi Andrea S. , McSweeney Paul L.H. , Rea Mary C. , Kilcawley Kieran N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe volatiles responsible for the typical aroma of cheese are produced mainly by lipolytic and proteolytic pathways and by the metabolism of lactose, lactate, and citrate. The volatile profile of cheese is determined by gas chromatography (GC), which includes the extraction, separation, and detection of volatiles. A wide range of extraction techniques is available, and technological improvements have been developed in GC separation and detection that enhance our understanding of the role of individual key volatiles to cheese flavor. To date, for surface‐ripened cheese, the main volatiles detected that contribute to flavor include acids, ketones, alcohols, and sulfur compounds. However, based on the limited number of studies undertaken and the approaches used, it appears that a significant degree of bias possibly exists that may have over‐ or underestimated the impact of specific chemical classes involved in the flavor of these types of cheese.
The Effect of Lowering the Legal Drink‐Drive Limit on the Toxicological Findings in Driver Fatalities: A Comparison of Two Jurisdictions,
Authors: Hamnett Hilary J. , Poulsen Helen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn December 2014, the legal blood alcohol limit for drivers in both Scotland and New Zealand was reduced from 80 to 50 mg/100 mL. This paper reports a retrospective study comparing changes in the toxicological findings in deceased drivers and motorcyclists before and after the limit change in both jurisdictions. A year of fatal motor vehicle crashes prior to and following the limit change is examined for both countries. In Scotland, there was an increase in drug prevalence among fatally injured drivers and motorcyclists, with the use of all drug groups increasing after the limit change, with the exception of cannabinoids. In New Zealand, there was a reduction in cases involving drugs only, but increases in the numbers of deceased drivers and motorcyclists positive for alcohol only and co‐using alcohol and drugs.
In silico identification, characterization and expression analysis of attacin gene family in response to bacterial and fungal pathogens in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Jo Yong Hun , Park Soyi , Park Ki Beom , Noh Mi Young , Cho Jun Ho , Ko Hye Jin , Kim Chang Eun , Patnaik Bharat Bhusan , Kim Jin , Won Ran , Bang In Seok , Lee Yong Seok , Han Yeon Soo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides are effector molecules induced after microbial challenges. These form important components of innate host defense against the pathogens by exhibiting wide‐spectrum antimicrobial activities. In this study, we identified three attacin‐like genes from Tenebrio molitor RNASeq database using Tribolium castaneum attacin gene family as query. The T. molitor attacin gene family was annotated as TmAttacin‐1a [comprising of 154 amino acids (aa)], TmAttacin‐1b (150 aa) and TmAttacin‐2 (164 aa), respectively. Temporal expression analysis shows that the TmAttacin‐1a and ‐1b mRNAs are highly expressed in late larval stages, followed by a general decline in the pre‐pupal stages. The mRNA level shows a decline during metamorphosis, and gets slightly overexpressed in pupal‐adult transition stages. On the other hand, TmAttacin‐2 is mainly overexpressed at 1‐day old pupal stage. Spatial expression analysis indicates that TmAttacin‐1a, −1b, and −2 mRNAs are primarily expressed in gut and fat body, but not in hemocytes and Malpighian tubules in T. molitor larvae. Interestingly, TmAttacin‐1b shows more than 20‐fold expression in the ovary, whereas TmAttacin‐1a and −2 show similar expression patterns in gut, fat body, hemocyte, ovary, and testis in T. molitor adults. Induction pattern analysis demonstrates that the intracellular Gram‐positive bacteria, L. monocytogenes elicited the strongest response by inducing ~1,000‐fold expression of TmAttacin‐1a mRNA. The highest level of TmAttacin‐1b mRNA (~350‐fold) was induced by Gram‐negative bacteria, E. coli. However, the TmAttacin‐2 transcripts were not induced by microbial challenges. These results indicate that TmAttacin‐1a and ‐1b may be required for antimicrobial defenses in T. molitor.
Insect growth regulatory and larvicidal activity of chalcones against Aedes albopictus
Authors: Lee Seok‐Hee , Choi Jae Young , Lee Bo Ram , Fang Ying , Kim Jong Hoon , Park Dong Hwan , Park Min Gu , Woo Ra Mi , Kim Woo Jin , Je Yeon Ho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWidespread use of chemical insecticides has resulted in development of insect resistance and natural products with biological activities could become an attractive alternative to control insect pests. In order to find more effective insecticides for controlling mosquito, various mosquitocidal compounds are studied. Recently, juvenile hormone antagonists (JHANs) have been found to be to safe and effective insecticides for control of mosquito. In order to identify novel insecticidal compounds with JHAN activity, several chalcones were surveyed on their JHAN activities and larvicidal activities against Aedes albopictus larvae. Among them, 2′‐hydroxychalcone and cardamonin showed high levels of JHAN and mosquito larvicidal activities. These results suggested that chalcones with JHAN activity could be useful for control of mosquito larvae.
Baculovirus titration method based on MOI values for optimizing recombinant protein expression of the anti‐cancer vaccine candidate GA733‐Fc using Sf9 insect cells
Authors: Moussavou Ghislain , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Qiao Lu , Noh Yoo Hun , Shin Yong Kyoo , Lee Tae Jin , Lee Seung Ho , Ko Kisung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe baculovirus expression system has been considered as a highly efficient tool for the production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins. The recombinant antigenic glycoprotein GA733 is a cell surface protein that is strongly expressed in human colorectal cancer. Efficient virus titration should be established to achieve optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) conditions, which are in turn essential for strong expression of the recombinant GA733 fused to the human immunoglobulin IgG Fc fragment (GA733‐Fc) in the baculovirus‐insect system. In the present study, the Sf9 cell line was transfected with plasmid DNA containing the GA733‐Fc expression cassette under the control of the baculovirus polyhedron promoter. MOI values (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3) were calculated based on both microscope observations and results of titration assay and then used to determine the optimum recombinant expression and harvested sample [cell culture media (CM) or cell lysate (CL)]. The pFastBac dual vector carrying the GA733‐Fc gene was constructed to express GA733‐Fc and used to generate recombinant baculoviruses. Western blotting results showed that recombinant protein expression was dependent on the MOI. In addition, CM and CL showed significant differences in protein synthesis and protein secretion capacities. Our findings suggested that our proposed titration method can be used for reliable calculation of MOI values, which significantly influence recombinant GA733‐Fc protein expression in the baculovirus‐insect cell system.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides Attenuate Antigen–Antibody Complex Induced Chemokine Release from Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines
Authors: Zehra Sehrish , Khambati Ibrahim , Vierhout Megan , Mian M. Firoz , Buck Rachael , Forsythe Paul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere has been increased interest in the use of dietary ingredients, including prebiotics such as human‐milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as therapeutic strategies for food allergy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of HMOs is important to realizing their therapeutic potential.Here we demonstrate that the HMO, 6’‐sialyllactose (6’SL) inhibited chemokine (IL‐8 and CCL20) release from T‐84 and HT‐29 cells stimulated with antigen–antibody complex, TNFα or PGE2; an effect that was PPARγ dependent and associated with decreased activity of the transcription factors AP‐1 and NFκB. In contrast, 2’‐fucosyllactose (2’FL) selectively inhibited CCL20 release in response to antigen antibody complex in a PPARγ independent manner.This study reinforces the concept that structurally different oligosaccharides have distinct biological activities and identifies, for the first time, that the HMOs, 6’SL, and 2’FL, modulate human epithelial cell responses related to allergic disease. These findings encourage further investigation of the therapeutic potential of specific HMOs in food allergy.Practical ApplicationThis study provides evidence for direct effects of HMOs in addition to their prebiotic role and demonstrates, for the first time, modulation of Ag–IgE complex activation of human epithelial cells that may have important implications for food‐allergy.The study also reinforces the concept that structurally different oligosaccharides have distinct biological activities. In determining the composition of infant formula, addition of oligosaccharides with specific structures may provide direct modulation of immune responses and potentially attenuate symptoms or development of food allergy.
Photo‐Curable Metal‐Chelating Coatings Offer a Scalable Approach to Production of Antioxidant Active Packaging
Authors: Lin Zhuangsheng , Goddard Julie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSynthetic metal chelators (for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) are widely used as additives to control trace transition metal induced oxidation in consumer products. To enable removal of synthetic chelators in response to increasing consumer demand for clean label products, metal‐chelating active food packaging technologies have been developed with demonstrated antioxidant efficacy in simulated food systems. However, prior work in fabrication of metal‐chelating materials leveraged batch chemical reactions to tether metal‐chelating ligands, a process with limited industrial translatability for large‐scale fabrication. To improve the industrial translatability, we have designed a 2‐step laminated photo‐grafting process to introduce metal chelating functionality onto common polymeric packaging materials. Iminodiacetic acid (IDA) functionalized materials were fabricated by photo‐grafting poly(acrylic acid) onto polypropylene (PP) films, followed by a second photo‐grafting process to graft‐polymerize an IDA functionalized vinyl monomer (GMA‐IDA). The photo‐grafting was conducted under atmospheric conditions and was completed in 2 min. The resulting IDA functionalized metal‐chelating material was able to chelate iron and copper, and showed antioxidant efficacy against ascorbic acid degradation, supporting its potential to be used synergistically with natural antioxidants for preservation of food and beverage products. The 2‐step photo‐grafting process improves the throughput of active packaging coatings, enabling potential roll‐to‐roll fabrication of metal‐chelating active packaging materials for antioxidant food packaging applications.Practical ApplicationTo address consumer and retail demands for “clean label” foods and beverages without a corresponding loss in product quality and shelf life, producers are seeking next generation technologies such as active packaging. In this work, we will report the synthesis of metal‐chelating active packaging films, which enable removal of the synthetic additive, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. The new synthesis technique improves the throughput of metal‐chelating active packaging coatings, enabling potential roll‐to‐roll fabrication of the materials for antioxidant food packaging applications.
MiR‐339 depresses cell proliferation via directly targeting S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 mRNA in lung cancer
Authors: Ren Hong , Zhang Yueqiao , Zhu Hongzhou 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundS‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (Skp2) takes great part in the development of multiple tumors. However, the post‐transcriptional modulation mechanism of Skp2 remains unclear. Here, we present a new regulatory microRNA of Skp2, miR‐339, which directly targets Skp2 to inhibit cell proliferation in lung cancer.MethodsThe expression of miR‐339 or Skp2 in lung cancer samples was tested by real time‐PCR. The correlation between miR‐339 and Skp2 in lung cancer samples was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The effect of miR‐339 or anti‐miR‐339 on Skp2 was evaluated by immunoblotting. The luciferase reporter gene assay was used to test the targeting of miR‐339 on Skp2. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation analysis were applied to examine the function of miR‐339 targeting Skp2 in lung cancer cells.ResultsThe negative correlation of miR‐339 with Skp2 was found in clinical human lung cancer tissues. Furthermore, Skp2 expression was obviously abated by miR‐339 in lung cancer A549 cells. Mechanistically, we used bioinformatics to predict that miR‐339 could target the 3′‐untranslated region of Skp2 mRNA. Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR‐339 could decrease the luciferase activities of the 3′‐untranslated region vector of Skp2. In terms of function, ectopic miR‐339 expression significantly suppressed cell proliferation in lung cancer. Overexpressed Skp2 accelerated miR‐339‐bated proliferation of lung cancer cells. MiR‐339 inhibitor promoted cell proliferation in lung cancer, but Skp2 RNA interference reversed miR‐339 inhibitor‐driven cell proliferation.ConclusionMiR‐339 targets the 3′‐untranslated region of Skp2 mRNA to depress the proliferation of lung cancer cells.
Phytosanitary irradiation of three species of spider mites (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Nicholas Adrian , Lidbetter Fiona , Eagleton Nyet , Spohr Lorraine , Harris Anne , Barchia Idris 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe survival of three species of Tetranychidae mites: Tetranychus evansi (tomato red spider mite), Tetranychus ludeni (bean spider mite) and Tetranychus urticae (two‐spotted mite), exposed to gamma irradiation doses of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy was investigated. The aim was to identify an irradiation dose capable of killing or sterilising mites infesting horticultural produce to prevent movement to and colonisation of host plants in non‐infested regions or countries. Eggs were irradiated separately; otherwise, to simulate naturally occurring mite populations, mixed life stages (immatures and adults) were combined and the treatment effects compared to non‐irradiated controls. Irradiated eggs of all species failed to develop and hatch at 200 Gy and above. Tetranychus urticae was the most tolerant species, requiring an irradiation dose of 300 Gy to ensure all adult females were sterilised. Sterilised adults continued to lay eggs, but these eggs failed to develop or hatch. Tetranychus evansi and T. ludeni were sterilised when irradiated at 200 Gy. Based on these results, a dose of 300 Gy is recommended as a phytosanitary measure to prevent the survival of these species of Tetranychidae pests of horticultural produce in non‐infested regions. Combined with data from other studies this study proposes a generic dose for Tetranychidae mites of 375 Gy.
Ecosystem service of biological pest control in Australia: the role of non‐crop habitats within landscapes
Authors: Gagic Vesna , Paull Cate , Schellhorn Nancy A 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSemi‐natural areas surrounding field crops are generally shown to enhance natural enemies of pests and biocontrol services within field crops worldwide. However, most of the evidence comes from work conducted in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and it remains unclear to what extent these conclusions hold true in other parts of the world. Here, we provide an overview of the research in Australia investigating the link between populations of pests and their natural enemies and the type, quality, quantity and spatial arrangement of non‐crop habitats surrounding field crops. There is strong evidence in Australia that exotic weeds support multiple pest species, but the link between weediness of semi‐natural habitats and biological pest control within field crops remains to be investigated. Further, woody vegetation in good condition (not grazed, with mid‐ and under‐story and good ground cover) appears to supports multiple natural enemies that move into crops, especially when in close proximity to the crop. The role of grasslands is less conclusive, and in some cases, other crops, such as lucerne, may play a major role for biocontrol within neighbouring crops. At the landscape scale, proportion of non‐crop vegetation had opposing results at different spatial scales and for different natural enemies. However, the research investigating landscape composition is scarce, particularly in relation to biological pest control. We conclude that non‐crop vegetation in a good condition is critical for developing solutions for improving biological pest control and reducing risk of pest outbreaks, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and develop reliable recommendations.
Understanding of diagnosis and medications among non‐English‐speaking older patients
Authors: Teo Ken GW , Tacey Mark , Holbeach Edwina 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether non‐English‐speaking background (NESB) patients had a poorer understanding of diagnosis and medications compared to English‐speaking background (ESB) patients.MethodsEnglish‐speaking background and NESB patients admitted to inpatient geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) unit were asked standardised questions about their admission diagnosis, reason for GEM admission and medications. Accuracy of answers, as compared to medical notes, ranked as ‘full credit’, ‘partial credit’ or ‘no credit’.ResultsOf the 66 patients recruited (30 NESB), understanding of diagnosis and purpose of GEM admission was good. There was no difference between ESB and NESB patients. Understanding of medications taken prior to admission was poor, with 67% of overall patients scoring ‘no credit’. NESB patients were more likely to score ‘no credit’ compared to ESB (80% vs 56%, P = 0.036).ConclusionReassuringly, patients had a reasonable understanding of diagnosis and purpose of GEM admission. Lack of understanding of medications, especially among NESB patients, should be improved.
Topical benzydamine hydrochloride for prevention of postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing tracheal intubation for elective surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuriyama A. , Aga M. , Maeda H. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPostoperative sore throat has a negative impact on patient satisfaction and recovery. Benzydamine hydrochloride is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug available for topical use. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of topical application of benzydamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. We searched PubMed,EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant randomised controlled trials and pooled the data using a random effects model. The primary outcomes were the incidence and severity of sore throat 24 h after surgery/extubation, and adverse events. The quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Thirteen randomised controlled trials involving 1842 patients were included. Compared with control patients who did not receive analgesia, benzydamine was associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative sore throat, with a risk ratio (95%CI) of 0.31 (0.20–0.47), but not with significantly reduced severity, the standardised mean difference (95%CI) being −0.27 (−0.63 to 0.08). There were no significant adverse events related to benzydamine. Benzydamine was also associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat when compared with lidocaine, with a risk ratio (95%CI) of 0.18 (0.07–0.43). We judged the evidence for the outcome ‘incidence of postoperative sore throat’ as high quality.