bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Augmented Reality Technology in the Language Classroom / Istraživanje uloge tehnologije proširene stvarnosti u nastavi jezika
Authors: Solak Ekrem , Cakır Recep 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to inform about some of the current applications and literature on Augmented Reality (AR) technology in education and to present experimental data about the effectiveness of AR application in a language classroom at the elementary level in Turkey. The research design of the study was quasi-experimental. Sixty-one 5th grade students from a state elementary school participated in this research on a volunteer basis. The participants were divided into the experimental and control group, where new vocabulary items were introduced to the experimental group through augmented reality technology. A post-test and a retention test were administered upon the implementation of the program. The results of the study revealed that participants from the experimental group achieved higher scores than participants in the control group and they also performed better in recalling the learnt information. This study suggested that the use of AR technology in a language classroom at the elementary level increased learners’ performances and made vocabulary learning more effective in comparison with the traditional methods. Key words: augmented reality; AR technology in language learning; educational technology; technology and language learning.---SažetakSvrha ovoga istraživanja bila je predočiti neke od aktualnih primjena tehnologije proširene stvarnosti (dalje u tekstu AR tehnologije) i literature vezane uz AR tehnologiju u obrazovanju. Nadalje, cilj je bio prikazati eksperimentalne podatke o učinkovitosti primjene AR tehnologije u nastavi jezika na razini osnovne škole u Turskoj. Istraživanje je polueksperimentalne prirode. Uzorak se sastojao od 61 učenika petoga razreda osnovne škole koji su dobrovoljno sudjelovali u istraživanju. Učenici su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine: eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu. U eksperimentalnoj skupini učenici su se susreli s novim vokabularom koristeći se AR tehnologijom. Posttest i test pamćenja provedeni su nakon završetka programa. Rezultati istraživanja otkrili su da su učenici u eksperimentalnoj skupini ostvarili bolje rezultate od učenika u kontrolnoj skupini te su također bili bolji u prisjećanju naučenoga. Ovim istraživanjem pokazalo se da upotreba AR tehnologije u nastavi jezika na razini osnovne škole povećava postignuća učenika te je učenje vokabulara učinkovitije u odnosu na tradicionalne metode poučavanja. Ključne riječi: proširena stvarnost; AR tehnologija u nastavi jezika; obrazovna tehnologija; tehnologija u učenju jezika.
Associations between Morphological Characteristics, Motor Abilities and Preparedness for School in Preschool Girls/Povezanosti morfoloških karakteristika, motoričkih sposobnosti i spremnosti za školu kod djevojčica predškolske dobi
Authors: Horvat Vatroslav , Sindik Joško 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLinks between morphological characteristics (MC), motor abilities (MA) and psychological preparedness (PP) for school of preschool girls could help improve the quality of educational work for their teachers. The main goal of the study was to determine the correlation between three sets of data: MA, MC and PP. The randomized sample of preschool girls (N=127), aged 6-7, was examined. Fourteen MCs were measured. To measure MAs of the participants, 18 composite motor tests were adjusted for preschool children, three for each motor dimension: coordination, flexibility, strength, agility, accuracy and balance. Test for School Preparedness (TSS) with five subtests was used in estimating PP. The correlations between MC, MA and PP of preschool girls were determined by the use of both univariate and canonical correlations. The results revealed that all canonical correlations were statistically significant: between MC and MA, MA and PP, as well as MC and PP. However, in spite of its significance, canonical correlation was lowest between MC and PP. One of the hypotheses in explaining this relationship could be the speed of maturity, which is different for preschool girls and boys. Key words: anthropometry; correlation; development; growth; preschool children; psychological tests. --- SažetakPovezanost morfoloških karakteristika (MC), motoričkih sposobnosti (MA) i psihološke pripremljenosti (PP) za školu kod djevojčica predškolske dobi može pomoći u poboljšanju kvalitete odgojno-obrazovnog rada njihovih odgojitelja. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između tri skupine podataka: MA, MC i PP. Ispitan je slučajni uzorak djevojčica predškolske dobi (N=127), u dobi od 6 do 7 godina. Mjereno je 14 MC. Za mjerenje MA sudionica 18 je kompozitnih motoričkih testova prilagođeno za djecu predškolske dobi, po tri za svaku motoričku dimenziju: koordinacija, fleksibilnost, snaga, agilnost, preciznost i ravnoteža. Test pripremljenosti za školu (TSS) s pet subtestova koristio se u procjeni PP. Korelacije između MC, MA i PP kod djevojčica predškolske dobi određene su i s pomoću univarijatnih i s pomoću kanoničkih korelacija. Rezultati su pokazali da su sve kanoničke korelacije statistički značajne: između MC i MA, MA i PP, kao i MC i PP. Međutim, unatoč svojoj statističkoj značajnosti, kanoničke su korelacije najniže između MC i PP. Jedna od hipoteza u objašnjavanju tog odnosa može biti brzina sazrijevanja, koja je različita kod predškolskih djevojčica i dječaka.Ključne riječi: antropometrija, korelacija, razvoj, rast, predškolska djeca, psihološki testovi
La formación y el ejercicio de la docencia universitaria en Ecuador. Desafíos
Authors: Fabara Garzón Eduardo Emilio 
Published: January 2017

<p>Este estudio se refiere a la necesidad que tiene el sistema de educación superior de formar los docentes universitarios; se inicia con el análisis del proceso de Bolonia; se describen las últimas disposiciones relativas al funcionamiento de los centros de educación superior; se estudian las ofertas que existen actualmente en el país en la formación de los docentes universitarios y los aspectos que se deberían tomar en cuenta en un futuro proceso de formación.</p><p>Se toman en cuenta las experiencias de Colombia en la formación de estos docentes.</p><p>También se analizan las funciones, atribuciones y responsabilidades que tienen los profesores en los aspectos relacionados con la docencia, la investigación y la gestión de los centros educativos. Se hace una revisión de cada una de las funciones que señala el reglamento respectivo para lograr una educación de calidad.</p><p>Se obtienen algunas conclusiones, algunas de ellas relacionadas con los cambios que se han producido en los últimos años en el desarrollo de las universidades del país.</p>
Bacterias en superficies contactadas durante las tomas radiográficas intraorales
Authors: Lee Guihan , Calderón-Ubaquí Victor , Sacsaquispe-Contreras Sonia 
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de bacterias mediante el análisis microbiológico en las superficies contactadas por el operador durante la toma y procesado de radiografías intraorales en diferentes momentos del día en el Servicio de Radiología Oral de la UPCH. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un muestreo en nueve superficies del servicio de radiología oral. Las muestras se tomaron en dos momentos por el mismo investigador; al inicio y al finalizar las actividades en el servicio, se realizó el hisopado de las superficies con Caldo de Tripticasa Soya(TSB). Las muestras fueron inoculadas e incubadas en tres medios de cultivos (Agar Plate Count, Agar Sangre Cordero y Agar Cetrimide). Luego se realizó el conteo respectivo de Unidad Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) y también se realizó la tinción Gram. Resultados: Se encontró una alta cantidad concentración de bacterias (4180 UFC/mL) y hongos en el servicio radiología oral. Los cocos gram positivos fueron los microorganismos encontrados con más frecuencia y los bacilos gram negativos fueron menos encontradas. Conclusiones: Existeuna gran contaminación de bacterias en el servicio de radiología oral. Al finalizar las actividades disminuye la cantidad de bacterias, pero aumenta la variedad de bacterias.
Prevalencia de bruxismo de vigilia evaluado por auto-reporte en relación con estrés, ansiedad y depresión
Authors: Ordóñez-Plaza Miriam Patricia , Villavicencio-Caparó Ébingen , Alvarado-Jiménez Omar Ricardo , Vanegas-Avecillas María Elizabeth 
Published: January 2017

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión con la prevalencia del bruxismo probable de vigilia en los estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un diseño de casos y controles, donde se evaluaron en total 284 pacientes, se utilizó un cuestionario de auto reporte más la examinación clínica para determinar el bruxismo “probable” de vigilia y se aplicó la escala DASS-21 para medir el estrés, ansiedad, y depresión. Resultados: los datos revelaron una prevalencia de 52.1% de Bruxismo probable de vigilia y una asociación con las variables estrés (OR: 3.148 IC 95%: 1.9 – 5.1), ansiedad (OR: 3.222 IC 95%: 1.9 – 5.4) y depresión (OR: 3.284 IC 95%: 2.0 – 5.3) con esta parafunción, a la vez no se encontró una asociación significativa entre bruxismo de vigilia con las variables edad mayor de 21 años y menor de 21 años (OR: 1.400 IC 95%: O.8 – 2.2) y sexo (OR: 1.260 IC 95%(0.7 – 2.0). Conclusiones: La depresión fue el factor asociado más relevante para el bruxismo de vigilia, esta patología es altamente prevalente entre los estudiantes universitarios de la facultad de odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca es de 52.1%, existe una alta frecuencia de pacientes con estrés.
Corrección de la incompetencia labial mediante extracción de primeros premolares en paciente Clase II. Reporte de caso
Authors: Ubilla-Mazzini William , Mazzini-Torres Fátima , Moreira-Campuzano Tanya , Parrales-Bravo Carolina 
Published: January 2017

Uno de los grandes problemas a tratar por el ortodoncista es la incompetencia labial. Ésta se presenta cuando el labio superior pierde tonicidad y se torna hipotónico mientras que el inferior se vuelve hipertónico. Esta es una característica de los pacientes clase II, cuya inclinación de incisivos superiores se encuentra aumentada y produce la falla en el selle de los labios. Gracias a la ortodoncia es posible corregir dicho defecto por medio de un diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento adecuado, que conlleva el estudio clínico y radiográfico del caso. Con esto el especialista podrá brindar la solución al problema inicial de la consulta. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue mejorar el perfil del paciente y corregir la incompetencia labial. Mediante la extracción dental de primeros premolares superiores y gracias a la aplicación de la técnica MBT mediante el uso de retro ligadura se pudo cumplir el objetivo inicial, mejorando la estética y la función de las estructuras dento faciales.
Risk-Adjusted Hospital Outcomes in Medicare Total Joint Replacement Surgical Procedures
Authors: Fry Donald E. , Pine Michael , Nedza Susan M. , Locke David G. , Reband Agnes M. , Pine Gregory 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Comparative measurement of hospital outcomes can define opportunities for care improvement and will assume great importance as alternative payment models for inpatient total joint replacement surgical procedures are introduced. The purpose of this study was to develop risk-adjusted models for Medicare inpatient and post-discharge adverse outcomes in elective lower-extremity total joint replacement and to apply these models for hospital comparison.

Methods:
Hospitals with ≥50 qualifying cases of elective total hip replacement and total knee replacement from the Medicare Limited Data Set database of 2010 to 2012 were studied. Logistic risk models were designed for adverse outcomes of inpatient mortality, prolonged length-of-stay outliers in the index hospitalization, 90-day post-discharge deaths without readmission, and 90-day readmissions after excluding non-related readmissions. For each hospital, models were used to predict total adverse outcomes, the number of standard deviations from the mean (z-scores) for hospital performance, and risk-adjusted adverse outcomes for each hospital.

Results:
A total of 253,978 patients who underwent total hip replacement and 672,515 patients who underwent total knee replacement were studied. The observed overall adverse outcome rates were 12.0% for total hip replacement and 11.6% for total knee replacement. The z-scores for 1,483 hospitals performing total hip replacements varied from −5.09 better than predicted to +5.62 poorer than predicted; 98 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations better than predicted and 142 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations poorer than predicted. The risk-adjusted adverse outcome rate for these hospitals was 6.6% for the best-decile hospitals and 19.8% for the poorest-decile hospitals. The z-scores for the 2,349 hospitals performing total knee replacements varied from −5.85 better than predicted to +11.75 poorer than predicted; 223 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations better than predicted and 319 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations poorer than predicted. The risk-adjusted adverse outcome rate for these hospitals was 6.4% for the best-decile hospitals and 19.3% for the poorest-decile hospitals.

Conclusions:
Risk-adjusted outcomes demonstrate wide variability and illustrate the need for improvement among poorer-performing hospitals for bundled payments of joint replacement surgical procedures.

Clinical Relevance:
Adverse outcomes are known to occur in the experience of all clinicians and hospitals. The risk-adjusted benchmarking of hospital performance permits the identification of adverse events that are potentially preventable.
Repeat Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Knee Infection Is Dependent on Host Grade
Authors: Fehring Keith A. , Abdel Matthew P. , Ollivier Matthieu , Mabry Tad M. , Hanssen Arlen D. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Two-stage exchange arthroplasty after a previous, failed 2-stage exchange procedure is fraught with difficulties, and there are no clear guidelines for treatment or prognosis given the heterogeneous group of patients in whom this procedure has been performed. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) staging system was developed in an attempt to stratify patients according to infection type, host status, and local soft-tissue status. The purpose of this study was to report the results of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty following a previous, failed 2-stage exchange protocol for periprosthetic knee infection as well as to identify risk factors for failure.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified 45 patients who had undergone 2 or more 2-stage exchange arthroplasties for periprosthetic knee infection from 2000 to 2013. Patients were stratified according to the MSIS system, and risk factors for failure were analyzed. The minimum follow-up was 2 years (mean, 6 years; range, 24 to 132 months).

Results:
At the time of follow-up, twenty-two (49%) of the patients had undergone another revision due to infection and 28 (62%) had undergone another revision for any reason. The infection recurred in 6 (75%) of 8 substantially immunocompromised hosts (MSIS type C) and in 3 (30%) of 10 uncompromised hosts (type A) following the second 2-stage exchange arthroplasty (p = 0.06). The infection recurred in 4 (80%) of 5 patients with compromise of the extremity (MSIS type 3) and 3 (33%) of 9 patients with an uncompromised extremity (type 1) (p = 0.27). Both extremely compromised hosts with an extremely compromised extremity (type C3) had recurrence of the infection whereas 3 (30%) of the 10 uncompromised patients with no or less compromise of the extremity (type A1 or A2) did. Five patients in the failure group underwent a third 2-stage exchange arthroplasty following reinfection, and 3 of them were infection-free at the time of the latest follow-up.

Conclusions:
Uncompromised hosts (MSIS type A) with an acceptable wound (MSIS type 1 or 2) had a 70% rate of success (7 of 10) after a repeat 2-stage exchange arthroplasty, whereas type-B2 hosts had a 50% success rate (10 of 20). The repeat 2-stage exchange procedure failed in both type-C3 hosts; thus, alternative salvage procedures should be considered for such patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Comparison of Matched and Unmatched Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants from 2006 to 2014: Data from the National Resident Matching Program
Authors: Schrock John B. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Dayton Michael R. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
The Association of American Medical Colleges publishes residency match data and reports through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) every year. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in orthopaedic surgery residency matching data and characteristics of successful applicants to counsel medical students with regard to their chances of matching.

Methods:
The annual reports of the NRMP were searched annually from 2006 to 2014 to determine the number of orthopaedic surgery residency positions available, the number of applicants, and the match rate among applicants. Comparisons were performed between matched applicants and unmatched applicants with regard to the number of contiguous ranks and distinct specialties, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, number of research experiences and research products (abstracts, presentations, posters, publications), and proportion of Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) Honor Medical Society members and students at a top-40, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded medical school.

Results:
The number of orthopaedic surgery positions available and number of applicants increased at a mean rate of 9 positions and 65 applicants per year (p = 0.11). The mean number of contiguous ranks for U.S. senior medical students was 11.5 for those who matched and 5.5 for those who did not match (p < 0.0001). The USMLE scores for applicants who matched were significantly greater than for those who did not match in each category: Step-1 scores for U.S. seniors (p < 0.001) and independent applicants (p = 0.039), and Step-2 scores for U.S. seniors (p < 0.01) and independent applicants (p = 0.026). The mean number of research products was significantly greater for matched U.S. seniors compared with unmatched U.S. seniors (p = 0.035). A significantly higher proportion of matched U.S. seniors compared with unmatched U.S. seniors were AOA members and students at a top-40, NIH-funded medical school (both p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Successful applicants in the Match for orthopaedic surgery residency have higher USMLE Step-1 and 2 scores, number of research experiences and research products, and contiguous ranks. A higher proportion of successful applicants are AOA members and students at a top-40, NIH-funded medical school.
A Dedicated Orthopaedic Trauma Operating Room Improves Efficiency at a Pediatric Center
Authors: Brusalis Christopher M. , Shah Apurva S. , Luan Xianqun , Lutts Meaghan K. , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating rooms have improved operating room efficiency, physician schedules, and patient outcomes in adult populations. The purpose of this study was to determine if a dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room was associated with improved patient flow and cost savings at a level-I pediatric trauma center.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed for two 3-year intervals before and after implementation of a weekday, unbooked operating room reserved for orthopaedic trauma cases. Index procedures for 5 common fractures were investigated, including supracondylar humeral fractures, both bone forearm fractures, lateral condylar fractures, tibial fractures, and femoral fractures. To provide a control group to account for potential extrinsic changes in hospital efficiency, laparoscopic appendectomies were also analyzed. For each procedure, efficiency parameters and surgical complications, defined as unplanned reoperations, were compared between time periods. The mean cost reduction per patient was calculated on the basis of the mean daily cost of an inpatient hospital bed.

Results:
Of 1,469 orthopaedic procedures analyzed, 719 cases occurred before the implementation of the dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room, and 750 cases were performed after the implementation. The frequency of after-hours procedures (5 p.m. to 7 a.m.) was reduced by 48% (p < 0.001). The mean wait time for the operating room decreased among supracondylar humeral fractures, lateral condylar fractures, and tibial fractures, whereas no significant decrease (p = 0.302) occurred among 2,076 laparoscopic appendectomy cases. The mean duration of the surgical procedure and the mean time in the operating room were not significantly affected. Across all orthopaedic procedures, the mean duration of inpatient hospitalization decreased by 5.6 hours (p < 0.001), but no significant difference occurred among appendectomies. Decreased length of stay resulted in a mean cost reduction of $1,251 per patient. Supracondylar humeral fracture cases performed after implementation of the dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room had fewer surgical complications (p = 0.018). No difference in complication rate was detected among the other orthopaedic procedures.

Conclusions:
A dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room in a pediatric trauma center was associated with fewer after-hours procedures, decreased wait time to the surgical procedure, reduced length of hospitalization, and decreased cost.
The Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Romeo Anthony A. 
Published: January 2017

➤ Medial elbow pain in the throwing athlete can result from a variety of sources, including medial epicondylitis, valgus extension overload, ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency, ulnar neuritis, and others.➤ Initial treatment following a UCL tear involves a period of rest (no throwing or strenuous use of the elbow) followed by rehabilitation and a graduated throwing program.➤ UCL reconstruction (UCLR) has become the preferred surgical treatment method for patients with a symptomatic, deficient UCL who wish to return to sports.➤ Several modifications to the original technique described by Jobe et al. have been proposed, including a muscle-splitting approach, a docking technique, and the use of various grafts, including hamstring autograft and several types of allografts.➤ The timing of return to sport following UCLR varies from patient to patient, with some patients being able to return within 12 months and others taking >18 months. Although the literature varies, typically >80% of patients are able to return to the same level of sport following UCLR.