bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation in craniomaxillofacial training
Authors: Meara Daniel J. , Coffey Zern Susan 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Simulation in healthcare is no longer a novel idea. Simulation continues to rapidly permeate and transform both clinical practice and medical education. Craniomaxillofacial surgery is comprised of multiple surgical disciplines, including neurosurgery, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. All of these specialties are performing surgery in an era of evolving technology, cost containment, reduced resident work hours, and a focus on patient safety. As a result, the purpose of this manuscript is to review the most recent literature and trends in craniomaxillofacial surgery simulation as it pertains to advances in: teaching methodology, technology for training, and professional development, including lifelong learning and certificate maintenance.

Recent findings
The Halstedian model of education is no longer valid in isolation as simulation continues to evolve. Advances are occurring in craniomaxillofacial simulation fidelity, via technology, validation, and implementation, though significant opportunity still exists toward total integration into training, as procedural models are limited.

Summary
Simulation in craniomaxillofacial training is not fully pervasive or integrated, but evidence exists that simulation is rapidly evolving via improvements in innovation, fidelity, teaching methodology, and ultimately, commitment to simulation as a means to improve surgical education as well as patient safety and quality.
Update in alar base reduction in rhinoplasty
Authors: Lima Leila Freire Rego , Arroyo Helena Hotz , Jurado José Roberto Parisi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to further explore the techniques available for alar base reduction by a recent review in this topic, focusing in the current advances in the field, in a clear and readable format.

Recent findings
Among the numerous techniques available, the management of cases with wide nasal base and alar flaring remains limited to three options: cinching sutures to pull in the alae together; or to use alar base excisions that remove tissue from the alar lobule to decrease flare and from inside the nostril to decrease width; and flap advancement.

Summary
Surgical modification of the nasal base is not a routine part of rhinoplasty and should be performed in a conservative manner to prevent complications like nasal stenosis. Moreover, this maneuver should always be the last one in rhinoplasty, as alar base modifications cannot be properly assessed until all other steps have been carried out.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COOH/A24
Four-dimensional MRI flow examinations in cerebral and extracerebral vessels – ready for clinical routine?
Authors: Schnell Susanne , Wu Can , Ansari Sameer A. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
To evaluate the feasibility of 4-dimensional (4D) flow MRI for the clinical assessment of cerebral and extracerebral vascular hemodynamics in patients with neurovascular disease.

Recent findings
4D flow MRI has been applied in multiple studies to qualitatively and quantitatively study intracranial aneurysm blood flow for potential risk stratification and to assess treatment efficacy of various neurovascular lesions, including intraaneurysmal and parent artery blood flow after flow diverter stent placement and staged embolizations of arteriovenous malformations and vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations. Recently, the technique has been utilized to characterize age-related changes of normal cerebral hemodynamics in healthy individuals over a broad age range.

Summary
4D flow MRI is a useful tool for the noninvasive, volumetric and quantitative hemodynamic assessment of neurovascular disease without the need for gadolinium contrast agents. Further improvements are warranted to overcome technical limitations before broader clinical implementation. Current developments, such as advanced acceleration techniques (parallel imaging and compressed sensing) for faster data acquisition, dual or multiple velocity encoding strategies for more accurate arterial and venous flow quantification, ultrahigh-field strengths to achieve higher spatial resolution and streamlined postprocessing workflow for more efficient and standardized flow analysis, are promising advancements in 4D flow MRI.
The nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology and management advances
Authors: Reichmann Heinz , Brandt Moritz D. , Klingelhoefer Lisa 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
In recent years progress has been made in the detection and evaluation of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. The pathophysiology is better understood and new treatment is available, which will be discussed in this review.

Recent findings
The most intriguing recent finding is the fact that Parkinson's disease may be a spreading disease. From the environment a toxin, bacteria, or virus may start in genetically susceptible patients a cascade of α-synuclein aggregation which reaches via the olfactory and the enteric system of the gut the brain where further spreading causes symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, motor impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. New treatment should address the abnormal α-synuclein folding. If this would be achieved premotor signs, such as hyposmia, rapid eye movement-sleep behavior disorder, constipation, or depression may be a kind of biomarkers which allow together with other diagnostic tools, such as parenchymal sonography, iodobenzamide-scintigraphy and dopamine transporter scans the prediction whether somebody might be under way to develop the full-blown Parkinson's disease syndrome.

Summary
Parkinson's disease seems to be a spreading disease which causes not only a dopaminergic deficit as major cause for the movement disorder but also impairs function of many other brain centers which leads to a multitransmitter malfunction.
Therapeutic Implications of Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability in Muscle Cramping: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Hurst Rebecca L. , Hobson-Webb Lisa D. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
Muscle cramping due to peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) is poorly characterized. This retrospective study examines the prevalence of PNH and response to treatment.

Methods:
The Duke EMG Database was queried to identify patients with muscle cramping tested for PNH from 2010 to 2015. Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability was defined by compound muscle action potential after-discharges on repetitive nerve stimulation. Response to treatment was determined by the treating physician's clinical impression 6 months after diagnosis or last documented visit.

Results:
Seventy-two patients met inclusion criteria. Twenty-three (32%) patients had electrodiagnostic evidence of PNH. Of the patients with PNH, 74% had a good response to treatment whereas 37% of treated patients in the PNH-negative group (P = 0.0258). Carbamazepine and gabapentin were the most frequently used treatments with response rates of 70% and 77%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Muscle cramps associated with PNH respond well to symptomatic treatment, particularly with carbamazepine and gabapentin.
Myocarditis in Mediterranean spotted fever: a case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Colomba Claudia , Siracusa Lucia , Trizzino Marcello , Gioè Claudia , Giammanco Anna , Cascio Antonio 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a tick-borne acute febrile disease caused byRickettsia conorii. Most cases follow a benign course, with a case fatality rate of 3–7 % among hospitalized patients. Complications are described mainly in adult patients and include hepatic, renal, neurological and cardiac impairment. Among cardiac complications, pericarditis, myocarditis and heart rhythm disorders are uncommon complications in MSF and only a few cases have been reported in the literature.Case Presentation:We describe a new case of acute myocarditis complicating MSF in an immunocompetent adult patient without risk factors for severe MSF.Conclusion:Myocarditis is an uncommon but severe complication of MSF. Clinicians should be aware of a possible cardiac involvement in patients with MSF. Close monitoring and an aggressive approach are essential to reduce mortality rates of MSF.
Granulicatella adiacens prosthetic hip joint infection after dental treatment
Authors: Aweid Osama , Sundararajan Sabapathy , Teferi Abraham 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:

Granulicatella adiacens is a Gram-positive bacteria and a normal component of oral flora. It is also found in dental plaques, endodontic abscesses and can rarely cause more serious infections.

Case presentation:
We describe a prosthetic hip joint infection in an 81-year-old fit and healthy man due to Granulicatella adiacens who underwent a prolonged dental intervention two days earlier without antibiotic prophylaxis. The infection was successfully treated with surgical intervention and a combination of antibiotics. The patient eventually succumbed to severe community-acquired pneumonia two months later.

Conclusion:
Current guidelines recommend avoidance of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental treatment in patients who have no co-morbidities and no prior operation on the index prosthetic joint. This case report indicates that infections of prosthetic joints may be associated with dental procedures even in fit and healthy patients without the recognized risk factors.
Contact, travel, and transmission: The impact of winter holidays on influenza dynamics in the United States
Authors: Ewing Anne , Lee Elizabeth C. , Viboud Cécile , Bansal Shweta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe seasonality of influenza is thought to vary according to environmental factors and human behavior. During winter holidays, potential disease-causing contact and travel deviate from typical patterns, and we aim to understand these changes on age-specific and spatial flu transmission.MethodsWe characterized the changes to transmission and epidemic trajectories among children and adults in a spatial context before, during, and after the winter holidays among aggregated physician medical claims in the United States from 2001 to 2009 and among synthetic data simulated from a deterministic, age-specific spatial metapopulation model.ResultsWinter holidays reduced flu transmission and delayed the trajectory of flu season epidemics. The holiday period itself observed a shift in relative risk of disease from children towards adults. Model results indicated that holidays delay epidemic peaks and synchronize incidence across locations, and contact reductions from school closures rather than age-specific mixing and travel produce these observed holiday dynamics.ConclusionsWinter holidays delay seasonal influenza epidemic peaks due to changes in contact patterns. These findings may improve the future design of influenza intervention strategies, such as the proper timing and duration of school closures, and the spatial and demographic allocation of vaccines.
Adapted DBT programme for individuals with intellectual disabilities and problems managing emotions: staff awareness training
Authors: Ashworth Sarah , Mooney Paul , Tully Ruth 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present the development and evaluation of an original training package for staff members on an awareness of an adapted Dialectical Behaviour Therapy programme, the “I Can Feel Good” programme (Ingamells and Morrissey, 2014) designed for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and problems managing emotions. The quality and effectiveness of the training was assessed and is reported in this paper.Design/methodology/approach– The training was delivered for staff working with individuals with ID in a UK medium-secure psychiatric hospital and was attended by nursing staff. The workshop consisted of six modules: “Introduction to the programme”, “Mindfulness”, “Managing feelings”, “Coping in Crisis”, “People skills” and “Application and summary”. Level of self-reported knowledge, confidence and motivation regarding seven aspects of the training was measured by an evaluation questionnaire completed pre and post training.Findings– The results of this study showed that following the training there was a significant increase in self-reported knowledge, confidence and motivation regarding the seven aspects of the training. When perceptions of staff behaviours are observed, although in the right direction, this change was found not to be significant.Originality/value– This study highlights the potential for staff training to increase awareness of newly adapted therapeutic programmes for individuals with ID. The staff training may increase their ability and willingness to facilitate the running of such programmes and ability to support learning transfer in group members.
Hyundai Motors India Limited: positioning towards market leadership
Authors: Kainth Jyoti , Mathur Tanmay 
Published: June 2016

Subject area:
Marketing Management, Product Management, Marketing Strategy.

Study level/applicability
Bachelor of Business Studies, MBA, Executive MBA.

Case overview
The case throws light on the intensely competitive Indian passenger car market and its unique challenges faced by Hyundai Motors India Limited (HMIL). It tries to capture the evolution of this dynamic industry, which is characterized by regular product launches and re-positioning efforts. The students are expected to assess the performance of HMIL and the success of its positioning efforts through multiple quantitative and qualitative data points given in the case. The students need to come up with recommendations whether, amidst intense competition, Government regulations and changing consumer expectations, HMIL should launch new products in its portfolio? If, yes, in which segments? And what should be the guiding philosophy behind such product launches?

Expected learning outcomes
The case is expected to guide students: 1. in comprehending the various macro-environmental factors that has made India an attractive passenger car market to invest and operate in, to virtually all multinational players across all segments; 2. in analyzing how the passenger car market is segmented in India; 3. in assessing the product-driven segment-wise performance by HMIL specifically and organizations in general and what are its implications on decision-making; this is indicative of the brand portfolio management based on BCG Brand/Product Portfolio Growth Share Matrix; 4. in assessing the impact of re-positioning on the firms performance judged before and after the re-positioning efforts by the firm; 5. in analyzing the market potential of SUVs and MUVs in India and whether HMIL should launch new products/brands for these segments; and 6. in deliberating on the guiding philosophy in new product launches around the concept of “Consumer Perceived Value”.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Barriers to employee training in small and medium sized enterprises
Authors: Padachi Kesseven , Lukea Bhiwajee Soolakshna 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Training is an important component of successful business concerns. However, although there is growing acceptance amongst scholars that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are engines that drive economies across nations, through their contribution in terms of job creation and poverty reduction; extant research portray that these organisations often lack the resources required to undertake training. Mauritius, as a small island developing state, is not an exception. Similar to other economies, the Mauritian business landscape is characterised by a larger number of SMEs, representing 97 per cent of the business stock and accounting for nearly 47 per cent of the national workforce. To ensure a smooth transition along the business life cycle and fulfil their objectives, it becomes important to gauge into the training practices of these SMEs. This paper therefore aims to investigate into the barriers which SMEs face in the provision of training to their employees in the Republic of Mauritius.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a survey questionnaire, the study attempted, inter alia, to mainly identify the importance and perception that owner managers of SMEs attach to the concept of training and, consequently, identifies the various barriers faced by the SMEs to impart training.

Findings
Data obtained were analysed using SPSS 20.0 through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The analysis of the findings showed that training practices among SMEs in Mauritius rhymes with extant general literature.

Originality/value
Research pertaining to SMEs is still in a state of infancy in the Republic of Mauritius, without mentioning that it is practically non-existent as far as the training function is concerned. This paper thus attempts to provide both policymakers and researchers’ scientific data regarding the barriers which SMEs face when indulging in training.
Is Mauritius ready to become the HRD leader in Africa?
Authors: Dusoye Indravidoushi C. , Oogarah Kavi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the applicability of Strategic HRD in Mauritius. Additionally, it assesses if Mauritius, with a high HDI factor, can take the lead on Strategic HRD in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a mixed-approach questionnaire. A sample of 21 managers was contacted and received a response rate of 67 per cent.

Findings
Most organisations in Mauritius do not practice human capital development at a strategic level but rather at a tactical one. Strategic HRD is mostly practiced at the implementation level of the business strategy rather than at the formulation stage of the mission, vision and strategy itself. However, the practice of strategic human resource development stays a minority within some very few organisations, as they acknowledge the benefits that Strategic HRD brings along.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the sample considered for this research is a relatively small one to be representative of the Strategic HRD practices in Mauritius as a whole. It identifies implication for improving the current Strategic HRD state in the island.

Practical implications
The paper directly impacts on the Strategic HRD practices of organisations and reveals loopholes to be remedied within the present HRD systems.

Originality/value
This paper not only proposes a first research in terms of Strategic HRD in Mauritius but also assesses the island’s position as being an HRD leader in Africa. Simultaneously, it provides a tailor-made conceptual framework for Strategic HRD in Mauritius.
I choose my business model! A cross-national analysis of business model choice in family firms
Authors: Casprini Elena , D'Antone Simona , Paranque Bernard , Pucci Tommaso , Zanni Lorenzo 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Drawing on family-business and business model (BM) literature the purpose of this paper is to explore whether a relationship exists between the family involvement in the management (i.e. closed or mixed management) and BM choice.

Design/methodology/approach
– A multiple case study analysis of family-owned wineries in Chianti (Italy) and Côtes du Rhône (France) has been conducted.

Findings
– The analysis surprisingly reveals that no relationship exists between the BM ideal type chosen and the type of management composition. Rather, it seems that the choice of hiring non-family managers is dictated by the willingness to reinforce the BM chosen by the owner and that the role played by non-family managers is not revolutionary but reinforces the owner’s BM choice. The authors propose that the stewardship theory can contribute in explaining the findings.

Originality/value
– A twofold contribution is offered by this study: first, it links the strategic management research on BMs to family business (FB) research on corporate governance and specifically on the composition of management teams; second, it provides an empirical example of a cross-national comparative analysis on FBs using multiple case studies.
Voluntary disclosure in Italy
Authors: Scaltrito Davide 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of voluntary disclosure in the companies listed on the Italian Stock Exchange. Voluntary disclosure refers to the discretionary release of financial and non-financial information which companies are not obliged to disclose by a standard-setting accounting body. In particular, this paper analyses the effect that certain determinants (leverage, firm size, sector auditor, performance and ownership concentration) could have on voluntary information disclosed by Italian listed companies. In order to do this, 203 annual reports of Italian listed companies for the year 2012 were analysed.Design/methodology/approach– To assess the extent of voluntary disclosure, an index is created and used as a dependent variable in an OLS model to understand the relationship between the above-mentioned determinants. The disclosure score is composed mainly of 38 items per firm (a total of 7,714 items were collected and analysed) regarding firm performance, general information, forward-looking information, human capital, research and development projects, stock market information, segment reporting information and other information. In order to differentiate the information presented in annual reports, a score was assigned to each item on the index (2 points if an item was reported in qualitative and quantitative terms, 1 point if the item was reported in qualitative terms, 0 points if the item was absent). The score is not weighted because all items are equally important for the research purpose. Repeated information is considered only once.Findings– According to the research findings, human resource information is the voluntary disclosure item reported with the highest frequency, and both firm size and auditors positively affect the total amount of voluntary information disclosed by Italian listed companies. Financial firms provide a lower level of voluntary disclosure than do industrial firms.Originality/value– The paper contributes in improving knowledge about Italian firms’ voluntary disclosure of firm-specific determinants, analysing a wide number of items provided in 2012 annual reports.