bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Photogrammetry for Non-Disturbance Underwater Survey
Authors: Fulton Carrie , Viduka Andrew , Hutchison Andrew , Hollick Joshua , Woods Andrew , Sewell David , Manning Sturt 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStone anchors comprise a significant portion of observable underwater cultural heritage in the Mediterranean and provide evidence for trade networks as early as the Bronze Age. Full documentation of these anchors, however, often requires their removal from their underwater environment, especially to calculate mass. We offer a methodology for using photogrammetry to record stone anchors still in situ and calculate their approximate mass. We compare measurements derived using measuring tapes with those derived using two different software programs for photogrammetric analysis, PhotoModeler Scanner (Eos Systems, Inc.) and PhotoScan Pro (Agisoft). First, we analyze stone anchors that had previously been removed from the underwater environment to establish a reference methodology. Next, we implement this methodology in an underwater survey off the southern coastline of Cyprus. Linear measurements for both programs correlate closely with those attained via measuring tape. The resulting estimates of volume of anchors in situ and on land are slightly greater using the photogrammetric methodology than the reference volumes obtained using a water displacement methodology. Overall, as an analytical tool, this methodology generates detailed surface information in minimal time underwater and preserves data for future analysis without necessitating the removal of the anchor from its underwater environment.
High performance red-emitting multiple layer InGaN/GaN quantum dot lasers
Authors: Frost Thomas , Hazari Arnab , Aiello Anthony , Baten Md Zunaid , Yan Lifan , Mirecki-Millunchick Joanna , Bhattacharya Pallab 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
InGaN/GaN self-organized quantum dots can provide useful advantages over quantum wells for the realization of long-wavelength visible light sources because the dots are formed by strain relaxation. A III–nitride based laser emitting in the red (λ ∼ 630 nm), which has not been demonstrated with quantum wells, would be useful for a host of applications. We have investigated the epitaxy and characteristics of self-organized InGaN/GaN multiple layer quantum dots grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and have optimized their properties by tuning the growth parameters. Red-emitting (λ ∼ 630 nm) quantum dots have radiative lifetime ∼2.5 ns and internal quantum efficiency greater than 50%. Edge-emitting red-lasers with multi-dot layers in the active region exhibit an extremely low threshold current density of 1.6 kA/cm2, a high temperature coefficient T
0 = 240 K, and a large differential gain dg/dn = 9 × 10−17 cm2.
Si growth at graphene surfaces on 6H-SiC(0001) substrates
Authors: Sone Junki , Yamagami Tsuyoshi , Nakatsuji Kan , Hirayama Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We studied the growth of Si at the surface of epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC(0001). Characteristic flower-like islands with a thickness of 2 to 3 nm nucleated during the growth from 290 to 420 K. The islands became featureless in growth at higher temperatures. The growth was predominantly governed by diffusion-limited aggregation. The diffusion energy was evaluated to be 0.21 eV from the temperature-dependent decrease in the density of the islands.
A tiny taxonomic thorn: Brevianthus hypocanthidium and Aponardia huerlimannii are one and the same.
Authors: Renner Matt , Engel John J , Vana Jiri 
Published: February 2016

Brevianthus hypocanthidium and Aponardia huerlimannii are found to be synonymous and the new combination
Brevianthus huerlimannii is made.
The Cretaceous‐Paleogene boundary deposit in the Gulf of Mexico: Large‐scale oceanic basin response to the Chicxulub impact
Authors: Sanford Jason C. , Snedden John W. , Gulick Sean P. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHydrocarbon exploration in the last decade has yielded sufficient data to evaluate the Gulf of Mexico basin response to the Chicxulub asteroid impact. Given its passive marine setting and proximity to the impact structure on the Yucatán Peninsula, the gulf is the premier locale in which to study the near‐field geologic effect of a bolide impact. We mapped a thick (decimeter‐ to hectometer‐scale) deposit of carbonate debris at the Cretaceous‐Paleogene boundary that is ubiquitous in the gulf and readily identifiable on borehole and seismic data. We interpret deposits seen in seismic and borehole data in the deepwater gulf to be predominately muddy debrites with minor turbidites based on cores in the southeastern gulf. Mapping of the deposit in the northern Gulf of Mexico reveals that the impact redistributed roughly 1.05 × 105 km3 of sediment therein and over 1.98 × 105 km3 gulfwide. Deposit distribution suggests that the majority of sediment derived from coastal and shallow‐water environments throughout the gulf via seismic and megatsunamic processes initiated by the impact. The Texas shelf and northern margin of the Florida Platform were significant sources of sediment, while the central and southern Florida Platform underwent more localized platform collapse. The crustal structure of the ancestral gulf influenced postimpact deposition both directly and indirectly through its control on salt distribution in the Louann Salt Basin. Nevertheless, impact‐generated deposition overwhelmed virtually all topography and depositional systems at the start of the Cenozoic, blanketing the gulf with carbonate debris within days.
Impact of model resolution on the simulation of diurnal variations of precipitation over East Asia
Authors: Jin Emilia Kyung , Choi In‐Jin , Kim So‐Young , Han Ji‐Young 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe impact of model resolution on the simulation of diurnal variations of precipitation over East Asia during the summer monsoon period of 2006 is investigated by conducting a suite of ensemble simulations of three different cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS), which are Kain‐Fritsch, Kain‐Fritsch with a modified trigger function, and Simplified Arakawa‐Schubert, and the convection‐permitting (CP) setting with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The horizontal resolutions of 50 km, 27 km, and 9 km are applied for each different representation of convection process. Model simulations as a whole are able to mimic the diurnal and semidiurnal cycles with 24 h and 12 h peaks in the morning and the afternoon. However, the simulated afternoon peaks over land are earlier in the CPS runs, while delayed in the CP runs, compared to those observed. The increase of resolution improves the phase and amplitude of diurnal variations in the CP runs due to the explicit representation of the realistic cloud system. In addition, the contribution of nonconvective precipitation from the microphysical process significantly improves the phase of diurnal variations in the CPS runs, especially the afternoon peak over land. The KFtr scheme outperforms other schemes in reproducing the diurnal variations due to the relatively dominant role of nonconvective precipitation. Phase does not change with increasing resolution in the diurnal variations of convective precipitation. Only the modification of the convection scheme, such as the alternative trigger function in the KFtr scheme distinguished from the KF scheme, can make fundamental changes in phase of diurnal variation.
Arctic terrestrial hydrology: A synthesis of processes, regional effects, and research challenges
Authors: Bring A. , Fedorova I. , Dibike Y. , Hinzman L. , Mård J. , Mernild S. H. , Prowse T. , Semenova O. , Stuefer S. L. , Woo M.‐K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTerrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan‐Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.
The Lamu Basin deepwater fold‐and‐thrust belt: An example of a margin‐scale, gravity‐driven thrust belt along the continental passive margin of East Africa
Authors: Cruciani Francesco , Barchi Massimiliano R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn recent decades, advances in seismic processing and acquisition of new data sets have revealed the presence of many deepwater fold‐and‐thrust belts (DW‐FTBs), often developing along continental passive margins. These kinds of tectonic features have been intensively studied, due to their substantial interest. This work presents a regional‐scale study of the poorly explored Lamu Basin DW‐FTB, a margin‐scale, gravity‐driven system extending for more than 450 km along the continental passive margin of Kenya and southern Somalia (East Africa). A 2‐D seismic data set was analyzed, consisting of both recently acquired high‐quality data and old reprocessed seismic profiles, for the first detailed structural and stratigraphic interpretation of this DW‐FTB. The system originated over an Early to mid‐Cretaceous shale detachment due to a mainly gravity‐spreading mechanism. Analysis of synkinematic strata indicates that the DW‐FTB was active from the Late Cretaceous to the Early Miocene, but almost all of the deformation occurred before the Late Paleocene. The fold‐and‐thrust system displays a marked N‐S variation in width, the northern portion being more than 150 km wide and the southern portion only a few dozen kilometers wide; this along‐strike variation is thought to be related to the complex tectonosedimentary evolution of the continental margin at the Somalia‐Kenya boundary, also reflected in the present‐day bathymetry. Locally, a series of volcanic edifices stopped the basinward propagation of the DW‐FTB. A landward change in the dominant structural style, from asymmetric imbricate thrust sheets to pseudo‐symmetric detachment folds, is generally observed, related to the landward thickening of the detached shales.
Vertically integrated models for coupled two‐phase flow and geomechanics in porous media
Authors: Bjørnarå Tore I. , Nordbotten Jan M. , Park Joonsang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractModels of reduced dimensionality have been found to be particularly attractive in simulating the fate of injected CO2 in supercritical state in the context of carbon capture and storage. This is motivated by the confluence of three aspects: the strong buoyant segregation of the lighter CO2 phase above water, the relatively long time scales associated with storage, and finally the large aspect ratios that characterize the geometry of typical storage aquifers. However, to date, these models have been confined to considering only the flow problem, as the coupling between reduced dimensionality models for flow and models for geomechanical response has previously not been developed. Herein, we develop a fully coupled, reduced dimension, model for multiphase flow and geomechanics. It is characterized by the aquifer(s) being of lower dimension(s), while the surrounding overburden and underburden being of full dimension. The model allows for general constitutive functions for fluid flow (relative permeability and capillary pressure) and uses the standard Biot coupling between the flow and mechanical equations. The coupled model retains all the simplicities of reduced‐dimensional models for flow, including less stiff nonlinear systems of equations (since the upscaled constitutive functions are closer to linear), longer time steps (since the high grid resolution in the vertical direction can be avoided), and less degrees of freedom. We illustrate the applicability of the new coupled model through both a validation study and a practical computational example.
Mandate a Man to Fish?: Technological advance in cooling systems at U.S. thermal electric plants
Authors: Peredo‐Alvarez Victor M. , Bellas Allen S. , Trainor‐Guitton Whitney J. , Lange Ian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSteam‐based electrical generating plants use large quantities of water for cooling. The potential environmental impacts of water cooling systems have resulted in their inclusion in the Clean Water Act's (CWA) Sections 316(a), related to thermal discharges and 316(b), related to cooling water intake. The CWA mandates a technological standard for water cooling systems. This analysis examines how the performance‐adjusted rates of thermal emissions and water withdrawals for cooling units have changed over their vintage and how these rates of change were impacted by imposition of the CWA. Results show that the rate of progress increased for cooling systems installed after the CWA whilethere was no progress previous to it.
Blood pressure and the capacity‐load model in 8‐year‐old children fromNepal: Testing the contributions of kidney size and intergenerational effects
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K. , Devakumar Delan , Grijalva‐Eternod Carlos S. , Manandhar Dharma S. , Costello Anthony , Osrin David 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesGrowth patterns in early life are increasingly linked with subsequent cardio‐metabolic risk, but the underlying mechanisms require elucidation. We have developed a theoretical model of blood pressure, treating it as a function of homeostatic metabolic capacity, and antagonistic metabolic load. We sought to differentiate prenatal and postnatal components of metabolic capacity, and to identify intergenerational contributions to offspring capacity and load.MethodsWe followed up at 8 years a cohort of children originally recruited into a randomized trial of maternal micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy. Maternal anthropometry was measured at recruitment. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth, 2 years and 8 years. Offspring blood pressure, kidney size, and body composition were measured at 8 years. Regression analysis was used to investigate potential associations of maternal phenotype, birth phenotype, and current body composition with kidney size and blood pressure.ResultsBlood pressure was positively associated with body fat, but negatively associated with birth weight and relative leg length. Kidney size was positively associated with birth weight but not with relative leg length. Adjusting for adiposity, blood pressure was independently negatively associated with birth weight, relative leg length, and kidney length. Maternal height and BMI predicted offspring size at birth and at 8 years, but not blood pressure.ConclusionsOur data provide support for the capacity‐load model of blood pressure in Nepalese children. Fetal and postnatal growth and kidney dimensions all contribute to metabolic capacity. Maternal phenotype contributed to offspring capacity and load, but these associations did not propagate to blood pressure. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:555–565, 2016. © 2016 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines: Catalyst‐Controlled Synthesis of Enamine and Allylic Amine Derivatives
Authors: Li Minyan , González‐Esguevillas María , Berritt Simon , Yang Xiaodong , Bellomo Ana , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA unique chemo‐ and regioselective α‐ and γ‐arylation of palladium azapentadienyl intermediates is presented. Two distinct catalysts and sets of conditions successfully controlled the regioselectivity of the arylation. These methods provide the first umpolung C−H functionalization of azapentadienyl palladium intermediates and enable the divergent synthesis of allylic amine and enamine derivatives, which are of significant interest in the pharmaceutical industry.
Compatibilized the thermosetting blend of epoxy and redistributed low molecular weight poly(phenylene oxide) with triallylisocyanurate
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Yang Hongli , Zou Huawei , Liu Pengbo 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTVinyl‐containing low molecular weight PPO (R‐PPO) was prepared by redistribution reaction between commercially available PPO and maleic anhydride (MAH) and used to modify epoxy resin (EP). TAIC was furthermore used as the compatibilizer of EP/R‐PPO system in this study. The curing reaction kinetics, compatibility of the components, morphology, dielectric properties and impact toughness of EP/R‐PPO/TAIC systems were investigated. The experimental results showed that the cured EP/R‐PPO (80/20) system had two phase morphology, the R‐PPO particles of about 1 µm were evenly dispersed in continuous epoxy phase. After addition of TAIC, the EP/R‐PPO/TAIC systems were transferred to single phase. The glass transition temperature of cured EP/R‐PPO/TAIC (80/20/10) system was 150.2 °C. With the increase of TAIC content, the dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) of cured EP/R‐PPO/TAIC systems were both reduced. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor at 1MHz of cured EP/R‐PPO/TAIC (80/20/10) system was 2.72 and 0.006, respectively. Compared with those of cured EP/R‐PPO (80/20) system (Dk = 2.82 and Df = 0.0078 at 1MHz), they decreased by 3.6% and 23.1%, respectively. With the increase of TAIC content, the impact strength of cured EP/R‐PPO (80/20) system increased and reached to a maximum value (2.41 kJ/m2) when TAIC content was 10 phr, which was improved by 23% compared with that of cured EP/R‐PPO (80/20) system (1.96 kJ/m2). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43293.
Effect of the injection moulding processing conditions on the development of pea protein‐based bioplastics
Authors: Perez-Puyana V. , Felix M. , Romero A. , Guerrero A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBioplastic materials from renewable polymers, like proteins, constitute a highly interesting field for important industrial applications such as packaging, agriculture, etc., in which thermo‐mechanical techniques are increasingly being used. Pea protein‐based bioplastics can be made through a mixing process followed by an injection moulding. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different injection parameters (moulding time and injection pressure) on the properties exhibited by the final bioplastics obtained. A dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile strength measurements were performed, along with water absorption capacity and transparency tests. The results indicated that the major differences between bioplastics obtained at different moulding times are in transparency and in the Young's Moduli, exhibiting lower values as moulding time increases. On the other hand, modifying the injection pressure lead to more consistent bioplastics which differed mainly in the elastic component (E′ profiles) and in the strain at break. Furthermore, the water uptake was more than 100% in almost all the different bioplastics processed because of its hydrophilic character, so they could be considered as potential sources for absorbent material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43306.
Preparation of a porous, magnetic, quaternary chitosan salt by preadsorption and desorption for azo dye adsorption from water
Authors: Zhang Conglu , Zhu Lei , Li Wei , Zheng Xin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTA porous magnetic quaternary chitosan salt (pre‐CS/EPTAC/Fe3O4) was successfully prepared via a kind of novel method of preadsorption and desorption. The physicochemical properties of pre‐CS/EPTAC/Fe3O4 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The adsorption of pre‐CS/EPTAC/Fe3O4 for methyl orange (MO) showed much higher dye uptakes compared with Npre‐CS/EPTAC/Fe3O4 without the preadsorption and desorption of MO, and the maximum adsorption capability for MO was 486.1 mg/g. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo‐second order model, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters, such as the standard free energy change, enthalpy change, and entropy change, were also calculated; this indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. The introduction of MO preadsorption and desorption into the process of preparation improved not only the adsorption of MO but also the adsorption of acid red 1 and orange G. Furthermore, pre‐CS/EPTAC/Fe3O4 particles could be easily regenerated and remained almost constant (98.5%) for six cycles of adsorption and desorption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43448
Kommentierung der neuen DIN 4093 “Bemessung von verfestigten Bodenkörpern”
Authors: Vogt Norbert , Borchert Kurt Michael , Beckhaus Karsten , Breitsprecher Georg , Dausch Gebhard , Dietz Klaus , Kayser Jan , Pandrea Paul , Schulze Bertram , Schwarz Helmut , Tausch Norbert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie neue DIN 4093 regelt wichtige Punkte zu Entwurf und Bemessung von verfestigten Bodenkörpern, die durch Düsenstrahl‐, Deep‐Mixing‐ oder Injektions‐Verfahren hergestellt werden. Anders als in der alten Injektionsnorm werden Themen der Ausführung, die europäisch einheitlich behandelt werden, hierin nicht erfasst. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert wichtige Regelungen dieser vollständig neu erstellten Norm sowie einige Besonderheiten, die vor der Anwendung der genannten Verfahren zu beachten sind.Comment on the new DIN 4093 – Design of strengthened soilThe new DIN 4093 contains important rules for the design of strengthened soil installed by jet grouting, soil mixing or grouting. Unlike in the old German grouting standard code, aspects of execution, which are content of European standards, are no longer included. This publication explains essential requirements and recommendations of this completely new standard code as well as some particularities which have to be obeyed prior to the application of the named technologies.