bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of shade, opacity and layer thickness on light transmission through a nano‐hybrid dental composite during curing
Authors: Hyun Hong‐Keun , Christoferson Carly K. , Pfeifer Carmem S. , Felix Chris , Ferracane Jack L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shade and opacity on the change in light transmission through different thicknesses of a nano‐hybrid composite during curing.Materials and MethodsTwelve different shades of Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer) were placed in disk shaped molds with thickness of 1, 2, and 3 mm (n = 3 per group) and cured with an LED light‐curing unit. Initial, final and average irradiance, and the total amount of energy passing through the specimen were measured using the MARC Resin Calibrator at every 10s for a total of 40s. The translucency parameter and the contrast ratio were obtained using a chromameter. Results were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsAll shades and all thicknesses (up to 3 mm) experienced an increase in light transmittance during curing. The majority of the increase occurred during the initial 10s exposure, with significant increase occurring from subsequent exposures only in thicker specimens (i.e., 3 mm). The increase in irradiance at the bottom during curing was dependent on shade, with darker shades and greater depths of material showing less increase.ConclusionsFor one specific resin composite formulation, an increase in translucency occurs as cure progresses, and the increase is enhanced for composites with greater lightness and lower contrast ratio.Clinical significance

Composites demonstrate increased light transmittance as curing progress, which may improve depth of cure.
The thicker composite showed the least increase in light transmission within the same shade.
The increase in translucency is enhanced for composites with great lightness and lower contrast ratio.
Unconventional role of voltage‐gated proton channels (VSOP/Hv1) in regulation of microglial ROS production
Authors: Kawai Takafumi , Okochi Yoshifumi , Ozaki Tomohiko , Imura Yoshio , Koizumi Schuichi , Yamazaki Maya , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Yamashita Toshihide , Okamura Yasushi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt has been established that voltage‐gated proton channels (VSOP/Hv1), encoded by Hvcn1, support reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytic activities of neutrophils (El Chemaly et al. ) and antibody production in B lymphocytes (Capasso et al. ). VSOP/Hv1 is a potential therapeutic target for brain ischemia, since Hvcn1 deficiency reduces microglial ROS production and protects brain from neuronal damage (Wu et al. ). In the present study, we report that VSOP/Hv1 has paradoxical suppressive role in ROS production in microglia. Extracellular ROS production was lower in neutrophils of Hvcn1−/− mice than WT mice as reported. In contrast, it was drastically enhanced in isolated Hvcn1−/− microglia as compared with cells from WT mice. Actin dynamics was altered in Hvcn1−/− microglia and intracellular distribution of cytosolic NADPH oxidase subunit, p67, was changed. When expression levels of oxidative stress responsive antioxidant genes were compared between WT and Hvcn1−/− in cerebral cortex at different ages of animals, they were slightly decreased in Hvcn1−/− mice at younger stage (1 day, 5 days, 3 weeks old), but drastically increased at aged stage (6 months old), suggesting that the regulation of microglial ROS production by VSOP/Hv1 is age‐dependent. We also performed brain ischemic stroke experiments and found that the neuroprotective effect of VSOP/Hv1deficiency on infarct volume depended on the age of animals. Taken together, regulation of ROS production by VSOP/Hv1 is more complex than previously thought and significance of VSOP/Hv1 in microglial ROS production depends on age.
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A by‐product of swine slaughtering as a protein source in broiler diets: effects on performance, composition of excreta, litter quality and on foot pad health
Authors: Kölln M. , Loi‐Brügger A. , Kamphues J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryFoot pad dermatitis (FPD) is of great concern in poultry industry, and dietary strategies are needed to improve foot pad health because of animal welfare and economic reasons. As the main factor for the development of FPD is the DM content of litter (consisting mainly of excreta; Kamphues et al., 2011), there are different dietary approaches to influence this disease pattern. In two consecutive trials, a total of 200 broilers were kept from day 7 until the 35th day of life. They were divided into four groups at each trial and fed with one of four experimental diets, based on wheat and corn mainly, but differing in the protein source: Group 1 was fed a diet with soya bean meal (SBM) as the main protein source, whereas Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were assigned to diets with 4, 8 and 12% of a protein‐rich (66.7% CP in DM) by‐product of swine slaughtering [Swine Protein Meal (SPM); in exchange for SBM]. The inclusion of 12% SPM resulted in a decreased dietary potassium content of about 3 g/kg diet (Group 1 vs. 4). Increasing dietary levels of the by‐product (8 and 12%) led to lowered feed intake (Group 1 vs. 4: ~10%) and weight gain (Group 1 vs. Group 4: ~8.5%). Although highest DM contents of excreta and litter were determined in Group 4, foot pad health was not influenced positively as hypothesized. Remarkable was the observed ‘stickiness’ of excreta when the by‐product was included in the diet at increasing levels, presumably due to the high proportion of bones in the by‐product. In conclusion, substituting SBM by 4% of the by‐product of swine slaughtering in broiler diets did not impair performance parameters, but led to the most favourable foot pad scores in this study.
Influence of different protein sources in the broiler diet on the presence of Campylobacter spp. in excreta and caecal content
Authors: Visscher C. F. , Abd El‐Wahab A. , Ahmed M. F. E. , Hankel J. , Taube V. , Kamphues J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to examine possible effects of a different protein supply on the presence of Campylobacter in excreta and caecal content of broiler chickens. Therefore, 220 one‐day‐old chickens were fed five different diets in the experimental period (day 8 onwards). In the control group (CON; n = 3 boxes), a soya bean‐based industrially produced complete diet containing 5–10% whole wheat and coccidiostats was fed, whereas in the remaining groups, four own‐made complete diets with four protein sources and combinations (4 × 2 boxes; soya bean meal‐based diet = SBM; rapeseed meal‐containing diet = RSM; haemoglobin meal‐containing diet = HGP; algae‐containing diet = ALG) were offered. During the 6‐week trial period, data concerning performance parameters, excreta and litter characteristics and microbiological analysis of excreta and caecal content at dissection were collected. The qualitative bacteriological investigation was based on the EN ISO 10272‐1:2006, taken from the official collection of analysis methods in accordance with § 64 LFBG. For quantitative bacteriological tests, a 10‐fold dilution series was made followed by culture‐based quantification methods on approved selective media in duplicate. Comparing the results of the final dissection (day 44/45), nearly all samples of animals receiving the own‐made complete diet were Campylobacter positive in the caecal content, whereas only seven of fifteen samples were positive in the CON group. With regard to the CFU in the caecal content, the counts of Campylobacter were significantly lower for animals fed the commercial diet (2.47 ± 3.06 vs. 7.36 ± 0.66 log10 CFU/g). When only the positive animals were evaluated, significant differences were also found between the CON group and the total of the other groups (5.30 ± 2.08 vs. 7.54 ± 1.70 log10 CFU/g). Although significant differences were seen in the results, no final recommendation can be given how to create a diet to reduce an infection with Campylobacter.
Parents’ perceptions during the transition to home for their child with a congenital heart defect: How can we support families of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
Authors: March Sarita 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to explore the literature related to transitions in healthcare between the hospital and home that caregivers experience with a child who has a congenital heart defect (CHD), specifically related to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).Design and MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted searching OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed to discover the caregivers’ perceptions on their transitions between hospital care and home care of their child with a CHD. Articles included those with focus on the transitions of caregivers between hospital and home care for children with CHD. Excluded articles were studies focused on adolescents, transition to adult healthcare, mortality results, other diseases associated with CHDs, comparison of CHD treatments, feasibility studies, differences in care between hospitals, home monitoring, and comparison of videoconference and telephone home communication.ResultsTen articles were selected. Many parents voiced their concerns with feeding their child, learning medical skills and knowledge, reported a disrupted relationship between parents and their child, and identified stress and anxiety associated with taking care of a child with a CHD.Practice ImplicationsThere were limited studies on caregivers’ transitions with a child with HLHS, but there also was limited focus on the caregivers’ experiences with transitions between hospital and home care for their child with any CHD. Research on the transition experience between hospital care and home care for caregivers of children born with a CHD, and a specific focus on HLHS from the caregivers’ viewpoint, would provide insight into the perspective of caregivers during the numerous transitions.
High‐power Magnetotherapy: A New Weapon in Urinary Incontinence?
Authors: VADALÀ Maria , PALMIERI Beniamino , MALAGOLI Andrea , LAURINO Carmen 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveUrinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common urinary system diseases that mostly affects women but also men. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) as potential UI treatment with improvements in the pelvic floor musculature, urodynamic tests and quality of life.MethodsA total of 20 UI patients (10 females and 10 men, mean age 64, 14 years), including 10 with stress UI, four with urgency UI and six with mixed UI, were treated with FMS (20 min/session) twice a week for 3 weeks. The patients' impressions, records in urinary diaries, and scores of three life stress questionnaires (overactive bladder symptom questionnaire [OAB‐q], urogenital distress inventory questionnaire‐short form [UDI‐6], incontinence impact questionnaire‐short form [IIQ‐7]) were performed pre‐ and post‐treatment.ResultsSignificant reductions (P < 0.01) of micturition number and nocturia after magnetic treatment were evidenced. The urodynamic tests recorded a significant increase in cystometric capacity (147 ± 51.3%), in maximum urethral closure pressure (110 ± 34%), in urethral functional length (99.8 ± 51.8%), and in pressure transmission ratio (147 ± 51.3%) values compared with the baseline values.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest that FMS with Magneto STYM (twice weekly for 3 weeks) improves the UI and may be an effective treatment for this urogenital disease.
Should women be advised to use calcium supplements during pregnancy? A decision analysis
Authors: Meertens Linda J. E. , Scheepers Hubertina C. J. , Willemse Jessica P. M. M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Smits Luc J. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdequate calcium intake during pregnancy is important in the prevention of pre‐eclampsia. A substantial proportion of pregnant women do not meet the recommended daily calcium intake, even in developed countries. Nonetheless, calcium supplementation is not routinely advised to pregnant women in most countries. We aimed to predict the impact of advising pregnant women to use calcium supplements (1,000 mg/day) on the number of cases of pre‐eclampsia prevented and related health care costs. By use of a decision‐analytic model, we assessed the expected impact of advising calcium supplementation to either (1) all pregnant women, (2) women at high risk of developing pre‐eclampsia, or (3) women with a low dietary calcium intake compared with current care. Calculations were performed for a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 pregnant women living in a high‐income country, although input parameters of the model can be adjusted so as to fit other settings. The incidence of pre‐eclampsia could be reduced by 25%, 8%, or 13% when advising calcium supplementation to all pregnant women, women at high risk of pre‐eclampsia, or women with a low dietary calcium intake, respectively. Expected net financial benefits of the three scenarios were of €4,621,465, €2,059,165, or €2,822,115 per 100,000 pregnant women, respectively. Advising pregnant women to use calcium supplements can be expected to cause substantial reductions in the incidence of pre‐eclampsia as well as related health care costs. It appears most efficient to advise calcium supplementation to all pregnant women, not subgroups only.
Guidelines and quantitative standards to improve consistency in cetacean subspecies and species delimitation relying on molecular genetic data
Authors: Taylor Barbara L. , Archer Frederick I. , Martien Karen K. , Rosel Patricia E. , Hancock‐Hanser Brittany L. , Lang Aimee R. , Leslie Matthew S. , Mesnick Sarah L. , Morin Phillip A. , Pease Victoria L. , Perrin William F. , Robertson Kelly M. , Parsons Kim M. , Viricel Amélia , Vollmer Nicole L. , Cipriano Frank , Reeves Randall R. , Krützen Michael , Baker C. Scott 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTaxonomy is an imprecise science that delimits the evolutionary continuum into discrete categories. For marine mammals, this science is complicated by the relative lack of morphological data for taxa that inhabit remote and often vast ranges. We provide guidelines to promote consistency in studies relying primarily on molecular genetic data to delimit cetacean subspecies from both populations and species. These guidelines identify informational needs: basis for the taxonomic hypothesis being tested, description of current taxonomy, description of relevant life history, sample distribution, sample size, number and sequence length of genetic markers, description of measures taken to ensure data quality, summary statistics for the genetic markers, and analytical methods used to evaluate the genetic data. We propose an initial set of quantitative and qualitative standards based on the types of data and analytical methods most readily available at present. These standards are not expected to be rigidly applied. Rather, they are meant to encourage taxonomic arguments that are consistent and transparent. We hope professional societies, such as the Society for Marine Mammalogy, will adopt quantitative standards that evolve as new data types and analytical methods become widely available.
Astrogliosis and impaired aquaporin‐4 and dystrophin systems in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Eide P. K. , Hansson H.‐A. 
Published: June 2017

AimsIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is one subtype of dementia that may improve following drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This prospective observational study explored whether expression of the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and the anchoring molecule dystrophin 71 (Dp71) are altered at astrocytic perivascular endfeet and in adjacent neuropil of iNPH patient. Observations were related to measurements of pulsatile and static intracranial pressure (ICP).MethodsThe study included iNPH patients undergoing overnight monitoring of the pulsatile/static ICP in whom a biopsy was taken from the frontal cerebral cortex during placement of the ICP sensor. Reference (Ref) biopsies were sampled from 13 patients who underwent brain surgery for epilepsy, tumours or cerebral aneurysms. The brain tissue specimens were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, densitometry and morphometry.ResultsiNPH patients responding to surgery (n = 44) had elevated pulsatile ICP, indicative of impaired intracranial compliance. As compared to the Ref patients, the cortical biopsies of iNPH patients revealed prominent astrogliosis and reduced expression of AQP4 and Dp71 immunoreactivities in the astrocytic perivascular endfeet and in parts of the adjacent neuropil. There was a significant correlation between degree of astrogliosis and reduction of AQP4 and Dp71 at astrocytic perivascular endfeet.ConclusionsIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients responding to CSF diversion present with abnormal pulsatile ICP, indicative of impaired intracranial compliance. A main histopathological finding was astrogliosis and reduction of AQP4 and of Dp71 in astrocytic perivascular endfeet. We propose that the altered AQP4 and Dp71 complex contributes to the subischaemia prevalent in the brain tissue of iNPH.
Heterogeneity of tight junctions in the thick ascending limb
Authors: Bleich Markus , Wulfmeyer Vera C. , Himmerkus Nina , Milatz Susanne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRenal tubular transport mechanisms are optimized to be energy efficient and tailored to local gradients and transport rates. The combined transcellular action of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, together with the paracellular pathway, enables kidney function. Monogenetic diseases and mouse models indicate that both trans‐ and paracellular proteins can become disease‐causing candidates and may be targets for future therapeutic approaches. Recent advances in tight junction research have provided new insights into their structure, function, and regulation. The thick ascending limb (TAL) is a nephron segment with specific requirements for the paracellular pathway. It has to fuel the generation of the corticomedullary concentration gradient, to be watertight, and to provide a highly selective permeability for Na+ and divalent cations. Tight junction composition and function in the TAL is organized along the corticomedullary axis. Even on the level of a seemingly homogeneous tubular epithelium like the TAL, there is a separation of tight junction protein expression in the strands between the respective tricellular nexus of the junctional network. Here, we highlight some new insights from our recent work and that of others in this context. In addition, we provide some perspectives for the further study of paracellular transport mechanisms.
A Geometric Approach to Confidence Regions and Bands for Functional Parameters
Authors: Choi Hyunphil , Reimherr Matthew 
Published: June 2017

SummaryFunctional data analysis is now a well-established discipline of statistics, with its core concepts and perspectives in place. Despite this, there are still fundamental statistical questions which have received relatively little attention. One of these is the systematic construction of confidence regions for functional parameters. This work is concerned with developing, understanding and visualizing such regions. We provide a general strategy for constructing confidence regions in a real separable Hilbert space by using hyperellipsoids and hyper-rectangles. We then propose specific implementations which work especially well in practice. They provide powerful hypothesis tests and useful visualization tools without relying on simulation. We also demonstrate the negative result that nearly all regions, including our own, have zero coverage when working with empirical covariances. To overcome this challenge we propose a new paradigm for evaluating confidence regions by showing that the distance between an estimated region and the desired region (with proper coverage) tends to 0 faster than the regions shrink to a point. We call this phenomena ghosting and refer to the empirical regions as ghost regions. We illustrate the proposed methods in a simulation study and an application to fractional anisotropy tract profile data.
Who delivers where? The effect of obstetric risk on facility delivery in East Africa
Authors: Virgo Sandra , Gon Giorgia , Cavallaro Francesca L. , Graham Wendy , Woodd Susannah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesSkilled attendance at birth is key for the survival of pregnant women. This study investigates whether women at increased risk of maternal and newborn complications in four East African countries are more likely to deliver in a health facility than those at lower risk.MethodsDemographic and Health Survey data for Kenya 2014, Rwanda 2014–15, Tanzania 2015–16 and Uganda 2011 were used to study women with a live birth in the three years preceding the survey. A three‐level obstetric risk index was created using known risk factors. Generalised linear Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between obstetric risk and facility delivery.ResultsWe analysed data from 13 119 women across the four countries of whom 42–45% were considered at medium risk and 12–17% at high risk, and the remainder were at low risk. In Rwanda, 93% of all women delivered in facilities but this was lower (59–66%) in the other three countries. There was no association between a woman's obstetric risk level and her place of delivery in any country; greater wealth and more education were, however, independently strongly associated with facility delivery.ConclusionsIn four East African countries, women at higher obstetric risk were not more likely to deliver in a facility than those with lower risk. This calls for a renewed focus on antenatal risk screening and improved communication on birth planning to ensure women with an increased chance of maternal and newborn complications are supported to deliver in facilities with skilled care.
Estimating the number of female sex workers in Côte d'Ivoire: results and lessons learned
Authors: Vuylsteke Bea , Sika Lazare , Semdé Gisèle , Anoma Camille , Kacou Elise , Laga Marie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the results of three size estimations of the populations of female sex workers (FSW) in five cities in Côte d'Ivoire and on operational lessons learned, which may be relevant for key population programmes in other parts of the world.MethodsWe applied three methods: mapping and census, capture–recapture and service multiplier. All were applied between 2008 and 2009 in Abidjan, San Pedro, Bouaké, Yamoussoukro and Abengourou.ResultsAbidjan was the city with the highest number of FSW by far, with estimations between 7880 (census) and 13 714 (service multiplier). The estimations in San Pedro, Bouaké and Yamoussoukro were very similar, with figures ranging from 1160 (Yamoussoukro, census) to 1916 (San Pedro, capture–recapture). Important operational lessons were learned, including strategies for mapping, the importance of involving peer sex workers for implementing the capture–recapture and the identification of the right question for the multiplier method.ConclusionsSuccessful application of three methods to estimate the population size of FSW in five cities in Côte d'Ivoire enabled us to make recommendations for size estimations of key population in low‐income countries.