bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient CRISPR-Mediated Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Using Multiplexed crRNA Expression
Authors: Zebec Ziga , Zink Isabelle Anna , Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-mediated RNA degradation is catalyzed by a type III system in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Earlier work demonstrated that the system can be engineered to target specifically mRNA of an endogenous host reporter gene, namely the β-galactosidase in S. solfataricus. Here, we investigated the effect of single and multiple spacers targeting the mRNA of a second reporter gene, α-amylase, at the same, and at different, locations respectively, using a minimal CRISPR (miniCR) locus supplied on a viral shuttle vector. The use of increasing numbers of spacers reduced mRNA levels at progressively higher levels, with three crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs) leading to ∼ 70–80% reduction, and five spacers resulting in an α-amylase gene knockdown of &gt; 90% measured on both mRNA and protein activity levels. Our results indicate that this technology can be used to increase or modulate gene knockdown for efficient post-transcriptional gene silencing in hyperthermophilic archaea, and potentially also in other organisms.
The Genetic Architecture of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Evidence for a Gene-by-Environment Interaction
Authors: Lavinsky Joel , Ge Marshall , Crow Amanda L , Pan Calvin , Wang Juemei , Salehi Pezhman , Myint Anthony , Eskin Eleazar , Allayee Hooman , Lusis Aldons J , Friedman Rick A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The discovery of environmentally specific genetic effects is crucial to the understanding of complex traits, such as susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). We describe the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for NIHL in a large and well-characterized population of inbred mouse strains, known as the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP). We recorded auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds both pre and post 2-hr exposure to 10-kHz octave band noise at 108 dB sound pressure level in 5–6-wk-old female mice from the HMDP (4–5 mice/strain). From the observation that NIHL susceptibility varied among the strains, we performed a GWAS with correction for population structure and mapped a locus on chromosome 6 that was statistically significantly associated with two adjacent frequencies. We then used a “genetical genomics” approach that included the analysis of cochlear eQTLs to identify candidate genes within the GWAS QTL. In order to validate the gene-by-environment interaction, we compared the effects of the postnoise exposure locus with that from the same unexposed strains. The most significant SNP at chromosome 6 (rs37517079) was associated with noise susceptibility, but was not significant at the same frequencies in our unexposed study. These findings demonstrate that the genetic architecture of NIHL is distinct from that of unexposed hearing levels and provide strong evidence for gene-by-environment interactions in NIHL.
Ctr9, a Key Component of the Paf1 Complex, Affects Proliferation and Terminal Differentiation in the DevelopingDrosophilaNervous System
Authors: Bahrampour Shahrzad , Thor Stefan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Paf1 protein complex (Paf1C) is increasingly recognized as a highly conserved and broadly utilized regulator of a variety of transcriptional processes. These include the promotion of H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation, H2BK123 ubiquitination, RNA Pol II transcriptional termination, and also RNA-mediated gene silencing. Paf1C contains five canonical protein components, including Paf1 and Ctr9, which are critical for overall complex integrity, as well as Rtf1, Leo1, and Cdc73/Parafibromin(Hrpt2)/Hyrax. In spite of a growing appreciation for the importance of Paf1C from yeast and mammalian studies, there has only been limited work in Drosophila. Here, we provide the first detailed phenotypic study of Ctr9 function in Drosophila. We found that Ctr9 mutants die at late embryogenesis or early larval life, but can be partly rescued by nervous system reexpression of Ctr9. We observed a number of phenotypes in Ctr9 mutants, including increased neuroblast numbers, increased nervous system proliferation, as well as downregulation of many neuropeptide genes. Analysis of cell cycle and regulatory gene expression revealed upregulation of the E2f1 cell cycle factor, as well as changes in Antennapedia and Grainy head expression. We also found reduction of H3K4me3 modification in the embryonic nervous system. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis points to additional downstream genes that may underlie these Ctr9 phenotypes, revealing gene expression changes in Notch pathway target genes, cell cycle genes, and neuropeptide genes. In addition, we find significant effects on the gene expression of metabolic genes. These findings reveal that Ctr9 is an essential gene that is necessary at multiple stages of nervous system development, and provides a starting point for future studies of the Paf1C in Drosophila.
Pediatric forearm fractures with tens: freedom of movements
Authors: Shivanna Shivanna , C. V. Maruthi 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A prospective analysis of a case series of diaphyseal forearm fractures in children treated with titanium elastic nails is presented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Between 2012 and 2014, 30 children aged 5-15 years with displaced diaphyseal forearm fractures underwent titanium elastic nailing. Both bones were fractured in 25 patients, four fractured only the radius, and one experienced ulna fracture. Eleven candidates had unstable irreducible fractures, 13 had loss of reduction, and six had open fractures. Titanium elastic nails were used to stabilize the fractures. All fractures were immobilized postoperatively with an above-elbow plaster slab for 2 weeks till the swelling is completely resolved followed by encouraging range of motion exercises.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Closed reduction and TENS was successful in 20 cases, including 15 double-bone fractures and five single-bone fractures. Open reduction was completed in four fractures of both bones, and in six single-bone open fractures. Bone union was achieved in all patients at an average of 7 weeks. The ROM of the forearms was evaluated using the Daruwalla grading criteria. Excellent results were reported in 96% without significant complications after a mean follow-up of 20 months.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Titanium elastic nails fixation of pediatric forearm fractures revealed several advantages, a small incision for insertion, a low rate of complications, unhindered bone healing, and good clinical and radiological results thus achieving maximum range of motion at the earliest.</p>
Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian dalam Pembiayaan dan Kredit di BRI Unit Mlarak dan BMT Hasanah Ponorogo
Authors: Mujiono Agus 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bank Indonesia, through the Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI) No. 6/10 / PBI / 2004 dated 12 April 2004 on the System of Assessment of the Soundness of Financial Institutions, determined that the maximum tolerated NPL (non-performing loans) and NPF (non performing finance) is 5%. It was found that the average NPL at BRI Mlarak Ponorogo is only 1%, while NPF at BMT Hasanah Mlarak reached an average of 15%. The discrepancy in numbers is due to the inequality in the application of the precautionary principle, especially in the provision of financing. This study compares the application of the principles of prudence in the process of financings and loans in both institutions. It was found that: First, prudential standards in BRI Unit Mlarak are based on the guidelines for the implementation of micro business loans (PPKBM), while BMT Hasanah has not yet implemented the principles of prudence properly, because it has no strict standard operating procedures (SOP) of financing. Secondly, the principles of prudence have enhanced the reputation of BRI Mlarak and, conversely, the weakness of the application of these principles has negative impact on the BMT Hasanah.</p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Bank Indonesia melalui PBI Nomor 6/10/PBI/2004 tanggal 12 April 2004 tentang sistem penilaian tingkat kesehatan lembaga keuangan, menetapkan bahwa rasio kredit bermasalah (<em>Non Performing Loan, NPL</em> maupun <em>Non Performing Finance, NPF</em>) adalah 5%. Dalam praktik pada BRI Unit Mlarak Kabupaten Ponorogo dengan rata-rata NPL hanya 1% sedangkan BMT Hasanah Kecamatan Mlarak rata-rata NPF 15%. Perbedaan angka NPL dan NPF diantarnya disebabkan oleh perbedaan penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian khususnya dalam pemberian pembiayaan/kredit. Penelitian ini mengkaji seputar penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam proses pembiayaan dan kredit di kedua lembaga tersebut. Berdasarkan penelitian, temuan peneliti, <em>Pertama</em>, implementasi prinsip kehati-hatian di BRI Unit Mlarak melalui mekanisme PPKBM atau Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kredit Bisnis Mikro. Sementara pada BMT Hasanah belum melaksanakan prinsip kehati-hatian dengan benar karena belum adanya SOP pembiayaan. <em>Kedua,</em> Implikasi prinsip kehati-hatian di BRI Mlarak memberikan dampak positif secara bisnis dan reputasi. Sedangkan di BMT Hasanah berdampak negatif dengan NPF tinggi, karena kualitas SDM dan dukungan IT yang belum memadai sehingga perlu penerapan <em>good corporate governance</em>.
Urgensi Penerapan Celestial Management Bagi Sumber Daya Manusia Di Bank Syariah
Authors: Trimulato Trimulato 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Default"><strong>Abstract: </strong>Islamic banking currently has a strong legal law with the presence of the law number 21 of 2008 on banking syari'ah.Hal This adversely affects the existence of the banking Shari'ah are increasingly in demand by many. Islamic bank continues to grow and continue to open office services in various areas. Thus iru development of Islamic banks must be matched with adequate resources and qualified. Noted labor in Islamic banks continued to grow, from November 2014 to November 2015 grew to 23.51%. Not only the quantity but the quality should also be considered, it takes a celestial concept should be applied for the Management of human resources in Islamic banks. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative limitations in this paper is focused on the human resources that exist in the Islamic bank. The need for the application of celestial management for human resources in the bank syariahi. The results of this paper that the human resources in Islamic banks is growing, then the need for the application of celestial management for human resources in Islamic banks to create good quality. Because the Islamic bank is an institution whose business is inseparable from the rule of religion or spiritual aspect.</p><p><br /> <strong>Abstrak: </strong>Perbankan syari’ah saat ini telah memiliki payung hukum yang kuat dengan hadirnya undang-undang nomor 21 tahun 2008 tentang perbankan syari’ah.Hal ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap eksistensi dari perbankan syari’ah yang semakin diminati oleh banyak kalangan. Bank syari’ah terus berkembang dan terus membuka layanan kantor di berbagai daerah. Maka dari iru perkembangan bank syariah harus diimbangi dengan sumber daya yang mencukupi dan berkualitas. Tercatat tenaga kerja di bank syariah terus bertambah, dari November 2014 sampai November 2015 mengalami pertumbuhan hingga 23,51%. Tidak hanya dari kuantitas tapi kualitas juga harus diperhatikan, dibutuhkan sebuah konsep celestial manajement yang harus diterapkan bagi sumber daya manusia di bank syariah. Penulisan ini menggunakan jenis deskriptif kualitatif, Batasan dalam tulisan ini difokuskan pada sumber daya manusia yang ada di bank syari’ah. Perlunya penerapan celestial management bagi sumber daya manusia di bank syariahi. Hasil dari tulisan ini bahwa sumber daya manusia di bank syariah mengalami pertumbuhan,kemudian perlunya penerapan celestial management bagi sumber daya manusia di bank syariah untuk menciptakan kualitas yang baik. Karena bank syariah adalah lembaga bisnis yang tidak terlepas dari aturan agama atau aspek spiritual.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Institutional Repository Sebagai Sarana Komunikasi Ilmiah Yang Sustainable Dan Reliable
Authors: Harliansyah Faizuddin 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>; </em></strong><em>Institutional repositories development has drawn the attention of many scholars throughout the world. Using the keywords ‘institutional repositories’, there are over 300 peer-reviewed articles related on the topic has been indexed in Library, Information Science, &amp; Technology Abstracts (LISTA) and SCOPUS. There are also hundreds of theses, dissertations, and websites dedicated on this blooming trends. These are proofs that the importance of IR in higher education has been acknowledged by many professionals in the field. T</em><em>his paper aims at clarifying the role of repositories in strengthening scholarly communication in higher education and research institution and explaining some basic repositories concepts (types of repositories and their characteristics), as well as exploring its relations with open access movement, the development ideas, and resources that could be kept in repositories and deposit policies.</em></p><p><strong>Abstrak;</strong> Pengembangan <em>institutional repositories</em> telah banyak menyita perhatian dari kalangan ilmiah di seluruh dunia. Melalui kata kunci <em>‘institutional repositories’</em>, ada lebih dari 300 artikel terulas mitra bestari yang berhubungan dengan topik ini, yang telah terindeks di <em>Library, Information Science, &amp; Technology Abstracts (LISTA)</em><em>, </em>dan <em>SCOPUS</em>. Terdapat juga ratusan tesis, disertasi, dan <em>website</em> yang mengulas <em>trend</em> ini. Inilah bukti bahwa pentingnya <em>institutional repositories (IR)</em> telah dipahami oleh para profesional di bidangnya. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan aturan-aturan <em>repository</em> dalam memperkuat komunikasi ilmiah di perguruan tinggi dan lembaga riset, menjelaskan konsep-konsep dasar <em>repositories</em>, termasuk tipe-tipe <em>repository</em> dan karakteristiknya. Tulisan ini juga akan memperdalam konsep <em>repositories</em> dalam hubungannya dengan gerakan <em>open access</em>, pengembangan ide-ide, sumber-sumber ilmiah yang dapat disimpan di <em>repositories</em>, serta kebijakan penyimpanan di dalamnya.</p><p> </p>
A Next-Generation Shock-Capturing, Multi-Phase Flow Simulator for Perforating Applications in HPHT Environment
Authors: Bale D. S. , Satti R. P. , Ji M.. , Howard J. J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
As the Oil and Gas industry looks forward to perforating next-generation complex wells (including but not limited to HPHT, deepwater, geothermal, multi-stage long horizontals etc.), computational modeling tools have been increasingly used to predict the transient flow physics that govern the design and optimization of perforating jobs. In particular, it is crucial to accurately predict the unsteady wellbore flow dynamics and relevant shock physics that typically occur during perforation jobs. Such modeling capabilities provide us the ability to prevent downhole equipment failures that may result from shock loading as well as lead to accurate predictions of perforation cleanup process which depends on balance of pressures in the reservoir, wellbore and gun. In addition, as complex completions such as those found in subsea wells and long horizontal wells are becoming more important, so is the need to extend such a predictive capability to higher-pressure and higher-temperature environment that often accompanies such wells.
To address the above, this study is focused on the development and verification of a next-generation transient wellbore flow simulator that is used in conjunction with our existing perforation modeling software. The use of appropriate numerical algorithms allows the simulator to accurately capture unsteady compressible wellbore flows with large gradients of flow quantities. The set of governing equations for compressible flows are closed with improved thermodynamic equations of state, specifically designed to model extreme high pressure (up to 40,000 psi) and temperatures (up to 600 °F).
Computational results from various shock-tube test cases show good agreement among exact solutions, single-phase numerical solutions, and the new three-phase solutions. Compared with our existing perforation modeling software, the next-generation simulator exhibits improved accuracy for HPHT environment, better shock-capturing properties, and improved computational efficiency. This unique computational tool has been integrated into an existing perforation job-design workflow to realize significant improvements in risk mitigation and design parameter optimization. This improved workflow enables a new decision process to better model and design challenging deepwater/HPHT perforating applications.
A Novel Inflow Control Device Design Philosophy of Optimizing Horizontal Well Performance
Authors: Cao Mengjing , Wu Xiaodong , An Yongsheng , Han Guoqing , Wang Ruihe , Liang Bin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Horizontal wells in bottom-water reservoir equipped with inflow control devices (ICDs) are a proven technology of delaying influx of water to help maximize oil production by creating additional pressure drop, adjusting horizontal wellbore pressure distribution, and thus, achieving an even influx profile. Owing to completion risk and investment venture, especially offshore field, it’s essential to design ICDs (number, location, type, size, etc.) effectively in order to improve production and net present value (NPV), otherwise the ICDs even would be overlooked. Conventional ICDs design is aiming to attain equal influx along the horizontal wellbore, which would delay water production, as well as oil potential production, unfortunately. This paper will use reservoir simulation to study four production strategies and analyze the benefits of delaying water and improving oil production. The four strategies considered are (i) no ICD, (ii) stinger water-control completion, (iii) ICD (conventional design), (iv) ICD (design based on the principle of maximizing oil production). The simulation results and analysis will show the disadvantage of conventional ICDs design method. This paper will develop a novel ICD design philosophy on the basis of maximizing oil production before water breakthrough. In this paper, we will evaluate an offshore field case, which suffers from water coning, to compare the novel design philosophy with conventional one. The actual role of conventional ICDs design in delaying water coning will be found in this paper to sacrifice oil production reduction, which has negative impact on horizontal well performance and eventually results in ultimate oil recovery decrease. Instead, ICDs based on the novel ICD design philosophy presented in this paper will be proven to be more effective to improve oil production, while water coning from bottom-water reservoir can be delayed.
Innovative Forging Process Allows Safer and Cost Effective Heavy Duty Landing String for Deepwater Applications
Authors: Bordet Laurent , Franchi Jonathan , Granger Scott , Vierke Andre 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The offshore industry's current trend is driving towards ultra deepwater wells, combined with deeper total depths. In order to be able to set and run larger and heavier casing strings with hook loads approaching or exceeding 2.5 million lbs, an innovative heavy duty landing system has been developed and put on the market.
Such systems must be capable of landing heavy loads while ensuring slip crush resistance. It includes an extended slip with enhanced design (coupled with a new greasing system), a 2.5 million lbs landing carrier and a pipe with a thick walled high strength material section, a light weight tube, and a rotary shouldered connection.
One of the current operational challenges with existing heavy duty landing strings is linked to the positioning of the slips, in particular when using extended slip designs. The limited length of the slips area requires additional time for proper positioning and set up. To address these issues, a new slip proof section design has been developed: the combination of an extended crush proof section and the absence of a heat affected zone in that particular area decreases running time while completely eliminating the risk of setting the slips on a weak point.
The "Spiri-Reinhold pipe crushing" formula has been used to design this system. However, considering the approximation of this model's results, crushing performance has been assessed using the Finite Element Analysis, as well as physical tests performed with a specifically designed pulling unit. These full scale test results have been compared to the ones obtained with both the Finite Element Analysis and the standard "Spiri-Reinhold pipe crushing" formula.
Successful Deployment of Electro-Hydraulic TCP Firing Head Improves Safety and Reduces Rig-Time
Authors: Stolboushkin E.. , Gilliat J.. , Hillis P.. , Zuklic S.. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The electro-hydraulic firing head features a novel combination of electronic control over a hydraulic firing mechanism. An electronics module senses wellbore pressure and, upon seeing a distinct signal, opens a valve that allows downhole pressure to operate a hydraulic firing mechanism. The hydraulic firing mechanism is extremely reliable, does not have sufficient energy to fire until safely downhole, and is immune to electromagnetic interference. The electronic control system prevents inadvertent pressure applications from prematurely activating the firing head. This combination of electronic control and hydraulic firing in a firing head offers unique and distinct benefits in safety, operational flexibility, and risk reduction.
On a recent job, a TCP assembly with dual electro-hydraulic firing heads (stacked vertically for redundancy) was run below a permanent packer and isolation valve. The electro-hydraulic firing head enabled this deployment to be conducted safely, with reduced risk of NPT, and in a single trip. A hydraulic firing head could not be used in this application due to the risk of pressure communication through the isolation valve during packer setting and testing. The TCP assembly was hung off the packer with a ballistically actuated automatic release. The electro-hydraulic firing head has a detonating cord bypass, allowing it to detonate guns below at the same time as actuating the release above. The availability of this firing head allowed this job to be performed more safely, more efficiently, and with reduced risk of NPT than was previously possible.
This paper will present an overview of the design and features of the electro-hydraulic firing head, discuss the recent successes in utilizing its unique abilities to enable more efficient job plans, and discuss other unique applications for this technology.