bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paravascular pathways contribute to vasculitis and neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage independently of glymphatic control
Authors: Luo C , Yao X , Li J , He B , Liu Q , Ren H , Liang F , Li M , Lin H , Peng J , Yuan T F , Pei Z , Su H 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with high mortality. The mechanisms underlying its pathological complications have not been fully identified. Here, we investigate the potential involvement of the glymphatic system in the neuropathology of SAH. We demonstrate that blood components rapidly enter the paravascular space following SAH and penetrate into the perivascular parenchyma throughout the brain, causing disastrous events such as cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, microcirculation dysfunction and widespread perivascular neuroinflammation. Clearance of the paravascular pathway with tissue-type plasminogen activator ameliorates the behavioral deficits and alleviates histological injury of SAH. Interestingly, AQP4−/− mice showed no improvements in neurological deficits and neuroinflammation at day 7 after SAH compared with WT control mice. In conclusion, our study proves that the paravascular pathway dynamically mediates the pathological complications following acute SAH independently of glymphatic control.
Involvement of Rab6a in organelle rearrangement and cytoskeletal organization during mouse oocyte maturation
Authors: Ma Rujun , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Xiaohui , Li Ling , Liu Honglin , Rui Rong , Gu Ling , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRab GTPases have been reported to define the identity and transport routes of vesicles. Rab6 is one of the most extensively studied Rab proteins involved in regulating organelle trafficking and integrity maintenance. However, to date, the function of Rab6 in mammalian oocytes has not been addressed. Here we report severe disorganization of endoplasmic reticulum upon specific knockdown of Rab6a in mouse oocytes. In line with this finding, intracellular Ca2+ stores are accordingly reduced in Rab6a-depleted oocytes. Furthermore, in these oocytes, we observe the absence of cortical granule free domain, which is a kind of special organelle in matured oocytes and its exocytosis is calcium dependent. On the other hand, following Rab6a knockdown, the prominent defects of cytoskeletal structures are detected during oocyte meiosis. In particular, the majority of Rab6a-depleted oocytes fail to form the actin cap and the frequency of spindle defects and chromosome misalignment is significantly elevated. In summary, our data reveal that Rab6a not only participates in modulating the organization of oocyte organelles, but also is a novel regulator of meiotic apparatus in mammalian oocytes.
“Juggling” Behavior in Wild Hainan Gibbons, a New Finding in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Deng Huaiqing , Zhou Jiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany species of primates use tools and manipulate objects. Environmental objects, such as sticks and branches, are used in locomotion, display, conflict, nesting and foraging. This study presents observations regarding endangered male Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus) selecting sticks and then throwing and catching them repeatedly. This act of Hainan gibbons was termed as “juggling” behavior. This study is the first record of branch use of this kind in free-living gibbons. While it is impossible to experiment on this only remaining population of Hainan gibbons, the deliberate acquisition and then throwing and catching of a stick raises myriad questions regarding their function. The study determined that the juggling behavior of Hainan gibbons, in the process of their brachiation, helps them accurately judge the distance and support strength of an object. It was also found that an adult individual’s proficiency in juggling behavior was much higher than that of a youth. Of all gibbon species, the juggling behavior of Hainan gibbon has a high degree of behavior refinement. Gibbons have the longest forearm than any other primates, which helps them in such performances—a unique mechanism that allows them to perform such unique activities, including juggling.
A non-human primate model of radiation-induced cachexia
Authors: Cui Wanchang , Bennett Alexander W. , Zhang Pei , Barrow Kory R. , Kearney Sean R. , Hankey Kim G. , Taylor-Howell Cheryl , Gibbs Allison M. , Smith Cassandra P. , MacVittie Thomas J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCachexia, or muscle wasting, is a serious health threat to victims of radiological accidents or patients receiving radiotherapy. Here, we propose a non-human primate (NHP) radiation-induced cachexia model based on clinical and molecular pathology findings. NHP exposed to potentially lethal partial-body irradiation developed symptoms of cachexia such as body weight loss in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Severe body weight loss as high as 20–25% was observed which was refractory to nutritional intervention. Radiographic imaging indicated that cachectic NHP lost as much as 50% of skeletal muscle. Histological analysis of muscle tissues showed abnormalities such as presence of central nuclei, inflammation, fatty replacement of skeletal muscle and muscle fiber degeneration. Biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin and albumin levels decreased after radiation exposure. Levels of FBXO32 (Atrogin-1), ActRIIB and myostatin were significantly changed in the irradiated cachectic NHP compared to the non-irradiated NHP. Our data suggest NHP that have been exposed to high dose radiation manifest cachexia-like symptoms in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This model provides a unique opportunity to study the mechanism of radiation-induced cachexia and will aid in efficacy studies of mitigators of this disease.
Intrinsic temperature-dependent evolutions in the electron-boson spectral density obtained from optical data
Authors: Hwang Jungseek 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigate temperature smearing effects on the electron-boson spectral density function (I2χ(ω)) obtained from optical data using a maximum entropy inversion method. We start with two simple model input I2χ(ω), calculate the optical scattering rates at selected temperatures using the model input spectral density functions and a generalized Allen’s formula, then extract back I2χ(ω) at each temperature from the calculated optical scattering rate using the maximum entropy method (MEM) which has been used for analysis of optical data of high-temperature superconductors including cuprates, and finally compare the resulting I2χ(ω) with the input ones. From this approach we find that the inversion process can recover the input I2χ(ω) almost perfectly when the quality of fits is good enough and also temperature smearing (or thermal broadening) effects appear in the I2χ(ω) when the quality of fits is not good enough. We found that the coupling constant and the logarithmically averaged frequency are robust to the temperature smearing effects and/or the quality of fits. We use these robust properties of the two quantities as criterions to check whether experimental data have intrinsic temperature-dependent evolutions or not. We carefully apply the MEM to two material systems (one optimally doped and the other underdoped cuprates) and conclude that the I2χ(ω) extracted from the optical data contain intrinsic temperature-dependent evolutions.
Dysregulated 14-3-3 Family in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Qing Ying , Sun Liya , Yang Chao , Jiang Jie , Yang Xuhan , Hu Xiaowen , Cui Donghong , Xu Yifeng , He Lin , Han Dongmei , Wan Chunling 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe 14-3-3 family, which is composed of seven distinct members in humans, plays important roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, synaptic plasticity and neuronal differentiation and migration. Previous genetic and post-mortem gene expression studies have linked this family to schizophrenia. However, the direction of gene expression changes in these studies has been inconsistent, and reports of 14-3-3 gene expression in living schizophrenic patients are still lacking. Here, we assessed 14-3-3 gene and protein expression levels in peripheral blood leukocytes from drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenic patients and matched controls. mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by qRT-PCR and UPLC-MRM/MS, respectively. Expression analysis revealed four downregulated and one upregulated mRNA transcripts as well as five downregulated protein levels of 14-3-3 isoforms in schizophrenia. Moreover, significant positive correlations between 14-3-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were found in schizophrenia, and we also identified negative correlations between ε, θ and ζ isoform expression levels and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Our results suggest that gene and protein expression levels for the 14-3-3 family are dysregulated in schizophrenia, perhaps owing to specific regulatory mechanisms, and we also suggest that expression of the 14-3-3ε, θ and ζ isoform genes could be useful indicators of disease severity.
Large and Anisotropic Linear Magnetoresistance in Single Crystals of Black Phosphorus Arising From Mobility Fluctuations
Authors: Hou Zhipeng , Yang Bingchao , Wang Yue , Ding Bei , Zhang Xiaoming , Yao Yuan , Liu Enke , Xi Xuekui , Wu Guangheng , Zeng Zhongming , Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Wenhong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBlack Phosphorus (BP) is presently attracting immense research interest on the global level due to its high mobility and suitable band gap for potential application in optoelectronics and flexible devices. It was theoretically predicted that BP has a large direction-dependent electrical and magnetotransport anisotropy. Investigations on magnetotransport of BP may therefore provide a new platform for studying the nature of electron transport in layered materials. However, to the best of our knowledge, magnetotransport studies, especially the anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR) effect in layered BP, are rarely reported. Here, we report a large linear MR up to 510% at a magnetic field of 7 Tesla in single crystals of BP. Analysis of the temperature and angle dependence of MR revealed that the large linear MR in our sample originates from mobility fluctuations. Furthermore, we reveal that the large linear MR of layered BP in fact follows a three-dimensional behavior rather than a two-dimensional one. Our results have implications to both the fundamental understanding and magnetoresistive device applications of BP.
Quantum stochastic walks on networks for decision-making
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Ismael , Sánchez-Burillo Eduardo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent experiments report violations of the classical law of total probability and incompatibility of certain mental representations when humans process and react to information. Evidence shows promise of a more general quantum theory providing a better explanation of the dynamics and structure of real decision-making processes than classical probability theory. Inspired by this, we show how the behavioral choice-probabilities can arise as the unique stationary distribution of quantum stochastic walkers on the classical network defined from Luce’s response probabilities. This work is relevant because (i) we provide a very general framework integrating the positive characteristics of both quantum and classical approaches previously in confrontation and (ii) we define a cognitive network which can be used to bring other connectivist approaches to decision-making into the quantum stochastic realm. We model the decision-maker as an open system in contact with her surrounding environment and the time-length of the decision-making process reveals to be also a measure of the process’ degree of interplay between the unitary and irreversible dynamics. Implementing quantum coherence on classical networks may be a door to better integrate human-like reasoning biases in stochastic models for decision-making.
Novel polymer micelle mediated co-delivery of doxorubicin and P-glycoprotein siRNA for reversal of multidrug resistance and synergistic tumor therapy
Authors: Zhang Chun-ge , Zhu Wen-jing , Liu Yang , Yuan Zhi-qiang , Yang Shu-di , Chen Wei-liang , Li Ji-zhao , Zhou Xiao-feng , Liu Chun , Zhang Xue-nong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCo-delivery of chemotherapeutics and siRNA with different mechanisms in a single system is a promising strategy for effective cancer therapy with synergistic effects. In this study, a triblock copolymer micelle was prepared based on the polymer of N-succinyl chitosan–poly-L-lysine–palmitic acid (NSC–PLL–PA) to co-deliver doxorubicin (Dox) and siRNA–P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (Dox–siRNA-micelle). Dox–siRNA-micelle was unstable in pH 5.3 medium than in pH 7.4 medium, which corresponded with the in vitro rapid release of Dox and siRNA in acidic environments. The antitumor efficacy of Dox–siRNA-micelle in vitro significantly increased, especially in HepG2/ADM cells, which was due to the downregulation of P-gp. Moreover, almost all the Dox–siRNA-micelles accumulated in the tumor region beyond 24 h post-injection and the co-delivery system significantly inhibited tumor growth with synergistic effects in vivo. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of Dox–siRNA-micelles in tumor-targeting and MDR reversal and provided a promising strategy to develop a co-delivery system with synergistic effects for combined cancer therapy.
Overweight, resting heart rate and prediabetes/diabetes: A population-based prospective cohort study among Inner Mongolians in China
Authors: Zhang Shao Yan , Wu Jia Hui , Zhou Jing Wen , Liang Zhu , Qiu Qiao Yan , Xu Tian , Zhang Ming Zhi , Zhong Chong Ke , Jiang Wei , Zhang Yong Hong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of overweight and resting heart rate on prediabetes/diabetes incidence in an 10-year follow-up study in Inner Mongolians. Among 1729 participants who were free from prediabetes and diabetes at baseline, 503 and 155 subjects developed prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. We categorized the participants into 4 subgroups according to overweight and resting heart rate status. The multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) in normal weight with heart rate ≥80 bpm, overweight with heart rate <80 bpm and overweight with heart rate ≥80 bpm were 1.24 (0.95–1.61), 1.83 (1.29–2.61), 2.20 (1.41–3.45) for prediabetes and 1.52 (0.97–2.40), 3.64 (2.21–6.01), 4.61 (2.47–8.61) for diabetes, respectively, compared with normal weight with heart rate <80 bpm. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of diabetes incidence for a model containing overweight and resting heart rate, along with conventional factors (AUC = 0.751), was significantly (P = 0.003) larger than the one containing only conventional factors (AUC = 0.707). Our study indicated that overweight was an independent risk factor of prediabetes and diabetes and overweight with faster resting heart rate might further increase the risk of prediabetes and diabetes.
Identification of HNF-4α as a key transcription factor to promote ChREBP expression in response to glucose
Authors: Meng Jian , Feng Ming , Dong Weibing , Zhu Yemin , Li Yakui , Zhang Ping , Wu Lifang , Li Minle , Lu Ying , Chen Hanbei , Liu Xing , Lu Yan , Sun Haipeng , Tong Xuemei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTranscription factor carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) promotes glycolysis and lipogenesis in metabolic tissues and cancer cells. ChREBP-α and ChREBP-β, two isoforms of ChREBP transcribed from different promoters, are both transcriptionally induced by glucose. However, the mechanism by which glucose increases ChREBP mRNA levels remains unclear. Here we report that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α) is a key transcription factor for glucose-induced ChREBP-α and ChREBP-β expression. Ectopic HNF-4α expression increased ChREBP transcription while knockdown of HNF-4α greatly reduced ChREBP mRNA levels in liver cancer cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. HNF-4α not only directly bound to an E-box-containing region in intron 12 of the ChREBP gene, but also promoted ChREBP-β transcription by directly binding to two DR1 sites and one E-box-containing site of the ChREBP-β promoter. Moreover, HNF-4α interacted with ChREBP-α and synergistically promoted ChREBP-β transcription. Functionally, HNF-4α suppression reduced glucose-dependent ChREBP induction. Increased nuclear abundance of HNF-4α and its binding to cis-elements of ChREBP gene in response to glucose contributed to glucose-responsive ChREBP transcription. Taken together, our results not only revealed the novel mechanism by which HNF-4α promoted ChREBP transcription in response to glucose, but also demonstrated that ChREBP-α and HNF-4α synergistically increased ChREBP-β transcription.
Oxygen pressure control during the sputtering deposition of channel for flexible thin‐film transistors with low‐temperature process compatibility
Authors: Park M.J. , Lee W.H. , Kim K.A. , Yun D.J. , Yoon S.M. 
Published: March 2016

Effects of oxygen pressure control during the sputtering deposition were investigated to obtain low‐temperature process compatibility for flexible In–Ga–Zn–O (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Device characteristics of the IGZO TFTs fabricated on the poly(ethylene) naphthalate substrates were optimised at an oxygen partial pressure of 2%. Device performances were successfully obtained even at a curvature radius of 2.6 mm under the bending situation. Robust bias‐stress and bias‐illumination stress stabilities were also confirmed at a process temperature as low as 150°C.
Failure analysis and maintenance of a surge capacitor on the neutral bus in a ±500 kV HVDC converter station
Authors: Yang Ming , Sima Wenxia , Han Xue , Wang Rong , Jiang Chilong , Mao Wenqi , Sun Potao 
Published: March 2016

This study analyses a surge capacitor failure on the neutral bus in a ±500 kV high voltage direct current (HVDC) converter station. Both overvoltage and insulation of the surge capacitor are investigated through simulation, practical record data analysis, and experimentation. A highly accurate HVDC model is established on the basis of the topological structure and parameters of the HVDC project. Using this model, the failure process is simulated by combining neutral bus overvoltage record analysis and voltage divider performance test. Results indicate that the 246 kV uncharacteristically high overvoltage on the neutral bus is a measurement error caused by voltage divider fault. From the field test, difference equation of the voltage divider is derived to reconstruct the actual overvoltage, the amplitude of which is 73 kV. The amplitude is significantly lower than that of the switching impulse withstand level of the surge capacitor, which should not cause capacitor failure. Therefore, the primary cause of capacitor failure is insulation damage rather than overvoltage. Finally, maintenance measures are proposed and applied in the station.
On board a raft or boat in the retrovirus sea
Authors: Svoboda Jan 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceThe main significance of these long-term studies lies in establishing chicken Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome integration into a rodent species cell genome in the absence of infectious virus production. Infectious virus, however, can be rescued by fusion of RSV-transformed rodent cells with permissive chicken fibroblasts, which provide some functions critical for full virus expression. The nature of chicken factors required and the role of viral envelope changes are discussed.
A new moral sentimentalism
Authors: Vogelstein Eric 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper argues for a novel sentimentalist realist metaethical theory, according to which moral wrongness is analyzed in terms of the sentiments one has most reason to have. As opposed to standard sentimentalist views, the theory does not employ sentiments that are had in response to morally wrong action, but rather sentiments that antecedently dispose people to refrain from immoral behavior, specifically the sentiments of compassion and respect.
A transboundary dilemma: dichotomous designations of Atlantic halibut status in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Shackell Nancy L. , Frank Kenneth T. , Nye Janet A. , den Heyer Cornelia E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We investigated conflicting perspectives over a transboundary species (Atlantic Halibut-Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) assumed to be one population spanning the border separating the USA and Canada. In Canada, the fishery is certified as sustainable by the international Marine Stewardship Council (2013). In the USA, that same population is listed as a “Species of Concern” under the US Endangered Species Act (1973). There are fishery-independent trawl surveys conducted by both USA and Canada on juvenile halibut abundance across the border. The data are sorted and both nations use their own jurisdictional boundaries to define the geographical area of their separate stock assessments. Here, we undertake a spatially unified, in-depth comparison of juvenile halibut distribution and abundance, and quantify the amount of suitable habitat for halibut across both sides of the border from 1965 to 2014. Juvenile halibut abundance was, on average, five times greater in Canada than in USA waters. The median per cent of occupied sets in Canada was about four times greater than in the US (2.5%). These differences could not be explained by the availability of “suitable” habitat. The lack of halibut in US waters, in contrast to Canada, suggests a finer-scale stock structure exists and that halibut have not re-established in the USA due to historical serial overfishing. A gradient from high occupancy of halibut in Canada to lower occupancy in the USA is evident, suggestive of connectivity between the two areas and supported by a lag correlation analysis of temporal abundance trends. The USA may now be a sink to Canada's source of halibut. While both countries have been correct in their individual assessments, a bilateral assessment of halibut would benefit both nations, and could include analyses of how fishing patterns in Canada will influence the magnitude and speed of halibut re-colonization in the USA.