bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A natural language processing‐informed adrenal gland incidentaloma clinic improves guideline‐based care
Authors: Frye C. Corbin , Akhund Ramsha , Murcy Mohammad , Veazey Lillie Grace , McLeod M. Chandler , Osborne John D. , Cochran Micah , Negrete Haleigh , Tridandipani Srini , Rothenberg Steven , Gillis Andrea , Fazendin Jessica , Chen Herbert , Lindeman Brenessa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAdrenal gland incidentalomas (AGIs) are found in up to 5% of cross‐sectional images. However, rates of guideline‐based workup for AGIs are notoriously low. We sought to determine if a natural language processing (NLP)‐informed AGI clinic could improve the rates of indicated biochemical evaluation and adrenal‐specific imaging.MethodsAn NLP algorithm was created to detect clinically significant adrenal nodules from radiology reports of cross‐sectional images at an academic institution. The NLP algorithm was applied to scans occurring between June 2020 and July 2021 to form a baseline cohort. The NLP algorithm was re‐applied to scans from August 2021 to February 2023 and identified patients were invited to join an outpatient clinic dedicated to AGIs. Patients evaluated in the clinic from March 2022 to February 2023 were included in the intervention cohort. Statistical analysis utilized chi‐square, t‐test, and a multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe baseline and intervention cohorts included 1784 and 322 unique patients, respectively. Patients in the intervention cohort were more likely to be female (59% vs. 51%, p = 0.01), be younger (60 ± 13.1 vs. 64 ± 13.2 years, p < 0.001), have smaller nodules (1.7 cm, IQR 1.4–2.1 vs. 1.8 cm, IQR 1.4–2.5 cm, p = 0.017), have had biochemical workup (99% vs. 13%, p < 0.001), and have had adrenal‐specific imaging (40% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, intervention cohort patients were significantly more likely to have had biochemical workup (odds ratio ,OR 1209, confidence interval ,CI 434–5117, p < 0.001) and adrenal‐specific imaging (OR 8.89, CI 6.42–12.4, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe implementation of an NLP‐informed AGI clinic was associated with a seven‐fold increase in biochemical workup and a three‐fold increase in adrenal‐specific imaging in participating patients.
Oxygen Redox Activity in Battery Cathodes and the Role of Underbonded Oxygen
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Middlemiss Laurence , Zhi Xuan , Gross Peter , West Anthony R 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is widely recognised that oxygen redox makes a significant contribution to the high capacity of some cathode materials in addition to the more usual transition metal redox. We attribute this to the presence of underbonded oxide ions, either in bulk structures or at surfaces, which act as the initial source of oxygen redox during charging. Underbonded oxide ions experience departures from local electroneutrality; examples include Li4Mn5O12 spinel and Li‐rich layered rock salt structures but not stoichiometric LiCoO2 or Li2MnO3. Underbonded oxide ions ionise more readily than fully‐stabilised lattice oxide ions since, using an ionic bonding description, they are associated with a deficiency of positive charge in the coordination sphere of surrounding cations. Pauling's electrostatic bond strength criterion gives a simple guide to structures or compositions that may show departures from local electroneutrality and provides the starting point for a new way to consider oxygen redox. Li4Mn5O12 behaves as an anode due to Mn redox below 3 V but also behaves as a cathode due to reversible oxygen redox above ~3.8 V. In the high symmetry cubic structure of Li4Mn5O12, depending on the local distribution of cations over the occupied tetrahedral and octahedral sites, some oxygens are inevitably underbonded whereas others must be overbonded, although none show local electroneutrality expected from the average crystal structure. Underbonded oxygens are also identified in other structures, including high capacity Li‐rich layered rock salt structures.
Simultaneously Building and Reconciling a Synteny Tree
Authors: Gascon Mathieu , Delabre Mattéo , El-Mabrouk Nadia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present FullSynesth, a tree reconciliation algorithm predicting the evolution of a set of homologous genomic regions or syntenies, inside a species tree. The considered evolutionary model involves segmental events (i.e. acting on multiple genes) including duplications (D), losses (L), synteny fissions and transfers possibly going through unsampled or extinct species. Formally, given a set of syntenies in a set of genomes and a set $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
of consistent gene trees for the gene families composing the syntenies, the problem is to infer a most parsimonious evolutionary history explaining the observed gene trees and syntenies given a species tree. The problem is NP-hard for the DL distance. FullSynesth is based on Synesth explicating the evolution of a set of syntenies given a single synteny tree, which can be obtained from $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
by selecting an “optimal” supertree. Rather than trying each supertree in turn, FullSynesth is based on a two-in-one approach simultaneously building and reconciling a synteny supertree. The running time of this algorithm is exponential in the number of gene trees rather than in the size of gene trees. We show on simulated datasets that FullSynesth significantly improves the running time of Synesth applied to each possible supertree. An implementation of the algorithm is available at: http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~mabrouk/.
Corners and islands in the S-matrix bootstrap of the open superstring
Authors: Berman Justin , Elvang Henriette 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We bootstrap the Veneziano superstring amplitude in 10 dimensions from the bottom-up. Starting with the most general maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills EFT, we input information about the lowest-lying massive states, which we assume contribute via tree-level exchanges to the 4-point amplitude. We show the following: (1) if there is only a single state at the lowest mass, it must be a scalar. (2) Assuming a string-inspired gap between the mass of this scalar and any other massive states, the allowed region of Wilson coefficients has a new sharp corner where the Veneziano amplitude is located. (3) Upon fixing the next massive state to be a vector, the EFT bounds have a one-parameter family of corners; these would correspond to models with linear Regge trajectories of varying slopes, one of which is the open superstring. (4) When the ratio between the massive scalar coupling and the trF4 coefficient is fixed to its string value, the spin and mass of the second massive state is determined by the bootstrap and the Veneziano amplitude is isolated on a small island in parameter space. Finally, we compare with other recent bootstraps approaches, both the pion model and imposing Regge-inspired maximal spin constraints.
Heavy flavor production under a strong magnetic field
Authors: Chen Shile , Zhao Jiaxing , Zhuang Pengfei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The magnetic field created in high energy nuclear collisions will affect the QCD dynamical processes, such as the heavy quark production which happens in the initial stage of the collisions. We calculate in a strong magnetic field the heavy quark production cross section of the process $$ gg\to Q\overline{Q} $$
gg
→
Q

Q
¯

at leading order and the corresponding transverse momentum distribution in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In comparison to the QED process, the heavy quark production is dominated by the unique QCD channel with gluon self-interaction. Due to the dimension reduction of quark phase space in a strong magnetic field, the production is concentrated in a very narrow energy region above the threshold. Since the rotational invariance is broken in a magnetic field, the production becomes anisotropic.
Holocene vegetation change at Grosssee, eastern Swiss Alps: effects of climate and human impact
Authors: Dwileski Allison R. , Rey Fabian , Morlock Marina A. , Glaus Nicole , Szidat Sönke , Vogel Hendrik , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Heiri Oliver 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPollen, spores, and microscopic charcoal from the sediments of Grosssee (1,619 m a.s.l.), a small lake in the lower subalpine vegetation zone of the Glarus Alps, Switzerland, were analysed to reconstruct vegetation patterns and land use over the past ca. 12,300 calibrated 14C years bp (cal bp). Pollen data revealed an open landscape covered with grasses and herbs such as Artemisia during the Late Glacial Period. The catchment was likely initially afforested with Betula and Pinus cembra or Pinus sylvestris during the Early Holocene. Thermophilous taxa such as Ulmus, Tilia, and Alnus glutinosa-type expanded from ca. 11,000–9,200 cal bp, and mesophyllic Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica followed, and expanded beginning from ca. 8,000–7,600 cal bp. Interestingly, Alnus viridis (synonym: A. alnobetula) expanded about 2,000 years earlier than at comparable sites in the northern Swiss Alps. Its expansion was profound and persistent, and percentages > 15% were already achieved by ca. 7,000 cal bp. Local erosion events that followed are well explained by vegetation changes and inferred human land use activities at Grosssee. In particular, this led to a more open landscape, and land uses (e.g. grazing) intensified from the Mid- to Late Holocene. Indicators of environmental disturbance including persistently high levels of A. viridis, monolete fern spores, and microscopic charcoal were pronounced after ca. 4,000 cal bp. At that time, high influxes of spores from coprophilous fungi and the consistent presence of cultural indicators (Cerealia-type, Plantago lanceolata) indicate increased grazing and high levels of human impact. Land use and grazing activities seemed to have been particularly pronounced and to have promoted diversity in the vegetation over the past 1,000 years.
Seasonal forecasting of the European North-West shelf seas: limits of winter and summer sea surface temperature predictability
Authors: Atkins Jamie R. C. , Tinker Jonathan , Graham Jennifer A. , Scaife Adam A. , Halloran Paul R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe European North-West shelf seas (NWS) support economic interests and provide environmental services to adjacent countries. Expansion of offshore activities, such as renewable energy infrastructure, aquaculture, and growth of international shipping, will place increasingly complex demands on the marine environment over the coming decades. Skilful forecasting of NWS properties on seasonal timescales will help to effectively manage these activities. Here we quantify the skill of an operational large-ensemble ocean-atmosphere coupled global forecasting system (GloSea), as well as benchmark persistence forecasts, for predictions of NWS sea surface temperature (SST) at 2–4 months lead time in winter and summer. We identify sources of and limits to SST predictability, considering what additional skill may be available in the future. We find that GloSea NWS SST skill is generally high in winter and low in summer. GloSea outperforms simple persistence forecasts by adding information about atmospheric variability, but only to a modest extent as persistence of anomalies in the initial conditions contributes substantially to predictability. Where persistence is low – for example in seasonally stratified regions – GloSea forecasts show lower skill. GloSea skill can be degraded by model deficiencies in the relatively coarse global ocean component, which lacks dynamic tides and subsequently fails to robustly represent local circulation and mixing. However, “atmospheric mode matched” tests show potential for improving prediction skill of currently low performing regions if atmospheric circulation forecasts can be improved. This underlines the importance of coupled atmosphere-ocean model development for NWS seasonal forecasting applications.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional intake among participants in a non-professional cycling event
Authors: Martínez Pau , Martínez Sonia , Mingorance José A. , Riera-Sampol Aina , Aguiló Antoni , Tauler Pedro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in different settings among cyclists participating in a non-professional cycling event. The nutritional intake during the event and the association between GI symptoms and both nutritional and non-nutritional factors were also analyzed.

Methods
A descriptive correlational study was performed among participants in the 2023 ‘Mallorca 312-Milestone Series’ cycling event. A pre-race questionnaire was completed by 247 participants (37 women) while a post-race questionnaire was completed by 138 participants (24 women).

Results
The prevalence of GI symptoms in training sessions and in previous cycling events were 22–26%. GI complaints during the race were reported by 38.4% of participants. GI symptoms during training (p = 0.003), in previous cycling events (p = 0.012) and in the Mallorca 312 event (during: p = 0.010; after p = 0.014) were associated with rest GI symptoms. Furthermore, GI symptoms during the Mallorca 312 event were associated with an immediately previous more nervous feeling (p = 0.016). Participants with shorter previous experience in similar events reported a more nervous feeling (p = 0.023). On average, participants in the Mallorca 312 achieved the recommended carbohydrate intake (59.2 g/h; recommended 30–60 g/h) and the fluid intake (500 ml; recommended 400–800 ml/h) rates. No association was found between GI symptoms and nutritional parameters or food intake.

Conclusion
GI symptoms at rest could be considered the main factor associated with GI symptoms in cyclists. GI symptoms during the event were also associated with a more nervous feeling, which could be explained, at least in part, by shorter previous experience.
A review of radioactive waste processing and disposal from a life cycle environmental perspective
Authors: Clayton Rachael , Kirk Joel , Banford Anthony , Stamford Laurence 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The role of nuclear power in a more sustainable, ‘net zero’ energy sector is an important focal point of research. Given the large volume of existing legacy wastes and the future waste arisings that nuclear expansion would entail, attention is needed in the ‘back-end’ of the nuclear fuel cycle: processing (including treatment and conditioning) and disposal of radioactive waste. The range of waste processing techniques already in operation is broad and complex, and many novel technologies are under development. However, whilst prior work only focused on technology development and direct emissions, particularly in post-processing and disposal, a life cycle perspective is underutilised. This review analyses the landscape of life cycle assessment (LCA) within the nuclear sector, focusing on radioactive waste management, decommissioning and disposal. A literature search yielded 225 journal articles plus additional grey literature, yet only eight relevant LCAs were identified. Most studies identified adopted power generation as a functional unit and focused on nuclear power plants currently in operation. The major research gap identified in this review is the lack of holistic life cycle thinking surrounding radioactive waste management caused by poor granularity of published data related to waste treatment, conditioning and disposal, making strategic analysis challenging from the perspective of sustainability. Future LCA work should focus on technologies and processes in the back-end nuclear fuel cycle with considerable granularity to allow system ‘hotspots’ to be identified and strategic research and policy decisions to be taken. Efforts should also be made to incorporate recent developments in radiological impact assessment methodologies such as UCrad.

Graphical abstract
Effectiveness of preoperative micronized purified flavonoid fraction treatment and sucralfate-based rectal ointment on hemorrhoidal disease: A case-matched analysis
Authors: Gallo G. , Lori E. , Goglia M. , Dezi A. , Picciariello A. , Grossi U. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative treatment with the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) and a sucralfate-based rectal ointment in managing HD symptoms and reducing interventions.

Methods
A prospective quasi-experimental study including consecutive cases and controls matched on the basis of sex was performed in a tertiary referral center. Cases received systemic and local therapy for HD, consisting of a rectal ointment containing 3% sucralfate and herbal extracts plus MPFF, in addition to conservative therapy, while controls received conservative therapy alone. The hemorrhoidal disease symptom score (HDSS), the Short Health Scale for HD (SHS-HD) score, and the Vaizey Incontinence Score were used to evaluate symptoms severity and their impact on quality of life and continence. Intervention requirements were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 60 days of treatment (T1).

Results
Between January and December 2023, a total of 98 patients were assessed for eligibility. After exclusions, 56 patients were enrolled, with 28 in each group. Significant improvements were observed in HD symptom scores from T0 to T1: the intervention group showed a mean change in HDSS of −9 [95% confidence interval (CI) −10 to −8], and the control group showed no significant change (mean change of 0; 95% CI −1.5 to 0). At T1, a higher proportion of patients in the intervention group underwent less invasive interventions compared with controls (18% versus 11%). Age, treatment group, and baseline symptom severity significantly predicted post-treatment symptom scores.

Conclusions
In our study the preoperative treatment with MPFF and a sucralfate-based rectal ointment demonstrated clinical benefits in managing HD symptoms and reducing interventions. Further prospective trials are warranted to confirm and explore additional therapeutic strategies.
Comparison of Hemodynamic Performance, Three-Dimensional Flow Fields, and Turbulence Levels for Three Different Heart Valves at Three Different Hemodynamic Conditions
Authors: Ferrari Lorenzo , Obrist Dominik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe hemodynamic performance of different prosthetic heart valves is difficult to compare among studies due to a variety of test conditions and experimental techniques. Existing studies are typically limited to one family of valves (biological or mechanical) and testing conditions of 5l/min and often lack sufficient spatial resolution. To address these limitations, a pulse duplicator with a multi-view imaging system (Tomo-PIV) was employed to investigate the three-dimensional flow field in the aortic root of three different valves: a tri-leaflet mechanical heart valve (TRIFLO, Novostia), a bi-leaflet mechanical heart valve (On-X, Artivion), and a biological heart valve (Perimount, Edwards Lifesciences). The valves were tested at low (3 l/min), normal (5 l/min), and elevated (7 l/min) cardiac output $$(CO)$$

(
C
O
)

under hypotensive (40/60mmHg), normotensive (80/120mmHg), and moderate hypertensive (105/170mmHg) pressure conditions, respectively. Compared to the Perimount, peak mean velocity was − 33%, − 24%, − 18% for the TRIFLO and − 32%, − 20%, − 11% for the On-X at low, moderate, and elevated $$CO$$

CO

, respectively. Corresponding peak $$TKE$$

TKE

values decreased by − 66%, − 57%, − 44% (TRIFLO) and − 60%, − 50%, − 36% (On-X). At low $$CO$$

CO

, $$EOA$$

EOA

was lower for Perimount (1.07cm2) than for TRIFLO (1.47cm2) and On-X (1.52cm2), while it increased for elevated $$CO$$

CO

to 2.75cm2 (TRIFLO) and 2.16cm2 (Perimount and On-X). For all valves, increasing $$CO$$

CO

led to increased flow velocities, higher $$EOA,$$

E
O
A
,

and higher levels of turbulence, and the spatial influence of the valve on the flow field in the ascending aorta was extended. $$TKE$$

TKE

peaked closer to the STJ than for TRIFLO and Perimount.
A systematic review of aspect-based sentiment analysis: domains, methods, and trends
Authors: Hua Yan Cathy , Denny Paul , Wicker Jörg , Taskova Katerina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained type of sentiment analysis that identifies aspects and their associated opinions from a given text. With the surge of digital opinionated text data, ABSA gained increasing popularity for its ability to mine more detailed and targeted insights. Many review papers on ABSA subtasks and solution methodologies exist, however, few focus on trends over time or systemic issues relating to research application domains, datasets, and solution approaches. To fill the gap, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of ABSA studies with a focus on trends and high-level relationships among these fundamental components. This review is one of the largest SLRs on ABSA. To our knowledge, it is also the first to systematically examine the interrelations among ABSA research and data distribution across domains, as well as trends in solution paradigms and approaches. Our sample includes 727 primary studies screened from 8550 search results without time constraints via an innovative automatic filtering process. Our quantitative analysis not only identifies trends in nearly two decades of ABSA research development but also unveils a systemic lack of dataset and domain diversity as well as domain mismatch that may hinder the development of future ABSA research. We discuss these findings and their implications and propose suggestions for future research.
Framing openness: Exploring Similarities and Differences in Patients’ and Their Social Networks’ Experiences with Participating in Dialogical Network Meetings Through the Lens of Mattering
Authors: Omvik Siri , Andersland Ragnhild , Kalsås Øyvind Reehorst 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this qualitative study conducted at a public mental health outpatient clinic in Norway, the integration of patients’ social network in treatment was examined. The aim was to explore the experiences of patients and their network during dialogical network meetings and discuss any similarities and differences between the two participant groups. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed on data obtained from fifty-three meetings, resulting in the development of five themes. For patients, there were two themes: “Enhanced trust within our relationships” and “Providing us a safe space to talk openly,” and for network members there were three: “Empowered through participation,” Being welcomed and taken seriously,” and “Provide more clarity to enhance our ability to contribute.” Mattering was employed as a conceptual framework to discuss the similarities and differences between the themes of the two participant groups. Both patients and network members placed strong emphasis on the freedom of expression and acknowledged the crucial role of the meeting leaders in facilitating discussions on important and challenging topics. Differences included network members’ emphasis on feeling welcome and their need to add value, while patients emphasized strengthened relationships and feeling valued and empowered by being trusted to control the discussion content. Overall, mattering appears to be a valuable tool for understanding the relational dynamics within network meetings.\.