bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain In Vivo
Authors: Luque-Seron Juan Antonio , Medina-Porqueres Ivan 
Published: July 2016

Context: Distinct exercises have been proposed for knee rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. There is a need to understand ACL strain behavior during different rehabilitation exercises to protect the graft from excessive strain that could interfere with its healing process. Objective: To critically review studies that directly measured normal ACL strain in vivo during different movements, conditions, or exercises to gain insight into which of them may produce more strain on the ligament or the ligament graft in the case of reconstructed knees. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro databases was conducted. Keywords included a nterior cruciate ligament, strain, stress, deformation, transducer, rehabilitation, rehabilitation exercise, physical therapy, and physiotherapy. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were (1) peer-reviewed studies published in English or Spanish, (2) research conducted on adult human subjects with normal ACLs and healthy knees, and (3) ACL strain directly measured during different movements, conditions, or exercises by using a transducer. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Specific data were abstracted from the selected studies, including isometric quadriceps and hamstrings activity, active and passive flexion-extension of the knee, closed kinetic chain exercises, and application of joint compressive load. Results: A total of 10 studies met all criteria and were included in the final analysis. The strain values produced by closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises were similar. However, closed kinetic chain exercises appear to attenuate the strain increase that occurs in open kinetic chain exercises when increasing resistance. Conclusion: These data may be relevant to develop rehabilitation exercises or programs that do not endanger the healing ACL graft and to provide a basis for future clinical trials.
PD-L1 expression on neoplastic or stromal cells is respectively a poor or good prognostic factor for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroaki , Kiyasu Junichi , Kato Takeharu , Yoshida Noriaki , Shimono Joji , Yokoyama Shintaro , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Sasaki Yuya , Kurita Daisuke , Kawamoto Keisuke , Kato Koji , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Seto Masao , Ohshima Koichi 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
PD-L1 expression in neoplastic cells or stromal cells is associated with poor or good prognosis in ATLL, respectively. Distinction of expression pattern of PD-L1 might be important on the point of prognostic and therapeutic markers in ATLL.
Osteoclasts promote immune suppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma: therapeutic implication
Authors: An Gang , Acharya Chirag , Feng Xiaoyan , Wen Kenneth , Zhong Mike , Zhang Li , Munshi Nikhil C. , Qiu Lugui , Tai Yu-Tzu , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
OCs play a crucial role in myeloma-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therapeutic anti-CD38 mAb partially overcomes the immunosuppressive effect of OCs.
CHAI and LATAIE: new genetic diseases of CTLA-4 checkpoint insufficiency
Authors: Lo Bernice , Fritz Jill M. , Su Helen C. , Uzel Gulbu , Jordan Michael B. , Lenardo Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCTLA-4 is a critical inhibitory “checkpoint” molecule of immune activation. Several recent reports have described patients with immune dysregulation and lymphoproliferative disease resulting from 2 different genetic diseases that directly or indirectly cause CTLA-4 deficiency. Numerous articles have also been published describing CTLA-4 blockade in cancer immunotherapy and its side effects, which are ultimately the consequence of treatment-induced CTLA-4 deficiency. Here, we review these 2 diseases and CTLA-4 blockade therapy, emphasizing the crucial role of CTLA-4 in immune checkpoint regulation.
Interleukin-1α drives the dysfunctional cross-talk of the airway epithelium and lung fibroblasts in COPD
Authors: Osei Emmanuel T. , Noordhoek Jacobien A. , Hackett Tillie L. , Spanjer Anita I.R. , Postma Dirkje S. , Timens Wim , Brandsma Corry-Anke , Heijink Irene H. 
Published: July 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with aberrant epithelial–mesenchymal interactions resulting in inflammatory and remodelling processes. We developed a co-culture model using COPD and control-derived airway epithelial cells (AECs) and lung fibroblasts to understand the mediators that are involved in remodelling and inflammation in COPD.AECs and fibroblasts obtained from COPD and control lung tissue were grown in co-culture with fetal lung fibroblast or human bronchial epithelial cell lines. mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory mediators, pro-fibrotic molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were assessed.Co-culture resulted in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8/CXCL8 and heat shock protein (Hsp70) from lung fibroblasts, and decreased expression of ECM molecules (e.g.collagen, decorin) that was not different between control and COPD-derived primary cells. This pro-inflammatory effect was mediated by epithelial-derived IL-1α and increased upon epithelial exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). When exposed to CSE, COPD-derived AECs elicited a stronger IL-1α response compared with control-derived airway epithelium and this corresponded with a significantly enhanced IL-8 release from lung fibroblasts.We demonstrate that, through IL-1α production, AECs induce a pro-inflammatory lung fibroblast phenotype that is further enhanced with CSE exposure in COPD, suggesting an aberrant epithelial–fibroblast interaction in COPD.
Frontline Science: Tryptophan restriction arrests B cell development and enhances microbial diversity in WT and prematurely aging Ercc1−/Δ7 mice
Authors: van Beek Adriaan A , Hugenholtz Floor , Meijer Ben , Sovran Bruno , Perdijk Olaf , Vermeij Wilbert P , Brandt Renata M C , Barnhoorn Sander , Hoeijmakers Jan H J , de Vos Paul , Leenen Pieter J M , Hendriks Rudi W , Savelkoul Huub F J 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
With aging, tryptophan metabolism is affected. Tryptophan has a crucial role in the induction of immune tolerance and the maintenance of gut microbiota. We, therefore, studied the effect of dietary tryptophan restriction in young wild-type (WT) mice (118-wk life span) and in DNA-repair deficient, premature-aged (Ercc1−/Δ7) mice (20-wk life span). First, we found that the effect of aging on the distribution of B and T cells in bone marrow (BM) and in the periphery of 16-wk-old Ercc1−/Δ7 mice was comparable to that in 18-mo-old WT mice. Dietary tryptophan restriction caused an arrest of B cell development in the BM, accompanied by diminished B cell frequencies in the periphery. In general, old Ercc1−/Δ7 mice showed similar responses to tryptophan restriction compared with young WT mice, indicative of age-independent effects. Dietary tryptophan restriction increased microbial diversity and made the gut microbiota composition of old Ercc1−/Δ7 mice more similar to that of young WT mice. The decreased abundances of Alistipes and Akkermansia spp. after dietary tryptophan restriction correlated significantly with decreased B cell precursor numbers. In conclusion, we report that dietary tryptophan restriction arrests B cell development and concomitantly changes gut microbiota composition. Our study suggests a beneficial interplay between dietary tryptophan, B cell development, and gut microbial composition on several aspects of age-induced changes.
Frontline Science: Sphingosine rescues burn-injured mice from pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Authors: Rice Teresa C , Seitz Aaron P , Edwards Michael J , Gulbins Erich , Caldwell Charles C 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Burn patients with concomitant pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection have mortality rates as high as 50%, despite antibiotic therapy. Sphingosine is generated from ceramide via ceramidase and has been reported to have antimicrobial properties. We observed a reduction in sphingosine and a concurrent increase in ceramide in bronchial epithelial cells after burn injury. After PA inoculation, these mice had a significant decrease in survival compared to noninjured mice. However, when injured mice were pretreated with sphingosine or neutral ceramidase and subsequently infected, mortality and bacterial levels were robustly reduced. We further observed that sphingosine directly kills PA. Together, these results demonstrate that reduction in sphingosine is associated with an increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection after burn injury. Restoration of sphingosine levels through direct sphingosine administration or conversion of the increased ceramide to sphingosine by neutral ceramidase reduces mortality and mitigates pulmonary infection after burn injury.
Development and interval testing of a naturalistic driving methodology to evaluate driving behavior in clinical research
Authors: Babulal Ganesh M. , Addison Aaron , Ghoshal Nupur , Stout Sarah H. , Vernon Elizabeth K. , Sellan Mark , Roe Catherine M. 
Published: July 2016

Background: The number of older adults in the United States will double by 2056. Additionally, the number of licensed drivers will increase along with extended driving-life expectancy. Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury and death in older adults. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) also negatively impacts driving ability and increases crash risk. Conventional methods to evaluate driving ability are limited in predicting decline among older adults. Innovations in GPS hardware and software can monitor driving behavior in the actual environments people drive in. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices are affordable, easy to install and capture large volumes of data in real-time. However, adapting these methodologies for research can be challenging. This study sought to adapt a COTS device and determine an interval that produced accurate data on the actual route driven for use in future studies involving older adults with and without AD. Methods: Three subjects drove a single course in different vehicles at different intervals (30, 60 and 120 seconds), at different times of day, morning (9:00-11:59AM), afternoon (2:00-5:00PM) and night (7:00-10pm). The nine datasets were examined to determine the optimal collection interval. Results: Compared to the 120-second and 60-second intervals, the 30-second interval was optimal in capturing the actual route driven along with the lowest number of incorrect paths and affordability weighing considerations for data storage and curation. Discussion: Use of COTS devices offers minimal installation efforts, unobtrusive monitoring and discreet data extraction. However, these devices require strict protocols and controlled testing for adoption into research paradigms. After reliability and validity testing, these devices may provide valuable insight into daily driving behaviors and intraindividual change over time for populations of older adults with and without AD. Data can be aggregated over time to look at changes or adverse events and ascertain if decline in performance is occurring.
Early Coronary Thrombosis without ST-Segment Elevation Following Repair of Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Carino Davide , Nicolini Francesco , Romano Giorgio , Ricci Matteo , Gherli Tiziano 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAcute coronary thrombosis after emergent surgery for acute Type A aortic dissection is a rare event that can remain undiagnosed in absence of typical electrocardiogram readings. We report a case of left anterior descending artery thrombosis without ST-segment elevation three days after surgical repair, which was successfully treated with angioplasty and stenting.
Management of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: an evidence-based review
Authors: Covaro Augusto , Vilà-Canet Gemma , de Frutos Ana García , Ubierna Maite T. , Ciccolo Francesco , Caceres Enric 
Published: July 2016

Lumbar spinal stenosis has become one of the most disabling pathologies in the elderly population. Some additional conditions such as foraminal stenosis or degenerative spondylosis with a history of back pain and leg pain must be considered before treatment. A completely appropriate protocol and unified management of spinal stenosis have not yet been well defined. The objective of this literature review is to provide evidence-based recommendations reflected in the highest-quality clinical literature available to address key clinical questions surrounding the management of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Cite this article: Covaro A, Vilà-Canet G, García de Frutos A, Ubierna MT, Ciccolo F, Caceres E. Management of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: an evidence-based review article. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:267-274. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000030.
The acceptability to patients of video-consulting in general practice: semi-structured interviews in three diverse general practices.
Authors: Leng Sophie , MacDougall Margaret , McKinstry Brian 
Published: July 2016

Background & Objective: To improve patient access to healthcare, the UK government has encouraged technology-based approaches including internet video-consulting. However, little is known about patient acceptance of video-consulting as a consulting method. We aimed to explore primary care patients’ views video-consulting.Method & Results: We used semi-structured interviews to survey 270 patients in NHS Lothian. Three diverse General Practices were chosen purposively and sequential patients attending the practice at a range of different times of day were invited to participate. Patients were asked to indicate their level of computer proficiency and provide their views on the use of video-call consulting and what specific applications it might have. We found that 135 of 270 respondents (50%, 95% CI 43.9%-56.1%) would use video-consulting. Patients under 60 years were over two times more likely to use it (OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.1-6.6, n = 248) and evidence of a positive trend between increasing computer proficiency and those who would video-consult was found, (χ2 = 43.97, p < 0.0005, n=270). Patients who had previously used video-calling services (such as Skype™)were approximately six times more likely to favour video-consulting than those who had not (OR 5.9, 95% CI 3.5-9.9, n = 270).Conclusions: This suggests strong patient interest in video-consulting in primary care, however, it is possible that in the short to medium term there may be access inequality favouring younger and more technically able people. Further studies are needed to determine the content, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of employing this medium.
Patient-facing Technology for Identification of COPD in Primary Care
Authors: Ahern David Kevin , Parker Donna , Eaton Charles , Rafferty Caitlin , Wroblewski Joseph , Goldman Roberta 
Published: July 2016

The proliferation of mobile devices and emergence of interoperable ‘mHealth’ apps is accelerating development and deployment of patient-facing risk assessments in primary care. The present study describes a user-centered design and an agile development approach to creation of an app for assessing lungfunction as part of a randomized controlled trial for the dentification of chronic obstructive lung disease in primary care. Seventeen patients recruited from a hospital-based, ambulatory family medicine clinic agreed to be videotaped while using the app, Lung Age, on a first-generation iPad prior to their providerencounter. Subsequently, participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide upon exiting their medical visit. Observational data indicated that participants took advantage of the portability and flexibility of the tablet device in the exam room to engage with the Lung Age app with the optionto share and discuss their results with their providers. Results from the semistructured interviews indicated that participants perceived the Lung Age app as intuitive and easy to use. These results demonstrate that tablet computers and mHealth apps can be used to deploy acceptable and useable electronic risk assessments in primary care settings. Future research focused on the impact and outcomes of patient-centered, mHealth apps for risk screening in primary care is warranted.
Influence of Type and Amount of Carbon in Cigarette Filters on Smokers’ Mouth Level Exposure to “Tar”, Nicotine, 1,3-Butadiene, Benzene, Toluene, Isoprene, and Acrylonitrile
Authors: Nother Kathryn , Ashley Madeleine S. , Clayton Peter M. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Activated carbons are effective adsorbents for many volatile organic compounds and are used in cigarette filters to remove selected smoke toxicants. Polymer-derived carbon is more effective in removing many vapour phase toxicants found in cigarette smoke than coconut-shell-derived carbon. We compared mouth-level exposure to “tar”, nicotine and five vapour phase constituents (1,3- butadiene, benzene, toluene, isoprene, acrylonitrile) in two groups of Romanian smokers of 4-mg or 8-mg International Organization for Standardization (ISO) “tar” bands. Test cigarettes with 4 and 8 mg ISO “tar” were manufactured for the study with two target levels of polymer-derived carbon (30 mg and 56 mg), along with control cigarettes containing a target level of 56 mg of coconut-shell-derived carbon in both “tar” bands. No significant differences were found between mouth-level exposure to “tar” or nicotine yields obtained from control and test products (p > 0.05) in either ISO “tar” band. Mouth-level exposure to each of the five vapour phase constituents was significantly lower from the test products with polymer-derived carbon (p < 0.0001) than from control cigarettes with coconut-shell-derived carbon, by an average of 25% with 30 mg polymer-derived carbon and around 50% with 56 mg. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2016) 40-53]
The relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate trajectory and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Davis Timothy M E , Chubb S A Paul , Davis Wendy A 
Published: July 2016

Objective
To investigate the association between estimated GFR (eGFR) and all-cause mortality, including the contribution of temporal eGFR changes, in well-characterised community-based patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design
Longitudinal observational study.

Methods
Participants from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase 1 were assessed between 1993 and 1996 and followed until end-December 2012. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to assess the relationship between baseline eGFR category (Stage 1–5) and all-cause death, and between eGFR trajectories assigned by semiparametric group-based modelling (GBM) and all-cause death in patients with five post-baseline annual eGFR measurements.

Results
In the full cohort (1296 patients; mean±s.d. age 64.1±11.3years, 48.6% males), 738 (56.9%) died during 12.9±6.1years of follow-up. There was a U-shaped relationship between all-cause death and eGFR category. With Stage 3 (45–59mL/min/1.73m2) as reference, the strongest association was for eGFR ≥90mL/min/1.73m2 (hazard ratio (95% CI) 2.01 (1.52–2.66); P<0.001). GBM identified four linear trajectories (‘low’, ‘medium’, ‘high’, ‘high/declining’) in 532 patients with serial eGFR measurements. With medium trajectory as reference, eGFR trajectory displaced baseline eGFR category as an independent predictor of death, with low and high/declining trajectories associated with more than double the risk (2.03 (1.30–3.18) and 2.24 (1.31–3.83) respectively, P≤0.003) and associated median reductions in survival of 6.5 and 8.7years respectively.

Conclusion
There is a nonlinear relationship between eGFR and death in type 2 diabetes, which is at least partially explained by a sub-group of patients with an initially high but then rapidly declining eGFR.
The cardiovascular system in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: a cross-sectional study on physiological effects of inactivating variants in the calcium-sensing receptor gene
Authors: Breum Jakobsen Niels Frederik , Laugesen Esben , Rolighed Lars , Nissen Peter H , Poulsen Per Løgstrup , Pedersen Erling Bjerregaard , Mosekilde Leif , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: July 2016

Objective
Loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) result in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), causing hypercalcemia with high normal or elevated parathyroid hormone levels. The CASR may also influence electrolyte and water homeostasis. It is unknown whether FHH affects cardiovascular health. We, therefore investigated whether FHH is associated with changes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system by measuring 24-h blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness and vasoactive hormones.

Design
Cross-sectional study comparing 50 patients with FHH to age- and gender-matched controls.

Results
Studied subjects (69% women) had a mean age of 56years. A similar number of patients and controls (33%) were on treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Overall, no differences were found between groups in 24-h ambulatory BP or pulse wave velocity. However, compared with controls, diastolic BP during nighttime was lower in FHH females (60±5 vs 66±9mmHg, P<0.01) and higher in FHH males (69±6 vs 64±5mmHg, P=0.02). FHH was associated with a significantly higher plasma osmolality (P<0.01), higher plasma levels of vasopressin (P<0.01) and a higher renal excretion of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) (P=0.03), whereas urine aquaporin-2 and plasma sodium, aldosterone and renin did not differ between groups. FHH patients had a lower urinary volume with an increased osmolality if analyses were restricted to those not on treatments with antihypertensive drugs.
ConclusionsFHH does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of CVD.
Cross-sectional area of the median nerve is increased in primary autoimmune hypothyroidism and decreases upon treatment with thyroxine
Authors: Holováčová Dana , Kužma Martin , Killinger Zdenko , Payer Juraj 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of nervus medianus by ultrasound in newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients after thyroxine replacement treatment.Patients and methodsThe cohort comprised 30 patients with newly diagnosed primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. These were subsequently compared with 30 controls, matched for sex, BMI and age. Ultrasound evaluation, including measurement of CSA at the level of the pisiform bone or tunnel inlet was performed at baseline and after 3months. A CSA threshold of more than 10mm2was considered pathological.ResultsCSA was increased in patients compared with controls (9.8±0.7mm2vs 7.2±1.1mm2;P<0.001). Thyroxin substitution increased fT4levels (baseline, 11.0±0.6pmol/L vs 15.5±0.4pmol/L;P<0.001) and decreased TSH (baseline, 23.9±6.0mIU/L vs 2.7±0.2mIU/L;P<0.001). Thyroxine treatment decreased CSA to 8.4mm2±0.3mm2(P=0.033). Before treatment, four patients experienced distal paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area. Increased CSA pathognomonic for carpal tunnel syndrome found in two symptomatic patients normalized after 3months. No clinical symptoms were observed after 3months. A positive correlation was found between TSH and CSA (R=0.155,P=0.05) before treatment.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that increase in median nerve CSA caused by primary autoimmune hypothyroidism can be fully reversible after achieving target levels of TSH and fT4.