bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Enzyme Hydrogen‐Borrowing Amination of Alcohols Enabled by a Cofactor‐Switched Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Authors: Thompson Matthew P. , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe NADPH‐dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (TeSADH), displaying broad substrate specificity and low enantioselectivity, was engineered to accept NADH as a cofactor. The engineered TeSADH showed a >10 000‐fold switch from NADPH towards NADH compared to the wildtype enzyme. This TeSADH variant was applied to a biocatalytic hydrogen‐borrowing system that employed catalytic amounts of NAD+, ammonia, and an amine dehydrogenase, which thereby enabled the conversion a range of alcohols into chiral amines.
The stability of the transcriptome during the estrous cycle in four regions of the mouse brain
Authors: DiCarlo Lisa M. , Vied Cynthia , Nowakowski Richard S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe analyzed the transcriptome of the C57BL/6J mouse hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum to determine estrous cycle‐specific changes in these four brain regions. We found almost 16,000 genes are present in one or more of the brain areas but only 210 genes, ∼1.3%, are significantly changed as a result of the estrous cycle. The hippocampus has the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (82), followed by the neocortex (76), hypothalamus (63), and cerebellum (26). Most of these DEGs (186/210) are differentially expressed in only one of the four brain regions. A key finding is the unique expression pattern of growth hormone (Gh) and prolactin (Prl). Gh and Prl are the only DEGs to be expressed during only one stage of the estrous cycle (metestrus). To gain insight into the function of the DEGs, we examined gene ontology and phenotype enrichment and found significant enrichment for genes associated with myelination, hormone stimulus, and abnormal hormone levels. Additionally, 61 of the 210 DEGs are known to change in response to estrogen in the brain. 50 of the 210 genes differentially expressed as a result of the estrous cycle are related to myelin and oligodendrocytes and 12 of the 63 DEGs in the hypothalamus are oligodendrocyte‐ and myelin‐specific genes. This transcriptomic analysis reveals that gene expression in the female mouse brain is remarkably stable during the estrous cycle and demonstrates that the genes that do fluctuate are functionally related.
Parallelization of skyline probability computation over uncertain preferences
Authors: Zhu Haoyang , Zhu Peidong , Li Xiaoyong , Liu Qiang , Xun Peng 
Published: July 2017

SummaryQuery processing over uncertain preferences is very common in real‐life situations, because many times, we cannot model users' preferences as strict partial orders. In this paper, we investigate skyline queries over uncertain preferences. The latest state‐of‐the‐art algorithm, called Usky‐base algorithm, makes significant advances. However, it still needs to be perfected in 2 aspects. (1) Theoretic analysis: The correctness of the algorithm is not fully verified. (2) Efficiency: Due to the heavy calculation introduced by adopting inclusion‐exclusion principle to express the skyline probability, it needs massive time when computing skyline probabilities for large data sets. To address the above 2 concerns, we first review the Usky‐base algorithm and lemmas it based on. Then we propose a novel parallel algorithm, called Parallel‐sky, to compute skyline probability of a given object. Moreover, we propose an adding algorithm and a deleting algorithm to deal with dynamic scenarios where new objects are added in and outdated objects are deleted out. Furthermore, we extend our algorithm from computing skyline probability of a given object to all objects in a data set. We conduct extensive experiments on real and synthetic data sets to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposals.
Web‐based visual data exploration for improved radiological source detection
Authors: Weber Gunther H. , Bandstra Mark S. , Chivers Daniel H. , Elgammal Hamdy H. , Hendrix Valerie , Kua John , Maltz Jonathan S. , Muriki Krishna , Ong Yeongshnn , Song Kai , Quinlan Michael J. , Ramakrishnan Lavanya , Quiter Brian J. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryRadiation detection can provide a reliable means of detecting radiological material. Such capabilities can help to prevent nuclear and/or radiological attacks, but reliable detection in uncontrolled surroundings requires algorithms that account for environmental background radiation. The Berkeley Data Cloud (BDC) facilitates the development of such methods by providing a framework to capture, store, analyze, and share data sets. In the era of big data, both the size and variety of data make it difficult to explore and find data sets of interest and manage the data. Thus, in the context of big data, visualization is critical for checking data consistency and validity, identifying gaps in data coverage, searching for data relevant to an analyst's use cases, and choosing input parameters for analysis. Downloading the data and exploring it on an analyst's desktop using traditional tools are no longer feasible due to the size of the data. This paper describes the design and implementation of a visualization system that addresses the problems associated with data exploration within the context of the BDC. The visualization system is based on a JavaScript front end communicating via REST with a back end web server.
Maternal cortisol slope at 6 months predicts infant cortisol slope and EEG power at 12 months
Authors: St. John Ashley M. , Kao Katie , Liederman Jacqueline , Grieve Philip G. , Tarullo Amanda R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhysiological stress systems and the brain rapidly develop through infancy. While the roles of caregiving and environmental factors have been studied, implications of maternal physiological stress are unclear. We assessed maternal and infant diurnal cortisol when infants were 6 and 12 months. We measured 12‐month infant electroencephalography (EEG) 6–9 Hz power during a social interaction. Steeper 6‐month maternal slope predicted steeper 12‐month infant slope controlling for 6‐month infant slope and breastfeeding. Steeper 6‐month maternal slope predicted lower 6–9 Hz power. Six‐month maternal area under the cuve (AUCg) was unrelated to 12‐month infant AUCg and 6–9 Hz power. Psychosocial, caregiving, and breastfeeding variables did not explain results. At 6 months, maternal and infant slopes correlated, as did maternal and infant AUCg. Twelve‐month maternal and infant cortisol were unrelated. Results indicate maternal slope is an informative predictor of infant physiology and suggest the importance of maternal physiological stress in this developmental period.
A neutral view of the evolving genomic architecture of speciation
Authors: Southcott Laura , Kronforst Marcus R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnalyses of genomewide polymorphism data have begun to shed light on speciation and adaptation. Genome scans to identify regions of the genome that are unusually different between populations or species, possibly due to divergent natural or sexual selection, are widespread in speciation genomics. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that such outlier regions may grow faster than linearly during speciation with gene flow due to a rapid transition between low and high reproductive isolation. We investigate whether this pattern could be attributed to neutral processes by simulating genomes under neutral evolution with varying amounts and timing of gene flow. Under both neutral evolution and divergent selection, simulations with little or no gene flow, or with a long allopatric period after its cessation, resulted in faster than linear growth of the proportion of the genome lying in outlier regions. Without selection, higher recent gene flow erased differentiation; with divergent selection, these same scenarios produced nonlinear growth to a plateau. Our results suggest that, given a history of gene flow, the growth of the divergent genome is informative about selection during divergence, but that in many scenarios, this pattern does not easily distinguish neutral and non‐neutral processes during speciation with gene flow.
Habitat selection by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is primarily driven by avoidance of human activity during day and prey availability during night
Authors: Filla Marc , Premier Joseph , Magg Nora , Dupke Claudia , Khorozyan Igor , Waltert Matthias , Bufka Luděk , Heurich Marco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe greatest threat to the protected Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Central Europe is human‐induced mortality. As the availability of lynx prey often peaks in human‐modified areas, lynx have to balance successful prey hunting with the risk of encounters with humans. We hypothesized that lynx minimize this risk by adjusting habitat choices to the phases of the day and over seasons. We predicted that (1) due to avoidance of human‐dominated areas during daytime, lynx range use is higher at nighttime, that (2) prey availability drives lynx habitat selection at night, whereas high cover, terrain inaccessibility, and distance to human infrastructure drive habitat selection during the day, and that (3) habitat selection also differs between seasons, with altitude being a dominant factor in winter. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed telemetry data (GPS,VHF) of 10 lynx in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem (Germany, Czech Republic) between 2005 and 2013 using generalized additive mixed models and considering various predictor variables. Night ranges exceeded day ranges by more than 10%. At night, lynx selected open habitats, such as meadows, which are associated with high ungulate abundance. By contrast, during the day, lynx selected habitats offering dense understorey cover and rugged terrain away from human infrastructure. In summer, land‐cover type greatly shaped lynx habitats, whereas in winter, lynx selected lower altitudes. We concluded that open habitats need to be considered for more realistic habitat models and contribute to future management and conservation (habitat suitability, carrying capacity) of Eurasian lynx in Central Europe.
State of the States' Teacher Evaluation and Support Systems: A Perspective From Exemplary Teachers
Authors: Goe Laura , Wylie E. Caroline , Bosso David , Olson Derek 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs states reconsider their current evaluation systems, stakeholders are offering their views about what revisions should be made to existing measures and processes. This report offers a unique perspective to these conversations by capturing and synthesizing the views of some of America's exemplary teachers: State Teachers of the Year (STOYs) and STOY finalists from every part of the country (hereafter referred to as STOYs). Given their recognition as effective practitioners and advocates, their involvement in policy‐oriented discussions at various levels, and their overall impact on their respective educational environments, the experiences of STOYs with teacher evaluation and professional support systems provide a unique look into the myriad systems that are now being scrutinized. Accordingly, their insights and recommendations should serve to inform state and local discussions. An executive summary is available at https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR‐17‐30_Executive_Summary.pdf.
Enhancing egress drills: Preparation and assessment of evacuee performance
Authors: Gwynne S.M.V. , Kuligowski E.D. , Boyce K.E. , Nilsson D. , Robbins A.P. , Lovreglio R. , Thomas J.R. , Roy‐Poirier A. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis article explores how egress drills—specifically those related to fire incidents—are currently used, their impact on safety levels, and the insights gained from them. It is suggested that neither the merits of egress drills are well understood, nor the impact on egress performance well characterized. In addition, the manner in which they are conducted varies both between and within regulatory jurisdictions. By investigating their strengths and limitations, this article suggests opportunities for their enhancement possibly through the use of other egress models to support and expand upon the benefits provided. It is by no means suggested that drills are not important to evacuation safety—only that their inconsistent use and the interpretation of the results produced may mean we (as researchers, practitioners, regulators, and stakeholders) are not getting the maximum benefit out of this important tool. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Fire and Materials StartCopText© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description of late onset neutropenia in indolent lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine plus rituximab
Authors: Verriere B. , Gastaud L. , Chamorey E. , Peyrade F. , Deletie E. , Bouredji K. , Quinsat D. , Schiappa R. , Thyss A. , Re D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBendamustine (B) associated with rituximab (R) is widely described in literature for the management of patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) and indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Safety data regarding late hematotoxicity such as late onset neutropenia (LON) are scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence and to identify risk factors for LON in patients with indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and CLL treated with B and R (B‐R).One hundred forty five patients were treated with B‐R as first or second line. Patients with neutropenia prior induction treatment, treated beyond second line and relapsing within 3 months after the end of induction treatment, were excluded. Patients receiving at least 1 cycle of B‐R and having LON during follow‐up period were included and considered as eligible for toxicity assessment. A complete blood count was performed 4 weeks after the last cycle of induction treatment and thereafter every 3 months for 1 year.Thirty six patients were identified in our cohort (incidence of 25%), mostly affected by CLL (n = 11) and follicular lymphoma (FL) (n = 15). During follow‐up, 84 events of LON were recorded, 61% and 39% were of grades 1/2 and 3/4, respectively. No episode of febrile neutropenia was documented. Amongst 13 of the 15 patients with FL undergoing R maintenance, 8 had treatment discontinuation because of LON. Median time for LON (grade > 2) and time to recovery (grade < 3) were of 11.2 and 17.3 weeks, respectively. One year after B‐R induction, LON persisted in 4 patients. The risk of LON was increased both in patients with FL or CLL and performance status >1.The LON in B‐R treated patients is clinically relevant. Close clinical and biological follow‐up and treatment prophylaxis (eg, valaciclovir and cotrimoxazole) especially for FL patients undergoing maintenance with R monotherapy seems relevant.
Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)
Authors: Mackus Marlou , van de Loo Aurora J. A. E. , Raasveld S. Jorinde , Hogewoning Anna , Sastre Toraño Javier , Flesch Frits M. , Korte‐Bouws Gerdien A. H. , van Neer Renier H. P. , Wang Xiaochun , Nguyen Thomas T. , Brookhuis Karel A. , Kraneveld Aletta D. , Garssen Johan , Verster Joris C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state.MethodsThirty‐sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover‐immune group). On a control day (alcohol‐free) day and a post‐alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed.ResultsUrinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post‐alcohol day compared to the control day (p = .0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p = .033; r = .403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations.ConclusionsAlthough urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.
Groundwater isoscapes in a montane headwater catchment show dominance of well‐mixed storage
Authors: Scheliga Bernhard , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Nuetzmann Gunnar , Soulsby Chris 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe conducted an integrated groundwater–surface water monitoring programme in a 3.2‐km2experimental catchment in the Scottish Highlands by sampling all springs, seepages, and wells in six, spatially extensive synoptic surveys over a 2‐year period. The catchment has been glaciated, with steep hillslopes and a flat valley bottom. There is around 70% glacial drift cover in lower areas. The solid geology, which outcrops at higher elevations, is granite and metamorphic schist. The springs and seepages generally occur at the contact between the solid geology and drift or at breaks of slopes in the valley bottom. Samples were analysed for stable isotopes, Gran alkalinity and electrical conductivity. Despite the surveys encompassing markedly different antecedent conditions, the isotopic composition of groundwater at each location exhibited limited temporal variability, resulting in a remarkable persistence of spatial patterns indicating well‐mixed shallow, groundwater stores. Moreover, line‐conditioned excess values derived from the isotope data indicated no evidence of fractionation affecting the groundwater, which suggests that most recharge occurs in winter. The alkalinity and electrical conductivity of groundwater reflected geological differences in the catchment, being highest where more weatherable calcareous rocks outcrop at higher altitudes in the catchment. Springs draining these areas also had the most variable isotope composition, which indicated that they have shorter residence times than the drift covered part of the catchment. The study showed that even in geologically heterogeneous upland catchments, groundwater can be characterized by a consistent isotopic composition, reflecting rapid mixing in the recharge zone. Our work, thus, emphasizes the critical role of groundwater in upland catchments and provides tracer data that can help constrain quantitative groundwater models.
Hamilton Cycles, Minimum Degree, and Bipartite Holes
Authors: McDiarmid Colin , Yolov Nikola 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a tight extremal threshold for the existence of Hamilton cycles in graphs with large minimum degree and without a large “bipartite hole” (two disjoint sets of vertices with no edges between them). This result extends Dirac's classical theorem, and is related to a theorem of Chvátal and Erdős. In detail, an ‐bipartite‐hole in a graph G consists of two disjoint sets of vertices S and T with and such that there are no edges between S and T; and is the maximum integer r such that G contains an ‐bipartite‐hole for every pair of nonnegative integers s and t with . Our central theorem is that a graph G with at least three vertices is Hamiltonian if its minimum degree is at least . From the proof we obtain a polynomial time algorithm that either finds a Hamilton cycle or a large bipartite hole. The theorem also yields a condition for the existence of k edge‐disjoint Hamilton cycles. We see that for dense random graphs , the probability of failing to contain many edge‐disjoint Hamilton cycles is . Finally, we discuss the complexity of calculating and approximating .
A simple method to produce birnessite‐coated quartz sand
Authors: Georgiadis Anna , Rennert Thilo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBirnessite is a highly reactive manganese oxide and common in soil. We checked the attachment of birnessite, synthesized by the reduction of permanganate by lactate, on sand‐sized quartz to produce birnessite‐coated sand (BCS). Attachment and aggregation of birnessite increased with pH and reaction time. The extent of Cu and Zn adsorption to BCS was similar to that of birnessites in previous studies. Based on these results and the stability of this BCS, it may be used in water treatment.
Surviving the recession with efficiency improvements: The case of hospitality firms in Portugal
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Guedes Maria João 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDuring a recession, lower profitability limits investments in new initiatives; significant cost‐cutting could deteriorate service levels; and sticky tangible and intangible resources limit a hospitality establishment's ability to reduce its asset base. Limited ability to cut costs or reduce asset base shifts the focus on improving efficiency. Drawing on panel data of 1,647 Portuguese hospitality establishments from 2007 to 2014, we find that an increase in the return on fixed assets made the highest contribution to operating profit, followed by an increase in the return on intangible assets. Increasing labour productivity had the lowest effect on operating profit.
Treatment, short‐term outcomes, and costs associated with larynx cancer care in commercially insured patients
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Chang Hsien‐Yen , Quon Harry , Kang Hyunseok , Kiess Ana P. , Eisele David W. , Frick Kevin D. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine associations between treatment, complications, and costs in patients with laryngeal cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of MarketScan Commercial Claim and Encounters data.MethodsWe evaluated 10,969 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer from 2010 to 2012 using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression.ResultsChemoradiation was significantly associated with supraglottic tumors (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 5.9 [4.4–7.8]), pretreatment gastrostomy (RRR = 4.0 [2.7–6.1]), and alcohol abuse (RRR = 0.5 [0.3–0.9]). Treatment‐related complications occurred in 23% of patients, with medical complications in 22% and surgical complications in 7%. Chemoradiation (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7 [2.6–5.2]), major surgical procedures (OR = 4.9 [3.5–6.8]), reconstruction (OR = 7.7 (4.1–14.7)], and advanced comorbidity (OR = 9.7 [5.7–16.5] were associated with acute complications. Recurrent/persistent disease occurred in 23% of patients and was associated with high‐volume care (OR = 1.4 [1.1–1.8]). Salvage surgery was performed in 46% of patients with recurrent/persistent disease and was less likely for supraglottic disease (OR = 0.5 [0.4–0.8]) and after chemoradiation (OR = 0.4 [0.2–0.6]). Initial treatment and 1‐year overall costs for chemoradiation were higher than all other treatment categories, after controlling for all other variables including complications and salvage. High‐volume care was associated with significantly lower costs of care for surgical patients but was not associated with differences in costs of care for nonoperative treatment.ConclusionsIn commercially insured patients <65 years old with laryngeal cancer, chemoradiation was associated with increased costs, an increased likelihood of treatment‐related medical complications, and a reduced likelihood of surgical salvage. Higher‐volume surgical care was associated with lower initial treatment and 1‐year costs of care. These data have implications for discussions of value and quality in an era of healthcare reform.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:91–101, 2018