bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value‐based recruitment in midwifery: do the values align with what women say is important to them?
Authors: Callwood Alison , Cooke Debbie , Allan Helen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to discuss theoretical conceptualization and definition of values and value‐based recruitment in the context of women's views about what they would like from their midwife.BackgroundValue‐based recruitment received headline status in the UK government's response to pervasive deficiencies in compassionate care identified in the health service. Core values which aim to inform service user's experience are defined in the National Health Service Constitution but clarity about whether these encompass all that women say is important to them is needed.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesA literature search included published papers written in English relating to values, VBR and women's views of a ‘good’ midwife with no date limiters.DiscussionDefinitions of values and value‐based recruitment are examined. Congruence is explored between what women say is important to them and key government and professional regulatory documentation. The importance of a ‘sustainable emotional’ dimension in the midwife–mother relationship is suggested.ConclusionInconsistencies are identified between women's views, government, professional documentation and what women say they want. An omission of any reference to emotions or emotionality in value‐based recruitment policy, professional recruitment and selection guidance documentation is identified.ImplicationsA review of key professional documentation, in relation to selection for ‘values’, is proposed. We argue for clarity and revision so that values embedded in value‐based recruitment are consistent with health service users’ views. An enhancement of the ‘values’ in the value‐based recruitment framework is recommended to include the emotionality that women state is a fundamental part of their relationship with their midwife.
Clinical pre‐test of a computerised antithrombotic risk assessment tool for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients: giving consideration to NOACs
Authors: Wang Yishen , Bajorek Beata 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe decision‐making around antithrombotics in atrial fibrillation requires comprehensive risk versus benefit assessment. In view of the availability of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) including dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, a decision support tool designed to assist the selection of antithrombotics has been modified to consider both warfarin and NOACs. This study aims to pre‐test this modified decision support tool.MethodsThe decision support tool was modified to consider either warfarin or NOACs as first‐line therapy and applied to data pertaining to a cohort of 393 patients in New South Wales.ResultsOverall, 380 (96.7%) patients were eligible for oral anticoagulants. In the scenario of warfarin being recommended as first‐line therapy, the Computerised Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool version 2.0 (caratv2.0) recommended warfarin for 360 (91.6%) patients, any NOAC for 5 (1.3%) patients, either rivaroxaban or apixaban for 6 (1.5%) patients and apixaban for 9 (2.2%) patients. In the scenario of NOACs as first‐line therapy, caratv2.0 recommended any NOAC for 279 (70.9%) patients, either rivaroxaban or apixaban for 80 (20.4%) patients, apixaban for 9 (2.3%) patients and warfarin for 12 (3.1%) patients. Key reasons for caratv2.0 to recommend a change from warfarin (patients' current therapy) to NOACs included known warfarin allergy/adverse reaction, a history of intracranial bleeding, and previous gastrointestinal bleeding. Key predictors for caratv2.0 to consider that patients are more suitable for NOACs over warfarin were a diagnosis of other gastrointestinal diseases, more co‐morbidities and high risk of falls.ConclusionsAccording to this decision support tool, both warfarin and NOACs are viable treatment options in majority of the patients, but there is a scope for better rationalization of therapy.
A remote monitoring program evaluation: a retrospective study
Authors: Williams Cynthia , Wan Thomas T. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveUsing an integrated model, the Donabedian Quality and Logic Model, we examined a remote monitoring heart failure disease management program.MethodThis quantitative research used post‐test only case matched design. The sample consisted of 210 participants from 23 home health care agencies.ResultsLogistic regression results indicated statistical significance, there was an inverse relationship between caregiver support and the complexity of decision making;X2(3,n = 210) = 29.984,P = 0.012. The DTreg suggested that participants who were advised to go to the ER had a 1.00 probability of doing so, and those who were instructed otherwise had a 0.37 probability of going to the ER. Among participants who experienced a hospital readmission, there was 0.50 probability that patient education or other clinical intervention was implemented prior to the admission.ConclusionAs home health care agencies consider disease management programs, it is important to gain a comprehensive understanding of the potential of innovative programs and the resources they require. While the agency invested the resources required by the remote monitoring program, the study demonstrated that caregiver support was a critical structural component of the program and may affect change in nurses' decision making to mitigate hospital utilization. We recommend that home health care agencies take greater consideration of the family and social support in implementing a remote monitoring system.
Free Fatty Acid Deformation of Treated Black Glutinous Rice During Storage by Fluidization Drying
Authors: Junka Nittaya , Rattanamechaiskul Chaiwat , Wongs‐Aree Chalermchai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis research was contemplated for two purposes: to study a consequent change in the free fatty acid (FFA) content of dried black glutinous rice by fluidization drying and to develop a mathematical equation for predicting FFA formation during storage. It was found that during the same storage period, the rice that passed through the drying process at temperatures of 100, 130 and 150°C accounted for less formation of FFA content than the referenced rice, and the FFA formation was reduced in accordance with the increasing drying temperature. In regard to the proposed equation, predicted FFA formation in rice during the storage period by zero‐order rate reactions yielded the best fit with the values acquired from the experiment.Practical ApplicationsThe drying process, which uses fluidization with high temperature hot air, is a highly efficient drying method in reducing moisture of the paddy to a suitable level before transporting or storing. In addition, such a method could be applied to the inactivated lipase enzyme to prevent hydrolysis of lipids in rice bran that give rise to FFA, which results in undesirable rancidity for consumers. Data on the change in the FFA content acquired from the experiment would be used to develop a mathematical equation for predicting FFA formation in black glutinous rice during the storage period. The suitable drying condition and proposed mathematical equation would be beneficial as a drying guideline to control rancidity of rice during storage.
Rapid Testing of Food Matrices for Bacillus cereus Enterotoxins
Authors: Tallent Sandra M. , Hait Jennifer M. , Knolhoff Ann M. , Bennett Reginald W. , Hammack Thomas S. , Croley Timothy R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNine different food products frequently associated with Bacillus cereus outbreaks were chosen as representative matrices to be evaluated with end‐point polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, lateral flow device and mass spectrometry for detection of enterotoxins associated with human illness. Testing was performed on food portions inoculated with a bacterial strain and incubated at 30°C for either 5 h or 24 h. A screening end‐point multiplex PCR targeting enterotoxin genes including the emetic toxin and three diarrheal toxins, hemolytic hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemoltyic enterotoxin (Nhe), and cytolysin K. Commercially available kits were used to determine the presence/absence of Nhe and Hbl. Finally; a quantitative analysis using mass spectrometry was performed for the detection of the emetic toxin. Definitive results were available after a five hour pre‐enrichment in five food products. The following strategy would allow for more efficient testing of surveillance or environmental samples as well as more rapid response time during a foodborne outbreak.Practical ApplicationsThe application of a strategy for processing and analyzing food products for Bacillus cereus and the enterotoxins associated with foodborne illness was explored. Employment of such a strategy will decrease time spent processing negative samples allowing more time for analysis of potentially positive food products.
Nonsuicidal self‐injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations: an integrative review
Authors: Jackman Kate , Honig Judy , Bockting Walter 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo conduct an integrative review of nonsuicidal self‐injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations to better understand the prevalence; to identify the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender subgroups at increased risk for nonsuicidal self‐injury; and to examine the risk factors associated with nonsuicidal self‐injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations.BackgroundNonsuicidal self‐injury, defined as intentional injury to the body's surface without intent to die, is a significant mental health concern among adolescents and adults. Mental health disparities in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations, including anxiety, depression and suicidality, have been documented in the scientific literature with little focus on findings about nonsuicidal self‐injury.DesignIntegrative literature review of published quantitative and qualitative empirical research.MethodsA literature search of 11 on‐line databases was conducted of articles published through April 2015. Keywords were used to identify articles about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations and nonsuicidal self‐injury.ResultsAfter screening by title, abstract and full text, 26 articles were included in this review. The literature synthesised demonstrates a consistent pattern of increased prevalence of nonsuicidal self‐injury among sexual and gender minority populations compared with heterosexual peers. This body of literature indicates which subgroups of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations appear to be at increased risk for nonsuicidal self‐injury and which specific factors contributing to vulnerability to nonsuicidal self‐injury among these populations.ConclusionsLesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations are at higher risk for nonsuicidal self‐injury compared with the general population. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender‐specific and general risk factors appear to contribute to this heightened vulnerability.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical nurses should screen for nonsuicidal self‐injury and for sexual and gender minority identity in all of their patients. Comprehensive assessment of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender patients presenting with nonsuicidal self‐injury may lead to identification of risk factors that can be addressed through nursing interventions. Nurse researchers and clinicians should take an active role in developing and implementing evidenced‐based tailored interventions to reduce the higher vulnerability to nonsuicidal self‐injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations.
Evaluation of emergency department nursing services and patient satisfaction of services
Authors: Mollaoğlu Mukadder , Çelik Pelin 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify nursing services and assess patient satisfaction in patients who present to the emergency department.BackgroundEmergency nursing care is a significant determinant of patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is often regarded as a reliable indicator of the quality of services provided in the emergency department.DesignThis is a descriptive study.MethodsEighty‐four patients who presented to the university emergency department were included in the study. The study data were collected by the Patient Information Form and the Satisfaction Level Form.ResultsEmergency nursing services, including history taking, assessing vital signs, preparing the patient for an emergency intervention, oxygen therapy, drug delivery and blood‐serum infusion were shown to be more commonly provided compared with other services such as counselling the patients and the relatives about their care or delivering educational and psychosocial services. However, 78·6% of the patients were satisfied with their nursing services. The highest satisfaction rates were observed in the following sub‐dimensions of the Satisfaction Level Form: availability of the nurse (82·1%), behaviour of the nurse towards the patient (78·6%) and the frequency of nursing rounds (77·4%).ConclusionsThe most common practices performed by nurses in the emergency department were physical nursing services. Patient satisfaction was mostly associated with the availability of nurses when they were needed. Our results suggest that in addition to the physical care, patients should also receive education and psychosocial care in the emergency department.Relevance to clinical practiceWe believe that this study will contribute to the awareness and understanding of principles and concepts of emergency nursing, extend the limits of nursing knowledge and abilities, and improve and maintain the quality of clinical nursing education and practice to train specialist nurses with high levels of understanding in ethical, intellectual, administrative, investigative and professional issues.
The quality of recovery on discharge from hospital, a comparison between patients undergoing hip and knee replacement – a European study
Authors: Johansson Stark Åsa , Charalambous Andreas , Istomina Natalja , Salanterä Sanna , Sigurdardottir Arun K , Sourtzi Panayota , Valkeapää Kirsi , Zabalegui Adelaida , Bachrach‐Lindström Margareta 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe and compare the quality of recovery on discharge from hospital among patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement. The study will also attempt to identify any predicting factors.BackgroundArthroplasty is commonly used for an increasing population of patients with osteoarthritis, and the recovery process starts directly after surgery. Today's shorter hospital stay may be a challenge for the patients during the early period of recovery. It is therefore important to identify factors associated with quality of recovery at discharge from hospital.DesignA descriptive, comparative study including 12 hospitals in 5 European countries; Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Iceland and Sweden.MethodsConsecutively included patients responded on: health‐related quality of life, and emotions before surgery and at hospital discharge; quality of recovery, patient satisfaction and fulfilment of knowledge expectations. Related factors and associations were analysed separately for each kind of arthroplasty. In total, 865 patients were included (hipn = 413, kneen = 452).ResultsIn the dimension of pain, patients undergoing hip replacement had significantly better quality of recovery compared to those undergoing knee replacement. Both patient groups experienced negative emotions before surgery that were related to poorer quality of recovery. Fulfilment of knowledge expectations has a limited effect on quality of recovery. Greater satisfaction with care predicted better quality of recovery.ConclusionsNegative preoperative emotions were related to poorer quality of recovery. For both kinds of arthroplasty, greater satisfaction with care was associated with better quality of recovery.Relevance to clinical practiceThe result emphasises the need to detect patients in need of support in their preparation and recovery process, taking into account the perspective of their emotional state.
HIV infection and bone disease
Authors: Compston J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe success of antiretroviral therapy in treating HIV infection has greatly prolonged life expectancy in affected individuals, transforming the disease into a chronic condition. A number of HIV‐associated non‐AIDS comorbidities have emerged in the ageing HIV‐infected population, including osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture. The pathogenesis of fracture is multifactorial with contributions from both traditional and HIV‐specific risk factors. Significant bone loss occurs on initiation of antiretroviral therapy but stabilizes on long‐term therapy. Fracture risk assessment should be performed in HIV‐infected individuals and bone mineral density measured when indicated. Lifestyle measures to optimize bone health should be advised and, in individuals at high risk of fracture, treatment with bisphosphonates considered.
Bilateral sensory deprivation of trigeminal afferent fibres on corticomotor control of human tongue musculature: a preliminary study
Authors: Kothari M. , Baad‐Hansen L. , Svensson P. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in human limb muscles following modulation of sensory afferent inputs. The aim of this study was to determine whether bilateral local anaesthesia (LA) of the lingual nerve affects the excitability of the tongue motor cortex (MI) as measured by TMS. The effect on MEPs after bilateral LA of the lingual nerve was studied, while the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle served as a control in ten healthy participants. MEPs were measured on the right side of the tongue dorsum in four different conditions: (i) immediately prior to anaesthesia (baseline), (ii) during bilateral LA block of the lingual nerve, (iii) after anaesthesia had subjectively subsided (recovery) and (iv) 3 h after bilateral lingual block injection. MEPs were assessed using stimulus–response curves in steps of 10% of motor threshold (T). Eight stimuli were given at each stimulus level. The amplitudes of the tongue MEPs were significantly influenced by the stimulus intensity (P < 0·001) but not by condition (P = 0·186). However, post hoc tests showed that MEPS were statistically significantly higher during bilateral LA block condition compared with baseline at T + 40%, T + 50% and T + 60% (P < 0·028) and also compared with recovery at T + 60% (P = 0·010) as well as at 3 h after injection at T + 50% and T + 60% (P < 0·029). Bilateral LA block of the lingual nerve seems to be associated with a facilitation of the corticomotor pathways related to the tongue musculature.
Melatonin mediates selenium‐induced tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato plants
Authors: Li Meng‐Qi , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Li Cai‐Xia , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Xia Xiao‐Jian , Shi Kai , Zhou Yan‐Hong , Reiter Russel J. , Yu Jing‐Quan , Xu Ming‐Xing , Zhou Jie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBoth selenium (Se) and melatonin reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and mitigate Cd toxicity in plants. However, the relationship between Se and melatonin in Cd detoxification remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of three forms of Se (selenocysteine, sodium selenite, and sodium selenate) on the biosynthesis of melatonin and the tolerance against Cd in tomato plants. Pretreatment with different forms of Se significantly induced the biosynthesis of melatonin and its precursors (tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin); selenocysteine had the most marked effect on melatonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, Se and melatonin supplements significantly increased plant Cd tolerance as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition, photoinhibition, and electrolyte leakage (EL). Se‐induced Cd tolerance was compromised in melatonin‐deficient plants following tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) gene silencing. Se treatment increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), as well as the expression of GSH and PC biosynthetic genes in nonsilenced plants, but the effects of Se were compromised in TDC‐silenced plants under Cd stress. In addition, Se and melatonin supplements reduced Cd content in leaves of nonsilenced plants, but Se‐induced reduction in Cd content was compromised in leaves of TDC‐silenced plants. Taken together, our results indicate that melatonin is involved in Se‐induced Cd tolerance via the regulation of Cd detoxification.
2‐Hydroxymelatonin promotes the resistance of rice plant to multiple simultaneous abiotic stresses (combined cold and drought)
Authors: Lee Hye‐Jung , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigated the physiological roles of 2‐hydroxymelatonin (2‐OHMel) in rice seedlings. When they were challenged with simultaneous multiple abiotic stressors, such as a combination of cold and drought, those pretreated with 2‐OHMel were resistant, whereas no tolerance was observed in seedlings treated with either melatonin or water (control). The tolerance phenotype was associated with the induction of several transporter proteins, including the proton transporter (UCP1), potassium transporter (HKT1), and water channel protein (PIP2;1). Treatment with 2‐OHMel increased the content of the osmoprotectant proline and maintained mitochondrial structure when plants were subjected to a combination of cold and drought stress. We screened the corresponding transcription factors (TFs) for 2‐OHMel‐mediated resistance to the combined stressors through analysis of large numbers of cold‐ and drought‐related TFs. Two TFs, Myb4 and AP37, were only induced by 2‐OHMel treatment. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing rice Myb4 were not resistant to the combined stressors; however, the expression of UCP1, HKT1, and PIP2;1 transcripts was slightly enhanced. These data show that 2‐OHMel alleviates the effects of simultaneous abiotic stressors via the actions of multiple TFs, including Myb4 and AP37.
Elevated heart rate and nondipping heart rate as potential targets for melatonin: a review
Authors: Simko Fedor , Baka Tomas , Paulis Ludovit , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractElevated heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortalities in the general population and various cardiovascular pathologies. Insufficient heart rate decline during the night, that is, nondipping heart rate, also increases cardiovascular risk. Abnormal heart rate reflects an autonomic nervous system imbalance in terms of relative dominance of sympathetic tone. There are only a few prospective studies concerning the effect of heart rate reduction in coronary heart disease and heart failure. In hypertensive patients, retrospective analyses show no additional benefit of slowing down the heart rate by beta‐blockade to blood pressure reduction. Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland, has several attributes, which predict melatonin to be a promising candidate in the struggle against elevated heart rate and its consequences in the hypertensive population. First, melatonin production depends on the sympathetic stimulation of the pineal gland. On the other hand, melatonin inhibits the sympathetic system in several ways representing potentially the counter‐regulatory mechanism to normalize excessive sympathetic drive. Second, administration of melatonin reduces heart rate in animals and humans. Third, the chronobiological action of melatonin may normalize the insufficient nocturnal decline of heart rate. Moreover, melatonin reduces the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which are considered a crucial pathophysiological disorder of increased heart rate and pulsatile blood flow. The antihypertensive and antiremodeling action of melatonin along with its beneficial effects on lipid profile and insulin resistance may be of additional benefit. A clinical trial investigating melatonin actions in hypertensive patients with increased heart rate is warranted.