bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of hard carbon from acid-treated locust wood as anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Huo Junjie , Li Chuanyang , Xia Peng , Fan Na , Mao Wutao , Bao Keyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Currently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are favored by scientific researchers because of their abundance, low cost, and high safety. Furthermore, hard carbon has a low voltage plateau and a high sodium storage capacity when used as the anode material in SIBs. Given its affordability and variety of sources, biomass hard carbon has gained interest. However, the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of biomass hard carbon significantly hinders its development. Therefore, waste biomass locust wood was utilized to produce hard carbon at various carbonization temperatures. The wood was treated with 6M HCl before carbonization, so as to look into how acid treatment affects the microstructure of carbon materials and how that affects their electrochemical characteristics. The experimental results proved that the HCl-pretreated hard carbon could increase the carbon layer spacing, increase more surface active sites that favor Na+ storage, and decrease the specific surface area. HC-1500 and HHC-1500 possessed a first lap charge specific capacity of 319.6 mAh/g and 382.3 mAh/g, respectively, with an increase in the a first-circle coulombic efficiency (ICE) from 62% to 67%, and also had a significant improvement in the cycling performance. Therefore, treating waste biomass with hydrochloric acid is a direct and effective method to modify hard carbon and improve its electrochemical performance.
Oral health-related quality of life in children attending the pain service at the University Dental Clinic Vienna at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Ibraheem Ali Al , Dürsch Clara , Bekes Katrin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has become increasingly significant in dentistry. This study examines OHRQoL during the early COVID-19 pandemic in children aged 0–10 who visited the Emergency Unit of the Department of Paediatric Dentistry in Vienna from March to May 2020, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on various social and health aspects. Objectives: The study aimed to assess OHRQoL in children during early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and correlate it with other health and social conditions. Material & Methods: Children (up to 10 years) and their parents visiting the Emergency unit of the Department completed OHRQoL questionnaires. In children aged 0–6, their parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale questionnaire (ECOHIS), while 7-10-year-olds completed the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) by themselves. Summary scores and associations between oral and general health subdomains were analyzed. Results: Both the ECOHIS and CPQ groups showed high general summary scores, indicating decreased OHRQoL (ECOHIS 12.22 [± 8.68] and CPQ 18.36 [± 12.35]). The highest scores were in the "oral symptoms" domain, mainly due to "toothache." Significant correlations were observed between "general health" and "oral health" with the "family section" in the ECOHIS group, and between "oral health" and "oral symptoms" and "emotional well-being" in the CPQ group. Conclusions: During the pandemic, both age groups experienced decreased OHRQoL. Family background influenced oral health (ECOHIS), while oral symptoms and emotional well-being correlated with oral health (CPQ). Further research is needed to understand pandemic-related factors affecting OHRQoL and develop preventive strategies.
Rogue wave formation in the Agulhas current
Authors: PONS D. J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context: Harmonic summation and amplification by winds blowing contrary to currents are known contributions to rogue waves, but the causes of the observed wave steepness, asymmetric form, and non-breaking are poorly understood. The potential effect of bathymetric and meteorological features has not been addressed.
Method: Vortex theory was applied qualitatively to the weather and ocean conditions of the Agulhas region.
Results: Rogue wave formation is attributed to: (1) Wind lee vortices cause steepening of wave leeward face, and suppresses wave breaking. (2) Boundary layer vortices from the meteorological cold front transfer energy to the wind lee vortices thereby enhancing their wave sharpening effect. (3) Agulhas current boundary layer vortices interact with water lee vortices to accelerate a jet of water between them, thereby steepening the wave and enhancing the preceding trough. (4) Bathymetric topology, especially a canyon on the continental slope, generates a vortex in the Agulhas current. This vortex is detached from the canyon by prising of the coastal downwelling current (induced by the meteorological cold front), and combines with the water lee vortex to heighten the wave. (5) Jetting arises when the canyon vortex and the Agulhas current boundary layer vortices pass each other, thereby accentuating wave height, steepness, and asymmetry.
Conclusions: The novel contribution is the provision of a mechanism for rogue wave formation, using vortex theory, that conceptually integrates wave formation, Agulhas sea currents, bathymetric features including submarine canyons, and meteorological cold front weather systems.
Investigating Resilience Indicators of Urban Areas Against Earthquakes (case study: Qom City)
Authors: Vaseghi Zahra , Dehkordi Morteza Raissi , Amiri Gholamreza Ghodrati , Seilany Arian , Eghbali Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The primary purpose of this article is to measure urban resilience in earthquake-prone areas of Qom. The concept of resilience, its approaches, the selection of indicators, the description of the evaluation method for weighting the indicators, and the Implementation of the urban resilience index are presented. Atrachli's proposed model is based on resilience indicators, considering the city as a complex system with interacting parts. Urban resilience indicators quantitatively express the level of resilience. After developing the resilience index system, the presented indices were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This model was then implemented in the city of Qom, where the value of each index in the 3rd and 4th regions was determined based on a 5-step scale. Finally, using the suggested relationships, the overall level of urban resilience was calculated. The final urban resilience levels in Qom were estimated to be 0.29 for Area 3, and 0.39 for Area 4. In addition, experts' opinions were analyzed to determine their differences and impact on urban resilience. During the implementation of Atrachli's model in the selected regions, it was observed that Region 3 has buildings with high Vulnerability, narrow passages, and difficult access. Urban infrastructures are weak and vulnerable, residents are indifferent to building safety, and many structures are built without considering seismic and engineering regulations. The literacy and cultural levels could be higher than in Region 4, and people need to be trained against hazards and emergency responses. The results show that the width of the streets and main roads, the density, and the ratio of the height of the buildings to the width of the roads are important. location of the governorate's crisis management and the region's municipal building is also essential. A significant issue is that over 50% of the area's fabric is ineffective and worn out. The welfare level is average to low, contributing to the construction of weak houses. However, the area benefits from well-located hospitals, clinics, and fire stations.
Successful Pregnancy and Delivery After Detection of a Super Early Window of Implantation with Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA), A Case report.
Authors: Fujiki Hiromi , Nonaka Momoka , Sato Nanako , Sugita Atsuko , Murata Tomoko , Murata Yasutaka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: This is the first reported case of the world's shortest implantation window, where a blastocyst was transferred onto the endometrium during an extremely early implantation window identified by ERA, resulting in a successful pregnancy and birth.
Case presentation: A 35-year-old nulligravida, nullipara presented with a history of 10 failed timed intercourse cycles and 4 unsuccessful intrauterine inseminations (IUIs). The patient exhibited ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Despite initial ovarian stimulation and the retrieval of good-quality blastocysts, repeated embryo transfer attempts were either canceled due to inadequate endometrial thickness or resulted in implantation failure. Consequently, an Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA) was performed. Persistent ERA tests following repeated post-receptive results ultimately led to the detection of an unusually early window of implantation, occurring just 67 hours after progesterone exposure. ERA-guided embryo transfers enabled implantation, but repeated attempts resulted in miscarriage, chemical pregnancy, or failure to implant. After additional oocyte retrieval and 11 embryo transfer attempts, the patient ultimately achieved a successful pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby at term.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this case presents the earliest documented window of implantation with a subsequent live birth. It underscores the existence of scenarios where the timing of implantation may occur at unexpected intervals, significantly deviating from expectations based on prior knowledge and clinical experience. This case further highlights the importance and practical value of ERA in managing such cases.
Suicidal Behavior among Forensic Patients in Japan: Risk Factors and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Matsunaga Shota , Ando Kumiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose In Japan, the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act (MTSA) was enacted in 2005 to provide intensive interventions for forensic patients. Despite this, these individuals face considerable challenges with social reintegration and exhibit a higher suicide risk. Consequently, identifying risk factors for suicide among forensic patients is crucial. Despite the clear need, few studies have examined these risk factors in Japan.
Methods We compiled a near-comprehensive database covering 12 years of data on Japanese forensic outpatients. Using a generalized linear model (GLM), we investigated the relationship between suicidal behavior—including both attempted and completed suicides—and several variables. These variables included the outpatient pathway as defined by the law, psychiatric outpatient/inpatient treatment history, diagnoses of schizophrenia or mood disorder, type of crime committed, and type of victim involved.
Results Our analysis included data from 2,263 Japanese forensic outpatients. We observed suicidal behaviors in 6.9% of these patients, with 1.5% completing suicide. Risk factors for suicidal behavior included being a direct outpatient (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.34), having a history of outpatient treatment (OR = 1.92, 95 %CI: 1.07–3.48), and being arrested for arson (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.33–3.76). Conversely, a diagnosis of schizophrenia was linked to a decreased risk of suicidal behavior (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95).
Conclusion Given that forensic patients are at a higher risk of suicide compared to the general population, it is imperative to consider risk and protective factors when intervening with these individuals.
Engineering a broad-spectrum vaccine to combat emerging monkeypox virus via immunoinformatic approaches
Authors: Puagsopa Japigorn , Lohasupthawee Pana , Jumpalee Panuwid , Sutjaritvorakul Thanawat , Meksiriporn Bunyarit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused 41,664 confirmed cases and five deaths in nonendemic regions, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is an urgent demand for effective vaccines to combat and prevent the spread of MPXV. Traditional vaccine development is low-throughput, expensive, time-consuming, and susceptible to reversion to virulence. As an alternative, a reverse vaccination approach could be used as a promising tool for designing effective and safe vaccines against MPXV. Here, the associations of MPXV proteins with viral infection were analyzed for potential immunogenic epitopes to design multi-epitope vaccine constructs based on B cell, CD4+, and CD8+ epitopes. Epitopes were selected based on allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity parameters. The prioritized epitopes were then combined via peptide linkers and N-terminally fused to various protein adjuvants, including PADRE, beta-defensin 3, 50S ribosomal protein L7/12, RS-09, and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). All the vaccine constructs were further computationally validated for their physicochemical properties, antigenicity potential, allergenicity, safety, solubility, and structural stability. The three-dimensional structure of the selected construct was also predicted. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations between the vaccine and the TLR-4 immune receptor demonstrated a strong and stable interaction. The vaccine construct was codon-optimized for high expression in the E. coli platform and was ultimately cloned in silico into the pET21a(+) vector. Collectively, these results could lead to the use of innovative tools for vaccine formulation against MPXV and for the treatment of other infectious diseases.
Growth and Flowering Response of Lagurus (Lagurus ovatus L.) to Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Based Biostimulant and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Application
Authors: Manhas Ritika , Singh Arvinder , Laishram Nomita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lagurus (Lagurus ovatus L.) is an important ornamental annual grass with fluffy flower heads which are in high demand in dry flower industry. The stems of lagurus are frequently used in floral arrangements and dried flower crafts. The utility of this flower in the dry flower industry cannot be underrated. Despite the huge demand for this flower, the economic returns obtained from its sale are comparatively low which is mainly due to the production of short stems and smaller heads that fetch low prices in the market. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken with the key objectives of assessing the influence of different levels of seaweed extract containing Ascophyllum nodosum (control, 2ml L-1 and 4ml L-1) and GA3 (control, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, 350 ppm and 450 ppm) on the growth and flowering of gurus. The seaweed extract was applied as drench and was applied as foliar spray. A higher dose (4ml L-1) of seaweed extract performed superior in terms of plant spread, number of leaves, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, leaf area, chlorophyll content at 30,60 and 90 days after transplanting, days taken to flower bud initiation, days to flowering, number of inflorescences per plant, flower head length, weight of root, weight of shoot and root: shoot ratio and root length. On the contrary highest plant height and stem length was recorded without any seaweed extract and 450 ppm GA3 produced maximum plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, flag leaf length, leaf area, chlorophyll content at 30,60 and 90 days after transplanting, days to first flower bud initiation and days to flowering, number of inflorescences per plant, flower head length, stem length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root length. However, GA3 application of @ 350 ppm resulted in the highest root dry weight and root: shoot ratio while maximum flag leaf width (1.21 cm), root fresh weight was found with GA3@ 250 ppm. An increase in GA3 dose resulted in a linear increase in growth and flowering parameters.
Some Highly Potent Nepalese Medicinal Plants with Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Khanal Asmita , Shrestha Sabina , Adhikari Rameshwar 
Published: September 2024

:
In recent years, microbial infections have emerged as a serious global health problem, necessitating
the search for novel and effective treatments. Medicinal plants contain phytochemicals that can be used to prevent
and treat various infections. Traditional medicinal practices have long relied on the healing properties of
herbs, and Nepal is particularly rich in this knowledge. Bioactive compounds found in plants possess antibacterial,
antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them a valuable resource for the fight against microbial infections.
This review focuses on three medicinal plants native to Nepal, Amomum subulatum, Cymbopogon
jwarancusa, and Cinnamomum glaucescens, which contain potent antimicrobial phytochemicals. The traditional
uses, bioactive components, and biological activities of these plants are discussed, providing valuable insights
into their potential as natural remedies to combat microbial infections.
Purification and Kinetics of Chlorogenic Acid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Leaves by Macroporous Resins Combined with First-Principles
Calculation
Authors: Feng Zufei , Zhao Yan , Li Sijin , Hu Yangfan , Zou Yiming , Zhao Yingjuan , Yang Rong , Yang Yihui , Wu Na 
Published: September 2024

Background:
A simple and effective method to separate chlorogenic acid from Eucommia
ulmoides leaves with macroporous resin was studied in this paper.

Methods:
In order to optimize the separation process of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides
leaves, dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out on a glass column filled
with XDA-8 resin. Based on the First-principles calculation, the possible adsorption models were
simulated.

Results:
Among the six macroporous resins, XDA-8 showed good adsorption/desorption capacity
and a high adsorption/desorption ratio for chlorogenic acid. After being treated with XDA-8 resin
once, the content of chlorogenic acid from the extraction increased by 525%, and the recovery of
chlorogenic acid reached 85.36%.

Conclusion:
At 25°C, the adsorption behavior of chlorogenic acid on XDA-8 resin was consistent
with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, by calculating
the charge changes of the O atom at each position in the chlorogenic acid molecule and the H
atom at the adsorption site in polystyrene molecule with resin skeleton, and combining with the electron
cloud density distribution diagram of chlorogenic acid and resin skeleton, the adsorption of
chlorogenic acid by XDA-8 resin is mainly due to the charge transfer, which causes the electron
cloud to overlap.
In the Shadow of Medicine: The Glaring Absence of Occurrence Records of Human-Hosted Biodiversity
Authors: Poncet Rémy , Gargominy Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microbial diversity is vast, with bacteria playing a crucial role in human health. However, occurrence records (location, date, observer, and host interaction of human-associated bacteria) remain scarce. This lack of information hinders our understanding of human-microbe relationships and disease prevention. In this study, we show that existing solutions such as France’s Système d’Information sur le Patrimoine Naturel framework, can be used to efficiently collect and manage occurrence data on human-associated bacteria. This user-friendly system allows medical personnel to easily share and access data on bacterial pathogens. By adopting similar national infrastructures and treating human-associated bacteria as biodiversity data, we can significantly improve public health management and research, and our understanding of the One Health concept, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.
Development of Leadership Skills in Medical Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Chubaci Eliana Fazuoli , Costa Carlos Dario da Silva , Santos Neto Martins Fideles dos , dos Santos Emerson Roberto , Engel Ana Maria Rita Pedroso Vilela Torres de Carvalho , Costa Ana Caroline dos Santos , Silva Taisa Morete da , Cristóvão Helena Landin Gonçalves , Quitério Alex Bertolazzo , Lima Alba Regina de Abreu , Brienze Vânia Maria Sabadoto , Fácio Jr Fernando Nestor , André Júlio César 
Published: September 2024

Background
Leadership is recognized as an essential competency in health care and science, being central for professionals to face health challenges. Few physicians feel prepared to serve as leaders in the health care environment, and few receive training in the leadership skills needed to be successful. Teaching leadership skills together with extensive, longitudinal, clinical education in an authentic and nurturing environment can effectively develop students for leadership in medicine. Studies on the subject still do not show the best way to implement it in medical education, and an updated review is necessary.

Objective
The aim of this study is to identify the types of available evidence on the teaching of leadership skills in undergraduate courses in the health area, analyze them, determine knowledge gaps, and disseminate the research results.

Methods
This is a scoping review that will consider studies on leadership skills in medical and health undergraduate courses. Primary studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese since 2019 will be considered. The search will be performed in 8 databases, and reference lists will be searched for additional studies. Duplicates will be removed, and 2 independent reviewers will examine the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the selected studies. Data extraction will be performed using a tool developed by the researchers.

Results
The scoping review is currently in progress. The preliminary database search has been completed, yielding a total of 1213 articles across multiple databases. The next stages, including deduplication, title and abstract screening, and full-text review, are scheduled to be completed by December 2024. Data extraction and analysis are expected to be finalized by March 2025, with the final report anticipated to be ready for submission by June 2025.

Conclusions
This scoping review on leadership in the medical curriculum can significantly contribute to the literature by organizing and synthesizing the available evidence on teaching leadership skills in undergraduate courses in the health area. Furthermore, by analyzing evidence and identifying knowledge gaps, the study can provide valuable insights to develop more efficient and comprehensive medical education programs, thus preparing students to take on leadership roles in the complex environment of health care.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework YEXKB; https://osf.io/yexkb

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/62810