bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided piperacillin dosing in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Mohd Rozi Nazatul Adhwa , Mohd Tahir Nor Asyikin , Mohd Saffian Shamin , Makmor-Bakry Mohd , Mohamad Yusof Aliza , Mustafar Ruslinda , M Saud Muhammad Nordin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) complicates antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients due to altered pharmacokinetics. The optimal dosing of piperacillin remains unclear. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can personalize piperacillin therapy and improve outcomes.

Objectives
This review investigates the effects of TDM-guided piperacillin dosing on pharmacokinetic target attainment and clinical outcomes in CRRT patients, analyses correlations with clinical outcomes, provides optimal dosing strategies for piperacillin and identifies future research areas.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted until December 2023, identifying studies on piperacillin pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes in adult CRRT patients. Data on study characteristics, piperacillin exposures, TDM use, target attainment rates, mortality and length of stay were extracted. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results
Eleven observational studies were included. High pharmacokinetic variability was evident, with piperacillin target non-attainment in up to 74% of cases without TDM. Two studies with routine TDM showed increased target attainment rates of 80%–100%. Mortality ranged from 17% to 56%, with supratherapeutic concentrations (≥100 mg/L) associated with higher mortality. The impact of optimized piperacillin exposures on outcomes was inconclusive. Most studies demonstrated a low risk of bias.

Conclusions
TDM-guided piperacillin dosing in CRRT patients improved target attainment rates (≥80%). Mortality rates ranged from 17% to 56%, with inconsistent correlations between drug exposures and survival. Supratherapeutic concentrations were linked to higher mortality. Standardized TDM protocols are needed. Future research should establish clear exposure–response relationships and the impact of TDM on clinical outcomes.
Daily intake of household-produced milk kefir on Salmonella Typhimurium infection in C57BL/6 mice: mortality, microbiota modulation, and immunological implications
Authors: Albuquerque Pereira Mariana de Fátima , Morais de Ávila Larissa Gabriela , dos Santos Cruz Bruna Cristina , Almeida Lucas Filipe , Macedo Simões Jordana , Campos Silva Bruno , Pereira Aguilar Ananda , de Oliveira Leandro Licursi , Vilela Gonçalves Reggiani , Ribon Andréa de Oliveira Barros , Mendes Tiago Antônio de Oliveira , Gouveia Peluzio Maria do Carmo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Salmonellosis, a major global cause of diarrheal diseases, significantly impacts the intestinal microbiome. Probiotic-rich beverages, such as kefir, are increasingly utilized as alternative health-promoting beverages associated with various microbiota benefits. This study investigated the repercussions of daily consumption of household-produced milk kefir on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in C57BL-6 mice.

Methods and results
Kefir consumption pre-infection reduced the presence of inflammatory cells in the colon and altered the cytokine profile by reducing IL-10 and increasing IFN-γ. Despite reducing intestinal inflammation, kefir intake did not yield a prompt response to an acute infection caused by the aggressive pathogen Salmonella. This contributed to increased mortality in the mice, evidenced by higher fecal Salmonella counts post-infection. Metabarcoding analysis demonstrated that the use of kefir before infection increases butyric acid by the higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae families and genus in feces, coupled with an increase in Muribaculaceae family and Bacteroides genus among infected kefir-treated mice. While kefir hinted at microbiota alterations reducing enterobacteria (Helicobacter), decrease IL-10, and increased IFN-γ, butyric acid on pre-infection, the beverage potentially facilitated the systemic translocation of pathogens, intensifying the infection’s severity by altering the immune response.

Conclusions
The use of kefir in the dosage of 10% w/v (109 CFU), for acute infections with Salmonella Typhimurium, may not be enough to combat the infection and worsen the prognosis, leaving the intestine less inflamed, favoring the replication and translocation of the pathogen. These findings underscore the importance of prudently evaluating the widespread use of probiotics and probiotic-rich beverages, especially during acute infections, given their potential association with adverse effects during these diseases.
A blend of bacillus-fermented soybean meal, functional amino acids, and nucleotides improves nutrient digestibility, bolsters immune response, reduces diarrhea, and enhances growth performance in weaned piglets
Authors: Van Tran Thang , Kim Yang Su , Yun Hyeon Ho , Nguyen Dinh Hai , Bui Thom Thi , Van Tran Phung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a blend of bacillus-fermented soybean meal, functional amino acids, and nucleotides (Functional protein blend-FP Blend) as a replacement for animal protein sources in a weaner pig diet without antibiotic growth promoters on nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, diarrhea incidence, and growth performance. A total of 288 crossbred weaned piglets [♂ Duroc x ♀ (Yorkshire × Landrace)] with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.71 kg were randomly allocated to 6 groups based on initial BW and sex (8 replicate pens per treatment; 3 gilts and 3 barrows/pen). The experiment lasted for 5 wk. Dietary treatments included PC [standard diet with 3% fish meal (FM) and 2% plasma protein (PP)], NC (nonanimal protein, AP), T1 (3% FM replaced with 5% FP Blend), T2 (3% FM and 1% PP replaced with 5% FP Blend), T3 (2% PP replaced with 5% FP Blend), and T4 (3% FM and 2% PP replaced with 5% FP Blend). Data were analyzed using Minitab version 17 software. Key results indicated that FP Blend improved the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficient of dry matter, gross energy, lysine, and valine in T4 compared with NC treatment (P &lt; 0.05), whereas AID coefficient of crude protein and other amino acids remained constant (P &gt; 0.05). Compared with NC diet, the weaned pigs fed T4 diet reduced malondialdehyde, serum IL8, TNF-α, and increased IgG (P &lt; 0.05), while showing no effect on serum IL6, IL10, white blood cells, IgA, and endotoxin (P &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, FP blend significantly increased villus height in the duodenum and ileum in T4 compared with NC (P &lt; 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) was highest in T4 (502.73 g/d), followed by T1 (477.96 g/d) and T2 (475.85 g/d), compared with PC (450.86 g/d) and NC (439.79 g/d). T4’s ADG significantly differed from PC and NC (P &lt; 0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed in T1, T2, and T3 (P &gt; 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in T4 (1.45) compared with PC (1.57) and NC (1.59) (P &lt; 0.001), with no significant differences among other groups. In conclusion, FP Blend demonstrated efficacy in improving nutrient digestibility, optimizing intestinal morphology, bolstering immune responses, reducing diarrhea incidence, alleviating the adverse effects of weaning stress, and enhancing growth performance of weaned piglets.
Machine heuristic: concept explication and development of a measurement scale
Authors: Yang Hyun , Sundar S Shyam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human assumption of superior performance by machines has a long history, resulting in the concept of “machine heuristic” (MH), which is a mental shortcut that individuals apply to automated systems. This article provides a formal explication of this concept and develops a new scale based on three studies (Combined N = 1129). Measurement items were derived from the explication and an open-ended survey (Study 1, N = 270). These were then administered in a closed-ended survey (Study 2, N = 448) to identify their dimensionality through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Lastly, we conducted another survey (Study 3, N = 411) to verify the factor structure obtained in Study 2 by employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Analyses resulted in a validated scale of seven items that reflect the level of MH in individuals and identified six sets of descriptive labels for machines (expert, efficient, rigid, superfluous, fair, and complex) that serve as formative indicators of MH. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Anemia in patients with cartilage hair hypoplasia: a narrative review and recommendations
Authors: Lewandowska Natalia , Ordak Michal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH) can lead to the development of anemia as a possible complication of this rare genetic disease. Despite various publications on anemia in CHH patients, a comprehensive review on this topic has not been conducted. This article reviews publications on anemia in CHH patients published from 1981 to 2022. Most authors have reported macrocytic anemia and blood transfusion as a common treatment approach in this patient group. Recommended guidelines for managing anemia in CHH patients include iron chelation therapy for those requiring multiple blood transfusions, regular assessment of anemia symptoms, red blood cell parameters, and immune system function. Future studies should evaluate the erythroid system in a larger cohort of CHH patients, considering key factors such as concurrent illnesses, age, height, and weight.
Exploring Digital Zoom in Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Brake Gary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The concept of zoom in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) once referred to increasing the magnification of the sample by reducing the scanned field size. However, with the introduction of digital technology, the concept of zooming has become a little more complicated. Historically, older SEMs operated at a 512 × 512-pixel lateral resolution (262 kB pixel density) at TV scan rates. Today's newest SEMs can achieve up to 32k × 24k (4:3 ratio) pixel lateral resolution, equating to an 805 MB pixel density. In this article, we explore the factors involved in selecting an appropriate frame grabber size for SEM imaging. Specifically, we will delve into the implications of pixel density, including its impact on digital zoom capabilities, image file sizes, and overall image acquisition times.
Experiences of transgender migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Armenia, and Uzbekistan living in Russia
Authors: Kirey-Sitnikova Yana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite Russia being a major migrant-receiving country, it does not receive adequate attention in international literature, especially in relation to migrants belonging to marginalized groups. Based on interviews with seventeen transgender (trans) migrants from Central Asia and the South Caucasus with an experience of living in Russia, the study revealed the complex intersections between transphobia, migrantophobia, racism, and whorephobia. The migrants faced profound workplace discrimination and suffered from police and ultra-right groups. Cisgender migrants caring for the prestige of their nation and trans migrant sex workers striving to annihilate competitors were described as additional threats. Russian trans/LGBT organizations were reported to be difficult to access and their priorities differed from those of migrants. Despite these challenges, the respondents found Russia to be a more tolerant country than their home countries and benefited from migration in terms of possibilities to express their gender identity and earn higher income. The discussion section uses these data to compare transition in the sex/gender and geographical spaces.
Notes on the general relativistic viscous ringed disk evolution
Authors: Pugliese D , Stuchlík Z , Karas V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A ringed accretion disk (RAD) models a cluster of axi-symmetric co-rotating and/or counter-rotating tori orbiting in the equatorial plane of a central Kerr super-massive Black Hole. We discuss the time evolution of such a ringed disk within the general relativity framework. Our analysis presents a study of the evolving RAD properties using a thin-disk scheme and solving a diffusion-like evolution equation for a RAD in the Kerr spacetime. In the first stage of evolution there is the inter–disk interaction where the individual rings spread inwardly and outwardly, levelling the structure and forming a single distribution with maximum density determined by the initial spread of the component rings. Timescales are dependent on viscosity prescriptions. The early time luminosity, dominated by the dynamics of the inner ringed structure, shows a clear mark of the inner ringed structure. The RAD eventually reaches a single disk phase, building accretion to the inner edge regulated by the inner edge boundary conditions. The late–time luminosity associated to the ringed disk follows a power law decline for the final single disk. In the sideline of this analysis we also considered a modified prescription mimicking an effective turbulent viscosity in the early phases of the rings evolutions.
The radius distribution of M dwarf-hosted planets and its evolution
Authors: Gaidos Eric , Ali Aleezah , Kraus Adam L , Rowe Jason F 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
M dwarf stars are the most promising hosts for detection and characterization of small and potentially habitable planets, and provide leverage relative to solar-type stars to test models of planet formation and evolution. Using Gaia astrometry, adaptive optics imaging, and calibrated gyrochronologic relations to estimate stellar properties and filter binaries, we refined the radii of 117 Kepler objects of interest (confirmed or candidate planets) transiting 74 single late K-type and early M-type stars, and assigned stellar rotation-based ages to 113 of these. We constructed the radius distribution of 115 small (${\lt} 4\, {\rm R}_{\rm{\oplus}}$) planets and assessed their evolution. As for solar-type stars, the inferred distribution contains distinct populations of ‘super-Earths’ (at ${\sim} 1.3 \, {\rm R}_{\rm{\oplus}}$) and ‘sub-Neptunes’ (at ${\sim} 2.2 \, {\rm R}_{\rm{\oplus}}$) separated by a gap or ‘valley’ at ${\approx} 1.7 \, {\rm R}_{\rm{\oplus}}$ that has a period dependence that is significantly weaker (power-law index of −0.03$^{+0.01}_{-0.03}$) than for solar-type stars. Sub-Neptunes are largely absent at short periods (${\lt} 2 \, {\rm d}$) and high irradiance, a feature analogous to the ‘Neptune desert’ observed around solar-type stars. The relative number of sub-Neptunes to super-Earths declines between the younger and older halves of the sample (median age 3.86 Gyr), although the formal significance is low ($p = 0.08$) because of the small sample size. The decline in sub-Neptunes appears to be more pronounced on wider orbits and low stellar irradiance. This is not due to detection bias and suggests a role for H2O as steam in inflating the radii of sub-Neptunes and/or regulating the escape of H/He from them.
A transcription-independent role for HIF-1α in modulating microprocessor assembly
Authors: Li Jie-Ning , Wang Ming-Yang , Ruan Jhen-Wei , Lyu Yu-Jhen , Weng Yi-Hsiu , Brindangnanam Pownraj , Coumar Mohane Selvaraj , Chen Pai-Sheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microprocessor is an essential nuclear complex responsible for the initial RNase-mediated cleavage of primary miRNA, which is a tightly controlled maturation process that requires the proper assembly of Drosha and DGCR8. Unlike previously identified mechanisms directly targeting the enzymatic subunit Drosha, current knowledge about the biological ways of controlling miRNA nuclear maturation through DGCR8 is less addressed. In this study, we unveiled that the microprocessor assembly is governed by a master gene regulator HIF-1α irrespective of its canonical transcriptional activity. First, a widespread protein binding of HIF-1α with DGCR8 instead of Drosha was observed in response to biological stimulations. Similar protein interactions between their corresponding orthologues in model organisms were also observed. After dissecting the essential protein domains, we noticed that HIF-1α suppresses microprocessor assembly via binding to DGCR8. Furthermore, our results showed that HIF-1α hijacks monomeric DGCR8 thus reducing its dimer formation prior to microprocessor assembly, and consequently, the suppressed microprocessor formation and nuclear processing of primary miRNA were demonstrated. In conclusion, here we unveiled the mechanism of how microprocessor assembly is regulated by HIF-1α, which not only demonstrates a non-transcriptional function of nuclear HIF-1α but also provides new molecular insights into the regulation of microprocessor assembly through DGCR8.
Health-related quality of life in patients with progressive glioblastoma treated with combined bevacizumab and lomustine versus lomustine only: Secondary outcome of the randomized phase III EORTC 26101 study
Authors: Dirven Linda , Machingura Abigirl , van den Bent Martin J , Coens Corneel , Bottomley Andrew , Brandes Alba A , Domont Julien , Idbaih Ahmed , Koekkoek Johan A F , Reijneveld Jaap C , Platten Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Taphoorn Martin J B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Progression-free survival, but not overall survival, was prolonged with bevacizumab and lomustine compared to lomustine only in the randomized phase 3 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 26101 study.

Objective
To evaluate the impact of treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in progressive glioblastoma patients participating in the EORTC 26101 study.

Methods
Patients with progressive glioblastoma, after standard radio-chemotherapy, were 2:1 randomized to either BEV/LOM or LOM. HRQoL was a secondary trial outcome and assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 questionnaires at baseline, and subsequently every 12 weeks. Predefined scales for analysis were global health status (GH), physical functioning, social functioning (SF), motor dysfunction, and communication deficit. The primary endpoint was HRQoL during the last assessment up to week 36. Moreover, time to HRQoL deterioration (TTD) and HRQoL deterioration-free survival (DFS) were calculated.

Results
Out of 437 patients, 402 (92%) patients had a baseline HRQoL assessment, which dropped to 66% at week 36. During the last assessment up to week 36, no differences were observed for predefined scales, apart from SF being clinically relevant lower in the combination arm (mean 66.0 versus 81.0, p = .001). Of note, the baseline SF score was 66.4 for patients in the combination arm, showing stable SF. Median DFS was significantly longer in the combination arm (12.4 weeks) compared to lomustine alone (6.7 weeks), reflecting the difference in time to progression between arms. TTD, not including progression as an event, was not different between treatment arms (median 13.0 versus 12.9 weeks).

Conclusion
The addition of bevacizumab to lomustine did not negatively affect HRQoL during the progression-free period.
Membrane protein provision controls prothylakoid biogenesis in tobacco etioplasts
Authors: Li Bingqi , Armarego-Marriott Tegan , Kowalewska Łucja , Thiele Wolfram , Erban Alexander , Ruf Stephanie , Kopka Joachim , Schöttler Mark Aurel , Bock Ralph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The cytochrome b559 heterodimer is a conserved component of photosystem II whose physiological role in photosynthetic electron transfer is enigmatic. A particularly puzzling aspect of cytochrome b559 has been its presence in etiolated seedlings, where photosystem II is absent. Whether or not the cytochrome has a specific function in etioplasts is unknown. Here, we have attempted to address the function of cytochrome b559 by generating transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that overexpress psbE and psbF, the plastid genes encoding the 2 cytochrome b559 apoproteins. We show that strong overaccumulation of the PsbE apoprotein can be achieved in etioplasts by suitable manipulations of the promoter and the translation signals, while the cytochrome b559 level is only moderately elevated. The surplus PsbE protein causes striking ultrastructural alterations in etioplasts; most notably, it causes a condensed prolamellar body and a massive proliferation of prothylakoids, with multiple membrane layers coiled into spiral-like structures. Analysis of plastid lipids revealed that increased PsbE biosynthesis strongly stimulated plastid lipid biosynthesis, suggesting that membrane protein abundance controls prothylakoid membrane biogenesis. Our data provide evidence for a structural role of PsbE in prolamellar body formation and prothylakoid biogenesis and indicate that thylakoid membrane protein abundance regulates lipid biosynthesis in etioplasts.
The transcription factor CAMTA2 interacts with the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 and regulates grain weight in wheat
Authors: Zhang Ruijie , An Kexin , Gao Yujiao , Zhang Zhaoheng , Zhang Xiaobang , Zhang Xue , Rossi Vincenzo , Cao Yuan , Xiao Jun , Xin Mingming , Du Jinkun , Hu Zhaorong , Liu Jie , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Yao Yingyin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Grain weight and size are major traits targeted in breeding to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Here, we find that the histone acetyltransferase GENERAL CONTROL NONDEREPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5) physically interacts with the calmodulin-binding transcription factor CAMTA2 and regulates wheat grain size and weight. gcn5 mutant grains were smaller and contained less starch. GCN5 promoted the expression of the starch biosynthesis genes SUCROSE SYNTHASE 2 (Sus2) and STARCH-BRANCHING ENZYME Ic (SBEIc) by regulating H3K9ac and H3K14ac levels in their promoters. Moreover, immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry (IP–MS) revealed that CAMTA2 physically interacts with GCN5. The CAMTA2–GCN5 complex activated Sus2 and SBEIc by directly binding to their promoters and depositing H3K9ac and H3K14ac marks during wheat endosperm development. camta2 knockout mutants exhibited similar phenotypes to gcn5 mutants, including smaller grains that contained less starch. In gcn5 mutants, transcripts of high-molecular-weight (HMW) Glutenin (Glu) genes were downregulated, leading to reduced HMW glutenin protein levels, gluten content, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume. However, the association of GCN5 with Glu genes was independent of CAMTA2, since GCN5 enrichment on Glu promoters was unchanged in camta2 knockouts. Finally, we identified a CAMTA2-AH3 elite allele that corresponded with enhanced grain size and weight, serving as a candidate gene for breeding wheat varieties with improved grain weight.