bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choroidal Changes in Anisometropic and Strabismic Children With Unilateral Amblyopia
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , Fattah Maamoun Abdul , Ismail Karine , Bashshur Ziad 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To detect changes in the choroidal layer at the macular area in amblyopic eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study of 50 amblyopic patients (20 strabismic and 30 anisometropic) and 50 controls was done. Cross-sectional images using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) were taken. Thicknesses were measured subfoveally and at 1,500 µm nasally, temporally, inferiorly, and superiorly. Submacular corresponding choroidal areas were also computed. Parameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and controls.

RESULTS:
Significantly thicker choroid was detected in the subfoveal, temporal, and nasal locations (P = .007, .009, and .01, respectively) in amblyopic compared to fellow eyes; areas were also significantly greater temporally, nasally, and inferiorly. Significant differences in all choroidal measurements were found between amblyopic eyes and controls; these persisted only in the anisometropic subgroup.

CONCLUSION:
Using enhanced depth OCT, the choroid of amblyopic eyes was observed to be thicker compared to normal fellow eyes and controls.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:900–907.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Features in Diabetic Macular Edema and the Impact on Anti-VEGF Response
Authors: Itoh Yuji , Petkovsek Daniel , Kaiser Peter K. , Singh Rishi P. , Ehlers Justis P. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the relationship between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features and functional outcomes for diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Institutional review board-approved, retrospective, consecutive case series of eyes receiving intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) for DME. SD-OCT features were evaluated and correlated with functional response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty-nine eyes of 159 subjects were included in this study. Mean visual acuity improved from 20/76 to 20/58. The proportion of eyes with 20/40 or greater visual acuity increased with treatment (35% at initial visit, 51% at final visit). SD-OCT factors that were associated with functional outcomes to anti-VEGF therapy include ellipsoid zone integrity and severity of intraretinal fluid.

CONCLUSION:
SD-OCT features appear to provide important markers for functional response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:908–913.]
Value of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Cakir Bertan , Evers Charlotte , Ludwig Franziska , Lange Clemens A.K. , Agostini Hansjürgen T. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides new insights into the retinal vasculature. The aim of this study was to explore the value of OCTA in imaging retinal hemangioblastomas and monitoring laser treatment in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Ten eyes of 10 patients with VHL disease were included in this retrospective case series. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological work-up including OCTA for retinal and optic nerve head hemangioblastoma.

RESULTS:
Two patients showed retinal scars and no recurrence of hemangioblastoma in OCTA. Three patients revealed recurrent hemangioblastomas. Two patients demonstrated a new hemangioblastoma. Three patients showed hemangioblastomas of the optic nerve head. Successful laser photocoagulation could be monitored with OCTA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Screening for retinal hemangioblastomas with OCTA alone is not possible. OCTA may help to distinguish hemangioblastomas and other lesions in VHL disease, especially after treatment and allows the differentiation from harmless non-vascular lesions in questionable cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:935–946.]
Analysis of Scleral Feeder Vessel in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Louzada Ricardo Noguera , Ferrara Daniela , Novais Eduardo Amorim , Moult Eric , Cole Emily , Lane Mark , Fujimoto James , Duker Jay S. , Baumal Caroline R. 
Published: October 2016

To describe the appearance of a scleral-derived feeder vessel in a highly myopic eye with secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) as visualized on both en face high-speed swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) prototype, and a commercially available spectral-domain (SD) OCTA, with the corresponding en face and cross-sectional structural OCT images. In this case report, a 60-year-old white male presented with high myopia and secondary CNV in the right eye, previously treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, and was imaged on both SD-OCT and SS-OCT. The neovascular complex could be visualized on both devices. Structural en face SS-OCT images demonstrated a large choroidal-scleral feeder vessel that was not visualized with SD-OCT. The authors concluded that structural en face SS-OCT better visualizes scleral feeder vessel compared to SD-OCT due to the longer wavelength (∼1,050 nm) with increased choroidal penetration and decreased sensitivity roll-off in the SS-OCT system.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:960–964.]
Use of Family CAGE-AID questionnaire to screen the family members for diagnosis of substance dependence
Authors: Basu Debasish , Ghosh Abhishek , Hazari Nandita , Parakh Preeti 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
CAGE-AID questionnaire is a short, useful screening tool for substance dependence. Assessment of one family member for the screening of substance dependence in the family could be useful in clinical practice and research. In this study, we aimed to assess the validity of the Family CAGE-AID questionnaire for the diagnosis of substance dependence.

Methods:
Cross-sectional assessments using CAGE-AID and Family CAGE-AID questionnaires were conducted both for the study participants (n = 210) and their family members. The participants were recruited from two different treatment settings: a treatment seeking population from a de-addiction centre, and non-treatment seekers for substance use disorders from the psychiatry outpatient department. ICD-10 criteria and subsequent detailed clinical interview by a trained psychiatrist were used for the final diagnosis of substance dependence.

Results:
In the psychiatry outpatient group, the scores on CAGE-AID and Family CAGE-AID questionnaires were significantly correlated with the ICD-10 symptom score (r=0.81 and 0.70, respectively). In the same group, inter-rater agreement of the Family CAGE-AID was good with CAGE-AID and moderate with ICD-10 diagnosis of substance dependence (Cohen's kappa 0.78 and 0.61, respectively). A cut-off score of three on Family CAGE-AID was found to be 95·8 per cent sensitive and 100 per cent specific.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Family CAGE-AID questionnaire is a valid screening instrument for the diagnosis of substance dependence, with acceptable sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off score of three. The simplicity and the brevity of such an instrument can be valuable in the clinical settings of developing countries and also for epidemiological studies.
Aetiology, outcomes & predictors of mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome from a tertiary care centre in north India
Authors: Sharma Surendra K. , Gupta Anunay , Biswas Ashutosh , Sharma Abhishek , Malhotra Atul , Prasad K.T. , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Ajmani Sajal , Mishra Hridesh , Soneja Manish , Broor Shobha 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common disorder in critically ill patients and is associated with high mortality. There is a paucity of literature on this condition from developing countries. This prospective observational study was designed to find out the aetiology, outcomes and predictors of mortality in ARDS.

Methods:
Sixty four consecutive patients who satisfied American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) definition of ARDS from medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India, were enrolled in the study. Demographic, biochemical and ventilatory variables were recorded for each patient. Baseline measurements of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), procalcitonin (PCT) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were performed.

Results:
Common causes of ARDS included pneumonia [44/64 (68.7%)], malaria [9/64 (14.1%)] and sepsis [8/64 (12.5%]. Eight of the 64 (12.5%) patients had ARDS due to viral pneumonia. The 28-day mortality was 36/64 (56.2%). Independent predictors of mortality included non-pulmonary organ failure, [Hazard ratio (HR) 7.65; 95% CI 0.98-59.7, P=0.05], Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS-II) [HR 2.36; 95% CI 1.14-4.85, P=0.02] and peak pressure (P
peak) [HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.00-1.30, P = 0.04] at admission.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Bacterial and viral pneumonia, malaria and tuberculosis resulted in ARDS in a considerable number of patients. Independent predictors of mortality included non-pulmonary organ failure, SAPS II score and P
peak at baseline. Elevated levels of biomarkers such as TNF-α, PCT and hsCRP at admission might help in identifying patients at a higher risk of mortality.
Presence of acute hepatitis D infection in HBsAg positive cancer patients
Authors: Patel Foram Maulin , Goswami Parijath N. 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is well known to induce a spectrum of acute and chronic liver diseases. There has been global decline in the prevalence of hepatitis D infection. The aim of the present study was to know the presence of acute HDV infection among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive cancer patients.

Methods:
A total of 5043 samples were subjected for routine testing of HBV, HIV and HCV by ELISA method. Further, 150 HbsAg positive samples were tested for HDV IgM detection by ELISA method.

Results:
Of the 5043 blood samples tested in the laboratory, 150 (2.97%) were positive for HBsAg. HDV IgM was negative in all HbsAg positive samples.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Acute infection by HDV (IgM detection) was not present in HBsAg positive cancer patients. Further studies on a large number of patients in different regions are required to confirm our preliminary findings.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia in Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Stöllberger Claudia 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesArrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a rare, genetic disorder predominantly affecting the right ventricle. There is increasing evidence that in some cases, ARVD is due to mutations in genes, which have also been implicated in primary myopathies. This review gives an overview about myopathy-associated ARVD and how these patients can be managed.MethodsA literature review was done using appropriate search terms.ResultsThe myopathy, which is most frequently associated with ARVD, is the myofibrillar myopathy due to desmin mutations. Only in a single patient, ARVD was described in myotonic dystrophy type 1. However, there are a number of genes causing either myopathy or ARVD. These genes include lamin A/C, ZASP/cypher, transmembrane protein-43, titin, and the ryanodine receptor-2 gene. Diagnosis and treatment are identical for myopathy-associated ARVD and nonmyopathy-associated ARVD.ConclusionsPatients with primary myopathy due to mutations in the desmin, dystrophia myotonica protein kinase, lamin A/C, ZASP/cypher, transmembrane protein-43, titin, or the ryanodine receptor-2 gene should be screened for ARVD. Patients carrying a pathogenic variant in any of these genes should undergo annual cardiological investigations for cardiac function and arrhythmias.
An AMG Preconditioner for Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations with a Moving Mesh Finite Element Method
Authors: Wu Yirong , Wang Heyu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAMG preconditioners are typically designed for partial differential equation solvers and divergence-interpolation in a moving mesh strategy. Here we introduce an AMG preconditioner to solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations by a moving mesh finite element method. A 4P1 –P1 element pair is selected based on the data structure of the hierarchy geometry tree and two-layer nested meshes in the velocity and pressure. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of our approach.
The Social-Economic Impediments to Kidnapping Eradication in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Oyemwinmina Christopher , Osazuwa Aghasagbon John 
Published: October 2016

Many families had gone through the trauma of being guests of Kidnappers. Apart from paying hefty ransom, many of the victims did not live to tell their stories. Since 2007, Nigeria has witness increased increasingly spate of kidnapping in the South, particularly South-South and South-East geo-political zones. In spite of the security agencies investment in intelligence gathering to get advance information to nip their activities in the bud and also the formation of the various special Task Force on kidnapping, the business still strives. This paper examined the Social-economic factors hindering the abolition of this illicit business in the southern Nigeria. The sources of data is secondary. It was discovered that the menace has been on the increase due to its lucrative nature of the business people pay ransom to get their relative released, and this encourages the crime to thrive, that unemployment, corruption, poverty, leadership failure and loss of societal value are the major obstacle to its eradication. The following recommendations were made: Any political or public office holder caught conniving with kidnappers should be relieved of their position. There should be effective governance that enhances improved standard of living for the people, by providing employment, and ensuring adequate security of lives and properties.Key Words: Kidnapping, values. Unemployment, poverty, victims
How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on
the Earth's surface?
Authors: Kodera Kunihiko , Thiéblemont Rémi , Yukimoto Seiji , Matthes Katja 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. To understand solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface and identify the physical mechanisms responsible, surface temperature variations from observations as well as climate model data are analysed to characterize their spatial structure. The solar signal in the annual mean surface temperature is characterized by (i) mid-latitude warming and (ii) no overall tropical warming. The mid-latitude warming during solar maxima in both hemispheres is associated with a downward penetration of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the upper stratosphere during late winter. During the Northern Hemisphere winter this is manifested by a modulation of the polar-night jet, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere, the upper stratospheric subtropical jet plays the major role. Warming signals are particularly apparent over the Eurasian continent and ocean frontal zones, including a previously reported lagged response over the North Atlantic. In the tropics, local warming occurs over the Indian and central Pacific oceans during high solar activity. However, this warming is counterbalanced by cooling over the cold tongue sectors in the southeastern Pacific and the South Atlantic, and results in a very weak zonally averaged tropical mean signal. The cooling in the ocean basins is associated with stronger cross-equatorial winds resulting from a northward shift of the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation during solar maxima. To understand the complex processes involved in the solar signal transfer, results of an idealized middle atmosphere–ocean coupled model experiment on the impact of stratospheric zonal wind changes are compared with solar signals in observations. Model integration of 100 years of strong or weak stratospheric westerly jet condition in winter may exaggerate long-term ocean feedback. However, the role of ocean in the solar influence on the Earth's surface can be better seen. Although the momentum forcing differs from that of solar radiative forcing, the model results suggest that stratospheric changes can influence the troposphere, not only in the extratropics but also in the tropics through (i) a downward migration of wave–zonal mean flow interactions and (ii) changes in the stratospheric mean meridional circulation. These experiments support earlier evidence of an indirect solar influence from the stratosphere.
Detection of seasonal cycles of erosion processes in a black marl gully from
a time series of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs)
Authors: Bechet Jacques , Duc Julien , Loye Alexandre , Jaboyedoff Michel , Mathys Nicolle , Malet Jean-Philippe , Klotz Sébastien , Le Bouteiller Caroline , Rudaz Benjamin , Travelletti Julien 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Roubine catchment located in the experimental research station of Draix-Bléone (south French Alps) is situated in Callovo-Oxfordian black marls, a lithology particularly prone to erosion and weathering processes. For 30 years, this small watershed (0.13 ha) has been monitored for analysing hillslope processes on the scale of elementary gullies. Since 2007, surface changes have been monitored by comparing high-resolution digital elevation models (HRDEMs) produced from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The objectives are (1) to detect and (2) to quantify the sediment production and the evolution of the gully morphology in terms of sediment availability/transport capacity vs. rainfall and runoff generation. Time series of TLS observations have been acquired periodically based on the seasonal runoff activity with a very high point cloud density ensuring a resolution of the digital elevation model (DEM) on the centimetre scale. The topographic changes over a time span of 2 years are analysed. Quantitative analyses of the seasonal erosion activity and of the sediment fluxes show and confirm that during winter, loose regolith is created by mechanical weathering, and it is eroded and accumulates in the rills and gullies. Because of limited rainfall intensity in spring, part of the material is transported in the main gullies, which are assumed to be a transport-limited erosion system. In the late spring and summer the rainfall intensities increase, allowing the regolith, weathered and accumulated in the gullies and rills during the earlier seasons, to be washed out. Later in the year the catchment acts as a sediment-limited system because no more loose regolith is available. One interesting result is the fact that in the gullies the erosion–deposition processes are more active around the slope angle value of 35°, which probably indicates a behaviour close to dry granular material. It is also observed that there exist thresholds for the rainfall events that are able to trigger significant erosion; they are above 9 mm rainfall or of an intensity of more than 1 mm min−1, values which can vary if antecedent precipitation is significant within the last 5 days.This study improves knowledge of the spatial distribution of erosion seasonality in badlands and demonstrates the potential of careful 3-D high-resolution topography using TLS to improve the understanding of erosive processes.
The Welfare Legend Tradition in Online and Off-Line Contexts
Authors: Mould Tom 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWidespread contemporary legends assumed to be “everywhere” pose distinct methodological challenges to documenting living traditions in context. Welfare legends, for example, have persisted in the United States since before the 1960s, yet no vernacular texts exist in scholarly publication. This paper examines the vernacular tradition of welfare legends in face-to-face and online contexts in order to advocate for specific methodological strategies for collecting and analyzing widespread contemporary legends; to examine the boundaries, core claims, performance contexts, and uses of welfare legends in vernacular discourse; and ultimately to suggest a more inclusive approach to the study of contemporary legends.
Folklore and Education: A Short History of a Long Endeavor
Authors: Pryor Anne , Bowman Paddy 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Not all sub-fields in folklore leave the same type of scholarly footprints as evidence of their impact. For the area of folklore and education, the majority of scholarly media produced by the field is found in what is classified as “grey literature.” Examining the broad range of scholarly materials produced in folklore and education fills in a portrait of a robust field meagerly represented in the Journal of American Folklore.
Respuestas faciales ante imágenes de advertencia de tabaco
Authors: Muñoz Miguel Ángel , Gantiva C. , Ciria L. F. 
Published: October 2016

ResumenEn 2003, la Comisión Europea propuso una serie de advertencias visuales para ser incluidas en los embalajes de tabaco, con el objetivo de motivar a los fumadores a dejar de fumar y promover actitudes negativas hacia el tabaco. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de las advertencias sanitarias mediante autoinformes y medidas psicofisiológicas. Cincuenta sujetos sanos (19-23 años) visionaron un conjunto de treinta y seis imágenes de diferente contenido emocional y veinticuatro del banco de imágenes preventivas propuestas por la Comisión Europea. Se registró la actividad eléctrica de los músculos cigomático mayor y corrugador mientras los sujetos visionaban estas imágenes. A continuación, los participantes evaluaban las imágenes en las dimensiones de agradabilidad y activación. Los resultados muestran una mayor actividad eléctrica del musculo corrugador ante la presentación de imágenes desagradables comparadas con advertencias desagradables incluidas en los paquetes de tabaco. Estos resultados sugieren que la campaña preventiva podría beneficiarse de imágenes preventivas más impactantes, promoviendo así la activación del sistema motivacional evitativo/defensivo. AbstractIn 2003, the European Commission proposed a series of visual warnings to be included on the packaging of tobacco, with the target of motivating smokers to quit and promoting negative attitudes toward tobacco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of health warnings by self-report and psychophysiological measures. Fifty healthy subjects (19-23 years) visualized thirty-six images of different emotional content and twenty-four from the bank of preventative images of the European Commission. The electrical activity of the zygomatic major and corrugator muscles was recorded while subjects were visualizing these images. Participants evaluated the images in the dimensions of pleasantness and activation. The results show a major corrugator muscle electrical activity before the presentation of unpleasant images compared with unpleasant warnings on the packages of tobacco. These results suggest that preventive campaign could benefit from more shocking preventive images, promoting activation avoidant / defensive motivational system