bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmers’ Water Management Practice and Effective Rainfall and Runoff Ratio of Paddy Fields
Authors: Choi Dong‐Ho , Jung Jae‐Woon , Yoon Kwang‐Sik , Baek Won‐Jin , Choi Woo‐Jung 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEffective rainfall, which is used in paddy fields under farmers’ current water management practices, was monitored during the 2008–2012 period in southern Korea. The two paddy fields (HY and JS) studied have an area of 13.69 and 8.06 ha, respectively and are composed of several paddy plots separated by irrigation canals and drains. At the HY site, the effective rainfall ranged from 446 to 794 mm and averaged 567 mm. At the JS site, effective rainfall ranged from 288 to 553 mm and averaged 426 mm. Approximately 64 and 45% of the rainfall for HY and JS, respectively, was used for crop growing in the paddy fields. These amounts were less than the recommended rainwater harvesting criteria in Korea. Since the height of the bund for each paddy plot is approximately 100–300 mm, the plots have sufficient space to hold rainfall; despite this, the field data indicate that rainfall was not used efficiently. This study confirms that farmers have little incentive to use rainfall effectively for rice paddy culture because they can use irrigation water at no charge. Some measures, such as water pricing, incentives for rainwater harvesting, improvement of drainage facilities, and further monitoring of water‐use practices need to be adopted to improve water management efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Irrigation Volume and Saline Water On Maize Yield and Soil in Southern Italy
Authors: Leogrande Rita , Vitti Carolina , Lopedota Ornella , Ventrella Domenico , Montemurro Francesco 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in southern Italy to investigate the effects of irrigation and salinity on a maize crop and soil properties. The experiment was laid out comparing different irrigation rates (I1, I2, I3—re‐establishing 50, 75 and 100% of the calculated maximum evapotranspiration) and water quality (FW, fresh water and SW, saline water).Grain yield was significantly greater by 60% in 2008 than in 2010. No significant difference was shown for grain yield between the irrigation treatments, whereas water productivity decreased significantly with increasing irrigation rates. Irrigation with saline water did not significantly reduce grain yield compared with fresh water, but it improved grain quality with higher protein content (9.1%) and lower grain moisture percentage (13.3%).Saline water determined a significant increase of saturated soil paste extract Na, ECe, SAR, some exchangeable cations and ESP compared with FW in both years. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment these parameters were lower than those at the end of the first maize crop. Lastly, in the saline treatment, at the end of the trial, the ECe and ESP values were below the critical threshold for soil salinization and/or sodification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐conditioning with near infrared photobiomodulation reduces inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress in cochlear hair cells
Authors: Bartos Adam , Grondin Yohann , Bortoni Magda E. , Ghelfi Elisa , Sepulveda Rosalinda , Carroll James , Rogers Rick A. 
Published: January 2016

Hearing loss is a serious occupational health problem worldwide. Noise, aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs induce hearing loss through changes in metabolic functions resulting in sensory cell death in the cochlea. Metabolic sequelae from noise exposure increase production of nitric oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) contributing to higher levels of oxidative stress beyond the physiologic threshold levels of intracellular repair. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a light treatment involving endogenous chromophores commonly used to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. Near infrared light (NIR) from Light Emitting Diodes (LED) at 810 nm wavelength were used as a biochemical modulator of cytokine response in cultured HEI‐OC1 auditory cells placed under oxidative stress. Results reported here show that NIR PBM at 810 nm, 30 mW/cm2, 100 seconds, 1.0 J, 3 J/cm2 altered mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress response for up to 24 hours post treatment. We report a decrease of inflammatory cytokines and stress levels resulting from NIR applied to HEI‐OC1 auditory cells before treatment with gentamicin or lipopolysaccharide. These results show that cells pretreated with NIR exhibit reduction of proinflammatory markers that correlate with inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide, ROS and NO in response to continuous oxidative stress challenges. Non‐invasive biomolecular down regulation of proinflammatory intracellular metabolic pathways and suppression of oxidative stress via NIR may have the potential to develop novel therapeutic approaches to address noise exposure and ototoxic compounds associated with hearing loss.
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Novel organ‐slice culturing system to simulate meniscal repair: Proof of concept using a synovium‐based pool of meniscoprogenitor cells
Authors: Hunziker Ernst B. , Lippuner Kurt , Keel Marius J. B. , Shintani Nahoko 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMeniscal injuries can occur secondary to trauma or be instigated by the changes in knee‐joint function that are associated with aging, osteo‐ and rheumatoid arthritis, disturbances in gait, and obesity. Sixty percent of persons over 50 years of age manifest signs of meniscal pathology. The surgical and arthroscopic measures that are currently implemented to treat meniscal deficiencies bring only transient relief from pain and effect but a temporary improvement in joint function. Although tissue‐engineering‐based approaches to meniscal repair are now being pursued, an appropriate in‐vitro model has not been conceived. The aim of this study was to develop an organ‐slice culturing system to simulate the repair of human meniscal lesions in vitro. The model consists of a ring of bovine meniscus enclosing a chamber that represents the defect and reproduces its sequestered physiological microenvironment. The defect, which is closed with a porous membrane, is filled with fragments of synovial tissue, as a source of meniscoprogenitor cells, and a fibrin‐embedded, calcium‐phosphate‐entrapped depot of the meniscogenic agents BMP‐2 and TGF‐β1. After culturing for 2 to 6 weeks, the constructs were evaluated histochemically and histomorphometrically, as well as immunohistochemically, for the apoptotic marker caspase 3 and collagen types I and II. Under the defined conditions, the fragments of synovium underwent differentiation into meniscal tissue, which bonded with the parent meniscal wall. Both the parent and the neoformed meniscal tissue survived the duration of the culturing period without significant cell losses. The concept on which the in‐vitro system is based was thus validated. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1588–1596, 2016.
Altered amino acid profile of arbuscular mycorrhizal maize plants under low temperature stress
Authors: Zhu Xiancan , Song Fengbin , Liu Fulai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on amino acid concentration and composition of maize plants under low‐temperature stress. The AM plants had higher amino acid concentrations than the non‐AM pants. The concentrations of Thr, Lys, Gly, Ala, His, and Ile of the AM plants were higher than non‐AM plants. The results show that low‐temperature stress decreased the concentrations of amino acids and altered their composition.
A New Concept in Picosecond Lasers
Authors: Hohmuth Rico , Burdack Peer , Limpert Jens 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOver the last decade, mode‐locked laser sources in the ten picosecond pulse regime expanded into medical applications and high‐precision micro‐material machining. However, the complexity and the alignment sensitivity of picosecond lasers translated to higher cost and impeded a broader market entry. The goal of the iPLASE project was to develop a novel laser concept (Fig. 1) which is capable of generating sub‐10 picosecond pulses. To this end, we shortened the pulses of a novel amplified microchip laser using a pulse compressor. This article outlines the key achievements of the project.
Is it Cold Enough, Yet?
Authors: Mayerhofer Roland , May Andrew B. , Serbin Jürgen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUltrashort‐pulse (USP) lasers have, since the late 1990s, been an exciting technology looking for opportunities to gain mass market application in industrial materials processing. In recent years, a wide range of new products offering innovative architectures and higher pulse energy combined with high pulsing frequencies are finding many uses in regular manufacturing, where they make components with unprecedented quality, accuracy and speed without visible signs of thermal interaction during the cutting or drilling process. Owing to the short duration of the pulses, the laser energy can be input to the material in a shorter time than heat can be transferred — leading to cutting and ablation without dross, burr or visible melt damage.
Behavior of anastomozed vessels and transferred flaps after anastomosed site infection in head and neck microsurgical reconstruction
Authors: Kubo Tateki , Matsuda Ken , Kiya Koichiro , Hosokawa Ko 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThis report evaluates the behavior of anastomosed vessels and transferred flaps after anastomosed site infection in head and neck reconstruction.Patients and methodsEleven free‐flap cases after infection at the vascular pedicle site were included, the patency of which was observed macroscopically after re‐exploration and pus drainage. Location was in the tongue (5 cases), oropharynx (3 cases), mouth floor (1 case), mandible (1 case), and hypopharynx (1 case). Transferred flaps originated from rectus abdominis (3 cases), anterolateral thigh (3 cases), radial forearm (3 cases), jejunum (1 case), and latissimus dorsi (1 case). Days for infection found were ranged 3–14 days postoperatively. Causes of infection were the salivary fistula formation in 5 cases, and precise etiology was not defined in the other 6 cases.ResultsDisruption of the vascular pedicles occurred with high frequency after infection. Disruption of vein occurred most frequently (5 cases), followed by both artery and vein (2 cases) and artery only (1 case). Of the eight flaps, two flaps failed, but the other six flaps survived despite pedicle disruption, indicating overall survival of nine flaps after pedicle site infection. Five of the nine survived cases were healed with simple washing and ointment application. However, the other four patients, whose cause of infection was a salivary fistula, needed second flap transfer to treat those fistulas.ConclusionDisruption of anastomosed vessels can occur with high frequency after infection, causing subsequent flap loss. Therefore, surgeons need to deal with pedicle site infection to save the flap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:658–663, 2016.
A Random Forest Model for Predicting Allosteric and Functional Sites on Proteins
Authors: Chen Ava S.‐Y. , Westwood Nicholas J. , Brear Paul , Rogers Graeme W. , Mavridis Lazaros , Mitchell John B. O. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe created a computational method to identify allosteric sites using a machine learning method trained and tested on protein structures containing bound ligand molecules. The Random Forest machine learning approach was adopted to build our three‐way predictive model. Based on descriptors collated for each ligand and binding site, the classification model allows us to assign protein cavities as allosteric, regular or orthosteric, and hence to identify allosteric sites. 43 structural descriptors per complex were derived and were used to characterize individual protein‐ligand binding sites belonging to the three classes, allosteric, regular and orthosteric. We carried out a separate validation on a further unseen set of protein structures containing the ligand 2‐(N‐cyclohexylamino) ethane sulfonic acid (CHES).
Propagation of Rayleigh waves in fluid‐saturated non‐homogeneous soils with the graded solid skeleton distribution
Authors: Zhou Fengxi , Ma Qiang 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe propagation characteristic of Rayleigh waves in a fluid‐saturated non‐homogeneous poroelastic half‐plane is addressed. Based on Biot's theory for fluid‐saturated media, which takes the inertia, fluid viscosity, mechanical coupling, compressibility of solid grains, and fluid into account, the dispersion equations of Rayleigh waves in fluid‐saturated non‐homogeneous soils/rocks are established. By considering the shear modulus of solid skeleton variation with depth exponentially, a small parameter, which reflects the relative change of shear modulus, is introduced. The asymptotic solution of the dispersion equation expressing the relationship between the phase velocity and wave number is obtained by using the perturbation method. In order to analyze the effects of non‐homogeneity on the propagation characteristic of Rayleigh waves, the variation of the phase velocity with the wave number is presented graphically and discussed through numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On computational homogenization of microscale crack propagation
Authors: Svenning Erik , Fagerström Martin , Larsson Fredrik 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe effective response of microstructures undergoing crack propagation is studied by homogenizing the response of statistical volume elements (SVEs). Because conventional boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and strong periodic) all are inaccurate when cracks intersect the SVE boundary, we herein use first order homogenization to compare the performance of these boundary conditions during the initial stage of crack propagation in the microstructure, prior to macroscopic localization. Using weakly periodic boundary conditions that lead to a mixed formulation with displacements and boundary tractions as unknowns, we can adapt the traction approximation to the problem at hand to obtain better convergence with increasing SVE size. In particular, we show that a piecewise constant traction approximation, which has previously been shown to be efficient for stationary cracks, is more efficient than the conventional boundary conditions in terms of convergence also when crack propagation occurs on the microscale. The performance of the method is demonstrated by examples involving grain boundary crack propagation modelled by conventional cohesive interface elements as well as crack propagation modelled by means of the extended finite element method in combination with the concept of material forces. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mother City and Colony: Bioarchaeological Evidence of Stress and Impacts of Corinthian Colonisation at Apollonia, Albania
Authors: Kyle B. , Schepartz L. A. , Larsen C. S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study uses bioarchaeological methods and interpretive frameworks, in conjunction with archaeological and textual evidence, to document and interpret the record of Greek colonial interactions between Corinth and local populations at Apollonia, Albania, in the region known as Illyria (modern Albania). A series of Illyrian human remains (n = 304; Early Iron Age–Hellenistic periods) and Corinthian human remains (n = 72; Neolithic–Hellenistic periods) were examined for evidence of physiological stress in order to characterise the impact of colonisation. Statistical comparisons of pre‐colonial and post‐colonial skeletal remains indicate that stress increased at Apollonia following colonisation. This change may have resulted from impoverishment following Corinth's extraction of local Illyrian resources and changes in sanitation and disease transmission associated with urbanism. Conversely, the record suggests a decrease in stress, although not to a significant extent, in Corinth. We speculate that decline in physiological stress in the Corinthian setting may reflect improved dietary quality and increased food availability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial severity and efficacy of risperidone in autism: Results from the RUPP trial
Authors: Levine S.Z. , Kodesh A. , Goldberg Y. , Reichenberg A. , Furukawa T.A. , Kolevzon A. , Leucht S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundRisperidone is a common psychopharmacological treatment for irritability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is not well-established how effective risperidone is across the initial symptom severity range. This study aims to examine the influence of baseline severity on the efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of ASD.MethodsParticipants were from the NIMH funded RUPP multisite, randomized, double-blind trial that compared risperidone to placebo to treat autistic disorder with severe tantrums, aggression, or self-injury. Participants were aged 5 to 17, and randomly assigned to risperidone (n = 49) or placebo (n = 52). Baseline and change scores were computed with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) parent assessed scales with irritability as the primary outcome, as well as the clinician assessed ABC Irritability subscale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale.ResultsThe relationship between baseline severity and change scores for the risperdone and placebo groups was examined with eight competing three-level mixed-effects models for repeated measure models. Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between treatment and baseline severity were observed for parent ABC ratings of irritability and lethargy only. Greater magnitudes of the differences between risperidone and placebo were observed from moderate to very severe baseline severity on irritability and lethargy. Initial severity values over approximately 30 had a strong effect on symptom change [irritability: effect size (ES) = 1.9, number needed to treat (NNT) = 2, lethargy ES = 0.9, NNT = 5].ConclusionsParents may expect benefits of risperidone on irritability and lethargy with moderate to severe symptoms of ASD.Trial registrationRegistry name: ClinicalTrials.gov, trial identifier: NCT00005014, URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00005014?term=NCT00005014&rank=1, registered on March 31, 2000.
Amount of Testosterone on Laundered Clothing After Use of Testosterone Topical 2% Solution by Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Satonin Darlene K. , Ni Xiao , Mitchell Malcolm I. , Joly Hellen , Muram David , Small David S. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Testosterone 2% solution (Axiron) applied to armpit(s) is used for replacement therapy in men with a deficiency of endogenous testosterone.

Aim
To determine the amount of testosterone on subjects' T-shirts 12 hours after applying testosterone solution, the residual testosterone on subjects' T-shirts after laundering, and the testosterone transferred to unworn textile items during laundering with worn T-shirts.

Methods
Healthy males ≥18 years old applied 2 × 1.5 mL of testosterone 2% solution to both axillae (total testosterone dose: 120 mg) and dressed in cotton long-sleeved T-shirts after a ≥3-minute waiting period. T-shirts were worn 12 hours before being removed and cut into halves, after which a 10 × 10 cm sample of each armpit area was excised for testosterone quantification before or after laundering with samples of unworn textiles.

Main Outcome Measures
Testosterone on worn T-shirts before and after laundering, and on unworn textiles laundered with the worn T-shirts.

Results
Twelve subjects enrolled and completed, with only minor adverse events. Mean testosterone in unwashed worn T-shirts was 7603 μg, with high between-subject variability (3359 μg to 13,069 μg), representing 13% of the dose to 1 armpit. Mean testosterone in worn, laundered T-shirts was 260 μg (7.55 μg to 1343 μg), representing 3% of the dose to 1 armpit. Mean transferred testosterone to other textiles during laundering ranged from 69 μg on texturized Dacron 56T Double to 10,402 μg on 87/13 nylon/Lycra knit, representing 0.0382% to 5.78% of the dose to 1 armpit.

Conclusion
Thirteen percent of the testosterone applied to axillae was transferred to T-shirts during wear. Ninety-seven percent of the transferred testosterone was removed from the T-shirts during washing, some of which was then absorbed to various degrees by other textiles. Clinical implications of these findings and biological activity of the remaining/transferred testosterone are unknown.
Comparison of Treatment of Emergent Adverse Events in Men with Premature Ejaculation Treated with Dapoxetine and Alternate Oral Treatments: Results From a Large Multinational Observational Trial
Authors: Verze Paolo , Cai Tommaso , Magno Carlo , Sabella Francesco , Cucchiara Vito , Palmieri Alessandro , Mirone Vincenzo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dapoxetine (DPX) has a pharmacokinetic profile suggesting a low rate of class-related adverse events (AEs).

Aim
To assess the incidence of treatment emergent AEs (TEAEs) of special interest (known associations with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and/or potential clinically relevant AEs), and the related discontinuation rate in patients with premature ejaculation (PE) treated with DPX or alternate oral treatment (AOT), in routine clinical practice.

Methods
In a prospective, 12-week, open-label, postmarketing observational, multinational study (PAUSE), 7545 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: DPX 30–60 mg and AOT.

Main outcome measures
The incidence rate of predefined TEAEs of special interest (mood and related, neurocognitive related, cardiovascular, urogenital and sexual function, accidental injury, and abnormal bleeding) in the DPX and the AOT groups, and the rate of AEs leading to study discontinuation.

Results
The safety analysis was performed on 6128 patients treated with DPX and 1417 with AOT. The incidence of TEAEs of special interest in each AE category was greater for patients treated with AOT than with DPX. The higher differences were observed in the neurocognitive-related category (DPX 1.9% vs AOT 4.7%; P &lt; .001), in the mood and related category (DPX 0.4% vs AOT 1.1%; P &lt; .001), and in the urogenital system/sexual function (DPX 0.4% vs AOT 0.8%; P = .04). Cardiovascular TEAEs were the only AEs numerically greater in the DPX group (1.3 vs 1.6%, P = .34). The overall discontinuation rate was 10.9% in the DPX group and 6.9% in the AOT group).

Conclusion
DPX has a favorable safety profile in terms of class-related TEAEs and clinically relevant AEs of special interest. In particular, it shows a significantly better safety profile in mood and related AEs, neurocognitive-related AEs, urogenital system, and sexual function, compared to the AOT group in the study population.