bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient- vs Technologist-Controlled Mammography Compression: A Prospective Comparative Study of Patient Discomfort and Breast Compression Thickness
Authors: Gaudette Joshua , Kilaru Sai , Davenport Alexis , Hanumolu Sushil , Pinkney David , Mandava Sabala , Williams Amy , Tang Xiaoqin (Amy) 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We assess whether mammographic patient-assisted compression (PAC) has an impact on breast compression thickness and patient discomfort compared with technologist-assisted compression (TAC).

Methods
A total of 382 female patients between ages 40 and 90 years undergoing screening mammography from February 2020 to June 2021 were recruited via informational pamphlet to participate in this IRB-approved study. Patients without prior baseline mammograms were excluded. The participating patients were randomly assigned to the PAC or TAC study group. Pre- and postmammogram surveys assessed expected pain and experienced pain, respectively, using a 100-mm visual analogue scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Breast compression thickness values from the most recent mammogram were compared with the patient’s recent prior mammogram.

Results
Between the 2 groups, there was no significant difference between the expected level of pain prior to the mammogram (P = .97). While both study groups reported a lower level of experienced pain than was expected, the difference was greater for the PAC group (P &lt;.0001). Additionally, the PAC group reported significantly lower experienced pain during mammography compared with the TAC group (P = .014). The correlation of trait/state anxiety scores with pre- and postmammogram pain scores was weak among the groups. Lastly, the mean breast compression thickness values for standard screening mammographic views showed no significant difference in the PAC group when compared with the patient’s prior mammogram.

Conclusion
Involving patients in compression reduces their pain independent of the patient’s state anxiety during mammography while having no effect on breast compression thickness. Implementing PAC could improve the mammography experience.
Spatial sorting caused by downstream dispersal: implication for morphological evolution in isolated populations of fat minnow inhabiting small streams flowing through terraced rice paddies
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The evolutionary forces arising from differential dispersal are known as “spatial sorting,” distinguishing them from natural selection arising from differential survival or differential reproductive success. Spatial sorting is often considered to be transient because it is offset by the return of dispersers in many cases. However, in riverine systems, spatial sorting by downstream dispersal can be cumulative in habitats upstream of migration barriers such as weirs or falls, which can block the return of the dispersers. Terraced rice paddies are often found on steep mountain slopes in Japan and often incorporate small streams with numerous migration barriers. This study investigated the morphological features of fat minnow, Rhynchocypris oxycephala jouyi (Cyprinidae), inhabiting above-barrier habitats of the small streams flowing through flood-prone terraced rice paddies and examined their function via a mark–recapture experiment. Although this study did not reveal a consistent pattern across all local populations, some above-barrier populations were characterized by individuals with a thinner caudal peduncle, thinner body, and longer ventral caudal fin lobes than those in neighbouring mainstream populations. A mark–recapture experiment during minor flooding showed that a thinner caudal peduncle and deeper body helped fat minnow avoid downstream dispersal and ascend a small step, and suggested that a longer ventral caudal fin lobe was important for ascending. These results suggest that the caudal morphologies of some above-barrier populations avoid or reduce the risk of downstream dispersal, supporting the idea that spatial sorting shapes functional traits, enhancing the spatial persistence of individuals in upstream habitats.
Failure of a mass trapping method against the striped cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in organic cucurbit fields
Authors: Tinslay Jessee , Fournier Marc , Couture Isabelle , Lafontaine Pierre , Lefevbre Maxime , Lucas Éric 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The striped cucumber beetle (SCB) Acalymma vittatum (F.) is one of the most important pests in North American cucurbit crops. While conventional chemical control methods are usually effective in controlling SCB populations, few alternative control methods are available for organic cucurbit crops. The goal of the present study was to evaluate an optimized mass trapping system using yellow traps baited with a floral-based semiochemical. More specifically, the objectives were to determine if the trapping method could (i) significantly reduce SCB populations and (ii) maintain these populations below the economic threshold throughout the growth season within organic cucurbit crops. The method did not reduce nor maintain the SCB populations below the economic threshold of one SCB per plant. Possible hypotheses explaining the diverging results are discussed.
Understanding risk factors for endometrial cancer in young women
Authors: Peeri Noah Charles , Bertrand Kimberly A , Na Renhua , De Vivo Immaculata , Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Seshan Venkatraman E , Alemany Laia , Chen Yu , Clarke Megan A , Clendenen Tess , Cook Linda S , Costas Laura , Dal Maso Luigino , Freudenheim Jo L , Friedenreich Christine M , Gierach Gretchen L , Goodman Marc T , La Vecchia Carlo , Levi Fabio , Lopez-Querol Marta , Lu Lingeng , Moysich Kirsten B , Mutter George , Naduparambil Jeffin , Negri Eva , O’Connell Kelli , O’Mara Tracy , Palmer Julie R , Parazzini Fabio , Penney Kathryn Lee , Petruzella Stacey , Reynolds Peggy , Ricceri Fulvio , Risch Harvey , Rohan Thomas E , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sandin Sven , Shu Xiao-Ou , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z , Webb Penelope M , Wentzensen Nicolas , Wilkens Lynne R , Xu Wanghong , Yu Herbert , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Zheng Wei , Guo Xingyi , Lipworth Loren , Du Mengmeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The American Cancer Society recommends physicians inform average-risk women about endometrial cancer risk on reaching menopause, but new diagnoses are rising fastest in women aged younger than 50 years. Educating these younger women about endometrial cancer risks requires knowledge of risk factors. However, endometrial cancer in young women is rare and challenging to study in single study populations.

Methods
We included 13 846 incident endometrial cancer patients (1639 aged younger than 50 years) and 30 569 matched control individuals from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. We used generalized linear models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 6 risk factors and endometrial cancer risk. We created a risk score to evaluate the combined associations and population attributable fractions for these factors.

Results
In younger and older women, we observed positive associations with body mass index and diabetes and inverse associations with age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, and parity. Current smoking was associated with reduced risk only in women aged 50 years and older (Phet &lt; .01). Body mass index was the strongest risk factor (OR≥35 vs&lt;25 kg/m2 = 5.57, 95% CI = 4.33 to 7.16, for ages younger than 50 years; OR≥35 vs&lt;25 kg/m2 = 4.68, 95% CI = 4.30 to 5.09, for ages 50 years and older; Phet = .14). Possessing at least 4 risk factors was associated with approximately ninefold increased risk in women aged younger than 50 years and approximately fourfold increased risk in women aged 50 years and older (Phet &lt; .01). Together, 59.1% of endometrial cancer in women aged younger than 50 years and 55.6% in women aged 50 years and older were attributable to these factors.

Conclusions
Our data confirm younger and older women share common endometrial cancer risk factors. Early educational efforts centered on these factors may help mitigate the rising endometrial cancer burden in young women.
AMPA receptors in Alzheimer disease: Pathological changes and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Ning Luying , Shen Rongjing , Xie Bingqing , Jiang Yong , Geng Xiaoqi , Dong Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects synapses and leads to progressive cognitive decline. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the pathogenesis of AD is well-established as they contribute to excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in the pathological process of extrasynaptic glutamate concentration. However, the therapeutic potential of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine in rescuing synaptic damage is limited. Research indicates that α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors also play a significant role in AD. Abnormal transcription, expression, and localization of AMPA receptors lead to synaptic dysfunction and damage, contributing to early cognitive impairment in AD patients. Understanding the impact of AMPA receptors on AD pathogenesis and exploring the potential for the development of AMPA receptor-targeting drugs are crucial. This review aims to consolidate recent research findings on AMPA receptors in AD, elucidate the current state of AMPA receptor research and lay the foundation for future basic research and drug development.
A novel approach for repair of right sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia and hepatopulmonary fusion
Authors: Cain-Trivette Caitlin J , Robinson Newell Bryce , Kadenhe-Chiweshe Angela , Steigman Shaun , Spigland Nitsana A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Right sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) associated with hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF) is a rare congenital anomaly in which the herniated liver is fused with lung parenchyma. We discuss the case of an infant with right-sided CDH and HPF found on index operation for repair of right-sided CDH. Due to the high incidence of vascular anomalies associated with HPF the decision was made to close the patient and get further imaging to characterize the HPF before returning to the operating room for definitive repair. We describe a novel and successful operative approach where the liver was left entirely fused to the lung and the liver was partially brought down from the chest and was plicated to the diaphragm form a seal between the parietal and pleural cavities to repair the CDH.
Introduction: Origins and Objectives of the DSA
Authors: Wilman Folkert , Kalėda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the adoption of the e-Commerce Directive and the Digital Services Act (DSA). It explains how internet usage has gone from something akin to a hobby to a fundamental and indispensable part of life. The rise of the modern internet has brought about a change in the perceived role of the legal order concerning online activities. Thus, the DSA primarily aims to ensure a safe, predictable, and trusted online environment while also addressing the dissemination of illegal content and its subsequent societal risks. The chapter then provides an overview of the digital regulations prior to the establishment of the DSA, before considering the scope, objectives, and structure of the DSA.
Final Provisions
Authors: Wilman Folkert , Kalėda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the final provisions of the Digital Services Act (DSA). In correlation with the legislative practice of the EU legislator, Articles 89 to 93 of the DSA govern its application in time and lay down provisions that mend other EU acts. Moreover, the provisions establish the amendments to the e-Commerce Directive and the Consumer Representative Actions Directive. The chapter also considers several articles of the DSA providing measures for future reviews and establishing the conditions for its entry into force and application in time. It clarifies that issues of application of law in time are primarily considered in the light of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Black Radicalism after the Haitian Revolution: Langston Hughes’s Emperor of Haiti
Authors: Weeber Susan Cooke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
By most measures of literary and theatrical success, Langston Hughes’s Emperor of Haiti (1936) was a resounding failure. This article reads that failure as evidence of the play’s attempt to dramatize the Haitian Revolution and its aftermath as both historical and futural, radical and tragic—a vision that would account for both revolutionary upheaval and post-revolutionary disillusionment. The structure of the play—its refusal to dramatize the revolution itself or the declaration of independence; its jump in time from pre-revolutionary anticipation to post-revolutionary governance; and the multiple conversations and debates about freedom and slavery—forces the audience to shift its perceptions and remain open to multiple conflicting interpretations and visions at once. This strategy, perhaps only possible through drama, gets close to portraying the “previously unthinkable”: the Haitian Revolution as both rupture and repetition, both tied to its colonial past and gesturing toward an anticolonial future. Through Hughes’s dramatic work, we can see the unique potential for literature to help us sift through the past for glimpses of the future—to look to the revolutionary visions and Black radicalisms of the past with a mixture of optimism and pessimism so that we might mine them for glimpses of this anti-colonial future.
Non-thermal radio emission from massive protostars in the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey
Authors: Obonyo W O , Hoare M G , Lumsden S L , Thompson M A , Chibueze J O , Cotton W D , Rigby A , Leto P , Trigilio C , Williams G M 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an investigation of the L-band emission from known massive young stellar objects in the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey to search for non-thermal radio emitters in the sample. A total of 398 massive protostars, identified from the Red MSX Source survey, are located within the survey region. Among these, 162 fields that host the protostars are isolated from nearby bright H ii regions, allowing for the study of any ionized jets present. Seventy-one of these fields have jets with five-sigma detections or higher, corresponding to a detection rate of 44 per cent. The MeerKAT fluxes of the detections, together with the upper limits of the non-detections and any other fluxes from previous observations, were used to estimate the spectral indices of the jets, and to search for the presence of non-thermal radiation. In cases where a source manifests as single in a given observation but is resolved into multiple components in observations of higher resolutions, the sum of the fluxes of the resolved components was used in estimating the indices. Any effects from missing flux in higher resolution observations were incorporated into the index uncertainties. The spectral indices of the sample show that at least 50 per cent of the jets emit non-thermal radiation. Additionally, the spectral energy distribution of some of the sources, as well as their radio luminosities exhibit evidence of non-thermal emission, especially in extended sources.
The X-ray polarization of the jet in the Vela PWN
Authors: Liu Kuan , Xie Fei , Liang En-Wei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we studied the X-ray polarization of the jet in the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula. After the background subtraction, we found a high degree of polarization in the helical jet region, close to the upper limit allowed by the synchrotron radiation mechanism. This result indicates the magnetic field is highly ordered, even though the jet’s morphology is curved and varies rapidly, which suggests that the magnetic collimation process for the jet does not introduce significant turbulence. The polarization angle is perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the nebula, consistent with the results from the magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations. This finding sheds light on the underlying mechanisms related to the dynamics and evolution of the jet structures.
The masses, structure, and lifetimes of cold clouds in a high-resolution simulation of a low-metallicity starburst
Authors: Fotopoulou Constantina M , Naab Thorsten , Lahén Natalia , Cernetic Miha , Rathjen Tim-Eric , Steinwandel Ulrich P , Hislop Jessica M , Walch Stefanie , Johansson Peter H 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the cold gas phase in a low-metallicity starburst generated in a high-resolution hydrodynamical simulation of a gas-rich dwarf galaxy merger as part of the griffin project. The simulations resolve (4 M$_\odot$ gas phase mass resolution, $\sim$0.1 pc spatial resolution) the multiphase interstellar medium with a non-equilibrium chemical heating/cooling network at temperatures below 10$^4$ K. Massive stars are sampled individually and interact with the interstellar medium (ISM) through the formation of H ii regions and supernova explosions. In the extended starburst phase, the ISM is dominated by cold ($T_\mathrm{gas} &lt; 300$ K) filamentary clouds with self-similar internal structures. The clouds have masses of $10^{2.6}$–$10^{5.6}$ M$_\odot$ with a power-law mass function, $\mathrm{ d}N/\mathrm{ d}M \propto M^\alpha$ with $\alpha = -1.78 (\,\pm \,0.08)$. They also follow the Larson relations, in good agreement with observations. We trace the lifecycle of the cold clouds and find that they follow an exponential lifetime distribution and an e-folding time of $\sim$3.5 Myr. Clouds with peak masses below $10^4$ M$_\odot$ follow a power-law relation with their average lifetime $\tau _\mathrm{life} \propto M^{0.3}_\mathrm{max}$ which flattens out for higher cloud masses at $&lt; 10$ Myr. A similar relation exists between cloud size at peak mass and lifetime. This simulation of the evolution of a realistic galactic cold cloud population supports the rapid formation and disruption of star-forming clouds by stellar radiation and supernovae on a time-scale less than 10 Myr.
Epigenetics Research in Evolutionary Biology: Perspectives on Timescales and Mechanisms
Authors: Yi Soojin V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Epigenetics research in evolutionary biology encompasses a variety of research areas, from regulation of gene expression to inheritance of environmentally mediated phenotypes. Such divergent research foci can occasionally render the umbrella term “epigenetics” ambiguous. Here I discuss several areas of contemporary epigenetics research in the context of evolutionary biology, aiming to provide balanced views across timescales and molecular mechanisms. The importance of epigenetics in development is now being assessed in many nonmodel species. These studies not only confirm the importance of epigenetic marks in developmental processes, but also highlight the significant diversity in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms across taxa. Further, these comparative epigenomic studies have begun to show promise toward enhancing our understanding of how regulatory programs evolve. A key property of epigenetic marks is that they can be inherited along mitotic cell lineages, and epigenetic differences that occur during early development can have lasting consequences on the organismal phenotypes. Thus, epigenetic marks may play roles in short-term (within an organism's lifetime or to the next generation) adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. However, the extent to which observed epigenetic variation occurs independently of genetic influences remains uncertain, due to the widespread impact of genetics on epigenetic variation and the limited availability of comprehensive (epi)genomic resources from most species. While epigenetic marks can be inherited independently of genetic sequences in some species, there is little evidence that such “transgenerational inheritance” is a general phenomenon. Rather, molecular mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance are highly variable between species.
Synthesis of 2′-formamidonucleoside phosphoramidites for suppressing the seed-based off-target effects of siRNAs
Authors: Nomura Kohei , An Seongjin , Kobayashi Yoshiaki , Kondo Jiro , Shi Ting , Murase Hirotaka , Nakamoto Kosuke , Kimura Yasuaki , Abe Naoko , Ui-Tei Kumiko , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of 2′-formamidonucleoside phosphoramidite derivatives and their incorporation into siRNA strands to reduce seed-based off-target effects of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Formamido derivatives of all four nucleosides (A, G, C and U) were synthesized in 5–11 steps from commercial compounds. Introducing these derivatives into double-stranded RNA slightly reduced its thermodynamic stability, but X-ray crystallography and CD spectrum analysis confirmed that the RNA maintained its natural A-form structure. Although the introduction of the 2′-formamidonucleoside derivative at the 2nd position in the guide strand of the siRNA led to a slight decrease in the on-target RNAi activity, the siRNAs with different sequences incorporating 2′-formamidonucleoside with four kinds of nucleobases into any position other than 2nd position in the seed region revealed a significant suppression of off-target activity while maintaining on-target RNAi activity. This indicates that 2′-formamidonucleosides represent a promising approach for mitigating off-target effects in siRNA therapeutics.
Global data monitoring systems and early identification for kidney diseases
Authors: Irish Georgina , Caskey Fergus J , Davids M Razeen , Tonelli Marcello , Yang Chih-Wei , Arruebo Silvia , Damster Sandrine , Donner Jo-Ann , Jha Vivekanand , Levin Adeera , Nangaku Masaomi , Saad Syed , Ye Feng , Okpechi Ikechi G , Bello Aminu K , Johnson David W 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Data monitoring and surveillance systems are the cornerstone for governance and regulation, planning, and policy development for chronic disease care. Our study aims to evaluate health systems capacity for data monitoring and surveillance for kidney care.

Methods
We leveraged data from the third iteration of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA), an international survey of stakeholders (clinicians, policymakers and patient advocates) from 167 countries conducted between July and September 2022. ISN-GKHA contains data on availability and types of kidney registries, the spectrum of their coverage, as well as data on national policies for kidney disease identification.

Results
Overall, 167 countries responded to the survey, representing 97.4% of the global population. Information systems in forms of registries for dialysis care were available in 63% (n = 102/162) of countries, followed by kidney transplant registries (58%; n = 94/162), and registries for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (19%; n = 31/162) and acute kidney injury (9%; n = 14/162). Participation in dialysis registries was mandatory in 57% (n = 58) of countries; however, in more than half of countries in Africa (58%; n = 7), Eastern and Central Europe (67%; n = 10), and South Asia (100%; n = 2), participation was voluntary. The least-reported performance measures in dialysis registries were hospitalization (36%; n = 37) and quality of life (24%; n = 24).

Conclusions
The variability of health information systems and early identification systems for kidney disease across countries and world regions warrants a global framework for prioritizing the development of these systems.