bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the asymptotics of constrained exponential random graphs
Authors: Kenyon Richard , Yin Mei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe unconstrained exponential family of random graphs assumes no prior knowledge of the graph before sampling, but it is natural to consider situations where partial information about the graph is known, for example the total number of edges. What does a typical random graph look like, if drawn from an exponential model subject to such constraints? Will there be a similar phase transition phenomenon (as one varies the parameters) as that which occurs in the unconstrained exponential model? We present some general results for this constrained model and then apply them to obtain concrete answers in the edge-triangle model with fixed density of edges.
Unifying the Dynkin and Lebesgue–Stieltjes formulae
Authors: Kella Offer , Yor Marc 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe establish a local martingaleMassociate withf(X,Y) under some restrictions onf, whereYis a process of bounded variation (on compact intervals) and eitherXis a jump diffusion (a special case being a Lévy process) orXis some general (càdlàg metric-space valued) Markov process. In the latter case,fis restricted to the formf(x,y)=∑k=1Kξk(x)ηk(y). This local martingale unifies both Dynkin's formula for Markov processes and the Lebesgue–Stieltjes integration (change of variable) formula for (right-continuous) functions of bounded variation. For the jump diffusion case, when further relatively easily verifiable conditions are assumed, then this local martingale becomes anL2-martingale. Convergence of the product of this Martingale with some deterministic function ( of time ) to 0 both inL2and almost sure is also considered and sufficient conditions for functions for which this happens are identified.
AN EMENDATION IN APOLLONIUS SOPHISTA'S LEXICON HOMERICUM
Authors: Meccariello Chiara 
Published: April 2017

The beginning of the second entry of Apollonius Sophista's Lexicon Homericum reads as follows in the codex Coislinianus gr. 345, the only direct witness to this section (1, 14–15 Bekker):
ἀάατος· ὁ ἀβλαβὴς καὶ εὐχερὴς καὶ δι’ οὗ ἄνευ ἄτης. ἐνίοτε δὲ τὸν ἐπιβλαβῆ καὶ δυσχερῆ …ἀάατος: ‘harmless’ and ‘easy’, and δι’ οὗ ‘without ἄτη’. But sometimes ‘hurtful’ and ‘difficult’ …
First results of frontal sinus obliteration with a synthetic, resorbable and osteoconductive bone graft of ß-tricalcium phosphate
Authors: Andratschke M , Hagedorn H 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Despite advances in endoscopic sinus surgery, frontal sinus obliteration is still indicated in some cases. Current options for obliteration include autologous and synthetic materials. The use of ß-tricalcium phosphate as a resorbable bone graft substitute is a good alternative for frontal sinus obliteration. This study aimed to report our experience with this material.Methods:A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent frontal sinus obliteration at our clinic between 2008 and 2013 was performed. Demographic data, indications, previous surgery, and immediate and late complications were examined. Information on persisting symptoms and patient outcomes was collected using a telephone questionnaire in February 2016.Results:None of the patients underwent further surgery for frontal sinus disease. All of them reported a good cosmetic result and symptom improvement.Conclusion:ß-tricalcium phosphate is a good, safe and cost-effective material for frontal sinus obliteration.
Problematic alcohol use and reduced hippocampal volume: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Wilson S. , Bair J. L. , Thomas K. M. , Iacono W. G. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundA number of studies reports reduced hippocampal volume in individuals who engage in problematic alcohol use. However, the magnitude of the difference in hippocampal volume between individuals withv. without problematic alcohol use has varied widely, and there have been null findings. Moreover, the studies comprise diverse alcohol use constructs and samples, including clinically significant alcohol use disorders and subclinical but problematic alcohol use (e.g. binge drinking), adults and adolescents, and males and females.MethodsWe conducted the first quantitative synthesis of the published empirical research on associations between problematic alcohol use and hippocampal volume. In total, 23 studies were identified and selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis; effects sizes were aggregated using a random-effects model.ResultsProblematic alcohol use was associated with significantly smaller hippocampal volume (d= −0.53). Moderator analyses indicated that effects were stronger for clinically significantv. subclinical alcohol use and among adults relative to adolescents; effects did not differ among males and females.ConclusionsProblematic alcohol use is associated with reduced hippocampal volume. The moderate overall effect size suggests the need for larger samples than are typically included in studies of alcohol use and hippocampal volume. Because the existing literature is almost entirely cross-sectional, future research using causally informative study designs is needed to determine whether this association reflects premorbid risk for the development of problematic alcohol use and/or whether alcohol has a neurotoxic effect on the hippocampus.
Walk the Talk: Characterizing Mobility in Older Adults Living on Low Income
Authors: Chudyk Anna M. , Sims-Gould Joanie , Ashe Maureen C. , Winters Meghan , McKay Heather A. 
Published: April 2017

RÉSUMÉNous offrons une description en profondeur de la mobilité des personnes âgées (activité physique et comportement de voyage) de faible statut socioéconomique vivant dans les communautés. Les participants (n = 161, âge moyen [intervalle] = 74 [65-96] ans) ont rempli des questionnaires administrés par les enquêteurs et ont participé à des mesures objectives de la mobilité. En général, nos résultats n’ont pas indiqué que les personnes âgées de faible statut socio-économique ont une capacité réduite d’être mobiles. Les participants, malgré un désavantage économique, ont présenté des profils positifs, physiques, psychosociaux et liés à leur environnement social, qui influencent tous la capacité d’être mobiles. Ils ont également entrepris une grande proportion des déplacements à pied, bien que ceux-ci ne l’ont pas, pris ensemble, répondu aux directives physiques pour la plupart d’entre eux. Nous incitons les futurs chercheurs à mettre l’accent sur des stratégies novatrices de recrutement de cette population, difficilement accessible, afin de prendre en compte l’influence du statut socio-économique sur la durée de vie, ainsi que le rôle des facteurs liés au comportement lors de l’étude des relations entre une personne, son environnement et la mobilité des aînés.
The independence of the infundibular building blocks in the setting of double-outlet right ventricle
Authors: Aiello Vera D. , Spicer Diane E. , Anderson Robert H. , Brown Nigel A. , Mohun Timothy J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt has long been contentious as to whether the presence of bilateral infundibulums, or conuses, is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle. As the use of such a criterion would abrogate the so-called “morphological method”, which correctly states that one variable entity should not be defined on the basis of another entity that is itself variable, it is now accepted that double outlet can exist in the setting of fibrous continuity between the leaflets of the atrioventricular and arterial valves. Although this debate has now been resolved, there are other contentious areas still requiring clarification in the setting of hearts unified because of the presence of this particular ventriculo-arterial connection – for example, it is questionable whether the channel between the ventricles should be described as a “ventricular septal defect”, whereas it is equally arguable that the mere presence of fibrous continuity between the leaflets of the arterial valves does not necessarily place the channel in a doubly committed location. In this review, we describe a series of autopsied hearts in which the anatomical features serve to illuminate these various topics. We then discuss recent findings regarding cardiac development that point to the individuality of the building blocks of the ventricular outflow tracts, specifically the outlet septum, the inner heart curvature, or ventriculo-infundibular fold, and the septomarginal trabeculation, or septal band.
Does using the interRAI Palliative Care instrument reduce the needs and symptoms of nursing home residents receiving palliative care?
Authors: Hermans Kirsten , De Almeida Mello Johanna , Spruytte Nele , Cohen Joachim , Van Audenhove Chantal , Declercq Anja 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:This study aimed to evaluate whether using the interRAI Palliative Care instrument (the interRAI PC) in nursing homes is associated with reduced needs and symptoms in residents nearing the end of their lives.Method:A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study using the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS) was conducted to compare the needs and symptoms of residents nearing the end of their lives in the control and intervention nursing homes. Care professionals at the intervention nursing homes filled out the interRAI PC over the course of a year for all residents aged 65 years and older who were nearing the end of their lives. This intervention was not implemented in the control nursing homes.Results:At baseline, POS scores in the intervention nursing homes were lower (more favorable) than in the control nursing homes on the items “pain”, “other symptoms”, “family anxiety”, and the total POS score. Posttest POS scores for “wasted time” were higher (less favorable) than pretest scores in the intervention nursing homes. In the intervention nursing homes where care professionals did not have prior experience with the interRAI Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF) assessment instrument (n = 8/15), total POS scores were lower (more favorable) at posttest.Significance of results:One year after introducing the interRAI PC, no reduction in residents' needs and symptoms were detected in the intervention nursing homes. However, reductions in needs and symptoms were found in the subgroup of intervention nursing homes without prior experience with the interRAI LTCF instrument. This may suggest that the use of an interRAI instrument other than the interRAI PC specifically can improve care. Future research should aim at replicating this research with a long-term design in order to evaluate the effect of integrating the use of the interRAI PC in the day-to-day practices at nursing homes.
Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years
Authors: Foster Gavin L. , Royer Dana L. , Lunt Daniel J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe evolution of Earth’s climate on geological timescales is largely driven by variations in the magnitude of total solar irradiance (TSI) and changes in the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere. Here we show that the slow ∼50 Wm−2increase in TSI over the last ∼420 million years (an increase of ∼9 Wm−2of radiative forcing) was almost completely negated by a long-term decline in atmospheric CO2. This was likely due to the silicate weathering-negative feedback and the expansion of land plants that together ensured Earth’s long-term habitability. Humanity’s fossil-fuel use, if unabated, risks taking us, by the middle of the twenty-first century, to values of CO2not seen since the early Eocene (50 million years ago). If CO2continues to rise further into the twenty-third century, then the associated large increase in radiative forcing, and how the Earth system would respond, would likely be without geological precedent in the last half a billion years.
A Pair of Maternal Chromosomes Derived from Meiotic Nondisjunction in Trisomy 21 Affects Nuclear Architecture and Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Omori Sayaka , Tanabe Hideyuki , Banno Kimihiko , Tsuji Ayumi , Nawa Nobutoshi , Hirata Katsuya , Kawatani Keiji , Kokubu Chikara , Takeda Junji , Taniguchi Hidetoshi , Arahori Hitomi , Wada Kazuko , Kitabatake Yasuji , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEukaryotic genomes are organised into complex higher-order structures within the nucleus, and the three-dimensional arrangement of chromosomes is functionally important for global gene regulation. The existence of supernumerary chromosome 21 in Down syndrome may perturb the nuclear architecture at different levels, which is normally optimised to maintain the physiological balance of gene expression. However, it has not been clearly elucidated whether and how aberrant configuration of chromosomes affects gene activities. To investigate the effects of trisomy 21 on nuclear organisation and gene expression, we performed three-dimensional fluorescent imaging analysis of chromosome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which enabled identification of the parental origin of the three copies of chromosome 21. We found that two copies of maternal chromosomes resulting from meiotic nondisjunction had a higher tendency to form an adjacent pair and were located relatively distant from the nuclear membrane, suggesting the conserved interaction between these homologous chromosomes. Transcriptional profiling of parental-origin-specific corrected disomy 21 iPSC lines indicated upregulated expression of the maternal alleles for a group of genes, which was accompanied by a fluctuating expression pattern. These results suggest the unique effects of a pair of maternal chromosomes in trisomy 21, which may contribute to the pathological phenotype.
Statistical learning leads to persistent memory: Evidence for one-year consolidation
Authors: Kóbor Andrea , Janacsek Karolina , Takács Ádám , Nemeth Dezso 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStatistical learning is a robust mechanism of the brain that enables the extraction of environmental patterns, which is crucial in perceptual and cognitive domains. However, the dynamical change of processes underlying long-term statistical memory formation has not been tested in an appropriately controlled design. Here we show that a memory trace acquired by statistical learning is resistant to inference as well as to forgetting after one year. Participants performed a statistical learning task and were retested one year later without further practice. The acquired statistical knowledge was resistant to interference, since after one year, participants showed similar memory performance on the previously practiced statistical structure after being tested with a new statistical structure. These results could be key to understand the stability of long-term statistical knowledge.
A novel approach to prepare Bi2Fe4O9 flower-like spheres with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Yang Haibo , Dai Jingjing , Wang Lei , Lin Ying , Wang Fen , Kang Pan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel two-step approach consisting of hydrothermal process and subsequently selective etching has been developed to prepare flower-like three-dimensional porous Bi2Fe4O9 spheres with good uniformity and highly photocatalytic performance. XRD patterns and SEM images reveal that the Bi2Fe4O9 phase does not exhibit any changes after the etching process, and the crystal morphology evolves from micro-platelets to flower-like three-dimensional porous Bi2Fe4O9 spheres by controlling the experiment parameters. The change of morphology will lead to the significant increase of specific surface area, which would be beneficial to the enhancement of photocatalytic performance owing to prominent absorption in the ultraviolet and visible light region. As compared to Bi2Fe4O9 microplatelets, flower-like three-dimensional porous Bi2Fe4O9 spheres exhibit excellent photocatalytic degration rate of methyl orange (MO).
Sphingosine kinase 1-interacting protein is a novel regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Authors: Wang Yu , Harashima Shin-ichi , Liu Yanyan , Usui Ryota , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is essential in keeping blood glucose levels within normal range. GSIS is impaired in type 2 diabetes, and its recovery is crucial in treatment of the disease. We find here that sphingosine kinase 1-interacting protein (SKIP, also called Sphkap) is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells but not in α-cells. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test showed that plasma glucose levels were decreased and insulin levels were increased in SKIP−/− mice compared to SKIP+/+ mice, but exendin-4-enhanced insulin secretion was masked. GSIS was amplified more in SKIP−/− but exendin-4-enhanced insulin secretion was masked compared to that in SKIP+/+ islets. The ATP and cAMP content were similarly increased in SKIP+/+ and SKIP−/− islets; depolarization-evoked, PKA and cAMP-mediated insulin secretion were not affected. Inhibition of PDE activity equally augmented GSIS in SKIP+/+ and SKIP−/− islets. These results indicate that SKIP modulates GSIS by a pathway distinct from that of cAMP-, PDE- and sphingosine kinase-dependent pathways.
The Histone Methyltransferase Ash1l is Required for Epidermal Homeostasis in Mice
Authors: Li Gang , Ye Zhisheng , Shi Cheng , Sun Ling , Han Min , Zhuang Yuan , Xu Tian , Zhao Shimin , Wu Xiaohui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEpidermal homeostasis under normal and healing conditions are critical for the physical and functional maintenance of the skin barrier. It requires a proper balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation under genetic and epigenetic regulations. Here we show that mice carrying a hypomorphic mutation of the histone methyltransferase Ash1l [(absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)] develop epidermal hyperplasia and impaired epidermal stratification upon aging. In adult mutants, loss of Ash1l leads to more proliferative keratinocytes in disturbed differentiation stages. After wounding, Ash1l mutation leads to delayed re-epithlialization but increased keratinocyte proliferation at the wound edge. Elevated c-Myc expression could be observed in both aged and wounded mutant tissues. Taken together, these observations revealed an important role of the epigenetic regulator Ash1l in epidermal homeostasis.
Mechanistic Investigations of the Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor Rotenone in the Context of Pharmacological and Safety Evaluation
Authors: Heinz Sabrina , Freyberger Alexius , Lawrenz Bettina , Schladt Ludwig , Schmuck Gabriele , Ellinger-Ziegelbauer Heidrun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I are suggested to exert anti-tumor activity on those tumors relying on oxidative metabolism and are therefore of interest to oncology research. Nevertheless, the safety profile of these inhibitors should be thoroughly assessed. Rotenone, a proven complex I inhibitor, has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in several studies. In this context rotenone was used in this study as a tool compound with the aim to identify suitable biomarker candidates and provide enhanced mechanistic insights into the molecular and cellular effects of complex I inhibitors. Rats were treated with 400 ppm rotenone daily for 1, 3 or 14 consecutive days followed by necropsy. Classical clinical endpoints, including hematology, clinical chemistry and histopathology with supporting investigations (FACS-analysis, enzymatic activity assays) were examined as well as gene expression analysis. Through these investigations, we identified liver, bone marrow and bone as target organs amongst approx. 40 organs evaluated at least histopathologically. Our results suggest blood analysis, bone marrow parameters, assessment of lactate in serum and glycogen in liver, and especially gene expression analysis in liver as useful parameters for an experimental model to help to characterize the profile of complex I inhibitors with respect to a tolerable risk-benefit balance.
Acute effects of focused ultrasound-induced increases in blood-brain barrier permeability on rat microvascular transcriptome
Authors: McMahon Dallan , Bendayan Reina , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTherapeutic treatment options for central nervous system diseases are greatly limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS), in conjunction with circulating microbubbles, can be used to induce a targeted and transient increase in BBB permeability, providing a unique approach for the delivery of drugs from the systemic circulation into the brain. While preclinical research has demonstrated the utility of FUS, there remains a large gap in our knowledge regarding the impact of sonication on BBB gene expression. This work is focused on investigating the transcriptional changes in dorsal hippocampal rat microvessels in the acute stages following sonication. Microarray analysis of microvessels was performed at 6 and 24 hrs post-FUS. Expression changes in individual genes and bioinformatic analysis suggests that FUS may induce a transient inflammatory response in microvessels. Increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokine genes appears to be short-lived, largely returning to baseline by 24 hrs. This observation may help to explain some previously observed bioeffects of FUS and may also be a driving force for the angiogenic processes and reduced drug efflux suggested by this work. While further studies are necessary, these results open up intriguing possibilities for novel FUS applications and suggest possible routes for pharmacologically modifying the technique.
The role of motion and number of element locations in mirror symmetry perception
Authors: Sharman Rebecca J. , Gheorghiu Elena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe human visual system has specialised mechanisms for encoding mirror-symmetry and for detecting symmetric motion-directions for objects that loom or recede from the observers. The contribution of motion to mirror-symmetry perception has never been investigated. Here we examine symmetry detection thresholds for stationary (static and dynamic flicker) and symmetrically moving patterns (inwards, outwards, random directions) with and without positional symmetry. We also measured motion detection and direction-discrimination thresholds for horizontal (left, right) and symmetrically moving patterns with and without positional symmetry. We found that symmetry detection thresholds were (a) significantly higher for static patterns, but there was no difference between the dynamic flicker and symmetrical motion conditions, and (b) higher than motion detection and direction-discrimination thresholds for horizontal or symmetrical motion, with or without positional symmetry. In addition, symmetrical motion was as easy to detect or discriminate as horizontal motion. We conclude that whilst symmetrical motion per se does not contribute to symmetry perception, limiting the lifetime of pattern elements does improve performance by increasing the number of element-locations as elements move from one location to the next. This may be explained by a temporal integration process in which weak, noisy symmetry signals are combined to produce a stronger signal.