bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Comparing a Novel Equation With Commonly Used Equations in this Population
Authors: Salvador Cathrin L. , Hartmann Anders , Åsberg Anders , Bergan Stein , Rowe Alexander D. , Mørkrid Lars 
Published: November 2017

Background
Assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important in kidney transplantation. The aim was to develop a kidney transplant specific equation for estimating GFR and evaluate against published equations commonly used for GFR estimation in these patients.

Methods
Adult kidney recipients (n = 594) were included, and blood samples were collected 10 weeks posttransplant. GFR was measured by 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearance. Patients were randomized into a reference group (n = 297) to generate a new equation and a test group (n = 297) for comparing it with 7 alternative equations.

Results
Two thirds of the test group were males. The median (2.5-97.5 percentile) age was 52 (23-75) years, cystatin C, 1.63 (1.00-3.04) mg/L; creatinine, 117 (63-220) μmol/L; and measured GFR, 51 (29-78) mL/min per 1.73 m2. We also performed external evaluation in 133 recipients without the use of trimethoprim, using iohexol clearance for measured GFR. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was the most accurate of the creatinine-equations. The new equation, estimated GFR (eGFR) = 991.15 × (1.120sex/([age0.097] × [cystatin C0.306] × [creatinine0.527]); where sex is denoted: 0, female; 1, male, demonstrating a better accuracy with a low bias as well as good precision compared with reference equations. Trimethoprim did not influence the performance of the new equation.

Conclusions
The new equation demonstrated superior accuracy, precision, and low bias. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was the most accurate of the creatinine-based equations.
Tissue is more important than time: insights into acute ischemic stroke from modern brain imaging
Authors: Bivard Andrew , Parsons Mark 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
The clinical practice of acute ischemic stroke treatment has undergone a major change over the last 5 years, as multimodal imaging becomes more accessible, and evidence mounts that individualized treatment is possible. Multimodal imaging performed before treatment provides invaluable information to treating clinicians, which includes confirmation of the diagnosis, and provides guidance on the appropriateness and the likely outcome of intravenous or endovascular treatment for individual patients (and their families). However, often health systems struggle to keep pace with science; thus, a one-size fits all protocol-driven basic imaging approach is still the norm in many stroke centers.

Recent findings
Comprehensive multimodal computed tomography (CT) (incorporating noncontrast CT, CT angiography, and perfusion CT) provides rapid, reliable information about stroke pathophysiology that cannot be provided by more limited imaging prior to treatment. Multimodal CT identifies treatment responders for both intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. Now we are in the era of thrombectomy, the use of multimodal imaging routinely to guide treatment can no longer be avoided.

Summary
In light of the ground breaking thrombectomy trial results and previous studies validating the use of multimodal imaging, there is now a strong rationale for performing comprehensive multimodal CT assessments before treatment as a standard of care for all stroke patients.
Pregnancy and ischemic stroke: a practical guide to management
Authors: van Alebeek Mayte E. , de Heus Roel , Tuladhar Anil M. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Ischemic stroke during pregnancy or the puerperium is a devastating disease during a crucial period in life and warrants a specific approach. To date, current practice is mainly based on expert opinion because of a lack of randomized controlled trials and high-quality observational studies. The present review is intended as a practical guide to (acute) management of ischemic stroke during pregnancy and puerperium.

Recent findings
Recent findings showed that the incidence of stroke during pregnancy is rising. In 2014, the first guideline for the prevention of stroke in women was released, however on many (pregnancy) related topics the evidence was too scarce to make clear evidence-based recommendations.

Summary
The risk of ischemic stroke is elevated especially from the third trimester until 6 weeks postpartum. MRI is the most accurate and well tolerated diagnostic option but low-dose CT-head is a valid alternative. Reperfusion therapies should not be withheld from a pregnant woman with moderate-to-severe stroke when benefits outweigh the risk. Aspirin up to 150 mg daily is considered well tolerated during pregnancy and lactation period. Multidisciplinary care is essential when counseling these women in the acute and later stages.
Aspects of professional ethics in the real world
Authors: Brady Declan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to describe a perspective from the Council of European Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS) on the role of ethics in IT professionalism, and what that means in a practical sense for IT practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper develops ideas generated in a series of micro-conferences hosted by CEPIS on the topic of ethics, in the context of establishing a professional ethics framework as part of CEPIS’ work in support of IT professionalism.

Findings
Professional ethics is the weakest of the four professional pillars, and development of supports and resources is required. CEPIS is taking action in this areas.

Practical implications
Without a framework, and without IT Practitioners themselves taking a coordinated action, there risks a fragmentation of responses to ethical questions.

Originality/value
This paper describes the view of the CEPIS on the need for, and role of, professional ethics, and how that might be supported.
How network managers influence the export intensity: evidence from Italy
Authors: Rubino Michele , Vitolla Filippo , Garzoni Antonello 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze, through an empirical study, the Italian network agreements in order to evaluate how the activities and attitudes of the network managers impact on export intensity.Design/methodology/approachUsing the data of a questionnaire survey from 182 Italian firms that have joined the network in 2012; regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses related to the network managers.FindingsThe results indicate that planning activity performed by the network manager is the most significant variable that positively influences the export intensity. Also the international experience and social and relational activities performed by the network managers influence the level of exports. Network managers’ perceived advantages and barriers have a different impact on the dependent variable.Practical implicationsThe analysis of the role played by network managers helps to increase the awareness that the success of the network depends on the quality of the network managers’ activities and their attitudes and characteristics. The results suggest that in every network should be present the figure of the network manager.Originality/valueThis research is one of the first studies to analyze the Italian network agreements and role of network managers. Second, from a theoretical standpoint, the authors add to the existing literature a specific analysis that relates primarily to small firms, showing that, in this context the results are not always consistent with prior studies.
Reflections on the theme issue outcomes
Authors: Séraphin Hugues , Gowreesunkar Vanessa G.B. , Teare Richard 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to profile the WHATT theme issue “What marketing strategy for destinations with a negative image?” with reference to the experiences of the theme editor and writing team.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editors to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the contributors and material and the editorial process.

Findings
This paper provides insights and practical suggestions in response to the theme issue question from different academic and professional backgrounds in fields as diverse as marketing, tourism, economics and heritage management.

Practical implications
The theme issue outcomes provide lines of enquiry for others to explore and reinforce the value of WHATT’s approach to collaborative working and writing.

Originality/value
The collaborative work reported in this theme issue offers a unified but contrarian response to the theme’s strategic question. Taken together, the papers provide a range of options for destination marketing organizations in response to the issues highlighted.
Patterns of paediatric emergency presentations to a tertiary referral centre in the Northern Territory
Authors: Buntsma Davina , Lithgow Anna , O'Neill Evan , Palmer Didier , Morris Peter , Acworth Jason , Babl Franz E ,   for the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe epidemiological data concerning paediatric attendances at the ED of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of paediatric emergency presentations to the RDH ED during 2004 and 2013. Epidemiological data, including demographics, admission rates and diagnostic grouping, were analysed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. We compared data with findings from a baseline epidemiological study by the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) conducted in 2004.ResultsA total of 12 745 and 15 378 paediatric presentations (age 0–18 years) to the RDH ED were analysed for the years 2004 and 2013 respectively. In 2004, the mean age of children presenting to RDH was 7.1 years, and 56.0% were female. Indigenous patients accounted for 31.2% of presentations at RDH and were significantly more likely to be admitted than non‐Indigenous patients (31.6% vs 12.8%, OR 3.24, 95% CI 2.95–3.55). Children <5 years old accounted for the highest number of presentations (45.2%) and admissions (51.2%), and there was a high proportion of adolescent presentations (18.0%). Similar to the PREDICT study, viral infectious conditions (bronchiolitis, gastroenteritis, upper respiratory tract infections) were the most common cause for presentations. Key differences included a higher proportion of patients presenting with cellulitis and head injury at RDH and an increasing proportion of adolescent psychiatric presentations at RDH from 2004 to 2013.ConclusionThis study provides important information regarding paediatric presentations to a major referral hospital in the Northern Territory. Overall, there was a disproportionate rate of presentation and admission among Indigenous children. Other key findings were higher proportions of cellulitis, head injury and adolescent presentations. These findings can assist in service planning and in directing future research specific to children in the Northern Territory.
Dying to be Beautiful: Fragile Fashionistas and Consumptive Dress in England, 1780‐1820
Authors: Day Carolyn A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries there was a tubercular moment in which cultural ideas about beauty increasingly intertwined with the disease process of tuberculosis (consumption), allowing the ravages of the illness to be presented in an aesthetically pleasing light. The results of this discourse were visible in the fashions and beauty ideals of the period. This article addresses the dynamic interaction between fashion and disease in the period from 1780 to 1820, as not only was dress accorded responsibility as a causative agent of consumption but the ravages of the illness were also often highlighted by prevailing fashions.
Working memory predicts methamphetamine hair concentration over the course of treatment: moderating effect of impulsivity and implications for dual‐systems model
Authors: Rubenis Adam J. , Fitzpatrick Rebecca E. , Lubman Dan I. , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh impulsivity and poor executive function are characteristic of methamphetamine use disorder. High arousal in the impulsive system has been proposed to compromise the executive system's regulating ability (i.e. the dual‐systems model). While interaction between these variables may partly explain poor treatment outcomes associated with methamphetamine use disorder, previous research has tended to examine each factor separately. We investigated whether high impulsivity (measured with an impulsive choice task) and poor executive function (measured with a working memory task) predict methamphetamine use (determined by hair sample) in the 6 weeks following treatment commencement. We also investigated whether impulsive choice moderates the relationship between working memory and methamphetamine use. One hundred and eight individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (75 percent male) were tested within 3 weeks of commencing treatment; 80 (74 percent) were followed up 6 weeks following baseline testing. Cognitive measures significantly predicted drug use after controlling for nuisance variables. Working memory was a significant predictor, while impulsive choice was not. The interaction model included working memory as a predictor and impulsive choice as a moderator. This model was significant, as was the interaction term. Working memory significantly predicted levels of methamphetamine use in early treatment, and impulsive choice moderated this relationship. Those with working memory deficits are particularly vulnerable to using greater amounts of methamphetamine. As working memory increased methamphetamine use decreased among individuals with low/medium delay discounting. Pre‐treatment cognitive testing may identify patients at high risk, while remediation of working memory function may be a treatment target for reducing methamphetamine use.
The utility of monitoring trimellitic anhydride (TMA)‐specific IgG to predict IgE‐mediated sensitization in an immunosurveillance program
Authors: Ghosh D. , Clay C. , Bernstein J. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace exposure to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) can elicit TMA‐specific IgE (sIgE), which may lead to occupational asthma (OA). An occupational immunosurveillance program (OISP) has been implemented to monitor TMA exposure and immunologic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TMA‐specific IgG (sIgG) responses can discriminate between TMA‐exposed workers with and without sIgE responses.MethodsSerum TMA‐specific antibody (IgG, IgG4, and IgE) levels were estimated longitudinally (years 2006 to 2014) in TMA‐exposed workers recruited in low, medium, and high exposure areas. sIgG and sIgE titers plotted against exposure duration were compared between workers with (a) sIgG only and (b) with sIgG who developed sIgE.ResultsAmong 92 TMA‐exposed workers continuously monitored for sIgG and sIgE, 38 developed sIgG; 11 developed a sIgE response 342.38 ± 186.03 days posthire and were removed from exposure. The average detection time of sIgG in removed workers (159 ± 92 days) was significantly shorter than for actively exposed workers with only sIgG (346 ± 187 days). Workers with earlier sIgG responses of higher titer (mean value 42.25 μg/mL) compared to delayed responders with lower sIgG titers (mean value 14.79 μg/mL) more frequently developed sIgE responses. Hierarchical clustering showed the initial magnitude and exposure time required for detectable sIgG production discriminated between workers with only sIgG from workers who subsequently produced sIgE.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the utility of longitudinally monitoring TMA‐specific antibodies in an OISP as exposed workers with early sIgG responses and of higher magnitude are more likely to develop TMA sIgE sensitization.
Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces inflammation and enhances apoptosis in rat acute pancreatitis
Authors: Najenson A. C. , Courreges A. P. , Perazzo J. C. , Rubio M. F. , Vatta M. S. , Bianciotti L. G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimWe previously reported that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces serum amylase and intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation in the onset of acute pancreatitis whereas secretin increases them. In the present work, we sought to establish the effect of ANP and secretin on the inflammatory response and cell death in experimental acute pancreatitis.MethodsThe expression and activity of key inflammatory mediators and apoptosis were evaluated in the presence or absence of the atrial peptide, secretin or both in cerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Also, ultrastructural changes in pancreatic acinar cells were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsANP significantly reduced NF‐κB activation and TNF‐α intrapancreatic levels. Furthermore, it decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 expression and activity while it diminished myeloperoxidase activity. ANP also stimulated apoptosis as shown by caspase‐3 expression and activation as well as TUNEL assay. These findings correlated well with the ultrastructural changes observed in the exocrine pancreas. Although secretin reduced various inflammatory markers, it also diminished caspase‐3 activation and the overall response was the aggravation of the disease as reflected by the ultrastructural alterations of pancreatic acinar cells. In the presence of ANP, various effects evoked by secretin were antagonized.ConclusionPresent findings show that ANP significantly attenuated the severity of acute pancreatitis in the rat by inducing apoptosis and reducing the inflammatory response and further suggest that ANP may have eventual therapeutic implications in the disease and/or in medical interventions at risk of its developing like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid increases triacylglycerol accumulation in goat mammary epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Zhang Tianying , Ma Yue , Wang Hui , Loor Juan J , Xu Huifen , Shi Huaiping , Luo Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTrans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12‐CLA) is well‐established in decreasing milk fat content and causing milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cattle and goats. However, the detailed mechanisms of its effect are not completely understood. Therefore, we used goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) to further study the molecular mechanisms whereby t10c12‐CLA regulates milk fat synthesis. The optimal concentration of t10c12‐CLA (100 μmol/L) for cell culture was determined through a cell vitality and morphology assay, and evaluation of abundance of apoptosis‐related proteins. Oil red O stain indicated that t10c12‐CLA increased concentration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Furthermore, t10c12‐CLA increased the intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) content (P < 0.05). Among 16 genes related to lipid metabolism that were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR, t10c12‐CLA down‐regulated (P < 0.05) genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis including FASN, ACACA and SCD1, and also down‐regulated the protein expression of FASN and SCD1 but up‐regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of CD36 and ADRP. Overall, the data indicate that a side effect of de novo fatty acid synthesis inhibition by t10c12‐CLA is the up‐regulation of fatty acid uptake and accumulation of lipid droplets in GMECs. The biologic reason for such an effect merits further study.
Intestinal anti-transglutaminase 2 immunoglobulin A deposits in children at risk for coeliac disease (CD): data from the PreventCD study
Authors: Borrelli M , Maglio M , Korponay-Szabó I R , Vass V , Mearin M L , Meijer C , Niv-Drori H , Ribes-Koninckx C , Roca M , Shamir R , Troncone R , Auricchio R 
Published: November 2017

Summary
In coeliac disease (CD), anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 immunoglobulin (Ig)A antibodies (anti-TG2) are produced and deposited in the intestine. PreventCD (www.preventcd.com) is a European multi-centre study, which investigates the influence of infant nutrition and that of genetic, immunological and other environmental factors on the risk of developing CD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the appearance of intestinal anti-TG2 deposits in very early intestinal biopsies from at-risk infants and their predictive value for villous atrophy. Sixty-five small bowel biopsies, performed in 62 children, were investigated for the presence of intestinal anti-TG2 extracellular IgA deposits by using double immunofluorescence. The biopsies were performed in the presence of elevated serum levels of CD-associated antibodies and/or symptoms suggesting disease. Deposits of anti-TG2 IgA were present in 53 of 53 CD patients and three of three potential CD patients. In potential CD patients, mucosal deposits showed a patchy distribution characterized by some areas completely negative, whereas active CD patients had uniformly present and evident mucosal deposits. Only one of six patients without CD (negative for serum anti-TG2 and with normal mucosa) had intestinal deposits with a patchy distribution and a weak staining. Two of the 53 CD patients received a definitive diagnosis of CD after a second or third biopsy; mucosal deposits of anti-TG2 IgA were evaluated in all samples. Before developing villous atrophy, both patients had anti-TG2 deposits in normal mucosal architecture, antibodies in one patient being absent in serum. We demonstrated that in CD the intestinal deposits of anti-TG2 are a constant presence and appear very early in the natural history of disease.
Risk factors for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after Thymoglobulin‐conditioned hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Kalra Amit , Roessner Cameron , Jupp Jennifer , Williamson Tyler , Tellier Raymond , Chaudhry Ahsan , Khan Faisal , Taparia Minakshi , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor H. , Stewart Douglas A. , Daly Andrew , Storek Jan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐induced post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) occurs frequently when rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is used in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) conditioning. We retrospectively studied 554 patients undergoing ATG‐conditioned myeloablative HCT. Strategies used to minimize mortality due to PTLD were either therapy of biopsy‐diagnosed PTLD in the absence of EBV DNAemia monitoring (n = 266) or prompt therapy of presumed PTLD (based on clinical/radiologic signs and high EBV DNAemia, in the setting of weekly EBV DNAemia monitoring) (n = 199). Both strategies resulted in similar mortality due to PTLD (0.7% vs 1% at 2 years, P = .43) and similar overall survival (63% vs 67% at 2 years, P = .23) even though there was a trend toward higher PTLD incidence with the prompt therapy. Donor positive with recipient negative EBV (D+R−) serostatus was a risk factor for developing PTLD. Older patient age, HLA‐mismatched donor, and graft‐versus‐host disease were not associated with increased risk of PTLD. In summary, in ATG‐conditioned HCT, D+R− serostatus, but not older age, mismatched donor or GVHD is a risk factor for developing PTLD. EBV DNAemia monitoring may be a weak risk factor for developing/diagnosing PTLD; the monitoring coupled with prompt therapy does not improve survival.