bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Green Energy Storage Systems with MXene for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Zaed MA , Abdullah Norulsamani , Tan K.H. , Hossain MH , Saidur R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreen energy storage systems play a vital role in enabling a sustainable future by facilitating the efficient integration and utilization of renewable energy sources. The main problems related to two‐dimensional (2D) materials are their difficult synthesis process, high cost, and bulk production, which hamper their performance. In recent years, MXenes have emerged as highly promising materials for enhancing the performance of energy storage devices due to their unique properties, including their high surface area, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and exceptional chemical stability. This paper presents a comprehensive scientific approach that explores the potential of MXenes for empowering green energy storage systems. Which indicates the novelty of the article. The paper reviews the latest advances in MXene synthesis techniques. Furthermore, investigates the application of MXenes in various energy storage technologies, such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging energy storage devices. The utilization of MXenes as electrodes in flexible and transparent energy storage devices is also discussed. Moreover, the paper highlights the potential of MXenes in addressing key challenges in energy storage, including enhancing energy storage capacity, improving cycling stability, and promoting fast charging and discharging rates. Additionally, industrial application and cost estimation of MXenes are explored. As the output of the work, we analyzed that HF and modified acid (LiF and HCl) are the established methods for synthesis. Due to high electrical conductivity, MXene materials are showing extraordinary results in energy storage and related applications. Making a composite hydrothermal method is one of the established methods. This scientific paper underscores the significant contributions of MXenes in advancing green energy storage systems, paving the way for a sustainable future driven by renewable energy sources. To facilitate the research, this article includes technical challenges and future recommendations for further research gaps in the topic.
Experiences of marginalized women pursuing doctoral degrees in chemistry: The critical role of recognition
Authors: Jones Tamera , Ahmed Rehnuma , Cieza Elizabeth , Pratt Justin M. , Popova Maia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEven though marginalized women are earning more doctoral degrees in chemistry than ever before, the proportion of women who complete chemistry doctorates does not reflect national population trends. Previous research has explored the experiences of marginalized women seeking chemistry doctorate degrees. These studies highlight the issues that marginalized women face but do not explain why they face them or the systemic issues that underpin these experiences. This study captures the firsthand experiences of marginalized domestic and international women (Black, Hispanic/Latina, Asian, Pacific Islander, and Indigenous) pursuing graduate degrees in chemistry. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 29 participants to understand how their social identities might impact the development of their science identities. Intersectionality and the Science Identity Model informed both the interview guide and the interpretation of our data. Deductive and inductive coding, constant comparative analysis, and thematic analysis were used to examine the interplay between participants' identities and experiences. We found that recognition had a critical impact on women's science identities. Results show that participants received more positive recognition than negative from their academic community. The participants who received mostly positive recognition developed research, teaching, and altruistic science identities. Most of the positive recognition was associated with research accomplishments, which is not surprising since doctoral programs in chemistry focus primarily on research training. Conversely, the participants who received mostly negative forms of recognition developed disrupted science identities. These women described being tokenized, taken advantage of, and having their accomplishments dismissed because of their gender, race, and ethnicity. Additionally, sexist and racist comments surrounding appearance, speech, and demeanor contributed to a diminished sense of being taken seriously and, consequently, feeling less like a scientist.
Plasma and Milk Pharmacokinetics and Estimated Milk Withdrawal Time of Tolfenamic Acid in Lactating Sheep
Authors: Corum Orhan , Uney Kamil , Coskun Devran , Durna Corum Duygu , Cetin Gul , Elmas Muammer 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the plasma and milk pharmacokinetics, as well as the withdrawal time (WT) from milk of tolfenamic acid (2 and 4 mg/kg) following intravenous (IV) administration to eight healthy lactating Akkaraman sheep.MethodsThe trial was conducted in two periods in accordance with a crossover pharmacokinetic design. The concentrations of tolfenamic acid in the plasma and milk were determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography and evaluated using non‐compartmental analysis. The WT of tolfenamic acid in milk was calculated using the WT 1.4 software.ResultsCompared to the 2 mg/kg dose, plasma volume of distribution at steady state (from 0.43 to 0.50 L/kg), terminal elimination half‐life (from 2.41 to 4.14 h) and dose‐normalized area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0−∞, from 9.46 to 30.11 h µg/mL) increased, whereas total body clearance (from 0.21 to 0.13 L/h/kg) decreased at the 4 mg/kg dose. The peak milk concentration (Cmax) and AUC0−∞ values in milk were 0.26 µg/mL and 0.28 h µg/mL, respectively, for 2 mg/kg, and 0.43 µg/mL and 0.55 h µg/mL, respectively, for 4 mg/kg. Although the dose‐normalized Cmax of milk decreased depending on the dose, no difference was observed in dose‐normalized AUC0−∞. The AUC0−∞ milk/AUC0−∞ plasma ratio was 0.03 for 2 mg/kg and 0.02 for 4 mg/kg. The WT values calculated for milk at dosages of 2 and 4 mg/kg were 3 and 4 h, respectively.ConclusionsA decrease in plasma elimination and an increase in plasma concentration of tolfenamic acid were observed depending on the dose. Tolfenamic acid lowly passed into sheep's milk at 2 and 4 mg/kg doses. This study may provide valuable information for clinicians’ decision‐making processes.
Perioperative Change of High‐Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I Concentration in Cats According to Three Different Anaesthesia Protocols
Authors: Safak Tarik , Yılmaz‐Koç Oznur , Karakaya‐Bilen Ebru 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiac troponin I, a particular biomarker, is released into the bloodstream in response to myocardial injury.ObjectivesTo evaluate perioperative changes in high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) concentration during ovariohysterectomy in cats undergoing three different anaesthesia protocols.Methods Twenty‐one female mixed‐breed cats owned by clients aged (2.2 ± 0.7 years) and weight (3.2 ± 0.5 kg) were included in our study. The cats were divided into three groups: propofol–isoflurane (PI) group (n = 7), xylazine–ketamine (XK) group (n = 7) and xylazine–isoflurane (XI) group (n = 7). After pre‐anaesthetic propofol (6 mg/kg IV) was administered to cats in Group PI, a mask was placed, and anaesthesia was maintained with 3.0% isoflurane in oxygen. Cats in Group XK underwent general anesthetization with xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg IM) and, 10 min later, ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg IM). Cats in Group XI were administered xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg IM), and then anaesthesia (3.0% isoflurane and oxygen) was continued with a mask. Blood samples were collected from all cats; preoperatively and postoperatively at 0 and 12 h (Pre‐, Post‐0 h and Post‐12 h, respectively). Serum hs‐cTnI concentrations were measured with the Advia Centaur TnI‐Ultra.ResultsIn all 21 cats, hs‐cTnI concentration increased at Post‐0 h and 12 h measurement points compared to Pre‐. In the XK group, hs‐cTnI concentrations exhibited a significant increase at the Post‐0 h (51.30 ng/L) and Post‐12 h (157.70 ng/L) time points compared to Pre‐ (6.70 ng/L) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe XK group increased the concentration of hs‐cTnI more than other protocols. In the PI group, the increase in hs‐cTnI concentrations at Post‐0 and 12 h increased less than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The PI group was found to induce less myocardial damage.
Associative and self‐limiting immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia in a dog with bicavitary sepsis
Authors: Mattavelli Clara , Humm Karen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA 4‐month‐old, entire, female whippet was initially referred for dyspnoea after gastrotomy surgery for stick removal. Anaemia was not present at that time. Pyothorax and septic peritonitis due to gastric perforation and a diaphragmatic tear were confirmed. Exploratory celiotomy, gastric wall repair and transdiaphragmatic exploratory thoracotomy were performed, and clavulanate‐potentiated amoxicillin therapy was started. The dog recovered well and was discharged 4 days after the procedures. Within 24 hours, the patient was re‐admitted for collapse. Severe anaemia was found, and a diagnosis of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia was made. The dog was resuscitated with a packed red blood cell transfusion. Clavulanate‐potentiated amoxicillin was substituted with marbofloxacin. No immunosuppressive therapy was started due to the risks related to the recent gastrointestinal surgery and sepsis and the strong suspicion of an associative form of haemolysis. The anaemia resolved 8 days after the second presentation, and the dog remained stable without any further treatment.
Introduction
Authors: Altaf Anika , Tsikata Dzodzi , Torvikey Gertrude Dzifa , Dekker Marleen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmidst the uncertainty in the early days of the pandemic in 2020, the knowledge platform on inclusive development policies (INCLUDE) initiated the research programme ‘Equity in COVID-19’. The introduction provides a short description on the pandemics’ trajectory in Africa, with a focus on the first wave in 2020, an elaboration of the research focus and approach, as well as a contextual description on the status of development in the country cases at the time the pandemic occurred.
Approximate CFTs and random tensor models
Authors: Belin Alexandre , de Boer Jan , Jafferis Daniel L. , Nayak Pranjal , Sonner Julian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A key issue in both the field of quantum chaos and quantum gravity is an effective description of chaotic conformal field theories (CFTs), that is CFTs that have a quantum ergodic limit. We develop a framework incorporating the constraints of conformal symmetry and locality, allowing the definition of ensembles of ‘CFT data’. These ensembles take on the same role as the ensembles of random Hamiltonians in more conventional quantum ergodic phases of many-body quantum systems. To describe individual members of the ensembles, we introduce the notion of approximate CFT, defined as a collection of ‘CFT data’ satisfying the usual CFT constraints approximately, i.e. up to small deviations. We show that they generically exist by providing concrete examples. Ensembles of approximate CFTs are very natural in holography, as every member of the ensemble is indistinguishable from a true CFT for low-energy probes that only have access to information from semi-classical gravity. To specify these ensembles, we impose successively higher moments of the CFT constraints. Lastly, we propose a theory of pure gravity in AdS3 as a random matrix/tensor model implementing approximate CFT constraints. This tensor model is the maximum ignorance ensemble compatible with conformal symmetry, crossing invariance, and a primary gap to the black-hole threshold. The resulting theory is a random matrix/tensor model governed by the Virasoro 6j-symbol.
Quasinormal modes and universality of the Penrose limit of black hole photon rings
Authors: Giataganas D. , Kehagias A. , Riotto A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the physics of photon rings in a wide range of axisymmetric black holes admitting a separable Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the geodesics. Utilizing the Killing-Yano tensor, we derive the Penrose limit of the black holes, which describes the physics near the photon ring. The obtained plane wave geometry is directly linked to the frequency matrix of the massless wave equation, as well as the instabilities and Lyapunov exponents of the null geodesics. Consequently, the Lyapunov exponents and frequencies of the photon geodesics, along with the quasinormal modes, can be all extracted from a Hamiltonian in the Penrose limit plane wave metric. Additionally, we explore potential bounds on the Lyapunov exponent, the orbital and precession frequencies, in connection with the corresponding inverted harmonic oscillators and we discuss the possibility of photon rings serving as effective holographic horizons in a holographic duality framework for astrophysical black holes. Our formalism is applicable to spacetimes encompassing various types of black holes, including stationary ones like Kerr, Kerr-Newman, as well as static black holes such as Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, among others.
Patient- vs organ-based prognostic tools for older patients in critical care units
Authors: Hochleitner Melanie , Pickert Lena , Nolting Nick A. , Affeldt Anna Maria , Becker Ingrid , Benzing Thomas , Kochanek Matthias , Polidori Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Anticipating a doubling of older adults in Europe by 2050, healthcare systems face substantial challenges, particularly in critical care units. However, there is still a lack of evidence-based knowledge for treating and assessing mortality risk in older patients. This study compared the predictive accuracy of two assessment tools for long-term outcomes among older patients: the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). As the MPI is based on a more holistic assessment, it may provide a more accurate prediction than the organ-based SOFA.

Objective
Does the MPI provide a more accurate prediction of mortality risk and quality of life for older patients in critical care units than the organ-based SOFA score?

Methods
In a 6-month study, 96 patients aged 65 and older admitted to intensive (ICU) or intermediate care units (IMC) were enrolled to assess 90-day mortality using a comprehensive geriatric assessment-based MPI and the SOFA score. The follow-up (FU) involved telephone assessments 30 and 90 days after admission, focusing on posthospitalization health and quality of life.

Results
Both MPI (p = 0.039) and SOFA score (p = 0.014) successfully predicted mortality among older IMC and ICU patients in logistic regressions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses demonstrated comparable areas under the curve (AUCs) for MPI (0.618) and SOFA score (0.621), as well as a similar sensitivity and specificity (MPI 61.0% and 52.9%; SOFA score: 68.9% and 45.1%, respectively). The MPI at admission moreover correlated significantly with quality of life (p < 0.001, r = −0.631 at discharge; p = 0.005, r = −0.377 at 30-day FU; p = 0.004, r = −0.409 at 90-day FU) and nursing needs (Mann–Whitney U‑test, p = 0.002 at 30-day FU; p = 0.011 at 90-day FU) at FU, while the SOFA score did not show significant associations with respect to these parameters.

Conclusions
In geriatric critical care, both the MPI and the SOFA score effectively predict mortality risk. While the SOFA score may appear more practical due to its simpler and faster implementation, only the MPI demonstrated significant correlations with quality of life and nursing needs in the FU after 30 and 90 days.
Regional differences, repeated use, and costs of emergency medical services in Germany
Authors: Roessler Martin , Schulte Claudia , Bobeth Christoph , Petrautzki Isabelle , Korthauer Laura , Dahmen Janosch , Wende Danny , Karagiannidis Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Little is known about regional differences regarding the utilization and costs of emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany. Evidence on characteristics of repeated use of EMS is also scarce.

Objectives
To compare German federal states regarding the utilization and costs of EMS and to analyze characteristics of repeated EMS use.

Materials and methods
We used BARMER health insurance data on more than 1.4 million German EMS cases in 2022. We estimated EMS use rates (per 1000 inhabitants) and median reimbursements and costs by EMS type (ground transport with/without emergency physician (EP); helicopter emergency medical services), hospitalization status, and federal state. We applied Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), capturing relationships between repeated use of EMS and individual characteristics, including care degree and income level.

Results
Ground transport EMS use rates varied between federal states by more than 2.6-fold without EP (Bavaria: 84.6; Berlin: 223.2) and 2.1-fold with EP (Bremen: 19.1; Saxony: 41.3). Median reimbursement of ground transport with EP was 132% higher in Schleswig-Holstein (€ 1530) compared with Berlin (€ 660). Approximately one-third of all persons used EMS more than once and accounted for two-thirds of all EMS cases. Repeated EMS use was strongly related to care degree (IRR of care degree 5: 3084; 95% CI 3.012–3.158) and low income (IRR: 1.174; 95% CI 1.161–1.189).

Conclusions
The substantial regional heterogeneity in terms of utilization and costs of EMS calls for a nationwide, consistent regulation of EMS in Germany. Additionally, (outpatient) primary nursing care of persons with severe health impairments and health literacy should be strengthened.
Extragustatory bitter taste receptors in head and neck health and disease
Authors: Harris Jacob C. , Lee Robert J. , Carey Ryan M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTaste receptors, first described for their gustatory functions within the oral cavity and oropharynx, are now known to be expressed in many organ systems. Even intraoral taste receptors regulate non-sensory pathways, and recent literature has connected bitter taste receptors to various states of health and disease. These extragustatory pathways involve previously unexplored, clinically relevant roles for taste signaling in areas including susceptibility to infection, antibiotic efficacy, and cancer outcomes. Among other physicians, otolaryngologists who manage head and neck diseases should be aware of this growing body of evidence and its relevance to their fields. In this review, we describe the role of extragustatory taste receptors in head and neck health and disease, highlighting recent advances, clinical implications, and directions for future investigation. Additionally, this review will discuss known TAS2R polymorphisms and the associated implications for clinical prognosis.
Stumpfe Gewalt in der forensischen Radiologie
Authors: Zech Wolf-Dieter , Ruder Thomas D. 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Darstellung der wesentlichen forensisch-radiologischen Untersuchungsmodalitäten und Befunde bei stumpfer Gewalt bei lebenden und verstorbenen Erwachsenen.

Methoden
Herausarbeitung der wesentlichen Punkte anhand eigener praktischer Erfahrung der Autoren sowie einschlägiger Fachliteratur.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Verletzungsbedingte Folgen stumpfer Gewalt sind in der forensisch-radiologischen Diagnostik häufig zu beobachten, vor allem im Rahmen von Unfällen und Suiziden, seltener bei Tötungsdelikten. Die Methode der Wahl zur radiologischen Darstellung von stumpfer Gewalt bei Verstorbenen ist die native postmortale Computertomographie (PMCT). Grundsätzlich unterscheiden sich Folgen stumpfer Gewalt radiologisch in der PMCT nicht wesentlich vom Lebenden. Die postmortale Magnetresonanztomographie (PMMR) ist im kürzeren postmortalen Intervall sehr gut zur Darstellung von stumpfen Weichteilverletzungen geeignet. Bei Lebenden mit Folgen stumpfer Gewalt erfolgt die Indikation zur Bildgebung primär aus klinisch-diagnostischen Gründen. Häufige Indikationen sind häusliche Gewalt, Gewalt an älteren Personen sowie Auseinandersetzungen im öffentlichen Raum. Die Wahl der radiologischen Untersuchungsmethode ist abhängig von klinischer Anamnese und Symptomatik, wobei die radiologischen Untersuchungen einer forensischen Begutachtung unterzogen werden können.
Whittle index approach to the multi-class queueing systems with convex holding costs and IHR service times
Authors: Aalto Samuli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider the dynamic scheduling problem in a single-server multi-class queueing system, where the accumulated holding costs of a customer is a convexly increasing function of the time that the customer spends in the system. This problem was already addressed by van Mieghem in his seminal paper (Ann Appl Probab 5:808–833, 1995). He launched the so-called generalized $$c\mu $$

c
μ

rule and proved its asymptotic optimality in the heavy traffic limit. The optimal scheduling problem with convex holding costs have also been studied in many other papers. However, the holding costs in these papers are typically count-convex, i.e., the aggregate holding cost rate related to a class of customers increases convexly as a function of the current number of customers in this class, which is clearly different from the time-convex holding costs introduced in van Mieghem (Ann Appl Probab 5:808–833, 1995) and studied also in the present paper. We utilize the Whittle index approach to develop a novel heuristic policy for the dynamic scheduling problem with time-convex holding costs. Instead of the original open version of the continuous-time scheduling problem, we apply the Whittle index approach to the corresponding discrete-time closed version of the problem. As the main theoretical contribution, we prove that, for IHR service times, the discounted discrete-time problem is indexable and also give an explicit expression for the Whittle index itself. A special challenge in our model is the two-dimensional state space with an infinite number of possible states. By utilizing the discrete-time results, we develop a novel index policy for the original continuous-time problem and demonstrate, by numerical simulations, that this Whittle index policy outperforms the generalized $$c\mu $$

c
μ

rule. Thus, while the generalized $$c\mu $$

c
μ

rule is asymptotically optimal in the heavy traffic limit, it can still be improved in normal traffic conditions.
Combinatorics of linear stability for Hamiltonian systems in arbitrary dimension
Authors: Moreno Agustin , Ruscelli Francesco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe address the general problem of studying linear stability and bifurcations of periodic orbits for Hamiltonian systems of arbitrary degrees of freedom. We study the topology of the GIT sequence introduced by the first author and Urs Frauenfelder in [7], in arbitrary dimension. In particular, we note that the combinatorics encoding the linear stability of periodic orbits is governed by a quotient of the associahedron. Our approach gives a topological/combinatorial proof of the classical Krein–Moser theorem, and refines it for the case of symmetric orbits.