bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Resistance Patterns to Second-Generation Androgen Blockade in Paired Tumor Biopsies of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Han G. Celine , Hwang Justin , Wankowicz Stephanie A.M. , Zhang Zhenwei , Liu David , Cibulskis Carrie , Gaviola Glenn C. , Ghazikhanian Varand , McKay Rana R. , Bubley Glenn J. , Carter Scott L. , Balk Steven P. , Hahn William C. , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Van Allen Eliezer M. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) receive second-generation androgen-deprivation therapy, but frequently experience relapse or do not respond. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of resistance will help to identify strategies and biomarkers that are essential for the next line of therapy. Patients and Methods We analyzed whole exomes of patient-matched pre- and post-treatment tumors from patients with CRPC. These patients had received the secondary androgen-deprivation therapy agent, abiraterone, which suppresses androgens to below castration levels, or enzalutamide, which competitively inhibits the key androgen signaling effector, androgen receptor. Results We observed that abiraterone-resistant tumors harbored alterations in AR and MYC, whereas enzalutamide-resistant tumors gained alterations in cell-cycle pathway genes, such as mutation in cyclin-dependent kinase N2A ( CDKN2A) or amplification of CDK6. Experimentally, overexpressing cell-cycle kinases promoted enzalutamide resistance in androgen-sensitive LnCAP cells that was mitigated via CDK4/6 blockade—palbociclib and ribociclib. Conclusion CDK4/6-mediated resistance observed in preclinical experiments suggests that CDK4/6 amplifications may sufficiently promote enzalutamide resistance in CRPC, and that these patients may respond to palbociclib or ribociclib. The overall observations suggest that, in genomically selected advanced CRPC, clinical strategies against abiraterone- or enzalutamide-resistant tumors may require treatment strategies that are tailored to the resistance mechanisms that are specific to those patient subpopulations.
Draft genome of tule elk Cervus canadensis nannodes
Authors: Mizzi Jessica E. , Lounsberry Zachary T. , Brown C. Titus , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the first draft genome of the tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes), a subspecies native to California that underwent an extreme genetic bottleneck in the late 1800s. The genome was generated from Illumina HiSeq 3000 whole genome sequencing of four individuals, resulting in the assembly of 2.395 billion base pairs (Gbp) over 602,862 contigs over 500 bp and N50 = 6,885 bp. This genome provides a resource to facilitate future genomic research on elk and other cervids.
The decision to delivery interval in emergency caesarean sections: Impact of anaesthetic technique and work shift
Authors: Hein Anette , Thalen David , Eriksson Ylva , Jakobsson Jan G. 
Published: December 2017

Background: One important task of the emergency anaesthesia service is to provide rapid, safe and effective anaesthesia for emergency caesarean sections (ECS). A Decision to Delivery Interval (DDI) <30 minutes for ECS is a quality indicator for this service. The aim of this study was to assess the DDI and the impact of chosen anaesthetic technique (general anaesthesia (GA), spinal anaesthesia (SPA) with opioid supplementation, or “top-up” of labour epidural analgesia (tEDA) with local anaesthesia and fentanyl mixture) and work shift for ECS at Danderyds Hospital, Sweden. Methods: A retrospective chart review of ECS at Danderyds Hospital was performed between January and October 2016. Time between decision for CS, start of anaesthesia, time for incision and delivery, type of anaesthetic technique, and time of day, working hours or on call and day of week, Monday – Friday, and weekend was compiled and analysed. Time events are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Non-parametric tests were used. Results: In total, 135 ECS were analysed: 92% of the cases were delivered within 30 minutes and mean DDI for all cases was 17.3±8.1 minutes. GA shortened the DDI by 10 and 13 minutes compared to SPA and tEDA (p<0.0005). DDI for SPA and tEDA did not differ. There was no difference in DDI regarding time of day or weekday. Apgar <7 at 5’ was more commonly seen in ECS having GA (11 out of 64) compared to SPA (2/30) and tEDA (1/41) (p<0.05). Conclusion: GA shortens the DDI for ECS, but the use of SPA as well as tEDA with opioid supplementation maintains a short DDI and should be considered when time allows. Top-up epidural did not prolong the DDI compared to SPA. The day of week or time of ECS had no influence on the anaesthesia service as measured by the DDI.
Single-cell heterogeneity and cell-cycle-related viral gene bursts in the human leukaemia virus HTLV-1
Authors: Billman Martin R , Rueda David , Bangham Charles R M 
Published: December 2017

Background: The human leukaemia virus HTLV-1 expresses essential accessory genes that manipulate the expression, splicing and transport of viral mRNAs. Two of these genes,taxandhbz, also promote proliferation of the infected cell, and both genes are thought to contribute to oncogenesis in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. The regulation of HTLV-1 proviral latency is not understood. tax,on the proviral plus strand, is usually silent in freshly-isolated cells, whereas the minus-strand-encodedhbzgene is persistently expressed at a low level. However, the persistently activated host immune response to Tax indicates frequent expression oftaxin vivo. Methods: We used single-molecule RNA-FISH to quantify the expression of HTLV-1 transcripts at the single-cell level in a total of >19,000 cells from five T-cell clones, naturally infected with HTLV-1, isolated by limiting dilution from peripheral blood of HTLV-1-infected subjects. Results: We found strong heterogeneity both within and between clones in the expression of the proviral plus-strand (detected by hybridization to thetaxgene) and the minus-strand (hbzgene). Both genes are transcribed in bursts;taxexpression is enhanced in the absence ofhbz, whilehbzexpression increased in cells with hightaxexpression. Surprisingly, we found thathbzexpression is strongly associated with the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, independent oftaxexpression. Contrary to current belief,hbzis not expressed in all cells at all times, even within one clone. Inhbz-positive cells, the abundance ofhbztranscripts showed a very strong positive linear correlation with nuclear volume.Conclusions: The occurrence of intense, intermittent plus-strand gene bursts in independent primary HTLV-1-infected T-cell clones from unrelated individuals strongly suggests that the HTLV-1 plus-strand is expressed in burstsin vivo. Our results offer an explanation for the paradoxical correlations observed between the host immune response and HTLV-1 transcription.
Using mitoribosomal profiling to investigate human mitochondrial translation
Authors: Gao Fei , Wesolowska Maria , Agami Reuven , Rooijers Koos , Loayza-Puch Fabricio , Lawless Conor , N. Lightowlers Robert , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M. A. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Gene expression in human mitochondria has various idiosyncratic features. One of these was recently revealed as the unprecedented recruitment of a mitochondrially-encoded tRNA as a structural component of the large mitoribosomal subunit. In porcine particles this is mt-tRNAPhe whilst in humans it is mt-tRNAVal. We have previously shown that when a mutation in mt-tRNAVal causes very low steady state levels, there is preferential recruitment of mt-tRNAPhe. We have investigated whether this altered mitoribosome affects intra-organellar protein synthesis. Methods: By using mitoribosomal profiling we have revealed aspects of mitoribosome behaviour with its template mt-mRNA under both normal conditions as well as those where the mitoribosome has incorporated mt-tRNAPhe. Results: Analysis of the mitoribosome residency on transcripts under control conditions reveals that although mitochondria employ only 22 mt-tRNAs for protein synthesis, the use of non-canonical wobble base pairs at codon position 3 does not cause any measurable difference in mitoribosome occupancy irrespective of the codon. Comparison of the profile of aberrant mt-tRNAPhe containing mitoribosomes with those of controls that integrate mt-tRNAVal revealed that the impaired translation seen in the latter was not due to stalling on triplets encoding either of these amino acids. The alterations in mitoribosome interactions with start codons was not directly attributable to the either the use of non-cognate initiation codons or the presence or absence of 5’ leader sequences, except in the two bicistronic RNA units, RNA7 and RNA14 where the initiation sites are internal. Conclusions: These data report the power of mitoribosomal profiling in helping to understand the subtleties of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis. Analysis of profiles from the mutant mt-tRNAVal cell line suggest that despite mt-tRNAPhe being preferred in the porcine mitoribosome, its integration into the human counterpart results in a suboptimal structure that modifies its interaction with mt-mRNAs.
Effect of patient centredness on health service experience: Mediation of patient satisfaction
Authors: Thomas Bejoy John , JayaKumar David Sam , G Suganya 
Published: December 2017

Background: Hospitals are looking for progressive improvement in quality by refocusing healthcare delivery and organisational policies towards the patient. Patients should receive high quality care whenever it is needed, healthcare staff need to respect and respond to patient choices, needs and values and partnerships need to be formed between the provider, patients, their family and care givers with the core concept of patient centred care. Apart from the quality of care, reduction of cost and many other issues, healthcare executives give more priority to patient experience and satisfaction. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the mediating effect of patient satisfaction between patient centred care and health service experience and to find the effect of patient centred care on health service experience. Method: Through a structured questionnaire 454 patients who have visited the leading eye hospitals in South India were selected for the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the constructs. Results: The result suggested that the patient centred care and health service experience has a direct relationship, while patient satisfaction was found to be a partial mediator of patient centred care and experience. Moreover, coordination among the employees will help to deliver centred care for the patient along with a good experience and can result in satisfaction for the patient. Implication for management: Managers should emphasise on communication, providing health services in time without any delay and attention to the needs and wants of patients and offer them good reception and treatment.
Zmienna norma pedagogiczna a postawy ucznia wobec nauki języka obcego
Authors: Lankiewicz Hadrian 
Published: December 2017

Referring to critical ecological language awareness (Lankiewicz, 2015), autonomy in language learning (Benson, 2011) as well as the non-fixity of the linguistic code manifested by sociocultural and ecological studies (Harris, 1981; Otsuji and Pennycook, 2010), I put forth the need of applying the idea of a variable pedagogical norm, as postulated by Valdman (1989; 1992). The principal objective of the article is to present research elucidating the fact that the use of classroom activities respecting the pedagogical variable norm may contribute to the raising of students’ language awareness in respect to social and cultural linguistic diversity. Ultimately, this new awareness may contribute to the shift of attitudes towards language learning. The application of the variable pedagogical norm is indicative of critical language awareness of the teacher and helps develop a similar equivalent among students. Concluding, I dare say that developing autonomy in language learning seems impossible without the application of the pedagogical variable norm.
Język a tożsamość. Język pierwszy, drugi i obcy a sukcesy i niepowodzenia szkolne
Authors: Komorowska Hanna 
Published: December 2017

The article investigates relationships between national/ ethnic identity and languages used in the school context. The impact of imposed, attributed, regained and selected identities on first and second language proficiency is analyzed on numerous examples drawn from the areas of history, literature and culture. Approaches to bi-and monolingualism and bi and monoculturalism are then presented with special emphasis on the role of stereotypes. Linguistic factors which influence success and failure are discussed vis-à-vis immigration and re-emigration. Attention is given to difficulties encountered by students using restricted L1 codes as well as to problems faced by pupils lacking proficiency in the language of schooling. Implications are sought for language education in the school system.
Un caso de desorden del desarrollo sexual en un canino mestizo
Authors: Valencia Sarita , Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Rincón Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2017

The disorders of sex development can occur in different domestic animals, but they are not very common. They are classified as sex chromosomic disorders, gonadal sex development disorders andphenotypic sex disorders and have different subcategories. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic, chromosomal and anatomical traits of the reproductive organs of a canine patient 3-year-old, apparently female with disorder of sexual development, which presented a protuberance into the vagina with bleeding andpus, which anamnesis male behavior report. A general examination was performed by systems, ventral abdominal ultrasound,latero-lateral radiography, blood count and karyotype whit R-replicative bands. After the evaluation found an enlarged clitoris (pseudopene) with urethral opening that showed resistance to placing a catheter. Radiography showed a structure similar to penis bone and the ultrasonography a structure consistent with the cervix in a female and a structure similar to gonadal tissue in the side. The karyotype was typical of a male, compatible with a male pseudo-hermaphrodite, which classifies the individual as XY with a phenotypic disorder of sex development (78, XY) according to the new classification. With the diagnostic tools found in Colombia is possible to make an appropriate differential diagnosis. But nevertheless, lack of availability of specific diagnostic tests such as FISH and serological measurements.
Cuatro nuevos registros de Orchidaceae para Honduras
Authors: Pérez Munguía Dora Elisa 
Published: December 2017

Resumen. Se reportan cuatro nuevos registros para la orquideoflora de Honduras: Chysis bruennowiana (departamento de Comayagua), Lycaste cruenta var. minor (Ocotepeque), Ornithidium tonsoniae (Comayagua) y Sobralia powellii (Ocotepeque).Abstract. Four new records for the Honduran orchid flora are described: Chysis bruennowiana (department of Comayagua), Lycaste cruenta var. minor (Ocotepeque), Ornithidium tonsoniae (Comayagua) and Sobralia powellii (Ocotepeque).
Measures in assessment of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: an experience of retrospective observational study
Authors: Kuchinskaya Ekaterina M. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Kostik Mikhail M. 
Published: December 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus in children (juvenile-onset SLE, jSLE) is a multisystemic disease with an unpredictable course and a more severe phenotype compared to adults. The patterns of jSLE are extremely heterogeneous, so an enrollment to controlled studies may be rather complicated. Due to this problem and some additional ones, there are no standards for treatment of jSLE yet. The attending physician is fully responsible for the induction and maintenance therapeutical options including durability and aggressiveness.
Objectives: finding of jSLE individual course’s features prognostically connected with the disease outcome.
Methods: 45 children admitted to the SPbGPMU hospital with the systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed at the age of 4-17 years were enrolled in this retrospective study. Primary SLE manifestations, the activity of disease according to SELENA-SLEDAI and ECLAM scales during initial treatment period and flares after it, the fact of remission achievement in 6 months were evaluated in each patient.
Results: a few organ involvements were considered to be connected with outcome’s characteristics, for example lupus nephritis and early disease oncet are unfavorable predictive factors. The positive connection of favorable outcome with cyclophosphamide, intravenous methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil was found; the negative connection between initial disease activity and flares after induction treatment was also noticed.
Conclusion: the patient with initially high disease activity treated aggressively with high cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide, intravenous methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil has more chances of the favorable outcome (the achievement of remission without further flares).
Recurrent bronchitis as a clinical variant of functional changes of the respiratory system in children
Authors: Nesterenko Zoia V. 
Published: December 2017

Background. The high prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children, recurrent episodes of acute bronchitis remain to be one of the hot topics of pediatrics. The causes of recurrent exacerbations of bronchitis in children, despite the numerous research works on this issue, are not completely clear.
Aim: to study the features of the clinic in children with recurrent bronchitis.
Methods. There were 58 patients aged 3 to 12 years with recurrent bronchitis. A study demonstrated the close relationship between recurrent episodes of acute bronchitis not only with pre-preschool and preschool age (when bronchopulmonary tissue is not completely differentiated), with the influence of negative environmental factors, with bacterial, viral infection, but also with signs of connective tissue disorders (CTD) in them.
Results. Revealing connective tissue insufficiency explains the causes of disorders of bronchial cartilage and connective tissue, that lead to the development of bronchial dyskinesia thus exacerbating the vulnerability of immature bronchopulmonary tissue along with autonomic dysfunction, typical for CTD. Involvement of several organs and systems in the CTD process changes the course of clinical symptoms of recurrent bronchitis. Probably by the main differentiation of tissues of organs at this age, including connective tissue, can be explained the fact that in 2/3 of the children observed by the age of 7 the manifestations of exacerbations of the disease ceased. In the half of the patients with recurrent episodes, who had bronchial obstruction in the first year of life, a allergy history, paroxysms of respiratory dyspnoea after an additional examination, – asthma was diagnosed; in one patient an aneurysm of the lung vessels was revealed.
Conclusions. Basing on the conducted study, the use of the term “recurrent bronchitis” is advisable in children of the first seven years of life. In patients with continuing episodes of bronchitis bronchopulmonary pathology should be excluded; in patients with allergy history and symptoms of bronchial obstruction, spasmodic cough in previous episodes of bronchitis asthma should be excluded. The presence of symptoms of connective tissue disorders in children with recurrent bronchitis requires a careful examination of patients for the detection of comorbid diseases.
Vitamin sufficiency of children visiting preschool educational institutions from different regions (Moscow region, Yekaterinburg)
Authors: Vrzhesinskaya Oksana A , Kodentsova Vera M. , Pereverzeva Olga G. , Leonenko Svetlana N. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction. The deficiency of vitamins is a factor that has a negative impact on the growth and development of the child, it leads to a decrease in nonspecific resistance of the organism, a decrease in the adaptive potential, acts as a risk factor for the development of nutritional disorders, aggravates the process and makes it difficult to treat any disease.
The purpose of the study. Assessment of the vitamin status of children attending pre-school educational institution by means of non-invasive methods for urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and metabolites of B vitamins.
Materials and methods. 49 children (26 boys and 23 girls) aged 4 to 7 years living in Moscow region, and 51 children (26 boys and 25 girls) 2-7 years old living in Ekaterinburg were examined in 2015-16 years (winter-spring period). Сhildren received the main nutrition in kindergarten. In the evening time on weekdays children additionally received separate foods or ready meals at home, on weekends (2 of 7 days) children ate at home. The supply with vitamins C, B1, B2 and B6 was evaluated by its hour urinary excretion.
Results. The picture of vitamin status of children from different regions turned out to be almost identical. The lack of vitamin B2 was found in about one third of the children, vitamin B1 and B6 insufficiency took place significantly 2 fold more often (in 61.2-76.5%). Decreased vitamin C excretion took place in 34.7% of children from the Moscow region. Only every fifth child was provided with all studied vitamins. A significant number of children showed multivitamin deficiency. Children who received multivitamin supplements were better supplied with these micronutrients.
Conclusion. The results indicate the need for correction of multimicronutrient insufficiency in children by including in the diet of fortified food products, the use of baby specialized products enriched with micronutrients, and vitamin-mineral supplements intake.
Fixing Accessibility Issues in Open-Source Teaching Repositories
Authors: Díaz Francisco Javier , Schiavoni Alejandra , Osorio Alejandra , Amadeo Ana Paola , Harari Ivana , Ray Duilio 
Published: December 2017

In the LINTI, New Information Technologies Research Laboratory at the Computer Science School, in the National University of La Plata, it is being developed a project that involves the integration of the repository, implemented using DSpace, with different tools and platforms used in academic tasks. Accessibility is a process that cuts across all software development stages, so when using a free software product it is important to evaluate it in order to correct faults if it´s necessary. This article describes a DSpace repository accessibility validation, using screen readers for manual test, automatic validation with software tools and experimental test with users with and without disabilities. The evaluation involves the proper basic functions and the implemented extensions. The original DSpace software was extended through the integration with different tools and platforms, such as Moodle LMS, the library management system called Meran, file management services like DropBox and GoogleDrive and the social network Facebook. The tools used during accessibility evaluation were Examinator, Google ChromeVox and one entirely implemented in the LINTI, called SiMor. The experimental tests were made with blind and deaf persons, most of them college students. All the validation results are detailed using tables and graphs, where it can observe the measured values. It is also described the changes that was necessary to carry out in the repository to improve the user experience and ensure Web service accessibility.