bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment le capitalisme européen s’est-il emparé de l’histoire ?
Authors: Commetti Henri 
Published: July 2016

Le récit européen raconte l’histoire moderne à partir du « moment axial » de la Renaissance sur le modèle de l’expansion d’un foyer culturel essentiellement actif jusqu’à produire le monde comme totalité unifiée dont s’empareraient les modes capitalistes de production. Telle est l’histoire-monde que cet article propose d’interroger : une histoire vue à travers une lorgnette européocentriste armée de macro-concepts dont la validité paraît problématique sitôt qu’on tente de les définir indépendamment de la version de l’histoire qu’ils permettent précisément de formuler. À travers ce récit s’opère la conquête des histoires humaines par l’histoire : l’Orient n’y est invité qu’à titre d’accessoire. Il y a dans le concept d’« histoire » non seulement la violence du discours qui nie, mais aussi un discours qui annule la réalité de cette violence, parce qu’il la rend impensable. Il s’agira, ici, de tenter de rompre avec l’asymétrie interprétative qui fonde ce grand récit univoque de l’Occident appelé « Histoire ».
« Ôter leurs majuscules aux concepts » Ethnographie d’un sport de combat
Authors: Lauret Pierre 
Published: July 2016

Jérôme Beauchez est sociologue, maître de conférences à l’université de Lyon/Saint-Étienne, et membre de l’équipe « Cultures publiques » du Centre Max Weber. Dans son premier livre, L’Empreinte du poing. La boxe, le gymnase et leurs hommes 1 , il mène une enquête ethnographique au sein d’une salle de boxe anglaise d’une ville de l’Est de la France. Dans l’entretien qui suit, il revient sur les enjeux de l’ethnographie aujourd’hui, en situant son enquête à la convergence de la sociologie urbaine américaine de Mitchell Duneier, de l’anthropologie de Clifford Geertz et de la sociologie culturelle de Jeffrey Alexander. Il prend clairement ses distances avec l’ethnographie inspirée par la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu. C’est l’occasion de constater que si l’ethnographie n’est pas tout à fait un sport de combat, elle constitue un champ de questions théoriques passionnées, et un instrument irremplaçable pour la découverte des mondes contemporains, de leurs drames, de leurs combats et des résistances qui s’y affirment.
La retractatio du Peristephanon 10 de Prudence par Flodoard à travers l’intertextualité épique
Authors: Leyronas Julie 
Published: July 2016

Cette étude a pour objet le chapitre 14 du livre 1 du De Triumphis Christi Antiochiae gestis de Flodoard à travers une traduction inédite. Consacré à saint Romain, il constitue le seul récit de martyre du De Triumphis Christi Antiochiae gestis qui se présente explicitement comme une réécriture, en l’occurrence du Peristephanon 10 de Prudence qui ne compte pas moins de 1 140 vers résumés en 81 vers par Flodoard. Sous couvert de recourir à la breuitas, il transpose le texte de Prudence, qui écrit en mètre iambique, en hexamètres dactyliques. La retractatio de Flodoard efface le caractère théâtral du poème de Prudence pour accentuer la dimension épique du martyre de Romain. En faisant dialoguer les réminiscences du Peristephanon avec des réminiscences de la poésie épique païenne, il glorifie les victoires chrétiennes tandis que ces dernières permettent un renouveau de l’épopée.
I tituli historiarum tardoantichi come forma di “riscrittura biblica epigrammatica” – con un commento a Prud. ditt. XXXIV
Authors: Lubian Francesco 
Published: July 2016

I tituli historiarum a tema biblico costituiscono un esempio interessante e poco studiato di Umdichtung, che si distingue all’interno della produzione epigrammatica della tarda antichità latina per il suo complesso statuto letterario. Tematicamente affini alla parafrasi biblica, i tituli si propongono come obiettivo la descrizione di raffigurazioni di tema biblico, essendo per questo aspetto eredi della tradizione antica dei “Bildepigramme”. Ad una presentazione delle principali caratteristiche di questo (sotto‑)genere letterario segue un saggio di commento – letterario, esegetico e iconografico – a Prud. ditt. XXXIV.
Comparisons of IASI-A and AATSR measurements of top-of-atmosphere radiance
over an extended period
Authors: Bali Manik , Mittaz Jonathan P. , Maturi Eileen , Goldberg Mitchell D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study examines the trustworthiness of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI-A), as on-orbit reference instruments that are useful in re-calibrating the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) series (Mittaz and Harris, 2011). To do this, a 39-month period (1 January 2008 to 31 March 2011) of AATSR and IASI-A inter-comparisons of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance measurements is examined. Our inter-comparison reveals features of the AATSR and IASI-A bias with respect to scan angle, scene temperature, time and orbital maneuvers, and gives insight into their trustworthiness as an in-orbit reference instruments. The first feature that our study reveals is that the AATSR (nadir view) and IASI-A are both stable (have no perceptible trends in the period of study). The second feature is that IASI-A is perhaps more accurate ( ∼  0.05 K) than its stated accuracy (0.5 K). In fact the AATSR and IASI-A bias is close to the AATSR pre-launch bias (plus a small offset of +0.07 K) implying that IASI-A can get close to pre-launch levels of accuracy. Third, a very small scan angular dependence of AATSR and IASI-A bias indicates that the IASI-A response vs. scan angle algorithm is robust, while the instrument is in orbit. Inter-comparisons of AATSR with IASI-A further reveal the impact of orbital maneuvers of the ENVISAT, the platform carrying AATSR, done in October 2011 and not anticipated previously. Our study reveals that this maneuver introduced a temperature-dependent bias in the AATSR measurements for low temperatures (< 240 K) in the period following this maneuver (Cocevar et al., 2011). Our study also shows that the known AATSR 12 µm channel offset is in fact temperature dependent, grows up to 0.4 K, varies seasonally and is correlated with instrument temperature and cannot be corrected by shifting the spectral response function (SRF) of AATSR. We also present a set of recommendations to help identify the parameters under which these instruments can provide the most trustworthy observations for the AVHRR re-calibration.
Drift simulation of MH370 debris using superensemble techniques
Authors: Jansen Eric , Coppini Giovanni , Pinardi Nadia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. On 7 March 2014 (UTC), Malaysia Airlines flight 370 vanished without a trace. The aircraft is believed to have crashed in the southern Indian Ocean, but despite extensive search operations the location of the wreckage is still unknown. The first tangible evidence of the accident was discovered almost 17 months after the disappearance. On 29 July 2015, a small piece of the right wing of the aircraft was found washed up on the island of Réunion, approximately 4000 km from the assumed crash site. Since then a number of other parts have been found in Mozambique, South Africa and on Rodrigues Island. This paper presents a numerical simulation using high-resolution oceanographic and meteorological data to predict the movement of floating debris from the accident. Multiple model realisations are used with different starting locations and wind drag parameters. The model realisations are combined into a superensemble, adjusting the model weights to best represent the discovered debris. The superensemble is then used to predict the distribution of marine debris at various moments in time. This approach can be easily generalised to other drift simulations where observations are available to constrain unknown input parameters. The distribution at the time of the accident shows that the discovered debris most likely originated from the wide search area between 28 and 35° S. This partially overlaps with the current underwater search area, but extends further towards the north. Results at later times show that the most probable locations to discover washed-up debris are along the African east coast, especially in the area around Madagascar. The debris remaining at sea in 2016 is spread out over a wide area and its distribution changes only slowly.
Datagestuurde stedelijke planning en ‘smart cities’
Authors: Kitchin R. 
Published: July 2016

Data-driven urbanism and the creation of smart cities
The article provides a critical overview of data-driven urbanism and smart cities focusing in particular on the relationship between data and the city, and critically examines a number of urban data issues, including: the politics of urban data; data ownership and control, data protection and privacy, dataveillance, and data uses such as social sorting and anticipatory governance; and technical data issues such as data quality and veracity of data models and data analytics. Whilst data-driven urbanism provides a set of solutions for urban problems, it does so within limitations and in the service of particular interests.
Stability Indicating Determination of Human Growth Hormone by Novel SE–LC Method
Authors: Rezk Mamdouh R , Shehata Mostafa A , Mohamed Marwa F , Fathalla Faten Abdel Aziz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A selective, rapid size-exclusion chromatographic method was developed and validated for the separation of the human growth hormone (hGH) somatropin from its high-molecular-weight aggregates. Separation was achieved using a nontoxic mobile phase compared with the official method of the European Pharmacopoeia that uses 2-propanol in a mobile phase. The developed method used a YMC-Pack Diol (YMC Karasuma, Kyoto, Japan; 300 × 8.0 mm, 5 μm) analytical column. The mobile phase was formed with a pH 7phosphate buffer that was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 214 nm. The overall run time was 20 min and the average retention times were found to be 10.21 min for the monomer peak, 9.52 min for the dimer peak, and 9.14 min for the higher aggregate. This method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, and intra- and interday variations according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The developed method was applied as a rapid tool for evaluating the stability of stressed samples of hGH subjected to different temperature, agitation, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles. The developed method was successfully applied for the assessment of the quality and quantity of hGH during downstream processing, formulation, and storage.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Fracture Healing in a Mouse Model
Authors: Furuta Taisuke , Miyaki Shigeru , Ishitobi Hiroyuki , Ogura Toshihiko , Kato Yoshio , Kamei Naosuke , Miyado Kenji , Higashi Yukihito , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Paracrine signaling by bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a major role in tissue repair. Although the production of regulatory cytokines by MSC transplantation is a critical modulator of tissue regeneration, we focused on exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles that contain proteins and nucleic acids, as a novel additional modulator of cell-to-cell communication and tissue regeneration. To address this, we used radiologic imaging, histological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the role of exosomes isolated from MSC-conditioned medium (CM) in the healing process in a femur fracture model of CD9−/− mice, a strain that is known to produce reduced levels of exosomes. We found that the bone union rate in CD9−/− mice was significantly lower than wild-type mice because of the retardation of callus formation. The retardation of fracture healing in CD9−/− mice was rescued by the injection of exosomes, but this was not the case after the injection of exosomes-free conditioned medium (CM-Exo). The levels of the bone repair-related cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in exosomes were low compared with levels in CM and CM-Exo, suggesting that bone repair may be in part mediated by other exosome components, such as microRNAs. These results suggest that exosomes in CM facilitate the acceleration of fracture healing, and we conclude that exosomes are a novel factor of MSC paracrine signaling with an important role in the tissue repair process.

Significance
This work focuses on exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles, as a novel additional modulator of cell-to-cell communication. This study evaluated the role of exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in the fracture-healing process of CD9−/− mice, a strain that is known to produce reduced levels of exosomes. Retardation of fracture healing in CD9−/− mice was rescued by the injection of MSC exosomes, but this was not the case after the injection of exosome-free CM. This study finds that MSC exosomes are a novel factor of MSC paracrine signaling, with an important role in the tissue repair process.
Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection
Authors: Ranganathan Meghna , Heise Lori , Pettifor Audrey , Silverwood Richard J , Selin Amanda , MacPhail Catherine , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Kahn Kathleen , Gómez‐Olivé F Xavier , Hughes James P , Piwowar‐Manning Estelle , Laeyendecker Oliver , Watts Charlotte 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionYoung adolescent women in sub‐Saharan Africa are three to four times more likely to be HIV‐positive than boys or men. One of the relationship dynamics that is likely to be associated with young women's increased vulnerability to HIV is transactional sex. There are a range of HIV‐related risk behaviours that may drive this vulnerability. However, to date, limited epidemiological data exist on the role of transactional sex in increasing HIV acquisition, especially among young women in sub‐Saharan Africa. Our paper presents data on the prevalence of self‐reported engagement in transactional sex and explores whether transactional sex is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among a cohort of young, rural, sexually active South African women. We also explore whether this relationship is mediated through certain HIV‐related risk behaviours.MethodsWe analyzed baseline data from a phase III trial of conditional cash transfers for HIV prevention of 693 sexually active, school‐going young women aged 13–20 years in rural South Africa. We examined the association between young women's engagement in transactional sex and HIV infection. Transactional sex is defined as a non‐commercial, non‐marital sexual relationship whereby sex is exchanged for money and/or gifts. We explored whether this relationship is mediated by certain HIV‐related risk behaviours. We used logistic and multinomial regression and report unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI.ResultsOverall, 14% (n=97) of sexually active young women reported engaging in transactional sex. Engagement in transactional sex was associated with an increased risk of being HIV‐positive (aOR: 2.5, CI: 95% 1.19–5.25, p=0.01). The effect size of this association remained nearly unchanged when adjusted for certain other dimensions of HIV risk that might help explain the underlying pathways for this relationship.ConclusionsThis study provides quantitative support demonstrating that transactional sex is associated with HIV infection in young women. Even though the specific variables tested do not mediate the relationship, a potential explanation for this association may be that the men with whom young women are having sex belong to networks of sexually connected individuals who are at a “high risk” for HIV infection. The results highlight the importance of structural intervention approaches that can alter the context of young women's HIV risk.
On the electron agyrotropy during rapid asymmetric magnetic island coalescence in presence of a guide field
Authors: Cazzola E. , Innocenti M. E. , Goldman M. V. , Newman D. L. , Markidis S. , Lapenta G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present an analysis of the properties of the electron velocity distribution during island coalescence in asymmetric reconnection with and without guide field. In a previous study, three main domains were identified, in the case without guide field, as X, D, and M regions featuring different reconnection evolutions. These regions are also identified here in the case with guide field. We study the departure from isotropic and gyrotropic behavior by means of different robust detection algorithms proposed in the literature. While in the case without guide field these metrics show an overall agreement, when the guide field is present, a discrepancy in the agyrotropy within some relevant regions is observed, such as at the separatrices and inside magnetic islands. Moreover, in light of the new observations from the Multiscale MagnetoSpheric mission, an analysis of the electron velocity phase‐space in these domains is presented.
Rain detection and measurement from Megha‐Tropiques microwave sounder—SAPHIR
Authors: Varma Atul Kumar , Piyush D. N. , Gohil B. S. , Pal P. K. , Srinivasan J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Megha‐Tropiques, an Indo‐French satellite, carries on board a microwave sounder, Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d'Humidité Intertropical par Radiométrie (SAPHIR), and a microwave radiometer, Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and Atmospheric Structures (MADRAS), along with two other instruments. Being a Global Precipitation Measurement constellation satellite MT‐MADRAS was an important sensor to study the convective clouds and rainfall. Due to the nonfunctioning of MADRAS, the possibility of detection and estimation of rain from SAPHIR is explored. Using near‐concurrent SAPHIR and precipitation radar (PR) onboard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations, the rain effect on SAPHIR channels is examined. All the six channels of the SAPHIR are used to calculate the average rain probability (PR) for each SAPHIR pixel. Further, an exponential rain retrieval algorithm is developed. This algorithm explains a correlation of 0.72, RMS error of 0.75 mm/h, and bias of 0.04 mm/h. When rain identification and retrieval algorithms are applied together, it explains a correlation of 0.69 with an RMS error of 0.47 mm/h and bias of 0.01 mm/h. On applying the algorithm to the independent SAPHIR data set and compared with TRMM‐3B42 rain on monthly scale, it explains a correlation of 0.85 and RMS error of 0.09 mm/h. Further distribution of rain difference of SAPHIR with other rain products is presented on global scale as well as for the climatic zones. For examining the capability of SAPHIR to measure intense rain, instantaneous rain over Phailin cyclone from SAPHIR is compared with other standard satellite‐based rain products such as 3B42, Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation, and Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network.
Neuroanatomic Correlates of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Winder Klemens , Linker Ralf A. , Seifert Frank , Deutsch Martina , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Lee De‐Hyung , Hösl Katharina M. , Hilz Max J. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThis study intended to determine associations between alterations of female sexual arousal as well as vaginal lubrication and the site of cerebral multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions.MethodsIn 44 women with MS (mean age: 36.5 ± 9.9 years), we assessed their medical history and evaluated sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index scores for arousal and vaginal lubrication. We determined potential confounding factors of sexual dysfunction: age; disease duration; physical disability; depression; bladder or urinary dysfunction; and total volume of cerebral lesions. Arousal and lubrication scores were correlated with one another and with potential confounding factors. Cerebral MS lesions were recorded on imaging scans. A voxel‐based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis adjusted for confounding variables was performed correlating cerebral sites of MS lesions with arousal and lubrication scores.ResultsDecreased arousal scores correlated with decreased lubrication scores; decreased lubrication scores were associated with bladder or urinary symptoms. Arousal and lubrication scores were not associated with any other variables. Multivariate VLSM analysis, including arousal and lubrication scores as covariables of interest, showed right occipital lesions associated with impaired arousal and left insular lesions associated with decreased lubrication. Impaired lubrication remained associated with left insular lesions after adjustment for bladder or urinary dysfunction.InterpretationOur data indicate that impaired female sexual arousal is associated with MS lesions in the occipital region, integrating visual information and modulating attention toward visual input. Impaired lubrication correlated with lesions in the left insular region, contributing to mapping and generating visceral arousal states. Ann Neurol 2016;80:490–498
Two‐Dimensional Boron Hydride Sheets: High Stability, Massless Dirac Fermions, and Excellent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Jiao Yalong , Ma Fengxian , Bell John , Bilic Ante , Du Aijun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) boron sheets have been successfully synthesized in recent experiments, however, some important issues remain, including the dynamical instability, high energy, and the active surface of the sheets. In an attempt to stabilize 2D boron layers, we have used density functional theory and global minimum search with the particle‐swarm optimization method to predict four stable 2D boron hydride layers, namely the C2/m, Pbcm, Cmmm, and Pmmn sheets. The vibrational normal mode calculations reveal all these structures are dynamically stable, indicating potential for successful experimental synthesis. The calculated Young's modulus indicates a high mechanical strength for the C2/m and Pbcm phases. Most importantly, the C2/m, Pbcm, and Pmmn structures exhibit Dirac cones with massless Dirac fermions and the Fermi velocities for the Pbcm and Cmmm structures are even higher than that of graphene. The Cmmm phase is reported as the first discovery of Dirac ring material among boron‐based 2D structures. The unique electronic structure of the 2D boron hydride sheets makes them ideal for nanoelectronics applications.
Controlling the Localization of Liquid Droplets in Polymer Matrices by Evaporative Lithography
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Xu Jiajia , Jing Guangyin , Prieto‐López Lizbeth Ofelia , Deng Xu , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLocalized inclusions of liquids provide solid materials with many functions, such as self‐healing, secretion, and tunable mechanical properties, in a spatially controlled mode. However, a strategy to control the distribution of liquid droplets in solid matrices directly obtained from a homogeneous solution has not been reported thus far. Herein, we describe an approach to selectively localize liquid droplets in a supramolecular gel directly obtained from its solution by using evaporative lithography. In this process, the formation of droplet‐embedded domains occurs in regions of free evaporation where the non‐volatile liquid is concentrated and undergoes a phase separation to create liquid droplets prior to gelation, while a homogeneous gel matrix is formed in the regions of hindered evaporation. The different regions of a coating with droplet embedment patterns display different secretion abilities, enabling the control of the directional movement of water droplets.