bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of chronic pain in patients with major depressive disorder and its inter-correlation
Authors: Batinic B. , Nesvanulica J. , Stankovic I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionChronic pain is a common experienced symptom among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The intensity of depression and chronic pain inter-correlated, having negative impact on the daily functioning of the patients.ObjectivesOur aim was to explore the presence of chronic pain in patients diagnosed with MDD (single episode or recurrent), correlation between intensity of depression and chronic pain, its interference on daily functioning, as well as sex differences regarding the explored variables.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 51 (62.2%) female and 31 (37.8%) male patients diagnosed with MDD (n = 82), aged between 18 and 65 years old (mean age of 46.21). Assessment instruments included The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI) (consisting of BPI-I factor of pain intensity, and BPI-II-factor of pain interference with daily functioning), and semistructured questionnaire for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThe presence of chronic pain was found in the 51 (62, 2%) of patients with MDD. The mean score on the BDI-II for the whole sample was 22.5 (SD 12.8). There was a positive correlation between intensity of depression (BDI-II) and intensity of chronic pain (BPI-1), and its interference on the level of daily functioning (BPI-2) (P < 0.01). Women diagnosed with MDD experienced chronic pain of higher intensity and with greater interference on daily functioning.ConclusionOur research data show a high frequency of chronic pain among patients diagnosed with MDD and its positive inter-correlation which results in negative impact on daily functioning, especially in females.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Does the supplementation of vitamin D affect depressive symptoms?
Authors: Kolarov P. , Stoimenova M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression has been linked to decreased levels of vitamin D in adults and the altered dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D has been reported to have implications for the development of depressive symptoms. Although, the relation between vitamin D and depression has been established, it is not yet clear whether the supplementation of vitamin D could affect the clinical manifestation of depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the supplementation of vitamin D could affect the development/course of depression.Material and methodsA systematic literature search was performed for randomized control trials (RCTs) in which vitamin D was supplemented and depression was measured.Results and discussionSix studies were identified as being eligible to be included in this review. The results regarding the supplementation of vitamin D and its effect on the course and manifestation of depression were conflicting. One study concluded that the supplementation of vitamin D3 had beneficial effect in depression and another study reported no improvement in the indices of mental well-being in the vitamin D supplemented group and rejected the hypothesis that an annual high dose of vitamin D3 could prevent depressive symptoms. The remainder four studies reported inconclusive results regarding vitamin D supplementation and the course of depression.ConclusionAs current literature displayed contradictory results and no sound conclusion could be drawn regarding the supplementation of vitamin D and its effect on depression, there is a need of RCTs to determine whether the supplementation of vitamin D levels could affect depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Metabolic dysregulation as predictor for the course of late-life depression
Authors: Marijnissen R. , Vogelzangs N. , Mulder M. , van den Brink R. , Comijs H. , Oude Voshaar R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, the concept of ‘metabolic depression’ has been proposed based on a protracted course of depressive symptoms over time.Objective and aimsWithin the Netherlands study of depression in older persons, we examined whether metabolic dysregulation predicted the two-year course of depression.MethodsA cohort study (n = 285) of depressed persons (≥60 years) with two-year follow up. Depression was classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Severity of depression was assessed with sum score as well as subscale scores of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) at six-month intervals. The metabolic syndrome was defined according the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III). We applied logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for a wide range of confounders and severity of depression at baseline.ResultsThe number of MS-components predicted non-remission at two-years (OR = 1.28 [95% CI: 1.00–1.58], P = 0.047), which was driven by waist-circumference, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. MS was only associated with the somatic symptom subscale score of the IDS over time, but not with its sum score (interaction time × somatic subscale, P = 0.002). This effect was driven by waist circumference, elevated fasting glucose level and hypertension.ConclusionMetabolic dysregulation predicts the course of late-life depression. This effect seems to be driven by visceral obesity (as indicated by the waist circumference) and lipid dysregulations and with respect to the somatic symptoms of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interictal depressive disorders in epilepsy patients
Authors: Matos Pires A. , Martins Y. , Suarez Gomez M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is recognized as more frequent psychiatric disorder in epilepsy patients with significant impact on their health-related quality of life.AimsTo analyze the occurrence and clinical particularities of different types of interictal depression in epilepsy patients.MethodsOne hundred and fourteen epilepsy patients with interictal depression were assessed with a clinical interview and Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales. Diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 and of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were used.ResultsA total of 45.6% of patients met ILAE criteria of inerictal dysforic disorder (IDD) with predominance of depressive mood, irritability, fear and atypical pain. All patients had chronic epilepsy with specific epileptic personality changes. Comorbid adjustment disorders (depressive and anxious-depressive reactions) were diagnosed in 27.2% of patients. The most frequent trigger situations were: family problems, serious illness, unemployment, financial difficulties. In more than half of patients were registered specific personality changes whose severity was in inverse ratio with trauma severity. A total of 18.4% of patients met criteria of comorbid affective disorder (depressive and bipolar) with some specific clinical traits due to personality changes. In 8.8% of patients, anticonvulsant-induced depression was observed; it was clinically simple, resolved after offending medication withdrawal.ConclusionsObserved depressive disorders were heterogeneous: comorbid or attributed to epilepsy or its treatment. The most frequent condition was IDD. Specific personality changes may contribute to higher susceptibility and development of psychogenic depression. We emphasize the importance of treatment history (possibility of anticonvulsant-induced depression).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Toward evidence-based medical statistics: Re-evaluate the efficacy of antidepressants by using Bayes factors
Authors: Monden R. , Stijn D.V. , Klaas W. , Annelieke R. , Richard M. , Eric-Jan W. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStudies have been reported the similar efficacy of antidepressants (effect size around 0.3), and it is difficult for clinicians to select an antidepressant. This may partly due to the use of a p<.05 null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) framework to evaluate “substantial evidence”. This framework only allows dichotomous conclusions and does not quantify the strength of evidence supporting efficacy. In addition, meta-analyses based on publications may offer positively biased results due to selective publications.ObjectivesDemonstrate that the Bayesian framework can provide valuable information on the strength of the evidence for drug efficacy.AimsRe-evaluate the efficacy of FDA-approved antidepressants applied to anxiety disorders and depression by means of Bayes factors.MethodsTo avoid selective publication, data of double-blind placebo-controlled trials for FDA-approved antidepressants for the treatment of anxiety disorders and depression were extracted from the FDA. Bayes factors (BFs) were calculated and compared with the results obtained under NHST framework.ResultsA large variance of evidence for the efficacy of antidepressants was found for both depression and anxiety disorders. Among trials providing “substantial evidence” according to the FDA for anxiety disorders, only 27 out of 59 dose groups obtained strong support for efficacy according to the typically used cut-off of BF≥20. For depression, all FDA-approved antidepressants had BF≥20, except for bupriopion. Moreover, it was shown that the tested antidepressants can be differentiated based on the strength of evidence and effect size.ConclusionsThe BFs quantified the comparative evidence base for the efficacy of antidepressants.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mindfulness, Self-compassion And Depressive Symptoms In Pregnant Women
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Xavier S. , Bento E. , Azevedo J. , Marques M. , Soares M.J. , Freitas V. , Pinto A.M. , Roque C. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepressive symptoms in pregnancy are risk factors for postpartum depression and associated to adverse child outcomes (Glover, 2014). Depressive symptoms decreases after participation in mindfulness and self-compassion based interventions for pregnant women (e.g. Goodman et al., 2014). However, apart from intervention trials, there are not studies on the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and depressive symptoms in pregnancy (Zoeterman, 2014).ObjectiveTo explore the association between mindfulness, self-compassion and depressive symptoms in pregnant women.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women (mean age: 32.56 ± 4.785 years) in their second trimester of pregnancy completed a set of self-report questionnaires validated for pregnancy: Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire-10 ([FMQ-10]; Azevedo et al., 2015; to evaluate Nonjudging of experience/NJ, acting with awareness (AA) and observing and describing (OD), Self-Compassion Scale ([SCS]; Bento et al., 2015; to evaluate self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity [CH], isolation, mindfulness and over-identification [OD]) and Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-24 (PDSS-24; Pereira et al., 2013). Only variables significantly correlated with the outcomes were entered in the multiple regression models.ResultsFMQ-10 and SCS Total scores were both significant predictors of PDSS-24 (B = –0.294,–0.272). Derealization and failure predictors were NJ and Isolation (B = –0.234; 0.384); Suicidal ideation predictor was NJ, OD and isolation (B = –0.152;–0.115; 0.334); concentration difficulties and anxiety predictors were isolation and CH (B = 0.296;–0.201); Sleep difficulties predictors were AA and isolation (B = –0.199; 0.248) (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsMindfulness and self-Ccompassion dimensions, particularly nonjudging of experience, acting with awareness, observing and describing are protective correlates of antenatal depressive symptoms. Isolation is a correlate of PD in pregnancy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
First Evidence For Glial Pathology In Late Life Minor Depression: s100b Is Increased In Males With Minor Depression
Authors: Polyakova M. , Sander C. , Arelin K. , Lampe L. , Luck T. , Kratzsch J. , Hoffman K.T. , Riedel-Heller S. , Villringer A. , Schoenknecht P. , Schroeter M. 
Published: May 2016

Minor depression is diagnosed when a patient suffers from two to four depressive symptoms for at least two weeks. Though minor depression is a widespread phenomenon, its pathophysiology has hardly been studied. To get a first insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder we assessed serum levels of biomarkers for plasticity, glial and neuronal function: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Twenty-seven subjects with minor depressive episode and 82 healthy subjects over 60 years of age were selected from the database of the Leipzig population-based study of civilization diseases (LIFE). Serum levels of BDNF, S100B and NSE were compared between groups, and correlated with age, body-mass index, and degree of white matter hyperintensities (score on Fazekas scale). S100B was significantly increased in males with minor depression in comparison to healthy males, whereas other biomarkers did not differ between groups (P = 0.10–0.66). NSE correlated with Fazekas score in patients with minor depression (rs = 0.436, P = 0.048) and in the whole sample (rs = 0.252, P = 0.019). S100B correlated with body mass index (rs = 0.246, P = 0.031) and with age in healthy subjects (rs = 0.345, P = 0.002). Increased S100B in males with minor depression, without alterations in BDNF and NSE, supports the glial hypothesis of depression. Correlation between white matter hyperintensities and NSE underscores the vascular hypothesis of late life depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Aspects Of Quality Of Life In Depression
Authors: Puiu M.G. , Manea M.C. , Andrei I.A. , Cristache A.M. , Frunza A.A. , Boer M.C. , Patrichi B.E. , Parfene Banu M.E. , Manea M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe quality of life in patients with depression may be a measure of the efficiency of its management. Although quality of life is a subjective concept, difficult to assess, it may be reflected by the degree of social adaptation and the individual's level of functioning.ObjectiveThe study evaluates the time evolution of depressive symptoms and of some parameters attesting the quality of life in patients diagnosed with depression who are on antidepressant treatment.AimsHighlighting the evolution in time of depressive symptoms and patients’ perceptions on some aspects of quality of life.MethodsThere were included 23 patients who met the criteria of depressive episode, single or within recurrent depressive disorder, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-AM), requiring antidepressant treatment. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Sheehan disability scale (SDS), Social Adjustment Scale – Self-report (SASS).ResultsStatistically significant decrease in mean HAMD scores was observed in the second administration. There were registered statistically significant differences of scores obtained in the two administrations for the 17 items of the SASS scale. Correlations with statistical significance between HAMD scores and some of the SDS areas were observed.ConclusionsResults showed a favorable course of depressive symptoms while under treatment and differences in time of subjects’ perception on several aspects evaluated on SASS for the group studied. Correlations with statistical significance between HAMD scores and some SDS areas were observed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Subthreshold symptoms in bipolar disorder: Impact on quality of life
Authors: Khemakhem R. , Homri W. , Karoui D. , Belhadj H. , Mouelhi L. , Bram N. , Ben Romdhane I. , Labbene R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies have analyzed the influence of bipolar disorder (BD) related to many kinds of functioning. Even if it is obvious that patients in relapse have poor quality of live (QoL), what's about it in interictal phases with subthreshold symptoms?AimsTo study the potential relationship between QoL and subthreshold symptoms in bipolar I patients in remission.ObjectiveTo evaluate the above relationship, we hypothesized that subsyndromic BD phases can be related to worse subjectively QoL.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Forty-four BD patients were enrolled. The subthreshold symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Patients with HDRS lower than 7 and YMSR lower than 6 were the successful applicants. Then, we run the Tunisian version of SF-36 to measure the QoL.ResultsTwenty-seven men and seventeen women with an average age of 39.3 years were selected. Age of beginning of BD was 31.5 years and patients were in relapse since 1.56 years. The HDRS's average score was 2.73. Twenty patients (45.5%) have an HDRS upper than 4. The YMRS's average score was 2.25 and twenty-nine BD's patients have a score between 1 and 6. The overall average score at SF-36 scale were 64.2 and 25% of BD patient with subthreshold symptoms had a poor QoL.ConclusionsSubsyndromic interictal phases affect the QoL of BD patients and it's necessary to introduce therapy adapted according to troubles in order to improve patient's quality of life and functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Perfectionism, a Transdiagnostic Construct In Eating Disorders
Authors: Rodriguez Cano T. , Beato Fernandez L. , Mata Saenz B. , Rojo Moreno L. , Vaz Leal F.J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPerfectionism is considered a multidimensional key risk factor for Eating Disorders (EDs). There are discrepancies regarding if it is mainly associated to Anorexia nervosa (AN) but not to other EDs.ObjectivesTo study if Perfectionism is not only related with AN, but it is present in all EDs and associated with more transdiagnostic attitudes and behaviors.AimsTo see if there were significant differences among EDs subgroups concerning Perfectionism and to study which abnormal eating attitudes were more associated with this trait.MethodsParticipants were 151 outpatients with EDs. DSM-IVTR diagnoses were: 44 (29.1%) Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 55 (36.4%) Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 52 (34.4%) Eating Disorders not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). Perfectionism was assessed with the Edinburg Investigatory Test (EDI-2) subscale; general psychopathology with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSE). Eating psychopathology was measured with the Bulimic Investigatory Test (BITE), Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40), EDI-2 and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ).ResultsNo significant differences were found regarding Perfectionism among the three groups. Body dissatisfaction was the variable most associated with Perfectionism (β = 0.330, F = 14.2, P < 0.001, 10.9% of the variance) adjusting for general and eating psychopathology. Ascetism and Interoceptive awareness were the EDI-2 subscales most associated with Perfectionism.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that Perfectionism is present in all EDs and there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction and Perfectionism. Interplay has been suggested between these two factors for the development of EDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impulsivity And Traumas In The Eating Disorder
Authors: Soto Laguna M. , Pérez López M.D.L.D. , Diaz Marsá M.F. , Aida N.F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe eating disorder are not only isolated power problems. They interweave issues and pathologies in patients often difficult to approach and have crimping going to reach a solution and get to the real problem of the patient. As it has been observed in studies if they have established relationships between patients with an impulsive nature and traumatized regarding the presentation of eating disorders.ObjectivesOur study aims to establish the relationship between eating disorder such as anorexia and bulimia with factors such as impulsivity and suffered traumas.Materials and methodsIt has used a sample (n = 57) and patients spent three scales “Barratt Impulsiveness Scale” (BIS-11), “Questionnaire traumatic experiences” (TQ) and the BSQ, scale measuring dissatisfaction disorders eating behavior. The aim is to see the relationship between anorexia and bulimia regarding trauma and impulsivity.ResultsIt is intended to check if having character traits of impulsivity or miss having lived or suffered traumatic experiences such as the unexpected death of a family member, rape, kidnapping… establishes a relationship in patients who develop conduct disorders food.ConclusionThis study aims to see if there is a correlation between eating disorder and factors such as traumatic experiences and an influential feature in this pathology such as the impulsivity through a sample of patients (n = 57) over 18 years.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparison Of Attitudes Of Pre-clinical And Clinical Medical Students To Psychiatry As a Career Choice: a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Oliver C. , Adekunte O. , Bruce O. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundPsychiatry recruitment is currently insufficient to meet the targeted mental health service needs in the UK. Psychiatry is unpopular amongst medical students and in 2011, only 61% of junior training posts were filled by the first recruitment. RCPsych is currently working to promote psychiatry as a career choice for medical students.AimsTo compare preclinical and clinical medical students’ attitudes towards psychiatry as a career choice.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 212 clinical students (CS) and pre-clinical students (PS) at Newcastle University. Each student responded anonymously to an electronic questionnaire. The responses take the form of: Yes/No, free text, order of preference, and Likert scale. Results were analysed based on basic statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 29% PS rated psychiatry in their top 3 career choices compared with 16% CS. Fifty-seven percent PS believe that psychiatry is a respected branch of medicine and 70% believes it makes good use of medical training, while CS rated these at 50% and 52% respectively. Sixty-nine percent PS believe that psychiatry is scientific evidence based compared with 63% CS. Eighty-one percent PS disagreed with the statement that they feel negative about psychiatry compared with 61% CS.ConclusionsThe outcome shows increase in negative attitude to psychiatry between pre-clinical and clinical years at the medical school. This makes psychiatry an unpopular speciality among final year students. Further research is required to ascertain the reason for this decline in interest and negative attitude.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.