bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Guo–Campanella viscoelastic model
Authors: Augusto Pedro E. D. , Miano Alberto C. , Rojas Meliza Lindsay 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiological materials are characterized by complex structures and compositions, leading to viscoelastic behavior. Their viscoelastic characterization is important for the evaluation, design, and optimization of processes to ensure high quality products. Proposals of methodologies of analysis and modeling are critical steps in studying the rheological properties of these materials. In this context, a new model, the Guo–Campanella Model, was recently proposed to describe the stress‐relaxation behavior of biological material. This work is an independent and impartial evaluation of this new model. It considers 10 different samples, comprising in natura and processed foods, from both plant and animal bases. For comparison, a Generalized Maxwell Model and the Peleg Model were also evaluated. The Guo–Campanella Model fitted the stress‐relaxation data of evaluated products well, demonstrating its validity for describing the viscoelastic behavior of biological materials with different structures, sources, and processing. Finally, the Guo–Campanella Model parameters were evaluated and their interpretations and possible uses described. It was shown that the Guo–Campanella Model can be successfully used for future studies.Practical applicationsThe stress‐relaxation assay is a common technique for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of biological materials. The results obtained are generally evaluated using such compound models as the Generalized Maxwell model. Although this approach is interesting from a fundamental point of view, it results in many parameters to evaluate, thus increasing the complexity and limiting the interpretation. In this sense, the Guo–Campanella Model has only two parameters, which facilitates interpretation, especially for practical applications. This work validated this model, also contributing to its interpretation by discussing the meaning of its parameters. Consequently, this is potentially useful for future studies on food properties and process design.
Education of the postprandial experience by a sensory‐cognitive intervention
Authors: Pribic T. , Vilaseca H. , Nieto A. , Hernandez L. , Malagelada C. , Accarino A. , Roca J. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIngestion of a meal induces homeostasis‐related sensations (satiety/fullness) that have a hedonic dimension (satisfaction/mood). We have previously shown that a previous physiological intervention, a meal preload, influences the responses to a subsequent meal, specifically: it increases satiety/fullness and decreases satisfaction. We now wished to determine the differential effects of education on the homeostatic and hedonic postprandial experience.MethodsRandomized, parallel study comparing the effect of real vs sham education on the responses to a probe meal. In two groups of healthy subjects (n = 14 each), homeostatic (satiety, fullness) and hedonic sensations (digestive well‐being, mood) in response to a probe meal (250 mL soup, 25 g bread) were measured on 2 separate days before and after a single sensory‐cognitive educational intervention (taste recognition test of supra‐ and sub‐threshold tastands for real and sham education, respectively).Key ResultsBefore education, in both groups the probe meal induced homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a positive hedonic dimension (increased digestive well‐being and mood). In contrast to sham education, real education enhanced both homeostatic and hedonic responses to the probe meal (P < .05 vs sham education for all).Conclusions and InferencesEducation modifies the subjects′ receptiveness and influences the responses to a meal, not only the hedonic postprandial experience, but also homeostatic sensations. Since homeostatic and hedonic responses are dissociable, education might be tailored to target different conditions.
Optimal orientation for angularly segmented multifocal corrections
Authors: de Gracia Pablo , Hartwig Andreas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeEvaluate the importance of orientation of multifocal lens designs with angular increments of addition.MethodsOptical properties of one monofocal and three multifocal designs were analysed with the visual Strehl ratio (VSOTF) metric through‐focus (−1 to 5 D). Designs were tested in combination with the higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) of 782 subjects (1564 eyes). Simulations included one monofocal, one bifocal (eight orientations), one trifocal (four orientations), and a 4‐foci design (four orientations). Monocular and binocular performances of all designs were assessed by computing the area under the through‐focus VSOTF plots, the through‐focus range of acceptable optical performance, and, for binocular combinations, optical disparity between left and right eyes.ResultsUnder monocular conditions, bifocal designs generated larger areas under the through focus VSOTF than trifocal designs and 4‐foci designs. Specifically, bifocal designs divided vertically were optimal for 48% of eyes. Trifocal designs and 4‐foci designs offered longer intervals of acceptable through‐focus vision. Coma and spherical aberration values were correlated with the optimal orientation of multifocal corrections. The best binocular combination was achieved with a monofocal and a trifocal lens. The orientation of a multifocal design with angular areas affected the final optical properties of the combination (lens plus eye).ConclusionsThe optical aberration distributions for our population of physiologically normal eyes demonstrated improved performance for some lens design orientations (i.e., left‐right segments for 2‐zone bifocals). Taking into account the HOAs of healthy patients, with special attention to coma and spherical aberration, will increase the optical quality of angularly divided multifocal solutions.
Airway plaque presenting after alteration of immunosuppression in a pediatric patient remote from heart transplantation
Authors: Ryan Thomas D. , Absalon Michael J. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Gupta Anita , Peters Anna L. , Lorts Angela , Danziger‐Isakov Lara A. , Chin Clifford 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSuccess after solid organ transplantation is dependent on the proper balance of immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the allograft while limiting the risk of developing infections and malignancy. We present a 9‐year‐old girl, remote from transplant, who presented with airway plaque after a change in immunosuppression to include the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus. Differential diagnosis included direct medication side effect, infection, and neoplasia.
Evaluation of gene expression levels for cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Maia M. M. , Meira‐Strejevitch C. S. , Pereira‐Chioccola V. L. , de Hippólito D. D. C. , Silva V. O. , Brandão de Mattos C. C. , Frederico F. B. , Siqueira R. C. , de Mattos L. C. ,   FAMERP and IAL Toxoplasma Research Group
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis study evaluated levels for mRNA expression of 7 cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT Group, n = 23) and chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR Group, n = 9) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. Negative controls (NC) were constituted of 7 PBMC samples from individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis. mRNA expression for cytokines was determined by qPCR. Results showed a significant increase in mRNA levels from antigen stimulated PBMCs derived from OT Group for expressing IL‐6 (at P < .005 and P < .0005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively), IL‐10 (at P < .0005 and P < .005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively) and TGF‐β (at P < .005) for NC group. mRNA levels for TNF‐α and IL‐12 were also upregulated in patients with OT compared to CHR and NC individuals, although without statistical significance. Additionally, mRNA levels for IL‐27 and IFN‐γ in PBMC of patients with OT were upregulated in comparison with NC individuals. Differences between OT and NC groups were statistically significant at P < .05 and P < .0005, respectively.
Protestant evangelicals and addiction in early modern English
Authors: Cree Jose Murgatroyd 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen the English word ‘addict' emerged in the sixteenth century, it did not mean the same as addiction today. This article uses the language of early modern addiction to not only determine the meaning and use of ‘addict', but also as a means of tracing a particular readership network in reformation England. It focuses initially on the first printed appearances in the work of two evangelical writers; the three meanings they applied to the word; and the etymology behind those meanings. Next, it traces appearances of the word in the writing of early protestant reformers in England, who made almost exclusive use of the term in printed sources before 1550. This is particularly notable because there was nothing conceptually unique about the word: non‐reformers expressed the same ideas, in similar contexts, but using different words. In examining uses of the word ‘addict’ within the religious context of early sixteenth century England, this article suggests the existence of a discrete evangelical vocabulary, and thus a means of tracing a reformist readership network. More than this, it potentially reveals one means by which a persecuted and suppressed group created a sense of shared identity and community.
Linking submarine channel–levee facies and architecture to flow structure of turbidity currents: insights from flume tank experiments
Authors: de Leeuw Jan , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSubmarine leveed channels are sculpted by turbidity currents that are commonly highly stratified. Both the concentration and the grain size decrease upward in the flow, and this is a fundamental factor that affects the location and grain size of deposits around a channel. This study presents laboratory experiments that link the morphological evolution of a progressively developing leveed channel to the suspended sediment structure of the turbidity currents. Previously, it was difficult to link turbidity current structure to channel–levee development because observations from natural systems were limited to the depositional products while experiments did not show realistic morphodynamics due to scaling issues related to the sediment transport. This study uses a novel experimental approach to overcome scaling issues, which results in channel inception and evolution on an initially featureless slope. Depth of the channel increased continuously as a result of levee aggradation combined with varying rates of channel floor aggradation and degradation. The resulting levees are fining upward and the grain‐size trend in the levee matches the upward decrease in grain size in the flow. It is shown that such deposit trends can result from internal channel dynamics and do not have to reflect upstream forcing. The suspended sediment structure can also be linked to the lateral transition from sediment bypass in the channel thalweg to sediment deposition on the levees. The transition occurs because the sediment concentration is below the flow capacity in the channel thalweg, while higher up on the channel walls the concentration exceeds capacity resulting in deposition of the inner levee. Thus, a framework is provided to predict the growth pattern and facies of a levee from the suspended sediment structure in a turbidity current.
Impact of treatment and outcomes for patients with posttransplant drug‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Epperla Narendranath , Hemauer Kathleen , Hamadani Mehdi , Friedman Kenneth D. , Kreuziger Lisa Baumann 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDDrug‐induced transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (DTA‐TMA) is a rare but serious complication that can occur after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT) without guidelines for optimal management of this condition.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSGiven the ambiguity surrounding the treatment for DTA‐TMA, we conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the impact of different treatment strategies in DTA‐TMA patients. Our primary endpoint was to determine the overall response rate (ORR) for DTA‐TMA based on the type of treatment modality chosen while secondary endpoints included the time to response, relapse rates, and overall survival for DTA‐TMA cases.RESULTSThere were a total of 14 DTA‐TMA patients of whom nine were post‐HCT and five were post‐SOT. Most of the DTA‐TMA cases were due to tacrolimus (n = 11) with a minority related to sirolimus (n = 3). A total of nine of 14 patients demonstrated response and five had no response to therapy. The ORR among the DTA‐TMA patients after HCT and SOT who received plasma exchange (PLEX) were 25 and 100%, respectively. The ORRs among the patients (includes HCT and SOT) who received rituximab (n = 3) and eculizumab (n = 5) were 67 and 60%, respectively. There were two relapses noted in our study and both were in the HCT group.CONCLUSIONWhile discontinuation of the offending agent may be sufficient for treatment of DTA‐TMA after HCT, PLEX may be a reasonable option for DTA‐TMA after SOT. Although the results are encouraging with rituximab and eculizumab in the treatment of DTA‐TMA, larger prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
Molecular Determinants of the Thickened Matrix in a Dual-Species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm
Authors: Lee Keehoon , Lee Kang-Mu , Kim Donggeun , Yoon Sang Sun 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Biofilms are microbial communities that inhabit various surfaces and are surrounded by extracellular matrices (ECMs). Clinical microbiologists have shown that the majority of chronic infections are caused by biofilms, following the introduction of the first biofilm infection model by J. W. Costerton and colleagues (J. Lam, R. Chan, K. Lam, and J. W. Costerton, Infect Immun 28:546–556, 1980). However, treatments for chronic biofilm infections are still limited to surgical removal of the infected sites.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Enterococcus faecalis
are two frequently identified bacterial species in biofilm infections; nevertheless, the interactions between these two species, especially during biofilm growth, are not clearly understood. In this study, we observed phenotypic changes in a dual-species biofilm of
P. aeruginosa
and
E. faecalis
, including a dramatic increase in biofilm matrix thickness. For clear elucidation of the spatial distribution of the dual-species biofilm,
P. aeruginosa
and
E. faecalis
were labeled with red and green fluorescence, respectively.
E. faecalis
was located at the lower part of the dual-species biofilm, while
P. aeruginosa
developed a structured biofilm on the upper part. Mutants with altered exopolysaccharide (EPS) productions were constructed in order to determine the molecular basis for the synergistic effect of the dual-species biofilm. Increased biofilm matrix thickness was associated with EPSs, not extracellular DNA. In particular, Pel and Psl contributed to interspecies and intraspecies interactions, respectively, in the dual-species
P. aeruginosa
and
E. faecalis
biofilm. Accordingly, targeting Pel and Psl might be an effective part of eradicating
P. aeruginosa
polymicrobial biofilms.

IMPORTANCE
Chronic infection is a serious problem in the medical field. Scientists have observed that chronic infections are closely associated with biofilms, and the vast majority of infection-causing biofilms are polymicrobial. Many studies have reported that microbes in polymicrobial biofilms interact with each other and that the bacterial interactions result in elevated virulence, in terms of factors, such as infectivity and antibiotic resistance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Enterococcus faecalis
are frequently isolated pathogens in chronic biofilm infections. Nevertheless, while both bacteria are known to be agents of numerous nosocomial infections and can cause serious diseases, interactions between the bacteria in biofilms have rarely been examined. In this investigation, we aimed to characterize
P. aeruginosa
and
E. faecalis
dual-species biofilms and to determine the molecular factors that cause synergistic effects, especially on the matrix thickening of the biofilm. We suspect that our findings will contribute to the development of more efficient methods for eradicating polymicrobial biofilm infections.
A Highly Conserved Basidiomycete Peptide Synthetase Produces a Trimeric Hydroxamate Siderophore
Authors: Brandenburger Eileen , Gressler Markus , Leonhardt Robin , Lackner Gerald , Habel Andreas , Hertweck Christian , Brock Matthias , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The model white-rot basidiomycete,
Ceriporiopsis
(
Gelatoporia
)
subvermispora
B, encodes putative natural product biosynthesis genes. Among them is the gene for the seven-domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase CsNPS2. It is a member of the as-yet-uncharacterized fungal type VI siderophore synthetase family, which is highly conserved and widely distributed among the basidiomycetes. These enzymes include only one adenylation (A) domain, i.e., one complete peptide synthetase module, and two thiolation/condensation (T-C) didomain partial modules which together constitute an AT
1
C
1
T
2
C
2
T
3
C
3
domain setup. The full-length CsNPS2 enzyme (274.5 kDa) was heterologously produced as a polyhistidine fusion in
Aspergillus niger
as a soluble and active protein.
N
5
-acetyl-
N
5
-hydroxy-
l
-ornithine (
l
-AHO) and
N
5
-
cis
-anhydromevalonyl-
N

5

-hydroxy-
l
-ornithine (
l
-AMHO) were accepted as the substrates, based on results of an
in vitro
substrate-dependent [
32
P]ATP-pyrophosphate radioisotope exchange assay. Full-length
holo
-CsNPS2 catalyzed amide bond formation between three
l
-AHO molecules to release the linear
l
-AHO trimer, called basidioferrin, as the product
in vitro
, which was verified by liquid chromatography–high-resolution electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry analysis. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that type VI family siderophore synthetases are widespread in mushrooms and evolved in a common ancestor of basidiomycetes.

IMPORTANCE
The basidiomycete nonribosomal peptide synthetase CsNPS2 represents a member of a widely distributed but previously uninvestigated class (type VI) of fungal siderophore synthetases. Genes orthologous to
CsNPS2
are highly conserved across various phylogenetic clades of the basidiomycetes. Hence, our work serves as a broadly applicable model for siderophore biosynthesis and iron metabolism in higher fungi. Also, our results on the amino acid substrate preference of CsNPS2 support a further understanding of the substrate selectivity of fungal adenylation domains. Methodologically, this report highlights the
Aspergillus niger
/SM-Xpress-based system as a suitable platform to heterologously express multimodular basidiomycete biosynthesis enzymes in the >250-kDa range in soluble and active form.
Is Staphylococcus lugdunensis Significant in Clinical Samples?
Authors: Argemi Xavier , Hansmann Yves , Riegel Philippe , Prévost Gilles 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The implication of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human diseases is a major issue, particularly in hospital settings wherein these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. In addition, some coagulase-negative staphylococci such as
S. lugdunensis
have emerged as pathogenic bacteria, implicated in severe infections, particularly, osteoarticular infections, foreign-body-associated infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis.
In vitro
studies have shown the presence of several putative virulence factors such as adhesion factors, biofilm production, and proteolytic factors that might explain clinical manifestations. Taken together, the clinical and microbiological data might change the way clinicians and microbiologists look at
S. lugdunensis
in clinical samples.
Structural Transitions of the Conserved and Metastable Hantaviral Glycoprotein Envelope
Authors: Rissanen Ilona , Stass Robert , Zeltina Antra , Li Sai , Hepojoki Jussi , Harlos Karl , Gilbert Robert J. C. , Huiskonen Juha T. , Bowden Thomas A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens that cause severe hemorrhagic fever and pulmonary syndrome. The outer membrane of the hantavirus envelope displays a lattice of two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, which orchestrate host cell recognition and entry. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the Gn glycoprotein ectodomain from the Asiatic Hantaan virus (HTNV), the most prevalent pathogenic hantavirus. Structural overlay analysis reveals that the HTNV Gn fold is highly similar to the Gn of Puumala virus (PUUV), a genetically and geographically distinct and less pathogenic hantavirus found predominantly in northeastern Europe, confirming that the hantaviral Gn fold is architecturally conserved across hantavirus clades. Interestingly, HTNV Gn crystallized at acidic pH, in a compact tetrameric configuration distinct from the organization at neutral pH. Analysis of the Gn, both in solution and in the context of the virion, confirms the pH-sensitive oligomeric nature of the glycoprotein, indicating that the hantaviral Gn undergoes structural transitions during host cell entry. These data allow us to present a structural model for how acidification during endocytic uptake of the virus triggers the dissociation of the metastable Gn-Gc lattice to enable insertion of the Gc-resident hydrophobic fusion loops into the host cell membrane. Together, these data reveal the dynamic plasticity of the structurally conserved hantaviral surface.

IMPORTANCE
Although outbreaks of Korean hemorrhagic fever were first recognized during the Korean War (1950 to 1953), it was not until 1978 that they were found to be caused by Hantaan virus (HTNV), the most prevalent pathogenic hantavirus. Here, we describe the crystal structure of HTNV envelope glycoprotein Gn, an integral component of the Gn-Gc glycoprotein spike complex responsible for host cell entry. HTNV Gn is structurally conserved with the Gn of a genetically and geographically distal hantavirus, Puumala virus, indicating that the observed α/β fold is well preserved across the
Hantaviridae
family. The combination of our crystal structure with solution state analysis of recombinant protein and electron cryo-microscopy of acidified hantavirus allows us to propose a model for endosome-induced reorganization of the hantaviral glycoprotein lattice. This provides a molecular-level rationale for the exposure of the hydrophobic fusion loops on the Gc, a process required for fusion of viral and cellular membranes.