bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution in the Chinese Diabetes Society Standards of Care for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Weng Jianping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChina has been experiencing the biggest shift in the world in diabetes and obesity epidemic over the past three decades. Chinese Diabetes Society developed and published four editions of stand of care for type 2 diabetes management as clinical guidance for practice in China in the last twelve years. During the development and implementation of guidelines, the keyword is ‘evolution’, which includes evolution of evidence, expertise, excellence and endpoints. It will be a complete quality improvement cycle starting with ‘understanding the situation’ and ending with ‘tipping points of diabetes in primary prevention (prevalence), secondary prevention (diabetic complications) and tertiary prevention (diabetes‐related death)’. This series of ‘Stand of care for type 2 diabetes’ allows for a fundamental understanding into the ways in which the domino effects of the epidemic could be curbed. More work for doing with ‘Mens et Manus’ will be carried out in the near future. This English version will be useful for the international scientific community to glean insights into type 2 diabetes management practices in China, and alternative methods of tackling challenges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate influences on whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Buotte Polly C. , Hicke Jeffrey A. , Preisler Haiganoush K. , Abatzoglou John T. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Logan Jesse A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtensive mortality of whitebark pine, beginning in the early to mid‐2000s, occurred in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) of the westernUSA, primarily from mountain pine beetle but also from other threats such as white pine blister rust. The climatic drivers of this recent mortality and the potential for future whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle are not well understood, yet are important considerations in whether to list whitebark pine as a threatened or endangered species. We sought to increase the understanding of climate influences on mountain pine beetle outbreaks in whitebark pine forests, which are less well understood than in lodgepole pine, by quantifying climate–beetle relationships, analyzing climate influences during the recent outbreak, and estimating the suitability of future climate for beetle outbreaks. We developed a statistical model of the probability of whitebark pine mortality in theGYEthat included temperature effects on beetle development and survival, precipitation effects on host tree condition, beetle population size, and stand characteristics. Estimated probability of whitebark pine mortality increased with higher winter minimum temperature, indicating greater beetle winter survival; higher fall temperature, indicating synchronous beetle emergence; lower two‐year summer precipitation, indicating increased potential for host tree stress; increasing beetle populations; stand age; and increasing percent composition of whitebark pine within a stand. The recent outbreak occurred during a period of higher‐than‐normal regional winter temperatures, suitable fall temperatures, and low summer precipitation. In contrast to lodgepole pine systems, area with mortality was linked to precipitation variability even at high beetle populations. Projections from climate models indicate future climate conditions will likely provide favorable conditions for beetle outbreaks within nearly all current whitebark pine habitat in theGYEby the middle of this century. Therefore, when surviving and regenerating trees reach ages suitable for beetle attack, there is strong potential for continued whitebark pine mortality due to mountain pine beetle.
Do multiple fires interact to affect vegetation structure in temperate eucalypt forests?
Authors: Haslem Angie , Leonard Steve W. J. , Bruce Matthew J. , Christie Fiona , Holland Greg J. , Kelly Luke T. , MacHunter Josephine , Bennett Andrew F. , Clarke Michael F. , York Alan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFire plays an important role in structuring vegetation in fire‐prone regions worldwide. Progress has been made towards documenting the effects of individual fire events and fire regimes on vegetation structure; less is known of how different fire history attributes (e.g., time since fire, fire frequency) interact to affect vegetation. Using the temperate eucalypt foothill forests of southeastern Australia as a case study system, we examine two hypotheses about such interactions: (1) post‐fire vegetation succession (e.g., time‐since‐fire effects) is influenced by other fire regime attributes and (2) the severity of the most recent fire overrides the effect of preceding fires on vegetation structure. Empirical data on vegetation structure were collected from 540 sites distributed across central and eastern Victoria, Australia. Linear mixed models were used to examine these hypotheses and determine the relative influence of fire and environmental attributes on vegetation structure. Fire history measures, particularly time since fire, affected several vegetation attributes including ground and canopy strata; others such as low and sub‐canopy vegetation were more strongly influenced by environmental characteristics like rainfall. There was little support for the hypothesis that post‐fire succession is influenced by fire history attributes other than time since fire; only canopy regeneration was influenced by another variable (fire type, representing severity). Our capacity to detect an overriding effect of the severity of the most recent fire was limited by a consistently weak effect of preceding fires on vegetation structure. Overall, results suggest the primary way that fire affects vegetation structure in foothill forests is via attributes of the most recent fire, both its severity and time since its occurrence; other attributes of fire regimes (e.g., fire interval, frequency) have less influence. The strong effect of environmental drivers, such as rainfall and topography, on many structural features show that foothill forest vegetation is also influenced by factors outside human control. While fire is amenable to human management, results suggest that at broad scales, structural attributes of these forests are relatively resilient to the effects of current fire regimes. Nonetheless, the potential for more frequent severe fires at short intervals, associated with a changing climate and/or fire management, warrant further consideration.
Female fecundity traits in wild populations of African annual fish: the role of the aridity gradient
Authors: Vrtílek Milan , Reichard Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe evolution of life history is shaped by life expectancy. Life‐history traits coevolve, and optimal states for particular traits are constrained by trade‐offs with other life‐history traits. Life histories contrast among species, but may also diverge intraspecifically, at the level of populations. We studied the evolution of female reproductive allocation strategy, using natural populations of two sympatric species of African annual fishes, Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius orthonotus. These species inhabit pools in the Mozambican savanna that are formed in the rainy season and persist for only 2–10 months. Using 207 female N. furzeri from 11 populations and 243 female N. orthonotus from 14 populations, we tested the effects of genetic background (intraspecific lineage) and life expectancy (position on the aridity gradient determining maximum duration of their temporary habitat) on female fecundity traits. First, we found that variation in female body mass was small within populations, but varied considerably among populations. Second, we found that fecundity was largely defined by female body mass and that females spawned most of their eggs in the morning. Third, we found that the trade‐off between egg size and egg number varied among lineages of N. furzeri and this outcome has been confirmed by data from two separate years. Overall, we demonstrate that local conditions were important determinants for Nothobranchius growth and fecundity and that eggs size in arid region was less limited by female fecundity than in humid region.
Influence of climate drivers on colonization and extinction dynamics of wetland‐dependent species
Authors: Ray Andrew M. , Gould William R. , Hossack Blake R. , Sepulveda Adam J. , Thoma David P. , Patla Debra A. , Daley Rob , Al‐Chokhachy Robert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFreshwater wetlands are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Specifically, changes in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (i.e., climate drivers) are likely to alter flooding regimes of wetlands and affect the vital rates, abundance, and distributions of wetland‐dependent species. Amphibians may be among the most climate‐sensitive wetland‐dependent groups, as many species rely on shallow or intermittently flooded wetland habitats for breeding. Here, we integrated multiple years of high‐resolution gridded climate and amphibian monitoring data from Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks to explicitly model how variations in climate drivers and habitat conditions affect the occurrence and breeding dynamics (i.e., annual extinction and colonization rates) of amphibians. Our results showed that models incorporating climate drivers outperformed models of amphibian breeding dynamics that were exclusively habitat based. Moreover, climate‐driven variation in extinction rates, but not colonization rates, disproportionately influenced amphibian occupancy in monitored wetlands. Long‐term monitoring from national parks coupled with high‐resolution climate data sets will be crucial to describing population dynamics and characterizing the sensitivity of amphibians and other wetland‐dependent species to climate change. Further, long‐term monitoring of wetlands in national parks will help reduce uncertainty surrounding wetland resources and strengthen opportunities to make informed, science‐based decisions that have far‐reaching benefits.
The adaptive evolution of herbivory in freshwater systems
Authors: Sanchez Jessica L , Trexler Joel C 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHerbivory is thought to be nutritionally inefficient relative to carnivory and omnivory, but herbivory evolved from carnivory in many terrestrial and aquatic lineages, suggesting that there are advantages of eating plants. Herbivory has been well‐studied in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, and there is abundant information on feedbacks between herbivores and plants, coevolution of plant and herbivore defenses, mechanisms for mediating nutrient limitation, effects of nutrient limitation on herbivore life history, and, more recently, the origins of the herbivorous diet. Researchers have sufficiently defined the ecological context and evolutionary origins of the herbivorous diet, and these main areas of research have laid the groundwork for studying herbivory as an adaptation. However, we have yet to synthesize this information in a way that allows us to establish a framework of testable adaptive hypotheses. To understand the adaptive significance of this diet transition, we review the current literature and use evidence from these works as support for five hypotheses on the evolution of herbivory from carnivory: (1) intake efficiency—herbivores use part of their food source as habitat, thus minimizing the energy/time spent searching for food and avoiding predators; (2) suboptimal habitat—herbivory allows organisms to invade and establish populations in habitats that have high primary production but low abundance of animal prey; (3) heterotroph facilitation—herbivory is adaptive because herbivores consume microbes associated with producers; (4) lipid allocation—herbivory is adaptive because producers are rich in fatty acids, which fuel reproduction and storage; and (5) disease avoidance—herbivory minimizes animal‐facilitated disease transmission. Due to the extensive literature, we have limited this review to discussing herbivory in freshwater systems. To our knowledge, no prior work has compiled a comprehensive list of conditions that favor an herbivorous diet in nature. With backgrounds in both theoretical and experimental ecology, the incorporation of these hypotheses to the current literature will provide information about diet evolution, where it is currently lacking.
Chemical similarity and local community assembly in the species rich tropical genus Piper
Authors: Salazar Diego , Jaramillo M. Alejandra , Marquis Robert J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCommunity ecologists have strived to find mechanisms that mediate the assembly of natural communities. Recent evidence suggests that natural enemies could play an important role in the assembly of hyper‐diverse tropical plant systems. Classic ecological theory predicts that in order for coexistence to occur, species differences must be maximized across biologically important niche dimensions. For plant–herbivore interactions, it has been recently suggested that, within a particular community, plant species that maximize the difference in chemical defense profiles compared to neighboring taxa will have a relative competitive advantage. Here we tested the hypothesis that plant chemical diversity can affect local community composition in the hyper‐diverse genus Piper at a lowland wet forest location in Costa Rica. We first characterized the chemical composition of 27 of the most locally abundant species of Piper. We then tested whether species with different chemical compositions were more likely to coexist. Finally, we assessed the degree to which Piper phylogenetic relationships are related to differences in secondary chemical composition and community assembly. We found that, on average, co‐occurring species were more likely to differ in chemical composition than expected by chance. Contrary to expectations, there was no phylogenetic signal for overall secondary chemical composition. In addition we found that species in local communities were, on average, more phylogenetically closely related than expected by chance, suggesting that functional traits other than those measured here also influence local assembly. We propose that selection by herbivores for divergent chemistries between closely related species facilitates the coexistence of a high diversity of congeneric taxa via apparent competition.
Study of a collocated Lagrange‐remap scheme for multi‐material flows adapted to HPC
Authors: Braeunig Jean‐Philippe , Chaudet Bastien 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a collocated numerical scheme for multi‐material compressible Euler equations, which attempts to suit to parallel computing constraints. Its main features are conservativity of mass, momentum, total energy and entropy production, and second order in time and space. In the context of a Eulerian Lagrange‐remap scheme on planar geometry and for rectangular meshes, we propose and compare remapping schemes using a finite volume framework. We consider directional splitting or fully multi‐dimensional remaps, and we focus on a definition of the so‐called corner fluxes. We also address the issue of the internal energy behavior when using a conservative total energy remap. It can be perturbed by the duality between kinetic energy obtained through the conservative momentum remap or implicitly through the total energy remap. Therefore, we propose a kinetic energy flux that improves the internal energy remap results in this context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salvage surgery after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with bioradiotherapy
Authors: Rovira Aleix , Tornero Jordi , Oliva Marc , Taberna Miren , Montal Robert , Nogues Julio , Farre Anna , Lares Henry , Navarro Valenti , Mari Antoni , Vinals Joan Maria , Lozano Alicia , Mesia Ricard , Manos Manel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to describe the results and complications of primary site salvage surgery after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with bioradiotherapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 268 patients treated with bioradiotherapy between March 2006 and December 2013 at the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge‐ICO.ResultsFifty‐nine patients developed local recurrence or had residual disease with a 1‐year and 3‐year overall survival of 47% and 15.4%, respectively. Salvage surgery was feasible in 22 patients (37.3%). There were 16 complications in these 22 patients (72.7%), 11 (50%) of which were major. Bilateral neck dissection was identified as a risk factor for complications.ConclusionSalvage surgery after bioradiotherapy is associated with a high rate of complications. Neck dissection seems to be related to an increased rate of complications with no survival improvement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 116–121, 2017
Prediction of radioactive iodine remnant ablation failure in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: A cohort study of 740 patients
Authors: Prpic Marin , Kust Davor , Kruljac Ivan , Kirigin Lora Stanka , Jukic Tomislav , Dabelic Nina , Bolanca Ante , Kusic Zvonko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to detect parameters that could serve as predictors of radioactive iodine (I‐131) ablation failure in patients with low‐risk and intermediate‐risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).MethodsOur cohort study included 740 patients with DTC who received postoperative I‐131 remnant ablation. Anthropometric, biochemical, and pathohistological parameters were analyzed and correlated with ablation outcome using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsTreatment failure rates were higher in patients <53 years, with N1a classification, and lymph node capsular invasion. In patients with N1a disease, thyroglobulin (Tg) > 2.4 ng/mL predicted treatment failure with 93.8% sensitivity and 52.5% specificity, and in patients with N1b disease, Tg > 14.9 ng/mL with 77.8% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity. I‐131 activity was not associated with treatment outcome.ConclusionPatients < 53 years old, with higher Tg levels, N1a classification, and lymph node capsular invasion have a higher risk of ablation failure. Stimulated Tg is an excellent predictor of treatment failure in patients with N1 disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 109–115, 2017
Fabrication and physical properties of glass‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics for non‐metal‐clasp dentures
Authors: Nagakura Manamu , Tanimoto Yasuhiro , Nishiyama Norihiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecently, non‐metal‐clasp dentures (NMCDs) made from thermoplastic resins such as polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, and polypropylene have been used as removable partial dentures (RPDs). However, the use of such RPDs can seriously affect various tissues because of their low rigidity. In this study, we fabricated high‐rigidity glass‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics (GFRTPs) for use in RPDs, and examined their physical properties such as apparent density, dynamic hardness, and flexural properties. GFRTPs made from E‐glass fibers and polypropylene were fabricated using an injection‐molding. The effects of the fiber content on the GFRTP properties were examined using glass‐fiber contents of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mass%. Commercially available denture base materials and NMCD materials were used as controls. The experimental densities of GFRTPs with various fiber contents agreed with the theoretical densities. Dynamic micro‐indentation tests confirmed that the fiber content does not affect the GFRTP surface properties such as dynamic hardness and elastic modulus, because most of the reinforcing glass fibers are embedded in the polypropylene. The flexural strength increased from 55.8 to 217.6 MPa with increasing glass–fiber content from 0 to 50 mass%. The flexural modulus increased from 1.75 to 7.42 GPa with increasing glass–fiber content from 0 to 50 mass%, that is, the flexural strength and modulus of GFRTP with a fiber content of 50 mass% were 3.9 and 4.2 times, respectively, those of unreinforced polypropylene. These results suggest that fiber reinforcement has beneficial effects, and GFRTPs can be used in NMCDs because their physical properties are better than those of controls. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2254–2260, 2017.
A glaciogenic sequence from the Early Pleistocene of the Central North Sea
Authors: Buckley Francis Andrew 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA depositional sequence bounded by upper and lower erosion surfaces covering a 35‐km × 20‐km area within the northern embayment of the Early Pleistocene Central North Sea is dated close to the Jaramillo Normal sub‐chron at approximately 1.0–1.1 Ma. The basal surface cuts shallow marine clays of the upper Nordland Group and is characterized by furrow incisions, mega‐scale glacial lineation textures and bedforms that are all orientated NNW–SSE. The sequence comprises a suite of distinctive bedforms, including a chaotic deposit up to 60 m thick, a series of moulded and lineated depositional bodies and some more complex bedforms, with lithologies shown by petrophysical data to be dominated by overconsolidated clays and thin sand layers. This sequence is considered to represent deposition from the advance and subsequent decay of a marine‐terminating ice‐sheet. The upper surface of the sequence coincides with the so‐called ‘Crenulate Reflection’ and is characterized by a fluvial channel system, representing final retreat of the ice‐sheet, which was followed by shallow marine conditions and deposition of the Aberdeen Ground Formation. It is considered that the Aberdeen Ground Formation comprises at least two main sequences spanning the Early to Middle Pleistocene.
Comparison of Adding Treatment of PTSD During and After Shelter Stay to Standard Care in Residents of Battered Women's Shelters: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Johnson Dawn M. , Johnson Nicole L. , Perez Sara K. , Palmieri Patrick A. , Zlotnick Caron 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study explored the acceptability, feasibility, and initial efficacy of an expanded version of a PTSD treatment developed for residents of battered women's shelters, Helping to Overcome PTSD through Empowerment (HOPE) in women who received standard shelter services (SSSs). A Phase I randomized clinical trial comparing HOPE + SSSs (n = 30) to SSSs (n = 30) was conducted. Primary outcome measures included the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (Blake et al., 1995) and the Revised Conflict Tactic Scales (Straus, Hamby, Boney‐McCoy, & Sugarman, ). Participants were followed at 1‐week, and 3‐ and 6‐months posttreatment. Only 2 women dropped out of HOPE + SSS treatment. Latent growth curve analyses found significant treatment effects for PTSD from intimate partner violence (IPV) (β = −.007, p = .021), but not for future IPV (β = .002, p = .709) across follow‐up points. Significant effects were also found for secondary outcomes of depression severity (β = −.006, p = .052), empowerment (β = .155, p = .022), and resource gain (β = .158, p = .036). Additionally, more women in HOPE + SSSs were employed at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up compared to those in SSSs only. Results showed the acceptability and feasibility of adding IPV‐related treatment to standard services. They also suggested that HOPE may be a promising treatment for residents of battered women's shelters. Further research with a larger sample, utilizing more diverse shelter settings and a more rigorous control condition, is needed to confirm these findings.