bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on Mortality and Intubation Rate in Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Monro-Somerville Thalia , Sim Malcolm , Ruddy James , Vilas Mark , Gillies Michael A. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
High-flow nasal cannulae are used in adults with or at risk of acute respiratory failure. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence for their use in this setting.

Data Sources:
Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Study Selection:
Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing administration of high-flow nasal cannulae with usual care (i.e., conventional oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) in adults with respiratory failure. The primary outcome was hospital mortality; the rate of intubation and assessment of delirium and comfort were secondary outcomes.

Data Extraction:
One hundred forty-seven nonduplicate citations were screened, 32 underwent full screening and data extraction, and 14 trials were eligible for inclusion in the review. Nine trials were used in the meta-analysis, including a total of 2,507 subjects.

Data Synthesis:
When high-flow nasal cannulae were compared with usual care, there was no difference in mortality (high-flow nasal cannulae, 60/1,006 [6%] vs usual care, 90/1,106 [8.1%]) (n = 2,112; p = 0.29; I
2, 25%; fixed effect model: odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58–1.17) or rate of intubation (high-flow nasal cannulae, 119/1,207 [9.9%] vs usual care, 204/1,300 [15.7%]) (n = 2,507; p = 0.08; I
2, 53%; random effect model: odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.37–1.06). A qualitative analysis of 13 studies on tolerability and comfort suggested that high-flow nasal cannulae are associated with improved patient comfort and dyspnea scores. Trial sequential analyses on primary and secondary outcomes suggested that required information size was not reached.

Conclusions:
No difference in mortality or intubation was detected in patients with acute respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal cannulae compared with usual care. High-flow nasal cannulae seem well tolerated by patients. Further large randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate their utility in this setting.
Improving Health Through Political Activism
Authors: Johnston Donald , Landreneau Kandace 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
Nurse leaders have a moral and professional obligation to be aware of and influence policy to promote health at local to national levels. As nurse leaders and concerned local residents, the authors engaged in changing the influence of a sexually-oriented business that was impacting the psychosocial health of local citizenry, especially children. Learning city ordinances and state and federal laws was a precursor to change. Professionalism in action can successfully engage community leaders, create change, and support community health.
MACULAR DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH ANOMALOUS OPTIC NERVES AND DURAL ECTASIA IN 49, XXXXY SYNDROME
Authors: Hajrasouliha Amir R. , Moss Heather E. , Maralani Pejman J. , Kaufman Lawrence , Grassi Michael A. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To present a case of a patient with XXXXY syndrome, anomalous optic nerves, and dural ectasia in conjunction with macular detachment.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 3-year-old boy with XXXXY chromosomal abnormality presented with bilateral maculopathy. On evaluation, he was found to have anomalous optic disks with serous detachment of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bilateral optic nerve dural ectasia without evidence of elevated intracranial pressure.

Conclusion:
XXXXY syndrome, like the related condition of Klinefelter syndrome, can manifest with ocular abnormalities. In the present case, the dural ectasia may have facilitated access of cerebrospinal fluid through anomalous optic nerves, resulting in neurosensory detachment.
Use of Twitter to Educate and Engage Surgeons in Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Goff Debra A. , Jones Christian , Toney Blake , Nwomeh Benedict C. , Bauer Karri , Ellison E. Christopher 
Published: September 2016

Background
As more surgeons use Twitter, it is vital to understand how to engage users. Surgeons need timely education on multidrug-resistant organisms to prescribe effective antibiotics. We evaluated Twitter as a tool to engage and educate surgeons in emerging infectious disease (ID) topics on antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship.

Methods
This was a 3-month prospective cohort study with surgeons who volunteered after attending Twitter Grand Rounds presentation and workshop. Pharmacists tweeted ID topics relevant to surgeons, and each tweet's reach, impressions, and engagement were calculated.

Results
A total of 5117 tweets were sent: 4089 by 21 surgeons and 1028 by study pharmacists. Pharmacists sent 451 ID tweets, and surgeons engaged in 72 ID tweets: 31 retweeted, 29 replied, and 12 “liked” for a potential reach of 5101, potential impressions of 38 784, and actual impressions of 15,895. The top ID tweet topics by actual impressions were antibiotic resistance (3005), global antibiotic stewardship (2257), “superbugs” (2121), and Clostridium difficile (1181). Of the 31 ID retweets by surgeons, 81% had links to articles versus 19% without links (P = 0.54). Grand Rounds evaluations identified that 81% rated the presentation topic as excellent and 77% felt Twitter was relevant to their practice. The conference hashtag #TwitterGrandRounds engaged surgeons tweeting from other institutions and generated an additional 217,317 potential impressions.

Conclusions
Twitter engaged surgeons in ID and antimicrobial stewardship topics and provided real-time education around antimicrobial resistance. Future studies should evaluate whether engagement and education via tweets impact actual antimicrobial use and the rates of antimicrobial resistance.
Role of Telomerase in Cervical Lesions as Prognostic Marker: A Comparison Between Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Ravaioli Sara , Tumedei Maria M. , Amadori Andrea , Puccetti Maurizio , Chiadini Elisa , Bravaccini Sara 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
Amplification of human telomerase is known to be associated with cervical tumorigenesis, although its role in tumor progression of cervical lesions is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of telomerase in predicting the evolution of cervical lesions.

Methods
A total of 50 tissue samples taken by biopsy or conization once or repeatedly from 17 patients with cervical lesions over a 14-year follow-up was analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for hTERC gene alterations and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for hTERT expression. The accuracy of the biomarkers was measured using the area under the curve.

Results
Telomerase gene amplification is highly indicative of cervical lesion evolution and seems to be a more reliable biomarker than the protein expression detected by IHC. In fact, patients with benign lesions or cervical intraepithelial lesions (CINs) showing hTERC amplification relapsed or progressed into CIN 2 and CIN 3 more frequently than those without any gene amplification. FISH and IHC assays had both 86% sensitivity on conized material and 78% and 40% specificity, respectively.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that the most accurate method to evaluate telomerase alterations as prognostic markers in cervical lesions was FISH assay on hTERC gene. The best accuracy was obtained using conized materials.
Targeting the innate repair receptor to treat neuropathy
Authors: Dahan Albert , Brines Michael , Niesters Marieke , Cerami Anthony , van Velzen Monique 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The innate repair receptor (IRR) is a heteromer of the erythropoietin receptor and the β-common (CD131) receptor, which simultaneously activates anti-inflammatory and tissue repair pathways. Experimental data suggest that after peripheral nerve injury, the IRR is upregulated in the spinal cord and modulates the neurogenic inflammatory response. The recently introduced selective IRR agonist ARA290 is an 11-amino acid peptide initially tested in animal models of neuropathy. After sciatic nerve injury, ARA290 produced a rapid and long-term relief of mechanical and cold allodynia in normal mice, but not in animals with a β-common receptor knockout phenotype. In humans, ARA290 has been evaluated in patients with small fiber neuropathy associated with sarcoidosis or type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. In patients with sarcoidosis, ARA290 significantly improved neuropathic and autonomic symptoms, as well as quality of life as assessed by the small fiber neuropathy screening list questionnaire. In addition, ARA290 treatment for 28 days initiated a regrowth of small nerve fibers in the cornea, but not in the epidermis. In patients with T2D, the results were similar to those observed in patients with sarcoidosis along with an improved metabolic profile. In both populations, ARA290 lacked significant adverse effects. These experimental and clinical studies show that ARA290 effectively reprograms a proinflammatory, tissue-damaging milieu into one of healing and tissue repair. Further clinical trials with long-term treatment and follow-up are needed to assess the full potential of IRR activation by ARA290 as a disease-modifying therapy in neuropathy of various etiologies.
Actigraphy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Undergoing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Nishida Masaki , Kikuchi Senichiro , Nisijima Koichi , Suda Shiro 
Published: September 2016

Background
The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on physical activity and sleep patterns in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) remain unclear.

Method
We examined the effects of rTMS treatment on the rest–activity cycle and sleep disturbances in MDD. In this open-label pilot study, 14 patients with medication-resistant MDD underwent 10 rTMS sessions over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, waist actigraphy was used to evaluate alterations in the rest–activity cycle over the course of rTMS treatments. Actigraphic data were evaluated at baseline and in the first (rTMS sessions 1–3), second (rTMS sessions 4–7), and third (rTMS sessions 8–10) sections.

Results
Although Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly improved by rTMS, sleep variables assessed by actigraphy did not show significant changes. However, post hoc tests indicated a significant increase in mean steps per day between the baseline and first section time points (P = 0.014; t
13 = −2.316).

Conclusions
Our data indicated that a daytime physical activity response to rTMS occurred in early sessions, whereas subjective symptom improvements were consistent across all sessions. Future double-blind placebo-controlled studies assessing the effects of rTMS on the rest–activity cycle and sleep disturbances in MDD are warranted.
HiChIP: Efficient and sensitive analysis of protein-directed genome architecture
Authors: Mumbach Maxwell R. , Rubin Adam J. , Flynn Ryan A. , Dai Chao , Khavari Paul A. , Greenleaf William J. , Chang Howard Y. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGenome conformation is central to gene control but challenging to interrogate. Here we present HiChIP, a protein-centric chromatin conformation method. HiChIP improves the yield of conformation-informative reads by over 10-fold and lowers input requirement over 100-fold relative to ChIA-PET. HiChIP of cohesin reveals multi-scale genome architecture with greater signal to background thanin situHi-C. Thus, HiChIP adds to the toolbox of 3D genome structure and regulation for diverse biomedical applications.
13C metabolic flux ratio analysis by direct measurement of free metabolic intermediates in L. mexicana using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Ng Milica , Saunders Eleanor C. , Olshansky Moshe , McConville Malcolm J. , Likić Vladimir A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUntil recently,13C-based flux analyses have almost exclusively relied on analysis of labelled amino acids in proteins. This approach is not directly applicable toLeishmania, as these parasites scavenge most of their amino acids from the media.Leishmaniaare also unusual in that they i) share little genomic similarity with other organisms ii) constitutively express their metabolic genes and iii) display minimal changes in the enzyme levels throughout their life cycle stages. The three factors have contributed to an early development of comprehensive and reproducible13C-based metabolomics approaches in these parasites. The work presented here contributes to the creation of new13C-based metabolic flux approaches based on the isotopologue analysis of free metabolite pools inLeishmania mexicana. Namely, a new approach is presented for simultaneous calculation ofin vivofractional fluxes (or flux ratios) into two or more metabolite nodes with carbon dioxide condensation, based on isotopologue analysis of free metabolite pools. This method is used to perform the first quantitativein vivofractional flux calculation of central carbon metabolism in any human parasite.
A self-initiated two-alternative forced choice paradigm for head-fixed mice
Authors: Marbach Fred , Zador Anthony M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPsychophysical tasks for non-human primates have been instrumental in studying circuits underlying perceptual decision-making. To obtain greater experimental flexibility, these tasks have subsequently been adapted for use in freely moving rodents. However, advances in functional imaging and genetic targeting of neuronal populations have made it critical to develop similar tasks for head-fixed mice. Although head-fixed mice have been trained in two-alternative forced choice tasks before, these tasks were not self-initiated, making it difficult to attribute error trials to perceptual or decision errors as opposed to mere lapses in task engagement. Here, we describe a paradigm for head-fixed mice with three lick spouts, analogous to the well-established 3-port paradigm for freely moving rodents. Mice readily learned to initiate trials on the center spout and performed around 200 self-initiated trials per session, reaching good psychometric performance within two weeks of training. We expect this paradigm will be useful to study the role of defined neural populations in sensory processing and decision-making.
Improving genetic diagnosis in Mendelian disease with transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Cummings Beryl B , Marshall Jamie L , Tukiainen Taru , Lek Monkol , Donkervoort Sandra , Foley A. Reghan , Bolduc Veronique , Waddell Leigh , Sandaradura Sarah , O’Grady Gina , Estrella Elicia , Reddy Hemakumar M , Zhao Fengmei , Weisburd Ben , Karczewski Konrad J , O’Donnell-Luria Anne H , Birnbaum Daniel , Sarkozy Anna , Hu Ying , Gonorazky Hernan , Claeys Kristl , Joshi Himanshu , Bournazos Adam , Oates Emily C. , Ghaoui Roula , Davis Mark , Laing Nigel , Topf Ana ,   GTEx Consortium, Kang Peter B , Beggs Alan H , North Kathryn N , Straub Volker , Dowling James , Muntoni Francesco , Clarke Nigel F , Cooper Sandra T , Bonnemann Carsten G , MacArthur Daniel G 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExome and whole-genome sequencing are becoming increasingly routine approaches in Mendelian disease diagnosis. Despite their success, the current diagnostic rate for genomic analyses across a variety of rare diseases is approximately 25-50%. Here, we explore the utility of transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) as a complementary diagnostic tool in a cohort of 50 patients with genetically undiagnosed rare muscle disorders. We describe an integrated approach to analyze patient muscle RNA-seq, leveraging an analysis framework focused on the detection of transcript-level changes that are unique to the patient compared to over 180 control skeletal muscle samples. We demonstrate the power of RNA-seq to validate candidate splice-disrupting mutations and to identify splice-altering variants in both exonic and deep intronic regions, yielding an overall diagnosis rate of 35%. We also report the discovery of a highly recurrentde novointronic mutation inCOL6A1that results in a dominantly acting splice-gain event, disrupting the critical glycine repeat motif of the triple helical domain. We identify this pathogenic variant in a total of 27 genetically unsolved patients in an external collagen VI-like dystrophy cohort, thus explaining approximately 25% of patients clinically suggestive of collagen VI dystrophy in whom prior genetic analysis is negative. Overall, this study represents a large systematic application of transcriptome sequencing to rare disease diagnosis and highlights its utility for the detection and interpretation of variants missed by current standard diagnostic approaches.One Sentence SummaryTranscriptome sequencing improves the diagnostic rate for Mendelian disease in patients for whom genetic analysis has not returned a diagnosis.
Understanding the absence of renewable electricity imports to the European Union
Authors: Lilliestam Johan , Ellenbeck Saskia , Karakosta Charikleia , Caldés Natàlia 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse reasons for the absence of renewable electricity (RE) imports to the European Union, for which the authors develop a multi-level heuristic.

Design/methodology/approach
The heuristic covers three sequential acceptance levels: political attractiveness (macro-level), the “business case” (micro-level) and civil society perspectives (public discourse level).

Findings
Numerous factors on all three levels determine the success/demise of renewables trade. So far, trade has failed on the macro-level, because European policymakers perceive that targets can be achieved domestically with significant co-benefits and because exporter countries have rapidly increasing electricity demand, limiting the realisable exports. As policymakers deemed it unattractive, they have not implemented policy-supported business cases. Public opposition against trade has not been an issue as no concrete plans or projects have been proposed.

Research limitations/implications
The authors show that the factors determining whether a RE programme is successful are plentiful and extend far beyond potential cost savings. This suggests that future research and the energy policy debate should better account for how cost savings are weighed against other policy aims and explicitly include the perspectives of investors and the public.

Originality/value
This paper adds the first holistic analysis of success/failure factors for RE trade to Europe. The three-level, sequential framework is new to energy policy analysis.
Renewable energy cooperation between the EU and North Africa
Authors: Beneking Andreas , Ellenbeck Saskia , Battaglini Antonella 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Following the issuance of the Renewable Energy Directive in 2009, the European Union (EU) is explicitly pushing for member states to cooperate with third countries to meet their EU 2020 targets. So far, no single joint project is planned or in place yet. This paper aims to look at the opportunities for and barriers to possible RE exports from North Africa into the EU through the concept of a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
Thus, the SWOT for a possible implementation of Article 9 projects are analyzed using expert and stakeholder knowledge. A qualitative assessment was undertaken using data collected through one stakeholder workshop in North Africa, in-depth interviews and a qualitative literature review. The analysis was structured within a three-tier analyzing concept distinguishing between macro, micro and acceptance parameters.

Findings
From the SWOT analysis, some lessons are drawn, future possible measures are identified and conclusions for policymakers are discussed. The authors find that no easy solutions exist as most parameters can be both a strength and a weakness or a threat and an opportunity at the same time depending on future developments and the specific ideological perspective.

Originality/value
This paper provides new information and analysis of renewable energy sources projects in North Africa – application of the SWOT method on Article 9 cooperation projects – application of a three-tier analysis to cope with the complexity of the topic – taking into account often neglected socio-political aspects such as public acceptance.
Congruency as a mediator in an IKEA retail setting
Authors: Helmefalk Miralem 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss how sensory cues are preferred in relation to products, service and store image in a retail context and why retailers should consider the importance of congruence in a retail setting.

Design/methodology/approach
Four qualitative focus group discussions were conducted, following a semi-structured interview guide. A total of 24 participants discussed how and why a lighting department in an IKEA store in Sweden could be regarded as more appealing than the traditional layout.

Findings
The findings indicate that congruency works as a mediator between a retail setting, sensory cues, products, service and store image. Consumers prefer, compare and categorize sensory cues in relation to the specific product in the department, the service offered by the firm and the store image.

Originality/value
A model is developed that conceptualizes congruency as a mediator in a retail setting, which provides an opportunity to further explore external influences on congruency in retail settings, both conceptually and empirically.
Does urban form influence grocery shopping frequency? A study from Seattle, Washington, USA
Authors: Jiao Junfeng , Vernez Moudon Anne , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ascertain how elements of the built environment may or may not influence the frequency of grocery shopping.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the 2009 Seattle Obesity Study, the research investigated the effect of the urban built environment on grocery shopping travel frequency in the Seattle-King County area. Binary and ordered logit models served to estimate the impact of individual characteristics and built environments on grocery shopping travel frequency.FindingsThe results showed that the respondents’ attitude towards food, travel mode, and the network distance between homes and stores exerted the strongest influence on the travel frequency while urban form variables only had a modest influence. The study showed that frequent shoppers were more likely to use alternative transportation modes and shopped closer to their homes and infrequent shoppers tended to drive longer distances to their stores and spent more time and money per visit.Practical implicationsThis research has implications for urban planners and policy makers as well as grocery retailers, as the seemingly disparate groups both have an interest in food shopping frequency.Originality/valueFew studies in the planning or retail literature investigate the influence of the urban built environment and the insights from the planning field. This study uses GIS and a planning framework to provide information that is relevant for grocery retailers and those invested in food distribution.