bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Data Remnant Remains on User Devices to Determine Probative Artifacts in Cloud Environment
Authors: Ahmed Abdulghani Ali , Xue Li Chua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCloud storage service allows users to store their data online, so that they can remotely access, maintain, manage, and back up data from anywhere via the Internet. Although helpful, this storage creates a challenge to digital forensic investigators and practitioners in collecting, identifying, acquiring, and preserving evidential data. This study proposes an investigation scheme for analyzing data remnants and determining probative artifacts in a cloud environment. Using pCloud as a case study, this research collected the data remnants available on end‐user device storage following the storing, uploading, and accessing of data in the cloud storage. Data remnants are collected from several sources, including client software files, directory listing, prefetch, registry, network PCAP, browser, and memory and link files. Results demonstrate that the collected remnants data are beneficial in determining a sufficient number of artifacts about the investigated cybercrime.
Novel Creation of a Rum Flavor Lexicon Through the Use of Web‐Based Material
Authors: Ickes Chelsea M. , Lee Soo‐Yeun , Cadwallader Keith R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFlavor lexicons help both manufacturers and consumers communicate the intricacies of flavor nuances they experience within a product. Lexicon development typically requires the use of a trained sensory panel to evaluate a representative sample set of the product category to generate terms that describe certain product attributes. In the case of rum, there is considerable variation in terms of style, flavor characteristics, and the sheer number of rums produced making it difficult to create a lexicon in this manner. Furthermore, sensory fatigue from the high alcohol content can also hinder lexicon development. This is the first study to create a rum flavor lexicon using web‐based material (comprising blogs, company descriptions, and review websites) to minimize the time and cost and to allow for the inclusion of a greater number of rum products. Reviews for over 1000 different rums were utilized, comprising evaluations that described an array of rums, including white, gold, aged, and agricole. Each evaluation was coded for aroma, aroma‐by‐mouth, and taste attributes using NVivoTM software to amass the sensory terms. Word frequency analysis was conducted on coded attributes. The analysis yielded 147 terms, sorted into 22 different categories. The most prominent terms included vanilla, oak, caramel, fruity, molasses, and baking spices.
Celiac disease prevalence in a large series of patients with Behçet's disease
Authors: Koçak Erdem , Akbal Erdem , Beyazit Yavuz , Ergül Bilal , Karataş Arzu , Köklü Seyfettin , Ekşioğlu H. Meral 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThere are common findings between Behçet's disease (BD) and celiac disease (CD) based on similar immunological pathogenesis and there is only limited data available investigating the link between these two diseases. Furthermore, documented gastrointestinal (GI) involvement with marked upper GI symptoms in BD has been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CD and to evaluate endoscopic findings in Turkish BD patients.MethodsA total of 210 BD patients were included in the study. All patients underwent serological testing for anti‐gliadin and tissue transglutaminase antibodies. Endoscopic examinations were performed in 190 patients who accepted upper GI system endoscopy. Multiple biopsies were taken from the second portion of the duodenum in patients with positive serological assessment for CD.ResultsA total of 4.2% of patients with BD had positive anti‐gliadin and tissue transglutaminase antibody immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies. The prevalence of biopsy‐confirmed CD was 1.05% in Turkish BD patients. The most common endoscopic findings of patients with BD were found to be antral gastritis, duodenitis and esophagitis.ConclusionAlthough BD and CD share many similar clinical manifestations, our results did not support a possible association between these two diseases.
Characterization of immune cells and infection by HIV in human ovarian tissues
Authors: Shen Zheng , Rodriguez‐Garcia Marta , Ochsenbauer Christina , Wira Charles R. 
Published: April 2017

ProblemNew HIV infections in women are predominantly spread through sexual intercourse. Recent non‐human primate studies demonstrated that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) deposited in the vagina infected immune cells in the ovary. Whether immune cells in the human ovary are susceptible to HIV infection is unknown.Method of studyImmune cells were isolated from ovaries and characterized by flow cytometry. Cells were exposed to HIV for 2 hours. HIV infection was measured by flow cytometry and p24 secretion following 6 days in culture.ResultsCD4+ T cells and CD14+ cells are present in the ovary and susceptible to infection by HIV‐BaL. Among the CD45+ cells present, 30% were CD3+ T cells (with similar proportions of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells), and 7%‐10% were CD14+ cells. Both CD4+ T cells and CD14+ cells were productively infected and supported replication.ConclusionImmune cells in the ovary are potential targets for HIV infection.
B‐FAHF‐2 plus oral immunotherapy (OIT) is safer and more effective than OIT alone in a murine model of concurrent peanut/tree nut allergy
Authors: Srivastava K. D. , Song Y. , Yang N. , Liu C. , Goldberg I. E. , Nowak‐Węgrzyn A. , Sampson H. A. , Li X.‐M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundConcurrent sensitization to peanut (PN) and tree nuts (TN), the most dangerous food allergies, is common. Current oral immunotherapy (OIT) is not fully satisfactory.ObjectiveTo determine whether the herbal formula B‐FAHF‐2 (BF2) ameliorates PN/TN OIT adverse reactions and enhances persistence of a tolerant state.MethodsConcurrently sensitized PN‐, walnut‐ (WN) and cashew (CSH)‐allergic mice received 1‐day PN/WN/CSH rush OIT plus 3 weeks of maintenance dosing, with or without 3 weeks prior and 3 weeks BF2 co‐treatment. Anaphylactic symptom scores, core body temperatures, plasma histamine levels, basophil numbers, antigen‐specific IgE, cytokine levels, and IL‐4, INF‐γ and Foxp3 gene promoter DNA methylation status, and their correlation with final challenge symptom scores were determined.ResultsBF2+OIT‐treated mice experienced significantly fewer and less severe adverse reactions than OIT‐only‐treated mice (P<.01) during the 1‐day rush OIT build‐up dose phase. Both OIT‐only and BF2+OIT mice showed significant desensitization (P<.01 and .001, respectively) at 1 week post‐therapy challenge, being greater in BF2+OIT mice. All sham‐treated and 91% of OIT‐treated mice experienced anaphylaxis whereas only 21% of BF2+OIT‐treated mice exhibited reactions during 5‐6 weeks of dose escalation single PN and TN challenges. Greater and more persistent protection in BF2+OIT mice was associated with significantly lower plasma histamine and IgE levels, increased IFN‐γ/IL‐4 and IL‐10/IL‐4 ratios, DNA remethylation at the IL‐4 promoter and demethylation at IFN‐γ and Foxp3 promoters. Final challenge symptom scores were inversely correlated with IL‐4 DNA methylation levels (P<.0002) and positively correlated with IFN‐γ and Foxp3 gene promoter methylation levels (P<.0011) (P<.0165).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCombined BF2/OIT therapy was safer and produced longer post‐treatment protection and more tolerance‐prone immunological and epigenetic modifications than OIT alone. BF2/OIT may provide an additional OIT option for patients with concurrent PN/TN and other food allergies.
Submaximal doses of ghrelin do not inhibit gonadotrophin levels but stimulate prolactin secretion in postmenopausal women
Authors: Messini Christina I. , Malandri Maria , Anifandis George , Dafopoulos Konstantinos , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Sveronis Georgios , Garas Antonios , Daponte Alexandros , Messinis Ioannis E. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveAn inhibitory effect of ghrelin on gonadotrophin secretion has been reported in normally menstruating women possibly modulated by endogenous oestrogen. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ghrelin on gonadotrophin and prolactin (PRL) secretion in oestrogen‐deprived postmenopausal women.DesignProspective intervention study.Patients and MeasurementsTen healthy postmenopausal volunteer women were studied during two 15‐days periods of oestrogen treatment (A and B) a month apart. Four experiments (Exp) were performed in total, two on day 1 (Exp 1A and Exp 1B) and two on day 15 (Exp 15A and Exp 15B) of the two periods. The women received in Exp 1A and in Exp 15A two iv injections of ghrelin (0.15 μg/kg at time 0 minute and 0.30 μg/kg at time 90 minutes) and in Exp1B and in Exp 15B normal saline (2 mL), respectively. Blood samples were taken at −15, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes.ResultsAfter oestrogen treatment, late follicular phase serum oestradiol levels were attained on day 15 of periods A and B. Ghrelin administration did not affect serum levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), whereas it increased significantly those of growth hormone (GH) and PRL. In Exp 15A, serum PRL increment in response to ghrelin (area under the curve, net increment) was significantly greater than in Exp 1A (P<.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates for the first time that in oestrogen‐deprived postmenopausal women, ghrelin administration affects neither FSH nor LH levels but stimulates PRL secretion, that is amplified by exogenous oestrogen administration.
Patient understanding of genetic information influences reproductive decision making in retinoblastoma
Authors: Foster A. , Boyes L. , Burgess L. , Carless S. , Bowyer V. , Jenkinson H. , Parulekar M. , Ainsworth J. , Hungerford J. , Onadim Z. , Sagoo M. , Rosser E. , Reddy M.A. , Cole T. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant tumour of the eye in childhood, with nearly all bilateral tumours and around 17% to 18% of unilateral tumours due to an oncogenic mutation in the RB1 gene in the germline. Genetic testing enables accurate risk assessment and optimal clinical management for the affected individual, siblings, and future offspring.Material and Methods: We carried out the first UK‐wide audit of understanding of genetic testing in individuals with retinoblastoma. A total of 292 individuals aged 16 to 45 years were included.Results: Patients with bilateral disease were significantly more likely to understand the implications of retinoblastoma for siblings and children. There was a significant association between not knowing the results of genetic testing or not understanding the implications and not having children, particularly in women. Surprisingly, this was also true for individuals treated for unilateral disease with a low risk of retinoblastoma for their offspring.Conclusion: We are concerned that individuals may be making life choices based on insufficient information regarding risks of retinoblastoma and reproductive options. We suggest that improvement in transition care is needed to enable individuals to make informed reproductive decisions and to ensure optimal care for children born at risk of retinoblastoma.
Elevation of circulating microRNA levels in obese children compared to healthy controls
Authors: Thompson M. D. , Cismowski M. J. , Serpico M. , Pusateri A. , Brigstock D. R. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAs childhood obesity increases, it is becoming important to understand the complications of obesity in children and develop novel biomarkers. Evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNA) are dys‐regulated in obesity and may serve as sensitive and specific circulating biomarkers. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complication of obesity that ultimately requires a liver biopsy to determine disease severity. While studies have been conducted in adults, no study to date has examined circulating miRNAs in children with obesity and NAFLD. The goal of this study was to evaluate a panel of selected circulating miRNAs in obese children compared to healthy controls. We present here an analysis of a pre‐selected panel of 20 candidate miRNAs in obese children compared to healthy controls. The miRNAs were chosen based on having been previously reported to be involved in NAFLD. We found that 16 out of 20 miRNAs tested were elevated at least twofold in children with obesity compared to controls. miR‐122 and miR‐199a showed the greatest increase in children with obesity versus controls. Both also had a high area under the curve when receiver–operator curves were plotted. Several circulating miRNAs correlated with body mass index (BMI) or serum transaminases. This study provides initial evidence that circulating miRNAs can be measured in the paediatric population and provides several diagnostic candidates increased in children with obesity that may be relevant to NAFLD.
The Semantic Drift of Quotations in Blogspace: A Case Study in Short‐Term Cultural Evolution
Authors: Lerique Sébastien , Roth Camille 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present an empirical case study that connects psycholinguistics with the field of cultural evolution, in order to test for the existence of cultural attractors in the evolution of quotations. Such attractors have been proposed as a useful concept for understanding cultural evolution in relation with individual cognition, but their existence has been hard to test. We focus on the transformation of quotations when they are copied from blog to blog or media website: by coding words with a number of well‐studied lexical features, we show that the way words are substituted in quotations is consistent (a) with the hypothesis of cultural attractors and (b) with known effects of the word features. In particular, words known to be harder to recall in lists have a higher tendency to be substituted, and words easier to recall are produced instead. Our results support the hypothesis that cultural attractors can result from the combination of individual cognitive biases in the interpretation and reproduction of representations.
Prognostic significance of ACP5 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Ya‐Li , Liu Mei‐Rong , Yang Shu‐Xiang , Dong Yu‐Jin , Tan Xiao‐Feng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionTartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5), which is essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation, promotes cell motility through the modulation of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. This study seeks to elucidate the association of ACP5 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (AD).MethodsThe expression of ACP5 was measured by Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in lung AD and matched tumor‐adjacent tissues, and the χ2 test was applied to analyze the correlation between ACP5 expression and clinicopathologic features. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, univariate and multivariate regression analysis was to explore the correlation between ACP5 expression and overall survival (OS).ResultsWe found that ACP5 was frequently upregulated in lung AD tissues. The high expression of ACP5 was significantly related to lymph node status, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, and differentiation. From the results of univariate survival analysis, it indicated that the patients with high expression of ACP5 expression had a significantly lower OS than the patients with low expression of ACP5 expression. As it showed in Multivariate Cox regression analysis, the high expression of ACP5 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS.ConclusionsOur results suggest that high expression of ACP5 correlates with tumor progression and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in lung AD.
Scotland's national naloxone program: The prison experience
Authors: Horsburgh Kirsten , McAuley Andrew 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLaunched in 2011, the Scottish national naloxone program marked an important development in public health policy. Central to its design were strategies to engage prisoners given their elevated risk of drug‐related death in the weeks following liberation. Implementation across Scottish prisons has posed particular challenges linked to both operational issues within prison establishments and individual factors affecting staff delivering, and prisoners engaging, with the program. Barriers have been overcome through innovation and partnership working. This commentary has described how the development of the program in prisons has adapted to these challenges to a point where a largely consistent model is in place and where prisoners‐on‐release are reaping the benefits in terms of reduced opioid‐related mortality.
Clinical and metabolic correlates of cerebral calcifications in Sturge–Weber syndrome
Authors: Pilli Vinod K , Behen Michael E , Hu Jiani , Xuan Yang , Janisse James , Chugani Harry T , Juhász Csaba 
Published: April 2017

AimTo evaluate clinical and metabolic correlates of cerebral calcifications in children with Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS).MethodFifteen children (11 females, four males; age range 7mo–9y, mean 4y 1mo) with unilateral SWS underwent baseline and follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), glucose metabolism positron emission tomography (PET), and neurocognitive assessment (mean follow‐up 1y 8mo). Calcified brain volumes measured on SWI were correlated with areas of abnormal glucose metabolism, seizure variables, and cognitive function (IQ).ResultsTen children had brain calcification at baseline and 11 at follow‐up. Mean calcified brain volume increased from 1.69 to 2.47cm3 (p=0.003) in these children; the rate of interval calcified volume increase was associated with early onset of epilepsy (Spearman's rho [rs]=−0.63, p=0.036). Calcified brain regions showed a variable degree of glucose hypometabolism with the metabolic abnormalities often extending to non‐calcified cerebral lobes. Larger calcified brain volumes at baseline were associated with longer duration of epilepsy (rs=0.69, p=0.004) and lower outcome IQ (rs=−0.53, p=0.042).InterpretationBrain calcifications are common and progress faster in children with SWS with early epilepsy onset, and are associated with a variable degree of hypometabolism, which is typically more extensive than the calcified area. Higher calcified brain volumes may indicate a risk for poorer neurocognitive outcome.
Beyond educational attainment: The importance of skills and lifelong learning for social outcomes. Evidence for Europe from PIAAC
Authors: Vera‐Toscano Esperanza , Rodrigues Margarida , Costa Patricia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that educational attainment nurtures people's social outcomes and promotes active participation in society and stability. However, it is unclear to what extent other types of human capital also correlate with social outcomes. Hence, we explored the opportunity offered by the PIAAC survey through its provision of information on educational attainment, observed individual key skills proficiency, and participation in adult education and training (adult lifelong learning). We therefore studied the association between these human capital variables and social outcomes, and more specifically interpersonal trust and participation in volunteering activities. Results revealed that these social outcomes were affected not only by the formal qualification obtained, determined by the education variable, but also throughout the life‐cycle. Indeed, education and training when undertaken during adult life have a significant impact, especially on volunteering. The fact that the skill proficiency also plays a significant role is extremely relevant, as skills are more likely to change over the life‐cycle, either in a positive or negative way. Whilst the formal education received is constant after exiting the educational system, skills reflect competences more accurately: first, because those with the same level of education may have different skill levels because of differences in the quality of education or ability; second, because skills can vary over time. For example, they may increase with work experience or informal education, or decrease as a result of depreciation and ageing. These findings suggest that social outcomes are prone to be affected by many factors other than formal education, suggesting that policy makers can implement recommendations even after formal education has been completed.
Scalp EEG Ictal gamma and beta activity during infantile spasms: Evidence of focality
Authors: Nariai Hiroki , Beal Jules , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Mowrey Wenzhu B. , Bickel Stephan , Sogawa Yoshimi , Jehle Rana , Shinnar Shlomo , Moshé Solomon L. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveWe investigated temporal and spatial characteristics of ictal gamma and beta activity on scalp EEG during spasms in patients with West syndrome (WS) to evaluate potential focal cortical onset.MethodsA total of 1,033 spasms from 34 patients with WS of various etiologies were analyzed on video‐electroencephalography (EEG) using time‐frequency analysis. Ictal gamma (35–90 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) activities were correlated with visual symmetry of spasms, objective EMG (electromyography) analysis, and etiology of WS.ResultsPrior to the ictal motor manifestation, focal ictal gamma activity emerged from one hemisphere (71%, 24/34) or from midline (26%, 9/34), and was rarely simultaneously bilateral (3%, 1/34). Focal ictal beta activity emerged from either one hemisphere (68%, 23/34) or from midline (32%, 11/34). Onsets of focal ictal gamma and beta activity were most commonly observed around the parietal areas. Focal ictal gamma activity propagated faster than ictal beta activity to adjacent electrodes (median: 65 vs. 170 msec, p < 0.01), and to contralateral hemisphere (median: 100 vs. 170 msec, p = 0.01). Asymmetric peak amplitude of ictal gamma activity in the centroparietal areas (C3‐P3 vs. C4‐P4) correlated with asymmetric semiology. On the other hand, most of the visually symmetric spasms showed asymmetry in peak amplitude and interhemispheric onset latency difference in both ictal gamma and beta activity.SignificanceSpasms may be a seizure with focal electrographic onset regardless of visual symmetry. Asymmetric involvement of ictal gamma activity to the centroparietal areas may determine the motor manifestations in WS. Scalp EEG ictal gamma and beta activity may be useful to demonstrate localized seizure onset in infants with WS.