bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective observational study of prevalence and outcomes of patients with Gold Standard Framework criteria in a tertiary regional Australian Hospital
Authors: Milnes Sharyn , Orford Neil R , Berkeley Laura , Lambert Nigel , Simpson Nicholas , Elderkin Tania , Corke Charlie , Bailey Michael 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesReport the use of an objective tool, UK Gold Standards Framework (GSF) criteria, to describe the prevalence, recognition and outcomes of patients with palliative care needs in an Australian acute health setting. The rationale for this is to enable hospital doctors to identify patients who should have a patient-centred discussion about goals of care in hospital.DesignProspective, observational, cohort study.ParticipantsAdult in-patients during two separate 24 h periods.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of in-patients with GSF criteria, documentation of treatment limitations, hospital and 1 year survival, admission and discharge destination and multivariate regression analysis of factors associated with the presence of hospital treatment limitations and 1 year survival.ResultsOf 626 in-patients reviewed, 171 (27.3%) had at least one GSF criterion, with documentation of a treatment limitation discussion in 60 (30.5%) of those patients who had GSF criteria. Hospital mortality was 9.9%, 1 year mortality 50.3% and 3-year mortality 70.2% in patients with GSF criteria. One-year mortality was highest in patients with GSF cancer (73%), renal failure (67%) and heart failure (60%) criteria. Multivariate analysis revealed age, hospital length of stay and presence of the GSF chronic obstructive pulmonary disease criteria were independently associated with the likelihood of an in-hospital treatment limitation. Non-survivors at 3 years were more likely to have a GSF cancer (25% vs 6%, p=0.004), neurological (10% vs 3%, p=0.04), or frailty (45% vs 3%, p=0.04) criteria. After multivariate logistic regression GSF cancer criteria, renal failure criteria and the presence of two or more GSF clinical criteria were independently associated with increased risk of death at 3 years. Patients returning home to live reduced from 69% (preadmission) to 27% after discharge.ConclusionsThe use of an objective clinical tool identifies a high prevalence of patients with palliative care needs in the acute tertiary Australian hospital setting, with a high 1 year mortality and poor return to independence in this population. The low rate of documentation of discussions about treatment limitations in this population suggests palliative care needs are not recognised and discussed in the majority of patients.Trial registration number11/121.
Different quantum f-divergences and the reversibility of quantum operations
Authors: Hiai Fumio , Mosonyi Milán 
Published: July 2017

The concept of classical [Formula: see text]-divergences gives a unified framework to construct and study measures of dissimilarity of probability distributions; special cases include the relative entropy and the Rényi divergences. Various quantum versions of this concept, and more narrowly, the concept of Rényi divergences, have been introduced in the literature with applications in quantum information theory; most notably Petz’ quasi-entropies (standard [Formula: see text]-divergences), Matsumoto’s maximal [Formula: see text]-divergences, measured [Formula: see text]-divergences, and sandwiched and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi divergences.In this paper, we give a systematic overview of the various concepts of quantum [Formula: see text]-divergences, with a main focus on their monotonicity under quantum operations, and the implications of the preservation of a quantum [Formula: see text]-divergence by a quantum operation. In particular, we compare the standard and the maximal [Formula: see text]-divergences regarding their ability to detect the reversibility of quantum operations. We also show that these two quantum [Formula: see text]-divergences are strictly different for non-commuting operators unless [Formula: see text] is a polynomial, and obtain some analogous partial results for the relation between the measured and the standard [Formula: see text]-divergences.We also study the monotonicity of the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi divergences under the special class of bistochastic maps that leave one of the arguments of the Rényi divergence invariant, and determine domains of the parameters [Formula: see text] where monotonicity holds, and where the preservation of the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi divergence implies the reversibility of the quantum operation.
Estimating the Reliability Function
Authors: Kundu Piyali , Kumar Somesh , Chatterjee Kashinath 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: This paper considers the problem of estimation of Rp = Pr(Y p > max( Y1, …, Yp-1)) where Y1; Y2; …, Yp are all independent random variables following one parameter exponential distributions. As an application, Rp is the stress-strength reliability of a component having strength Yp and is subjected to several independent stresses Y1; Y2; …, Yp-1. Apart from providing several estimators of Rp, the main thrust is on the derivation of uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE). A simulation study is performed to compare the estimators obtained in this paper.
Identifying Occupational Performance Issues with Older Adults: Therapists’ Perspectives
Authors: Trentham Barry , Dunal Lynda 
Published: July 2017

Background Identifying occupational performance issues is an essential component of the occupational therapy process. Little attention has been paid to therapists’ management of this aspect of geriatric practice. Purpose This study explored therapists’ approach to identifying occupational performance issues (OPI) with older adults. Methods Information gathered from semi-structured interviews was analyzed using Polkinghorne's (1995) analysis of narrative method. Findings The study demonstrated how therapists prepare clients to engage in the OPI identification process; use interviewing strategies to build trust; and tap into client narratives to foster hope in occupational possibilities. Implications Findings suggest that therapists require a complex set of highly skilled strategies to engage clients in OPI identification through tapping into aspects of the client's motivational influences, occupational histories, therapy expectations, and generational attitudes about aging. Further study is required to identify ways to overcome structural barriers to more occupational and narrative-based approaches to identifying occupational performance issues.
An Evaluation of a Workshop about Obesity Designed for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Forhan Mary , Law Mary 
Published: July 2017

Background The evaluation of knowledge translation activities designed to increase knowledge for occupational therapy practitioners is required to advance evidence-based practice. Purpose This study examines the development, implementation, and evaluation of a workshop aimed at raising awareness about obesity and the role for occupational therapy interventions with an obese population. Methods Fifty-one occupational therapists participated in interactive workshops. Measures of beliefs and attitudes toward obese persons and readiness to work with obese clients were completed. Findings Analysis revealed a change in beliefs about obese persons but no changes in attitudes. Participants reported feeling better informed about obesity and more prepared to work with clients with obesity. The potential for occupational therapy interventions to enable occupation for persons with obesity was recognized. Implications This study provides evidence to support the use of interactive workshops for the purpose of translating knowledge using an approach that is relevant to occupational therapy practice
Friendships of Adolescents with Physical Disabilities Attending Inclusive High Schools
Authors: Jamieson Margaret , Hutchinson Nancy L. , Taylor Jennifer , Westlake Kelly P. , Berg Derek , Boyce Will 
Published: July 2017

Background Adolescents with physical disabilities (PD) report difficulties making friends. Education in inclusive high schools may help to minimize these challenges. Purpose This paper begins to answer the question: What is the nature of the friendships of adolescents with PD attending inclusive high schools? Methods Standard qualitative methods were used to analyze the data of three multi-perspective case studies that included interviews of three adolescents with PD and their nominated friends, parents, and teachers. Based on these analyses, we describe the activities and the quality of the adolescents’ interactions and relationships. Findings Three unique patterns of friendship were identified: an extensive network of friendships, a core group of friends with an avid interest, and few friendships in or out of school. Implications Successful development of friendships among adolescents with and without PD is complex and influenced by personal, environmental, interactional, and relationship factors.
Tubal factor infertility in Benin City, Nigeria - sociodemographics of patients and aetiopathogenic factors
Authors: Umeora O U J , Mbazor J O , Okpere E E 
Published: July 2017

In Africa, infertility constitutes a major gynaecological complaint and causes enormous socio-psychological stress to the patients. This study examined retrospective data at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, over a 5-year period to determine the factors associated with tubal infertility. Tubal infertility was confirmed in 13.5% of the 1181 new cases of infertility over the study period. The mean age of the patients was 33.2 ±9.5 years. Over 65% were nulliparous and all socioeconomic classes were affected. Major associated factors included infections such as post-abortal sepsis, puerperal sepsis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Infertility is largely preventable. Attention should be focused on reducing the incidence of unsafe abortion and its consequences, providing clean and safe delivery as well as reducing the incidence of and ensuring proper treatment of any cases of PID.
Isolated corticotropin deficiency in chronic alcoholism
Authors: Kearney T , Robinson S , Johnston D G 
Published: July 2017

Summary Three patients who chronically abused alcohol were found to be hyponatraemic with normal plasma potassium. The first had been admitted with confusion and weight loss, the second with hypotension and sepsis, and the third with confusion and hypoglycaemia-induced seizures. All three patients had a subnormal cortisol response in the short synacthen test; however, the plasma cortisol after three days of tetracosactrin administration was greater than 550 nmol/L. Baseline corticotropin levels were less than 10 pg/mL in all three. No structural lesions of the hypothalamo-pituitary tract were found and there was no evidence of other endocrinopathies. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy led to the resolution of hyponatraemia and hypoglycaemia, where present, and to clinical improvement. The two surviving patients remained hypocortisolaemic in the long term, without recurrence of hyponatraemia or hypoglycaemia. The features of isolated corticotropin deficiency are easily confused with other effects of chronic alcohol abuse. In alcoholic patients with unexplained hyponatraemia, hypoglycaemia or haemodynamic instability, a short tetracosactrin test is advisable.
Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in clinical evaluation of chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Deale Alicia , Wessely Simon 
Published: July 2017

Summary The overlap of symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and psychiatric disorders such as depression can complicate diagnosis. Patients often complain that they are wrongly given a psychiatric label. We compared psychiatric diagnoses made by general practitioners and hospital doctors with diagnoses established according to research diagnostic criteria. 68 CFS patients referred to a hospital fatigue clinic were assessed, and psychiatric diagnoses were established by use of a standardized interview schedule designed to provide current and lifetime diagnoses. These were compared with psychiatric diagnoses previously given to patients. Of the 31 patients who had previously received a psychiatric diagnosis 21 (68%) had been misdiagnosed: in most cases there was no evidence of any past or current psychiatric disorder. Of the 37 patients who had not previously received a psychiatric diagnosis 13 (35%) had a treatable psychiatric disorder in addition to CFS. These findings highlight the difficulties of routine clinical evaluation of psychiatric disorder in CFS patients. We advise doctors to focus on subtle features that discriminate between disorders and to use a brief screening instrument such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Costs of seeking ethics approval before and after the introduction of multicentre research ethics committees
Authors: Dunn N R , Arscott A , Mann R D 
Published: July 2017

Summary With the advent of multicentre research ethics committees in the UK, local research ethics committees (LRECs) are required to advise only on issues relating to the local acceptability of a project. We looked at the handling of two commercially sponsored studies, one initiated before the change and one after, confining the analysis to 21 LRECs approached in both. As judged by the amount of paper per application, the new system for LRECs is simpler and should be less costly. However, there was an increasing tendency for LRECs to charge for their services (30% study 1, 47% study 2) and these charges varied by more than 400%. If such fees must be levied, a common scale is desirable.
Reports of clinical trials should begin and end with up-to-date systematic reviews of other relevant evidence: a status report
Authors: Clarke Mike , Hopewell Sally , Chalmers Lain 
Published: July 2017

Summary Objective Scientific and ethical justification for new clinical trials requires them to have been designed in the light of scientifically defensible assessments of relevant previous research. Reliable interpretation of the results of new clinical trials entails setting them in the context of updates of the reviews upon which they were deemed scientifically and ethically justifiable. We have shown previously that most reports of randomized trials published in five general medical journals in May 1997 and in May 2001 failed to set their results in the context of the findings from similar research. In the current study, we assess whether there had been progress in this respect in 2005 and also investigate the extent to which reports begin by referring to systematic reviews providing the justification for the new research reported. Design Assessment of the Introduction and Discussion sections in all reports of randomized trials published during May 2005 in five general medical journals. Setting Reports of randomized trials in five general medical journals. Participants Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine. Interventions None. Main outcome measures The inclusion or mention of one or more systematic reviews in the Introduction or Discussion section of each report assessed. Results We found 18 reports of randomized trials. The Introduction sections referred to systematic reviews in five (27%) of these reports. None of the Discussion sections of the 15 reports of trials that were not the first published trials to address the question studied placed the results of the new trial in the context of an updated systematic review of other research. Although reference was made to relevant systematic reviews in five of these 15 reports, there was no integration—quantitative or qualitative—of the results of the new trials in an update of these reviews. In the remaining ten reports there was no evidence that any systematic attempt had been made to set the new results in the context of previous trials. Conclusions There is no evidence of progress between 1997 and 2005 in the proportion of reports of trials published in general medical journals which discussed new results within the context of up-to-date systematic reviews of relevant evidence from other controlled trials. Although the proportion of trials referring to systematic reviews in Discussion sections has increased, the majority of reports continued to fail even to do this. Similarly, most researchers appear not to have considered a systematic review when designing their trial. Researchers and journal editors do a disservice to the interests of the public and others involved in healthcare decision-making by acquiescing in this situation.
Abductor vocal cord spasm
Authors: Aviv Jonathan E. , Sanders Ira , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to introduce a new phenomenon—abductor vocal cord spasm, or abductor laryngospasm. Second, to reconcile a longstanding discrepancy involving the effect of lung inflation on vocal cord position. Abductor laryngospasm was induced in six anesthetized, tracheotomized dogs by the administration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) after occlusion of the trachea for 60 seconds. Abductor laryngospasm was characterized by sustained vocal cord abduction with concomitant massive, continuous posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) electromyography (EMG) activity and little or no laryngeal adductor muscle EMG activity. Vocal cord opening was sustained for up to 90 seconds. In the same dogs, administration of CPAP, after hyperventilation of the animal, resulted in adductor laryngospasm. Adductor laryngospasm was characterized by steady apposition of the vocal cords, massive laryngeal adductor muscle EMG activity, and silent PCA EMG activity. Abductor laryngospasm appears to be the physiologic converse of adductor laryngospasm. The results of this study show that lung inflation can produce either vocal cord abduction or adduction, depending on whether the dog is hypoventilated or hyperventilated before administration of CPAP.
Soft tissue effects of the holmium‐YSGG laser in the canine trachea
Authors: Shapshay Stanley M. , Aretz H. Thomas , Setzer Suzanne E. 
Published: July 2017

A holmium‐yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser is a pulsed midinfrared crystalline laser (wavelength 2.1 μm). which is easily transmissable through flexible quartz fibers. With use of a 300‐μm fiber delivery system, this laser was applied in the canine trachea to create a standard 5‐mm diameter lesion through mucosa and submucosa. Power settings of 400 mJ and 600 mJ per pulse at 2 pulses per second were used, and wound healing was studied over a 2‐week period. Excellent control of depth of tissue ablation was noted, with uncomplicated wound repair. Although healing was somewhat slower compared with healing when the CO2 laser was used, less granulation and fewer inflammatory changes were noted. Further studies need to be performed to determine ideal laser dosimetry before this laser is applied clinically.
Role of prolactin-opiate interactions in the central regulation of pain threshold
Authors: Nicoletti Ferdinando , Drago Filippo , Speciale Carmela , Kovacs L. Gabor , Scapagnini Umberto 
Published: July 2017

Endogenous hyperprolactinaemia induced by anterior pituitary transplantation under the kidney capsule has been found to reduce the behavioural responsiveness to electrical footshock and to increase morphine-induced analgesia. The apparent analgesic effect of prolactin has been related to the stimulation of nigro-striatal dopaminergic transmission, as suggested by the increase in striatal dopamine turnover observed in hyperprolactinaemic rats. It seems likely that central opiate system is involved in the behavioural effects of prolactin. Thus, naloxone prevents the effects of hyperprolactinaemia on footshock responsiveness and heroin self-administration is decreased in hyperprolactinaemic rats. Il a été remarqué que l'hyperprolactinémie causée per la greffe de l'hypophyse antérieure sous la capsule rénale réduit la réponse comportamentale au footshock électrique et augmente l'analgésie produite par la morphine. L'effet analgésique apparent de la prolactine a été mis en relation avec le stimulus de la transmission dopaminergique nigro-striée, comme il est suggéré par l'augmentation du turnover de la dopamine striée chez les rats hyperprolac-tinémiques. Il est probable que le système central opioide joue un rôle dans les effets comportamentaux de la prolactine. Le naloxone est donc à même de prévenir les effets de l'hyperprolactinémie sur la réponse au footshock et de réduire l'autoadministration de l'héroine chez les rats hyperprolactinémiques. L'iperprolattinemia indotta da trapianto di ipofisi anteriore sotto la capsula renale è nota ridurre la risposta comportamentale al footshock elettrico e l'analgesia indotta da morfina. Questo apparente effetto analgesico della prolattina è stato messo in rapporto con la stimolazione della trasmissione dopaminergica nigro-striatale, come suggerito dall'incremento del turnover di dopamina striatale osservato in ratti iperprolattinemici. Sembra quindi verosimile che il sistema oppioide centrale sia coinvolto negli effetti comportamentali della prolattina. Il naloxone peraltro è in grado di prevenire gli effetti della iperprolattinemia sulla risposta al footshock come di ridurre l'autosomministrazione di eroina nei ratti iperprolattinemici.
Pituitary secretions and wake–sleep cycle
Authors: Passouant P. 
Published: July 2017

Neurohumoral correlations of sleep are considered from three aspects: 1. Metabolism and cerebral blood circulation (CBF, EEG, endocranial pressure, cerebral temperature); 2. Neuromediators and neuropeptides (5-HT, hypnogen neuropeptides); 3. The influence of the sleeping–waking cycle on adeno-hypophyseal secretion rhythms (GH, PRL, LH, TSH). Variations of these parameters can play an important role in the onset of night crises of migraine and cluster headache. Les liens neuro-humoraux du sommeil sont considérés selon trois points de vue: 1. Circulation cérébrale et métabolisme (CBF, EEG, pression endocrânienne, température cérébrale); 2. Neuromédiateurs et neuropeptides (5-HT, neuropeptides hypnogènes); 3. Influence du cycle sommeil-veille sur les rythmes de sécrétion adénohypophysaire (GH, PRL, LH, TSH). Des variations de ces paramètres peuvent jouer un rôle important dans le déclenchement des crises nocturnes de migraine et de céphalée à grappe. Le correlazioni neuroumorali del sonno vengono considerate da 3 punti di vista: 1. Circolazione cerebrale e metabolismo (CBF, EEG, pressione endocranica, temperatura cerebrale); 2. Neuromediatori e neuropeptidi (5-HT, neuropeptidi ipnogeni); 3. Influenza del ciclo sonno-veglia sui ritmi di secrezione adenoipofisaria (GH, PRL, LH, TSH). Variazioni di questi parametri possono svolgere un ruolo importante nello scatenamento delle crisi notturne di emicrania e di cefalea a grappolo.