bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Generational Differences in Persons With Down Syndrome
Authors: Coppus Antonia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDue to advances in care and medical treatment there has been a steady improvement in the life expectancy and quality of life for persons with Down syndrome (DS). It is not known if the increase in longevity will also mean that age‐dependent diseases in a younger generation of adults with DS will occur at a later age. Comparing two generations of adults can give us insight into the different health aspects experienced by adults with DS. Methods: A prospective longitudinal DS study cohort was set up, consisting of participants at a DS outpatient clinic. This clinic provides a yearly multidisciplinary DS Health Watch program. Since its inception, 141 persons have agreed to participate in a longitudinal prospective study, the “Health Watch study.” They visited the outpatient clinic annually from 2007 to 2015, a mean follow‐up of about 5 years (0.1–8.4 years). The mean age of the participants was 33.9 years (18–70 years). Of those, 25% were younger than 20 and 25% were older than 44. Cross‐sectional data were used to compare the generations. Results: Findings are baseline data of this longitudinal “Health Watch study.” The results show a discrepancy in health conditions and functional characteristics between those in the age category of 44 years and older and those below the age of 20 years. Conclusion: This study suggests that differences observed between the generations are possible predictors of a healthier state and longer life expectancy for a younger generation of adults with DS. Only a longitudinal follow‐up can confirm these findings.
Social Media and the Diffusion of Information: A Computational Experiment on the Emergence of Food Scares
Authors: Desmarchelier Benoît , Fang Eddy S. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis paper examines how social media have modified the process through which information spreads within a population. Building on agent‐based modeling and a behavioral survey on information diffusion following a food scare in China (n = 586), we study diffusion networks in simulated populations with and without access to social media. While the use of social media does not increase the likelihood of informational cascades, our results suggest a significant change in the topology of diffusion networks. Social media facilitate the formation of feedback loops through the emergence of multiple links, which can potentially lead to instances of market and social panic.
Dual‐compartmental transcriptomic + proteomic analysis of a marine endosymbiosis exposed to environmental change
Authors: Mayfield Anderson B. , Wang Yu‐Bin , Chen Chii‐Shiarng , Chen Shu‐Hwa , Lin Chung‐Yen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs significant anthropogenic pressures are putting undue stress on the world's oceans, there has been a concerted effort to understand how marine organisms respond to environmental change. Transcriptomic approaches, in particular, have been readily employed to document the mRNA‐level response of a plethora of marine invertebrates exposed to an array of simulated stress scenarios, with the tacit and untested assumption being that the respective proteins show a corresponding trend. To better understand the degree of congruency between mRNA and protein expression in an endosymbiotic marine invertebrate, mRNAs and proteins were sequenced from the same samples of the common, Indo‐Pacific coral Seriatopora hystrix exposed to stable or upwelling‐simulating conditions for 1 week. Of the 167 proteins downregulated at variable temperature, only two were associated with mRNAs that were also differentially expressed between treatments. Of the 378 differentially expressed genes, none were associated with a differentially expressed protein. Collectively, these results highlight the inherent risk of inferring cellular behaviour based on mRNA expression data alone and challenge the current, mRNA‐focused approach taken by most marine and many molecular biologists.
Urinary renalase concentration in patients with preserved kidney function undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Wybraniec Maciej T. , Bożentowicz‐Wikarek Maria , Chudek Jerzy , Mizia‐Stec Katarzyna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of the study was to evaluate urinary renalase concentration before and after coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary interventions (CA/PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved kidney function and verify its potential application as contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) diagnostic marker.MethodsThis prospective study comprised 95 consecutive patients (69.5% men; median age 65 years) with CAD submitted to elective or urgent CA/PCI. Data regarding 128 clinical variables were obtained. Urine samples were collected on admission and 6 h after CA/PCI and tested for urinary renalase using ELISA method, which was expressed as renalase‐to‐creatinine ratio. The CI‐AKI diagnosis was based on ≥50% relative or ≥0.3 mg/dl absolute increase of serum creatinine concentration 48 h following the procedure.ResultsNine patients developed CI‐AKI (9.5%). In comparison to baseline values, urinary renalase‐to‐creatinine ratio significantly decreased 6 h following CA/PCI, (2843.6 vs.1540.7 ng/mg, P < 0.0001). Nine patients developed CI‐AKI (9.5%).The reduction of renalase level was profound both in CI‐AKI (2709.7 vs. 1585.7 ng/mg, P = 0.007) and non‐CI‐AKI group (2814.9 vs.1561.8 ng/mg, P < 0.0001). There was a trend towards a greater relative decrease of urinary renalase in CI‐AKI group (−57.3 vs.–41.8%, P = 0.10). Univariate analysis revealed that both pre‐ and post‐procedural urinary renalase did not predict CI‐AKI onset; however, absolute decrease of renalase below 25 percentile was a predictor of CI‐AKI (OR = 5.4, 95% CI:1.3–21.9, P = 0.027).ConclusionUrinary renalase concentration is reduced in the aftermath of CA/PCI, which may be related to CI‐AKI development. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of urinary renalase as a CI‐AKI diagnostic marker.
Intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and steroids induce immunological and clinical remission in New‐incident and relapsing primary membranous nephropathy
Authors: Kanigicherla Durga Anil K , Hamilton Patrick , Czapla Krystyna , Brenchley Paul EC 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAimPrimary membranous nephropathy is associated with progression to end stage renal diseasein some patients. Standard therapy with cyclical cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids can be associated with significant adverse effects. We aimed to assess immunological and clinical response with intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and oral steroids in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome – in a prospective observational cohort study.MethodsA total of 17 consecutive patients (nine new‐incident and eight relapses) with severe nephrotic syndrome received monthly intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and oral steroids after failure to achieve remission with supportive therapy. Immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued at 6 months or earlier if proteinuria regressed to <100 mg/mmol and patients were followed for 12 months. Achievement of partial remission was primary outcome; changes in clinical parameters and anti‐PLA2R were secondary outcomes.ResultsDose of cyclophosphamide received was 5.4 g in New‐incident patients and 4.2 g in patients with relapses. All 17 patients achieved partial remission within 6 months: proteinuria improved from 656 to 102 mg/mmol at 6 months and 55 mg/mmol at 12 months (P < 0.001); eGFR improved from 31 to 48 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at 6 months and 45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at 12 months (P < 0.05). Anti‐PLA2R levels reduced from 244 to 10 U/L at 6 months and 10 U/L at 12 months (P < 0.001). Two out of nine patients in the New‐incident group developed subsequent relapse. Cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide and steroids that patients received was about half of the standard regime.ConclusionPulse cyclophosphamide with oral steroids induced immunological and clinical partial remission at significantly reduced doses in primary membranous nephropathy.
Rooting for cassava: insights into photosynthesis and associated physiology as a route to improve yield potential
Authors: De Souza Amanda P. , Massenburg Lynnicia N. , Jaiswal Deepak , Cheng Siyuan , Shekar Rachel , Long Stephen P. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAs a consequence of an increase in world population, food demand is expected to grow by up to 110% in the next 30–35 yr. The population of sub‐Saharan Africa is projected to increase by > 120%. In this region, cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the second most important source of calories and contributes c. 30% of the daily calorie requirements per person. Despite its importance, the average yield of cassava in Africa has not increased significantly since 1961. An evaluation of modern cultivars of cassava showed that the interception efficiency (ɛi) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the efficiency of conversion of that intercepted PAR (ɛc) are major opportunities for genetic improvement of the yield potential. This review examines what is known of the physiological processes underlying productivity in cassava and seeks to provide some strategies and directions toward yield improvement through genetic alterations to physiology to increase ɛi and ɛc. Possible physiological limitations, as well as environmental constraints, are discussed.

Contents

Summary
50

I.
Introduction
50

II.
How might genetic yield potential be increased in cassava?
52

III.
Modifying the cassava canopy to achieve higher ɛi
54

IV.
Increasing εc in cassava through photosynthesis
55

V.
Does cassava have the sink capacity for an increased influx of photoassimilates?
57

VI.
Environmental stress effects on photosynthesis and development
57

VII.
Conclusion
59

Acknowledgements
60

References
61
TRPA1 gene polymorphisms and childhood asthma
Authors: Gallo Valentina , Dijk F. Nicole , Holloway John W. , Ring Susan M. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Postma Dirkje S. , Strachan David P. , Granell Raquel , de Jongste Johan C. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , den Dekker Herman T. , Duijts Liesbeth , Henderson A. John , Shaheen Seif O. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAnimal data have suggested that the transient receptor potential ankyrin‐1 (TRPA1) ion channel plays a key role in promoting airway inflammation in asthma and may mediate effects of paracetamol on asthma, yet confirmatory human data are lacking. To study associations of TRPA1 gene variants with childhood asthma and total IgE concentration, and interactions between TRPA1 and prenatal paracetamol exposure on these outcomes.MethodsWe analysed associations between 31 TRPA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and current doctor‐diagnosed asthma and total IgE concentration at 7.5 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. We sought to confirm the most significant associations with comparable outcomes in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) and Generation R birth cohorts. In ALSPAC, we explored interactions with prenatal paracetamol exposure.ResultsIn ALSPAC, there was strong evidence for association between six SNPs and asthma: rs959974 and rs1384001 (per‐allele odds ratio for both: 1.30 (95% CI: 1.15–1.47), p = 0.00001), rs7010969 (OR 1.28 (1.13–1.46), p = 0.00004), rs3735945 (OR 1.30 (1.09–1.55), p = 0.003), rs920829 (OR 1.30 (1.09–1.54), p = 0.004) and rs4738202 (OR 1.22 (1.07–1.39), p = 0.004). In a meta‐analysis across the three cohorts, the pooled effect estimates confirmed that all six SNPs were significantly associated with asthma. In ALSPAC, TRPA1 associations with asthma were not modified by prenatal paracetamol, although associations with IgE concentration were.ConclusionThis study suggests that TRPA1 may play a role in the development of childhood asthma. (249 words)
Evaluation of I‐Gel™ size 2 airway in different degrees of neck flexion in anesthetized children – a prospective, self‐controlled trial
Authors: Jain Divya , Ghai Babita , Gandhi Komal , Banerjee Gargi , Bala Indu , Samujh Ram 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundA previous study by our group demonstrated an increase in oropharyngeal leak pressures and a deterioration of ventilation in maximum neck flexion with the I‐Gel™. To ascertain the optimal degree of neck flexion which increases OPLP without compromising ventilation we conducted a prospective self‐controlled trial with the I‐Gel™ in different degrees of neck flexion in anesthetized paralyzed children.MethodologyThe I‐gel™ was inserted in 60 children undergoing inhalation induction with muscle paralysis for routine general anesthesia. Recordings of peak inspiratory pressures (PIP) at flexion of 15°, 30°, and 45° were taken as the primary outcome. Expired tidal volume, ventilation scoring, fiberoptic gradings, and OPLP in different degrees of flexion were recorded as secondary outcomes.ResultsThere was a significant increase in mean PIP in cm H2O at flexion 30° [13.3 (95% CI 12.8–13.8) cm H2O, P < 0.001] and 45° flexion (16.5 [15.9–17.1] cm H2O, P < 0.001) compared to neutral. A decrease in the expired tidal volume was seen at flexion of 30° (7.6 [7.3–7.8] cm H2O, P = 0.00) and 45° (7.6 [7.3–7.8] cm H2O, P = 0.00). There was deterioration of ventilation score, mean [range] at 30° flexion 2[0–3], and 45° flexion 1[0–3] compared to the neutral 3[2–3]. There was a significant increase in OPLP with an increase in degree of flexion.ConclusionWe conclude that 15° neck flexion can safely be applied without compromising ventilation with the I‐Gel™ in anesthetized paralyzed children. However, Flexion of 30° or more warrants caution or the use of alternative devices like an endotracheal tube due to increase in PIP and worsening of ventilation score.
Codeine use among children in the United States: a nationally representative study from 1996 to 2013
Authors: Livingstone Margaret J. , Groenewald Cornelius B. , Rabbitts Jennifer A. , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundConcerns regarding the safety of codeine have been raised. Cases of life‐threatening respiratory depression and death in children have been attributed to codeine's polymorphic metabolic pathway. International health agencies recommend restricted use of codeine in children. Despite these recommendations, the epidemiology of codeine use among children remains unknown.AimsOur objective was to examine patterns of codeine use in the US among children.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of children of age 0–17 years from 1996 to 2013 in the US was performed. Data were extracted from MEPS, a nationally representative set of health care surveys. Prevalence rates of codeine use between 1996 and 2013 were examined. Multivariable logistic regression examined relationships between codeine use and patient demographics.ResultsCodeine use remained largely unchanged from 1996 to 2013 (1.08 vs 1.03 million children, respectively). Odds of codeine use was higher in ages 12–17 (OR, 1.40; [1.21–1.61]), outside of the Northeastern US, and among those with poor physical health status (OR, 3.29 [1.79–6.03]). Codeine use was lower in children whose ethnicity was not white and those uninsured (OR, 0.47 [0.34–0.63]). Codeine was most frequently prescribed by emergency physicians (18%) and dentists (14%). The most common condition associated with codeine use was trauma‐related pain.ConclusionsPediatric codeine use has declined since 1996; however, more than 1 million children still used codeine in 2013. Health care providers must be made aware of guidelines advising against the use of codeine in children. Codeine is potentially hazardous and safer alternatives to treat children's pain are available.
Safety and Efficacy of Occipital Nerves Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Migraines: Randomized, Double‐blind, Controlled Single‐center Experience
Authors: Mekhail Nagy A. , Estemalik Emad , Azer Gerges , Davis Kristina , Tepper Stuart J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundA recent multicenter study presented 52‐week safety and efficacy results from an open‐label extension of a randomized, sham‐controlled trial for patients with chronic migraine (CM) undergoing peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves. We present the data from a single center of 20 patients enrolled at the Cleveland Clinic's Pain Management Department.MethodsIn this single center, 20 patients were implanted with a neurostimulation system, randomized to an active or control group for 12 weeks, and received open‐label treatment for an additional 40 weeks. Outcomes collected included number of headache days, pain intensity, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Zung Pain and Distress (PAD), direct patient reports of headache pain relief, quality of life, satisfaction, and adverse events (AEs).ResultsHeadache days per month were reduced by 8.51 (±9.81) days (P < 0.0001). The proportion of patients who achieved a 30% and 50% reduction in headache days and/or pain intensity was 60% and 35%, respectively. MIDAS and Zung PAD were reduced for all patients. Fifteen (75%) of the 20 patients at the site reported at least one AE. A total of 20 AEs were reported from the site.ConclusionOur results support the 12‐month efficacy of 20 CM patients receiving peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves in this single‐center trial.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of flunitrazepam‐related complex sleep behaviors
Authors: Tsai Jui‐Kang , Yen Chia‐Nan , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Hwang Tzung‐Jeng , Chen Shao‐Tsu , Chen Tzu‐Ting , Ko Chih‐Hung , Su Po‐Wen , Chang Yu‐Ping , Lin Jin‐Jia , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: October 2016

AimComplex sleep behaviors (CSB) are often associated with the use of hypnotic drugs. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of CSB among psychiatric patients who were given flunitrazepam.MethodsFrom June 2011 to May 2012, a total of 268 psychiatric outpatients who had received flunitrazepam for at least 3 months were enrolled. Data on occurrence of CSB, demographic characteristics, flunitrazepam dosage and duration of use, psychiatric diagnoses, physical illnesses, and alcohol use were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the clinical correlates of CSB.ResultsSixty‐six participants (24.6%) reported experiencing CSB. Logistic regression analysis showed that a high dosage (>2 mg/day) of flunitrazepam (odds ratio [OR] = 1.941, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.090–3.455, P = 0.024) and alcohol use (OR = 1.948, 95%CI = 1.023–3.709, P = 0.042) were significantly associated with the occurrence of CSB. Sex, age, duration of flunitrazepam use, psychiatric diagnoses, and physical illnesses were not significantly associated with the occurrence of CSB.Conclusion
CSB among flunitrazepam users should be monitored routinely, especially among those receiving a high dosage who also consume alcohol.
Congenital Milium of the Nipple
Authors: Ferreira Muriel Guarda , Salgado Manuel Baptista 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 12‐month‐old girl presented with an asymptomatic, pearly nodule on the left nipple that had been present from birth and was currently 3 mm in diameter and growing. Assuming the diagnosis of congenital primary milium of the nipple, we took a “wait and see” approach. After 3 months, the pearl disappeared without any scarring.
Pilomatricoma Associated with Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Bernier Fanny‐Emmanuelle , Schreiber Ariane , Coulombe Jérome , Hatami Afshin , Marcoux Danielle 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report three cases of pilomatricomas associated with Kabuki syndrome (KS), supporting the hypothesis proposed of an association between pilomatricomas and KS and suggesting a noncoincidental association, because the Wnt pathway mutations involved could affect both morphogenesis and tumorigenesis in these patients.
The Impact of Aid on Total Government Expenditures: New Evidence on Fungibility
Authors: Marć Łukasz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAid is said to be fungible at the aggregate level if it raises government expenditures by less than the total amount. This happens when the recipient government decreases domestic revenue, decreases net borrowing, or when aid bypasses the budget. This study makes three contributions to both fungibility and fiscal response literature. First, fungibility at the aggregate level is re‐examined on a larger recent panel 1980–2012, distinguishing between short‐ and long‐term impact of aid. The results indicate that aid is partly fungible in the long run and highly fungible in the short run. Second, to account for aid bypassing the budget, technical cooperation is used as a proxy for off‐budget aid. Off‐budget aid is found to be non‐fungible and on‐budget aid is partly fungible. Third, fungibility of bilateral and multilateral aid is analyzed: the results indicate lower fungibility of multilateral aid.
Aortic thrombosis in dogs
Authors: Williams Trevor P.E. , Shaw Scott , Porter Adam , Berkwitt Larry 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo review information regarding etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for aortic thrombotic disease in dogs.EtiologyDiseases resulting in hypercoagulable states can cause thrombus formation in the distal aorta, and account for the majority of cases of aortic thrombosis (ATh) in dogs, although a substantial number of cases have no identifiable underlying cause. Aortic thromboembolism (ATE) also occurs but appears to be much less frequently documented.DiagnosisThe presentation of ATh and ATE in dogs is more varied compared to cats. Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific clinical signs. Definitive diagnosis involves direct visualization of the thrombus, which is often obtained via ultrasound; however, other imaging modalities such as computed tomography scans can be utilized.TherapyThe optimal treatment for aortic thrombotic disease in dogs has yet to be determined. Although not always possible, treatment of concurrent diseases that may promote thrombosis is an important aspect of thrombus resolution. A recent retrospective study reported positive results with long‐term warfarin therapy; however, other studies have not reported similar results. Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparins are additional anticoagulants that have been utilized. Platelet inhibitor therapy should also be considered in combination with anticoagulant therapy.PrognosisSurvival for dogs with ATh or ATE is reported to be between 50% and 60%. Dogs that present with chronic clinical signs appear to have a better prognosis than those who are acutely affected or those who are severely affected.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON AN ENZYME IMMOBILIZED OPTICAL BIOSENSOR FOR ARSENITE DETECTION
Authors: Teoh Wei Kheng , Zahari Farhana , Shahir Shafinaz 
Published: October 2016

Arsenite is an inorganic form of arsenic that poses hazardous effect to human. It is a common environmental heavy metal contaminant ubiquitously found in water and groundwater. In this study, an optical biosensor for arsenite determination was developed by immobilization of crude arsenite oxidase (Aio) extracted from recombinant E. coli, in chitosan solution coated on triacetyl-cellulose membrane employing DCPIP as colour indicator. The arsenite oxidase (Aio) was successfully expressed and extracted from recombinant E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). The protein concentration and specific activity of the crude arsenite oxidase were determined. Expression of Aio was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The crude Aio was also successfully immobilized in chitosan and coated on triacetyl cellulose membrane. The response time and dynamic range of the optical biosensor were optimized. The response time of the developed biosensor was 15 minutes. The amount of DCPIP reduced (DA) was inversely proportional to the arsenite concentration. Standard calibration curve for arsenite detection was achieved within the range of arsenite concentration from 25 µM to 200 µM. The maximum detection limit was determined to be 250 µM arsenite.