bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging muscle as a potential biomarker of denervation in motor neuron disease
Authors: Jenkins Thomas M , Alix James J P , David Charlotte , Pearson Eilish , Rao D Ganesh , Hoggard Nigel , O’Brien Eoghan , Baster Kathleen , Bradburn Michael , Bigley Julia , McDermott Christopher J , Wilkinson Iain D , Shaw Pamela J 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo assess clinical, electrophysiological and whole-body muscle MRI measurements of progression in patients with motor neuron disease (MND), as tools for future clinical trials, and to probe pathophysiological mechanisms in vivo.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, observational, clinicoelectrophysiological and radiological cohort study was performed. Twenty-nine patients with MND and 22 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls were assessed with clinical measures, electrophysiological motor unit number index (MUNIX) and T2-weighted whole-body muscle MRI, at first clinical presentation and 4 months later. Between-group differences and associations were assessed using age-adjusted and gender-adjusted multivariable regression models. Within-subject longitudinal changes were assessed using paired t-tests. Patterns of disease spread were modelled using mixed-effects multivariable regression, assessing associations between muscle relative T2 signal and anatomical adjacency to site of clinical onset.ResultsPatients with MND had 30% higher relative T2 muscle signal than controls at baseline (all regions mean, 95% CI 15% to 45%, p<0.001). Higher T2 signal was associated with greater overall disability (coefficient −0.009, 95% CI −0.017 to –0.001, p=0.023) and with clinical weakness and lower MUNIX in multiple individual muscles. Relative T2 signal in bilateral tibialis anterior increased over 4 months in patients with MND (right: 10.2%, 95% CI 2.0% to 18.4%, p=0.017; left: 14.1%, 95% CI 3.4% to 24.9%, p=0.013). Anatomically, contiguous disease spread on MRI was not apparent in this model.ConclusionsWhole-body muscle MRI offers a new approach to objective assessment of denervation over short timescales in MND and enables investigation of patterns of disease spread in vivo. Muscles inaccessible to conventional clinical and electrophysiological assessment may be investigated using this methodology.
Circulatory disease in French nuclear fuel cycle workers chronically exposed to uranium: a nested case–control study
Authors: Zhivin Sergey , Guseva Canu Irina , Davesne Estelle , Blanchardon Eric , Garsi Jérôme-Philippe , Samson Eric , Niogret Christine , Zablotska Lydia B , Laurier Dominique 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThere is growing evidence of an association between low-dose external γ-radiation and circulatory system diseases (CSDs), yet sparse data exist about an association with chronic internal uranium exposure and the role of non-radiation risk factors. We conducted a nested case–control study of French AREVA NC Pierrelatte nuclear workers employed between 1960 and 2005 to estimate CSD risks adjusting for major CSD risk factors (smoking, blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol and glycaemia) and external γ-radiation dose.MethodsThe study included 102 cases of death from CSD and 416 controls individually matched on age, gender, birth cohort and socio-professional status. Information on CSD risk factors was collected from occupational medical records. Organ-specific absorbed doses were estimated using biomonitoring data, taking into account exposure regime and uranium physicochemical properties. External γ-radiation was measured by individual dosimeter badges. Analysis was conducted with conditional logistic regression.ResultsWorkers were exposed to very low radiation doses (mean γ-radiation dose 2 and lung uranium dose 1 mGy). A positive but imprecise association was observed (excess OR per mGy 0.2, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.5). Results obtained after adjustment suggest that uranium exposure might be an independent CSD risk factor.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a positive association might exist between internal uranium exposure and CSD mortality, not confounded by CSD risk factors. Future work should focus on numerous uncertainties associated with internal uranium dose estimation and on understanding biological pathway of CSD after protracted low-dose internal radiation exposure.
Correction of odds ratios in case-control studies for exposure misclassification with partial knowledge of the degree of agreement among experts who assessed exposures
Authors: Burstyn Igor , Gustafson Paul , Pintos Javier , Lavoué Jérôme , Siemiatycki Jack 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesEstimates of association between exposures and diseases are often distorted by error in exposure classification. When the validity of exposure assessment is known, this can be used to adjust these estimates. When exposure is assessed by experts, even if validity is not known, we sometimes have information about interrater reliability. We present a Bayesian method for translating the knowledge of interrater reliability, which is often available, into knowledge about validity, which is often needed but not directly available, and applying this to correct odds ratios (OR).MethodsThe method allows for inclusion of observed potential confounders in the analysis, as is common in regression-based control for confounding. Our method uses a novel type of prior on sensitivity and specificity. The approach is illustrated with data from a case-control study of lung cancer risk and occupational exposure to diesel engine emissions, in which exposure assessment was made by detailed job history interviews with study subjects followed by expert judgement.ResultsUsing interrater agreement measured by kappas (κ), we estimate sensitivity and specificity of exposure assessment and derive misclassification-corrected confounder-adjusted OR. Misclassification-corrected and confounder-adjusted OR obtained with the most defensible prior had a posterior distribution centre of 1.6 with 95% credible interval (Crl) 1.1 to 2.6. This was on average greater in magnitude than frequentist point estimate of 1.3 (95% Crl 1.0 to 1.7).ConclusionsThe method yields insights into the degree of exposure misclassification and appears to reduce attenuation bias due to misclassification of exposure while the estimated uncertainty increased.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Minor and Mild Stroke Patients Harboring Large Vessel Occlusion in the Anterior Circulation
Authors: Dargazanli Cyril , Arquizan Caroline , Gory Benjamin , Consoli Arturo , Labreuche Julien , Redjem Hocine , Eker Omer , Decroix Jean-Pierre , Corlobé Astrid , Mourand Isabelle , Gaillard Nicolas , Ayrignac Xavier , Charif Mahmoud , Duhamel Alain , Labeyrie Paul-Emile , Riquelme Carlos , Ciccio Gabriele , Smajda Stanislas , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Gascou Grégory , Lefèvre Pierre-Henri , Mantilla-García Daniel , Cagnazzo Federico , Coskun Oguzhan , Mazighi Mikael , Riva Roberto , Bourdain Frédéric , Labauge Pierre , Rodesch Georges , Obadia Michael , Bonafé Alain , Turjman Francis , Costalat Vincent , Piotin Michel , Blanc Raphaël , Lapergue Bertrand , Wang Adrien , Evrard Serge , Tchikviladzé Maya , Gonzalez-Valcarcel Jaime , Di Maria Federico , Pico Fernando , Rakotoharinandrasana Haja , Tassan Philippe , Poll Roxanna , Corabianu Ovide , de Broucker Thomas , Smadja Didier , Alamowitch Sonia , Ille Olivier , Manchon Eric , Garcia Pierre-Yves 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Proximal large vessel occlusion (LVO) is present in up to 30% of minor strokes. The effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the subgroup of minor stroke with LVO in the anterior circulation is still open to debate. Data about MT in this subgroup of patients are sparse, and their optimal management has not yet been defined. The purpose of this multicenter cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MT in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke (AIS) because of LVO in the anterior circulation, presenting with minor-to-mild stroke symptoms (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of <8).

Methods—
Multicenter cohort study involving 4 comprehensive stroke centers having 2 therapeutic approaches (urgent thrombectomy associated with best medical treatment [BMT] versus BMT first and MT if worsening occurs) about management of patients with minor and mild acute ischemic stroke harboring LVO in the anterior circulation. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. The primary end point was the rate of excellent outcome defined as the achievement of a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1 at 3 months.

Results—
Three hundred one patients were included, 170 with urgent MT associated with BMT, and 131 with BMT alone as first-line treatment. Patients treated with MT were younger, more often received intravenous thrombolysis, and had shorter time to imaging. Twenty-four patients (18.0%) in the medical group had rescue MT because of neurological worsening. Overall, excellent outcome was achieved in 64.5% of patients, with no difference between the 2 groups. Stratified analysis according to key subgroups did not find heterogeneity in the treatment effect size.

Conclusions—
Minor-to-mild stroke patients with LVO achieved excellent and favorable functional outcomes at 3 months in similar proportions between urgent MT versus delayed MT associated with BMT. There is thus an urgent need for randomized trials to define the effectiveness of MT in this patient subgroup.
Predictors of Good Outcome After Endovascular Therapy for Vertebrobasilar Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Haussen Diogo C. , Aghaebrahim Amin , Grossberg Jonathan A. , Walker Gregory , Rangaraju Srikant , Horev Anat , Frankel Michael R. , Nogueira Raul G. , Jovin Tudor G. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Endovascular therapy is increasingly used in acute ischemic stroke treatment and is now considered the gold standard approach for selected patient populations. Prior studies have demonstrated that eventual patient outcomes depend on both patient-specific factors and procedural considerations. However, these factors remain unclear for acute basilar artery occlusion stroke. We sought to determine prognostic factors of good outcome in acute posterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes treated with endovascular therapy.

Methods—
We reviewed our prospectively collected endovascular databases at 2 US tertiary care academic institutions for patients with acute posterior circulation strokes from September 2005 to September 2015 who had 3-month modified Rankin Scale documented. Baseline characteristics, procedural data, and outcomes were evaluated. A good outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. The association between clinical and procedural parameters and functional outcome was assessed.

Results—

A total of 214 patients qualified for the study. Smoking status, creatinine levels, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, anesthesia modality (conscious sedation versus general anesthesia), procedural length, and reperfusion status were significantly associated with good outcomes in the univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that only smoking (odds ratio=2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–5.56;
P
=0.013), low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio=1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.13;
P
<0.0001), and successful reperfusion status (odds ratio=10.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–85.96;
P
=0.025) were associated with good outcome.

Conclusions—
In our retrospective case series, only smoking, low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and successful reperfusion status were associated with good outcome in patients with posterior circulation stroke treated with endovascular therapy.
On Ignored Global “Scientific Revolutions”
Authors: Cañizares-Esguerra Jorge 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The categories that structure the study of early modern science are organized around the epistemological liberal regime of facts, objectivity, skepticism, print culture, the public sphere, and the Republic of Letters. The regime of early-modern science in the global Spanish Monarchy is not well known because it was forged in a very different system, one of rewards and legislation in which most activities were transacted through one-on-one epistolary correspondence and intimate transference of information in translation workshops. This global system, nevertheless, engendered ceaseless technical and scientific innovations. I study three cases: the extraction and transformation of silver ores in several spaces; the production of ships and new botanical resources that reorganized global dockyards; and the creation of local translation workshops to facilitate the circulation of knowledge within the global empire. “European” science, the “West,” and instrumental reason have always been global co-creations. However, colonial and postcolonial Manichean dichotomous historiographical categories have made this truism hard to see.
Anterior Palatoplasty for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Binar Murat , Karakoc Omer 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the general outcomes and surgical success rates of anterior palatoplasty (AP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesA systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis of published data were performed by searching the Cochrane, SAGE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases, from January 1, 2007, to March 27, 2017, using relevant keywords.Review MethodsThe search scanned for studies with patients who had undergone AP (with or without tonsillectomy) as a single‐stage, single‐level surgical intervention for treatment of OSA. Two independent reviewers (M.B. and O.K.) inspected titles and abstracts of the studies according to established criteria. The full texts were then reviewed to extract the clinical and polysomnographic data. The primary outcome was the surgical success rate, defined as a reduction in the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of 50% or greater and an AHI of less than 20 postoperatively. The PRISMA statement was followed.ResultsAfter systematic evaluation of potentially relevant articles, 14 studies were downloaded, and 6 studies, consisting of 170 patients, met the study criteria. A fixed effects model was used to analyze the data. The surgical success rate of AP was 60.6%. No serious complications were reported in the literature.ConclusionThe results of the present meta‐analysis support AP as a moderately effective surgical method for the treatment of OSA. Comparative and randomized controlled prospective studies showing long‐term results, with pre‐ and postoperative data, should be conducted to demonstrate the exact outcomes and reliability of this surgical technique.
Alcohol Dependence in Palliative Care
Authors: MacCormac Aisling 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Alcohol misuse affects up to 28% of palliative care inpatients. This article aims to summarize the existing literature on the care of palliative patients with alcohol dependence. Methods: The author searched CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, and PubMed from inception until July 2017 using search terms including “alcohol*,” “dependence,” and “palliative.” The results were reported in a narrative manner. Results: Identification of alcohol-dependent patients can be improved through the use of validated tools such as “Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye Opener” (CAGE) and “Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test” (AUDIT). These patients may have specific palliative care needs such as increased susceptibility to terminal agitation, high prevalence of comorbidities, and poor social support networks. Management may involve detoxification, controlled usage of alcohol, or treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Conclusions: Patients may derive clinical benefit when alcohol dependence is identified by health-care professionals. Routine screening should be considered. Further research is needed to directly compare treatments for alcohol dependence in palliative care.
Validation of the LupusPRO version 1.8: an update to a disease-specific patient-reported outcome tool for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Azizoddin D R , Weinberg S , Gandhi N , Arora S , Block J A , Sequeira W , Jolly M 
Published: October 2017

Objectives LupusPRO has shown good measurement properties as a disease-specific patient-reported outcome tool in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For the purpose of clinical trials, the version 1.7 (v1.7) domain of Pain-Vitality was separated into distinct Pain, Vitality and Sleep domains in v1.8, and the psychometric properties examined. Methods A total of 131 consecutive SLE patients were self-administered surveys assessing fatigue (FACIT, SF-36), pain (Pain Inventory, SF-36), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), emotional health (PHQ-9, SF-36) and quality of life (SF-36, LupusPRO) at routine care visits. Internal consistency reliability (ICR) for each domain was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha. The convergent construct validity of LupusPRO domains with corresponding SF-36 domains or tools were tested using Spearman correlation. Varimax rotations were conducted to assess factor structures of the LupusPRO v1.8. Results Mean (SD) age was 40.04 (14.10) years. Scores from the LupusPRO-Sleep domain strongly correlated with insomnia scores, while LupusPRO-Vitality correlated strongly with fatigue (FACIT) and SF-36 vitality. The LupusPRO-Pain domain correlated strongly with pain (SF36 Bodily-Pain, Pain Inventory) scores. Similarly, the LupusPRO domains of Physical and Emotional Health had significant correlations with corresponding SF-36 domains. The ICR for HRQoL and non-HRQoL were 0.96 and 0.81. LupusPRO (domains HRQoL and QoL) scores correlated with disease activity. Principal component analysis included seven factor loadings presenting for the HRQOL subscales (combined Sleep, Vitality, and Pain), and three factors for the NHRQoL (Combined Coping and Social Support). Conclusions LupusPRO v1.8 (including its Sleep, Vitality, and Pain domains) has acceptable reliability and validity. Use of LupusPRO as an outcome measure in clinical trials would facilitate responsiveness assessment.
Sleep Disturbance Mediates the Association of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Pain in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lillis Teresa A. , Gerhart James , Bouchard Laura C. , Cvengros Jamie , O’Mahony Sean , Kopkash Katherine , Kabaker Katherine B. , Burns John 
Published: October 2017

Background: Sleep disturbance is a common complaint of patients with cancer and is well established in both pain conditions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An estimated one-third of patients with cancer develop symptoms of PTSD at some point in their treatment. However, few studies have evaluated the contributions of PTSD and sleep disturbance to pain processes in cancer populations. The current study used mediation models to test the hypothesis that sleep disturbance would mediate the relationships between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity and PTSD symptoms and pain interference in a sample of patients with cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective chart review was conducted of the electronic medical records of 85 adult patients with cancer (89.4% female; 59% white; 42% metastatic) who sought individual psychosocial support services at our institution. Results: Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, sleep disturbance, pain intensity, and pain interference were all positively correlated ( P < .01). Clinical levels of PTSD symptoms were reported by 30% to 60% of the sample. Even after controlling for metastatic disease, race, and cancer type, sleep disturbance mediated the relationships between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity ( B = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10-0.44) and PTSD symptoms and pain-related interference ( B = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.28-0.87). Conclusions: The relationships among PTSD symptoms, pain intensity, and pain interference could be explained by co-occurring sleep disturbance. Given the high frequency of PTSD symptoms among patients with cancer and PTSD’s known links to sleep problems and pain, clinicians should be attentive to the role that traumatogenic processes may play in eliciting sleep and pain-related complaints among patients with cancer.
Microarray analysis to identify the similarities and differences of pathogenesis between aortic occlusive disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Wang Guofu , Bi Lechang , Wang Gaofeng , Huang Feilai , Lu Mingjing , Zhu Kai 
Published: October 2017

Objectives Expression profile of GSE57691 was analyzed to identify the similarities and differences between aortic occlusive disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods The expression profile of GSE57691 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 20 small abdominal aortic aneurysm samples, 29 large abdominal aortic aneurysm samples, 9 aortic occlusive disease samples, and 10 control samples. Using the limma package in R, the differentially expressed genes were screened. Followed by enrichment analysis was performed for the differentially expressed genes using database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery online tool. Based on string online tool and Cytoscape software, protein–protein interaction network and module analyses were carried out. Moreover, integrated TF platform database and Cytoscape software were used for constructing transcriptional regulatory networks. Results As a result, 1757, 354, and 396 differentially expressed genes separately were identified in aortic occlusive disease, large abdominal aortic aneurysm, and small abdominal aortic aneurysm samples. UBB was significantly enriched in proteolysis related pathways with a high degree in three groups. SPARCL1 was another gene shared by these groups and regulated by NFIA, which had a high degree in transcriptional regulatory network. ACTB, a significant upregulated gene in abdominal aortic aneurysm samples, could be regulated by CLIC4, which was significantly enriched in cell motions. ACLY and NFIB were separately identified in aortic occlusive disease and small abdominal aortic aneurysm samples, and separately enriched in lipid metabolism and negative regulation of cell proliferation. Conclusions The downregulated UBB, NFIA, and SPARCL1 might play key roles in both aortic occlusive disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm, while the upregulated ACTB might only involve in abdominal aortic aneurysm. ACLY and NFIB were specifically involved in aortic occlusive disease and small abdominal aortic aneurysm separately.
Motivations and Experiences of Canadians Seeking Treatment for Lyme Disease Outside of the Conventional Canadian Health-Care System
Authors: Boudreau Corinne R , Lloyd Vett K , Gould Odette N 
Published: October 2017

Objective: We aimed to describe the experiences of Canadians who seek diagnosis and treatment for Lyme disease outside of the conventional Canadian health-care system. Methods: Forty-five individuals who had sought treatment for Lyme disease outside of the conventional Canadian health-care system were recruited from Lyme support and advocacy groups across Canada to answer open-ended questions about their experiences. Results: Respondents sought treatment outside of the conventional medical system due to extensive diagnostic procedures and treatments that did not resolve symptoms. Escalating health concerns, lack of effective treatment, and stigma produced a sense of abandonment and desperation. Respondents accessed alternative forms of care based on the recommendations of peers, yet considerable financial and emotional stress was experienced. Conclusions: Many individuals with Lyme or Lyme-like diseases are deeply dissatisfied with the care received within the conventional Canadian health-care system and therefore felt both pushed and pulled to seek treatments either from international physicians using different treatment protocols or from alternative medicine providers in Canada.