bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1994
Authors: Witkowski John F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was RCB with 13 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Single row plots were 50 ft in length and at 30 inch spacings. Corn was planted into double disk corn stalks on 25 Apr. Granular insecticides were applied in a 7 inch band with cone belt distributors mounted on a Hahn Hi-Boy. Liquid insecticides were applied with a backpack sprayer in 20 gal of water/acre at 30 psi, except for 2 treatments of Pounce 3.2 EC, which were applied at 10 & 30 gal of water/acre. Application date was 29 Jun. Five d prior to insecticide application 6 black headed ECB egg masses were infected in marked plants for later evaluation. On 26 Jul, the 10 marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Evaluation of Microbial and Conventional Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer on Whorl Stage Corn, Clay Center, NE, 1994
Authors: Wright Robert J. , DeVries Terry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Registered and experimental Bacillus thuringiensis formulations, conventional insecticides and a commercially available nematode (BioSafe) were evaluated for their efficacy against ECB in whorl stage field corn. The trial was located in a field which was planted as an adult corn rootworm trap crop (soil insecticide free). The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each replicate consisted of a single row 40 ft long with 30-inch row spacing. All plots were planted on 6 Jun. ECB egg masses (black-head stage) laid on wax paper discs were precounted in the laboratory, placed in vials and infested on 8 Jul by placing them in the whorl of the infested plant. Five consecutive plants in each treatment per replication were infested with 10 egg masses each. The crop growth stage was 40—15 inches extended leaf height. All insecticide applications were made on 13 Jul. Conditions at time of applications were: air temperature, 85°F; wind direction and speed, north at 10 mph; relative humidity, 80.2%; subsoil temperature at 4 inches, 76.3°F and crop growth stage, extended leaf height of 52-60 inches. A mason jar with holes in the lid was used to apply preweighed amounts of granular insecticides and the nematode. Granules were applied uniformly to the whorls of the plants by shaking the mason jar. Liquid insecticides were banded over the whorl uniformly with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a spray volume of 18.4 gpa at 30 psi. The infested plants were evaluated for larval feeding damage on 9-12 Aug, 33-36 d after egg mass infestation. The plants were dissected lengthwise and the accumulated length and number of larval cavities recorded. From the infestation date to final damage evaluation, precipitation totalled 3.79 inches plus irrigation 3.03 inches.
Apple, Evaluation of Acaricides Applied Airblast, 1994
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of ‘Yorking’. The trees were planted to a spacing of 10 × 20 ft and were 21 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa, driven at 2 mph. Spray dates were: 8 Jul (all treatments), 19 Jul (Kelthane only), 26 Jul (Carzol only) and 2 Aug (Carzol combinations only). All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (Topsin 85DF, Captan 50WP, Nova 40WP, and Penncozeb 80WP) and nutrient (CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 50WP, Swat 8EC) were applied as needed at 1- to 2-week intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. Effectiveness of the treatments on ERM, TS and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. SP was observed by making 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees.
Efficacy of Selected Commercial and Experimental Insecticides Against Late Season Populations of Beet Armyworm, Soybean Looper, and Tobacco Budworm, 1994
Authors: Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , White C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three tests, each consisting of 4-5 insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCBD at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station, Winnsboro, LA. Cotton was planted 1 Jul into plots 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 30 ft. Treatments for Tests 1, 2 and 3 were applied on 2, 13 and 14 Sep, respectively, with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 11.5 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Treatment efficacy was determined by taking a 10 sweep (standard 15 inch diam net) sample from each plot. Sweep samples were usually taken 2, 4-5 and 6-7 DAT on rows 1, 2 or 3, respectively. The test areas received 0.20, 0.67 and 1.1 inches rainfall on 6, 15 and 16 Sep, respectively.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Boll Weevil, 1992
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Studebaker G. E. , Klein C. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 6 May at the James Ray farm in Lonoke County. Insecticides were applied on 14, 18, 23, 28 Aug and 4 Sep using a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle equipped with a CO2 sprayer. Total volume was 10 gal/acre at 50 psi using Teejet TX-8 hollowcone nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Plots consisted of 10 rows (38 inch centers) × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Boll weevil ratings were made 4 DAT by examining 25 squares/plot for boll weevil damage. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested on 6 Nov using a John Deere 2-row picker.
Efficacy of Various Bacillus Thuringiensis and Ovicide Combinations Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1994
Authors: Klein C. D. , Johnson D. R. , Jordan A. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 5 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 6 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 30 Jun, 4 Jul, 23 Jul and 11 Aug with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 10.6 gal/acre at 30 psi using Teejet TXVS-8 nozzles on 20 inch spacing. Insect counts were made at 4 DAT by whole plant examination of 10 row ft in the center of each plot.
Cotton Aphid Control in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1994
Authors: Leonard B. R. , White C. A. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids in nonirrigated cotton planted 29 Apr. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft in all tests. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD, with 4 replications. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test area. Treatments were applied to Tests 1, 2, 3, and 4 on 27 Jun, 5 Jul, 20 Jun, and 21 Jun, respectively, with a handboom and CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-10 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 36 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling ten plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot at 2-3 DAT in all tests and 7-8 DAT in Tests 1 and 2. Treatments were evaluated in Test 1 on 30 Jun and 5 Jul, in Test 2 on 7 and 13 Jul, in Test 3 on 22 Jun, and Test 4 on 23 Jun. Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.41, 0.4 and 0.72 inches rainfall on 23 Jun and 4, 9 Jul, respectively.
The Effect of Adjuvants on Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Thrips in Cotton, 1994
Authors: Leonard B. R. , White C. A. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted in a Gigger silt loam on 18 Apr. Plots consisted of 2 rows on (40 inch centers) × 40 ft. The seed was treated with Orthene 80S (8 oz form/cwt seed) and Terraclor Super × (10 lb form/acre) was applied at planting to reduce seedling disease problems. Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet TVS 8001 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 48 psi. Plots were treated on 18 May and sampled on 20 May (2 DAT), 23 May (5 DAT) and 25 May (7 DAT). Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants in each plot and processing samples with whole plant washing procedures. No rainfall was recorded during this test.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanuts, 1994
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Bertie County, NC was selected to evaluate miticides for control of the twospotted spider mite (TSSM). The field was selected because it contained a wide-spread and uniform infestation making it an excellent site for evaluating these products. Each plot was ten ft by four rows (36 inch centers), arranged in a RCBD with three replicates. Treatments were applied on 23 Aug. A second application of Comite 73L was applied on 29 Aug. Treatments were applied by using a CO, backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi and using 8003 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at time of application were sunny and 84°F. Mites were sampled on 29 Aug, 1 and 6 Sept by collecting twenty-five leaves per plot. The samples were returned to the laboratory where they were brushed with a standard mite brushing machine and counted under a dissecting microscope. All data were transformed (square root of X + 0.05).
Selected Granular Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Peanut, 1994
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular insecticide formulations were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in cv. ‘NC 7’ Virginia-type peanut in Surry County, VA. Peanuts were planted using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied on 28 Jun (flowering) in a 14-inch band over the row with a bicycle-mounted Noble granular applicator. Treatments were lightly soil incorporated using cultivator sweeps in row middles. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Pod injury was determined 16 Sep from 100 randomly selected pods per plot, taken from 5 plants per plot (20 pods/plant). Pods were categorized as undamaged, scarred (apparently superficial damage to the outer pod wall), and penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was based on digging, combining (5 Oct), drying and weighing peanuts from the two center rows (80 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate, 1994
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft × 12 rows (7 inches between rows) and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. Plots were drill planted 26 Mar at 100 lb seed/acre. Rice emerged 11 Apr. Rice was fertilized with urea near planting (29 Mar) at 122 lb/acre, 1 d before the application of the permanent flood (29 Apr) at 122 lb/acre, and at panicle differentiation (9 Jun) at 122 lb/acre for a total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. The permanent flood was applied 30 Apr. From planting to the application of the permanent flood, rice was flush irrigated as needed. Facet and Basagran were mixed with crop oil and applied on 22 Apr at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre for each herbicide. Karate 1EC was applied at the rate and times shown in the table with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), handheld, CO, pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 32 gal/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at the rate and time shown in the table with a hand-held shaker. From 25 to 26 May (25-26 d after application of the permanent flood), 5, 4 inch diam × 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. Plots were harvested at maturity (27 Jul) with a small combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using Vx + 0.5. All data were analyzed by ANOVA.
Control of Insect Pests on Georgia Soybeans, 1994
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Crowe Bert D. , Taylor J. Delano 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 9 selected insecticides for control of velvetbean caterpillars, stink bugs and grasshoppers was evaluated at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. The insecticides were foliar-applied on 23 Aug on ‘Thomas’ soybeans planted in early Jun. Individual plots were 4 rows wide × 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 2 border rows on each side, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 17.6 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 DAT, by taking a 20-sweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) during the testing period. At 28 DAT, the percent defoliation was visually estimated for all plots. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test.
Control of the Stink Bug Complex on Georgia Soybeans, 1994
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Crowe Bert D. , Taylor J. Delano 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 5 selected insecticides for control of stink bugs and velvetbean caterpillars was evaluated at the University of Georgia Attapulgus Research Center, Attapulgus, GA. The insecticides were foliar-applied on 25 Aug on ‘Essex’ soybeans planted in late May. Individual plots were 4 rows wide × 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 2 border rows on each side arranged, in a RCBD with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 17.6 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 4, 7, 14 and 19 DAT, by taking a 20-sweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) during the testing period. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1994
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson III William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments followed by foliar applications of Orthene for TA and TFB control on fluecured tobacco and to determine the impact of treatment on tobacco yield and price. The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA. Eleven treatments and an untreated control were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 × 40 ft (1 row × 24 plants), were separated by single guard rows. Pretransplant soil treatments of most liquid formulations were applied broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 30.4 gal/acre at 40 psi through 8003LP tips on 29 Apr (Ambient temperature, 85-89°F, soil temperature, 75°F; soil pH, 5.8; OM, 2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. The Furadan and Temik treatments were applied during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inches of soil on 17 May. Furadan 4F was diluted 50:50 in water and applied in a narrow stream (&lt; 1-inch wide) in the row using a peristaltic pump. Temik was applied in a 14 inch band using a tractor mounted- Gandy granular applicator. The soil moisture was good for both the pretransplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘K-326’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 18 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre) at the base of each plant in the treatment plots. Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations were followed for production of the crop. Foliar applications of Orthene and Dipel were applied on 6 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 30 gal/acre through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a week from 5 to 11 wk after transplanting. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = no aphid damage or sooty mold and 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB and TFB feeding holes in the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants/ plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighed, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield and price were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Aphid count data were transformed to Log10(x + 1) before analysis.
Aphid Control on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco, 1994
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson III William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate various insecticides applied as foliar, transplant water (TPW) and soil treatments for tobacco aphid control on dark fire-cured tobacco. The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA. Six treatments and an untreated control were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 × 40 ft (1 row × 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. Temik 15G was applied in a 14 inch band using a tractor mounted-Gandy granular applicator during bed formation and the band was immediately covered with 6 to 8 inches of soil on 17 May. Soil moisture was good for the Temik application. A carousel transplanter was used to transplant ‘VA 309’ dark firecured tobacco into the experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 18 May. The transplanter delivered the transplant water treatments (TPW) at 204-230 gal solution/acre in a continuous stream in the row. Except for insect control, Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations were followed for production of dark fire-cured tobacco. Foliar applications of Orthene, Golden Leaf Tobacco Spray, and Dipel were made with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 30 gal/acre through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi on 29 Jun. Aphid populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a week from 5 to 9 wk after transplanting. Aphid damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 5 where 0 = no aphid injury or sooty mold and 5 = very severe injury as indicated by necrotic leaf tissue and sooty mold. Tobacco was stalk cut at maturity, cured, stripped, weighed, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield was calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Aphid count data were transformed to Logl0(x + 1) before analysis.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects in Wheat, Painter, Va, 1993
Authors: Speese III John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wheat was planted on 13 Nov 1993 at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot was 25 ft long by 5 ft wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied on 2 May using a 3-nozzle flat fan boom backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal water/acre at 40 psi, when CLB pressure was at or near the treatment threshold of 1 larva/flag leaf in most plots. Numbers of CLB larvae/50 flag leaves and numbers of EGA/50 ears were counted in each plot on the dates indicated in the table. Percent defoliation was rated on 12 May on 25 randomly chosen flag leaves/plot, and the plots were harvested on 7 Jul.
Alfalfa Weevil and Aphid Control in Alfalfa, 1994
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Test plots were established at the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, ID. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and the field was irrigated by surface flow. Eleven treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Each individual test plot was 20 ft × 25 ft. Sprays were applied as a broadcast spray using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using 30 psi and delivering 20 gpa (four, lOx hollow cone nozzles). Sampling was accomplished by taking five, 90° pendulum sweeps (15 inch diam sweep net) per plot. Counts were made of all alfalfa pest species present as well as all beneficial insects. A pre-treatment count was made on 23 May and all treatments were applied on 25 May. Counts were made at 24 h, 7 and 14 DAT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple means comparison.
Midsummer Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Merit 75Wsp and Merit 0.5G on a Golf Course Fairway in Bedford County, Pa, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a handheld shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (6 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 59°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 58°F; RH, 75%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 39.2% sand, 46.1% silt, 14.6% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 33.5%; organic matter, 10.4%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.2; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment, each replicate was irrigated with 0.2 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 34 DAT (9 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.
Apple, Summer Control of European Red Mite and Spotted Tentiform Leafminer, 1994
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Pesticides were applied to 6-year-old trees in Fennville, MI (Brown Block) at a rate of 50 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of 30-tree blocks (approximately 1/4 acre each), replicated four times. Applications of all materials were made on 6 Jul. Penncozeb, Dithane, Nova, and Lorsban and Ambush (on 8 Jun) were applied separately to all treatments. STLM evaluations were made on 13 Jul and 30 Aug by picking 50 randomly selected leaves from the two center trees of the block for a total of 200 leaves per treatment. Damage from STLM sap-feeding stages were recorded for comparison. ARM evaluations were made on 30 Aug by picking 50 randomly selected leaves from the two center trees (200 leaves per treatment). ERM and predatory mite (ZM and AF) evaluations were made on 30 Jun, 20, 27 Jul, 3 and 16 Aug by picking 50 randomly selected leaves from the two center trees (200 leaves per treatment). All mite counts were made by brushing leaves in a mite-brushing machine and counting ERM eggs, motile forms of ERM and ARM, and adult predatory mites (ZM and AF) under a microscope. Mite data are reported as mean mites per leaf.