bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Response of IRE1α/Xbp-1 Signaling Pathway to Bortezomib Contributes to Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Xu Xiaoxuan , Liu Junru , Huang Beihui , Chen Meilan , Yuan Shiwen , Li Xiaozhe , Li Juan 
Published: September 2016

Purpose Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib eliminates multiple myeloma (MM) cells by partly disrupting unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the development of drug resistance limits its utility and resistance mechanism remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the role of IRE1α/Xbp-1 mediated branch of the UPR in bortezomib resistance. Methods The expression level of Xbp-1s was measured in 4 MM cell lines and correlated with sensitivity to bortezomib. LP1 and MY5 cells with different Xbp-1s level were treated with bortezomib; then pivotal UPR regulators were compared by immunoblotting. RPMI 8226 cells were transfected with plasmid pEX4-Xbp-1s and exposed to bortezomib; then apoptosis was determined by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells JJN3.BR were developed and the effect on UPR signaling pathway was determined. Results By analyzing 4 MM cell lines, we found little correlation between Xbp-1s basic level and bortezomib sensitivity. Bortezomib induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-initiated apoptosis via inhibiting IRE1α/Xbp-1 pathway regardless of Xbp-1s basic level. Exogenous Xbp-1s reduced cellular sensitivity to bortezomib, suggesting the change of Xbp-1s expression, not its basic level, is a potential marker of response to bortezomib in MM cells. Furthermore, sustained activation of IRE1α/Xbp-1 signaling pathway in JJN3.BR cells was identified. Conclusions Our data indicate that reduced response of IRE1α/Xbp-1 signaling pathway to bortezomib may contribute to drug resistance in myeloma cells.
Safety and Efficacy of Dose-dense Chemotherapy with TCF Regimen in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liguigli Wanda , Tomasello Gianluca , Toppo Laura , Poli Rossana , Lazzarelli Silvia , Negri Federica , Perrucci Bruno , Curti Alessandra , Brighenti Matteo , Donati Gianvito , Nazzari Morena , Martinotti Mario , Vismarra Marco , Rovatti Massimo , Passalacqua Rodolfo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose-dense TCF in elderly (≥65 years) compared to younger patients. Methods Safety and efficacy data relative to 119 consecutive patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer treated at our institution and enrolled in different phase II trials were retrospectively collected. All patients were treatment-naive and received docetaxel 70 mg/m2 day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 day 1, l-folinic acid 100 mg/m2 days 1-2, followed by 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 bolus days 1-2, and then 600 mg/m2 as a 22-hour continuous infusion days 1-2, every 14 days, plus pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 3. Sixty patients (50%) aged ≥65 years received the same schedule with a dose reduction by 30%. Results A total of 86% of patients were evaluable for response and all for toxicity. In patients aged ≥65 years, we observed an overall response rate of 51%. Median overall survival was 11.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.3-15.1) and 11.8 months (95% CI 9.2-16.2) in elderly and younger patients, respectively. In the elderly patients, the most frequent grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia (13%), leukopenia (7%), thrombocytopenia (18%), anemia (3%), and febrile neutropenia (8%); in the younger patients, neutropenia (56%), leucopenia (31%), thrombocytopenia (22%), anemia (15%), and febrile neutropenia (15%). Conclusions Elderly patients can be safely treated with a dose-dense TCF regimen with a 30% dose reduction achieving similar efficacy results as younger patients with lesser toxicity.
An Institutional Analysis of Spectrum Management in India
Authors: Prasad Rohit , Sridhar Varadharajan , Bunel Alison 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The potential increase in demand for wireless data and Internet services is likely to put stress on wireless networks, both in developed and emerging countries. Spectrum, an essential national resource for commercial mobile services, needs to be allocated, assigned, and managed appropriately within the extant institutional framework in respective countries. Spectrum has varied uses apart from commercial mobile services, especially in defense and national security. Williamson's four-layer model of institutions consisting of (a) values and norms, (b) institutional rules, (c) governance structure, and (d) the transactions is used to understand and analyze the aspects of spectrum management specific to India.
Positieve veiligheid. Een inleiding
Authors: Schuilenburg Marc , van Steden Ronald 
Published: September 2016

Positive security: an introduction
Criminology has come under the spell of thinking negatively about safety and security. It’s focus merely lies on themes such as control, punishment and exclusion. Much interest therefore goes to public policing, private security, CCTV camera’s, anti-social behaviour orders, gated communities and prisons. Of course, this definition of security and security governance as the protection of citizens against crime and disorder must not be rejected out of hand. Without a minimum level of security, society would fall apart in chaos and despair. At the same time, however, we feel increasingly uncomfortable about the dominance of current negative – control and risk-oriented – approaches to (in)security as they overlook positive interpretations associated with trust, community and care. This introduction therefore provides an overview of academic literature that nuance, counter or resist hegemonic and negative meanings of security. In so doing, our aim is to introduce a positive turn in criminology’s interests and concerns regarding crime and disorder problems.
Street Pastors
Authors: van Steden Ronald 
Published: September 2016

Street Pastors: securitas and certitudo in British nightlife
This paper presents the results of a study on Street Pastors in Cardiff, capital city of Wales. Street Pastors are Christian volunteers who look after (intoxicated) people in the nightlife district. In so doing, they provide security through empathy and care. The motives of Street Pastors to engage with partygoers are multi-layered, but their personal faith appears as a key explanation. A certain kind of orthodox ‘certitude’ of being safe (and saved) in a Higher Power gives the pastors their strength to go out on the street, face the unknown and feel compassion for their fellow citizens.
La renovación cultural de Kengo Kuma: metodología de representación de la arquitectura japonesa
Authors: Xue Jin 
Published: September 2016

La arquitectura moderna, con sus innegables ventajas y con su eficiencia, se ha extendido y desarrollado por todo el mundo, generando respuestas constructivas idénticas en países distantes culturalmente y amenazando con la pérdida de los rasgos culturales específicos de muchas regiones. En los últimos años, aparecen arquitectos cuyas propuestas pretenden dar solución a esta pérdida de identidad cultural. Kengo Kuma es uno de ellos. Él retoma los conceptos clave da la arquitectura tradicional dotándolos de realidad física mediante el empleo de la manera tradicional y de la tecnología moderna. Sus proyectos son aventureros e innovadores. Este artículo suma siete maneras útiles para incorporar la preexistencia arquitectónica, intentando inspirar y ofrecer ideas para los proyectos contemporáneos.
Modern architecture, with its undeniable advantage and efficiency, has been widely developed all over the world. However, it creates identical construction in countries and threats in losing the cultural identity of many regions. Nowadays, many architects make positive attempts to solve this cultural crisis. Kengo Kuma is one of them, he is trying to restore the traditional architecture with both conventional methods and modern technologies. This article, through analyzing his current works, generalizes seven practial methods to represent the architectural preexistence with the aim to give an inspirable idea for the future projects.
L'arquitectura moderna, amb les seves innegables aventatges i amb la seva deficiència, s'ha extès i desenvolupat per tot el món, generant respostes constructives idèntiques en països distants culturalment i amenaçant amb la pèrdua dels trets culturals específics de moltes regions. En els últims anys, apareixen arquitectes que presenten propostes que pretenen donar solució a aquesta pèrdua d'identitat cultural. Kengo Kuma n'és un d'ells. Ell torna als conceptes claus de l'arquitectura tradicional dotant-los de realitat física mitjançant la utilització de la manera tradicional i de la tecnologia moderna. Els seus projectes són aventurers i innovadors. Aquest article afegeix set maneres útils per incorporar la preexistència arquitectònica, intentant inspirar i oferir idees pels projectes contemporanis.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de la terra alta i del Matarranya: des d´Horta de Sant Joan i Arnes a Vall-de-Roures i a Beseit; i des de Beseit al Parrissal i a Formenta
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume 
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 16 de novembre de 2013 [1]. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica. Així, en els primers trams del recorregut, entre Horta de Sant Joan, Arnes i Vall-de-roures el recorregut transitarà per la primera unitat esmentada, entre afloraments de materials cenozoics. Més endavant, cap els voltants de Beseit ho farà per la segona unitat, a la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, prop ja del Sistema Ibèric. Per d´altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari, es repartirà entre dues comarques, de la Regió de Tortosa. Així, el primer tram del recorregut, pels voltants d´horta de Sant Joan i Arnes, es transitarà per la comarca de la Terra Alta. La resta del recorregut, entre Vall-de-roures i Beseit s´efectuarà per la comarca del Matarranya.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Matarranya: des de Beseit a Vall – de - Roures
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume 
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 16 de novembre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica. Així, cap els voltants de Beseit ho farà per la tercera unitat, a la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, prop ja del Sistema Ibèric. Cal dir que circularem més lluny de la zona corresponent a la segona unitat (la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana del Sistema Mediterrani). Per d´altra banda, en diferents trams del recorregut, circularem per la primera titat (la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre). També cal dir d´altra banda, que el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà per una sola comarca, la del Matarranya, situant-se sempre dintre de la Regió de Tortosa.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Matarranya i la Terra Alta: des de Vall-de-Roures a Fondespatla
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume 
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 17 de novembre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica. Així, cap els voltants de Beseit ho farà per la tercera unitat, a la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, prop ja del Sistema Ibèric. Cal dir que circularem més lluny de la zona corresponent a la segona unitat (la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana del Sistema Mediterrani). Per d´altra banda, en diferents trams del recorregut, circularem per la primera titat (la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre). També cal dir d´altra banda, que el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà per una sola comarca, la del Matarranya, situant-se sempre dintre de la Regió de Tortosa.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica pels departaments de l’ Aude i del Tarn: des de Las Tors / Lastours a Limosins / Limousis, Cabrespina / Cabrespine i a la Pica de Nòra / Pic de Nore
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 8 de juliol del 2014. El recorregut del present itinerari, es desenvoluparà quasi totalment a cavall d´una de les unitats geològiques situades a la França del Sud, concretament a Montagne Noire, la qual estableix aquí la frontera entre el Departament de l´Aude i el Departament del Tarn. Així, al llarg de tot el recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments dels materials paleozoics que constitueixen la Montagne Noire. Aquests afloraments dels materials paleozoics (del Precambrià i del Cambro – Ordovicià al Carbonífer), de molt diversa naturalesa Tot i així, una petita part del recorregut, es durà a terme per la Depressió de Carcassona (extrem oriental de la Depressió d´Aquitania). Així, pels voltants del poble de Vilanava de Menerbés / Villeneuve – Minervois, trobarem afloraments dels materials terrígens de l´Eocè. Per d´altra banda, aquest recorregut es desenvoluparà íntegrament pels Departaments de l´Aude, des de Las Tors / Lastours quasi fins a la fi del recorregut; i també pel Departament del Tarn en els darrers trams del mateix, a la Pica de Nora / Pic de Nore, el cim culminant de la Montagne Noire.
Recorregut de recerca de geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de l´Alta Ribagorça i del Pallars Jussà: des de les Bordes a Pont de Suert, a les Mines de Malpàs, Adons, Corroncui i a Erinyà
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: September 2016

Itinerari realitzat el 31 de juliol de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, la totalitat del present recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà pel Sistema Pirinenc (i més concretament per la denominada Unitat de les Nogueres així com pel Mantell de Bóixols, en els darrers trams del recorregut de l´itinerari. Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà a Les Bordes, prop del Pont de Suert, per anar després a les conegudes Mines de Malpàs, situades dintre de la Unitat de les Nogueres. Després, el recorregut es dirigirà cap el Sud, fins trobar la carretera N – 260, per la qual s´anirà cap al Viu de Llevata. Aquest tram ja s´efectuarà dintre del Mantell de Bóixols, el qual ja no s´abandonarà fins a la fi del recorregut de l´itinerari. Per altra banda, el recorregut s´efectuarà dintre de les comarques de l´Alta Ribagorça (per on s´iniciarà) i del Pallars Jussà (per on finalitzarà). Així, començarà a Les Bordes, prop del Pont de Suert, finalitzant prop del poble d´Erinyà, dintre de la comarca del Pallars Jussà.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques del Pallars Jussà i de la Noguera: des de Talarn a Tremp, Suterranya, Sant Salvador de Toló i a Vilanova de Meià
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: September 2016

Itinerari realitzat el 9 d’agost de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva quasi totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc, i més concretament ho farà per la seva Unitat Sudpirinenca Central (també anomenada com a les Serres Exteriors Prepirinenques). En concret, el recorregut del present itinerari passarà per dos dels seus sectors més representatius; concretament pel Mantell del Montsec (més situat al Sud) i també per alguns indrets del Mantell de la Serra de Sant Mamet, situat al Sud de l´anterior, cap a la fi del recorregut, que veurem de molt a prop. Així, l’itinerari s’iniciarà dintre del Mantell del Montsec, però les immediacions de la població de Talarn. Després, la major part del recorregut discorrerà per aquest mantell, fins arribar a les immediacions de Vilanova de Meià. Per altra banda, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per dues úniques comarques: s´iniciarà a la del Pallars Jussà (de la Regió de Tremp), per a finalitzar a la Noguera (de la Regió de Lleida). Concretament, ho farà entre les poblacions de la Talarn i Meià.
The Reliability of Venous Duplex Ultrasound and Clinical Findings for the Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Adams Katie , Sheth Shyam A. , Meyr Andrew J. 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The gold standard for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is reported to be venous duplex ultrasound (VDU) because it is noninvasive, sensitive, relatively inexpensive, and can be performed at a patients bedside. The objective of this investigation was to measure agreement in the interpretation of VDU between multiple medical specialties.
METHODS: Agreement among different physicians who typically interpret VDU images were examined. The physicians were from multiple specialties and included 3 vascular surgeons (VS), 3 emergency medicine physicians (EM), and 1 radiologist. Four complete VDU imaging tests originally obtained for suspected DVT and used for the diagnosis were organized onto a computer program and independently reviewed by the seven physicians. The physicians were asked to review and interpret the VDU imaging test and note whether the test was positive or negative for thrombosis.
RESULTS: For the first case, 2 physicians diagnosed a positive examination while 5 physicians diagnosed a negative examination. For the second case, 4 physicians diagnosed a positive examination while 3 physicians diagnosed a negative examination. For the third case, 4 physicians diagnosed a positive examination while 3 physicians diagnosed a negative examination. For the fourth case, 6 physicians diagnosed a positive examination, while 1 physician diagnosed a negative examination. These findings resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.292 indicating a fair degree of agreement.
CONCLUSIONS: We think these findings indicate that VDU may lack the diagnostic accuracy to be considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of lower extremity DVT. We also think this finding highlights the importance of appreciating that VDU is a dynamic evaluation reliant on the clinical knowledge and technical skills of whoever is performing the test. Reviewing static imaging alone may not provide enough information to make the diagnosis consistently.
A Retrospective Study of Onychomycosis, Clinical Diagnosis Versus Laboratory Diagnosis
Authors: El-Sayed Arwa M , Karpo Marc , Jasani Aisha , Love Ebony , Robinson Lesly 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Onychomycosis is defined as a fungal infection of the nail usually caused by a dermatophyte. This retrospective study will compare the diagnosis of onychomycosis based on clinical exam findings in comparison to laboratory results.
METHODS: Clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis of the nail is made through visual inspection of the nail. The characteristics that define a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis include but is not limited to: thickness of nail, discoloration (yellow, black, and/or brown), crumbly texture, subungual debris, subungual fluid, splitting of the nail, and/or nail dystrophy. Patients were treated with either a topical or oral drug and this was based solely on the clinical characteristics of the nail with no further lab testing. The most recent 50 charts from the past three years (1/1/2013 to 1/31/2016) were utilized to conduct this retrospective study. The charts were analyzed based on the following criteria: patients that were clinically diagnosed with onychomycosis and also had a positive laboratory results that included a PAS, PCR, or KOH staining.
RESULTS: We found that there was a higher incidence of clinically positive diagnosis vs. laboratory culture positive results.
CONCLUSIONS: As expected fungal nail cultures are sometimes less sensitive than our clinical evaluation. This may be due to false negatives or failure to obtain an adequate sample for culture analysis. This may effect treatment standard of care and accuracy of treatment.
Impact of Arch Height Flexibility on Dynamic Plantar Pressure in Healthy Young Subjects with Planus Feet
Authors: Song Jinsup , Choe Kersti , Neary Michael , Zifchock Rebecca A. , Cameron Kenneth , Trepal Michael , Hannon Marian , Hilstrom Howard J. 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Healthy feet are important for overall health and well-being. Previous studies of older subjects showed that those with a lowered arch had an increased odds of having foot deformities, pain, and hyperpronation in gait. (1–3) No investigation to date has comprehensively characterized foot biomechanics in a large sample of healthy active young subjects.
METHODS: Foot structure, function, and arch height flexibility (AHF) were measured in 1,052 incoming cadets to the United States Military Academy. Based on the previously established standing arch height index (AHI), 70% of subjects exhibited planus foot structures. (4,5) To examine the effects of AHF on dynamic barefoot plantar pressure, 1,414 planus feet were further categorized by AHF. Those that fell within the highest and the lowest quintiles were defined as flexible and stiff AHF, respectively, while the middle 3 quintiles were categorized as referent.
RESULTS: Descriptive statistics and normality testing were performed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A Generalized Linear Model with an identify link function was used to examine the effects of AHF category while accounting for potential dependence in bilateral data. The Wald Chi-square was calculated for each dependent variable with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Post hoc pairwise comparisons for all pairs were performed using the Generalized Chi Square test at P &lt; 0.017.
CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference was found in Center of Pressure Excursion Index (CPEI) and Peak Pressure (PP). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between flexible versus stiff AHF: those with flexible AHF exhibited reduced CPEI (greater hyperpronation) while those with stiff AHF showed elevated PP. Results suggest that, in addition to AHI, the arch flexibility may affect dynamic foot function. This was a part of larger study. Additional studies are needed to examine the effects of AHI and AHF on regional plantar loading and overuse injuries.
Improvement on electrical properties of screen-printed silicon solar cells by light-induced electroplating of silver
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Wenjing 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The total power losses are analyzed based on two-layer electrode of light-induced electroplating after screen printing. By the introduction of scale factor in the calculation, optical losses are closer to the actual condition. Optimized two-layer contact of front side could diminish power losses distinctly and improve the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of crystalline silicon solar cells. The relative increments of I–V parameters as a function of electroplating time are measured. The quantitative comparison of analytical results between half-ellipse shape model and half-circled shape model is performed. The numerical simulation results and experimental data show good agreement. Due to the successful verification, the simulation results could be used to optimize the two-layer electrode structure and light-induced electroplating process.