bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How was the proton transfer process in bis-3, 6-(2- benzoxazolyl)-pyrocatechol, single or double proton transfer?
Authors: Zhang Yongjia , Sun Mengtao , Li Yongqing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA theoretical analysis of proton transfer process for the symmetric systems with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, bis-3,6-(2-benzoxazolyl)-pyrocatechol(BBPC) in hexane solvent, has been researched. In this study, we utilized ωB97X-D/ 6-311 + g (d,p) and B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) two procedures calculating the foremost bond length and bond angle, respectively. Our calculations demonstrate the two intramolecular hydrogen bonds were strengthened in S1 state, thus the proton transfer reaction can be facilitated. Furthermore, the calculated IR vibrational spectra confirmed hydrogen bonds were enhanced in S1 state. We found three local minima A B and C from the potential energy surfaces (PESs) on the S1 state, and the energy of B point and C point are identical. A new ESIPT mechanism has been proposed that was not equal to the previous conclusions. The new ESIPT mechanism elucidates that single proton transfer more likely occurs in the symmetric BBPC molecule in comparison with the double proton transfer reaction. And the frontier molecular orbitals(MOs) further illustrate the trend of ESIPT reaction.
Vaspin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 through the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop
Authors: Liu Yuan , Xu Feng , Pei Hong-Xia , Zhu Xiao , Lin Xiao , Song Cheng-Yuan , Liang Qiu-Hua , Liao Er-Yuan , Yuan Ling-Qing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) is a newly discovered adipokine that widely participates in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other disorders of metabolism. However, the effect of vaspin on the regulation of osteogenesis and the mechanism responsible are still unclear. Here, we found that vaspin can attenuate the osteogenic differentiation of the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 in a dose-dependent way; also, during this process, the expression of miRNA-34c (miR-34c) was significantly increased. Down-regulation of the expression of miR-34c in MC3T3-E1 diminished the osteogenic inhibitory effect of vaspin, while the up-regulation of miR-34c increased this effect through its target gene Runx2. Meanwhile, we found that vaspin could also activate the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Blocking the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway with specific inhibitors could decrease the osteogenic inhibitory effect of vaspin as well as the expression level of miR-34c. Furthermore, knock-down of miR-34c could promote the activation of Akt, which was probably realised by targeting c-met expression. Thus, PI3K-Akt and miR-34c constituted a modulation loop and controlled the expression of each other. Taken together, our study showed that vaspin could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop might be the underlying mechanism.
Depth profiles of the interfacial strains of Si0.7Ge0.3/Si using three-beam Bragg-surface diffraction
Authors: Zheng Yan-Zong , Soo Yun-Liang , Chang Shih-Lin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInterfacial strains are important factors affecting the structural and physical properties of crystalline multilayers and heterojunctions, and the performance of the devices made of multilayers used, for example, in nanowires, optoelectronic components, and many other applications. Currently existing strain measurement methods, such as grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), cross-section transmission electron microscope, TEM, and coherent diffractive imaging, CDI, are limited by either the nanometer spatial resolution, penetration depth, or a destructive nature. Here we report a new non-destructive method of direct mapping the interfacial strain of [001] Si0.7Ge0.3/Si along the depth up to ~287 nm below the interface using three-beam Bragg-surface X-ray diffraction (BSD), where one wide-angle symmetric Bragg reflection and a surface reflection are simultaneously involved. Our method combining with the dynamical diffraction theory simulation can uniquely provide unit cell dimensions layer by layer, and is applicable to thicker samples.
FGFR3b Extracellular Loop Mutation Lacks Tumorigenicity In Vivo but Collaborates with p53/pRB Deficiency to Induce High-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Haiping , He Feng , Mendelsohn Cathy L. , Tang Moon-shong , Huang Chuanshu , Wu Xue-Ru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMissense mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) occur in up to 80% of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (LGP-UCB) suggesting that these mutations are tumor drivers, although direct experimental evidence is lacking. Here we show that forced expression of FGFR3b-S249C, the most prevalent FGFR3 mutation in human LGP-UCB, in cultured urothelial cells resulted in slightly reduced surface translocation than wild-type FGFR3b, but nearly twice as much proliferation. When we expressed a mouse equivalent of this mutant (FGFR3b-S243C) in urothelia of adult transgenic mice in a tissue-specific and inducible manner, we observed significant activation of AKT and MAPK pathways. This was, however, not accompanied by urothelial proliferation or tumorigenesis over 12 months, due to compensatory tumor barriers in p16-pRB and p19-p53-p21 axes. Indeed, expressing FGFR3b-S249C in cultured human urothelial cells expressing SV40T, which functionally inactivates pRB/p53, markedly accelerated proliferation and cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, expressing FGFR3b-S243C in transgenic mouse urothelium expressing SV40T converted carcinoma-in-situ to high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Together, our study provides new experimental evidence indicating that the FGFR3 mutations have very limited urothelial tumorigenicity and that these mutations must collaborate with other genetic events to drive urothelial tumorigenesis.
Artificial cloud test confirms volcanic ash detection using infrared spectral imaging
Authors: Prata A. J. , Dezitter F. , Davies I. , Weber K. , Birnfeld M. , Moriano D. , Bernardo C. , Vogel A. , Prata G. S. , Mather T. A. , Thomas H. E. , Cammas J. , Weber M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAirborne volcanic ash particles are a known hazard to aviation. Currently, there are no means available to detect ash in flight as the particles are too fine (radii < 30 μm) for on-board radar detection and, even in good visibility, ash clouds are difficult or impossible to detect by eye. The economic cost and societal impact of the April/May 2010 Icelandic eruption of Eyjafjallajökull generated renewed interest in finding ways to identify airborne volcanic ash in order to keep airspace open and avoid aircraft groundings. We have designed and built a bi-spectral, fast-sampling, uncooled infrared camera device (AVOID) to examine its ability to detect volcanic ash from commercial jet aircraft at distances of more than 50 km ahead. Here we report results of an experiment conducted over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of France, confirming the ability of the device to detect and quantify volcanic ash in an artificial ash cloud created by dispersal of volcanic ash from a second aircraft. A third aircraft was used to measure the ash in situ using optical particle counters. The cloud was composed of very fine ash (mean radii ~10 μm) collected from Iceland immediately after the Eyjafjallajökull eruption and had a vertical thickness of ~200 m, a width of ~2 km and length of between 2 and 12 km. Concentrations of ~200 μg m−3 were identified by AVOID at distances from ~20 km to ~70 km. For the first time, airborne remote detection of volcanic ash has been successfully demonstrated from a long-range flight test aircraft.
Orientation-and polarization-dependent optical properties of the single Ag nanowire/glass substrate system excited by the evanescent wave
Authors: Yang Mu , Cai Wei , Wang Yingjie , Sun Mengtao , Shang Guangyi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs an important plasmon one-dimensional material, orientation- and polarization-dependent properties of single Ag nanowires/glass substrate system are investigated by a powerful platform consisting of evanescent wave excitation, near-/far-field detection and a micromanipulator. In the case of the nanowire perpendicular or parallel to the incident plane and p- ors-polarized evanescent excitation respectively, optical properties of the nanowire is measured both in far-field and near-field. For the perpendicular situation, scattering light from the nanowire shows strong dependence on the polarization of incident light and period patterns along the nanowire are observed both in the near- and far-field. The chain of dipole model is used to explain the origin of this pattern. The discrepancy of the period patterns observed in the near- and far-field is due to the different resolution of the near- and far-field detection. For the parallel case, light intensity from the output end also depends on the incident polarization. Both experimental and calculation results show that the polarization dependence effect results from the surface plasmon excitation. These results on the orientation- and polarization-dependent properties of the Ag nanowires detected by the combination of near- and far-field methods would be helpful to understand interactions of one-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures with light.
Solvent and Intermediate Phase as Boosters for the Perovskite Transformation and Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Hwang Taehyun , Lee Sangheon , Lee Byungho , Kim Jaewon , Jang Gil Su , Nam Seunghoon , Park Byungwoo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh power conversion efficiency and device stabilization are two major challenges for CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells to be commercialized. Herein, we demonstrate a diffusion-engineered perovskite synthesis method using MAI/ethanol dipping, and compared it to the conventional synthesis method from MAI/iso-propanol. Diffusion of MAI/C2H5OH into the PbCl2 film was observed to be more favorable than that of MAI/C3H7OH. Facile perovskite conversion from ethanol and highly-crystalline MAPbI3 with minimized impurities boosted the efficiency from 5.86% to 9.51%. Additionally, we further identified the intermediates and thereby the reaction mechanisms of PbCl2 converting into MAPbI3. Through straightforward engineering to enhance the surface morphology as well as the crystallinity of the perovskite with even faster conversion, an initial power conversion efficiency of 11.23% was obtained, in addition to superior stability after 30 days under an ambient condition.
Anomalous bond length behavior and a new solid phase of bromine under pressure
Authors: Wu Min , Tse John S. , Pan Yuanming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe behavior of diatomic molecular solids under pressure have attracted great interest and been extensively studied. Under ambient pressure, the structure of bromine is known to be a molecular phase (phase I). With increasing pressure, it transforms into an incommensurate phase (phase V) before eventually to a monoatomic phase (phase II). However, between phases I and V, the interatomic distance was found to first increase with pressure and then decreased abruptly. This anomalous bond length behavior is accompanied by the splitting of the Raman bands. These phenomena have not been resolved. Here we suggest a new solid phase that explains the Raman spectra. Furthermore, the anomalous bond length behavior is found to be the result of subtle second neighbor intermolecular interactions and is an intrinsic property of bromine in molecular phases.
N-hypermannose glycosylation disruption enhances recombinant protein production by regulating secretory pathway and cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tang Hongting , Wang Shenghuan , Wang Jiajing , Song Meihui , Xu Mengyang , Zhang Mengying , Shen Yu , Hou Jin , Bao Xiaoming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a robust host for heterologous protein expression. The efficient expression of cellulases in S. cerevisiae is important for the consolidated bioprocess that directly converts lignocellulose into valuable products. However, heterologous proteins are often N-hyperglycosylated in S. cerevisiae, which may affect protein activity. In this study, the expression of three heterologous proteins, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase, was found to be N-hyperglycosylated in S. cerevisiae. To block the formation of hypermannose glycan, these proteins were expressed in strains with deletions in key Golgi mannosyltransferases (Och1p, Mnn9p and Mnn1p), respectively. Their extracellular activities improved markedly in the OCH1 and MNN9 deletion strains. Interestingly, truncation of the N-hypermannose glycan did not increase the specific activity of these proteins, but improved the secretion yield. Further analysis showed OCH1 and MNN9 deletion up-regulated genes in the secretory pathway, such as protein folding and vesicular trafficking, but did not induce the unfolded protein response. The cell wall integrity was also affected by OCH1 and MNN9 deletion, which contributed to the release of secretory protein extracellularly. This study demonstrated that mannosyltransferases disruption improved protein secretion through up-regulating secretory pathway and affecting cell wall integrity and provided new insights into glycosylation engineering for protein secretion.
A spin dynamics approach to solitonics
Authors: Koumpouras Konstantinos , Bergman Anders , Eriksson Olle , Yudin Dmitry 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn magnetic materials a variety of non-collinear ground state configurations may emerge as a result of competition among exchange, anisotropy and dipole-dipole interaction, yielding magnetic states far more complex than those of homogenous ferromagnets. Of particular interest in this study are particle-like configurations. These particle-like states, e.g., magnetic solitons, skyrmions, or domain walls, form a spatially localised clot of magnetic energy. In this paper we address topologically protected magnetic solitons and explore concepts that potentially might be relevant for logical operations and/or information storage in the rapidly advancing filed of solitonics (and skyrmionics). An ability to easily create, address and manipulate such structures is among the prerequisite forming a basis of “-onics technology” and is investigated in detail here using numerical and analytical tools.
Significant discharge of CO2 from hydrothermalism associated with the submarine volcano of El Hierro Island
Authors: Santana-Casiano J. M. , Fraile-Nuez E. , González-Dávila M. , Baker E. T. , Resing J. A. , Walker S. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe residual hydrothermalism associated with submarine volcanoes, following an eruption event, plays an important role in the supply of CO2 to the ocean. The emitted CO2 increases the acidity of seawater. The submarine volcano of El Hierro, in its degasification stage, provided an excellent opportunity to study the effect of volcanic CO2 on the seawater carbonate system, the global carbon flux and local ocean acidification. A detailed survey of the volcanic edifice was carried out using seven CTD-pH-ORP tow-yo studies, localizing the redox and acidic changes, which were used to obtain surface maps of anomalies. In order to investigate the temporal variability of the system, two CTD-pH-ORP yo-yo studies were conducted that included discrete sampling for carbonate system parameters. Meridional tow-yos were used to calculate the amount of volcanic CO2 added to the water column for each surveyed section. The inputs of CO2 along multiple sections combined with measurements of oceanic currents produced an estimated volcanic CO2 flux = 6.0 105 ± 1.1 105 kg d−1 which is ~0.1% of global volcanic CO2 flux. Finally, the CO2 emitted by El Hierro increases the acidity above the volcano by ~20%.
Notch2 as a promising prognostic biomarker for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Qingbao , Liu Fang , Chen Xuan , Liu Bowen , Nesa Effat Un , Guan Shanghui , Han Lihui , Tan Bingxu , Wang Nana , Wang Xintong , Song Qingxu , Jia Yibin , Wang Jianbo , Lu Ming , Cheng Yufeng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe aimed to examine Notch2 expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and to evaluate its prognostic potential. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were utilized to investigate the Notch2 expression status and prognostic value. Furtherly, CCK8 and clonogenic assays were conducted to determine if Notch2 inhibition by shRNA could lead to a decrease in the proliferation and survival of ESCC cells. A notably higher Notch2 expression level was found in ESCC tissues at the mRNA (P < 0.0001) and protein levels (IHC: P = 0.004; western blot: P = 0.021). Log-rank analysis demonstrated that Notch2 overexpression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (29.1% vs. 49.1%; P = 0.013) and progression-free survival (PFS) (15.3% vs. 34.4%; P = 0.006) rates in ESCC patients. The multivariate analysis revealed Notch2 as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS (P = 0.002 and 0.006, resp.). Besides, in vitro assays showed that OD450 values and colony formations were significantly reduced in Notch2-shRNA group (all P < 0.0001). In conclusion, these results show that Notch2 is up-regulated in ESCC tissues and could serve as a promising biomarker for identifying individuals with poor prognostic potential.
1.4.2 Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Martinková L. , Veselá A. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of carboxylic acids from nitriles utilizes two pathways of nitrile biotransformations: direct hydrolysis by nitrilase and bienzymatic hydrolysis by nitrile hydratase and amidase. General procedures consist of using whole cells or isolated enzymes as catalysts in aqueous media with a small fraction of organic cosolvent. These methods afford a number of products that are often difficult to prepare by chemical means such as 3-oxoamides, cyano carboxamides and cyano carboxylic acids, enantiopure 2- and 3-substituted carboxylic acids and carboxamides, and enantiopure (hetero)cyclic carboxylic acids and carboxamides. Stereochemistry is mainly recognized by amidase, but in some cases also by nitrilase and nitrile hydratase. Nitrile hydrolysis has also been employed in chemoenzymatic and multienzymatic methods such as the synthesis of aromatic and heterocyclic amides from aldehydes, the synthesis of enantiopure 2-hydroxy acids from aldehydes, the synthesis of enantiopure 3-hydroxy acids from 3-oxonitriles, and the synthesis of cyclophellitols from benzo-1,4-quinone.
1.4.4 Enzymatic Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Schmidberger J. W. , Hepworth L. J. , Green A. P. , Flitsch S. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of amides is one of the most common reactions performed in organic chemistry. Biocatalysis is an attractive alternative to chemical methodologies because of the mild reaction conditions and excellent atom economy, combined with the potential for stereoselectivity. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on enzyme-catalyzed amide-bond formation on a preparative scale, with a focus on nonnatural substrates.
Survival, Age-0 Abundance, and Growth of Black Crappie and Hybrid Crappie in 0.1-ha Earthen Ponds
Authors: Baumhoer Brandon M. , Kelly Anita M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Crappie Pomoxis spp. are a popular sportfish in the United States; many private pond owners would like to stock crappie, but crappie display inconsistent reproduction, which can lead to overpopulation and result in a stunted population. Crappie with limited reproduction would be an attractive management option for minimizing overpopulation. An experiment was conducted to measure survival, abundance of age-0 offspring, and growth of Black Crappie and hybrid crappie (female Black Crappie P. nigromaculatus × male White Crappie P. annularis) in small impoundments. Sixteen unfertilized 0.1-ha ponds were stocked with Black Crappie or hybrid crappie. Half of the ponds with Black Crappie and hybrid crappie were also stocked with Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and all ponds were stocked with Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas as supplemental forage. In September 2013, ponds were harvested and drained; weight and lengths were recorded from all adult Black Crappie and hybrid crappie, and all age-0 Black Crappie and hybrid crappie were counted and recorded. Adult survival rates did not differ among groups (F = 0.72, df = 2, P = 0.5059), ranging from 25% to 58%. Predation and increased competition with other centrarchids may be a function of adult Black Crappie and hybrid crappie survival. The number of age-0 fish recovered from each pond was highly variable and ranged from 0 to 52,162 individuals, with no significant differences observed among the groups with and without predators (F = 3.73, df = 2, P = 0.0524). Hybrid crappie were significantly heavier (F = 14.36, df = 2, P = 0.0011) and longer (F = 8.45, df = 2, P = 0.0071) than Black Crappie. Growth rates for hybrid crappie were higher than any previously documented research of individual crappie species. High densities of Fathead Minnow for forage may explain the high growth rates. Hybrid crappie may be a viable alternative for stocking in small impoundments, but further investigation of the long-term success of stocked hybrid crappie is warranted.
Received July 20, 2015; accepted December 11, 2015 Published online May 9, 2016
Leveraging limited information to understand ecological relationships of endangered Florida salt marsh vole
Authors: McCleery Robert A. , Zweig Christa L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We were able to substantially increase our knowledge of what is likely the least understood endangered terrestrial mammal in the United States, the Florida salt marsh vole (FSMV; Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli). We developed a predictive landscape model that estimated 264 ha of potential habitat for FSMVs. Evaluating our model, we found voles at 8 of the 36 sites sampled, yielding a model accuracy of 22% for a subspecies that previously was known from only 3 locations. Within areas of potential habitat, FSMVs selected patches of marsh vegetation &gt; 0.49 ha with at least some (≥ 16.75% and ≤ 43.61%) smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) cover. Suggestive of a meta-population dynamic, FSMV activity decreased outside of patches of smooth cordgrass and saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) identified by the predictive landscape model. Our hierarchical approach to studying FSMVs allowed us to leverage a limited amount of data to ultimately produce important ecological information about an endangered species. This approach easily may be adapted to other mammals with similar information needs.