bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Regulation on Aneuploid Chromosomes in Diverse Candida albicans Mutants
Authors: Tucker Christopher , Bhattacharya Soumyaroop , Wakabayashi Hironao , Bellaousov Stanislav , Kravets Anatoliy , Welle Stephen L. , Myers Jason , Hayes Jeffrey J. , Bulger Michael , Rustchenko Elena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCandida albicans is a diploid fungus and a predominant opportunistic human pathogen. Notably, C. albicans employs reversible chromosomal aneuploidies as a means of survival in adverse environments. We previously characterized transcription on the monosomic chromosome 5 (Ch5) that arises with adaptation to growth on the toxic sugar sorbose in the mutant Sor125(55). We now extend this analysis to the trisomic hybrid Ch4/7 within Sor125(55) and a diverse group of three mutants harboring a single Ch5. We find a similar pattern of transcriptional changes on either type of aneuploid chromosome within these mutants wherein expression of many genes follows chromosome ploidy, consistent with a direct mechanism to regulate genes important for adaptation to growth. In contrast, a significant number of genes are expressed at the disomic level, implying distinct mechanisms compensating for gene dose on monosomic or trisomic chromosomes consistent with maintaining cell homeostasis. Finally, we find evidence for an additional mechanism that elevates expression of genes on normal disomic Ch4 and Ch7 in mutants to levels commensurate with that found on the trisomic Ch4/7b in Sor125(55). Several of these genes are similarly differentially regulated among mutants, suggesting they play key functions in either maintaining aneuploidy or adaptation to growth conditions.
Positive interactions of major-effect QTLs with genetic background that enhances rice yield under drought
Authors: Sandhu Nitika , Dixit Shalabh , Swamy B. P. Mallikarjuna , Vikram Prashant , Venkateshwarlu Challa , Catolos Margaret , Kumar Arvind 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo improve the grain yield of the lowland-adapted popular rice variety Samba Mahsuri under reproductive-stage drought (RS) and to understand the interactions between drought QTLs, two mapping populations were developed using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS). The mean grain yield of pyramided lines (PLs) withqDTY2.2 + qDTY4.1in MAS is significantly higher under RS and irrigated control than lines with single QTLs. Among MARS PLs, lines with fourqDTYs(qDTY1.1 + qDTY2.1 + qDTY3.1 + qDTY11.1) and two QTLs (qDTY1.1 + qDTY11.1) yielded higher than PLs with otherqDTYcombinations. The selected PLs showed a yield advantage of 0.3–2.0 t ha−1under RS. An allelic profile of MAS PLs having sameqDTYcombination but with different yields under drought was studied. Hierarchical clustering grouped together the selected lines with high yield under drought. Epistasis test showed the interaction ofqDTY4.1andqDTY9.1loci withqDTY7.1significantly increased yield under drought and all the lines with higher yield under drought possessed the conserved region ofqDTY7.1on chromosome 7. The positive interactions among QTLs, effectiveness of QTLs in different backgrounds, introgression ofDTYQTLs together with resistance to biotic stresses shall help enhance grain yield under RS.
Large Area Radial Junction Silicon Nanowire Solar Mini-Modules
Authors: Al-Ghzaiwat Mutaz , Foldyna Martin , Fuyuki Takashi , Chen Wanghua , Johnson Erik V. , Meot Jacques , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, we introduce the demonstration of 5 × 5 cm2 mini-modules based on radial junction silicon nanowire (RJ SiNW) devices grown by plasma-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique. The mini-modules are obtained thanks to an industrial laser scribing technique. The electrical parameters have been highlighted to address the performance of these devices and perspectives towards competitive RJ SiNW solar modules. Moreover, electroluminescence (EL) measurements were also conducted to assess the uniformity of the fabricated mini-modules. In addition, the structural characterization of solar cells and laser scribed lines has been assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
Lignin and cellulose dynamics with straw incorporation in two contrasting cropping soils
Authors: Chen Xiangbi , Hu Yajun , Feng Shuzhen , Rui Yichao , Zhang Zhenhua , He Hongbo , He Xinhua , Ge Tida , Wu Jinshui , Su Yirong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIncorporation of crop residues is essential to enhance soil organic matter in arable ecosystems. Here, we monitored the dynamics of cellulose and lignin, the most abundant constituents of plant residues, and their relationships with enzyme activities, microbial gene abundances and soil properties after 13-year long-term and one-year short-term crop straw incorporation into upland and upland-paddy soils in a field-based experiment. Lignin, rather than cellulose, accumulated in both soils following straw incorporation. Cellulose was almost completely converted into non-cellulose forms within 6 and 3 months after straw incorporation into upland and upland-paddy rotation soils, respectively. Whereas, lignin accumulated at the rate of 129 and 137 mg kg−1yr−1within 13 years’ straw incorporation in upland and upland-paddy rotation, respectively. The predominance of recalcitrant vanillyl monomers in upland-paddy rotation indicated a high stability of lignin. Structural equation models revealed that the key factor driving cellulose and lignin dynamics was available nitrogen, followed by enzymes activities (cellobiohydrolases and laccases) and functional genes abundances (cbhI andlaccase-like) as mediated by soil pH. Our findings highlighted that upland might have higher carbon sequestration rate, whereas upland-paddy rotation system was more beneficial for accumulation of recalcitrant organic fractions under crop residue incorporation.
Prevention of Invasive Aspergillus Fungal Infections with the Suspension and Delayed-Release Tablet Formulations of Posaconazole in Patients with Haematologic Malignancies
Authors: Leclerc Elisabeth , Combarel David , Uzunov Madalina , Leblond Véronique , Funck-Brentano Christian , Zahr Noël 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPosaconazole is a triazole antifungal used to prevent invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients receiving chemotherapy or haemotopoietic stem cell transplantation. Due to highly variable bioavailability of the oral suspension formulation, a delayed-release tablet was developed which showed improved bioavailability. A minimal target posaconazole plasma concentration of 0.7 mg/L is recommended for prophylaxis of IFIs. However, the relationship between plasma concentration of posaconazole and its efficacy against IFIs remains unclear. We analysed trough posaconazole concentrations and response against IFIs in 50 and 104 patients with haematologic malignancies receiving prophylactic posaconazole as the tablet or suspension formulation, respectively. Mean plasma concentration of posaconazole was 1.91 ± 1.06 mg/L and 0.82 ± 0.57 mg/L in the tablet and the oral suspension group, respectively (p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients reaching the minimal target concentration of 0.7 mg/L was 92.0% and 47.1% in the tablet and oral suspension groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Emergent aspergillosis occurred in 9 (8.7%) patients in the suspension group and in none of the patients taking the tablet formulation (p = 0.032). Our results show a relationship between plasma concentrations of posaconazole and its prophylactic efficacy in patients with haematologic malignancies. Target posaconazole concentrations are reached more efficiently with the tablet than with the suspension formulation.
Measurements of AMPs in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis and healthy skin–tape stripping technique
Authors: Clausen Maja-Lisa , Slotved H.-C. , Krogfelt Karen A. , Agner Tove 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDecreased levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in atopic dermatitis (AD) have previously been reported and have been linked to the increased susceptibility to skin infections found in AD patients. This study intents to identify AMPs: hBD-2, hBD-3, RNase7, psoriasin and LL-37 in AD patients and healthy controls, and determine concentrations in consecutive depths of the outer most skin layers. Tape stripping was used on lesional and non-lesional skin. From each skin site, 35 consecutive tape strips were collected and pooled in groups of 5. Commercially available ELISA kits were used to determine AMP concentration in stratum corneum samples. hBD-2, hBD-3, RNase7 and psoriasin were identified in stratum corneum samples. hBD-3-level was markedly higher in AD non-lesional skin compared to healthy controls, and a similar trend was observed for RNase7. Most AMPs were distributed evenly through 35 tape strips, implying a homogeneous distribution of antimicrobial defense in the outer most skin layers. The findings indicate that AD patients may not suffer from a general baseline deficiency in AMPs, and that the innate immune defense is present throughout the stratum corneum, both insights of importance for understanding the role of AMPs in AD.
Study on high robustness and fast dynamic response synchronous rectifier buck converter
Authors: Gu Yu , Zhang Donglai , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2018

Here, a novel control strategy combined by constant‐frequency V2 control and H∞ robust control is proposed and tested in a buck converter. The control strategy not only demonstrates the fast transient response of ordinary V2 control, but also shows strong robustness with different input conditions. The main drawbacks of V2 control, such as high interference susceptibility and low input perturbation stability margin, can be improved by introducing H∞ robust strategy into the controller design. During the analysis and design process, the original controlled system based on the V2 control is modelled at first, then the H∞ weighting functions are calculated according to the small‐signal analysis of V2 controlled buck converter. After that, the H∞ robust compensator parameters based on constant‐frequency V2 control are calculated. Finally, a buck converter controlled by the proposed control strategy is built and tested, with 48 V input voltage, 12 V output voltage, and 120 W output power. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the converter with the proposed control, which also proves the proposed method has great potential for high robustness and fast dynamic response applications.
Adsorption of toluene vapours on micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon
Authors: Yan Xi , Liu Fang , Mu Guiqin , Zhou Zhiguo , Xie Yan , Li Long , Yang Yangyang , Wang Xinzhe 
Published: January 2018

This work reports the synthesis of micro–meso hierarchical porous carbons prepared with sucrose as a carbon source. With properties characterised, dynamic adsorption performances of toluene on carbons were investigated at various initial concentrations. Results showed that adsorption capacities as high as 687.60 mg/g toluene/1 cm modified carbon can be achieved. Thus, large surface area, large volume of narrow microporosity and proper average pore size are the desired parameters to achieve strong toluene adsorption capacities. Moderate amounts of surface oxygen groups can also improve the adsorbents performance.
Suppression of ambipolar conduction and investigation of RF performance characteristics of gate‐drain underlap SiGe Schottky barrier field effect transistor
Authors: Kumar Prashanth , Bhowmick Brinda 
Published: January 2018

In this work, a hetero structure gate‐drain underlap (UL) Schottky barrier (SB) Field Effect Transistor (FET) is explored to achieve high device performance compared with high‐k and low‐k hetero structure SB FET (HSBFET). The effects of gate drain UL junction on the performances of UL‐HSBFETs have been studied in terms of electrical characteristics including on‐current (Ion), subthreshold swing, Ion/Ioff ratio, ambipolar conduction, and Ioff current. The low on‐state current of silicon‐based SB FETs can be enhanced by introducing the low bandgap silicon germanium material. Gate‐drain UL and silicon germanium channel with low barrier height provides less tunnelling width which enhances the carrier injection at on‐state compared with low‐k and high‐k HSBFET. Further, the proposed UL‐HSBFET suppresses the ambipolar conduction due to holes. In contrast to conventional high‐k and low‐k HSBFET that suffers from severe ambipolar conduction, the UL‐HSBFET device reduces the conduction at drain‐channel junction with increasing the UL length to 5, 10, 15, and 20 nm. This provides better radio frequency performances with improved carrier capability of the proposed device. Therefore, UL‐HSBFET device can be one of the best possible competitor for high‐frequency application. The performance comparison of all the devices is carried out using Technology Computer‐Aided Design (TCAD) simulator.
Theoretical performance of serrated external occulters for solar coronagraphy
Authors: Rougeot R. , Aime C. 
Published: January 2018

Context. This study is made in the context of the future solar coronagraph ASPIICS of the ESA formation-flying mission Proba-3.
Aims. In the context of solar coronagraphy, we provide a comparative study of the theoretical performance of serrated (or toothed) external occulters by varying the number and size of the teeth, which we compare to the sharp-edged and apodized disks. The tooth height is small (a few centimeters), to avoid hindering the observation of the solar corona near the limb. We first analyze the diffraction pattern produced by such occulters. In a second step, we compute the umbra profile by integration over the Sun.
Methods. We explored a few methods to compute the diffraction pattern. Two of them were implemented. The first is based on 2D fast Fourier transformation (FFT) routines and a multiplication by the Fresnel filter of the form exp(−iπλzu2). Simple rules were derived and discussed to set the sampling conditions. The Maggi–Rubinowicz representation is then proposed as an alternative method, and is proven to be very efficient for this study.
Results. Serrated occulters tend to create a two-level intensity pattern, the inner being the darker, which perfectly matches a previously reported geometrical prediction. The diffraction in this central region is lower by two to four orders of magnitude when compared to the sharp-edged disk. The achieved umbra level at the center ranges from 10−4 to below 10−7, depending on the geometry of the teeth.
Conclusions. Our study shows that serrated occulters can achieve a high rejection and can almost reach the performance of the apodized disk when very many teeth are used. We prove that shaped occulters must be preferred to simple disks in solar and stellar coronagraphy.
Particularités du collage aux dents qui ont subi un éclaircissement
Authors: AGUIR Najet , JEMÂA Mayada , JALOULI Emna , KHATTECH MB , BHOURI Lotfi 
Published: January 2018

L’action oxydative du peroxyde d’hydrogène
est responsable de la diminution de la force
d’adhésion immédiatement après
un éclaircissement. L’oxygène résiduel
interfère avec la polymérisation et la diffusion
de l’adhésif dans les anfractuosités dentaires.
Pour le faire échapper, il faut reporter
les procédures de collage de deux semaines
en cas d’éclaircissement interne. Après
un éclaircissement externe, l’emploi des agents
anti-oxydatifs, tel que l’ascorbate de sodium,
permet d’éviter la diminution de la force
d’adhésion, permettant ainsi le collage
immédiatement après l’éclaircissement.
L’éclaircissement à concentration élevée
peut modifier les propriétés mécaniques
et esthétiques des restaurations adhésives
préexistantes, d’où la nécessité de les remplacer
après un traitement d’éclaircissement
afin d’optimiser le résultat esthétique final.
Traitement orthopédique des classes III par stimulation de la croissance du maxillaire
Authors: BEN YOUNES-UZAN Carine 
Published: January 2018

Le manque de développement du maxillaire
génère un hyperdéveloppement mandibulaire
dans les 3 plans de l’espace.
Cette insuffisance de croissance est tout à
fait rattrapable et majorable et d’autant plus
que l’enfant est jeune avec de la croissance
à venir.
L’utilisation d’appareillages fonctionnels permet
aux dents maxillaires de recevoir les stimuli
masticatoires, et au maxillaire de se développer
dans les 3 plans de l’espace en même temps
que la mandibule se repositionne.
Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery
Authors: Le Bris Arnault , Mills Katherine E. , Wahle Richard A. , Chen Yong , Alexander Michael A. , Allyn Andrew J. , Schuetz Justin G. , Scott James D. , Pershing Andrew J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Climate change is impacting global fisheries and societies that depend on them. Identifying climate adaptation measures requires understanding how environmental changes and management policies interact in driving fishery productivity. Coincident with the recent exceptional warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the American lobster has become the most valuable fishery resource in North America. Here we show that interactions between warming waters, ecosystem changes, and differences in conservation efforts led to the simultaneous collapse of lobster fishery in southern New England and record-breaking landings in the Gulf of Maine. Our results demonstrate that sound, widely adopted fishery conservation measures based on fundamental biological principles can help capitalize on gains and mitigate losses caused by global climate change.
Heritable aspects of biological motion perception and its covariation with autistic traits
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Li , Xu Qian , Liu Dong , Chen Lihong , Troje Nikolaus F. , He Sheng , Jiang Yi 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Impaired visual processing of biological motion (BM) is inextricably linked to compromised social cognitive abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using behavioral genetic methodology, we demonstrate that genes contribute to interindividual variation in BM perception abilities and autistic traits. More importantly, the ability to process the local motion rather than the global configuration of BM is heritable, and the former is negatively correlated with autistic traits, with the covariance mainly attributable to shared genetic factors. These findings provide evidence that the ability to process BM and its close connection with social cognitive skills have a genetic basis and highlight the potential for treating the ability to process local BM information as a distinct hallmark of social cognition.
Tactile distance illusions reflect a coherent stretch of tactile space
Authors: Fiori Federico , Longo Matthew R. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceSpatial illusions, such as the classic horizontal–vertical illusion, have played a major role in theories of visual organization. Although analogous illusions in touch have been known since the 19th century, they have been much less studied, and there is no general theory of their mechanistic basis. We developed and tested a model of tactile distance illusions in terms of a geometrically simple stretch of tactile space. We demonstrate that the pattern of perceived tactile distances across orientations is consistent with the model’s predictions. Similar results were apparent on the hand dorsum, palm, and forehead, suggesting it is a general characteristic of tactile spatial perception. These results show that tactile distance illusions reflect a geometrically simple deformation of tactile space.
A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids
Authors: Raghanti Mary Ann , Edler Melissa K. , Stephenson Alexa R. , Munger Emily L. , Jacobs Bob , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C. , Holloway Ralph L. , Lovejoy C. Owen 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Two factors vital to the human clade are our unique demographic success and our social facilities including language, empathy, and altruism. These have always been difficult to reconcile with individual reproductive success. However, the striatum, a region of the basal ganglia, modulates social behavior and exhibits a unique neurochemical profile in humans. The human signature amplifies sensitivity to social cues that encourage social conformity and affiliative behavior and could have favored provisioning and monogamy in emergent hominids, consilient with the simultaneous origin of upright walking and elimination of the sectorial canine. Such exceptional neurochemistry would have favored individuals especially sensitive to social cues throughout later human evolution and may account for cerebral cortical expansion and the emergence of language.
Characterization of Trichuris muris secreted proteins and extracellular vesicles provides new insights into host–parasite communication
Authors: Eichenberger Ramon M. , Talukder Md Hasanuzzaman , Field Matthew A. , Wangchuk Phurpa , Giacomin Paul , Loukas Alex , Sotillo Javier 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWhipworms are parasitic nematodes that live in the gut of more than 500 million people worldwide. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining parasite material, the mouse whipworm Trichuris muris has been extensively used as a model to study human whipworm infections. These nematodes secrete a multitude of compounds that interact with host tissues where they orchestrate a parasitic existence. Herein we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the excretory/secretory products of T. muris. We identify 148 proteins secreted by T. muris and show for the first time that the mouse whipworm secretes exosome‐like extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can interact with host cells. We use an Optiprep® gradient to purify the EVs, highlighting the suitability of this method for purifying EVs secreted by a parasitic nematode. We also characterize the proteomic and genomic content of the EVs, identifying >350 proteins, 56 miRNAs (22 novel) and 475 full‐length mRNA transcripts mapping to T. muris gene models. Many of the miRNAs putatively mapped to mouse genes are involved in regulation of inflammation, implying a role in parasite‐driven immunomodulation. In addition, for the first time to our knowledge, colonic organoids have been used to demonstrate the internalization of parasite EVs by host cells. Understanding how parasites interact with their host is crucial to develop new control measures. This first characterization of the proteins and EVs secreted by T. muris provides important information on whipworm–host communication and forms the basis for future studies.
A Service Ready for Total War? The State of the Royal Navy in July 1914
Authors: Seligmann Matthew S 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In early 1914 Britain’s naval leadership decided to call a conference of flag officers at which the most pressing issues then facing the Royal Navy could be aired and discussed. The conference was scheduled for the end of July 1914. Owing to the European crisis that erupted at just the very moment when it was supposed to take place, the conference was never held. However, the bulk of the paperwork still exists. This documentation provides a unique snapshot of the thinking of Britain’s key naval commanders on strategic, tactical and materiel considerations at the very moment when they were about to embark upon the most serious of examinations, the test of a major war. This article uses these files to evaluate the extent to which the Royal Navy was aware of the challenges that were about to confront it and the strengths and weaknesses that would aid or hinder them in this task. It thereby assesses the service’s readiness for total war, concluding that it was far from the conservative body of popular caricature.