bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Officer and an Orientalist: Alexander Grigorevich Tumanskii and His Contribution to Russian Historiography on and Policy towards the Babi-Baha’i Religion
Authors: Shahvar Soli 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Official Russian attitude towards the Babi-Baha’i religion seems to have changed dramatically between the mid- to the end of the nineteenth century. At first, in the formative years of the Babi movement in Iran in the 1840s, Tsarist Russia saw in it what British India saw later in Bolshevism, namely something that could not only destabilize Iran, but could even spill over into their own territory. Thus, Russian diplomats in Iran requested from the Iranian authorities to keep the Bab away from the Russian borders. This early attitude changed almost dramatically by the mid-1880s and onwards, when Iranian Baha’is were not only permitted to immigrate into Russian territory, but even to create their own communities under the protection of the Russian government.
One of the main reasons for this volte-face with regards to Russian policy towards the Babi-Baha’i religion seems to have been the relatively poor knowledge of that religion in its formative, or Babi years; while gradually, especially following the declaration of Baha’u’llah and with the vast majority of Babis adopting the Baha’i Faith, fears of the negative implications of the Babi-Baha’i religion made way for a more positive attitude towards it. This trend stood in direct relation to the growing flow of information on the Babi-Baha’i religion, which came not only from Russian academic circles, but growingly from a new breed of Russian officers and officials, who also had academic training in ‘oriental studies’.
One of these ‘orientalist’ officers and officials, who were tasked to collect material on the Babi-Baha’i religion and communities, was Alexander Tumanskii, who stands out in both the volume and depth of his research and findings about the Babi-Baha’i religion. His official reports were quite important for the direction of Russian policy towards the Babi-Baha’i religion, and his academic publications (and primarily the translation of the Kitab-i-Aqdas and several Tablets into Russian) are still used by scholars today. It is the purpose of this paper to try and evaluate the contribution of Tumanskii on Russian historiography, and on policy towards the Babi-Baha’i religion.
Educación superior femenina y nuevas conformaciones identitarias: Juventud Universitaria Femenina (1919-1930)
Authors: Sanfeliu Luz 
Published: January 2018

Este artículo analiza la forma en la que a los pocos años de la incorporación de las mujeres a los estudios superiores en España, se constituyó, en 1920, la Juventud Universitaria Femenina (JUF), cuyos objetivos se centraron en construir y atribuir significados a la nueva identidad de las `universitarias´.En un contexto social en el que se abrían tímidas brechas en el modelo de feminidad doméstica, la JUF dio difusión a los discursos y actuaciones de estas mujeres profesionales preparadas intelectualmente que, a partir de 1928, acrecentaron su participación socio-política, demandando también derechos femeninos igualitarios.De esta manera, mediante estructuraciones lingüísticas y nuevas prácticas y experiencia de vida, la JUF preparó a un minoritario sector de universitarias para que se constituyeran en una élite rectora del proceso emancipador, que paulatinamente se dotó de autoridad en la vida pública. Igualmente, estableció alianza con otros grupos feministas y con grupos mixtos de estudiantes para difundir el modelo de identidad que se atribuían y para consensuar reivindicaciones respecto a una ciudadanía femenina más plena, ciudadanía que se consolidarían en parte durante la II República.
Plate Finite Element with Physical Shape Functions: Correctness of the Formulation
Authors: Gilewski W. , Sitek M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract The formulation of a plate finite element with so called ‘physical’ shape functions is revisited. The derivation of the ‘physical’ shape functions is based on Hencky-Bolle theory of moderately thick plates. The considered finite element was assessed in the past, and the tests showed that the solution convergence was achieved in a wide range of thickness to in-plane dimensions ratios. In this paper a holistic correctness assessment is presented, which covers three criteria: the ellipticity, the consistency and the inf-sup conditions. Fulfilment of these criteria assures the existence of a unique solution, and a stable and optimal convergence to the correct solution. The algorithms of the numerical tests for each test case are presented and the tests are performed for the considered formulation. In result it is concluded that the finite element formulation passes every test and therefore is a good choice for modeling plate structural elements regardless of their thickness.
Operation of 2+1 Road with High Shares of Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Kieć M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The author investigated traffic flow quality on a new 2+1 long road bypass with an exceptionally high share of heavy vehicles in order to assess rational limits of heavy vehicle shares in traffic flow, dependent on the length of the 2+1 road and the number of passing segments in each direction. This paper presents the results of traffic flow quality analyses through the use of empirical and simulation methods for a single 2+1 road segment with additional passing lanes, as well as for the study of the entire section of the bypass - 2+1 road. Variables include analysis of travel speed distribution, platoon traffic, and amount of passing maneuvers. Results show that large passing demands lead to very high speeds (over 100 km/h) on segments with additional passing lanes. The conclusions include remarks related to the use and operation of 2+1 cross-sections with high shares of heavy vehicles.
Dynamic Response of Forum Gdansk Structure due to Rail Traffic
Authors: Miśkiewicz M. , Pyrzowski Ł. , Rucka M. , Wilde K. , Chróscielewski J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the study of the impact of vibration induced by the movement of the railway rolling stock on the Forum Gdańsk structure. This object is currently under construction and is located over the railway tracks in the vicinity of the Gdańsk Głowny and Gdańsk Środmieście railway stations. The analysis covers the influence of vibrations on the structure itself and on the people within. The in situ measurements on existing parts of the structure allow us to determine environmental excitations used for validation and verification of the derived FEM model. The numerical calculations made the estimates of the vibration amplitudes propagating throughout the whole structure possible.
CCR: A combined cleaning and resampling algorithm for imbalanced data classification
Authors: Koziarski Michał , Wożniak Michał 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Imbalanced data classification is one of the most widespread challenges in contemporary pattern recognition. Varying levels of imbalance may be observed in most real datasets, affecting the performance of classification algorithms. Particularly, high levels of imbalance make serious difficulties, often requiring the use of specially designed methods. In such cases the most important issue is often to properly detect minority examples, but at the same time the performance on the majority class cannot be neglected. In this paper we describe a novel resampling technique focused on proper detection of minority examples in a two-class imbalanced data task. The proposed method combines cleaning the decision border around minority objects with guided synthetic oversampling. Results of the conducted experimental study indicate that the proposed algorithm usually outperforms the conventional oversampling approaches, especially when the detection of minority examples is considered.
Interpretable decision-tree induction in a big data parallel framework
Authors: Weinberg Abraham Itzhak , Last Mark 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When running data-mining algorithms on big data platforms, a parallel, distributed framework, such asMAPREDUCE, may be used. However, in a parallel framework, each individual model fits the data allocated to its own computing node without necessarily fitting the entire dataset. In order to induce a single consistent model, ensemble algorithms such as majority voting, aggregate the local models, rather than analyzing the entire dataset directly. Our goal is to develop an efficient algorithm for choosing one representative model from multiple, locally induced decision-tree models. The proposed SySM (syntactic similarity method) algorithm computes the similarity between the models produced by parallel nodes and chooses the model which is most similar to others as the best representative of the entire dataset. In 18.75% of 48 experiments on four big datasets, SySM accuracy is significantly higher than that of the ensemble; in about 43.75% of the experiments, SySM accuracy is significantly lower; in one case, the results are identical; and in the remaining 35.41% of cases the difference is not statistically significant. Compared with ensemble methods, the representative tree models selected by the proposed methodology are more compact and interpretable, their induction consumes less memory, and, as confirmed by the empirical results, they allow faster classification of new records.
The approximation function of bridge deck vibration derived from the measured eigenmodes
Authors: Sokol Milan , Komorníková Magdaléna , Bacigál Tomáš , Rodríguez Miguel X. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article deals with a method of how to acquire approximate displacement vibration functions. Input values are discrete, experimentally obtained mode shapes. A new improved approximation method based on the modal vibrations of the deck is derived using the least-squares method. An alternative approach to be employed in this paper is to approximate the displacement vibration function by a sum of sine functions whose periodicity is determined by spectral analysis adapted for non-uniformly sampled data and where the parameters of scale and phase are estimated as usual by the least-squares method. Moreover, this periodic component is supplemented by a cubic regression spline (fitted on its residuals) that captures individual displacements between piers. The statistical evaluation of the stiffness parameter is performed using more vertical modes obtained from experimental results. The previous method (Sokol and Flesch, 2005), which was derived for near the pier areas, has been enhanced to the whole length of the bridge. The experimental data describing the mode shapes are not appropriate for direct use. Especially the higher derivatives calculated from these data are very sensitive to data precision.
Anomaly detection techniques in cyber-physical systems
Authors: Sebestyen Gheorghe , Hangan Anca 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, when multiple aspects of our life depend on complex cyber-physical systems, automated anomaly detection, prevention and handling is a critical issue that inuence our security and quality of life. Recent catastrophic events showed that manual (human-based) handling of anomalies in complex systems is not recommended, automatic and intelligent handling being the proper approach. This paper presents, through a number of case studies, the challenges and possible solutions for implementing computer-based anomaly detection systems.
An optical solution for the set splitting problem
Authors: Oltean Mihai 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We describe here an optical device, based on time-delays, for solving the set splitting problem which is well-known NP-complete problem. The device has a graph-like structure and the light is traversing it from a start node to a destination node. All possible (potential) paths in the graph are generated and at the destination we will check which one satisfies completely the problem's constrains.
Object-oriented backtracking
Authors: Gregorics Tibor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Several versions of the backtracking are known. In this paper, those versions are in focus which solve the problems whose problem space can be described with a special directed tree. The traversal strategies of this tree will be analyzed and they will be implemented in object-oriented style. In this way, the traversal is made by an enumerator object which iterates over all the paths (partial solutions) of the tree. Two different “acktracking enumerators” are going to be presented and the backtracking algorithm will be a linear search over one of these enumerators. Since these algorithms consist of independent objects (the enumerator, the linear search and the task which must be solved), it is very easy to exchange one component in order to solve another problem. Even the linear search could be substituted with another algorithm pattern, for example, with a counting or a maximum selection if the task had to be solved with a backtracking counting or a backtracking maximum selection.
Historical Changes in the Land Use Connected with Appropriation of Agricultural Land – Case Study of Cadastral Areas Dolní Věstonice and Modřice (Czech Republic)
Authors: Szturc Jan , Karásek Petr , Podhrázská Jana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article focuses on the issue of agricultural soil sealing in the Dolní Věstonice and Modřice cadastres (South Moravian Region). Available data and map resources were used for this purpose (historical and up-to-date). Data was processed using manual digitalisation which helped to generate the needed map output. The decrease in area of agricultural land is analysed in individual periods starting in the year 1824 (source of data stable cadastre - the first half of the 19th century) until the present, and the sealing of different types of plots and soil kinds is assessed according to Evaluated Soil-Ecological Units (ESEU). In most cases, agricultural land sealing is associated with municipal expansion. To compare future development, potential (forthcoming) agricultural land sealing proposed within the valid landscape plans was also explored. Likewise, the overall price of sealed plots in both locations was calculated. The results show that there was a significant change in the use of both model territories between 1824 and the present. In Modřice, the area of the built-up area was changed from 16 ha (1824) to 409 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 90% to agricultural land. The most significant change in this area is the development of builtup areas on agricultural land. In the model territory of Dolní Věstonice, the area of the built-up area increased from 16 ha (1824) to 48 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 70% to agricultural land. Due to the construction of water reservoirs “Nové Mlýny”, the area of water bodies increased by 569 ha (during the period 1824- 2016). The water reservoirs occupy 65% of the cadastral area of Dolní Věstonice. The most significant change in landscape is the increase in water areas in Dolní Věstonice. Should this trend persist, an extensive reduction in agricultural soil and ensuing problems associated with sustainable agriculture, potentially also deficient food resources must be anticipated.
Performance Agent Groups in the Promotion of Smart Economic Growth
Authors: Krūzmētra Maiga , Rivža Baiba , Jasaitis Jonas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Any country is interested in economic growth regardless of its development level in any period; yet an increasingly important role in defining growth is played by the term ‘smart growth’. The EU development strategy until 2020 defines smart growth as a strategic objective. Smart growth does not take place automatically. It is affected both by the condition of the economic, social and natural environments and by subjective factors - the competence of performance agents. The present research distinguished three groups of rural space and regional performance agents: national institutions, local governments and communities of residents of the territories examined by the research. The research summarised the opinions of experts (Latvia n=171; Lithuania n=163) from the south-eastern part of Latvia and the north-eastern part of Lithuania with the purpose of assessing the contribution of the performance agent groups to the promotion of smart economic growth. The research aimed to identify the positive indications of the contribution made by each performance agent group as well as the largest problems affecting the promotion of smart economic growth in each country. Despite the fact that the sample groups were not representative (did not reflect the views of the entire population), the obtained survey data and the results of this analysis provided insight into the performance agents’ action ratings from the bottom-up position and allowed comparing the situations in Latvia and Lithuania. The research has become an urgent task in project No. 5.2.3 “Rural and Regional Development Processes and Opportunities in Latvia in the Context of Knowledge Economy” in National Research Programme 5.2. "Economic Transformation, Smart Growth, Governance and Legal Framework for the State and Society for Sustainable Development - a New Approach to the Creation of a Sustainable Learning Community: EKOSOC-LV”.
Institutional Education and Multilingualism: PlurCur® as a Prototype of a Multilingual Whole School Policy
Authors: Hufeisen Britta 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this article, a prototype of a whole school curriculum will be introduced which could be a framework for including more foreign languages than usual and for combining systematically foreign language instruction with content teaching, thereby enhancing the opportunities for school development. It has been tested as a political instrument for school development; examples of good practice will be given. In this article, it will be shown what this whole school language curriculum looks like, how it can be implemented and which research results were obtained.
Cognitive discourse functions in Austrian CLIL lessons: towards an empirical validation of the CDF Construct
Authors: Dalton-Puffer Christiane , Bauer-Marschallinger Silvia , Brückl-Mackey Katharina , Hofmann Victoria , Hopf Jennifer , Kröss Lisa , Lechner Lisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is now widely recognized among educators that explicit attention to language is necessary in order to optimize both language and content learning in situations, such as CLIL, where learners, teachers or both operate in a second language. However, the requirement of attention to language sits uneasily with the fact that content-subject specialist teachers frequently feel unprepared to think and operate in linguistic dimensions. In an attempt to create a conceptualisation that would speak to subject teachers in terms that are meaningful to them from within their own subjects, a Construct of Cognitive Discourse Functions (henceforth CDFs) has been proposed. This construct is theoretically founded in both educational curriculum theory and linguistic pragmatics and consists of a seven-fold categorization of verbalizations which express acts of thinking about subject matter in the classroom (CLASSIFY, DEFINE, DESCRIBE, EVALUATE, EXPLAIN, EXPLORE, REPORT). As the theoretical background of the CDF Construct has been discussed at length elsewhere (Dalton-Puffer 2013, 2016), it will be presented only briefly at the outset of this article. The main purpose of this contribution is to report on steps taken towards an empirical validation of the CDF Construct. A total of four smaller-scale studies each focusing on the classroom discourse in one subject (biology, physics, economics, history) will be surveyed in order to find answers to the questions of whether CDFs actually occur in classroom interaction and if they do, which and to what extent. Comparisons to a small complementary study on a set of EFL lessons will be made where appropriate. Results show that CDFs are indeed a staple of teaching and learning in classroom-based education but are in no way equally distributed. Also, they are almost never the object of conscious attention. As a number of further questions remain yet to be answered on the way towards empirical validation of a fully articulated CDF Construct, these will be discussed in the conclusion of the article.
On the different interpretations of sentence-initial ainsi ‘so’ and the competition between three types of Verb–Subject order
Authors: Karssenberg Lena , Lahousse Karen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article is about different types of Subject–Verb inversion (nominal, pronominal, and complex inversion) in sentences introduced byainsi‘so, in this way’. We first make a distinction between four main interpretations: manner adverbainsi, quotativeainsi, consecutiveainsi(expressing either an intentional or an unintentional consequence), and illustrativeainsi. On the basis of a corpus study, we show that nominal inversion often (but not always) combines with the manner interpretation, whereas the predominant function ofainsi+ pronominal/complex inversion is to introduce an example or a consequence of the preceding discourse context. The data also contribute to the debate about the grammaticalization path ofainsi. Firstly, the unintentional consequence interpretation is argued to be a “bridging context” between manner and unintentional consequence. Secondly, given the preponderance of the illustrative interpretation, we argue that this under-researched interpretation be taken up in future diachronic and synchronic analyses ofainsiand its cross-linguistic counterparts.
Household food insecurity and its association with morbidity report among school adolescent in Jimma zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Household food insecurity has a substantial contribution to poor health outcomes among young children and adolescents. Food insecurity also affects optimal cognitive development and physiological function of these vulnerable groups. There is a gap of documented data regarding the association of food insecurity and morbidity among school adolescents in Ethiopia.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the interrelationship of household food insecurity and morbidity report among school adolescent in Jimma zone, Ethiopia.

Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was done from October to November, 2013. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires through interview of students and their caregivers. A total of 1000 students were selected by using simple random sampling methods using their rosters as a frame. Data were also checked for missing values and outliers, and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Regression analyses were used to see the strength of association between independent and dependent variables using odds ratios and 95% of confidence intervals.

Results
Adolescents from food insecure households had more reported illness (39.3%) than adolescents from food secure households (24.7%) (p < 0.001). Adolescents from food insecure households were two times more exposed to morbidity [AOR = 2.04(1.32, 3.14)] than adolescents from food secure households. This study also showed that males had 48% less reported illness [AOR = 0.52(0.01, 0.23)] than females. Adolescents who had attended health education had less reported illness [AOR = 0.57(0.38, 0.86)] than those who did not ever attend. This study also showed that having a farmer [AOR = 0.46(0.28, 0.74)] and government employee [AOR = 0.33 (0.17, 0.64)] father were inversely associated with adolescent morbidity.

Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that household food insecurity, female gender and lack of attending health education had a significant contribution to adolescent morbidity. Therefore, there is a need to improve household income earning capacity and strengthen school based health and nutrition education to prevent adolescent morbidity. The findings of this study can also be used to lead the development of programs aimed at preventing adolescent morbidity by notifying policymakers and other stakeholders about the association of morbidity with household food insecurity.