bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Non‐Thermal Collisions in Europa's Atmosphere
Authors: Carberry Mogan Shane R. , Poppe Andrew R. , Liuzzo Lucas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we show that non‐thermal collisions can play a significant role in shaping Europa's exospheric structure. Collisions between radiolytically produced and the O produced via electron impact dissociation of affect the exospheric structure and escape rates. Specifically, O + collisions lead to the production of a non‐thermal population, and increase the escape while decreasing the O escape. These collisions are dependent on three specific physical parameters: (a) the density of , (b) the electron impact dissociation rate of , and (c) the O + collision cross section. We demonstrate here that O + collisions affect Europa's atmosphere even in the lowest limits considered. Thus, to more accurately determine the influence O + collisions have on Europa's atmosphere in preparation for the forthcoming spacecraft missions, Europa Clipper and the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE), these physical parameters need to be better constrained.
The Influence of Fault Geometrical Complexity on Surface Rupture Length
Authors: Rodriguez Padilla A. M. , Oskin M. E. , Brodsky E. E. , Dascher‐Cousineau K. , Herrera V. , White S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPropagating earthquakes must overcome geometrical complexity on fault networks to grow into large, surface rupturing events. We map step‐overs, bends, gaps, splays, and strands of length scales ∼100–500 m from the surface ruptures of 31 strike‐slip earthquakes, recording whether ruptures propagated past the feature. We find that step‐overs and bends can arrest rupture and develop a statistical model for passing probability as a function of geometry for each group. Step‐overs wider than 1.2 km, single bends larger than 32°, and double bends larger than 38° are breached by rupture half of the time. ∼20% of the ruptures terminate on straight segments. We examine how the distribution of geometrical complexity influences surface rupture length, inferring an exponential relationship between rupture length and event probability. Our findings support that geometrical complexity helps limit the size of large events and provide insights into the competition between energy supply and dissipation during rupture propagation.
Electromagnetic Landau Resonance: Nonlinear Dynamics and Harmonic Generation
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Wang Y.‐F. , Li J.‐H. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Wang S. , Li L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn situ particle observations provide useful information for determining the significance of nonlinearity in wave‐particle interactions. Here, we examine an electromagnetic Landau resonance event observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission near the dayside magnetopause along this line of thought. During this event, protons with energy 748 eV and pitch angle are observed to resonate with electromagnetic‐ion‐cyclotron waves. Detailed data analysis reveals the existence of a second harmonic signal in proton modulation. Using an observation‐based test particle simulation, this signal is explained as a low‐resolution manifestation of phase space rolled‐up structures, which themselves are not observable due to limited instrument resolution. The presence of these rolled‐up structures suggests that the waves induce significant displacement of the protons in phase space, consequently confirming the nonlinear nature of the observed interaction. Based on the observations, we further discuss the possibility of the nonlinear electromagnetic Landau resonance generating second harmonic waves.
The Role of Fluvial Morphodynamic Hierarchy in Shaping Bedform Deposits
Authors: Das Debsmita , Ganti Vamsi , Reesink Arjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFluvial cross strata are fundamental sedimentary structures that record past flow and sediment transport conditions. Bedform preservation can be significantly influenced by the presence of larger‐scale topographic features that cause spatial gradients in flow. However, our understanding of the controls on cross strata preservation in the presence of a morphodynamic hierarchy is limited. Here, using high‐resolution bathymetry from a physical experiment, we quantify bedform evolution and cross strata preservation in a zone of flow expansion and deceleration. Results show that the size and celerity of superimposed bedforms decreases along the host‐bedform lee slope, leading to a systematic downstream increase in the sediment accumulation rate relative to bedform celerity. This increase in local bedform climb angle results in the preservation of a larger fraction of formative bedforms. Our results highlight the need to revise current paleohydraulic reconstruction models, and demonstrates that fluvial morphodynamic hierarchy is a fundamental determinant of sedimentary strata.
Quantifying Bioluminescent Light Intensity in Breaking Waves Using Numerical Simulations
Authors: Hao Xuanting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBreaking‐wave induced bioluminescence is a critical component of the biogeochemical process in the ocean. Understanding bioluminescence is important for monitoring red tides caused by bioluminescent microorganisms. In this study, we present the first numerical effort to quantify bioluminescent light intensity based on high‐fidelity direct numerical simulations of breaking waves and a quantitative bioluminescent model. The dynamics of breaking waves are extensively validated through comparison with existing studies. We find that the time‐averaged and Lagrangian‐averaged shear stress saturates as surface tension effects decrease and wave steepness increases. The spatial distribution of light intensity correlates with the wave crest overturning and air bubbles generated in plunging breakers. Furthermore, we observe that the maximum light intensity asymptotically approaches the emission of single cells, suggesting the potential for cost‐effective prediction models in future studies.
Magnetic Hole and Its Resultant Electron Pitch‐Angle Distribution at Jupiter
Authors: Wang C. Q. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang Z. , Fu W. D. , Guo Z. Z. , Lan H. , Sun T. R. , Wei Y. , Ni B. B. , Yao Z. H. , Zhang B. Z. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMagnetic hole (MH), sometimes referred to as magnetic bottle, exhibits strong magnetic fields at its neck but weak magnetic fields at its belly. Such structure has been widely reported in the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere, but has not been reported at Jupiter. Here, for the first time, we report two MHs in the Jupiter's magnetosphere by utilizing measurements of the Juno mission, with one existing in the dawn side and the other existing in the dusk side. We find that the electron pitch‐angle distribution inside the MHs can be either cigar‐type or pancake‐type. The cigar‐type distribution probably appears at the belly of the MH, whereas the pancake‐type distribution probably appears at the neck. Our analyses of the depression of magnetic fields inside the MHs support such a conjunction. These results have advanced our understanding of the transient structure and its related electron dynamics in the giant planets' magnetosphere.
On the design and fabrication of nanoliter-volume hanging drop networks
Authors: Wester Matthew , Lim Jongwon , Khaertdinova Liliana , Darsi Sriya , Donthamsetti Neel , Mensing Glennys , Vasmatzis George , Anastasiadis Panos , Valera Enrique , Bashir Rashid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHanging drop cultures provide a favorable environment for the gentle, gel-free formation of highly uniform three-dimensional cell cultures often used in drug screening applications. Initial cell numbers can be limited, as with primary cells provided by minimally invasive biopsies. Therefore, it can be beneficial to divide cells into miniaturized arrays of hanging drops to supply a larger number of samples. Here, we present a framework for the miniaturization of hanging drop networks to nanoliter volumes. The principles of a single hanging drop are described and used to construct the fundamental equations for a microfluidic system composed of multiple connected drops. Constitutive equations for the hanging drop as a nonlinear capacitive element are derived for application in the electronic-hydraulic analogy, forming the basis for more complex, time-dependent numerical modeling of hanging drop networks. This is supplemented by traditional computational fluid dynamics simulation to provide further information about flow conditions within the wells. A fabrication protocol is presented and demonstrated for creating transparent, microscale arrays of pinned hanging drops. A custom interface, pressure-based fluidic system, and environmental chamber have been developed to support the device. Finally, fluid flow on the chip is demonstrated to align with expected behavior based on the principles derived for hanging drop networks. Challenges with the system and potential areas for improvement are discussed. This paper expands on the limited body of hanging drop network literature and provides a framework for designing, fabricating, and operating these systems at the microscale.
Obesity-induced extracellular vesicles proteins drive the endometrial cancer pathogenesis: therapeutic potential of HO-3867 and Metformin
Authors: Sakaue Takahiko , Dorayappan Kalpana Deepa Priya , Zingarelli Roman , Khadraoui Wafa , Anbalagan Muralidharan , Wallbillich John , Bognar Balazs , Wanner Ross , Cosgrove Casey , Suarez Adrian , Koga Hironori , Maxwell G. Larry , O’Malley David M. , Cohn David E. , Selvendiran Karuppaiyah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) is the leading gynecologic malignancy in the United States with obesity implicated in 57% of cases. This research investigates the molecular complexities of extracellular vesicles (EV) secretion as carriers of oncogenic protein and their involvement in obesity-mediated EC. An understanding of these mechanisms is pivotal for unraveling pathways relevant to obesity-associated EC, thereby guiding the development of innovative prevention and treatment strategies. Our exploration revealed a significant increase in EV secretion carrying oncogenic proteins (TMEM205, STAT5, and FAS) in adipose and uterine tissues/serum samples from obese EC patients compared to control (without cancer). We identified alterations in EV-regulating proteins (Rab7, Rab11, and Rab27a) in obesity-mediated EC patients, adipose/uterine tissues, and serum samples. Through a 24-week analysis of the effects of a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD) on mice, we observed increased body weight, increased adipose tissue, enlarged uterine horns, and increased inflammation in the HFD group. This correlated with elevated levels of EV secretion and increased expression of oncogenic proteins TMEM205, FAS, and STAT5 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene PIAS3 in adipose and uterine tissues. Furthermore, our study confirmed that adipocyte derived EV increased EC cell proliferation, migration and xenograft tumor growth. Additionally, we identified that the small molecule inhibitors (HO-3867) or Metformin inhibited EV secretion in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating significant inhibition of high glucose or adipocyte-mediated EC cell proliferation and a reduction in body weight and adipose tissue accumulation when administered to HFD mice. Moreover, HO-3867 or Metformin treatment inhibited HFD induced hyperplasia (precursor of EC) by altering the expression of EV-regulated proteins and decreasing oncogenic protein expression levels. This study provides critical insights into the mechanisms underpinning obesity-mediated EV secretion with oncogenic protein expression, shedding light on their role in EC pathogenesis. Additionally, it offers pre-clinical evidence supporting the initiation of novel studies for EV-targeted therapies aimed at preventing obesity-mediated EC.
Attosecond formation of charge-transfer-to-solvent states of aqueous ions probed using the core-hole-clock technique
Authors: Muchová E. , Gopakumar G. , Unger I. , Öhrwall G. , Céolin D. , Trinter F. , Wilkinson I. , Chatzigeorgiou E. , Slavíček P. , Hergenhahn U. , Winter B. , Caleman C. , Björneholm O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCharge transfer between molecules lies at the heart of many chemical processes. Here, we focus on the ultrafast electron dynamics associated with the formation of charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) states following X-ray absorption in aqueous solutions of Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ ions. To explore the formation of such states in the aqueous phase, liquid-jet photoemission spectroscopy is employed. Using the core-hole-clock method, based on Auger–Meitner (AM) decay upon 1s excitation or ionization of the respective ions, upper limits are estimated for the metal-atom electron delocalization times to the neighboring water molecules. These delocalization processes represent the first steps in the formation of hydrated electrons, which are determined to take place on a timescale ranging from several hundred attoseconds (as) below the 1s ionization threshold to only 20 as far above the 1s ionization threshold. The decrease in the delocalization times as a function of the photon energy is continuous. This indicates that the excited electrons remain in the vicinity of the studied ions even above the ionization threshold, i.e., metal-ion electronic resonances associated with the CTTS state manifolds are formed. The three studied isoelectronic ions exhibit quantitative differences in their electron energetics and delocalization times, which are linked to the character of the respective excited states.
Spin waves and orbital contribution to ferromagnetism in a topological metal
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Asmara Teguh Citra , Tseng Yi , Li Junbo , Xiong Yimin , Wei Yuan , Yu Tianlun , Galdino Carlos William , Zhang Zhijia , Kummer Kurt , Strocov Vladimir N. , Soh Y. , Schmitt Thorsten , Aeppli Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHoneycomb and kagome lattices can host propagating excitations with non-trivial topology as defined by their evolution along closed paths in momentum space. Excitations on such lattices can also be momentum-independent, and the associated flat bands are of interest due to strong interactions between heavy quasiparticles. Here, we report the discovery — using circularly polarized X-rays for the unambiguous isolation of magnetic signals — of a nearly flat spin-wave band and large (compared to elemental iron) orbital moment in the metallic ferromagnet Fe3Sn2 with compact AB-stacked kagome bilayers. As a function of out-of-plane momentum, the nearly flat optical mode and the global rotation symmetry-restoring acoustic mode are out of phase, consistent with a bilayer exchange coupling that is larger than the already large in-plane couplings. The defining units of this topological metal are therefore triangular lattices of octahedral iron clusters rather than weakly coupled kagome planes. The spin waves are strongly damped when compared to elemental iron, opening the topic of topological boson–fermion interactions for deeper exploration within this material platform.
Mapping multi-dimensional variability in water stress strategies across temperate forests
Authors: Liu Daijun , Esquivel-Muelbert Adriane , Acil Nezha , Astigarraga Julen , Cienciala Emil , Fridman Jonas , Kunstler Georges , Matthews Thomas J. , Ruiz-Benito Paloma , Sadler Jonathan P. , Schelhaas Mart-Jan , Suvanto Susanne , Talarczyk Andrzej , Woodall Christopher W. , Zavala Miguel A. , Zhang Chao , Pugh Thomas A. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreasing water stress is emerging as a global phenomenon, and is anticipated to have a marked impact on forest function. The role of tree functional strategies is pivotal in regulating forest fitness and their ability to cope with water stress. However, how the functional strategies found at the tree or species level scale up to characterise forest communities and their variation across regions is not yet well-established. By combining eight water-stress-related functional traits with forest inventory data from the USA and Europe, we investigated the community-level trait coordination and the biogeographic patterns of trait associations for woody plants, and analysed the relationships between the trait associations and climate factors. We find that the trait associations at the community level are consistent with those found at the species level. Traits associated with acquisitive-conservative strategies forms one dimension of variation, while leaf turgor loss point, associated with stomatal water regulation strategy, loads along a second dimension. Surprisingly, spatial patterns of community-level trait association are better explained by temperature than by aridity, suggesting a temperature-driven adaptation. These findings provide a basis to build predictions of forest response under water stress, with particular potential to improve simulations of tree mortality and forest biomass accumulation in a changing climate.
Generalizable and automated classification of TNM stage from pathology reports with external validation
Authors: Kefeli Jenna , Berkowitz Jacob , Acitores Cortina Jose M. , Tsang Kevin K. , Tatonetti Nicholas P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer staging is an essential clinical attribute informing patient prognosis and clinical trial eligibility. However, it is not routinely recorded in structured electronic health records. Here, we present BB-TEN: Big Bird – TNM staging Extracted from Notes, a generalizable method for the automated classification of TNM stage directly from pathology report text. We train a BERT-based model using publicly available pathology reports across approximately 7000 patients and 23 cancer types. We explore the use of different model types, with differing input sizes, parameters, and model architectures. Our final model goes beyond term-extraction, inferring TNM stage from context when it is not included in the report text explicitly. As external validation, we test our model on almost 8000 pathology reports from Columbia University Medical Center, finding that our trained model achieved an AU-ROC of 0.815–0.942. This suggests that our model can be applied broadly to other institutions without additional institution-specific fine-tuning.
Sensory neurons regulate stimulus-dependent humoral immunity in mouse models of bacterial infection and asthma
Authors: Aguilar Diane , Zhu Fengli , Millet Antoine , Millet Nicolas , Germano Patrizia , Pisegna Joseph , Akbari Omid , Doherty Taylor A. , Swidergall Marc , Jendzjowsky Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSensory neurons sense pathogenic infiltration to drive innate immune responses, but their role in humoral immunity is unclear. Here, using mouse models of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and Alternaria alternata asthma, we show that sensory neurons are required for B cell recruitment and antibody production. In response to S. pneumoniae, sensory neuron depletion increases bacterial burden and reduces B cell numbers, IgG release, and neutrophil stimulation. Meanwhile, during A. alternata-induced airway inflammation, sensory neuron depletion decreases B cell population sizes, IgE levels, and asthmatic characteristics. Mechanistically, during bacterial infection, sensory neurons preferentially release vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In response to asthma, sensory neurons release substance P. Administration of VIP into sensory neuron-depleted mice suppresses bacterial burden, while VIPR1 deficiency increases infection. Similarly, exogenous substance P delivery aggravates asthma in sensory neuron-depleted mice, while substance P deficiency ameliorates asthma. Our data, thus demonstrate that sensory neurons release select neuropeptides which target B cells dependent on the immunogen.
Expectancy-related changes in firing of dopamine neurons depend on hippocampus
Authors: Zhang Zhewei , Takahashi Yuji K. , Montesinos-Cartegena Marlian , Kahnt Thorsten , Langdon Angela J. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus (HC) both contribute to the cognitive maps that support flexible behavior. Previously, we used the dopamine neurons to measure the functional role of OFC. We recorded midbrain dopamine neurons as rats performed an odor-based choice task, in which expected rewards were manipulated across blocks. We found that ipsilateral OFC lesions degraded dopaminergic prediction errors, consistent with reduced resolution of the task states. Here we have repeated this experiment in male rats with ipsilateral HC lesions. The results show HC also shapes the task states, however unlike OFC, which provides information local to the trial, the HC is necessary for estimating upper-level hidden states that distinguish blocks. The results contrast the roles of the OFC and HC in cognitive mapping and suggest that the dopamine neurons access rich information from distributed regions regarding the environment’s structure, potentially enabling this teaching signal to support complex behaviors.
Spreading ridge migration enabled by plume-ridge de-anchoring
Authors: Mather Ben , Seton Maria , Williams Simon , Whittaker Joanne , Carey Rebecca , Arnould Maëlis , Coltice Nicolas , Duncan Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has long been recognised that spreading ridges are kept in place by competing subduction forces that drive plate motions. Asymmetric strain rates pull spreading ridges in the direction of the strongest slab pull force, which partially explains why spreading ridges can migrate vast distances. However, the interaction between mantle plumes and spreading ridges plays a relatively unknown role on the evolution of plate boundaries. Using a numerical model of mantle convection, we show that plumes with high buoyancy flux (>3000 kg/s) can capture spreading ridges within a 1000 km radius and anchor them in place. Exceptionally high buoyancy fluxes may fragment the overriding plate into smaller plates to accommodate more efficient plate motion. If the plume buoyancy flux wanes below 1000 kg/s the ridge may be de-anchored, leading to rapid ridge migration rates when combined with asymmetric plate boundary forces. Our results show that plume-ridge de-anchoring may have contributed to the rapid migration of the SE Indian Ridge from 43 million years ago (Ma) due to waning buoyancy flux from the Kerguelen plume, supported by magma flux estimates and radiogenic isotope geochemistry of eruption products. The plume-ridge de-anchoring mechanism we have identified has global implications for the evolution of plate boundaries near mantle plumes.
Simultaneous accelerated stress testing of membrane electrode assembly components in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Yoshimune Wataru , Kato Akihiko , Hayakawa Tetsuichiro , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Kato Satoru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) in fuel cell electric vehicles is important for the shift from passenger cars to heavy-duty vehicles. The components of a PEFC, namely the proton exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst layer (CL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL), contribute to the degradation of the fuel cell performance. In this paper, we propose a method for simultaneously evaluating the degradation rates of these components by combining electrochemical characterization with operando synchrotron X-ray radiography. The open-circuit voltage, electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), and water saturation were used as the degradation indicators for the PEMs, CLs, and GDLs, respectively. The results of two accelerated stress tests (loading and start-stop cycles) after 10,000 cycles showed that the increase in water saturation owing to the loss of hydrophobicity due to carbon corrosion in the cathode GDL occurred on the same timescale as the degradation in the PEM and cathode CL. Specifically, during the load cycle AST, the cathode CL degraded with a 26% reduction in the ECSA along with the cathode GDL degradation with a 10% increase in water saturation. This suggests that more efforts should be devoted to studies on the durability of GDLs for heavy-duty applications.