bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the relationship between aggression and chronic diseases (diabetes and hypertension)
Authors: Tilov Boris , Semerdzhieva Maria , Bakova Desislava , Tornyova Biyanka , Stoyanov Drozdstoi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis study focused on the widely examined psychosomatic diseases – diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension as chronic conditions. The Buss–Perry validated questionnaire was used in it to measure aggression in Bulgarian conditions.AimTo study aggression as a predictor and a connection of the chronic diseases diabetes and hypertension.Material and methodsThe number of the studied people was 142: 54 (38%) men and 88 (62%) women. Thirty‐six of them had musculoskeletal disorders (77.8% women and 22.2% men), 54 had diabetes mellitus (29% women and 25% men) and 52 had hypertension (31% women and 21% men).ResultsDuring the statistical analysis of the data, the results from the Buss–Perry questionnaire were compared in the group of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus with chronic diseases, related to musculoskeletal disorders.ConclusionThe study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in 95% of the cases between anger, hostility in patients with diabetes, hypertension and musculoskeletal disorders. The highest levels of physical aggression were observed in patients with arterial hypertension, M = 17.32 ± 0.86. The highest average levels of verbal aggression were observed in patients with diabetes, M = 15.24 ± 0.64. The highest levels of anger were observed with patients with hypertension, M = 17.96 ± 0.90, and hostility – in patients with hypertension, M = 19.15 ± 0.86. The comparison between the four Aggression Questionnaire scales showed statistically significant differences between the patients with musculoskeletal disorders and the ones with hypertension and diabetes.
Real‐space observation of strong metal‐support interaction: state‐of‐the‐art and what's the next
Authors: SHI X.Y. , ZHANG W. , ZHANG C. , ZHENG W.T. , CHEN H. , Qi J.G. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe real‐space resolving of the encapsulated overlayer in the well‐known model and industry catalysts, ascribed to the advent of dedicated transmission electron microscopy, enables us to probe novel nano/micro architecture chemistry for better application, revisiting our understanding of this key issue in heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, we summarize the latest progress of real‐space observation of SMSI in several well‐known systems mainly covered from the metal catalysts (mostly Pt) supported by the TiO2, CeO2 and Fe3O4. As a comparison with the model catalyst Pt/Fe3O4, the industrial catalyst Cu/ZnO is also listed, followed with the suggested ongoing directions in the field.
The effect of platelet‐rich plasma on the outcome of short‐term narrowband–ultraviolet B phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo: a pilot study
Authors: Ibrahim Zeinab A , El‐Ashmawy Amal A , El‐Tatawy Rania A , Sallam Fersan A 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundNarrowband – ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) is an emerging, effective, and safe therapy for vitiligo, but the treatment course often requires a long duration of time which may carry a potential risk for various side effects and patients' noncompliance.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection on the outcome of short‐term NB‐UVB therapy for the patients with stable vitiligo.Patients and methodsThe study included 60 stable vitiligo patients with overall symmetrical lesions. For each patient, the left side of the body was treated with NB‐UVB alone (control side) while the right side was treated with NB‐UVB therapy in addition to intradermal injection of PRP, every 2 weeks for 4 months.ResultsThere was statistically highly significant improvement in the repigmentation in the combination group(PRP plus NB‐UVB) compared with NB‐UVB group.ConclusionIntradermal PRP injection in combination with NB‐UVB could be considered as a simple, safe, tolerable, and cheap technique for treatment of vitiligo. It shortens the duration of NB‐UVB therapy and is expected to increase patient compliance. Longer follow‐up is needed.
Differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma using preoperative clinical characteristics
Authors: Cho Hye‐yon , Kim Kidong , Kim Yong‐Beom , No Jae Hong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the preoperative diagnostic findings suggestive of uterine sarcoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 31 patients with pathologically confirmed uterine sarcoma including leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma, between 2003 and 2011. The cases were matched by age, year of procedure (plus or minus 1 year), and surgeon, to controls (1:3 ratio) selected from all the patients who underwent hysterectomy for uterine myoma during the same period.ResultsUterine sarcomas had larger tumor size compared with leiomyoma on sonography (P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in the total number of masses found on ultrasonography (P = 0.066). On multivariate analysis increased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR > 2.1), large tumor size (> 8.0 cm), and lower body mass index (BMI ≤ 20) were independent risk factors for uterine sarcoma (P = 0.014, 0.048, and 0.048, respectively). Sarcoma index was calculated by summing the number of risk factors. Higher sarcoma index was associated with increased risk of uterine sarcoma (0, 13.6%; 1, 21.7%; 2, 62.5%; 3, 100%).ConclusionPreoperative NLR, tumor size, and BMI could be useful for the discrimination of sarcoma from leiomyoma of uterus.
Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases in ameloblastomas and pericoronal follicles
Authors: Dutra Kamile Leonardi , Cordeiro Mabel Mariela Rodríguez , Vieira Daniella Serafin Couto , Rivero Elena Riet Correa 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundAmeloblastoma (AM) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm characterized by local invasiveness and recurrence. We compared the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases in different clinical types of AM as well as in normal odontogenic tissue.MethodsThirteen cases of solid AMs, five cases of unicystic AM and eight pericoronal follicles (PF) were selected and subjected to immunohistochemical investigation for matrix metalloproteinase‐1, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expressions.ResultsThe expressions of MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 were very high in the cytoplasm of cells throughout the entire epithelium and in fibroblasts from the adjacent connective tissue. MMP‐9 expression was observed in the same location although with weaker staining. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed statistically significant differences in the epithelial expressions of MMP‐1 and MMP‐2; there was lower expression among solid AMs when compared with unicystic AM and PF. Compared to both types of AM, higher stromal expression of MMP‐9 was found in PF.ConclusionMMP‐1, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 seem to be associated with AM tumour behaviour as well as physiological tissue remodelling within PF.
Effect of a 2% topical chamomile application for treating burning mouth syndrome: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Valenzuela Sara , Pons‐Fuster Alvaro , López‐Jornet Pia 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe treatments for burning mouth syndrome (BMS) proposed to date have been varied but have only achieved limited efficacy. Chamomile has analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical applications of 2% chamomile gel in comparison with a placebo for the treatment of BMS.Materials and methodsThe study was designed as a prospective randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind monocentric study. A total of 62 patients with idiopathic BMS were divided into two groups: Group A received applications of a 2% chamomile gel, and Group B (placebo) were administered a placebo; both treatments were applied twice daily for 1 month. Three variables were evaluated at base line, 15 and 30 days: pain (assessed using a visual analogue scale [VAS]), xerostomia severity (Xerostomia Inventory), and oral quality of life (assessed by means of the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14).ResultsA total of 57 patients completed the study. Pain, xerostomia, and quality of life underwent improvements with statistical significance at 15 and 30 days in both groups (P < 0.001). But when the two groups were compared, differences in VAS pain were not significant (P = 0.847), nor were xerostomia severity (P = 0.536), or oral quality of life (P = 0.076).ConclusionThe chamomile gel product was well tolerated. As treatment with chamomile and the placebo produced similar outcomes, the efficacy of 2% chamomile gel for treating BMS appears questionable. However, further studies with larger patient samples are needed to confirm this.
Chronobesity: role of the circadian system in the obesity epidemic
Authors: Laermans J. , Depoortere I. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAlthough obesity is considered to result from an imbalance between energy uptake and energy expenditure, the strategy of dietary changes and physical exercise has failed to tackle the global obesity epidemic. In search of alternative and more adequate treatment options, research has aimed at further unravelling the mechanisms underlying this excessive weight gain. While numerous studies are focusing on the neuroendocrine alterations that occur after bariatric Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery, an increasing amount of chronobiological studies have started to raise awareness concerning the pivotal role of the circadian system in the development and exacerbation of obesity. This internal timekeeping mechanism rhythmically regulates metabolic and physiological processes in order to meet the fluctuating demands in energy use and supply throughout the 24‐h day. This review elaborates on the extensive bidirectional interaction between the circadian system and metabolism and explains how disruption of body clocks by means of shift work, frequent time zone travelling or non‐stop consumption of calorie‐dense foods can evoke detrimental metabolic alterations that contribute to obesity. Altering the body's circadian rhythms by means of time‐related dietary approaches (chrononutrition) or pharmacological substances (chronobiotics) may therefore represent a novel and interesting way to prevent or treat obesity and associated comorbidities.
Satisfying transportation needs in fast‐growing metropolitan areas: mobility solutions for mega‐cities in developing countries
Authors: Detter Helmut 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWithin the first decade of the 21st century, the world's demographic patterns witnessed a fundamental change. For the first time in history, the number of people living in cities exceeded the number of those living in rural areas. This general trend towards urbanisation has forced policy‐makers around the world to quickly find solutions to satisfy the growing demand for transportation services in fast‐growing metropolitan areas—and, in particular, in mega‐cities. Given the fact that many of these fast‐growing metropolitan areas are located in developing countries with very limited financial resources for infrastructure development, economic approaches as well as flexible solutions are required. However, to forecast urban development over a time horizon of 10 years or more is difficult. Nevertheless, the gap between near future, which is considered 3–5 years, and the distant future, a time horizon that covers 15–20 years, requires special attention. Using the so called PRAVOKE method—a method for the analysis of complex networked systems—the author analyses various options for satisfying current and future transportation needs in fast‐growing metropolitan areas. By taking the complex problem of satisfying urban transportation demand and breaking it into several sub‐problems, this paper derives possible development paths, and describes the interlinkages between the expectations and needs of inhabitants in fast‐growing metropolitan areas regarding transportation systems. Furthermore, it links some of the results with technological concepts that are already being applied, assessing their suitability for meeting transportation needs in fast‐growing urban areas.
Cognitive Penetrability and High‐Level Properties in Perception: Unrelated Phenomena?
Authors: Brogaard Berit , Chomanski Bartek 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere has been a recent surge in interest in two questions concerning the nature of perceptual experience; viz. the question of whether perceptual experience is sometimes cognitively penetrated and that of whether high‐level properties are presented in perceptual experience. Only rarely have thinkers been concerned with the question of whether the two phenomena are interestingly related. Here we argue that the two phenomena are not related in any interesting way. We argue further that this lack of an interesting connection between the two phenomena has potentially devastating consequences for naïve realism. Finally, we consider the possibility of a disunified view of experience that takes perceptual experience to be a matter of both being directly perceptually related to mind‐independent objects and property instances as well as consciously representing these entities.
Asymptomatic spinal arteriovenous fistula presenting only as continuous murmur
Authors: Asada Dai , Itoi Toshiyuki , Hamaoka Kenji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpinal arteriovenous fistula is extremely rare in children. Weakness and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities are the specific clinical presentations. Children, however, commonly have no subjective symptoms; in rare cases, a continuous murmur is the only physical finding. An 18‐month‐old boy was referred for evaluation of a continuous murmur audible at the back. He had no motor or sensory disorder; only a Levine 3/6 continuous murmur audible at the back was found. Echocardiography showed a structurally normal heart but indicated ascending continuous blood flow behind the aortic arch and dilatation of the innominate vein. We suspected spinal arteriovenous fistula, and it was visualized on computed tomography angiography. Spinal arteriovenous fistula was detected using only auscultation and echocardiography. Suspicion of this anomaly on careful auscultation and simple examination, and confirmation on detailed examination, even in the absence of motor or sensory disturbance, is important.
8‐year old patient with giant hydatid cyst consulted with chest wall asymmetry
Authors: Uygun Saime Sündüs , Arıbaş Olgun Kadir , Pekcan Sevgi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease, is common in Turkey and is caused by the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. We describe the case of an 8‐year‐old girl who was admitted to hospital with chest wall asymmetry after a fall from height, without any other symptoms. Cystic lesion was identified on radiology, and serology supported the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The patient underwent thorax surgery. Postoperatively, she was treated with benzimidazoles for 2 months. Rarely, hydatid cysts can reach a size sufficiently large to cause chest deformity.
Autologous cord blood transplantation for metastatic neuroblastoma
Authors: Ning Botao , Cheuk Daniel Ka‐Leung , Chiang Alan Kwok‐Shing , Lee Pamela Pui‐Wah , Ha Shau‐Yin , Chan Godfrey Chi‐fung 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAuto‐SCT is a common approach for metastatic neuroblastoma with the intention to rescue hematopoiesis after megadose chemotherapy. PBSC or BM is the usual stem cell source for auto‐SCT. Auto‐CBT for neuroblastoma has very rarely been performed. Currently, case reports are available for two patients only. We performed 13 auto‐SCTs for high‐risk neuroblastoma from 2007 to 2013, including four cases of metastatic neuroblastoma aged 11–64 months treated with auto‐CBT. All four patients had partial or CR to upfront treatments before auto‐CBT. Nucleated cell dose and CD34+ cell dose infused were 2.8–8.7 × 107/kg and 0.36–3.9 × 105/kg, respectively. Post‐thawed viability was 57–76%. Neutrophil engraftment (>0.5 × 109/L) occurred at 15–33 days, while platelet engraftment occurred at 31–43 days (>20 × 109/L) and 33–65 days (>50 × 109/L) post‐transplant, respectively. There was no severe acute or chronic complication. Three patients survived for 1.9–7.7 yr without evidence of recurrence. One patient relapsed at 16 months post‐transplant and died of progressive disease. Cord blood may be a feasible alternative stem cell source for auto‐SCT in patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma, and outcomes may be improved compared to autologous PBSC or BM transplants.
The evolving potential for pediatric ex vivo lung perfusion
Authors: Luc Jessica G.Y. , Nagendran Jayan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite the rise in the number of adult lung transplantations performed, rates of pediatric lung transplantation remain low. Lung transplantation is an accepted therapy for pediatric end‐stage lung disease; however, it is limited by a shortage of donor organs. EVLP has emerged as a platform for assessment and preservation of donor lung function. EVLP has been adopted in adult lung transplantation and has successfully led to increased adult lung transplantations and donor lung utilization. We discuss the future implications of EVLP utilization, specifically, its potential evolving role in overcoming donor shortages in smaller children and adolescents to improve the quality and outcomes of lung transplantation in pediatric patients.
Added value of DCE‐MRI in the management of cystic‐cavitary lung lesions
Authors: Karaman Adem , Araz Omer , Durur‐Subasi Irmak , Alper Fatih , Subasi Mahmut , Karakaya Afak D. , Akgun Metin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveWe evaluated the added value of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) to CT in the evaluation of cystic‐cavitary lung lesions. We aimed to compare morphological parameters, including wall thickness and inner wall irregularity, and to determine whether DCE‐MRI with morphological and dynamic parameters was useful in indeterminate lesions. We also aimed to investigate the added value of DCE‐MRI in terms of whether to biopsy, and if so the site of biopsy.MethodsThis prospective study included 39 consecutive patients with cystic and/or cavitary lung lesions detected by CT who then underwent additional DCE‐MRI. After initial evaluation, the lesions were classified as benign, indeterminate or malignant and the findings of CT and DCE‐MRI compared with each other by considering the final diagnosis that was determined by histopathological findings and clinical evaluation and follow up.ResultsThe mean values for wall thickness obtained by DCE‐MRI were lower and the range of wall thickness for indeterminate lesions was narrower than those obtained by CT (5.50–11.50 mm and 5.75–13.50 mm for DCE‐MRI and CT), and inner wall irregularity on DCE‐MRI was more sensitive in malignant lesions. Also, DCE‐MRI obviated biopsy in three benign patients and changed the biopsy site in two patients.ConclusionOur study suggests that DCE‐MRI is helpful in indeterminate cystic‐cavitary lung lesions, with morphological and dynamic features. It narrowed the range of wall thickness used for indeterminate lesions, was more sensitive than CT in determining malignant inner wall irregularity, and was also useful in determining the need for and appropriate site of biopsy.See Editorial, page 576
Theoretical Analysis on the Measurement Errors of Local 2D DIC: Part I Temporal and Spatial Uncertainty Quantification of Displacement Measurements
Authors: Wang Y. , Lava P. , Reu P. , Debruyne D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical uncertainty quantification of displacement measurements by subset‐based 2D‐digital image correlation. A generalised solution to estimate the random error of displacement measurement is presented. The obtained solution suggests that the random error of displacement measurements is determined by the image noise, the summation of the intensity gradient in a subset, the subpixel part of displacement, and the interpolation scheme. The proposed method is validated with virtual digital image correlation tests.
Protection against Experimental Cryptococcosis following Vaccination with Glucan Particles ContainingCryptococcusAlkaline Extracts
Authors: Specht Charles A. , Lee Chrono K. , Huang Haibin , Tipper Donald J. , Shen Zu T. , Lodge Jennifer K. , Leszyk John , Ostroff Gary R. , Levitz Stuart M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA vaccine capable of protecting at-risk persons against infections due toCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattiicould reduce the substantial global burden of human cryptococcosis. Vaccine development has been hampered though, by lack of knowledge as to which antigens are immunoprotective and the need for an effective vaccine delivery system. We made alkaline extracts from mutant cryptococcal strains that lacked capsule or chitosan. The extracts were then packaged into glucan particles (GPs), which are purifiedSaccharomyces cerevisiaecell walls composed primarily of β-1,3-glucans. Subcutaneous vaccination with the GP-based vaccines provided significant protection against subsequent pulmonary infection with highly virulent strains ofC. neoformansandC. gattii. The alkaline extract derived from the acapsular strain was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the most abundant proteins were identified. Separation of the alkaline extract by size exclusion chromatography revealed fractions that conferred protection when loaded in GP-based vaccines. Robust Th1- and Th17-biased CD4+T cell recall responses were observed in the lungs of vaccinated and infected mice. Thus, our preclinical studies have indicated promising cryptococcal vaccine candidates in alkaline extracts delivered in GPs. Ongoing studies are directed at identifying the individual components of the extracts that confer protection and thus would be promising candidates for a human vaccine.IMPORTANCEThe encapsulated yeastCryptococcus neoformansand its closely related sister species,Cryptococcus gattii, are major causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised persons. This study reports on the preclinical development of vaccines to protect at-risk populations from cryptococcosis. Antigens were extracted fromCryptococcusby treatment with an alkaline solution. The extracted antigens were then packaged into glucan particles, which are hollow yeast cell walls composed mainly of β-glucans. The glucan particle-based vaccines elicited robust T cell immune responses and protected mice from otherwise-lethal challenge with virulent strains ofC. neoformansandC. gattii. The technology used for antigen extraction and subsequent loading into the glucan particle delivery system is relatively simple and can be applied to vaccine development against other pathogens.
Scientists: Engage the Public!
Authors: Shugart Erika C. , Racaniello Vincent R. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Scientists must communicate about science with public audiences to promote an understanding of complex issues that we face in our technologically advanced society. Some scientists may be concerned about a social stigma or “Sagan effect” associated with participating in public communication. Recent research in the social sciences indicates that public communication by scientists is not a niche activity but is widely done and can be beneficial to a scientist's career. There are a variety of approaches that scientists can take to become active in science communication.