bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and photocatalytic applications of TiO2-CQDs nanocomposites prepared by biological methods
Authors: Jabbar Maryam S. , Mahmood Olfat A. , Jameel Zainab N. , Jihad Noor. J. 
Published: September 2024

في هذه الدراسة ، تم تصنيع CQDs بالطريقة الخضراء بأستخدام عصير البرتقال والايثانول تم خلطها عند درجة حرارة منخفضة نسبيا بواسطة عملية الكربنة الحرارية المائية، وتم تحضير حبيبات TiO2 بواسطة طريقة .sol-gel وكذلك تم تحضير المركبات النانوية و TiO2-CQDs بنسب وزنية مختلفة بواسطة الخلط الانزلاقي والمعالجة الحرارية. أظهرت نتائج FESEM تكوين مواد نانوية بأشكال مختلفة وبمعدل حجم حبيبي صغير كشف المجهر الإلكتروني النافذ عالي الدقة أن TiO2 طور (anatase) يتجمع في أشكال وأحجام كروية في الغالب أقل من 15 nm. كان لنقاط الكميات الكمية قطر موحد نسبيًا، وشكل كروي ذو بنية بلورية عالية، وحجم أقل من 2 nm. تُظهر أطياف FTIR للمواد النانوية المحضرة وجود النطاق العريض عند (450–4000) cm-1 يتوافق مع اهتــزاز التمدد لمجموعات الهيدروكسيل المنتهية في العينات. أظهرت نتائج التحليل الطيفي المرئي للأشعة فوق البنفسجية أن امتصاصية المتراكبات النانوية (TiO2-CQD) تزداد مع زيادة نسبة CQDs ، وكانت قيمة فجوة الطاقة البصرية 3.14 eV و 3.07 eV للمواد TiO2 و CQDsعلى التوالي. وانخفضت قيم فجــوة الطاقة للــمتراكبات TiO2-CQDs النانــوية مع زيادة معدل CQDs ضمن المدى 1.85–2.72) eV ) . تم اختبار أداء التحفيز الضوئي عن طريق تحلل صبغات الميثيلين الأزرق (MB) والميثيل البرتقالي (MO) تحت تأثير إشعاع الأشعة الفوق البنفسجية. أظهرت النتائج أن جميع المواد المتراكبة المحضرة بنسب مختلفة كانت لها كفاءة تحفيزية ضوئية أعلى من TiO2 NPs ، وأن كفاءة التحفيز الضوئي تزداد مع زيادة نسبة . CQDs كانت كفاءة التحلل لكل من الميثيلين الأزرق (MB) والميثيل البرتقالي (MO) عند 84% و % 39 عند240 دقيقة على التوالي.
Bacterial protein meal digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and kinetics in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) juveniles
Authors: Boucher Richard Le , Wu Chenyi , Chung Weiqiang , Sapri Tuty Adilah Binte , Koon Meng , Tan Lydia Shun En , Ng Jessalin Kai Lin , Lee Co Sin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Single-cell protein meals, particularly bacterial protein meals (BPMs), show promise as alternative protein sources for fish diets. However, their digestibility in non-salmonid species remains underexplored. This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of a BPM derived from brewery by-products when fed to barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Two cohorts of 150 barramundi (48.9 ± 4.2 g, 95 dph) and 150 tilapia (48.7 ± 11.4 g, 219 dph) were raised in recirculated systems with brackish water (28°C, 5 ppt salinity) over two trials. Fish performance, ADCs for 42 fatty acids and 17 amino acids, and gut enzyme activity, including the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) for trypsin, chymotrypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase, were assessed. Both species exhibited high thermal-unit growth coefficients (1.7–1.9) and low feed-conversion ratios (1.1) on control diets. Barramundi had a slightly but significantly higher diet ADC for protein (95.8 ± 0.5%) compared to tilapia (94.8 ± 0.6%) (P < 0.05), consistent across most essential amino acids except lysine. Conversely, barramundi showed lower digestibility for PUFA (92.0%) and omega-6 (85.7%) than tilapia. The ADCs of BPM for dry matter and protein were higher in barramundi (66.3 ± 5.8% and 87.5 ± 0.9%) than in tilapia (54.1 ± 5.1% and 71.8 ± 5.3%). Tilapia exhibited higher gut enzyme activities than barramundi, and these activities were unaffected by BPM incorporation (P > 0.05), indicating no presence of digestive inhibitors in the tested BPM. The affinity of digestive trypsin in both species (Km = 11.8–15.1) was 3 to 30 times higher than that measured in other fish species. High affinities for chymotrypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase were observed in both tilapia (240.0 ± 58.6; 132.2 ± 3.2, respectively) and barramundi (425.7 ± 50.7; 70.0 ± 2.2, respectively) and significant interaction suggest that the relationship between diet and enzyme kinetics varies between species. This study demonstrates that both barramundi and tilapia can effectively digest the tested BPM, with barramundi showing superior efficiency. It underscores the importance of tailoring aquafeed ingredients to specific species based on nutrient digestibilities and enzyme kinetics.
Room-temperature Ferromagnetism, Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy, and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Epitaxially Stabilized Air-stable Chromium Tellurides
Authors: Palakkal Jasnamol , Tschesche Anna , Henning Pia , Meyer Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Chromium telluride (Cr(1+δ)Te2) thin films of various δ were prepared using a hybrid pulsed laser deposition technique by varying the flux rate of a Te-molecular beam source. We found that the thickness and nanocrystalline quality of the films increased with the Te-flux. All three films prepared showed hexagonal layering with the same out-of-plane lattice constant. Increasing the Te-flux rate stabilized the CrTe, Cr2Te3, and CrTe2 phases of the telluride, and they showed different magnetic transition temperatures (TC) from film to film, corresponding to their composition. The tellurides show anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) at the vicinity of their respective TCs, with the highest TC of 324 K unveiled by Cr2Te3. These stoichiometry-controlled room-temperature ferromagnetic air-stable 2D materials prepared using the hybrid deposition technique can significantly advance further development of 2D materials for magnetic device applications.
Title: Comparative Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty and Bipolar Hip Hemiarthroplasty in Femoral Neck Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Haghpanah Behnam , Taheri Ehsan , Salimi Omid , Seifi Shakiba , Amini Alireza , Heidarpour Kousha , Khalifehsoltany Ali , Sohrabi Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Femoral neck fractures, particularly prevalent among the elderly, demand timely and appropriate treatment due to high costs and the potential for severe complications. Selecting the correct treatment method is essential to prevent long-term issues such as dislocation and the need for reoperation. This study compares the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty (BHA) in treating femoral neck fractures. This retrospective, applied, observational, and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 48 patients (24 in the THA group and 24 in the BHA group). Patient information was obtained from the surgical archives of Shariati Hospital in 2020–2021. During a telephone call, patients were asked questions from the Oxford Hip Scoring Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, and significance was tested. Results are presented quantitatively. Results showed that patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty scored an average of 7.5 points higher than those who had bipolar hemiarthroplasty, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). This suggests that total arthroplasty may offer better overall performance and outcomes in terms of pain reduction and joint efficiency for patients over 50 years old. The superiority of total arthroplasty was observed across all age groups, with the most pronounced difference in the 60–69 age range (14.43 points), followed by the 50–59 age group (2.15 points), and the smallest difference in patients 70 years and older (1.38 points). These findings indicate that total hip arthroplasty may be particularly beneficial for patients between 50 and 69 years old, while the advantage becomes less pronounced in patients 70 years and older. Individual patient factors, including comorbidities and activity levels, should guide the choice between THA and BHA. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods is necessary to confirm these results and inform optimal clinical decision-making for treating femoral neck fractures.
WITHDRAWN: An experimental study on the effects of moisture content and confining pressure on the damping ratio of silty clay
Authors: Chen Jianshen , Chen Guoqiang , Pan Yuangui , Zheng Yuchao , Zhang Huijian , Shao Shiyou , Lu Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The damping ratio is a crucial dynamic parameter in soil. In order to study the damping ratio characteristics of silty clay, dynamic triaxial tests were conducted. Two influencing factors, moisture content and confining pressure, were considered, and the specific effects and sensitivities of changes in these factors on the damping ratio were discussed in detail. The research results indicate that an increase in moisture content leads to an increase in the damping ratio of silty clay, while an increase in confining pressure results in a decrease in the damping ratio. The relationship curve between the damping ratio and dynamic shear strain (λ–γd) demonstrates distinct phase characteristics. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the damping ratio to moisture content is generally higher than its sensitivity to confining pressure, with significant differences in sensitivity observed across different phases. This study uncovers the complex influence of moisture content and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of silty clay, providing an important reference for a deeper understanding of its behavior in various conditions.
Evaluating tumor microenvironment hypoxia and microvessel density in breast cancer models using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) DWI
Authors: Deng Yi , Han Chao-gang , Deng Zi-qin , Yang Shou-yi , Wu Zhuo-han , Liu Jia-li , Ma Jia-ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) and intravascular micro-imaging magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM)-derived DW metric values predictive for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)+ clusterofdiffe-rentiation31(CD31)/microvascular density(MVD) levels in a nude mouse model with breast cancers. Quantitative parameters for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the diffusion components including D and pseudodiffusion, known as fraction with free water (D*), were derived from fitting results of a breast cancer model in 33 nude mice. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze HIF-1α and MVD levels using CD31. The associations of these variables with pathological features were evaluated. The diagnostic performance of quantitative imaging indices was evaluated by the Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Conclusion: DWI quantitative parameters, especially the D and ADC values from IVIM-DWI, are helpful for evaluating hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and MVD of tumors.
AI-Based Fault Detection and Isolation for UPQCs: Modelling, Simulation, and Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Nishad D. K. , Tiwari A. N. , Khalid Saifullah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Unified Power Quality Conditioners (UPQCs) enhance power quality in electrical distribution networks. However, faults in UPQCs can lead to power quality issues and system outages. This paper investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for advanced fault detection and isolation in UPQCs. We propose modeling and simulating various AI-based approaches, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), fuzzy Logic, and hybrid neuro-fuzzy systems. The primary objective is to develop an efficient, accurate, and real-time fault detection system that improves the overall performance and reliability of UPQCs. Simulation results demonstrate that AI techniques can accurately detect and classify faults. While AI-based fault detection in UPQCs is promising, challenges such as real-time data processing and interpretation must be addressed for widespread adoption. Future research directions include deep learning architectures, unsupervised learning, Internet of Things (IoT) integration, and explainable AI to further enhance fault detection capabilities in UPQCs. Addressing these challenges will contribute to developing intelligent and self-healing power distribution networks, with AI-based fault detection playing a pivotal role.
Reconfigurable and Dynamic QoS Provisioning in Optical DCN Architecture for Cloud-Centric Real-time Applications
Authors: Bera Sougata , Pani Chandi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The escalating demand for cost-effective and traffic-optimizing applications has placed significant strain on current electrical packet-switched Data Center Networks (DCNs), which are hampered by bandwidth limitations. Optical circuit-switched DCNs, with their advanced capabilities of high data rates and enhanced bandwidth, offer a promising solution to these challenges but are impeded by prolonged reconfiguration times. To address these constraints, various passive optical device-based solutions have been proposed. Furthermore, in mixed traffic environments, there is a pressing need for dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. This paper introduces a novel reconfigurable and dynamic QoS-provisioned DCN architecture designed to tackle these challenges. The proposed architecture employs a heuristic algorithm that enables real-time network reconfiguration, optimizing resource allocation and reducing latency while ensuring QoS. The effectiveness of the architecture is demonstrated through comprehensive simulations and hardware-based implementations. The architecture, referred to as Passive Optical Data Center Switch (PODS), integrates an Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR) with a controller unit. The controller manages the dynamic placement of packets in buffers according to service class, with the added capability of reusing buffers from other service classes. This approach enhances QoS provisioning and enables path reconfiguration via a loopback method, thereby mitigating blocking and congestion. The scalability, high throughput, low latency, service reliability, and power efficiency of the PODS architecture are validated under real-time traffic conditions. Performance comparisons with existing passive optical DCN architectures, such as PODCA, reveal substantial improvements in delay, throughput, and blocking probability. The framework was simulated using Python on the Google Colab platform within a Windows environment, yielding a 46.3% reduction in latency and a 5% improvement in network load compared to the PODCA architecture. Additionally, a laboratory test bench model comprising 7 Top of Rack (ToR) switches and Raspberry Pi modules was constructed. This small-scale model featured 112 communication links utilizing 16 different wavelengths and achieved optimal performance with 14 buffers per ToR. Implementation of the proposed algorithm resulted in an 18.3% reduction in blocking probability across the entire architecture and eliminated blocking in high-priority real-time traffic under full network load conditions. The findings demonstrate that the reconfigurable DCN architecture presented in this study significantly enhances QoS delivery, effectively meeting the evolving demands of cloud services and data-intensive applications.
Explore Cross-Codec Quality-Rate Convex Hulls Relation for Adaptive Streaming
Authors: Nia Masoumeh Farhadi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With the ongoing advancement of video technology and the emergence of new video platforms, suppliers of video contents are striving to ensure that the video quality meets the desire of consumers. Accessing a limited amount of channel bandwidth, they are often looking for a novel approach to decrease the use of data and thus the required energy and cost. This study evaluates the Quality Rate performance of H.264, H.265, and VP9 codecs across resolutions (960×544, 1920×1080, 3840×2160) to optimize video quality while minimizing bitrate, crucial for energy and cost efficiency. At this approach, original videos at native resolutions were encoded, decoded, and rescaled using FFmpeg. For each resolution, encoding and decoding were performed at various quantization levels. Quality Rate (QR) curves were generated using PSNR and VMAF metric against bitrate. Convex Hull curves were then derived and mathematically modelled for each resolution. The procedure was systematically applied to H.264, H.265, and VP9 codecs. Results indicate that increasing CRF values reduce bitrate, PSNR, and VMAF, with PSNR ranging between 20–40 dB. Logarithmic polynomial modelling of convex hulls demonstrated high accuracy, with low RMSE and high R-Squared values. These findings suggest that the convex hull of one codec can predict the performance of others, aiding future content-driven prediction methodologies and enhancing adaptive streaming efficiency.
The Association Between Atherogenic Index of plasma and Serum Uric Acid: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hu Bingchao , Yu Wanqian , Zou Huiming , Li Ping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Metabolic diseases are significantly correlated with the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). However, there is currently no conclusive data establishing a direct connection between AIP and serum uric acid (SUA) levels. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) covering the years 2007 to 2016 were used in this cross-sectional investigation. 10,247 people in all participated in the study. By using the logarithm (base 10) of the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP was calculated. The concentration of SUA was the dependent variable. The connection between AIP and SUA levels was tested using a multi-factor logistic regression model and a limited three-sample technique. Sub-group analysis and interaction testing were also carried out. In the completely adjusted model, the study found a curvilinear relationship between AIP and the chance of higher SUA levels. Serum uric acid (SUA) levels were directly correlated with an increase in AIP values when the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was less than 0.81. Nevertheless, serum uric acid (SUA) levels consistently decreased with increasing AIP values when the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) exceeded 0.81. Moreover, the probability of having high SUA levels was significantly higher in those in the top 25% of AIP than in those in the lowest 25% of AIP (β = 0.6195, 95% CI: 0.54–0.68, P < 0.001). This association was consistent for every category.there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between SUA levels and AIP among adult US population. This suggests that higher AIP levels could lead to higher SUA levels.
LLM-3D Print: Large Language Models To Monitor and Control 3D Printing
Authors: Farimani Amir Barati , jadhav Yayati , Pak Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Industry 4.0 has revolutionized manufacturing by driving digitalization and shifting the paradigm toward additive manufacturing (AM). Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a key AM technology, enables the creation of highly customized, cost-effective products with minimal material waste through layer-by-layer extrusion, posing a significant challenge to traditional subtractive methods. However, the susceptibility of material extrusion techniques to errors often requires expert intervention to detect and mitigate defects that can severely compromise product quality. While automated error detection and machine learning models exist, their generalizability across diverse 3D printer setups, firmware, and sensors is limited, and deep learning methods require extensive labeled datasets, hindering scalability and adaptability. To address these challenges, we present a process monitoring and control framework that leverages pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) alongside 3D printers to detect and address printing defects. The LLM evaluates print quality by analyzing images captured after each layer or print segment, identifying failure modes and querying the printer for relevant parameters. It then generates and executes a corrective action plan. We validated the effectiveness of the proposed framework in identifying defects by comparing it against a control group of engineers with diverse AM expertise. Our evaluation demonstrated that LLM-based agents not only accurately identify common 3D printing errors, such as inconsistent extrusion, stringing, warping, and layer adhesion, but also effectively determine the parameters causing these failures and autonomously correct them without any need for human intervention.
The impact of increasing tree cover on landscape metrics and connectivity
Authors: Speak A. F. , Holt C. , Bispo P. A. , McHenry E. , Dennis M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

CONTEXT: The United Kingdom has a low percentage cover of woodland which exists in small, highly fragmented patches. Plans to increase the cover from 14.5% to 17.5% by 2050 will require guidance to help target the planting of new forests to maximise ecological connectivity.
OBJECTIVES: This study develops a novel approach to landscape simulation utilising real world spatial boundary data.
METHODS: Three different future woodland creation goals (+10,30 and 50 %) are tested in Colne Valley river watershed, alongside manipulations of the mean new patch size and the mode in which new woodland is created in relation to existing woodland.
RESULTS: Scenarios which expanded existing woodland and used riparian planting created larger, more connected patches with more core area. The model outputs are used to assess the impact of the UK woodland increase plans, and past woodland creation efforts are assessed.
CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that proximal growth offers the greatest benefits in terms of biodiversity, but in terms of habitat connectivity smaller isolated woodland patches may also be needed as stepping stones to aid dispersal.
Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Assessment of Promising Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes Using RAPD, ISSR, and iPBS Markers
Authors: Başak İbrahim , Muradoğlu Ferhad , Özer Göksel , Güler Emrah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the genetic diversity and relationships among different walnut genotypes using three molecular markers: RAPD, ISSR, and iPBS. The RAPD markers produced 23 polymorphic bands, with an average of 7.77 bands per primer and a 75.53% polymorphism rate. ISSR markers generated 22 polymorphic fragments, averaging 8.50 fragments per primer with a 75.65% polymorphism rate. iPBS markers yielded 65 bands, with 72.39% being polymorphic and an average of 11.75 fragments per primer. The PIC values were highest for RAPD markers (average 0.31), followed by ISSR (0.25) and iPBS markers (0.22). RAPD markers also had the highest resolving power (RP) with an average value of 4.93, followed by iPBS (4.80) and ISSR markers (3.90). The diversity parameters, particularly the number of effective alleles, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity, indicated that the ISSR marker system exhibits the highest genetic diversity among the walnut genotypes. The Mantel test results showed significant correlations among the marker types, especially between iPBS markers and the combined marker analysis, emphasizing the importance of integrating multiple marker systems for a comprehensive assessment of genetic diversity. Clustering and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed consistent genetic relationships and clustering patterns, with certain genotypes showing close genetic affiliations across all marker systems. This study emphasizes the value of using a combination of molecular markers to gain a thorough understanding of genetic variability in walnut genotypes, essential for conservation and breeding efforts. Future research should continue to use multiple marker systems to further understand the genetic structure and diversity in walnuts and other economically important species.