bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemikiran Abdulkarim Soroush tentang Persoalan Otoritas Kebenaran Agama
Authors: Badarussyamsi Badarussyamsi 
Published: September 2016

<p>This article discusses the thought of Abdulkarim Soroush on the relation between the truth claim of religious understanding and the emergence of religious authoritarianism. Truth claim can raise the tyranny of religion when there is an attempt at the ideologization of a religious understanding to political and power sphere. Some questions to be answered here include: why does religious truth claim emerge, and how does Soroush deconstruct religious truth claim? Why does Soroush reject the paradigm of religious ideologization, and how does he promote the democratization of the relation between religion and politics? This article reveals that religious truth claim emerge due to the absence of consciousness to distinguish between religious understanding which is temporal and profan and the very religion which is eternal and sacred. Attempts at ideologizing religion represent the lack of consciousness to distinguish between religion and politics, as this lack can degrade the divine value of religion to its worldly and human character. The ideologization of religion can result in tyranny in the name of religion, and accordingly give the monopoly of power to a certain religious understanding while rejecting others.</p>
Management großer Würfe in der Ferkelerzeugung
Authors: Wähner Martin , Kecman Jelena 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Anzahl lebend geborener Ferkel je Wurf zeigte in den zurückliegenden Jahren einen fortwährenden Anstieg. Nicht selten werden Ferkelzahlen je Wurf von 15, ja bis 20 registriert. Mit diesen steigenden Fruchtbarkeitsleistungen erhöhen sich einerseits die Anforderungen an die Sauen, die eine hohe Anzahl an gesunden und vitalen Ferkeln bis zum Absetzen verlustarm aufziehen sollen und andererseits an das Management im Abferkelbereich. Um die Ferkelverluste zu minimieren, eine hohe Wachstumsleistung der Tiere in großen Würfen zu erzielen und die laktierenden Sauen bis zum Absetzen der Ferkel in einem guten Gesundheits- und Konditionszustand zu behalten, erfordert es den Einsatz von unterschiedlichen und ausgefeilten Managementmaßnahmen in der Säugeperiode.
Bandscheibenveränderungen des Hundes in der bildgebenden Diagnostik
Authors: Harder Lisa K. 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDegenerative Bandscheibenveränderungen führen häufig zum Bandscheibenvorfall. Eine bildgebende Untersuchung ist zur Diagnosestellung unerlässlich. Als bildgebende Modalitäten kommen das Röntgen, die Computertomographie und die Magnetresonanztomographie infrage. Der Artikel liefert zunächst einen Überblick über die Physiologie und Pathologie der kaninen Bandscheibe auf makroskopischer und biochemischer Ebene. Anschließend werden physikalische Grundlagen sowie die Darstellung der Bandscheibendegeneration und des Bandscheibenvorfalls bei den verschiedenen bildgebenden Verfahren beschrieben.
ENGLISH WRITING SKILL ANALYSIS OF FIRST YEAR INDONESIAN TERTIARY STUDENTS IN A UNIVERSITY IN BANDUNG
Authors: Yuliana Dian , Imperiani Ernie D.A. , Kurniawan Eri 
Published: September 2016

Abstract This article reports a study on English writing skill of Indonesian tertiary students. The purpose of the study is to examine students’ initial ability in writing English compositions. The subjects of the study are 22 university students in their first year at English Language and Literature study program at one university in Bandung. The data are taken from students’ descriptive essays written in the classroom. The texts are then analyzed based on writing rubrics developed by Lane and Lange (1999) to see the recurrent global and local errors, supported by analytic writing rubrics proposed by Jacobs et al. (1981) to see the students’ writing ability in general. The results of the study show that the recurrent errors made in twenty-two English descriptive essays are singular/plural nouns for local errors and sentence structure for global errors. In terms of analytic view, errors in language use are the most frequent errors made by the students. The findings provide useful information for constructing teaching materials for English writing in this study program.Keywords: writing skill, descriptive text, composition scoring technique, analytic scoring technique, global and local errors. Abstrak Artikel ini melaporkan hasil kajian mengenai keterampilan menulis bahasa Inggris mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memotret kemampuan awal menulis mahasiswa dalam bahasa Inggris. Adapun subjek penelitian adalah 22 orang mahasiswa tingkat I di Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, di sebuah universitas di Bandung yang dipilih untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal mereka. Data diperoleh melalui karangan deskriptif yang ditulis di kelas.Teks dianalisis dengan menggunakan rubrik penilaian yang dikembangkan oleh Lane and Lange (1999) untuk tataran global dan lokal (global and local errors); dan rubrik penilaian analitik yang dikembangkan oleh Jacobs (1981) untuk melihat keterampilan menulis mahasiswa secara umum. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang paling banyak dilakukan mahasiswa pada tataran lokal terkait pemarka nomina tunggal dan jamak (singular/plural nouns), sedangkan pada tataran global, kesalahan pada struktur kalimat (sentence structure) merupakan kesalahan yang paling sering dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Dari sisi analitik, kesalahan pada penggunaan bahasa merupakan kesalahan yang paling sering ditemukan dalam kebanyakan tulisan mahasiswa.Hasil temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi penyusunan bahan ajar matakuliah menulis di lingkungan program studi. Kata kunci: keterampilan menulis, teks deskriptif, teknik penilaian tulisan, teknik penilaian analitik, kesalahan global dan local.
ANALYZING AUDIENCE AWARENESS IN ACADEMIC WRITING AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
Authors: Rahmat Noor Hanim 
Published: September 2016

Abstract The teaching of writing has undergone many stages over the years—from product approach, to process approach, and then to cognitive approach. Recently, the approaches to the teaching of writing have shifted to social orientation. Researchers are encouraged to write for specific audiences. We undergo through three basic writing stages: (a) planning, (b) translating and (c)evaluating. Generally all writers will undergo these three processes, but what differentiates one writer form the other is the way they behave in each process. Nevertheless, better writers write with the audience in mind and are more careful with their writing process. As such, audience awareness is a characteristic of skilled writers and some writers write with the audience, while some do not. This study explores the writing process and audience awareness of undergraduates who have undergone a semester of a course in research writing. Using a questionnaire as the instrument, the quantitative data reveal interesting implications towards the teaching of academic writing in higher institutions. Keywords: writers, writing process, audience awareness, research writing, undergraduates AbstrakPengajaran penulisan telah melalui banyak tahap selama beberapa tahun ini. Ia bermula dengan cara pengajaran secara produk, kemudian cara proses dan selepas itu secara kognitif. Kebelakangan ini, pengajaran penulisan telah berpaksikan orientasi sosial. Penulis disaran agar menulis dengan memikirkan pembaca yang berlainan. Lazimnya, penulis akan melalui tiga peringkat yang asas iaitu (a) perancangan, (b) penterjemahan, dan (c) penilaian. Secaranya, semua penulis akan melalui ketiga-tiga proses ini, yang berbeza Cuma cara setiap apa yang setiap penulis buat dalam setiap peringkat. Walau bagaimanapun, penulis yang lebih baik akan menulis dengan mengambil apa pembaca fikir dan akan lebih berhati-hati dalam proses penulisan. Kesedaran pembaca merupakan satu karekistik penulis yang mahir.Kajian ini mengkaji proses penulisan dan kesedaran pembaca di kalangan pelajar universiti. Pelajar-pelajar dalam kajian ini telah melalui satu semester kursus dalam penilisan kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan sola selidik sebagai instrument. Data kuantitatif ini akan menunjukkan penemuan yang menarik dalam pengajaran penulisan akademik di peringkat pengajian tinggi.Kata kunci: penulis, proses penulisan, kesedaran pembaca, penulisan kajian, pelajar university
CONTAMINACIÓN POR METALES PESADOS: IMPLICACIONES EN SALUD, AMBIENTE Y SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA
Authors: Reyes Yulieth C. , Vergara Inés , Torres Omar E. , Díaz Mercedes , González Edgar E. 
Published: September 2016

La contaminación por metales pesados y metaloides en recursos hídricos, suelos y aire plantea una de las más severas problemáticas que comprometen la seguridad alimentaria y salud pública a nivel global y local. En esta revisión, se aborda el problema específico de contaminación por mercurio (Hg), Arsénico (As), Cadmio (Cd) y Plomo (Pb) en ambiente y alimentos. Se presenta una descripción sobre las fuentes de contaminación y exposición en seres vivos así como la incorporación y retención en alimentos y productos de consumo humano. Se abordan casos de estudio y resultados obtenidos en algunos países del mundo incluido Colombia.
Tall Fescue Roadside Right‐of‐Way Mowing Reduction from Imazapic
Authors: Jeffries Matthew D. , Gannon Travis W. , Yelverton Fred H. 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Imazapic provided 100% tall fescue seedhead suppression through 56 d after treatment.
Imazapic reduced tall fescue mowing requirements by two cycles across 23‐ and 30‐cm intervention heights.
Imazapic application to tall fescue mown at 30‐cm intervention height required one mowing event through 70 d after treatment.
Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] is commonly established along roadside rights‐of‐way in adapted zones due to its tolerance of drought, heat, and wear; however, its upright growth habit coupled with seedhead production can impair motorist vision. Field research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 to quantify tall fescue mowing requirements following imazapic {(±)‐2‐[4,5‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)‐5‐oxo‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl]‐5‐methyl‐3‐pyridinecarboxylic acid}, an herbicide commonly used for plant growth regulation, application (53 g a.i. ha−1) alone, as well as tank‐mixed with clopyralid (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid) + triclopyr {[(3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid} (158 + 473 g a.i. ha−1). Plots were mown at a 23‐ or 30‐cm foliage intervention height following treatment. Nontreated‐mown and nontreated‐nonmown controls were included for comparisons. Evaluated herbicide treatments caused 0 to 20% tall fescue injury, which recovered following mowing. Additionally, imazapic provided 100% tall fescue seedhead suppression through 56 days after treatment (DAT). Imazapic reduced tall fescue mowing requirements at both intervention heights through 70 DAT. Two mowing cycles were reduced across intervention heights in 2013, while three and two cycles were reduced at 23 and 30 cm heights, respectively, in 2014. Lastly, imazapic + clopyralid + triclopyr application increased tall fescue cover 84 DAT. This information will allow vegetation managers to more efficiently allocate resources to maintain clear motorist sightlines on tall fescue roadside rights‐of‐way.
Soil Properties under Nitrogen‐ vs. Phosphorus‐Based Manure and Compost Management of Corn
Authors: Sadeghpour Amir , Ketterings Quirine M. , Vermeylen Francoise , Godwin Gregory S. , Czymmek Karl J. 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Annual application of manure to corn at P‐removal based rates will reduce P buildup over time.
Lowering manure and compost rates over time will impact SOM.
Tillage‐based incorporation of manure at lower rates will aid in N conservation but impact SOM buildup.
Concerns about P enrichment of soil, streams, and lakes, NH3 emissions from surface‐applied manure, and increasing N fertilizer costs have resulted in greater adoption of manure incorporation at rates that approximate P removal. A 5‐yr field study was conducted comparing the influence of annual spring applications of N‐ vs. P‐removal‐based compost (74 and 46 Mg ha−1 wet basis, respectively), liquid dairy manure (196 and 68 kL ha−1, respectively), and sidedress N fertilizer (0 and 112 kg ha−1) on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), respiration, NO3–N, and soil test P (STP) and K (STK) in a corn (Zea mays L.) silage cropping system on a calcareous central New York soil. Manure was incorporated with tillage in the P‐removal‐based system. After 5 yr, soil pH (0–20 cm) remained unchanged compared with its initial level in 2001 regardless of the application rate or source. In P‐based manure and inorganic N plots, SOM declined with time but increased by 4 g kg−1 with N‐based compost. Solvita CO2 respiration increased only for N‐based compost (41 g mg−1), which was greater than for P‐based manure (32 g mg−1) in April 2005. After 5 yr, topsoil (0–20 cm) STP and STK were greatest with N‐based compost and manure. These results show the benefits of compost application for SOM accumulation and respiration, the benefits of P‐based applications for management of STP and STK, and the negative impact on SOM because of tillage incorporation of manure at P‐based rates. Manure injection rather than tillage‐based incorporation might counteract this negative impact.
Construction of Minirhizotron Facilities for Investigating Root Zone Processes
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Vanderborght Jan , Klotzsche Anja , van der Kruk Jan , Neumann Joschka , Hermes Normen , Vereecken Harry 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Horizontal straight holes for rhizotube installation were bored by a homemade system.
Dynamics of root growth and soil moisture could be described by rhizotron facilities.
Soil moisture could be monitored by TDR and GPR approaches in rhizotron facilities.
Minimally invasive monitoring of root development and soil states (soil moisture, temperature) in undisturbed soils during a crop growing cycle is a challenging task. Minirhizotron (MR) tubes offer the possibility to view root development in situ with time. Two MR facilities were constructed in two different soils, stony vs. silty, to monitor root growth, root zone processes, and their dependence on soil water availability. To obtain a representative image of the root distribution, 7‐m‐long tubes were installed horizontally at 10‐, 20‐, 40‐, 60‐, 80‐, and 120‐cm depths. A homemade system was developed to install MR tubes in the silty soil in horizontally drilled straight holes. For the stony soil, the soil rhizotubes were installed in an excavated and subsequently backfilled pit. In both facilities, three subplots were established with different water treatments: rain sheltered, rainfed, and irrigated. To monitor soil moisture, water potential, and soil temperature, time domain reflectometer probes, tensiometers, and matrix water potential sensors were installed. Soil water content profiles in space and time were obtained between two MR tubes using cross‐hole ground‐penetrating radar along the tubes at different depths. Results from the first growing season of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after installation demonstrate that differences in root development, soil water, and temperature dynamics can be observed among the different soil types and water treatments. When combined with additional measurements of crop development and transpiration, these data provide key information that is essential to validate and parameterize root development and water uptake models in soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer models.
Critical Zone Research and Observatories: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Guo Li , Lin Henry 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Major findings in CZ science have been achieved in the past several years, especially from CZOs.
“Deep” science—deep time, deep depth, and deep coupling—is used to synthesize recent CZ studies.
Major opportunities include developing a global CZO network and a library of CZ models and databases.
The Critical Zone (CZ) is the thin layer of the Earth's terrestrial surface and near‐surface environment that ranges from the top of the vegetation canopy to the bottom of the weathering zone and plays fundamental roles in sustaining life and humanity. The past few years have seen a number of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) being developed following the first CZOs established in the United States in 2007. This update summarizes major research findings in CZ science achieved in the past 5 yr or so (2011–2016), especially those obtained from recognized CZOs. A conceptual framework of “deep” science—deep time, deep depth, and deep coupling—is used to synthesize recent CZ studies across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. This “deep” science concept emphasizes the integration of Earth surface processes that underlies the contributions of CZ science to terrestrial environmental research. We identify some main knowledge gaps and major opportunities to advance the frontiers of CZ science. We advocate that the CZ scientific community work toward a global network of CZOs to link sites, people, ideas, data, models, and tools. We hope that this update can stimulate continuous scientific advancement and practical applications of CZ science worldwide.
A Common Gene Variant in Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Interacts With Glucose Metabolism on Diabetic Dyslipidemia: the Combined CODAM and Hoorn Studies
Authors: Simons Nynke , Dekker Jacqueline M. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M.J. , Nijpels Giel , ’t Hart Leen M. , van der Kallen Carla J.H. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Brouwers Martijn C.G.J. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Small molecules that disrupt the binding between glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) are potential new glucose-lowering targets. They stimulate hepatic glucose disposal by increasing glucokinase activity in the liver. It can, however, be anticipated that increased hepatic glucokinase activity might be accompanied by the development of hypertriglyceridemia, particularly in type 2 diabetes. We examined whether the strength of association between rs1260326, a common, functional gene variant in GKRP, and plasma lipids is affected by glucose metabolism.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
rs1260326 was genotyped in subjects with normal glucose metabolism (n = 497), subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (n = 256), and patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 351) in the combined Hoorn and Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) studies.

RESULTS
The strength of association between the rs1260326 minor T allele and plasma triglycerides increased from normal glucose metabolism to impaired glucose metabolism to type 2 diabetes (P for interaction = 0.002). The inverse relation between rs1260326 and plasma HDL cholesterol was again most prominent in type 2 diabetes (P for interaction = 0.004). Similar trends were observed when the Hoorn and CODAM cohorts were analyzed separately. Comparable results were obtained when glucose metabolism strata were replaced by continuous indices of glucose metabolism, i.e., HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings illustrate that common gene variants, such as rs1260326, can have substantial effect sizes when they are studied in specific populations, such as type 2 diabetes. Moreover, our results shed light on potential side effects of small molecule disruptors of the GKRP-glucokinase complex, especially when glucose control is suboptimal.
CONSTRAINTS ON NON-FLAT COSMOLOGIES WITH MASSIVE NEUTRINOS AFTER PLANCK 2015
Authors: Chen Yun , Ratra Bharat , Biesiada Marek , Li Song , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate two dark energy cosmological models (i.e., the ΛCDM and ϕCDM models) with massive neutrinos assuming two different neutrino mass hierarchies in both the spatially flat and non-flat scenarios, where in the ϕCDM model the scalar field possesses an inverse power-law potential, V(ϕ) ∝ ϕ
−α
(α > 0). Cosmic microwave background data from Planck 2015, baryon acoustic oscillation data from 6dFGS, SDSS-MGS, BOSS-LOWZ and BOSS CMASS-DR11, the joint light-curve analysis compilation of SNe Ia apparent magnitude observations, and the Hubble Space Telescope H
0 prior, are jointly employed to constrain the model parameters. We first determine constraints assuming three species of degenerate massive neutrinos. In the spatially flat (non-flat) ΛCDM model, the sum of neutrino masses is bounded as Σm

ν
< 0.165(0.299) eV at 95% confidence level (CL). Correspondingly, in the flat (non-flat) ϕCDM model, we find Σm

ν
< 0.164(0.301) eV at 95% CL. The inclusion of spatial curvature as a free parameter results in a significant broadening of confidence regions for Σm

ν
and other parameters. In the scenario where the total neutrino mass is dominated by the heaviest neutrino mass eigenstate, we obtain similar conclusions to those obtained in the degenerate neutrino mass scenario. In addition, the results show that the bounds on Σm

ν
based on two different neutrino mass hierarchies have insignificant differences in the spatially flat case for both the ΛCDM and ϕCDM models; however, the corresponding differences are larger in the non-flat case.
PREDICTIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF GJ 1132b
Authors: Schaefer Laura , Wordsworth Robin D. , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Sasselov Dimitar 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
GJ 1132b is a nearby Earth-sized exoplanet transiting an M dwarf, and is among the most highly characterizable small exoplanets currently known. In this paper, we study the interaction of a magma ocean with a water-rich atmosphere on GJ 1132b and determine that it must have begun with more than 5 wt% initial water in order to still retain a water-based atmosphere. We also determine the amount of O2 that can build up in the atmosphere as a result of hydrogen dissociation and loss. We find that the magma ocean absorbs at most ∼10% of the O2 produced, whereas more than 90% is lost to space through hydrodynamic drag. The most common outcome for GJ 1132b from our simulations is a tenuous atmosphere dominated by O2, though, for very large initial water abundances, atmospheres with several thousands of bars of O2 are possible. A substantial steam envelope would indicate either the existence of an earlier H2 envelope or low XUV flux over the system’s lifetime. A steam atmosphere would also imply the continued existence of a magma ocean on GJ 1132b. Further modeling is needed to study the evolution of CO2 or N2-rich atmospheres on GJ 1132b.
Can simple models predict large-scale surface ocean isoprene concentrations?
Authors: Booge Dennis , Marandino Christa A. , Schlundt Cathleen , Palmer Paul I. , Schlundt Michael , Atlas Elliot L. , Bracher Astrid , Saltzman Eric S. , Wallace Douglas W. R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We use isoprene and related field measurements from three different ocean data sets together with remotely sensed satellite data to model global marine isoprene emissions. We show that using monthly mean satellite-derived chl a concentrations to parameterize isoprene with a constant chl a normalized isoprene production rate underpredicts the measured oceanic isoprene concentration by a mean factor of 19 ± 12. Improving the model by using phytoplankton functional type dependent production values and by decreasing the bacterial degradation rate of isoprene in the water column results in only a slight underestimation (factor 1.7 ± 1.2). We calculate global isoprene emissions of 0.21 Tg C for 2014 using this improved model, which is twice the value calculated using the original model. Nonetheless, the sea-to-air fluxes have to be at least 1 order of magnitude higher to account for measured atmospheric isoprene mixing ratios. These findings suggest that there is at least one missing oceanic source of isoprene and, possibly, other unknown factors in the ocean or atmosphere influencing the atmospheric values. The discrepancy between calculated fluxes and atmospheric observations must be reconciled in order to fully understand the importance of marine-derived isoprene as a precursor to remote marine boundary layer particle formation.