bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni chemotaxis receptor genes with multilocus sequence types and source of isolation
Authors: Mund Norah Lynn-Anne , Masanta Wycliffe Omurwa , Goldschmidt Anne-Marie , Lugert Raimond , Groß Uwe , Zautner Andreas E. 
Published: July 2016

Campylobacter jejuni’s flagellar locomotion is controlled by eleven chemoreceptors. Assessment of the distribution of the relevant chemoreceptor genes in the C. jejuni genomes deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database led to the identification of two previously unknown tlp genes and a tlp5 pseudogene. These two chemoreceptor genes share the same locus in the C. jejuni genome with tlp4 and tlp11, but the gene region encoding the periplasmic ligand binding domain differs significantly from other chemoreceptor genes. Hence, they were named tlp12 and tlp13.
Consequently, it was of interest to study their distribution in C. jejuni subpopulations of different clonality, and their cooccurrence with the eleven previously reported chemoreceptor genes. Therefore, the presence of all tlp genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 292 multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-typed C. jejuni isolates from different hosts.
The findings show interesting trends: Tlp4, tlp11, tlp12, and tlp13 appeared to be mutually exclusive and cooccur in a minor subset of isolates. Tlp4 was found to be present in only 33.56% of all tested isolates and was significantly less often detected in turkey isolates. Tlp11 was tested positive in only 17.8% of the isolates, while tlp12 was detected in 29.5% of all isolates, and tlp13 was found to be present in 38.7%.
A C-terminal coiled-coil region of CagL is responsible for Helicobacter pylori-induced IL-8 expression
Authors: Wiedemann Tobias , Hofbaur Stefan , Loell Eva , Rieder Gabriele 
Published: July 2016

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil-activating chemokine which triggers the infiltration and migration of neutrophils into areas of bacterial infection. Helicobacter pylori-infected patient studies as well as animal models have revealed that H. pylori type I strains carrying an intact cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) with a functional type IV secretion system (T4SS) induce IL-8 expression and secretion in gastric mucosa. This gastric mucosal IL-8 expression correlates with severe histological changes due to H. pylori infection.
In the present study, we explored a new recognition pattern on the bacterial adhesion protein CagL inducing IL-8 expression in H. pylori-infected host cells. To analyze the secreted IL-8 concentration, we performed IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To investigate the H. pylori-induced IL-8 expression on the transcriptional level, we transiently transfected gastric epithelial cells (AGS) with a human IL-8 luciferase reporter construct.
The results of this study demonstrate that specifically the C-terminal coiled-coil region of the H. pylori CagL protein, a protein described to be located on the tip of the T4SS-pilus, is responsible for several in vitro observations: 1) H. pylori-induced IL-8 secretion via the transforming growth factor (TGF)-α activated epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) signaling pathway; 2) H. pylori-induced elongation of the cells, a typical CagA-induced phenotype; and 3) the bridging of the T4SS to its human target cells. This novel bacterial-host recognition sequence allows a new insight into how H. pylori induces the inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells and facilitates the development of precancerous conditions.
Prospective Patient-Related Outcome Evaluation of Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Using a Validated Questionnaire
Authors: Sawyer Adam R. , Robinson Stephen , Cadier Michael 
Published: July 2016

Objective To evaluate patient satisfaction and quality of life following secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Design Prospective consecutive patient, single unit, single surgeon study. Setting Spires Cleft Centre, Salisbury, Wilshire, United Kingdom, and private practice. Patients, Participants 56 (27 secondary cleft rhinoplasty) patients completed evaluation forms preoperatively and 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Interventions Subjective assessment was performed using a validated Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire. This instrument comprises six questions that capture three quality-of-life domains: physical, mental/emotional, and social. Main Outcome Rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation scores were calculated (range = 0 to 100) to indication satisfaction with rhinoplasty outcomes. Results Average age was 28 years (range = 18 to 59 years). There was a significant subjective improvement in the total ROE evaluation scores from 28 ± 10 to 80 ± 11 ( P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Similar results were achieved in noncleft rhinoplasty 34 ± 9 to 84 ± 9 ( P < .01). Specific scores for nasal aesthetic appearance improved from 0.3 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.3 ( P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. No significant change was seen in breathing capacity in secondary cleft rhinoplasty (from 2.7 ± 0.3 to 3.2 ± 0.2; P = .29). All patients said they would undergo the procedure again. Conclusion Our results demonstrate high patient satisfaction after cleft rhinoplasty with particular regard to cosmetic appearance. These results are similar to those for noncleft rhinoplasty. We would recommend the use of this simple and quick validated outcome tool with all rhinoplasty patients.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Birth Prevalence of Orofacial Clefts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kadir Ayesha , Mossey Peter A. , Orth M. , Blencowe Hannah , Sowmiya Moorthie , Lawn Joy E. , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Modell Bernadette 
Published: July 2016

Background In the last comprehensive review of the literature published in 2002, little information on the prevalence of orofacial clefts was available from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective To analyze published data on the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate ( CL/P) from LMIC. Design Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of data from original papers on the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) in LMICs between 1990 and 2014. Secondary inclusion criteria were developed to analyze lower-quality studies from countries with scarce data. Main Outcome Measure Birth prevalence of undifferentiated CL/P (with or without associated syndrome or other anomaly). Results Twenty-eight studies met strict inclusion criteria. Among 31,475,278 total births, the pooled birth prevalence of undifferentiated CL/P was 1.38 per 1000 births (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 to 1.56). Four studies met criteria for secondary analysis, providing data on 75,627 births, with a pooled prevalence of 0.75 CL/P cases per 1000 births (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.95). Comparison of studies was limited by variable definitions of cases and of the reference population and by inconsistent reporting of outcomes. There is significant heterogeneity in the findings. Conclusions In LMICs, approximately 1 in every 730 children is born with CL/P. To optimize comparability across settings, future research should use a standard classification system and standard criteria for data collection and presentation. As clefting is associated with deprivation, understanding the true scale, risks, and preventive measures for orofacial clefts in LMIC is a matter of both scientific and humanitarian importance.
Mirror, Mirror on the Screen, What Does All this ASCII Mean?: A Pilot Study of Spontaneous Facial Mirroring of Emotions
Authors: O'Neill Brittney 
Published: July 2016

Though an ever-increasing mode of communication, computer-mediated communication (CMC) faces challenges in its lack of paralinguistic cues, such as vocal tone and facial expression. Researchers suggest that emoticons fill the gap left by facial expression (Rezabek & Cochenour, 1998; Thompson & Foulger, 1996). The fMRI research of Yuasa, Saito, and Mukawa (2011b), in contrast, finds that viewing ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) emoticons (e.g., :), :( ) does not activate the same parts of the brain as does viewing facial expressions. In the current study, an online survey was conducted to investigate the effects of emoticons on perception of ambiguous sentences and users’ beliefs about the effects of and reasons for emoticon use. In the second stage of the study, eleven undergraduate students participated in an experiment to reveal facial mimicry responses to both faces and emoticons. Overall, the students produced more smiling than frowning gestures. Emoticons were found to elicit facial mimicry to a somewhat lesser degree than photographs of faces, while male and female participants differed in response to both ASCII emoticons and distractor images (photos of non-human, non-facial subjects used to prevent participants from immediately grasping the specific goal of the study). This pilot study suggests that emoticons, though not analogous to faces, affect viewers in ways similar to facial expression whilst also triggering other unique effects.
Psicología, Bioética y Narrativa cinematográfica: un análisis cualitativo de producciones de estudiantes sobre conflictos bioéticos relacionados con la identidad
Authors: Cambra Badii Irene 
Published: July 2016

<p>En la actualidad, llegan a un público masivo series televisivas en las que se despliegan dilemas bioéticos de la práctica de los profesionales de la salud. <em>Objetivos</em>: a) analizar cómo ven estudiantes de grado distintas situaciones dilemáticas, sin conocimientos previos; b) interrogar en las elaboraciones de los estudiantes la cuestión de la identidad en relación a la dimensión genética y simbólica. <em>Métodos</em>: A través de un enfoque cualitativo y siguiendo la <em>Grounded Theory </em>para el análisis discursivo, realizamos dos etapas de trabajo: 1) Los estudiantes elaboraron escritos sobre la totalidad de los episodios de la serie <em>House</em>, 2) un grupo focal trabajó con un episodio a fines de indagar si reconocían una situación de ocultamiento filiatorio, y qué proponían que debía hacer el profesional. <em>Resultados</em>: Todos los escritos de los estudiantes coinciden en su profundidad en base a un material concreto de pocos minutos de duración, aún sin contar con conocimientos previos. En cuanto a la cuestión filiatoria, el trabajo fue complejo ya que la perspectiva psicológica y biomédica entran en conflicto. <em>Conclusión</em>: La narrativa cinematográfica incluye la dimensión subjetiva y nos permite abordar situaciones de modo complejo; actúa no sólo como estrategia didáctica sino como productora de aprendizajes nuevos. </p>
Dialogo bioética-derechos humanos y ética civil en el ejercicio de la ciudadanía: caso comunidad LGTB
Authors: Joya Ramirez Nohora 
Published: July 2016

<p>Este artículo analiza los discursos del ejercicio de la ciudadanía en la comunidad lgtb a partir del diálogo bioética-derechos humanos. A través de un estudio cualitativo, enmarcado dentro del paradigma comprensivo permitió a partir de los actores reconocer las subjetividades e intersubjetividades. La comprensión del fenómeno en estudio requirió de una aproximación hermenéutica para ser descrita e interpretada a partir de entrevistas a profundidad a ocho sujetos de la comunidad lgtb a través de análisis del discurso. Así pues, se observó que el ejercicio bioético de la ciudadanía en la comunidad lgtb está permeado por una sociedad machista heteronormativa y las instituciones fundamentalistas no reconocen la ciudadanía plena de las personas lgtb, se imponen jerarquías y poder, y se expresan y enseñan el estigma y la discriminación hacia los hombres y mujeres con diversidad sexual. A partir de esto se concluyó que las sociedades patriarcales, heterosexistas, misóginas y homofóbicas expresan claramente jerarquías de poder, estigma y discriminación, y de esta manera se inhibe el ejercicio de la ciudadanía de las personas con diversidad sexual y de género.</p>
A POLÍTICA DE HABITAÇÃO DE INTERESSE SOCIAL E A DIMENSÃO URBANA EM MUNICÍPIOS DA AMAZÔNIA/PARÁ
Authors: Ribeiro Rovaine 
Published: July 2016

O presente texto trata da relação entre a política urbana de habitação de interesse social no Brasil em seu período recente e a diversidade urbano-regional da Amazônia e em particular em alguns municípios do Pará. Nesse sentido, apontamos como questões centrais: a) A relação entre a política urbana de habitação de interesse social no Brasil e a diversidade urbano-regional dos municípios da Amazônia/Pará; b) O papel do Estado e a lógica das relações de poder no desenvolvimento de suas ações atreladas neste caso, ao desenvolvimento da política urbana. Assim faz-se necessário compreender o paradoxo entre o reconhecimento/não reconhecimento da <em>diversidade</em> urbano-regional e da população dos municípios brasileiros, visto que ao mesmo tempo em que a política prevê a contemplação do direito à cidade e da função social da cidade e da propriedade, a sua efetivação acaba por deixar <em>à margem</em> da cidade, exatamente aqueles sujeitos que têm suas realidades vividas construídas cotidianamente <em>na margem</em> do rio ou da estrada, e que veem essas <em>práticas espaciais</em> diversas e singulares, sendo homogeneizadas no âmbito do planejamento urbano através das representações que se criam desses espaços, mas que por sua vez constituem o espaço do possível, na medida em que são práticas espaciais residuais no/do urbano (LEFEBVRE, 2001)
O desenvolvimento econômico regional do Brasil
Authors: Klein Cristiane Fernanda , Ferrera de Lima Jandir 
Published: July 2016

A agroecologia ainda não forneceu instrumentos e critérios de análise para desenvolver estratégias locais ou regionais, onde os aspectos políticos e institucionais desempenhem um papel fundamental. Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para a superação dessas deficiências pela fundação teórica de como deveria ser a agroecologia envolvida na política. A agricultura familiar é o sujeito. É por meio dela que já se desenvolve a agroecologia, obtendo uma transição do modelo da agricultura tradicional, que traz a segurança alimentar para um modelo alternativo. Em primeiro lugar, argumenta-se que, como construção sócio ecológica, agroecossistemas é o produto de relações de poder. Em segundo lugar, mostra a estreita relação que a dinâmica dos agroecossistemas têm com a política e, portanto, o papel de destaque que ocupam no processo de transição agroecológica. É possível perceber a ausência de reflexões sobre a política da Agroecologia. Contudo, a amplitude dos movimentos agroecológicos e as experiências que são realizadas em diferentes níveis de ambos os governos locais e regionais aconselham o desenvolvimento por aspectos políticos da teoria agroecológica. Finalmente, tentada a um diagnóstico sob a situação do sistema global de alimentos, no qual o contexto das experiências agroecológicas deve ser desenvolvido.Palavras-Chave: Agroecologia, Sustentabilidade da Agricultura, Política Pública, Agroalimentar e Crise.ABSTRACTThe agroecology does not yet provide tools and analysis criteria to develop local and regional strategies, where political and institutional aspects play a key role. This article aims to contribute to overcoming these deficiencies by the theoretical foundation of how it should beAgroecology involved in politics. Family farming is the subject. It is through her that already develops agroecology, getting a transition from the model of traditional agriculture, which provides food security for an alternative model. First, it is argued that, as a socio-ecological construction, agro-ecosystems is the product of power relations. Secondly, it shows the close relationship that the dynamics of agro-ecosystems have with politics and therefore the important role they occupy in agroecological transition. Currently you can see that there isvery little reflection on the politics of Agroecology. However, the range of agroecological movements and experiences that are held at different levels of both local and regional governments advise the development of political aspects of agro-ecological theory. Finally, a diagnosis attempted under the situation of global food system, in which the context of agroecological experiments must be developed.Keywords: Agroecology, Sustainable Agriculture, Public Policy, Agribusiness and Crisis.
Religion, Education, and Social Transformation: With Reference to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
Authors: Mallayo Biniel 
Published: July 2016

Three key concepts, namely religion, education and social-transformation are discussed together in this paper. The main idea is to identify the contribution of religion, through education, to the transformation of Tanzanian society. For preciseness, this paper narrows to the only one body of denomination; that is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (ELCT). This does not disqualify the massive contributions from other religions, organizations as well as the government to the social transformation. An actual fact is that transformation is a complex phenomenon, since it is a process and a product of various internal and external factors. Which means; it is not easy to confine transformation to only one agent or factor or period. Although a great work is being done by religion to transform society; still the same critical questions are swinging in the whole discussion: How relevant is education in impacting a sustainable transformation? Is a seemingly transformation a product of education or a natural transformation that comes with globally related advancement? How do we rate transformation in the society where spiritualism overrules reason? All these questions are aimed to create awareness to both religions and other bodies that play a role for social transformation; to re-evaluate their system and methods of education for a more sustainable outcome. Este artigo discute três conceitos-chave: religião, educação e transformação social. Sua ideia principal é identificar a contribuição da religião, através da educação, para a transformação social na Tanzania. Para ser mais preciso, trata apenas de uma denominação: a Igreja Evangélica Luterana na Tanzania (IELT). Isto não desqualifica as contribuições massivas de outras religiões, organizações e o governo para transformação social. Um fato real é que a transformação é fenômeno complexo, pois é um processo e produto de vários fatores internos e externos. Isto significa que não fácil reduzir a transformação a apenas um agente, fator ou período. Muito trabalho está sendo feito para transformar a sociedade, mas ainda as mesmas questões críticas estão presentes em todas as discussões: Qual a relevância da educação para impactar uma transformação sustentável? A transformação é um produto da educação ou uma transformação natural que vem com o avanço globalmente relacionado? Como podemos avaliar a transformação numa sociedade em que o espiritualismo prevalece sobre a razão? Todas estas questões visam criar uma consciência tanto para a religião quanto os outros corpos que tem um papel na transformação social e reavaliar seu sistema e método de educação para um resultado mais sustentável.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) Menjadi Pupuk Kompos Cair Untuk Mengurangi Pencemaran Air dan Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Karangkimpul Kelurahan Kaligawe Kecamatan Gayamsari Kotamadya Semarang
Authors: Kusrinah Kusrinah , Nurhayati Alwiyah , Hayati Nur 
Published: July 2016

<p>Hyacinth (<em>Eichornia crassipes</em>) is known as one of the weeds that have grown high speed so potentially damaging to the aquatic environment. Presence at the water hyacinth has its own important values associated with the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems, namely as a producer. Community service activities aims to provide training and mentoring utilization of water hyacinth into liquid compost to reduce water pollution and improve the local economy Karangkimpul Village Kaligawe Gayamsari District Semarang City. Location of community service is an area of marsh overgrown with water hyacinth. Community service that has been taken is focused on how simple and appropriate technology can be used by the public through the processing of water hyacinth into products such as liquid compost. The debriefing is given in the form of the theory and practice of composting, packaging and product marketing strategies. Liquid compost product made from the water hyacinth is expected to support the national fertilizer demand and improve people's lives.</p><p>Eceng gondok (<em>Eichornia crassipes</em>) dikenal sebagai salah satu gulma yang memiliki kecepatan tumbuh yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi merusak lingkungan perairan. Keberadaan eceng gondok di perairan memiliki nilai penting tersendiri terkait dengan keberlangsungan ekosistem perairan yaitu sebagai produsen. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan pemanfaatan eceng gondok menjadi pupuk kompos cair untuk mengurangi pencemaran air dan meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Karangkimpul Kelurahan Kaligawe Kecamatan Gayamsari Kota Semarang. Lokasi pengabdian masyarakat merupakan daerah rawa yang banyak ditumbuhi eceng gondok. Pengabdian masyarakat yang telah ditempuh ini menitikberatkan pada bagaimana teknologi sederhana dan tepat guna dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat melalui pengolahan eceng gondok menjadi produk berupa pupuk kompos cair. Pembekalan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat berupa teori dan praktik pembuatan pupuk kompos, pengemasan dan strategi pemasaran produk. Produk pupuk kompos cair berbahan dasar eceng gondok diharapkan dapat mendukung kebutuhan pupuk nasional dan meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat Desa Karangkimpul Kecamatan Gayamsari Kota Semarang.</p>