bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis patients need and want information on exercise promotion from healthcare providers: a qualitative study
Authors: Learmonth Yvonne C. , Adamson Brynn C. , Balto Julia M. , Chiu Chung‐yi , Molina‐Guzman Isabel , Finlayson Marcia , Riskin Barry J. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing recognition of the benefits and safety of exercise and its importance in the comprehensive care of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet uptake is low.ObjectiveWe explored the needs and wants of patients with MS regarding exercise promotion through healthcare providers.Setting and participantsParticipants were adults with MS who had mild‐or‐moderate disability and a range of exercise levels. All participants lived in the Midwest of the United States.MethodsFifty semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. Two themes emerged, namely interactions between patients and healthcare providers and needs and wants of patients.ResultsAnalysis of participant accounts illustrate that current exercise promotion by healthcare providers does not meet patient needs and wants. The identified needs and wants of persons with MS involved (i) information and knowledge on the benefits of exercise and exercise prescription, (ii) materials to allow home and community exercise and (iii) tools for initiating and maintaining exercise behaviour.Discussion and conclusionPatients with MS frequently interact with healthcare providers and are generally unsatisfied with exercise promotion during interactions. Healthcare providers can address the low uptake of exercise among persons with MS by acting upon the identified unmet needs involving materials, knowledge and behaviour change strategies for exercise.
Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection with or without lauromacrogol for gastric varices: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Zeng Xiao‐Qing , Ma Li‐Li , Tseng Yu‐Jen , Chen Jie , Cui Chun‐Xiao , Luo Tian‐Cheng , Wang Jian , Chen Shi‐Yao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and AimCurrent guidelines recommend injection of cyanoacrylate as first‐line therapy to prevent gastric variceal rebleeding. The method still poses a risk of ectopic embolism, which possibly correlates with the volume of cyanoacrylate used. In this trial, we evaluated the short‐term efficacy and safety of tissue adhesive injection combined with lauromacrogol for treating gastric varices.MethodsPatients admitted to our hospital for variceal hemorrhage were enrolled and blindly randomized into two treatment groups: lauromacrogol group (lauromacrogol‐cyanoacrylate‐lauromacrogol) and lipiodol group (lipiodol‐cyanoacrylate‐lipiodol). Patient follow‐up was 6 months. Primary outcome was rebleeds, and secondary outcomes were mortality, gastric varices eradication, and treatment‐related adverse events.ResultsBetween March 6, 2013 and October 16, 2013, 96 patients met the criteria. Two cases were lost to follow‐up, and all treated cases were successful. No procedural‐related adverse events were observed in either group. Cyanoacrylate volumes used in the lauromacrogol group were significantly less than those of the lipiodol group (0.9 ± 0.5 vs 2.0 ± 1.2 mL, P = 0.000). Eleven patients developed upper gastrointestinal rebleeding, which did not show significant difference between groups. On multivaritate analysis, portal venous thrombosis and fever were potential risk factors of rebleeding. Treatment failure, complications, gastric varices obturation, and survival did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionTissue adhesives combined with lauromacrogol is a safe therapeutic option for gastric varices, with comparably less cyanoacrylate volume used. Because of the small number of study patients, it cannot be proven to have better efficacy than without lauromacrogol. Multicenter studies with larger patient groups are necessary.
Intravenous leiomyomatosis treated with radical hysterectomy and adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Mizoguchi Chiharu , Matsumoto Harunobu , Nasu Kaei , Arakane Motoki , Kai Kentaro , Narahara Hisashi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL), a rare disease that is histologically benign but clinically aggressive, is characterized by the intraluminal growth of benign leiomyoma in the intrauterine and systemic veins. Preoperative diagnosis of IVL is difficult, because the symptoms of early stage IVL are similar to those of uterine leiomyoma. The efficacy of adjuvant hormone therapy after surgical resection of IVL remains unclear. Herein is described a case of IVL that was diagnosed preoperatively, in which successful total resection of the tumor was achieved by radical hysterectomy. The patient, a 50‐year‐old premenopausal Japanese woman, also underwent aromatase inhibitor treatment and was free of disease at 36 months after surgery. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography is suggested as the best assessment for identifying and diagnosing IVL. Radical hysterectomy can be considered a successful therapy for total resection. Aromatase inhibitor treatment may be effective, especially when the patient has not yet entered menopause.
Impact melting of the largest known enstatite meteorite: Al Haggounia 001, a fossil EL chondrite
Authors: Rubin Alan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAl Haggounia 001 and paired specimens (including Northwest Africa [NWA] 2828 and 7401) are part of a vesicular, incompletely melted, EL chondrite impact melt rock with a mass of ~3 metric tons. The meteorite exhibits numerous shock effects including (1) development of undulose to weak mosaic extinction in low‐Ca pyroxene; (2) dispersion of metal‐sulfide blebs within silicates causing “darkening”; (3) incomplete impact melting wherein some relict chondrules survived; (4) vaporization of troilite, resulting in S2 bubbles that infused the melt; (5) formation of immiscible silicate and metal‐sulfide melts; (6) shock‐induced transportation of the metal‐sulfide melt to distances >10 cm; (7) partial resorption of relict chondrules and coarse silicate grains by the surrounding silicate melt; (8) crystallization of enstatite in the matrix and as overgrowths on relict silicate grains and relict chondrules; (9) crystallization of plagioclase from the melt; and (10) quenching of the vesicular silicate melt. The vesicular samples lost almost all of their metal during the shock event and were less susceptible to terrestrial weathering; in contrast, the samples in which the metal melt accumulated became severely weathered. Literature data indicate the meteorite fell ~23,000 yr ago; numerous secondary phases formed during weathering. Both impact melting and weathering altered the meteorite's bulk chemical composition: e.g., impact melting and loss of a metal‐sulfide melt from NWA 2828 is responsible for bulk depletions in common siderophile elements and in Mn (from alabandite); weathering of oldhamite caused depletions in many rare earth elements; the growth of secondary phases caused enrichments in alkalis, Ga, As, Se, and Au.
The genetic architecture of local adaptation and reproductive isolation in sympatry within the Mimulus guttatus species complex
Authors: Ferris Kathleen G. , Barnett Laryssa L. , Blackman Benjamin K. , Willis John H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe genetic architecture of local adaptation has been of central interest to evolutionary biologists since the modern synthesis. In addition to classic theory on the effect size of adaptive mutations by Fisher, Kimura and Orr, recent theory addresses the genetic architecture of local adaptation in the face of ongoing gene flow. This theory predicts that with substantial gene flow between populations local adaptation should proceed primarily through mutations of large effect or tightly linked clusters of smaller effect loci. In this study, we investigate the genetic architecture of divergence in flowering time, mating system‐related traits, and leaf shape between Mimulus laciniatus and a sympatric population of its close relative M. guttatus. These three traits are probably involved in M. laciniatus’ adaptation to a dry, exposed granite outcrop environment. Flowering time and mating system differences are also reproductive isolating barriers making them ‘magic traits’. Phenotypic hybrids in this population provide evidence of recent gene flow. Using next‐generation sequencing, we generate dense SNP markers across the genome and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in flowering time, flower size and leaf shape. We find that interspecific divergence in all three traits is due to few QTL of large effect including a highly pleiotropic QTL on chromosome 8. This QTL region contains the pleiotropic candidate gene TCP4 and is involved in ecologically important phenotypes in other Mimulus species. Our results are consistent with theory, indicating that local adaptation and reproductive isolation with gene flow should be due to few loci with large and pleiotropic effects.
Location Optimization of Road Weather Information System (RWIS) Network Considering the Needs of Winter Road Maintenance and the Traveling Public
Authors: Kwon Tae J. , Fu Liping , Melles Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study presents an innovative approach to the planning of a critical highway sensor infrastructure ‐ road weather information system (RWIS). The problem is formulated to minimize the spatially averaged kriging variance of hazardous road surface conditions while maximizing the coverage of accident‐prone areas. This optimization framework takes explicit account of the value of information from an RWIS network, providing the potential to enhance the overall efficacy of winter maintenance operations and the safety of the travelers. Spatial simulated annealing is used to solve the resulting optimization problem and its performance is demonstrated using a real‐world case study from Minnesota, United States. The case study illustrates the distinct features of the proposed model, assesses the effectiveness of the current location setting, and recommends additional stations locations. The findings of our study suggest that the proposed model could become a valuable decision‐support tool for planning a new RWIS network and evaluating the performance of alternative RWIS expansion plans.
PfRH2b specific monoclonal antibodies inhibit merozoite invasion
Authors: Aniweh Yaw , Gao Xiaohong , Gunalan Karthigayan , Preiser Peter R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryErythrocyte invasion by merozoite is a multistep process involving multiple ligand–receptor interactions. The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homologues (PfRHs) consists of five functional members. The differential expression of PfRHs has been linked to the utilization of different invasion pathways by the merozoites as well as a mechanism of immune evasion. PfRHs are expressed at the apical end of merozoite and form interactions with distinct red blood cell (RBC) surface receptors that are important for successful invasion. Here we show that PfRH2b undergoes processing before and during merozoite invasion. The different processed fragments bind to chymotrypsin sensitive RBC surface receptors. We also show that PfRH2b follows the merozoite tight junction during invasion. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit merozoites invasion by blocking tight junction formation. mAbs binding to PfRH2b block merozoites intracellular Ca2+ signal necessary for EBA175 surface expression. The data suggests that a conserved function of PfRHs, where their interaction with RBC surface receptors facilitated recruitment of EBA175 and other tight junction proteins necessary for merozoite invasion by modulating merozoite intracellular Ca2+ signals.
Barriers and facilitators to opportunistic chronic kidney disease screening by general practice nurses
Authors: Sinclair Peter M , Day Jenny , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Kable Ashley 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimOpportunistic screening in general practice (GP) is a cost‐effective and viable approach to the early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators to CKD screening practices of GP nurses working in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia.MethodsAn eight‐item elicitation questionnaire informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour was administered to a convenience sample of 26 GP nurses.ResultsParticipants identified that the advantages of CKD screening were its early detection and treatment, the reduction of disease burden, and the opportunity to increase awareness and provide disease prevention education. These positive attitudinal beliefs were offset by negative beliefs about the impost of opportunistic screening on nursing time, particularly when there were other competing clinical priorities. Participants reported that practice doctors were wary of the financial costs associated with additional non‐claimable services and believed that unfunded services, regardless of patient benefit, were difficult to justify in a private business environment. Screening was enabled in GP settings with existing screening protocols or initiatives, and when patients presented with known risk factors. Barriers to screening were more frequently described and illustrated a strong focus on financial aspects of GP. Without reimbursement through the Medicare Benefits Scheme, screening was not considered an economical use of nursing time. Other competing and billable clinical services took precedence.ConclusionThe findings of this study can be used to inform the development and evaluation of interventions that target opportunistic CKD screening in the GP setting.
Liver transplantation for homozygote familial hypercholesterolemia: the only curative treatment
Authors: Alim Altan , Tokat Yaman , Erdogan Yalcin , Gokkaya Zafer , Dayangac Murat , Yuzer Yildiray , Oezcelik Arzu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFH is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by increased TC and LDL level, which leads to xanthomas, atherosclerosis, and cardiac complications even in childhood. The treatment options are diet, medical treatment, lipid apheresis, and LT. The aim of our study was to analyze our data of patients with FH. Between 2004 and 2015, there were 51 patients who underwent pediatric LT at our center. All patients with FH were identified, and the data were retrospectively analyzed. There were eight patients with homozygous FH in the median age of 10 years (IQR 6–12) who underwent LT. The median pre‐operative TC and LDL levels were 611 mg/dL (IQR: 460–844) and 574 mg/dL (IQR: 398–728) and decreased to normal levels 1 week after LT (TC: 193 mg/dL and LDL: 141 mg/dL). Two patients died two and 18 months after LT due to sudden cardiac arrest. Both patients were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease pre‐operatively. The LT is the only curative treatment for this disease. To achieve an excellent outcome, it should be performed before the development of cardiovascular disease, because the regression of severe cardiovascular disease after transplantation is limited.
Foreign Aid, Incentives and Efficiency: Can Foreign Aid Lead to the Efficient Level of Investment?
Authors: Kumar Alok 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper develops a two‐period model in which the recipient faces borrowing constraint and the donor is a Stackelberg follower to address two important policy questions: (i) whether foreign aid can lead to the efficient level of capital investment in the recipient country and (ii) how does the form (e.g. budgetary transfers, capital transfer) and the timing of aid affect the recipient's financial savings and capital investment. It finds that the disincentive effect of the capital transfer on the capital investment by the recipient is larger than the budgetary transfers. It makes financial savings more attractive relative to the capital investment for the recipient. In the absence of capital transfer, the multi‐period budgetary transfers not only lead to the efficient level of capital investment by the recipient, but also achieve the same allocation as under commitment. The capital transfer can lead to the efficient level of capital investment, but in this case, it completely crowds out the recipient's own capital investment.
The importance of SERINE DECARBOXYLASE1 (SDC1) and ethanolamine biosynthesis during embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yunus Ian Sofian , Liu Yu‐chi , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn plants, ethanolamine is considered a precursor for the synthesis of choline, which is an essential dietary nutrient for animals. An enzyme serine decarboxylase (SDC) has been identified and characterized in Arabidopsis, which directly converts serine to ethanolamine, a precursor to phosphorylethanolamine and its subsequent metabolites in plants. However, the importance of SDC and ethanolamine production in plant growth and development remains unclear. Here, we show that SDC is required for ethanolamine biosynthesis in vivo and essential in plant embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. The knockout of SDC1 caused an embryonic lethal defect due to the developmental arrest of the embryos at the heart stage. During embryo development, the expression was observed at the later stages, at which developmental defect occurred in the knockout mutant. Overexpression of SDC1 in planta increased levels of ethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine both in leaves and siliques. These results suggest that SDC1 plays an essential role in ethanolamine biosynthesis during the embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Spatial and numerical analysis of the parameters influencing potential for potable water savings made using rainwater harvesting: case of the Paris agglomeration
Authors: Belmeziti Ali , Gouvello Bernard de 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe quantity of Potential for Potable Water Savings (PPWS) made using rainwater harvesting differs between municipalities within the same region. Three main parameters contribute to this difference: roof area, the number of inhabitants and rainwater use scenarios. This article proposes a spatial and numerical analysis of how these parameters influence PPWS across municipalities in the Paris agglomeration. A comparison between the location of the municipalities, the PPWS value and the values for the previous parameters was used to understand the observed difference. The spatial analysis shows that municipalities (districts) in the Paris have the highest PPWS values, on the contrary, the peripheral municipalities in the outer suburbs have the lowest PPWS values and the results for the intermediary municipalities—in the inner suburbs—are contrasting. The numerical analysis demonstrates a strong correlation between the main parameters influencing the PPWS value; where a high value for the “roof area” means a high value for the “number of inhabitants” and a good mix of rainwater “use scenarios,” and vice‐versa. In conclusion, the planning and design of the municipality—building density, types of buildings, number of inhabitants, the city's vocation—are key factors in defining the level of PPWS made using rainwater harvesting.
Deciphering the Principles of Bacterial Nitrogen Dietary Preferences: a Strategy for Nutrient Containment
Authors: Wang Jilong , Yan Dalai , Dixon Ray , Wang Yi-Ping 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

A fundamental question in microbial physiology concerns why organisms prefer certain nutrients to others. For example, among different nitrogen sources, ammonium is the preferred nitrogen source, supporting fast growth, whereas alternative nitrogen sources, such as certain amino acids, are considered to be poor nitrogen sources, supporting much slower exponential growth. However, the physiological/regulatory logic behind such nitrogen dietary choices remains elusive. In this study, by engineering
Escherichia coli
, we switched the dietary preferences toward amino acids, with growth rates equivalent to that of the wild-type strain grown on ammonia. However, when the engineered strain was cultured together with wild-type
E. coli
, this growth advantage was diminished as a consequence of ammonium leakage from the transport-and-catabolism (TC)-enhanced (TCE) cells, which are preferentially utilized by wild-type bacteria. Our results reveal that the nitrogen regulatory (Ntr) system fine tunes the expression of amino acid transport and catabolism components to match the flux through the ammonia assimilation pathway such that essential nutrients are retained, but, as a consequence, the fast growth rate on amino acids is sacrificed.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria exhibit different growth rates under various nutrient conditions. These environmentally related behaviors reflect the coordination between metabolism and the underlying regulatory networks. In the present study, we investigated the intertwined nitrogen metabolic and nitrogen regulatory systems to understand the growth differences between rich and poor nitrogen sources. Although maximal growth rate is considered to be evolutionarily advantageous for bacteria (as remarked by François Jacob, who said that the “dream” of every cell is to become two cells), we showed that negative-feedback loops in the regulatory system inhibit growth rates on amino acids. We demonstrated that in the absence of regulatory feedback, amino acids are capable of supporting fast growth rates, but this results in ammonia leaking out from cells as “waste,” benefiting the growth of competitors. These findings provide important insights into the regulatory logic that controls metabolic flux and ensures nutrient containment but consequently sacrifices growth rate.
Effector Protein Cig2 Decreases Host Tolerance of Infection by Directing Constitutive Fusion of Autophagosomes with the
Coxiella
-Containing Vacuole
Authors: Kohler Lara J. , Reed Shawna R. , Sarraf Shireen A. , Arteaga David D. , Newton Hayley J. , Roy Craig R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Coxiella burnetii
replicates in an acidified lysosome-derived vacuole. Biogenesis of the
Coxiella
-containing vacuole (CCV) requires bacterial effector proteins delivered into host cells by the Dot/Icm secretion system. Genetic and cell biological analysis revealed that an effector protein called Cig2 promotes constitutive fusion of autophagosomes with the CCV to maintain this compartment in an autolysosomal stage of maturation. This distinguishes the CCV from other pathogen-containing vacuoles that are targeted by the host autophagy pathway, which typically confers host resistance to infection by delivering the pathogen to a toxic lysosomal environment. By maintaining the CCV in an autolysosomal stage of maturation, Cig2 enabled CCV homotypic fusion and enhanced bacterial virulence in the
Galleria mellonella
(wax moth) model of infection by a mechanism that decreases host tolerance. Thus,
C. burnetii
residence in an autolysosomal organelle alters host tolerance of infection, which indicates that Cig2-dependent manipulation of a lysosome-derived vacuole influences the host response to infection.

IMPORTANCE
Coxiella burnetii
is an obligate, intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates inside a unique, lysosome-like compartment called the
Coxiella
-containing vacuole (CCV). Over 130 bacterial effector proteins are delivered into the host cell cytosol by the
C. burnetii
Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Although the Dot/Icm system is essential for pathogenesis, the functions of most effectors remain unknown. Here we show that the effector protein Cig2 is essential for converting the CCV to an organelle that is similar to the autolysosome. Cig2 function promotes constitutive fusion between the CCV and autophagosomes generated by selective autophagy. Cig2-directed biogenesis of an autolysosomal vacuole is essential for the unique fusogenic properties of the CCV and for virulence in an animal model of disease. This work highlights how bacterial subversion of the host autophagy pathway can influence the cell biological properties of the CCV and influence the host response to infection.