bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified partial least square for diagnosing key‐performance‐indicator‐related faults
Authors: He Siyuan , Wang Youqing , Liu Changqing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStandard partial least square (PLS) is a useful tool for process monitoring; however, it still encounters some problems for the diagnosis of key performance indicator (KPI) faults. One of its recent modifications, improved PLS (IPLS), decomposes the process measurements into KPI‐related and KPI‐unrelated parts according to the correlation matrix obtained from the standard PLS. The entire residual space of PLS is categorized as the IPLS's KPI‐unrelated part. However, the residual space still involves some information related to KPI, and hence IPLS's decomposition may be inappropriate. In this study, a new modified PLS is proposed, which also decomposes the residual space according to the KPI. The loadings of input data are first decomposed to obtain a projection model. Next, the input data are more appropriately decomposed into KPI‐related and KPI‐unrelated parts. Correspondingly, two statistic indices can be designed for fault diagnosis. A numerical example and the Tennessee‐Eastman (TE) benchmark process are utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
Learning the way to the cloud: Big Data Park
Authors: Marchiori Massimo 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBig data and cloud systems are two crucial components of modern computing, but they are also a challenge to learn, as they change the basic assumptions of computing, and as such the mental habits that are proper of classical computing teaching. In other words, beyond a technical revolution, we first and foremost are in the presence of a mental revolution. For this reason, we think it is essential to help students to change their mental habits as early as possible and become familiar with at least the basic notions of distributed storage and cloud computing. In this paper, we introduce the Big Data Park system, which has been developed with an ambitious task in mind: gently introduce K‐12 kids to the basics of big data and cloud computing, helping them to be part of this revolution. We report on the creation of the system, the challenges, and also the impact on higher K‐18 education. The results, extensively tested in the field with a wide variety of kids and children, have been extremely successful, thanks also to advanced educational techniques like gamification. Moreover, the development and testing of the project have also provided valuable insights for the general problem of education of big data computing.
The impact of checkpointing interval selection on the scheduling performance of real‐time fine‐grained parallel applications in SaaS clouds under various failure probabilities
Authors: Stavrinides Georgios L. , Karatza Helen D. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAs the adoption of Software as a Service (SaaS) cloud computing continues to gain momentum, the arising challenges of scheduling parallel applications on such platforms need to be addressed. Due to the complexity and the fine‐grained parallelism of the workload, as well as the multi‐tenancy of the underlying host environment, end‐user applications are usually prone to transient software failures. Therefore, fault tolerance is one of the most crucial aspects of scheduling in SaaS clouds. It is usually achieved through application‐directed checkpointing. However, selecting an appropriate checkpointing interval is not a trivial task. Unnecessary frequent checkpointing may degrade the system performance. On the other hand, infrequent checkpointing may lead to greater recovery time and thus poorer performance. Consequently, the checkpointing interval must be selected taking into account the failure probability, as well as the nature of the workload. Towards this direction, we investigate via simulation the impact of checkpointing interval selection on the performance of a SaaS cloud, where fine‐grained parallel applications with firm deadlines and approximate computations are scheduled for execution, under various failure probabilities. The simulation results are analyzed, in an attempt to shed light on the relation between the checkpointing interval and failure probability.
Are experiences of psychosis associated with unhelpful metacognitive coping strategies? A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Sellers Rachel , Wells Adrian , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: August 2017

This review investigated whether unhelpful metacognitive coping strategies, such as attentional biases, worry, rumination, and thought control, are associated with experiences of psychosis. These processes, known collectively as the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS), form a central tenet of the Self‐Regulatory Executive Function model. Three research questions based on assumptions underlying the CAS were addressed. It was predicted that processes of (a) self‐focused processing, (b) negative perseverative thinking (worry and rumination), and (c) counterproductive thought control would be associated with experiences of psychosis. A comprehensive search of the literature identified 51 eligible studies: 17 investigated self‐focused attention, 25 investigated perseverative processing (worry: n = 18; rumination: n = 10), and 9 investigated thought control strategies. Findings indicated that unhelpful metacognitive coping strategies associated with the CAS are related to experiences of psychosis and appear to share important relationships with distress. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica for Catalysis, Energy Harvesting, Carbon Dioxide Mitigation, Drug Delivery, and Sensing
Authors: Maity Ayan , Polshettiwar Vivek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMorphology‐controlled nanomaterials such as silica play a crucial role in the development of technologies for addressing challenges in the fields of energy, environment, and health. After the discovery of Stöber silica, followed by that of mesoporous silica materials, such as MCM‐41 and SBA‐15, a significant surge in the design and synthesis of nanosilica with various sizes, shapes, morphologies, and textural properties has been observed in recent years. One notable invention is dendritic fibrous nanosilica, also known as KCC‐1. This material possesses a unique fibrous morphology, unlike the tubular porous structure of various conventional silica materials. It has a high surface area with improved accessibility to the internal surface, tunable pore size and pore volume, controllable particle size, and, importantly, improved stability. Since its discovery, a large number of studies have been reported concerning its use in applications such as catalysis, solar‐energy harvesting, energy storage, self‐cleaning antireflective coatings, surface plasmon resonance‐based ultrasensitive sensors, CO2 capture, and biomedical applications. These reports indicate that dendritic fibrous nanosilica has excellent potential as an alternative to popular silica materials such as MCM‐41, SBA‐15, Stöber silica, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This Review provides a critical survey of the dendritic fibrous nanosilica family of materials, and the discussion includes the synthesis and formation mechanism, applications in catalysis and photocatalysis, applications in energy harvesting and storage, applications in magnetic and composite materials, applications in CO2 mitigation, biomedical applications, and analytical applications.
Postbreeding elevational movements of western songbirds in Northern California and Southern Oregon
Authors: Wiegardt Andrew , Wolfe Jared , Ralph C. John , Stephens Jaime L. , Alexander John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMigratory species employ a variety of strategies to meet energetic demands of postbreeding molt. As such, at least a few species of western Neotropical migrants are known to undergo short‐distance upslope movements to locations where adults molt body and flight feathers (altitudinal molt migration). Given inherent difficulties in measuring subtle movements of birds occurring in western mountains, we believe that altitudinal molt migration may be a common yet poorly documented phenomenon. To examine prevalence of altitudinal molt migration, we used 29 years of bird capture data in a series of linear mixed‐effect models for nine commonly captured species that breed in northern California and southern Oregon. Candidate models were formulated a priori to examine whether elevation and distance from the coast can be used to predict abundance of breeding and molting birds. Our results suggest that long‐distance migrants such as Orange‐crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata) moved higher in elevation and Audubon's Warbler (Setophaga coronata) moved farther inland to molt after breeding. Conversely, for resident and short‐distance migrants, we found evidence that birds either remained on the breeding grounds until they finished molting, such as Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) or made small downslope movements, such as American Robin (Turdus migratorius). We conclude that altitudinal molt migration may be a common, variable, and complex behavior among western songbird communities and is related to other aspects of a species’ natural history, such as migratory strategy.
Changes in Olive Paste Composition During Decanter Feeding and Effects on Oil Yield
Authors: Guerrini Lorenzo , Masella Piernicola , Angeloni Giulia , Migliorini Marzia , Parenti Alessandro 
Published: August 2017

In olive oil production, olive paste is fed into a decanter in order to separate the oil from solids. The decanter is usually fed by a mohno or lobe pump. In this study, we analyze the composition of olive paste and pomace at the beginning, middle, and end of decanter feeding. The results show a change in paste composition with the two types of pumps. In both cases, olive paste contains a higher percentage of water and oil at the beginning of decanter feeding than at the end. This phenomenon is probably related to the different viscosity of the three components in the system. Furthermore, as the level for the recovery of olive oil is fixed, the change in the solid/liquid ratio causes product loss. This loss is demonstrated and quantified through the measurement of pomace oil content. Practical Applications: The paper quantifies the effect of the olive paste transport from malaxers to decanter on the olive oil yield. The transport causes a change in the relative composition among oil, water, and solids. The decanter centrifuge is not able to separate efficiently paste with different compositions. This causes marked product losses. The presented data could lead to the development of a control system able to limit the losses.In this study the ratio of solids, water and oil in the olive paste at the beginning, middle, and end of decanter feeding are tested. Change in paste composition with the two types of pumps. Olive paste contains a higher percentage of water and oil at the beginning of decanter feeding than at the end. The level for the recovery of oil is fixed and the change in the ratio causes product loss that is quantified through the measurement of pomace oil content.
A Hydrogen–Bromate Flow Battery for Air‐Deficient Environments
Authors: Modestov Alexander D. , Konev Dmitry V. , Tripachev Oleg V. , Antipov Anatoly E. , Tolmachev Yury V. , Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA concept of high energy density (ED) hydrogen–bromate flow battery was supported by experiments with flow cells with 0.1 to 50 cm2 apparent areas. H2/NaBrO3 flow cells with H2 gas diffusion anode, proton exchange membrane (PEM), and carbonaceous flow‐by or flow‐through cathodes were employed. Estimates show that the theoretical ED of the H2/bromate flow battery (HBFB) exceeds the ED of H2/O2 fuel cells (FC) in air‐deficient environments. At the cathode of the HBFB, aqueous, concentrated bromate (non‐toxic, and stable) is reduced to bromide by a six‐electron process. 100 % conversion of BrO3− to Br− can be achieved. Although acidification of the BrO3− electrolyte is a prerequisite, the acid concentration in the electrolyte feed can be optimized as a trade‐off between area specific power (P) of the HBFB and its complexity.
An approach for shake table performance evaluation during repair and retrofit actions
Authors: Trautner Christopher , Zheng Yewei , McCartney John S. , Hutchinson Tara 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLarge‐scale, servo‐hydraulic shake tables are a central fixture of many earthquake engineering and structural dynamics laboratories. Wear and component failure from frequent use may lead to control problems resulting in reduced motion fidelity, necessitating repairs and replacement of major components. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate shake table performance pre‐ and post‐repair, including the definition of important performance metrics. The strategy suggested is presented in the context of the rebuilding of a 4.9 × 3.1 m, 350‐kN‐capacity uniaxial shake table. In this case, the rebuild consisted of characterization of wear to table components, replacement of worn bearing surfaces, and replacement of hydraulic accumulators. To assess the effectiveness of the repair actions, sinusoidal and triangular waves, white noise, and earthquake histories were run on the table before and after the rebuild. The repair actions were successful in reducing the position and velocity dependence of friction, improving the ability of control algorithms to accurately reproduce earthquake motions. The maximum and average response spectral misfits in the period range of 0.1–2 seconds were reduced from approximately 50% to 15%, and from 5% to less than 2.5%, respectively.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Mirogabalin in Japanese Subjects With Varying Degrees of Renal Impairment
Authors: Kato Manabu , Tajima Naoyuki , Shimizu Takako , Sugihara Masahiro , Furihata Kenichi , Harada Kazuhiro , Ishizuka Hitoshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMirogabalin (DS‐5565) is a novel preferentially selective α2δ‐1 ligand being developed for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and postherpetic neuralgia. The current multicenter open‐label study determined the effect of varying degrees of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of mirogabalin 5 mg in Japanese subjects. A total of 30 subjects (6 subjects per renal function category [normal, mild, moderate, or severe impairment; and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD)]) were enrolled and completed the study. The AUClastincreased with severity of renal impairment; the geometric least‐squares mean ratios of AUClastcompared with subjects with normal renal function were 1.3, 1.9, 3.6, and 5.3 for patients with mild, moderate, and severe impairment and ESRD, respectively. In accordance with this AUClastincrease, apparent total body clearance (CL/F), renal clearance (CLr), and the cumulative percentage of mirogabalin dose excreted into urine all decreased with severity of renal impairment. There were no deaths and no severe treatment‐related adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, or TEAEs resulting in study discontinuation. Mirogabalin was well tolerated in Japanese subjects with normal renal function and those with mild to severe renal impairment. It was also tolerated in subjects with ESRD but with a higher incidence of TEAEs. The most frequently reported TEAEs were dizziness (ESRD, n = 3), somnolence (ESRD, n = 2), and vomiting (ESRD, n = 2). Based on these data, a mirogabalin dose adjustment will be considered in Japanese subjects with moderate to severe renal impairment and those with ESRD.
Do sex reversal procedures differentially affect agonistic behaviors and sex steroid levels depending on the sexual genotype in Nile tilapia?
Authors: Gennotte Vincent , Akonkwa Balagizi , Mélard Charles , Denoël Mathieu , Cornil Charlotte A. , Rougeot Carole 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, phenotypic males and females with different sexual genotypes (XX, XY, YY) have particular behavioral and physiological traits. Compared to natural XX females and XY males, XY and YY females and XX males expressed higher level of aggressiveness that could be related to higher levels of 17β‐estradiol and 11‐ketotestosterone, respectively. Our results suggest that the presence of a Y chromosome increases aggressiveness in females. However, since the same relationship between aggressiveness and the Y chromosome is not observed in males, we can hypothesize that the differences in aggressiveness are not directly dependent on the genotype but on the sex reversal procedures applied on young fry during their sexual differentiation to produce these breeders. These hormonal treatments could have permanently modified the development of the brain and consequently influenced the behavior of adults independently of their genotype. In both hypotheses (genotype or sex reversal influence), the causes of behavioral modifications have to be searched in an early modification of the brain sexual differentiation.
Interactive effects of parental age on offspring fitness and age‐assortative mating in a wild bird
Authors: Bowers Emerson Keith , Sakaluk Scott K. , Thompson Charles F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVariation in parental age can have important consequences for offspring fitness and the structure of populations and disease transmission. However, our understanding of the effects of parental age on offspring in natural populations is limited. Here, we investigate consequences of parental age for offspring fitness and test for age‐assortative mating in a short‐lived bird, the house wren (Troglodytes aedon). Offspring immunoresponsiveness increased with maternal age and decreased with paternal age, but the strength of these effects varied with the age of one's mate. Offspring immunoresponsiveness was augmented most with older mothers and younger fathers. Thus, we expected this combination of ages to yield the highest offspring fitness. However, offspring recruitment, longevity, and lifetime reproductive success were greatest when both parents were of above‐average age. Consistent with the interactive effects of parental age on offspring fitness, we detected positive age‐assortative mating among breeding pairs. Our results suggest that selection favors age‐assortative mating, but in different ways depending on how parental ages affect offspring. We suggest that, in this short‐lived species, selection for combinations of parental ages that maximize offspring immune responses is likely weaker than selection to produce breeding adults.
Corticosterone transdermal application in toads (Rhinella icterica): Effects on cellular and humoral immunity and steroid plasma levels
Authors: Assis Vania Regina , Monteiro Titon Stefanny Christie , Teixeira Queiroz‐Hazarbassanov Nicolle Gilda , de Oliveira Massoco Cristina , Ribeiro Gomes Fernando 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious studies in a variety of vertebrates show stressed animals to exhibit acute increases in glucocorticoid levels, with consequences for immune modulation. Chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels are mostly associated with immunosuppression. However, there is still a paucity of knowledge regarding the amphibian physiological reaction to short‐ and long‐term stress conditions, including glucocorticoid effects on the immune response. In order to better clarify the relationship between glucocorticoids and immune response, newly captured Brazilian toads (Rhinella icterica) (1 week in captivity) were subjected to a daily transdermal application (TA), of corticosterone or vehicle, for 30 consecutive days. Measures were made on the first day (acute stressor) and last day (chronic stressor), at timepoints 1, 6, and 12 hr post TA. A number of variables were analyzed: corticosterone plasma levels (CORT); neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L); testosterone plasma levels (T); innate immune response, as indicated by bacterial killing ability (BKA); and whole blood phagocytosis. The corticosterone TA only simulated hormonal changes associated with the acute stress response, even after 30 consecutive days of the treatment, with the increased CORT in response after corticosterone TA being evident only 1 hr postapplication and not thereafter. The general responses to corticosterone TA included increased CORT and N:L at first day of the treatment, and increased CORT and phagocytosis on the last day of the treatment. A decrease in T and BKA associated with the time in captivity was also evident, suggesting that captivity may be a chronic stressor for these toads.
Maternal inheritance of Nanog ortholog in blunt‐snout bream
Authors: Yu Miao , Xue Ting , Chen Tiansheng , Fang Jian , Pan Qihua , Deng Yu , Li Lingyu , Chen Kai , Wang Yizhou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe homeodomain transcription factor Nanog plays an essential role in maintaining pluripotency and self‐renewal of embryonic stem cells in mammals. However, the evolutionary conservation of its ortholog in teleosts remains elusive. Here we isolated and characterized a Nanog homolog named as Ma‐Nanog in blunt‐snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The full‐length genomic sequence is 3,326 bp in length and consists of four exons encoding a homeodomain protein of 386 amino acid residues. Comparison of protein sequences revealed that Ma‐Nanog is highly homologous to those in other teleosts, particularly in the homeodomain region. During embryogenesis, RNA expression of Nanog was only detected in early developmental embryos, predominantly at the blastula stage, which suggested the transcripts were mainly present in pluripotent stem cells. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization verified that the signal of the transcripts is present in the germ cells. RNA expression was observed in the oogonia and early stage of oocytes in the ovary, or in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids in the testis. Surprisingly, the transcripts were also detected in adult tissues such as in liver by RT‐PCR or qRT‐PCR. Subcellular localization of the Nanog protein was also verified in nuclei. Taken together, these results suggested that Ma‐Nanog is maternally inherited with conserved features, thus can be potentially used as a marker for stem cells in blunt‐snout bream.
Climatic variability of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and western US snowpack
Authors: Pathak Pratik , Kalra Ajay , Lamb Kenneth W. , Miller William P. , Ahmad Sajjad , Amerineni Rajesh , Ponugoti Devi P. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examines the changing characteristics of snow water equivalent (SWE) in western United States and their teleconnections with large‐scale variability of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This study evaluated the relationship among sea surface temperatures (SST), 500‐mbar geopotential height (Z500), 500‐mbar east–west wind (U500), and western United States SWE (1 March, 1 April, and 1 May). The averages of SST, Z500, and U500 were computed to create a lead time of 2–10 months. Three different 6‐month series were computed – January–June, April–September, and July–December – and were correlated with SWE stations in the western United States. The study utilized singular‐value decomposition (SVD) for a period of 1961–2016 to correlate the SWE and climate indices. SVD was applied between the standardized SST and SWE to obtain their correlation and to evaluate connection with Z500 and U500 within the same SVD relationship. Specifically, SVD was not applied independently on each variable prior to this study. The correlations were observed to increase as the lead time decreased. First mode SVD showed a pronounced non‐El Niño‐Southern Oscillation short‐wave train for the July–December climate in the Z500 data; this terminated over the Great Lakes region, and was strongly correlated with the warming of the SST near the east coast of Japan, resulting in decreased SWE in the study area. Second mode SVD showed a negative correlation between SWE stations in Colorado and Utah and SST near the Asian and Australian continents. The associations between climate indices and SWE that were identified during this study could be used to improve long‐term forecasts, resulting in better management of water resources in the region.