bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cancer chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (Taxol) reduces hippocampal neurogenesis via down-regulation of vesicular zinc
Authors: Lee Bo Eun , Choi Bo Young , Hong Dae Kee , Kim Jin Hee , Lee Song Hee , Kho A Ra , Kim Haesung , Choi Hui Chul , Suh Sang Won 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is increasingly recognized as a major unwanted side effect of an otherwise highly valuable life-saving technology. In part, this awareness is a result of increased cancer survival rates following chemotherapy. Altered hippocampal neurogenesis may play a role in mediating CICI. In particular, zinc could act as a key regulator of this process. To test this hypothesis, we administered paclitaxel (Px) to male C57BL/6 mice for set time periods and then evaluated the effects of Px treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis and vesicular zinc. We found that vesicular zinc levels and expression of zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) were reduced in Px-treated mice, compared to vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, Px-treated mice demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of neuroblasts present. However, no difference in the number of progenitor cells were observed. In addition, zinc supplementation by treatment with ZnCl2 ameliorated the Px-induced decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment. These results suggest that via disruption of vesicular zinc stores in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals, chemotherapy may impinge upon one or more of the sequential stages involved in the maturation of new neurons derived via adult neurogenesis and thereby leads to the progressive cognitive decline associated with CICI.
Measuring glucose cerebral metabolism in the healthy mouse using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance
Authors: Mishkovsky Mor , Anderson Brian , Karlsson Magnus , Lerche Mathilde H. , Sherry A. Dean , Gruetter Rolf , Kovacs Zoltan , Comment Arnaud 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe mammalian brain relies primarily on glucose as a fuel to meet its high metabolic demand. Among the various techniques used to study cerebral metabolism, 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows following the fate of 13C-enriched substrates through metabolic pathways. We herein demonstrate that it is possible to measure cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo with sub-second time resolution using hyperpolarized 13C MRS. In particular, the dynamic 13C-labeling of pyruvate and lactate formed from 13C-glucose was observed in real time. An ad-hoc synthesis to produce [2,3,4,6,6-2H5, 3,4-13C2]-D-glucose was developed to improve the 13C signal-to-noise ratio as compared to experiments performed following [U-2H7, U-13C]-D-glucose injections. The main advantage of only labeling C3 and C4 positions is the absence of 13C-13C coupling in all downstream metabolic products after glucose is split into 3-carbon intermediates by aldolase. This unique method allows direct detection of glycolysis in vivo in the healthy brain in a noninvasive manner.
Striking diflubenzuron resistance in Culex pipiens, the prime vector of West Nile Virus
Authors: Grigoraki Linda , Puggioli Arianna , Mavridis Konstantinos , Douris Vassilis , Montanari Mario , Bellini Romeo , Vontas John 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCulex pipiens mosquitoes cause severe nuisance and transmit human diseases including West Nile. Vector control by insecticides is the main tool to prevent these diseases and diflubenzuron is one of the most effective mosquito larvicides used in many places. Here, high levels of resistance were identified in Cx. pipiens from Italy, with a Resistance Ratio of 128 fold. The phenotype was associated with mutations at amino acid I1043 (I1043M and I1043L) of the Chitin synthase gene, which showed significantly higher frequency in bioassay survivors. Both mutations have been introduced in the Drosophila melanogaster chitin synthase gene using the genome editing method CRISPR/Cas9 and validated to confer significant levels of resistance, although at different levels. The I→M mutation results in a Resistance Ratio >2,900 fold and the I→L mutation >20 fold. Two PCR based diagnostics were developed for monitoring of the resistant mutations in field populations. The findings are of major concern for public health given the importance of diflubenzuron in mosquito control in many places, the intensity of the resistance phenotype and the limited availability of alternative larvicides.
Exploring the excited state behavior for 2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine in methanol solvent
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Jia Min , Wu Jingyuan , Song Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this present work, we theoretically investigate the excited state mechanism for the 2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (PIP-C) molecule combined with methanol (MeOH) solvent molecules. Three MeOH molecules should be connected with PIP-C forming stable PIP-C-MeOH complex in the S0state. Upon the photo-excitation, the hydrogen bonded wires are strengthened in the S1state. Particularly the deprotonation process of PIP-C facilitates the excited state intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. In our work, we do verify that the ESIPT reaction should occur due to the low potential energy barrier 8.785 kcal/mol in the S1state. While the intersection of potential energy curves of S0and S1states result in the nonradiation transition from S1to S0state, which successfully explain why the emission peak of the proton-transfer PIP-C-MeOH-PT form could not be reported in previous experiment. As a whole, this work not only put forward a new excited state mechanism for PIP-C system, but also compensates for the defects about mechanism in previous experiment.
An omniphobic lubricant-infused coating produced by chemical vapor deposition of hydrophobic organosilanes attenuates clotting on catheter surfaces
Authors: Badv Maryam , Jaffer Iqbal H. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Didar Tohid F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstarctCatheter associated thrombosis is an ongoing problem. Omniphobic coatings based on tethering biocompatible liquid lubricants on self-assembled monolayers of hydrophobic organosilanes attenuate clotting on surfaces. Herein we report an efficient, non-invasive and robust process for coating catheters with an antithrombotic, omniphobic lubricant-infused coating produced using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of hydrophobic fluorine-based organosilanes. Compared with uncoated catheters, CVD coated catheters significantly attenuated thrombosis via the contact pathway of coagulation. When compared with the commonly used technique of liquid phase deposition (LPD) of fluorine-based organosilanes, the CVD method was more efficient and reproducible, resulted in less disruption of the outer polymeric layer of the catheters and produced greater antithrombotic activity. Therefore, omniphobic coating of catheters using the CVD method is a simple, straightforward and non-invasive procedure. This method has the potential to not only prevent catheter thrombosis, but also to prevent thrombosis on other blood-contacting medical devices.
Dynamics of necklace beams in nonlinear colloidal suspensions
Authors: Walasik Wiktor , Silahli Salih Z. , Litchinitser Natalia M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecently, we have predicted that the modulation instability of optical vortex solitons propagating in nonlinear colloidal suspensions with exponential saturable nonlinearity leads to formation of necklace beams (NBs). Here, we investigate the dynamics of NB formation and propagation, and demonstrate a variety of optical beam structures emerging upon vortex beam propagation in engineered nonlinear colloidal medium. In particular, we show that the distance at which the NB is formed depends on the input power of the vortex beam. Moreover, we show that the NB trajectories are not necessarily tangent to the initial vortex ring, and that their velocities have components stemming both from the beam diffraction and from the beam orbital angular momentum. We also demonstrate the generation of elliptical rotating solitons and analyze the influence of losses on their propagation. Finally, we investigate the conservation of the orbital angular momentum in necklace and elliptical rotating beams. Our studies, performed in ideal lossless media and in realistic colloidal suspensions with losses, provide a detailed description of NB dynamics, and may be useful in analysis of light propagation in highly scattering colloids and biological samples.
What the Convention requires
Authors: Wallace Derek 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
How can conduct be enforced when governmental relations are entirely reliant on linguistic exchange? This is the question at stake in such jurisdictions as the United Nations when nations sign up to legally non-binding commitments. The few commentators in this area hold that non-enforceability gives states the upper hand in this relationship. The research reported here, however, challenges that conclusion. By looking at textual exchanges of reporting and assessment respectively between the New Zealand government and the Committee on the Rights of the Child over a twenty year period, this paper identifies the linguistic and rhetorical strategies by which each party attempts to orient the conduct of the other. The conclusion reached, which can still only be provisional, is that, through nothing other than unwavering reiteration of its mandate, the UN committee gradually exhausts the evasive and countering tactics of the state party to bring about a degree of compliance.
Effects of catechins and caffeine on the development of atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Liu Litong , Nagai Izumi , Gao Ying , Matsushima Yoshibumi , Kawai Yoshichika , Sayama Kazutoshi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases related to metabolic syndrome which is caused by obesity. Previous reports have shown that green tea and its components have anti-obesity effect. We examined whether catechins and caffeine can prevent the development of atherosclerosis by oral administration, singly or in combination to the atherosclerosis model mice. Results demonstrated that the number of atherosclerotic regions in the aorta was significantly reduced by the combined treatment, and the atherosclerotic area was also improved. Serum HDL-C increased by caffeine single treatment, but no effect on the TG and TC by any treatments. Moreover, ECG illuviated to atheromatous lesions in aorta and the illuviation was enhanced by caffeine. The mRNA expression levels of LOX-1 and TNF-α showed a tendency to suppress by the combined treatment. These results indicated that the combined administration of catechins and caffeine has the inhibitory effect on the development of atherosclerosis in mice.
Electrification pathways for Kenya–linking spatial electrification analysis and medium to long term energy planning
Authors: Moksnes Nandi , Korkovelos Alexandros , Mentis Dimitrios , Howells Mark 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In September 2015 UN announced 17 Sustainable Development goals (SDG) from which goal number 7 envisions universal access to modern energy services for all by 2030. In Kenya only about 46% of the population currently has access to electricity. This paper analyses hypothetical scenarios, and selected implications, investigating pathways that would allow the country to reach its electrification targets by 2030. Two modelling tools were used for the purposes of this study, namely OnSSET and OSeMOSYS. The tools were soft-linked in order to capture both the spatial and temporal dynamics of their nature. Two electricity demand scenarios were developed representing low and high end user consumption goals respectively. Indicatively, results show that geothermal, coal, hydro and natural gas would consist the optimal energy mix for the centralized national grid. However, in the case of the low demand scenario a high penetration of stand-alone systems is evident in the country, reaching out to approximately 47% of the electrified population. Increasing end user consumption leads to a shift in the optimal technology mix, with higher penetration of mini-grid technologies and grid extension.
A utility maximizing and privacy preserving approach for protecting kinship in genomic databases
Authors: Kale Gulce , Ayday Erman , Tastan Oznur 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMotivationRapid and low cost sequencing of genomes enabled widespread use of genomic data in research studies and personalized customer applications, where genomic data is shared in public databases. Although the identities of the participants are anonymized in these databases, sensitive information about individuals can still be inferred. One such information is kinship.ResultsWe define two routes kinship privacy can leak and propose a technique to protect kinship privacy against these risks while maximizing the utility of shared data. The method involves systematic identification of minimal portions of genomic data to mask as new participants are added to the database. Choosing the proper positions to hide is cast as an optimization problem in which the number of positions to mask is minimized subject to privacy constraints that ensure the familial relationships are not revealed. We evaluate the proposed technique on real genomic data. Results indicate that concurrent sharing of data pertaining to a parent and an offspring results in high risks of kinship privacy, whereas the sharing data from further relatives together is often safer. We also show arrival order of family members have a high impact on the level of privacy risks and on the utility of sharing data.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/tastanlab/Kinship-PrivacySupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Omics AnalySIs System for PRecision Oncology (OASISPRO): a web-based omics analysis tool for clinical phenotype prediction
Authors: Yu Kun-Hsing , Fitzpatrick Michael R , Pappas Luke , Chan Warren , Kung Jessica , Snyder Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
Precision oncology is an approach that accounts for individual differences to guide cancer management. Omics signatures have been shown to predict clinical traits for cancer patients. However, the vast amount of omics information poses an informatics challenge in systematically identifying patterns associated with health outcomes, and no general purpose data mining tool exists for physicians, medical researchers and citizen scientists without significant training in programming and bioinformatics. To bridge this gap, we built the Omics AnalySIs System for PRecision Oncology (OASISPRO), a web-based system to mine the quantitative omics information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This system effectively visualizes patients’ clinical profiles, executes machine-learning algorithms of choice on the omics data and evaluates the prediction performance using held-out test sets. With this tool, we successfully identified genes strongly associated with tumor stage, and accurately predicted patients’ survival outcomes in many cancer types, including adrenocortical carcinoma. By identifying the links between omics and clinical phenotypes, this system will facilitate omics studies on precision cancer medicine and contribute to establishing personalized cancer treatment plans.

Availability and implementation
This web-based tool is available at http://tinyurl.com/oasispro; source codes are available at http://tinyurl.com/oasisproSourceCode.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Academic Achievement Deficits and Their Neuropsychological Correlates in Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Akshoomoff Natacha , Joseph Robert M. , Taylor H. Gerry , Allred Elizabeth N. , Heeren Timothy , O'Shea Thomas M. , Kuban Karl C. K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the risks associated with learning disabilities (LDs) in a large sample of children born extremely preterm. We predicted higher than expected rates of LD, particularly in math, and children with LD in math, reading, or both would have lower intelligence quotients (IQs) and specific patterns of neuropsychological deficits.

Methods:
We evaluated academic achievement, rates of LD, and their neuropsychological correlates in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGANs) Study cohort of 10-year-old children born at 23 to 27 weeks gestational age. Primary analyses focused on children without intellectual disability (verbal IQ > 70 and nonverbal IQ > 70; N = 668). Low achievement was defined as a standard score ≤85 on the reading or math measures.

Results:
The risk of low math achievement scores (27%) was 1.5 times higher than the risk of low reading achievement scores (17%). Children were classified as having LD based on low achievement criteria in reading only (RD, 6.4% of sample), math only (MD, 16.2%), both reading and math (RD/MD, 8.3%), or no reading or math disabilities (No LD, 69.1%). Although all 3 LD groups had multiple neuropsychological weaknesses compared with the No LD group, the RD and MD groups had different patterns of neuropsychological impairment.

Conclusion:
These children from the ELGAN cohort had higher than expected rates of LD, particularly in mathematics, even after taking socioeconomic status into consideration. These results indicate specific cognitive weaknesses that differ between extremely preterm children with RD and MD.
Audiological Outcomes and Map Characteristics in Children With Perimodiolar and Slim Straight Array Cochlear Implants in Opposite Ears
Authors: Park Lisa R. , Teagle Holly F. B. , Brown Kevin D. , Gagnon Erika B. , Woodard Jennifer S. , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To identify differences in outcomes and map characteristics in pediatric bilateral cochlear implants with modiolar conforming and lateral wall arrays in opposite ears.

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary care pediatric referral center.

Patients:
Fourteen children who received a perimodiolar array in one ear and a slim straight array in the opposite ear in sequential surgeries.

Interventions:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Consonant-nucleus-consonant test (CNC) word recognition score, battery life, power levels, electrical compound action potential (ECAP) thresholds, and electrical threshold and comfort charge levels.

Results:
Speech perception outcomes were poorer in the lateral wall ears than the perimodiolar ears, and scores in the bilateral condition were better than with the lateral wall device alone. Sequential placement was a factor with differences in preoperative candidacy time correlating with greater difference in speech perception. There was no difference in charge levels between ears, in spite of higher ECAP threshold values for the lateral wall devices.

Conclusion:
While bilateral speech perception was good, speech perception with the lateral wall device alone was poorer. This cannot be explained solely by the device, as differences in preoperative candidacy time were a significant factor. ECAP thresholds are significantly higher for lateral wall electrodes, but that did not translate in to higher psychophysical measurements.
Pilot Study of the Tart Cherry Juice for the Treatment of Insomnia and Investigation of Mechanisms
Authors: Losso Jack N. , Finley John W. , Karki Namrata , Liu Ann G. , Prudente Alfredo , Tipton Russell , Yu Ying , Greenway Frank L. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Insomnia is common in the elderly and is associated with chronic disease, but use of hypnotics increases the incidence of falls. Montmorency tart cherry juice has improved insomnia by self-report questionnaire.

Study Question:
Is insomnia confirmed by polysomnography and is tryptophan availability a potential mechanism for treating insomnia?

Study Design:
A placebo-controlled balanced crossover study with subjects older than 50 years and insomnia were randomized to placebo (2 weeks) or cherry juice (2 weeks) (240 mL 2 times/d) separated by a 2-week washout.

Measures and Outcomes:
Sleep was evaluated by polysomnography and 5 validated questionnaires. Serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, and prostaglandin E2 were measured. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were stimulated with interferon-gamma, and the ability of cherry juice procyanidin to inhibit IDO which degrades tryptophan and stimulates inflammation was measured. The content of procyanidin B-2 and other major anthocyanins in cherry juice were determined.

Results:
Eleven subjects were randomized; 3 with sleep apnea were excluded and referred. The 8 completers with insomnia increased sleep time by 84 minutes on polysomnography (P = 0.0182) and sleep efficiency increased on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (P = 0.03). Other questionnaires showed no significant differences. The serum kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio decreased, as did the level of prostaglandin E2 (both P < 0.05). In vitro, cherry juice procyanidin B-2 dose-dependently inhibited IDO.

Conclusions:
Cherry juice increased sleep time and sleep efficiency. Cherry juice procyanidin B-2 inhibited IDO, increased tryptophan availability, reduced inflammation, and may be partially responsible for improvement in insomnia.
Incidences of Pancreatic Malignancy and Mortality in Patients With Untreated Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Undergoing Surveillance
Authors: Lensing Rutger J. , Bipat Shandra 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to pool incidences of increased cyst size, malignant branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs), pancreatic malignancy, and pancreatic malignancy-related death during follow-up (FU) of BD-IPMN patients.

Methods
Searches were performed from January 2010 to April 2016. All hits were checked on inclusion criteria, and outcomes were extracted. Incidences were pooled. Three subgroups were defined: (1) including only BD-IPMN patients, (2) short-interval FU (maximum 6 months), and (3) long-interval FU (>6 months).

Results
Thirty-one articles were enrolled, including 8455 patients (mean age, 66.4 years). Twenty-two studies included subgroup 1; 10 and 6 studies included, respectively, subgroups 2 and 3. Incidence of increased cyst size was 17.4%. In subgroups 1, 2, and 3, incidences were, respectively, 20.0%, 17.2%, and 31.7%. Incidence of malignant BD-IPMN was 2.5. In subgroups 1, 2, and 3, incidences were, respectively, 3.0%, 2.4%, and 3.3%. Incidence of pancreatic malignancy was 2.6%. In subgroups 1, 2, and 3, incidences were, respectively, 2.3%, 1.2%, and 4.0%. Incidence of death was 0.5%. In subgroups 1, 2, and 3, incidences were, respectively, 0.4%, 0.04%, and 0.12%.

Conclusions
Although not significant, all incidences on long-interval FU were higher; therefore, short-interval FU seems necessary to find resectable lesions.