bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an identity model for sector brands
Authors: Lourenção Marina Toledo de Arruda , Giraldi Janaina de Moura Engracia 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an identity model for sector brands and examines its applicability for the Brasil Fashion System brand.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review of the literature on corporate brand identity models is undertaken. The interviews were carried out with two interest groups: the associations comprising the brand, and the consultancy company responsible for sector brand advisory.

Findings
The sector brand identity model is applicable to the Brasil Fashion System brand with the exception of two elements. The application may have experienced some adversity because of the considerable divergence among the associations. In cases where the brand represents just one association, the application of the model may occur with more favorable element management.

Research limitations/implications
Theoretical contribution occurred toward sector brands and brand identity with the development of an identity model for the sector brand, so far not addressed in academic studies.

Practical implications
When adopting the identity model for sector brands, managers would be able to understand the components that have to be managed on sector brand identity. The model can contribute to improve the management of these kinds of brands.

Originality/value
The academic studies of corporate brand identity models and sector brands are analyzed in order to create the first sector brand identity model that was experienced by the Brazilian fashion industry.
No trans-pacific partnership? Good or bad for Mexico?
Authors: Valverde Gabriela Ortiz , Latorre Maria C. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is as follows: first, it aims to explain the overall economic implications of the trans-pacific partnership (TPP). Second, it aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the TPP’s quantitative impact on an upper-middle economy such as Mexico, as well as on the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is performed using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model.

Findings
The results suggest that in the short run, both Mexico and the USA would slightly benefit from the TPP. Tariff reductions would lead to less bilateral trade between Mexico and the USA and the stronger integration of both countries with the rest of the TPP members. The opposite is true after a decrease in non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Overall, in terms of the impact on Mexico, trade integration with the rest of the TPP members prevails. This suggests that a TPP without the USA could still be beneficial.

Originality/value
Previous studies on the TPP have mainly focused on its impact for the USA, which is also analysed in the present study. The effects of the TPP are estimated for a broad set of micro and macroeconomic variables, paying particular attention to the reductions of NTBs.
Toward a data governance model for the Kenya health professional regulatory authorities
Authors: Were Victor , Moturi Christopher 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the status, drivers, and barriers to data governance at the health professional regulatory authorities in Kenya. This study aims to develop a model that can be used to establish a formal data governance program at these regulatory authorities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used data governance decision areas based on the study of Khatri and Brown (2010). Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this study to collect data.

Findings
This paper identified maintenance of quality of data, achieving customer satisfaction, ensuring data security and control, and achieving operational efficiency as the drivers of data governance at the regulatory authorities. The authorities are faced with lack of data governance awareness, lack of management ownership and support, as well as limited funding and resource allocations as barriers to data governance. This study proposed that for the authorities to increase their data governance, they need to identify their data as an asset, initiate more data quality management mechanism, restrict access to their data, create awareness, and increase management, ownership and support.

Practical implications
A data governance program for healthcare workforce data is necessary for healthcare planning which influences national policy in the healthcare and the overall delivery of health services in a country.

Originality/value
The paper proposes a model that health professional regulators in developing countries that are facing limited resources can be used to establish a formal data governance program.
The recognition of letters in emergent literacy in German: evidence from a longitudinal study
Authors: Schmitterer Alexandra M.A. , Schroeder Sascha 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundGerman children do not formally learn letter‐sounds before school entry. In this study, we evaluated kindergarten children's sensitivity to the frequency of letters and visually similar symbols in child‐directed texts, how it develops and whether it predicts early reading abilities.MethodIn a longitudinal study from kindergarten to primary school, children were asked to judge whether a presented alphabetic (e.g., A) or non‐alphabetic symbol (e.g., #) was a letter. High and low frequency was varied for both types of symbols. Furthermore, we analysed whether later reading abilities were predicted by this letter judgement ability.ResultsBefore school entry, children had difficulties in distinguishing frequent non‐alphabetic symbols from letters. Furthermore, letter judgement in kindergarten predicted reading abilities in first grade.ConclusionsChildren derive some knowledge about letters from the frequency of co‐occurrence of letters and symbols in texts. The ability to distinguish letters from non‐alphabetic symbols predicts early reading.
Log Odds and the Interpretation of Logit Models
Authors: Norton Edward C. , Dowd Bryan E. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveWe discuss how to interpret coefficients from logit models, focusing on the importance of the standard deviation (σ) of the error term to that interpretation.Study DesignWe show how odds ratios are computed, how they depend on the standard deviation (σ) of the error term, and their sensitivity to different model specifications. We also discuss alternatives to odds ratios.Principal FindingsThere is no single odds ratio; instead, any estimated odds ratio is conditional on the data and the model specification. Odds ratios should not be compared across different studies using different samples from different populations. Nor should they be compared across models with different sets of explanatory variables.ConclusionsTo communicate information regarding the effect of explanatory variables on binary {0,1} dependent variables, average marginal effects are generally preferable to odds ratios, unless the data are from a case–control study.
Orthodontic Treatment: Real Risk for Dental Age Estimation in Adults?
Authors: Marroquin Penaloza Talia Yolanda , Karkhanis Shalmira , Kvaal Sigrid Ingeborg , Vasudavan Sivabalan , Castelblanco Edwin , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDental age estimation becomes a challenge once the root formation is concluded. In living adults, one dental age indicator is the formation of secondary dentine, also associated with orthodontic treatment as well as root shortening. The aim of this study was to establish whether these secondary effects of orthodontic treatment could generate a statistically significant difference in dental age estimations when using Kvaal's method. The study sample included 34 pairs of pre‐ and postorthodontic panoramic radiographs, from different individuals with exactly the same age and sex distribution. Females 65%, median age 17.5 years, and males 35%, median age 22.5 years, were included. After data collection, dental age was estimated per tooth using formulae previously published. The risk of obtaining over‐estimation of age was calculated. (RR = 1.007). The changes caused by orthodontic treatment do not have any significant effect on age estimation when Kvaal et al.'s method is applied on panoramic radiographs.
Testosterone effects on pain and brain activation patterns
Authors: Choi J. C. , Park Y.‐H. , Park S. K. , Lee J. S. , Kim J. , Choi J. I. , Yoon K. B. , Lee S. , Lim D. E. , Choi J. Y. , Kim M. H. , Park G. , Choi S. S. , Lee J.‐M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThis study investigated whether pain and pain‐related unpleasantness ratings were altered by blood testosterone levels. We also investigated whether activation of brain regions that represent pain intensity [primary somatosensory cortex (S1)] and pain‐related unpleasantness [perigenual ACC (pACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] were affected by blood testosterone levels.MethodsTwenty‐six healthy men were recruited. Blood testosterone levels were measured before fMRI scanning. The participants were classified into two groups (high vs. low testosterone) according to their blood testosterone level (each group n = 13). The middle finger was immersed in a 50°C water bath (50°C, 30 s, five times) to induce identical noxious stimulation in all participants.ResultsThe low testosterone group showed statistically significantly higher pain (P = 0.047), unpleasantness (P = 0.047), anxiety (P = 0.015), and fear ratings (P = 0.01) than the high testosterone group. Fear rating increased as pain rating rose and as testosterone level decreased (P < 0.001). When participants received noxious stimulation, the pACC and OFC were more highly activated in the low testosterone group compared to the high testosterone group. Activation of S1, a region related to pain intensity, did not differ between both groups.ConclusionCompared to the high testosterone group, the low testosterone group had significant activation in the pACC and OFC, regions that represent pain‐related unpleasantness, but not in S1 that represents pain intensity, leading to higher pain ratings. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the effects of testosterone levels when treating patients.
Stock price crash risk and internal control weakness: presence vs. disclosure effect
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Bon , Yeung Ira , Zhou Jie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study examines the stock price crash risk for a sample of firms that disclosed internal control weaknesses (ICW) under Section 404 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX). We find that in the year prior to the initial disclosures, ICW firms are more crash‐prone than firms with effective internal controls. This positive relation is more pronounced when weakness problems are associated with a firm's financial reporting process. More importantly, we find that stock price crash risk reduces significantly after the disclosures of ICWs, despite the disclosure itself signalling bad news. The above results hold after controlling for various firm‐specific determinants of crash risk and ICWs. Using an ICW disclosure as a natural experiment, our study attempts to isolate the presence effect of undisclosed ICWs from the initial disclosure effect of internal control weakness on stock price crash risk. In so doing, we provide more direct evidence on the causal relation between the quality of financial reporting and stock price crash risk.
Silage preparation and fermentation quality of kudzu, sugarcane top and their mixture treated with lactic acid bacteria, molasses and cellulase
Authors: Chen Xinzhu , Li Wenyang , Gao Chengfang , Zhang Xiaopei , Weng Boqi , Cai Yimin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe studied silage fermentation of kudzu (KZ), sugarcane top (ST) and their mixtures treated with additives to be able to effectively use available local feed resources. The silages were prepared using KZ, ST, KZ 90% + ST 10%, KZ 80% + ST 20%, KZ 70% + ST 30% and KZ 60% + ST 40%, based on fresh matter (FM). These silages were treated with 108 colony‐forming units/g epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), 5% molasses and 0.02% cellulase of FM. The KZ contained higher crude protein (CP; 14.52%) content and lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 62.15%) than those of ST (6.84% CP and 64.93% NDF) based on dry matter (DM). The KZ 60% + ST 40% silage fermented well with a higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid content and lower (P < 0.05) pH than those of the other mixed silages. Silages treated with molasses had lower (P < 0.05) ammonia‐N, NDF, acid detergent fiber, and hemi‐cellulose contents as well as pH, but higher (P < 0.05) DM, water‐soluble carbohydrate, and lactic acid contents, than those of the control, LAB and cellulase treatments. The results confirmed that KZ 60% + ST 40% was the best mixing ratio to prepare silage, and molasses improved silage fermentation and fiber degradation.
Math anxiety and math performance in children: The mediating roles of working memory and math self‐concept
Authors: Justicia‐Galiano M. José , Martín‐Puga M. Eva , Linares Rocío , Pelegrina Santiago 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundNumerous studies, most of them involving adolescents and adults, have evidenced a moderate negative relationship between math anxiety and math performance. There are, however, a limited number of studies that have addressed the mechanisms underlying this relation.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the role of two possible mediational mechanisms between math anxiety and math performance. Specifically, we sought to test the simultaneous mediating role of working memory and math self‐concept.SampleA total of 167 children aged 8–12 years participated in this study.MethodsChildren completed a set of questionnaires used to assess math and trait anxiety, math self‐concept as well as measures of math fluency and math problem‐solving. Teachers were asked to rate each student's math achievement. As measures of working memory, two backward span tasks were administered to the children.ResultsA series of multiple mediation analyses were conducted. Results indicated that both mediators (working memory and math self‐concept) contributed to explaining the relationship between math anxiety and math achievement.ConclusionsResults suggest that working memory and self‐concept could be worth considering when designing interventions aimed at helping students with math anxiety. Longitudinal designs could also be used to better understand the mediational mechanisms that may explain the relationship between math anxiety and math performance.
Use of eltrombopag for secondary immune thrombocytopenia in clinical practice
Authors: González‐López Tomás J. , Alvarez‐Román María T. , Pascual Cristina , Sánchez‐González Blanca , Fernández‐Fuentes Fernando , Pérez‐Rus Gloria , Hernández‐Rivas José A. , Bernat Silvia , Bastida José M. , Martínez‐Badas María P. , Martínez‐Robles Violeta , Soto Inmaculada , Olivera Pavel , Bolaños Estefanía , Alonso Rafael , Entrena Laura , Gómez‐Nuñez Marta , Alonso Arancha , Yera Cobo María , Caparrós Isabel , Tenorio María , Arrieta‐Cerdán Esther , Lopez‐Ansoar Elsa , García‐Frade Javier , González‐Porras José R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryEltrombopag is a second‐line treatment in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, its role in secondary ITP is unknown. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in secondary ITP in daily clinical practice. Eighty‐seven secondary ITP patients (46 with ITP secondary to autoimmune syndromes, 23 with ITP secondary to a neoplastic disease subtype: lymphoproliferative disorders [LPDs] and 18 with ITP secondary to viral infections) who had been treated with eltrombopag were retrospectively evaluated. Forty‐four patients (38%) had a platelet response, including 40 (35%) with complete responses. Median time to platelet response was 15 days (95% confidence interval, 7–28 days), and was longer in the LPD‐ITP group. Platelet response rate was significantly lower in the LPD‐ITP than in other groups. However, having achieved response, there were no significant differences between the durable response of the groups. Forty‐three patients (49·4%) experienced adverse events (mainly grade 1–2), the commonest being hepatobiliary laboratory abnormalities. There were 10 deaths in this case series, all of which were related to pre‐existing medical conditions. In routine clinical practice, eltrombopag is effective and well‐tolerated in unselected patients with ITP secondary to both immune and infectious disorders. However, the response rate in LPD‐ITP is low.
The p21‐activated kinase 1 (Pak1) signalling pathway in cardiac disease: from mechanistic study to therapeutic exploration
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Wang Shunyao , Lei Ming , Boyett Mark , Tsui Hoyee , Liu Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2017

p21‐activated kinase 1 (Pak1) is a member of the highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases regulated by Ras‐related small G‐proteins, Cdc42/Rac1. It has been previously demonstrated to be involved in cardiac protection. Based on recent studies, this review provides an overview of the role of Pak1 in cardiac diseases including disrupted Ca2+ homoeostasis‐related cardiac arrhythmias, adrenergic stress‐ and pressure overload‐induced hypertrophy, and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. These findings demonstrate the important role of Pak1 mediated through the phosphorylation and transcriptional modification of hypertrophy and/or arrhythmia‐related genes. This review also discusses the anti‐arrhythmic and anti‐hypertrophic, protective function of Pak1 and the beneficial effects of fingolimod (an FDA‐approved sphingolipid drug), a Pak1 activator, and its ability to prevent arrhythmias and cardiac hypertrophy. These findings also highlight the therapeutic potential of Pak1 signalling in the treatment and prevention of cardiac diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc
Rationale for targeting the Wnt signalling modulator Dickkopf‐1 for oncology
Authors: Kagey Michael H , He Xi 
Published: June 2017

Wnt signalling is a fundamental pathway involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in the pathway frequently lead to developmental defects and cancer. As such, therapeutic intervention of this pathway has generated tremendous interest. Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. However, DKK1 appears to increase tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models and its elevated expression correlates with a poor prognosis in a range of cancers, indicating that DKK1 has more complex cellular and biological functions than originally appreciated. Here, we review current evidence for the cancer‐promoting activity of DKK1 and recent insights into the effects of DKK1 on signalling pathways in both cancer and immune cells. We discuss the rationale and promise of targeting DKK1 for oncology.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
The β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron increases human atrial force through β1‐adrenoceptors: an indirect mechanism?
Authors: Mo Weilan , Michel Martin C , Lee Xiang Wen , Kaumann Alberto J , Molenaar Peter 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeMirabegron has been classified as a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist approved for overactive bladder syndrome. We investigated possible cardiac effects of mirabegron in the absence or presence of β‐adrenoceptor subtype antagonists. In view of its phenylethanolamine structure, we investigated whether mirabegron has indirect sympathomimetic activity by using neuronal uptake blockers.Experimental ApproachRight atrial trabeculae, from non‐failing hearts, were paced and contractile force measured at 37°C. Single concentrations of mirabegron were added in the absence or presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), β3 (L‐748,337), β1 (CGP 20712A), β2 (ICI 118,551) ‐adrenoceptor antagonists, neuronal uptake inhibitors desipramine or phenoxybenzamine.Key ResultsMirabegron significantly increased contractile force in human right atrium (1 μM, 7.6 ± 2.6%, n = 7; 10 μM, 10.2 ± 1.5%, n = 22 compared with (−)‐isoprenaline P < 0.05). In the presence of IBMX, mirabegron (10 μM) caused a greater contraction. L‐748,337 (100 nM) had no effect on the increase in contractile force caused by mirabegron (10 μM). In contrast, mirabegron (10 μM) reduced contractile force in the presence of CGP 20712A, which was not affected by L‐748,337 (100 nM) or ICI 118,551 (50 nM). Mirabegron (10 μM) also reduced contractile force in the presence of desipramine or phenoxybenzamine.Conclusions and ImplicationsMirabegron increases human atrial force through β1‐ but not β3‐adrenoceptors. Desipramine and phenoxybenzamine block neuronal uptake and conceivably prevent mirabegron from releasing noradrenaline. A non‐specific cardiodepressant effect is not mediated through β3 (or β2)‐adrenoceptors, consistent with lack of β3‐adrenoceptor function on human atrial contractility.
The effects of testosterone on body composition in obese men are not sustained after cessation of testosterone treatment
Authors: Ng Tang Fui Mark , Hoermann Rudolf , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundTestosterone treatment in obese dieting men augments the diet‐associated loss of fat mass, but protects against loss of lean mass. We assessed whether body composition changes are maintained following withdrawal of testosterone treatment.MethodsWe conducted a prespecified double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled observational follow‐up study of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were men with baseline obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) and a repeated total testosterone level <12 nmol/L, previously enrolled in a 56‐week testosterone treatment trial combined with a weight loss programme. Main outcome measures were mean adjusted differences (MAD) (95% confidence interval), in body composition between testosterone‐ and placebo‐treated men at the end of the observation period.ResultsOf the 100 randomized men, 82 completed the RCT and 64 the subsequent observational study. Median [IQR] observation time after completion of the RCT was 82 weeks [74; 90] in men previously receiving testosterone (cases) and 81 weeks [67;91] in men previously receiving placebo (controls), P=.51. At the end of the RCT, while losing similar amounts of weight, cases had, compared to controls, lost more fat mass, MAD −2.9 kg (−5.7, −0.2), P=.04, but had lost less lean mass MAD 3.4 kg (1.3, 5.5), P=.002. At the end of the observation period, the former between‐group differences in fat mass, MAD −0.8 kg (−3.6, 2.0), P=1.0, in lean mass, MAD −1.3 kg (−3.0, 0.5), P=.39, and in appendicular lean mass, MAD −0.1 kg/m2 (−0.3, 0.1), P=.45, were no longer apparent. During observation, cases lost more lean mass, MAD −3.7 kg (−5.5, −1.9), P=.0005, and appendicular lean mass, MAD −0.5 kg/m2 (−0.8, −0.3), P<.0001 compared to controls.ConclusionsThe favourable effects of testosterone on body composition in men subjected to a concomitant weight loss programme were not maintained at 82 weeks after testosterone treatment cessation.