bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolytic weakening in olivine single crystals
Authors: Tielke Jacob A. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Kohlstedt David L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeformation experiments on single crystals of San Carlos olivine under hydrous conditions were performed to investigate the microphysical processes responsible for hydrolytic weakening during dislocation creep. Hydrogen was supplied to the crystals using either talc or brucite sealed in nickel capsules with the crystal. Deformation experiments were carried out using a gas medium apparatus at temperatures of 1050° to 1250°C, a confining pressure of 300 MPa, differential stresses of 45 to 294 MPa, and resultant strain rates of 1.5 × 10−6 to 4.4 × 10−4 s−1. For talc‐buffered (i.e., water and orthopyroxene‐buffered) samples at high temperatures, the dependence of strain rate on stress follows a power law relationship with a stress exponent (n) of ∼2.5 and an activation energy of ∼490 kJ/mol. Brucite‐buffered samples deformed faster than talc‐buffered samples but contained similar hydrogen concentrations, demonstrating that strain rate is influenced by orthopyroxene activity under hydrous conditions. The values of n and dependence of strain rate on orthopyroxene activity are consistent with hydrolytic weakening occurring in the climb‐controlled dislocation creep regime that is associated with deformation controlled by lattice diffusion under hydrous conditions and by pipe diffusion under anhydrous conditions. Analyses of postdeformation electron‐backscatter diffraction data demonstrate that dislocations with [100] Burgers vectors are dominant in the climb‐controlled regime and dislocations with [001] are dominant in the glide‐controlled regime. Comparison of the experimentally determined constitutive equations demonstrates that under hydrous conditions crystals deform 1 to 2 orders of magnitude faster than under anhydrous conditions.
Diploastrea heliopora Sr/Ca and δ18O records from northeast Luzon, Philippines: An assessment of interspecies coral proxy calibrations and climate controls of sea surface temperature and salinity
Authors: Ramos R. D. , Goodkin N. F. , Siringan F. P. , Hughen K. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Indo‐Pacific coral Diploastrea heliopora reveals regional multidecadal‐ to centennial‐ scale climate variability using coral carbonate δ18O (δ18Oc) as a combined proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS). However, to assess the coral's full potential in resolving climatic events, an independent SST proxy would be more advantageous. We examined both Sr/Ca and δ18O of Diploastrea against an adjacent Porites lobata core collected from northeast Luzon, Philippines. Winter Sr/Ca data from Diploastrea show a significant correlation to SST (r = −0.41, p < 0.05, (root‐mean‐square of the residual) RMSR = 0.81°C) and provide a proxy with similar sensitivity as Porites (r = −0.57, p < 0.05, RMSR = 0.62°C). An interspecies SST record is shown to be robust and used for a reconstruction of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation during boreal winter (r = −0.70, p = 0.02). While we were unable to generate a robust Diploastrea δ18O‐SSS calibration at interannual timescale, the freshening trend toward the present, commonly observed in the region, is qualitatively captured in Diploastrea δ18O. Comparison with Porites δ18O and instrumental SSS records shows that the magnitude of freshening is consistent between coral species. Wet and dry season Porites δ18O provide support for the relative influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation events and local precipitation to SSS variability at our site. The multiproxy, multispecies approach of this study further strengthens the evidence for Diploastrea as an alternate climate archive in the Indo‐Pacific region and seals its potential in helping resolve less understood global‐scale climate phenomena.
Constructing Mie‐Scattering Porous Interface‐Fused Perovskite Films to Synergistically Boost Light Harvesting and Carrier Transport
Authors: Xue Jie , Gu Yu , Shan Qingsong , Zou Yousheng , Song Jizhong , Xu Leimeng , Dong Yuhui , Li Jianhai , Zeng Haibo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLight harvesting (LH) and carrier transport abilities of a photoactive layer, which are both crucial for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors (PDs), are typically hard to be synergistically improved. Taking perovskite as an example, a freeze‐drying recrystallization method is used to construct porous films with improvements of both LH and carrier transport ability. During the freeze‐drying casting process, the rapid solvent evaporation produces massive pores, the sizes of which can be adjusted to exploit the Mie scattering for enhancement of the LH ability. Meanwhile, owing to the strong iconicity, the interface between perovskite nanocrystals fused during recrystallization, which favors carrier transport. Subsequently, PDs based on these Mie porous and interface‐fused films show a high on/off ratio of more than 104 and an external quantum efficiency value of 658 % under 9 V bias and 520 nm light irradiation.
A Molecular Propeller with Three Nanohoop Blades: Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid‐State Packing
Authors: Li Penghao , Zakharov Lev N. , Jasti Ramesh 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNanoscale carbon‐rich molecular architectures are not only aesthetically appealing but also of practical importance for energy and biomedical technologies. Herein, we report the synthesis of cyclic‐oligophenylene‐based nanopropeller 1 by using an efficient synthon strategy involving sequential intramolecular bisboronate homocoupling and reductive aromatization by H2SnCl4. The nanopropeller molecules pack into a layered hexagonal lattice featuring long‐ranged nano‐sized channels and a total guest‐accessible volume of 48 %, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction studies. We suggest that such a solid‐state arrangement is determined by the interplay between the propeller architecture and the intermolecular van der Waals interactions.
Activation pH and Gating Dynamics of Influenza A M2 Proton Channel Revealed by Single‐Molecule Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Chun‐Wei , Mensa Bruk , Barniol‐Xicota Marta , DeGrado William F. , Gai Feng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBecause of its importance in viral replication, the M2 proton channel of the influenza A virus has been the focus of many studies. Although we now know a great deal about the structural architecture underlying its proton conduction function, we know little about its conformational dynamics, especially those controlling the rate of this action. Herein, we employ a single‐molecule fluorescence method to assess the dynamics of the inter‐helical channel motion of both full‐length M2 and the transmembrane domain of M2. The rate of this motion depends not only on the identity of the channel and membrane composition but also on the pH in a sigmoidal manner. For the full‐length M2 channel, the rate is increased from approximately 190 μs−1 at high pH to approximately 80 μs−1 at low pH, with a transition midpoint at pH 6.1. Because the latter value is within the range reported for the conducting pKa value of the His37 tetrad, we believe that this inter‐helical motion accompanies proton conduction.
Predation by invasive signal crayfish on early life stages of European barbel may be limited
Authors: Copp Gordon H. , Godard Michael J. , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Ellis Adam , Riley William D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

To determine whether or not signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus and native white‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes prey on European barbel Barbus barbus eggs, interstitial free‐embryos and emergent larvae, experiments were undertaken in salmonid (substratum) incubators (six treatments, four controls) fitted with video recorders.
No corpses or remains of emergent barbel larvae or eggs, or parts thereof, were observed in any of the incubators containing buried eggs, and no emergent larvae showed any sign of attack. However, video evidence of a signal crayfish catching and consuming a barbel larva was obtained.
There were no statistically significant differences between white‐clawed and signal crayfish either in carapace length or weight at the beginning and end of the experiments. The conservation implications of these results are discussed.
Die Europäische Technische Bewertung: unabhängig, bauaufsichtlich anerkannt, europäisch
Authors: Kathage Karsten 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie Europäische Technische Bewertung (ETA) bietet ein europaweit harmonisiertes Verfahren zum Nachweis der wesentlichen Leistungsmerkmale eines Bauprodukts. Das Instrument der Europäischen Technischen Bewertung wurde durch die sogenannte Bauproduktenverordnung (Verordnung (EU) Nr. 305/2011) geschaffen und bietet einen alternativen Weg zur CEKennzeichnung für Bauprodukte, die nicht oder nicht vollständig durch eine harmonisierte Europäische Norm erfasst sind. Vor dem Hintergrund des EuGH‐Urteils in der Rechtssache C‐100/13 beleuchtet der Artikel die Frage, wie die Europäische Technische Bewertung im Rahmen des deutschen Bauordnungsrechts genutzt werden kann, um den Beitrag eines Bauprodukts zur Erfüllung der deutschen Anforderungen an Bauwerke nachzuweisen. Zudem werden die Grundzüge des ETA‐Verfahrens erläutert und dessen Nutzen für die Hersteller erörtert.
Ist‐Zustandserfassung von Parkbauten in Betonbauweise
Authors: Bastert Heinrich 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSchutz und Instandsetzung von Betonbauteilen haben im Bereich von Parkhäusern und Tiefgaragen aufgrund der dort herrschenden Beanspruchungen eine besondere Bedeutung. Dies gilt vorrangig für die Instandhaltung von solchen Parkdecks, die direkt befahren sind, da diese erheblichen Beanspruchungen aus Chloriden in Kombination mit wechselnd nassen und trockenen Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzt sind. Aus diesem Grund werden in der Planungsnorm Eurocode 2 (DIN EN 1992‐1‐1) bei direkt befahrenen Parkdecks auch zusätzliche Maßnahmen gefordert, die teilweise mit konkreten Wartungsintervallen und entsprechenden ‐konzepten verknüpft sind.Eine Instandhaltung im Sinne der Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) besteht dabei nicht nur aus einer regelmäßigen Wartung, sondern auch aus ggf. erforderlichen Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen, um bei aufgetretenen Schäden oder Abnutzungen einen definierten Sollzustand herzustellen. Wichtigste Voraussetzung für die sachkundige Planung von Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen ist die Ist‐Zustandserfassung der betroffenen Betonbauteile. Dazu gehört selbstverständlich nicht nur die Aufnahme von augenfälligen Schadensbildern, sondern auch die eingehende Untersuchung von schadensträchtigen Betonbauteilen. Diese wird üblicherweise mittels einer Kombination aus zerstörungsfreien, zerstörungsarmen und zerstörenden Prüfungen durchgeführt.Zur Konzeption der Ist‐Zustandserfassung von Betonbauteilen gehört u. a. eine fundierte und zielorientierte Auswahl von Verfahren und Verfahrenskombinationen, die für den jeweiligen Einsatz geeignet sind und sich in der Praxis bewährt haben. Neben der fachgerechten Durchführung von Untersuchungen kommt der Beurteilung und Interpretation der Prüfergebnisse eine wesentliche Bedeutung zu.Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die themenbezogenen Inhalte des neuen DBV‐Hefts 39 „Ist‐Zustandserfassung von Parkbauten in Betonbauweise”, welches diesen Fragen nachgeht und entsprechende Antworten bzw. Ansätze für Problemlösungen liefert. Die ausgewählten Themen richten sich an Auftraggeber, planende und überwachende Ingenieure und Bauausführende für Schutz‐ und Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen von Betonbauteilen.
Multistep Organic Transformations over Base‐Rhodium/Diamine‐Bifunctionalized Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Liao Hang , Chou Yajie , Wang Yu , Zhang Han , Cheng Tanyu , Liu Guohua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe assembly of multiple catalytic functionalities within a single mesoporous silica as a catalyst for multistep enantioselective organic transformations in an environmentally friendly medium is a significant challenge in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we took advantage of a BF4− anion hydrogen bonding strategy to anchor a chiral cationic rhodium/diamine complex within base‐functionalized mesostructured silica nanoparticles conveniently to construct a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. The solid‐state 13C NMR spectrum discloses the well‐defined chiral Rh/diamine active species, and we used XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, and electron microscopy to reveal the ordered mesostructure. The combination of bifunctionality in the silica nanoparticles enables two kinds of efficient enantioselective organic transformations with high yields and enantioselectivities, in which the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α‐haloketones followed by epoxidation provides various chiral aryloxiranes, and the amination of α‐haloketones with anilines followed by asymmetric transfer hydrogenation produces various β‐amino alcohols. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recovered and recycled for seven times without a loss of catalytic activity, which is an attractive feature for multistep organic transformations in a sustainable benign process.
How Inter‐ and Intramolecular Reactions Dominate the Formation of Products in Lignin Pyrolysis
Authors: Custodis Victoria B. F. , Hemberger Patrick , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne of the key challenges in renewable chemical production is the conversion of lignin, especially by fast pyrolysis. The complexity of the lignin pyrolysis process has hindered the elucidation of the mechanism, inhibiting further industrial implementation. By combining pyrolysis of model compounds (4‐phenoxyphenol and 2‐methoxy‐phenoxybenzene) with lignin bond characteristics both under vacuum and under realistic pressure conditions, the roles of inter‐ and intramolecular reactions were established. On the one hand, the stable 4‐O‐5 ether bond enables, without breaking, C−C bond formation and even directly forms naphthalene depending on the position and type of the substituent. p‐Benzoquinone intermediates, on the other hand, are highly unstable at ambient pressure and directly decompose into coke and carbon monoxide. The system pressure (radical concentration) plays a crucial role in the dominant reaction mechanism by initiating intramolecular reactions, interfering with intramolecular reactions. H‐transfer and recombination reactions suppress the decarbonylation of phenoxy radicals, thus yielding a very different product distribution.
Zinkfinger gegen Fremd‐DNA
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie größte Familie der Transkriptionsfaktoren im menschlichen Proteom gab der Forschung lange Rätsel auf. Nun stellt sich heraus, dass sie schon seit den Ursprüngen der Säugetier‐Evolution das Genom vor eingeschmuggelter Viren‐DNA und anderen beweglichen Elementen schützt
The effect of packing on direct contact evaporation in spray column
Authors: Hu Runzhi , Jin Yanchao , Huang Qunwu , Wang Yiping , Cui Yong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe direct contact evaporation in countercurrent spray column has been experimentally investigated. Two kinds of random packing were added into the column independently to study their influence on heat transfer process. Three different continuous phase flow rates (150, 200, 250 L/h) and two different dispersed flow rates (6.565, 13.13 L/h) were used in the experiment. The inlet continuous phase temperature ranged from 42 to 57 °C, and the inlet dispersed phase temperature was near its boiling point. The effect of variable factors on the optimal column height, the volumetric heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop, and the thickness of foam layer were studied. The results showed that packing had positive effects on heat transfer, such as decreasing the optimal column height and the thickness of foam layer, increasing heat transfer coefficient. But extra pressure was also obvious. Dixon rings performed better than Raschig rings in the experiments due to their finer structure.
Contribution of the TP53 R337H mutation to the cancer burden in southern Brazil: Insights from the study of 55 families of children with adrenocortical tumors
Authors: Mastellaro Maria J. , Seidinger Ana L. , Kang Guolian , Abrahão Renata , Miranda Eliana C. M. , Pounds Stanley B. , Cardinalli Izilda A. , Aguiar Simone S. , Figueiredo Bonald C. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Brandalise Silvia R. , Yunes José A. , Barros‐Filho Antônio de A. , Ribeiro Raul C. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe tumor protein p53 (TP53) arginine‐to‐histidine mutation at codon 337 (R337H) predisposes children to adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) and, rarely, to other childhood tumors, but its impact on adult cancer remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and types of cancer in relatives of children with ACT who carry the TP53 R337H mutation.METHODSTP53 R337H testing was offered to relatives of probands with ACT. The parental lineage segregating the R337H mutation was identified in all families. The frequency and distribution of cancer types were compared according to R337H status. The authors' data also were compared with those publicly available for children with TP53 mutations other than R337H.RESULTSThe mean and median follow‐up times for the probands with ACT were 11.2 years and 9.7 years (range, 3‐32 years), respectively. During this time, cancer was diagnosed in 12 of 81 first‐degree relatives (14.8%) carrying the R337H mutation but in only 1 of 94 noncarriers (1.1%; P = .0022). At age 45 years, the cumulative risk of cancer was 21% (95% confidence interval, 5%‐33%) in carriers and 2% (95% confidence interval, 0%‐4%) in noncarriers (P = .008). The frequency of cancer was higher in the R337H segregating lineages than in the nonsegregating lineages (249 of 1410 vs 66 of 984 individuals; P < .001). Breast and gastric cancer were the most common types.CONCLUSIONSTP53 R337H carriers have a lifelong predisposition to cancer with a bimodal age distribution: 1 peak, represented by ACT, occurs in the first decade of life, and another peak of diverse cancer types occurs in the fifth decade. The current findings have implications for genetic counseling and surveillance of R337H carriers. Cancer 2017;123:3150–58. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Characteristics and outcomes of older patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia according to treatment approach
Authors: Boddu Prajwal Chaitanya , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Ravandi Farhad , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Verstovsek Srdan , Jabbour Elias J. , Takahashi Koichi , Bhalla Kapil , Konopleva Marina , DiNardo Courtney D. , Ohanian Maro , Pemmaraju Naveen , Jain Nitin , Pierce Sherry , Wierda William G. , Cortes Jorge E. , Kadia Tapan M. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe development of newer strategies to improve outcomes for older patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (s‐AML) is a critical unmet need. Establishing baseline metrics for evaluating newer approaches is important.METHODSs‐AML was defined as 1 or more of the following: a history of an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD), a diagnosis of therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and AML with karyotype abnormalities characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome. Newly diagnosed s‐AML patients aged 60 to 75 years were grouped into 5 treatment cohorts: 1) patients receiving high‐ or intermediate‐dose cytarabine–based intensive chemotherapy (IC), 2) patients receiving a hypomethylating agent (HMA) or HMA combinations, 3) patients receiving low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC) combinations, 4) patients receiving CPX‐351, and 5) patients receiving investigational (INV) agents. Nine hundred thirty‐one patients met the age and s‐AML criteria.RESULTSComplete remission rates were statistically lower in the HMA group (36%) versus the IC (46%), CPX‐351 (45%), and LDAC groups (43%). Patients receiving less intensive regimens (the HMA and LDAC groups combined) had superior overall survival (OS) in comparison with patients receiving IC‐based regimens (median 6.9 vs 5.4 months; P = .048). Only 4.3% of the IC patients proceeded to transplantation, whereas 10.3% of the patients on lower intensity regimens did (P = .001). There was no difference in median survival between patients treated with CPX‐351 and patients treated with conventional lower intensity approaches (P = .75). Age > 70 years, an adverse karyotype, and a prior AHD were associated with decreased OS in a multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSLower intensity approaches are associated with lower early mortality rates and improved OS in comparison with intensive regimens. OS is poor with currently available therapies with a median OS of 6 months (5.4‐7.6 months across regimens). Unsatisfactory outcomes with other INV agents underscore the need for more effective therapies. Cancer 2017;123:3050–60. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Three sides to a story: Child, parent, and nurse perspectives on the child's experience during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ullrich Christina K. , Rodday Angie Mae , Bingen Kristin M. , Kupst Mary Jo , Patel Sunita K. , Syrjala Karen L. , Harris Lynnette L. , Recklitis Christopher J. , Chang Grace , Guinan Eva C. , Terrin Norma , Tighiouart Hocine , Phipps Sean , Parsons Susan K. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe experience of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), including the ways in which different participants (ie, children, parents, and nurses) contribute to the overall picture of a child's experience, is poorly characterized. This study evaluated parent, child, and nurse perspectives on the experience of children during HSCT and factors contributing to interrater differences.METHODSParticipants were enrolled in a multicenter, prospective study evaluating child and parent health‐related quality of life over the year after HSCT. Children (n = 165) and their parents and nurses completed the Behavioral, Affective, and Somatic Experiences Scale (BASES) at baseline (before/during conditioning), 7 days after the stem cell infusion (day+7), and 21 days after the stem cell infusion (day+21). The BASES domains included Somatic Distress, Mood Disturbance, Cooperation, and Getting Along. Higher scores indicated more distress/impairment. Repeated measures models by domain assessed differences by raters and changes over time and identified other factors associated with raters' scores.RESULTSCompletion rates were high (≥73% across times and raters). Multivariate models revealed significant time‐rater interactions, which varied by domain. For example, parent‐rated Somatic Distress scores increased from baseline to day+7 and remained elevated at day+21 (P < .001); children's scores were lower than parents' scores across time points. Nurses' baseline scores were lower than parents' baseline scores, although by day+21 they were similar. Older child age was associated with higher Somatic Distress and Mood Disturbance scores. Worse parent emotional functioning was associated with lower scores across raters and domains except for Cooperation.CONCLUSIONSMultirater assessments are highly feasible during HSCT. Ratings differ by several factors; considering ratings in light of such factors may deepen our understanding of the child's experience. Cancer 2017;123:3159–66. © 2017 American Cancer Society.