bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving lung cancer prognosis assessment by incorporating synthetic minority oversampling technique and score fusion method
Authors: Yan Shiju , Qian Wei , Guan Yubao , Zheng Bin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:This study aims to investigate the potential to improve lung cancer recurrence risk prediction performance for stage I NSCLS patients by integrating oversampling, feature selection, and score fusion techniques and develop an optimal prediction model.Methods:A dataset involving 94 early stage lung cancer patients was retrospectively assembled, which includes CT images, nine clinical and biological (CB) markers, and outcome of 3‐yr disease‐free survival (DFS) after surgery. Among the 94 patients, 74 remained DFS and 20 had cancer recurrence. Applying a computer‐aided detection scheme, tumors were segmented from the CT images and 35 quantitative image (QI) features were initially computed. Two normalized Gaussian radial basis function network (RBFN) based classifiers were built based on QI features and CB markers separately. To improve prediction performance, the authors applied a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and a BestFirst based feature selection method to optimize the classifiers and also tested fusion methods to combine QI and CB based prediction results.Results:Using a leave‐one‐case‐out cross‐validation (K‐fold cross‐validation) method, the computed areas under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were 0.716 ± 0.071 and 0.642 ± 0.061, when using the QI and CB based classifiers, respectively. By fusion of the scores generated by the two classifiers, AUC significantly increased to 0.859 ± 0.052 (p < 0.05) with an overall prediction accuracy of 89.4%.Conclusions:This study demonstrated the feasibility of improving prediction performance by integrating SMOTE, feature selection, and score fusion techniques. Combining QI features and CB markers and performing SMOTE prior to feature selection in classifier training enabled RBFN based classifier to yield improved prediction accuracy.
Method for simulating dose reduction in digital mammography using the Anscombe transformation
Authors: Borges Lucas R. , Oliveira Helder C. R. de , Nunes Polyana F. , Bakic Predrag R. , Maidment Andrew D. A. , Vieira Marcelo A. C. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:This work proposes an accurate method for simulating dose reduction in digital mammography starting from a clinical image acquired with a standard dose.Methods:The method developed in this work consists of scaling a mammogram acquired at the standard radiation dose and adding signal‐dependent noise. The algorithm accounts for specific issues relevant in digital mammography images, such as anisotropic noise, spatial variations in pixel gain, and the effect of dose reduction on the detective quantum efficiency. The scaling process takes into account the linearity of the system and the offset of the detector elements. The inserted noise is obtained by acquiring images of a flat‐field phantom at the standard radiation dose and at the simulated dose. Using the Anscombe transformation, a relationship is created between the calculated noise mask and the scaled image, resulting in a clinical mammogram with the same noise and gray level characteristics as an image acquired at the lower‐radiation dose.Results:The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated using real images acquired with an anthropomorphic breast phantom at four different doses, with five exposures for each dose and 256 nonoverlapping ROIs extracted from each image and with uniform images. The authors simulated lower‐dose images and compared these with the real images. The authors evaluated the similarity between the normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS) and power spectrum (PS) of simulated images and real images acquired with the same dose. The maximum relative error was less than 2.5% for every ROI. The added noise was also evaluated by measuring the local variance in the real and simulated images. The relative average error for the local variance was smaller than 1%.Conclusions:A new method is proposed for simulating dose reduction in clinical mammograms. In this method, the dependency between image noise and image signal is addressed using a novel application of the Anscombe transformation. NNPS, PS, and local noise metrics confirm that this method is capable of precisely simulating various dose reductions.
A reformulation of the ΛΦ diagram for the prediction of ocean acoustic wave propagation regimes
Authors: Colosi John A. 
Published: May 2016

The ΛΦ diagram was a tool introduced in the late 1970s to predict ocean acoustic fluctuation regimes termed unsaturated, partially saturated, and fully saturated, where internal wave sound-speed fluctuations play a dominant role. The ΛΦ parameters reflect, respectively, the strength of diffraction and the root mean square phase fluctuation along a ray path. New oceanographic knowledge of the small scale part of the internal wave spectrum, and high angle Fresnel zone formulations now allow a more stable and accurate calculation of these parameters. An empirical relation between the variance of log-intensity and ΛΦ provides a more accurate border between the unsaturated regime and stronger fluctuations. The new diagram is consistent with six short-range, deep-water experiments in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic oceans with frequencies ranging from 75 to 16 000 Hz. The utility of the ΛΦ diagram is that it provides one of the few means to inter-compare experiments at different geographic locations, different frequencies, and ranges.
Backward masking determination with simultaneous early, middle, and late evoked potentials
Authors: Smith Silas , Sears Robert , Yonovitz Al 
Published: May 2016

Backward masking (BM) functions have been shown to relate to age, lead toxicity, and are differentiated in children with language disorders. These functions may be indicative of auditory processing deficits. This study investigated if evoked potentials (EP) could be utilized to obtain BM functions. A tonal stimulus, followed by an ISI and a noise masker was the EP stimulus. All were studied individually in the appropriate temporal alignment. The design of this study allowed observation of the early, middle, and late auditory evoked potentials. This study randomly presented four different stimulus conditions: (1) tone alone, (2) noise alone, (3) tone and noise, and (4) silence. With a long inter-trial interval (1 s) and high sample rate (25 600 Hz) EP’s were obtained for 4000 trials. The stimuli were pure-tones (1000 Hz, 10 ms duration with a Blackman function and noise bursts of varying intensity and varied ISI. Results indicated that EP’s could be arithmetically combined to observe the differential electrophysiological responses and neurologic loci of evoked potentials during the BM effect.
Nongenetic functions of the genome
Authors: Bustin Michael , Misteli Tom 
Published: May 2016

The nongenetic roles of the nucleus
The eukaryotic cell nucleus provides a home for the genetic material and accessory proteins. As a physical entity, the nucleus also plays an important role in cell dynamics. Bustin and Misteli Review the impacts that the nucleus can have as a nongenetic force. For example, compacted DNA and the nuclear membrane affect nuclear morphology, the cellular response to mechanical force, cell migration, and cell signaling. Chromatin is not only affected by physical forces in cells but participates in a crosstalk of signaling inside cells.

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.aad6933
Complete Genome Sequence of the Larvicidal Bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus Strain OT4b.25
Authors: Rey Andrés , Silva-Quintero Laura , Dussán Jenny 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Lysinibacillus sphaericus
OT4b.25 is a native Colombian strain isolated from coleopteran larvae in an oak forest near Bogotá D.C.; this strain has shown high levels of pathogenic activity against
Culex quinquefasciatus
larvae in laboratory assays compared to that of other members of the same species. Using Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology, we propose a chromosomal contig of 4,665,775 bp that, according to comparative analysis, is highly similar to that of reference strain
L. sphaericus
C3-41.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus Isolated from the Mucus of the Coral
Fungia danai
in the Andaman Sea, India
Authors: Bhotra Tilothama , Singh Durg V. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Vibrio alginolyticus
, a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium, which is found in temperate marine and estuarine environments, is known to cause infections in humans and other organisms. We sequenced the genome of sulfamethoxazole-trimthoprim-positive
V. alginolyticus
strain 4-19 isolated from the mucus of the coral
Fungia danai
in the Andaman Sea, India.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Respiration-Competent Strain Lactobacillus casei N87
Authors: Zotta Teresa , Ricciardi Annamaria , Parente Eugenio , Reale Anna , Ianniello Rocco G. , Bassi Daniela 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus casei
is used as a starter, adjunct, and/or probiotic culture in the production of fermented and functional foods. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the respiration-competent strain
L. casei
N87, isolated from infant feces. This genome information may be useful for the study of respiratory metabolism in lactic acid bacteria.
Seeking Sepsis in the Emergency Department- Identifying Barriers to Delivery of the Sepsis 6
Authors: Bentley James , Henderson Susan , Thakore Shobhan , Donald Michael , Wang Weijie 
Published: May 2016

The Sepsis 6 is an internationally accepted management bundle that, when initiated within one hour of identifying sepsis, can reduce morbidity and mortality. This management bundle was advocated by the Scottish Patient Safety Programme as part of its Acute Adult campaign launched in 2008 and adopted by NHS Tayside in 2012. Despite this, the Emergency Department (ED) of Ninewells Hospital, a tertiary referral centre and major teaching hospital in Scotland, was displaying poor success in the Sepsis 6.We therefore set out to improve compliance by evaluating the application of all aspects of the NHS Tayside Sepsis 6 bundle within one hour of ED triage time, to identify what human factors may influence achieving the one hour The Sepsis 6 bundle. This allowed us to tailor a number of specific interventions including educational sessions, regular audit and personal feedback and check list Sepsis 6 sticker. These interventions promoted a steady increase in compliance from an initial rate of 51.0% to 74.3%.The project highlighted that undifferentiated patients create a challenge in initiating the Sepsis 6. Pyrexia is a key human factor-trigger for recognising sepsis with initial nursing assessment being vital in recognition and identifying the best area (resus) of the department to manage severely septic patients. EDs need to recognise these challenges and develop educational and feedback plans for staff and utilise available resources to maximise the Sepsis 6 compliance.
A study of attitudes, beliefs and organisational barriers related to safe emergency oxygen therapy for patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in clinical practice and research
Authors: O'Driscoll B Ronan , Bakerly Nawar Diar , Caress Ann-Louise , Roberts June , Gaston Miriam , Newton Mark , Yorke Janelle 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundPatients can be harmed by receiving too little or too much oxygen. There is ongoing disagreement about the use of oxygen in medical emergencies.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study (survey, telephone interviews and focus groups) involving patients, the public and healthcare professionals (HCPs).Results62 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 65 members of the public, 68 ambulance crew members, 22 doctors, 22 nurses and 10 hospital managers took part. For five factual questions about oxygen therapy, the average score for correct answers was 28% for patients with COPD, 33% for the general public and 75% for HCPs. The HCPs had an average score of 66% for five technical questions. Patients (79%) and members of the public (68%) were more likely than HCPs (36%) to believe that oxygen was beneficial in most medical emergencies and less likely to have concerns that it might harm some people (35%, 25% and 68%). All groups had complex attitudes about research into oxygen use in medical emergencies. Many participants would not wish for themselves or their loved ones to have their oxygen therapy determined by a randomised protocol, especially if informed consent was not possible in an emergency situation.ConclusionsWe have found low levels of factual knowledge about oxygen use among patients with COPD and the general public and many false beliefs about the potential benefits and harms of using oxygen. HCPs had a higher level of factual knowledge. All groups had complex attitudes towards research into emergency oxygen use.
ОЦІНКА МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ НЕФРОПРОТЕКТОРНОЇ ДІЇ КАНЕФРОНУ® Н У ХВОРИХ НА ПОДАГРИЧНУ НЕФРОПАТІЮ
Authors: Smiyan S. I. , Franchuk M. V. , Slaba U. S. , Komorovskyi R. R. , Hrymaliuk N. V. 
Published: May 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. Зі стійким підвищенням сечової кислоти в крові ризик розвитку хронічної ниркової недостатності<br />зростає у 3–10 разів. Відомо, що білкові фракції тісно корелюють із рівнем сечової кислоти, і саме тому<br />мікроальбумінурію та мікроглобулінурію вважають ранньою ознакою ураження нирок. Обстежено 50 хворих<br />чоловічої статі на подагру, серед яких шляхом визначення мікропротеїнурії у 60 % констатовано подагричну<br />нефропатію. Для нефропротекторного лікування обрано комбінований фітопрепарат – Канефрон Н (Біонорика,<br />Ноймаркт, Німеччина), який також позитивно зарекомендував себе у пацієнтів з порушенням ліпідного обміну.<br />Серед пацієнтів, які брали участь у дослідженні, всі були чоловіками з надлишковою масою тіла. Встановлено,<br />що включення Канефрону Н у комплексне лікування разом зі стандартною гіпоурикемічною терапією сприяє<br />достовірному зменшенню рівня сечової кислоти в крові та збільшенню її виведення із сечею, а також чинить<br />нефропротекторну дію, яка проявляється достовірним зниженням мікроальбумінурії та мікроглобулінурії.</p><p><br />КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: подагра, ураження нирок, гіперурикемія, Канефрон Н, мікроальбумінурія, мікроглобулінурія.</p>
Acute-Phase Blood Pressure Levels Correlate With a High Risk of Recurrent Strokes in Young-Onset Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mustanoja Satu , Putaala Jukka , Gordin Daniel , Tulkki Lauri , Aarnio Karoliina , Pirinen Jani , Surakka Ida , Sinisalo Juha , Lehto Mika , Tatlisumak Turgut 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
High blood pressure (BP) in acute stroke has been associated with a poor outcome; however, this has not been evaluated in young adults.

Methods—
The relationship between BP and long-term outcome was assessed in 1004 consecutive young, first-ever ischemic stroke patients aged 15 to 49 years enrolled in the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. BP parameters included systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure at admission and 24 hours. The primary outcome measure was recurrent stroke in the long-term follow-up. Adjusted for demographics and preexisting comorbidities, Cox regression models were used to assess independent BP parameters associated with outcome.

Results—

Of our patients (63% male), 393 patients (39%) had prestroke hypertension and 358 (36%) used antihypertensive treatment. The median follow-up period was 8.9 years (interquartile range 5.7–13.2). Patients with a recurrent stroke (n=142, 14%) had significantly higher admission SBP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure (
P
<0.001) and 24-h SBP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure compared with patients without the recurrent stroke. Patients with SBP ≥160 mm Hg compared with those with SBP <160 mm Hg had significantly more recurrent strokes (hazard ratio 3.3 [95% confidence interval, 2.05–4.55];
P
<0.001) occurring earlier (13.9 years [13.0–14.6] versus 16.2 [15.8–16.6];
P
<0.001) within the follow-up period. In multivariable analyses, higher admission SBP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were independently associated with the risk of recurrent stroke, while the 24-hour BP levels were not.

Conclusions—
In young ischemic stroke patients, high acute phase BP levels are independently associated with a high risk of recurrent strokes.
The Super Greenhouse Effect in a Changing Climate
Authors: Stephens Graeme L. , Kahn Brian H. , Richardson Mark 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In all outputs of the 1% yr−1 increase in CO2 climate model experiments archived under the World Climate Research Programme’s (WCRP) phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), regions exist in the low latitudes where both the clear-sky and all-sky OLR decrease with surface warming. These are identified as regions of positive longwave feedback and are regions of a super greenhouse effect (SGE). These SGE regions are identified from feedback analysis of the 4 × CO2 abrupt experiments of CMIP5, and despite their existence, there is little agreement across models as to the magnitude of the effect. The general effects of clouds on the SGE are to amplify the clear-sky SGE, but there is also poor agreement on the magnitude of the amplification that varies by an order of magnitude across models. Sensitivity analyses indicate that localized SGE regions are spatially aligned with a large moistening of the upper troposphere. The reduction in clear-sky OLR arises from a reduction in emission in the far IR with nonnegligible contributions from mid-IR emission from the midtroposphere. When viewed in the broader context of meridional heat transport, it is found that of the 1.03-PW rate of heat gained globally, 0.8 PW is absorbed in the tropics and is contributed almost equally by reductions in clear-sky longwave emission (i.e., the clear-sky SGE) and increased absorbed clear-sky solar radiation associated with increased water vapor. The processes that define the clear-sky SGE are shown to be fundamental to the way models accumulate heat and then transport it poleward.
Calving Signature in Ocean Waves at Helheim Glacier and Sermilik Fjord, East Greenland
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Holland David M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen glaciers calve icebergs, a fraction of the released potential energy is radiated away via gravity waves. The characteristics of such waves, caused by iceberg calving on Helheim Glacier in east Greenland, are investigated. Observations were collected from an array of five high-frequency bottom pressure meters placed along Sermilik Fjord. Calving-generated tsunami waves were identified and used to construct a calving event catalog. Calving events are observed to cluster around high and low semidiurnal tides and around high and prior-to-low semimonthly tides. In the postcalving ocean state, discrete spectral peaks associated with calving events are observed, and they are consistent among all the events. A numerical model is used to compute the resonant modes of the fjord and to simulate calving-generated ocean waves. Damped oscillator boundary forcing with 5- to 10-min periods is found to reproduce well the observed properties of calving waves. These observations and modeling are relevant for better understanding of wave dynamics in glacier fjords.
Synoptic Pattern Analysis and Climatology of Ice and Snowstorms in the Southern Great Plains, 1993–2011
Authors: Mullens Esther D. , Leslie Lance M. , Lamb Peter J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWinter storms in the southern United States can significantly impact infrastructure and the economy. In this study, National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Event Database and local climate summaries, are used to develop a spatial climatology of freezing precipitation (freezing rain and ice pellets) and snow over the southern Great Plains, 1993–2011. Principal component analysis is performed on the 500-hPa height field, at the approximate onset time of precipitation, for 33 freezing precipitation and 42 snow case studies, to differentiate common synoptic flow fields associated with precipitation type. The five leading patterns for each precipitation type are retained. Composites of temperature, moisture, pressure, and wind fields are constructed and extended 24 h before and after precipitation initiation to track the storm system evolution. Many 500-hPa flow fields are similar for both precipitation types. However, snow-dominant events have stronger and/or more frequent surface cyclone development. Freezing precipitation is associated with the southward propagation of an Arctic anticyclone well ahead of precipitation, weak or absent surface cyclone formation, and a more western trough axis. High-impact ice storms in the region often have slow-moving upper-level flow, persistent isentropic ascent over a surface quasi-stationary front with strongly positive moisture anomalies, and warm layer airmass trajectories originating over the Gulf of Mexico. The results here are based on a relatively small sample size. However, this work is intended to be useful for forecasters, in particular as a pattern recognition aid in predicting the evolution of precipitation within southern Great Plains winter storms.
Educational Pathways and Change in Crime Between Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Authors: Swisher Raymond R. , Dennison Christopher R. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives: This article examines the relationship between intergenerational educational pathways and change in crime. Moreover, it examines the potential mediating roles of family and employment transitions, economic stressors, and social psychological factors. Method: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 14,742) and negative binomial models are used to assess associations between educational pathways (i.e., upward, downward, and stable) and change in crime between adolescence and early adulthood. Selection effects are assessed with lagged dependent variables and controls for self-control, grades, and the Add Health Picture Vocabulary Test. Results: Intergenerational educational pathways are significantly associated with changes in crime. Downward educational pathways were predictive of increases in crime, whereas upward pathways were associated with decreases in crime. These associations were partly mediated by family transitions, and more strongly by economic stressors. These results were robust to controls for selection related variables. Conclusions: This study is among the first to examine the relationship between intergenerational educational pathways and crime in the United States. Both upward and downward changes in educational attainments were found to be significant for crime. These findings are notable given the continuing expansion of higher education as well as concerns regarding increasing stratification and downward mobility in the United States.