bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of Gre factors leads to phenotypic heterogeneity and cheating in
Escherichia coli
populations under nitric oxide stress
Authors: Sivaloganathan Darshan M. , Wan Xuanqing , Leon Gabrielle , Brynildsen Mark P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Nitric oxide (·NO) is one of the toxic metabolites that bacteria can be exposed to within phagosomes. Gre factors, which are also known as transcript cleavage factors or transcription elongation factors, relieve back-tracked transcription elongation complexes by cleaving nascent RNAs, which allows transcription to resume after stalling. Here we discovered that loss of both Gre factors in
Escherichia coli
, GreA and GreB, significantly compromised ·NO detoxification due to ·NO-induced phenotypic heterogeneity in Δ
greA
Δ
greB
populations, which did not occur in wild-type cultures. Under normal culturing conditions, both wild-type and Δ
greA
Δ
greB
synthesized transcripts uniformly, whereas treatment with ·NO led to bimodal transcript levels in Δ
greA
Δ
greB
that were unimodal in wild-type. Interestingly, exposure to another toxic metabolite of phagosomes, hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), produced analogous results. Furthermore, we showed that loss of Gre factors led to cheating under ·NO stress where transcriptionally deficient cells benefited from the detoxification activities of the transcriptionally proficient subpopulation. Collectively, these results show that loss of Gre factor activities produces phenotypic heterogeneity under ·NO and H
2
O
2
stress that can yield cheating between subpopulations.

IMPORTANCE

Toxic metabolite stress occurs in a broad range of contexts that are important to human health, microbial ecology, and biotechnology, whereas Gre factors are highly conserved throughout the bacterial kingdom. Here we discovered that loss of Gre factors in
E. coli
leads to phenotypic heterogeneity under ·NO and H
2
O
2
stress, which we further show with ·NO results in cheating between subpopulations. Collectively, these data suggest that Gre factors play a role in coping with toxic metabolite stress, and that loss of Gre factors can produce cheating between neighbors.
Efflux pumps mediate changes to fundamental bacterial physiology via membrane potential
Authors: Whittle Emily E. , Orababa Oluwatosin , Osgerby Alexander , Siasat Pauline , Element Sarah J. , Blair Jessica M. A. , Overton Tim W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Efflux pumps are well known to be an important mechanism for removing noxious substances such as antibiotics from bacteria. Given that many antibiotics function by accumulating inside bacteria, efflux pumps contribute to resistance. Efflux pump inactivation is a potential strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance, as bacteria would not be able to pump out antibiotics. We recently discovered that the impact of loss of efflux function is only apparent in actively growing cells. We demonstrated that the global transcriptome of
Salmonella
Typhimurium is drastically altered during slower growth leading to stationary-phase cells having a remodeled, less permeable envelope that prevents antibiotics entering the cell. Here, we investigated the effects of deleting the major efflux pump of
Salmonella
Typhimurium, AcrB, on global gene transcription across growth. We revealed that an
acrB
knockout entered stationary phase later than the wild-type strain SL1344 and displayed increased and prolonged expression of genes responsible for anaerobic energy metabolism. We devised a model linking efflux and membrane potential, whereby deactivation of AcrB prevents influx of protons across the inner membrane and thereby hyperpolarization. Knockout or deactivation of AcrB was demonstrated to increase membrane potential. We propose that the global transcription regulator ArcBA senses changes to the redox state of the quinol pool (linked to the membrane potential of the bacterium) and coordinates the shift from exponential to stationary phase via the key master regulators RpoS, Rsd, and Rmf. Inactivation of efflux pumps therefore influences the fundamental physiology of
Salmonella
, with likely impacts on multiple phenotypes.

IMPORTANCE
We demonstrate for the first time that deactivation of efflux pumps brings about changes to gross bacterial physiology and metabolism. Rather than simply being a response to noxious substances, efflux pumps appear to play a key role in maintenance of membrane potential and thereby energy metabolism. This discovery suggests that efflux pump inhibition or inactivation might have unforeseen positive consequences on antibiotic activity. Given that stationary-phase bacteria are more resistant to antibiotic uptake, late entry into stationary phase would prolong antibiotic accumulation by bacteria. Furthermore, membrane hyperpolarization could result in increased generation of reactive species proposed to be important for the activity of some antibiotics. Finally, changes in gross physiology could also explain the decreased virulence of efflux mutants.
Increase in the Resolution of Hard X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging in a Device Based on a Triple Laue-Case Interferometer
Authors: Haroutunyan L. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The possibility of increasing the resolution of X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a device based on a triple Laue-case interferometer is considered. To address one of the drawbacks of this scheme—the distortion of the interference pattern during diffraction of the object wave on the interferometer analyzer—it is proposed to replace the analyzer with two crystalline blocks of equal thickness. These blocks act as a diffraction lens, suppressing the mentioned distortions. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the low coherence of the initial radiation increases the quality of phase-contrast imaging using this method.
Fabrication, photovoltaic analysis, and electrical characterization of Au/ZnTPyP/p-Si/Ag heterojunction under gamma radiation effect for solar cell applications
Authors: Elesh E. , Abul-Nasr Kareem T. , Damhogi D. G. El- 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe main objective of the current study is to investigate the impact of gamma rays on the characteristics and behavior of a fabricated heterojunction device based on tetra pyridyl-porphine zinc (ZnTPyP). The importance of this study includes determining critical parameters such as conversion efficiency (η). A cobalt-60 gamma source has been employed to investigate the effects of gamma exposure dosages ranging from 0 to 5 kGy on the morphological and optical features of the studied material. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to examine the morphological characteristics of the ZnTPyP film that formed on the glass substrate. The thin film’s optical characteristics were investigated on quartz for both as-deposited and irradiated films at various gamma doses (1 kGy and 3 kGy). Additionally, ZnTPyP is evaporated on p-type silicon substrates to create ZnTPyP/p-Si heterojunction. The current–voltage (I–V) curves at various doses of gamma radiation at 0, 1, 3, and 5 kGy for Au/ ZnTPyP /p-Si/Ag heterojunction device are experimentally measured. The predominant conduction processes are the thermionic emission and single-trap space-charge-limited current (SCLC). Furthermore, the values of the barrier height $$\left( {\varphi_{B} } \right)$$

φ
B

are estimated using two different methods, including I–V method and Norde’s equations at different doses, and their values are comparable. Under illumination at 0 kGy, we found the values of short-circuit current (Isc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and photoconversion efficiency (η) to be 0.92 mA, 0.41 V, and 4.28%, respectively. On the hand, some important optical parameters are determined for both as-deposited and irradiated ZnTPyP films, such as skin depth (δ), and found that δ values reduce with increasing gamma doses, reflecting the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic cells. Finally, the study indicated the alteration in the studied optical parameters and slightly enhanced the Au/ZnTPyP/p-Si/Ag heterojunction efficiency when subjected to gamma radiation.
Esmeraldino Salles (1916 - 1979) documentado pela imprensa: uma incursão no Acervo da Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional
Authors: Castro Felipe Siles de 
Published: September 2024

This article describes the process, methodology and results of a search in the National Library’s Digital Library for the São Paulo musician Esmeraldino Salles, who lived between 1916 and 1979. The Hemeroteca Digital has an important digitalized collection of newspapers, magazines and periodicals, photocopied and scanned, and the optical character recognition technology allows keyword searches, opening up enormous possibilities for researching the careers of musicians unknown to the general public. The aim of this paper is to document the results obtained from this source, describing and mapping Esmeraldino’s main professional activities as a musician: 1) performing on Rádio Tupi and television; 2) accompanying singers in São Paulo’s nightlife, in bars, nightclubs and concert halls; 3) photographic records; and 4) recording phonograms and albums. Through this description and mapping of data obtained from the Hemeroteca Digital, we can get an idea of the repercussions of Esmeraldino Salles’ work in his heyday, as well as the public’s perception of him.
Value of Ischemia and Coronary Anatomy in Prognosis and Guiding Revascularization Among Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Patel Krishna K. , Peri-Okonny Poghni A. , Giorgetti Assuero , Shaw Leslee J. , Gimelli Alessia 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The value of physiological ischemia versus anatomic severity of disease for prognosis and management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely debated.

METHODS:
A total of 1764 patients who had rest-stress cadmium-zinc-telluride single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging and angiography (invasive or computed tomography) were prospectively enrolled and followed for cardiac death/nonfatal myocardial infarction. The CAD prognostic index (CADPI) was used to quantify the extent and severity of angiographic disease. Prognostic value was assessed using Cox models, adjusted for pretest risk, known CAD, stressor, left ventricular ejection fraction, %ischemia and infarct, CADPI, and early (90-day) revascularization. Incremental prognostic value was evaluated using net reclassification index.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 69.7±9.5 years, 24.4% were women, and 29.3% had known CAD. Significant ischemia (>10%) was present in 28.4%. Nonobstructive, single, and multivessel disease was present in 256 (14.5%), 772 (43.8%), and 736 (41.7%), respectively. Early revascularization occurred in 579 (32.8%). Cardiac death/myocardial infarction occurred in 148 (8.4%) over a 4.6-year median follow-up. Both %ischemia and CADPI provided independent and incremental prognostic value over pretest clinical risk (
P
<0.001). In a model containing both ischemia and anatomy, ischemia was prognostic (hazard ratio per 5% ↑, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.11–1.63];
P
=0.002) but CADPI was not (hazard ratio per 10-unit ↑, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.99–1.20];
P
=0.07). Early revascularization modified the risk associated with %ischemia (interaction
P
=0.003) but not with CADPI (interaction
P
=0.6). %Ischemia and single-photon emission computed tomography variables added incremental prognostic value over clinical risk and CADPI (net reclassification index, 20.3% [95% CI, 9%–32%];
P
<0.05); however, CADPI was not incrementally prognostic beyond pretest risk, %ischemia, and single-photon emission computed tomography variables (net reclassification index, 3.1% [95% CI, −5% to 15%];
P
=0.21).

CONCLUSIONS:
Ischemic burden provides independent and incremental prognostic value beyond CAD anatomy and identifies patients who benefit from early revascularization. The anatomic extent of disease has independent prognostic value over clinical risk factors but offers limited incremental benefit for prognosis and guiding revascularization beyond physiological severity (ischemia).
Review of Givira Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Hypoptinae) with description of a new species
Authors: NAYDENOV ARTEM E. , YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , PENCO FERNANDO C. 
Published: September 2024

American carpenter moths from the genus Givira Walker, 1856 are reviewed to expand knowledge on the subfamily Hypoptinae Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894. Features of the genus and three previously known species are redescribed and detailed diagnoses are provided for each taxon. The fourth species of the genus—Givira cinnamonea sp. nov. from Brazil (Minas Gerais)—is described. Up-to-date distributional maps are provided.
Early Versus Late Administration of Long-Acting Insulin in Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Do Michael M. , Fleury Jacklyn A. , Morgan Grant P. , Hall Zimmerman Lisa , Hanni Claudia M. , Sulaiman Hiba , Lutz Mark F. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Evidence is inconclusive if early administration of subcutaneous (SQ) long-acting insulin (LAI) in management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) improves outcomes. Objective: This study compares early versus late administration of SQ LAI in time to DKA resolution. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included patients with DKA who received ≥12 hours of continuous intravenous insulin (CIVI) with LAI overlap. Patients were compared based on LAI administration time to CIVI initiation: Early (<12 hours) versus Late (≥12 hours). The DKA resolution is defined as blood glucose < 200 mg/dL and 2 of the following: anion gap < 12 mEq/L, pH > 7.35, or serum carbon dioxide >15 mEq/L. Outcomes included time to DKA resolution, length of stay (LOS), CIVI duration, and adverse events. Results: A total of 27 patients were included in each group. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. There was no difference in time to DKA resolution, Early = 17.6 (13.9-26.8) hours versus Late = 19.2 (17.1-32.1) hours, P = 0.16. The Early group had shorter CIVI duration (Early = 19.5 ± 10.3 hours vs Late = 25.6 ± 8.4 hours, P = 0.02) and received less intravenous (IV) fluids in the first 36 hours (Early = 4.04 ± 2.12 L vs Late = 5.85 ± 2.24 L, P = 0.004). No differences were identified with adverse events, including hypoglycemia, or LOS. Conclusion and Relevance: Administration of SQ LAI < 12 hours did not decrease time to DKA resolution or LOS. Patients in the Early group had received a lower dose of LAI, shorter duration of CIVI infusion, and required less IV fluids within 36 hours of admission. This study supports the need for further research to determine the potential benefits of administering SQ insulin early in managing DKA.
Incidence of Acute Mountain Sickness in Adolescents Backpacking at Philmont Scout Ranch
Authors: Sharp Courtney LL , Ditmars Hayley , Stoltzfus Ky , Filardi Tanya , Mullan Aidan F. , Hyde Robert J. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Individuals ascending to elevations above 2500 m are at risk of developing altitude illness. We sought to establish the incidence and to determine what risk factors, if any, increased the likelihood of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS) in adolescents at Philmont Scout Ranch (PSR) in Cimarron, New Mexico. PSR, with elevations ranging from 2011 to 3792 m, attracts thousands of adolescent participants each year, many of whom arrive from lower elevations with little or no experience ascending to high altitude. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of adolescent participants aged 14 to 19 years who ascended to a minimum of 3000 m while trekking from June to July 2021. Prior to the start of each participant's trek, pretrek survey data were obtained at PSR's basecamp (2011 m). During the trek at 3048 m, the Lake Louise AMS score was used to diagnose AMS. Results The incidence of AMS in our study was 13.7%. Participants reporting a history of daily headaches had more than four times the risk of developing AMS. A history of gastrointestinal problems carried three times the risk of developing AMS, and a prior history of AMS increased the risk of developing AMS by 44%. Conclusions Our findings enhance our understanding of AMS risk in adolescents and may provide guidance to youth for developing AMS. For individuals with a history of headaches or gastrointestinal problems or a prior history of AMS, there may be an opportunity to reduce the risk of developing AMS.
Preliminary Exploration of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in the Management of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Guo Shibo , Lyu Zhehao , Duan Chunyu , Wang Hui , Xu Peng , Han Wei , Fu Peng 
Published: September 2024

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by inflammation and osteoblastic changes in the sacroiliac joint. As a potential imaging method for the early assessment of AS, positron emission tomography (PET) can quantify systemic disease activity, which is conducive to monitoring the progression of disease activity and assisting in evaluating the efficacy of the treatment. Objective The study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of aluminium-[18F]fuoride(Al18F)-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/computed tomography (CT) in AS and to investigate its ability to assess disease activity during the development of AS. Material and Methods Twenty AS participants who met the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria and were in an active disease stage were included in this study from May 2022 to April 2023. Sixteen healthy controls were also inrolled. All participants underwent Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging after collecting clinical assessment and laboratory results. The correlation between positive joint count (PJC) and systemic joint standard uptake value ratio (SUVR, the mean SUVmax of the 5 highest joints/SUVmax of the uninvolved sacrum) on PET and clinical disease activity assessment and various laboratory tests were analyzed. Results A total of 2820 joints were observed in 20 participants (median age 34.5,[21-61]range, 15 men), with a PJC of 1300 (46.7%), and 39 positive uptakes were found in 40 sacroiliac joints (97.5%). PET/CT images revealed FAPI-04 uptake in both sacroiliac joints in 2 participants without radiographic sacroiliitis in the early stages of AS and varying degrees of uptake in the sacroiliac joints and spinal joints in the remaining participants. PJC and SUVR were positively correlated with most clinical assessments and laboratory findings ( P < .05), and SUVR of the sacroiliac joint was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L; r = 0.498, P = .026). Conclusion Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT was highly sensitive to systemic arthritic changes in AS participants and correlated with clinical disease activity and laboratory tests.
Parent and Young Adult Perspectives About the Transition to College During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ness Michelle M. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of COVID-19 on parents and their young adults with type 1 diabetes as they navigated the college environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants A sample of 9 college students with type 1 diabetes and their parents were recruited to participate in interviews via purposive sampling methodology. Methods A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured questions via recorded video conferencing interviews. Results Three themes related to navigating type 1 diabetes at college during the pandemic emerged: (1) isolation and mental health: COVID-19-related isolation and loneliness; (2) risk and exposure to COVID-19: balancing risk of COVID-19 with type 1 diabetes; and (3) management of type 1 diabetes on campus during the pandemic: academics, university policies, and their impact on type 1 diabetes. Conclusions Students with type 1 diabetes and their parents had to navigate a complex set of concerns that extended beyond the usual challenges of diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providers must provide additional support and incorporate education about type 1 diabetes management strategies to families affected by large-scale health crises.
Effect of polishing process on torque loss ratio and microgap of selective laser melting abutment: an in vitro study
Authors: Zhong Peixing , Deng Limei , Xu Sheng , Cao Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of polishing post-treatment process on the torque loss ratio and microgap of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) abutments before and after mechanical cycling test through improving the surface roughness of the implant-abutment interface.

Materials and methods
Forty SLM abutments were fabricated, with 20 underwent minor back-cutting, designated as polishing, in the implant-abutment interface. The abutments were divided into three groups: SLM abutments (group A), original abutments (group B), and polished SLM abutments (group C), each containing 20 abutments. Surface roughness was evaluated using a laser microscope. Implant-abutment specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling test, and disassembly torque values were measured before and after. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure microgap after longitudinal sectioning of specimens. Correlation between surface roughness, torque loss ratio, and microgap were evaluated. LSD’s test and Tamhane’s T2 comparison were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).

Results
The Sz value of polished SLM abutments (6.86 ± 0.64 μm) demonstrated a significant reduction compared to SLM abutments (26.52 ± 7.12 μm). The torque loss ratio of polished SLM abutments (24.16%) was significantly lower than SLM abutments (58.26%), while no statistically significant difference that original abutments (18.23%). The implant-abutment microgap of polished SLM abutments (2.38 ± 1.39 μm) was significantly lower than SLM abutments (8.69 ± 5.30 μm), and this difference was not statistically significant with original abutments (1.87 ± 0.81 μm). A significant positive correlation was identified between Sz values and the ratio of torque loss after cycling test (r = 0.903, P < 0.01), as well as Sz values and the microgap for all specimens in SLM abutments and polished SLM abutments (r = 0.800, P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated that the polishing step of minor back-cutting can lead to a notable improvement in the roughness of SLM abutments interface, which subsequently optimized the implant-abutment fit. It can be seen that the application of minor back-cutting method has advanced the clinical use of SLM abutments.