bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of epirubicin‐incorporating micelles tagged with anti‐tissue factor antibody clone with no anticoagulant effect
Authors: Sugaya Akinori , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Koga Yoshikatsu , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Takashima Hiroki , Sato Ryuta , Tsumura Ryo , Furuya Fumiaki , Yasunaga Masahiro , Harada Mitsunori , Tanaka Ryosuke , Matsumura Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2015

Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade, is overexpressed in different types of cancer. Tissue factor overexpression is also known as a poor prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. We recently developed anti‐TF antibody (clone1849)‐conjugated epirubicin‐incorporating micelles (NC‐6300), and reported that this anti‐TF1849‐NC‐6300 showed enhanced antitumor activity against TF‐high expressed human pancreatic cancer cells, when compared with NC‐6300 alone. However, clone 1849 antibody inhibited TF‐associated blood coagulation activity. We studied another anti‐TF antibody, clone 1859, which had no effect on blood coagulation and prepared anti‐TF1859‐NC‐6300. In addition, to determine the optimum size of the antibody fragment to conjugate with NC‐6300, three forms of the 1859 antibody (whole IgG, F[ab’]2, and Fab’) were conjugated to NC‐6300. The antitumor effect of each anti‐TF1859‐NC‐6300 was studied in vitro and in vivo, using two human pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC3 with high‐expressed TF, and SUIT2 with low levels of TF. In vitro, all forms of anti‐TF1859‐NC‐6300 showed higher cytocidal effects than NC‐6300 in BxPC3, whereas this enhanced effect was not observed in SUIT2. Likewise, all forms of anti‐TF1859‐NC‐6300 significantly suppressed tumor growth when compared to NC‐6300 in the BxPC3, but not in the SUIT2, xenograft model. Among the three forms of conjugates, anti‐TF1859‐IgG‐NC‐6300 had a higher antitumor tendency in TF‐high expressed cells. Thus, we have confirmed an enhanced antitumor effect of anti‐TF1859‐NC‐6300 in a TF‐high expressing tumor; anti‐TF1859‐IgG‐NC‐6300 could be used to simplify the manufacturing process of the antibody–micelle conjugation for future clinical studies.
A 15‐Year Comparative Prospective Study of Surgical and Prosthetic Care and Aftercare of Overdenture Treatment in the Atrophied Mandible: Augmentation Versus Nonaugmentation
Authors: Visser Anita , Stellingsma Cornelis , Raghoebar Gerry M , Meijer Henny JA , Vissink Arjan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundDifferent treatment strategies for the atrophied mandible are described in literature. The need for long term care and aftercare for these strategies is sparsely described, however.PurposeTo prospectively assess the need for prosthetic and surgical care and aftercare of two implant treatment strategies for the atrophied mandible.Materials and MethodsForty edentulous elderly patients were randomly assigned according to a balanced allocation method to a treatment strategy: dental implants in combination with an augmentation procedure versus a nonaugmentation procedure. All surgical and prosthetic care and aftercare were scored from the first visit until 15 years after implant placement.ResultsTwenty elderly patients completed the 15‐year follow‐up. As expected, the augmentation group needed significantly more surgical time than the nonaugmentation group (338 vs 145 minutes), but the need for prosthetic care and surgical/prosthetic aftercare was comparable. Implant survival was lower in augmented mandibles (88.7% vs 98.7%, p < .05). Aftercare mainly consisted of routine inspections; the need for prosthetic adjustments was minor. Surgical aftercare was hardly needed.ConclusionThe only difference in the need for surgical and prosthetic (after) care was the extra time needed for performing augmentation surgery and the higher risk on implant loss in augmented mandibles. Otherwise, the need for care and aftercare was of the same magnitude. Thus, when applicable, nonaugmentation surgery is preferred as no general anesthesia is needed and the morbidity is low.
Structuring Supplier Involvement in New Product Development: A China–U.S. Study
Authors: Yan Tingting , Nair Anand 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBuying and supplying organizations rely on each other for developing better products in an efficient manner, which explains the popularity of involving suppliers in new product development (NPD). However, such involvement is not always successful, partially due to the challenges of structuring a buyer–supplier team to manage joint dependence and dependence asymmetry. This study adopts an organizational dependence view to examine how three types of intergroup structures—administrative (formalization and centralization), task (task interdependence), and physical (colocation)—influence project performance and buyer learning in NPD projects. Furthermore, adopting a contingency theory perspective, we study whether the national context moderates the effects of intergroup structures on project outcomes. We adopt a two‐group structural equation modeling approach to test hypotheses with survey responses from a sample of NPD projects in the United States (US) and China. Results show different ways in which intergroup structures influence project performance and buyer learning in the two culturally, economically, and institutionally distinct countries. We discuss the implications of these new findings and present directions for future research.
Hepatocyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells is modulated by stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 activity
Authors: Rahimi Yaghoub , Mehdizadeh Amir , Nozad Charoudeh Hojjatollah , Nouri Mohammad , Valaei Kobra , Fayezi Shabnam , Darabi Masoud 
Published: December 2015

Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) plays important roles in organ development, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and cancer. Here, we examined the role of SCD1 for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells to liver cells by using drug inhibition and biochemical experiments. hiPS cells cultured in a pro‐hepatic medium were exposed to an SCD1 inhibitor at various stages throughout differentiation. Liver‐specific markers, specifically α‐fetoprotein, albumin and urea in conditioned medium, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) gene expressions and triglyceride in cellular extracts were analyzed at various development stages. Measures of hepatocyte‐specific function and triglyceride accumulation in later stages were strongly inhibited a minimum of −29% (P < 0.05) by SCD1 inhibitor in the early stage of hepatic differentiation and effectively reversed (>30%, P < 0.01) by the addition of oleate. The results were also reproducible with human primary mononuclear cells (hPMN). SCD1 inhibitor had no significant effect on liver‐specific markers when it was added in the hepatic maturation stage. However, it strikingly led to higher albumin (1.6‐fold, P = 0.03) and urea (1.9‐fold, P = 0.02) production, and HNF4α (1.9‐fold, P = 0.02) and CYP7A1 (1.3‐fold, P = 0.03) expression upon incubation during the lineage‐commitment stage. Hepatic differentiation from cultured hiPS cells is sensitive to SCD1 inhibition and this sensitivity is affected by the stage of cellular differentiation. Notably, findings also indicate that this notion can be extended to hPMN. The requirement for SCD1 activity in functional differentiation of hepatocytes may have relevance for human liver disease and metabolic dysregulation.
Unravelling the Philosophies Underlying ‘Animal Personality’ Studies: A Brief Re‐Appraisal of the Field
Authors: David Morgan , Dall Sasha R. X. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe last decade has seen lots of studies on ‘animal personality’ (i.e. the study of consistent between‐individual behavioural differences). As timely and promising as this field is, its development has come with a diversity of research questions. As an unfortunate consequence, it now suffers from substantial confusion about what ‘animal personality’ is, and how relevant related research frameworks are. Here, we stress the current inconsistencies and sources of confusion pertaining to the field, and their consequences on terminology used and miscommunication between researchers. In an attempt to unravel and clarify the concepts underlying the field, we identify two distinct, but complementary, theory‐driven conceptual frameworks: the intra‐individual variability (IIV) approach and the life‐history (LH) approach, which we believe encompass the vast majority of existing ‘personality studies’. Finally, we argue in favour of theory‐driven studies of consistent behavioural differences and state that the integrative statistical properties of random regression models should not override the merit of alternative conceptual frameworks. We then provide brief guidelines and warnings for a parsimonious and sound use of terminology.
Mutual Wattle Ornaments in the South Island Saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus) Function as Armaments
Authors: Lloyd‐Jones David J. , Briskie James V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany birds have ornamental traits that are expressed in both sexes. Wattles—colorful fleshy structures that hang from the lower bill—are frequent among birds, but remain poorly understood and are generally presumed to be under sexual selection. The South Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus) is an endangered bird endemic to New Zealand in which both males and females possess wattles. We used behavioral observations, morphological measures, and a playback experiment to investigate the role of wattles in saddlebacks during territorial encounters. Wattles were monomorphic when controlled for body mass, and became engorged with blood in both sexes during visual displays. In a playback experiment using male song, wattle engorgement was significantly associated with territorial intrusions in males but not in females. However, female wattle engorgement was significantly more likely during playback experiments in the absence of their mate, suggesting wattles are used in territorial defense by both sexes. The markedly similar use of wattles by both males and females in visual displays as a response to territorial intrusions supports the hypothesis that these elaborate structures function in part as armaments.
Coalition Formation by Male Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in South Africa
Authors: Freeman Natalie J. , Young Christopher , Barrett Louise , Henzi S. Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnrelated male primates frequently cohabit in bisexual groups and, despite being reproductive competitors, have been shown to cooperate in ways that are associated with reproductive success. Such coalitions between males are common in some taxa, where they can serve two primary functions – status management and improved mating opportunities – that subserve long‐ and short‐term objectives. Here, we use observational data to provide information on male coalitions in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), a guenon with a multimale group structure. We recorded a total of 62 coalitions from two troops across a 10‐mo period at Samara Game Reserve, South Africa. We found that males who were more frequently associated spatially and who had groomed one another were more likely to form coalitions and did so against higher‐ranking opponents. This was not linked to any evidence that coalitionary aggression provided either short‐ or long‐term reproductive benefits for the aggressors and coalitions were not restricted to the mating season. There was little evidence that particular individuals were targeted, reciprocation between partners was not observed, and recent immigrant males were not targeted disproportionately. Our data suggest that within‐group coalition formation between vervet males may represent something close to an ancestral state whereby males form ad hoc coalitions opportunistically, joining an ongoing dyadic contest to target an opponent without facing the possible risks of dyadic contest, such as a greater chance of injury.
Lipolysis and lipid oxidation caused by Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 isolated from Suan yu, a traditional Chinese low‐salt fermented fish
Authors: Gao Pei , Wang Weixin , Xia Wenshui , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Qixing 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the lipolysis and lipid oxidation of Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 in Suan yu. Suan yu were made inoculated with and without two strains at different stages, and model systems of emulsions were also established. Lipolysis and lipid oxidation were evaluated by determining the changes in free fatty acid (FFA) content and composition, conjugated diene (CD) value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value. The total FFA of the sample without cultures increased from 476.61 mg/100 g fat to 1413.89 mg/100 g fat after 5 weeks fermentation, while those of samples with cultures declined to 258.98 and 452.89 mg/100 g fat, respectively. On the other hand, CD and TBARS values of samples with inoculation markedly increased. In the model system, higher FFA, CD and TBARS values for the samples added with CFE were observed. This study showed that Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 made a significant contribution to lipolysis and lipid oxidation during the processing of Suan yu.
Has the Transmission of Policy Rates to Lending Rates Changed in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis?
Authors: Gambacorta Leonardo , Illes Anamaria , Lombardi Marco Jacopo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCentral banks of major advanced economies have maintained a very accommodative monetary policy stance in the last few years. However, concerns have surfaced that the transmission of low policy rates to lending rates has been weaker than in the past. Has the transmission of policy rates to lending rates been impaired by the global financial crisis? To answer this question, we first estimate standard cointegrating equations linking policy and lending rates for non‐financial firms in Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. We then test for structural change in the cointegration parameters, finding strong evidence of a break after Lehman Brothers’ default. Such a structural break is owed to a strong increase in the mark‐up of the lending rate over the policy rate that standard models assume constant in the long run. The structural shift is explained by compounding the lending rate equation with measures of risk.
Aggressive and Pair‐bond Maintenance Songs of Female Red‐winged Blackbirds (Agelaius pboeniceus)
Authors: Beletsky L. David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFemale red‐winged blackbirds sing two distinct song types. Field observations and playback experiments indicate that Type 1 female song is sung chiefly in the presence of mates and probably functions in pair‐bond maintenance, while Type 2 song is sung chiefly in the presence of female conspecifics, and appears to be aggressive in nature.
Deception Divergence and Sexual Selection
Authors: Weldon Paul J. , Burghardt Gordon M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract and SummaryIn diverse taxa members of one sex mimic members of the other. Some authors also hypothesize that younger or less fit individuals mimic older or fitter individuals of the same sex. The implications of sexual and age class mimicry for sexual selection theory have been underappreciated. Where deception involving the sex or age class of conspecific signallers arises, selection will act against (1) signal receivers who fail to distinguish between “honest” and “deceptive” signallers and (2) “honest” signallers who fail to become noticeably different from “deceptive” signallers. We refer to the tendency of “honest” signallers to become noticeably different from “deceptive” signallers as deception divergence. Deception divergence may be the mechanism whereby conspicuous epigamic features evolve to extravagance in the runaway process hypothesized by Fisher (1958).ZusammenfassungFür zahlreiche Tierarten wird vermutet, daß Individuen eines Geschlechtes solche des anderen nachahmen, sowie daß schwächere Individuen ältere oder stärkere Artgenossen desselben Geschlechtes imitieren. Die Folgen derartiger heterosexueller oder altersbezogener Mimikry für die Theorie sexueller Selektion sind bislang unterschätzt worden. Wann immer Geschlecht oder Altersklasse eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Signalfälschung spielen, wird sowohl der Signalempfänger benachteiligt, der nicht imstande ist, zwischen „ehrlichen” und ”betrügerischen„ Sendern zu unterscheiden, wie auch der „ehrliche” Sender, der sich nicht deutlich genug von „betrügerischen” abheben kann. Die Tendenz „betrügerischer” Sender, sich „ehrlichen” Sendern anzugleichen, wie auch die Tendenz „ehrlicher” Sender, sich von „betrügerischen” Sendern deutlich wahrnehmbar zu unterscheiden, wird im folgenden als „Täuschungsdivergenz” bezeichnet. Eine Täuschungsdivergenz‐Hypothese, angewandt auf Konflikte zwischen gleichgeschlechtigen Artgenossen, könnte einen Mechanismus liefern, demzufolge gut sichtbare epigame Merkmale in einem unaufhaltsam fortlaufenden Prozeß bis zur Extravaganz entwickelt werden, wie Fisher (1958) ihn beschrieben hat.
Two Aspects of Play‐fighting in a Captive Group of Oriental Small‐clawed Otters Amblonyx cinerea
Authors: Pellis Sergio M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract and SummaryPlay‐fighting constituted most of the social play recorded in a captive group of oriental small‐clawed otters, Amblonyx cinerea. Frame by frame inspection of ciné film was used for detailed analyses of these behaviours. Two aspects of the organization of play‐fighting were analysed. In the first, biting, it was found that in dyadic play‐fights the opponents attempted to bite one another on the head, especially on the cheeks, and in this way subdue the opponent. When other otters joined a play‐fighting pair they would attack the member of the pair who was subdued (i.e. the defender). Biting by these secondary attackers was mainly directed to the defender's hindlegs and rump. Therefore, biting by otters attempting to subdue the opponent, and biting by otters of an already subdued opponent, differed markedly.In the second aspect of play‐fighting, it was found that for both attacking and defending otters the mouth was opened most frequently when facing the opponent's cheek or when face to face. The former appeared to be related to the body site most often bitten and the latter to manoeuvring when attempting to bite one another. Therefore, the opened‐mouth face was difficult to distinguish from bite intention.ZusammenfassungSpielerisches Kämpfen machte den Hauptteil geselligen Spielens aus, das von einer gefangen gehaltenen Gruppe orientalischer kleinklauiger Otter (Amblonyx cinerea) aufgezeichnet wurde. Einzelbild‐Analysen von Schmalfilmen ergaben folgendes:Beißen zielte in Zweierkämpfen auf den Kopf, besonders in die Backen des Gegners. Kamen andere Otter dazu, so griffen sie den unterliegenden Kämpfer an und richteten ihr Beißen hauptsächlich auf seine Hinterbeine und seinen Rumpf.Sowohl angreifende wie sich verteidigende Otter öffneten das Maul am häufigsten dann, wenn sie die Wange oder das ganze Gesicht des Gegners vor sich hatten. Das ergibt sich manchmal, wenn das Tier manövriert, um zum Biß zu kommen und muß nicht eine unmittelbare Beißabsicht anzeigen.
The Vocal Behaviour of the Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus
Authors: James Paul C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract and SummaryIn contrast to their behaviour at sea, Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) are highly‐vocal at their breeding colonies during their nocturnal visits. The vocal activity shows seasonal changes that suggest the immature population is responsible for the majority of the calling. This was confirmed by catching birds in traps playing calls and also in mistnets. Male calling predominates at ground level and female calling predominates in flight. The trapping results and observations on immatures marked with small luminescent lights confirm this is due to males being responsible for establishing and defending burrows. The mistnetting also revealed a proportion of males that are comparatively silent in flight. It is argued that these represent birds as yet without burrows. As well as calling in flight, the marked birds called from within their burrows and from on the surface. Other characteristics of flighting activity are presented, which together with playback results, suggest that the process facilitates signalling, listening and assessment of breeding areas in a nocturnal species nesting in an open habitat and with poor terrestrial locomotion. The results suggest that burrow calling serves both sexual and territorial functions, and that aerial calling seems to be mainly concerned with sexual advertisement, but may also discourage intruders.
Immunoregulatory Factor Released From a Cell Line Derived From Human Decidual Tissue
Authors: TATSUMI KENICHI , MORI TSUNEATSU , MORI ETSUKO , KANZAKI HIDEHARU , MORI TAKAHIDE 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: The culture supernatant of the TTK‐1 cell line, established from human decidual tissue, was found to contain a factor that strongly suppressed the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The mechanism of the MLR‐suppressive activity as well as the biochemical characterization of this factor was analyzed.The TTK‐1 supernatant suppressed the MLR much more strongly than the culture supernatants of the three other malignant cell lines examined. The molecular weight of this factor was estimated to be between 43 kilodaltons (kd) and 67 kd by gel filtration chromatography. The TTK‐1 supernatant also suppressed the proliferation of the interleukin 2 (IL‐2)‐dependent T cell lines, but did not suppress that of the IL‐2‐independent T cell lines, suggesting that the TTK‐1 supernatant inhibited the action of IL‐2 and subsequently suppressed the MLR. The fact that the TTK‐1 cell line originated from human decidual tissue might imply the important role of this factor in immunological fetomaternal balance.
Suicide and Suicidology in the Soviet Union
Authors: Miller Martin A. , Miller Ylana N. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted in order to obtain information on suicide in the Soviet Union, an important subject for which we have no scientific literature. Studies of attempted suicide in Soviet psychiatric journals were analyzed. This information was supplemented by interviews with Soviet psychiatrists now living abroad. The results of this inquiry show that suicide is a subject that clearly has become of increasing concern in the Soviet Union. Furthermore, in spite of the absence of essential statistical data on mortality, there is evidence indicating that the rate of Soviet suicide may be rising in certain parts of the country. Finally, growing concern about suicide has led to expanded prevention programs and to a new emphasis on social and psychological etiological explanations. In particular, the role of the Soviet family in crisis has been emphasized as a major influence in understanding the causes of suicidal attempts.