bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Ensemble Decoding of Acoustical Features Explains Context-Dependent Receptive Fields
Authors: Yildiz Izzet B. , Mesgarani Nima , Deneve Sophie 
Published: December 2016

A primary goal of auditory neuroscience is to identify the sound features extracted and represented by auditory neurons. Linear encoding models, which describe neural responses as a function of the stimulus, have been primarily used for this purpose. Here, we provide theoretical arguments and experimental evidence in support of an alternative approach, based on decoding the stimulus from the neural response. We used a Bayesian normative approach to predict the responses of neurons detecting relevant auditory features, despite ambiguities and noise. We compared the model predictions to recordings from the primary auditory cortex of ferrets and found that: (1) the decoding filters of auditory neurons resemble the filters learned from the statistics of speech sounds; (2) the decoding model captures the dynamics of responses better than a linear encoding model of similar complexity; and (3) the decoding model accounts for the accuracy with which the stimulus is represented in neural activity, whereas linear encoding model performs very poorly. Most importantly, our model predicts that neuronal responses are fundamentally shaped by “explaining away,” a divisive competition between alternative interpretations of the auditory scene.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural responses in the auditory cortex are dynamic, nonlinear, and hard to predict. Traditionally, encoding models have been used to describe neural responses as a function of the stimulus. However, in addition to external stimulation, neural activity is strongly modulated by the responses of other neurons in the network. We hypothesized that auditory neurons aim to collectively decode their stimulus. In particular, a stimulus feature that is decoded (or explained away) by one neuron is not explained by another. We demonstrated that this novel Bayesian decoding model is better at capturing the dynamic responses of cortical neurons in ferrets. Whereas the linear encoding model poorly reflects selectivity of neurons, the decoding model can account for the strong nonlinearities observed in neural data.
Teori Semiotika Komunikasi Hadis ala Umberto Eco
Authors: Afwadzi Benny 
Published: December 2016

<p>This article tries to outline the semiotic theory of communication traditions (hadith). This theory is found when doing integration-author of the study interconnect traditions of the Prophet with the theory of communication semiotics Umberto Eco. Semiotic theory of communication traditions include the nine components in the communication process hadith, that source (the Prophet), message I (editorial authentic Prophet), the transmitter (the narrators of hadith), signal I (various editorial traditions verbally), channel (various books of hadith), signal II (various editorial traditions in writing), receiver (reason riwâyah hadith), message II (single editorial hadith), and destination (reason semiotic). Methods of understanding hadith contained in destination components that implement the method of unlimited semiotics to find the final logical interpreting. One more thing that is important here, that the stored channel noise (interference) communication in the form of transformation from spoken language into written language, which can result in distortion of meaning. </p>
Kontribusi Pemikiran Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy dalam Kajian Ilmu Hadis
Authors: Supian Aan 
Published: December 2016

<p>The studies of hadith and scientific reseaches in Indonesia found the momentum around the end of the 20th century. One of the figure whose enough concern on this field is Hasbie Ash-Shiddieqy. Some of Hasbie’s thoughts in the hadith field which is become point of view in this article include: First, his view on the substance of the hadith and <em>Sunnah</em> and its periodization. Secondly, the criteria of hadith’s validity. Third, the research and the maintenance of <em>h</em><em>adîth</em>. Fourth, the methodology of understanding the hadith (<em>sharh</em><em> al-h</em><em>adîth</em>). Hasbi thought that the hadith are all events that leaning to the Prophet Muh}ammad, although it happened only once in the lifetime of the Prophet, and although only narrated by a narrator. Then Sunnah is the actions of the Prophet Muh}ammad that <em>mutawâtir</em>. Validity of hadith in Hasbi’s point of view must include of two criteria, that is the validity (<em>s</em><em>ah</em><em>îh</em>) of <em>sanad</em> and <em>matn</em> of hadith. Hasbi seems to emphasize a study of the hadiths that the quality is not clearly by applying the criteria of validity of the hadith and the theory of <em>nâsikh wa mansûkh</em>.</p>
Dakhîl al-Isrâ’ilîyât Kisah Nabi Yûsuf dalam al-Jâmi‘ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân Karya al-Qurtubî
Authors: Amrullah Hafizh Azhar 
Published: December 2016

Normatively, the Prophet Muhammad is not giving a ban to tell tales originating from the Banî Isrâ’îl. The Prophet simply gave the record that his people did not justify and deny the stories narrated by <em>Ahl al-Kitâb</em>. However, in the course of the history of Islam, many <em>isrâ</em><em>’ilîyât</em> seeps into some sort of authoritative books of <em>Jâmi</em><em>‘ al-Bayân</em> created by al-Tabarî, <em>Tafsîr al-Qur</em><em>’ân al-‘Azîm</em> by Ibn Kathîr, <em>Rûh</em><em> al-Ma‘ânî</em> by al-Alûsî, and <em>al-Jâmi</em><em>‘ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân</em> by al-Qurtubî. Ironically, in many cases, <em>isrâ</em><em>’ilîyât</em> that goes into the book of commentary of the Koran without any comments from the authors, so it assumes that the <em>isrâ</em><em>’ilîyât</em> is a strong opinion and can be used as a reference. As a result, <em>isrâ</em><em>’ilîyât</em> like virus that continues to undermine the authenticity of the Koran
EVERYDAY QUR’AN DI ERA POST-KONSUMERISME MUSLIM
Authors: Saputro M. Endy 
Published: December 2016

<p>This paper aims to give a preliminary draft to formulate an innovative concept in the Qur’anic studies world in the age of post-consumerism Muslim. Recent studies on tug of war between globalization and religion have been identifying salient social transformation in some parts of Muslim world, such as the rise of new (media) religious authority, religious commodification trends, varieties of Islamic consumption, the emergence of public Islam and so forth. Apart from these recent scholarships, which successfully grasp the globalization’s influence toward religion (Islam), this paper offers the concept of everyday Qur’an as an alternative basic approach of understanding the cultures of Qur’an in this changing (Muslim) world and at the same time, seeking to briefly explain its emerging issues. Some exemplary issues then have analytically discussed to reflect how the proposed theory applied. Thus, everyday Qur’an can contribute the discourse of cultures based technology in the context of Qur’anic Studies. </p>
DISKURSUS KEABSAHAN AL-QIRÂ’ÂT AL-‘ASHR SEBAGAI BACAAN MUTAWÂTIR
Authors: Muzammil Iffah 
Published: December 2016

<p>Ten <em>qirâ’ah</em> belongs to the ten Imams of Qur’anic recitaters. It composes seven Imams who are remarkably recognized in Muslim traditions mainly introduced by Ibn Mujâhid (245- 324 H), with three additional Imams, Abû Ja‘far al-Qa‘qâ‘, Abû Ya‘qûb al-Haḍramî, and Khalaf bin Hishâm. Different from seven <em>qirâ’ah</em> that is officially approved (<em>mutawâtir</em>) by most of Muslim scholars, the existence of ten <em>qirâ’ah </em>is still debatable. Indeed, some of scholars classify it as poor <em>qirâ’ah</em> (<em>shâdh</em>). Five centuries later after Ibn Mujâhid’s introduction on seven <em>q</em><em>irâ’ah</em>, al-Jazarî (d. 833 H) argues some evidences on the validity of chain transmission (<em>sanad</em>) of the last three Imams. In the hand of al-Jazarî, the ten <em>qirâ’ah</em> is attested to be completely meeting a requirements of <em>qirâ’ah </em>such like, reliable chain’s transmission, compatible to <em>rasm ‘Uthmânî</em>, and convenient to Arabic rules. Therefore, there is no reason to leave and refuse the last three Imams (ten <em>qirâ’ah</em>) in the Islamic tradition of Qur’anic recitation. </p>
HADIS DAN PERANNYA DALAM TAFSIR KONTEKSTUAL PERSPEKTIF ABDULLAH SAEED
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih 
Published: December 2016

<p>The article highlights Abdullah Saeed’s thought in the light of hadith to promote contextual interpretation of the Qur’an. He emphasizes the significance of Hadith to reach best understanding of Qur’an by putting Hadith as historical reflection of Qur’anic worldview. He argues for five principles that should be implemented in examining Hadith as the source of contextual Qur’anic interpretation. He also highlights the difference of sunnah and Hadith, in which Hadith is perceived as collective cognition not as individual individual perception. Further, he also suggests that understanding Hadith could also be actualized by collective reasoning and human nature (<em>fiṭrah</em>) and it should be totally relevant to the Qur’an. Those are the prerequisite of Hadith as the existing source for Qur’anic interpretation. If Hadith doesn’t meet the conditions, although it sounds in terms of chain transmission, the Hadith should be reviewed and even rejected. </p>
An Exploration of Organizational Trust in Intercollegiate Athletic Departments
Authors: Tingle Jacob K 
Published: December 2016

Scholars in in educational leadership, business management, and organizational psychology have thoroughly explored the construct of organizational trust. While trust has attracted some attention from sport management scholars, the research has primarily focused on the individual, rather than organization. This manuscript provides an overview of the organizational trust literature with specific application to the area of intercollegiate athletic departments. Additionally, the Athletic Department Trust Scale (ADTS) is introduced as an instrument to measure organizational trust in the setting. The procedures taken to refine and test the instrument are summarized. Results revealed the ADTS as psychometrically sound. The instrument was used to explore three research questions related to coaching tenure and status. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between coaching tenure and organizational trust. Practical and research implications are also presented.
Holistic Education through Athletics: Health and Health-Literacy of Intercollegiate Athletes and Active Undergraduate Students
Authors: Weight Erianne Allen , Navarro Kristina M , Smith-Ryan Abbie , Huffman Landon T. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine select psychological (body awareness), educational (health, nutrition, and injury recovery knowledge) and physiological (height, weight, BMI, and body fat percentage) variables within a sample of university students (n = 914) and varsity athletes (n = 435) at three “Power 5” NCAA Division I institutions in an effort to explore the legitimacy of competitive athletics as a holistic educational endeavor worthy of fulfilling the mission of higher education. Data analysis revealed some support for Kolb’s experiential learning theory, with athletes demonstrating significantly greater nutrition, health, injury knowledge, and body awareness than non-athletes (p < 0.01), though mean scores for both groups revealed limited knowledge. Athletes demonstrated overall superior health and lower susceptibility to future metabolic risk factors than their active non-athlete classmates as demonstrated by a significantly lower body fat percentage despite having higher BMI values. Despite a lack of structured traditional education, it appears that athletes are gaining knowledge and engaging in practices critical to holistic development. Practitioners must determine how to further cultivate these benefits through structured education for athletes and non-athletes.
Susceptibility to antibiotics in escherichiae isolated in a multidisciplinary medical centre
Authors: Kozlova Nadezda S. , Barantsevich Natalia E. , Barantsevich Elena P. 
Published: December 2016

Relevance. Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial strains currently presents a very important problem. Aim of the study: Study of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, isolated in a multidisciplinary centre. Materials and Methods. Susceptibility of 151 E. coli strains to 15 antibiotics was studied by microdilution method. Results. The majority of the studied strains were resistant to antibiotics, including: ampicillin (57.0%), ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin (42.4% each), III and IV generation cephalosporins (37.1% and 34.4%, respectively) and gentamycin (29.1%). The highest activity against E. coliwas shown for carbapenems (resistance to erthapenem – 2.6%, meropenem – 0.7%), in particular, for imipenem – no strains resistant to this drug were isolated. Resistance to amikacin and phosphomycin was low: 3.3% and 1.3% respectively. Wide diversity of antibiotic resistance spectra was revealed in studied strains, with a high level of multidrug resistance (48.0%). Conclusion. Study of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in E. coli, isolated in a multidisciplinary centre, showed predominance of resistant strains with a high level of multidrug resistance. The appearance of carbapenem-resistant strains in a multidisciplinary centre presents a rising problem.
Avaliação do impacto da desertificação no ambiente e na população do Semiárido brasileiro por meio de uma base de dados geográficos
Authors: Vieira Rita Marcia da Silva Pinto , Sestini Marcelo Francisco , Tomasella Javier , Rodriguez Daniel Andrés , Barbosa Alexandre Augusto , Campello Francisco Carneiro Barreto , Santana Marcos Oliveira , Ometto Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud , Valles Giane de Fatima 
Published: December 2016

A região Nordeste do Brasil é marcada fortemente pelas desigualdades regionais apresentando altos índices de analfabetismo, baixa renda, migração para os grandes centros urbanos, exclusão social, entre outros. Além da desigualdade cultural e econômica, a região é afetada com a degradação/desertificação da terra exacerbada por fatores antrópicos. O entendimento das mudanças na paisagem e como essas alterações impactam a vulnerabilidade da população é um desafio, pois essas alterações ocorrem em amplas escalas espaciais e temporais. Assim, o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta capaz de integrar informações físicas, ambientais e socioeconômicas, em diferentes escalas e resoluções torna-se essencial para a compreensão do processo. Mais importante que o desenvolvimento da ferramenta é saber analisar de forma conjunta as informações geradas. Dessa forma, este trabalho visa descrever a metodologia em desenvolvimento no Sistema de Alerta Precoce contra Seca e Desertificação ”“ SAP, bem como analisar, por meio de cruzamento de informações relacionadas Ã degradação/desertificação do solo, a vulnerabilidade da população ante a essas alterações. O objetivo é facilitar e agilizar a análise dos tomadores de decisão de maneira a permitir tomadas de decisões em áreas onde ambos os processos estejam ocorrendo de forma mais acelerada.
Protagonismo social e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável: um estudo de caso no município de Caririaçu-Ceará (Brasil)
Authors: Abreu Môngolla Keyla Freitas de , Nascimento Verônica Salgueiro do , Brasil Adélia Alencar , Andrade Daniquele Pinho 
Published: December 2016

O estudo tem por objetivo discutir e refletir sobre o Protagonismo Social e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável a partir do relato de experiência de uma família camponesa, residente no município de Caririaçu, Ceará. O sujeito da pesquisa, D. Zefinha, protagonista social na comunidade Sítio São Paulo, Caririaçu, enfatizou a relevância das experiências agroecológicas e sua ação impulsionadora para o desenvolvimento local. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de caráter descritivo, sendo desenvolvida por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista não estruturada e observação participante, com dados analisados a partir de seus conteúdos. Sob a ótica do Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável a proposta de D. Zefinha está diretamente interligada Ã s dimensões da sustentabilidade, por meio das suas atividades econômicas, conservação dos recursos naturais e das práticas de educação popular. Assim, é possível concluir que o protagonismo social pode e deve ser o meio de avanço nas comunidades rurais, especialmente naquelas resistentes Ã s adversidades do semiárido nordestino.
discurso da seca e da crise hídrica:
Authors: SILVA JOSIER FERREIRA , NOBRE FRANCISCO WLIRIAN 
Published: December 2016

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar como o discurso da seca no Nordeste brasileiro vem ao longo da história legitimando verdades que influenciam a criação de políticas públicas que não dialogam com a semiaridez da região. Usando a metodologia de análise de discurso chegou-se a um entendimento de que a perpetuação do discurso de combate Ã seca ainda é utilizado para a execução de grandes obras hídricas com objetivos de atender Ã s novas demandas e novos territórios da acumulação capitalista. No Ceará, estado que se reestrutura para atender Ã economia globalizada, a polêmica obra do Cinturão das Águas do Ceará ”“ CAC vem sendo defendida como a solução definitiva para a escassez hídrica no estado. Essa ideia é reforçada nas matérias jornalísticas do jornal cearense Diário do Nordeste contribuindo para uma imagem estigmatizada da seca.
Apraxias: considerações sobre o corpo e suas manifestações motoras inesperadas.
Authors: Catrini Melissa , Lier-DeVitto Francisca , Arantes Lúcia Maria Guimarães 
Published: December 2016

O termo apraxia faz referência a uma perturbação do gesto, que envolve a dificuldade, ou até mesmo a impossibilidade, de realizar movimentos de maneira voluntária sem a presença de prejuízos musculares que justificassem o sintoma apresentado. Quando o gesto em questão é o articulatório, diz-se de uma Apraxia de Fala. O caráter eminentemente funcional do problema leva ao questionamento, então, do que causaria tais sintomas. Apraxias têm manifestação no corpo e “corpo” é, por tradição e direito, objeto (exclusivo) do campo da Fisiologia e da Patologia – justifica-se, sem dúvida, a força da discursividade desses estudos sobre o tema que também opera no domínio da divisão filosófica mente/corpo - melhor entendido, da relação entre razão/cognição e corpo/organismo. É na esfera do dualismo corpo-mente que se inscreve (a)praxia. No entanto, quando o dualismo psicofísico (Jackson,1866/1932) é dissolvido por Freud (1891), outra concepção de corpo deve vir a figurar nos estudos sobre as apraxias. Trata-se do corpo que é Um, aquele que nasce com o ser de linguagem, o falasser, o corpolinguagem (LACAN, 1985, 1998). O fenômeno apráxico coloca em relevo a relação entre corpo e linguagem. Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão teórica que parte da definição psicoanalítica de corpo.
Elementos discursivos da governamentalidade do corpo das populações em enunciados midiáticos sobre a AIDS, nos anos 1980
Authors: Sanches Hoster Older , Barbosa Pedro Luis Navarro 
Published: December 2016

Em 1987, o jornal Folha de S.Paulo, diário impresso de notícias, fez circular uma vasta produção discursiva cuja temática era a aids. O mês de junho desse jornal apresentou uma sequência de discursos políticos voltados ao crescimento da contaminação do vírus HIV em todo o mundo. Uma análise voltada para essa história de curta duração dá visibilidade à governamentalidade do corpo da população, tema deste artigo. Para tanto, buscou-se, no acervo digitalizado desse periódico, o registro de discursos sobre o acontecimento da aids na segunda metade da década de 1980. A partir da constituição e da descrição desse corpus, pode-se compreender como o governo dos corpos é enunciado e como esse enunciado é materializado, em notícias e em reportagens. A fundamentação teórica do trabalho está alicerçada em pressupostos teóricos de Michel Foucault, especialmente no que tange aos estudos sobre enunciado, governo e poder. Observa-se que Estado deve saber tudo sobre as práticas dessas populações e dos indivíduos, especialmente, as inerentes à sexualidade, que se configuram como objeto, nos termos de Foucault, de um “controle-repressão”. A produção de saberes sobre a aids ocorre em meio ao exercício desse poder governamental e da resistência que a ele é feita. Nesse jogo discursivo, ressalta-se uma preocupação em conhecer o estado biológico de cada população, sendo algumas o foco de atuação do poder político, como a população homossexual e a carcerária. Observa-se que a governamentalidade do corpo do indivíduo e das populações é prioridade do Estado com a realidade da aids; em vista disso, o corpo da população de estrangeiros, de homossexuais e de prisioneiros é mantido sob o olhar clínico e político do Estado e da ciência, a fim de identificá-lo e separá-lo. O Estado, portanto, submete o corpo do portador do vírus HIV a relações de poder/saber e resistência presentes nas tramas sociais.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERPUSTAKAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Saifuddin Saifuddin 
Published: December 2016

<p><em>A wave of spiritual seekers can be used as a marker for the presence of a new culture known as culture media. In the era people trying to meet the material and spiritual needs by using technology media, even social media can be used as a place of worship for the people of religion, they discuss, even tafakkur in the virtual and artificial spaces. That's when informationresources become very important meaning in human spiritual fulfillment. Library institute as a resource center, becomes very urgent to be developed and updated in the face of such phenomena. Building a high rise building to build a library is important, but building information systems in the library is much more important. Data and information in the digital age prefers soft data to the material data printed such as books and research journals are printed on a sheet of paper. Then presumably have been urged to develop a digital library at each college, because college is still regarded as a center of knowledge and information, including religious information.</em></p><p><em>Munculnya gelombang spiritual seekers bisa dijadikan sebagai penanda akan hadirnya budaya baru yang dikenal dengan istilah budaya media (media culture). Di zaman tersebut orang berusaha memenuhi kebutuhan material maupun spiritualnya dengan menggunakan teknologi media, bahkan media sosial bisa dijadikan tempat ibadah baru bagi ummat beragama, mereka berdiskusi, bahkan bertafakkur dalam ruang maya yang artifisial. Pada saat itulah sumber informasi menjadi sangat penting maknanya dalam pemenuhan spiritual manusia. Lembaga perpustakaan sebagai salah satu pusat informasi, menjadi sangat urgen untuk dikembangkan dan diperbaharui dalam menghadapi fenomena tersebut. Membangun gedung bertingkat untuk membangun sebuah perpustakaan memang penting, namun membangun sistem informasi yang di dapat dari perpustakaan jauh lebih penting. Data dan informasi dalam era digital lebih mengutamakan soft data dibandingkan dengan data material berupa buku cetak maupun jurnal-jurnal penelitian yang tercetak di lembaran kertas. Maka kiranya sudah mendesak untuk dikembangkan perpustakaan digital di setiap perguruan tinggi, karena perguruan tinggi sampai saat ini masih dianggap sebagai pusat pengetahuan dan informasi, termasuk juga informasi religius.</em></p>