bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le revenu universel au regard des personnes en précarité
Authors: Caritas France Secours catholique , Alméras Guillaume , Redor Dominique 
Published: September 2017

Le revenu universel d’existence fait débat dans une période de transition sociétale liée aux mutations sociales, économiques, technologiques et environnementales. Le Secours catholique, contribuant à la disputatio , souhaite montrer en quoi un revenu universel est ou non une opportunité de sortir les plus vulnérables de la pauvreté dans un contexte où la vision profonde du travail est interrogée : l’articulation entre l’activité que chacun a dans la société et les revenus d’existence auxquels la communauté lui permet d’accéder. L’association témoigne que la lutte contre la pauvreté ne peut pas se limiter à une aide financière et que les effets d’un revenu universel présentent de sérieux risques à voir les inégalités augmenter suivant des logiques d’effets paradoxaux.
Le Revenu primaire inconditionnel, un autre paradigme de la répartition
Authors: Ferry Jean-Marc 
Published: September 2017

L’instauration d’un revenu de base, universel et inconditionnel, a-t-elle un sens économique ? À l’heure de l’automation (robotique) et de la numérisation, seule réponse adaptée à la concurrence des grands émergents, les politiques pourraient y voir l’investissement propre à favoriser l’essor d’un secteur « quaternaire » d’activités non mécanisables, personnelles et autonomes. C’est la justification contextuelle. Cependant, l’idée d’un Revenu primaire inconditionnel (RPI) trouve une justification systématique du point de vue de la rationalité économique, que cet article s’essaie à élaborer sans délaisser le point de vue de la justice politique.
Aux prises avec cet ange dont « Fatigue » serait le nom
Authors: Dumas Bertrand 
Published: September 2017

Fatigués, lassés, épuisés, crevés... la fatigue nous tient tous ! Non seulement individuellement, mais collectivement : depuis une décennie, c’est le sujet qui arrive en tête du nombre d’études médicales, psychologiques, sociologiques, économiques. Or les chrétiens n’en disent rien, ou presque. Stupéfiant silence : y aurait-il un aspect de l’humaine condition que le salut chrétien ne concernerait pas ? Aujourd’hui, le théologien peut et doit sans doute parler d’un salut de la fatigue. Une délivrance qui ne serait pas pensée comme évitement, mais comme conversion du regard et comme triple libération : liberté de regarder la fatigue en face ; liberté d’œuvrer de toutes ses forces sans succomber à la haine de ses propres limites ; liberté de laisser Dieu être Dieu. La fatigue, sujet théologique...
De la Grande Abbaye au Château Vert
Authors: Roby Agathe 
Published: September 2017

Depuis le XIV e siècle, la prostitution est une préoccupation des autorités urbaines de l’Occident médiéval. Dans le Sud de la France, les consulats installent des maisons de prostitution municipale, destinées à contenir le commerce vénal en un endroit clos. En 1525, le bordel public de Toulouse, la Grande Abbaye, doit être détruit : la ville entreprend un renforcement de ses murailles, et l’établissement est trop proche de ces dernières. Durant deux ans, les capitouls débattent pour trouver un nouveau lieu, plus approprié, pour installer leur nouvel établissement. Trop près d’une église ou d’un couvent, trop proche d’une école, la liste est longue des lieux proposés que les autorités trouvent inadéquats. Au fil des délibérations municipales autour de l’installation du nouveau bordel, le Château Vert, se dessine progressivement la manière dont les capitouls gèrent l’espace urbain, en délimitant notamment des espaces de l’honnêteté et de la vénalité.
Le système réglementariste dans les communes annexées
Authors: Gonzalez-Quijano Lola 
Published: September 2017

En 1842, la Préfecture de police de Paris étend aux communes de banlieue le système réglementariste qui, jusqu’alors, encadrait l’activité prostitutionnelle de la seule capitale. La mesure, prise pour lutter contre l’importante prostitution clandestine qui prospère aux barrières, voit un certain nombre de guinguettes devenir maisons de tolérance officielles. Mais alors que l’annexion de la banlieue en 1860 et le déclin des maisons closes parisiennes redistribuent complètement la géographie de l’amour vénal, les bordels de Grenelle résistent davantage qu’ailleurs. L’emplacement de l’École Militaire et le nombre important de soldats dans cette zone du XV e arrondissement expliquent en partie le phénomène. Mais la pérennité des maisons de tolérance de l’ancienne commune de Grenelle est liée à leur histoire et leur emplacement, aux agissements d’une poignée de propriétaires spéculant sur l’octroi, les guinguettes et le commerce des plaisirs.
De l’intérieur chic à la grotte populaire
Authors: Daramus Lucian 
Published: September 2017

La période de l’entre-deux-guerres marque un tournant des politiques prostitutionnelles en Roumanie : après sept décennies d’implantation dans les rues de la capitale, l’entreprenariat du sexe voit désormais ses activités économiques et ses espaces voués à la disparition. Cet article se propose de comprendre comment ces changements affectent la géographie prostitutionnelle de la ville. Quelles sont les mutations, après l’interdiction des maisons closes, du territoire prostitutionnel bucarestois historiquement cristallisé ? Comment les frontières de ce dernier se déplacent-elles ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l’article s’attache à mettre en rapport l’action des pouvoirs publics, les mobilisations citoyennes et la réaction de l’entreprenariat du sexe confronté à la perspective de la déstructuration de ses espaces historiques.
Endiguer ou déplacer ?
Authors: Mayer Sibylla 
Published: September 2017

Cet article questionne le droit de cité de la prostitution au prisme de sa gestion communale dans la ville de Luxembourg, capitale du Grand-duché, au cours de la décennie 1990-2000. Après avoir situé la pratique de rue parmi d’autres formes de sexualité rétribuée, il met en évidence la concurrence de différents acteurs à la définition du problème urbain de la prostitution ainsi qu’à son meilleur traitement. Or, s’il incombe aux autorités communales de faire jouir les citadins d’une bonne police, leur action est prise dans une tension entre deux modes d’intervention divergents : faut-il endiguer la prostitution dans la ville, là où elle se déroule ? Faut-il au contraire l’en extraire et la déplacer ailleurs ? La solution finalement adoptée illustre la place centrale de la logique ségrégative dans les politiques contemporaines de la prostitution
Les révolutions russes vues de l’Europe en guerre
Authors: Cœuré Sophie , Fayet Jean-François 
Published: September 2017

Que savait-on dans l’Europe en guerre des révolutions qui secouèrent la Russie en 1917 ? Bien peu de choses en réalité. Le décalage est abyssal entre l’importance des événements russes de l’année 1917 à l’échelle de l’histoire du 20 e siècle et la faiblesse des informations diffusées sur le sujet auprès des opinions publiques européennes. Pourtant, les témoins étrangers du tourbillon russe n’ont pas manqué. Mais le prisme des considérations militaires, conjugué au double héritage des représentations de l’Empire russe et des appropriations nationales du projet internationaliste et révolutionnaire socialiste, ont façonné, par-delà la complexité des événements, un ensemble de mythes ayant nourri l’imaginaire politique des partisans d’Octobre, et celui de leurs adversaires.
Occupancy and Detection of Clinch Dace Using Two Gear Types
Authors: Moore Michael J. , Orth Donald J. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Clinch Dace Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori, discovered in 1999, is an undescribed headwater fish species of global conservation concern with a limited distribution in two counties in southwest Virginia. Highly efficient sampling gears are key to monitoring headwater fish assemblages in Appalachia, including those containing Clinch Dace. Additional information is needed regarding the habitat requirements of the species to understand responses to future mining and logging activities in the region. An occupancy modeling framework is useful to account for incomplete detection, with multiple sampling gears in presence–absence surveys for cryptic or rare species. We detected Clinch Dace at 13 of 70 sites. Occupancy corrected for imperfect detection probability did not differ from naïve occupancy estimates and was 0.19. Clinch Dace occurred in streams with higher substrate embeddedness and catchment forest cover. Backpack electrofishing had a 55% higher probability of detecting Clinch Dace in a 50-m subreach than minnow traps. Appropriate management actions for this species may focus on preserving forested cover in occupied watersheds and monitoring the future impact of surface mining activities that increase total dissolved solids. Sampling protocols for the imperiled Clinch Dace can incorporate both gears and adjust sampling effort to maximize species detection in specific habitats and with specific research goals.
The Role of Leukocyte-Associated Ig-like Receptor-1 in Suppressing Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Kim Seunghyun , Easterling Ellis R. , Price Lauren C. , Smith Savannah L. , Coligan John E. , Park Jeoung-Eun , Brand David D. , Rosloniec Edward F. , Stuart John M. , Kang Andrew H. , Myers Linda K. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Several observations implicate a critical role for T cell dysregulation as a central problem in rheumatoid arthritis. We investigated a mechanism for suppressing T cell activation by stimulating a natural inhibitory receptor called leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1). The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and DR-1 transgenic mice were used to study the importance of LAIR-1 in autoimmune arthritis. Splenocytes from wild-type or LAIR-1−/− mice were stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 Ab in the presence or absence of α1(II) and supernatants were collected for cytokine analysis. B6.DR1 mice were immunized with type II collagen/CFA to induce arthritis and were treated with either the stimulatory mAb to LAIR-1 or a hamster IgG control. Finally, B6.DR1/LAIR-1−/− and B6.DR1/LAIR-1+/+ mice were challenged for CIA and mean severity scores were recorded thrice weekly. Using splenocytes or purified CD4+ cells that were sufficient in LAIR-1, CD3-induced cytokine secretion was significantly suppressed in the presence of collagen, whereas LAIR-1–deficient splenocytes had no attenuation. Treatment with a stimulatory mAb to LAIR-1 also significantly attenuated CIA in the LAIR+/+ mice. When B6.DR1/LAIR-1−/− mice were immunized with type II collagen they developed more severe arthritis and had a greater percentage of affected limbs than the wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that collagen can suppress the T cell cytokine response through the action of LAIR-1. Treatment with stimulating LAIR-1 Abs suppresses CIA whereas B6.DR1/LAIR-1−/− mice develop more severe arthritis than wild-type controls. These data suggest that LAIR-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for suppressing rheumatoid arthritis.
Maternal Pregravid Obesity Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Cord Blood Monocytes Disrupting Their Inflammatory Program
Authors: Sureshchandra Suhas , Wilson Randall M. , Rais Maham , Marshall Nicole E. , Purnell Jonathan Q. , Thornburg Kent L. , Messaoudi Ilhem 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Prepregnancy maternal obesity is associated with adverse outcomes for the offspring, including increased incidence of neonatal bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. We recently reported that umbilical cord blood (UCB) monocytes from babies born to obese mothers generate a reduced IL-6/TNF-α response to TLR 1/2 and 4 ligands compared to those collected from lean mothers. These observations suggest altered development of the offspring’s immune system, which in turn results in dysregulated function. We therefore investigated transcriptional and epigenetic differences within UCB monocytes stratified by prepregnancy maternal body mass index. We show that UCB monocytes from babies born to obese mothers generate a dampened response to LPS stimulation compared with those born to lean mothers, at the level of secreted immune mediators and transcription. Because gene expression profiles of resting UCB monocytes from both groups were comparable, we next investigated the role of epigenetic differences. Indeed, we detected stark differences in methylation levels within promoters and regulatory regions of genes involved in TLR signaling in resting UCB monocytes. Interestingly, the DNA methylation status of resting cells was highly predictive of transcriptional changes post-LPS stimulation, suggesting that cytosine methylation is one of the dominant mechanisms driving functional inadequacy in UCB monocytes obtained from babies born to obese mothers. These data highlight a potentially critical role of maternal pregravid obesity-associated epigenetic changes in influencing the function of an offspring’s monocytes at birth. These findings further our understanding of mechanisms that explain the increased risk of infection in neonates born to mothers with high prepregnancy body mass index.
Neutrophil-Derived Cytosolic PLA2α Contributes to Bacterial-Induced Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration
Authors: Yonker Lael M. , Pazos Michael A. , Lanter Bernard B. , Mou Hongmei , Chu Kengyeh K. , Eaton Alexander D. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Tearney Guillermo J. , Rajagopal Jayaraj , Hurley Bryan P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Eicosanoids are a group of bioactive lipids that are shown to be important mediators of neutrophilic inflammation; selective targeting of their function confers therapeutic benefit in a number of diseases. Neutrophilic airway diseases, including cystic fibrosis, are characterized by excessive neutrophil infiltration into the airspace. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in this process may reveal novel therapeutic targets. The eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 is a pathogen-elicited epithelial-produced neutrophil chemoattractant that directs transepithelial migration in response to infection. Following hepoxilin A3–driven transepithelial migration, neutrophil chemotaxis is amplified through neutrophil production of a second eicosanoid, leukotriene B4 (LTB4). The rate-limiting step of eicosanoid generation is the liberation of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2, and the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)α isoform has been specifically shown to direct LTB4 synthesis in certain contexts. Whether cPLA2α is directly responsible for neutrophil synthesis of LTB4 in the context of Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced neutrophil transepithelial migration has not been explored. Human and mouse neutrophil–epithelial cocultures were used to evaluate the role of neutrophil-derived cPLA2α in infection-induced transepithelial signaling by pharmacological and genetic approaches. Primary human airway basal stem cell–derived epithelial cultures and micro-optical coherence tomography, a new imaging modality that captures two- and three-dimensional real-time dynamics of neutrophil transepithelial migration, were applied. Evidence from these studies suggests that cPLA2α expressed by neutrophils, but not epithelial cells, plays a significant role in infection-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration by mediating LTB4 synthesis during migration, which serves to amplify the magnitude of neutrophil recruitment in response to epithelial infection.
Visual acuity in children: The development of crowded and single letter acuities
Authors: Langaas Trine 
Published: September 2017

Previous research has explored the development of visual acuity in babies and children, and it has been established that the measured acuities are dependent on the methods used to test visual function. In the present study the developmental trends in crowded versus single letter visual acuities were explored. 343 children 5 to 11 years of age, was tested using Glasgow Acuity Cards (GAC), and a significant correlation between binocular visual acuity and age was found using simple regression analysis (y=0.023x + 0.81, r2 = 0.32). Mean values on crowded visual acuity varied between 0.95 ± 0.6 in 5 year olds to 1.08 ± .09 logMAR in 11 year olds. One way ANOVA confirmed the developmental trend (F(1, 341)=160.45, p<0.0001). In a second study, this result were replicated in a smaller group of fully corrected children (regression analysis showed significant development with age, y=0.025x+.86, r2 = 0.429, one way ANOVA: F(1,72) = 54.11, p<0.0001). The repeatability of the GAC was tested using a test-retest strategy, 6 months apart. A significant improvement of monocular visual acuities at the second retest may be explained, at least in part, by the expected development during this period. A single letter acuity test was constructed by matching GAC optotypes. Fiftyt two emmetropic children (mean age 8.21±1.76 yrs) were tested on both tests. Developmental trends were then compared for single and crowded acuities. Linear regressions were F(1,50)=23.87, p=0.0001, y=0.019x+0.915, r2=0.31 for crowded letters and F(1,50)=5.81, p<0.05, y=0.009x+1.07, r2=0.104 for single letters. Repeated measures ANOVA (test * age) showed reliable differences for both main effects. Single letter acuity was found to display a very slight developmental trend, and was better than crowded acuity. When deciding normal values and cut-off limits, one have to take into consideration which test is being used as normative data will not directly translate from one test to another.
A New Platform for Profiling Degradation-Related Impurities Via Exploiting the Opportunities Offered by Ion-Selective Electrodes: Determination of Both Diatrizoate Sodium and Its Cytotoxic Degradation Product
Authors: Riad Safaa M , Abd El-Rahman Mohamed K , Fawaz Esraa M , Shehata Mostafa A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Although the ultimate goal of administering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is to save countless lives, the presence of impurities and/or degradation products in APIs or formulations may cause harmful physiological effects. Today, impurity profiling (i.e., the identity as well as the quantity of impurity in a pharmaceutical) is receiving critical attention from regulatory authorities. Despite the predominant use of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods over electrochemical methods for impurity profiling of APIs, this work investigates the opportunities offered by electroanalytical methods, particularly, ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), for profiling degradation-related impurities (DRIs) compared with conventional spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. For a meaningful comparison, diatrizoate sodium (DTA) was chosen as the anionic X-ray contrast agent based on its susceptibility to deacetylation into its cytotoxic and mutagenic degradation product, 3,5-diamino-2,4,6 triiodobenzoic acid (DTB). This cationic diamino compound can be also detected as an impurity in the final product because it is used as a synthetic precursor for the synthesis of DTA. In this study, four novel sensitive and selective sensors for the determination of both DTA and its cytotoxic degradation products are presented. Sensors I and II were developed for the determination of the anionic drug, DTA, and sensors III and IV were developed for the determination of the cationic cytotoxic impurity. The use of these novel sensors not only provides a stability-indicating method for the selective determination of DTA in the presence of its degradation product, but also permits DRI profiling. Moreover, a great advantage of these proposed ISE systems is their higher sensitivity for the quantification of DTB relative to other spectroscopic and chromatographic methods, so it can measure trace amounts of DTB impurities in DTA bulk powder and pharmaceutical formulation without a need for preliminary separation.
Evidences of Surface Rupture Associated With a Low‐Magnitude (Mw5.0) Shallow Earthquake in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Champenois J. , Baize S. , Vallee M. , Jomard H. , Alvarado A. , Espin P. , Ekström G. , Audin L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study analyzes surface displacements generated by a low‐magnitude crustal earthquake in the Ecuadorian Andes by combining analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, geological field investigations, and seismological data. In March 2010, a significant surface faulting event occurred in the Pisayambo area (Eastern Cordillera), along the major dextral fault zone bounding the North Andean Sliver and the South America Plate. Interferograms were inverted to determine fault plane geometry and slip displacement distribution. The event affected a 9 km long previously unknown fault, referred as the Laguna Pisayambo Fault, with purely dextral movement reaching 45 cm and concentrated in the top 3 km of the crust. Geological investigations confirm both the fault mechanism and the amplitude of displacements. While these large displacements would be related to an event with a magnitude of 5.44 if using a standard crustal rigidity, we show that they can be convincingly associated with anMw5.0 earthquake, that occurred on 26 March 2010. Reconciling the apparent differences in magnitude requires the existence of a low‐rigidity medium at shallow depths and/or postseismic activity of the fault. However, considering only the latter hypothesis would imply an unusually active postseismic process, in which 400–500% of the coseismic moment is released in the 6 days following the earthquake. Our observations highlight that the scaling laws relating surface observations to earthquake magnitude, classically used for seismic hazard assessment, should be carefully used. This study also illustrates how systematic InSAR analysis, even in places where no clues of ground deformation are present, can reveal tectonic processes.
A Physical Model for Interseismic Erosion of Locked Fault Asperities
Authors: Mavrommatis Andreas P. , Segall Paul , Johnson Kaj M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe conventional “asperity model” posits that faults are partitioned into fixed velocity‐weakening (VW) patches (asperities) that are locked interseismically and velocity‐strengthening (VS) regions that creep stably without accumulating stress. However, studies of GPS‐derived deformation in northern Japan have shown that interseismic strain in the Tohoku region did not accumulate at a constant rate (as expected) but gradually decreased from 1996 to 2011. This change in strain rate is consistent with locked asperities shrinking by ∼75% in area during this period. Here we consider a modification to the conventional asperity model, such that thermal pressurization (TP) is active over an area that encompasses a VW region and part of the surrounding VS region. In our quasi‐dynamic simulations, TP causes shear stress during rapid slip to decrease to very low levels. During the interseismic period, stress gradually recovers to steady state friction at the plate rate, at which point stable creep initiates. The creep front propagates inward, effectively eroding the locked asperity. For uniform properties, the locked area shrinks roughly linearly in time through the VS region. Locked asperities shrink more slowly with higher nominal friction coefficient or background effective normal stress in the VS region, lower hydraulic diffusivity, and larger TP zones. Lateral heterogeneity in properties can give rise to nonlinear erosion. Predictions from this model can be compared against GPS data to test whether the model can explain the observed changes in interseismic strain rate in Tohoku.