bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of High-Frequency (50–200 Hz) Thalamocortical Electroencephalographic Rhythms by Isoflurane in Rats Is More Pronounced for the Thalamus Than for the Cortex
Authors: Plourde Gilles , Reed Sean J. , Chapman C. Andrew 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:
Thalamocortical electroencephalographic rhythms in gamma (30–80 Hz) and high-gamma (80–200 Hz) ranges have been linked to arousal and conscious processes. We have recently shown that propofol causes a concentration-dependent attenuation of the power of thalamocortical rhythms in the 50 to 200 Hz range and that this effect is far more pronounced for the thalamus. To determine whether similar attenuation occurs with other anesthetics, we characterized the concentration-effect relationship of the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane on the spectral power of these rhythms.

METHODS:
Local field potentials were recorded from the barrel cortex and ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus in 9 chronically instrumented rats to measure spectral power in the gamma/high-gamma range (30–200 Hz). Rats were placed in an airtight chamber and isoflurane was administered at 0.75%, 1.1%, and 1.5% concentrations. Spectral power was assessed during baseline, at the 3 isoflurane concentrations after 30 minutes for equilibration, and during recovery over 4 frequency bands (30–50, 51–75, 76–125, and 126–200 Hz). Unconsciousness was defined as sustained loss of righting reflex. Multiple linear regression was used to model the change in power (after logarithmic transformation) as a function of concentration and recording site. P values were corrected for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS:
Unconsciousness occurred at the 1.1% concentration in all animals. Isoflurane caused a robust (P ≤ 0.008) linear concentration-dependent attenuation of cortical and thalamic power in the 30 to 200 Hz range. The concentration-effect slope for the thalamus was steeper than for the cortex in the 51 to 75 Hz (P = 0.029) and 76 to 200 Hz (P < 0.001) ranges but not for the 30 to 50 Hz range (P = 0.320). Comparison with our previously published propofol data showed that slope for cortical power was steeper with isoflurane than with propofol for all frequency bands (P = 0.033). For thalamic power, the slope differences between isoflurane and propofol were not statistically significant (0.087 ≤ P ≤ 0.599).

CONCLUSIONS:
Isoflurane causes a concentration-dependent attenuation of the power of thalamocortical rhythms in the 30 to 200 Hz range, and this effect is more pronounced for the thalamus than for the cortex for frequencies >50 Hz. In comparison with propofol, isoflurane caused a greater attenuation in the cortex, but the effects on the thalamus were similar. Isoflurane and propofol cause common alterations of fast thalamocortical rhythms that may constitute an electrophysiologic signature of the anesthetized state.
On the development of extragonadal and gonadal human germ cells
Authors: Heeren A. Marijne , He Nannan , de Souza Aline F. , Goercharn-Ramlal Angelique , van Iperen Liesbeth , Roost Matthias S. , Gomes Fernandes Maria M. , van der Westerlaken Lucette A. J. , Chuva de Sousa Lopes Susana M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Human germ cells originate in an extragonadal location and have to migrate to colonize the gonadal primordia at around seven weeks of gestation (W7, or five weeks post conception). Many germ cells are lost along the way and should enter apoptosis, but some escape and can give rise to extragonadal germ cell tumors. Due to the common somatic origin of gonads and adrenal cortex, we investigated whether ectopic germ cells were present in the human adrenals. Germ cells expressing DDX4 and/or POU5F1 were present in male and female human adrenals in the first and second trimester. However, in contrast to what has been described in mice, where ‘adrenal’ and ‘ovarian’ germ cells seem to enter meiosis in synchrony, we were unable to observe meiotic entry in human ‘adrenal’ germ cells until W22. By contrast, ‘ovarian’ germ cells at W22 showed a pronounced asynchronous meiotic entry. Interestingly, we observed that immature POU5F1+ germ cells in both first and second trimester ovaries still expressed the neural crest marker TUBB3, reminiscent of their migratory phase. Our findings highlight species-specific differences in early gametogenesis between mice and humans. We report the presence of a population of ectopic germ cells in the human adrenals during development.
Echoes of the embryo: using the developmental biology toolkit to study cancer
Authors: Aiello Nicole M. , Stanger Ben Z. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe hallmark of embryonic development is regulation – the tendency for cells to find their way into organized and ‘well behaved’ structures – whereas cancer is characterized by dysregulation and disorder. At face value, cancer biology and developmental biology would thus seem to have little to do with each other. But if one looks beneath the surface, embryos and cancers share a number of cellular and molecular features. Embryos arise from a single cell and undergo rapid growth involving cell migration and cell-cell interactions: features that are also seen in the context of cancer. Consequently, many of the experimental tools that have been used to study embryogenesis for over a century are well-suited to studying cancer. This article will review the similarities between embryogenesis and cancer progression and discuss how some of the concepts and techniques used to understand embryos are now being adapted to provide insight into tumorigenesis, from the origins of cancer cells to metastasis.
The short-lived African turquoise killifish: an emerging experimental model for ageing
Authors: Kim Yumi , Nam Hong Gil , Valenzano Dario Riccardo 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHuman ageing is a fundamental biological process that leads to functional decay, increased risk for various diseases and, ultimately, death. Some of the basic biological mechanisms underlying human ageing are shared with other organisms; thus, animal models have been invaluable in providing key mechanistic and molecular insights into the common bases of biological ageing. In this Review, we briefly summarise the major applications of the most commonly used model organisms adopted in ageing research and highlight their relevance in understanding human ageing. We compare the strengths and limitations of different model organisms and discuss in detail an emerging ageing model, the short-lived African turquoise killifish. We review the recent progress made in using the turquoise killifish to study the biology of ageing and discuss potential future applications of this promising animal model.
2D Spin-Crossover Coordination Polymer Fe(hexyl-nicotinate)2[Au(CN)2]2
Authors: Ueno Shoutaro , Kawasaki Takeshi , Okabayashi Jun , Kitazawa Takafumi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A new coordination polymer, Fe(hexyl-nicotinate)2[Au(CN)2]2 (1) with Hofmann-type 2D single layers, exhibited 50% spin-crossover (SCO) behavior with transition temperatures near 150 K. Temperature-dependent X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra indicated that 1 possessed SCO properties only with iron(II) ions.
Anomaly of the inferior vena cava and lactose malabsorption
Authors: Kalmar P. , Wallner-Liebmann S. J. , Reiter G. , Mangge H. , Lipp R. W. , Schnedl W. J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPatients with anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare, are usually asymptomatic and this developmental anomaly is detected during radiologic evaluation of deep vein thrombosis or incidentally during abdominal radiologic evaluation. We report on time resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (4D MRA) in a patient with congenital anomaly of the IVC and nonspecific abdominal complaints. 4D MRA is shown for evaluation and detailed diagnosis in vascular venous anatomy. However, due to continuing bloating and irregular bowel movements we investigated carbohydrate malabsorption and a lactose malabsorption was diagnosed. The nonspecific abdominal complaints in this patient with IVC anomaly were due to lactose malabsorption and were treated successfully with a lactose-free diet.@Supplementary material online: www.phlebologieonline.de: http://dx.doi.org/10.12687/phleb2285-1-2016
Light medical compression stockings reduce symptoms when standing equally well as firm ones
Authors: Thomä H.-J. , Winkler C. , Amsler F. , Blättler W. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackground In Germany, therapy with medical compression stockings (MCS) relies almost completely on stockings exerting an ankle pressure of 23-32 mmHg. There is, however, strong evidence that MCS exerting a pressure <20 mmHg are at least as effective offering great advantages in use.Methods We expanded prolonged standing to a stress test. The lower leg volume increase was monitored and, in parallel, the emergence of symptoms. Twenty-four healthy volunteers experienced symptoms in an initial test with bare legs and were therefore asked to take further tests with low (18-21 mmHg, D1) and high pressure (23-32 mmHg, D2) MCS. Leg volume was assessed with the Bodytronic 600 and symptoms with a numeric rating scale (1-10).Results Lower leg volume increased with no MCS to 22 ml after 2 min and to 44 ml after 10 min. D1 reduced the volume increase in the second phase only, by 16 ml (p=0.020), D2 in the first phase already, by 9 ml (p=0.006), and by 22 ml (p<0.001) after 10 min. Symptoms increased continuously to 2.93 scale points. The various symptoms were equally reduced by either stocking.Conclusions Prolonged standing leads to leg volume increase and symptoms. We found neither a cause-and-effect relationship between volume increase and symptoms nor between compression strength or volume increase prevention and symptoms.
Correlation between GSV diameter and varicose clinics
Authors: Amsler F. , Kalodiki E. , Mendoza E. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Background Great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence is involved in the majority of cases of varicose disease. Stratification of venous disease severity is still difficult. This study aims to correlate GSV diameters with C of CEAP and the venous clinical severity score (VCSS).
Methods Legs without GSV reflux (Control legs, Group 1) and legs with untreated isolated GSV reflux and varicose veins limited to the GSV territory (Group 2) were studied clinically and with duplex ultrasound in a prospective study. The GSV diameters were measured both next to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) and at proximal thigh (PT) and correlated to the C of CEAP and VCSS.
Results The control legs-group 1 were: n=33, 6 male, mean age 53, mean BMI 26.The legs with reflux-group 2 were: n=78, 16 male, mean age 54, mean BMI 27.The mean diameters for the SFJ ( ± SD) for groups 1 and 2 were 6.4 ± 1.8 and 9.9 ± 3.4. For PT they were 3.6 ± 0.9 and 5.9 ± 1.8 respectively. In legs with reflux the SFJ diameter correlates strongly with the PT diameter (r=0.69) and moderately with the C of CEAP and VCSS; 0.42 and 0.45 respectively. The PT diameter correlates slightly better with the C of CEAP and VCSS than the SFJ diameter (0.55 and 0.57). The mean values of VCSS for groups 1 and 2 were 0.70. and 4.69. The C of CEAP and VCSS show a strong correlation among them with r=0.79 in group 2 and 0.80 in the whole sample.
Conclusion The GSV diameters next to the SFJ and particularly at the PT in patients having reflux correlate strongly with both the C of CEAP and VCSS. Recording the GSV diameters at the SFJ and PT in a standardized way may improve comparison of published data and contribute to choice of treatment in the future.
Long-term observational study on outpatient treatment of venous diseases with medical compression stockings in Germany
Authors: Marshall M. , Murena-Schmidt R. , Doppel W. , Hahn S. , Schwahn-Schreiber C. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackground As detailed data are lacking on the provision of medical compression stockings (MCSs) in outpatient therapy of venous disorders in Germany, we examined various application parameters of mediven® roundknit garments in an 18-month observational study.Results Findings possibly indicative of impaired tolerability (dry skin [26.5–29.6 %], transient skin irritation [1.3–2.7 %]) were rare and decreased during the course of the study. The number of patients reporting a marked improvement during the past 12 months increased by 41.5–46.1 %, irrespective of the CEAP classification. Up to 84.5 % of participants reported that their well-being remained at a constantly high level, and the CEAP class improved objectively in 17.7 % of participants. The participants were prescribed an average of four prescriptions for MCSs (mainly compression class 2) which, irrespective of the CEAP and BMI, were mostly of a light quality. During the study, 65.3–75.6 % of patients wore the MCSs every day.Conclusion Our data show that mediven® MCSs are very well tolerated and lead to a subjective improvement in symptoms. Nevertheless, our results clearly confirm the need to optimise provision to patients with venous disorders.
Searching for truth: The art of the close-up in Draft
Authors: Lefebvre-Linetzky Jacques 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
From a visual point of view, Draft may be seen as a search for truth thanks to the use of the close-up. It enables the viewer to apprehend the father’s pain from within. As such, the close-up is about sharing emotions and not relying on the often-deceitful power of words.
A computational mind cannot recognize itself
Authors: Fletcher Jack McKay 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The computational mind paradigm proposes that the mind is an information-processing system equivalent to a Turing machine. Some proponents of this view hope to emulate the mind using methods such as symbolism, connectionism or more biological models. In the present work, the following question is posed: is a computational mind capable of deciding (yes or no) whether a proposed emulation of the mind is indeed an emulation of the mind? It is argued that this is not possible. Intuitively, the reason a computational mind cannot recognize an emulation of itself is for much the same reason that a set of scales cannot weigh itself. In this article, a formal argument for this stance is given by noticing the following: for a computational mind to recognize an emulation of itself, it must be capable of deciding whether two Turing Machines (namely, itself and the proposed emulation) are functionally equivalent. This task is uncomputable, and thus there cannot exist a computational procedure in the mind that is capable of recognizing an emulation of itself.
Speculative somatics
Authors: Maranan Diego S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Based on a presentation at The Undivided Mind conference at Plymouth University, this article sketches out speculative applications of somatics, the first person, phenomenological study of sensation, perception and movement. I first introduce the subject of somatics through an experiential exercise for the reader before summarizing theoretical aspects of somatic study. Drawing from the literature in embodied cognition and from personal recollections of embodied experiences, I propose how somatic approaches could potentially be used in working with immigrant communities, living in outer space, and empathizing with non-human animals.
Between minds and bodies: Some insights about creativity from dance improvisation
Authors: Łucznik Klara 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Observing dance improvisation provides a unique opportunity to understand how people collaborate together while creating. It is an opportunity to consider how new ideas appear, not simply from the internal processes of a single creator but rather from the interactions between the minds, bodies and the environment acting on and between a group of improvising dancers. Improvisational scores served in this study as a laboratory into group creativity. Using a video-stimulated recall method, which asks dancers to reflect upon their own processes just after completing the score, I explored the interdependency between meta-cognitive strategies such as imagery and sense awareness, group processes, the role of others in one’s own creative processes, and interactions between bodies and with the environment. As a result I describe how dancers build together a common improvisational space, which allows them to co-create and share their ideas mostly in non-verbal, non-propositional ways. I discuss the co-agency of such a process, showing that intentionality is distributed between dancers at each moment of improvisation and that they are mainly focused on supporting the ideas of others. I also discuss the medium of the body and the embodied response as central to dance improvisation practice.
‘A walking Man from the far North’ – art, craft and the emergence of consciousness: A speculative tale
Authors: Pothier Benjamin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
How can cross-disciplinary speculative narratives give us insights and open new paths of research? Borrowing from a number of disciplines, from Anthropology to Psychology or Art history, I will draw a hypothetical blueprint of processes that possibly led to the creation of the Ainu people’s patterns, an indigenous tribe from north Japan. From some particular key points I will narrate a speculative tale giving us possible insights about those specific patterns, as well as about the questions encapsulated in the split representation in the art of Asia and America, questions that were raised by various anthropologists, from Franz Boas to Claude Levi-Strauss. I will demonstrate that those pattern-making habits were inherent to human being as a species until very recently. What kind of unconscious purpose or meaning they could have had and what it could mean in terms of the evolution of consciousness.
Large deviations of the height of a random tree
Authors: Makarov G.D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the relation between random trees and branching processes for which the number of descendants of one particle has the Poisson distribution. The main result of the paper consists in finding the leading term of the asymptotics of the probabilities of large deviations for the height of a random tree. Similar problems were considered in [1-6].
Non-interference models and subliminal channels
Authors: Grusho A.A. , Shumitskaya E.L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe consider mathematical models of secure systems, namely, the traditional noninterference model and a probabilistic non-interference model. We demonstrate that a system can satisfy the conditions of the traditional non-interference model in presence of a subliminal channel from the high-security domain to the low-security one. We give a sufficient condition for absence of a system of subliminal channels in the automaton model.
An estimate of mean efficiency of search trees for arbitrary sets of binary words
Authors: Ryabko B.Ya. , Fedotov A.A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe consider the problem on constructing a binary search tree for an arbitrary set of binary words, which has found a wide use in informatics, biology, mineralogy, and other fields. It is known that the problem on constructing the tree of minimal cost is NP-complete; hence the problem arises to find simple algorithms which allow us to construct trees close to the optimal ones. In this paper we demonstrate that even simplest algorithm yields search trees which are close to the optimal ones in average, and prove that the mean number of nodes checked in the optimal tree differs from the natural lower bound, the binary logarithm of the number of words, by no more than 1.04.
On reversal of graph orientation
Authors: Kolmykov V.A. , Menshikh V.V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLet each vertex of a finite directed graph be associated with a finite-dimensional linear space and each arc, with a linear transformation of the corresponding space. Such objects are referred to as linear representations of graphs. They naturally arise in some fields of algebra and are deeply studied in the past three decades.Replacing all arcs entering into a sink by oppositely oriented ones, we arrive at a new directed graph. These two directed graphs are close to each other in the sense that the problem of classification of their representation are equivalent, as shown by Bernstein, Gelfand, and Ponomarev. Two orientations are equivalent if one is derived from another by means of a sequence of the above transformations.In the directed graph representation theory, of most interest are circuit-free orientations. In this paper, we give a simple criterion for equivalence of circuit-free orientations. We prove that two orientations are equivalent if and only if some integrals of these orientations are equal to each other.
Some remarks on transcript translation in discourse analysis
Authors: Belczyk-Kohl Yvonne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTranscripts of second language interaction and within publications in languages differing from the data discussed often must be translated to make the results of discourse analysis accessible. Transcription follows strict rules to achieve a scientific standard recipients can rely upon. Its main task is to picture a piece of authentic interaction by means of writing as detailed as possible and necessary, to make readers able to follow an analysis and judge it by themselves.But what is true for transcriptions does not hold for their translations. Surprisingly, reflection of transcript translation tends to be neglected in literature. This might be due to several reasons: the different language systems and cultural imaging habits make it difficult, if not impossible, to propose an all-fitting translation guideline for transcription. Further, discourse analysts usually are (experienced) non-professional translators and do not often have a theoretical translation background. It is an additional (practical) challenge to align the demands of transcript theory and readability with editorial requirements.While translating transcripts analysts would have to reflect five different aspects: (1) the status of translation in transcription, (2) a (not yet established) standard for transcript translation, (3) the translation‘s readability (recipients should be able to follow it with only little effort), (4) the potentially extremely differing systems of source and target language (representation of syntax and semantics), and (5) translation problems (e.g. cultural aspects) with regard to the given language pair.The article considers the status of translation in transcription. The few theoretical findings are analyzed and contrasted with examples from discourse analysis. The article is complemented with the results of a survey among analysts concerning their translation behavior. Finally, some proposals for solutions are outlined.
Comparative Analysis of Thermoeconomic Evaluation Criteria for an Actual Heat Engine
Authors: Özel Gülcan , Açıkkalp Emin , Savaş Ahmet Fevzi , Yamık Hasan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the present study, an actual heat engine is investigated by using different thermoeconomic evaluation criteria in the literature. A criteria that has not been investigated in detail is considered and it is called as ecologico-economical criteria (