bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone app-based approximation of time spent with atrial fibrillation and symptoms in patients after catheter ablation: data from the TeleCheck-AF project
Authors: Sandgren Emma , Hermans Astrid N L , Gawalko Monika , Betz Konstanze , Sohaib Afzal , Fung Chi Ho , Hillmann Henrike A K , van der Velden Rachel M J , Verhaert Dominique , Scherr Daniel , Sultan Arian , Steven Daniel , Pisters Ron , Hemels Martin , Lodziński Piotr , Chaldoupi Sevasti-Maria , Gupta Dhiraj , Gruwez Henri , Pluymaekers Nikki A H A , Hendriks Jeroen M , Nørregaard Malene , Manninger Martin , Duncker David , Linz Dominik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Reduction of atrial fibrillation (AF) burden is the preferred outcome measure over categorical AF rhythm recurrence after AF ablation. In this sub-analysis of the TeleCheck-AF project, we tested the feasibility of smartphone app-based approximation of time spent with AF and/or symptoms.

Methods and results
Patients scheduled for at least one teleconsultation during the 12-month follow-up after AF ablation were instructed to use a smartphone photoplethysmography-based application for simultaneous symptom and rhythm monitoring three times daily for 1 week. Proxies of time spent with AF and/or symptoms (% recordings, load, and % days), temporal aggregation of AF and/or symptoms (density), and symptom–rhythm correlation (SRC) were assessed. In total, 484 patients (60% male, 62 ± 9.9 years) were included. Adherence, motivation, and patient satisfaction were high. %AF recordings, AF load, and %AF days (rs = 0.88–0.95) and %symptom recordings, symptom load, and %symptom days (rs = 0.95–0.98) showed positive correlations. The SRC correlated negatively with time spent with symptoms (rs = −0.65–0.90) and with time spent with AF (rs = −0.31–0.34). In patients with paroxysmal AF before ablation and AF during the monitoring period, 87% (n = 39/44) had a low-density score &lt;50% (‘paroxysmal AF pattern’) while 5% (n = 2/44) had a high-density score &gt;90% (‘persistent AF pattern’). Corresponding numbers for patients with persistent AF before ablation were 48% (n = 11/23) and 43% (n = 10/23), respectively.

Conclusion
On-demand, app-based simultaneous rhythm and symptom assessment provides objective proxies of time spent with AF and/or symptoms and SRC, which may assist in assessing AF and symptom outcomes after AF ablation.
Fitness consequences of marine larval dispersal: the role of neighbourhood density, arrangement, and genetic relatedness on survival, growth, reproduction, and paternity in a sessile invertebrate
Authors: Barnes Danielle K , Burgess Scott C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dispersal can evolve as an adaptation to escape competition with conspecifics or kin. Locations with a low density of conspecifics, however, may also lead to reduced opportunities for mating, especially in sessile marine invertebrates with proximity-dependent mating success. Since there are few experimental investigations, we performed a series of field experiments using an experimentally tractable species (the bryozoan Bugula neritina) to test the hypothesis that the density, spatial arrangement, and genetic relatedness of neighbours differentially affect survival, growth, reproduction, paternity, and sperm dispersal. We manipulated the density and relatedness of neighbours and found that increased density reduced survival but not growth rate, and that there was no effect of relatedness on survival, growth, or fecundity, in contrast to previous studies. We also manipulated the distances to the nearest neighbour and used genetic markers to assign paternity within known mother–offspring groups to estimate how proximity affects mating success. Distance to the nearest neighbour did not affect the number of settlers produced, the paternity share, or the degree of multiple paternity. Overall, larger than expected sperm dispersal led to high multiple paternity, regardless of the distance to the nearest neighbour. Our results have important implications for understanding selection on dispersal distance: in this system, there are few disadvantages to the limited larval dispersal that does occur and limited advantages for larvae to disperse further than a few 10s of metres.
A Retrospective Assessment of Guideline Adherence and Treatment Outcomes From Clostridioides difficile Infection Following the IDSA 2021 Clinical Guideline Update: Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Dubberke Erik R , Li Qinghua , Obi Engels N , Turzhitsky Vladimir , Siddiqui Fakhar , Nathanson Brian H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The 2021 update to the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines recommended fidaxomicin as the preferred treatment over vancomycin for patients with initial and recurrent CDI. Few studies have examined how treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of hospitalized CDI patients changed after the postguideline update or contemporary real-world outcomes of fidaxomicin vs vancomycin.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study used the PINC AI Healthcare Database on adult patients who received CDI treatment between 1/2020 and 6/2021 (pre period) and between 10/2021 and 9/2022 (post period). We examined treatment patterns of fidaxomicin, vancomycin, and metronidazole, as well as clinical and health care resource use outcomes of patients treated exclusively with fidaxomicin vs vancomycin, using nearest-neighbor propensity matching and hierarchical regression methods. As a sensitivity analysis, we repeated the fidaxomicin vs vancomycin comparisons among patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent index infections.

Results
A total of 45 049 patients with CDI from 779 US hospitals met initial inclusion criteria. Comparing the pre vs post periods, the proportion of patients treated with fidaxomicin increased from 5.9% to 13.7% (P &lt; .001), vancomycin use decreased from 87.9% to 82.9% (P &lt; .001), and metronidazole use decreased from 21.6% to 17.2% (P &lt; .001). When comparing fidaxomicin vs vancomycin in the post period, fidaxomicin was associated with lower CDI recurrence (6.1% vs 10.2%; P &lt; .001) and higher sustained clinical response (91.7% vs 87.8%; P &lt; .001). Ninety-day postdischarge costs were not significantly different between groups. A sensitivity analyses showed similar findings.

Conclusions
Since the 2021 guideline update, fidaxomicin use has increased significantly but could be further utilized given its association with better clinical outcomes and no increase in postdischarge costs.
The case for Dalit reparations
Authors: Thorat Amit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research on caste to date has examined the largely contemporary situation of the ex-untouchables and descendants of the caste-enslaved in India, the Dalits, and made policy suggestions. This paper builds an argument based on historic origins and the evolution of the caste social structure and on how this longest surviving system of oppression continues to have a severe impact on the lives of the descendants. It not only provides a justification for why reparations are owed to this community and are necessary to bridge the social gap, but also looks at the various forms it could take, as a legislated policy of redress for an historic injustice.
Effects of mixotroph evolution on trophic transfer
Authors: Honig Meredith A , Barbaglia Gina S , Doyle Margaret D , Moeller Holly V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Plankton form the foundation of marine food webs, playing fundamental roles in mediating trophic transfer and the movement of organic matter. Increasing ocean temperatures have been documented to drive evolution of plankton, resulting in changes to metabolic traits that can affect trophic transfer. Despite this, there are few direct tests of the effects of such evolution on predator–prey interactions. Here, we used two thermally adapted strains of the marine mixotroph (organism that combines both heterotrophy and autotrophy to obtain energy) Ochromonas as prey and the generalist dinoflagellate predator Oxyrrhis marina to quantify how evolved traits of mixotrophs to hot and cold temperatures affects trophic transfer. Evolution to hot temperatures reduced the overall ingestion rates of both mixotroph strains, consequently weakening predator–prey interactions. We found variability in prey palatability and predator performance with prey thermal adaptation and between strains. Further, we quantified how ambient temperature affects predator grazing on mixotrophs thermally adapted to the same conditions. Increasing ambient temperatures led to increased ingestion rates but declines in clearance rates. Our results for individual, pairwise trophic interactions show how climate change can alter the dynamics of planktonic food webs with implications for carbon cycling in upper ocean ecosystems.
Collaboration, crowdsourcing, and misinformation
Authors: Jia Chenyan , Lee Angela Yuson , Moore Ryan C , Decatur Cid Halsey-Steve , Liu Sunny Xun , Hancock Jeffrey T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of humanity's greatest strengths lies in our ability to collaborate to achieve more than we can alone. Just as collaboration can be an important strength, humankind's inability to detect deception is one of our greatest weaknesses. Recently, our struggles with deception detection have been the subject of scholarly and public attention with the rise and spread of misinformation online, which threatens public health and civic society. Fortunately, prior work indicates that going beyond the individual can ameliorate weaknesses in deception detection by promoting active discussion or by harnessing the “wisdom of crowds.” Can group collaboration similarly enhance our ability to recognize online misinformation? We conducted a lab experiment where participants assessed the veracity of credible news and misinformation on social media either as an actively collaborating group or while working alone. Our results suggest that collaborative groups were more accurate than individuals at detecting false posts, but not more accurate than a majority-based simulated group, suggesting that “wisdom of crowds” is the more efficient method for identifying misinformation. Our findings reorient research and policy from focusing on the individual to approaches that rely on crowdsourcing or potentially on collaboration in addressing the problem of misinformation.
Different sodium concentrations of noncancerous and cancerous prostate tissue seen on MRI using an external coil
Authors: Tan Josephine L , Kalia Vibhuti , Pautler Stephen E , Bauman Glenn , Gast Lena V , Müller Max , Nagel Armin M , Thiessen Jonathan D , Scholl Timothy J , Akbari Alireza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Sodium (23Na) MRI of prostate cancer (PCa) is a novel but underdocumented technique conventionally acquired using an endorectal coil. These endorectal coils are associated with challenges (e.g., a nonuniform sensitivity profile, limited prostate coverage, patient discomfort) that could be mitigated with an external 23Na MRI coil.

Purpose
To quantify tissue sodium concentration (TSC) differences within the prostate of participants with PCa and healthy volunteers using an external 23Na MRI radiofrequency coil at 3 T.

Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2024 in healthy volunteers and participants with biopsy-proven PCa. Prostate 23Na MRI was acquired on a 3-T PET/MRI scanner using a custom-built 2-loop (diameter, 18 cm) butterfly surface coil tuned for the 23Na frequency (32.6 MHz). The percent difference in TSC (ΔTSC) between prostate cancer lesions and surrounding noncancerous prostate tissue of the peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) was evaluated using a 1-sample t-test. TSC was compared to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements as a clinical reference.

Results
Six healthy volunteers (mean age, 54.5 years ± 12.7) and 20 participants with PCa (mean age, 70.7 years ± 8.3) were evaluated. A total of 31 lesions were detected (21 PZ, 10 TZ) across PCa participants. Compared to noncancerous prostate tissue, prostate cancer lesions had significantly lower TSC (ΔTSC, –14.1% ± 18.2, P = .0002) and ADC (ΔADC, –26.6% ± 18.7, P &lt; .0001).

Conclusion
We used an external 23Na MRI coil for whole-gland comparison of TSC in PCa and noncancerous prostate tissue at 3 T. PCa lesions presented with lower TSC compared to surrounding noncancerous PZ and TZ tissue. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of an external 23Na MRI coil to quantify TSC in the prostate and offer a promising, noninvasive approach to PCa diagnosis and management.
Use of traditional tools and micro-computed tomography for the taxonomy of carnivorous bivalves from the deep waters of Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Pacheco Leonel I , Teso Valeria , Pastorino Guido 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we conduct a morphological integrative analysis, using traditional techniques and micro-computed tomography imaging, on Septibranchia species. Specimens deposited in malacological collections and samples collected aboard the research vessels Puerto Deseado and Austral off Mar del Plata (~36°S), San Jorge Gulf (~46°), and Marine Protected Area Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank area (~54°S), at depths ranging from 200 to 3000 m, are the subjects of this study. Seven species were identified, including Cardiomya cleryana (d’Orbigny, 1846), Cardiomya knudseni (Allen & Morgan, 1981), Lyonsiella cf. fragilis Allen & Turner, 1974, and Cetoconcha spinulosa (Thiele, 1912), previously found in the study area. Cardiomya fragilissima (E. A. Smith, 1885), an Antarctic/sub-Antarctic species, extends its distribution up to 36°S. Two new species, Cetoconcha gigas sp. nov. and Lyonsiella tentaculata sp. nov., are described. A lectotype is designated for Pholadomya adelaidis Hedley, 1916 and a neotype for Sphenia cleryana d’Orbigny, 1846. A detailed description of the morphological characters of each species and genus, along with insights into their geographical and bathymetric distribution, are provided. The micro-computed tomography analysis of Cardiomya cleryana, Cardiomya fragilissima, and Cetoconcha spinulosa contributed to a detailed anatomical inspection and revealed the presence of muscle bundles associated with the anterior portion of the visceral mass in the scanned specimens.
The evolutionary history and biogeographical distribution of the Mesozoic relic genus Chilelimnophila (Diptera, Limoniidae)
Authors: Krzemiński Wiesław , Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Arillo Antonio , Kopeć Katarzyna , Santos Daubian , Soszyńska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study presents novel findings that expand our understanding of the evolutionary history and diversity of the Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae, with a specific focus on the relict genus Chilelimnophila. The family Limoniidae is well documented in the fossil record, with many species considered relicts in the modern fauna. Our study is based on the discovery of the first fossil specimens of Chilelimnophila in both Cretaceous Spanish and Kachin amber. The new materials have allowed the establishment of a new subgenus Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, subgen. nov. and three new species: Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) amorimi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov., Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) wangi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov., and Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) parva Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov. This research also significantly extends the stratigraphic range of the genus, providing evidence of its existence dating back to the Early Cretaceous period. The morphology and phylogenetic analysis of Chilelimnophila and related genera within the Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae provide valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships of these organisms. Furthermore, our research highlights the unique environmental conditions of Cretaceous Spanish and Kachin amber formations, which differ significantly from the current habitat of these organisms.
Comparison of Oswestry Disability Index Scores Between Surgical Candidates and General Population
Authors: Bansal Aiyush , Kumar Rakesh , Lipson Patricia , Alostaz Murad , Nemani Venu , Leveque Jean-Christophe , Louie Philip K. 
Published: September 2024

Study Design.
A mixed-methods investigation with both retrospective and prospective components.

Objective.
Determine the mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores for individuals who underwent surgical intervention compared to a non-surgical population and identify threshold values that distinguish between these groups.

Summary of Background Data.
The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) quantifies disability in patients with low back pain and commonly serves as a significant determinant in lumbar spine pathology and surgical outcomes. An empirically established ODI threshold can aid in optimizing surgical decision-making processes.

Methods.
This study retrospectively analyzed 557 patients who consulted with a spine surgeon and subsequently underwent lumbar spine surgery from 2019 to 2023. Additionally, ODI scores were surveyed from 797 individuals in the general American population using the CloudResearch Connect platform, with participants matched for age and sex according to US census data. Mean ODI scores stratified by age group and sex were calculated for each cohort. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized to ascertain ODI cutoff values for different demographics.

Results.
The retrospective cohort demonstrated a higher disability level with an overall mean ODI of 34.7 (95% CI [33.1, 36.2]) for ages 18-89. In contrast, the general population surveyed had a mean ODI of 14.4 (95% CI [13.3, 15.4]). An ROC-derived ODI threshold of 16.5 within the comprehensive age group of 18-89 exhibited a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.68.

Conclusion.
The ODI values identified in this study offer benchmarks that can assist in the evaluation process for spine surgery. These findings highlight the importance of considering ODI scores as part of a comprehensive clinical evaluation, rather than as standalone indicators for surgical intervention. Further prospective validation of these findings and their integration into clinical practice is recommended for future research.
In Situ Assembly of Dual Mobility Liners in Isolated Cup Revision in Hip Arthroplasty: A Technical Note
Authors: Bell Louisa , Bühler Tobias , Leunig Michael , Rüdiger Hannes A. 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Isolated cup revisions to a dual mobility system through the minimally invasive direct anterior approach represent a major challenge in revision hip arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods:
We present 2 cases of isolated cup revision to a dual mobility system due to aseptic loosening, in which the dual mobility liners were assembled in situ. In the first case, a well-fixed cemented monobloc stem did not require revision; in the second, the collared prosthetic head could not be removed from the well-fixed stem.

Results:
In situ assembly of the polyethylene liner to the prosthetic head was performed using the standard press, designed for back-table assembly.

Conclusion:
In situ assembly of dual mobility liners is technically simple using standard instruments and can be performed through a direct anterior approach.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery With Melanocytic Immunostains for T1a/b Invasive Melanoma Yields <1% Local Recurrence and Disease-specific Mortality
Authors: Bangalore Kumar Anagha , Trischman Thomas , Asamoah Eucabeth , Todd Austin , Vidal Nahid Y. , Demer Addison M. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
The use of Mohs micrographic surgery with melanocytic immunostains (MMS-I) for cutaneous melanoma is increasing.

OBJECTIVE
To assess local recurrence, melanoma-specific death rates in patients with invasive melanoma treated with MMS-I.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single-center retrospective review of patients with invasive melanoma treated with MMS-I from January 2008 to December 2018.

RESULTS
Three hundred fifty-two patients (359 melanomas) were included. The median age was 71 years; most patients were male (252%; 71.6%). Most tumors were T1a/b (341, 95%), H/N (322; 89.7%), and lentigo maligna subtype (281, 78.3%). At a median follow-up of 4.3 years, local recurrence rates were 1.4% (5) and 0.9% (3) among all-stage and T1a/b tumors, respectively. There were 3 melanoma-related deaths (0.9%).

CONCLUSION
MMS-I is associated with <1% risk of local recurrence and disease-specific mortality for T1a/b melanomas.
Antidepressant Medication Use for Treatment of Chronic Ocular Pain
Authors: De Lott Lindsey B. , Khan Noreen , Woodward Maria A. , Clauw Daniel J. , Galor Anat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Chronic ocular pain (COP) is a leading cause of eye care visits in the US and has a substantial impact on quality of life and visual functioning. Although many conditions underlie COP, such as dry eye disease or post-herpetic neuralgia, some people experience pain without significant ocular signs on examination or known risk factors (eg, traumatic injury). Antidepressant medications that act primarily on the central nervous system, such as tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, are often used to treat patients with COP, but a recent Cochrane review and network meta-analysis investigating 25 different antidepressants concluded that only two serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have sufficient data to support their use in chronic pain. For all other medications, the evidence was of low certainty. We contend that while these medications are not a cure-all for chronic pain or COP, it is premature to conclude that these medications have no role in their treatment. We provide a rationale for continued use of antidepressant medications as part of a multimodal targeted treatment for patients with COP.
Serum uric acid-lowering effect of sacubitril/valsartan in hypertensive patients: evaluation by switching from angiotensin II receptor blockers
Authors: Horio Takeshi , Iwashima Yoshio , Yoshiyama Minoru , Fukuda Daiju , Hasegawa Takamasa , Fujimoto Kohei 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Since hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, it is necessary to pay attention to trends in uric acid levels when treating hypertensive patients with drugs. The present study investigated the effect of switching from angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) to sacubitril/valsartan on serum uric acid levels in treated hypertensive patients and further examined what factors could be associated with its effect.

Methods
In 75 hypertensive patients under treatment with at least one antihypertensive agent including ARB, clinic blood pressure and biochemical parameters were assessed before and after drug switching to sacubitril/valsartan (200 mg/day).

Results
Clinic SBP and DBP significantly decreased after drug switching to sacubitril/valsartan (P < 0.0001, respectively). Serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary protein did not change after switching to sacubitril/valsartan, but serum uric acid significantly decreased (5.70 ± 1.44 to 5.40 ± 1.43 mg/dl, P = 0.0017). The degree of uric acid lowering was greater in patients switching from ARB plus diuretic than in those switching from ARB, but switching to sacubitril/valsartan from ARB only (except losartan) also significantly decreased uric acid levels. In all subjects, the change in serum uric acid after drug switching to sacubitril/valsartan was closely correlated with the change in eGFR (r = −0.5264, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that switching from ARB to sacubitril/valsartan reduces serum uric acid levels in hypertensive patients and suggest that this uric acid-lowering effect may be associated with an increase in eGFR.