bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The locus for resistance to Asian soybean rust in PI 587855
Authors: Yamanaka Naoki , Morishita Mio , Mori Tomomi , Muraki Yukie , Hasegawa Midori , Hossain Md. Motaher , Yamaoka Yuichi , Kato Masayasu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAsian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most serious soybean (Glycine max) diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. A soybean line, PI 587855, showed a resistance phenotype against ASR pathogens in Japan and South America at high frequency; however, little is known of the genetic control of this resistance and chromosomal location of the corresponding locus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the inheritance of PI 587855 resistance and map the corresponding locus with SSR markers aiming to use the linked markers in marker‐assisted selection. In the segregating population, resistance to ASR appeared to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The ASR resistance locus was mapped near to the chromosomal region where the resistant loci, Rpp1 and Rpp1‐b, were previously mapped. Comparative genetic mapping and disease reaction profiles of other seven lines carrying Rpp1 or Rpp1‐b to four Brazilian ASR isolates revealed that the resistance reaction exhibited by PI 587855 was similar to that of Rpp1‐b‐carrying varieties which have useful resistance to South American ASR strains.
Serum α‐fetoprotein concentration in extremely low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Maruyama Kenichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundExtremely low‐birthweight infants (ELBWI) are at greater risk of developing hepatoblastoma than are normal‐weight infants. Serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) plays an important role as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of hepatoblastoma, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the changes in serum AFP concentration after birth in ELBWI.MethodsData were obtained for infants born between January 2005 and March 2008 with birthweight <1000 g who were followed up at Gunma Children's Medical Center with clinical examinations, including monitoring of the development of hepatoblastoma. The relationship between serum AFP concentration and age was analyzed up to 730 days after birth.ResultsOverall, 95 serum AFP measurements were obtained from 23 infants 30–730 days of age, with gestational age 24–32 weeks, and birthweight 498–982 g. Log10(AFP [ng/mL]) was significantly correlated with log10(age [days]) (r = −0.961, P = 0.000, n = 95), with the following regression formula: log10(AFP [ng/mL]) = 11.063 − 3.752 log10(age [days]) (adjusted R2 = 0.923, n = 95). The standard error of the estimate, mean log10(age [days]), and the sum of squares for log10(age [days]) were 0.363, 2.503, and 10.579, respectively.ConclusionsA correlation was found between serum AFP concentration and age in ELBWI, and the 95%CI of serum AFP concentration was determined for ELBWI up to 2 years after birth.
First report of three benthic dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus pacificus, G. australes and G. caribaeus (Dinophyceae), from Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wu Zhen , Cen Jingyi , Li Yang , Wang Hualong , Lu Songhui 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYSpecies of the marine benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus are the principal cause of Ciguatera fish poisoning. This genus has been recorded from tropical to temperate oceans, although Gambierdiscus species have rarely been found in Chinese waters. Our work revealed the morphological and genetic characteristics of three potentially toxic Gambierdiscus species observed in the temperate to subtropical waters of China. The fine thecal morphology was determined based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, and these species were also characterized by sequencing the D1–D3 and D8–D10 regions of the LSU rDNA. The morphological and genetic data indicated that these three Gambierdiscus species were G. pacificus, G. australes and G. caribaeus. This work provides the first report of these species in Chinese waters, which increases the known species distribution of this genus.
Low‐grade endotoxemia and clotting activation in the early phase of pneumonia
Authors: Cangemi Roberto , Della Valle Patrizia , Calvieri Camilla , Taliani Gloria , Ferroni Patrizia , Falcone Marco , Carnevale Roberto , Bartimoccia Simona , D'Angelo Armando , Violi Francesco ,   in collaboration with the SIXTUS Study Group
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. We investigated if, in patients with CAP, a pro‐thrombotic state does exist and its relationship with serum levels of endotoxins.MethodsA total of 104 consecutive patients with CAP were prospectively recruited and followed up until discharge. At admission and at discharge, serum endotoxins, systemic markers of clotting activation and zonulin, a marker of gut permeability, were analysed. Hospitalized patients matched for gender, age and comorbidities but without infections were used as control.ResultsAt admission, CAP patients showed higher plasma levels of F1

+2, a marker of thrombin generation (P = 0.023), and lower levels of protein C (PC; P < 0.001) and activated PC (aPC) (P < 0.001) compared with controls. At discharge, plasma levels of both PC and aPC significantly increased while F1

+2 significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Baseline serum endotoxins and zonulin were higher in CAP patients than controls (P < 0.001) and significantly decreased at discharge; a significant correlation between serum endotoxins and zonulin was detected (R = 0.575; P < 0.001)ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that CAP patients disclose an ongoing pro‐thrombotic state and suggests a role for endotoxemia in determining enhanced thrombin generation.
“I've Been a Long Time Leaving”: The Role of Limited Skill Transferability in Increasing Suicide‐Related Cognitions and Behavior in Veterinarians
Authors: Crane Monique F. , Phillips Jacqueline K. , Karin Eyal 
Published: July 2016

Barriers to occupational mobility were investigated to determine whether they increased reported suicide‐related cognitions and behavior over 12 months. This was explored in a two‐wave longitudinal study. Intention to leave, depression, perceived skill transferability, and suicide‐related cognitions and behavior was measured at both time points approximately 12 months apart. Results indicated that when there was a high intention to leave at T1, reported suicide‐related cognitions and behavior increased over 12 months only when skill transferability to other professions was perceived to be limited. Findings support the role of limited occupational mobility in suicide‐related cognitions and behavior.
Evaluation on the efficiencies of county‐level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China: results from a national survey
Authors: Li Chengyue , Sun Mei , Shen Jay J. , Cochran Christopher R. , Li Xiaojiao , Hao Mo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe Chinese government has greatly increased funding for disease control and prevention since the 2003 Severe Acute Respiration Syndrome crisis, but it is also concerned whether these increased resources have been used efficiently to improve public health services. We aimed to assess the efficiency of county‐level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) of China and to identify strategies for optimising their performance.MethodsA total of 446 county‐level CDCs were selected based on systematic sampling throughout China. The data envelopment analysis framework was used to calculate the efficiency score of sampled CDCs in 2010. The Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model was applied to calculate the overall and scale efficiency, and the Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model was used to assess technical efficiency. Models included three inputs and seven outputs. A projection analysis was conducted to identify the difference between projection value and actual value for inputs and outputs.ResultsThe average overall efficiency score of CDCs was 0.317, and the average technical efficiency score was 0.442 and 88.3% with decreasing returns to scale. Projection analysis indicated that all seven categories of outputs were underproduced. CDCs in the eastern region tended to perform better than CDCs in the middle and the western region.ConclusionsMost county‐level CDCs in China were operated inefficiently. Emphasis should be put on increasing staff and general operating expenses through current governmental funding, upgrading healthcare providers' competencies and enhancing the standardisation of operational management, so that CDCs could utilise their resources more efficiently.
A climate‐based prediction model in the high‐risk clusters of the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam: towards improving dengue prevention and control
Authors: Phung Dung , Talukder Mohammad Radwanur Rahman , Rutherford Shannon , Chu Cordia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a prediction score scheme useful for prevention practitioners and authorities to implement dengue preparedness and controls in the Mekong Delta region (MDR).MethodsWe applied a spatial scan statistic to identify high‐risk dengue clusters in the MDR and used generalised linear‐distributed lag models to examine climate–dengue associations using dengue case records and meteorological data from 2003 to 2013. The significant predictors were collapsed into categorical scales, and the β‐coefficients of predictors were converted to prediction scores. The score scheme was validated for predicting dengue outbreaks using ROC analysis.ResultsThe north‐eastern MDR was identified as the high‐risk cluster. A 1 °C increase in temperature at lag 1–4 and 5–8 weeks increased the dengue risk 11% (95% CI, 9–13) and 7% (95% CI, 6–8), respectively. A 1% rise in humidity increased dengue risk 0.9% (95% CI, 0.2–1.4) at lag 1–4 and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.2–1.4) at lag 5–8 weeks. Similarly, a 1‐mm increase in rainfall increased dengue risk 0.1% (95% CI, 0.05–0.16) at lag 1–4 and 0.11% (95% CI, 0.07–0.16) at lag 5–8 weeks. The predicted scores performed with high accuracy in diagnosing the dengue outbreaks (96.3%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential usefulness of a dengue prediction score scheme derived from complex statistical models for high‐risk dengue clusters. We recommend a further study to examine the possibility of incorporating such a score scheme into the dengue early warning system in similar climate settings.
Discovering Psychological Principles by Mining Naturally Occurring Data Sets
Authors: Goldstone Robert L. , Lupyan Gary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe very expertise with which psychologists wield their tools for achieving laboratory control may have had the unwelcome effect of blinding psychologists to the possibilities of discovering principles of behavior without conducting experiments. When creatively interrogated, a diverse range of large, real‐world data sets provides powerful diagnostic tools for revealing principles of human judgment, perception, categorization, decision‐making, language use, inference, problem solving, and representation. Examples of these data sets include patterns of website links, dictionaries, logs of group interactions, collections of images and image tags, text corpora, history of financial transactions, trends in twitter tag usage and propagation, patents, consumer product sales, performance in high‐stakes sporting events, dialect maps, and scientific citations. The goal of this issue is to present some exemplary case studies of mining naturally existing data sets to reveal important principles and phenomena in cognitive science, and to discuss some of the underlying issues involved with conducting traditional experiments, analyses of naturally occurring data, computational modeling, and the synthesis of all three methods.
New BAR tools for mining expression data and exploring Cis‐elements in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Austin Ryan S. , Hiu Shu , Waese Jamie , Ierullo Matthew , Pasha Asher , Wang Ting Ting , Fan Jim , Foong Curtis , Breit Robert , Desveaux Darrell , Moses Alan , Provart Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIdentifying sets of genes that are specifically expressed in certain tissues or in response to an environmental stimulus is useful for designing reporter constructs, generating gene expression markers, or for understanding gene regulatory networks. We have developed an easy‐to‐use online tool for defining a desired expression profile (a modification of our Expression Angler program), which can then be used to identify genes exhibiting patterns of expression that match this profile as closely as possible. Further, we have developed another online tool, Cistome, for predicting or exploring cis‐elements in the promoters of sets of co‐expressed genes identified by such a method, or by other methods. We present two use cases for these tools, which are freely available on the Bio‐Analytic Resource at http://BAR.utoronto.ca.
Improvement of hemoglobin levels after a switch from intravenous to subcutaneous administration of immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Markvardsen Lars Høj , Christiansen Ingelise , Jakobsen Johannes 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is recommended treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). Recent studies have demonstrated that subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) is feasible, safe, and effective in both disorders. IVIG leads to transient hemolysis and, consequently, we hypothesized that frequent small doses of SCIG exerts less hemolytic activity than a few larger doses of IVIG.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn an open‐label study, 23 three patients treated with IVIG for CIDP or MMN were switched to SCIG at an equal dosage. IVIG was administered two to three times for 6 weeks. Two weeks after the last IVIG infusion at Week 8, SCIG was initiated with injections twice or thrice weekly until Week 20. Blood samples were drawn 2 weeks after IVIG at Weeks 2 and 8 and during SCIG at Weeks 14 and 20 determining hemoglobin (Hb) and hemolytic variables.RESULTSSeventeen patients completed the study. At enrollment, the Hb level was 138 ± 12 g/L, haptoglobin level was 1.4 ± 0.5 g/L, reticulocyte count was 58.7 × 109 ± 21.3 × 109/L, and bilirubin level was 6.6 ± 2.3 µmol/L. The average of the two blood samples drawn at comparable intervals during IVIG and SCIG showed that Hb increased from 135 ± 15 to 138 ± 15 g/L (p = 0.03). During IVIG the hemolytic variables showed signs of mild hemolysis that improved during SCIG, haptoglobin increasing from 1.2 ± 0.5 to 1.5 ± 0.6 g/L (p = 0.002), reticulocytes decreasing from 71.9 × 109 ± 35.8 × 109 to 54.5 × 109 ± 16.3 × 109/L (p = 0.02), and bilirubin decreasing from 7.3 ± 2.8 to 5.8 ± 1.8 µmol/L (p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONA switch from IVIG to SCIG was associated with a slight increase of Hb levels and an improvement of laboratory variables related to hemolytic activity.
Combination of ciclopirox olamine and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate as granulation enhancer in diabetic wounds
Authors: Lim Natalie Sheng Jie , Sham Adeline , Chee Stella Min Ling , Chan Casey , Raghunath Michael 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTGranulation tissue formation requires a robust angiogenic response. As granulation tissue develops, collagen fibers are deposited and compacted. Forces generated in the wake of this process drive wound contraction to reduce the wound area. In diabetics, both angiogenesis and wound contraction are diminished leading to impaired wound healing. To emulate this pathology and to address it pharmacologically, we developed a wound healing model in the diabetic Zucker fatty rat and tested a topical proangiogenic strategy combining antifungal agent ciclopirox olamine (CPX) and lysophospholipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) to promote diabetic wound closure. In vitro, we demonstrated that CPX + S1P up‐regulates a crucial driver of angiogenesis, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, in endothelial cells. Injection of CPX + S1P into subcutaneously implanted sponges in experimental rats showed, in an additive manner, a fivefold increased endothelial infiltration and lectin‐perfused vessel length. We developed a splinted diabetic rodent model to achieve low wound contraction rates that are characteristic for the healing mode of diabetic ulcers in humans. We discovered specific dorsal sites that allowed for incremental full‐thickness excisional wound depths from 1 mm (superficial) to 3 mm (deep). This enabled us to bring down wound contraction from 51% in superficial wounds to 8% in deep wounds. While the effects of topical gel treatment of CPX + S1P were masked by the rodent‐characteristic dominant contraction in superficial wounds, they became clearly evident in deep diabetic wounds. Here, a fivefold increase of functional large vessels resulted in accelerated granulation tissue formulation, accompanied by a 40% increase of compacted thick collagen fibers. This was associated with substantially reduced matrix metalloproteinase‐3 and ‐13 expression. These findings translated into a fivefold increase in granulation‐driven contraction, promoting diabetic wound closure. With CPX and S1P analogues already in clinical use, their combination presents itself as an attractive proangiogenic treatment to be repurposed for diabetic wound healing.
Evaluation of validity of the new diabetic foot ulcer assessment scale in Indonesia
Authors: Arisandi Defa , Oe Makoto , Roselyne Yotsu Rie , Matsumoto Masaru , Ogai Kazuhiro , Nakagami Gojiro , Tamaki Takeshi , Suriadi  , Sanada Hiromi , Sugama Junko 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe developed a new assessment tool for diabetic foot ulcers because no such tool specifically for diabetic foot ulcer exists. The diabetic foot ulcer assessment scale (DFUAS) has 11 domain items. The minimum and maximum scores on this scale are 0 and 98, respectively; higher scores indicate more severe wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity, construct validity and predictive validity of DFUAS in Indonesia. A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with diabetic foot ulcer at Kitamura wound clinic in Indonesia. A total of 62 patients with 70 diabetic foot ulcers were assessed with DFUAS tool, Bates‐Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT), and pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH). Concurrent validity was determined by correlation of the DFUAS total score with the external criterion (BWAT, PUSH, and wound surface area). A comparison between the total DFUAS score and chronic wound status was made to determine construct validity. We also analyzed 41 wounds that were followed for 4 weeks to evaluate predictive validity. The correlation coefficient total scores of the DFUAS against the BWAT, PUSH, and wound surface area were 0.92, 0.87, and 0.82, respectively. The comparison of the total DFUAS score with chronic wound status was p < 0.001. The predictive validity test indicated that a DFUAS cutoff score of 12 produced the best balance of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (89%, 71%, 86%, and 77%, respectively). In conclusion, the newly developed DFUAS is a valid tool for assessing diabetic foot ulcers.
Detectable Tenofovir Levels in Breast-Feeding Infants of Mothers Exposed to Topical Tenofovir
Authors: Noguchi Lisa M. , Montgomery Elizabeth T. , Biggio Joseph R. , Hendrix Craig W. , Bogen Debra L. , Hillier Sharon L. , Dai James Y. , Piper Jeanna M. , Marzinke Mark A. , Dezzutti Charlene S. , Isaacs S. Karen , Schwartz Jill L. , Watts D. Heather , Beigi Richard H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Lactation studies are necessary evaluations of medications for reproductive-age women. We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, safety, and adherence profiles associated with 7 days of 1% tenofovir (TFV) vaginal gel use during lactation. Tenofovir levels (maternal/infant serum, milk) and anti-HIV activity (milk), adverse events (AEs), and adherence were measured for 17 HIV-1-seronegative breast-feeding mother-infant pairs. Tenofovir use was well-tolerated and detected at low levels in maternal serum, milk, and infant serum but demonstrated no anti-HIV activity in milk.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Synergy of the Oxadiazole Class of Antibacterials with β-Lactams
Authors: Janardhanan Jeshina , Meisel Jayda E. , Ding Derong , Schroeder Valerie A. , Wolter William R. , Mobashery Shahriar , Chang Mayland 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

The oxadiazole antibacterials target the bacterial cell wall and are bactericidal. We investigated the synergism of ND-421 with the commonly used β-lactams and non-β-lactam antibiotics by the checkerboard method and by time-kill assays. ND-421 synergizes well with β-lactam antibiotics, and it also exhibits a long postantibiotic effect (4.7 h). We also evaluated the
in vivo
efficacy of ND-421 in a murine neutropenic thigh infection model alone and in combination with oxacillin. ND-421 has
in vivo
efficacy by itself in a clinically relevant infection model (1.49 log
10
bacterial reduction for ND-321 versus 0.36 log
10
for linezolid with NRS119) and acts synergistically with β-lactam antibiotics
in vitro
and
in vivo
, and the combination of ND-421 with oxacillin is efficacious in a mouse neutropenic thigh methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infection model (1.60 log
10
bacterial reduction). The activity of oxacillin was potentiated in the presence of ND-421, as the strain would have been resistant to oxacillin otherwise.
Interaction of Avibactam with Class B Metallo-β-Lactamases
Authors: Abboud Martine I. , Damblon Christian , Brem Jürgen , Smargiasso Nicolas , Mercuri Paola , Gilbert Bernard , Rydzik Anna M. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Schofield Christopher J. , Frère Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

β-Lactamases are the most important mechanisms of resistance to the β-lactam antibacterials. There are two mechanistic classes of β-lactamases: the serine β-lactamases (SBLs) and the zinc-dependent metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Avibactam, the first clinically useful non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, is a broad-spectrum SBL inhibitor, which is used in combination with a cephalosporin antibiotic (ceftazidime). There are multiple reports on the interaction of avibactam with SBLs but few such studies with MBLs. We report biochemical and biophysical studies on the binding and reactivity of avibactam with representatives from all 3 MBL subfamilies (B1, B2, and B3). Avibactam has only limited or no activity versus MBL-mediated resistance in pathogens. Avibactam does not inhibit MBLs and binds only weakly to most of the MBLs tested; in some cases, avibactam undergoes slow hydrolysis of one of its urea N-CO bonds followed by loss of CO
2
, in a process different from that observed with the SBLs studied. The results suggest that while the evolution of MBLs that more efficiently catalyze avibactam hydrolysis should be anticipated, pursuing the development of dual-action SBL and MBL inhibitors based on the diazabicyclooctane core of avibactam may be productive.