bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Pancreatitis in a Patient with a STAT3 Mutation
Authors: Michaud Chelsea , Peppers Brian , Frith John , Tcheurekdjian Haig , Hostoffer Robert 
Published: April 2016

Background Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent skin infections with abscesses, recurrent pneumonias with pneumatoceles, and immunoglobulin E levels of >10 times the upper limit of normal. Case The patient described herein had a classic case of signal transducer and activator of transcription S (STAT3) deficiency associated with HIES diagnosed several years before this particular presentation. He demonstrated extraimmune manifestations of the disease as well, including characteristic facies and a history of skeletal fractures. In addition, the patient had several distinct episodes of idiopathic pancreatitis for which a full gastrointestinal workup had been performed. STAT3 mutation was confirmed by genotyping at the time of diagnosis of HIES. Conclusions STAT3, a mammalian protein that regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation, has been linked to human pancreatic carcinogenesis as well as the above-mentioned immune deficiency. Mouse studies demonstrated that genetic ablation of STAT3 exacerbates the course of acute pancreatitis, whereas normal pancreatic STAT3 seems to have a protective effect against necrotizing pancreatitis. An association between STAT3 mutations and pancreatitis has not yet been revealed in humans. Here we describe a case of acute pancreatitis that presented in a patient with STAT3 mutation.
Be STARS IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6830
Authors: Yu(俞伯傑) Po-Chieh , Lin(林建爭) Chien-Cheng , Lin(林省文) Hsing-Wen , Lee(李建德) Chien-De , Konidaris Nick , Ngeow(饒兆聰) Chow-Choong , Ip(葉永烜) Wing-Huen , Chen(陳文屏) Wen-Ping , Chen(陳慧真) Hui-Chen , Malkan Matthew A. , Chang(章展誥) Chan-Kao , Laher(良主嶺亞) Russ , Huang(黃立晴) Li-Ching , Cheng(鄭宇棋) Yu-Chi , Edelson Rick , Ritter Andreas , Quimby Robert , Ben-Ami Sagi , Ofek Eran. O. , Surace Jason , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of two new Be stars, and re-identify one known Be star in the open cluster NGC 6830. Eleven Hα emitters were discovered using the Hα imaging photometry of the Palomar Transient Factory Survey. Stellar membership of the candidates was verified with photometric and kinematic information using 2MASS data and proper motions. The spectroscopic confirmation was carried out by using the Shane 3 m telescope at the Lick observatory. Based on their spectral types, three Hα emitters were confirmed as Be stars with Hα equivalent widths greater than −10 Å. Two objects were also observed by the new spectrograph spectral energy distribution-machine (SED-machine) on the Palomar 60-inch Telescope. The SED-machine results show strong Hα emission lines, which are consistent with the results of the Lick observations. The high efficiency of the SED-machine can provide rapid observations for Be stars in a comprehensive survey in the future.
COSMOLOGISTS IN SEARCH OF PLANET NINE: THE CASE FOR CMB EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Cowan Nicolas B. , Holder Gil , Kaib Nathan A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Cosmology experiments at millimeter wavelengths can detect Planet Nine if it is the size of Neptune, has an effective temperature of 40 K, and is 700 au from the Sun. It would appear as a ∼30 mJy source at 1 mm with an annual parallax of ∼5 arcmin. The challenge is to distinguish it from the approximately 4000 foreground asteroids brighter than 30 mJy. Fortunately, these asteroids are known to the Minor Planet Center and can be identified because they move across a resolution element in a matter of hours, orders of magnitude faster than Planet Nine. If Planet Nine is smaller, colder, and/or more distant than expected, then it could be as faint as 1 mJy at 1 mm. There are roughly 106 asteroids this bright and many are unknown, making current cosmology experiments confusion limited for moving sources. Nonetheless, it may still be possible to find the proverbial needle in the haystack using a matched filter. This would require millimeter telescopes with high angular resolution and high sensitivity in order to alleviate confusion and to enable the identification of moving sources with relatively short time baselines. Regardless of its millimeter flux density, searching for Planet Nine would require frequent radio measurements for large swaths of the sky, including the ecliptic and Galactic plane. Even if Planet Nine had already been detected by other means, measuring its millimeter flux would constrain its internal energy budget, and therefore help resolve the mystery of Uranus and Neptune, which have vastly different internal heat.
La tarification de l’eau : comment combiner équité et efficacité
Authors: Leroux Justin 
Published: April 2016

La mission d’un service public consiste à offrir une prestation de qualité de manière pérenne, abordable et équitable. C’est d’autant plus vrai dans le cas des services dits essentiels, notamment l’approvisionnement en eau potable pour les usagers résidentiels. Quelles mesures le Québec peut-il prendre pour combiner équité et efficacité dans la gestion de l’eau ?
Obstacles au travail en équipe : se méfier des conclusions hâtives
Authors: Aubé Caroline , Rousseau Vincent , Auger Claudine 
Published: April 2016

Vous ne savez plus comment inciter les membres de votre équipe à collaborer. Certains cherchent même à faire de l’ombre à leurs collègues en s’attribuant plus que leur part de mérite pour les succès collectifs. Et si cette problématique sous-tendait autre chose que des personnalités individualistes ou narcissiques ? Se pourrait-il que les comportements observés ne soient que la pointe de l’iceberg ?
Immunodominant West Nile Virus T Cell Epitopes Are Fewer in Number and Fashionably Late
Authors: Kaabinejadian Saghar , McMurtrey Curtis P. , Kim Sojung , Jain Rinki , Bardet Wilfried , Schafer Fredda B. , Davenport Jason L. , Martin Aaron D. , Diamond Michael S. , Weidanz Jon A. , Hansen Ted H. , Hildebrand William H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClass I HLA molecules mark infected cells for immune targeting by presenting pathogen-encoded peptides on the cell surface. Characterization of viral peptides unique to infected cells is important for understanding CD8+ T cell responses and for the development of T cell–based immunotherapies. Having previously reported a series of West Nile virus (WNV) epitopes that are naturally presented by HLA-A*02:01, in this study we generated TCR mimic (TCRm) mAbs to three of these peptide/HLA complexes—the immunodominant SVG9 (E protein), the subdominant SLF9 (NS4B protein), and the immunorecessive YTM9 (NS3 protein)—and used these TCRm mAbs to stain WNV-infected cell lines and primary APCs. TCRm staining of WNV-infected cells demonstrated that the immunorecessive YTM9 appeared several hours earlier and at 5- to 10-fold greater density than the more immunogenic SLF9 and SVG9 ligands, respectively. Moreover, staining following inhibition of the TAP demonstrated that all three viral ligands were presented in a TAP-dependent manner despite originating from different cellular compartments. To our knowledge, this study represents the first use of TCRm mAbs to define the kinetics and magnitude of HLA presentation for a series of epitopes encoded by one virus, and the results depict a pattern whereby individual epitopes differ considerably in abundance and availability. The observations that immunodominant ligands can be found at lower levels and at later time points after infection suggest that a reevaluation of the factors that combine to shape T cell reactivity may be warranted.
Age-Related Decline in Natural IgM Function: Diversification and Selection of the B-1a Cell Pool with Age
Authors: Holodick Nichol E. , Vizconde Teresa , Hopkins Thomas J. , Rothstein Thomas L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of pneumonia, which claims the lives of people over the age of 65 y seven times more frequently than those aged 5–49 y. B-1a cells provide immediate and essential protection from S. pneumoniae through production of natural Ig, which has minimal insertion of N-region additions added by the enzyme TdT. In experiments with SCID mice infected with S. pneumoniae, we found passive transfer of IgG-depleted serum from aged (18–24 mo old) mice had no effect whereas IgG-depleted serum from young (3 mo old) mice was protective. This suggests protective natural IgM changes with age. Using single cell PCR we found N-region addition, which is initially low in fetal-derived B-1a cell IgM developing in the absence of TdT, increased in 7- to 24-mo-old mice as compared with 3-mo-old mice. To determine the mechanism responsible for the age related change in B-1a cell IgM, we established a mixed chimera system in which mice were reconstituted with allotype-marked mature peritoneal B-1a cells and adult bone marrow cells. We demonstrated even in the presence of mature peritoneal B-1a cells, adult bone marrow contributed to the mature B-1a cell pool. More importantly, using this system we found over a 10-mo-period peritoneal B-1a cell IgM changed, showing the number of cells lacking N-region additions at both junctions fell from 49 to 29% of sequences. These results strongly suggest selection-induced skewing alters B-1a cell–derived natural Ab, which may in turn be responsible for the loss of natural IgM-mediated protection against pneumococcal infection.
The Complement C3a Receptor Contributes to Melanoma Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting Neutrophil and CD4+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Nabizadeh Jamileh A. , Manthey Helga D. , Steyn Frederik J. , Chen Weiyu , Widiapradja Alexander , Md Akhir Fazrena N. , Boyle Glen M. , Taylor Stephen M. , Woodruff Trent M. , Rolfe Barbara E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The complement peptide C3a is a key component of the innate immune system and a major fragment produced following complement activation. We used a murine model of melanoma (B16-F0) to identify a hitherto unknown role for C3a–C3aR signaling in promoting tumor growth. The results show that the development and growth of B16-F0 melanomas is retarded in mice lacking C3aR, whereas growth of established melanomas can be arrested by C3aR antagonism. Flow cytometric analysis showed alterations in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in the absence of C3aR. Specifically, neutrophils and CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations were increased, whereas macrophages were reduced. The central role of neutrophils was confirmed by depletion experiments that reversed the tumor inhibitory effects observed in C3aR-deficient mice and returned tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells to control levels. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment showed upregulation of inflammatory genes that may contribute to the enhanced antitumor response observed in C3aR-deficient mice. C3aR deficiency/inhibition was also protective in murine models of BRAFV600E mutant melanoma and colon and breast cancer, suggesting a tumor-promoting role for C3aR signaling in a range of tumor types. We propose that C3aR activation alters the tumor inflammatory milieu, thereby promoting tumor growth. Therapeutic inhibition of C3aR may therefore be an effective means to trigger an antitumor response in melanoma and other cancers.
First continuous ground-based observations of long period oscillations in the vertically resolved wind field of the stratosphere and mesosphere
Authors: Rüfenacht Rolf , Hocke Klemens , Kämpfer Niklaus 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Direct measurements of middle-atmospheric wind oscillations with periods between 5 and 50 days in the altitude range between mid-stratosphere (5 hPa) and upper mesosphere (0.02 hPa) have been made using a novel ground-based Doppler wind radiometer. The oscillations were not inferred from tracer measurements, as the radiometer offers the unique capability of near-continuous horizontal wind profile measurements. Observations from four campaigns at high, middle and low latitudes with an average duration of 10 months have been analyzed. The dominant oscillation has mostly been found to lie in the extra-long period range (20–50 days), while the well-known atmospheric normal modes around 5, 10 and 16 days have also been observed. Comparisons of our results with ECMWF operational analysis data revealed remarkably good agreement below 0.3 hPa but discrepancies above.
Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as a soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol
Authors: Krause Ariane , Nehls Thomas , George Eckhard , Kaupenjohann Martin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. On an Andosol in NW Tanzania, we studied the short-term effects of amending standard compost, biogas slurry and CaSa compost (containing biochar and sanitized human excreta) on (i) the soil's physico-chemical properties, on (ii) biomass growth and crop productivity, and on (iii) the plants' nutrient status. The practice-oriented experiment design included the intercropping of seven locally grown crop species planted on 9 m2 plots with five repetitions arranged as a Latin rectangle. Differences in plant growth (biomass production and crop yield, e.g., of Zea mays) and crop nutrition (total C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.) were related to pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), total C and the availability of nutrients (N, P, K, etc.) and water (water retention characteristics, bulk density, etc.) in the soil. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil water availability, so the observed variations in crop yield and plant nutrition are attributed to nutrient availability. Applying CaSa compost increased the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9 and the level of available P from 0.5 to 4.4 mg per kg. Compared to the control, adding biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost increased the aboveground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha−1, compared to only 1.10 t ha−1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa compost was most effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers. Nevertheless, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the cycle can be closed.
Comparison of animal welfare indices in dairy herds based on different sources of data
Authors: Otten ND , Rousing T , Houe H , Thomsen PT , Sørensen JT 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present study seeks to evaluate the potential of a more cost-efficient animal welfare assessment by investigating the association between animal welfare indices (AWI) based on different data sources, namely register data (AWI 1, ie routine registrations, such as treatment, reproduction and abattoir data) and resource data (AWI 2, ie barn design and equipment) validated against animal-based data (AWI 3, ie direct animal observations). AWIs were created based on data from 73 Danish dairy herds. Indices for each information source were created by a weighted linear aggregation of herd level incidence and prevalence of the given indicators. Indicator weights were assigned by expert opinion for each of the AWIs. Linear dependency between the high cost AWI 3 and the two low cost AWI 1 and AWI 2 was investigated. Additionally, different time-periods of 90, 180 and 365 days prior to the actual on-farm collection of AWI 3 measures were evaluated in order to find the most predictive time-period of AWI 1. Predictive key indicators for on-farm animal welfare were investigated in uni- and multivariable analyses. Significant associations were found between the AWI 1 based on incidences 180 days prior to the farm visit and the AWI 3. Predictive key indicators were milk yield, abattoir and mortality data. Predictive models for 180 and 365 days prior to the on-farm assessment consisted of abattoir indicators, while the model 90 days prior included mortality and milk yield. The limited associations between indices and the predictive key indicators and models suggest that these cost-effective welfare assessments are not suitable to stand alone and cannot replace the actual animal welfare assessed by on-farm collection of animal-based measures.
Behavioural differences between weaner pigs with intact and docked tails
Authors: Paoli MA , Lahrmann HP , Jensen T , D’Eath RB 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTail-biting in pigs (Sus scrofa) reduces welfare and production. Tail-docking reduces (but does not eliminate) tail-biting damage. The reason tail-docking reduces tail damage is unknown. It may reduce pigs’ attraction to tails (H1), or increase tails’ sensitivity to investigation (H2). To investigate these hypotheses, behavioural differences between 472 individually marked grower pigs with intact tails (nine groups of 25-34 pigs) or docked tails (nine groups of 22-24 pigs) were observed from 5-8 weeks of age on a commercial farm in Denmark. Pens had part-slatted floors, dry feeding and two handfuls of straw per day, and enrichment objects were provided. Behavioural sampling recorded actor and recipient for tail-directed (tail interest, tail in mouth, tail reaction) and investigatory behaviours (belly-nosing, ear-chewing, interaction with enrichment). Scan sampling recorded pig posture/activity and tail posture. Intact-tail pigs performed more overall investigatory behaviours but tail type did not affect the amount of tail-directed behaviours. Larger pigs performed more investigatory and tail-directed behaviours than smaller pigs and females performed slightly more tail investigation. Tail-directed behaviours were not consistent over time at the individual or group level. However, ear-chewing was consistent at the group level. One group with intact tails was affected by a tail-biting outbreak in the final week of the study (evidenced by tail-damage scores) and showed an increase over time in tail posture (tail down) and tail-directed behaviour but not activity. Overall, there were few behavioural differences between docked and undocked pigs: no evidence of reduced tail investigation (H1) or an increased reaction to tail investigation (H2) in docked pigs, and yet docked pigs had less tail damage. We propose that docking might be effective because longer tails are more easily damaged as pigs are able to bite them with their cheek teeth.
Great Houses, Shrines, and High Places: Intervisibility in the Chacoan World
Authors: Van Dyke Ruth M. , Bocinsky R. Kyle , Windes Thomas C. , Robinson Tucker J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhenomenological archaeologists and GIS scholars have turned much attention to visibility—who can see whom, and what can be seen—across ancient landscapes. Visible connections can be relatively easy to identify, but they present challenges to interpretation. Ancient peoples created intervisible connections among sites for purposes that included surveillance, defense, symbolism, shared identity, and communication. In the American Southwest, many high places are intervisible by virtue of the elevated topography and the open skies. The Chaco phenomenon, centered in northwestern New Mexico between A.D. 850 and 1140, presents an ideal situation for visibility research. In this study, we use GIS-generated viewsheds and viewnets to investigate intervisible connections among great houses, shrines, and related features across the Chacoan landscape. We demonstrate that a Chacoan shrine network, likely established during the mid-eleventh century, facilitated intervisibility between outlier communities and Chaco Canyon. It is most likely that the Chacoans created this network to enable meaningful connections for communication and identity. We conclude that the boundaries of the Chaco phenomenon are defined in some sense by intervisibility.
In Surplus and in Scarcity: Agricultural Development, Risk Management, and Political Economy on ofu Island, American Samoa
Authors: Quintus Seth , Allen Melinda s. , Ladefoged Thegn N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMuch attention has been paid to the role of increased food production in the development of social complexity. However, increased food production is only one kind of agricultural process, and some changes in agronomic practices were geared toward stabilizing production or counteracting periodic shortfalls. The intersection between these latter strategies and sociopolitical development are poorly understood, while the long-term value of risk management strategies is often hypothesized but empirically not well demonstrated. We address these issues using recent archaeological data from the Samoan Archipelago, Polynesia. We investigate variability in, and the development of, one type of agricultural infrastructure: ditch- and-parcel complexes. In the context of Samoa’s high-volume rainfall, recurrent cyclones, and steep topography, these novel risk management facilities offered production stability and, by extension, long-term selective benefits to both emergent elites and the general populace. Their effectiveness against known hazards is demonstrated by hydrologicai modeling, while their long-term success is indicated by increased distribution and size over time. Additionally, based on their morphologies, funetional properties, chronology, and spatial patterning, we argue that this infrastructure could have been effectively used by emergent elites to gain political advantage, particularly in conjunction with environmental perturbations that created production bottlenecks or shortfalls.
The Timing of Precolumbian Militarization in the U.S. Midwest and Southeast
Authors: Krus Anthony M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBayesian chronological modeling is used to investigate the chronology of bastioned palisades during the precolumbian period in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. Nine precolumbian settlements in the Midwest and Southeast with bastioned palisades have been subject to scientific dating (Angel Mounds, Annis Village, Aztalan, Cahokia Mounds, Etowah, Kincaid Mounds, Jonathan Creek, Moundville, and Southwind). Complete radiocarbon datasets from these sites are presented within an interpretative Bayesian statistical framework. The results provide a glimpse into the history of Mississippi period (A.D. 1000–1700) fortifications with bastions and indicate that the analyzed fortifications were built and maintained predominantly in A.D. 1200–1400. This finding suggests a greater institutionalized role for defense and warfare in post-A.D. 1200 Mississippian societies. Additionally, modeling results further indicate that the investigated Mississippian centers continued to maintain fortifications for generations after their construction.
Effect of surface pretreatment of r-plane sapphire substrates on the crystal quality of a-plane AlN
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Yasui Daiki , Tamaki Shinya , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Single-crystal a-plane AlN

films were grown on r-plane sapphire

substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). We performed the optimization of thermal cleaning and nitridation conditions for r-plane sapphire substrates, and investigated the effect of ammonia (NH3) preflow on the crystallinity of a-plane AlN. An r-plane sapphire substrate with uniformly straight atomic steps was formed at 1000 °C, and NH3 preflow was subsequently supplied. The growth mode of a-plane AlN was promoted to be three-dimensional (3D) growth by the nitridation of r-plane sapphire substrates, and sizes of 3D islands were modified by changing the NH3 preflow time. The crystallinity of a-plane AlN films was improved by varying the NH3 preflow time from 30 to 90 s. The optimum crystal quality of a-plane AlN films was obtained with NH3 preflow for 30 s.