bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION BETWEEN LOAD AND PATELLAR TENDON STRUCTURE DURING PRESEASON IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Rabello Lucas Maciel , Ijtsma Ruth , Zwerver Johannes , Brink Michel S 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPatellar tendinopathy is a common overuse injury in jumping sports, with higher prevalence in volleyball players. Different risk factors are associated with patellar tendon problems, including training load. Despite different treatment options, rates of chronicity and recurrence are high. Therefore, the high prevalence and the challenging treatment underlines the importance of prevention.ObjectiveInvestigate the relation between tendon load and the response of patellar tendon structure of volleyball players.DesignObservational prospective study.SettingThe study was performed with elite volleyball players during the preseason.Patients (or Participants)A total of 17 elite male volleyball players from Dutch volleyball league.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Training load, including jump frequency and Rating or Perceived Exertion (RPE), were measured every training and match during 7 weeks.Main Outcome MeasurementsTendon structure was measured using the Ultrasound Tissue Characterization (UTC), which quantifies the structure of the tendon (percentages of four echo-types).ResultsOn average, players spent 624±215 minutes on training and matches per week with a RPE of 13.9±2.1 indicating 'somewhat hard' intensity. Jump frequency was 278±122 per week. Higher load parameters (volume, intensity and load) resulted all in a higher decrease of echo-type I (p<0.05). Higher volume and load resulted in a higher decrease of echo-type II (p<0.05). Higher cumulative weekly volume and cumulative weekly loads between the first and the last UTC were related to significant higher decreases in echo-type I (p<0.05), but not related for echo-type II. No significant relations were found for jump frequency. None of the load parameters were related to echo-type III and IV.ConclusionsThe present study showed that load was related to changes in echo-types over a 7 week preseason in elite volleyball players. A higher amount of load was related to greater echo pattern changes.
THE EFFECT OF BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE ON CONTACT MECHANISMS IN 13 AND 14 YEAR OLD YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS
Authors: Martinez German , Janzen Leticia , Krolikowski Maciej , Romanow Nicole , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Goulet Claude , Nadeau Luc , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundA 2015, Hockey Calgary body checking (BC) policy change disallowed BC from non-elite Bantam (ages 13–14, lower 60% of divisions). This was informed by evidence that disallowing BC in Pee Wee (ages 11–12) reduced the risk of injury, specifically concussion, by >3-fold.ObjectiveTo compare the frequency of type and intensity of player-to-player contacts (PC) and head contact in non-elite Bantam ice hockey games in leagues allowing BC (2014–15) compared with leagues disallowing BC (2015–16).DesignCohort study.SettingIce-hockey arenas in Calgary, Canada.ParticipantsNon-elite Bantam players in 2014–15 (n=348 players) and 2015–16 (n=309 players) seasons.InterventionsIn the 2014–15 season, non-elite Bantam leagues allowed BC. In 2015–2016, BC was disallowed.Main Outcome MeasurementsThirteen games pre-policy change (2014–2015) and 13 post-policy change were video recorded. Analysis using validated methodology was used to compare the frequency, type (i.e., trunk, head and other types of PC with limb/head/stick), and intensity (trunk contacts level 1–5 with increasing intensity) of PCs. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression (controlling for cluster by team, offset by player minutes).ResultsThere were a total of 3485 trunk contacts and 1395 other contacts in 26 games. The overall risk of trunk PCs was lower post-policy change (IRR=0.50, 95% CI; 0.45–0.56). Post-policy change, high intensity (body checking - level 4,5) contacts decreased (IRR4=0.19, 95% CI; 0.13–0.26 IRR5=0.11, 95% CI; 0.03–0.51), lower intensity (level 2,3) PCs were less frequent (IRR2=0.45, 95% CI; 0.40–0.50 and IRR3=0.47, 95% CI; 0.35–0.63), and other contacts made with the limb/stick also decreased (IRR=0.60, 95% CI; 0.48–0.73). Head contact decreased (IRR=0.40, 95% CI; 0.25–0.61).ConclusionsPost-policy change disallowing BC in non-elite Bantam, incidence of high intensity (level 4,5) PCs decreased 82%. Head contact decreased 60% and stick/limbs contact decreased 40%. These findings inform the mechanisms of injury explaining concussion risk reduction post-BC policy change.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 3-T MRI FINDINGS, BONY MORPHOLOGY, AND HIP PAIN AND FUNCTION IN PROFESSIONAL BALLET DANCERS AND NON-DANCING ATHLETES
Authors: Mayes Susan , Smith Peter , Ferris April-Rose , Cook Jill 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBallet loads the hip joint in extreme ranges of movement (ROM). Abnormal bony morphology and joint laxity may enable this movement, but predispose dancers to hip injury.ObjectiveTo compare hip injury and bony morphology between ballet dancers and non-dancing athletes, and to investigate relationships between these factors and clinical features.DesignBlinded, case-control study.Participants49 professional ballet dancers and 49 age- and sex-matched non-dancing athletes.SettingProfessional ballet company and sporting clubs.Assessment of Risk FactorsLateral centre edge angles, anterior and superior alpha angles, femoral neck-shaft angles and acetabular version angles measured with 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3-T MRI), ROM and hypermobility testing.Main Outcome MeasurementsCartilage, labral, ligamentum teres (LT) lesions and effusion scored on MRI, and HAGOS (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score).ResultsCartilage defect and labral tear prevalence was similar in dancers and athletes (p>0.05); LT tears were more prevalent in dancers compared to athletes (p=0.001). Dancers had higher neck-shaft angles (p=0.002); lower acetabular version angles (p=0.003); lower superior alpha angles (p<0.001); similar anterior alpha angles (p=0.2); and similar lateral acetabular coverage (p=0.07), compared to athletes. There was no significant association between the morphological parameters and cartilage, labral, LT injury or effusion (p>0.01 for all). All 6 dancers with cam morphology (α angle >50°) measured anteriorly had cartilage defects, and 5 had labral tears; a trend not observed in athletes. Joint effusions were larger in dancers compared to athletes (p=0.009), and the only factor related to lower HAGOS pain and sports/recreation scores in female dancers (p=0.001 for both).ConclusionsProfessional ballet dancers had a high incidence of LT tear, and hip bony morphology that may allow extreme motion. Dancers with cam morphology had cartilage defects, but joint effusion was the only correlate with symptoms. Longitudinal studies are required to determine the clinical sequelae.
USING NATIONAL CORONIAL DATA TO IDENTIFY PRIORITIES FOR PREVENTING DEATH IN SPORT/RECREATION
Authors: McIntosh Andrew , Fortington Lauren , Patton Declan , Finch Caroline 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDeaths relating to sport/recreation are thought to be rare. However, in Australia, a lack of published data has limited our understanding of the number of deaths in different sports and settings.ObjectiveTo gain a first understanding of the number/cause of deaths across different sports/recreation activities in Australia.DesignA case-series analysis was undertaken using the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) in Australia.SettingAll sport and physical recreation activities in Australia as coded in the NCIS, including recreational and professional participants.PatientsCases are ‘closed’ NCIS cases of all ages who died in the period 2000 to 2016 as a result of participating in sport and physical recreation. Cases were selected from NCIS activity level one categories – Sport and Exercise During Leisure Time, Education, Leisure or Play and Paid Work.InterventionsNone.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe number of deaths by sport/recreation activity and associated demographic data (e.g. sex, age). The cause, mechanism of injury and contributing factors are explored.Results5060 cases were included. The three most frequent activities were “Individual water sports” (42%), “Individual athletic activities” (9%) and “wheeled non-motor sports” (7%). Combined, team bat/stick and team ball sports contributed 7% of cases. Males accounted for 88% of cases. The proportion of deaths by age increased from 4% in 5–14 year olds, peaked at 19% in 45–54 year olds, before declining. The most common causes were identified as cardiac-related (39%), drowning (34%) and blunt force trauma (19%.)ConclusionsThere is demonstrable evidence from other injury settings for data to inform safety measures that can prevent fatalities. These results provide a first understanding of the people/activities most often impacted by death in different sports settings across Australia. With this information, leading activity contexts and causes will be explored to identify common mechanisms and potential prevention priorities and strategies.
EXTREME SPORTS, EXTREME RISKS. FATALITIES IN EXTREME SPORTS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: McIntosh Andrew , Fortington Lauren , Patton Declan , Finch Caroline 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundExtreme sports are popular and include motorised and non-motorised vehicle sports, e.g. motocross, mountain biking and water skiing, as well as non-vehicle sports, e.g. rock climbing. The causes of death, contributing factors and potential to prevent deaths in extreme sports are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo understand the causes of death and contributing factors in extreme sports in Australia.DesignA case-series analysis was undertaken using the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) in Australia.SettingExtreme sports, including recreational and professional participants.PatientsCases are ‘closed’ NCIS fatal cases aged 15 to 64 years who died in the period 2000 to 2016 while participating in an extreme sport.InterventionsNone.Main Outcome MeasurementsTheses include the cause of death, mechanism of injury, contributing factors, demographic data, case narratives, and sport participation.ResultsUsing a narrow definition of extreme sports (i.e. including sports such as kayaking, paragliding, rock climbing, snow sports and mountain biking) there were 693 deaths. Using a broader definition of extreme sports, e.g. including sports such as diving, horse racing, motor racing and quad bike use, there were 995 deaths during the same period. Approximately 88% of cases in either analysis (broad or narrow) were males, with age distributed relatively evenly from 15 to 54 years. The largest two broad sports categories were individual water sports (including surfing/boogie board 120/693) and wheeled motor sports (including motorcycling 192/693), combined accounting for over half of all cases in either analysis. There were over 50 deaths in skydiving/paragliding/parasailing. Blunt force trauma was the main cause of death, 65% of 693, followed by drowning 20% and cardiac 11%.ConclusionsThe potential for preventing a proportion of blunt force trauma and drowning deaths through controls, such as event planning, individual preparation and equipment, will be examined based on the case narratives.
DEATHS IN ORGANISED SPORTS IN AUSTRALIA: A CASE SERIES REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL CORONIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: McIntosh Andrew , Fortington Lauren , Patton Declan , Finch Caroline 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOrganised sports include individual water sports and athletic activities, team ball sports, team bat/stick sports and racquet sports. The causes of death, contributing factors and potential to prevent deaths in organised sports are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo understand the causes of death and contributing factors in organised sports in Australia.DesignA case-series analysis was undertaken using the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) in Australia.SettingOrganised sports, including recreational and professional participants.PatientsCases are ‘closed’ NCIS fatal cases aged 15 to 74 years who died in the period 2000 to 2016 as a result of participating in an organised sport.InterventionsNo interventions were assessed.Main Outcome MeasurementsThese include the cause of death, mechanism of injury, contributing factors, demographic data, and sport participation.ResultsThere were 913 deaths in organised sports, with 89% being male. The largest group was 45–54 year olds (23%) and the smallest was 65 to 74 year olds (15%). The three sports groups accounting for the highest proportion of deaths were team ball sports (23%), wheeled motor sports (12%) and individual water sports (11%). Within team ball sports there were 98 deaths in organised football (Australian Rules, Rugby Union and Rugby League). Overall, the cause of death was cardiac, e.g. congestive cardiac failure and acute coronary syndrome, in 56% of cases, blunt force trauma in 29% and drowning in 7%. Cardiac deaths increased with age while blunt force trauma deaths reduced with age.ConclusionsThere are age related differences in sport participation at time of death and cause of death that need consideration in planning for life long active participation in organised sport. Organised sports are governed by organisations with responsibility for setting player safety standards – informing these organisations of risks is critical for injury prevention, medical emergency policy and planning.
PREVALENCE OF PATELLAR TENDON PAIN HISTORY IN BRAZILIAN VOLLEYBALL AND BASKETBALL ATHLETES
Authors: Mendonça Luciana , Bittencourt Natália , Ocarino Juliana , Fonseca Sérgio 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPatellar tendinopathy is a clinically identified overload injury associated to jumping activities. The symptoms may last for years, affect sports participation and even lead to the end of a sport career. Therefore, is necessary to understand the profile of injury/complain in a sports team in order to plan preventive strategies.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of patellar tendon pain history in Brazilian volleyball and basketball athletes.DesignCross-sectional.SettingSports Science Laboratory in the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.Patients (or Participants)One-hundred and ninety and one volleyball and basketball athletes with a mean age of 18.29 (+4.9) years, body mass of 76.50 (+13.8) kilograms and height of 1.85 (0,11) meters participated in this study.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The athletes were questioned by the examiner about patellar tendon pain history related to sports practice. If the athlete had history of other knee complains (as patellofemoral pain and bursitis) and/or Osgood-Schlatter, he/she was excluded.Main Outcome MeasurementsHistory of pain, in the last 6 months, localized at the patellar tendon, which compromised the sports participation and/or sports performance.ResultsThe prevalence of patellar tendon pain history was 22.5% (n=43) in the athletes participating in this study. Fifteen were female and 28 male, 25 were juvenile and 18 adult and 34 practiced volleyball and 9 basketball. Ten athletes reported patellar tendon pain in left lower limb, 14 in right lower limb and 19 bilaterally. Therefore, 147 athletes did not had patellar tendon pain history in the last 6 months.ConclusionsThe prevalence of patellar tendon pain history in this study was 22.5%. The major occurrence was bilateral pain history and the results suggest that male volleyball athletes had higher prevalence.
CATASTROPHIC INJURY INCIDENCE RATES IN SOUTH AFRICAN RUGBY UNION: ARE THERE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES?
Authors: Badenhorst Marelise , Verhagen Evert , van Mechelen Willem , Lambert Mike , Viljoen Wayne , Readhead Clint , Baerecke Gail , Brown James 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSouth Africa has 14 Provincial Rugby regions ('Unions'). Although rugby-related catastrophic injuries have been reported at 2.0 per 100 000 players per year, the comparative risk between each of these SA Unions has not yet been quantified. Understanding the difference in injury risk between Unions is important for potential intervention modifications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the catastrophic injury incidence rates between the 14 SA Unions.DesignA prospective, population-based study was conducted across all SA Unions between 2008–2014.SettingThe number of verified players (males and females; under-seven age group to adult; amateur and professional) in each Union was obtained from SA Rugby's 2013 Census.Patients (or Participants)Catastrophic injuries were analysed using BokSmart's serious injury database.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Union-specific injury incidence rates with 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated. Catastrophic injuries (Acute Spinal Cord Injuries (ASCI) and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)) within Unions were compared statistically using a Poisson regression with Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) and a 95% level of confidence (p<0.05).ResultsCatastrophic injury incidence rates per Union ranged from 1.8 per 100 000 players (95% CI: 0.0 to 6.5) to 7.9 (95%CI: 0.0 to 28.5). The Union with the highest incidence rate of permanent outcome ASCIs was reported at 7.1 per 100 000 players (95% CI: 0.0 to 17.6). Compared to this Union, five (n=5/14, 36%) of the Unions had significantly lower injury incidence rates of ASCI.ConclusionsRegional differences in catastrophic injury incidence rates exist in SA and interventions should be tailored accordingly. Future studies should investigate the underlying reasons contributing to these regional differences.
ECCENTRIC KNEE FLEXOR STRENGTH AND HAMSTRING INJURY RISK IN ATHLETES WITH HISTORY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Messer Daniel , Bourne Matthew , Timmins Ryan , Opar David , Williams Morgan , Shield Anthony 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are the most common cause of time loss from training and competition in elite football. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are also prevalent and typically require surgery from hamstring grafts, which often results in chronic deficits in eccentric knee flexor strength, a known risk factor for HSI.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the effect of prior ACL reconstruction (ACLR) on 1) eccentric knee flexor strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and; 2) the risk of future HSI. We hypothesised that athletes with a prior ACLR would display 1) lower levels of eccentric knee flexor strength than athletes without such history and; 2) an increased risk of future HSI.DesignProspective study.SettingSecondary analysis of 3 studies previously completed in Australian sport.Patients (or Participants)541 elite to sub-elite male footballers had their eccentric knee flexor strength assessed using the NHE. Reports of HSIs and any history of ACL injuries were obtained. All participants were categorized into injury history groups.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Injury history, eccentric strength.Main Outcome MeasurementsProspective HSI occurrence.ResultsAthletes with history of ACLR were 39N (95% CI, 14.2–67.1; P<0.005) weaker in the injured limb compared to the contralateral limb. Athletes with history of ACLR had a 3.18-fold (95% CI, 1.9–5.2; P<0.001) greater risk of subsequent HSI than athletes without such history and was augmented to 5.69 (95% CI, 3.2–9.5; P<0.001) if they had suffered HSI in the previous 12 months.ConclusionsACLR injured limbs are significantly weaker than uninjured limbs. Athletes with prior ACLR are significantly more likely to suffer future HSI, particularly if they have a recent history of HSI. This is the first adequately powered study to have assessed the effect of prior ACLR on future HSI risk.
EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL PERTURBATION ON NEUROMUSCULAR TRUNK ACTIVATION PATTERN DURING CORE-SPECIFIC SENSORIMOTOR EXERCISE
Authors: Mueller Juliane , Baritello Omar , Stoll Josefine , Mueller Steffen , Mayer Frank 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSensorimotor exercises (SE) are evident to enhance neuromuscular activity of the trunk muscles (TM). However, it is unclear if an additional unexpected perturbation leads to higher muscular activity and therefore enhances training efficacy.ObjectiveTo analyse effects of additional unexpected perturbations on trunk neuromuscular activation pattern during SE.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingUniversity Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine Centre.ParticipantsTen healthy, normal active participants (5 m/5 f; 29±2 yrs; 177±7 cm, 74±12 kg) were included.Assessment of Risk FactorsAll participants were prepared with a bilateral 12-lead trunk EMG (Mm. rectus abdominis (RA), external obliquus (EO), internal obliquus (IO), latissimus dorsi (LD), thoracic (UES) and lumbar erector spinae (LES)). Warm-up on an isokinetic dynamometer (extension/flexion; 30 rep; 60°sec) was followed by maximum voluntary isometric contraction measurements (MVC, 5 sec). Next, a (right-armed) side plank on stable surface (SP; 30 sec) and 2 different instable conditions were randomly assigned (SP plus pad under the elbow (SPP), SPP plus perturbation (SPP+P)).Main Outcome MeasurementsRoot mean square (RMS) normalized to MVC (%MVC) was calculated during the whole exercise. Muscles were grouped to ventral right/left (VR;VL=mean of RA, IO, EO), and dorsal right/left (DR;DL=mean of LD, UES, LES). Differences between conditions were calculated for muscle groups, Ventral:Dorsal (V:D) and Side-Right/Side-Left ratio (SR;SL) (repeated-measures ANOVA; α=0.05).ResultsSPP+P showed highest EMG-RMS (e.g,VR: 81±9%; DR: 55±12%) for all muscle groups except DL with significant differences (p<0.05) between conditions SP and SPP+P in VR, VL and DR muscle groups. No differences were found between SPP (e.g.,VR: 71±11%) and SPP+P (e.g.,VR: 81±9%)(p>0.05). Statistically significant higher V:D ratios was found in SPP+P compared to SP (p<0.05). SR:SLratio did not show any differences (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe use of additional perturbations during core stability training is superior to enhance trunk neuromuscular activity and should be implemented into sensorimotor exercises addressing the trunk.