bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular RNAs Are Associated With Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Phenotypes
Authors: Shah Ravi , Murthy Venkatesh , Pacold Michael , Danielson Kirsty , Tanriverdi Kahraman , Larson Martin G. , Hanspers Kristina , Pico Alexander , Mick Eric , Reis Jared , de Ferranti Sarah , Freinkman Elizaveta , Levy Daniel , Hoffmann Udo , Osganian Stavroula , Das Saumya , Freedman Jane E. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE
Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of obesity and metabolic disease. Circulating extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs), stable RNA molecules in plasma, may play a role in IR, though most studies on ex-RNAs in IR are small. We sought to characterize the relationship between ex-RNAs and metabolic phenotypes in a large community-based human cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured circulating plasma ex-RNAs in 2,317 participants without diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort at cycle 8 and defined associations between ex-RNAs and IR (measured by circulating insulin level). We measured association between candidate ex-RNAs and markers of adiposity. Sensitivity analyses included individuals with diabetes. In a separate cohort of 90 overweight/obese youth, we measured selected ex-RNAs and metabolites. Biology of candidate microRNAs was investigated in silico.

RESULTS
The mean age of FHS participants was 65.8 years (56% female), with average BMI 27.7 kg/m2; participants in the youth cohort had a mean age of 15.5 years (60% female), with mean BMI 33.8 kg/m2. In age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted models across 391 ex-RNAs in FHS, 18 ex-RNAs were associated with IR (of which 16 were microRNAs). miR-122 was associated with IR and regional adiposity in adults and IR in children (independent of metabolites). Pathway analysis revealed metabolic regulatory roles for miR-122, including regulation of IR pathways (AMPK, target of rapamycin signaling, and mitogen-activated protein kinase).

CONCLUSIONS
These results provide translational evidence in support of an important role of ex-RNAs as novel circulating factors implicated in IR.
A biomimética como método criativo para o projeto de produto
Authors: Detanico Flora Bittencourt , Teixeira Fábio Gonçalves , Koltermann da Silva Tânia Luísa 
Published: February 2017

É possível inferir o vasto campo de investigação do conhecimento existente na natureza. O presente trabalho delimita-se quanto ao uso da biomimética como ferramenta para a geração de alternativas, durante a fase de projeto conceitual. Foi realizada a identificação de alguns princípios de solução da natureza, matemáticos/geométricos e/ou funcionais, que possam ser devidamente reconhecidos através dos padrões existentes, visando sua aplicabilidade no desenvolvimento de produtos.
Como fundamentação teórica necessária para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, há dois principais focos de pesquisa. O primeiro deles está relacionado à metodologia de projeto de produto, mais precisamente à fase conceitual, na qual ocorre o processo criativo ou a geração de soluções alternativas. O segundo ponto abordado se refere ao biomimetismo e ao conhecimento dos princípios de solução da natureza como um todo, contemplando simultaneamente seus padrões geométricos, matemáticos e funcionais.
Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para ensino de costura: um estudo fundado nas concepções intersubjetivas do conhecimento
Authors: Guimarães Elisangela Manarim , Morgenstern Elenir Carmem 
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo, resultado de pesquisa de Mestrado Profissional em Design/UNIVILLE, apresenta possibilidades de ampliação do ensino de costura, por intermédio de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA), conjeturando acesso ao aprendizado de costura à estudantes do Curso Técnico de Produção e Design de Moda do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina (IFSC) do Campus Jaraguá do Sul (SC). A relevância da pesquisa encontra-se na observação da carência de profissionais no setor de confecção, mais especificamente da costura, na falta de qualificação desses profissionais e no desinteresse por essa atividade. Entende-se que, mediante o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma de ensino a distância (EAD), os estudantes não necessitarão exclusivamente posicionar-se perante uma máquina para aprender técnicas e processos da costura, pois terão acesso, por meio de propostas interativas, a um conhecimento coletivo, possibilitado pelo ciberespaço, formador de uma inteligência coletiva. Focalizando as concepções intersubjetivas do conhecimento, trazendo como base teórica a hermenêutica e a dialética, apresentam-se, neste artigo, possibilidades intersubjetivas para a aprendizagem de costura a distância por meio do desenvolvimento de AVA que congregará games de costura, nos quais simular-se-ão montagem de partes de peças do vestuário. O jogo, configurado a partir de diretrizes resultantes de investigação teórica, intenta ampliar possibilidades de acesso a saberes relacionados a questões técnicas de costura, por intermédio de processos intersubjetivos de aprendizagem.
Programmable shunt valve interactions with osseointegrated hearing devices
Authors: Pierson Matthew J. , Wehrmann Daniel , Albers J. Andrew , El Tecle Najib E. , Costa Dary , Elbabaa Samer K. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE
Patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts with programmable valves who would benefit from osseointegrated hearing devices (OIHDs) represent a unique population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnetic field strengths of 4 OIHDs and their interactions with 5 programmable VP shunt valves.

METHODS
Magnetic field strength was measured as a function of distance for each hearing device (Cochlear Baha 5, Cochlear Baha BP110, Oticon Ponto Plus Power, and Medtronic Sophono) in the following modes: inactive, active in quiet, and active in 60 decibels of background noise in the sound booth. The hearing devices were introduced to each shunt valve (Aesculap proGAV, Aesculap proGAV 2.0, Codman Hakim, Codman Certas, and Medtronic Strata II) also as a function of distance in these identical 3 settings. Each trial was repeated 5 times. Between each trial, the valves were assessed for a change in setting. Finally, using a skull model, the devices were introduced to each other in standard anatomical locations and the valves were assessed for a change in settings.

RESULTS
The maximum magnetic field strengths generated by the Cochlear Baha 5, BP110, and Oticon OIHDs were 1.1, 36.2, and 48.7 gauss (G), respectively. The maximum strength generated by the Sophono device was > 800 G. The magnetic field strength of the hearing devices decreased markedly with increasing distance from the device. The strength of the Sophono's magnetic attachment decreased to 34.8 G at 5 mm. The Codman Hakim, Codman Certas, and Medtronic Strata II valve settings changed when rotating the valves next to the Sophono abutment. No other changes in valve settings occurred in the distance or anatomical models for any other trials.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study evaluating the interaction between OIHDs and programmable VP shunt valves. The findings suggest that it is safe to use these devices together without having to switch to a nonprogrammable valve or move the shunt valve to a more distant location. Still, care should be taken if the Sophono device is used to ensure that the valve is ≥ 5 mm away from the magnetic attachment.
Techniques and outcomes of microsurgical management of ruptured and unruptured fusiform cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Safavi-Abbasi Sam , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Frock Ben , Sun Hai , Yagmurlu Kaan , Moron Felix , Snyder Laura A. , Hlubek Randy J. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEFusiform cerebral aneurysms represent a small portion of intracranial aneurysms; differ in natural history, anatomy, and pathology; and can be difficult to treat compared with saccular aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to examine the techniques of treatment of ruptured and unruptured fusiform intracranial aneurysms and patient outcomes.METHODSIn 45 patients with fusiform aneurysms, the authors retrospectively reviewed the presentation, location, and shape of the aneurysm; the microsurgical technique; the outcome at discharge and last follow-up; and the change in the aneurysm at last angiographic follow-up.RESULTSOverall, 48 fusiform aneurysms were treated in 45 patients (18 male, 27 female) with a mean age of 49 years (median 51 years; range 6 months–76 years). Twelve patients (27%) had ruptured aneurysms and 33 (73%) had unruptured aneurysms. The mean aneurysm size was 8.9 mm (range 6–28 mm). The aneurysms were treated by clip reconstruction (n = 22 [46%]), clip-wrapping (n = 18 [38%]), and vascular bypass (n = 8 [17%]). The mean (SD) hospital stay was 19.0 ± 7.4 days for the 12 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 7.0 ± 5.6 days for the 33 patients with unruptured aneurysms. The mean follow-up was 38.7 ± 29.5 months (median 36 months; range 6–96 months). The mean Glasgow Outcome Scale score for the 12 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage was 3.9; for the 33 patients with unruptured aneurysms, it was 4.8. No rehemorrhages occurred during follow-up. The overall annual risk of recurrence was 2% and that of rehemorrhage was 0%.CONCLUSIONSFusiform and dolichoectatic aneurysms involving the entire vessel wall must be investigated individually. Although some of these aneurysms may be amenable to primary clipping and clip reconstruction, these complex lesions often require alternative microsurgical and endovascular treatment. These techniques can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and with low rates of early rebleeding and recurrence.
Association of Central Arterial Stiffness and Pressure Pulsatility with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study-Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)
Authors: Meyer Michelle L. , Palta Priya , Tanaka Hirofumi , Deal Jennifer A. , Wright Jacqueline , Knopman David S. , Griswold Michael E. , Mosley Thomas H. , Heiss Gerardo 
Published: February 2017

Background: The association of central arterial stiffness and pressure pulsatility with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is not well characterized in the population-based setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the cross-sectional association of arterial stiffness and pressure pulsatility with MCI and dementia among 4,461 older white and black adults from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study-Neurocognitive Study. Methods: We used race-stratified multinomial logistic regression to evaluate associations of percentile cut points of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central systolic blood pressure, central pulse pressure, and pulse pressure amplification with MCI and dementia versus no cognitive impairment. Results: Among whites, those with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or central systolic blood pressure ≥75th percentile had a higher prevalence of MCI compared to participants <75th percentile (conditional odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27 (1.02, 1.56) and 1.28 (1.04, 1.57), respectively) and those with central pulse pressure ≥75th percentile had a higher prevalence of MCI (OR 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.58)) and dementia (OR 1.76 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.92) compared to participants <75th percentile. Also among whites, those with pulse pressure amplification ≤25th percentile had a higher prevalence of dementia compared to participants >25th percentile (OR 1.65; (95% CI: 1.01, 2.70). Weaker associations were seen among black participants. Conclusion: Higher arterial stiffness and pulsatility were associated with MCI and dementia in white participants. Longitudinal characterization of the observed associations is warranted to assess whether arterial stiffness and pressure pulsatility predict MCI and dementia among older adults.
Differential Regional Distribution of Juxtacortical White Matter Signal Abnormalities in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lindemer Emily R. , Greve Douglas N. , Fischl Bruce , Augustinack Jean C. , Salat David H. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2017

Background: White matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) (also known as ‘hyperintensities’) on MRI are commonly seen in normal aging and increases have been noted in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but whether there is a spatial specificity to these increases is unknown. Objective: To discern whether or not there is a spatial pattern of WMSA in the brains of individuals with AD that differs from those who exhibit cognitively healthy aging. Method: Structural MRI data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative public database were used to quantify WMSA in 35 regions of interest (ROIs). Regional measures were compared between cognitively healthy older controls (OC; n = 107) and individuals with a clinical diagnosis of AD ( n = 127). Regional WMSA volume was also assessed in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 74) who were 6, 12, and 24 months away from AD conversion. Results: WMSA volume was significantly greater in AD compared to OC in 24 out of 35 ROIs after controlling for age, and nine were significantly higher after normalizing for total WMSA. Regions with greater WMSA volume in AD included rostral frontal, inferior temporal, and inferior parietal WM. In MCI, frontal and temporal regions demonstrated significantly greater WMSA volume with decreasing time-to-AD-conversion. Discussion: Individuals with AD have greater regional volume of WMSA compared to OC regardless of age or total WMSA volume. Accumulation of regional WMSA is linked to time to AD conversion in individuals with MCI. These findings indicate WMSA is an important pathological component of AD development.
Gene Expression and Methylation Analysis of ABCA7 in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Yoshino Yuta , Mori Takaaki , Yoshida Taku , Ozaki Yuki , Sao Tomoko , Mori Yoko , Ochi Shinichiro , Iga Jun-ichi , Ueno Shu-ichi 
Published: February 2017

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the blood gene expression and methylation of ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 7 gene (ABCA7) as a biological marker of AD. Methods: AD subjects ( n = 50; 11 males, 77.7±6.05 years old) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls ( n = 50) were recruited. A single nucleotide polymorphism in ABCA7 (rs3764650), methylation rates of CpG sites in the ABCA7 promoter region, and ABCA7 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood were examined. Results: The distribution of the rs3764650 polymorphism in AD subjects was not different from that of controls. Although the methylation rates of AD subjects were not significantly different from those of controls, the ABCA7 mRNA expression level in AD subjects was significantly higher than that in controls. Additionally, the ABCA7 mRNA expression level in AD subjects was significantly correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination recall, the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale total score, and the Clinical Dementia Rating score. We also found a significant correlation between the ABCA7 mRNA expression level and duration of illness. Conclusion: The ABCA7 mRNA expression level in peripheral blood may be a marker for early stages of AD and disease progression regardless of rs3764650 and the methylation rate of its promoter.
Comparing Approaches to Optimize Cut-off Scores for Short Cognitive Screening Instruments in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: O’Caoimh Rónán , Gao Yang , Svendovski Anton , Gallagher Paul , Eustace Joseph , Molloy D. William 
Published: February 2017

Background: Although required to improve the usability of cognitive screening instruments (CSIs), the use of cut-off scores is controversial yet poorly researched. Objective: To explore cut-off scores for two short CSIs: the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) and Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Q mci) screen, describing adjustments in scores for diagnosis (MCI or dementia), age (≤, >75 years), and education (<, ≥12 years), comparing two methods: the maximal accuracy approach, derived from receiver operating characteristic curves, and Youden’s Index. Methods: Pooled analysis of assessments from patients attending memory clinics in Canada between 1999–2010 : 766 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 1,746 with dementia, and 875 normal controls. Results: The Q mci was more accurate than the SMMSE in differentiating controls from MCI or cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia). Employing the maximal accuracy approach, the optimal SMMSE cut-off for cognitive impairment was <28/30 (AUC 0.86, sensitivity 74%, specificity 88%) versus <63/100 for the Q mci (AUC 0.93, sensitivity 85%, specificity 85%). Using Youden’s Index, the optimal SMMSE cut-off remained <28/30 but fell slightly to <62/100 for the Q mci (sensitivity 83%, specificity 87%). The optimal cut-off for MCI was <29/30 for the SMMSE and <67/100 for the Q mci, irrespective of technique. The maximal accuracy approach generally produced higher Q mci cut-offs than Youden’s Index, both requiring adjustment for age and education. There were no clinically meaningful differences in SMMSE cut-off scores by age and education or method employed. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised selecting cut-offs as these differ by age, education, and method of derivation, with the extent of adjustment varying between CSIs.
Modeling the Historical Flux of Planetary Impactors
Authors: Nesvorný David , Roig Fernando , Bottke William F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The impact cratering record of the Moon and the terrestrial planets provides important clues about the formation and evolution of the solar system. Especially intriguing is the epoch ≃3.8–3.9 Gyr ago (Ga), known as the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), when the youngest lunar basins such as Imbrium and Orientale formed. The LHB was suggested to originate from a slowly declining impactor flux or from a late dynamical instability. Here, we develop a model for the historical flux of large asteroid impacts and discuss how it depends on various parameters, including the time and nature of the planetary migration/instability. We find that the asteroid impact flux dropped by 1–2 orders of magnitude during the first 1 Gyr and remained relatively unchanged over the last 3 Gyr. The early impacts were produced by asteroids whose orbits became excited during the planetary migration/instability, and by those originating from the inner extension of the main belt. The profiles obtained for the early and late versions of the planetary instability initially differ, but end up being similar after ∼3 Ga. Thus, the time of the instability can only be determined by considering the cratering and other constraints during the first ≃1.5 Gyr of the solar system history. Our absolute calibration of the impact flux indicates that asteroids were probably not responsible for the LHB, independently of whether the instability happened early or late, because the calibrated flux is not large enough to explain Imbrium/Orientale and a significant proportion of large lunar craters.
The Spectral Evolution of the First Galaxies. III. Simulated James Webb Space Telescope Spectra of Reionization-epoch Galaxies with Lyman-continuum Leakage
Authors: Zackrisson Erik , Binggeli Christian , Finlator Kristian , Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Paardekooper Jan-Pieter , Shimizu Ikkoh , Inoue Akio K. , Jensen Hannes , Micheva Genoveva , Khochfar Sadegh , Vecchia Claudio Dalla 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Using four different suites of cosmological simulations, we generate synthetic spectra for galaxies with different Lyman-continuum escape fractions (f
esc) at redshifts

–9, in the rest-frame wavelength range relevant for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec instrument. By investigating the effects of realistic star formation histories and metallicity distributions on the EW(Hβ)–β diagram (previously proposed as a tool for identifying galaxies with very high f
esc), we find that neither of these effects are likely to jeopardize the identification of galaxies with extreme Lyman-continuum leakage. Based on our models, we expect that essentially all

galaxies that exhibit rest-frame

Å to have

. Incorrect assumptions concerning the ionizing fluxes of stellar populations or the dust properties of

galaxies can in principle bias the selection, but substantial model deficiencies of this type should at the same time be evident from offsets in the observed distribution of

galaxies in the EW(Hβ)–β diagram compared to the simulated distribution. Such offsets would thereby allow JWST/NIRSpec measurements of these observables to serve as input for further model refinement.
The Synthesis of 44Ti and 56Ni in Massive Stars
Authors: Chieffi Alessandro , Limongi Marco 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We discuss the influence of rotation on the combined synthesis of

and

in massive stars. While

is significantly produced by both complete and incomplete explosive Si burning,

is mainly produced by complete explosive Si burning, with a minor contribution (in standard non-rotating models) from incomplete explosive Si burning and O burning (both explosive and hydrostatic). We find that, in most cases, the thickness of the region exposed to incomplete explosive Si burning increases in rotating models (initial velocity, v
ini = 300 km s−1) and since

is significantly produced in this zone, the fraction of mass coming from the complete explosive Si burning zone necessary to get the required amount of

reduces. Therefore the amount of

ejected for a given fixed amount of

decreases in rotating models. However, some rotating models at [Fe/H] = −1 develop a very extended O convective shell in which a consistent amount of

is formed, preserved, and ejected in the interstellar medium. Hence a better modeling of the thermal instabilities (convection) in the advanced burning phases together with a critical analysis of the cross sections of the nuclear reactions operating in O burning are relevant for the understanding of the synthesis of

.
Multiwavelength Transit Observations of the Candidate Disintegrating Planetesimals Orbiting WD 1145+017
Authors: Croll Bryce , Dalba Paul A. , Vanderburg Andrew , Eastman Jason , Rappaport Saul , DeVore John , Bieryla Allyson , Muirhead Philip S. , Han Eunkyu , Latham David W. , Beatty Thomas G. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Wright Jason T. , Johnson John Asher , McCrady Nate 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present multiwavelength, ground-based follow-up photometry of the white dwarf WD 1145+017, which has recently been suggested to be orbited by up to six or more short-period, low-mass, disintegrating planetesimals. We detect nine significant dips in flux of between 10% and 30% of the stellar flux in our ∼32 hr of photometry, suggesting that WD 1145+017 is indeed being orbited by multiple, short-period objects. Through fits to the asymmetric transits that we observe, we confirm that the transit egress is usually longer than the ingress, and that the transit duration is longer than expected for a solid body at these short periods, all suggesting that these objects have cometary tails streaming behind them. The precise orbital periods of the planetesimals are unclear, but at least one object, and likely more, have orbital periods of ∼4.5 hr. We are otherwise unable to confirm the specific periods that have been reported, bringing into question the long-term stability of these periods. Our high-precision photometry also displays low-amplitude variations, suggesting that dusty material is consistently passing in front of the white dwarf, either from discarded material from these disintegrating planetesimals or from the detected dusty debris disk. We compare the transit depths in the V- and R-bands of our multiwavelength photometry, and find no significant difference; therefore, for likely compositions, the radius of single-size particles in the cometary tails streaming behind the planetesimals must be ∼0.15 μm or larger, or ∼0.06 μm or smaller, with 2σ confidence.