bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-speed maskless nanolithography with visible light based on photothermal localization
Authors: Wei Jingsong , Zhang Kui , Wei Tao , Wang Yang , Wu Yiqun , Xiao Mufei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHigh-speed maskless nanolithography is experimentally achieved on AgInSbTe thin films. The lithography was carried out in air at room temperature, with a GaN diode laser (λ = 405 nm), and on a large sample disk of diameter 120 mm. The normal width of the written features measures 46 ± 5 nm, about 1/12 of the diffraction allowed smallest light spot, and the lithography speed reaches 6 ~ 8 m/s, tens of times faster than traditional laser writing methods. The writing resolution is instantaneously tunable by adjusting the laser power. The reason behind the significant breakthrough in terms of writing resolution and speed is found as the concentration of light induced heat. Therefore, the heat spot is far smaller than the light spot, so does the size of the written features. Such a sharp focus of heat occurs only on the selected writing material, and the phenomenon is referred as the photothermal localization response. The physics behind the effect is explained and supported with numerical simulations.
Aging Effect on Categorical Perception of Mandarin Tones 2 and 3 and Thresholds of Pitch Contour Discrimination
Authors: Wang Yuxia , Yang Xiaohu , Zhang Hui , Xu Lilong , Xu Can , Liu Chang 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine the aging effect on the categorical perception of Mandarin Chinese Tone 2 (rising F0 pitch contour) and Tone 3 (falling-then-rising F0 pitch contour) as well as on the thresholds of pitch contour discrimination.

Method
Three experiments of Mandarin tone perception were conducted for younger and older listeners with Mandarin Chinese as the native language. The first 2 experiments were in the categorical perception paradigm: tone identification and tone discrimination for a series of stimuli, the F0 contour of which systematically varied from Tone 2 to Tone 3. In the third experiment, the just-noticeable differences of pitch contour discrimination were measured for both groups.

Results
In the measures of categorical perception, older listeners showed significantly shallower slopes in the tone identification function and significantly smaller peakedness in the tone discrimination function compared with younger listeners. Moreover, the thresholds of pitch contour discrimination were significantly higher for older listeners than for younger listeners.

Conclusion
These results suggest that aging reduced the categoricality of Mandarin tone perception and worsened the psychoacoustic capacity to discriminate pitch contour changes, thereby possibly leading to older listeners' difficulty in identifying Tones 2 and 3.
Spatially mutual coupling reduction between CP‐MIMO antennas using FSS superstrate
Authors: Akbari M. , Ali M.M. , Farahani M. , Sebak A.R. , Denidni T. 
Published: March 2017

A new approach to suppress mutual coupling of spatial electromagnetic fields between two circularly polarised (CP) antennas using frequency selective surface (FSS) technique around 30 GHz is presented. The transmission‐type FSS layer with the CP capability is placed on the top of two closely multiple‐input, multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas. The study shows that the FSS layer can suppress an average of 10 dB mutual coupling between two adjacent CP‐MIMO antennas. The proposed technique does not degrade the impedance and radiation performance of the antenna in comparison with the antenna without FSS layer. The two‐port CP antennas are fabricated and measured to validate the simulation results. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results in terms of the reflection coefficient, mutual coupling, and axial ratio.
Methodology to assess distribution transformer thermal capacity for uptake of low carbon technologies
Authors: Gao Yuan , Patel Beval , Liu Qiang , Wang Zhongdong , Bryson Geraldine 
Published: March 2017

Low‐voltage network is concerned on the penetration of low carbon technologies. Distribution transformer thermal capacity is one of the most concerned, due to the aged and capital‐intensive nature of the transformer fleet. Extensive studies have been done on this topic, and most of them have applied exiting thermal models such as IEC 60076 thermal model to estimate the hot‐spot temperature (HST). However, it is lack of consideration on how accurate the thermal model is or how to refine the thermal model for more accurate estimation of HST. In this study, a methodology is introduced to improve the accuracy of IEC thermal model by refining its thermal parameters based on measured temperature data during the heat run test. Verification of the methodology under one 1 MVA 6.6/0.415 kV distribution transformer shows that the accuracy of predicting the HST is improved by reducing the maximum error from 25.8 to 3.6 K under constant loads and 8.15 to 4.16 K under cyclic loads. Also, a worst‐case scenario study under the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) shows the maximum penetration level of EVs is improved by 9% by applying refined thermal parameters to estimate the HST of the distribution transformer.
Implementation and performance evaluation of a harmonic filter for use in adaptive single‐phase reclosing
Authors: Dias Ozenir , Tavares Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2017

This study presents an adaptive single‐phase reclosing method based on voltage harmonic measurement implemented in a digital harmonic filter. This filter and the transmission system were modelled in a real‐time digital simulator. A distance relay was used for protection and reclosing, responding as if it was in field operation. The studied system was based on an actual 500 kV Brazilian system. This study highlights the advantages of using the adaptive technique with a digital harmonic filter.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Is a Risk Factor for Unplanned Return to the Operating Room in the Surgical Treatment of a Septic Knee
Authors: Costales Timothy , Greenwell Patrick , Christian Matthew , Henn Ralph , Jaffe David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSurgical irrigation and debridement is the mainstay of treatment after the diagnosis of a septic knee. Arthroscopic treatment has been validated as a treatment option, but there is limited literature comparing it to an open arthrotomy regarding risk factors for failing single-stage surgical treatment. A retrospective review of surgically treated native adult septic knees at one urban tertiary care center was conducted to evaluate rates of unplanned return to the operating room (OR) following both arthroscopic and open treatment of an adult septic knee. The primary outcome studied was unplanned return to the OR for persistent infection within 4 months of the initial surgery. Demographics, laboratory, and microbiology data were collected to identify factors associated with unplanned return visits to the OR. Fisher's exact tests and two-tailed paired Student's t-tests were used for categorical and continuous data comparisons, respectively. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors of initial washout failure. Thirty-three patients underwent arthroscopy and 47 had open arthrotomy. Eight failed arthroscopy and nine failed open treatment (75.8 and 80.9% success rates, p = 0.59). Unplanned repeat washouts in arthroscopically treated knees was associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (62.5 vs. 12%, p = 0.01) and increased synovial white blood cell (WBC) count (160,000 vs. 52,000, p = 0.004). Unplanned return for repeat washout after open treatment was associated with lower American Society of Anesthesiologists scores (2.3 vs. 2.9, p = 0.019). MRSA was the only independent predictor of failure of single washout in a multivariable logistic regression analysis (p = 0.017). This study did not detect a difference in success of single washout between arthroscopic and open treatment of septic arthritis. However, MRSA was identified as a risk factor for an unplanned return to the OR after arthroscopic treatment. Consideration should be made for open surgical treatment in the setting of MRSA infections of a native knee.
Postoperative Elevated Resistive Indices Do Not Predict Hepatic Artery Thrombosis in Extended Criteria Donor Livers
Authors: Vandermeer Fauzia , Siskind Tamar , Bruno David , Sultan Samuel , Alvarez-Casas Josue , Stafford Arielle , Lane Barton , Lamattina John , Barth Rolf , Hanish Steven , Siskind Eric 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPostoperative transplant liver ultrasounds were analyzed in standard criteria donor (SCD), extended criteria donor (ECD), and donation after cardiac death (DCD) liver allografts to determine if elevated resistive indices (RIs) are consistently present and if they are pathological. Postoperative transplant liver ultrasounds were reviewed from 115 consecutive patients. Hepatic arterial RIs were stratified based on the type of donor: DCD, macrosteatosis (>30%), or standard criteria. In all patients with elevated RI, subsequent ultrasounds were reviewed to demonstrate RI normalization. The mean RI for all 115 patients was 0.64, DCD was 0.67, macrosteatosis was 0.81, and SCD was 0.61 (p = 0.033). The RI on subsequent liver ultrasounds for DCD and macrosteatosis normalized without any intervention. There were no incidences of early hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) observed in the cohort. Hepatic arterial RI in ECDs and DCDs are elevated in the immediate postoperative period but are not predictive of HAT. It represents interparenchymal graft stiffness and overall graft edema rather than an impending technical complication. The results of our study do not support the routine use of anticoagulation or routine investigation with computed tomography angiography for elevated RIs as these findings are self-limiting and normalize over a short period of time. We hope that this information helps guide the clinical management of liver transplant patients from expanded criteria donors.
Bilateral comparison of 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards (ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a and 13.b) between the CMI (Czech Republic) and the BIPM
Authors: Rolland B , Fletcher N , Kučera J , Chrobok P , Voj´čkov´ L 
Published: March 2017

This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of resistance between the CMI (Czech Republic) and the BIPM carried out in 2015. Two 1 Ω and two 10 kΩ travelling standards belonging to the BIPM were used. The comparison was carried out with an 'A-B-A' pattern of measurements; the standards were measured first at the BIPM for a period of about one month, then for a similar period at the BIM, and finally again at the BIPM. The measurand was the 4 terminal dc resistance at low power. The BIPM was the pilot laboratory, and the comparison forms part of the ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a (for 1 Ω) and BIPM.EM-K13b (for 10 kΩ).
The results from the CMI and the BIPM were found to be in good agreement, with a difference smaller than the relative expanded uncertainty (95% confidence, k = 2) of 0.046 × 10-6 for 1 Ω and 0.034 × 10-6 for 10 kΩ.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Winter–spring climate effects on small-sized copepods in the coastal Baltic Sea
Authors: Klais Riina , Otto Saskia A. , Teder Marilyn , Simm Mart , Ojaveer Henn 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The general positive effect of warmer winters on the abundance of small-sized zooplankton in the following spring and early summer has been reported from different parts of the Baltic Sea, but the mechanism of this link is not clear. Although causal links cannot be deduced with confidence from observational data, sufficiently detailed analyses can nevertheless provide insights to the potential mechanisms. We present an example of such an analysis, scrutinizing the effects of winter and spring hydroclimate on the abundance of small-sized dominant calanoid copepods (Eurytemora affinis and Acartia spp.), using data from 2080 zooplankton samples collected over 55 years (1957–2012) from a shallow coastal habitat (Pärnu Bay, Gulf of Riga) in the Baltic Sea. Our results indicated that the milder winters brought about higher abundances, and reduced seasonality of small-sized copepods, whereas ambient sea surface temperature (SST) mostly affected the relative abundance of adult stages. The sliding window correlation tests revealed temporal shifts in the effects of controlling variables: with the continuous increase in SST, the effect of winter temperature on the abundance of Acartia spp. weakened. In contrast, E. affinis was consistently affected by SST, but the effect of winter temperature was more pronounced during the period of on average colder winters.
Pregnant Women's Current and Intended Cannabis Use in Relation to Their Views Toward Legalization and Knowledge of Potential Harm
Authors: Mark Katrina , Gryczynski Jan , Axenfeld Ellen , Schwartz Robert P. , Terplan Mishka 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to investigate pregnant women's current use of cannabis and their intended patterns of use with relation to their views on the legalization of cannabis and their knowledge of potential harms.

Methods:
A voluntary, anonymous survey regarding patterns of use of cannabis and views on legalization was distributed to a convenience sample of pregnant women presenting for prenatal care at an outpatient university clinic. Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests were used for analysis using STATA.

Results:
Of 306 surveys returned, 35% of women reported currently using cannabis at the time of diagnosis of pregnancy and 34% of those women continued to use. Seventy percent of respondents endorsed the belief that cannabis could be harmful to a pregnancy. Fifty-nine percent of respondents believed that cannabis should be legalized in some form and 10% reported that they would use cannabis more during pregnancy if it were legalized. Those who continued to use cannabis during pregnancy were less likely than those who quit to believe that cannabis use could be harmful during pregnancy (26% vs 75%, P < 0.001). The most common motivation for quitting cannabis use in pregnancy was to avoid being a bad example (74%); in comparison, only 27% of respondents listed a doctor's recommendation as a motivation to quit.

Conclusions:
Cannabis use during pregnancy is relatively common and persistent, despite knowledge of the potential risks of harm. Views toward legalization vary among pregnant women and may impact cannabis use during pregnancy. In a changing legal climate, there is a need for clear messaging on the effects of cannabis use during pregnancy.
Daily Lowest Hemoglobin and Risk of Organ Dysfunctions in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Hemauer Sarah J. , Kingeter Adam J. , Han Xue , Shotwell Matthew S. , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Weavind Liza M. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:To determine the association between hemoglobin levels and the daily risk of individual organ dysfunctions in critically ill patients.Design:Post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data.Setting:Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Saint Thomas Hospital Medical and Surgical ICUs.Patients:Medical and surgical ICU patients admitted with respiratory failure or shock.Interventions:Baseline demographic data, and detailed in-ICU and hospital data, including daily lowest hemoglobin, were collected up to hospital day 30. We assessed patients daily for brain dysfunction (delirium, using Confusion Assessment Method for ICU), for renal and respiratory dysfunction (using the ordinal renal and respiratory Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score), and for ICU mortality. Associations between the lowest hemoglobin on a given day and organ dysfunctions the following day were assessed using multivariable regressions, adjusting for age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Charlson comorbidity index, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, ICU day, ICU type, sepsis, and current organ dysfunction status. A sensitivity analysis further adjusted for daily transfusions and fluid balance in a subset of our patients.Measurements and Main Results:We enrolled 821 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 61 (51–71) years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 25 (19–31), and hemoglobin level of 10.0 (9.0–11.1) g/dL. There was no evidence of an association between lowest daily hemoglobin and brain dysfunction (p= 0.69 for delirium), renal dysfunction (p= 0.30), or ICU mortality (p= 0.95). The lowest hemoglobin on a given day was significantly associated with the respiratory Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score the following day; for each increasing hemoglobin unit, the odds of worsened respiratory Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score the following day were decreased by 36% (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53–0.77;p< 0.001). The sensitivity analysis including daily transfusions and fluid balance (in a subset of 518 patients) did not qualitatively change any of these associations.Conclusions:In this study in ICU patients, lower hemoglobin was associated with a higher probability of worsening respiratory dysfunction scores the following day. There was no evidence of association between hemoglobin and brain or renal dysfunction, or ICU mortality. The possible differential effects of anemia on organ dysfunctions seen in this hypothesis-generating study will have to be studied in a larger prospective study before any alterations to present restrictive transfusion guidelines can be recommended.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality*
Authors: Ramanathan Kollengode , Tan Chuen Seng , Rycus Peter , MacLaren Graeme 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a rescue therapy used to support severe cardiorespiratory failure. Data on outcomes from severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults receiving rescue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are mainly confined to single-center experiences or specific pathogens. We examined data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation registry to identify risk factors for poor outcomes in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Design:
Retrospective data analysis.

Setting:
Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry database.

Patients:
We collected deidentified data on adult patients (> 18 yr) receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for community-acquired pneumonia between 2002 and 2012. Patients with incomplete data or brain death were excluded. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Other measurements included demographic information, pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation mechanical ventilation and biochemical variables, inotrope requirements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation mode, duration, and complications. Initial univariate analysis assessed potential associations between survival and various pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation factors. Variables with p values of less than 0.1 were considered for logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of mortality.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Findings:
One thousand fifty-five patients, who satisfied inclusion criteria, were included in the final analysis. There was an increase in the number of patients cannulated per annum over the 10-year period studied. Univariate analysis identified pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation variables associated with high mortality. Further multiple regression analysis identified certain pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation factors as predictors of mortality, including duration of mechanical ventilation prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, lower arterial pressure, fungal pneumonia, and advancing age. Type and duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, neurologic complications, and presence of more than three complications on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were also associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions:
The majority (66%) of adults with community-acquired pneumonia supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survived. Certain potentially modifiable risk factors were associated with increased mortality.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Salvage with Omental Flap
Authors: Cusimano Luke A. , Wolfe Emily T. , Tan Pamela , Babycos Christopher R. , Bansal Aditya 
Published: March 2017

Summary:
A large number of people are affected with heart failure annually and require left ventricular assist device placement as a bridge to heart transplant or as destination therapy. When these devices become infected, it is a challenge to eradicate the infection. Failure ultimately results in a significant morbidity and mortality. Source control along with debridement and antibiotics can eradicate the infection of the patient, but many times there is a large defect that needs soft-tissue coverage. Many options for soft-tissue coverage have been suggested, but omentum may be an excellent choice due to its vascularity, bulk, and immunological properties. In this case report, the omental flap is employed for salvage of the left ventricular assist device with excellent results.
Nurse Practitioner Prescriptive Authority for Buprenorphine
Authors: Fornili Katherine S. , Fogger Susanne A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this Policy Watch column is to provide an update on a much anticipated legislation, enacted in 2016, which enabled office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) with buprenorphine prescribing for the treatment of opioid addiction by nurse practitioners (as well as physician assistants). First, an overview of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000, which only permitted OBOT prescribing by physicians, will be described. It will be followed by a summary of the Recovery Enhancement for Addiction Treatment Act of 2015–2016. Finally, a review of the Comprehensive Addiction Recovery Act of 2016 will be provided, which includes information about important changes to OBOT regulations that enable NP prescribing of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid addiction.