bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflicting results from mitochondrial genomic data challenge current views of Rubiaceae phylogeny
Authors: Rydin Catarina , Wikström Niklas , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: October 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Reconstruction of plant phylogeny has heavily relied on single‐gene or multigene plastid data. New sequencing methods have led to an increasing number of studies based on data from the entire plastid, but the mitochondrion has rarely been used to infer plant phylogeny because of an assumed information poverty and demonstrated lateral transfer of mitochondrial gene regions between distantly related species.METHODS:We explored phylogenetic information from the plant mitochondrion using 57 representatives of the species‐rich coffee family as study system and assessed consistency with previous results based (mostly) on plastid data.KEY RESULTS:We showed that the mitochondrial genome can provide structured and statistically significant information on plant phylogeny. While most of our results are consistent with those based on plastid data, some surprising and statistically significant conflicts emerge, and our study demonstrates with striking clarity that the phylogeny of Rubiaceae is far from resolved.CONCLUSIONS:It appears unlikely that conflicts between results retrieved from the different genomic compartments would be restricted to Rubiaceae. Rather, they are probably a general phenomenon and an important factor behind longstanding “difficult” phylogenetic questions. The biological processes responsible for the conflicting results detected here are unclear, but some conflicts are likely caused by hybridization events that occurred tens of millions of years ago. Whether such ancient events can be reconstructed based on molecular data from extant plants remains to be seen, but future studies of the nuclear genome may provide a way forward.
Rotational Spectral Unmixing of Exoplanets: Degeneracies between Surface Colors and Geography
Authors: Fujii Yuka , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Cowan Nicolas B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Unmixing the disk-integrated spectra of exoplanets provides hints about heterogeneous surfaces that we cannot directly resolve in the foreseeable future. It is particularly important for terrestrial planets with diverse surface compositions like Earth. Although previous work on unmixing the spectra of Earth from disk-integrated multi-band light curves appeared successful, we point out a mathematical degeneracy between the surface colors and their spatial distributions. Nevertheless, useful constraints on the spectral shape of individual surface types may be obtained from the premise that albedo is everywhere between 0 and 1. We demonstrate the degeneracy and the possible constraints using both mock data based on a toy model of Earth, as well as real observations of Earth. Despite the severe degeneracy, we are still able to recover an approximate albedo spectrum for an ocean. In general, we find that surfaces are easier to identify when they cover a large fraction of the planet and when their spectra approach zero or unity in certain bands.
New Binaries in the ϵ Cha Association*
Authors: Briceño César , Tokovinin Andrei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present Adaptive Optics-aided speckle observations of 47 young stars in the ϵ Cha association made at the 4 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope in the I-band. We resolved 10 new binary pairs, 5 previously known binaries, and 2 triple systems, also previously known. In the separation range between 4 and 300 au, the 30 association members of spectral types G0 and later host 6 binary companions, leading to the raw companion frequency of 0.010 ± 0.04 per decade of separation, comparable to the main sequence dwarfs in the field. On the other hand, all five massive association members of spectral types A and B have companions in this range. We discuss the newly resolved and known binaries in our sample. Observed motions in the triple system ϵ Cha, composed of three similar B9V stars, can be described by tentative orbits with periods 13 and ∼900 years and a large mutual inclination.
Explicit Form of the Radiative and Collisional Branching Ratios in Polarized Radiation Transport with Coherent Scattering
Authors: Casini R. , Alemán T. del Pino , Sainz R. Manso 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We consider the vector emissivity of the polarized radiation transfer in a Λ-type atomic transition, which we recently proposed to account for both complete frequency redistribution (CRD) and partial redistribution (PRD) contributions to the scattered radiation. This expression can concisely be written as

ε

=

(

ε

(
1
)

−

ε

f
.
s
.

(
2
)

)

+

ε

(
2
)

,

where

ε

(
1
)

and

ε

(
2
)

are the emissivity terms describing, respectively, one-photon and two-photon processes in a Λ-type atom, and where “f.s.” means that the corresponding term must be evaluated assuming an appropriate “flat spectrum” average of the incident radiation across the spectral line. In this follow-up study, we explicitly consider the expressions of these various terms for the case of a polarized multi-term atom to derive the algebraic forms of the branching ratios between the CRD and PRD contributions to the emissivity. In the limit of a two-term atom with non-coherent lower term, our results are shown to be in full agreement with those recently derived by Bommier.
Les armes du Hezbollah : terrorisme, droit à la résistance et principe de légalité
Authors: Dot-Pouillard Nicolas 
Published: October 2017

Terroriste, ou libérateur ? Depuis le milieu des années 1980, le Hezbollah suscite des interprétations divergentes. Pour les uns, c’est un mouvement terroriste, qui doit être éradiqué : tel est le point de vue d’Israël ou des Etats-Unis, rejoints, depuis 2016, par l’Arabie saoudite. Pour les autres, le Hezbollah est condamnable : mais il y a un principe de réalité. L’Union européenne distingue ainsi entre une branche politique et une branche militaire du Hezbollah. Il est possible de dialoguer avec la première, il faut en finir avec la seconde. Enfin, il y a la narration du Hezbollah et de ses partisans : le Hezbollah n’est pas un mouvement terroriste, puisque ses armes bénéficient d’un principe de légalité au Liban. Son opposition à l’Etat islamique lui permet enfin d’intégrer la rhétorique de l’anti-terrorisme à son arsenal conceptuel. Les divergences d’interprétations au sujet du Hezbollah montrent surtout que l’adjectif terroriste relève moins de l’ordre du droit, que de l’ordre du dire.
Les Kurdes de Daech : les raisons de la radicalisation d’une génération
Authors: Bakawan Adel 
Published: October 2017

Le djihadisme kurde a déjà une histoire de 37 ans. Il est passé par plusieurs phases : de l’islamisation de la lutte kurde (Mouvement Islamique du Kurdistan), à l’internationalisation de la lutte islamiste (Ansar al-Islam). Et puis, de 2012 à 2017, une nouvelle génération de djihadistes kurdes est entrée dans le processus de la reterritorialisation de lutte armée et s’est intégrée à l’Organisation de l’État Islamique (Daech). Pourquoi devient-on djihadiste au Kurdistan ? Comment le processus de radicalisation fonctionne dans un Kurdistan en quête d’indépendance ? Pour mettre en exergue ces questions, cette article propose une grille d’analyse à six niveaux : la part de l’islam dans la radicalisation de cette nouvelle génération ; la culture de la violence dans l’histoire récente kurde ; l’exclusion sociale exercée par la nouvelle oligarchie kurde et la frustration de toute une génération livrée à la rue ; l’avènement des révolutions du monde arabe ; le déploiement sans limite des réseaux sociaux qui voit Facebook remplacer la mosquée ; et enfin la kurdistanisation des grands mouvements islamistes, qui a déçu certains acteurs.
Le premier accord migratoire était franco-italien
Authors: Douki Caroline 
Published: October 2017

Revenir sur le couple franco-italien qui a conclu la première convention bilatérale sur les migrations en 1904, puis perfectionné ce dispositif jusqu’aux années 1950, permet d’observer comment ont émergé des principes décisifs pour la définition des droits des travailleurs étrangers, ainsi que des outils administratifs d’encadrement, dont les pouvoirs publics et les acteurs économiques ont toujours fait un usage ambivalent.
La ville dans le droit de la santé
Authors: Truchet Didier 
Published: October 2017

Le droit de la santé appréhende la ville en tant que commune (ou groupement de communes). Les autorités municipales disposent de moins en moins de pouvoirs de décision envers la politique de santé, qui est l’affaire de l’État ; elles sont cependant consultées sur ses orientations. Il l’appréhende aussi comme le centre des territoires de démocratie sanitaire, dans lesquels la population doit trouver la gamme de services de santé dont elle a besoin. Les citoyens et les élus locaux sont très attentifs à cet objectif, envers lequel les communes ne sont pas dépourvues de tout moyen d’action.
Environmental Contamination as an Important Route for the Transmission of the Hospital Pathogen VRE: Modeling and Prediction of Classical Interventions
Authors: Wolkewitz M , Dettenkofer M , Bertz H , Schumacher M , Huebner J 
Published: October 2017

Background In addition to the close contact between patients and medical staff, the contamination of surfaces plays an important role in the transmission of pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Mathematical modeling is a very convenient tool for hospital infection control as it allows the quantitative prediction of the effects of special hygiene and control interventions. Methods We present a compartmental model which describes the dynamics of transmission from patient to patient, also taking into account the interaction with medical staff and environmental contamination. Empirical data from a VRE outbreak in the onco-haematological unit at the University Medical Center Freiburg (Germany) were collected with 100 consecutive admissions being followed up for 90 days. Stochastical simulations were used to predict the prevalence of patients colonised with VRE at the time when at least one of the following interventions were introduced: hand hygiene, disinfection of surfaces, cohorting, screening and antibiotic reduction. Results Graphical figures show the temporal dynamics of several simulation scenarios. If no prevention or intervention is present, simulations based on transmission models predict an expected endemic prevalence per ward of 0.83 (95% CI:0.66, 1.00) after the first infected person enters the unit. Interventions may reduce this prevalence, but only the combination of several interventions can control a VRE outbreak. Conclusions The model predicts that only the combination of several interventions can control an VRE outbreak in this setting. The inclusion of environmental contamination improves the compartmental model and allows a prediction of the efficacy of the disinfection of surfaces. These results can be applied to other settings and will therefore help to understand and control the spread of nosocomial pathogens.
Food Words
Authors: Jackson Peter , CONANX group  
Published: October 2017

Food Words is a series of provocative essays on some of the most important keywords in the emergent field of food studies, focusing on current controversies and on-going debates.
Words like ‘choice’ and ‘convenience’ are often used as explanatory terms in understanding consumer behavior but are clearly ideological in the way they reflect particular positions and serve specific interests, while words like ‘taste’ and ‘value’ are no less complex and contested.
Inspired by Raymond Williams, Food Words traces the multiple meanings of each of our keywords, tracking nuances in different (academic, commercial and policy) contexts. Mapping the dynamic meanings of each term, the book moves forward from critical assessment to active intervention — an attitude that is reflected in the lively, sometimes combative, style of the essays. Each essay is research-based and fully referenced but accessible to the general reader.
With a foreword by eminent food scholar Warren Belasco, Professor of American Studies at the University of Maryland-Baltmore County, and written by an inter-disciplinary team associated with the CONANX research project (Consumer culture in an ‘age of anxiety’), Food Words will be essential reading for food scholars across the arts, humanities and social sciences.
The Image of the Soldier in German Culture, 1871–1933
Authors: Fox Paul 
Published: October 2017

This study examines the force of tradition in conservative German visual culture, exploring thematic continuities in the post-conflict representation of battlefield identities from the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 to the demise of the Weimar Republic in 1933.
Using over 40 representative images sampled from both high and popular culture, Paul Fox discusses complex and interdependent visual responses to a wide spectrum of historical events, spanning world war, regional conflict, internal security operations, and border skirmishes. The book demonstrates how all the artists, illustrators and photographers whose work is addressed here were motivated to affirm German moral superiority on the battlefield. They produced images that advanced dominant notions of how the ideal German man should behave when at war – even when the outcome was defeat. Their construction of an imagined martial masculinity based on aggressive moral superiority became so deeply rooted in German culture that it eventually provided the basis for a programmatic imagining of how Germany might again recover its standing as a great military power in Central Europe in the wake of defeat in 1918.
The Image of the Soldier in German Culture, 1871-1933 is an important volume for any historian interested cultural history, the representation of armed conflict in European culture, the history of modern Germany, the Franco-Prussian War, and the First World War.
Castillos de ARENA. Hegemonía y proyecto de derecha en la posguerra salvadoreña
Authors: Lungo Rodríguez Irene 
Published: October 2017

Taking as theoretic base the concept of hegemony, this article tries to understand the consolidation of the neo-conservative politic project of the ARENA party, which has managed to rebuild the political representation of corporative elites and lo articulate a social, politic and economic proposal at national level. This new stage history it's attached both with an economic reform, oriented to market liberalization, and with a social reform, which aims to pacify and democratize the Salvadorian society: these processes constitute the frame in which the studied phenomenon develop. This process derives in the institution of a social order which, even while resort to the liberal democracy, conserves implicit the exclusive logic that has characterized the Salvadorian political system and state significant boundaries to the postwar political project.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 120, 2009: 249-279
La reproducción del discurso de ARENA en la prensa escrita y en la publicidad en el período electoral presidencial de 2009
Authors: Guzmán Nataly 
Published: October 2017

The political discourse of ARENA party is built upon several myths. One of them is the myth of the leader-saviour of the country against the threat of communism. Other myth is the "people" as a passive entity, paying loyalty to its leader by showing him patience. These features of the political discourse of ARENA were shown in the past presidential campaign. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 120, 2009: 357-371
Representaciones sociales de la inseguridad en El Salvador de la posguerra: estudio de casos del AMSS
Authors: Umaña Lorena 
Published: October 2017

In this article, the author explores the problem of the insecurity in the postwar period in three municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador. The article explores historical social representation of the rupture, of the change, of the transformation towards the peace in an urban space from the peace agreements signed in 1992, and finishes in 2007 and its. It focuses in presenting in general terms, the citizens social representations from three different generations (adult majors, adults and young), gender, and from each municipality selected which were interviewed about their lived, suffered and perception of insecurity in the postwar period from the barrio to the country, to describe how the others category is constructed and how their social representation about insecurity in the city is used to justify, classify, stratify or explain its social reality.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 120, 2009: 389-418
El juego de las locuras: Ifigenia, San Pablo y el pensamiento crítico
Authors: Hinkelammert Franz 
Published: October 2017

The critic of Capitalism is the result of a transformation of Christianity before the rise of orthodoxy during the 3rd and 4th centuries. Not only Capitalism is a result of the transformation of Christianity, but Modernity itself is a transformation of Christianity. The very excision of the modern society is the result of a transformation in a divided Cristianity in a very similar way. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 121, 2009: 487-509
Introduction: Difference and Dialogism in Family Narratives
Authors: Borland Katherine , Sawin Patricia , Tye Diane 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs a primary generator and transmitter of expressive culture, the family is an important source for folklorists. Nevertheless, our dependence on family often has gone unrecognized and unproblematized in folklore scholarship. Enlarging the scope of family folklore beyond an identified, largely celebratory core to include other considerations of family narrative, we complicate folkloristic concepts of group, genre, and performance. Like any other group, families are made, not given, and are performed in diverse and shifting ways. The articles in this special issue explore the inherently dialogic, multi-voiced, co-produced, and sometimes conflictive nature of narratives of identity shared within families. By taking family, rather than the individual, as the producer and primary audience for these stories, the introductory essay and the articles that follow highlight ways in which family storytelling invites imaginative identification even across difference and contributes to a folkloristic understanding of both family identity and personal narrative.
Salt Fish and Molasses: Unsettling the Palate in the Spaces Between Two Continents
Authors: Snooks Gina , Boon Sonja 
Published: October 2017

Food stories play an integral role in the ways that we imagine ourselves, both intimately in the context of home and family, and politically, in the context of the nation-state. But while food is intricately woven into the politics of place, it also crosses boundaries, gaining new meanings in the process. In this paper, we consider the transnational food histories that link the geographically distant but colonially-linked regions of Newfoundland and Suriname. Our collaborative autoethnographic inquiry examines the role that salt fish and molasses have played in our respective bodily memories and experiences. Central to our inquiry is a single question: What happens when salt fish – Newfoundland’s greatest export product – meets molasses, the sticky treacly by-product of the colonial Caribbean’s sugar cane refining process; that is, what happens when our palates meet? Engaging a decolonial lens, our collaborative work suggests the necessity of moving beyond culinary nostalgia towards the complexity of an “unsettled palate” that acknowledges the legacies of our shared transnational histories and the ongoing effects of colonialism and slavery. In the process, we critically reflect upon the ways in which we are each implicated in these histories, albeit in different ways. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on March 3rd 2017 and published on October 17th 2017.
“Distinguished Ladies” and the Doctrine of Womanhood: Auto-surveillance and Auto-performance in Diamela Eltit’s E. Luminata
Authors: Ortiz-Vilarelle Lisa 
Published: October 2017

This essay reads Diamela Eltit’s E. Luminata as form of auto-performative ‘anti-manual’ which employs a range of autobiographical forms and functions in protest of codes of womanhood published in an actual manual of women’s con-duct authored by Augusto Pinochet’s First Lady and enforced by his regime’s National Secretariat of Women which organized forms of auto-surveillance by which women policed themselves and one another. It argues that if the NSW functioned as a mechanism for the surveillance and discipline of women in Pi-nochet’s police state, Eltit’s text functions as a subversive auto-performance of Chilean womanhood offered in protest against the state censorship of women’s autobiography. The reading demonstrates the ways in which E. Luminata stra-tegically performs Eltit’s own public self-representation of womanhood which, although meant to be impossible, is not unattainable in the regime.
This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on October 19th 2015 and published on October 17th 2017.
Dear Diary: A Celebration of Diaries and their Digital Descendants. The Dear Diary exhibition, King’s College London, 2017
Authors: Van de Wal Rozemarijn 
Published: October 2017

Diaries present a valuable source for historical research. They provide an insight into the lives of ordinary people, informing us about the everyday as well as the extraordinary in the context of changing times and societies. Diaries give us a personal perspective on public issues, an understanding of how people thought at a certain time and place, information almost unobtainable from other sources. However, diary writing is a genre at risk. Not only do diarists often disregard the value of their writings and make no plans or efforts for their future conservation, but the private nature of diaries often makes people hesitant about saving them for future generations. In addition, the advancement of the digital age is radically changing the genre. Traditionally associated with pen and paper, diaries are increasingly ‘written’ online or otherwise compiled through the use of digital methods. The internet is quite literally changing our lives as well as the practices of life-writing. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 8 August 2017 and published on 5 October 2017.