bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution Blow Spinning of Food‐Grade Gelatin Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Fei , Avena‐Bustillos Roberto J. , Bilbao‐Sainz Cristina , Woods Rachelle , Chiou Bor‐Sen , Wood Delilah , Williams Tina , Yokoyama Wallace , Glenn Gregory M. , McHugh Tara H. , Zhong Fang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe primary advantage of nanofibers over larger diameter fibers is the larger surface area to volume ratio. This study evaluated solution blow spinning (SBS) processing conditions for obtaining food‐grade gelatin nanofibers from mammalian and fishery byproducts, such as pork skin gelatins (PGs) and high molecular weight fish skin gelatin (HMWFG). HMWFG had a highest intact collagen structure compared to PGs. PGs with different Bloom values, solution viscosities, and surface tensions were compared with HMWFG for their ability to produce nanofibers through SBS. Only HMWFG fibers were obtained irrespective of processing conditions, which looked like fluffy cotton candy. HMWFG nanofibers had round morphologies with a narrower diameter distribution and lower average fiber diameter (AFD) under medium gelatin concentrations, medium air pressures, and medium feed rates. The highest glass transition temperature (Tg) values were obtained at medium concentrations, medium air pressure, and either high or low feed rate. The thinnest HMWFG nanofibers with an AFD of 80.1 nm and the highest Tg value of 59.0 °C could be formed by combining a concentration of 17.6% (w/v), an air pressure of 0.379 MPa, and a feed rate of 0.06 mL/min from the response surface analysis. HMWFG Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area increased from 221 to 237 m2/g, indicating their potential applicability for active compound carrier.
Oil Bodies Extracted from High‐Fat and Low‐Fat Soybeans: Stability and Composition During Storage
Authors: Wang Qiu Ling , Li Cui Chun , Jiang Lian Zhou , Liu Yue , Liang Xin Ting , Hou Jun Cai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSoybeans contain oil bodies (OBs) that encapsulate triacylglycerols (TAGs) with a phospholipid monolayer carrying scattered proteins. In nature, soybean OBs can form natural emulsions in aqueous media and may serve as natural, minimally processed, stable, and pre‐emulsified oil for addition into appropriate food systems. In this study, OBs were obtained by aqueous extraction from the mature seeds of 2 soybean crop cultivars, high‐fat soybean and low‐fat soybeans. The compositions of the extracted OBs were analyzed during storage at room temperature up to 14 d (pH = 7). The oxidative stability of these OBs, stored at 60 °C, was evaluated by measuring the presence of primary (lipid hydroperoxides) and secondary lipid oxidation products (malondialdehyde) by determining the standard peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value. During storage, the contents of unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and tocopherols declined in both OBs, while their mean particle diameters (d32) and ζ‐potentials increased. The changes in PV and TBARS values exhibited a similar trend for both OBs, but the OBs from low‐fat soybeans had significantly lower PV and higher TBARS values than the OBs from high‐fat soybean cultivars (P < 0.05). Overall, the OBs from both soybean cultivars had good stability during storage.
Contribution of High‐Pressure‐Induced Protein Modifications to the Microenvironment and Functional Properties of Rabbit Meat Sausages
Authors: Xue Siwen , Yu Xiaobo , Yang Huijuan , Xu Xinglian , Ma Hanjun , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRabbit meat batters were subjected to high pressure (HP, 100 to 300 MPa for 3, 9, or 15 min) to elucidate their effects on proteins structures, the microenvironment, and the resulting functionalities of the subsequently heated products. To determine these effects, we investigated structural and microenvironmental changes using Raman spectroscopy and also expressible moisture content, textural characteristics, and dynamic rheological properties of batters during heating (20 to 80 °C). Untreated samples served as controls. Analysis of specific Raman spectral regions demonstrated that applications of HP to rabbit meat batters tended to induce the transformation of the all‐gauche S‐S conformation to gauche‐gauche‐trans in the batter system. HP treatment higher than 100 MPa for 9 min promoted secondary structural rearrangements, and molecular polarity enhancement in the proteins prior to cooking. Also, increases of O–H stretching intensities of rabbit meat sausages were obtained by HP treatment, denoting the strengthening of water‐holding capacity. These HP‐induced alterations resulted in improved texture and, perhaps, improved juiciness of rabbit meat sausages (P < 0.05), however they had relatively poorer rheological properties than the controls. Nevertheless, HP treatment, especially 200 MPa for 9 or 15 min, was an effective technique for improving the functionalities of gel‐type products through modification of meat proteins.
The Ungrateful Muse: Jonathan Swift's ‘A Panegyrick on the Dean’ and Other Poems
Authors: Cook Daniel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn indiscriminately allusive, aggressively intertextual poem, ‘A Panegyrick on the Dean, in the Person of a Lady in the North’, is both an audacious celebration of Swift's public life in writing and a mock‐panegyric that quietly, condescendingly, queries his own continued relevance as a political commentator during his retreat from Dublin. In foolhardily attempting to prolong his career by indoctrinating his ‘grateful’ young disciple, a confessed hater of books, in building an unseemly outhouse to mark his diminished value in Ireland and in refusing to be bettered by rival satirists, Swift ironically commemorates himself as a mere writer of libels.
A generalized definition of reactivity for ecological systems and the problem of transient species dynamics
Authors: Mari Lorenzo , Casagrandi Renato , Rinaldo Andrea , Gatto Marino 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPerturbations to an ecosystem's steady state can trigger transient responses of great ecological relevance. Asymptotic stability determines whether a generic perturbation will fade out in the long run, but falls short of characterizing the dynamics immediately after an equilibrium has been perturbed. Reactivity, traditionally defined as the maximum instantaneous growth rate of small perturbations to a stable steady state, is a simple yet powerful measure of the short‐term instability of a system as a whole. In many ecological applications, however, it could be important to focus on the reactivity properties of just some specific, problem‐dependent state variables, such as the abundance of a focal species engaged in interspecific competition, either predators or preys in a trophic community, or infectious individuals in disease transmission.We propose a generalized definition of reactivity (g‐reactivity) that allows to evaluate the differential contribution of the state space components to the transient behaviour of an ecological system following a perturbation. Our definition is based on the dynamic analysis of a system output, corresponding to an ecologically motivated linear transformation of the relevant state variables. We demonstrate that the g‐reactivity properties of an equilibrium are determined by the dominant eigenvalue of a Hermitian matrix that can be easily obtained from the Jacobian associated with the equilibrium and the system output transformation.As a testbed for our methodological framework, we analyse the g‐reactivity properties of simple spatially implicit metapopulation models of some prototypical ecological interactions, namely competition, predation and transmission of an infectious disease. We identify conditions for the temporary coexistence of an invader with a (possibly competitively superior) resident species, for transitory invasion of either prey or predator in otherwise predator‐ or prey‐dominated ecosystems, and for transient epidemic outbreaks.Through suitable examples, we show that characterizing the transient dynamics associated with an ecosystem's steady state can be, in some cases, as important as determining its asymptotic behaviour, from both theoretical and management perspective. Because g‐reactivity analysis can be performed for systems of any complexity in a relatively straightforward way, we conclude that it may represent a useful addition to the toolbox of quantitative ecologists.
Influence of scanning area on choroidal vascularity index measurement using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Agrawal Rupesh , Wei Xin , Goud Abhilash , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Jana Soumya , Chhablani Jay 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeRecently, choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is proposed as a novel tool to evaluate the choroidal vasculature. In this study, we investigate the impact of scanning area on CVI measurement using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsSpectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) using enhanced depth imaging mode was performed in 30 eyes from 15 normal subjects. Three scanning areas were compared: dingle foveal scan; central macular scans [scan passing through central 1000 microns circle on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid, inner circle]; and total macular cube scans. Binarization of OCT B‐scans and segmentation of the binarized choroid layer were achieved using a previously reported validated automated software. Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) percentage was calculated. Degree of agreement among foveal, central macular and total macular CVI was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and was plotted using Bland–Altman plot.ResultsThe mean CVI in subfoveal, central macular and total macular scans was 49.95 ± 4.84%, 50.00 ± 4.68% and 51.10 ± 4.63%, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was more than 0.8 for all three comparisons [subfoveal versus central macular CVI, ICC = 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84–0.96); central macular versus total macular CVI, ICC = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.96); subfoveal versus total macular CVI, ICC = 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95)]. No significant differences in variance (all p > 0.05) were noted among CVI measured from the three scanning areas.ConclusionChoroidal vascularity index (CVI) measurements were highly reproducible using subfoveal, central and total macular scans in healthy individuals. Single foveal scan choroidal vascularity represents total macular choroidal vascularity in healthy population.
Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Braithwaite Irene E. , Stewart Alistair W. , Hancox Robert J. , Murphy Rinki , Wall Clare R. , Beasley Richard , Mitchell Edwin A. ,   the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) and body mass index (BMI) in children (6–7 years) and adolescents (13–14 years).MethodsIn the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three, 75 895 children's parents and 199 502 adolescents answered questions relating to VPA, height and weight. The association between VPA and BMI was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index.ResultsCompared to children who undertook no VPA, those in the infrequent group (once or twice per week) and those in the frequent group (three or more times per week) had mean (95% CI) BMI values 0.07 kg/m2 (0.03–0.11) and 0.09 kg/m2 (0.03–0.15) greater, respectively (p = 0.001). Compared to adolescents reporting no VPA, those in the infrequent group had a BMI 0.19 kg/m2 (0.15–0.23) greater while those in the frequent group had a BMI 0.01 kg/m2 (−0.03–0.05) greater (p < 0.0001).ConclusionReported VPA is not associated with lower BMI among children and adolescents. Investigation of VPA and BMI may be best undertaken in conjunction with other variables in the energy expenditure equation. A focus on VPA alone may be an inefficient way to manage BMI.
Serum level of C‐reactive protein on postoperative day 3 is a predictive indicator of postoperative pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Saito Hiroaki , Murakami Yuki , Kuroda Hirohiko , Fukumoto Yoji , Osaki Tomohiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. It is vitally important to detect signs of POPF in the early postoperative period and perform adequate management to avoid patient death. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive indicators of POPF after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.MethodsThe current study included 197 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy between January 2010 and December 2014 in our hospital.ResultNine patients (5.6%) developed POPF of grade III or higher according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. There was no statistical difference between POPF and various clinicopathological indicators, including age, gender, BMI, extent of lymph node dissection, and operative procedure. With respect to postoperative laboratory data, however, the serum level of C‐reactive protein on postoperative day 3 was significantly related to the development of POPF. Receiver–operating characteristic analysis indicated that optimal cut‐off value of the serum level of C‐reactive protein on postoperative day 3 was 17.0 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 74.0, specificity of 88.0, positive predictive value of 0.14, and negative predictive value of 0.99.ConclusionAn elevated C‐reactive protein level on postoperative day 3 can help physicians predict the likelihood of POPF and facilitate decision making regarding prompt clinical evaluation and therapeutic approaches for POPF.
Impact of irritability: a 2‐year observational study of outpatients with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Berk Lesley , Hallam Karen T , Venugopal Kamalesh , Lewis Andrew James , Austin David W , Kulkarni Jayashri , Dodd Seetal , de Castella Anthony , Fitzgerald Paul B , Berk Michael 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesMany people experience irritability when manic, hypomanic, or depressed, yet its impact on illness severity and quality of life in bipolar and schizoaffective disorders is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between irritability and symptom burden, functioning, quality of life, social support, suicidality, and overall illness severity in a naturalistic cohort of people with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder.MethodsWe used data from 239 adult outpatients with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder in the Bipolar Comprehensive Outcomes Study (BCOS) – a non‐interventional observational study with a 2‐year follow‐up period. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants with and without irritability were compared. A mixed‐model repeated measures analysis was conducted to examine the longitudinal effect of irritability on clinical and quality‐of‐life variables over follow‐up using significant baseline variables.ResultsAt baseline, 54% of participants were irritable. Baseline irritability was associated with illness severity, mania, depression, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, poor functioning, and quality of life, but not diagnosis (schizoaffective/bipolar disorder). Participants with irritability were less likely to have a partner and perceived less adequate social support. On average, over follow‐up, those with irritability reported more symptoms, functional impairment, and suicidality. Furthermore, the effects of irritability could not be fully explained by illness severity.ConclusionsIrritability was associated with more negative symptomatic, functional, and quality‐of‐life outcomes and suicidality. The identification, monitoring, and targeted treatment of irritability may be worth considering, to enhance health and wellbeing outcomes for adults with bipolar and schizoaffective disorders.
Longitudinal differences in white matter integrity in youth at high familial risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Ganzola Rossana , Nickson Thomas , Bastin Mark E , Giles Stephen , Macdonald Alix , Sussmann Jessika , McIntosh Andrew M , Whalley Heather C , Duchesne Simon 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesPrevious neuroimaging studies have reported abnormalities in white matter (WM) pathways in subjects at high familial risk of mood disorders. In the current study, we examined the trajectory of these abnormalities during the early stages of illness development using longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.MethodsSubjects (16−28 years old) were recruited in the Scottish Bipolar Family Study, a prospective longitudinal study that has examined individuals at familial risk of mood disorder on three occasions, 2 years apart. The current study concerns imaging data from the first and second assessments. We analysed DTI data for 43 controls and 69 high‐risk individuals who were further subdivided into a group of 53 high‐risk subjects who remained well (high‐risk well) and 16 who met diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (high‐risk MDD) at follow‐up. Longitudinal differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between groups based on diagnostic status were investigated using the tract‐based spatial statistics technique (TBSS).ResultsWe found a significant reduction in FA (Pcorr<.05) across widespread brain regions over 2 years in all three groups. The trajectory of FA reduction did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there are similar trajectories of FA reductions for controls and high‐risk young adults, despite high‐risk individuals being at a disadvantaged starting point considering their reduced WM integrity detected at baseline in previous studies. Difference in WM integrity between high‐risk individuals and controls could therefore occur in earlier childhood and be a necessary but not sufficient condition to develop future mood disorders.
Mast cells mediate early neutrophil recruitment and exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties via the formyl peptide receptor 2/lipoxin A4 receptor
Authors: Hughes Ellen L , Becker Felix , Flower Roderick J , Buckingham Julia C , Gavins Felicity N E 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeIn recent years, studies have focused on the resolution of inflammation, which can be achieved by endogenous anti‐inflammatory agonists such as Annexin A1 (AnxA1). Here, we investigated the effects of mast cells (MCs) on early LPS‐induced neutrophil recruitment and the involvement of the AnxA1‐formyl peptide receptor 2/ALX (FPR2/ALX or lipoxin A4 receptor) pathway.Experimental ApproachIntravital microscopy (IVM) was used to visualize and quantify the effects of LPS (10 μg per mouse i.p.) on murine mesenteric cellular interactions. Furthermore, the role that MCs play in these inflammatory responses was determined in vivo and in vitro, and effects of AnxA1 mimetic peptide Ac2‐26 were assessed.Key ResultsLPS increased both neutrophil endothelial cell interactions within the mesenteric microcirculation and MC activation (determined by IVM and ruthenium red dye uptake), which in turn lead to the early stages of neutrophil recruitment. MC recruitment of neutrophils could be blocked by preventing the pro‐inflammatory activation (using cromolyn sodium) or enhancing an anti‐inflammatory phenotype (using Ac2‐26) in MCs. Furthermore, MCs induced neutrophil migration in vitro, and MC stabilization enhanced the release of AnxA1 from neutrophils. Pharmacological approaches (such as the administration of FPR pan‐antagonist Boc2, or the FPR2/ALX antagonist WRW4) revealed neutrophil FPR2/ALX to be important in this process.Conclusions and ImplicationsData presented here provide evidence for a role of MCs, which are ideally positioned in close proximity to the vasculature, to act as sentinel cells in neutrophil extravasation and resolution of inflammation via the AnxA1‐FPR2/ALX pathway.
Airway epithelial cells enhance the immunogenicity of human myeloid dendritic cells under steady state
Authors: Agrawal S , Srivastava R , Rahmatpanah F , Madiraju C , BenMohamed L , Agrawal A 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDendritic cells (DCs) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) are in close proximity, and AECs secrete factors such as retinoic acid which induce tolerance in DCs at homeostasis. However, the question remains as to how DCs in the lung are able to respond to pathogens in the immunosuppressive environment. Using an in vitro human myeloid DC (mDC)-AEC co-culture system, we demonstrate that AECs induced several gene changes in the mDCs cultured with AECs compared to the mDCs not cultured with AECs. Analysis revealed that several chemokine genes were altered. These chemokine genes could serve to attract neutrophils, natural killer (NK) T as well as T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells to the airways. Genes priming lipid and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation were also up-regulated, along with certain anti-microbial protein genes. In addition, the expression and function of pathogen-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and their downstream signalling molecules were up-regulated in mDCs cultured with AECs. Moreover, murine mucosal DCs from the lung expressed significantly higher levels of TLRs and NLRs compared to peripheral DCs from the spleen. These results indicate that AECs prime mDCs to enhance their immunogenicity, which could be one of the mechanisms that compensates for the immunosuppressive mucosal environment.
Parenting and child experiences in shelter: A qualitative study exploring the effect of homelessness on the parent–child relationship
Authors: Anthony Elizabeth R. , Vincent Aviva , Shin Yoonkyung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDepending on the data source, between half a million and 2.48 million children in families experience homelessness each year in the United States. Recent data suggest that approximately half of all homeless children are under the age of 6. A considerable body of quantitative research has documented the occurrence of poor outcomes associated with childhood homelessness in the domains of social–emotional development, physical and behavioral health, academic achievement, and family stability. This qualitative study presents results from 19 interviewers with formerly homeless parents reflecting upon how the experience of being homeless affected their young children and their ability to parent. Findings are contextualized within an attachment perspective. Parental reported effects included confusion, sadness, anxiety or depression, withdrawal, lack of appetite, aggression, and disregard for authority. Parents also talked about the disempowering experience of parenting while in shelter. Unexpectedly, parents of infants said their children were not affected by homelessness, and few parents identified the need for mental health services for their children. The experiences of parents with whom we spoke provide invaluable insight into what shelter staff, social service agencies, philanthropy, policymakers, and researchers can do to support and respect the parent–child relationship in families who are experiencing homelessness.