bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does ticker fluency matter?
Authors: Peterburgsky Stanley 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether investors prefer stocks with more linguistically fluent tickers (MAK, SOM) to those with less linguistically fluent tickers (WQH, JZU) in an experimental setting.

Design/methodology/approach
The author conducts an experiment in which a choice of two hypothetical investments with linguistically fluent and non-fluent tickers is presented to survey participants, who are asked to choose the preferred investment (or indicate that they are indifferent between the investments).

Findings
Consistent with investor rationality, survey results indicate that, for both riskless and risky investments, individuals do not exhibit differential preferences for stocks with pronounceable vs unpronounceable tickers. Additionally, individuals are not willing to pay more for former vs latter stocks.

Originality/value
A potential implication is that corporate boards should not attribute high importance to ticker fluency.
Cumulative stress restricts niche filling potential of habitat‐forming kelps in a future climate
Authors: King Nathan G. , Wilcockson David C. , Webster Richard , Smale Dan A. , Hoelters Laura S. , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractClimate change is driving range contractions and local population extinctions across the globe. When this affects ecosystem engineers the vacant niches left behind are likely to alter the wider ecosystem unless a similar species can fulfil them.Here, we explore the stress physiology of two coexisting kelps undergoing opposing range shifts in the Northeast Atlantic and discuss what differences in stress physiology may mean for future niche filling.We used chlorophyll florescence (Fv/Fm) and differentiation of the heat shock response (HSR) to determine the capacity of the expanding kelp, Laminaria ochroleuca, to move into the higher shore position of the retreating kelp,Laminaria digitata. We applied both single and consecutive exposures to immersed and emersed high and low temperature treatments, replicating low tide exposures experienced in summer and winter.No interspecific differences in HSR were observed which was surprising given the species’ different biogeographic distributions. However, chlorophyll florescence revealed clear differences between species withL. ochroleucabetter equipped to tolerate high immersed temperatures but showed little capacity to tolerate frosts or high emersion temperatures.Many patterns observed were only apparent after consecutive exposures. Such cumulative effects have largely been overlooked in tolerance experiments on intertidal organisms despite being more representative of the stress experienced in natural habitats. We therefore suggest future experiments incorporate consecutive stress into their design.Climate change is predicted to result in fewer ground frosts and increased summer temperatures. Therefore,L. ochroleucamay be released from its summer cold limit in winter but still be prevented from moving up the shore due to desiccation in the summer.Laminaria ochroleucawill, however, likely be able to move into tidal pools. Therefore, only partial niche filling byL. ochroleucawill be possible in this system as climate change advances.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Why are some plant–pollinator networks more nested than others?
Authors: Song Chuliang , Rohr Rudolf P. , Saavedra Serguei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Empirical studies have found that the mutualistic interactions forming the structure of plant–pollinator networks are typically more nested than expected by chance alone. Additionally, theoretical studies have shown a positive association between the nested structure of mutualistic networks and community persistence. Yet, it has been shown that some plant–pollinator networks may be more nested than others, raising the interesting question of which factors are responsible for such enhanced nested structure.

It has been argued that ordered network structures may increase the persistence of ecological communities under less predictable environments. This suggests that nested structures of plant–pollinator networks could be more advantageous under highly seasonal environments. While several studies have investigated the link between nestedness and various environmental variables, unfortunately, there has been no unified answer to validate these predictions. Here, we move from the problem of describing network structures to the problem of comparing network structures. We develop comparative statistics, and apply them to investigate the association between the nested structure of 59 plant–pollinator networks and the temperature seasonality present in their locations.

We demonstrate that higher levels of nestedness are associated with a higher temperature seasonality. We show that the previous lack of agreement came from an extended practice of using standardized measures of nestedness that cannot be compared across different networks.

Importantly, our observations complement theory showing that more nested network structures can increase the range of environmental conditions compatible with species coexistence in mutualistic systems, also known as structural stability. This increase in nestedness should be more advantageous and occur more often in locations subject to random environmental perturbations, which could be driven by highly changing or seasonal environments. This synthesis of theory and observations could prove relevant for a better understanding of the ecological processes driving the assembly and persistence of ecological communities.
Ain't Talkin' ‘Bout Gentrification: The Erasure of Alternative Idioms of Displacement Resulting from Anglo‐American Academic Hegemony
Authors: Smart Alan , Smart Josephine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe concept of gentrification has become stretched, both conceptually and geographically, in ways that both erode its utility and displace alternative ways of understanding the displacement of lower‐income people by urban transformation. Among the negative consequences that we consider is that the resulting pressure to reframe analysis in terms of gentrification reinforces Anglo‐American academic hegemony and increases the difficulty of introducing more appropriate theoretical approaches from scholars in, and of, the global South. We draw on the anthropological concepts of emic and etic analysis to illustrate the dangers of such erasure and displacement of alternative frames of understanding. At the same time, the theoretical extension of the concept of gentrification to replace alternative ways of thinking about the displacement of lower income populations, such as ‘urban renewal’, has reduced the analytical utility of gentrification itself by confusing different mechanisms by which this is achieved. We illustrate the problems through consideration of the sustained tradition of work on displacement in Hong Kong using other conceptual frames. We encourage greater openness to alternative critical traditions that offer insights into the dislocation of poorer urban populations.
Institutionalization of ‘The Property Mind’
Authors: Haila Anne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis essay discusses the idea of ‘the culture of property’ and whether it combines the economic and cultural explanations of gentrification. To explore the idea of a culture of property in the case of Singapore, it examines both what motivates Singaporeans to invest in real estate (e.g. nostalgic feelings, duty, guilt, moral economy, face, filial piety towards ancestors and a way to remember their origins as reasons for investing in properties in China), and the institutions in the property state of Singapore (e.g. the possibility of owning and selling public housing, collective sales legislation that encourages collective profitmaking and the pension system) that increase Singaporeans' appetite for property and make them watchers of the property market. Lastly, the essay discusses the consciousness of evictions and of class differences and notes the random and unfair nature of the property market. It ends with a call for further research on real estate and property development, and their role in increasing urban inequality.
Motives of corporate political donations: industry regulation, subjective judgement and the origins of pragmatic and ideological corporations
Authors: Harrigan Nicholas M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhat motivates corporate political action? Are corporations motivated by their own narrow economic self‐interest; are they committed to pursuing larger class interests; or are corporations instruments for status groups to pursue their own agendas? Sociologists have been divided over this question for much of the last century. This paper introduces a novel case – that of Australia – and an extensive dataset of over 1,500 corporations and 7,500 directors. The paper attempts to understand the motives of corporate political action by examining patterns of corporate political donations. Using statistical modelling, supported by qualitative evidence, the paper argues that, in the Australian case, corporate political action is largely motivated by the narrow economic self‐interest of individual corporations. Firms’ interests are, consistent with regulatory environment theory, defined by the nature of government regulation in their industry: those in highly regulated industries (such as banking) and those dependent on government support (such as defence) tend to adopt a strategy of hedging their political support, and make bipartisan donations (to both major parties). In contrast, firms facing hostile regulation (such as timber or mining), and those without strong dependence on state support (such as small companies) tend to adopt a strategy of conservative partisanship, and make conservative‐only donations. This paper argues that regulatory environment theory needs to be modified to incorporate greater emphasis on the subjective political judgements of corporations facing hostile regulation: a corporation's adoption of conservative partisanship or hedging is not just a product of the objective regulation they face, but also whether corporate leaders judge such regulation as politically inevitable or something that can be resisted. Such a judgement is highly subjective, introducing a dynamic and unpredictable dimension to corporate political action.
Estimation of Population Average Treatment Effects in the FIRST Trial: Application of a Propensity Score‐Based Stratification Approach
Authors: Chung Jeanette W. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Stulberg Jonah J. , Quinn Christopher M. , Hedges Larry V. 
Published: August 2017

Objective/Study QuestionTo estimate and compare sample average treatment effects (SATE) and population average treatment effects (PATE) of a resident duty hour policy change on patient and resident outcomes using data from the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees Trial (“FIRST Trial”).Data Sources/Study SettingSecondary data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the FIRST Trial (2014–2015).Study DesignThe FIRST Trial was a cluster‐randomized pragmatic noninferiority trial designed to evaluate the effects of a resident work hour policy change to permit greater flexibility in scheduling on patient and resident outcomes. We estimated hierarchical logistic regression models to estimate the SATE of a policy change on outcomes within an intent‐to‐treat framework. Propensity score‐based poststratification was used to estimate PATE.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of previously collected data.Principal FindingsAlthough SATE estimates suggested noninferiority of outcomes under flexible duty hour policy versus standard policy, the noninferiority of a policy change was inconclusively noninferior based on PATE estimates due to imprecision.ConclusionsPropensity score‐based poststratification can be valuable tools to address trial generalizability but may yield imprecise estimates of PATE when sparse strata exist.
Psychometric Testing of INTEGRARE, an Instrument for the Assesment of Pressure Ulcer Risk in Inpatients
Authors: Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María , Romero‐Castillo Rocío , Fernández‐García Elena , Barrientos‐Trigo Sergio 
Published: August 2017

PURPOSEThe aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of INTEGRARE, an instrument based on Nursing Outcome Classification.METHODA multicenter, cross‐sectional, methodological design was used.FINDINGSThe study included 3,835 patients. Internal consistency α = 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the unidimensionality of the scale, indicating a good model fit (CMIN/DF = 4; GFI, CFI, NFI, IFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.028).CONCLUSIONSINTEGRARE is a valid and reliable instrument with high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in measuring pressure ulcer (PU) risk in inpatients.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThis instrument allows us to know the effectiveness of nursing interventions, providing evidence for the validation of the diagnosis Risk for pressure ulcer (00249) as well as on health outcomes, due to the fact that PUs are nursing‐sensitive outcomes.OBJETIVOEvaluar las propiedades psicométricas de INTEGRARE, un instrumento basado en la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería.MÉTODOSe optó por un diseño transversal multicéntrico.RESULTADOSEl estudio incluyó a 3,835 pacientes. Consistencia interna α = 0.86. El análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró la unidimensionalidad de la escala, indicando un buen ajuste del modelo (CMIN/DF = 4; GFI, CFI, NFI, IFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.028).CONCLUSIONESINTEGRARE es un instrumento válido y fiable con alta sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión diagnóstica en la medición de riesgo de úlcera por presión (UPP) en pacientes hospitalizados. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA ENFERMERA: Este instrumento nos permite conocer la efectividad de las intervenciones enfermeras, aportando evidencia para la validación del diagnóstico Riesgo de úlcera por presión (00249), así como sobre los resultados de salud, debido a que las UPP son resultados sensibles a la práctica enfermera.
National surgical mortality audit may be associated with reduced mortality after emergency admission
Authors: Kiermeier Andreas , Babidge Wendy J. , McCulloch Glenn A. J. , Maddern Guy J. , Watters David A. , Aitken R. James 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe Western Australian Audit of Surgical Mortality was established in 2002. A 10‐year analysis suggested it was the primary driver in the subsequent fall in surgeon‐related mortality. Between 2004 and 2010 the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons established mortality audits in other states. The aim of this study was to examine national data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) to determine if a similar fall in mortality was observed across Australia.MethodThe AIHW collects procedure and outcome data for all surgical admissions. AIHW data from 2005/2006 to 2012/2013 was used to assess changes in surgical mortality.ResultsOver the 8 years surgical admissions increased by 23%, while mortality fell by 18% and the mortality per admission fell by 33% (P < 0.0001). A similar decrease was seen in all regions. The mortality reduction was overwhelmingly observed in elderly patients admitted as an emergency.ConclusionThe commencement of this nation‐wide mortality audit was associated with a sharp decline in perioperative mortality. In the absence of any influences from other changes in clinical governance or new quality programmes it is probable it had a causal effect. The reduced mortality was most evident in high‐risk patients. This study adds to the evidence that national audits are associated with improved outcomes.
Propensity score method for analyzing the effect of labor induction in prolonged pregnancy
Authors: Pyykönen Aura , Tapper Anna‐Maija , Gissler Mika , Haukka Jari , Petäjä Jari , Lehtonen Lasse 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionThere is an ongoing debate on the optimal time of labor induction to reduce the risks associated with prolonged pregnancy.Material and methodsRegistry‐based study of 212 716 term, singleton cephalic deliveries between 2006 and 2012 in Finland comparing the outcomes of labor induction with those of expectant management in five, three‐day gestational age periods between 40 and 42 weeks (group 1: 40+0–40+2; group 2: 40+3–40+5; group 3: 40+6–41+1; group 4: 41+2–41+4; group 5: 41+5–42+0). Using Poisson regression, induced deliveries in each of the gestational age periods were compared with all ongoing pregnancies. Propensity score matching was applied to reduce confounding by indication.ResultsIn the gestational age groups 1 and 2, labor induction significantly decreased the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome [relative risk (RR) 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.91 (group 1), RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.91 (group 2)] but increased the risk for prolonged hospitalization of a neonate [RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10‐1.54 (group 1) and RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.47 (group 2)]. In groups 3 and 4, labor induction significantly increased the risk for emergency cesarean section [RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.28 (group 3) and RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.29 (group 4)] but still reduced the risk for meconium aspiration syndrome. In group 5, labor induction did not affect the risk for any of the studied outcomes (operative delivery, obstetric trauma, neonatal mortality, respirator treatment, Apgar <7).ConclusionsPropensity score matching is a novel approach to studying the effect of labor induction. It highlighted the conflicting maternal and neonatal risks and benefits of the intervention, and supported expectant management as a valid option, at least until close to 42 weeks.
The Pharmacogenetics of Metformin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Pedersen Andreas J. T. , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Glintborg Dorte , Andersen Marianne , Christensen Mette Marie Hougaard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. PCOS is associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, and metformin treatment may improve such metabolic features. The effect of genetic variants in key metformin transporters, their transcriptional regulators or in metformin target genes on metformin response in women with PCOS is unclear. Associations between pharmacodynamic responses to metformin (changes in weight, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity evaluated by oral glucose tolerance testing) and polymorphisms in OCT1 (rs12208357 and rs72552763), HNF1A (rs1169288 and rs2464196), MATE1 (rs2289669 and rs2252281), MATE2‐K (rs12943590) and ATM (rs11212617) were studied in 40 women with PCOS randomized to 12 months of treatment with metformin 1000 mg twice daily ± oral contraceptive pills (150 μg desogestrel + 30 μg ethinylestradiol). In the entire study population, treatment was associated with reduced weight (median weight change −2.4 kg, 25th–75th percentile −5.2 to 0.3 kg, p < 0.001) and increased triglycerides (0.2 mmol/L (0.0–0.6 mmol/L), p < 0.01) without significant changes in other lipid parameters or insulin sensitivity (insulinAUC, glucoseAUC during OGTT). None of the evaluated polymorphisms significantly affected any treatment outcome. In conclusion, the genetic variants investigated were not crucial for the clinical response to metformin in PCOS.
Analysis of survival for patients with chronic kidney disease primarily related to renal cancer surgery
Authors: Wu Jitao , Suk‐Ouichai Chalairat , Dong Wen , Antonio Elvis Caraballo , Derweesh Ithaar H. , Lane Brian R. , Demirjian Sevag , Li Jianbo , Campbell Steven C. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate predictors of long‐term survival for patients with chronic kidney disease primarily due to surgery (CKD‐S). Patients with CKD‐S have generally good survival that approximates patients who do not have CKD even after renal cancer surgery (RCS), yet there may be heterogeneity within this cohort.Patients and MethodsFrom 1997 to 2008, 4 246 patients underwent RCS at our centre. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up was 9.4 (7.3–11.0) years. New baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was defined as highest GFR between nadir and 6 weeks after RCS. We retrospectively evaluated three cohorts: no‐CKD (new baseline GFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2); CKD‐S (new baseline GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but preoperative GFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2); and CKD due to medical aetiologies who then require RCS (CKD‐M/S, preoperative and new baseline GFR both <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Analysis focused primarily on non‐renal cancer‐related survival (NRCRS) for the CKD‐S cohort. Kaplan–Meier analysis assessed the longitudinal impact of new baseline GFR (45–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs <45 mL/min/1.73 m2) and Cox regression evaluated relative impact of preoperative GFR, new baseline GFR, and relevant demographics/comorbidities.ResultsOf the 4 246 patients who underwent RCS, 931 had CKD‐S and 1 113 had CKD‐M/S, whilst 2 202 had no‐CKD even after RCS. Partial/radical nephrectomy (PN/RN) was performed in 54%/46% of the patients, respectively. For CKD‐S, 641 patients had a new baseline GFR of 45–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 290 had a new baseline GFR of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly reduced NRCRS for patients with CKD‐S with a GFR of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared to those with no‐CKD or CKD‐S with a GFR of 45–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (both P ≤ 0.004), and competing risk analysis confirmed this (P < 0.001). Age, gender, heart disease, and new baseline GFR were all associated independently with NRCRS for patients with CKD‐S (all P ≤ 0.02).ConclusionOur data suggest that CKD‐S is heterogeneous, and patients with a reduced new baseline GFR have compromised survival, particularly if <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Our findings may have implications regarding choice of PN/RN in patients at risk of developing CKD‐S.
Tree functional diversity affects litter decomposition and arthropod community composition in a tropical forest
Authors: Laird‐Hopkins Benita C. , Bréchet Laëtitia M. , Trujillo Biancolini C. , Sayer Emma J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDisturbance can alter tree species and functional diversity in tropical forests, which in turn could affect carbon and nutrient cycling via the decomposition of plant litter. However, the influence of tropical tree diversity on forest floor organisms and the processes they mediate are far from clear. We investigated the influence of different litter mixtures on arthropod communities and decomposition processes in a 60‐year‐old lowland tropical forest in Panama, Central America. We used litter mixtures representing pioneer and old growth tree species in experimental mesocosms to assess the links between litter types, decomposition rates, and litter arthropod communities. Overall, pioneer species litter decomposed most rapidly and old growth species litter decomposed the slowest but there were clear non‐additive effects of litter mixtures containing both functional groups. We observed distinct arthropod communities in different litter mixtures at 6 mo, with greater arthropod diversity and abundance in litter from old growth forest species. By comparing the decay of different litter mixtures in mesocosms and conventional litterbags, we demonstrated that our mesocosms represent an effective approach to link studies of litter decomposition and arthropod communities. Our results indicate that changes in the functional diversity of litter could have wider implications for arthropod communities and ecosystem functioning in tropical forests.