bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NuSTAR EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEYS: THE NUMBER COUNTS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND THE RESOLVED FRACTION OF THE COSMIC X-RAY BACKGROUND
Authors: Harrison F. A. , Aird J. , Civano F. , Lansbury G. , Mullaney J. R. , Ballantyne D. R. , Alexander D. M. , Stern D. , Ajello M. , Barret D. , Bauer F. E. , Baloković M. , Brandt W. N. , Brightman M. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Comastri A. , Craig W. W. , Moro A. Del , Forster K. , Gandhi P. , Giommi P. , Grefenstette B. W. , Hailey C. J. , Hickox R. C. , Hornstrup A. , Kitaguchi T. , Koglin J. , Luo B. , Madsen K. K. , Mao P. H. , Miyasaka H. , Mori K. , Perri M. , Pivovaroff M. , Puccetti S. , Rana V. , Treister E. , Walton D. , Westergaard N. J. , Wik D. , Zappacosta L. , Zhang W. W. , Zoglauer A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the 3–8 keV and 8–24 keV number counts of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) identified in the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) extragalactic surveys. NuSTAR has now resolved 33%–39% of the X-ray background in the 8–24 keV band, directly identifying AGNs with obscuring columns up to

. In the softer 3–8 keV band the number counts are in general agreement with those measured by XMM-Newton and Chandra over the flux range

S(3–8 keV)/

probed by NuSTAR. In the hard 8–24 keV band NuSTAR probes fluxes over the range

S(8–24 keV)/

, a factor ∼100 fainter than previous measurements. The 8–24 keV number counts match predictions from AGN population synthesis models, directly confirming the existence of a population of obscured and/or hard X-ray sources inferred from the shape of the integrated cosmic X-ray background. The measured NuSTAR counts lie significantly above simple extrapolation with a Euclidian slope to low flux of the Swift/BAT 15–55 keV number counts measured at higher fluxes (S(15–55 keV) ≳ 10−11

), reflecting the evolution of the AGN population between the Swift/BAT local (

) sample and NuSTAR’s

sample. CXB synthesis models, which account for AGN evolution, lie above the Swift/BAT measurements, suggesting that they do not fully capture the evolution of obscured AGNs at low redshifts.
India Biodiversity Portal: An integrated, interactive and participatory biodiversity informatics platform
Authors: Vattakaven Thomas , George Rohit , Balasubramanian Dhandapani , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Muthusankar Gowrappan , Ramesh Brahmasamudra , Prabhakar R 
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a growing biodiversity platform, launched in 2008, which organizes knowledge on the biodiversity of India. The main objective and originality of the India Biodiversity Portal (IBP) is to aggregate curated biodiversity data of different kinds (e.g. distribution maps, temporal distribution or life history) in an integrated platform where amateurs and experts can easily interact.
Since its launch, the platform has seen an exceptional increase in both user activity and biodiversity data. Currently the portal has descriptions of over 20,400 species, and has aggregated approximately 1,280,000 observations covering more than 30,000 species, which already constitutes a unique source of information for scientists and stakeholders in conservation. Over 8500 users have registered on the portal. The amount of data generated and to be generated in the next few years by this portal will certainly help the effective implementation of biodiversity conservation and management in one of the most ecologically diverse countries in the world.
Blended Learning in Obstetrics and Gynecology Resident Education: Impact on Resident Clinical Performance
Authors: Ghareeb Allen , Han Heeyoung , Delfino Kristin , Ajayi Funminiyi 
Published: November 2016

Problem Effects of residents’ blended learning on their clinical performance have rarely been reported. A blended learning pilot program was instituted at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine's Obstetrics and Gynecology program. One of the modules was chronic hypertension in pregnancy. We sought to evaluate if the resident blended learning was transferred to their clinical performance six months after the module. Intervention A review of patient charts demonstrated inadequate documentation of history, evaluation, and counseling of patients with chronic hypertension at the first prenatal visit by Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) residents. A blended learning module on chronic hypertension in pregnancy was then provided to the residents. A retrospective chart review was then performed to assess behavioral changes in the OB/GYN residents. Context This intervention was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University. All 16 OB/GYN residents were enrolled in this module as part of their educational curriculum. A query of all prenatal patients diagnosed with chronic hypertension presenting to the OB/GYN resident clinics four months prior to the implementation of the blended learning module (March 2015–June 2015) and six months after (July 20, 2015–February 2016) was performed. Data were collected from outpatient charts utilizing the electronic medical record. Data were abstracted from resident documentation at the first prenatal visit. Outcome The residents thought that the blended learning module was applicable to performance improvement in the real-world setting. Patients evaluated before ( n = 10) and after ( n = 7) the intervention were compared. After the intervention, there was an increase in assessment of baseline liver enzymes, referral for electrocardiogram, and early assessment for diabetes in the obese patients. More patients were provided a blood pressure cuff after the module (71.4% vs. 20%). Data were provided to the residents in an informal setting. Discussion during this session suggested that inconsistent use of the algorithm and incomplete documentation were reasons for the findings. Lessons Learned This study suggests that blended learning may be a viable tool to support sustained changes in the performance of OB/GYN residents. Scheduled follow-up should be employed to facilitate and ensure continued learning and behavioral changes.
Downstream ecosystem responses to middle reach regulation of river discharge
in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wei Yongping , Li Shoubo , Wu Bingfang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Understanding the oasis ecosystem responses to upstream regulation is a challenge for catchment management in the context of ecological restoration. This empirical study aimed to understand how oasis ecosystems, including water, natural vegetation and cultivated land, responded to the implementation of the Ecological Water Diversion Project (EWDP) in the Heihe River in China. The annual Landsat images from 1987 to 2015 were firstly used to characterize the spatial extent, frequency index and fractional coverage (for vegetation only) of these three oasis ecosystems and their relationships with hydrological (river discharge) and climatic variables (regional temperature and precipitation) were explored with linear regression models. The results show that river regulation of the middle reaches identified by the discharge allocation to the downstream basin experiences three stages, namely decreasing inflow (1987–1999), increasing inflow (2000–2007) and relative stable inflow (2008–2015). Both the current and previous years' combined inflow determines the surface area of the terminal lake (R2  =  0.841). Temperature has the most significant role in determining broad vegetation distribution, whereas hydrological variables had a significant effect only in near-river-channel regions. Agricultural development since the execution of the EWDP might have curtailed further vegetation recovery. These findings are important for the catchment managers' decisions about future water allocation plans.
Fully probabilistic seismic source inversion – Part 2: Modelling errors and station covariances
Authors: Stähler Simon C. , Sigloch Karin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Seismic source inversion, a central task in seismology, is concerned with the estimation of earthquake source parameters and their uncertainties. Estimating uncertainties is particularly challenging because source inversion is a non-linear problem. In a companion paper, Stähler and Sigloch (2014) developed a method of fully Bayesian inference for source parameters, based on measurements of waveform cross-correlation between broadband, teleseismic body-wave observations and their modelled counterparts. This approach yields not only depth and moment tensor estimates but also source time functions. A prerequisite for Bayesian inference is the proper characterisation of the noise afflicting the measurements, a problem we address here. We show that, for realistic broadband body-wave seismograms, the systematic error due to an incomplete physical model affects waveform misfits more strongly than random, ambient background noise. In this situation, the waveform cross-correlation coefficient CC, or rather its decorrelation D = 1 − CC, performs more robustly as a misfit criterion than ℓp norms, more commonly used as sample-by-sample measures of misfit based on distances between individual time samples. From a set of over 900 user-supervised, deterministic earthquake source solutions treated as a quality-controlled reference, we derive the noise distribution on signal decorrelation D = 1 − CC of the broadband seismogram fits between observed and modelled waveforms. The noise on D is found to approximately follow a log-normal distribution, a fortunate fact that readily accommodates the formulation of an empirical likelihood function for D for our multivariate problem. The first and second moments of this multivariate distribution are shown to depend mostly on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the CC measurements and on the back-azimuthal distances of seismic stations. By identifying and quantifying this likelihood function, we make D and thus waveform cross-correlation measurements usable for fully probabilistic sampling strategies, in source inversion and related applications such as seismic tomography.
Revision of the subgenus Orphnus (Phornus) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Orphninae)
Authors: Frolov Andrey V. , Akhmetova Lilia A. 
Published: November 2016

The Afrotropical subgenus Phornus Paulian, 1948 of the genus Orphnus MacLeay, 1819 is revised and currently comprises six species. Four new species are described: Orphnus renaudi sp. nov., Orphnus valeriae sp. nov., Orphnus ferrierei sp. nov. and Orphnus parastrangulatus sp. nov. The subgenus is characterized by the coarse stridulatory field, sclerotized plate on the second abdominal sternite near plectrum, absence of the pronotal lateral processes in males, rounded apices of the parameres and endophallus without armature, although some of these characters differ in O. giganteus Paulian, 1948. Symphysocery is reported for the first time for members of the Orphninae. In O. giganteus, the majority of specimens have malformed antennomeres. Four of the six species of Phornus are brachypterous and all species except for O. giganteus are known only from males. A key to Phornus species and a map of their localities are provided.
Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection and Antibody-Mediated Rejection on Lung Transplant Biopsies: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Aisner Dara L. , Allen Timothy Craig , Aubry Marie Christine , Barrios Roberto J. , Beasley Mary B. , Cagle Philip T. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Dacic Sanja , Ge Yimin , Hariri Lida P. , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Miller Ross A. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Moreira Andre L. , Raparia Kirtee , Rekhtman Natasha , Sholl Lynette , Smith Maxwell L. , Tsao Ming S. , Vivero Marina , Yatabe Yasushi , Yi Eunhee S. 
Published: November 2016

Context.—The diagnosis and grading of acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in lung allograft biopsies is important because rejection can lead to acute graft dysfunction and/or failure and may contribute to chronic graft failure. While acute cellular rejection is well defined histologically, no reproducible specific features of AMR are currently identified. Therefore, a combination of clinical features, serology, histopathology, and immunologic findings is suggested for the diagnosis of AMR.Objective.—To describe the perspective of members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society (PPS) on the workup of lung allograft transbronchial biopsy and the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection and AMR in lung transplant.Data Sources.—Reports by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), experience of members of PPS who routinely review lung allograft biopsies, and search of literature database (PubMed).Conclusions.—Acute cellular rejection should be assessed and graded according to the 2007 working formulation of the ISHLT. As currently no specific features are known for AMR in lung allografts, the triple test (clinical allograft dysfunction, donor-specific antibodies, pathologic findings) should be used for its diagnosis. C4d staining might be performed when morphologic, clinical, and/or serologic features suggestive of AMR are identified.
L’introuvable authenticité du récit ouvrier
Authors: Grenouillet Corinne 
Published: November 2016

Partant de la définition de l’authentiqueécrivain prolétarien donnée par Henry Poulaille dans les années 1930, cet article s’interroge sur la pérennité et la validité d’une telle conception aujourd’hui. Il est demandé à l’auteur ouvrier deraconter, detémoigner— et cette demande sociale, parfois explicitée, est tout d’abord replacée dans « l’ère du témoin » ou du « storytelling ». Or, il s’avère d’une part que la plupart des récits ouvriers publiés au tournant duxxiesiècle privilégient d’autres configurations que l’agencement narratif, qu’ils mêlent discours et récit, choisissant d’autres formes que le récit (le journal, le fragment, le portrait par exemple). La lisibilité et la diffusion éditoriale de ces récits exigent d’autre part l’intervention de passeurs : sociologues, journalistes, enseignants, hommes et femmes de l’ombre éditoriale, sans lesquels ils restent lettre morte, ce qui invalide l’idée d’une production spontanée ou totalement originale.
Les hobos américains, au croisement des écritures
Authors: Béja Alice 
Published: November 2016

Comment comprendre le lien entre les sans-abris d’aujourd’hui et les vagabonds de la fin duxixe siècle aux États-Unis ? La figure duhobo, icône culturelle américaine, se construit au tournant duxxesiècle à travers une hybridation des écritures, au carrefour entre littérature, témoignage et sociologie. À travers un panorama des écrits de et sur les vagabonds, de Josiah Flynt à Jack Kerouac, en passant par Jack London et Nels Anderson, cet article cherche à analyser la manière dont le personnage duhoboest idéalisé, mythifié, s’éloignant progressivement aussi bien de la critique du capitalisme qu’il incarne à ses débuts que des réalités de la vie des personnes à la rue depuis les années 1970. À la « culturehobo » du début duxxesiècle, caractérisée par des lieux (la Hobohème analysée par Anderson), des pratiques et des engagements spécifiques, se substitue une image de l’individu — masculin, blanc, hétérosexuel — qui part sur la grand-route en quête d’aventure. Les déterminants sociologiques et économiques de la condition du vagabond sont mis de côté ; le romantisme du personnage duhobolui ôte sa portée contestataire en même temps qu’il relègue les sans-abris contemporains au statut de victimes.
Tunable 1 × 2 plasmonic splitter of dielectric-loaded graphene waveguide based on multimode interference
Authors: Wang YueKe , Hong XiaoRong , Sang Tian , Yang GuoFeng 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We study the multimode interference (MMI) effect in a dielectric-loaded graphene waveguide (DLGW) numerically by the finite element method. By conducting the dispersion relation of graphene plasmon (GP) modes, a 1 × 2 splitter of GPs is proposed. Structure parameters are designed on the basis of the self-imaging principle, and the calculation of electrical field distributions illustrates two-wavelength splitting. Owing to the tunable permittivity of graphene by bias voltages, the active control of wavelength routing is achieved. High extinction ratios can also be obtained, which proves good splitting performance. It is considered that our findings provide a smart way of designing a tunable plasmonic splitter in the infrared region.
Feasibility study of detection of dielectric breakdown of gate oxide film by using acoustic emission method
Authors: Kasashima Yuji , Tabaru Tatsuo , Uesugi Fumihiko 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An in situ detection method for the dielectric breakdown of oxide films for MOS gates has been required in the plasma etching process. In this feasibility study, a conventional MOSFET device is used and an acoustic emission (AE) method is employed for the detection of the dielectric breakdown of a gate oxide film. A thin type AE sensor is attached at the backside of an electrostatic chuck (ESC), and the dielectric breakdown in a MOSFET, which is set on the ESC, is detected. The results demonstrate that the thin type AE sensor can detect the dielectric breakdown with an energy on the order of µJ.
Scaling of seismicity induced by nonlinear fluid‐rock interaction after an injection stop
Authors: Johann L. , Dinske C. , Shapiro S. A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFluid injections into unconventional reservoirs, performed for fluid‐mobility enhancement, are accompanied by microseismic activity also after the injection. Previous studies revealed that the triggering of seismic events can be effectively described by nonlinear diffusion of pore fluid pressure perturbations where the hydraulic diffusivity becomes pressure dependent. The spatiotemporal distribution of postinjection‐induced microseismicity has two important features: the triggering front, corresponding to early and distant events, and the back front, representing the time‐dependent spatial envelope of the growing seismic quiescence zone. Here for the first time, we describe analytically the temporal behavior of these two fronts after the injection stop in the case of nonlinear pore fluid pressure diffusion. We propose a scaling law for the fronts and show that they are sensitive to the degree of nonlinearity and to the Euclidean dimension of the dominant growth of seismicity clouds. To validate the theoretical finding, we numerically model nonlinear pore fluid pressure diffusion and generate synthetic catalogs of seismicity. Additionally, we apply the new scaling relation to several case studies of injection‐induced seismicity. The derived scaling laws describe well synthetic and real data.
Non‐Darcian flow experiments of shear‐thinning fluids through rough‐walled rock fractures
Authors: Rodríguez de Castro Antonio , Radilla Giovanni 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderstanding non‐Darcian flow of shear‐thinning fluids through rough‐walled rock fractures is of vital importance in a number of industrial applications such as hydrogeology or petroleum engineering. Different laws are available to express the deviations from linear Darcy law due to inertial pressure losses. In particular, Darcy's law is often extended through addition of quadratic and cubic terms weighted by two inertial coefficients depending on the strength of the inertia regime. The relations between the effective shear viscosity of the fluid and the apparent viscosity in porous media when inertial deviations are negligible were extensively studied in the past. However, only recent numerical works have investigated the superposition of both inertial and shear‐thinning effects, finding that the same inertial coefficients obtained for non‐Darcian Newtonian flow applied in the case of shear‐thinning fluids. The objective of this work is to experimentally validate these results, extending their applicability to the case of rough‐walled rock fractures. To do so, flow experiments with aqueous polymer solutions have been conducted using replicas of natural fractures, and the effects of polymer concentration, which determine the shear rheology of the injected fluid, have been evaluated. Our findings show that the experimental pressure loss‐flow rate data for inertial flow of shear‐thinning fluids can be successfully predicted from the empirical parameters obtained during non‐Darcian Newtonian flow and Darcian shear‐thinning flow in a given porous medium.
Flow within theatrical consumption: The relevance of authenticity
Authors: Aykol Bilge , Aksatan Manolya , İpek İlayda 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDespite its relevance and potential for explaining various arts consumption phenomena, examination of flow within that context has been limited. This study aims to expand knowledge about arts consumer behaviour by integrating flow construct into an explanatory model that examines the relationships among authenticity of core and peripheral aspects of the arts experience, flow, enjoyment, and intention to recommend. Data were collected from 219 theatre audience members through a self‐administered questionnaire and analysed with structural equation modelling. Results show that authenticity concerning the core product positively influences flow and enjoyment, whereas authenticity of venue is instrumental in providing the audience with enjoyment. Flow experienced in theatre is conducive to enjoyment, which, in turn, has a positive effect on intention to recommend. Managers of arts organisations can make inferences from study findings for developing customer communication and education strategies, designing performing arts venues, and managing customer feedback mechanisms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Reactivity of Silylated Ge9 Clusters: Synthesis and Characterization of [ZnCp*(Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3)], [CuPiPr3(Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3)], and [(CuPiPr3)4{Ge9(SiPh3)2}2]
Authors: Mayer Kerstin , Schiegerl Lorenz J. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of new derivatives of silylated clusters of the type [Ge9(SiR3)3]− (R = SiMe3, Me = CH3; R = Ph, Ph = C6H5) as well as on their reactivity towards copper and zinc compounds. The silylated cluster compounds were synthesized by heterogeneous reactions starting from the Zintl phase K4Ge9. Reaction of K[Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3] with ZnCl2 leads to the already known dimeric compound [Zn(Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3)2] (1), whereas upon the reaction with [ZnCp*2] the coordination of [ZnCp*]+ to the cluster takes place (Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) under the formation of [ZnCp*(Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3)] (2). A similar reaction leads to [CuPiPr3(Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3)] (3) from [CuPiPr3Cl] (iPr=isopropyl). Further we investigated the novel silylated cluster units [Ge9(SiPh3)3]− (4) and [Ge9(SiPh3)2]− (5), which could be identified by mass spectroscopy. Bis‐ and tris‐silylated species can be synthesized by the respective stoichiometric reactions, and the products were characterized by ESI‐MS and NMR experiments. These clusters show rather different reactivity. The reaction of the tris‐silylated anion 4 with [CuPiPr3Cl] leads to [(CuPiPr3)3Ge9(SiPh3)2]+ as shown from NMR experiments and to [(CuPiPr3)4{Ge9(SiPh3)2}2] (6), which was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 6 shows a new type of coordination of the Cu atoms to the silylated Zintl clusters.