bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Bimanes. Part 14. Synthesis and Properties of 4,6‐Bis(carboalkoxy)‐1,5‐diazabicyclo‐ [3.3.0]octa‐3,6‐diene‐2,8‐diones [4,6‐Bis(carboalkoxy)‐9,1O‐dioxa‐syn‐bimanes]. Preparation of the Parent syn‐Bimane, syn‐(Hydrogen,hydrogen)bimane.
Authors: KOSOWER E. M. , FAUST D. , BENSHOSHAN M. , GOLDBERG I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung mit Hydrazin und anschließende Halogenierung erhält man aus den Ketodicarbonsäureestern (I) die Pyrazolinone (II), aus denen mit Base die Bimandicarbonsäureester (III) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PARAIONIC COMPOUNDS. ANHYDRO‐1‐HYDROXY‐3‐OXOPYRAZOLO(1,2‐A)PYRAZOLIUM HYDROXIDES. FORMATION AND STABILITY OF A NOVEL SERIES OF 4NΠ HETEROCYCLIC BETAINES
Authors: ZVILICHOVSKY G. , DAVID M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Pyrazolderivaten (II) erhält man mit den Diketonen (I) die mesoionischen Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DEALKYLATION OF 1‐ALKYL‐3‐NITRO‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLES IN THE PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM TERT‐BUTOXIDE
Authors: TERPIGOREV A. N. , SHCHERBININ M. B. , BAZANOV A. G. , TSELINSKII I. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion von K‐tert.‐butylat mit den Titelverbindungen (I) wird überraschend nicht die Nitrogruppe angegriffen, sondern es wird der Alkylrest abgespalten unter Bildung des Nitrotriazolins (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF Γ‐BROMOACETOACETYL BROMIDE WITH N‐PHENYLHYDROXYLAMINE DERIVATIVES. IV. CYCLIZATION OF O‐ACETOACETYLBENZAMIDE OXIME DERIVATIVES
Authors: TABEI K. , KAWASHIMA E. , TAKADA T. , KATO T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Hydroxamsäureamide (I) reagieren mit Diketen (II) zu den Acetessigsäurederivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NITRILE CYCLIZATION REACTIONS. IV. REACTION OF ARYLIDENEMALONONITRILES WITH 1,3‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: SHARANIN YU. A. , PROMONENKOV V. K. , SHARANINA L. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion zwischen‐1,3‐Diketonen und Arylidenmalonitrilen bzw. Arylidencyanoessigestern wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PYROLYSIS OF THE TOSYLHYDRAZONE SODIUM SALTS OF TWO BICYCLIC LACTONES
Authors: AYRAL‐KALOUSTIAN S. , AGOSTA W. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Tosylhydrazone (I) werden in die Na‐Salze (II) übergeführt, bei deren Thermolyse die Olefine (III) sowie die Ketone (IV) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(Alkylamino)isochromans: Hypotensives with Peripheral and Central Activities.
Authors: MCCALL J. M. , MCCALL R. B. , TEMBRINK R. E. , KAMDAR B. V. , HUMPHREY S. J. , SETHY V. H. , HARRIS D. W. , DAENZER C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Carbonsäureester (I) erhält man die Alkohole (III)‐(V), die mit den Halogeniden (VI) oder (VII) zu den Halogenalkylisochromanen (VIII) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF N‐(1‐(ARYLCARBONYLOXY)ALKYL)PYRIDINIUM SALTS
Authors: ANDERS E. , GASSNER T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen werden als Chloride (IVa) und (IVb) durch die Umsetzung der Arencarbonsäurechloride (I) mit den Aldehyden (II) in Pyridin (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOACYL ISOCYANATES. XVII. REACTION OF ETHOXY(THIOCARBONYL) ISOCYANATE WITH VINYL ETHERS
Authors: GOERDELER J. , SCHULZE A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOffenkettige und cyclische Vinylether wie (II), (VI) und (XI) ergeben mit dem Ethoxythiocarbonylisocyanat (I) nebeneinander die Dihydro‐1,3‐thiazinone (III), (VII) und (XII) und ungesättigte Carboxamide (IV), (VIII) und (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: TAUTOMERISM OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. IX. PREPARATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZOTHIAZINES AND BENZOXAZINES VIA N‐AROYLCHLOROFORMAMIDINES
Authors: RIED W. , ERLE H.‐E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Einwirkung von Phenylhydrazin auf die N‐Aroylchlorformamid‐ine‐(I) führt zur Bildung der Aminobenzothiazinone (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES. XXIV. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 1,2,4‐TRIAZINES BY NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
Authors: KONNO S. , YOKOYAMA M. , KAITE A. , YAMATSUTA I. , OGAWA S. , MIZUGAKI M. , YAMANAKA H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem as.‐Triazin (I) werden die Sulfonyltriazine (III) und (V) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,4,6,8‐TETRAPHENYLBISPIDIN‐9‐ONES
Authors: RIBALTA M. , RIBAS J. M. , MARTINEZ TOBED A. , BASI N. , ZAPATERO J. , BRUSEGHINI L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus der Titelverbindungsreihe wurden die Bispidinonharnstoffe bzw. ‐thioharnstoffe (II) dargestellt und auf ihre ZNS‐Aktivität und antiulceröse Wirkung hin untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINONE METHIDES AND FUCHSONES. XXV. INTERMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION OF O‐FUCHSONES
Authors: PISOVA M. , SOUCEK M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Dehydrohalogenierung resultieren aus den (Hydroxyaryl)diarylchlormethanen (I) bzw. (III) die dimeren o‐Fuchsone (II) bzw. (IV) mit einem Dioxacyclooctadienring.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROBORATION. 60. EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON THE RELATIVE REACTIVITY OF REPRESENTATIVE OLEFINS TOWARD HYDROBORATION BY THEXYLCHLOROBORANE‐METHYL SULFIDE
Authors: SIKORSKI J. A. , BROWN H. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZahlreiche Olefine (II) wie l‐Hexen, l‐Octen, 3‐Methyl‐hexen, 2‐Methyl‐1‐penten, Cyclopenten, trans‐3‐Hexen, Methylstyrol, Styrol u.a. werden durch das Thexylboran (I) hydroboriert.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PHOSPHONIC ACID ANTIBIOTICS. IV. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANALOGS OF 3‐(N‐ACETYL‐N‐HYDROXYAMINO)PROPYLPHOSPHONIC ACID (FR‐900098)
Authors: HEMMI K. , TAKENO H. , HASHIMOTO M. , KAMIYA T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAuf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg werden diePhosphonsäurederivate (IX), die Wirkung gegen Pseudomonas‐Arten zeigen, hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INORGANIC RING SYSTEMS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE. PART II. SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN THE AZIRIDINOLYSIS OF (NPCL2)3
Authors: VAN DER HUIZE A. A. , JEKEL A. P. , BOLHUIS J. K. , KEEKSTRA D. , OUSEMA W. H. , VAN DE GRAMPEL J. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Aziridinolyse der aus Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazen und entsprechenden cyclischen Aminen synthetisierten Monoamino‐ bzw. cisund trans‐Diamino‐Derivate (I) (n = 1 bzw. 2) in Ether wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐BIPHENYLDIYLBIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHINE): STEREOCHEMISTRY, CHIRAL RHODIUM COMPLEXES, FORMATION OF CYCLIC QUATERNARY SALTS AND YLIDES, AND AN UNEXPECTED YLIDE RING CONTRACTION TO A 9Λ5‐PHOSPHAPHENANTHRENE
Authors: COSTA T. , SCHMIDBAUR H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAls Vorstufe für die Synthese des cyclischen Carbodiphosphorans (VIII) wird durch Lithiierung von 2,2′‐Dibromdiphenyl (I) und anschließende Umsetzung mit Chlorodimethylphosphin das Biphenyldiyl‐bis‐[dimethylphosphin] (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INTERMEDIATES. VIII. THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME 2,6‐DIOXO‐1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8A‐OCTAHYDRO‐2Λ5‐ISOPHOSPHINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: GALLAGHER M. J. , HONEGGER H. , SUSSMAN J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Phoshorinancarboxylat (I) addiert Methyl‐vinylketon (II) zu dem Addukt (III), das unter milden nicht‐wäßrigen Bedingungen zu der neuen tricyclischen Verbindung (IV) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFIC ADDITION OF BENZENESELENENYL HALIDE TO 1,1‐DISUBSTITUTED OLEFINS
Authors: HO P.‐T. , KOLT R. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Addition der Organoselenverbindung (II) an 1,1‐disubstituierte Olefine wie (I) und (VIII) unter kontrollierten Bedingungen (CHgClz.
ChemInform Abstract: UNSATURATED THIOLATES AND THEIR ANALOGS IN CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS. XIII. STUDY OF REACTIONS OF POTASSIUM (2‐ARYL(ALKYL)ETHYNYL)SELENOLATES WITH HETEROCUMULENES
Authors: LAISHEV V. Z. , PETROV M. L. , PETROV A. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 1,2,3‐Selenadiazole (I), von denen die Darstellung von (Id) erstmals beschrieben wird, werden mit KOH zu den Kaliumsalzen (II) zersetzt und zur Bestimmung der Ausb. mit MeI in die bisher nicht beschriebenen′ Se‐Methyl‐Derivate (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF DIORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES WITH ADENINE AND GLYCYLGLYCINE
Authors: BARBIERI R. , PELLERITO L. , RUISI G. , LO GIUDICE M. T. , HUBER F. , ATASSI G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie antileukämische Aktivität der Komplexe (I) und (II) gegenüber P‐388 Leukämie bei Mäusen wird untersucht und mit anderen aktiven Organozinn(IV)‐Verbindungen verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF VANADIUM‐RIBOFLAVIN INTERACTIONS IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE
Authors: GALLAGHER B. J. , RIECHEL T. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMittels cyclischer Voltammetrie und potentialkontrollierter Coulometrie wird die Elektrochemie und Komplexierung von VO(ClO4)2, VCl3 und VOF3 mit einfach reduziertem Riboflavin in DMSO an einer Pt‐Elektrode untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL FULVENE COMPLEXES. XVII. TRICARBONYL(FULVENE)CHROMIUM: STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY
Authors: KOCH O. , EDELMANN F. , BEHRENS U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Komplex (III) wird aus unsubstituiertem Fulven (I) und dem Cr‐Komplex (II) in siedendem Pentan synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐DIHYDRO‐6,13‐BIS(3‐HYDROXYPROPYL)‐1,4,8,11‐TETRAAZA(14)ANNULENES FROM 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐PYRAN‐5‐CARBOXALDEHYDE
Authors: HANKE R. , BREITMAIER E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Titelannulen (III) wird aus den Phenylendiaminen (I) und dem Pyrancarbaldehyd (IIa) als cyclisches B‐Alkoxyacroleinsynthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐ISOCOSTIC AND (.+‐.)‐3‐OXOISOCOSTIC ACIDS
Authors: CRUZ R. , MARTINEZ R. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas durch Robinson‐Anellierung aus Methylcyclohexanon (I) zugängliche Enon (II) wird durch allylische NBS‐Bromierung und anschließende Dehydrohalogenierung in das Dienon (III) übergeführt, das in einer stereoselektiven Michael‐Addition mit Cyanessigester bevorzugt das cis‐Addukt (IV) liefert, das durch fraktionierte Kristallisation isoliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE 1,3‐DITHIAN‐2‐YL‐METHOXYCARBONYL (DMOC‐) RADICAL, A PROTECTIVE GROUP FOR THE AMINO FUNCTION IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: BARTHELS R. , KUNZ H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWährend die bereits bekannte nach dem Zweistufenprinzip wirksame 2‐Methylmercaptoethoxycarbonyl‐(Mtc)‐Gruppe bei Peptidsynthesen gegen Basen ausreichend stabil ist, stellt der neu entwickelte Dmoc‐ Rest einen Schutz unter basischen und auch unter stark sauren Bedingungen dar.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC APPROACH TOWARD ANTIBIOTIC TUNICAMYCINS. II
Authors: FUKUDA Y. , KITASATO H. , SASAI H. , SUAMI T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über die Zuckerkomponente natürlich vorkommender biologisch aktiver Stoffe werden Dodecose‐Derivate synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BRANCHED‐CHAIN SUGARS. XXIX. SYNTHESIS OF MOENURONIC ACID (4‐C‐METHYL‐D‐GLUCURONIC ACID)
Authors: SATO K. , KUBO K. , HONG N. , KODAMA H. , YOSHIMURA J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie α‐D‐xylo‐Hexopyranosidulose (I) reagiert mit MeLi in Ether bei ‐78°C stereoselektiv zu dem axialen C‐Methyl‐Derivat (II), dessen Detritylierungsprodukt (III) hydrogenolytisch zu (IV) debenzyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ANOMALOUS OUTCOME IN THE WITTIG OLEFINATION OF AN ALDOSE
Authors: OLEJNICZAK K. , FRANCK R. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Galaktosederivat (I) entstehen mit dem Phosphoran (II) die beiden Kondensate (III) und (IV), die getrennt und identifiziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF MUSCARINES AND ALLOMUSCARINES IN D‐ AND L‐SERIES
Authors: POCHET S. , HUYNH‐DINH TAM HUYNH‐DINH TAM 
Published: April 2016

AbstractD‐ bzw. L‐2‐Desoxy‐ribose (I) wird in die isomeren Nitrile (II) und (III) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: PROSTAGLANDIN CHEMISTRY. XVI. SYNTHESIS OF NEW SECOPROSTAGLANDINS AS INDUCERS S OF PLATELET AGGREGATION
Authors: TANAKA T. , BANNAI K. , TORU T. , OBA T. , OKAMURA N. , WATANABE K. , KUROZUMI S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Carbonsäuremethylester (I), dessen Herstellung beschrieben wird, erhält man auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg die Carbonsäure (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ADRIAMYCIN ANALOGS. 1. PREPARATION AND ANTITUMOR EVALUATION OF 7‐O‐(β‐D‐GLUCOSAMINYL)DAUNOMYCINONE AND 7‐O‐(β‐D‐GLUCOSAMINYL)ADRIAMYCINONE AND THEIR N‐TRIFLUOROACETYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: ISRAEL M. , MURRAY R. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDaunomycinon (I) kondensiert mit dem 2‐Desoxyglucopyranosylbromid (II) hauptsächlich zum geschützten Glykosid (III), das direkt in das Glucosaminyldaunomycinon (IV) umgewandelt wird.
Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Shan Zack Y. , Kwiatek Richard , Burnet Richard , Del Fante Peter , Staines Donald R. , Marshall‐Gradisnik Sonya M. , Barnden Leighton R. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo examine progressive brain changes associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).Materials and MethodsWe investigated progressive brain changes with longitudinal MRI in 15 CFS and 10 normal controls (NCs) scanned twice 6 years apart on the same 1.5 Tesla (T) scanner. MR images yielded gray matter (GM) volumes, white matter (WM) volumes, and T1‐ and T2‐weighted signal intensities (T1w and T2w). Each participant was characterized with Bell disability scores, and somatic and neurological symptom scores. We tested for differences in longitudinal changes between CFS and NC groups, inter group differences between pooled CFS and pooled NC populations, and correlations between MRI and symptom scores using voxel based morphometry. The analysis methodologies were first optimized using simulated atrophy.ResultsWe found a significant decrease in WM volumes in the left inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in CFS while in NCs it was unchanged (family wise error adjusted cluster level P value, PFWE < 0.05). This longitudinal finding was consolidated by the group comparisons which detected significantly decreased regional WM volumes in adjacent regions (PFWE < 0.05) and decreased GM and blood volumes in contralateral regions (PFWE < 0.05). Moreover, the regional GM and WM volumes and T2w in those areas showed significant correlations with CFS symptom scores (PFWE < 0.05).ConclusionThe results suggested that CFS is associated with IFOF WM deficits which continue to deteriorate at an abnormal rate. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1301–1311.
Genetic Variants Associated with Male Pedophilic Sexual Interest
Authors: Alanko Katarina , Gunst Annika , Mokros Andreas , Santtila Pekka 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe etiology of sexual preference disorders (paraphilias) in general and pedophilia in particular remains unknown. There are some indications of biological factors related to pedophilic interest and pedophilic disorder.AimTo examine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with pedophilic sexual interest.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1,672 men 18 to 45 years old from the Genetics of Sex and Aggression sample who had submitted saliva samples. Fifty-four SNPs were genotyped and relevant SNPs were analyzed.Main Outcome MeasuresA self-report questionnaire designed specifically for the Genetics of Sex and Aggression sample was used to measure sexual interest in and sexual behavior toward children and adolescents. DNA extraction and genotyping were used to measure possible associations between male pedophilia and SNPs.ResultsBefore controlling for multiple testing, statistically significant associations were found for SNPs linked to androgen, estrogen, prolactin, corticotrophin, serotonin, and oxytocin. No associations remained significant after controlling for multiple testing.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest a complex biological mechanism affecting adult sexual interest in children. Very small effect sizes characterized the findings, and several polymorphisms related to different hormonal functioning were initially related to the phenotype.
MDM2 antagonist nutlin‐3a sensitizes tumors to V‐ATPase inhibition
Authors: Schneider Lina S. , Ulrich Melanie , Lehr Thorsten , Menche Dirk , Müller Rolf , von Schwarzenberg Karin 
Published: April 2016

Treating cancer is one of the big challenges of this century and it has become evident that single chemotherapeutic treatment is rarely effective. As tumors often carry multiple mutations using combination therapy which addresses different targets seems therefore more beneficial. One of the most frequently mutated genes in tumors is the tumor suppressor p53. Significant work has been put in the development of p53 activators, which are now in clinical studies against diverse cancers. Recently, we could show that inhibition of V‐ATPase, a multisubunit proton pump, by archazolid induces p53 protein levels in cancer cells. In this study, we provide evidence that the combination of archazolid with the p53 activator nutlin‐3a is synergistically inducing cell death in different p53 wild type tumor cell lines. Mechanistically, this effect could presumably be attributed to reduction of glycolysis as TIGAR mRNA levels were increased and glucose uptake and Glut1 protein levels were reduced. In addition, combination treatment highly activated pro‐apoptotic pathways including IGFBP3 and Bax inducing caspase‐9 and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, combination of archazolid and nutlin‐3a was more efficient in reducing tumor growth compared to single dose treatment in a U87MG mouse model in vivo. Hence, our findings suggest the combination of archazolid and nutlin‐3a as a highly promising strategy for the treatment of p53 wild type tumors.
ELBOW ROOM FOR SELF-DEFENSE
Authors: Mack Eric 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This essay contrasts two approaches to permissible self-defensive killing. The first is the forfeiture approach; the second is the elbow room for self-defense approach. The forfeiture approach comes in many versions — not all of which make prominent use of the word “forfeiture.” However, all versions presume that the permissibility of X killing Y (when X must kill Y in order to prevent herself from being unjustly killed) depends entirely on there being some feature of Y in virtue of which Y has become liable to be killed, that is, in virtue of which Y has forfeited or lost or been stripped of his right not to be killed. Different versions of the forfeiture approach advance different claims about what feature of Y will render Y liable to being killed by X. I criticize versions of this approach offered by Thomson, Otsuka, and McMahan and argue that the shared deep error is the presumption that the permissibility of X’s action turns entirely on some feature of Y. In focusing entirely on Y, the forfeiture approach fails to take seriously X’s right of self-defense. In contrast, the elbow room for self-defense approach starts with an explication of a plausible right of self-defense and maintains that a proper explication of Y’s right not to be killed must make moral elbow room from X’s exercise of this right. Within the elbow room approach, Y’s liability to being killed is based upon X’s right of self-defense rather than the permissibility of X’s killing Y being based upon Y’s forfeiture.
WHEN MAY WE KILL GOVERNMENT AGENTS? IN DEFENSE OF MORAL PARITY
Authors: Brennan Jason 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This essay argues for what may be called the parity thesis: Whenever it would be morally permissible to kill a civilian in self-defense or in defense of others against that civilian's unjust acts, it would also be permissible to kill government officials, including police officers, prison officers, generals, lawmakers, and even chief executives. I argue that in realistic circumstances, violent resistance to state injustice is permissible, even and perhaps especially in reasonably just democratic regimes. When civilians see officials about to commit certain severe injustices — such as police officers engaging in excessive violence — they may sometimes act unilaterally and kill the offending officials. I consider and rebut a wide range of objections, including objections against vigilantism, objections based on state legitimacy, and objections that violence can produce bad fallout.
I’M SO ANGRY I COULD HELP YOU: MORAL OUTRAGE AS A DRIVER OF VICTIM COMPENSATION
Authors: Thulin Erik W. , Bicchieri Cristina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Recent behavioral economics studies have shown that third parties compensate players in Dictator, Ultimatum, and Trust games. However, there are almost no studies about what drives third parties to compensate victims in such games. It can be argued that compensation is a form of helping; and helping behavior, in a variety of forms, has been widely researched, especially with regard to motivators. Previous work on helping behavior has focused on empathic concern as a primary driver. In sharp contrast, anger is often seen as an antisocial motivator resulting in aggression. However, other research has shown that moral outrage, anger evoked by the violation of a moral rule or a social norm, can lead to the punishment of a perpetrator, often described as altruistic or pro-social punishment. Some of the motivations for pro-social punishment, namely a concern for justice or the restoration of community values, can also be realized through victim compensation. We therefore propose the hypothesis that moral outrage leads to compensating behavior above and beyond what is predicted by empathic concern, but only when a social norm has been violated. We test this hypothesis in two studies, both of which use modified trust games in which the investor experiences a loss due either to a social norm violation or some other cause. Study 1 shows that trait moral outrage predicts third-party compensatory behavior above and beyond empathic concern, but only when a social norm is violated. To better understand the causal mechanism, Study 2 directly manipulated moral outrage, showing again that moral outrage leads to compensation, but only when a social norm is violated.
ON REALIST LEGITIMACY
Authors: Wendt Fabian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:In the last ten or fifteen years, realism has emerged as a distinct approach in political theory. Realists are skeptical about the merits of abstract theories of justice. They regard peace, order, and stability as the primary goals of politics. One of the more concrete aims of realists is to develop a realist perspective on legitimacy. I argue that realist accounts of legitimacy are unconvincing, because they do not solve what I call the “puzzle of legitimacy”: the puzzle of how some persons can have the right to rule over others, given that all persons are equals. I focus on the realist accounts of legitimacy developed by Bernard Williams and John Horton.
Pestov's identity on frame bundles and applications
Authors: EGIDI MICHELA 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper we lift Pestov's Identity on the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifoldMto the bundle ofk-tuples of tangent vectors. We also derive an integrated version and a restriction to the frame bundlePkMofk-frames. Finally, we discuss a dynamical application for the parallel transport on$\cal{G}_{or}^{k} (M)$, the Grassmannian of orientedk-planes ofM.
Scientific Fact-finding at the International Court of Justice: An Appraisal in the Aftermath of theWhalingCase
Authors: MBENGUE MAKANE MOÏSE 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe 2014 judgment of the International Court of Justice, regardingWhaling in the Antarctic, brought into focus scientific fact-finding in disputes before the Court. This article examines the Court's practice with respect to first, the mode of appointment and method of examining experts assisting the Court in fact-finding; and second, the standard of review employed in analysing a scientific fact to arrive at a judicial decision. In doing so, the article also refers to jurisprudence of the World Trade Organization to draw parallels and best practices therefrom. This analysis is aimed at structuring a coherent and predictable approach for scientific fact-finding before the International Court of Justice.