bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subject Naturalism, Scientism and the Problem of Linguistic Meaning: Critical Remarks on Price's 'Naturalism without Representationalism'
Authors: Macarthur David 
Published: September 2017

Resumen Huw Price es sin duda uno de los pragmatistas lingüísticos contemporáneos más importantes. Como admirador de su trabajo desde hace mucho tiempo, agradezco la oportunidad de realizar un comentario critico de su inflyente trabajo “Naturalism without Representationalism” (2004) publicado originalmente en un volumen que co-edité con mario De Caro titulado Naturalism in Question. Mis comentarios se centrarán en este trabajo suyo; discutiré cualquier otro material incluido en sus otros trabajos tan solo si sirve para aclarar algún aspect de este trabajo. No discutiré ningún desarrollo reciente de la posición anti-representacionalista de Price. Palabras clave: Huw Price, naturalismo, representacionalismo, naturalismo del sujeto, cientificismo. Abstract Huw Price is undoubtedly one of the most important contemporary linguistic pragmatists. As a long-time admirer of his work I welcome this opportunity to critically comment on his influential paper, “Naturalism without Representationalism” (2004), that first appeared in a volume I co-edited with Mario De Caro titled Naturalism in Question. My comments will be focused mainly on this paper; material from other papers will only be discussed in so far as it helps elucidate themes in this paper. I shall not be discussing recent refinements in Price’s anti-representationalist position. Keywords: Huw Price, naturalism, representationalism, subject naturalism, scientism.
The Price of Living a Philosophical Life Without Object Naturalism
Authors: Lawler Diego , Orlando Eleonora 
Published: September 2017

Resumen En nuestro artículo nos centramos en las principales críticas al representacionalismo desarrolladas por Huw Price en su trabajo “Naturalism without Representationalism”, unas críticas que sientan las bases de su primer argumento contra el naturalismo del objeto. Con posterioridad examinamos su segundo argumento, el que se sigue de sus consideraciones sobre la posibilidad de comenzar con una concepción material de los problemas de la localización. Palabras clave: Huw Price, naturalismo del objeto, naturalismo del sujeto, representacionalismo. Abstract In our paper we first focus on Price´s central objections to representationalism in his “Naturalism without Rpresentationalism”, which pave the way for his first argument against object naturalism –in his terms, they throw doubts on the possibility of ‘validating’ object naturalism. Then, we will examine his second argument, stemming from his considerations on the possibility of starting off with a material conception of the placement problems Key Words: Huw Price, object naturalism, subject naturalism, representationalism
El valor del concepto de vida en García Bacca, y su relación inicial con la filosofía de José Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Gimeno Monfort Xavier 
Published: September 2017

RESUMEN. El presente articulo pretende exponer del modo más claro y sintético, un tema poco trabajado y aún menos conocido por gran parte de la academia filosófica española, a saber, el sentido histórico y filosófico que determina parte de la propia génesis del proyecto metafísico del filósofo del exilio español Juan David García Bacca. Para ello, hemos centrado nuestros esfuerzos en tratar de exponer y aclarar el peso determinante que la filosofía del José Ortega y Gasset ejerció sobre el filósofo español, con el fin de poder determinar hasta qué punto y, de qué modo, fue clave en la gestación y nacimiento del proyecto metafísico garcibaccquiano. Hemos tratado de definir y medir dicha influencia a través del análisis de conceptos de origen orteguiano tales como la vida y los tipos de razón con el fin de aclarar el peso real de dicha influencia sobre el filósofo español. Palabras clave: Ortega y Gasset, García Bacca, vida, raciovitalismo, metafísica ABSTRACT. This paper attempts to understand the current process of dehumanization that legitimizes practices and inhumane actions. Such practices, which open the door to barbarism within the heart of their own "developed" and "civilized" democracies, are based on a morality that presupposes a framework of representation of the “human” and “nonhuman”. This framework enables and legitimizes exclusionary and violent practices against those conceptualized as “non-human”. The reversal of such inhumanity requires the articulation of a new social and political alternative ontology, and a new conception of citizenship able to critically destabilize normative frameworks dehumanizing Keywords: Ortega y Gasset, Garcia Bacca, life, ratiovitalism, metaphysics
George Santayana: una filosofía materialista de la mente
Authors: Moreno Moreno Daniel 
Published: September 2017

RESUMEN Una filosofía de la mente à la Santayana explicaría el origen del animal humano a partir del orden de la materia. El funcionamiento social del cuerpo-cerebro que ha permitido su supervivencia lleva implícita la apertura de un ámbito nuevo —que es pero que no existe— llamado tradicionalmente: alma, conciencia o mente. Cuando ese nivel se explica desde el materialismo, se entiende tanto su origen como su especificidad no contaminada —destacando incluso el brillo del espíritu, tan atractivo para poetas y místicos—. Se evitarían así gran parte de la paradojas de la filosofía de la mente. PALABRAS CLAVE: materia, psique, espíritu, idealismo, materialismo, filosofía de la mente, Lucrecio, Santayana ABSTRACT Santayana’s philosophy of mind could explain the origin of the human animal from out of the order of matter. The social functioning of the body/brain nexus that has allowed it to survival implicitly carries with it the opening up of a new realm —it is but it does not exist— traditionally designated in a variety of ways: soul, conscience, mind. When this realm is explained from a materialist point of view, both its origin and its untarnished specificity are understood —highlighting even the gleam of the spirit, so attractive to poets and mystics. In this manner, a large portion of the paradoxes found in the philosophy of mind could be avoided. Keywords: matter, psyche, spirit, idealism, materialism, philosophy of mind, Lucretius, Santayana
Epistemología de virtudes grupal
Authors: Kallestrup Jesper 
Published: September 2017

Resumen De acuerdo con Sosa (2007; 2009; 2011), el conocimiento es creencia apta, donde una creencia es apta cuando es correcta debido a la destreza (competente). Sosa (2010; 2015) añade a su análisis CAD del conocimiento un análisis RFS de la competencia, en donde una competencia completa combina su recinto, su forma y su situación. Una gran parte del in uyente trabajo de Sosa supone que los agentes epistémicos son individuos que adquieren conocimiento cuando dan con la verdad mediante el ejercicio de sus habilidades individuales, de maneras apropiadas y en situaciones apropiadas. Este artículo explora una extensión del modelo de Sosa al escenario social en el que los grupos constituyen agentes epistémicos adicionales a sus miembros individuales. La a rmación es que es posible adscribir conocimiento a los grupos en virtud de que dan con la verdad mediante el ejercicio de sus competencias en formas apropiadas y situaciones apropiadas. Mientras que el conocimiento en el nivel colectivo podría divergir del conocimiento en el nivel individual, las competencias grupales no son nada adicional a las competencias combinadas de sus miembros. La postura resultante tiene, por lo tanto, implicaciones para el debate sobre la reducción y la sobreveniencia en epistemología colectiva. Palabras Clave: epistemología colectiva, competencia grupal, creencia apta, competencia completa. Abstract According to Sosa (2007; 2009; 2011), knowledge is apt belief, where a belief is apt when accurate because adroit (competent). Sosa (2010; 2015) adds to his triple-A analysis of knowledge, a triple-S analysis of competence, where a complete competence combines its seat, shape and situation. Much of Sosa’s in uential work assumes that epistemic agents are individuals who acquire knowledge when they hit the truth through exercising their own individual skills in appropriate shapes and situations. This paper explores an extension of Sosa’s framework to a social setting in which groups constitute epistemic agents over and above their individual members. The claim is that groups can be ascribed knowledge in virtue of hitting the truth through exercising their competences in appropriate shapes and situations. While knowledge at the collective level may diverge from knowledge at the individual level, the competences of groups are nothing over and above the combined competences of their members. The ensuing view thus has implications for the debate over reduction and supervenience in collective epistemology.Keywords: collective epistemology, group competence, apt belief, complete competence.
Seguridad, sensibilidad y apoyo diferencial
Authors: Zalabardo José 
Published: September 2017

En 1999, Sosa sostuvo que el requisito de la sensibilidad no puede recibir apoyo diferencial con respecto al de la seguridad. Esto requiere (D1) que si una creencia que tiene el estatus de conocimiento es sensible, entonces también es segura, y (D2) que si una creencia que no tiene el estatus de conocimiento no es sensible, entonces tampoco es segura. De este modo, el requisito de la seguridad no excluirá de la extensión del conocimiento a ninguna creencia que no deba ser excluida, a menos que el requisito de la sensibilidad lo haga también, y el requisito de la seguridad excluirá de la extensión del conocimiento a toda creencia que deba ser excluida, a menos que el requisito de la sensibilidad no la excluya tampoco. Defiendo que, aunque D1 es correcta, D2 no lo es. Podemos describir creencias verdaderas que no deben ser clasificadas como conocimiento y no satisfacen el requisito de la sensibilidad pero sí el de la seguridad.Palabras clave: Ernest Sosa, conocimiento, escepticismo, sensibilidad, seguridad, neo-mooreanismo Summary In 1999, Sosa held that the sensitivity requirement cannot be differentially supported with respect to safety. This in turn requires that (D1) if a belief that has the status of knowledge is sensitive, then it is also safe; and (D2) if a belief that doesn’t have the status of knowledge is insensitive, then it is also unsafe. This way, the safety requirement doesn’t exclude from the extensión of knowledge any belief that shouldn’t be excluded, unless the sensitivity requirement does so too; and the safety requirement excludes from the extensión of knowledge every belief that should be excluded unless the sensitivity requirement doesn’t exclude it either. I’m going to argue that D1 is true, but D2 is false.Some beliefs that should be excluded from the extensión of knowledge fail the sensitivity test but pass the safety test. Keywords: Ernest Sosa, knowledge, scepticism, sensitivity, safety, neo-mooreanism.
CONTROL DEL CLORHIDRATO DE COCAÍNA, EN LA REGIÓN DE TARAPACÁ, A PARTIR DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL PLAN FRONTERA NORTE
Authors: Vidal Andrade Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2017

El Plan Frontera Norte nace como una política unilateral por parte del Estado chileno frente a los problemas del narcotráfico y el crimen organizado, por lo que cabe preguntar y analizar: ¿Cuáles han sido los resultados de la política en cuestión y el real impacto en el control del narcotráfico?; por esta razón, este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar y comprobar la variación de los resultados y políticas en materia de seguridad y control del tráfico de clorhidrato de cocaína, a partir del “Plan Frontera Norte” en la región de Tarapacá, desde la perspectiva de uno de los organismos activos y responsables del combate contra esta amenaza multidimensional: la Policía de Investigaciones de Chile. La metodología del artículo es el análisis de la situación de la citada política, a través de la comparación de datos, dado básicamente por las cuentas públicas de la policía civil y documentos oficiales que permiten un análisis serio al respecto.
An Atmospherically Driven Sea-Ice Drift Model for the Bering Sea
Authors: Pease C. H. , Overland J. E. 
Published: September 2017

A free-drift sea-ice model for advection is described which includes an interactive wind-driven ocean for closure. A reduced system of equations is solved economically by a simple iteration on the water stress. The performance of the model is examined through a sensitivity study considering ice thickness, Ekman-layer scaling, wind speed, and drag coefficients. A case study is also presented where the model is driven by measured winds and the resulting drift rate compared to measured ice-drift rate for a three-day period during March 1981 at about 80 km inside the boundary of the open pack ice in the Bering Sea.The advective model is shown to be sensitive to certain assumptions. Increasing the scaling parameter A for the Ekman depth in the ocean model from 0.3 to 0.4 causes a 10 to 15% reduction in ice speed but only a slight decrease in rotation angle (α) with respect to the wind. Modeled α is strongly a function of ice thickness, while speed is not very sensitive to thickness. Ice speed is sensitive to assumptions about drag coefficients for the upper (CA) and lower (CW) surfaces of the ice. Specifying CA and the ratio of CA to CW are important to the calculations.
A Model Simulation of 20 Years of Northern Hemisphere Sea-Ice Fluctuations
Authors: Walsh John E. , Hibler William D. , Ross Becky 
Published: September 2017

A dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model (Hibler 1979) is used to simulate northern hemisphere sea ice for a 20-year period, 1961 to 1980. The model is driven by daily atmospheric grids of sea-level pressure (geo-strophic wind) and by temperatures derived from the Russian surface temperature data set. Among the modifications to earlier formulations are the inclusion of snow cover and a multilevel ice-thickness distribution in the thermodynamic computations.The time series of the simulated anomalies show relatively large amounts of ice during the early 1960s and middle 1970s, and relatively small amounts during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The fluctuations of ice mass, both in the entire domain and in individual regions, are more persistent than are the fluctuations of ice-covered area. The ice dynamics tend to introduce more high-frequency variability into the regional (and total) amounts of ice mass. The simulated annual ice export from the Arctic Basin into the East Greenland Sea varies interannually by factors of 3 to 4.
Sea-Ice and Snow-Cover Data Availability, Needs and Problems
Authors: Barry R. G. , Crane R. G. , Weaver R. L. , Anderson M. A. 
Published: September 2017

Various types of sea-ice and snow-cover data are required for operational purposes in real time, for engineering assessments of associated hazards and for regional to global-scale modeling of the climate system. Data on the primary characteristics of ice and snow (extent, depth or thickness, and ice concentration) are becoming available to meet many present types of modeling requirement but secondary properties such as snow-water content, ridging intensity, open-water fraction and ice drift are less readily available.Data for these major variables of snow and ice cover are considered with respect to problems encountered in obtaining and using digital information necessary for modern computer analyses. Such problems include the limitations of the basic observations (observational or sensor accuracy), the spatial and temporal resolution of different data sets, varying national practices of observing and reporting, and the problems of meshing data collected by different means and having spatial differences and temporal changes of observation time, site location, sensor system and resolution, etc. The relative reliability and climatic “information content” of some historical data sets are briefly examined and available digital data sets on modern global ice- and snow-cover conditions are described.
Annual Salt and Energy Budget Beneath an Antarctic Fast Ice Cover
Authors: Allison Ian , Tivendale C. M. , Copson G. R. 
Published: September 2017

Water temperature and salinity profiles were measured to a depth of 300 m below a fast ice cover near Mawson, Antarctica over a full annual cycle. Together with measurements of ice thickness and salinity, they are used to determine the heat and salt balance of the ice/ocean system at this site. The energy balance of the ocean is related to measured energy fluxes at the surface.Throughout the winter there is a net advection of salty water to the site which enhances the salinity increase in the water due to brine ejected from ice. After the ice reaches its maximum thickness there is considerable advection of warmer water which both raises the water temperature at the site and provides heat for the large oceanic heat flux previously reported for Mawson. The rate of this heat advection increases as the ice extent around Antarctica decreases. The ice partially melts in situ and breaks out in mid January. This effective removal of fresh water is balanced by a large influx of melt water from the continental ice sheet. The fresh water, initially near the surface, becomes well mixed to depths of greater than 200 m by strong storms in the ice free period from mid January to early April.
Reactions of a calving glacier to large changes in water level
Authors: Laumann Tron , Wold Bjørn 
Published: September 2017

Austdalsvatn in western Norway was regulated in 1988 as a reservoir for a hydropower development. From a pre-1988 water level of 1157 m a.s.l. the new water level will vary more or less annually from 1170 to 1200 m a.s.l. The outlet glacier Austdalsbreen calves into this reservoir. About 1600 m up-valley from its terminus the glacier flows over a bedrock riegel that is, at its lowest point, ∼ 15 m above the projected maximum lake level of 1200 m. As a result of the increase in water level, the surface velocity near the front has increased from about 0.07 to 0.13 m d−1.Calculations suggest that the glacier terminus will retreat about 750 m in 50 years. The measured response of the glacier terminus for the first three years is in good agreement with the simulations.
Drifting-snow acoustic detector: experimental tests in La Molina, Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Font D. , Naaim-Bouvet F. , Roussel M. 
Published: September 2017

A new gauge to detect drifting snow has been tested at an experimental site at La Molina, eastern Spanish Pyrenees during the 1996 winter.Based on an acoustic principle, it consiste of a miniature microphone located at the base of an aluminium pole of a Variable length (depending on the average height of the snow accumulated in a season). While snowdrifting occurs and the pole is exposed to the flux (wind + snow particles), the snow grains impact on the pole and the sound produced by these collisions is recorded as an electrical signal.30 m away from the snowdrifting detector, there is an anemometric station. The comparison of both records allows determination of thresholds and deposit wind velocities. In addition, this gauge allows users to know, during a wind episode, the exact amount of time during which snowdrifting occurs without being in the field. The interpretation of the values obtained using the acoustic detector is not yet an easy subject to discuss. We slill do not know what the drift-density equivalents for tile recorded noise levels are. However, these are only preliminary results and we expect to complete the calibration of the gauge during the coming months.
Imaging Subglacial Topography by a Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique
Authors: Musil G.J. , Doake C.S.M. 
Published: September 2017

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique has been used to image part of the grounding-line region of Bach Ice Shelf in the Antarctic Peninsula. The radar was sledge-mounted and operated in a pulsed mode with a carrier frequency of 120 MHz. The coherently detected output was recorded photographically as in-phase and quadrature components. Because the system was essentially stationary for each measurement, there was no doppler information about the reflecting points as in the more commonly used airborne and satellite-based SARs. Instead, the phase history was used directly to identify point targets by a correlation method.Three sounding runs were carried out over the grounding line to give views of the area from separate directions. An aperture length of 104 m was necessary to achieve 8 m resolution in the along-track direction for an ice thickness of 290 m. The mapped swath was 88 m wide. Corrections to the data were made to allow for density variations and absorption in the ice. The back-scatter coefficient showed greater variations in echo strength over grounded ice compared with floating ice and texture analysis of the radar image revealed a statistically significant difference between these two regimes.
Satellite Snow-Cover Monitoring in the Qilian Mountains and an Analysis for Characteristics of Stream Snow-Melt Run-Off in the Hexi Region, Gansu, China
Authors: Qunzhi Zeng , Shunying Zhang , Xianzhang Chen , Jian Wang 
Published: September 2017

The images of NOAA/TIROS-N APT, AVHRR and a few Landsat MSS obtained from 1980 to 1985 are analysed in this paper. It is found that the snow-cover distribution in Qilian Mountains is above 3700 m a.s.l. during winter to spring every year. There are two concentrations of snow cover. One is on Mount Leng Longling in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River and the other is located between Hala Lake and Mount Danghe Nanshan.Based on preliminary investigations, it is known that the surface water resource in the Hexi region is 68 8 × 108 m3, of which about 24.8% is from glaciers and melting, and the snow-melt run-off is 7.63 × 108 m3, equal to 62.6% of the total amount of spring run-off.The average value of Cv for spring run-off in the Shiyang River, Heihe River, and Shule River is 0 32 and the Cv value of snow-melt run-off in spring is 0.41, about three times as much as that of the annual run-off in the Hexi, region. A prediction model of spring snow-melt run-off at the Ying Louxia Hydrometric station in the Heihe River area can be constructed by using hydrometeorological data and snow-cover percentage for the Heihe River basin obtained from NOAA/TIROS-N APT, and AVHRR images. The prediction models (2) and (3) have been tested by the Water Resources Management Office of the Heihe River basin in the Zhangye and Flood Prevention Office of Gansu Province. The prediction accuracy is suitable for demands.