bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proper training in laparoscopic hernia repair is necessary to minimize the rising recurrence rate in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Sumio , Hayakawa Tetsushi , Kawarada Yoh , Uchida Kazunori , Eguchi Tohru , Wada Hidetoshi , Ueno Nozomi , Idani Hitoshi , Nakano Kanyu , Oomomo Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery reported that the recurrence rate for inguinal hernia repair in Japan was less than 1% in 2010. However, its 2012 survey found that the recurrence rate had increased to 4% for the transabdominal preperitoneal procedure and 5% for the totally extraperitoneal procedure. We held 14 hernia repair training courses from 2011 to 2016 with help from Covidien. This study aimed to determine the effect of this training on the recurrence rate.MethodsTraining was composed of a theoretical revision of inguinal anatomy, dry laboratory suturing, a video lecture, and practice on an animal model. We made inquiries about the length of each surgeon's career, post‐training changes in surgical methods, and recurrence rates before and after training.ResultsWe received responses from 159 of 300 trainees (53%). The mean career length was 12.7 ± 8.2 years. The annual number of transabdominal preperitoneal procedures performed increased from 20.9 ± 29.9 to 32.4 ± 56.1 after training (P < 0.001), and the number of totally extraperitoneal procedures increased from 9.5 ± 13.9 to 13.9 ± 16.9 (P = 0.0218). The annual number of procedures performed via the anterior approach decreased from 153.1 ± 28.4 to 28.4 ± 52.2 after training (P < 0.001). The pre‐training transabdominal preperitoneal procedure recurrence rate was 0.9%, and this decreased to 0.4% after training. There was no pre‐training recurrence rate for the totally extraperitoneal procedure, but this was 0.4% after training.ConclusionThe high recurrence rate after inguinal hernia repair in Japan was mainly due to inadequate training in the laparoscopic method. Our laparoscopic hernia repair training course achieved low recurrence rates.
Compassion focused therapy: Exploring the effectiveness with a transdiagnostic group and potential processes of change
Authors: Cuppage Jennifer , Baird Katie , Gibson Jennifer , Booth Richard , Hevey David 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a compassion focused therapy (CFT) group with a transdiagnostic population, as compared to treatment as usual (TAU). A secondary aim was to explore the potential processes of change within the treatment.DesignA non‐randomized control trial was used.MethodFifty‐eight participants who engaged in group CFT were compared to 29 participants receiving TAU. Group CFT consisted of 14 sessions twice weekly for 5 weeks and once weekly for 4 weeks. Participants completed measures of psychopathology, shame, self‐criticism, fears of self‐compassion, and social safeness, at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, and 2‐month follow‐up. Potential processes of change were examined using correlations and regression analysis.ResultsSignificantly greater improvements were found for levels of psychopathology, fears of self‐compassion and social safeness for CFT, compared to TAU. Additionally, analyses showed improvements in shame and self‐criticism within the CFT group but not the TAU group. All improvements were maintained at 2‐month follow‐up. Improvements in psychopathology were predicted by changes in self‐criticism and fears of self‐compassion.ConclusionCompassion focused therapy appears to be an effective group intervention for a range of mental health difficulties. The positive impact of the CFT model with a transdiagnostic group emphasizes the value of addressing underlying psychological process, rather than symptoms alone.Practitioner points

Compassion focused therapy is a multimodal therapy designed to target high levels of shame and self‐criticism.

Compassion focused therapy has been shown previously to have positive results within a range of diagnostic‐specific populations. While there is an emerging research base, limited studies assessing effectiveness with transdiagnostic populations have been published.

CFT was shown to have a significant effect in reducing levels of psychopathology, compared to TAU.

A number of potential processes of change were identified: Changes in psychopathology were significantly correlated with changes in self‐criticism and fears of self‐compassion.
Building a working alliance between professionals and service users in family preservation. A multiple case study
Authors: Steens Roos Julie , Hermans Koen , Van Regenmortel Tine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the margin of the ongoing experimental and quasi‐experimental research projects on family preservation, some research projects focus on the process through which families accomplish change and acknowledge the importance of the working alliance. There is, however, little information about barriers and facilitators in building this working alliance. To fill this gap, we performed a multiple case study with a triangulation of ethnographical methods such as observation, in‐depth interviews, case file analysis, and multistakeholder focus groups. We illustrate how, in a context of managerialism and transactional leadership, social workers find themselves in a continuous tension between complying with the expectations of their social organization and “tuning in” with the service users. This jeopardizes the working alliance between a social worker and a family. Consequences for research, practice, and policy regarding family preservation interventions are discussed.
Estimation of population size and trends for highly mobile species with dynamic spatial distributions
Authors: Boyd Charlotte , Barlow Jay , Becker Elizabeth A. , Forney Karin A. , Gerrodette Tim , Moore Jeffrey E. , Punt André E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo develop a more ecologically realistic approach for estimating the population size of cetaceans and other highly mobile species with dynamic spatial distributions.LocationCalifornia Current Ecosystem,USA.MethodsConventional spatial density models assume a constant relationship between densities and habitat covariates over some time period, typically a survey season. The estimated population size must change whenever total habitat availability changes. For highly mobile long‐lived species, however, density–habitat relationships likely adjust more rapidly than population size. We developed an integrated population‐redistribution model based on a more ecologically plausible alternative hypothesis: (1) population size is effectively constant over each survey season; (2) if habitat availability changes, then the population redistributes itself following an ideal free distribution process. Thus, the estimated relationship between densities and habitat covariates adjusts rather than population size. We constructed Bayesian hierarchical models corresponding to the conventional and alternative hypotheses and applied them to distance sampling data for Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), a highly mobile cetacean with distribution patterns closely tied to cool sea‐surface temperatures.ResultsThe Dall's porpoise data provided strong support for the hypothesis based on an ideal free redistribution process. Our results indicate that the population size of Dall's porpoise within the survey region was relatively stable over each summer/fall survey season, but the distribution expanded and contracted with the extent of suitable habitat. Over multiple survey seasons, the model partitioned variation in observed densities among three sources: variation in population size, the density–habitat relationship and measurement error, leading to lower and more ecologically plausible estimates of interannual variation in population size.Main conclusionsWe conclude that the integrated population‐redistribution model (IPRM) presented here represents an ecologically plausible model for use in future assessments of the population size and dynamics of cetaceans and other highly mobile long‐lived species with variable spatial distributions.
Incident ischaemic stroke and Type 2 diabetes: trends in incidence and case fatality in Scotland 2004–2013
Authors: Read S. H. , McAllister D. A. , Colhoun H. M. , Farran B. , Fischbacher C. , Kerssens J. J. , Leese G. P. , Lindsay R. S. , McCrimmon R. J. , McGurnaghan S. , Philip S. , Sattar N. , Wild S. H. ,   the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo describe trends in first ischaemic stroke incidence and case fatality in adults with and without a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes prior to their ischaemic stroke event in Scotland between 2004 and 2013.MethodsUsing population‐wide hospital admission, death and diabetes datasets, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. Negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to calculate year‐specific incidence and case‐fatality rates for people with Type 2 diabetes and for people without diabetes.ResultsDuring 41.0 million person‐years of follow‐up there were 69 757 ischaemic stroke events. Type 2 diabetes prevalence among patients who experienced ischaemic stroke increased from 13.5% to 20.3% between 2004 and 2013. Stroke incidence rates declined by 2.7% (95% CI 2.4, 3.0) annually for people with and without diabetes [diabetes/year interaction: rate ratio 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 1.01)]. Type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke in men [rate ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.17, 1.30)] and women [rate ratio 1.41 (95% CI 1.35, 1.48)]. Case‐fatality rates were 14.2% and 12.7% in people with Type 2 diabetes and without diabetes, respectively. Case fatality declined by 3.5% (95% CI 2.7, 4.5) annually [diabetes/year interaction: odds ratio 1.01 (95% CI 0.98, 1.02)].ConclusionsIschaemic stroke incidence declined no faster in people with a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes than in people without diabetes. Increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes among stroke patients may mean that declines in case fatality over time will be less marked in the future.
Information processing from the motor cortices to the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus and their somatotopic organizations revealed electrophysiologically in monkeys
Authors: Iwamuro Hirokazu , Tachibana Yoshihisa , Ugawa Yoshikazu , Saito Nobuhito , Nambu Atsushi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo understand how the information derived from different motor cortical areas representing different body parts is organized in the basal ganglia, we examined the neuronal responses in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus (input, relay and output nuclei, respectively) to stimulation of the orofacial, forelimb and hindlimb regions of the primary motor cortex (MI) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in macaque monkeys under the awake state. Most STN and GPe/GPi neurons responded exclusively to stimulation of either the MI or SMA, and one‐fourth to one‐third of neurons responded to both. STN neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the MI were located along the medial–lateral axis in the posterolateral STN, while neurons responding to the orofacial region of the SMA were located more medially than the others in the anteromedial STN. GPe/GPi neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the MI were found along the dorsal–ventral axis in the posterolateral GPe/GPi, and neurons responding to the corresponding regions of the SMA were similarly but less clearly distributed in more anteromedial regions. Moreover, neurons responding to the distal and proximal forelimb MI regions were found along the lateral–medial axis in the STN and the ventral–dorsal axis in the GPe/GPi. Most STN and GPe/GPi neurons showed kinaesthetic responses with similar somatotopic maps. These observations suggest that the somatotopically organized inputs from the MI and SMA are well preserved in the STN and GPe/GPi with partial convergence.
Effects of forced, passive, and voluntary exercise on spinal motoneurons changes after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Arbat‐Plana Ariadna , Navarro Xavier , Udina Esther 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAfter peripheral nerve injury, there are important changes at the spinal level that can lead to disorganization of the central circuitry and thus compromise functional recovery even if axons are able to successfully regenerate and reinnervate their target organs. Physical rehabilitation is a promising strategy to modulate these plastic changes and thus to improve functional recovery after the damage of the nervous system. Forced exercise in a treadmill is able to partially reverse the synaptic stripping and the loss of perineuronal nets that motoneurons suffer after peripheral nerve injury in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate whether passive exercise, by means of cycling in a motorized bicycle, or voluntary free running in a wheel is able to mimic the effects induced by forced exercise on the changes that axotomized motoneurons suffer after peripheral nerve injury. Partial preservation of synapses and perineuronal nets was observed only in axotomized motoneurons from animals subjected to high‐intensity cycling and the ones that freely ran long distances, but not when low‐intensity exercise protocols were applied. Therefore, the intensity but not the type of exercise used is the key element to prevent synaptic stripping and loss of perineuronal nets in motoneurons after axotomy.
Theta band oscillations reflect more than entrainment: behavioral and neural evidence demonstrates an active chunking process
Authors: Teng Xiangbin , Tian Xing , Doelling Keith , Poeppel David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParsing continuous acoustic streams into perceptual units is fundamental to auditory perception. Previous studies have uncovered a cortical entrainment mechanism in the delta and theta bands (~1–8 Hz) that correlates with formation of perceptual units in speech, music, and other quasi‐rhythmic stimuli. Whether cortical oscillations in the delta‐theta bands are passively entrained by regular acoustic patterns or play an active role in parsing the acoustic stream is debated. Here, we investigate cortical oscillations using novel stimuli with 1/f modulation spectra. These 1/f signals have no rhythmic structure but contain information over many timescales because of their broadband modulation characteristics. We chose 1/f modulation spectra with varying exponents of f, which simulate the dynamics of environmental noise, speech, vocalizations, and music. While undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording, participants listened to 1/f stimuli and detected embedded target tones. Tone detection performance varied across stimuli of different exponents and can be explained by local signal‐to‐noise ratio computed using a temporal window around 200 ms. Furthermore, theta band oscillations, surprisingly, were observed for all stimuli, but robust phase coherence was preferentially displayed by stimuli with exponents 1 and 1.5. We constructed an auditory processing model to quantify acoustic information on various timescales and correlated the model outputs with the neural results. We show that cortical oscillations reflect a chunking of segments, > 200 ms. These results suggest an active auditory segmentation mechanism, complementary to entrainment, operating on a timescale of ~200 ms to organize acoustic information.
Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the rat spinal cord under inflammatory pain conditions
Authors: Liu Chien Cheng , Cheng Jiin Tsuey , Li Tien Yui , Tan Ping Heng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent studies using microarray‐based approaches have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in pain processing pathways. However, a significant proportion of computational predictions of miRNA targets are false‐positive interactions. To increase the chance of identifying biologically relevant targets, we performed an integrated analysis of both miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the rat spinal cord during complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced inflammatory pain. We generated miRNA and mRNA arrays from the same corresponding samples on days 5 and 14 after CFA injection. Five miRNAs and 1096 mRNAs in the CFA 5d group and 16 miRNAs and 647 mRNAs in the CFA 14d group were differentially expressed based on a filter of at least a 1.5‐fold change in either direction. An integrated analysis revealed 54 mRNA targets with an inverse correlation to the expression patterns of three miRNAs in the CFA 5d group. Seventy‐five targets were inversely correlated to six miRNAs in the CFA 14d group. The miRNA–mRNA interaction networks revealed significant changes in miR‐124, miR‐149, miR‐3584 and their target genes, IL‐6R, ADAM19, LAMC1 and CERS2, in the CFA 5d group. In the CFA 14d group, significant changes were noted in miR‐124, miR‐29, miR‐34, miR‐30, miR‐338 and their target genes, TIMP2, CREB5 and EFNB1. We also investigated an interaction pair, miR‐124‐3p and IL‐6R, and the results showed that miR‐124‐3p could attenuate inflammatory pain and decrease IL‐6R expression in the spinal cord. These specific miRNAs and their target genes provide possible avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory pain.
Preliminary investigation of orally administered benazepril in horses with left‐sided valvular regurgitation
Authors: Afonso T. , Giguère S. , Brown S. A. , Barton M. H. , Rapoport G. , Barba M. , Dembek K. A. , Toribio R. E. , Coleman A. E. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundDespite the paucity of data available, orally administered angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are empirically used in horses with valvular regurgitation.ObjectiveEvaluate the echocardiographic and hormonal changes in response to oral benazepril in horses with left‐sided valvular regurgitation.Study designProspective, randomised double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsHorses with mitral valve (MR) and/or aortic valve regurgitation (AR) received oral benazepril (n = 6) at a dosage of 1 mg/kg q 12 h or a placebo (n = 5) for 28 days. Echocardiography was performed before drug administration and after 28 days of treatment. Plasma renin activity, serum ACE activity, angiotensin II concentration, aldosterone concentration and biochemical variables were measured before drug administration and after 7 and 28 days of treatment.ResultsRelative to baseline, horses treated with benazepril had statistically significant reduction in left ventricular internal diameter in systole (mean difference between groups = −0.97 cm; 95% CI = −1.5 to −0.43 cm), aortic sinus diameter (−0.31 cm; −0.54 to −0.07 cm), and percentage of the aortic annulus diameter occupied by the base of the AR jet (−17.05%; −31.17 to −2.93%) compared with horses receiving a placebo. In addition, horses treated with benazepril had a significantly greater increase in cardiac output (11.95 L/min; 1.17–22.73 L/min) and fractional shortening (7.59%; 3.3–11.88%) compared with horses receiving a placebo. Despite profound serum ACE inhibition, renin activity and concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone were not significantly different between treatment groups or among time points.Main limitationsVery small sample size and short treatment period.ConclusionsTreatment with oral benazepril resulted in statistically significant echocardiographic changes that might indicate reduced cardiac afterload in horses with left‐sided valvular regurgitation. Additional studies with a larger sample size will be necessary to determine if administration of benazepril is beneficial in horses with valvular regurgitation.
The Summary is available in Spanish – see Supporting Information
Water and Salt Migration with Phase Change in Saline Soil during Freezing and Thawing Processes
Authors: Wu Daoyong , Zhou Xiangyang , Jiang Xingyuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWater and salt transfer coupled with phase change may cause serious damage to engineering structures in saline soil regions. In this study, the migration of water and salt in silty clay collected from the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is explored experimentally and numerically during freezing and thawing processes. The results revealed that there are significant differences in the variations of liquid water content and solution concentration for different initial salt contents, due to salt crystallization and dissolution. The temperature‐induced water migration is determined by the soil properties, which can be well explained by the thermodynamics of mass transfer. The amount of salt migrated upward during cooling is slightly larger than that transported downward in the warming period, implying that salt may be accumulated in the surface soil after a large number of circulations and finally result in soil salinization.
Transitioning into a ‘throwaway planet’
Authors: McCollough John , Bayramoglu Mehmet Fatih , He Miao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is generally considered to be safer for the environment to repair a malfunctioning product for further reuse than to dispose of it and replace it with a newly manufactured product, unless the product is being replaced with a more energy efficient alternative. However, whereas United States has long been labelled a ‘throwaway society’, this paper presents the results of an international consumer survey which demonstrates that as other nations develop with respect to GDP per Capita (Gross Domestic Product per Capita), they too start transitioning into throwaway societies. This transition then calls into account of just how environmentally damaging this practice will become.
Resistance of phages lytic to pathogenic Escherichia coli to sanitisers used by the food industry and in home settings
Authors: Tomat David , Balagué Claudia , Aquili Virginia , Verdini Roxana , Quiberoni Andrea 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPhages are potentially useful as antimicrobial agents in food‐processing environments, provided they can remain active upon extended storage and in the presence of sanitisers. Survival of six phages lytic against enteropathogenic (EPEC) and shiga‐toxigenic (STEC) Escherichia coli strains was assessed upon storage at 4 °C, −20 °C and −70 °C in phosphate‐buffered‐saline (PBS) and Tris‐magnesium‐gelatine buffer (TMG) for up to 1 year. The phages were also exposed to ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, quaternary ammonium chloride (biocide A), hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid/peroctanoic acid (biocide B), p‐toluensulfonchloroamide (biocide D) and alkaline chloride foam (biocide C). Plaque‐forming units remained unchanged when the phages were stored at 4 °C in both buffers tested, but decreased by 3.5 and 5.7 log10 PFU when stored in PBS at −20 and −70 °C, respectively. Moreover, TMG seems to be the most protective suspension medium with decreasing temperature because a 1−log10 PFU reduction was observed at −20 and −70 °C. Incubation in 100% ethanol for 24 h reduced plaque counts only by 2.5 log10 PFU. In 10 ppm of sodium hypochlorite and in biocide B (0.13%), the counts decreased by ~5 and ~6 log10 PFU after 15 min. Finally, biocide A and D reduced counts by 4 and 2–4 log10 PFU after 30 min and 8 h of incubation, respectively. Phages were completely inactivated only by peracetic acid and biocides C and E. Therefore, the phages evaluated might be potentially applied together with classical sanitisers such as ethanol and industrial biocides A, B and D, in disinfection programs against pathogenic STEC and EPEC strains.