bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Conjunctival Limbal Autografts and Living-Related Conjunctival Limbal Allografts for Severe Unilateral Ocular Surface Failure
Authors: Cheung Albert Y. , Sarnicola Enrica , Govil Amit , Holland Edward J. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To describe the technique and present 2 cases of a combined conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU) and living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (lr-CLAL) procedure for treatment of severe unilateral ocular surface failure.

Methods:
Interventional case series of 2 eyes of 2 patients sustaining severe thermal/chemical injuries from firework explosions. They both underwent the combined CLAU/lr-CLAL procedure followed by penetrating keratoplasty. Systemic immunosuppression consisted of oral tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil.

Results:
Preoperative vision was counting fingers for both patients, whereas visual acuity at last follow-up ranged between 20/40 and 20/50. Both patients maintained a stable surface at last follow-up without any episodes of rejection. Patients tolerated systemic immunosuppression well without any persistent adverse reactions.

Conclusions:
Certain etiologies of limbal stem cell deficiency also lead to significant conjunctival (and goblet cell) deficiency. Combined CLAU and lr-CLAL procedures maximize the amount of healthy limbal stem cells with conjunctiva while also minimizing the antigenic burden as all transplanted tissue potentially can be a complete (or near-complete), compatible HLA and crossmatch.
Supporting Clinical Nurses Through a Research Fellowship
Authors: Mason Barbara , Lambton Judith , Fernandes Roxanne 
Published: October 2017

After reviewing the literature, nurses at the bedside seeking answers to clinical questions may find their inquiries remain unanswered. This article describes the yearlong Research Fellows Program in which candidates, funded for 12 hours per month of research release time, answered formal research questions in a curriculum designed to provide the skills to complete their study. Five have completed their studies; 1 has received a grant to continue. Two are in process of submitting manuscripts to journals.
Delirium in the Pediatric Cardiac Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patient Population: A Case Series
Authors: Patel Anita K. , Biagas Katherine V. , Clark Eunice C. , Traube Chani 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of delirium in children who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design:
Prospective observational longitudinal cohort study.

Setting:
Urban academic cardiothoracic ICU.

Patients:
All consecutive admissions to the cardiothoracic ICU who required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Interventions:
Daily delirium screening with the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium.

Measurements and Main Results:
Eight children required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the study period, with a median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration of 202 hours (interquartile range, 99–302). All eight children developed delirium during their cardiothoracic ICU stay. Seventy-two days on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were included in the analysis. A majority of patient days on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were spent in coma (65%). Delirium was diagnosed during 21% of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days. Only 13% of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days were categorized as delirium free and coma free. Delirium screening was successfully completed on 70/72 days on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (97%).

Conclusions:
In this cohort, delirium occurred in all children who required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. It is likely that this patient population has an extremely high risk for delirium and will benefit from routine screening in order to detect and treat delirium sooner. This has potential to improve both short- and long-term outcomes.
Early steps toward understanding neuronal communication
Authors: Snyder Adam C. , Smith Matthew A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
The computational power of the brain arises from the complex interactions between neurons. One straightforward method to quantify the strength of neuronal interactions is by measuring correlation and coherence. Efforts to measure correlation have been advancing rapidly of late, spurred by the development of advanced recording technologies enabling recording from many neurons and brain areas simultaneously. This review highlights recent results that provide clues into the principles of neural coordination, connections to cognitive and neurological phenomena, and key directions for future research.

Recent findings
The correlation structure of neural activity in the brain has important consequences for the encoding properties of neural populations. Recent studies have shown that this correlation structure is not fixed, but adapts in a variety of contexts in ways that appear beneficial to task performance. By studying these changes in biological neural networks and computational models, researchers have improved our understanding of the principles guiding neural communication.

Summary
Correlation and coherence are highly informative metrics for studying coding and communication in the brain. Recent findings have emphasized how the brain modifies correlation structure dynamically in order to improve information-processing in a goal-directed fashion. One key direction for future research concerns how to leverage these dynamic changes for therapeutic purposes.
Comparing the constructions of Goldberg, Fuller, Caspar, Klug and Coxeter, and a general approach to local symmetry-preserving operations
Authors: Brinkmann Gunnar , Goetschalckx Pieter , Schein Stan 
Published: October 2017

The use of operations on polyhedra possibly dates back to the ancient Greeks, who were the first to describe the Archimedean solids, which can be constructed from the Platonic solids by local symmetry-preserving operations (e.g. truncation) on the solid. By contrast, the results of decorations of polyhedra, e.g. by Islamic artists and by Escher, have been interpreted as decorated polyhedra—and not as new and different polyhedra. Only by interpreting decorations as combinatorial operations does it become clear how closely these two approaches are connected. In this article, we first sketch and compare the operations of Goldberg, Fuller, Caspar & Klug and Coxeter to construct polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry, where all faces are pentagons or hexagons and all vertices have three neighbours. We point out and correct an error in Goldberg’s construction. In addition, we transform the term
symmetry-preserving
into an exact requirement. This goal, symmetry-preserving, could also be obtained by taking global properties into account, e.g. the symmetry group itself, so we make precise the terms
local
and
operation
. As a result, we can generalize Goldberg’s approach to a systematic one that uses
chamber operations
to encompass all local symmetry-preserving operations on polyhedra.
Fish Diversity as a Function of Depth and Body Size
Authors: Stiefel Klaus M. , Quimpo Timothy Joseph R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe analyze the number of marine fish species as a function of fish body size and occurrence depth. For this purpose, we analyze the FishBase database. We compare these data to predictions of fish species numbers derived from the neutral theory of biodiversity combined with well-established ecological scaling laws, and measured oceanic biomass data. We consider several variants of these scaling laws, and we find that more large fish species exist compared to the prediction, which is especially true for elasmobranchs, possibly due to their overwhelmingly predatory niches. We find species numbers decreasing with occurrence depth somewhat quicker than our predictions based on the decrease of the number of individuals with depth indicates. This is especially true for the elasmobranchs. This is unsurprising, since the individuals versus depth data did not specifically determine elasmobranch biomass, and since sharks are known to be limited to depths < 3,000 m.Finally, we discuss how a reduced rate of speciation in larger animals could explain why large species are rare, in spite of the advantages of large body sizes outlined in Cope’s rule.
Hsp90 dictates viral sequence space by balancing the evolutionary tradeoffs between protein stability, aggregation and translation rate
Authors: Geller Ron , Pechmann Sebastian , Acevedo Ashley , Andino Raul , Frydman Judith 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcquisition of mutations is central to evolution but the detrimental effects of most mutations on protein folding and stability limit protein evolvability. Molecular chaperones, which suppress aggregation and facilitate polypeptide folding, are proposed to promote sequence diversification by buffering destabilizing mutations. However, whether and how chaperones directly control protein evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we examine the effect of reducing the activity of the key eukaryotic chaperone Hsp90 on poliovirus evolution. Contrary to predictions of a buffering model, inhibiting Hsp90 increases population sequence diversity and promotes accumulation of mutations reducing protein stability. Explaining this counterintuitive observation, we find that Hsp90 offsets the evolutionary tradeoff between protein stability and aggregation. Lower chaperone levels favor sequence variants of reduced hydrophobicity, thus decreasing protein aggregation propensity but at a cost to protein stability. Notably, reducing Hsp90 activity also promotes clusters of codon-deoptimized synonymous mutations at inter-domain boundaries, likely to promote local ribosomal slowdown to facilitate cotranslational domain folding. Our results reveal how a chaperone can shape the sequence landscape at both the protein and RNA levels to harmonize the competing constraints posed by protein stability, aggregation propensity and translation rate on successful protein biogenesis.
For sensation’s sake
Authors: Stoermer Sebastian , Davies Samuel E. , Bahrisch Oliver , Portniagin Fedor 
Published: October 2017

PurposeCorporate business activities can require expatriates to relocate to dangerous countries. Applying the expectancy value theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in female and male expatriates in their relocation willingness to dangerous countries as a function of sensation seeking. The authors further examine money orientation as a moderator of the effects of sensation seeking.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is comprised of 148 expatriates currently residing in safe host countries. The authors build and examine a moderated mediation model using the PROCESS tool.FindingsThe results show that male expatriates are more sensation seeking than female expatriates. Further, the results indicate a positive main effect of sensation seeking on relocation willingness to dangerous countries. Most importantly, sensation seeking was found to mediate the effects of gender on relocation willingness. Accordingly, male expatriates are more willing to relocate to dangerous countries due to higher sensation seeking. Money orientation was not found to interact with sensation seeking.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors analyzed cross-sectional data. Future studies are encouraged to use multi-wave research designs and to examine further predictors, as well as mediators and moderators of relocation willingness to dangerous countries. Another limitation is the low number of organizational expatriates in the sample.Practical implicationsThe study provides implications for the process of selecting eligible individuals who are willing to relocate to dangerous countries.Originality/valueThe study is among the first research endeavors to investigate antecedents of expatriates’ relocation willingness to dangerous countries. The authors also introduce the sensation seeking construct to the literature on expatriation management.
Familial acanthosis nigricans with p.K650T FGFR3 mutation
Authors: Fukuchi Kensuke , Tatsuno Kazuki , Matsushita Kayo , Kubo Akiharu , Ito Taisuke , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcanthosis nigricans (AN) is a pigmentary skin disorder, which may present in association with clinical disorders such as obesity and malignancy. Occasionally, this unique skin manifestation is seen in alliance with several skeletal disorders, such Crouzon syndrome, achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia (HCH). These orthopedic disorders are known to have genetic changes in FGFR3. Recently, AN was reported in HCH with p.K650T mutation in FGFR3, and to date, there are only three reports, comprising 18 cases, describing AN harboring this specific gene mutation. Herein, we detail three new cases of AN with p.K650T FGFR3 mutation, and review the 21 known cases.
Outline of a sociology of decisionism
Authors: Abend Gabriel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractI propose an agenda for empirical research on decision, choice, decision‐makers, and decision‐makingquasocial facts. Given societyS, groupG, or fieldF, I make a twofold sociological proposal. First, empirically investigate the conditions under which something—call itX—is taken to be a decision or choice, or the outcome of a decision‐making process. What mustXbe like? What doesn't count (besides, presumably, myotatic reflexes and blushing)? Whom or what mustXbe done by? What can't be a decision‐maker (besides, presumably, rocks and apples)? Second, empirically investigate how decision/choice concepts are used in everyday life, politics, business, education, law, technology, and science. What are they used for? To what extent do people understand and represent themselves and others as decision‐makers? Where do decision‐centric or “decisionist” understandings succeed? These aren't armchair, theoretical, philosophical questions, but empirical ones. Decision/choice concepts’ apparent ubiquity in contemporary societies calls for a well‐thought‐out research program on their social life and uses.
Cross‐Firm Real Earnings Management
Authors: EINHORN ETI , LANGBERG NISAN , VERSANO TSAHI 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTOur analysis is rooted in the notion that stockholders can learn about the fundamental value of any firm from observing the earnings reports of its rivals. We argue that such intraindustry information transfers, which have been broadly documented in the empirical literature, may motivate managers to alter stockholders’ beliefs about the value of their firm not only by manipulating their own earnings report but also by influencing the earnings reports of rival firms. Managers obviously do not have access to the accounting system of peer firms, but they can nevertheless influence the earnings reports of rival firms by distorting real transactions that relate to the product market competition. We demonstrate such managerial behavior, which we refer to as cross‐firm real earnings management, and explore its potential consequences and interrelation with the practice of accounting‐based earnings management within an industry setting with imperfect (nonproprietary) accounting information.
The Effect of Different Methods of Fermentation on the Detection of Milk Protein Residues in Retail Cheese by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Authors: Ivens Katherine O. , Baumert Joseph L. , Hutkins Robert L. , Taylor Steve L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMilk and milk products are among the most important allergenic food ingredients, both in the United States and throughout the world; cheeses are among the most important of these milk products. Milk contains several major antigenic proteins, each with differing susceptibilities to proteolytic enzymes. The extent of proteolysis in cheese varies as a result of conditions during manufacture and ripening. Proteolysis has the potential to degrade antigenic and allergenic epitopes that are important for residue detection and elicitation of allergic reactions. Commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are not currently validated for use in detecting residues in hydrolyzed or fermented food products. Eighteen retail cheeses produced using 5 different styles of fermentation were investigated for detectable milk protein residues with 4 commercial ELISA kits. Mozzarella, Swiss, Blue, Limburger, and Brie cheeses were assessed. The Neogen Veratox® Casein and Neogen Veratox® Total Milk kits were capable of detecting milk residues in most cheeses evaluated, including blue‐veined cheeses that exhibit extensive proteolysis. The other 2 ELISA kits evaluated, r‐Biopharm® Fast Casein and ELISA Systems™ Casein, can detect milk residues in cheeses other than blue‐veined varieties. ELISA results cannot be quantitatively compared among kits. The quantitative reliability of ELISA results in detection of cheese residues is questionable, but some methods are sufficiently robust to use as a semi‐quantitative indication of proper allergen control for the validation of cleaning programs in industry settings.Practical ApplicationMany commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are not validated for detection of allergenic residues in fermented or hydrolyzed products. This research seeks to determine if commercial milk ELISAs can detect milk residues in varieties of cheese that have undergone different styles of fermentation and different degrees of proteolysis. Only certain milk ELISA kits are capable of detecting residues in all varieties of cheese. However, commercial milk ELISA kits are capable of semiquantitative detection of cheese residues in foods, or in industry settings for the validation of allergen cleaning programs.
Electrophysiological effects of desflurane in children with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Hino H. , Oda Y. , Yoshida Y. , Suzuki T. , Shimada M. , Nishikawa K. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundWe hypothesized that, compared with propofol, desflurane prolongs the antegrade accessory pathway effective refractory period (APERP) in children undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome.MethodsIn this randomized crossover study, children aged 4.1−16.1 years undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for WPW syndrome were randomly divided into four groups according to the concentration of desflurane and anesthetics used in the first and the second electrophysiological studies (EPS). After induction of general anesthesia with propofol and tracheal intubation, they received one of the following regimens: 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) desflurane (first EPS) and propofol (second EPS) (Des0.5‐Prop group, n = 8); propofol (first EPS) and 0.5 MAC desflurane (second EPS) (Prop‐Des0.5 group, n = 9); 1 MAC desflurane (first EPS) and propofol (second EPS) (Des1.0‐Prop group, n = 10); propofol (first EPS) and 1 MAC desflurane (second EPS) (Prop‐Des1.0 group, n = 9). Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed upon completion of EPS. Sample size was determined to detect a difference in the APERP.ResultsDesflurane at 1.0 MAC significantly prolonged the APERP compared with propofol, but did not affect the sinoatrial conduction time, atrio‐His interval or atrioventricular node effective refractory period. Supraventricular tachycardia was induced in all children receiving propofol, but not induced in 1 and 4 children receiving 0.5 MAC and 1.0 MAC desflurane, respectively.ConclusionDesflurane enhances the refractoriness and may block the electrical conduction of the atrioventricular accessory pathway, and is therefore not suitable for use in children undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for WPW syndrome.
Emerging roles of innate lymphoid cells in inflammatory diseases: Clinical implications
Authors: Kortekaas Krohn I. , Shikhagaie M. M. , Golebski K. , Bernink J. H. , Breynaert C. , Creyns B. , Diamant Z. , Fokkens W. J. , Gevaert P. , Hellings P. , Hendriks R. W. , Klimek L. , Mjösberg J. , Morita H. , Ogg G. S. , O'Mahony L. , Schwarze J. , Seys S. F. , Shamji M. H. , Bal S. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILC) represent a group of lymphocytes that lack specific antigen receptors and are relatively rare as compared to adaptive lymphocytes. ILCs play important roles in allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases due to their location at barrier surfaces within the airways, gut, and skin, and they respond to cytokines produced by activated cells in their local environment. Innate lymphoid cells contribute to the immune response by the release of cytokines and other mediators, forming a link between innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, these cells have been extensively characterized and their role in animal models of disease has been investigated. Data to translate the relevance of ILCs in human pathology, and the potential role of ILCs in diagnosis, as biomarkers and/or as future treatment targets are also emerging. This review, produced by a task force of the Immunology Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), encompassing clinicians and researchers, highlights the role of ILCs in human allergic and nonallergic diseases in the airways, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, with a focus on new insights into clinical implications, therapeutic options, and future research opportunities.
Understanding the associations and significance of fetal movements in overweight or obese pregnant women: a systematic review
Authors: Bradford Billie F. , Thompson John M.D. , Heazell Alexander E.P. , Mccowan Lesley M.E. , McKinlay Chris J.D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionPresentation with decreased fetal movement (DFM) is associated with fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. Some studies report that DFM is frequent among overweight or obese mothers. We aimed to determine the significance and associations of fetal movements in women of increased body size.Material and methodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016046352). Major databases were explored from inception to September 2017, using a predefined search strategy. We restricted inclusion to studies published in English and considered studies of any design that compared fetal movements in women of increased and normal body size. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed quality.ResultsWe included 23 publications from 19 observational studies; data were extracted from 10 studies. Increased maternal body size was not associated with altered perception of fetal movement (four studies, 95 women, very low‐quality evidence), but was associated with increased presentation for DFM (two cohort studies, 20 588 women, OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27–1.92: three case‐control studies, 3445 women, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.54; low‐quality evidence). Among women with DFM, increased maternal body size was associated with increased risk of stillbirth and fetal growth restriction (one study, 2168 women, very low‐quality evidence).ConclusionsThis systematic review identified limited evidence that women with increased body size are more likely to present with DFM but do not have impaired perception of fetal movements. In women with DFM, increased body size is associated with worse pregnancy outcome, including stillbirth.