bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical factors associated with syphilis concordance in men in sexual partnerships: a cross-sectional couples study
Authors: Towns Janet M , Huffam Sarah , Chow Eric P F , Denham Ian , Zhang Lei , Ryan Andrea , Bellhouse Clare Elizabeth , Bissessor Melanie , Bradshaw Catriona S , Phillips Tiffany , Graves Stephen , Fairley Christopher K , Chen Marcus Y 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSyphilis infections continue to increase among men who have sex with men (MSM) in many countries, with rates often higher among HIV-positive MSM. There is limited understanding of the risk and determinants of syphilis transmission between men. We aimed to examine the concordance of early syphilis infection between male sexual partners and clinical factors associated with transmission.MethodsMen attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre with their male partners, where at least one was diagnosed with early syphilis, were identified from linkage of partner records between March 2011 and April 2016. Early latent syphilis was defined as a new asymptomatic syphilis presentation of less than 2 years’ duration. Associations between concordance and potential risk factors were examined using Fisher’s exact test.ResultsAmong 43 couples (86 men) identified, there were 13 couples (26 men) where both were diagnosed with early syphilis, representing a concordance rate of 30.2% (95% CI 17.2% to 46.1%). Among the 13 concordant couples, 5 men had primary syphilis (4 penile, 1 anal), 11 secondary syphilis (8 generalised rash, 3 penile, 2 anal, 1 oral lesion) and 10 early latent infections. Concordance was higher among couples where at least one partner had secondary syphilis compared with couples where neither partner had secondary syphilis (53% (9/17) vs 15% (4/26), P=0.016). Furthermore, concordance was higher among couples where one was HIV positive compared with couples where both were HIV negative (62% (5/8) vs 23% (8/35), P=0.042).ConclusionsThere was an overall concordance rate of 30%. Higher concordance rates for early syphilis infection between male sexual partners were associated with HIV and secondary syphilis.
Vulnerability assessment and its validation: the Gömör-Torna Karst, Hungary and Slovakia
Authors: Iván Veronika , Mádl-Szőnyi Judit 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Reliability is the greatest concern in recent karst vulnerability assessments. Checking the validity of results and understanding the operation of karst systems are therefore the most promising areas for improvement. We report an application of the Slovene Approach to a test site in the Gömör-Torna Karst of Hungary and Slovakia. The resource vulnerability map provided an appropriate result and showed that the overlying sediments and thicker soil may effectively decrease the vulnerability of this unconfined area. The source vulnerability of the Kis-Tohonya Spring was evaluated for the purposes of protection zoning. The results of long-term hydrograph and recession curve analyses were helpful in understanding the functioning of the Kis-Tohonya Spring and the karst system. The importance of the different regimes contributing to the slow and fast flow of the spring under different hydrological conditions was shown. Ongoing research aims to feed these results back into the source vulnerability assessment of the spring.
Alteration in upper airway dilator muscle coactivation during sleep: comparison of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy subjects
Authors: Oliven Ron , Cohen Guy , Dotan Yaniv , Somri Mostafa , Schwartz Alan R. , Oliven Arie 
Published: November 2017

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), substantial increases in genioglossus (GG) activity during hypopneas/apneas usually fail to restore normal airflow. We have previously suggested that sleep-induced alteration in tongue muscle coordination may explain this finding, as retractor muscle coactivation was reduced during sleep compared with wakefulness. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether these alterations in dilator muscle activation during sleep play a role in the pathogenesis of OSA and whether coactivation of additional peripharyngeal muscles (non-GG muscles: styloglossus, geniohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid) is also impaired during sleep. We compared GG and non-GG muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in 8 patients with OSA and 12 healthy subjects during wakefulness while breathing through inspiratory resistors with the activity observed during sleep toward the end of flow limitation, before arousal, at equivalent esophageal pressures. During wakefulness, resistive breathing triggered increases in both GG and non-GG muscle activity. During sleep, flow limitation was associated with increases in GG-EMG that reached, on average, >2-fold the level observed while awake. In contrast, EMGs of the non-GG muscles, recorded simultaneously, reached, on average, only ~2/3 the wakefulness level. We conclude that during sleep GG activity may increase to levels that substantially exceed those sufficient to prevent pharyngeal collapse during wakefulness, whereas other peripharyngeal muscles do not coactivate during sleep in both patients with OSA and healthy subjects. We speculate that upper airway muscle dyssynchrony during sleep may explain why GG-EMG activation fails to alleviate flow limitation and stabilize airway patency during sleep. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pharyngeal obstruction during sleep may trigger genioglossus activity to levels substantially exceeding those observed during wakefulness, without ameliorating flow limitation. In contrast, other peripharyngeal muscles exhibit a much lower activity during sleep in both patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy subjects. Coordinated muscular synergy stabilizes the pharynx despite relatively low activity while awake, yet even higher genioglossal activity allows the pharynx to obstruct when simultaneous activity of other dilator muscles is inadequate during sleep.
Tinnitus Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Benign Brain Tumors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Secondary Cohort Study of Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Chen Jin-Cherng , Koo Malcolm , Hwang Juen-Haur 
Published: November 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> It remains unclear whether tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign or malignant brain tumors in humans. Therefore, the aim of this secondary study was to investigate the risk of brain tumors in adult with tinnitus using data from a nationwide health claims research database. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients aged 20–50 years who were newly diagnosed with tinnitus were identified from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and they served as the study cohort. A comparison cohort was formed by using patients without tinnitus from the same database with frequency matching (4: 1) by 10-year age interval and gender to the patients in the tinnitus cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for benign and malignant brain tumors in patients with tinnitus, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 15,819 patients in the tinnitus cohort and 63,276 in the comparison cohort. A significantly higher proportion of patients with tinnitus had benign brain tumor (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and all 11 comorbid conditions (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) compared to those without tinnitus. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis performed on the basis of age, gender, and the 11 comorbidities revealed that tinnitus was independently associated with a higher risk for benign brain tumor (AHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.20, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and but not with malignant brain tumors (AHR 1.66, 95% CI 0.93–2.94, <i>p</i> = 0.085). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Findings from this secondary cohort analysis indicated that tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign brain tumors.
The Duty of Care for Citizens Abroad: Security and Responsibility in the In Amenas and Fukushima Crises
Authors: Græger Nina , Yennie Lindgren Wrenn 
Published: November 2017

Summary
This article analyses the state’s duty of care (DoC) for citizens who fall victim to unforeseen catastrophic or violent events abroad. The DoC highlights the challenges, dynamics and relations involved in diplomatic practice that is aimed at protecting citizens outside of state borders and where traditional security concepts have little relevance. How has a globalized, more insecure world — with shifting relations and responsibilities among states, their subordinates and other carers — affected the provision of DoC? How do governments and private actors act on the DoC during and after crises? To illustrate, the article draws on the terrorist attack at a gas facility in Algeria in 2013 and the nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011, focusing particularly on the Norwegian framework and approach to protecting citizens abroad. In both crises, implementing the DoC required practical skills and measures beyond traditional diplomacy and institutionalized crisis mechanisms.
Nocturnal Elevated Convection Initiation of the PECAN 4 July Hailstorm
Authors: Wilson J. W. , Trier S. B. , Reif D. W. , Roberts R. D. , Weckwerth T. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment, an isolated hailstorm developed on the western side of the PECAN study area on the night of 3–4 July 2015. One of the objectives of PECAN was to advance knowledge of the processes and conditions leading to pristine nocturnal convection initiation (CI). This nocturnal hailstorm developed more than 160 km from any other convective storms and in the absence of any surface fronts or bores. The storm initiated within 110 km of the S-Pol radar; directly over a vertically pointing Doppler lidar; within 25 km of the University of Wyoming King Air flight track; within a network of nine sounding sites taking 2-hourly soundings; and near a mobile mesonet track. Importantly, even beyond 100 km in range, S-Pol observed the preconvection initiation cloud that was collocated with the satellite infrared cloud image and provided information on the evolution of cloud growth. The multiple observations of cloud base, thermodynamic stability, and direct updraft observations were used to determine that the updraft roots were elevated. Diagnostic analysis presented in the paper suggests that CI was aided by lower-tropospheric gravity waves occurring in an environment of weak but persistent mesoscale lifting.
Alarmins in Frozen Shoulder: A Molecular Association Between Inflammation and Pain
Authors: Cher Jonathon Z.B. , Akbar Moeed , Kitson Susan , Crowe Lindsay A.N. , Garcia-Melchor Emma , Hannah Stephen C. , McLean Michael , Fazzi Umberto G. , Kerr Shauna C. , Murrell George A.C. , Millar Neal L. 
Published: November 2017

Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms behind proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of dense collagen matrix in idiopathic frozen shoulder remain unclear. Alarmins (also known as danger signals) are endogenous molecules that are released into the extracellular milieu after infection or tissue injury and that signal cell and tissue damage. Purpose: To investigate whether the presence of alarmins is higher in patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder than in control subjects. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Shoulder capsule samples were collected from 10 patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder and 10 patients with unstable shoulders (control). The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against alarmin molecules including high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), interleukin 33, S100A8, S100A9, and the peripheral nerve marker PGP9.5. Immunoreactivities were rated in a blinded fashion from “none” to “strong.” Immunohistochemical distribution within the capsule was noted. Before surgery, patient-ranked pain frequency, severity, stiffness, and the range of passive shoulder motion were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: Compared with control patients, patients with frozen shoulder had greater frequency and severity of self-reported pain ( P = .02) and more restricted range of motion in all planes ( P < .05). H&E-stained capsular tissue from frozen shoulder showed fibroblastic hypercellularity and increased subsynovial vascularity. Immunoreactivity of alarmins was significantly stronger in frozen shoulder capsules compared with control capsules ( P < .05). Furthermore, the expression of the alarmin molecule HMGB1 significantly correlated ( r > 0.9, P < .05) with the severity of patient-reported pain. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a potential role for key molecular danger signals in frozen shoulder and suggests an association between the expression of danger molecules and the pain experienced by patients.
Postmortem Diagnostic Exome Sequencing Identifies a De Novo TUBB3 Alteration in a Newborn With Prenatally Diagnosed Hydrocephalus and Suspected Walker–Warburg Syndrome
Authors: Powis Zöe , Chamberlin Adam C , Alamillo Christina L , Ceulemans Sophia , Bird Lynne M , Tang Sha 
Published: November 2017

Objective Herein, we report a case of a deceased newborn with prenatally detected hydrocephalus. Postnatal findings included abnormal brain imaging and electroencephalogram, optic nerve abnormalities, and elevated creatine kinase (CK). No underlying genetic etiology had been previously identified for the proband, despite testing with a congenital muscular dystrophy gene panel. Methods Diagnostic exome sequencing (DES) was performed on the proband-parents trio, and candidate alterations were confirmed using automated fluorescence dideoxy sequencing. Results Exome sequencing of the proband, mother and father identified a previously unreported apparently de novo heterozygous tubulin, beta-3 ( TUBB3) c.523G>C (p.V175L) alteration in the proband. Conclusion Overall, DES established a likely molecular genetic diagnosis for a postmortem case after traditional testing methods were uninformative. The DES results allowed for reproductive options, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis and/or prenatal diagnosis, to be available to the parents in future pregnancies.
Return to work after young stroke: A systematic review
Authors: Edwards Jodi D. , Kapoor Arunima , Linkewich Elizabeth , Swartz Richard H. 
Published: November 2017

Background The incidence of stroke in young adults is increasing. While many young survivors are able to achieve a good physical recovery, subtle dysfunction in other domains, such as cognition, often persists, and could affect return to work. However, reported estimates of return to work and factors affecting vocational outcome post-stroke vary greatly. Aims The aims of this systematic review were to determine the frequency of return to work at different time points after stroke and identify predictors of return to work. Summary of review Two electronic databases (Medline and Embase) were systematically searched for articles according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 6473 records were screened, 68 were assessed for eligibility, and 29 met all inclusion criteria (working-age adults with stroke, return to work evaluated as an outcome, follow-up duration reported, and publication within the past 20 years). Return to work increased with time, with median frequency increasing from 41% between 0 and 6 months, 53% at 1 year, 56% at 1.5 years to 66% between 2 and 4 years post-stroke. Greater independence in activities of daily living, fewer neurological deficits, and better cognitive ability were the most common predictors of return to work. Conclusion This review highlights the need to examine return to work in relation to time from stroke and assess cognition in working age and young stroke survivors. The full range of factors affecting return to work has not yet been explored and further evaluations of return to work interventions are warranted.
National Study of Burnout and Career Satisfaction Among Physician Assistants in Oncology: Implications for Team-Based Care
Authors: Tetzlaff Eric Daniel , Hylton Heather Marie , DeMora Lyudmila , Ruth Karen , Wong Yu-Ning 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: A high rate of burnout has been reported in oncology physicians. Physician assistants (PAs) may also face similar risks of burnout. We sought to measure the personal and professional characteristics associated with burnout and career satisfaction and the potential impact on the oncology PA workforce. Participants and Methods: A national survey of PAs in oncology was completed by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory from September 2015 to January 2016. Results: In all, 855 PAs were contacted and 250 submitted complete surveys (response rate, 29.2%). Respondents were representative of PAs in oncology with a mean age of 41.8 years, females (88.8%), academic practice (55.2%), urban location (61.2%), outpatient (74.4%), medical oncology (75.2%), worked 41 to 50 hours per week (52.8%), and had a mean of 9.6 years as a PA in oncology. Burnout was reported in 34.8% of PAs, 30.4% reported high emotional exhaustion, 17.6% reported high depersonalization, and 19.6% reported a low sense of personal accomplishment. In multivariable analysis, age, time spent on indirect patient care, oncology subspecialty, and relationship with collaborating physician were factors associated with burnout. Career and specialty satisfaction was high (86.4% and 88.8%, respectively). In the next 2 years, only 3.6% of PAs plan to pursue a different career or specialty and only 2.0% plan to retire. Conclusion: Despite high career and specialty satisfaction, burnout is reported in one third of PAs in oncology. Further exploration of the relationship between PAs and collaborating physicians may provide insight on methods to decrease burnout. Negligible short-term attrition of the current oncology PA workforce is anticipated.
The evolution of knowledge in sericultural research as observed through a science mapping approach
Authors: Zambrano-Gonzalez Giselle , Ramirez-Gonzalez Gustavo , Almanza-P Martha I. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Sericulture, since its discovery in China, has spread to become a valued activity in a range of other countries. China remains the leading producer of silk, followed by India and other Asian countries, Europe, Brazil and Colombia. This article examines the evolution of sericultural research between 1892 and 2016, identifying the main themes and applications. Methods: The SciMat software tool and the Bibliometrix R package were used as tools for data analysis in this study, based on records from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Results: The results show that research has been growing, both in number of publications from the 1990s onwards, and in the emergence of topics closely related to the sericulture research field, a field that proves to be multi-disciplinary, exhibiting expansion and vitality. Conclusions: The information gathered will contribute greatly to the definition of relevant research strands, bearing in mind a number of significant gaps in information in this field. It will furthermore provide a better insight into the development of sericulture research over time.
Understanding and managing constipation in older adults
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: November 2017

Constipation is a common problem in older adults. Linda Nazarko provides an overview of the causes and how to manage this distressing condition in primary care Constipation is often considered a trivial complaint; however, the NHS spends around £250 million a year treating this symptom. It leads to 66 287 hospital admissions costing £145 million and primary care spends around £92 million on laxative prescriptions ( Shafe et al, 2011 ; Department of Health, 2014; NHS Information Centre, 2016 ). Older people are more likely to experience constipation than younger people. The prevention and treatment of constipation is more complex in older people; however, we currently lack specific national guidance on this subject. This article outlines the causes of this common symptom, explores normal bowel function and explains what factors can lead to constipation and how these can be identified and treated.
Script development: Defining the field
Authors: Batty Craig , Taylor Stayci , Sawtell Louise , Conor Bridget 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Through an extensive survey of the field, this article asks, what is script development? How is it defined in industry discourse and in screenwriting scholarship? While definitions of script development can be found across the spectrum of screenwriting and screen production resources, ranging from the instructional guidelines offered by funding bodies to references in the how-to market, the article posits that academic scholarship on the practice is still emerging. As such, this article seeks to establish a platform from which we can both define and conceive of further research into script development – however it might be named, practiced and studied – possibly as a sub-discipline of screenwriting studies and/or central to the study of screenwriting practice. The article brings together extant definitions and documented experiences of script development, to offer a basis from which to discuss both academic and practice-based approaches to the phenomenon. While not suggesting that the practice of script development should be standardized or limited by definition, the article does argue for the importance of investigating the available definitions and identifying the gaps in literature. By seeking out the various angles and overlaps of those researching in this field, the article proposes to begin a conversation and invite further research around what script development is and looks like in various international contexts.
A Música como atividade interativa no desenvolvimento crítico e social da Educação Infantil
Authors: Pereira Maria Matilde De Barros 
Published: November 2017

Este estudo aborda a música como meio lúdico na educação infantil, interagindo entre a escola e o aluno, facilitando o aprendizado e o desenvolvimento psicosocial por meio do lúdico, o que vai contribuir para a atividade educativa do dia a dia da criança; a música é uma linguagem que se traduz em formas sonoras capazes de expressar e comunicar sensações, sentimentos e pensamentos, estando presente em todas as culturas e fazendo parte da educação desde os tempos remotos, sendo considerada como fundamental para a formação dos cidadãos, por ser uma arte com capacidade de fazer pensar e educar. É uma das formas importantes no contexto da educação, especialmente na educação infantil, pela facilidade que ela proporciona à aprendizagem. Percebeu-se, através dessa pesquisa, que houve grande evolução na compreensão do ensino educacional e psicosocial, quando se utiliza a música de forma simples e prazerosa, beneficiando o educando e facilitando o trabalho docente em sala de aula.