bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard melanoma-associated markers do not identify the MM127 metastatic melanoma cell line
Authors: Haridas Parvathi , McGovern Jacqui A. , Kashyap Abhishek S. , McElwain D. L. Sean , Simpson Matthew J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReliable identification of different melanoma cell lines is important for many aspects of melanoma research. Common markers used to identify melanoma cell lines include: S100; HMB-45; and Melan-A. We explore the expression of these three markers in four different melanoma cell lines: WM35; WM793; SK-MEL-28; and MM127. The expression of these markers is examined at both the mRNA and protein level. Our results show that the metastatic cell line, MM127, cannot be detected using any of the commonly used melanoma-associated markers. This implies that it would be very difficult to identify this particular cell line in a heterogeneous sample and as a result this cell line should be used with care.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic and Luminescent Rare Earth/Polymer complex Films
Authors: Wang Zefeng , Ye Weiwei , Luo Xinran , Wang Zhonggang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe motivation of this work is to create luminescent rare earth/polymer films with outstanding water-resistance and superhydrophobicity. Specifically, the emulsion polymerization of styrene leads to core particles. Then core-shell-structured polymer nanoparticles are synthesized by copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid on the core surface. The coordination reaction between carboxylic groups and rare earth ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+) generates uniform spherical rare earth/polymer nanoparticles, which are subsequently complexed with PTFE microparticles to obtain micro-/nano-scaled PTFE/rare earth films with hierarchical rough morphology. The films exhibit large water contact angle up to 161° and sliding angle of about 6° and can emit strong red and green fluorescence under UV excitation. More surprisingly, it is found that the films maintain high fluorescence intensity after submersed in water and even in aqueous salt solution for two days because of the excellent water repellent ability of surfaces.
Double-Wire versus Single-Wire Sternal Closure in Obese Patients: a Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Kuehnel Ralf , Claus Thomas , Hartrumpf Martin , Kuepper Frank , Pohl Manfred , Albes Johannes , Loladze Giorgi 
Published: April 2016

Background Sternal instability after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a serious complication. Obese patients are at high risk for sternal instability after CABG. This study was conducted to assess the positive impact of double-wire sternal closure on sternal instability.
Methods A total of 200 obese patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 undergoing isolated CABG with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft were randomly assigned to sternal closure either by eight single wires (n = 100) or by a combination of four double wires and four single wires.
Results There was a total of 21 cases with sternal instability: 5 cases (i.e., 5%) in the double-wire group versus 16 cases (16%) in the single-wire group (p = 0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed sternal closure via double wires as an independent protection factor (odds ratio [OR]: 0.276; p = 0.029). Smoking (OR: 5.5; p = 0.006) and postoperative delirium (OR: 3.5; p = 0.033) turned out to be independent risk factors for the development of sternal instability.
Conclusion Double-wire sternal closure significantly reduces postoperative sternal instability in obese patients undergoing isolated CABG with LIMA graft.
Debating legitimacy transnationally
Authors: Meine Anna 
Published: April 2016

As modes and institutions of governance proliferate beyond the state, legitimacy has become a key concept for assessing, supporting or contesting not only the domestic but also the international political order. Often, however, it tends to be used as an umbrella term encompassing different standards of evaluation. How we are to understand legitimacy beyond the state systemically and to relate the different discussions on legitimacy to each other or to the legitimacy of our political order in its entirety are questions yet to be answered.
Against this background, I aim to systematise the underlying issues and questions discussed in contemporary politics and in academic debates by means of a relational conception of political legitimacy. This conception stresses the importance of a constructive relation between institutions and those subject to them, i.e. between objects and subjects of legitimacy. They form the frame of the norms and processes, implied in conceptions of legitimacy. By foregrounding this relation, it becomes visible that debates on norms and processes, which transcend the state, implicate uncertainties, if not struggles about the subjects and objects of legitimacy. Thus, making explicit and discussing openly who the subjects of legitimacy are and how they are or should be related to the objects of legitimacy constitutes a jurisdictional challenge. This is a challenge we have to face if we accept and apply legitimacy as a valid standard for transnational politics. In addition, determining the subject of legitimacy constitutes a conceptual and political challenge, which becomes especially relevant when debating legitimacy transnationally. While both challenges call for broadening and deepening our understanding of legitimate political orders as well as legitimate second-order decisions, the latter, in particular, constitutes a meta-jurisdictional task when thinking about and debating the legitimacy of political orders.
Food supply chain: are UK SMEs aware of concept, drivers, benefits and barriers, and frameworks of traceability?
Authors: Mattevi Mattia , Jones Jeffrey A 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
In this paper the degree of understanding of traceability concept, drivers, systems’ characteristics, benefits and barriers, and frameworks is tested with focus on UK small and medium businesses (SMEs) that operate in the food supply chain (FSC).

Design/methodology/approach
This study employs a survey strategy by means of a questionnaire that was sent to food and drink companies operating in the FSC. 164 SMEs answered the questionnaire. Answers were analysed by means of frequency distributions, coding, and pattern matching.

Findings
UK SMEs appear to have a moderate understanding of the definition of traceability. The main drivers for traceability implementation are product safety and quality, even more than regulation. It is also found that SMEs do not consider technology as driver to implement traceability. In term of frameworks employed, about half of the SMEs stated that they were regulatory compliant, and followed industry standards. Furthermore, in term of traceability systems’ characteristics, one out of three companies have a basic system in place (only regulatory compliant), while two out of three have a more sophisticated system, with many companies voluntarily tracing the material during the production process, while chain traceability appears not to be widely implemented. Finally, it is felt that the benefits of traceability outweigh the barriers/disadvantages, with the main benefits found in the area of crisis management. Nonetheless, it appears that many benefits are still unknown to SMEs, especially in relation to the firm’s operations/strategy. Some implications for government and managers are suggested.

Originality/value
This study fills the gap found in the literature where few recent academic papers focused attention on SMEs awareness of traceability in the FSC.
Price satisfaction and producer loyalty: the role of mediators in business to business relationships in Kenyan mango supply chain
Authors: Mutonyi Sarah , Beukel Karin , Gyau Amos , Hjortsø Carsten Nico 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate which dimensions of price satisfaction influence producers’ trust in buyers and assess the mediating role of such trust in the relationship between price satisfaction and producer loyalty in fresh fruit supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study design using both semi-structured interviews and structured questionnaires was used. The study was conducted in the eastern part of Kenya and included 600 smallholders. Data was analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings
The results show that price fairness, price reliability, and relative price are dimensions of price satisfaction that affect producers’ trust in the buyer. Moreover, trust between the producer and the buyer is found to be a strong mediator between price satisfaction and producer loyalty. The findings support recent studies about trust and its mediating role.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is based on a cross-sectional study design, limiting the causal inferences which can be drawn. Producers’ preferences change with time and future studies should be based on longitudinal designs.

Originality/value
This paper shows the relationship between the multidimensional nature of price satisfaction and producer loyalty with trust as a mediating variable in the business-to-business (B2B) context. Although B2B relationships have been shown to be of great importance for smallholders in enhancing business performance with their buyers, little attention has been given to the role of trust as a mediator. This study offers interesting insights into the how trust plays a mediating role between price satisfaction and loyalty in a developing country context.
Modern food retailing buying behaviour in Africa: the case of Tanzania
Authors: Nandonde Felix Adamu , Kuada John 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore modern food retail buyers’ behaviour in developing economies using the case of Tanzania. This paper provides an insight into the decision-making practice of modern food retail buyers’ behaviour in emerging modern food distribution systems, where the buying task involves balancing the retailer's commercial interests with more stringent government regulations that shape food business in the region.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study approach was used for the study. The researcher used semi-structured interviews with retailers for data collection and corroborated them with secondary data. Data were thematically analysed.

Findings
The study shows that the criteria used by modern food retailers in the selection of local food suppliers are reliability, quality, trade credit and legal certification. The task is further complicated by the overlapping food certification requirements of various government agencies, which impose limitations on the buyers’ decision.
Due to the exploratory nature of the study and its focus on the context of a particular geographical marketplace, the findings may not be generalizable to other countries.

Originality/value
This is the first academic study of the criteria used by modern food retailers in the selection of local food suppliers in Tanzania.
‘Multiculturality’ as a Key Methodological Challenge during In-depth Interviewing in International Business Research
Authors: Zhang Ling Eleanor , Guttormsen David S. A. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Although qualitative methods have now gained a stronger foothold in International Business (IB) research, they remain under-researched, especially regarding how researchers can overcome obstacles created when interviewers exhibit ‘multiculturality’ during international field research projects. This paper analyses how researchers’ multicultural backgrounds create challenges and opportunities in data collection during in-depth interviewing, and how such backgrounds further impact on the power imbalance between researchers and interviewees.

Design/methodology/approach
The two multicultural co-authors of this paper draw upon their 141 in-depth interview experiences with expatriates and local staff across five separate field research projects in Mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, South Korea, Finland, and the US. Field research experiences are analysed through a Bourdieusian inspired ‘epistemic reflexive’ self-interrogation process between the two co-authors.

Findings
This paper suggests five strategies to cope with the power imbalance between the researcher and the respondent in terms of social categorisation and language: activating the ‘favoured’ ethnicity, putting the ‘desired’ passport forward, constantly reassuring of belonging to the ‘right’ social category, bonding in the interviewee’s mother tongue and adopting a multilingual approach characterised by frequent code-switching.

Originality/value
This paper emphasises the relevance of exploratory, self-reflexive analysis, and uncovers how social categorisation and language influence the interviewer-interviewee power imbalance. Distinct methodological contributions are proposed accordingly for IB literature: placing ‘multiculturality’ as an important concept at the forefront of qualitative IB research; and identifying ethnicity and accent as key factors in terms of securing and conducting interviews.
Digital libraries: the systems analysis perspective machine erudition
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of machine learning. Current trends in the field are explored, along with the potential impact on information science. Machine learning is both an old and new field. It has been theoretically explored since the 1940s, but advances in technology, statistics and mathematics have recently created conditions, wherein it can be put into practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual column exploring the notion of machine learning and the applications for information science.

Findings
Some of the objections to machine intelligence are common philosophical problems dealing with the nature of thinking, self-awareness, understanding and other human traits that allow us to relate to people, develop intuitions and have situational awareness.

Originality/value
While machine learning is being taken advantage of in the commercial sector, it has not been effectively exploited in the academic sphere. Libraries have traditionally focused on structured analysis and strictly controlled vocabularies to enable information discovery. Machine learning opens up possibilities for unstructured data to be analyzed intelligently. Over 80 per cent of regularly consumed information on the Internet is unstructured, so this field has huge implications for discovery from a library perspective.
Information doesn’t always want to be free
Authors: Cervone H. Frank 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Information professionals are increasing called upon to provide access and services for information that, by its nature, must be restricted to certain uses or classes of individuals. This paper aims to explore the six major compliance regulations in the USA that information professionals should have a basic understanding of to manage a restricted information environment effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a general review of laws and requirements in the USA related to information security that may affect information professionals in their work.

Findings
The world of information security is complex and there are multiple laws, guidelines and standards that apply. For information professionals managing or deploying digital repositories or information archives, all of these need to be considered because plans and systems are being developed. Information professionals will increasingly be called upon to lend their expertise to emerging preservation problems related to restricted data, so understanding the basics of information security law is a requirement to successful information practice.

Originality/value
This is the first general overview of this area of information practice.
Supplementary feeding and young extraction from the wild are not a sensible alternative to captive breeding for reintroducing bearded vultures Gypaetus barbatus
Authors: Margalida Antoni , Martínez José M. , Gómez de Segura Amaia , Colomer Maria A. , Arlettaz Raphaël , Serrano David 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Reintroduction programmes need regular assessments of their achievements and cost‐efficiency so as to adapt management strategy. Ferrer et al. argue that the reintroduction of the bearded vulture, which has so far relied upon the release of captive‐reared chicks, could instead use the extra number of young produced by supplementary feeding on poor‐quality territories in the Pyrenees. They argue that this strategy would not affect the donor population while being much cheaper than a captive breeding programme. We question this assertion based on several grounds.

Ferrer et al. used incorrect data when estimating the effects of supplementary feeding on the production of young. Our reanalyses using the same data source but corrected for missing values show effect sizes of low magnitude and with substantial uncertainty, questioning any positive effect of supplementary feeding on productivity. Moreover, Ferrer et al.'s experiment actually lacks a genuine statistical control due to weak temporal stability in territory quality: we demonstrate that average productivity of territories of low‐quality during the baseline period (2001–2006) might actually have been increasing during the ‘treatment’ period (2007–2010) even without food supplementation due to a possible regression to the mean effect.

Our demographic reanalysis furthermore suggests that the donor population would not be that resilient to the extraction of young, resulting in trajectories far less optimistic (53–56 pairs in a time horizon of 50 years) than the 70 pairs reported. We also suggest that the costs of a captive breeding programme are substantially lower than suggested by Ferrer et al.

Synthesis and applications. The management recommendations proposed by Ferrer et al. appear unjustified. We thus urge governmental agencies to avoid making strategic political decisions and deploying conservation action on such a flawed base. We do not question here the utility of experimental approaches in reintroduction biology, but advocate independent assessment of study designs, data handling and quantitative analyses, notably when extraction of individuals from endangered populations is proposed as the best alternative option.
Labelling GM‐free Products. A Case Study of Dairy Companies in Germany
Authors: Punt Maarten , Venus Thomas , Wesseler Justus 
Published: April 2016

SummaryFood suppliers in the EU must comply with labelling regulations for genetically modified organisms (GMOs). However, excluded from mandatory labelling are food products derived from animals fed with GM feed (mainly GM soybean in the EU). Because of this labelling exemption, consumers are unable to identify which animal products were derived without the use of GMOs. Therefore, Germany and other countries introduced voluntary ‘GM‐free’ labelling legislations or guidelines that allow companies to signal that their products are ‘GM‐free’. We present the results of a survey among German dairy companies. We asked them whether they produce ‘GM‐free’ and to assess the ‘GM‐free’ market in terms of (1) the current status, (2) potential benefits, (3) limitations and (4) risks. We find that smaller dairy companies mostly switch completely, whereas ‘GM‐free’ production of larger dairy companies is often limited. The results indicate that for switching to ‘GM‐free’ production, long‐term effects such as the creation of a positive image or differentiation from competitors are more important for dairy companies than short‐term effects such as higher sales or profit.
Relationship between fasting plasma glucose levels and maternal food group and macronutrient intakes in pregnancy
Authors: Mullaney Laura , Brennan Aisling , Cawley Shona , O'Higgins Amy C. , Mccartney Daniel , Turner Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimIncreased maternal body mass index (BMI) has been consistently associated with elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Studies to date investigating the relationship between maternal blood glucose levels and dietary intake have shown mixed results. We investigated the association between maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and food group and macronutrient intakes in the first trimester of pregnancy, after adjustment for maternal bodyweight.MethodsWomen were recruited after sonographic confirmation of an ongoing singleton pregnancy in the first trimester. Dietary information was collected using the validated Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire. Maternal height and weight were measured and BMI calculated. Body composition was measured using advanced bioelectrical impedance analysis. FPG levels were obtained for women who were selectively screened with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsNo associations were observed between maternal FPG levels and food group or macronutrient intakes but higher energy and starch intakes were found in obese subjects (P = 0.009 and P = 0.03 respectively). On univariate analysis, higher FPG levels were associated positively with higher maternal bodyweight, BMI, body fat, fat free mass and visceral fat (all P < 0.001). However, on multivariate regression analysis, higher FPG levels remained associated only with maternal BMI > 29.9 kg/m2 (OR 7.4, P = 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that maternal BMI is the key determinant of maternal glycaemia. Interventions which focus on overall energy restriction and especially the limitation of dietary starch to optimise prepregnancy maternal bodyweight are likely to be useful in improving glycaemic control in higher risk pregnancies.
Decision analysis for habitat conservation of an endangered, range‐limited salamander
Authors: Robinson O. J. , McGowan C. P. , Apodaca J. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMany species of conservation concern are habitat limited and often a major focus of management for these species is habitat acquisition and/or restoration. Deciding the location of habitat restoration or acquisition to best benefit a protected species can be a complicated subject with competing management objectives, ecological uncertainties and stochasticity. Structured decision making (SDM) could be a useful approach for explicitly incorporating those complexities while still working toward species conservation and/or recovery. We applied an SDM approach to Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti habitat conservation decision making. Phaeognathus hubrichti is a severely range‐limited endemic species in south central Alabama and has highly specific habitat requirements. Many known populations live on private lands and the primary mode of habitat protection is habitat conservation planning, but such plans are non‐binding and not permanent. Working with stakeholders, we developed an objectives hierarchy linking land acquisition or protection actions to fundamental objectives. We built a model to assess and compare the quality of the habitat in the known range of P. hubrichti. Our model evaluated key habitat attributes of 5814 pixels of 1 km2 each and ranked the pixels from best to worst with respect to P. hubrichti habitat requirements. Our results are a spatially explicit valuation of each pixel, with respect to its probable benefit to P. hubrichti populations. The results of this effort will be used to rank pixels from most to least beneficial, then identify land owners in the most useful areas for salamanders who are willing to sell or enter into a permanent easement agreement.