bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Biomechanical Parameters With Corneoscleral Contact Lenses in Post–Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Eyes
Authors: Montalt Juan C. , Porcar Esteban , España-Gregori Enrique , Peris-Martínez Cristina 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To evaluate corneal biomechanical parameters wearing corneoscleral contact lenses (CScL) in patients with irregular corneas after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods:
Data from patients fitted with CScL because of corneal surface irregularities after complicated LASIK surgery were selected by two eye clinics. Previously and after 1 year of CScL fitting, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), and central corneal thickness were evaluated. In addition, visual acuity, subjective comfort, and wearing time CScL were reported.

Results:
The study comprised 27 eyes. Statistically significant differences were found in visual acuity between the best spectacle-corrected vision and after CScL fitting [mean±SD, 0.16±0.03 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and 0.01±0.06 logMAR, respectively; P<0.001]. In addition, the patients reported high subjective comfort ratings (22 eyes were comfortable or very comfortable) and prolonged usage times (mean±SD, 12.67±1.98 hr of continuous wear a day). Statistically significant differences were found in the CRF between before CScL fitting and after 1 year of CScL wear (mean±SD, 7.57±0.87 and 7.68±0.84 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.015). Central corneal thickness, CH, and IOPcc showed slight differences after 1 year of CScL wear (1.78 μm, 0.04 and 0.21 mm Hg, respectively).

Conclusion:
Corneal biomechanical parameters increased slightly, although significantly for CRF, apparently without adverse clinical effects in post-LASIK eyes with irregular corneas after wearing CScL for 1 year.
Release of Moxifloxacin From Corneal Collagen Shields
Authors: Zhou Siwei , Hunt Kristin M. , Grewal Arman S. , Brothers Kimberly M. , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. , Shanks Robert M. Q. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To investigate the diffusion of moxifloxacin through bandage contact lenses (BCLs) versus corneal collagen shields (CSs), the relative ability of BCLs and CSs to release moxifloxacin, and the potential of release of moxifloxacin from CSs in the clinical setting.

Methods:
Using an in vitro model, the diffusion of 5% moxifloxacin across BCLs and CSs was compared. Next, the amount of drug release from BCLs and CSs soaked in 0.5% moxifloxacin was measured. Finally, based on a clinical model, CSs were soaked in Vigamox (commercial moxifloxacin) and the total concentration released was detected. Collagen shields remained intact after 24 hr; therefore, enzymatic digestion and mechanical grinding of the CS were performed to determine whether further drug could be released. The concentration of moxifloxacin was measured using a spectrophotometer at set time points up to 24 hr.

Results:
In the diffusion assay, 35.7±10.5% diffused through the BCLs and 36.2±11.8% diffused through the CSs (P=0.77). The absorption assay demonstrated at 120 min, a total of 33.3±6.77 μg/mL was released from BCLs compared with 45.8±5.2 μg/mL from the CSs (P=0.0008). In vitro experiments to simulate clinical application of Vigamox-soaked CS found the concentration of moxifloxacin released of 127.7±7.25 μg/mL in 2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline over 24 hr.

Conclusions:
Moxifloxacin diffuses through BCLs and CSs at similar rates; however, CSs have greater capacity to absorb and release moxifloxacin compared with BCLs. Vigamox-soaked CSs released 250 μg of moxifloxacin and may be a useful method to prevent endophthalmitis.
Influence of Menopausal Status on the Symptom Experience of Women Before Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Mazor Melissa , Cataldo Janine K. , Lee Kathryn , Dhruva Anand , Paul Steven M. , Smoot Betty J. , Dunn Laura B. , Levine Jon D. , Mastick Judy , Conley Yvette P. , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: September 2017

Background
Breast cancer treatments can change women's hormonal milieu and alter their symptom experience. Little is known about associations between menopausal status and menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer before surgery.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate for differences in occurrence, severity, and distress of symptoms between premenopausal and postmenopausal women before breast cancer surgery.

Methods
A total of 312 women with breast cancer completed the Menopausal Symptoms Scale, a self-report measure that evaluated the occurrence, severity, and distress of 46 common symptoms associated with menopause. Regression analyses were used to evaluate for between-group differences in these symptoms.

Results
Of the 312 patients enrolled, 37.4% (n = 116) were premenopausal, and 62.6% (n = 196) were postmenopausal. In the multivariate analysis that adjusted for 7 covariates, premenopausal patients reported higher occurrence rates for urinary frequency (P = .006) and reported lower occurrence rates for joint pain/stiffness (P = .011), difficulty falling asleep (P = .025), and vaginal dryness (P = .002). A significant interaction was found between age and menopausal status for hot flashes (P = .002), wake during the night (P = .025), and headache (P = .040).

Conclusion
Regardless of menopausal status, women reported high occurrence rates for several menopausal symptoms. Associations between some symptom occurrence rates and menopausal status depended on the patients' age.

Implications for Practice
As part of a preoperative symptom assessment, clinicians need to consider a woman's menopausal status and salient demographic and clinical characteristics. The identification of women with a higher symptom burden will assist with more effective management.
Evolutionary Transitions in Heritability and Individuality
Authors: Bourrat Pierrick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith a few exceptions, the literature on evolutionary transitions in individuality (ETIs) has mostly focused on the relationships between lower-level (particle-level) and higher-level (collective-level) selection, leaving aside the question of the relationship between particle-level and collective-level inheritance. Yet, without an account of this relationship, our hope to fully understand the evolutionary mechanisms underlying ETIs is impeded. To that effect, I present a highly idealized model to study the relationship between particle-level and collective-level heritability both when a collective-level trait is a linear function and when it is a non-linear function of a particle-level trait. I first show that when a collective trait is a linear function of a particle-level trait, collective-level heritability is a by-product of particle-level heritability. It is equal to particle-level heritability, whether the particles interact randomly or not to form collectives. Second, I show that one effect of population structure is the reduction in variance in offspring collective-level character for a given parental collective. I propose that this reduction in variance is one dimension of individuality. Third, I show that even in the simple case of a non-linear collective-level character, collective-level heritability is not only weak but also highly dependent on the frequency of the different types of particles in the global population. Finally, I show that population structure, because one of its effects is to reduce the variance in offspring collective-level character, allows not only for an increase in collective-level character but renders it less context dependent. This in turns permits a stable collective-level response to selection. The upshot is that population structure is a driver for ETIs. These results are particularly significant in that the relationship between population structure and collective-level heritability has, to my knowledge, not been previously explored in the context of ETIs.
CUT&RUN: Targetedin situgenome-wide profiling with high efficiency for low cell numbers
Authors: Skene Peter J. , Henikoff Steven 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYCleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) is an epigenomic profiling strategy in which antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by micrococcal nuclease releases specific protein-DNA complexes into the supernatant for paired-end DNA sequencing. As only the targeted fragments enter into solution, and the vast majority of DNA is left behind, CUT&RUN has exceptionally low background levels. CUT&RUN outperforms the most widely-used Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocols in resolution, signal-to-noise, and depth of sequencing required. In contrast to ChIP, CUT&RUN is free of solubility and DNA accessibility artifacts and can be used to profile insoluble chromatin and to detect long-range 3D contacts without cross-linking. Here we present an improved CUT&RUN protocol that does not require isolation of nuclei and provides high-quality data starting with only 100 cells for a histone modification and 1000 cells for a transcription factor. From cells to purified DNA CUT&RUN requires less than a day at the lab bench.
Adaptation to a Space-variant Visuomotor Delay can Cause Neglect-like Effects on Drawing Symmetry
Authors: Avraham Chen , Avraham Guy , Mussa-Ivaldi Ferdinando A. , Nisky Ilana 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn daily interactions, our sensorimotor system accounts for spatial and temporal discrepancies between the senses. Functional lateralization between hemispheres causes differences in attention and control of action. In addition, differences in transmission delays between modalities affects motor control. Studies on hemispatial neglect syndrome suggest a link between temporal processing and lateral spatial biases. To understand this link, we studied participants who performed lateral reaching, and adapted to delayed visual feedback in either left, right, or both workspaces. We tested transfer of adaptation to blind drawing, and found that adaptation to left or both delay caused selective leftward elongation. In contrast, adaptation to right delay caused elongation in both directions. Arm dynamics alone cannot explain these findings, but a model of a combined attentional-motor asymmetry across the hemispheres explains our observations. This suggests a possible connection between laterality in delay processing and motor performances observed in cases of hemispatial neglect.
Use ofSalvia hispanicaas an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain
Authors: Larios-Galvez A.K. , Porcayo-Calderon J. , Salinas-Bravo V.M. , Chacon-Nava J.G. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose Gonzalo , Martinez-Gomez L. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper was to investigate the use of methanolic extract ofSalvia hispanica(S. hispanica) as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in a simulated acid rain solution.Design/methodology/approachExtract ofS. hispanicawas used as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in simulated acid rain solution. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise were used. Parameters such as polarization, charge transfer and noise resistance (Rp, Rct and Rn, respectively) were calculated.FindingsResults showed that the extract acts as a good, anodic type of inhibitor. The inhibitor efficiency increased with increasing its concentration up to 400 ppm, decreasing beyond this concentration. Efficiency also increased with an increase in the immersion time. The inhibition was due to the adsorption of components found in theS. hispanicaextract following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Practical implicationsS. hispanicaextract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain solution.Originality/valueThis study provides new information on the inhibition features ofS. hispanicaunder specific conditions. This eco-friendly inhibitor could find applications to protect bronze exposed to polluted urban atmospheres.
Corrosion failure analysis of the galvanized lightning rod in a 220 kV transformer substation
Authors: Hu Jiayuan , Fang Zhixing , Qian Zhouhai , Shen Xiaoming , Zhou Haifei , Jin Dongchun 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the cause of severe corrosion of the galvanized lightning rods in a 220 kV transformer substation, and to seek the effective corrosion inhibition measures for the hollow lightning rods.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion morphology and rust component of lightning rod was analyzed, and the corrosion process of lightning rod was researched by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography and electrochemical tests.

Findings
The results indicated that the outer surface of hollow lightning rod was corroded slightly; however, its inner surface suffered severe corrosion because of a long time high-humidity environment inside the tube caused by the rainwater permeation. A rust layer consisted of Fe3O4 and a little FeOOH was accumulated on the inner surface of the hollow lightning rod. Moreover, Fe3O4 rust layer worked as a large cathode area which could promote the corrosion of metal substrate further. A self-accelerating corrosion process was formed on the inner surface, making the corrosion failure of lightning rod occurred and aggravated gradually.

Originality/value
The corrosion of inner surface of hollow lightning rod cannot be detected easily. More attention should be paid to the corrosion inhibition of lightning rod. The key of corrosion inhibition for the hollow lightning rod was to avoid the rainwater accumulation inside tube. The research results can provide guidelines on the corrosion inhibition measures selection of lightning rod in transformer substation.
Determinants of accounting policy choices under international accounting standards
Authors: Ali Muhammad Jahangir , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of accounting policy choices under International Accounting Standards (IASs) of listed firms in South Asia.Design/methodology/approachWe selected three IASs-based accounting policy choices from 369 listed companies in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh for the financial year 2007-2008.FindingsOur results show that firm size, investment opportunity set, leverage and ownership by the general public are significant determinants of accounting policy choice in South Asian countries. However, we do not find a significant relationship between firms’ accounting policy choices and profitability, assets-in-place and taxes.Practical implicationsOur results suggest that as some flexibility exists in IASB’s accounting standards, this may allow managers to use income-increasing/decreasing methods. There is scope for regulators and standards setters to reduce the alternative methods which are likely improve firms’ reporting quality.Originality/valueOur study contributes to the understanding as to what determines managers’ choice of a particular accounting method allowed in IAS.
The impact of government financial assistance on the performance and financing of Australian SMEs
Authors: Xiang Dong , Worthington Andrew C. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of government financial assistance provided to Australian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses firm-level panel data on more than 2,000 SMEs over a five-year period from the Business Longitudinal Database compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The authors measure the impact of government financial assistance in terms of subsequent SME performance (income from sales of goods and services and profitability) and changes in the availability of alternative nongovernment finance.

Findings
The authors find government financial assistance helps SMEs improve performance over and above the effects of conventional financing. They also find than the implicit guarantee effect signalled by a firm receiving government financial assistance suggests firms are more likely to obtain nongovernment finance in the future. Control factors that significantly affect SME performance and finance availability include business size, the level of innovation, business objectives and industry.

Research limitations/implications
Nearly all of the responses in the original survey data are qualitative, so we are unable to assess how the strength of these relationships varies by the levels of assistance, income and profitability. The measure of government financial assistance of the authors is also general in that it includes grants, subsidies and rebates from any Australian Government organisation, so we are unable to comment on the impact of individual federal, state or local government programmes.

Practical implications
Government financial assistance helps SMEs improve both immediate and future performance as measured by income and profitability. This could be because government financial assistance quickly overcomes the financial constraints endemic in SMEs. Government financial assistance also helps SMEs obtain nongovernment finance in the future. The authors conjecture that this is because it overcomes some of the information opaqueness of SMEs.

Originality/value
Few studies focus on the impact of direct government financial assistance compared with indirect assistance as typical in credit guarantee schemes. The authors use a very large and detailed data set on Australian SMEs to undertake the analysis.
Information risk, stock returns, and asset pricing: Evidence from China
Authors: Safdar Raheel , Yan Chen 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This study aims to investigate information risk in relation to stock returns of a firm and whether information risk is priced in China.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used accruals quality (AQ) as their measure of information risk and performed Fama-Macbeth regressions to investigate association of AQ with future realized stock returns. Moreover, two-stage cross-sectional regression analysis was performed, both at firm level and at portfolio level, to test if the AQ factor is priced in China in addition to existing factors in the Fama French three-factor model.

Findings
The authors found poor AQ being associated with higher future realized stock returns. Moreover, they found evidence of market pricing of AQ in addition to existing factors in the Fama French three-factor model. Further, subsample analysis revealed that investors value AQ more in non-state owned enterprises than in state owned enterprises.

Research limitations/implications
The study sample comprises A-shares only and the generalization of the findings is limited by the peculiar institutional and economic setup in China.

Originality/value
This study contributes to market-based accounting literature by providing further insight into how and if investors value information risk, and it seeks to fill gap in empirical literature by providing evidence from the Chinese capital market.
The effect of multiple directorships on real and accrual-based earnings management
Authors: Baatour Kais , Ben Othman Hakim , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe study aims to examine the effect of multiple directorships on accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management. It analyses whether earnings management practices in the Saudi context increase or decrease with the average number of multiple directorships.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the approach by Roychowdhury (2006) to capture the level of real earnings management and uses the cross-sectional model by Jones (1991) to measure accrual-based earnings management.FindingsThe paper provides partial evidence supporting the “busyness” hypothesis where earnings management practices increase with the number of multiple directorships. The evidence shows that multiple directorships have a positive and significant effect on real earnings management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, we find no significant impact of multiple directorships on accrual-based earnings management.Originality/valueThis is the first study that empirically investigates the relationship between multiple directorships and earnings management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper contributes to the limited literature on multiple directorships in developing countries by examining their impact on opportunistic real earnings management.
The impact of terrorism on industry returns and systematic risk in Pakistan
Authors: Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Stauvermann Peter Josef , Kumar Ronald Ravinesh , Ahmad Tanveer 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of terrorism on return and systematic risk of Pakistan’s equity industries. Daily data from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2014 for 12 industries based on the specific types of companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange are used for the empirical analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
A multiplicative (additive) term is introduced in the standard capital asset pricing model to examine the change in systematic risk (industry returns) in response to the terrorist activities. The authors use the multiscale beta approach (Yamada, 2005) and the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) to test the heterogeneous market hypothesis.

Findings
Terrorism activities increase the systematic risk for most of the industries and the negative impact on returns of banks and the financial industry. It is noted that terrorism positively impacts (increases) the industrial systematic risk mainly in short-run (between two and four days-time horizon).

Originality/value
The paper examines the impact of terrorism on a broad list of industries’ (banks, basic materials, chemicals, construction, consumer goods, consumer services, financials, industrials, minerals, oil and gas, textile and utilities) risk and return in Pakistan, using the multiscale beta approach (Yamada, 2005) and the MODWT methods.
Open Linked Statistical Data (OLSD): prospects and issues
Authors: Saxena Stuti 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
With the progressive trends in Open Data, this paper aims to underscore the significance of Open Linked Statistical Data (OLSD) and identifies the trajectory of development of OLSD besides underlining the prospects and challenges underlying OLSD.

Design/methodology/approach
Being exploratory in nature, this viewpoint seeks to present a trajectory of OLSD which seeks to emphasize upon the futuristic trend in the development of OLSD.

Findings
Eight stages have been identified in the OLSD trajectory. The opening of more and more data results in new possibilities for combining data and gaining new insights. In the future, data will automatically be opened and streamed and could be used in using OLSD algorithms. Algorithms will mention the shortcomings and limitations of data and help to interpret the data in such a way that the user is in the driver’s seat.

Research limitations/implications
While the paper follows an exploratory approach, there are a couple of implications for the practitioners and academicians. For instance, government may become more accountable with the adoption of advanced OLSD algorithms. Further research on OLSD may be required in appreciating the impact of OLSD in different settings, and this would be helpful in providing novel insights to the concerned stakeholders.

Originality/value
While Big and Open Linked Data (BOLD) has gained prominence in academic research, the focus on OLSD has remained scanty. This paper seeks to underline the futuristic trends in OLSD.