bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of Outpatient Ready-To-Use Food-Based Protocols in HIV-Infected Senegalese Children and Adolescents Within the MAGGSEN Cohort Study
Authors: Cames Cecile , Varloteaux Marie , Have Ndeye Ngone , Diom Alhadji Bassine , Msellati Philippe , Mbaye Ngagne , Mbodj Helene , Sy Signate Haby , Diack Aminata ,   for the ANRS 12279 MAGGSEN Cohort Study Group
Published: November 2016

Objectives: To assess the acceptability of ready-to-use food (RUF)-based outpatient protocols in HIV-infected children and adolescents with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Methods: Plumpy Nut and Plumpy Sup were supplied every 2 weeks and prescribed by weight to SAM and MAM children, respectively. Forty-three children, 24 MAM and 19 SAM, were enrolled. Organoleptic appreciation, feeding modalities, and perceptions surrounding RUF were recorded at week 2. Sachets were counted to measure adherence throughout the study. Results: Median age was 12.2 years (interquartile range: 9.3-14.8), and 91% were on antiretroviral treatment. Overall, 80%, 76%, 68%, and 68% of children initially rated RUF color, taste, smell, and mouth feeling as good. However, feelings of disgust, refusal to eat, fragmentation of intake, self-stigma, and sharing within the household were commonly reported. Eighteen MAM and 7 SAM experienced weight recovery. Recovery duration was 54 days (31-90) in MAM versus 114 days (69-151) in SAM children ( P = .02). Their rate of RUF consumption compared to amount prescribed was approximately 50% from week 2 to week 10. Nine failed to gain weight or consume RUF and were discontinued for clinical management, and 9 dropped out due to distance to the clinic. Conclusion: Initial RUF acceptability was satisfactory. More than half the children had successful weight recovery, although adherence to RUF prescription was suboptimal. However, further research is needed to propose therapeutic foods with improved palatability, alternative and simpler intervention design, and procedures for continuous and tailored psychosocial support in this vulnerable population. Trial registration: NCT01771562 (Current Controlled Trials).
Folic acid-conjugated soybean protein-based nanoparticles mediate efficient antitumor ability in vitro
Authors: Yao Weijing , Zha Qian , Cheng Xu , Wang Xin , Wang Jun , Tang Rupei 
Published: November 2016

In this study, soy protein isolate was hydrolyzed by compound enzymes to give aqueous soy protein with low molecular weights. Folic acid modified and free soy protein nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a desolvation method as target-specific drug delivery, respectively. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry demonstrated that folic acid was successfully grafted onto soy protein. The shape and size of folic acid modified soy protein nanoparticles were detected by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and dynamic light scattering. In addition, a series of characteristics including kinetic stability, pH stability, and time stability were also performed. Doxorubicin was successfully loaded into folic acid modified soy protein nanoparticles, and the encapsulation and loading efficiencies were 96.7% and 23%, respectively. Doxorubicin-loaded folic acid modified soy protein nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release rate than soy protein nanoparticles in PBS solution (pH = 5). The tumor penetration and antitumor experiments were done using three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids as the in vitro model. The results proved that folic acid modified soy protein nanoparticles display higher penetration and accumulation than soy protein nanoparticles, therefore possessing efficient growth inhibitory ability against multicellular tumor spheroids.
Association of Abnormal Metatarsal Parabola With Second Metatarsophalangeal Joint Plantar Plate Pathology
Authors: Fleischer Adam E. , Klein Erin E. , Ahmad Maheen , Shah Shivang , Catena Fernanda , Weil Lowell Scott , Weil Lowell 
Published: November 2016

Background: Plantar plate pathology is common, yet it is unclear whether, and to what extent, the length of the second metatarsal contributes to this problem. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control (1:2) study to examine radiographic risk factors for plantar plate tears. One hundred patients (age 55.7 ± 12.3 years) with plantar plate injuries and 200 healthy controls (age 56.3 ± 11.3 years) were included. Cases were defined as patients with nonacute, isolated, plantar plate pathology of the second metatarsophalangeal joint confirmed by intraoperative inspection at a single foot and ankle specialty practice from June 1, 2007, to January 31, 2014. Patients presenting for pain outside of the forefoot served as the control group. Controls were matched on age (±2 years), gender, and year of presentation. Weight-bearing foot x-rays were assessed for several predetermined angular relationships by a single rater. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for plantar plate injury. Results: A long second metatarsal, defined as a metatarsal protrusion index less than −4 mm, was the only significant risk factor for plantar plate pathology in both the univariate and multivariable analyses (multivariate odds ratio 2.5 [95% confidence interval 1.8 to 3.3], P = .002). Conclusion: We found that a long second metatarsal was a risk factor for developing second metatarsophalangeal joint plantar plate tears. This knowledge may aid foot and ankle surgeons when contemplating the need for second metatarsal shortening osteotomies (eg, Weil osteotomy) during plantar plate surgery and when deciding on the amount of shortening for second metatarsal osteotomies. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Monocytes and dendritic cells are the primary sources of interleukin 37 in human immune cells
Authors: Rudloff Ina , Cho Steven X , Lao Jason C , Ngo Devi , McKenzie Matthew , Nold-Petry Claudia A , Nold Marcel F 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-37 is one of few anti-inflammatory cytokines, and it is capable of countering a broad spectrum of proinflammatory assaults. Although it is known that leukocytes are a major source of IL-37, knowledge on IL-37 production and secretion in specific immune cell types remains limited. Thus, we investigated IL-37 mRNA expression as well as protein production and secretion in human PBMCs. In PBMCs stimulated with agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1–6 and 9, IL1F7 (the IL-37-encoding gene) was induced up to 9-fold, peaked at 6–8 h and returned to steady-state at 72 h. LPS-induced IL1F7 expression comprised isoforms b and c but not a and e. Flow cytometry revealed that among IL-37+ PBMCs, monocytes predominated (81–91%), but T cells (6–8%) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs, 1–2%) also contributed to the IL-37+ leukocyte pool. Monocytes and mDCs, but not T cells, were capable of secreting IL-37. Whereas monocytes and mDCs secreted IL-37 upon LPS stimulation, only mDCs also released IL-37 at steady-state. Among monocyte subsets, IL-37 was LPS inducible and secreted only in classical and, although less pronounced, in intermediate monocytes; secretion was observed as early as 3 h after stimulation. Overall, our data suggest that constitutive IL-37 secretion by mDCs may serve to maintain an anti-inflammatory milieu at steady state, whereas IL-37 is stored in monocytes to be available for rapid release upon inflammatory encounters, thus acting as a novel anti-inflammatory alarmin. These insights may prove important to advancing towards clinical use the protective functions of one of the most powerful anti-inflammatory mediators so far discovered.
Metal-Free Benzannulation to Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Naphthalenes: Reaction of 2-(Phenylethynyl)benzaldehyde and Alkynes by Brønsted Acid
Authors: Umeda Rui , Ikeda Naoki , Ikeshita Masahiro , Sumino Keita , Nishimura Sota , Nishiyama Yutaka 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Metal-free benzannulation reaction of 2-(phenylethynyl)benzaldehyde and alkynes proceeded in the presence of Brønsted acid under microwave irradiation to give the 2,3-disubstituted naphthalenes.
Διερευνώντας τις σχέσεις μουσικής και φιλοσοφίας: Σωκράτης – Πλάτων – Νίτσε
Authors: Ράπτης Θεοχάρης 
Published: November 2016

<p>Στην αρχή του πλατωνικού διάλογου «Φαίδων» ο Σωκράτης αναφέρεται σε ένα όνειρό του, κεντρική έννοια του οποίου είναι η μουσική. Η ερμηνεία αυτού του ονείρου από τρεις φιλοσόφους, από τον ίδιο το Σωκράτη, από το Νίτσε και από τον Πλάτωνα, θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει τη βάση για την καλύτερη κατανόηση της φύσης της μουσικής και των φιλοσοφικών της διαστάσεων. Ο Σωκράτης ισχυρίζεται ότι η παρότρυνση του Απόλλωνα στο όνειρό του για ενασχόληση με τη μουσική, αποτελεί τελικά προτροπή να συνεχίσει την ενασχόλησή του με τη φιλοσοφία. Ο Νίτσε υποστηρίζει ότι η παρότρυνση του Θεού ήταν να ασχοληθεί ο Σωκράτης με την μουσική με την κοινή έννοια, θεωρώντας παράλληλα την τέχνη ως το αναγκαίο συμπλήρωμα της επιστήμης. Ο Σωκράτης όμως, σύμφωνα με το Νίτσε, δεν μπόρεσε τελικά να απαλλαγεί από την τερατώδη κυριαρχία της λογικής που χαρακτηρίζει τη φύση του. Τέλος, στο έργο του Πλάτωνα ο όρος «μουσική» φαίνεται να καλύπτει τρεις σημασιολογικές περιοχές, οι οποίες οδηγούν σε μία προσέγγιση που αντιμετωπίζει τις δύο προηγούμενες ερμηνευτικές προτάσεις ως αλληλοσυμπληρούμενες. Η ερμηνεία αυτή από τη μια αποκαλύπτει σε όλο της το βάθος την παιδαγωγική λειτουργία της μουσικής. Από την άλλη αποτελεί και ένα στοιχείο αυτό-κατανόησης του Πλάτωνα ως φιλοσόφου, που με το έργο του προσπάθησε συνειδητά να συνδέσει το φιλοσοφείν με την τέχνη, αποκαλύπτοντας έτσι τις βαθύτερες φιλοσοφικές διαστάσεις της μουσικής. </p>
Επικοινωνιακή γραμματική και γλώσσα: Δεδομένα και εξελίξεις που οδηγούν στη λειτουργική αξιοποίηση της γραμματικής γνώσης.
Authors: Τσιτσανούδη-Μαλλίδη Νικολέττα , Μήτση Αντωνία 
Published: November 2016

<p>Σύμφωνα με τις πρόσφατες θέσεις της εφαρμοσμένης γλωσσολογίας, η γλώσσα είναι κατά βάση ένας κώδικας, δηλαδή ένας μηχανισμός παραγωγής μηνυμάτων. Η αντίληψη όμως αυτή σημαίνει ότι το σύνολο της γλωσσικής παραγωγής που μοιάζει να είναι άπειρο, ανάγεται τελικά σε ένα σύστημα, δηλαδή σε ένα σύνολο στοιχείων και αρχών το οποίο εύκολα μπορεί να κατακτηθεί από τα άτομα/ομιλητές της γλώσσας. Το σύστημα αυτό που αποκαλείται <em>γραμματική</em>, δεν υπάρχει ως αυτοσκοπός, αλλά έχει ως κύρια λειτουργία του την επίτευξη της επικοινωνίας. Με λίγα λόγια, καλή γνώση της γραμματικής σημαίνει όχι μόνο την παραγωγή ορθών προτάσεων αλλά κυρίως προτάσεων που προσαρμόζονται στις περιστάσεις και τα δεδομένα του περιβάλλοντος και οδηγούν στην επίτευξη αποτελεσματικής επικοινωνίας. Οι απόψεις αυτές οδηγούν σταδιακά στη δημιουργία μιας νέας αντίληψης για τη γραμματική, η οποία από τυπική γνώση μεταβάλλεται σταδιακά σε δημιουργική - επικοινωνιακή δεξιότητα και η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται ως επικοινωνιακή γραμματική. Στην παρούσα εργασία επιχειρείται μια πρώτη παρουσίαση των αρχών αλλά και των βασικών χαρακτηριστικών της νέας αυτής γραμματικής. </p>
Recent advances in understanding & managing male infertility
Authors: Bieniek Jared M. , Lo Kirk C. 
Published: November 2016

Male infertility remains a struggle to definitively diagnose and treat with many men labelled as “idiopathic infertility” and eventually requiring assisted reproductive techniques. Along those lines, research groups are continuing to explore current social and environmental factors, including the obesity epidemic, and their effects on male fertility potential. Novel biomarkers of natural fertility status and azoospermia etiology have additionally seen recent attention with ACRV1 and TEX101/ECM1 assays either currently or soon to be commercially available. Despite these advancements, however, medical treatment options have seen little progress. Though surgical therapies have similarly seen little transformation, groups are exploring the use of testicular sperm for couples with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation and either planned or previously failed IVF/ICSI. Concerted collaborative efforts will be needed as we move forward to better understand the challenges men face when struggling to conceive.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Serum Levels Distinguish between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Ischemia in the Early Phase of Stroke
Authors: Luger Sebastian , Witsch Jens , Dietz Andreas , Hamann Gerhard F , Minnerup Jens , Schneider Hauke , Sitzer Matthias , Wartenberg Katja E , Niessner Marion , Foerch Christian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recent studies have suggested that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) serum concentrations distinguish between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS) shortly after symptom onset. In this prospective multicenter trial we validated GFAP in an independent patient cohort and assessed the quantitative relationship between GFAP release, bleeding size, and localization.

METHODS
We included patients with a persistent neurological deficit (NIH Stroke Scale ≥4) suggestive of stroke within 6 h of symptom onset. Blood samples were drawn at hospital admission. GFAP serum concentrations were measured using an electrochemiluminometric immunoassay. Primary endpoint was the final diagnosis established at hospital discharge (ICH, IS, or stroke mimic).

RESULTS
202 patients were included (45 with ICH, 146 with IS, 11 stroke mimics). GFAP concentrations were significantly higher in ICH than in IS patients [median (interquartile range) 0.16 μg/L (0.04–3.27) vs 0.01 μg/L (0.01–0.01), P &lt;0.001]. A GFAP cutoff of 0.03 μg/L provided a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 94.2% in distinguishing ICH from IS and stroke mimics [ROC analysis area under the curve 0.872 (95% CI, 0.802–0.942), P &lt;0.001]. GFAP serum concentrations were positively correlated with ICH volume. Lobar ICH volumes were larger and thus associated with higher GFAP concentrations as compared to deep ICH.

CONCLUSIONS
Serum GFAP was confirmed to be a biomarker indicating ICH in patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms. Very small ICH may be missed owing to less tissue destruction.
The incidence of dysrhythmias after administration of the antipsychotic olanzapine
Authors: Gulač P. , Vicen M. , Hričáková S. , Stankovičová T. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the antipsychotic olanzapine on electrical activity of rat hearts under conditions of ischemic- reperfusion injury. We focused on the prolongation of the corrected QT interval as a risk factor for the incidence of different types of dysrhythmias. Pretreatment with olanzapine showed prolongation of the corrected QT interval as well as increased incidence of dysrhythmias in following order: ventricular premature beats > bigeminies > trigeminies > salvos. We also observed an increase in the frequency of episodes of ventricular tachycardia of about 64% and the average duration of ventricular tachycardia was more than doubled under the conditions of the ischemic-reperfusion injury.
Development and validation of novel self-report questionnaire about the assessment of adolescents’ relation to medicines use and risk
Authors: Klimaszová Z. , Fazekaš T. , Kuželová M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Adolescents have a lack of experience, knowledge of medicines, which often leads to incorrect use of medicines. Slovak adolescents' attitude towards the use and risk of medicines is not known, and therefore, we prepared a questionnaire and then we evaluated the face, content (CVR i <1) and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.85). The questionnaire is an appropriate tool to assess the quality of knowledge and experience of adolescents with drugs and the data could, on the introduction of measures, contribute to the rational use of medicines by adolescents in Slovakia.
Voluntary exercise and testosterone therapy caused increase in percentage of Myh6 and expression of oxidative stress marker Cybb in left ventricles of rats
Authors: Radik M. , Doka G. , Malikova E. , Krenek P. , Klimas J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to identify a possible damage to heart ventricles caused by supraphysiological doses of testosterone, voluntary physical activity or their combination.
Methods: In the 8-week long experiment, 10-12 weeks old male Wistar rats were administered testosterone depot in dose of 100 mg/kg (TES, n = 15) or vehiculum (CON, n = 12) once a week subcutaneously. Next groups injected with testosterone (SPOTES, n = 12) or vehiculum (SPO, n = 12) were running in exercise wheels ad libitum. Gene expressions in left and right ventricles of the heart were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method.
Results:ln left ventricles of the testosterone groups, we observed a mild but significant increase in the percentage of Myh6 myosin heavy chain isoform and higher expression of NADPH oxidase subunit Cybb (*p < 0.05).
Conclusions:Testosterone affected the expression of genes related to contractile apparatus and oxidative stress in the left ventricle but not in right ventricle of the heart of rats. The observed level of physical activity did not have a compelling effect on the expression of measured genes.
Acute phase of depression treatment - current research and its perspectives on Jessenius Faculty of Medicine
Authors: Oppa M. , Kulhan T. , Nosáľová G. , Ondrejka I. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the previous research at Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin has been studied depression and its treatment from the aspects of the quality of life and functioning of the patients, as well as comparing the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine versus venlafaxine and olanzapine treatment. Last years have been studied the parameters of the autonomic nervous system in the context of depression. Our new work will build on these findings, during the exploration of efficacy and safety of a novel antidepressant vortioxetine in monotherapy and in combination with olanzapine. Since combination of vortixetine and olanzapine is not yet understood, it is unknown whether the effect of the treatment of depressive symptoms and associated problems will be stronger and faster compared to vortioxetine monotherapy.
Stimulatory effect of repeated treatment with lipopolysaccharide on a key enzyme of the kynurenine pathway in both genders in rats
Authors: Csanova A. , Jezova D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of the products of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism highly depend on the action of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO). The present results show increased concentrations of the KMO in the plasma of rats repeatedly exposed to an immune challenge. Increased concentrations of this key enzyme are likely to cause a shift of kynurenine pathway towards enhanced production of neurotoxic metabolites.
Serum Copper and Zinc in a Representative Sample of Bulgarian Population
Authors: Ivanova I. , Atanasova B. , Kostadinova A. , Bocheva Y. , Tzatchev K. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential for life. Body Cu and Zn content depends on variety of factors - age, gender, and diet, type of drinking water, geographical location and genetic predisposition. Copper status becomes even more relevant not only in rare genetic disorders such as Wilson disease but in diseases such as cardiovascular ones, impaired glucose tolerance and neuro-degenerative and tumor diseases. The study aimed to examine the distribution of serum Cu and Zn in a representative group of the Bulgarian population and to describe factors which influence metal content. It also aimed to describe the link between serum Cu levels and the frequency of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Bulgarians. Cu and Zn in serum were measured in 379 individuals (172 males and 207 females) from 5 different regions in Bulgaria by flame atomic absorption using AAnalyst 400, Perkin Elmer. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS, 19. Median and inert-quartile range (IQR) for blood Cu were 15.89 (13.87-7.89) μmol/L and for Zn - 13.00 (11.7-14.68) μmol/L in the examined group. Higher Cu levels in females than in males were found (p < 0.001). Decrease of Zn with aging was established (p > 0.05). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in serum Cu between young people (< 30 year old) and adults over 61 year old. Statistically significant difference in Cu and Zn was observed (p < 0.05) in respect of residences. Difference without significance was measured between serum lipids and serum Cu (p = 0.541) and Zn (p = 0.741).
Asthma and Environmental Factors in Children
Authors: Mirzadeh M. , Kooshesh M. , Mirzaei M. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Asthma is one of the most prevalent atopic diseases in childhood. It is characterized by inflammation of conductive airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Environmental factors introduced to child in early years of life may have a protective or harmful role in developing atopic diseases. To evaluate the influence of some environmental factors such as cat or dog ownership, smoking of mother or father and environmental pollution on prevalence of wheezing in children. Subjects and methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study. A questionnaire was designed based on International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Parents of the subjects were asked to fill in the questionnaires. Children’s wheezing association with keeping cats and dogs, smoking mother and father and frequency of truck passing in place of residence was investigated. 545 children were recruited in our study. Prevalence of wheezing was 9%. Keeping cats in first year of life and last year was associated with less wheezing. But the latter association was not statistically significant. Keeping dogs was so scarce in area of our study, so we could not perform a rightful analysis. Frequency of truck passing was significantly higher in those with wheezing. Keeping cats in first year of life was a significant protective factor, whereas residence in an area with frequent truck passing increased wheezing in children. Results of our study can emphasize the need to keep children away from polluted areas. Further studies are needed to investigate whether keeping a pet in household can benefit children regarding all possible concerns and benefits.
Examination of the Quality of the Manual Pre-Sterilization Processing of Dental Instruments Using Benzidine Test
Authors: Stoeva V. , Kevorkyan A. , Raycheva R. , Kondeva V. , Stoilova Y. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The risk of infections in dental practices has been attracting for decades the interest of researchers from all over the world. A serious problem related to the transmission of blood-borne viruses is the thorough removal of organic matter, and mainly blood, from dental instruments when performing manual pre-sterilization decontamination. Application of benzidine test to prove the presence of blood traces on large and small dental instruments prepared for sterilization for the purpose of assessing the quality of the manual pre-sterilization decontamination. A total of 485 benzidine tests had been performed on selected 205 large and 280 small dental instruments visibly contaminated with blood. Of the total of 485 tested samples, blood traces were found in 63 (12.99 ± 1.53%). In the group of large instruments, positive benzidine test was obtained in 7.80% compared to 16.78% in the small instruments with the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.003). All 63 positive samples were additionally processed using ultrasound. Blood traces were found in 8 instruments with all of the positive samples being obtained from the barbed broaches. The manual cleaning does not guarantee decontamination of the dental instruments unlike the ultrasonic cleaning where any blood traces are being completely removed from the large instruments. In terms of the small instruments, there are still blood traces present after the ultrasonic cleaning which requires for it to be combined with a suitable enzyme cleaner, and the barbed broaches, as a requirement, should be used on a disposable basis.