bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Peer-Review Method on Writing Proficiency
Authors: Čėsnienė Žaneta 
Published: January 2016

Although peer-review has proved to be beneficial in many writing classrooms abroad, this method is scarcely used among Lithuanian educators. Different studies highlight contrastive results, weighing either to the benefit of teacher-or peer-review. The value of peer-review is often underestimated because teachers tend to undervalue students’ abilities as both writers and reviewers. To achieve the most from peer-review, it is important to define the actual expectations for peer-review and to form an appropriate peer-editing rubric as a helpful tool for peer-reviewers. Different analyses of peer-reviewed and self-reviewed writings highlighted the differences between peer-reviewers’ and self-reviewers’ ability to notice errors, revise, and improve writings.
The article inquires into the peer-review method as a way to promote students’ writing proficiency and describes the research conducted at Klaipėda University after having introduced the peer-review method in the study process. The research describes quantitative and qualitative research results based on peer-reviews, self-reflections and questionnaires filled in by the 1st year English Philology students. The research results prove that the peer-review method helps to develop critical evaluation skills, equipping students with the ability to effectively review and notice various defects that weaken the argument of the paper on a local as well as global level, thus making students better writers. The peer-review method activates cognitive processes that influence learning, as students get actively involved into the learning process facilitating their peers and improving their own writing skills. Peer-review modeling in the classroom develops not only students’ specific but also personal and social skills and leads to students’ constructive collaboration by shifting from the teacher-centered to student-centered learning approach.
La población de la Intendencia de Puebla en las postrimerías del régimen colonial
Authors: Grajales Porras Agustín 
Published: January 2016

<p>A partir de la información recopilada de los padrones -militares y parroquiales principalmente- se analiza el tamaño y Ia composición sociodemográfica de la población de Ia intendencia de Puebla a finales de la colonia, así como un esbozo general sobre su distribución y estructura por "partidos" de acuerdo a SU composición étnica,</p>
Índice de documentos sobre la intolerancia y la represión religiosas
Authors: Campos Goenaga María Isabel , Pérez Zevallos Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2016

<p>Índice de documentos sobre los procesos contra los indios por idolatría durante la colonia. Incluye diversos ramos: Civil, inquisición, indios, mercedes, bienes nacionales y reales cedulas originales del Archivo General de la Nación. lnvita a investigar los efectos reales de la evangelización y a reflexionar en la razón por la cual resurgían los elementos de la religión prehispánica entremezclados con el cristianismo.</p>
THE TRANSFORMATION OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE IN THE FUTURE
Authors: Pandarangga Salmon 
Published: January 2016

<p align="left">Abstract: It is argued that English as a global language has some advantages to people around the world. One of the advantages is that English language is used as a tool of communication, empowerment and unification of people in the global community. In other words, English plays a very important role to unite all the people around the globe regardless their nationalities, cultural backgrounds, or races. However, for some scholars, English is seen as a potential threat to linguistic diversity in the world (Florey, 2010; Graddol, 1997; Tsuda, 2008; Phillipson, 2008). These scholars strongly believed that the dominant and powerful of English use in the global community has destroyed and killed most of the languages in the world. Some of the languages, as Florey claimed, become death languages. These scholars thus believed that English is responsible for the loss and death of thousands of minority native languages around the world. Instead of debating and taking side, it is argued that non-native speakers will use their own English teaching materials with their own context culturally , English will share the role as a global language with other languages e.g. Arabic, Spanish, Bahasa Indonesia, Mandarin, and there will be more new and various of English (es) forms around the world. </p><p align="left"><em> </em></p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em> </em>a global language, English, communication, linguistic diversity, transformation.<em> </em>
An Equation-of-State Model To Predict Surfactant/Oil/Brine-Phase Behavior
Authors: Ghosh S.. , Johns R. T. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Surfactant/polymer (SP) floods have significant potential to recover waterflood residual oil in shallow oil reservoirs. A thorough understanding of surfactant/oil/brine-phase behavior is critical to design SP-flood processes. Current practices involve repetitive laboratory experiments of dead crude at atmospheric pressure in a salinity scan that aims at finding an “optimum formulation” of chemicals for targeted oil reservoirs. Although considerable progress has been made in developing surfactants and polymers that increase the potential of a chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) project, very little progress has been made to predict phase behavior as a function of formulation variables such as pressure, temperature, and oil equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN). The empirical Hand (1930) plot is still used today to model the microemulsion-phase behavior with little predictive capability because these and other formulation variables change. Such models could lead to incorrect recovery predictions and improper SP-flood designs.
In this research, we develop a new predictive-phase-behavior model and introduce a new factor β to account for pressure changes in the HLD equation. This new HLD equation is coupled with the net-average-curvature (NAC) model to predict phase volumes, solubilization ratios, and microemulsion-phase transitions (Winsor II–, Winsor III, and Winsor II+). The predictions of key parameters are compared with experimental data and are within relative errors of 4% (average 2.35%) for measured optimum salinities and 17% (average 10.55%) for optimum solubilization ratios. This paper is the first to use the HLD/NAC model to predict microemulsion-phase behavior for live crudes, including optimal solubilization ratio and the salinity width of the three-phase Winsor III region at different temperatures and pressures. Although the effect of pressure variations on microemulsion-phase behavior is generally thought to be small compared with temperature-induced changes, we show here that this is not necessarily the case. The predictive approach relies on tuning the model to limited experimental data (such as at atmospheric pressure) similar to what is performed for equation-of-state (EOS) modeling of miscible gasfloods. This new EOS-like model could significantly aid the design of chemical floods where key variables change dynamically, and in screening of potential candidate reservoirs for chemical EOR.
Asymmetric Reporting
Authors: Armstrong Christopher S. , Taylor Daniel J. , Verrecchia Robert E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We extend the CAPM to a setting where a firm reports earnings prior to selling shares to investors. We show that an entrepreneur, as representative of a firm's initial owners, will choose to report earnings that asymmetrically reflect future cash flow. In modeling the entrepreneur's reporting choice, we deliberately abstract away from the stewardship role of accounting. In our model, the sole purpose of reported earnings is to facilitate valuation by the firm's equity investors. Nevertheless, we show that a firm's earnings will reflect future cash flow to a greater (lesser) extent in bad states (good states) when that cash flow is anticipated to be low (high). Importantly, we also show that the asymmetry in reporting generates asymmetry in the firm's systematic risk. When a firm's earnings reflect future cash flow to a greater extent in bad states, the firm's covariance with the market portfolio will be lower in bad states.
JEL Classifications: G11; G12; G14; G31.
Do Compustat Financial Statement Data Articulate?
Authors: Casey Ryan J. , Gao Feng , Kirschenheiter Michael T. , Li Siyi , Pandit Shailendra 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the Financial Statement Balancing Model (FSBM) from Compustat, we examine whether financial statement data articulate for 10,681 U.S. nonfinancial firms for 24 years, a total of 92,951 firm-years. We accomplish three research goals. First, we build the first formal model of financial statement articulation, providing a benchmark for subsequent discussions of articulation. Second, we show how to handle missing data to ensure articulation, by either filling in zeros or inferring the missing data using other variables in the equations. Third, we produce modified variables that resolve exceptions in the articulating equations, so that these variables form relations that are consistent across time and firms. We then compare the “modified database” (MDB) using these updated variables with the original Compustat data, and find significant differences in many commonly used financial variables, such as Altman's Z-score. We believe that our MDB has the potential to help researchers increase sample size and data quality in empirical studies.
An Overview of Novel Surfactants for Formulation of Cosmetics with Certain Emphasis on Acidic Active Substances
Authors: Lukic Milica , Pantelic Ivana , Savic Snezana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Novel surfactants which are nowadays available for incorporation into various formulations of personal care and cosmetic products are numerous, implying a permanent need for their classification. This overview provides essential information relating to synthesis, basic physicochemical characteristics, application and other relevant data on surfactants currently used in cosmetic products. In the second part of the paper an outline of acidic active substances with significant application in cosmetic products is given, as well as the problems that arise during preparation/manufacture of the containing formulations, accompanied with the review of scientific publications and other available reliable data dealing with the incorporation of these actives in the cosmetic formulations stabilized with novel (mainly natural) surfactants.
Investigation of Scale Inhibition Mechanisms Based on the Effect of HEDP on Surface Charge of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Ji-jiang Ge , Yang Wang , Gui-cai Zhang , Ping Jiang , Mingqin Sun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid is a widely used CaCO3 scale inhibitor. To probe its inhibition mechanisms, the effect of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid on surface charge and crystalline form of CaCO3 scale was investigated. The results show that CaCO3 originated from the equimolar mixture of Ca2+ and CO3
2
− is negatively charged and 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid has no obvious effect on the zeta potential of CaCO3. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystalline form of CaCO3 was altered in presence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. With the increase of the scale inhibition efficiency, more vaterite appeared in the particle. So a conclusion was drawn that the formation and transformation of the metaphase was inhibited by 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, then the whole process of CaCO3 precipitating was slowed greatly.
Casticin treatment inhibits squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and arrests cell cycle in S phase
Authors: Song Yong-Bin , Zhou Shao-Hui , Cui Hong-Shang , Liu Hui-Ning , Liu Li-Jun 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study demonstrates the effect of casticin on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, TE-1 and TE-15. The cells were treated with various concentrations (10-50 μM) of casticin for different time periods. The results revealed that casticin treatment significantly inhibited the rate of cell proliferation in both TE-1 and TE-15 cell lines after 48 hours. Casticin treatment induced cell cycle arrest in S phase, enhanced the expression of proapoptotic gene, Bax and activation of caspase-3. Moreover, the morphological features of the cells were altered resulting in apoptosis. Casticin also inhibited the migration potential of TE-1 cells. Thus, casticin exhibits inhibitory effect on the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting migration. Therefore, casticin can be of therapeutic importance for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p> </p>
YOUNG, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AND THEIR LOCAL COUNTERPARTS: THE EVOLVING RELATIONSHIP OF MASS–SFR–METALLICITY SINCE z ∼ 2.1
Authors: Gebhardt Henry S. Grasshorn , Zeimann Gregory R. , Ciardullo Robin , Gronwall Caryl , Hagen Alex , Bridge Joanna S. , Schneider Donald P. , Trump Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the evolution of the Stellar Mass–Star Formation Rate (SFR)–Metallicity relation using a set of 256 COSMOS and GOODS galaxies in the redshift range 1.90 < z < 2.35. We present the galaxies’ rest-frame optical emission-line fluxes derived from IR-grism spectroscopy with the Hubble Space Telescope and combine these data with SFRs and stellar masses obtained from deep, multi-wavelength (rest-frame UV to IR) photometry. We then compare these measurements to those for a local sample of galaxies carefully matched in stellar mass (

) and SFR (

in M
⊙ yr−1). We find that the distribution of z ∼ 2.1 galaxies in stellar mass–SFR–metallicity space is clearly different from that derived for our sample of similarly bright (

erg s−1) local galaxies, and this offset cannot be explained by simple systematic offsets in the derived quantities. At stellar masses above

and SFRs above

yr−1, the z ∼ 2.1 galaxies have higher oxygen abundances than their local counterparts, while the opposite is true for lower-mass, lower-SFR systems.
SPITZER ULTRA FAINT SURVEY PROGRAM (SURFS UP). II. IRAC-DETECTED LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES AT 6 ≲ z ≲ 10 BEHIND STRONG-LENSING CLUSTERS
Authors: Huang Kuang-Han , Bradač Maruša , Lemaux Brian C. , Ryan, Jr. R. E. , Hoag Austin , Castellano Marco , Amorín Ricardo , Fontana Adriano , Brammer Gabriel B. , Cain Benjamin , Lubin L. M. , Merlin Emiliano , Schmidt Kasper B. , Schrabback Tim , Treu Tommaso , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Linden Anja von der , Knight Robert I. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the stellar population properties of the IRAC-detected 6 ≲ z ≲ 10 galaxy candidates from the Spitzer UltRa Faint SUrvey Program. Using the Lyman Break selection technique, we find a total of 17 galaxy candidates at 6 ≲ z ≲ 10 from Hubble Space Telescope images (including the full-depth images from the Hubble Frontier Fields program for MACS 1149 and MACS 0717) that have detections at signal-to-noise ratios ≥ 3 in at least one of the IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μm channels. According to the best mass models available for the surveyed galaxy clusters, these IRAC-detected galaxy candidates are magnified by factors of ∼1.2–5.5. Due to the magnification of the foreground galaxy clusters, the rest-frame UV absolute magnitudes M
1600 are between −21.2 and −18.9 mag, while their intrinsic stellar masses are between 2 × 108
M
⊙ and 2.9 × 109
M
⊙. We identify two Lyα emitters in our sample from the Keck DEIMOS spectra, one at z
Lyα
= 6.76 (in RXJ 1347) and one at z
Lyα
= 6.32 (in MACS 0454). We find that 4 out of 17 z ≳ 6 galaxy candidates are favored by z ≲ 1 solutions when IRAC fluxes are included in photometric redshift fitting. We also show that IRAC [3.6]–[4.5] color, when combined with photometric redshift, can be used to identify galaxies which likely have strong nebular emission lines or obscured active galactic nucleus contributions within certain redshift windows.
THE MAJOR GEOEFFECTIVE SOLAR ERUPTIONS OF 2012 MARCH 7: COMPREHENSIVE SUN-TO-EARTH ANALYSIS
Authors: Patsourakos S. , Georgoulis M. K. , Vourlidas A. , Nindos A. , Sarris T. , Anagnostopoulos G. , Anastasiadis A. , Chintzoglou G. , Daglis I. A. , Gontikakis C. , Hatzigeorgiu N. , Iliopoulos A. C. , Katsavrias C. , Kouloumvakos A. , Moraitis K. , Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Pavlos G. , Sarafopoulos D. , Syntelis P. , Tsironis C. , Tziotziou K. , Vogiatzis I. I. , Balasis G. , Georgiou M. , Karakatsanis L. P. , Malandraki O. E. , Papadimitriou C. , Odstrčil D. , Pavlos E. G. , Podlachikova O. , Sandberg I. , Turner D. L. , Xenakis M. N. , Sarris E. , Tsinganos K. , Vlahos L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
During the interval 2012 March 7–11 the geospace experienced a barrage of intense space weather phenomena including the second largest geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24 so far. Significant ultra-low-frequency wave enhancements and relativistic-electron dropouts in the radiation belts, as well as strong energetic-electron injection events in the magnetosphere were observed. These phenomena were ultimately associated with two ultra-fast (>2000 km s−1) coronal mass ejections (CMEs), linked to two X-class flares launched on early 2012 March 7. Given that both powerful events originated from solar active region NOAA 11429 and their onsets were separated by less than an hour, the analysis of the two events and the determination of solar causes and geospace effects are rather challenging. Using satellite data from a flotilla of solar, heliospheric and magnetospheric missions a synergistic Sun-to-Earth study of diverse observational solar, interplanetary and magnetospheric data sets was performed. It was found that only the second CME was Earth-directed. Using a novel method, we estimated its near-Sun magnetic field at 13 R
⊙ to be in the range [0.01, 0.16] G. Steep radial fall-offs of the near-Sun CME magnetic field are required to match the magnetic fields of the corresponding interplanetary CME (ICME) at 1 AU. Perturbed upstream solar-wind conditions, as resulting from the shock associated with the Earth-directed CME, offer a decent description of its kinematics. The magnetospheric compression caused by the arrival at 1 AU of the shock associated with the ICME was a key factor for radiation-belt dynamics.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF ACTIVE REGION 7986: COMPARISON OF SIMULATIONS WITH OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Mok Yung , Mikić Zoran , Lionello Roberto , Downs Cooper , Linker Jon A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
In the present study, we use a forward modeling method to construct a 3D thermal structure encompassing active region 7986 of 1996 August. The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions are then computed and compared with observations. The heating mechanism is inspired by a theory on Alfvén wave turbulence dissipation. The magnetic structure is built from a Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/MDI magnetogram and an estimated torsion parameter deduced from observations. We found that the solution to the equations in some locations is in a thermal nonequilibrium state. The time variation of the density and temperature profiles leads to time dependent emissions, which appear as thin, loop-like structures with uniform cross-section. Their timescale is consistent with the lifetime of observed coronal loops. The dynamic nature of the solution also leads to plasma flows that resemble observed coronal rain. The computed EUV emissions from the coronal part of the fan loops and the high loops compare favorably with SOHO/EIT observations in a quantitative comparison. However, the computed emission from the lower atmosphere is excessive compared to observations, a symptom common to many models. Some factors for this discrepancy are suggested, including the use of coronal abundances to compute the emissions and the neglect of atmospheric opacity effects.
CHARACTERIZING TRANSITING EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES WITH JWST
Authors: Greene Thomas P. , Line Michael R. , Montero Cezar , Fortney Jonathan J. , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Luther Kyle 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore how well spectra from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely constrain bulk atmospheric properties of transiting exoplanets. We start by modeling the atmospheres of archetypal hot Jupiter, warm Neptune, warm sub-Neptune, and cool super-Earth planets with atmospheres that are clear, cloudy, or of high mean molecular weight (HMMW). Next we simulate the λ = 1–11 μm transmission and emission spectra of these systems for several JWST instrument modes for single-transit or single-eclipse events. We then perform retrievals to determine how well temperatures and molecular mixing ratios (CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3) can be constrained. We find that λ = 1–2.5 μm transmission spectra will often constrain the major molecular constituents of clear solar-composition atmospheres well. Cloudy or HMMW atmospheres will often require full 1–11 μm spectra for good constraints, and emission data may be more useful in cases of sufficiently high F

p
and high F

p
/F
*. Strong temperature inversions in the solar-composition hot-Jupiter atmosphere should be detectable with 1–2.5+ μm emission spectra, and 1–5+ μm emission spectra will constrain the temperature–pressure profiles of warm planets. Transmission spectra over 1–5+ μm will constrain [Fe/H] values to better than 0.5 dex for the clear atmospheres of the hot and warm planets studied. Carbon-to-oxygen ratios can be constrained to better than a factor of 2 in some systems. We expect that these results will provide useful predictions of the scientific value of single-event JWST spectra until its on-orbit performance is known.
HORSESHOE DRAG IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL GLOBALLY ISOTHERMAL DISKS
Authors: Masset F. S. , Benítez-Llambay P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the horseshoe dynamics of a low-mass planet in a three-dimensional, globally isothermal, inviscid disk. We find, as reported in previous work, that the boundaries of the horseshoe region (separatrix sheets) have cylindrical symmetry about the disk’s rotation axis. We interpret this feature as arising from the fact that the whole separatrix sheets have a unique value of Bernoulli’s constant, and that this constant does not depend on altitude, but only on the cylindrical radius, in barotropic disks. We next derive an expression for the torque exerted by the horseshoe region on the planet, or horseshoe drag. Potential vorticity is not materially conserved as in two-dimensional flows, but it obeys a slightly more general conservation law (Ertel’s theorem) that allows an expression for the horseshoe drag identical to the expression in a two-dimensional disk to be obtained. Our results are illustrated and validated by three-dimensional numerical simulations. The horseshoe region is found to be slightly narrower than previously extrapolated from two-dimensional analyses with a suitable softening length of the potential. We discuss the implications of our results for the saturation of the corotation torque, and the possible connection to the flow at the Bondi scale, which the present analysis does not resolve.