bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of fine‐needle aspiration in evaluating large thyroid nodules
Authors: Raguin Thibaut , Schneegans Olivier , Rodier Jean‐François , Volkmar Pierre‐Philippe , Sauleau Eric , Debry Christian , Debonnecaze Guillaume , Ghnassia Jean‐Pierre , Dupret‐Bories Agnès 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommends using ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in order to evaluate supracentimetric and suspect thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effective use of FNA before surgery for nodules over 3 cm in diameter.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the results of ultrasound‐guided FNA and postoperative histological analysis in 843 nodules >3 cm.ResultsThe FNA was informative in 42.6%. The correlation with the final histological analysis was 94.8% for benign nodules and 71.0% for malignant nodules. The FNA had a positive predictive value of 71%, a specificity of 97%, a sensitivity of 56%, and a 4.7% rate of false‐negative results.ConclusionBecause there is a nonnegligible FNA risk of error, notably allowing the evolution of a cancer in 1 of 20 cases, the FNA data should not delay surgical intervention for potentially suspect nodules >3 cm in diameter. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 32–36, 2017
Framework for human health risk assessment of non‐cancer effects resulting from short‐duration and intermittent exposures to chemicals
Authors: Haber Lynne T. , Sandhu Reena , Li‐Muller Angela , Mohapatra Asish , Petrovic Sanya , Meek M. E. (Bette) 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDurations of exposure to chemicals, whether for single, repeated or intermittent periods, may vary from those upon which most guidance values are normally based. Because it is presently not feasible to conduct toxicity studies or develop toxicity reference values (TRVs) specific to each scenario of interest, methods are needed to address these various durations, drawing as much as possible on existing TRVs. A working framework was developed to address the potential for non‐cancer effects resulting from continuous short‐duration and intermittent exposures to chemicals. The framework presents an integrated, tiered approach that assists the user in identifying when existing TRVs can be applied directly, and the adaptations needed to assess the acceptability of short‐duration or intermittent exposure scenarios. Descriptions of when and how toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects need to be taken into consideration are also presented. The framework incorporates the use of TRVs based on exposure periods as similar as possible to the “actual” exposure periods and application of dose averaging under limited, specified conditions. This framework has been developed to aid in improving the scientific basis for the evaluation of short‐duration and intermittent exposures in a variety of settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influences of different spatial resolutions on the characteristics of T2 relaxation times in articular cartilage: A coarse‐graining study of the microscopic magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Zhuang Zhiguo , Lee Ji Hyun , Badar Farid , Xu Jianrong , Xia Yang 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMicroscopic magnetic resonance imaging (µMRI) T2 data from canine cartilage at different tibial locations were analyzed to investigate the influences of spatial resolution and pixel position on the T2 sensitivity to osteoarthritis (OA). Five experimental factors were investigated: inaccurate pixel position, different pixel resolutions, different specimen orientations in the magnetic field, topographical variations over the tibial surface, and different OA stages. A number of significant trends were identified in this analysis, which shows the subtle but substantial influences to our abilities of detecting OA due to T2 changes. In particular, any deviation in locating the cartilage pixels may result in erratic values near the cartilage surface. Significant differences were found in T2 values between nearly any two comparison‐groups under all resolutions both in the meniscus‐covered and ‐uncovered areas, which were also showed interaction between the OA degradation stages. This multiresolution project should help to improve the detection sensitivities of MRI toward cartilage degeneration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:754–765, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled laser texturing of titanium results in reliable osteointegration
Authors: Coathup Melanie J. , Blunn Gordon W. , Mirhosseini Nazanin , Erskine Karen , Liu Zhu , Garrod David R. , Li Lin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWe have developed a laser‐textured superhydrophilic Ti‐6Al‐4V surface with unique surface chemistry and topography that substantially promotes osteoblast adhesion in culture. Here we investigate the osteointegration of laser‐textured implants in an ovine model. Our hypothesis was that laser‐textured implants, without any surface coating (LT), would encourage comparable amounts of bone‐implant contact and interfacial strength when compared with widely accepted hydroxyapatite (HA) coated implants. Additionally, we hypothesized that LT would significantly increase bony integration compared with machine‐finished (MF) and grit‐blasted (GB) implants. Forty‐eight tapered transcortical pins were implanted into six sheep. Four experimental groups (LT, HA, MF, and GB) were investigated (n = 12) and implants remained in vivo for 6 weeks. Bone apposition rates, interfacial shear strength, and bone‐implant contact (BIC) were quantified. The interfacial strength of LT and HA implants were found to be significantly greater than GB (p = 0.032 and p = 0.004) and MF (p = 0.004 and p = 0.004, respectively), but no significant difference between LT and HA implants was observed. Significantly increased BIC was measured adjacent to HA implants when compared with both LT and GB implant surfaces (p = 0.022 and p = 0.006, respectively). No significant difference was found when LT and GB implants were compared. However, all surface finishes encouraged significantly increased BIC when compared with the MF surface. Maximizing implant fixation to host bone is vital for its long‐term success. The production of an LT surface is a simple and cheap manufacturing process and this study demonstrated that laser‐textured implants are a very promising technical development that warrants further research. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:820–828, 2017.
Effect of added nitrogen fertilizer on pyrazines of roasted chicory
Authors: Jouquand Céline , Niquet‐Léridon Céline , Loaec Grégory , Tessier Frédéric Jacques 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee substitutes made of roasted chicory are affected by the formation of acrylamide whose main precursor is asparagine. One strategy for limiting the formation of acrylamide is to reduce free asparagine in the chicory roots by lessening the supply of nitrogen in the field. However, decreasing nitrogen fertilizer could affect the formation of the volatile compounds and, consequently, the sensory characteristics of the roasted chicory. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the nitrogen supply in five commercial varieties on their aroma profile.RESULTSThe addition of 120 kg ha−1 of nitrogen fertilizer in the field resulted in a greater amount of pyrazines in the roasted chicory. Triangle tests were performed to determine the effect of the nitrogen level on the sensory quality of the five varieties. The results revealed that the chicory aroma was modified in two out of five varieties.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that a strategy aiming to limit the amount of acrylamide could affect the sensory quality of some varieties of chicory. Further acceptance tests need to be conducted to assess the effect (whether favourable or otherwise) on the sensory quality of the coffee substitutes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Inactivation kinetics of invertase in honey and honey–glucose syrup formulations: effects of temperature and water activity
Authors: Sramek Martin , Woerz Benjamin , Horn Helmut , Weiss Jochen , Kohlus Reinhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high viscosity and stickiness of honey in its natural state causes handling difficulties, therefore the demand for honey powder is continuously increasing. Powder preparation has to be performed gently because of the thermo‐ and oxidation‐ sensitive nature of honey. The aim of this study was to determine the degradation of invertase during drying as an indirect measure of the retention of valuable honey nutrients.RESULTSThe reaction kinetics were estimated in polyfloral honey and honey–glucose syrup (GS) formulation and the impact of temperature (40–70°C) and water activity (aw 0.23–0.81) was established. The honey–GS formulation (55:45 w/w) was intended for the preparation of high‐grade honey powders using the vacuum‐drying method. Invertase inactivation at temperatures below 60°C followed first‐order kinetics. At 60°C high dilution (aw 0.81) and at 70°C, heterogeneous inactivation behaviour was observed. The best fit of invertase heterogeneous inactivation kinetic was achieved with the Cerf two‐fraction model. The GS addition showed a stabilizing effect on invertase during thermal degradation.CONCLUSIONThe data on invertase inactivation gathered here can be utilized to select optimal parameters for honey vacuum‐drying and other thermal processes in order to achieve maximum invertase retention. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of Stripping Ni(II) from the Ni‐BTMPPA Complex/BTMPPA/Kerosene System by Sulfate‐Acetato Solution
Authors: Biswas Ranjit Kumar , Karmakar Aneek Krishna , Rahman Md. Saidur 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of stripping of Ni2+ from a Ni‐BTMPPA complex, dissolved in a kerosene solution of BTMPPA (H2A2, Cyanex 272), by acidic sulfate‐acetato solution, was studied using the single (falling) drop technique and flux (F) method of data treatment. The empirical flux equation at 303 K is Fb (kmol/m2s) = 10−4.35 [Ni2+] (1+10−3.42 [H+]−1)−1 ([H2A2](o)0.5+2.50 [H2A2](o))−1 (1+6[SO42−]) (1+3.20 [Ac−]). Activation energy (Ea), entropy change in activation (ΔS±), and enthalpy change in activation (ΔH±) were measured under different experimental conditions. Based on the empirical flux equation, Ea and ΔS±, the mechanism of Ni2+ stripping is provided. In a low [H+] region, the stripping reaction steps appear as [NiA+] → Ni2+ + A− and [Ni(HA2)2](int) → [NiHA2]+(int) + HA2(int)− in lower and higher concentration regions of free BTMPPA, respectively, provided [SO42−] and [Ac−] are kept low. However, at higher [H+] concentrations, the stripping is under diffusion control. With increasing [SO42−] and [Ac−], the enhancement of the rate is attributed to the attack of the Ni(II) complex by SO42− or HSO4− and Ac− to form NiSO4 or NiHSO4+ and NiAc+ complexes. Negative ΔS± values indicate that the rate‐determining stripping reaction steps occur via an substitution nucleophilic, bimolecular (SN2) mechanism.
Incidence of intracranial radiation necrosis following postoperative radiation therapy for sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Ahmad Shah , Le Christopher H. , Chiu Alexander G. , Chang Eugene H. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisSurgery and postoperative radiation therapy are commonly used in the treatment of advanced sinonasal cancer. However, post‐treatment radiation changes to the brain often mimic radiologic findings suggestive of tumor recurrence, leading to potential unnecessary intracranial biopsies. The objective of this study was to determine clinical factors that predict signs of tumor recurrence versus radiation necrosis in post‐therapy sinonasal malignancies with intracranial extension.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with sinonasal malignancy with intracranial extension underwent surgery and radiation ± chemotherapy between 2010 and 2014 at the University of Arizona. We analyzed sinonasal cancer type, stage, total radiation dosimetry, time until imaging changes, surgical pathology, associated imaging, and patient demographics.ResultsThirteen of 26 patients had postoperative imaging changes seen on surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Five were deemed to have tumor recurrence due to new metastasis seen on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. Four patients were observed with serial imaging that confirmed pseudoprogression. In four patients, there was sufficient concern due to persistent MRI changes, which prompted surgical biopsy, and only one of them was positive for tumor recurrence. Factors that favored tumor recurrence included faster onset of imaging changes on MRI (55 vs. 186 days, P < .05).ConclusionsIntracranial tumor recurrence can be difficult to distinguish between radiation necrosis in sinonasal cancers treated with surgery and postoperative radiation ± chemotherapy. Patients with sub–total resection and rapid onset of MRI changes in postsurveillance scans are more likely to have tumor recurrence versus radiation necrosis. Future imaging techniques or tests that investigate tumor biomarkers are necessary to prevent unnecessary biopsies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2445–2450, 2016
Development of an in vivo model of laryngeal burn injury
Authors: Dion Gregory R. , Teng Stephanie , Bing Renjie , Hiwatashi Nao , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisInhalation injury significantly increases morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Approximately one in five burn patients have acute injury to the larynx, trachea, and/or lungs—and as many as 70% have long‐term laryngeal abnormalities. Although inhalation injury to the lung has been studied extensively, no models exist to study these insults to the larynx. As such, we developed an in vivo rabbit model to create precise and reproducible laryngeal burn with resultant tissue damage as a foundation for interventional studies.MethodsFollowing tubeless tracheotomy, a custom temperature‐control device was employed to apply heated air (70°C–80°C, 150°C–160°C, or 310°C–320°C) ± smoke derived from unbleached cotton to the larynx, endoscopically, minimizing adjacent tissue damage in six rabbits. Pain, nutrition, and level of activity were monitored. Direct laryngoscopy and histological examination were performed 24 hours following insult.ResultsAll animals survived injury with appropriate pain control; oral intake was initiated and all were adequately ventilating via tracheostomy. Burn sequelae were noted under direct visualization 24 hours after injury, and graded levels of edema and tissue damage were observed as a function of temperature. Edema obstructed true vocal fold visualization at increased temperatures. These injury patterns correlated with graded tissue damage on histology.ConclusionWe created an in vivo model of laryngeal burn injury employing a custom burn device resulting in graded tissue injury. This model is critical for investigation of the mechanisms underlying burn injury, and ultimately, the development and evaluation of therapies for this challenging population.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:186–190, 2017
Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers predict cognitive decline in lewy body dementia
Authors: Abdelnour Carla , van Steenoven Inger , Londos Elisabet , Blanc Frédéric , Auestad Bjørn , Kramberger Milica G. , Zetterberg Henrik , Mollenhauer Brit , Boada Mercè , Aarsland Dag ,   on behalf of the European DLB Consortium
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlzheimer's disease pathologies are common in dementia with Lewy bodies, but their clinical relevance is not clear. CSF biomarkers amyloid beta 1‐42, total tau, and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 reflect Alzheimer's disease neuropathology antemortem. In PD, low CSF amyloid beta 1‐42 predict long‐term cognitive decline, but little is known about these biomarkers as predictors for cognitive decline in Lewy body dementia. The aim of this study was to assess whether Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers predict cognitive decline in Lewy body dementia.MethodsFrom a large European dementia with Lewy bodies multicenter study, we analyzed baseline Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and serial MMSE (baseline and 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up) in 100 patients with Lewy body dementia. Linear mixed‐effects analyses, adjusted for sex, age, baseline MMSE, and education, were performed to model the association between CSF biomarkers and rate of cognitive decline measured with MMSE. An Alzheimer's disease CSF profile was defined as pathological amyloid beta 1‐42 plus pathological total tau or phosphorylated tau.ResultsThe Alzheimer's disease CSF profile, and pathological levels of amyloid beta 1‐42, were associated with a more rapid decline in MMSE (2.2 [P < 0.05] and 2.9 points difference [P < 0.01], respectively). Higher total tau values showed a trend toward association without statistical significance (2.0 points difference; P = 0.064), whereas phosphorylated tau was not associated with decline.ConclusionsReduced levels of CSF amyloid beta 1‐42 were associated with more rapid cognitive decline in Lewy body dementia patients. Future prospective studies should include larger samples, centralized CSF analyses, longer follow‐up, and biomarker‐pathology correlation. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Therapeutic Review of Methylprednisolone Acetate Intra‐Articular Injection in the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee – Part 2: Clinical and Procedural Considerations
Authors: McCrum Carol 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe use of an intra‐articular methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injection has been shown to have benefits for symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, considerations beyond drug efficacy can influence the appropriateness, clinical effectiveness and potential harm of an injection. A review of research evidence and published literature on clinical and procedural factors influencing the effectiveness and safety of a knee injection has been undertaken. Factors include dose, frequency, contraindications, precautions, drug interactions, side‐effects, and procedural and patient‐related considerations. An evaluation of evidence indicated that a 40 mg dose provides clinical benefit. No strong predictors of response were evident, with the exception of pain severity. Additional benefit for outcomes from higher doses, local anaesthetic, ultrasound guidance or particular anatomical approaches is yet to be demonstrated. Evidence for dose‐ and duration‐related detrimental effects suggests judicious use and frequency. The evaluation showed that there are a number of contraindications and precautions arising from the drug pharmacology, concurrent medications, comorbidities and adverse events which need consideration and monitoring. There was limited safety evidence concerning anticoagulation. The review found that specialist guidance and limited evidence suggests that injection safety concerning warfarin may be enhanced by ensuring that the international normalized ratio level is within therapeutic range. However, the risk‐benefit evaluation concerning non vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants remains challenging. Although there is published guidance, a lack of clinical studies, safety evidence and reversibility advocates caution. Overall, the review indicates that injection decisions and procedures need an individualized approach and supporting evidence is limited in many areas. Evaluation and discussion of benefits and risks, peri‐procedural and post‐injection management, and tailoring to the context and individuals' preferences are important in optimizing the benefits and safety of a knee injection.
A two‐grid SA‐AMG convergence bound that improves when increasing the polynomial degree
Authors: Hu Xiaozhe , Vassilevski Panayot S. , Xu Jinchao 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the convergence rate of a smoothed aggregation algebraic multigrid method, which uses a simple polynomial (1 − t)ν or an optimal Chebyshev‐like polynomial to construct the smoother and prolongation operator. The result is purely algebraic, whereas a required main weak approximation property of the tentative interpolation operator is verified for a spectral element agglomeration version of the method. More specifically, we prove that, for partial differential equations (PDEs), the two‐grid method converges uniformly without any regularity assumptions. Moreover, the convergence rate improves uniformly when the degree of the polynomials used for the smoother and the prolongation increases. Such a result, as is well‐known, would imply uniform convergence of the multilevel W‐cycle version of the algorithm. Numerical results, for both PDE and non‐PDE (graph Laplacian) problems are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Spectral estimates for unreduced symmetric KKT systems arising from Interior Point methods
Authors: Morini Benedetta , Simoncini Valeria , Tani Mattia 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe consider symmetrized Karush–Kuhn–Tucker systems arising in the solution of convex quadratic programming problems in standard form by Interior Point methods. Their coefficient matrices usually have 3 × 3 block structure, and under suitable conditions on both the quadratic programming problem and the solution, they are nonsingular in the limit. We present new spectral estimates for these matrices: the new bounds are established for the unpreconditioned matrices and for the matrices preconditioned by symmetric positive definite augmented preconditioners. Some of the obtained results complete the analysis recently given by Greif, Moulding, and Orban in [SIAM J. Optim., 24 (2014), pp. 49‐83]. The sharpness of the new estimates is illustrated by numerical experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat treatment effect on thermal and thermomechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfide composites reinforced with silane‐treated volcanic ash particles
Authors: Çoban Onur , Özgür Bora Mustafa , Kutluk Togayhan , Fidan Sinan , Sinmazçelik Tamer 
Published: June 2016

Thermal and thermomechanical properties of volcanic ash (VA) filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites were investigated with respect to silane treatment of VA and heat treatment of VA/PPS composites by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), respectively. The content of pristine VA was varied as 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%. After determining the optimum VA contents (10 and 15 wt%), silane treatment was performed with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3‐APTS). At last, PPS composites with pristine‐ and silane‐treated VA particles with optimum contents were heat treated at 200°C for 2 h. Adhesion behavior between VA and PPS was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was reported that thermal behavior of VA/PPS composites was dominantly affected by PPS instead of VAs. However, a direct linear relationship was found between the content of pristine VA and stiffness according to glassy storage modulus (E′) and damping factor (tan δ) results. It was determined that both silane and heat treatment had no significant effect on thermal properties. After silane treatment, a positive effect on both storage modulus and loss factor was obtained. Additionally, heat treatment caused significantly further positive effect on stiffness but drastically caused negative effect on damping. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1612–1619, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers