bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Something Else Very Barbara Pym: Cultural Criticism in Quartet in Autumn
Authors: Murphy Ryan Francis 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this article—providing both historical context and critical analysis—I challenge the popular line of scholarly thought that has for years maintained that Miss Pym is not an “issues” writer. I specifically employ Wendell Berry's The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture (1977) and Alasdair MacIntyre's After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (1981)—recognized classics of twentieth-century cultural criticism—to show how Pym, in her last novels, independently arrives at many of the same conclusions for which Berry and MacIntyre are celebrated. It is my further contention that one need not disagree with Lord David Cecil's assessment of Pym's novels as superb “examples of high comedy,” to also include her among the relevant cultural critics of her time.
A GEOLOGIA/GEOMORFOLOGIA COSTEIRA NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE GEOGRAFIA: POR UMA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA CONTEXTUALIZADA
Authors: Novais Marcos Paulo Souza 
Published: May 2016

Os livros didáticos continuam a ser a principal referência na sala de aula para alunos e professores das escolas públicas e privadas do país, embora muitas vezes utilizado de forma variada: em alguns momentos estimula a reflexão sobre o espaço geográfico e em outros trabalha com a Geografia de modo tradicional e não reflexivo. O litoral brasileiro possui uma extensão de aproximadamente 8.500 km, ao longo da qual ocorrem unidades fisiográficas variadas, sendo que a maior parte da população urbana reside nas cidades concentradas ao longo do litoral. Neste contexto a geologia/geomorfologia da zona costeira é apresentada de forma diferenciada nos manuais didáticos de Geografias, onde a abordagem das definições das formas que compõem a fisionomia dessa paisagem varia de coleção para coleção, de autor para autor. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como a geologia/geomorfologia costeira é abordada nos livros didáticos de Geografia do Ensino Médio, bem como refletir a prática pedagógica docente no que concerne ao ensino de uma geografia contextualizada. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica e análise comparativa de livros didáticos, onde foi avaliado utilizando os seguintes critérios:a) análise do perfil do autor ou autores; b) adequação dos textos e da linguagem ao público ao qual se destina; c) qualidade das imagens, representações gráficas e cartográficas; d) coerência da proposta teórico-metológica; e) abordagem conceitual; f) as fontes bibliográficas. Os resultados preliminares demonstram que alguns manuais didáticos conservam uma visão restrita sobre essa temática, e quase sempre associada às questões ambientais, porém já dispomos de livros didáticos que apresentam uma análise geológico-geomorfológica das regiões costeiras abordando conceitos e definições de feições dessa paisagem, aproximando o docente e o aluno ao conhecimento desses ambientes. Faz se necessário ainda (re) pensarmos às práticas de ensino e a produção de material didático no tocante a produção de uma geografia contextualizada. Palavras-chave: Zona Costeira, livros didáticos, prática pedagógicaDOI: 10.5902/2236499414214
O ENSINO DE CARTOGRAFIA PARA ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: Campos Mariluze De Carvalho 
Published: May 2016

A Geografia é uma disciplina que tem como suporte os recursos cartográficos e, dependendo como forem trabalhados e utilizados, podem possibilitar aos discentes uma melhor compreensão quanto às diversas representações do espaço geográfico. No entanto, no que diz respeito aos alunos com Deficiência Visual, tais recursos precisam ser reformulados e adaptados, necessitando, ainda, que os professores da disciplina em foco, propiciem atividades de estimulação tátil visando desenvolver, gradativamente, esse sentido. Nesse viés, esse artigo foi elaborado com o objetivo de indicar propostas de atividades direcionadas aos alunos que possuem esse tipo de deficiência, tendo como peças centrais os recursos táteis, perpassando ainda pelas leis que asseguram os direitos desses cidadãos. Para o alcance desse objetivo, foi feita uma pesquisa em livros, leis, revistas, sites, artigos, a fim de embasar o trabalho de um modo geral. Pretende, por fim, apresentar a importância da Cartografia Tátil como uma ferramenta capaz de fornecer um maior conhecimento da organização e distribuição dos seus espaços de vivência e enfatizar o quanto é essencial a ampliação das discussões voltadas para tal. Palavras-chave: necessidades educativas especiais, deficiente visual, Geografia, cartografia tátil. DOI: 10.5902/2236499414389
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DO CAMPO: ESTUDO DE CASO DA ESCOLA RURAL PEDRO LOVATO- RS
Authors: Netto Tatiane Almeida , Coradin Cristiane 
Published: May 2016

O trabalho propõe um exercício de reflexão em formação de professores na perspectiva da educação do campo. Como objetivos, visa analisar a formação docente, especificamente da escola rural Pedro Lovato em Novo Cabrais, RS. O estudo consiste em investigação qualitativa de um fenômeno social, as novas ruralidades, e as especificidades do contexto rural. Conclui-se com o presente estudo, que a partir das especificidade do campo, emerge a necessidade de uma formação de professores específica para a Educação do Campo, associada à produção da vida, conhecimento e produção da cultura do campo. Palavras-chave: ruralidades, sujeitos sociais, educação do campo, escola DOI: 10.5902/2236499415988
Composition determination of β-(AlxGa1−
x)2O3 layers coherently grown on (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates by high-resolution X-ray diffraction
Authors: Oshima Yuichi , Ahmadi Elaheh , Badescu Stefan C. , Wu Feng , Speck James S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate X-ray-diffraction-based composition estimation of β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 coherently grown on (010) β-Ga2O3. The relation between the strain along the [010] direction and the Al composition of the β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 layer was formulated using the stress–strain relationship in the monoclinic system. This formulation allows us to estimate the Al composition using the out-of-plane lattice spacing determined by conventional X-ray ω–2θ measurements. This method was applied to molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown coherent β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3/Ga2O3 heterostructures, and the Al composition in β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 agrees closely with the composition determined directly by atom probe tomography.
Regional Industry Structure, Industrial Tax Burden, and the Effectiveness of the Replacing Business Tax with Value Added Tax Policy: Evidence from Listed Companies in China
Authors: Xie Huobao , Hui Lili 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates the impacts of industrial tax burden and regional industry structure on the effectiveness of the replacing business tax (BT) with value added tax (VAT) policy in China. Using an event study, we find that the stock market reacts positively to the introduction of the replacing BT with VAT policy. Specifically, the market reactions are stronger for the modern service industry than for the transportation service industry because the tax burden in sub-industries of the service sector changes after the shift from BT to VAT. Also, due to disparities in regional industry structure, the policy receives a better reaction in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. We further examine the long-term effects of the replacing BT with VAT policy. The results show that the reform-induced comparative advantages of the first pilot firms in Shanghai diminish gradually as the policy is expanded nationwide. Our findings have meaningful implications for the improvement of the replacing BT with VAT policy and the development of the service and manufacturing industries.
Large‐amplitude electric fields in the inner magnetosphere: Van Allen Probes observations of subauroral polarization streams
Authors: Califf S. , Li X. , Wolf R. A. , Zhao H. , Jaynes A. N. , Wilder F. D. , Malaspina D. M. , Redmon R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) is an important magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) coupling phenomenon that impacts a range of particle populations in the inner magnetosphere. SAPS studies often emphasize ionospheric signatures of fast westward flows, but the equatorial magnetosphere is also affected through strong radial electric fields in the dusk sector. This study focuses on a period of steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the 29 June 2013 geomagnetic storm where the Van Allen Probes observe a region of intense electric fields near the plasmapause over multiple consecutive outbound duskside passes. We show that the large‐amplitude electric fields near the equatorial plane are consistent with SAPS by investigating the relationship between plasma sheet ion and electron boundaries, associated field‐aligned currents, and the spatial location of the electric fields. By incorporating high‐inclination DMSP data we demonstrate the spatial and temporal variability of the SAPS region, and we suggest that discrete, earthward propagating injections are driving the observed strong electric fields at low L shells in the equatorial magnetosphere. We also show the relationship between SAPS and plasmasphere erosion, as well as a possible correlation with flux enhancements for 100s keV electrons.
Component greenhouse gas fluxes and radiative balance from two deltaic marshes in Louisiana: Pairing chamber techniques and eddy covariance
Authors: Krauss Ken W. , Holm Guerry O. , Perez Brian C. , McWhorter David E. , Cormier Nicole , Moss Rebecca F. , Johnson Darren J. , Neubauer Scott C. , Raynie Richard C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCoastal marshes take up atmospheric CO2 while emitting CO2, CH4, and N2O. This ability to sequester carbon (C) is much greater for wetlands on a per area basis than from most ecosystems, facilitating scientific, political, and economic interest in their value as greenhouse gas sinks. However, the greenhouse gas balance of Gulf of Mexico wetlands is particularly understudied. We describe the net ecosystem exchange (NEEc) of CO2 and CH4 using eddy covariance (EC) in comparison with fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O using chambers from brackish and freshwater marshes in Louisiana, USA. From EC, we found that 182 g C m−2 yr−1 was lost through NEEc from the brackish marsh. Of this, 11 g C m−2 yr−1 resulted from net CH4 emissions and the remaining 171 g C m−2 yr−1 resulted from net CO2 emissions. In contrast, −290 g C m2 yr−1 was taken up through NEEc by the freshwater marsh, with 47 g C m−2 yr−1 emitted as CH4 and −337 g C m−2 yr−1 taken up as CO2. From chambers, we discovered that neither site had large fluxes of N2O. Sustained‐flux greenhouse gas accounting metrics indicated that both marshes had a positive (warming) radiative balance, with the brackish marsh having a substantially greater warming effect than the freshwater marsh. That net respiratory emissions of CO2 and CH4 as estimated through chamber techniques were 2–4 times different from emissions estimated through EC requires additional understanding of the artifacts created by different spatial and temporal sampling footprints between techniques.
Editorial: Reviewer selection process and new areas of expertise in GEMS
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , Balikhin Michael , Kepko Larry , Rodger Alan , Wang Yuming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne method of selecting potential reviewers for papers submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics is to filter the user database within the Geophysical Electronic Manuscript System (GEMS) by areas of expertise. The list of these areas in GEMS can be self selected by users in their profile settings. The Editors have added 18 new entries to this list, an increase of 33% more than the previous 55 entries. All space physicists are strongly encouraged to update their profile settings in GEMS, especially their areas of expertise selections, and details of how to do this are provided.
A flexible and robust neural network IASI‐NH3 retrieval algorithm
Authors: Whitburn S. , Van Damme M. , Clarisse L. , Bauduin S. , Heald C. L. , Hadji‐Lazaro J. , Hurtmans D. , Zondlo M. A. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P.‐F 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a new flexible and robust NH3 retrieval algorithm from measurements of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). The method is based on the calculation of a spectral hyperspectral range index (HRI) and subsequent conversion to NH3 columns via a neural network. It is an extension of the method presented in Van Damme et al. (2014a) who used lookup tables (LUT) for the radiance‐concentration conversion. The new method inherits the advantages of the LUT‐based method while providing several significant improvements. These include the following: (1) Complete temperature and humidity vertical profiles can be accounted for. (2) Third‐party NH3 vertical profile information can be used. (3) Reported positive biases of LUT retrieval are reduced, and finally (4) a full measurement uncertainty characterization is provided. A running theme in this study, related to item (2), is the importance of the assumed vertical NH3 profile. We demonstrate the advantages of allowing variable profile shapes in the retrieval. As an example, we analyze how the retrievals change when all NH3 is assumed to be confined to the boundary layer. We analyze different averaging procedures in use for NH3 in the literature, introduced to cope with the variable measurement sensitivity and derive global averaged distributions for the year 2013. A comparison with a GEOS‐Chem modeled global distribution is also presented, showing a general good correspondence (within ±3 × 1015 molecules.cm−2) over most of the Northern Hemisphere. However, IASI finds mean columns about 1–1.5 × 1016 molecules.cm−2 (∼50–60%) lower than GEOS‐Chem for India and the North China plain.
Defining Arthritis for Public Health Surveillance: Methods and Estimates in Four US Population Health Surveys
Authors: Murphy Louise B. , Cisternas Miriam G. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Giles Wayne , Hannan Casey , Helmick Charles G. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the variability of arthritis prevalence in 4 US population health surveys.MethodsWe estimated annualized arthritis prevalence in 2011–2012, among adults age ≥20 years, using 2 definition methods, both based on self‐report: 1) doctor‐/health care provider–diagnosed arthritis in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS); and 2) three arthritis definitions based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) criteria in MEPS (National Arthritis Data Workgroup on Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Conditions [NADW‐AORC], Clinical Classifications Software [CCS], and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]).ResultsDiagnosed arthritis prevalence percentages using the surveys were within 3 points of one another (BRFSS 26.2% [99% confidence interval (99% CI) 26.0–26.4], MEPS 26.1% [99% CI 25.0–27.2], NHIS 23.5% [99% CI 22.9–24.1], NHANES 23.0% [99% CI 19.2–26.8]), and those using ICD‐9‐CM were within 5 percentage points of one another (CCS 25.8% [99% CI 24.6–27.1]; CDC 28.3% [99% CI 27.0–29.6]; and NADW‐AORC 30.7% [99% CI 29.4–32.1]). The variation in the estimated number (in millions) affected with diagnosed arthritis was 7.8 (BRFSS 58.5 [99% CI 58.1–59.1], MEPS 59.3 [99% CI 55.6–63.1], NHANES 51.5 [99% CI 37.2–65.5], and NHIS 52.6 [99% CI 50.9–54.4]), and using ICD‐9‐CM definitions it was 11.1 (CCS 58.7 [99% CI 54.5–62.9], CDC 64.3 [99% CI 59.9–68.6], and NADW 69.9 [99% CI 65.2–74.5]). Most (57–70%) reporting diagnosed arthritis also reported ICD‐9‐CM arthritis; respondents reporting diagnosed arthritis were older than those meeting ICD‐9‐CM definitions. Proxy response status affected arthritis prevalence differently across surveys.ConclusionPublic health practitioners and decision makers are frequently charged with choosing a single number to represent arthritis prevalence in the US population. We encourage them to consider the surveys’ purpose, design, measurement methods, and statistical precision when choosing an estimate.
[FeFe]‐Hydrogenase with Chalcogenide Substitutions at the H‐Cluster Maintains Full H2 Evolution Activity
Authors: Noth Jens , Esselborn Julian , Güldenhaupt Jörn , Brünje Annika , Sawyer Anne , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Gerwert Klaus , Hofmann Eckhard , Winkler Martin , Happe Thomas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe [FeFe]‐hydrogenase HYDA1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is particularly amenable to biochemical and biophysical characterization because the H‐cluster in the active site is the only inorganic cofactor present. Herein, we present the complete chemical incorporation of the H‐cluster into the HYDA1‐apoprotein scaffold and, furthermore, the successful replacement of sulfur in the native [4FeH] cluster with selenium. The crystal structure of the reconstituted pre‐mature HYDA1[4Fe4Se]H protein was determined, and a catalytically intact artificial H‐cluster variant was generated upon in vitro maturation. Full hydrogen evolution activity as well as native‐like composition and behavior of the redesigned enzyme were verified through kinetic assays, FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray structure analysis. These findings reveal that even a bioinorganic active site with exceptional complexity can exhibit a surprising level of compositional plasticity.
Eintopf‐N2C/C2C/N2N‐Proteinligationsstrategien zur Analyse schwacher Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen
Authors: Zhao Lei , Ehrt Christiane , Koch Oliver , Wu Yao‐Wen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSchwache Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen sind von zentraler Bedeutung für die Dynamik der Zelle. Leider verhindern geringe Halbwertszeiten eine zufriedenstellende Charakterisierung dieser Komplexe. Die von uns etablierte, leicht umsetzbare und hochspezifische Methode ermöglicht die Erzeugung stabiler Komplexe durch kovalente Verknüpfung räumlich benachbarter Proteintermini. Um das Spektrum möglicher Ligationsreaktionen zu erweitern, wurden drei Strategien angewendet: die bereits etablierte native chemische Ligation (N‐zu‐C‐Terminus, N2C), sowie die Ligation der C‐Termini (C‐zu‐C‐Terminus, C2C) oder N‐Termini (N‐zu‐N‐Terminus, N2N) der wechselwirkenden Proteine in einem Reaktionsansatz. Für die schwache Wechselwirkung zwischen Ypt1 und GDI konnte dabei eine Präferenz für die C2C‐Ligation beobachtet werden (t1/2=4.8 min, annähernd quantitative Umsetzung). Analysen des Ypt1‐GDI‐Addukts ergeben, dass die Wechselwirkung mit der Ypt1‐G‐Domäne das Öffnen der Lipidbindetasche von GDI induziert und die Bindung einer Prenyleinheit ermöglicht. Diese Untersuchungen liefern somit Einblicke in das Rab‐vermittelte Membranrecycling. Der Einsatz der Ligationsstrategie für das transiente KRas‐Homodimer unterstreicht ihre allgemeine Anwendbarkeit.
Differentially Isotope‐Labeled Nucleosomes To Study Asymmetric Histone Modification Crosstalk by Time‐Resolved NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Liokatis Stamatios , Klingberg Rebecca , Tan Song , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) of histones regulate chromatin structure and function. Because nucleosomes contain two copies each of the four core histones, the establishment of different PTMs on individual “sister” histones in the same nucleosomal context, that is, asymmetric histone PTMs, are difficult to analyze. Here, we generated differentially isotope‐labeled nucleosomes to study asymmetric histone modification crosstalk by time‐resolved NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, we present mechanistic insights into nucleosomal histone H3 modification reactions in cis and in trans, that is, within individual H3 copies or between them. We validated our approach by using the H3S10phK14ac crosstalk mechanism, which is mediated by the Gcn5 acetyltransferase. Moreover, phosphorylation assays on methylated substrates showed that, under certain conditions, Haspin kinase is able to produce nucleosomes decorated asymmetrically with two distinct types of PTMs.
Role of epoxidation on segmental motion of polyisoprene as studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Ming‐Chao , An Ran , Gao Xiao‐Xiao , Zeng Jian , Huang Guang‐Su 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, the broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is used to investigate the relaxation behavior of polyisoprene (PI) epoxidized to various levels and the special consideration is devoted to the effect of epoxidation degree on segmental relaxation. To associate segmental relaxation with molecular structure, several empirical equations are used to fit experimental data. Furthermore, we want to discuss the origin of the change of segmental relaxation. Thermal measurement reveals that glass transition temperature of epoxidized PI (EPI) increase with the increase of epoxidation degrees. The epoxidation modification increases the breadth of the dielectric dispersion. Oxirane groups as steric interference enhance the cooperativity of segmental relaxation process and retard the relaxation process, which results in the increase of coupling parameter. Specifically, Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation shows the relationship between correlation length and temperature. These results further illustrate the effect of epoxidation group on segmental motion of PI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43879.
How Hand Osteoarthritis, Comorbidity, and Pain Interact to Determine Functional Limitation in Older People: Observations From the European Project on OSteoArthritis Study
Authors: Siviero Paola , Zambon Sabina , Limongi Federica , Castell Maria Victoria , Cooper Cyrus , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Denkinger Michael D. , Dennison Elaine M. , Edwards Mark H. , Gesmundo Antonella , Otero Ángel , Pedersen Nancy L. , Peter Richard , Queipo Rocio , Timmermans Erik J. , van Schoor Natasja M. , Maggi Stefania ,   for the EPOSA Research Group
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the role of comorbidity and pain in the associations of hand osteoarthritis (OA) with self‐reported and performance‐based physical function in a general population of elderly persons.MethodsWe studied data from 2,942 participants ages 65–85 years in the European Project on OSteoArthritis, a collaborative observational study of 6 European cohorts (from Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). Outcome measures included self‐reported physical function of the hands measured by the AUStralian/CANadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) for hand OA physical function subscale and performance‐based grip strength measured using a strain gauge dynamometer.ResultsComorbidity was not a confounder in the association of hand OA with self‐reported and performance‐based functional limitations, while the role of pain as a mediator was confirmed. Anxiety, depression, stroke, and osteoporosis were associated with AUSCAN scores reflecting more impairment. Depression and osteoporosis were associated with less grip strength.ConclusionAlthough comorbidity was decidedly and independently associated with hand functional limitation, it had no effect on the relationship of hand OA with physical function. Hand OA was found to be associated with both self‐reported and performance‐based physical function impairment; the association was found to be partially mediated by pain, which reduced its impact.