bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IGF1R is protective in pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: Felten Matthias , Alves Luiz-Gustavo Teixeira , Letsiou Eleftheria , Arnedo Elvira Alfaro , Piñeiro-Hermida Sergio , López Icíar P. , Dietert Kristina , Firsching Theresa , Gruber Achim D. , Fatykhova Diana , Hocke Andreas , Lingscheid Tilmann , Lienau Jasmin , Rohde Gernot ,   Capnetz Study Group, Pichel Jose G. , Witzenrath Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae(S.pn) is the most prevalent causal bacterial pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, pneumococcal pneumonia can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome where actual therapies are mainly supportive, and the discovery of new molecular targets is needed.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of IGF1R (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) in pneumococcal pneumonia.MethodsIgf1r-deficient (UBC-CreERT2; Igf1rfl/fl) and control (Igf1rfl/fl) mice were infected with 5×106S.pn(PN36) or PBS (sham infected). Mice were sacrificed 48 h after infection. Pulmonary permeability, local inflammatory response, and pulmonary and extra-pulmonary bacterial loads were analyzed. Further, IGF1R protein expression was determined in human lung tissue afterS.pninfection and IGF1 and IGF1R levels were determined serum of pneumonia patients.ResultsIn patients and mice infected withS.pn, IGF1 signaling was significantly altered.Igf1r-deficient mice had significantly increased pulmonary permeability after infection with increased pulmonary inflammatory cytokine levels, while inflammatory cell recruitment was not altered compared to infectedIgf1rfl/flcontrol animals. Pulmonary bacterial load was significantly higher inIgf1r-deficient mice, and histological analysis confirmed increased alveolar edema and necrosis compared to infectedIgf1rfl/flcontrol and sham-infected mice.Ex vivo,S.pncaused a decrease in IGF1R protein expression in human lung tissue.ConclusionOur results demonstrate a significant regulation of IGF1R in ex-vivo infected human lung tissue and in serum ofS.pnpneumonia patients. Moreover, pneumonia severity was increased inIgf1r-deficient mice uponS.pninfection compared toIgf1rfl/flcontrol mice, suggesting that IGF1R plays a protective role in pneumococcal pneumonia.
A critical affinity window for IgSF proteins DIP-α and Dpr10 is required for proper motor neuron arborization
Authors: Lopez Davys H. , Rostam Kevin D. , Zamurrad Sumaira , Xu Shuwa , Mann Richard S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor flies to walk properly, motor neurons (MNs) from the ventral nerve cord (VNC) need to reach the correct muscle, and arborize appropriately during development. The canonical view of how this is achieved is that cell surface proteins are expressed pre- and post-synaptically that bind to each other like molecular “lock-and-keys” that guide neurons to their targets. The binding affinities of these molecules can vary by more than 100-fold. In the fly leg neuromuscular system, three MNs expressDIP-αand their target muscles express its cognate partner,dpr10, both of which encode members of the Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Although, both of these molecules are necessary for the maintenance of MN-muscle contacts, the role that specific affinities play in this process has not been examined. Here we use knock-in mutations intoDIP-αanddpr10that either decrease or increase the affinity between these two proteins. Compared to control animals, decreasing the affinity results in phenotypes similar toDIP-αordpr10 null animals, where MN axons fail to maintain contacts with their muscle targets and retract their filopodia, resulting in stunted and/or branchless axons. We also find that the threeDIP-α-expressing motor neurons behave differently to the loss of affinity. Surprisingly, if the affinity increases past a certain threshold, a similar branchless phenotype is observed in adult legs. Live imaging during pupal development shows that MN filopodia are unable to productively engage their muscle targets and behavioral assays suggest that these defects lead to locomotor deficits. These data suggest that CAM affinities are tuned to a specific range to achieve proper neuronal morphology.
SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 regulates 3’-Phosphoadenosine 5’-Phosphosulfate Synthase 2 mRNA expression through derepression of the transcriptional repressor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta
Authors: Liu Cunren , Serra Rosa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPreviously, we showed thatPapss2expression is regulated through a Sox9-dependent pathway. Here we explore molecular mechanisms whereby Sox9 regulates mousePapss2. A 509bp Sox9-responsive DNA element (Region C) was identified upstream of thePapss2second start site using co-transfection and luciferase reporter assays. A Sox9 responsive element was narrowed down to 32bps within Region C (Sox9RE). Putative SoxE and C/EBPβ binding sites were identified within S9RE. C/EBPβ was identified as a repressor for Sox9-mediated activity. In cells transfected with expression vectors for C/EBPβ and Sox9, increasing amounts of C/EBPβ resulted in attenuation of Sox9-mediated activation of Region C while increasing amounts of Sox9 activated transcription in the presence of C/EBPβ. Using electromobility shift assays, three protein complexes were identified on S9RE after incubation with nuclear extracts from ATDC5 cells. Super shift assays indicated that under basal conditions C/EBPβ was present in the DNA-protein complexes observed. Unlabeled S9RE with point mutations in the predicted SoxE binding site competed with protein complex formation on the S9RE while excess oligo corresponding to the predicted SoxE binding site did not, suggesting that proteins do not bind to SoxE motiff under basal conditions. Under conditions of high Sox9 expression, the formation of protein-DNA complexes on S9RE was inhibited. We then showed by western blot that increasing Sox9 protein resulted in reduced C/EBPβ protein levels. Co-immunoprecipitation indicated interaction of Sox9 and C/EBPβ proteins. We propose that Sox9 acts to derepress C/EBPβ-inhibited transcription of Papss2 by first interacting with C/EBPβ to prevent it from binding DNA, then reducing C/EBPβ expression.
HIV Vpr activates a nucleolar-specific ATR pathway to degrade the nucleolar stress sensor CCDC137
Authors: Nisson Karly A , Patel Rishi S , Delgado Yennifer , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Etienne Lucie , Fregoso Oliver I 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe lentiviral accessory protein Vpr engages an extensive network of cellular pathways to drive diverse host consequences. Of its many phenotypes, CRL4A-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex co-option, DNA damage response (DDR) engagement, and G2/M arrest are conserved and thus proposed to be functionally important. How Vpr effects these functions and whether they explain how Vpr dysregulates additional cellular pathways remain unclear. Here we leverage the ability of Vpr to deplete the nucleolar protein CCDC137 to understand how Vpr-induced DDR activation impacts nucleolar processes. We characterize CCDC137 as an indirect Vpr target whose degradation does not correlate with Vpr-induced G2/M arrest. Yet, degradation is conserved among Vpr from the pandemic HIV-1 and related SIVcpz/SIVgor, and it is triggered by genomic insults that activate a nucleolar ATR pathway in a manner similar to camptothecin. We determine that Vpr causes ATR-dependent features of nucleolar stress that correlate with CCDC137 degradation, including redistribution of nucleolar proteins, altered nucleolar morphology, and repressed ribosome biogenesis. Together, this data distinguishes CCDC137 as a non-canonical Vpr target that may serve as a sensor of nucleolar disruption, and in doing so, identifies a novel role for Vpr in nucleolar stress.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Autism and Intellectual Disability-AssociatedMYT1LMutation Alters Human Cortical Interneuron Differentiation, Maturation, and Physiology
Authors: Prakasam Ramachandran , Determan Julianna , Narasimhan Mishka , Shen Renata , Saleh Maamoon , Chapman Gareth , Kaushik Komal , Gontarz Paul , Meganathan Kesavan , Hakim Bilal , Zhang Bo , Huettner James E. , Kroll Kristen L. 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYMYT1L is a neuronal transcription factor highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. While pathogenicMYT1Lmutation causes neurodevelopmental disorders, these have not been characterized in human models of neurodevelopment. Here, we defined the consequences of pathogenicMYT1Lmutation in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical interneurons. During differentiation, mutation reduced MYT1L expression and increased progenitor cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation and synapse-related gene expression, morphological complexity, and synaptic puncta formation. Conversely, interneuron maturation was compromised, while variant neurons exhibited altered sodium and potassium channel activity and reduced function in electrophysiological analyses. CRISPRi-based knockdown similarly impaired interneuron differentiation and maturation, supporting loss of function-based effects. We further defined MYT1L genome-wide occupancy in interneurons and related this to the transcriptomic dysregulation resulting fromMYT1Lmutation, to identify direct targets that could mediate these phenotypic consequences. Together, this work delineates contributors to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting fromMYT1Lmutation.
Time on Task in Psychotherapeutic/Psychoeducational Intervention with Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Authors: Strayhorn Joseph , Faraone Stephen V. , Zhang-James Yanli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnger control has been seen as a set of learnable skills. How much time is necessary for such learning? Comparisons with time requirements for other skills make it plausible that for many people, learning anger control may require well over 100 hours of time on task. Research interventions have been shorter -- a mean of 9 sessions was reported in one meta-analysis. In this study, our goal was to examine how much psychotherapeutic intervention is being delivered in the “real world” to patients with Intermittent Explosive Disorder.MethodWe studied a de-identified electronic health record data from TriNetX, collected from 87 medical institutions. We studied 32,322 individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder. We examined the distribution of the number of individuals across numbers of sessions received.ResultsThe distribution for the numbers of sessions is highly skewed, resembling a curve of inverse proportion, or a Pareto function. The mode and the median were zero. Only about 25% of patients received any psychotherapy. For that subset, the median was 5 sessions, and the mean was 16. Approximately 10% received 9 visits or more; 5% 30 or more; 2% 50 or more. A large fraction of the psychotherapeutic labor was devoted to a small fraction of the patients: 80% of the sessions went to 7.5% of the patients.ConclusionsThe ability of health care systems to reduce the societal problem of aggression, at least by psychotherapeutic intervention, appears limited by the factors leading to low, or no, time on task.
Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue, and West Nile arboviruses in Iran based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionArboviruses, including Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses, are significant viral threats that affect numerous people globally each year. This report explore the prevalence of these viruses in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe present survey was performed with a systematic review and meta-analysis method on the seroprevalence of WNV, CHIKV, and DENV using the ELISA test. Based on this, by search in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar scientific databases, all relevant published papers were sorted out and reviewed. Power ratification of data was carried out with a random effects model in meta-analysis, meta-regression,I2index, and Egger test.ResultsTwelve published papers between 2000 and 2024 were embodied in this meta-analysis report. The seroprevalence of positive ELISA test for WNV in Iran was estimated at 12.9% (CI=95%: 7.4-18.4), and for CHIKV at 6.2% (CI=95%: 0.6-11.8). Regarding DENV, only two studies were conducted with a zero prevalence in one study, and a seroprevalence of 5.6% in another study.ConclusionAccording to these data, WNV, CHIKV, and DENV fevers have been detected in Iran using ELISA test. Considering the seropositivity of WNV and CHIKV, and the finding of these viruses from several provinces, it could be for granted that these two viruses are ubiquitous and DENV fever is sporadic in Iran.Author SummaryArboviruses, including Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and West Nile (WNV), pose significant health threats globally, with increasing infections reported, including in Iran. This report conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of these viruses in Iran through ELISA testing. A total of twelve studies published from 2000 to 2024 were analyzed, revealing a seroprevalence of 12.9% for WNV and 6.2% for CHIKV, while DENV showed a mixed prevalence of 0% in one study and 5.6% in another. The results suggest that WNV and CHIKV are widespread in Iran, whereas DENV appears to be sporadic.
Mapping the Psychopathic Brain: Divergent Neuroimaging Findings converge onto a Common Brain Network
Authors: Dugré Jules R. , De Brito Stéphane A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPsychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a constellation of interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial features. However, its neural underpinnings remain poorly understood because functional neuroimaging studies have produced disparate findings. Here, we tackled this lack of replication by investigating whether peak coordinates of studies on psychopathy could in fact map onto a common functional connectivity network. An updated meta-analysis of 23 functional neuroimaging studies (534 cases vs 594 controls) first revealed no significant regional spatial convergence. However, using functional connectomes of 1,000 healthy participants, we demonstrated that the heterogeneous study findings do indeed converge onto a common brain network with a replicability reaching up to 85.2% across studies. We subsequently showed strong associations between this Psychopathy Network and a lesion network of 17 lesion sites causally linked to antisocial behaviors, as well as its association with neurotransmission systems and genetic markers previously implicated in the pathophysiology of psychopathy. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of examining the neural correlates of psychopathy from a network perspective, which can be validated using a multilevel approach, encompassing neural, genetic and neurochemical data. Ultimately, this approach may pave the way for novel and more personalised treatments.
Coherent-synchrotron-radiation-free longitudinal shaping of a high-charge electron bunch based on velocity modulation
Authors: Song Zhi , Zhou Shiyu , Hua Jianfei , Du Yingchao , Li Fei , Peng Bo , Lu Wei , Wang Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) is a promising technique to generate high-energy electron bunches for future electron-positron colliders. Longitudinal shaping of high-charge drive beam is highly desired for achieving high-transformer ratio and loading high-charge witness beam. However, the existing shaping schemes either focused on relatively low-charge bunch shaping or accompanied with significant charge-loss rate (typically over 50%). In this paper, a coherent-synchrotron-radiation-free shaping scheme based on velocity modulation is proposed to generate a high-charge beam with a linearly ramped profile. A >10  kA-peak-current shaped beam containing >50  nC charge with a low charge-loss rate is demonstrated by a start-to-end simulation, and the tunabilities of the beam charge and the peak current, and the robustness of the proposed shaping scheme are also discussed. When loaded by a 3 nC witness beam, a >GV/m accelerating electric field with a transformer ratio larger than 4 can be achieved in a uniform plasma for the shaped drive beam, providing the possibility of high-transformer-ratio PWFA for a high-charge beam.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Band terminations and maximum spin values with up to 18 aligned particles (and holes) in the
Z,N=50
to 82 shells
Authors: Ragnarsson I. , Kardan A. , Carlsson B. G. , Paul E. S. , Petrache C. M. , Riley M. A. , Sharpey-Schafer J. F. , Simpson J. 
Published: September 2024

Observed rotational bands that terminate or appear to terminate at very high spin are analyzed within the configuration constrained cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (unpaired CNS or CNSB with pairing) formalism. Spin values for the nuclei discussed reach or come close to the maximum spin that can be built within the Z,N=50–82 shells. Configurations are distinguished not only by the number of particles in high-j and low-j shells within each N shell but, in some cases, also by the number of particles in pseudospin partners like d5/2g7/2 and s1/2d3/2. Configurations in Dy156 and Hf164, which terminate at I≈60, are well understood in terms of their occupation of open j shells or groups of j shells. The bands in Dy156 are tentatively observed up to termination while the bands in Hf164 are still a few spin units away. These terminating states are built with up to 18 aligned particles or 18 particles+holes outside a core. The core is built from nucleons in filled j shells, which gives no contribution to the spin. Analysis of the high-spin bands in Xe125,126 and Ce131,132 suggests that bands in Xe126 and Ce132 are observed to terminate at similar spin values, where terminating bands in Xe126 are observed high above yrast. It is remarkable that the deformed mean field, plus single-particle configurations, is able to provide such a comprehensive description of known experimental levels in nuclei up to spin 60ℏ and beyond. It is also impressive that the model can relate alignments of single-particle spin vectors to changes in shape with the nuclear spin.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Amplitude factorization in the electroweak standard model
Authors: Plätzer Simon , Sjödahl Malin 
Published: September 2024

We provide tools to analyze factorization at the amplitude level for processes involving the entire standard model. We focus in particular on a momentum region, in which the factorization of real and certain virtual corrections appears in a generalized eikonal approximation in which we expand around a quasisoft limit for massive gauge bosons, fermions, and scalars. We use the chirality-flow formalism to express loop exchanges or emissions as operators on chiral structures. This provides key tools for amplitude evolution with parton exchange and branching in the full Standard Model, including the electroweak sector.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Thermal hysteresis in wettability and the Leidenfrost phenomenon
Authors: Kita Yutaku , Kida Kensuke , Ariyoshi Takaaki , Hidaka Sumitomo , Kohno Masamichi , Takata Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2024

The Leidenfrost temperature (TL), at which the liquid drop lifetime peaks on a superheated surface, is believed to be wettability dependent. Here, we show that the wettability effect on TL is subject to the history of the surface temperature. Observing a water drop evaporating on a polished stainless-steel surface heated from 100 to 400∘C in argon gas, we find TL≈265∘C. We then repeat the experiment along decreasing temperature and find a TL increase by 10 K, i.e., TL≈275∘C. This thermal hysteresis is due to a reduced contact angle during heating. Once hydrophilized, the hysteresis disappears until the contact angle recovers. Similar observations are made in the air where oxidation is possible.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A case study: anti-corrosion performances of plasma sprayed AT13 coatings on CrZrCu thin wall cylinder with adjusted parameters for controlling deformation
Authors: Hou Jian , Liu Chenyang , Wang Han , Li Zilin , Huang Guosheng , Ma Li , Ma Bo Jiang 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to control the deformation of a thin wall CrZrCu cylinder components (wall thickness 5 mm, diameter 400 mm) during thermal spray alumina-titania (AT13) coating by adjusting the spray parameters without deteriorating its quality evidently.

Design/methodology/approach
The deformation was controlled by lowering the temperature of the component in the way of adjusting the spray parameters. The main parameters adjust included extending the spraying distance, from normally 120 mm to 140 mm, decreasing plasma power from 50to 42 kW. An alumina-titanium (AT13) ceramic coating was chosen for protecting the substrate from corrosion. Microscopic morphology and phase analysis, insulation resistance testing, neutral salt test and electrochemical method were used to analyze the anti-corrosion and insulation performances of the coating.

Findings
The results indicate that, after adjusting the spraying parameters, the coating has a relatively high porosity, with an average value of 8.96 ± 0.77%. The bonding strength of the coating is relatively low, with an average value of 17.69 ± 0.85 MPa. However, after sealing, the polarization resistance of the coating in seawater can be maintained above 6.25 × 106 Ω.cm2 for an extended period. The coating has a high resistance (=1.1 M Ω), and there is no apparent galvanic corrosion when contacted with TC4 alloy. Additionally, analysis of corrosion products on the sample surface reveals that the samples with sprayed alumina-titanium ceramic show no copper corrosion products on the surface, and the coating remains intact, effectively isolating the corrosive medium.

Originality/value
By adjusting the spraying parameters, the deformation of the cylinder thin-walled component can be effectively controlled, making the φ 400 × 392 mm (thickness 5 mm) CrZrCu cylinder com-ponent with a maximum diameter deformation of only 0.14 mm. The satisfactory corrosion performances can be achieved under adjusting spraying parameters, which can guarantee the application of ceramic coating for weapon launching system of naval ships.