bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal comfort analyses of naturally ventilated university classrooms
Authors: Hamzah Baharuddin , Ishak Muhammad Taufik , Beddu Syarif , Osman Mohammad Yoenus 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse thermal comfort and the thermal environment in naturally ventilated classrooms. Specifically, the aims of the study were to identify the thermal environment and thermal comfort of respondents in naturally ventilated university classrooms and compare them with the ASHRAE and Indonesian National Standard (SNI); to check on whether the predicted mean vote (PMV) model is applicable or not for predicting the thermal comfort of occupants in naturally ventilated university classrooms; and to analyse the neutral temperature of occupants in the naturally ventilated university classrooms.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was carried out at the new campus of Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa campus. A number of field surveys, which measured thermal environments, namely, air temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), relative humidity, and air velocity, were carried out. The personal activity and clothing properties were also recorded. At the same time, respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire to obtain their thermal sensation votes (TSV) and thermal comfort votes (TCV), thermal preference, and thermal acceptance. A total of 118 respondents participated in the study. Before the survey was conducted, a brief explanation was provided to the participants to ensure that they understood the study objectives and also how to fill in the questionnaires.

Findings
The results indicated that the surveyed classrooms had higher thermal environments than those specified in the well-known ASHRAE standard and Indonesian National Standard (SNI). However, this condition did not make respondents feel uncomfortable because a large proportion of respondents voted within the comfort zone (+1, 0, and −1). The predictive mean vote using the PMV model was higher than the respondents’ votes either by TSV or by TCV. There was a huge difference between neutral temperature using operative temperature (To) and air temperature (Ta). This difference may have been because of the small value of MRT recorded in the measured classrooms.

Originality/value
The research shows that the use of the PMV model in predicting thermal comfort in the tropic region might be misleading. This is because PMV mostly overestimates the TSV and TCV of the respondents. People in the tropic region are more tolerant to a higher temperature. On the basis of this finding, there is a need to develop a new thermal comfort model for university classrooms that is particularly optimal for this tropical area.
Above‐ and below‐ground responses of four tundra plant functional types to deep soil heating and surface soil fertilization
Authors: Wang Peng , Limpens Juul , Mommer Liesje , van Ruijven Jasper , Nauta Ake L. , Berendse Frank , Schaepman‐Strub Gabriela , Blok Daan , Maximov Trofim C. , Heijmans Monique M.P.D. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryClimate warming is faster in the Arctic than the global average. Nutrient availability in the tundra soil is expected to increase by climate warming through (i) accelerated nutrient mobilization in the surface soil layers, and (ii) increased thawing depths during the growing season which increases accessibility of nutrients in the deeper soil layers. Both processes may initiate shifts in tundra vegetation composition. It is important to understand the effects of these two processes on tundra plant functional types.We manipulated soil thawing depth and nutrient availability at a Northeast‐Siberian tundra site to investigate their effects on above‐ and below‐ground responses of four plant functional types (grasses, sedges, deciduous shrubs and evergreen shrubs). Seasonal thawing was accelerated with heating cables at c. 15 cm depth without warming the surface soil, whereas nutrient availability was increased in the surface soil by adding slow‐releaseNPKfertilizer at c. 5 cm depth. A combination of these two treatments was also included. This is the first field experiment specifically investigating the effects of accelerated thawing in tundra ecosystems.Deep soil heating increased the above‐ground biomass of sedges, the deepest rooted plant functional type in our study, but did not affect biomass of the other plant functional types. In contrast, fertilization increased above‐ground biomass of the two dwarf shrub functional types, both of which had very shallow root systems. Grasses showed the strongest response to fertilization, both above‐ and below‐ground. Grasses were deep‐rooted, and they showed the highest plasticity in terms of vertical root distribution, as grass root distribution shifted to deep and surface soil in response to deep soil heating and surface soil fertilization respectively.Synthesis. Our results indicate that increased thawing depth can only benefit deep‐rooted sedges, while the shallow‐rooted dwarf shrubs, as well as flexible‐rooted grasses, take advantage of increased nutrient availability in the upper soil layers. Our results suggest that grasses have the highest root plasticity, which enables them to be more competitive in rapidly changing environments. We conclude that root vertical distribution strategies are important for vegetation responses to climate‐induced increases in soil nutrient availability in Arctic tundra, and that future shifts in vegetation composition will depend on the balance between changes in thawing depth and nutrient availability in the surface soil.
Biodegradation of the aminopolyphosphonate DTPMP by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis proceeds via a C–P lyase‐independent pathway
Authors: Drzyzga Damian , Forlani Giuseppe , Vermander Jochen , Kafarski Paweł , Lipok Jacek 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCyanobacteria, the only prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, play a major role in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus global cycling. Under conditions of increased P availability and nutrient loading, some cyanobacteria are capable of blooming, rapidly multiplying and possibly altering the ecological structure of the ecosystem. Because of their ability of using non‐conventional P sources, these microalgae can be used for bioremediation purposes. Under this perspective, the metabolization of the polyphosphonate diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic) acid (DTPMP) by the strain CCALA 007 of Anabaena variabilis was investigated using 31P NMR analysis. Results showed a quantitative breakdown of DTPMP by cell‐free extracts from cyanobacterial cells grown in the absence of any phosphonate. The identification of intermediates and products allowed us to propose a unique and new biodegradation pathway in which the formation of (N‐acetylaminomethyl)phosphonic acid represents a key step. This hypothesis was strengthened by the results obtained by incubating cell‐free extracts with pathway intermediates. When Anabaena cultures were grown in the presence of the phosphonate, or phosphorus‐starved before the extraction, significantly higher biodegradation rates were found.
Linking Issue Management, Corporate Social Responsibility and Crisis Communication: Applying Balance Theory in Crisis and Issue Management
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen Angela , Borden Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

Through a 2 × 2 × 3 experiment design, this study examines effects of issue‐related corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes on stakeholder perceptions of an issue‐related crisis (i.e., blame, scepticism and corporate credibility) through the lens of balance theory. Results indicate that issue‐related CSR programmes work well in reducing scepticism when stakeholders have high issue involvement and positive attitudes. Scepticism is also found to be a mediator between issue‐related CSR programmes and perceived corporate credibility.
Using Harm‐Based Weights for the AHRQ Patient Safety for Selected Indicators Composite (PSI‐90): Does It Affect Assessment of Hospital Performance and Financial Penalties in Veterans Health Administration Hospitals?
Authors: Chen Qi , Rosen Amy K. , Borzecki Ann , Shwartz Michael 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess whether hospital profiles for public reporting and pay‐for‐performance, measured by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety for Selected Indicators (PSI‐90) composite measure, were affected by using the recently developed harm‐based weights.Data Sources/Study SettingRetrospective analysis of 2012–2014 data from the Veterans Health Administration (VA).Study DesignThe AHRQ PSI software (v5.0) was applied to obtain the original volume‐based PSI‐90 scores for 132 acute‐care hospitals. We constructed a modified PSI‐90 using the harm‐based weights developed by AHRQ. We compared hospital profiles for public reporting and pay‐for‐performance between these two PSI‐90s and assessed patterns in these changes.Principal FindingsThe volume‐based and the harm‐based PSI‐90s were strongly correlated (r = 0.67, p < .0001). The use of the harm‐based PSI‐90 had a relatively small impact on public reporting (i.e., 5 percent hospitals changed categorization), but it had a much larger impact on pay‐for‐performance (e.g., 15 percent of hospitals would have faced different financial penalties under the Medicare Hospital‐Acquired Condition Reduction Program). Because of changes in weights of specific PSIs, hospital profile changes occurred systematically.ConclusionsUse of the harm‐based weights in PSI‐90 has the potential to significantly change payments under pay‐for‐performance programs. Policy makers should carefully develop transition plans for guiding hospitals through changes in any quality metrics used for pay‐for‐performance.
Comparisons of morphology and esterase levels between Blattella germanica and Blattella nipponica (Blattodea: Blattellidae)
Authors: Kim Juil , Kwon Min , Maharjan Rameswor , Kim Gil‐Hah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe habitat of the cockroach varies by species. The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, lives in human dwellings, while the Japanese field roach, Blattella nipponica, lives in a mountainous region. Based on phylogenetic analysis of mtCOI, the two species are closely related to each other and B. germanica is divergent from wild species such as B. nipponica. Their habitats and walking speed differ even though the two species have similar morphology. We hypothesized that habitats might influence walking speed by changes to appendage morphology and enzyme‐based physiological differences. We compared the length of the appendages and differences in a multifunctional enzyme superfamily, the esterases (EST, EC 3.1), including acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), which is related to central nervous system function. We found that phenotypes such as appendage length and esterase isozyme expression were clearly different between the two species. These differences might be responsible for the observed difference in walking speed.
Partitioning the effects of mating and nuptial feeding on the microbiome in gift‐giving insects
Authors: Smith Chad C. , Srygley Robert B. , Dietrich Emma I. , Mueller Ulrich G. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMating is a ubiquitous social interaction with the potential to influence the microbiome by facilitating transmission, modifying host physiology, and in species where males donate nuptial gifts to females, altering diet. We manipulated mating and nuptial gift consumption in two insects that differ in nuptial gift size, the Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex and the decorated cricket Gryllodes sigillatus, with the expectation that larger gifts are more likely to affect the gut microbiome. Surprisingly, mating, but not nuptial gift consumption, affected the structure of bacterial communities in the gut, and only in Mormon crickets. The change in structure was due to a precipitous drop in the abundance of lactic‐acid bacteria in unmated females, a taxon known for their beneficial effects on nutrition and immunity. Mating did not affect phenoloxidase or lysozyme‐like antibacterial activity in either species, suggesting that any physiological response to mating on host‐microbe interactions is decoupled from systemic immunity. Protein supplementation also did not affect the gut microbiome in decorated crickets, suggesting that insensitivity of gut microbes to dietary protein could contribute to the lack of an effect of nuptial gift consumption. Our study provides experimental evidence that sexual interactions can affect the microbiome and suggests mating can promote beneficial gut bacteria.
Termination of pre‐hospital resuscitation by anaesthesiologists – causes and consequences. A retrospective study
Authors: Mikkelsen S. , Lossius H. M. , Binderup L. G. , Schaffalitzky de Muckadell C. , Toft P. , Lassen A. T. 
Published: November 2016

AimDifferentiating between a newly deceased patient and the lifeless patient in whom immediate resuscitation is required may be facilitated by a pre‐hospital anaesthesiologist. The purpose of our study was to investigate to what extent and why the pre‐hospital anaesthesiologist pronounced life extinct in situations where an emergency medical technician (EMT) would have been required to resuscitate.MethodsAll lifeless patients seen pre‐hospitally by the anaesthesiologist‐manned Mobile Emergency Care Unit in Odense, Denmark, from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively studied.ResultsOf 17 035 contacts, 1275 patients were lifeless without reliable signs of death. In 642 of these patients (3.8%) resuscitation was initiated (median age 68 years). The remaining 633 patients (3.7%) were declared dead at the scene without any resuscitation attempt (median age 77 years). These latter patients would have been attempted resuscitated, had the anaesthesiologist not been present. In 54.5% of cases where documentation was available in the patient records, reasons for not resuscitating these patients included time elapsed from incident to contact with physician, ‘overall assessment’, chronic disease, or do‐not‐resuscitate order.ConclusionIn one patient in 30, the MECU refrained from futile resuscitation in cases where legislation required an EMT to initiate resuscitation. This practice reduced unethical attempts of resuscitation, reduced unnecessary emergency ambulance transports, and reduced the work load of the hospital resuscitation teams for one unnecessary alarm every third day. Differentiating between lifeless patients and dead patients not exhibiting reliable signs of death, however, is a complex task which is only sparsely documented.
Funding Research in Emergency Department Shared Decision Making: A Summary of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Panel Discussion
Authors: Dodd Kenneth W. , Berman Amy , Brown Jeremy , Carr Brendan G. , Dunn Patrick , Escobedo Marcus , Gayer Christopher , Grieser Mira , Carpenter Christopher R. , Hess Erik P. , Grudzen Corita R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs part of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, “Shared Decision Making in the Emergency Department: Development of a Policy‐relevant Patient‐centered Research Agenda,” a panel of representatives from the Office of Emergency Care Research, the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute, the American Heart Association, the John A. Hartford Foundation, and the Emergency Care Coordination Center were assembled to discuss funding opportunities for future research in this field. This article summarizes their discussion of funding priorities and examples of successfully funded projects related to shared decision making in emergency medicine.
Translocation and hand‐rearing result in short‐tailed albatrosses returning to breed in the Ogasawara Islands 80 years after extirpation
Authors: Deguchi T. , Sato F. , Eda M. , Izumi H. , Suzuki H. , Suryan R. M. , Lance E. W. , Hasegawa H. , Ozaki K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRestoration or establishment of colonies using translocation and hand‐rearing can be an effective tool for conserving birds. However, well‐designed post‐release evaluation studies for long‐lived species are rarely implemented. We investigated the attendance and breeding attempts of hand‐reared short‐tailed albatross (STAL) Phoebastria albatrus chicks (n = 69) translocated to a historic breeding island in the Ogasawara Islands, 350 km from the source colony, for 8 consecutive years after the first translocation. Thirty‐nine percent of hand‐reared birds (n = 27) returned to the translocation site at least once per breeding season, of which 67% (n = 18) also visited the natal island. The number of hand‐reared birds returning each year was lower at the translocation site (mean: 0.3–2.3 birds per day) versus the natal island (0.4–3.5 birds per day). The first breeding attempt occurred 5 years after the first translocation. Three pairs (producing three chicks) recruited to the translocation site or neighboring islands and five pairs (producing nine chicks) recruited to the natal island by 8 years after the first translocation. Every hand‐reared bird that raised a chick paired with a naturally reared bird. At the translocation site and neighboring islands, two hand‐reared birds paired with a mate from the natal island and a breeding colony 1850 km away, respectively, while the parents of the third chick were unknown. Their breeding at the translocation region was observed among conspecific social attractants (decoys, audio playback; one pair) or congeners (two pairs). Our preliminary results suggest that even though more translocated and hand‐reared albatrosses visited and recruited to their natal island compared to the translocation site, the early re‐establishment of breeding by short‐tailed albatrosses in the Ogasawara Islands 80 years after extirpation would not have occurred without the initial translocation effort. Further study is needed, however, to fully understand formation of breeding colonies beyond conspecific attraction and philopatry.
The implications of biodiversity loss for the dynamics of wildlife in Australia
Authors: Ward‐Fear G. , Hayward M. W. , L'Hotellier F. , Herman K. , Kabat A. P. , Gibbons J. P. 
Published: November 2016

This article is corrected by:Errata: Erratum for ‘Could biodiversity loss have increased Australia's bushfire threat?’ and ‘The implications of biodiversity loss for the dynamics of wildlife in Australia’ | Volume 20, Issue 2, 213, Article first published online: 3 April 2017
Cue‐induced nicotine‐seeking behavior after withdrawal with or without extinction in rats
Authors: Markou Athina , Li Jie , Tse Kearny , Li Xia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExposure to smoking‐associated environmental cues during smoke cessation elicits self‐reported urge/craving to smoke, which precipitates relapse even after prolonged abstinence. Incubation of cue‐induced cigarettes craving during abstinence has been observed in human smokers recently. The present studies assessed cue‐induced nicotine‐seeking behavior under different withdrawal conditions in rats with a history of nicotine self‐administration. We found that non‐reinforced operant responding during cue‐induced nicotine seeking after different periods of withdrawal from nicotine exhibited an inverted U‐shaped curve, with higher levels of responding after 7–21 days of withdrawal than those after 1‐day withdrawal. Cue‐induced nicotine‐seeking responding is long lasting and persists even after 42 days of forced withdrawal in the home cages. Interestingly, repeated testing of cue‐induced nicotine seeking at different withdrawal time points (1, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days) in the same individual alleviated responding as compared with the between‐subjects assessment. Furthermore, extinction training during nicotine withdrawal significantly decreased cue‐induced reinstatement of nicotine‐seeking behavior. Together, profound time‐dependent incubation of cue‐induced craving in nicotine‐experienced rats were observed. In addition, repeated cue exposure or extinction training decreases cue‐induced craving. The demonstration of incubation of nicotine craving phenomenon in both rat and human studies provides support for the translational potential of therapeutic targets for relapse uncovered through mechanism studies in rats.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Trauma Versus Nontrauma Patients with Noninfectious Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Kim Hyoung Soo , Ha Sang Ook , Han Sang Jin , Kim Hyun‐Sook , Lee Sun Hee , Jung Ki‐Suck , Park Sunghoon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe utility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of noninfectious origin remains unclear. Data on patients with ARDS of noninfectious origin who underwent ECMO were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the pre‐ECMO characteristics and hospital outcomes of patients with traumatic and nontraumatic ARDS. In total, 23 patients (trauma, n = 9; nontrauma, n = 14) were included in the study. The mean patient age was 42 years, there were three females, and the mean pre‐ECMO Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (SAPS) II was 60.0 (49.0–71.0). The hemoglobin level was lower and the prothrombin time (PT) more prolonged, prior to initiation of ECMO, in traumatic compared with nontraumatic ARDS patients. During the first 48 h of ECMO support, the coagulation parameters did not differ between the two groups, but the platelet counts, PT, and activated partial thromboplastin time indicated that coagulopathy was developing in all patients. The hospital and 28‐day mortality rates were 21.7 and 13.0%, respectively, and serious neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category [CPC] of three points or more) developed in 26.1% of all patients; however, the extent of such outcomes did not differ between traumatic and nontraumatic ARDS patients. Upon multivariate analysis, the pre‐ECMO SAPS II tended to be associated with composite events (i.e., hospital death and/or a CPC of three points or more) (P = 0.051). Additionally, a history of hypertension and an elevated pre‐ECMO SAPS II were significant risk factors for serious neurological outcomes among hospital survivors (n = 18). In conclusion, ECMO support can be associated with favorable outcomes in patients with ARDS of noninfectious origin, irrespective of whether the ARDS is associated with trauma. The pre‐ECMO SAPS II and a history of hypertension may be independent risk factors for poor outcomes.