bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School and the value of knowledge: Transformations in Belarusian jokes about education
Authors: Fiadotava Anastasiya 
Published: July 2017

Over the past century Belarus has experienced a dramatic increase in educational level. Obtaining secondary education is now considered normal, getting a university degree is prestigious. However, such an attitude is relatively new to Belarusian society. Joke texts that date back to the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century indicate that formal education was widely considered useless, as it did not equip children with skills they needed in real life. Formal education was often contrasted with learning necessary skills at home, invariably in favour of the latter. In the Soviet era, formal education was made compulsory and suddenly became an integral part of people’s lives, but it still lacked a link with children’s future careers. Parents could not always appreciate the benefits of education, but had to send their children to school anyway. The clash between the “old” attitude and the “new” reality produced jokes. Jokes that have emerged in the post-Soviet era reflect the omnipresence of education in contemporary Belarusian society. Some school jokes point to a greater understanding of the value of knowledge in modern children―yet it is often not the formal knowledge they are expected to get in school. Overall, school in jokes has become a setting where issues prominent in society at large come to the fore, even if this goes against the will of the educators.
GAS6‐expressing and self‐sustaining cancer cells in 3D spheroids activate the PDK‐RSK‐mTOR pathway for survival and drug resistance
Authors: Baumann Christine , Ullrich Axel , Torka Robert 
Published: July 2017

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for aggressive tumor subtypes, as AXL signaling is upregulated in many cancers resistant to first‐line treatments. Furthermore, the AXL ligand growth arrest‐specific gene 6 (GAS6) has recently been linked to cancer drug resistance. Here, we established that challenging conditions, such as serum deprivation, divide AXL‐overexpressing tumor cell lines into non‐self‐sustaining and self‐sustaining subtypes in 3D spheroid culture. Self‐sustaining cells are characterized by excessive GAS6 secretion and TAM‐PDK‐RSK‐mTOR pathway activation. In 3D spheroid culture, the activation of the TAM‐PDK‐RSK‐mTOR pathway proves crucial following treatment with AXL/MET inhibitor BMS777607, when the self‐sustaining tumor cells react with TAM‐RSK hyperactivation and enhanced SRC‐AKT‐mTOR signaling. Thus, bidirectional activated mTOR leads to enhanced proliferation and counteracts the drug effect. mTOR activation is accompanied by an enhanced AXL expression and hyperphosphorylation following 24 h of treatment with BMS777607. Therefore, we elucidate a double role of AXL that can be assigned to RSK‐mTOR as well as SRC‐AKT‐mTOR pathway activation, specifically through AXL Y779 phosphorylation. This phosphosite fuels the resistance mechanism in 3D spheroids, alongside further SRC‐dependent EGFR Y1173 and/or MET Y1349 phosphorylation which is defined by the cell‐specific addiction. In conclusion, self‐sustenance in cancer cells is based on a signaling synergy, individually balanced between GAS6 TAM‐dependent PDK‐RSK‐mTOR survival pathway and the AXLY779/EGFR/MET‐driven SRC‐mTOR pathway.
Stimulation of adrenergic activity by desipramine enhances hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization along with G‐CSF in multiple myeloma: A pilot study
Authors: Shastri Aditi , Budhathoki Anjali , Barta Stefan K. , Kornblum Noah , Derman Olga , Battini Ramakrishna , Raghupathy Radha , Verma Amit K. , Frenette Paul S. , Braunschweig Ira , Janakiram Murali 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell (HSC) release is positively regulated by the sympathetic nervous system through the β3 adrenergic receptor. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the combination of desipramine and G‐CSF resulted in improved HSC mobilization. Here, we present the results of an open‐label single‐arm pilot study in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) to assess the safety and efficacy of desipramine combined with G‐SCF to induce HSC mobilization. The primary endpoint was safety of the combination including engraftment kinetics. The secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients who collected ≥5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Outcomes were compared with historical matched controls during the same time period with multiple myeloma mobilized with G‐CSF. All study patients received desipramine 100 mg daily for 7 days, starting 4 days prior to G‐CSF administration (D‐3) and continued taking it along with G‐CSF for a total of 7 days. Six of ten patients enrolled completed the protocol with minimal side effects. All of them achieved the target collection of 5 × 106 CD34 cells/kg in a median of 1.5 apheresis session with two patients needing additional plerixafor (16%), while 11 out of 13 patients (85%) achieved the target of 5 × 106 CD34 cells/kg in the historical control group in a median of 2 apheresis procedures and seven patients needed plerixafor (54%). The combination of desipramine and G‐CSF is safe and signals improved mobilization over G‐CSF alone, providing a possible alternative means of mobilization that needs further investigation.
Isolation, Detection, and Antigen‐Based Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Size‐Dictated Immunocapture Chip
Authors: Ahmed Metages Gashaw , Abate Mahlet Fasil , Song Yanling , Zhu Zhi , Yan Feng , Xu Yao , Wang Xiaomin , Li Qingbiao , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEven though the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been demonstrated, their clinical utility and widespread adoption have been limited. Herein, we describe a new device, size‐dictated immunocapture chip (SDI‐Chip), for efficient, sensitive, and spatially resolved capture and detection of CTCs. SDI‐Chip enables selective, frequent, and extended interaction of CTCs with hydrodynamically optimized immunocoated micropillar surfaces. CTCs with different antigen expression levels can be efficiently captured and spatially resolved around the micropillars. Capture efficiency greater than 92 % with a purity of 82 % was achieved with blood samples. CTCs were detected in non‐metastasis colorectal (CRC) patients, while none was detected from healthy volunteers. We believe that SDI‐Chip will facilitate the transition of tumor diagnosis from anatomical pathology to molecular pathology in localized CRC patients.
Eisen‐katalysierte intramolekulare Aminierung von C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen in Alkylarylaziden
Authors: Alt Isabel T. , Guttroff Claudia , Plietker Bernd 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDer nucleophile Fe‐Komplex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe]) katalysiert die direkte intramolekulare Aminierung nicht‐aktivierter C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen durch Aktivierung von Arylaziden. Substituierte Indolin‐ und Tetrahydrochinolinderivate sind so gut zugänglich.
Chiral Side Groups Trigger Second Harmonic Generation Activity in 3D Octupolar Bipyrimidine‐Based Organic Liquid Crystals
Authors: van Cleuvenbergen Stijn , Kędziora Przemysław , Fillaut Jean‐Luc , Verbiest Thierry , Clays Koen , Akdas‐Kilig Huriye , Camerel Franck 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe design of efficient noncentrosymmetric materials remains the ultimate goal in the field of organic second‐order nonlinear optics. Unlike inorganic crystals currently used in second‐order nonlinear optical applications, organic materials are an attractive alternative owing to their fast electro‐optical response and processability, but their alignment into noncentrosymmetric film remains challenging. Here, symmetry breaking by judicious functionalization of 3D organic octupoles allows the emergence of multifunctional liquid crystalline chromophores which can easily be processed into large, flexible, thin, and self‐oriented films with second harmonic generation responses competitive to the prototypical inorganic KH2PO4 crystals. The liquid‐crystalline nature of these chiral organic films also permits the modulation of the nonlinear optical properties owing to the sensitivity of the supramolecular organization to temperature, leading to the development of tunable macroscopic materials.
3D bioprinting and the current applications in tissue engineering
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Fei , Gao Guifang , Yonezawa Tomo , Cui Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBioprinting as an enabling technology for tissue engineering possesses the promises to fabricate highly mimicked tissue or organs with digital control. As one of the biofabrication approaches, bioprinting has the advantages of high throughput and precise control of both scaffold and cells. Therefore, this technology is not only ideal for translational medicine but also for basic research applications. Bioprinting has already been widely applied to construct functional tissues such as vasculature, muscle, cartilage, and bone. In this review, the authors introduce the most popular techniques currently applied in bioprinting, as well as the various bioprinting processes. In addition, the composition of bioink including scaffolds and cells are described. Furthermore, the most current applications in organ and tissue bioprinting are introduced. The authors also discuss the challenges we are currently facing and the great potential of bioprinting. This technology has the capacity not only in complex tissue structure fabrication based on the converted medical images, but also as an efficient tool for drug discovery and preclinical testing. One of the most promising future advances of bioprinting is to develop a standard medical device with the capacity of treating patients directly on the repairing site, which requires the development of automation and robotic technology, as well as our further understanding of biomaterials and stem cell biology to integrate various printing mechanisms for multi‐phasic tissue engineering.
Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Perfluorinated Superacid Polymers: A Family of Bifunctional Catalysts for the Selective, One‐Pot Conversion of Vegetable Substrates in Water
Authors: Moreno‐Marrodan Carmen , Liguori Francesca , Barbaro Pierluigi , Caporali Stefano , Merlo Luca , Oldani Claudio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe describe the rational design of a new versatile family of bifunctional catalytic materials based on the combination of supported metal nanoparticles (Pd, Rh, Ru) and the superacid, perfluorinated Aquivion® PFSA polymer. The heterogeneous catalysts were tested in the multi‐step valorisation of representative plant derivatives to high‐added‐value chemicals. Particularly, the conversion of (+)‐citronellal to (‐)‐menthol and levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone was achieved in one pot and in one stage in the water phase and shows full selectivity at a high conversion level under mild reaction conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the catalyst micro‐structure.
A Highly Fluorinated Chiral Aldehyde for Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition in a Biphasic System
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Xuedan , Pu Lin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐based aldehyde containing four perfluoroalkyl groups has been designed and synthesized. It shows enantioselective fluorescence enhancement at 420 nm when treated with the enantiomers of trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane in an organic/fluorous biphasic system. The enantiomeric excess of the diamine in methanol can be linearly correlated with the emission intensity of of the aldehyde in perfluorohexane (FC‐72). This is the first example to determine the enantiomeric composition of a chiral molecule by using a fluorescent sensor in a fluorous/organic biphasic system. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Immunization with a Synthetic Human MUC1 Glycopeptide Vaccine against Tumor‐Associated MUC1 Breaks Tolerance in Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Stergiou Natascha , Glaffig Markus , Jonuleit Helmut , Schmitt Edgar , Kunz Horst 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBreaking tolerance is crucial for effective tumor immunotherapy. We showed that vaccines containing tumor‐associated human MUC1 glycopeptides induce strong humoral antitumor responses in mice. The question remained whether such vaccines work in humans, in systems where huMUC1 is a self‐antigen. To clarify the question, mice transgenic in expressing huMUC1, mimicking the self‐tolerant environment, and wild‐type mice were vaccinated with a synthetic vaccine. This vaccine comprised STn and Tn antigens bound to a MUC1 tandem repeat peptide coupled to tetanus toxoid. The vaccine induced strong immune responses in wild‐type and huMUC1‐transgenic mice without auto‐aggressive side effects. All antisera exhibited almost equivalent binding to human breast tumor cells. Similar increases of activated B‐, CD4+ T‐, and dendritic cells was found in the lymph nodes. The results demonstrate that tumor‐associated huMUC1 glycopeptides coupled to tetanus toxoid are promising antitumor vaccines.
Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction between Horse Heart Myoglobin and Zirconium(IV)‐Substituted Polyoxometalates as Artificial Proteases
Authors: Ly Hong Giang T. , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA recent study [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 7391–7394] has shown that horse heart myoglobin (HHM) is selectively hydrolyzed by a range of zirconium(IV)‐substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) under mild conditions. In this study, the molecular interactions between the Zr‐POM catalysts and HHM are investigated by using a range of complementary techniques, including circular dichroism (CD), UV/Vis spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, and 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. A tryptophan fluorescence quenching study reveals that, among all examined Zr‐POMs, the most reactive POM, 2:2 ZrIV‐Keggin, exhibits the strongest interaction with HHM. 31P NMR spectroscopy studies show that this POM dissociates in solution, resulting in the formation of a monomeric 1:1 ZrIV‐Keggin structure, which is likely to be a catalytically active species. In the presence of ZrIV‐POMs, HHM does not undergo complete denaturation, as evidenced by CD, UV/Vis, tryptophan fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. CD spectroscopy shows a gradual decrease in the α‐helical content of HHM upon addition of ZrIV‐POMs. The largest effect is observed in the presence of a large ZrIV‐Wells–Dawson structure, whereas small ZrIV‐Lindqvist POM has the least influence on the decrease in the α‐helical content of HHM. In all cases, the Soret band at λ=409 nm is maintained in the presence of all examined Zr‐POMs, which indicates that no conformational changes in the protein occur near the heme group.
Understanding the demographic drivers of realized population growth rates
Authors: Koons David N. , Arnold Todd W. , Schaub Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIdentifying the demographic parameters (e.g., reproduction, survival, dispersal) that most influence population dynamics can increase conservation effectiveness and enhance ecological understanding. Life table response experiments (LTRE) aim to decompose the effects of change in parameters on past demographic outcomes (e.g., population growth rates). But the vast majority ofLTREs and other retrospective population analyses have focused on decomposing asymptotic population growth rates, which do not account for the dynamic interplay between population structure and vital rates that shape realized population growth ratesin time‐varying environments. We provide an empirical means to overcome these shortcomings by merging recently developed “transient life‐table response experiments” with integrated population models (IPMs).IPMs allow for the estimation of latent population structure and other demographic parameters that are required for transientLTREanalysis, and Bayesian versions additionally allow for complete error propagation from the estimation of demographic parameters to derivations of realized population growth rates and perturbation analyses of growth rates. By integrating available monitoring data for Lesser Scaup over 60 yr, and conducting transientLTREs onIPMestimates, we found that the contribution of juvenile female survival to long‐term variation in realized population growth rates was 1.6 and 3.7 times larger than that of adult female survival and fecundity, respectively. But a persistent long‐term decline in fecundity explained 92% of the decline in abundance between 1983 and 2006. In contrast, an improvement in adult female survival drove the modest recovery in Lesser Scaup abundance since 2006, indicating that the most important demographic drivers of Lesser Scaup population dynamics are temporally dynamic. In addition to resolving uncertainty about Lesser Scaup population dynamics, the merger ofIPMs with transientLTREs will strengthen our understanding of demography for many species as we aim to conserve biodiversity during an era of non‐stationary global change.
Impact of disease on the survival of three commercially fished species
Authors: Hoenig John M. , Groner Maya L. , Smith Matthew W. , Vogelbein Wolfgang K. , Taylor David M. , Landers Donald F. , Swenarton John T. , Gauthier David T. , Sadler Philip , Matsche Mark A. , Haines Ashley N. , Small Hamish J. , Pradel Roger , Choquet Rémi , Shields Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent increases in emergent infectious diseases have raised concerns about the sustainability of some marine species. The complexity and expense of studying diseases in marine systems often dictate that conservation and management decisions are made without quantitative data on population‐level impacts of disease. Mark–recapture is a powerful, underutilized, tool for calculating impacts of disease on population size and structure, even in the absence of etiological information. We applied logistic regression models to mark–recapture data to obtain estimates of disease‐associated mortality rates in three commercially important marine species: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in Newfoundland, Canada, that experience sporadic epizootics of bitter crab disease; striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA, that experience chronic dermal and visceral mycobacteriosis; and American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the Southern New England stock, that experience chronic epizootic shell disease. All three diseases decreased survival of diseased hosts. Survival of diseased adult male crabs was 1% (0.003–0.022, 95% CI) that of uninfected crabs indicating nearly complete mortality of infected crabs in this life stage. Survival of moderately and severely diseased striped bass (which comprised 15% and 11% of the population, respectively) was 84% (70–100%, 95% CI), and 54% (42–68%, 95% CI) that of healthy striped bass. The disease‐adjusted yearly natural mortality rate for striped bass was 0.29, nearly double the previously accepted value, which did not include disease. Survival of moderately and severely diseased lobsters was 30% (15–60%, 95% CI) that of healthy lobsters and survival of mildly diseased lobsters was 45% (27–75%, 95% CI) that of healthy lobsters. High disease mortality in ovigerous females may explain the poor recruitment and rapid declines observed in this population. Stock assessments should account for disease‐related mortality when resource management options are evaluated.
The Role of Finance Ministries in Environmental Policy Making: The case of European Union Emissions Trading System reform in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Skovgaard Jakob 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnvironmental policy‐making increasingly involves ministries beyond environment ministries. In particular, finance ministries are important, since they control the public budget and address environmental issues from a perspective different from environmental actors. The role of finance ministries is especially salient in the European Union's (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS), which has been subject to interventions to keep up the falling emission allowance price. The price of ETS allowances has dropped to a tenth of the expected price. The drop led to proposals for intervening in the ETS, including postponing the auctioning of emission allowances and structural reform. While the Netherlands and Denmark supported such intervention, Germany blocked an EU decision on the subject for months. To investigate whether the role of finance ministries explains the differences in government positions, this article analyses these three Member States. The analysis shows that finance ministries were involved in the policy processes and reluctantly supported intervening in the ETS. This position was due more to the desire to have a functioning ETS with minimal state intervention than to the fiscal impact of such intervention, as this impact was clouded in uncertainty. However, the finance ministries were not decisive in determining government positions, which were instead determined by the political orientation of the government (in Germany and the Netherlands) and by previous commitments to ambitious EU emission reduction targets (in Denmark). The analysis underlines the importance of studying the role of finance ministries and their different objectives (fiscal, macroeconomic) in environmental policy‐making. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Geomorphic response to gravel augmentation and high‐flow dam release in the Trinity River, California
Authors: Gaeuman David , Stewart Robert , Schmandt Brandon , Pryor Cort 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe geomorphic effect of introducing a gravel augmentation totaling 520 m3 into a gravel‐bed stream during a dam‐controlled flood in May of 2015 was monitored with bedload transport measurements, an array of seismometers, and repeated topographic surveys. Half of the augmented gravel was injected into the flow with front‐end loaders on the rising limb of the flood and the other half was injected on the first day of the peak. Virtually all of the gravel transported past the injection point was deposited within about 7 to 10 channel widths of the injection point. Most of the injected gravel deposited along the left bank of the river whereas the right half of the channel bed was dominated by scour. The downstream third of the depositional area consisted of a small dune field that developed prior to the second gravel injection and subsequently migrated about one channel width downstream. A second depositional front was observed upstream from the gravel injection point, where a delta‐like wedge of bed material developed in the first hours of the flow release and changed little over the remainder of the release. These two depositional areas represent small‐scale bed‐material storage reservoirs with the potential to accumulate and periodically release packets of bed material. Interactions with such storage reservoirs are hypothesized to cause large bed‐material pulses to disperse by fragmenting into multiple smaller pulses. As a refinement to the conceptual model that views sediment pulse evolution in terms of dispersion and translation, the concept of pulse fragmentation has practical implications for gravel management. It implies that gravel augmentations can produce morphologic changes at locations that are separated from the augmentation point by arbitrarily long reaches, and it highlights the dependence of pulse propagation rates on the nature and distribution of the bed‐material storage reservoirs in the channel system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.