bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Results of NRG-RTOG1106/ECOG-ACRIN 6697: A Randomized Phase II Trial of Individualized Adaptive (chemo)Radiotherapy Using Midtreatment
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Stage III Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kong Feng-Ming (Spring) , Hu Chen , Pryma Daniel A. , Duan Fenghai , Matuszak Martha , Xiao Ying , Ten Haken Randall , Siegel Marilyn J. , Hanna Lucy , Curran Walter J. , Dunphy Mark , Gelblum Daphna , Piert Morand , Jolly Shruti , Robinson Clifford G. , Quon Andrew , Loo Billy W. , Srinivas Shyam , Videtic Gregory M. , Faria Sergio L. , Ferguson Catherine , Dunlap Neal E. , Kundapur Vijayananda , Paulus Rebecca , Siegel Barry A. , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Machtay Mitchell 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

NRG-RTOG0617 demonstrated a detrimental effect of uniform high-dose radiation in stage III non–small cell lung cancer. NRG-RTOG1106/ECOG-ACRIN6697 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT01507428
), a randomized phase II trial, studied whether midtreatment
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) can guide individualized/adaptive dose-intensified radiotherapy (RT) to improve and predict outcomes in patients with this disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients fit for concurrent chemoradiation were randomly assigned (1:2) to standard (60 Gy/30 fractions) or FDG-PET–guided adaptive treatment, stratified by substage, primary tumor size, and histology. All patients had midtreatment FDG-PET/CT; adaptive arm patients had an individualized, intensified boost RT dose to residual metabolically active areas. The primary therapeutic end point was 2-year centrally reviewed freedom from local-regional progression (FFLP), defined as no progression in or near the planning target volume and/or regional nodes. FFLP was analyzed on a modified intent-to-treat population at a one-sided
Z
-test significance level of 0.15. The primary imaging end point was centrally reviewed change in SUV
peak
from baseline to midtreatment; its association with FFLP was assessed using the two-sided Wald test on the basis of Cox regression.

RESULTS

Of 138 patients enrolled, 127 were eligible. Adaptive-arm patients received a mean 71 Gy in 30 fractions, with mean lung dose 17.9 Gy. There was no significant difference in centrally reviewed 2-year FFLP (59.5% and 54.6% in standard and adaptive arms;
P
= .66). There were no significant differences in protocol-specified grade 3 toxicities, survival, or progression-free survival (
P
> .4). Median SUV
peak
and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in the adaptive arm decreased 49% and 54%, from pre-RT to mid-RT PET. However, ΔSUV
peak
and ΔMTV were not associated with FFLP (hazard ratios, 0.997;
P
= .395 and .461).

CONCLUSION
Midtreatment PET-adapted RT dose escalation as given in this study was safe and feasible but did not improve efficacy outcomes.
The Aggrieved Personality of Rights
Authors: Hyde Carrie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The refugee is typically understood as a uniquely modern figure, but US refugee debates and legislation are as old as the country. This essay considers how eighteenth-century debates about refugees can defamiliarize and enrich narratives about the US rights tradition that Hannah Arendt and others have developed based on post–World War accounts of refugees. Drawing on the first US refugee act in 1798, the essay moves beyond the iconic universalisms of natural rights and the abstract model of citizenship associated with it by identifying a grievance-based tradition of settler rights characterized by individualized narratives of patriotic service and political injury. The first section of the essay distinguishes the contemporary, post–World War association of “refugee” with statelessness from an earlier, protection-based understanding of the term that is rooted in its etymological connection with the safety of refuge. The second section uses Thomas Paine’s self-characterizations as a “refugee” to reframe his better-known contributions to rights philosophy. The third section concludes by reading the twenty-seven grievances in the Declaration of Independence as the most canonical example of what the essay calls the “aggrieved personality of rights”: the personal allegiances, circumstances, and injuries that inspire individuals to seek redress in the language of rights.
Assessment of Outcomes by Intention-to-Treat Comparison for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Derived Cohort Study
Authors: Larsson Patrik , Swartling Oskar , Cheraghi Diana , Khawaja Ajnon , Soreide Kjetil , Sparrelid Ernesto , Ghorbani Poya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The overall treatment response among patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is poorly understood as most studies report solely on resected patients. We aimed to investigate the outcomes in patients with LAPC as an intention-to-treat-analysis from the time of diagnosis from a complete source population.

Patients and Methods
An observational cohort study in a population-defined region within a universal healthcare system. All consecutive patients discussed at multi-disciplinary tumour board (MDT), aged ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with LAPC were included. Exposure was set as recommended treatment by MDT (i.e. upfront surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, palliative treatment or best supportive care). Outcome measures were overall survival analysed by Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and multivariable analyses using logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and Cox proportional hazard analysis for hazard ratios (HR).

Results
In total, 8803 MDT events (6055 unique patients) with pancreatic disease were held during the study period. Some 1436 (24%) had pancreatic cancer, of which 162 (11%) had LAPC and 134 met the population-defined criteria. In overall survival analyses, the patients who were recommended neoadjuvant therapy (± surgery) demonstrated no significant difference to palliative chemotherapy (median 11.0 months vs. 11.8 months; p = 0.226). In multivariable analysis, adjusted OR for overall survival comparing the treatment groups was 0.27 (95% CI 0.02–3.29, p = 0.306) and Cox proportional HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.58–1.59, p = 0.865).

Conclusions
In patients with LAPC, survival was not statistically different between those recommended for attempt at neoadjuvant (± surgery) compared with those recommended palliative chemotherapy. The findings suggest that conversion/downstaging chemotherapy is successful in only a select few.
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Exercise in Hypobaric versus Normobaric Hypoxia: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Study
Authors: VINETTI GIOVANNI , TURNER RACHEL , TABONI ANNA , RAUCH SIMON , SERAGLIO PAOLO MARIO ENRICO , NETZER NIKOLAUS , STRAPAZZON GIACOMO , GATTERER HANNES 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
There is controversy whether there are meaningful physiological differences between hypobaric (HH) and normobaric hypoxia (NH). This study aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory responses to acute HH and NH under strictly controlled conditions. We hypothesized no differences at rest and during submaximal exercise, whereas during maximal exercise, a higher maximal ventilation (V̇Emax), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) in HH than in NH.

Methods
In a randomized, single-blind, crossover design, eight young healthy subjects (three females) were studied in an environmental chamber in which either the barometric pressure (HH) or the inspired oxygen fraction (NH) was reduced to the equivalent of ~4000 m altitude. Measurements were taken at rest, and during submaximal (moderate and high intensity) and maximal cycling exercise.

Results
All resting parameters were similar between HH and NH, except for a lower root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences in HH (P < 0.05). SpO2 was 2% higher in HH at all exercise intensities (P < 0.05). During submaximal exercise, minute ventilation was similar between HH and NH. However, HH yielded a 7% lower tidal volume during moderate-intensity exercise (P < 0.05) and a lower respiratory exchange ratio during high-intensity exercise (P < 0.01). V̇Emax and V̇O2max were 11% and 6% higher in HH, respectively (P < 0.01 for both). SpO2 at maximal exercise was positively correlated with V̇Emax, V̇Emax/V̇O2max, and V̇O2max.

Conclusions
The higher V̇O2max found in HH than in NH can be attributed to the higher V̇Emax counteracting desaturation at maximal exercise. Conversely, submaximal SpO2 improved in HH through mechanisms other than increased ventilation. These findings are likely due to respiratory muscle unloading in HH, which operated through different mechanisms depending on exercise intensity.
A Peaceman-Rachford Splitting Method for the Protein Side-Chain Positioning Problem
Authors: Burkowski Forbes , Im Haesol , Wolkowicz Henry 
Published: October 2024

This paper considers the NP-hard protein side-chain positioning (SCP) problem, an important final task of protein structure prediction. We formulate the SCP as an integer quadratic program and derive its doubly nonnegative (DNN) (convex) relaxation. Strict feasibility fails for this DNN relaxation. We apply facial reduction to regularize the problem. This gives rise to a natural splitting of the variables. We then use a variation of the Peaceman-Rachford splitting method to solve the DNN relaxation. The resulting relaxation and rounding procedures provide strong approximate solutions. Empirical evidence shows that almost all our instances of this NP-hard SCP problem, taken from the Protein Data Bank, are solved to provable optimality. Our large problems correspond to solving a DNN relaxation with 2,883,601 binary variables to provable optimality. History: Accepted by Paul Brooks, Area Editor for Applications in Biology, Medicine, & Healthcare. Funding: This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants 50503-10827 and RGPIN-2016-04660]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0094 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0094 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Where Did the Demand Go? Teaching Demand Censoring with the Newsvendor Challenge
Authors: Gijsbrechts Joren , Van Staden Heletjé Emily 
Published: October 2024

The newsvendor model is widely used to teach decision making under uncertainty. Traditionally, analytical methods have been taught to determine the optimal order quantity that balances missed profit from ordering too few units against the cost of excess inventory from ordering too many. In practical settings, however, organizations must estimate these costs using censored data as only sales are observable in the data, not the true demand. Neglecting demand censoring can, therefore, lead to underestimating lost sales. These concepts can be difficult to grasp in a classroom setting. Hence, we developed a fun classroom challenge to simulate the newsvendor problem with data and demand censoring. In the challenge, students are provided with hypothetical, long-term sales data and are tasked with determining the optimal number of units to order per period. The challenge extends the traditional newsvendor model by including censored data such that traditional approaches result in suboptimal decisions. The challenge also emphasizes the importance between time spent on predictions (forecasting demand) and prescriptions (order decisions). The challenge can be adapted to diverse student cohorts, and experience reveals productive class discussions as students compete to determine the best order policies. Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Narratives and Valuations
Authors: Morag Dor , Loewenstein George 
Published: October 2024

Although the significance of narrative thinking has been increasingly recognized by social scientists, very little empirical research has documented its consequences for economically significant outcomes. The current paper addresses this gap in one important domain: valuations. In three experiments, participants were given the opportunity to sell an item they owned (mug in Study 1, hat in Studies 2 and 3) using an incentive-compatible procedure (multiple price list). Prior to making selling decisions, participants were randomly assigned to either a narrative treatment, in which they were asked to tell the story of their item, or a list treatment, in which they were asked to list the characteristics of their item. The narrative treatment led to significantly higher selling prices and increased rates of participants refusing all offered prices. We further explore potential mechanisms, and the impact of different types of narratives, by analyzing self-reported classifications of, and employing natural language processing techniques on, participants’ narratives. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Funding for the studies came from Loewenstein’s personal research fund provided by Carnegie Mellon University. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01076 .
Recent Full-Scale Mechanical and Creep Testing of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs): A Summary
Authors: Khademibami Laya , Shmulsky Rubin , Senalik Christopher Adam , Seale Roy Daniel , Ross Robert J. , Mohammadabadi Mostafa , Williamson Thomas , Fatemi Seyed Abolghasem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The effects of foam core density, foam discontinuity in the shear zone, and flexural properties based on the effect of duration of load testing on structural insulated panels (SIPs) were investigated. These characteristics were individually evaluated for two SIP depths: 6.5 inches and 12.25 inches. For each of the two depths, SIP specimens were assigned to short-duration 1/3-point bending tests and the other matched SIP specimens were subjected to a 90-day creep test, followed by short-duration 1/3-point bending tests. Half of the specimens contained a foam density of 1.0 lb/ft3 and the other half with 1.2 lb/ft3. Likewise, half of the panels contained an expanded polystyrene (EPS) discontinuity in the bending test shear zone, whereas the other half did not have such joints or discontinuities. The findings showed that SIPs with no EPS discontinuity were approximately twice as strong as those with EPS discontinuity. Regardless of depth classes, the SIP specimens with foam density of 1.2 lb/ft3 had a higher Pmax and lower Δymax. Additionally, there was no significant difference for Pmax and Δymax before and after creep testing within the 12.25-inch depth class or for Pmax for the 6.5-inch-deep specimens, but Δymax increased by approximately 7 percent after the creep test in the 6.5-inch-deep specimens. Results indicated that specimens with no foam discontinuity in shear critical areas had more strength in comparison with the specimens with a foam discontinuity and higher density foam cores were stronger for the specific flexural strength test conditions regardless of depth classes.
Pain after laparoscopic endometriosis-specific vs. hysterectomy surgeries: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Yagur Yael , Engel Offra , Burstein Rachel , Bsharat Justin , Weitzner Omer , Daykan Yair , Klein Zvi , Schonman Ron 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
To evaluate pain perception and analgesic use between patients who underwent endometriosis-specific laparoscopic surgery compared to laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Material and methods
This retrospective cohort study included women diagnosed with endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery from 1/2019 to 11/2022. The control group consisted of premenopausal women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy, which was considered a similarly extensive surgery. Demographics, preoperative and post-operative data were compared between groups. Post-operative pain scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS) between 0 (no pain) and 10 (worst pain) were compared between groups for each post-operative day (POD). Standard pain relief analgesia on POD 0–1 included fixed intravenous treatment with paracetamol and intramuscular diclofenac. The need for additional analgesics (morphine or dipyrone) beyond the standard pain relief protocol was compared between groups.

Results
Among 200 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery, 100 (50%) were in the endometriosis group and 100 (50%) in the hysterectomy group. The endometriosis group was characterized by younger age and lower parity (both, p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in mean VAS scores for each post-operative day. However, among patients who needed additional analgesics beyond the standard protocol on POD 1, a higher percentage of women in the endometriosis group used opioids rather than milder analgesics, as compared to controls (1% vs. 0.2%, respectively, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Increased post-operative morphine use was observed in patients with endometriosis following laparoscopic surgery, despite no significant difference in mean VAS scores during the post-operative days. These findings suggest that personalized pain relief protocols should be adjusted for women with endometriosis.
Exploring unsupervised feature extraction of IMU-based gait data in stroke rehabilitation using a variational autoencoder
Authors: Felius Richard , Punt Michiel , Geerars Marieke , Wouda Natasja , Rutgers Rins , Bruijn Sjoerd , David Sina , van Dieën Jaap 
Published: October 2024

Background
Variational AutoEncoders (VAE) might be utilized to extract relevant information from an IMU-based gait measurement by reducing the sensor data to a low-dimensional representation. The present study explored whether VAEs can reduce IMU-based gait data of people after stroke into a few latent features with minimal reconstruction error. Additionally, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the latent features in comparison to gait speed, by assessing 1) their reliability; 2) the difference in scores between people after stroke and healthy controls; and 3) their responsiveness during rehabilitation.

Methods
We collected test-retest and longitudinal two-minute walk-test data using an IMU from people after stroke in clinical rehabilitation, as well as from a healthy control group. IMU data were segmented into 5-second epochs, which were reduced to 12 latent-feature scores using a VAE. The between-day test-retest reliability of the latent features was assessed using ICC-scores. The differences between the healthy and the stroke group were examined using an independent t-test. Lastly, the responsiveness was determined as the number of individuals who significantly changed during rehabilitation.

Results
In total, 15,381 epochs from 107 people after stroke and 37 healthy controls were collected. The VAE achieved data reconstruction with minimal errors. Five latent features demonstrated good-to-excellent test-retest reliability. Seven latent features were significantly different between groups. We observed changes during rehabilitation for 21 and 20 individuals in latent-feature scores and gait speed, respectively. However, the direction of the change scores of the latent features was ambiguous. Only eleven individuals exhibited changes in both latent-feature scores and gait speed.

Conclusion
VAEs can be used to effectively reduce IMU-based gait assessment to a concise set of latent features. Some latent features had a high test-retest reliability and differed significantly between healthy controls and people after stroke. Further research is needed to determine their clinical applicability.
Farmazia Komunitarioaren eta Lehen Mailako Arretaren Integrazioa Euskal Herrian: Aliantza Estrategiko bat
Authors: Urionagüena Amaia , Gastelurrutia Miguel Ángel , Solinís Aspiazu María Ángeles , Isla Ruiz Arantxazu , Del Pozo Rodríguez Ana , Calvo Begoña 
Published: October 2024

LABURPENA: Gaur egun, osasun sistemek erronka konplexuei egin behar diete aurre, hala nola krisi sanitario globalei, presio ekonomiko eta sozialei, edo arreta sanitarioaren eskaeraren etengabeko handipenari. Lehen mailako osasun arreta funtsezkoa da erronka horiei aurre egiteko, baina osasun arretaren zenbait zerbitzutan dagoen fragmentazioak zaildu egiten du koordinazio asistentziala. Osasun arretaren integrazioa erronka hauei aurre egiteko estrategia gisa aurkezten da, osasun sistemaren kalitatea eta eraginkortasuna hobetuko lituzkeena. Testuinguru honetan, farmazia komunitarioa lehen mailako arreta indartzeko eta pazientearen koordinazio asistentziala hobetzeko gai den baliabide baliotsua izan daiteke. Herritarrengandik hurbil eta eskuragarri kokatuta dagoenez, farmaziak funtsezko zeregina izan dezake osasunaren sustapenean, gaixotasunaren prebentzioan, osasun arazoen detekzioan, gaixotasun kronikoen kudeaketan eta osasun sistemetan erabilgarri dauden baliabideen optimizazioan. Farmaziak ikuspegi asistentzialago baterantz izan duen bilakaerak, lehen mailako arretan ekarpen nabarmena egiteko duen ahalmena azpimarratzen du, sendagaiak emateaz haraindiko zerbitzu sorta zabala eskainiz. Gainera, farmazialariek sendagaien inguruko prestakuntza zabala dute, beraz, lehen mailako arretarekin modu eraginkorrean integratuz, farmazia komunitarioek pazientearen osasun arreta hobea eskaintzen lagundu dezakete, eta horrek tratamendu erregimenak optimizatzeko, tratamendu farmakologikoekiko atxikipena hobetzeko, alferrikako bisita medikoekin lotutako kostuak murrizteko eta osasun emaitza hobeak lortzeko aukera ematen du. Hala ere, farmazia komunitarioa eta lehen mailako osasun arreta integratzeko, beharrezkoa izango da jarduera protokolo bateratuak ezartzea, rol argiak definitzea eta inplikatutako eragile guztien parte hartze aktiboa bermatzea. Beraz, ezinbestekoa da egun dauden oztopo kulturalak gainditzea, farmazia komunitarioak pazienteari zuzendutako osasun arreta integrala hobetzen lagun dezan bere asistentzia gaitasuna aprobetxatuz.