bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quasi-Linear Model Of Design Cognition
Authors: Phuthi Nduduzo , Kumar Krishan Lall , Molwane Olefile Bethuel 
Published: March 2016

The continuum of human learning has been the subject of research by behaviourists, cognitivists, constructivists and lately by neural scientists among others. The style and order of learning have also been identified, notably by Benjamin Bloom et al (1956) and Gagne and Briggs (1992). Skills-learning has been the subject of attention in competency-based learning strategies. Yet another milestone in the continuum of learning is to be innovative and creative, which enables a learner to conceive and design new objects and concepts. Design cognition is an under-explored faculty of humankind. Human capability to design appears to be a complex phenomenon influenced by several factors, implicitly or explicitly, such as socio-educational background, learning to think innovatively, interaction with innovators and creators, exercising initiative, experimenting with new ideas, creating designs with confidence and finally moving into seeking design patents and making commercial use of design. In this paper the authors develop first a linear model of acquiring design capability and then modify it to a quasi linear model after validation by interaction with a sample of design students and design professionals through analysis and reflection on questionnaire responses with both qualitative and quantitative data. The proposed model promises to be a useful tool for design educators in several overlapping areas of design.
The Impacts Of Cooperative Learning On Anxiety And Proficiency In An EFL Class
Authors: Suwantarathip Ornprapat , Wichadee Saovapa 
Published: March 2016

The purposes of this study were to examine the effectiveness of cooperative learning approach in reducing foreign language anxiety and to investigate its impact on language proficiency of 40 sophomore students enrolled in EN 211 course in the second semester of 2009 academic year at Bangkok University. Three instruments employed were the standardized Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986), two proficiency tests covering reading and writing skills, and a semi-structured interview. The pre- and post- scores from the questionnaire and the tests of the group were calculated for descriptive statistics and compared using a paired sample t-test measure. It was found that the students’ top five sources of language classroom anxiety and overall language anxiety were significantly decreased. In addition, they obtained higher language proficiency scores for the post-test than the pre-test at the significance level of .001 after learning through this approach. The students also had a favorable attitude toward cooperative learning as a whole.
Using Wikis To Develop Summary Writing Abilities Of Students In An EFL Class
Authors: Wichadee Saovapa 
Published: March 2016

The research studied and compared students’ English summary writing ability before and after they were taught through wiki, a powerful tool, promoting collaborative learning environments among students. The research design is a kind of one group pre-test post-test. The target group was 35 students who enrolled in EN 111 course (Fundamental English I) in the first semester of the academic year 2010 at Bangkok University. Students in groups of four or five designed a wikispace and worked together for eight weeks in order to produce five pieces of summary written work. The members in each group worked through editing and revision on web pages until the team got a final paper and submitted that to the teacher for evaluation. The instruments used in this study included (1) summary writing tests, (2) a questionnaire surveying their attitudes toward this instruction, and (3) a reflection on cooperative learning through wikis. The results revealed that after the students were taught through wikis pages, their English summary writing mean score of the posttest was higher than that of the pretest and they had positive attitudes towards this learning. Regarding cooperative learning experience, most students thought that this is a new experience to work with the members on-line. They worked very hard; it took many times to read and reread the members’ postings in order to add new information.
Study Attitude And Academic Achievement At Secondary Level In Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , Bashir Muhamamd , Alam Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

The author compared study attitudes of low and high achievers by using a self-developed study attitude scale (SAS) consisting of 36 items. Academic performance was measured through marks obtained by the students in the 9th grade examination conducted by the external body. The analysis revealed that the study attitude of secondary school students was related with their academic achievement. A t-test for independent samples showed that there was a significant difference between the study attitude of male, female, rural and urban students.
Identification Of The Social Development In Early Childhood In Pakistan
Authors: Malik Asif , Sarwar Muhammad , Khan Naeemullah 
Published: March 2016

This study was conducted to identify the social development in early childhood years. It was delimited to eight private schools of Lahore City from the area of Faisal Town and Shadman. Forty students (male and female) were randomly selected as the sample. Five students from Nursery, Prep and grade one were selected from each school. A checklist was developed by reviewing the related literature which covered attributes of social developments under the sections of individual, social skills, peer relationships and communication skills. It was revealed that individual, social skills, peer relationships and communication skills were developed in the children but a positive mood was lacking in them at this stage.
Mentoring Reflective Practice In Pre-Service Teachers: A Reconstruction Through The Voices Of Australian Science Teachers
Authors: De Ville Paul A. 
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the formative basis of the professional reflective practice of in-service science teachers through their reconstruction of their pre-service interaction with lecturing staff. It reports through the voice of graduates of the Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Teaching double degree program of Avondale College, NSW who are currently practising in the classroom setting. Through these narratives the study focuses on mechanisms for the development of professional reflective modalities; and the levels of coherence between lecturers’ actual practice of reflective, critical thinking and in-service teacher’s conceptualisation of professional reflection that informs the development of their present professional reflective aptitudes, understandings and practices.
Amelioration Of Educational Conditions Through School Management Committees
Authors: Yousuf Muhammad Imran , Alam Muhammad Tayab , Sajjad Muhammad Latif , Imran Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

Community participation in planning and managing for increased educational opportunity is necessary. To ensure the involvement of local community, the government of Pakistan experimentally launched a scheme in 1994 by establishing School Management Committees (S.M.Cs). The major purpose of the present study was to observe the functions and performance of S.M.Cs in Promoting Education in Pakistan. The government schools of Punjab Province were considered to be the target population. The study sample consisted of SMCs. of eight government higher secondary schools, 34 government high schools and 34 government elementary schools the Punjab. A survey-type study questionnaire was used to gather the data which were collected and interpreted by using simple statistical techniques of percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test. Tentative conclusions are drawn with regard to observations of head teachers and memebrs of SMCs.
Adverse Changes In Faculty Behavior Resulting From Use Of Student Evaluations Of Teaching: A Case Study
Authors: Pritchard Robert E. , Potter Gregory C. 
Published: March 2016

Based on a detailed literature review and longitudinal analysis, this paper explores the possible underlying causes of the decline in the number of hours per week graduating business seniors indicated they studied during their senior year. The study was conducted at an AACSB accredited college of business at a regional university. The study indicates that the decline in hours studied was likely an unintended result of using a process designed to demonstrate continuous improvement in teaching. The process utilized the Educational Testing Service’s SIR II student evaluation instrument as the only measure of teaching quality/effectiveness. The study concludes that the process may have pressured some instructors to sacrifice teaching rigor in an attempt to obtain more favorable student evaluations, thereby precipitating the decline in hours studied.
The Impact Of School Socioeconomic Status On Student-Generated Teacher Ratings
Authors: Agnew Steve 
Published: March 2016

This paper uses ordinary least squares, logit and probit regressions, along with chi-square analysis applied to nationwide data from the New Zealand ratemyteacher website to establish if there is any correlation between student ratings of their teachers and the socioeconomic status of the school the students attend. The results show that students from mid socioeconomic status schools score their teachers significantly higher than students from other socioeconomic status schools. This has implications for the national measurement of teacher performance, as well as implications for individual teachers working in different socioeconomic status schools.
Effect of Media And Handling of Seed on Growth of Nyamplung (Calopyllum inophylum) Seedling
Authors: Suryawan Ady 
Published: March 2016

This research aims to investigate the influence of media (topsoil and cocopeat) and seed treatment (control, immersion, cracking, and stripping) on the growth of nyamplung seeds from Talise Island on 3 months old. This research using Completely randomized design method with observations viability, height, diameter, robustness seedlings and seed quality index. Results of tests known that character nyamplung growth is influenced by the media and seed handling. Cocopeat media will improve the viability but debase of growth, so that the necessary weaning with a more fertile medium. Handling seed by stripping the shell has a good influence on the growth and quality of seeds. Based on research, nyamplung requiring scarification with cocopeat media and stripping the shell.
Prefered Feed of Anoa (Bubalus sp.) at Manado Forestry Research Institute Captivity
Authors: Arini Diah Irawati Dwi , Kafiar Yermias 
Published: March 2016

The present study aims to determine the type of fodder available and the level of scarcity of Anoa’s fodder at the condition prior to captivity at the Forestry Research Institute of Manado. The method employed was a trial of 12 (twelve) types of fodder available around the captivity site given to 2 (two) female anoas. The data were analyzed and displayed in tables and graphs while the data of preferred fodder were analyzed using Neu’s index equation. The findings suggest that anoa put in captivity at the Forestry Research Institute of Manado did not encounter problems during the process of feeding adaptation. The average fodder needs required anoa at the captivity site of the Forestry Research Institute of Manado range from 10.2 to 11.7 kg/ day in which the fodder was given twice a day. Meanwhile, based on the availability and ease of supplying the fodder from around the captivity site, the following are the types of fodder from higher to lower preferences, namely: field grass, kangkung, shoes banana, string beans, beans and cucumbers, respectively. While fodder with the lowest level of scarcity is the type of fodder with a hard texture such as sweet potatoes, carrots or potatoes. Based on the results of a number of studies, it is recommended that variations in anoa’s fodder can be done every 4-5 times a day.
Genetic Variation in Growth Traits of Two Years Old Ficus variegata Blume
Authors: Haryjanto Liliek 
Published: March 2016

A progeny trial of nyawai (Ficus variegata Blume) with subline system was established in Mangunan, Bantul, Yogyakarta and designed as a Randomized Completely Block Design. Lombok subline comprised of 17 families and Cilacap-Pangandaran subline comprised of 19 families. This study was aimed to observe growth variation and genetic parameter of these sublines at two years after planting. Varians analysis was performed to find out family effect on survival, height, and diameter traits. Component varians analysis was used to estimate coefficient of genetic variation and heritability. This study showed that survival rate of the trial ranged from 89.01% to 91.42%. Family effect on height and diameter variation was very significant at both sublines. Estimation coefficient of genetic variation for height and diameter traits ranged from 4.41% to 9.04% or categorized as intermediate. Individual heritabilities for height traits ranged from 0.15 to 0.22; diameter ranged from 0.18 to 0.09, while family heritabilities for height and diameter traits ranged from 0.49 to 0.60 and 0.29 to 0.66 respectively.
Emergency Care for Homeless Patients: A French Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Feral-Pierssens Anne-Laure , Aubry Adeline , Truchot Jennifer , Raynal Pierre-Alexis , Boiffier Mathieu , Hutin Alice , Leleu Agathe , Debruyne Geraud , Joly Luc-Marie , Juvin Philippe , Riou Bruno , Freund Yonathan ,   the SECOURS Investigators
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To determine whether homeless patients experience suboptimal care in the emergency department (ED) by the provision of fewer health care resources. Methods. We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study in 30 EDs in France. During 72 hours in March 2015, all homeless patients that visited the participating EDs were included in the study. The primary health care service measure was the order by the physician of a diagnostic investigation or provision of a treatment in the ED. Secondary measures of health care services included ED waiting time, number and type of investigations per patient, treatment in the ED, and discharge disposition. Results. A total of 254 homeless patients and 254 nonhomeless patients were included. After excluding homeless patients that attended the ED for the sole purpose of housing, we analyzed 214 homeless and 214 nonhomeless. We found no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of health care resource consumption, and for our secondary endpoints. Conclusions. We did not find significant differences in the level of medical care delivered in French EDs to homeless patients compared with matched nonhomeless patients.
Food Environments and Obesity: Household Diet Expenditure Versus Food Deserts
Authors: Chen Danhong , Jaenicke Edward C. , Volpe Richard J. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To examine the associations between obesity and multiple aspects of the food environments, at home and in the neighborhood. Methods. Our study included 38 650 individuals nested in 18 381 households located in 2104 US counties. Our novel home food environment measure, USDAScore, evaluated the adherence of a household’s monthly expenditure shares of 24 aggregated food categories to the recommended values based on US Department of Agriculture food plans. The US Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (2008), the detailed food purchase information in the IRi Consumer Panel scanner data (2008–2012), and its associated MedProfiler data set (2012) constituted the main sources for neighborhood-, household-, and individual-level data, respectively. Results. After we controlled for a number of confounders at the individual, household, and neighborhood levels, USDAScore was negatively linked with obesity status, and a census tract–level indicator of food desert status was positively associated with obesity status. Conclusions. Neighborhood food environment factors, such as food desert status, were associated with obesity status even after we controlled for home food environment factors.
Barriers to Health Care Among Adults Identifying as Sexual Minorities: A US National Study
Authors: Dahlhamer James M. , Galinsky Adena M. , Joestl Sarah S. , Ward Brian W. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To assess the extent to which lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults aged 18 to 64 years experience barriers to health care. Methods. We used 2013 National Health Interview Survey data on 521 gay or lesbian (291 men, 230 women), 215 bisexual (66 men, 149 women), and 25 149 straight (11 525 men, 13 624 women) adults. Five barrier-to-care outcomes were assessed (delayed or did not receive care because of cost, did not receive specific services because of cost, delayed care for noncost reasons, trouble finding a provider, and no usual source of care). Results. Relative to straight adults, gay or lesbian and bisexual adults had higher odds of delaying or not receiving care because of cost. Bisexual adults had higher odds of delaying care for noncost reasons, and gay men had higher odds than straight men of reporting trouble finding a provider. By contrast, gay or lesbian women had lower odds of delaying care for noncost reasons than straight women. Bisexual women had higher odds than gay or lesbian women of reporting 3 of the 5 barriers investigated. Conclusions. Members of sexual minority groups, especially bisexual women, are more likely to encounter barriers to care than their straight counterparts.
Benzodiazepine Use and Hepatitis C Seroconversion in a Cohort of Persons Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Bach Paxton , Walton Geoffrey , Hayashi Kanna , Milloy M-J , Dong Huiru , Kerr Thomas , Montaner Julio , Wood Evan 
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To examine the relationship between benzodiazepine (BZD) use and HCV seroconversion in 2 linked prospective cohorts of persons who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. We examined prospective cohorts of 440 PWID (baseline BZD users: n = 102; 23.2%) from the AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Access to Survival Services (ACCESS) and the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS) cohorts, followed-up from 1996 to 2013 in Vancouver, Canada. Results. At baseline, the prevalence of HCV was higher among those who used BZD (80.5% vs 61.5%; P < .001). After adjustment, BZD use remained independently associated with increased rates of HCV seroconversion (adjusted rate ratio = 1.67; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 2.66). Conclusions. BZD use is independently associated with HCV seroconversion in a population of PWID.
Validity of Single-Item Screening for Limited Health Literacy in English and Spanish Speakers
Authors: Bishop Wendy Pechero , Craddock Lee Simon J. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Jones Tiffany M. , McCallister Katharine , Tiro Jasmin A. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To evaluate 3 single-item screening measures for limited health literacy in a community-based population of English and Spanish speakers. Methods. We recruited 324 English and 314 Spanish speakers from a community research registry in Dallas, Texas, enrolled between 2009 and 2012. We used 3 screening measures: (1) How would you rate your ability to read?; (2) How confident are you filling out medical forms by yourself?; and (3) How often do you have someone help you read hospital materials? In analyses stratified by language, we used area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves to compare each item with the validated 40-item Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Results. For English speakers, no difference was seen among the items. For Spanish speakers, “ability to read” identified inadequate literacy better than “help reading hospital materials” (AUROC curve = 0.76 vs 0.65; P = .019). Conclusions. The “ability to read” item performed the best, supporting use as a screening tool in safety-net systems caring for diverse populations. Future studies should investigate how to implement brief measures in safety-net settings and whether highlighting health literacy level influences providers’ communication practices and patient outcomes.
Simulating glacial lake outburst floods with a two-phase mass flow model
Authors: Kattel Parameshwari , Khattri Khim B. , Pokhrel Puskar R. , Kafle Jeevan , Tuladhar Bhadra Man , Pudasaini Shiva P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo simulate a glacial lake outburst flood, we employ a comprehensive physically based general two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012). This model accounts for a strong interaction between the solid and fluid phases and incorporates buoyancy and other dominant physical aspects of the mass flows such as enhanced non-Newtonian viscous stress, virtual mass force and generalized drag. Our real two-phase mass flow simulation describes explicit evolution of the solid and fluid phases and the debris bulk as a whole, akin to torrential debris flows or debris floods during glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The emptying of a lake following rapid collapse of a restraining dam, the consequent downslope motion of a mixed solid–fluid mass, and the tendency of the mass to form extruding plumes are analyzed in detail for different flow configurations, volumes, conduit geometries and boundary conditions. The solid and fluid phases evolve completely differently and reveal fundamentally different dynamical behaviours. During the flow, the relatively long fluid tail follows the solid-rich dense frontal surge head. The bulk debris develops into a frontal and side levee as derived from the initial frontal moraine dam. Results show that our high-resolution, unified simulation strategies and the advanced model equations can be applied to study the flow dynamics of a wide range of geophysical mass flows such as snow and rock–ice avalanches, debris flows and flash floods as well as GLOFs. This may help substantially in forming a basis for appropriate mitigation measures against potential natural hazards in high mountain slopes and valleys.
Using geochemical and isotopic chemistry to evaluate glacier melt contributions to the Chamkar Chhu (river), Bhutan
Authors: Williams Mark W. , Wilson Alana , Tshering Dendup , Thapa Pankaj , Kayastha Rijan B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWater stored as ice and snow at high elevations is a resource that plays an important role in the hydrologic cycle, particularly in the timing and volume of downstream discharge. Here we use geochemical and isotopic values of water samples to evaluate relative contributions of melting glacier ice and groundwater to discharge in Bhutan. River water samples were collected between 3100 and 4500 m in the Chamkar Chhu (river) watershed of central Bhutan's Himalaya. Glacier ice and snow were sampled in the ablation zone of Thanagang glacier. Groundwater was parameterized from spring water at elevations of 3100 and 3600 m. Synoptic sampling was carried out in separate expeditions in July, August and late September 2014, to characterize monsoon and post-monsoon conditions. Results from a two-component hydrologic mixing model using isotopic and geochemical (sulphate) values show that the glacier outflow contributions decrease from ∼76% at 4500 m to 31% at 3100 m. A four-component hydrologic mixing model using end-member mixing analysis shows glacier ice melt increasing as a proportion of discharge over the 3 month sampling period, and consistently decreasing with distance downstream of Thanagang glacier terminus. These results indicate that isotopic and geochemical tracers can provide a quantitative evaluation of the source water contributions to streamflow in Bhutan.