bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent microbial dysbiosis in preterm premature rupture of membranes from onset until delivery
Authors: Baldwin Elizabeth A. , Walther-Antonio Marina , MacLean Allison M. , Gohl Daryl M. , Beckman Kenneth B. , Chen Jun , White Bryan , Creedon Douglas J. , Chia Nicholas 
Published: November 2015

Background.Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) is a major leading cause of preterm births. While the cause for PPROM remains unidentified, it is anticipated to be due to subclinical infection, since a large proportion of PPROM patients display signs of chorioamnionitis. Since subclinical infections can be facilitated by dysbiosis, our goal was to characterize the vaginal microbiome and amniotic fluid discharge upon PPROM, through latency antibiotic treatment, and until delivery, to detect the presence of pathogens, microbiota alteration, and microbial response to treatment.Methods.Enrolled subjects (15) underwent routine institutional antenatal care for PPROM, including the administration of latency antibiotics. Serial vaginal swabs were obtained from diagnosis of PPROM through delivery and the sequencing of the V3–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed for all collected samples.Results.The results show that Lactobacilli species were markedly decreased when compared to vaginal swabs collected from uncomplicated pregnancy subjects with a matched gestational time.PrevotellaandPeptoniphiluswere the most prevalent taxa in PPROM subjects at presentation. The vaginal microbiome of the PPROM subjects varied substantially intra- and inter-subjects. Several taxa were found to be significantly reduced during and after the antibiotic treatment:Weeksella,Lachnospira,Achromobacter, andPediococcus. In contrast,PeptostreptococcusandTissierellaceae ph2displayed a significant increase after the antibiotic treatment. However, the relative abundance ofLactobacillus,Prevotella, andPeptoniphiluswas not substantially impacted during the hospitalization of the PPROM subjects. The deficiency ofLactobacillus, and constancy of known pathogenic species, such asPrevotellaandPeptoniphilusduring and after antibiotics, highlights the persistent dysbiosis and warrants further investigation into mitigating approaches.Discussion.PPROM is responsible for one third of all preterm births. It is thought that subclinical infection is a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of PPROM because 25–40% of patients present signs of chorioamnionitis on amniocentesis. Here we sought to directly assess the bacterial content of the vagina and leaking amniotic fluid of subjects at presentation, throughout treatment and up until delivery, in order to search for common pathogens, microbiota changes, and microbial response to latency antibiotic treatment. We have found that the vaginal microbiome of PPROM subjects is highly variable and displays significant changes to treatment. However, the unchanging deficiency ofLactobacillus, and persistence of known pathogenic species, such asPrevotellaandPeptoniphilusfrom presentation, through antibiotic treatment and up until delivery, highlights the persistent dysbiosis and warrants further investigation into mitigating approaches.
The effectiveness of sputum pH analysis in the prediction of response to therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Masuda Makoto , Sato Takashi , Sakamaki Kentaro , Kudo Makoto , Kaneko Takeshi , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2015

Purpose.The predictive factor of response to antituberculous therapy has not been fully elucidated. Airway acidity has been thought to be a potential indicator of the bactericidal activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that monitoring airway acidity by measuring sputum pH could predict response to therapy.Methods.A total of 47 patients having newly diagnosed, smear-positive, active pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled between October 2011 and March 2014. Sputum samples were serially analyzed before and after treatment. Eligible patients who initiated a standard 6-month treatment were monitored for the length of time to sputum smear and culture conversion.Results.There were 39 patients who completed a 2-month intensive phase of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol therapy followed by a 4-month continuation phase of isoniazid and rifampicin. Although factors including age, cavitation, sputum grade, and use of an acid-suppressant were associated with initial low sputum pH in univariate analysis, multivariate analysis revealed that only age ≥61 years was a statistically important factor predicting low pH value (p= 0.005). Further outcome analysis showed that initial low sputum pH before treatment was the only factor significantly associated with shorter length of time to both sputum smear and culture conversion (p= 0.034 and 0.019, respectively) independent of the effects of age, sputum bacterial load, extent of lung lesion, and cavitation. Thus, initial low sputum pH indicated favorable response to anti-tuberculosis therapy.Conclusions.Measuring sputum pH is an easy and inexpensive way of predicting response to standard combination therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
On the influence of poleward jet shift on shortwave cloud feedback in global climate models
Authors: Wall Casey J. , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExperiments designed to separate the effect of atmospheric warming from the effect of shifts of the eddy‐driven jet on shortwave (SW) cloud feedback are performed with three global climate models (GCMs). In each model a warming simulation produces a robust SW cloud feedback dipole, with a negative (positive) feedback in the high‐latitudes (subtropics). The cloud brightening in high‐latitudes that characterizes warming simulations is not produced by jet shifts alone in any of the models, but is highly sensitive to perturbations of freezing temperature seen by the cloud microphysics scheme, indicating that thermodynamic mechanisms involving the phase of cloud condensate dominate the SW feedback at high‐latitudes. In one of the models a poleward jet shift causes significant cloud dimming throughout the midlatitudes, but in two models it does not. Differences in cloud response to jet shifts in two of the models are attributed to differences in the shallow convection parameterizations.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: November 2015

Disease overview: Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS).Diagnosis:The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data.Risk‐adapted therapy: TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a “risk‐adapted,” multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin‐directed therapies is preferred, as both disease‐specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced‐stage disease with significant nodal, visceral, or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic‐response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors before escalating therapy to include systemic, single‐agent chemotherapy. In highly‐selected patients, allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients. Am. J. Hematol. 91:151–165, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anionenerkennung in Wasser: aktuelle Fortschritte aus supramolekularer und makromolarer Sicht
Authors: Langton Matthew J. , Serpell Christopher J. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDie Erkennung von Anionen in Wasser ist auch heute noch für die moderne supramolekulare Chemie eine schwierige Aufgabe, die aber für Anwendungen in Biologie, Medizin und Umweltwissenschaften unter deren gewöhnlich wässrigen Bedingungen bewältigt werden muss. Synthetische Anionenrezeptoren für wässrige Lösungen sind bislang eher die Ausnahme als die Regel. In den letzten Jahren ist aber eine Entwicklung hin zu routinemäßiger Anionenerkennung zu beobachten, die in unserem Aufsatz beleuchtet werden soll. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt bei der gezielten Verwendung des hydrophoben Effekts und von exotischen Wechselwirkungen, wie CH‐Wasserstoffbrücken und Halogenbrücken. Wir werfen auch einen Blick über das Gebiet der Erkennung durch niedermolekulare Verbindungen hinaus in den makromolekularen Bereich, in dem es aktuelle Fortschritte für die Anionenerkennung durch Biomoleküle, Polymere und Nanopartikel zu verzeichnen gibt.
Ligand‐Promoted Borylation of C(sp3)H Bonds with Palladium(II) Catalysts
Authors: He Jian , Jiang Heng , Takise Ryosuke , Zhu Ru‐Yi , Chen Gang , Dai Hui‐Xiong , Dhar T. G. Murali , Shi Jun , Zhang Hao , Cheng Peter T. W. , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA quinoline‐based ligand effectively promotes the palladium‐catalyzed borylation of C(sp3)H bonds. Primary β‐C(sp3)H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives as well as secondary C(sp3)H bonds in a variety of carbocyclic rings, including cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, cyclopentanes, cyclohexanes, and cycloheptanes, can thus be borylated. This directed borylation method complements existing iridium(I)‐ and rhodium(I)‐catalyzed CH borylation reactions in terms of scope and operational conditions.
Peroxygenase‐Catalyzed Oxyfunctionalization Reactions Promoted by the Complete Oxidation of Methanol
Authors: Ni Yan , Fernández‐Fueyo Elena , Baraibar Alvaro Gomez , Ullrich René , Hofrichter Martin , Yanase Hideshi , Alcalde Miguel , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeroxygenases catalyze a broad range of (stereo)selective oxyfunctionalization reactions. However, to access their full catalytic potential, peroxygenases need a balanced provision of hydrogen peroxide to achieve high catalytic activity while minimizing oxidative inactivation. Herein, we report an enzymatic cascade process that employs methanol as a sacrificial electron donor for the reductive activation of molecular oxygen. Full oxidation of methanol is achieved, generating three equivalents of hydrogen peroxide that can be used completely for the stereoselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene as a model reaction. Overall we propose and demonstrate an atom‐efficient and easily applicable alternative to established hydrogen peroxide generation methods, which enables the efficient use of peroxygenases for oxyfunctionalization reactions.
Phenolic resin‐crosslinked natural rubber/clay nanocomposites: Influence of clay loading and interfacial adhesion on strain‐induced crystallization behavior
Authors: Masa Abdulhakim , Saito Ryota , Saito Hiromu , Sakai Tadamoto , Kaesaman Azizon , Lopattananon Natinee 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and pristine clay (clay) were prepared by latex mixing, then crosslinked with phenolic resin (PhOH). For comparative study, the PhOH‐crosslinked neat NR was also prepared. Influence of clay loading (i.e., 1, 3, 5, and 10 phr) on mechanical properties and structural change of PhOH‐crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposites was studied through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), tensile property measurement, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD and TEM showed that the clay was partly intercalated and aggregated, and that the dispersion state of clay was non‐uniform at higher clay loading (>5 phr). From tensile test measurement, it was found that the pronounced upturn of tensile stress was observed when the clay loading was increased and a maximum tensile strength of the PhOH‐crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposites was obtained at 5 phr clay. WAXD observations showed that an increased addition of clay induced more orientation and alignment of NR chains, thereby lowering onset strain of strain‐induced crystallization and promoting crystallinity of the NR matrix during tensile deformation. FTIR investigation indicated a strong interfacial adhesion between NR matrix and clay filler through a phenolic resin bridge. This suggested that the PhOH did not only act as curative agent for crosslinking of NR, but it also worked as coupling agent for promoting interfacial reaction between NR and clay. The presence of strong interfacial adhesion was found to play an important role in the crystallization process, leading to promotion of mechanical properties of the PhOH‐crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43214.
Silver‐Catalyzed Allylation of Ketones and Intramolecular Cyclization through Carbene Intermediates from Cyclopropenes Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Endo Kohei , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTandem C−C bond formation was achieved through silver‐catalyzed ring‐opening of cyclopropenes via carbene intermediates. The reaction of cyclopropenes in the presence of a silver catalyst gave indene derivatives under ambient conditions. In contrast, the insertion of organozinc reagents to silver carbene or allylic cation intermediates afforded allylmetal intermediates for the tandem allylation of carbonyl compounds.
Indian summer monsoon prediction and simulation in CFSv2 coupled model
Authors: George Gibies , Rao D. Nagarjuna , Sabeerali C. T. , Srivastava Ankur , Rao Suryachandra A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing carefully designed coupled model experiments, we have demonstrated that the prediction skill of the all India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) in Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) model basically comes from the El‐Niňo Southern Oscillation‐Monsoon teleconnection. On the other hand, contrary to observations, the Indian Ocean coupled dynamics do not have a crucial role in controlling the prediction skill of the AISMR in CFSv2. We show that the inadequate representation of the Indian Ocean coupled dynamics in CFSv2 is responsible for this dichotomy. Hence, the improvement of the Indian Ocean coupled dynamics is essential for further improvement of the AISMR prediction skill in CFSv2.
Simultaneous evaluation of one‐electron reducing systems and radical reactions in cells by nitroxyl biradical as probe
Authors: Araki Yoko , Koshiishi Ichiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the present study, a novel probe for the simultaneous evaluation of one‐electron reducing systems (electron transport chain) and one‐electron oxidizing systems (free radical reactions) in cells by electron chemical detection was developed. Six‐membered cyclic nitroxyl radicals (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl; TEMPO series) are sensitive to one‐electron redox systems, generating the hydroxylamine form [TEMPO(H)] via one‐electron reduction, and the secondary amine form [TEMPO(N)] via one‐electron oxidation in the presence of thiols. In contrast, the sensitivities of five‐membered cyclic nitroxyl radicals (2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl; PROXYL series) to the one‐electron redox systems are comparatively low. The electron chemical detector can detect 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), TEMPO(H) and PROXYL but not TEMPO(N). Therefore, nitroxyl biradical, TEMPO‐PROXYL, as a probe for the evaluation of one‐electron redox systems was employed. TEMPO‐PROXYL was synthesized by the conjunction of 4‐amino‐TEMPO with 3‐carboxyl‐PROXYL via the conventional dicyclohexyl carbodiimide reaction. TEMPO‐PROXYL, TEMPO(H)‐PROXYL and TEMPO(N)‐PROXYL were simultaneously quantified by HPLC with Coularray detection. Calibration curves for the quantification of TEMPO‐PROXYL, TEMPO(H)‐PROXYL and TEMPO(N)‐PROXYL were linear in the range from 80 nm to 80 μm, and the lowest quantification limit of each molecule was estimated to be <80 nm. The relative standard deviations at 0.8 and 80 μm were within 10% (n = 5). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐Acylethanolamines Bind to SIRT6
Authors: Rahnasto‐Rilla Minna , Kokkola Tarja , Jarho Elina , Lahtela‐Kakkonen Maija , Moaddel Ruin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylase enzyme that is involved in multiple molecular pathways related to aging. Initially, it was reported that SIRT6 selectively deacetylated H3K9Ac and H3K56Ac; however, it has more recently been shown to preferentially hydrolyze long‐chain fatty acyl groups over acetyl groups in vitro. Subsequently, fatty acids were demonstrated to increase the catalytic activity of SIRT6. In this study, we investigated whether a series of N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs), quercetin, and luteolin could regulate SIRT6 activity. NAEs increased SIRT6 activity, with oleoylethanolamide having the strongest activity (EC50 value of 3.1 μm). Quercetin and luteolin were demonstrated to have dual functionality with respect to SIRT6 activity; namely, they inhibited SIRT6 activity with IC50 values of 24 and 2 μm, respectively, and stimulated SIRT6 activity more than sixfold (EC50 values of 990 and 270 μm, respectively).
Costunolide induces lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells apoptosis through ROS (reactive oxygen species)—mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Xin , Gong Xingguo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCostunolide is an active sesquiterpene lactone derived from many herbal medicines. It has a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including anti‐inflammatory and potential anti‐tumor effects. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the inhibitory effects of costunolide on A549 cell growth and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Annexin V‐FITC/PI flow cytometry analysis revealed that costunolide induced apoptosis. To study the mechanism, we found that costunolide exposure activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways, as shown by the up‐regulation of GRP78 and IRE1α and the activation of ASK1 and JNK. Meanwhile, siRNA knockdown of IRE1α significantly attenuated costunolide‐induced apoptosis and partly restored the mitochondrial membrane potential. ER stress‐activated JNK phosphorylated Bcl‐2 at Ser70, which changes the anti‐apoptotic function of Bcl‐2, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and leading to mitochondrial activation of apoptosis. Furthermore, costunolide induced ROS generation, while the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) effectively blocked ER stress and apoptosis activation, suggesting that ROS acts as an upstream signaling molecule in triggering ER stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Taken together, our research demonstrates that costunolide exhibits its anti‐tumor activity though inducing apoptosis, which is mediated by ER stress. We further confirm that Bcl‐2 is a key molecule connecting the ER stress and mitochondrial pathways.
Robust Zinc Complexes that Contain Pyrrolidine‐Based Ligands as Recyclable Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides
Authors: Mercadé Elisabet , Zangrando Ennio , Claver Carmen , Godard Cyril 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNew zinc catalysts bearing ligands that contain a pyrrolidine scaffold were synthesized and tested successfully in the coupling of CO2 with terminal and internal epoxides. These catalysts provide excellent activity and total selectivity to the corresponding cyclic carbonates, even for challenging substrates such as cyclohexene oxide, trans‐1,2‐epoxybutane, and methyl epoxioleate. The robustness of the most active catalytic system was demonstrated by turnover numbers of up to 1840 for propylene oxide. The recycling of this catalytic system was performed up to five times without relevant loss of activity using this substrate.
Near‐IR BODIPY Dyes à la Carte—Programmed Orthogonal Functionalization of Rationally Designed Building Blocks
Authors: Gómez‐Durán Cesar F. A. , Esnal Ixone , Valois‐Escamilla Ismael , Urías‐Benavides Arlette , Bañuelos Jorge , López Arbeloa Iñigo , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Peña‐Cabrera Eduardo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of polyfunctional BODIPY building blocks suitable to be subjected to several reaction sequences with complete chemoselectivity, thereby allowing the preparation of complex BODIPY derivatives in a versatile and programmable manner. The reactions included the Liebeskind–Srogl cross‐coupling reaction (LSCC), nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), Suzuki, Sonogashira, and Stille couplings, and a desulfitative reduction of the MeS group. This novel synthetic protocol is a powerful route to design a library of compounds with tailored photophysical properties for advanced applications. In this context, it is noteworthy that it offers a straightforward and cost‐effective strategy to shift the BODIPY emission deep into the near‐infrared spectral region while retaining high fluorescence quantum yields as well as highly efficient and stable laser action. These new dyes outperform the lasing behaviour of dyes considered as benchmarks over the red spectral region, overcoming the important drawbacks associated with these commercial laser dyes, namely low absorption at the standard pump wavelengths (355 and 532 nm) and/or poor photostability.
A Versatile Precursor System for Supercritical Fluid Electrodeposition of Main‐Group Materials
Authors: Bartlett Philip N. , Burt Jennifer , Cook David A. , Cummings Charles Y. , George Michael W. , Hector Andrew L. , Hasan Mahboba M. , Ke Jie , Levason William , Pugh David , Reid Gillian , Richardson Peter W. , Smith David C. , Spencer Joe , Suleiman Norhidayah , Zhang Wenjian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor the first time, a versatile electrolyte bath is described that can be used to electrodeposit a wide range of p‐block elements from supercritical difluoromethane (scCH2F2). The bath comprises the tetrabutylammonium chlorometallate complex of the element in an electrolyte of 50×10−3 mol dm−3 tetrabutylammonium chloride at 17.2 MPa and 358 K. Through the use of anionic ([GaCl4]−, [InCl4]−, [GeCl3]−, [SnCl3]−, [SbCl4]−, and [BiCl4]−) and dianionic ([SeCl6]2− and [TeCl6]2−) chlorometallate salts, the deposition of elemental Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Se, and Te is demonstrated. In all cases, with the exception of gallium, which is a liquid under the deposition conditions, the resulting deposits are characterised by SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. An advantage of this electrolyte system is that the reagents are all crystalline solids, reasonably easy to handle and not highly water or oxygen sensitive. The results presented herein significantly broaden the range of materials accessible by electrodeposition from supercritical fluid and open up the future possibility of utilising the full scope of these unique fluids to electrodeposit functional binary or ternary alloys and compounds of these elements.