bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free kappa light chains in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker to assess risk conversion to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Menéndez-Valladares P , García-Sánchez MI , Cuadri Benítez P , Lucas M , Adorna Martínez M , Carranco Galán V , García De Veas Silva JL , Bermudo Guitarte C , Izquierdo Ayuso G 
Published: December 2015

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) initiates with a first attack or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The importance of an early treatment in MS leads to the search, as soon as possible, for novel biomarkers which can predict conversion from CIS to MS. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of the kappa index ([Formula: see text] index), using kappa free light light chains ([Formula: see text]FLCs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), for the conversion of CIS patients to MS, and compare its accuracy with other parameters used in clinical practice. Methods FLC levels were analysed in CSF from 176 patients: 70 as control group, 77 CIS, and 29 relapsing–remitting MS. FLC levels were quantified by nephelometry. Results [Formula: see text] Index sensitivity and specificity (93.1%; 95.7%) was higher than those from the immunoglobulin G (IgG) index (75.9%; 94.3%), and lower than those from oligoclonal IgG bands (OCGBs) (96.5%; 98.6%). The optimal cut-off for [Formula: see text] index was 10.62. Most of the CIS patients with [Formula: see text] index >10.62 presented OCGBs, IgG index >0.56 and fulfilled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria. Conclusion CIS patients above [Formula: see text] index cut-off of 10.62 present 7.34-fold risk of conversion to MS than CIS below this value. The [Formula: see text] index correlated with positive OCGBs, IgG index above 0.56 and MRI criteria.
The Placental Variant of Human Growth Hormone Reduces Maternal Insulin Sensitivity in a Dose-Dependent Manner in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Liao Shutan , Vickers Mark H. , Stanley Joanna L. , Ponnampalam Anna P. , Baker Philip N. , Perry Jo K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe human placental GH variant (GH-V) is secreted continuously from the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta during pregnancy and is thought to play a key role in the maternal adaptation to pregnancy. Maternal GH-V concentrations are closely related to fetal growth in humans. GH-V has also been proposed as a potential candidate to mediate insulin resistance observed later in pregnancy. To determine the effect of maternal GH-V administration on maternal and fetal growth and metabolic outcomes during pregnancy, we examined the dose-response relationship for GH-V administration in a mouse model of normal pregnancy. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive vehicle or GH-V (0.25, 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg · d) by osmotic pump from gestational days 12.5 to 18.5. Fetal linear growth was slightly reduced in the 5 mg/kg dose compared with vehicle and the 0.25 mg/kg groups, respectively, whereas placental weight was not affected. GH-V treatment did not affect maternal body weights or food intake. However, treatment with 5 mg/kg · d significantly increased maternal fasting plasma insulin concentrations with impaired insulin sensitivity observed at day 18.5 as assessed by homeostasis model assessment. At 5 mg/kg · d, there was also an increase in maternal hepatic GH receptor/binding protein (Ghr/Ghbp) and IGF binding protein 3 (Igfbp3) mRNA levels, but GH-V did not alter maternal plasma IGF-1 concentrations or hepatic Igf-1 mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that at higher doses, GH-V treatment can cause hyperinsulinemia and is a likely mediator of the insulin resistance associated with late pregnancy.
Associations of Body Mass Index With Incident Fractures and Hip Structural Parameters in a Large Canadian Cohort
Authors: Shen Jian , Leslie William D. , Nielson Carrie M. , Majumdar Sumit R. , Morin Suzanne N. , Orwoll Eric S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Context:
Fractures in obese individuals are of public health importance, but the relationship between obesity and fracture is complex and remains poorly understood.

Objective:
The study examined the association of body mass index (BMI) with bone structural and strength parameters and incident fracture.

Design and Setting:
We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using data from the Manitoba Bone Density Program.

Participants:
We included 51 313 women and 4689 men aged 50 years or older referred for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. For 41 919 women and 4085 men, we were able to derive hip structural parameters.

Main Outcome Measure:
Cross-sectional moment of inertia, cross-sectional area, and femoral strength index were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health service records were assessed for incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) (mean follow-up 6.2 y in women and 4.7 y in men).

Results:
Among individuals with a BMI of less than 30 kg/m2, increasing BMI was associated with progressive increases in bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional moment of inertia, and cross-sectional area. The relationship reached a plateau around a BMI of 30 kg/m2, with little additional increment with further increases in BMI (all P for interaction &lt; .0001, obese vs nonobese). Increasing BMI was linearly associated with decreases in strength index in both women and men. MOFs were ascertained in 3721 women and 276 men (1027 female and 75 male hip fractures). Higher BMI was associated with a lower risk of MOF in women in multivariable models, but this association was largely explained by their higher BMD. Protective association of higher BMI with hip fracture were stronger and only partially explained by BMD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.79 [0.73–0.99] for obese I and 0.67 [0.46–0.98] for obese II). Higher BMI was not significantly associated with a risk of MOF or hip fracture in men.

Conclusions:
Despite structural and biomechanical disadvantages, obese women were at lower risk of fracture.
Use of Energy Saving Technologies in Agricultural Production
Authors: Байнева  , Bayneva I. 
Published: December 2015

Issues of energy saving in the organization of lighting in poultry industry.
Researched the features and role of the light on the process of growing poultry,
in particular broilers. Analyzed of the traditional lighting systems in the poultry
industry, and energy-efficient LED lighting, their strengths, weaknesses and
the specific application.
On the Necessity of State Regulation Socially Responsible Business Conduct in Order to Enhance Its Competitiveness
Authors: Игнатова  , Ignatova L. 
Published: December 2015

Considered alternative approaches to the vision of the role of the state in
regulating the behavior of socially responsible business. Systematized the
main problems from the standpoint of reconciling the interests of key
stakeholders. Recommendations for improving the institutional controls to
improve business competitiveness.
Economic Feasibility of Utilizing Precommercially Thinned Southern Pine as a Woody Biomass Energy Source
Authors: Hanzelka Nathan C. , Sullivan Jay , Bolding M. Chad , Barrett Scott M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The use of woody biomass as a feedstock for wood-burning energy facilities and pellet mills has increased across the southern United States in recent years. Feedstock for these facilities comes in a variety of forms, including roundwood, logging residues, and mill residues. Precommercial thinning (PCT) of pine stands is sometimes used to mitigate southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) risk that traditionally incurs added cost to landowners. Utilization of biomass from PCT for biomass energy production may provide an opportunity to reduce the costs of southern pine beetle risk mitigation practices. Potential use of PCT biomass has been suggested in previous studies, but little effort has focused on quantifying amounts available for utilization. Using a list of nonindustrial, private forests enrolled in the Virginia Department of Forestry Pine Bark Beetle Prevention Program, we conducted inventories of pine stands scheduled to undergo PCT to estimate potentially harvestable biomass. Inventories of stands in the 5- to 7-year-old and the 8- to 12-year-old age groups showed average volumes of 14.47 and 39.63 green tons per acre of biomass, respectively. Results suggest that PCT stands in the 8- to 12-year-old age group may contain sufficient volumes for economically feasible harvests based on removal estimations, thinning costs, and regional biomass prices. The feasibility of such harvests will largely depend on the degree to which harvesting costs are affected by utilizing the small-diameter stems typically found in PCT stands and local demand for biomass.
Multianalyte Conventional Reference Material (MacRM): A Useful Tool for Nationwide Standardization of Laboratory Measurements for Medical Care—A Model Study in Japan
Authors: Shinohara Katsuyuki , Hamasaki Naotaka , Takagi Yasushi , Yatomi Yutaka , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Hosogaya Shigemi , Kawai Yohko , Miyachi Hayato , Kaneko Kenji , Miyajima Yoshifumi , Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Yoshikazu , Iwagami Miyuki , Osawa Susumu , Umeda Mamoru , Koide Hirofumi , Yoshimura Daisuke , Kato Hideo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Japanese Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (JCCLS) has developed a multianalyte conventional reference material (MacRM) for nationwide standardization of laboratory measurements.METHODSTo prepare the MacRM, pooled sera were obtained from healthy Japanese individuals. Target values of the pooled sera for 30 analytes were assigned on the basis of the measurement results of 45 certified clinical laboratories whose calibration was verified by measuring certified reference materials (CRMs) provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, and JCCLS. Commutability of MacRM was assessed by comparison with results for 150 individual inpatients at Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital. Survey samples were prepared by essentially the same method for MacRM but without target values. The survey samples were used to assess agreement among 165 laboratories that used various assay kits and platforms calibrated with the MacRM.RESULTSThe commutability of MacRM was confirmed for 30 analytes with sera from 150 individual patients. The imprecision (CV) of measurements of survey samples (high and low concentrations) among the 165 laboratories was 0.4%–10.0%. Twenty-six of 30 analytes were within the goals for interinstitutional allowable bias. An aliquot of MacRM stored frozen at −80 °C remained stable for ≥4 years.CONCLUSIONSThe MacRM was successfully applied as a calibrator to achieve nationwide standardization for 30 analytes measured by 165 laboratories that used various methods from different manufacturers.
Research assistants’ perception of mistreatment and the strategies they prefer to overcome this mistreatment
Authors: Günçavdı Gizem , Polat Soner 
Published: December 2015

<p>The purpose of this study is to determine research assistants’ perception of mistreatment from other faculty members and the strategies they prefer to overcome this mistreatment. The sample of this study includes 255 research assistants who work at seven faculties at Kocaeli University, Turkey. This study is in the descriptive survey model. In order to measure research assistants’ perception of mistreatment, “Mistreatment Scale” developed by Harlos and Axelrod (2005) and adapted to Turkish by Günçavdı and Polat (2015); and in order to measure strategies which research assistants prefer to overcome this mistreatment, “Secondary Appraisal Scale” developed by Rogers (1998) were used as data collection tools. It has been found out that research assistants’ perception of mistreatment from faculty showed significant difference depending on personal and organizational variables. Also it has been found out that research assistants used “barriers” strategies mostly to overcome mistreatment. This research has given an idea about research assistants’ experiences about being exposed to mistreatment, but this study is limited to students at Kocaeli University. In the future researches, the samples can be extended by taking research assistants who work at other universities as the sample. </p>
Fractionation and evaluation of proteins in roots of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Authors: Balciunaite Gabriele , Juodsnukyte Jovita , Savickas Arunas , Ragazinskiene Ona , Siatkute Luka , Zvirblyte Gitana , Mistiniene Edita , Savickiene Nijole 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, a member of the Asteraceae family, is a plant rich in flavonoids, essential oils, phenolic compounds, saponins, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the protein content in dried roots of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench after homogenization of roots with liquid nitrogen, extraction in 0.01 mol L-1 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and purification followed by fractionation of proteins using gel filtration chromatography. Total concentration of proteins was measured using the Bradford method, and evaluation of the molecular mass of proteins was accomplished by applying the SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The Bradford assay revealed that the highest concentration of proteins in fractions collected after gel filtration chomatography was 4.66–6.07 mg mL-1. Glycoproteins, alkamides and polysaccharides in roots of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench are chemical compounds that are responsible for their immunomodulatory properties. However, information about the difference of protein contents in fresh and dried roots of E. purpurea is insufficient.
Siderophore: Structural And Functional Characterisation – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sah Stuti , Singh Rajni 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Plants and microbes have enormous importance in our daily life. Iron is said to be the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust from soil, still many plants face problem in uptaking iron because it is found in insoluble form, which severely restricts the bioavailability of this metal. In response to this, microorganisms present in soil such as Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter genera, Bacillus and Rhodococcus produce special iron carriers or iron-binding compounds called as ‘siderphores’ or ‘siderochromes’. This paper is an attempt to review the importance of siderphores in enhancing plants’ iron utilisation strategies, the mode of transport of siderophores along with iron across the memberane and depending on the difference in their chemical structure, functional moiety and their source of isolation of four different types of siderophore (hydroxamates, catecholates, carboxylates and siderophore with mixed ligand). Siderophore and their derivative have large application in agriculture as to increase soil fertility and as biocontrol for fungal pathogen. This review unlike other reviews includes (1) types of siderophore, (2) the structural difference amongst them, (3) siderophore biosynthesis, (4) transport mechanism, (5) the genetics of siderophore and (6) their efficacy in human life.
Reconstructing the First Steps of Hellenistic Ethnography. The Nomima Barbarika of P.Lond. Lit. 112 Reconsidered
Authors: Pajón Leyra Irene 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper offers a new overview of P.Lond. Lit. 112, long considered to be a possible fragment of the lost collection of ethnographical material known as Νόμιμα βαρβαρικά that originated with Aristotle. A new arrangement of the fragments, a re-edition of the text and an updated commentary suggests that the piece, rather than being Aristotelian, could be a fragment of the lost paradoxographic collection of ethnographic anecdotes compiled by Nymphodorus of Amphipolis.
Aspekte des römerzeitlichen Gymnasiums in Ägypten
Authors: Habermann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe gymnasia in Roman Egypt played an important political, juridical, social and festive role for the Roman emperors, the provincial and metropolitan authorities. For the people the gymnasium was a cultural site and also a place for political agitation. The article deals with the evolution of the institution from the early Roman period until its end in the fourth century.
Wilhelm Diltheys Philosophie der Verkörperung
Authors: Madzia Roman , Jung Matthias 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The philosophical tradition reaching from antiquity up till the contemporary philosophy of mind had tended to conceive of the mind as something which is ‘contained’ in the head. In recent decades such cognitive internalism has been called into question by the ‘embodied cognition’ movement in the philosophy of mind. The interactionist critique of cognitive and epistemological internalism, however, is not new. As the authors demonstrate, Wilhelm Dilthey, especially in his texts from the 1880s, came up with a profound critique of internalism and was able to clearly recognise its solipsistic ramifications. Dilthey took a strong interactionist stance with regard to internalism and presented an interesting argument in favor of the objective reality of the external world. The authors reconstruct these arguments and demonstrate the closeness of Dilthey’s work to the philosophy of the American pragmatists as well as Dilthey’s possible influence on some of them.
Editorik für Laien
Authors: Dedner Burghard 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEditorial work is usually considered to be a specialty for specialists. After having presented editorial problems and results of editorial research to non-expert audiences for more than 25 years I would say, however, that editorial work is more apt to arouse public interest than most other activities in our field. By discussing writing and transmission processes and their impact on the meaning of a text or by showing in detail how texts are interrelated we widen the readers’ horizon and enrich our audiences’ reading experience. Some of the examples I present in this paper are based on numerous discussions with high school students, other examples reflect our editorial contributions to a recent exhibition of Georg Büchner’s life and works. They include manuscript presentations, audio guide talks and a special section with computerized reconstructions of writing processes and intertextual connections. The critics’ response to these editorial contributions was positive and sometimes even enthusiastic.
SAMMANSÄTTNINGAR I SPRÅKRÅDETS NYORDSLISTOR: PRODUKTIVITET OCH FÖRSTÅELIGHET
Authors: Kołaczek Natalia 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Compounding seems to be the most productive word formation process in Swedish on the basis of “new words’ lists” (Swedish: nyordslistor) registered by the Language Council of Sweden (Svenska Språkrådet). The subject of the research was the productiveness of compounds and their comprehensibility for the native speakers. The material for the corpus analysis showing the productivity of compounds consisted of 353 compound words from the lists from years 2000 – 2012. With help of a survey where pupils from a secondary school in Tingsryd in Småland were asked to define 17 compounds from “new words’ list” 2008 a conclusion could be drawn that compound words are short-lived, ephemeral constructions. The analysis has shown the big pace of changes that the lexicon undergoes and the linguistic creativity of language users as well as their strong need to create new terms. The results can evoke questions about the effectiveness of communication in relation to the features of new words.
The article is based on my unpublished master’s thesis.
Kinin B1 receptor mediates memory impairment in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Dong-Creste Káris Ester , Baraldi-Tornisielo Ticiana , Caetano Ariadiny Lima , Gobeil Fernand , Montor Wagner Ricardo , Viel Tania Araujo , Buck Hudson Sousa 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The bradykinin (BK) receptors B1R and B2R are involved in inflammatory responses and their activation can enhance tissue damage. The B2R is constitutively expressed and mediates the physiologic effects of BK, whereas B1R expression is induced after tissue damage. Recently, they have been involved with Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we investigated the role of bradykinin in short and long-term memory consolidation (STM and LTM). It was observed that bilateral injection of BK (300 pmol/μl) disrupted the STM consolidation but not LTM, both evaluated by inhibitory avoidance test. The STM disruption due to BK injection was blocked by the previous injection of the B1R antagonist des-Arg10-HOE140 but not by the B2R antagonist HOE140. Additionally, the injection of the B1 agonist desArg9-BK disrupted STM and LTM consolidation at doses close to physiological concentration of the peptide (2.3 and 37.5 pmol, respectively) which could be reached during tissue injury. The presence of B1R located on glial cells around the implanted guide cannula used for peptide injection was confirmed by immunofluorescence. These data imply in a possible participation of B1R in the STM impairment observed in TBI, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Instrumente der Kriegswirtschaft oder der wirtschaftlichen Selbsthilfe – Die Kriegskreditbanken 1914-1918
Authors: Wixforth Harald 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
At the beginning of the First World War a number of new financial institutions were founded in Germany due to troubles on the German financial market in the summer and autumn of 1914. These institutions, known as the Kriegskreditbanken, were to play a prominent role beside the existing banks. So many of them were founded on the initiative of industrialists as well as of bankers, who believed that the existing financial institutions were not able to provide industry and trade with the financial means necessary in a war economy. During the war, however, it became obvious that the German economy did not suffer from financial restrictions. As the restrictions of the gold standard were lifted, liquidity was no problem. As a result the importance of the Kriegskreditbanken was reduced step by step. At the end of the war most of them were liquidated. The existence of the Kriegskreditbanken remained a short experiment of cooperation between banks, industrialists and local authorities under the specific conditions of the war economy.
Fixed and Recursive Right-Tailed Dickey–Fuller Tests in the Presence of a Break under the Null
Authors: Sollis Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRight-tailed Dickey–Fuller-type unit root tests against the explosive alternative have become popular in economics and finance for detecting asset price bubbles. This paper studies the size properties of fixed sample and recursive right-tailed Dickey–Fuller tests if the relevant series contains a unit root, but a structural break in the drift parameter occurs. It is shown that positive size distortion and therefore spurious rejections of the unit root null hypothesis in favour of the explosive alternative can be a problem for both types of test. Some possible solutions to this problem are briefly discussed.
Multi Body Analysis Of A Turbocharger Supported By A Fully Floating Ring Bearing
Authors: Knotek Jiří , Novotný Pavel , Maršálek Ondřej , Raffai Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper describes an advanced tool for turbocharger rotor dynamics analysis and its development. The hydrodynamic model of the journal bearing based on Reynolds equation is presented. The paper also describes assembly of the turbocharger rotor model. At the end the basic results are presented and analyzed.