bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the carbon flows in the benthic food webs of abyssal hill and plain habitats
Authors: Durden Jennifer M. , Ruhl Henry A. , Pebody Corinne , Blackbird Sabena J. , van Oevelen Dick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInputs of detritus from the surface ocean are an important driver of community dynamics in the deep sea. The assessment of the flow of carbon through the benthic food web gives insight into how the community is sustained, and its resilience to fluctuations in food supply. We used a linear inverse model to compare the carbon flow through the food webs on an abyssal hill and the nearby plain at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain sustained observatory (4850 m water depth; northeast Atlantic), to examine the partitioning of detrital input in these substantially different megafaunal communities. We found minimal variation in carbon flows at the plain over two years, but differences in the detrital inputs and in the processing of that carbon input between the hill and plain habitats. Suspension feeding dominated metazoan carbon processing on the hill, removing nearly all labile detritus input to the system. By contrast, half of all labile detritus was deposited and available for deposit feeders on the abyssal plain. This suggests that the biomass on the hill is dependent on a more variable carbon supply than the plain. The presence of millions of abyssal hills globally suggests that the high benthic biomass and respiration, and reduced deposition of detritus may be pervasive, albeit with varying intensity.
Recovering growth and grazing rates from nonlinear dilution experiments
Authors: Li Qian P. , Franks Peter J. S. , Landry Michael R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBiological rate measurements provide critical information for understanding key processes and modeling future states of marine ecosystems. Experimentally derived rates can be challenging to interpret when methodological assumptions are untested or potentially violated under variable natural conditions, such as the assumed linear grazing response of the dilution technique for estimating rates of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing impact. Here, we show that grazing nonlinearity can be related to the ratio of initial phytoplankton biomass to the half‐saturation parameter in the Holling II model, while not being affected by varying grazer biomass during dilution experiments. From this, we present theory to recover growth and grazing rates from multi‐treatment dilution experiments with nonlinear grazing results. We test our analyses with data collected during the California Current Ecosystem‐Long‐Term Ecological Research (CCE‐LTER) program. We show that using a linear regression in 2‐treatment dilution experiments may lead to underestimates of microzooplankton grazing rates, particularly in high‐phytoplankton‐biomass coastal regions where grazing can be saturated. Using the Holling II grazing model and a correction factor, growth and grazing rates from 2‐treatment experiments can also be estimated, as illustrated by application to Lagrangian water‐tracking studies of growth and grazing dynamics in the CCE.
Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylates with Cleavable Ketal Sites: Precursors for Cleavable PEG‐Hydrogels
Authors: Pohlit Hannah , Leibig Daniel , Frey Holger 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe authors introduce poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based macromonomers containing acid‐labile ketal moieties as well as terminal methacrylate units that are amenable to radical polymerization. The synthesis of PEGs of different molecular weights (ranging from 2000 to 13 000 g mol−1 with polydispersities <1.15) with a central ketal unit (PEG‐ketal‐diol) and their conversion to PEG‐ketal‐dimethacrylates (PEG‐ketal‐DMA) is introduced. Degradation rates of both PEG‐ketal‐diols and PEG‐ketal‐DMA are investigated by in situ 1H NMR kinetic studies in deuterated phosphate buffer. Hydrogels containing 0, 5, or 10 wt% of PEG‐ketal‐DMA and 100, 95, or 90 wt% of PEG‐DMA, respectively, are synthesized and disintegration of the gels is investigated in buffer at different pH values. Visible disintegration of the gels appears at pH 5 for hydrogels containing PEG‐ketal‐DMA, whereas no visible degradation is observed at all at neutral pH or for PEG hydrogels without PEG‐ketal‐DMA.
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Efficacy of environmental and acceptance‐based enhancements to behavioral weight loss treatment: The ENACT trial
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Forman Evan M. , Lowe Michael R. , Gorin Amy A. , Zhang Fengqing , Schaumberg Katherine 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis study was designed to compare weight loss through a traditional behavioral treatment (BT) approach that integrated skills for managing the obesogenic food environment (BT + E) with an approach that integrated environmental and acceptance‐based skills (BT + EA). Moderators were examined as an exploratory aim.MethodsAdults (N = 283) were randomly assigned to treatment condition and provided with 26 group‐based sessions over the course of 12 months. Weight was measured in the clinic at months 0, 6, and 12.ResultsChange in weight over time did not significantly differ by condition. However, race significantly moderated the effect of condition on weight loss (P = 0.04), such that African‐American participants lost less weight than non‐Hispanic white participants in the BT (6.2% vs. 11.5%) and BT + E conditions (6.6% vs. 12.2%), but weight loss in these two groups was similar in the BT + EA condition (9.4% vs. 11.5%). Among African Americans, rates of achieving a clinically significant weight loss (i.e., > 5%) at 12 months were higher in BT + EA (80%) than BT (57%) or BT + E (48%) (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis innovative behavioral approach shows promise for treatment of African Americans, which is notable given the lack of progress to date addressing racial disparities in obesity intervention efficacy.
Prenatal high‐fat diet alters placental morphology, nutrient transporter expression, and mtorc1 signaling in rat
Authors: Song Lin , Sun Bo , Boersma Gretha J. , Cordner Zachary A. , Yan Jianqun , Moran Timothy H. , Tamashiro Kellie L.K. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine how the rat placenta and fetus respond to maternal high‐fat (HF) diet during gestation and to identify the possible mechanisms.MethodsPregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed with standard chow (13.5% fat) or HF (60% fat) diet during gestation. Placentas were collected on gestation day 21.ResultsHF dams had greater fat mass, higher plasma leptin, lower plasma adiponectin, and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. The placental labyrinth thickness was reduced in both male and female fetuses of HF dams. In HF male placentas, glucose transporter 3 gene expression, system A amino acid transporter (SNAT) 2 gene expression, and SNAT2 protein expression were increased through the activation of the mTORC1 4EBP1 branch. In HF female placentas, gene expression of insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF2 receptor was elevated compared to placentas of females fed standard chow. Although male and female placentas responded differently to prenatal HF diet exposure, both male and female fetal weight was not altered by maternal HF diet.ConclusionsPlacenta responds and adapts to maternal metabolic changes by altering placental layer thickness, mTORC1 signaling, expression of nutrient transporters, and growth factors in a sex‐specific manner.
Size‐controllable synthesis of polymeric iodine‐carrying nanoparticles for medical CT imaging
Authors: Illert Patrick , Wängler Björn , Wängler Carmen , Röder Thorsten 
Published: March 2017

Iodine‐carrying nanopolymers with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 930 nm were synthesized by microemulsion polymerization. 2‐Methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5‐triiodobenzoate) was used as the monomer. Different surfactants were tested to control the particle size. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride were used as cationic surfactants, and sodium oleate and sodium dodecyl sulfate acted as anionic surfactants. The influences of various reaction parameters, e.g. the amount of surfactant, amount of initiator, and the reaction temperature, were investigated. The particle size was highly adjustable through variation of the reaction parameters. The particles were imaged with an atomic force microscope. In addition, particle workup for further medical application was explored. The particles provided good visible computer tomography contrast. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of chemotherapy‐induced toxicities and outcome in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Gupta Abha A. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Anderson James R. , Lyden Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda , Arndt Carola , Meyer William H. , Rosenberg Abby , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine whether adolescents with metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) or embryonal RMS (ERMS) had a different event‐free survival (EFS) compared with younger patients, and to identify treatment‐related factors (adverse events, AEs) that may be associated with differences in outcome.MethodsThe prevalence of AEs in adolescents older than 13 years was compared with that in patients less than or equal to 13 years of age (Fisher exact test) in patients enrolled onto ARST0431. EFS by age and histology was compared by log–rank test.ResultsOf 109 patients, 60 (55%) were older than 13 years; they were more likely to have nausea (17 vs. 4%, P = 0.06) and pain (20 vs. 6%, P = 0.05) compared with younger patients. Adolescents were less likely to complete therapy (63 vs. 76%) and more likely to have unplanned dose modifications outside of protocol guidelines (23 vs. 2.7%). The 3‐year EFS was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15–38) for adolescents compared with 46% (95% CI: 32–60) for those less than or equal to 13 years (P = 0.011). Forty‐two (59%) adolescents with ARMS had a 3‐year EFS of 13% (95% CI: 2–23) compared with 30% (95% CI: 10–51) for those less than or equal to 13 years (P = 0.032). EFS was comparable between older and younger patients with ERMS (64 vs. 55%, P = 0.53).ConclusionsAlthough there was a significant difference in EFS and protocol compliance by age, the differences in age‐related toxicity are unlikely to account for this. Observed differences in pain and nausea by age could be real or be dependent on patient reporting of symptoms. Future studies in RMS should include patient‐reported outcomes to better evaluate health‐related quality of life.
Severe transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Abusin Ghada A. , Abu‐Arja Rolla , Bajwa Rajinder P.S. , Horwitz Edwin M. , Auletta Jeffery J. , Rangarajan Hemalatha G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIncidence and severity of transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) in patients with hemoglobinopathies receiving hematopoietic cell transplant is unknown. We report the outcomes for two patients with TA‐TMA who received eculizumab. A 2.5‐year‐old male with sickle cell disease developed TA‐TMA‐associated pericardial tamponade, severe hypertension, and acute kidney injury 2 months after transplant. A 7‐year‐old female with β‐thalassemia major developed TA‐TMA‐related acute kidney injury, severe hypertension, and seizures at 6 months after transplant. Both patients progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with hemoglobinopathies, preexisting endothelial dysfunction may place them at a greater risk for TA‐TMA and subsequent CKD.
Interferon gamma and interleukin 10 polymorphisms in Chinese children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: An Qi , Hu Shao‐Yan , Xuan Cheng‐Min , Jin Ming‐Wei , Ji Qiang , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to investigate the association of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with the susceptibility of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Chinese children without known family history of HLH.ProcedureForty children with HLH and 160 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls from Xuzhou Children's Hospital were enrolled in the study. Serum IFN‐γ and IL‐10 levels were measured by enzyme linked‐immunosorbent assay. Polymorphisms of the IFN‐γ gene at position +874 and +2109, and IL‐10 at position –1082 were analyzed by allele‐specific PCR.ResultMedian serum concentrations of IFN ‐γ and IL‐10 were significantly higher in children with HLH compared to healthy controls. The frequencies of IFN‐γ +874 T/A and T/T genotypes, as well as T allele, were significantly higher in the HLH group compared with those in the control group. The frequencies of IL‐10 ‐1082 G/A genotype and G allele were significantly increased in HLH patients compared with healthy controls. No significant difference was found in the distribution of IFN‐γ +2109G/A genotypes between children with HLH and controls.ConclusionThis study presents preliminary evidence for the association between IFN +874 T/A, T/T, IL‐10 –1082 A/G genotypes, and HLH susceptibility in Chinese children with HLH.
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol‐graft‐hyperbranched glycerol)
Authors: King Peter A. , Khosravi Ezat , Musa Osama M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the first example of grafting hyperbranched polyglycerol onto poly(vinyl alcohol) via ring‐opening polymerisation of glycidol to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol‐graft‐hyperbranched glycerol) (P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)]). The effects of catalyst, molecular weight of PVA, reaction temperature, water content, moles of reagent, and addition time of reagent were also investigated. P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)] with various mole fractions of hPG were prepared and the degrees of substitution and branching were determined. P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)] displayed decreased degree of crystallinity and also increased solubility in water, compared to PVA. P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)] is shown to be a superior hair styling polymer with a curl retention value of 85% after 4 h. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3041–3047
Information needs and decision‐making preferences of older women offered a choice between surgery and primary endocrine therapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Burton Maria , Kilner Karen , Wyld Lynda , Lifford Kate Joanna , Gordon Frances , Allison Annabel , Reed Malcolm , Collins Karen Anna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo establish older women's (≥75 years) information preferences regarding 2 breast cancer treatment options: surgery plus adjuvant endocrine therapy versus primary endocrine therapy. To quantify women's preferences for the mode of information presentation and decision‐making (DM) style.MethodsThis was a UK multicentre survey of women, ≥75 years, who had been offered a choice between PET and surgery at diagnosis of breast cancer. A questionnaire was developed including 2 validated scales of decision regret and DM preferences.ResultsQuestionnaires were sent to 247 women, and 101 were returned (response rate 41%). The median age of participants was 82 (range 75 to 99), with 58 having had surgery and 37 having PET. Practical details about the impact, safety, and efficacy of treatment were of most interest to participants. Of least interest were cosmetic outcomes after surgery. Information provided verbally by doctors and nurses, supported by booklets, was preferred. There was little interest in technology‐based sources of information. There was equal preference for a patient‐ or doctor‐centred DM style and lower preference for a shared DM style. The majority (74%) experienced their preferred DM style. Levels of decision regret were low (15.73, scale 0‐100).ConclusionsWomen strongly preferred face to face information. Written formats were also helpful but not computer‐based resources. Information that was found helpful to women in the DM process was identified. The study demonstrates many women achieved their preferred DM style, with a preference for involvement, and expressed low levels of decision regret.
Mass spectral studies on 1‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)indole (JWH‐018), three deuterium‐labeled analogues and the inverse isomer 1‐naphthoyl‐3‐n‐pentylindole
Authors: Thaxton Amber , Belal Tarek S. , Smith Forrest , DeRuiter Jack , Abdel‐Hay Karim M. , Clark C. Randall 
Published: March 2017

RationaleA number of synthetic cannabinoids such as the 1‐alkyl‐3‐acylindoles are the target of significant designer drug activity. One of the first waves of these compounds identified in clandestine samples was 1‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)indole, JWH‐018. These totally synthetic molecules can be prepared in a number of regioisomeric forms.MethodsThe electron ionization mass spectrometric (EI‐MS) fragmentation of the 1‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)indole is compared to its inverse isomer 1‐naphthoyl‐3‐n‐pentylindole. These two substances are directly available from indole using identical precursor reagents and similar reaction conditions. Stable isotope deuterium labeling of the three major regions of the JWH‐018 molecule allows confirmation of the structures of the major fragment ions. The spectra for the 1‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)‐d5‐indole, 1‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐d7‐naphthoyl)indole and 1‐d11‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)indole provide significant assistance in elucidating the structures for the major fragment ions in JWH‐018.ResultsThe EI mass spectra for these isomers show a number of unique ions which allow for the differentiation of the 1‐alkyl‐3‐acylindole compounds from the inverse regioisomeric 1‐acyl‐3‐alkylindoles. The fragment ion [M–17]+ at m/z 324 for JWH‐018 was formed by the elimination of a hydroxyl radical and the spectra of the three deuterium‐labeled derivatives indicated the loss of hydrogen from the naphthalene ring. Further structural analogues suggest the hydrogen to come from the 8‐position of the naphthalene ring.ConclusionsThe three deuterium‐labeled analogues provide significant assistance in confirming the structures for the major fragment ions in the mass spectrum of the traditional synthetic cannabinoid compound, 1‐n‐pentyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)indole, JWH‐018. The 1‐naphthoyl‐3‐n‐pentylindole inverse regioisomer can be easily differentiated from the traditional synthetic cannabinoid compound. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of on‐line supercritical fluid extraction‐supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to analyze disease biomarkers in dried serum spots compared with serum analysis using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Suzuki Makoto , Nishiumi Shin , Kobayashi Takashi , Sakai Arata , Iwata Yosuke , Uchikata Takato , Izumi Yoshihiro , Azuma Takeshi , Bamba Takeshi , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: March 2017

RationaleThe analytical stability and throughput of biomarker assays based on dried serum spots (DSS) are strongly dependent on the extraction process and determination method. In the present study, an on‐line system based on supercritical fluid extraction‐supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (SFE‐SFC/MS/MS) was established for analyzing the levels of disease biomarkers in DSS.MethodsThe chromatographic conditions were investigated using the ODS‐EP, diol, and SIL‐100A columns. Then, we optimized the SFE‐SFC/MS/MS method using the diol column, focusing on candidate biomarkers of oral, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer that were identified using liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS.ResultsBy using this system, four hydrophilic metabolites and 17 hydrophobic metabolites were simultaneously detected within 15 min. In an experiment involving clinical samples, PC 16:0‐18:2/16:1‐18:1 exhibited 93.8% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity, whereas PC 17:1‐18:1/17:0‐18:2 showed 81.3% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity for detecting oral cancer. In addition, assessments of the creatine levels demonstrated 92.3% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity for detecting colorectal cancer.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that our method has great potential for clinical diagnosis and would be suitable for large‐scale screening. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fe/MCSAC catalysts surface modified with nitrogen DBD non‐thermal plasma for carbonyl sulfide catalytic hydrolysis activity enhancement
Authors: Liu Gui , Ning Ping , Lu Feng , Li Kai , Tang Lihong , Song Xin , Guo Huibin , Wang Chi 
Published: March 2017

The removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS or S=C=O) from gas streams over Fe/microwave coconut‐shell activated carbon (MCSAC) catalysts modified by dielectric barrier discharge non‐thermal plasma (NTP) were investigated. The properties of Fe/MCSAC catalysts modified by NTP in different conditions, included kinds of reactors, treatment times and input voltages. The surface properties were evaluated by means of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, Brunauer Emmett Teller, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods and theoretical calculation, which could help us understand the effects of the plasma treatment. The experiments results showed that the COS hydrolysis activities of Fe/MCSAC catalysts were largely enhanced after NTP modification. And the optimal reactor type, treatment time and input voltage were plate‐plate type, 10 min and 35 V, respectively. The catalytic activity enhanced effectually due to the improvement of active component's dispersion after NTP modification. In addition, the extended oxygen functional groups on NTP‐modified catalyst's surface could contribute to a higher activity for COS catalytic hydrolysis at low temperature. The investigation results indicate that non‐thermal plasma treatment is an effective way to manipulate catalyst surface properties for COS catalytic hydrolysis reaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can Fluorine form Halogen Bond? Investigation of Halogen Bonds through Steric Charge
Authors: Koohi Akram Mahmudi , Mahdavifar Zabiollah , Noorizadeh Siamak 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCalculated steric charges (
, where
is steric potential) on the molecular surfaces are used to investigate the non‐covalent interactions formed between some R−X molecules (R= NC, NCCC, CF3CC, FCC, CF3, CH3, and X=F, Cl, Br) and ammonia, water as well as formaldehyde. It is shown that the formation of halogen‐bonded complexes could be regarded as the interaction between a negative steric charge (steric potential depletion) on the surface of halogen atom and a positive steric charge (steric potential accumulation) region of an electron‐donor site. But the evaluated positive steric charges on the surface of fluorine atoms in R−F molecules predict no halogen bonds for these compounds. Therefore, it is suggested that the
interactions should be renamed to “fluorine bond”, instead of halogen bond. The evaluated steric charges also successfully determine both the strength and direction of halogen bonds for those cases in which the σ‐hole concept fails.
Linear σ‐Hole Bonding Dimers and Trimers Between Dihalogen Molecules XY (X, Y=Cl, Br) and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Yang Xing , Yan Chao‐Xian , Yang Fan , Zhou Da‐Gang , Zhou Pan‐Pan , Liu Shubin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntermolecular interactions between CO and dihalogen molecules XY (X, Y=Cl, Br) were investigated at MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level without and with counterpoise method, and single point calculations at CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level were performed. XY can interact with one or two CO to form linear σ‐hole bonding dimer or trimer. Their optimized geometries, stretching modes and interaction energies were investigated. The X⋅⋅⋅C (or Y⋅⋅⋅C) interaction is stronger and more competitive than X⋅⋅⋅O (or Y⋅⋅⋅O) interaction, so the OC⋅⋅⋅X−Y⋅⋅⋅CO complex is stronger and more competitive than the CO⋅⋅⋅X−Y⋅⋅⋅OC complex. The interaction strengths of trimeric complexes are dependent upon the property of XY, andthe anticooperative or diminutive effects were observed for them. Electrostatic interaction is the dominant net driving force for the formation of these dimers based on EDA analysis. The formation of two linear halogen bonds in each trimer was identified by bond paths and green circle isosurfaces appearing between the halogen and C (or O) atoms. The results would provide valuable insight into the competition and cooperativity of linear halogen bonds.