bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violet Laser Diode Enables Lighting Communication
Authors: Chi Yu-Chieh , Huang Yu-Fang , Wu Tsai-Chen , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Chen Li-Yin , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lin Gong-Ru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractViolet laser diode (VLD) based white-light source with high color rendering index (CRI) for lighting communication is implemented by covering with Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) or Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+/CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu) phosphorous diffuser plates. After passing the beam of VLD biased at 70 mA (~2I
th
) through the YAG:Ce phosphorous diffuser, a daylight with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5068 K and a CRI of 65 is acquired to provide a forward error correction (FEC) certified data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. By using the VLD biased at 122 mA (~3.5I
th
) to excite the LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu phosphorous diffuser with 0.85-mm thickness, a warm white-light source with a CCT of 2700 K and a CRI of 87.9 is obtained at a cost of decreasing transmission capacity to 2.4 Gbit/s. Thinning the phosphor thickness to 0.75 mm effectively reduces the required bias current by 32 mA to achieve the same CCT for the delivered white light, which offers an enlarged CRI of 89.1 and an increased data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. Further enlarging the bias current to 105 mA remains the white-light transmission capacity at 4.4 Gbit/s but reveals an increased CCT of 3023 K and an upgraded CRI of 91.5.
Relation between characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and brain white matter hyperintensities in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Ammirati Enrico , Moroni Francesco , Magnoni Marco , Rocca Maria A. , Messina Roberta , Anzalone Nicoletta , De Filippis Costantino , Scotti Isabella , Besana Francesca , Spagnolo Pietro , Rimoldi Ornella E. , Chiesa Roberto , Falini Andrea , Filippi Massimo , Camici Paolo G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) can be incidentally found in patients with carotid atherosclerosis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated the relationship between WMH and characteristics of carotid plaques in asymptomatic patients without indication for carotid revascularization. We prospectively screened 235 consecutive patients with carotid stenosis <70%. After excluding patients with confounding causes of cerebral damage, 67 asymptomatic patients underwent carotid computed tomography angiography (CTA), contrast-enhanced ultrasound and brain MRI. Number and quantitative measurement of volume of WMH were associated with history of resistant hypertension, degree of stenosis (Doppler) and presence of an ulcerated plaque at CTA (p < 0.05). At multivariate regression analysis, resistant hypertension was independently associated with both number and volume of WMH, presence of an ulcer with number of WMH and degree of stenosis with WMH volume (p < 0.05), although WMH were equally distributed in both hemispheres irrespectively of plaque side. In conclusion, in asymptomatic patients with carotid plaques <70%, a higher burden of WMHs is associated with history of resistant hypertension that could be the expression of microvascular damage. Stenosis severity and presence of plaque ulceration are also associated with WMH burden although their causative relation is not supported by the bilateral distribution of WMH.
Glucosyltransferase Activity of Clostridium difficile Toxin B Triggers Autophagy-mediated Cell Growth Arrest
Authors: He Ruina , Peng Jingyu , Yuan Pengfei , Yang Junjiao , Wu Xiaoji , Wang Yinan , Wei Wensheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAutophagy is a bulk cell-degradation process that occurs through the lysosomal machinery, and many reports have shown that it participates in microbial pathogenicity. However, the role of autophagy in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), the leading cause of antibiotics-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis and even death in severe cases, is not clear. Here we report that the major virulent factor toxin B (TcdB) of Clostridium difficile elicits a strong autophagy response in host cells through its glucosyltransferase activity. Using a variety of autophagy-deficient cell lines, i.e. HeLa/ATG7−/−, MEF/atg7−/−, MEF/tsc2−/−, we demonstrate that toxin-triggered autophagy inhibits host cell proliferation, which contributes to TcdB-caused cytopathic biological effects. We further show that both the PI3K complex and mTOR pathway play important roles in this autophagy induction process and consequent cytopathic event. Although the glucosyltransferase activity of TcdB is responsible for inducing both cell rounding and autophagy, there is no evidence suggesting the causal relationship between these two events. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that the glucosyltransferase enzymatic activity of a pathogenic bacteria is responsible for host autophagy induction and the following cell growth arrest, providing a new paradigm for the role of autophagy in host defense mechanisms upon pathogenic infection.
The Exchange Bias of LaMnO3/LaNiO3 Superlattices Grown along Different Orientations
Authors: Zang Julu , Zhou Guowei , Bai Yuhao , Quan Zhiyong , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWith the goal of observing and explaining the unexpected exchange bias effect in paramagnetic LaNiO3-based superlattices, a wide range of theoretical and experimental research has been published. Within the scope of this work, we have grown high-quality epitaxial LaMnO3(n)-LaNiO3(n) (LMO/LNO) superlattices (SLs) along (001)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates. The exchange bias effect is observed in all cases, regardless of growth orientation of the LMO/LNO SLs. As a result of a combination of a number of synchrotron based x-ray spectroscopy measurements, this effect is attributed to the interfacial charge transfer from Mn to Ni ions that induces localized magnetic moments to pin the ferromagnetic LMO layer. The interaction per area between interfacial Mn and Ni ions is nearly consistent and has no effect on charge transfer for different orientations. The discrepant charge transfer and orbital occupancy can be responsible for the different magnetic properties in LMO/LNO superlattices. Our experimental results present a promising advancement in understanding the origin of magnetic properties along different directions in these materials.
Understanding Hearing and Hearing Loss in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Nightengale Emily , Yoon Patricia , Wolter-Warmerdam Kristy , Daniels Dee , Hickey Fran 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis study evaluated the prevalence of permanent and transient hearing loss, the use of hearing aids as a recommendation, and middle ear dysfunction in children with Down syndrome (DS) through a large multiage and ethnically diverse sample, using current audiologic testing practices.MethodRetrospective analysis of data collected on 308 children with DS (168 boys, 140 girls; average age = 5.99 ± 4.88 years) who received an audiological evaluation during 2013 as part of their medical care at a large pediatric hospital.ResultsPermanent hearing loss was identified in 24.9% of the children, among whom bilateral (75.4%) and conductive (33.3%) hearing losses occurred most often. Of children with DS, 22%–30% experienced a transient hearing loss, with a high incidence of middle ear pathologies from infancy until early adulthood. There were no statistical differences between ethnicity and permanent/transient hearing loss diagnosis. Twenty-three percent were current hearing aid users or had them recommended in a treatment plan.ConclusionsThe prevalence of hearing loss and abnormal middle ear status is high in the pediatric population with DS. Audiologic evaluations should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics practice guidelines to monitor this high-risk population, and amplification should be considered as an appropriate intervention option if repeated audiologic examinations reveal hearing loss.
Psychometrische Überprüfung des Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) in unterschiedlichen Versorgungssettings
Authors: Nübling Rüdiger , Kraft Maria , Henn Jessica , Kriz David , Lutz Wolfgang , Schmidt Jürgen , Wittmann Werner , Bassler Markus 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der von Luborsky entwickelte HAQ wurde Mitte der 1990er Jahre von Bassler et al. ins Deutsche übersetzt und erstmals testmethodisch untersucht. Er besteht aus 11 Items, die zu den Skalen „Beziehungszufriedenheit“ und „Erfolgszufriedenheit“ zusammengefasst werden. Mittlerweile gehört er zu den international am häufigsten eingesetzten Instrumenten zur Messung der psychotherapeutischen Arbeitsallianz. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist ein Update der psychometrischen Prüfung anhand dreier großer Stichproben in unterschiedlichen Behandlungssettings.
Material und Methoden Es fand eine testmethodische Untersuchung unter Differenzierung des Settings und der Messzeitpunkte statt. Die Quellen: 2 Studien aus dem Bereich der stationären psychosomatischen Rehabilitation (n=655, n=2494) und eine Studie aus dem Bereich der ambulanten Psychotherapie (n=1477). Die faktorielle Struktur des HAQ wurde mit explorativen Faktorenanalysen ermittelt und konfirmatorisch überprüft. Ergänzend wurden Reliabilitäts- und Validitätsanalysen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die bisherige 2-faktorielle Struktur des Instruments wurde bestätigt, sie wird zum Behandlungsende stabiler. Items 2 und 3 luden inkonsistent auf verschiedene Skalen in Abhängigkeit von Messzeitpunkt und Studie. Die Reliabilitäts- und Validitätsanalysen ergaben zufriedenstellende bis gute Werte in allen Bereichen. Der Fit des Modells hingegen war weniger befriedigend und legt eine Lösung ohne die beiden Items 2 und 3 nahe. Aus inhaltlichen Gründen sowie aus Gründen der Verbreitung wird dafür plädiert, die bisherigen Itemzuordnungen im HAQ vorerst beizubehalten.
Evidence for complex life cycle constraints on salamander body form diversification
Authors: Bonett Ronald M. , Blair Andrea L. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceComplex life cycle evolution promotes phenotypic discontinuities across ontogeny, but adaptations for one stage may compromise evolution to another stage. Ancestral salamanders likely had a complex aquatic-to-terrestrial life cycle and a basic tetrapod body form. We show that permanent simplifications to aquatic-only or terrestrial-only life cycles have resulted in accelerated rates of salamander body form evolution. However, rate increases have been dramatically higher after loss of the terrestrial stage than after loss of the aquatic stage, suggesting that constraints can be stage-specific. This study provides an example of how long-term shifts in life cycle complexity can alter rates of evolution and play a significant role in shaping phenotypic distributions.
Addressing the crisis in curriculum studies: curriculum integration that bridges issues of identity and knowledge
Authors: Garcia-Huidobro Juan Cristobal 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTMany people from non‐dominant backgrounds or believers from various religions want their children to acquire the best modern knowledge and to remain open to their home cultures and beliefs. However, this double aspiration poses complex challenges, and most scholars have either stressed the importance of addressing identity (and diversity) issues, or claimed that the key is to give everyone access to powerful knowledge. Beginning from curriculum studies’ alleged crisis and its relation to this dichotomy, this paper suggests that bridging concern for diverse identities and access to powerful knowledge implies devising curricula that allow for issues that are transversal to the disciplines without collapsing the boundaries between them. Since this has been generally difficult to develop, the paper reflects on the kind of curriculum integration that is needed, arriving at the idea of interstitial curriculum or connective tissue amid the disciplines. Subsequently, unique features of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) are presented to exemplify these curricular interstices, and how they help to deal with the epistemological challenges posed by the initially mentioned double aspiration of many families at present.
Orbits of polynomial dynamical systems modulo primes
Authors: Chang Mei-Chu , D’Andrea Carlos , Ostafe Alina , Shparlinski Igor , Sombra Martín 
Published: August 2017

We present lower bounds for the orbit length of reduction modulo primes of parametric polynomial dynamical systems defined over the integers, under a suitable hypothesis on its set of preperiodic points over

C

\mathbb {C}

. Applying recent results of Baker and DeMarco (2011) and of Ghioca, Krieger, Nguyen and Ye (2017), we obtain explicit families of parametric polynomials and initial points such that the reductions modulo primes have long orbits, for all but a finite number of values of the parameters. This generalizes a previous lower bound due to Chang (2015). As a by-product, we also slightly improve a result of Silverman (2008) and recover a result of Akbary and Ghioca (2009) as special extreme cases of our estimates.
Multicentric evaluation of the impact of central tumour location when comparing rates of N1 upstaging in patients undergoing video-assisted and open surgery for clinical Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer†
Authors: Decaluwé Herbert , Petersen René Horsleben , Brunelli Alex , Pompili Cecilia , Seguin-Givelet Agathe , Gust Lucile , Aigner Clemens , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Rinieri Philippe , Augustin Florian , Sokolow Youri , Verhagen Ad , Depypere Lieven , Papagiannopoulos Kostas , Gossot Dominique , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Guerrera Francesco , Baste Jean-Marc , Schmid Thomas , Stanzi Alessia , Van Raemdonck Dirk , Bardet Jeremy , Thomas Pascal-Alexandre , Massard Gilbert , Fieuws Steffen , Moons Johnny , Dooms Christophe , De Leyn Paul , Hansen Henrik Jessen ,   on behalf of the MITIG-ESTS
Published: August 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Large retrospective series have indicated lower rates of cN0 to pN1 nodal upstaging after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) compared with open resections for Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of our multicentre study was to investigate whether the presumed lower rate of N1 upstaging after VATS disappears after correction for central tumour location in a multivariable analysis.

METHODS
Consecutive patients operated for PET-CT based clinical Stage I NSCLC were selected from prospectively managed surgical databases in 11 European centres. Central tumour location was defined as contact with bronchovascular structures on computer tomography and/or visibility on standard bronchoscopy.

RESULTS
Eight hundred and ninety-five patients underwent pulmonary resection by VATS (n = 699, 9% conversions) or an open technique (n = 196) in 2014. Incidence of nodal pN1 and pN2 upstaging was 8% and 7% after VATS and 15% and 6% after open surgery, respectively. pN1 was found in 27% of patients with central tumours. Less central tumours were operated on by VATS compared with the open technique (12% vs 28%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that only tumour location had a significant impact on N1 upstaging (OR 6.2, confidence interval 3.6–10.8; P < 0.001) and that the effect of surgical technique (VATS versus open surgery) was no longer significant when accounting for tumour location.

CONCLUSIONS
A quarter of patients with central clinical Stage I NSCLC was upstaged to pN1 at resection. Central tumour location was the only independent factor associated with N1 upstaging, undermining the evidence for lower N1 upstaging after VATS resections. Studies investigating N1 upstaging after VATS compared with open surgery should be interpreted with caution due to possible selection bias, i.e. relatively more central tumours in the open group with a higher chance of N1 upstaging.
Long-read sequencing of the coffee bean transcriptome reveals the diversity of full-length transcripts
Authors: Cheng Bing , Furtado Agnelo , Henry Robert J 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Polyploidization contributes to the complexity of gene expression, resulting in numerous related but different transcripts. This study explored the transcriptome diversity and complexity of the tetraploid Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) bean. Long-read sequencing (LRS) by Pacbio Isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) was used to obtain full-length transcripts without the difficulty and uncertainty of assembly required for reads from short-read technologies. The tetraploid transcriptome was annotated and compared with data from the sub-genome progenitors. Caffeine and sucrose genes were targeted for case analysis. An isoform-level tetraploid coffee bean reference transcriptome with 95 995 distinct transcripts (average 3236 bp) was obtained. A total of 88 715 sequences (92.42%) were annotated with BLASTx against NCBI non-redundant plant proteins, including 34 719 high-quality annotations. Further BLASTn analysis against NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequences, Coffea canephora coding sequences with UTR, C. arabica ESTs, and Rfam resulted in 1213 sequences without hits, were potential novel genes in coffee. Longer UTRs were captured, especially in the 5΄UTRs, facilitating the identification of upstream open reading frames. The LRS also revealed more and longer transcript variants in key caffeine and sucrose metabolism genes from this polyploid genome. Long sequences (&gt;10 kilo base) were poorly annotated. LRS technology shows the limitation of previous studies. It provides an important tool to produce a reference transcriptome including more of the diversity of full-length transcripts to help understand the biology and support the genetic improvement of polyploid species such as coffee.
Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus in Children: A Retrospective Study in 42 Pediatric Hospitals Using the Pediatric Health Information System
Authors: Bonow Robert H , Oron Assaf P , Hanak Brian W , Browd Samuel R , Chesnut Randall M , Ellenbogen Richard G , Vavilala Monica S , Rivara Frederick P 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a potentially treatable cause of poor recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) that remains poorly understood, particularly among children.

OBJECTIVE
To better understand the risk factors for pediatric PTH using a large, multi-institutional database.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from 42 pediatric hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System. All patients ≤21 yr surviving a hospitalization with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for TBI were identified. The primary outcome was PTH, defined by an ICD-9-CM procedure code for surgical management of hydrocephalus within 6 mo. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
We identified 91 583 patients ≤21 yr with TBI, 846 of whom developed PTH. Odds of PTH were significantly higher in children <1 yr compared to older age groups. A total of 48.7% of PTH cases were victims of abuse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.16-3.18). PTH was more common after craniotomy (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.30-1.97). Craniectomy without early cranioplasty was associated with markedly increased odds of PTH (aOR 3.67, 95% CI 2.66-5.07), an effect not seen in those undergoing cranioplasty within 30 d (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 0.75-1.89).

CONCLUSION
PTH was seen in 0.9% of children who sustained a TBI and was more common in those <1 yr. Severe injury, abuse, and craniectomy with delayed cranioplasty were associated with greatly increased likelihood of PTH. Early cranioplasty in children who require craniectomy may reduce the risk for PTH.
Unsupervised Learning of Spatiotemporal Interictal Discharges in Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Baud Maxime O , Kleen Jonathan K , Anumanchipalli Gopala K , Hamilton Liberty S , Tan Yee-Leng , Knowlton Robert , Chang Edward F 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Interictal epileptiform discharges are an important biomarker for localization of focal epilepsy, especially in patients who undergo chronic intracranial monitoring. Manual detection of these pathophysiological events is cumbersome, but is still superior to current rule-based approaches in most automated algorithms.

OBJECTIVE
To develop an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm for the improved, automated detection and localization of interictal epileptiform discharges based on spatiotemporal pattern recognition.

METHODS
We decomposed 24 h of intracranial electroencephalography signals into basis functions and activation vectors using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF). Thresholding the activation vector and the basis function of interest detected interictal epileptiform discharges in time and space (specific electrodes), respectively. We used convolutive NNMF, a refined algorithm, to add a temporal dimension to basis functions.

RESULTS
The receiver operating characteristics for NNMF-based detection are close to the gold standard of human visual-based detection and superior to currently available alternative automated approaches (93% sensitivity and 97% specificity). The algorithm successfully identified thousands of interictal epileptiform discharges across a full day of neurophysiological recording and accurately summarized their localization into a single map. Adding a temporal window allowed for visualization of the archetypal propagation network of these epileptiform discharges.

CONCLUSION
Unsupervised learning offers a powerful approach towards automated identification of recurrent pathological neurophysiological signals, which may have important implications for precise, quantitative, and individualized evaluation of focal epilepsy.
Brain tumor research in the United Kingdom: current perspective and future challenges. A strategy document from the NCRI Brain Tumor CSG
Authors: Kurian Kathreena M , Jenkinson Michael D , Brennan Paul M , Grant Robin , Jefferies Sarah , Rooney Alasdair G , Bulbeck Helen , Erridge Sara C , Mills Samantha , McBain Catherine , McCabe Martin G , Price Stephen J , Marino Silvia , Moyes Erica , Qian Wendy , Waldman Adam , Vaqas Babar , Keatley Debbie , Burchill Peter , Watts Colin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) is a partnership of charity and government research funders whose purpose is to improve health and quality of life by accelerating progress in cancer-related research through collaboration. Under this umbrella, the NCRI Brain Tumor Clinical Studies Group is focused on improving clinical outcomes for adult patients with brain and central nervous system tumors, including those with brain metastasis from other primary sites. This document discusses the current state of clinical brain tumor research in the United Kingdom and the challenges to increasing study and trial opportunities for patients. The clinical research priorities are defined along with a strategy to strengthen the existing brain tumor research network, improve access to tissue and imaging and to develop the future leadership for brain tumor research in the United Kingdom. This strategy document may serve as a framework for other organizations and countries.
X-ray upper limits of GW150914 with MAXI
Authors: Kawai Nobuyuki , Negoro Hitoshi , Serino Motoko , Mihara Tatehiro , Tanaka Kazuki , Masumitsu Takahiro , Nakahira Satoshi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We searched for X-ray candidates for the gravitational wave (GW) event GW150914 with Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI). MAXI observed the error region of the GW event GW150914 from 4 min after the event and covered about 90% of the error region in 25 min. No significant time variations on timescales of 1 s to 4 d were found in the GW error region. The 3 σ upper limits for the X-ray emission associated with the GW event in 2–20 keV were 9.5 × 10−10, 2.3 × 10−10, and 0.8 × 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1 for the time scales of ∼1000 s, 1 d, and 10 d, respectively. If GW events are associated with short gamma-ray bursts like GRB 050709, MAXI will be able to detect X-ray emissions from the source.