bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Empire: Alfred Russel Wallace and Dutch Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Authors: Clement Mark 
Published: February 2016

While Alfred Russel Wallace is sometimes remembered for his sympathy for ‘savages’, it has also been observed that he was closely associated with European colonial regimes during his long stint of fieldwork in Southeast Asia (1854–62). Moreover, it has been argued that as one of the first scientists to extend natural selection to humans following his return to Britain he acquiesced in the extinction of primitive peoples. This article examines in detail for the first time the development of Wallace's admiration for the Dutch Cultivation System, which combined paternalistic administration with a government monopoly over the production of cash crops. While travelling through the archipelago Wallace encountered numerous examples of Indo-Dutch creole culture and he himself made significant lifestyle adaptations to local practices. When he first observed the Cultivation System in the Minahasa region of northern Sulawesi Wallace experienced an epiphany as he witnessed the rapid progress towards ‘civilization’ made by former ‘savages’. This, he attributed to the Dutch system, which he believed to be well adapted to the principles of human mental and moral development. In advocating the Dutch model as a preferable alternative to British free trade and neglect of its civilising mission in India, Australia, and elsewhere, Wallace hoped not only to arrest the decline of primitive societies but also to promote the ultimate uniting of humankind in a single race. In the context of debates over human evolution, slavery, race, and imperial policy in Britain in the 1860s, this was an unusual and radical stance, which challenges simplistic representations of Wallace as a supporter of empire around mid-century who moved towards anti-imperialism in the late Victorian period.
Effects of virus infection on pollen production and pollen performance: Implications for the spread of resistance alleles
Authors: Harth Jacquelyn E. , Winsor James A. , Weakland Danelle R. , Nowak Kayla J. , Ferrari Matthew J. , Stephenson Andrew G. 
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF STUDY:Studies over the past 25 years have shown that environmental stresses adversely affect male function, including pollen production and pollen performance (germination and pollen tube growth rate). Consequently, genetic variation among plants in resistance to a stress has the potential to impact pollen donation to conspecifics and, if deposited onto a stigma, the ability of the pollen to achieve fertilization. We examined the effects of a nonlethal virus epidemic on pollen production and pollen performance in a population of susceptible and resistant (transgenic) wild squash (Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana).METHODS:We grew 135 susceptible and 45 virus‐resistant wild squash plants in each of two 0.4‐ha fields, initiated a zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) epidemic, and recorded staminate and pistillate flower production per plant over the field season and the total number of mature fruit. We also assessed pollen production per flower on ZYMV‐infected and non‐infected plants and the ability of pollen from flowers on infected and non‐infected plants to achieve fertilization under competitive conditions.KEY RESULTS:ZYMV infection reduced flower and fruit production per plant and pollen production per flower. Pollen from infected plants was also less likely to sire a seed under competitive conditions.CONCLUSIONS:ZYMV infection adversely impacts the amount of pollen that can be donated to conspecifics, and pollen competition within the styles increases the probability that the ovules are fertilized by pollen from plants that are thriving when challenged by a viral disease.
Pollen competition in style: Effects of pollen size on siring success in the hermaphroditic common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea
Authors: McCallum Britnie , Chang Shu‐Mei 
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Pollen size varies greatly among flowering plant species and has been shown to influence the delivery of sperm cells to the eggs. Relatively little is known, however, about the functional significance of within‐species genetic variation in pollen size. This study tests whether pollen size influences the relative siring success of a pollen donor during in vivo pollen competition experiments.METHODS:We used two groups of Ipomoea purpurea plants genetically divergent in their pollen sizes and applied equal number of pollen grains from one large‐pollen and one small‐pollen donor onto the same stigma. Using microsatellite genetic markers, we identified the pollen parent of each of the resulting progeny to determine the relative siring success of the competing donors. Competitions between donors of equal‐sized pollen served as a control.KEY RESULTS:Differences in pollen size significantly affected the relative siring success of a pollen donor; larger‐grained individuals outcompeted smaller‐grained competitors but not equal‐sized competitors. Relative siring success, however, sometimes varied across different pollen recipients.CONCLUSIONS:Pollen size can influence the relative siring success of different individuals competing on the same stigma during postpollination processes. However, other factors, such as pollen–pistil interaction and environmental conditions, are likely to influence these competitions as well.
Borges y Calvino: La genesis de la novela Si una noche de invierno un viajero
Authors: Štoka Tea 
Published: February 2016

El crítico italiano Cesare Segre1 adscribe la génesis de la novela de Calvino Si una noche de invierno un viajero al cuento de Borges Examen de la obra de Herbert Quain, que figura entre los trece cuentos de Ficciones (1944). En este cuento, Borges describe, analiza y comenta las novelas de Herbert Quain inventadas como si fueran obras literarias reales. Las emplaza al mismo nivel de realidad que las obras dramáticas de Shakespeare, las novelas de Henry James y Gustavo Flaubert.
Algunas imágenes del otro en la literatura antigua eslovena o qué tienen que ver los españoles con los turcos
Authors: Pregelj Barbara 
Published: February 2016

El carácter de toda la sociedad en el territorio esloveno entre los siglos IX y XVI –y sobre todo de los siglos XV y XVI– está fuertemente marcado por los constantes ataques de los turcos y por la organización de la defensa contra ellos.2 No es de extrañar, entonces, que la referencia a los turcos1 sea un tema constante de la literatura eslovena antigua, en la que la imagen de los turcos la mayoría de las veces está asociada al miedo, a la pobreza, a la ignorancia, a los secuestros y a la muerte. Pero los hechos históricos en distintas épocas provocaban distintas interpretaciones. Para ilustrarlos, en este artículo recurro a tres poemas diferentes para trazar la imagen del Otro –los árabes y los turcos, en concreto– en dos épocas distintas de la literatura antigua eslovena: en la Edad Media y en el Renacimiento.
El funeral de José Ángel Valente y el valor de silencio
Authors: Calvo Rodríguez José Andrés 
Published: February 2016

En la poesía de Valente, la discrepancia entre el significante y el significado se oculta por el signo en su función comunicadora, pero en su labor de conocimiento, el signo se vacía de sí mismo para servirse de la inadecuación entre el decir y el significar con el objetivo de liberar el sentido de los márgenes –límites– establecidos por la mitología implícita de los discursos críticos.1 En este sentido, se ha postulado una zona «crítica» de vacuidad en la que el signo poético se puede liberar de la prioridad negativa de la catacresis -estructura de «crisis»– y abrirse a un caudal incontenible de significados, que la crítica literaria ha identificado como una cualidad de inefabilidad o de ininteligibilidad del lenguaje, que es ajena a éste, pero que es característica de la propia crítica literaria; y que, proyectada sobre lo poético, pretende disimular su mentira.
Manipulação de informações contábeis no setor público brasileiro: evidências em dez casos pesquisados
Authors: Costa Giovanni P.C. Lustosa da , Gartner Ivan Ricardo 
Published: February 2016

<p>http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2015v12n26p141</p><p>A manipulação de informações contábeis é prática reconhecida em instituições públicas e privadas, embora sua evidenciação não seja simples. Este estudo tem o objetivo de evidenciar a ocorrência da manipulação contábil no setor público brasileiro e de analisar os possíveis impactos de tais práticas. O estudo utilizou a metodologia de análise de estudos de casos múltiplos, com foco na análise de dez situações de manipulação contábil, e apontou que a manipulação reflete as relações entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo, bem como as relações Governo-Sociedade; Governo-Investidores; Governo-Setores Econômicos; e Governo-Estatais. </p>
Examining the fixation kinetics of chelated and non-chelated copper and the applications to micronutrient management in semiarid alkaline soils
Authors: Udeigwe T. K. , Eichmann M. B. , Menkiti M. C. , Kusi N. Y. O. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study examined and compared the fixation and fixation kinetics of copper (Cu) in chelated (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA) and non-chelated mixed systems of micronutrients in the semiarid soils of the Southern High Plains, USA, using findings from Cu extraction studies and kinetic models. Approximately, 22 % more Cu was fixed in the non-chelated system compared to the chelated within the first 14 days with only 7 % difference between the two systems by day 90. Findings suggest a decrease in the effectiveness of chelated micronutrients over time, highlighting the significance of timing even when chelated micronutrients are used. The strengths of the relationship of change in available Cu with respect to other micronutrients (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)) were higher in the non-chelated system (R2: 0.68–0.94), compared to the chelated (R2: 0.42–0.81), with slopes of 0.40 (Cu–Fe), 0.31 (Cu–Mn), and 1.04 (Cu–Zn) in the non-chelated system and 0.26 (Cu–Fe), 0.22 (Cu–Mn), and 0.90 (Cu–Zn) in the chelated system. Reduction in the amount of available Cu was best described by the power function model (R2 =  0.91, SE  =  0.081) in the non-chelated system and second-order model (R2 =  0.95, SE  =  0.010) in the chelated system. The applications generated from this study could be used as tools for improved micronutrient management and also provide baseline data for future work in other semiarid/arid alkaline soils of the world. Findings are also more applicable to field settings, an improvement over related previous studies.
Programming Environments and System Development Environments
Authors: Sørgaard Pål 
Published: February 2016

This report discusses the nature of programming environments and system development environments under the common term development environments. Five dimensions for the characterisation of development environments are identified. These are: <p> </p><ul><li> the system development functions supported, </li><li> the kind(s) of work supported, </li><li> the suitability for prototyping, </li><li> the application area, and </li><li> the technical properties of the environments. </li></ul> These dimensions are not independent. Some schools or traditions within this field are identified using these dimensions. <p>It is argued that computer support can be provided for all system development functions. Care must be taken, however, to allow for the necessary interplay between the different system development functions. Technical properties like integration, incrementality, and tailorability may support this interplay. They may also lead to a change in the role of programming in system development. Programming will become more integrated in all parts of system development. This will make the classical division of work between analyst and programmers less obvious.</p>
Optimal detection of query injectivity
Authors: Schwartzbach Michael I. , Larsen Kim Skak 
Published: February 2016

<p>Most unary relational database operators can be described through functions from tuples to tuples. Injectivity of the specified function ensures that no duplicates are created in the relational result. This normally reduces the complexity of the query from O(r log r) to O(r), where r is the number of tuples in the argument relation.</p><p> </p><p>We consider functions obtained as terms over a general signature. The semantic properties of the operators are specified by Horn clauses generalizing functional dependencies. Relative to such specifications, we present an optimal algorithm for detecting injectivity of unary queries. The complexity of this algorithm is linear in the size of the query.</p><p> </p><p>It turns out that relational functional dependencies are very easily incorporated into this framework. As a further result, we provide a Horn clause characterization of the functional dependencies that can be propagated to the result relation.</p>
Fibrations, Logical Predicates and Indeterminates
Authors: Hermida Claudio Alberto 
Published: February 2016

<p>Within the framework of categorical logic/type theory, we provide a category-theoretic account of some logical concepts, i.e. first-order logical predicates for simply typed lambda-calculus, structural induction for inductive data types, and indeterminates for polymorphic calculi.</p><p> </p><p>The main concept which underlies the issues above is that of fibration, which gives an abstract presentation of the indexing present in all cases: predicates indexed by types/contexts in first-order logic and types indexed by kinds in polymorphic calculi.</p><p>The characterisation of the logical concepts in terms of fibrations relies on a fundamental property of adjunctions between fibrations, which in particular relates some structure in the total category of a fibration with that of the fibres. Suitable instances of this property reflect the above-mentioned logical concepts in an abstract way, independently of their syntactic presentation, thereby illuminating their main features.</p>
Fostering Inter-Departmental Institutional Memory in the Nonprofit Sector: Borrowing Microtransaction Knowledge Strategies from a Successful U.S. Restaurant Chain
Authors: Gunning Sarah K. 
Published: February 2016

<p>The purpose of this paper is to describe practices used for knowledge storing, sharing, and gathering across a shift-based organization where narratives may not overlap among other employees. The paper uses a case study to identify nine best practices used in a successful, family-owned chain restaurant in the southern United States, and illustrate how those practices might be useful in a nonprofit organization. These practices include consistent training procedures, routine plans for mundane work, cross-cultural/departmental communication strategies, staggered cross-staff notifications, visual conveyance of information, shift reports, and weekly management meetings.</p><p>While the connection between a restaurant and a nonprofit organization may not seem readily apparent, a U.S. survey of fundraisers (n = 580) revealed the two industries have many traits in common. Both industries struggle with employee turnover, work with time-sensitive materials that require rapid turnaround, and act in highly competitive markets. I argue that the nonprofit sector may benefit from the procedures that this restaurant had in place to share the outcomes of their accomplishments and failures, and that a restaurant shift serves as a hyper-speed version of daily processes found in any organization, and that outcomes may be more readily observed due to the nature and number of events that occur between the business’s open and close. This paper aims to provide suggestion for issues of handling employee training amidst turnover, creating usable institutional memory, and building interpersonal trust among employees. </p>
Vers un modèle d’apprentissage réflexif. Recueil de traces d’apprentissage formulées dans les log books des stagiaires en médecine
Authors: Vierset Viviane 
Published: February 2016

En faculté de médecine de Liège, les étudiants de 3e master en médecine parcourent différents lieux de formation clinique pour intégrer des apprentissages au sein des départements de spécialisations médicales. Depuis l’année académique 2008-2009, un dispositif pédagogique réflexif (Vierset, 2015) est installé au département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique (G-O) pour accompagner les apprentissages des stagiaires lors de leur parcours clinique. La question posée dans cet article est la suivante : comment se manifeste la posture réflexive dans leslog booksdes stagiaires et quelles formes prend-elle dans les traces formulées par les stagiaires? Autrement dit : que nous disent les traces récoltées à ce propos? La méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE) (Corbin & Strauss, 2014; Glaser, 1965, 1978, 1992; Glaser & Strauss, 1967/2010; Guillemette, 2006; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2012) propose une analyse compréhensive et interprétative des données. Les données (dans ce cas, des écrits des stagiaires) sont soumises, les unes après les autres, à une circularité d’analyses multiples afin d’identifier les liens conceptuels qui se construisent entre elles tout en les comparant progressivement les unes aux autres. Ce processus a permis l’émergence de catégories conceptuelles, à la fois enracinées dans le vécu des acteurs de terrain et théorisables (Glaser, 1965), dans le sens où le chercheur les organise petit à petit en une théorie émergeant des données recueillies. Le résultat est présenté sous la forme d’une modélisation des postures réflexives adoptées par les stagiaires qui dessine les différents axes de réflexivité avec leurs seuils menant à lac-ré-action(Vierset, 2015) d’une nouvelle professionnalité ancrée dans une dynamique en changement.
Vedic -ya-presents: Passives and Intransitivity in Old Indo-Aryan. By Leonid Kulikov
Authors: Holland Gary B. 
Published: February 2016

The Vedic -ya-presents: Passives and Intransitivity in Old Indo-Aryan. By Leonid Kulikov. Leiden
Studies in Indo-European, vol. 19. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012. Pp. xxix + 994.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. ZWISCHEN PHOSPHORPENTAFLUORID UND METHYLAMIN, AETHYLAMIN UND TERT.‐BUTYLAMIN
Authors: HARMAN J. S. , SHARP D. W. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractP‐pentafluorid (I) reagiert mit den Aminen (II) in jedem Fall zu den Phosphaten (III) und den Phosphoranen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLIERUNG VON NITRILEN DER 3‐AMINO‐ UND 3‐(N‐ARYLAMINO)‐PROPANSAEURE
Authors: PINCUK A. M. , KOSINSKAJA I. M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract3‐Aminopropionitrilhydrochlorid (I) reagiert in siedendem Benzol mit mindestens 4 Mol Phosphorpentachlorid zur Verbindung (II) (75% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: DIHALOGENANHYDRIDE UND HALOGENANHYDRIDE VON ISOCYANATOMETHYLPHOSPHONSAEUREALKYLESTERN
Authors: SOKOL V. A. , DOROSENKO V. V. , DERKAC G. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChlormethylisocyanat (I) reagiert mit Alkyldichlor‐ oder Alkyldifluorphosphiten (II) sowie mit Dialkylchlor‐ bzw. ‐fluorphosphiten (IV) zu den phosphorylierten Methylisocyanaten (III) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THIOESTERBROMIDE DER AETHYLTHIOPHOSPHONIGSAEURE
Authors: POTAPOV A. M. , KRASIL'NIKOVA E. A. , RAZUMOV A. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThioesterbromide der Äthylphosphonigsäure (I) entstehen nach den drei genannten Verfahren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND PHYSIKALISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN EINER NEUEN AMINOPHOSPHONSAEURE ALS EXTRAKTIONSMITTEL FUER METALLE
Authors: JAGODIC V. , HERAK M. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Erhitzen der Schiffschen Base (I) mit dem Phosphit (II) entsteht der Dioctylester (III), der mit alkoholischer NaOH in das Di‐Na‐Salz (IVa) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON ALKYLIDENPHOSPHORANEN MIT NITROSYLCHLORID UND ZERS. DER GEBILDETEN 2‐HYDROXYIMINOPHOSPHONIUMCHLORIDE
Authors: EGUCHI CHIKAHIKO , AKIBA KIN‐YA , INAMOTO NAOKI 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie stabilen Phosphorane (I) reagieren mit Nitrosylchlorid in Tetrahydrofuran zu den Phosphoniumchloriden (II) (70 und 72%).
ChemInform Abstract: UNGEWOEHNLICHE RADIKALE BEI DER RK. VON 1‐PHENYLPHOSPHOLEN MIT KALIUM
Authors: THOMSON COLIN , KILCAST D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der ESR‐spektroskopischen Untersuchung der Reaktion der Phosphole (I) mit K in Dimethoxyäthan und THF zu dem Derivat (II) und Phenylkalium wurden drei intensive, ineinander umwandelbare Signale beobachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMAGNESIUM‐REDUKTIONSMITTEL 2. MITT. ISOTOPENEFFEKT DER RED. VON KETONEN 3. MITT. ISOTOPENEFFEKT DER 1,4‐RED. VON ALKYLIDENMALONATEN UND CYANACETATEN 4. MITT. STERISCHER ISOTOPENEFFEKT
Authors: CHAUVIERE GERARD , WELVART ZOLTAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung der Ketone (I) mit Isobutyl‐MgCl (IIa) bzw. dem deuterierten Analogen (IIb) tritt neben der Reduktionsreaktion zu den Mg‐Alkoholaten (III) und Isobuten (IV) eine Additionsreaktion zu den Alkoholaten (V) ein (beide Reaktionen sind 1. Ordnung).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOZINN‐CHEMIE 5. MITT. STRUKTUR VON DIALKYLZINNMETHOXIDHALOGENIDEN IN LOESUNG, ANALOGIE ZUM GRIGNARD‐REAGENZ
Authors: CHAPMAN A. C. , DAVIES ALWYN G. , HARRISON P. G. , MCFARLANE W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion von Dialkylzinndimethanolaten (I) mit ‐dihalogeniden (II) bildet sich ein Gleichgewicht aus.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON ORGANOMETALL‐VERBINDUNGEN 17. MITT. AUSTAUSCH‐ UND ADDITIONSRK. VON AMINODIMETHYLZINN‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: DAVIES ALWYN G. , KENNEDY JOHN D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Sn(IV)‐halogenide (I) reagieren mit den Sn(IV)‐diamiden (II) unter Bildung der Monoamide (III) (Ausbeute 26‐55%), die mit Schwefelkohlenstoff (IV) als Dithiocarbamate der vermutlichen Struktur (V) charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXBLDG. VON BLEI(II) MIT 2‐AMINO‐2‐HYDROXYMETHYL‐PROPANDIOL‐(1,3)
Authors: VICEDOMINI MARIO 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Dissoziationskonstante des Diols wurde bei 25°C in Perchloratlösung potentiometrisch bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROLYTISCHE RED. HOEHERER METALLCHLORIDE IN NICHTWAESSRIGEN MEDIEN 4. MITT. METHOXY‐VERBINDUNGEN DES VIERWERTIGEN WOLFRAMS
Authors: SEIFERT H. J. , WOEHRMANN H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Reduktion einer nicht zu konzentrierten Lösung von WCl6 in Methanol in einer geschlossenen Elektrolysezelle erhält man mit HCl das Hexachloroderivat (Ia); in HCl‐freiem Medium erhält man die grüne kristalline Verbindung (II) und aus der Mutterlauge das Derivat (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. ZWEIKERNIGER KOMPLEXE BEI DER RK. VON CHROM(II) MIT HEXACYANOFERRAT(III)
Authors: THORNELEY R. N. F. , SYKES A. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUntersucht wird die Reduktion des Ferrats (I) durch Hexaaquochrom(II) zwischen 0 und 25°C. Aus elektronenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen ergibt sich, daß in Abhängigkeit vom pH‐Wert zwei verschiedene zweikernige Komplexe (II) und (III) auftreten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON CHLORCYCLOBUTADIEN‐EISENTRICARBONYL
Authors: BRUNE HANS ALBERT , HORLBECK GERNOT , WOLFF HANS PETER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei Zugabe des Fe‐carbonyls (II) zu einer Lösung des Cyclobutens (I) in einem Pentan‐Hexan‐Gemisch bildet sich in 28%iger Ausbeute der Cyclobutadieneisen‐Komplex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ISONITRILE 24. MITT. STEREOSELEKTIVE SYNTH. 5. MITT. STEREOSELEKTIVE VIERKOMPONENTENKONDENSATIONEN VON ALPHA‐FERROCENYLAETHYLAMIN UND SEINE ABSOLUTE KONFIGURATION
Authors: MARQUARDING DIETER , HOFFMANN PETER , HEITZER HELMUT , UGI IVAR 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBenzoesäure (I), (+‐)‐α‐Ferrocenyl‐äthylamin (II), der Aldehyd (III) und das Isonitril (IV) reagierten in methanolischer Lösung bei 20°C zu einem Gemisch (Ausbeute 92%) aus dem (S)‐Ferrocenyläthyl‐(S)‐valinamid (Va) und dem (S)‐ Ferrocenyläthyl‐(R)‐valinamid (Vb).