bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northward shift in circulation system over the Asian mid‐latitudes linked to an increasing heating anomaly over the northern Tibetan Plateau during the past two decades
Authors: Zhang Jie , Tang Qun , Chen Haishan , Liu Shimeng 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe northward shift in circulation exhibited by a geopotential height of 5700‐gpm at 500 hPa and the westerly jet at 200 hPa covers more than 40° of longitude (80°–120°E) in Asia. The northward shift in circulation is also exhibited by a northward shift in eddy, showing the ascending (descending) motion anomalies on the north of the previous convergence (divergence) regions. The latitude position of circulation correlates well with the northern ridge and the central latitude of the South Asian High (SAH), which shows weak negative correlation with the eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), the potential connection with the La Nina SST pattern and the negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation pattern, and positively correlated with the land surface temperatures over North America, Eastern Europe and the region between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Lake Baikal in Asia. The local thermal forcing of the TP (north of 33°N) leads to increasing convergence in the lower troposphere, contributing to a positive latent heat of condensation, higher temperatures in the middle‐upper troposphere, a stronger SAH, as well as northward secondary circulation in the middle troposphere. The northward extension of the SAH and a south wind anomaly encourage warming convection towards the north in the middle‐upper troposphere, which leads to northward shift in atmospheric baroclinicity, and further be helpful to northward shift in eddy. These coupled thermodynamic and dynamic processes contribute to a northward shift in circulation in the mid‐latitudes.
Factors regulating bone remodeling processes in aseptic implant loosening
Authors: Hartmann Eliza S. , Köhler Miriam I. , Huber Felicitas , Redeker Julia I. , Schmitt Baerbel , Schmitt‐Sody Marcus , Summer Burkhard , Fottner Andreas , Jansson Volkmar , Mayer‐Wagner Susanne 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to screen periprosthetic tissues (PPTs) under specified conditions for a series of molecular components and describe them in bone remodeling processes within aseptic loosening. PPT samples were obtained from patients undergoing revision surgery of endoprostheses (n = 24) and synovial tissues from patients with OA (control) (n = 18), patients with any form of inflammatory arthritides were excluded. Tissue samples were examined via microbiology, histology (H&E, TRAP), immunohistochemistry (CD68/anti‐S100a4), quantitative real‐time PCR (ALP, COL1A1, cathepsin K, M‐CSF, MMP13, OPG, RANK, RANKL, TNF‐α, and TRAP) and an endotoxin‐assay. PPT samples contained a variety of cellular components and stained positive for TRAP (56%), CD68 (100%), and S100a4 (100%). Wear debris were found in cells staining positive for CD68 and S100a4. In PPTs significantly higher ALP, COL1A1, MMP‐13, RANK, RANKL, and TRAP expression were found along with a significantly higher RANKL/OPG ratio and a significantly lower OPG expression. No significant difference was observed for M‐CSF, TNF‐α, cathepsin K, and endotoxin levels. In conclusion we found osteogenic proteins (ALP, COL1A1), a proteolytic enzyme (MMP‐13), markers for osteoclast differentiation (RANK, RANKL), and osteoclast activity (TRAP) to be increased in PPT, whereas OPG expression decreased significantly in comparison to control. We present data about a large series of molecular components in PPT and describe novel and key findings about their expression levels in regards to aseptic implant loosening. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:248–257, 2017.
Constructing a short form of the hierarchical personality inventory for children (HiPIC): the HiPIC‐30
Authors: Vollrath Margarete E. , Hampson Sarah E. , Torgersen Svenn 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChildren's personality traits are invaluable predictors of concurrent and later mental and physical health. Several validated longer inventories for assessing the widely recognized Five‐Factor Model of personality in children are available, but short forms are scarce. This study aimed at constructing a 30‐item form of the 144‐item Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) (Mervielde & De Fruyt, ). Participants were 1543 children aged 6–12 years (sample 1) and 3895 children aged 8 years (sample 2). Sample 1 completed the full HiPIC, from which we constructed the HiPIC‐30, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (Achenbach, ). Sample 2 completed the HiPIC‐30. The HiPIC‐30 personality domains correlated over r = .90 with the full HiPIC domains, had good Cronbach's alphas and correlated similarly with CBCL behaviour problems and gender as the full HiPIC. The factor structures of the HiPIC‐30 were convergent across samples, but the imagination factor was not clear‐cut. We conclude that the HiPIC‐30 is a reliable and valid questionnaire for the Five‐Factor personality traits in children. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can Deep Groundwater Influx be Detected from the Geochemistry of Thermokarst Lakes in Arctic Alaska?
Authors: Hinkel Kenneth M. , Arp Christopher D. , Townsend‐Small Amy , Frey Karen E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the continuous permafrost zone, unfrozen ground may exist beneath large lakes and streams. Sub‐lake taliks that extend through permafrost provide a potential conduit for subpermafrost groundwater to reach the surface, increasing dissolved ion concentrations in lake water. Twenty‐eight lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska were sampled in 2013–14 to determine whether a difference in ionic concentration could be detected between lakes with and without through taliks. A thermal model originally developed by J. Ross Mackay indicated that 20 of the lakes may have a talik that penetrates the permafrost. Lake water samples were analysed for a variety of ions and geochemical properties. Generally, there was little interannual variation in ion concentration, pH and specific conductivity of lake water. Proximal lakes tended to have similar chemical signatures, but there were large variations across the study region. Local factors appeared largely to control lake water chemistry. Lakes with suspected through taliks did not demonstrate a hydrochemical signature distinct from nearby lakes lacking a through talik. This suggests that either: (1) there is no hydrological connection with subpermafrost groundwater due to aquicludes in the subsurface; (2) the flux of groundwater is too small to have a measurable impact on lake water chemistry; or (3) the steady‐state condition for talik configuration assumed in the thermal model is not justified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hermetic Thermal Behavior of 3,4‐Diaminofurazan (DAF)
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Xu Kangzhen , Wang Bozhou , Song Jirong , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHermetic thermal behavior of 3,4‐diaminofurazan (DAF) was studied by DSC method with special high‐pressure hermetic crucibles. The complete exothermic decomposition process of DAF can be provided. The extrapolated onset temperature, peak temperature, and enthalpy of decomposition at a heating rate of 10 K min−1 are 238.7 °C, 253.0 °C, and −1986 J g−1, respectively. Self‐accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of thermal explosion of DAF are 232.3 and 253.1 °C, respectively. Specific heat capacity of DAF was determined with a micro DSC method and the molar heat capacity is 140.78 J mol−1 K−1 at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time‐to‐explosion of DAF is about 90 s. The thermal stability of DAF is good.
Attribution in cyberspace: techniques and legal implications
Authors: Shamsi Jawwad A. , Zeadally Sherali , Sheikh Fareha , Flowers Angelyn 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAttribution of cybercrimes is significant in limiting the rate of crime as well as in preparing the required level of response. Motivated by this significance, we introduce a level‐based approach for achieving attribution. In our proposed approach, attribution consists of three steps: (1) identification of the cyberweapon used; (2) determination of the origin of the attack; and (3) identification of the actual attacker. We conduct an in‐depth analysis of recently proposed attribution techniques. Our analysis reveals that indirect methods of attribution are particularly effective when attributing cybercrimes; many of them remain unattributed. We also discuss some of the legal issues pertaining to attribution, and we argue that well‐defined international laws for cyberspace along with strong cooperation among governments are needed to track down and punish cybercriminals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural insights into ribosome translocation
Authors: Ling Clarence , Ermolenko Dmitri N. 
Published: April 2016

During protein synthesis, tRNA and mRNA are translocated from the A to P to E sites of the ribosome thus enabling the ribosome to translate one codon of mRNA after the other. Ribosome translocation along mRNA is induced by the universally conserved ribosome GTPase, elongation factor G (EF‐G) in bacteria and elongation factor 2 (EF‐2) in eukaryotes. Recent structural and single‐molecule studies revealed that tRNA and mRNA translocation within the ribosome is accompanied by cyclic forward and reverse rotations between the large and small ribosomal subunits parallel to the plane of the intersubunit interface. In addition, during ribosome translocation, the ‘head’ domain of small ribosomal subunit undergoes forward‐ and back‐swiveling motions relative to the rest of the small ribosomal subunit around the axis that is orthogonal to the axis of intersubunit rotation. tRNA/mRNA translocation is also coupled to the docking of domain IV of EF‐G into the A site of the small ribosomal subunit that converts the thermally driven motions of the ribosome and tRNA into the forward translocation of tRNA/mRNA inside the ribosome. Despite recent and enormous progress made in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of ribosome translocation, the sequence of structural rearrangements of the ribosome, EF‐G and tRNA during translocation is still not fully established and awaits further investigation. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:620–636. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1354This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Defining occult injuries of the distal forearm and wrist in children
Authors: Elvey Michael , Patel S. , Avisar Erez , White W. J. , Sorene E. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The nonspecific terms “wrist sprain” and “suspected occult bony injury” are frequently documented as diagnoses in occult paediatric wrist injuries. To date, however, no one has accurately defined their true underlying pathology. The primary objective of this study was to identify the true pathoanatomy of occult acute paediatric wrist injuries. Our secondary objective was to compare our findings with existing adult data in order to determine any population differences that might be clinically relevant. Methods We performed a single-centre retrospective case series evaluating MRI findings in acute paediatric wrist injuries presenting to the hand injury unit between 2011 and 2014. All patients underwent standardised radiographs of the wrist and, where clinically indicated, of the scaphoid. Where no bony anomaly was identified, MRI scanning was offered. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to calculate the agreement between clinical and MRI diagnosis. Results 57 patients met the final inclusion criteria. Occult fractures and bony contusions comprised the majority of the pathologies, at 36.5 and 35.0 %, respectively. There were no cases of isolated soft-tissue injury. MRI effected management change in 35.1 % of cases. Paediatric wrists demonstrated differences in injury pattern and distribution when compared to an adult population. Conclusion This study defines for the first time the true pathology of occult paediatric wrist injuries. The current definition of a wrist sprain was not applicable to a single case and therefore appears to be inappropriate for use in the paediatric population. A precise knowledge of the likely pathology facilitates accurate information delivery whilst reducing parental uncertainty and treatment variation.
Acritarchs from the Hanford Brook Formation, New Brunswick, Canada: new biochronological constraints on theProtolenus elegansZone and the Cambrian Series 2–3 transition
Authors: PALACIOS TEODORO , JENSEN SÖREN , BARR SANDRA M. , WHITE CHRIS E. , MILLER RANDALL F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiverse and well-preserved acritarchs are reported from the type section of the Cambrian Hanford Brook Formation at Hanford Brook, southern New Brunswick. This section fills an important gap in acritarch studies by providing the first detailed picture of changing acritarch associations close to the traditional lower–middle Cambrian boundary in Avalonia. Acritarchs from the St Martins Member, at the base of the succession, includeSkiagia ciliosa, Heliosphaeridium notatum, H. longumandLiepaina planaand suggest attribution to Cambrian Stage 4. Acritarchs from the Somerset Street Member, in the middle of the formation, includeEliasum llaniscumandComasphaeridium silesiense. This information adds new biochronological context to an ash bed in the Somerset Street Member previously dated asc. 510 Ma or 508 Ma, and to the endemic trilobites from the same member, includingProtolenus elegans. It also places absolute ages on the basal range of stratigraphically important acritarchs. Both the acritarch assemblage and the radiometric age are consistent with a position very close to the traditional lower–middle Cambrian transition and likely within Cambrian Stage 5. Acritarchs from the Long Island Member, at the top of the succession, include additional taxa demonstrating assignment to Cambrian Stage 5. Both the Somerset Street and Long Island members probably correlate with theMorocconus notabilisZone. The new acritarch speciesRetisphaeridium striatumPalacios is described. New data are presented on acritarchs from the upper part of the Hell's Mouth Formation, Wales, and correlation proposed with the Long Island Member.
RECONSIDERING THE AUSTRALIAN FORUM (NON) CONVENIENS DOCTRINE
Authors: Arzandeh Ardavan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA quarter of a century after the High Court of Australia's landmark ruling in Voth v Manildra Flour Mills Pty Ltd, this article examines the application of the modern-day forum (non) conveniens doctrine in Australia. It outlines the prevailing view in the academic literature which claims that the Australian doctrine is functionally different from its English counterpart, articulated in Spiliada Maritime Corporation v Cansulex Ltd. Through a detailed assessment of the case law and commentary, this article questions that widely accepted orthodoxy and demonstrates it to be unpersuasive and reconceptualizes our understanding of the forum (non) conveniens doctrine in Australia. Its main contention is that while, theoretically, there may be a narrow conceptual space between Spiliada and Voth, it is so narrow as to be practically non-existent.
Electoral Innovation in Competitive Authoritarian States: A Case for the Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) in Singapore
Authors: ABDULLAH WALID JUMBLATT 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the efficacy of a form of electoral innovation unique to the island-state of Singapore, the Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) scheme, and its impact on democratic governance, in light of the changing political landscape. A comparative perspective will be employed and broader conclusions on electoral engineering will be reached, especially for democratizing countries. Contrary to conventional scholarly wisdom, I argue that the NMP scheme can actually boost democratic representation in the country, considering the changing political landscape in the state previously dominated by a hegemonic party. This is via two ways: firstly, NMPs could better represent the voices of the people at the margins of society and, secondly, they could be better positioned to raise issues that are deemed too ‘sensitive’ to be raised by opposition parties. NMPs can enhance democratic governance by promoting deliberation, accountability, and representation.
Homotypic cell competition regulates proliferation and tiling of zebrafish pigment cells during colour pattern formation
Authors: Walderich Brigitte , Singh Ajeet Pratap , Mahalwar Prateek , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe adult striped pattern of zebrafish is composed of melanophores, iridophores and xanthophores arranged in superimposed layers in the skin. Previous studies have revealed that the assembly of pigment cells into stripes involves heterotypic interactions between all three chromatophore types. Here we investigate the role of homotypic interactions between cells of the same chromatophore type. Introduction of labelled progenitors into mutants lacking the corresponding cell type allowed us to define the impact of competitive interactions via long-termin vivoimaging. In the absence of endogenous cells, transplanted iridophores and xanthophores show an increased rate of proliferation and spread as a coherent net into vacant space. By contrast, melanophores have a limited capacity to spread in the skin even in the absence of competing endogenous cells. Our study reveals a key role for homotypic competitive interactions in determining number, direction of migration and individual spacing of cells within chromatophore populations.
Integrative genomics analyses unveil downstream biological effectors of disease-specific polymorphisms buried in intergenic regions
Authors: Li Haiquan , Achour Ikbel , Bastarache Lisa , Berghout Joanne , Gardeux Vincent , Li Jianrong , Lee Younghee , Pesce Lorenzo , Yang Xinan , Ramos Kenneth S , Foster Ian , Denny Joshua C , Moore Jason H , Lussier Yves A 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFunctionally altered biological mechanisms arising from disease-associated polymorphisms, remain difficult to characterise when those variants are intergenic, or, fall between genes. We sought to identify shared downstream mechanisms by which inter- and intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to a specific physiopathology. Using computational modelling of 2 million pairs of disease-associated SNPs drawn from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), integrated with expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) and Gene Ontology functional annotations, we predicted 3,870 inter–intra and inter–intra SNP pairs with convergent biological mechanisms (FDR<0.05). These prioritised SNP pairs with overlapping messenger RNA targets or similar functional annotations were more likely to be associated with the same disease than unrelated pathologies (OR>12). We additionally confirmed synergistic and antagonistic genetic interactions for a subset of prioritised SNP pairs in independent studies of Alzheimer’s disease (entropy P=0.046), bladder cancer (entropy P=0.039), and rheumatoid arthritis (PheWAS case–control P<10−4). Using ENCODE data sets, we further statistically validated that the biological mechanisms shared within prioritised SNP pairs are frequently governed by matching transcription factor binding sites and long-range chromatin interactions. These results provide a ‘roadmap’ of disease mechanisms emerging from GWAS and further identify candidate therapeutic targets among downstream effectors of intergenic SNPs.
Neonicotinoids target distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neurons, leading to differential risks to bumblebees
Authors: Moffat Christopher , Buckland Stephen T. , Samson Andrew J. , McArthur Robin , Chamosa Pino Victor , Bollan Karen A. , Huang Jeffrey T.-J. , Connolly Christopher N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere is growing concern over the risk to bee populations from neonicotinoid insecticides and the long-term consequences of reduced numbers of insect pollinators to essential ecosystem services and food security. Our knowledge of the risk of neonicotinoids to bees is based on studies of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and these findings are extrapolated to clothianidin based on its higher potency at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This study addresses the specificity and consequences of all three neonicotinoids to determine their relative risk to bumblebees at field-relevant levels (2.5 ppb). We find compound-specific effects at all levels (individual cells, bees and whole colonies in semi-field conditions). Imidacloprid and clothianidin display distinct, overlapping, abilities to stimulate Kenyon cells, indicating the potential to differentially influence bumblebee behavior. Bee immobility was induced only by imidacloprid, and an increased vulnerability to clothianidin toxicity only occurred following chronic exposure to clothianidin or thiamethoxam. At the whole colony level, only thiamethoxam altered the sex ratio (more males present) and only clothianidin increased queen production. Finally, both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam caused deficits in colony strength, while no detrimental effects of clothianidin were observed. Given these findings, neonicotinoid risk needs to be considered independently for each compound and target species.
Rapid Stencil Mask Fabrication Enabled One-Step Polymer-Free Graphene Patterning and Direct Transfer for Flexible Graphene Devices
Authors: Yong Keong , Ashraf Ali , Kang Pilgyu , Nam SungWoo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report a one-step polymer-free approach to patterning graphene using a stencil mask and oxygen plasma reactive-ion etching, with a subsequent polymer-free direct transfer for flexible graphene devices. Our stencil mask is fabricated via a subtractive, laser cutting manufacturing technique, followed by lamination of stencil mask onto graphene grown on Cu foil for patterning. Subsequently, micro-sized graphene features of various shapes are patterned via reactive-ion etching. The integrity of our graphene after patterning is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. We further demonstrate the rapid prototyping capability of a stretchable, crumpled graphene strain sensor and patterned graphene condensation channels for potential applications in sensing and heat transfer, respectively. We further demonstrate that the polymer-free approach for both patterning and transfer to flexible substrates allows the realization of cleaner graphene features as confirmed by water contact angle measurements. We believe that our new method promotes rapid, facile fabrication of cleaner graphene devices and can be extended to other two dimensional materials in the future.
Estimation of Discriminative Feature Subset Using Community Modularity
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Liu Sanming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFeature selection (FS) is an important preprocessing step in machine learning and data mining. In this paper, a new feature subset evaluation method is proposed by constructing a sample graph (SG) in differentk-features and applying community modularity to select highly informative features as a group. However, these features may not be relevant as an individual. Furthermore, relevant in-dependency rather than irrelevant redundancy among the selected features is effectively measured with the community modularity Q value of the sample graph in thek-features. An efficient FS method calledk-features sample graph feature selection is presented. A key property of this approach is that the discriminative cues of a feature subset with the maximum relevant in-dependency among features can be accurately determined. This community modularity-based method is then verified with the theory of k-means cluster. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach is more effective, as verified by the results of several experiments.