bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a Reference Measurement System for C-Peptide: Successes and Lessons Learned
Authors: Little Randie R , Wielgosz Robert I , Josephs Ralf , Kinumi Tomoya , Takatsu Akiko , Li Hongmei , Stein Daniel , Burns Chris 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Assessment of endogenous insulin secretion by measuring C-peptide concentrations is widely accepted. Recent studies have shown that preservation of even small amounts of endogenous C-peptide production in patients with type 1 diabetes reduces risks for diabetic complications. Harmonization of C-peptide results will facilitate comparison of data from different research studies and later among clinical laboratory results at different sites using different assay methods.

CONTENT
This review provides an overview of the general process of harmonization and standardization and the challenges encountered with implementing a reference measurement system for C-peptide.

SUMMARY
Efforts to harmonize C-peptide results are described, including those by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases–led C-peptide Standardization Committee in the US, activities in Japan, efforts by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in the UK, as well as activities led by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures and the National Metrology Institute in China. A traceability scheme is proposed along with the next steps for implementation. Suggestions are made for better collaboration to optimize the harmonization process for other measurands.
Real Freedom for All Revisited – Normative Justifications of Basic Income
Authors: Henderson Troy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper contributes to debates regarding the normative justification of basic income (BI) via a critical reevaluation of Philippe Van Parijs’ ‘real-libertarian’ theory. Van Parijs’ work constitutes the most ambitious attempt within the literature to ground a justification of BI within a systematic normative framework. In this paper I argue that key elements of his framework should form part of any progressive justification of BI. Specifically, his linking of the principle of ‘real freedom for all’ with the policy mechanism of the ‘highest sustainable basic income.’ I take issue with Van Parijs’ treatment of compensation for unequal internal endowments based on the criterion of ‘undominated diversity’ and I reject the ‘external resources’ approach to justifying the funding of a substantial BI, including Van Parijs’ ‘jobs as assets’ argument. I introduce the concept of ‘total social productivity’ as a means of understanding the production and reproduction of society in a manner that anchors the justification of BI in a commitment to a ‘deep form of social reciprocity.’ Finally, I suggest that BI be framed as a ‘pragmatic-utopian reform.’
Assessing multiple muscle activation during squat movements with different loading conditions – an EMG study
Authors: Pourmoghaddam Amir , Dettmer Marius , Malanka Stefany J.K. , Veverka Mitchell , O’Connor Daniel P. , Paloski William H. , Layne Charles S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Surface electromyography (EMG) is a valuable tool in clinical diagnostics and research related to human neuromotor control. Non-linear analysis of EMG data can help with detection of subtle changes of control due to changes of external or internal constraints during motor tasks. However, non-linear analysis is complex and results may be difficult to interpret, particularly in clinical environments. We developed a non-linear analysis tool (SYNERGOS) that evaluates multiple muscle activation (MMA) features and provides a single value for description of activation characteristics. To investigate the responsiveness of SYNERGOS to kinetic changes during cyclic movements, 13 healthy young adults performed squat movements under different loading conditions (100%–120% of body weight). We processed EMG data to generate SYNERGOS indices and used two-way repeated measures ANOVA to determine changes of MMA in response to loading conditions during movement. SYNERGOS values were significantly different for each loading condition. We concluded that the algorithm is sensitive to kinetic changes during cyclic movements, which may have implications for applications in a variety of experimental and diagnostic settings.
Analytical and clinical performance of thyroglobulin autoantibody assays in thyroid cancer follow-up
Authors: Katrangi Waddah , Grebe Stephan K.G. , Algeciras-Schimnich Alicia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:While thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) can result in false low serum thyroglobulin (Tg) immunoassay (IA) measurements, they might also be indicators of disease persistence/recurrence. Hence, accurate TgAb measurement, in addition to Tg quantification, is crucial for thyroid cancer monitoring. We compared the analytical and clinical performance of four commonly used TgAb IAs.Methods:We measured Tg by mass spectrometry (Tg-MS) and by four pairs of Tg and TgAb IAs (Beckman, Roche, Siemens, Thermo) in 576 samples. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) and manufacturers’ upper reference interval cut-off (URI) were used for comparisons. Clinical performance was assessed by receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.Results:Quantitative and qualitative agreement between TgAb-IAs was moderate with RConclusions:TgAb-IAs show significant qualitative and quantitative differences. For 2 of the 4 TgAb-IAs, using the LOQ improves the detection of interfering TgAbs. All assays showed suboptimal clinical performance when used as surrogate markers of disease, with modest improvements when Tg and TgAb were combined.
Beiging of white adipose tissue as a therapeutic strategy for weight loss in humans
Authors: Thyagarajan Baskaran , Foster Michelle T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leads to obesity. Adiposity associated with obesity progressively causes inflammation, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Excessive dietary intake of fat results in its accumulation and storage in the white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas energy expenditure by fat utilization and oxidation predominately occurs in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, the presence of a third type of fat, referred to as beige or brite (brown in white), has been recognized in certain kinds of WAT depots. It has been suggested that WAT can undergo the process of browning in response to stimuli that induce and enhance the expression of thermogenes characteristic of those typically associated with brown fat. The resultant beige or brite cells enhance energy expenditure by reducing lipids stored within adipose tissue. This has created significant excitement towards the development of a promising strategy to induce browning/beiging in WAT to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. This review systematically describes differential locations and functions of WAT and BAT, mechanisms of beiging of WAT and a concise analysis of drug molecules and natural products that activate the browning phenomenon in vitro and in vivo. This review also discusses potential approaches for targeting WAT with compounds for site-specific beiging induction. Overall, there are numerous mechanisms that govern browning of WAT. There are a variety of newly identified targets whereby potential molecules can promote beiging of WAT and thereby combat obesity.
Non-Isothermal Effectiveness Factor for Catalytic Particles with Non-Fickian Diffusion
Authors: Hernandez Aguirre Alberto , Morales Cabrera Miguel A. , Morales Zarate Epifanio , Rivera Victor M , Puebla Hector , Hernandez Martinez Eliseo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this note, the effects of the non-Fickian diffusion on the prediction of effectiveness factor in non-isothermal porous catalytic slab considering external transport resistances are studied. A Green’s function formulation is used to solve the fractional diffusion-reaction model assuming non-Fickian diffusion to describe the internal mass transport in the porous catalytic particle. Evaluation of the effectiveness factor considering linear and nonlinear reaction rates was developed under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. In both cases, numerical simulations show the relation existent between the anomalous diffusion with the performance of the catalytic slabs.
Divisio Textusand the Interpretive Logic Of Thomas Aquinas’Lectura Ad Ephesios
Authors: Covington Eric 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHenri de Lubac has proclaimed that medieval exegetical texts contain a “whole mental universe” within their pages. While full of promise, de Lubac’s statement also points to the problem of how modern readers may profitably engage the unfamiliar mental universe of such texts. The distinctive scholastic practice of structuring a composition bydivisio textuscan function as a helpful guide not only for understanding the structure of medieval texts but also for understanding the interpretive logic employed by medieval commentators. By focusing on Thomas Aquinas’lectura ad Ephesios, this paper demonstrates how thedivisio textuscan help identify important aspects of a commentator’s interpretive logic. The article then turns to examine Aquinas’ interpretation of predestination in Eph 1:5–6a to demonstrate the significance of thedivisio textusfor understanding medieval exegetical and interpretive decisions at both the macro- and micro-level. The article concludes that thedivisio textuscan be a helpful tool for uncovering the “mental universe” contained within medieval exegetical texts.
The Prophetess of Endor: Reception of 1 Samuel 28 in Nineteenth Century Mormon History
Authors: Blythe Christopher James 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article documents one strain of Mormon thought concerning the Woman of Endor narrative in 1 Samuel 28, in which the woman was interpreted as a prophetess enabled to raise the dead through her spiritual gifts. Church leaders eventually condemned this narrative because of its similarities with Spiritualist exegesis and American Christianity’s use of the narrative to condemn Spiritualism as necromancy. Through establishing an orthodox reading of the passage, leaders strengthened the boundaries separating the two faiths – boundaries that many Spiritualists had argued were at best blurry and overlapping.
Elie Wiesel and the Biblical Archetypes of the Contemporary Middle East
Authors: Tollerton David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on two newspaper advertisements written by Holocaust survivor and author Elie Wiesel, which were published shortly before his death in 2016. These controversial advertisements, appearing in the US and the UK, addressed recent tensions in the Middle East, referencing the books of 2Kings and Esther. The article explores Wiesel’s relationship to contemporary politics, traditions of biblical interpretation, and ideas of sacred temporality. I argue that these advertisements present a vivid case study of the potential difficulties posed by framing contemporary conflicts via biblical archetypes. Specifically, I suggest that they challenge us to develop an awareness of instances in which biblical reception can mythologize suffering by subsuming novel and complex events into premeditated narratives.
Toward a Legal Perspective on Crisis Information Management: Legal Values and Privacy-Sensitive Information at Odds?
Authors: Biersteker Erwin , Ferguson Julie E. , Beersma Bianca , Groenewegen Peter 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Recently, crisis response organizations are adopting a networked communication structure, as a means to connect different sources of crisis information and enable a more effective crisis response. However, this change has introduced legal complications that so far remain unaddressed, for instance regarding the exchange of privacy-sensitive information aimed at rendering a coherent picture of the crisis. This paper examines how information managers interpret legislation during crises. We analyze our results by drawing on Radbruch’s tripartite taxonomy, showing that information managers oscillate between the values of certainty of law and purposiveness in regards to legislation, while the value of justice remains remarkably absent in their interpretation. By introducing a legal perspective on crisis information management we provide an important contribution to the crisis coordination debate.
Comparison of Tanner staging of HIV-infected and uninfected girls at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Iloh Ogochukwu N. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Ubesie Agozie C. , Emodi Ifeoma J. , Ikefuna Anthony N. , Ibeziako Ngozi S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:A number of factors influence sexual maturation in adolescents, including chronic illnesses like HIV. Marshall and Tanner devised a method of classifying the adolescent based on the level of sexual maturation into five stages. This study compared the Tanner staging of HIV-infected and uninfected girls.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 100 HIV-infected girls aged 8–18 years and 100 uninfected counterparts matched for age and social class. Using standard photographs as a guide, stages of sexual maturation were determined according to the method proposed by Marshall and Tanner. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20. p-values <0.05 were regarded as significant.Results:The study participants were aged 8–17 years. Fifty-five subjects compared to 39 controls were still in pre-pubertal breast developmental stages while 45 subjects (45%) compared to 61 controls (61%) have commenced breast development (p=0.024). Similarly, 52 subjects compared to 31 controls were in the pre-pubertal pubic hair developmental stages, while 48 subjects (48%) compared to 69 controls (69%) had commenced pubic hair development (p=0.003).Conclusions:Perinatal HIV infection affected the onset of pubic hair and breast development but did not significantly affect the attainment of sexual maturation.
Hounded Women: The IPV Protocol and the Autonomy of Abuse Victims
Authors: Gauthier-Chung Maud Faïle 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the early 90s, many jurisdictions adopted a special protocol in an effort to stop and punish intimate partner abuse. This article focuses on the particular form this policy has taken in the New York County jurisdiction, as it is a source of deep disagreement among feminists. In this article, I explore this disagreement in order to demonstrate two things. First, that like many other contentious issues, this controversy revolves around the question of how oppressed individuals’ autonomy should be conceived. Second, that a structural understanding of autonomy, such as the one pioneered by the philosopher Joseph Raz, can be of great use to resolve disagreements on this protocol. I offer an interpretation of his account which enables us to acknowledge the agency of ‘hounded women’ while legitimizing interventions aimed at eradicating the coercion they are victims of.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Opuntia ficus indica seed oil fractions and their bioactive compounds identification
Authors: R’bia Olfa , Chkioua Chaker , Hellal Raoudha , Herchi Wahid , Smiti Samira Aschi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Aim
The two Opuntia ficus indica seed oil fractions (glyceridic and unsaponifiable) were compared to their biological activities and then assessed with their bioactive compounds.

Methods
Based on the inhibition concentration at 50 percent (IC50) values, the antioxidant activity of the two fractions was compared with three different tests. The antibacterial activity was assessed by the agar disk diffusion assay against five human pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the main fatty acids composition and unsaponifiable compounds in Opuntia ficus indica seed oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometryand (GC/MS) and NP-HPLC.

Results
Results showed that antioxidant and antibacterial activities considerably varied depending on the fraction. In fact, unsaponifiable fraction has higher biological activities than the glyceridic ones. The unsaponifiable fraction has stronger effects of scavenging 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and it is more efficient against bleaching of β-carotene than the saponifiable extract, unlike the experimental results of 2,2′-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging test. Furthermore, the unsaponifiable fraction was more efficient against all pathogenic strains specially Escherichia coli. The major fatty acids identified were: linoleic (61.42%), oleic (20.55%) and palmitic acids (11.88%). Such a difference in biological capacities between the two fractions can be explained by the high content of some bioactive compounds in the unsaponifiable fraction. Low level of squalene was present in the seed oil. But high levels of terpenic alcohols (3169 mg/kg) and of coenzyme Q9 (75.3 mg/kg) were detected in the Opuntia seed oil.

Conclusion
Informations provided through this work are important for the valorization and use of this cactus vegetable oil in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Predictors of Functional Change in a Skilled Nursing Facility Population
Authors: Gustavson Allison M. , Falvey Jason R. , Forster Jeri E. , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose:
Inability to obtain sufficient gains in function during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay impacts patients' functional trajectories and susceptibility to adverse events. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of functional change in patients temporarily residing in an SNF following hospitalization.

Methods:
One hundred forty patients admitted to a single SNF from the hospital who had both evaluation and discharge measures of physical function documented were included. Data from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 and electronic medical record were extracted to record clinical and demographic characteristics. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was administered by rehabilitation therapists at evaluation and discharge. The SPPB consists of balance tests, gait speed, and a timed 5-time sit-to-stand test.

Results and Discussion:
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Screening Tool for Depression was the only significant predictor of change in gait speed over an SNF stay. Eighty-seven percent of patients achieved a clinically meaningful change in the SPPB of 1 point or greater from evaluation to discharge, with 78% demonstrating a clinically meaningful change of 0.1 m/s or greater on gait speed. However, 69% of patients demonstrated SPPB scores of 6 points or less and 57% ambulated less than 0.65 m/s at the time of discharge from the SNF, which indicates severe disability.

Conclusions:
Poor physical function following an SNF stay places older adult at significant risk for adverse events including rehospitalization, future disability, and institutionalization. Understanding the predictors of functional change from evaluation to discharge may direct efforts toward developing innovative and effective interventions to improve function trajectories for older adults following an acute hospitalization.
NETO1 Guides Development of Glutamatergic Connectivity in the Hippocampus by Regulating Axonal Kainate Receptors
Authors: Orav Ester , Atanasova Tsvetomira , Shintyapina Alexandra , Kesaf Sebnem , Kokko Michela , Partanen Juha , Taira Tomi , Lauri Sari E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKainate-type glutamate receptors (KARs) are highly expressed in the developing brain, where they are tonically activated to modulate synaptic transmission, network excitability and synaptogenesis. NETO proteins are auxiliary subunits that regulate biophysical properties of KARs; however, their functions in the immature brain are not known. Here, we show that NETO1 guides the development of the rodent hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuitry via regulating axonal KARs. NETO deficiency reduced axonal targeting of most KAR subunits in hippocampal neurons in a subtype independent manner. As an interesting exception, axonal delivery of GluK1c was strongly and selectively impaired in theNeto1−/−, but notNeto2−/−, neurons. Correspondingly, the presynaptic GluK1 KAR activity that tonically inhibits glutamate release at immature CA3-CA1 synapses was completely lost in the absence of NETO1 but not NETO2. The deficit in axonal KARs atNeto1−/−neurons resulted in impaired synaptogenesis and perturbed synchronization of CA3 and CA1 neuronal populations during developmentin vitro. Both theseNeto1−/−phenotypes were fully rescued by overexpression of GluK1c, emphasizing the role of NETO1/KAR complex in development of efferent connectivity. Together, our data uncover a novel role for NETO1 in regulation of axonal KARs and identify its physiological significance in development of the CA3-CA1 circuit.
Concurrent intrathyroidal thymus and parathyroid in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Velimezis Georgios , Ioannidis Argyrios , Apostolakis Sotirios , Chorti Maria , Avramidis Charalampos , Papachristou Evripidis 
Published: June 2017

SummaryDuring embryogenesis, the thymus and inferior parathyroid glands develop from the third pharyngeal pouch and migrate to their definite position. During this process, several anatomic variations may arise, with the thyroid being one of the most common sites of ectopic implantation for both organs. Here, we report the case of a young female patient, who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The patient’s history was remarkable for disorders of the genitourinary system. Histologic examination revealed the presence of well-differentiated intrathyroidal thymic tissue, containing an inferior parathyroid gland. While each individual entity has been well documented, this is one of the few reports in which concurrent presentation is reported. Given the fact that both the thymus and the inferior parathyroid are derivatives of the same embryonic structure (i.e. the third pharyngeal pouch), it is speculated that the present condition resulted from a failure in separation and migration during organogenesis.Learning points:Intrathyroidal thymus and parathyroid are commonly found individually, but rarely concurrently.It is a benign and asymptomatic condition.Differential diagnosis during routine workup with imaging modalities can be challenging.
The Accuracy and Bias of Single-Step Genomic Prediction for Populations Under Selection
Authors: Hsu Wan-Ling , Garrick Dorian J , Fernando Rohan L 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In single-step analyses, missing genotypes are explicitly or implicitly imputed, and this requires centering the observed genotypes using the means of the unselected founders. If genotypes are only available for selected individuals, centering on the unselected founder mean is not straightforward. Here, computer simulation is used to study an alternative analysis that does not require centering genotypes but fits the mean μg of unselected individuals as a fixed effect. Starting with observed diplotypes from 721 cattle, a five-generation population was simulated with sire selection to produce 40,000 individuals with phenotypes, of which the 1000 sires had genotypes. The next generation of 8000 genotyped individuals was used for validation. Evaluations were undertaken with (J) or without (N) μg when marker covariates were not centered; and with (JC) or without (C) μg when all observed and imputed marker covariates were centered. Centering did not influence accuracy of genomic prediction, but fitting μg did. Accuracies were improved when the panel comprised only quantitative trait loci (QTL); models JC and J had accuracies of 99.4%, whereas models C and N had accuracies of 90.2%. When only markers were in the panel, the 4 models had accuracies of 80.4%. In panels that included QTL, fitting μg in the model improved accuracy, but had little impact when the panel contained only markers. In populations undergoing selection, fitting μg in the model is recommended to avoid bias and reduction in prediction accuracy due to selection.