bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penetration of resin‐based materials into initial erosion lesion: A confocal microscopic study
Authors: Ionta Franciny Querobim , Boteon Ana Paula , Moretto Marcelo Juliano , Júnior Odair Bim , Honório Heitor Marques , Silva Thiago Cruvinel , Wang Linda , Rios Daniela 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe application of resin‐based materials is an alternative of treatment for eroded lesions. Nevertheless, there are no studies about the penetration of these materials into eroded lesion, which might affect its adhesion. Therefore, this study evaluated the penetration of four resin‐based materials, with and without enamel etching. By using an in vitro protocol, types of treatment were studied at five levels (AdheSE®, Tetric N‐Bond®, Single Bond 2®, Helioseal Clear®, Icon®) and types of enamel etching in two levels (with and without). Materials were stained with 0.02 mg/mL ethanolic solution of tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Bovine enamel samples (4 × 4 mm) were immersed in 0.01 M HCl, pH 2.3, for 30 seconds to produce initial eroded lesions. Afterward, the materials were applied on half of sample enamel surface following the manufacturer's instructions. On the other half of sample, the materials were applied without etching the enamel. Materials penetration into the enamel was assessed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy on reflection and fluorescence modes. The penetration depth (PD) was measured using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey test (P < 0.05). Regardless of the material, etched enamel resulted in higher PD than non‐etched (P < 0.05). Icon® showed the highest PD in enamel followed by Helioseal Clear® (P < 0.05), with significant difference between them (P < 0.05) and no difference was found among AdheSE®, Tetric N‐Bond®, and Single Bond 2® (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that prior enamel etching increased the materials penetration into eroded enamel and the Icon®—infiltrant presented highest penetration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:72–80, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in corticosterone response and corticosteroid binding‐globulin during different breeding sub‐stages in Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
Authors: Li Mo , Sun Yanfeng , Wu Junzhe , Zhang Xiaorui , Li Juyong , Yao Yao , Liu Xuelu , Li Dongming , Wu Yuefeng 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn free‐living animals, it has been well demonstrated that the intensity of the adrenocortical response to acute restraint stress can vary with reproductive investment during breeding. The parental care hypothesis posits that the stress response is negatively correlated with parental investment in avian species. To further test this hypothesis, we examined changes in both free and total corticosterone (CORT) at baseline and stress‐induced levels (maximal CORT) and corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) capacities, in both sexes of a multi‐brooded Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus), during the nest building, the early nestling, the later egg‐laying, and the later nestling stages. Our results showed Eurasian tree sparrows did not exhibit any differences between sexes in CORT and CBG levels during the egg‐laying or nestling stages. Both sexes had lowered CBG capacities and females exhibited lower maximal CORT during the early compared to later nestling stages. In addition, both sexes had lower maximal free CORT levels during the nest building stage than those of the early nestling stages, and males expressed higher total maximal CORT levels than females during nest building stage. The variation in CORT response and CBG levels during different breeding sub‐stages in Eurasian tree sparrow may correlate with their energetic situations and parental investments.J. Exp. Zool. 325A:75–83, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Where is the Evo in Evo‐Devo (evolutionary developmental biology)?
Authors: Diogo Rui 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTI provide a brief discussion of the present/future of Evo‐Devo, reviewing opinions expressed by colleagues with different opinions/backgrounds about what Evo‐Devo should be and the potential of this flourishing field and combining them with an analysis of the recent, and excellent inaugural meeting of the Pan‐American Society for Evo‐Devo. As an advocate of Evo‐Devo and its enormous future potential, I feel that despite our different views and fields of research, we Evo‐Devoists are all in the same boat and should try our best to make sure this potential is fully expressed. Therefore, I call attention to some concerns raised by other colleagues, which in my opinion are demonstrated by a quantitative analysis of the titles/abstracts of the 56 talks at this meeting. This analysis is very simple, in order to maintain the needed objectivity and minimize bias. Yet, it is profound in its implications, precisely because of its simplicity and because this meeting is clearly a major landmark for the development/future directions of Evo‐Devo. The analysis shows that terms associated with development at the more molecular/genetic level were vastly overrepresented compared to terms related to evolution or to development at the whole organism level. That is, it provides support for the idea that current Evo‐Devo is mainly focused on Devo, and that Devo itself is largely focused on “Geno,” that is, on molecular/genetic developmental studies. This trend seems to be leading towards a loss of focus on the whole organism and on the major microevolutionary and macroevolutionary questions/theories that remain to be solved/tested. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 326B:9–18, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orienting Triangulations
Authors: Albar Boris , Gonçalves Daniel , Knauer Kolja 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe prove that any triangulation of a surface different from the sphere and the projective plane admits an orientation without sinks such that every vertex has outdegree divisible by three. This confirms a conjecture of Barát and Thomassen and is a step toward a generalization of Schnyder woods to higher genus surfaces.
Exploring the Online Communicative Themes of Child Sex Offenders
Authors: McManus Michelle A. , Almond Louise , Cubbon Ben , Boulton Laura , Mears Ian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis exploratory study aimed to examine online communications between contact reality and non‐contact fantasy child sex offenders (CSOs). This research wanted to ascertain whether it was possible to differentiate between these offenders based on the content of their online communications, something which has not previously been examined. The sample consisted of five contact reality and seven non‐contact fantasy offenders, all convicted of a Child Sex Offence. Content analysis revealed 26 them. Results showed that non‐contact fantasy offenders discussed Adult sexual relationships significantly more than contact reality offenders. All other comparisons were non‐significant. The themes were then grouped into five higher order themes: (i) Adult relationships, (ii) Child sexual interest, (iii) Media, (iv) Sexual self, and (v) Rapport. The average largest proportion of the online communication related to Child sexual interest (34%) followed by Rapport (28%). There were no significant differences between the two types of offenders in relation to these five higher order themes. Explanations for the findings are discussed with implications for police investigations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construct damage and loosening around glenoid implants: A longitudinal micro‐CT study of five cadaver specimens
Authors: Lewis Gregory S. , Brenza Jacob B. , Paul Emmanuel M. , Armstrong April D. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe evolution of failure of bone and cement leading to loosening of glenoid components following shoulder arthroplasty is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and visualize potential mechanisms of mechanical failure within cadavers, cemented with two types of components, and subject to cyclic loading. Five glenoid cadaver bones were implanted with either a three‐pegged polyethylene component, or prototype posteriorly augmented component which addresses posterior bone loss. Specimens were loaded by constant glenohumeral compression combined with cyclic anterior–posterior displacement of the humeral head relative to the glenoid. At six time points across 100,000 cycles, implant loosening micromotions were optically measured, and specimens were imaged by micro‐computed tomography. Scans were 3D registered and inspected for crack initiation and progression, and micro‐CT based time‐lapse movies were created. Cement cracking initiated at stress concentrations and progressed with additional cyclic loading. Failure planes within trabecular bone and the bone–cement interface were identified in four of the five specimens. Implant subsidence increased to greater than 1.0 mm in two specimens. Cemented glenoid structural failure can occur within the cement, along planes of trabecular bone, or at the bone cement interface. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1053–1060, 2016.
Stage II differentiated thyroid cancer: A mixed bag
Authors: Pathak Kumar Alok , Klonisch Thomas C. , Nason Richard W. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesAJCC‐TNM Stage II well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) comprises T2N0M0 tumors in patients ≥45 years of age or metastatic WDTC in patients younger than 45 years. The objectives of this study were to assess the oncological outcome of stage II WDTC and to compare the oncological outcome of metastatic WDTC in patient younger (stage II) and older (stage IVC) than 45 years.MethodsThis study involved review of clinical presentation and oncological outcome of population cohort of 2,128 consecutive WDTC, diagnosed during 1970–2010 that includes 215 Stage II WDTC and 61 metastatic WDTC. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess independent impact of prognostic factors on disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) as calculated by Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsMetastatic and non‐metastatic stage II WDTC had a 15‐year DSS of 41.7% and 96.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed a 52 times higher risk of death in metastatic stage II WDTC and the DSS of metastatic stage II WDTC was not statistically different from that of stage IVC WDTC.ConclusionMetastatic stage II WDTC is very different from non‐metastatic stage II WDTC with oncological outcome similar to stage IVC WDTC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:94–97. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of preoperative breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for surgical decision in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Jung Jin Hyang , Kim Wan Wook , Hwang Seung Ook , Kim Hye Jung , Park Ji Young , Chae Yee Soo , Yang Jung Dug , Park Ho Yong 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundSeveral reliable randomized studies do not recommend routine preoperative breast MR imaging for patients with breast cancer. However, because the principle of MR imaging is based on the dynamics of contrast enhancement, a specific biologic subgroup of tumors should sensitively respond to the imaging process.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2013, 918 eligible patients with breast cancer underwent breast surgery and were divided into two groups based on preoperative breast MR findings: patients in whom the surgical plan was changed and those in whom the surgical plan remained unchanged. We investigated the changing patterns of breast surgery based on routine mammography, ultrasound, and preoperative breast magnetic resonance (MR) findings and analyzed the association between additional suspicious lesions on breast MR imaging and clinicopathologic factors.ResultsAdditional suspicious breast lesions were detected on preoperative MR imaging in 104 cases (11.3%), and the surgical strategy was changed as the final decision in 97 cases (10.6%). There was no difference between oncologic results between two groups. However, the triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) was significantly associated with changing of the surgical strategy based on breast MR findings (P = 0.048).ConclusionsAdditional preoperative breast MR imaging may be helpful in surgical decision for patients with TNBC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:12–16. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescent Unimolecular Conjugated Polymeric Micelles for Biological Applications
Authors: Qiu Feng , Huang Yu , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: December 2015

Over the past decades, fluorescent conjugated polymers with unique optical properties have been well developed and widely applied in biological science. However, the emission of conjugated polymers is weakened dramatically in an aggregate state due to the strong intermolecular interaction from hydrophobic conjugated segments. Recently, the unimolecular conjugated polymeric micelles (UCPMs), consisting of hydrophobic conjugated polymer core and flexible hydrophilic polymer shell, have become one of effective ways to solve the fluorescence quenching in aqueous medium. In this progress report, the typical fabrication methods, self‐assembly characteristics, and optical properties of UCPMs are summarized and then their current advances in various biomedical fields, including living cell imaging, drug release monitoring, target protein labeling, gene transfection, bacterial detection, and DNA sensors, are discussed.
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Identification of regions within the Legionella pneumophila VipA effector protein involved in actin binding and polymerization and in interference with eukaryotic organelle trafficking
Authors: Bugalhão Joana N. , Mota Luís Jaime , Franco Irina S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Legionella pneumophila effector protein VipA is an actin nucleator that co‐localizes with actin filaments and early endosomes in infected macrophages and which interferes with organelle trafficking when expressed in yeast. To identify the regions of VipA involved in its subcellular localization and functions, we ectopically expressed specific VipA mutant proteins in eukaryotic cells. This indicated that the characteristic punctate distribution of VipA depends on its NH2‐terminal (amino acid residues 1–133) and central coiled‐coil (amino acid residues 133–206) regions, and suggested a role for the COOH‐terminal (amino acid residues 206–339) region in association with actin filaments and for the NH2‐terminal in co‐localization with early endosomes. Co‐immunoprecipitation and in vitro assays showed that the COOH‐terminal region of VipA is necessary and sufficient to mediate actin binding, and is essential but insufficient to induce microfilament formation. Assays in yeast revealed that the NH2 and the COOH‐terminal regions, and possibly an NPY motif within the NH2 region of VipA, are necessary for interference with organelle trafficking. Overall, this suggests that subversion of eukaryotic vesicular trafficking by VipA involves both its ability to associate with early endosomes via its NH2‐terminal region and its capacity to bind and polymerize actin through its COOH‐terminal region.
Mulberry and cherry anthocyanin consumption prevents oxidative stress and inflammation in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Wu Tao , Yin Jinjin , Zhang Guohua , Long Hairong , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: December 2015

ScopeThis study aimed to determine whether cherry anthocyanin (CA) and mulberry anthocyanin (MA) can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with developing obesity in mice fed with high‐fat diet (HFD).Methods and resultsCA and MA were added in the daily food of mice throughout the experiment. Sixty mice were randomly divided into two groups: a low‐fat diet (LFD, n = 12) group and HFD (n = 48) group. Mice in the HFD group were supplied with a HFD for 8 wks to induce obesity. The HFD‐fed mice were then divided into four subgroups for another 8‐wk experiment. The subgroups included the control group, HFD plus Orlistat group, and HFD plus CA or MA group, with each group consisting of 12 mice. Consumption of CA and MA at 200 mg/kg food reduced bodyweight gain by 29.6 and 32.7%, respectively, in HFD‐fed C57BL/6 mice. CA and MA supplementation could effectively improve the lipid profiles, decrease serum glucose and leptin levels, reduce MDA production, increase SOD and GPX activities, and down‐regulate the expression of the TNFα, IL‐6, iNOS, and NF‐кB genes.ConclusionTherefore, MA and CA can potentially alter bodyweight by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in diet‐induced obesity.
The effect of dissolved oxygen on the relaxation rates of blood plasma: Implications for hyperoxia calibrated BOLD
Authors: Ma Yuhan , Berman Avery J.L. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo determine the contribution of paramagnetic dissolved oxygen in blood plasma to blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal changes in hyperoxic calibrated BOLD studies.MethodsBovine blood plasma samples were prepared with partial pressures of oxygen (pO2) ranging from 110 to 600 mmHg. R1, R2, and R2* of the plasma with dissolved oxygen were measured using quantitative MRI sequences at 3 Tesla. Simulations were performed to predict the relative effects of dissolved oxygen and deoxyhemoglobin changes in hyperoxia calibrated BOLD.ResultsThe relaxivities of dissolved oxygen in plasma were found to be r1, O2 =1.97 ± 0.09 ×10‐4 s‐1mmHg‐1, r2, O2 =2.3 ± 0.7 ×10‐4 s‐1mmHg‐1, and r2, O2* = 2.3 ± 0.7 ×10‐4 s‐1mmHg‐1. Simulations predict that neither the transverse nor longitudinal relaxation rates of dissolved oxygen contribute significantly to the BOLD signal during hyperoxia.ConclusionDuring hyperoxia, the increases in R2 and R2* of blood from dissolved oxygen in plasma are considerably less than the decreases in R2 and R2* from venous deoxyhemoglobin. R1 effects due to dissolved oxygen are also predicted to be negligible. As a result, dissolved oxygen in arteries should not contribute significantly to the hyperoxic calibrated BOLD signal. Magn Reson Med 76:1905–1911, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Lithalsas in the Sentsa River Valley, Eastern Sayan Mountains, Southern Russia
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K. , Alexeev Sergey V. , Arzhannikov Sergey G. , Alexeeva Ludmila P. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Chizhova Julia N. , Arzhannikova Anastasia V. , Vasil'chuk Alla C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPerennial frost mounds identified as lithalsas occur in the Sentsa River valley of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, Russia. We report the first detailed study of permafrost in this region, based on analysis of the cryostructure and distribution of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, and ion concentrations from the ice‐rich cores of two lithalsas 3–7 m high. Their main cryostructures are reticulate and lenticular, with visible ice contents exceeding 50–60%. The vertical and lateral distribution of δ18О and δD values show a step‐by‐step mechanism of lithalsa growth: in the first stage a large lithalsa formed, and in the second stage a small lithalsa formed. The more negative isotope values of ice in the large lithalsa ice probably resulted from gradual release of isotopically depleted water from the central to peripheral part of the massif during ice segregation in water‐saturated fine‐grained lake sediments. Minor variations of isotope values suggest intensive recharge of lake‐fen and meteoric water supply during freezing and lithalsa growth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Degradation of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD)
Authors: Oxley Jimmie C. , Smith James L. , Porter Matthew , McLennan Lindsay , Colizza Kevin , Zeiri Yehuda , Kosloff Ronnie , Dubnikova Faina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe synthesis and decomposition of hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) were studied. Mechanisms were proposed based on isotopic labeling and mass spectral interpretation of both condensed phase products and head‐space products. Formation of HMTD from hexamine appeared to proceed from dissociated hexamine as evident from scrambling of the 15N label when synthesis was carried out with equal molar labeled/unlabeled hexamine. Decomposition of HMTD was considered with additives and in the presence and absence of moisture. In addition to mass spectral interpretation, density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate energy differences of transition states and the entropies of intermediates along different possible decomposition pathways. HMTD is destabilized by water and citric acid making purification following initial synthesis essential in order to avoid unanticipated violent reaction.
Landslide hydrology: from hydrology to pore pressure
Authors: Bogaard Thom A. , Greco Roberto 
Published: December 2015

Rainfall‐triggered landslides are among the most widespread hazards in the world. The hydrology in and around a landslide area is key to pore pressure buildup in the soil skeleton which reduces shear strength due to the buoyancy force exerted by water in a saturated soil and to soil suction in an unsaturated soil. Extraordinary precipitation events trigger most of the landslides, but, at the same time, the vast majority of slopes do not fail. The intriguing question is: ‘When and where exactly can a slope become triggered to slide and flow downwards?’ The objective of this article is to present and discuss landslide hydrology at three scales—pore, hillslope, and catchment—which, taken together, give an overview of this interdisciplinary science. We argue that ‘filling, storing, and draining’ of water are all equally relevant to understand and to quantify landslide behavior. Furthermore, by addressing landslide hydrology from both earth sciences and soil mechanics perspectives, we aim to manifest the hydrological processes in hillslopes and their influence on behavior and triggering of landslides and vice versa. The challenge of landslide hydrological research is matching, at hillslope scale, causal hydrological processes with detailed physics of triggering mechanisms. At the same time, mass movements initiate changes in the hydraulic character of the soil which are important for better understanding short‐ and long‐term hydrogeomorphic responses of soil and hillslope. Interdisciplinarity is key in advancing our knowledge on water flows in (un)stable slopes. WIREs Water 2016, 3:439–459. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1126This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Evaluating damage in optical elements using an amplified spontaneous emission beam
Authors: Zhou Qiong , Wang Jiangfeng , Guo Yajing , Liu Dean , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: December 2015

A method to evaluate damage in optical elements with the near field of an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) beam has been developed. Local peak intensities are generally distributed randomly in the near field of a laser beam. The partial coherence of the ASE source results in a very smooth beam profile. The coherence time of ASE is much less than the pulse width. Small-scale intensity modulations can be smoothed out rapidly within the time of a pulse width. In the experiments, ASE is generated from a multifunctional high-performance Nd:glass system, with a pulse duration of 3 ns, a spectral width (full width at half maximum, FWHM) of 1 nm and an adjustable energy range from 1 to 10 J. The damage thresholds of samples induced by ASE are two to three times higher than those induced by a laser with the same size of test spot. Furthermore, the ASE beam has great potential for the detection of defects over a large area and the conditioning of optical elements.