bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of A-scan Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography to Differentiate Papilledema From Pseudopapilledema
Authors: Saenz Roberto , Cheng Han , Prager Thomas C. , Frishman Laura J. , Tang Rosa A. 
Published: November 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
Differentiating papilledema from pseudopapilledema reflecting tilted/crowded optic discs or disc drusen is critical but can be challenging. Our study suggests that spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retrobulbar optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by A-scan ultrasound provide useful information when differentiating the two conditions.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the use of A-scan ultrasound and spectral-domain OCT retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in differentiating papilledema associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension from pseudopapilledema.

METHODS
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis included 23 papilledema and 28 pseudopapilledema patients. Ultrasound-measured ONSD at primary gaze, percent change in ONSD at lateral gaze (30° test), and peripapillary RNFLT were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed using one eye from each subject.

RESULTS
Compared with pseudopapilledema, papilledema eyes showed larger mean ONSD (5.4 ± 0.6 vs. 4.0 ± 0.3 mm, P < .0001), greater change of ONSD at lateral gaze (22.4 ± 8.4% vs. 2.8 ± 4.8%, P < .0001), and thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (219.1 ± 104.6 vs. 102.4 ± 20.1 μm, P < .0001). Optic nerve sheath diameter and 30° test had the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.98 and 0.97, respectively; followed by inferior quadrant (0.90) and average RNFLT (0.87). All papilledema eyes with Frisén scale greater than grade II were accurately diagnosed by ONSD, 30° test, or OCT. In mild papilledema (Frisén scale grades I and II, n = 15), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve remained high for ONSD (0.95) and 30° test (0.93) but decreased to 0.61 to 0.71 for RNFLT. At 95% specificity, sensitivities for ONSD, 30° test, and RNFLT were 91.3%, 91.3%, and 56.5%, respectively, for the entire papilledema group and 80.0%, 86.7%, and 13.3% for the mild papilledema subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness can potentially be used to detect moderate to severe papilledema. A-scan may further assist differentiation of mild papilledema from pseudopapilledema.
The Natural History of Idiopathic Scoliosis During Growth
Authors: Di Felice Francesca , Zaina Fabio , Donzelli Sabrina , Negrini Stefano 
Published: November 2017

Objective
The aim of the study was to provide a meta-analysis of current literature concerning the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis during growth.

Design
A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, And Scopus databases was conducted up to November 2016. Eligible works were prospective or retrospective studies that enrolled patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis, juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, followed up without any treatment from the time of detection. A meta-analysis for proportion was performed. The following studies were grouped per diagnosis: infantile idiopathic scoliosis, juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Results
Of the 1797 citations screened, we assessed 61 full-text articles and included 13 of these (2301 participants). Three studies included infantile idiopathic scoliosis patients (347 participants), five studies included a mixed population of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (1330 participants), and five studies included adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients only (624 participants). The random pooled estimated progression rate was 49% (95% confidence interval = 1%–97%) for infantile idiopathic scoliosis, 49% in a mixed group of patients affected by juvenile idiopathic scoliosis or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (95% confidence interval = 19%–79%), and 42% in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (95% confidence interval = 11%–73%).

Conclusions
During growth, idiopathic scoliosis tends to progress in a high percentage of cases. The progression rate varies according to the age at diagnosis, with infantile scoliosis being the most unpredictable. There are many confounders, such as age, Risser sign and baseline Cobb angles that were not consistent among studies, making the data very heterogeneous.
Alignment Strategy for Constricted Maxillary Dental Arch in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Fixed Orthodontic Appliance
Authors: Park Yoon-Hee , Park Sumin , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the alignment pattern of the constricted maxillary dental arch by fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) in the well-aligned and constricted arches of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients. 19 UCLP patients were divided into Group 1 (well-aligned arch, n = 9) and Group 2 (constricted arch, n = 10). After the cephalometric and maxillary dental arch variables before (T1) and after FOT (T2) were measured, statistical analysis was performed. There were no significant differences in the surgical timing of cheiloplasty, palatoplasty, and secondary alveolar bone grafting and in the surgical method of cheiloplasty between the 2 groups. However, Group 2 had a higher percentage of palatoplasty method, which could leave the denuded bone for secondary healing than Group 1 (P < 0.05). Although Group 2 showed more constriction and asymmetry in the maxillary dental arch compared to Group 1 at the T1 stage (inter-second premolar width, greater segment angle [GSA], and lesser segment angle [LSA], all P < 0.05), these problems could be effectively resolved by FOT. As a result, at the stage T2, there was no significant difference in all the variables between the 2 groups. During T1-T2, there was a different pattern in change of variables between Groups 1 and 2 (anterior segment angle in the greater segment [P < 0.05] in Group 1 and U1-SN [P < 0.01], inter-molar width [P < 0.05], GSA [P < 0.05[, and LSA [P < 0.01] in Group 2). Therefore, according to the maxillary dental arch shape, different strategy is necessary to obtain proper alignment by FOT.
Comparative Cost Analysis of Single and Mutli-Stage Temporal Deformity Correction Following Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Asemota Anthony , Santiago Gabriel F. , Zhong Susan , Gordon Chad R. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
Temporal hollowing deformity (THD) is a visible concavity/convexity in the temporal fossa; a complication often seen following neurosurgical/craniofacial procedures. Although numerous techniques have been described, no study to date has shown the healthcare costs associated with temporal hollowing correction surgery. Thus, the purpose here is to compare and contrast the direct costs related to temporal cranioplasty using various methods including: liquid poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) implants with screw fixation, prebent, modified titanium mesh implants, and customized cranial implants (CCIs) with dual-purpose design. Understanding the financial implications related to this frequently encountered complication will help to motivate surgeons/healthcare facilities to better prevent and manage THD.

Methods:
This is a single-surgeon, single-institution retrospective review of 23 THD patients randomly selected from between 2008 and 2015. Cost analysis variables include length of hospital stay, facility/professional fees, implant material fees, payer information, reimbursement rate, and net revenue.

Results:
Of the 23 patients, ages ranged from 23 to 68 years with a mean of 48.3 years (SD 11.6). Within this cohort, 39.1% received dual-purpose PMMA CCIs (CCI PLUS), 17.4% received modified titanium mesh implants, and 43.5% received hand-molded, liquid PMMA implants with screw fixation. Total facility and/or professional charges ranged from $1978.00 to $126478.00. Average total facility charges per patient with dual-purpose CCIs were $34775.89 (SD ± $22205.09) versus $35826.00 (SD ± $23509.93) for modified titanium mesh implants and $46547.90 (SD ± 81061.70) for liquid PMMA implants with screws. Mean length of inpatient stay was 5.7 days (SD = 8.1), and did not differ between implant types (P = 0.387).

Conclusion:
Temporal hollowing deformity is an expensive complication post-neurosurgery, and in the most severe form, requires a revision surgery for definitive correction. Therefore, surgeons should take further initiatives to employ reconstructive methods capable of minimizing risk for costly revision surgery, reducing morbidity related to visible deformity and accompanying social stigmata, and improving overall patient satisfaction.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Accessory Infraorbital Foramen and Determination of Infraorbital Foramen Position
Authors: Ali Ibrahim K. , Sansare Kaustubh , Karjodkar Freny R. , Salve Prashant 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
There is no evidence about evaluating accessory infraorbital foramen by 3-dimensional analysis like multi slice computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in human subjects. To authors’ best knowledge this is a first study to assess the accessory infraorbital foramen and position of infraorbital foramen in relation to crown of maxillary teeth using CBCT. This study primarily aimed to assess the location and number of accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF), to measure the distance between main infraorbital foramen and AIOF and secondarily to determine the position of infraorbital foramen in relation to crowns of maxillary second premolar, first molar, and second molar. Cone beam computed tomography volumes of 200 patients were retrieved from the digital imaging and communications in medicine archive folder. Accessory infraorbital foramen was recognized in 29% of the patients among whom 46.6% were present on the right side, 31% on the left side, and 22.4% located bilaterally. The most frequent position of infraorbital foramen was found to be in line with crown of second premolar. The presence of AIOF and inability to recognize it in preoperative evaluation could be considered among the other reasons of failure or incomplete anesthesia.
Relationship Between Sensory Dysfunction and Walking Speed in Patients With Clinically Isolated Syndrome
Authors: Krbot Skorić Magdalena , Crnošija Luka , Gabelić Tereza , Adamec Ivan , Habek Mario 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between sensory dysfunction examined with somatosensory-evoked potentials of the posterior tibial nerve (tSSEP) and walking speed in patients with clinically isolated syndrome.

Methods:
In 120 patients (mean age 32.2 ± 8.7 years, 84 females), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW), brain and spinal cord MRI, and tSSEP were performed. P40 latencies and N22a-P40 interlatencies were analyzed, and the z-score for each latency was calculated and combined into total tSSEP z-score.

Results:
T25FW significantly correlated with total tSSEP z-score (rs = 0.211; P = 0.021). When looking at each component of the tSSEP separately, T25FW significantly correlated with z-scores of P40 wave latencies (rs = 0.223; P = 0.014) and N22a-P40 interlatencies (rs = 0.241; P = 0.008) of the left side. There were no significant correlations with N22a wave latencies. Patients who presented with transverse myelitis (N = 41) and patients who had spinal cord lesions on MRI (N = 53) had significantly higher total tSSEP z-score compared with other patients (0.07 vs. −0.28, P = 0.019 and −0.02 vs. −0.38 P = 0.023; respectively). Somatosensory-evoked potentials of the posterior tibial nerve z-score corrected for age, sex, cervical spinal cord MRI lesions, and total number of supratentorial T2 lesions was a statistically significant predictor for T25FW (B = 0.267, P = 0.023).

Conclusions:
Spinal somatosensory dysfunction is one of the factors associated with reduction in walking speed in early patients with multiple sclerosis. Somatosensory-evoked potentials of the posterior tibial nerve may potentially be useful in identifying patients at higher risk for the development of walking impairment in the future.
Reduced tubular degradation of glomerular filtered plasma albumin is a common feature in acute and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Han Yingjie , Ly Nguyen D K , Tesch Greg H , Poronnik Philip , Nikolic‐Paterson David J 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTubular epithelial cells take up and degrade plasma albumin filtered by the glomerulus. Tubular damage resulting in reduced albumin uptake or degradation has been suggested as one mechanism contributing to albuminuria in kidney disease. This study investigated whether tubular albumin uptake or degradation is altered in acute and chronic glomerular disease. Mouse models of acute glomerular injury (anti‐GBM disease and LPS‐induced albuminuria) and chronic disease (streptozotocin‐induced diabetes and db/db mice) were examined. Mice were injected intravenously with Alexa‐albumin plus DQ‐albumin and killed 20 minutes later. Tubular uptake of albumin (Alexa‐albumin) and albumin degradation (Dye Quenched (DQ)‐albumin) was assessed in tissue sections via confocal microscopy. Tubular uptake of Alexa‐albumin in the models of diabetic nephropathy was not different to normal mice. However, the fluorescence signal resulting from degradation of DQ‐albumin was significantly reduced in db/db mice, and the ratio of degraded to intact albumin was reduced in both models. The ratio of degraded to intact albumin in tubules was also reduced in the anti‐GBM model. In the LPS model, both tubular uptake and degradation of albumin were significantly reduced, with a substantial reduction in the ratio of degraded to intact albumin in tubules. LPS stimulation of cultured tubular epithelial cells inhibited albumin uptake, indicating a direct role for LPS in modifying tubular handling of albumin. In conclusion, reduced degradation of filtered albumin in the proximal tubule is a common feature of glomerular diseases. This may be a general mechanism whereby tubular dysfunction contributes to the development of albuminuria.
Trehalose, a temperature‐ and salt‐induced solute with implications in pathobiology of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Zeidler Sabine , Hubloher Josephine , Schabacker Kim , Lamosa Pedro , Santos Helena , Müller Volker 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic human pathogen that has become a global threat to healthcare institutions worldwide. A major factor contributing to success of this bacterium is its outstanding ability to survive on dry surfaces. The molecular basis for desiccation resistance is not completely understood. This study focused on growth under osmotic stress and aimed to identify the pool of compatible solutes synthesized in response to these low water activity conditions. A. baumannii produced mannitol as compatible solute, but in contrast to Acinetobacter baylyi, also trehalose was accumulated in response to increasing NaCl concentrations. The genome of A. baumannii encodes a trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase (OtsB) and a trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase (OtsA). Deletion of otsB abolished trehalose formation, demonstrating that otsB is essential for trehalose biosynthesis. Growth of the mutant was neither impaired at low salt nor at 500 mM NaCl, but it did not grow at high temperatures, indicating a dual function of trehalose in osmo‐ and thermoprotection. This led us to analyse temperature dependence of trehalose formation. Indeed, expression of otsB was not only induced by high osmolarity but also by high temperature. Concurrently, trehalose was accumulated in cells grown at high temperature. Taken together, these data point to an important role of trehalose in A. baumannii beyond osmoprotection.
Characterization of the toxin Plx2A, a RhoA‐targeting ADP‐ribosyltransferase produced by the honey bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Ebeling Julia , Fünfhaus Anne , Knispel Henriette , Krska Daniel , Ravulapalli Ravikiran , Heney Kayla A. , Lugo Miguel R. , Merrill A. Rod , Genersch Elke 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe toxin Plx2A is an important virulence factor of Paenibacillus larvae, the etiological agent of American Foulbrood, the most destructive bacterial disease of honey bees. Biochemical and functional analyses as well as the crystal structure of Plx2A revealed that it belongs to the C3 mono‐ADP‐ribosylating toxin subgroup. RhoA was identified as the cellular target of Plx2A activity. The kinetic parameters (KM, kcat) were established for both the transferase and glycohydrolase reactions. When expressed in yeast, Plx2A was cytotoxic for eukaryotic cells and catalytic variants confirmed that the cytotoxicity of Plx2A depends on its enzymatic activity. The crystal structure of Plx2A was solved to 1.65 Å and confirmed that it is a C3‐like toxin, although with a new molecular twist, it has a B‐domain. A molecular model of the ‘active’ enzyme conformation in complex with NAD+ was produced by computational methods based on the recent structure of C3bot1 with RhoA. In murine macrophages, Plx2A induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization while in insect cells, vacuolization and the occurrence of bi‐nucleated cells was observed. The latter is indicative of an inhibition of cytokinesis. All these cellular effects are consistent with Plx2A inhibiting the activity of RhoA by covalent modification.
Inhibiting bacterial quorum sensing arrests coral disease development and disease‐associated microbes
Authors: Certner Rebecca H. , Vollmer Steven V. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAmong the greatest threats to coral reefs are coral epizootics, which are increasing in frequency and severity across many reef ecosystems. In particular, white band disease (WBD) has devastated Caribbean acroporid populations since its initial outbreak in 1979. However, despite its widespread and damaging effects, the aetiology of WBD remains largely unresolved. Here, we examine the role of quorum sensing within bacterial communities associated with WBD‐infected Acropora cervicornis. Microbial communities isolated from WBD‐infected corals were exposed to quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) – a N‐acyl homoserine lactone autoinducer antagonist – and then dosed onto healthy test corals. WBD‐associated bacteria supplemented with QSI lost the ability to establish disease, while healthy corals exposed to uninhibited WBD bacterial communities became infected within two days. Microbial 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing analyses were then used to identify shifts in bacterial communities due to QSI exposure on WBD‐associated bacterial communities. Our results demonstrated that Vibrionaceae and Flavobacteriaceae abundances were strongly inhibited by the addition of QSI to WBD‐infected corals, whereas putative coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and Halomonadaceae abundances decrease dramatically in diseased corals.
Sympatric kelp species share a large portion of their surface bacterial communities
Authors: Lemay Matthew A. , Martone Patrick T. , Keeling Patrick J. , Burt Jenn M. , Krumhansl Kira A. , Sanders Rhea D. , Wegener Parfrey Laura 
Published: November 2017

SummaryKelp forest ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots, providing habitat for dense assemblages of marine organisms and nutrients for marine and terrestrial food webs. The surfaces of kelps support diverse microbial communities that facilitate the transfer of carbon from algal primary production to higher trophic levels. We quantified the diversity of bacteria on the surfaces of eight sympatric kelp species from four sites in British Columbia. Kelp‐associated bacterial communities are significantly different from their environment, even though 86% of their bacterial taxa are shared with seawater and 97% are shared with rocky substrate. This differentiation is driven by differences in relative abundance of the bacterial taxa present. Similarly, a large portion of bacterial taxa (37%) is shared among all eight kelp species, yet differential abundance of bacterial taxa underlies differences in community structure among species. Kelp‐associated bacterial diversity does not track host phylogeny; instead bacterial community composition is correlated with the life‐history strategy of the host, with annual and perennial kelps supporting divergent bacterial communities. These data provide the first community‐scale investigation of kelp forest‐associated bacterial diversity. More broadly, this study provides insight into mechanisms that may structure bacterial communities among closely related sympatric host species.
Obligate sugar oxidation in Mesotoga spp., phylum Thermotogae, in the presence of either elemental sulfur or hydrogenotrophic sulfate‐reducers as electron acceptor
Authors: Fadhlaoui Khaled , Ben Hania Wagdi , Armougom Fabrice , Bartoli Manon , Fardeau Marie‐Laure , Erauso Gaël , Brasseur Gaël , Aubert Corinne , Hamdi Moktar , Brochier‐Armanet Céline , Dolla Alain , Ollivier Bernard 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMesotoga prima strain PhosAc3 is a mesophilic representative of the phylum Thermotogae comprising only fermentative bacteria so far. We show that while unable to ferment glucose, this bacterium is able to couple its oxidation to reduction of elemental sulfur. We demonstrate furthermore that M. prima strain PhosAc3 as well as M. prima strain MesG1 and Mesotoga infera are able to grow in syntrophic association with sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) acting as hydrogen scavengers through interspecies hydrogen transfer. Hydrogen production was higher in M. prima strain PhosAc3 cells co‐cultured with SRB than in cells cultured alone in the presence of elemental sulfur. We propose that the efficient sugar‐oxidizing metabolism by M. prima strain PhosAc3 in syntrophic association with a hydrogenotrophic sulfate‐reducing bacterium can be extrapolated to all members of the Mesotoga genus. Genome comparison of Thermotogae members suggests that the metabolic difference between Mesotoga and Thermotoga species (sugar oxidation versus fermentation) is mainly due to the absence of the bifurcating [FeFe]‐hydrogenase in the former. Such an obligate oxidative process for using sugars, unusual within prokaryotes, is the first reported within the Thermotogae. It is hypothesized to be of primary ecological importance for growth of Mesotoga spp. in the environments that they inhabit.
Reality or Illusion? The Efficacy of Non‐market Strategy in Institutional Risk Reduction
Authors: Liedong Tahiru Azaaviele , Rajwani Tazeeb , Mellahi Kamel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNon‐market strategy researchers have postulated that political and social strategies reduce the exposure of firms to risk, but those arguments have received little empirical attention. In this paper, we integrate social capital and institutional theories to examine the efficacy of managerial political ties (MPTs) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in institutional risk reduction. Using survey data from 179 firms in Ghana we find that, whereas CSR reduces institutional risk exposure, MPTs do not. We also find that the effect of MPTs on risk exposure is moderated by public affairs functions. Contrary to extant literature, we do not find evidence of complementarity between MPTs and CSR. Altogether, the findings not only show that the proposed efficacy of MPTs in risk reduction is illusive, but they also signal the need for scrutinizing the harmony between non‐market political and social strategies.