bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A chitinase from Euphorbia characias latex is a novel and powerful plant‐based pesticide against Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Martos S. , Spanò D. , Agustí N. , Poschenrieder C. , Pintus F. , Moles L. , Medda R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDrosophila suzukii attacks on developing soft fruits have recently caused important economic losses in Europe. This study explores the effectiveness of a new control strategy against this insect pest that is based on a plant chitinase extracted from the latex of the Mediterranean spurge, Euphorbia characias. The ability of the purified Euphorbia latex chitinase (ELC) to degrade the chitin exoskeleton of D. suzukii was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. ELC treatment caused reduced larval growth, higher mortality and notable degradation of external insect structures. Therefore, the chitinase may induce a double effect on the D. suzukii larvae, a direct injury on the larval bodies and an action as antifeedant. The effects of the ELC treatment were also tested on leaves of the insect's host plants, Fragaria × ananassa and Rubus idaeus, using physiological parameters (chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange and water potential) and defence gene expression (FaPGIP, FaChi2_1 and FaChi2_2) as stress indicators. ELC at concentrations effective against D. suzukii did not damage the host plants. Only plant defence gene expression was somewhat enhanced during the early hours after ELC application. In conclusion, ELC, a natural product, proved to be an effective tool for use in the development of an environmentally friendly integrated management strategy against D. suzukii, a pest whose control by conventional chemical insecticides is problematic.
Hardystonite‐Coated Poly(l‐lactide) Nanofibrous Scaffold and Efficient Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Tavangar Banafsheh , Arasteh Shaghayegh , Edalatkhah Haleh , Salimi Ali , Doostmohammadi Ali , Seyedjafari Ehsan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, a ceramic‐coated nanofibrous scaffold has been fabricated to biomimic the microstructure of natural extracellular matrix and the stiffening inorganic compartment of bone. Poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers were electrospun and exposed to oxygen plasma to induce hydrophilicity and promote ceramic adsorption. Hardystonite (HS), which possesses superior osteoinduction potential over hydroxyapatite, was coated on plasma‐treated PLLA nanofibers by drenching the nanofibers in HS suspension. Pure and composite PLLA‐based scaffolds were characterized in terms of physical and biological properties. In vitro cultivation of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) on the scaffolds displayed that the composite scaffold is able to further support cell attachment and proliferation. In case of osteogenic differentiation of AMSCs, HS coating significantly increased the synthesis and activity of alkaline phosphate over 21 days period. In addition, the composite scaffold showed improved mineralization. The expression level of osteonectin and osteocalcin genes was significantly enhanced by HS coating of nanofibers. The biological improvement of PLLA nanofibrous matrix in the presence of HS nanoparticles could either be attributed to the release and stimulatory effect of constituent ions of HS or to the modification of chemico‐physical properties of the resultant ceramic by silicon and zinc present in HS.
Eplerenone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy–a randomized controlled prospective study
Authors: Schwartz Roy , Habot‐Wilner Zohar , Martinez Michael R. , Nutman Amir , Goldenberg Dafna , Cohen Shai , Shulman Shiri , Guzner‐Gur Hanan , Loewenstein Anat , Goldstein Michaella 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of eplerenone for chronic nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).MethodsProspective, double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled study. Nineteen eyes of 17 patients with persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) due to CSC were enrolled and randomized to receive eplerenone 50 mg/day or placebo for 3 months, followed by a 3‐month follow‐up. The main outcome measure was change in SRF from baseline to 3 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes included change in SRF at any time‐point, complete resolution of SRF, improvement in choroidal thickness and change in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ResultsThirteen eyes were treated with eplerenone and six with placebo. Both groups showed reduction in SRF throughout the treatment period, with a significant reduction at months 1, 3 and 5 only in the treatment group. Twenty‐three per cent in the treatment group and 30.8% per cent in the placebo group experienced complete resolution of SRF. A significant improvement in BCVA was noted in the placebo group at 4 months, as well as a significant difference in BCVA between groups at 3 months in favour of the placebo group (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in choroidal thickness in either group throughout the study period. No adverse events related to eplerenone were noted in the treatment group.ConclusionIn this study, eplerenone was not found to be superior to placebo in eyes with chronic CSC.
Cricopharyngeal dysphagia and phenobarbitone‐responsive sialoadenosis in a Miniature Poodle
Authors: McCann SAM , le Chevoir M , Lacorcia L , Wernham BGJ , Mansfield CS 
Published: June 2017

Case reportAn 11‐year‐old male neutered Miniature Poodle was investigated for ptyalism, weight loss and anorexia. Cricopharyngeal dysphagia was diagnosed using fluoroscopy, and non‐inflammatory salivary disease was diagnosed using a combination of cytology and computed tomography. The dog was successfully managed with phenobarbitone.ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge this is the first time acquired cricopharyngeal dysphagia and phenobarbitone‐responsive sialoadenosis have been described together.
Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange in free‐ranging koala populations in Victoria and South Australia: a case series
Authors: Speight KN , Whiteley PL , Woolford L , Duignan PJ , Bacci B , Lathe S , Boardman W , Scheelings TF , Funnell O , Underwood G , Stevenson MA 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo describe outbreaks of sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei in free‐ranging koalas in Victoria (December 2008 to November 2015) and South Australia (October 2011 to September 2014).MethodsKoalas affected by mange‐like lesions were reported by wildlife carers, veterinary practitioners or State Government personnel to the Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences at The University of Melbourne and the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at The University of Adelaide. Skin scrapings were taken from live and dead koalas and S. scabiei mites were identified. Tissues from necropsied koalas were examined histologically.ResultsOutbreaks of sarcoptic mange were found to occur in koalas from both Victoria (n = 29) and South Australia (n = 29) for the first time. The gross pathological and histopathological changes are described.ConclusionWe present the first reported cases of sarcoptic mange outbreaks in free‐ranging koalas.
Long‐term control of olfactory neuroblastoma in a dog treated with surgery and radiation therapy
Authors: Gumpel E , Moore AS , Simpson DJ , Hoffmann KL , Taylor DP 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundOlfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignancy of the nasal cavity in dogs that is thought to arise from specialised sensory neuroendocrine olfactory cells derived from the neural crest.Case reportAn 8‐year‐old dog was presented for reclusiveness and pacing. On CT and MRI, a contract‐enhancing mass was disclosed within the rostral fossa, extending caudally from the cribriform plate into the left nasal sinus. Surgical excision was performed and the diagnosis was histological grade III (Hyams grading scheme) olfactory neuroblastoma. Based on human CT criteria this was high stage (modified Kadish stage C). Surgical excision was incomplete and was followed by curative‐intent radiation therapy using a linear accelerator to a total dose of 48 Gy.ConclusionThe dog survived 20 months after diagnosis. Although olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumour in dogs, aggressive local therapy may allow for prolonged survival, even when the tumour is advanced.
Haloperidol Decreases Hyperalgesia and Allodynia Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury
Authors: Espinosa‐Juárez Josué Vidal , Jaramillo‐Morales Osmar Antonio , López‐Muñoz Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeuropathic pain has proven to be a difficult condition to treat, so investigational therapy has been sought that may prove useful, such as the use of sigma‐1 antagonists. Haloperidol (HAL) is a compound that shows a high affinity with these receptors, acting as an antagonist. Therefore, the objective of this study was to demonstrate its effect in an experimental model of neuropathic pain and corroborate its antagonistic action of the sigma‐1 receptors under these conditions. BD‐1063 was used as a sigma‐1 antagonist control, and gabapentin (Gbp) was used as a positive control. The antihyperalgesic and anti‐allodynic effects of the drugs were determined after single‐dose trials. In every case, the effects increased in a dose‐dependent manner. HAL had the same efficacy as both BD‐1063 and Gbp. In the analysis of pharmacological potency, in which the ED50 were compared, HAL was the most potent drug of all. The effect of HAL on chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats was reversed by the sigma‐1 agonist (PRE‐084). HAL reversed the hyperalgesic and allodynic effects of PRE‐084 in naïve rats. The dopamine antagonist, (‐)‐sulpiride, showed no effect in CCl rats. These results suggest that HAL presents an antinociceptive effect via sigma‐1 receptor antagonism at the spinal level in the CCl model.
Positive Youth Development Among Diverse Racial–Ethnic Children: Quality Afterschool Contexts as Developmental Assets
Authors: Smith Emilie Phillips , Witherspoon Dawn P. , Wayne Osgood D. 
Published: June 2017

Positive youth development (PYD) deserves more empirical attention, particularly among children of diverse racial–ethnic backgrounds. Given the need among families for monitoring and supervision during out‐of‐school time, community‐based afterschool is a potentially promotive ecological setting. This study explores the quality of afterschool experiences upon PYD. This multimethod study includes over 500 elementary school children in Grades 2–5 (Mage = 8.80, SD = 1.12). The sample comprises of 49% White, 27% African American, 7% Latino, and 17% mixed race/others with 45% free/reduced lunch eligible children. In multilevel models, independently observed quality across time positively impacted competence, connection, caring for all youth, and cultural values for racial–ethnic minority youth. Afterschool fosters PYD, including sociocultural dimensions, when comprised of appropriately structured, supportive, and engaging interactions.
Immediate loading of four interforaminal implants supporting a locator‐retained mandibular overdenture in the elderly. Results of a 3‐year randomized, controlled, prospective clinical study
Authors: Acham Stephan , Rugani Petra , Truschnegg Astrid , Wildburger Angelika , Wegscheider Walther A. , Jakse Norbert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundImplant‐retained overdentures have become a standard option for the prosthetic treatment of the edentulous mandible in the elderly.PurposeThis prospective study aimed to compare immediate and conventional loading of four interforaminal implants supporting a Locator‐retained mandibular overdenture in elderly patients regarding implant survival, implant stability, and implant‐related complications.Material and methodsThe study population comprised 20 completely edentulous patients (11 males) aged 60 years and older with severe mandible resorption. Each patient received four interforaminal implants (Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, UK). Following randomization, implants were loaded either immediately after dental implant surgery or 3 months after implant placement with the Locator‐abutment system. At follow‐up visits 3, 6 12, 24, and 36 months after loading, implant stability was evaluated with Periotest and Ostell.ResultsTwenty patients received 80 implants. In eight patients, 32 implants were loaded immediately. Two patients had to be switched from the immediate to the conventional loading group due to insufficient primary stability (≤30 Ncm). Implant survival was similar in both groups after 36 months. No implant was lost. Decreasing Periotest, and accordingly, increasing Ostell measurements indicated adequate osseointegration in both groups. The course of treatment was not significantly different in the two groups. There were comparable incidences of postoperative complaints like swelling, hematoma, or wound dehiscence, as well as need for prosthetic treatment due to abutment loosening or occlusal discrepancies. Incidence of pressure marks and number of patient visits were significantly higher in the conventional loading group.ConclusionWith sufficient primary stability, immediate loading of four interforaminal implants in the edentulous mandible might be the preferential choice in the elderly, reducing total treatment time, and number of patient visits.
La suréducation et ses conséquences sur la rémunération dans les professions peu qualifiées: la situation de l'Iran
Authors: HADDAD Gholamreza Keshavarz , HABIBI Nader 
Published: June 2017

RésuméÀ partir de microdonnées issues d'une enquěte iranienne sur le revenu et les dépenses des ménages, les auteurs examinent l'évolution de la fréquence de la suréducation entre 2001 et 2012, montrant ainsi que les diplômés du supérieur sont toujours plus nombreux parmi les travailleurs occupant un emploi peu qualifié en Iran. Ils établissent ensuite, à l'issue d'une analyse économétrique, que la suréducation menace davantage les femmes que les hommes et qu'elle est liée à l'expérience professionnelle par une forte corrélation négative. En outre, elle diminue la rémunération dans le secteur privé tout en produisant l'effet inverse dans la fonction publique.
Évolution technologique et prime à la compétence: un effet confirmé par le cas de l'industrie manufacturière aux États‐Unis
Authors: MALLICK Sushanta K. , SOUSA Ricardo M. 
Published: June 2017

RésuméUne analyse exploitant la base NBER‐CES sur l'industrie manufacturière états‐unienne révèle une corrélation positive entre la productivité totale des facteurs et les rapports entre effectifs et salaires qualifiés et non qualifiés, signalant une prime à la compétence et, dès les années 1980, un biais technologique accru en faveur du travail qualifié. Les écarts de productivité entre les deux facteurs accroissent la demande relative du facteur ≪qualifié≫ en cas de substitution imparfaite. Enfin, l'impact de la technologie varie selon la branche et son caractère plutôt scientifique, ≪axé sur la production≫ ou ≪dominé par le fournisseur≫. L'innovation à caractère scientifique est celle qu'il convient de promouvoir.
Determination of heat conductivity of waste glass feed and its applicability for modeling the batch‐to‐glass conversion
Authors: Hujova Miroslava , Pokorny Richard , Klouzek Jaroslav , Dixon Derek R. , Cutforth Derek A. , Lee Seungmin , McCarthy Benjamin P. , Schweiger Michael J. , Kruger Albert A. , Hrma Pavel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effective heat conductivity (λ) of reacting melter feed affects the heat transfer and conversion process in the cold cap, a layer of reacting feed floating on molten glass. A heat conductivity meter was used to measure λ of samples of a cold cap retrieved from a laboratory‐scale melter, loose dry powder feed samples, and samples cut from fast‐dried slurry blocks. These blocks were formed to simulate the feed conditions in the cold‐cap by rapidly evaporating water from feed slurry poured onto a 200°C surface. Our study indicates that the effective heat conductivity of the feed in the cold cap is significantly higher than that of loose dry powder feed, which is a result of the feed solidification during the water evaporation from the feed slurry. To assess the heat transfer at higher temperatures when feed turns into foam, we developed a theoretical model that predicts the foam heat conductivity based on morphology data from in‐situ X‐ray computed tomography. The implications for the mathematical modeling of the cold cap are discussed.
Explicit dynamics simulation of Pecan fruit deformation under compressive loading—Part‐2: Explicit dynamics simulation procedure
Authors: Celik H. Kursat 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study, which is divided into two parts, introduces an explicit dynamics simulation procedure for Pecan fruit (Carya illinoinensis) deformation under compressive loading. This second part of the study covers a microstructure investigation for the inner structure of the Pecan fruit components, discussions on the material models used in FEM‐based simulation, and the explicit dynamics simulation procedures. An application algorithm based on experimental and theoretical methods is described in the study. Visual understanding and/or presenting a detailed description of the deformation behavior/characteristics for agricultural products through analytical calculations or/and physical experiments is a complicated phenomenon. Most especially, this phenomenon becomes more complicated for shelled edible agricultural products under varying loading cases. Numerical method based advanced engineering simulation techniques may be useful for a deeper visual understanding of agricultural product deformation behavior/characteristics. A major focus of the second part of the study detailed in this paper is finite element method (FEM) based explicit dynamics simulation procedures and the realistic representation of time dependant nonlinear deformation of Pecan fruit (kernel‐in‐shell) under a two plate compression loading case. Simulation results pointed out that the maximum equivalent stress values were 18.10, 11.50, and 1.14 MPa for whole Pecan fruit (kernel‐in‐shell), the shell and the kernel respectively. The stress values on the kernel were beyond the defined damage point of the kernel material (0.380 MPa). This indicated a permanent deformation/damage on the kernel at the end of the defined compression case. This study contributes to further research into the utilization of nonlinear explicit dynamics based deformation simulation studies for shelled edible agricultural products.Practical applicationsThe simulation approach and application algorithm introduced in this two‐part study is a scientific novelty because the explicit dynamics simulation approach for Pecan fruit deformation has not been previously reported in the literature. This second part introduces deeper investigations on material model description, microstructure investigation and FEM‐based explicit dynamics simulation procedures. This simulation aims to represent a realistic nonlinear deformation case of the fruit which is very difficult to obtain through experimental and/or mathematical expressions. As a further step from other researchers, this study has introduced a novel realistic time‐dependant nonlinear deformation simulation study based on experimental data. The findings have been presented in a form which may be used as input parameters in design studies for shelled agricultural product processing machinery systems used in related industries.
Injury from falls in infants under one year
Authors: Mulligan Christopher S , Adams Susan , Tzioumi Dimitra , Brown Julie 
Published: June 2017

AimFalls in infants are a common cause of injury. Compared to older children, infants under age one are likely to have distinctive causation and injury patterns, as they are pre‐mobile or have limited independent mobility and falls are more directly the responsibility of the care giver. There is little known about the mechanistic factors, predictors of injury and injury patterns in this age group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of infants under age one who presented after a fall to a paediatric trauma centre in Sydney, Australia. Circumstances and mechanisms of the fall, injury patterns, burden of investigations and outcomes were analysed.ResultsOver a 3‐year period (2011–2013), 916 infants presented following a fall. One hundred and six (11.6%) were admitted and there was one death. Head injury was the most common reason for admission (85%). While there were severe and critical head injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale 4–5) these were infrequent (2% of presentations). All admitted cases involved a short distance fall. Patients dropped by others were three times more likely to be admitted than infants presenting following other fall types (95% CI 1.9–4.8). Compared to other mechanisms, patients who fell from furniture had significantly longer hospital stays.ConclusionsFall mechanisms involving infants being dropped by adults, and falls from beds or couches carry the highest clinical burden. These mechanisms should be targets for injury prevention and inform the design of safe equipment and environments for babies.
Dynamics of the oral microbiota as a tool to estimate time since death
Authors: Adserias‐Garriga J. , Quijada N.M. , Hernandez M. , Rodríguez Lázaro D. , Steadman D. , Garcia‐Gil L.J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe oral cavity harbors one of the most diverse microbiomes in the human body. It has been shown to be the second most complex in the body after the gastrointestinal tract. Upon death, the indigenous microorganisms lead to the decomposition of the carcass. Therefore, the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract microbiomes play a key role in human decomposition. The aim of the present study is to monitor the microbiome of decaying bodies on a daily basis and to identify signature bacterial taxa, that can improve postmortem interval estimation. Three individuals (one male and two female) donated to the University of Tennessee Forensic Anthropology Center for the W.M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection were studied. Oral swab samples were taken daily throughout the different stages of cadaveric putrefaction. DNA was extracted and analyzed by next‐generation sequencing techniques. The three cadavers showed similar overall successional changes during the decomposition process. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are the predominant phyla in the fresh stage. The presence of Tenericutes corresponds to bloat stage. Firmicutes is the predominant phylum in advanced decay, but the Firmicutes community is a different one from the predominant Firmicutes of the fresh stage. This study depicts the thanatomicrobiome successional changes in the oral cavity, and highlights its potential use in forensic cases as a quantitative and objective approach to estimate postmortem interval, from an ecological rationale.