bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies in Pleistocene settlement in the Polish Carpathians
Authors: Valde-Nowak Paweł 
Published: January 2016

During the late 1970s when the results of theoretical analyses of prehistoric settlement to the north and south of the Polish Carpathians became available along with new methods of field research (Rydlewski & Valde-Nowak 19791, they set in motion a process of systematic discovery of archaeological sites in the region. Rich Palaeolithic assemblages were recovered which have yet to be published in full in Polish periodicals (e.g. Rydlewski & Valde-Nowak 1980a; 1980b).Before this the existence of traces of Pleistocene settlement was not seriously considered. Sporadic surveys found nothing and the Polish Carpathians were believed to have been either unsettled in the Pleistocene or, at most, a transit zone for human groups. This contrasted with the neighbouring Cracow-Częstochowa Upland to the north (the Ojców and Mników Valleys), and the Slovakian Carpathians where Palaeolithic sites had been discovered more than a century ago.
Privacy, anonymity and subjectivity in genomic research
Authors: MCGONIGLE IAN , SHOMRON NOAM 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe use of non-anonymized human genome data is becoming increasingly popular in research. Here we review the proceedings of a special meeting on this topic that took place at European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in December 2014. The main points discussed centered on how to achieve ‘anonymity,’ ‘trust,’ and ‘protection of data’ in relation to new genomic technologies and research. Following our report of this meeting, we also raise three further issues for future consideration: the harmonization of international law in relation to genetic data protection; the complex issues around the ‘dividual’ nature of genetic data; and the growing commercial value of personal data. In conclusion, we stress the importance of scientists working in the area of genomic research engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations with humanities and social science scholars and addressing these complicated issues.
FROM REVOLUTIONARIES TO MUSLIMS: LIMINAL BECOMINGS ACROSS PALESTINIAN GENERATIONS IN DENMARK
Authors: Kublitz Anja 
Published: January 2016

AbstractExploring generational changes and continuities among Palestinian families in Denmark, this article investigates why the children of thefidāᵓīn(fighters) and many of thefidāᵓīnthemselves have turned their backs on secular politics and embraced Islam. The Palestinians who arrived in Denmark from Lebanon in the wake of the Lebanese Civil War were members of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and were known as the generation of the revolution (jīl al-thawra). Extending Karl Mannheim's approach to generations, I argue that in order to explain the transition among Palestinians in Denmark from revolutionaries to Muslims we can rely on neither genealogy nor historical context alone, but need to pay equal attention to the structural continuities that crosscut generations. I suggest that rather than conceive of revolutionaries and Muslims as oppositions, we should think of them as substitutions, as liminal becomings that are actualized across historical generations.
Gibbosporina, a new genus for foliose and tripartite, Palaeotropic Pannariaceae species previously assigned to Psoroma
Authors: ELVEBAKK Arve , HONG Soon Gyu , PARK Chae Haeng , ROBERTSEN Eli Helene , JØRGENSEN Per Magnus 
Published: January 2016

AbstractReports of ‘Psoroma sphinctrinum’ from Palaeotropical areas are shown to represent instead species of the genus Gibbosporina, which is described here as new to science. This genus is superficially similar to tripartite, austral Pannaria species, such as the species now referred to as Pannaria sphinctrina (Mont.) Tuck. ex Hue. A phylogram based on an analysis of the nuclear large subunit rDNA (LSU) locus shows that Gibbosporina is instead a clade in a Pannariaceae branch referred to as the ‘Physma group’, a most unexpected addition to Pannariaceae dealt with by several previous studies. Genera assigned to this group have very contrasting general appearances. However, this diverse group shares distinctly ring-like thalline excipular margins; strongly amyloid internal ascus structures; well-developed perispores which have irregular gibbae and/or nodulose or acuminate apical extensions, but not verrucae; lacks TLC-detectable secondary compounds and have tropical distributions. Gibbosporina is the only tripartite genus in the group, with distinct, nodulose, placodioid, mini-fruticose to mini-foliose cephalodia with a high diversity of Nostoc cyanobionts. The cyanomorphs can apparently exist independently in some cases, although the apothecia on such cephalodia on a specimen from Réunion were unexpectedly found to belong to the chloromorph. The genus and related genera forming the ‘Physma group’ are probably evolutionarily old, and their weak affinity to the remaining part of Pannariaceae, concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere, is discussed. The genus includes 13 known species, and the generitype is Gibbosporina boninensis from the Japanese Ogasawara Islands, originally described as Psoroma boninense and recombined here. The following 12 species are described here as new to science, seven of them with molecular support in an LSU and ITS-based phylogram: Gibbosporina acuminata (Australia, the Philippines), G. amphorella (New Caledonia), G. bifrons (Malaysia, New Caledonia, the Philippines, Solomon Islands), G. didyma (Mauritius, Réunion), G. elixii (Australia), G. leptospora (Australia, Papua New Guinea), G. nitida (Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines), G. mascarena (Mauritius, Réunion, Sri Lanka), G. papillospora (the Philippines), G. phyllidiata (Solomon Islands), G. sphaerospora (Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Samoa, and with Psoroma sphinctrinum var. endoxanthellum as a new synonym), and G. thamnophora (Australia and the Philippines). Except for the phyllidiate G. phyllidiata and for G. thamnophora which has cephalodia adapted for vegetative propagation, the species are all primarily fertile. A key for determining the species is provided.
PATTERNS OF ONSITE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING EQUIPMENT AMONG ORTHOPEDIC PRACTICES
Authors: Ohsfeldt Robert , Li Pengxiang , Schneider John 
Published: January 2016

Background: Despite ongoing policy debate, little is known about the growth in orthopedic surgery practices with onsite magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capacity, or practice characteristics associated with the acquisition of in-office MRI equipment.Methods: In July 2012, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) member practices received a web-based survey requesting general information about their practice, such as number practice providers authorized to order MRIs, the type of onsite MRI capacity present (if any), and the date of acquisition for the MRI equipment. Survey responses were augmented with county-level measures of practice area characteristics as of the year of first onsite MRI acquisition (or 2012 for practices without an onsite MRI).Results: The survey obtained usable responses from 740 orthopedic practices, which were geographically representative of AAOS member practices. Forty percent (298) reported onsite MRI capacity. Onsite MRI acquisition occurred at a steady pace over 2000–2012, with no dramatic increase occurring in any particular year over that period. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that practice size (number of providers) was the most important factor affecting the likelihood of onsite MRI acquisition. There was no association between onsite MRI acquisition and any of the county-level practice area characteristics included in the analysis.Conclusions: Orthopedic practices acquiring onsite MRI equipment on average are much larger than practices without onsite MRI capacity. Larger practices may be more likely to attain the economies of scale necessary to absorb the fixed costs associated with onsite MRI acquisition.
An effective Arakelov-theoretic version of the hyperbolic isogeny theorem
Authors: JAVANPEYKAR ARIYAN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFor any integereand hyperbolic curveXover$\overline{\mathbb Q}$, Mochizuki showed that there are only finitely many isomorphism classes of hyperbolic curvesYof Euler characteristicewith the same universal cover asX. We use Arakelov theory to prove an effective version of this finiteness statement.
Administrative data is as good as medical chart review for comorbidity ascertainment in patients with infections in Singapore
Authors: HWANG J. , CHOW A. , LYE D. C. , WONG C. S. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYThe Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) is widely used for control of confounding from comorbidities in epidemiological studies. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded diagnoses from administrative hospital databases is potentially an efficient way of deriving CCI. However, no studies have evaluated its validity in infectious disease research. We aim to compare CCI derived from administrative data and medical record review in predicting mortality in patients with infections. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 199 inpatients. Correlation analyses were used to compare comorbidity scores from ICD-coded administrative databases and medical record review. Multivariable regression models were constructed and compared for discriminatory power for 30-day in-hospital mortality. Overall agreement was fair [weighted kappa 0·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·23–0·43]. Kappa coefficient ranged from 0·17 (95% CI 0·01–0·36) for myocardial infarction to 0·85 (95% CI 0·59–1·00) for connective tissue disease. Administrative data-derived CCI was predictive of CCI ⩾5 from medical record review, controlling for age, gender, resident status, ward class, clinical speciality, illness severity, and infection source (C = 0·773). Using the multivariable model comprising age, gender, resident status, ward class, clinical speciality, illness severity, and infection source to predict 30-day in-hospital mortality, administrative data-derived CCI (C = 0·729) provided a similar C statistic as medical record review (C = 0·717, P = 0·8548). In conclusion, administrative data-derived CCI can be used for assessing comorbidities and confounding control in infectious disease research.
Sandi Doughton Receives 2015 David Perlman Award for Excellence in Science Journalism – News
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2016

Sandi Doughton received the 2015 David Perlman Award for Excellence in Science Journalism – News at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2015 in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes "a journalist for a news story or series in any medium except books that makes information about the Earth and space sciences accessible and interesting to the general public."
A catalog of hemizygous variation in 127 22q11 deletion patients
Authors: Hestand Matthew S , Nowakowska Beata A , Vergaelen Elfi , Van Houdt Jeroen , Dehaspe Luc , Suhl Joshua A , Del-Favero Jurgen , Mortier Geert , Zackai Elaine , Swillen Ann , Devriendt Koenraad , Gur Raquel E , McDonald-McGinn Donna M , Warren Stephen T , Emanuel Beverly S , Vermeesch Joris R 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common microdeletion disorder, with wide phenotypic variability. To investigate variation within the non-deleted allele we performed targeted resequencing of the 22q11.2 region for 127 patients, identifying multiple deletion sizes, including two deletions with atypical breakpoints. We cataloged ~12,000 hemizygous variant positions, of which 84% were previously annotated. Within the coding regions 95 non-synonymous variants, three stop gains, and two frameshift insertions were identified, some of which we speculate could contribute to atypical phenotypes. We also catalog tolerability of 22q11 gene mutations based on related autosomal recessive disorders in man, embryonic lethality in mice, cross-species conservation and observations that some genes harbor more or less variants than expected. This extensive catalog of hemizygous variants will serve as a blueprint for future experiments to correlate 22q11DS variation with phenotype.
A Drosophila RNAi library modulates Hippo pathway-dependent tissue growth
Authors: Vissers Joseph H.A. , Manning Samuel A. , Kulkarni Aishwarya , Harvey Kieran F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLibraries of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster carrying RNA interference (RNAi) constructs have been used extensively to perform large-scale functional genetic screens in vivo. For example, RNAi screens have facilitated the discovery of multiple components of the Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved growth-regulatory network. Here we investigate an important technical limitation with the widely used VDRC KK RNAi collection. We find that approximately 25% of VDRC KK RNAi lines cause false-positive enhancement of the Hippo pathway, owing to ectopic expression of the Tiptop transcription factor. Of relevance to the broader Drosophila community, ectopic tiptop (tio) expression can also cause organ malformations and mask phenotypes such as organ overgrowth. To enhance the use of the VDRC KK RNAi library, we have generated a D. melanogaster strain that will allow researchers to test, in a single cross, whether their genetic screen of interest will be affected by ectopic tio expression.
Cell-free 3D scaffold with two-stage delivery of miRNA-26a to regenerate critical-sized bone defects
Authors: Zhang Xiaojin , Li Yan , Chen Y. Eugene , Chen Jihua , Ma Peter X. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being developed to enhance tissue regeneration. Here we show that a hyperbranched polymer with high miRNA-binding affinity and negligible cytotoxicity can self-assemble into nano-sized polyplexes with a ‘double-shell’ miRNA distribution and high transfection efficiency. These polyplexes are encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres to enable controllable two-stage (polyplexes and miRNA) delivery. The microspheres are attached to cell-free nanofibrous polymer scaffolds that spatially control the release of miR-26a. This technology is used to regenerate critical-sized bone defects in osteoporotic mice by targetingGsk-3βto activate the osteoblastic activity of endogenous stem cells, thus addressing a critical challenge in regenerative medicine of achieving cell-free scaffold-based miRNA therapy for tissue engineering.
Field-induced magnetic instability and quantum criticality in the antiferromagnet CeCu2Ge2
Authors: Liu Yi , Xie Donghua , Wang Xiaoying , Zhu Kangwei , Yang Ruilong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe magnetic quantum criticality in strongly correlated electron systems has been considered to be closely related with the occurrence of unconventional superconductivity. Control parameters such as magnetic field, pressure or chemical doping are frequently used to externally tune the quantum phase transition for a deeper understanding. Here we report the research of a field-induced quantum phase transition using conventional bulk physical property measurements in the archetypal antiferromagnet CeCu2Ge2, which becomes superconductive under a pressure of about 10 GPa with Tc ~ 0.64 K. We offer strong evidence that short-range dynamic correlations start appearing above a magnetic field of about 5 T. Our demonstrations of the magnetic instability and the field-induced quantum phase transition are crucial for the quantum criticality, which may open a new route in experimental investigations of the quantum phase transition in heavy-fermion systems.
Assessing the toxicity of Pb- and Sn-based perovskite solar cells in model organism Danio rerio
Authors: Babayigit Aslihan , Duy Thanh Dinh , Ethirajan Anitha , Manca Jean , Muller Marc , Boyen Hans-Gerd , Conings Bert 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntensive development of organometal halide perovskite solar cells has lead to a dramatic surge in power conversion efficiency up to 20%. Unfortunately, the most efficient perovskite solar cells all contain lead (Pb), which is an unsettling flaw that leads to severe environmental concerns and is therefore a stumbling block envisioning their large-scale application. Aiming for the retention of favorable electro-optical properties, tin (Sn) has been considered the most likely substitute. Preliminary studies have however shown that Sn-based perovskites are highly unstable and, moreover, Sn is also enlisted as a harmful chemical, with similar concerns regarding environment and health. To bring more clarity into the appropriateness of both metals in perovskite solar cells, we provide a case study with systematic comparison regarding the environmental impact of Pb- and Sn-based perovskites, using zebrafish (Danio Rerio) as model organism. Uncovering an unexpected route of intoxication in the form of acidification, it is shown that Sn based perovskite may not be the ideal Pb surrogate.
DNA methylation is critical for tooth agenesis: implications for sporadic non-syndromic anodontia and hypodontia
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Ke , Shen Yun , Xu Yuanzhi , Xie Jing , Huang Renhuan , Zhang Yiming , Xu Chenyuan , Zhang Xu , Wang Raorao , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHypodontia is caused by interactions among genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors during tooth development, but the actual mechanism is unknown. DNA methylation now appears to play a significant role in abnormal developments, flawed phenotypes and acquired diseases. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) has been developed as a new method of scanning large-scale DNA-methylation profiles within particular regions or in the entire genome. Here, we performed a genome-wide scan of paired DNA samples obtained from 4 patients lacking two mandibular incisors and 4 healthy controls with normal dentition. We scanned another female with non-syndromic anodontia and her younger brother with the same gene mutations of the PAX9,MSX1,AXIN2 and EDA, but without developmental abnormalities in the dentition. Results showed significant differences in the methylation level of the whole genome between the hypodontia and the normal groups. Nine genes were spotted, some of which have not been associated with dental development; these genes were related mainly to the development of cartilage, bone, teeth and neural transduction, which implied a potential gene cascade network in hypodontia at the methylation level. This pilot study reveals the critical role of DNA methylation in hypodontia and might provide insights into developmental biology and the pathobiology of acquired diseases.
Visual attention modulates the asymmetric influence of each cerebral hemisphere on spatial perception
Authors: Wang Meijian , Wang Xiuhai , Xue Lingyan , Huang Dan , Chen Yao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough the allocation of brain functions across the two cerebral hemispheres has aroused public interest over the past century, asymmetric interhemispheric cooperation under attentional modulation has been scarcely investigated. An example of interhemispheric cooperation is visual spatial perception. During this process, visual information from each hemisphere is integrated because each half of the visual field predominantly projects to the contralateral visual cortex. Both egocentric and allocentric coordinates can be employed for visual spatial representation, but they activate different areas in primate cerebral hemispheres. Recent studies have determined that egocentric representation affects the reaction time of allocentric perception; furthermore, this influence is asymmetric between the two visual hemifields. The egocentric-allocentric incompatibility effect and its asymmetry between the two hemispheres can produce this phenomenon. Using an allocentric position judgment task, we found that this incompatibility effect was reduced and its asymmetry was eliminated on an attentional task rather than a neutral task. Visual attention might activate cortical areas that process conflicting information, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and balance the asymmetry between the two hemispheres. Attention may enhance and balance this interhemispheric cooperation because this imbalance may also be caused by the asymmetric cooperation of each hemisphere in spatial perception.
Endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in the STOX1 model of preeclampsia
Authors: Ducat Aurélien , Doridot Ludivine , Calicchio Rosamaria , Méhats Celine , Vilotte Jean-Luc , Castille Johann , Barbaux Sandrine , Couderc Betty , Jacques Sébastien , Letourneur Franck , Buffat Christophe , Le Grand Fabien , Laissue Paul , Miralles Francisco , Vaiman Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPreeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy involving systemic endothelial dysfunction. However, cardiovascular consequences of preeclampsia are difficult to analyze in humans. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cardiovascular dysfunction induced by preeclampsia by examining the endothelium of mice suffering of severe preeclampsia induced by STOX1 overexpression. Using Next Generation Sequencing on endothelial cells of mice carrying either transgenic or control embryos, we discovered significant alterations of gene networks involved in inflammation, cell cycle and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the heart of the preeclamptic mice revealed cardiac hypertrophy associated with histological anomalies. Bioinformatics comparison of the networks of modified genes in the endothelial cells of the preeclamptic mice and HUVECs exposed to plasma from preeclamptic women identified striking similarities. The cardiovascular alterations in the pregnant mice are comparable to those endured by the cardiovascular system of preeclamptic women. The STOX1 mice could help to better understand the endothelial dysfunction in the context of preeclampsia and guide the search for efficient therapies able to protect the maternal endothelium during the disease and its aftermath.
Larval cases of caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) affinity in Early Permian marine environments of Gondwana
Authors: Mouro Lucas D. , Zatoń Michał , Fernandes Antonio C.S. , Waichel Breno L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCaddisflies (Trichoptera) are small, cosmopolitan insects closely related to the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). Most caddisflies construct protective cases during their larval development. Although the earliest recognisable caddisflies date back to the early Mesozoic (Early and Middle Triassic), being particularly numerous and diverse during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the first records of their larval case constructions are known exclusively from much younger, Early to Middle Jurassic non-marine deposits in the northern hemisphere. Here we present fossils from the Early Permian (Asselian–Sakmarian) marine deposits of Brazil which have strong morphological and compositional similarity to larval cases of caddisflies. If they are, which is very probable, these finds not only push back the fossil record of true caddisflies, but also indicate that their larvae constructed cases at the very beginning of their evolution in marine environments. Since modern caddisflies that construct larval cases in marine environments are only known from eastern Australia and New Zealand, we suggest that this marine ecology may have first evolved in western Gondwana during the Early Permian and later spread across southern Pangea.