bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth mechanisms of zinc oxide and zinc sulfide films by mist chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Uno Kazuyuki , Yamasaki Yuichiro , Tanaka Ichiro 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The growth mechanisms of zinc oxide and zinc sulfide films by mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) were experimentally investigated from the viewpoint of mist behaviors and chemical reactions. The proper growth model, either vaporization or the Leidenfrost model, was studied by supplying two kinds of mists with different kinds of sources, such as H2
16O and H2
18O for ZnO growth and ZnCl2 and thiourea for ZnS growth. Moreover, the origin of the oxygen atoms of ZnO was investigated using a quantitative analysis. The role of chloro complex of zinc in the growth of ZnS from aqueous solutions was also examined by systematic studies.
Tube Shunts in Advanced Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Singh Kirti , Jain Divya , Sachdev Manav , Grover Sumit 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate efficacy and safety of tube shunts in advanced angle closure glaucoma Vs. Standard Trabeculectomy.

Method:
Fifteen cases of end stage angle closure glaucoma with visual acuity ranging from hand movements only to perception of light were implanted with pediatric model Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV). The efficacy and complications (if any) of the implant group were evaluated in comparison to a control group of fifteen patients of similar profile with angle closure glaucoma subjected to trabeculectomy with releasable sutures. Both group cases were followed up over a 12 month period.

Results:
Tube shunts were as effective as trabeculectomy in the early postoperative period of 4 months with increased complications like corneal edema and mild hyphema. Over a 1 year follow up tube related complications like tube erosion and retraction were noted with reduced efficacy of the shunt versus trabeculectomy at complete success of 66% and 80 % respectively. The tube shunt surgery was performed with three modifications from conventional method due to the angle closure element.

Conclusions:
Tube implants should not be attempted as primary surgical means in chronic angle closure glaucoma without considering certain surgical modifications and precautions. Standard Trabeculectomy remains gold standard primary procedure in this subtype of glaucoma.
Coupled topographic and vegetation patterns in coastal dunes: Remote sensing observations and ecomorphodynamic implications
Authors: Yousefi Lalimi F. , Silvestri S. , Moore L. J. , Marani M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVegetation plays a key role in stabilizing coastal dunes and barrier islands by mediating sand transport, deposition, and erosion. Dune topography, in turn, affects vegetation growth, by determining local environmental conditions. However, our understanding of vegetation and dune topography as coupled and spatially extensive dynamical systems is limited. Here we develop and use remote sensing analyses to quantitatively characterize coastal dune ecotopographic patterns by simultaneously identifying the spatial distribution of topographic elevation and vegetation biomass. Lidar‐derived leaf area index and hyperspectral‐derived normalized difference vegetation index patterns yield vegetation distributions at the whole‐system scale which are in agreement with each other and with field observations. Lidar‐derived concurrent quantifications of biomass and topography show that plants more favorably develop on the landward side of the foredune crest and that the foredune crestline marks the position of an ecotone, which is interpreted as the result of a sheltering effect sharply changing local environmental conditions. We conclude that the position of the foredune crestline is a chief ecomorphodynamic feature resulting from the two‐way interaction between vegetation and topography.
Effects of initial aquifer conditions on economic benefits from groundwater conservation
Authors: Foster T. , Brozović N. , Butler A. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWorldwide, there is growing recognition of the need to reduce agricultural groundwater use in response to rapid rates of aquifer depletion. To date, however, few studies have evaluated how benefits of conservation vary along an aquifer's depletion pathway. To address this question, we develop an integrated modeling framework that couples an agro‐economic model of farmers' field‐level irrigation decision‐making with a borehole‐scale groundwater flow model. Unique to this framework is the explicit consideration of the dynamic reductions in well yields that occur as an aquifer is depleted, and how these changes in intraseasonal groundwater supply affect farmers' ability to manage production risks caused by climate variability and, in particular, drought. For an illustrative case study in the High Plains region of the U.S., we apply our model to analyze the value of groundwater conservation activities for different initial aquifer conditions. Our results demonstrate that there is a range of initial conditions for which reducing pumping will have long‐term economic benefits for farmers by slowing reductions in well yields and prolonging the usable lifetime of an aquifer for high‐value irrigated agriculture. In contrast, restrictions on pumping that are applied too early or too late will provide limited welfare benefits. We suggest, therefore, that there are “windows of opportunity” to implement groundwater conservation, which will depend on complex feedbacks between local hydrology, climate, crop growth, and economics.
Optimal adaptation to extreme rainfalls in current and future climate
Authors: Rosbjerg Dan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMore intense and frequent rainfalls have increased the number of urban flooding events in recent years, prompting adaptation efforts. Economic optimization is considered an efficient tool to decide on the design level for adaptation. The costs associated with a flooding to the T‐year level and the annual capital and operational costs of adapting to this level are described with log‐linear relations. The total flooding costs are developed as the expected annual damage of flooding above the T‐year level plus the annual capital and operational costs for ensuring no flooding below the T‐year level. The value of the return period T that corresponds to the minimum of the sum of these costs will then be the optimal adaptation level. The change in climate, however, is expected to continue in the next century, which calls for expansion of the above model. The change can be expressed in terms of a climate factor (the ratio between the future and the current design level) which is assumed to increase in time. This implies increasing costs of flooding in the future for many places in the world. The optimal adaptation level is found for immediate as well as for delayed adaptation. In these cases, the optimum is determined by considering the net present value of the incurred costs during a sufficiently long time‐span. Immediate as well as delayed adaptation is considered.
Anti‐LGI1 encephalitis is associated with unique HLA subtypes
Authors: Kim Tae‐Joon , Lee Soon‐Tae , Moon Jangsup , Sunwoo Jun‐Sang , Byun Jung‐Ick , Lim Jung‐Ah , Shin Yong‐Won , Jun Jin‐Sun , Lee Han Sang , Lee Woo‐Jin , Yang Ah Reaum , Choi Yunhee , Park Kyung‐Il , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Jung Ki‐Young , Kim Manho , Lee Sang Kun , Chu Kon 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveAutoimmune encephalitis (AE), represented by anti–leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (anti‐LGI1) and anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDAR) encephalitis, has increasing clinical significance based on recent discoveries of neuronal autoantibodies. However, its immunopathogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether AE is associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) subtypes.MethodsWe compared the HLA genotypes of 11 anti‐LGI1 and 17 anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients to the control groups, which consisted of 210 epilepsy patients and 485 healthy Koreans.ResultsAnti‐LGI1 encephalitis was associated with the DRB1*07:01–DQB1*02:02 haplotype (10 patients; 91%) in HLA class II genes, as well as with B*44:03 (8 patients; 73%) and C*07:06 (7 patients; 64%) in the HLA class I region. The prevalence of these alleles in anti‐LGI1 encephalitis was significantly higher than that in the epilepsy controls or healthy controls. By contrast, anti‐NMDAR encephalitis was not associated with HLA genotypes. Additional analysis using HLA‐peptide binding prediction algorithms and computational docking underpinned the close relationship.InterpretationThis finding suggests that most anti‐LGI1 encephalitis develops in a population with specific HLA subtypes, providing insight into a novel disease mechanism. Ann Neurol 2017;81:183–192
2,4,6‐Tri(hydroxy)‐1,3,5‐triphosphinine, P3C3(OH)3: The Phosphorus Analogue of Cyanuric Acid
Authors: Suter Riccardo , Mei Yanbo , Baker Matthew , Benkő Zoltan , Li Zhongshu , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCyanuric acid (C3H3N3O3) is widely used as cross‐linker in basic polymers (often in combination with other crosslinking agents like melamine) but also finds application in more sophisticated materials such as in supramolecular assemblies and molecular sheets. The unknown phosphorus analogue of cyanuric acid, P3C3(OH)3, may become an equally useful building block for phosphorus‐based polymers or materials which have unique properties. Herein we describe a straightforward synthesis of 2,4,6‐tri(hydroxy)‐1,3,5‐triphosphinine and its derivatives P3C3(OR)3 which have been applied as strong π‐acceptor η6‐ligands in piano stool Mo(CO)3 complexes.
Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy Trajectories of a Single Protein and Its Polyproteins Are Equivalent: A Direct Experimental Validation Based on A Small Protein NuG2
Authors: Lei Hai , He Chengzhi , Hu Chunguang , Li Jinliang , Hu Xiaodong , Hu Xiaotang , Li Hongbin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSingle‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) has become a powerful tool in investigating the mechanical unfolding/folding of proteins at the single‐molecule level. Polyproteins made of tandem identical repeats have been widely used in atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐based SMFS studies, where polyproteins not only serve as fingerprints to identify single‐molecule stretching events, but may also improve statistics of data collection. However, the inherent assumption of such experiments is that all the domains in the polyprotein are equivalent and one SMFS trajectory of stretching a polyprotein made of n domains is equivalent to n trajectories of stretching a single domain. Such an assumption has not been validated experimentally. Using a small protein NuG2 and its polyprotein (NuG2)4 as model systems, here we use optical trapping (OT) to directly validate this assumption. Our results show that OT experiments on NuG2 and (NuG2)4 lead to identical parameters describing the unfolding and folding kinetics of NuG2, demonstrating that indeed stretching a polyprotein of NuG2 is equivalent to stretching single NuG2 in force spectroscopy experiments and thus validating the use of polyproteins in SMFS experiments.
Controlling lignin particle size for polymer blend applications
Authors: Miao Chuanwei , Hamad Wadood Y. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTSoftwood lignin produced by the LignoForce SystemTM was physically processed using different milling approaches to ascertain effective and scalable means to yield micro to submicron particles of controllable and uniform size. Our work suggests that wet ball‐milling using a small milling medium is the most reliable method in terms of processing efficiency and particle‐size controllability. Controllable particle size reduction would permit lignin to be used as an effective filler in polymer blends. We show that wet‐milled lignin could, subsequently, be oven‐ or spray‐dried, and, subsequently, blended with, for instance, polypropylene (PP) through co‐extrusion. The spray‐drying method produced spherical lignin aggregates smaller and more uniform than oven‐dried ones. As a consequence, spray‐dried lignin demonstrated a more uniform distribution within the polymer melt, leading to noticeable improvement in the strain—or flexibility—of the lignin‐PP polymer blends. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the investigated drying methods had no effect on the thermal stability of the resulting lignin‐PP blends. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44669.
Event‐Triggered Control for Couple‐Group Multi‐Agent Systems with Logarithmic Quantizers and Communication Delays
Authors: Yu Mei , Yan Chuan , Xie Dongmei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper mainly investigates the event‐triggered control for couple‐group multi‐agent systems with communication delay. Logarithmic quantization is considered in the communication channels. Event‐triggered control laws are adopted to reduce the frequency of individual actuation updating for discrete‐time agent dynamics. The proposed protocol is efficient as long as the quantization levels are dense enough, i.e. the density of quantization levels goes to infinity is a sufficient condition for the asymptotic consensus of the multi‐agent systems. It turns out that the bounded consensus depends on not only the density of quantization levels, but also the updating strategy of events. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Sensibel, pragmatisch und entscheidungsfreudig – Die breite Spur von Martin Bachmann in Pergamon
Authors: Steiner Josef 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWidmungMartin Bachmann, geb. am 19. Dezember 1964 in Karlsruhe, wuchs im Stadtteil Durlach in einem äußerst gastfreundlichen, offenen Elternhaus auf. Nach dem Abitur am Durlacher Gymnasium studierte er in Karlsruhe an der Technischen Hochschule Fridericiana Architektur und widmete sich nach dem Diplom am Institut für Baugeschichte bei Prof. Schirmer als wissenschaft licher Mitarbeiter schwerpunktmäßig der Erforschung und Erhaltung alter Bauwerke. In dieser Zeit, und auch schon früher als Student, war er während der sommerlichen Grabungskam pagnen der Abteilung Istanbul des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (DAI) regelmäßig in der Türkei bei den Ausgrabungen in Pergamon aktiv, in Karlsruhe war er als Mitarbeiter in den interdisziplinären Sonderforschungsbereich 315 „Erhaltung historisch bedeutsamer Bauwerke” eingebunden. Im Jahr 1999 wurde er mit seiner Arbeit „Die Karlsburg, Spuren einer Residenzanlage im Karlsruher Stadtgefüge”, einem Thema aus der heimischen Umgebung, promoviert. Anschließend verlegte er seine beruflichen Aktivitäten in die Türkei und nahm am DAI in Istanbul bis 2006 die Stelle eines Referenten für Bauforschung an. In diesen Zeitraum fielen Forschungsprojekte zum Quell heiligtum Eflatun Pinar bei Konya und erste Erkundungen der Burg Karasis, in Pergamon widmete er sich zusammen mit seinem ehemaligen Studienkollegen Andreas Schwarting der Planung und der Ausführung des im August 2004 eingeweihten Schutzbaus Z. Nach der Übernahme von Lehraufträgen in Cottbus, Karlsruhe und Dortmund wurde Martin Bachmann 2006 zum zweiten Direktor der Abteilung Istanbul des DAI gewählt und übersiedelte endgültig nach Istanbul, wo er sich auch mit der Istanbuler Stadttopografie beschäftigte und sich intensiv für den Erhalt der historischen Holzhäuser eingesetzt hat.Im Zuge der Planungen für den Bau Z habe ich Martin Bachmann kennengelernt. Aus diesen ersten Kontakten hat sich im Laufe der vergangenen 14 Jahre bei der Instandsetzung des Südlichen Rundturms und des anschließenden Kellergewölbes neben der Roten Halle in Pergamon, der Stabilisierung absturzgefährdeter Teile des Mauerwerks ihrer Umfassungswände, der Aufstellung einer Stützfigur, der Reparatur eines Gewölbes der Faustina‐Thermen in Milet und bei den vorbereitenden Planungen und Maßnahmen für die Rekonstruktion einer Palästra‐Ecke des oberen Gymnasiums unterhalb von Bau Z eine von großem gegenseitigen Verständnis geprägte Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bauforscher/Architekt und Bauingenieur entwickelt.Am 3. August 2016, einige Tage nach der Rückkehr vom Heimaturlaub, ist Martin Bachmann an seinem Arbeitsplatz in Istanbul im Alter von 51 Jahren und ohne vorherige Warn zeichen an den Folgen einer Herzattacke gestorben. Ein furchtbarer Verlust für seine Familie, aber auch für die Wissenschaft und für seinen großen Freundeskreis.Dieser Beitrag über die Fußabdrücke, die er in Pergamon hinterlassen hat und die immer an Martin Bachmann erinnern werden, ist ihm und seinem dortigen Wirken gewidmet.
Retracted: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic predictions of intestinal BCRP‐mediated effect of telmisartan on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in humans
Authors: Bae Soo Hyeon , Park Wan‐Su , Han Seunghoon , Park Gab‐jin , Lee Jongtae , Hong Taegon , Jeon Sangil , Yim Dong‐Seok 
Published: December 2016

‘Physiologically based pharmacokinetic predictions of intestinal BCRP‐mediated effect of telmisartan on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in humans’ by Soo Hyeon Bae, Wan‐Su Park, Seunghoon Han, Gab‐jin Park, Jongtae Lee, Taegon Hong, Sangil Jeon and Dong‐Seok YimThe above article, published online on 06 February 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, K. Sandy Pang, and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The authors retracted the paper due to errors associated with use of log D vs. log P of telmisartan as inputs of the PBPK model. The authors concluded that there are too many changes in the article to be resolved by an Erratum, and had requested a retraction.ReferenceBae, S. H., Park, W.‐S., Han, S., Park, G., Lee, J., Hong, T., Jeon, S., and Yim, D.‐S. (2016) Physiologically based pharmacokinetic predictions of intestinal BCRP‐mediated effect of telmisartan on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in humans. Biopharm. Drug Dispos., doi: 10.1002/bdd.2060.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols Catalyzed by CuIN‐Heterocycle Thiolate Complexes
Authors: Tan Da‐Wei , Li Hong‐Xi , Zhang Meng‐Juan , Yao Jian‐Lin , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCuI N‐heterocycle thiolate clusters efficiently catalyze the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols at 70 °C. A variety of secondary/primary benzylic, allylic, and aliphatic alcohols are dehydrogenated to the corresponding ketones and aldehydes in high yields of isolated product upon release of H2. This simple catalytic system is involved in the synthesis of imines through the one‐pot reaction of alcohols and amines.
Role of Water in Catalyzing Proton Transfer in Glucose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhou Feng , Sun Xiang , Wu Di , Zhang Yugen , Su Haibin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most important and versatile biomass‐derived platform chemicals for the synthesis of a wide range of industrial chemicals, including biofuels. HMF can be obtained by dehydration of glucose with acid catalysts. The conversion proceeds through two steps, that is, glucose–fructose isomerization and dehydration of fructose to HMF. During the first step, water plays an important role as a proton shuttle to promote the reaction and reduce the energy barriers, which results in the acceleration of the reaction. Besides, water can also block the side reaction. The role of water joining and catalyzing the reaction is further proved by experimental findings, that is, by using DMSO/D2O as solvent deuterium was found at C1 of HMF from NMR analysis.
Ruthenium–Ruthenium‐Bonded [Bis{corrolato‐ruthenium(III)}]n (n=0, +1, −1) Complexes: Model Compounds for the Photosynthetic Special Pair
Authors: Sinha Woormileela , Sommer Michael G. , Hettmanczyk Lara , Patra Bratati , Filippou Vasileios , Sarkar Biprajit , Kar Sanjib 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present herein the synthesis of three new bis(corrolato‐ruthenium(III)) complexes containing unsupported Ru–Ru bonds and their characterization in different redox states. The 1H NMR spectra of the bis(corrolato‐ruthenium(III)) complexes displayed “normal” chemical shifts and the compounds proved to be EPR‐silent. Crystallographic characterization of the dimers indicated Ru–Ru distances of 2.175 Å, consistent with a triple bond between the two ruthenium centers. All of the synthesized complexes undergo two successive reversible oxidations and a single reversible reduction. A combination of UV/Vis/NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemical studies and DFT calculations established the redox state distributions in these ruthenium–ruthenium‐bonded dimers. Whereas reduction of the dimers is metal‐based and leads to metal‐metal‐bonded mixed‐valent RuII–RuIII species, one‐electron oxidation largely retains the RuIII–RuIII situation with the generation of metal‐bound corrolato radicals. The present study thus concerns the first UV/Vis/NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemical characterization and DFT calculations of ruthenium–ruthenium‐bonded rotationally ordered corrole dimers. The mean plane separation between the two corrole units in these dimers is around 3.543 Å, which is in close agreement to that in the “special pair” in chlorophyll. Oxidation of these ruthenium–ruthenium‐bonded dimers gives rise to two new electronic absorption bands in the NIR region (similar to those of the special pair), which have apparently not been mentioned/observed in earlier reports on ruthenium–ruthenium‐bonded corrole dimers. These bands mainly originate from inter‐corrole transitions.
The contemporary value of peak creatine kinase‐MB after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction above other clinical and angiographic characteristics in predicting infarct size, left ventricular ejection fraction, and mortality
Authors: Hartman Minke H. T. , Eppinga Ruben N. , Vlaar Pieter J. J. , Lexis Chris P. H. , Lipsic Erik , Haeck Joost D. E. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , van der Harst Pim 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundComplex multimarker approaches to predict outcome after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have only considered a single baseline sample, while neglecting easily obtainable peak creatine kinase and creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB) values during hospitalization.MethodsWe studied 476 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) at 4‐6 months after STEMI. We determined the association with cardiac biomarkers (peak CK‐MB, peak troponin T, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide), clinical and angiographic characteristics with infarct size, and LVEF, followed by association with mortality in 1120 STEMI patients.ResultsPeak CK‐MB was the strongest predictor for infarct size (P<0.001, R
2=0.60) and LVEF (P<0.001, R
2=0.40). The additional value of clinical and angiographic characteristics was limited. The optimal peak CK‐MB cutpoints, for differentiation among small (<10% of the left ventricle), moderate (≥10%–<30%), and large infarct size (≥30%), were 210 U/L and 380 U/L, respectively. These cutpoints were associated with 90‐day mortality; the hazard ratio for moderate infarct was 2.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51‐5.93, P=0.002) and for large infarct 6.53 (95% CI: 3.63‐11.76, P<0.001).ConclusionsClassical peak CK‐MB measured during hospitalization for STEMI was superior to other clinical and angiographic characteristics in predicting CMRI‐defined infarct size and LVEF, and should be included and validated in future multimarker studies. Peak CK‐MB cutpoints differentiated among infarct size categories and were associated with increased 90‐day mortality risk.