bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetic map comparator: a user-friendly application to display and compare genetic maps
Authors: Holtz Yan , David Jacques Léon , Ranwez Vincent 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Marker-assisted selection strongly relies on genetic maps to accelerate breeding programs. High-density maps are now available for numerous species. Dedicated tools are required to compare several high-density maps on the basis of their key characteristics, while pinpointing their differences and similarities.

Results
We developed the Genetic Map Comparator—a web-based application for easy comparison of different maps according to their key statistics and the relative positions of common markers.

Availability and Implementation
The Genetic Map Comparator is available online at: http://bioweb.supagro.inra.fr/geneticMapComparator. The source code is freely available on GitHub under the under the CeCILL general public license: https://github.com/holtzy/GenMap-Comparator.
Potential Distribution Map of Culicoides insignis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Vector of Bluetongue Virus, in Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Veggiani Aybar Cecilia A. , Díaz Gomez Romina A. , Dantur Juri María J. , Lizarralde de Grosso Mercedes S. , Spinelli Gustavo R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCulicoides insignis Lutz is incriminated as a vector of bluetongue virus (BTV) to ruminants in America. In South America, almost all countries have serological evidence of BTV infections, but only four outbreaks of the disease have been reported. Although clinical diseases have never been cited in Argentina, viral activity has been detected in cattle. In this study, we developed a potential distribution map of Culicoides insignis populations in northwestern Argentina using Maximum Entropy Modeling (Maxent). For the analyses, information regarding both data of specimen collections between 2003 and 2013, and climatic and environmental variables was used. Variables selection was based on the ecological relevance in relation to Culicoides spp. biology and distribution in the area. The best Maxent model according to the Jackknife test included 53 C. insignis presence records and precipitation of the warmest quarter, altitude, and precipitation of the wettest month. Accuracy was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC = 0.97). These results provide an important analytical resource of high potential for both the development of suitable control strategies and the assessment of disease transmission risk in the region.
Ephemera danica (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) As a Resource for Two Commensals: Ciliated Protozoans (Sessilida) and Chironomids (Diptera)
Authors: Grzybkowska Maria , Szczerkowska-Majchrzak Eliza , Dukowska Małgorzata , Leszczyńska Joanna , Przybylski Mirosław 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe distribution and coexistence of two unrelated commensals, the chironomid Epoicocladius ephemerae (Kieffer 1924) and ciliate Carchesium polypinum L. 1758, on one host species, Ephemera danica Muller 1764, sampled in two small lowland rivers in 2009, 2010 and 2011, were investigated. We analyzed 288 mayfly specimens from the Bzura River and 101 from the Mroga River. The number of commensals on a single mayfly specimen varied between 0 and 18 chironomids, and from 0 to 46 colonies of ciliates. Prevalences were &gt;48% for chironomids and ∼30% for ciliates, whereas mean intensities were low (4.01±6.04 commensals on one host). The spatial distribution of each commensal species was investigated on different parts of the host body. Neither chironomids nor ciliates infected the whole mayfly body. The co-occurrence of these two commensals was not random and showed a negative association. Chironomids were most frequent on two or three parts of the body (two parts of the abdomen, with gills and without gills, and legs), whereas ciliates were found on two parts (the whole abdomen). Coexistence of the two commensal species led to partitioning of resources that was host body size dependent: small mayflies (optimal size 11.63 mm) were primarily settled by ciliated protozoans while larger specimens (optimal size 28.77 mm) were settled by chironomids.
Youth Justice in Japan
Authors: Ellis Tom , Kyo Akira 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides the first comprehensive overview of Japanese youth justice, locating it within wider conceptual considerations of youth justice, such as welfare versus justice and penal populism, before outlining its historical development and questioning its uniqueness. It discusses the contested notion pre-delinquency and its net widening potential and its place in the wider trends in Japanese youth crime. The study critically assesses the overall organization, administration, and impact of the Family Court (equivalent to youth or juvenile courts) and summarizes recent developments in youth crime policy. Although the Family Court is at the center of youth justice, it involves many social welfare elements. Despite the increasingly punitive rhetoric, policy, and legislation for juveniles in Japan, there is no evidence that more juvenile offenders are being committed to the adult courts. Overall, we found a clear precedence of social welfare over criminal policy considerations.
Aesthetic, Sociological, and Exploitative Attitudes to Landscape in Greco-Roman Literature, Art, and Culture
Authors: Spencer Diana 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article introduces and discusses ancient and contemporary approaches to landscape and proposes model readings for their evaluation. Model readings suggest strategies drawn from environmental and ecocritical studies alongside art historical, and more traditional literary studies approaches. This article emphasizes in particular the benefits of evaluating architectural and agricultural interventions in nature alongside one another. Perceptions of landscape in the Greco-Roman world were strongly associated with cultivation and human invention. In order better to understand how and why aesthetic interest, sentiment, mood, and movement can also be significant, this article explores what makes for “improvement” and value in landscape. It also investigates how contemporary theory offers new ways of evaluating ancient depictions of landscape and responses to the natural environment.
Native American Diaspora and Ethnogenesis
Authors: Cipolla Craig N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter considers the current state and future of archaeological studies of Native American diaspora and ethnogenesis. It begins with an exploration of the broader literature concerning diaspora and ethnogenesis, comparing these branches of scholarship with the specific conditions—epistemological, historical, and political—of archaeologies of indigenous North America. The challenges and benefits of studying Native American diaspora and ethnogenesis are highlighted. The future of such studies is explored in relation to recent moves toward post-humanism that challenge archaeologists to ask crucial questions on who and what constitutes a community. Drawing briefly upon several case studies throughout, the essay places most emphasis on the diaspora and ethnogenesis of the Brothertown Indians. It concludes that notions of diaspora and ethnogenesis stand to make important contributions to the decolonization of indigenous history in both academic and public venues.
Interpregnancy Interval After Termination of Pregnancy and the Risks of Adverse Outcomes in Subsequent Birth
Authors: Männistö Jaana , Bloigu Aini , Mentula Maarit , Gissler Mika , Heikinheimo Oskari , Niinimäki Maarit 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether the length of the interpregnancy interval after termination of pregnancy influences the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational-age neonates in a subsequent pregnancy.

METHODS:
In this register-based study, we included all women (N=19,894) who underwent termination of pregnancy between 2000 and 2009 and whose subsequent pregnancy ended in live singleton delivery. The women were divided into five groups depending on the interpregnancy interval between termination of pregnancy and subsequent conception: interpregnancy interval less than 6 months (n=2,956), 6 to less than 12 months (n=3,203), 12 to less than 18 months (n=2,623), 18 to less than 24 months (n=2,076), and 24 months or greater (n=9,036). The incidences and unadjusted and adjusted risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational-age neonates were calculated in relation to the different interpregnancy interval lengths, the reference group being that with an interpregnancy interval of 18 to less than 24 months.

RESULTS:
There was a significant difference in the rate of preterm birth between the group with the interpregnancy interval less than 6 months and the reference group (5.6% compared with 4.0%, respectively, P=.008). After adjusting for nine background factors, an interpregnancy interval of less than 6 months was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.77). No such association emerged in longer interpregnancy interval groups or regarding other adverse events. The possibility of unmeasured confounding cannot be ruled out.

CONCLUSION:
Slightly but significantly increased estimated risk of preterm delivery in subsequent pregnancy was seen when the interpregnancy interval after termination of pregnancy was less than 6 months. These data emphasize the need for prompt initiation of effective contraception after termination and enable counseling the patient for optimal conception interval.
Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation for Pain Relief During Office Hysteroscopy
Authors: Lisón Juan F. , Amer-Cuenca Juan J. , Piquer-Martí Silvia , Benavent-Caballer Vicente , Biviá-Roig Gemma , Marín-Buck Alejandro 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the pain-relieving effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) during office-based hysteroscopy without sedation.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the active TENS, placebo TENS, or control group. The active TENS intervention consisted of a varying high-frequency (80–100 Hz), 400-microseconds, individually adjusted, high-intensity TENS application with two self-adhesive electrodes placed parallel to the spinal cord at the T10–L1 and S2–S4 levels. In the placebo group, participants were connected to the TENS unit but delivering no electrical stimulation. The primary outcome was self-reported pain intensity (0–100 mm) measured on a visual analog scale at several stages (entry, contact, biopsy, and residual). The minimum clinically relevant difference for the visual analog scale has been previously reported as 10 mm. Sample size was calculated to provide 80% power to show a 10-mm difference (α=0.0125) in the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included duration of the procedure, vital parameters, vasovagal symptoms, and participant satisfaction index (0–10 rating scale).

RESULTS:
A total of 138 women (46 per group) participated in the study between January 2016 and April 2016. No differences were found between groups regarding age, weight, body mass index, parity status, menopausal status, or previous hysteroscopy status. Visual analog scale scores highlighted a decrease in pain in the active TENS group compared with the placebo group (entry: −11 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] −17 to −5; contact: −21.9 mm, 95% CI −30 to −13.9; biopsy: −30.5 mm, 95% CI −47.1 to −13.8, P<.001). Moreover, the reduction in pain reached the minimum clinically relevant difference. Regarding satisfaction, results also revealed differences between active TENS and placebo groups (1.3, 95% CI 0.5–2.2, P=.001).

CONCLUSION:
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain and increases patient satisfaction during office hysteroscopy without sedation.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02647008.
Antiplatelet Agents and the Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: van Vliet Elvira O. G. , Askie Lisa A. , Mol Ben W. J. , Oudijk Martijn A. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
Spontaneous preterm birth is an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. An increasing body of evidence suggests that uteroplacental ischemia plays an important role in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth. We aimed to study whether antiplatelet agents reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

DATA SOURCES:
We included data from an individual participant data meta-analysis of studies that had evaluated the effect of antiplatelet agents to reduce preeclampsia (Perinatal Antiplatelet Review of International Studies Individual Participant Data).

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
The meta-analysis included 31 studies that randomized women to low-dose aspirin–dipyridamole or placebo–no treatment as a primary preventive strategy for preeclampsia. For the current study we analyzed data from 17 trials (28,797 women) that supplied data on type of delivery (spontaneous compared with indicated birth).

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Primary endpoints were spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks, less than 34 weeks, and less than 28 weeks of gestation. We analyzed outcomes for each trial separately using χ2 statistics and combined in an individual participant data meta-analysis using a binary logistic regression model. Women assigned to antiplatelet treatment compared with placebo or no treatment had a lower risk of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks (relative risk [RR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–0.996) and less than 34 weeks of gestation (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.99). The RR of having a spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation was 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.95) for women who have had a previous pregnancy and 0.98 (95% CI 0.89–1.09) for women in their first pregnancy. The treatment effect was stable in all other prespecified subgroups.

CONCLUSION:
Antiplatelet agents reduce spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia.
Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Hispanic Women in New York City
Authors: Howell Elizabeth A. , Egorova Natalia N. , Janevic Teresa , Balbierz Amy , Zeitlin Jennifer , Hebert Paul L. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate differences in severe maternal morbidity between Hispanic mothers and three major Hispanic subgroups compared with non-Hispanic white mothers and the extent to which differences in delivery hospitals may contribute to excess morbidity among Hispanic mothers.

METHODS:
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using linked 2011–2013 New York City discharge and birth certificate data sets (n=353,773). Rates of severe maternal morbidity were calculated using a published algorithm based on diagnosis and procedure codes. Mixed-effects logistic regression with a random hospital-specific intercept was used to generate risk-standardized severe maternal morbidity rates for each hospital taking into consideration patient sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities. Differences in the distribution of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white deliveries were assessed among these hospitals in relation to their risk-adjusted morbidity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted after excluding isolated blood transfusion from the morbidity composite.

RESULTS:
Severe maternal morbidity occurred in 4,541 deliveries and was higher among Hispanic than non-Hispanic white women (2.7% compared with 1.5%, P<.001); this rate was 2.9% among those who were Puerto Rican, 2.7% among those who were foreign-born Dominican, and 3.3% among those who were foreign-born Mexican. After adjustment for patient characteristics, the risk remained elevated for Hispanic women (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–1.66) and for all three subgroups compared with non-Hispanic white women (P<.001). Risk for Hispanic women was attenuated in sensitivity analyses (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.33). Risk-standardized morbidity across hospitals varied sixfold. We estimate that Hispanic–non-Hispanic white differences in delivery location may contribute up to 37% of the ethnic disparity in severe maternal morbidity rates in New York City hospitals.

CONCLUSION:
Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic white mothers are more likely to deliver at hospitals with higher risk-adjusted severe maternal morbidity rates and these differences in site of delivery may contribute to excess morbidity among Hispanic mothers. Our results suggest improving quality at the lowest performing hospitals could benefit both non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women and reduce ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity rates.
Cadaveric Testing of Robot-Assisted Access to the Internal Auditory Canal for Vestibular Schwannoma Removal
Authors: Dillon Neal P. , Balachandran Ramya , Siebold Michael A. , Webster Robert J. , Wanna George B. , Labadie Robert F. 
Published: January 2017

Hypothesis:
An image-guided robotic system can safely perform the bulk removal of bone during the translabyrinthine approach to vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Background:
The translabyrinthine approach to VS removal involves extensive manual milling in the temporal bone to gain access to the internal auditory canal (IAC) for tumor resection. This bone removal is time consuming and challenging due to the presence of vital anatomy (e.g., facial nerve) embedded within the temporal bone. A robotic system can use preoperative imaging and segmentations to guide a surgical drill to remove a prescribed volume of bone, thereby preserving the surgeon for the more delicate work of opening the IAC and resecting the tumor.

Methods:
Fresh human cadaver heads were used in the experiments. For each trial, the desired bone resection volume was planned on a preoperative computed tomography (CT) image, the steps in the proposed clinical workflow were undertaken, and the robot was programmed to mill the specified volume. A postoperative CT scan was acquired for evaluation of the accuracy of the milled cavity and examination of vital anatomy.

Results:
In all experimental trials, the facial nerve and chorda tympani were preserved. The root mean squared surface accuracy of the milled cavities ranged from 0.23 to 0.65 mm and the milling time ranged from 32.7 to 57.0 minute.

Conclusion:
This work shows feasibility of using a robot-assisted approach for VS removal surgery. Further testing and system improvements are necessary to enable clinical translation of this technology.
Influence of Behavior on Complications of Osseointegrated Bone Conduction Devices in Children
Authors: Kubala Michael E. , Cox Matthew D. , Nelson Kurt L. , Richter Gresham T. , Dornhoffer John L. 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
Compare incidences of complications following implantation of osseointegrated bone conduction devices (OBCD) between children with and without behavioral disorders.

Study Design:
Case series with chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center otology and neurotology practice.

Patients:
Pediatric patients who underwent implantation of OBCD between May 2009 and July 2014 at Arkansas Children's Hospital.

Interventions:
Implantation with Cochlear BAHA 200 series, Cochlear BAHA BI300, or Oticon OBCD.

Main Outcome Measures:
Osseointegration failure (OIF) with resulting loss of flange-fixture and/or skin and soft tissue reactions.

Results:
The total rate of complications was 66.2%, with the majority being minor complications (39.4%). There was no difference in the total rate of complication (p = 0.461), minor complications (p = 0.443), major complications (p = 0.777), and minor and major complications (p = 0.762) between the control group and children with behavioral disorders.

Conclusion:
Behavior was not observed to influence the incidence of OIF or skin/soft tissue reactions after implantation of OBCD in pediatric patients.
Differences in Use of High-quality and Low-quality Hospitals Among Working-age Individuals by Insurance Type
Authors: Popescu Ioana , Heslin Kevin C. , Coffey Rosanna M. , Washington Raynard E. , Barrett Marguerite L. , Karnell Lucy H. , Escarce José J. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Research suggests that individuals with Medicaid or no insurance receive fewer evidence-based treatments and have worse outcomes than those with private insurance for a broad range of conditions. These differences may be due to patients’ receiving care in hospitals of different quality.

Research Design:
We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases 2009–2010 data to identify patients aged 18–64 years with private insurance, Medicaid, or no insurance who were hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, stroke, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Multinomial logit regressions estimated the probability of admissions to hospitals classified as high, medium, or low quality on the basis of risk-adjusted, in-hospital mortality.

Results:
Compared with patients who have private insurance, those with Medicaid or no insurance were more likely to be minorities and to reside in areas with low-socioeconomic status. The probability of admission to high-quality hospitals was similar for patients with Medicaid (23.3%) and private insurance (23.0%) but was significantly lower for patients without insurance (19.8%, P<0.01) compared with the other 2 insurance groups. Accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics did not influence the results.

Conclusions:
Previously noted disparities in hospital quality of care for Medicaid recipients are not explained by differences in the quality of hospitals they use. Patients without insurance have lower use of high-quality hospitals, a finding that needs exploration with data after 2013 in light of the Affordable Care Act, which is designed to improve access to medical care for patients without insurance.
Effect of Probiotics on Diarrhea in Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Grenov Benedikte , Namusoke Hanifa , Lanyero Betty , Nabukeera‐Barungi Nicolette , Ritz Christian , Mølgaard Christian , Friis Henrik , Michaelsen Kim F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotics on diarrhea during in‐ and outpatient treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).Methods:A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted involving 400 children admitted with SAM. Patients received 1 daily dose of a blend of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (10 billion colony‐forming units, 50:50) or placebo during hospitalization followed by an 8‐ to 12‐week outpatient treatment period, depending on patients’ recovery rate. All outcomes were reported for in‐ and outpatient treatment separately. The primary outcome was number of days with diarrhea during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included other diarrhea outcomes, pneumonia, weight gain, and recovery.Results:There was no difference in number of days with diarrhea between the probiotic (n = 200) and placebo (n = 200) groups during inpatient treatment (adjusted difference +0.2 days, 95% confidence interval −0.8 to 1.2, P = 0.69); however, during outpatient treatment, probiotics reduced days with diarrhea (adjusted difference −2.2 days 95% confidence interval −3.5 to −0.3, P = 0.025). There were no effects of probiotics on diarrhea incidence and severity or pneumonia, weight gain or recovery during in‐ or outpatient treatment. Twenty‐six patients died in the probiotic versus 20 in the placebo group (P = 0.38).Conclusions:Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus had no effect on diarrhea in children with SAM during hospitalization, but reduced the number of days with diarrhea in outpatient treatment by 26%. Probiotics may have a role in follow‐up of hospitalized children with SAM or in community‐based treatment of malnourished children, but further studies are needed to confirm this.