bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative proteomic analysis between fifth‐instar nymphs and adults of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri
Authors: El‐Shesheny Ibrahim , El‐Hawary Ibrahim , Mesbah Ibrahim , Killiny Nabil 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAsian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is extremely problematic worldwide, particularly where Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, the most serious and devastating of citrus diseases, is found. The threat is a result of its ability to transmit the causal agent of HLB, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) bacterium. Improvements in proteomics, mass spectrometry, bioinformatics tools and gene ontology annotation facilitate the mapping and large‐scale identification and quantification of proteins. To date, only a few comparative proteomic studies report the developmental proteomic changes of hemimetabolous and plant–disease vector insects. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of D. citri total protein is able to detect qualitative and quantitative developmental differences. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry identifies 89 protein spots. Most proteins are metabolism and bioenergetics‐related. Nineteen protein spots are found to be implicated in stress/defence/immunity; 7 in development regulation; 9 in nervous system functions; 4 in the reproductive system; 23 in cytoskeleton and muscle organization; and 4 in movement, flight and other processes. Significant increases in the level of proteins related to structural constitution of the skeleton, stress/defence/immunity, reproduction system, muscles, locomotion and flight are found in adults, consistent with the fact that D. citri is a hemimetabolous insect, whereas proteins involved in developmental regulation are higher in the nymphal stage. The identification of these variably expressed proteins between the nymph and adult stages, linked with the basis of their physiological roles, will lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing development in D. citri and the regulation of some crucial metabolic pathways. It may also help to identify targets for genetic manipulation using RNA interference or other techniques to disrupt Asian citrus psyllid development, lifespan or its ability to transmit CLas.
Coaxial Electrospinning Method for the Preparation of TiO2@CdS/PVA Composite Nanofiber Mat and Investigation on its Photodegradation Catalysis
Authors: Luo Yanmei , Jia Yiru , Zhang Dexian , Cheng Xinjian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTiO2/PVA composite nanofiber mat was prepared via an electrospinning technology. SH‐TiO2‐SiO2 hybrid particles and PVA solution were injected through a coaxial syringe, yielding a composite nanofiber mat. The as‐prepared SH‐TiO2‐SiO2/PVA composite nanofiber mat was immersed in Cd2+ cation solution and S2− anion solution in turn. Thus, yellow TiO2@CdS/PVA composite nanofiber mats were prepared. By adjusting the number of times a mat was immersed in the Cd2+ and S2− solutions, different amounts of CdS particles attaching to the mats were obtained. Both SH‐TiO2‐SiO2/PVA and TiO2@CdS/PVA composite nanofiber mats were employed to catalyze the photodegradation of a model dye, methylene blue. The photodegradation performance could be greatly enhanced by the introduction of CdS particles anchoring onto TiO2 particles. The photodegradation efficiency reached 99.2% within 180 min. Also, the nanofiber mat could be recycled and reused at least 10 times. The photodegradation efficiency of TiO2@CdS/PVA composite nanofiber mats remained 68.8% for 10 cycles.
Diel variations in carbon isotopic composition and concentration of organic acids and their impact on plant dark respiration in different species
Authors: Lehmann M. M. , Wegener F. , Werner R. A. , Werner C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLeaf respiration in the dark and its C isotopic composition (δ13CR) contain information about internal metabolic processes and respiratory substrates. δ13CR is known to be less negative compared to potential respiratory substrates, in particular shortly after darkening during light enhanced dark respiration (LEDR). This phenomenon might be driven by respiration of accumulated 13C‐enriched organic acids, however, studies simultaneously measuring δ13CR during LEDR and potential respiratory substrates are rare. We determined δ13CR and respiration rates (R) during LEDR, as well as δ13C and concentrations of potential respiratory substrates using compound‐specific isotope analyses. The measurements were conducted throughout the diel cycle in several plant species under different environmental conditions. δ13CR and R patterns during LEDR were strongly species‐specific and showed an initial peak, which was followed by a progressive decrease in both values. The species‐specific differences in δ13CR and R during LEDR may be partially explained by the isotopic composition of organic acids (e.g., oxalate, isocitrate, quinate, shikimate, malate), which were 13C‐enriched compared to other respiratory substrates (e.g., sugars and amino acids). However, the diel variations in both δ13C and concentrations of the organic acids were generally low. Thus, additional factors such as the heterogeneous isotope distribution in organic acids and the relative contribution of the organic acids to respiration are required to explain the strong 13C enrichment in leaf dark‐respired CO2.
Does Iconicity in Pictographs Matter? The Influence of Iconicity and Numeracy on Information Processing, Decision Making, and Liking in an Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Kreuzmair Christina , Siegrist Michael , Keller Carmen 
Published: April 2016

Researchers recommend the use of pictographs in medical risk communication to improve people's risk comprehension and decision making. However, it is not yet clear whether the iconicity used in pictographs to convey risk information influences individuals’ information processing and comprehension. In an eye‐tracking experiment with participants from the general population (N = 188), we examined whether specific types of pictograph icons influence the processing strategy viewers use to extract numerical information. In addition, we examined the effect of iconicity and numeracy on probability estimation, recall, and icon liking. This experiment used a 2 (iconicity: blocks vs. restroom icons) × 2 (scenario: medical vs. nonmedical) between‐subject design. Numeracy had a significant effect on information processing strategy, but we found no effect of iconicity or scenario. Results indicated that both icon types enabled high and low numerates to use their default way of processing and extracting the gist of the message from the pictorial risk communication format: high numerates counted icons, whereas low numerates used large‐area processing. There was no effect of iconicity in the probability estimation. However, people who saw restroom icons had a higher probability of correctly recalling the exact risk level. Iconicity had no effect on icon liking. Although the effects are small, our findings suggest that person‐like restroom icons in pictographs seem to have some advantages for risk communication. Specifically, in nonpersonalized prevention brochures, person‐like restroom icons may maintain reader motivation for processing the risk information.
Description and Biomechanical Comparison of a Percutaneous Radiologic Gastropexy Technique in a Canine Cadaver Model
Authors: Culp William T. N. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Kim Sun Y. , Glaiberman Craig B. , Grimes Millie , Mayhew Philipp D. , Johnson Eric G. , Palm Carrie A. , Garcia Tanya C. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe a novel percutaneous radiologic gastropexy (PRG) technique in a canine model and to biomechanically compare this technique to open incisional gastropexy (OIG) and laparoscopic‐assisted incisional gastropexy (LAG).Study DesignRandomized ex vivo biomechanical study.Animals: Canine cadavers.MethodsFifteen cadavers were randomized to 1 of 3 surgical interventions: OIG, LAG, and PRG. For the PRG procedure, the stomach was distended with air, and a preloaded T‐fastener device was utilized to attach the stomach to the body wall with fluoroscopic‐guidance. The procedural times of the 3 techniques were recorded. After completion of the procedure, the stomach and body wall overlying the stomach wall were harvested and the maximum tensile strength of the gastropexies was determined.ResultsThe maximal tensile strength was not significantly different between groups. The total procedural time for the PRG procedure (5 minutes) was significantly shorter than both OIG (28 minutes) and LAG (20 minutes) procedures.ConclusionThe PRG technique described in this study demonstrated a similar maximal tensile strength to commonly employed gastropexy techniques (OIG and LAG) in an acute canine model. Additionally, the PRG procedure was significantly faster to perform. The clinical relevance of this technique will be determined by further study to assess the applicability and efficacy of this procedure in clinical patients by determining the likelihood of adhesion development and the ability of the adhesion to prevent gastric volvulus.
Compact Model for the Static and Dynamic Behavior of a Piezoelectric Bimorph Actuator for Microfluidic MEMS
Authors: Rumschoettel Dominik , Kagerer Markus , Irlinger Franz , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: April 2016

Piezoelectric actuators are commonly used in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). They can deliver high forces, large accelerations, and high power densities. However, one of their weaknesses is the comparatively small actuator travel that can be readily achieved. The elongation attainable by a slab of piezoelectric material is only a few tenth of a percent. Therefore, it is often useful to employ mechanical structures which are capable of amplifying those minute deflections.
A particularly often used configuration is a sandwich structure consisting of either two differently poled strips of piezoelectric material or a single strip of piezoelectric and a layer of passive material. Such a structure is called a bimorph. If one of the layers is mounted above a cavity, the structure forms a membrane actuator. Because of their capability to displace fluid volume, those actuators are suitable for a wide range of applications in the area of microfluidics, including, but not limited to, micropumps, microvalves, microdroplet generators, and high frequency acoustic transducers. The directed design of those actuators demands the determination of their mechanical and electrical properties in advance.
In the present paper a compact model for the characterization of such a bimorphic membrane actuator is presented. The model is based on an analytical description of the bending line of the membrane by means of Euler-Bernoulli-Beam theory. Relationships for the dependency of the actuator deflection and the volume displaced by the membrane on the geometry and the material properties of the actuator are established. Other model parameters like the moving mass and the effective stiffness are also determined. The identified parameters are used to create a behavioral model of the full dynamic characteristics of the actuator. This allows the prediction of the dynamic response to an arbitrary input excitation signal.
The model is validated by comparing the predicted static and dynamic behavior of the membrane actuator with empirically derived results. For this purpose a number of test specimen with different actuator geometries are fabricated. The quasi-static deflection of the actuator is monitored with a laser-vibrometer for different drive voltages. Furthermore the dynamic behavior of the actuator is determined by recording its step response function.
Overall, a model for the prediction of the static and dynamic behavior of a piezoelectrically driven bimorph membrane actuator is presented. The model validation shows good agreement between the predicted and measured behavior for the quasi-static deflection of the actuator and reasonable agreement for its dynamic properties.
Effect of polymer-coated urea on nitrous oxide emission in zero-till and conventionally tilled silage corn
Authors: Hunt Derek E. , Bittman Shabtai , Zhang Hongjie , Bhandral Rita , Grant Cynthia A. , Lemke Reynald 
Published: April 2016

Little is known about nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from silage corn (Zea mays L.). Studies have shown that controlled-release N fertilizers have the potential to reduce N2O emissions, compared with conventional N fertilizers. This 2-year field study compared N2O emissions from urea fertilizer and a slow-release polymer-coated urea (CRU) applied to silage corn on soils managed with conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT). The study was conducted on a silty loam soil in the cool, moist climate of south coastal British Columbia, Canada, taking year-around measurements from static chambers. Over 2 study years there was a significant interaction between N sources and tillage methods; under CT there was no significant difference between CRU and urea (557 vs. 447 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively), but under ZT, emissions from CRU were significantly higher than from urea (968 vs. 381 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively). Annual emissions of N2O-N ranged from 0.09 to 0.65% of applied N fertilizer. The CRU also had significantly greater emissions than urea per unit N uptake and plant yield under ZT, while there was no significant difference between N sources under CT. The results do not indicate that NO3− release from broadcast CRU matches corn growth or reduces emission of N2O.
A new Brazilian species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae) and a new synonym for Psidium amplexicaule
Authors: Santos Leidiana Lima , Sales Margareth Ferreira , Sobral Marcos 
Published: April 2016

Myrcia arenaria, a new species of Myrcia sensu lato, is described, illustrated and compared with related species. The species is recognized by a combination of characters, which include elliptic to oval foliar blades, flower buds tearing at anthesis into 3 irregular lobes or 5 regular lobes; lobes obovate, apiculate, sericeous at the base and flowers without petals. This taxon seems to be restricted to the coastal areas of northeastern Brazil, growing in the restingas located in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Sergipe. Additionally, we also proposed the synonymization of Marlierea leal-costae with Psidium amplexicaule. We also present a map showing the geographical distribution of the species.
Levitation Diffusion Chamber Measurements of the Mass Growth of Small Ice Crystals from Vapor
Authors: Harrison Alexander , Moyle Alfred M. , Hanson Marcus , Harrington Jerry Y. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A levitation diffusion chamber designed to examine the mass growth from the vapor of small ice particles (diameter &lt; 100 μm) at ambient pressure (≃970 hPa) and low temperature (T &lt; −30°C) is presented. The diffusion chamber is unique in that charged ice particles are levitated by an opposing voltage on the lower copper plate with lateral stability provided by button quadrupole electrodes attached to the upper copper plate. The button electrodes are far from the ice particle growth region, allowing ice particles to grow free of substrate influences. Experiments have been conducted for temperatures from −30° to −35.7°C, ice supersaturations from 2.5% to 28.6%, and over growth times ranging from 5 to 15 min. The experiments indicate that mass varies nonlinearly in time and exhibits a dependence on initial particle radius and ice supersaturation in accord with expectations from theory. In contrast to expectations from spherical capacitance theory, the derived mass growth rates do not scale linearly with radius, and derived effective shape factors (capacitance normalized with radius) are approximately 0.5. Fitting the growth data with a theoretical model indicates that growth is limited by surface kinetics with deposition coefficients ranging from 0.003 to 0.02.
Sensitivities of Extreme Precipitation to Global Warming Are Lower over Mountains than over Oceans and Plains
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Durran Dale 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Climate-model simulations predict an intensification of extreme precipitation in almost all areas of the world under global warming. Local variations in the magnitude of this intensification are evident in these simulations, but most previous efforts to understand the factors responsible for the changes in extreme precipitation focused on zonal averages and neglected zonal variations, leading to uncertainties in the understanding and estimation of regional responses. Here the spatial heterogeneity of the warming-induced response of midlatitude extreme precipitation is studied in climate-model simulations with idealized orography on the western margins of otherwise flat continents. It is shown that the sensitivity of extreme precipitation to warming (i.e., its fractional rate of increase in intensity with global-mean surface temperature) is ~3% K−1 lower over the mountains than the oceans and plains. This difference in sensitivity is primarily produced by differences in the dynamics governing vertical ascent over the three regions. In these extreme events, mountain-wave dynamics control the moist ascent over the mountains, and the sensitivity of this ascent to global warming is mainly controlled by changes in upper-level dry static stability and the cross-mountain winds. In contrast, midlatitude cyclone dynamics govern moist ascent over the oceans and plains. Ascending motions in intense midlatitude cyclones are sensitive to the ratio of the moist static stability in their saturated cores to the dry stability in surrounding regions. This ratio decreases in the warmer world, intensifying the maximum vertical velocities while reducing the horizontal extent of the regions of the rising air within the cyclone.
Hypoplasia of the Vestibular Aqueduct and Endolymphatic SAC in Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: Egami Tetsuya , Sando Isamu , Black F. Owen 
Published: April 2016

Four temporal bones from three previously reported cases showing endolymphatic hydrops and pathology of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and endolymphatic sac (ES) were investigated further.Pathology of the VA and ES was studied by measuring the sizes of the VA and ES, paying particular attention to the proximal rugose portions. A medial‐view graphic reconstruction was created to delineate the course and size of the VA, as well as its correlation with neighboring structures (posterior canal and cochlea). In addition, 20 control temporal bones were selected and measured for quantitative study of the sizes of the VA and ES.The four pathologic temporal bones were shown to have small, simple, tube‐like VA and ES, without surrounding bony pathology. This appeared to be congenital hypoplasia characterized by hypoplastic funnel‐shaped dilatation of the VA and hypoplastic rugose portion of the ES. Anterior dislocation of the distal portion of the VA and poorly developed periaqueductal air cells were also noted in the pathologic bones.Susceptibility to endolymphatic hydrops, difficulty in radiologic visualization of the VA, and surgical exposure of the ES are discussed in relation to hypoplasia of the VA and ES.
Actinomycosis of the Larynx and Pharynx
Authors: Brandenburg James H. , Finch William W. , Kirkham Wayne R. 
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a case report of a 67‐year‐old man who was seen in the Otolaryngology Clinic, University of Wisconsin Medical Center with a seven‐month history of dyspnea and laryngeal stridor. On examination there were several slightly tender firm submucosal nodules in the soft palate and left tonsilar area and a 1.5‐cm polypoid subglottic mass arising from the body of the cricoid cartilage. Because of the marked airway obstruction, a tracheotomy was necessary. The laryngeal polypoid mass was removed and biopsies were obtained from the submucosal nodular masses of the palate. Microscopic examination of the tissue revealed the lesions to be caseating granulomas, and actinomycosis was identified on the cultures.The patient received long‐term penicillin therapy and has remained asymptomatic.A discussion of the biologic and clinical aspects of actinomycosis is included. A review of the literature revealed only one other description of endolaryngeal actinomycosis.
ChemiRs: a web application for microRNAs and chemicals
Authors: Su Emily Chia-Yu , Chen Yu-Sing , Tien Yun-Cheng , Liu Jeff , Ho Bing-Ching , Yu Sung-Liang , Singh Sher 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are about 22 nucleotides, non-coding RNAs that affect various cellular functions, and play a regulatory role in different organisms including human. Until now, more than 2500 mature miRNAs in human have been discovered and registered, but still lack of information or algorithms to reveal the relations among miRNAs, environmental chemicals and human health. Chemicals in environment affect our health and daily life, and some of them can lead to diseases by inferring biological pathways.

Results
We develop a creditable online web server, ChemiRs, for predicting interactions and relations among miRNAs, chemicals and pathways. The database not only compares gene lists affected by chemicals and miRNAs, but also incorporates curated pathways to identify possible interactions.

Conclusions
Here, we manually retrieved associations of miRNAs and chemicals from biomedical literature. We developed an online system, ChemiRs, which contains miRNAs, diseases, Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms, chemicals, genes, pathways and PubMed IDs. We connected each miRNA to miRBase, and every current gene symbol to HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) for genome annotation. Human pathway information is also provided from KEGG and REACTOME databases. Information about Gene Ontology (GO) is queried from GO Online SQL Environment (GOOSE). With a user-friendly interface, the web application is easy to use. Multiple query results can be easily integrated and exported as report documents in PDF format. Association analysis of miRNAs and chemicals can help us understand the pathogenesis of chemical components. ChemiRs is freely available for public use at http://omics.biol.ntnu.edu.tw/ChemiRs.
The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation
Authors: Pérez Christine , Sawmiller Darrell , Tan Jun 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. ASDs are accompanied with substantial economic and emotional cost. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Of particular interest is its role in the Slit/Robo pathway. The Slit/Robo pathway is known to be involved in the regulation of axonal guidance and dendritic spine formation. HS mediates the Slit/Robo interaction; without its presence Slit’s repulsive activity is abrogated. Slit/Robo regulates dendritic spine formation through its interaction with srGAPs (slit-robo GTPase Activating Proteins), which leads to downstream signaling, actin cytoskeleton depolymerization and dendritic spine collapse. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.