bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Methyl Glycolide with Bifunctional Organocatalyst
Authors: Alagi Prakash , Nikam Shrikant B. , Gopalsamy Karuppasamy , Bashihab Lujain , Szekely Gyorgy , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA bifunctional thiourea‐amine‐based organocatalyst (Takemoto's catalyst), employing a metal‐free approach, is presented for the regioselective ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of optically active (D and L) methyl glycolide (MG). In this study, a chiral version of Takemoto's catalyst efficiently promotes the ROP of MG at room temperature, yielding poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acids) (PLGAs) with predicted molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI≤1.2). These PLGAs exhibit highly alternating structures without transesterification, as confirmed by 1H NMR, SEC, and MALDI‐TOF analyses. Additionally, various macromolecular architectures, including linear and star‐shaped PLGAs, were successfully synthesized using the corresponding multi‐functional alcohol initiators while maintaining the same alternating structures and regioselectivity with PLGA obtained from benzyl alcohol as initiator. Computational studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of alternating PLGA formation, revealing two key transition states (TSs): TS‐1, which implicates the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group of the initiator or propagating chain on the carbonyl carbon of MG, and TS‐2, which involves the subsequent ring‐opening of the cyclic ester. The results indicate that ring‐opening occurs at both the glycolyl and lactyl sites, with a preference for the glycolyl site, as supported by experimental results. The resulting atactic PLGAs are amorphous, rendering them suitable for drug delivery applications.
A Multiresponsive Ferrocene‐Based Chiral Overcrowded Alkene Twisting Liquid Crystals
Authors: Fellert Maximilian , Hein Robert , Ryabchun Alexander , Gisbert Yohan , Stindt Charlotte N. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe reversible modulation of chirality has gained significant attention not only for fundamental stereochemical studies but also for numerous applications ranging from liquid crystals (LCs) to molecular motors and machines. This requires the construction of switchable molecules with (multiple) chiral elements in a highly enantioselective manner, which is often a significant synthetic challenge. Here, we show that the dimerization of an easily accessible enantiopure planar chiral ferrocene‐indanone building block affords a multi‐stimuli‐responsive dimer (FcD) with pre‐determined double bond geometry, helical chirality, and relative orientation of the two ferrocene motifs in high yield. This intrinsically planar chiral switch can not only undergo thermal or photochemical E/Z isomerization but can also be reversibly and quantitatively oxidized to both a monocationic and a dicationic state which is associated with significant changes in its (chir)optical properties. Specifically, FcD acts as a chiral dopant for cholesteric LCs with a helical twisting power (HTP) of 13 μm−1 which, upon oxidation, drops to near zero, resulting in an unprecedently large redox‐tuning of the LC reflection color by up to 84 nm. Due to the straightforward stereoselective synthesis, FcD, and related chiral switches, are envisioned to be powerful building blocks for multi‐stimuli‐responsive molecular machines and in LC‐based materials.
Simultaneous Cycloadditions in the Solid State via Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Juneja Navkiran , George Gary C. , Hutchins Kristin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemical reactions conducted in the solid phase (specifically, crystalline) are much less numerous than solution reactions, primarily due to reduced motion, flexibility, and reactivity. The main advantage of crystalline‐state transformations is that reactant molecules can be designed to self‐assemble into specific spatial arrangements, often leading to high control over product regiochemistry and/or stereochemistry. In crystalline‐phase transformations, typically only one type of reaction occurs, and a sacrificial template molecule is frequently used to facilitate self‐assembly, similar to a catalyst or enzyme. Here, we demonstrate the first system designed to undergo two chemically unique and orthogonal cycloaddition reactions simultaneously within a single crystalline solid. Well‐controlled supramolecular self‐assembly of two molecules containing different reactive moieties affords orthogonal reactivity without use of a sacrificial template. Using only UV light, the simultaneous [2+2] and [4+4] cycloadditions are achieved regiospecifically, stereospecifically, and products are obtained in high yield, whereas a simultaneous solution‐state reaction affords a mixture of isomers in low yield. Application of dually‐reactive systems toward (supra)molecular solar thermal storage materials is also discussed. This work demonstrates fundamental chemical approaches for orthogonal reactivity in the crystalline state and highlights the complexity and reversibility that can be achieved with supramolecular design.
In situ formation of PE‐EPR core‐shell rubber particles in polypropylene matrix by melt blending: Effect of PE chain structure and viscosity
Authors: Bao Wei , Gao Yunbao , Zhang Jianing , Jin Jing , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao , Ji Xiangling , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwenty types of polyethylene (PE) including high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) with various viscosity were used to study the in‐situ formation of PE‐ ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) core‐shell rubber particles (CSRP) in polypropylene (PP) matrix by melt blending. The results show that PE and EPR cannot form CSRP if PE melt flow index (MFI) is lower than about 0.3 g/10 min. As a result, the impact fracture of PP/PE/EPR composite is brittle. If PE MFI is higher than 0.3 g/10 min, PE and EPR can form CSRP, leading to the ductile impact fracture of PP/PE/EPR composite. Interestingly, upper limit content of PE for the formation of CSRP depends on the type and viscosity of PE. For HDPE, upper limit content of PE tends to increase with the increase of its MFI, whereas it drops considerably for LLDPE. Understanding these relationships provides insights into optimizing the selection of core types and viscosity for enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer composites with core‐shell structure. This may potentially guide the development of cost‐effective and high‐performance polymer composites.
Comparative study on the characterization of chitosan mixed natural phenolic aldehyde edible films
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Chen Xiaomei , Huang Tingting , Tian Dongling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the reaction of six natural phenolic aldehydes, namely, ethyl vanillin (EV), syringaldehyde (SA), vanillin (VA), isovanillin (ISA), 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylbenzaldehyde (HDA), and p‐hydroxy benzaldehyde (PHDA), with chitosan produces Schiff bases of chitosan films. All the complex films were characterized through instrumental analysis. The findings suggested that the degrees of substitution of CS‐EV, CS‐SA, CS‐VA, CS‐ISA, CS‐HDA and CS‐PHDA were 73.48%, 42.22%, 58.04%, 51.52%, 40.89% and 45.23%, respectively. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis confirmed that natural phenolic aldehydes conjugated with chitosan through dynamic imine bonds. The tensile strength and water barrier properties of the films were significantly better than those of the chitosan film. Film thermal stability was altered as a result of the grafting of natural phenolic aldehydes on chitosan. According to the ABTS and DPPH data, the blended films showed better antioxidant packaging performance.
The effect of mesoporous bioglass on hemostatic, antibacterial and biocompatible properties of composite sponge
Authors: Wang Anping , Zou Yuhan , Du Wanqiu , Fang Qiuli , Zhang Zilong , Zhang Yin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHemostatic materials used in penetrating injuries or incompressible wounds must possess exceptional efficacy in preventing bleeding. In this study, mesoporous bioglass (MBG) was synthesized using a two‐step acid‐catalyzed self‐assembly method, and a novel hemostatic sponge (MBG/CH/GEL) was prepared by combining chitosan (CH), gelatin (GEL), and MBG using a freeze‐drying method. The characteristics and hemostatic effects of the MBG/CH/GEL composite hemostatic sponge were analyzed and evaluated. Research has shown that the high specific surface area of MBG (730 m2/g) provides more blood cell adhesion sites during hemostasis, resulting in a low hemolysis rate, favorable swelling rate, and porosity of the hemostatic sponge. Additionally, MBG can release Si4+ and Ca2+ ions during hemostasis, giving the composite hemostatic sponge excellent cell compatibility and promoting cell growth. Compared with commercially available gelatin hemostatic sponges, it cannot only quickly stop bleeding but also has a greater compressive strength (212.07 kPa) and adhesion strength (11.54 ± 0.16 kPa), making it suitable for use in hemostasis of incompressible wounds. Furthermore, the composite hemostatic sponge exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results indicate that the MBG/CH/GEL composite hemostatic sponge, which is a hemostatic material, has promising applications.
Effect of lignin and TiO2 on the structure and properties of PLA composites: Combine of simulation analysis and experimental results
Authors: Liu Man , Song Tong , Wu Xuan , Li Qian , Wang Shiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the foamed polylactic acid (PLA) composites with different ratios of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and lignin (Lg) are prepared. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicates that the fillers enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The optimal foaming temperatures for PLA/Lg and PLA/TiO2 composites are found to be 110 and 100°C, respectively. The supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process is applied to get the foamed composites, and their mechanical and thermal properties are analyzed. The results show that the addition of TiO2 improves the melting point and compression properties of the PLA composites. Furthermore, the inclusion of Lg increases the molecular chain mobility, foaming multiplicity, and compression strength of the composite materials.
The researcher's guide to selecting biomarkers in mental health studies
Authors: Verhoeven Josine E. , Wolkowitz Owen M. , Barr Satz Isaac , Conklin Quinn , Lamers Femke , Lavebratt Catharina , Lin Jue , Lindqvist Daniel , Mayer Stefanie E. , Melas Philippe A. , Milaneschi Yuri , Picard Martin , Rampersaud Ryan , Rasgon Natalie , Ridout Kathryn , Söderberg Veibäck Gustav , Trumpff Caroline , Tyrka Audrey R. , Watson Kathleen , Wu Gwyneth Winnie Y. , Yang Ruoting , Zannas Anthony S. , Han Laura K. M. , Månsson Kristoffer N. T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClinical mental health researchers may understandably struggle with how to incorporate biological assessments in clinical research. The options are numerous and are described in a vast and complex body of literature. Here we provide guidelines to assist mental health researchers seeking to include biological measures in their studies. Apart from a focus on behavioral outcomes as measured via interviews or questionnaires, we advocate for a focus on biological pathways in clinical trials and epidemiological studies that may help clarify pathophysiology and mechanisms of action, delineate biological subgroups of participants, mediate treatment effects, and inform personalized treatment strategies. With this paper we aim to bridge the gap between clinical and biological mental health research by (1) discussing the clinical relevance, measurement reliability, and feasibility of relevant peripheral biomarkers; (2) addressing five types of biological tissues, namely blood, saliva, urine, stool and hair; and (3) providing information on how to control sources of measurement variability.
Rhabdomyolysis following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Wenxuan , Cai Junqiang , Zhong Min 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe occurrences of rhabdomyolysis after endoscopic submucosal dissection surgery were rarely reported. This is a case involving rhabdomyolysis affecting the muscles of the left buttocks and left hip following a prolonged endoscopic submucosal surgery.
Steel solutions for a sustainable bridge infrastructure of today and tomorrow
Authors: Tibolt Mike , Ochojski Wojciech 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResponsible for 70% of the global CO2 emissions, infrastructure has a significant impact on our climate and the related consequences. Bridges are a major keystone of the infrastructure and take a leading position in its decarbonization. In this framework, low‐carbon emission steels play an important role. Low‐carbon emission steels, like ArcelorMittal's XCarb® recycled and renewably produced steels, are already available on the market. Combining scrap and renewable electricity, it offers very low levels of CO2 emissions per ton of finished steel. The present paper describes how different steel solutions can be combined to lower the material input, to simplify the construction process and to reduce the maintenance efforts in bridge construction. The impact of efficient design has been assessed by a Life‐Cycle Assessment (LCA) for bridge solutions with small and medium spans of up to 40 m. The paper concludes with a summary of recently realized bridge projects in Poland.
The new bridge “Lahnsteg Nauheim”, Wetzlar: slender, elegant, parametrically designed
Authors: Gatsko Roman , Méndez Milton 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper outlines the planning of a bridge in central Germany. Scheduled for construction in mid‐2024, this new bridge is a replacement for a century‐old pedestrian bridge crossing the Lahn river.The proposed bridge will be an airtight‐welded arch bridge, employing steel cross‐sections in both the arch and tension member. Designed as a single‐span, the arches extend 48.0m over the Lahn. The two arches have a flat rise of 4.65m, supporting the roadway through 9 inclined flat steel hangers.This paper delves into the structural engineering aspects, exploring challenges inherent in the design process. An examination of the parametric design process, facilitated through 3‐D modeling in Rhino® and Grasshopper®, will be presented, along with insights into their interface with the finite element modeling software, RFEM®. This process enables an engineering approach to form‐finding and structure optimisation through iterative design checks for various elements and stages of the structural analysis.
Parametric analysis of innovative corrugated profile of soil‐steel composite bridge
Authors: Bareikis Nerijus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComposite soil‐steel corrugated structures are well recognized and widely used for construction of culverts and pedestrian or animal crossings. Moreover, for the past decade corrugated soil‐steel structures because of their large span are also recognized and chosen for bridges and tunnels engineering. Record holder composite corrugated structure of 32.40 m span encourages new research in the development of innovations. This paper investigates innovative the deepest corrugation cross‐section strengthened with circular hollow section steel pipes influence on plate utilization of large span soil‐steel composite bridge. The numerical 2D model of 17.5 m span structure was developed for investigation. Parametric analysis indicated that introduction of circular pipes will reduce corrugated profile steel thickness because of reduction of buckling length of straight region of corrugation. Moreover, 3D numerical analysis of buckling shapes allowed to conclude that local buckling of the deepest corrugation of 500 × 237 mm could be controlled strengthening the plates with circular steel pipes.
Pedestrian bridge over the River Elbe in Hradec Králové
Authors: Harazim Petr , Vráblík Lukáš , Kábrt Libor , Elichová Gabriela , Elich Martin , Stržínek Viktor , Navarová Lucie , Keclík Jiří 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis contribution describes the architectural and structural solutions of a unique pedestrian footbridge in Hradec Králové. The new significant construction was built over the Elbe River in the pedestrian area. The bridge design was challenging for architects, planners even though contractors, especially due to accounting for the influence of shipping traffic. Completed structure has two asymmetrical spans, whereas the main span across the river is 69 m long. In the final static scheme, the structure forms a virtual Vierendeel truss of variable height. A slender UHPFRC bridge deck supported by a pair of cables through thin steel crossbars creates a delightful bridge, which has become a new symbol of the city.
Shui Su Ravine Bridge Design and its Steel Joint Fatigue Performance Evaluation
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Yang Xin , Liu Xuyao , Li Jiaqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShui Su Ravine Bridge is built in Bai Shui County in Shaanxi Province, which is a part of the highway linking Heyang and Tongchuan. The bridge has been designed as a composite steel‐concrete truss bridge with 3 spans in total of 240 meters and a deck of 4 lanes. To meet the harsh environmental demand and lessen the future maintenance, the solution adopts the weathering steel Q420qENH similar strength as S420NL in European code. The bridge is erected by incremental launching and post‐installation of the pre‐cast concrete slab. Since the truss segment is all welded, two‐step models have been developed to evaluate the fatigue performance of the steel truss joint. In the simplified two‐dimensional model, Phase‐Field (PF) approach has been implemented to make a full fatigue evaluation of crack propagation in the truss.
Reliability‐based Allowances of Corrosion Losses for Weathering Steel Bridges
Authors: Sykora Miroslav , Kreislova Katerina , Markova Jana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLow demands on maintenance and 100% recyclability cause the growing popularity of weathering steel bridges worldwide. Recent experimental results made it possible to derive generic probabilistic models describing long‐term corrosion losses for various types of weathering steels and exposures. In the contribution, these probabilistic models are applied in reliability assessment. For representative structural members and failure modes, the material allowances for the loss of thickness are derived to achieve a specified target reliability in exposures corresponding to Corrosivity Categories C2 and C3. Numerical analysis reveals that the allowances recommended by the ECCS guideline are generally conservative. For larger sections exposed in C2, a “no allowance” strategy might even be considered. For C3, design allowance of about 0.5‐0.6 mm is then determined by the probabilistic approach.
INCREASING FATIGUE LIFE OF NEW WELDED AND REPAIRED JOINTS BY HFMI TREATMENT
Authors: Štěpán Jakub , Ryjáček Pavel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a growing number of welded steel bridges in the world that are reaching the end of their design life. Repair of fatigue damage (cracks) or replacement with new modern designs is becoming an increasing issue. Fatigue damage is now one of the main design and construction risks associated with the construction of new dynamically stressed steel structures. Fatigue damage is now one of the main design and engineering risks associated with the construction of new dynamically stressed steel structures. Increasing fatigue life can be achieved by HFMI treatment that can be applied to new weld as well as existing welded joints. This paper presents the results of experiments focused on HFMI treatment to new and repaired butt welds of higher thicknesses.
Peanut response to single and sequential applications of prohexadione calcium
Authors: Jordan David L. , Johnson P. Dewayne , Hare Andrew , Foote Ethan , Wells Randy , Balota Maria , Barrow Billy , Grimes Lance , Ellison Craig , King Della , Parker Zachary , Brake Michael , Deal Stephen , Stevens Brian , Corbett Tommy , Lanier Ivy , Ransom Lloyd 
Published: September 2024

Plain Language SummaryExcessive vine growth can reduce the ability to dig peanut pods and invert peanut vines in an efficient manner. Prohexadione calcium applied when 50% of vines from adjacent rows are touching can minimize vine growth, reduce pod loss, and in some cases increase peanut yield. Research is often conducted in relatively small plots (harvesting two rows with a 91‐inch spacing by 30‐ft length) or in larger plots (harvesting at least 0.05 acres) to determine efficacy of this plant growth regulator. When treatments were compared in small plots, yield in 15 experiments did not differ when one or two applications were made including a non‐treated control. However, in nine experiments with large plots, pod yield increased when one or two sprays of prohexadione calcium were made compared with non‐treated peanut. Results from these experiments indicate that measuring a response to prohexadione calcium may depend on plot size, with larger plots demonstrating positive benefits.
High‐risks drug adverse events associated with Cetirizine and Loratadine for the treatment of allergic diseases: A retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Kong Weili , Dong Yijun , Yi Sixi , Mo Wei , Yang Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCetirizine and Loratadine are the two best‐selling second‐generation antihistamines for allergic diseases. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of the differences in adverse drug events (ADEs) between these two medications, which can assist clinicians in making appropriate treatment decisions.MethodsADE reports related to Cetirizine and Loratadine obtained from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database were analyzed using disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis to evaluate and compare the ADE signals of both drugs.ResultsA total of 28,051 and 28,073 ADE reports were retrieved from the FAERS database related to Cetirizine and Loratadine, respectively, with both drugs showing a predominance of middle‐aged females. Specifically, Loratadine was associated with respiratory symptoms, mainly nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea (n = 326, ROR 6.75), sneezing (n = 251, ROR 15.24), and nasal congestion (n = 185, ROR 4.25), while Cetirizine did not show this association. Notably, both drugs exhibited strong signals for somnolence in the nervous and psychiatric systems, especially Cetirizine (Cetirizine, n = 2556, ROR 10.52 vs. Loratadine, n = 1200, ROR 7.76). Additionally, Cetirizine itself showed strong signals for attention disturbance (n = 233, ROR 3.3), while Loratadine was associated with nervousness (n = 145, ROR 3.3). Further exploration revealed more severe adverse reactions closely associated with Cetirizine, including hallucinations, aggression, and abnormal behavior. Importantly, Cetirizine was significantly associated with the occurrence of pericarditis (n = 138, ROR 8.13), potentially leading to serious adverse consequences.ConclusionCompared to Loratadine, Cetirizine poses a greater potential risk in the nervous and psychiatric systems. Additionally, this study reveals previously underestimated potential cardiac toxicity of Cetirizine; albeit at a relatively low incidence rate, the high signal intensity warrants further attention and exploration. These findings highlight the need for enhanced patient monitoring and therapy optimization when prescribing these medications, ensuring better management of allergic diseases while minimizing risks.