bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of the Rayleigh equation for enantioselective metabolism of chiral xenobiotics by microsomes, hepatocytes and in-vivo retention in rabbit tissues
Authors: Jammer Shifra , Gelman Faina , Lev Ovadia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study we propose a new approach for analyzing the enantioselective biodegradation of some antidepressant drugs mediated by human and rat liver microsomes by using the Rayleigh equation to describe the enantiomeric enrichment−conversion dependencies. Analysis of reported degradation data of additional six pesticides, an alpha blocker and a flame retardant by microsomes or hepatocytes in vitro reaffirmed the universality of the approach. In all the in vitro studied cases that involved enantioselective degradation, a Rayleigh dependence of the enantiomeric enrichment was observed. Published data regarding in vivo retention of myclobutanil in liver, kidney, muscle and brain tissues of rabbits following injection of the racemate were remodeled showing prevalence of the Rayleigh law for the chiral enrichment of the fungicide in the various tissues. This approach will revolutionize data organization in metabolic pathway research of target xenobiotics by either liver microsomes, hepatocytes or their organ-specific in vivo retention. The fact that the enantiomeric enrichment as a function of the conversion can be described by a single quantifier, will pave the road for the use of structure activity predictors of the enantiomeric enrichment and for mechanistic discrimination based on parametric dependence of the quantifier.
A Controlled Design of Aligned and Random Nanofibers for 3D Bi-functionalized Nerve Conduits Fabricated via a Novel Electrospinning Set-up
Authors: Kim Jeong In , Hwang Tae In , Aguilar Ludwig Erik , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractScaffolds made of aligned nanofibers are favorable for nerve regeneration due to their superior nerve cell attachment and proliferation. However, it is challenging not only to produce a neat mat or a conduit form with aligned nanofibers but also to use these for surgical applications as a nerve guide conduit due to their insufficient mechanical strength. Furthermore, no studies have been reported on the fabrication of aligned nanofibers and randomly-oriented nanofibers on the same mat. In this study, we have successfully produced a mat with both aligned and randomly-oriented nanofibers by using a novel electrospinning set up. A new conduit with a highly-aligned electrospun mat is produced with this modified electrospinning method, and this proposed conduit with favorable features, such as selective permeability, hydrophilicity and nerve growth directional steering, were fabricated as nerve guide conduits (NGCs). The inner surface of the nerve conduit is covered with highly aligned electrospun nanofibers and is able to enhance the proliferation of neural cells. The central part of the tube is double-coated with randomly-oriented nanofibers over the aligned nanofibers, strengthening the weak mechanical strength of the aligned nanofibers.
Human DNA polymerase α in binary complex with a DNA:DNA template-primer
Authors: Coloma Javier , Johnson Robert E. , Prakash Louise , Prakash Satya , Aggarwal Aneel K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Polα/primase complex assembles the short RNA-DNA fragments for priming of lagging and leading strand DNA replication in eukaryotes. As such, the Polα polymerase subunit encounters two types of substrates during primer synthesis: an RNA:DNA helix and a DNA:DNA helix. The engagement of the polymerase subunit with the DNA:DNA helix has been suggested as the of basis for primer termination in eukaryotes. However, there is no structural information on how the Polα polymerase subunit actually engages with a DNA:DNA helix during primer synthesis. We present here the first crystal structure of human Polα polymerase subunit in complex with a DNA:DNA helix. Unexpectedly, we find that portion of the DNA:DNA helix in contact with the polymerase is not in a B-form but in a hybrid A-B form. Almost all of the contacts observed previously with an RNA primer are preserved with a DNA primer – with the same set of polymerase residues tracking the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA or RNA primer. Thus, rather than loss of specific contacts, the free energy cost of distorting DNA from B- to hybrid A-B form may augur the termination of primer synthesis in eukaryotes.
Coding accuracy on the psychophysical scale
Authors: Kostal Lubomir , Lansky Petr 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSensory neurons are often reported to adjust their coding accuracy to the stimulus statistics. The observed match is not always perfect and the maximal accuracy does not align with the most frequent stimuli. As an alternative to a physiological explanation we show that the match critically depends on the chosen stimulus measurement scale. More generally, we argue that if we measure the stimulus intensity on the scale which is proportional to the perception intensity, an improved adjustment in the coding accuracy is revealed. The unique feature of stimulus units based on the psychophysical scale is that the coding accuracy can be meaningfully compared for different stimuli intensities, unlike in the standard case of a metric scale.
CADM1 inhibits squamous cell carcinoma progression by reducing STAT3 activity
Authors: Vallath Sabari , Sage Elizabeth K. , Kolluri Krishna K. , Lourenco Sofia N. , Teixeira Vitor S. , Chimalapati Suneeta , George P. Jeremy , Janes Sam M. , Giangreco Adam 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) of the lungs, head and neck, oesophagus and cervix account for up to 30% of cancer deaths, the mechanisms that regulate disease progression remain incompletely understood. Here, we use gene transduction and human tumor xenograft assays to establish that the tumour suppressor Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) inhibits SqCC proliferation and invasion, processes fundamental to disease progression. We determine that the extracellular domain of CADM1 mediates these effects by forming a complex with HER2 and integrin α6β4 at the cell surface that disrupts downstream STAT3 activity. We subsequently show that treating CADM1 null tumours with the JAK/STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib mimics CADM1 gene restoration in preventing SqCC growth and metastases. Overall, this study identifies a novel mechanism by which CADM1 prevents SqCC progression and suggests that screening tumours for loss of CADM1 expression will help identify those patients most likely to benefit from JAK/STAT targeted chemotherapies.
The effects of maternal anxiety during pregnancy on IGF2/H19 methylation in cord blood
Authors: Mansell T , Novakovic B , Meyer B , Rzehak P , Vuillermin P , Ponsonby A-L , Collier F , Burgner D , Saffery R , Ryan J ,   BIS investigator team, Vuillermin Peter , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Carlin John B , Allen Katie J , Tang Mimi L , Saffery Richard , Ranganathan Sarath , Burgner David , Dwyer Terry , Jachno Kim , Sly Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCompelling evidence suggests that maternal mental health in pregnancy can influence fetal development. The imprinted genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19, are involved in fetal growth and each is regulated by DNA methylation. This study aimed to determine the association between maternal mental well-being during pregnancy and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of IGF2 (DMR0) and the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) in newborn offspring. Maternal depression, anxiety and perceived stress were assessed at 28 weeks of pregnancy in the Barwon Infant Study (n=576). DNA methylation was measured in purified cord blood mononuclear cells using the Sequenom MassArray Platform. Maternal anxiety was associated with a decrease in average ICR methylation (Δ=−2.23%; 95% CI=−3.68 to −0.77%), and across all six of the individual CpG units in anxious compared with non-anxious groups. Birth weight and sex modified the association between prenatal anxiety and infant methylation. When stratified into lower (⩽3530 g) and higher (>3530 g) birth weight groups using the median birth weight, there was a stronger association between anxiety and ICR methylation in the lower birth weight group (Δ=−3.89%; 95% CI=−6.06 to −1.72%), with no association in the higher birth weight group. When stratified by infant sex, there was a stronger association in female infants (Δ=−3.70%; 95% CI=−5.90 to −1.51%) and no association in males. All the linear regression models were adjusted for maternal age, smoking and folate intake. These findings show that maternal anxiety in pregnancy is associated with decreased IGF2/H19 ICR DNA methylation in progeny at birth, particularly in female, low birth weight neonates. ICR methylation may help link poor maternal mental health and adverse birth outcomes, but further investigation is needed.
Genome-wide association study of lifetime cannabis use based on a large meta-analytic sample of 32 330 subjects from the International Cannabis Consortium
Authors: Stringer S , Minică C C , Verweij K J H , Mbarek H , Bernard M , Derringer J , van Eijk K R , Isen J D , Loukola A , Maciejewski D F , Mihailov E , van der Most P J , Sánchez-Mora C , Roos L , Sherva R , Walters R , Ware J J , Abdellaoui A , Bigdeli T B , Branje S J T , Brown S A , Bruinenberg M , Casas M , Esko T , Garcia-Martinez I , Gordon S D , Harris J M , Hartman C A , Henders A K , Heath A C , Hickie I B , Hickman M , Hopfer C J , Hottenga J J , Huizink A C , Irons D E , Kahn R S , Korhonen T , Kranzler H R , Krauter K , van Lier P A C , Lubke G H , Madden P A F , Mägi R , McGue M K , Medland S E , Meeus W H J , Miller M B , Montgomery G W , Nivard M G , Nolte I M , Oldehinkel A J , Pausova Z , Qaiser B , Quaye L , Ramos-Quiroga J A , Richarte V , Rose R J , Shin J , Stallings M C , Stiby A I , Wall T L , Wright M J , Koot H M , Paus T , Hewitt J K , Ribasés M , Kaprio J , Boks M P , Snieder H , Spector T , Munafò M R , Metspalu A , Gelernter J , Boomsma D I , Iacono W G , Martin N G , Gillespie N A , Derks E M , Vink J M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCannabis is the most widely produced and consumed illicit psychoactive substance worldwide. Occasional cannabis use can progress to frequent use, abuse and dependence with all known adverse physical, psychological and social consequences. Individual differences in cannabis initiation are heritable (40–48%). The International Cannabis Consortium was established with the aim to identify genetic risk variants of cannabis use. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of 13 cohorts (N=32 330) and four replication samples (N=5627). In addition, we performed a gene-based test of association, estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and explored the genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and cigarette use using LD score regression. No individual SNPs reached genome-wide significance. Nonetheless, gene-based tests identified four genes significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use:NCAM1,CADM2,SCOCandKCNT2. Previous studies reported associations ofNCAM1with cigarette smoking and other substance use, and those ofCADM2with body mass index, processing speed and autism disorders, which are phenotypes previously reported to be associated with cannabis use. Furthermore, we showed that, combined across the genome, all common SNPs explained 13–20% (P<0.001) of the liability of lifetime cannabis use. Finally, there was a strong genetic correlation (rg=0.83;P=1.85 × 10−8) between lifetime cannabis use and lifetime cigarette smoking implying that the SNP effect sizes of the two traits are highly correlated. This is the largest meta-analysis of cannabis GWA studies to date, revealing important new insights into the genetic pathways of lifetime cannabis use. Future functional studies should explore the impact of the identified genes on the biological mechanisms of cannabis use.
New insights into the structure, assembly and biological roles of 10–12 nm connective tissue microfibrils from fibrillin-1 studies
Authors: Jensen Sacha A. , Handford Penny A. 
Published: March 2016

The 10–12 nm diameter microfibrils of the extracellular matrix (ECM) impart both structural and regulatory properties to load-bearing connective tissues. The main protein component is the calcium-dependent glycoprotein fibrillin, which assembles into microfibrils at the cell surface in a highly regulated process involving specific proteolysis, multimerization and glycosaminoglycan interactions. In higher metazoans, microfibrils act as a framework for elastin deposition and modification, resulting in the formation of elastic fibres, but they can also occur in elastin-free tissues where they perform structural roles. Fibrillin microfibrils are further engaged in a number of cell matrix interactions such as with integrins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and the large latent complex of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) mutations are associated with a range of heritable connective disorders, including Marfan syndrome (MFS) and the acromelic dysplasias, suggesting that the roles of 10–12 nm diameter microfibrils are pleiotropic. In recent years the use of molecular, cellular and whole-organism studies has revealed that the microfibril is not just a structural component of the ECM, but through its network of cell and matrix interactions it can exert profound regulatory effects on cell function. In this review we assess what is known about the molecular properties of fibrillin that enable it to assemble into the 10–12 nm diameter microfibril and perform such diverse roles.
Discovering governing equations from data by sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Brunton Steven L. , Proctor Joshua L. , Kutz J. Nathan 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceUnderstanding dynamic constraints and balances in nature has facilitated rapid development of knowledge and enabled technology, including aircraft, combustion engines, satellites, and electrical power. This work develops a novel framework to discover governing equations underlying a dynamical system simply from data measurements, leveraging advances in sparsity techniques and machine learning. The resulting models are parsimonious, balancing model complexity with descriptive ability while avoiding overfitting. There are many critical data-driven problems, such as understanding cognition from neural recordings, inferring climate patterns, determining stability of financial markets, predicting and suppressing the spread of disease, and controlling turbulence for greener transportation and energy. With abundant data and elusive laws, data-driven discovery of dynamics will continue to play an important role in these efforts.
Testing theories of financial decision making
Authors: Chambers Christopher P. , Echenique Federico , Saito Kota 
Published: March 2016

Significance
This paper uncovers the empirical content of many behavioral models of decisions under uncertainty. Studies of global financial markets often ignore a very important piece of the puzzle: individual behavior. We provide tests (and as such, predictions) about how individuals behave when facing uncertainty, such as that faced in financial or asset markets. Behavior at the individual level must be understood before the behavior of the economy at large can even begin to be understood.
Differential and enhanced response to climate forcing in diarrheal disease due to rotavirus across a megacity of the developing world
Authors: Martinez Pamela P. , King Aaron A. , Yunus Mohammad , Faruque A. S. G. , Pascual Mercedes 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhea among infants and children worldwide, and is still responsible for over 400,000 deaths per year, affecting mainly developing countries. This study investigates its transmission dynamics and their response to climate forcing, specifically flooding, in the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh, with an extensive surveillance record that spans over two decades and is spatially resolved. With a transmission model informed by these data, we show that consideration of different parts of the city, core and periphery, is critical to uncover important differences in seasonal outbreaks and in the effect of the monsoons. Infectious diseases not typically considered climate-sensitive can become so under demographic and environmental conditions of large urban centers of the developing world.
Hunted gazelles evidence cooling, but not drying, during the Younger Dryas in the southern Levant
Authors: Hartman Gideon , Bar-Yosef Ofer , Brittingham Alex , Grosman Leore , Munro Natalie D. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The Terminal Pleistocene Younger Dryas (YD) event is frequently described as a return to glacial conditions. In the southern Levant it has featured prominently in explanations for the transition to agriculture—one of the most significant transformations in human history. This study provides rare local measures of the YD by deriving gazelle isotopic values from archaeological deposits formed by Natufian hunters just prior to and during the YD. The results provide evidence for cooling, but not drying during the YD and help reconcile contradicting climatic reconstructions in the southern Levant. We suggest that cooler conditions likely instigated the establishment of settlements in the Jordan Valley where warmer, more stable conditions enabled higher cereal biomass productivity and ultimately, the transition to agriculture.
Sustained eruptions on Enceladus explained by turbulent dissipation in tiger stripes
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Rubin Allan M. 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceEruptions on the ice moon Enceladus provide access to materials from Enceladus’ ocean. The mechanism that drives and sustains the eruptions is unclear, and it is also not known what sets the rate of volcanism. We found that a simple model in which the erupting fissures are underlain by slots that connect the surface to the ocean can explain the observations. In the model, the slots are mostly filled with water, and Saturn tides drive turbulent water flow in the slots whose dissipation produces enough heat to keep slots open. In turn, long-lived water-filled slots drive a volcano-tectonic feedback that buffers the rate of volcanism to approximately the observed value. Our results suggest that the ocean–surface connection on Enceladus may be sustained on million-year timescales.
Stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticles for improved tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Li Hong-Jun , Du Jin-Zhi , Du Xiao-Jiao , Xu Cong-Fei , Sun Chun-Yang , Wang Hong-Xia , Cao Zhi-Ting , Yang Xian-Zhu , Zhu Yan-Hua , Nie Shuming , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Successively overcoming a series of biological barriers that cancer nanotherapeutics would encounter upon intravenous administration is required for achieving positive treatment outcomes. A hurdle to this goal is the inherently unfavorable tumor penetration of nanoparticles due to their relatively large sizes. We developed a stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticle (iCluster) and justified that its adaptive alterations of physicochemical properties (e.g. size, zeta potential, and drug release rate) in accordance with the endogenous stimuli of the tumor microenvironment made possible the ultimate overcoming of these barriers, especially the bottleneck of tumor penetration. Results in varying intractable tumor models demonstrated significantly improved antitumor efficacy of iCluster than its control groups, demonstrating that overcoming these delivery barriers can be achieved by innovative nanoparticle design.
Engineering titania nanostructure to tune and improve its photocatalytic activity
Authors: Cargnello Matteo , Montini Tiziano , Smolin Sergey Y. , Priebe Jacqueline B. , Delgado Jaén Juan J. , Doan-Nguyen Vicky V. T. , McKay Ian S. , Schwalbe Jay A. , Pohl Marga-Martina , Gordon Thomas R. , Lu Yupeng , Baxter Jason B. , Brückner Angelika , Fornasiero Paolo , Murray Christopher B. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
This work shows that hole−electron recombination can be controlled by engineering the length of brookite nanorods, and that a variety of organic substrates can be efficiently oxidized as the counterreaction to hydrogen evolution. Both are important steps to developing photocatalysis as a sustainable technology. Electron−hole recombination is a major fundamental limitation in any photocatalytic process. By controlling and reducing it with rod length, we can increase the efficiency of photocatalyzed processes. Also, by utilizing demanding substrates in aqueous media, ethanol, glucose, and glycerol, we make a step toward the photoreforming of more plentiful feedstocks such as, or derived from, biomass.
Paclitaxel-induced epithelial damage and ectopic MMP-13 expression promotes neurotoxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Lisse Thomas S. , Elias Leah J. , Pellegrini Adriana D. , Martin Paige B. , Spaulding Emily L. , Lopes Olivia , Brochu Elizabeth A. , Carter Erin V. , Waldron Ashley , Rieger Sandra 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. Although paclitaxel arrests tumor growth through stabilizing microtubules, it also causes variable peripheral neuropathy in patients. A lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms hinders therapeutic discovery, and commonly used mammalian models have not provided conclusive evidence about the etiology of this condition. To overcome this, we developed a larval zebrafish model that permits the analysis of paclitaxel neurotoxicity in living animals. This study identifies that keratinocyte damage and ectopic expression of matrix-metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) contributes to paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in zebrafish. We further show that inhibition of MMP-13 improves skin defects and prevents paclitaxel neurotoxicity. Thus, this study offers a previously unidentified avenue for potential therapeutic interventions.
The Phytophthora mating hormone α2 is an antagonist of the counterhormone α1
Authors: Zhang Li , Yajima Arata , Ojika Makoto 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The crop destroyer Phytophthora uses mating hormones α1 and α2 to commence its sexual reproduction. The α1-induced sexual reproduction of the A2 mating type was unexpectedly found to be interfered with by the counterhormone α2 that the A2 type itself produces to induce the sexual reproduction of the A1 type. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on structure–activity relationships.
Report on supplementary comparison COOMET.PR-S3: refractive index
Authors: Vishnyakov G N , Fricke A , Parkhomenko N M , Hori Y , Pisani M 
Published: March 2016

The Supplementary Comparison COOMET.PR-S3 was carried out to ensure the correctness and comparability of refractive index of solid transparent materials in visible spectral range measured by the participants of the comparison within the uncertainties claimed for their measuring facility. COOMET.PR-S3 was conducted within the Regional Metrology Organization (RMO) "Euro-Asian Cooperation of National Metrological Institutions" known as COOMET, and has the RMO project number of 438/RU/08.
The Comparison was piloted by the All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI). Five NMIs from three RMOs (COOMET, EURAMET and APMP) participated in the comparison.
This report describes the measurement results of three prismatic samples made of different types of glass. Three participants, VNIIOFI, PTB and Ukrmetrteststandart have made measurements of the refractive index at the wavelengths of 480 nm, 509 nm, 546 nm, 589.3 nm, 644 nm, and three participants, VNIIOFI, INRiM and AIST at the wavelength of 632.8 nm.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).