bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide Association Study of Clinical Features in the Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Confirmation of Polygenic Effect on Negative Symptoms
Authors: Bigdeli Tim B. , Peterson Roseann E. , Ripke Stephan , Bacanu Silviu-Alin , Amdur Richard L. , Gejman Pablo V. , Levinson Douglas F. , Riley Brien P. , Clair David St. , Rietschel Marcella , Walters James T.R. , Ophoff Roel A. , McQuillin Andrew , Gurling Hugh , Rujescu Dan , Sullivan Patrick F. , Kirov George , Pato Michele T. , Pato Carlos N. , Andreassen Ole A. , Owen Michael J. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Corvin Aiden , Malhotra Anil K , Mowry Bryan J. , Esko Tõnu , Werge Thomas , Kendler Kenneth S. ,   Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Fanous Ayman H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. Proposed revisions inDSM - 5included dimensional measurement of different symptom domains. We sought to identify common genetic variants influencing these dimensions, and confirm a previous association between polygenic risk of schizophrenia and the severity of negative symptoms. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium study of schizophrenia comprised 8,432 cases of European ancestry with available clinical phenotype data. Symptoms averaged over the course of illness were assessed using theOPCRIT, PANSS, LDPS, SCAN, SCID, and CASH. Factor analyses of each constituentPGCstudy identified positive, negative, manic, and depressive symptom dimensions. We examined the relationship between the resultant symptom dimensions and aggregate polygenic risk scores indexing risk of schizophrenia. We performed genome - wide association study (GWAS) of each quantitative traits using linear regression and adjusting for significant effects of sex and ancestry. The negative symptom factor was significantly associated with polygene risk scores for schizophrenia, confirming a previous, suggestive finding by our group in a smaller sample, though explaining only a small fraction of the variance. In subsequentGWAS, we observed the strongest evidence of association for the positive and negative symptom factors, withSNPsinRFX8on 2q11.2 (P = 6.27×10-8) and upstream ofWDR72 / UNC13Con 15q21.3 (P= 7.59×10-8), respectively. We report evidence of association of novel modifier loci for schizophrenia, though no single locus attained established genome - wide significance criteria. As this may have been due to insufficient statistical power, follow - up in additional samples is warranted. Importantly, we replicated our previous finding that polygenic risk explains at least some of the variance in negative symptoms, a core illness dimension.
Ecological suicide in microbes
Authors: Ratzke Christoph , Denk Jonas , Gore Jeff 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe growth and survival of organisms often depend on interactions between them. In many cases, these interactions are positive and caused by a cooperative modification of the environment, such as the cooperative breakdown of complex nutrients in microbes [1]–[3] or the construction of elaborate architectures in social insects [4]. However, organisms can similarly display negative interactions by changing the environment in ways that are detrimental for them, eg by resource depletion or the production of toxic byproducts [5]. Here we find an extreme type of negative interactions, in which bacteria modify the environmental pH to such a degree that it leads to a rapid extinction of the whole population, a phenomenon we call ecological suicide. Modification of the pH is more pronounced at higher population densities, and thus ecological suicide is more likely with increasing bacterial density. Correspondingly, promoting bacterial growth can drive populations extinct whereas inhibiting bacterial growth by the addition of harmful substances – like antibiotics – can rescue them. Moreover, ecological suicide can cause oscillatory dynamics, even in single-species populations. We find ecological suicide in a wide variety of microbes, suggesting that it could play a significant role in microbial ecology and evolution.
Is methodology destiny? Religiosity and charitable giving
Authors: Li Yan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether people who engage in religious activities are more generous in terms of both religious and secular giving.

Design/methodology/approach
Bivariate probit (BVP) and bivariate tobit (BVT) analyses show that religious people have a greater propensity to give and higher levels of giving to both religious and secular charitable organizations. The bivariate systems permit a test of the correlation across the different giving decisions, and the correlation between religious and secular giving is found to be highly significant.

Findings
Religiosity positively influences both religious and secular donations. After controlling for this correlation, the impacts of religiosity on religious and secular giving are more efficient estimates but smaller than expected.

Originality/value
As a result of these methodological shortcomings, the causal relationship between religiosity and charitable giving is far from clear. To overcome those problems, this study uses BVP and BVT models to control for the potential correlation between religious giving and secular giving by the same individual and then draws appropriate interpretations. This study adds a firmer theoretical foundation to the existing literature.
Applying critical realism in spirituality at work research
Authors: McGhee Peter , Grant Patricia 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This study aims to demonstrate how critical realism (CR) can be used in spirituality at work (SAW) research and to provide a practical example of CR in SAW research.

Design/methodology/approach
CR is a philosophical meta-theory that allows the stratification of spirituality into different levels of reality, advocates for research methods matching the ontology of the level investigated and provides complementary methods of exploring this phenomenon’s causal power in social contexts. The authors present a study where CR was used to explain how and why SAW influences ethics in organisational contexts.

Findings
The results demonstrate that CR provides a useful approach to bridging the positivist-interpretivist difference in SAW research. Moreover, a CR approach helped explain the underlying conditions and causal mechanisms that power SAW to influence ethical decision-making and behaviour in the workplace.

Originality/value
While CR has been applied in the management literature, negligible SAW research has used this approach. That which exists is either conceptual or does not discuss methods of data analysis, or describe how critical realist concepts resulted in their findings. This paper addresses that lacuna. CR also provides value, as an alternative approach to SAW research, in that it allows the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods as complementary, not confrontational methods while providing a more integrated and deeper view of SAW and its effects.
A study of emergent organizing and technological affordances after a natural disaster
Authors: Lai Chih-Hui 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Drawing on the model of technology-in-practice and the literature on bona fide approaches and technological affordances, the purpose of this paper is to argue that collectives involved in emergency response may exhibit similar and different usage patterns for technology due to the combined influence of the temporal development of the response actions and the existing and newly enacted organizational, social, and technological structures.

Design/methodology/approach
To enrich the argument about the inter-related influence on response organizations’ use of technology across phases of the disaster response, this research uses a multi-method and longitudinal case study of citizen-based response organizations after Hurricane Sandy.

Findings
Findings show that technologies were used similarly by response organizations immediately after the hurricane, whereas the later use of technologies exhibited variations. Moreover, Twitter was used consistently for diverse purposes across the phases of the disaster response, whereas Facebook usage among organizations first diverged and then converged two months after the hurricane. The organizations’ different patterns of social media use also reflected the construction and reconstruction of resource networks for relief operations over time.

Research limitations/implications
This study integrates multiple theoretical frameworks in explaining the processes and outcomes of technology use for collectives in emergency response, which presents an example of bridging and enriching the theoretical constructs from the areas of technology adaptation and emergency management.

Practical implications
Findings of this study provide practical knowledge about the mechanisms of integrating multiple information systems into the building of resilient social systems for emergency response.

Social implications
Findings of this study enrich social understanding about how the use of technologies for collective activity in emergency situations can go beyond one-time events and lay the foundation for long-term resilient emergency management.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in its mixed-method and longitudinal design, which allows for the examination of the timing, circumstances, and outcomes of citizen-based response organizations’ technology use.
Concurrent deposition path planning and structural topology optimization for additive manufacturing
Authors: Liu Jikai , Yu Huangchao 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Structural performance of additively manufactured parts is deposition path-dependent because of the induced material anisotropy. Hence, this paper aims to contribute a novel idea of concurrently performing the deposition path planning and the structural topology optimization for additively manufactured parts.

Design/methodology/approach
The concurrent process is performed under a unified level set framework that: the deposition paths are calculated by extracting the iso-value level set contours, and the induced anisotropic material properties are accounted for by the level set topology optimization algorithm. In addition, the fixed-geometry deposition path optimization problem is studied. It is challenging because updating the zero-value level set contour cannot effectively achieve the global orientation control. To fix this problem, a level set-based multi-step method is proposed, and it is proved to be effective.

Findings
The proposed concurrent design method has been successfully applied to designing additively manufactured parts. The majority of the planned deposition paths well match the principle stress direction, which, to the largest extent, enhances the structural performance. For the fixed geometry problems, fast and smooth convergences have been observed.

Originality/value
The concurrent deposition path planning and structural topology optimization method is, for the first time, developed and effectively implemented. The fixed-geometry deposition path optimization problem is solved through a novel level set-based multi-step method.
Multi-objective optimization of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and hardness of hybrid investment cast components
Authors: Garg Parlad Kumar , Singh Rupinder , Ahuja IPS 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to optimize the process parameters to obtain the best dimensional accuracy, surface finish and hardness of the castings produced by using fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based patterns in investment casting (IC).

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, hip implants have been prepared by using plastic patterns in IC process. Taguchi design of experiments has been used to study the effect of six different input process parameters on the dimensional deviation, surface roughness and hardness of the implants. Analysis of variance has been used to find the effect of each input factor on the output. Multi-objective optimization has been done to find the combined best values of output.

Findings
The results proved that the FDM patterns can be used successfully in IC. A wax coating on the FDM patterns improves the surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The improved dimensional accuracy, surface finish and hardness have been achieved simultaneously through multi-objective optimization.

Research limitations/implications
A thin layer of wax is used on the plastic patterns. The effect of thickness of the layer has not been considered. Further research is needed to study the effect of the thickness of the wax layer.

Practical implications
The results obtained by the study would be helpful in making decisions regarding machining and/or coating on the parts produced by this process.

Originality/value
In this paper, multi-objective optimization of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and hardness of hybrid investment cast components has been performed.
Deposition-induced effects of isotactic polypropylene and polycarbonate composites during fused deposition modeling
Authors: Zhou Ying-Guo , Su Bei , Turng Lih-sheng 
Published: July 2017

PurposeAlthough the feasibility and effectiveness of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method have been proposed and developed, studies of applying this technology to various materials are still needed for researching its applicability, especially with regard to polymer blends and composites. The purpose of this paper is to study the deposition-induced effect and the effect of compatibilizers on the mechanical properties of polypropylene and polycarbonate (PP/PC) composites.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, three different deposition modes for PP/PC composites with or without compatibilizers were used for the FDM method and tested for tensile properties. Also, parts with the same materials were made by injection molding and used for comparison. In addition, different deposition speeds were used to investigate the different deposition-induced effects. Furthermore, the behavior of the mechanical properties was clarified with scanning electron microscope images of the fracture surfaces.FindingsThe research results suggest that the deposition orientation has a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of PP/PC composite FDM parts. The results also indicate that there is a close relationship between the mechanical properties and morphological structures which are deeply influenced by compatibilization. Compared with injection molded parts, the ductility of the FDM parts can be dramatically improved due to the formation of fibrils and micro-fibrils by the deposition induced during processing.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to investigate a PP/PC composite FDM process. The results of this paper verified the applicability of PP/PC composites to FDM technology. It is also the first time that the deposition-induced effect during FDM has been investigated and studied.
Semantic fluency in deaf children who use spoken and signed language in comparison with hearing peers
Authors: Marshall C. R. , Jones A. , Fastelli A. , Atkinson J. , Botting N. , Morgan G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDeafness has an adverse impact on children's ability to acquire spoken languages. Signed languages offer a more accessible input for deaf children, but because the vast majority are born to hearing parents who do not sign, their early exposure to sign language is limited. Deaf children as a whole are therefore at high risk of language delays.AimsWe compared deaf and hearing children's performance on a semantic fluency task. Optimal performance on this task requires a systematic search of the mental lexicon, the retrieval of words within a subcategory and, when that subcategory is exhausted, switching to a new subcategory. We compared retrieval patterns between groups, and also compared the responses of deaf children who used British Sign Language (BSL) with those who used spoken English. We investigated how semantic fluency performance related to children's expressive vocabulary and executive function skills, and also retested semantic fluency in the majority of the children nearly 2 years later, in order to investigate how much progress they had made in that time.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were deaf children aged 6–11 years (N = 106, comprising 69 users of spoken English, 29 users of BSL and eight users of Sign Supported English—SSE) compared with hearing children (N = 120) of the same age who used spoken English. Semantic fluency was tested for the category ‘animals’. We coded for errors, clusters (e.g., ‘pets’, ‘farm animals’) and switches. Participants also completed the Expressive One‐Word Picture Vocabulary Test and a battery of six non‐verbal executive function tasks. In addition, we collected follow‐up semantic fluency data for 70 deaf and 74 hearing children, nearly 2 years after they were first tested.Outcomes & ResultsDeaf children, whether using spoken or signed language, produced fewer items in the semantic fluency task than hearing children, but they showed similar patterns of responses for items most commonly produced, clustering of items into subcategories and switching between subcategories. Both vocabulary and executive function scores predicted the number of correct items produced. Follow‐up data from deaf participants showed continuing delays relative to hearing children 2 years later.Conclusions & ImplicationsWe conclude that semantic fluency can be used experimentally to investigate lexical organization in deaf children, and that it potentially has clinical utility across the heterogeneous deaf population. We present normative data to aid clinicians who wish to use this task with deaf children.
Becoming literate in Chinese: a comparison of native‐speaking and non‐native‐speaking children
Authors: Wang Ying , McBride Catherine , Zhou Yanling , Malatesha Joshi R. , Farver Jo Ann M. 
Published: July 2017

How do native Chinese‐speaking (CS) and non‐Chinese‐speaking (NCS) children learn to read and write in Chinese? In the present study, 29 CS and 34 NCS second and third graders aged 76 to 122 months (M = 93.65) participated in an experiment where they were taught 16 new Chinese characters in one of four conditions – copy, radical, phonological and look–say. Results showed that the copying condition best facilitated writing of Chinese characters for both groups, whereas radical knowledge facilitated only CS children's writing. NCS children benefited more from the phonological condition than from the look–say condition in learning to read Chinese. These results highlight the effectiveness of copying practice for all children learning to write Chinese. However, approaches to reading and writing Chinese may differ somewhat depending on the Chinese background knowledge of the children as well. Teaching children Chinese should be geared towards the strengths of different groups for learning.
Director Tenure Diversity and Board Monitoring Effectiveness
Authors: Li Na , Wahid Aida Sijamic 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study examines the impact of director tenure diversity on board effectiveness. We find that tenure‐diverse boards exhibit significantly higher CEO performance‐turnover sensitivity and that firms with tenure‐diverse audit committees are less likely to experience accounting restatements. Furthermore, we document that tenure‐diverse compensation committees also award less excess compensation and are less likely to overcompensate. Even though tenure‐diverse boards seem to exhibit superior monitoring performance, there is limited evidence that their firms exhibit superior financial performance. The findings suggest that recent calls for board renewal, to the extent that it would increase tenure diversity rather than just decrease average board tenure, may help enhance board monitoring.
Dihydroergotamine: Pharmacokinetics and Usefulness in Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: HILKE H. , KANTO J. , MÄNTYLÄ R. , KLEIMOLA T. , SYVÄLAHTI E. 
Published: July 2017

In a double‐blind study, 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine or the same volume of placebo was used to prevent hypotension caused by spinal anaesthesia. The plasma concentrations of dihydroergotamine were determined by a new radio‐immunoassay developed for ergot alkaloids, and pharmacokinetic calculations were based on the equation of a two‐compartment open model. No significant changes were observed in the heart rates of the two patient groups. In Group I, which received dihydroergotamine, significant increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured after drug administration, and, compared to the base‐line measurements before spinal anaesthesia, no significant decreases in systolic or diastolic blood pressures were recorded. In contrast to Group I, there was a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the placebo Group II during spinal anaesthesia. There were no significant differences, however, in the temperature of the great toe between Groups I and II.Dihydroergotamine disappeared quickly from plasma, with a mean alpha‐phase half‐life of 1.35 min, which explained its rapid effect on blood pressure. Beta‐phase half‐life (mean 23.20 min), the volume of distribution at beta‐phase (mean 0.25 l/kg), and the total plasma clearance (mean 1562.8 ml/min) indicate rapid elimination of the drug from the body.
Trends in receipt of single and repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroid administration among preterm and term births: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Grivell Rosalie M. , Mol Ben W. 
Published: July 2017

AimTo investigate trends in receipt and timing of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) administration over a ten‐year interval.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all live births from 2006 to 2015 occurring at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Adelaide, Australia. We analysed temporal trends in the receipt of single courses and repeat doses of ACSs, according to administration timing prior to birth. The main outcome measures were receipt of a single course of ACS and whether administration was ‘Optimal’ (≥24 h to <seven days) or ‘Suboptimal’ (<24 h OR ≥7 days) according to timing prior to birth, as well as administration of repeat doses.ResultsAmong 47 105 live births, 4191 (8.9%) received any ACS, while 1009 (2.1%) received at least one repeat dose. From 2006/7 to 2014/15, receipt of a single course (relative risk (RR) 1.33; 95%CI 1.21, 1.47) or repeat dose of ACS (RR 1.24; 95%CI 1.01, 1.55) increased. Among women giving birth between 23–34 weeks gestation, receipt of any ACS increased from 75 to 84%, while an optimally timed single course of ACS increased from 20.4 to 31.0% (RR 1.40; 95%CI 1.24, 1.87). From 2006/7 to 2014/15, the greatest increase in ACS administration was evident among infants born 35–36 and ≥37 weeks gestation by caesarean section (RR 1.94; 95%CI 1.48, 2.55 and RR 2.55; 95%CI 1.86, 3.50, respectively).ConclusionsWhile frequently used, less than half of ACS administration prior to preterm birth was optimally timed. The impact of suboptimal ACS timing on neonatal outcomes requires further investigation.