bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Skidding Incidence During the Application of Different Parameters of Whole Body Vibration in Healthy Subjects with Normal Body Mass Index: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yoosefinejad Amin , Shabakhti Sara , Salehi Tahereh 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Context Whole body vibration is a fairly new method with an incremental attention in the fields of sport and rehabilitation. It’s therapeutic and physiologic effects seems to be related to determined parameters like frequency, amplitude, and the position of the subject on the platform. One of the recommended items to be evaluated in studies involving whole body vibration is the skidding of feet. Few studies have reported the incidence of skidding so far.
Objective To investigate the skidding occurrence in a group of healthy subjects with normal range of body mass index.
Design Cross sectional study
Setting Biomechanics lab of the School of Rehabilitation sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Participants Thirty healthy individuals with age range between 18 and 40 years and body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2

Intervention Twelve different conditions including three different frequencies (20, 30, and 45 Hz), high (3 mm) and low (1.5 mm) amplitudes, and two standing positions (erect and semi squat positions) were evaluated.
Main outcome measure incidence of skidding
Results The incidence percentage varied from 0 to 36%. The highest incidence rate pertained to a condition during which the frequency was 30 Hz, the amplitude was 3 mm, and the subject stood erect on the platform. The skidding did not occur in two of the conditions involving erect standing, frequency equal to 45 Hz, amplitude of 1.5 mm and semi-squat position, frequency equal 20 Hz, and amplitude of 1.5 mm.
Conclusion It seems that different parameters such as standing position, selected amplitude, BMI, and frequency rather than a single factor might influence the incidence of skidding.
let-7miRNA controls CED-7 homotypic adhesion and EFF-1–mediated axonal self-fusion to restore touch sensation following injury
Authors: Basu Atrayee , Dey Shirshendu , Puri Dharmendra , Das Saha Nilanjana , Sabharwal Vidur , Thyagarajan Pankajam , Srivastava Prerna , Koushika Sandhya Padmanabhan , Ghosh-Roy Anindya 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceIn many organisms axonal fragments can rejoin by self-fusion after neuronal injury. It is hypothesized that cell fusion would be an efficient way to repair functional loss after injury. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using theCaenorhabditis eleganssensory neurons that are responsible for gentle touch sensation. We found that fusion between the proximal and distal fragments of an injured posterior touch neuron (the posterior lateral microtubule) promotes functional recovery in an age-dependent manner. We also discovered thatlet-7miRNA inhibits functional restoration via EFF-1–mediated axonal self-fusion by reducingced-7expression. Our work established that the axon fusion process has functional significance in the maintenance of neuronal integrity throughout the life span of an organism.
Protein engineering of the chemokine CCL20 prevents psoriasiform dermatitis in an IL-23–dependent murine model
Authors: Getschman A. E. , Imai Y. , Larsen O. , Peterson F. C. , Wu X. , Rosenkilde M. M. , Hwang S. T. , Volkman B. F. 
Published: November 2017

SignificancePsoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory T cells to the skin in response to injury. When inflammatory T cells and dendritic cells are recruited to the skin by CCL20 and other chemokines, they release cytokines that contribute to psoriatic inflammation. We engineered a molecule derived from the natural CCL20 protein that adopts a unique dimeric structure, partially activates its G-protein receptor, blocks T cell homing, and prevents the signs of psoriasis in a mouse model of this common human skin disease. Our remarkable findings reveal the potential of engineered-CCL20 molecules as therapeutic agents for psoriasis and the general utility of chemokine engineering for treating inflammatory diseases.
Epoxide metabolites of arachidonate and docosahexaenoate function conversely in acute kidney injury involved in GSK3β signaling
Authors: Deng Bing-Qing , Luo Ying , Kang Xin , Li Chang-Bin , Morisseau Christophe , Yang Jun , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Huang Jian , Hu Da-Yong , Wu Ming-Yu , Peng Ai , Hammock Bruce D. , Liu Jun-Yan 
Published: November 2017

Significance
This study demonstrates that 19 (20)-EDP, the major epoxide metabolite of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid, aggravates while 14 (15)-EET, the major epoxide metabolite of ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid, alleviates acute kidney injury (AKI) in a murine model. The metabolite 19 (20)-EDP significantly shortened while 14 (15)-EET significantly prolonged the survival of AKI mice. Opposite effects of the EDP and EET regioisomers in ischemia/reperfusion-caused kidney injury may partially account for the opposite effects of 14 (15)-EET and 19 (20)-EDP in modulation of the hypoxia/reoxygenation-caused apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and the phosphorylation of GSK3β, a promising therapeutic target for AKI. However, our study provides a caution regarding the use of dietary ω-3 fatty acids in renal injury.
Oxalate-curcumin–based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Xueli , Yuan Peng , Yang Jing , Xu Yungen , Grutzendler Jaime , Shao Yihan , Moore Anna , Ran Chongzhao 
Published: November 2017

Significance
It has long been speculated that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is tightly associated with oxidative stress and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. However, comprehensive evidence from living beings is rare. In this report, inspired by the “chemistry of glow stick,” we designed oxalate-curcumin–based imaging probes to provide evidence of high ROS concentrations in AD brains in animal studies at micro- and macrolevels. At the microlevel, our imaging method identified “active” amyloid beta plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy via dual-color two-photon imaging. At the macrolevel, our probe could detect relatively high ROS concentrations in AD brains using near-IR fluorescence imaging. We believe that our method will be an indispensable tool for investigating ROS in living beings.
A transient dopamine signal encodes subjective value and causally influences demand in an economic context
Authors: Schelp Scott A. , Pultorak Katherine J. , Rakowski Dylan R. , Gomez Devan M. , Krzystyniak Gregory , Das Raibatak , Oleson Erik B. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
A central tenet of economics is that as the price of a commodity increases, its demand goes down because individuals choose to buy less. Mounting evidence supports a role for the neuromodulator dopamine in representing subjective value. We investigated the role of dopamine in valuation by presenting rats with a reward across a range of prices. We showed that dopamine concentration decreased with price and increasing release using optogenetic manipulations-altered price sensitivity. Increasing release prior to reward delivery made animals more sensitive to price, whereas increasing release at reward delivery made animals less sensitive to price. These data extend the notion that dopamine release events encode subjective value and further demonstrate that increasing dopamine release causally modifies price sensitivity.
Natural language indicators of differential gene regulation in the human immune system
Authors: Mehl Matthias R. , Raison Charles L. , Pace Thaddeus W. W. , Arevalo Jesusa M. G. , Cole Steve W. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceSocial genomics research has identified a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) that may contribute to social disparities in health. This study identified systematic individual differences in natural language use that track CTRA gene expression more closely than do conventional self-report measures of stress, anxiety, or depression. These language style markers may provide a useful behavioral indicator of the neurobiological processes that mediate social influences on gene expression in immune cells.
M-current inhibition rapidly induces a unique CK2-dependent plasticity of the axon initial segment
Authors: Lezmy Jonathan , Lipinsky Maya , Khrapunsky Yana , Patrich Eti , Shalom Lia , Peretz Asher , Fleidervish Ilya A. , Attali Bernard 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceThe axon initial segment (AIS), the region where neurons generate spikes, was recently shown to be a highly dynamic structure, exhibiting plasticity over wide timescales. Here we triggered a unique form of AIS plasticity in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by selectively targeting the AIS M-type K+channels. We uncovered the mechanisms whereby sustained cholinergic activation or direct M-channel block rapidly trigger a unique form of AIS plasticity. Minutes to hours of sustained M-current depression resulted in a compensatory reduction in intrinsic excitability associated with distal shift of the axonal spike trigger zone and distal relocation of both Na+and M-channels. These fast homeostatic changes, necessary to stabilize network excitability, were dependent on the crucial AIS protein, protein kinase CK2.
Periodic production of retinoic acid by meiotic and somatic cells coordinates four transitions in mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Endo Tsutomu , Freinkman Elizaveta , de Rooij Dirk G. , Page David C. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceMale mouse sex cells mature into sperm through a 35-d process punctuated by four transitions, two occurring before meiosis (spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation) and two after meiosis (spermatid elongation and sperm release). The four transitions occur in proximity spatially and temporally, with an 8.6-d periodicity. We describe how this coordination is achieved. The premeiotic transitions were known to be regulated by retinoic acid (RA). We show that RA also regulates the two postmeiotic transitions. RA levels change periodically, and meiotic cells contribute to its production. The two postmeiotic transitions require RA from meiotic cells while the premeiotic transitions require RA from somatic cells. These elements underpin the spatiotemporal coordination of spermatogenesis to ensure constant sperm production throughout adult life.
Key amino acid residues conferring enhanced enzyme activity at cold temperatures in an Antarctic polyextremophilic β-galactosidase
Authors: Laye Victoria J. , Karan Ram , Kim Jong-Myoung , Pecher Wolf T. , DasSarma Priya , DasSarma Shiladitya 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Combining comparative genomics, mutagenesis, kinetic analysis, and molecular modeling provides a powerful way to explore and understand the structure and function of proteins under extreme and potentially astrobiological conditions. Alignment of closely related cold-active and mesophilic β-galactosidase enzymes from halophilic Archaea, followed by mutagenesis and kinetic analysis, demonstrates the importance of specific amino acid residues in temperature-dependent catalytic activity, while molecular modeling provides a structural framework for their mechanism of action. Such an interdisciplinary approach shows how a very small fraction of conserved residues that are divergent from mesophilic homologs are key to enhancing catalytic activity at cold temperatures and underscores the power of combining genomics and genetics with biochemistry and structural biology for understanding polyextremophilic enzyme function.
Ultrafast 25-fs relaxation in highly excited states of methyl azide mediated by strong nonadiabatic coupling
Authors: Peters William K. , Couch David E. , Mignolet Benoit , Shi Xuetao , Nguyen Quynh L. , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Remacle Françoise , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M. , Li Wen 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceHighly excited states of neutral molecules behave qualitatively differently than the lower excited states that are commonly studied in photochemistry. Such states are involved in ionospheric and astrochemical phenomena, as well as in detonation processes. However, highly excited states are poorly understood due to experimental and theoretical challenges in probing their complex dynamics. Here, we apply vacuum-UV femtosecond laser sources and an imaging photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectrometer to directly probe the surprisingly fast 25-fs reaction pathway of the energetic molecule methyl azide. Combined with advanced calculations, we conclude that the electronic relaxation is driven by strong nonadiabatic coupling and that population transfer occurs along a seam well above the minimum energy conical intersection.
Definition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator in mice
Authors: Clarkson Jenny , Han Su Young , Piet Richard , McLennan Timothy , Kane Grace M. , Ng Jamie , Porteous Robert W. , Kim Joon S. , Colledge William H. , Iremonger Karl J. , Herbison Allan E. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Neural networks located in the hypothalamus are responsible for generating ultradian patterns of hormone secretion that control a wide variety of functions. How these neural networks generate pulsatile hormone secretion remains unknown. We report here that a population of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons represents the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator. These cells have the remarkable ability to generate synchronized GnRH secretion every 9 min to drive pulsatile gonadotropin hormone secretion in the blood. These observations indicate the arcuate kisspeptin neurons as the origin of reproductive hormone pulsatility in mice and offer the prospect of better understanding and manipulating fertility in the clinic.
Proof of region-specific multipotent progenitors in human breast epithelia
Authors: Fridriksdottir Agla J. , Villadsen René , Morsing Mikkel , Klitgaard Marie Christine , Kim Jiyoung , Petersen Ole William , Rønnov-Jessen Lone 
Published: November 2017

Significance
We have devised a culture system with conditions that allow primary breast myoepithelial cells (MEPs) to be passaged in a manner that sustains either nonmyodifferentiated or myodifferentiated cell populations without permitting contaminating luminal cells to grow. We show that progenitor activity and potency of MEPs to generate luminal cells in culture and in vivo rely on maintenance of myodifferentiation. Specific isolation and propagation of topographically distinct MEPs reveal the existence of multipotent progenitors in terminal duct lobular units. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the emergence of candidate luminal precursor cells to human breast cancer.
Effectiveness of a Fishway for Restoring Passage of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Hodge Brian W. , Fetherman Eric R. , Rogers Kevin B. , Henderson Richard 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Little is known about the effectiveness of fishways for restoring passage to inland (nonanadromous) salmonids. We used PIT telemetry to evaluate the biological effectiveness of a vertical-slot fishway constructed to restore passage of adult Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus (CRCT) in a small Rocky Mountain stream. Our objectives were to assess (1) fishway efficacy (whether or not the fishway restored fish passage), (2) approach efficiency (the probability that a tagged fish encountered the fishway; an index of population use), (3) attraction efficiency (the probability that a fish near the fishway located its entrance), and (4) passage efficiency (the probability that a fish entering the fishway navigated successfully through it). To account for antenna detection probabilities and avoid biases that can result from simple, proportion-based calculations, we used a variation of the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model to derive efficiency estimates. The fishway restored passage of adult CRCT to long-vacant habitats. Approach efficiency was 4%; attraction and passage efficiencies were 100%. We conclude that fishways can effectively restore passage of inland salmonids, and we recommend that additional fishway monitoring studies be conducted to inform decision-making and elucidate which designs and conditions will best facilitate passage.
Received April 19, 2017; accepted September 26, 2017Published online November 6, 2017
Decomposition of the Total Effect in the Presence of Multiple Mediators and Interactions
Authors: Bellavia Andrea , Valeri Linda 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMediation analysis allows decomposing a total effect into a direct effect of the exposure on the outcome and an indirect effect operating through a number of possible hypothesized pathways. Recent studies have provided formal definitions of direct and indirect effects when multiple mediators are of interest and have described parametric and semiparametric methods for their estimation. Investigating direct and indirect effects with multiple mediators, however, can be challenging in the presence of multiple exposure-mediator and mediator-mediator interactions. In this paper we derive a decomposition of the total effect that unifies mediation and interaction when multiple mediators are present. We illustrate the properties of the proposed framework in a secondary analysis of a pragmatic trial for the treatment of schizophrenia. The decomposition is employed to investigate the interplay of side effects and psychiatric symptoms in explaining the effect of antipsychotic medication on quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Our result offers a valuable tool to identify the proportions of total effect due to mediation and interaction when more than one mediator is present, providing the finest decomposition of the total effect that unifies multiple mediators and interactions.
From Thoreau’s woods to the Canary Islands: exploring ocean biogeochemistry through enzymology
Authors: Packard Theodore T 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis essay relates my odyssey in exploring enzyme reactions as oceanographic rate proxies and describes my scientific contributions since 1963. To elucidate biogeochemical processes in marine ecosystems I explored calculating respiratory oxygen utilization (OUR) and nitrate respiration from activities of the respiratory electron transport system (ETS), assimilatory phytoplankton nitrate uptake from nitrate reductase activity, and respiratory CO2 production from isocitrate dehydrogenase. This exploration began at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute doing a thesis on Krebs-Cycle-based respiration in the quahog, Venus mercenaria, for my B.Sc. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It continued at the Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory (FHL) of the University of Washington (UW) developing a biological oceanography MS thesis testing succinate dehydrogenase activity as a respiration proxy in Artemia salina. Upon realizing that the ETS, not the Krebs-Cycle, controlled the electron flux to O2, I developed the ETS idea to determine seawater OUR for a Ph.D. thesis at UW. The resulting assay led to the first direct measurements of deep-sea metabolism and allowed biochemical calculations of OUR profiles in the Costa Rica Dome, in the Peru upwelling, and in other ocean water columns. I continued this research at Maine’s Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Science (BLOS), and at Quebec’s Institute Maurice Lamontagne (IML). Then, after moving to Spain, I used the stability of my pension to continue this research at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) where I am catalysing new thinking about ocean metabolism. Here, these topics are integrated into an autobiographic history of this science.
The Publicity of Thought
Authors: Onofri Andrea 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn influential tradition holds that thoughts are public: different thinkers share many of their thoughts, and the same applies to a single subject at different times. This ‘publicity principle’ has recently come under attack. Arguments by Mark Crimmins, Richard Heck and Brian Loar seem to show that publicity is inconsistent with the widely accepted principle that someone who is ignorant or mistaken about certain identity facts will have distinct thoughts about the relevant object—for instance, the astronomer who does not know that Hesperus is Phosphorus will have two distinct thoughts Hesperus is bright and Phosphorus is bright. In this paper, I argue that publicity can be defended if we adopt a relational account on which thoughts are individuated by their mutual relations. I then go on to develop a specific relational theory—the ‘linking account’—and contrast it with other relational views.
Arsenic Induces Members of the mmu-miR-466-669 Cluster Which Reduces NeuroD1 Expression
Authors: Liu Jui-Tung , Bain Lisa J 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure can result in adverse development effects including decreased intellectual function, reduced birth weight, and altered locomotor activity. Previous in vitro studies have shown that arsenic inhibits stem cell differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes including embryonic development and cell differentiation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether altered miRNA expression was a mechanism by which arsenic inhibited cellular differentiation. The pluripotent P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells were exposed to 0 or 0.5 μM sodium arsenite for 9 days during cell differentiation, and changes in miRNA expression was analyzed using microarrays. We found that the expression of several miRNAs important in cellular differentiation, such as miR-9 and miR-199 were decreased by 1.9- and 1.6-fold, respectively, following arsenic exposure, while miR-92a, miR-291a, and miR-709 were increased by 3-, 3.7-, and 1.6-fold, respectively. The members of the miR-466-669 cluster and its host gene, Scm-like with 4 Mbt domains 2 (Sfmbt2), were significantly induced by arsenic from 1.5- to 4-fold in a time-dependent manner. Multiple miRNA target prediction programs revealed that several neurogenic transcription factors appear to be targets of the cluster. When consensus anti-miRNAs targeting the miR-466-669 cluster were transfected into P19 cells, arsenic-exposed cells were able to more effectively differentiate. The consensus anti-miRNAs appeared to rescue the inhibitory effects of arsenic on cell differentiation due to an increased expression of NeuroD1. Taken together, we conclude that arsenic induces the miR-466-669 cluster, and that this induction acts to inhibit cellular differentiation in part due to a repression of NeuroD1.