bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Electropalatography for Treating Misarticulation of /r/
Authors: Hitchcock Elaine R. , Byun Tara McAllister , Swartz Michelle , Lazarus Roberta 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to document the efficacy of electropalatography (EPG) for the treatment of rhotic errors in school-age children. Despite a growing body of literature using EPG for the treatment of speech sound errors, there is little systematic evidence about the relative efficacy of EPG for rhotic errors.MethodParticipants were 5 English-speaking children aged 6;10 to 9;10, who produced /r/ at the word level with < 30% accuracy but otherwise showed typical speech, language, and hearing abilities. Therapy was delivered in twice-weekly 30-min sessions for 8 weeks.ResultsFour out of 5 participants were successful in achieving perceptually and acoustically accurate /r/ productions during within-treatment trials. Two participants demonstrated generalization of /r/ productions to nontreated targets, per blinded listener ratings.ConclusionsThe present findings support the hypothesis that EPG can improve production accuracy in some children with rhotic errors. However, the utility of EPG is likely to remain variable across individuals. For rhotics, EPG training emphasizes one possible tongue configuration consistent with accurate rhotic production (lateral tongue contact). Although some speakers respond well to this cue, the narrow focus may limit lingual exploration of other acceptable tongue shapes known to facilitate rhotic productions.
How Stuttering Develops: The Multifactorial Dynamic Pathways Theory
Authors: Smith Anne , Weber Christine 
Published: August 2017

PurposeWe advanced a multifactorial, dynamic account of the complex, nonlinear interactions of motor, linguistic, and emotional factors contributing to the development of stuttering. Our purpose here is to update our account as the multifactorial dynamic pathways theory.MethodWe review evidence related to how stuttering develops, including genetic/epigenetic factors; motor, linguistic, and emotional features; and advances in neuroimaging studies. We update evidence for our earlier claim: Although stuttering ultimately reflects impairment in speech sensorimotor processes, its course over the life span is strongly conditioned by linguistic and emotional factors.ResultsOur current account places primary emphasis on the dynamic developmental context in which stuttering emerges and follows its course during the preschool years. Rapid changes in many neurobehavioral systems are ongoing, and critical interactions among these systems likely play a major role in determining persistence of or recovery from stuttering.ConclusionStuttering, or childhood onset fluency disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins when neural networks supporting speech, language, and emotional functions are rapidly developing. The multifactorial dynamic pathways theory motivates experimental and clinical work to determine the specific factors that contribute to each child's pathway to the diagnosis of stuttering and those most likely to promote recovery.
Galaxy clusters in the context of superfluid dark matter
Authors: Hodson Alistair O. , Zhao Hongsheng , Khoury Justin , Famaey Benoit 
Published: August 2017

Context.The mass discrepancy in the Universe has not been solved by the cold dark matter (CDM) or the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigms so far. The problems and solutions of either scenario are mutually exclusive on large and small scales. It has recently been proposed, by assuming that dark matter is a superfluid, that MOND-like effects can be achieved on small scales whilst preserving the success of ΛCDM on large scales. Detailed models within this “superfluid dark matter” (SfDM) paradigm are yet to be constructed.Aims.Here, we aim to provide the first set of spherical models of galaxy clusters in the context of SfDM. We aim to determine whether the superfluid formulation is indeed sufficient to explain the mass discrepancy in galaxy clusters.Methods.The SfDM model is defined by two parameters. Λ can be thought of as a mass scale in the Lagrangian of the scalar field that effectively describes the phonons, and it acts as a coupling constant between the phonons and baryons.mis the mass of the DM particles. Based on these parameters, we outline the theoretical structure of the superfluid core and the surrounding “normal-phase” dark halo of quasi-particles. The latter are thought to encompass the largest part of galaxy clusters. Here, we set the SfDM transition at the radius where the density and pressure of the superfluid and normal phase coincide, neglecting the effect of phonons in the superfluid core. We then apply the formalism to a sample of galaxy clusters, and directly compare the SfDM predicted mass profiles to data.Results.We find that the superfluid formulation can reproduce the X-ray dynamical mass profile of clusters reasonably well, but with a slight under-prediction of the gravity in the central regions. This might be partly related to our neglecting of the effect of phonons in these regions. Two normal-phase halo profiles are tested, and it is found that clusters are better defined by a normal-phase halo resembling an Navarro-Frenk-White-like structure than an isothermal profile.Conclusions.In this first exploratory work on the topic, we conclude that depending on the amount of baryons present in the central galaxy and on the actual effect of phonons in the inner regions, this superfluid formulation could be successful in describing galaxy clusters. In the future, our model could be made more realistic by exploring non-sphericity and a more realistic SfDM to normal phase transition. The main result of this study is an estimate of the order of magnitude of the theory parameters for the superfluid formalism to be reasonably consistent with clusters. These values will have to be compared to the true values needed in galaxies.
Is Knee Arthroscopy Beneficial in Treating Traumatic Meniscal Tears on Patients Older Than 60 Years?
Authors: Li Ke , Cavaignac Etienne , Chen Hong , Xu Wei , Chen Cheng , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKnee arthroscopic surgery is usually performed on young or middle-aged patients with meniscal tears. However, we have noted an amount of active elderly patients who suffered from traumatic meniscal tear without significant degenerative changes. Outcome data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed in patients older than 60 years who underwent partial arthroscopic meniscectomy between April 2008 and July 2013. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grade, Knee Society Score (KSS), and pain scores were collected, and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was recorded. Subgroups comparing the clinical outcome of different level of K–L grade and Outerbridge's score were conducted. At an average of 31 months of follow-up (standard deviation [SD]: 8.9; range, 24–63 months) for 96 patients with a mean age of 65.8 years (SD: 5.7; range, 60–83 years), 12 patients underwent conversion to TKA at an average of 2.1 years. Patients with a clear traumatic history of the knee have better improvement in visual analog scale (p < 0.001), KSS functional score (p = 0.005), and WOMAC score (p < 0.001), patients with K–L grade greater than III were 3.1 times more likely to undergo conversion to TKA than patients with K–L grade less than III. The findings indicate that patients older than 60 years with mild osteoarthritis and clear traumatic history of the meniscus are a good indication for arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The level of evidence is level IV (a retrospective case series).
Agreement between Perometry and Sequential Arm Circumference Measurements in Objective Determination of Arm Volume
Authors: Baiocchi Jaqueline , Campanholi Larissa , Bergmann Anke , Duprat João , Batista Bernardo 
Published: August 2017

Background Limb circumference measurements (CM) and perometry are the preferred methods for objectively measuring arm volume in lymphedema surgery research. Understanding the measurement bias involved in these measuring systems is important to properly interpret and compare studies and their results.
Methods Arm volumes from 91 patients were measured using sequential girths and the truncated cone formula (CM) and with the use of an automated perometer (perometry). The absolute volume of the largest arm (V), the volume difference between the arms (VD), and the relative difference between them (percentage of excess volume [PEV]) were calculated with both methods. The agreement between methods was assessed by the Pearson's correlation test and the Bland–Altman's method.
Results Correlations were strong for V (r = 0.99), VD (r = 88), and PEV (r = 0.86). Volumes measured by perometry were, on average, 10.6 mL smaller than volumes calculated from CM, while their limits of agreement (LOA) ranged from −202 to 181 mL. The LOA represents the range we could expect the arm volumes measured with the two methods to differ by chance alone, 95% of the times. For VD, LOA was −101 to 141 mL, with a mean difference of 19.9 mL, while PEV had a mean difference of 0.9%, with LOA ranging from −5 to 6.8%.
Conclusion There is considerable measurement error between arm volume estimated by perometry and by CM. Volumes calculated with these methods should be compared with caution. Furthermore, we observed an increasingly relevant measurement bias in outcomes that are mathematically derived from arm volumes.
Endemisch auftretendes Ösophaguskarzinom in Malawi
Authors: Grade Matthias , Felber Jörg , Gessner Anja , Bach Olaf , Bader Oliver , Mothes Henning 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Ösophaguskarzinom tritt im südöstlichen Afrika endemisch auf. In Malawi, welches zu den ärmsten Ländern der Welt zählt, rangiert es noch vor der AIDS-Epidemie in allen Altersgruppen gleich verteilt mit einer Prävalenz von 12 % an erster Stelle. Laut Studien von Ferlay, Soerjomataram et al. (2014) erreicht die Inzidenz sogar 22,7/100 000, gefolgt von China mit 20,1/100 000 und fungiert damit weltweit an erster Stelle. Die Ätiologie dieses Plattenepithelkarzinoms ist unklar. Neben Toxinen werden auch spezielle Viren oder spezielle Ernährungsgewohnheiten für die Genese diskutiert. Aufgrund nicht vorhandener medizinischer Ressourcen haben die betroffenen Menschen in dieser Region kaum eine Perspektive. Chirurgische Optionen und chemotherapeutische Protokolle existieren de facto nicht. Im Oktober 2014 startete ein spezielles Förderprogramm ausgehend von Jenaer Chirurgen mit dem Ziel, ein Stentprojekt im Zomba Central Hospital zu implementieren. Das sogenannte „Ein-Stent-Ein-Leben-Projekt“. Das Zomba Central Hospital ist eines von 4 Krankenhäusern der Maximalversorgung in Malawi und hat ein Einzugsgebiet von etwa 2 Mio. Einwohnern.
Erfolgreicher Übergang in die Erwachsenenmedizin
Authors: Ernst Gundula 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Übergang in das Erwachsenenleben ist für chronisch kranke Jugendliche mit zahlreichen Risiken behaftet: Nicht selten fallen sie in dieser Übergangsphase aus der medizinischen Versorgung, womit eine Verschlechterung des Gesundheitszustands einhergeht. Der Transfer von der pädiatrischen Versorgung in Behandlungseinrichtungen für Erwachsene sollte daher nicht plötzlich und ungeplant, sondern als strukturierter, vorbereiteter Prozess erfolgen. In den letzten 2 Dekaden wurden unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgt, um chronisch kranke Jugendliche gezielt von der familienorientierten hin zu einer erwachsenenzentrierten Gesundheitsversorgung zu überführen. Die Maßnahmen reichen von einem individuellen Fallmanagement über den gesamten Transitionszeitraum hinweg – Ziel dabei ist es, die strukturellen Barrieren zu überwinden – bis hin zu Gruppenschulungen zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz und des Selbstmanagements der Jugendlichen.
Herausforderungen des Diabetes an Jugendliche: Chancen und Grenzen neuer Technologien
Authors: Ziegler Ralph 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Typ-1-Diabetes ist die häufigste Stoffwechselerkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter – die Zahl an Betroffenen steigt stetig an. Dabei sind die Belastungen der täglichen, ja sogar stündlichen Behandlung ohne Pause und ohne Ferien real und nicht zu unterschätzen. Moderne Technologien können helfen, diese Belastungen zu reduzieren. Sie umfassen schnelle Insuline zur besseren Abdeckung von Kohlenhydraten, Verzögerungsinsuline, deren Wirkprofil eine Variation des Injektionszeitpunkts bei wechselnden Tagesabläufen erlaubt, Insulinpumpen, verschiedene Methoden der kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung und schließlich die Möglichkeiten der systematischen digitalen Datenauswertung. All diese Technologien können jedoch nur dazu beitragen, die immer noch notwendige Therapie konsequent umzusetzen. Der Patient selbst bleibt immer gefordert, täglich mehrfach die richtige Menge Insulin zum richtigen Zeitpunkt unter die Haut zu injizieren.
An improved compound Poisson model for the number of motif hits in DNA sequences
Authors: Kopp Wolfgang , Vingron Martin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Transcription factors play a crucial role in gene regulation by binding to specific regulatory sequences. The sequence motifs recognized by a transcription factor can be described in terms of position frequency matrices. When scanning a sequence for matches to a position frequency matrix, one needs to determine a cut-off, which then in turn results in a certain number of hits. In this paper we describe how to compute the distribution of match scores and of the number of motif hits, which are the prerequisites to perform motif hit enrichment analysis.

Results
We put forward an improved compound Poisson model that supports general order-d Markov background models and which computes the number of motif-hits more accurately than earlier models. We compared the accuracy of the improved compound Poisson model with previously proposed models across a range of parameters and motifs, demonstrating the improvement. The importance of the order-d model is supported in a case study using CpG-island sequences.

Availability and implementation
The method is available as a Bioconductor package named ’motifcounter’ https://bioconductor.org/packages/motifcounter.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Novel transcriptome resources for three scleractinian coral species from the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Kenkel Carly D. , Bay Line K 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Transcriptomic resources for coral species can provide insight into coral evolutionary history and stress-response physiology. Goniopora columna, Galaxea astreata, and Galaxea acrhelia are scleractinian corals of the Indo-Pacific, representing a diversity of morphologies and life-history traits. G. columna and G. astreata are common and cosmopolitan, while G. acrhelia is largely restricted to the coral triangle and Great Barrier Reef. Reference transcriptomes for these species were assembled from replicate colony fragments exposed to elevated (31°C) and ambient (27°C) temperatures. Trinity was used to create de novo assemblies for each species from 92–102 million raw Illumina Hiseq 2 × 150 bp reads. Host-specific assemblies contained 65 460–72 405 contigs, representing 26 693–37 894 isogroups (~genes) with an average N50 of 2254. Gene name and/or gene ontology annotations were possible for 58% of isogroups on average. Transcriptomes contained 93.1–94.3% of EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups comprising the core eukaryotic gene set, and 89.98–91.92% of the single-copy metazoan core gene set orthologs were complete, indicating fairly comprehensive assemblies. This work expands the complement of transcriptomic resources available for scleractinian coral species, including the first reference for a representative of Goniopora spp. as well as species with novel morphology.
Transcriptional mapping of the primary somatosensory cortex upon sensory deprivation
Authors: Kole Koen , Komuro Yutaro , Provaznik Jan , Pistolic Jelena , Benes Vladimir , Tiesinga Paul , Celikel Tansu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Experience-dependent plasticity (EDP) is essential for anatomical and functional maturation of sensory circuits during development. Although the principal synaptic and circuit mechanisms of EDP are increasingly well studied experimentally and computationally, its molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. EDP can be readily studied in the rodent barrel cortex, where each “barrel column” preferentially represents deflections of its own principal whisker. Depriving select whiskers while sparing their neighbours introduces competition between barrel columns, ultimately leading to weakening of intracortical, translaminar (i.e., cortical layer (L)4-to-L2/3) feed-forward excitatory projections in the deprived columns. The same synapses are potentiated in the neighbouring spared columns. These experience-dependent alterations of synaptic strength are thought to underlie somatosensory map plasticity. We used RNA sequencing in this model system to uncover cortical-column and -layer specific changes on the transcriptome level that are induced by altered sensory experience. Column- and layer-specific barrel cortical tissues were collected from juvenile mice with all whiskers intact and mice that received 11–12 days of long whisker (C-row) deprivation before high-quality RNA was purified and sequenced. The current dataset entails an average of 50 million paired-end reads per sample, 75 base pairs in length. On average, 90.15% of reads could be uniquely mapped to the mm10 reference mouse genome. The current data reveal the transcriptional changes in gene expression in the barrel cortex upon altered sensory experience in juvenile mice and will help to molecularly map the mechanisms of cortical plasticity.
Combining semi-automated image analysis techniques with machine learning algorithms to accelerate large-scale genetic studies
Authors: Atkinson Jonathan A. , Lobet Guillaume , Noll Manuel , Meyer Patrick E. , Griffiths Marcus , Wells Darren M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Genetic analyses of plant root systems require large datasets of extracted architectural traits. To quantify such traits from images of root systems, researchers often have to choose between automated tools (that are prone to error and extract only a limited number of architectural traits) or semi-automated ones (that are highly time consuming). We trained a Random Forest algorithm to infer architectural traits from automatically extracted image descriptors. The training was performed on a subset of the dataset, then applied to its entirety. This strategy allowed us to (i) decrease the image analysis time by 73% and (ii) extract meaningful architectural traits based on image descriptors. We also show that these traits are sufficient to identify the quantitative trait loci that had previously been discovered using a semi-automated method. We have shown that combining semi-automated image analysis with machine learning algorithms has the power to increase the throughput of large-scale root studies. We expect that such an approach will enable the quantification of more complex root systems for genetic studies. We also believe that our approach could be extended to other areas of plant phenotyping.
10 Best resources for community engagement in implementation research
Authors: Glandon Douglas , Paina Ligia , Alonge Olakunle , Peters David H , Bennett Sara 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Implementation research (IR) focuses on understanding how and why interventions produce their effects in a given context. This often requires engaging a broad array of stakeholders at multiple levels of the health system. Whereas a variety of tools and approaches exist to facilitate stakeholder engagement at the national or institutional level, there is a substantial gap in the IR literature about how best to do this at the local or community level. Similarly, although there is extensive guidance on community engagement within the context of clinical trials—for HIV/AIDS in particular—the same cannot be said for IR. We identified a total of 59 resources by using a combination of online searches of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, as well as crowd-sourcing through the Health Systems Global platform. The authors then completed two rounds of rating the resources to identify the ‘10 best’. The resources were rated based on considerations of their relevance to IR, existence of an underlying conceptual framework, comprehensiveness of guidance, ease of application, and evidence of successful application in low- or middle-income countries or relevant contexts. These 10 resources can help implementation researchers think strategically and practically about how best to engage community stakeholders to improve the quality, meaningfulness, and application of their results in order to improve health and health systems outcomes. Building on the substantial work that has already been done in the context of clinical trials, there is a need for clearer and more specific guidance on how to incorporate relevant and effective community engagement approaches into IR project planning and implementation.
Using angular pair upweighting to improve 3D clustering measurements
Authors: Percival Will J. , Bianchi Davide 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Three-dimensional galaxy clustering measurements provide a wealth of cosmological information. However, obtaining spectra of galaxies is expensive, and surveys often only measure redshifts for a subsample of a target galaxy population. Provided that the spectroscopic data is representative, we argue that angular pair upweighting should be used in these situations to improve the 3D clustering measurements. We present a toy model showing mathematically how such a weighting can improve measurements, and provide a practical example of its application using mocks created for the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). Our analysis of mocks suggests that if an angular clustering measurement is available over twice the area covered spectroscopically, weighting gives an∼10–20 per cent reduction of the variance of the monopole correlation function on the baryon acoustic oscillation scale.
Evidence of High Mortality and Increasing Burden of Sepsis in a Regional Sample of the New Zealand Population
Authors: Huggan Paul J , Bell Anita , Waetford James , Obertova Zuzanna , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening complication of infection. The incidence of sepsis is thought to be on the increase, but estimates making use of administrative data in the United States may be affected by administrative bias.MethodsWe studied the population-based incidence of sepsis in the Waikato region of New Zealand from 2007 to 2012 using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification, which lacks a specific code for sepsis.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2012, 1643 patients met coding criteria for sepsis in our hospitals. Sixty-three percent of patients were 65 or over, 17% of cases were admitted to an intensive care unit, and the in-hospital and 1-year mortality with sepsis was 19% and 38%, respectively. Age-standardized rate ratios (ASRRs) demonstrated that sepsis was associated with male sex (ASRR 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.59), Maori ethnicity (ASRR 3.22 compared with non-Maori; 95% CI, 2.85–3.65), study year (ASRR 1.62 comparing 2012 with 2008; 95% CI, 1.18–2.24), and socioeconomic deprivation (ASRR 1.72 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of socioeconomic deprivation; 95% CI, 1.5–1.97). Multiorgan failure was present in approximately 20% of cases in all age groups. Intensive care unit admission rate fell from 30% amongst 25- to 34-year-olds to less than 10% amongst those aged 75 and over.ConclusionsIn a 9% sample of the New Zealand population, the incidence of sepsis increased by 62% over a 5-year period. Maori, elderly, and disadvantaged populations were most affected.