bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of nonaccidental trauma among children at American College of Surgeons–verified pediatric trauma centers
Authors: Bogumil David D.A. , Demeter Natalie E. , Kay Imagawa Karen , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Burke Rita V. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
Child abuse remains a national epidemic that has detrimental effects if unnoticed in the clinical setting. Extreme cases of child abuse, or nonaccidental trauma (NAT), have large financial burdens associated with them due to treatment costs and long-term effects of abuse. Clinicians who have additional training and experience with pediatric trauma are better equipped to detect signs of NAT and have more experience reporting it. This additional training and experience can be measured by using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Pediatric Trauma verification. It is hypothesized that ACS-verified pediatric trauma centers (vPTCs) have an increased prevalence of NAT because of this additional experience and training relative to non-ACS vPTCs.

METHODS
The National Trauma Data Bank, for the years 2007 to 2014, was utilized to compare the prevalence of NAT between ACS vPTCs relative to non-ACS vPTCs to produce both crude and Injury Severity Score adjusted prevalence ratio estimates.

RESULTS
The majority of NAT cases across all hospitals were male (58.3%). The mean age of the NAT cases was 2.3 years with a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 11.1. The most common payment method was Medicaid (64.4%). The prevalence of NAT was 1.82 (1.74–1.90) times higher among ACS vPTCs and 1.81 (1.73–1.90) after adjusting for ISS.

CONCLUSIONS
The greater prevalence of NAT at vPTCs likely represents a more accurate measure of NAT among pediatric trauma patients, likely due to more experience and training of clinicians.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/Epidemiological, Level II.
Nonoperative management rather than endovascular repair may be safe for grade II blunt traumatic aortic injuries: An 11-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Spencer Stephen M. , Safcsak Karen , Smith Chadwick P. , Cheatham Michael L. , Bhullar Indermeet S. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
The Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) guidelines currently suggest thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for grade II–IV and nonoperative management (NOM) for grade I blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI). However, there is increasing evidence that grade II may also be observed safely. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of TEVAR and NOM for grade I–IV BTAI and determine if grade II can be safely observed with NOM.

METHODS
The records of patients with BTAI from 2004 to 2015 at a Level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into two groups: TEVAR versus NOM. All BTAIs were graded according to the SVS guidelines. Minimal aortic injury (MAI) was defined as BTAI grade I and II. Failure of NOM was defined as aortic rupture after admission or progression on subsequent computed tomography (CT) imaging requiring TEVAR or open thoracotomy repair (OTR). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U and χ
2 tests.

RESULTS
A total of 105 adult patients (≥16 years) with BTAI were identified over the 11-year period. Of these, 17 patients who died soon after arrival and 17 who underwent OTR were excluded. Of the remaining 71 patients, 30 had MAI (14 TEVAR vs. 16 NOM). There were no failures in either group. No patients with MAI in either group died from complications of aortic lesions. Follow-up CT imaging was performed on all MAI patients. Follow-up CT scans for all TEVAR patients showed stable stents with no leak. Follow-up CT in the NOM group showed progression in two patients neither required subsequent OTR or TEVAR.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the SVS guidelines suggest TEVAR for grade II–IV and NOM for grade I BTAI, NOM may be safely used in grade II BTAI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level IV.
Repurposing a pore: highly conserved perforin-like proteins with alternative mechanisms
Authors: Ni Tao , Gilbert Robert J. C. 
Published: June 2017

Pore-forming proteins play critical roles in pathogenic attack and immunological defence. The membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) group of homologues represents, with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, the largest family of such proteins. In this review, we begin by describing briefly the structure of MACPF proteins, outlining their common mechanism of pore formation. We subsequently discuss some examples of MACPF proteins likely implicated in pore formation or other membrane-remodelling processes. Finally, we focus on astrotactin and bone morphogenetic protein and retinoic acid-induced neural-specific proteins, highly conserved MACPF family members involved in developmental processes, which have not been well studied to date or observed to form a pore—and which data suggest may act by alternative mechanisms.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.
Haemolytic actinoporins interact with carbohydrates using their lipid-binding module
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Caaveiro Jose M. M. , Morante Koldo , Tsumoto Kouhei 
Published: June 2017

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are proteins endowed with metamorphic properties that enable them to stably fold in water solutions as well as in cellular membranes. PFTs produce lytic pores on the plasma membranes of target cells conducive to lesions, playing key roles in the defensive and offensive molecular systems of living organisms. Actinoporins are a family of potent haemolytic toxins produced by sea anemones vigorously studied as a paradigm of α-helical PFTs, in the context of lipid–protein interactions, and in connection with nanopore technologies. We have recently reported that fragaceatoxin C (FraC), an actinoporin, engages biological membranes with a large adhesive motif allowing the simultaneous attachment of up to four lipid molecules prior to pore formation. Since actinoporins also interact with carbohydrates, we sought to understand the molecular and energetic basis of glycan recognition by FraC. By employing structural and biophysical methodologies, we show that FraC engages glycans with low affinity using its lipid-binding module. Contrary to other PFTs requiring separate domains for glycan and lipid recognition, the small single-domain actinoporins economize resources by achieving dual recognition with a single binding module. This mechanism could enhance the recruitment of actinoporins to the surface of target tissues in their marine environment.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.
Insertion of proteins and lipopolysaccharide into the bacterial outer membrane
Authors: Botos Istvan , Noinaj Nicholas , Buchanan Susan K. 
Published: June 2017

The bacterial outer membrane contains phospholipids in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet. Both proteins and LPS must be frequently inserted into the outer membrane to preserve its integrity. The protein complex that inserts LPS into the outer membrane is called LptDE, and consists of an integral membrane protein, LptD, with a separate globular lipoprotein, LptE, inserted in the barrel lumen. The protein complex that inserts newly synthesized outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) into the outer membrane is called the BAM complex, and consists of an integral membrane protein, BamA, plus four lipoproteins, BamB, C, D and E. Recent structural and functional analyses illustrate how these two complexes insert their substrates into the outer membrane by distorting the membrane component (BamA or LptD) to directly access the lipid bilayer.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.
An Eigenvalue Test for spatial Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Montano V. , Jombart T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA, Jombart 2008) is designed to investigate non-random spatial distributions of genetic variation. Unfortunately, the associated tests used for assessing the existence of spatial patterns (global and local test; Jombart et al. 2008) lack statistical power and may fail to reveal existing spatial patterns. Here, we present a non-parametric test for the significance of specific patterns recovered by sPCA.ResultsWe compared the performance of this new test to the originalglobalandlocaltests using datasets simulated under classical population genetic models. Results show that our test outperforms the originalglobalandlocaltests, exhibiting improved statistical power while retaining similar, and reliable type I errors. Moreover, by allowing to test various sets of axes, it can be used to guide the selection of retained sPCA components.ConclusionsAs such, our test represents a valuable complement to the original analysis, and should prove useful for the investigation of spatial genetic patterns.
In vitro evaluation of antagonism byTrichodermaspp. towardsPhellinus noxiusassociated with rain tree (Samanea saman) and Senegal mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in Singapore
Authors: Burcham Daniel C. , Wong Jia Yih , Abarrientos Nelson V. , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Ismail , Fong Yok King , Schwarze Francis W. M. R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of laboratory tests was conducted to screen and identifyTnchodermaspp. for the biological control ofP. noxiuson pruning wounds. In total, 7Trichodermaisolates were evaluated for their biological fitness and antagonism towards 2 differentP. noxiusisolates associated with Senegal mahogany and rain tree in Singapore. The competitive ability of variousTrichodermaisolates was assessed by their germination rates, growth rates, and chlamydospore production; and the antagonism ofP. noxiusbyTrichodermawas assessed by the interaction of these fungi in dual culture and on wood blocks. In this study, theTrichodermaisolates showed greater competitiveness and antagonism towardsP. noxiuscompared to similar reports in the literature. A majority of theTrichodermaisolates germinated and grew at consistently high rates, but there was considerable variability in the production of chlamydospores among isolates. AllTrichodermaisolates routinely antagonizedP. noxiusin the different bioassays, but there was significant variability in the antagonistic capacity of various isolates and in the susceptibility of theP. noxiusisolates to confrontation withTrichoderma.Relative to the controls,P. noxiuscultures grew significantly slower in the presence of volatile organic compounds emitted by mostTrichodermaisolates, and a large majority ofTrichodermaisolates caused a significant reduction to the dry weight loss of wood blocks inoculated withP. noxius.Although no singleTrichodermaisolate consistently antagonizedP. noxiusbetter than all others in every test,T. harzianum9132 andT. virensW23 notably did so more regularly than others.
Cargo crowding at actin-rich regions along axons causes local traffic jams in neurons
Authors: Sood Parul , Murthy Kausalya , Vinod Kumar T. , Nonet Michael L , Menon Gautam I. , Koushika Sandhya P. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTSteady axonal cargo flow is central to the functioning of healthy neurons. However, a substantial fraction of cargo in axons remains stationary across a broad distribution of times. We examine the transport of pre-synaptic vesicles (pre-SVs), endosomes and mitochondria inC. eleganstouch receptor neurons (TRNs), showing that stalled cargo are predominantly present at actin-rich regions along the neuronal process. Cargo stalled at actin-rich regions increase the propensity of moving cargo to stall at the same location, resulting in traffic jams. Such local traffic jams at actin-rich regions are likely to be a general feature of axonal transport since they occur inDrosophilaneurons as well. These traffic jams can act as both sources and sinks of vesicles. We propose that they act as functional reservoirs that contribute to maintaining robust cargo flow in the neuron.
Cross-species Y chromosome function between malaria vectors of theAnopheles gambiaespecies complex
Authors: Bernardini Federica , Galizi Roberto , Wunderlich Mariana , Taxiarchi Chrysanthi , Kranjc Nace , Kyrou Kyros , Hammond Andrew , Nolan Tony , Lawniczak Mara N. K. , Papathanos Philippos Aris , Crisanti Andrea , Windbichler Nikolai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractY chromosome function, structure and evolution is poorly understood in many species including theAnophelesgenus of mosquitoes, an emerging model system for studying speciation that also represents the major vectors of malaria. While the Anopheline Y had previously been implicated in male mating behavior, recent data from theAnopheles gambiaecomplex suggests that, apart from the putative primary sex-determiner, no other genes are conserved on the Y. Studying the functional basis of the evolutionary divergence of the Y chromosome in the gambiae complex is complicated by complete F1 male hybrid sterility. Here we used an F1xF0 crossing scheme to overcome a severe bottleneck of male hybrid incompatibilities and enabled us to experimentally purify a genetically labelledA. gambiaeY chromosome in anA. arabiensisbackground. Whole genome sequencing confirmed that theA. gambiaeY retained its original sequence content in theA. arabiensisgenomic background. In contrast to comparable experiments inDrosophila, we find that the presence of a heterospecific Y chromosome has no significant effect on the expression ofA. arabiensisgenes and transcriptional differences can be explained almost exclusively as a direct consequence of transcripts arising from sequence elements present on theA. gambiaeY chromosome itself. We find that Y hybrids show no obvious fertility defects and no substantial reduction in male competitiveness. Our results demonstrate that, despite their radically different structure, Y chromosomes of these two species of the gambiae complex that diverged an estimated 1.85Myr ago function interchangeably, thus indicating that the Y chromosome does not harbor loci contributing to hybrid incompatibility. Therefore, Y chromosome gene flow between members of the gambiae complex is possible even at their current level of divergence. Importantly, this also suggests that malaria control interventions based on sex-distorting Y drive would be transferable, whether intentionally or contingent, between the major malaria vector species.
Evolution of gene expression after whole-genome duplication: new insights from the spotted gar genome
Authors: Pasquier Jeremy , Braasch Ingo , Batzel Peter , Cabau Cedric , Montfort Jérome , Nguyen Thaovi , Jouanno Elodie , Berthelot Camille , Klopp Christophe , Journot Laurent , Postlethwait John H. , Guiguen Yann , Bobe Julien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhole genome duplications (WGD) are important evolutionary events. Our understanding of underlying mechanisms, including the evolution of duplicated genes after WGD, however remains incomplete. Teleost fish experienced a common WGD (teleost-specific genome duplication, or TGD) followed by a dramatic adaptive radiation leading to more than half of all vertebrate species. The analysis of gene expression patterns following TGD at the genome level has been limited by the lack of suitable genomic resources. The recent concomitant release of the genome sequence of spotted gar (a representative of holosteans, the closest lineage of teleosts that lacks the TGD) and the tissue-specific gene expression repertoires of over 20 holostean and teleostean fish species, including spotted gar, zebrafish and medaka (the PhyloFish project), offered a unique opportunity to study the evolution of gene expression following TGD in teleosts. We show that most TGD duplicates gained their current status (loss of one duplicate gene or retention of both duplicates) relatively rapidly after TGD (i.e. prior to the divergence of medaka and zebrafish lineages). The loss of one duplicate is the most common fate after TGD with a probability of approximately 80%. In addition, the fate of duplicate genes after TGD, including subfunctionalization, neofunctionalization, or retention of two ‘similar’ copies occurred not only before, but also after the radiation of species tested, in consistency with a role of the TGD in speciation and/or evolution of gene function. Finally, we report novel cases of TGD ohnolog subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization that further illustrate the importance of these processes.
Zika Virus in Salivary Glands of Five Different Species of Wild-Caught Mosquitoes from Mexico
Authors: Elizondo-Quiroga Darwin , Medina-Sánchez Aarón. , Sánchez-González Jorge M. , Eckert Kristen Allison , Villalobos-Sánchez Erendira , Navarro-Zúñiga Antonio Rigoberto , Sánchez-Tejeda Gustavo , Correa-Morales Fabián , González-Acosta Cassandra , Elizondo-Quiroga Armando E. ,   Mexican Network for Virology,   Secretaría de Salud of Mexico
Published: June 2017

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus andAedes agyptihas been mentioned as the main vector of the disease. Other mosquito species in theAedesandCulexgenera have been suggested to have the potential for being competent vectors, based on experimental exposition of mosquitoes to an infectious blood meal containing ZIKV. Here, we report the isolation in cell culture of ZIKV from different body parts of wild-caught female mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti,Ae. vexans, Culex quinquefasciatus,Cx. coronator, andCx. tarsalis) and whole male mosquitoes (Ae. aegyptiandCx. quinquefasciatus) in Mexico. Importantly, the virus was isolated from the salivary glands of all of these mosquitoes, strongly suggesting that these species are potential vectors for ZIKV.
A single point mutation in a TssB/VipA homolog disrupts sheath formation in the type VI secretion system ofProteus mirabilis
Authors: Saak Christina C. , Zepeda-Rivera Martha A. , Gibbs Karine A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe type VI secretion (T6S) system is a molecular device for the delivery of proteins from one cell into another. T6S function depends on the contractile sheath comprised of TssB/VipA and TssC/VipB proteins. We previously reported on a mutant variant of TssB that disrupts T6S-dependent export of the self-identity protein, IdsD, in the bacteriumProteus mirabilis. Here we determined the mechanism underlying that initial observation. We show that T6S-dependent export of multiple self-recognition proteins is abrogated in this mutant strain. We have mapped the mutation, which is a single amino acid change, to a region predicted to be involved in the formation of the TssB-TssC sheath. We have demonstrated that this mutation does indeed inhibit sheath formation, thereby explaining the global disruption of T6S activity. We propose that this mutation could be utilized as an important tool for studying functions and behaviors associated with T6S systems.
A missing link: the behavioral mediators between resources and entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Aragon-Sanchez Antonio , Baixauli-Soler Samuel , Carrasco-Hernandez Antonio Jose 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Based on the theory of planned behaviour and the resource-based perspective, the purpose of this paper is to provide a well-supported explanation of how access to resources, defined as those controlled by the family context and not necessarily controlled by the student, changes attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control and, consequently, the entrepreneurial intentions of secondary students.

Design/methodology/approach
In contrast to traditional research methodologies, this study used a different approach based on primary survey data collected from secondary students to study future entrepreneurial intentions. Structural equation models were used in the empirical analysis.

Findings
Secondary students with more access to resources – financial and human capital – have stronger entrepreneurial intentions because they have more favourable attitudes and subjective norms, and greater perceived behavioural control. This study finds that cultural capital has no significant impact on entrepreneurial intention.

Practical implications
Key policy actions should increase access to resources for young people.

Originality/value
This study shows that the effect of access to resources on entrepreneurial intention is mediated by attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioural control. The results suggest that the relationship between access to resources and entrepreneurial intentions is more complex and nuanced than previously thought.
How shared leadership and team personality composition interact to improve entrepreneurial team performance
Authors: Zhou Wencang , Zhang Yanli , Shen Yali 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the contingency effects of personality composition on the shard leadership and entrepreneurial team performance relationship and second, to examine different contingency effects that team personality mean score and team personality diversity have on the shared leadership – entrepreneurial team performance relationship, using the person-team fit theory and the Big-5 framework.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 200 entrepreneurial teams in a technology incubator founded in 2009 in eastern China. Data were collected through an online survey.FindingsTeam conscientiousness level and team openness to experience diversity were found to interact with shared leadership to influence team effectiveness in a supplementary way, such that the relationship between shared leadership and team effectiveness will be stronger when the team’s mean score on conscientiousness level is high and diversity score on openness to experience is low. Another finding from this study is that team diversity scores on emotional stability and agreeableness interact with shared leadership in a complementary way; that is, the higher the diversity score, the better influence shared leadership has on team effectiveness.Practical implicationsFirst, this study provides policy implications for government agencies, foundations, and universities who provide support for start-ups in incubators. These institutions should know the importance of entrepreneurial team composition and team process to start-up performance and should provide entrepreneurial teams support in team development. Second, the study provides entrepreneurs with implications regarding team member selection.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to study the interaction between personality composition and shared leadership and its impact on new venture performance. These findings advance the literature on moderators of shared leadership by demonstrating that team personality composition on conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability, and agreeableness moderates the relationship between shared leadership and entrepreneurial team performance.