bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black carbon aerosol and its radiative impact at a high‐altitude remote site on the southeastern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhao Zhuzi , Wang Qiyuan , Xu Baiqing , Shen Zhenxing , Huang Rujin , Zhu Chongshu , Su Xiaoli , Zhao Shuyu , Long Xin , Liu Suixin , Cao Junji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAerosol black carbon (BC) was measured with an Aethalometer™ at Lulang, a high‐altitude station in southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), from July 2008 to August 2009. Daily mean BC loadings varied from 57.7 to 5368.9 ng m−3 (grand average ± standard deviation = 496.5 ± 521.2 ng m−3), indicating a significant BC burden even at free tropospheric altitudes. BC loadings were highest during the premonsoon and lowest during the monsoon, and peaks in BC were coincident with high atmospheric boundary layers. Daily peaks in BC occurred from 08:00 to 10:00 local time with minor fluctuations at other times. The BC mass absorption efficiency (MAE) was calculated from elemental carbon concentrations obtained from a thermal/optical reflectance method and absorption coefficients from the Aethalometer™, and values ranged from 6.1 to 31.7 m2 g−1 (average = 16.6 ± 5.7 m2 g−1). Strong variations in the MAEs during the monsoon can be ascribed to large uncertainties due to low BC and babs and possibly coatings on the BC. High MAEs during premonsoon pollution events were likely due to internal mixing during transport. The mean direct surface radiative forcing (DRF) estimated from a radiation model was −19.9 (±7.4) W m−2 for the full aerosol population and −3.9 (±1.8) W m−2 for a BC only scenario. The BC DRF during a case study (−36.0 W m−2) was much stronger than the typical, and the BC contribution to the forcing was higher (~50%) than usual (~20%). These results show that BC can at times account for a relatively large fraction of the aerosol surface heating over the southeast TP, which may affect both climate and hydrological cycles.
Acquired hemophilia A: Updated review of evidence and treatment guidance
Authors: Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Kempton Christine L. , Baudo Francesco , Collins Peter W. , Knoebl Paul , Leissinger Cindy A. , Tiede Andreas , Kessler Craig M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disease resulting from autoantibodies (inhibitors) against endogenous factor VIII (FVIII) that leads to bleeding, which is often spontaneous and severe. AHA tends to occur in elderly patients with comorbidities and is associated with high mortality risk from underlying comorbidities, bleeding, or treatment complications. Treatment, which consists of hemostatic management and eradication of the inhibitors, can be challenging to manage.Few data are available to guide the management of AHA‐related bleeding and eradication of the disease‐causing antibodies. Endorsed by the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society of North America, an international panel of experts in AHA analyzed key questions, reviewed the literature, weighed the evidence and formed a consensus to update existing guidelines.AHA is likely underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed in real‐world clinical practice. Recommendations for the management of AHA are summarized here based on the available data, integrated with the clinical experience of panel participants.
Metal‐Free Amine‐Mediated Oxidative Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles from Aryl Methyl Ketones, Ammonium Iodide or Benzylamine, and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Liu Chengkou , Yang Zhao , Zeng Yu , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐promoted amine‐mediated oxidative coupling reaction between aryl methyl ketones and ammonium iodide leading to (4 or 5)‐aryl‐2‐benzoyl‐imidazole analogs has been developed; these analogs show highly potent antiproliferative activity and can be further developed as promising antitumor agents. This methodology features a one‐step process, metal‐free conditions, high atom economy, good functional group tolerance, and the use of economic and simple starting materials and oxidant. Moreover, the reaction can be scaled up without significant decrease of the yield. Furthermore, 1,2,4‐trisubstituted imidazoles, which are synthetically and pharmaceutically valuable compounds, are produced in the presence of benzylamine. A reasonable mechanism is proposed based on some control experiments.
Chemoselective Cleavage of C(CO)−C Bond: Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolines through sp3 C−H Bond Functionalization of Aryl Methyl Ketones
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work, we report a chemoselective C(CO)−C bond cleavage of aryl methyl ketones in the presence of molecular iodine. The in situ generated keto aryl fragment combined with o‐aminobenzyl amines to give quinzolines through a C−H/N−H oxidative tandem cyclization. Various derivatives of quinazolines could be synthesized in good to excellent yields under transition‐metal‐ and additive‐free conditions.
Differences between biological and chronological age‐at‐death in human skeletal remains: A change of perspective
Authors: Couoh Lourdes R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis analysis seeks to determine whether differences between real and estimated chronological age (CA) with biological age (BA) in skeletal individuals reflect variability in aging.Material and methodsA total of 87 individuals of two samples, ranging from 20 to 94 years old, were analyzed. One, partially documented, belongs to a Mexican skeletal collection dating to the 20th century; the other is an assemblage of prehispanic individuals from different archaeological sites. In all specimens, the tooth annulation method (TCA) was applied to estimate CA, while—excluding individuals older than 80 years—auricular surface (AS) and pubic symphysis (PS) methods were used to estimate BA. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify correlations and significance of the differences between CA vs. TCA, CA vs. AS/PS, TCA vs. AS/PS. Sex of individuals was assessed for its influence in aging.ResultsThe use of TCA to estimate CA was successful for most individuals. A strong correlation was found between CA vs. TCA, CA vs. AS/PS, TCA vs. AS/PS and their differences were significant but variation in these were found when assessed by separate age groups. Sex did not influence such differences.DiscussionTCA can be used to estimate CA and its differences with BA, being less than 10 years, are similar to those found in living populations. Differences between CA and BA are due to intra‐population variability, which could be the consequence of individual differences in aging. More research is needed to have confidence that under‐ and overestimations of BA are indicators of aging variability at the level of the individual.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade sp2 C−H Functionalization/Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylation: From Aryl Ureas and 1,3‐Dienes to Chiral Indolines
Authors: Chen Shu‐Sen , Wu Min‐Song , Han Zhi‐Yong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA chiral PdII‐catalyzed cascade sp2 C−H functionalization/intramolecular asymmetric allylation reaction is reported. A new chiral sulfoxide–oxazoline (SOX) ligand bearing single chiral center on the sulfur was identified as the optimal ligand for the reaction, being efficient both in the C−H cleavage step and the stereocontrol of the allylation step. The broad scope of this method with respect to aryl ureas and 1,3‐dienes enables the rapid construction of valuable chiral indoline derivatives with high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield, up to 95:5 e.r.).
Total Synthesis of Aplydactone by a Conformationally Controlled C−H Functionalization
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Chen Renzhi , Shen Yang , Liang Zhanhao , Hua Yuhui , Zhang Yandong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA concise, protecting‐group‐free total synthesis of the unusual brominated sesquiterpene aplydactone is described. Our synthesis features a [2+2] photocycloaddition, a Wolff ring contraction, an unusual remote C−H functionalization to establish the highly strained tetracyclic core, and a hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) reaction to access the bromine‐containing stereocenter. A finely tuned conformation of the α‐diazoketone precursor is the key for the success of the late‐stage transannular C−H insertion to deliver a bridged six‐membered ring and a quaternary stereocenter (C6) between two quaternary carbon atoms (C1 and C7).
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Corymine
Authors: Zhang Benxiang , Wang Xiaoqing , Cheng Chao , Sun Deqian , Li Chaozhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the hexacyclic indole alkaloid (±)‐corymine is described. Starting from the readily available N‐protected tryptamine, the title compound was achieved in 21 steps in 3.4 % overall yield. Key steps of the synthesis include: a) the addition of a malonate to a 3‐bromooxindole to afford 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole, b) the formation of a 12‐membered cyclic enol ether by intramolecular O‐propargylation, immediately followed by propargyl Claisen rearrangement to provide the α‐allenyl ketone stereospecifically, c) DMDO oxidation to install a hydroxy group in a highly stereoselective manner, and d) the SmI2‐mediated reductive C−O bond cleavage to remove the α‐keto carboxyl group.
Ultrafast Delamination of Graphite into High‐Quality Graphene Using Alternating Currents
Authors: Yang Sheng , Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Liu Shaohua , Dong Renhao , Lohe Martin R. , Becker Alfons , Squillaci Marco A. , Samorì Paolo , Müllen Klaus , Feng Xinliang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo bridge the gap between laboratory‐scale studies and commercial applications, mass production of high quality graphene is essential. A scalable exfoliation strategy towards the production of graphene sheets is presented that has excellent yield (ca. 75 %, 1–3 layers), low defect density (a C/O ratio of 21.2), great solution‐processability, and outstanding electronic properties (a hole mobility of 430 cm2 V−1 s−1). By applying alternating currents, dual exfoliation at both graphite electrodes enables a high production rate exceeding 20 g h−1 in laboratory tests. As a cathode material for lithium storage, graphene‐wrapped LiFePO4 particles deliver a high capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate after 500 cycles.
Transformation of Rusty Stainless‐Steel Meshes into Stable, Low‐Cost, and Binder‐Free Cathodes for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Yun‐hai , Yin Yan‐bin , Yang Xu , Sun Tao , Wang Sai , Jiang Yin‐shan , Yan Jun‐min , Zhang Xin‐bo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo recycle rusty stainless‐steel meshes (RSSM) and meet the urgent requirement of developing high‐performance cathodes for potassium‐ion batteries (KIB), we demonstrate a new strategy to fabricate flexible binder‐free KIB electrodes via transformation of the corrosion layer of RSSM into compact stack‐layers of Prussian blue (PB) nanocubes (PB@SSM). When further coated with reduced graphite oxide (RGO) to enhance electric conductivity and structural stability, the low‐cost, stable, and binder‐free RGO@PB@SSM cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performances for KIB, including high capacity (96.8 mAh g−1), high discharge voltage (3.3 V), high rate capability (1000 mA g−1; 42 % capacity retention), and outstanding cycle stability (305 cycles; 75.1 % capacity retention).
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Nucleophilic Borylation of Aliphatic Ketones: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Chiral Tertiary α‐Hydroxyboronates
Authors: Kubota Koji , Osaki Shun , Jin Mingoo , Ito Hajime 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new method was developed for the first catalytic enantioselective borylation of aliphatic ketones. A variety of substrates reacted efficiently with bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of a copper(I)/chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene complex catalyst to furnish optically active tertiary α‐hydroxyboronates with moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 94 % ee). Notably, the product could be converted into the chiral tertiary alcohol derivative using a stereospecific boron functionalization process. The theoretical study of the mechanism for the enantioselectivity is also described.
Mizoroki–Heck Cyclizations of Amide Derivatives for the Introduction of Quaternary Centers
Authors: Medina Jose M. , Moreno Jesus , Racine Sophie , Du Shuaijing , Garg Neil K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report non‐decarbonylative Mizoroki–Heck reactions of amide derivatives. The transformation relies on the use of nickel catalysis and proceeds using sterically hindered tri‐ and tetrasubstituted olefins to give products containing quaternary centers. The resulting polycyclic or spirocyclic products can be obtained in good yields. Moreover, a diastereoselective variant of this method gives access to an adduct bearing vicinal, highly substituted sp3 stereocenters. These results demonstrate that amide derivatives can be used as building blocks for the assembly of complex scaffolds.
Mechanical Deformation Accelerates Protein Ageing
Authors: Valle‐Orero Jessica , Rivas‐Pardo Jaime Andrés , Tapia‐Rojo Rafael , Popa Ionel , Echelman Daniel J. , Haldar Shubhasis , Fernández Julio M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA hallmark of tissue ageing is the irreversible oxidative modification of its proteins. We show that single proteins, kept unfolded and extended by a mechanical force, undergo accelerated ageing in times scales of minutes to days. A protein forced to be continuously unfolded completely loses its ability to contract by folding, becoming a labile polymer. Ageing rates vary among different proteins, but in all cases they lose their mechanical integrity. Random oxidative modification of cryptic side chains exposed by mechanical unfolding can be slowed by the addition of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, or accelerated by oxidants. By contrast, proteins kept in the folded state and probed over week‐long experiments show greatly reduced rates of ageing. We demonstrate a novel approach whereby protein ageing can be greatly accelerated: the constant unfolding of a protein for hours to days is equivalent to decades of exposure to free radicals under physiological conditions.
Yttrium fumaropimarat as a novel heat stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Huang Qiliang 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTYttrium fumaropimarat (YFPA) was synthesized with fumaropimaric acid and yttrium acetate as raw materials. The structure of the product was analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis, and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that the product was amorphous state, three‐dimensional reticulation compound by the ionic bond of COO− and Y3+. The effect of YFPA on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) thermal stability was researched by means of Congo red method and heat oven aging method. The experimental results showed that YFPA was a good long‐term PVC thermal stabilizer and could greatly improve PVC thermal stability and initial stage stainability mixing calcium stearate, zinc stearate, and pentaerythrite. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45015.
Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 immobilization on porous PCL‐BCP‐Col composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Song Myeong‐Jin , Amirian Jhaleh , Linh Nguyen Thuy Ba , Lee Byong‐Taek 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to develop novel porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering through surface modification of polycaprolactone–biphasic calcium phosphate‐based composites (PCL–BCP). PCL–BCP composites were first fabricated with salt‐leaching method followed by aminolysis. Layer by layer (LBL) technique was then used to immobilize collagen (Col) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) on PCL–BCP scaffolds to develop PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 composite scaffold. The morphology of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of grafting of Col and BMP‐2 on composite scaffold was measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both XPS and FTIR confirmed that Col and BMP‐2 were successfully immobilized into PCL–BCP composites. MC3TC3‐E1 preosteoblasts cells were cultivated on composites to determine the effect of Col and BMP‐2 immobilization on cell viability and proliferation. PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 showed more cell attachment, cell viability, and proliferation bone factors compared to PCL–BCP‐Col composites. In addition, in vivo bone formation study using rat models showed that PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 composites had better bone formation than PCL–BCP‐Col scaffold in critical size defect with 4 weeks of duration. These results suggest that PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 composites can enhance bone regeneration in critical size defect in a rat model with 4 weeks of duration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45186.
Long‐term cost of spouses’ informal support for dependent midlife stroke survivors
Authors: Persson Josefine , Levin Lars‐Åke , Holmegaard Lukas , Redfors Petra , Svensson Mikael , Jood Katarina , Jern Christina , Blomstrand Christian , Forsberg‐Wärleby Gunilla 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesStroke is a major global disease that requires extensive care and support from society and relatives. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the long‐term informal support and to estimate the annual cost of informal support provided by spouses to their stroke surviving partner.MethodData were based on the 7‐year follow‐up of the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke. One‐third of the spouses stated that they provided support to their stroke surviving partner. The magnitude of the support was assessed with a study‐specific time‐diary and was estimated for independent and dependent stroke survivors based on the scores of the modified Rankin Scale. To deal with skewed data, a two‐part econometric model was used to estimate the annual cost of informal support.ResultCohabitant dyads of 221 stroke survivors aged <70 at stroke onset were included in the study. Spouses of independent stroke survivors (n = 188) provided on average 0.15 hr/day of practical support and 0.48 hr/day of being available. Corresponding figures for spouses of dependent stroke survivors (n = 33) were 5.00 regarding practical support and 9.51 regarding being available. The mean annual cost of informal support provided for independent stroke survivors was estimated at €991 and €25,127 for dependent stroke survivor.ConclusionThe opportunity cost of informal support provided to dependent midlife stroke survivors is of a major magnitude many years after stroke onset and should be considered in economic evaluations of health care.
Hybrid modeling of multiphysical processes for particle‐based volcano animation
Authors: Zhang Shenfan , Kong Fanlong , Li Chen , Wang Changbo , Qin Hong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany complex natural phenomena with dramatic spatial and temporal variation are difficult to animate accurately with anticipated performance in many graphics tasks and applications, because oftentimes in prior art, a single type of physical process could not afford high fidelity and effective scene production. Volcano eruption and its subsequent interaction with earth is one such complicated phenomenon that must depend on multiphysical processes and their tight coupling. This paper documents a novel and effective particle‐based solution for volcano animation that embraces multiphysical processes and their tight unification. First, we introduce a governing physical model consisting of multiphysical processes enabling flexible state transition among solid, fluid, and gas. This computational physics model is dictated by temperature and accommodates dynamic viscosity that is changing according to the temperature. Second, we propose an augmented smoothed particle hydrodynamics as the underlying numerical model to simulate the behavior of lava and smoke with several required physical attributes. Third, multiphysical quantities are tightly coupled to support the interaction with surroundings including fluid–solid coupling, ground friction, and lava–smoke coupling. We also develop a temperature‐directed rendering technique with nearly no extra computational cost and demonstrate realistic graphics effects of volcano eruption and its interaction with earth with visual appeal.
Feedback control of fire simulation based on computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Sato Syuhei , Mizutani Keisuke , Dobashi Yoshinori , Nishita Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVisual simulation of fire plays an important role in many applications, such as movies and computer games. In these applications, artists are often requested to synthesize realistic fire with a particular behavior. To meet such requirement, we present a feedback control method for fire simulations. The user can design the shape of fire by placing a set of control points. Our method generates a force field and automatically adjusts a temperature at a fire source, based on user specified control points. Experimental results show that our method can control the fire shape.
Visual simulation of rapidly freezing water based on crystallization
Authors: Im Jaeho , Kim Jong‐Hyun , Kim Wook , Park Nuri , Kim Taehyeong , Kim Young Bin , Lee Jung , Kim Chang‐Hun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe propose a physics‐inspired simulation framework that expresses visual effects of flowing water frozen in glaze or directional icicles. The proposed ice model considers the direction of the water flow, which affects the growth of icicles. Water dynamics are computed using a conventional particle‐based simulation. Ice glaze and directional icicles are generated by incorporating our freezing solver. To determine whether a water particle is converted into ice or remains liquid, we compute the nucleation energy based on the humidity and water flow. The humidity is approximated as a virtual water film on object surfaces. The water flow is incorporated by introducing a growth direction vector to guide the direction of icicle growth. Ice‐generating regions can be controlled using 3‐D modeling tools such as Autodesk Maya or 3DS Max. Experiments showed that a realistic ice glaze was created on the surfaces of objects and that icicles grew in the direction of the water flow.
Bisphenol A triggers proliferation and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via GPER mediated upregulation of IL‐6
Authors: Li Shisheng , Wang Bin , Tang Qinglai , Liu Jiajia , Yang Xinming 
Published: May 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) can be accumulated into the human body via food intake and inhalation. Numerous studies indicated that BPA can trigger the tumorigenesis and progression of cancer cells. Laryngeal cancer cells can be exposed to BPA directly via food digestion, while there were very limited data concerning the effect of BPA on the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our present study revealed that nanomolar BPA can trigger the proliferation of LSCC cells. Bisphenol A also increased the in vitro migration and invasion of LSCC cells and upregulated the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 2. Among various chemokines tested, the expression of IL‐6 was significantly increased in LSCC cells treated with BPA for 24 hours. Neutralization antibody of IL‐6 or si–IL‐6 can attenuate BPA‐induced proliferation and migration of LSCC cells. Targeted inhibition of G protein–coupled estrogen receptor, while not estrogen receptor (ERα), abolished BPA‐induced IL‐6 expression, proliferation, and migration of LSCC cells. The increased IL‐6 can further activate its downstream signal molecule STAT3, which was evidenced by the results of increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, while si–IL‐6 and si‐GPER can both reverse BPA‐induced activation of STAT3. Collectively, our present study revealed that BPA can trigger the progression of LSCC via GPER‐mediated upregulation of IL‐6. Therefore, more attention should be paid for the BPA exposure on the development of laryngeal cancer.