bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits and Wood Density in Eucalyptus grandis Progenies Planted in Argentina
Authors: Hernández J. J. Vargas , Upton J. López , Valverde G. Ramirez , Harrand L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo determine the genetic parameters of growth traits and wood density (estimated by Pilodyn penetration) in a population of Eucalyptus grandis formed by families from 11 seed origins in NE Queensland, Australia and a local land race, 8.5-year-old progenies established in three sites in NE Argentina were evaluated. Local trees exhibited higher growth rate at two sites and better stem form, but also deeper Pilodyn penetration, at all sites; thus, there is potential to infuse new genetic variation into the current breeding population in the region. A significant amount of genetic variation was found for all traits assessed, with growth traits [diameter (DBH), height (HT) and volume (VOL)] showing different genetic structure and degree of genetic control as compared to stem straightness (FORM), bark thickness (BARK) and Pilodyn penetration (PILO). The effect of origin was negligible for growth traits while it was important for the other traits, so it should be considered in the selection strategy; in addition, individual heritability for growth traits (0.11-0.16 in the combined analyses) was generally lower than for the other traits (0.20-0.35). Genetic correlations between sites for all traits were high enough to indicate that genotype-environment interaction would not affect the selection program by using a single breeding population for this region. Genetic correlations between growth traits were high (rg > 0.80), and negligible between these and FORM; the only unfavorable genetic correlation was between PILO and BARK (rg = -0.44). Age-age correlations for growth traits and FORM were very high (rg > 0.90). Results suggest that all traits evaluated could be handled in a breeding program, either independently or combined, without negative correlated effects. Early selection for growth traits and stem form is also possible, with major savings in time.
Genetic Diversity in Kenyan Populations of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Based on ISSR Markers
Authors: Chiveu Chemulanga Josiah , Dangasuk O. G. , Omunyin M. E. , Wachira F. N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcacia senegal (L.) Willd is an African arid and semi arid zones, leguminous multipurpose tree species belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae, family Fabaceae and subgenus Aculeiferum, highly valued for gum arabic production. Patterns of genetic diversity of this important species in Kenya have not been studied for efficiency of germplasm utilization, conservation and improvement. Four natural populations of A. senegal in Kenya (Bulla Sambul, Kutulo, Wamba and Meisori) were analyzed to estimate genetic variation among and within populations, by use of ISSR (Inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. Using five primers, 17 polymorphic loci were observed, ranging in size from 564bp to 983bp. A high mean total genetic diversity index for the species was observed (H= 0.27). The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the 95 samples from the four populations showed that about 40.75% of the total variation was described by the first two axes with much overlap among populations; hence populations were not defined on the basis of geographic distance. Much of the genetic variation resided within the populations based on the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.0573) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) (95%). It was therefore recommended that selection for the desired important economic traits for improvement and conservation should emphasize on individual trees within populations rather than among populations, and also ensure a comprehensive coverage of the entire ecological amplitude of the populations.
Growth Rhythm Parameters as Components of Hybrid Vigour in Young Seedlings of Hybrid Larch (Larix decidua x L. kaempferi)
Authors: Pâques Luc E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Heterosis for growth traits was investigated on 2-yrold seedlings from related intra- and inter-specific progenies collected in hybridisation seed orchards combining Larix decidua (EL) and L. kaempferi (JL). Following taxa identification, seedlings phenology and growth were observed over a complete growing season in two experiments. Start, cessation, duration and rates of growth for the different taxa were explored in relation to hybrid vigour. Variable levels of heterosis were observed, depending on the genetic background of the parental species, the species over which superiority was evaluated, environmental conditions and the traits considered. While significant and consistent differences have been observed between hybrids and their related EL progenies for phenological growth traits, a better timing of the growth rhythm over the growing season together with a greater growth efficiency allowed for a consistently positive heterosis over EL. The situation appeared more complex with JL as heterosis could be either positive or negative. Besides the high variation in heterosis levels, the way heterosis for height built up over the growing season seemed also to be variable according to genetic backgrounds: cumulative constant superiority of the hybrid for growth rhythms along the growing season or greater growth rates during discrete periods of time.
Estimation of Clonal Variation in Seed Cone Production Over Time in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seed Orchard
Authors: Kroon Johan , Wennström Ulfstand , Prescher Finnvid , Lindgren Dag , Mullin Tim J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Possibilities for early selection of clones for future seed cone production were studied in a clonal seed orchard of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Sweden over the first 30 years following establishment. The annual data were modelled as series of bivariate analyses. The correlations between cone production of clones in any individual year and that of a previous year, and cumulative cone production over all years were studied. The corresponding multivariate analysis for a full data fit simultaneously was best estimated with a genetic distance-based power model (AR). The genetic (variation among clones) and environmental variation were of the same magnitude. The genetic correlations were larger than the phenotypic correlations and both increased with orchard age. Basing selection of clones on a single observation at an early age to improve future cone production was not effective, but efficiency increased if cumulative cone count over many years was used. Year-to-year genetic correlations indicated that early forecasts by clone of cone production at mature ages are highly uncertain. Reliable predictions (moderate correlations) could be achieved only if based on rather mature grafts, 14 or more years after establishment.
Characterization of Juglans nigra (L.), Juglans regia (L.) and Juglans x intermedia (Carr.) by SSR markers: a case study in Italy
Authors: Pollegioni P. , Woeste K. , Major A. , Mugnozza G. Scarascia , Malvolti Maria Emilia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Juglans nigra and Juglans regia are economically important species in Europe, Asia and North America. Natural hybrids between the two species, known as Juglans x intermedia (Carr), are valued for timber production. We tested ten nuclear microsatellite markers to (1) identify new J. x intermedia hybrids and characterize their parentage species J. regia and J. nigra (2) detect J. nigra genotypes with a spontaneous crossing ability with J. regia in a mixed Italian population. This study was also designed to confirm the transferability of ten black walnut SSR loci to Persian walnut All ten microsatellites amplified in both species, producing fragments of variable size; eight (7.14%) were common, 68 (60.7%) amplified in J. nigra and 36 (32.1%) in J. regia only (private alleles). Indices of genetic diversity revealed high level of variability. The Principal Coordinate Analysis on the basis of total 112 alleles divided the total sample set into three main groups: J. nigra, J. regia and J. x intermedia hybrids. Performing the microsatellite fingerprinting, a triploid hybrid plant with two genome parts of J. nigra and one part of J. regia was identified. The cytological analysis proved this triploid state showing 48 somatic chromosomes. The mother testing analysis of the 7 diploid hybrids by exclusion method indicated one putative hybridogenic mother plants. The sequence analysis of amplified fragments confirmed the cross-species amplification of SSR. Inter-specific differences between alleles were due not only to simple changes in the number of repeats but also to mutations in the flanking regions.
Determining the Optimal Age For Selection by Modelling the Age-Related Trends in Genetic Parameters in Eucalyptus Hybrid Populations
Authors: Bouvet Jean-Marc , Vigneron P. , Villar E. , Saya A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTen factorial mating designs using a combined total of 88 females, 107 males, 684 families and 37,206 individual trees were used to model the age-related trends in genetic parameters and genetic gain between four and 65 months in the Eucalyptus urophylla x grandis breeding population in Republic of Congo. Selection was either of pure species (as parents for continued breeding) or individual hybrids for commercial plantations based on clonal varieties. The variance components were significantly different from zero for female, male and female-by-male interaction effects for volume. The age-related trends in additive, dominance and environmental variances, modelled by nonlinear functions, showed three phases corresponding to different stages of competition and growth. Male and female narrow sense heritabilities were high (h2 Am= 0.70 and h2 Af = 0.90, respectively for highest estimates) compared with individual broad sense heritability (h2 ind= 0.45). They were modelled by polynomial functions that did not display specific trends with age. The age-age correlations, modelled by a response surface, were higher than 0.8 after 36 months. A similar trend with age was observed for additive and total genetic effects. Genetic gain was calculated by combining the different models. The genetic gain was higher for female than for male. Considerable gains can be achieved by clone selection. The efficiency of selection indicated an optimal age of 54 months for juvenile selection of males and females and a mature age for ortets. The trend in efficiency of selection per time unit showed that juvenile selection for volume is much more efficient than adult selection whatever the age.
Genetic Parameters and Genotype by Environment Interactions for Green and Basic Density and Stiffness of Pinus radiata D. Don Estimated Using Acoustics
Authors: Wielinga B. , Raymond C. A. , James R. , Matheson A. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGenetic parameters and genotype by environment interactions for wood properties of 13-year-old Pinus radiata were determined by sampling two progeny trials on contrasting sites in the southern slopes of New South Wales, Australia. Heritability of green and basic density were determined together with dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) measured using TreeTap. The phenotypic variance in MOE (CV 17-18%) was almost three times that of basic density. MOE and basic density were highly heritable at both sites (h2 0.57 & 0.79 for MOE & 0.59 and 0.85 for density). There was a moderately strong genetic correlation between MOE and basic density (0.64 across-sites). No genotype x environment interaction was detected in MOE or basic density. Basic density and MOE were lower on the warmer, lower rainfall site.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Jatropha curcas: Factors Affecting Transient Transformation Efficiency and Morphology Analysis of Transgenic Calli
Authors: He Yang , Pasapula Vijaya , Li Xiang , Lu Ran , Niu Bei , Hou Pei , Wang Yi , Xu Ying , Chen Fang Chen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An efficient system for Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation of Jatropha curcas was developed in this study. Several factors affecting the transformation efficiency were optimized, including the explant type, preculture and coculture periods, usage of acetosyringone and density of A. tumefaciens. Compared with other explants, 2-day precultured and cocultured hypocotyl explants showed a significant GUS transient expression efficiency (67.7%). Moreover, adding AS showed a remarkable increase in transformation efficiency. After infecting with A. tumefaciens, hypocotyl explants were subjected to expansion and proliferation on MS medium with 1.0 mg· l-1 IBA and 0.5 mg· l-1 BA. Transformants were demonstrated by the GUS assay and PCR analysis. Rate of hypocotyl explants forming resistant calli reached 67.08%. Furthermore, in the transformed calli development, morphologic changes (calli superficial development and internal structure) were observed by SEM and LM. The present study has provided a fundamental information and research approach for the future study of inducing new traits to J. curcas and genetic modification.
Genetic Variation Amongst and Within The Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 1. Growth and form to age 26 years
Authors: Raymond Carolyn A. , Henson M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Four hundred and sixty individual families of Pinus radiata, representing all provenances and populations in a 1978 seed collection, plus a local seed orchard control, were planted together in 1980 in a large trial in southern New South Wales, Australia. Provenance means and genetic parameters for growth measured at ages 3, 8 and 26 years plus stem straightness, branch angle and nodality at age 26 years are reported. Large provenance differences were apparent for all traits. The two island provenances, Cedros and Guadalupe, were significantly inferior to the mainland provenances and, due to competition effects, very few trees survived to age 26. Within the mainland provenances, the performance of Año Nuevo and Monterey was almost identical, with Cambria being less vigorous. The best performing seedlot for all traits was the local control. Differences between populations within the mainland provenances were apparent for diameter at age 26 within Año Nuevo and Cambria but not Monterey. Año Nuevo also showed population differences for stem straightness. Heritabilities for early growth were similar within Año Nuevo and Monterey but by age 26, the heritability for diameter was higher in Monterey. Within Cambria, heritabilities for growth and tree form at age 26 were close to zero. Genetic correlations between traits showed similar patterns for each of the mainland provenances, with the exception of correlations with stem straightness within Año Nuevo. Results are discussed in light of recent molecular studies of genetic architecture, levels of inbreeding in the native stands and possible effects of this inbreeding.
The Effects of Drying Temperature and Method of Assessment on the Expression of Genetic Variation in Gross Shrinkage of Eucalyptus globulus Wood Samples
Authors: Hamilton Matthew G. , Harwood C. E. , Potts B. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGenetic variation in wood-sample gross shrinkage and basic density was examined in a Eucalyptus globulus base population trial growing in Tasmania, Australia. Gross shrinkage, which includes all components of shrinkage including collapse, was assessed in four ways (calliper- and visually-assessed tangential shrinkage, volumetric shrinkage and radial shrinkage) on samples dried at three temperatures (22°C, 60°C and 105°C). Significant differences between subraces were observed using all measures of gross shrinkage for two or more of the three drying treatments. Furthermore, significant additive genetic variation within subraces was observed in calliper- and visually-assessed gross shrinkage under two or more of the drying treatments, with narrowsense heritabilities greater than or equal to 0.35. There was no obvious trend in heritabilities or coefficients of additive genetic variation with drying temperature. Under the 105°C drying treatment, subrace correlations among calliper-, visually- and volume-assessed gross shrinkage were positive and very strong (≥ 0.97), while these measures were less strongly correlated with radial gross shrinkage at the subrace level (≤ 0.77). Withinsubrace genetic correlations among the first three measures were also strongly positive (≥ 0.95). These high genetic correlations suggest that different drying regimes and the calliper, visual and volume methods of assessment could be used interchangeably to select for reduced tangential gross shrinkage. Estimated subrace and genetic correlations between basic density and measures of gross shrinkage were universally negative (i.e. favourable), although not all were significantly different to zero.
Evaluation of Pollen Contamination in an Advanced Scots Pine Seed Orchard
Authors: Torimaru T. , Wang Xiao-Ru , Fries A. , Andersson B. , Lindgren D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe pollination pattern in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed orchard consisting of 28 clones was studied using nine microsatellite (SSR) loci. The nine SSR loci produced unique multilocus genotypes for each of the orchard’s 28 clones and allowed paternal assignment of the studied 305 seed using paternity exclusion probability of 99.9%. Fifty two percent of the studied seeds were sired by outside the orchard pollen sources (i.e., pollen contamination) and as expected, low selfing (2.3%) was detected. These results are valuable for the evaluation of the seed orchard function and the impact of contamination on the expected genetic gain.
Effects of Two Training Modalities on Body Fat and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Henríquez Sandra , Monsalves-Alvarez Matías , Jimenez Teresa , Barrera Gladys , Hirsch Sandra , de la Maza María Pia , Leiva Laura , Rodriguez Juan Manuel , Silva Claudio , Bunout Daniel 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Henríquez, S, Monsalves-Alvarez, M, Jimenez, T, Barrera, G, Hirsch, S, de la Maza, MP, Leiva, L, Rodriguez, JM, Silva, C, and Bunout, D. Effects of two training modalities on body fat and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2955–2964, 2017—Our objective was to compare the effects of a low-load circuit resistance training protocol and usual aerobic training in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with at least 1 feature of the metabolic syndrome were randomly allocated to a low-load circuit resistance training protocol or traditional aerobic training in a braked cycle ergometer. The intervention consisted in supervised sessions lasting 40 minutes, 3 times per week, during 6 months. At baseline and at the end of the intervention, fasting serum lipid levels, serum interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, 8 isoprostanes, and insulin resistance (assessed through QUICKI and HOMA-IR) were measured. Body fat was measured by double-beam X-ray absorptiometry and by computed tomography densitometric quantification at lumbar 3 vertebral level. Twenty-one women aged 58 (54–59) years were allocated to aerobic training and 21 women aged 55 (52–61) years were allocated to the low-load circuit resistance training protocol. Eighteen and 16 women in each group completed the 6 months training period. Women in both groups experienced significant reductions in blood pressure, total body, subcutaneous, and intraabdominal body fat. Reductions in total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were also observed. No changes in insulin resistance indexes, 8 isoprostanes, C-reactive protein, or interleukin 6 were observed in either group. No significant differences between treatment groups were observed in any of the measured parameters. We conclude that low-load circuit resistance training and aerobic training resulted in the same reductions in body fat and serum lipid levels.
Inhibiting Production of New Brain Cells during Puberty or Adulthood Blunts the Hormonally Induced Surge of Luteinizing Hormone in Female Rats
Authors: Mohr Margaret A. , DonCarlos Lydia L. , Sisk Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew cells are added during both puberty and adulthood to hypothalamic regions that govern reproduction, homeostasis, and social behaviors, yet the functions of these late-born cells remain elusive. Here, we pharmacologically inhibited cell proliferation in ventricular zones during puberty or in adulthood and determined subsequent effects on the hormone-induced surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in female rats. Initial neuroanatomical analyses focused on verifying incorporation, activation, and pharmacological inhibition of pubertally or adult born cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the hypothalamus because of the essential role of the AVPV in triggering the preovulatory LH surge in females. We first showed that approximately half of the pubertally born AVPV cells are activated by estradiol plus progesterone (P) treatment, as demonstrated by Fos expression, and that approximately 10% of pubertally born AVPV cells express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Next, we found that mitotic inhibition through intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside (AraC), whether during puberty or in adulthood, decreased the number of new cells added to the AVPV and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and also blunted and delayed the hormone-induced LH surge. These studies do not prove, but are highly suggestive, that ongoing postnatal addition of new cells in periventricular brain regions, including the AVPV and SCN, may be important to the integrity of female reproduction.