bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised safety promotion intervention trial among low-income families with toddlers
Authors: Wang Yan , Gielen Andrea C , Magder Laurence S , Hager Erin R , Black Maureen M 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundToddler-aged children are vulnerable to unintentional injuries, especially those in low-income families.ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in social cognitive theory (SCT) on the reduction of home safety problems among low-income families with toddlers.Methods277 low-income mother–toddler dyads were randomised into a safety promotion intervention (n=91) or an attention-control group (n=186). Mothers in the safety promotion intervention group received an eight-session, group-delivered safety intervention targeting fire prevention, fall prevention, poison control and car seat use, through health education, goal-setting and social support. Data collectors observed participants' homes and completed a nine-item checklist of home safety problems at study enrolment (baseline), 6 and 12 months after baseline. A total score was summed, with high scores indicating more problems. Linear mixed models compared the changes over time in home safety problems between intervention and control groups.ResultsThe intent-to-treat analysis indicated that the safety promotion intervention group significantly reduced safety problems to a greater degree than the attention-control group at the 12-month follow-up (between-group difference in change over time β=−0.54, 95% CI −0.05 to −1.03, p=0.035), with no significant differences at the 6-month follow-up.ConclusionsA safety promotion intervention built on principles of SCT has the potential to promote toddlers' home safety environment. Future studies should examine additional strategies to determine whether better penetration/compliance can produce more clinically important improvement in home safety practices.Trial registration numberNCT02615158; post-results.
Intravascular donor monocytes play a central role in lung transplant ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Tatham Kate Colette , O'Dea Kieran Patrick , Romano Rosalba , Donaldson Hannah Elizabeth , Wakabayashi Kenji , Patel Brijesh Vipin , Thakuria Louit , Simon Andre Rudiger , Sarathchandra Padmini ,   Harefield POPSTAR investigators,, Marczin Nandor , Takata Masao 
Published: April 2017

RationalePrimary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients derives from the initial, largely leukocyte-dependent, ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Intravascular lung-marginated monocytes have been shown to play key roles in experimental acute lung injury, but their contribution to lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury post transplantation is unknown.ObjectiveTo define the role of donor intravascular monocytes in lung transplant-related acute lung injury and primary graft dysfunction.MethodsIsolated perfused C57BL/6 murine lungs were subjected to warm ischaemia (2 hours) and reperfusion (2 hours) under normoxic conditions. Monocyte retention, activation phenotype and the effects of their depletion by intravenous clodronate-liposome treatment on lung inflammation and injury were determined. In human donor lung transplant samples, the presence and activation phenotype of monocytic cells (low side scatter, 27E10+, CD14+, HLA-DR+, CCR2+) were evaluated by flow cytometry and compared with post-implantation lung function.ResultsIn mouse lungs following ischaemia-reperfusion, substantial numbers of lung-marginated monocytes remained within the pulmonary microvasculature, with reduced L-selectin and increased CD86 expression indicating their activation. Monocyte depletion resulted in reductions in lung wet:dry ratios, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, and perfusate levels of RAGE, MIP-2 and KC, while monocyte repletion resulted in a partial restoration of the injury. In human lungs, correlations were observed between pre-implantation donor monocyte numbers/their CD86 and TREM-1 expression and post-implantation lung dysfunction at 48 and 72 hours.ConclusionsThese results indicate that lung-marginated intravascular monocytes are retained as a ‘passenger’ leukocyte population during lung transplantation, and play a key role in the development of transplant-associated ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Paris polyphyllaSuppresses Proliferation and Vasculogenic Mimicry of Human Osteosarcoma Cells and Inhibits Tumor GrowthIn Vivo
Authors: Yao Nan , Ren Ke , Wang Yimin , Jin Qiaomei , Lu Xiao , Lu Yan , Jiang Cuihua , Zhang Dongjian , Lu Jun , Wang Chen , Huo Jiege , Chen Yong , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2017

Paris polyphylla, a traditional antipyretic-detoxicate chinese medicinal herb, has been applied extensively in cancer treatments for nearly 2000 years. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potential anti-osteosarcoma effects of Paris polyphylla ethanol extract (PPEE) and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. The antiproliferation activity of PPEE was tested on 143B, MG-63, U-2 OS and hFOB1.19 cells using MTT assay. The pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of PPEE were confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. The antimigratory, anti-invasive and antivasculogenic mimicry (VM) effects of PPEE were investigated by wound healing, Transwell and 3D culture assays. Mouse xenograft model was used to examine its anti-osteosarcoma efficacy in vivo. Hematologic profiles and hepatorenal functions were evaluated to assess the toxicity of PPEE. PPEE evidently suppressed cell proliferation of 143B, MG-63 and U-2 OS with IC50 values of 10–60[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL, but showed little cytotoxicity against normal osteoblastic cell. PPEE promoted apoptosis in 143B cell via caspase activation, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and PARP cleavage. It also induced G2/M phase arrest associated with elevated phosphorylation of CDK1, Cdc25C, Chk2 and down-regulation of cyclin B1, CDK1, Cdc25C expression. Additionally, PPEE inhibited 143B cell migration, invasion and VM formation at noncytotoxic concentrations through decreasing the expression of FAK, Mig-7, MMP2 and MMP9. Finally, daily oral administration of PPEE for four weeks exhibits potent antitumor and anti-VM activity in 143B xenograft model with low toxicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated PPEE possesses anti-osteosarcoma and anti-VM activity in vitro and in vivo, and therefore is a potential candidate for osteosarcoma treatment.
Proteomic Analysis and Functional Studies of Baicalin on Proteins Associated with Skin Cancer
Authors: Li Dan , Lin Bingjiang , Yusuf Nabiha , Burns Erin M. , Yu Xiuqin , Luo Dan , Min Wei 
Published: April 2017

Abundant evidence supports the key role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in skin cancer development. The human skin, especially the epidermal layer, is the main defense against UV radiation. Baicalin is a major bioactive component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a plant which has been found to exhibit antitumor activity. The anticarcinogenic mechanism of baicalin is not completely understood. We have reported that baicalin inhibited UVB-induced photo-damage and apoptosis in HaCaT cells (human skin keratinocytes). The aim of the present study is to investigate the cellular gene targets responsible for baicalin’s antitumor activity by performing two-dimensional electrophoresis liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (2-DE LC-MS/MS) with HaCaT cells following UVB and baicalin exposure. Two-DE for protein separation was performed, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and database searches. Nucleophosmin (NPM)-specific siRNA was designed and synthesized, and the small interfering RNA was transfected into skin squamous cancer A431 cells to knockdown the NPM expression. Proliferation and cell cycle status were assessed by CCK8 and flow cytometric analyses, respectively. We have identified 38 protein spots that are differentially expressed in HaCaT cells exposed to baicalin and/or UVB irradiation These proteins are involved in detoxification, proliferation, metabolism, cytoskeleton and motility. In particular, we found several proteins that have been linked to tumor progression and resistance, such as NPM. Baicalin treatment reduced the cellular proliferation rate and induced arrest during the S-phase of the cell cycle in A431 cells. NPM1 silencing significantly enhanced the effect of baicalin. Our data indicated that baicalin results in the significant inhibition of tumor growth in the A431 cell line, which may be associated with the regulation of the NPM gene expression.
Anterior cerebral blood velocity and end-tidal CO2 responses to exercise differ in children and adults
Authors: Ellis Lindsay A. , Ainslie Philip N. , Armstrong Victoria A. , Morris Laura E. , Simair Ryan G. , Sletten Nathan R. , Tallon Christine M. , McManus Ali M. 
Published: April 2017

Little is known about the response of the cerebrovasculature to acute exercise in children and how these responses might differ with adults. Therefore, we compared changes in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAVmean), end-tidal Pco2 ([Formula: see text]), blood pressure, and minute ventilation (V̇e) in response to incremental exercise between children and adults. Thirteen children [age: 9 ± 1 (SD) yr] and thirteen sex-matched adults (age: 25 ± 4 yr) completed a maximal exercise test, during which MCAVmean, [Formula: see text], and V̇e were measured continuously. These variables were measured at rest, at exercise intensities specific to individual ventilatory thresholds, and at maximum. Although MCAVmean was higher at rest in children compared with adults, there were smaller increases in children (1–12%) compared with adults (12–25%) at all exercise intensities. There were alterations in [Formula: see text] with exercise intensity in an age-dependent manner [ F(2.5,54.5) = 7.983, P < 0.001; η2 = 0.266], remaining stable in children with increasing exercise intensity (37–39 mmHg; P > 0.05) until hyperventilation-induced reductions following the respiratory compensation point. In adults, [Formula: see text] increased with exercise intensity (36–45 mmHg, P < 0.05) until the ventilatory threshold. From the ventilatory threshold to maximum, adults showed a greater hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia than children. These findings show that the relative increase in MCAVmean during exercise was attenuated in children compared with adults. There was also a weaker relationship between MCAVmean and [Formula: see text] during exercise in children, suggesting that cerebral perfusion may be regulated by different mechanisms during exercise in the child. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These findings provide the first direct evidence that exercise increases cerebral blood flow in children to a lesser extent than in adults. Changes in end-tidal CO2 parallel changes in cerebral perfusion in adults but not in children, suggesting age-dependent regulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow during exercise.
Spermidine Prolongs Lifespan and Prevents Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating MAP1S-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Yue Fei , Li Wenjiao , Zou Jing , Jiang Xianhan , Xu Guibin , Huang Hai , Liu Leyuan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have worldwide impact but continue to lack safe, low cost, and effective treatments. In this study, we show how the simple polyamine spermidine can relieve cancer cell defects in autophagy, which trigger oxidative stress–induced cell death and promote liver fibrosis and HCC. We found that the autophagic marker protein LC3 interacted with the microtubule-associated protein MAP1S, which positively regulated autophagy flux in cells. MAP1S stability was regulated in turn by its interaction with the histone deacetylase HDAC4. Notably, MAP1S-deficient mice exhibited a 20% reduction in median survival and developed severe liver fibrosis and HCC under stress. Wild-type mice or cells treated with spermidine exhibited a relative increase in MAP1S stability and autophagy signaling via depletion of cytosolic HDAC4. Extending recent evidence that orally administered spermidine can extend lifespan in mice, we determined that life extension of up to 25% can be produced by lifelong administration, which also reduced liver fibrosis and HCC foci as induced by chemical insults. Genetic investigations established that these observed impacts of oral spermidine administration relied upon MAP1S-mediated autophagy. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the administration of oral spermidine to prevent liver fibrosis and HCC and potentially extend lifespan. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2938–51. ©2017 AACR.
Empagliflozin and Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Zinman Bernard , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Lachin John M. , Wanner Christoph , Fitchett David , Kohler Sven , Mattheus Michaela , Woerle Hans J. , Broedl Uli C. , Johansen Odd Erik , Albers Gregory W. , Diener Hans Christoph 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients), empagliflozin added to standard of care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular risk reduced the risk of 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events, driven by a reduction in cardiovascular mortality, with no significant difference between empagliflozin and placebo in risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. In a modified intent-to-treat analysis, the hazard ratio for stroke was 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.56;
P
=0.26). We further investigated cerebrovascular events.

Methods—
Patients were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo; 7020 patients were treated. Median observation time was 3.1 years.

Results—

The numeric difference in stroke between empagliflozin and placebo in the modified intent-to-treat analysis was primarily because of 18 patients in the empagliflozin group with a first event >90 days after last intake of study drug (versus 3 on placebo). In a sensitivity analysis based on events during treatment or ≤90 days after last dose of drug, the hazard ratio for stroke with empagliflozin versus placebo was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.45;
P
=0.60). There were no differences in risk of recurrent, fatal, or disabling strokes, or transient ischemic attack, with empagliflozin versus placebo. Patients with the largest increases in hematocrit or largest decreases in systolic blood pressure did not have an increased risk of stroke.

Conclusions—
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular risk, there was no significant difference in the risk of cerebrovascular events with empagliflozin versus placebo.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01131676.
Nongated Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiograms for Detection of Embolic Sources in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yeo Leonard L.L. , Holmin Staffan , Andersson Tommy , Lundström Erik , Gopinathan Anil , Lim Er Luen , Leong Benjamin S.H. , Kuan Win Sen , Ting Eric , Tan Benjamin Y.Q. , Eide Sterling Ellis , Tay Edgar L.K. 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

We assessed the feasibility of obtaining diagnostic quality images of the heart and thoracic aorta by extending the
z
axis coverage of a non–ECG-gated computed tomographic angiogram performed in the primary evaluation of acute stroke without increasing the contrast dose.

Methods—
Twenty consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke within the 4.5 hours of symptom onset were prospectively recruited. We increased the longitudinal coverage to the domes of the diaphragm to include the heart. Contrast administration (Omnipaque 350) remained unchanged (injected at 3–4 mL/s; total 60–80 mL, triggered by bolus tracking). Images of the heart and aorta, reconstructed at 5 mm slice thickness in 3 orthogonal planes, were read by a radiologist and cardiologist, findings conveyed to the treating neurologist, and correlated with the transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiogram performed within the next 24 hours.

Results—
Of 20 patients studied, 3 (15%) had abnormal findings: a left ventricular thrombus, a Stanford type A aortic dissection, and a thrombus of the left atrial appendage. Both thrombi were confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, and anticoagulation was started urgently the following day. None of the patients developed contrast-induced nephropathy on follow-up. The radiation dose was slightly increased from a mean of 4.26 mSV (range, 3.88–4.70 mSV) to 5.17 (range, 3.95 to 6.25 mSV).

Conclusions—
Including the heart and ascending aorta in a routine non–ECG-gated computed tomographic angiogram enhances an existing imaging modality, with no increased incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and minimal increase in radiation dose. This may help in the detection of high-risk cardiac and aortic sources of embolism in acute stroke patients.
Encoding of Predictable and Unpredictable Stimuli by Inferior Temporal Cortical Neurons
Authors: Kumar Susheel , Kaposvari Peter , Vogels Rufin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Animals and humans learn statistical regularities that are embedded in sequences of stimuli. The neural mechanisms of such statistical learning are still poorly understood. Previous work in macaque inferior temporal (IT) cortex demonstrated suppressed spiking activity to visual images of a sequence in which the stimulus order was defined by transitional probabilities (labeled as “standard” sequence), compared with a sequence in which the stimulus order was random (“random” sequence). Here, we asked whether IT neurons encode the images of the standard sequence more accurately compared with images of the random sequence. Previous human fMRI studies in different sensory modalities also found a suppressed response to expected relative to unexpected stimuli but obtained various results regarding the effect of expectation on encoding, with one study reporting an improved classification accuracy of expected stimuli despite the reduced activation level. We employed a linear classifier to decode image identity from the spiking responses of the recorded IT neurons. We found a greater decoding accuracy for images of the standard compared with the random sequence during the early part of the stimulus presentation, but further analyses suggested that this reflected the sustained, stimulus-selective activity from the previous stimulus of the sequence, which is typical for IT neurons. However, the peak decoding accuracy was lower for the standard compared with the random sequence, in line with the reduced response to the former compared with the latter images. These data suggest that macaque IT neurons represent less accurately predictable compared with unpredictable images.
Potential distribution of the endemic imbricate alligator lizard (Barisia imbricata imbricata) in highlands of central Mexico
Authors: Sunny Armando , González-Fernández Andrea , D’Addario Maristella 
Published: April 2017

Barisia imbricata imbricatais an endemic anguid lizard living in the highlands of central Mexico, mainly in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, but its current distribution is not well defined. For this reason, it is critical to make a systematic study in order to determine the potential distribution of this subspecies. We considered 13 environmental and anthropogenic variables recognized to be important to determine the presence ofB. i. imbricata; we also used eight presence-only modeling methods and selected three to generate an ensemble model. The Maxent algorithm was used to obtain the most important variables. The variables with highest contribution to the model were: maximum temperature of the warmest month, altitude,Abiesforest andPinusforest. From the estimated potential distribution (9614.1 km2), 8053.4 km2(83.8%) are located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, 3821.4 km2(39.7%) are located in natural protected areas and 2418.2 km2(25.2%) are in crop fields. The whole potential distribution is highly fragmented and characterized by the presence of human activities, which could have long-term consequences, increasing extinction risk.
A new species of Buenia (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean Sea, with the description of this genus
Authors: KOVAČIĆ MARCELO , ORDINES FRANCES , SCHLIEWEN ULRICH K. 
Published: April 2017

A new miniature gobiid species, Buenia massutii sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiidae) is described from the circalittoral bottom off the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial COI-barcoding fragment supports its species-level distinctiveness and the monophyly of the genus Buenia. A description and diagnosis of the genus Buenia is for the first time provided. Material of the new species was collected in 57–67 m depth from beam trawl samples carried out on red algae beds. The traits that differentiate the new species from two congeneric species are: anterior oculoscapular canal only semiclosed with pores σ, λ, κ, ω, α, ρ and additional pores and open furrows from interorbital part to pore ρ; posterior oculoscapular canal absent; suborbital row c with 5 papillae; scales in lateral series 26–28; pectoral fin rays 16; the second spine of the first dorsal fin the longest, reaching to or behind posterior end of the second dorsal fin in males when folded down; pelvic fin anterior membrane one sixth or less of length of spinous ray in midline depth; head length 31.2–32.5% of standard length; eye 32.8–35.7% of head length; caudal fin length 21.5–24.0% of standard length.
Calibration and Cross Validation of a Global Wind and Wave Database of Altimeter, Radiometer, and Scatterometer Measurements
Authors: Young I. R. , Sanina E. , Babanin A. V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA combined satellite dataset consisting of nine altimeter, 12 radiometer, and two scatterometer missions of wind speed and wave height is calibrated in a consistent manner against NDBC data and independently validated against a separate buoy dataset. The data are investigated for stability as a function of time. Instances where there are discontinuities or drift in the data are identified and accounted for in the calibration. The performance of each of the instruments at extreme values is investigated using quantile–quantile comparisons with buoy data. The various instruments are cross validated at matchup locations where satellite ground tracks cross. The resulting calibrated and cross-validated dataset is believed to represent the largest global oceanographic dataset of its type, which includes multiple instrument types calibrated in a similar fashion.