bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTITY AND CULTURE CHANGE OF JAVANESE IN JOHOR
Authors: Jandra Mifedwil , Djamil Agus Sulaiman , Salamon Hussin , Ansyory Anhar , Zein Moh. Damami 
Published: March 2017

The Javanese ethnics are among the largest population group in Johor. According to the history, they came to Johor as part of the suggestion and efforts by Temenggong Daing Ibrahim (1810-1862) when they opened the Gambir plantation in Johor back in 1830s after the failure of Gambir companies in Singapore due to lack of land area and fire-wood fuel. The main reason to bring the Javanese and Chinese workers or coolies to operate the Gambir plantation was through the kankar system which he introduced. Data and information were collected from interview with Javanese and books, as well as from journals and websites. The increase of Javanese population is due to their growth and increase of number of labour in Malaysia. Their present may cause several challenges including social and cultural identity. This study aim to understand the fundamental Javanese character and identity, how this identity has been integrated and blended into the Malays culture, and finally to identify the Javanese characters and identity that contribute to the changes in the local culture. The study found that the high tolerances and adaptability of the Javanese has contributed to the acceptance and social harmony to the existing ethnics in Johor. Keywords : Java community, identity, cultural change
IMPLICATIONS OF ALLAH'S WILL AND WILL OF MAN IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat 
Published: March 2017

Pedagogical values contained in the discussion of al-masyi'ah are: First : Masyiatullah is a forerunner to the emergence of education. This is reflected in the letter adzariyat who hinted about the purpose or will of God made man, which we can conclude that God created man so conscious of itself as a'bid. Second : Masyiatulibad a legacy of social, meaning masyiatuli’bad is to go through the process of inheritance in this case through a process conducted educators to the learners. Of the inheritance, it means that Islamic education theologically Al-masyiah is spirit (core) of his Islamic education were thrust in achieving its objectives. Masyiatullah should be a mirror for masyiatuli’bad. This meaning is subsequently used for the tendency of the soul towards something decent accompanied by statutes least something was done or not done. Iradah beings are sometimes used in the early stages (orientation) in the form of a tendency towards something; sometimes also used in the final determination of necessity be done or not done. Reflect in education that educating to be done repeatedly. Education must be done with great discretion. Education should be given in order to meet the desires, needs, and expectations of learners. Keywords : Will of God and Masyi'ah; Masyi'ah and Will of Man,Will of God and Allah Masyi'ah
THE ROLES OF WOMEN WORKER IN STUDENT CHARACTER BUILDING
Authors: Nurkholis Nurkholis , Kardiyati Endah Nurhawaeny 
Published: March 2017

Globalization nowadays more advanced, humans as social beings are required to always try and create new works in his life. For the sake of the survival of the more advanced, not just men who are able to earn a living family as it should be. But women are also able to earn a living for the sake of survival and fulfillment of the needs of his family. In such circumstances, the duties and responsibilities of women become very heavy. The dual role of women becomes a highly optimized, which functions as a housewife (reproduction) and as a major source of income for a living (productive). With a busy life, it is the neglect of the care and education of children because too much time and effort are sacrificed to work outside the home. Lack of sufficient time to educate a child, resulting in children less attention and affection of parents, so that will have an impact on the psychological and physical development of children. Children who do not or less attention and affection of parents will have a negative impact on the child's personality.Educating children is an important thing to be done by every mother as a baby in the womb. Education of children in the family performed by example and example of a parent in the relationship and interaction between the mother and the father, the treatment of parents toward their children, and treatment of the elderly against others in the family and community environment. Keywords : women worker, education, character
Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus in children: a sonographic survey
Authors: Kabaalioğlu Adnan , Öztek Murat Alp , Kesimal Uğur , Çeken Kağan , Durmaz Emel , Apaydın Ali 
Published: March 2017

Aims: Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) is being increasingly reported in the radiology literature. Most of the reports are of individual cases or small series and prevalence and natural course of the pathology is not well known. The purpose of this study is to establish the prevalence of IET in children and report long term follow-up results.Material and methods: In 180 children who were examined by ultrasound (US) for other reasons, 7 patients were indentified with IET. Together with the other seven children who were already under follow-up for IET (diagnosed using US criteria), these 14 patients were followed up with US for 30 months. Size, shape, location, echotexture and internal echoes of the lesions were evaluated.Results: There were 16 lesions in 14 children. The most common appearance was a fusiform hypoechoic lesion, with punctate and linear internal echoes and well-defined but slightly irregular borders located posteriorly in the lower thirds of the thyroid. In follow-up, there were no changes in echotexture, shape or border. In 3 patients, the lesion became slightly smaller, in a 10-year-old boy slightly larger, and in an 11-year old boy the lesion disappeared. In a patient with bilateral lesions, one lesion slightly decreased in size.Conclusions: IET in children may be more common than thought. Its growth reflects that of a normal thymus. Awareness of this entity is important in order not to misdiagnose them, especially as papillary cancer, and to prevent unnecessary interventions.
Qualitative Video Analysis of Track-Cycling Team Pursuit in World-Class Athletes
Authors: Sigrist Samuel , Maier Thomas , Faiss Raphael 
Published: March 2017

Context: Track-cycling team pursuit (TP) is a highly technical effort involving 4 athletes completing 4 km from a standing start, often in less than 240 s. Transitions between athletes leading the team are obviously of utmost importance. Purpose: To perform qualitative video analyses of transitions of world-class athletes in TP competitions. Methods: Videos captured at 100 Hz were recorded for 77 races (including 96 different athletes) in 5 international track-cycling competitions (eg, UCI World Cups and World Championships) and analyzed for the 12 best teams in the UCI Track Cycling TP Olympic ranking. During TP, 1013 transitions were evaluated individually to extract quantitative (eg, average lead time, transition number, length, duration, height in the curve) and qualitative (quality of transition start, quality of return at the back of the team, distance between third and returning rider score) variables. Determination of correlation coefficients between extracted variables and end time allowed assessment of relationships between variables and relevance of the video analyses. Results: Overall quality of transitions and end time were significantly correlated (r = .35, P = .002). Similarly, transition distance (r = .26, P = .02) and duration (r = .35, P = .002) were positively correlated with end time. Conversely, no relationship was observed between transition number, average lead time, or height reached in the curve and end time. Conclusion: Video analysis of TP races highlights the importance of quality transitions between riders, with preferably swift and short relays rather than longer lead times for faster race times.
Translation of Fit & Strong! for Use by Hispanics With Arthritis: A Feasibility Trial of ¡En Forma y Fuerte!
Authors: Der Ananian Cheryl , Smith-Ray Renae , Meacham Brad , Shah Amy , Hughes Susan 
Published: March 2017

This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of translating the evidence-based program, Fit & Strong!, into a Spanish program, ¡En Forma y Fuerte!. A single-group, quasi-experimental design (n = 34, mean age = 58.8 [8.1], 87.2% female, 87.2% reported speaking mostly Spanish) was used to assess implementation feasibility and the impact of ¡En Forma y Fuerte! on arthritis-related outcomes in Hispanics with arthritis. Significant improvements in lower-extremity strength, perceived physical function, and pain were observed from baseline to 8 weeks (p < .05); these improvements were maintained at 6 months. Significant improvements in aerobic endurance and stiffness were observed from baseline to 6 months (p < .05). No major program adaptations (other than language) were observed or reported. However, the instructors provided several suggestions for program improvements, including adjusting the literacy level and length of the program. Findings suggest ¡En Forma y Fuerte! is feasible and effective, potentially providing a much-needed program for older Hispanics with arthritis.
Validation of a Noninvasive, Disposable Activity Monitor for Clinical Applications
Authors: Welk Greg , Kim Youngwon , Shook Robin P. , Ellingson Laura , Lobelo Roberto L. 
Published: March 2017

Background:The study evaluated the concurrent and criterion validity of a new, disposable activity monitor designed to provide objective data on physical activity and energy expenditure in clinical populations.Methods:A sample of healthy adults (n = 52) wore the disposable Metria IH1 along with the established Sensewear armband (SWA) monitor for a 1-week period. Concurrent validity was examined by evaluating the statistical equivalence of estimates from the Metria and the SWA. Criterion validity was examined by comparing the relative accuracy of the Metria IH1 and the SWA for assessing walking/running. The absolute validity of the 2 monitors was compared by computing correlations and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) relative to criterion data from a portable metabolic analyzer.Results:The output from 2 monitors was highly correlated (correlations > 0.90) and the summary measures yielded nearly identical allocations of time spent in physical activity and energy expenditure. The monitors yielded statistically equivalent estimates and had similar absolute validity relative to the criterion measure (12% to 15% error).Conclusions:The disposable nature of the adhesive Metria IH1 monitor offers promise for clinical evaluation of physical activity behavior in patients. Additional research is needed to test utility for counseling and behavior applications.
Subjective Responses to Interval and Continuous Exercise in Adults With Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: O’Neill Carley , Dogra Shilpa 
Published: March 2017

Background:Exercise triggers asthma symptoms among adults with exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIBC). This may lead to lower physical activity levels among this population. The purpose of this study was to assess perceived exertion (RPE), perceived breathlessness (RPD), affect (FS), and physical activity enjoyment during and following an acute bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), moderate intensity interval (MIIE) and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adults with EIBC.Methods:RPD, RPE, and FS were assessed each minute during the sessions and enjoyment was assessed following each session (n = 11).Results:RPE was lower during MIIE compared with MICE (P = .006). RPD was lowest during MIIE but was not different between HIIE and MICE. Affect was lower in MICE than HIIE in the last minute of exercise (P = .003) and overall was greatest during the MIIE (P = .022; P = .018). Enjoyment scores were similar between protocols.Conclusions:Interval exercise is associated with lower ratings of perceived exertion and dyspnea, an increase in in-task affect, and similar physical activity enjoyment when compared with continuous exercise.
Parental Physical Activity Associates With Offspring’s Physical Activity Until Middle Age: A 30-Year Study
Authors: Kaseva Kaisa , Hintsa Taina , Lipsanen Jari , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Hintsanen Mirka , Yang Xiaolin , Hirvensalo Mirja , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Raitakari Olli , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa , Tammelin Tuija 
Published: March 2017

Background:Parents’ physical activity associates with their children’s physical activity. Prospective designs assessing this association are rare. This study examined how parents’ physical activity was associated with their children’s physical activity from childhood to middle adulthood in a 30-year prospective, population-based setting.Methods:Participants (n = 3596) were from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study started in 1980. Participants’ physical activity was self-reported at 8 phases from 1980 to 2011, and their parents’ physical activity at 1980. Analyses were adjusted for a set of health-related covariates assessed from 1980 to 2007.Results:High levels of mothers’ and fathers’ physical activity were systematically associated with increased levels of their children’s physical activity until offspring’s age of 24. Longitudinal analyses conducted from 1980 to 2011 showed that higher levels of parents’ physical activity were associated with increased levels of physical activity within their offspring until midlife, but the association between parents’ and their children’s physical activity weakened when participants aged (P < .05). Covariate adjustment did not attenuate the association.Conclusions:This study suggests that parents’ physical activity assessed in their offspring’s childhood contributes favorably to offspring’s physical activity from childhood to middle age.
A Systematic Review of Community-wide Media Physical Activity Campaigns: An Update From 2010
Authors: Yun Lira , Ori Elaine M. , Lee Younghan , Sivak Allison , Berry Tanya R. 
Published: March 2017

Background:Mass media campaign is an integral tool to influence physical activity participant behaviors. The purpose of the systematic review was to identify the effectiveness of mass media campaigns in promoting physical activity.Methods:Literature update from January 2010 to September 2016 was conducted in 13 databases. Full text articles of 128 were screened, and 23 articles (18 campaigns) were selected from the initial 1692 articles.Results:All campaigns involved mass media advertisements to promote physical activity to general individuals (n = 2), adults (8), children (4), older adults (2), and parents of children (n = 2). The campaign evaluation designs included clustered RCT (2), cohort (3), quasi-experimental (9), and cross-sectional (9). Eight articles demonstrated significant campaign impact on proximal, 6 on intermediate, 5 on distal outcomes, and 6 on distal change based on either proximal or intermediate outcome.Conclusion:The current review assessed the outcome evaluation of mass media physical activity campaigns that varied in their respective scope, target population and outcomes measured to identify individual changes at proximal, intermediate, and distal level. Results from formative and process evaluation as well as dose-response and cost-effective analysis are suggested to provide valuable evidence for campaign stakeholders and planners.
Substrate Recognition and Modification by a Pathogen-Associated Aminoglycoside Resistance 16S rRNA Methyltransferase
Authors: Vinal Kellie , Conn Graeme L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe pathogen-associated 16S rRNA methyltransferase NpmA catalyzes m1A1408 modification to block the action of structurally diverse aminoglycoside antibiotics. Here, we describe the development of a fluorescence polarization binding assay and its use, together with complementary functional assays, to dissect the mechanism of NpmA substrate recognition. These studies reveal that electrostatic interactions made by the NpmA β2/3 linker collectively are critical for docking of NpmA on a conserved 16S rRNA tertiary surface. In contrast, other NpmA regions (β5/β6 and β6/β7 linkers) contain several residues critical for optimal positioning of A1408 but are largely dispensable for 30S binding. Our data support a model for NpmA action in which 30S binding and adoption of a catalytically competent state are distinct: docking on 16S rRNA via the β2/3 linker necessarily precedes functionally critical 30S substrate-driven conformational changes elsewhere in NpmA. This model is also consistent with catalysis being completely positional in nature, as the most significant effects on activity arise from changes that impact binding or stabilization of the flipped A1408 conformation. Our results provide a molecular framework for aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase action that may serve as a functional paradigm for related enzymes and a starting point for development of inhibitors of these resistance determinants.
Age, Weight, and
CYP2D6
Genotype Are Major Determinants of Primaquine Pharmacokinetics in African Children
Authors: Gonçalves Bronner P. , Pett Helmi , Tiono Alfred B. , Murry Daryl , Sirima Sodiomon B. , Niemi Mikko , Bousema Teun , Drakeley Chris , ter Heine Rob 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Low-dose primaquine is recommended to prevent
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria transmission in areas threatened by artemisinin resistance and areas aiming for malaria elimination. Community treatment campaigns with artemisinin-based combination therapy in combination with the gametocytocidal primaquine dose target all age groups, but no studies thus far have assessed the pharmacokinetics of this gametocytocidal drug in African children. We recruited 40 children participating in a primaquine efficacy trial in Burkina Faso to study primaquine pharmacokinetics. These children received artemether-lumefantrine and either a 0.25- or a 0.40-mg/kg primaquine dose. Seven blood samples were collected from each participant for primaquine and carboxy-primaquine plasma levels determinations: one sample was collected before primaquine administration and six after primaquine administration according to partially overlapping sampling schedules. Physiological population pharmacokinetic modeling was used to assess the impact of weight, age, and
CYP2D6
genotype on primaquine and carboxy-primaquine pharmacokinetics. Despite linear weight normalized dosing, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves and the peak concentrations for both primaquine and carboxy-primaquine increased with age and body weight. Children who were CYP2D6 poor metabolizers had higher levels of the parent compound, indicating a lower primaquine CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. Our data indicate that primaquine and carboxy-primaquine pharmacokinetics are influenced by age, weight, and
CYP2D6
genotype and suggest that dosing strategies may have to be reconsidered to maximize the transmission-blocking properties of primaquine. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01935882.)
Population Pharmacokinetics of Pyrazinamide in Patients with Tuberculosis
Authors: Alsultan Abdullah , Savic Rada , Dooley Kelly E. , Weiner Marc , Whitworth William , Mac Kenzie William R. , Peloquin Charles A. ,   the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The current treatment used for tuberculosis (TB) is lengthy and needs to be shortened and improved. Pyrazinamide (PZA) has potent sterilizing activity and has the potential to shorten the TB treatment duration, if treatment is optimized. The goals of this study were (i) to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for PZA among patients enrolled in PK substudies of Tuberculosis Trial Consortium (TBTC) trials 27 and 28 and (ii) to determine covariates that affect PZA PK. (iii) We also performed simulations and target attainment analysis using the proposed targets of a maximum plasma concentration (
C
max
) of >35 μg/ml or an area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) of >363 μg · h/ml to see if higher weight-based dosing could improve PZA efficacy. Seventy-two patients participated in the substudies. The mean (standard deviation [SD])
C
max
was 30.8 (7.4) μg/ml, and the mean (SD) AUC from time zero to 24 h (AUC
0–24
) was 307 (83) μg · h/ml. A one-compartment open model best described PZA PK. Only body weight was a significant covariate for PZA clearance. Women had a lower volume of distribution (
V
/
F
) than men, and both clearance (CL/
F
) and
V
/
F
increased with body weight. Our simulations show that higher doses of PZA (>50 mg/kg of body weight) are needed to achieve the therapeutic target of an AUC/MIC of >11.3 in >80% of patients, while doses of >80 mg/kg are needed for target attainment in 90% of patients, given specific assumptions about MIC determinations. For the therapeutic targets of a
C
max
of >35 μg/ml and/or an AUC of >363 μg · h/ml, doses in the range of 30 to 40 mg/kg are needed to achieve the therapeutic target in >90% of the patients. Further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of higher doses of PZA.
Downregulation of Autolysin-Encoding Genes by Phage-Derived Lytic Proteins Inhibits Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fernández Lucía , González Silvia , Campelo Ana Belén , Martínez Beatriz , Rodríguez Ana , García Pilar 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Phage-derived lytic proteins are a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobials. One of their most interesting properties is that they do not readily select for resistant strains, which is likely due to the fact that their targets are essential for the viability of the bacterial cell. Moreover, genetic engineering allows the design of new “tailor-made” proteins that may exhibit improved antibacterial properties. One example of this is the chimeric protein CHAPSH3b, which consists of a catalytic domain from the virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase of phage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 (HydH5) and the cell wall binding domain of lysostaphin. CHAPSH3b had previously shown the ability to kill
Staphylococcus aureus
cells. Here, we demonstrate that this lytic protein also has potential for the control of biofilm-embedded
S. aureus
cells. Additionally, subinhibitory doses of CHAPSH3b can decrease biofilm formation by some
S. aureus
strains. Transcriptional analysis revealed that exposure of
S. aureus
cells to this enzyme leads to the downregulation of several genes coding for bacterial autolysins. One of these proteins, namely, the major autolysin AtlA, is known to participate in staphylococcal biofilm development. Interestingly, an
atl
mutant strain did not display inhibition of biofilm development when grown at subinhibitory concentrations of CHAPSH3b, contrary to the observations made for the parental and complemented strains. Also, deletion of
atl
led to low-level resistance to CHAPSH3b and the endolysin LysH5. Overall, our results reveal new aspects that should be considered when designing new phage-derived lytic proteins aimed for antimicrobial applications.