bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Knox and education
Authors: Duncan Graham A. 
Published: June 2017

John Knox the 16th century Scottish reformer made a lasting impact on the Scottish nation in the fields of society, politics, church and education. He is remembered mainly for his reform of the church but he also made a significant contribution to the reform of education, which has lasted until the present day and has impacted on other contexts. Although much of his vision was not realised during his lifetime, his mission continued nonetheless. He was a product of the late Medieval age and his transformation was completed by his experience alongside John Calvin in Geneva. This was then contextualised in his own Scottish situation. Here we examine his work in the field of education with particular reference to the First Book of Discipline. The outcome of his labours was a compulsory, universal system of free education, which involved character formation and enabled all to achieve the limit of their potential.
Le mosaïcisme chez les carnivores domestiques
Authors: Jaraud-Darnault Ambre , Abitbol Marie 
Published: June 2017

Mosaicism in domestic carnivores.
Mosaicism is a common genetic phenomenon that occurs in many pluricellular organisms and more particularly in female mammals. They are mosaics because of the X-chromosome inactivation. In domestic cats, this epigenetic phenomenon can moreover be seen at first glance on some individuals : tortie and calico cats. In fact, some males are very rarely seen with such a coat color, but they are most of the time sterile because of a chromosomic anomaly. Moreover, in dogs and cats, sex chromosome mosaicism, often described, may induce disorders of sexual development leading to sterility. Genetic tests could be a useful tool for clinicians in order to identify and distinguish mosaicism or chimerism.
Les acides gras saturés sont-ils vraiment mauvais ?
Authors: Lecerf Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2017

Are saturated fat really nasty ?
This paper analyzes the relationship between the saturated fatty acids intake and the cardio-metabolic risk. After a short biochemical recall, a small historical note exhibits the basis of their deleterious effects. They rely on ecological studies and on the link between saturated fatty acids and high plasma level cholesterol. However the proven data on the lack of the relationship between saturated fatty acids and cardio-metabolic risk are actually numerous. We look at prospective studies, replacement studies, primary and secondary prevention trials, which show that globally saturated fatty acids have no harmful effect on that risk. But a sufficient intake (without excess) in omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is necessary. We describe briefly the effects of the saturated fatty acids on some cardio-metabolic risk factors and markers. The saturated fatty acids food source is a key factor in this respect that could explain some misinterpretation errors : the global balance of all fatty acids must be considered.
Constraining a hybrid volatility basis-set model for aging of wood-burning emissions using smog chamber experiments: a box-model study based on the VBS scheme of the CAMx model (v5.40)
Authors: Ciarelli Giancarlo , El Haddad Imad , Bruns Emily , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Möhler Ottmar , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this study, novel wood combustion aging experiments performed at different temperatures (263 and 288 K) in a ∼ 7 m3 smog chamber were modelled using a hybrid volatility basis set (VBS) box model, representing the emission partitioning and their oxidation against OH. We combine aerosol–chemistry box-model simulations with unprecedented measurements of non-traditional volatile organic compounds (NTVOCs) from a high-resolution proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and with organic aerosol measurements from an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Due to this, we are able to observationally constrain the amounts of different NTVOC aerosol precursors (in the model) relative to low volatility and semi-volatile primary organic material (OMsv), which is partitioned based on current published volatility distribution data. By comparing the NTVOC ∕ OMsv ratios at different temperatures, we determine the enthalpies of vaporization of primary biomass-burning organic aerosols. Further, the developed model allows for evaluating the evolution of oxidation products of the semi-volatile and volatile precursors with aging. More than 30 000 box-model simulations were performed to retrieve the combination of parameters that best fit the observed organic aerosol mass and O : C ratios. The parameters investigated include the NTVOC reaction rates and yields as well as enthalpies of vaporization and the O : C of secondary organic aerosol surrogates. Our results suggest an average ratio of NTVOCs to the sum of non-volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds of ∼ 4.75. The mass yields of these compounds determined for a wide range of atmospherically relevant temperatures and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations were predicted to vary between 8 and 30 % after 5 h of continuous aging. Based on the reaction scheme used, reaction rates of the NTVOC mixture range from 3.0 × 10−11 to 4. 0 × 10−11 cm3 molec−1 s−1. The average enthalpy of vaporization of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) surrogates was determined to be between 55 000 and 35 000 J mol−1, which implies a yield increase of 0.03–0.06 % K−1 with decreasing temperature. The improved VBS scheme is suitable for implementation into chemical transport models to predict the burden and oxidation state of primary and secondary biomass-burning aerosols.
Genetic Privacy, Big Gene Data, and the Internet Panopticon
Authors: Sorgner Stefan Lorenz 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
In this article, I show that by promoting a radical concept of goodness and thereby also the norm of negative freedom, we can limit the challenges related to the Internet panopticon, while we can enjoy the benefits connected with the knowledge we gain from scientific research concerning the power of genes. Initially, I stress the relevance of genetic technologies, and I particularly focus on the issue of gene analysis. Such analysis demands the use and the processing of the related information via the Internet, so that the issue of genetic privacy arises, which is different from traditional privacy issues, because it can also have consequences for other members of one’s biological family. Consequently, I deal with the question of privacy given the background of the Internet panopticon in which all of us live. Due to the totalitarian tendencies of the Internet panopticon, the question arises of how we can continue to benefit from the use of gene analysis without having to fear the dangers and privacy issues related to the Internet panopticon.
Factores determinantes que influyen para el emprendimiento de microempresas en el municipio de León, Nicaragua.
Authors: Amador Ruiz Justa Pastora , Briones-Peñalver Antonio Juan 
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se analiza la influencia de los factores socioeconómicos y psicosociales del emprendimiento femenino. Para ello, se ha empleado una muestra de 101 constituida por mujeres emprendedoras en el municipio de León, Nicaragua. Los resultados indican que todas las variables razonadas ejercen una significativa influencia sobre la probabilidad de emprender, los factores sociodemográficos aumenta cuando disponen de habilidades, conocimientos y cuentan con un contacto temprano en el mundo empresarial. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos estos confirman las relaciones establecidas en el modelo de investigación.
Estado actual de los Índices Bursátil en el mundo
Authors: Canales Ricardo José 
Published: June 2017

El estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar el estado actual de los índices bursátiles del mundo. Es un estudio descriptivo. Los resultados indican que en los 94 países seleccionados, se construyen 3,429 índices, clasificados en principal, adicionales, sectoriales y otros. Existe una gran variedad de características que identifican al índice bursátil. El modelo estimado nos indica que el número de empresas en el índice principal está determinado por las nuevas inversiones productivas de las empresas y la emisión de más valores accionarios al mercado.
Simultaneous Determination of 27 Pesticides in Ginseng by UPLC/MS/MS and Modified QuEChERS Procedure
Authors: Wu Ruoxin , Chen Qiyong , Li Shujing , Fan Guoliang 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A novel, simple, and rapid method for the quantification of 27 commonly used pesticides in ginseng incorporating a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) procedure was developed and validated. The pesticides were extracted with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile and extracts purified by use of the mixed sorbents primary-secondary amine, C18, and graphitized carbon black. Quantitative analysis of all pesticides was performed by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS in the positive ionization mode in a single run due to the fast polarity switching capability of the mass spectrometer. Two precursor-product ion transitions were monitored for each compound in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Quantification was carried out using matrix-matched standards for calibration. Recoveries of the proposed method from the spiked samples were achieved in the range 62.8–108.5%, and RSD ranged from 1.5 to 11.8%.
Determination of Ethyl Carbamate in Chinese Yellow Rice Wine by Diatomaceous Earth Extraction and GC/MS Method
Authors: Wu Pinggu , Zhang Liqun , Shen Xianghong , Wang Liyuan , Zou Yan , Zhang Jing , Tan Ying , Tang Jun , Ma Bingjie , Pan Xiaodong , Jiang Wei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A sensitive and rapid analytical method based on alkaline diatomaceous earth extraction followed by GC/MS was developed for the quantitative determination of the toxic contaminant ethyl carbamate (EC) in yellow rice wines. The optimal extraction conditions were investigated. With the application of diatomaceous earth extraction, the damage of organic acids to the capillary column was greatly reduced. By using d5-EC as an internal standard for quantitative analysis of EC, the linearity of the calibration curves was good between 10 and 1000 ng/mL. The LOD and LOQ were 1.7 and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The spiked level of EC was 5.0–300 μg/kg, and the average recovery of the spikes was between 78.4 and 98.2%, with an RSD between 4.3 and 8.3%. Upon validation by five laboratories when spiked with 50, 100, and 300 μg/kg, the average respective recoveries were 102.9, 102.2, and 98.7% with a RSD between 0.7 and 8.1%. The validation results demonstrated that the method is fast, simple, selective, and suitable for the determination of EC in yellow rice wines.
Cervical Adenocarcinoma: Diagnosis of Human Papillomavirus–Positive and Human Papillomavirus–Negative Tumors
Authors: Pirog Edyta C. 
Published: June 2017

Context.—
Cervical adenocarcinomas span a diverse group of tumors with several distinct histologic tumor types, which include endocervical, endometrioid, intestinal, villoglandular, gastric, signet ring, serous, clear cell, and mesonephric. Diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma, especially early diagnosis, poses a significant challenge.

Objective.—
To review the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, immunohistochemical markers, and differential diagnosis of various subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive and HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinomas. The paper presents a concise summary of the issues that may be particularly difficult in histopathologic diagnosis, such as differentiating neoplastic lesions from benign mimics, determining the tumor type, differentiating early invasive lesions from adenocarcinoma in situ, measuring the depth of invasion, and, finally, differentiating primary cervical adenocarcinoma from uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma and tumors metastatic from other primary sites.

Data Sources.—
The study employed a PubMed search of recently published reports.

Conclusions.—
Early detection of HPV-positive tumor types may be aided with the expansion of HPV testing; however, early diagnosis of HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinomas will continue to pose a challenge and may require the development of additional molecular testing techniques.
Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Pleural Neoplasms
Authors: Woo Jennifer S. , Reddy Opal L. , Koo Matthew , Xiong Yan , Li Faqian , Xu Haodong 
Published: June 2017

Context.—A vast majority of neoplasms arising from lung or pleura are initially diagnosed based on the histologic evaluation of small transbronchial, endobronchial, or needle core biopsies. Although most diagnoses can be determined by morphology alone, immunohistochemistry can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the workup of problematic cases.Objective.—To provide a practical approach in the interpretation and immunohistochemical selection of lung/pleura–based neoplasms obtained from small biopsy samples.Data Sources.—A literature review of previously published articles and the personal experience of the authors were used in this review article.Conclusion.—Immunohistochemistry is a useful diagnostic tool in the workup of small biopsies from the lung and pleura sampled by small biopsy techniques.
Awareness and willingness to use HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yi Siyan , Tuot Sovannary , Mwai Grace W , Ngin Chanrith , Chhim Kolab , Pal Khoundyla , Igbinedion Ewemade , Holland Paula , Choub Sok Chamreun , Mburu Gitau 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduction: To facilitate provision of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), a better understanding of potential demand and user preferences is required. This review assessed awareness and willingness to use oral PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) in LMIC.Methods: Electronic literature search of Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, PsychINFO, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted between July and September 2016. Reference lists of relevant studies were searched, and three authors contacted for additional data. Non‐peer reviewed publications were excluded. Studies were screened for inclusion, and relevant data abstracted, assessed for bias, and synthesized.Results: In total, 2186 records were identified, of which 23 studies involving 14,040 MSM from LMIC were included. The proportion of MSM who were aware of PrEP was low at 29.7% (95% CI: 16.9–44.3). However, the proportion willing to use PrEP was higher, at 64.4% (95% CI: 53.3–74.8). Proportions of MSM aware of PrEP was <50% in 11 studies and 50–70% in 3 studies, while willingness to use PrEP was <50% in 6 studies, 50–70% in 9 studies, and over 80% in 5 studies. Several factors affected willingness to use PrEP. At the individual domain, poor knowledge of PrEP, doubts about its effectiveness, fear of side effects, low perception of HIV risk, and the need to adhere or take medicines frequently reduced willingness to use PrEP, while PrEP education and motivation to maintain good health were facilitators of potential use. Demographic factors (education, age, and migration) influenced both awareness and willingness to use PrEP, but their effects were not consistent across studies. At the social domain, anticipated stigma from peers, partners, and family members related to sexual orientation, PrEP, or HIV status were barriers to potential use of PrEP, while partner, peer, and family support were facilitators of potential use. At the structural domain, concerns regarding attitudes of healthcare providers, quality assurance, data protection, and cost were determinants of potential use.Conclusions: This review found that despite low levels of awareness of PrEP, MSM in LMIC are willing to use it if they are supported appropriately to deal with a range of individual, social, and structural barriers.
Investigating the Effect of Drawing Medium on Learning
Authors: Xie Heping , Yang Xiujuan , Yang Chongyi , Li Shiqi , Song Youzhi , Zhou Zongkui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to scrutinize the impact of drawing medium on learning. Results from three experiments demonstrated that, when acquiring actual concepts, participants in the finger drawing condition exhibited better definition retention compared to those in the pencil drawing and stylus drawing conditions. When engaging with fictitious concepts, the superiority of the finger drawing condition in definition retention persisted over the other conditions. However, the advantage of finger drawing in definition retention was attenuated due to lower prior knowledge for fictitious materials. Experiment 1 found that term source memory and learning motivation were higher for finger drawing compared to pencil drawing, but these findings were not replicated in Experiments 2 and 3. Furthermore, Experiment 3 revealed that stylus drawing resulted in superior term source memory and learning motivation compared to finger drawing. This study underscores the presence of a drawing medium effect and suggests the significance of prior knowledge.
Gradient Modulus Strategy for Alleviating Stretchable Electronic Strain Concentration
Authors: Sun Boning , Li Zemin , Song Zhuoyu , Yu Yang , Zhang Zhonglong , Zhou Runhui , Jin Boru , Chen Ziyu , Wang Yushu , He Jiang , Bao Rongrong , Gao Wenchao , Pan Caofeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe island‐bridge structural design is a common strategy for imparting stretchability to flexible electronic devices. In this structure, the low modulus regions bear most of the deformation, while the rigid islands, which house the electronic components, undergo minimal deformation. However, due to the modulus differences that can be several times or even several orders of magnitude larger, severe strain concentration occur at the edges of the rigid islands in high modulus regions. This strain concentration caused by rigid constraints not only reduces the stretchability of the soft substrate but also degrades the mechanical performance of the interconnected structures, thereby significantly affecting the overall stability of the device. Starting from finite element simulations, this paper introduces modulus gradient regions and optimizes geometric parameters, significantly alleviating the strain concentration at the edges of the rigid islands. Serpentine‐shaped circuits are then transferred to a substrate with strain isolation, which demonstrates better stretchability stability under 20% elongation compared to traditional strain isolation strategies. In addition, the stretchable light emitting diode (LED) system with gradient modulus has better stretchability compared to the system with conventional strategy. This suggests that this strategy has great potential in maintaining the stability of stretchable systems.
Interface and Defect Engineering in 3D Co3O4‐Ov/TiO2 to Boost Simultaneous Removal of BPA and Cr(VI) upon Photoelectrocatalytic/Peroxymonosulfate (PEC/PMS) System
Authors: Hu Yu , Jin Yuzhou , Gao Yuqing , Li Mingfang , Wang Xuejiang , Ma Haiying , Zhang Ya‐nan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combination of photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is an innovative strategy for environmental treatment. And fabricating a highly efficient photoelectrode is the most pivotal factor in PEC reactions. This study designs an advanced Co3O4‐Ov/TiO2 photoelectrode by a dual‐modification strategy encompassing interface engineering and defect engineering. The photoelectric characterization validates the synergy of oxygen vacancies and dual heterojunctions. Simulated electron density distribution and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) elucidate the charge transfer pathway between Co3O4‐Ov and TiO2. 1O2 and SO4 .− are confirmed to be primarily responsible for the BPA oxidation in PEC/PMS system by radical scavenger experiments and the EPR technique. And the attack sites of BPA are precisely identified based on the Fukui index. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations testify that Co3O4‐Ov can improve the adsorption capacity of PMS and reduce the energy barrier of the reaction process, while XPS analysis showed Co3+/Co2+ redox couple can accelerate PMS activation. Enhanced anode oxidation can effectively promote cathode reduction and consequently Co3O4‐Ov/TiO2‐PMS/PEC system presents a superior removal of both pollutants within only 15 min with fast kinetics (0.15 min−1 for BPA, 0.29 min−1 for Cr(VI)). This work provides unique insight into designing a highly efficient PMS/PEC system for simultaneous pollutant treatment.
Air and Thermally Stable Fluoride Bridged Rare‐Earth Clusters Showing Intense Photoluminescence and Potential LED Application
Authors: He Jian‐Yue , Wang Yu , Chen Xi , Chen Wei‐Peng , Zhou Guijiang , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFluoride based lattice is attractive for reducing phonon‐induced quenching in rare‐earth (RE) based luminescent materials. However, due to the strong affinity between RE and oxygen, the synthesis of fluoride‐based complexes has to be protected under anhydrous conditions, and many known fluoride bridged RE clusters are unstable in air. Here, by using the “mixed‐ligand” strategy a family of fluoride bridged RE clusters is synthesized, namely RE16(μ4‐F)6(μ3‐F)12(tBuCOO)18[N(CH2CH2O)3]4 (RE = Eu, EuFC‐16; RE = Tb, TbFC‐16), which are highly stable in air and decomposed thermally only when heating above 435 °C. Moreover, both clusters exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYEuFC‐16 = 87.7%, PLQYTbFC‐16 = 99.0%). Upon warming, EuFC‐16 and TbFC‐16 display excellent structural, thermal, and chroma stability. Thus, EuFC‐16 and TbFC‐16 have the potential to be used in light‐emitting diode (LED) devices, offering many advantages over commercial phosphors. First, both clusters are soluble in UV‐curable resin at any mixing rate, and the emission colors can be tuned from magenta, turquoise, willow green, and ivory to pure white if mixing blue phosphor BAM:Eu2+. Second, the clusters are hydrophobic, and the LEDs work well after soaking in water, indicating a good quality for outdoor lighting.
All‐In‐One Optoelectronic Transistors for Bio‐Inspired Visual System
Authors: Liu Zhuohui , Zhang Mingzhen , Zhang Qinghua , Li Ge , Xie Donggang , Wang Zheng , Xie Jiahui , Guo Erjia , He Meng , Wang Can , Gu Lin , Yang Guozhen , Jin Kuijuan , Ge Chen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVisual perception has profound effects on human decision‐making and emotional responses. Replicating the functions of the human visual system through device development has been a constant pursuit in recent years. However, to fully simulate the various functions of the human visual system, it is often necessary to integrate multiple devices with different functions, resulting in complex, large‐volume device structures and increased power consumption. Here, an optoelectronic transistor with comprehensive visual functions is introduced. By coupling diverse photoreceptive properties of the channel and electrical regulation through charge injection/ferroelectric switching from the hafnium‐based gate, the devices can simulate functions of both photoreceptors in the retina and synapses in the visual cortex. A device array is constructed to confirm the perceptual functions of cone and rod cells. Subsequently, color discrimination and recognition for color images are achieved by combining the tunable perception and synapse functions. Then an intelligent traffic judgment system with this all‐in‐one device is developed, which is capable of making judgments and decisions regarding traffic signals and pedestrian movements. This work provides a potential solution for developing compact and efficient devices for the next‐generation bio‐inspired visual system.