bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Differences in self-selected pacing in 20, 40, and 60 ironman-distance triathlons: a case study
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Cuk Ivan , Andrade Marilia Santos , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Weiss Katja , Forte Pedro , Thuany Mabliny 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundTriathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete.Case studyEvent 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 60 days) were analyzed by discipline (swimming, cycling, running, and overall event time), by Deca intervals (10 days of consecutive Ironman-distance triathlons) and additional data (sleep duration, body mass, heart rate in cycling and running). To test differences between Events and Deca intervals within the same discipline, T-tests (2 groups) or one-way ANOVAs (3 or more groups) were used.ResultsSwimming splits were fastest in Event 1, (ii) cycling and running splits were fastest in both Event 2 and 3, (iii) overall speed was fastest in Event 3, (iv) sleep duration increased during Event 2 but decreased in Event 3, (v) body mass decreased in Event 2, but increased in Event 3 and (vi) heart rate during cycling was similar in both Event 2 and 3. In contrast, heart rate during running was greater in Event 3.ConclusionIn a professional IRONMAN® triathlete finishing 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, split performances and both anthropometrical and physiological changes such as body mass and heart rate differed depending upon the duration of the events.
An Improved Air Health Index Based on Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects in Tianjin, China
Authors: Zhang Mengnan , Bai Yu , Hu Junyi , Ni Yang , Zeng Qiang 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo construct an improved air health index (AHI) based on cardiovascular years of life lost (YLL) in Tianjin and assess its utility.MethodsWe derived the exposure-response coefficients from time-series models and calculated the excess YLL (EYLL) for simultaneous exposure to air pollution and non-optimum temperature. The AHI was developed using the EYLL at the WHO 2021 Air Quality Guideline annual mean values and optimum temperature as a reference. We assessed the validity of AHI by comparing the correlations and model fit between the AHI, air quality health index (AQHI), and air quality index (AQI) with cause-specific YLLs.ResultsEach inter quartile range (IQR) increase in AHI was associated with 256.31 (95%CI: 183.05, 329.57), 150.34 (95%CI: 108.23, 192.46), 90.41 (95%CI: 64.80, 116.02) and 60.80 (95%CI:33.41, 88.18) person-year increments for non-accidental, cardiovascular, ischaemic, and cerebrovascular YLL, respectively. The AHI, in contrast to the AQHI and AQI, showed the strongest correlations with the risks of cause-specific YLLs, both in the total population and subpopulations.ConclusionThe AHI based on cardiovascular YLL has a greater predictive ability for health risks.
Epidemiology of head injury in a tertiary care hospital in south India
Authors: Shanmugaiah Anand , R. Rajkumar 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The annual incidence of traumatic brain injury is around 28-70 million in the world which causes morbidity and mortality. In India, around 1 million suffer from severe head injury and the mortality rate is around 1 lakh per year. As time progresses there is an observable increase in rates of Head injuries. This study focuses on the epidemiology of traumatic head injury in a tertiary care centre (Madras Medical College, Chennai- India)
Materials and methods: This study is a prospective study covering all head injury cases admitted from January 2022 – December 2022 in our tertiary care centre. These patients are treated according to the protocol of the Institute of Neurosurgery. This study covers the management, discharge and follow-up of these patients.
Results: The total number of patients admitted with head injuries from January 2022 to December 2022 was 2061. Among them, RTA tops head injury mortality and morbidity. Among RTA, Two-wheeler-associated injuries were most common. Drunken driving, and not wearing helmets and protective gear played a vital role in head injuries.
Conclusion: Primary prevention can be the key to reducing the national burden of head injuries.
Huge extradural multilevel lumbar abscess
Authors: Balasa D. , Tunas A.H. , Rusu I. , Popescu C. , Nicola C. 
Published: September 2024

Extensive spinal epidural abscesses (ESEAs), occupying three or more spinal regions, are rare forms of vertebral infection. Multilevel laminectomy in these cases is controversial because of the risk of vertebral instability. We report the case of a 47-year-old patient known with ureterohydronephrosis 2nd degree, admitted for severe vertebral pain (VAS 8/10) from 2 months, paraparesis (ASIA 1/5 left, 4/5 right, retention of urine and faeces) from three days. The analysis discovered Diabetes Mellitus type 2, and high levels of inflammatory tests. CT and MRI of the vertebral area with contrast revealed dorsal compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina by an epidural abscess extending from L1-L5, bilateral in the soft adjacent paravertebral tissues especially psoas muscles but sparing the intervertebral discs. Surgical treatment: alternate fenestrations L1-L5, more important on the left side. By this technique, we removed the fluid pus and also granulomatous pus from posterior epidural space L1-L5, bilateral medial foramina, interspinous and supraspinous space, and psoas muscles. The identified germ was Staphylococcus aureus ++++. Postoperatively, we used a continuous drainage washing system with Vancomicyne and diluted Betadine—a course of six-week Vancomycin 2 grams/day iv. The drainage system was blocked after 24 hours and we had to remove it and all the wires of the suture. We had to dress up every day for the surgical field and wash deep inside the field with diluted betadine for 3 weeks till the surgical field was completely cured. After 3 months postoperatively the patient was cured radiologically and clinically. Follow up 18 months. Conclusion: alternate fenestration has the advantages of removing liquid and granulomatous pus in the epidural posterior area and preserving the spine stability.
Microsurgical excision of intracranial arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Sankar Mathan S. , A. Dhanasekar , R. Raghavendran 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Brain Arteriovenous malformations are high-flow cerebrovascular lesions with dysplastic vascular nidus, fed by arteries and drained by veins without intervening capillaries. Prevalence is 0.2% and is an important cause of intracerebral haemorrhage in about 38% of young adults. The objective of this study is to analyze surgically managed Intracranial AV malformations with respect to their demographic features, varied clinical presentations, imaging features Spetzler Martin grading and outcome.
Methods: A study of 48 patients with Intracranial Arteriovenous malformations who underwent microsurgical excision at the Institute of Neurosurgery, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai over a period of 5 years from July 2018 to June 2022 and extracted their data including demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grades, complications and outcome were assessed.
Results: Of the 48 patients treated with microsurgery, the most common 51% belongs to the age group between 21 to 40years, left-sided is slightly more common with headache major symptom, involving Parietooccipital lobe 33% commonly, 28 (62.2%) patients initially presented with haemorrhage.
Anterior circulation artery feeders was common 68.8% and mostly drainage involving superficial venous drainage system. Based on the Spetzler-Martin (SM) grading system, the patients were graded as follows: 6(13 %) Grade I, 10(21%) Grade II, 25(52%) Grade III, 3 (6%) Grade IV and 4(8%) Grade V. Overall, 35(73%) patients had a favorable outcome, most commonly seen in Grade I, II and Grade III. Almost complete obliteration of the AVMs were achieved in all favorable outcome cases.
Conclusion: Microsurgical excision is the gold standard treatment of choice for low grade AVMs and certain high-grade AVMs with increased risk of rupture. The Spetzler-Martin grading system is a simple and effective method to estimate the risk of surgery and to evaluate the prognosis. Proper patient selection combined with appropriate preoperative evaluation, meticulous surgical technique and postoperative care all lead to reduced mortality and morbidity.
Clinical outcomes of tubular microdiscectomy with 18mm diameter tubular retractor for lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Tripathi Praveen Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Tubular microdiscectomy is one of the minimally invasive techniques for spine surgery. This prospective study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of using a tubular microdiscectomy with an 18 mm dilator for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation over a 2-year period.
Methods: A prospective observational study of 57 patients who had undergone a first-time, single-level lumbar discectomy presented with single-sided radiculopathy with or without backache was done. Perioperative and postoperative results were assessed by documenting operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, rate of wound infection, neurological deficits in post-op period, rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak and resumption of work. Pain assessment was done with VAS score at admission, at discharge and in follow up.
Results: A total of 57 patients were included in the study. The average duration of surgery was 64 minutes. The average duration from surgery to discharge was 35.5 hours. The average time for complete resolution of radicular symptoms was 8.5 days. The median time for return to work was 20 days. Two patients experienced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak due to inadvertent durotomy. The mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) value at admission was 9.5087, which significantly reduced to 1.49 at discharge.
Follow-up assessments at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year revealed sustained improvements in clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Tubular microdiscectomy with an 18 mm dilator demonstrates favourable clinical outcomes for patients having single-level lumbar disc prolapse intervertebral disc causing radiculopathy and low backache, less blood loss intraoperatively, small scar, lesser hospital stay and early return to work.
Spinal arachnoid cysts
Authors: Velivela Kiran Chand , Thotakura Amit Kumar , Marabathina Nageswara Rao 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Spinal arachnoid cysts (SAC) are rare lesions. There are many uncertainties regarding details about Intradural and Extradural SAC. We present a series of 12 cases of SAC along with a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we discussed the differences between Intradural and Extradural SAC pertaining to demography, pathogenesis, surgical procedures and outcomes.
Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 12 patients of SAC treated at our Institute from 2012 to 2023. The age, gender, clinical, radiological, surgical data and outcome were noted. An extensive review of the literature was done to analyse and note the differences between Intradural and extradural SAC and their surgical management.
Results: In our series of 12 patients, 7 had Extradural SAC(58.3%), 3 had Intradural SAC(25%) and 2 had Intramedullary SAC(16.7%). . Of the 12 patients, 4 were males and 8 were females (1:2). Age range was 9 to 64 years and the mean age was 34.42 ± 17.71 years. There were four paediatric patients in the series. The most common symptoms reported at presentation are weakness of limbs(81.9%),back pain(36.4%), sensory symptoms(36.4%), radicular pain (18.2%), and bladder disturbances(9.1%). Out of the 12 patients, surgery was done in 11 patients and one patient was managed conservatively.
Conclusions: From the review of the literature, intradural SAC was twice as common as extradural SAC. Ventrally located SACs are more common in Intradural locations as compared to Extradural. The intradural SACs were more commonly located in the thoracic and cervical regions when compared to extradural SACs which were located commonly in the thoracolumbar, thoracic and lumbar regions. Extradural SACs were mostly Primary and the mainstay of treatment is complete or partial excision of the cyst with identification and ligation of the communicating pedicle. Selective laminectomy, partial excision of the cyst and wide fenestration to sustain CSF flow is the recommended treatment in Intradural SAC.
تعزيز مفهوم الاستدامة في تصميم عبوات المياه البلاستيكية
Authors: الجار الله خلود 
Published: September 2024

إن سلسلة من الأزمات التي تهدد الاستدامة تضع البشرية في مأزق بين المخاطر البيئية والمخاطر المجتمعية المرتبطة بالاستخدامات اليومية. ولمواجهة احد التحديات الروتينية في الحياة اليومية، بحثت هذه الدراسة في حل الاحتكاك بين استدامة الاقتصاد الأخضر والحفاظ على البيئة من خلال مقارنة تجربة استخدام زجاجات المياه البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد والزجاجات العادية بين فئات عمرية مختلفة.
وهدفت الدراسة تسليط الضوء على التحول من النهج الانتقائي الموجه نحو الكفاءة للاقتصاد الخطي إلى الاقتصاد الدائري المتكامل الذي يركز على الفعالية للتعويض عن الآثار السلبية لخيار الزجاجة المفضل على البيئة ودعم سهولة الاستخدام للجميع بشكل عام وفئة كبار السن بشكل خاص.
ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة ومعالجة المشكلة البحثية فقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهجين الوصفي التحليلي وذلك من خلال عرض بعض الدراسات السابقة التي تناولت اشكال من صعوبات استخدام عبوات المياه البلاستيكية كما ذكرنا مسبقاً والمنهج التجريبي لوضع بعض المعايير التصميمية في تصميم العبوة الجديدة نفسها أو الأدوات المساعدة في هذا الغرض وايضاً المنهج التطبيقي لأجراء دراسة تحليلية لأكثر من تصميم لاحدي العبوات البلاستيكية الموجودة في الأسواق والمقترحة (التصميم الجديد) ومواصفات ومدى سهولة استخدام كل عبوة وهل تلبي احتياجات المستخدم ام لا ؟.
وتمت الدراسة التطبيقية من خلال تحليل الاستبيان الذي تم توزيعه على مجموعة مستجابة للتجربة مكونة من 72 شخص كعينة عشوائية من أصل111 شخص تم قصدهم من الفئات العمرية المختلفة من الجنسين (ذكور- اناث) أي بنسبة استجابة تقارب 65%، وأظهرت النتائج ان النموذج المقترح حقق نسب مختلفة باختلاف اماكن التوزيع طبقاً لأهداف وعناصر تحسين تجربة المستخدم.
وتؤكد نتائج الدراسة عدم الرضا الكثير من المستخدمين بشكل يومي لتلك العبوات البلاستيكية المتاحة عند بعض الفئات وان كانت بشكل كبير عند فئة كبار السن والشباب في سن الحركة الكثيرة والرياضة وذلك ضمن تحديد سمات معينة للزجاجات بمواصفاتها المختلفة لتعزيز قابلية وسهولة الاستخدام وفتح الزجاجة او حملها او التنقل بها لتكون كافية لديهم بكمية المياه المعبئة.
وانتهت الدراسة بتوصيات ويتمثل أهمها في انه يجب أن يحدد مجتمع الصناعة والتصميم التي تدعم التعايش بين البشر والطبيعة على الأرض من خلال منظور استكشافي وإزالة الحواجز، مثل الجمود الصناعي. كمطورين ومصممين للمنتجات، فمازال لدينا القدرة على سد الفجوات بين السياسات التقليدية والضرورات البيئية والتحديات المرتبطة بصعوبة الاستخدام لمثل تلك المنتج (زجاجات المياه البلاستيكية) لخلق مستقبل أفضل للأشخاص المحاطين بمنتجات مختلفة وخاصةً عند كبار السن والشباب في سن الحركة الكثيرة والرياضة.
A Circular Ring Patch Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection Based on Return Loss and VSWR
Authors: Ahmed Md. Firoz 
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer is a serious condition that affects women and requires timely identification. Various methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, digital mammography, and computer-aided detection are used for this purpose. However, these techniques have their drawbacks. To address this issue, a new approach is proposed and detailed in this paper. In this novel method, a circular patch antenna is employed to detect tumors in a breast phantom. The analysis of return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) helps in identifying the presence of tumors. High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is employed to design and simulate the antenna for an ultra-wideband (3.1 – 10.6 GHz) frequency of 5.2 GHz, along with a breast phantom with and without a tumor. The antenna is independently simulated on both the breast phantoms with and without tumors. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) dielectric material is employed to design the antenna, with overall dimensions of 30 × 20 × 0.8 mm3. It possesses a dielectric constant of 2.2, a tangent loss of 0.02, and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The ring slot and partial ground plane techniques are employed to increase the overall effectiveness of the antenna. The properties of the antenna, such as return loss and VSWR, change when simulated with and without a tumor. The presence of a tumor within the breast is clearly indicated by the alterations in return loss and VSWR. The antenna proposed exhibits remarkable efficacy in the detection of tumors owing to its inconspicuous features, straightforward design, petite dimensions, and ideal impedance matching.
Penyuluhan dan Pendampingan Pembuatan Peraturan Desa tentang Penerbitan Hewan Ternak di Desa Adolang Dhua Kecamatan Pamboang, Kabupaten Majene
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Abbas Ahmad , Aswad Muhammad , Haris Abdul Gaffar , Saal Nur Iman 
Published: September 2024

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini merupakan kelanjutan dari kegiatan sosialisasi LKBH Abdi Keadilan di Desa Adolang Dhua. Dalam kegiatan tersebut, muncul pertanyaan dari berbagai masyarakat dan pengakuan dari Kepala Desa yang menanyakan bagaimana penegakan hukum terhadap ternak yang masuk ke pekarangan dan merusak lahan pertanian warga. Karena tidak ada aturan yang jelas di tingkat desa mengenai upaya atas liarnya hewan ternak tersebut yang masuk ke pekaranagn dan pertanian warga, maka kepala desa tidak bisa memberikan solusi atas masalah hewan ternak yang masuk ke lahan warga. Oleh karena itu, perselisihan antara petani pemilik lahan dan pemilik ternak sering terjadi. Metodologi pengabdian yang dipakai adalah riset aksi, salah satu jenis riset aksi yang sering dikenal adalah Participation Action Research (PAR). Bahwa berdasarkan hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang pendampingan dan pembuatan rancangan peraturan desa Adolang Dhua tentang Penertiban Hewan Ternak ini dengan menggunakan metode Participation Action Research (PAR) telah berjalan dengan lancar. Tim pengabdi bersama dengan unsur pemerintahan Desa Adolang Dhua yaitu anggota Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dan Kepala Desa Adolang Dhua telah berhasil membuat rancangan Peraturan Desa yang sesuai dengan usulan dan harapan Masyarakat desa Adolang Dhua.
Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang Sebagai Perencanaan KB Pascasalin dalam Kelas Ibu Hamil
Authors: Mirawati Mirawati , Rahmah Afiatun , Agustin Noradina Anggi , Ariana Rahma Alifhia , Saufita Gisna 
Published: September 2024

Pengetahuan dan implementasi penggunaan metode kontrasepsi khususnya Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) saat ini masih rendah. Padahal MKJP mmpunyai beberapa kelebihan seperti tingkat keefektifan yang tinggi, tingkat kegagalan yang rendah, komplikasi ataupun efek samping yang dialami klien yang lebih sedikit apabila dibandingkan dengan metode kontrasepsi yang lain. Kelas ibu hamil dapat menjadi wadah tersosialisasinya MKJP dengan baik untuk perencanaan penggunaan kontrasepsi pascasalin. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang MKJP sehingga dapat meningkatkan penggunaan MKJP pada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu penyuluhan tentang MKJP menggunakan media leaflet dan video edukasi. Adapun kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang MKJP dari 75% menjadi 91% dan dari 15 peserta terdapat 5 peserta rencana mengunakan IUD dan Implan sebagai pilihan alat kontasepsi setelah pascasalin. Harapannya adalah bidan aktif berperan dalam setiap pelaksanaan konseling kepada masyarakat agar meningkatnya keinginan dan minat masyarakat dalam penggunaan alat kontrasepsi jangka panjang.
دراسة استقصائية حول بروتوكول نظام اسم المجال والتحديات الأمنية المصاحبة له
Authors: الترجمان وسام 
Published: September 2024

تكمن أهمية بروتوكول نظام اسم المجال في كونه أساسيا للقيام بأي عملية اتصال على شبكة المعلومات الدولية (الإنترنت)، مما يجعل خوادم هذا البروتوكول على الشبكة هدفا مهما لقراصنة المعلومات. وذلك لأن السيطرة على خادم نظام اسم المجال يعني السيطرة التامة على الشبكة التابعة له حيث يمكن من خلال ذلك الخادم توجيه اتصالات المستخدمين لأي خوادم وهمية للحصول على بياناتهم الخصوصية مثلا، أو قطع كافة الاتصالات عنهم. و على الرغم من أهمية هذا البروتوكول و حساسيته الأمنية إلا أن التصميم الأساسي له لم يأخذ بعين الاعتبار الاحتياطات الأمنية اللازمة لضمان عدم اختراق خوادم هذا البروتوكول و ذلك لأن أمن المعلومات لم يكن على قائمة الأولويات في ذلك الوقت من عمر شبكة الإنترنت.
بعد تنفيذ البروتوكول والعمل به لعدة سنوات أظهرت الأبحاث المختلفة نقاط ضعف وثغرات أمنية متنوعة فيه. إذ يمكن تنفيذ العديد من الهجمات التخريبية عن طريق استغلال تلك الثغرات والتي من الممكن أن تشكل خطورة بالغة على كافة مستخدمي شبكة الإنترنت. وتركز الأبحاث الحديثة لأمن المعلومات على إنشاء إجراءات عملية مضادة للتغلب على تلك المشكلات.
ولكي نضع القارئ في السياق المناسب لمحتوى المقالة رأينا أن نسلط الضوء في البداية على أساسيات عمل البروتوكول ثم ننتقل للحديث عن الثغرات الأمنية الموجودة بتصميم البروتوكول، وأخيرا سنقوم باستعراض الطرق المتبعة حاليا للتغلب على تلك الثغرات.
Removal of Multi-heavy Metals from Simulated Wastewater using Hybrid Modified Carbonized Palm Shell and Rice Husk Adsorbents
Authors: Alguail Alsadek , Al-Eggiely Ali , Omymen Waleed 
Published: September 2024

It necessary to remove heavy metals from wastewater in order to comply with environmental regulations and for sake of human health and safety. The purposes of the present study was to prepare hybrid modified adsorbent from the carbonized palm shell and rice husk by physical treatment for the removal of 13 multi heavy metal component from simulated wastewater by single bed adsorption column. The Metals being studied are Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Lead, Lithium, Molybdenum, Nickel, Antimony, Vanadium and zinc. Six types of adsorbents were used for metal removal which are (100% BRH) adsorbent; (100% CPS) adsorbent , and four hybrids adsorbent prepared by mixing the blended rice husk and carbonized palm kernel shell with mixing ratios 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% wt Blended Rice Husk . The obtained results of the individual area under the graph analysis showed that cadmium, copper, lithium; vanadium elements were strongly adsorbed by hybrid adsorbents with achieved removal efficiency of 99.95%, 99.97%, 31.23%, and 89.58% with least area under the graph values of 3294.65, 2015.52, 118.231, and 115.18 respectively. As a conclusion, the mixing of blended rice husk and carbonized palm shell as hybrid adsorbent contributed to enhance the adsorption performance of cadmium, copper, lithium, vanadium, elements which demonstrated by less area under the graph values compared with pure carbonized palm shell and pure rice husk adsorbents.