bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fathers make a difference: positive relationships with mother and baby in relation to infant colic
Authors: Alexander C. P. , Zhu J. , Paul I. M. , Kjerulff K. H. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundMaternal psychological factors like depression, anxiety and stress have been associated with infant fussiness or colic. However, little research exists on whether positive factors such as social support and the happiness of the mother–partner relationship are associated with lower rates of infant fussiness or colic.ObjectivesWe investigated the association between infant colic and three types of maternal support: general maternal social support (during pregnancy and post partum), the happiness of the mother–partner relationship (during pregnancy and post partum) and partner involvement in caring for the newborn.MethodsParticipants were 3006 women in the First Baby Study, a prospective study of the effect of mode of first delivery on subsequent childbearing. Women were interviewed by telephone during pregnancy and 1 month after first childbirth and asked about social support and if their baby had a variety of problems since birth, including ‘Colic – crying or fussiness three or more hours a day’. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to model the association between maternal support and infant colic, controlling for confounders, including maternal race or ethnicity, insurance, marital status, smoking, mode of delivery, maternal post‐partum depression, breastfeeding, other neonatal illnesses and newborn gestational age.ResultsInfant colic was reported by 11.6% of new mothers. High general maternal social support (in comparison with low), measured during pregnancy, was associated with lower reported infant colic (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–0.75) and measured post partum (AOR, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.39–0.67); high relationship happiness (in comparison with low), measured during pregnancy (AOR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.54–0.93), and measured post partum (AOR, 0.22, 95% CI, 0.12–0.40); and high partner involvement with newborn care (in comparison with low) (AOR, 0.60, 95% CI, 0.44–0.81).ConclusionHigher levels of maternal social support during pregnancy and post partum are associated with lower rates of maternal reported infant colic.
Factors influencing uptake of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) immunization in site‐dwelling Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (G&T) communities: a qualitative study of G&T parents' beliefs and experiences
Authors: Newton P. , Smith D. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing immunization in the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (G&T) community is a key priority for improving health outcomes in this community. This study aimed to explore G&T parents: (1) beliefs about childhood immunization; (2) beliefs about the risks of immunization and non‐immunization; (3) perceived obstacles to, and facilitators of, immunization and (4) views on increasing immunization levels.MethodA cross‐sectional, qualitative study was conducted comprising of five focus groups with 16 site‐dwelling G&T women with pre‐school aged children. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsFive main themes were identified:

Lay understandings of causation and risk;
Timing of immunization;
Children being perceived as vulnerable;
The fit between lifestyle and healthcare provision;
The impact of living with a high burden of disease.
ConclusionUnderstanding of the risks and benefits of measles, mumps and rubella immunization did not differ significantly from the wider population or those promoted by the health service. The majority of barriers stemmed from living with the effects of long‐standing health inequalities, which posed further barriers to accessing immunization, and shaped beliefs about immunization. Factors facilitating uptake occurred where access to immunization services was made flexible, e.g. immunization on traveller sites.
Features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma associated with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis
Authors: Jeon Min Ji , Chung Mi Sun , Kwon Hyemi , Kim Mijin , Park Suyeon , Baek Jung Hwan , Song Dong Eun , Sung Tae‐Yon , Hong Suck Joon , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Lee Jeong Hyun , Kim Won Gu 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectivesPapillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has an excellent prognosis with an indolent disease course. However, some PTMCs have an aggressive course with lateral cervical lymph node (LCLN) metastasis or distant metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the pre‐operative features of PTMC associated with LCLN metastasis.Design and PatientsThis retrospective cohort study with a nested, matched case–control design included 199 PTMC patients with LCLN metastasis at initial surgery (N1b group) and 196 PTMC patients without any LN metastasis or persistent disease (N0 NED group) as controls; primary tumour sizes were matched.ResultsCompared with the N0 NED group, the N1b group was younger (<50 years) and more likely to be male (P = 0·002 and P = 0·003, respectively). On pre‐operative neck ultrasonography (US), N1b group PTMCs were more commonly associated with a location in the upper lobes of the thyroid, or in the subcapsular area and microcalcifications than N0 NED group PTMCs (all P < 0·001). An increase in the number of these features was significantly associated with a higher risk of LCLN metastasis (P < 0·001). Evaluation of the clinical and pre‐operative US characteristics of 26 patients with confirmed LCLN recurrence after initial treatment of clinical N0 PTMCs revealed that the distribution of the number of suspicious features in these patients was similar to that of the N1b group.ConclusionsPapillary thyroid microcarcinomas in young (<50 years) or male patients, with an upper lobe or subcapsular location, and with microcalcification have a higher risk of LCLN metastasis. Individualized management according to the number of these suspicious features may be needed for small thyroid nodules.
Performance of IUCN proxies for generation length
Authors: Fung Han Chi , Waples Robin S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the criteria used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess threat status is the rate of decline in abundance over 3 generations or 10 years, whichever is longer. The traditional method for calculating generation length (T) uses age‐specific survival and fecundity, but these data are rarely available. Consequently, proxies that require less information are often used, which introduces potential biases. The IUCN recommends 2 proxies based on adult mortality rate,= α + 1/d, and reproductive life span,=α + z*RL, whereαis age at first reproduction,dis adult mortality rate, RL is reproductive life span, andzis a coefficient derived from data for comparable species. We used published life tables for 78 animal and plant populations to evaluate precision and bias of these proxies by comparingandwith true generation length. Mean error rates in estimatingTwere 31% forand 20% for, but error rates forwere 16% when we subtracted 1 year (), as suggested by theory;also provided largely unbiased estimates regardless of the true generation length. Performance ofdepends on compilation of detailed data for comparable species, but our results suggest taxonomy is not a reliable indicator of comparability. All 3 proxies depend heavily on a reliable estimate of age at first reproduction, as we illustrated with 2 test species. The relatively large mean errors for all proxies emphasized the importance of collecting the detailed life‐history information necessary to calculate true generation length. Unfortunately, publication of such data is less common than it was decades ago. We identified generic patterns of age‐specific change in vital rates that can be used to predict expected patterns of bias from applying.
Tuberculosis associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sarkar Malay , Srinivasa  , Madabhavi Irappa , Kumar Kushal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesReviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and treatment of tuberculosis associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Data sourceWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the CINAHL from inception to June 2016. We used the following search terms: Tuberculosis, COPD, Tuberculosis associated COPD, and so forth. All types of study were chosen.Results and ConclusionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis are significant public health problems, particularly in developing countries. Although, smoking is the conventional risk factor for COPD, nonsmoking related risk factors such as biomass fuel exposure, childhood lower‐respiratory tract infections, chronic asthma, outdoor air pollution, and prior history of pulmonary tuberculosis have become important risk factors of COPD, particularly in developing countries. Past history of tuberculosis as a risk factor of chronic airflow obstruction has been reported in several studies. It may develop during the course of tuberculosis or after completion of tuberculosis treatment. Developing countries with large burden of tuberculosis can contribute significantly to the burden of chronic airflow obstruction. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis should be emphasized to lessen the future burden of chronic airflow obstruction.
Functional outcomes in children and young people with dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Monbaliu Elegast , De La Peña Mary‐Grace , Ortibus Els , Molenaers Guy , Deklerck Jan , Feys Hilde 
Published: March 2017

AimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to map the functional profile of individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP), to determine interrelationships between the functional classification systems, and to investigate the relationship of functional abilities with dystonia and choreoathetosis severity.MethodsFifty‐five children (<15y) and young people (15–22y) (30 males, 25 females; mean age 14y 6mo, standard deviation 4y 1mo) with dyskinetic CP were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), and Viking Speech Scale (VSS), as well as the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale.ResultsOver 50 per cent of the participants exhibited the highest limitation levels in GMFCS, MACS, and VSS. Better functional abilities were seen in EDACS and CFCS. Moderate to excellent interrelationship was found among the classification scales. All scales had significant correlation (rs=0.65 – 0.81) with dystonia severity except for CFCS in the young people group. Finally, only MACS (rs=0.40) and EDACS (rs=0.55) in the young people group demonstrated significant correlation with choreoathetosis severity.InterpretationThe need for inclusion of speech, eating, and drinking in the functional assessment of dyskinetic CP is highlighted. The study further supports the strategy of managing dystonia in particular at a younger age followed by choreoathetosis in a later stage.
Selective voluntary motor control measures of the lower extremity in children with upper motor neuron lesions: a systematic review
Authors: Balzer Julia , van der Linden Marietta L , Mercer Thomas H , van Hedel Hubertus J A 
Published: March 2017

AimRecovery and trainability of impaired selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) of the lower extremity in children with upper motor neuron lesions has received little attention. To facilitate an evidence‐based debate about this topic, this review evaluates the evidence level of the psychometric properties ofSVMCmeasures.MethodMEDLINE, Embase,CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane andPEDro databases were systematically searched up to July 2016. Two independent raters scored the methodological quality in accordance to theCOnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health MeasurementINstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The overall level of evidence was scored according to Cochrane criteria.ResultsWe identified 3590 studies, of which 17 were included.COSMINscores ranged from ‘poor’ to ‘excellent’ for studies investigating measurement properties of the Selective Motor Control test, modified Trost test, Gillette's Selective Motor Control test, Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE), kinematic measures, electromyography, and torque steadiness. Studies assessing the SCALE scored highest onCOSMINitems. Evidence levels for SCALE's validity and reliability properties were moderate, while for the otherSVMCmeasures these ranged from unknown to moderate. Responsiveness was not assessed.InterpretationFurther psychometric studies ofSVMCmeasures are needed to provide a scientific contribution to the ongoing debate ofSVMCtrainability.
Reconciling fracture toughness parameter contradictions in thin ductile metal sheets
Authors: Lanning W. R. , Javaid S. S. , Muhlstein C. L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe well‐known trade‐off between strength and fracture toughness in bulk specimens is often used to explain the low fracture toughness of very thin ductile face‐centred cubic metal specimens, but this interpretation contradicts the relative length scales of thickness‐dependent strength and thickness‐dependent fracture toughness. This study uses the concept of similitude to demonstrate that linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis of 25.4 μm thick annealed aluminium is invalid, although the resulting fracture toughness measurements fit well with the existing literature and idea of a strength/fracture toughness trade‐off. Similarly, an elastic plastic fracture mechanics analysis is sensitive to out‐of‐plane deformation that cannot be practically eliminated or corrected for with a model. However, a plastic collapse analysis using a critical net section stress criterion is demonstrably valid by the concept of similitude, is insensitive to out of plane deformation, and agrees with the evidence of extensive plasticity in the fracture surfaces.
The Impact of the Degree of Aquifer Confinement and Anisotropy on Tidal Pulse Propagation
Authors: Shuai Pin , Knappett Peter S. K. , Hossain Saddam , Hosain Alamgir , Rhodes Kimberly , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Cardenas M. Bayani 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOceanic tidal fluctuations which propagate long distances up coastal rivers can be exploited to constrain hydraulic properties of riverbank aquifers. These estimates, however, may be sensitive to degree of aquifer confinement and aquifer anisotropy. We analyzed the hydraulic properties of a tidally influenced aquifer along the Meghna River in Bangladesh using: (1) slug tests combined with drilling logs and surface resistivity to estimate Transmissivity (T); (2) a pumping test to estimate T and Storativity (S) and thus Aquifer Diffusivity (DPT); and (3) the observed reduction in the amplitude and velocity of a tidal pulse to calculate D using the Jacob‐Ferris analytical solution. Average Hydraulic Conductivity (K) and T estimated with slug tests and borehole lithology were 27.3 m/d and 564 m2/d, respectively. Values of T and S determined from the pumping test ranged from 400 to 500 m2/d and 1 to 5 × 10−4, respectively with DPT ranging from 9 to 40 × 105 m2/d. In contrast, D estimated from the Jacob‐Ferris model ranged from 0.5 to 9 × 104 m2/d. We hypothesized this error resulted from deviations of the real aquifer conditions from those assumed by the Jacob‐Ferris model. Using a 2D numerical model tidal pulses were simulated across a range of conditions and D was calculated with the Jacob‐Ferris model. Moderately confined (Ktop/Kaquifer < 0.01) or anisotropic aquifers (Kx/Kz > 10) yield D within a factor of 2 of the actual value. The order of magnitude difference in D between pumping test and Jacob‐Ferris model at our site argues for little confinement or anisotropy.
Digitally enabled affordances for community‐driven environmental movement in rural Malaysia
Authors: Tim Yenni , Pan Shan L. , Bahri Shamshul , Fauzi Ali 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe immense environmental challenges facing society today have necessitated a research effort toward exploring digitally enabled solutions for environmental problems. Only limited research exists today to inform our understanding on how technology could assist groups of individuals in cultivating collective commitment and engaging in actions for environmental sustainability. By presenting an in‐depth case study of a social media‐enabled grassroots environmental movement in rural Malaysia, this paper aims to illuminate and understand an underresearched phenomenon of community‐driven environmental sustainability. This study makes 2 contributions: (1) we draw on the perspective of technology affordances to shed light on both the enabling power and unintended consequences of social media in the pursuit of environmental sustainability; and on that account, (2) we contribute rich, empirically informed insights toward understanding the underresearched phenomenon of digitally enabled, community‐driven environmental sustainability.
Risk management analysis in Scrum software projects
Authors: Tavares Breno Gontijo , da Silva Carlos Eduardo Sanches , de Souza Adler Diniz 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the reasons for the failure of software projects is the absence of risk management procedures or its improper application. The adoption of Scrum in software projects is increasing. However, such approach does not specify risk management activities. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted using a qualitative approach to analyze how risk management is carried out in Scrum software projects. Consequently, we present risk management practices that achieved greater and lesser agreement among respondents and the literature, respectively. We found that risk management must be applied continuously in a feedback loop. Furthermore, Scrum projects must not have a high formal planning level, even for high‐risk ones. The research verified that risk management in Scrum is performed differently from its application in traditional approaches. The framework has native resources, but classic processes of risk management would be incorporated and adapted.
Qiliqiangxin protects against anoxic injury in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells via NRG‐1/ErbB‐PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Zhou Jingmin , Wang Yanyan , Yang Chunjie , Fu Mingqiang , Zhang Jingjing , Han Xueting , Li Zhiming , Hu Kai , Ge Junbo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are important angiogenic components and are injured rapidly after cardiac ischaemia and anoxia. Cardioprotective effects of Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been displayed recently. This study aims to investigate whether QL could protect CMECs against anoxic injury and to explore related signalling mechanisms. CMECs were successfully cultured from Sprague‐Dawley rats and exposed to anoxia for 12 hrs in the absence and presence of QL. Cell migration assay and capillary‐like tube formation assay on Matrigel were performed, and cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and caspase‐3 activity. Neuregulin‐1 (NRG‐1) siRNA and LY294002 were administrated to block NRG‐1/ErbB and PI3K/Akt signalling, respectively. As a result, anoxia inhibited cell migration, capillary‐like tube formation and angiogenesis, and increased cell apoptosis. QL significantly reversed these anoxia‐induced injuries and up‐regulated expressions of NRG‐1, phospho‐ErbB2, phospho‐ErbB4, phospho‐Akt, phospho‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CMECs, while NRG‐1 knockdown abolished the protective effects of QL with suppressed NRG‐1, phospho‐ErbB2, phospho‐ErbB4, phospho‐Akt, phospho‐mTOR, HIF‐1α and VEGF expressions. Similarly, LY294002 interrupted the beneficial effects of QL with down‐regulated phospho‐Akt, phospho‐mTOR, HIF‐1α and VEGF expressions. However, it had no impact on NRG‐1/ErbB signalling. Our data indicated that QL could attenuate anoxia‐induced injuries in CMECs via NRG‐1/ErbB signalling which was most probably dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Processing and secretion of guanylate binding protein‐1 depend on inflammatory caspase activity
Authors: Naschberger Elisabeth , Geißdörfer Walter , Bogdan Christian , Tripal Philipp , Kremmer Elisabeth , Stürzl Michael , Britzen‐Laurent Nathalie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHuman guanylate binding protein‐1 (GBP‐1) belongs to the family of large GTPases. The expression of GBP‐1 is inducible by inflammatory cytokines, and the protein is involved in inflammatory processes and host defence against cellular pathogens. GBP‐1 is the first GTPase which was described to be secreted by eukaryotic cells. Here, we report that precipitation of GBP‐1 with GMP‐agarose from cell culture supernatants co‐purified a 47‐kD fragment of GBP‐1 (p47‐GBP‐1) in addition to the 67‐kD full‐length form. MALDI‐TOF sequencing revealed that p47‐GBP‐1 corresponds to the C‐terminal helical part of GBP‐1 and lacks most of the globular GTPase domain. In silico analyses of protease target sites, together with cleavage experiments in vitro and in vivo, showed that p67‐GBP‐1 is cleaved by the inflammatory caspases 1 and 5, leading to the formation of p47‐GBP‐1. Furthermore, the secretion of p47‐GBP‐1 was found to occur via a non‐classical secretion pathway and to be dependent on caspase‐1 activity but independent of inflammasome activation. Finally, we showed that p47‐GBP‐1 represents the predominant form of secreted GBP‐1, both in cell culture supernatants and, in vivo, in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis, indicating that it may represent the biologically active form of extracellular GBP‐1. These findings confirm the involvement of caspase‐1 in non‐classical secretion mechanisms and open novel perspectives for the extracellular function of secreted GBP‐1.
TUSC3: a novel tumour suppressor gene and its functional implications
Authors: Yu Xinshuang , Zhai Chunjuan , Fan Yujun , Zhang Jiandong , Liang Ning , Liu Fengjun , Cao Lili , Wang Jia , Du Juan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe tumour suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) gene is located on chromosome region 8p22 and encodes the 34 kD TUSC3 protein, which is a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase responsible for the N‐glycosylation of nascent proteins. Known to be related to autosomal recessive mental retardation for several years, TUSC3 has only recently been identified as a potential tumour suppressor gene. Based on the structure and function of TUSC3, specific mechanisms in various diseases have been investigated. Several studies have demonstrated that TUSC3 is an Mg2+‐transporter involved in magnesium transport and homeostasis, which is important for learning and memory, embryonic development and testis maturation. Moreover, dysfunction or deletion of TUSC3 exerts its oncological effects as a modulator by inhibiting glycosylation efficiency and consequently inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and malignant cell transformation. In this study, we summarize the advances in the studies of TUSC3 and comment on the potential roles of TUSC3 in diagnosis and treatment of TUSC3‐related diseases, especially cancer.