bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C18‐COOH Silica: Preparation, Characterisation and Its Application in Purification of Quaternary Ammonium Alkaloids from Coptis chinensis
Authors: Wang Qing , Long Yao , Yao Lin , Ye Mao , Xu Li 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionTraditional methods for isolating and purifying quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Coptis chinensis do not discriminate the target alkaloids from co‐extractives. Mixed‐mode analytical chromatography has the potential to improve the separation of analytes in more complex extracts and, when used in a solid‐phase extraction mode, improve the purity of isolated compounds.ObjectiveTo examine the high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation capabilities of a mixed‐mode, silica‐based adsorbent and its application to the purification of quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Coptis chinensis based on solid‐phase extraction.MethodologyThe C18‐COOH silica was prepared via “thiol‐ene” click chemistry. Its chromatographic performance was firstly investigated. It was employed as the solid‐phase extraction sorbent to purify quaternary ammonium alkaloids.ResultsHydrophobic, attractive/repulsive electrostatic and ion‐exchange interactions were demonstrated to be the possible retention mechanisms of a C18‐COOH silica stationary phase, which could separate analytes of various properties. In addition, to purify quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Coptis chinensis, the solid‐phase extraction approach based on the C18‐COOH silica provided a slightly higher purification efficiency (6.7%) than an alkaloid‐salt precipitation protocol (5.3%). The method had satisfactory reproducibility, re‐using the same solid‐phase extraction column three times, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.99% to 8.02% for the six target alkaloids.ConclusionA multi‐functionalised silica was synthesised via “click chemistry”. As the high‐performance liquid chromatographic stationary phase, the C18‐COOH silica could be operated in trimodal reversed‐phase/weak cation exchange/hydrophilic interaction mode. The C18‐COOH silica also exhibited potential as solid‐phase extraction sorbent in the purification of quaternary ammonium alkaloids from complex matrices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in the solution self‐assembly of amphiphilic “rod‐coil” copolymers
Authors: Wu Dongdong , Huang Yinjuan , Xu Fugui , Mai Yiyong , Yan Deyue 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTSolution self‐assembly of amphiphilic “rod‐coil” copolymers, especially linear block copolymers and graft copolymers (also referred to as polymer brushes), has attracted considerable interest, as replacing one of the blocks of a coil‐coil copolymer with a rigid segment results in distinct self‐assembly features compared with those of the coil‐coil copolymer. The unique interplay between microphase separation of the rod and coil blocks with great geometric disparities can lead to the formation of unusual morphologies that are distinctly different from those known for coil‐coil copolymers. This review presents the recent achievements in the controlled self‐assembly of rod‐coil linear block copolymers and graft copolymers in solution, focusing on copolymer systems containing conjugated polymers, liquid crystalline polymers, polypeptides, and polyisocyanates as the rod segments. The discussions concentrate on the principle of controlling over the morphology of rod‐coil copolymer assemblies, as well as their distinctive optical and optoelectronic properties or biocompatibility and stimuli‐responsiveness, which afford the assemblies great potential as functional materials particularly for optical, optoelectronic and biological applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1459–1477
Grignard condensation routes to 1,3‐disilacyclobutane‐containing cyclolinear polycarbosilanes
Authors: Liu Xinxing , Rathore Jitendra S. , Dubois Geraud , Interrante Leonard V. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAlkylene‐ and arylene‐bridged cyclolinear polycarbosilanes (CLPCS) with 1,3‐disilacyclobutane (DSCB) rings incorporated in the main chain of the polymer were prepared by polycondensation between corresponding di‐functional DSCB derivatives and di‐Grignard reagents. Well‐defined, low molecular weight (Mn = 3–5K; DP = 17–26), hexylene‐ and phenylene‐bridged CLPCS polymers were obtained without appreciable ring opening of the DSCB rings. Large exothermic peaks were observed in the DSC for these CLPCSs, which indicated, along with the IR spectra, that crosslinking occurred on heating to about 250 °C via the ring opening of the embedded, alternating, DSCB rings. Moreover, PB‐CLPCS undergoes photochemically induced crosslinking on UV irradiation to form crosslinked polycarbosilane network films. The spin‐cast, cured, films of these CLPCSs exhibit relatively low dielectric constants and promising thermal and mechanical properties for applications in electronics, for example, directly UV‐photoimprinted low‐k dielectrics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1547–1557
Comparative proteomic analysis of the influence of gender and acid stimulation on normal human saliva using LC/MS/MS
Authors: Xiao Xiaoping , Liu Yaoran , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Haidan , Li Qian , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2017

PurposeHuman saliva is an important source for disease biomarker discovery. This study is to investigate the influence of gender and acid stimulation on the normal human salivary proteome.Experimental designUnstimulated and acid‐stimulated saliva samples from 5 males and 5 females were labeled with 4‐plex iTRAQ and analyzed by 2‐DLC MS/MS. By bioinformatics analysis the gender and acid stimulation related proteins were defined. According to protein annotation the important proteins were validated by multiple reaction monitor analysis.ResultsA total of 1770 proteins were identified, and 82 proteins in unstimulated saliva were found to be gender‐specific, mainly associated with immune function, metabolism and inflammation. However, no gender‐specific proteins were found in acid‐stimulated saliva. In addition, 182 and 307 differential proteins were found to be acid stimulation‐specific in male samples and female samples, respectively, mainly participated in the process of cellular movement, immune function and inflammatory response. Besides, it was found that acid stimulation caused more significant alteration and played a more important role in the human salivary proteome than gender. Gender‐specific (IGHG2 and TIMP1) and acid stimulation (PERL, ENOA, ACTB, B4E022 and CALL3) related proteins were validated by MRM analysis.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results indicate that gender differences exist in the unstimulated salivary proteome, and the influence of acid stimulation on the salivary proteome was more significant than that of gender. The above results may be helpful for salivary proteome research in the future.
Optimization by infusion of multiple reaction monitoring transitions for sensitive quantification of peptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Alghanem Bandar , Nikitin Frédéric , Stricker Thomas , Duchoslav Eva , Luban Jeremy , Strambio‐De‐Castillia Caterina , Muller Markus , Lisacek Frédérique , Varesio Emmanuel , Hopfgartner Gérard 
Published: February 2017

RationaleIn peptide quantification by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), the optimization of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) parameters is essential for sensitive detection. We have compared different approaches to build MRM assays, based either on flow injection analysis (FIA) of isotopically labelled peptides, or on the knowledge and the prediction of the best settings for MRM transitions and collision energies (CE). In this context, we introduce MRMOptimizer, an open‐source software tool that processes spectra and assists the user in selecting transitions in the FIA workflow.MethodsMS/MS spectral libraries with CE voltages from 10 to 70 V are automatically acquired in FIA mode for isotopically labelled peptides. Then MRMOptimizer determines the optimal MRM settings for each peptide. To assess the quantitative performance of our approach, 155 peptides, representing 84 proteins, were analysed by LC/MRM‐MS and the peak areas were compared between: (A) the MRMOptimizer‐based workflow, (B1) the SRMAtlas transitions set used ‘as‐is’; (B2) the same SRMAtlas set with CE parameters optimized by Skyline.Results51% of the three most intense transitions per peptide were shown to be common to both A and B1/B2 methods, and displayed similar sensitivity and peak area distributions. The peak areas obtained with MRMOptimizer for transitions sharing either the precursor ion charge state or the fragment ions with the SRMAtlas set at unique transitions were increased 1.8‐ to 2.3‐fold. The gain in sensitivity using MRMOptimizer for transitions with different precursor ion charge state and fragment ions (8% of the total), reaches a ~ 11‐fold increase.ConclusionsIsotopically labelled peptides can be used to optimize MRM transitions more efficiently in FIA than by searching databases. The MRMOptimizer software is MS independent and enables the post‐acquisition selection of MRM parameters. Coefficients of variation for optimal CE values are lower than those obtained with the SRMAtlas approach (B2) and one additional peptide was detected. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State synchronization of linear and nonlinear agents in time‐varying networks
Authors: Zhang Meirong , Saberi Ali , Stoorvogel Anton A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper studies state synchronization of homogeneous time‐varying networks with diffusive full‐state coupling or partial‐state coupling. In the case of full‐state coupling, linear agents as well as a class of nonlinear time‐varying agents are considered. In the case of partial‐state coupling, we only consider linear agents, but, in contrast with the literature, we do not require the agents in the network to be minimum phase or at most weakly unstable. In both cases, the network is time‐varying in the sense that the network graph switches within an infinite set of graphs with arbitrarily small dwell time. A purely decentralized linear static protocol is designed for agents in the network with full‐state coupling. For partial‐state coupling, a linear dynamic protocol is designed for agents in the network while using additional communication among controller variables using the same network. In both cases, the design is based on a high‐gain methodology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-Distance Axonal Growth and Protracted Functional Maturation of Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells After Intracerebral Transplantation
Authors: Niclis Jonathan C. , Turner Christopher , Durnall Jennifer , McDougal Stuart , Kauhausen Jessica A. , Leaw Bryan , Dottori Mirella , Parish Clare L. , Thompson Lachlan H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The capacity for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to be differentiated into a wide range of neural cell types makes them an attractive donor source for autologous neural transplantation therapies aimed at brain repair. Translation to the in vivo setting has been difficult, however, with mixed results in a wide variety of preclinical models of brain injury and limited information on the basic in vivo properties of neural grafts generated from human iPS cells. Here we have generated a human iPS cell line constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein as a basis to identify and characterize grafts resulting from transplantation of neural progenitors into the adult rat brain. The results show that the grafts contain a mix of neural cell types, at various stages of differentiation, including neurons that establish extensive patterns of axonal growth and progressively develop functional properties over the course of 1 year after implantation. These findings form an important basis for the design and interpretation of preclinical studies using human stem cells for functional circuit re-construction in animal models of brain injury.
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promote Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells Through miRNA-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Mead Ben , Tomarev Stanislav 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons is one of the leading causes of blindness and includes traumatic (optic neuropathy) and degenerative (glaucoma) eye diseases. Although no clinical therapies are in use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have demonstrated significant neuroprotective and axogenic effects on RGC in both of the aforementioned models. Recent evidence has shown that MSC secrete exosomes, membrane enclosed vesicles (30–100 nm) containing proteins, mRNA and miRNA which can be delivered to nearby cells. The present study aimed to isolate exosomes from bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC) and test them in a rat optic nerve crush (ONC) model. Treatment of primary retinal cultures with BMSC-exosomes demonstrated significant neuroprotective and neuritogenic effects. Twenty-one days after ONC and weekly intravitreal exosome injections; optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and immunohistochemistry was performed. BMSC-derived exosomes promoted statistically significant survival of RGC and regeneration of their axons while partially preventing RGC axonal loss and RGC dysfunction. Exosomes successfully delivered their cargo into inner retinal layers and the effects were reliant on miRNA, demonstrated by the diminished therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from BMSC after knockdown of Argonaute-2, a key miRNA effector molecule. This study supports the use of BMSC-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for traumatic and degenerative ocular disease.
A novel traffic analysis attack model and base‐station anonymity metrics for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Baroutis Nikolaos , Younis Mohamed 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), all data packets are directed toward the base‐station (BS) over multi‐hop routes. In addition to data processing, the BS can interface the WSN to remote centers. Therefore, the failure of the BS diminishes the network utility and makes the data inaccessible. An adversary would thus try to uncover the BS's location by analyzing the traffic patterns of the network in order to launch denial of service attacks. For that reason, various countermeasure techniques have been proposed to boost the anonymity of the BS. In this paper, we study the existing traffic analysis models that an adversary could apply to locate the BS and point out shortcomings that make contemporary countermeasures weaker than thought. We further present a novel attack model that increases the adversary's confidence in localizing the BS while significantly reducing the traffic analysis complexity. Additionally, we introduce two novel anonymity metrics that can be used for evaluating the network resilience to attacks and for gauging the performance of countermeasures. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed attack model. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbundbrücke bei Elbląg
Authors: Lorenc Wojciech , Kolakowski Thomasz , Hukowicz Andrzej , Seidl Günther 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDas Konstruktionsprinzip der VFT‐Bauweise mit Walzträgern in Beton (VFT‐WIB) kommt in Europa und vor allem in Deutschland und Polen häufig zum Einsatz. Der Neubau der Brücke südwestlich der Stadt Elbląg in Polen führt das Konstruktionsprinzip weiter. Die Schnittführung der Walzträger wird so gewählt, dass in Feldmitte und im Stützbereich unterschiedliche Stahlsteghöhen entstehen. Diese Idee birgt statisch‐konstruktiv den Vorteil, die Schubkräfte und Biegemomente im Träger effektiv abzutragen. Die Weiterentwicklung wird anhand der Brücke Elbląg beschrieben, konstruktive Details beleuchtet und die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Bauweise diskutiert.
In vitromicrofluidic models of tumor microenvironment to screen transport of drugs and nanoparticles
Authors: Ozcelikkale Altug , Moon Hye‐ran , Linnes Michael , Han Bumsoo 
Published: February 2017

Advances in nanotechnology have enabled numerous types of nanoparticles (NPs) to improve drug delivery to tumors. While manyNPsystems have been proposed, their clinical translation has been less than anticipated primarily due to failure of current preclinical evaluation techniques to adequately model the complex interactions between theNPand physiological barriers of tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on microfluidic tumor models for characterization of delivery efficacy and toxicity of cancer nanomedicine. Microfluidics offer significant advantages over traditional macroscale cell cultures by enabling recapitulation of tumor microenvironment through precise control of physiological cues such as hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Microfluidic systems have recently started to be adapted for screening of drugs andNPsunder physiologically relevant settings. So far the two primary application areas of microfluidics in this area have been high‐throughput screening using traditional culture settings such as single cells or multicellular tumor spheroids, and mimicry of tumor microenvironment for study of cancer‐related cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. These microfluidic technologies are also useful in modeling specific steps inNPdelivery to tumor and characterizeNPtransport properties and outcomes by systematic variation of physiological conditions. Ultimately, it will be possible to design drug‐screening platforms uniquely tailored for individual patient physiology using microfluidics. Thesein vitromodels can contribute to development of precision medicine by enabling rapid and patient‐specific evaluation of cancer nanomedicine.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2017, 9:e1460. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1460This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Outcomes of Curative‐Intent Surgery and Adjuvant Treatment for Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Kun Woo , Kim Hong Kwan , Kim Jhingook , Shim Young Mog , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Choi Yoon‐La 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is pathologically classified as non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its clinical behavior is more aggressive than other types of NSCLC. Accordingly, the optimal treatment strategy for LCNEC, including the indication of adjuvant treatment, remains controversial.MethodsA retrospective review of 139 patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for LCNEC was performed to investigate clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes and to evaluate whether adjuvant treatment affected survival outcomes.ResultsThe mean patient age was 64 years (126 men, 90.6%). Operative procedures included 111 lobectomies (79.8%), 12 pneumonectomies (8.6%), and 2 sublobar resections. Pathologic stage was IA in 31 (22%), IB in 36 (26%), IIA in 34 (24%), IIB in 9 (6%), IIIA in 19 (14%), IIIB in 2 (1.4%), and IV in 4 patients (2.9%). Postoperatively, 50 patients (36%) received adjuvant treatment. The median follow‐up duration was 33 months. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 53%, and 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 39%. In patients with pathologic stage I, there was no significant difference in either OS or DFS according to the addition of adjuvant treatment. However, in patients with pathologic stage II or higher, patients who underwent adjuvant treatment showed significantly better OS (p = 0.023) and DFS (p = 0.038).ConclusionsOur findings showed that patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for LCNEC benefitted from the use of adjuvant treatment especially in pathologic stage II or higher.
“Kicked out”: LGBTQ youths' bathroom experiences and preferences
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Gower Amy L. , Mehus Christopher J. , Yu Xiaohui , Saewyc Elizabeth M. , Eisenberg Marla E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAttention toward who can use which gender binary, multi‐stall bathroom has brought to the forefront, once again, the ways in which youth are supported or marginalized. No study has documented sexual and gender minority youths' experiences with and perspectives about bathrooms. We collected qualitative data in 2014–2015. Participants were 25 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) youth, aged 14–19, in the United States and Canada. Their comments describe first‐ and second‐hand bathroom experiences, identify advocacy efforts, and highlight the roles of peers and adults in making bathrooms safe (or not). Youth emphasized the importance of gender‐neutral bathrooms in fostering a sense of safety and inclusivity. Adult support and gay‐straight alliances (GSAs) were important contributors to a welcoming environment and fostered advocacy efforts for gender‐neutral bathrooms. We encourage purposeful inclusivity of youths' voices when enacting bathroom‐specific policies and legislation that directly influence their health and well‐being.
Seismic wave attenuation in the lithosphere of the North Tanzanian divergence zone (East African rift system)
Authors: Dobrynina A.A. , Albaric J. , Deschamps A. , Perrot J. , Ferdinand R.W. , Déverchère J. , San’kov V.A. , Chechel’nitskii V.V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The seismic effective quality factor (QC) and its frequently dependences or the frequency parameter (n) and attenuation coefficient (δ) for the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the North Tanzanian divergence zone (East African rift system) were estimated from an analysis of the earthquake coda waves recorded in the SEISMO-TANZ’07 French-Tanzanian seismic experiment. The QC values increase and the n and δ values decrease with increasing frequency and length of the lapse time window. This behavior of the attenuation parameters may be evidence that the degree of heterogeneity of the lithosphere decreases with depth. Comparison of the depth variations in the attenuation coefficient δ and the frequency parameter n with the velocity structure of the region shows that there is a distinct change in the behavior of seismic wave attenuation at velocity discontinuities. The obtained attenuation parameters were compared with the same parameters obtained in our previous studies for other continental rift systems—the Baikal rift system (Eurasia) and the Basin and Range Province (North America).
Afontova Gora II archaeological site: geology and postdepositional deformation (Krasnoyarsk, Siberia)
Authors: Zolnikov I.D. , Deev E.V. , Slavinskiy V.S. , Tsybankov A.A. , Rybin E.P. , Lysenko D.N. , Stasyuk I.V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Afontova Gora II archaeological site located within two geologically and geomorphically different areas has been studied in terms of geology and Quaternary deposition history. Both areas lie upon alluvial terrace II of the Yensei River. At the time when terrace I alluvium was deposited, aeolian and slope-wash facies accumulated on the surface of terrace II and a slope-wash apron formed on the gently sloping surface of terrace III. It is at these different levels of the Yenisei River bank that the latest Paleolithic Afontov culture of Siberia has been found. At the Late Glacial–Holocene boundary, the slope-wash apron upon terrace III was involved in landsliding and thrust over terrace II, which deformed the subaerial deposits over both terraces II and III. As shown by detailed analysis, the landslide deposits are either strongly deformed to the degree of losing of their primary sedimentary textures and structures or form imbricated blocks with deformed margins but minor deformation in their interior. The preserved textures and structures of sediments inside the imbricated landslide blocks provide stratigraphic and genetic constraints and prove the in situ origin of anthropological, archaeological, and paleontological finds. This division also explains the archaeological sterility and abnormal thickness of the subaerial cover upon the landslide blocks.