bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductivity of graphite by reducing inter-plane twist
Authors: Sun Bo , Zhao Lu , Chen Zitao , Hu Song , Zhi Aomiao , Wu Junqiao , Kang Feiyu , Tian Xuezeng , Gu Xiaokun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Graphite is a cornerstone material in heat dissipation due to its exceptionally high in-plane thermal conductivity (~ 2000 W m− 1 K− 1). However, its low through-plane thermal conductivity remains a bottleneck for heat dissipation, typically limited to 5–9 W m− 1 K− 1. Here we reveal that graphite, when structure is optimized, delivers a record high through-plane thermal conductivity of up to 13.4 W m− 1 K− 1 at room temperature. This enhancement is achieved by reducing the helical twist within the graphite crystal structure. We demonstrate that while having minimal impact on in-plane conductivity, these twists significantly hinder heat-carrying phonons traveling through-plane. This work establishes a new benchmark for graphite's thermal properties and paves the way for unlocking its full potential in thermal management applications.
A quantitative 3D Subcellular Map of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Discovers Non-stochastic Cell State Transition in Establishment of Apical/Basal Polarity
Authors: Bharti Kapil , Ortolan Davide , Sathe Pushkar , Volkov Andrei , Reichert Dominik , Sebastian Sheldon , Maminishkis Arvydas , Shaub Nicholas , Ljungquist Bengt , Bose Devika , Ferrari Jorge , Lin Nyusha , Pegoraro Gianluca , Simon Carl , Sharma Ruchi , Bajcsy Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized cell monolayer that forms the barrier between the subretinal and the choroidal spaces. During development RPE cells polarize perpendicular to the monolayer plane such that organelles attain specific intracellular locations. This allows the RPE to differentially interact with overlying photoreceptors and underlying choriocapillaris. When RPE polarity is disrupted, tissue homeostasis is disturbed leading to retinal degeneration. The subcellular organizational principles of RPE polarity are unknown. We used high-content imaging, machine-learning-based image-segmentation, phenotypic quantification, and mathematical modeling to develop quantitative 3-dimensional maps of subcellular structures during the establishment of RPE apical/basal polarity. Leveraging the statistical power of large imaging datasets, we discovered holistic RPE cell phenotypic states at four polarization timepoints. We discovered, during apical/basal polarization, cells constrict along the lateral axis and elongate apically, nuclear volume decreases while nuclear envelope develops invaginations, junctional complexes consolidate to the lateral membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria increase in volume and translocate towards the nucleus, and lysosomes move towards the central-apical side. Mathematical analysis using generalized linear models suggests non-stochastic cell state transitions and spatial organelle interactions during RPE polarization. These integrated quantitative morphometric data provide reference maps to discover intracellular defects in diseased RPE.
The Versatility of Influenza A Surveillance and Monitoring in European Swine; results from an electronic survey
Authors: Puspitarani Gavrila Amadea , Pedersen Kasper , Simon Gaëlle , Dauphin Gwenaelle , Larsen Lars Erik , Tobias Tijs 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Surveillance of influenza A virus in swine populations is essential, from both a veterinary and public health perspective. Although some international organizations have published guidelines for swine influenza A virus (swIAV) surveillance, there is no standardized guidelines available and a clear overview of current existing surveillance activities is lacking at the European level.
This study aimed to describe swIAV surveillance systems across Europe in 2022. An electronic survey was distributed to 41 member countries of the Cost Action “ESFLU”, resulting in 44 responses from 39 institutions representing 25 countries. The analysis identified 26 unique surveillance systems, operating at local, national, regional, and multi-national levels.
The majority of the systems had the objective of surveilling emerging strains or monitoring for swine influenza viruses in herds. In 2022, approximately 3,500 farms were sampled, with piglets and weaners being the most sampled age groups. Most systems (n=23) used RT-PCR for detection and fourteen used sequencing for viral characterization/subtyping. The study also highlighted a strong reliance on passive surveillance. While data sharing with OFFLU and other public databases is advocated, nine systems consistently shared their data, while eleven others indicated that data sharing occurs conditionally, depending on specific circumstances.
The study emphasized the need for harmonized guidelines for surveillance and the establishment of pipelines for the systematic collection and analysis of data in swIAV in pigs.
Comparative Analysis of Biogas Yields from Different Organic Waste Sources in Rural Communities
Authors: Wonyanya Moses , Uzorka Afam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of biogas yields from various organic waste sources in Nakisunga Parish, Mukono District, Uganda, a rural area with significant potential for biogas production. The primary objective was to identify the most efficient waste sources for biogas production, thereby offering insights into optimizing biogas systems in similar rural communities. The study utilized a combination of field surveys and laboratory analyses to evaluate the biogas production potential of farm waste, household waste, municipal waste, and food processing waste. Results indicated that farm waste, particularly swine manure, exhibited the highest biochemical methane potential (BMP), with a BMP value of 0.007 mL CH₄/g VS, making it the most promising feedstock for biogas production. Crop residues and cow dung also showed moderate potential, while household and food processing wastes had lower BMP values. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate feedstocks to maximize biogas yields and highlight the viability of biogas production in rural Ugandan communities where agricultural activities dominate. This study provides localized data on biogas potential in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, addressing the gap in research regarding the comparative efficiency of various organic waste sources in these settings. The results have significant implications for sustainable energy policy and rural development, suggesting that targeted biogas initiatives could play a critical role in improving energy access and waste management in rural areas. Recommendations for future research include exploring co-digestion strategies to further enhance biogas production and examining the socio-economic impacts of biogas adoption in rural communities.
Effect of an Educational Program on Nurses’ Level of Knowledge about Pain Assessment and Management: A Quasi-Experimental study
Authors: Alomari Hussein , Allobaney Nabeel F. , Swallmeh Esmat , Macaaly Rosario A. , AL-Husban Raya Yousef 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pain is universally acknowledged as one of the most distressing experiences individuals encounter, often leading to significant psychological and physical implications. Effective pain management is essential in healthcare, and it is imperative that nursing professionals possess the requisite knowledge and skills to assess and manage pain effectively.
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured educational program on the performance levels of nurses in the domains of pain assessment and management.
Design
A quasi-experimental, one-group pre- and posttest intervention design was used to facilitate this investigation.
Setting
The research was conducted in the inpatient medical and surgical units in a main tertiary governmental hospital in Jordan.
Subjects
A total of 106 nurses, both male and female, who provided direct nursing care in medical and surgical wards, voluntarily participated in the study.
Tools
Two instruments were utilized for data collection. A questionnaire was designed to assess nurses' knowledge regarding pain assessment and management. An observational checklist to evaluate the practical application of pain management techniques by nurses.
Results
The study focused on a sample predominantly comprising female nurses, most of whom held a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree and had 2–5 years of clinical experience. Notably, 88.7% of participants had not previously attended any educational sessions centered on pain assessment and management. Following an educational intervention, statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in the mean knowledge scores (P<0.001). Furthermore, all dimensions of nursing practices related to pain management showed statistically significant enhancement after the training, demonstrating a strong correlation between knowledge and practice levels before and after the educational program.
Conclusion
The implementation of the educational program resulted in more than half of the participating nurses achieving a commendable level of knowledge and satisfactory practices in pain assessment and management. This underscores the program's effectiveness in enhancing both theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
Recommendations
It is recommended that nursing professionals engage in ongoing training and educational opportunities focused on pain assessment and management to further refine their competencies and improve patient outcomes.
Exploring the link between ruminal methane production and physiological resilience in Japanese Black cattle during fattening
Authors: Lee Huseong , Kim Minji , Masaki Tatsunori , Ikuta Kentaro , Iwamoto Eiji , Oikawa Kohei , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Haga Satoshi , Terada Fuminori , Roh Sanggun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Gastroenteric release of methane from livestock accounts for a substantial portion of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Here, we examined the characteristics of rumen microbiome and physiological resilience associated with methane production, a breed characterized by enhanced intramuscular fat deposition.
Results: Methane emissions were measured during three phases: early (13 months), middle (20 months), and late (28 months), and the liver transcriptome, blood metabolites, hormones, rumen fermentation characteristics, and microbiota were analysed. Hydrogen-sinking microbes such as Anaerovoraxand Succinivibrio were present at low levels, whereas the prevalence of hydrogen-producing microbes including Christensenellaceae, Clostridium methylpentosum, and Mogibacterium was high in cattle with high methane emissions. Functional profiling of rumen microbiota revealed decreased coenzyme M biosynthesis and an increased hydrogen sink from L-glutamate biosynthesis in low-emission cattle. In the liver, glutamate-derived ornithine and elevated ornithine transcarbamylase gene expression facilitated ammonia detoxification in low-emission cattle, whereas the glutamate transporter-encoding gene SLC1A1was upregulated in high-emission cattle, thereby enhancing glutathione synthesis and reducing the oxidative stress induced by beta-hydroxybuteric acid.
Conclusions: These ruminal and physiological changes reflect the resilience of these cattle to different rumen fermentation conditions, have potential as biomarkers for monitoring the methanogenic potential of Japanese Black cattle, and highlight the upstream oxoglutarate-to-glutamate biosynthesis pathway as a promising target for decreasing methane production by reducing hydrogen in the rumen.
The Relationship between Green Tea Consumption and Happiness
Authors: Shibata Megumi , Ojima Toshiyuki , Aida Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study conducted between October and December 2016. Green tea consumption questionnaires were mailed to 34,567 functionally independent community-dwelling residents aged 65 and older in 39 municipalities. Participants rated their well-being on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 indicating the happiest and 1 indicating the least happy. The scores were treated as continuous variables and used as dependent variables in the multivariate linear regression analyses.
Results
We found that the higher the level of happiness, the more friends the person had, and the more green tea they consumed. When social network size (indicated by number of friends) was controlled for, along with tea consumption, gender, age, education, and income, there was a statistically significant correlation, indicating that an increase in number of friends was associated with increased happiness.
Conclusions
This study found that even after adjusting for social network size and other confounding factors, higher green tea consumption was associated with increased happiness. However, the effect size was small, indicating the need for further validation.
Laparoscopic curative resection following perioperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel and its influence on Claudin18.2 expression in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A two-case report
Authors: Takahashi Tohru , Ishii Takahiro , Maejima Taku , Aimono Eriko , Miyazaki Dai , Fukahori Susumu , Kimura Taichi , Yanai Mitsuru , Ono Yusuke , Hagiwara Masahiro , Mizukami Yusuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose Perioperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel has improved survival in patients with locally advanced resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas in Europe.
Methods We report two cases of laparoscopic curative resection with perioperative docetaxel-based chemotherapy for advanced gastroesophageal junction or gastric adenocarcinoma and investigated variations in Claudin18.2 expressions associated with chemotherapy.
Results Preoperative four-cycle docetaxel-based chemotherapy enabled laparoscopic total gastrectomy with distal esophagectomy via trans-hiatal approach or laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with extensive lymph node dissection. Postoperative left inferior pulmonary arterial thrombosis and chylous ascites recovered with pharmacotherapy and lipiodol lymphatic embolization. Despite discontinuing postoperative one-cycle chemotherapy, no recurrence was observed for over 1.5 years and 1 year. Immunohistochemical staining showed increased Claudin18.2 expression in undifferentiated adenocarcinomas in the resected specimens than in pre-chemotherapeutic biopsies.
Conclusion Perioperative docetaxel-based chemotherapy was effective for Japanese patients with gastroesophageal junction and gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting a combination treatment with anti-Claudin18.2 antibody as neoadjuvant or first-line chemotherapy.
Crustal-Scale Structure of the Nasr-Abad Buried Salt Diapir in Northwest Central Iran from a Profile Magnetotelluric Dataset
Authors: Montahaei Mansoure , Zare Elham 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Great Kavir is the largest salt desert in Iran, located in the northern part of the Central Iran depression. Groups of clustered salt diapirs exist in the northwestern part of the Great Kavir. The Nasr-Abad salt diapir in the Shurab diapiric group is the largest buried salt diapir in this region, whose geometry at depth and surrounding structure are rarely known. In this study, we investigate a broadband magnetotelluric (MT) dataset recorded at 37 closely spaced stations distributed along a SW-NE profile to characterize the geometry, substratum, and overburden of the Nasr-Abad salt diapir. The spatially distributed MT responses noted in this study are associated with geological structures at depths of less than 30 km.The measurements were used to generate a crustal-scale resistivity model of the study area, which correlates well with the known lithostratigraphy of the region. The resistivity model reveals a dipping resistive body that has been uplifted from a deep resistive layer to shallower depths. The geometry of this body indicates a well-defined base and a northeastward dip, suggesting that it corresponds to the Nasr-Abad buried salt diapir.
Mining and Growth Linkage in Odisha Economy: an Econometric Analysis From 1950-51 to 2014-15
Authors: Biswal Niharika , Chinara Mitali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper analyses relationship between the growth rate of Mining sector and growth rate of GSDP of Odisha at the disaggregate level. Results from trend analysis shows that Secondary Sector is the second most leading sector which leads the economic growth in the state. Exploring the relationship between growth rate of individual sectors and growth rate of GSDP, Granger causality test shows that the growth rate of secondary sector has unidirectional causality with the growth rate of GSDP. But there is no such causality found between Growth Rate of Mining Sector and Growth Rate of GSDP though it has its strong base in Odisha. Rather it is the growth of secondary sector that causes the growth rate of GSDP. Hence, the secondary sector is the growth driver for Odisha economy.
So far as the long and short run relationship is concerned, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) shows that at an aggregate level, growth rate of secondary sector has long-run influence on growth rate of gross state domestic product (GSDP).
JEL Classifications: C01, C32
Mean Performance and Heterotic Pattern of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Inbred Lines Adapted to Sub-Humid Central Highland of Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Takele 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In spite of abiotic and biotic stresses and low availability of high-yielding cultivars restrict potential production of maize, it is a major food crop in Africa. To overcome this production barrier, promisinggermplasm must be chosen, combining ability must be understood, and heterotic groups must be formed in order to generate high-yielding maize varieties. The study set out to evaluate plant height, ear height, ear diameter, thousand seed weight, kernel per row, kernel row per ear, and number of ear per plant in order to assess the performance evaluation and heterotic pattern of inbred lines. In 2019, twenty-six inbred lines and two single cross testers were crossed using a line by tester mating design to create fifty-two three way cross F1 hybrids. The experiment, which used an alpha lattice design with two replications, was conducted at the Ambo and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centers during the 2020 cropping season. Analyses of variance revealed that among the parameters with significant mean squares arising from crosses and lines both within and across locations were grain yield, anthesis date, silking date, plant height, ear height, kernel row per ear, and number of ears per plant. Because of the lines, testers, and crossings for grain yield, anthesis date, silking date, plant height, ear height, kernel row per ear, and number of ear per plant, the line x tester ANOVA results revealed significant mean squares. Due to line x site, line x tester, tester x site, and line x tester x site, there was a noticeable difference in plant height, ear height, and the number of ears per plant. This proved that different environment have different selection criteria for materials and different performance levels. This genetic study Categorized, L1, L22, and L24 under heterotic group A (CEL08008/CEL08047), while L8, L10, L14, L17, L20, and L26 were placed under heterotic group-B (CEL08024/CML561).
Flood risk assessment using modern models integrated with GIS for susceptibility mapping of the M'zab Valley watershed (Algeria)
Authors: Brahim Zine , Boualem Remini , Azzeddine Mansour 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Comprehensive flood control is needed because flooding can be catastrophic for people's lives and ways of living. This management must provide information on the hydrologic, geotechnical, environmental, social, and economic elements of floods. This work created maps for the flood susceptibility of the M'zab Valley using logistic regression (LR) and frequency ratio (FR). The main objective of the research was to strengthen the bivariate probability capabilities of FR and LR. A flood inventory map was created by extracting flood sites from multiple sources. The flood inventory was divided randomly into two parts: 30% was used for validation and the remaining 70% was used to train the models. Independent variable datasets included the distance from the river, rainfall, soil type, land use/land cover (LULC), elevation, drainage density, flow accumulation, and slope. The effect of each variable on flooding was assessed by comparing each independent variable with the dependent flood layer. The flood susceptibility map was assessed using the prediction rate approach on the validation dataset, which was not used for model construction. The accuracy assessment's findings revealed a prediction rate of FR 0.86 and LR 0.881, as well as a success rate of FR 0.924 and LR 0.924.
Effect of wastewater containing mixture of nanoparticles on organic matter removal, power generation, and biofilm integrity in sediment microbial fuel cell
Authors: Vempati Divya , Kumar Arun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Industrial wastewaters from the cosmetic industry contain high organic strength and a mixture of nanoparticles (NPs). Sediment microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging nature-based technology that can treat complex wastewaters. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of a binary mixture of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) NPs (concentration: 1 + 1 and 10 + 10 mg/L) on the organic matter removal, power generation, and biofilm health of sediment MFCs after a long-term operation of 120 days. The high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (&gt;95%) observed for all reactors signified the minimal impact of 10 mg/L NP mixture on treatment. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from the sediment was reduced by 8% due to NPs. NPs also led to 42.2% higher anode extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and 46.65% lesser cathode EPS generation. The maximum power density of 0.29 mW/m2 was obtained for the 10 mg/L NP reactor, with the average being 23% higher than the no-NP control reactor. This was the first study to explore the effect of the mixture of NPs on the performance of an MFC. The results indicated that sediment MFCs can sustain high mixture concentrations of NPs. Furthermore, variation of parameters can aid in establishing the feasibility of this technology for treating wastewater with NPs.