bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we using mass media to raise awareness about psychiatric disorders?
Authors: Álvarez de mon M.Á. , Arrieta M. , Molero P. , Santos M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe global burden of mental disorders is large and continues to grow. Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Every 40 seconds somebody dies from suicide. People with mental disorders are amongst the most marginalized in society. The stigma they experience puts them at an increased risk of poverty, discrimination and human right violations.ObjectivesTo study the presence of psychiatric disorders in the media.MethodsWe selected and analyzed the top media Twitter accounts of general news outlets, based on their number of followers. Our research strategy focused on the search of several psychiatric terms of interest (ex: “insomnia”) on each Twitter account. The search includes tweets from the beginnings of Twitter in 2007 up to May 2016, and yielded a database of more than 10,000 news.ResultsThe terms with the highest impact in mass media referred to suicide, depression, addictions and gender dysphoria. Disorders related to anxiety (Generalized anxiety, phobias, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder), dysthymia and bipolar disorder were the psychiatric disorders with the lowest impact. We noticed that the presence of psychiatric disorders in the media is increasing. However, it does not accurately reflect the actual impact it has on society.ConclusionsThe media can be a useful tool for the implementation of strategies for the promotion and prevention of mental disorders. However, we are not fully taking advantage of the benefits that mass media has to offer in order to educate and raise awareness about said disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of the transition from primary school to secondary school on young adolescents
Authors: Fontaine C. , Connor C. , Channa S. , Palmer C. , Birchwood M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPrevious research suggests that adult anxiety disorders begin in adolescence and the transition from primary school to secondary school is the first challenge many young adolescents face, which could test their resilience for the first time.ObjectivesTo examine students’ anxiety scores before and after their transition, and what protective and risk factors are present during this challenge.AimsTo determine how the transition can impact anxiety in children, and if protective factors can help decrease the disruption that the transition can cause.MethodsOne hundred and eighty-four pupils completed questionnaires in their last term of primary school and during the first term of secondary school. At time 1: the attachment, school membership, and bullying and victimization measures were compared with pupils’ anxiety scores, along with whether their friends or siblings will be attending the same secondary school as them. These analyses will also be conducted once the pupils start secondary school, at time 2.ResultsSecure attachment was associated with lower anxiety and transition anxiety (F(2.56) = 7.255, P = .002; F(2.52) = 19.245, P = .000; F(2.181) = 10.181, P = .000; F(2.53) = 20.545, P = .000). School membership was associated with lower transition anxiety (F(2.181) = 4.151, P = .017; F(2.181) = 3.632, P = .028). Low victimisation was also associated with low anxiety and transition anxiety (F(2.181) = 14.024, P = .000; F(2.181) = 14.529, P = .000; F(2.181) = 9.381, P = .000).ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that attachment, school membership and victimisation all impact on pupils anxiety before they transition to secondary school. Therefore, schools could work together to increase school membership and decrease victimisation, particularly for pupils who they suspect will struggle with the transition.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychological characteristics of emotion control in physicians and teachers
Authors: Nikolaev E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmotional control can play positive role in professional growth. Are there any negative effects of emotional control on the professional activity of physicians and teachers?Objectives and aimsTo reveal the specifics of emotional control in groups of physicians and teachers with different self-reported health levels.MethodsThe study involved 160 physicians and 179 school teachers. Gender ratio and mean age in both groups were similar. The instruments used: SF-36 health survey and Ban on the emotional expression questionnaire.ResultsIn general, physicians, and teachers more often than control group controlled the expression of their emotions. Physicians in comparison with teachers were more likely to restrict both positive (joy) and negative emotions (sadness, anger). Teachers with a high level of health by SF-36 had a minimal ban on the expression of sadness (P < 0.01). The maximum level of the ban on the expression of anger (P < 0.001) and fear (P < 0.05) and an aggregated ban of emotional expression was revealed in teachers with average level of health by SF-36 (P < 0.001). Expression of joy in teachers was not directly related to the self-reported health level (P > 0.05). Physicians who showed the maximum ban on the emotion expressions reported only the low health level by SF-36 (P < 0.05). It was more related to the ban on joy, and less to the ban on anger.ConclusionsThe revealed models of emotional expression control can strengthen both professional and everyday stresses in physicians and teachers. Different prevention programs are needed for these groups of professionals.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Acute psychotic disorders: Factors related to schizophrenia evolution
Authors: Ben Soussia R. , Bouallagui A. , Marrag I. , Khouadja S. , Younes S. , Nasr M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAcute psychotic disorders are described as a clinical syndrome characterized by Acuteness of the installation, the intensity and the polymorphism of delirium.AimDescribe the demographic characteristics of a population of patients with an acute psychotic disorder and identify factors correlated with evolution to schizophrenia.MethodsThis is a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study conducted on hospitalized patients in psychiatric department EPS Mahdia for acute psychotic disorder according to DSM-VI-TR criteria. A study of the recurrence time was performed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox test was used to identify factors correlated with evolution to schizophrenia.ResultsOne hundred and eleven patients were collected. The average age of the study population was 27 years, a male predominance was noted (59.5%), 39.6% of patients had family history of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenic disorders and bipolar disorder were the most common with rates of 63.6 and 18.4% of cases. For our patients, 38.7% progressed to schizophrenia. Four risk factors were significantly predictive of progression to schizophrenia: male gender (P = 0.026), subacute or progressive onset disorders (P = 0.003), partial remission of the disorder (P = 0.023) and the prolonged duration of untreated psychosis (P = 0.027).ConclusionThe evolution of an acute psychotic disorder remains unpredictable. In fact, the severity is related to the risk of developing schizophrenia or mood disorder. Attention is paid in recent years to recognize and seek most precociously as possible factors associated with this evolution.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Elevated sera levels of galectin-3 in stable schizophrenia
Authors: Borovcanin M. , Jovanovic I. , Minic Janicijevic S. , Gajovic N. , Arsenijevic N. , L. M. Lukic 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionGalectin-3 (Gal-3) is a unique member of the lectin family involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and immune responses. Deletion of the Gal-3 gene reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and variation of gene encoding for Gal-3 already showed to be related with cognitive function. Also, elevated Gal-3 sera levels were measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Aims and objectives We measured the serum concentrations of Gal-3 in patients with schizophrenia in remission and try to determine possible correlation of Gal-3 sera levels with clinical parameters, especially cognitive aspects.MethodsIn this pilot study were included patients with schizophrenia in remission on three months stable depot antipsychotic medication (risperidone and paliperidone) (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 18). Serum levels of Gal-3 were measured using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, specific for humans (R&D Systems, Minneapolis). Cognition was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) cognitive factors.ResultsHigher mean values of Gal-3 were measured in patients with schizophrenia in remission compared with healthy volunteers (1389.69 vs. 994.23 pg/mL; P = 0.011), but correlation with PANSS cognitive factor was not established (P = 0.748).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the role of Gal-3 should be explored further, in different stages of disorder and depending on applied therapy, but also considering specific cytokine milieu.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Systematic evaluation of dose-escalation strategies after initial non-response to standard-dose pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia
Authors: Dold M. , Fugger G. , Aigner M. , Lanzenberger R. , Kasper S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis investigates if dose increase of an antipsychotic drug (high-dose treatment, dose escalation) is advantageous for schizophrenic patients who failed to respond adequately to standard-dose treatment with the same antipsychotic.MethodsWithin a systematic literature survey, we identified all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a dose increase directly to standard-dose continuation treatment in schizophrenic subjects with initial non-response to prospective standard-dose pharmacotherapy with the same antipsychotic. The primary outcome was mean change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Secondary outcomes were dichotomous response and attrition rates. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. We calculated effect sizes (Hedges's g and risks ratios) using the Mante–Haenszel random-effects model. Meta-regression analyses were performed to explore the influence of the degree of the dose increase on effect sizes.ResultsFive trials (n = 348) examining quetiapine (n = 2, n = 191), ziprasidone (n = 1, n = 75), haloperidol (n = 1, n = 48), and fluphenazine (n = 1, n = 34) were included. We found no significant between-group differences for the mean PANSS/BPRS total score change, even not when itemized according to the individual antipsychotic agents. There were no between-group differences for response and dropout rates. The non-significant meta-regressions indicate no impact of the different amounts of dose increments on effect sizes.ConclusionsWe found no evidence for the efficacy of a dose escalation after initial non-response to standard-dose pharmacotherapy as general advisable treatment strategy. As the high-dose treatment was not accompanied by significant increased attrition rates, appropriate tolerability and acceptability of this pharmacological option can be assumed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Visual and Motor Functions in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hopulele-Petri A. , Manea M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOver the past decade, perceptual organization has gained an increasingly important role in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. With the advancements in visual neurocognitive sciences, visual processing, especially mid- and high-level processing have been linked with psychotic symptoms, as well as prodromal and ultra-high risk patients. Motor dysfunction is being seen as well as an integral element of schizophrenia, separate from the other symptoms and with possible implications for disease risk and outcome. This could illustrate two systems at work, which by either individual dysfunction or integrative disorganization help explain some the neurocognitive mechanisms in schizophrenia.Objective and aimsThe current study's argument is that tests from these two domains could be used in a complementary manner to offer a neurocognitive characterization of schizophrenic patients.MethodsA total of 24 patients and 19 controls were evaluated. In order to assess mid-level visual perception the Leuven Perceptual Organization Screening Test was used, along with a scale for assessing soft neurological signs and a task for gait and motor imagery. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Positive And Negative Symptoms Scale, using the five-factor model as proposed by Lindenmayer. Data analysis involved comparison of means between patient and control groups as well as a multivariate factor analysis calculating the impact of perceptual and motor functions on clinical symptoms.ResultsConsistent with previous findings, visual and motor functions would differentiate between patient and control groups. In accordance with the study's aim, visual and motor functions had different impact on symptom dimensions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Five-year Course of Bipolar Disorder Following Treatment of First Manic Episode with Risperidone Versus Olanzapine: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Kulkarni K. , Devasthali G. , Purty A. , Kesavan M. , Reddy J. , Jain S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveContemporary treatment guidelines recommend use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) either as mono therapy or in combination with mood stabilizers as first-line treatment. While these drugs have been established to have superior efficacy compared to placebo, there is very less data comparing these antipsychotics with one another. We sought to study differences in the five-year outcome of first episode of mania (FEM) treated with olanzapine or risperidone, either alone or in combination with mood stabilizer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with FEM (ICD-10) in the year 2008 (n = 88) at our centre. We selected the data of patients prescribed either olanzapine or risperidone for the purpose of this analysis. We extracted data about time to recovery and recurrence after FEM, total episodes, drug compliance and response, and number of follow-up visits from 2008 to 2013. The study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee.ResultsA total of 88 patients received diagnosis of FEM in the year 2008, of which 50 (56.8%) received risperidone and 35 (39.8%) received olanzapine. The two groups were comparable in socio-demographic and clinical symptomatology of FEM (all P > 0.08). Complete recovery was significantly more in the olanzapine group than the risperidone group (χ2 = 4.84, P < 0.05).ConclusionOur study indicates that risperidone and olanzapine, either alone or in combination with mood stabilizers have a similar impact on the five-year course of BD following a first manic episode. However, olanzapine is associated with more complete recovery from FEM than risperidone.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lurasidone Adjunctive to Lithium or Valproate for Prevention of Recurrence in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Calabrese J. , Pikalov A. , Cucchiaro J. , Mao Y. , Loebel A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionInformation is not available on the maintenance efficacy of lurasidone in bipolar disorder.Objectives/aimsTo evaluate the recurrence prevention efficacy of lurasidone plus lithium (Li) or valproate (VPA) for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.MethodsPatients with bipolar I disorder received up to 20 weeks of open-label lurasidone (20–80 mg/d) plus Li or VPA. Patients who achieved consistent clinical stability were randomized to 28 weeks of double-blind treatment with lurasidone (20–80 mg/d) or placebo, plus Li or VPA.ResultsA total of 496 patients met stabilization criteria and were randomized to adjunctive lurasidone vs. placebo. Fewer patients in the lurasidone group had recurrence of any mood episode compared with the placebo group, with a hazard ratio of 0.71 (P = 0.078). In pre-planned secondary analyses, recurrence rates were significantly lower for the lurasidone group treated with a modal open-label dose of 80 mg/d (hazard ratio [HR], 0.35; P = 0.020); when patients presented with an index episode of depression (HR = 0.57; P = 0.039); and when outcome was time-to-all-cause discontinuation (HR = 0.72; P = 0.034), or time-to-recurrence based on symptom severity criteria (HR = 0.53; P = 0.025).ConclusionsIn patients stabilized on lurasidone plus Li or VPA, continued treatment was associated with non-significant reduction in risk of recurrence of any mood disorder (primary). Consistent with dose-response effects observed during acute treatment of bipolar depression, risk of recurrence on lurasidone was significantly reduced after open-label treatment with the 80 mg/d dose, and in the 20–80 mg/d dose in patients presenting with an index episode of depression.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01358357.Sponsored by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.Disclosure of interestDrs. Pikalov, Cucchiaro, Mao, and Loebel are employees of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals IncDr. Calabrese has received research support from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Cleveland Foundation, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lundbeck, NARSAD, Repligen, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Takeda, and Wyeth. Dr. Calabrese consulted to or served on advisory boards of Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Dainippon Sumitomo, Elan, EPI-Q, Inc., Forest, France Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman LaRoche, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, Lundbeck, Merck, Neurosearch, OrthoMcNeil, Otsuka, Pfizer, Repligen, Servier, Solvay, Sunovion, Supernus, Synosia, Takeda, Teva, and Wyeth. Dr. Calabrese has provided CME lectures supported by AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, France Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, Merck, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering-Plough, Pfizer, Solvay, Sunovion, and Wyeth.
Sensory Processing Disorders and Psychopathology
Authors: Mesquita Reis J. , Queiróga L. , Velasco Rodrigues R. , Pinto Ferreira B. , Padez Vieira F. , Farinha M. , Caldeira da Silva P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSensory processing is the individual's ability to receive, process and integrate sensory information from the environment and body movement in the central nervous system, in order to produce adaptive responses. Sensory processing disorders (SPD) are associated to difficulties in regulating emotions and behaviours as well as motor abilities in response to sensory stimulation that lead to impairment in development and functioning. It is estimated that SPD affect 5–16% of school-aged children. Although these diseases constitute a primary diagnostic category in the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Development Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood: DC0-3, they have not yet been validated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-DSM. In the latest edition of DSM, SPD were only included as one of the diagnostic criteria of autism-spectrum disorders. However, several studies have suggested that SPD may present themselves solely or coexist with other clinical conditions.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review systematically the relationship between SPD and psychopathology.MethodologyArticles indexed in the Pubmed database were analyzed.Results/conclusionAlthough sensory processing problems are well known to occur in association with autism, their relationship with other mental disorders is not a well studied area. Some studies have related them with ADHD, behavioural disorders and learning disorders. Some studies also comproved that SPD are a valid diagnosis and that there are individuals with SPD who do not meet the criteria for other known disorder. One study found an abnormal white matter microstructure in children with SPD. Despite these findings SPD need to be further studied.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical High Risk Symptoms and Criteria in the Community: Prevalence, Clinical Significance and Risk Factors for Their Occurrence
Authors: Schultze-Lutter F. , Michel C. , Schimmelmann B.G. , Ruhrmann S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn clinical samples, symptomatic ultra-high risk (UHR) criteria and the basic symptom criterion “cognitive disturbances” perform well in predicting psychosis, and best when both approaches are combined.ObjectiveHowever, little-to-nothing is known about clinical high risk (CHR) and their constituent symptoms in the community.AimsWe studied the prevalence, clinical relevance, and moderators of CHR criteria and symptoms in the community.MethodRegression analyses involved 2683 community participants (age 16–40 years; response rate: 63.4%). Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed by well-trained psychologists.ResultsLifetime and current CHR symptoms were reported by 21.1% and 13.8% of interviewees. Frequency of symptoms was mostly low, only 2.4% met any CHR criterion. A stepwise relationship underlay the association of the two types of CHR symptoms and criteria with the presence of mental disorders and functional deficits, with odds ratios being highest (7.4–31.8) when UHR and basic symptoms occurred together. Report of a family history of mental disorder generally increased risk for CHR symptoms. While younger age increased risk for basic symptoms, lifetime substance misuse and trauma increased risk for UHR symptoms.ConclusionsPrevalence of CHR criteria was within the to-be-expected range from prevalence rates of psychoses. Clinical relevance of both CHR symptoms and criteria increased in a stepwise manner from basic symptoms via UHR symptoms to their combined presence, reinforcing the clinical utility of their combined use. The risk factors selectively associated with basic and UHR symptoms support developmental models relating basic symptoms to neurobiological and UHR symptoms to psychological factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impact of Childhood Trauma on the Course of Panic Disorder
Authors: De Venter M. , Van Den Eede F. , Pattyn T. , Wouters K. , Veltman D. , Penninx B. , Sabbe B. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of childhood trauma on the clinical course of panic disorder.MethodLongitudinal data of 539 participants with a current panic disorder were collected from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Childhood trauma was assessed with a structured interview and clinical course after two years with a DSM-IV-based diagnostic interview and the Life Chart Interview.ResultsAt baseline, 56.3% reported childhood trauma, but this was not predictive of persistence of panic disorder. Emotional neglect and psychological abuse were associated with higher occurrence of anxiety disorders other than panic disorder (social phobia) and with higher chronicity of general anxiety symptoms (anxiety attacks or episodes and avoidance). Baseline clinical features (duration and severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms) and personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) accounted for roughly 30 to 60% of the total effect of childhood trauma on chronicity of anxiety symptoms and on occurrence of other anxiety disorders.ConclusionAfter two years, childhood trauma is associated with chronicity of anxiety symptoms and occurrence of social phobia, rather than persistence of panic disorder. These relationships are partially accounted for by duration and severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and neuroticism and extraversion.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.