bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Two‐Electron Water Oxidation Reaction for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Catalyst Design and Interface Engineering
Authors: Cao Huixuan , Chen Ge , Yan Yong , Wang Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a versatile and zero‐emission material that is widely used in the industrial, domestic, and healthcare sectors. It is clear that it plays a critical role in advancing environmental sustainability, acting as a green energy source, and protecting human health. Conventional production techniques focused on anthraquinone oxidation, however, electrocatalytic synthesis has arisen as a means of utilizing renewable energy sources in conjunction with available resources like oxygen and water. These strides represent a substantial change toward more environmentally and energy‐friendly H2O2 manufacturing techniques that are in line with current environmental and energy goals. This work reviews recent advances in two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e‐WOR) electrocatalysts, including design principles and reaction mechanisms, examines catalyst design alternatives and experimental characterization techniques, proposes standardized assessment criteria, investigates the impact of the interfacial milieu on the reaction, and discusses the value of in situ characterization and molecular dynamics simulations as a supplement to traditional experimental techniques and theoretical simulations. The review also emphasizes the importance of device design, interface, and surface engineering in improving the production of H2O2. Through adjustments to the chemical microenvironment, catalysts can demonstrate improved performance, opening the door for commercial applications that are scalable through tandem cell development.
Learning Strategies from Nature's Blueprint to Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis
Authors: Saccullo Erika , Patamia Vincenzo , Zagni Chiara , Rescifina Antonio , Floresta Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNature is a remarkable source of inspiration for developing sustainable and eco‐friendly synthetic procedures. In recent years, the synthesis of cyclic carbonates has garnered significant attention due to their versatile applications in various fields, including materials science, pharmaceuticals, and green chemistry. Drawing inspiration from nature, researchers have explored innovative synthetic routes that mimic biological processes to produce cyclic carbonates efficiently and sustainably. This article reviews nature‐inspired synthetic procedures for cyclic carbonate formation, highlighting the key strategies and principles employed. Through biomimicry, researchers aim to harness the efficiency and selectivity observed in biological systems to develop greener and more sustainable methods for cyclic carbonates synthesis. Integrating bio‐inspired strategies offers opportunities for improving synthetic efficiency and contributes to reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional chemical processes. This review underscores the potential of nature‐inspired approaches in advancing the field of cyclic carbonate synthesis toward more sustainable and environmentally benign practices, focusing on recent literature.
Excitatory neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa as suggested by single‐nucleus multiomics
Authors: Liu Yingying , Li Yinchao , Zhang Yaqian , Fang Yubao , Lei Lei , Yu Jiabin , Tan Hongping , Sui Lisen , Guo Qiang , Zhou Liemin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a heterogeneous group of cortical developmental malformations that constitute a common cause of medically intractable epilepsy. FCD type IIIa (FCD IIIa) refers to temporal neocortex alterations in architectural organisation or cytoarchitectural composition in the immediate vicinity of hippocampal sclerosis. Slight alterations in the temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa patients pose a challenge for the preoperative diagnosis and definition of the resection range.MethodsWe have performed multimodal integration of single‐nucleus RNA sequencing and single‐nucleus assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing in the epileptogenic cortex of four patients with FCD IIIa, and three relatively normal temporal neocortex were chosen as controls.ResultsOur study revealed that the most significant dysregulation occurred in excitatory neurons (ENs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the epileptogenic cortex of FCD IIIa patients. In ENs, we constructed a transcription factor (TF)‐hub gene regulatory network and found DAB1high ENs subpopulation mediates neuronal immunity characteristically in FCD IIIa. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to validate the changes in protein expression levels caused by some of the key genes. The OPCs were activated and exhibited aberrant phenotypes in FCD IIIa, and TFs regulating reconstructed pseudotime trajectory were identified. Finally, our results revealed aberrant intercellular communication between ENs and OPCs in FCD IIIa patients.ConclusionsOur study revealed significant and intricate alterations in the transcriptomes and epigenomes in ENs and OPCs of FCD IIIa patients, shedding light on their cell type‐specific regulation and potential pathogenic involvement in this disorder. This work will help evaluate the pathogenesis of cortical dysplasia and epilepsy and explore potential therapeutic targets.Key points
Paired snRNA‐seq and snATAC‐seq data were intergrated and analysed to identify crucial subpopulations of ENs and OPCs in the epileptogenic cortex of FCD IIIa patients and explore their possible pathogenic role in the disease.
A TF‐hub gene regulatory network was constructed in ENs, and the DAB1high Ex‐1 mediated neuronal immunity was characterstically in FCD IIIa patients.
The OPCs were activated and exhibited aberrant phenotypes in FCD IIIa patients, and TFs regulating reconstructed pseudotime traectory were identified.
Aberrant intercelluar communications between ENs and OPCs in FCD IIIa patients were identified.
Non‐Alzheimer's amnestic mild cognitive impairment with medial temporal hypometabolism
Authors: De Keersmaecker Sebastiaan , De Meyer Steffi , Vandenberghe Rik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe increasing use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers has led to the recognition of a subgroup of non‐AD amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients who have medial temporal hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET).METHODSIn this academic memory‐clinic‐based consecutive series, 16 non‐AD aMCI patients and 28 AD controls matched for sex, age, and baseline Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were followed for a median duration of 4.5 years. Our primary outcome was the MMSE decline rate over the subsequent years. We also determined the final diagnosis over time.RESULTSFDG‐PET showed more pronounced medial temporal hypometabolism in non‐AD cases and more inferior parietal lobule hypometabolism in AD controls. MMSE decline was slower in non‐AD (β = −0.51) than in AD (β = −2.00) patients. Five non‐AD cases developed frontotemporal dementia years after symptom onset, and one developed dementia with Lewy bodies.DISCUSSIONNon‐AD aMCI patients with medial temporal hypometabolism show slower cognitive decline.Highlights
Non‐AD aMCI with medial temporal hypometabolism shows slower cognitive decline than AD.
FDG‐PET revealed distinct metabolic patterns between non‐AD aMCI and AD patients.
Approximately one‐third of non‐AD aMCI cases developed frontotemporal dementia.
Comprehensive diagnostic biomarkers are crucial for non‐AD aMCI characterization.
Deep Contrast Clustering Analysis to Distinguish Diabetic Complications in Elderly Chinese Patients
Authors: Wang Weihao , Wei Ran , Xiao Pei , Jiang Xun , Chen Zihao , Huang Jinghe , Ma Yanhua , Gao Danni , Shao Jian , Yu Jun , Zhou Kaixin , Chen Chen , Li Ying , Pan Ying , Pan Qi , Jia Tong , Guo Lixin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo establish an innovative clustering method for predicting variable categories of diabetic complications in Chinese ≥ 65 with diabetes.Materials and methodsWe selected and extracted data from elderly patients with diabetes (n = 4980) from a medical examination group of 51,400 people followed up annually from 2014 to date in Kunshan, China. A deep contrast clustering approach was used to cluster and predict diabetic complications. The clustering approach was further validated using data from elderly patients with diabetes (n = 397) from one medical examination cohort of 20,000 people followed up yearly from 2014 to date in Beijing Jiuhua Hospital.ResultsThe patients were clustered into 6 categories by analysing 20 indicators. Cluster 1—Heavy smoking and a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; Cluster 2—High alcohol consumption, high aminotransferase levels, the highest risk of stroke complications, and a high fatty liver disease (FLD) risk; Cluster 3—High blood lipid levels and a risk of FLD and stroke complications; Cluster 4—Good health indicators and a low risk of FLD, stroke, and CVD complications; Cluster 5—Older age, higher uric acid concentration and creatinine level, and the highest risk of CVD complications; Cluster 6—Large waist circumference, high BMI, high blood pressure, and the highest risk of FLD complications. The gene for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in cluster 2 had the highest risk coefficient. This was consistent with cluster 2, which had a higher FLD prevalence.ConclusionsA new clustering method was developed from two large Chinese cohorts of older patients with diabetes, which may effectively predict complications by clustering into different categories.
Multi‐method approach to assessing the floral‐visiting insect assemblage of rare, ambophilous plant Baccharis vanessae in Southern California
Authors: Simokat Christina , Ferguson Elizabeth L. , Keatly Jessica , Smith Tyler , Lorence Mia , O'Hara Jasmine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInsects are the major pollination vectors for angiosperms, and insects native to a given habitat can play an irreplaceable ecological role in food webs and plant reproduction. With precipitous declines in insect species over the last decades, it is urgent to document insect assemblages in native plant communities to support conservation efforts. Identifying pollinators and their pollination activity is challenging; however, emerging technological methods are providing new monitoring capabilities. In this study, we compare the accuracy of two different methods of monitoring to assess the flower‐visiting insect assemblage and likely pollinators of Encinitas baccharis (Baccharis vanessae): focal observations and video recordings from camera traps. B. vanessae is a rare, endemic species found in Coastal Sage Scrub communities in San Diego County. This federally listed species is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, which may also be affecting the availability of its insect pollinators. Results indicate that B. vanessae supports and is supported by a variety of flower‐visiting insect groups. The diversity of insect visitors at male and female plants were similar across all diversity measurements. The insect vectors identified were as expected given B. vanessae pollination syndrome. This syndrome also aligns with wind as a pollination vector, providing evidence of ambophily. While focal observations underreported insect activity by approximately half, the proportions of common diurnal visitors were similar with both methods. Camera traps were unable to provide sufficient detail to discern visually similar groups, but were able to record nocturnal insect activity, which was dominated by moths (Lepidoptera, 82%). While collection protocol in this study did not record the time an insect spent interacting with a flower, we anecdotally observed moths spent notably longer periods in contact with flowers than most diurnal insects. This study has implications for effective monitoring and conservation of endangered plant species and their affiliated pollinators.
Colonization of North America Boosted the Diversification of Whiptail Lizards
Authors: Nappo Humberto Coelho , Colli Guarino Rinaldi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDiversification is frequently associated with change—anything from colonizing a new area to evolving a new trait. Once a lineage changes, the organisms may be able to exploit previously unavailable ecological opportunities and release pressures from predators, parasites, and competitors, which may increase the speciation rate. Modern teiid lizards originated in South America but managed to colonize and diversify in North America. We assessed whether geographic distribution, body size, and body temperatures are associated with teiid diversification using GeoHiSSE and inverse equal‐splits statistics with simulation tests. We also estimated speciation rates with MiSSE to account for the effect of unmeasured variables. Moreover, we assessed the ecological niche overlap between North American (including Caribbean) teiids and their sister clade in South America. Our results indicate that only distribution range affected diversification, but we discuss that the available data might not have been enough to assess the effect of body temperatures. We also show that North American teiids have a broader ecological niche encompassing almost all environmental conditions used by their sister clade in South America but expanding mainly toward arid areas. Our results suggest that this expansion significantly impacted teiid diversification due to the seizing of ecological opportunities or ecological release, but we do not discard possible effects of phenotypic evolution.
Radical‐Driven Imine Hydrogenation Promoted by the Cooperativity of Nickel and a Redox‐Active Ligand
Authors: Bains Amreen K , Kundu Abhishek , Singh Rahul , Jain Harshit , Adhikari Debashis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the case of N‐alkylation reaction via borrowing hydrogen (BH) methods, imine hydrogenation is one of the critical steps. Mechanistically, the majority of imine hydrogenation, either by dihydrogen gas or by alcohol in case of BH methods, follow two‐electron chemistry, where a metal‐hydride intermediate plays a pivotal role. Herein we demonstrate a completely complementary protocol, where the hydrogenation is governed by a radical pathway. Such a pathway is adopted from the redox active nature of the azophenolate ligand backbone. The facile and reversible 2e−/2H+, azo/hydrazo redox couple in a nickel catalyst helps in storing the hydrogen from alcohol dehydrogenation. An imine substrate is reduced by one‐electron from the azo motif with the assistance of the nickel center. The reduced imine drives a critical hydrogen atom transfer step from the hydrazo motif to conduct the hydrogenation. A set of kinetics experiments including Eyring analysis, radical inhibition experiment along with computational probation attest for the radical‐promoted hydrogenation mechanism.
A Separable Bootstrap Variance Estimation Algorithm for Hierarchical Model‐Based Inference of Forest Aboveground Biomass Using Data From NASA's GEDI and Landsat Missions
Authors: Saarela Svetlana , Healey Sean P. , Yang Zhiqiang , Roald Bjørn‐Eirik , Patterson Paul L. , Gobakken Terje , Næsset Erik , Hou Zhengyang , McRoberts Ronald E. , Ståhl Göran 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe hierarchical model‐based (HMB) statistical method is currently applied in connection with NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission for assessing forest aboveground biomass (AGB) in areas lacking a sufficiently large number of GEDI footprints for employing hybrid inference. This study focuses on variance estimation using a bootstrap procedure that separates the computations into parts, thus considerably reducing the computational time required and making bootstrapping a viable option in this context. The procedure we propose uses a theoretical decomposition of the HMB variance into two parts. Through this decomposition, each variance component can be estimated separately and simultaneously. For demonstrating the proposed procedure, we applied a square‐root‐transformed ordinary least squares (OLS) model, and parametric bootstrapping, in the first modeling step of HMB. In the second step, we applied a random forest model and pairwise bootstrapping. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the proposed variance estimator is approximately unbiased. The study was performed on an artificial copula‐generated population that mimics forest conditions in Oregon, USA, using a dataset comprising AGB, GEDI, and Landsat variables.
Multi‐disciplinary team approach for pediatric hemimegalencephaly: Insights from a single institutional case series
Authors: Edmonds Benjamin , Ngo Jacqueline P. , Groves Aran , Reyes Beck , Gott Rolanda A. , Chia Dennis J. , Mirbaha Hilda , Magaki Shino , Khanlou Negar , Pineles Stacy L. , Salamon Noriko , Thompson Rachel M. , Newman Maya , Rajaraman Rajsekar R. , Hussain Shaun A. , Fallah Aria , Russell Bianca , Nariai Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent genetic studies have revealed that hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a multi‐system disorder associated with germline or mosaic variants within the PI3K‐mTOR‐GATOR1 signaling pathways. Patients with HME typically develop drug‐resistant epilepsy necessitating extensive evaluation, hemispherectomy, and long‐term management. We describe the role of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) for the diagnosis and management of recent patients with HME at UCLA who underwent hemispherectomy. Genetic evaluation identified nine patients with the following variants: NPRL3 x2 germline, PIK3CA mosaicism x4, MTOR mosaicism x1, AKT3 mosaicism x1, unknown x1. Each patient's MDT comprised 4–9 specialties. One child with a MTOR variant had persistent epilepsy after hemispherectomy, but addition of everolimus resulted in an 80% decrease in seizure frequency. Another child with hemihypertrophy and PIK3CA mosaic variant was offered targeted PIK3CA inhibitor treatment, alpelisib, for overgrowth. A third child with germline NPRL3 variant inherited from their unaffected mother resulted in a sibling being diagnosed with the variant who later developed seizures secondary to focal cortical dysplasia. The implementation of a MDT offers essential guidance for families affected by HME, encompassing prognostication, surveillance, and therapeutic strategies. Identifying the etiology of HME can facilitate the development of targeted treatments and enable timely genetic counseling.Plain Language SummaryHemimegalencephaly (HME) is a complex brain disorder caused by genetic changes. It often leads to severe epilepsy that doesn't respond to standard treatments and frequently requires surgery. In this case series, nine patients with HME were identified and found to have genetic mutations in key growth‐regulating genes. A multidisciplinary team model was developed to facilitate patients' care. For example, one patient's seizures improved with surgery, another with a new targeted medication, and another received treatment for symptoms of overgrowth. This team approach provides comprehensive care for patients and can lead to efficient care coordination and implementation of novel therapies.
Improved Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, and Antidiabetic Activities and Tailored Emulsion Stability and Foaming Properties of Mixture of Corn Gluten and Soy Protein Hydrolysates Via Enzymatic Processing and Fractionation
Authors: Mirzaee Homaira , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan , Nikoo Mehdi , Udenigwe Chibuike C. , Rezvankhah Amir , Khodaiyan Faramarz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates have gained considerable attention in the food industry and functional food markets due to their diverse health effects, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to produce combined soy and corn protein hydrolysates using Alcalase (Al), modification of Al‐hydrolysates through sequential hydrolysis using Flavourzyme (Al‐FL), cross‐linking of Al‐hydrolysates using microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) (Al‐TG), and fractionation of Al‐hydrolysates by ultrafiltration (UF) with molecular weight (MW) cut‐off of 100 (Al‐F4), 30 (Al‐F3), 10 (Al‐F2), and 2 kDa (Al‐F1). Notably, the < 2 kDa fraction (Al‐F1) showcased exceptional biological activities, including antioxidant (81.54% DPPH, 98.02% ABTS), antihypertensive (95.45%), and antidiabetic effects (44.72% α‐glucosidase, 77.52% α‐amylase), linked to its high hydrophobic amino acid content and low molecular weights (111 and 263 Da). Conversely, the higher molecular weight fraction (Al‐TG) excelled in emulsion and foam stability, attributed to its balanced amino acid profile and larger peptides (1385–7057 Da). Our findings reveal that specific protein hydrolysate fractions, particularly Al‐F1 and Al‐TG, are promising for applications in food and pharmaceutical formulations due to their enhanced biological and functional properties.
A Multicriteria Approach for Landslide Hazard Zonation in the Lesser Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Verma Rahul Kumar , Singh Rajesh , Sharma Prateek , Umrao Ravi Kumar , Singh T. N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe socioeconomic prosperity of a region is intricately tied to its infrastructure development, particularly the connectivity provided by highways. Preserving the economic well‐being of an area demands meticulous planning and the execution of construction projects with minimal risk. Landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) is a crucial tool for assessing the likelihood of landslide occurrences in specific regions. This study delves into the LHZ of a 171.2 km2 area, focusing on critical causative factors such as slope inclination and aspect, slope mass material, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), distance from fault lines, roads, and drainage systems. The classification resulted in four distinct zones along the National Highway (NH‐109) stretch from Bhowali to Almora. Notably, the moderate‐hazard zone encompasses 60.4% of the area, followed by the high‐hazard zone at 24.4%, the low‐hazard zone at 11.9%, and the very high‐hazard zone at 3.3%. To enhance the reliability of the study, 63 previously identified landslide locations were marked based on diverse sources, including field studies and landslide inventory data from the Geological Survey of India (GSI). In the validation process, 12 past landslide occurrences were situated within the very high‐hazard zone, 32 in the high‐hazard zone, 18 in the moderate‐hazard zone, and only one in the low‐hazard zone. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded a commendable quality with a % area under the curve (AUC) of 71.2%. In summary, this research underscores the importance of LHZ in assessing and mitigating landslide risks along a stretch of the NH‐109 corridor. The findings provide valuable insights for informed decision‐making in infrastructure development and risk management, contributing to the sustainable growth and protection of the region's livelihood.
Assessing the Influence of Zero‐Flow Threshold Choice for Characterising Intermittent Stream Hydrology
Authors: Yu Songyan , Shanafield Margaret , Kennard Mark J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTZero‐flow recordings in gauged streamflow data are critically important for intermittent stream research. Acknowledging the high uncertainty in zero‐flow recordings, many studies pick a small number as zero‐flow threshold, below which the flow is considered to be zero. The choice of zero‐flow threshold is often arbitrary or unjustified, which leads us to wonder: would selecting a slightly different threshold change analysis result significantly? Here, we used a simple sensitivity analysis to assess how the choice of zero‐flow threshold impacts the calculated values of relevant metrics to intermittent stream research. Results show that these metrics tended to be more sensitive to lower zero‐flow thresholds, suggesting that even choosing a slightly different threshold could lead to meaningfully different results from the management perspective. This study highlights the need for reasonable justification of the choice of zero‐flow threshold and concludes with potential ways to reduce uncertainty in zero‐flow measurement.