bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BPA Directly Decreases GnRH Neuronal Activity via Noncanonical Pathway
Authors: Klenke Ulrike , Constantin Stephanie , Wray Susan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Peripheral feedback of gonadal estrogen to the hypothalamus is critical for reproduction. Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental pollutant with estrogenic actions, can disrupt this feedback and lead to infertility in both humans and animals. GnRH neurons are essential for reproduction, serving as an important link between brain, pituitary, and gonads. Because GnRH neurons express several receptors that bind estrogen, they are potential targets for endocrine disruptors. However, to date, direct effects of BPA on GnRH neurons have not been shown. This study investigated the effects of BPA on GnRH neuronal activity using an explant model in which large numbers of primary GnRH neurons are maintained and express many of the receptors found in vivo. Because oscillations in intracellular calcium have been shown to correlate with electrical activity in GnRH neurons, calcium imaging was used to assay the effects of BPA. Exposure to 50μM BPA significantly decreased GnRH calcium activity. Blockage of γ-aminobutyric acid ergic and glutamatergic input did not abrogate the inhibitory BPA effect, suggesting direct regulation of GnRH neurons by BPA. In addition to estrogen receptor-β, single-cell RT-PCR analysis confirmed that GnRH neurons express G protein-coupled receptor 30 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1) and estrogen-related receptor-γ, all potential targets for BPA. Perturbation studies of the signaling pathway revealed that the BPA-mediated inhibition of GnRH neuronal activity occurred independent of estrogen receptors, GPER, or estrogen-related receptor-γ, via a noncanonical pathway. These results provide the first evidence of a direct effect of BPA on GnRH neurons.
Cardiomyocyte-specific conditional knockout of the histone chaperone HIRA in mice results in hypertrophy, sarcolemmal damage and focal replacement fibrosis
Authors: Valenzuela Nicolas , Fan Qiying , Fa'ak Faisal , Soibam Benjamin , Nagandla Harika , Liu Yu , Schwartz Robert J. , McConnell Bradley K. , Stewart M. David 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
HIRA is the histone chaperone responsible for replication-independent incorporation of histone variant H3.3 within gene bodies and regulatory regions of actively transcribed genes, and within the bivalent promoter regions of developmentally regulated genes. The HIRA gene lies within the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome critical region; individuals with this syndrome have multiple congenital heart defects. Because terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes have exited the cell cycle, histone variants should be utilized for the bulk of chromatin remodeling. Thus, HIRA is likely to play an important role in epigenetically defining the cardiac gene expression program. In this study, we determined the consequence of HIRA deficiency in cardiomyocytes in vivo by studying the phenotype of cardiomyocyte-specific Hira conditional-knockout mice. Loss of HIRA did not perturb heart development, but instead resulted in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and susceptibility to sarcolemmal damage. Cardiomyocyte degeneration gave way to focal replacement fibrosis and impaired cardiac function. Gene expression was widely altered in Hira conditional-knockout hearts. Significantly affected pathways included responses to cellular stress, DNA repair and transcription. Consistent with heart failure, fetal cardiac genes were re-expressed in the Hira conditional knockout. Our results suggest that transcriptional regulation by HIRA is crucial for cardiomyocyte homeostasis.
FlyBase portals to human disease research using Drosophila models
Authors: Millburn Gillian H. , Crosby Madeline A. , Gramates L. Sian , Tweedie Susan ,   the FlyBase Consortium
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model for studying human disease is well established, reflected by the steady increase in both the number and proportion of fly papers describing human disease models in recent years. In this article, we highlight recent efforts to improve the availability and accessibility of the disease model information in FlyBase (http://flybase.org), the model organism database for Drosophila. FlyBase has recently introduced Human Disease Model Reports, each of which presents background information on a specific disease, a tabulation of related disease subtypes, and summaries of experimental data and results using fruit flies. Integrated presentations of relevant data and reagents described in other sections of FlyBase are incorporated into these reports, which are specifically designed to be accessible to non-fly researchers in order to promote collaboration across model organism communities working in translational science. Another key component of disease model information in FlyBase is that data are collected in a consistent format ­­– using the evolving Disease Ontology (an open-source standardized ontology for human-disease-associated biomedical data) – to allow robust and intuitive searches. To facilitate this, FlyBase has developed a dedicated tool for querying and navigating relevant data, which include mutations that model a disease and any associated interacting modifiers. In this article, we describe how data related to fly models of human disease are presented in individual Gene Reports and in the Human Disease Model Reports. Finally, we discuss search strategies and new query tools that are available to access the disease model data in FlyBase.
Evidence for a plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase in the lumen of salmon heart that may enhance oxygen delivery to the myocardium
Authors: Alderman Sarah L. , Harter Till S. , Wilson Jonathan M. , Supuran Claudiu T. , Farrell Anthony P. , Brauner Colin J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTOxygen supply to the heart of most teleosts, including salmonids, relies in part or in whole on oxygen-depleted venous blood. Given that plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA) in red muscle of rainbow trout has recently been shown to facilitate oxygen unloading from arterial blood under certain physiological conditions, we tested the hypothesis that plasma-accessible CA is present in the lumen of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) hearts, and may therefore assist in the luminal oxygen supply to the spongy myocardium, which has no coronary circulation. We demonstrate a widespread distribution of CA throughout the heart chambers, including lumen-facing cells in the atrium, and confirm that the membrane-bound isoform ca4 is expressed in the atrium and ventricle of the heart. Further, we confirm that CA catalytic activity is available to blood in the atrial lumen using a modified electrometric ΔpH assay in intact atria in combination with either a membrane-impermeable CA inhibitor or specific cleavage of the Ca4 membrane anchor. Combined, these results support our hypothesis of the presence of an enhanced oxygen delivery system in the lumen of a salmonid heart, which could help support oxygen delivery when the oxygen content of venous blood becomes greatly reduced, such as after burst exercise and during environmental hypoxia.
Some Features of Filling Pauses in Lecturer’s Speech
Authors: Веселкова  , Veselkova T. 
Published: March 2016

The article focuses on the influence degree in speech situations, professional
activities, and personal qualities of the speaker frequently filling pauses
use. It is set how acceptable the filling pauses use in public speeches.
Revealed that the profession, the habit to speak, and the speech situation
affect the appearance of the aggregates breaks, but are not the deciding
factor. In the course of the analysis it is proved that, in quantitative and
qualitative use of filler pauses decisive factor is the personal qualities of
the speaker, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the upbringing,
education, psychological, cultural type, activity, age, and more.
Expressiveness of Media Texts as Communicative Hedonistic Strategy in Mass Media
Authors: Хорольский  , Khorolskiy V. 
Published: March 2016

The article deals with language and style peculiarities of mass media language
viewed from hedonistiс standpoint. It is one of the most important
communicative strategies influencing media texts style. The article also
deals with expressiveness and standard in mass media, media text being
the main object of analysis. The problem of expressive media texts is correlated
with expressiveness of pun, neologism, metaphoric narration and
terminology. The conclusions are drawn about ambivalent role of language
experiments in journalism.
Modern tendencies of formation of the basic educational programs of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in «Hospitality»
Authors: Скабеева Лариса , Skabeeva Larisa , Лагусев Юрий , Lagusev Yuriy 
Published: March 2016

In modern conditions of development of tourism and hospitality industry and trends of import-substitution there
is a need of training of heads of hotel complexes. Set conditions must be taken into account in the preparation of
bachelors and masters on the course “Hospitality”. In this regard, the authors study and develop model of the
process of preparation of competitive graduates, which identify the main directions of optimization of this process:
the necessity of interaction with government agencies and the business community, the need to include in a
comprehensive curriculum of preparation of bachelors and masters for the hospitality industry the requirements of
employers, industry and corporate standards. In the article there is the analysis of new occupational standards and
job functions managers of hotels and heads of departments and divisions of hotels, which show that the main common cultural and professional competences must be formed in the main areas of activities: resource management
departments (departments) of the hotel complex; interaction with consumers and stakeholders; monitoring and
evaluation of performance of departments (departments) of the hotel complex. Important role in the preparation
of bachelors is given to the formation of competences in interpersonal and business communication, willingness to
comply with standards of appearance, standards of hospitality and friendliness; ability to customer centricity. In
the result of analysis there is proposed modular structure of the comprehensive program of bachelor “Hospitality”,
a list of additional common cultural and professional competences, which are necessary to form a competitive
graduate who is in demand on the market. The authors determine the main directions of preparation of masters,
taking into account the necessity of formation of professional competence of top-managers that cannot only manage
the hotel, but also the hotel chain.
Modern practice-oriented approaches for the development of educational programs of masters in «Hospitality»
Authors: Бушуева Ирина , Bushueva Irina , Скабеева Лариса , Skabeeva Larisa 
Published: March 2016

In modern conditions of development of the tourism and hospitality industry and trends of import substitution
there is a need for training of top managers, able to lead the charge in creating new tourist-recreational territories,
tourist and resort hotel complexes, their strategic management, the construction or reconstruction.
The most important task of this stage is the improvement of higher education and adapting modern trends
to the development of educational programs of magistracy. The research allows to identify not only the main
functions of managers of hotels and hotel operators network, which are not only in the management of personnel
and technological processes, financial operations, development strategies, but also long-term investment
activities associated with the design of both the hotel complex and all the business processes for its launch and
subsequent operation. The authors propose to introduce a new discipline – “Hotel development”, which should
form competences, based on legislative, engineering and economic knowledge. This will help future masters to
interact with the participants of the investment project, hotel and tourist and recreational complexes (design
organizations, government agencies, etc.), to evaluate investment projects and the concept of the hotel/ tourist
and recreational complexes. The article is based on the analysis of new professional standards, the main result
of which was the development of recommendations to the educational program of graduate training in the direction
of “Hospitality”, taking into account the required knowledge, skills and abilities of future managers of the
hospitality enterprises. Recommendations for educational program take into account also the requirements to
the common cultural and professional competences of the Federal state educational standard of higher education
(FSES3+), approved on July 3, 2015.
Regulatory problems of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel for the sphere of recreation and sport tourism
Authors: Павлов Евгений , Pavlov Evgeniy 
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of legal regulation of training for the sphere of recreation and sports tourism
and evaluation of the quality and knowledge level. The author presents the scheme of functioning of system of
training, retraining and advanced training of personnel for the sphere of recreation and sports tourism. He shows
the mechanisms of interaction between the system of training, retraining and skills development with community
employers through professional accreditation and professional standards in the training system. Such mechanisms
could include joint community participation of employers and developers of basic and additional professional
educational programs in the preparation and implementation of professional standards, community participation
of employers in the formation of the main and additional professional educational programs with the requirements
of professional standards, independent assessment of quality of graduates in terms of carrying out the state final
certification public accreditation of associations of employers. The author describes the features of state and public
accreditation. There is also the urgency of the implementation of public accreditation system of training, retraining
and advanced training of personnel for the sphere of recreation and sports tourism. There is presented the analysis
of normative legal acts determining the categories of personnel for the sphere of recreation and sport tourism, and
the contradictions in the regulatory legal acts indicating a lack of common understanding of the professions of
recreation and sport tourism. The author proposes priority measures of improving the system of training, retraining
and advanced training of personnel for the sphere of recreation and sport tourism from the viewpoint of improvement
of normative-legal acts.
On the Effectiveness of Uniform Subsidies in Increasing Market Consumption
Authors: Levi Retsef , Perakis Georgia , Romero Gonzalo 
Published: March 2016

We study the problem faced by a central planner trying to increase the consumption of a good, such as new malaria drugs in Africa. The central planner allocates subsidies to its producers, subject to a budget constraint and endogenous market response. The policy most commonly implemented in practical applications of this problem is uniform, in the sense that it allocates the same per-unit subsidy to every firm, primarily because of its simplicity and perceived fairness. Surprisingly, we identify sufficient conditions of the firms’ marginal costs such that uniform subsidies are optimal, even if the firms’ efficiency levels are arbitrarily different. Moreover, this insight is usually preserved even if the central planner is uncertain about the specific market conditions. Further in many cases, uniform subsidies simultaneously attain the best social welfare solution. Additionally, simulation results in relevant settings where uniform subsidies are not optimal suggest that they induce a nearly optimal market consumption. On the other hand, if the firms face a fixed cost of entry to the market, then the performance of uniform subsidies can be significantly worse, suggesting the need for an alternative policy in this setup.This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Compliance before and after Electronic Health Record Implementation
Authors: Saum Lindsay , Reeves David 
Published: March 2016

Background Adherence to American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis helps avoid thromboembolic complications during hospitalization. Electronic health records (EHR) have the potential to make an impact on guideline adherence, but data are lacking. Objectives To determine compliance with VTE prophylaxis guidelines in internal medicine and oncology populations and to determine whether EHR implementation had any effect on the rate and appropriateness of prophylaxis practices. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on medical and oncology patients admitted to the hospital for a 2-month period pre-EHR and post-EHR implementation. Risk assessment tools were available pre and post, however they were not mandatory. The rate of VTE prophylaxis was compared between the 2 time periods, with appropriateness assessed in a subgroup of participants without prophylaxis. Results A total of 2,423 patients on the oncology and internal medicine floors were identified during the pre-EHR ( n = 1,171) and post-EHR ( n = 1,252) time periods. Patients in the post-EHR group were less likely to be prescribed prophylaxis as compared to those in the pre-EHR group (43% vs 50%; P = .001). In the patients audited for proper prophylaxis use ( n = 750), significantly more patients in the post-EHR group had risk factors (84% vs 53%; P <.001) and contraindications (23% vs 8%; P = .001) than in the pre-EHR group. Noncompliance to prophylaxis in patients who were candidates (positive risk factors without contraindications) occurred more often in the post-EHR group (51% vs 39%; P <.001). Conclusion Implementation of an EHR was associated with an increase in the documentation of risk factors and contraindications; however, there was a significant decrease in VTE prophylaxis utilization after EHR implementation.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Health Care Professionals at Small Community Hospitals
Authors: Buckel Whitney R. , Hersh Adam L. , Pavia Andy T. , Jones Peter S. , Owen-Smith Ashli A. , Stenehjem Edward 
Published: March 2016

Background Very little is known about antimicrobial stewardship knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among health care practitioners in small, community hospitals (SCHs) compared to large community hospitals (LCHs). Objective To compare infectious diseases (ID) clinical resources and describe KAP pertaining to antimicrobial stewardship among prescribers, pharmacists, and administrators from a large hospital network including a comparison between SCHs and LCHs. Methods An anonymous 48-item antimicrobial stewardship KAP survey was administered to pharmacists, prescribers, and administrators at 15 SCH (<200 beds) and 5 LCHs (>200 beds) within an integrated health care network. Results In total, 588 (14%) completed the survey: 198 from SCHs and 390 from LCHs. Most respondents were familiar or very familiar with the term antimicrobial stewardship and felt that antimicrobial stewardship was necessary. Most pharmacists and prescribers agreed that antimicrobials were overused at their hospital. However, SCH pharmacists and prescribers were more likely to disagree that antibiotic resistance is a significant problem locally. Pharmacists saw restrictions as a reasonable method of controlling antibiotic use more than prescribers. SCH practitioners were less familiar with IDSA guidelines and less likely to rely on ID specialists to a greater extent than LCH practitioners. Most respondents strongly agreed they would like more antimicrobial education. Conclusion SCH and LCH pharmacists, prescribers, and administrators are aware of antimicrobial resistance and overuse and agree that antimicrobial stewardship programs are necessary. SCHs are less likely to contact ID for information. These results support the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs at SCHs, while recognizing the significant differences in availability and utilization of resources.
China and SAARC: Connectivity — Need for an Enabling Environment
Authors: Khalid Rahman  
Published: March 2016

Connectivity with others is among the basic requirements of human beings, societies and nations. It has been present, and continues to expand, in form and substance. Things are being shaped up quite rapidly with the advancement in information and communication technologies. In the particular context of China and South Asian countries, while physical connectivity and the development of related infrastructure — roads and railways, bridges, pipelines, and communication lines etc. — remain the important element in improving the relationship, more vital is to focus on soft i.e. non-physical aspects of connectivity; policies, procedures and rules. Thus, a favorable regulatory mechanism with regard to the movement of people, goods, finances as well as information is required. On a greater level, mental, political and social connectivity between the people, is a prerequisite. This, in turn, would provide a lasting and sustainable foundation for good relations.
Revised version of the Paper presented in the China-South Asia Think-Tank Forum held in Kunming, China, on June 6–7, 2013, under the auspices of Institute of South Asian Studies, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences.
The Evolution in Global Power Balance and Pak-China Relations
Authors: M. Akram Zaki  
Published: March 2016

The global power paradigm is witnessing a major shift, from the West to the East, and China is emerging as a key player at the world scene. While Pak-China relations have always remained coordinal, new opportunities of enhanced cooperation at bilateral and beyond bilateral level are opening up with this global power shift. China can help Pakistan attain the latter's due role at forums such as SCO, can also play a role in normalizing Pak-India relations, and may offer substantial cooperation Vis-à-vis regional stability particularly with reference to Afghanistan. Pakistan, on its part, provides a secure and feasible corridor for China's momentous production sector and to meet its growing energy needs. The two time-tested partners can also cooperate closely at global forums.
The article is a revised version of the concluding speech made at the last session of the three day conference “Pakistan China Relations: Bilateral and Beyond Bilateral Exchanges” organized by the Institute of Policy Studies in collaboration with Chinese and Pakistani academic institutions, on April 28–30, 2014. The session took place at the University of Management and Technology, Lahore on April 30.