bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea–Induced Adaptor Protein 2 Sigma Subunit 1 (Ap2s1) Mutations Establish Ap2s1 Loss‐of‐Function Mice
Authors: Gorvin Caroline M , Rogers Angela , Stewart Michelle , Paudyal Anju , Hough Tertius A , Teboul Lydia , Wells Sara , Brown Steve DM , Cox Roger D , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe adaptor protein‐2 sigma subunit (AP2σ), encoded by AP2S1, forms a heterotetrameric complex, with AP2α, AP2β, and AP2μ subunits, that is pivotal for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, and AP2σ loss‐of‐function mutations impair internalization of the calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR), a G‐protein–coupled receptor, and cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type‐3 (FHH3). Mice with AP2σ mutations that would facilitate investigations of the in vivo role of AP2σ, are not available, and we therefore embarked on establishing such mice. We screened >10,000 mice treated with the mutagen N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) for Ap2s1 mutations and identified 5 Ap2s1 variants, comprising 2 missense (Tyr20Asn and Ile123Asn) and 3 intronic base substitutions, one of which altered the invariant donor splice site dinucleotide gt to gc. Three‐dimensional modeling and cellular expression of the missense Ap2s1 variants did not reveal them to alter AP2σ structure or CaSR‐mediated signaling, but investigation of the donor splice site variant revealed it to result in an in‐frame deletion of 17 evolutionarily conserved amino acids (del17) that formed part of the AP2σ α1‐helix, α1‐β3 loop, and β3 strand. Heterozygous mutant mice (Ap2s1+/del17) were therefore established, and these had AP2σ haplosufficiency but were viable with normal appearance and growth. Ap2s1+/del17 mice, when compared with Ap2s1+/+ mice, also had normal plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, and alkaline phosphatase activity; normal urinary fractional excretion of calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium; and normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2) concentrations. However, homozygous Ap2s1del17/del17 mice were non‐viable and died between embryonic days 3.5 and 9.5 (E3.5–9.5), thereby indicating that AP2σ likely has important roles at the embryonic patterning stages and organogenesis of the heart, thyroid, liver, gut, lungs, pancreas, and neural systems. Thus, our studies have established a mutant mouse model that is haplosufficient for AP2σ. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Notch Ligand Jagged1 Regulates the Osteoblastic Lineage by Maintaining the Osteoprogenitor Pool
Authors: Lawal Rialnat A , Zhou Xichao , Batey Kaylind , Hoffman Corey M , Georger Mary A , Radtke Freddy , Hilton Matthew J , Xing Lianping , Frisch Benjamin J , Calvi Laura M 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNotch signaling is critical for osteoblastic differentiation; however, the specific contribution of individual Notch ligands is unknown. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the Notch ligand Jagged1 in osteoblastic cells. To determine if osteolineage Jagged1 contributes to bone homeostasis, selective deletion of Jagged1 in osteolineage cells was achieved through the presence of Prx1 promoter‐driven Cre recombinase expression, targeting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their progeny (PJag1 mice). PJag1 mice were viable and fertile and did not exhibit any skeletal abnormalities at 2 weeks of age. At 2 months of age, however, PJag1 mice had increased trabecular bone mass compared to wild‐type (WT) littermates. Dynamic histomorphometric analysis showed increased osteoblastic activity and increased mineral apposition rate. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased numbers of osteocalcin‐positive mature osteoblasts in PJag1 mice. Also increased phenotypically defined Lin–/CD45–/CD31–/Sca1–/CD51+ osteoblastic cells were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Surprisingly, phenotypically defined Lin–/CD45–/CD31–/Sca1+/CD51+ MSCs were unchanged in PJag1 mice as measured by flow cytometric analysis. However, functional osteoprogenitor (OP) cell frequency, measured by Von Kossa+ colony formation, was decreased, suggesting that osteolineage Jagged1 contributes to maintenance of the OP pool. The trabecular bone increases were not due to osteoclastic defects, because PJag1 mice had increased bone resorption. Because PTH increases osteoblastic Jagged1, we sought to understand if osteolineage Jagged1 modulates PTH‐mediated bone anabolism. Intermittent PTH treatment resulted in a significantly greater increase in BV/TV in PJag1 hind limbs compared to WT. These findings demonstrate a critical role of osteolineage Jagged1 in bone homeostasis, where Jagged1 maintains the transition of OP to maturing osteoblasts. This novel role of Jagged1 not only identifies a regulatory loop maintaining appropriate populations of osteolineage cells, but also provides a novel approach to increase trabecular bone mass, particularly in combination with PTH, through modulation of Jagged1. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Impact of Calcium and Two Doses of Vitamin D on Bone Metabolism in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rahme Maya , Sharara Sima Lynn , Baddoura Rafic , Habib Robert H , Halaby Georges , Arabi Asma , Singh Ravinder J , Kassem Moustapha , Mahfoud Ziyad , Hoteit Maha , Daher Rose T , Bassil Darina , El Ferkh Karim , El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The optimal dose of vitamin D to optimize bone metabolism in the elderly is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that vitamin D, at a dose higher than recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), has a beneficial effect on bone remodeling and mass. In this double-blind trial we randomized 257 overweight elderly subjects to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium citrate/day, and the daily equivalent of 3750 IU/day or 600 IU/day of vitamin D3 for 1 year. The subjects’ mean age was 71 ± 4 years, body mass index 30 ± 4 kg/m2, 55% were women, and 222 completed the 12-month follow-up. Mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was 20 ng/mL, and rose to 26 ng/mL in the low-dose arm, and 36 ng/mL in the high-dose arm, at 1 year (p &lt; 0.05). Plasma parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptide (Cross Laps) levels decreased significantly by 20% to 22% in both arms, but there were no differences between the two groups for any variable, at 6 or 12 months, with the exception of serum calcitriol, which was higher in the high-dose group at 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased significantly at the total hip and lumbar spine, but not the femoral neck, in both study arms, whereas subtotal body BMD increased in the high-dose group only, at 1 year. However, there were no significant differences in percent change BMD between the two study arms at any skeletal site. Subjects with serum 25OHD &lt;20 ng/mL and PTH level &gt;76 pg/mL showed a trend for higher BMD increments at all skeletal sites, in the high-dose group, that reached significance at the hip. Adverse events were comparable in the two study arms. This controlled trial shows little additional benefit in vitamin D supplementation at a dose exceeding the IOM recommendation of 600 IU/day on BMD and bone markers, in overweight elderly individuals. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Low Serum DHEAS Predicts Increased Fracture Risk in Older Men: The MrOS Sweden Study
Authors: Ohlsson Claes , Nethander Maria , Kindmark Andreas , Ljunggren Östen , Lorentzon Mattias , Rosengren Björn E , Karlsson Magnus K , Mellström Dan , Vandenput Liesbeth 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The adrenal-derived hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating hormones and their levels decline substantially with age. DHEAS is considered an inactive precursor, which is converted into androgens and estrogens via local metabolism in peripheral target tissues. The predictive value of serum DHEAS for fracture risk is unknown. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the associations between baseline DHEAS levels and incident fractures in a large cohort of older men. Serum DHEAS levels were analyzed with mass spectrometry in the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study in Sweden (n = 2568, aged 69 to 81 years). Incident X-ray validated fractures (all, n = 594; non-vertebral major osteoporotic, n = 255; hip, n = 175; clinical vertebral, n = 206) were ascertained during a median follow-up of 10.6 years. DHEAS levels were inversely associated with the risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] per SD decrease = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.24), non-vertebral major osteoporotic fractures (HR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.48), and hip fractures (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37) but not clinical vertebral fractures (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.95–1.26) in Cox regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and prevalent fractures. Further adjustment for traditional risk factors for fracture, bone mineral density (BMD), and/or physical performance variables as well as serum sex steroid levels only slightly attenuated the associations between serum DHEAS and fracture risk. Similarly, the point estimates were only marginally reduced after adjustment for FRAX estimates with BMD. The inverse association between serum DHEAS and all fractures or major osteoporotic fractures was nonlinear, with a substantial increase in fracture risk (all fractures 22%, major osteoporotic fractures 33%) for those participants with serum DHEAS levels below the median (0.60 μg/mL). In conclusion, low serum DHEAS levels are a risk marker of mainly non-vertebral fractures in older men, of whom those with DHEAS levels below 0.60 μg/mL are at highest risk. © The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Clinical Utility of Using Lumbar Spine Trabecular Bone Score to Adjust Fracture Probability: The Manitoba BMD Cohort
Authors: Martineau Patrick , Leslie William D , Johansson Helena , Oden Anders , McCloskey Eugene V , Hans Didier , Kanis John A 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Decreased lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS), a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived image texture measurement, is a risk factor for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) independent of 10-year fracture probability estimated using FRAX. We determined how often applying the TBS adjustment to fracture probability altered treatment qualification. Using a population-based registry containing all clinical DXA results for Manitoba, Canada, we identified 34,316 women with baseline spine and hip DXA, FRAX-based fracture probability measurements (computed with femoral neck bone mineral density), lumbar spine TBS, and minimum 5 years of observation (mean 8.7 years). Population-based health services data were used to identify incident non-traumatic MOF and HF in 3503 and 945 women, respectively. Baseline MOF and HF probabilities were estimated using FRAX before and after applying the TBS adjustment. Risk recategorization was assessed using net reclassification improvement (NRI) for individual FRAX-based intervention criteria and three national clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) (US National Osteoporosis Foundation, Osteoporosis Canada, and UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group). Overall, proportions of women reclassified with the TBS adjustment to FRAX were small (less than 5%) with more than 90% of the reclassification occurring close to the intervention threshold. For women close to an intervention cut-off reclassification, rates ranged from 9.0% to 17.9% and were &lt;1% otherwise. There was a small but significant improvement in overall NRI for all individual FRAX-based intervention criteria (range 0.007 to 0.018) and all three national CPGs (range 0.008 to 0.011). NRI was larger in women below age 65 years (up to 0.056 for hip fracture). In summary, a small but significant improvement in MOF and HF risk assessment was found by using lumbar spine TBS to adjust FRAX probability. An improvement in risk reclassification was observed for CPGs from three different countries, with almost all of the benefit found in individuals close to an intervention threshold. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Influence of oral contraceptives on lipid profile and paraoxonase and commonly hepatic enzymes activities
Authors: Kowalska Katarzyna , Ściskalska Milena , Bizoń Anna , Śliwińska‐Mossoń Mariola , Milnerowicz Halina 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to verify the influence of oral contraceptives (OCs) on lipid profile and the arylesterase, lactonase and phosphotriesterase activities of paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Also commonly hepatic enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ‐glutamyltranspherase (GGT) were measured.MethodsLipid profile and hepatic enzymes were determined using commercial available reagents. Paraoxonase activities were estimated using earlier published procedures. Blood samples were collected from 120 women of similar age (22.6±1.0 years) with similar BMI (20.71±2.20 kg/m2). Participations were divided into two groups: 74 females do not take (group A) and 46 women taking OCs (group B).ResultsHigher triglycerides and lower low‐density lipoproteins levels were observed in group B than in group A) (56.9±19.7 mg/dL. Castelli risk index I was significantly higher in group B when compared to group A (P<.0001), whereas we did not observe any statistically significant differences in Castelli risk index II value between studied groups. In group B, increase in ALT, AST and GGT activities were found, while the de Ritis ratio was lower in group B than in group A.In group B, lower phosphotriesterase activity and higher arylesterase and lactonase activities were found when compared to group A.ConclusionHigher ALT, AST and GGT activities in serum as well as changes in lipid profile and PON activities can indicate that OCs usage can cause disorder in these parameters in the serum of women taking OCs.
A novel feedstuff: ensiling of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) stover and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) mixtures. Evaluation of the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability
Authors: Andrade Ederson , Gonçalves Alexandre , Mendes‐Ferreira Ana , Silva Valéria , Pinheiro Victor , Rodrigues Miguel , Ferreira Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgro‐industrial by‐products are of low economic value as foods for human consumption but may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This study evaluated a novel feedstuff, ensiled discarded apple (85%) and cowpea stover (15%) mixtures with two different ensiling periods (45 and 60 days), regarding the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability.RESULTSGenerally, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between ensiling periods for nutritive value and fermentation characteristics. Silages were stable after ensiling, presenting high lactic acid (77.3 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) and acetic acid (54.7 g kg−1 DM) and low ethanol (15.7 g kg−1 DM) and NH3‐N (105.6 g kg−1 total N) concentrations. No butyric acid was detected in silages, and they were aerobically stable for up to 216 h. Lactic acid bacteria numbers were high at silo opening (7.14 log colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1), while Enterobacteriaceae were not detected and yeasts/moulds were low (2.44 log CFU g−1). Yeast/mould and Enterobacteriaceae numbers grew considerably during 12 days of air exposure.CONCLUSIONA mixture of low calibre discarded apples with cowpea stover can be used as animal feed after the ensiling process owing to its nutritive value and long aerobic stability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Technological Impacts on Market Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Baines Paul R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTechnology has had a profound effect on twentieth‐century society and is increasingly changing the nature of the way we live our lives in the twenty‐first century, particularly, but not solely, through innovations in digital and social media marketing. As media and other technologies change, the question arising concerns how these changes impact on consumers’ attitudes and behaviors, and consequently on their lives. In this special edition, nine papers are presented, outlining cutting‐edge research exploring how changing technologies affect consumer attitudes, emotions, and behaviors in a variety of country settings and industries. In this introductory editorial, the papers are outlined in further detail, with a brief exposition of their contribution.
How Does Serious M‐Game Technology Encourage Low‐Income Households To Perform Socially Responsible Behaviors?
Authors: Yam Alpha , Russell‐Bennett Rebekah , Foth Marcus , Mulcahy Rory 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDespite the increasing use of technology, there is little research in the marketing literature that examines how games can encourage households to achieve socially responsible behaviors such as energy efficiency. Social marketing is a subdiscipline of marketing that applies technology such as serious games in the pursuit of socially responsible behaviors. We investigate in this study how a serious mobile game (m‐game) (Reduce Your Juice) can encourage households to perform energy‐efficient behaviors by conducting group interviews with six households (n = 17) in Brisbane, Australia. The findings reveal that households gained knowledge and were motivated and persuaded to engage in energy‐efficient behaviors as the result of the customer experience of playing the serious m‐game. We provide practitioners with implications for game design and evidence that serious m‐games can encourage group level behaviors such as household energy efficiency.
Pride in Technology‐Based Health Interventions: A Double‐Edged Sword
Authors: Manika Danae , Gregory‐Smith Diana , Antonetti Paolo 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe examine in this study the contrasting effects (positive and negative) of hubristic pride about one's weight, after exposure to a weight control Web site, on consumers’ attitudes and self‐regulatory behavior. Using an experiment embedded in a survey, we offer in this study insights into the multifaceted consequences generated by pride, when elicited by technology‐based social marketing interventions. Greater feelings of hubristic pride about one's weight translate into positive attitudes toward the Web site information but reduce the perceived relevance of the information to the self. This reduced perceived relevance leads to poor perceptions of Web site interactivity with consequent negative effects on behavioral regulation. Thus, increasing feelings of pride can be a double‐edge sword. Hubristic pride directly affects technology‐based behavioral intentions, such as intentions to download a health‐related mobile application, but indirectly influences nontechnology‐oriented intentions to take health action through attitudes. Marketers should be cautious of the mixed attitudinal and behavioral effects of pride.
Consumer Branded #Hashtag Engagement: Can Creativity in TV Advertising Influence Hashtag Engagement?
Authors: Stathopoulou Anastasia , Borel Laurence , Christodoulides George , West Douglas 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examines the effects of creativity on consumer branded hashtag engagement in the context of TV advertising. Applying a qualitative design, two types of TV commercials were selected: humorous and warmth. This was followed by a quantitative study with 259 participants suggesting that novelty and relevance in TV advertisements together with brand familiarity are important drivers of consumer branded hashtag engagement. Consumer branded hashtag engagement, in turn, encourages consumers to share advertisements online through different social media platforms. In addition, brand familiarity and the type of TV advertisement were found to be significant moderators. The results of this study highlight the pertinence of hashtags for consumer–brand engagement, and contribute to a better understanding of consumer branded hashtag engagement in advertising. Guidance to advertisers on how to utilize creativity in TV advertisements to encourage consumer engagement with the brand is offered.
Talbot‐Lau X‐ray phase contrast for tiling‐based acquisitions without reference scanning
Authors: Kaeppler Sebastian , Seifert Maria , Horn Florian , Pelzer Georg , Rieger Jens , Michel Thilo , Maier Andreas , Anton Gisela , Riess Christian 
Published: March 2017

PurposeGrating‐based Talbot‐Lau interferometers are a popular choice for phase‐contrast X‐ray acquisitions. Here, an air reference scan has to be acquired prior to an object scan. This particularly complicates acquisition of large objects: large objects are tiled into multiple scans due to the small field of view of current gratings. However, phase reference drifts occurring between these scans may require to repeatedly move the object in and out of the X‐ray beam to update the reference information.MethodsWe developed an image processing technique that completely removes the need for phase reference scans in tiled acquisitions. We estimate the reference from object scans using a tailored iterated robust regression, using a novel efficient optimizer.ResultsOur evaluation indicates that the estimated reference is not only close to the acquired reference but also improves the final image quality. We hypothesize that this is because we mitigate errors that are introduced when actually acquiring the reference phase.ConclusionPhase‐contrast imaging of larger objects may benefit from computational estimation of phase reference data due to reduced scanning complexity and improved image quality.
Alcohol and binge eating as mediators between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and body mass index
Authors: Cronce Jessica M. , Bedard‐Gilligan Michele A. , Zimmerman Lindsey , Hodge Kimberley A. , Kaysen Debra 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveSexual‐minority women are at elevated risk for obesity, as well as exposure to traumatic events. Rates of obesity are elevated in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but little is known about why this relationship exists. Behavioral mechanisms, such as eating patterns and alcohol use, are possible explanations that would be clinically useful to identify.MethodsBinge eating and alcohol use were longitudinally investigated as mediators of the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and body mass index (BMI) in a large sample of young‐adult, sexual‐minority women (N = 425). PTSD symptom severity was assessed at baseline, binge eating and alcohol use were assessed 12 months later, and BMI was assessed 24 months after baseline.ResultsUsing a multiple mediator model, higher baseline PTSD symptom severity was found to be significantly associated with higher BMI 2 years later, operating through binge‐eating behavior but not through alcohol use. Exploratory moderator analyses found that this effect was higher for those with lower baseline BMI.ConclusionsResults suggest that higher PTSD symptoms are longitudinally associated with increased BMI and that binge eating behavior is one factor that explains this relationship.