bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cod Larviculture Using High‐density Rotifer Production with Different Enrichments
Authors: Haché Rémy , Plante Sébastien , Forward Benjamin S. , Pernet Fabrice 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh‐density (HD) rotifer culture systems have been recently commercialized, but are not commonly used by the aquaculture industry. The aim of this study was to determine if HD systems could be used in cod hatcheries. An enrichment strategy using the commercial products, ArteMac and Protein Selco Plus (Com), was compared with the manufacturer's suggested enrichment, using Pavlova‐DHA (Pav). The Pav enrichment increased the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels in rotifers, but reduced the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 22:5n‐6 (n‐6DPA, docosapentaenoic acid) levels. Larvae EPA levels in both polar and neutral lipids were relatively stable in the larvae fed with Com‐rotifers; while they were higher in early stages, they were progressively reduced through ontogeny in the Pav‐rotifers fed‐larvae. DHA levels in polar lipids decreased in larvae, particularly when fed with HD‐Pav rotifers. In all larvae, arachidonic acid (ARA) levels increased in the polar and neutral lipids, regardless of treatments. In both lipid fractions, the levels of ARA were quite stable in time, but still higher in larvae fed with Com‐rotifers. Bacterial load was lower in larvae fed with Pav‐rotifers. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bacterial profiles of larvae and rotifers were all similar. This study shows the potential of using HD systems to produce rotifers, but highlights the necessity of adjusting the nutritional composition of rotifers prior to being fed to larvae.
Impact of the Community‐based Fish Culture System on Expenditure and Inequality: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Haque A. B. M. Mahfuzul , Dey Madan Mohan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of a Community‐based Fish Culture (CBFC) system on household expenditure and how expenditure inequality in the fish‐producing communities has changed due to involvement in the CBFC system. Six floodplains, comprising three project sites and three controls, were chosen from three river basin areas of Bangladesh; data for this study were collected for a period of 3 yr. A propensity score matching method was used to evaluate the impact of CBFC on household expenditure; while a Gini coefficient and Gini decomposition were used to estimate inequality. The results show that the CBFC system has a positive and significant impact on fish culture community household expenditure. Results also reveal that the CBFC system has an equalization effect on food, clothing, and healthcare expenditure. Furthermore, this management system helps to distribute total expenditure 15% more equally among the fish culture communities.
Use of Microsatellite DNA Profiling to Identify Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus of Hatchery Origin
Authors: Liu Yongxin , Yang Runqing , Liu Yi , Si Fei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractJapanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, is an economically important marine fish species in Asia. A suite of 18 microsatellite markers chosen from published genetic linkage maps was used to carry out parentage assignments of 188 hatchery‐reared juveniles from a small number of breeders. The probabilities of exclusion for the 18 microsatellite markers were 0.604–0.913, and the effectiveness of combined probability of exclusion reached 100% when using the eight microsatellite markers with higher Excl 1 probabilities. The cultured and wild stocks (WSs) were differentiated in a release‐recapture population based on these markers. Of the 321 recaptured offspring, 28.34% were assigned to their parental pairs in our broodstock, whereas the remaining offspring could not be traced back to a possible sire or dam. Significant reduction in genetic diversity of the cultured stock (CS) had not been found compared with that of the WS. The results suggest that CSs released into the wild will not adversely affect the genetic structure of natural populations. Our results demonstrate that these markers provide an efficient tool for parentage assignments and genetic analysis of Japanese flounder.
Transgenic potato plants expressing the cold‐inducible transcription factor SCOF‐1 display enhanced tolerance to freezing stress
Authors: Kim Yun‐Hee , Kim Myoung Duck , Park Sung‐Chul , Jeong Jae Cheol , Kwak Sang‐Soo , Lee Haeng‐Soon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum) is a frost‐sensitive species that is incapable of cold acclimation. Brief exposure to frost can significantly reduce yield, and hard frost can completely destroy entire crops. Thus, enhancing freezing tolerance by even a few degrees would considerably improve crop hardiness to frost damage. Transgenic potato plants expressing the soybean cold‐inducible zinc finger transcription factor (SCOF‐1) under control of the oxidative stress‐inducible sweet potato peroxidase (SWPA2) promoter (designated as SF plants) were generated, and leaf discs and whole plants were evaluated for enhanced tolerance to cold and freezing conditions. SF plants were treated with 4°C for 5 days, and SCOF‐1 expression positively correlated with tolerance to cold stress. SF plants treated with cold stress exhibited greater photosynthetic activity and total chlorophyll levels than those in cold‐stressed non‐transformed (NT) plants. During freeze–thaw treatment, lipid peroxidation levels in SF plants recovered to approximately prestress levels after 12 h of recovery at 25°C, whereas lipid peroxidation remained at an increased level in NT plants after the same recovery period. The results of our study indicate that freezing stress can be efficiently enhanced in potato by overexpressing SCOF‐1.
Effect of induced tolerance toBttoxin on the egg size ofHelicoverpa armigeraand parasitism byTrichogramma pretiosum
Authors: Anantanawat Kay J. , Glatz Richard , Keller Michael A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarvae ofHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) can develop a form ofBttolerance after exposure to sub‐lethal doses ofBt‐toxin subclassCry1Ac. Increasing levels of tolerance are produced over generations of larval exposure, which are not related toDNAsequence changes, and are largely maternally transmitted. The characteristic of maternal transmission, combined with the importance of egg parasitoids to cotton pest management, raises questions about the effects ofBttolerance/exposure on the eggs ofH. armigeraand on some key metrics of egg parasitism. In the present study, the effect of inducible tolerance on eggs ofH. armigeraand parasitism byTrichogramma pretiosum(Riley) is investigated. First, the volumes of eggs laid by susceptible and tolerantH. armigerafemales are compared. In addition, the effect of inducible tolerance on egg parasitism is determined by comparing parasitism success, the number of adult wasps emerged per host egg, and the proportion of male and female offspring emerged per host egg. The results obtained suggest thatCry1Ac‐tolerance is associated with increased egg volume, even after just one generation of sub‐lethal exposure. When tolerantH. armigeraare freed from ongoing sub‐lethal exposure, a corresponding decrease in egg volume is not detected. Although there is no difference in the percentage of eggs parasitized, there is an increase in the number of emergent parasitoids, especially males, from eggs laid by tolerantH. armigera. These results confirm that maternally‐transmittedBttolerance is reflected in the phenotype of the eggs of tolerant offspring, which affects egg parasitism.
Malnutrition coupled with diarrheal and respiratory infections among children in Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Brennhofer Stephanie , Reifsnider Elizabeth , Bruening Meg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess the relationship between malnutrition and respiratory and diarrheal infections among children aged five and under living in Asian countries.Design and SampleThe design was adapted from the PRISMA method to include case‐control, cross‐sectional, ecological, and experimental studies. A review of electronic databases identified 144 articles of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were studies of malnourished children under the age of five with respiratory and/or diarrheal infections, admitted to hospitals or residing in villages throughout countries in Asia, and published between 2005 and 2015.MeasuresInfection was defined as the presence of a respiratory or diarrheal illness. Malnutrition was predominantly measured by WHO standards.ResultsMalnutrition is associated with respiratory and diarrheal infections. Children have higher rates of mortality when both malnourished and experiencing a respiratory infection.ConclusionFurther research needs to examine the synergetic effect of diarrheal and respiratory infections in malnourished children and rates of mortality. Public health nurses (PHNs) play a critical role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition and infections in community and national systems. Obtaining better data will allow PHNs to provide critical care in the most underserved areas throughout Asia.
Conditioning of amitriptyline‐induced REM sleep suppression in healthy participants: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Winkler Alexander , Rheker Julia , Doering Bettina K. , Rief Winfried 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClinical trials in sleep disorders report substantial improvement in symptoms in their placebo groups. Behavioral conditioning is one of the underlying mechanisms of the placebo response. However, we do not know whether, and if so, the extent to which sleep architecture is influenced by behavioral conditioning, similarly to other physiological responses (i.e., those in the immune system). We therefore applied a conditioning paradigm to 39 healthy adults pairing a novel‐tasting drink (conditioned stimulus, CS) with the REM sleep suppressing tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline as unconditioned stimulus during the acquisition phase. Subsequent sole presentation of the CS (together with a placebo pill) in an evocation night led to significantly more REM sleep in the amitriptyline group. Instead of the expected REM sleep suppression in the evocation night, we observed more REM sleep, indicating a rebound that interferes with the conditioned response.
U–Pb Dating of Hydrothermal Zircons from the Neoproterozoic Liushanyan VMS Cu–Zn Deposit, Central China: Evidence for a Triassic Deformation Event
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Peng Sanguo , Peng Lianhong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Liushanyan deposit is an important volcanic‐host massive sulfide (VMS) Cu–Zn deposit in the Qinling‐Tongbai‐Dabie orogenic belt, central China, with reserve of 2.38 Mt Cu and 16.11 Mt Zn. Orebodies occur in the meta‐quartz keratophyre of the Liushanyan formation. In this paper, we present textural features and laser ablation ICP‐MS U–Pb dating results of zircons from the ore‐bearing mylonitized meta‐quartz keratophyre. The hydrothermal zircons are distinct from metamorphic zircons in this rock, showing low cathodoluminescence (CL) response and hydrothermal rims (black in CL images). They have relatively flat light rare earth element patterns and high La content and low (Sm/La)Nand Ce/Ce* values. These features are typical of hydrothermal zircons. The cores of metamorphic zircons yield a weighted mean206Pb/238U age of 900 ± 26 Ma, interpreted as the volcanic and related VMS mineralizing age. Two much younger events are also recorded by zircons in this rock: (i) the Early Silurian amphibolites–greenschist facies metamorphism at 435 ± 26 Ma; and (ii) the growth of hydrothermal zircons atca.241 ± 1 Ma, associated with the ductile shear deformation. The Silurian metamorphic event is probably associated with the arc–continent collision, while the Triassic ductile deformation event formed in the final continent–continent collision setting.
Spatial signatures for geographic feature types: examining gazetteer ontologies using spatial statistics
Authors: Zhu Rui , Hu Yingjie , Janowicz Krzysztof , McKenzie Grant 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDigital gazetteers play a key role in modern information systems and infrastructures. They facilitate (spatial) search, deliver contextual information to recommended systems, enrich textual information with geographical references, and provide stable identifiers to interlink actors, events, and objects by the places they interact with. Hence, it is unsurprising that gazetteers, such as GeoNames, are among the most densely interlinked hubs on the Web of Linked Data. A wide variety of digital gazetteers have been developed over the years to serve different communities and needs. These gazetteers differ in their overall coverage, underlying data sources, provided functionality, and geographic feature type ontologies. Consequently, place types that share a common name may differ substantially between gazetteers, whereas types labeled differently may, in fact, specify the same or similar places. This makes data integration and federated queries challenging, if not impossible. To further complicate the situation, most popular and widely adopted geo‐ontologies are lightweight and thus under‐specific to a degree where their alignment and matching become nothing more than educated guesses. The most promising approach to addressing this problem, and thereby enabling the meaningful integration of gazetteer data across feature types, seems to be a combination of top‐down knowledge representation with bottom‐up data‐driven techniques such as feature engineering and machine learning. In this work, we propose to derive indicative spatial signatures for geographic feature types by using spatial statistics. We discuss how to create such signatures by feature engineering and demonstrate how the signatures can be applied to better understand the differences and commonalities of three major gazetteers, namely DBpedia Places, GeoNames, and TGN.
Motivations for donating and attitudes toward screening policies in US blood donors with viral infection
Authors: Vahidnia Farnaz , Stramer Susan L. , Kessler Debra , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Shaz Beth H. , Leparc German , Krysztof David E. , Dodd Roger Y. , Glynn Simone A. , Custer Brian ,   for the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDDifferences in motivating factors that contribute to the decision to donate blood between infected and uninfected donors may help to identify areas for improving donor education.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAs part of a risk factor study, confirmed‐positive donors (cases) based on serology‐only (human T‐lymphotropic virus [HTLV]) or serology and nucleic acid testing (NAT) or NAT‐only (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B virus [HBV], hepatitis C virus [HCV]), and serology‐unconfirmed, NAT‐negative false‐positive donors (controls) were asked about motivations and opinions toward blood donation. “Test seeking” was inferred if a donor answered “yes” to “I wanted to get my test results” and one of the following: “blood center testing is confidential,” “free,” “more accurate than other test centers,” or “tests will identify problems with my blood.” Cases were compared to controls using descriptive and multivariable analyses.RESULTSWhether a case or control, the most common donation reason was “to help someone in need” (>90% in each group). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, test seeking was not significantly associated with infection status. Test seeking was more common in first‐time, younger males and nonwhite, non‐Hispanic donors. Of donors with HIV, 13% considered selection policies to be unfair, compared with 1, 2, 0.5, and 6% of donors with HBV, HCV, and HTLV and controls, respectively (adjusted odds ratio for HIV cases vs. controls, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.3‐6.7).CONCLUSIONSMost donors give to help those in need, including HIV‐positive donors. Our results establish a baseline from which additional studies can be compared focused on alternate ways to reduce noncompliance and improved messaging to ensure that high‐risk potential donors understand the reasons for blood donor screening policies.
Primary bilateral corneal nerve sheath neoplasm in a dog
Authors: Leis Marina L. , Salpeter M. Elyse , Bauer Bianca S. , Godson Dale L. , Grahn Bruce H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA 15‐year‐old, neutered male, Shih Tzu cross developed progressive corneal stromal thickening and vascularization of the right eye, and 5 months later, of the left eye. Both eyes became blind due to extensive corneal opacification and were enucleated. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse corneal infiltrate of neoplastic mesenchymal cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse cytoplasmic vimentin immunoreactivity and variable cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for S100 in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed desmosomes between contiguous cells, thread‐like cytoplasmic processes coated with basement membrane, extracellular bundles of collagen, and axonal degeneration consistent with features of a nerve sheath neoplasm. This is the first report of primary, bilateral corneal nerve sheath sarcoma in a canine.
Calculation of posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) size and dioptric power for use in pet rabbits undergoing phacoemulsification
Authors: Sanchez Rick F. , Becker Ronald , Dawson Charlotte , Escanilla Natàlia , Lam Richard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo calculate the size and dioptric power of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) to achieve emmetropia in adult rabbits and to compare the dioptric power calculation results using a proprietary predictive formula to a retinoscopy‐based method.Animals studiedThree wild rabbit cadavers, seven pet rabbits with cataracts and ten healthy pet rabbits.Materials and MethodsImplant size was calculated using a capsular tension ring (CTR) (Acrivet®, Berlin, Germany). Published and cadaveric biometric data were used in the predictive formula. AnIOLpower‐escalation study compared the predicted values to the refraction results of one pet rabbit (P1) fitted with a + 41D canineIOL(Acrivet®) and six pet rabbits (P2‐P7) fitted with prototypeIOLs (Acrivet®). Retinoscopy of 10 healthy pet rabbits served as controls.ResultsA 13.5 mmCTRfitted in all rabbits and permitted the use of a 13 mmIOL. The predictedIOLpower ranged between +24D and +25D. The +41DIOLresulted in a refraction error of +8D. Progressive recalculation through a calibration formula led to the insertion of three +49DIOLs in two pet rabbits and a refraction of +6D to +8D, followed by seven +58DIOLs in four pet rabbits and a refraction median of 0D (range: −1.5D to +1D).ConclusionsA 13 mm prototypeIOLof +58D achieves emmetropia and is of adequate size for rabbits. The combined use of aCTRand retinoscopy is a useful method to calculate the size and refractive power of a new, species‐specific, veterinaryIOL.
Lessons from sheep models of transfusion
Authors: Fung Y. L. , Simonova G. , Tung J.‐P. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundAnimal models have been a valuable tool for research into blood products and outcomes of blood transfusions. Small animal models have been applied extensively and large animal models less frequently. This review describes the experience and details the findings from a recent series of in vivo sheep transfusion models.Aims & MethodTo discuss: (i) the benefits of sheep as a large animal transfusion model; and (ii) review conclusions from a series of sheep transfusion models.Results & DiscussionSimilarities in size, anatomy and physiology of sheep compared to humans have supported the use of sheep to model a wide range of human diseases, enabled continuous physiological monitoring using standard human techniques, and the collection of multiple and serial samples.ConclusionThe findings discussed demonstrate that sheep are effective models of the blood donor, donations and of transfusion recipients. Importantly, they also define limitations of ovine models, which need to be considered when designing in vivo sheep models of transfusion.
The problem with hepatitis
Authors: Satake M. 
Published: June 2016

Background and ObjectivesIn the era of NAT, strategies to further eradicate transfusion‐transmitted (TT) HCV and HBV should be clarified. Whether or not to introduce NAT for HEV is a controversial issue.Materials and MethodsRecent voluntary reports of suspected TT‐HCV were thoroughly evaluated for causal relationship with transfusion. Donor infection status of HBV was assessed for TT‐HBV in relation to the change of screening strategy.ResultsEven after the introduction of NAT, reports for suspected TT‐HCV continued, almost all of which were denied for TT‐HCV. Window period‐related TT‐HBV was mitigated only with the introduction of individual donation NAT, but there still remains the risk due to the donation with very low viral load below NAT sensitivity. Occult HBV infection‐related TT‐HBV was prevented by total rejection of HBcAb‐positive blood. HEV‐viremic donation could amount to several hundred a year in Japan.ConclusionThe risk of nosocomial HCV infection seems higher than the residual risk of TT‐HCV infection. Individual donation NAT combined with total rejection of HBcAb‐positive donation is the best policy for the eradication of TT‐HBV. Whether or not to screen for HEV should be determined considering viremic donation frequency, HEV transmissibility through transfusion, disease severity, clinical outcome after chronicity, and cost.
Pathogen reduction technology – is it time?
Authors: Kwon S.‐Y. 
Published: June 2016

With the application of stringent donor selection criteria and screening tests, the risk of the so‐called traditional transfusion‐transmitted infections has dramatically decreased. However, breakthrough cases are still being reported. Known pathogens that are not screened for and emerging pathogens represent a constant threat. Moreover, bacterial contamination remains the major infectious risk in blood transfusion. Pathogen reduction (PR) technology represents a proactive approach to our blood safety paradigm.PRtechnology for platelets and plasma has been approved in Europe for more than 10 years. AlthoughPRefficacy against non‐enveloped viruses and spore forming bacteria is less satisfactory, these technologies show a robustPRcapability for a broad spectrum of pathogens. According to current data, transfusion reactions after transfusion of treated platelets are comparable to that of non‐treated platelets and transfusion of treated platelets does not increase bleeding. SincePRtechnologies target nucleic acids, they inactivate leucocytes, thereby preventing non‐infectious risks like transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease and febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions. Despite the multiple risks averted through pathogen reduction, the cost to implement these technologies remains a major issue. On the other hand, pathogen reduction could be an alternative to bacterial screening and gamma irradiation. Furthermore, cessation of some of the current screening items and modification of some donor exclusion criteria might be possible, especially whenPRtechnology for red blood cells or whole blood becomes available. Therefore, if we consider all correlated efforts involved to make blood transfusion safe, the introduction of thePRtechnology might prove to be beneficial.