bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At konstruere et TV-program
Authors: Poulsen Henrik 
Published: March 2016

I Danmarks Radio har man siden 1982 uddannet TV-produktionsmed-
arbejdere ud fra ét bestemt æstetisk koncept, der i daglig tale kaldes for
TV-SUM. Konceptet er sammensat af teorier of analysemetoder fra vidt
forskellige faglige dicipliner og traditioner i et - ved første øjekast - kon-
sistent og produktionsklart system. Henrik Poulsen har kigget nærmere
på dette system og gennemgår i denne artikel dets vigtigste elementer
med Baadsgaards "søforklaring" som eksempel. I tilknytning hertil vur-
derer han SUM-materialets anvendelighed i medieundervisningen samt
trækker enkelte af de begrebsmæssige urimeligheder frem, som kon-
ceptet - trods sin besnærende logik - indeholder.
Skriftlig radio
Authors: Poulsen Ib 
Published: March 2016

I gamle dage bestod radioprogrammet af musik, interviews og oplæsning,
med talte annonceringer ind imellem. I dag er lyden mere varieret: Vi har
fået reportager,radioteater, montager, telefonprogrammer, løst snakkende
studieværter osv. - Det skrevne ord spiller imidlertid stadigvæk en stor rolle
i bl.a. kulturprogrammer og en massiv hovedrolle i Radioavisen.
Ib Poulsen har i flere år deltaget i forsknings- og udviklingsprojekter, der
skal bidrage til at øge Radioavisens forståelighed. Han sammenfatter her
nogle af sine hovedresultater i form af en række anbefalinger: En slags
kogebog for hvordan man skriver forståelige tekster til oplæsning. Og om
forskellen på det mundtlige og skriftlige sprog. (Se nærmere herom i an-
meldelsen af Wenche Vagles bog: "Radiospråket - talt eller skrevet?").
Samtidig får vi antydet nogle hovedtræk af radioavisens historie.
Fra programflade til kontaktflade. Det "moderniserede" public-service koncept i DR´s TV
Authors: Søndergaard Henrik 
Published: March 2016

Danmarks Radio er en "public service" institution med, hvad dertil hører
af forpligtigelser til alsidighed og mangfoldighed i programudbuddet. Sådan
har det altid været. Loven blev ikke ændret på det punkt, da DR fik konkur-
rence fra TV2. Alligevel har DR de seneste år "moderniseret" sit koncept
for "public service" fjernsyn.
I denne artikel analyserer Henrik Søndergaard ændringerne i DR´s pro-
grampolitik. Blandt andet påpeger han, at en del af ændringerne bort fra en
formynderisk paternalistisk holdning til seerne ikke så meget skyldes kon-
kurrencen fra TV2 som frigørelsen fra staten og det politiske system. Prio-
riteringen af programlægningen og interessen for sendeflader og målgrup-
per er derimod en direkte følge af konkurrencen.
Sidst i artiklen diskuteres konsekvenserne af denne fokusering på pro-
gramkoncepter og målgrupper. Fører bruger-venligheden, hvor alle grup-
per får, hvad de gerne vil have, ikke til et virkelighedstab? Bliver det ikke
"tamt" fjernsyn?
Hvordan gør musikken i Twin Peaks?
Authors: Lønstrup Ansa 
Published: March 2016

Det er almindelig erkendt, at musikken spiller en afgørende rolle for den
totale oplevelse af film og TV. Men det glemmes ofte igen, især i fortolk-
ninger, der focuserer på handlingen og ser bort fra musikken og måske
også den visuelle formidling.
Tendensen til at "glemme" musikken i fortolkningen skyldes især, at den
er svær at beskrive og svær at analysere. Ansa Lønstrups analyse af
musikkens rolle i TV-serien Twin Peaks er en eksemplarisk gennem-
gang af hvorledes musikken skaber betydning. Den er samtidig et bidrag
til forståelsen af netop denne serie, der bl.a. udmærker sig ved, at den
næppe kan begribes uden at musikken bliver en del af oplevelse og tolk-
ning.
Simulation of potential habitat overlap between red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in northeastern China
Authors: Wu Wen , Li Yuehui , Hu Yuanman 
Published: March 2016

Background.Understanding species distribution, especially areas of overlapping habitat between sympatric species, is essential for informing conservation through natural habitat protection. New protection strategies should simultaneously consider conservation efforts for multiple species that exist within the same landscape, which requires studies that include habitat overlap analysis.Methods.We estimated the potential habitat of cervids, which are typical ungulates in northern China, using the present locations of red deer (Cervus elaphus;N= 90) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus;N= 106) in a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. Our study area was a human-dominated landscape in the Tieli Forestry Bureau located at the southern slope of the Lesser Xing’an Mountains. We grouped 17 environmental predictor variables into five predictor classes (terrain, habitat accessibility, land cover, vegetation feature, and interference), which were used to build habitat suitability models.Results.Habitat accessibility and human interferences were found to have the strongest influence on habitat suitability among the five variable classes. Among the environmental factors, distance to farmland (26.8%), distance to bush-grass land (14.6%), elevation (13.5%), and distance to water source (12.2%) were most important for red deer, distance to farmland (22.9%), distance to settlement (21.4%), elevation (11.6%), and coverage of shrub-grass (8%) were most important for roe deer. Model accuracy was high for both species (mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.936 for red deer and 0.924 for roe deer). The overlapping habitat comprised 89.93 km2within the study area, which occupied 94% of potentially suitable habitat for red deer and 27% for roe deer.Conclusions.In terms of habitat suitability, roe deer showed greater selectivity than red deer. The overlapping habitat was mostly located in the eastern mountains. The southwestern plain was not a suitable habitat for deer because it was close to Tieli City. Regarding management measures, we suggest that priority protection should be given to the potential areas of overlapping deer habitats found in this study.
Learning spinal manipulation: A best-evidence synthesis of teaching methods*
Authors: Stainsby Brynne E. , Clarke Michelle C.S. , Egonia Jade R. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different reported methods used to teach spinal manipulative therapy to chiropractic students.
Methods: For this best-evidence literature synthesis, 5 electronic databases were searched from 1900 to 2015. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the criteria of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Scientifically admissible studies were synthesized following best-evidence synthesis principles.
Results: Twenty articles were critically appraised, including 9 randomized clinical trials, 9 cohort studies, and 2 systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Eleven articles were accepted as scientifically admissible. The type of teaching method aids included a Thrust in Motion cervical manikin, instrumented cardiopulmonary reanimation manikin, padded contact with a load cell, instrumented treatment table with force sensor/transducer, and Dynadjust instrument.
Conclusions: Several different methods exist in the literature for teaching spinal manipulative therapy techniques; however, future research in this developing area of chiropractic education is proposed. It is suggested that various teaching methods be included in the regular curricula of chiropractic colleges to aid in developing manipulation skills, efficiency, and knowledge of performance.
Lactated Ringer vs Normal Saline Solution During Sickle Cell Vaso-Occlusive Episodes
Authors: Alwang Augusta K. , Law Anica C. , Klings Elizabeth S. , Cohen Robyn T. , Bosch Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSickle cell disease (SCD), a clinically heterogenous genetic hemoglobinopathy, is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) that can require hospitalization. Patients admitted with VOEs are often initially resuscitated with normal saline (NS) to improve concurrent hypovolemia, despite preclinical evidence that NS may promote erythrocyte sickling. The comparative effectiveness of alternative volume-expanding fluids (eg, lactated Ringer [LR]) for resuscitation during VOEs is unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of LR to NS fluid resuscitation in patients with SCD and VOEs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter cohort study and target trial emulation included inpatient adults with SCD VOEs who received either LR or NS on hospital day 1. The Premier PINC AI database (2016-2022), a multicenter clinical database including approximately 25% of US hospitalizations was used. The analysis took place between October 6, 2023, and June 20, 2024.ExposureReceipt of LR (intervention) or NS (control) on hospital day 1.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was hospital-free days (HFDs) by day 30. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to calculate marginal effect estimates. Heterogeneity of treatment effect was explored in subgroups.ResultsA total of 55 574 patient encounters where LR (n = 3495) or NS (n = 52 079) was administered on hospital day 1 were included; the median (IQR) age was 30 (25-37) years. Patients who received LR had more HFDs compared with those who received NS (marginal mean difference, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6 days). Patients who received LR also had shorter hospital lengths of stay (marginal mean difference, −0.4; 95% CI, −0.7 to −0.1 days) and lower risk of 30-day readmission (marginal risk difference, −5.8%; 95% CI, −9.8% to −1.8%). Differences in HFDs between LR and NS were heterogenous based on fluid volume received: among patients who received less than 2 L, there was no difference in LR vs NS; among those who received 2 or more L, LR was superior to NS.Conclusion and RelevanceThis cohort study found that, compared with NS, LR had a small but significant improvement in HFDs and secondary outcomes including 30-day readmission. These results suggest that, among patients with VOEs in whom clinicians plan to give volume resuscitation fluids on hospital admission, LR should be preferred over NS.
Early Newborn Metabolic Patterning and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Oltman Scott P. , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Baer Rebecca J. , Amsalu Ribka , Bandoli Gretchen , Chambers Christina D. , Cho Hyunkeun , Dagle John M. , Karvonen Kayla L. , Kingsmore Stephen F. , McKenzie-Sampson Safyer , Momany Allison , Ontiveros Eric , Protopsaltis Liana D. , Rand Larry , Kobayashi Erica Sanford , Steurer Martina A. , Ryckman Kelli K. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a major cause of infant death in the US. Previous research suggests that inborn errors of metabolism may contribute to SIDS, yet the relationship between SIDS and biomarkers of metabolism remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate and model the association between routinely measured newborn metabolic markers and SIDS in combination with established risk factors for SIDS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a case-control study nested within a retrospective cohort using data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and the California Department of Public Health. The study population included infants born in California between 2005 and 2011 with full metabolic data collected as part of routine newborn screening (NBS). SIDS cases were matched to controls at a ratio of 1:4 by gestational age and birth weight z score. Matched data were split into training (2/3) and testing (1/3) subsets. Data were analyzed from January 2005 to December 2011.ExposuresMetabolites measured by NBS and established risk factors for SIDS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was SIDS. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between metabolic markers combined with known risk factors and SIDS.ResultsOf 2 276 578 eligible infants, 354 SIDS (0.016%) cases (mean [SD] gestational age, 38.3 [2.3] weeks; 220 male [62.1%]) and 1416 controls (mean [SD] gestational age, 38.3 [2.3] weeks; 723 male [51.1%]) were identified. In multivariable analysis, 14 NBS metabolites were significantly associated with SIDS in a univariate analysis: 17-hydroxyprogesterone, alanine, methionine, proline, tyrosine, valine, free carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, malonyl carnitine, glutarylcarnitine, lauroyl-L-carnitine, dodecenoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxytetradecanoylcarnitine, and linoleoylcarnitine. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for a 14-marker SIDS model, which included 8 metabolites, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72-0.79) in the training set and was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65-0.76) in the test set. Of 32 infants in the test set with model-predicted probability greater than 0.5, a total of 20 (62.5%) had SIDS. These infants had 14.4 times the odds (95% CI, 6.0-34.5) of having SIDS compared with those with a model-predicted probability less than 0.1.Conclusions and RelevanceResults from this case-control study showed an association between aberrant metabolic analytes at birth and SIDS. These findings suggest that we may be able to identify infants at increased risk for SIDS soon after birth, which could inform further mechanistic research and clinical efforts focused on monitoring and prevention.
Tumor and α‐SMA‐expressing stromal cells in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have a distinct RNA profile depending on tumor grade
Authors: Niedra Helvijs , Peculis Raitis , Saksis Rihards , Mandrika Ilona , Vilisova Sofija , Nazarovs Jurijs , Breiksa Austra , Gerina Aija , Earl Julie , Ruz‐Caracuel Ignacio , Rosas Marta Gabriela , Pukitis Aldis , Senterjakova Natalja , Rovite Vita 
Published: September 2024

Alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression in the stroma is linked to the presence of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and is known to correlate with worse outcomes in various tumors. In this study, using a GeoMx digital spatial profiling approach, we characterized the gene expression of the tumor and α‐SMA‐expressing stromal cell compartments in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). The profiling was performed on tissues from eight retrospective cases (three grade 1, four grade 2, and one grade 3). Selected regions of interest were segmented geometrically based on tissue morphology and fluorescent signals from synaptophysin and α‐SMA markers. The α‐SMA‐expressing stromal‐cell‐associated genes were involved in pathways of extracellular matrix modification, whereas, in tumor cells, the gene expression profiles were associated with pathways involved in cell proliferation. The comparison of gene expression profiles across all three PanNET grades revealed that the differences between grades are not only present at the level of the tumor but also in the α‐SMA‐expressing stromal cells. Furthermore, the tumor cells from regions with a rich presence of adjacent α‐SMA‐expressing stromal cells revealed an upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9) expression in grade 3 tumors. This study provides an in‐depth characterization of gene expression profiles in α‐SMA‐expressing stromal and tumor cells, and outlines potential crosstalk mechanisms.
Robust Solid–Solid Phase Change Coating Encapsulated Glass Fiber Fabric with Electromagnetic Interference Shielding for Thermal Management and Message Encryption
Authors: Liang Chaobo , Huo Qiangqiang , Qi Jiamin , Zhang Yali , Liu Chunlei , Liu Yaqing , Gu Junwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites with both thermal response/management functions and message transfer/encryption behavior are ideal for use in fields such as aerospace, construction engineering, and military equipment. In this work, a self‐cross‐linking supramolecular solid–solid phase change polyethylene glycol (ScPEG) coating is prepared based on multiple hydrogen bonds, which is used for encapsulating glass fiber fabric (GFF) modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs). The solid–solid phase change coating is obtained through the hydrolysis‐condensation of PEG with a reactive silanol end group. Polyethylene glycol molecular chains can store and release heat by switching between the crystalline and amorphous state. The silanol groups can form supramolecular networks through the physical cross‐linking of multiple hydrogen bonds, resulting in an excellent thermal stability. In particular, hydrogen bonds between ScPEG and AgNW‐modified GFF (A‐GFF) enhance interfacial interactions, and the resulting robust structure enables an efficient stress transfer. ScPEG‐coated A‐GFF can achieve a tensile strength of up to 191 MPa and a tunable EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 40 to 72 dB depending on the number of fabric layers. Moreover, the fabric exhibits a flexible thermal response characteristic, an outstanding thermal management capability, and potential message encryption behavior.
MXene/Zwitterionic Hydrogel Oriented Anti‐freezing and High‐Performance Zinc–Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Li Ruonan , Jia Wenhan , Wen Jianfeng , Hu Guanghui , Tang Tao , Li Xinyu , Jiang Li , Li Ming , Huang Haifu , Fang Guozhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the wide application of portable electronic devices, zinc–ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs) have aroused great interest. However, balancing the low‐temperature performance and high energy density of ZIHCs remains a huge challenge. Herein, a zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte (ZHE) loaded with carboxymethylcellulose and MXene is designed for ZIHCs, which shows excellent frost resistance and high output voltage. Carboxymethylcellulose and MXene enhance the flexibility and conductivity of the zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte. Moreover, When ZnCl2 is introduced into a gel electrolyte, it induces an increase in the rate of ion transport, which enables a broadening of the operating temperature of the hydrogel (−40 °C–25 °C). As a result, Zn//AC ZIHCs based on ZHE show a high voltage window of 2 V, a high energy density (specific capacity) of 137 Wh kg−1 (247 F g−1), and the potential for wearable devices. This study will provide an effective strategy for the design of hydrogel ZIHCs with wide voltage windows, high energy density, and high practicality.
Anions‐Trappable Hollow Mesoporous Nanoparticle Coating Enables High‐Performance and Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gao You , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Wu Gang , Wang Xiu‐Li , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolyolefin separators, such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) separators, are the commonly used separators for lithium batteries, which have good mechanical properties and chemical/electrochemical stability, but their high‐temperature dimensional stability is poor and Li+ transference number (t Li+) is low. Recently, much attention has been paid to developing separators with new substrates, but so far there is no separator to replace the polyolefin separator for large‐scale application. Therefore, the surface modification of the polyolefin separator to enhance its functionality is a simple and effective method. Among many modified layers, the porous modified layer can store the electrolyte and provide enough space for ion transport. In this work, a hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere (mSiO2) is prepared for the PP separator multifunctional coating to improve the electrochemical performance and high‐temperature safety of the PP separator. The experimental and theoretical results show that the mSiO2 coating can not only improve the electrolyte wettability and high‐temperature dimensional stability of the PP separator, but also promote the Li+ transport, so that the mSiO2/PP separator exhibits high ionic conductivity (2.35 mS cm−1) and high t Li+ (0.63). As a result, Li//LiFePO4 cells using mSiO2/PP separators exhibit excellent cycling performance, rate performance, and high‐temperature safety.
Evaporation‐Induced Composition Evolution in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wang Lu , Guo Zixu , Peng Guochen , Wu Shiwei , Zhang Yanming , Yan Wentao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn fusion‐based metal additive manufacturing (MAM), the high‐intensity energy input leads to serious evaporation, but how evaporation induces composition evolution and variation and further impacts microstructure and mechanical properties remain a knowledge gap. Here a model integrating composition evolution with molten pool dynamics is developed to reproduce temperature‐ and composition‐dependent evaporative losses and subsequent transport during laser melting. Together with comprehensive experimental characterizations and tests, the simulation results illustrate varying evaporation rates of different elements altering compositions, resulting in a 3D cirrus‐shaped concentration distribution, which significantly impacts the mechanical properties. The simulations reproduce the detailed composition evolution from surface evaporation to molten pool transport and reveal underlying mechanisms relating the composition, temperature, fluid flow, and cracking, which is challenging to observe experimentally. This study elucidates the critical role of evaporation‐induced composition evolution in determining microstructure and mechanical properties. In future alloy design for MAM, integrating initial composition and manufacturing parameters is imperative, where composition evolution simulation offers valuable guidance.
Optimizing MOF‐Derived Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers through Gradient Pore Regulation for Pareto Improvement
Authors: Liu Guang , Zhu Panbin , Teng Ji , Xi Runyi , Wang Xiaoguang , Wang Xinhua , Yan Mi , Wu Chen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorous materials emerging as potential high‐efficiency electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers confront a critical trade‐off between impedance matching and attenuation capability. In this study, a versatile strategy is reported to overcome this challenge by constructing gradient pores via solvent‐assisted linker exchange for the fabrication of metal‐organic framework (MOF) derived Fe/Fe3Co7/Co/C composites with high porosity. The impedance and attenuation characteristics of single‐pored and gradient‐pored derivatives are investigated through combined experimental and simulation approaches. Simulated space EM field, loss density, and Smith charts reveal significantly enhanced EM interactions and optimized impedance within the pores. Compared to individual MOF derivatives, the gradient derivative exhibits improved impedance matching from the large‐pored shell and superior attenuation capability from the small‐pored core, giving rise to a Pareto improvement in EM absorption with strong reflection loss (−64.7 dB) and wide effective adsorption bandwidth (5.8 GHz) at a thickness of 2.5 mm. This work not only advances a novel gradient pore strategy for constructing efficient absorbers with enhanced impedance matching and attenuation capability, but also sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of EM interaction with varied porosity, offering insights for extended designs in magnetic, electric and optic devices.