bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pit initiation on nitinol in simulated physiological solutions
Authors: Pound Bruce G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInclusions appear to play a crucial role in the initiation of pitting on nitinol, but the reason remains unclear. Furthermore, it has not been established whether the type of inclusion is a central factor. In this study, potentiodynamic polarization together with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to provide more insight into the initiation of pits on electropolished nitinol wire. Corrosion was limited to a single primary pit on each of the few wire samples that exhibited breakdown. The pit contained numerous Ti2NiOx inclusions, but secondary pits that developed within the primary pit provided evidence that these inclusions were the sites of pit initiation. Although several theories have been proposed to account for pit initiation at inclusions in mechanically polished and electropolished nitinol, titanium depletion in the adjacent alloy matrix appears to provide the most viable explanation. The key factor appears to be the size of the inclusion and therefore the extent of titanium depletion in the alloy matrix. The type of inclusion evidently plays a secondary role at most. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1605–1610, 2018.
Hip Fracture, Comorbidity, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study, 1995–2015
Authors: Pedersen Alma B , Ehrenstein Vera , Szépligeti Szimonetta K , Sørensen Henrik T 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

We evaluated risks of MI and stroke in elderly patients with hip fracture compared with the general population. We also examined the interaction between hip fracture and comorbidity with respect to risks of MI or stroke, defined as excess of risk explained by combining risks of hip fracture and comorbidity. We conducted a population-based cohort study using Danish health registries, in 1995 to 2015 including 110,563 hip fracture patients and 552,774 members of the comparison cohort from the general population. Thirty-day cumulative incidences of MI were 1.15% among patients with hip fracture and 0.09% in the general population (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 12.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.56 to 14.55). Thirty-day cumulative incidences of stroke were 2.16% for hip fracture patients and 0.21% in the general population (aHR = 9.42; 95% CI, 8.71 to 10.19). During the 31 to 365 days following hip fracture, the aHR for MI was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.14) and remained at this level during the remainder of follow-up (maximum of 20 years). The aHR for stroke was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22 to 1.35) during the 31 to 365 days following hip fracture, remained elevated for up to 10 years, and then decreased to the general population level. The aHRs for MI and stroke were increased for both men and women, and in all age and comorbidity groups. During the first 30 days, up to 76% of MI and stroke risk was attributable to interaction between hip fracture and comorbidity. Patients with hip fracture are at increased risk of both MI and stroke up to 1 year following the fracture. Risk of stroke, but not of MI, was elevated during up to 10 years postfracture. Although the absolute risks were low, our finding underscores the importance of targeting multimorbidity, including prevention and adequate treatment, to improve the prognosis of hip fracture patients. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interfacial‐Active Polymer Nanoparticles, Their Assemblies, and SERS Application
Authors: Visaveliya Nikunjkumar R. , Li Xiang , Knauer Andrea , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V. , Köhler Johann Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, surface‐active polymer nanoparticles as well as polymer–polymer and polymer–metal nanoassembly particles are synthesized, and different parameters such as their size, morphologies, and assembling strength are studied. Nanoassembly particles are attractive because of the coupled properties with a large surface to volume ratio. A key challenge is to produce the core–shell polymer nanoparticles via single‐step processes. To address this concern, here, microfluidics approach and precise interfacial reaction strategies are used, and hence different types of surface layered polymer nanoparticles are obtained in one‐step processes. An inner core material is hydrophobic, whereas a hydrophilic surface layer (in situ formed during the polymerization process) swells in the aqueous environment. Moreover, three different reaction setups (batch, flow, and in situ) are applied in order to architect the nanoassembling hierarchical structures via layer‐by‐layer strategy. On the other side, polymer–metal nanoassembly particles as well as metal catalyzed metal deposited four layered nanoassembly particles of tuned size and compositions are produced. It is shown that these particles can be used as nanosensor particles for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
A fresh approach to the Paley–Wiener theorem for Mellin transforms and the Mellin–Hardy spaces
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Butzer Paul L. , Mantellini Ilaria , Schmeisser Gerhard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHere we give a new approach to the Paley–Wiener theorem in a Mellin analysis setting which avoids the use of the Riemann surface of the logarithm and analytical branches and is based on new concepts ofpolar‐analytic functionin the Mellin setting and Mellin–Bernstein spaces. A notion of Hardy spaces in the Mellin setting is also given along with applications to exponential sampling formulas of optical physics.
2D Sequence‐Coded Oligourethane Barcodes for Plastic Materials Labeling
Authors: Karamessini Denise , Poyer Salomé , Charles Laurence , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMixtures of uniform sequence‐defined oligourethanes are evaluated as 2D molecular barcodes for labeling three different commodity polymers, namely polystyrene, polyvinylchloride and polyethylene terephthalate. Six different oligourethanes are synthesized by solid‐phase iterative synthesis and are coded using a binary monomer alphabet. High‐resolution mass spectrometry studies indicate that all oligomers are uniform and sequence‐defined. However, instead of using them as individual coded chains, oligomers with different chain‐length, mass and sequence are mixed into intentionally polydispersed libraries. In particular, a three‐component library and a four‐component library are created to encode a 2‐bytes model binary sequence. These 2D‐coded libraries are incorporated in all commodity plastics via a simple solvent casting procedure. Furthermore, in all cases, the oligomer mixtures can be extracted from the host polymer films and deciphered by mass spectrometry, thus opening interesting avenues for anti‐counterfeiting and traceability applications.
Axial or Helical? Considerations for wide collimation CT scanners capable of volumetric imaging in both modes
Authors: Lambert Jack W. , Phillips Elizabeth D. , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier E. , Nardo Lorenzo , Facchetti Luca , Gould Robert G. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo determine whether axial or helical mode is more appropriate for a 16 cm collimation CT scanner capable of step‐and‐shoot volumetric axial coverage, in terms of radiation dose, image quality, and scan duration.MethodsAll scans were performed with a Revolution CT (GE Healthcare) operating at 120 kV and 100 mAs. Using calibrated optically stimulated luminescence detectors, radiation dose along the axial scan profile was evaluated at the isocenter, including the overlap region between two axial sections. This overlap region measures 3 cm in the z‐axis at the isocenter and is required to obtain sufficient projection data from the relatively large cone‐beam angles. Using an image quality phantom (Gammex Model 464), spatial resolution, CT number uniformity, image noise, and low contrast detectability (LCD) were evaluated under five different conditions: in the middle of a helical acquisition, in the middle of a 16 cm axial section, at both ends of an axial section and in the overlap region between two axial sections. Scan durations and dose length products (DLP) were recorded for prescribed scan lengths of 2.5–100 cm.ResultsThe overlap region between two axial sections received a dose 83% higher than the single‐exposure region at the isocenter. Within a single axial section, the dose at the anode end was 37% less than at the cathode end due to the anode heel effect. Image noise ranged from a low of 13 HU for the cathode end of an axial section up to 14.7 HU for the anode end (P < 0.001). The LCD was at lower at the anode end of the axial section compared to both the cathode end (P < 0.05) and the overlap location (P < 0.02). The spatial resolution and CT number uniformity were consistent among all conditions. Scan durations were shorter (0.28 s) for the axial mode compared to the helical mode at scan lengths ≤ 16 cm, and longer at scan lengths ≥ 16 cm where more than one table position was required, up to a difference of 13.9 s for a the 100 cm scan length (3.8 s for helical compared to 17.6 s for axial). DLPs were consistent between scan modes; slightly lower in axial mode at shorter scan lengths due to helical overranging, and slightly higher in axial mode at longer scan lengths due to the axial overlap regions.ConclusionsTo ensure the most consistent radiation dose and image quality along the scan length, we recommend helical mode for scans longer than the 16 cm coverage of a single axial section. For scan lengths ≤ 16 cm, axial scanning is the most practical option, with a shorter scan duration and higher dose efficiency.
Climatology of heavy precipitation over Corsica in the period 1985–2015
Authors: Scheffknecht P. , Richard E. , Lambert D. 
Published: August 2017

The island of Corsica in the western Mediterranean is frequently struck by devastating heavy precipitation events (HPEs), which endanger property and lives alike. In the framework of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) project, multiple HPEs from 2012 were observed and studied, and to provide context, a climatology for HPEs based on 31 years (1985–2015) of surface observations was derived, based on 173 events. HPEs (>100 mm day−1) strike the island around 5–6 times a year and show a distinct seasonal cycle. They occur predominantly during autumn, with more than half of the HPEs occurring from September to December and almost 20% in October, the most active month. The eastern half of the island is most affected by HPEs. Composite fields for all events show a cyclone over the western Mediterranean west of Corsica, and warm and moist low‐level air upstream of the orography, predominantly over the Tyrrhenian Sea southeast of the island.The events are classified using their synoptic and mesoscale environment obtained from ERA‐Interim data. Using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and a principal component (PC) analysis together with the k‐means clustering algorithm, three clusters of events are identified. Each has a different seasonal cycle, dominant wind direction, and precipitation distribution. Warm southeasterly events occur predominantly in autumn, produce the most extreme events and affect the coasts and slopes of eastern Corsica alike. Cool southeasterly events occur predominantly in winter and affect mostly the slopes along the east side of the orography. Southwesterly events are more often associated with large‐scale Atlantic cyclones and occur throughout almost the entire year, with the highest precipitation over the mountains.
A dynamic likelihood approach to filtering
Authors: Restrepo J. M. 
Published: August 2017

A Bayesian data assimilation scheme is formulated for advection‐dominated or hyperbolic evolutionary problems, and observations. It uses the physics to dynamically update the likelihood in order to extend the impact of the likelihood on the posterior, a strategy that would be particularly useful when the observation network is sparse in space and time and the associated measurement uncertainties are low.The filter is applied to a problem with linear dynamics and Gaussian statistics, and compared to the exact estimate, a model outcome, and the Kalman filter estimate. By comparing to the exact estimate the dynamic likelihood filter is shown to be superior to model outcomes and to the Kalman estimate, when the observation system is sparse. The added computational expense of the method is linear in the number of observations and thus computationally efficient, suggesting that the method is practical even if the space dimensions of the physical problem are large.
A study of entangled systems in the many‐body signed particle formulation of quantum mechanics
Authors: Sellier Jean Michel , Kapanova Kristina G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently a new formulation of quantum mechanics has been introduced, based on signed classical field‐less particles interacting with an external field by means of only creation and annihilation events. In this article, we extend this novel theory to the case of many‐body problems. We show that, when restricted to spatial finite domains and discrete momentum space, the proposed extended theory is equivalent to the time‐dependent many‐body Wigner Monte Carlo method. In this new picture, the treatment of entangled systems comes naturally and, therefore, we apply it to the study of quantum entangled systems. The latter is represented in terms of two Gaussian wave packets moving in opposite directions. We introduce the presence of a dissipative background and show how the entanglement is affected by different (controlled) configurations.
Ordered Arrangement and Optical Properties of Silica‐Stabilized Gold Nanoparticle–PNIPAM Core–Satellite Clusters for Sensitive Raman Detection
Authors: Herrmann Janning F. , Kretschmer Florian , Hoeppener Stephanie , Höppener Christiane , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGold–polymer hybrid nanoparticles attract wide interest as building blocks for the engineering of photonic materials and plasmonic (active) metamaterials with unique optical properties. In particular, the coupling of the localized surface plasmon resonances of individual metal nanostructures in the presence of nanometric gaps can generate highly enhanced and confined electromagnetic fields, which are frequently exploited for metal‐enhanced light–matter interactions. The optical properties of plasmonic structures can be tuned over a wide range of properties by means of their geometry and the size of the inserted nanoparticles as well as by the degree of order upon assembly into 1D, 2D, or 3D structures. Here, the synthesis of silica‐stabilized gold–poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (SiO2‐Au‐PNIPAM) core–satellite superclusters with a narrow size distribution and their incorporation into ordered self‐organized 3D assemblies are reported. Significant alterations of the plasmon resonance are found for different assembled structures as well as strongly enhanced Raman signatures are observed. In a series of experiments, the origin of the highly enhanced signals can be assigned to the interlock areas of adjacent SiO2‐Au‐PNIPAM core–satellite clusters and their application for highly sensitive nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated.
Novel Magnetic‐Luminescent Janus Nanoparticles for Cell Labeling and Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wu Qiang , Lin Yining , Wo Fangjie , Yuan Yufeng , Ouyang Qingling , Song Jun , Qu Junle , Yong Ken‐Tye 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMagnetic‐luminescent nanocomposites have multiple uses including multimodal imaging, magnetic targeted drug delivery, and cancer imaging‐guided therapies. In this work, dumbbell‐like MnFe2O4–NaYF4 Janus nanoparticles are synthesized via a two‐step thermolysis approach. These synthesized nanoparticles exhibit stability in aqueous solutions and very low cytotoxicity after poly(acryl amide) modification. High cellular uptake efficiency is observed for the folic acid‐conjugated MnFe2O4–NaYF4 in human esophagus carcinoma cells (Eca‐109) due to the upconversion luminescence properties as well as the folate targeting potential. The MnFe2O4–NaYF4 also strongly absorbs light in the near‐infrared range and rapidly converts to heat energy. It is demonstrated that Eca‐109 cells incubated with MnFe2O4–NaYF4 are killed with high efficiency after 808 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, the growth of tumors in mice (grown from Eca‐109 cells) is highly inhibited by the photothermal effects of MnFe2O4–NaYF4 efficiently. Histological analysis reveals no pathological change and inflammatory response in heart, liver, spleen, lung, or kidney. The low toxicity, excellent luminescence, and highly efficient photothermal therapy properties of MnFe2O4–NaYF4 Janus nanoparticles illustrated in this work support their vast potential for nanomedicine and cancer therapy.
Electric‐Field‐Tunable Conductivity in Graphene/Water and Graphene/Ice Systems
Authors: Zhai Peng , Wang Yuechen , Liu Chang , Wang Xun , Feng Shien‐Ping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates that the application of an external electrical potential to a phenyl‐sulfonic functionalized graphene (SG)/water suspension distinctly enhances its electrical conductivity via the structural transition from isolated clusters to a 3D SG network. Microstructural and alternating current impedance spectroscopy studies indicate that the surface charge plays an important role in the state of dispersion and connectivity of the SG in the suspension due to the potential‐dependent interactions with functional groups on the SG surface in the presence of an external electrical potential. In addition, the conductive SG/ice can be produced via liquid–solid phase transition of the SG/water suspension in the presence of an external electrical potential, which shows a one‐order magnitude improvement in electrical conductivity compared with pure ice. The electric‐field‐tunable property advances the understanding of nanofluid systems and has many potential applications.
Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Mn‐Substituted MoS2 Nanosheets Achieved by Supercritical Hydrothermal Reaction
Authors: Tan Hao , Hu Wei , Wang Chao , Ma Chao , Duan Hengli , Yan Wensheng , Cai Liang , Guo Peng , Sun Zhihu , Liu Qinghua , Zheng Xusheng , Hu Fengchun , Wei Shiqiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDoping atomically thick nanosheets is a great challenge due to the self‐purification effect that drives the precipitation of dopants. Here, a breakthrough is made to dope Mn atoms substitutionally into MoS2 nanosheets in a sulfur‐rich supercritical hydrothermal reaction environment, where the formation energy of Mn substituting for Mo sites in MoS2 is significantly reduced to overcome the self‐purification effect. The substitutional Mn doping is convincingly evidenced by high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy characterizations. The Mn‐doped MoS2 nanosheets show robust intrinsic ferromagnetic response with a saturation magnetic moment of 0.05 µB Mn−1 at room temperature. The intrinsic ferromagnetism is further confirmed by the reversibility of the magnetic behavior during the cycle of incorporating/removing Li codopants, showing the critical role of Mn 3d electronic states in mediating the magnetic interactions in MoS2 nanosheets.
Hydrogen Polysulfide Biosignal‐Responsive Polymersomes as a Nanoplatform for Distinguishing Intracellular Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS)
Authors: Zhang Jian , Hao Xiang , Sang Wei , Yan Qiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReactive sulfur species (RSS) are a family of crucial biosignals for regulating cell processes. Among these, hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n ≥ 2) is a hallmark of tumor suppressor activation and regarded as the actual regulator to mediate sulfur‐related biology. However, high effective recognition of intracellular H2Sn is insurmountable due to its extremely low concentration and the disturbance of RSS analogues. Here an H2Sn‐responsive macromolecule that can distinguish H2Sn from intracellular RSS through polymer degradation in ultrasensitive and highly selective manner is reported. This kind of polymers can further self‐assemble into vesicular nanostructure. Upon cell uptake, they can be function as “all‐in‐one” H2Sn‐nanoplatforms, in order to fulfill multiple ambitious tasks including monitoring the H2Sn biosynthetic pathways, unraveling the puzzles of H2Sn‐mediated cellular events, and conducting H2Sn pathological milieu‐specific drug delivery.
Transparent and Flexible Supercapacitors with Networked Electrodes
Authors: Kiruthika S. , Sow Chaitali , Kulkarni G. U. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTransparent and flexible energy storage devices have received immense attention due to their suitability for innovative electronics and displays. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate devices with high storage capacity and high degree of transmittance. This study describes a simple process for fabrication of supercapacitors with ≈75% of visible transparency and areal capacitance of ≈3 mF cm−2 with high stability tested over 5000 cycles of charging and discharging. The electrodes consist of Au wire networks obtained by a simple crackle template method which are coated with MnO2 nanostructures by electrodeposition process. Importantly, the membrane separator itself is employed as substrate to bring in the desired transparency and light weight while additionally exploiting its porous nature in enhancing the interaction of electrolyte with the active material from both sides of the substrate, thereby enhancing the storage capacity. The method opens up new ways for fabricating transparent devices.
Plasmonic‐Based Mechanochromic Microcapsules as Strain Sensors
Authors: Burel Céline. A. S. , Alsayed Ahmed , Malassis Ludivine , Murray Christopher B. , Donnio Bertrand , Dreyfus Rémi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficiently detecting mechanical deformations within materials is critical in a wide range of devices, from micro‐electromechanical systems to larger structures in the aerospace industry. This communication reports the fabrication of new mechanochromic micrometer‐size capsules enabling the detection of strains. These microcapsules are synthesized using an emulsification approach. They are made of densely packed gold nanoparticles embedded in a spherical silica crust. Billions of these composite spherical microcapsules are fabricated in a single batch. Each microcapsule is an opto‐mechanosensor by itself, and can easily be recovered and incorporated into polymer films. When the films are stretched, the microcapsules are deformed into elongated ellipsoidal shapes and the distance between the Au NPs embedded in their shells concomitantly increases. As the extinction of Au NPs depends on the separation between the Au NPs, microcapsules exhibit different colors when they are elongated. These novel sensitive microcapsules can be used to detect and measure strain in polymer films by outputting color information.