bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioseparation with liquid membranes
Authors: Gössi Angelo , Riedl Wolfgang , Schuur Boelo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChiral resolution of racemic products is a challenging and important task in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, flavor, polymer and fragrances industries. One of the options for these challenging separations is to use liquid membranes. Although liquid membranes have been known for almost four decades and have been used for optical resolutions, no comprehensive review has been published about the use of this technology for enantioseparations. In this review, the various liquid membrane‐related technologies are described and compared, including bulk liquid membranes, emulsion liquid membranes, micelle‐extraction and micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, as well as supported liquid membranes. Next to technological advances, an overview of recent developments in chiral recognition chemistry in liquid–liquid equilibria is presented. The following extractant classes have recently been reported in conjunction with chiral separation: cyclodextrines, BINOL's, calixarenes, crown ethers, BINAP's, tartaric acids and ionic liquids. The use of two supported (non‐liquid) membranes with an inner loop of extract phase appears to be the most stable liquid membrane configuration, allowing for a large degree of freedom in operational conditions such as solvent to feed ratio. The library of solvents still needs broadening to make the technology more versatile and based on the variety of successes with catalytically active organometallic complexes, development of new chiral selector systems based on asymmetric catalysis literature is suggested for future selector screening studies. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of graphene oxide/metal–organic frameworks hybrid materials for enhanced removal of Methylene blue in acidic and alkaline solutions
Authors: Zhao Shuaiqi , Chen Ding , Wei Fuhua , Chen Nini , Liang Zhao , Luo Yun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDye wastewater is causing a serious problem to the environment and to human health. A considerable amount of colored wastewater is generated from many industries. Moreover, many dyes in the wastewater are believed to be toxic and even carcinogenic. Therefore, the removal of dyes from wastewater is necessary and urgent.RESULTSThe adsorption kinetics, isotherms and intra‐particle diffusion model were determined from experimental data, and the results indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm matched well the adsorption of MB onto GO/MOFs. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption of MB by GO/MOFs was spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption capacity was greatly improved in acidic or alkaline aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of GO/MOFs reached 274 mg g‐1, higher than most previously reported adsorbents. Also, the adsorbent could be used at least five times after washing with ethanol.CONCLUSIONA microwave‐assisted ball milling method was used successfully to synthesize Ni‐MOFs and GO/MOFs. Because of electrostatic interaction and acid–base interaction, both acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions were found to favor the adsorption of MB by GO/MOFs, this being different from previous reports. GO/MOFs also showed acceptable reusability after being regenerated by ethanol. All the results suggest that MOFs prepared by microwave‐assisted ball milling give the prospect of removal of MB from aqueous solution. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphostructural and immunohistochemical study on the role of metallothionein in the detoxification of heavy metals in Apis mellifera L., 1758
Authors: Salvaggio Antonio , Pecoraro Roberta , Scalisi Elena Maria , Tibullo Daniele , Lombardo Bianca Maria , Messina Giuseppina , Loreto Francesco , Copat Chiara , Ferrante Margherita , Avola Roberto , D'amante Giusi , Genovese Claudia , Raccuia Salvatore Antonino , Brundo Maria Violetta 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHoney is a valuable food produced by bees from sugary substances that they gather in nature. The transformation the nectar into honey, by bees, is long and complex. Except for honey, where heavy metals are absent or are found only in traces, the bees and their products have always been considered excellent biomarkers of such contaminants. We have assumed that the absence of heavy metals in honey is due to the presence of a detoxification system in the digestive system of bees, which involves metallothioneins, proteins that have a role in the homeostatic control of essential and non‐essential metals. We have placed the beehives in three different zones: industrial, urban and rural. Investigations were carried out with ICP‐MS method for the detection of heavy metals in the guts of honey bees and honey. The metallothioneins have been identified by Immunohistochemical and Western‐blotting analisys. The investigations have shown the presence of heavy metals only in bees guts but not in honey, while the presence of metallothionein has been highlighted only in epithelium of the honey sac, demonstrating the existence of an efficient system of detoxification of heavy metals.
How Poverty Shapes Caring for a Disabled Child: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: van der Mark Elise J. , Conradie Ina , Dedding Christine W.M. , Broerse Jacqueline E.W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite ample research on the relationship between disability and poverty, the experiences of parents of disabled children are herein generally overlooked. We argue that an understanding of how poverty shapes caring for a disabled child is crucial for disability inclusive development. Therefore, this paper narratively reviews literature on carers of disabled children from various contexts published between 1995 and 2015. It uncovers a significant knowledge gap on the impact of poverty despite slowly emerging evidence on how political, cultural and socioeconomic exclusion stifles parents to enhance their families' wellbeing and possibly reap the benefits of development policies. Implications for future research are addressed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between past and future extreme precipitations simulated by global and regional climate models over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Xiao Linhong , Chen Deliang , Xu Jianwei , Zhang Hongwen 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPast studies on regional climate change over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have mainly looked at changes in the mean climate. This study focuses on past and future extreme precipitations, simulated by global and regional climate models over the TP. To assess the influence of large‐scale forcing on dynamic downscaling using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, downscaling results for the historical period (1980–2005) with ERA‐Interim reanalysis and CCSM4 as forcings are evaluated against a gridded observational data set. These are inter‐compared before future projections for the period 2005–2100 under two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The followings are obtained: (1) the reanalysis greatly overestimates not only the mean, but also extreme precipitation. The overestimation in CCSM4 is even larger than that of the reanalysis. (2) The two downscalings outperform their forcings, reflected by reduced overestimation for extreme precipitation frequency, increased spatial pattern correlations and more accurate linear trends, especially for the downscaling driven by CCSM. This demonstrates the constraining power of the fine‐scale modelling and the importance of more realistic representations of surface forcing and related processes in the TP. (3) CCSM4 projects a general wetting across the whole TP with increases of heavy precipitation as well as the wetting intensification with warming. WRF also projects an overall wetting, but the wetting is less sensitive to the warming and there is more of an increase in light precipitation frequency. More importantly, a diverse pattern with wetting in the north and drying in the south is found in the dynamical downscaling in contrast to the uniform wetting in its forcing.
Correlation between RUST assessments of fracture healing to structural and biomechanical properties
Authors: Cooke Margaret E. , Hussein Amira I. , Lybrand Kyle E. , Wulff Alexander , Simmons Erin , Choi Jeffrey H. , Litrenta Jody , Ricci William M. , Nascone Jason W. , O'Toole Robert V. , Morgan Elise F. , Gerstenfeld Louis C. , Tornetta Paul 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTRadiographic Union Score for Tibia (RUST) and modified RUST (mRUST) are radiographic tools for quantitatively evaluating fracture healing using a cortical scoring system. This tool has high intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs); however, little evidence has evaluated the scores against the physical properties of bone healing. Closed, stabilized fractures were made in the femora of C3H/HeJ male mice (8–12 week‐old) of two dietary groups: A control and a phosphate restricted diet group. Micro‐computed tomography (µCT) and torsion testing were carried out at post‐operative days (POD) 14, 21, 35, and 42 (n = 10–16) per group time‐point. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographic views were constructed from the µCT scans and scored by five raters. The raters also indicated if the fracture were healed. ICCs were 0.71 (mRUST) and 0.63 (RUST). Both RUST scores were positively correlated with callus bone mineral density (BMD) (r = 0.85 and 0.80, p < 0.001) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (r = 0.86 and 0.80, p < 0.001). Both RUST scores positively correlated with callus strength (r = 0.35 and 0.26, p < 0.012) and rigidity (r = 0.50 and 0.39, p < 0.001). Radiographically healed calluses had a mRUST ≥13 and a RUST ≥10 and had excellent relationship to structural and biomechanical metrics. Effect of delayed healing due to phosphate dietary restrictions was found at later time points with all mechanical properties (p < 0.011), however no differences found in the RUST scores (p > 0.318). Clinical relevance of this study is both RUST scores showed high correlation to physical properties of healing and generally distinguished healed vs. non‐healed fractures. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:945–953, 2018.
Effect of microwave freeze drying on quality and energy supply in drying of barley grass
Authors: Cao Xiaohuang , Zhang Min , Mujumdar Arun S , Zhong Qifeng , Wang Zhushang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDYoung barley grass leaves are well‐known for containing the antioxidant substances flavonoid and chlorophyll. However, low product quality and energy efficiency exist with respect to the dehydration of barley grass leaves. To improve energy supply and the quality of barley grass, microwave heating instead of contact heat was applied for the freeze drying of barley grass at a pilot scale at 1, 1.5 and 2 W g–1, respectively; After drying, energy supply and quality parameters of color, moisture content, chlorophyll, flavonoids, odors of dried barley grass were determined to evaluate the feasibility of the study.RESULTSMicrowave freeze drying (MFD) allowed a low energy supply and high contents of chlorophyll and flavonoids. A lightness value of 60.0, a green value of –11.5 and an energy supply of 0.61 kW h–1 g–1 were observed in 1.5 W g–1 MFD; whereas drying time (7 h) decreased by 42% compared to contact heating. Maximum content of flavonoid and chlorophyll was 11.7 and 12.8 g kg–1 barley grass. Microwave heating leads to an odor change larger than that for contact heating observed for the freeze drying of barley grass.CONCLUSIONMFD retains chlorophyll and flavonoids, as well as colors and odors of samples, and also decreases energy consumption in the freeze drying of barley grass. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamics of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aggarwal Sadhna , Sharma Suresh C. , N.Das Satya 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe immune dysfunction in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients is one of the major factors for growth and dissemination of tumor affecting disease‐free survival.MethodsThe phenotypic and functional characteristics of Regulatory T (Treg) CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ subsets in OSCC patients were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry and its effector component (TGF‐β) by Western blot and qRT‐PCR.ResultsAn increased (P < 0.05) prevalence of Treg phenotypes (CD4+CD25+, CD4+FoxP3+, CD8+FoxP3+, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) was observed in the peripheral circulation of OSCC patients that positively correlated with clinicopathological features. The increased frequency of CD4+CD8+CD25+FoxP3+, a unique T cell subset, CTLA‐4+, GITR+, NrP1+, HLA‐DR+, CD127+, Tbet+, TGF‐β+, and granzyme B+ (GzmB) Tregs also showed a significantly higher prevalence in OSCC patients. Functionally, CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs showed skewed expression of IL‐2, IL‐10, and IL‐35 in patients as compared with the normal controls. Further, enhanced expression of CCR5 and CCR7 on Tregs with up regulation of their ligands (CCL5, CCL19, and CCL21) in tumor cells indicates efficient recruitment and trafficking of Tregs to the tumor site.ConclusionIt seems reasonable to assume that modulation of functional dynamics of selective Treg subsets may be useful in developing immunotherapeutic strategy for OSCC patients.
Semicircular canal dehiscence among idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients
Authors: Kuo Phoebe , Bagwell Kenneth A. , Mongelluzzo Gino , Schutt Christopher A. , Malhotra Ajay , Khokhar Babar , Kveton John F. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe cause of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is unknown. Because of a demonstrated association with tegmental defects and obesity, some have suggested idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) could contribute by eroding the bone over the canal and resulting in SSCD. However, an association between IIH and SSCD has not previously been evaluated. Our objective was to evaluate an association between IIH and SSCD.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsA retrospective study was performed of opening pressures for consecutive patients presenting at a lumbar puncture clinic between August 2012 and October 2015. Imaging for patients who also had thin‐sectioned computed tomography (CT) imaging was reviewed for the presence of radiographic SSCD. Association between IIH and SSCD was evaluated using the Student t test and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one patients had both a lumbar puncture performed and thin‐sectioned CT imaging available, of which 24 patients (19.8%) met the criteria for IIH with an opening pressure >25 cm H2O. The remaining 97 patients (80.2%) did not have elevated opening pressures and served as the control cohort. None of the 24 patients with IIH had radiographic SSCD, whereas eight of the 97 patients (8.2%) without IIH had radiographic SSCD. The average opening pressure in patients without radiographic SSCD was 20.2 cm H2O compared to 19.3 cm H2O in patients with radiographic SSCD (P = .521). In multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, body mass index, gender, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia), opening pressure was not a significant predictor of radiographic SSCD.ConclusionsThe results of this retrospective pilot study do not suggest an association between IIH and SSCD.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 128:1196–1199, 2018
Effect of postoperative radiotherapy in pT1pN1cM0 and pT2p/cN0cM0 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kadletz Lorenz , Heiduschka Gregor , Wolf Axel , Haug‐Lettenbichler Anna , Poyntner Lukas , Primosch Thomas , Rogatsch Hermann , Formanek Michael , Stadler Matthias , Kenner Lukas , Eckel Hans E. , Brunner Markus 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisConsulting of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma, classified as pT1pN1cM0 and pT2p/cN0cM0, about postoperative radiotherapy is a precarious task as data are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with intermediate‐stage oropharyngeal carcinoma.Study DesignMulticentric retrospective study.MethodsThis analysis was conducted at seven Austrian institutions and included data of patients treated between 2000 and 2012. A total of 81 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were included, of whom 33 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. p16 status determined by immunohistochemistry was available in 68 patients.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 47.9 months. Postoperative radiotherapy showed no benefits in regard to overall survival (P = .701). In contrast, disease‐free survival was significantly shortened in all patients without postoperative radiotherapy (P = .001). When dividing the cohort in dependence of p16, p16‐positive patients did not benefit from postoperative radiotherapy regarding overall and disease‐free survival (P = .934 and P = .102), whereas p16‐negative patients showed improved disease‐free survival after postoperative radiotherapy (P = .007). Multivariate analysis showed that outcome of postoperative radiotherapy is dependent on p16 status.ConclusionsIn terms of disease‐free survival, patients with p16‐negative tumors may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy, whereas survival of p16‐positive patients is good regardless of additional treatment.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1075–1082, 2018
The effect of inferior turbinate surgery on ear symptoms
Authors: Harju Teemu , Kivekäs Ilkka , Numminen Jura , Rautiainen Markus 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this placebo‐controlled study was to evaluate the effect of various inferior turbinate surgery techniques on Eustachian tube dysfunction‐related symptoms.Study DesignOutcomes were evaluated using the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) and tympanometry results.MethodsA total of 72 consecutively blinded and randomized adult patients with enlarged inferior turbinates due to persistent year‐round rhinitis underwent either a radiofrequency ablation, diode laser, microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty, or sham surgery procedure. Assessments were conducted prior to surgery and 3 months subsequent to the surgery.ResultsIn the evaluation of all patients, radiofrequency ablation, microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty, and sham surgery procedures decreased the ETDQ‐7 total score significantly. In a three‐way analysis of covariance, there were no significant differences in the results between sham surgery and any of the active treatment procedures. Allergic sensitization, sex, and age also had no effect on the results. There were no significant changes in the pre‐ and postoperative amounts of abnormal tympanometry curves or in the pre‐ and postoperative tympanometric peak pressure values in the actively treated patients or in the sham surgery group.ConclusionThe improvement of Eustachian tube dysfunction‐related symptoms due to surgery of the anterior half of the inferior turbinate was found to be equal to placebo. The findings of this study do not support the use of reduction of the anterior half of the inferior turbinate as a sole procedure intended to treat the ear symptoms assessed by the ETDQ‐7 questionnaire.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 128:568–572, 2018
Gastrostomy in the era of minimally invasive head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Frenkel Catherine H. , Yang Jie , Zhang Mengru , Ferrara Anthony , Telem Dana A. , Samara Ghassan J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveMinimally invasive transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is less likely to necessitate gastrostomy tube (GT) following resection of head and neck lesions versus conventional open procedures. However, the incidence of and indications for GT after TORS have not been reported in detail. This study defines the incidence of intra‐ and postoperative gastrostomy following robotic resection of advanced head and neck disease. It seeks to clarify the relevance of GT after TORS.Study DesignAdult patients undergoing TORS and neck dissection from 2008 to 2014 were identified in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System all‐payer administrative database.MethodsDemographic data and timing of GT in relation to surgery were recorded. Emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient readmissions were compared with multivariable logistic analysis.ResultsOf the 441 included patients, immediate, delayed, and total GT incidence within the first postoperative year was 9.5%, 11.6%, and 21.1%, respectively. Gastrostomy tube complications resulted in 4.5% of 30‐day ED visits, 3.3% of 30‐day readmissions, and 3.5% of 90‐day readmissions. Thirty‐nine percent of 90‐day readmissions were linked to poor postoperative oral intake. Delayed GT status was associated with an increase in 30‐day ED visits, and 30‐ or 90‐day readmissions attributable to poor oral intake (P = 0.10, P < 0.0001, 0.002, respectively).ConclusionEven in the era of minimally invasive TORS, impaired oral intake is a significant postoperative burden to head and neck cancer patients with advanced disease. Attention to patient risk factors combined with a complicated hospital course may identify patients benefiting from early GT.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:847–851, 2018
Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Outcome review
Authors: Merna Catherine , Kita Ashley , Wester Jacob , Diaz‐Aguilar Daniel , Goldstein Jeffrey D. , Palma Diaz Fernando , Blackwell Keith , St. John Maie A. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveIdentify the effect of patient characteristics, disease traits, and treatment modality on patient outcomes in the rare disease process of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective review of institutional case records and literature.MethodsThis study includes one case report, a literature review of the MEDLINE database from 1950 through June 2017 using keywords “intraosseous” and “mucoepidermoid,” and a query of the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pathology database for all documented cases of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck.ResultsIndicators of poorer prognosis were male gender (P = 0.0071) and higher histological grade (P = 0.0095). Lesion site, size, association with odontogenic cyst, and treatment type did not have a statistically significant correlation with patient outcomes. There also was no statistically significant correlation observed between treatment modality and recurrent or progressive disease when stratified by histological grade of the cancer.ConclusionThis study identified male gender and high histological tumor grade as poor prognostic indicators; however, it did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between treatment modality and patient outcomes. Data regarding patient outcomes following treatment was limited due to loss to follow‐up, suggesting that further investigation is required. Based on this review, decisions regarding treatment should be clinically guided and individually tailored to the patient's baseline health, disease severity, and the patient's treatment goals. A multi‐disciplinary conference, as was utilized in the presented case report, may be the best approach to treatment planning for these patients at this time.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1083–1092, 2018