bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From manned to unmanned aircraft: Adapting airborne particle size mapping methodologies to the characteristics of sUAS and SfM
Authors: Woodget A. S. , Fyffe C. , Carbonneau P. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSubaerial particle size data holds a wealth of valuable information for fluvial, coastal, glacial and other sedimentological applications. Recently, we have gained the opportunity to map and quantify surface particle sizes at the mesoscale using data derived from small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) imagery processed using structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Typically, these sUAS‐SfM approaches have been based on calibrating orthoimage texture or point cloud roughness with particle size. Variable levels of success are reported and a single, robust method capable of producing consistently accurate and precise results in a range of settings has remained elusive. In this paper, we develop an original method for mapping surface particle size with the specific constraints of sUAS and SfM in mind. This method uses the texture of single sUAS images, rather than orthoimages, calibrated with particle sizes normalised by individual image scale. We compare results against existing orthoimage texture and roughness approaches, and provide a quantitative investigation into the implications of the use of sUAS camera gimbals. Our results indicate that our novel single image method delivers an optimised particle size mapping performance for our study site, outperforming both other methods and delivering residual mean errors of 0.02 mm (accuracy), standard deviation of residual errors of 6.90 mm (precision) and maximum residual errors of 16.50 mm. Accuracy values are more than two orders of magnitude worse when imagery is collected by a similar drone which is not equipped with a camera gimbal, demonstrating the importance of mechanical image stabilisation for particle size mapping using measures of image texture. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The geomorphic legacy of water and erosion control structures in a semiarid rangeland watershed
Authors: Nichols Mary H. , Magirl Christopher , Sayre Nathan F. , Shaw Jeremy R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractControl over water supply and distribution is critical for agriculture in drylands where manipulating surface runoff often serves the dual purpose of erosion control. However, little is known of the geomorphic impacts and legacy effects of rangeland water manipulation infrastructure, especially if not maintained. This study investigated the geomorphic impacts of structures such as earthen berms, water control gates, and stock tanks, in a semiarid rangeland in the southwestern USA that is responding to both regional channel incision that was initiated over a century ago, and a more recent land use change that involved cattle removal and abandonment of structures. The functional condition of remnant structures was inventoried, mapped, and assessed using aerial imagery and lidar data. Headcut initiation, scour, and channel incision associated with compromised lateral channel berms, concrete water control structures, floodplain water spreader berms, and stock tanks were identified as threats to floodplains and associated habitat. Almost half of 27 identified lateral channel berms (48%) have been breached and 15% have experienced lateral scour; 18% of 218 shorter water spreader berms have been breached and 17% have experienced lateral scour. A relatively small number of 117 stock tanks (6%) are identified as structurally compromised based on analysis of aerial imagery, although many currently do not provide consistent water supplies. In some cases, the onset of localized disturbance is recent enough that opportunities for mitigation can be identified to alter the potentially damaging erosion trajectories that are ultimately driven by regional geomorphic instability. Understanding the effects of prior land use and remnant structures on channel and floodplain morphologic condition is critical because both current land management and future land use options are constrained by inherited land use legacy effects. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Identification of 16q21 as a modifier of nonsyndromic orofacial cleft phenotypes
Authors: Carlson Jenna C. , Standley Jennifer , Petrin Aline , Shaffer John R. , Butali Azeez , Buxó Carmen J. , Castilla Eduardo , Christensen Kaare , Deleyiannis Frederic W.‐D. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Field L. Leigh , Garidkhuu Ariuntuul , Moreno Uribe Lina M. , Nagato Natsume , Orioli Ieda M. , Padilla Carmencita , Poletta Fernando , Suzuki Satoshi , Vieira Alexandre R. , Wehby George L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Beaty Terri H. , Feingold Eleanor , Murray Jeffrey C. , Marazita Mary L. , Leslie Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are common, complex birth defects with extremely heterogeneous phenotypic presentations. Two common subtypes—cleft lip alone (CL) and CL plus cleft palate (CLP)—are typically grouped into a single phenotype for genetic analysis (i.e., CL with or without cleft palate, CL/P). However, mounting evidence suggests there may be unique underlying pathophysiology and/or genetic modifiers influencing expression of these two phenotypes. To this end, we performed a genome‐wide scan for genetic modifiers by directly comparing 450 CL cases with 1,692 CLP cases from 18 recruitment sites across 13 countries from North America, Central or South America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. We identified a region on 16q21 that is strongly associated with different cleft type (P = 5.611 × 10−8). We also identified significant evidence of gene–gene interactions between this modifier locus and two recognized CL/P risk loci: 8q21 and 9q22 (FOXE1) (P = 0.012 and 0.023, respectively). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the 16q21 modifier locus demonstrated significant association with CL over CLP. The marker alleles on 16q21 that increased risk for CL were found at highest frequencies among individuals with a family history of CL (P = 0.003). Our results demonstrate the existence of modifiers for which type of OFC develops and suggest plausible elements responsible for phenotypic heterogeneity, further elucidating the complex genetic architecture of OFCs.
Differences between child and adult large‐scale functional brain networks for reading tasks
Authors: Liu Xin , Gao Yue , Di Qiqi , Hu Jiali , Lu Chunming , Nan Yun , Booth James R. , Liu Li 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReading is an important high‐level cognitive function of the human brain, requiring interaction among multiple brain regions. Revealing differences between children's large‐scale functional brain networks for reading tasks and those of adults helps us to understand how the functional network changes over reading development. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 17 adults (19–28 years old) and 16 children (11–13 years old), and graph theoretical analyses to investigate age‐related changes in large‐scale functional networks during rhyming and meaning judgment tasks on pairs of visually presented Chinese characters. We found that: (1) adults had stronger inter‐regional connectivity and nodal degree in occipital regions, while children had stronger inter‐regional connectivity in temporal regions, suggesting that adults rely more on visual orthographic processing whereas children rely more on auditory phonological processing during reading. (2) Only adults showed between‐task differences in inter‐regional connectivity and nodal degree, whereas children showed no task differences, suggesting the topological organization of adults’ reading network is more specialized. (3) Children showed greater inter‐regional connectivity and nodal degree than adults in multiple subcortical regions; the hubs in children were more distributed in subcortical regions while the hubs in adults were more distributed in cortical regions. These findings suggest that reading development is manifested by a shift from reliance on subcortical to cortical regions. Taken together, our study suggests that Chinese reading development is supported by developmental changes in brain connectivity properties, and some of these changes may be domain‐general while others may be specific to the reading domain.
Linking physiography and evaporation using the isotopic composition of river water in 16 Canadian boreal catchments
Authors: Welch Chani , Smith Aaron A. , Stadnyk Tricia A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHighly seasonal boreal catchments are hydrologically complex and generally data poor and, hence, are ripe for investigation using tracer‐aided hydrologic models. The influence of physiography on isotopic metrics was assessed to identify the catchment characteristics dominating evaporative enrichment. A multiyear stable isotope of water dataset was collected at the outlets of 16 boreal catchments in central Canada ranging in area from 12 to 15,282 km2. Physiographic characteristics were obtained through raster analysis of freely available land cover images, stream networks, and digital elevation models. Correlation analysis indicated that as the percentage coverage of open water increased, so too did the evaporative effects observed at the catchment outlet. Correlation to wetland metrics indicated that increasing the percentage coverage of wetlands can reduce or increase evaporative effects observed, depending on the isotopic metric used and the corresponding drainage density, catchment slope, and presence of headwater lakes. The slopes of river evaporative‐mixing lines appear to reflect multifaceted relationships, strongest between catchment slope, headwater lakes, and connected wetlands, whereas mean line‐conditioned excess is more directly linked to physiographic variables. Hence, the slopes of river evaporative‐mixing lines and mean line‐conditioned excess are not interchangeable metrics of evaporative enrichment in a catchment. Relationships identified appear to be independent of catchment scale. These results suggest that adequate inclusion of the distribution of open water throughout a catchment, adequate representation of wetland processes, catchment slope, and drainage density are critical characteristics to include in tracer‐aided hydrologic models in boreal environments in order to minimize structural uncertainty.
Up‐regulated WDR5 promotes gastric cancer formation by induced cyclin D1 expression
Authors: Sun Wei , Guo Fuchao , Liu Mingkai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fourth common cancer and second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the world. WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) has been identified that its functions as an important role in various biological functions through the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. However, the oncogenic effect of WDR5 in gastric cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of WDR5 in gastric cancer genesis. We found that WDR5 expression is increased in gastric cancer patients. Through survival analysis, we found that high expression of WDR5 is associated with high risk gastric cancer; patients who with WDR5 high expression have poor survival rate compared with those who with WDR5 low expression. To make further investigation, we identified that WDR5 is targeted for cell cycle arrest by the Cyclin D1 in a process that is regulated by H3K4me3. Moreover, over‐expression of WDR5 promotes cell proliferation, induces S/G2/M arrest in cell cycle, and promotes the expression of WDR5 targets, as well as that of H3K4me3 on the promoter of its targets. Inversely, WDR5 knockdown by shRNA inhibits cell proliferation, reverses S/G2/M arrest in cell cycle, and suppresses the expression of WDR5 targets, as well as that of H3K4me3. We also observed the positive correlation of WDR5 expression with its target in the cohort study of gastric patients. Taken together, our data reveal that WDR5 may have oncogenic effect and WDR5‐mediated H3K4 methylation plays an important role in gastric cancer.
Comparative characterization of CD271+ and CD271− subpopulations of CD34+ human adipose‐derived stromal cells
Authors: Beckenkamp Liziane R. , Souza Lucas E. B. , Melo Fernanda U. F. , Thomé Carolina H. , Magalhães Daniele A. R. , Palma Patrícia V. B. , Covas Dimas T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are promising candidates for cell‐based therapies. However, the lack of markers able to unequivocally identify these cells, the differential expression of cell surface molecules among stromal progenitors from different tissues and cellular alterations caused by culture are phenomena that need to be comprehensively addressed in order to improve ASC purification and consequently refine our knowledge about their function and therapeutic efficiency. In this study, we investigated the potential of CD271, a marker used for purification of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, on enriching ASCs from CD34+ stromal cells of human adipose tissue. Putative ASC populations were sorted based on CD271 expression (CD45−CD31−CD34+CD271+ and CD45−CD31−CD34+CD271− cells) and compared regarding their clonogenic efficiency, proliferation, immunophenotypic profile, and multilineage potential. To shed light on their native identity, we also interrogated the expression of key perivascular cell markers in freshly isolated cells. CD271− cells displayed twofold higher clonogenic efficiency than CD271+ cells. Upon culture, the progeny of both populations displayed similar immunophenotypic profile and in vitro adipogenic and chondrogenic potentials, while CD271+ cells produced more calcified extracellular matrix. Interestingly, uncultured freshly isolated CD271+ cells displayed higher expression of pericyte‐associated markers than CD271− cells and localized in the inner region of the perivascular wall. Our results demonstrate that cells with in vitro ASC traits can be obtained from both CD271+ and CD271− stromal populations of human adipose tissue. In addition, gene expression profiling and in situ localization analyses indicate that the CD271+ population displays a pericytic phenotype.
Model of the stochastic electromagnetic field coupling to multiconductor transmission lines above a ground plane
Authors: Kasper Johanna , Vick Ralf 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA solution for the coupling of stochastic electromagnetic fields to multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) is presented in this article. The presented method is suitable for MTLs of any geometry that fulfills the conditions of transmission line theory. The simulation model is based on the Baum‐Liu‐Tesche equations using complex per‐unit‐length parameters. The model is validated against the method of moments and shows a very good agreement. Because of its time efficiency compared to full numerical models, the focus of this work lies on the analytical model. The coupling of stochastic electromagnetic fields to a MTL consisting of 2 single‐wire lines above a conducting ground plane is simulated. For different setups of the MTL, the average squared magnitude of the coupled terminal currents of the lines is calculated and discussed.
Adsorption orientation of 8‐azaadenine on silver nanoparticles determined by SERS and DFT
Authors: Harroun Scott G. , Zhang Yaoting , Chen Tzu‐Heng , Hsu Chia‐Lun , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: November 2017

Abstract8‐Azaadenine (8AA) is structurally similar to both adenine and benzotriazole, and therefore, it is reasonable that it could adsorb onto noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) in an orientation analogous to either one. In this study, Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of 8AA are investigated to determine its adsorption orientation on Ag NPs. In support of the analysis, the Raman spectra of 8AA and various Ag+/8AA complexes were simulated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level. For both normal Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, good agreement is observed between the experimental and simulated spectra. Our findings show that 8AA adsorbs onto Ag NPs via its N3 and N9 atoms side in an adenine‐like manner. This result may be useful for nanoparticle‐mediated drug delivery strategies of 8‐azapurines or similar molecules with biological activities.
Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bobbitt Jonathan M. , Smith Emily A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for nondestructive in situ techniques that measure chemical content, total thickness, and interface locations for multilayer polymer films, and scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy in combination with appropriate data models can provide this information. A SA Raman spectroscopy method was developed to measure the chemical composition of multilayer polymer waveguide films and to extract the location of buried interfaces between polymer layers with 7‐ to 80‐nm axial spatial resolution. The SA Raman method acquires Raman spectra as the incident angle of light upon a prism‐coupled thin film is scanned. Six multilayer films consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared with total thicknesses ranging from 330 to 1,260 nm. The interface locations were varied by altering the individual layer thicknesses between 140 and 680 nm. The Raman amplitude ratio of the 1,605‐cm−1 peak for polystyrene and 812‐cm−1 peak for poly(methyl methacrylate) was used in calculations of the electric field intensity within the polymer layers to model the SA Raman data and extract the total thickness and interface locations. There is an average 8% and 7% difference in the measured thickness between the SA Raman and profilometry measurements for bilayer and trilayer films, respectively.
Detection of 13 mycotoxins in feed using modified QuEChERS with dispersive magnetic materials and UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Qian Mingrong , Yang Hua , Li Zuguang , Liu Yanping , Wang Jianmei , Wu Huizhen , Ji Xiaofeng , Xu Jie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 13 mycotoxins in feed by magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile/water (80:20, v/v, containing 3% acetic acid), and separated by centrifugation after salting‐out, and then treated with magnetic adsorbents to remove interferences. The separation of target mycotoxins was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column using a mobile phase consisting of 1 mmol/L ammonium acetate with 0.1% formic acid and methanol by gradient elution. Good linearities for the 13 mycotoxins were achieved with correlation coefficients over 0.99, and the recoveries of mycotoxins were in the range of 89.3–112.6% at spiking at levels of 5, 20, and 100 μg/kg, with relative standard deviations of 0.9–10.4%. Based on the functional magnetic materials (MDN@Fe3O4, PSA@Fe3O4, ZrO2@Fe3O4) applied in dispersive solid‐phase extraction, the pretreatment process is more convenient and it is beneficial to reduce the experimental cost by reusing the recycled magnetic materials. It is a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly analytical method for the determination of mycotoxins in feed.
Inkjet Printing Based Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly Capable of Composite Patterning of Multilayered Nanofilms
Authors: Choi Moonhyun , Heo Jiwoong , Choi Daheui , Hwangbo Sunghee , Hong Jinkee 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSurface modification involves developing a versatile thin film by combining the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the functional materials and can facilitate controlling material for desirable aims. Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly can be used to create materials with controlled thicknesses and morphologies, diverse functionalities, and unique structures on any surface. However, despite the advantages of the LbL fabrication technique, there are limits to its application because it is a time‐consuming process and has difficulty controlling the shape of nanofilms. In addition, controlling the lateral organization is difficult because the preparation methods are based on one‐pot self‐assembly. In this study, a multilayered fabrication system is developed for the high‐throughput LbL assembly of nanofilms through inkjet printing. With various types of materials from synthetic polymer to graphene oxide to natural polymer and protein, the approach can tune the preparation of nanoscale multilayers with desired structures and shapes for specific applications on various substrates, including a silicon wafer, quartz glass, and cellulose‐based paper.
Dysfunction in emotion processing underlies functional (psychogenic) dystonia
Authors: Espay Alberto J. , Maloney Thomas , Vannest Jennifer , Norris Matthew M. , Eliassen James C. , Neefus Erin , Allendorfer Jane B. , Chen Robert , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe sought to determine whether abnormalities in emotion processing underlie functional (psychogenic) dystonia, one of the most common functional movement disorders.MethodsMotor and emotion circuits were examined in 12 participants with functional dystonia, 12 with primary organic dystonia, and 25 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4T and a finger‐tapping task (motor task), a basic emotion‐recognition task (emotional faces task), and an intense‐emotion stimuli task.ResultsThere were no differences in motor task activation between groups. In the faces task, when compared with the other groups, functional dystonia patients showed areas of decreased activation in the right middle temporal gyrus and bilateral precuneus and increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum. In the intense‐emotion task, when compared with the other groups, functional dystonia patients showed decreased activation in the left insular and left motor cortices (compared to organic dystonia, they showed an additional decrease in activation in the right opercular cortex and right motor cortex) and increased activation in the left fusiform gyrus.ConclusionsFunctional dystonia patients exhibited stimulus‐dependent altered activation in networks involved in motor preparation and execution, spatial cognition, and attentional control. These results support the presence of network dysfunction in functional dystonia. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A robust optimal preconditioner for the mixed finite element discretization of elliptic optimal control problems
Authors: Gong Wei , Tan Zhiyu , Zhang Shuo 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the efficient solving of the resulting algebraic system for elliptic optimal control problems with mixed finite element discretization. We propose a block‐diagonal preconditioner for the symmetric and indefinite algebraic system solved with minimum residual method, which is proved to be robust and optimal with respect to both the mesh size and the regularization parameter. The block‐diagonal preconditioner is constructed based on an isomorphism between appropriately chosen solution space and its dual for a general control problem with both state and gradient state observations in the objective functional. Numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of our proposed preconditioner.