bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Articular cartilage surface roughness as an imaging‐based morphological indicator of osteoarthritis: A preliminary investigation of osteoarthritis initiative subjects
Authors: Newton Michael D. , Osborne Jeffrey , Gawronski Karissa , Baker Kevin C. , Maerz Tristan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCurrent imaging‐based morphometric indicators of osteoarthritis (OA) using whole‐compartment mean cartilage thickness (MCT) and volume changes can be insensitive to mild degenerative changes of articular cartilage (AC) due to areas of adjacent thickening and thinning. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate cartilage thickness‐based surface roughness as a morphometric indicator of OA. 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets were collected from osteoarthritis initiative (OAI) subjects with Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) OA grades of 0, 2, and 4 (n = 10/group). Femoral and tibial AC volumes were converted to two‐dimensional thickness maps, and MCT, arithmetic surface roughness (Sa), and anatomically normalized Sa (normSa) were calculated. Thickness maps enabled visualization of degenerative changes with increasing KL grade, including adjacent thinning and thickening on the femoral condyles. No significant differences were observed in MCT between KL grades. Sa was significantly higher in KL4 compared to KL0 and KL2 in the whole femur (KL0: 0.55 ± 0.10 mm, KL2: 0.53 ± 0.09 mm, KL4: 0.79 ± 0.18 mm), medial femoral condyle (KL0: 0.42 ± 0.07 mm, KL2: 0.48 ± 0.07 mm, KL4: 0.76 ± 0.22 mm), and medial tibial plateau (KL0: 0.42 ± 0.07 mm, KL2: 0.43 ± 0.09 mm, KL4: 0.68 ± 0.27 mm). normSa was significantly higher in KL4 compared to KL0 and KL2 in the whole femur (KL0: 0.22 ± 0.02, KL2: 0.22 ± 0.02, KL4: 0.30 ± 0.03), medial condyle (KL0: 0.17 ± 0.02, KL2: 0.20 ± 0.03, KL4: 0.29 ± 0.06), whole tibia (KL0: 0.34 ± 0.04, KL2: 0.33 ± 0.05, KL4: 0.48 ± 0.11) and medial plateau (KL0: 0.23 ± 0.03, KL2: 0.24 ± 0.04, KL4: 0.40 ± 0.10), and significantly higher in KL2 compared to KL0 in the medial femoral condyle. Surface roughness metrics were sensitive to degenerative morphologic changes, and may be useful in OA characterization and early diagnosis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2755–2764, 2017.
Dynamical differences of hemoglobin and the ionotropic glutamate receptor in different states revealed by a new dynamics alignment method
Authors: Tobi Dror 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA new algorithm for comparison of protein dynamics is presented. Compared protein structures are superposed and their modes of motions are calculated using the anisotropic network model. The obtained modes are aligned using the dynamic programming algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch, commonly used for sequence alignment. Dynamical comparison of hemoglobin in the T and R2 states reveals that the dynamics of the allosteric effector 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate binding site is different in the two states. These differences can contribute to the selectivity of the effector to the T state. Similar comparison of the ionotropic glutamate receptor in the kainate+(R,R)‐2b and ZK bound states reveals that the kainate+(R,R)‐2b bound states slow modes describe upward motions of ligand binding domain and the transmembrane domain regions. Such motions may lead to the opening of the receptor. The upper lobes of the LBDs of the ZK bound state have a smaller interface with the amino terminal domains above them and have a better ability to move together. The present study exemplifies the use of dynamics comparison as a tool to study protein function. Proteins 2017; 85:1507–1517. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nomenclature in Abdominal Wall Hernias: Is It Time for Consensus?
Authors: Parker Samuel G. , Wood Christopher P. J. , Sanders David L. , Windsor Alastair C. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAbdominal wall reconstruction is a rapidly evolving area of surgical interest. Due to the increase in prevalence and size of ventral hernias and the high recurrence rates, the academic community has become motivated to find the best reconstruction techniques. Whilst interrogating the abdominal wall reconstruction literature, we discovered an inconsistency in hernia nomenclature that must be addressed. The terms used to describe the anatomical planes of mesh implantation ‘inlay’, ‘sublay’ and ‘underlay’ are misinterpreted throughout. We describe the misinterpretation of these terms and give evidence of where it exists in the literature. We give three critical arguments of why these misinterpretations hinder advances in abdominal wall reconstruction research. The correct definitions of the anatomical planes, and their respective terms, are described and illustrated. Clearly defined nomenclature is required as academic surgeons strive to improve abdominal wall reconstruction outcomes and lower complication rates.
Characterization of a cerebral palsy‐like model in rats: Analysis of gait pattern and of brain and spinal cord motor areas
Authors: dos Santos Adriana Souza , de Almeida Wellington , Popik Bruno , Sbardelotto Bruno Marques , Torrejais Márcia Miranda , de Souza Marcelo Alves , Centenaro Lígia Aline 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn an attempt to propose an animal model that reproduces in rats the phenotype of cerebral palsy, this study evaluated the effects of maternal exposure to bacterial endotoxin associated with perinatal asphyxia and sensorimotor restriction on gait pattern, brain and spinal cord morphology. Two experimental groups were used: Control Group (CTG) − offspring of rats injected with saline during pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy Group (CPG) − offspring of rats injected with lipopolysaccharide during pregnancy, submitted to perinatal asphyxia and sensorimotor restriction for 30 days. At 29 days of age, the CPG exhibited coordination between limbs, weight‐supported dorsal steps or weight‐supported plantar steps with paw rotation. At 45 days of age, CPG exhibited plantar stepping with the paw rotated in the balance phase. An increase in the number of glial cells in the primary somatosensory cortex and dorsal striatum were observed in the CPG, but the corpus callosum thickness and cross‐sectional area of lateral ventricle were similar between studied groups. No changes were found in the number of motoneurons, glial cells and soma area of the motoneurons in the ventral horn of spinal cord. The combination of insults in the pre, peri and postnatal periods produced changes in hindlimbs gait pattern of animals similar to those observed in diplegic patients, but motor impairments were attenuated over time. Besides, the greater number of glial cells observed seems to be related to the formation of a glial scar in important sensorimotor brain areas.
Multifactorial assessment of measurement errors affecting intraoral quantitative sensory testing reliability
Authors: Moana-Filho Estephan J. , Alonso Aurelio A. , Kapos Flavia P. , Leon-Salazar Vladimir , Durand Scott H. , Hodges James S. , Nixdorf Donald R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background and purpose (aims)
Measurement error of intraoral quantitative sensory testing (QST) has been assessed using traditional methods for reliability, such as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Most studies reporting QST reliability focused on assessingone source of measurement error at a time, e.g., inter- or intra-examiner (test–retest) reliabilities and employed two examiners to test inter-examiner reliability. The present study used a complex design with multiple examiners with the aim of assessing the reliability of intraoral QST taking account of multiple sources of error simultaneously.

Methods
Four examiners of varied experience assessed 12 healthy participants in two visits separated by 48 h. Seven QST procedures to determine sensory thresholds were used: cold detection (CDT), warmth detection (WDT), cold pain (CPT), heat pain (HPT), mechanical detection (MDT), mechanical pain (MPT) and pressure pain (PPT). Mixed linear models were used to estimate variance components for reliability assessment; dependability coefficients were used to simulate alternative test scenarios.

Results
Most intraoral QST variability arose from differences between participants (8.8–30.5%), differences between visits within participant (4.6–52.8%), and error (13.3–28.3%). For QST procedures other than CDT and MDT, increasing the number of visits with a single examiner performing the procedures would lead to improved dependability (dependability coefficient ranges: single visit, four examiners = 0.12–0.54; four visits, single examiner = 0.27–0.68). A wide range of reliabilities for QST procedures, as measured by ICCs, was noted for inter- (0.39–0.80) and intra-examiner (0.10–0.62) variation.

Conclusion
Reliability of sensory testing can be better assessed by measuring multiple sources of error simultaneously instead of focusing on one source at a time. In experimental settings, large numbers of participants are needed to obtain accurate estimates of treatment effects based on QST measurements. This is different from clinical use, where variation between persons (the person main effect) is not a concern because clinical measurements are done on a single person.

Implications
Future studies assessing sensorytestingreliabilityinboth clinicaland experimental settings would benefit from routinely measuring multiple sources of error. The methods and results of this study can be used by clinical researchers to improve assessment of measurement error related to intraoral sensorytesting. This should lead to improved resource allocation when designing studies that use intraoral quantitative sensory testing in clinical and experimental settings.
© 2017 Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
miRNA-34c-5p inhibits amphiregulin-induced ovarian cancer stemness and drug resistance via downregulation of the AREG-EGFR-ERK pathway
Authors: Tung S-L , Huang W-C , Hsu F-C , Yang Z-P , Jang T-H , Chang J-W , Chuang C-M , Lai C-R , Wang L-H 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer mainly due to late diagnosis, easy spreading and rapid development of chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells are considered to be one of the main mechanisms for chemoresistance, as well as metastasis and recurrent disease. To explore the stemness characteristics of ovarian cancer stem cells, we successfully enriched ovarian cancer stem-like cells from an established ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-I6) and a fresh ovarian tumor-derived cell line (OVS1). These ovarian cancer stem-like cells possess important cancer stemness characteristics including sphere-forming and self-renewing abilities, expressing important ovarian cancer stem cell and epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers, as well as increased drug resistance and potent tumorigenicity. Microarray analysis of OVS1-derived sphere cells revealed increased expression of amphiregulin (AREG) and decreased expression of its conserved regulatory microRNA, miR-34c-5p, when compared with the OVS1 parental cells. Overexpression of AREG and decreased miR-34c-5p expression in SKOV-I6 and OVS1 sphere cells were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Luciferase reporter assay and mutant analysis confirmed that AREG is a direct target of miR-34c-5p. Furthermore, AREG-mediated increase of sphere formation, drug resistance toward docetaxel and carboplatin, as well as tumorigenicity of SKOV-I6 and OVS1 cells could be abrogated by miR-34c-5p. We further demonstrated that miR-34c-5p inhibited ovarian cancer stemness through downregulation of the AREG-EGFR-ERK pathway. Overexpression of AREG was found to be correlated with advanced ovarian cancer stages and poor prognosis. Taken together, our data suggest that AREG promotes ovarian cancer stemness and drug resistance via the AREG-EGFR-ERK pathway and this is inhibited by miR-34c-5p. Targeting AREG, miR-34c-5p could be a potential strategy for anti-cancer-stem cell therapy in ovarian cancer.
Does Kinematic Alignment Improve Short-Term Functional Outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared with Mechanical Alignment? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yanhong , Wang Yuliang , Yang Mingxuan , Wang Shuanke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis meta-analysis was conducted to study whether kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves short-term functional outcomes compared with mechanical alignment without changing the hip–knee–ankle angle. Prospective cohort studies were searched from electronic literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid interface), and Cochrane Library (Ovid interface). Total 1,159 records were identified. Six trials involving 561 patients were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis. The included studies recorded outcomes in the follow-up range from 6 to 34 months. Primary outcomes were to assess the functional outcomes in follow-up, and KA group achieved better performance on WOMAC score (mean difference [MD] = −18.82, 95% CI: −16.06 to −5.58), knee function score (MD = 7.23, 95% CI: 0.52–13.94), Oxford knee score (MD = 4.76, 95% CI: 0.40–9.12), and knee range of flexion (MD = 4.48, 95% CI: 2.09–6.86), whereas other parameters including Knee Society score, knee range of extension, VAS pain score, and the occurrence of the complications were without significant difference (p > 0.05). Second outcomes evaluated the perioperative clinic indexes. Our meta-analysis showed that KA group had a shorter time of operation (MD = −15.44, 95% CI: −27.47 to −3.71) and a longer walk distance before discharge (MD = 53.24, 95% CI: 21.32–85.15) when compared with the MA group, whereas the change in hemoglobin, incision length, knee range of flexion before discharge, and length of stays were without significant difference (p > 0.05). Third outcomes were used to analyze the alignment data. Our study showed that KA had larger angles of femoral component and mechanical axis of the femur (MD = −1.95,95% CI: −2.77 to −1.13), tibial component and mechanical axis of tibia (MD = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.43–2.70), anatomic knee angle (MD = −0.72, 95% CI: −1.33 to −0.11), and operative limb alignment (MD = −1.97, 95% CI: −2.50 to −1.45,) compared with the MA group, but the hip–knee–ankle angles between the two groups were similar. KA provided better functional outcomes and better flexion following short-term follow-up of TKA. However, longer-term follow-up and larger sample studies are needed to put into research in the future.
Inter- and Intraobserver Reliabilities of Four Different Radiographic Grading Scales of Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint
Authors: Köse Özkan , Acar Baver , Çay Fatif , Güler Ferhat , Yüksel Halil , Yilmaz Baris 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of four different radiographic grading scale of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, namely, Kellgren–Lawrence (KL), Ahlback, Brandt, and OA Research Society International (OARSI). One consultant orthopaedic surgeon and one rheumatologist who were familiar with these OA grading scales participated in the study. Radiological assessments were performed in random order by each observer on two separate occasions, at least 2 weeks apart. K-statistics were used to establish a relative level of agreement between the observers for the two readings and between separate readings by the same observer. A total of 140 patients (53 males and 87 females) with a mean age of 61.2 years (range, 50–72 years) were included in the study. Intraobserver reliability for KL was substantial for observer A (κ: 0.753) and moderate for observer B (κ: 0.573). Interobserver reliability for KL was moderate for both observers (κ: 0.499 and 0.458, respectively). Intraobserver reliability for Ahlback was substantial for observer A (κ: 0.768) and moderate for observer B (κ: 0.561). Interobserver reliability for Ahlback was fair for both observers (κ: 0.365 and 0.204, respectively). Intraobserver reliability for Brandt was substantial for observer A (κ: 0.741) and moderate (κ: 0.425) for observer B. Interobserver reliability for Brandt was fair for both observers (κ: 0.308 and κ: 0.246, respectively). Intraobserver reliability for OARSI was substantial for observer A (κ: 0.792) and moderate for observer B (κ: 0.508). Interobserver reliability for OARSI was moderate for observer A (κ: 0.425) and slight for observer B (κ: 0.175). None of the studied OA grading scales showed acceptable reliability (κ > 0.80). The evaluation of patients with OA should not be dependent on radiographic findings alone; clinical findings should also guide the treatment and follow-up.
Past, present, and future of Palenquero creole
Authors: Moñino Yves 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article examines the current usage of the creole language of Palenque. To properly contextualize the topic in time and space, the study presents various aspects of Palenquero language and culture, linking them with the history and language use of other Afro-Colombian communities. I present an overview of Palenque’s oral history, which is then assessed in light of colonial archival records. Thereafter, attention is turned to the genesis and composition of the creole, in an effort to demonstrate that it must be considered a Neo-Romance vernacular, regardless of its rather minor linguistic African legacy. That legacy is traceable to a single sub-Saharan language, i.e. Kikongo. An attempt is made to offer a hypothesis for the unexpected uniformity of this African substrate. The sociolinguistic description of Palenque’s creole and Spanish bilingualism is at the core of this study. An effort is made to describe Palenqueros’ self-perception of their past and current language use. I claim that today’s relatively small proportion of fluent creole speakers, and the teaching of Palenquero as an L2 in Palenque’s secondary school, are two outward signs that the prospects for the creole’s survival are slim. This I argue in spite of recent community-based efforts to revitalize the creole, which has received support from UNESCO’s declaration in 2008 of Palenque as “Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity.” Finally, a theoretical analysis of orality, oral literature and “orature” will lead to a proposal to revitalize the use of the creole language.
The emerging need for methods appropriate to study dynamic systems
Authors: MacIntyre Peter D. , MacKay Emily , Ross Jessica , Abel Esther 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop methodology to study complex dynamic systems. In this chapter we review 12 specific methods that offer solutions to the methodological challenges presented by a dynamic approach. Specific methods include several qualitative interview designs, longitudinal cluster analysis, Q-methodology, the trajectory equifinality model, the idiodynamic method, latent growth modelling, and change point analysis. The collection of methods provides an overview of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches that have been applied to the study of complex dynamic systems. Each reviewed procedure has been applied to the study of motivation for language learning and demonstrates how to take account of multiple timescales, initial conditions, and dynamic stability among other issues. Even as methods are being refined, novel research findings are emerging. The lasting impact of Complexity Theory on the field of second language development depends on closing the present gap between metaphorical and/or theoretical development and specific research methods.
Lost in state space?
Authors: Lowie Wander 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Since we can only make the observations our method allows us, we will have to adjust our method of investigation to the phenomena and questions we are interested in within the context and timescale of our focus. If we want to test hypotheses about the grand sweep effects of factors affecting language use at one moment in time, traditional group studies using statistics based on the Gaussian distribution are the most appropriate method. But if we are interested in investigating the changing relations in complex adaptive or dynamical systems, we should use nonlinear analyses of longitudinal data in which the denseness of the observations is adjusted to the expected rate of development. The resulting time series can then be analyzed using techniques that allow nonlinearity of the relations and that value variability as containing meaningful information. However, while there is general consensus about the requirements for traditional research in terms of the choice of parametric or nonparametric statistics, desirable power, effect sizes, and other conventions, the requirements and conventions for complexity research are not set. With the increasing popularity of complex dynamic approaches to second language development, and with more and more researchers applying complexity methodology, there is an urgent need for quality norms for this type of research. In this contribution I will make a modest proposal to some quality criteria in complexity research.
A neuropsycholinguistic approach to complexity
Authors: Köpke Barbara 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Research on bilingualism has considerably changed our view of language processing, one of the main contributions being a growing awareness of the instability of language systems. While Complexity Theory claims that there is no stability whatsoever, I will argue that there are moments in the life of a language user when language systems are specifically prone to change and discuss three such cases: changes in language use patterns leading to language attrition, adding a new language to the language system, and adaptation to acquired language disorders such as aphasia. Adopting a neuropsycholinguistic approach that compares different situations of typical and disordered language use and takes into account insights from neurosciences, this discussion demonstrates the brain’s adaptive potential when it is faced with structural disorganization or with environmental changes. Furthermore, and very much in line with predictions from Complexity Theory, the findings discussed suggest that language is probably less independent from other cognitive skills than previously thought.
Energy conservation in SLA
Authors: Han ZhaoHong , Bao Gang , Wiita Paul 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This chapter takes a system view on second language (L2) development. However, unlike proponents of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) viewing the developmental system as ever dynamic without a finite state, we take up a long-standing observation about a signature L2 phenomenon, inter-learner differential attainment, and theorize about its ontology. Drawing on a fundamental physics law, the Law of Conservation of Energy – importantly, not only conceptually but also mathematically – we lay out the key parameters and their interactional relationship in engineering L2 differential attainment. The parameters include aptitude, motivation, L2 input, and L1-TL distance, all of them interacting over time vis-à-vis the developmental positioning of the learner once s/he enters the field of learning, another concept key to the system view we expound in this chapter. The resulting theory, Energy Conservation Theory in L2 or ECT-L2, promises broad descriptive, explanatory, and predictive powers. We discuss the theory in conjunction with CDST, arguing for their complementarity.