bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the Involvement of Monoaminergic Pathways in the Antidepressant-Like Activity of Cymbopogon citratus in Mice
Authors: Umukoro Solomon , Ogboh Somtochukwu , Omorogbe Osarume , Adekeye Abdul-lateef , Olatunde Matthew 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Objectives Depression is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, which affects the quality of life of the sufferers and treatment approach is associated with serious adverse effects and sometimes therapeutic failures. Cymbopogon citratus leaf (CC) has been reported to exert anti-depressant effect but its mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated hence, the need for this study.
Methods The anti-depressant-like effect of Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf was evaluated using forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and yohimbine-induced lethality test (YLT) in aggregated mice. Interaction studies involving p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin biosynthesis and yohimbine, α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist were carried out to evaluate the role of monoaminergic system in the anti-depressant-like effect of CC. The effect of CC on spontaneous motor activity (SMA) was also assessed using activity cage.
Results Cymbopogon citratus (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) demonstrated antidepressant-like activity devoid of significant stimulation of the SMA in mice. However, the antidepressant-like property of CC was significantly (p<0.05) attenuated by pretreatment with yohimbine suggesting involvement of noradrenergic pathway in the action of the extract. Also, pCPA reversed the anti-immobility effect of CC, indicating the role of serotonergic system in the mediation of its antidepressant activity. Moreover, CC (25 and 50 mg/kg) potentiated the lethal effect of yohimbine in aggregated mice, which further suggest the involvement of monoaminergic systems in its action.
Conclusions The results of the study showed that C. citratus might be interacting with serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways to mediate its anti-depressant-like effect in mice.
The Development of Linguistics in China
Authors: Chen Weiying 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Prompted by Western science in late 19th century, Chinese linguistics gradually moved to a new direction after two thousand years of philological tradition centered on rhetoric and textual exegesis. Through the intense efforts of a few scholars in the early twenti-eth century, linguistic study in China became a science and a discipline. Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and Wang Li (1900–1986) were first-generation linguists who led the movement to apply the methodology of modern linguistics to the systematic study of Chinese. This paper investigates the trend setting achievements of these founders of the discipline, and it introduces their biographical and scholarly backgrounds. It also provides a brief history of philology through the lens of Wang Li who was the first historian of Chinese linguistics. Contemporary linguists need both a critical mind to understand the philological legacy of Chinese and an open mind to welcome new interdisciplinary approaches that could produce innovative theories and facilitate the growth of the discipline. Moreover, this paper expands the history of linguistics by introducing linguistic features not found in Indo-European languages, thereby making the history of linguistics more inclusive than it has previously been. Consequently, this paper contributes to a rethinking of the definition of language.
Ludwig Noiré and the Debate on Language Origins in the 19th Century
Authors: D’Alonzo Jacopo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAmong the scholars who tackled the topic of language origins in the 19th century, the German philosopher Ludwig Noiré (1829–1889) deserves special mention. To him, the unique sociability of humans implies cooperation and cooperation in turn involves language. Remarkably, Noiré’s theory deeply influenced the debate on language origins until the 1950s. Before offering some theoretical and historical explanations for the enduring influence of Noiré’s theory, it is necessary to describe the general features of his theory and the context in which it arose. After dealing with the German-English debate on language origins during the 19th century, a section will be especially devoted to Noiré’s theory of language origins. Finally, a comparison between Noiré’s insights and the naturalistic framework of the 19th century is provided.
Multiplicity of motivation behind dynamic descriptions of emotion in Estonian
Authors: Vainik Ene 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe rich variety of emotion descriptions in terms of motion verbs found in standard Estonian was studied in respect of their general motivation and some specific motivating factors, such as conceptual structures and cognitive mechanisms. The possibilities of being a relatively late cultural loan and a direct influence of the humoral theory were both rejected, because of the discovered abundance of semi-schematic patterns and the lack of prominence of patterns related to the specific motion of body fluids. The universalistic account of bodily experience was considered to be the most powerful available explanation. The generalised embodied understanding of emotion in terms of motion was revealed by (a) the rich variety of conceptual metaphors and metonymies that were used (often simultaneously), and (b) how well they fit into the three-stage cognitive model of a typical emotion scenario. Gradual deliteralization of the verbs’ meanings is also a plausible mechanism at work because the semantic abstractness of a motion verb was found to be a function of the nature of the entities filling the slots in the semi-schematic patterns.
Linguistic capital
Authors: Harwood Chris , Lai Conttia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the effects of Hong Kong’s language policy changes in education since China reclaimed the territory in 1997. It describes Hong Kongers’ perceptions of English and their mother tongue Cantonese, and considers the effects of the Cantonese medium of instruction (CMI) policy, which was introduced to promote biliteracy and trilingualism1 among Hong Kongers. The analysis shows that even though CMI results in deeper learning in Hong Kong students, the strength and status of English as the lingua franca in the territory remains strong, and access to the linguistic capital English brings remains restricted to those with financial capital to afford it.
The economy of word classes in Hiw, Vanuatu
Authors: François Alexandre 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe issue of lexical flexibility is best tackled as the articulation of two separate mappings: one that assigns lexical items to word classes; another one that associates these word classes with the syntactic functions they can access. A language may endow its lexemes with more or less multicategoriality, and its word classes with more or less multifunctionality: these are two distinct facets of lexical flexibility, which should be assessed separately. Focusing on Hiw, an Oceanic language of northern Vanuatu, I show that lexical flexibility is there mostly due to the high multifunctionality of its word classes, each of which can regularly access a broad array of syntactic functions. Conversely, Hiw ranks relatively low on the scale of multicategoriality: most of its lexemes are assigned just one word class. This is how a language can be grammatically flexible, yet lexically rigid.
Word classes and the scope of lexical flexibility in Tongan
Authors: Völkel Svenja 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Tongan is an Oceanic language belonging to the Polynesian subgroup. Based on previous work (Churchward 1953, Tchekhoff 1981, Broschart 1997), Tongan has been classified as a 'flexible' language by various typological approaches on word classes (Hengeveld 1992, Rijkhoff 1998, Croft 2001). This means that lexical items are per se not categorised in terms of major word classes, but they can function as noun, verb, adjective and manner adverb without morphosyntactic derivation. However, not all lexemes are entirely flexible occurring within all these constructions. So the crucial issue of how flexible Tongan really is remains. This question will be addressed by a survey based on a combination of syntactic and semantic word class criteria – basically following Croft's prototype approach (2000, 2001) but also considering Hengeveld & Rijkhoff's work (Hengeveld 1992, Hengeveld, Rijkhoff & Siewierska 2004, Hengeveld 2013) Evans & Osada's work (2005). It reveals the scope of lexical flexibility for various lexemes and semantic groups.
Describing lexical flexibility in Caac (New Caledonia)
Authors: Cauchard Aurelie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Like other New Caledonian languages (see Ozanne-Rivierre 1998: 33–34 for Nyelâyu; see Bril 2002: 89–95, 2009, this volume for Nêlêmwa; see also Moyse-Faurie 2004: 15–61), Caac displays little categorial flexibility and, based on formal grounds, one can clearly identify two main syntactic categories: nouns and verbs, in addition to other small classes such as adverbs, adjectives or prepositions. Nouns, however, have the ability to be polyfunctional, and can function as the head of referential expressions as well as the head of predicative expressions in equative constructions, and in a certain type of presentative and spatial constructions, without undergoing any morphological change. By contrast, verbs require deverbal derivation in order to function as the head of referential expressions, a process mainly used for word creation purposes. There is in addition a small number of lexical bases which can function as the head of predicative and referential expressions indifferently. An analysis of the syntactic context in which they occur enables us to interpret them in a particular utterance. Similar lexemes in neighbouring languages have been analysed as flexible lexemes (Bril 2009: 2; in press). In this paper, I would like to explore the extent to which those lexemes can be differentiated from nouns (notably indirectly possessed free nouns) and verbs in Caac, depending on whether one puts the emphasis on formal or semantic criteria.
PIXiE: an algorithm for automated ion mobility arrival time extraction and collision cross section calculation using global data association
Authors: Ma Jian , Casey Cameron P , Zheng Xueyun , Ibrahim Yehia M , Wilkins Christopher S , Renslow Ryan S , Thomas Dennis G , Payne Samuel H , Monroe Matthew E , Smith Richard D , Teeguarden Justin G , Baker Erin S , Metz Thomas O 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (DTIMS-MS) is increasingly implemented in high throughput omics workflows, and new informatics approaches are necessary for processing the associated data. To automatically extract arrival times for molecules measured by DTIMS at multiple electric fields and compute their associated collisional cross sections (CCS), we created the PNNL Ion Mobility Cross Section Extractor (PIXiE). The primary application presented for this algorithm is the extraction of data that can then be used to create a reference library of experimental CCS values for use in high throughput omics analyses.

Results
We demonstrate the utility of this approach by automatically extracting arrival times and calculating the associated CCSs for a set of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics. The PIXiE-generated CCS values were within error of those calculated using commercially available instrument vendor software.

Availability and implementation
PIXiE is an open-source tool, freely available on Github. The documentation, source code of the software, and a GUI can be found at https://github.com/PNNL-Comp-Mass-Spec/PIXiE and the source code of the backend workflow library used by PIXiE can be found at https://github.com/PNNL-Comp-Mass-Spec/IMS-Informed-Library.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Discovery of a dual active galactic nucleus with ∼8 kpc separation
Authors: Ellison Sara L. , Secrest Nathan J. , Mendel J. Trevor , Satyapal Shobita , Simard Luc 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Targeted searches for dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs), with separations 1–10 kpc, have yielded relatively few successes. A recent pilot survey by Satyapal et al. has demonstrated that mid-infrared (mid-IR) pre-selection has the potential to significantly improve the success rate for dual AGN confirmation in late stage galaxy mergers. In this Letter, we combine mid-IR selection with spatially resolved optical AGN diagnostics from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey to identify a candidate dual AGN in the late stage major galaxy merger SDSS J140737.17+442856.2 at z = 0.143. The nature of the dual AGN is confirmed with Chandra X-ray observations that identify two hard X-ray point sources with intrinsic (corrected for absorption) 2–10 keV luminosities of 4 × 1041 and 3.5 × 1043 erg s−1 separated by 8.3 kpc. The neutral hydrogen absorption (∼1022 cm−2) towards the two AGNs is lower than in duals selected solely on their mid-IR colours, indicating that strategies that combine optical and mid-IR diagnostics may complement techniques that identify the highly obscured dual phase, such as at high X-ray energies or mid-IR only.
Effects of Conflicts of Interest on Practice Patterns and Complication Rates in Spine Surgery
Authors: Cook Ralph W. , Weiner Joseph A. , Schallmo Michael S. , Chun Danielle S. , Barth Kathryn A. , Singh Sameer K. , Hsu Wellington K. 
Published: May 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
We sought to determine whether financial relationships with industry had any impact on operative and/or complication rates of spine surgeons performing fusion surgeries.

Summary of Background Data.
Recent actions from Congress and the Institute of Medicine have highlighted the importance of conflicts of interest among physicians. Orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons have been identified as receiving the highest amount of industry payments among all specialties. No study has yet investigated the potential effects of disclosed industry payments with quality and choices of patient care.

Methods.
A comprehensive database of spine surgeons in the United States with compiled data of industry payments, operative fusion rates, and complication rates was created. Practice pattern data were derived from a publicly available Medicare-based database generated from selected CPT codes from 2011 to 2012. Complication rate data from 2009 to 2013 were extracted from the ProPublica-Surgeon-Scorecard database, which utilizes postoperative inhospital mortality and 30-day-readmission for designated conditions as complications of surgery. Data regarding industry payments from 2013 to 2014 were derived from the Open Payments website. Surgeons performing <10 fusions, those without complication data, and those whose identity could not be verified through public records were excluded. Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between industry payments, operative fusion rate, and/or complication rate.

Results.
A total of 2110 surgeons met the inclusion criteria for our database. The average operative fusion rate was 8.8% (SD 4.8%), whereas the average complication rate for lumbar and cervical fusion was 4.1% and 1.9%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant but negligible relationship between disclosed payments/transactions and both operative fusion and complication rates.

Conclusion.
Our findings do not support a strong correlation between the payments a surgeon receives from industry and their decisions to perform spine fusion or associated complication rates. Large variability in the rate of fusions performed suggests a poor consensus for indications for spine fusion surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3
Successful Treatment of Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis and Disseminated Tuberculosis Co-infection With Liposomal Amphotericin B and Anti-tubercular Drugs in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md. Mahbubur , Nath Proggananda , Rahman Mizanur , Mondal Dinesh , Shamsuzzaman Abul Khair Mohammad , Basher Ariful 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report a case of a 40-year-old male patient residing in a hyperendemic area of Bangladesh. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis at Surya Kanta Kala-azar Research Centre. He had thickening, furrowing, and hyperpigmentation of the skin over both lower limbs and had nodular lesions on the face and earlobes and macular lesion on the back of the chest and limbs with intact sensation. Right-sided moderate pleural effusion, mild ascites, and mild hepatosplenomegaly were also found. He had positive result of Xpert MTB/RIF test from pleural fluid and tuberculin skin test. The results of rapid diagnostic test rK39, slit skin smear microscopy for Leishman-Donovan bodies, and polymerase chain reaction for skin sample of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis were found positive. Liposomal amphotericin B and anti-tubercular (Category 1) drugs were used simultaneously without any serious adverse effect, and improvement was found at a follow-up visit after 6 months of the treatment.
Mycobacterium lentiflavum Infection in a Patient With Hyper-IgE Recurrent Infection Syndrome
Authors: Duzgol Mine , Cavusoglu Cengiz , Kara Ahu , Gülfidan Gamze , Ayhan Yüce , Bayram Nuri , Devrim Ilker 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Mycobacterium lentiflavum is a recently described nontuberculous mycobacterium that has mainly clinical importance in young children with cervical lymphadenitis and in immunocompromised patients. We report here, along with a further case of diffused pulmonary nodules in a 12-year-old boy, the first isolations from bronchoalveolar lavage culture with hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome from Turkey.
Detection of New Virulence Genes in mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Samples
Authors: Eshaghi Morteza , Bibalan Meysam Hasannejad , Pournajaf Abazar , Gholami Mehrdad , Talebi Malihe 
Published: May 2017

Background
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a main clinical and epidemiological concern for the past decades. These isolates have spread worldwide, causing health care– and community-associated infections. The aim of the present work was the determination of antibiotic resistance profile and simultaneous detection of psm-α and sasX genes in the clinical MRSA strains isolated from Tehran—the first report from Iran.

Methods
This descriptive study was performed on hospitalized patients during August to February 2015. Antibiotic susceptibility test for all S. aureus isolates was conducted on Mueller-Hinton agar. The presence of mecA, sasX, and psm genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method.

Results
Of 153 S. aureus, 79 (51.6%) of the strains carried the mecA gene. Molecular analysis of mecA-positive S. aureus showed that the prevalence of sasX and psm genes was 13.9% (11/79) and 7.6% (6/79), respectively.

Conclusions
This is the first report of sasX and psm genes among S. aureus isolates from Iran. Phenol-soluble modulins have recently appeared as a novel toxin family describing the virulence potential of vastly aggressive S. aureus. Current understanding is needed on S. aureus surface protein-encoding gene sasX, which plays a vital role in colonization and pathogenesis of MRSA.
A Case Report of Multiple Cerebral Abscesses Due to Nocardia in the Absence of Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Elliott Mark , Dixit Devika 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A 64-year-old woman with Waldenström macroglobulinemia presented with seizures and was found to have multifocal Nocardia farcinica cerebral abscesses. Nocardia species are an uncommon cause of cerebral abscesses that can occur spontaneously via inoculation from the environment, especially in immunocompromised patients, and usually appear with concomitant pulmonary disease. Nocardia infections generally portend a worse prognosis than other organisms causing the same clinical syndrome because they are difficult to treat. Treatment of cerebral Nocardia consists of combination therapy upfront with a sulfonamide and another agent, with long treatment regimens of up to a year.
Involving People Who Self-Harm in Research Design
Authors: Walker Sandra 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Involving service users in mental health research is expected in the United Kingdom.

Purpose:
This report outlines the process of exploring a proposed research project with a group of service users. The proposed research project is part of a doctoral pathway that was designed to explore the experiences in a general hospital of people who were admitted with self-harm in terms of their contact with mental health services.

Methods:
A consultation event was held where the researcher outlined the proposed format of the project and the expected aims and outcomes. The group members were asked to consider the validity of the question being asked and to consider questions they felt needed to be asked as part of the process.

Results:
The research question was amended in light of the consultation, and the process influenced the research methodology. Some interesting and unexpected linguistic points were noted during the consultation.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Although the process was time consuming in terms of setup, it was immeasurably valuable in adding real-world value to the project and ensuring that the research outcomes would be more likely to be meaningful to both service users and professionals alike.
Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Excision of a Facial Nerve Venous Malformation With Interposition Nerve Grafting: A Case Report
Authors: Wick Cameron C. , Sakai Mark , Richardson Timothy E. , Isaacson Brandon 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To illustrate a novel approach for the surgical management of a venous malformation of the facial nerve, including interposition nerve grafting, via an exclusively transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) approach.

Patient:
Thirty nine-year-old woman with a preoperative House–Brackmann (HB) grade IV facial paresis secondary to a facial nerve tumor.

Intervention(s):
Surgical excision and interposition nerve graft via a transcanal endoscopic approach.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Completeness of resection, approach morbidities, and facial nerve outcome.

Results:
The TEES approach provided wide exposure of the facial nerve from the geniculate ganglion through the mastoid segment. This visualization facilitated gross total tumor resection, incus interposition ossicular reconstruction, and placement of an interposition nerve graft. The nerve graft was positioned in the fallopian canal and was secured at both ends with surgicel. The patient had no postoperative complications. At 11-month follow-up her facial function had returned to HB grade IV.

Conclusions:
This is the first report of resecting a venous malformation of the facial nerve with concomitant interposition nerve graft reconstruction via an exclusively endoscopic approach. This report adds to the growing body of evidence that TEES can manage diverse middle ear and lateral skull base pathology. Additional studies are needed to fully elucidate the risk-benefit profile of this technique.