bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freshwater nemertines from the Amazon Region and from South Africa
Authors: Corrêa Diva Diniz 
Published: March 2017

Stiasny-Wijnhoff (1938) reconhece 6 espécies válidas do gênero Prostoma, a saber: P. lumbricoideum Dug., graecense (Böhm.), eilhardi (Montg.), grande (Ikeda), padanum Peir., e puteale Beauchamp. P. rubrum (Leidy) revalidado por Coe (1918), para as espécies norte-americanas aquarum dulcium Sill. e asensoriatum Montg., considera Stiasny-Wijnhoff provavelmente idêntico a P. graecense. Mas, se rubrum for entendido na base da diagnose de asensoriatum, não possue órgão sensorial frontal (presente em graecense) e as glândulas cefálicas não desembocam concentradamente (em graecense, sim). Os caracteres mencionados de rubrum (ou asensoriatum) foram reencontrados em material do México (Rioja 1941) e da Venezuela (Cordero 1943). Por isso, esta espécie até agora conhecida só do novo mundo, sem órgão frontal e com desembocadura difusa das glândulas cefálicas, deve ser acrescentada à lista de Stiasny-Wijnhoff.
Smartphone-Based Geofencing to Ascertain Hospitalizations
Authors: Nguyen Kaylin T. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Pletcher Mark J. , Ng Madelena , Kaye Leanne , Moturu Sai , Gladstone Rachel A. , Malladi Chaitanya , Fann Amy H. , Maguire Carol , Bettencourt Laura , Christensen Matthew A. , Marcus Gregory M. 
Published: March 2017

Background—
Ascertainment of hospitalizations is critical to assess quality of care and the effectiveness and adverse effects of various therapies. Smartphones, mobile geolocators that are ubiquitous, have not been leveraged to ascertain hospitalizations. Therefore, we evaluated the use of smartphone-based geofencing to track hospitalizations.

Methods and Results—

Participants aged ≥18 years installed a mobile application programmed to geofence all hospitals using global positioning systems and cell phone tower triangulation and to trigger a smartphone-based questionnaire when located in a hospital for ≥4 hours. An in-person study included consecutive consenting patients scheduled for electrophysiology and cardiac catheterization procedures. A remote arm invited Health eHeart Study participants who consented and engaged with the study via the internet only. The accuracy of application-detected hospitalizations was confirmed by medical record review as the reference standard. Of 22 eligible in-person patients, 17 hospitalizations were detected (sensitivity 77%; 95% confidence interval, 55%–92%). The length of stay according to the application was positively correlated with the length of stay ascertained via the electronic medical record (
r
=0.53;
P
=0.03). In the remote arm, the application was downloaded by 3443 participants residing in all 50 US states; 243 hospital visits at 119 different hospitals were detected through the application. The positive predictive value for an application-reported hospitalization was 65% (95% confidence interval, 57%–72%).

Conclusions—
Mobile application–based ascertainment of hospitalizations can be achieved with modest accuracy. This first proof of concept may ultimately be applicable to geofencing other types of prespecified locations to facilitate healthcare research and patient care.
Soluble FLT1 Gene Therapy Alleviates Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Severity
Authors: Zhu Wan , Shen Fanxia , Mao Lei , Zhan Lei , Kang Shuai , Sun Zhengda , Nelson Jeffrey , Zhang Rui , Zou Dingquan , McDougall Cameron M. , Lawton Michael T. , Vu Thiennu H. , Wu Zhijian , Scaria Abraham , Colosi Peter , Forsayeth John , Su Hua 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage. Current therapies are associated with high morbidities. Excessive vascular endothelial growth factor has been implicated in bAVM pathophysiology. Because soluble FLT1 binds to vascular endothelial growth factor with high affinity, we tested intravenous delivery of an adeno-associated viral vector serotype-9 expressing soluble FLT1 (AAV9-sFLT1) to alleviate the bAVM phenotype.

Methods—

Two mouse models were used. In model 1, bAVM was induced in R26CreER;
Eng
2f/2f
mice through global
Eng
gene deletion and brain focal angiogenic stimulation; AAV2-sFLT02 (an AAV expressing a shorter form of sFLT1) was injected into the brain at the time of model induction, and AAV9-sFLT1, intravenously injected 8 weeks after. In model 2, SM22αCre;
Eng
2f/2f
mice had a 90% occurrence of spontaneous bAVM at 5 weeks of age and 50% mortality at 6 weeks; AAV9-sFLT1 was intravenously delivered into 4- to 5-week-old mice. Tissue samples were collected 4 weeks after AAV9-sFLT1 delivery.

Results—

AAV2-sFLT02 inhibited bAVM formation, and AAV9-sFLT1 reduced abnormal vessels in model 1 (GFP versus sFLT1: 3.66±1.58/200 vessels versus 1.98±1.29,
P
<0.05). AAV9-sFLT1 reduced the occurrence of bAVM (GFP versus sFLT1: 100% versus 36%) and mortality (GFP versus sFLT1: 57% [12/22 mice] versus 24% [4/19 mice],
P
<0.05) in model 2. Kidney and liver function did not change significantly. Minor liver inflammation was found in 56% of AAV9-sFLT1–treated model 1 mice.

Conclusions—
By applying a regulated mechanism to restrict sFLT1 expression to bAVM, AAV9-sFLT1 can potentially be developed into a safer therapy to reduce the bAVM severity.
Transnational Armed Conflicts
Authors: Carron Djemila 
Published: March 2017

Situations of hostility between States and armed groups located on the territories of other States are difficult to classify because they call into question the categories of international and non-international armed conflicts. This contribution argues for the single classification of non-international armed conflicts of those transnational armed conflicts. The article starts with a clarification on the relevant circumstances for the contribution. The different classifications proposed by scholars, tribunals and States are then examined, leading us to our arguments for a single classification of non-international armed conflicts, and to the test adopted for a rapid categorization of those transnational hostilities. Finally, we mention some important observations and challenges on this topic, like the classification of situations involving at the same time hostilities between a State and an armed group located on the territory of another State and the occupation of the territory of this second State.
Anticyclonic Eddy Sheddings from Kuroshio Loop and the Accompanying Cyclonic Eddy in the Northeastern South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Wei , Qiu Bo , Tian Jiwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSheddings of Kuroshio Loop Current (KLC) eddies in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) are investigated using mooring arrays, multiple satellite data, and data-assimilative HYCOM products. Based on altimeter sea surface heights between 1992 and 2014, a total of 19 prominent KLC eddy shedding (KLCES) events were identified, among which four events were confirmed by the concurrent moored and satellite observations. Compared to the leaping behavior of Kuroshio, KLCES is a relatively short-duration phenomenon that primarily occurs in boreal autumn and winter. The KLC and its shedding anticyclonic eddy (AE) trap a large amount of Pacific water with high temperature–salinity and low chlorophyll concentration in the upper layer. The corresponding annual-mean transport caused by KLCES reaches 0.24–0.38 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), accounting for 6.8%–10.8% of the upper-layer Luzon Strait transport. Altimeter-based statistics show that among ~90% of the historical KLCES events, a cyclonic eddy (CE) is immediately generated behind the AE southwest of Taiwan. Both energetics and stability analyses reveal that because of its large horizontal velocity shear southwest of Taiwan, the northern branch of KLC is strongly unstable and the barotropic instability of KLC constitutes the primary generation mechanism for the CE. After CE is generated, it quickly grows and gradually migrates southward, which in turn facilitates the detachment of AE from KLC. The intrinsic relationship between KLC and CE explains well why eddy pairs are commonly observed in the region southwest of Taiwan.
Effects of Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction on Dynamic Postural Stability Measured by the Functional Reach Test and Timed Up and Go Test
Authors: Nishi Toshiko , Kamogashira Teru , Fujimoto Chisato , Kinoshita Makoto , Egami Naoya , Sugasawa Keiko , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: March 2017

Objective:To investigate the influence of vestibular function on dynamic postural stability assessed by the functional reach test (FRT) and the timed up and go test (TUG).Study design:Retrospective study.Setting:Tertiary referral center.Subjects and Methods:The FRT and TUG were performed in 399 patients with dizziness. The effects of peripheral vestibular dysfunction assessed by the caloric test and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) to air-conducted sound (500 Hz, tone burst) on the results of FRT and TUG were analyzed.Results:Neither FRT nor TUG scores showed significant differences in relation to the results of the caloric test ( P > .3). The FRT scores in patients who showed abnormal cVEMP responses on both sides were significantly smaller than those in patients who showed normal cVEMP responses ( P < .01). The TUG scores in patients who showed abnormal cVEMP responses on both sides were significantly greater than those in patients who showed normal cVEMP responses ( P < .05).Conclusion:The vestibulo-spinal reflex mediated by the saccule and its afferents is one of the factors that influence the maintenance of dynamic postural stability as measured by FRT and TUG.
Using social exchange theory to understand non-terminal palliative care referral practices for Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Prizer Lindsay P , Gay Jennifer L , Perkins Molly M , Wilson Mark G , Emerson Kerstin G , Glass Anne P , Miyasaki Janis M 
Published: March 2017

Background: A palliative approach is recommended in the care of Parkinson’s disease patients; however, many patients only receive this care in the form of hospice at the end of life. Physician attitudes about palliative care have been shown to influence referrals for patients with chronic disease, and negative physician perceptions may affect early palliative referrals for Parkinson’s disease patients. Aim: To use Social Exchange Theory to examine the association between neurologist-perceived costs and benefits of palliative care referral for Parkinson’s disease patients and their reported referral practices. Design: A cross-sectional survey study of neurologists. Setting/participants: A total of 62 neurologists recruited from the National Parkinson Foundation, the Medical Association of Georgia, and the American Academy of Neurology’s clinician database. Results: Participants reported significantly stronger endorsement of the rewards ( M = 3.34, SD = 0.37) of palliative care referrals than the costs ( M = 2.13, SD = 0.30; t(61) = −16.10, p < 0.0001). A Poisson regression found that perceived costs, perceived rewards, physician type, and the number of complementary clinicians in practice were significant predictors of palliative care referral. Conclusion: Physicians may be more likely to refer patients to non-terminal palliative care if (1) they work in interdisciplinary settings and/or (2) previous personal or patient experience with palliative care was positive. They may be less likely to refer if (1) they fear a loss of autonomy in patient care, (2) they are unaware of available programs, and/or (3) they believe they address palliative needs. Initiatives to educate neurologists on the benefits and availability of non-terminal palliative services could improve patient access to this care.
Lower kidney allograft survival in African–Americans compared to Hispanic–Americans with lupus
Authors: Gonzalez-Suarez M L , Contreras G 
Published: March 2017

Background and objective African–Americans and Hispanic–Americans with lupus are the two most common minority groups who receive kidney transplants in the USA. It is unknown if African–Americans and Hispanic–Americans with lupus have similar outcomes after kidney transplantation. In this study, we assessed whether African–Americans compared to Hispanic–Americans have worse kidney allograft survival after risk factors of rejection and other prognostic factors were matched between both groups. Methods Out of 1816 African–Americans and 901 Hispanic–Americans with lupus, who received kidney transplants between 1987 and 2006 and had complete records in the UNOS program, 478 pairs were matched in 16 baseline predictors and follow-up time employing a predicted probability of group membership. The primary outcome was kidney allograft survival. Main secondary outcomes were rejection, allograft failure attributed to rejection, and mortality. Results Matched pairs were predominantly women (81%) with the mean age of 36 years. 96% were on dialysis before transplantation. 89% of recipients received kidneys from deceased donors and 15.5% from expanded criteria donors. 12% of recipients had zero HLA mismatch. African–Americans compared to Hispanic–Americans had lower cumulative allograft survival during 12-year follow-up ( p < 0.001). African–Americans compared to Hispanic–Americans had higher rates of rejection (10.4 vs 6.73 events/100 patients-years; p = 0.0002) and allograft failure attributed to rejection (6.31 vs 3.99; p = 0.0023). However, African–Americans and Hispanic–Americans had similar mortality rates (2.71 vs 2.31; p = 0.4269). Conclusions African–Americans compared to Hispanic–Americans with lupus had lower kidney allograft survival when recognized risk factors of rejection were matched between groups.
Effect of age, sex and body weight on the serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate in cats consuming a consistent diet
Authors: Hill Sarah A , Cave Nicholas J , Forsyth Sandra 
Published: March 2017

Objectives Multiple feline diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver and biliary tract are known to cause abnormal serum cobalamin and folate concentrations. Measuring the serum concentration of these vitamins can therefore be a helpful diagnostic tool. However, factors other than disease, in particular age, have also been suggested to have an effect on the serum concentration of cobalamin and folate. In previous studies, the dietary intake was not standardised, or even known, despite diet being the prinicpal source of both vitamins. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of age, sex and body weight on the serum concentration of folate and cobalamin in cats fed the same diet. Methods The serum cobalamin and folate concentrations were measured in 65 apparently healthy cats in a nutrition colony that had been fed an identical diet. A linear model was used to test the relationship between the serum concentration of cobalamin and folate with the variables age, sex and body weight. Results There was a large variation in the serum concentration of both folate and cobalamin, despite identical intake. Serum cobalamin was inversely associated with age ( P = 0.002), and males had higher concentrations than females ( P = 0.039). Serum folate was positively associated with age ( P = 0.01). Conclusions and relevance Independent of diet, serum cobalamin concentration decreases with age. Changes in gastrointestinal function, microflora or metabolism may be responsible. Older cats may be more susceptible to cobalamin deficiency secondary to inappetence or gastrointestinal disease.
Aquaporin-4-autoimmunity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A predominantly population-based study
Authors: Asgari Nasrin , Jarius Sven , Laustrup Helle , Skejoe Hanne PB , Lillevang Soeren T , Weinshenker Brian G , Voss Anne 
Published: March 2017

Background: Serum immunoglobulin G targeting the astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the central nervous system (CNS) is a biomarker for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD). Co-existence of NMOSD with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) putatively suggests susceptibility to antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of NMOSD in SLE and investigate the immunogenetic background for an association of NMOSD and SLE. Methods: The study included a predominantly population-based cohort with clinical and serological investigations of 208 patients with SLE, followed prospectively since 1995. All patients received immunosuppressive treatment. NMOSD was evaluated retrospectively based on the 2015 International Panel for NMOSD Diagnosis (IPND) criteria. Polymorphisms in programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD-1) PD-1.3 G/A were genotyped. AGP4-IgG and other autoantibodies, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), was determined blinded to clinical diagnosis. Results: Of 208 patients with SLE, 45(22%) had neuropsychiatric (NP) SLE, and CNS involvement predominated in 30 of 45 (67%) patients. Serum AQP4-IgG was detected in 2 of 30 (6.7%) neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) patients both of whom had myelitis and antiphospholipid syndrome; one patient also had myasthenia gravis. None had MOG-IgG. PD-1.3A allele was not associated with SLE nor with NPSLE. Conclusion: AQP4-IgG autoimmune syndrome may rarely co-exist with SLE, and such patients have other NMOSD-typical syndromes such as myelitis.
Effectiveness of motivational interviewing for improving physical activity self-management for adults with type 2 diabetes: A review
Authors: Soderlund Patricia Davern 
Published: March 2017

Objectives This review examines the effectiveness of motivational interviewing for physical activity self-management for adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. Motivational interviewing is a patient centered individually tailored counseling intervention that aims to elicit a patient’s own motivation for health behavior change. Review questions include (a) How have motivational interviewing methods been applied to physical activity interventions for adults with diabetes mellitus type 2? (b) What motivational interviewing approaches are associated with successful physical activity outcomes with diabetes mellitus 2? Methods Database searches used PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for the years 2000 to 2016. Criteria for inclusion was motivational interviewing used as the principal intervention in the tradition of Miller and Rollnick, measurement of physical activity, statistical significance reported for physical activity outcomes, quantitative research, and articles written in English. Results A total of nine studies met review criteria and four included motivational interviewing interventions associated with significant physical activity outcomes. Discussion Findings suggest motivational interviewing sessions should target a minimal number of self-management behaviors, be delivered by counselors proficient in motivational interviewing, and use motivational interviewing protocols with an emphasis placed either on duration or frequency of sessions.
Assessment of microRNA and gene dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension by endoarterial biopsy
Authors: Rothman Abraham , Restrepo Humberto , Sarukhanov Valeri , Evans William N. , Wiencek Robert G. , Williams Roy , Hamburger Nicole , Anderson Kylie , Balsara Jasmine , Mann David 
Published: March 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may regulate a number of genes, each of which may have a variety of functions. We utilized an endoarterial biopsy catheter to assess the dysregulation of miRNAs in a porcine shunt model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Two Yucatan micropigs underwent surgical anastomosis of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. Endoarterial biopsy samples were obtained at baseline, and at regular intervals during the progression of PH. RNA, isolated from biopsy samples, was analyzed by Illumina miRNA expression microarrays (containing ∼1200 human miRNAs), Affymetrix Porcine GeneChips, Bioconductor, and GeneSpring. We examined a total of 925 genes in a PH whole genome microarray. Biopsy samples showed that 39 miRNAs were downregulated and 34 miRNAs were upregulated compared to baseline. The number of PH‐associated genes reported to be controlled by each of the dysregulated miRNAs was in the range of 1–113. The five miRNAs that had the largest number of PH‐associated genes were: miR‐548c‐3p, miR‐520d‐3p, miR‐130a‐5p, miR‐30a‐3p, and miR‐let‐7g‐3p. Several of the dysregulated miRNAs have been associated with molecular pathways and biologic processes involved in PH. Among 29 miRNAs, which were predicted to be dysregulated by a systems biology approach, we found four that were dysregulated in our porcine shunt model. An endoarterial biopsy technique was successful in showing that a large number of miRNAs are dysregulated in a porcine shunt model of PH. Many of these miRNAs control multiple PH‐associated genes, molecular pathways, and biologic processes. Endoarterial biopsy offers potential experimental and clinical diagnostic value.
Microparticle Formation in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Akbari Shareef , Abou-Arkoub Rima , Sun Suzy , Hiremath Swapnil , Reunov Arkadiy , McCormick Brendan B. , Ruzicka Marcel , Burger Dylan 
Published: March 2017

Background: Injury to the mesothelial layer of the peritoneal membrane during peritoneal dialysis (PD) is implicated in loss of ultrafiltration capacity, but there are no validated biomarkers for mesothelial cell injury. Microparticles (MPs) are 0.1 to 1.0 µm membrane vesicles shed from the cell surface following injury and are sensitive markers of tissue damage. Formation of MPs in the peritoneal cavity during PD has not been reported to date. Methods: We designed a single-center, proof of concept study to assess whether peritoneal solution exposure induces formation of mesothelial MPs suggestive of PD membrane injury. We examined MP levels in PD effluents by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), flow cytometry, procoagulant activity, and Western blot. Results: NTA identified particles in the size range of 30 to 900 nm, with a mean of 240 (SE: 10 nm). MP levels increased in a progressive manner during a 4-hour PD dwell. Electron microscopy confirmed size and morphology of vesicles consistent with characteristics of MPs as well as the presence of mesothelin on the surface. Western blot analysis of the MP fraction also identified the presence of mesothelin after 4 hours, suggesting that MPs found in PD effluents may arise from mesothelial cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MPs are formed and accumulate in the peritoneal cavity during PD, possibly as a stress response. Assessing levels of MPs in PD effluents may be useful as a biomarker for peritoneal membrane damage.
Public Views on Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Iyengar Hari , Kumar Prerna 
Published: March 2017

Objectives: To understand public views on pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease. Methods: Two hundred thirteen adults read a brief vignette describing the importance of early detection of critical congenital heart disease and then answered five questions on a five-point scale of how likely or unlikely they were to support pulse oximetry screening. Responses were tabulated and analyzed using a Fisher exact test, and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for adjusted associations using generalized estimating equations. Results: Almost 90% of all participants expressed support for routine pulse oximetry screening. The possibility of false positives leading to a delay in discharge, and the potential need for transfer to another facility lowered support but did not reach a statistical significance. The overall support for pulse oximetry screening was strong and consistent between different participant demographics. Conclusion: A large majority of participants in this study support pulse oximetry screening for the early detection of critical congenital heart disease.