bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic Polymerizable Surfactants and Stabilizers in Emulsion Polymerization: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aguirreurreta Ziortza , de la Cal José C. , Leiza Jose R. 
Published: August 2016

The feasibility of using commercially available anionic polymerizable surfactants (LatemulPD‐104 and SipomerPam‐200) and anionic polymerizable stabilizer (SipomerCops‐1) in the batch emulsion copolymerization of model acrylic latexes is studied. The effect of both surfactant type and surfactant concentration on the number of polymer particles and molecular weights is investigated. LatemulPD‐104 behaves as the conventional surfactant Dowfax2A1 and the dependence of the number of particles upon surfactant concentration is similar for both surfactants. However, when SipomerPam‐200 is used a higher dependence is observed, probably due to a substantial contribution of homogeneous nucleation. When the stabilizer SipomerCops‐1 is used polymer particles are only formed by homogeneous nucleation. The molecular weights of the final latexes are affected by the surfactant type and concentration used in the polymerization, and unexpectedly, gel is formed when SipomerPam‐200 is used.image
General method for simulating laboratory tests with constitutive models for geomechanics
Authors: Janda Tomáš , Mašín David 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe paper describes an approach to the simulation of arbitrary laboratory tests with homogeneous stress and strain fields applicable to most constitutive models common in geomechanics. The method by Bardet and Choucair [Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 15(1):1–19, 1991] is generalized for an arbitrary number of controlling and controlled variables. The approach is illustrated for time‐dependent thermo–hydro–mechanical constitutive models. The purpose of the method is to define an endless variety of different laboratory tests declaratively by means of two matrices E and S, which define the constraints on the controlled quantities such as stress, strains, suction, or temperature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI using isobutene as a new quenching gas
Authors: Hodono Shota , Imai Hirohiko , Yamauchi Yukiko , Kawamura Ayano , Matsumoto Hironobu , Okumura Shintaro , Fujiwara Hideaki , Kimura Atsuomi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe use of a quenching gas, isobutene, with a low vapor pressure was investigated to enhance the utility of hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP Xe) MRI. Xenon mixed with isobutene was hyperpolarized using a home‐built apparatus for continuously producing HP Xe. The isobutene was then readily liquefied and separated almost totally by continuous condensation at about 173 K, because the vapor pressure of isobutene (0.247 kPa) is much lower than that of Xe (157 kPa). Finally, the neat Xe gas was continuously delivered to mice by spontaneous inhalation. The HP Xe MRI was enhanced twofold in polarization level and threefold in signal intensity when isobutene was adopted as the quenching gas instead of N2. The usefulness of the HP Xe MRI was verified by application to pulmonary functional imaging of spontaneously breathing mice, where the parameters of fractional ventilation (ra) and gas exchange (fD) were evaluated, aiming at future extension to preclinical studies. This is the first application of isobutene as a quenching gas for HP Xe MRI.
Development of a refill pattern method to measure polypharmacy in administrative claims databases
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Kubilis Paul , Bussing Regina , Winterstein Almut G 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of the study were to develop a refill pattern method to identify polypharmacy in pharmacy billing records and to compare the method with traditional days' supply overlap algorithms.MethodsThis method is characterized by the assessment of prescription refill pattern. Concomitant therapy is assumed when two drugs are dispensed repeatedly during the active days' supply of each other. We tested the refill pattern method in a simplified scenario in which two drugs (methylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate and atomoxetine) for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were considered. Children who had at least one prescription of methylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate or atomoxetine in 2008 were included for the calculation of 2‐year prevalence of ADHD treatment polypharmacy. Results were compared with traditional method that requires a minimum overlap of 30, 60 or 90 days of filled prescriptions. We compared polypharmacy prevalence estimated by the two methods and explored reasons for disagreement.ResultsAmong 131 385 children who had at least one prescription of methylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate or atomoxetine, the refill pattern method identified 4021 patients who had ADHD treatment polypharmacy (2‐year prevalence = 3.1%). This prevalence estimate fell between those from a 30‐ to 60‐day overlap method. The Cohen's kappa regarding determination of polypharmacy was 0.83, 0.92 and 0.80 considering 90‐, 60‐ and 30‐day overlap method, respectively.ConclusionsThe refill pattern method can be used as another way to measure polypharmacy in administrative claims databases and can be adapted to a wide variety of research questions, diseases and study populations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miz1, a Novel Target of ING4, Can Drive Prostate Luminal Epithelial Cell Differentiation
Authors: Berger Penny L. , Winn Mary E. , Miranti Cindy K. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDHow prostate epithelial cells differentiate and how dysregulation of this process contributes to prostate tumorigenesis remain unclear. We recently identified a Myc target and chromatin reader protein, ING4, as a necessary component of human prostate luminal epithelial cell differentiation, which is often lost in primary prostate tumors. Furthermore, loss of ING4 in the context of oncogenic mutations is required for prostate tumorigenesis. Identifying the gene targets of ING4 can provide insight into how its loss disrupts differentiation and leads to prostate cancer.METHODSUsing a combination of RNA‐Seq, a best candidate approach, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we identified Miz1 as a new ING4 target. ING4 or Miz1 overexpression, shRNA knock‐down, and a Myc‐binding mutant were used in a human in vitro differentiation assay to assess the role of Miz1 in luminal cell differentiation.RESULTSING4 directly binds the Miz1 promoter and is required to induce Miz1 mRNA and protein expression during luminal cell differentiation. Miz1 mRNA was not induced in shING4 expressing cells or tumorigenic cells in which ING4 is not expressed. Miz1 dependency on ING4 was unique to differentiating luminal cells; Miz1 mRNA expression was not induced in basal cells. Although Miz1 is a direct target of ING4, and its overexpression can drive luminal cell differentiation, Miz1 was not required for differentiation.CONCLUSIONSMiz1 is a newly identified ING4‐induced target gene which can drive prostate luminal epithelial cell differentiation although it is not absolutely required. Prostate 77:49–59, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Packaging Systems for Extended Shelf Life Milk
Authors: Bertolini Massimo , Bottani Eleonora , Vignali Giuseppe , Volpi Andrea 
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the environmental impact of different packaging systems used for extended shelf life milk. The analysis, carried out exploiting the life cycle assessment approach, takes into account the packaging manufacturing process, the food packaging process, the transport phases and the end‐of‐life management of the different packaging systems. The packaging end‐of‐life is modelled by considering three possible options, such as recycling, thermo‐valorization with energy recovery and landfill. One litre of extended shelf life milk is used as the reference unit, while multilayer cartons, polyethylene terephthalate bottles labelled with shrink sleeve film and high‐density polyethylene bottles are analysed as the packaging types.The key characteristics of each component of the three packaging systems were either provided by packaging manufacturers or derived from data available in literature. The evaluation of the end‐of‐life impact was performed considering the Italian scenario, exploiting, in particular, the data provided by specific Italian consortia. Other data for the inventory analysis phase were extrapolated from the SimaPro databases (e.g. Ecoinvent or Plastic Europe Database). Cumulative energy demand and CML2001 were adopted as the impact assessment methods.The results obtained show that the multilayer carton system is the less environmentally impactful option for almost all the considered impact categories and that its environmental impacts are, on average, more than 12% lower than high‐density polyethylene system and more than 34% lower than polyethylene terephthalate with shrink sleeve label. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensor‐fault tolerance using robust MPC with set‐based state estimation and active fault isolation
Authors: Xu Feng , Olaru Sorin , Puig Vicenc , Ocampo‐Martinez Carlos , Niculescu Silviu‐Iulian 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a sensor fault‐tolerant control scheme using robust model predictive control (MPC) and set‐theoretic fault detection and isolation (FDI) is proposed. The robust MPC controller is used to control the plant in the presence of process disturbances and measurement noises while implementing a mechanism to tolerate faults. In the proposed scheme, fault detection (FD) is passive based on interval observers, while fault isolation (FI) is active by means of MPC and set manipulations. The basic idea is that for a healthy or faulty mode, one can construct the corresponding output set. The size and location of the output set can be manipulated by adjusting the size and center of the set of plant inputs. Furthermore, the inputs can be adjusted on‐line by changing the input‐constraint set of the MPC controller. In this way, one can design an input set able to separate all output sets corresponding to all considered healthy and faulty modes from each other. Consequently, all the considered healthy and faulty modes can be isolated after detecting a mode changing while preserving feasibility of MPC controller. As a case study, an electric circuit is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of multiple‐variable missing‐not‐at‐random survey data for child lead surveillance using NHANES
Authors: Roberts Eric M. , English Paul B. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAlthough ongoing, multi‐topic surveys form the basis of public health surveillance in many countries, their utility for specific subject matter areas can be limited by high proportions of missing data. For example, the National Health and Examination Survey is the main resource for surveillance of elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs) in US children, but key predictor variables are missing for as many as 35% of respondents.MethodsUsing a Bayesian framework, we formulate a t‐distributed Heckman selection model applicable to the case of multiple missing‐not‐at‐random variables in the context of a complex survey design. We demonstrate the utility of the results by calculating prevalence estimates for lead levels exceeding 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 µg/dL among children 1 to 5 years of age for a variety of time points and geographies by applying the coefficients to data from the American Community Survey from the US Census.ResultsWe present a protocol for estimating posterior distributions of parameters using Gibbs and grid sampling steps. Stark disparities in the prevalence of EBLL by race/ethnicity, age of housing, and poverty are readily quantified, and three‐ to five‐fold differences in predicted prevalence across geographies within the US are presented.ConclusionsWe are able to conduct multivariate analyses of EBLLs that incorporate the crucial variable age of housing, analyses that have not been previously available using these data. This represents an expansion of the utility of National Health and Examination Survey that is likely to be relevant to many similar ongoing, multi‐topic health surveillance efforts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of Manganese Dioxide by Dissolved Lithium in Liquid Ammonia for Li–Mn‐O Spinels
Authors: Xu Minwei , Zhang Yin , Que Wenxiu , Song Xiaoping , Zhou Chao , Yang Sen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpinel‐structured Li‐Mn−O compounds are considered as alternative cathode materials for high‐power lithium ion batteries, which are the ideal power source for the electric vehicles in the near future. However, synthesizing Li‐Mn−O spinels with good cycle performance is a difficult task. In this work, the lithium‐ammonia solution is used to perform the reduction of manganese dioxide (MnO2), which demonstrates a new reaction process for preparing Li‐Mn−O spinels. The whole processes for the formation of Li‐Mn−O spinels are proposed and the Li1.12Mn1.88O4 spinel, as an example, is easily achieved via a simple annealing process. Galvanostatic charge/discharge results indicate that the resulting Li1.12Mn1.88O4 spinel exhibits both of high capacity (∼105 mAhg−1 at 1C) and good cycling stability (500 cycles), even at the elevated temperature (∼55 °C). The present reaction conditions are interesting, especially, for preparing Li‐contained compounds, which can be extended for other cathode materials.
Negative Absorption Peaks in Ultraviolet–Visible Spectrum of Water
Authors: Ji Yan , Ji Zhi , Yao Meihuan , Qian Ying , Peng Yufeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUltraviolet‐visible absorption spectra exhibit absorption that is under the base line, which we propose is negative absorption (NA) or negative absorption emission (NAE). The UV‐visible NAE of water, ethanol, and chloroform was illustrated by transmittance curves, reflectivity curves, and fluorescence excitation/emission spectra. To explain this phenomenon, the TD_DFT theory was used to calculate the emission states of the samples. A laser transmission experiment confirmed the NAE phenomenon. It was concluded that NAE was a type of emission produced by the sample. The NAE of water has significant implications for life on earth, which will interest researchers in physics, chemistry, and biology.
Crystal Structures of New Lanthanide Hydroxybenzoates and Different Roles of LMCT State in the Excitation Energy Transfer to Eu3+ Ions
Authors: Zhuravlev Konstantin P. , Tsaryuk Vera I. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Gawryszewska Paula P. , Kudryashova Valentina A. , Klemenkova Zinaida S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA series of europium and terbium hydroxybenzoates [Eu(2‐OH‐Benz)3(H2O)] (1), [Eu(3‐OH‐Benz)3(H2O)3]2⋅2H2O (2), TbNa3(2‐OH‐Benz)3⋅3H2O (3), [Tb2(3‐OH‐Benz)6(H2O)4]⋅2H2O⋅0.5(3‐OH‐HBenz) (4), [Tb(4‐OH‐Benz)3]⋅H2O (5) has been prepared and investigated using X‐ray diffraction and luminescence spectroscopy. Two methoxysalicylates Ln2(2‐OH‐5‐OCH3‐Benz)3⋅6H2O (Ln=Eu, Tb) are also under consideration. A dimeric crystal structure of 2 and polymeric structures of 4 and 5 were first determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. Low‐energy ligand‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) states caused by a particular binding of the ligands with Ln3+ ion were identified in the europium compounds. Different roles of the LMCT states located under and above the lowest triplet state of the ligand in the excitation energy transfer in europium hydroxybenzoates are discussed. The lifetimes of 5D0 (Eu3+) and 5D4 (Tb3+) states at 77 K are consistent with the number of water molecules and other quenchers containing in the compounds. A qualitative correlation is observed between the luminescence brightness of hydroxybenzoates and an efficiency of nonradiative processes caused by the LMCT state and directly the multiphonon relaxation. Nonradiative processes due to the LMCT state are the most efficient at the location of this state lower the lowest triplet of 2‐hydroxybenzoate ligand in complex 1.
Influence of Structural Disorder on the Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+ Doped Red Phosphors: Ca2Y3‐xNb3O14: xEu3+
Authors: Sreena Ms. T. S. , Rao P. Prabhakar , Raj Ms. Athira K. V. , Babu Ms. Parvathi S 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEu3+ doped pyrochlore type red phosphors, Ca2Y3‐xNb3O14 were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction route. The Eu3+ incorporation induces structural disorder in the lattice reducing the pyrochlore D3d symmetry as evidenced by the diminishing of characteristic superlattice peak (111) in the XRD pattern and the absence of 5D0 ‐7F1 MD transition splitting. Rietveld refinement and Raman analysis corroborate the presence of Eu3+ ion on the B site for lower concentrations attributing to the structural disorder. The variation of Eu3+ ion coordination is further confirmed by the shift in the position of charge transfer band to a lower energy for higher concentrations. The preferential occupation of Eu3+ ions on the B site conduces a higher coordination more than VI with disordered environment allowing forced electric dipole transitions. The abrupt change of 5D0 ‐7F0 and 5D0 ‐7F2 life times at higher concentrations (x=1.25) further confirms the decrease in symmetry of Eu3+ ions to the pyrochlore D3d symmetry. These phosphors emit intense red light due to forbidden electric dipole transition with more Stark splitting indicating the low symmetry of Eu3+ ions in the host. The Judd‐Ofelt intensity parameters ΩJ supports the site symmetry and luminescence behavior of Eu3+ ions in the host. The disordered environment with special coordination of Eu3+ ions allows improved quantum efficiency (η=34 %) and CIE color coordinates (0.61, 0.38).
Donor‐Acceptor Substituted 2‐Phenylpyridines by Means of Reductive C,C–Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Triller Sebastian , Dittmann Tim , Bendig Mareike , Schnelle Jan , Friedmann Tom , Heck Jürgen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe preparation of 2‐phenylpyridines decorated with an electron donating and accepting unit, which are potentially suitable to induce second harmonic generation, was performed by means of reductive nickel catalyzed C,C‐cross coupling reaction, developed by Gosmini et. al. We were successful to obtain the desired 2‐phenylpyridines directly from donor‐functionalized arylhalides and acceptor‐modified 2‐halopyridines with a cheap and easy to prepare Ni catalyst. It turned out that even the presence of hydroxy groups and carboxylic acids are tolerated in this reaction, whereas in the case of a formyl group containing pyridine substrate no C,C‐coupled product was obtained. However, the coupling was successful when the formyl function was protected by an acetal formation.
International expansion through start‐up or acquisition: A replication
Authors: Tsang Eric W. K. , Yamanoi Junichi 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: We use a sample of Singapore firms to replicate Barkema and Vermeulen's (1998) study of international expansion through start‐ups or acquisitions by Dutch firms. We discover that the authors misinterpreted the regression coefficients for hypothesis testing and only two of their four hypotheses were actually tested. For these two hypotheses, one is not supported in either their study or ours, while the other is supported in their study but not ours. For the remaining two hypotheses we find support for one of them, which is concerned with the curvilinear effect of product diversity on the mode of expansion. In sum, the original study claims that all four hypotheses are supported, whereas only one is supported in the replication. More specifically, the former results, including the effects of the independent and control variables, are largely not generalizable to the latter.Managerial summary: Barkema and Vermeulen's (1998) study investigates the international expansion by Dutch firms during the period from 1966 to 1994. Their results indicate that whether a firm expands through setting up a greenfield operation or acquiring an existing operation is affected by the diversity of the firm's product lines, the diversity of the countries to which it has expanded, and how far the expansion is related to its existing business. We replicate their study using a sample of Singapore firms for the period from 1980 to 2000. Our results show only an effect of a firm's product diversity on its mode of international expansion. Our study clearly indicates the risk of drawing managerial implications from the results of a single study. More replication studies are needed for establishing a solid theoretical foundation to inform management decisions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of context and model choice on the determinants of strategic alliance formation: Evidence from a staged replication study
Authors: Ghosh Anindya , Ranganathan Ram , Rosenkopf Lori 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: Endogenous characteristics of alliance network structure have repeatedly been shown to predict future alliance ties in the strategic management literature. Specifically, the concepts and measures of relational, structural, and positional embeddedness (per Gulati and Gargiulo, 1999), as well as interdependence, are foundational for many studies. We explore these determinants of alliance formation by replicating the baseline analyses of Ahuja, Polidoro, and Mitchell's, 2009 SMJ article. We examine the impact of empirical choices with respect to time period, underlying data generating model, and industry by isolating each effect in turn. We demonstrate that while geographic similarity and product‐market similarity each robustly predict the interdependence effect, the effects of both technological similarity as well as the embeddedness predictors are sensitive to context and/or method.Managerial summary: Our examination of alliance formation in the chemical and semiconductor industries during the 1990s demonstrates how new alliances may be predicted by both the technical, geographic, and product‐market fit of potential partners as well as characteristics of each partner's previous network participation. Comparing our results to an earlier study, we find that geographic and product‐market similarity predict alliance formation across both industries and time frames while prior ties between partners predict alliance formation only when these industries are less mature. Other network participation indicators generate nuanced effects, which underscore the importance of quasi‐replications of alliance formation across industries and time periods in building evidence‐based management theories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.