bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bloodstream infections: a review of actionability, antibiotic use and patient outcome metrics
Authors: MacVane Shawn H , Dwivedi Hari P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a core function of the clinical microbiology laboratory and is critical to the management of patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) to facilitate optimal antibiotic therapy selection. Recent technological advances have resulted in several rapid methods for determining susceptibility direct from positive blood culture that can provide turnaround times in under 8 h, which is considerably shorter than conventional culture-based methods. As diagnostic results do not directly produce a medical intervention, actionability is a primary determinant of the effect these technologies have on antibiotic use and ultimately patient outcomes. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies consistently show that rapid AST significantly reduces time to results and improves antimicrobial therapy for patients with BSI across various methods, patient populations and organisms. To date, the clinical impact of rapid AST has been demonstrated in some observational studies, but randomized controlled trials have not been sufficiently powered to validate many of these findings. This article reviews various metrics that have been described in the literature to measure the impact of rapid AST on actionability, antibiotic exposure and patient outcomes, as well as highlighting how implementation and workflow processes can affect these metrics.
Blockade of the CCR3 receptor reduces neutrophil recruitment to the lung during acute inflammation
Authors: Lopez-Leal Fatima , Cabellos-Avelar Tecilli , Correa-Becerril Diego A , Juarez-Macias Brenda , Cervantes-Diaz Rodrigo , Reyes-Huerta Raul F , Juarez-Vega Guillermo , Gutierrez-Castaneda Daniel , Castro-Jimenez Tannya Karen , Bustos-Arriaga Jose , Maravillas-Montero Jose Luis , Perez-Lopez Araceli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neutrophils represent one of the host's first lines of defense against invading pathogens. However, an aberrant activation can cause damage to the host. In the case of respiratory infections with viral or bacterial pathogens, one of the most common complications is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which neutrophil infiltration into the lung is a hallmark. Neutrophils gain expression of chemokine receptors under inflammatory conditions, and their activation can amplify the neutrophil responses. Earlier studies showed that neutrophils recruited to the lung mucosa during bacterial infection upregulate expression of CCR3 and ex vivo stimulation of CCR3 results in an increased neutrophil activation. Therefore, the modulation of effector functions or migration of neutrophils to target sites through chemokine receptors constitutes an opportunity for pharmacological intervention. We aimed to determine whether the blockade of the CCR3 using the specific antagonist SB-328437 reduces neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in the lung in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury model and influenza infection in mice. We found that neutrophils acquire CCR3 expression in the lung alveolar space. The intraperitoneal administration of SB-328437 reduced neutrophil recruitment to the lung alveolar space and reduced tissue damage in both the LPS-induced lung injury model and influenza infection. Moreover, treatment with SB-328437 reduced the percentage of neutrophils producing TNFα and neutrophil activation in the alveolar space. Together, these data suggest that CCR3 blockade might be a pharmacological strategy to prevent the aberrant neutrophil activation that results detrimental for the host but preserves sufficient effector response to control the pathogen.
Chronic sleep deprivation induces erectile dysfunction through increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, and corporal fibrosis in a rat model
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Su Mingqin , Liu Guodong , Wu Xu , Feng Xingliang , Tang Dongdong , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Sleep is foundational for nocturnal erections, facilitating nutrient exchange and waste removal, which has brought widespread attention to the relationship between sleep and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, there is currently a lack of basic research confirming whether chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) leads to erectile impairment and its underlying pathological mechanisms.

Aim
The study sought to investigate whether CSD impairs erectile function in rats and the potential tissue damage it may cause in rats.

Methods
The modified multiple platform method was employed to induce CSD in 14 rats, randomly divided into a platform control group and a CSD group. After 3 weeks, erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure following cavernous nerve stimulation.

Outcomes
Arterial blood samples were then analyzed for testosterone levels, and cavernous tissues were processed for advanced molecular biology assays, including Western blotting and immunofluorescence.

Results
After inducing CSD, rats exhibited a marked reduction in erectile function, yet their serum testosterone levels remained statistically unchanged when compared with the control group. More importantly, rats in the CSD group exhibited a significant increase in oxidative stress levels, accompanied by low expression of HO-1 and high expression of NOX1 and NOX4. Subsequently, elevated oxidative stress induced increased apoptosis in smooth muscle and endothelial cells, as evidenced by significant decreases in CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin expression in the CSD group, demonstrated through Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Endothelial cell apoptosis led to a significant decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase, resulting in lowered levels of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which severely impaired the erectile mechanism. Additionally, activation of the transforming growth factor β1 fibrotic pathway led to increased levels of tissue fibrosis, resulting in irreversible damage to the penile tissue in the CSD group.

Clinical implications
Our study lacks further exploration of the molecular mechanisms linking CSD and ED, representing a future research focus for potential targeted therapies.

Strengths and limitations
Our findings demonstrated that CSD significantly impairs erectile function in rats.

Conclusion
CSD severely impairs erectile function in rats. When exposed to CSD, rats exhibit significantly elevated oxidative stress levels, which lead to increased tissue apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, and ultimately irreversible fibrotic changes in the tissues. Further researches into the potential molecular mechanisms are needed to identify possible therapeutic targets for ED related to CSD.
Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Interventions for Metabolic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Beretta Mileni Vanti , Flores Cíntia Aparecida Oliveira , Colameo Gabriella Fontes , Echabe Luana Weissheimer , Busnello Fernanda Michielin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Dietary interventions providing different amounts of carbohydrates have been proposed as a means of achieving glycemic control and weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the supporting evidence is heterogeneous, making this recommendation difficult to apply in nutritional clinical practice.

Objective
The aim was to assess the quality of evidence from meta-analyses on low-carbohydrate (LC) dietary interventions for glycemic control, weight loss, and lipid profile in individuals with T2DM.

Data Sources
The MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until September 2023.

Data Extraction
A systematic review was conducted. Systematic reviews with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials designed to assess glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reductions in individuals with T2DM were eligible. The AMSTAR-2 critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological aspects of all included studies. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Data Analysis
The LC interventions were associated with a reduction in HbA1c (%) of −0.42 (-1.45 to -0.09; high certainty of evidence) without considering follow-up time; at up to 3 months of follow-up of -0.28 (-0.13 to -0.43); at up to 6 months of follow-up of -0.40 (-0.61 to -0.09); at 6 to 12 months of follow-up of -0.32 (-0.49 to 0.11); and at &gt;12 months of follow-up time of -0.31 (-0.14 to -0.65) compared with control diets.

Conclusion
LC diets can help reduce HbA1c in individuals with T2DM in the short term (up to 3 months). However, dietary recommendations must always be individualized, as the studies reviewed herein analyzed different populations and used different definitions of what constitutes an LC diet.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO no. CRD42023404197.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Use for Dental-Related Infections in Dental Clinics Associated With an Academic Safety Net Institution
Authors: Deaney Michael A , Cooper Margaret M , Jenkins Timothy C , Meyers Kimberly A , Shihadeh Katherine C 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study found lower antibiotic prescribing rates by outpatient dentists than previous literature, but with deviations from guideline recommendations in antibiotic indications and durations of treatment for oral pain and swelling. These findings will guide future stewardship interventions to promote guideline-directed therapy plans.
Bingeing, Tolerance, and Withdrawal
Authors: Bishop Katie , Avena Nicole M. , Gearhardt Ashley N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In light of the obesity epidemic, the concept of “food addiction” has been questioned often in the media and more recently has become a major subject of interest in research. There are multiple criteria used to define something as being an addictive substance or behavior, but here we focus specifically on bingeing, tolerance, and withdrawal. This chapter reviews animal model and clinical evidence that supports the theory that highly processed foods (i.e., foods with refined carbohydrates and/or added fats) can cause changes in the brain that are similar to those seen in response to addictive drugs, and can induce signs of bingeing, tolerance, and withdrawal. In humans, reports of withdrawal are common, and measures of withdrawal from highly processed foods are associated with failed dietary attempts and higher body weights. Research on reward-related neural responses and taste preference adaptations in humans support the potential role of tolerance in response to highly processed food intake. This supports the position that highly processed foods can have addiction-like characteristics. Important future directions in this topic include understanding how experiences of withdrawal from highly processed food may contribute to dietary change failure, and how tolerance adaptations in response to highly processed food shape taste preferences, particularly for children.
Bright Circle
Authors: Fuller Randall 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In November 1839, a group of young women in Boston formed a conversation society “to answer the great questions” of special importance to women: “What are we born to do? How shall we do it?” Five of these women are at the center of Bright Circle, a group biography of remarkable thinkers and artists who played path-breaking roles in the transcendentalist movement. Transcendentalism remains the most important literary and philosophical movement to have originated in the United States. Only recently have scholars come to realize that it could not have been possible without a network of fiercely intelligent women who made substantial contributions to the new movement even as they found themselves silenced by their culturally assigned roles as women. Bright Circle reorients our understanding of transcendentalism and helps us to see the movement as far more collaborative than is commonly understood. In so doing, it recounts the lives of Mary Moody Emerson, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, Sophia Peabody Hawthorne, Lydia Jackson Emerson, and Margaret Fuller as they pushed their male counterparts to consider the rights of enslaved people of color and women and argued that social justice was not separable from philosophy or aesthetics. In examining these women, we learn that many ideas considered original to Emerson and Thoreau were first articulated by those who had little opportunity of publicly expressing them.
Introduction
Authors: Fuller Randall 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The five women who make up Bright Circle were brilliant, original, prodigiously talented. Each helped create transcendentalism. Each found in the movement a vision of the independent self that was enormously alluring. And each ultimately found that vision untenable, unsustainable—all but impossible for a woman living in the first half of the nineteenth century. Participating in Margaret Fuller’s famous Conversations, hosted in Elizabeth Palmer Peabody’s bookshop in Boston, they grappled with these ideas, questioned the values of their culture as well as their place in it, sharing the rich complications of their lives, the profound complexities of their existence.
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody at 13 West Street
Authors: Fuller Randall 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804–94) worked more than anyone else, male or female, to disseminate the new transcendentalist ideas. A cultural entrepreneur, Peabody deployed her prodigious energy to organize conversations for women, to transcribe the proceedings of the Transcendental Club, and to operate a transcendentalist bookstore in Boston that served as a conduit for new ideas from England and the Continent. Peabody coined the term “transcendentalism” to describe those new ideas. Gossipy, indiscreet, a celebrity in Boston, Peabody struggled throughout her life to align her powerful attraction to men and women with her culture’s understanding of propriety. And while her numerous writings never secured the same respect as those by others in her circle, her talent for bringing likeminded people together helped solidify transcendentalism into a recognizable movement.
Epilogue
Authors: Fuller Randall 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The epilogue traces the lives and afterlives of the Bright Circle in the years following Margaret Fuller’s tragic death in 1850. Fuller had become the first woman international correspondent and was living in Italy before her return to the U.S. News of her death rattled the lives of the other four women; each sought in her own way to fulfil the promise of Fuller’s Conversations. The epilogue concludes with a lecture at the end of the century recognizing Fuller as the true spirit of transcendentalism.
Reorganizing menstruation through work and time
Authors: Owen Lara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coexist was a social enterprise with over thirty employees running a large community hub in the centre of Bristol. The organization announced its intention to create the first menstrual workplace policy in the UK in 2016, a novelty that generated huge media interest. This chapter covers the eighteen-month period during which the author conducted ethnographic research into the development and implementation of the policy. The chapter explores why and how Coexist began the process of reimagining menstruation in the workplace, how the policy was developed, the combination of conflict and cooperation that led to its eventual consolidation, and the changes the policy brought to the organization as well as to the people making direct use of it. It also looks into the ways in which the policy became entangled with other agendas and outer forces. These included not only the media, but also the growing process of gentrification of the building and its area, which posed an existential threat to the organization. This threat and accompanying instability allowed for new ways of organizing, but also made the policy (and its users) vulnerable to being co-opted into the search for social and financial capital before they were ready.
Creating a feminist methodology for menstruation
Authors: Owen Lara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the development by the author of a feminist methodology for a long-silenced topic. Most often, feminist methodologies share certain core commitments instead of a specific method or set of methods that are associated with a related feminist onto-epistemology. For this research, a set of core feminist commitments was established early on. These were ‘withness’ and ‘witnessing’; stigma-sensitivity; courage; rigour; holism; and sustainability. The core commitments were applied at all stages of the research. In addition, a dual data analysis method was developed that included both affect and the actual words spoken, to take account of the paraverbal and affective dimensions of participant responses in interviews.
The enculturation problem
Authors: Metzinger Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ‘enculturation problem’ is the problem of how to integrate the psychedelic experience into culture and societal practice, in a way that is rational, evidence-based, and ethically convincing. In a first-order approximation, the enculturation problem can be framed as a problem for applied ethics and policy-making: How can the psychedelic experience be culturally integrated in a way that minimizes risks and maximizes benefits for society as a whole? Viewed in this way, the enculturation problem centrally involves harm reduction, technology assessment, and ethically informed innovation in the domain of legal regulation. This chapter examines various aspects of the problem in detail and offers some suggestions about how it might be solved. It argues that part of what is needed is the development of a genuine Bewussteinskultur, or ‘culture of consciousness’.
“Unworthy of Freedom”: Policing War Workers and Emancipation in the Courts-Martial
Authors: Lande Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter delves into the courts-martial trials of soldiers charged with desertion. Analysis affirms that the overriding goal of the military justice system was not justice—it was discipline. This applied to cases of deserters. Rather than questioning the loyalty of alleged deserters in the courts, judge advocates appointed to maintain discipline through military law treated men charged with desertion as workers who violated enlistment contracts. Officers sitting on the courts-martial adjudicated along these lines, and as such, they ignored men’s reasons for leaving. They determined guilt based upon whether a recruit knowingly enlisted and decamped. In these cases, white and Black soldiers were treated similarly. These cases, like all for Black soldiers, were remarkable, for Black men and women before the war could not expect justice or equal treatment in many American courtrooms. However, as dramatic as the cases were by comparison to cases involving African Americans before the war, because judge advocates and officers sitting in judgment did not account for Black southerners’ prior enslavement and that they ran to secure freedom, the courts-martial became inadvertently a space to control emancipation. Even if the courts were comparatively fair, they policed men trying to live freely.
Jologs Sublime
Authors: Gabrillo James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the book’s closing chapter, Manila’s musical-comedy-bar culture is conceptualized as a physical and symbolic manifestation of pop convergence. The comedy bar is a space of collective cultural participation where ideas and concepts developed throughout the book overlap and manifest through multi-layered performance. The entertainment industry’s pop convergences further render the concept of jologs sublime, as performance texts play on the self-conscious entanglement of aesthetics, spectacle, and overstatement in order to deliver multimedia commodities that consistently appear and sound novel. Here the jologs sublime is harnessed and put forward as appropriate analytical lens to comprehend the complex multimedia texts of Philippine popular culture at the turn of the century. The chapter opens with an exploration of the musical spectacle on the new millennium youth film Jologs as framework for the conveyance of the jologs concept, nodding to some of the principal aesthetic and contextual tropes examined across the book’s chapters.
Faith, Family, and Work
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many employees experience significant work-family tension, and this tension may be exacerbated by one’s religiosity and gender. Highly religious workers are more likely than their less religious counterparts to be partnered and to have children at home, resulting in higher levels of work-family conflict. Work-family conflict is also more prevalent for women than for men, but as men’s roles in the family change, balancing work and family is becoming increasingly challenging for them as well. Religious communities are sometimes a resource and support for workers, but at other times exacerbate experiences of work-life conflict, especially for working women. Leaders of faith communities should consider ways they can provide tangible support to working parents, particularly by communicating the value of women who work and of men who contribute to household and childcare responsibilities.
The Power of Play
Authors: Lesser Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter outlines the framework of the text and its purpose as it relates to individual readers with various musical backgrounds. It continues with a discussion of why digital games can be an effective tool for learning and development, such as cognitive development, engagement, scaffolding, and social-emotional learning, along with how games can relate to National Core Arts Standards. This is further explained by connecting digital games to current curriculum frameworks of technology in music education, such as Triple E, SAMR, and TPACK. The chapter concludes with an outline of how digital game-based learning can be applied to influential music education pedagogies.
Antidemocratic Publics
Authors: Waisbord Silvio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that January 6th not only reveals the centrality of digital organizing for contemporary U.S. right-wing politics, but it also complicates early arguments about the consequences of digital politics. January 6th demonstrates the significance of digital organizing in right-wing populism and antidemocratic publics and raises questions about comparative aspects of digital mobilization among different ideological movements. The political implications of digital organizing cannot be predicated simply on the basis of participation; the goals and the tactics of organized publics determine (anti)democratic components and consequences.
Applied Ariosto
Authors: Harness Kelley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Approximately 250 noblemen participated in the Florentine horse ballets during the seventeenth century. They represented many of the city’s principal families, as well as families from outside Tuscany. This chapter focuses on the demographic make-up of this group, specifically their ages, nationalities, positions held at court, membership in the Order of Santo Stefano, and the noble titles they held or aspired to. In the case of the seven riders bearing Spanish surnames, the invitation to participate in a Medici horse ballet helped cement their status as naturalized Florentine citizens. For all riders, participation in one or more horse ballets—which required both horsemanship and ability at arms—confirmed their possession of knightly skills while also demonstrating and maintaining their alliances with other noble families and the ruling Medici grand dukes. Riders brought honor to their families through their public performances of male nobility.