bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b
Authors: Tung Eric L. , McTaggart Ryan A. , Baird Grayson L. , Yaghi Shadi , Hemendinger Morgan , Dibiasio Eleanor L. , Hidlay Douglas T. , Tung Glenn A. , Jayaraman Mahesh V. 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
Within the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) classification, TICI 2b has been historically considered successful recanalization. Recent studies have suggested that TICI 3 and a proposed TICI 2c should be separately reported from TICI 2b, in both the original (>66% reperfusion) and modified (>50% reperfusion) definitions, because of differences in clinical outcomes with greater reperfusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in early neurological improvement and independence at 90 days using the original TICI, modified TICI, and modified TICI with 2c scales.

Methods—
A retrospective review of 129 consecutive patients with middle cerebral artery, M1 segment or intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions. Patient angiograms were graded by 2 experienced readers by percentage recanalization. This was then categorized into original TICI, modified TICI (mTICI), and mTICI with TICI 2c (mTICI 2c) grading scales. Comparison of baseline demographics, early neurological improvement, and independence at 90 days was performed.

Results—

A significant difference in early neurological improvement was observed between 2b and 3 (
P
=0.032), as well as between 2b and 2c (
P
=0.028) under the mTICI 2c grading scale. Similarly, a significant difference in functional independence was observed between 2b and 3 (
P
=0.037), as well as between 2b and 2c (
P
=0.047) under the mTICI 2c scale. The difference in early neurological improvement or functional independence between 2b and 3 for the original TICI and mTICI scales was not significant. When combining the 2c and 3 groups under the mTICI 2c scale, there were significant differences between 2b and 2c/3 in regards to both early neurological improvement (
P
=0.011) and independence (
P
=0.018).

Conclusions—
Using a TICI grading system that includes an additional category beyond TICI 2b allows for refined prediction of early neurological improvement and functional independence.
Permeability Surface of Deep Middle Cerebral Artery Territory on Computed Tomographic Perfusion Predicts Hemorrhagic Transformation After Stroke
Authors: Li Qiao , Gao Xinyi , Yao Zhenwei , Feng Xiaoyuan , He Huijin , Xue Jing , Gao Peiyi , Yang Lumeng , Cheng Xin , Chen Weijian , Yang Yunjun 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
Permeability surface (PS) on computed tomographic perfusion reflects blood–brain barrier permeability and is related to hemorrhagic transformation (HT). HT of deep middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory can occur after recanalization of proximal large-vessel occlusion. We aimed to determine the relationship between HT and PS of deep MCA territory.

Methods—
We retrospectively reviewed 70 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients presenting with occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery or M1 segment of the MCA. All patients underwent computed tomographic perfusion within 6 hours after symptom onset. Computed tomographic perfusion data were postprocessed to generate maps of different perfusion parameters. Risk factors were identified for increased deep MCA territory PS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal PS threshold to predict HT of deep MCA territory.

Results—

Increased PS was associated with HT of deep MCA territory. After adjustments for age, sex, onset time to computed tomographic perfusion, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, poor collateral status (odds ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.67–37.14;
P
=0.009) and proximal MCA-M1 occlusion (odds ratio, 4.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–16.52;
P
=0.045) were independently associated with increased deep MCA territory PS. Relative PS most accurately predicted HT of deep MCA territory (area under curve, 0.94; optimal threshold, 2.89).

Conclusions—
Increased PS can predict HT of deep MCA territory after recanalization therapy for cerebral proximal large-vessel occlusion. Proximal MCA-M1 complete occlusion and distal internal carotid artery occlusion in conjunction with poor collaterals elevate deep MCA territory PS.
Sufentanil–medetomidine anaesthesia compared with fentanyl/fluanisone–midazolam is associated with fewer ventricular arrhythmias and death during experimental myocardial infarction in rats and limits infarct size following reperfusion
Authors: ter Horst Ellis N , Krijnen Paul A J , Flecknell Paul , Meyer Klaas W , Kramer Klaas , van der Laan Anja M , Piek Jan J , Niessen Hans W M 
Published: August 2017

To improve infarct healing following myocardial infarction in humans, therapeutic interventions can be applied during the inflammatory response. Animal models are widely used to study this process. However, induction of MI in rodents is associated with high mortality due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) during coronary artery ligation. The anaesthetic agent used during the procedure appears to influence the frequency of this complication. In this retrospective study, the effect on ventricular arrhythmia incidence during ligation and infarct size following in vivo reperfusion of two anaesthetic regimens, sufentanil–medetomidine (SM) and fentanyl/fluanisone–midazolam (FFM) was evaluated in rats. Anaesthetics were administered subcutaneously using fentanyl/fluanisone (0.5 mL/kg) with midazolam (5 mg/kg) (FFM group, n = 48) or sufentanil (0.05 mg/kg) with medetomidine (0.15 mg/kg) (SM group, n = 47). The coronary artery was ligated for 40 min to induce MI. Heart rate and ventricular arrhythmias were recorded during ligation, and infarct size was measured via histochemistry after three days of reperfusion. In the SM group, heart rate and VF incidence were lower throughout the experiment compared with the FFM group (6% versus 30%) ( P < 0.01). Fatal VF did not occur in the SM group whereas this occurred in 25% of the animals in the FFM group. Additionally, after three days of reperfusion, the infarcted area following SM anaesthesia was less than half as large as that following FFM anaesthesia (8.5 ± 6.4% versus 20.7 ± 5.6%) ( P < 0.01). Therefore, to minimize the possibility of complications related to VF and acute death arising during ligation, SM anaesthesia is recommended for experimental MI in rats.
Parenteral product error detection before and after implementation of intravenous workflow management technology
Authors: Wright Kelly R , Dekarske Brian , Clark John S , Chaffee Bruce W 
Published: August 2017

Objective To assess the difference in pharmacy error detection rates when using a manual process compared to an intravenous workflow management system for the preparation of parenteral medications. Methods Baseline error data were collected by staff using a standard form over a four-day time period before intravenous workflow management system implementation and compared to 48 weeks of electronically collected data following implementation. The chi-square test was used for statistical comparisons. Results The ability to detect an error during the intravenous preparation process increased immediately following implementation, but this difference was not sustained and was not statistically different when the entire post-implementation time period was compared to the baseline sample. The most prevalent errors at baseline were wrong drug amount (36.4%) and wrong base solution (22.7%). Post-implementation product expiration (26.1%), wrong diluent or base (17.9%), and wrong drug amount (19.2%) were the most prevalent errors. Barcode scanning technology detected 60% of the errors during the post-implementation period. A decrease in error detection over time was observed post-implementation and was attributed to corrections and additions to the intravenous workflow management library and better prospective identification of potential errors by staff as they adjusted to the system. The use of serial imaging enabled pharmacists to detect errors prospectively, which may have previously been undetected using the traditional intravenous preparation process. Conclusion The implementation of intravenous workflow management technology was unable to detect a statistically significant greater percentage of sterile product preparation errors compared with the baseline time period. Statistical significance was achieved during three of the first four months following implementation ( P < 0.05); however, this statistically significant increase was not maintained when the entire post-implementation sample was included.
Chronic changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and related receptors in response to repeated chemical dural stimulation in rats
Authors: Han Xun , Ran Ye , Su Min , Liu Yinglu , Tang Wenjing , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: August 2017

Background Preclinical experimental studies revealed an acute alteration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in response to a single activation of the trigeminovascular system, which suggests a potential role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the pathogenesis of migraine. However, changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide after repeated migraine-like attacks in chronic migraine are not clear. Therefore, the present study investigated chronic changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and related receptors in response to repeated chemical dural stimulations in the rat. Methods A rat model of chronic migraine was established by repeated chemical dural stimulations using an inflammatory soup for a different numbers of days. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide levels were quantified in plasma, the trigeminal ganglia, and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis using radioimmunoassay and Western blotting in trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal nucleus caudalis tissues. Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-related receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2) in the trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal nucleus caudalis to identify changes associated with repetitive applications of chemical dural stimulations. Results All rats exhibited significantly decreased periorbital nociceptive thresholds to repeated inflammatory soup stimulations. Radioimmunoassay and Western blot analysis demonstrated significantly decreased pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide levels in plasma and trigeminal ganglia after repetitive chronic inflammatory soup stimulation. Protein and mRNA analyses of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-related receptors demonstrated significantly increased PAC1 receptor protein and mRNA expression in the trigeminal ganglia, but not in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and no significant differences were found in the expression of the VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. Conclusions This study demonstrated the chronic alteration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and related receptors in response to repeated chemical dural stimulation in the rat, which suggests the crucial involvement of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the development of migraine. The selective increase in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-related receptors suggests that the PAC1 receptor pathway is a novel target for the treatment of migraine.
Rare-earth crystal chemistry of thalénite-(Y) from different environments
Authors: Raschke Markus B. , Anderson Evan J. D. , Van Fosson Jason , Allaz Julien M. , Smyth Joseph R. , Škoda Radek , Persson Philip M. , Becker Randy 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThalénite-(Y), ideally Y3Si3O10F, is a heavy-rare-earth-rich silicate phase occurring in granite pegmatites that may help to illustrate rare-earth element (REE) chemistry and behaviour in natural systems. The crystal structure and mineral chemistry of thalénite-(Y) were analysed by electron microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy from a new locality in the peralkaline granite of the Golden Horn batholith, Okanogan County, Washington State, USA, in comparison with new analyses from the White Cloud pegmatite in the Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado, USA. The Golden Horn thalénite-(Y) occurs as late-stage sub-millimetre euhedral bladed transparent crystals in small miarolitic cavities in an arfvedsonite-bearing biotite granite. It exhibits growth zoning with distinct heavy-rare-earth element (HREE) vs. light-rare-earth element (LREE) enriched zones. The White Cloud thalénite-(Y) occurs in two distinct anhedral and botryoidal crystal habits of mostly homogenous composition. In addition, minor secondary thalénite-(Y) is recognized by its distinct Yb-rich composition (up to 0.8 atoms per formula unit (apfu) Yb). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and structure refinement reveals Y-site ordering with preferential HREE occupation of Y2 vs. Y1 and Y3 REE sites. Chondrite normalization shows continuous enrichment of HREE in White Cloud thalénite-(Y), in contrast to Golden Horn thalénite-(Y) with a slight depletion of the heaviest REE (Tm, Yb and Lu). The results suggest a hydrothermal origin of the Golden Horn miarolitic thalénite-(Y), compared to a combination of both primary magmatic followed by hydrothermal processes responsible for the multiple generations over a range of spatial scales in White Cloud thalénite-(Y).
Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides: 4. Crystal structures and evolution of structural complexity of quintinite polytypes from the Kovdor alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Kola peninsula, Russia
Authors: Zhitova Elena S. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Yakovenchuk Viktor N. , Ivanyuk Gregory Yu. , Pakhomovsky Yakov A. , Mikhailova Julia A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo quintinite polytypes, 3Rand 2T, which are new for the Kovdor alkaline-ultrabasic complex, have been structurally characterized. The crystal structure of quintinite-2Twas solved by direct methods and refined toR1= 0.048 on the basis of 330 unique reflections. The structure is trigonal,P$\bar 3$c1,a= 5.2720(6),c= 15.113(3) Å andV= 363.76(8) Å3. The crystal structure consists of [Mg2Al(OH)6]+brucite-type layers with an ordered distribution of Mg2+and Al3+cations according to the$\sqrt 3 $×$\sqrt 3 $superstructure with the layers stacked according to a hexagonal type. The complete layer stacking sequence can be described as …=Ab1C = Cb1A=…. The crystal structure of quintinite-3Rwas solved by direct methods and refined toR1= 0.022 on the basis of 140 unique reflections. It is trigonal,R$\bar 3$m,a= 3.063(1),c= 22.674(9) Å andV= 184.2(1) Å3. The crystal structure is based upon double hydroxide layers [M2+,3+(OH)2] with disordered distribution of Mg, Al and Fe and with the layers stacked according to a rhombohedral type. The stacking sequence of layers can be expressed as …=АB = BC = CA=… The study of morphologically different quintinite generations grown on one another detected the following natural sequence of polytype formation: 2H→ 2T→ 1Mthat can be attributed to a decrease of temperature during crystallization. According to the information-based approach to structural complexity, this sequence corresponds to the increasing structural information per atom (IG): 1.522 → 1.706 → 2.440 bits, respectively. As theIGvalue contributes negatively to the configurational entropy of crystalline solids, the evolution of polytypic modifications during crystallization corresponds to the decreasing configurational entropy. This is in agreement with the general principle that decreasing temperature corresponds to the appearance of more complex structures.
Clinical Factors That Affect the Establishment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenografts: A University of California, Los Angeles, Sarcoma Program Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Russell Tara A. , Eckardt Mark A. , Murakami Takashi , Elliott Irmina A. , Kawaguchi Kei , Kiyuna Tasuku , Igarashi Kentaro , Li Yungfeng , Crompton Joseph G. , Graham Danielle S. , Dry Sarah M. , Bernthal Nicholas , Yanagawa Jane , Kalbasi Anusha , Federman Noah , Chmielowski Bartosz , Singh Arun S. , Hoffman Robert M. , Eilber Fritz C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Given the diverse and aggressive nature of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), a need exists for more-precise therapy. Patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs) provide a unique platform for personalized treatment. Thus, identification of patient and treatment factors that predict PDOX establishment is important. This study assessed the feasibility of incorporating PDOXs into the clinical setting and identifying factors associated with PDOX establishment. Patients and Methods From May 2015 to May 2016, 107 patients with biopsy-proven or potential STS were enrolled. Tumor samples were obtained intraoperatively and orthotopically implanted into nude mice in the corresponding anatomic location. PDOXs were considered established after engraftment and serial passage. Factors associated with establishment were analyzed by logistic regression and time to establishment by time-to-event analysis. Results Only high-grade tumors established (32 of 72 [44.4%]). The establishment rate (ER) varied by neoadjuvant therapy and treatment response, with the highest ER among untreated high-grade tumors (26 of 42 [61.9%]). Tumors exposed to radiation preoperatively did not establish (zero of 11 [0%]), and tumors exposed to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a lower ER (31.9%) than untreated tumors. Only STSs with minimal pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment (≤ 30%) established a PDOX (six of 18 [33.3%]). Median establishment time was 54 days, which varied by neoadjuvant therapy but was not statistically significant ( P = .180). Conclusion To our knowledge, in the largest STS PDOX study to date, we demonstrate a 62% ER among untreated high-grade tumors with a median establishment time of 54 days. Neoadjuvant therapy, particularly radiation, and pathologic response to treatment were associated with a reduced rate of PDOX establishment.
Lévy-driven Polling Systems and Continuous-State Branching Processes
Authors: Boxma Onno , Ivanovs Jevgenijs , Kosiński Kamil , Mandjes Michel 
Published: August 2017

In this paper we consider a ring of N ≥ 1 queues served by a single server in a cyclic order. After having served a queue (according to a service discipline that may vary from queue to queue), there is a switch-over period and then the server serves the next queue and so forth. This model is known in the literature as a polling model. Each of the queues is fed by a non-decreasing Lévy process, which can be different during each of the consecutive periods within the server’s cycle. The N-dimensional Lévy processes obtained in this fashion are described by their (joint) Laplace exponent, thus allowing for non-independent input streams. For such a system we derive the steady-state distribution of the joint workload at embedded epochs, i.e. polling and switching instants. Using the Kella-Whitt martingale, we also derive the steady-state distribution at an arbitrary epoch. Our analysis heavily relies on establishing a link between fluid (Lévy input) polling systems and multi-type Jiřina processes (continuous-state discrete-time branching processes). This is done by properly defining the notion of the branching property for a discipline, which can be traced back to Fuhrmann and Resing. This definition is broad enough to contain the most important service disciplines, like exhaustive and gated.
Distributed user Profiling via Spectral Methods
Authors: Tomozei Dan-Cristian , Massoulié Laurent 
Published: August 2017

User profiling is a useful primitive for constructing personalised services, such as content recommendation. In the present paper we investigate the feasibility of user profiling in a distributed setting, with no central authority and only local information exchanges between users. We compute a profile vector for each user (i.e., a low-dimensional vector that characterises her taste) via spectral transformation of observed user-produced ratings for items. Our two main contributions follow: (i) We consider a low-rank probabilistic model of user taste. More specifically, we consider that users and items are partitioned in a constant number of classes, such that users and items within the same class are statistically identical. We prove that without prior knowledge of the compositions of the classes, based solely on few random observed ratings (namely O(N log N) such ratings for N users), we can predict user preference with high probability for unrated items by running a local vote among users with similar profile vectors. In addition, we provide empirical evaluations characterising the way in which spectral profiling performance depends on the dimension of the profile space. Such evaluations are performed on a data set of real user ratings provided by Netflix. (ii) We develop distributed algorithms which provably achieve an embedding of users into a low-dimensional space, based on spectral transformation. These involve simple message passing among users, and provably converge to the desired embedding. Our method essentially relies on a novel combination of gossiping and the algorithm proposed by Oja and Karhunen.
Tightness of Invariant Distributions of a Large-scale Flexible Service System Under a Priority Discipline
Authors: Stolyar Alexander L. , Yudovina Elena 
Published: August 2017

We consider large-scale service systems with multiple customer classes and multiple server pools; interarrival and service times are exponentially distributed, and mean service times depend both on the customer class and server pool. It is assumed that the allowed activities (routing choices) form a tree (in the graph with vertices being both customer classes and server pools). We study the behavior of the system under a Leaf Activity Priority (LAP) policy, which assigns static priorities to the activities in the order of sequential “elimination” of the tree leaves. We consider the scaling limit of the system as the arrival rate of customers and number of servers in each pool tend to infinity in proportion to a scaling parameter r, while the overall system load remains strictly subcritical. Indexing the systems by parameter r, we show that (a) the system under LAP discipline is stochastically stable for all sufficiently large r and (b) the family of the invariant distributions is tight on scales [Formula: see text] for all ε > 0. (More precisely, the sequence of invariant distributions, centered at the equilibrium point and scaled down by [Formula: see text], is tight.)