bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast NMR diffusion measurements exploiting chirp spin echoes
Authors: Ahola Susanna , Mankinen Otto , Telkki Ville‐Veikko 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStandard diffusion NMR measurements require the repetition of the experiment multiple times with varying gradient strength or diffusion delay. This makes the experiment time‐consuming and restricts the use of hyperpolarized substances to boost sensitivity. We propose a novel single‐scan diffusion experiment, which is based on spatial encoding of two‐dimensional data, employing the spin‐echoes created by two successive adiabatic frequency‐swept chirp π pulses. The experiment is called ultrafast pulsed‐field‐gradient spin‐echo (UF‐PGSE). We present a rigorous derivation of the echo amplitude in the UF‐PGSE experiment, justifying the theoretical basis of the method. The theory reveals also that the standard analysis of experimental data leads to a diffusion coefficient value overestimated by a few per cent. Although the overestimation is of the order of experimental error and thus insignificant in many practical applications, we propose that it can be compensated by a bipolar gradient version of the experiment, UF‐BP‐PGSE, or by corresponding stimulated‐echo experiment, UF‐BP‐pulsed‐field‐gradient stimulated‐echo. The latter also removes the effect of uniform background gradients. The experiments offer significant prospects for monitoring fast processes in real time as well as for increasing the sensitivity of experiments by several orders of magnitude by nuclear spin hyperpolarization. Furthermore, they can be applied as basic blocks in various ultrafast multidimensional Laplace NMR experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanomyographic responses during recruitment curves in the soleus muscle
Authors: Miramonti Amelia A. , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Oza Preeti D. , Weir Joseph P. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we examined relationships among mechanomyographic (MMG), electromyographic (EMG), and peak twitch torque (PTT) responses as well as test–retest reliability when recorded during recruitment curves in the soleus muscle.MethodsPTT, EMG (M‐wave, H‐reflex), and MMG responses were recorded during recruitment curves in 16 subjects (age 24 ± 2 years) on 2 separate days. The sum of the M‐wave and H‐reflex (M+H) was calculated. Correlations among variables and test–retest reliability were determined.ResultsMMG was correlated with PTT (mean r = 0.93, range r = 0.59–0.99), the M‐wave (0.95, 0.04–0.98), and M+H (0.91, 0.42–0.97), but was unrelated to the H‐reflex (–0.06, –0.56 to 0.47). Reliability was consistently high among most variables, but normalizing to the maximum value improved MMG reliability and the minimum detectable change.ConclusionMMG responses predicted 86%–90% of the variability in PTT, M‐wave, and M+H; thus, MMG may be a useful alternative for estimating twitch torque and maximal activation. Muscle Nerve 56: 107–116, 2017.
Warum der Tropfen nicht hält
Authors: Paven Maxime , Steffen Werner , Vollmer Doris , Butt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKeine Regentropfen mehr auf Brillengläsern und Autoscheiben, Flüssigkeitsbehälter lassen sich rückstandsfrei leeren – Oberflächen, von denen Flüssigkeiten abperlen, sind praktisch. Welche Oberflächen gibt es schon heute, wofür können sie genutzt werden und welche Prinzipien stecken dahinter?
Mit organischen Substanzen hemmen
Authors: Berg Thorsten 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInteraktionen zwischen Proteinen steuern die meisten biologischen Prozesse. Diese Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen mit organischen Molekülen zu modulieren, eröffnet vielfältige Möglichkeiten, Proteinfunktionen zu untersuchen und menschliche Krankheiten zu behandeln.
Vesikel aus Polymeren
Authors: Einfalt Tomaz , Goers Roland , Gaitzsch Jens , Gunkel‐Grabole Gesine , Schoenenberger Cora‐Ann , Palivan Cornelia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAus Blockcopolymeren lassen sich katalytische Nanokompartimente herstellen, etwa Vesikel. Diese mikro‐ oder nanometergroßen Strukturen imitieren in Zellen Organellen. Das macht sie interessant für medizinische Zwecke, denn in Vesikeln lassen sich Moleküle einlagern und in der Zelle wieder freisetzen.
Souverän auf der Jobmesse
Authors: Gajda Alina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractJobmessen bieten die ideale Möglichkeit, persönliche Kontakte zu knüpfen und sich bei Unternehmen über Einstiegschancen zu informieren. Hier lässt sich herausfinden, welches Unternehmen zu Ihnen passt, ob eine Stelle die Richtige für Sie ist oder wie ein Unternehmen und seine Mitarbeiter auftreten.
Stelle, Stipendium oder Stütze
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWerden Chemiedoktoranden an deutschen Unis anständig bezahlt? Oder hangeln sie sich von einem Sechsmonatsvertrag zum nächsten? Ist es eine Ausnahme, dass die Stelle oder das Stipendium bereits ausgelaufen ist und Doktoranden ihre Promotion „auf Arbeitslosengeld oder Hartz IV“ beenden oder ist das inzwischen die Regel? Müssen sie nebenher kellnern, um über die Runden zu kommen? Um diese Fragen zu klären, initiierte der GDCh‐Karriereservice die erste GDCh‐Doktorandenumfrage, unterstützt von der Abteilung Internet und Kommunikation. Die Online‐Umfrage lief vom 31. Mai bis 30. Juni 2016. Alle Daten wurden anonym erhoben.
Galmei: Autobahngold, Saxophon und Veilchen
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGalmei ist ein berg‐ und hüttenmännischer Begriff für schwefelfreie Zinkerze. Das Dreiländereck zwischen Belgien, den Niederlanden und Deutschland war lange Zeit eine Hochburg bei der Galmeigewinnung und ‐verarbeitung zu Messing.
Spatial variability and reproducibility of GABA‐edited MEGA‐LASER 3D‐MRSI in the brain at 3 T
Authors: Hnilicová Petra , Považan Michal , Strasser Bernhard , Andronesi Ovidiu C. , Gajdošík Martin , Dydak Ulrike , Ukropec Jozef , Dobrota Dušan , Trattnig Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2016

The reproducibility of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) quantification results, obtained with MRSI, was determined on a 3 T MR scanner in healthy adults. In this study, a spiral‐encoded, GABA‐edited, MEGA‐LASER MRSI sequence with real‐time motion–scanner‐instability corrections was applied for robust 3D mapping of neurotransmitters in the brain. In particular, the GABA+ (i.e. GABA plus macromolecule contamination) and Glx (i.e. glutamate plus glutamine contamination) signal was measured. This sequence enables 3D‐MRSI with about 3 cm3 nominal resolution in about 20 min. Since reliable quantification of GABA is challenging, the spatial distribution of the inter‐subject and intra‐subject variability of GABA+ and Glx levels was studied via test–retest assessment in 14 healthy volunteers (seven men–seven women).For both inter‐subject and intra‐subject repeated measurement sessions a low coefficient of variation (CV) and a high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were found for GABA+ and Glx ratios across all evaluated voxels (intra−/inter‐subject: GABA+ ratios, CV ~ 8%–ICC > 0.75; Glx ratios, CV ~ 6%–ICC > 0.70). The same was found in selected brain regions for Glx ratios versus GABA+ ratios (CV varied from about 5% versus about 8% in occipital and parietal regions, to about 8% versus about 10% in the frontal area, thalamus, and basal ganglia).These results provide evidence that 3D mapping of GABA+ and Glx using the described methodology provides high reproducibility for application in clinical and neuroscientific studies.
Direct Assembly of Prenylated Heteroarenes through a Cascade Minisci Reaction/Dehydration Sequence
Authors: Tan Dong‐Hang , Zeng Yao‐Fu , Liu Yao , Lv Wen‐Xin , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe prenyl group is an important component in bioactive compounds. Herein, we report the assembly of prenylated heteroarenes through a cascade Minisci reaction and acid‐promoted dehydration sequence. The use of potassium (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐1‐yl)trifluoroborate as a new coupling reagent allows the direct introduction of prenyl and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutyl groups to a wide variety of electron‐deficient heteroarenes. Synthetic application is also demonstrated.
Neuropsychiatric aspects of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: considerations in the prenatal setting
Authors: Bassett Anne S. , Costain Gregory , Marshall Christian R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMost major neuropsychiatric outcomes of concern to families are not detectable by prenatal ultrasound. The introduction of genome‐wide chromosomal microarray analysis to prenatal clinical diagnostic testing has increased the detection of pathogenic 22q11.2 deletions, which cause the most common genomic disorder. The recent addition of this and other microdeletions to non‐invasive prenatal screening methods using cell‐free fetal DNA has further propelled interest in outcomes. Conditions associated with 22q11.2 deletions include intellect ranging from intellectual disability to average, schizophrenia and other treatable psychiatric conditions, epilepsy, and early‐onset Parkinson's disease. However, there is currently no way to predict how severe the lifetime expression will be. Available evidence suggests no major role in these neuropsychiatric outcomes for the congenital cardiac or most other structural anomalies that may be detectable on ultrasound. This article provides an outline of the lifetime neuropsychiatric phenotype of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome that will be useful to clinicians involved in prenatal diagnosis and related genetic counselling. The focus is on information that will be most relevant to two common situations: detection of a 22q11.2 deletion in a fetus or newborn, and new diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a parent without a previous molecular diagnosis. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggregation‐induced emission active 3,6‐bis(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)carbazole and bis(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)amine‐based poly(acrylates) for explosive detection
Authors: Chua Ming Hui , Zhou Hui , Lin Ting Ting , Wu Jishan , Xu Jian Wei 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTFour novel aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active poly(acrylates), in which AIE‐active luminogens 3,6‐bis(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)carbazole (BTPC) and bis(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)amine (BTPPA) were linked to the polymer backbone via a flexible alkyl chain, were synthesized in high yields. Spectrofluorometric analysis of polymer nano‐aggregates in tetrahydrofuran/water revealed that PTPPA‐based polymers gave more sensitive fluorescence response to nitro‐aromatics including 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene than BTPC‐based polymers. Paper probes were also fabricated for solid‐state detection of explosives. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 672–681
Low‐temperature processing of polymer nanoparticles for bioactive composites
Authors: Li Xiang , Xu Jie , Wang Dan , Sha Ye , Chen Wei , Zhou Dongshan , Wang Xiaoliang , Sun Qing , Xue Gi , Li Linling 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTUtilizing an ingenious control over the enhanced segmental mobility of polymer chains, we proposed a novel low‐temperature processing strategy for polymeric materials, where the materials were processed substantially below their normal glass transition temperature. This state of art was achieved by the combination of the confinement effects and the stress‐induced effects on polymer nanoparticles. This method proved to be universal for various polymer systems, that is, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene oxide. Compared with the traditional high‐temperature processing, the low‐temperature processing efficiently avoids thermal degradation, and the processed polymer maintains moderate mechanical properties. In addition, this approach provides a straightforward method for the preparation of heat‐labile bioactive polymer composites without biological surface modification. The prepared lysozyme/polystyrene composite exhibits excellent bactericidal activity and striking sustained release characteristics. This facile, universal and energy‐saving low‐temperature processing strategy is expected to open avenues toward expanding manufacturing methodology and the applications of polymeric materials, especially for bioactive composites, where conventional high‐temperature processing is not applicable. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2514–2520
A descriptive survey of cancer helplines in the United Kingdom: Who they are, the services offered, and the accessibility of those services
Authors: Leydon Geraldine M. , Stuart Beth , Danquah Lisa , Ekberg Katie , Brindle Lucy , Latter Sue , Moynihan Clare , Salmon Peter , Howe Sonia , Stokoe Elizabeth , Little Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are more than 1500 UK health helplines in operation, yet we have scant knowledge about the resources in place to support the seeking and delivering of cancer‐related telephone help and support. This research aimed to identify and describe cancer and cancer‐related helpline service provision: the number of helplines available, the variety of services provided, and the accessibility of those services.MethodThis study used online national questionnaire survey sent to 95 cancer and cancer‐related helplines in the United Kingdom.ResultsA total of 69 (73%) of 95 surveyed cancer and cancer‐related helplines completed the survey. Most helplines/organizations were registered charities, supported by donations; 73.5% of helplines had national coverage. Most helplines served all age‐groups, ethnic groups, and men and women. Only 13.4% had a number that was free from landlines and most mobile networks, and 56.6% could only be contacted during working hours. More than 50% of helplines reported no provisions for callers with additional needs, and 55% had no clinical staff available to callers. Ongoing support and training for helpline staff was available but variable.ConclusionAlthough cancer helplines in the United Kingdom offer reasonably broad coverage across the country, there are still potential barriers to accessibility. There are also opportunities to optimize the training of staff/volunteers across the sector. There are further prospects for helplines to enhance services and sustain appropriate and realistic quality standards.
Cancer‐and‐treatment–specific distress and its impact on posttraumatic stress in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
Authors: Kuba Katharina , Esser Peter , Scherwath Angela , Schirmer Lena , Schulz‐Kindermann Frank , Dinkel Andreas , Balck Friedrich , Koch Uwe , Kröger Nicolaus , Götze Heide , Mehnert Anja 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn this prospective multicenter study, we investigated cancer‐and‐treatment–specific distress (CTXD) and its impact on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsPatients were consulted before (T0, N = 239), 3 (T1, N = 150), and 12 months (T2, N = 102) after HSCT. Medical (eg, diagnosis and pretreatment) and demographic information, CTXD and PTSD (PCL‐C) were assessed.ResultsRandom intercept models revealed that the sum score of CTXD was highest pre‐HSCT (T0), decreased by T1 (γ = −.18, 95% CI [−.26/−.09]), and by T2 (γ = −.10, 95% CI [−.20/−.00]). Uncertainty, family strain, and health burden were rated most distressing during HSCT. Uncertainty and family strain decreased from T0 to T1 (γ = −.30, 95% CI [−.42/−.17]; γ = −.10, 95% CI [−.20/−.00]) and health burden from T1 to T2 (γ = −.21, 95% CI [−.36/.05]). Women were more likely to report uncertainty (γ = .38, 95% CI [.19/.58]), family strain (γ = .38, 95% CI [.19/.58]), and concerns regarding appearance and sexuality (γ = .31, 95% CI [.14/.47]) than men. Uncertainty (γ = .18, 95% CI [.12/.24]), appearance and sexuality (γ = .09, 95% CI [.01/.16]), and health burden (γ = .21, 95% CI [.14/.27]) emerged as predictors of PTSD symptomatology across the 3 assessment points.ConclusionsOur data provide first evidence regarding the course of 6 dimensions of CTXD during HSCT and their impact on PTSD symptomatology. Specifically, results emphasize the major burden of uncertainty pre‐HSCT and the impact of uncertainty and concerns regarding appearance and sexuality on PTSD symptomatology.
A new standard of visual data representation for imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: O'Rourke Matthew B. , Padula Matthew P. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeMALDI imaging MS (IMS) is principally used for cancer diagnostics. In our own experience with publishing IMS data, we have been requested to modify our protocols with respect to the areas of the tissue that are imaged in order to comply with the wider literature. In light of this, we have determined that current methodologies lack effective controls and can potentially introduce bias by only imaging specific areas of the targeted tissueExperimental designA previously imaged sample was selected and then cropped in different ways to show the potential effect of only imaging targeted areas.ResultsBy using a model sample, we were able to effectively show how selective imaging of samples can misinterpret tissue features and by changing the areas that are acquired, according to our new standard, an effective internal control can be introduced.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCurrent IMS sampling convention relies on the assumption that sample preparation has been performed correctly. This prevents users from checking whether molecules have moved beyond borders of the tissue due to delocalization and consequentially products of improper sample preparation could be interpreted as biological features that are of critical importance when encountered in a visual diagnostic.
Insecticide resistance, control failure likelihood and the First Law of Geography
Authors: Guedes Raul Narciso C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInsecticide resistance is a broadly recognized ecological backlash resulting from insecticide use and is widely reported among arthropod pest species with well‐recognized underlying mechanisms and consequences. Nonetheless, insecticide resistance is the subject of evolving conceptual views that introduces a different concept useful if recognized in its own right – the risk or likelihood of control failure. Here we suggest an experimental approach to assess the likelihood of control failure of an insecticide allowing for consistent decision‐making regarding management of insecticide resistance. We also challenge the current emphasis on limited spatial sampling of arthropod populations for resistance diagnosis in favor of comprehensive spatial sampling. This necessarily requires larger population sampling – aiming to use spatial analysis in area‐wide surveys – to recognize focal points of insecticide resistance and/or control failure that will better direct management efforts. The continuous geographical scale of such surveys will depend on the arthropod pest species, the pattern of insecticide use and many other potential factors. Regardless, distance dependence among sampling sites should still hold, following the maxim that the closer two things are, the more they resemble each other, which is the basis of Tobler's First Law of Geography. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative metabolomics analysis of Callosobruchus chinensis larvae under hypoxia, hypoxia/hypercapnia and normoxia
Authors: Cui Sufen , Wang Lei , Qiu Jiangping , Liu Zhicheng , Geng Xueqing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect tolerance to low oxygen (hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) is critical for insect control. On the basis of bioassay, metabolism profiles were built to investigate adaptive mechanisms in bean weevil under hypoxia (2% O2), hypoxia/hypercapnia (2% O2 + 18% CO2) and normoxia (control, 20% O2 + 80% N2) using gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF‐MS).RESULTSThe growth and development of bean weevils were significantly suppressed by the two hypoxia conditions; hypercapnia enhanced the mortality, but after 24 days of exposure, the surviving insects emerged as adults earlier than those under hypoxia only. Metabolism profiles also showed striking differences in metabolites among the treatment and control groups, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Pairwise comparisons of the three groups showed that 61 metabolites changed significantly, 40 in the hypoxia group and 37 in the hypoxia/hypercapnia group relative to the control group, while only 16 were shared equally by the hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia groups. Increased metabolites were mainly carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids, while free fatty acids were decreased. Furthermore, the changes were strengthened by the addition of hypercapnia, but excluding free fatty acids.CONCLUSIONThe findings show that bean weevil has high tolerance to hypoxia or even hypoxia/hypercapnia at biologically achievable levels and provide more direct evidence for stored product insect mechanism regulation under hypoxia stress, especially free fatty acid regulation by hypercapnia but not by hypoxia. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic offsets between diet and hair/feces in captive chimpanzees
Authors: Tsutaya Takumi , Fujimori Yui , Hayashi Misato , Yoneda Minoru , Miyabe‐Nishiwaki Takako 
Published: October 2016

RationaleEstimation of the stable isotopic offsets between tissue and diet is important for dietary reconstructions. Although stable isotopic studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are increasing, the isotopic offsets in chimpanzees have never been studied. In this study, the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic offset values in hair and feces were measured for 13 captive chimpanzees for the first time.MethodsAll consumed food items and quantities were recorded for each individual for 1 week. Food samples were typically collected three times, hair was collected 3 weeks after the experimental week, and feces were collected ad libitum during the experimental week. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured using elemental analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA–IRMS).ResultsAs the results of Monte Carlo analysis, the estimated carbon and nitrogen offsets between the hair and diet were +3.0 to +3.9‰ and +2.8 to +3.7‰, respectively, for the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The 95% CIs of the carbon and nitrogen offset values between the feces and diet were −1.6 to 0.0‰ and +1.2 to +2.7‰, respectively.ConclusionsThese offset values are generally consistent with those of the other primate species reported in previous studies. However, potential variations in the offset values due to dietary and physiological factors should be studied in detail in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.