bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering Structured Variations Via Template Matching
Authors: Ceylan Duygu , Dang Minh , Mitra Niloy J. , Neubert Boris , Pauly Mark 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of variation from raw measurement data remains a central goal of shape analysis. Such an understanding reveals which elements are repeated, or how elements can be derived as structured variations from a common base element. We investigate this problem in the context of 3D acquisitions of buildings. Utilizing a set of template models, we discover geometric similarities across a set of building elements. Each template is equipped with a deformation model that defines variations of a base geometry. Central to our algorithm is a simultaneous template matching and deformation analysis that detects patterns across building elements by extracting similarities in the deformation modes of their matching templates. We demonstrate that such an analysis can successfully detect structured variations even for noisy and incomplete data.
Occupancy dynamics in human‐modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design
Authors: Irizarry Julissa I. , Collazo Jaime A. , Dinsmore Stephen J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimAvian communities in human‐modified landscapes exhibit varying patterns of local colonization and extinction rates, determinants of species occurrence. Our objective was to model these processes to identify habitat features that might enable movements and account for occupancy patterns in habitat matrices between the Guanica and Susua forest reserves. This knowledge is central to conservation design, particularly in ever changing insular landscapes.LocationSouth‐western Puerto Rico.MethodsWe used a multiseason occupancy modelling approach to quantify seasonal estimates of occupancy, and colonization and extinction rates of seven resident avian species surveyed over five seasons from January 2010 to June 2011. We modelled parameters by matrix type, expressions of survey station isolation, quality, amount of forest cover and context (embedded in forest patch).ResultsSeasonal occupancy remained stable throughout the study for all species, consistent with seasonally constant colonization and extinction probabilities. Occupancy was mediated by matrix type, higher in reserves and forested matrix than in the urban and agricultural matrices. This pattern is in accord with the forest affinities of all but an open‐habitat specialist. Puerto Rican Spindalis (Spindalis portoricensis) exhibited high occupancy in the urban matrix, highlighting the adaptability of some insular species to novel environments. Highest colonization rates occurred when perching structures were at ≤ 500 m. Survey stations with at least three fruiting tree species and 61% forest cover exhibited lowest seasonal extinction rates.Main conclusionsOur work identified habitat features that influenced seasonal probabilities of colonization and extinction in a human‐modified landscape. Conservation design decisions are better informed with increased knowledge about interpatch distances to improve matrix permeability, and habitat features that increase persistence or continued use of habitat stepping stones. A focus on dynamic processes is valuable because conservation actions directly influence colonization and extinction rates, and thus, a quantitative means to gauge their benefit.
Eco‐engineering in urbanised coastal systems: consideration of social values
Authors: Morris Rebecca L. , Deavin Gemma , Hemelryk Donald Stephanie , Coleman Ross A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryLoss of marine habitats due to urbanisation has been met with growing research efforts to mitigate ecological impacts through eco‐engineering. Research in this area has focused on scientific and engineering outcomes, not considering that seawalls are a socially driven insertion into the environment. Further, management concerns when employing eco‐engineering projects include public opinion regarding the aesthetic value of enhanced structures. It is therefore important for ecologists working in urban systems to understand how the public connects with the environment. Here, we used surveys to quantify perceptions of marine environmental issues and attitudes towards an example of eco‐engineering research from Sydney Harbour, Australia. We also evaluated the effect of disclosing the costs of enhancing seawalls to participants regarding their support for the initiative. Results showed there was high support for applied management to improve biodiversity. This result is promising for the implementation of future eco‐engineering projects. Understanding social values towards our coastlines and new conservation initiatives will provide end users with the tools to optimise coastal management plans. In summary, consideration of public values in urban conservation is essential for effective management.
Effects of positive end‐expiratory pressure titration on intestinal oxygenation and perfusion in isoflurane anaesthetised horses
Authors: Hopster K. , Wogatzki A. , Geburek F. , Conze P. , Kästner S. B. R. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyHigh airway pressures, necessary to keep equine lungs open, can have a detrimental impact on central and peripheral perfusion.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of stepwise increasing airway pressure recruitment on central and intestinal perfusion and oxygenation during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses.Study designIn vivoexperimental study.MethodsTen anaesthetised horses were ventilated using intermittent positive pressure ventilation immediately after induction. After 90 min, end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) was increased by steps of 5 cmH2O every 10 min up to aPEEPof 30 cmH2O and decreased back to zero maintaining a constant airway pressure difference of 20 cmH2O. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, expiratory isoflurane concentration and cardiac output (thermodilution method) were measured. Cardiac index (CI) was calculated. Arterial blood gases were taken to measure arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and calculate arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). Intestinal microperfusion and oxygenation were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and white‐light spectrophotometry. After ventral median laparotomy, a probe was placed on the stomach, jejunum and pelvic flexion of the colon. AnANOVAfor repeated measurements and Tukey'spost hoctest were used for statistical analysis (α = 5%).ResultsRecruitment of the lungs resulted in a significant increase in PaO2from 201 ± 58 mmHg (baseline) to a maximum of 495 ± 75 mmHg. TheCIandMAPdecreased continuously with increasing airway pressures. WhenCIandMAPwere 37 ± 9 ml/kg/min and 52 ± 8 mmHg (atPEEPof 25 cmH2O), respectively, a sudden decrease in intestinal perfusion followed by a delayed decrease in oxygenation occurred.ConclusionsThere was linear correlation between airway pressures andCIandMAPbut not between central and gastrointestinal perfusion. Despite improvement of arterial oxygenation the decrease inCIand, therefore, in oxygen deliveryPEEPresulted in a decrease in gastrointestinal oxygenation.
Trial participation as avoidance strategy: a qualitative study
Authors: Armstrong Natalie , Shaw Elizabeth , McColl Elaine , Tincello Douglas G. , Hilton Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundTrial participation decisions are often influenced by expectations of potential benefit. Attention has focused on trial participation as a means of securing something seen as desirable, such as experimental treatment. In contrast, we consider a case in which one trial arm involved receiving less than usual care. We explore how this influenced participants’ decisions to participate.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 29 women participating in a pilot trial comparing invasive urodynamic testing (typically normal care) to basic clinical assessment with non‐invasive tests, prior to surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method.ResultsInvasive tests were something many were aware of and worried about. Participants understood that trial participation meant they might avoid having these tests, and for about one‐third, this was the primary factor motivating participation. A further third mentioned they were not looking forward to tests (if allocated to them) or were lucky to have missed them (if allocated to basic clinical assessment). None of the women appeared to have discussed their desire to avoid having invasive tests with their clinicians.ConclusionsIn contrast to cases in which trial participation is motivated by the wish to secure an intervention not otherwise available, this study reports the opposite – trial participation as an opportunity to avoid having something regarded as undesirable. The option to decline a particular intervention should always be available, and care must be taken to ensure that potential participants are aware that trial participation is not the only possible means of avoidance.
A Banking Union of Ideas? The Impact of Ordoliberalism and the Vicious Circle on the EU Banking Union
Authors: Schäfer David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe establishment of the EU banking union reveals two major shortcomings of liberal intergovernmentalism. First, it fails to explain the preference formation of the most important actor – the German government. The banking sector was divided between public and private banks, and there is no clear‐cut pattern about whose interests the German government promoted. Second, material bargaining power cannot account for German concessions despite favourable power asymmetries. This article seeks to demonstrate how an ideational frame can convincingly fill these gaps. Ordoliberal ideas were constitutive for German preferences. The manipulative use of ideas as strategic resources by the German government's opponents explains why it made significant concessions. Germany's government publicly acknowledged that breaking the ‘vicious circle’ between banks and sovereigns was the main objective of the banking union. This became a rhetorical trap used by a coalition of Southern European member states to force the German government to make concessions.
The hominins: a very conservative tribe? Last common ancestors, plasticity and ecomorphology in Hominidae. Or, What's in a name?
Authors: Crompton Robin Huw 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the early 20th century the dominant paradigm for the ecological context of the origins of human bipedalism was arboreal suspension. In the 1960s, however, with recognition of the close genetic relationship of humans, chimpanzees and bonobos, and with the first field studies of mountain gorillas and common chimpanzees, it was assumed that locomotion similar to that of common chimpanzees and mountain gorillas, which appeared to be dominated by terrestrial knuckle‐walking, must have given rise to human bipedality. This paradigm has been popular, if not universally dominant, until very recently. However, evidence that neither the knuckle‐walking or vertical climbing of these apes is mechanically similar to human bipedalism, as well as the hand‐assisted bipedality and orthograde clambering of orang‐utans, has cast doubt on this paradigm. It now appears that the dominance of terrestrial knuckle‐walking in mountain gorillas is an artefact seen only in the extremes of their range, and that both mountain and lowland gorillas have a generalized orthogrady similar to that seen in orang‐utans. These data, together with evidence for continued arboreal competence in humans, mesh well with an increasing weight of fossil evidence suggesting that a mix of orang‐utan and gorilla‐like arboreal locomotion and upright terrestrial bipedalism characterized most australopiths. The late split date of the panins, corresponding to dates for separation ofHomoandAustralopithecus, leads to the speculation that competition with chimpanzees, as appears to exist today with gorillas, may have driven ecological changes in hominins and perhaps cladogenesis. However, selection for ecological plasticity and morphological conservatism is a core characteristic of Hominidae as a whole, including Hominini.
Sleep quality and adverse outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Andrechuk Carla Renata Silva , Ceolim Maria Filomena 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to analyse the relationship between the worsening of clinical outcomes (cardiovascular death, recurrent cardiovascular ischaemic events and stroke) and sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and risk for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in patients admitted to cardiac care units due to an acute myocardial infarction.BackgroundThere is evidence that sleep disorders can contribute to the worsening of cardiovascular diseases.DesignThis is a descriptive study with follow‐up.MethodsData collection was conducted in a large university hospital in Brazil from October 2013 to March 2014. Patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction provided data about sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome by answering specific questionnaires. Clinical data were obtained from medical charts. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe worsening of clinical outcome occurred in 12·4% of patients and was independently associated to poor sleep quality.ConclusionPoor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome were frequent in hospitalised patients with acute myocardial infarction and affect negatively the process of recovery.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important to evaluate sleep quality and sleep disorders, aiming at preventing and reducing unfavourable outcomes of cardiovascular disease, particularly for acute myocardial infarction patients.
Use of a single parameter track and trigger chart and the perceived barriers and facilitators to escalation of a deteriorating ward patient: a mixed methods study
Authors: Smith Duncan J , Aitken Leanne M 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate nurses' use of a single parameter track and trigger chart to inform implementation of the National Early Warning Scoring tool. To report the characteristics of patients with triggers, the frequency of different triggers, and the time taken to repeat observations. To explore the barriers and facilitators perceived by nursing staff relating to patient monitoring.BackgroundSub‐optimal care of the deteriorating patient has been described for almost two decades. Organisations have responded by implementing strategies that improve monitoring and facilitate a timely response to patient deterioration. While these systems have been widely adopted the evidence‐base to support their use is inconsistent.DesignA mixed method service evaluation was carried out in an acute University hospital.MethodsPhysiological triggers (n = 263) and characteristics of triggering patients (n = 74) were recorded from surgical and medical wards. Descriptive statistics were displayed. Questionnaires were distributed (n = 105) to student nurses, health care assistants and registered nurses. Themes and sub‐themes were identified from content analysis.ResultsHypotension was the most frequent abnormality. There was variability in the time to repeat observations following a trigger. A high proportion of triggers were identified in older patients, as was a trend of longer time intervals between trigger and repeat observations. Nurses reported a number of barriers and facilitators to monitoring patients including: ‘workload’, ‘equipment’, ‘interactions between staff’ and ‘interactions with patients’.ConclusionsThis study identified a number of barriers and facilitators to monitoring and escalation of abnormal vital signs, highlighting the complexity of the process and the need for a system‐wide approach to a deteriorating patient.Relevance to clinical practiceThe trend of longer delays following a trigger in older patients has not been identified previously and could reflect a knowledge gap of the physiological changes and response to acute illness in older people.
Cream‐Skimming in Financial Markets
Authors: BOLTON PATRICK , SANTOS TANO , SCHEINKMAN JOSE A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTWe propose a model in which investors may choose to acquire costly information that identifies good assets and purchase these assets in opaque (OTC) markets. Uninformed investors access an asset pool that has been cream‐skimmed by informed investors. When the quality composition of assets for sale is fixed, there is too much information acquisition and the financial industry extracts excessive rents. In the presence of moral hazard in origination, the social value of information varies inversely with information acquisition. Low quality origination is associated with large rents in the financial sector. Equilibrium acquisition of information is generically inefficient.
Is isolation by distance the cause of the genetic structure of the Iberian white‐throated dipper populations?
Authors: Hernández M. A. , Campos F. , Santamaría T. , Rojo M. A. , Dias S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPopulation fragmentation in animals, by influencing dispersion between regions, may cause so‐called isolation by distance (IBD). The genetic structure of the white‐throated dipper Cinclus cinclus populations in the Iberian Peninsula was analysed using microsatellites. Birds (n = 226) were sampled during 2000–2012 from 12 major populations of the dipper' distribution range in the Iberian Peninsula. At the eight loci studied, 113 alleles were found. Three population groups were identified: the first comprises Sierra Cazorla and Sierra Nevada, both in the south; the second, Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains in the north and the third includes Central System, Galician Mountains and North Iberian System. Gene flow was high across all populations except with Sierra Cazorla and Sierra Nevada. First‐generation migration was identified between the northern and central populations, suggesting recent genetic flow across them. However, migrants from southern populations were not detected elsewhere. Genetic distances were significantly correlated with geographical distances in all populations. The genetic isolation of the southern populations may be related to the lack of suitable dipper's habitats in the lowlands of the Iberian Meseta, limiting bird dispersion and installation outside the core areas and thus the spread of their genetic characteristics. The study shows that IBD is influencing the genetic structure of Iberian dippers. Furthermore, the significant biometrical divergence identified between the southern group and the remaining populations is highly consistent with trends in genetic structure and in the geographic distance between population clusters.
Explaining stability and change of territorial identities
Authors: Anderson Cameron D. , McGregor R. Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA significant body of work examines the presence and strength of territorial political identities (either subnational, national or supranational). A common assumption of this literature is that the presence and strength of these political identities are invariant over time. Given the importance of political identity, it is surprising that this assumption has not been empirically tested. We address this omission by testing this assumption through considering the question of who is most likely to exhibit variation in the reporting of territorial identities and why. We posit that one source of instability in territorially based political identity is rooted in cognitive dissonance which emerges through the interaction of partisanship and electoral outcomes. We explore these questions using panel data from the British Election Study (1997–2001), the Canadian Election Study (2004–2008). Results reveal that the territorial identities of Labour and Liberal partisans, in Britain and Canada respectively, are compatible with expectations.
Effects of pacifier and taste on swallowing, esophageal motility, transit, and respiratory rhythm in human neonates
Authors: Shubert T. R. , Sitaram S. , Jadcherla S. R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPacifier use is widely prevalent globally despite hygienic concerns and uncertain mechanistic effects on swallowing or airway safety. Aims: The effects of pacifier and taste interventions on pharyngo‐esophageal motility, bolus transit, and respiratory rhythms were investigated by determining the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), esophageal body, esophagogastric junction (EGJ) motor patterns and deglutition apnea, respiratory rhythm disturbances, and esophageal bolus clearance.MethodsFifteen infants (six males; median gestation 31 weeks and birth weight 1.4 kg) underwent high‐resolution impedance manometry at 43 (41–44) weeks postmenstrual age. Manometric, respiratory, and impedance characteristics of spontaneous swallows, pacifier‐associated dry swallowing and taste (pacifier dipped in 3% sucrose)‐associated swallowing were analyzed. Linear mixed and generalized estimating equation models were used. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, %, or median (IQR).Key ResultsPharyngo‐esophageal motility, respiratory, and impedance characteristics of 209 swallows were analyzed (85 spontaneous swallows, 63 pacifier‐ swallows, 61 taste‐ swallows). Basal UES and EGJ pressures decreased upon pacifier (p < 0.05) and taste interventions (p < 0.05); however, esophageal motility, respiratory rhythm, and impedance transit characteristics were similar with both interventions.Conclusions & InferencesOral stimulus with pacifier or taste interventions decreases UES and EGJ basal pressure, but has no effects on pharyngo‐esophageal motility, airway interactions, or esophageal bolus transit. A decrease in central parasympathetic‐cholinergic excitatory drive is likely responsible for the basal effects.
Late Bronze Age Oxhide and oxhide‐like ingots from areas other than the Mediterranean: problems and challenges
Authors: Sabatini Serena 
Published: January 2016

SummaryOxhide ingots are probably one of the most remarkable metal artefacts that ever circulated throughout the Mediterranean during the second millennium BC. From the Levantine coast to Sardinia, oxhide ingots were produced, exchanged, used and transformed for almost six centuries (c.1600–1100/1000 BC). They are generally regarded as a class of material that is found only in the Mediterranean area. However, there are a number of oxhide ingots that have been encountered far beyond the coasts of the Mediterranean. The aim of this paper is to throw some light on these items and their significance in order to increase our understanding of the complex and far‐reaching Bronze Age metal supply networks in Europe. The application of a commodity branding model also allows the possibility of achieving a deeper understanding of these items as tokens of the long‐lasting links between Continental Europe and the Mediterranean.