bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on knowledge, awareness, and practices about eye donation in medical students
Authors: Darade Nikhil Nivritti , Joshi Rajesh S , Gurudasani Bhavishya Tulsidas , Hussaine Murtuza , Karampuri Samiksha , Rathod Aditi 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, awareness, and practices about eye donation in medical students of medical colleges.

Setting:
Tertiary Care Centre.

Design:
This study involves a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center in Western Vidarbha from August 2023 to October 2023, among medical students. Approval from the institutional ethical committee was taken. A total of 538 students participated in the study. After taking consent, data were collected in self-reported questionnaire consisting of questions about the knowledge and awareness of eye donation, the source of their information, willingness for donation, and respective reasons for willingness and nonwillingness. Data were analyzed.

Results:
Majority of students belonged to the age group between 21 and 30 years. Most were undergraduates, followed by interns and post-graduates. Five hundred and twenty-nine had heard about eye donation mainly through medical personnel. The majority of students believed that eye donation means giving sight to the blind. Most knew the nearest point of contact for eye donation. The answer given by most to the question “What is removed for transplantation?,” was cornea. The most common response to questions about a site for the removal of eyes was the hospital. The majority knew that no monetary benefits were given for donations. Those willing to pledge their eyes wanted to do so to help the blind, and those not willing said objection by family as the main reason among others.

Conclusion:
After the study, we concluded that awareness about eye donation was good in the students, while knowledge regarding eye donation varied among the students. Willingness to donate showed mixed responses.
An Innovative Technique to Prevent Air Leaks from Cervical Esophagostomy during Face Mask Ventilation
Authors: Shah Shreya , Goel Prabudh , Sharma Kanika , Singh Teg Rabab , Khanna Puneet , Subramaniam Rajeshwari , Jain Vishesh , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Bajpai Minu , Agarwala Sandeep 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

During face mask ventilation, invariably, some air enters the esophagus rather than the airways; this results in gastric insufflation while the esophagus is intact or loss of tidal volume in patients with a cervical esophagostomy (Cx-esophagostomy).

Objective:
The objective of the study was to report the indigenous use of an electrocardiography (ECG) electrode in successfully occluding the Cx-esophagostomy to prevent inadvertent loss of tidal volume.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-nine observations were recorded on 27 patients (mean age: 10.9 months; male:female = 2.6:1). The oral cavity, pharynx, and Cx-esophagostomy were cleared of saliva. Peristomal area was cleaned with dry gauze and dried with alcohol. Latex-free, 50 mm, ECG electrode was pasted symmetrically over the Cx-esophagostomy. The efficacy of the electrode was assessed using a five-point algorithm: (i) collapse of reservoir bag, (ii) chest expansion, (iii) ballooning of electrode, (iv) cotton-wisp test, and (v) change in compliance with manual compression of the electrode. Subgroup analysis was conducted for laterality and health of Cx-esophagostomy.

Results:
Study cohort: Cx-esophagostomy was located on the left in 58.26% (n = 17/29) patients. The health of Cx-esophagostomies was graded from I to IV (n = 9, 16, 3, and 1, respectively). The collapse of the reservoir bag and chest rise indicated successful ventilation. Ballooning of the electrode with each breath was observed in 79% (23/29) patients. Partial separation of the electrode from the skin (exaggerated with each breath) was observed in 10.3% (3/29) patients (Group I: n = 1, Group III: n = 1, and Group IV: n = 1). This was related to poor local preparation or pooling of saliva (n = 1; Group I: resolved with procedural re-application of a fresh electrode) and underlying skin condition (n = 2; Groups III and IV: resolved only temporarily with re-application). The cotton-wisp test was positive in two additional patients (1 each in Groups II and III) and was related to the pooling of saliva. No change in compliance was observed with manual compression of the electrode. No difference in success was observed between left and right Cx-esophagostomies. Overall success with this technique was 82.8% with a potential for 100% in those with peristomal health graded I–III.

Conclusions:
The ECG electrode is a technically simple, cost-effective, and widely available device, instrumental in addressing the problem of air leak through Cx-esophagostomy during face mask ventilation before intubation.
Demystifying Fetus-in-fetu: A Systematic Review of Its Clinical and Pathological Attributes
Authors: Palo Seetu , Mangla Mishu , Gabbeta Spandana , Motwani Rohini 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is an exceedingly rare condition, characterized by a fetal-like or fetiform mass with a calcified vertebral axis surrounded by other organs or limbs. This systematic review was conducted to comprehensively analyze the clinicopathological attributes, management strategies, and prognosis of FIF to consolidate existing knowledge on FIF.

Methodology:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive search was performed across various electronic databases, using the keywords “fetus-in-fetu,” “fetus-ex-fetus,” “homunculus,” or “fetiform teratoma” to look for published articles until December 2023. Data extraction and analysis were carried out for cases meeting the defined criteria for FIF diagnosis, that is “presence of both/either the vertebral column and/or long bones of extremities” and “absence of immature elements.”

Results:
A total of 249 case reports/case series comprising 241 single FIF cases and 33 multiple FIF cases were included for analysis. The majority of single FIF cases presented within the 1st year of life, with a slight male predominance. Retroperitoneal location was most common, and imaging modalities played a crucial role in preoperative diagnosis. Complete surgical removal of the mass with detailed histopathological examination is the cornerstone of treatment for FIF, with favorable outcomes in the majority of cases. Both mature and immature teratoma can rarely be found in association with FIF.

Conclusion:
This comprehensive systematic review enhances understanding of FIF, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis by diligent histopathological examination, appropriate management, and vigilant postoperative monitoring for favorable outcomes.
A Rare Case of Ebstein’s Anomaly with Biventricular Noncompaction
Authors: Sathyamurthy Immaneni , Sridhar Anuradha , Subramanian Sasikala , Lakhani Zeeshan Sakina A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease, which can present with right heart failure when associated with septal defects and/or right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Left ventricular failure is extremely rare, and we report one such case due to the coexistence of biventricular noncompaction.
Challenges faced by dentists during provision of oral health care in children and adolescents with special health-care needs: A scoping review
Authors: Tuli Shivya , Goswami Mousumi , Saxena Aditya , Bhatara Supriya , Saxena Bhawna , Gogoi Rimpi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Background:
Oral health care for children with special health-care needs (CSHCN) is often overlooked despite a substantial global population with disabilities or special needs. This scoping review delves into the challenges dentists face in delivering oral health care to CSHCN.

Methodology:
The scoping review was conducted as per the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR with a search strategy based on the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework of the research question. The databases searched were PUBMED, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost. Articles published within 20 years and in the English language were included in the study.

Results:
The review included 20 studies and highlighted several significant barriers encountered by dentists when providing oral health care for CSHCN. They included inadequate training among dentists in managing special needs patients, the time-intensive nature of oral procedures for this population, and the unpredictable behaviors exhibited by CSHCN during dental visits.

Conclusion:
The findings underscore the crucial need to address the challenges dentists face in delivering oral health care to CSHCN.
Comparison of intranasal ketamine with intranasal midazolam and dexmedetomidine combination in pediatric dental patients for procedural sedation: A crossover study
Authors: Dubey Bibhav , Singh Neerja , Kumar Santosh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The main goal of the pediatric dentist is to address and reduce children’s fear and anxiety during the dental treatment, especially when conventional behavior-guiding strategies fail. In such cases, the use of pharmacological agents becomes an essential factor to consider.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of intranasal ketamine (INK) with the combination of intranasal midazolam and dexmedetomidine (INMzD) in pediatric dental patients for the procedural sedation.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-seven children aged 3–9 years who required dental procedures such as extractions, pulpectomy, and restorations were randomly distributed into two groups using the envelope drawing method. Group INK received 7 mg/kg INK, whereas Group INMzD received a combination of midazolam spray (0.3 mg/kg) and atomized dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg).

Results:
INK showed faster onset, faster recovery, and shorter discharge time than INMzD. Both groups had acceptable physiological parameters and no postoperative complications. INK was more accepted by the patients than INMzD.

Conclusions:
In terms of efficacy, safety, and acceptability, INK outperformed the combination of INMzD for the procedural sedation.
Evaluation of oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy: An observational study
Authors: Ambati P , Galhotra Virat , Jondhale Sunil Natha , Dolker Tundup , Ravi Mugilan , Rathod Parth 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Chemotherapy, a cornerstone treatment for childhood cancers, can negatively impact oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and evolution of oral complications in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study enrolled 44 children diagnosed with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care institute in central India. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, with follow-ups at 3–6 and 9–12 months. Data collected included demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral lesions. Blood counts and World Health Organization grading for mucositis were used. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests analyzed the data (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent malignancy. Children reported various oral complaints such as ulcers, bleeding gums, and difficulty eating. Mucositis prevalence significantly decreased over follow-up visits (baseline: 56.8% and second follow-up: 13.3%). Gingival inflammation was present, though mean scores decreased over time. Oral hygiene scores varied without significant changes. Caries experience scores increased from baseline to follow-up.

Conclusion:
This study identified a high prevalence of ALL and diverse oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. While mucositis severity lessened over time, other issues such as caries persisted. These findings highlight the critical need for preventive oral care strategies to safeguard this vulnerable population’s oral health.
Effectiveness of EndoActivator, PATS Vario system, and XP-endo Finisher files on smear layer removal under scanning electron microscope: A comparative study
Authors: Patel Rishabh , Shinde Gaurav , Bondarde Prashant , Vishwakarma Aruna , Bhandare Madhuri , Pharne Vaibhavi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The smear layer may harbor many bacteria; hence, alternative methods are used to disrupt and remove biofilm.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of EndoActivator, PATS Vario System, and XP-endo Finisher files on smear layer removal using a scanning electron microscope.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty single-rooted extracted premolars with Vertucci Type 1 configuration were decoronated and divided into four groups. The groups were instrumented with the rotary ProTaper file system. All specimens were flushed with 1 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite. Group 1 was irrigated with a conventional needle and syringe. In Group 2, the irrigant was activated with an EndoActivator. In Group 3, the irrigant was activated with PATS Vario system, and in Group 4, XP-endo Finisher files were used after biomechanical preparation to remove debris and smear layer. All specimens were finally rinsed with 3 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth underwent longitudinal splitting and grooving in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, and then, the samples were taken for scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the amount of smear layer removal in each third.

Results:
The middle and coronal thirds Showed that almost similar efficacy to remove smear layer in both Group II and Group III. At the apical third, Group III showed comparatively better results than Group I, II, and IV, respectively.

Conclusion:
Equal amount of smear layer was seen with EndoActivator and PATS Vario system when used as sonic irrigation devices.
Spatial and angular alterations in the dental arch after premature loss of primary molars: Immediate and 9-month computed tomography evaluation
Authors: Kundra Ruchika , Sharma Deepak , Kaur Ravneet , Monga Suneet , Duvedi Shuchi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Contemporary imaging methods and quickly advancing technologies have increased the number of diagnostic tools available in medicine and orthodontics. The current study aimed to determine three-dimensional (3D) space changes that occurred after the extraction of either the maxillary or mandibular primary molars during the mixed dentition period.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a longitudinal split-mouth study with a study group and a control group. The sample consisted of 20 children aged between 6 and 9 years. Clinical examination, radiological analysis, and 3D digital images of the plaster casts were used sequentially to gather all the data. The dental cast measurements recorded were arch width, arch length, hemi-perimeter, dental space at the extraction site, and angulation of the first permanent molar. The children were recalled for follow-up after 9 months, and all dental cast measurements were repeated using nondestructive 3D computed tomography software. For repeated measurements, the test applied was a paired t-test, and for independent samples, the test was a Student’s t-test.

Results:
A significant decrease in arch width (P = 0.001), arch length (P < 0.001), hemi-perimeter (P < 0.001), D-space (P < 0.001), and E-space (P = 0.001) was observed following extraction. A significant increase in angulation measurements was observed (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The study revealed a comparative reduction in mandibular arch width, a reduction in arch length in both the maxilla and the mandible, a reduced hemi-perimeter of dental arches, loss of dental extraction space, and a change in angulation of the erupted first permanent molars following premature loss of the primary molar.
Residual dentin thickness of root canal transportation by various metallurgical rotary systems: An in vitro study
Authors: Sobh Yasmin Tawfik Mohamed , Ragab Mai Hamdy 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Numerous nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary systems have been released on the market with noncutting tips, various cross sections, and production techniques. This research was carried out to assess the quantity of remaining dentin thickness of mandibular first molar root canal at 3, 6, and 9 mm far from the anatomic peak that prepared through contemporary rotating systems with different metallurgical properties with a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
In this investigation, 45 human mandibular first molars that had been extracted were employed. Teeth were accordingly divided into three main groups through the NiTi rotary system that was utilized in canal instrumentation (15 teeth each), such that all ranges of curvatures were equally represented in each group – Group A: EdgeFile X3 rotating system, Group B: ProTaper Next (PTN) rotating system, and Group C: ProTaper (PT) rotating system. The samples were scanned before and after instrumentation using CBCT, and by deducing the instrumented canals from the uninstrumented counterpart, the remaining dentin thickness for each root canal is calculated at three levels of each root (3, 6, and 9 mm away from the root end). Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
A significantly higher mean value was scored in PT, followed by PTN, and the lowest value was found in X3 of canal transportation at the level of 3 mm (P < 0.001), whereas at the 6- and 9-mm levels, there was no substantial difference statistically through the levels.

Conclusion:
The EdgeFile X3 showed the lowest canal transportation at a 3-mm level from the apex in comparison to the other tested files.
Vital pulp therapies versus conventional endodontics for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation: A systematic review
Authors: Martínez-Salas Constanza , Bucchi Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
To compare the effectiveness of vital pulp therapies (pulpotomy and direct pulp capping) with that of conventional endodontics for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation and to analyze which pulp capping material is more effective for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation.

Materials and Methods:
A bibliographic search of electronic databases (PUBMED, COCHRANE LIBRARY, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and SciELo) was conducted. The inclusion criteria were comparative studies in patients who underwent conventional endodontic and vital pulp therapy in mature teeth with pulp inflammation and comparative studies comparing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) versus calcium hydroxide as direct pulp capping materials in mature teeth with pulp inflammation. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 or ROBINS-I.

Results:
Eight clinical trials were included, all of which had a high risk of bias. The data analysis showed that pulpotomy has similar clinical success rates to conventional endodontics. No studies comparing conventional endodontics versus direct pulp capping were found. MTA has better clinical results than calcium hydroxide as a direct pulp capping material.

Conclusion:
Vital pulp therapies are a valid alternative for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation. There is a need for more clinical trials with longer follow-up time and which consider other variables related to the characteristics of the patient and the tooth.
Dental undergraduate students’ perception of the endodontic specialty
Authors: AlMaslamani Manal J. , AlNajar Inshirah J. , Alqedra Raeda A. , ElHaddad Malak 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the perception and understanding of the endodontic specialty among dental students and newly graduated dentists at Ajman University/College of Dentistry. It also examined their satisfaction with preclinical training, the use of magnification in learning, and their interest in pursuing endodontics as a future career.

Materials and Methods:
A structured questionnaire with 20 multiple-choice questions was distributed to 540 dental students and interns. The questionnaire assessed participants’ satisfaction with preclinical training, confidence in treating patients, and the impact of magnification (specifically, dental operative microscope) on their learning experience. The survey also explored participants’ interest in pursuing endodontics as a career. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:
The study found that the majority of participants expressed high confidence in diagnosing and treating endodontic cases (83.5%). Perception did not significantly differ based on gender, level of study, teeth treated, or the experience of the supervising instructor (P < 0.00).

Conclusion:
Overall, Ajman University dental students and interns showed satisfactory perception of the endodontic specialty. The study highlights the importance of modifying the undergraduate dental curriculum to provide more preclinical training on extracted teeth, with a focus on working length determination and radiograph taking. These changes can help reduce stress associated with endodontic procedures, improve treatment outcomes, and enhance patient satisfaction.
Reciprocation and rotation nickel-titanium file systems’ cyclic fatigue and centering ability in premolars accessed by ultraconservative and traditional access cavities: An in vitro study
Authors: Aldury Lubna Abdulwahab , Ali Ahmed Hamid , Mannocci Francesco 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
With the importance of restricted access cavities, this study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue and the centering ability of TruNatomy rotary file versus R-motion reciprocating file systems in premolars accessed by traditional versus ultraconservative access cavity preparations.

Materials and Methods:
Forty extracted intact maxillary first premolars were divided into two groups (n = 20/group) according to the access cavity design (traditional or ultraconservative). Each group was then subdivided according to the type of file used for instrumentation (TruNatomy [26/0.04] or R-motion [30/0.04] [n = 10 teeth/subgroup]). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for all the teeth before and after instrumentation. The teeth were accessed and instrumented by three in-and-out pecking motions repeated two times until the instrument reached the working length. Every instrument was only used to prepare one canal. For cyclic fatigue assessment, the used files, in addition to 10 brand-new TruNatomy and R-motion files that were used as control groups, were tested in stainless-steel artificial canals, and the time to fracture was used to determine the number of cycles to fracture (NCF). After obtaining and analyzing the before and after instrumentation CBCT images, the centering ability of the buccal roots was calculated at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
There were no differences in NCF and centering ability of each file in both access cavities (P > 0.05). There were higher NCF values of the R-motion file compared to the TruNatomy file (P < 0.05). The R-motion file showed significantly higher centering than the TruNatomy file in the traditional access cavity at the 3 and 5 mm levels and the 3 mm level in the ultraconservative access cavity (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The R-motion file had significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance and centering ability than the TruNatomy file. The ultraconservative access cavity had no unfavorable influence on the cyclic fatigue resistance and the centering ability of R-motion and TruNatomy files.