bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of routine screening in blood-borne pathogens in Chinese patients undergoing joint arthroplasty
Authors: Cheng T. , Zhang X-L. , Hu J-J. , Li B. , Wang Q. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesSurgeons face a substantial risk of infection because of the occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) from patients undergoing high-risk orthopaedic procedures. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of four BBPs among patients undergoing joint arthroplasty in Shanghai, China. In addition, we evaluated the significance of pre-operative screening by calculating a cost-to-benefit ratio.MethodsA retrospective observational study of pre-operative screening for BBPs, including hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum (TP), was conducted for sequential patients in the orthopaedic department of a large urban teaching hospital between 01 January 2009 and 30 May 2016. Medical records were analysed to verify the seroprevalence of these BBPs among the patients stratified by age, gender, local origin, type of surgery, history of previous transfusion and marital status.ResultsOf the subjects who underwent arthroplasty surgery in our institution, pre-operative screening tests were available for 96.1% (11 609 patients). The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and TP was 5.47%, 0.45%, 0.08% and 3.6%, respectively. A total of 761 seropositive cases (68.4%) were previously undiagnosed. Pre-operative screening for HIV resulted in a low cost to benefit ratio, followed by HCV and HBV.ConclusionRoutine HCV and HIV screening prior to joint arthroplasty is not a cost-effective strategy. Considering the high rate of undiagnosed patients and the shortage of protective options, targeted pre-operative screening for HBV and syphilis should be considered for the protection of healthcare workers in China who have not been vaccinated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2017;6:566–571.
CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF FoxP3+ REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DURING METHOTREXATE THERAPY
Authors: Avdeeva A. S. , Rubtsov Yu. P. , Popkova T. V. , Dyikanov D. T. , Nasonov E. L. 
Published: September 2017

Objective: to analyze the impact of methotrexate (MTX) therapy on percentage and absolute content of FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had not previously received MTX.Subjects and methods. The investigation included 45 patients with early RA (2010 ACR/EULAR criteria) who had not previously received MTX, including 39 women; median age was 52.0 [32.5; 57.5] years; disease duration, 5 [4; 6] months, DAS28, 5.01 [4.18; 5.8]; 71.1% of the patients were positive for rheumatoid factor and 88.9% – for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. As the first disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, all the patients were assigned to receive subcutaneous MTX at an initial dose of 10 mg/week with its rapid escalation up to 20–25 mg/week. The percentage and absolute count of Treg (FoxP3+CD25+; CD152+surface; CD152+intracellular; FoxP3+CD127-; CD25+CD127-; FoxP3+ICOS+; FoxP3+CD154+; and FoxP3+CD274+) were measured by immunofluorescence staining and multicolor flow cytometry.Results and discussion. At 24 weeks after starting the therapy, median DAS28, SDAI, and CDAI were 3.1 [2.7; 3.62], 7.4 [4.2; 11.4], and 7.0 [4.0; 11.0], respectively; DAS28 and SDAI remission/low disease activity was reached by 22 (56.4%) and 25 (64.1%) patients, respectively; 4 (10.3%) patients had no MTX treatment effect according to the EULAR criteria. After a 6-month course of MTX therapy, the whole group had increases in the percentage of CD4+cells (from 45.0 [38.0; 49.2] to 46.8 [39.9; 53.2]%) and in the percentage and absolute number of CD152+surface from 0.65 [0.22; 1.67] to 2.07 [1.11; 3.81]% and from 0.0002 [0.0001; 0.0008]•109 to 0.0007 [0.0004; 0.002]•109, and a moderate decrease in the percentage and absolute content of FoxP3+ICOS+ cells from 5.3 [2.1; 11.3] to 4.07 [1.6;6.6]% and from 0.002 [0.001-0.006]•109 to 0.0015 [0.0006-0.003]•109 (p<0.05 in all cases).Conclusion. The use of MTX in early RA is accompanied by an increase in the proportion and number of Treg with a high level of activation markers, which may indicate their enhanced suppressor activity that is more pronounced among the patients who have achieved remission/low disease activity during the treatment.
SIGNS OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Kruglyi L. B. , Zairova A. R. , Fomicheva O. A. , Karpov Yu. A. , Rogoza A. N. , Gerasimova E. V. , Novikova D. S. , Popkova T. V. , Nasonov E. L. 
Published: September 2017

Increased arterial stiffness is one of the additional risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular diseases along with traditional RFs, such as male gender, age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the risk of cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease (CHD), is significantly higher than that in the general population, which may be associated with the characteristics of the underlying disease or the prevalence of traditional RFs.Subjects and methods.The results of investigating the arterial stiffness in 56 patients including 46 with RA and 10 with CHD without inflammatory joint disease (a control group) were analyzed. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in the area from the carotid artery to the femoral one, which was determined by applanation tonometry, as well as by CAVI that was calculated according to the data of volume sphygmography.Results and discussion.According to the investigation encompassing exercise tests and coronary angiography, the group of patients with RA was divided into two subgroups, depending on the presence or absence of coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis. The patients' age was 38 to 77 years (mean age 60.3±7.2 years); the male proportion was 34.8%.Conclusion.The presence of RA with and without CHD is associated with a significant rise in arterial stiffness compared to isolated CHD (cfPWV, 13.6 and 8.6 m/sec, respectively). The increase in cfPWV and CAVI compared with the age norm was revealed in the majority of RA patients both with and without CHD.
PREVENTION OF ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER: CURRENT ASPECTS
Authors: Belov B. S. , Kuzmina N. N. , Medyntseva L. G. 
Published: September 2017

The program for the prevention of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and recurrent attacks of the disease includes primary and secondary prevention. The basis for the primary prevention of ARF are activities aimed at increasing the level of the body’s innate immunity and adaptive responses to adverse environmental conditions, as well as the timely diagnosis and adequate antimicrobial therapy of group A streptococcus throat infections, such as sore throat and pharyngitis. Secondary prevention aims to prevent recurrent attacks and disease progression in individuals who have experienced ARF and provides regular twenty-four-hour administration of long-acting penicillin (benzathine benzylpenicillin)
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RITUXIMAB IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: NEW EVIDENCE
Authors: Kusevich D. A. , Avdeeva A. S. 
Published: September 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by chronic erosive arthritis (synovitis) and a systemic inflammatory lesion of the internal organs, which results in early disability and worse quality of life in patients. The accumulated data on the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of anti-B cell therapy allow identification of rituximab (RTM) as an extremely important drug of first- or second-line therapy with biological agents after ineffective treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors. In this connection, the choice of a personalized treatment regimen remains relevant in each specific case as before. Clinical experience with RTM suggests that the drug is highly effective in improving both clinical manifestations and quality of life in patients with active RA that is characterized by resistance to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and TNF-α inhibitors, as well as in those with early RA. The current literature presents a large amount of data on the role of prior therapy and the impact of the stage of RA when using different RTM doses on its efficiency, some of which will be discussed in this review.
LIVER DAMAGE IN PSORIASIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Korsakova Yu. L. , Korotaeva T. V. 
Published: September 2017

Psoriasis (Ps) is a chronic systemic disease that affects the skin. Investigation could reveal the high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with Ps compared with the general population, especially in those who have moderate to severe Ps with a high Ps area severity index (PASI). Similar pathogenic processes play a definite role in this relationship. The most likely causes are recognized to be insulin resistance and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. According to recent evidence, the prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in patients with Ps is higher than that in the general population. In addition, patients with NAFLD and Ps are at higher risk of severe liver fibrosis than those with NAFLD without Ps. Therapy for this condition certainly needs not only to modify traditional risk factors, but also to reliably suppress inflammation. Obesity and NAFLD have a negative impact on the results of treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis with biological agents.
Klare Sprache als Mittel für Fachkommunikation und Wissenstransfer
Authors: Luttermann Karin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der linguistischen Pragmatik wird der Ausdruck Kommunikation eingesetzt, um Zwecke der Verwendung von Sprache und Funktionen menschlichen Verständigungshandelns zu erfassen. Der Kommunikationsbegriff erstreckt sich auf diverse Domänen und Situationen der Kommunikation (Alltag, Beruf, Fach) und umfasst verschiedene Kommunikationskonstellationen und Adressaten (Experten, Laien, Behinderte, Migranten, Deutschlernende). Für die Kommunikation mit Menschen, die eine Behinderung haben, wird auf die Leichte Sprache als Kommunikationsmittel zurückgegriffen. Die Leichte Sprache ist aus praxisorientiertem Handeln entstanden; die (Sprach-)Wissenschaft steht weithin noch außen vor. Erst allmählich scheint die Linguistik sich dem Forschungsgegenstand Leichte Sprache zuzuwenden. Der vorliegende Beitrag plädiert – sprachwissenschaftlich fundiert – für den Gebrauch der „klaren Sprache“ und für eine Perspektivenerweiterung des Laienbegriffs innerhalb der Experten-Laien-Kommunikation. Hier steht eine theoretisch, empirisch und angewandt begründete Forschung erst am Anfang.
brain drain der europäischen Informationswissenschaft
Authors: Hillebrand Vera 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie erforschte die Mobilitätsmuster von 882 aktiven Informationswissenschaftlern, die sich von 2014 bis 2016 an der iConference beteiligten. Analysiert wurde, ob es in dieser informationswissenschaftlichen Community einen brain drain – eine Abwanderung von Forschenden ins Ausland – gibt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwei Trends: amerikanische Informationswissenschaftler_innen verlassen selten ihren Kontinent und haben keine internationale Erfahrung, während die Auswanderungsrate unter Forschenden aus Asien und Europe nach Nordamerika hoch ist. 90 Prozent aller Promovierenden aus dem Sample leben gerade in Nordamerika. Ein wichtiger Faktor für das Mobilitätsverhalten scheint die englische Sprache zu sein. Ausländische Studierende wählen in Europa englischsprachige Umgebungen.
Ten years after – Stand und Perspektiven der DGI‑Initiative für Informationskompetenz
Authors: Weisel Luzian 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Autor geht der DGI-Initiative für Informationskompetenz nach. Dies geschieht in zwei in sich geschlossenen Artikeln. Im ersten Teil werden der Sachstand eruiert und die Maßnahmen sowie die Wirkungen der Initiative beleuchtet. Ausgangspunkte sind die Empfehlungen der DenkschriftDenkschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis (DGI e.V.) zur Förderung der Informationskompetenz im Bildungssektor (2008): DGI. Information – Wissenschaft & Praxis, 58/6–7, 2008, 391 f. und http://alt.dgi-info.de/images/PDF/denkschriftinfokompetenzbildung.pdf [26.6.2017]. der DGI zur Förderung der Informationskompetenz im Bildungssektor (2008) sowie das PositionspapierMedien- und Informationskompetenz – immer mit Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen! (2011): BID-Positionspapier. Berlin. http://www.bideutschland.de/download/file/BID_Positionspapier_Medien-%20und%20Informationskompetenz_Enquete_Internet.pdf [26.6.2017]. Medien- und Informationskompetenz – immer mit Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen! der Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Bibliotheks- und Informationsverbände (BID).
Automatic Online Motor Control Is Intact in Parkinson’s Disease With and Without Perceptual Awareness
Authors: Merritt Kate E. , Seergobin Ken N. , Mendonça Daniel A. , Jenkins Mary E. , Goodale Melvyn A. , MacDonald Penny A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the double-step paradigm, healthy human participants automatically correct reaching movements when targets are displaced. Motor deficits are prominent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In the lone investigation of online motor correction in PD using the double-step task, a recent study found that PD patients performed unconscious adjustments appropriately but seemed impaired for consciously-perceived modifications. Conscious perception of target movement was achieved by linking displacement to movement onset. PD-related bradykinesia disproportionately prolonged preparatory phases for movements to original target locations for patients, potentially accounting for deficits. Eliminating this confound in a double-step task, we evaluated the effect of conscious awareness of trajectory change on online motor corrections in PD. On and off dopaminergic therapy, PD patients (n= 14) and healthy controls (n= 14) reached to peripheral visual targets that remained stationary or unexpectedly moved during an initial saccade. Saccade latencies in PD are comparable to controls’. Hence, target displacements occurred at equal times across groups. Target jump size affected conscious awareness, confirmed in an independent target displacement judgment task. Small jumps were subliminal, but large target displacements were consciously perceived. Contrary to the previous result, PD patients performed online motor corrections normally and automatically, irrespective of conscious perception. Patients evidenced equivalent movement durations for jump and stay trials, and trajectories for patients and controls were identical, irrespective of conscious perception. Dopaminergic therapy had no effect on performance. In summary, online motor control is intact in PD, unaffected by conscious perceptual awareness. The basal ganglia are not implicated in online corrective responses.
Emergence of β-Band Oscillations in the Aged Rat Amygdala during Discrimination Learning and Decision Making Tasks
Authors: Samson Rachel D. , Lester Adam W. , Duarte Leroy , Venkatesh Anu , Barnes Carol A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOlder adults tend to use strategies that differ from those used by young adults to solve decision-making tasks. MRI experiments suggest that altered strategy use during aging can be accompanied by a change in extent of activation of a given brain region, inter-hemispheric bilateralization or added brain structures. It has been suggested that these changes reflect compensation for less effective networks to enable optimal performance. One way that communication can be influenced within and between brain networks is through oscillatory events that help structure and synchronize incoming and outgoing information. It is unknown how aging impacts local oscillatory activity within the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). The present study recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and single units in old and young rats during the performance of tasks that involve discrimination learning and probabilistic decision making. We found task- and age-specific increases in power selectively within the β range (15–30 Hz). The increased β power occurred after lever presses, as old animals reached the goal location. Periods of high-power β developed over training days in the aged rats, and was greatest in early trials of a session. β Power was also greater after pressing for the large reward option. These data suggest that aging of BLA networks results in strengthened synchrony of β oscillations when older animals are learning or deciding between rewards of different size. Whether this increased synchrony reflects the neural basis of a compensatory strategy change of old animals in reward-based decision-making tasks, remains to be verified.
An Emerging Field of Primate Social Neurophysiology: Current Developments
Authors: Chang Steve W. C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecently, there has been increased interest in investigating neurophysiological mechanisms underlying social interactions using a nonhuman primate model system. Several studies in this subfield, known as primate social neurophysiology, have begun to provide novel insights into how single neurons encode socially-relevant variables. This opinion piece intends to provide insight into the state of this field. In doing so, it discusses some common principles learned from primate social neurophysiology experiments.
Cell-Specific RNA Binding Protein Rbfox2 Regulates CaV2.2 mRNA Exon Composition and CaV2.2 Current Size
Authors: Allen Summer E. , Toro Cecilia P. , Andrade Arturo , López-Soto Eduardo J. , Denome Sylvia , Lipscombe Diane 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe majority of multiexon mammalian genes contain alternatively spliced exons that have unique expression patterns in different cell populations and that have important cell functions. The expression profiles of alternative exons are controlled by cell-specific splicing factors that can promote exon inclusion or exon skipping but with few exceptions we do not know which specific splicing factors control the expression of alternatively spliced exons of known biological function. Many ion channel genes undergo extensive alternative splicing includingCacna1bthat encodes the voltage-gated CaV2.2 α1 subunit. Alternatively spliced exon 18a inCacna1bRNA encodes 21 amino acids in the II-III loop of CaV2.2, and its expression differs across the nervous system and over development. Genome-wide, protein-RNA binding analyses coupled to high-throughput RNA sequencing show that RNA binding Fox (Rbfox) proteins associate with CaV2.2 (Cacna1b) pre-mRNAs. Here, we link Rbfox2 to suppression of e18a. We show increased e18a inclusion in CaV2.2 mRNAs: (1) after siRNA knockdown of Rbfox2 in a neuronal cell line and (2) in RNA from sympathetic neurons of adult compared to early postnatal mice. By immunoprecipitation of Rbfox2-RNA complexes followed by qPCR, we demonstrate reduced Rbfox2 binding upstream of e18a in RNA from sympathetic neurons of adult compared to early postnatal mice. CaV2.2 currents in cell lines and in sympathetic neurons expressing only e18a-CaV2.2 are larger compared to currents from those expressing only Δ18a-CaV2.2. We conclude that Rbfox2 represses e18a inclusion during pre-mRNA splicing of CaV2.2, limiting the size of CaV2.2 currents early in development in certain neuronal populations.
A novel microglial subset plays a key role in myelinogenesis in developing brain
Authors: Wlodarczyk Agnieszka , Holtman Inge R , Krueger Martin , Yogev Nir , Bruttger Julia , Khorooshi Reza , Benmamar‐Badel Anouk , de Boer‐Bergsma Jelkje J , Martin Nellie A , Karram Khalad , Kramer Isabella , Boddeke Erik WGM , Waisman Ari , Eggen Bart JL , Owens Trevor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicroglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that contribute to homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Although known to play an important role in brain development, their exact function has not been fully described. Here, we show that in contrast to healthy adult and inflammation‐activated cells, neonatal microglia show a unique myelinogenic and neurogenic phenotype. A CD11c+ microglial subset that predominates in primary myelinating areas of the developing brain expresses genes for neuronal and glial survival, migration, and differentiation. These cells are the major source of insulin‐like growth factor 1, and its selective depletion from CD11c+ microglia leads to impairment of primary myelination. CD11c‐targeted toxin regimens induced a selective transcriptional response in neonates, distinct from adult microglia. CD11c+ microglia are also found in clusters of repopulating microglia after experimental ablation and in neuroinflammation in adult mice, but despite some similarities, they do not recapitulate neonatal microglial characteristics. We therefore identify a unique phenotype of neonatal microglia that deliver signals necessary for myelination and neurogenesis.
LncRNA wires up Hippo and Hedgehog signaling to reprogramme glucose metabolism
Authors: Zheng Xin , Han Han , Liu Guang‐Ping , Ma Yan‐Xiu , Pan Ruo‐Lang , Sang Ling‐Jie , Li Rui‐Hua , Yang Luo‐Jia , Marks Jeffrey R , Wang Wenqi , Lin Aifu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Hippo pathway plays essential roles in organ size control and cancer prevention via restricting its downstream effector, Yes‐associated protein (YAP). Previous studies have revealed an oncogenic function of YAP in reprogramming glucose metabolism, while the underlying mechanism remains to be fully clarified. Accumulating evidence suggests long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as attractive therapeutic targets, given their roles in modulating various cancer‐related signaling pathways. In this study, we report that lncRNA breast cancer anti‐estrogen resistance 4 (BCAR4) is required for YAP‐dependent glycolysis. Mechanistically, YAP promotes the expression of BCAR4, which subsequently coordinates the Hedgehog signaling to enhance the transcription of glycolysis activators HK2 and PFKFB3. Therapeutic delivery of locked nucleic acids (LNAs) targeting BCAR4 attenuated YAP‐dependent glycolysis and tumor growth. The expression levels of BCAR4 and YAP are positively correlated in tissue samples from breast cancer patients, where high expression of both BCAR4 and YAP is associated with poor patient survival outcome. Taken together, our study not only reveals the mechanism by which YAP reprograms glucose metabolism, but also highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting YAP‐BCAR4‐glycolysis axis for breast cancer treatment.
First Draft Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic Fungus Lomentospora prolificans (Formerly Scedosporium prolificans)
Authors: Luo Ruibang , Zimin Aleksey , Workman Rachael , Fan Yunfan , Pertea Geo , Grossman Nina , Wear Maggie P , Jia Bei , Miller Heather , Casadevall Arturo , Timp Winston , Zhang Sean X , Salzberg Steven L 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Here we describe the sequencing and assembly of the pathogenic fungus Lomentospora prolificans using a combination of short, highly accurate Illumina reads and additional coverage in very long Oxford Nanopore reads. The resulting assembly is highly contiguous, containing a total of 37,627,092 bp with over 98% of the sequence in just 26 scaffolds. Annotation identified 8896 protein-coding genes. Pulsed-field gel analysis suggests that this organism contains at least 7 and possibly 11 chromosomes, the two longest of which have sizes corresponding closely to the sizes of the longest scaffolds, at 6.6 and 5.7 Mb.