bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 8
Authors: Flakus Adam , Oset Magdalena , Rykaczewski Max , Schiefelbein Ulf , Kukwa Martin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper presents new records of 135 lichen taxa in Bolivia. Two species, Myriotrema laeviusculum (Nyl.) Hale and Graphis tenoriensis Chaves & Lücking, are new for the Southern Hemisphere; two, Cladonia uncialis (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. and Thelocarpon laureri (Flot.) Nyl., are new for South America; and 27 species are new for Bolivia: Acanthotrema brasilianum (Hale) Frisch, Bulbothrix laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale, B. leprieurii Aubel, Canoparmelia salacinifera (Hale) Hale, Catolechia wahlenbergii (Flot. ex Ach.) Körb., Chapsa alborosella (Nyl.) Frisch, Coccocarpia dissecta Swinscow & Krog, Graphis apertoinspersa Rivas Plata & Lücking, G. cinerea Fée, G. globosa (Fée) Spreng., G. haleana R. C. Harris, G. marginata Raddi, G. pilarensis Cáceres & Lücking, G. striatula (Ach.) Spreng., Hemithecium oryzaeforme (Fée) Staiger, Hypotrachyna protochlorina Sipman, Elix & T. H. Nash, H. sinuosella Elix, T. H. Nash & Sipman, H. tariensis Elix, Parmeliella isidiopannosa Jørg., Parmotrema conferendum Hale, P. enteroxanthum Hale, P. laciniellum (Ferraro & Elix) Blanco et al., P. pilosum (Stizenb.) Krog & Swinscow, P. recipiendum (Nyl.) Hale, P. ruptum (Lynge) Hale ex DePriest & Hale, Pyxine pungens Zahlbr. and Xanthoparmelia substenophylloides Hale. Notes on distribution are provided for the species. Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale is excluded from the list of Bolivian lichens; the record is referred to B. laevigatula.
Depression and Hypothyroidism in a Population-Based Study of Iranian Women
Authors: Zavareh Abbas Tavalaei , Jomhouri Rohollah , Bejestani Hadi Shahrad , Arshad Mahmoud , Daneshmand Mohammadali , Ziaei Hossein , Babadi Neda , Amiri Marzieh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground. Recent biochemical and physiological investigations have focused on the fundament of mood disorders in thyroid dysfunction. The present study aimed to address depressive disorder in a sample of Iranian hypothyroid women compared to euthyroid individuals.Methods. Thirty consecutive hypothyroid female patients aged 25 to 40 years who referred to the Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic at Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran within a four-month period in 2015 were assessed. Thirty healthy euthyroid subjects matched for sex, age, and educational level were selected as the control. For assessment of depression status, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was employed.Results. The study showed higher mean depression score in hypothyroid patients when compared to euthyroid ones (13.8 ± 9.5 versus 5.8 ± 5.2, p = 0.010). No significant association was revealed between mean depression score and patients’ education level (p = 0.627), age (p = 0.967), occupation status (p = 0.211), and marital status (p = 0.556).Conclusion. Hypothyroid women are predisposed to depressive symptoms independent of their baseline demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Limit behavior of the Esscher premium
Authors: Pratsiovytyi Mykola V. , Drozdenko Vitaliy O. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Convergence from below of the Esscher premium for an arbitrary insurance risk to the essential supremum of the priced risk when the premium parameter tends to plus infinity is presented in the article. As a corollary of the above mentioned statement, we present convergence of the expected/averaged Esscher transform of an arbitrary random variable to its essential infimum from above when the transformation parameter tends to minus infinity.
Quasi-periodic Solutions to the K(−2, −2) Hierarchy
Authors: Wu Lihua , Geng Xianguo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
With the help of the characteristic polynomial of Lax matrix for the K(−2, −2) hierarchy, we define a hyperelliptic curve 𝒦
n+1 of arithmetic genus n+1. By introducing the Baker–Akhiezer function and meromorphic function, the K(−2, −2) hierarchy is decomposed into Dubrovin-type differential equations. Based on the theory of hyperelliptic curve, the explicit Riemann theta function representation of meromorphic function is given, and from which the quasi-periodic solutions to the K(−2, −2) hierarchy are obtained.
Alteration of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission by Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 in Cerebellar Stellate Cells
Authors: Maroteaux Matthieu , Liu Siqiong June 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fluorescent dyes, Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 are commonly used to visualize dendritic structures and the localization of synapses, both of which are critical for the spatial and temporal integration of synaptic inputs. However, the effect of the dyes on synaptic transmission is not known. Here we investigated whether Alexa Fluor dyes alter the properties of synaptic currents mediated by two subtypes of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at cerebellar stellate cell synapses. In naive mice, GluA2-lacking AMPAR-mediated synaptic currents displayed an inwardly rectifying current–voltage (I–V) relationship due to blockade by cytoplasmic spermine at depolarized potentials. We found that the inclusion of 100 µmAlexa Fluor dye, but not 10 µm, in the pipette solution led to a gradual increase in the amplitude of EPSCs at +40 mV and a change in theI–Vrelationship from inwardly rectifying to more linear. In mice exposed to an acute stress, AMPARs switched to GluA2-containing receptors, and 100 µmAlexa Fluor 594 did not alter theI–Vrelationship of synaptic currents. Therefore, a high concentration of Alexa Fluor dye changed theI–Vrelationship of EPSCs at GluA2-lacking AMPAR synapses.
Preventing Exacerbations in Preschoolers With Recurrent Wheeze: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kaiser Sunitha V. , Huynh Tram , Bacharier Leonard B. , Rosenthal Jennifer L. , Bakel Leigh Anne , Parkin Patricia C. , Cabana Michael D. 
Published: May 2016

CONTEXT:
Half of children experience wheezing by age 6 years, and optimal strategies for preventing severe exacerbations are not well defined.

OBJECTIVE:
Synthesize the evidence of the effects of daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), intermittent ICS, and montelukast in preventing severe exacerbations among preschool children with recurrent wheeze.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline (1946, 2/25/15), Embase (1947, 2/25/15), CENTRAL.

STUDY SELECTION:
Studies were included based on design (randomized controlled trials), population (children ≤6 years with asthma or recurrent wheeze), intervention and comparison (daily ICS vs placebo, intermittent ICS vs placebo, daily ICS vs intermittent ICS, ICS vs montelukast), and outcome (exacerbations necessitating systemic steroids).

DATA EXTRACTION:
Completed by 2 independent reviewers.

RESULTS:
Twenty-two studies (N = 4550) were included. Fifteen studies (N = 3278) compared daily ICS with placebo and showed reduced exacerbations with daily medium-dose ICS (risk ratio [RR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.79; NNT = 9). Subgroup analysis of children with persistent asthma showed reduced exacerbations with daily ICS compared with placebo (8 studies, N = 2505; RR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46–0.70; NNT = 11) and daily ICS compared with montelukast (1 study, N = 202; RR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38–0.92). Subgroup analysis of children with intermittent asthma or viral-triggered wheezing showed reduced exacerbations with preemptive high-dose intermittent ICS compared with placebo (5 studies, N = 422; RR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.51–0.81; NNT = 6).

LIMITATIONS:
More studies are needed that directly compare these strategies.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is strong evidence to support daily ICS for preventing exacerbations in preschool children with recurrent wheeze, specifically in children with persistent asthma. For preschool children with intermittent asthma or viral-triggered wheezing, there is strong evidence to support intermittent ICS for preventing exacerbations.
Reconstrucción post-terremoto en la ruralidad del Maule
Authors: Concha-Saldias Claudia Monica , Micheletti Stefano , Olivares-Larraín Rodrigo , Rasse-Figueroa Alejandra 
Published: May 2016

<p>Los efectos del terremoto del 27 de febrero de 2010 que afectó la zona central de Chile se hicieron sentir con más fuerza en los sectores rurales que en los urbanos, especialmente en la región del Maule. A pesar de haber recibido un impacto mayor y de sus especificidades socioterritoriales, en las comunas rurales se aplicaron las mismas políticas y programas de reconstrucción que en las comunas urbanas, puesto que fueron diseñados de forma estándar para todo el país.</p><p>El presente artículo constituye una reflexión sobre el modelo de reconstrucción aplicado en las localidades rurales y sus repercusiones en la región del Maule, con base en la revisión de fuentes secundarias (encuestas y estadísticas oficiales del post-terremoto) y en la realización de entrevistas y grupos focales a los diversos actores involucrados. Los resultados advierten que a las desventajas estructurales que poseen las localidades rurales, se suma una política estatal de reconstrucción que se desligó de la intervención territorial pos-catástrofe, dejando la provisión de viviendas y la reposición de infraestructura casi en su totalidad en manos de entes privados, mientras que su ejecución efectiva quedó condicionada a la coordinación intersectorial a nivel regional.</p>
Editorial: Ciudad y hábitat en el postconflicto en Colombia y el mundo
Authors: Torres-Tovar Carlos Alberto , López-Franco Carlos Andrés 
Published: May 2016

<p>Las últimas negociaciones de paz que se iniciaron el 18 de octubre de 2012 en la ciudad de La Habana (Cuba) entre el gobierno colombiano y el grupo insurgente de las FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia), en las cuales se pretende llegar a un “acuerdo general para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera”. De modo paralelo, se avanza mediante la denominada fase exploratoria hacia el inicio de una negociación con la insurgencia del ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional), grupo con el aún no se ha instalado una mesa de trabajo formal.</p><p><br />Estas negociaciones plantean un escenario a futuro de postconflicto o post-acuerdo que hace urgente y necesario reflexionar sobre tal situación, y sus impactos en escenarios como la ciudad, lo urbano, el hábitat y lo territorial.</p>
Prioridades socioambientales para un territorio en paz
Authors: Negret-Fernandez Fernando , Torres-Tovar Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2016

<p>Este trabajo busca contribuir a la comprensión de la relación entre el conflicto social y armado en Colombia, y la pobreza. Para ello, primero se hace una breve discusión sobre los conceptos de sociedad, territorio y conflicto, así como de prioridades socioambientales. Luego se presenta un análisis de las cifras oficiales sobre las condiciones de vida en tres municipios en cada uno de los 11 departamentos con mayor número de víctimas, mayor número de eventos de violencia y mayor incidencia de la pobreza extrema. Se finaliza con una propuesta general para determinar las prioridades sociales y ambientales en el territorio con el fin de consolidar la paz en Colombia.</p>
Estado, sociedad civil y gobernanza local en contextos violentos. Algunos temas para una agenda de investigación
Authors: Galindo Hernández Carolina 
Published: May 2016

<p>Como una introducción a la sección temática de este volúmen, este artículo sugiere, a partir de tres experiencias concretas, una serie de temas para la construcción de una agenda de investigación relacionada con la conflictiva coexistencia del Estado y diferentes actores de la sociedad civil, armados y no armados, en escenarios marcados por el uso de la violencia como dispositivo de ejercicio del poder sobre un territorio y un colectivo. Las experiencias presentadas dan cuenta de tres escenarios y momentos muy diferentes: un linchamiento en la ciudad peruana de Ilave en el 2004, el triunfo electoral en el 2011 de un candidato de izquierda en una ciudad colombiana controlada por el paramilitarismo y la reciente desaparición de 43 estudiantes en Ayotzinapa, México, en el 2014. El caso de los linchamientos plantea el reto de examinar prácticas jurídicas locales que pueden conducir al ejercicio de la “justicia por mano propia”. Para el caso colombiano, estas prácticas locales, más allá de las “justicias comunitarias”, han descansado básicamente en manos de los actores armados, planteando así importantes desafíos en el análisis de los legados de estas prácticas en un escenario de posconflicto. Este segundo caso conduce, también, a la reflexión sobre las posibilidades de resistencia y mecanismos de rendición de cuentas bajo el control de actores armados. Por último, el tercer caso plantea la cuestión sobre la cooperación abierta u oculta entre actores estatales y no estatales en zonas de conflicto, en especial bajo el control de redes de crimen organizado. En la medida en que sea posible indagar en aspectos que precisan de un mayor detenimiento en la comprensión del fenómeno, será también factible definir líneas de intervención que permitan superar los<br />desafíos que escenarios como el posconflicto, para casos como el colombiano, plantean en términos de la convivencia pacífica y de una realización efectiva de la ciudadanía.</p>
El control del crecimiento de la población y las mujeres en México: organismos internacionales, sociedad civil y políticas públicas
Authors: García Gossio María Ileana 
Published: May 2016

<p>En las sociedades modernas, la regulación poblacional se desarrolla en cada Estado-nación a través de políticas de control de los nacimientos. En el afán por regular la población, las instancias gubernamentales han ubicado a las mujeres más como objetos por controlar para alcanzar ciertos indicadores, que como sujetos con necesidades específicas con respecto a su salud sexual y reproductiva. Las mujeres han sido concebidas básicamente como seres domésticos, que deben cumplir con las funciones de ama de casa, esposa y madre, antes que acceder al trabajo remunerado y a lo público en su conjunto. En el trabajo se aborda la posición de varios actores, tanto institucionales como de la sociedad civil, así como su interrelación con los movimientos feministas, los organismos internacionales involucrados y las propuestas gubernamentales, en el periodo 1970 al 2012, en México. El análisis del control natal se aborda desde la salud reproductiva, vinculada a la salud sexual, a la luz de la perspectiva de género, sin perder de vista el vínculo de los actores involucrados. La política gubernamental del siglo XX e inicios del XXI parte del supuesto, sin obviar sus matices, de las “mujeres objeto”. La primera parte del siglo XX hasta 1970 se caracterizó por una política gubernamental pronatalista, con lemas como el del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas: “Gobernar es poblar”. A partir de los cambios de la década de los sesenta, la política gubernamental se orientó hacia la reducción de la natalidad: “pocos hijos para darles mucho” y “la familia pequeña vive mejor”. Tanto la postura pronatalista como la de control natal partieron del supuesto de que las mujeres son solo “seres para otros”, objetos y no sujetos de las políticas públicas demográficas. Por su parte, los organismos internacionales las consideraron, en un primer momento, como el factor clave para el control natal, pero también como un principio de desarrollo. En un segundo momento, las mujeres fueron identificadas en el discurso político de acuerdo con las demandas feministas: como sujetos con derechos, con base en supuestos con perspectiva de género.</p>
THE THEORETICAL INTEGRATIVE MODEL FOR THE LATVIAN CLINICAL PERSONALITY INVENTORY
Authors: Kolesnikova Jelena , Perepjolkina Viktorija , Martinsone Kristine , Stepens Ainars 
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical integrative model, which reflects contemporary tendencies in the understanding of mental disorders and functional impairment, and which is used as a theoretical frame for the development of the Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory (LCPI). This article, based on the latest research findings in the field, supports the necessity of a combined analysis of mental disorders and functional impairment. Due to scientific findings and deeper understanding of the interrelation between mental disorders and functioning impairment, it has become possible to develop psychological instruments for valid assessment of the disturbances in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, and behaviour combining with analysis of most essential and relevant aspects of their functioning. An integrative theoretical model of LCPI, developed on the selected criteria from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM – 5; APA, 2013) and WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; WHO, 2001/2015) is presented in the article. Conducted literature analysis permits to conclude, that in a context of clinical personality assessment, a combined analysis of symptoms of mental disorders and relevant functioning criteria is very promising and will be useful in many assessment contexts. Based on such an integrative approach the Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory is currently being developed. This project is a part of the National Research Programme (No. 5.8.2.).
PROBLEMATIC OF MÖBIUS SYNDROME- CASE STUDY
Authors: Tabachová Jana 
Published: May 2016

The article focuses on the problematic of Möbius syndrome, a specific description of a child with this syndrome. This is a very rare syndrome. At the time of diagnosing this girl‘s syndrome, doctors in the Czech Republic had almost no experience and had no seen any other child with Möbius syndrome. So she got the intensive care specific for this syndrome just before her third birthday. The aim of our study was to obtain data in motor development, cognitive skills and abilities and especially to obtain information about speech development. In this article, we try to capture the main therapeutic approaches that led to the development of communication skills and promote the development of all language levels.
EARLY INTERVENTION POSSIBILITIES IN ASPECT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Prudņikova Ilga , Jankovska Jekaterīna 
Published: May 2016

Inclusive education is an essential component, which provides people with special needs state of society in the future. Nowadays education, bringing together scientists, psychologists, educators theories and knowledge, gives off the focus early intervention idea. Early help is different sectoral expert professional advice and support. Fundamental of early intervention is inter-institutional cooperation that promote child development and socialization. Child's preparation to school is directly related to the timely, early assistance and support measures. Quality of inclusive education depends on all the parties of professional competence.
LIFELONG EDUCATION AS A KEY FACTOR OF THE TRANSFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL’S POTENTIAL
Authors: Tatarinceva Anna , Gode Ina 
Published: May 2016

The Actuality of the proposed research is caused by the facts that the rapid development of market relations in the Latvian economy and a high level of life in the “old countries” of the European Union affect the outlook of the majority of young people in Latvia. There is a tendency to reduce the motivation for obtaining fundamental education by giving preference to acquisition of certain professional skills allowed to get ‘quick money”. The Object of the research is the transformation process of students’ beliefs, values, competences, experience during their lifelong learning. The Aim of the research in to analyze the influence of lifelong education on the transformation of students’ beliefs, values, competences and experience. The Methods of the research are the following: 1.theoretical methods: the theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the given problem; 2.quantitative methods: questionnaires; 3.the empirical analysis of the survey’s answers given by students of Latvian higher and vocational schools about the transformation of their beliefs, values, competences, experience during the process of lifelong learning. The Baltic International Academy (Riga, Latvia), The Latvian Agricultural University and the Jelgava College (Jelgava, Latvia) were used as the experimental Base of the research.
ADULT LEARNING: TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Čižikienė Janina , Urmanavičienė Audronė 
Published: May 2016

The European Union's education and lifelong learning policy stresses informal learning within the society. The article aims to review the concept of lifelong learning and to analyze opportunities for continuous learning process in organizations. New technologies, innovations in the workplace and professional training encourage employees to improve constantly and awareness of the importance of lifelong learning can help to secure their future in a changing labor market. Research methods applied were as following: literature and document analysis, expert interviews, analysis of the results and interpretation. The article presents a review of scientific literature and research data reveals leaders’ approach to employees' willingness to raise their qualification constantly and the organization's opportunities. The survey showed that employers want to have a highly qualified staff meeting the requirements of the organization, but do not always have sufficient funds for professional development.
THE REFLECTION OF PEDAGOGUE’S IDENTITY IN THE LIFE ACTIVITIES: THEORETICAL RESEARCH MODEL
Authors: Medveckis Arturs 
Published: May 2016

The innovative research model presented in this article includes the micro, mezzo, and macro context of the identity by expressing its multiple dimensions of the pedagogue’s personality in personal, cultural and historical and social aspect. The dispositional traits of personality i.e. emotions, talent, behaviour and opinion, along with the adaptation characteristics i.e. interests, motivation, values, attitudes and character are analysed in the micro context. The meaning of the respective social environment is drawn in the mezzo context where the pedagogue’s, family, student’s and religious identity develop. The further crystallisation of the identity happens in the macro context that influences the development of professional, national, local, political and cultural identity.
EDUCATIONAL TOURISM IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE TOURISM PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Dembovska Iveta , Silicka Inese , Ļubkina Velta 
Published: May 2016

The concept of educational tour (field trip) and the importance and role of educational tours in the training of future tourism professionals are explored and analysed in the paper. The concept of educational tourism is formulated and the types of field trips are identified in the result of the research. A sociological survey with the aim to find out opinions of tourism students on the necessity, preferable types, and duration of field trips was conducted as well.Research methods: the logical construction method, scientific induction, synthesis, the monographic method, methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis for processing the survey results.
Nationwide Incidence of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) Assessed by Insurance Claim Data in Germany
Authors: Lemcke Johannes , Stengel Dirk , Stockhammer Florian , Güthoff Claas , Rohde Veit , Meier Ullrich 
Published: May 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in Germany.

Methods:
The database of the nationwide Barmer Health Insurance was queried for specific combinations of corresponding International Classification of Diseases, Ninth
Revision (ICD-9) codes and OPS codes (German modification of the ICPM and official classification of surgical procedures) in order to assess the number of patients treated for iNPH and the number surgical procedures associated with the disease in a 10 years period between 2003 and 2012.

Results:
Between 2003 and 2012, the incidence of iNPH increased from zero to 1.36/100.000/year.

Conclusion:
This is the first population-based epidemiologic study on iNPH in Germany covering a ten year period.