bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved healability for large‐sized electrical breakdown in thermosetting polythiourethane with excellent mechanical properties and electrical insulation
Authors: Zhang Zhuolin , Wu Kangning , Yang Zichao , Sui Haoran , An Dongxu , Cui Chenhui , Zhou Fusheng , Li Jianying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReplacing thermoset insulation by healable and recyclable covalent adaptable networks is a promising approach to the sustainable development of electrical and electronic devices. However, the repair performance gifted by dynamic covalent bonds always conflicts with the excellent mechanical properties gifted by stiff cross‐linked networks. In this paper, by introducing dynamic thiocarbamate bonds, polythiourethane (PTU) with excellent mechanical properties and electrical insulation comparable to commercial epoxy resins are successfully developed, which exhibit superior healability and recyclability properties. Sub‐centimeter scale electrical breakdown failures of the PTU samples could be efficiently self‐healed with a healing efficiency up to 90%, while the storage modulus and volume resistivity exceeded 2 GPa and 1016 Ω cm, respectively. Even though the electrical breakdown strength inevitably declined after multiple repair processes, PTU samples could restore their initial excellent insulation performance by simply reprocessing with the efficiency above 95%. Moreover, the efficient healability performance of large‐sized electrical breakdown failures remained after the reprocessing. These outstanding characteristics underscore the tremendous potential of PTU materials as a new generation of sustainable high voltage insulation.
Expression‐based machine learning models for predicting plant tissue identity
Authors: Palande Sourabh , Arsenault Jeremy , Basurto‐Lozada Patricia , Bleich Andrew , Brown Brianna N. I. , Buysse Sophia F. , Connors Noelle A. , Das Adhikari Sikta , Dobson Kara C. , Guerra‐Castillo Francisco Xavier , Guerrero‐Carrillo Maria F. , Harlow Sophia , Herrera‐Orozco Héctor , Hightower Asia T. , Izquierdo Paulo , Jacobs MacKenzie , Johnson Nicholas A. , Leuenberger Wendy , Lopez‐Hernandez Alessandro , Luckie‐Duque Alicia , Martínez‐Avila Camila , Mendoza‐Galindo Eddy J. , Plancarte David Cruz , Schuster Jenny M. , Shomer Harry , Sitar Sidney C. , Steensma Anne K. , Thomson Joanne Elise , Villaseñor‐Amador Damián , Waterman Robin , Webster Brandon M. , Whyte Madison , Zorilla‐Azcué Sofía , Montgomery Beronda L. , Husbands Aman Y. , Krishnan Arjun , Percival Sarah , Munch Elizabeth , VanBuren Robert , Chitwood Daniel H. , Rougon‐Cardoso Alejandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPremiseThe selection of Arabidopsis as a model organism played a pivotal role in advancing genomic science. The competing frameworks to select an agricultural‐ or ecological‐based model species were rejected, in favor of building knowledge in a species that would facilitate genome‐enabled research.MethodsHere, we examine the ability of models based on Arabidopsis gene expression data to predict tissue identity in other flowering plants. Comparing different machine learning algorithms, models trained and tested on Arabidopsis data achieved near perfect precision and recall values, whereas when tissue identity is predicted across the flowering plants using models trained on Arabidopsis data, precision values range from 0.69 to 0.74 and recall from 0.54 to 0.64.ResultsThe identity of belowground tissue can be predicted more accurately than other tissue types, and the ability to predict tissue identity is not correlated with phylogenetic distance from Arabidopsis. k‐nearest neighbors is the most successful algorithm, suggesting that gene expression signatures, rather than marker genes, are more valuable to create models for tissue and cell type prediction in plants.DiscussionOur data‐driven results highlight that the assertion that knowledge from Arabidopsis is translatable to other plants is not always true. Considering the current landscape of abundant sequencing data, we should reevaluate the scientific emphasis on Arabidopsis and prioritize plant diversity.
Reconfigurable Photonic Lattices Based on Atomic Coherence
Authors: Yuan Jiaqi , Liang Shun , Yu Qingsong , Li Changbiao , Zhang Yanpeng , Xiao Min , Zhang Zhaoyang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe array of coupled optical waveguides, which is also viewed as a photonic lattice, can exhibit abundant photonic band structures depending on the desired spatial arrangements of involved waveguides. Studies of photonic lattices are usually performed in solid‐state materials, where the required periodic susceptibilities can be achieved by employing the femtosecond laser direct‐writing or optical induction method, and have spawned flourishing achievements in manipulating the behaviors of light. Recently, the concept of electromagnetically induced photonic lattice (EIPL) is proposed under the well‐known electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in coherently prepared multilevel alkali‐metal atomic systems, where the strong coupling beams producing EIT possess spatially periodic intensity profiles. The inherited instantaneous tunability of susceptibility from EIT‐modulated atomic coherence allows for the easy reconfigurability of EIPLs, which gives rise to exotic beam dynamics under such a readily controllable framework. This paper summarizes the historical overview and recent advances of the in situ and all‐optically reconfigurable EIPLs. The Introduction section provides the scheme and formation of the EIPL via atomic coherence. The following sections review the recently demonstrated dynamical properties of light in various 1D and 2D EIPLs and in compound EIPLs built by two coupling fields. The final section gives brief concluding remarks.
Enhancing exam question quality in medical education through bootstrapping
Authors: Mohiyeddini Changiz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMedical schools are required to assess and evaluate their curricula and to develop exam questions with strong reliability and validity evidence, often based on data derived from statistically small samples of medical students. Achieving a large enough sample to reliably and validly evaluate courses, assessments, and exam questions would require extensive data collection over many years, which is inefficient, especially in the fast‐changing educational environment of medical schools. This article demonstrates how advanced quantitative methods, such as bootstrapping, can provide reliable data by resampling a single dataset to create many simulated samples. This economic approach, among others, allows for the creation of confidence intervals and, consequently, the accurate evaluation of exam questions as well as broader course and curriculum assessments. Bootstrapping offers a robust alternative to traditional methods, improving the psychometric quality of exam questions, and contributing to fair and valid assessments in medical education.
Water hyacinth biorefinery: Improved biofuel production using Trichoderma atroviride pretreatment
Authors: Ilo Obianuju P. , Simatele Mulala D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe pyrolysis of water hyacinth is gaining attention and acceptance as a resource recovery technique due to its availability and economic viability. However, the presence of lignin, one of the three major biomass fractions, presents significant challenges for profitable water hyacinth processing for biofuel production. Fungal pretreatment of water hyacinth for lignin breakdown has been explored but the application of Trichoderma atroviride as a pretreatment for pyrolysis is relatively novel. The efficacy of T. atroviride pretreatment in improving water hyacinth's pyrolytic products using a fixed‐bed reactor was therefore investigated in this study. The optimization process was studied using a central composite design in response surface methodology with Design Expert 13. Delignification of the biomass was established because the elemental analysis showed a 25.42% increase in cellulose content and a 23.40% and 3.37% decrease in lignin and hemicellulose content, respectively. The biomass pretreatment applied influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of the pyrolytic products. The highest pyrolysis oil yield increased by 25.81% at 575 °C and particle size 2290 μm, and the highest char yield decreased by 4.23% at 273 °C and particle size 1500 μm. This research is crucial for policy and research conversations as it offers a scientific basis for the application of T. atroviride pretreatment in biomass pyrolysis technology and emphasizes the optimal utilization of water hyacinths to obtain socio‐environmental benefits.
Factors affecting generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, use in higher education: An application of technology acceptance model
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Farrukh , Xu Shuo , Asif Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools, such as ChatGPT, in higher education presents numerous opportunities and challenges. The use of GAI technologies in various fields, including education, has accelerated as technology develops. The widely used language model ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, has become progressively more important, especially in the field of education. This study employs the technology acceptance model to investigate the factors influencing the employment of ChatGPT within the higher education sector of Pakistan. This study employed the PLS‐SEM method for probing data collected from 368 Pakistani university students. The findings indicate that ChatGPT trust positively mediates the affiliation between ChatGPT self‐efficacy, ChatGPT actual use, ChatGPT use for information and ChatGPT use for interaction. Further, ChatGPT usefulness and ChatGPT ease of use significantly moderate the association between ChatGPT self‐efficacy and ChatGPT trust. Educators must encourage students to use ChatGPT safely to preserve their critical thinking, problem‐solving abilities and creativity during assessments. This study contributes to understanding generative AI tools such as ChatGPT that are used in educational settings and provides insights for administrators and policymakers aiming to implement these technologies effectively.
Analysis of the Plasticity of Circulating Tumor Cells Reveals Differentially Regulated Kinases During the Suspension‐to‐Adherent Transition
Authors: Smit Daniel J. , Hoffer Konstantin , Bettin Bettina , Kriegs Malte , Cayrefourcq Laure , Schumacher Udo , Pantel Klaus , Alix‐Panabières Catherine , Jücker Manfred 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundResearch on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers the opportunity to better understand the initial steps of blood‐borne metastasis as main cause of cancer‐related deaths. Here, we have used the colon cancer CTC‐MCC‐41 and breast cancer CTC‐ITB‐01 lines, which were both established from human CTCs as permanent cell lines as models to further study CTC biology with special emphasis on anchorage‐independent survival and growth.Methods and ResultsBoth cell lines showed a marked intrinsic plasticity to switch between suspension and adherent in vitro growth, in 2D adherent culture conditions, and established an equilibrium of both growth patterns with predominant adherent cells in the CTC‐MCC‐41 line (77%) and suspension cells in the CTC‐ITB‐01 line (85%). Western blot analysis revealed a higher expression of pERK1/2 in CTC‐ITB‐01 adherent cells compared to the suspension counterpart that suggested the involvement of kinases in this process. Subsequent functional kinome profiling identified several serine/threonine as well as tyrosine kinases that were differentially regulated in adherent and suspension CTCs. In the adherent cells of the breast cancer line CTC‐ITB‐01 the activity of MSK1, Src family kinases and the PKG family was increased compared to the suspension counterpart. In adherent cells of the colorectal CTC‐MCC‐41 line, an increased activity of TYRO3 and JAK2 was detected, whereas p38 MAPK was strongly impaired in the suspension CTC‐MCC‐41 cells. Some of the regulated kinases, which include the Src family, TYRO3, MSK1, JAK2 and p38 MAPK, have been associated with crucial cellular processes including proliferation, migration and dormancy in the past.ConclusionsThe investigated CTC lines exhibit a high plasticity, similar to the concept of ‘adherent‐to‐suspension transition (AST)’ that was recently suggested as a new hallmark of tumor biology by Huh et al. Moreover, we identified differentially regulated kinome profiles that may represent potential targets for future studies on therapeutic interventions.
Management of penile fracture with complete urethral transection in a resource‐limited setting: A case report
Authors: Médéus Arens Jean Ricardo , Saint Hubert Stevenson , Sinha Mehul , Saint Jusca Kohlz Erley 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessagePenile fracture is a urological emergency that requires prompt surgical intervention for optimal outcomes. Early diagnosis based on clinical presentation and imaging if needed is crucial. Timely repair ensures the preservation of penile function and minimizes complications.AbstractPenile fracture (PF) is a rare but significant urological emergency characterized by the rupture of the tunica albuginea, often resulting from blunt trauma during sexual intercourse or other activities. The typical presentation includes sudden and severe penile pain, an audible “cracking” sound followed by swelling and deformity. While PF generally does not involve the urethra, bleeding from the urethral meatus suggests an associated urethral lesion. Imaging such as ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assess the extent of the injury. We report a case of a 28‐year‐old male who presented with sudden‐onset penile pain, swelling, and blood dripping from the urethral meatus after a traumatic sexual encounter. The injury occurred during vigorous intercourse when his erect penis struck his partner's buttocks. He heard a cracking sound followed by immediate detumescence, penile curvature, and urethral bleeding. At the hospital, the patient exhibited tachycardia and elevated blood pressure. Examination revealed deviation of the penis to the right, urethrorrhagia, and a tender, swollen penis. A clinical diagnosis of bilateral corpora cavernosa injury and partial rupture of the penile urethra was made. A urethral catheter was placed with difficulty, draining initially reddish urine followed by clear urine. Laboratory tests showed normal hemoglobin and coagulation profiles with mild bacteriuria and hematuria. Due to clear clinical signs, no radiological imaging was performed before surgery. Surgical exploration performed 48 h postinjury revealed a PF involving the right corpus cavernosum and a complete rupture of the spongy urethra. The corpus cavernosum was repaired using Vicryl 2–0 sutures followed by urethroplasty with Vicryl 5–0. Postoperative care included antibiotics and analgesics. The patient had an uneventful recovery with preserved penile sensitivity and function. PF is a rare urological emergency that necessitates prompt diagnosis and management to prevent long‐term complications. Although clinical presentation often suffices for diagnosis, imaging can be valuable in ambiguous cases. Surgical intervention is the preferred treatment, offering the best functional and cosmetic outcomes. This case underscores the importance of timely surgical repair to ensure favorable recovery and preservation of penile function.
Isolated gastric outlet obstruction secondary to metastatic invasive lobular breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Joshi Amey , Kaila Vishal , Kale Hemangi 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageIsolated gastric outlet obstruction secondary to breast carcinoma is a rare and often challenging diagnosis. Clinicians must be cognizant of this diagnosis even in cases where breast cancers have been in remission alongside more common causes of mechanical obstruction including pancreatic and gastric carcinomas and peptic ulcer disease.
Genetic architecture of Cercospora leaf spot response in table beet with implications for other Beta vulgaris crop types
Authors: Dixon Liam , Goldman Irwin L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTable beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) production is threatened by the fungal disease Cercospora leaf spot (CLS). Infections are common across table beet's closest relatives, including Swiss chard, sugar beet, and fodder beet (all B. v. subsp. vulgaris). This study was conducted to characterize the genetic architecture underlying CLS response in table beet. A secondary objective was to test whether CLS‐associated loci in table beet perform similarly across B. vulgaris crops. A diversity panel comprised of 168 table beet accessions and with an additional 70 accessions from all close relatives of table beet was screened for CLS response in replicated and inoculated field trials. Results from a genome‐wide association study of additive effects revealed seven quantitative trait loci mapped to chromosomes 1, 3, 7, and 9 to explain 30% of the phenotypic variation for CLS response in table beet. When the performance of these loci was compared between a table beet background and a background of Swiss chard, sugar beet, and fodder beet, two loci exhibited significantly different responses. Among the B. vulgaris crops, these loci may be unique to table beet germplasm and could be useful for the improvement of CLS resistance in other crop types. For the improvement of CLS resistance in table beet, this study identified the cultivar Winter Keeper as a potentially valuable source of resistance. The architecture of CLS response points to recurrent selection and backcross methods as effective strategies for the improvement of CLS resistance in table beet.
Terrestrial land use signals on groundwater fauna beyond current protection buffers
Authors: Knüsel Mara , Alther Roman , Altermatt Florian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are tightly linked, with direct implications for applied resource management and conservation. It is well known that human land use change and intensification of terrestrial systems can have large impacts on surface freshwater ecosystems. Contrastingly, the study and understanding of such land use impacts on groundwater communities is lagging behind. Both the impact strength of land use on groundwater communities and the spatial extents at which such interlinkages are operating are largely unknown, despite our reliance on groundwater for drinking water extraction as a key ecosystem service. Here, we analyzed groundwater amphipod occurrence from several hundred shallow groundwater aquifers used for drinking water extraction across a region of varying agricultural intensity and human population density in Switzerland. Despite drinking water extraction sites being generally built at locations with expected minimal aboveground impacts on water quality, we found a direct correlation between land use type and intensity within the surrounding catchment area and the locally measured nitrate concentrations, which is a direct proxy for drinking water quality. Furthermore, groundwater amphipods were more likely to be found at sites with higher forest coverage than at sites with higher crop and intensive pasture coverages, clearly indicating a tight connection between aboveground land use and groundwater biodiversity. Our results indicate that land use type effects on groundwater communities are most relevant and pronounced to spatial scales of about 400–1000 m around the groundwater sampling site. Importantly, the here identified spatial scale is 1.2‐ to 3‐fold exceeding the average extent of currently defined groundwater protection zones. We postulate that incorporating an ecosystem perspective into groundwater management strategies is needed for effective protection of groundwater quality and biodiversity.
A randomized clinical trial of emotional freedom techniques for chronic pain: Live versus self‐paced delivery with 6‐month follow‐up
Authors: Stapleton Peta , Wilson Clara , Uechtritz Nicola , Stewart Michele , McCosker Michelle , O'Keefe Tom , Blanchard Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain represents a major global healthcare crisis, and current treatments are limited in effectiveness and safety. Emotional freedom techniques (EFTs) show promise as a potential psychological treatment.MethodsThe current study investigated the effect of a randomized clinical trial of EFT for chronic pain in a sample of 147 adult chronic pain sufferers (89.9% female; mean 54.63 years). Participants engaged in a 6‐week EFT programme (either online self‐paced or in‐person).ResultsThe per‐protocol analysis indicated pain severity and interference scores were significantly lower at the end of treatment for the EFT group compared to waitlist, and these were sustained at follow‐up. There were no differences between the in‐person or self‐paced programmes at follow‐up for pain severity and interference. Somatic symptoms were significantly lower after EFT, although no further differences at follow‐up. Quality of life scores were significantly higher after EFT, which were sustained at follow‐up, and no differences between two styles of programme. No significant effects were found for anxiety, depression, happiness or satisfaction with life across the 6‐week programmes for either style of delivery or at follow‐up. These are discussed in terms of clinical score meanings. Intent‐to‐treat analysis was consistent with the per‐protocol analyses. Limitations of the study are identified and future directions are discussed.ConclusionsFindings offer early promise for EFT as a potentially effective pain management strategy, as well as support for online intervention without compromising treatment outcomes.Significance StatementAn emerging body‐based intervention for chronic pain may be a possible solution for remote clients who cannot attend in‐person sessions. In this clinical trial Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) significantly reduced chronic pain severity and interference, and there were no differences between and online self‐paced program toan online in‐person EFT intervention. Both were equally effective, also enhancing quality of life without compromising outcomes. The results were significant at 6‐month follow‐up/. These findings highlight a body‐based approach as a promising, accessible pain management strategy, and highlights that online programs may be part of the solution for chronic pain patients.
Electrostatic charge injection for reusing face masks: Mechanisms, performance, and a household alternative
Authors: Peng Zehua , Li Zhiyuan , Huang Xingcan , Yu Xinge , Leung Michael K. H. , Wang Zuankai , Yang Zhengbao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic underscores the effectiveness of face masks in combating respiratory infectious diseases and the importance of adequate supply. However, the widespread use of disposable masks has led to severe environmental pollution. In this study, we propose a two‐step strategy for mask reuse, aimed at both mitigating mask waste pollution and improving mask availability in future epidemic outbreaks. Our strategy involves disinfection and corona charging processes, enabling surgical masks to maintain a filtration efficiency of 88.7% even after five cycles of reuse. We highlight the crucial role of volume charges over surface charges in maintaining filtration performance stability and durability, and we visualize the underlying mechanisms using energy band diagrams and potential well models. Additionally, we introduce a simple household solution for simultaneously drying and charging, making it accessible for widespread use. Our research offers a viable strategy for promoting environmental sustainability and alleviating mask supply pressures during significant public health crises.image