bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal root fractures in posterior teeth without dental trauma: tooth/root distribution and clinical characteristics
Authors: Tsai Y.‐L. , Liao W.‐C. , Wang C.‐Y. , Chang M.‐C. , Chang S.‐H. , Chang S.‐F. , Chang C.‐W. , Huang Y.‐D. , Chan C.‐P. , Jeng J.‐H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo describe the clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of horizontal root fractures (HRF) in posterior teeth without a history of dental trauma.MethodologyA total 24 patients and 31 HRF cases in 28 posterior teeth were collected from 2006 to 2015. Clinical examinations and radiographic imaging were evaluated. Value of confidence intervals of the proportions was calculated for data presentation.ResultsThe number of males (54%) was similar to females (46%). The patients were predominantly between 50 and 70 years of age (75%). Most HRF cases were found in nonendodontically treated teeth (79%), without crown and bridge restorations (82%), and maxillary molars (54%). Many roots of maxillary molars had developed HRF, and the probability was nearly equal. Fractured teeth usually presented with periodontal and apical bone loss, and most patients (92%) were diagnosed with full mouth chronic periodontitis. Tooth wear was another common clinical feature amongst these patients.ConclusionsHRF in posterior teeth without dental trauma occurred mainly in patients aged between 50 and 70, in nonendodontically treated teeth, teeth with attrition but without crown and bridge restorations, maxillary molars and with periodontal and periapical bony destruction. Periodontal condition, occlusal wear and patients' age at diagnosis were the possible related factors. HRF in posterior teeth without dental trauma is a diagnostic challenge and even misdiagnosed. A thorough clinical examination, radiographic analysis and recognition of the clinical characteristics are helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of HRF.
Recession, austerity and gender: A comparison of eight European labour markets
Authors: PÉRIVIER Hélène 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe collapse in GDP brought about by the global economic crisis in 2008 affected female employment less than male employment, whereas austerity has been particularly harsh on women, a gendered impact described in the literature as “he‐cession to sh(e)‐austerity”. This article analyses gendered trends in the labour markets of eight European countries, decomposing quarterly changes in labour participation of women and men and in employment by sector. The “he‐cession to sh(e)‐austerity” scenario is not observed in all countries. Other channels through which austerity policies can jeopardize gender equality and women's rights are identified with reference to a typology of such policies.
Improving occupational health and safety risk evaluation through decision analysis
Authors: Oliveira Mónica D. , Lopes Diana F. , Bana e Costa Carlos A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRisk matrices (RMs) are extensively used for risk management, namely in occupational health and safety (OHS) settings, despite suffering from well‐known methodological problems. The IRIS approach (improving RMs) proposes to overcome those problems throughout the construction of value RMs (VRMs) that shift the basis of risk analysis from probability versus impact to probability versus “impact value.” This article describes the real‐world participatory process of building a VRM for an OHS unit. The complexity of the case required the enhancement of IRIS with soft mapping tools to structure the risk impact dimensions, the MACBETH‐Choquet (where MACBETH is measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique) procedure to model interdependent impacts, and a system of rules to risk probability assessment. A discussion on the model‐building process is presented, namely addressing the cognitive burden imposed on the participants by different value elicitation procedures, which informed the design of a decision support system to assist the managers of the OHS unit in using the VRM.
A compositional turnover zone of biogeographical magnitude within lowland Amazonia
Authors: Tuomisto Hanna , Moulatlet Gabriel M. , Balslev Henrik , Emilio Thaise , Figueiredo Fernando O. G. , Pedersen Dennis , Ruokolainen Kalle 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the relative roles of geologically defined terrain types (environmental heterogeneity) and a major river (physical dispersal barrier) as predictors of ecological structuring and biogeographical differentiation within Amazonian forests.LocationWestern Brazilian Amazonia, where the Juruá river and its terraces cross a 1000‐km‐long boundary between two geological formations (the Solimões and Içá Formations).MethodsWe sampled a 500‐km stretch of the Juruá with 71 transects (5 m by 500 m) that spanned both the river and the geological boundary. All transects were inventoried for pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) and Melastomataceae, and a subset of 39 transects also for palms and Zingiberales. Three surface soil samples were collected from each transect. The data were analysed using ordinations, regression trees, indicator species analyses and Mantel tests.ResultsAll plant groups showed congruent species turnover between geologically defined terrain types, but little evidence of isolation by the river or geographical distance. Soil cation concentration differed between the Solimões Formation and other terrain types and emerged as the main explanatory factor for species turnover. A large proportion of the plant species were significant indicators for specific parts of the soil cation concentration gradient, and these edaphic associations were congruent with those found in other parts of Amazonia. Pteridophytes had a larger proportion of species in the cation‐rich soils than the other plant groups did, and palms had a higher proportion of generalists.Main conclusionsThe geological boundary between the Solimões and Içá formations is confirmed as significant floristic turnover zone. As it runs in a north–south orientation for more than 1000 km, the edaphic differences associated with this boundary have wide‐ranging implications for speciation and biogeographical patterns in Amazonia.
Necroptosis is a key mediator of enterocytes loss in intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Wen Shihong , Ling Yihong , Yang Wenjing , Shen Jiantong , Li Cai , Deng Wentao , Liu Weifeng , Liu Kexuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCell death is an important biological process that is believed to have a central role in intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. While the apoptosis inhibition is pivotal in preventing intestinal I/R, how necrotic cell death is regulated remains unknown. Necroptosis represents a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that combines the features of both apoptosis and necrosis, and it has been implicated in the development of a range of inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that receptor‐interacting protein 1/3 (RIP1/3) kinase and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein recruitment mediates necroptosis in a rat model of ischaemic intestinal injury in vivo. Furthermore, necroptosis was specifically blocked by the RIP1 kinase inhibitor necrostatin‐1. In addition, the combined treatment of necrostatin‐1 and the pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD acted synergistically to protect against intestinal I/R injury, and these two pathways can be converted to one another when one is inhibited. In vitro, necrostatin‐1 pre‐treatment reduced the necroptotic death of oxygen‐glucose deprivation challenged intestinal epithelial cell‐6 cells, which in turn dampened the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β), and suppressed high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the subsequent release of HMGB1 into the supernatant, thus decreasing the activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Collectively, our study reveals a robust RIP1/RIP3‐dependent necroptosis pathway in intestinal I/R‐induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro and suggests that the HMGB1 signalling is highly involved in this process, making it a novel therapeutic target for acute ischaemic intestinal injury.
Peripheral blood neutrophil extracellular trap production and degradation in chronic periodontitis
Authors: White Phillipa , Sakellari Dimitra , Roberts Helen , Risafi Idyli , Ling Martin , Cooper Paul , Milward Mike , Chapple Iain 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate ex vivo peripheral neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and their subsequent degradation by plasma in chronic periodontitis patients, and periodontally and systemically healthy‐matched controls.Materials and MethodsChronic periodontitis patient and control (n = 40 pairs) peripheral blood neutrophils (PBN) were stimulated for NET quantification. A subset of patients received non‐surgical periodontal therapy (n = 19) and NETs were quantified 3 months later alongside controls. Blood plasma was collected from patients and controls to quantify plasma‐induced NET degradation (n = 19 pairs). Subsequent experiments quantified plasma concentrations of DNase‐1, immunoglobulin G (IgG), free light chains (FLCs), and cystatin C.ResultsNo differences were observed in NET production between patients and controls. However, NET production decreased significantly in patients post‐treatment. Plasma NET degradation was significantly lower in patients than controls, which may be due to significantly reduced DNase‐1 levels as demonstrated, or potentially due to elevated IgG/FLC concentrations in patients. NET degradation post‐periodontal treatment was comparable between patients and controls.ConclusionsNET production was comparable between patients and controls; however, non‐surgical therapy causes attenuated NETs. NET degradation by plasma is impaired in untreated chronic periodontitis, potentially increasing the chronic NET burden, which may enhance antimicrobial function, or conversely, increase the risk of autoimmune/inflammatory responses.
Complex PTSD as proposed for ICD‐11: validation of a new disorder in children and adolescents and their response to Trauma‐Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Sachser Cedric , Keller Ferdinand , Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundTo evaluate whether the symptoms of children and adolescents with clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) form classes consistent with the diagnostic criteria of complex PTSD (CPTSD) as proposed for the ICD‐11, and to relate the emerging classes with treatment outcome of Trauma‐Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF‐CBT).MethodsLatent classes analysis (LCA) was used to explore the symptom profiles of the clinical baseline assessment of N = 155 children and adolescents participating in a randomized controlled trial of TF‐CBT. The treatment outcomes of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and of patients with CPTSD were compared by a t‐test for depended samples and a repeated‐measures ANOVA.ResultsThe LCA revealed two distinct classes: a PTSD class characterized by elevated core symptoms of PTSD (n = 62) and low symptoms of disturbances in self‐organization versus a complex PTSD class with elevated PTSD core symptoms and elevated symptoms of disturbances in self‐organization (n = 93). The Group × Time interaction regarding posttraumatic stress symptoms was not significant. Pre–post effect sizes regarding posttraumatic stress symptoms were large for both groups (PTSD: d = 2.81; CPTSD: d = 1.37). For disturbances in self‐organization in the CPTSD class, we found medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.40–1.16) after treatment with TF‐CBT.ConclusionsThe results provide empirical evidence of the ICD‐11 CPTSD and PTSD distinction in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. In terms of relative improvement from their respective baseline posttraumatic stress symptoms, patients with PTSD and CPTSD responded equally to TF‐CBT; however, those with CPTSD ended treatment with clinically and statistically greater symptoms than those with PTSD.
Children with ADHD symptoms show decreased activity in ventral striatum during the anticipation of reward, irrespective of ADHD diagnosis
Authors: van Hulst Branko M. , de Zeeuw Patrick , Bos Dienke J. , Rijks Yvonne , Neggers Sebastiaan F. W. , Durston Sarah 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundChanges in reward processing are thought to be involved in the etiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as other developmental disorders. In addition, different forms of therapy for ADHD rely on reinforcement principles. As such, improved understanding of reward processing in ADHD could eventually lead to more effective treatment options. However, differences in reward processing may not be specific to ADHD, but may be a trans‐diagnostic feature of disorders that involve ADHD‐like symptoms.MethodsIn this event‐related fMRI study, we used a child‐friendly version of the monetary incentive delay task to assess performance and brain activity during reward anticipation. Also, we collected questionnaire data to assess reward sensitivity in daily life. For final analyses, data were available for 27 typically developing children, 24 children with ADHD, and 25 children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD symptoms.ResultsWe found decreased activity in ventral striatum during anticipation of reward in children with ADHD symptoms, both for children with ADHD as their primary diagnosis and in children with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD symptoms. We found that higher parent‐rated sensitivity to reward was associated with greater anticipatory activity in ventral striatum for children with ADHD symptoms. In contrast, there was no relationship between the degree of ADHD symptoms and activity in ventral striatum.ConclusionsWe provide evidence of biological and behavioral differences in reward sensitivity in children with ADHD symptoms, regardless of their primary diagnosis. Ultimately, a dimensional brain‐behavior model of reward sensitivity in children with symptoms of ADHD may be useful to refine treatment options dependent on reward processing.
Assessment of BRAF V600E (VE1) protein expression and BRAF gene mutation status in codon 600 in benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms
Authors: Bodnar Magdalena , Burduk Paweł , Antosik Paulina , Jarmuz‐Szymczak Małgorzata , Wierzbicka Malgorzata , Marszalek Andrzej 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe role of BRAF mutations in cancerogenesis has been demonstrated in several solid tumor types. However, in salivary gland tumors, this genetic alteration is very uncommon, and its role still remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze BRAF V600E (VE1) protein expression with BRAF mutation status in codon 600, in malignant and benign salivary gland tumors.MethodsStudies were performed on archived formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections derived from 95 patients who underwent surgery for tumors of the salivary gland. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) on tissue microarray slides was performed for evaluation of BRAF V600E (VE1) protein expression, and the automatic molecular diagnostics platform was used for the evaluation of mutations in codon 600 of BRAF gene.ResultsIHC cytoplasmic expression of BRAF V600E (VE1) protein was found in two of 95 cases: one case of adenocarcinoma NOS (one of three; 33%) and one case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (one of five; 20%). Although, in IHC studies, nuclear BRAF V600E (VE1) protein expression was found in 14 (15%) of the analyzed cases: nine of 28 (32%) cases of pleomorphic adenoma, three of five (60%) cases of ductal carcinoma, one of nine (11%) case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and in one of five (20%) case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. All cases were negative for polymerase chain reaction PCR‐based analyses of BRAF mutations in codon 600.ConclusionsIn studied salivary gland cancers, no PCR‐based prove mutations of BRAF V600 were detected. Further molecular analyses are necessary to rapid molecular arrays for the identification of specific mutations, optimal for individualized targeted therapies.
Rare copy number alterations and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity revealed in ameloblastomas by high‐density whole‐genome microarray analysis
Authors: Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Duarte Alessandra Pires , Villacis Rolando A. , Guimarães Bruna V. A. , Duarte Luiz Cláudio Pires , Rogatto Sílvia R. , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAmeloblastoma (unicystic, UA, or multicystic, MA) is a rare tumor associated with bone destruction and facial deformity. Its malignant counterpart is the ameloblastic carcinoma (AC). The BRAFV600E mutation is highly prevalent in all these tumors subtypes and cannot account for their different clinical behaviors.MethodsWe assessed copy number alterations (CNAs) and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) in UA (n = 2), MA (n = 3), and AC (n = 1) using the CytoScan HD Array (Affymetrix) and the BRAFV600E status. RT‐qPCR was applied in four selected genes (B4GALT1, BAG1, PKD1L2, and PPP2R5A) covered by rare alterations, also including three MA and four normal oral tissues.ResultsFifty‐seven CNAs and cnLOH were observed in the ameloblastomas and six CNAs in the AC. Seven of the CNAs were rare (six in UA and one in MA), four of them encompassing genes (gains of 7q11.21, 1q32.3, and 9p21.1 and loss of 16q23.2). We found positive correlation between rare CNA gene dosage and the expression of B4GALT1, BAG1, PKD1L2, and PPP2R5A. The AC and 1 UA were BRAF wild‐type; however, this UA showed rare genomic alterations encompassing genes associated with RAF/MAPK activation.ConclusionAmeloblastomas show rare CNAs and cnLOH, presenting a specific genomic profile with no overlapping of the rare alterations among UA, MA, and AC. These genomic changes might play a role in tumor evolution and in BRAFV600E‐negative tumors.
β‐defensin CNV is not associated with susceptibility to Candida albicans infections in Sardinian APS I patients
Authors: Incani Federica , Cossu Carla , Meloni Alessandra , Faà Valeria , Serra Maria Luisa , Dettori Federico , Meloni Antonella , Rosatelli Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a variation in the genomic copy number (CNV) of the β‐defensin cluster could be associated with the pre‐disposition to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in Sardinian APECED patients.Subjects and MethodsThe β‐defensin copy number variation was determined by MLPA analysis in 18 Sardinian APECED patients with CMC and in 21 Sardinian controls. Statistical analyses were performed with one‐way ANOVA test.ResultsNo statistically significant results were observed between the patients and controls groups.ConclusionsAccording to the results we have obtained, it appears that either β‐defensin genomic CNV is not a modifier locus for CMC susceptibility in APECED patients, or any effect is too small for it to be detected using such sample size. An extensive study on APECED patients from different geographical areas might reveal the real implication of the β‐defensin CNV in the susceptibility to Candida albicans infections.
HARRIS AND WILSON (1978) MODEL REVISITED: THE SPATIAL PERIOD‐DOUBLING CASCADE IN AN URBAN RETAIL MODEL
Authors: Osawa Minoru , Akamatsu Takashi , Takayama Yuki 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTHarris and Wilson (1978)'s retail location model is a pioneering work that utilizes the combination of the “fast” and “slow” dynamics to describe the space economy. This paper elucidates the model's previously unknown comparative static (bifurcation) properties in a many‐location setting beyond two. We show that the spatial structure's evolutionary path in line with decreasing transport costs exhibits a remarkable property, namely, a “spatial period‐doubling cascade.” Furthermore, we reveal strong linkages between the model and “new economic geography” models in terms of their model structures and bifurcation properties, offering a new theoretical perspective for understanding agglomeration behaviors in multilocation settings.
Current State of Child Health in Rural America: How Context Shapes Children's Health
Authors: Probst Janice C. , Barker Judith C. , Enders Alexandra , Gardiner Paula 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeChildren's health is influenced by the context in which they live. We provide a descriptive essay on the status of children in rural America to highlight features of the rural environment that may affect health.DescriptionWe compiled information concerning components of the rural environment that may contribute to health outcomes. Areas addressed include the economic characteristics, provider availability, uniquely rural health risks, health services use, and health outcomes among rural children.AssessmentNearly 12 million children live in the rural United States. Rural counties are economically disadvantaged, leading to higher rates of poverty among rural versus urban children. Rural and urban children are approximately equally likely to be insured, but Medicaid insures a higher proportion of children in rural areas. While generally similar in health, rural children are more likely to be overweight or obese than urban children. Rural parents are less likely to report that their children received preventive medical or oral health visits than urban parents. Rural children are more likely to die than their urban peers, largely due to unintentional injury.ConclusionImproving rural children's health will require both increased public health surveillance and research that creates solutions appropriate for rural environments, where health care professionals may be in short supply. Most importantly, solutions must be multisectoral, engaging education, economic development, and other community perspectives as well as health care.