bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wisdom in a complex world: A situated account of wise reasoning and its development
Authors: Santos Henri C. , Huynh Alex C. , Grossmann Igor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSocial issues (e.g., partisan politics, economic decisions, and interpersonal conflicts) often involve trade‐offs, necessitating the consideration of multiple interests. Such issues do not have simple answers and benefit from wise reasoning—a set of metacognitive strategies that guide people toward managing complexity and balancing different interests. We review recent advances in research on wise reasoning, including evidence pertinent to the question of wisdom's trait‐like and state‐specific features, how it varies across situations, and how one can develop it. Overall, empirical studies suggest that researchers can understand wisdom better by paying attention to its situated nature across time and contexts.
Identification of Heparin Modifications and Polysaccharide Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Invasion That Have Potential for Novel Drug Development
Authors: Boyle Michelle J. , Skidmore Mark , Dickerman Benjamin , Cooper Lynsay , Devlin Anthony , Yates Edwin , Horrocks Paul , Freeman Craig , Chai Wengang , Beeson James G. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Despite recent successful control efforts, malaria remains a leading global health burden. Alarmingly, resistance to current antimalarials is increasing and the development of new drug families is needed to maintain malaria control. Current antimalarials target the intraerythrocytic developmental stage of the
Plasmodium falciparum
life cycle. However, the invasive extracellular parasite form, the merozoite, is also an attractive target for drug development. We have previously demonstrated that heparin-like molecules, including those with low molecular weights and low anticoagulant activities, are potent and specific inhibitors of merozoite invasion and blood-stage replication. Here we tested a large panel of heparin-like molecules and sulfated polysaccharides together with various modified chemical forms for their inhibitory activity against
P. falciparum
merozoite invasion. We identified chemical modifications that improve inhibitory activity and identified several additional sulfated polysaccharides with strong inhibitory activity. These studies have important implications for the further development of heparin-like molecules as antimalarial drugs and for understanding merozoite invasion.
Genomic and Molecular Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae Harboring
mcr-1
in Colombia, 2002 to 2016
Authors: Saavedra Sandra Yamile , Diaz Lorena , Wiesner Magdalena , Correa Adriana , Arévalo Stefany Alejandra , Reyes Jinnethe , Hidalgo Andrea Melissa , de la Cadena Elsa , Perenguez Marcela , Montaño Lucy Angeline , Ardila Javier , Ríos Rafael , Ovalle María Victoria , Díaz Paula , Porras Paola , Villegas Maria V. , Arias Cesar A. , Beltrán Mauricio , Duarte Carolina 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Polymyxins are last-resort antimicrobial agents used to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
. Due to the worldwide dissemination of polymyxin resistance in animal and human isolates, we aimed to characterize polymyxin resistance associated with the presence of
mcr-1
in
Enterobacteriaceae
and nonfermenter Gram-negative bacilli, using isolates collected retrospectively in Colombia from 2002 to 2016. A total of 5,887 Gram-negative clinical isolates were studied, and 513 were found to be resistant to the polymyxins. Susceptibility to colistin was confirmed by broth microdilution for all
mcr-1
-positive isolates, and these were further subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The localization of
mcr-1
was confirmed by S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and CeuI-PFGE hybridization. Transferability was evaluated by mating assays. A total of 12 colistin-resistant isolates recovered after 2013 harbored
mcr-1
, including 8
Escherichia coli
, 3
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium, and 1
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate
. E. coli
isolates were unrelated by PFGE and belonged to 7 different sequence types (STs) and phylogroups.
S
. Typhimurium and
K. pneumoniae
isolates belonged to ST34 and ST307, respectively. The
mcr-1
gene was plasmid borne in all isolates but two
E. coli
isolates which harbored it on the chromosome. Conjugation of
mcr-1
was successful in 8 of 10 isolates (8.2 × 10
−5
to 2.07 × 10
−1
cell per recipient). Plasmid sequences showed that the
mcr-1
plasmids belonged to four different Inc groups (a new IncP-1 variant and the IncFII, IncHI1, and IncH families). Our results indicate that
mcr-1
is circulating in clinical isolates of colistin-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
in Colombia and is mainly harbored in transferable plasmids.
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance without Antibiotic Exposure
Authors: Knöppel Anna , Näsvall Joakim , Andersson Dan I. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Antibiotic use is the main driver in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Another unexplored possibility is that resistance evolves coincidentally in response to other selective pressures. We show that selection in the absence of antibiotics can coselect for decreased susceptibility to several antibiotics. Thus, genetic adaptation of bacteria to natural environments may drive resistance evolution by generating a pool of resistance mutations that selection could act on to enrich resistant mutants when antibiotic exposure occurs.
The Gene
tia
, Harbored by the Subtilase-Encoding Pathogenicity Island, Is Involved in the Ability of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains To Invade Monolayers of Epithelial Cells
Authors: Bondì Roslen , Chiani Paola , Michelacci Valeria , Minelli Fabio , Caprioli Alfredo , Morabito Stefano 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains are human pathogens that lack the LEE locus, a pathogenicity island (PAI) involved in the intimate adhesion of LEE-positive strains to the host gut epithelium. The mechanism used by LEE-negative STEC strains to colonize the host intestinal mucosa is still not clear. The cell invasion determinant
tia
, previously described in enterotoxigenic
E. coli
strains, has been identified in LEE-negative STEC strains that possess the subtilase-encoding pathogenicity island (SE-PAI). We evaluated the role of the gene
tia
, present in these LEE-negative STEC strains, in the invasion of monolayers of cultured cells. We observed that these strains were able to invade Caco-2 and HEp-2 cell monolayers and compared their invasion ability with that of a mutant strain in which the gene
tia
had been inactivated. Mutation of the gene
tia
resulted in a strong reduction of the invasive phenotype, and complementation of the
tia
mutation with a functional copy of the gene restored the invasion activity. Moreover, we show that the gene
tia
is overexpressed in bacteria actively invading cell monolayers, demonstrating that
tia
is involved in the ability to invade cultured monolayers of epithelial cells shown by SE-PAI-positive
E. coli
, including STEC, strains. However, the expression of the
tia
gene in the
E. coli
K-12 strain JM109 was not sufficient, in its own right, to confer to this strain the ability to invade cell monolayers, suggesting that at least another factor must be involved in the invasion ability displayed by the SE-PAI-positive strains.
Characteristics of early filtering blebs that predict successful trabeculectomy identified via three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Narita Akiko , Morizane Yuki , Miyake Tomoe , Seguchi Jiro , Baba Tetsuya , Shiraga Fumio 
Published: September 2017

Background/aimsTo identify the cross-sectional characteristics of filtering blebs at 2 weeks post-trabeculectomy associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) control at 1 year post-trabeculectomy.MethodsNinety-nine eyes of 94 patients who had undergone primary trabeculectomy were included in this retrospective consecutive case series study. Surgical success was defined as an IOP ≤15 mm Hg and a >20% reduction in IOP without glaucoma medication or additional glaucoma surgeries at 1 year post-trabeculectomy. Subjects were classified into two groups according to whether surgery was successful or unsuccessful. Blebs were examined using swept-source three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography and evaluated for quantitative parameters, including maximum height, maximum wall thickness and ratio of hyporeflective space of the wall, as well as qualitative parameters, including multiple parallel hyporeflective layers within the wall (striping phenomenon), decreased visibility of the sclera underlying the bleb (shading phenomenon) and cyst-like structures of the wall.ResultsSeventy-seven eyes (77.8%) were assigned to the successful group and 22 (22.2%) to the unsuccessful group. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the groups regarding maximum bleb height (p=0.044), maximum bleb wall thickness (p=0.017) and the striping phenomenon of the bleb wall (p=0.007). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the striping phenomenon at 2 weeks post-trabeculectomy was significantly associated with success at 1 year post-trabeculectomy (OR 3.405; 95% CI 1.059 to 10.947; p=0.040).ConclusionTaller blebs with thicker walls that showed the striping phenomenon at 2 weeks post-trabeculectomy appeared to predict good IOP control at 1 year post-trabeculectomy.
Weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has a large negative impact on the Bariatric Quality of Life Index
Authors: Jirapinyo Pichamol , Abu Dayyeh Barham K , Thompson Christopher C 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDespite initial successful weight loss, some patients may experience weight regain following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).ObjectiveTo assess the impact of weight regain on bariatric patients’ quality of life (QoL).MethodsThis was a prospective cross-sectional study. Fifty-six consecutive RYGB patients were recruited and divided into weight-regain and weight-stable cohorts. QoL was assessed using the Bariatric Quality of Life (BQL) questionnaire. The BQL Index scores of the weight-regain and weight-stable groups were compared using Student’st-test. Additionally, the BQL Index score of the weight-regain group was compared with that of historical prebariatric patients. Predictors of BQL were assessed using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsOf 56 RYGB patients, 41 (73%) had weight regain. On average, patients had body mass index (BMI) of 37 ±7.5 kg/m2and gained 34 ±26% of maximal weight initially lost. Weight-regain patients had lower BQL Index scores than weight-stable patients (44.8±6 vs 53±7, p<0.001). Patients with weight regain had similar BQL Index scores as the prebariatric patients despite lower BMI (BMI of 39.7±6.8 vs 47.2±7.6, p<0.05; BQL Index of 44.8±6 vs 41.6±10.4, p=0.144, respectively). Years from RYGB, BMI and amount of weight regain were associated with BQL Index on a univariate analysis (β=−0.55,−0.52, −0.7; p<0.0001). Only weight regain was a significant predictor of BQL on a multivariate analysis (β =−0.56; p=0.001).ConclusionWeight regain had a negative impact on bariatric patients’ QoL. Patients who regained at least 15% of maximal weight lost appeared to have as low QoL as those who had not undergone bariatric surgery despite a lower BMI.
Expression of PD-L1 in Hormone-naïve and Treated Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Abiraterone Acetate plus Prednisone and Leuprolide
Authors: Calagua Carla , Russo Joshua , Sun Yue , Schaefer Rachel , Lis Rosina , Zhang Zhenwei , Mahoney Kathleen , Bubley Glenn J. , Loda Massimo , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Balk Steven P. , Ye Huihui 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade has been unsuccessful in prostate cancer, with poor immunogenicity and subsequent low PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer being proposed as an explanation. However, recent studies indicate that a subset of prostate cancer may express significant levels of PD-L1. Furthermore, the androgen antagonist enzalutamide has been shown to upregulate PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer preclinical models. In this study, we evaluated the effect of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and leuprolide (Neo-AAPL) on PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: Radical prostatectomy (RP) tissues were collected from 44 patients with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer who underwent RP after Neo-AAPL treatment. Untreated prostate cancer tissues were collected from 130 patients, including 44 matched controls for the Neo-AAPL cases. Tumor PD-L1 expression was detected by IHC using validated anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells were analyzed in trial cases and matched controls. Expression of DNA mismatch repair genes was examined in PD-L1–positive tumors.
Results: Neo-AAPL–treated tumors showed a trend toward decreased PD-L1 positivity compared with matched controls (7% vs. 21% having ≥1% positive tumor cells; P = 0.062). Treated tumors also harbored significantly fewer tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells (P = 0.029). In 130 untreated prostate cancers, African American ethnicity, elevated serum PSA, and small prostate independently predicted tumor PD-L1 positivity. Loss of MSH2 expression was observed in 1 of 21 PD-L1–positive tumors.
Conclusions: A subset of prostate cancer expresses PD-L1, which is not increased by Neo-AAPL treatment, indicating that combining Neo-AAPL treatment with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade may not be synergistic. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6812–22. ©2017 AACR.
Biochemical changes of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, at low temperatures
Authors: Wang Dong Ya , Wu Hai Yan , Zhou Xun Bo 
Published: September 2017

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) diapause is induced by high temperatures and is broken by low temperatures. In this study, metabolic responses were monitored in diapause and non-diapause H. avenae during exposure to 4°C for 10 weeks. The results showed that there was no difference in total carbohydrate content. The content of glycogen and glycerol at 0 week was relatively high but decreased with increased storage time at 4°C. The content of trehalose of the nematode at 10 weeks was significant lower than that at 5 weeks at 4°C. Protein content increased significantly after incubation for 5 and 10 weeks. Esterase and trehalase activity increased with the increasing period at 4°C and showed a significant difference between treatments for esterase activity but there was no significant difference between 5 and 10 weeks for trehalase activity. The SDS-PAGE pattern indicated that a 15.5 kDa protein was absent at 10 weeks and present at 0 and 5 weeks. Esterase isoenzyme patterns of H. avenae showed that at 10 weeks there were four bands: EST 0.21, EST 0.24, EST 0.30 and EST 0.34 (Rf values). EST 0.24 was the common band in the three treatments. Biochemical tests were conducted to correlate with hatching experiments using the same treatments. 2-DE patterns of H. avenae showed that diapause and non-diapause nematodes had 409 and 412 protein spots, respectively, and 19 protein spots were unique: 11 distinct proteins in non-diapause and eight distinct proteins in diapause. This information could be helpful in understanding the diapause mechanism of the cereal cyst nematode.
Practical and Intrinsic Predictability of Multiscale Weather and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves during the Active Phase of an MJO
Authors: Ying Yue , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Through a series of convection-permitting regional-scale ensembles based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, this study investigates the predictability of multiscale weather and convectively coupled equatorial waves during the active phase of a Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event over the Indian Ocean from 12 October to 12 November 2011. It is found that the practical predictability limit, estimated by the spread of the ensemble perturbed with realistic initial and boundary uncertainties, is as much as 8 days for horizontal winds, temperature, and humidity for scales larger than 2000 km that include equatorial Rossby, Kelvin, inertia–gravity, and mixed Rossby–gravity waves. The practical predictability limit decreases rapidly as scale decreases, resulting in a predictable time scale less than 1 day for scales smaller than 200 km. Through further experiments using minute initial and boundary perturbations an order of magnitude smaller than the current realistic uncertainties, the intrinsic predictability limit for tropical weather at larger scales (&gt;2000 km) is estimated to be achievable beyond 2 weeks, but the limit is likely still less than 3 days for the small scales (&lt;200 km).
A Comparison of Vertical Atmospheric Wind Profiles Obtained from Monostatic Sodar and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Acoustic Tomography
Authors: Finn Anthony , Rogers Kevin , Rice Feng , Meade Joshua , Holland Greg , May Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe natural sound generated by an unmanned aerial vehicle is used in conjunction with tomography to remotely sense the virtual temperature and wind profiles of the atmosphere in a horizontal plane up to an altitude of 1200 m and over a baseline of 600 m. Sound fields recorded on board the aircraft and by an array of microphones on the ground are compared and converted to sound speed estimates for the ray paths intersecting the intervening medium. Tomographic inversion is then used to transform these sound speed values into two-dimensional profiles of virtual temperature and wind vector, which enables the atmosphere to be visualized and monitored over time. The wind vector and temperature estimates are compared to measurements taken by a collocated midrange Doppler sodar and sensors on board the aircraft. Large-eddy simulations of daytime atmospheric boundary layers and error models of the tomographic inversion and sodar are also used to assess the magnitude and nature of anticipated differences. Both the simulations and field trials data show similar levels of correspondence between the tomographically derived and independently observed measurements.
Impact of Primary Language and Insurance on Pediatric Hearing Health Care in a Multidisciplinary Clinic
Authors: Su Brooke M. , Park Jason S. , Chan Dylan K. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the effects of primary language and insurance status on care utilization among deaf or hard‐of‐hearing children under active otolaryngologic and audiologic care.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingMultidisciplinary hearing loss clinic at a tertiary center.Subjects and MethodsDemographics, hearing loss data, and validated survey responses were collected from 206 patients aged 0 to 19 years. Two‐sided t tests and χ2 tests were used to obtain descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing.ResultsOf the sample, 52.4% spoke primarily English at home. Non‐English‐speaking children and families were less likely to receive psychiatric counseling (12.2% vs 35.2% in the English group, P <. 001) and reported more difficulty obtaining educational interventions (P =. 016), and 68.9% had public insurance. Parents of publicly insured children were less likely to know the type or degree of their child’s hearing loss (56.9% vs 75.4%, P =. 022), and these children were older on presentation to the clinic (8.5 vs 6.5 years of age, P =. 01) compared to privately insured children. Publicly insured children were less likely to receive cochlear implants (P =. 046) and reported increased difficulty obtaining hearing aids (P =. 047). While all patients reported impairment in hearing‐related quality of life, publicly insured children aged 2 to 7 years were more likely to perform below minimum thresholds on measures of auditory/oral functioning.ConclusionEven when under active care, deaf or hard‐of‐hearing children from families who do not speak English at home or with public insurance face more difficulty obtaining educational services, cochlear implants, and hearing aids. These findings represent significant disparities in access to necessary interventions.
Hearing Loss following Posterior Fossa Microvascular Decompression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bartindale Matthew , Kircher Matthew , Adams William , Balasubramanian Neelam , Liles Jeffrey , Bell Jason , Leonetti John 
Published: September 2017

Objectives(1) Determine the prevalence of hearing loss following microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). (2) Demonstrate factors that affect postoperative hearing outcomes after MVD.Data SourcesPubMed‐NCBI, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases from 1981 to 2016.Review MethodsSystematic review of prospective cohort studies and retrospective reviews in which any type of hearing loss was recorded after MVD for TN or HFS. Three researchers extracted data regarding operative indications, procedures performed, and diagnostic tests employed. Discrepancies were resolved by mutual consensus.ResultsSixty‐nine references with 18,233 operations met inclusion criteria. There were 7093 patients treated for TN and 11,140 for HFS. The overall reported prevalence of hearing loss after MVD for TN and HFS was 5.58% and 8.25%, respectively. However, many of these studies relied on subjective measures of reporting hearing loss. In 23 studies with consistent perioperative audiograms, prevalence of hearing loss was 13.47% for TN and 13.39% for HFS, with no significant difference between indications (P =. 95). Studies using intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring were more likely to report hearing loss for TN (relative risk [RR], 2.28; P <. 001) but not with HFS (RR, 0.88; P =. 056).ConclusionConductive and sensorineural hearing loss are important complications following posterior fossa MVD. Many studies have reported on hearing loss using either subjective measures and/or inconsistent audiometric testing. Routine perioperative audiogram protocols improve the detection of hearing loss and may more accurately represent the true risk of hearing loss after MVD for TN and HFS.