bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A graph model for genomic prediction in the context of a linear mixed model framework
Authors: Montesinos‐López Osval A. , Prado Gloria Isabel Huerta , Montesinos‐López José Cricelio , Montesinos‐López Abelardo , Crossa José 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenomic selection is revolutionizing both plant and animal breeding, with its practical application depending critically on high prediction accuracy. In this study, we aimed to enhance prediction accuracy by exploring the use of graph models within a linear mixed model framework. Our investigation revealed that incorporating the graph constructed with line connections alone resulted in decreased prediction accuracy compared to conventional methods that consider only genotype effects. However, integrating both genotype effects and the graph structure led to slightly improved results over considering genotype effects alone. These findings were validated across 14 datasets commonly used in plant breeding research.
Elevated anti‐Müllerian hormone in a stallion (Equus f. caballus) with terratoma and high inguinal testicle
Authors: Dewulf Manon , Rizzoto Guilherme , Hiltrop Raphaela , Meesters Maya , Govaere Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis report describes a stallion presenting a unilateral high inguinal undescended testicle and a unilateral scrotal testicle teratoma. Blood tests showed increased levels of anti‐Müllerian hormone. Following castration, histological examination revealed that the teratoma contained testicular tissue, hair, hair bulbs, sebaceous glands, cartilage and endochondral bone. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report elevated anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in a stallion with both a teratoma and a high‐inguinal testicle.
Improved GPS tropospheric path delay estimation using variable random walk process noise
Authors: Young Zachary M. , Blewitt Geoffrey , Kreemer Corné 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate positioning using the Global Positioning System relies on accurate modeling of tropospheric delay. Estimated tropospheric delay must vary sufficiently to capture true variations; otherwise, systematic errors propagate into estimated positions, particularly the vertical. However, if the allowed delay variation is too large, the propagation of data noise into all parameters is amplified, reducing precision. Here we investigate the optimal choice of tropospheric constraints applied in the GipsyX software, which are specified by values of random walk process noise. We use the variability of 5-min estimated positions as a proxy for tropospheric error. Given that weighted mean 5-min positions closely replicate 24-h solutions, our ultimate goal is to improve 24-h positions and other daily products, such as precise orbit parameters. The commonly adopted default constraint for the zenith wet delay (ZWD) is 3 mm/√(hr) for 5-min data intervals. Using this constraint, we observe spurious wave-like patterns of 5-min vertical displacement estimates with amplitudes ~ 100 mm coincident with Winter Storm Ezekiel of November 27, 2019, across the central/eastern USA. Loosening the constraint suppresses the spurious waves and reduces 5-min vertical displacement variability while improving water vapor estimates. Further improvement can be achieved when optimizing constraints regionally, or for each station. Globally, results are typically optimized in the range of 6–12 mm/√(hr). Generally, we at least recommend loosening the constraint from the current default of 3 mm/√(hr) to 6 mm/√(hr) for ZWD every 300 s. Constraint values must be scaled by √(x/300) for alternative data intervals of x seconds.
Efficacy of Nd:YAG Laser and Intralesional Triamcinolone Injection Combination Therapy in the Postoperative Management of Keloids
Authors: Park Jun Ho , Jeong Ji Won , Park Ji-Ung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Keloids, characterized by protruding scars that extend beyond the original skin damage site, cause significant emotional stress and reduced quality of life. Their exact pathogenesis remains unclear, with various hypotheses including growth factor imbalances and extracellular matrix changes. No single treatment is universally accepted, but multiple modalities like triamcinolone acetonide injection (TAC), laser therapies, and surgery are commonly used.

Methods
This retrospective study involved East Asian patients who underwent keloid scar excision between March 2019 and June 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving only TAC injections and the other a combination of TAC and Nd:YAG laser therapy. The efficacy of treatments was evaluated using the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), with follow-ups at six and twelve months after operation.

Results
The study involved 111 patients. Both treatment groups showed significant improvements in mVSS and POSAS scores, but the combination therapy group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in POSAS scores and lower recurrence rates at 12 months compared to the TAC-only group. However, there was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between the groups.

Conclusion
Dual therapy involving TAC injection and Nd:YAG laser treatment was more effective than TAC injection alone for managing keloid scars after surgery. This combination therapy showed better outcomes in preventing keloid recurrence and improving scar status at 12 months after operation, along with significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence II
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Impact of low HER2 expression on response to CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in advanced HR + /HER2- breast cancer: a multicenter real-world data analysis
Authors: Ralser Damian J. , Kiver Verena , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Neeb Caroline , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Abramian Alina V. , Maass Nicolai , Schütz Florian , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Müller Carolin , Rambow Anna-Christina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) represent the first-line therapy approach of choice for patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (HR + /HER-ABC). Approximately 50% of HR + /HER2-ABC displays low HER2 expression (HER2 low). Recent data emerging from the DESTINY-Breast04 trial demonstrated practice-changing efficacy of the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with low HER2 expression. Here, we aimed to analyze the impact of low HER2 expression on CDK4/6i therapy response in a well-characterized multicenter HR + /HER-ABC cohort.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with HR + /HER2-ABC who were treated with CDK4/6i in clinical routine between November 2016 and December 2020 at four certified German Breast Cancer Centers were retrospectively identified. The cohort was stratified according to graduation of positivity in HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC; HER2 zero = IHC score 0 and HER2 low = IHC score 1 + , 2 + /fluorescence in situ hybridization negative). Subgroups were analyzed with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) following CDK4/6i initiation.

Findings
The study cohort comprised n = 448 patients. For n = 311 patients, HER2 status from the metastatic site was available. n = 91 (29.3%) cases were HER2 zero and n = 220 cases (70.7%) were HER2 low. There was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups (PFS: 17 months versus 18 months, log-rank p = 0.42). Further, we examined the influence of HER2 expression changes between primary and metastatic tissue (n = 171; HER2 gain/HER2 loss/HER2 stable expression) on CDK4/6i treatment response. Again, there was no significant difference between these three groups, respectively (PFS: 16 months versus 13 months versus 17 months, log-rank p = 0.86).

Conclusions
In our analysis, HER2 status did not have a significant impact on treatment response to CDK4/6i.
Association between provegetarian food patterns and micronutrient adequacy in preschoolers: the SENDO project
Authors: Fabios Elise , Zazpe Itziar , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Arias Mónica , Ruiz-Chércoles Esther , Martín-Calvo Nerea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to examine the association between different versions of a provegetarian food pattern and micronutrient adequacy in a population of children from the SENDO Project. Children aged 4–5 years old were recruited and baseline information on diet, lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics was collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by their parents. Scores were calculated for overall, healthful, and unhealthful provegetarian food patterns (FP) using an a priori approach. Participants were categorized into tertiles according to their scores. Micronutrient adequacy was assessed using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-off point. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between tertiles of each provegetarian FP and the risk of inadequate micronutrient intake (failing to meet ≥ 3 requirements). Despite lower intakes of certain micronutrients, children with higher scores in the healthful provegetarian FP did not exhibit a higher prevalence of inadequacy. Children in the highest tertile of this index had 0.47-fold lower odds (95%CI 0.23–0.95) of having ≥ 3 inadequate micronutrient intakes than their peers in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, children in the highest tertile of the unhealthful provegetarian FP had 20.06-fold higher odds (95%CI 9.19–43.79) of having ≥ 3 inadequate micronutrient intakes compared to children in the lowest tertile. Conclusions: Adherence to a healthful provegetarian food pattern is associated with improved nutritional adequacy in preschoolers, while following an unhealthful pattern is detrimental to micronutrient adequacy. These results suggest that moderate reductions in animal food consumption within a healthy diet may not compromise micronutrient adequacy in young children. Further research is needed to explore the impact of diets reduced in animal food intake on the health of children.

What is Known:• There's a notable trend towards plant-based diets due to health and sustainability concerns.• Research links plant-based diets in adults with lower risks of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

What is New:• A new study examines how different versions of a provegetarian food pattern affect micronutrient adequacy in children, using a moderate and stepwise approach.• Following a healthful provegetarian food pattern enhances nutritional adequacy in preschoolers, whereas an unhealthful pattern negatively impacts micronutrient adequacy.
Performance of large language artificial intelligence models on solving restorative dentistry and endodontics student assessments
Authors: Künzle Paul , Paris Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language model (LLM)-based AI applications (LLMAs) has tremendous implications for our society. This study analyzed the performance of LLMAs on solving restorative dentistry and endodontics (RDE) student assessment questions.

Materials and methods
151 questions from a RDE question pool were prepared for prompting using LLMAs from OpenAI (ChatGPT-3.5,-4.0 and -4.0o) and Google (Gemini 1.0). Multiple-choice questions were sorted into four question subcategories, entered into LLMAs and answers recorded for analysis. P-value and chi-square statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.9.16.

Results
The total answer accuracy of ChatGPT-4.0o was the highest, followed by ChatGPT-4.0, Gemini 1.0 and ChatGPT-3.5 (72%, 62%, 44% and 25%, respectively) with significant differences between all LLMAs except GPT-4.0 models. The performance on subcategories direct restorations and caries was the highest, followed by indirect restorations and endodontics.

Conclusions
Overall, there are large performance differences among LLMAs. Only the ChatGPT-4 models achieved a success ratio that could be used with caution to support the dental academic curriculum.

Clinical relevance
While LLMAs could support clinicians to answer dental field-related questions, this capacity depends strongly on the employed model. The most performant model ChatGPT-4.0o achieved acceptable accuracy rates in some subject sub-categories analyzed.
Effect of extending the period from oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride to photodynamic diagnosis during transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer on diagnostic accuracy and safety: a single-arm multicenter phase III trial
Authors: Taoka Rikiya , Fukuhara Hideo , Miyake Makito , Kobayashi Keita , Ikeda Atsushi , Kanao Kent , Komai Yoshinobu , Fujiwara Ryo , Sato Yusuke , Sugimoto Mikio , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Inoue Keiji , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
In Japan, the authorized period (2–4 h) between oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may restrict photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) usage. Therefore, this prospective, single-arm, phase III study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PDD at an extended administration period (4–8 h).

Methods
From January 2022 to May 2023, 161 patients with NMIBC were enrolled from eight hospitals. The primary endpoint was the blue light (BL) sensitivity of pathologically positive biopsies. The secondary endpoints were a comparison of the specificity and positive and negative prediction rates under BL and white light (WL) conditions.

Results
A total of 1242 specimens comprising 337 histological NMIBC specimens were analyzed. BL-sensitivity was 95.3%. Its lower limit of 95% confidence interval (92.4–97.3%) exceeded the threshold (70%) of non-inferiority to authorized usage. Sensitivity and specificity were significantly higher and lower for BL than those for WL (95.3% vs. 61.1%, P < 0.001; 52.7% vs. 95.2%, P < 0.001), respectively. The positive and negative predictive rates were significantly lower and higher for BL than those for WL (42.9% vs. 82.7%, P < 0.001; 96.8% vs. 86.8%, P < 0.001), respectively. Of the 145 patients receiving 5-ALA, 136 (93.8%) and 75 (51.7%) experienced 377 adverse events and 95 adverse reactions, respectively, most of which were grade 1 or 2.

Conclusion
For extended period, the efficacy of PDD for NMIBC was similar to that of authorized period, in terms of higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with WL, and the safety was acceptable.
Invaluable invisibility: academic housekeeping within the IPCC
Authors: Lidskog Rolf , Standring Adam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article discusses “academic housekeeping” undertaken within IPCC, understood as the work that is rarely made visible or rewarded, but is nevertheless essential to the success of the organization. It explores the conditions, motivations, and implications for individual researchers involved in the IPCC, with particular emphasis on the invisible, un(der)recognised and unrewarded work they engage in. The empirical material consists of an interview study of researchers involved in the IPCC assessment work. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications of unrewarded work for individual experts, expert organisations, and academic institutions.
Existence and Regularity of Random Attractors for Stochastic Evolution Equations Driven by Rough Noise
Authors: Blessing Neamţu Alexandra , Seitz Tim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work establishes the existence and regularity of random pullback attractors for parabolic partial differential equations with rough nonlinear multiplicative noise under natural assumptions on the coefficients. To this aim, we combine tools from rough path theory and random dynamical systems. An application is given by partial differential equations with rough boundary noise, for which flow transformations are not available.
Replacement with sex steroids in hypopituitary men and women: implications for gender differences in morbidities and mortality
Authors: Donald Darran Mc , McDonnell Tara , O’Reilly Michael W. , Sherlock Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypopituitarism is a heterogenous disorder characterised by a deficiency in one or more anterior pituitary hormones. There are marked sex disparities in the morbidity and mortality experienced by patients with hypopituitarism. In women with hypopituitarism, the prevalence of many cardiovascular risk factors, myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality are significantly elevated compared to the general population, however in men, they approach that of the general population. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) is the most sexually dimorphic pituitary hormone axis. Gonadotropin deficiency is caused by a deficiency of either hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or pituitary gonadotropins, namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). HPG axis dysfunction results in oestrogen and testosterone deficiency in women and men, respectively. Replacement of deficient sex hormones is the mainstay of treatment in individuals not seeking fertility. Oestrogen and testosterone replacement in women and men, respectively, have numerous beneficial health impacts. These benefits include improved body composition, enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved atherogenic lipid profiles and increased bone mineral density. Oestrogen replacement in women also reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. When women and men are considered together, untreated gonadotropin deficiency is independently associated with an increased mortality risk. However, treatment with sex hormone replacement reduces the mortality risk comparable to those with an intact gonadal axis. The reasons for the sex disparities in mortality remain poorly understood. Potential explanations include the reversal of women’s natural survival advantage over men, premature loss of oestrogen’s cardioprotective effect, less aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification and inadequate oestrogen replacement in women with gonadotropin deficiency. Regrettably, historical inertia and unfounded concerns about the safety of oestrogen replacement in women of reproductive age have impeded the treatment of gonadotropin deficiency.
Growth hormone – releasing hormone in the immune system
Authors: Siejka Agnieszka , Lawnicka Hanna , Fakir Saikat , Barabutis Nektarios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGHRH is a neuropeptide associated with a diverse variety of activities in human physiology and immune responses. The present study reviews the latest information on the involvement of GHRH in the immune system and inflammation, suggesting that GHRH antagonists may deliver a new therapeutic possibility in disorders related to immune system dysfunction and inflammation.
Graph neural networks in multi-stained pathological imaging: extended comparative analysis of Radiomic features
Authors: Rivera Monroy Luis Carlos , Rist Leonhard , Ostalecki Christian , Bauer Andreas , Vera Julio , Breininger Katharina , Maier Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose

This study investigates the application of Radiomic features within graph neural networks (GNNs) for the classification of multiple-epitope-ligand cartography (MELC) pathology samples. It aims to enhance the diagnosis of often misdiagnosed skin diseases such as eczema, lymphoma, and melanoma. The novel contribution lies in integrating Radiomic features with GNNs and comparing their efficacy against traditional multi-stain profiles.

Methods

We utilized GNNs to process multiple pathological slides as cell-level graphs, comparing their performance with XGBoost and Random Forest classifiers. The analysis included two feature types: multi-stain profiles and Radiomic features. Dimensionality reduction techniques such as UMAP and t-SNE were applied to optimize the feature space, and graph connectivity was based on spatial and feature closeness.

Results

Integrating Radiomic features into spatially connected graphs significantly improved classification accuracy over traditional models. The application of UMAP further enhanced the performance of GNNs, particularly in classifying diseases with similar pathological features. The GNN model outperformed baseline methods, demonstrating its robustness in handling complex histopathological data.

Conclusion

Radiomic features processed through GNNs show significant promise for multi-disease classification, improving diagnostic accuracy. This study’s findings suggest that integrating advanced imaging analysis with graph-based modeling can lead to better diagnostic tools. Future research should expand these methods to a wider range of diseases to validate their generalizability and effectiveness.
FELRec: efficient handling of item cold-start with dynamic representation learning in recommender systems
Authors: Weimann Kuba , Conrad Tim O. F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecommender systems suffer from the cold-start problem whenever a new user joins the platform or a new item is added to the catalog. To address item cold-start, we propose to replace the embedding layer in sequential recommenders with a dynamic storage that has no learnable weights and can keep an arbitrary number of representations. In this paper, we present , a large embedding network that refines the existing representations of users and items in a recursive manner, as new information becomes available. In contrast to similar approaches, our model represents new users and items without side information and time-consuming finetuning, instead it runs a single forward pass over a sequence of existing representations. During item cold-start, our method outperforms similar method by 29.50–47.45%. Further, our proposed model generalizes well to previously unseen datasets in zero-shot settings. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/kweimann/FELRec.
Multi-sensory data transmission using 5G and B5G enabled network for healthcare: survey
Authors: Joshi Purva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the feasibility of utilizing 5G and its future iterations (B5G) networks for the transmission of multi-sensory data, including audio, visual, haptic, olfactory, and gustatory data. The advent of 5G and B5G technologies has enabled the transmission of a wide range of sensory information in real-time or near real-time, thanks to their exceptional speed, low latency, and large capacity. The idea behind this review is to explore the technological developments that facilitate the transmission of data, such as layered protocols. This article aims to provide an overall survey and use cases for sensory data transmitted using 5G and B5G networks. The objective of this survey is to focus on challenges for multiple sensor data transmission using 5G and beyond network technologies, as well as how significant is to receive this information without losing them. Moreover, it tackles the inherent difficulties associated with guaranteeing adequate bandwidth, minimal latency, high quality of service, and robust security for the transmission of multi-sensory data via wireless networks. The goal is to provide an introductory overview for researchers, engineers, and practitioners who are interested in exploiting 5G and B5G networks to leverage the revolutionary capabilities of multi-sensory data transmission. The future scope at the end also highlights how to add enhancement in this field.