bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Roles of Subdomains in the Catalytic Behavior of Lipases/Acyltransferases Homologous to CpLIP2 through Rational Design of Chimeric Enzymes
Authors: Jan Anne‐Hélène , Dubreucq Éric , Subileau Maeva 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe lipases/acyltransferases homologous to CpLIP2 of Candida parapsilosis efficiently catalyze acyltransfer reactions in lipid/water media with high water activity (aW>0.9). Two new enzymes of this family, CduLAc from Candida dubliniensis and CalLAc8 from Candida albicans, were characterized. Despite 82 % sequence identity, the two enzymes have significant differences in their catalytic behaviors. In order to understand the roles played by the different subdomains of these proteins (main core, cap and C‐terminal flap), chimeric enzymes were designed by rational exchange of cap and C‐terminal flap, between CduLAc and CalLAc8. The results show that the cap region plays a significant role in substrate specificity; the main core was found to be the most important part of the protein for acyltransfer ability. Similar exchanges were made with CAL‐A from Candida antarctica, but only the C‐terminal exchange was successful. Yet, the role of this domain was not clearly elucidated, other than that it is essential for activity.
Female prostate: historical, developmental, and morphological perspectives
Authors: Biancardi Manoel F. , dos Santos Fernanda C. A. , de Carvalho Hernandes F. , Sanches Bruno D. A. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe female prostate was first described by Reijnier de Graaf in 1672, and even after several years this gland is still a matter of controversy. Part of this is because the biological function of this female gland is unclear. Moreover, when compared with the male prostate, the existence of this organ in females does not make sense, mainly when we consider that the major function of this gland is to produce a secretion that is responsible for guarantee the sperm survival and assure the reproductive success. However, even under a controversy field, we now have a lot of scientific information which enhances our knowledge of several important biological aspects of this gland. It is clear that this gland is found in some female mammals including humans, rodents, rabbits, bats, and dogs. Several studies with rodents showed that the female prostate is homolog of the male prostate, showing strong macroscopic and microscopic similarities with the ventral lobe of males. Besides these aspects, there are several studies reporting that diseases such as cysts, hyperplasia, and carcinoma may affect the female prostate. Therefore, although diseases involving the female prostate are rare, the susceptibility of this organ to develop lesions must be considered, especially in our recent years in which the exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals has greatly increased. Finally, further studies will be necessary to enhance our understanding about this gland, mainly of the developmental, evolutionary, and biological functions.
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using the AMPLATZER™ duct occluder II (ADO II)
Authors: Gruenstein Daniel H. , Ebeid Makram , Radtke Wolfgang , Moore Phillip , Holzer Ralf , Justino Henri 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe study purpose is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ADO II device for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children.BackgroundTranscatheter treatment of PDA has been evolving for 40+ years and is the treatment of choice. The AMPLATZER™ Duct Occluder (ADO) device was developed for larger diameter ducts and is not ideal in all PDAs. ADO II was developed for small to moderate‐sized ducts.MethodsThis is a single‐arm, multicenter study evaluating safety and efficacy of the ADO II device. Patients <18 years were screened for a PDA ≤5.5 mm in diameter and 3‐12 mm in length. Right and left heart catheterization was performed, and hemodynamic data were obtained at the time of implant. The diameter of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) and descending aorta, and the presence of any pre‐existing pressure gradients across the LPA or aortic arch were assessed at baseline and 6 months post‐implant.ResultsA total of 192 patients were enrolled. The median implant time was 74 min. Median fluoroscopy time was 12 min. A retrograde (aortic) approach was used in 33% of procedures and demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in fluoroscopy time (P value = 0.0018) compared to an antegrade approach. The device was successfully implanted in 93% of patients, with complete closure in 98% of successful implantations.ConclusionsIn this prospective study, the ADO II was safe and effective for closure of small to moderate PDAs. Implantation is simple and the ability for retrograde aortic delivery reduces procedure‐related radiation exposure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous coronary artery pseudoaneurysm: Rare anomaly with potentially significant clinical implications
Authors: Kar Subrata , Webel Richard R. 
Published: March 2017

Spontaneous coronary artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA, false aneurysm) is an extremely rare occurrence with the precise incidence unknown. It is defined as an outwardly bulging monolayer or double layer within the coronary artery that lacks all 3 layers (intima, media, and adventitia) of the arterial wall. Coronary PSA commonly occurs from arterial dissection or perforation induced by catheter intervention, infection, pregnancy, or trauma. Traumatic dissection or perforation of the coronary artery after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains the most common cause. Such cases may progress to myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction, or acute coronary artery rupture causing death from cardiac tamponade.Intravascular ultrasound or cardiac computed tomography may aid in the diagnosis. Treatment options include PCI with a covered stent, bare or drug‐eluting stent, coil embolization, coronary artery bypass graft with isolation of the PSA, or conservative management with vigilant clinical follow‐up. In this review, we sought to describe the diagnosis, etiology, treatment, and the limited literature on spontaneous coronary artery PSA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unusual presentation of an adult pedunculated hemangioma of the oropharynx
Authors: Lechien Jérôme René , De Marrez Lisa G. , Theate Ivan , Khalife Mohamad , Saussez Sven 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageHemangioma is a benign tumor rarely found in adult, especially in oropharynx. This study describes the first case of mixed hemangioma occurring as an oropharyngeal asymptomatic pedunculated mass. Biopsy is excluded given the risk of hemorrhage. Diagnosis and treatment are based on the surgical resection and the histopathologic examination.
Fractionation of Degraded Lignin by Using a Water/1‐Butanol Mixture with a Solid‐Acid Catalyst: A Potential Source of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Nakasaka Yuta , Yoshikawa Takuya , Kawamata Yuki , Tago Teruoki , Sato Shinya , Takanohashi Toshimasa , Koyama Yoshihito , Masuda Takao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFractionation of a lignin‐derived liquid using a water/1‐butanol mixture was investigated with the aim of developing a source of phenols. The effect of various phases on lignin depolymerization by using a water/1‐butanol mixture with a solid acid catalyst was investigated. The water/1‐butanol solvent was confirmed to be heterogeneous under the reaction conditions, and the liquid phase was essential for effective depolymerization of lignin. To make optimum use of the depolymerized lignin and to understand its chemical structure, solvent fractionation was performed by using a water/tetrahydrofuran solution, ethyl acetate, and n‐hexane as solvents. Catalytic cracking of the n‐hexane soluble fraction was performed over an iron oxide catalyst by using a high‐pressure fixed‐bed flow reactor at 673 K. The production of phenol was confirmed, and the demethoxylation reaction was examined by using model compounds. In addition, as the heavy components were extracted during the solvent fractionation, as confirmed by analysis of the molecular structures of the fractionated components, the formation of solid products could be suppressed to a level below 2.5 molC % based on lignin.
Chemical Structure Change of Magnesium Oxide in the Wet Oxidation Delignification Process of Biomass with Solid Alkali
Authors: Jiang Yetao , Ding Ning , Luo Bin , Li Zheng , Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Sun Yong , Liu Shijie , Lei Tingzhou , Lin Lu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have developed a facile MgO‐based wet oxidation process for biomass pretreatment. Herein, we performed kilo‐scale experiments to elucidate the transformations of Mg in the process as well as the recycling of the MgO‐based solid alkali. A new intermediate, magnesium oxide carbonate [Mg3O(CO3)2] generated in situ during the process was shown for the first time, which could provide an indispensably weak but adequate alkaline environment to support the oxygen delignification reaction. However, once the solid alkali was transformed into hydromagnesite [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2] with sufficient CO2, the hydromagnesite form would prevent the solid alkali from developing resistance to the acidic gaseous CO2. Ultimately, if we take the features of the solid alkali into consideration, alkali recovery for this process was fulfilled easily without concentration or causticization, which are of high cost but unavoidable in the traditional recycling of sodium alkali.
A Combined Approach using Sonochemistry and Photocatalysis: How to Apply Sonophotocatalysis for Biomass Conversion?
Authors: Chatel Gregory , Valange Sabine , Behling Ronan , Colmenares Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe innovative combination of sonochemistry (power ultrasound) and photocatalysis (UV light) has been extensively investigated in the literature, especially as an advanced oxidation process. Based on these results but with a completely different strategy, the sonophotocatalysis starts to be applied to organic reactions and could represent an innovative way to valorize biomass into fuels or platform molecules. This article discusses this opportunity and proposes some trends and outlooks for further researches in the area.
A Highly Active PBP–Iridium Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine–Borane: Catalytic Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Kwan Enrique Huang , Ogawa Hayato , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA long‐tethered boron‐containing (P‐B‐P) pincer ligand with an aliphatic backbone was synthesized. Oxidative addition of the B−H bond in the ligand to [Ir(coe)2Cl]2 (coe=cyclooctene) afforded the (P‐B‐P)Ir(H)Cl complex. A catalyst system comprising the iridium complex and KOtBu showed excellent performance in the dehydrocoupling of N,N‐dimethylamine–borane (DMAB), releasing 1 equivalent of dihydrogen gas from a concentrated solution of DMAB at a low catalyst loading of 0.05 mol % and with an initial turnover frequency of approximately 3400 h−1. The dihydride (P‐B‐P)Ir(H)2 complex also catalyzed the dehydrogenation of DMAB and was postulated as one of the intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
Single and Binary CO2/CH4 Separation of a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 Membrane
Authors: Lai Li Sze , Yeong Yin Fong , Lau Kok Keong , Shariff Azmi Mohd 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe performance of a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) membrane in single and binary CO2/CH4 gas separation was investigated by means of a gas transport model that included generalized Maxwell‐Stefan and binary friction models. The model concerns gas diffusion through the membrane layer, gas flow through membrane intercrystalline pores, and resistance of the support layer. The effective membrane area considering the actual area for the gas permeated through the membrane was also introduced in this model. The selective ZIF‐8 membrane was successfully synthesized using a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method on an α‐alumina support pre‐attached with ZIF‐8 seeds by solvent evaporation. The simulated data agreed well with the experimental data. The model revealed that the membrane intercrystalline pores and its effective area significantly affected the CO2/CH4 gas permeation and separation performance.
Mass Transfer from Small Droplets Suspended in a Turbulent Fluid
Authors: Jasińska Magdalena , Bałdyga Jerzy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe mechanism and efficiency of mass transfer in two‐phase liquid‐liquid systems are investigated. Experiments were carried out in a high‐shear in‐line rotor‐stator mixer. The method applied is based on the experimental determination of both the product distribution of the chemical test reactions and the drop size distributions. The product distribution of the complex test reactions was determined based on high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements. The drop size distribution was measured just after the process. The multifractal model of drop breakage and the model of mass transfer by Favelukis and Lavrenteva were applied to identify the energetic efficiency of drop breakage and mass transfer in the in‐line rotor‐stator mixer.
A Probabilistic‐Statistical Model of the Particle Classification Process in Small Hydrocyclone Classifiers
Authors: Krokhina Alina V. , Lvov Vladimir A. , Pavlikhin Gennady P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVarious chemical engineering processes, such as separation, purification or classification, apply hydrocyclones, either stand‐alone or as cascaded, multi‐level systems. However, calculation of transfer processes in hydrocylcone classifiers remains difficult due to the complex behavior of the dispersed particles. Here, an analytical model of particle classification process of liquid‐solid polydisperse systems in cylinder‐cone hydrocyclone classifiers of small sizes has been developed. The applicability of a probability and statistical calculation method by using diffusion‐type equations and, in particular, the Fokker‐Planck‐Kolmogorov equation, is theoretically shown.
Modeling Suspension Cultures of Microbial and Mammalian Cells with an Adaptable Six‐Compartment Model
Authors: Brüning Simone , Gerlach Inga , Pörtner Ralf , Mandenius Carl-Fredrik , Hass Volker C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProcess models can be used for model‐based control strategies, but model development is a time‐consuming and laborious task. To reduce the modeling effort, a new structured compartment model was developed, which may easily be adapted to different cultivation processes. The proposed six‐compartment model was used to describe the time courses of cultivations of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and mammalian cell lines, namely, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cyathus striatus, and a hybridoma mammalian cell line. The model can describe the time courses of important state variables and can be adapted to the cultivation processes by parameterization. This reduces the modeling effort for a new process significantly.
Porous Amorphous Co2P/N,B‐Co‐doped Carbon Composite as an Improved Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xing Yue‐Ming , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Liu Dai‐Huo , Li Wen‐Hao , Sun Ling‐Na , Geng Hong‐Bo , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Guan Hong‐Yu , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) represent a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, owing to the much higher abundance and lower cost of sodium resources in comparison with lithium. However, the electrode materials of SIBs usually suffer from more severe issues, such as low specific capacity and poor cyclability, owing to the much larger Na+ diameter and drastic volumetric variations during sodiation/desodiation. Hence, it is still a huge challenge to develop superior electrode materials for reversible Na storage. In comparison with the crystalline materials conventionally used in batteries, amorphous ones may offer a more stable framework for the uptake of Na. To address these issues, a porous composite composed of amorphous Co2P and N,B‐co‐doped carbon (A‐Co2P/CxNyBz‐650) is prepared by controlling the annealing temperature at 650 °C after freeze‐drying the precursors. As‐prepared A‐Co2P/CxNyBz‐650 exhibits much better Na‐storage properties in terms of higher Na‐storage capacity, longer cycling stability, and excellent rate performance compared with the crystalline counterparts. These may benefit from the fact that the amorphous framework can provide easier Na+ accessibility and better strain accommodation, originating from volumetric variations during sodiation/desodiation. More importantly, the electrolyte for all of the electrochemical tests are NaPF6 based, which is more accessible for practical applications because of its higher safety compared with the commonly used NaClO4‐based electrolyte.
Paragenesis of Palladium–Cobalt Nanoparticle in Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nanotubes as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen‐Evolution Reaction and Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction
Authors: Huang Binbin , Chen Liyu , Wang Yan , Ouyang Liuzhang , Ye Jianshan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play important roles in many energy conversion and storage systems. To accelerate the reaction processes, there is a constant need for efficient new catalysts. In the present work, we have developed a facile pyrolysis‐based process for the co‐synthesis of palladium‐cobalt nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (Pd‐CoCNTs), which exhibit superior catalytic activity for the HER and enhanced ORR performance. Non‐agglomerated Pd nanoparticles of diameters 2–4 nm are uniformly distributed on the surface of CoCNTs, while the inner Co particles are an essential element in forming the framework of the CoCNTs. Compared to the Pd‐free N‐rich CoCNTs, Pd‐CoCNTs have a more defective surface with a larger electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), and show enhanced ORR activity, outstanding methanol tolerance, and long‐term stability in alkaline solution. At a low Pd loading of 0.0292 mg cm−2, the Pd‐CoCNTs require overpotentials of 0.024 V and 0.215 V to catalyze the HER and to drive a current density of 50 mA cm−2 in acidic solution, respectively. The palladium nanoparticles on the surface of the CoCNTs are considered to be highly active sites for HER, based on the results of control experiments, and it is easy to adjust the catalytic activity of the Pd‐CoCNTs by changing the concentration of Pd therein. The proposed method provides a means of fabricating efficient bifunctional catalysts with controllable low contents of precious metals.
Formation and Reactivity of a C‐P‐N‐Sc Four‐Membered Ring: H2, O2, CO, Phenylsilane, and Pinacolborane Activation
Authors: Zhou Jiliang , Xiang Li , Guo Jingjing , Leng Xuebing , Chen Yaofeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractReaction of scandium dimethyl complex LScMe2 (L=[2‐{N(DIPP)C(Ph)N}C6H4CH=N(DIPP)]−, DIPP=2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3) (2) with bulky phosphine ArPH2 (Ar=2,6‐{3,5‐(Me)2C6H3}2C6H3) gives an unprecedented scandium 2,3‐azaphosphametallacyclobutane complex L′Sc (L′=[2‐{N(DIPP)C(Ph)N}C6H4C(H)P(2,6‐{3,5‐(CH3)2C6H3}2C6H3)N(DIPP)]3−) (3) that contains a C‐P‐N‐Sc four‐membered ring. Complex 3 was characterized by X‐ray crystallography, revealing a short distance between the Sc and P atoms (2.786(1) Å), but without a direct Sc−P bonding interaction. The formation of 3 involves a complete cleavage of the imino bond of the tridentate ligand L and C−P and N−P bond coupling. Complex 3 not only activates H2 under mild conditions to give a H−H bond cleavage product, but also reacts with O2, CO, phenylsilane, and pinacolborane to produce novel products through cleavage and formation of various bonds.
A Hollow Tube‐on‐Tube Architecture of Carbon‐Tube‐Supported Nickel Cobalt Sulfide Nanotubes for Advanced Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Nannan , Wang Yanjie , Cui Shizhong , Hou Hongwei , Mi Liwei , Chen Weihua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe nanotube structure has unique advantages, such as a large electroactive surface area and shorter diffusion pathway for ions/electrons for energy storage. In this paper, we fabricated a novel supercapacitor electrode material based on a composite material with a hollow tube‐on‐tube architecture. This architecture, which was derived from the sustainable Juncus roemerianus, consisted of nickel cobalt sulfide nanotubes coating the exterior and interior of carbon tubes. The obtained hollow tube‐on‐tube structure is similar to a reservoir, in which ions/electrons can diffuse via a bi‐directional method and supply and transfer to the carbon tube interface. Consequently, this structure can probably provide more electrochemically active sites for its application in high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). The assembled ASC device also presents superior specific capacitance (83 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1), high energy density (27.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 263.6 W kg−1), and good cycling stability (72.23 % capacitance retention after 3000 cycles). Therefore, the NiCo2S4/bio‐carbon electrode with hollow tube‐on‐tube structure is not only a promising electrode material, but also can be applicable to energy storage and conversion devices.
Formation and Stability of Bulk Nanobubbles Generated by Ethanol–Water Exchange
Authors: Qiu Jie , Zou Zhenglei , Wang Shuo , Wang Xingya , Wang Lei , Dong Yaming , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Lijuan , Hu Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBulk nanobubbles have unique properties and find potential applications in many important processes. However, their stability or long lifetime still needs to be understood and has attracted much attention from researchers. Bulk nanobubbles are generated based on ethanol–water exchange, a method that is generally used in the study of surface nanobubbles. Their formation and stability is further studied by using a new type of dynamic light scattering known as NanoSight. The results show that the concentration of the bulk nanobubbles produced by this method is about five times greater than that in the degassed group, which indicates the existence of bulk gas nanobubbles. The effects of ethanol/water ratios and temperature on the stability of the bulk nanobubbles have also been studied and their numbers reach a maximum at a ratio of about 1:10 (v/v).