bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-reactivity of antibodies against interferon beta in multiple sclerosis patients and interference of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway
Authors: Hurtado-Guerrero Isaac , Pinto-Medel Maria Jesus , Urbaneja Patricia , Rodriguez-Bada Jose Luis , Ortega-Pinazo Jesús , Serrano Pedro , Fernández Óscar , Leyva Laura , Oliver-Martos Begoña 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInterferon beta (IFNβ) therapy has immunogenic properties and induces the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). From the extensive literature focused in the development of NAbs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, their ability to cross-react has been deficiently evaluated, despite having important consequences in the clinical practice. Here, the relation between the cross-reactivity and the NAbs titers has been evaluated in MS patients, by inhibition of the antiviral activity of IFNβ by bioassay and through the interference with the activation of the IFNß pathway (JAK-STAT), by phosphoflow. Thus, patients with intermediate-high titers of NAbs, determined by bioassay, had a 79-fold increased risk of cross-reactivity compared to patients with low titers. The cross-reactivity is also demonstrated because NAbs positive sera were able to decrease significantly the activation of pSTAT1 achieved by other different IFNβ molecules in the cells patients. Besides, a linear relationship between the STAT1 phosphorylation and NAbs titers was found. The study demonstrates that cross-reactivity increases with the titer of antibodies, which has important implications in clinical practice when switching the treatment. The direct relationship between the NAbs titer and the activation of STAT1 suggest that its determination could be an indirect method to identify the presence of NAbs.
Charge-state Resolved Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) Spectroscopy of Ubiquitin Ions in the Gas Phase
Authors: Yang Yijie , Liao Guanhua , Kong Xianglei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, we obtained for the first time the direct infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of ubiquitin ions in the range 2700–3750 cm−1. Ubiquitin ions with different charge states showed absorption in the two regions of 2940–3000 cm−1 and 3280–3400 cm−1. The increase of the charge state of ubiquitin ions broadened the absorption peak on the high-frequency side in the second region, indicating some hydrogen bonds were weakened due to Coulomb interaction. It is also found that the relative intensity of the absorption peak in the first region compared to the absorption peak in the second region increased with increasing charge state, making the IRMPD spectra charge-state resolved. Although it is usually reasonable to suggest the origin of the absorption in the range 2940–3000 cm−1 as the C-H bond stretching modes, the results show significantly reduced absorption after the deuteration of all labile hydrogen atoms. A possible explanation for this is that the coupling coefficients between the C-H vibrational mode and other selective modes decreased greatly after the deuteration, reducing the rate of energy redistribution and probability of consecutive IR absorption.
All-dielectric polarization-independent optical angular filter
Authors: Qian Qinyu , Xu Changqing , Wang Chinhua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report on an all-dielectric, polarization-independent angular filter with one-dimension (1D) photonic crystal (PC) composed of semiconductor compatible Si/SiO2 pairs. The near-symmetric directional band gap of p- and s-polarized components and Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonances are utilized to realize efficient polarization-independent angular filtering for normal incidence. The proposed angular filter is designed and experimentally demonstrated in a large area (5 cm × 5 cm) with multilayer sputtering depositions. Experimental measurements show that a divergence angle of the polarization-independently transmitted beam through the angular filtering sample at 1550 nm is 2.2° only and the transmission is as high as 0.8 at normal incidence. The proposed and demonstrated angular filter suggests an effective way to design and implement semiconductor compatible, all-dielectric and polarization-independent angular filters in a fashion of simple structure and easy-fabrication, which is expected to have great applications in lighting, beam manipulation, optical coupling and optical communications.
Single shot laser writing with sub-nanosecond and nanosecond bursts of femtosecond pulses
Authors: Okhrimchuk Andrey , Fedotov Sergey , Glebov Ivan , Sigaev Vladimir , Kazansky Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA method is proposed for efficient laser modification of fused silica and sapphire by means of a burst of femtosecond pulses having time separation in the range 10–3000 ps. Modification enhancement with the pulse separation increase in the burst was observed on the tens picoseconds scale. It is proposed that accumulated transient tensile strain in the excitation region plays a crucial role in modification by a sub-nanosecond burst.
Metabolomics profiling reveals different patterns in an animal model of asphyxial and dysrhythmic cardiac arrest
Authors: Varvarousis Dimitrios , Xanthos Theodoros , Ferino Giulio , Noto Antonio , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Mura Massimo , Scano Paola , Chalkias Athanasios , Papalois Apostolos , De-Giorgio Fabio , Baldi Alfonso , Mura Paolo , Staikou Chryssoula , Stocchero Matteo , Finco Gabriele , d’Aloja Ernesto , Locci Emanuela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCardiac arrest (CA) is not a uniform condition and its pathophysiology strongly depends on its cause. In this work we have used a metabolomics approach to study the dynamic metabolic changes occurring in the plasma samples of a swine model following two different causes of CA, namely asphyxia (ACA) and ventricular fibrillation (VFCA). Plasma samples were collected at baseline and every minute during the experimental phases. In order to identify the metabolomics profiles characterizing the two pathological entities, all samples were analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS spectrometry.The metabolomics fingerprints of ACA and VFCA significantly differed during the peri-arrest period and the resuscitation phase. Major alterations were observed in plasma concentrations of metabolites related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, urea cycle, and anaplerotic replenishing of TCA. ACA animals showed significant metabolic disturbances during the asphyxial and CA phases, while for VFCA animals this phenomenon resulted shifted at the resuscitation phase. Interestingly, starting from the asphyxial phase, the ACA animals were stratified in two groups based on their metabolomics profiles that resulted to be correlated with the clinical outcome. Succinate overproduction was observed in the animals with the worse outcome, suggesting a potential prognostic role for this metabolite.
Random Combinatorial Gradient Metasurface for Broadband, Wide-Angle and Polarization-Independent Diffusion Scattering
Authors: Zhuang Yaqiang , Wang Guangming , Liang Jiangang , Cai Tong , Tang Xiao-Lan , Guo Tongfeng , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes an easy, efficient strategy for designing broadband, wide-angle and polarization-independent diffusion metasurface for radar cross section (RCS) reduction. A dual-resonance unit cell, composed of a cross wire and cross loop (CWCL), is employed to enhance the phase bandwidth covering the 2π range. Both oblique-gradient and horizontal-gradient phase supercells are designed for illustration. The numerical results agree well with the theoretical ones. To significantly reduce backward scattering, the random combinatorial gradient metasurface (RCGM) is subsequently constructed by collecting eight supercells with randomly distributed gradient directions. The proposed metasurface features an enhanced specular RCS reduction performance and less design complexity compared to other candidates. Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed RCGM can significantly suppress RCS and exhibits broadband, wide-angle and polarization independence features.
Application of MMC‐UPFC in the 500 kV power grid of Suzhou
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Yiyu , Feng Changyou , Lin Jinjiao 
Published: November 2017

To solve the problem regarding the power supply capacity improving and ultra‐high‐voltage direct current (UHVDC) power assumption of 500 kV Suzhou power network in China, research on the feasibility for application of a unified power flow controller (UPFC) in 500 kV southern power grid of Suzhou is carried out. Furthermore, the scheme of the UPFC integrated and its topology structure is given, and the capacity of the UPFC is determined by system calculation. The principle for the selection of key parameters for the main equipment in the UPFC project is discussed. The effect on the power flow and voltage regulation of 500 kV Suzhou power grid is verified by simulation, which indicates that the regulating by UPFC can eliminate the overload of key transmission section as line tripped, under the heavy load condition in winter. During summer under heavy load conditions, it is beneficial to decrease the capacity of load shedding as the UHVDC bipolar is blocked. In addition, the reactive power control of the UPFC can provide the dynamic voltage support for the power grid, which reduces the probability and the time duration of the commutation failure of the UHVDC.
Biologically Active Orbitides from the Euphorbiaceae Family
Authors: Ramalho Suelem , Pinto Meri , Ferreira Douglas , Bolzani Vanderlan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA comprehensive overview of natural orbitides isolated from Euphorbiaceae species and their most relevant biological activities are presented. Euphorbiaceae is a large and diverse family, which comprises about 300 genera, and is known as an important source of medicines and toxins. Several classes of secondary metabolites have been described for this taxon, however, orbitides have been broadly reported in Jatropha and Croton genera. Additionally, the latex is documented as the main source of orbitides in this family. Based on their structural and functional diversity, orbitides present a large variety of biological activities described as cytotoxicity, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, enzymatic inhibition, and immunosuppressive, although the mechanism of action still needs to be further investigated. In recent years, the discovery of bioactive cyclic peptides from different sources has grown exponentially, making them promising molecules in the search for new drug leads. This review also highlights the attempts made by many researchers to organize the orbitides nomenclature and amino acid numbering, as well the important progress recently achieved in the biosynthetic study area.
3.5.13 Silver-Promoted Coupling Reactions
Authors: Weibel J.-M. , Blanc A. , Pale P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSilver salts or complexes promote a variety of useful C—C bond-forming transformations in organic synthesis, usually under very mild conditions. In these reactions, silver can be engaged either as catalyst or cocatalyst, or as an organometallic reagent. Organosilver species act as mild nucleophiles toward alkyl halides or epoxides, but also toward carbonyl and imine derivatives and related heterocycles such as pyridines or quinolines. Silver can promote the homocoupling of a variety of organometallic reagents, of heterocycles, and of electron-deficient alkenes upon addition of the corresponding fluoride salts. Silver also promotes the cross coupling of alkyl or aryl halides, alkenes and alkynes, and even (het)arenes. Furthermore, silver salts often improve the efficiency of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, or coupling reactions involving C—H activation or decarboxylation.
31.5.1.1.18 Synthesis of Phenols and Phenolates by Substitution (Update 2018)
Authors: González-Bello C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review (Section 31.5.1.1) describing the synthesis of monohydric phenols by substitution approaches. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2007–2016, with a particular emphasis on the recent C—H activation methods and hydroxylation by substitution of diverse functional groups, including boronic acids, silanes, and halides.
31.5.1.3.6 Synthesis of Phenols and Phenolates by Rearrangement (Update 2018)
Authors: González-Bello C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review (Section 31.5.1.3) describing the synthesis of monohydric phenols by rearrangement. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2007–2016, with a particular emphasis on anionic and Lewis acid mediated Fries-type rearrangements.
31.5.1.4.3 Synthesis of Phenols and Phenolates with Retention of the Functional Group (Update 2018)
Authors: González-Bello C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review (Section 31.5.1.4) describing the functionalization of monohydric phenols. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2007–2016, with a particular emphasis on metal-catalyzed alkylation methods as well as trifluoromethylsulfanylation approaches.
32.2.6 Monofunctionalized Allenes (Update 2018)
Authors: Hashmi A. S. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to Science of Synthesis Section 32.2, covering the synthesis of allenes bearing one heteroatom substituent on the cumulated diene core. It covers the literature from 2008 to 2016. Many routes to these allenes start from alkynes, enynes, or propargylic systems and the syntheses proceed through substitution/rearrangement, but reactions involving the modification of an existing allene core are also included. In recent years, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure allenes has been of particular interest.
2.1.1 The Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Reaction in the Context of Domino Processes
Authors: West G. J. , Sorensen E. J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Diels–Alder cycloaddition has been a key component in innumerable, creative domino transformations in organic synthesis. This chapter provides examples of how this [4 + 2] cycloaddition has been incorporated into the said cascades, with particular attention to its interplay with the other reactions in the sequence. We hope that this review will assist the interested reader to approach the design of novel cascades involving the Diels–Alder reaction.
2.1.2 Domino Reactions Including [2 + 2], [3 + 2], or [5 + 2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Coldham I. , Sheikh N. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter covers examples of domino reactions that include a [2 + 2]-, [3 + 2]-, or [5 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction. The focus is on concerted reactions that occur in a tandem sequence in one pot, rather than overall “formal cycloadditions” or multicomponent couplings. The cycloaddition step typically involves an alkene or alkyne as one of the components in the ring-forming reaction. In addition to the key cycloaddition step, another bond-forming reaction will be involved that can precede or follow the cycloaddition. This other reaction is often an alkylation that generates the substrate for the cycloaddition, or is a ring-opening or rearrangement reaction that occurs after the cycloaddition. As the chemistry involves sequential reactions including at least one ring-forming reaction, unusual molecular structures or compounds that can be difficult to prepare by other means can be obtained. As a result, this strategy has been used for the regio- and stereoselective preparation of a vast array of polycyclic, complex compounds of interest to diverse scientific communities.
2.1.3 Domino Transformations Involving an Electrocyclization Reaction
Authors: Suffert J. , Gulea M. , Blond G. , Donnard M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractElectrocyclization processes represent a powerful and efficient way to produce carbo- or heterocycles stereoselectively. Moreover, when electrocyclizations are involved in domino processes, the overall transformation becomes highly atom and step economic, enabling access to structurally complex molecules. This chapter is devoted to significant contributions published in the last 15 years, focusing on synthetic methodologies using electrocyclization as a key step in a domino process.
2.1.4 Sigmatropic Shifts and Ene Reactions (Excluding [3,3])
Authors: Novikov A. V. , Zakarian A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter features a review and discussion of the domino transformations initiated by ene reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements, particularly focusing on [2,3]-sigmatropic shifts, such as Mislow–Evans and Wittig rearrangements, and [1,n] hydrogen shifts. A variety of examples of these domino processes are reviewed, featuring such follow-up processes to the initial reaction as additional ene reactions or sigmatropic shifts, Diels–Alder cycloaddition, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, electrocyclization, condensation, and radical cyclization. General practical considerations and specific features in the examples of the reported cascade transformation are highlighted. To complete the discussion, uses of these cascade processes in the synthesis of natural products are discussed, demonstrating the rapid assembly of structural complexity that is characteristic of domino processes. Overall, the domino transformations initiated by ene reactions and sigmatropic shifts represent an important subset of domino processes, the study of which is highly valuable for understanding key aspects of chemical reactivity and development of efficient synthetic methods.
2.3.1 Additions to Nonactivated C=C Bonds
Authors: Yu Z. W. , Yeung Y.-Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractElectrophilic additions to nonactivated C=C bonds are one of the well-known classical reactions utilized by synthetic chemists as a starting point to construct useful complex organic molecules. This chapter covers a collection of electrophile-initiated domino transformations involving alkenes as the first reaction, followed by reaction with suitable nucleophiles in the succession and termination reactions under identical conditions. The discussion focuses on recent advances in catalysis, strategically designed alkenes, and new electrophilic reagents employed to improve reactivity and control of stereochemistry in the sequence of bond-forming steps.
2.3.3 Addition to Monofunctional C=O Bonds
Authors: Song A. , Wang W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric domino addition to monofunctional C=O bonds is a powerful group of methods for the rapid construction of valuable chiral building blocks from readily available substances. Impressive progress has been made on transition-metal-catalyzed and organocatalytic systems that promote such addition processes through reductive aldol, Michael/aldol, or Michael/Henry sequences. In addition, Lewis acid catalysis has also been developed in this area for the synthesis of optically active chiral molecules. This chapter covers the most impressive examples of these recent developments in domino chemistry.
Conditional support for territorial migrations in Serbian national discourse
Authors: Petrovic Jelena 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
After more than a decade of Serbia’s investment in the EU integration, its citizens are still imagining their national identities from the externally assigned position of ‘flawed’ Europeans. To respond to this subject position in the context of ongoing migration trends in Europe, these individuals engage in identity politics that both celebrate elements of otherness, and also locate them in the country’s own internal and Eastern Others. This study uses critical discourse analysis to examine the ideological effects of these negotiations in response to the 2010/2011 asylum-seeking crisis, when a number of Serbian citizens applied for asylum in several EU countries, which defined this as an abuse of Schengen system. The analysis of more than 1,000 online comments shows that newsreaders offer conditional support for asylum seekers to (re)inscribe preferred social hierarchies. Represented simultaneously as suffering citizens and immoral internal other, asylum seekers serve as the strategic means by which ethnic discrimination becomes an invisible element of everyday nationalism.
In transit
Authors: Felberg Tatjana Radanović , Šarić Ljiljana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the representation of migration and migrants in Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters’ online portals during the “migrant crisis” in 2015/2016. The study shows that there are similarities in representations in the two portals at both the macro- and micro-linguistic levels. The migrants are generally represented in positive terms congruent with the official policies of Croatia and Serbia. However, this positive representation was frequently used for positive self-evaluation in contrast to negative evaluation of others – in this case, neighboring countries.
Xenophobic Trumpeters
Authors: Knoblock Natalia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImmigration has been and remains a conspicuous topic in American political debate, and the ongoing refugee crisis in Europe, exasperated by the Syrian conflict, has brought the issue of Muslim immigration into focus. The topic has been exploited, among others, by the presidential candidate Donald J. Trump. His proposal to ban Muslims from entering the U.S. achieved great resonance and stimulated passionate discussion. This discussion, which displayed a high degree of xenophobia and verbal aggression, is the target of this paper’s investigation. Material was collected from Trump’s official Facebook page and was analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistic methods. The results highlight the strategies employed in discourse that aims to posit Muslims as “Others” and as incompatible with American society, as well as dangerous, aggressive, and inferior, through the choice of semantic, syntactic, and rhetorical discursive structures.
The genre effect
Authors: Gavaler Chris , Johnson Dan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Some purport that literary fiction is determined by high inference demands. The subgenre of science fiction is often defined by story-world tropes that may reduce inferential demands. However, science fiction with high inference demands may also constitute literary fiction. Instead of inferential demands, it may be readers’ responses to setting that distinguishes science fiction and narrative realism. In two experiments, a story was manipulated for contemporary and science-fiction settings. Also, a version of each text with and without explanatory statements manipulated inference demand. Readers perceived the science-fiction text as lower in literary quality. For science fiction, readers also exerted less inference effort for theory of mind, but more for understanding the world. Regardless of inference effort, participants who read the story in the science-fiction world performed more poorly on comprehension. Readers’ expectations triggered by setting tropes seem to be particularly potent determinants of literary quality perceptions, inference effort, and comprehension.
Mediated relationships with TV characters
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Hershman-Shitrit Michal 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Five TV actors completed the Big Five personality scale for a character they played on a popular Israeli TV comedy. Viewers of each of these series completed the same scales both for themselves and as they thought the characters would have completed them. They then completed parasocial relationship and identification scales with respect to the same character. Perceived and measured similarity scores (i.e., using the actors’ scores) were computed for each viewer-character pair. These similarity scores were then used to predict both parasocial relationship strength and the degree of identification. Results show that perceived and measured similarity are mostly unrelated and that perceived similarity, but not measured similarity, is related to parasocial relationships and identification. Implications of these results for mediated relationships theory and measurement validity are discussed.