bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Assessment of Inflammation and Treatment Response in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Quantification
Authors: Socaciu Mihai , Ciobanu Lidia , Diaconu Brindusa , Hagiu Claudia , Seicean Andrada , Badea Radu 
Published: December 2015

ackground & Aim: Novel biological therapies in Crohn’s disease (CD) or Ulcerative colitis (UC) require a proper follow-up for the assessment of bowel inflammation. While endoscopy is the standard method, the imaging techniques using contrast, particularly contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), are better tolerated by the patients and can be used more frequently. Our aim was to find the usefulness of dynamic CEUS quantification as compared to endoscopy in the assessment of disease activity and in the follow-up under therapy of the patients suffering from either CD or UC.
Method: We have prospectively evaluated 67 patients with UC and 46 with CD, diagnosed by ileo-colonoscopy and biopsy, comparing the endoscopic scores with clinical scores, C reactive protein (CRP), intestinal wall thickness, layer scores after CEUS and TIC parameters (using SonoLiver® software – Imax, RT, TTP, mTT and AUC). For 25 patients with UC and 13 with CD we performed comparisons of the parameters before and after 3 months of treatment and correlated them with the changes in the endoscopic scores.
Results: For UC, time-intensity curves (TIC) volume parameters (AUC) correlated better with endoscopy (ρ=0.64) than the clinical score (ρ =0.62). Other parameters such as CRP and thickness showed significant but less strong correlation, while TIC flow parameters (RT, TTP and mTT) did not show a significant correlation. Results were similar for CD (ρ=0.64 for Imax vs ρ=0.58 for CDAI). The best predictor for endoscopic improvement in both UC and CD was ln(AUC), with a Wilcoxon Z score of 3.76 and 2.61, respectively. There was also a good correlation between the difference of its values and the difference in endoscopic scores before and after the treatment (rho is 0.68 in UC and 0.73 in CD).
Abbreviations: CD: Crohn’s disease; CDAI: Crohn‘s disease activity index; CDEIS: Crohn‘s disease endoscopic index of severity; CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography; CICDA: Composite index of CD activity; CRP: C-reactive protein; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; Imax: Maximum intensity; ln(AUC): Natural logarithm of AUC; MPI: Maximum peak intensity; mTT: Mean transit time; ROI: Region of interest; RT: Rise time; SES-CD: Simple endoscopic score for Crohn‘s disease; TIC:
How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection
Authors: Voiculescu Mihai 
Published: December 2015

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered.
Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.
Controlled synthesis of few layer graphene films for gas sensor applications
Authors: Chaudhari S. , Graves A.R. , Cain M.V. , Stinespring C.D. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA novel approach for synthesis of few layer graphene films on SiC has been developed which uses halogen based inductively coupled-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in atmospheric pressure argon. These films have been characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Surface characterization by XPS reveals the presence of defects similar to those observed for graphene oxide (GO) but at a much lower levels that those observed for GO. As in the case for GO, the defect density could be further reduced by chemical methods which improved carbon to defect ratio based on XPS analyses. Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of D, G and 2D peaks at 1330 cm-1, 1599 cm-1and 2671 cm-1, respectively, which is comparable with similar graphene films formed by thermal annealing of SiC. The full widths at half max (FWHM) for these peaks was, however, comparable to those observed for GO. Electrical characterization of these graphene films using collinear four point probe measurements showed the electrical resistivity of these films is consistent with the observed values for few layer exfoliated graphene. Gas sensor structures were fabricated using lithography free methods, and initial gas response studies were performed for H2.
High-pressure Metal Hydride Tank for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Mori Daigoro , Haraikawa Norihiko , Kobayashi Nobuo , Kubo Hidehito , Toh Keiji , Tsuzuki Makoto , Shinozawa Tamio , Matsunaga Tomoya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new type of hydrogen-absorbing alloy tank has been developed. The high-pressure metal hydride (MH) tank has been designed based on a 35 MPa cylinder vessel. The heat exchanger module is integrated into the tank. Its advantage over high-pressure cylinder vessels is its large hydrogen storage capacity, for example 7.3 kg with a tank volume of 180 L. Cruising range is about 2.5 times longer than that of a 35 MPa cylinder vessel system with the same volume.The hydrogen-charging rate of this system is equal to the 35 MPa cylinders without any external cooling facility. Furthermore, release of hydrogen at 243 K is enabled due to the use of a hydrogen-absorbing alloy with a high disassociation pressure, Ti-Cr-Mn alloy with AB2 laves phase. It is thought that the high-pressure MH system is one realistic option for fuel cell vehicles to achieve a cruising range of over 700 km.
Tuning of Hidden Order and Superconductivity in URu2Si2 by Applied Pressure and Re Substitution
Authors: Butch Nicholas P. , Jeffries Jason R. , Yukich Benjamin T. , Maple M. Brian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of URu2-xRexSi2 have been grown via the Czochralski technique. Detailed electrical transport studies under pressure on single crystals of URu2Si2 confirm that the zero-temperature critical field is suppressed smoothly towards an extrapolated critical pressure of 15 kbar, which also corresponds to the accepted critical pressure of the hidden order phase. Improving on previous work on polycrystalline samples, studies of single crystals of URu2-xRexSi2 have provided more precise tracking of the suppression of both the hidden order phase at low doping and the ferromagnetic phase at intermediate Re concentrations.
Clinico-etiological profile and outcome of hyponatremia in hospitalised adult patients
Authors: Baji Parijat P. , Borkar Suresh S. 
Published: November 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalised patients. Incidence varies from 1% to 40%. It is common in the elderly, mainly owing to impaired water and electrolyte balance in response to diet, drugs and environmental changes. This study is to evaluate clinical features, aetiologies and outcome in patients with hyponatremia (Sr. Na &lt;120 mmol/L at the time of admission).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>An observational study was conducted in 76 patients admitted in Kamalnayan Bajaj Hospital, Aurangabad from August 2013 to August 2014. All patients having their serum sodium concentration less than 120 mmol/L were included in the study. History, examination and relevant details were taken. Outcome was noted. Student’s t-test, chi square test and Fisher’s exact test were applied for statistical analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In the present study, mean age of the patients was 59.4% years. 43% patients were euvolemic, 38% hypervolemic and 19% hypovolemic. Nausea (54%) was most common gastrointestinal while drowsiness (42%) was the most common neurological symptom. Etiology of hyponatremia was multifactorial in 76% cases. Use of diuretics (53%) was the most common etiological factor. SIADH was suspected in nine patients. Mortality was 21%. Most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (51%) and diabetes mellitus (42%).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalised patients. There is an increasing tendency for it to occur with increasing age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and use of drugs (diuretics). Nausea, vomiting and drowsiness are the commonest symptoms. Mortality is high, though not directly related to serum sodium levels. Hyponatremia acts as a poor prognostic marker of primary disease.</p>
Caracterização numérica de antenaplanar para aplicação no sistema de comunicação móvel 4G utilizando a técnica de inserção de fendas
Authors: Silva Jefferson Costa e , Evangelista Thamyris Da Silva 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma antena com pequenas dimensões que atue na faixa de frequência utilizada pelo sistema de quarta geração de telefonia móvel (4G) – 2,5 GHz a 2,69 GHz. As simulações foram realizadas utilizando o software comercial Ansoft Designer. A estrutura escolhida para a simulação foi uma antena planar, que devido a algumas de suas características – tais como baixo perfil, pequenas dimensões e custo reduzido –, é importante para sistemas que demandam conectividade aliada à mobilidade, como é o caso do sistema 4G.</p>
Contextualizando a temática gases no Ensino Médio sob uma perspectiva dialogada e experimental
Authors: Figueirêdo Alessandra Marcone Tavares Alves de , Nascimento Mayzza Márcia Araújo do , Lima Luís Victor dos Santos , Sales Flávia Rhuana Pereira , Araújo Rafael De Carvalho , Souza Niely Silva de 
Published: December 2015

<p>O presente trabalho vem expor resultados da aplicação de uma sequência de atividades, que incluiu uso de ferramentas metodológicas diversas, proposta ao conteúdo “Gases e suas Transformações”. A aplicação foi realizada numa turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, do período noturno, da Escola Estadual Maria de Lourdes Araújo, localizada na cidade de Santa Rita-PB. Partindo de uma perspectiva contextualizada, a experimentação foi uma das principais estratégias adotadas com o intuito de fortalecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem destes estudantes, uma vez que se coadunou a teoria com a prática. Foram aplicados experimentos sucintos de forma a trabalhar a temática de maneira contextualizada, assim como a exposição de vídeos visando a fortalecer o processo de aprendizagem. Durante toda a aplicação, percebemos a participação ativa e envolvimento dos alunos, proporcionando um ambiente em que os mesmos compartilharam de seus conhecimentos do senso comum a respeito do conteúdo, a fim de construir, conjuntamente, conceitos sobre o tema, contribuindo para uma aprendizagem significativa.</p>
A indisciplina e o regulamento disciplinar: percepções de estudantes de cursos técnicos integrados
Authors: Rodrigues Icaro Arcênio de Alencar 
Published: December 2015

<p>O regulamento disciplinar de uma instituição de ensino é ferramenta de normatização do convívio no ambiente escolar. Com base nisso, esta pesquisa de campo, explicativa, transversal e qualiquantitativa busca investigar o conhecimento que os estudantes dos primeiros anos do ano letivo de 2014 dos Cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio do IFPB – Campus Campina Grande possuem acerca do Regulamento Disciplinar desta Instituição bem como sua função, além de registrar as sugestões dos alunos para a elaboração do referido documento. Foram entrevistados 38 estudantes, por meio de questionário, seguindo os critérios de ética em pesquisa. Observou-se que a maior parte dos discentes conhece o Regulamento Disciplinar, o identifica com a função de normatizar a convivência escolar, e não apresenta sugestões ou críticas à elaboração do Regulamento. Este trabalho abre novos campos de investigação sobre os impactos da apresentação do Regulamento aos discentes novatos realizada pelas Coordenações Pedagógica e de Assistência ao Estudante.</p>
Avaliação de Manchas de Pele Usando Processamento de Imagens
Authors: Adonias Geoflly De Lima , Regis Carlos Danilo Miranda 
Published: December 2015

<p>Doenças de pele podem ser classificadas em inúmeras patologias. A variedade destas com características similares dificultam o processo do diagnóstico precoce, comprometendo o tratamento eficaz do paciente. Uma dessas patologias é o vitiligo cuja incidência varia entre 0,1% e 2% da população mundial, atingindo pessoas de qualquer sexo ou tipo de pele e é causada pela ausência de melanina, cuja função é conferir pigmentação à pele. Este trabalho propõe uma avaliação de manchas de pele usando métodos de segmentação e descrição de imagens e apresenta os resultados para uma análise entre manchas de pele hipopigmentadas e manchas de intensidade mais escura.</p>
Energy-efficient Renovation of a Real Estate in AUSTRIA
Authors: Korjenic Azra , Vašková Anna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
An action have cities worldwide, due to urbanization. More than 70 percent of people in Europe live in cities, where 70 percent of the energy consumed. Without adequate measures, a rapidly growing city is at risk in by overloading the infrastructure, threats to water, energy, pollution, logistical bottlenecks and lack of housing. This paper describes an energy-efficient renovation or expansion planning a real estate in Vorarlberg, Austria. The settlement was analysed in more detail here, it involves the city Dornbirn- part Shor. The study investigated how to extend this settlement energy efficient and what feed for factors in the assessment.
Reducing Computational Space by an Adaptive Moving Boundary for Convective Dominated Flow
Authors: Sheoran K. S. , Al Kobaisi M. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work presents a computationally efficient method utilizing a flood front tracking technique "moving boundary" for simulating convective dominated flow problems. The method segregates the reservoir into two regions, active and inactive; the active region forms the curtailed system whose boundary conditions represent the inactive region. These regions adaptively change with the advancement of the floodfront until they eventually merge to cover the entire reservoir model.In essence and as the name hints, the method reduces the computational size of the reservoir by virtue of artificial, or virtual, boundaries. The technique correctly identifies regions of the reservoir undergoing rapid saturation changes and introduces either Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions at some downstream distance from the flood front. The collocations of points where the boundary conditions are applied constitute the moving virtual boundary. Once the flood front comes in the vicinity of a virtual boundary, the boundary is shifted to the next appropriate position, hence giving the method its name Moving Boundary.The method is akin to streamline simulation whereby streamlines, traced from a pressure gradient surface, are frozen for extended temporal lengths; whereas here we freeze some boundary conditions enabling us to effectively reduce the computational requirements. As in streamline simulation, our method is best suited for convective dominated flow problems.Two dimensional, highly heterogeneous, reservoir simulation runs utilizing the moving boundary method are presented and compared to those results obtained from conventional full model runs. The results indicate an excellent match along with the added computational efficiency.
Impact of Wellbore Completion Type on Fracture Initiation Pressure in Maximum Tensile Stress Criterion Model for Tight Gas Field in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Andreas Briner , Juan Chavez Florez , Sergey Nadezhdin , Nihat Gurmen , Olga Alekseenko , Sergey Cherny , Dmitry Kuranakov , Vasily Lapin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A detailed geomechanical study has been performed for a tight field in the Sultanate of Oman. This study included computation of fracture initiation pressure (FIP) applying the boundary element method (BEM) and maximal tensile stress (MTS) criterion using 3D numerical modeling. The goal of the present work is to numerically simulate the effects of wellbore completion type on FIP with arbitrary wellbore position and finding the conditions that correspond to the lowest FIP. The model is based on the BEM. Since the equations and correlations are not empirical and not field-specific, the model is applicable to a wide range of conditions. The data used for this project were from different zones and blocks of a tight gas-bearing sandstone field in the Sultanate of Oman. The amount and quality of available data allowed comprehensive model development. The model is built for the four blocks of the main field, but can be applied to the other blocks and fields. Two horizontal wells parallel to each other 400 m apart have been recently completed with different completion types, which allowed reasonable comparison of actual and modeled breakdown pressures for open and cased holes. Two vertical wells in different blocks have been completed with openhole sections with subsequent placement of hydraulic fractures. Discussion on the effectiveness of this completion type over the typically used cased and cemented completions in regards to breakdown pressure and overall well efficiency is provided. Some practical applications of the study include input for the decision on the completion type in vertical and horizontal wells.
Responses and Field Tests from an LWD Microimaging Tool Using Discrete Energy Pulsing
Authors: Chen Jiefu , Haramboure Carlos , Pate Lance , Martin Jay , Barnett Craig 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
An innovative microimaging sensor using discrete energy pulsing is designed to generate high resolution borehole images while drilling. Theoretical studies, laboratory experiments, and field tests in various reservoirs are given to show that this new Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) microimaging sensor can deliver wireline quality logs.
Rather than emitting a continuous sinusoidal electrical signal from the tool into the formation, the new microimaging sensor uses discrete energy pulsing. By pulsing the discrete signal, the tool’s measurement interval time is brief, which leads to less power consumption. The pulsing method has shown to increase image resolution as well as reduce image degradation resulting from stick–slip or other rapid tool movements. To further improve image quality, two different sized electrodes were used to extend the measurement range.
The tool responses of the new sensor were numerically modeled and thoroughly tested using lab mock-ups, and compared with wireline logs to demonstrate image quality. Tool eccentricity and standoff, both large factors in LWD microimaging log quality, were corrected using numerical tool models. The modeling also provides proper depth of investigation for dip calculation. Integrating the modeling results, calculations, and corrections into the new sensor design provides high quality images. Field testing was performed in various environments from depleted sand-shale sequences to low-resistivity pay zones and provided important feedback on electrode size resolution in regard to borehole feature details, eccentricity, and standoff.
The microimaging sensor using discrete energy pulsing is capable of detecting formation bedding planes, and faults as well as highly detailed features such as vugs and fractures. Integrating this sensor into an LWD tool provides high resolution imaging while drilling, and facilitates real-time geosteering and early evaluation of key formation characteristics such as frequency and orientation of natural fractures, which can aid in completion and stimulation designs for both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.
High Availability Corrosion Inhibition and Online Monitoring For Wet Sour Gas Pipelines
Authors: Daher E. , Laycock N. , deReus J. A. M. , Hendriksen E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper describes the approach taken and the lessons learned from a recent project, which required both corrosion and hydrate inhibition for subsea pipelines from normally unmanned offshore platforms to an onshore processing plant. Issues addressed include the corrosion control strategy, chemical injection system design and the challenges of ensuring robust corrosion monitoring in sour gas systems.
The Great Crew Change
Authors: Mew Kuan Wong 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
90% of Oil & Gas executives acknowledge that talent shortage is a major issue in the industry. 50% of the industry workforce is set to retire in the next 5 to 7 years. It is estimated that for every 2 employees who retire, there is only 1 new employee who enters the workforce. All these are signs of an imminent problem for the Oil & Gas industry – The Great Crew Change.