bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of a Bacterial Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase System on a Solid Support
Authors: Tan Cheau Yuaan , Hirakawa Hidehiko , Suzuki Risa , Haga Tomoaki , Iwata Fumiya , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBacterial cytochrome P450s (P450s), which catalyze regio‐ and stereoselective oxidations of hydrocarbons with high turnover rates, are attractive biocatalysts for fine chemical production. Enzyme immobilization is needed for cost‐effective industrial manufacturing. However, immobilization of P450s is difficult because electron‐transfer proteins are involved in catalysis and anchoring these can prevent them from functioning as shuttle molecules for carrying electrons. We studied a heterotrimeric protein‐mediated co‐immobilization of a bacterial P450, and its electron‐transfer protein and reductase. Fusion with subunits of a heterotrimeric Sulfolobus solfataricus proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) enabled immobilization of the three proteins on a solid support. The co‐immobilized enzymes catalyzed monooxygenation because the electron‐transfer protein fused to PCNA via a single peptide linker retained its electron‐transport function.
Exploiting Host–Guest Interactions for the Synthesis of a Rod–Rod Block Copolymer with Crystalline and Liquid‐Crystalline Blocks
Authors: Zhou Feng , Gu Ke‐Hua , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Zhang Meng‐Yao , Zhou Sheng , Shen Zhihao , Fan Xing‐He 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBy making use of the host–guest interactions between the host molecule tris‐o‐phenylenedioxycyclotriphosphazene (TPP) and the rod–coil block copolymer (BCP) poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(octyl 4′‐octyloxy‐2‐vinylbiphenyl‐4‐carboxylate) (PEO‐b‐PVBP), the supramolecular rod–rod block copolymer P(EO@TPP)‐b‐PVBP was constructed. It consists of a crystalline segment P(EO@TPP) with a hexagonal crystalline structure and a columnar nematic liquid‐crystalline segment (PVBP). As the PVBP segments arrange themselves as columnar nematic phases, the crystalline structure of the inclusion complex P(EO@TPP), which has a smaller diameter, is destroyed. The self‐assembled nanostructure is thus clearly affected by the interplay between the two blocks. On the basis of wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis, we conclude that the supramolecular rod–rod BCP can self‐assemble into a cylinder‐in‐cylinder double hexagonal structure.
Bi−P Bond Homolysis as a Route to Reduced Bismuth Compounds and Reversible Activation of P4
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , Lein Matthias , Coles Martyn P. , Fitchett Christopher M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBismuth diphenylphosphanides Bi(NONR)(PPh2) (NONR=[O(SiMe2NR)2], R=tBu, 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, Aryl) undergo facile decomposition via single‐electron processes to form reduced Bi and P species. The corresponding derivatives Bi(NONR)(PCy2) are stable. Reaction of the isolated BiII radical .Bi(NONAr) with white phosphorus (P4) proceeds with the reversible and selective activation of a single P−P bond to afford the bimetallic μ,η1:1‐bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutane compound.
Pyridyl‐Endcapped Polyynes: Stabilized Wire‐like Molecules
Authors: Krempe Maximilian , Lippert Rainer , Hampel Frank , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Jux Norbert , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 4‐ethynylpyridyl derivative with sterically shielding phenyl groups in the 3‐ and 5‐positions has been synthesized and used to terminate a series of polyynes. This approach allows for the synthesis of stable polyynes up to an octayne, twice as long as previous accessible for “unstabilized” pyridyl‐endcapped polyynes. The potential of these polyynes as wire‐like linkers to metal centers is demonstrated by axial coordination of pyridyl groups to zinc‐ and ruthenium‐metalloporphyrins.
Spectroscopic and X‐ray structural characterization of new polymeric organotin(IV) carboxylates and their in vitro antifungal activities: Part II
Authors: Rocha C.S. , de Morais B.P. , Rodrigues B.L. , Donnici C.L. , de Lima G.M. , Ardisson J.D. , Takahashi J.A. , Bitzer R.S. 
Published: October 2016

The reactions of R3SnCl (R = Me, Bu or Ph) with sodium 4‐phenylbutyrate, Na(OPhb), in EtOH yielded three polymeric triorganotin carboxylates, namely [R3Sn(OPhb)]n (R = Me (1), Bu (2) or Ph (3)). All complexes were spectroscopically characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 119Sn Mössbauer, 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR and 119Sn{1H} NMR spectral techniques. In addition, the crystal structures of 1 and 3 were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their polymeric structures are sustained by bridging carboxylates which connect two five‐coordinate Sn(IV) centres. Each metallic cation displays a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry (Addison's parameters ranging from 0.84 in 1 to 0.77–0.91 in 3), with the oxygen atoms occupying the apical positions and the organic groups at the equatorial corners. The one‐dimensional zigzag chains of 1 propagate along the b‐axis, whereas 3 displays wave‐like double polymeric chains along the b‐axis. For both 1 and 3, parallel one‐dimensional polymeric chains are interconnected by C─H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The antifungal activity of 1–3 was screened against Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), C. tropicalis (ATCC 750), C. glabrata (ATCC 90030), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), C. lusitaniae (CBS 6936) and C. dubliniensis (clinical isolate 28). The antifungal activity of 3 was noteworthy since it was not only more active than 1 and 2, but also more active than the control drugs (nystatin and fluconazole nitrate) in some cases.
Preparation of polyamide 6/polystyrene quasi‐nanoblends by diffusion and subsequent polymerization of styrene in water‐sorbed polyamide 6 pellets
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Huan , Chen Fang , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPolyamide 6 (PA6)/polystyrene (PS) blends with an average particle size of 103 nm were prepared by diffusion and subsequent polymerization of styrene in water‐sorbed PA6 pellets. The pretreatment of PA6 pellets in hot water is prerequisite for successful styrene diffusion. The diffusion process involves replacement of free water in the pellets by styrene, and should be carried out in neat styrene medium to provide concentration gradient between inside and outside of the pellets. The polymerization step was carried out in water medium with benzoic peroxide as the initiator. The diametrical distribution of PS in the blend pellets was investigated by Micro‐FTIR, and molecular weight of PS was measured by GPC. DSC measurements showed that the diffusion and polymerization of styrene occur in the amorphous regions of PA6 where the pre‐sorbed water locates. PA6/PS quasi‐nanoblends reported in this work cannot be obtained by conventional methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44554.
Free‐Standing NiO@C Nanobelt as an Efficient Catalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: Dong Qiuchun , Sun Chencheng , Dai Ziyang , Zang Xiaoxian , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCost‐effective and high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting are important for the production of renewable energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, a 3 D NiO nanobelt electrode was synthesized by direct oxidation of nickel foam using the hydrothermal method. Electrochemical studies reveal that the 3 D NiO nanobelt electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activities for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with low onset overpotential, small Tafel slope, and very eminent electrochemical stability in the standard aqueous solution of 1.0 m KOH. More importantly, the OER activity of 3 D NiO nanobelt can be enhanced by the wrapping of N‐doped carbon (NiO@C), which can achieve an overpotential of 500 mV at 100 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 92 mV dec−1, and distinguished electrochemical stability. This strategy provides a general route to prepare 3 D nanostructured catalyst for water splitting by directly using transition‐metal foam as metal source and substrate.
Poly(phosphorodiamidate)s by Olefin Metathesis Polymerization with Precise Degradation
Authors: Steinmann Mark , Wagner Manfred , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDegradable polymers are a currently growing field of research for biomedical and materials science applications. The majority of such compounds are based on polyesters and polyamides. In contrast, their phosphorus‐containing counterparts are much less studied, in spite of their potential precise degradation profile and biocompatibility. Herein, the first library of poly(phosphorodiamidate)s (PPDAs) with two P−N bonds forming the polymer backbone and a pendant P−OR group is prepared through acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. They are designed to vary in their hydrophilicity and are compared with the structural analogues poly(phosphoester)s (PPEs) with respect to their thermal properties and degradation profiles. The degradation of PPDAs can be controlled precisely by the pH: under acidic conditions the P−N linkages in the polymer backbone are cleaved, whereas under basic conditions the pendant ester is cleaved selectively and almost no backbone degradation occurs. The PPDAs exhibit distinctively higher thermal stability (from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)) and higher glass transition and/or melting temperatures (from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) compared with analogous PPEs. This renders this exotic class of phosphorus‐containing polymers as highly promising for the development of future drug carriers or tissue engineering scaffolds.
Highly Selective Zeolite Topologies for Flue Gas Separation
Authors: Gómez‐Álvarez Paula , Calero Sofia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas is essential for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In adsorptive methods, the challenge lies in the choice of suitable porous materials. Among all zeolite topologies, a number of adsorbents with pore dimensions in the range of the guest molecules were identified to allow an excellent separation by diffusion, and MRE and AFO zeolite topologies appear to be the best candidates based on equilibrium adsorption. Also, it was found that the behavior of this gas mixture in DFT and APD zeolites differed from the normal behavior.
The First Lanthanide Complexes with a Redox‐Active Sulfur Diimide Ligand: Synthesis and Characterization of [LnCp*2(RN=)2S], Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb; R=SiMe3
Authors: Klementyeva Svetlana V. , Gritsan Nina P. , Khusniyarov Marat M. , Witt Alexander , Dmitriev Alexey A. , Suturina Elizaveta A. , Hill Nathan D. D. , Roemmele Tracey L. , Gamer Michael T. , Boeré René T. , Roesky Peter W. , Zibarev Andrey V. , Konchenko Sergey N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first lanthanide complexes with a redox‐active sulfur diimide ligand, [LnCp*2(Me3SiN=)2S] (Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb; Cp*=η5‐C5Me5), are reported. The complexes were synthesized by using [LnCp*2(THF)2] and (Me3SiN=)2S and have been thoroughly characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, EPR spectroscopy, UV/Vis/NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry. The results, as interpreted by CASSCF/SOC‐RASSI calculations providing a non‐perturbative treatment of spin‐orbit coupling, indicate that these paramagnetic complexes are best described as Ln3+ and [(Me3SiN=)2S]−. adducts. As such, these complexes contain the first isolated and structurally characterized acyclic [(RN=)2S]−. radical anions.
Janus‐Partikel
Authors: Müller Nina , Heinrich Charlotte , Abersfelder Kai , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnisotrope Partikel sind eine Materialklasse, die es erlaubt, multifunktionelle Eigenschaften in einen partikulär aufgebauten Festkörper zu induzieren. Dadurch können unterschiedliche Funktionen in ein und dasselbe Partikel eingebaut werden, beispielsweise unterschiedliche Polaritäten oder magnetische und optische Eigenschaften. Durch ihre außergewöhnliche Struktur, mit zwei unterschiedlichen Kompartimenten an der Oberfläche, erhielt diese Partikelart den Namen Janus‐Partikel. Für die Chemie besteht die Herausforderung in der Synthese solcher Partikel. Es muss dafür gesorgt werden, dass die Reaktionsräume auf der Längenskala der Partikel so differenziert werden, dass es zu einer Anisotropie von Wachstums‐ oder Funktionalisierungsprozessen kommt. Hierbei spielen insbesondere Reaktionen an Phasengrenzen eine wichtige Rolle. Mittlerweile ist eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Janus‐Materialkombinationen bekannt und die ersten Systeme werden in technologischen Anwendungen verwendet.
Temporal trends in transcatheter aortic valve implantation, 2008–2014: patient characteristics, procedural issues, and clinical outcome
Authors: Landes Uri , Barsheshet Alon , Finkelstein Ariel , Guetta Victor , Assali Abid , Halkin Amir , Vaknin‐Assa Hanna , Segev Amit , Bental Tamir , Ben‐Shoshan Jeremy , Barbash Israel M. , Kornowski Ran 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAbout a decade past the first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), data are limited regarding temporal trends accompanying its evolution from novel technology to mainstream therapy. We evaluated these trends in a large multicenter TAVI registry.Hypothesis
TAVI is changing and improving with time.MethodsPatients who underwent TAVI between January 2008 and December 2014 at 3 high‐volume Israeli centers were divided into 5 time quintiles according to procedure date. Outcomes were analyzed and reported according to Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2.ResultsA total of 1285 patients were studied (43% male; mean age, 83 ± 3 years; mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons [STS] score, 5.5 ± 3.6). Over time, there was a shift toward treating patients at lower STS score, increased use of conscious sedation and transfemoral approach, and decreased use of balloon predilatation. The balloon‐expandable to self‐expandable valve utilization ratio decreased, the valve‐in‐valve experience increased from 4% to 17% of all TAVI volume, and length of hospital stay was halved (P = 0.006). Kaplan‐Meier survival curves showed gradual decrease in mortality risk (P = 0.031), but there was no significant 1‐year mortality decrease by multivariable analysis. Each year increment was associated with an adjusted 20%, 15%, and 12% decrease in new pacemaker obligation (P = 0.004), new pacemaker obligation or left bundle branch block (P = 0.008), and in‐hospital infections (P = 0.082), respectively.ConclusionsTemporal trends accompanying TAVI evolution include its utilization in lower‐risk patients, procedural simplification, improved overall survival, decreased pacemaker obligation, and shorter hospital stay.
Detection of Explosive Vapors: The Roles of Exciton and Molecular Diffusion in Real‐Time Sensing
Authors: Ali Mohammad A. , Shoaee Safa , Fan Shengqiang , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Meredith Paul , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics at the University of Queensland (Australia). The image shows how the real‐time response of a luminescent sensing film to explosive analyte vapors is governed by the propagation of a high‐concentration analyte front through the film rather than long‐range exciton diffusion. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600767.
Across the Board: Angela Dibenedetto
Authors: Dibenedetto Angela 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Angela Dibenedetto, who highlights the differences between natural and artificial photosynthesis, suggesting that solar chemistry may be the most appropriate terminology to describe these closely related solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion processes.
Causes of false‐negative for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology
Authors: Lee Paul J. , Owens Christopher L. , Lithgow Marie Y. , Jiang Zhong , Fischer Andrew H. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionThe Paris System for classifying urine cytology emphasizes identification of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). The causes of false‐negative urine cytologies (UC) within this system are not well described.Material and MethodsWe identified 660 cases between 2005 and 2013 with both UC and subsequent cystoscopic biopsies. UC were classified as either Negative for HGUC or “Abnormal” (“Atypical”, “Suspicious”, and “Malignant”). Apparent false‐negative cases were reviewed in a nonblinded fashion by two cytopathologists and two subspecialized genitourinary pathologists.ResultsA total of 199 of the 660 cases (30%) were histologically diagnosed as HGUC. The UC were “Abnormal” in 170/199 cases (sensitivity/specificity of 86%/71%). Twenty four apparent false negative cases were available for retrospective review. Five of 24 (21%) cystoscopic biopsies were found not to be HGUC on review (one false positive and four low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC on review). Of the remaining 19 UC, 7 (29%) cytology samples were found to be truly negative on review, 11 (46%) were found to be Atypical, and 1 (4%) suspicious. Of the 12 UC that were at least “Atypical” with histologic HGUC on review: six misses (half) were attributed to obscuring inflammation/blood, four to poor preservation, eight to paucity of abnormal cells, and 1 case to interpretive error; many cases demonstrated overlapping reasons.ConclusionAbout one fifth of apparent false negative diagnoses for HGUC can be because of overdiagnosis of HGUC by surgical pathologists. If poor preservation or obscured samples are called nondiagnostic, the sensitivity/specificity of UC for HGUC can be as high as 94%/71%. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:994–999. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does increased forest protection correspond to higher fire severity in frequent‐fire forests of the western United States?
Authors: Bradley Curtis M. , Hanson Chad T. , DellaSala Dominick A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is a widespread view among land managers and others that the protected status of many forestlands in the western United States corresponds with higher fire severity levels due to historical restrictions on logging that contribute to greater amounts of biomass and fuel loading in less intensively managed areas, particularly after decades of fire suppression. This view has led to recent proposals—both administrative and legislative—to reduce or eliminate forest protections and increase some forms of logging based on the belief that restrictions on active management have increased fire severity. We investigated the relationship between protected status and fire severity using the Random Forests algorithm applied to 1500 fires affecting 9.5 million hectares between 1984 and 2014 in pine (Pinus ponderosa, Pinus jeffreyi) and mixed‐conifer forests of western United States, accounting for key topographic and climate variables. We found forests with higher levels of protection had lower severity values even though they are generally identified as having the highest overall levels of biomass and fuel loading. Our results suggest a need to reconsider current overly simplistic assumptions about the relationship between forest protection and fire severity in fire management and policy.
Influence of food subsidies on the foraging ecology of a synanthropic species in protected areas
Authors: West Elena H. , Henry William R. , Goldenberg William , Peery M. Zachariah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe expansion of many synanthropic species is linked to changes in the abundance and distribution of human‐derived foods, and understanding how food subsidies influence the foraging ecology of synanthropes can facilitate reducing impacts to rare species. We combined stable isotope analyses and radiotelemetry information to characterize space‐use and dietary patterns in Steller's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), a known nest predator of marbled murrelets, sampled at both campground and forest sites in California state parks. We classified jays into four groups based on patterns of space use: (1) campground (jays captured in campgrounds that predominantly used these areas), (2) periphery (jays captured in campgrounds that commonly used adjacent forests), (3) intermediate (jays captured at forest sites that made long‐distance movements between forests and campgrounds), and (4) forest (jays captured and only detected in forests). In the most heavily visited park, human foods comprised more than half of the diet of campground jays based on stable isotopes; moreover, campground jays consumed a greater proportion of human foods than periphery or intermediate jays, which both consumed more human foods than forest jays. Campground jays exhibited a functional response to human foods as park visitation increased, and breeding individuals preferentially provisioned their young with human‐derived foods. Based on space‐use patterns of intermediate jays, we estimated that the “ecological footprint” of campgrounds extended 2 km beyond their spatial footprint. Thus, the impacts of seemingly spatially constrained human recreational activities can have spillover effects on animal communities at relatively broad spatial scales within protected areas.
Methotrexate elimination and toxicity: MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism in patients with primary CNS lymphoma treated with high‐dose methotrexate
Authors: Choi Yun Jung , Park Hyangmin , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Ju‐Yeon , Kim Shin , Kim Tae Won , Park Jung Sun , Kim Jeong Eun , Yoon Dok Hyun , Suh Cheolwon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe genetic association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism with methotrexate (MTX)‐associated toxicity has been evaluated and conflicting results have been reported. The substantial heterogeneity of the studied population was suggested to be a possible explanation because ethnicity, MTX dose, coadministered chemotherapeutic agents, and folinate rescue dosage regimen could alter the MTX toxicity profile. The patient population was homogenized by limiting the cancer type to primary central nervous system lymphoma and chemotherapy protocol to a high‐dose MTX monotherapy regimen. A total of 111 patients with 402 chemotherapy courses were analyzed. MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was identified as an independent predictive marker for MTX‐associated hematologic toxicity (odds ratio, 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–5.09; P = .0055). Clinically significant nephrotoxicity occurred in patients without delayed elimination, suggesting roles for factors other than serum MTX levels. MTX‐induced hepatotoxicity and oral mucositis occurred independently of plasma MTX levels.
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE IN INFANT MENTAL HEALTH—A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Berg Astrid 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTReflective practice forms a pivotal part of mental health intervention in a setting where language and cultural differences require working together with a community counselor for language interpretation. Reflective practice in infant mental health began with Esther Bick's () infant observations and continued with Selma Fraiberg's () parent–infant psychotherapy. These two models formed the basis of the practice of infant mental health in a community in South Africa. A clinical example will highlight the importance of culturally informed observation that is then reflected upon. A qualitative study that examined the interaction among the participants in three clinical settings shows that a sustained partnership and tolerance for flexibility lie at the heart of good practice in intercultural settings. Object‐relations theory offers an additional, in‐depth understanding of the underlying psychic processes in reflective practice.