bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OTHR-17 MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF SELLAR, SUPRASELLAR, AND PARASELLAR MASSES IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: A SCOPING REVIEW AND PROPORTIONAL META-ANALYSIS OF 6584 MASSES
Authors: Takoutsing Berjo Dongmo , Egiz Abdullah , Dalle David Ulrich , Dada Olaoluwa Ezekiel , Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A , Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Gillespie Conor S , Tunde Olobatoke A , Yong Brian Ming Ou , Korch Moniba , Kesici Özgür , de Koning Rosaline , Khan Mehdi , Erhabor Joshua , Kotecha Jay , Bocco Alberic Fabrice Sewa , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To aggregate data on treatment modalities, management approaches, and clinical outcomes of sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar masses in LMICs.

METHODS
We conducted a scoping review as per the Arksey and O’Malley framework. MEDLINE, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and African Journals Online were searched and included articles between 2000 and 2021 screened against predefined eligibility criteria. Pooled statistics were calculated using measures of central tendency and spread. A proportional meta-analysis was conducted to pool the mortality rates.

RESULTS
Of the 3526 articles generated by the search strategy, 173 articles were included. The mean age was 35.5 ± 15 years, and most were females (56.47%). Sellar masses predominated (85%; 95% CI = 93.16–118.58), and the most commonly used neuroimaging modality to diagnose these masses was an MRI (65.31%). Surgical resection was mostly utilised with endoscopic surgery (78%; 95% CI = 17.29–154.96) predominating over microsurgery (22%; 95% CI = 11.51–47.73). The transsphenoidal approach was mostly used for both endoscopic surgery and microsurgery (92.13% vs 93.21%), and the extent of resection was gross total resection in most cases (n = 3611). Non-surgical management included hormonal therapies (n = 2080), chemotherapy (n = 96 patients), and radiosurgery (n = 357). New onset diabetes insipidus (34.27%), followed by postoperative infection (27.95%), were the most commonly reported postoperative complications. The pooled overall mortality rate was 8.1% (95% CI: 0.031–0.146).

CONCLUSION
Although MRIs are considered to be the gold standard means of diagnosis for these masses, their use in LMICs is less reported. Despite new minimally invasive treatment options, endoscopic surgery is commonly used in LMICs. These translates to the fact that more effort is required in the effective care of patients with these masses in LMICs.
PDOC-01 THERAPEUTIC DIFFICULTY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A RECURRENT CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA IN A CHILD: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CASE REPORT
Authors: DOSSOU Mèhomè Wilfried , KAKOU Medard , Puget Stéphanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Craniopharyngiomas are rare, benign epithelial tumors of embryonic origin in children that develop along the craniopharyngeal duct from Rathke’s pouch. The optimal treatment algorithm remains challenging. We report a child case of recurrent craniopharyngioma with therapeutic challenges.

CASE PRESENTATION
12-year-old patient, followed for a multi-operated type 2 craniopharyngioma (December 2017, November 2018, and April 2022), stroke on left sylvian stenosis with right hemiplegia in 2020 during proton therapy (52 Gray), thrombolysed with good recovery after rehabilitation, sequellar panhypopituitarism. He was seen in consultation for visual field deterioration. Clinical examination showed a conscious, coherent, obese patient with a deteriorating visual field. Ophthalmological examination showed visual acuity 10/10 with slight temporal visual field amputation on the left and monocular blindness on the right due to probable optic atrophy sequelae of the craniopharyngioma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed progression of the residual multicystic lesion in the sellar and left temporal regions, entering the sylvian valley and severely compressing the optic pathways. The tumor was removed under general anesthetic in a supine position, with release of the optic nerve, the carotid artery, and its division, and the left 3rd cranial nerve. The postoperative course is straightforward.

CONCLUSION
Morbidity and the assessment of sequelae are now at the forefront of the management of craniopharyngiomas. The current therapeutic approach should be reconsidered, in terms of the indications for surgery and the surgical protocol. This patient’s case is a typical example of the therapeutic difficulties involved in the management of craniopharyngiomas.
PDOC-04 MULTIDISCPLINARY APPROACH TO PEDIATRIC POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS, OUR CLINICAL EXPERIENCE: CASE SERIES
Authors: Mtei John , Rutabasibbwa Nicephorus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Paediatric brain tumor is second only to leukemia in this age group and more than 60% are located infratentorial. The first treatment option is surgical resection with aim of complete total resection, the proximity to fourth ventricle and CSF pathways make these children prone to develop obstructive hydrocephalus and multiple other complications related to pre and post operative. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy as adjuvant management is also important after surgery to selected cases. The aim of this case series was to review the demographic and clinical presentation of posterior fossa tumor children prior to definitive management, duration to adjuvant therapy after surgery and complications related to surgical management. This was a two-year retrospective review from March 2022 to march 2024, all paediatric less than 18 years of age with brain tumor admitted to our neurosurgery pediatric ward were selected. Late presentation to hospital was observed in most of the patients, obstructive hydrocephalus that warrant an emergent CSF diversion was noted in majority of the children. All cases require surgery were performed more than 5 days after admission to hospital, histological results report majority of the tumor to be pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma and ependymoma, all brain stem tumors on MRI image were not operated and were offered chemotherapy. Complications related to surgery include CSF leak, wound dehiscence and re occurrence of tumor were observed in more than 5 cases. Delayed chemotherapy and radiotherapy was also noted in this study. This single institution study concluded that a prospective study is important and a well-defined protocol at assessing novel ways and approaches of management, is required to all children with posterior fossa tumor, this will minimise the complications observed in this study.
PDOC-13 ACCESS TO CARE OF CHILD DIAGNOSED WITH PINEOBLASTOMA AND NURSING CHALLENGES TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS ARISE
Authors: Twala Ncediwe , Jefthas Claudine , Ngcwayi Lusanda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Patient Alu (not her real name) was 8 years old girl when diagnosed with Pineoblastoma causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Presented initial at Primary health care with headache,photophobia,lethargic and vomiting for two weeks. CT scan and MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging) were done on arrival to our care and revealed Pineal region tumour. Biopsy were done. Radiotherapy,surgery,chemotherapy including rehabilitation were planned by Multidisciplinary team. This case study focus on the access of care needs of this patient and the family with an emphasis on the Nurses challenges to address those needs. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for this Patient from June 2021 on the onset of presenting symptoms and initial admission in Redcross War Memorial Children’s Hospital at Cape Town South Africa up to March 2024 last admission in Hospital. Found that were levels of unmet needs some areas of difficulty are not discussed, some areas family feels difficult to explain or mention such as emotional burnout, language, cultural, spritual and schooling etc. In view of all this Nurses may focus on supporting families on discharge and during admission, working better relationship with Primary health care, appropriate referrals for counseling for coping mechanism. Financial constrains is still a major issue throughout.
PDOC-14 CASE SERIES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA TUMORS AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN A LOW RESOURCE SETTING: ZIMBABWE
Authors: Dube Tafadzwa Moreen , Kalangu Kazadi , Zimani Nathaniel , Dzowa Maximilian , Mupenyu Simbarashe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the management and challenges encountered in caring for patients with posterior cranial fossa tumors in Zimbabwean government central hospitals and their outcomes.

METHODS
Clinical and surgical records of six paediatric patients diagnosed with posterior cranial fossa tumors and managed at Parirenyatwa group of hospitals and Sally Mugabe Central Hospital over the past 8months were accessed from the hospital archives and utilized to fill in a previously created assessment tool.

RESULTS
Six cases of posterior fossa tumors were analysed. The ages ranged from 2 to 12 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1. None of the patients underwent standard emergency posterior fossa tumor excision. All of the patients initially had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted for active hydrocephalus due to the unavailability of theatre time, surgical sundries, ICU beds, and blood products. A single patient deceased after developing a complication of upward herniation whilst four patients proceeded to have uneventful excisions of posterior fossa tumors. For the cases that had surgical tumor excision, an average waiting period of 2 weeks was observed between ventriculoperitoneal shunting and surgical excision. One patient was lost to follow-up after shunting.

CONCLUSION
There are delays in emergency neuro-oncological service delivery in Zimbabwe leading to delayed excision of posterior fossa tumors. These delays have been bridged by CSF diversion through the placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts while awaiting definitive surgery. Despite these challenges and delays, the outcomes are generally satisfactory.
SPIN-04 PAEDIATRIC SPINAL HEMANGIOMA PRESENTING WITH MYELOPATHY – HELPING A CHILD TO WALK AGAIN
Authors: Mutama Brighton , Kalangu Professor Kazadi , Jokonya Luxwell , Dzowa Maximillan , Zimani Nathaniel , Madondoro Killion , Mupenyu Simbarashe , Mapfumo Shelton 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To highlight the adaptations in management of spinal tumour patients with available resources. To emphasize on the importance of neurorehabilitation post spinal tumour surgery.

INTRODUCTION
Vertebral/Spinal hemangiomas are benign lesions and often asymptomatic. They are more common in the thoracic spine where they may become symptomatic with varying presentations. Only a small percentage of these tumours are symptomatic, and this can be attributed to several factors which include epidural expansion of tumour tissue, expansion of bony elements, compression by vessels feeding or draining the lesion or rarely by compression fracture of the vertebra. CASE: This is a case of an 11-year-old girl who was managed at Parirenyatwa hospital. She had presented with a 2-month history of progressive backache associated with paraparesis and numbness in the legs. Had normal bowel and bladder control. No history of trauma or other comorbidities such as Tuberculosis, HIV, or known malignancies. An MRI done revealed a contrast enhancing extradural compressive mass at the level of T5, also involving parts of T5 vertebral body.

RESULTS
The patient was taken to theatre for thoracic spine decompression and biopsy, without instrumentation. Histology revealed that the lesion was a hemangioma. Patient recovered well over 2months on a corset and physiotherapy, 4 months later she was able to mobilise by herself and to run around.

CONCLUSION
The main stay of treating symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas remains surgery, with or without instrumentation. It is often rewarding though may be challenging to both the patient and the surgeon even in the best of centers. As exemplified by this case, we have managed to yield a satisfying outcome in the face of ‘adaptive’ measures. Neurorehabilitation enhanced the chances for the child to be able to walk again.
2′-Fluorinated nucleoside chemistry for new drug discovery: achievements and prospects
Authors: Meng Yonggang , Sun Nannan , Liang Lan , Yu Bin , Chang Junbiao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Fluorinated nucleosides are an important class of modified nucleosides that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for treating various human diseases, especially viral infections and cancer. Many fluorinated nucleosides have advanced into clinical trials or have been approved by the FDA for use in patients. Among these fluorinated nucleosides, azvudine, developed by us, has been officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus, indicating the therapeutic promise of fluorinated nucleosides. In view of the therapeutic promise of fluorinated nucleosides for antiviral and anticancer therapy, in this Review we will provide a comprehensive overview of well-established 2′-fluorinated nucleosides approved for use in the market or those in clinical stages for antiviral and antitumor therapies, highlighting the drug discovery strategies, structure-activity relationship studies, mechanisms of action, and preclinical/clinical studies and also discuss the challenges and future directions for nucleoside-based new drug discovery.
Students’ use of virtual learning environment resources and their impact on student performance in an econometrics module
Authors: Barile Lory , Elliott Caroline , McCann Michael , Pantea Zaharia Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We examine the relationship between students’ engagement with a range of virtual learning environment resources and their module performance, focusing on a relatively large second year undergraduate econometrics module. The analysis offers a useful contribution to the literature on the relationship between virtual learning environment engagement and student performance through consideration of a broader range of virtual learning environment resources than is typically considered in analyses to date, also through using a wider range of control variables. The setting for the analysis is also of interest as data relate to the 2020/2021 academic year in which there was a greater onus on the provision of online learning resources. Further, while much literature considers student performance on economics principles modules, there is much less literature focusing on econometrics module performance. Results suggest that there are different relationships between virtual learning environment engagement and student performance, depending on the virtual learning environment resources under consideration. Generally, engagement with virtual learning environment resources that encourage more active learning is associated with better student module performance. Similarly, engagement with online formative assessments with immediate feedback is associated with student module success.
Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in children: an experience from Eastern India
Authors: Jana Jadab Kumar , Mandal Anusree Krishna , Pati Sourav , Gayen Soumya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis (STME) is an uncommon but fatal complication of scrub typhus that requires extra diligence in early identification and treatment. The goal of this study was to look at the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and outcome of STME in children. A retrospective study was conducted in the paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India between April 2021 and September 2022. It was carried out in children aged 1 month–12 years. Sixteen children were diagnosed with STME out of 75 acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1, with a mean age of 4.28 ± 3.36 years. All the children hailed from rural areas. Fever (100%), convulsions (87.5), altered sensorium (93.75%), nuchal stiffness (25%), vomiting (75%), pallor (75%), and hepatomegaly (50%) were the most prevalent clinical manifestations. The average duration of fever upon presentation was 8.25 ± 2.11 days and the average length of hospital stay was 9.00 ± 4.59 days. The complications encountered were shock (3), interstitial pneumonia (1), myocarditis (1), raised intracranial pressure (1), and right-sided hemiplegia (1). Fifteen children recovered completely, whereas one child suffered from residual right-sided neurodeficit. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained for STME as a possible AES entity, as anti-scrub measures administered promptly can go a long way in mitigating the related morbidity and mortality especially in resource-constrained settings.
Interleukin-1 Blockade With RPH-104 (Goflikicept) in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Secondary End Points From an International, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2a Study
Authors: Abbate Antonio , Van Tassell Benjamin , Bogin Vlad , Markley Roshanak , Pevzner Dmitry V. , Cremer Paul C. , Meray Imad A. , Privalov Dmitry V. , Taylor Angela , Grishin Sergey A. , Egorova Alina N. , Ponomar Ekaterina G. , Lavrovsky Yan , Samsonov Mikhail Yu. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), goflikicept, an interleukin-1 blocker, significantly reduced systemic inflammation, measured as the area under the curve (AUC) for high-sensitivity C reactive protein at 14 days. We report secondary analyses of biomarkers at 28 days, and cardiac function and clinical end points at 1 year. Patients received a single administration of goflikicept 80 mg (n = 34), goflikicept 160 mg (n = 34), or placebo (n = 34). Both doses of goflikicept significantly reduced the AUC for high-sensitivity C reactive protein at 28 days compared with placebo, without statistically significant differences between the doses. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the AUC for natriuretic peptides at 28 days. There were no significant differences between placebo, goflikicept 80 mg, and 160 mg groups in deaths (2.9%, 2.9%, and 0%), hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons (9.1%, 5.9%, and 0%), new-onset or progression of heart failure (9.1%, 5.9%, and 5.9%), and new or increased use of loop diuretics (24.2%, 14.7%, and 17.6%), nor in the number of patients with treatment emergent adverse events, with no treatment-related serious adverse events in any group. In conclusion, in patients with STEMI, interleukin-1 blockade with goflikicept 80 mg or 160 mg was well tolerated and associated with significant reduction of systemic inflammation. Further adequately powered studies are warranted to determine whether the reduction in systemic inflammation with goflikicept translates into a clinical benefit in patients with STEMI.
Use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors for Ocular Surface Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gemae Mohamed R. , Patil Nikhil S. , Yu Caberry W. , Agarwal Manokamna , Slomovic Allan R. , Chan Clara C. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Ocular surface disorders (OSDs) can severely affect vision and quality of life. Autologous blood products, such as plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), are recently available to treat OSDs refractory to traditional therapies. This review aims to summarize the efficacy and safety of PRGF in OSDs.

Methods:
This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The protocol was established a priori and published on PROSPERO (CRD42024522119). MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for primary articles until February 6, 2024. Primary outcomes included slit-lamp examination findings and patient-reported outcomes. Secondary outcomes included visual outcomes and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and ROBINS-I tools.

Results:
Twenty-two studies involving 1158 eyes were included. PRGF showed notable improvement in objective and subjective outcomes in OSDs. Comparative studies did not show PRGF to be superior to a standard steroid taper for dry eye disease. However, the use of PRGF was also reported in persistent epithelial defects and corneal ulcerations. In these conditions, there were high rates of complete healing and reduced corneal staining. PRGF has also been reported to improve ocular surface healing and stability when used as an adjunct to refractive and pterygium surgeries. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:
PRGF has potential as an effective treatment of OSDs resistant to traditional therapies with minimal safety concerns. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to better evaluate the role of PRGF within the treatment armamentarium for corneal pathologies.
Care trajectories for musculoskeletal disorders following a new episode of low back pain
Authors: Dagenais Pierre , Courteau Mireille , Courteau Josiane , Martel Gilles , Vanasse Alain 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explored diverse care trajectories (CTs) for low back pain (LBP) and other musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), over a 5-year period following a first episode of LBP. Based on Quebec's administrative health data from 2007 to 2011, this longitudinal cohort study involved 12,608 adults seeking health care for LBP. Using a new multidimensional state sequence analysis, we identified 6 distinct types of CTs. The most prevalent types 1, 2, and 3 (comprising 79.2%, 18.0%, and 21.7% of the cohort, respectively) exhibit rapid recovery and similar patterns of healthcare use over 5 years but differing in initial diagnoses: nonspecific LBP in type 1, trauma-related LBP in type 2 (mostly younger men and highest initial emergency consultation), and specific LBP in type 3. Types 4 to 6, representing smaller groups, show high healthcare utilization with comparable mixed LBP diagnoses at entry but distinctive subsequent care use patterns. Patients in types 4 and 6 (mainly older age groups and women) sought care for other MSDs from general practitioners or specialists, while middle-aged patients in type 5 experienced persistent nonspecific LBP with frequent general practitioner consultations over 5 years. The CTs typology revealed several key areas for improvement in nonpharmacological interventions, including the need to address possible inappropriate medical imaging and invasive interventions for older women with MSDs and the lack of ambulatory care access for younger patients with trauma-related LBP. Finally, results clearly highlighted poor access to rehabilitation physicians and rehabilitation services for all patients suffering from LBP and MSDs.