bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postradiotherapy Prosthetic Management of Mandible Reconstructed With Fibular Graft
Authors: Kharade Pankaj , Dholam Kanchan , Bhirangi Pravin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Intraoral defects secondary to resection of mandible leading to mandibular discontinuity are very complicated to treat as the muscles exert forces on the residual portion of the mandible. Primarily this leads to disfigurement of the face. These forces also make mastication difficult due to imbalance. Ultimately it leads to poor quality of life for the patient. Apart from that the clinical outcome and prognosis of prosthetic rehabilitation of such patients is very poor. The composite fibular flap is the preferred donor site for reconstruction of most complex orofacial-mandibular defects. The addition of a skin island allows for absolute tension-free intraoral closure that enhances tongue mobility. After reconstruction with free fibula graft, planning for prosthodontic rehabilitation by various methods can be carried out. Treatment strategy is dependent on the intraoral situation and patient's acceptance. This article reports various treatment considerations for implant retained prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient who had undergone mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap.
Secondary Maxillary and Orbital Floor Reconstruction With a Free Scapular Flap Using Cutting and Fixation Guides Created by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing
Authors: Morita Daiki , Numajiri Toshiaki , Tsujiko Shoko , Nakamura Hiroko , Yamochi Ryo , Sowa Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) guides are now widely used in maxillofacial reconstruction. However, there are few reports of CAD/CAM guides being used for scapular flaps. The authors performed the secondary maxillary and orbital floor reconstruction using a free latissimus dorsi muscle, cutaneous tissue, and scapular flap designed using CAD/CAM techniques in a 72-year-old man who had undergone partial maxillectomy four years previously. The patient had diplopia, the vertical dystopia of eye position, and a large oral-nasal-cutaneous fistula. After the operation, the authors confirmed that the deviation between the postoperative and preoperative planning three-dimensional images was less than 2 mm. Because scapular guides require 3 cutting surfaces, the shape of the scapular guide is more complex than that of a conventional fibular guide. In orbital floor reconstruction, the use of a CAM technique such as that used to manufacture the authors’ fixation guide is as necessary for accurate, safe, and easy reconstruction as is preoperative CAD planning. The production of a fixation guide as well as a cutting guide is particularly useful because it is difficult to determine the angle for reconstructing the orbital floor by freehand techniques. In this case, the orbital floor was reconstructed based on a mirror image of the healthy side to avoid overcompression of the orbital tissue. Although the patient's vertical dystopia of eye position was improved, diplopia was not improved because, for greater safety, the authors did not plan overcorrection of the orbital volume.
Intraoral Observation of the Mentalis and Incisivus Labii Inferioris Muscles
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , He Puhan , Watanabe Koichi , Kamura Yasuhiko , Oskouian Rod J. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The mentalis (MT) and the incisivus labii inferioris (ILI), which are accessory muscles of the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle, form an intertwined and three-dimensionally related complex. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the MT, ILI, and OO muscles via intraoral dissection. Twenty-two sides from 11 fresh adult Caucasian cadaveric heads were used, and the MT, ILI, and OO dissected under the surgical microscope. Next, measurements of the bony attachment were carried out on another 12 sides. The fibers of the MT were separated into 2 parts: a superior and an inferior part with the former coursing anteromedially and joining the inferior part of the OO. The latter coursed anteroinferiorly to the skin of the chin. The ILI traveled anterolaterally and joined the inferior part of the OO. Inferior labial branches of the mental nerves ran on the OO. There was a significant difference (P = 0.0001) between specimens that were edentulous or had severe periodontitis with regard to the distance from the alveolar ridge to the upper side of the quadrangle when compared with specimens with mild periodontitis. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between specimens that were edentulous or had severe periodontitis specimens with mild periodontitis with regard to the distance from the inferior border of the mandible to the lower side of the quadrangle. We believe that the observations of this study could help surgeons better understand the anatomy of the chin and minimize complications following surgical and other invasive procedures in this area.
X-chromosome dosage as a modulator of pluripotency, signalling and differentiation?
Authors: Schulz Edda G. 
Published: September 2017

Already during early embryogenesis, before sex-specific hormone production is initiated, sex differences in embryonic development have been observed in several mammalian species. Typically, female embryos develop more slowly than their male siblings. A similar phenotype has recently been described in differentiating murine embryonic stem cells, where a double dose of the X-chromosome halts differentiation until dosage-compensation has been achieved through X-chromosome inactivation. On the molecular level, several processes associated with early differentiation of embryonic stem cells have been found to be affected by X-chromosome dosage, such as the transcriptional state of the pluripotency network, the activity pattern of several signal transduction pathways and global levels of DNA-methylation. This review provides an overview of the sex differences described in embryonic stem cells from mice and discusses a series of X-linked genes that are associated with pluripotency, signalling and differentiation and their potential involvement in mediating the observed X-dosage–dependent effects.This article is part of the themed issue ‘X-chromosome inactivation: a tribute to Mary Lyon’.
Phylogenetic comparative methods on phylogenetic networks with reticulations
Authors: Bastide Paul , Solís-Lemus Claudia , Kriebel Ricardo , Sparks K. William , Ané Cécile 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe goal of Phylogenetic Comparative Methods (PCMs) is to study the distribution of quantitative traits among related species. The observed traits are often seen as the result of a Brownian Motion (BM) along the branches of a phylogenetic tree. Reticulation events such as hybridization, gene flow or horizontal gene transfer, can substantially affect a species’ traits, but are not modeled by a tree.Phylogenetic networkshave been designed to represent reticulate evolution. As they become available for downstream analyses, new models of trait evolution are needed, applicable to networks. One natural extension of the BM is to use a weighted average model for the trait of a hybrid, at a reticulation point. We develop here an efficient recursive algorithm to compute the phylogenetic variance matrix of a trait on a network, in only one preorder traversal of the network. We then extend the standard PCM tools to this new framework, including phylogenetic regression with covariates (or phylogenetic ANOVA), ancestral trait reconstruction, and Pagel’s λ test of phylogenetic signal. The trait of a hybrid is sometimes outside of the range of its two parents, for instance because of hybrid vigor or hybrid depression. These two phenomena are rather commonly observed in present-day hybrids. Transgressive evolution can be modeled as a shift in the trait value following a reticulation point. We develop a general framework to handle such shifts, and take advantage of the phylogenetic regression view of the problem to design statistical tests for ancestral transgressive evolution in the evolutionary history of a group of species. We study the power of these tests in several scenarios, and show that recent events have indeed the strongest impact on the trait distribution of present-day taxa. We apply those methods to a dataset ofXiphophorusfishes, to confirm and complete previous analysis in this group. All the methods developed here are available in theJuliapackagePhyloNetworks.
Interactions between immunotoxicants and parasite stress: implications for host health
Authors: Booton Ross D. , Yamaguchi Ryo , Marshall James A. R. , Childs Dylan Z. , Iwasa Yoh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany organisms face a wide variety of biotic and abiotic stressors which reduce individual survival, interacting synergistically to further reduce fitness. Here we studied the effects of two such synergistically interacting stressors; immunotoxicant exposure and parasite infection. We model the dynamics of a within-host infection and the associated immune response of an individual. We consider both the indirect sub-lethal effects on immunosuppression and the direct effects on health and mortality of individuals exposed to toxicants. We demonstrate that sub-lethal exposure to toxicants can promote infection through the suppression of the immune system. This happens through the depletion of the immune response which causes rapid proliferation in parasite load. In addition, high toxicant exposure can alter cellular regulation and cause the breakdown of normal healthy tissue, from which we infer higher mortality risk of the host. We classify this breakdown into three phases of increasing toxicant stress, and demonstrate the range of conditions under which toxicant exposure causes failure at the within-host level. These phases are determined by the relationship between the immunity status, overall cellular health and the level of toxicant exposure. We discuss the implications of our model in the context of individual honey bee health. Our model provides an assessment of how pesticide stress and infection interact to cause the synergistic breakdown of the within-host dynamics of individual honey bees.
Insights into cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation utilising in vivo mural cell imaging and mathematical modelling
Authors: Sweeney Paul W. , Walker-Samuel Simon , Shipley Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe neurovascular mechanisms underpinning the local regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen transport remain elusive. In this study we have combined novel in vivo imaging of cortical microvascular and mural cell architecture with mathematical modelling of blood flow and oxygen transport, to provide new insights into CBF regulation that would be inaccessible in a conventional experimental context. Our study implicates vasomotion of smooth muscle actin-covered vessels, rather than pericyte-covered capillaries, as the main mechanism for modulating tissue oxygenation. We also resolve seemingly paradoxical observations in the literature around reduced blood velocity in response to arteriolar constrictions and deduce the cause to be propagation of constrictions to upstream penetrating arterioles. We provide support for pericytes acting as signalling conduits for upstream smooth muscle activation, and erythrocyte deformation as a complementary regulatory mechanism. Finally, we caution against the use of blood velocity as a proxy measurement for flow. Our combined imaging-modelling platform complements conventional experimentation allowing cerebrovascular physiology to be probed in unprecedented detail.
Reconciling activity-based descriptions of competence with professional work
Authors: Lester Stan 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the problems of applying competence standards to professional-level work, noting limitations in functional approaches and drawing on developments in professions and on a recent Erasmus+ project to propose a more adequate alternative.Design/methodology/approachAn approach to describing competence based on previously reported developments in some self-governing, principally British professions was used to inform an Erasmus+ project that created competence standards for five higher-level occupations in different European countries.FindingsThe original developments in professions and further work through the project both endorse a model of competence that is based on standards of practice, applies holistically to professional or occupational fields rather than focusing on work roles and functions, respects contextual factors in defining competent action, and necessitates situational interpretation and judgement.Practical implicationsDescriptions of professional competence need to avoid being overly constrained by assumptions about the roles that practitioners might perform or the context in which practice takes place. They need to reflect the ethos and ethics of the field as well as more transversal aspects of professionalism. Descriptions of this type are likely to reflect factors that are also valued in higher education.Originality/valueThe model of competence that is proposed appears to have a good level of validity for high-level professional work, and provides an approach to describing practice that is not limited to particular national contexts.
Work-integrated learning (WIL) in information technology
Authors: Jones Faye R. , Mardis Marcia A. , McClure Charles R. , Ma Jinxuan , Ambavarapu Chandrahasa , Spears Laura I. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze 86 information technology (IT) internship postings to discern the extent to which the intended outcomes matched professional standards for four-year IT programs.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers text mined specified skills from 86 internship postings and compared them to the competencies outlined in the ACM/IEEE Body of Knowledge.

Findings
Results indicated that students can expect to gain experience and exposure to both technical and general competencies. Though research and policy relating to technical fields have emphasized professional competencies such as teamwork, communication, and professionalism, this analysis suggested that the internship postings greatly emphasized technical skills at the expense of general competencies.

Research limitations/implications
The most frequently occurring competencies suggest future research opportunities for considering contextual factors of internship sites. The researchers conclude with implications for using text mining as a tool for comparing internship intent vs outcomes as well as suggestions for policies, standards, and curricula worthy of further exploration.

Originality/value
Employers, educators, and professionals agree that internships offer a promising means to link course content and practical workplace skills, especially in technical fields like IT. However, less clear are the ingredients of effective IT internships.
Antecedents and consequences of experiential versus utilitarian consumption in the travel context
Authors: Wei Wei , Tasci Asli D.A. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeAlthough experiential consumption has received some attention from tourism and hospitality researchers in the past decade, the profile of experiential consumers has not been discussed thus far. The purpose of this paper is thus twofold: to test the sociodemographic antecedents of experiential versus utilitarian consumption for profiling purposes and to examine the potential behavioral consequences of experiential versus utilitarian consumption tendencies.Design/methodology/approachOn an online research platform, 413 respondents answered questions concerning logic-based/emotion-based decision-making traits, as well as sociodemographic characteristics and several travel behavior variables.FindingsData revealed that emotion-based decision makers are more likely to be females, who are more passionate about their travel needs than are logic-based decision makers. Results also revealed that the importance that emotion-based decision makers place on travel preferences, potential travel risks and travel information sources is higher than that of their logic-based counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study used one personality trait, emotion-based decision-making, as a proxy for experiential consumption. There are other potentially explanatory traits that should be investigated in future studies.Practical implicationsDestination marketing organizations (DMOs) promoting destinations with historical and cultural attractions can capitalize on the finding that these attractions are highly demanded by both types of decision makers, whereas DMOs of man-made attraction destinations may need to find ways to embellish the significance of these attractions for both types of decision makers.Social implicationsEven though social risk was the lowest-rated item in general, both decision-making traits were highly correlated with social risk. The higher the tendency in the decision-making style, either logic-based or emotion-based, the more important how a trip would make them look within their social circle. Social risk concerns for both types of decision makers should be addressed in marketing messages.Originality/valueThe current study represents one of the earliest attempts to draw a picture of experiential consumers in comparison with utilitarian consumers in sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics.
Sexualisation and harassment in hospitality workplaces: who is responsible?
Authors: Waudby Beth , Poulston Jill 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine employee responses to sexual behaviour in hospitality workplaces, to determine their roles and responsibilities in harassment prevention.

Design
Female workers in restaurants and bars were recruited using the snowball technique, and data collected through 18 interviews. An interpretivist approach was used to guide the data collection and analysis.

Findings
The study found that harassment coping strategies developed with age and experience rather than through training, and those who dressed and behaved provocatively attracted more unwanted sexual attention.

Practical implications
Recommendations focus on the role of managers in moderating employee behaviour and providing training in assertiveness.

Social implications
Industry norms and perceptions about managers’ expectations are considered strong influences on employee behaviour, and therefore, in attracting harassment.

Originality
Although this study locates the responsibility for stopping harassment with management, it takes an unusual and potentially unpalatable approach by acknowledging the role of victims in stopping unwanted sexual advances, providing new approaches to reducing harassment.
Supply chain flexibility
Authors: Manders Jorieke H.M. , Caniëls Marjolein C.J. , Ghijsen Paul W.Th. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe conceptualization of flexibility in organizations historically emerged from three views which relate to economic, to organizational and to manufacturing perspectives. Despite the growing number of publications about supply chain flexibility in the area of supply chain management, there is a lack of consensus on how to define and to conceptualize supply chain flexibility from a management point of view. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the literature on the supply chain flexibility perspective and contributes to our understanding of the current state of research and its future development.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology used is the systematic literature review. In total 92 articles were selected from databases of well-known journal publishers in the field of economics, business studies and management sciences as well as grey literature to cover the topic of supply chain flexibility.FindingsA limited number of studies in the field of supply chain flexibility apply theories and define the term supply chain flexibility. Instead they focus on a particular part or dimension of the supply chain. Based on the analysis, a distinction is made between flexibility in the supply chain and supply chain flexibility. Based on the function and characteristics of the supply chain, the authors selected 30 flexibility dimensions that cover supply chain flexibility by concentrating on the different business areas involved.Research limitations/implicationsThe results support researchers and practitioners by identifying relevant trends and gaps in the field of supply chain flexibility.Originality/valueThe authors review the dimensions and aspects of supply chain flexibility that are currently taken into account in the literature. In this way, the authors provide an overarching perspective on the flexibility literature relating to supply chains.
Exploring the effects of workforce level on supply chain job satisfaction and industry commitment
Authors: Maloni Michael J. , Campbell Stacy M. , Gligor David M. , Scherrer Christina R. , Boyd Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeDespite a pervasive workforce shortage, existing research has provided limited guidance about job satisfaction and commitment of the supply chain workforce. Moreover, few studies explore the effects of workforce level on such satisfaction and commitment. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachTo address this gap, the authors apply person-organization fit theory to study the critical work value drivers of supply chain job satisfaction and industry commitment across workforce levels through structural modeling of practitioner survey data.FindingsJob satisfaction and industry commitment are impacted differently across workforce levels, particularly for executives, suggesting the potential for conflicts in the workplace and that a “one size fits all” approach for recruitment and retention will be ineffective.Practical implicationsThe results reveal how proactive organizations can not only hire and retain the best people but also help employees at different workforce levels understand one another’s motivations, empowering these organizations to become employers of choice.Originality/valueThis study is among the first empirical papers to directly address the labor shortage in supply chain. It also strikes new ground by assessing differences in work values across workforce levels.