bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The location of pain and urgency sensations during cystometry
Authors: Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Cartwright Rufus , Esmail Alisha , Digesu G. Alessandro , Fernando Ruwan , Khullar Vikram 
Published: February 2016

AimsThe relationship between bladder pain and urinary urgency sensations is poorly understood. We analyzed the relationship between locations and intensities of urgency and pain sensations felt during filling cystometry.MethodsParticipants completed the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) to indicate presence of bladder pain or urgency. During cystometry, participants scored the intensity of urgency and pain, both in the suprapubic and the urethral region, on a VAS scale of 0–10 at a baseline, at first desire, normal desire, strong desire to void, and at maximum cystometric capacity during filling. We allocated the participants to six groups; those reporting urgency or not, pain or not, both symptoms and neither. Friedman's Test was used to ascertain if all scores increased significantly, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to demonstrate the difference between scores, and agreement for findings during cystometry was tested with Mann–Whitney U.ResultsA total of 68 women participated; 38 participants reported pain, 57 reported urgency, and 33 reported both symptoms. Pain and urgency scores significantly increased during cystometry (P < 0.0001). For participants reporting pain, suprapubic pain was rated significantly higher than urethral pain. Participants reporting both symptoms, felt more urgency than pain, and again pain more suprapubically than urethrally. Participants reporting only urgency scored suprapubic and urethral urgency similarly at all desires.ConclusionsPain and urgency are well differentiated sensations and are felt at different locations although pain is seemingly easier localized. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:620–625, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical significance of prospectively assigned Gleason tertiary pattern 4 in contemporary Gleason score 3+3=6 prostate cancer
Authors: Doshi Chirag , Vacchio Michael , Attwood Kristopher , Murekeyisoni Christine , Mehedint Diana C. , Badkhshan Shervin , Azabdaftari Gissou , Sule Norbert , Guru Khurshid A. , Mohler James L. , Kauffman Eric C. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine the oncologic impact of prospectively assigned tertiary pattern 4 in contemporary Gleason score (GS) 3 + 3 = 6 radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.PATIENTS AND METHODSOncologic outcomes were retrospectively reviewed for 720 consecutive patients from a single National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) center with at least 6 months follow‐up after RP for GS3 + 3 = 6 (GS6, N = 222), GS6 with tertiary pattern 4 (GS6t4, N = 62), or GS3 + 4 = 7 (N = 436) prostate cancer, as prospectively graded since 2006 using the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathologists criteria. Preoperative NCCN risk category, RP pathology, progression‐free survival (PFS) and metastasis‐free survival (MFS) were compared among the GS6, GS6t4, and GS3 + 4 = 7 groups using χ2, Kaplan–Meier, and log‐rank analyses.RESULTSThe incidence of low NCCN preoperative risk classification for GS6t4 patients (63%) was less than that for GS6 patients (77%) while greater than that for GS3 + 4 = 7 patients (30%, P < 0.001). GS6t4 patients had RP pathologic features which were intermediate in risk between that of GS6 and GS3 + 4 = 7 based on extraprostatic extension (27% vs. 6% vs. 31%, respectively, P < 0.001) and mean percentage of prostate gland involvement (13% vs. 10% vs. 16%, respectively, P < 0.001). With a mean overall follow‐up of 42 months, PFS for GS6t4 patients (5‐year 85%) was intermediate between that of GS6 (5‐year 93%) and GS3 + 4 = 7 (5‐year 76%) patients (P < 0.001). The 5‐year MFS rate was 100% for GS6 and GS6t4 patients compared to 97% for GS3 + 4 = 7 patients (P = 0.07).CONCLUSIONSThis study provides the longest follow‐up to date for RP patients with prospectively assigned GS6t4 and supports a risk for adverse RP pathology and postoperative disease progression that is intermediate between GS6 and GS3 + 4 = 7. Whether a tertiary pattern 4 in GS6 disease increases the risk of metastasis is uncertain and requires longer term study. Given favorable oncologic outcomes, less stringent postoperative surveillance for both GS6 and GS6t4 patients may be warranted. Prostate 76:715–721, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative cytotoxic potencies and cell death mechanisms of α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists in prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Forbes Amanda , Anoopkumar‐Dukie Shailendra , Chess‐Williams Russ , McDermott Catherine 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDSome α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists possess anti‐cancer actions that are independent of α1‐adrenoceptors and the aim of these studies was to assess the relative cytotoxic potencies of α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists and the mechanisms involved in these actions.METHODSPC‐3 and LNCap human prostate cancer cells were exposed to α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists (0.01–100 μM) and cell survival assessed after 24–72 hr. The levels of apoptosis, autophagy and stress related proteins were also determined.RESULTSThe relative cytotoxic potency order was prazosin = doxazosin > terazosin = silodosin = alfuzosin > tamsulosin on both cell types, but LNCaP cells were significantly more sensitive to these effects than PC‐3 cells. Prazosin and doxazosin increased levels of apoptotsis and autophagy in both cell lines, and activated EphA2 receptors in PC‐3 cells. Autophagy contributed to survival of LNCaP, but promoted cell death in PC‐3 cells. Treatment with prazosin (30 μM) altered the expression of several cell stress‐related proteins: elevating phospho‐p38α and reducing S6 kinase in both cell lines. Surprisingly some proteins were differentially affected in the two prostate cancer cell lines: Akt and p27 increasing and HIF‐1α decreasing in LNCap cells but not PC‐3, while ADAMTS1 was increased in PC‐3 cells only.CONCLUSIONSPrazosin and doxazosin demonstrated cytotoxic actions on both castration‐resistant PC‐3 and androgen‐sensitive LNCap prostate cancer cells. The mechanisms involved included changes in a number of proliferation and apoptosis regulatory proteins. The role of autophagy depended on the cell type, but contributed to cell death in PC3 cells. Prostate 76:757–766, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of the AXH domain of Ataxin‐1 using enhanced sampling and functional mode analysis
Authors: Deriu Marco A. , Grasso Gianvito , Tuszynski Jack A. , Massai Diana , Gallo Diego , Morbiducci Umberto , Danani Andrea 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAtaxin‐1 is the protein responsible for the Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, an incurable neurodegenerative disease caused by polyglutamine expansion. The AXH domain plays a pivotal role in physiological functions of Ataxin‐1. In Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, the AXH domain is involved in the misfolding and aggregation pathway. Here molecular modeling is applied to investigate the protein‐protein interactions contributing to the AXH dimer stability. Particular attention is focused on: (i) the characterization of AXH monomer‐monomer interface; (ii) the molecular description of the AXH monomer‐monomer interaction dynamics. Technically, an approach based on functional mode analysis, here applied to replica exchange molecular dynamics trajectories, was employed. The findings of this study are consistent with previous experimental results and elucidate the pivotal role of the I580 residue in mediating the AXH monomer‐monomer interaction dynamics. Proteins 2016; 84:666–673. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cobalt–nickel material libraries obtained from electrodeposition using citrate or glycine as additives
Authors: Grill Carina Daniela , Pötzelberger Isabella , Kollender Jan Philipp , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAbstractauthoren Fabrication of cobalt–nickel material libraries was performed by electrodeposition in a modified 3D‐printed Hull cell using sulfate‐based electrolyte baths containing trisodium citrate or glycine as additives. A transition from anomalous to normal co‐deposition behavior was observed for different overall applied current densities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed needle‐shaped crystallites on the sample obtained from citrate solution and a nodular surface morphology for the material library from glycine solution. Non‐enzymatic glucose sensing was carried out by flow‐type scanning droplet cell microscopy (FT‐SDCM) to investigate the electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation.Cobalt–nickel material library fabricated by electrodeposition in the presence of trisodium citrate or glycine as additives using a modified 3D‐printed Hull cell.
Testing properties of functions on finite groups
Authors: Oono Kenta , Yoshida Yuichi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe study testing properties of functions on finite groups. First we consider functions of the form , where G is a finite group. We show that conjugate invariance, homomorphism, and the property of being proportional to an irreducible character is testable with a constant number of queries to f, where a character is a crucial notion in representation theory. Our proof relies on representation theory and harmonic analysis on finite groups. Next we consider functions of the form , where d is a fixed constant and is the family of d by d matrices with each element in . For a function , we show that the unitary isomorphism to g is testable with a constant number of queries to f, where we say that f and g are unitary isomorphic if there exists a unitary matrix U such that for any . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 579–598, 2016
Climate change governance: history, future, and triple‐loop learning?
Authors: Gupta Joyeeta 
Published: February 2016

The international climate change regime started out very constructively, but although there has been progress over the last 25 years, this progress falls short of what is needed to address the climate change problem. This paper presents the regime evolution in terms of the concept of single‐, double‐, and triple‐loop learning, and its relationship with participatory processes and trust, emphasizing the more recent developments and prospects for the future. It argues that in the first stage of the regime, the problem was seen as structured (high scientific and normative consensus), defined as a technological problem and the focus was on improving the routines within the climate change negotiations. In the second stage, the problem was seen as moderately structured (with creeping doubts about the science and norms needed to deal with the problem) and defined as a political problem requiring double‐loop learning that questioned the underlying assumptions. In the third stage, the problem is seen as unstructured (where climate skeptics help shape political discourses on climate science and there is breakdown in normative consensus), as the problem is seen more as an ideological, systemic one requiring complex triple‐loop learning (unlearning, transformative learning) in the context of mutual distrust. The issue is whether in this stage we will be able to combine bottom‐up initiatives with top‐down legally binding goals, Northern and Southern perspectives, to create a global consensus on the need to restructure society such that the problem can once more be seen as structured and manageable.WIREs Clim Change2016, 7:192–210. doi: 10.1002/wcc.388This article is categorized under:Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
Chaos in classical D0-brane mechanics
Authors: Gur-Ari Guy , Hanada Masanori , Shenker Stephen H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe study chaos in the classical limit of the matrix quantum mechanical system describing D0-brane dynamics. We determine a precise value of the largest Lyapunov exponent, and, with less precision, calculate the entire spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. We verify that these approach a smooth limit asN→ ∞. We show that a classical analog of scrambling occurs with fast scrambling scaling,t∗∼ logS. These results confirm thek-locality property of matrix mechanics discussed by Sekino and Susskind.
Toads in the backyard: why do invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) prefer buildings to bushland?
Authors: González‐Bernal Edna , Greenlees Matthew J. , Brown Gregory P. , Shine Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLike many invasive species, cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia concentrate in the disturbed habitats created by human activity, rather than in pristine areas. We surveyed cane toads in the wet–dry tropics of the Northern Territory to assess the abundances, body sizes, sexes, behaviour, hydration state and feeding rates of toads around buildings compared to those in areas remote from buildings, and conducted experimental trials to assess the effects of building‐related variables (lights and increased toad densities) on the foraging success of toads. Toads around buildings were smaller than bushland conspecifics, and adult sex‐ratios were female‐biased. Toads were more sedentary around buildings than in the bush, but their feeding rates (based on direct observations and faeces production post‐capture) were similar. That similarity, despite twofold‐higher densities of competing toads around building, reflected the strong enhancement of feeding rates due to artificial lights attracting insects (in our experimental trials, a threefold increase regardless of the number of competing toads). Toads collected from around buildings were apparently in better hydric condition. Thus, access to water also may attract toads to buildings. The relative scarcity of adult male toads around buildings likely reflects waterbody‐centred reproductive activities, whereas the concentration of females and juveniles around buildings is driven largely by access to the insects attracted by artificial light. We conclude that buildings enhance the persistence of cane toad populations and may facilitate their spread.
Later-borns Don’t Give Up: The Temporary Effects of Birth Order on European Earnings
Authors: Bertoni Marco , Brunello Giorgio 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The existing empirical evidence on the effects of birth order on wages does not distinguish between temporary and permanent effects. Using data from 11 European countries for males born between 1935 and 1956, we show that firstborns enjoy on average a 13.7 % premium in their entry wage compared with later-borns. This advantage, however, is short-lived and disappears 10 years after labor market entry. Although firstborns start with a better job, partially because of their higher education, later-borns quickly catch up by switching earlier and more frequently to better-paying jobs. We argue that a key factor driving our findings is that later-borns have lower risk aversion than firstborns.
Muscle Weakness and Perceived Disability of Upper Limbs in Persons With Late Effects of Polio
Authors: Brogårdh Christina , Flansbjer Ulla‐Britt , Lexell Jan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundMuscle weakness in one or both upper limbs is common in persons with previous polio, but there is very limited knowledge how it influences daily life.ObjectiveTo assess muscle weakness and self‐perceived disability of the upper limbs in persons with late effects of polio and evaluate their association.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingsUniversity hospital outpatient clinic.ParticipantsTwenty‐eight persons (mean age 67, SD 16 years) with late effects of polio in their upper limbs.Main Outcome MeasuresA fixed dynamometer (Biodex System 3 PRO dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems Inc, Shirley, NY) was used to measure isometric shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, as well as isokinetic concentric elbow flexion and extension. A hand‐held dynamometer (Grippit, Hägersten, Sweden) was used to measure isometric grip strength. The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used to assess self‐perceived disability of the upper limbs. The relationships between the measures were analyzed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rho).ResultsThe participants were 20%‐31% weaker in their more‐affected upper limb compared with their less‐affected limb. The DASH score was on average 33.5 (SD 18.6), indicating a mild‐to‐moderate disability of their upper limbs. Changing a lightbulb overhead, carrying a heavy object, and performing recreational activities that required muscle force with the arms were perceived as most difficult. The correlations (rho) between the muscle strength measurements and DASH scores ranged from −0.46 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.10 to −0.71) to −0.61 (95% CI −0.31 to −0.80) for the more affected upper limb, and from −0.54 (95% CI −0.21 to −0.76) to −0.68 (95% CI −0.41 to −0.84) for the less affected upper limb (P < .05‐.01).ConclusionsPersons with previous polio and muscle weakness in their upper limbs perceive difficulties to use their arms in daily life, especially when performing activities above their head and strenuous household or leisure activities. The fair‐to‐moderate correlations of muscle strength with self‐perceived disability imply that the weakness can only partially explain the perceived disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand. Other factors are therefore important to consider in the rehabilitation of persons with late effects of polio and upper limb disability.
Impact of Phlebotomy Tourniquet Use on Blood Lactate Levels in Acutely Ill Patients
Authors: Balakrishnan Vamsi , Wilson John , Taggart Brent , Cipolla James , Jeanmonod Rebecca 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveLactate levels are increasingly used to guide resuscitation efforts. Some surgical literature suggests that tourniquet use during phlebotomy falsely elevates results, although studies in healthy volunteers have not demonstrated this. The purpose of this study was to determine in clinical practice whether tourniquet use during the drawing of a lactate results in significantly altered levels compared to the result of a level drawn without a tourniquet.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out on emergency department patients whose clinical presentation led a physician to order a lactate level. Written informed consent was obtained from patients or their proxies. Study lactates were obtained using a tourniquet during the draw sequence of other laboratory studies. Lactate levels for clinical use were drawn per hospital protocol with no tourniquet. The time of lactate measurements and patient demographic information were recorded. Lactate levels for each patient were compared with the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test.Results40 patients were consented and enrolled. The median clinical lactate level was 1.9 (interquartile range 1.5-2.6), and the median study lactate level was 1.9 (interquartile range 1.4-2.7). There was no difference between paired lactate values (p=0.95).ConclusionsTourniquet use appears to have no impact on measured lactate levels. Our findings suggest that current practices at many institutions regarding lactate collection are likely too stringent and should be changed.
Complications of Hospital-Onset Healthcare Facility–Associated Clostridium difficile Infections Among Veterans
Authors: Evans Martin E. , Kralovic Stephen M. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Whitlock Judith L. , Jain Rajiv , Roselle Gary A. 
Published: February 2016

Complications within 30 days of a clinically confirmed hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection diagnosis from July 1, 2012, through June 30, 2015, in 127 acute care Veterans Health Administration facilities were evaluated. Pooled rates for attributable intensive care unit admissions, colectomies, and deaths were 2.7%, 0.5%, and 0.4%, respectively.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:717–719
Why Materialism Is False, and Why It Has Nothing To Do with the Mind
Authors: Jaworski William 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMaterialism claims that everything is physical; everything can be exhaustively described and explained in principle by physics. For over half a century challenges to materialism have focused on mental phenomena such as consciousness, reason, and value. The tacit assumption among most materialists – one shared by most of their critics – has been that more basic biological phenomena, such as metabolism and reproduction, do not pose a serious obstacle to the materialist program, that these can be easily accommodated within a materialist framework. But there is reason to think that this assumption is false. Thomas Nagel has recently argued that materialism cannot countenance biological phenomena at large. Like so many anti-materialist arguments, however, his focuses on mental phenomena. After explaining why this is a liability for him and other would-be critics of materialism, I advance an anti-materialist argument that appeals directly to biology. Materialism is false, it says, because our best empirical descriptions and explanations of biological phenomena appeal to biological organization or structure, and there is good reason to think that these appeals cannot be eliminated, reduced to, or paraphrased in favor of descriptions and explanations framed in exclusively physical terms. As a result, not everything can be described and explained exhaustively by physics. Materialism must be false. The reason, however, has nothing to do with mental phenomena specifically.
Does depression diagnosis and antidepressant prescribing vary by location? Analysis of ethnic density associations using a large primary-care dataset
Authors: Schofield P. , Das-Munshi J. , Mathur R. , Congdon P. , Hull S. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundStudies have linked ethnic differences in depression rates with neighbourhood ethnic density although results have not been conclusive. We looked at this using a novel approach analysing whole population data covering just over one million GP patients in four London boroughs.MethodUsing a dataset of GP records for all patients registered in Lambeth, Hackney, Tower Hamlets and Newham in 2013 we investigated new diagnoses of depression and antidepressant use for: Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, black Caribbean and black African patients. Neighbourhood effects were assessed independently of GP practice using a cross-classified multilevel model.ResultsBlack and minority ethnic groups are up to four times less likely to be newly diagnosed with depression or prescribed antidepressants compared to white British patients. We found an inverse relationship between neighbourhood ethnic density and new depression diagnosis for some groups, where an increase of 10% own-ethnic density was associated with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced odds of depression for Pakistani [odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.93], Indian (OR 0.88, CI 0.81–0.95), African (OR 0.88, CI 0.78–0.99) and Bangladeshi (OR 0.94, CI 0.90–0.99) patients. Black Caribbean patients, however, showed the opposite effect (OR 1.26, CI 1.09–1.46). The results for antidepressant use were very similar although the corresponding effect for black Caribbeans was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.07).ConclusionNew depression diagnosis and antidepressant use was shown to be less likely in areas of higher own-ethnic density for some, but not all, ethnic groups.