bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation on human bladder function
Authors: Roy Holly A. , Pond Debbie , Roy Christopher , Forrow Beth , Foltynie Thomas , Zrinzo Ludvic , Akram Harith , Aziz Tipu Z. , FitzGerald James J. , Green Alexander L. 
Published: June 2017

AimsThe pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a deep brain stimulation target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Unilateral PPN stimulation has been described in a previous case report to provoke urinary frequency, urgency and detrusor overactivity, due to probable activation of the pontine micturition center. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of bilateral PPN DBS on urodynamic parameters and to investigate the likely mechanisms using probabilistic tractography.MethodsSix male PD subjects with bilateral PPN deep brain stimulators were recruited. Urodynamic bladder filling assessments were carried out with the stimulators ON and OFF. Two subjects also had diffusion‐weighted and T1‐weighted MRI scans performed and probabilistic tractography was carried out to describe white matter connections with the stimulated area.ResultsFive subjects completed urodynamic testing. PPN DBS did not give rise to detrusor overactivity or lower sensory thresholds during bladder filling. However, there was a significant increase in maximal bladder capacity with stimulation: mean bladder volume at maximal capacity was 199 mL (range 103‐440) ON stimulation compared with 131 mL (range 39‐230) OFF stimulation. Tractography demonstrated extensive connectivity to cortical and subcortical regions, some of which have been implicated in bladder control. Fiber pathways also passed close to the vicinity of the pontine micturition center.ConclusionsBilateral PPN DBS did not have a detrimental effect on urodynamic filling parameters or produce detrusor overactivity, but did slightly increase maximal capacity. Possible mechanisms include long‐range connectivity or local effects at the pontine micturition center.
Impact of direct epispinal stimulation on bladder and bowel functions in pigs: A feasibility study
Authors: Guiho Thomas , Delleci Claire , Azevedo‐Coste Christine , Fattal Charles , Guiraud David , Vignes Jean‐Rodolphe , Bauchet Luc 
Published: June 2017

AimsThis study assesses the potential of epispinal (subdural) stimulation application in the treatment of urinary and bowel neurological disorders. Acute experiments were performed on a large animal model — the domestic pig — to develop a new methodology facilitating future results and technology transfers to human.MethodsAfter rectal and bladder catheterization, four Landrace pigs (45‐50 kg) underwent spinal cord surgery — that is, lumbosacral incision, laminectomy [L4‐S4], dural opening and microsurgical arachnoid dissection. Three successive electrical stimulation sessions were carried out: 1) nerve roots stimulation, 2) epispinal stimulation with a matrix electrode, 3) epispinal stimulation with a small diameter needle electrode. Changes in rectal and bladder pressures were monitored throughout the various procedures to identify spinal areas inducing responses while evaluating the influence of electrode contacts size in the measured responses amplitudes.ResultsAn interesting area was identified in the upper portion of the spinal myelomeres (ie, spinal cord segment delimited by two successive pairs of spinal roots) directly adjoining root with best pressures (either rectal or vesical). Significant responses (up to 40 cmH2O) were also obtained with a needle electrode. Furthermore, bowel evacuation was triggered in one of the animals. Despite the use of smaller electrode contacts, no detrusor or rectum selective responses were observed in none of the sessions.ConclusionThis study showed, for the first time, that epispinal stimulation causes significant detrusor and rectal responses in pigs and allows considering further studies with the objective of treating urinary and rectal disorders in spinal cord injury patients.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors in children treated with multimodal therapies: The necessity of upfront radiotherapy after surgery
Authors: Lee Jeongshim , Kim Dong‐Seok , Han Jung Woo , Suh Chang‐Ok 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare malignant pediatric brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. We evaluated the efficacy of multimodal therapy in children with ATRT.ProcedureNine children diagnosed with cranial ATRT, who received multimodal therapy between 2005 and 2014, including surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT), systemic chemotherapy (CT), and high‐dose chemotherapy/stem cell transplantation (HDCT/SCT), were analyzed retrospectively. The median age at diagnosis was 32 months. Initial treatment included surgery in eight patients (88%), CT in all (100%), RT in eight (88%), and HDCT/SCT in seven (78%).ResultsThe median follow‐up period for survivors was 21 months. The 2‐year progression‐free rate was 66.7%. Two patients had progression 4 and 17 months after diagnosis. One received multimodal treatment, including surgery and upfront CT with delayed RT; the other underwent surgery and upfront CT without RT. The 2‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 46.7% and 62.2%, respectively. Hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or more was observed in six patients treated with HDCT/SCT and two who underwent craniospinal irradiation. Deaths were attributed to progressive disease (n = 2) and treatment‐related toxicity (n = 2) from sepsis and acute respiratory failure after CT and HDCT/SCT.ConclusionsMaximal safe resection in conjunction with upfront RT is a reasonable multimodal treatment in patients with ATRT for prolonging progression‐free survival. Further research may help determine the optimal parameters for reducing treatment toxicity, such as intensity of HDCT/SCT and the RT field.
Characteristics and outcome in patients with central nervous system involvement treated in European pediatric acute myeloid leukemia study groups
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Dworzak Michael N. , Zimmermann Martin , Reinhardt Dirk , Sramkova Lucie , Bourquin Jan Pierre , Hasle Henrik , Abrahamsson Jonas , Kaspers Gertjan , van den Heuvel Mary M. , Reedijk Ardine M. J. , De Moerloose Barbara , Locatelli Franco , Masetti Riccardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the treatment for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia and initial central nervous system (CNS) involvement.MethodsTo evaluate different CNS‐directed treatment options (intrathecal [IT] therapy, CNS irradiation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT]), 261 patients (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) with initial CNS involvement treated in trials with similar intensive chemotherapy by four cooperative European study groups (1998–2013) were studied and compared with CNS‐negative patients from the Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster group.ResultsPatient characteristics in the different study groups were comparable. Young age, high white blood cell count, extramedullary involvement other than the CNS, monoblastic morphology, and inv(16) were associated with CNS involvement (each P < 0.0001). There were no major differences in outcome between the study groups. The cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) regarding the CNS was higher in initially CNS‐positive versus initially CNS‐negative patients (all: 8 ± 2% vs. 3 ± 1%, P(Gray) = 0.001; isolated: 4 ± 1% vs. 1 ± 0%, P(Gray) = 0.03). However, global outcome of the CNS‐positive cohort (overall survival, 64 ± 3%; event‐free survival 48 ± 3%; and CIR 33% ± 3%) did not differ significantly from CNS‐negative patients. Risk groups defined by cytogenetics were of likewise prognostic significance in CNS‐positive and ‐negative patients. CNS treatment with cranial irradiation was not superior compared to IT therapy and systemic chemotherapy (± HSCT).ConclusionAlthough CNS relapses occurred more frequently in initially CNS‐positive patients, their global outcome was similar as in CNS‐negative patients. Intensified IT therapy was heterogeneous; however, at least eight applications, preferably with triple IT chemotherapy, seem to be appropriate to accompany dose‐intensive systemic chemotherapy.
Successful treatment of tacrolimus‐related pure red cell aplasia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with rituximab in a pediatric cardiac transplant patient
Authors: Abongwa Chenue , Abusin Ghada , El‐Sheikh Ayman 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are rare complications of immunosuppression in pediatric solid organ transplant patients. We report a 14‐month‐old female child who developed Coombs positive hemolytic anemia and reticulocytopenia while on tacrolimus after cardiac transplantation. She was successfully treated with rituximab after failing treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. Clinicians should consider PRCA differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with reticulocytopenia and hemolysis. In addition, the coexistence of PRCA with AIHA, and the response to therapy with rituximab, supports a common immune‐mediated pathogenesis for both disorders.
Analysis of common cytogenetic abnormalities in New Zealand pediatric ALL shows ethnically diverse carriage of ETV6‐RUNX1, without a corresponding difference in survival
Authors: Pettit Tristan , Cole Nyree , Leung Wingchi , Ballantine Kirsten , Macfarlane Scott 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of common cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is known to vary by geographic location and ethnic origin. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hypodiploidy, ETV6‐RUNX1, BCR‐ABL1, and MLL rearrangement within New Zealand's pediatric ALL population and to assess whether the frequency of these ALL prognostic markers varies according to ethnicity.ProcedureThe New Zealand Children's Cancer Registry provided information for all registered pediatric ALL patients that were diagnosed between 2000 and 2009, with medical records available for 246 patients. Each patient's medical record was reviewed to determine the frequency of hypodiploidy, ETV6‐RUNX1, BCR‐ABL1, MLL rearrangement, and cell lineage. Chi‐square tests for independence were undertaken to compare the frequencies of cytogenetic abnormalities according to prioritized ethnicity.ResultsThe frequency of cytogenetic ALL abnormalities in the New Zealand pediatric population were consistent with international reference values. A low frequency of ETV6‐RUNX1 was evident for Maori pediatric ALL patients (5.4%, P = 0.018), when compared to Pacific peoples (21.1%) and non‐Maori/non‐Pacific peoples (27.4%). This has not impacted on outcome, however, with equivalent 5‐year overall survival being observed in Maori (89.4%) compared to Pacific peoples (92.0%) and non‐Maori/non‐Pacific peoples (90.2%).ConclusionsA lower frequency of the favorable prognostic marker ETV6‐RUNX1 was observed in Maori pediatric ALL patients. This did not translate into poorer survival. Future research into biological and nonbiological prognostic factors in this patient population may assist in explaining this finding.
Eating behavior during dexamethasone treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Warris Lidewij T. , van den Akker Erica L.T. , Bierings Marc B. , van den Bos Cor , Aarsen Femke K. , Zwaan Michel C. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Veening Margreet A. , Pieters Rob , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and aimLarge prospective studies on dexamethasone‐induced changes in eating behavior, energy, and nutrient intake are lacking in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We prospectively studied eating behavior, energy, nutrient intake, and the effect on leptin and adiponectin levels during dexamethasone administration in children with ALL.PatientsParents of patients with ALL (3–16 years) completed a dietary diary for their child during 4 days of dexamethasone (6 mg/m2) administration. Energy intake and nutrient intake (energy percentage = E%) were assessed and compared with the recommended intake. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children was completed before start and after 4 days of dexamethasone administration by patients of 7–12 years of age. Fasting leptin and adiponectin levels were also measured before start and after 4 days of dexamethasone administration.ResultsEnergy intake per day(kcal) (N = 44) increased significantly during dexamethasone (median day 1: 1,103 (717–1,572) versus day 4: 1,482 (1,176–1,822), P < 0.01), including an increase in total protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, and sodium intake. Intake of saturated fat (median day 4: 12 E%) and salt (median day 4: 1.9 g/day) exceeded the healthy range for age and gender. With respect to eating behavior, dexamethasone significantly decreased restrained eating (P = 0.04). Leptin levels as well as adiponectin levels increased significantly during the dexamethasone course.ConclusionsFour days of dexamethasone treatment significantly increased energy intake, including excessive saturated fat and salt intake, and changed eating behavior in children with ALL. Nutritional and behavioral interventions during dexamethasone treatment are recommended to stimulate a healthy lifestyle.
Psychosocial functioning in adolescents with and without borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kramer Ueli , Temes Christina M. , Magni Laura R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Aguirre Blaise A. , Goodman Marianne , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the psychosocial functioning of adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The main objective of this paper is to compare the psychosocial functioning of a group of adolescents with BPD to a group of psychiatrically healthy adolescents.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 104 adolescent inpatients with BPD, compared with 60 age‐matched psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects. All participants were rigorously diagnosed using three semi‐structured interviews: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Childhood Diagnoses, the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and the Childhood Interview for DSM‐IV Borderline Personality. All subjects were also interviewed using the adolescent version of the Background Information Schedule to assess multiple facets of psychosocial functioning.ResultsAdolescents with BPD rated their relationships with their parents as significantly less positive, were more likely to date, but spent more time alone than their healthy counterparts. In addition, adolescents with BPD reported significantly more problems at work and school (i.e. lower frequency of having a good work or school history, higher frequency of being suspended or expelled from school) and significantly lower rates of participation in extra‐curricular activities than their healthy counterparts.ConclusionsTaken together, the results of this study suggest that adolescents with BPD are more impaired in both the social and vocational areas of functioning than psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects. They might also suggest that an overlooked area of strength concerns their relationships with peers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the double‐stranded RNA of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ribosomal protein P0 gene enhances the resistance of transgenic soybean plants
Authors: Meng Fanli , Li Yang , Zang Zhenyuan , Li Na , Ran Ruixue , Cao Yingxue , Li Tianyu , Zhou Quan , Li Wenbin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe soybean pod borer [SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] is the most important soybean pest in northeastern Asia. Silencing genes using plant‐mediated RNA‐interference is a promising strategy for controlling SPB infestations. The ribosomal protein P0 is important for protein translation and DNA repair in the SPB. Thus, transferring P0 double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) into plants may help prevent SPB‐induced damage.RESULTSWe investigated the effects of SpbP0 dsRNA injections and SpbP0 dsRNA‐expressing transgenic soybean plants on the SPB. Larval mortality rates were greater for SpbP0 dsRNA‐injected larvae (96%) than for the control larvae (31%) at 14 days after injections. Transgenic T2 soybean plants expressing SpbP0 dsRNA sustained less damage from SPB larvae than control plants. In addition, the expression level of the SpbP0 gene decreased and the mortality rate increased when SPB larvae were fed on T3 transgenic soybean pods. Moreover, the surviving larvae were deformed and exhibited inhibited growth.CONCLUSIONSilencing SpbP0 expression is lethal to the SPB. Transgenic soybean plants expressing SpbP0 dsRNA are more resistant to the SPB than wild‐type plants. Thus, SpbP0 dsRNA‐expressing transgenic plants may be useful for controlling insect pests. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Stacked denoising autoencoders for sentiment analysis: a review
Authors: Sagha Hesam , Cummins Nicholas , Schuller Björn 
Published: June 2017

Deep learning has been shown to outperform numerous conventional machine learning algorithms (e.g., support vector machines) in many fields, such as image processing and text analyses. This is due to its outstanding capability to model complex data distributions. However, as networks become deeper, there is an increased risk of overfitting and higher sensitivity to noise. Stacked denoising autoencoders (SDAs) provide an infrastructure to resolve these issues. In the field of sentiment recognition from textual contents, SDAs have been widely used (especially for domain adaptation), and have been consistently refined and improved through defining new alternate topologies as well as different learning algorithms. A wide selection of these approaches are reviewed and compared in this article. The results coming from the reviewed works indicate the promising capability of SDAs to perform sentiment recognition on a multitude of domains and languages. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1212. doi: 10.1002/widm.1212This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Quantitative Assessment of Pancreatic Texture Using a Durometer: A New Tool to Predict the Risk of Developing a Postoperative Fistula
Authors: Marchegiani Giovanni , Ballarin Roberto , Malleo Giuseppe , Andrianello Stefano , Allegrini Valentina , Pulvirenti Alessandra , Paini Marina , Secchettin Erica , Boriero Fabrizio , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Bassi Claudio , Salvia Roberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic texture is one of the key predictors of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Currently, the “gold standard” for assessment of pancreatic texture is surgeon’s subjective evaluation through manual palpation.AimTo evaluate a new “durometer” that is able to assess quantitatively the pancreatic stiffness by measuring its elastic module (i.e., the resistance offered by the pancreatic stump when elastically deformed expressed in mPa).MethodsMeasurements were obtained from the pancreatic remnant during 138 consecutive PDs performed at the Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery—The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona Hospital Trust. Values were correlated to clinical features and, in particular, with the senior surgeon’s evaluation of pancreatic texture (hard/soft). Sixteen beating‐heart donors were used as a control group to assess the stiffness of a non‐pathologic pancreas. Univariate analysis was performed for the assessment of POPF predictors.ResultsDurometry allowed segregating between non‐pathologic, soft and hard pancreas according to surgeon’s evaluation (mean values 111 vs. 196 vs. 366 mPa, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in stiffness with regard to histology, BMI, and neoadjuvant therapy. Larger tumors (>20 mm) and male sex were associated with greater stiffness on univariate analysis. Pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct size, BMI, prior neoadjuvant therapy, and histology were predictors of POPF. Patients who developed POPF showed a lesser stiffness (178 vs. 261 mPa, p = 0.05).ConclusionAssessment of pancreatic stiffness using a durometer correlated with the surgeon’s evaluation of pancreatic texture. Measurement of pancreatic parenchymal stiffness is reliable and correlates with the development of POPF.
Enteral Antibiotics are Non‐inferior to Intravenous Antibiotics After Complicated Appendicitis in Adults: A Retrospective Multicentre Non‐inferiority Study
Authors: Kleif Jakob , Rasmussen Louise , Fonnes Siv , Tibæk Pernille , Daoud Alaa , Lund Helle , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundProlonging post‐operative antibiotic treatment beyond 3 days does not seem to reduce the incidence of post‐operative abscess formation or wound infection after surgery for complicated appendicitis. The route of administration seems to be based on an empirical basis. Using enteral antibiotics could reduce length of stay and reduce overall costs. We aimed to examine whether treatment with enteral antibiotics during the first three post‐operative days is non‐inferior to intravenous antibiotics regarding intra‐abdominal abscess formation or wound infection after surgery for complicated appendicitis.MethodsA retrospective study of adult patients having surgery for complicated appendicitis within a period of 32 months in the Capital Region of Denmark. Primary outcome was the incidence of post‐operative abscess formation, and secondary outcome was wound infections, both within 30 days of surgery. Route of antibiotic administration for the first three post‐operative days was registered for all patients.ResultsA total of 1141 patients were included in the study. The overall risk of developing an intra‐abdominal abscess was 6.7% (95% CI 5.2%; 8.1%), and the risk of wound infection was 1.2% (95% CI 0.6%; 1.8%). In a multivariate intention‐to‐treat analysis, patients treated post‐operatively with enteral antibiotics had an odds ratio of 0.78 (95% CI 0.41; 1.45, p = 0.429) for developing an intra‐abdominal abscess and an odds ratio of 0.86 (95% CI 0.17; 4.29, p = 0.851) for developing a wound infection compared to patients treated post‐operatively with intravenous antibiotics.ConclusionTreatment with enteral antibiotics was non‐inferior compared to treatment with intravenous antibiotics during the first 3 days after surgery for complicated appendicitis.