bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mistiming of thought and perception predicts delusionality
Authors: Bear Adam , Fortgang Rebecca G. , Bronstein Michael V. , Cannon Tyrone D. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The nature and origin of delusional belief in illnesses like schizophrenia has been an active topic of research for decades. Yet relatively less work has been devoted to relating this high-level phenomenon to lower-level perceptual mechanisms. We consider whether an illusory reversal in the perception of when a prediction and observation occur in time predicts the presence of delusion-like ideation. We find evidence for such a relationship, suggesting that specific perceptual deficits in how people experience the timing of their thoughts might be a contributor to delusionality. Detecting these perceptual abnormalities early on may therefore prove fruitful for understanding, diagnosing, and treating certain forms of mental illness.
Direct engagement of the PI3K pathway by mutant KIT dominates oncogenic signaling in gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Bosbach Benedikt , Rossi Ferdinand , Yozgat Yasemin , Loo Jennifer , Zhang Jennifer Q. , Berrozpe Georgina , Warpinski Katherine , Ehlers Imke , Veach Darren , Kwok Andrew , Manova Katia , Antonescu Cristina R. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Besmer Peter 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important drug targets in the clinical setting. While RTK inhibitors have become important tools in the clinic, as has been demonstrated with chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), drug resistance invariably develops. The tools and rationale for the treatment of RTK drug resistance are limited, and success is of short duration. The identification of secondary intracellular drug targets is thus of critical importance. By using new Kit-GIST mouse models in which specific Kit signaling cascades are inhibited, we show the importance of PI3 kinase signaling in tumor development, as well as the utility of PI3 kinase inhibition in the treatment of primary and imatinib-resistant GIST. These studies provide a rationale for targeting dominant molecular pathways in tumors driven by oncogenic kinases.
Soft tubular microfluidics for 2D and 3D applications
Authors: Xi Wang , Kong Fang , Yeo Joo Chuan , Yu Longteng , Sonam Surabhi , Dao Ming , Gong Xiaobo , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The current cleanroom-based soft lithography microfabrication process is complicated and expensive. There is a need for low-cost, ready-to-use, modular components that can be easily assembled into microfluidic devices by users lacking proficiency or access to microfabrication facilities. We present a facile, low-cost, and efficient method of fabricating soft, elastic microtubes with different cross-sectional shapes and dimensions. These microtubes can be used as basic building blocks for the rapid construction of various 2D and 3D microfluidic devices with complex geometries, topologies, and functions. This approach avoids the conventional cumbersome photolithography process and thus, provides a feasible way for scaling up the production of microfluidic devices.
MIF and D-DT are potential disease severity modifiers in male MS subjects
Authors: Benedek Gil , Meza-Romero Roberto , Jordan Kelley , Zhang Ying , Nguyen Ha , Kent Gail , Li Jia , Siu Edwin , Frazer Jenny , Piecychna Marta , Du Xin , Sreih Antoine , Leng Lin , Wiedrick Jack , Caillier Stacy J. , Offner Halina , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Yadav Vijayshree , Bourdette Dennis , Bucala Richard , Vandenbark Arthur A. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The biological processes that are involved in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) are far from complete. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homolog, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), are immunoregulatory cytokines known to be involved in the worsening of various autoimmune disorders. We demonstrate that genetically controlled high MIF expression (and D-DT) promotes MS progression in males, suggesting that these two factors are sex-specific disease modifiers. In addition, we show that MIF or D-DT deficiency ameliorates the disease severity of the murine model of MS. Our data suggest that targeting CD74, the common receptor for MIF and D-DT, with therapies such as partial MHC class II constructs could be therapeutically beneficial for inhibiting MS clinical progression in selected patients.
Hydrologic regulation of plant rooting depth
Authors: Fan Ying , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Jackson Robert B. , Otero-Casal Carlos 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Knowledge of plant rooting depth is critical to understanding plant-mediated global change. Earth system models are highly sensitive to this particular parameter with large consequences for modeled plant productivity, water–energy–carbon exchange between the land and the atmosphere, and silicate weathering regulating multimillion-year-timescale carbon cycle. However, we know little about how deep roots go and why. Accidental discoveries of >70-m-deep roots in wells and >20-m-deep roots in caves offer glimpses of the enormous plasticity of root response to its environment, but the drivers and the global significance of such deep roots are not clear. Through observations and modeling, we demonstrate that soil hydrology is a globally prevalent force driving landscape to global patterns of plant rooting depth.
Identification of sialic acid-binding function for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein
Authors: Li Wentao , Hulswit Ruben J. G. , Widjaja Ivy , Raj V. Stalin , McBride Ryan , Peng Wenjie , Widagdo W. , Tortorici M. Alejandra , van Dieren Brenda , Lang Yifei , van Lent Jan W. M. , Paulson James C. , de Haan Cornelis A. M. , de Groot Raoul J. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Haagmans Bart L. , Bosch Berend-Jan 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) recurrently infects humans from its dromedary camel reservoir, causing severe respiratory disease with an ∼35% fatality rate. The virus binds to the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) entry receptor on respiratory epithelial cells via its spike protein. We here report that the MERS-CoV spike protein selectively binds to sialic acid (Sia) and demonstrate that cell-surface sialoglycoconjugates can serve as an attachment factor. Our observations warrant further research into the role of Sia binding in the virus’s host and tissue tropism and transmission, which may be influenced by the observed Sia-binding fine specificity and by differences in sialoglycomes among host species.
Imaginative resistance as imagistic resistance
Authors: Tooming Uku 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen we are invited to imagine an unacceptable moral proposition to be true in fiction, we feel resistance when we try to imagine it. Despite this, it is nonetheless possible to suppose that the proposition is true. In this paper, I argue that existing accounts of imaginative resistance are unable to explain why only attempts to imagine (rather than to suppose) the truth of moral propositions cause resistance. My suggestion is that imagination, unlike supposition, involves mental imagery and imaginative resistance arises when imagery that one has formed does not match unacceptable propositions.
Controlled preparation of M(Ag, Au)/TiO2 through sulfydryl-assisted method for enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Xia Hongbo , Wu Suli , Bi Jiajie , Zhang Shufen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Here a simple and effective method was explored to fabricate M/TiO2 (M = Ag, Au) composites, which required neither pre-treatment of TiO2 nor any additives as reducing agent. Using amorphous TiO2 spheres functionalized with SH groups as starting materials, the noble metallic ions (Ag, Au) can be adsorbed by TiO2 due to their special affinity with SH groups, which is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of metallic ions on the surface of TiO2. Then the adsorbed ions were reduced to form noble metal nanoparticles by heating process (95 °C) directly without additive as reduction agent. Meanwhile, the amorphous TiO2 was transformed into anatase phase during the heating process. Thus, the transformation of TiO2 along with the reduction of noble metallic ions (Ag, Au) was simultaneously carried out by heating. The XRD patterns proved the formation of anatase TiO2 after heating. The characterizations of XPS and TEM proved the formation of Ag and Au nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2. The element mapping indicated that Ag nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly on the surface of TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of the composites has been investigated by the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that when Ag/TiO2 (2.8 wt%) was used as photocatalyst, about 98% of the MO molecules were degraded in 70 min.
Smoke pollution disrupted biodiversity during the 2015 El Niño fires in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lee Benjamin P Y-H , Davies Zoe G , Struebig Matthew J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Forest and peatland fires during the 2015 El Niño drought were amongst the worst on record in Southeast Asia. They were a major contributor of carbon emissions across the region, with the associated smoke-induced haze causing an air pollution crisis that affected millions of people. We present evidence of air pollution impacts on biodiversity. Using daily acoustic recordings in central Singapore, we monitored the dawn chorus before, during and after the haze event. We demonstrate that levels of ecological community acoustic activity dropped dramatically during the haze, and that this decline was significantly associated with levels of air pollution considered ‘unhealthy’ to the human population. Acoustic disruption was apparent across four common indices of soundscape activity, with only a partial recovery to pre-haze levels observed 16 weeks after the smoke had dissipated. These impacts on ecological communities were likely to be even more severe closer to the fires, where air pollution levels were reported to be 15-fold greater than those recorded in Singapore. Our results indicate that large-scale air pollution crises may have hitherto underestimated and potentially far-reaching impacts on biodiversity, especially in parts of the world prone to extensive forest fires.
MPAs in ABNJ: lessons from two high seas regimes
Authors: Smith Danielle , Jabour Julia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEstablishing a network of marine-protected areas (MPAs) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is viewed as an important measure to protect marine biodiversity. To date 12 MPAs have been established: two in the Southern Ocean and 10 in the North-East Atlantic region, and more are proposed. The Southern Ocean MPAs were adopted by Members of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in a complex, slow and challenging process. The North-East Atlantic MPAs were established under the OSPAR Convention and although the MPA network was established swiftly, doubts remain about whether it was a successful institutional development for the protection of marine biodiversity or just a network of ‘paper parks’. This article analyses the planning and negotiation processes that took place in establishing the 12 current MPAs to identify lessons useful for establishing MPAs in ABNJ in the future.
Pulsar spin-down: the glitch-dominated rotation of PSR J0537−6910
Authors: Antonopoulou D. , Espinoza C. M. , Kuiper L. , Andersson N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe young, fast-spinning X-ray pulsar J0537−6910 displays an extreme glitch activity, with large spin-ups interrupting its decelerating rotation every ∼100 d. We present nearly 13 yr of timing data from this pulsar, obtained with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We discovered 22 new glitches and performed a consistent analysis of all 45 glitches detected in the complete data span. Our results corroborate the previously reported strong correlation between glitch spin-up size and the time to the next glitch, a relation that has not been observed so far in any other pulsar. The spin evolution is dominated by the glitches, which occur at a rate of ∼3.5 per year, and the post-glitch recoveries, which prevail the entire interglitch intervals. This distinctive behaviour provides invaluable insights into the physics of glitches. The observations can be explained with a multicomponent model that accounts for the dynamics of the neutron superfluid present in the crust and core of neutron stars. We place limits on the moment of inertia of the component responsible for the spin-up and, ignoring differential rotation, the velocity difference it can sustain with the crust. Contrary to its rapid decrease between glitches, the spin-down rate increased over the 13 yr, and we find the long-term braking index nl = −1.22(4), the only negative braking index seen in a young pulsar. We briefly discuss the plausible interpretations of this result, which is in stark contrast to the predictions of standard models of pulsar spin-down.
When Listening Is Better Than Reading: Performance Gains on Cardiac Auscultation Test Questions
Authors: Short Kathleen , Bucak S. Deniz , Rosenthal Francine , Raymond Mark R. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeIn 2007, the United States Medical Licensing Examination embedded multimedia simulations of heart sounds into multiple-choice questions. This study investigated changes in item difficulty as determined by examinee performance over time. The data reflect outcomes obtained following initial use of multimedia items from 2007 through 2012, after which an interface change occurred.MethodA total of 233,157 examinees responded to 1,306 cardiology test items over the six-year period; 138 items included multimedia simulations of heart sounds, while 1,168 text-based items without multimedia served as controls. The authors compared changes in difficulty of multimedia items over time with changes in difficulty of text-based cardiology items over time. Further, they compared changes in item difficulty for both groups of items between graduates of Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited and non-LCME-accredited (i.e., international) medical schools.ResultsExaminee performance on cardiology test items with multimedia heart sounds improved by 12.4% over the six-year period, while performance on text-based cardiology items improved by approximately 1.4%. These results were similar for graduates of LCME-accredited and non-LCME-accredited medical schools.ConclusionsExaminees’ ability to interpret auscultation findings in test items that include multimedia presentations increased from 2007 to 2012.
Medical Education and Health Care Delivery: A Call to Better Align Goals and Purposes
Authors: Sklar David P. , Hemmer Paul A. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: September 2017

The transformation of the U.S. health care system is under way, driven by the needs of an aging population, rising health care spending, and the availability of health information. However, the speed and effectiveness of the transformation of health care delivery will depend, in large part, upon engagement of the health professions community and changes in clinicians’ practice behaviors. Current efforts to influence practice behaviors emphasize changes in the health payment system with incentives to move from fee-for-service to alternative payment models.
The authors describe the potential of medical education to augment payment incentives to make changes in clinical practice and the importance of aligning the purpose and goals of medical education with those of the health care delivery system. The authors discuss how curricular and assessment changes and faculty development can align medical education with the transformative trends in the health care delivery system. They also explain how the theory of situated cognition offers a shared conceptual framework that could help address the misalignment of education and clinical care. They provide examples of how quality improvement, health care innovation, population care management, and payment alignment could create bridges for joining health care delivery and medical education to meet the health care reform goals of a high-performing health care delivery system while controlling health care spending. Finally, the authors illustrate how current payment incentives such as bundled payments, value-based purchasing, and population-based payments can work synergistically with medical education to provide high-value care.
Reproducibility of Bruch Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width Measurements With Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Park Keunheung , Kim Jinmi , Lee Jiwoong 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the reproducibility of Bruch membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements obtained with Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal and glaucoma subjects.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 123 eyes from 123 subjects (65 healthy, 58 glaucoma subjects) were included. BMO-MRW measurements were repeated 3 times during the same visit using Spectralis OCT. The BMO points and internal limiting membrane were identified with automated software and corrected manually when necessary. The intravisit repeatability, coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficient were analyzed for each sector and global BMO-MRW. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate correlations between CV and multiple variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify significant associations.

Results:
The intravisit repeatability ranged from 2.97 μm (global) to 10.25 μm (inferotemporal sector) in healthy subjects and from 3.31 μm (global) to 12.09 μm (inferonasal sector) in glaucoma subjects. The CVs ranged from 1.17% (global) to 3.56% (inferotemporal sector) in healthy subjects and from 2.57% (global) to 6.46% (superotemporal and inferotemporal sector) in glaucoma subjects. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.974 (superotemporal sector) to 0.997 (nasal sector) in normal subjects and from 0.988 (temporal sector) to 0.997 (global and nasal sector) in glaucoma subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that the CV in global BMO-MRW measurements was inversely associated with global BMO-MRW and visual field mean deviation (P=0.001 and 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions:
The Spectralis SD-OCT showed excellent reproducibility in BMO-MRW measurements in both normal and glaucoma subjects. The measurements variability was worse in more advanced glaucoma.
Reproducibility and Agreement of Anterior Segment Parameter Measurements Obtained Using the CASIA2 and Spectralis OCT2 Optical Coherence Tomography Devices
Authors: Xu Benjamin Y. , Mai Derek D. , Penteado Rafaella C. , Saunders Luke , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To assess the reproducibility and agreement of measurement values obtained from the Tomey CASIA2 and Heidelberg Spectralis OCT2 anterior segment optical coherence tomographic devices.

Methods:
Twenty eyes from 10 subjects ranging from age 28 to 45 years with no history of eye conditions or intraocular surgery were included. Two scans were obtained with each device in a standardized dark room environment after a period of dark adaptation. One anterior segment optical coherence tomography image along the horizontal (temporal nasal) meridian was analyzed per eye and per scan. Lens vault, pupil diameter, anterior chamber width, angle opening distance, trabecular iris space area, and scleral spur angle were measured using manufacturer-provided image analysis programs. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values, coefficients of variation, and Bland-Altman plots were computed to assess the intradevice correlation and interdevice agreement of measurement values.

Results:
There was excellent intradevice reproducibility of measurement values for both the CASIA (ICC range, 0.86 to 0.99) and Spectralis (ICC range, 0.79 to 1.00). There was also excellent interdevice correlation of measurement values (ICC range, 0.78 to 0.93) for all parameters except anterior chamber width (ICC 0.20). Linear regression models and Bland-Altman plots showed that this relationship was strongest when measurement values were small.

Conclusions:
There is excellent intradevice reproducibility and good interdevice agreement of anterior segment parameter measurement values for the CASIA2 and Spectralis OCT2. However, the measurements obtained with each device should not be considered interchangeable.
What Matters Most to Whom:
Authors: Collins Rebecca L. , Haas Ann , Haviland Amelia M. , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Some aspects of patient experience are more strongly related to overall ratings of care than others, reflecting their importance to patients. However, little is known about whether the importance of different aspects of this experience differs across subgroups.

Objectives:
To determine whether the aspects of health care most important to patients differ according to patient race, ethnicity, and language preference.

Research Design:
In response to the 2013 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) survey, patients rated their overall health care and completed items measuring five patient experience domains. We estimated a linear regression model to assess associations between overall rating of care and the 5 domains, testing for differences in these relationships for race/ethnicity/language groups, controlling for covariates.

Subjects:
In total 242,782 Medicare beneficiaries, age 65 years or older.

Measures:
Overall rating of health care, composite patient experience scores for: doctor communication, getting needed care, getting care quickly, customer service, and care coordination.

Results:
A joint test of the interactions between the composite scores and the 5 largest racial/ethnic/language subgroups was statistically significant (P <0.0001), suggesting the importance of domains varied across subgroups. Doctor communication had the strongest relationship with care ratings for non-Hispanic whites and English-preferring Hispanics. Getting needed care had the strongest relationship for Spanish-preferring Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Doctor communication and getting care quickly were strongest for African Americans.

Conclusions:
Tailoring quality improvement programs to the factors most important to the racial, ethnic, and language mix of the patient population of the practice, hospital, or plan may more efficiently reduce disparities and improve quality.