bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using marine reserves to manage impact of bottom trawl fisheries requires consideration of benthic food‐web interactions
Authors: van Denderen P. Daniël , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , van Kooten Tobias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used to protect exploited fish species as well as to conserve marine habitats and their biodiversity. They have also become a popular management tool for bottom trawl fisheries, a common fishing technique on continental shelves worldwide. The effects of bottom trawling go far beyond the impact on target species, as trawls also affect other components of the benthic ecosystem and the seabed itself. This means that for bottom trawl fisheries, MPAs can potentially be used not only to conserve target species but also to reduce impact of these side effects of the fishery. However, predicting the protective effects of MPAs is complicated because the side effects of trawling potentially alter the food‐web interactions between target and non‐target species. These changes in predatory and competitive interactions among fish and benthic invertebrates may have important ramifications for MPAs as tools to manage or mitigate the effects of bottom trawling. Yet, in current theory regarding the functioning of MPAs in relation to bottom trawl fisheries, such predatory and competitive interactions between species are generally not taken into account. In this study, we discuss how food‐web interactions that are potentially affected by bottom trawling may alter the effectiveness of MPAs to protect (1) biodiversity and marine habitats, (2) fish populations, (3) fisheries yield, and (4) trophic structure of the community. We make the case that in order to be applicable for bottom trawl fisheries, guidelines for the implementation of MPAs must consider their potential food‐web effects, at the risk of failing management.
Impact of dietary nitrate on age‐related diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Rammos Christos , Hendgen‐Cotta Ulrike B. , Totzeck Matthias , Pohl Julia , Lüdike Peter , Flögel Ulrich , Deenen René , Köhrer Karl , French Brent A. , Gödecke Axel , Kelm Malte , Rassaf Tienush 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsDiastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent, and ageing is the main contributor due to impairments in active cardiac relaxation, ventriculo‐vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) affects cardiovascular functions, and NO bioavailability is critically reduced with ageing. Whether replenishment of NO deficiency with dietary inorganic nitrate would offer a novel approach to reverse age‐related cardiovascular alterations was not known.Methods and resultsA dietary nitrate supplementation was applied to young (6 month) and old (20 month) wild‐type mice for 8 weeks and compared with controls. High‐resolution ultrasound, pressure–volume catheter techniques, and isolated heart measurements were applied to assess cardiac diastolic and vascular functions. Cardiac manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed to study the effects of dietary nitrate on myocyte calcium handling. In aged mice with preserved systolic function, dietary nitrate supplementation improved LV diastolic function, arterial compliance, and coronary flow reserve. Mechanistically, improved cardiovascular functions were associated with an accelerated cardiomyocyte calcium handling and augmented NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signalling, while enhanced nitrate reduction was related to age‐related differences in the oral microbiome.ConclusionDietary inorganic nitrate reverses age‐related LV diastolic dysfunction and improves vascular functions. Our results highlight the potential of a dietary approach in the therapy of age‐related cardiovascular alterations.
1,2,3‐Triazole–Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives with Tunable Solubility and Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Punzi Angela , Maiorano Eliana , Nicoletta Francesca , Blasi Davide , Ardizzone Antonio , Ventosa Nora , Ratera Imma , Veciana Jaume , Farinola Gianluca Maria 
Published: April 2016

Abstract1,2,3‐Triazole rings bearing hydrophobic aliphatic or hydrophilic oligoether chains were easily introduced at the two ends of the conjugated skeleton of bisthiophene–diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) derivatives by simple click cycloaddition reactions. The combination of side chains with different structures and polarities on the triazole rings with the side chains on the N‐atoms of the lactam groups of the TDPP moiety enabled the solubility and the solid‐state spectroscopic properties of the resulting conjugated molecules to be tuned. Formation of nanostructured aggregates and dependence of their spectroscopic behavior on the substitution pattern were investigated.
Synthesis of Benzene‐Glycol Nucleic Acids and Their Biophysical and Biological Properties
Authors: Niwa Nazuki , Ueda Keisuke , Ueno Yoshihito 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of benzene‐glycol nucleic acids and studies of their biophysical and biological properties. Using (S)‐mandelic acid as the starting material, we prepared phosphoramidite units for the synthesis of benzene‐glycol nucleic acids. The benzene‐glycol moieties effectively replace the sugar groups ordinarily found in DNA and RNA monomers. Oligonucleotides (ONs) containing these nucleoside analogues formed thermally and thermodynamically stable duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA strands and proved to be more resistant (i.e. less susceptible) to 3′‐exonuclease than their “natural” counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a duplex composed of a modified ON and its complementary strand of RNA very effectively elicits RNase H activity.
Stereoselective Anti‐Markovnikov Geminal Diamination and Dioxy­gena­tion of Vinylarenes Mediated by the Bromonium Ion
Authors: Balaji Pandur Venkatesan , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA straightforward method is reported for the stereoselective anti‐Markovnikov geminal diamination and stoichiometric geminal dioxygenation of vinylarenes mediated by a bromonium ion. The role of the substituent on the nucleophile and the nucleophilicity of the heteroatom in the competing geminal and vicinal addition pathways has been described. The stereoselectivity of the geminal dioxygenation is dependent on the ring size of the product and the position of the substituent that induces the stereoselectivity. The migration of the phenyl group through a semi‐pinacol rearrangement during the geminal addition process was confirmed by the results of deuterium labelling studies.
Convergent Three‐Component Tetrazole Synthesis
Authors: Chandgude Ajay L. , Dömling Alexander 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA microwave‐accelerated, simple, and efficient method for the construction of the 1,5‐tetrazole scaffold was developed. It comprises a multicomponent reaction of an amine, a carboxylic acid derivative, and an azide source. On the basis of the availability of the archetypical starting materials, this method provided very versatile synthetic access to 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles. The usefulness of this method was demonstrated in the synthesis of biologically important fused tetrazole scaffolds and the marketed drug cilostazol.
Increasing uranium exposure durations to the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi does not result in lower toxicity estimates
Authors: Mooney Thomas J. , Harford Andrew J. , Trenfield Melanie A. , Pease Ceiwen J. , Hogan Alicia C. , van Dam Rick A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Reproductive inhibition (egg production) of the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi over 4 d has been used to derive toxicity estimates for toxicants of concern in tropical Australia. Toxicity estimates from this test have been used as chronic data points in species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for deriving site-specific guideline values. However, revised guidance for the Australian and New Zealand Water Quality Guidelines advises that test durations for adult macroinvertebrates should be ≥14 d to be considered chronic. Hence, to strengthen the data set underpinning the site-specific guideline value for uranium (U) in Magela Creek, which receives water from the Ranger Uranium Mine in northern Australia, the toxicity of U to A. cumingi was compared after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d. Daily U concentrations were measured because of expected U loss during testing, providing extensive chemical analyses of the U exposure during the toxicity tests. Comparison of the U concentrations causing 50% reproductive inhibition (IC50) after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d showed no difference in toxicity (4 d IC50 = 161 μg L−1, confidence interval = 133–195; 9-d IC50 = 151 μg L−1, confidence interval = 127–180; 14-d IC50 = 153 μg L−1, confidence interval = 29–180). The present study provides evidence that test durations of &lt;14 d are suitable for assessing chronic toxicity to U for this species and supports the use of the 4-d toxicity estimate in the SSD for U. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2851–2858. © 2016 Commonwealth of Australia
HydroBlocks: a field‐scale resolving land surface model for application over continental extents
Authors: Chaney Nathaniel W. , Metcalfe Peter , Wood Eric F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLand surface spatial heterogeneity plays a significant role in the water, energy, and carbon cycles over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Until now, the representation of this spatial heterogeneity in land surface models has been limited to over simplistic schemes because of computation and environmental data limitations. This study introduces HydroBlocks – a novel land surface model that represents field‐scale spatial heterogeneity of land surface processes through interacting hydrologic response units (HRUs). HydroBlocks is a coupling between the Noah‐MP land surface model and the Dynamic TOPMODEL hydrologic model. The HRUs are defined by clustering proxies of the drivers of spatial heterogeneity using high‐resolution land data. The clustering mechanism allows for each HRU's results to be mapped out in space, facilitating field‐scale application and validation. The Little Washita watershed in the USA is used to assess HydroBlocks' performance and added benefit from traditional land surface models. A comparison between the semi‐distributed and fully distributed versions of the model suggests that using 1000 HRUs is sufficient to accurately approximate the fully distributed solution. A preliminary evaluation of model performance using available in situ soil moisture observations suggests that HydroBlocks is generally able to reproduce the observed spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture. Model performance deficiencies can be primarily attributed to parameter uncertainty. HydroBlocks' ability to explicitly resolve field‐scale spatial heterogeneity while only requiring an increase in computation of one to two orders of magnitude when compared with existing land surface models is encouraging – ensemble field‐scale land surface modelling over continental extents is now possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acellular hydroxyapatite‐collagen scaffolds support angiogenesis and osteogenic gene expression in an ectopic murine model: Effects of hydroxyapatite volume fraction
Authors: Meagher Matthew J. , Weiss‐Bilka Holly E. , Best Margaret E. , Boerckel Joel D. , Wagner Diane R. , Roeder Ryan K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcellular hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen scaffolds were previously reported to induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis after ectopic implantation but the effect of the HA volume fraction was not investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HA volume fraction onin vivoangiogenesis and osteogenesis in acellular collagen scaffolds containing 0, 20, and 40 vol % HA after subcutaneous ectopic implantation for up to 12 weeks in mice. Endogenous cell populations were able to completely and uniformly infiltrate the entire scaffold within 6 weeks independent of the HA content, but the cell density was increased in scaffolds containing HA versus collagen alone. Angiogenesis, remodeling of the original scaffold matrix, mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression were evident in scaffolds containing HA, but were not observed in collagen scaffolds. Moreover, HA promoted a dose‐dependent increase in measured vascular density, cell density, matrix deposition, and mineralization. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that HA promoted the recruitment and differentiation of endogenous cell populations to support angiogenic and osteogenic activity in collagen scaffolds after subcutaneous ectopic implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2178–2188, 2016.
Enhancements of Trifluoroacetic Acylated Five‐membered Heterocyclic Compounds Using as Additives in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Chung‐Chun , Duann Yeh‐Fang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, five‐membered heterocyclic compounds are trifluoroacetic acylated for the purpose of providing more long pairs to enhance electrolyte in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Four five‐membered heterocyclic compounds will be trifluoroacetic acylated with trifluoroacetic anhydride by Friedel‐Crafts acylation: furan, thiophene, pyrrole and N‐methylpyrrole. The properties will be measured by cyclic voltage (CV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solar simulator, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We find out that furan and thiophene which we add in electrolyte as additives can increase short circuit current and photovoltaic efficiency, and furthermore, all the trifluoroacetic acylated heterocyclic compounds perform better photoelectric abilities than non‐trifluoroacetic acylated one. The photovoltaic efficiency will be increased from 4.439% to 5.197% when 1wt% trifluoroacetic acylated thiophene is added in electrolyte as additives.
Modeling the light attenuation phenomenon during photoautotrophic growth of A. variabilisATCC 29413 in a batch photobioreactor
Authors: Salleh Siti Fatihah , Kamaruddin Azlina , Uzir Mohamad Hekarl , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Shamsuddin Abdul Halim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDLight attenuation in a photobioreactor is an inevitable phenomenon, which creates a heterogeneous radiation field inside the culture. However, few investigations have been carried out on the modeling of periodic light during cyanobacterial cell growth, despite the strong effect of the attenuating light irradiance on cell growth kinetics. The purpose of this work is to analyze the available growth models (Monod, Aiba‐Edwards and Haldane) and to then develop a model that incorporates light attenuation phenomenon.RESULTSThe inhibitory Haldane model was found to be the best model to represent the current experimental data with μmax, KsI and KiI selected as 0.25 h−1, 190 µE m−2 s−1 and 850 µE m−2 s−1, respectively. A new light attenuation model was successfully developed by establishing the relationship between the attenuated light irradiance and the cell concentration. It is applicable to a broad range of light irradiances from 25 to 910 µE m−2 s−1.CONCLUSIONLight inhibition and attenuation imposed significant effects on cyanobacterial growth. The newly developed light attenuation model offers various possible future applications, which include automatic monitoring of the instantaneous cell concentration without the need for manual sampling, and effective optimization of the specific irradiation rate in indoor cultures. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel in vivo mouse model of implant related spine infection
Authors: Dworsky Eric M. , Hegde Vishal , Loftin Amanda H. , Richman Sherif , Hu Yan , Lord Elizabeth , Francis Kevin P. , Miller Lloyd S. , Wang Jeff C. , Scaduto Anthony , Bernthal Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPost‐operative spine infections are a challenge, as hardware must often be retained to prevent destabilization of the spine, and bacteria form biofilm on implants, rendering them inaccessible to antibiotic therapy, and immune cells. A model of posterior‐approach spinal surgery was created in which a stainless steel k‐wire was transfixed into the L4 spinous process of 12‐week‐old C57BL/six mice. Mice were then randomized to receive either one of three concentrations (1 × 102, 1 × 103, and 1 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)) of a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus or normal saline at surgery. The mice were then longitudinally imaged for bacterial bioluminescence to quantify infection. The 1 × 102 CFU group had a decrease in signal down to control levels by POD 25, while the 1 × 103 and 1 × 104 CFU groups maintained a 10‐fold higher signal through POD 35. Bacteria were then harvested from the pin and surrounding tissue for confirmatory CFU counts. All mice in the 1 × 104 CFU group experienced wound breakdown, while no mice in the other groups had this complication. Once an optimal bacterial concentration was determined, mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in their myeloid cells (Lys‐EGFP) were utilized to contemporaneously quantify bacterial burden, and immune response. Neutrophil fluorescence peaked for both groups on POD 3, and then declined. The infected group continued to have a response above the control group through POD 35. This study, establishes a noninvasive in vivo mouse model of spine implant infection that can quantify bacterial burden and host inflammation longitudinally in real time without requiring animal sacrifice. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:193–199, 2017.
A LFER Kinetic Study of The Reaction of 5‐Substituted Orotic Acids with Diazodiphenylmethane
Authors: Assaleh Fathi H. , Marinković Aleksandar D. , Nikolić Jasmina B. , Drmanić Saša Ž. , Brković Danijela , Prlainović Nevena , Jovanović Bratislav Ž. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTLinear free energy relationships (LFER) were applied to the kinetic data for the reaction of 5‐substituted orotic acids, series 1, with diazodiphenylmethane (DDM) in N,N–dimethylformamide and compared with results obtained for 2‐substituted benzoic acids, series 2. The correlation analysis of the kinetic data with σ substituent parameters was carried out using SSP (single substituent parameter) methods. From the sign and value of proportinality constant ρ, lower sensitivity to the substituent effect was obtained in series 1, 0.876, than in the series 2, 1.877. Evaluation of substituent “ortho‐effect” was performed using the Charton model, which includes the steric substituent parameter, and Fujita and Nishioka's model, which describes the total ortho‐effect as contribution of ordinary polar effect, the ortho‐steric and ortho‐polar effects. Results of correlations, obtained by using the Charton model, showed highest contribution of the polar effect, 0.861 vs. 2.101, whereas the steric effect is of lowest significance, 0.117 vs. 0.055, for series 1 and 2, respectively. Also, a low negative value of coefficient with the steric effect, –0.08, obtained from the Fujita–Nishioka model indicated low steric effect, influencing a decrease of the reaction rate in series 1. The structural and substituent effects were also studied by using the density functional theory method, and together with kinetic data, it gave a better insight into the influence of the effect of both geometry and substituent on the π−electron density shift induced reactivity of investigated acids.
Outcomes of recalcitrant idiopathic epistaxis in children: Septoplasty as a surgical treatment
Authors: Levi Jessica M. , McKee‐Cole Katherine M. , Barth Patrick C. , Brody Robert M. , Reilly James S. 
Published: April 2016

Our objective was to measure short‐ and long‐term outcomes of children presenting with recalcitrant idiopathic epistaxis. The study was an 11‐year (2000–2011) retrospective chart review of children evaluated and treated for epistaxis. A retrospective review of patients with diagnostic International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 784.7 (epistaxis) and 21.5/21.88 (septoplasty) was completed reviewing age at presentation, type of surgery, and number of bleeding events prior to and after surgery. In our cohort, almost 100% of children with idiopathic recurrent epistaxis responded to topical treatments. About 0.2% were refractory (20/9239), and 90% of those (18/20) resolved with either a traditional septoplasty (14/20) or modified septoplasty (6/20) without cartilage excision, with a mean follow‐up of 35 months. One of the patients who did not show resolution was found to have Von Willebrand disease, which likely contributed to this outcome. Septoplasty surgery, with or without cartilage removal, appears beneficial for refractory idiopathic epistaxis in children.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2833–2837, 2016
PET/CT findings within the contralateral tonsil following unilateral tonsillectomy
Authors: Hirshoren Nir , Olayos Elizabeth , Callahan Jason , Lau Eddie 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisIn the setting of considerable variation of pharyngeal palatine tonsil fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, we mostly rely on the asymmetry between the left‐ and right‐sided tonsils to identify underlying malignancy. The current study evaluates the FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) findings within the contralateral tonsil among patients who had unilateral tonsillectomy and analyzes the cancer incidence in the contralateral tonsil with high FDG avidity.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study in a single high‐volume tertiary cancer center.MethodsAnalysis of the PET/CT scans performed at Peter MacCallum Cancer Center (Melbourne, Australia) between June 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014.ResultsThe study group consists of 160 patients who underwent 308 postunilateral tonsillectomy FDG PET/CT scans. The majority of unilateral tonsillectomies were undertaken for the treatment or diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (85.1%).The mean follow‐up time succeeding unilateral tonsillectomy was 38.2 months.Ten (6.25%) patients had relatively high contralateral tonsil FDG uptake (mean maximal standardized uptake value 6.9). Only one patient, with localized high FDG uptake but no other high uptake within the Waldeyer's ring and no previous PET/CT for comparison, underwent contralateral tonsillectomy. This was found to be benign. None of the 160 patients, including those nine patients, had developed contralateral tonsil malignancy at the end of the study period.ConclusionPositron emission tomography/computed tomography remains a reliable surveillance tool within the contralateral tonsil following unilateral tonsillectomy. Comparison with previous PET/CT scans and comparison with other subsites within the Waldeyer's ring, in combination with appropriate follow‐up and clinical judgment, facilitate PET/CT high accuracy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2480–2483, 2016