bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waiting time targets and informal professional networks in English NHS
Authors: Guven-Uslu Pinar 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper examines the relationship between key actors in an organisation and informal professional networks. It uses pragmatic constructivism (PC) as a research paradigm together with concepts borrowed from the theory of social networks to investigate how these actors responded to a particular set of non-financial performance targets.

Design/methodology/approach
The implementation process of waiting time targets in the Accident and Emergency Department was observed as part of an in-depth study at a large English National Health Service hospital. The main sources of data were face-to-face interviews with key actors, documentary archival evidence and observation diaries.

Findings
The results indicated that with the effect of information sharing through these networks, implementation methodology switched from systems approach to actors approach. Professional connections between key actors had allowed them to generate their own understanding in responding to new performance measures. As a consequence, the perceptions of other actors in relevant networks, as well as the implementation practices were influenced.

Research limitations/implications
This is a single-site, in-depth case study; hence, the findings are not generalizable.

Practical implications
This study demonstrated just how influential some key actors can be in shaping the implementation of performance measures.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to PC by providing evidence on the influence of informal professional networks and structural holes in shaping organisational topos.
National high‐flow nasal cannula and bronchiolitis survey highlights need for further research and evidence‐based guidelines
Authors: Sokuri Paula , Heikkilä Paula , Korppi Matti 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimHigh‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy provides noninvasive respiratory support for infant bronchiolitis and its use has increased following good clinical experiences. This national study describes HFNC use in Finland during a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic.MethodsA questionnaire on using HFNC for infant bronchiolitis during the 2015–2016 RSV epidemic was sent to the head physicians of 18 Finnish children's hospitals providing inpatient care for infants: 17 hospitals answered, covering 77.5% of the infants born in Finland in 2015.ResultsMost (85%) HFNC was given on paediatric wards. The mean incidence for bronchiolitis treated with HFNC in infants under the age of one in 15 of 17 hospitals was 3.8 per 1000 per year (range: 1.4–8.1): one hospital did not supply the relevant data and one supplied a figure of 34.1 due to a different treatment policy. Instructions on how to start and wean HFNC therapy were present in 71% and 61% of the hospitals, respectively, weighted to the population. Providing weaning instructions was associated with shorter weaning times.ConclusionHigh‐flow nasal cannula was actively used for infants with bronchiolitis, with no substantial overuse. Randomised controlled studies are needed before any evidence‐based guidelines can be constructed for using HFNC in infant bronchiolitis.
Deglaciation and ice shelf development at the northeast margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas chronozone
Authors: Furze Mark F. A. , Pieńkowski Anna J. , McNeely Morgan A. , Bennett Robbie , Cage Alix G. 
Published: June 2017

Core 2011804‐0010 from easternmost Lancaster Sound provides important insights into deglacial timing and style at the marine margin of theNELaurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Spanning 13.2–11.0 cal. kaBPand investigated for ice‐rafted debris (IRD), foraminifera, biogenic silica and total organic carbon, the stratigraphy comprises a lithofacies progression from proximal grounding line and sub‐ice shelf environments to open glaciomarine deposition; a sequence similar to deposits from Antarctic ice shelves. These results are the first marine evidence of a former ice shelf in the eastern Northwest Passage and are consistent with a preceding phase of ice streaming in eastern Lancaster Sound. Initial glacial float‐off and retreat occurred >13.2 cal. kaBP, followed by formation of an extensive deglacial ice shelf during the Younger Dryas, which acted to stabilize the retreating margin of theNE LISuntil 12.5 cal. kaBP.IRDanalyses of sub‐ice shelf facies indicate initial high input from source areas on northern Baffin Island delivered to Lancaster Sound by a tributary ice stream in Admiralty Inlet. After ice shelf break‐up, Bylot Island became the dominant source area. Foraminifera are dominated by characteristic ice‐proximal glaciomarine benthics (Cassidulina reniforme,Elphidium excavatumf.clavata), complemented by advected Atlantic water (Cassidulina neoteretis,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma) and enhanced current indicators (Lobatula lobatula). The biostratigraphy further supports the ice shelf model, with advection of sparse faunas beneath the ice shelf, followed by increased productivity under open water glaciomarine conditions. The absence of Holocene sediments in the core suggests that the uppermost deposits were removed, most likely due to mass transport resulting from the site's proximity to modern tidewater glacier margins. Collectively, this study presents important new constraints on the deglacial behaviour of theNELaurentide Ice Sheet, with implications for past ice sheet stability, ice‐rafted sediment delivery, and ice−ocean interactions in this complex archipelago setting.
Why are flowers sweeter than fruits or buds? Variation in extrafloral nectar secretion throughout the floral ontogeny of a myrmecophile
Authors: Villamil Nora 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExtrafloral nectar provision during floral ontogeny in ant‐plants has not been widely studied. Extrafloral nectar secretion differed between leaves associated with buds, flowers, and fruits, and peaked during anthesis when pollinators were present. This ontogenetic variation may result from mixed selective pressures involving strategies for defense and mutualist management.
State transitions: a major mortality risk for seasonal species
Authors: Landes Julie , Perret Martine , Hardy Isabelle , Camarda Carlo Giovanni , Henry Pierre‐Yves , Pavard Samuel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAgeing results from the accumulation of multifactorial damage over time. However, the temporal distribution of this damage remains unknown. In seasonal species, transitions between seasons are critical periods of massive physiological remodelling. We hypothesised that these recurrent peaks of physiological remodelling are costly in terms of survival. We tested whether captive small primates exposed to an experimentally increased frequency of seasonal transitions die sooner than individuals living under natural seasonality. The results show that experiencing one additional season per year increases the mortality hazard by a factor of 3 to 4, whereas the expected number of seasons lived is only slightly impacted by the seasonal rhythm. These results demonstrate that physiological transitions between periods of high and low metabolic activity represent a major mortality risk for seasonal organisms, which has been ignored until now.
Perisylvian, including insular, childhood epilepsy: Presurgical workup and surgical outcome
Authors: Freri Elena , Matricardi Sara , Gozzo Francesca , Cossu Massimo , Granata Tiziana , Tassi Laura 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo report the presurgical workup, surgical procedures, and outcomes in a series of pediatric patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy involving the perisylvian/insular regions.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 16 pediatric patients affected by drug‐resistant focal epilepsy involving perisylvian/insular regions, who consecutively underwent tailored resective surgery. All patients underwent a detailed presurgical workup, which included the analysis of the anatomoelectroclinical correlations with scalp electroencephalography (EEG)and/or with stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and comprehensive cognitive and neuropsychological evaluations. After surgery, all patients underwent serial clinical and laboratory evaluations.ResultsFocal motor seizures restricted to perioral area, associated with symptoms related to the surrounding areas (as auditory hallucinations, unpleasant paresthesia, fear, and epigastric sensation), characterized the ictal semiology in 75% of patients. In 50%, autonomic manifestations were present and in 56% subjective manifestations were reported. The 50% of the patients underwentSEEGwith insular sampling to better define the epileptogenic zone. In all patients, the insular cortex was always part of the epileptogenic zone, and tailored resections also involved, with variable degree, the frontal, parietal, and temporal opercula. Preoperatively, the neuropsychological assessment revealed impairments in specific cognitive functions and mild or moderate cognitive compromise in 88% of the patients. Postoperatively, one patient had permanent slight hemiparesis. At the most recent follow‐up (median 39 months), seizure outcome was satisfactory in 69% of patients: seven patients were completely seizure‐free (Engel class Ia), two were free of disabling seizure (class Ic), and two had rare disabling seizures (classII). The cognitive functioning remained unchanged in 62%, and improved in 38%.SignificanceThe assessment of perisylvian/insular epilepsy in children is particularly challenging. However, tailored resections based on a careful presurgical evaluation, includingSEEGrecording, may lead to a good seizure control and to a better overall outcome.
THE FREE GERMAN LEAGUE OF CULTURE'S KLEINE SAMMLUNG 1946: FIRST AND LAST WORDS
Authors: Brinson Charmian 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the final literary publication in British exile of the London‐based Free German League of Culture, Kleine Sammlung 1946: Gedichte, Erzählungen, Reproduktionen. Appearing at the point when many political exiles were awaiting permits to return to Germany, this collection of short literary works by eleven writers sets out its aims as twofold: it was conceived as the FGLC's first anthology for readers in Germany as well as their last words in British exile. The paper concludes that, on the one hand, exile appears to have made little impact on the work of these particular writers while, on the other, the little volume's impact on post‐war Germany was probably minimal. Nevertheless, it is posited that the very fact that during the Third Reich the exiled writers had represented free German culture outside Germany, as stressed in the preface of the Kleine Sammlung, would have been significant for a post‐war German readership. Finally, in light of the writers’ declared wish in 1946 to return to Germany, the paper considers their various final destinations.Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der letzten literarischen Publikation im britischen Exil des Londoner Freien Deutschen Kulturbunds, Kleine Sammlung 1946: Gedichte, Erzählungen, Reproduktionen. Es handelt sich hier um eine Anthologie von kurzen literarischen Beiträgen von elf Schriftstellern, die gerade zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Genehmigung zur Rückkehr in die Heimat erwarteten. Die Anthologie setzt sich ein zweifaches Ziel: zum einen sollte sie das erste Werk des FDKB sein, das sich an die Leser in Deutschland wandte, zum anderen sollte sie die letzten Worte der Beiträger im britischen Exil darstellen. Der Artikel gelangt zu der Anschauung, dass sich einerseits das Exil nur zu einem geringen Maße auf die Werke der Schriftsteller auswirkte, und dass andererseits die Wirkung der kleinen Anthologie auf Nachkriegsdeutschland wohl minimal war. Es wird jedoch vorausgesetzt, dass es für die deutsche Nachkriegs‐Leserschaft immerhin von Bedeutung gewesen sein müsste, dass die exilierten Schriftsteller während des Dritten Reiches die freie deutsche Kultur im Ausland vertraten, wie im Vorwort zur Kleinen Sammlung betont wird. Schließlich befasst sich dieser Artikel, in Anbetracht des erklärten Wunsches der Schriftsteller im Jahre 1946, nach Deutschland zurückzukehren, mit ihren verschiedenen Endbestimmungen.
GÜNTER GRASS'S ‘IM KREBSGANG’ AND THE NOVELLE: REFRAMING THE NARRATIVE FRAME
Authors: Swales Martin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the literary‐generic implications of Günter Grass's ‘Im Krebsgang’, which has as its subtitle ‘Novelle’. Central to the story is the issue of how appropriately to commemorate German wartime suffering – in this case the sinking of a ship, the Wilhelm Gustloff, in January 1945 with a huge loss of civilian life. The story has a second subtitle, which is ‘in memoriam’. Grass combines real historical events and people with fictional events and people. In his intertextual employment of the Novelle genre he suggests that the traditional narrative frame finds its contemporary counterpart in the internet with its websites and chatrooms. The profusion of anonymous statements which circulate there amounts to an exponential growth in oral history; but the danger is that rabidly right‐wing propaganda in commemoration of German wartime suffering can be freely disseminated.Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die literarisch‐genetischen Implikationen von Günter Grass’ Erzählung ‘Im Krebsgang’, die im Untertitel als ‘Novelle’ bezeichnet wird. Das zentrale thematische Anliegen ist die Frage, ob und wie man die Zerstörung eines Schiffes im Januar 1945, der Wilhelm Gustloff , mit einem immensen Verlust an deutschen Zivilisten gebührend schildern und ihrer gedenken kann. Die Erzählung, die einen zweiten Untertitel – ‘in memoriam’ – hat, kombiniert echte historische Ereignisse und Figuren mit fiktiven Ereignissen und Figuren. Die Gattung Novelle wird intertextuell evoziert, vor allem um das Nachleben der traditionellen Rahmensituation in den verschiedenen Formen zeitgenössischer Cyberkultur – im Internet mit seinen Webseiten und Chatrooms – zu betonen. Dort herrscht eine Unmenge anonymer Schilderungen und Stellungnahmen: die Oralgeschichte floriert. Es besteht aber die Gefahr, dass das Leiden der deutschen Zivilbevölkerung von rechtsradikalen Kreisen vereinnahmt und propagandistisch manipuliert wird.
RHYTHM AND ITS ABSENCE IN MODERN POLITICS AND MUSIC*
Authors: White Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis piece reflects on the significance of periodic time structures in the institutions of modern democracy, drawing inspiration from the theorisation of rhythm in music. Three features of rhythm are discussed using the concepts of temporal integration, coordination and rationalisation. Each helps us understand how the institutionalisation of periodicity has helped underpin the democratic principle of legitimate opposition. As contemporary political developments tend to disrupt such rhythms, legitimate opposition becomes harder to maintain.Unter Rückgriff auf die musikwissenschaftliche Theoretisierung von Rhythmus reflektiert dieser Artikel über die Bedeutung periodischer Zeitstrukturen für die Institutionen moderner Demokratien. Es werden drei Eigenschaften von Rhythmus diskutiert: zeitliche Integration, Koordination und Rationalisierung. Jeder dieser Begriffe hilft uns zu verstehen, wie die Institutionalisierung von Periodizität zur Untermauerung des demokratischen Prinzips der legitimen Opposition beigetragen hat. Die Tendenz zeitgenössischer politischer Entwicklungen, solche Rhythmen zu durchbrechen, erschwert somit die Aufrechterhaltung legitimer Opposition.
Subcutaneous defibrillators for dialysis patients
Authors: Vachharajani Tushar J. , Salman Loay , Costanzo Eric J. , Mehandru Sushil K. , Patel Mayurkumar , Calderon Dawn M. , Mathew Roy O. , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Asif Arif 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDefibrillation can be successfully provided by the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) without the leads. In contrast, traditional ICDs require leads that can cause central venous stenosis, lead‐induced endocarditis, and carry the risk of tricuspid regurgitation by valve adhesion, perforation, coaptation interference, or entanglement. Central venous stenosis, infection, and tricuspid regurgitation are all critically important considerations in hemodialysis patients. Recent reports are supporting the use of subcutaneous ICDs in renal patients maintained on long‐term hemodialysis. This article provides the risks associated with leads of traditional defibrillators and raises awareness of the subcutaneous ICD and their benefits for hemodialysis patients.
Oral cancer screening practices of Canadian dental hygienists
Authors: Clarke AK , Kobagi N , Yoon MN 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates whether dental hygienists are routinely conducting oral cancer screenings (OCSs) as per their professional capability and responsibility. Factors that may mediate provision of OCSs, and ability to discuss sensitive topics with patients, are also examined.MethodsA pretested online questionnaire was sent via national and provincial regulatory bodies to target practicing registered dental hygienists across Canada. Analysis was conducted using statistical software.ResultsResults of 256 surveys were analysed. Sixty‐four per cent of dental hygienists listed an OCS as part of their regular process of care. Except for the initial examination, respondents were significantly more likely to report being responsible for the OCS than the dentist, P<.001. On average, intraoral components are inspected at higher frequencies (96%) than extraoral components (73%). Confidence in OCS technique was high (70%). The majority felt prepared by their education to conduct OCSs (60%), but those with a bachelor's degree felt more prepared than those with a diploma, P=.005. The average time to conduct an OCS is 4.09 minutes, with most agreeing there is sufficient time in an appointment (57%). Only 37% felt their education prepared them to discuss sensitive topics, level of education had no effect, P>.05. Only 43% of respondents felt confident in their human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and comfortable discussing HPV risk factors with patients.ConclusionDental hygienists in this study are regularly conducting OCSs; however, they lack comfort discussing sensitive topics such as transmission of oral HPV, and screenings may not be fully comprehensive.
Improvement in thermomechanical properties of off‐grade natural magnesite by addition of Y2O3
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Nath Mithun , Roy Utpal , Ghosh Arup , Tripathi Himansu Sekhar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSmall amount of Y2O3 (0‐3 wt%) was added into off‐grade natural magnesite and its effects on the phase assemblage, microstructural evolution in correlation with mechanical and thermomechanical properties were investigated. Presence of Y2O3 facilitated the formation of calcium yttrium silicate and yttrialite phases, which prohibited the formation of detrimental‐phase monticellite, which was gradually reduced with the increase in Y2O3 content. Y2O3 promoted periclase grain growth and segregated the secondary phases at triple‐point junction of periclase grains. Also, high‐temperature (at 1200°C) flexural strength of the samples increased from 77.2 MPa (without Y2O3) to 137.45 MPa with the addition of 2 wt% Y2O3. Greater degree of direct bonding among periclase grains, compact microstructure, and uniform grain size distribution in addition to reduced amount of monticellite were responsible for the improvement in mechanical and thermomechanical properties.
Evaluation of dynamic viscosity and rheological properties of ceramic materials during liquid phase sintering by numerical‐experimental procedure
Authors: Nasrabadi Hamed Yaghoubi , Salahi Esmaeil , Taati Asil Fateme 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effective shear and bulk viscosity, as well as dynamic viscosity, describe the rheological properties of the ceramic body during the liquid phase sintering process. The rheological parameters depend on the physical and thermo‐mechanical characteristics of the material such as relative density, temperature, grain size, diffusion coefficient, and activation energy. In this paper, the numerical‐experimental method has been developed to study both viscous and rheological behavior of hard porcelain ceramic body during liquid phase sintering. The other aim is to acquire a complete understanding of the response of an incompressible viscose material during sintering such as stress‐strain relations, sintering, and hydrostatic stress. Densification results confirmed that the bulk viscosity was well‐defined with relative density. The stress analysis proved that the sintering stress is more than the hydrostatic stress during the entire sintering time so, the sintering process occurs completely. Deflection results showed that the shear viscosity was a fair estimation of real ones. Dilatometry, SEM, XRD investigations as well as bulk viscosity simulation results confirmed that the “mullitisation plateau” was presented as a very little extraordinary expansion at the final sintering stage.
The implications of direct participation for organisational commitment, job satisfaction and affective psychological well‐being: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Gallie Duncan , Zhou Ying , Felstead Alan , Green Francis , Henseke Golo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe article examines the implications of direct participation for employees' organisational commitment, job satisfaction and affective psychological well‐being. It focuses on both task discretion and organisational participation. Applying fixed effect models to nationally representative longitudinal data, the study provides a more rigorous assessment of the conflicting claims for the effects of participation that have hitherto been based primarily on cross‐sectional evidence. Further, it tests a range of mechanisms by which direct participation leads to improved employee outcomes. Contrary to the critical literature, it shows that even after controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity, both forms of direct participation have positive effects for employees' organisational commitment and well‐being. The effects of task discretion are primarily direct, reflecting the intrinsic importance of personal control over the job task; in contrast, those of organisational participation derive to a greater extent from its indirect effect on the quality of working conditions.