bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Change in Density of Nodular Cast Iron During Solidification Using Cellular Automaton / Modelowanie Zmian Gęstości Żeliwa Sferoidalnego Podczas Krystalizacji Za Pomocą Automatu Komórkowego
Authors: Wróbel M. , Burbelko A. , Gurgul D. 
Published: January 2016

Density change occurring in ductile iron castings is a phenomenon far more complicated than in other casting alloys. Initially, graphite nodules grow directly from liquid phase. That is the reason for decrease in alloy density and casting expansion. Decaying carbon concentration in liquid phase adjacent to graphite nodules favours growth of austenite, which covers them isolating from the liquid. In order for graphite to grow further diffusion of carbon through thickening solid solution layer is needed. At this time expansion fades and shrinkage begins. Industrial experience shows that whether or not shrinkage defects in ductile iron castings will occur depends on wall thickness.
In the paper an attempt to identify mechanism of shrinkage porosity formation in nodular iron castings during solidification was made. To that end a two-dimension simulation of binary Fe-C system solidification by cellular automaton method was carried out. Using data obtained with Thermo-CALC software, dependencies of temperature on density for each present phase were determined. For liquid phase and austenite influence of carbon concentration on density was also appended. Applying those relationships to the model, density of each individual cell of used grid as well as mean value for whole analysed region were assessed. The method allowed to consider volume fractions of phases and heterogeneity of solid and liquid solutions to find the mean density of the material.
The paper presents results of computer simulation of nodular iron density change, with eutectic saturation of 0,9 to 1,1.
Skew Bending of Aircraft Fuselage Panels with “L” and “C” Stringers Mounted by Hybrid Joint / Ukośne Zginanie Poszycia Samolotu Z U Sztywnieniami Typu “L” I “C”, Mocowanymi Za Pomocą Złącza Hybrydowego
Authors: Sadowski T. , Golewski P. 
Published: January 2016

A section of fuselage skin with dimension 30 x 200 mm was subjected to numerical study and loaded by skew bending (Fig. 3). The thickness of the skin was 0,6 mm, the length of a leg of an angle “L” profile stringer was 12 mm with 1mm thickness. The angle of inclination α of the load plane to the skin plane varies in the range from 10° to 90° with 10° increment. The elastic - plastic material model of D16T aluminum alloy was used in simulations of the fuselage skin as well as for “L” and “C” profile stringers. In the material model description damage of aluminum alloy was taken into account. An adhesive layer with thickness of 0,1mm was modeled using cohesive elements with the failure mode depending on the shear strength and the tensile strength.The paper presents a comparative analysis of the considered structural elements with application of the unsymmetrical “L” profile or the symmetrical “C” profile with the same cross section area.All numerical studies were performed in Abaqus program. Finally, one can conclude that the stiffness of the structural element with application of the symmetrical “C” profile stringer is stronger, whereas the mechanical response of both versions of the hybrid joint significantly depends on the angle of load inclination α.
The Influence of Impeller Geometry on the Gas Bubbles Dispersion in Uro-200 Reactor – RTD Curves / Wpływ Rodzaju Wirnika Na Dyspersję Pęcherzyków Gazowych W Reaktorze URO-200 – Krzywe Mieszania
Authors: Saternus M. , Merder T. , Pieprzyca J. 
Published: January 2016

URO-200 reactor belongs to batch reactors used in refining process of aluminium and its alloys in polish foundries. The appropriate level of hydrogen removal from liquid aluminium can be obtained when the mixing of inert gas bubbles with liquid metal is uniform. Thus, the important role is played by the following parameters: flow rate of refining gas, geometry of the impeller, rotary impeller speed.
The article presents the results of research conducted on physical model of URO-200 reactor. The NaCl tracer was introduced to water (modelling liquid aluminium) and then the conductivity was measured. Basing on the obtained results the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves were determined. The measurements were carried out for two different rotary impellers, flow rate equaled 5, 10, 15 and 20 dm3/min and rotary impeller speed from 250 to 400 rpm every 50 rpm.
Properties of the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Round Bars Obtained in Different Rolling Processes / Własności Prętów Okrągłych Ze Stopu Magnezu AZ31 Otrzymanych W Różnych Procesach Walcowania
Authors: Stefanik A. , Szota P. , Mróz S. , Bajor T. , Dyja H. 
Published: January 2016

Currently magnesium alloy bars are manufactured mainly in the extrusion process. This method has some drawbacks, which include: low process capacity, considerable energy demand, small length of finished products. Therefore it is purposeful to develop efficient methods for manufacturing of Mg alloy products in the form of bars, such methods include groove rolling and three-high skew rolling processes. Modified stretching passes provide change in material plastic flow, which contributes to the occurrence of the better distribution of stress and strain state than in the case of rolling in classical stretching passes. One of the modern method of Mg alloy bars production is rolling in a three-high skew rolling mill, which allows to set in a single pass a larger deformation compared to the rolling in the stretching passes.
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the AZ31 round bars production in the modified stretching passes and in the three-high skew rolling mill. The study of microstructural changes, hardness and the static tensile tests were made for as-cast and ready-rolled bars in both analyzed technologies.
The Influence of Features of Aluminium Alloys 2024, 6061 and 7075 on the Properties of Glare-Type Composites / Wpływ Właściwości Stopów Aluminium 2024, 6061, 7075 Na Cechy Kompozytu Typu Glare
Authors: Wilk M.S. , Śliwa R.E. 
Published: January 2016

The above paper presents the assumptions and results of the research whose aim was to determine the influence of 2024, 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys on the final properties of GLARE-type composites. GLARE 3 2/1 type composites, made of two layers of the epoxy prepreg, reinforced with unidirectional glass fibers, arranged in the direction of 0°/90°, and two sheets of aluminum with a thickness of 0.4 mm, were investigated. Composites of various stacking configurations of alloy layers, made of one type of aluminum alloy (so-called ‘homogeneous composites’), and two different alloys (mixed composites), were analyzed. The properties of the composites were evaluated with the use of the mixing rule and compared with the test results.
The influence of the used aluminum alloys on mechanical properties of GLARE-type composites has been determined. GLARE-type composite made of 7075 alloy sheets had the most favorable mechanical properties in comparison to properties of composites with 2024 and 6061 sheets. It has been shown how the properties of GLARE-type composites depend on the type of the aluminum alloy. It has been also proved that the properties of GLARE-type composites can be evaluated with the use of the mixing rule.
Effect of Broiler Breeders’ Age on Eggshell Temperature, Embryo Viability and Hatchability Parameters
Authors: Nowaczewski Sebastian , Babuszkiewicz Mateusz , Kaczmarek Sebastian 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze eggshell temperature, embryo viability, and hatchability parameters of broiler breeders at different ages (26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, and 46-64 weeks). A total of 33,150 eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeders collected from commercial flocks were used to analyze the following: egg weight and egg weight loss during 18 days of incubation; eggshell temperature controlled on days 3, 14, and 18 of incubation; number of infertile eggs including eggs with dead embryos at early stages of development, that is, in the oviduct or after oviposition; the total percentage of embryonic mortality and the percentage of embryonic mortality at different times of incubation; unhatched, dead after hatching, and culled chicks as well as hatchability percentage from fertilized eggs. The hatchability results of Ross 308 broiler breeders were high from the beginning of reproductive season till the 40th week. However, the study failed to reveal any relationships between hatchability and the egg weight, average temperature of the shell, and egg weight loss during incubation period. The oldest hens, over 45 weeks of age, had the highest mortality of chicks and the greatest share of unhatched chicks.
Improving Teamwork Skills of the Students by Extra Curricular Activities
Authors: Robescu Lacramioara Diana , Manea Elena Elisabeta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Teamwork skills become increasingly a pre-requisite for employment success. All employers want to recruit graduates who are able to cooperate, share ideas and knowledge, solve problems, quickly adapt to new situation and work in teams. Romanian educational system is mainly based on the individual study, but it has to adapt to this request. The paper presents two different extra curricular activities that were organized in University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Faculty of Power Engineering, in order to develop these skills on the students. The students had to work together two weeks to develop a project, but in one of them they worked without having to physically be together at all times, by using the internet as the main communication method. Both events involved students or young graduates from different countries. The Romanian students never had an experience like these before, they were very enthusiastic and they really appreciated the skills and knowledge gained in these events.
An Important Factor of Research University Development: the Role of a pre-Masters Program for International Students
Authors: Guzarova Nadejda I. , Kashkan Galina V. , Soon Lisa , Shakhova Nina B. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper considers the important practicality, scientific and methodological principles in the design of the pre-masters program in National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (or simply TPU). TPU is a university that mainly provides technical education, particularly education in engineering, science and technology disciplines. The design of the pre-masters program also considers the incorporation of educational technology for its realization for the international students, who received the bachelor’s degrees in other countries in English language and want to study masters programs in Russian language in Russia. According to the results of a comparative analysis that explored the experiences of the international students from English-speaking and Russian-speaking universities in the world within their pre-bachelors and pre-masters programs, this paper explains the differences between these programs and the specific features of the pre-masters programs. Further, this paper reports the analysis results of the implementation, monitoring and outcomes of the pre-masters program in TPU. It also presents some proposals for its further development.
Instrument for the Visualization and Evaluation of the Intellectual Property Assets in the Knowledge Based Economy
Authors: Ţîţu Mihail Aurel , Oprean Constantin , Răulea Andreea Simina , Ţîţu Ştefan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The intellectual property is a concept of whose content and materialization find themselves more and more in the attention of the researchers and practitioners. The increased number of the works that approach such an issue is the argument that supports the previous affirmation. The intellectual property assets attract the interest of all the organizations from the local to the global level. The important pillars of the European Strategy 2020 formulated by the European Commission are based on the capitalization of the innovation knowledge and of the intellectual property. The increased interest towards innovation and intangible assets is given to the awareness of their economic potential. This is the reason why the evaluation and the valuation of the intellectual property capitalization propose an evaluation methodology unanimously accepted. The aim of this article is to present a visualization and evaluation instrument for the intellectual property assets, realized in a framework of a European research project with 15 partners from countries that are situated in the South Eastern Europe.
Internship and Private Fellowship: Why is it Difficult for Companies to Find Suitable Candidates?
Authors: Rusu Bogdan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This exploratory study aims to identify the factors that prevent companies to find suitable candidates for private fellowships and internships: what students believe to be the causes, how would they explain these and which stakeholders should be involved to eliminate them. Data collection based on a sample of 18 engineering students that attended a company presentation inviting applications for private fellowship and student practice. Opinions were expressed in writing prior to structured interviews and group discussions. Limitations to this study are the relatively small sample size (n =18) and reliance on self-report measures. Information related causes were perceived by the students to lead their decisions, followed by lack of self-confidence of successful application for the grant. Respondents were classified in „Doers”, „Wishers “and „Lagers”. Universities must reinvent themselves in order to provide students with better knowledge and confidence on the job market, measured through a larger number of doers, which could become role models for wishers. Such process may generate a “critical mass” or tipping point in the transformation of a significant number of “wishers and lagers”. Whilst some of the students’ opinions are subjective, cooperation between universities and companies must continue to improve in order to enhance learning and better prepare students for their future careers.
Worldwide Good Practices in Managing the Orientation of Technical Education Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Costache Cătălina , Dumitrascu Dănuţ Dumitru 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Our study aims to provide a global picture of good sustainable practices and initiatives in the field of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). In order to outline the major positive practices worldwide, a document analysis was performed on international relevant documents (reports, academic studies, guides, rules and regulations, work papers). This method was complemented by discussions with local representatives of school administration, who provided specific evidence on curricular and extracurricular activities conducted locally. Our findings confirm that various sustainable initiatives in TVET took place at an international level, mostly involving multiple stakeholders in the public sector, private sector and civil society. However, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of these initiatives due to the unequal cooperation of several countries in responding to the UNESCO questionnaires, and to the targets they address. Many of the initiatives outlined in our study appear to have a strong cultural and ethnical dimension. The organization of such examples of good practices according to the different types of learning systems (formal, non-formal and informal education) provides a large framework for different Education actors at international, national and local level, allowing them to inspire when making policies decisions to integrate Sustainable Development in Technical educational courses.
“Internet of Things” Contribution to Electrical Energy Efficiency and Society Eco-Education
Authors: Streltov Roman , Bogdan Mihai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the place and possible contribution of “Internet of Things” (IoT) in the context of the EU’s ambitious climate and energy targets for 2020. Using qualitative methodology we are mainly focusing on Demand Side Management (DSM) as an effective method in balancing the load of Electrical Distribution Networks.
The role of IoT in DSM is to enable and enhance electrical energy peak demand reduction and its maximum uniform time-distribution achieved through society’s eco-education. Using computational tools such as Data Mining and Recommender System we can achieve results at the level of electrical energy distribution network reflected in peak reduction and its uniform time distribution.
Driving Simulators for Human Vehicle Interaction Design
Authors: Tucă Alexandra , Croitorescu Valerian , Oprean Mircea , Brandemeir Thomas 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The interaction human-vehicle, as well as driver’s behavior are subject long debated in the automotive engineering domain. Driving simulators have an extraordinary important role allowing research that would not be possible to study in real world scenarios.
A driver uses his sensory inputs to obtain the required input to base his decision on. The bandwidth of the required input signal should be in accordance to the driver’s task. For simple tasks, like turning on the screen wipers or direction indicator, low frequency information is sufficient. High frequency information is required when cornering on a busy road or when driving in relatively limit situations.
The optimal configuration of each sub-system remains a significant cause for debate and still poses a major challenge when considering the ability of simulators to extract realistic driver behavior. If a difference is observed between real and virtual conditions, the factors specifically cause these differences are very difficult to be explained.
A Model for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Application Potential in Management
Authors: Pascadi Mihai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Systems’ modeling represents a valuable management instrument. The paper proposes a possible modeling method for the behavior of economic (or other type of) non-linear dynamic systems.
To this end, it uses a particular (input-state-output) vector sample based function to approximate the n-dimensional vector field describing the modeled system.
The paper presents the approximation algorithm that was developed and further tested with good results on a limited (yet) set of data.
The approach enables the development of future trainable models, convergent to the “to be modeled” systems, task considered the next step to be done.
The main benefit resides in the possibility to develop models in order to simulate and predict evolutions, may it be the evolution of a product in a market, of an institution/company in its environment or of another economic sub-system of interest.
Designing a Hardware Platform for Training Operators of Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Călin Neamţu , Achelariţei Camelia , Anghel Ion , Bodi Ştefan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Critical infrastructures could endanger the trainees’ lives and/or the environment. The nature of these infrastructures often does not allow staff training in real situations. This paper presents the processes involved in designing a virtual reality platform (hardware and software) to provide a safe training environment, which is believed to be able to better support in the training of staff involved in critical infrastructures. The design of this training platform includes the considerations and adoption of an innovation algorithm based on the TRIZ method. The paper addresses the training process of personnel who operate offshore drilling facilities. The platform is in the physical development stage within the CREVIS project and it will allow personnel training from critical infrastructures in a mixed environment: real / virtual.
An improved and sustainable approach for the synthesis of α,β-dibromo ketones using ceric ammonium nitrate and ammonium bromide
Authors: Totawar Balaji B. , Kulkarni Pramod S. , Pudukulathan Zubaidha K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A simple and environmentally benign procedure for the bromination of substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones in good yield has been described using ammonium bromide as a brominating agent and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a single-electron oxidant to afford α,β-dibromoketones. The reaction involves C-Br bond formation by radical method generated by CAN. The reaction can be carried out by either at room temperature, stirring in solvent CH3CN or under aqueous moist condition with few drops of water by manual grinding in a mortar and pestle.
Determination of the stability constant of the calcium binding ligand in black liquor (BL) by potentiometric titration
Authors: Granholm Kim , Sokalski Tomasz , Lewenstam Andrzej , Ivaska Ari 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The calcium binding ligand in black liquor (BL) has been investigated by the new CSSP (circumvention of slope and standard potential) method, which converts the potential of an ion-selective electrode to concentration or activity. The advantage of this approach is that the knowledge about the electrode standard potential and the slope of the calibration curve is not needed. Instead, two activities of calcium ion on the titration curve have to be estimated, for instance the starting activity before the titration begins and the activity at the end of the titration in presence of a large excess of the titrant. A solid-contact Ca2+-selective electrode was used to determine the stability constant of the Ca binding ligand in BL. In addition, the concentration of free and bound calcium was determined. The total Ca concentration obtained by the CSSP approach agreed well to that obtained by the ICP-OES technique. Other metal ions did not influence the determination if the BL concentration is around 3%.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-5-carboxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ2
O:N)-cobalt(II)]dihydrate, C26H24N2O12Co
Authors: Zhao Yan , Hu Xu-Ze , Li Shi-Hui 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
C26H24N2O12Co, triclinic, P1̅, a = 6.892(3) Å, b = 8.469(4) Å, c = 11.306(5) Å, α = 86.963(6)°, β = 88.691(5)°, γ = 85.404(6)°, V = 694.14(15) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0561, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1319, T = 293(2) K.
The hidden meanings in the case law of the European Court for Human Rights
Authors: Ervo Laura 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn my paper, I will study the case law of the European Court of Human Rights by using discourse analysis as a method. My hypothesis is that the court has changed its line concerning the right to a fair trial (in article 6 of the European Convention for Human Rights) over the last twenty years. Earlier, it always defended the rights of the accused and the authorities’ problems, for instance, in fact gathering, were recessive. The same covered the rights of the witnesses even if the court usually confessed that also the witness has their rights, which should be respected. It also stressed that authorities of course have difficulties with proof – for example – the offences that are connected with the organized crime. Still, the rights of defense were always number one and inviolate. During recent years, the line seems to have changed even if the court has not transparently said so. However, it has given some new precedents by the Grand Chamber where the rights of the defense have been limited more than before; for instance, the cases Jalloh v. Germany (11 July 2006), Gäfgen v. Germany (1 June 2010), and Al-Khawaja and Tahery v. Great Britain (15 December 2011). The expressions used in case law show that the way of thinking has changed as well. Still, the changes are sometimes more hidden than transparent where discourse analysis is the only tool for catching the changes and showing differences in the thinking of the court.