bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Enhanced Evaluation of a Robust Anaphor Resolution Algorithm
Authors: Stuckardt Roland 
Published: July 2002

Syntactic coindexing restrictions are by now known to be of central importance to practical anaphor resolution approaches. Since, in particular due to structural ambiguity, the assumption of the availability of a unique syntactic reading proves to be unrealistic, robust anaphor resolution relies on techniques to overcome this deficiency. This paper describes the ROSANA approach, which generalizes the verification of coindexing restrictions in order to make it applicable to the deficient syntactic descriptions that are provided by a robust state-of-the-art parser. By a formal evaluation on two corpora that differ with respect to text genre and domain, it is shown that ROSANA achieves high-quality robust coreference resolution. Moreover, by an in-depth analysis, it is proven that the robust implementation of syntactic disjoint reference is nearly optimal. The study reveals that, compared with approaches that rely on shallow preprocessing, the largely nonheuristic disjoint reference algorithmization opens up the possibility for a slight improvement. Furthermore, it is shown that more significant gains are to be expected elsewhere, particularly from a text-genre-specific choice of preference strategies. The performance study of the ROSANA system crucially rests on an enhanced evaluation methodology for coreference resolution systems, the development of which constitutes the second major contribution of the paper. As a supplement to the model-theoretic scoring scheme that was developed for the Message Understanding Conference (MUC) evaluations, additional evaluation measures are defined that, on one hand, support the developer of anaphor resolution systems, and, on the other hand, shed light on application aspects of pronoun interpretation.
VI. Genome Structure and Cognitive Map of Williams Syndrome
Authors: Korenberg Julie R. , Chen Xiao-Ning , Hirota Hamao , Lai Zona , Bellugi Ursula , Burian Dennis , Roe Bruce , Matsuoka Rumiko 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Williams syndrome (WMS) is a most compelling model of human cognition, of human genome organization, and of evolution. Due to a deletion in chromosome band 7q11.23, subjects have cardiovascular, connective tissue, and neurode-velopmental deficits. Given the striking peaks and valleys in neurocognition including deficits in visual-spatial and global processing, preserved language and face processing, hypersociability, and heightened affect, the goal of this work has been to identify the genes that are responsible, the cause of the deletion, and its origin in primate evolution. To do this, we have generated an integrated physical, genetic, and transcriptional map of the WMS and flanking regions using multicolor metaphase and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and P1 artificial chromosomes (PACs), BAC end sequencing, PCR gene marker and microsatellite, large-scale sequencing, cDNA library, and database analyses. The results indicate the genomic organization of the WMS region as two nested duplicated regions flanking a largely single-copy region. There are at least two common deletion breakpoints, one in the centromeric and at least two in the telomeric repeated regions. Clones anchoring the unique to the repeated regions are defined along with three new pseudogene families. Primate studies indicate an evolutionary hot spot for chromosomal inversion in the WMS region. A cognitive phenotypic map of WMS is presented, which combines previous data with five further WMS subjects and three atypical WMS subjects with deletions; two larger (deleted for D7S489L) and one smaller, deleted for genes telomeric to FZD9, through LIMK1, but not WSCR1 or telomeric. The results establish regions and consequent gene candidates for WMS features including mental retardation, hypersociability, and facial features. The approach provides the basis for defining pathways linking genetic underpinnings with the neuroanatomical, functional, and behavioral consequences that result in human cognition.
Self-Organizing Dynamics of Lexical Access in Normals and Aphasics
Authors: McNellis Mark G. , Blumstein Sheila E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The goal of this article is to illustrate the application of self-organizing dynamics in the design of a model of lexical access. We focus particularly on the mapping of sound structure on to the lexicon and the influence of that structure on lexical access. The approach is tested in a series of two sets of simulations that explicate how lexical access might occur in normal subjects and aphasic patients. Both sets of simulations address the behavioral effects of both phonological and phonetic variability of prime stimuli on the magnitude of semantic priming. Results show that the model can successfully account for the behavioral effects associated with several kinds of acoustic manipulation, competitor presence, and the unfolding of those effects over time—primarily because it balances three important control parameters: resting lexical activation, positive feedback, and negative feedback. These simulations are offered as support (in the form of an existence proof) that deficits in the degree of lexical activation can account for the lexical processing impairments shown by Broca's aphasics who have reduced lexical activation, and Wernicke's aphasics who have increased lexical activation. Overall, results suggest that the present approach promises to offer a coherent theoretical framework within which to link empirical evidence in language processing and cognitive neuroscience in terms of possible underlying mechanisms.
Auditory Priming within and across Modalities: Evidence from Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Badgaiyan Rajendra D. , Schacter Daniel L. , Alpert Nathaniel M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies of perceptual priming have reported priming-related decreases in the extrastriate cortex. However, because these experiments have used visual stimuli, it is unclear whether the observed decreases are associated specifically with some aspect of visual perceptual processing or with more general aspects of priming. We studied within-and cross-modality priming using an auditory word stem completion paradigm. Positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained during stem completion and a fixation task. Within-modality auditory priming was associated with blood flow decreases in the extrastriate cortex (bilateral), medial/ right anterior prefrontal cortex, right angular gyrus, and precuneus. In cross-modality priming, the study list was presented visually, and subjects completed auditory word stems. Cross-modality priming was associated with trends for blood flow decreases in the left angular gyrus and increases in the medial/right anterior prefrontal cortex. Results thus indicate that reduced activity in the extrastriate cortex accompanies within-modality priming in both visual and auditory modalities.
Writing Self and Writing Lives: Shen Shanbao's (1808-1862) Gendered Auto/Biographical Practices
Authors: Fong Grace 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study examines the dual strategies of auto/biographical production in the immensely rich corpus of writings by the nineteenth-century woman literata Shen Shanbao recently rediscovered by the author in rare book collections in China. The focus of the analysis is on the conditions of production of self-writing, including the processes of textual organization, genre manipulation, and self-editing. The study demonstrates an exemplary instance of gendered intervention in late imperial China that attempts to change the terms of writing practices and generic conventions to accommodate the desire to write the gendered self and gendered subjects into history.
LIGHT FROM DISTANT ASTERISKS TOWARDS A DESCRIPTION OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN RELIGIOUS HERITAGE
Authors: Jackson Peter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn attempt is made to summarize and synthesize new and old evidence regarding the religious heritage among peoples speaking Indo-European languages in pre-Christian and pre-Islamic Eurasia. Initial stress is put on the methodological, theoretical and ideological problems of such an undertaking. The rest of the paper discusses how the transmission of heritage was conceptualized (with examples from Vedic and Greek literature), to what extent we are able to discern the outlines of an Indo-European pantheon, the possibility of tracing the realizations of hereditary, mythical motifs in the oldest Indo-European literatures, and the prospects for a comparative Indo-European ritualistics.
Recollection and Prophesy in the De Divinatione
Authors:   Tarrant
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the light of Glucker's claim to have found in De Divinatione 1.115 a separate, unnamed Pythagorean-Platonic influence on Cicero, I examine the passage again with special reference to early Platonic interpretation. I find that the Meno's influence is wider than had been suspected, suggesting (i) the correspondence between the two types of 'natural' divination, dreams and ecstatic prophecy, and (ii) the kinship of souls. Posidonius' influence on the underlying interpretation of Platonic psychology is to be detected, insofar as he would have read Meno 81d as a statement about all souls (together) having all available knowledge. However, Cratippus, Cicero's other main source, can be held to have directly borrowed from Meno 81d2-3 for his crowning argument (De Div. 1.71), and it is likely that other material that uses 81d would also stem from Cratippus. A little is known elsewhere of early interpretation of the Meno. Comparison with other early 'Platonist' material suggests strongly that we must look to Antiochus' school for this view that dreams regularly contain substantial truth explicable in terms of the nature of soul. This would lead once again to Cratippus, and nothing prevents our detecting his hand behind 1.115. Indeed 1.70, which Glucker uses to argue that Cratippus' dream-divining soul would literally have to leave the body, only makes good sense when understood metaphorically.
Wild Animals and Other Pets Kept in Costa Rican Households: Incidence, Species and Numbers
Authors: Drews Carlos 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA nationwide survey that included personal interviews in 1,021 households studied the incidence, species, and numbers of nonhuman animals kept in Costa Rican households. A total of 71% of households keep animals.The proportion of households keeping dogs (53%) is 3.6 higher than the proportion of households keeping cats (15%). In addition to the usual domestic or companion animals kept in 66% of the households, 24% of households keep wild species as pets. Although parrots are the bulk of wild species kept as pets, there is vast species diversity, including other birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates - typically caught in their natural habitat to satisfy the pet market. The extraction from the wild and the keeping of such animals is by-and-large illegal and often involves endangered species. Costa Ricans, in a conservative estimate, keep about 151,288 parrots as pets. More than half the respondents have kept a psittacid at some point in their lives. Pet keeping is a common practice in Costa Rican society, and its incidence is high by international standards
Two new species of hylid frogs, genus Osteocephalus, from Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Almendáriz Ana , Jungfer Karl-Heinz , Ron Santiago , Seipp Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe two new species of treefrogs of the genus Osteocephalus from primary forests in northeastern Amazonian Ecuador. One is a small to medium-sized species without or with only few flat dorsal tubercles in males and a large light subocular area. Tadpoles assigned to this species were found in a bromeliad and had eaten fertilized frog eggs, most likely provided by the parents. The second species is small to medium, has a smooth dorsum both in males and females and no light subocular spot. Resumen. Describimos dos nuevas especies de ranas arborícolas del género Osteocephalus de bosques primarios en la Amazonía nororiental en Ecuador. La primera especie es de pequeña a mediana sin o con pocos tubérculos dorsales aplanados en machos y una mancha clara subocular grande. Los renacuajos asignados a esta especie fueron encontrados en una bromelia y habían comido huevos de rana fertilizados, probablemente proveídos por la madre. La segunda especie es de pequeña a mediana, tiene dorso liso tanto en hembras como en machos y no tiene manchas suboculares claras.
The effects of selective logging on the lizards Kentropyx calcarata, Ameiva ameiva and Mabuya nigropunctata
Authors: Higuchi Niro , Lima Albertina , Suárez Fernando I.O. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of experimental logging of two different ages, and the effect of tree girdling without selective logging, on the local abundance of three heliothermic lizards. The response to intensity of selective logging varied among species of lizards. The local abundance of M. nigropunctata increased with the intensity of logging damage, while the relationships for K. calcarata and A. ameiva were not statistically significant. The three species used plots cut four years before more frequently than control plots, but the density of A. ameiva in gaps in blocks cut 9-10 years before was similar to that in undisturbed vegetation. The girdling treatments had a significant negative effect on K. calcarata, but not M. nigropunctata or A. ameiva. We suggest that differences in numbers of lizards reflect a behavioral choice for microhabitats created in the logging areas, because the spatial scale of this study was too small to confidently detect the effects of the silvicuture treatments on populations of the species.
Molecular simulations of Zn-montmorillonite
Authors: Janeba D. , Ćapková P. , Schenk H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMolecular simulations using the Cerius2 modelling environment have been used to investigate the structure of montmorillonite (MMT) intercalated with Zn cations. Basal spacing and bonding of Zn2+ cations in the interlayer have been investigated with regard to their dependence on the water content. In the first part of the work, Zn cations in the interlayer are coordined by six water molecules and the energy of the system is discussed. The energy discussion is focused on the influence of the different starting orientations of the Zn octahedron, and different positions of Mg atoms in the octahedral sheet. An energy scan at fixed d-spacing was carried out. Later the hydration simulation giving the hydration curve (i.e. the dependence of d-spacing on the number of water molecules in the interlayer) was also carried out. Two different hydration states were found — for certain humidity ranges there is almost constant d-spacing and between these intervals there is a sharp edge. Finally the structure of totally dehydrated Zn-MMT was simulated.
Kinetic approach to the mineral reaction processes during hydrothermal treatment of a saponitic clay
Authors: Cuevas J. , Garralon A. , Ramirez S. , Leguey S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the course of hydrothermal experiments with a saponitic clay, evidence for the dissolution of the accessory sepiolite and the formation of smectite has been detected above 120°C Hydrothermal reactions with a clay to water ratio of 1:3 were performed at temperatures of 60, 90, 120, 175 and 200°C with time intervals of one month to one year.The BET surface area and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are correlated with the sepiolite and the smectite content determined from XRD data. These relations have been used to recalculate the time dependence of the mineral contents in the time/temperature conditions of the experiments. The Ea values obtained for sepiolite dissolution (7-18 kcal/mol) or smectite formation (4.8-5 kcal/mol) indicate that sepiolite dissolution controls the rate of the process. Both results fit an apparent firstorder reaction and the system seems to evolve to a stable mineral composition in a short time period, ranging from one to 10 years as temperature decreases.
Clinopyroxene-corundum assemblages from alkali basalt and alluvium, eastern Thailand: constraints on the origin of Thai rubies
Authors: Sutthirat C. , Saminpanya S. , Droop G. T. R. , Henderson C. M. B. , Manning D. A. C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn inclusion of corundum (ruby) was found in a clinopyroxene xenocryst in alkali basalt from the late-Cenozoic Chanthaburi-Trat volcanics of eastern Thailand. The clinopyroxene is fairly sodic, highly aluminous and magnesian (0.12–0.14 Na, 0.31–0.33 AlIV and 0.36–0.40 AlVI per 6(O), and Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) > 0.9)) and is chemically similar to clinopyroxene inclusions in rubies from nearby alluvial gem deposits, suggesting a common origin for the two types of occurrence. Sapphirine (Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) = 0.91–0.94) and garnet (py56–67alm11–18grs18–23) also occur as inclusions in alluvial rubies. Thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium 2 di + 2 crn = 2 cats + en constrains the temperatures of clinopyroxene + corundum crystallization to between 800 and 1150 ± 100°C. Use of other equilibria as stability limits places the pressures of crystallization between 10 and 25 kbar, implying depths of between 35 and 88 km. The most Fe-rich clinopyroxene crystallized at a pressure in the lower part of the range. The pyropic garnet inclusions in corundum crystallized at pressures of >18 kbar (i.e. at depths > ~63 km).The xenocrystic clinopyroxene could have coexisted in equilibrium with garnet of similar composition to the observed inclusions at the deduced temperatures of crystallization. The rubies probably crystallized in rocks of mafic composition, i.e. garnet-clinopyroxenites or garnet-pyriclasites, within the upper mantle.
MnO exsolution in periclase from Långban, Sweden: an evaluation of the activity-composition relations in the system MgO–MnO
Authors: de Villiers J. P. R. , Buseck P. R. , Steyn H. S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe occurrence of MnO exsolution in periclase host crystals from Långban, Sweden, is described. The composition of the periclase is Mg0.942 Mn0.046Zn0.012O, and it coexists with exsolved manganosite crystals with a composition of Mn0.909Mg0.082Zn0.008O. Crystals of hausmannite are also present, indicating fO2 conditions approaching the MnO–Mn3O4 equilibrium.Activity-composition data for the system MgO–MnO is critically reviewed. The data obtained from solid electrolyte measurements are rejected because of the unrealistic calculated equilibration temperatures and the large deviations from the gas equilibration Mn-Pt activity measurements. The large errors associated with the gas equilibration measurements, especially at large XMnO, also introduces uncertainties associated with the asymmetric interaction parameters. The non-parametric ‘jack-knife’ method was used to determine the asymmetric interaction parameters and their standard deviations from the data of Wood et al. (1994) and Tsai and Muan (1992). These were calculated as WMnO = 21.2 kJ/mol, σWMnO = 2.5 kJ/mol and WMgO = 8.2 kJ/mol, σWMgO = 3.3 kJ/mol.Using the asymmetric interaction parameters, WMnO = 19.9 kJ/mol and WMgO = 13.7 kJ/mol for the system MgO–MnO as determined by Wood et al. (1994) and the equations for two-phase equilibrium as formulated by Thompson (1967), equilibration temperatures of 334°C and 466°C were calculated. The difference between the calculated temperatures is ascribed to inaccuracies in the experimentally determined interaction parameters.
Tsugaruite, Pb4As2S7, a new mineral species from the Yunosawa mine, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Shimizu M. , Miyawaki R. , Kato A. , Matsubara S. , Matsuyama F. , Kiyota K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTsugaruite, Pb4As2S7, is a new Pb-As sulphosalt from the Yunosawa mine, Aomori Prefecture, northern Japan. X-ray studies indicated it to be orthorhombic Pnn2 or Pnnm, a 15.179(1), b 38.195(1), c 8.0745(1) Å, Z = 16 [Pb4As2S7] with a subcell with c′ = 1/2c. The six strongest diffractions in the X-ray powder pattern [d (in Å), (I), (hkl)] are: 4.47 (30) (340), 3.705 (34) (1.10.0), 3.395 (100) (450), 2.870 (34) (192), 2.819 (53) (550), and 2.739 (48) (560, 2.13.0). The average of seven electron microprobe analyses gave Pb 68.70, Tl 0.13, As 12.45, S 18.64, total 99.92 wt.%. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of total atoms = 13 is Pb3.99Tl0.01As2.00S7.00, corresponding to the ideal formula Pb4As2S7. The calculated density is 6.83 g/cm3 for the ideal formula.Tsugaruite is opaque with a metallic lustre and lead-grey streak. No cleavage was observed. It is brittle with uneven fracture. VHN25 is 75.4–94.9 kg/mm2, mean 86.4 (n) = 4), corresponding to 2.5–3 in Mohs' hardness scale. In reflected plane-polarised light in air, it is white with a greenish tint, more greenish than jordanite. Bireflectance and pleochroism are weak, weaker than those of jordanite; and anisotropism is weak to moderate, weaker than that of jordanite. No internal reflections. The reflectance spectra are tabulated in the text.Tsugaruite was found in a thin baryte veinlet exposed in the wall of a small open cut of the Yunosawa mine. It forms radiating groups of long tabular tapering crystals elongated along c and tabular to b, up to 0.04 mm wide and 2 mm long. The associated minerals are jordanite, which formed earlier than tsugaruite, and galena. The chemical similarity of tsugaruite and jordanite and their intergrown character indicates that earlier jordanite analyses may also include analyses of tsugarite.
The chemokine receptor CCR8 mediates human endothelial cell chemotaxis induced by I-309 and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded vMIP-I and by lipoprotein(a)-stimulated endothelial cell conditioned medium
Authors: Haque Nasreen S. , Fallon John T. , Taubman Mark B. , Harpel Peter C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is expressed on monocytes and type 2 T lymphocytes. CCR8 is the sole receptor for the human CC chemokine I-309, as well as for viral monocyte inflammatory protein-I (vMIP-I), a human chemokine homologue induced in human cells by the Kaposi sarcoma-related human herpesvirus-8. Recently it was found that I-309 messenger RNA and protein are expressed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and that the secretion of endothelial I-309 is stimulated by apolipoprotein(a). I-309, vMIP-I, and the conditioned medium from apolipoprotein(a)-stimulated HUVECs induce endothelial chemotaxis. A polyclonal anti-CCR8 antibody and a newly developed murine monoclonal antibody against CCR8 inhibited this activity. The G-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin also inhibited endothelial chemotaxis, providing further evidence for a chemokine receptor-mediated effect. Endothelial cells contain CCR8 mRNA as shown by RNA blot analysis as well by direct sequence analysis. Immunohistochemical studies identified CCR8 and I-309 on the endothelium of human atherosclerotic plaques and in endothelial-derived spindle cells of Kaposi sarcoma. These results indicate that CCR8 is an endothelial receptor that may modulate endothelial function.