bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different anaesthetics on cytokine levels in children with community-acquired pneumonia undergoing flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy
Authors: Chen Lin , Cheng Jing , Wang Yan-Lin 
Published: March 2016

Objective To determine the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on cytokine levels in children with community-acquired pneumonia undergoing flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB). Method Children with community-acquired pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive 3–5 mg/kg propofol i.v. or 8% inhaled sevoflurane. Haemodynamic variables, stress hormone responses and serum cytokines were compared between the two groups. Results Out of 50 children aged 2–12 years (propofol, n = 25; sevoflurane, n = 25), there were no significant between-group differences in haemodynamic variables and stress hormones. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 decreased significantly following FFB in both groups. IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than propofol group at 4 h and 1 d following FFB (61.3 ± 11.9 versus 82.6 ± 19.7 pg/ml; 52.8 ± 9.7 versus 75.4 ± 13.6 pg/ml, respectively). IL-10 levels in the sevoflurane group were significantly lower than in the propofol group at 1 d following FFB. Conclusions In children with community-acquired pneumonia, use of sevoflurane was associated with lower circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels compared with propofol, following FFB. Pneumonia severity is reflected by higher blood cytokine levels, thus, sevoflurane may be more beneficial to recovery from community-acquired pneumonia than propofol, however further studies are required to test this hypothesis.
How I treat MDS and AML in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Peffault de Latour Régis , Soulier Jean 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most frequent inherited cause of bone marrow failure (BMF). Most FA patients experience hematopoietic stem cell attrition and cytopenia during childhood, which along with intrinsic chromosomal instability, favor clonal evolution and the frequent emergence in their teens or young adulthood of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To early identify and further predict bone marrow (BM) clonal progression and enable timely treatment, the follow-up of FA patients includes regular BM morphological and cytogenetic examinations. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment of FA patients with MDS or AML. Although questions remain concerning HSCT itself (including the need for pretransplant chemotherapy, the best conditioning regimen, and the optimal long-term follow-up of such patients especially regarding secondary malignancies), clonal evolution in the absence of significant BM dysplasia and blast cells can be difficult to address in FA patients, for whom the concept of preemptive HSCT is discussed. Illustrated by 3 representative clinical vignettes showing specific features of MDS and AML in FA patients, this paper summarizes our practical approach from diagnosis through treatment in this particular situation.
Further advances in lead carboxylate coatings: coating unprimed heritage lead
Authors: Grayburn Rosie A. , Dowsett Mark G. , Adriaens Annemie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Further to the previously published work in this journal “Towards a new coating for heritage lead”, a coating has been trialled with samples replicating aged lead artefacts. Lead was corroded in an oak environment to simulate storage or display in a wooden case then coated with ethanolic solutions of tetradecanoic and octadecanoic acid. X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance data suggests an better-quality coating is formed leading to improved corrosion resistance.
Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Gefitinib With Erlotinib in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma: WJOG 5108L
Authors: Urata Yoshiko , Katakami Nobuyuki , Morita Satoshi , Kaji Reiko , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Seto Takashi , Satouchi Miyako , Iwamoto Yasuo , Kanehara Masashi , Fujimoto Daichi , Ikeda Norihiko , Murakami Haruyasu , Daga Haruko , Oguri Tetsuya , Goto Isao , Imamura Fumio , Sugawara Shunichi , Saka Hideo , Nogami Naoyuki , Negoro Shunichi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Yoichi 
Published: March 2016

Purpose The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase has been an important target for non–small-cell lung cancer. Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently approved, and both gefitinib and erlotinib are the most well-known first-generation EGFR-TKIs. This randomized phase III study was conducted to investigate the difference between these two EGFR-TKIs. Patients and Methods Previously treated patients with lung adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive gefitinib or erlotinib. This study aimed to investigate the noninferiority of gefitinib compared with erlotinib. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Results Five hundred sixty-one patients were randomly assigned, including 401 patients (71.7%) with EGFR mutation. All baseline factors (except performance status) were balanced between the arms. Median PFS and overall survival times for gefitinib and erlotinib were 6.5 and 7.5 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.125; 95% CI, 0.940 to 1.347; P = .257) and 22.8 and 24.5 months (HR, 1.038; 95% CI, 0.833 to 1.294; P = .768), respectively. The response rates for gefitinib and erlotinib were 45.9% and 44.1%, respectively. Median PFS times in EGFR mutation–positive patients receiving gefitinib versus erlotinib were 8.3 and 10.0 months, respectively (HR, 1.093; 95% CI, 0.879 to 1.358; P = .424). The primary grade 3 or 4 toxicities were rash (2.2% for gefitinib v 18.1% for erlotinib) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation (6.1%/13.0% for gefitinib v 2.2%/3.3% for erlotinib). Conclusion The study did not demonstrate noninferiority of gefitinib compared with erlotinib in terms of PFS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma according to the predefined criteria.
Reliable Detection of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Colorectal Cancers Using Mutational Load in Next-Generation Sequencing Panels
Authors: Stadler Zsofia K. , Battaglin Francesca , Middha Sumit , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Tran Christina , Cercek Andrea , Yaeger Rona , Segal Neil H. , Varghese Anna M. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane L. , Kemeny Nancy E. , Salo-Mullen Erin E. , Ashraf Asad , Weiser Martin R. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Robson Mark E. , Offit Kenneth , Arcila Maria E. , Berger Michael F. , Shia Jinru , Solit David B. , Saltz Leonard B. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Tumor screening for Lynch syndrome is recommended in all or most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In metastatic CRC, sequencing of RAS/BRAF is necessary to guide clinical management. We hypothesized that a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that identifies RAS/BRAF and other actionable mutations could also reliably identify tumors with DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency (MMR-D) on the basis of increased mutational load. Methods We identified all CRCs that underwent genomic mutation profiling with a custom NGS assay (MSK-IMPACT) between March 2014 and July 2015. Tumor mutational load, with exclusion of copy number changes, was determined for each case and compared with MMR status as determined by routine immunohistochemistry. Results Tumors from 224 patients with unique CRC analyzed for MMR status also underwent MSK-IMPACT. Thirteen percent (n = 28) exhibited MMR-D by immunohistochemistry. Using the 341-gene assay, 100% of the 193 tumors with < 20 mutations were MMR-proficient. Of 31 tumors with ≥ 20 mutations, 28 (90%) were MMR-D. The three remaining tumors were easily identified as being distinct from the MMR-D tumors with > 150 mutations each. Each of these tumors harbored the P286R hotspot POLE mutation consistent with the ultramutator phenotype. Among MMR-D tumors, the median number of mutations was 50 (range, 20 to 90) compared with six (range, 0 to 17) in MMR-proficient/POLE wild-type tumors (P < .001). With a mutational load cutoff of ≥ 20 and < 150 for MMR-D detection, sensitivity and specificity were both 1.0 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.0). Conclusion A cutoff for mutational load can be identified via multigene NGS tumor profiling, which provides a highly accurate means of screening for MMR-D in the same assay that is used for tumor genotyping.
Chronic Exposure to Bisphenol A Affects Uterine Function During Early Pregnancy in Mice
Authors: Li Quanxi , Davila Juanmahel , Kannan Athilakshmi , Flaws Jodi A. , Bagchi Milan K. , Bagchi Indrani C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has received much attention in female reproductive health due to its widespread toxic effects. Although BPA has been linked to infertility and recurrent miscarriage in women, the impact of its exposure on uterine function during early pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, we addressed the effect of prolonged exposure to an environmental relevant dose of BPA on embryo implantation and establishment of pregnancy. Our studies revealed that treatment of mice with BPA led to improper endometrial epithelial and stromal functions thus affecting embryo implantation and establishment of pregnancy. Upon further analyses, we found that the expression of progesterone receptor (PGR) and its downstream target gene, HAND2 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2), was markedly suppressed in BPA-exposed uterine tissues. Previous studies have shown that HAND2 controls embryo implantation by repressing fibroblast growth factor and the MAPK signaling pathways and inhibiting epithelial proliferation. Interestingly, we observed that down-regulation of PGR and HAND2 expression in uterine stroma upon BPA exposure was associated with enhanced activation of fibroblast growth factor and MAPK signaling in the epithelium, thus contributing to aberrant proliferation and lack of uterine receptivity. Further, the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells to decidual cells, an event critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, was severely compromised in response to BPA. In summary, our studies revealed that chronic exposure to BPA impairs PGR-HAND2 pathway and adversely affects implantation and the establishment of pregnancy.
Inhaled Anesthetics Exert Different Protective Properties in a Mouse Model of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Strosing Karl Michael , Faller Simone , Gyllenram Veronica , Engelstaedter Helen , Buerkle Hartmut , Spassov Sashko , Hoetzel Alexander 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
Mechanical ventilation is an important perioperative tool in anesthesia and a lifesaving treatment for respiratory failure, but it can lead to ventilator-associated lung injury. Inhaled anesthetics have demonstrated protective properties in various models of organ damage. We compared the lung-protective potential of inhaled sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

METHODS:
C57BL/6N mice were randomized into 5 groups (n = 8/group). One group served as a control and 4 groups were subjected to mechanical ventilation with air (12 mL/kg tidal volume) for 6 hours. Ventilated animals were anesthetized with either ketamine and acepromazine, or 1 of 3 inhaled anesthetics: isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane. Lung injury was assessed by lung histology, neutrophil counts, and interleukin-1β concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Antioxidant effects were explored by evaluation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione content in lung tissue by immunofluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Changes in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and src-protein-tyrosine-kinase levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

RESULTS:
Compared with nonventilated controls, ventilated mice anesthetized with ketamine had thickened alveolar walls, elevated VILI scores, higher polymorph neutrophil counts, and increased ROS production. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane showed thinner alveolar septa, lower VILI scores, lower polymorph neutrophil counts, and lower interleukin-1β concentrations than ketamine mice. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1/src-protein-tyrosine-kinase was neither affected by mechanical ventilation nor affected by administration of inhaled anesthetics. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane showed less ROS production and higher glutathione contents compared with ketamine mice. Unexpectedly, desflurane-ventilated mice showed similar signs of lung injury compared with mice ventilated with air alone and receiving ketamine anesthesia. Desflurane failed to inhibit inflammatory responses and ROS production in lung tissue and developed no antioxidant potential.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although isoflurane and sevoflurane prevent ventilator-associated lung injury, desflurane does not. As an underlying mechanism, both inhaled anesthetics exert major anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
ISO 9001: 2015 Standard as the New Business Opportunities
Authors: Девяткин  , Dyevyatkin Olyeg 
Published: March 2016

The new requirements of ISO 9001:2015 are designed to meet the changing
conditions in the global economy, innovations in the field of enterprise
management and practical application of QMS. The new version of ISO
9001:2015 standard is a progressive step in terms of further development of
QMS. The proposed methodology for economic evaluation of QMS, based on the
results and financial effects obtained, allows for a comprehensive analysis of the
effects of QMS introduction. Application of QMS based on the new standard,
provides for a competitive advantage to organizations, seeking for leadership.
Introducing Innovative Processes to the Gas Transportation System of Russia
Authors: Чайковский  , Chaykovskiy A. 
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with the topical issues concerning implementation of innovative
projects at gas transportation companies; highlights the causes, militating
against the significant achievements in the innovative development of the gas
industry, and emphasizes the necessity to apply effective methods for
implementing innovative processes, critical to ensure timely provision of the
necessary enabling conditions for further development of the gas transportation
system of Russia.
Nano Gold Particles can Drop PSA Level
Authors: Shen Hsin-Der 
Published: March 2016

Gold NPs, colorless, can decrease PSA levels, when prescribed at the correct dosage and taken with water. The nano gold content in this research was 66 ppb with particles size of 7.5nm. These conclusions were based on the improvements in the symptoms caused by prostate gland enlargement, such as a weak urinary stream, a frequent urge to urinate, and a feeling that the bladder never completely empties. After two months of drinking nano gold water, such conditions greatly improved. We then tested the effects of nano gold on a prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We did several tests on three cases in the following:
Case 1: The medical records for blood PSA is a prostate cancer.
Case 2: The medical records for blood PSA is between 4 to 5.
Case 3: The medical records for blood PSA is close to zero but with a prostate cancer history.
All these cases are successfully dropped the PSA level after taking nano gold water. We also did the experiments with nano gold in 1. CO oxidation and Formaldehyde decomposition 2. Plant growth and germination faster. Then we find that the gold NPs can work as catalysts to decompose the chemical and organic solvents compounds in the path of urine system in our body and drop the PSA level.
Systematic review of clinical outcomes after prophylactic surgery
Authors: Davis CR , Trevatt AEJ , Dixit A , Datta V 
Published: March 2016

Introduction Prophylactic appendicectomy is performed prior to military, polar and space expeditions to prevent acute appendicitis in the field. However, the risk–benefit ratio of prophylactic surgery is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for prophylactic appendicectomy. It is supplemented by a clinical example of prophylactic surgery resulting in life-threatening complications. Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE® and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Keyword variants of ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘appendicectomy’ were combined to identify potential papers for inclusion. Papers related to prophylactic appendicectomy risks and benefits were reviewed. Results Overall, 511 papers were identified, with 37 papers satisfying the inclusion criteria. Nine reported outcomes after incidental appendicectomy during concurrent surgical procedures. No papers focused explicitly on prophylactic appendicectomy in asymptomatic patients. The clinical example outlined acute obstruction secondary to adhesions from a prophylactic appendicectomy. Complications after elective appendicectomy versus the natural history of acute appendicitis in scenarios such as polar expeditions or covert operations suggest prophylactic appendicectomy may be appropriate prior to extreme situations. Nevertheless, the long-term risk of adhesion related complications render prophylactic appendicectomy feasible only when the short-term risk of acute appendicitis outweighs the long-term risks of surgery. Conclusions Prophylactic appendicectomy is rarely performed and not without risk. This is the first documented evidence of long-term complications following prophylactic appendicectomy. Surgery should be considered on an individual basis by balancing the risks of acute appendicitis in the field with the potential consequences of an otherwise unnecessary surgical procedure in a healthy patient.
Demystifying damage control in musculoskeletal trauma
Authors: Bates P , Parker P , McFadyen I , Pallister I 
Published: March 2016

Trauma care has evolved rapidly over the past decade. The benefits of operative fracture management in major trauma patients are well recognised. Concerns over early total care arose when applied broadly. The burden of additional surgical trauma could constitute a second hit, fuelling the inflammatory response and precipitating a decline into acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Temporary external fixation aimed to deliver the benefits of fracture stabilisation without the risk of major surgery. This damage control orthopaedics approach was advocated for those in extremis and a poorly defined borderline group. An increasing understanding of the physiological response to major trauma means there is now a need to refine our treatment options. A number of large scale retrospective reviews indicate that early definitive fracture fixation is beneficial in the majority of major trauma patients. It is recommended that patients are selected appropriately on the basis of their response to resuscitation. The hope is that this approach (dubbed ‘safe definitive fracture surgery’ or ‘early appropriate care’) will herald an era when care is individualised for each patient and their circumstances. The novel Damage Control in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery course at The Royal College of Surgeons of England aims to equip senior surgeons with the insights and mindset necessary to contribute to this key decision making process as well as also the technical skills to provide damage control interventions when needed, relying on the improved techniques of damage control resuscitation and advances in the understanding of early appropriate care.
Evaluation of a two rubber band technique for finger ring removal
Authors: Kingston D , Bopf D , Dhanjee U , McLean A 
Published: March 2016

Introduction Rings are required to be removed from a finger in many clinical situations. Rings that are difficult to remove is a problem encountered frequently. Many techniques have been reported for this problem. This study looks at the effectiveness of a single technique for removing difficult rings from fingers. Methods A two rubber band technique was used in this study of 69 difficult to remove rings. Success of the technique and time to removal were recorded. Results Difficult rings were removed in 92.5% of cases, in a mean time of 10.7 seconds. No fingers or rings suffered damage during the study. Conclusions This two rubber band technique is a rapid, safe and effective method for removing rings that cannot be removed easily.
Implantable Loop Recorder – A Good Opportunity to Diagnose Unexplained Syncope
Authors: Cvetković Predrag , Perisić Zoran , Kostić Tomislav , Stojković Aleksandar , Krstić Miroslav , Bozinović Nenad , Kirćanski Bratislav , Keković Mima 
Published: March 2016

Summary
Implantable loop recorder (ILR) is a method in cardiology, which is used for the diagnosis of unexplained syncope in patients who were not treated successfully using standard methods. Implantable loop recorder is a diagnostic device that is surgically implanted under the skin of the chest area. This device does not have the endovenous implantation of electrodes; instead, electrodes are attached to the machine housing. The device records the heart rhythm continuously, up to 14 months, and stores data outside the activator whenever symptoms appear, or by the automatic activation of the predefined program for bradycardia, asystole, and tachycardia. The aim of this paper was to describe the method for the detection of cardiac syncope with the use of implantable loop recorder.
Aerosol and gamma background measurements at Basic Environmental Observatory Moussala
Authors: Angelov Christo , Arsov Todor , Penev Ilia , Nikolova Nina , Kalapov Ivo , Georgiev Stefan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Trans boundary and local pollution, global climate changes and cosmic rays are the main areas of research performed at the regional Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station Moussala BEO (2925 m a.s.l., 42°10’45’’ N, 23°35’07’’ E). Real time measurements and observations are performed in the field of atmospheric chemistry and physics. Complex information about the aerosol is obtained by using a threewavelength integrating Nephelometer for measuring the scattering and backscattering coefficients, a continuous light absorption photometer and a scanning mobile particle sizer. The system for measuring radioactivity and heavy metals in aerosols allows us to monitor a large scale radioactive aerosol transport. The measurements of the gamma background and the gamma-rays spectrum in the air near Moussala peak are carried out in real time. The HYSPLIT back trajectory model is used to determine the origin of the data registered. DREAM code calculations [2] are used to forecast the air mass trajectory. The information obtained combined with a full set of corresponding meteorological parameters is transmitted via a high frequency radio telecommunication system to the Internet.
Explicit “ballistic M-model”: a refinement of the implicit “modified point mass trajectory model”
Authors: Baranowski L. , Gadomski B. , Majewski P. , Szymonik J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Various models of a projectile in a resisting medium are used. Some are very simple, like the “point mass trajectory model”, others, like the “rigid body trajectory model”, are complex and hard to use, especially in Fire Control Systems due to the fact of numeric complexity and an excess of less important corrections. There exist intermediate ones - e.g. the “modified point mass trajectory model”, which unfortunately is given by an implicitly defined differential equation as Sec. 1 discusses. The main objective of this paper is to present a way to reformulate the model obtaining an easy to solve explicit system having a reasonable complexity yet not being parameter-overloaded. The final form of the M-model, after being carefully derived in Sec. 2, is presented in Subsec. 2.5.