bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of screening protocols for intimate partner violence in healthcare facilities: a qualitative study
Authors: Williams Jessica R , Halstead Valerie , Salani Deborah , Koermer Natasha 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesExplore different methods by which intimate partner violence screening practices are implemented in clinic and emergency settings and better understand barriers and facilitators.BackgroundHealthcare visits provide an opportunity for providers to identify and provide assistance to victims of intimate partner violence. However, wide variation exists in the implementation of screening and response protocols. In addition, providers experience barriers and facilitators to intimate partner violence screening and response. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is necessary to improve the role that providers play in detection and intervention of intimate partner violence.DesignQualitative descriptive research design.MethodsSixteen healthcare facilities were recruited from a large metropolitan area in the USA. Data were collected through semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with individuals knowledgeable about intimate partner violence screening and response within their facility. Data were analysed using directive content analysis.ResultsMajor themes and patterns concerning intimate partner violence screening and response were identified within the following areas: procedural characteristics, barriers, facilitators and additional needs. Patient–provider communication and operational/facility characteristics emerged as critical aspects that impact the successful implementation of intimate partner violence screening and response programmes. Differences were found between clinic and emergency settings stemming from variations in health delivery models.ConclusionsResults provide important information on how healthcare facilities implement intimate partner violence screening and response, suggestions for practice improvement and directions for future interventions. Additional guidance is needed to ensure intimate partner violence identification, and response procedures are effective and tailored to needs of patients, providers and the facility.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are in a strategic position to play a pivotal role in identification of and response to intimate partner violence. It is essential that nurses are cognizant of this, and understand the actions they can take to assist patients who have been victims of intimate partner violence. Recommendations on how to do this are provided.
Bilinguals’ Existing Languages Benefit Vocabulary Learning in a Third Language
Authors: Bartolotti James , Marian Viorica 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLearning a new language involves substantial vocabulary acquisition. Learners can accelerate this process by relying on words with native‐language overlap, such as cognates. For bilingual third language learners, it is necessary to determine how their two existing languages interact during novel language learning. A scaffolding account predicts transfer from either language for individual words, whereas an accumulation account predicts cumulative transfer from both languages. To compare these accounts, 20 English‐German bilingual adults were taught an artificial language containing 48 novel written words that varied orthogonally in English and German wordlikeness (neighborhood size and orthotactic probability). Wordlikeness in each language improved word production accuracy, and similarity to one language provided the same benefit as dual‐language overlap. In addition, bilinguals’ memory for novel words was affected by the statistical distributions of letters in the novel language. Results indicate that bilinguals utilize both languages during third language acquisition, supporting a scaffolding learning model.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
ADAMTS13‐von Willebrand factor axis is involved in the pathophysiology of kidney ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Kim Myung‐Gyu , Lim Sung Yoon , Ko Yoon Sook , Lee Hee Young , Jo Sang‐Kyung , Cho Won Yong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe ADAMTS13‐von Willebrand factor (vWF) axis has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in the heart or brain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether this axis was involved in the pathophysiology of IRI‐induced acute kidney injury.MethodsWe performed renal IRI in ADAMTS13 knockout (KO) or wild type (WT) mice. Functional and histological kidney damage, and inflammation were compared and the effect of anti‐vWF antibodies in ADAMTS13 KO mice was assessed.ResultsFollowing IRI, the blood and kidney ADAMTS13 levels were significantly decreased. vWF expression was significantly upregulated in both the medulla and cortex of injured kidneys as shown by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. There was also an increased level of vWF dimers after IRI. In ADAMTS13 KO mice, kidney vWF levels were further increased and this was associated with greater endothelial and epithelial injury compared to WT mice, suggesting an important role of vWF in renal IRI. In addition, the number of Gr‐1+ neutrophils was significantly higher in the kidneys of ADAMTS13 KO mice compared to WT mice, whereas F4/80 macrophage numbers were unchanged. In ADAMTS13 KO mice, administration of anti‐vWF antibodies after IRI partially reversed renal injury.ConclusionOur data show that the ADAMTS13‐vWF axis is partially involved in the pathophysiology of kidney IRI, suggesting that regulating ADAMTS13‐ and vWF‐dependent mechanisms could have therapeutic potential to limit renal IRI.
Antenatal immunoglobulin for prevention of neonatal hemochromatosis
Authors: Okada Noriki , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Urahashi Taizen , Sanada Yukihiro , Yamada Naoya , Hirata Yuta , Tashiro Masahisa , Katano Takumi , Ushijima Kentaro , Otomo Shinya , Takahashi Hironori , Matsubara Shigeki , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis, particularly prior to 2008. Antenatal maternal high‐dose immunoglobulin (Ig) is effective in preventing NH recurrence, but the adverse effects of this treatment have not been documented as yet. Here, we report on a patient who underwent high‐dose Ig treatment to prevent NH recurrence. The patient was a 31‐year‐old pregnant Japanese woman. Her first child died of NH after receiving living donor liver transplantation. The patient received high‐dose Ig treatment to prevent recurrence of NH from gestational weeks 16 to 35. During the treatment, platelet count gradually decreased, and cesarean section was required at 35 gestational weeks. The child did not develop liver failure. High‐dose Ig prevented the recurrence of NH. Caution should be exercised due to possible adverse effects of this treatment.
KV7/M channels as targets for lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory neuronal hyperexcitability
Authors: Tzour Arik , Leibovich Hodaya , Barkai Omer , Biala Yoav , Lev Shaya , Yaari Yoel , Binshtok Alexander M. 
Published: August 2016

Key points
Neuroinflammation associated with CNS insults leads to neuronal hyperexcitability, which may culminate in epileptiform discharges.
Application of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to brain tissue initiates a neuroinflammatory cascade, providing an experimental model to study the mechanisms of neuroinflammatory neuronal hyperexcitability.
Here we show that LPS application to hippocampal slices markedly enhances the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells by inhibiting a specific potassium current, the M‐current, generated by KV7/M channels, which controls the excitability of almost every neuron in the CNS.
The LPS‐induced M‐current inhibition is triggered by sequential activation of microglia, astrocytes and pyramidal cells, mediated by metabotropic purinergic and glutamatergic transmission, leading to blockade of KV7/M channels by calcium released from intracellular stores.
The identification of the downstream molecular target of neuroinflammation, namely the KV7/M channel, potentially has far reaching implications for the understanding and treatment of many acute and chronic brain disorders.
AbstractAcute brain insults and many chronic brain diseases manifest an innate inflammatory response. The hallmark of this response is glia activation, which promotes repair of damaged tissue, but also induces structural and functional changes that may lead to an increase in neuronal excitability. We have investigated the mechanisms involved in the modulation of neuronal activity by acute inflammation. Initiating inflammatory responses in hippocampal tissue rapidly led to neuronal depolarization and repetitive firing even in the absence of active synaptic transmission. This action was mediated by a complex metabotropic purinergic and glutamatergic glia‐to‐neuron signalling cascade, leading to the blockade of neuronal KV7/M channels by Ca2+ released from internal stores. These channels generate the low voltage‐activating, non‐inactivating M‐type K+ current (M‐current) that controls intrinsic neuronal excitability, and its inhibition was the predominant cause of the inflammation‐induced hyperexcitability. Our discovery that the ubiquitous KV7/M channels are the downstream target of the inflammation‐induced cascade, has far reaching implications for the understanding and treatment of many acute and chronic brain disorders.
Neurocognitive Reaction Time Predicts Lower Extremity Sprains and Strains
Authors: Wilkerson Gary B. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Prevention of a lower extremity sprain or strain requires some basis for predicting that an individual athlete will sustain such an injury unless a modifiable risk factor is addressed.Objective:To assess the possible existence of an association between reaction time measured during completion of a computerized neurocognitive test battery and subsequent occurrence of a lower extremity sprain or strain.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Preparticipation screening conducted in a computer laboratory on the day prior to initiation of preseason practice sessions.Participants:76 NCAA Division I-FCS football players.Main Outcome Measures:Lower extremity sprains and strains sustained between initiation of preseason practice sessions and the end of an 11-game season. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the optimal reaction time cut-point for discrimination between injured versus noninjured status. Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate any differential influence of reaction time on injury incidence between starters and nonstarters.Results:A total of 29 lower extremity sprains and strains were sustained by 23 of the 76 players. A reaction time cut-point of ≥ .545 s provided good discrimination between injured and noninjured cases: 74% sensitivity, 51% specificity, relative risk = 2.17 (90% CI: 1.10, 4.30), and odds ratio = 2.94 (90% CI: 1.19, 7.25).Conclusions:Neurocognitive reaction time appears to be an indicator of elevated risk for lower extremity sprains and strains among college football players, which may be modifiable through performance of exercises designed to accelerate neurocognitive processing of visual input.
Effects of Push-Up Exercise Phase and Surface Stability on Activation of the Scapulothoracic Musculature
Authors: Park Se-yeon , Yoo Won-gyu 
Published: August 2016

Objective:The purpose of this study was to measure muscle activation during ascending and descending phases of the push-up exercise on both stable and unstable support surfaces.Participants:Fourteen asymptomatic male amateur badminton players. During push-up exercises on stable and unstable bases, muscle activation measurements were collected with phase divisions (ascending and descending phase).Methods:Electromyography (EMG) was utilized to measure activation of the upper trapezius (UT) and lower trapezius (LT), middle serratus anterior (MSA) and lower serratus anterior (LSA), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles.Results:An unstable support surface produced significantly greater activation of the UT, LT, LSA, and PM muscles than a stable support surface (p < 0.05). The MSA, LSA, TB, and PM muscles demonstrated greater activation during the ascending phase than the descending phase of the push-up exercise (p < 0.05).Conclusions:The unstable support surface appeared to produce relatively greater activation of the LSA than that of the MSA. The descending phase of the push-up did not demonstrate a higher level of activation for any of the muscles tested.
Effect of Cardiovascular Fatigue on Postural Stability
Authors: Bateni Hamid , Leno Gina , Manjarres Rebeca , Ouellette Bailey , Wolber Mark 
Published: August 2016

Context:Previous research has demonstrated that localized leg muscle fatigue induced by lower extremity exercises (e.g., squat jumps, sprints, and treadmill running) has an adverse effect on postural stability.Objective:To assess the effect of cardiovascular fatigue induced by upper extremity exercise on postural stability.Design:Repeated measures.Participants:Fourteen healthy young adults between the ages of 22 and 30 years (7 male and 7 female).Intervention:Participants performed an exercise protocol on an upper-body ergometer to induce cardiovascular fatigue.Main Outcome Measures:Postural sway, represented by center of pressure excursion, during bilateral standing in two different foot positions.Results:In a tandem standing position, mediolateral mean distance, root mean square distance, resultant power, and centroidal frequency increased signifcantly after inducement of cardiovascular fatigue.Conclusion:Cardiovascular fatigue adversely affects postural stability.
Improved Cycling Time-Trial Performance after Ingestion of a Caffeine Energy Drink
Authors: Ivy John L. , Kammer Lynne , Ding Zhenping , Wang Bei , Bernard Jeffrey R. , Liao Yi-Hung , Hwang Jungyun 
Published: August 2016

Context:Not all athletic competitions lend themselves to supplementation during the actual event, underscoring the importance of preexercise supplementation to extend endurance and improve exercise performance. Energy drinks are composed of ingredients that have been found to increase endurance and improve physical performance.Purpose:The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a commercially available energy drink, ingested before exercise, on endurance performance.Methods:The study was a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. After a 12-hr fast, 6 male and 6 female trained cyclists (mean age 27.3 ± 1.7 yr, mass 68.9 ± 3.2 kg, and VO2 54.9 ± 2.3 ml · kg–1 · min–1) consumed 500 ml of either flavored placebo or Red Bull Energy Drink (ED; 2.0 g taurine, 1.2 g glucuronolactone, 160 mg caffeine, 54 g carbohydrate, 40 mg niacin, 10 mg pantothenic acid, 10 mg vitamin B6, and 10 μg vitamin B12) 40 min before a simulated cycling time trial. Performance was measured as time to complete a standardized amount of work equal to 1 hr of cycling at 70% Wmax.Results:Performance improved with ED compared with placebo (3,690 ± 64 s vs. 3,874 ± 93 s, p < .01), but there was no difference in rating of perceived exertion between treatments. β-Endorphin levels increased during exercise, with the increase for ED approaching significance over placebo (p = .10). Substrate utilization, as measured by open-circuit spirometry, did not differ between treatments.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that consuming a commercially available ED before exercise can improve endurance performance and that this improvement might be in part the result of increased effort without a concomitant increase in perceived exertion.
Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on [HCO3−], pH, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Carr Amelia J. , Slater Gary J. , Gore Christopher J. , Dawson Brian , Burke Louise M. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is often ingested at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM), but ingestion protocols are inconsistent in terms of using solution or capsules, ingestion period, combining NaHCO3 with sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7), and coingested food and fluid.Purpose:To quantify the effect of ingesting 0.3 g/kg NaHCO3 on blood pH, [HCO3−], and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms over the subsequent 3 hr using a range of ingestion protocols and, thus, to determine an optimal protocol.Methods:In a crossover design, 13 physically active subjects undertook 8 NaHCO3 experimental ingestion protocols and 1 placebo protocol. Capillary blood was taken every 30 min and analyzed for pH and [HCO3−]. GI symptoms were quantified every 30 min via questionnaire. Statistics used were pairwise comparisons between protocols; differences were interpreted in relation to smallest worthwhile changes for each variable. A likelihood of >75% was a substantial change.Results:[HCO3−] and pH were substantially greater than in placebo for all other ingestion protocols at almost all time points. When NaHCO3 was coingested with food, the greatest [HCO3−] (30.9 mmol/kg) and pH (7.49) and lowest incidence of GI symptoms were observed. The greatest incidence of GI side effects was observed 90 min after ingestion of 0.3 g/kg NaHCO3 solution.Conclusions:The changes in pH and [HCO3−] for the 8 NaHCO3-ingestion protocols were similar, so an optimal protocol cannot be recommended. However, the results suggest that NaHCO3 coingested with a high-carbohydrate meal should be taken 120–150 min before exercise to induce substantial blood alkalosis and reduce GI symptoms.
Energy Deficiency, Menstrual Disturbances, and Low Bone Mass: What Do Exercising Australian Women Know About the Female Athlete Triad?
Authors: Miller Stephanie M. , Kukuljan Sonja , Turner Anne I. , van der Pligt Paige , Ducher Gaele 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:Prevention of the female athlete triad is essential to protect female athletes’ health. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of regularly exercising adult women in Australia toward eating patterns, menstrual cycles, and bone health.Methods:A total of 191 female exercisers, age 18–40 yr, engaging in ≥2 hr/wk of strenuous activity, completed a survey. After 11 surveys were excluded (due to incomplete answers), the 180 participants were categorized into lean-build sports (n = 82; running/athletics, triathlon, swimming, cycling, dancing, rowing), non-lean-build sports (n = 94; basketball, netball, soccer, hockey, volleyball, tennis, trampoline, squash, Australian football), or gym/fitness activities (n = 4).Results:Mean (± SD) training volume was 9.0 ± 5.5 hr/wk, with participants competing from local up to international level. Only 10% of respondents could name the 3 components of the female athlete triad. Regardless of reported history of stress fracture, 45% of the respondents did not think that amenorrhea (absence of menses for ≥3 months) could affect bone health, and 22% of those involved in lean-build sports would do nothing if experiencing amenorrhea (vs. 3.2% in non-lean-build sports, p = .005). Lean-build sports, history of amenorrhea, and history of stress fracture were all significantly associated with not taking action in the presence of amenorrhea (all p < .005).Conclusions:Few active Australian women are aware of the detrimental effects of menstrual dysfunction on bone health. Education programs are needed to prevent the female athlete triad and ensure that appropriate actions are taken by athletes when experiencing amenorrhea.
Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on 2,000-m Rowing-Ergometer Performance
Authors: Ducker Kagan J. , Dawson Brian , Wallman Karen E. 
Published: August 2016

Beta-alanine supplementation has been shown to improve exercise performance in short-term high-intensity efforts. However, whether supplementation with beta-alanine is ergogenic to actual sporting events remains unclear and should be investigated in field testing or race simulations.Purpose:The aim of this study was to assess if beta-alanine supplementation could improve 2,000-m rowing-ergometer performance in well-trained male rowers.Methods:Participants (N = 16) completed duplicate trials (2 × before supplementation and 2 × after supplementation) of a 2,000-m rowing-ergometer race separated by 28 days of either beta-alanine (n = 7; 80 mg · kg−1 BM · d−1) or placebo (n = 9; glucose) supplementation.Results:Beta-alanine group (pooled) race times improved by 2.9 ± 4.1 s and placebo group slowed by 1.2 ± 2.9 s, but these results were inconclusive for performance enhancement (p = .055, ES = 0.20, smallest worthwhile change = 49% beneficial). Race split times and average power outputs only significantly improved with beta-alanine at the 750-m (time –0.7 s, p = .01, power +3.6%, p = .03) and 1,000-m (time –0.5 s, p = .01, power +2.9%, p = .02) distances. Blood La− and pH postrace values were not different between groups before or after supplementation.Conclusions:Overall, 28 d of beta-alanine supplementation with 80 mg · kg−1 BM · d−1 (~7 g/d) did not conclusively improve 2,000-m rowing-ergometer performance in well-trained rowers.
Effect of Beta-Alanine With and Without Sodium Bicarbonate on 2,000-m Rowing Performance
Authors: Hobson Ruth M. , Harris Roger C. , Martin Dan , Smith Perry , Macklin Ben , Gualano Bruno , Sale Craig 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:To examine the effect of beta-alanine only and beta-alanine with sodium bicarbonate supplementation on 2,000-m rowing performance.Methods:Twenty well-trained rowers (age 23 ± 4 y; height 1.85 ± 0.08 m; body mass 82.5 ± 8.9 kg) were assigned to either a placebo or beta-alanine (6.4 g·d−1 for 4 weeks) group. A 2,000-m rowing time trial (TT) was performed before supplementation (Baseline) and after 28 and 30 days of supplementation. The post supplementation trials involved supplementation with either maltodextrin or sodium bicarbonate in a double-blind, crossover design, creating four study conditions (placebo with maltodextrin; placebo with sodium bicarbonate; beta-alanine with maltodextrin; beta-alanine with sodium bicarbonate). Blood lactate, pH, bicarbonate, and base excess were measured pre-TT, immediately post-TT and at TT+5 min. Performance data were analyzed using magnitude based inferences.Results:Beta-alanine supplementation was very likely to be beneficial to 2,000-m rowing performance (6.4 ± 8.1 s effect compared with placebo), with the effect of sodium bicarbonate having a likely benefit (3.2 ± 8.8 s). There was a small (1.1 ± 5.6 s) but possibly beneficial additional effect when combining chronic beta-alanine supplementation with acute sodium bicarbonate supplementation compared with chronic beta-alanine supplementation alone. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion led to increases in plasma pH, base excess, bicarbonate, and lactate concentrations.Conclusions:Both chronic beta-alanine and acute sodium bicarbonate supplementation alone had positive effects on 2,000-m rowing performance. The addition of acute sodium bicarbonate to chronic beta-alanine supplementation may further enhance rowing performance.