bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of downregulated HDAC 2 with the impaired mitochondrial function and cytokine secretion in the monocytes/macrophages from gestational diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Qu Xin , Yu Hongna , Jia Bei , Yu Xiaoyan , Cui Qing , Liu Zhifen , Sun Chengming , Chu Yongli 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases in later life, yet with underlying mechanisms unclear. The present study was to explore the association of upregulated histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC 2) with the impaired mitochondrial function and the cytokine secretion in the monocytes/macrophages from GDM patients. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial function, proinflamatory cytokine secretion and the HDAC 2 level in the serum or in the monocytes/macrophages from GDM patients, investigated the influence by HDAC 2 inhibitor, AR‐42 (N‐hydroxy‐4‐[[(2S)‐3‐methyl‐2‐phenylbutanoyl]amino]benzamide), on the mitochondrial function and cytokine secretion in the isolated GDM monocytes/macrophages. Results demonstrated an increased mitochondria size, mitochondrial superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and an undermined mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in the GDM monocytes/macrophages. And the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐6 were also markedly higher in the GDM pregnancies, while the expression and activity of HDAC 2 was downregulated. Moreover, AR‐42‐mediated HDAC 2 inhibition in vitro contributed to the impaired mitochondrial function and the proinflamatory cytokine secretion. In conclusion, this study suggests an association of the impaired mitochondrial function and the promoted proinflamatory cytokine secretion with the reduced HDAC 2 activity in GDM. These findings may present HDAC 2 as a target for GDM treatment.
Phosphorylation of syntaxin‐3 at Thr 14 negatively regulates exocytosis in RBL‐2H3 mast cells
Authors: Tadokoro Satoshi , Shibata Tetsuhiro , Inoh Yoshikazu , Amano Toshiro , Nakanishi Mamoru , Hirashima Naohide , Utsunomiya‐Tate Naoko 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins interact with each other, forming a SNARE complex that induces exocytosis in mast cells. Previously, we reported that syntaxin‐3, a SNARE protein, regulates mast cell exocytosis and is constantly phosphorylated. In this study, we tried to identify the amino acid residue that is phosphorylated in mast cells, and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of exocytosis by phosphorylation in syntaxin‐3. We found that Thr 14 of syntaxin‐3 was a phosphorylation site in mast cells. In addition, the overexpression of a constitutively dephosphorylated syntaxin‐3 (T14A) mutant enhanced mast cell exocytosis. We also showed that the phosphomimetic mutation of syntaxin‐3 at Thr 14 (T14E) induced structural changes in syntaxin‐3, and this mutation inhibited binding of syntaxin‐3 to Munc18‐2. These results suggest that phosphorylated syntaxin‐3 at Thr 14 negatively regulates mast cell exocytosis by impairing the interaction between syntaxin‐3 and Munc18‐2.
Bromination of Aromatic Compounds using Bromine in a Microreactor
Authors: Deng Qiulin , Shen Ruwei , Ding Rong , Zhang Lixiong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2,4,5‐Trifluorobromobenzene is a valuable intermediate with important application in the synthesis of biologically active peptides and fluorescent reagents. A continuous‐flow system has been successfully developed for the synthesis of 2,4,5‐trifluorobromobenzene in a microreactor using FeBr3 as a catalyst, which is steadily generated in situ from the reaction of Br2 and Fe. The procedure is efficient and easy‐to‐handle, and 2,4,5‐trifluorobromobenzene can be obtained within minutes in high yields.
Extraction of a Homogeneous Rhodium Catalyst from Saturated Branched Fatty Derivatives
Authors: Haßelberg Jennifer , Behr Arno , Herden Nathalie , Drescher Daniel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSaturated branched fatty derivatives are of great interest for the lubricants and cosmetics industry due to their improved temperature and viscosity behavior compared to the corresponding linear homologues. One way to produce saturated branched derivatives is the homogeneous rhodium‐catalyzed conjugation and co‐oligomerization of linoleic compounds based on renewable resources, e.g., sunflower oil, with ethene. The catalyst extraction behavior of the homogeneous rhodium catalyst RhCl3·3H2O from saturated branched fatty derivatives for catalyst recycling was studied. Investigation of the extraction parameters was performed using the model substance isostearic acid. Additionally, extraction of rhodium from co‐oligomer mixtures with different grade of saturation was carried out successfully. Also, the influence of solvent residues from prior reaction steps was evaluated.
Mechanism of Oxidative Amidation of Nitroalkanes with Oxygen and Amine Nucleophiles by Using Electrophilic Iodine
Authors: Li Jing , Lear Martin J. , Kwon Eunsang , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecently, we developed a direct method to oxidatively convert primary nitroalkanes into amides that entailed mixing an iodonium source with an amine, base, and oxygen. Herein, we systematically investigated the mechanism and likely intermediates of such methods. We conclude that an amine–iodonium complex first forms through N−halogen bonding. This complex reacts with aci‐nitronates to give both α‐iodo‐ and α,α‐diiodonitroalkanes, which can act as alternative sources of electrophilic iodine and also generate an extra equimolar amount of I+ under O2. In particular, evidence supports α,α‐diiodonitroalkane intermediates reacting with molecular oxygen to form a peroxy adduct; alternatively, these tetrahedral intermediates rearrange anaerobically to form a cleavable nitrite ester. In either case, activated esters are proposed to form that eventually reacts with nucleophilic amines in a traditional fashion.
Localizing Perturbations of the Racemic Equilibria Involving Dipicolinate‐Derived Lanthanide(III) Complexes
Authors: Nguyen Brian T. , Ingram Andrew J. , Muller Gilles 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHelical D3 tris(4‐amino‐2,6‐pyridine‐dicarboxylate)terbium(III) and europium(III) complexes, which form a racemic equilibrium in aqueous solution, were prepared to study their secondary coordination sphere interactions with chiral amino acids. These interactions were probed using a combination of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that, regardless of the interaction between the chiral molecule and the complex, without an accessible hydrogen‐bond donor on the associating molecule, perturbation of the racemic equilibrium cannot occur. A generalized conclusion is established that indicates that the mechanism of chiral recognition by tris(dipicolinate)lanthanide(III) complexes is similar across a variety of analogous ligands. Chirality 28:325–331, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Thorough QTc Study Confirms Early Pharmacokinetics/QTc Modeling: A Supratherapeutic Dose of Omarigliptin, a Once‐Weekly DPP‐4 Inhibitor, Does Not Prolong the QTc Interval
Authors: Tatosian Daniel A. , Cardillo Marricco Nadia , Glasgow Xiaoli Shirley , DeGroot Bruce , Dunnington Katherine , George Laura , Gendrano Isaias Noel , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Swearingen Dennis , Kauh Eunkyung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOmarigliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor being developed as a once‐weekly treatment for type 2 diabetes. This double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, 3‐period balanced crossover study definitively evaluated the effects of a supratherapeutic omarigliptin dose on QTc interval. Population‐specific correction of QT interval (QTcP) was used for the primary analysis. Healthy subjects (n = 60) were enrolled and received treatments separated by a ≥4‐week washout: (1) single‐dose 25 mg omarigliptin (day 1), single‐dose 175 mg omarigliptin (day 2); (2) placebo (day 1) followed by single‐dose 400 mg moxifloxacin (day 2); (3) placebo (days 1 and 2). Day 2 QTcP intervals were analyzed. The primary hypothesis was supported if the 90%CIs for the least‐squares mean differences between omarigliptin 175 mg and placebo in QTcP interval change from baseline were all < 10 milliseconds at every postdose point on day 2. The upper bounds of the 90%CIs for the differences (omarigliptin‐placebo) in QTcP change from baseline for omarigliptin 175 mg were < 10 milliseconds at all postdose times on day 2. In conclusion, a supratherapeutic dose of omarigliptin does not prolong the QTcP interval to a clinically meaningful degree relative to placebo, confirming the results of the earlier concentration‐QTc analysis.
Mother–offspring recognition in the domestic cat: Kittens recognize their own mother's call
Authors: Szenczi Péter , Bánszegi Oxána , Urrutia Andrea , Faragó Tamás , Hudson Robyn 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAcoustic communication can play an important part in mother‐young recognition in many mammals. This, however, has still only been investigated in a small range mainly of herd‐ or colony‐living species. Here we report on the behavioral response of kittens of the domestic cat, a typically solitary carnivore, to playbacks of “greeting chirps” and “meows” from their own versus alien mothers. We found significantly stronger responses to the chirps from kittens' own mother than to her meows or to the chirps or meows of alien mothers. Acoustic analysis revealed greater variation between vocalizations from different mothers than for vocalizations from the same mother. We conclude that chirps emitted by mother cats at the nest represent a specific form of vocal communication with their young, and that kittens learn and respond positively to these and distinguish them from chirps of other mothers and from other cat vocalizations while still in the nest. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 568–577, 2016.
Diabetes in HIV‐infected persons in Cameroon?
Authors: Grunfeld Carl , Dankner Rachel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the past, the increased prevalence of diabetes in HIV infection has been attributed to antiretroviral drugs. In this study, Cameroonians with HIV infection were shown in a paper in this issue of the Journal to be more likely to have diabetes if they were not on therapy. Future research should examine if the diabetes is related to the host response to infection or to socioeconomic factors that might both contribute to not being on anti‐retroviral therapy and predispose to diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold Nanoparticle@Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrid Scaffolds in Microfluidic Format – Highly Efficient and Green Catalytic Platforms
Authors: Scholder Pascal , Hafner Martina , Hassel Achim W. , Nischang Ivo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Pascal Scholder, Martina Hafner, Achim Walter Hassel, and Ivo Nischang from the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria, and the Jena Center for Soft Matter, Germany. The cover image shows the highly porous hybrid scaffold with attached gold nanoparticles functioning as an efficient “green” reactor.
Early life stress induces sex‐dependent increases in phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase in brains of mice with neuropathic pain
Authors: Nishinaka T. , Nakamoto K. , Tokuyama S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundBoth early life stress and neuropathic pain induce morphological and functional abnormalities of the nervous system that are associated with emotional regulation. In our previous study, early life stress enhanced nerve injury‐induced hyperalgesia in adult male and female mice. In the present study, using phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) as a marker of neuronal activation, we examined the effect of early life stress on neuronal function following partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL).MethodsEarly life stress was induced by maternal separation from 2 to 3 weeks of age and by social isolation after weaning (MSSI). Neuropathic pain was induced by PSL at 9 weeks of age, and p‐ERK expression after light touch stimulation to the ipsilateral paw was measured using immunohistochemistry 1 week after nerve injury.ResultsAlthough MSSI increased p‐ERK expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and amygdala of male mice, PSL did not affect p‐ERK expression in control and MSSI mice. In female mice, increased p‐ERK expression was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Furthermore, p‐ERK expression in the PVN and amygdala was increased in MSSI‐PSL mice.ConclusionsThe present data suggest that early life stress sex‐dependently and site‐specifically increases neuronal activity in the brain. In addition, increased neuronal activity in multiplebrain regions of mice subjected to early life stress may enhance hyperalgesia after nerve injury.What does this study add?Maternal separation and social isolation (MSSI) increased p‐ERK in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and amygdala of male mice. MSSI increased p‐ERK in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of female mice. Neuropathic pain increased p‐ERK in the PVN and amygdala of female MSSI mice.
Microscale combustion calorimeter—application and limitation
Authors: Zhuge Jinfeng , Chen Xin , KS Anil , Manica Drew P. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYA flammability evaluation tool that requires only milligram size sample is very attractive for plastic material development and quality control. One such instrument that has gained importance in recent years is the microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). In this study, a novel application using the MCC to quantify flame retardant mechanism efficiency is introduced. The results demonstrated that the qualitative understanding of the mechanism can be quantified. The factors that affect the quality of the MCC data were also discussed. It was found that factors such as flow rate perturbation, sample weight, oxygen level, loading/types of the additives, and method of the test have strong effects on the data quality. The results indicate that caution should be taken when operating the test and interpreting the MCC data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidermal carbonic anhydrase activity and exoskeletal metal content during the molting cycle of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus
Authors: Calhoun Stacy , Zou Enmin 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTDuring the crustacean molting cycle, the exoskeleton is first mineralized in postmolt and intermolt and then presumably demineralized in premolt in order for epidermal retraction to occur. The mineralization process calls for divalent metal ions, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, and bicarbonate ions whereas protons are necessary for dissolution of carbonate salts. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been suggested to be involved in exoskeletal mineralization by providing bicarbonate ions through catalyzing the reaction of carbon dioxide hydration. However, results of earlier studies on the role of epidermal CA in metal incorporation in crustacean exoskeleton are not consistent. This study was aimed to provide further evidence to support the notion that epidermal CA is involved in exoskeletal mineralization using the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun 1896), as the model crustacean. Significant increases first in calcium and magnesium then in manganese post‐ecdysis indicate significant metal deposition during postmolt and intermolt. Significant positive correlation between calcium or magnesium content and epidermal CA activity in postmolt and intermolt constitutes evidence that CA is involved in the mineralization of the crustacean exoskeleton. Additionally, we proposed a hypothetical model to describe the role of epidermal CA in both mineralization and demineralization of the exoskeleton based on the results of epidermal CA activity and exoskeletal metal content during the molting cycle. Furthermore, we found that the pattern of epidermal CA activity during the molting cycle of C. sapidus is similar to that of ecdysteroids reported for the same species, suggesting that epidermal CA activity may be under control of the molting hormones. J. Exp. Zool. 9999A:XX–XX, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sarcopenia as a predictor of pulmonary complications after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer
Authors: Nishigori Tatsuto , Okabe Hiroshi , Tanaka Eiji , Tsunoda Shigeru , Hisamori Shigeo , Sakai Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesSarcopenia or loss of skeletal muscle mass has been identified as a poor prognostic factor for a wide variety of diseases and conditions. We investigated whether preoperative sarcopenia is associated with postoperative complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy between September 2005 and July 2014 at Kyoto University Hospital. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed using preoperative computed tomographic scans by measuring the cross‐sectional muscle area at the third lumbar vertebral level.ResultsAmong the 199 eligible patients, 149 (75%) were classified as having sarcopenia. There was no difference in the incidence of overall complications between the groups (risk ratio [RR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–1.53, P = 0.54). However, pulmonary complications were significantly more frequent in the sarcopenia group than in the nonsarcopenia group (RR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.20–5.77, P = 0.007). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that sarcopenia was associated with a high adjusted risk of one or more pulmonary complications (odds ratio: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.14–7.69, P = 0.026).ConclusionsSarcopenia independently predicts pulmonary complications after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:678–684. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triterpene alcohols and sterols from rice bran reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in rodents and humans
Authors: Okahara Fumiaki , Suzuki Junko , Hashizume Kohjiro , Osaki Noriko , Shimotoyodome Akira 
Published: March 2016

ScopeHyperglycemia is a major public health problem worldwide and there is increasing demand for prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic, prediabetic, and healthy humans.Methods and resultsWe investigated whether rice bran and triterpene alcohol and sterol preparation (TASP) lowered hyperglycemia in mice and humans. Brown rice and white rice supplemented with TASP lowered the postprandial hyperglycemia in humans. TASP and its components (cycloartenol [CA], 24‐methylene cycloartanol, β‐sitosterol, and campesterol) decreased postprandial hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice. Glucose transport into everted rat intestinal sacs and human HuTu80 cells transfected with sodium–glucose cotransporter‐1 (SGLT1) was significantly reduced by the addition of CA. Intracellular localization analysis suggested that SGLT1 translocation to the apical plasma membrane was inhibited when the cells were treated with CA.ConclusionsWe demonstrated for the first time that TASP from rice bran lowered postprandial hyperglycemia in mice and humans. The smaller increase in blood glucose following TASP consumption may be due to the CA‐induced decrease in glucose absorption from the intestine, which may be related to decreased membrane translocation of SGLT1.
Survival From Childhood Hematological Malignancies in Denmark: Is Survival Related to Family Characteristics?
Authors: Erdmann Friederike , Winther Jeanette Falck , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Lightfoot Tracy , Zeeb Hajo , Simony Sofie Bay , Deltour Isabelle , Ferro Gilles , Bautz Andrea , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Schüz Joachim 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundDue to diverse findings as to the role of family factors for childhood cancer survival even within Europe, we explored a nationwide, register‐based cohort of Danish children with hematological malignancies.MethodsAll children born between 1973 and 2006 and diagnosed with a hematological malignancy before the age of 20 years (N = 1,819) were followed until 10 years from diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models estimating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the impact of family characteristics on overall survival in children with hematological malignancies.ResultsHaving siblings and increasing birth order were associated with reduced survival from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Associations with AML were strongest and statistically significant. HRs of 1.62 (CI 0.85; 3.09) and 5.76 (CI 2.01; 16.51) were observed for the fourth or later born children with ALL (N = 41) and AML (N = 9), respectively. Children with older parents showed a tendency toward inferior ALL survival, while for AML young maternal age was related to poorer survival. Based on small numbers, a trend toward poorer survival from non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was observed for children having siblings and for children of younger parents.ConclusionsFurther research is warranted to gain further knowledge on the impact of family factors on childhood cancer survival in other populations and to elaborate potential underlying mechanisms and pathways of those survival inequalities.
Electric field inhomogeneity in ohmic‐type CdTe detectors measured by time‐of‐flight technique
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiko , Sawada Takayuki , Seto Satoru 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe bias‐induced instability of the internal electric field in Ohmic‐type CdTe gamma‐ray detectors is investigated by using the time‐of‐flight technique. Based on the solution of one dimensional Poisson equation, transient current waveforms at different delays of laser excitation from the bias application and at different temperatures are analysed It is shown that under DC bias application, the internal electric field decreases with depth because of the positive space charge buildup in the detectors. Further, the origin of the space charge is attributed to the injection and successive trapping of holes from the anode side at the early stage of evolution and then later to the thermal release of electrons from a deep donor at 0.64 eV. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dislocations in MCT heteroepitaxial structures on (013) substrates and possibilities of dislocation density reducing
Authors: Sidorov Yury , Loshkarev Ivan , Sabinina Irina , Trukhanov Evgeny , Varavin Vasily , Yakushev Maksim , Kolesnikov Aleksei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDislocations in heterostructures CdTe/ZnTe/GaAs(013) and CdTe/ZnTe/Si(013) were investigated using selective etching and transmission electron microscopy. The calculations of critical film thickness hc were fulfilled for 12 various slip systems, the experimental results were obtained for 4 of them. Misfit dislocations are introduced in a ZnTe film at the stage of formation of the first monolayers. With their introduction, the crystal lattices of the substrate and the film unfold relative each other that is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction measurements. An increase in the dislocation density into the CdTe and HgCdTe films was observed using layer‐by‐layer etching. That is testifies to the annihilation of threading dislocations during the growth of CdTe and MCT films. The dislocation annihilation rate is higher in films grown on GaAs(013) than on Si(013). Perhaps this is due to the higher proportion of gliding dislocations in CdTe films on GaAs substrates (013). It was made annealing of MCT films under cyclic temperature change in such way that activity of MCT components was changed to enhance the non‐conservative motion of dislocations. As a result, the density of penetrating dislocations in the active areas in MCT films on silicon substrates was decreased to the value of 2.5×106 cm‐2. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)