bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AgRP Neuron-Specific Deletion of Glucocorticoid Receptor Leads to Increased Energy Expenditure and Decreased Body Weight in Female Mice on a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Shibata Miyuki , Banno Ryoichi , Sugiyama Mariko , Tominaga Takashi , Onoue Takeshi , Tsunekawa Taku , Azuma Yoshinori , Hagiwara Daisuke , Lu Wenjun , Ito Yoshihiro , Goto Motomitsu , Suga Hidetaka , Sugimura Yoshihisa , Oiso Yutaka , Arima Hiroshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAgouti-related protein (AgRP) expressed in the arcuate nucleus is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, which increases food intake and reduces energy expenditure resulting in increases in body weight (BW). Glucocorticoids, key hormones that regulate energy balance, have been shown in rodents to regulate the expression of AgRP. In this study, we generated AgRP-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Female and male KO mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) showed decreases in BW at the age of 6 weeks compared with wild-type mice, and the differences remained significant until 16 weeks old. The degree of resistance to diet-induced obesity was more robust in female than in male mice. On a chow diet, the female KO mice showed slightly but significantly attenuated weight gain compared with wild-type mice after 11 weeks, whereas there were no significant differences in BW in males between genotypes. Visceral fat pad mass was significantly decreased in female KO mice on HFD, whereas there were no significant differences in lean body mass between genotypes. Although food intake was similar between genotypes, oxygen consumption was significantly increased in female KO mice on HFD. In addition, the uncoupling protein-1 expression in the brown adipose tissues was increased in KO mice. These data demonstrate that the absence of GR signaling in AgRP neurons resulted in increases in energy expenditure accompanied by decreases in adiposity in mice fed HFD, indicating that GR signaling in AgRP neurons suppresses energy expenditure under HFD conditions.
Definição e estrutura dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Rocha Paulo Victor Vieira da 
Published: February 2016

O presente trabalho procura definir direitos fundamentais, assumindo como premissa sua gênese na doutrina dos direitos humanos e na posterior positivação desses, para depois demonstrar a atual distinção entre os conceitos não só no plano doutrinário, mas também dogmático. A partir da definição proposta de direitos fundamentais, que tem suporte no direito positivo brasileiro — mas que pode ser aplicada pelo menos à grande maioria dos estados democráticos de direito —, se chega a uma tentativa de compreender a estrutura lógica das normas que veiculam direitos fundamentais, inclusive, para tentar responder à questão sobre direitos relacionados à matéria tributária serem ou não fundamentais, no sentido analítico ou estrutural. Ao final, busca-se fazer uma defesa de certo modelo de aplicação dos direitos fundamentais com vistas à sua maior realização possível. The definition and structure of fundamental rights The present essay aims to define fundamental rights, taking for granted its genesis on the doctrine of human rights and on its subsequent constitutional prescription, to then demonstrate the current distinction between the concepts not only on the doctrinary, but also on the dogmatic plan. Since the proposed definition of fundamental rights, that is based on the Brazilian Law — but can be applied at least to the great majority of the Democratic States — the essay gets to an attempt to comprehend the logical structure of the norms that prescribe fundamental rights, also to answer the question wether rights concerning taxation are fundamental, on the analytical or structural sense. Finally, one tries to make a defense of a certain mode of application of fundamental rights searching its implementation as most as possible.
Regime jurídico da energia eólica no Brasil: uma discussão sobre autonomia tecnológica e revisão no sistema de leilões
Authors: Cabral Anne 
Published: February 2016

Este artigo busca discutir sobre o sistema de leilões para a exploração de energia eólica no Brasil. Parte do pressuposto da existência de elementos impositivos constitucionalmente para fins de superar o subdesenvolvimento nacional, notadamente a autonomia tecnológica, a qual deveria ser um elemento estruturador do regime jurídico da energia eólica no país. Para tanto, enseja-se a necessidade de alteração nos critérios dos leilões, de maneira que possam ir além do princípio da modicidade tarifária. Wind energy policy in Brazil: a discussion about technological autonomy and its impact on the reverse auction system This article seeks to discuss the reverse auction system for wind energy in Brazil, to do so, will be assumed that are elements constitutionally imposed to overcome underdevelopment, in particular, the principle of technological autonomy, which should be a defining element of the wind energy policy in this country. To this end, its requires adjustments on the selection criteria of the reverse auction system, in order to go beyond just the principle of small fee.
Evaluation of immunologic response of salivary sIg-A in pediatric tuberculosis patients to antigen Ag38-rec of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Indonesian strain
Authors: Raras Tri Yudani Mardining , Pritta Santi Diah Erma , Kusuma HMS Chandra 
Published: February 2016

Objective: We studied the immune response of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIg-A) from a pediatric tuberculosis (TB) group (scoring ≥6) and non-TB group (scoring <6) against recombinant Ag38 (Ag38-rec) fromMycobacterium tuberculosis Indonesian strain.Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight children were divided into three groups; those with TB (n=26), those with suspected TB (n=26), and healthy children (n=26), their saliva was collected, and salivary sIg-A was challenged with purified Ag38-rec using the dot blot method. A change of color from white to dark blue indicated a positive reaction.Results: The immune response of sIg-A of children with TB and those with suspected TB to Ag38-rec was not significantly different. In the TB group, Ag38-rec showed a higher sensitivity than protein purified derivative (PPD) (70.8% vs. 62.5%), but a lower specificity (26.9% vs. 34.62%). However, within both groups (scoring ≥6) as well as non-TB group (scoring <6) Ag38-rec was able to identify children with a positive TST (tuberculin skin test) better than PPD.Conclusion: The antigen Ag38-rec could not distinguish between children with TB (scores ≥6 and <6). However, it demonstrated the potential of Ag38-rec for use in screening for TB infection among children with suspect TB (scores <6).
Safe management of paediatric penetrating head injury without a CT scanner: A strategy for humanitarian surgeons based on experience in southern Afghanistan
Authors: Mathew P , Nott DM , Gentleman D 
Published: February 2016

Introduction In many parts of the world, access to a CT scanner remains almost non-existent, and patients with a head injury are managed expectantly, often with poor results. Recent military medical experience in southern Afghanistan using a well-equipped surgical facility with a CT scanner has provided new insights into safe surgical practice in resource-poor environments. Methods All cases of children aged under 16 years with penetrating head injury who were treated in a trauma unit in southern Afghanistan by a single neurosurgeon between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed. Based on a previously published retrospective review, a clinical strategy aimed specifically at generalist surgeons is proposed for selecting children who can benefit from surgical intervention in environments with no access to CT scanners. Results Fourteen patients were reviewed, of whom three had a tangential wound, 10 had a penetrating wound with retained fragments and one had a perforating injury. Two operations for generalist surgeons are described in detail: limited wound excision; and simple decompression of the intra-cranial compartment without brain resection or dural repair. Conclusions In resource-poor environments, clinically-based criteria may be used as a safe and appropriate strategy for selecting children who may benefit from relatively straightforward surgery after penetrating brain injury.
Gastrointestinal clear cell sarcoma-like tumour of the ascending colon
Authors: Gahanbani Ardakani A , Boyle DJ , Elton C 
Published: February 2016

Introduction A clear cell sarcoma-like gastrointestinal tumour (CCSLGT) is a rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma. In the literature, they are sometimes referred to as malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumours, clear cell sarcomas or osteoclast rich tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Case history We present a case of a CCSLGT arising from the ascending colon of a previously well 22-year-old man presenting with abdominal pain and anaemia. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed a 7cm irregular mass in the right flank that seemed to emerge from the proximal transverse colon. A laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was undertaken to remove the mass. Microscopic pathological examination of the specimen revealed sections of spindle to oval cells with monomorphic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. The cells were arranged in a striking perivascular growth pattern with microcytic breakdown and pseudopapillary formation. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the tumour cells removed expressed S100 protein, and were negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD34, CD117, DOG1, HMB-45 and MNF116. Additionally, cytogenetic testing identified EWSR1 gene rearrangement, which was observed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Conclusions A complex tumour, a CCSLGT can be thought of in simple terms as a gastrointestinal tract tumour that is S100 protein positive, osteoclast rich, HMB-45 negative and compromises a t(12;22)(q13;q12) gene translocation. These simplified CCSLGT characteristics seem to be described and classified under different aliases in the literature, which makes it difficult to accurately predict the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic modality required to provide the best clinical care. Given that this case report describes the fourth CCSLGT of primary colonic origins, it may aid future targeted therapies as well as offering epidemiological evidence on prevalence and prognosis.
Knee surgery and its evidence base
Authors: Sharma A , Hasan K , Carter A , Zaidi R , Cro S , Briggs T , Goldberg A 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Evidence driven orthopaedics is gaining prominence. It enables better management decisions and therefore better patient care. The aim of our study was to review a selection of the leading publications pertaining to knee surgery to assess changes in levels of evidence over a decade. Methods Articles from the years 2000 and 2010 in The Knee, the Journal of Arthroplasty, Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American Volume) and the Bone and Joint Journal were analysed and ranked according to guidelines from the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The intervening years (2003, 2005 and 2007) were also analysed to further define the trend. Results The percentage of high level evidence (level I and II) studies increased albeit without reaching statistical significance. Following a significant downward trend, the latter part of the decade saw a major rise in levels of published evidence. The most frequent type of study was therapeutic. Conclusions Although the rise in levels of evidence across the decade was not statistically significant, there was a significant drop and then rise in these levels in the interim. It is therefore important that a further study is performed to assess longer-term trends. Recent developments have made clear that high quality evidence will be having an ever increasing influence on future orthopaedic practice. We suggest that journals implement compulsory declaration of a published study’s level of evidence and that authors consider their study designs carefully to enhance the quality of available evidence.
Colorectal cancer outcomes in patients aged over 85 years
Authors: Ng O , Watts E , Bull CA , Morris R , Acheson A , Banerjea A 
Published: February 2016

Introduction The prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing in the elderly. We examined the treatment and outcomes in our institution of patients aged over 85 years with proven colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods One hundred and five patients were identified and stratified by treatment received: curative surgery (CS), other treatments (OT) or best supportive care (BSC). Data on demographics, staging, treatment and survival was collected and analysed. Results Forty two patients received CS, 36 OT and 27 BSC. While the treated groups (CS and OT) were similar in terms of age (p=0.35) and staging (p=0.16), BSC patients were significantly older and had higher stage disease (p<0.01). Survival was significantly poorer among BSC patients, at a mean of 9.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7–14.7) versus 41.6 months (95% CI 32.5–50.7) and OT 27.3 months (95% CI 20.4–34.1) for the CS and OT groups (p<0.001). There was no significant survival difference between CS and OT groups within 2 years of treatment (p=0.12). Thereafter, OT patients had a very similar 5-year survival to that of the BSC group, at 13% versus 43% in CS patients (p<0.001). Conclusions These data suggest that, up to 2 years following treatment, the risks of resectional surgery for colorectal cancer may neutralise any benefit. However, those that survive beyond this period show improvements. The challenge of improving patient selection is most acute in the growing ageing population, and highlights the current focus on presenting all treatment options to ‘a reasonable patient’.
Frailty and cognitive impairment: Unique challenges in the older emergency surgical patient
Authors: Moug SJ , Stechman M , McCarthy K , Pearce L , Myint PK , Hewitt J 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionOlder patients (>65 years of age) admitted as general surgical emergencies increasingly require improved recognition of their specific needs relative to younger patients. Two such needs are frailty and cognitive impairment. These are evolving research areas that the emergency surgeon increasingly requires knowledge of to improve short- and long-term patient outcomes.MethodsThis paper reviews the evidence for frailty and cognitive impairment in the acute surgical setting by defining frailty and cognitive impairment, introducing methods of diagnosis, discussing the influence on prognosis and proposing strategies to improve older patient outcomes.ResultsFrailty is present in 25% of the older surgical population. Using frailty-scoring tools, frailty was associated with a significantly longer hospital stay and higher mortality at 30 and 90 days after admission to an acute surgical unit. Cognitive impairment is present in a high number of older acute surgical patients (approximately 70%), whilst acute onset cognitive impairment, termed delirium, is documented in 18%. However, patients with delirium had significantly longer hospital stays and higher in-hospital mortality than those with cognitive impairment.ConclusionsImproved knowledge of frailty and delirium by the emergency surgeon allows the specialised needs of older surgical patients to be taken into account. Early recognition, and consideration of minimally invasive surgery or radiological intervention alongside potentially transferable successful elective interventions such as comprehensive geriatric assessment, may help to improve short- and long-term patient outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Privacy and Confidentiality Practices In Adolescent Family Planning Care At Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Beeson Tishra , Mead Katherine H. , Wood Susan , Goldberg Debora Goetz , Shin Peter , Rosenbaum Sara 
Published: February 2016

CONTEXTThe confidentiality of family planning services remains a high priority to adolescents, but barriers to implementing confidentiality and privacy practices exist in settings designed for teenagers who are medically underserved, including federally qualified health centers (FQHCs).METHODSA sample of 423 FQHCs surveyed in 2011 provided information on their use of five selected privacy and confidentiality practices, which were examined separately and combined into an index. Regression modeling was used to assess whether various state policies and organizational characteristics were associated with FQHCs’ scores on the index. In‐depth case studies of six FQHCs were conducted to provide additional contextual information.RESULTSAmong FQHCs reporting on confidentiality, most reported providing written or verbal information regarding adolescents’ rights to confidential care (81%) and limiting access to family planning and medical records to protect adolescents’ confidentiality (84%). Far fewer reported maintaining separate medical records for family planning (10%), using a security block on electronic medical records to prevent disclosures (43%) or using separate contact information for communications regarding family planning services (50%). Index scores were higher among FQHCs that received Title X funding than among those that did not (coefficient, 0.70) and among FQHCs with the largest patient volumes than among those with the smallest caseloads (0.43). Case studies highlighted how a lack of guidelines and providers’ confusion over relevant laws present a challenge in offering confidential care to adolescents.CONCLUSIONSThe organizational practices used to ensure adolescent family planning confidentiality in FQHCs are varied across organizations.
Grasshoppers, crickets (Orthoptera) and earwigs (Dermaptera) of Tovačov gravel pit (central Moravia, Czech Republic): New locality for several thermophilous species in anthropogenic secondary habitat
Authors: Trnka Filip , Rada Stanislav 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Study of Orthoptera and earwigs was conducted in Tovačov gravel pit in 2014. We have recorded 18 species of Orthoptera and 3 species of earwigs. The most significant recorded species are Cepero’s ground-hopper (Tetrix ceperoi), pygmy mole cricket (Xya variegata), Italian tree cricket (Oecanthus pellucens) and riparian earwig (Labidura riparia). Tovačov gravel pit poses the northernmost locality of T. ceperoi and X. variegata in the Czech Republic and the northernmost known locality in Moravia for O. pellucens. For the L. riparia, we present a founding from Tovačov together with another finding from Olomouc vicinity, which is currently the northernmost locality within Moravia. Our findings display recent spatial expansion of some thermophilous species. Moreover, we emphasize importance of (post)-industrial areas as secondary habitats for specialised endangered species.
Periodization Training Focused on Technical-Tactical Ability in Young Soccer Players Positively Affects Biochemical Markers and Game Performance
Authors: L. Q. T. Aquino Rodrigo , Cruz Gonçalves Luiz G. , Palucci Vieira Luiz H. , Oliveira Lucas P. , Alves Guilherme F. , Pereira Santiago Paulo R. , Puggina Enrico F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Aquino, RLQT, Cruz Gonçalves, LG, Palucci Vieira, LH, Oliveira, LP, Alves, GF, Pereira Santiago, PR, and Puggina, EF. Periodization training focused on technical-tactical ability in young soccer players positively affects biochemical markers and game performance. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2723–2732, 2016—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 22 weeks of periodized training, with an emphasis on technical-tactical ability, on indirect markers of muscle damage, and the on-field performance of young soccer players. Fifteen players (age 15.4 ± 0.2 years, height 172.8 ± 3.6 cm; body mass 61.9 ± 2.9 kg; % fat 11.7 ± 1.6; V̇o
2max 48.67 ± 3.24 ml·kg−1·min−1) underwent 4 stages of evaluation: prepreparatory stage—T0; postpreparatory stage—T1; postcompetitive stage I—T2 and; postcompetitive stage II—T3. The plasmatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated, as well as the on-field performance (movement patterns, tactical variables). Regarding the plasmatic activity of CK and LDH, there was a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) throughout the periodization training (T0: 350 U·L−1; T3: 150 U·L−1). Significant increases were observed (p ≤ 0.05) in the intensity of the game, high-intensity activities (HIA) (T0: 22%; T3: 27%), maximum speed (T0: 30 km·h−1; T3: 34 km·h−1) and tactical performance, team surface area (T0: 515 m2; T3: 683 m2), and spread (T0: 130 m; T3: 148 m). In addition, we found significant inverse correlations between the percentage variation of T0 to T3 in CK and LDH activities with percentage variation in high-intensity running (r = −0.85; p ≤ 0.05 and r = −0.84; p < 0.01, respectively) and HIA (r = −0.71 and r = −0.70; p ≤ 0.05, respectively) during the matches. We concluded that there was reduced activity in biochemical markers related to muscle damage, as well as increases in-game high-intensity performance and the tactical performance of the study participants. Furthermore, players who showed greater reduction in plasma activity of CK and LDH also obtained greater increases in-game high-intensity performance along the periodization. These results may contribute to the expansion and future consolidation of the knowledge of coaches and sport scientists to develop effective methodologies for training in soccer.
Una aproximación de los derechos humanos de las mujeres a partir de una lectura hermenéuticoanalógica-icónica de la historia de Tamar (2 Samuel 13:1-22)
Authors: Suarez Medina Gabriel Alfonso , Meza Rueda José Luis , Martínez Morales Víctor Marciano , Meldivelso Ana 
Published: February 2016

<span>Una lectura, desde la perspectiva de la hermenéutica analógica-icónica, de 2 <span>Samuel 13:1-22 puede contribuir a la transformación de la realidad personal y <span>comunitaria, pero también al desarrollo de una reflexión teológica preocupada <span>por los derechos humanos de las personas en contextos vulnerables de la sociedad colombiana, cuyo tejido social ha sido rasgado por el conflicto armado <span>y la violencia intrafamiliar. Se trata de una lectura que no se limita a legitimar <span>discursos (lectura unívoca, dogmática) o simplemente acepta cualquier interpretación (lectura equívoca, relativista) según intereses individuales, sino que <span>propone ir al contexto real de las situaciones para liberar las personas de sus <span>estigmas y devolverlas a la sociedad capaces de empoderarse y autoagenciarse, <span>porque proporciona mecanismos que les permiten hacer valer sus intereses de <span>manera legítima, así como exigirles a las entidades gubernamentales que acaten <span>los estándares de conducta a los que se han comprometido.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span><br /></span>
Hacia una propuesta de teología evangélica
Authors: Novoa Carlos 
Published: February 2016

<span>Teología es una palabra que genera desconcierto e incluso aburrimiento al común de las personas. Contrario a ello, y es el argumento que guía este artículo, <span>la teología es un acaecer sugerente, entusiasmante y llena de un gran sentido <span>e importancia en medio del convulsionado mundo que vivimos. Existe una <span>infinidad de teologías, en medio de las cuales este escrito formula de manera <span>sintética una propuesta teológica desde el evangelio. La exégesis bíblica se <span>constituye en el punto de partida de la argumentación, y los ejes fundamentales <span>del planteamiento están constituidos por la ausencia de retórica y casuística <span>farisea; vivir a fondo el camino de Jesús; aprehenderlo como un acontecer histórico, seductor y exigente, que nos lanza a las más benéficas transformaciones <span>personales y sociales; y reivindicar la capitalidad del evangelio, la Iglesia y el <span>Reinado de Dios.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>