bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new proteinaceous pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) identified in Ascomycete fungi induces cell death in Solanaceae
Authors: Franco‐Orozco Barbara , Berepiki Adokiye , Ruiz Olaya , Gamble Louise , Griffe Lucie L. , Wang Shumei , Birch Paul R. J. , Kanyuka Kostya , Avrova Anna 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are detected by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which gives rise to PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI). We characterized a novel fungal PAMP, Cell Death Inducing 1 (RcCDI1), identified in the Rhynchosporium commune transcriptome sampled at an early stage of barley (Hordeum vulgare) infection.

The ability of RcCDI1 and its homologues from different fungal species to induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana was tested following agroinfiltration or infiltration of recombinant proteins produced by Pichia pastoris. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient expression of Phytophthora infestans effectors PiAVR3a and PexRD2 were used to assess the involvement of known components of PTI in N. benthamiana responses to RcCDI1.

RcCDI1 was highly upregulated early during barley colonization with R. commune. RcCDI1 and its homologues from different fungal species, including Zymoseptoria tritici, Magnaporthe oryzae and Neurospora crassa, exhibited PAMP activity, inducing cell death in Solanaceae but not in other families of dicots or monocots. RcCDI1‐triggered cell death was shown to require N. benthamiana Brassinosteroid insensitive 1‐Associated Kinase 1 (NbBAK1), N. benthamiana suppressor of BIR1‐1 (NbSOBIR1) and N. benthamiana SGT1 (NbSGT1), but was not suppressed by PiAVR3a or PexRD2.

We report the identification of a novel Ascomycete PAMP, RcCDI1, recognized by Solanaceae but not by monocots, which activates cell death through a pathway that is distinct from that triggered by the oomycete PAMP INF1.
Overcompensation of herbivore reproduction through hyper‐suppression of plant defenses in response to competition
Authors: Schimmel Bernardus C. J. , Ataide Livia M. S. , Chafi Rachid , Villarroel Carlos A. , Alba Juan M. , Schuurink Robert C. , Kant Merijn R. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Spider mites are destructive arthropod pests on many crops. The generalist herbivorous mite Tetranychus urticae induces defenses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and this constrains its fitness. By contrast, the Solanaceae‐specialist Tetranychus evansi maintains a high reproductive performance by suppressing tomato defenses. Tetranychus evansi outcompetes T. urticae when infesting the same plant, but it is unknown whether this is facilitated by the defenses of the plant.

We assessed the extent to which a secondary infestation by a competitor affects local plant defense responses (phytohormones and defense genes), mite gene expression and mite performance.

We observed that T. evansi switches to hyper‐suppression of defenses after its tomato host is also invaded by its natural competitor T. urticae. Jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) defenses were suppressed more strongly, albeit only locally at the feeding site of T. evansi, upon introduction of T. urticae to the infested leaflet. The hyper‐suppression of defenses coincided with increased expression of T. evansi genes coding for salivary defense‐suppressing effector proteins and was paralleled by an increased reproductive performance.

Together, these observations suggest that T. evansi overcompensates its reproduction through hyper‐suppression of plant defenses in response to nearby competitors. We hypothesize that the competitor‐induced overcompensation promotes competitive population growth of T. evansi on tomato.
Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease: Winter versus summer
Authors: Ozeki Yukie , Yamada Fumiya , Kishimoto Tsuyoshi , Yashiro Mayumi , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) shows seasonal variations, although the etiology of KD is unknown. In this study, we compared the clinical epidemiology of KD onset in winter versus that in summer to identify its etiology, that is, infectious agents.MethodsEpidemiologic features of KD were compared between two seasons with high incidence (January [winter] and July [summer]) using a dataset of the 22nd nationwide survey in Japan. Data on patients who visited hospital during 2011–2012 in Japan were analyzed after adjusting for age differences. Subgroup analysis was carried out for day of illness at the day of first hospital visit.ResultsThe total number of KD patients reported in the survey was 26 691. The number of patients who visited hospital with KD for the first time in January and July was 2,812 and 2,302, respectively. The proportion of patients in the age group 15 months–3 years was 38.8% in January and 33.5% in July. Mean serum albumin was significantly lower in January than in July (at days 2–5 of illness, P < 0.05). There were no between‐group differences with respect to treatment, incidence of cardiac lesions, recurrence, or history of KD among the patients' siblings and parents.ConclusionNo significant differences were observed between KD with onset in January and July, although minor differences with respect to age distribution and serum albumin were observed.
Validation and determination of a reference interval for canine HbA1c using an immunoturbidimetric assay
Authors: Goemans Anne F. , Spence Susanna J. , Ramsey Ian K. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provides a reliable measure of glycemic control over 2–3 months in human diabetes mellitus. In dogs, presence of HbA1c has been demonstrated, but there are no validated commercial assays.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to validate a commercially available automated immunoturbidimetric assay for canine HbA1c and determine an RI in a hospital population.MethodsThe specificity of the assay was assessed by inducing glycosylation in vitro using isolated canine hemoglobin, repeatability by measuring canine samples 5 times in succession, long term inter‐assay imprecision by measuring supplied control materials, stability using samples stored at 4°C over 5 days and −20°C over 8 weeks, linearity by mixing samples of known HbA1c in differing proportions, and the effect of anticoagulants with paired samples. An RI was determined using EDTA‐anticoagulated blood samples from 60 nondiabetic hospitalized animals of various ages and breeds. Hemoglobin A1c was also measured in 10 diabetic dogs.ResultsThe concentration of HbA1c increased proportionally with glucose concentration in vitro. For repeat measurements, the CV was 4.08% (range 1.16–6.10%). Samples were stable for 5 days at 4°C. The assay was linear within the assessed range. Heparin‐ and EDTA‐anticoagulated blood provided comparable results. The RI for HbA1c was 9–18.5 mmol/mol. There was no apparent effect of age or breed on HbA1c. In diabetic dogs, HbA1c ranged from 14 to 48 mmol/mol.ConclusionsThe assay provides a reliable method for canine HbA1c measurement with good analytic performance.
Dampened activity of ryanodine receptor channels in mutant skeletal muscle lacking TRIC‐A
Authors: El‐Ajouz Sam , Venturi Elisa , Witschas Katja , Beech Matthew , Wilson Abigail D. , Lindsay Chris , Eberhardt David , O'Brien Fiona , Iida Tsunaki , Nishi Miyuki , Takeshima Hiroshi , Sitsapesan Rebecca 
Published: April 2017

Key points
The role of trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) channels is not known, although evidence suggests they may regulate ryanodine receptors (RyR) via multiple mechanisms. We therefore investigated whether Tric‐a gene knockout (KO) alters the single‐channel function of skeletal RyR (RyR1).
We find that RyR1 from Tric‐a KO mice are more sensitive to inhibition by divalent cations, although they respond normally to cytosolic Ca2+, ATP, caffeine and luminal Ca2+.
In the presence of Mg2+, ATP cannot effectively activate RyR1 from Tric‐a KO mice.
Additionally, RyR1 from Tric‐a KO mice are not activated by protein kinase A phosphorylation, demonstrating a defect in the ability of β‐adrenergic stimulation to regulate sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+‐release.
The defective RyR1 gating that we describe probably contributes significantly to the impaired SR Ca2+‐release observed in skeletal muscle from Tric‐a KO mice, further highlighting the importance of TRIC‐A for normal physiological regulation of SR Ca2+‐release in skeletal muscle.
AbstractThe type A trimeric intracellular cation channel (TRIC‐A) is a major component of the nuclear and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes of cardiac and skeletal muscle, and is localized closely with ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels in the SR terminal cisternae. The skeletal muscle of Tric‐a knockout (KO) mice is characterized by Ca2+ overloaded and swollen SR and by changes in the properties of SR Ca2+ release. We therefore investigated whether RyR1 gating behaviour is modified in the SR from Tric‐a KO mice by incorporating native RyR1 into planar phospholipid bilayers under voltage‐clamp conditions. We find that RyR1 channels from Tric‐a KO mice respond normally to cytosolic Ca2+, ATP, adenine, caffeine and to luminal Ca2+. However, the channels are more sensitive to the inactivating effects of divalent cations, thus, in the presence of Mg2+, ATP is inadequate as an activator. Additionally, channels are not characteristically activated by protein kinase A even though the phosphorylation levels of Ser2844 are similar to controls. The results of the present study suggest that TRIC‐A functions as an excitatory modulator of RyR1 channels within the SR terminal cisternae. Importantly, this regulatory action of TRIC‐A appears to be independent of (although additive to) any indirect consequences to RyR1 activity that arise as a result of K+ fluxes across the SR via TRIC‐A.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in School-Aged Children
Authors: Keane Eimear , Li Xia , Harrington Janas M. , Fitzgerald Anthony P. , Perry Ivan J. , Kearney Patricia M. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:Globally, public health policies are targeting modifiable lifestyle behaviors. We explore the independent association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior on the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.Method:A cross-sectional survey of children aged 8–11 years (N = 826). Objective body mass index was used to classify children as normal weight or overweight/obese. Children wore wrist-worn Geneactiv accelerometers for 7-days and thresholds were applied to categorize MVPA and sedentary time. Screen time (ST) was parent reported. Poisson regression examined the independent association of (1) MVPA (2), objective sedentary time and (3) ST on the risk of overweight/obesity.Results:Overall, 23.7% (95% CI, 20.8–26.6%) of children were overweight/obese. On average, children spent 10.8% of waking time at MVPA and 61.3% sedentary. One-fifth (22.1%, 95% CI, 19.3–25.0%) of children achieved MVPA recommendations (≥ 60 min each day) and 17.5% (95% CI, 14.9–20.1%) met ST recommendations (<2 hr per day). Time spent at MVPA was inversely associated with the risk of overweight/obese independent of total sedentary time. Total time spent sedentary was not associated with overweight/obese independent of MVPA. ST was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obese independent of physical activity.Conclusion:Few schoolchildren met physical activity and screen time recommendations suggesting population based measures are needed.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates Exhibiting Decreased Meropenem Susceptibility
Authors: Price Erin P. , Smith Melissa Laird , Paxinos Ellen E. , Tallon Luke J. , Sadzewicz Lisa , Sengamalay Naomi , Baird Robert W. , Currie Bart J. , Sarovich Derek S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here paired isogenic
Burkholderia pseudomallei
genomes obtained from three patients receiving intravenous meropenem for melioidosis treatment, with post-meropenem isolates developing decreased susceptibility. Two genomes were finished, and four were drafted to improved high-quality standard. These genomes will be used to identify meropenem resistance mechanisms in
B. pseudomallei
.
Genome Sequences of
Cyberlindnera fabianii
65,
Pichia kudriavzevii
129, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 131 Isolated from Fermented Masau Fruits in Zimbabwe
Authors: van Rijswijck Irma M. H. , Derks Martijn F. L. , Abee Tjakko , de Ridder Dick , Smid Eddy J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Cyberlindnera fabianii
65,
Pichia kudriavzevii
129, and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
131 have been isolated from the microbiota of fermented masau fruits.
C. fabianii
and
P. kudriavzevii
especially harbor promising features for biotechnology and food applications. Here, we present the draft annotated genome sequences of these isolates.
First Complete Genome Sequences of Porcine Bocavirus Strains from East Africa
Authors: Amimo J. O. , Njuguna J. , Machuka E. , Okoth E. , Djikeng A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the first complete genome sequences of two strains of porcine bocavirus (JOA_011 and JOA_015) detected in Uganda and Kenya, respectively. These data will help in understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the porcine bocaviruses in this region and the development of appropriate diagnostic and control tools.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Serotypes 5, 6A, 6B, 18C, 19A, and 23F
Authors: Jakobsson Hedvig E. , Salvà-Serra Francisco , Thorell Kaisa , Karlsson Roger , Gonzales-Silès Lucia , Boulund Fredrik , Engstrand Lars , Kristiansson Erik , Moore Edward R. B. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a pathogenic bacterium found most commonly in the respiratory tract of humans and is a common cause of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of six
S. pneumoniae
strains: CCUG 1350, CCUG 7206, CCUG 11780, CCUG 33774, CCUG 35180, and CCUG 35272.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Closely Related Bacteria,
Actinomyces
sp. Strain Chiba101 and Actinomyces denticolens DSM 20671
T
Authors: Kanesaki Yu , Ishige Taichiro , Sekigawa Yuriko , Kobayashi Tomoko , Torii Yasushi , Yokoyama Eiji , Ishiwata Hiroyuki , Hamada Moriyuki , Tamura Tomohiko , Azuma Ryozo , Murakami Satoshi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Actinomyces
sp. strain Chiba101, isolated from an arthritic leg joint of a pig raised in Japan, is a bacterium closely related to
Actinomyces denticolens
. Here, we deciphered the complete genome sequence of
Actinomyces
sp. Chiba101 and the high-quality draft genome sequence of
A. denticolens
DSM 20671
T
.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1601, Displaying Biocontrol against Soilborne Phytopathogens
Authors: Vida Carmen , de Vicente Antonio , Cazorla Francisco M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, we present the draft genome sequence of the bacterial strain
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
PCL1601. This bacterium was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy avocado trees and displayed antagonistic and biological control activities against different soilborne phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas pachastrellae Strain CCUG 46540
T
, a Deep-Sea Bacterium
Authors: Gomila Margarita , Mulet Magdalena , Lalucat Jorge , García-Valdés Elena 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas pachastrellae
strain CCUG 46540
T
(KMM 330
T
) was isolated from a deep-sea sponge specimen collected in the Philippine Sea at a depth of 750 m. The draft genome has an estimated size of 4.0 Mb, exhibits a G+C content of 61.2 mol%, and is predicted to encode 3,592 proteins, including pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Xylose-Fermenting Candida intermedia Strains CBS 141442 and PYCC 4715
Authors: Moreno Antonio D. , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Soler Lucile , Dainat Jacques , Olsson Lisbeth , Geijer Cecilia 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Sustainable biofuel production from lignocellulosic materials requires efficient and complete use of all abundant sugars in the biomass, including xylose. Here, we report on the
de novo
genome assemblies of two strains of the xylose-fermenting yeast
Candida intermedia
: CBS 141442 and PYCC 4715.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Salmacisia buchloëana
(Basidiomycota), Which Induces Hermaphroditism in Dioecious Buffalograss
Authors: Huff David R. , Hsiang Tom , Chandra Ambika , Zhang Yu 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome of
Salmacisia buchloëana
type strain OK1, a monotypic species of fungi that induces ovary development in genetic male plants and increases reproductive biomass allocation in its host buffalograss. This research will enhance our understanding of fungal manipulation of host development at the genomic level.
Complete Genome Sequence of Actinomyces hongkongensis HKU8
T
Isolated from Human Blood
Authors: Gao Yan-xia , Zhou Yu-yan , Xie Ying , Wang Man , Wang Shu-juan , Shen Shi-gang 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus
Actinomyces
are strongly associated with human diseases. We present here the complete genome sequence of
Actinomyces hongkongensis
HKU8
T
, which consists of one circular chromosome. The strain characteristically contains various genes encoding for enzymes involved in arylamidase utilization.
Genome Sequence of a Spontaneous Nonhemolytic Mutant of Mannheimia haemolytica 16041065 GH
Authors: Ayalew Sahlu , Confer Anthony W. , Hansen Richard D. , Couger Matthew Brian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of a spontaneous nonhemolytic mutant of
Mannheimia haemolytica
16041065 GH. This mutant arose during routine passage and was devoid of hemolytic activity on standard blood agars. This genome sequence had a total size of 2.7 Mb with an
N
50
of 117 kb.
Risk factors associated with current intimate partner violence at individual and relationship levels: a cross-sectional study among married rural migrant women in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tu Xiaowen , Lou Chaohua 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo identify individual and relationship risk factors associated with current intimate partner violence (IPV) against married rural migrant women in Shanghai, China.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTwo subdistricts of one administrative district, Shanghai, China.ParticipantsA total of 958 married rural migrant women of reproductive age were selected using a community-based two-stage cluster sampling method in April and May of 2010.Outcome measuresData were collected using a modified questionnaire based on an instrument from the WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI from a multivariable logistic regression model were estimated to identify individual and relationship risk factors associated with different types of violence in the past 12 months.ResultsWomen’s low financial autonomy was associated with all types of violence (AORs ranged from 1.98 to 7.89, p<0.05). Quarrelling with husband was a very strong risk factor (AORs >6, p<0.05) for both emotional violence and any violence. Experience of job change in the past year (AOR=4.03, 95% CI 1.57 to 10.35) and history of husband being abused (AOR=4.67, 95% CI 2.17 to 7.69) were strongly associated with physical or sexual violence.ConclusionWomen’s low financial autonomy and unstable employment status at an individual level, quarrelling with husband and history of husband beaten by family members at a relationship level were identified as the most robust risk factors for IPV among married rural migrant women. Efforts to prevent IPV among this population should be made to involve both women and their husbands, with a focus on improving financial autonomy and employment status of women, promoting problem-solving and interaction skills of the couples and changing their knowledge and attitudes towards gender norms and IPV.
Translating concerns into action: a detailed qualitative evaluation of an interdisciplinary intervention on medical wards
Authors: Pannick Samuel , Archer Stephanie , Johnston Maximillian J , Beveridge Iain , Long Susannah Jane , Athanasiou Thanos , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo understand how frontline reports of day-to-day care failings might be better translated into improvement.DesignQualitative evaluation of an interdisciplinary team intervention capitalising on the frontline experience of care delivery. Prospective clinical team surveillance (PCTS) involved structured interdisciplinary briefings to capture challenges in care delivery, facilitated organisational escalation of the issues they identified, and feedback. Eighteen months of ethnography and two focus groups were conducted with staff taking part in a trial of PCTS.ResultsPCTS fostered psychological safety—a confidence that the team would not embarrass or punish those who speak up. This was complemented by a hard edge of accountability, whereby team members would regulate their own behaviour in anticipation of future briefings. Frontline concerns were triaged to managers, or resolved autonomously by ward teams, reversing what had been well-established normalisations of deviance. Junior clinicians found a degree of catharsis in airing their concerns, and their teams became more proactive in addressing improvement opportunities. PCTS generated tangible organisational changes, and enabled managers to make a convincing case for investment. However, briefings were constrained by the need to preserve professional credibility, and staff found some comfort in avoiding accountability . At higher organisational levels, frontline concerns were subject to competition with other priorities, and their resolution was limited by the scale of the challenges they described.ConclusionsProspective safety strategies relying on staff-volunteered data produce acceptable, negotiated accounts, subject to the many interdisciplinary tensions that characterise ward work. Nonetheless, these strategies give managers access to the realities of frontline cares, and support frontline staff to make incremental changes in their daily work. These are goals for learning healthcare organisations.Trial registrationISRCTN 34806867.
Improving Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Rates in the Medical Units
Authors: Taha Haytham , Raji Salama J. , Khallaf Abeer , Abu Hija Seham , Mathew Raji , Rashed Hanan , Du Plessis Christelle , Allie Zaytoen , Ellahham Samer 
Published: April 2017

Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC) in Abu Dhabi is the main tertiary care referral hospital in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with 560 bed capacity with a high occupancy rate. SKMC senior management has made a commitment to make quality and patient safety a top priority. Preventing health care associated infections, including Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), is a high priority for our hospital.In order to improve CAUTI rates a multidisciplinary task force team was formed and led this performance improvement project. The purpose of this publication is to indicate the quality improvement interventions implemented to reduce CAUTI rates and the outcome of those interventions.We chose to conduct the pilot study in General Medicine as it is the busiest department in the hospital, with an average of 390 patients admitted per month during the study period. The study period was from March 2015 till April 2016. Our aim was to reduce CAUTI rates per 1000 device days in the medical units. Implemented interventions resulted in a reduction of CAUTI from 6.8 per 1000 device days in March 2015 to zero CAUTI in February through April 2016.