bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐retroviral antibody FcγR‐mediated effector functions
Authors: Bournazos Stylianos , Ravetch Jeffrey V. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe antiviral activity of antibodies reflects the bifunctional properties of these molecules. While the Fab domains mediate highly specific antigenic recognition to block virus entry, the Fc domain interacts with diverse types of Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) expressed on the surface of effector leukocytes to induce the activation of distinct immunomodulatory pathways. Fc‐FcγR interactions are tightly regulated to control IgG‐mediated inflammation and immunity and are largely determined by the structural heterogeneity of the IgG Fc domain, stemming from differences in the primary amino acid sequence of the various subclasses, as well as the structure and composition of the Fc‐associated N‐linked glycan. Engagement of specific FcγR types on effector leukocytes has diverse consequences that affect several aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the complexity of FcγR‐mediated pathways, discussing their role in the in vivo protective activity of anti‐HIV‐1 antibodies. We focus on recent studies on broadly neutralizing anti‐HIV‐1 antibodies that revealed that Fc‐FcγR interactions are required to achieve full therapeutic activity through clearance of IgG‐opsonized virions and elimination of HIV‐infected cells. Manipulation of Fc‐FcγR interactions to specifically activate distinct FcγR‐mediated pathways has the potential to affect downstream effector responses, influencing thereby the in vivo protective activity of anti‐HIV‐1 antibodies; a strategy that has already been successfully applied to other IgG‐based therapeutics, substantially improving their clinical efficacy.
Genetic and structural analyses of affinity maturation in the humoral response to HIV‐1
Authors: Kepler Thomas B. , Wiehe Kevin 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMost broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) elicited in response to HIV‐1 infection are extraordinarily mutated. One goal of HIV‐1 vaccine development is to induce antibodies that are similar to the most potent and broad BNAbs isolated from infected subjects. The most effective BNAbs have very high mutation frequencies, indicative of the long periods of continual activation necessary to acquire the BNAb phenotype through affinity maturation. Understanding the mutational patterns that define the maturation pathways in BNAb development is critical to vaccine design efforts to recapitulate through vaccination the successful routes to neutralization breadth and potency that have occurred in natural infection. Studying the mutational changes that occur during affinity maturation, however, requires accurate partitioning of sequence data into B‐cell clones and identification of the starting point of a B‐cell clonal lineage, the initial V(D)J rearrangement. Here, we describe the statistical framework we have used to perform these tasks. Through the recent advancement of these and similar computational methods, many HIV‐1 ancestral antibodies have been inferred, synthesized and their structures determined. This has allowed, for the first time, the investigation of the structural mechanisms underlying the affinity maturation process in HIV‐1 antibody development. Here, we review what has been learned from this atomic‐level structural characterization of affinity maturation in HIV‐1 antibodies and the implications for vaccine design.
How IT executives create organizational benefits by translating environmental strategies into Green IS initiatives
Authors: Loeser Fabian , Recker Jan , Brocke Jan vom , Molla Alemayehu , Zarnekow Ruediger 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOrganizations increasingly recognize that environmental sustainability is an urgent problem. Green information systems (Green IS) initiatives can assist organizations in reaching their environmental goals by providing the ability to reduce the environmental impacts of information technology (IT) manufacturing, operations and disposal; facilitate transparency and enhance the efficiency of organizational resources and business processes; and foster eco‐products through technological innovation. However, the nature and type of benefits such initiatives can accrue remain poorly understood, and accordingly, IT executives struggle to integrate environmental aspects in the corporate strategy and to launch Green IS initiatives. This paper clarifies the mechanisms that link organizational beliefs about environmental sustainability to Green IT and Green IS actions undertaken, and the organizational benefits that accrue from these actions. Using data from a global survey of 118 senior‐level IT executives, we find that Green IS strategies mediate the relationship between environmental orientation and the implementation of Green IT practices and Green IS practices, which in turn lead to organizational benefits in the form of cost reductions, corporate reputation enhancement and Green innovation capabilities. Our findings have implications for the potential of IS to enable organizations' environmental sustainability and also for the differentiation of Green IT and Green IS practices.
Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept
Authors: Slomka Vera , Hernandez‐Sanabria Emma , Herrero Esteban Rodriguez , Zaidel Lynette , Bernaerts Kristel , Boon Nico , Quirynen Marc , Teughels Wim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.Material and MethodsUsing Phenotype MicroArrays as a high‐throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial‐pathogen) competition assays.ResultsIncreased respiratory activity could not always be related to an increase in growth or biofilm formation. Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. Two compounds, beta‐methyl‐d‐galactoside and N‐acetyl‐d‐mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level.ConclusionOur observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health.
Effects of manual therapy and exercise targeting the hips in patients with low‐back pain—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bade Michael , Cobo‐Estevez Manuel , Neeley Darren , Pandya Jeevan , Gunderson Travis , Cook Chad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRationaleThe benefits of providing manual therapy and exercise targeting the hips in individuals with mechanical low‐back pain (LBP) are not well established.ObjectivesThe objective in this study is to determine whether a formal prescriptive treatment protocol for the hips improves outcomes in patients with a primary complaint of mechanical LBP.MethodsEighty‐four (84) subjects (50 males, 46.1 ± 16.2 years) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine only (LBP) (n = 39) or pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine and prescriptive treatment of bilateral hips (LBP + HIP) (n = 45). Pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine was based upon published clinical guidelines. Prescriptive treatment of the hips involved the use of 3 hip exercises targeting the gluteal musculature and 3 mobilization techniques targeting the hips. Subjects were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and at discharge with the following measures: Modified Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, a global rating of change (GRoC) score, the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and patient satisfaction.ResultsAt 2 weeks, significant differences between groups differences were found in GRoC and patient satisfaction (P < .05) favoring the LBP + HIP group. At discharge, there were significant differences on the Modified Oswestry Disability Index, numeric pain rating scale, GRoC, and patient satisfaction favoring the LBP + HIP group (P < .05). Effect sizes were small to medium.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a prescriptive treatment of the hips may be of clinical value to individuals presenting with the primary complaint of mechanical LBP.
ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 1236C/T polymorphism significantly affects the therapeutic outcome of tacrolimus in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: Onodera Motoyuki , Endo Katsuya , Kakuta Yoichi , Kuroha Masatake , Kimura Tomoya , Hiramoto Keiichiro , Kanazawa Yoshitake , Negoro Kenichi , Shiga Hisashi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimTacrolimus is now considered to be one of the main therapeutic options for refractory ulcerative colitis. Both cytochrome P‐450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) associated with tacrolimus metabolism are known to have several genetic polymorphisms. However, it remains controversial whether these polymorphisms affect the therapeutic efficacy for ulcerative colitis. We aimed to investigate the influence of both CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the efficacy of tacrolimus in ulcerative colitis treatment under the tight dose‐adjusting strategy.MethodsSixty‐one Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis treated with tacrolimus were enrolled retrospectively. Tacrolimus treatment was performed using the tight dose‐adjusting strategy. Genotyping for CYP3A5*3, ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>A,T, and 3435C>T were performed, and the clinical outcomes at 12 weeks after the initiation of tacrolimus were compared among the genotypes.ResultsThere was no association between the CYP3A5 genotypes and therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, a significant association was observed with the ABCB1 1236C > T polymorphism and therapeutic efficacy. The ABCB1 1236CC+CT groups (n = 41) had a significantly higher response rate (73% vs 35%; P = 0.004) and remission rate (61% vs 20%; P = 0.002) than the TT group (n = 20). The multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed that ABCB1 1236C>T was identified as an independent factor associated with remission.ConclusionsABCB1 1236C>T polymorphism significantly affects the therapeutic efficacy of tarcolimus at 12 weeks under the tight dose‐adjusting treatment for ulcerative colitis.
Celastrol ameliorates Cd‐induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting NOX2‐derived ROS‐dependent PP5‐JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Chong , Wang Xiaoxue , Gu Chenjian , Zhang Hai , Zhang Ruijie , Dong Xiaoqing , Liu Chunxiao , Hu Xiaoyu , Ji Xiang , Huang Shile , Chen Long 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCelastrol, a plant‐derived triterpene, has neuroprotective benefit in the models of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we have reported that cadmium (Cd) activates c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway leading to neuronal cell death by inducing ROS inactivation of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), and celastrol prevents Cd‐activated JNK pathway against neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that celastrol could hinder Cd induction of ROS‐dependent PP5‐JNK signaling pathway from apoptosis in neuronal cells. Here, we show that celastrol attenuated Cd‐induced expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and its regulatory proteins (p22phox, p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1), as well as the generation of ROS in PC12 cells and primary neurons. Also, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a ROS scavenger, potentiated celastrol's inhibition of the events in the cells triggered by Cd, implying neuroprotection by celastrol via blocking Cd‐evoked NOX2‐derived ROS. Further research revealed that celastrol was involved in the regulation of PP5 inactivation and JNK/c‐Jun activation induced by Cd, as celastrol prevented Cd from reducing PP5 expression, and over‐expression of wild‐type PP5 or dominant negative c‐Jun strengthened celastrol's inhibition of Cd‐induced phosphorylation of JNK and/or c‐Jun, as well as apoptosis in neuronal cells. Of importance, inhibiting NOX2 with apocynin or silencing NOX2 by RNA interference enhanced the inhibitory effects of celastrol on Cd‐induced inactivation of PP5, activation of JNK/c‐Jun, ROS, and apoptosis in the cells. Furthermore, we noticed that expression of wild‐type PP5 or dominant negative c‐Jun, or pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 reinforced celastrol's suppression of Cd‐induced NOX2 and its regulatory proteins, and consequential ROS in neuronal cells. These findings indicate that celastrol ameliorates Cd‐induced neuronal apoptosis via targeting NOX2‐derived ROS‐dependent PP5‐JNK signaling pathway. Our data highlight a beneficial role of celastrol in the prevention of Cd‐induced oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Comparing Papanicolaou test results obtained during pregnancy and post‐partum
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Furuhashi Madoka , Kawamura Takuya , Kubo Michiko , Osato Kazuhiro , Yamawaki Takaharu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimCervical cancer onset initially occurs during youth. Papanicolaou tests performed in early pregnancy can detect cervical cancer; however, Papanicolaou tests during pregnancy have been noted to be inaccurate, reflecting changes associated with pregnancy. Therefore, we assessed the effect of pregnancy on Papanicolaou test results.MethodsOf 1351 pregnant women who delivered at Ise Red Cross Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014, 1213 underwent Papanicolaou tests at early pregnancy and post‐partum. We compared the Papanicolaou test results.ResultsThe results of the Papanicolaou test were different in 32 patients. Of the 1191 patients negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy in early pregnancy, 16 had other cytological abnormalities post‐partum. We performed therapeutic conization post‐partum in four patients. The Papanicolaou test results in early pregnancy of the four patients were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy in one patient, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in one and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in two.ConclusionThe results of the Papanicolaou test during pregnancy may not be accurate because of the influence of hormones associated with pregnancy. Taking advantage of the one‐month post‐partum screening visit can lead to early detection and treatment of cervical cancer in young people.
Oro‐facial impairment in stroke patients
Authors: Schimmel M. , Ono T. , Lam O. L. T. , Müller F. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryStroke is considered one of the leading causes of death and acquired disability with a peak prevalence over the age of 80 years. Stroke may cause debilitating neurological deficiencies that frequently result in sensory deficits, motor impairment, muscular atrophy, cognitive deficits and psychosocial impairment. Oro‐facial impairment may occur due to the frequent involvement of the cranial nerves’ cortical representation areas, central nervous system pathways or motoneuron pools. The aim of this narrative, non‐systematic review was to discuss the implications of stroke on oro‐facial functions and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Stroke patients demonstrate an impaired masticatory performance, possibly due to reduced tongue forces and disturbed oral sensitivity. Furthermore, facial asymmetry is common, but mostly discrete and lip restraining forces are reduced. Bite force is not different between the ipsi‐ and contra‐lesional side. In contrast, the contra‐lesional handgrip strength and tongue–palate contact during swallowing are significantly impaired. OHRQoL is significantly reduced mainly because of the functional impairment. It can be concluded that impaired chewing efficiency, dysphagia, facial asymmetry, reduced lip force and OHRQoL are quantifiable symptoms of oro‐facial impairment following a stroke. In the absence of functional rehabilitation, these symptoms seem not to improve. Furthermore, stroke affects the upper limb and the masseter muscle differently, both, at a functional and a morphological level. The rehabilitation of stroke survivors should, therefore, also seek to improve the strength and co‐ordination of the oro‐facial musculature. This would in turn help improve OHRQoL and the masticatory function, subsequently preventing weight loss and malnutrition.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity with better prognosis
Authors: Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Chaudhary Minal , Gawande Madhuri , Hande Alka , Sarode Sachin , Tekade Satyajit Ashok , Korde Sheetal , Zade Prajakta , Bhowate Rahul , Borle Rajiv , Patil Swati 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC‐OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsA total of 217 cases ofOSCCwere retrieved from achieves for the analysis.OSCC‐OSMFcases were segregated on the basis of history and clinicopathological parameters.ResultsThe study included 217 patients of which 112 hadOSCCand 105OSCC‐OSMF.OSCC‐OSMFs were younger compared withOSCC. Overall oral cancer was noted predominantly in males compared to females. The number ofOSCC‐OSMFwas more in clinicalTNMstage I and stageIIas compared toOSCC, whereas the number ofOSCCwas more in stageIIIand stageIVcompared toOSCC‐OSMF. Histological presentation of well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more inOSCC‐OSMFcompared toOSCC, whereas moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more inOSCCcompared toOSCC‐OSMF. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher inOSCCcompared toOSCC‐OSMF. Three‐year disease‐free survival rate was significantly higher inOSCC‐OSMFcompared toOSCC.ConclusionTheOSCC‐OSMFwas found to be a clinicopathologically distinct entity with a better grade of tumor differentiation, less incidence of nodal metastases, and early detection (early clinicalTNMstage) compared to OSCC. All these factors probably contribute to a better prognosis and increased 3‐year disease‐free survival in OSCC‐OSMF patients.
Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) and varieties of lupin seeds
Authors: Musco N. , Cutrignelli M. I. , Calabrò S. , Tudisco R. , Infascelli F. , Grazioli R. , Lo Presti V. , Gresta F. , Chiofalo B. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn order to promote the use of lupin in pig nutrition, in this research the nutritional characteristics (i.e. dietary fibre, alkaloid and fatty acid profile) and the in vitro gas production of 12 lupin varieties grown in the Mediterranean basin and belonging to three lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus) were assessed. Four varieties of L. albus (Asfer, Lublanc, Lutteur and Multitalia) were grown in South Campania. Three varieties of L. luteus (Dukat, Mister and Taper), three of L. angustifolius (Jindalee, Sonet and Wonga) and two of L. albus (Rosetta and Luxor) were grown in Eastern Sicily. Lupinus albus varieties showed interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics (i.e. high protein and low fibre content); the lipid fraction, rather elevated, is well represented by monounsaturated fatty acids (544 g/kg), whereas saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are less represented (167 g/kg) and the n‐3/n‐6 ratio (0.510) is the most favourable. Lupinus luteus varieties presented the most remarkable dietetic aspects, in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (569 g/kg), n‐6 PUFA series (490 g/kg), UFA/SFA (5.24) and PUFA/SFA (3.56) ratios and atherogenic (0.059) and thrombogenic (0.100) indices and very low alkaloid content (1.07 mg per 100 g). Lupinus angustifolius varieties showed the least interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics: low protein and fat content, high fibre level, high SFA amount (248 g/kg) and the lowest favourable nutritional indices (IA: 0.164 and IT: 0.334). Regarding the fermentation process, in L. albus, the tendency to increase the rate of gas production during the early stages of fermentation suggests that the high presence of alkaloids did not affect the in vitro degradability, production of short‐chain fatty acids and fermentation process, probably due to their concentration and/or water solubility. Lupinus angustifolius and L. luteus showed intermediate and slightly worse in vitro fermentation patterns respectively. From a nutritional and dietetic point of view, lupin may represent an interesting alternative to soya bean in pig feeding.
Influence of dietary rapeseed meal levels on growth performance, organ health and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in meat ducks from 15 to 35 days of age
Authors: Qin S. , Tian G. , Zhang K. , Ding X. , Bai S. , Wang J. , Jia G. , Zeng Q. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) inclusion levels on growth performance, organ health and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in meat ducks from 15 to 35 days of age. Six hundred and eighty 15‐days‐old ducks were randomly allotted to five treatments based on body weight. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated on a digestible amino acid basis by replacing 0% (the control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (based on fresh) of protein from soya bean meal (SBM) with protein from RSM. The corresponding levels of RSM in experimental diets were 0%, 6.66%, 13.32%, 19.98% and 26.64% respectively. With increasing dietary RSM levels, body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) linearly decreased (p < 0.001), whereas feed‐to‐gain ratio (F: G) linearly increased (p = 0.0078). Ducks fed the diets with 13.32% or more RSM had significantly lower (p < 0.05) BW, ADG and ADFI, or higher F: G than ducks fed the control diet. The maximum limit of dietary RSM supplementation was estimated to range from 4.27% to maximize ADG for 15 to 35 days to 11.69% to maintain feed intake for 15 to 35 days on the basis of a broken‐line model. At day35, the 4th primary wing feather length and SIAAD (except for Met, Thr and Val) linearly decreased (p < 0.001), and the thyroid glands weight (% of BW) linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary RSM levels. Ducks fed the RSM inclusion diets had significantly lower (p < 0.0001) serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities than ducks fed the control diet. These results suggested that the maximum limit of dietary RSM containing 7.57 μmol/g glucosinolates was estimated to be 4.27% to avoid growth reduction.