bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the magnetosome‐associated actin‐like MamK filament at subnanometer resolution
Authors: Bergeron Julien R.C. , Hutto Rachel , Ozyamak Ertan , Hom Nancy , Hansen Jesse , Draper Olga , Byrne Meghan E. , Keyhani Sepehr , Komeili Arash , Kollman Justin M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria possess cellular compartments called magnetosomes that sense magnetic fields. Alignment of magnetosomes in the bacterial cell is necessary for their function, and this is achieved through anchoring of magnetosomes to filaments composed of the protein MamK. MamK is an actin homolog that polymerizes upon ATP binding. Here, we report the structure of the MamK filament at ∼6.5 Å, obtained by cryo‐Electron Microscopy. This structure confirms our previously reported double‐stranded, nonstaggered architecture, and reveals the molecular basis for filament formation. While MamK is closest in sequence to the bacterial actin MreB, the longitudinal contacts along each MamK strand most closely resemble those of eukaryotic actin. In contrast, the cross‐strand interface, with a surprisingly limited set of contacts, is novel among actin homologs and gives rise to the nonstaggered architecture.
Insecticidal activity of novel thioureas and isothioureas
Authors: Lambert William T , Goldsmith Miriam E , Sparks Thomas C 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe hypothesized that the exploration of chemical space around compounds with reported insecticidal activity could be a viable strategy for discovering novel, insecticidally active areas of chemistry.RESULTSA series of thioureas and isothioureas were prepared as part of a scaffold‐hopping effort around known insecticidal compounds. Many of these compounds showed excellent activity against key sap‐feeding insect pests in insecticidal bioassays. While analogs bearing monocyclic thiophene head groups showed activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), analogs with diarylethane head groups were active against both M. persicae and Bemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly). Despite compelling activity in these laboratory tests, these compounds showed diminished activity when applied to host plants via tracksprayer.CONCLUSIONSThe initial hypothesis that structural modification of molecules reported to have insecticidal activity would yield novel compounds that also exhibit insecticidal activity was validated. Despite excellent activity in laboratory bioassays, these new compounds failed to show compelling activity in more demanding tracksprayer tests. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Computational study of structure, electronic, and microscopic charge transport properties of small conjugated diketopyrrolopyrrole‐thiophene molecules
Authors: Makarova Maria V. , Semenov Sergey G. , Guskova Olga A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstractπ‐Conjugated small molecules containing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and thiophene moieties represent a modern class of functional materials that exhibit promising charge transport properties and therefore have great potential as building blocks of active elements of electronic devices. As a starting point of this computational study, the molecular structure, electronic characteristics, and reorganization energies associated with electron or hole transfer are considered. Prediction of molecular crystal packing is followed by the calculation of couplings between adjacent molecules and detection of the effective charge transfer pathways. Finally, the rates of charge transfer process are evaluated. The obtained results shed light not only on the properties of materials containing low‐molecular species but also serve as a benchmark for further classical force‐field simulations of DPP‐based polymers.
Equivalent frame analysis for effective wall width of nonplanar beam–wall connections
Authors: Behnam Hamdolah , Kuang J. S. , Huang Qunxian 
Published: July 2016

SummaryShear wall–frame structural systems are the most commonly used structural forms in tall buildings. In this structural system, many nonplanar beam–wall connections are formed by frame beams connecting to a shear wall in their out‐of‐plane direction. Few studies on nonplanar beam–wall joints have been conducted. This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical performance of nonplanar beam–wall joints based on the equivalent frame model assumptions. The concept of the effective wall width is introduced, and an analytical model is derived by considering the rotational stiffness of a beam–wall joint. The proposed effective wall width model is verified by experiments and finite element analyses. Comparison of the proposed model with the existing models shows that all the key design variables that affect the effective wall width in nonplanar beam–wall connections, in particular the cross‐sectional dimensions of beams and shear walls, have been appropriately included in deriving the proposed model based on structural mechanics. The applicability and accuracy are demonstrated by a design example. It is shown that the proposed analytical model of the effective wall width for nonplanar beam–wall connections provides a simple and effective, yet accurate, means of analysis for the coupling effect of nonplanar coupling beams in tall buildings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beat‐to‐beat variability of fetal myocardial performance index
Authors: Maheshwari P. , Alphonse J. , Henry A. , Wang J. , Redmond S. J. , Welsh A. W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine whether there is beat‐to‐beat (BTB) variability in the fetal left myocardial performance index (MPI), as evaluated by an automated system, and whether there is a correlation between MPI and fetal heart rate (FHR).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study of uncomplicated, morphologically normal, singleton pregnancies at 20–38 weeks' gestation. Multiple cineloops for left MPI measurement were acquired during a single examination of each fetus. Raw cineloop data were analyzed by our automated MPI system (intraclass correlation coefficient of 1.0 for any given waveform) to produce a set of MPIs. The corresponding instantaneous FHR was measured for each individual cardiac cycle for which MPI was calculated.ResultsData from 29 fetuses were analyzed; mean MPI was 0.52, mean FHR was 150 beats per min and the median number of cardiac cycles examined per fetus was 70 (interquartile range, 31–115). Marked BTB variability was noted; median coefficient of variation was 10% (range, 5.5–13.9%). FHR was weakly correlated with absolute MPI (r = 0.22; P < 0.05). BTB variation in MPI as a percentage of the mean MPI was not significantly correlated with FHR (r = 0.031; P = 0.146). When standard error of the mean of all MPI values was divided by the mean for each case, it showed that at least four cardiac cycles should be averaged to reduce MPI variability to approximately ± 5%.ConclusionThere is significant BTB variability in fetal left MPI, which has an overall weak correlation with FHR. This could be a factor affecting the consistency of MPI values reported by different research groups. Variability would be reduced by averaging 4–5 cardiac cycles per fetus. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
First‐trimester intervention in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence: does size matter?
Authors: Roethlisberger M. , Strizek B. , Gottschalk I. , Mallmann M. R. , Geipel A. , Gembruch U. , Berg C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of first‐trimester intervention (12 + 0 to 14 + 0 weeks of gestation) in pregnancies complicated by twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence.MethodsAll monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies diagnosed with TRAP sequence that underwent intrafetal laser ablation (IFL) of the feeding vessels before 14 + 0 weeks of gestation at the University of Bonn between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively for intrauterine course and outcome.ResultsIn the study period, 12 pregnancies with TRAP sequence were treated by IFL. Median gestational age at intervention was 13.2 (interquartile range (IQR), 12.6–13.6) weeks. In all cases, one intervention sufficed to disrupt the perfusion of the TRAP twin. There was no case of miscarriage, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes or hemorrhage. In five (41.7%) pregnancies, intrauterine death of the pump twin occurred at a median of 72.0 (IQR, 54.0–90.0; range, 48–96) h after intervention. The remaining seven pregnancies continued uneventfully resulting in birth of a healthy infant at term. A comparison of survivors and non‐survivors identified a significant difference in median discordance between crown–rump length (CRL) of the pump twin and upper pole–rump length (URL) of the TRAP twin ((CRL − URL)/CRL ratio, 0.56 vs 0.31; P < 0.05 and URL/CRL ratio, 0.44 vs 0.68; P < 0.05). Survivors were treated at a significantly later gestational age than were non‐survivors (median, 13.4 (IQR, 12.9–14.1) vs 12.6 (IQR, 12.5–13.1); P < 0.05). However, none of these parameters independently predicted survival.ConclusionsAlthough technically feasible, IFL performed in the first trimester for TRAP sequence is associated with a significant fetal loss rate. Gestational age at intervention, (CRL − URL)/CRL ratio and URL/CRL ratio are potential predictors of pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
What makes wildlife wild? How identity may shape the public trust versus wildlife privatization debate
Authors: Peterson Markus J. , Peterson M. Nils , Peterson Tarla Rai 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWildlife conservation policy discussions in the United States and Canada often revolve around historical accounts of the success of wildlife management grounded in the public trust doctrine. We suggest that the usefulness of these discussions is partially limited by failure to consider the importance of wildlife “identity” rooted in freedom (i.e., how humans socially construct the “wildness” dimension of wild animals). To demonstrate the interrelations between identity and freedom, we explain that the class of subjects people care most about—partners, children, and people in general—typically should not be privately owned (i.e., chattel) because freedom (as opposed to slavery) is generally accepted as central to human identity, and its abrogation therefore degrades human identity. The degree to which this ethical argument applies to privatization of wildlife depends upon the relationship between freedom and the identity of wildlife as perceived by society. Thus, we suggest policy decisions regarding privatization of wildlife will be more accurately deliberated if society and wildlife professionals more completely considered the degree to which freedom is essential to a wild species’ identity and the degree to which that identity is inviolable. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Antenatal manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism: biological diagnosis
Authors: Vianey‐Saban Christine , Acquaviva Cécile , Cheillan David , Collardeau‐Frachon Sophie , Guibaud Laurent , Pagan Cécile , Pettazzoni Magali , Piraud Monique , Lamazière Antonin , Froissart Roseline 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) that present with abnormal imaging findings in the second half of pregnancy are mainly lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), cholesterol synthesis disorders (CSDs), glycogen storage disorder type IV (GSD IV), peroxisomal disorders, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects (FAODs), organic acidurias, aminoacidopathies, congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs), and transaldolase deficiency. Their biological investigation requires fetal material. The supernatant of amniotic fluid (AF) is useful for the analysis of mucopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides, sialic acid, lysosphingolipids and some enzyme activities for LSDs, 7‐ and 8‐dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol and lathosterol for CSDs, acylcarnitines for FAODs, organic acids for organic acidurias, and polyols for transaldolase deficiency. Cultured AF or fetal cells allow the measurement of enzyme activities for most IEMs, whole‐cell assays, or metabolite measurements. The cultured cells or tissue samples taken after fetal death can be used for metabolic profiling, enzyme activities, and DNA extraction. Fetal blood can also be helpful. The identification of vacuolated cells orients toward an LSD, and plasma is useful for diagnosing peroxisomal disorders, FAODs, CSDs, some LSDs, and possibly CDGs and aminoacidopathies. We investigated AF of 1700 pregnancies after exclusion of frequent etiologies of nonimmune hydrops fetalis and identified 108 fetuses affected with LSDs (6.3 %), 29 of them with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), and six with GSD IV (0.3 %). In the AF of 873 pregnancies, investigated because of intrauterine growth restriction and/or abnormal genitalia, we diagnosed 32 fetuses affected with Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (3.7 %).
Immunological aspects of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): a review
Authors: Monticelli Maria , Ferro Tiago , Jaeken Jaak , dos Reis Ferreira Vanessa , Videira Paula A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing family of genetic diseases comprising more than 85 known distinct disorders. They show a great phenotypic variability ranging from multi‐organ/system to mono‐organ/system involvement with very mild to extremely severe expression. Immunological dysfunction has a significant impact on the phenotype in a minority of CDG. CDG with major immunological involvement are ALG12‐CDG, MAGT1‐CDG, MOGS‐CDG, SLC35C1‐CDG and PGM3‐CDG. This review discusses the variety of immunological abnormalities reported in human CDG. Understanding the immunological aspects of CDG may contribute to a better management/treatment of these pathologies and possibly of more common diseases, such as inflammatory diseases.
Anomalous α-Mg Dendrite Growth During Directional Solidification of a Mg-Zn Alloy
Authors: Shuai Sansan , Guo Enyu , Wang Mingyue , Callaghan Mark D. , Jing Tao , Zheng Qiwei , Lee Peter D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Dendritic morphology was investigated in a directionally solidified magnesium-zinc alloy using synchrotron X-ray tomography and electron backscattered diffraction. Unexpectedly, primary dendrites grew along

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and

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directions. Further, seven asymmetric sets of side branches formed, instead of six-fold symmetric arms, evolving with three coexisting morphologies per trunk of: traditional, seaweed structure, and free growth. The anomalous growth is attributed to the imposed thermal gradient and zinc-induced interfacial energy anisotropy variations.
Formation Mechanisms of Alloying Element Nitrides in Recrystallized and Deformed Ferritic Fe-Cr-Al Alloy
Authors: Akhlaghi Maryam , Meka Sai Ramudu , Jägle Eric A. , Kurz Silke J. B. , Bischoff Ewald , Mittemeijer Eric J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effect of the initial microstructure (recrystallized or cold-rolled) on the nitride precipitation process upon gaseous nitriding of ternary Fe-4.3 at. pct Cr-8.1 at. pct Al alloy was investigated at 723 K (450 °C) employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atom probe tomography (APT), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). In recrystallized Fe-Cr-Al specimens, one type of nitride develops: ternary, cubic, NaCl-type mixed Cr1−xAlxN. In cold-rolled Fe-Cr-Al specimens, precipitation of two types of nitrides occurs: ternary, cubic, NaCl-type mixed Cr1−xAlxN and binary, cubic, NaCl-type AlN. By theoretical analysis, it was shown that for the recrystallized specimens an energy barrier for the nucleation of mixed Cr1−xAlxN exists, whereas in the cold-rolled specimens no such energy barriers for the development of mixed Cr1−xAlxN and of binary, cubic AlN occur. The additional development of the cubic AlN in the cold-rolled microstructure could be ascribed to the preferred heterogeneous nucleation of cubic AlN on dislocations. The nitrogen concentration–depth profile of the cold-rolled specimen shows a stepped nature upon prolonged nitriding as a consequence of instantaneous nucleation of nitride upon arrival of nitrogen and nitride growth rate-limited by nitrogen transport through the thickening nitrided zone.
Species-Specific Detection of Mycosphaerella polygoni-cuspidati as a Biological Control Agent for Fallopia japonica by PCR Assay
Authors: Kurose Daisuke , Furuya Naruto , Saeki Tetsuya , Tsuchiya Kenichi , Tsushima Seiya , Seier Marion K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella
polygoni-cuspidati has been undergoing evaluation as a potential classical biological control agent for the invasive weed Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed), which has become troublesome in Europe and North America. In advance of the potential release of a biocontrol agent into a new environment, it is crucial to develop an effective monitoring system to enable the evaluation of agent establishment and dispersal within the target host population, as well as any potential attacks on non-target species. Therefore, a primer pair was designed for direct, rapid, and specific detection of the Japanese knotweed pathogen M. polygoni-cuspidati based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions including the 5.8S rDNA. A PCR product of approximately 298 bp was obtained only when the DNA extracted from mycelial fragments of M. polygoni-cuspidati was used. The lower limit of detection of the PCR method was 100 fg of genomic DNA. Using the specific primer pair, M. polygoni-cuspidati could be detected from both naturally and artificially infected Japanese knotweed plants. No amplification was observed for other Mycosphaerella spp. or fungal endophytes isolated from F. japonica. The designed primer pair is thus effective for the specific detection of M. polygoni-cuspidati in planta.
ORBIT PARAMETRIZATIONS FOR K3 SURFACES
Authors: BHARGAVA MANJUL , HO WEI , KUMAR ABHINAV 
Published: July 2016

We study moduli spaces of lattice-polarized K3 surfaces in terms of orbits of representations of algebraic groups. In particular, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, we show that in many cases, the nondegenerate orbits of a representation are in bijection with K3 surfaces (up to suitable equivalence) whose Néron–Severi lattice contains a given lattice. An immediate consequence is that the corresponding moduli spaces of these lattice-polarized K3 surfaces are all unirational. Our constructions also produce many fixed-point-free automorphisms of positive entropy on K3 surfaces in various families associated to these representations, giving a natural extension of recent work of Oguiso.
Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for assessing vitamin intake of Japanese women in early and late pregnancy with and without nausea and vomiting
Authors: Jwa Seung Chik , Ogawa Kohei , Kobayashi Minatsu , Morisaki Naho , Sago Haruhiko , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMaternal vitamin intake during pregnancy is crucial for pregnancy outcomes and the child's subsequent health. However, there are few valid instruments for assessing vitamin intake that address the effects of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This study aimed to investigate the validity of a FFQ concerning vitamin intake during early and late pregnancy with and without NVP. The participants comprised 200 Japanese pregnant women who completed the FFQ and from whom blood samples were taken in early and late pregnancy. Energy-adjusted dietary vitamin intakes (vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin D) from FFQ were compared with their blood concentrations. A subgroup of women with NVP was investigated. In early pregnancy, significant correlations between FFQ and biomarkers were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·18) and vitamin D (r0·26) in women with NVP and for vitamin A (r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·24) and vitamin D (r0·23) in women without NVP. No significant correlations were observed in either group for vitamins B6or E. In late pregnancy, similar significant associations were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·22), vitamin B6(r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·27) and vitamin A (r0·15); coefficients were higher among women without NVP. Our study demonstrates that the FFQ is a useful tool for assessing intake of several important vitamins in early and late pregnancy regardless of NVP status.
Velocity of stochastic processes in two dimensions
Authors: Mollison Denis 
Published: July 2016

A basic class of spatial stochastic processes is that in which the phenomenon spreads between static individuals with probability of ‘infection’ falling off with distance according to a contact distribution (Mollison (1972)). The following questions then arise:(1) How does the velocity of spread depend on the contact distribution? In particular, for which contact distributions is it finite?(2) Does the phenomenon spread at a steady velocity, or does it spread in jumps?
POST-SLAVERY REFRACTIONS: SUBJECTIVITY AND SLAVE DESCENT IN A GAMBIAN LIFE STORY
Authors: Gaibazzi Paolo 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe article draws on the life story of Musa, a Soninke man from a Gambian village, to shed light on the experience and subjective dimension of slave descent in West Africa. After spending most of his life abroad as a migrant, Musa retired to his home village and came to terms with his status identity as a slave descendant. Rather than by status hierarchies alone, however, Musa's social position was modulated by other aspirations and obligations, particularly those inherent in becoming an elder and a returnee. These predicaments of the self, constructed on the basis of age, masculinity and cosmopolitan knowledge, shaped his life and delineated the space in which he variously interpreted and navigated the legacy of slavery. By foregrounding the ways in which slave descent is dynamically refracted by this broader process of self-making, this article thus goes beyond a framework centred primarily on fixed status identities and on the dynamics of resistance/submission, highlighting instead the multifaceted, even contradictory, positioning of slave descendants in post-slavery Senegambia.
THE PYGMY MIMIC
Authors: Frankland Stan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe Pygmy mimic is an extremely persistent colonial trope that continues to inform contemporary anthropological understandings of Africa's Pygmy populations. Mimicry is now understood as being a key component of the social reproduction of a distinct Pygmy way of being. In this paper I examine the historical accounts of mimicry and try to bring a historical perspective to bear on contemporary ethnographic accounts of its practice. I also set my own research among the Sua Pygmies of Uganda against these other examples. The intention behind this is to acknowledge the common humanity of Africa's Pygmies and to create new grounds of comparison – such as a shared history of oppression – that are not dependent on a unique foraging mode of thought.