bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytate/calcium molar ratio does not predict accessibility of calcium in ready‐to‐eat dishes
Authors: Erba Daniela , Manini Federica , Meroni Erika , Casiraghi Maria C 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytic acid (PA), a naturally occurring compound of plant food, is generally considered to affect mineral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the PA/calcium molar ratio as a predictive factor of calcium accessibility in composed dishes and their ingredients.RESULTSDishes were chosen whose ingredients were rich in Ca (milk or cheese) or in PA (whole‐wheat cereals) in order to consider a range of PA/Ca ratios (from 0 to 2.4) and measure Ca solubility using an in vitro approach. The amounts of soluble Ca in composed dishes were consistent with the sum of soluble Ca from ingredients (three out of five meals) or higher. Among whole‐wheat products, bread showed higher Ca accessibility (71%, PA/Ca = 1.1) than biscuits (23%, PA/Ca = 0.9) and pasta (15%, PA/Ca = 1.5), and among Ca‐rich ingredients, semi‐skimmed milk displayed higher Ca accessibility (64%) than sliced cheese (50%) and Parmesan (38%). No significant correlation between the PA/Ca ratio and Ca accessibility was found (P = 0.077).CONCLUSIONThe reliability of the PA/Ca ratio for predicting the availability of calcium in composed dishes is unsatisfactory; data emphasized the importance of the overall food matrix influence on mineral accessibility. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Mclellan Bruce N. , Mowat Garth , Hamilton Tony , Hatter Ian 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe sustainability of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) hunt in British Columbia, Canada has been questioned and is a high profile issue, particularly in the media. To investigate the hypothesis that the hunt is unsustainable, we examined the sustainable human‐caused mortality rate for grizzly bears using recent data on vital rates and population projection models and compare these to rates used by the management agency; examined the age and sex ratio of the kill and how the sex ratio changes with age for the entire province, each population unit, and cohorts born each year between 1977 and 1990; summarized population density estimates in hunted population units in British Columbia and compared these to unhunted areas in adjacent jurisdictions; and reviewed case studies of population units that have been highlighted as most likely to have had unsustainable kill levels. Because the natural mortality rate of adult grizzly bears is 1–2% and lower than was estimated when sustainable human‐caused mortality targets were developed, estimated sustainable kill rates are 4–10%, and generally higher than the 4–6% used in British Columbia. We estimated that males have been 3–4 times more vulnerable to being killed by hunters than females, yet males dominate the kill at all ages and the proportion of males increased with age, which is opposite of what is predicted for a heavily hunted population. The average age of female and male grizzly bears killed by hunters increased from 7.1 years and 7.4 years, respectively, in the 1980s to 7.7 years and 8.7 years, respectively, in the 2000s. An average of 107.4 females and 204.9 males per cohort born between 1977 and 1990 were eventually killed by people and recorded, suggesting that many more females than males died for unknown reasons. There have been more population inventories of grizzly bears in British Columbia than in any other jurisdiction. The average density estimate of 21 inventories in hunted areas without salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in British Columbia (31.2 bears/1,000 km2) was as high as or higher than nearby unhunted areas. The case studies had the highest kill densities or among the highest kill rates in the province and hunting targets were commonly exceeded and seasons closed or the hunter kill target reduced. Although population inventories in these areas found moderate or even high densities of bears, some are now in decline. Hunter kill data from declining populations had a high proportion of males and these were older, demonstrating that these indices of kill rates are sometimes unreliable. Although more population density, trend, and vital rate measurements would be beneficial, the hypothesis that the grizzly bear hunt has been unsustainable was not supported by our investigation of available information. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Evaluating genetic capture‐recapture using a chimpanzee population of known size
Authors: Granjon Anne‐Céline , Rowney Carolyn , Vigilant Linda , Langergraber Kevin E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGenetic capture‐recapture (CR) estimates of population size have potential for aiding the conservation and management of rare or elusive animals. To date, few studies have explored the performance of genetic CR estimates by implementing them in a population of known size. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of genetic CR estimates by genotyping fecal samples collected opportunistically over the territory of a well‐studied group of approximately 190 previously identified and genotyped eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We compared the performance of genetic CR estimates based on 3‐month and 3‐year sampling periods to explore the impact of lengthened sample periods, which are expected to increase accuracy and precision of estimates but also increase the chances of violating population closure assumptions. We compared the effects of using spatial and non‐spatial models and equal or heterogeneous detection probabilities upon estimates. Over the 3‐year period, we detected 54% of the group members and produced population size estimates with more accuracy and narrower confidence intervals than the 3‐month sampling period. The population remained effectively closed over the 3 years and detection heterogeneity was linked to age but not sex. Non‐spatial methods estimated group size more accurately than spatially explicit methods, which had a stronger tendency to underestimate population size. This study suggests that genetic CR may produce accurate and precise population size estimates if substantial effort is allocated to sample collection and genotyping. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Factors influencing reproductive success in male white‐tailed deer
Authors: Newbolt Chad H. , Acker Peter K. , Neuman Timothy J. , Hoffman Stephanie I. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Steury Todd D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPositive relationships between age, sexually selected traits, and male reproductive success have been reported for a number of polygynous ungulates; however, relatively little is known about the factors influencing male reproductive success in ungulate species whose mating system is characterized by tending‐bond behaviors. Broad interest in the genetic consequences of selective harvest supports a greater understanding of the role of these factors as determinants of male reproductive success in important game species (e.g., white‐tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]), that exhibit tending‐bond behaviors. We investigated male reproductive success in white‐tailed deer across a range of sex ratios and age structures using a known population of deer housed in a 175‐ha enclosure in central Alabama, USA. We measured age, annual antler size, and annual body size of male white‐tailed deer and assigned paternity to 143 known‐age offspring during 2007–2014. Reproductive success was attributed to a high proportion of males during each of the 6 breeding seasons. Our most supported model indicated that annual body size and antler size of the individual were positively associated with annual male breeding success. The effects of annual antler size were sensitive to changes in mean male age of the herd, with antler size having the greatest effect on male reproductive success under older male age structures. Young (≤1.5 yr) males reproduced most frequently when male age structure was youngest (which correlated with female‐biased sex ratios in this population). Our results suggest that male age structure and sex ratio played a key role in establishing patterns of male reproductive success in white‐tailed deer. Management practices that encourage balanced adult sex ratios and older male age structures (e.g., Quality Deer Management) may promote a highly competitive environment where sexually selected traits are of increased importance to male breeding success. However, the ability of managers to alter herd genetics in a positive or negative direction through selective harvest is limited in white‐tailed deer because of the high proportion of reproducing males. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Consistency in coral skeletal amino acid composition offshore of Palau in the western Pacific warm pool indicates no impact of decadal variability in nitricline depth on primary productivity
Authors: Williams Branwen , Thibodeau Benoit , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Walnum Andrew , Grottoli Andréa G. , Colin Patrick L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe depth of the thermocline and associated nitricline in the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) vary over time in response to changes in larger ocean‐atmosphere climate patterns. A shoaling of the nitricline in the WPWP brings nitrate‐rich seawater (
> 4 μmol kg−1) above the base of the euphotic zone, stimulating primary productivity. Here, we test if decadal variability in the nitricline depth is driving changes in regional primary productivity and source nitrate dynamics. We use the nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) of amino acids in the skeleton of a proteinaceous coral collected from the base of the euphotic zone in the WPWP. In proteinaceous corals, as in most organic life, the δ15N of phenylalanine matches that of the ambient nitrate while the δ15N of trophic amino acids reflect subsequent trophic transfer of the nitrogen prior to incorporation into the coral's food, suspended particulate organic matter. Consistency of the trophic position of the coral calculated from the δ15N composition of the coral skeletal amino acids over its 56 yr lifespan suggest that decadal variability in nitricline depth and subsequent shifts in nitrate availability to the euphotic zone have not impacted primary productivity offshore of Palau in the WPWP. This is important when considering the current external forcing of Pacific Ocean climate patterns and the resulting impacts on the global carbon cycle in the Palau region of the WPWP.
A theoretical basis for a nanomolar critical oxygen concentration
Authors: Zakem E. J. , Follows M. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen aerobic microbes deplete oxygen sufficiently, anaerobic metabolisms activate, driving losses of fixed nitrogen from marine oxygen minimum zones. Biogeochemical models commonly prescribe a 1–10μM critical oxygen concentration for this transition, a range consistent with previous empirical and recent theoretical work. However, the recently developed STOX sensor has revealed large regions with much lower oxygen concentrations, at or below its 1–10 nM detection limit. Here, we develop a simplified metabolic model of an aerobic microbe to provide a theoretical interpretation of this observed depletion. We frame the threshold as, the subsistence oxygen concentration of an aerobic microbial metabolism, at which anaerobic metabolisms can coexist with or outcompete aerobic growth. The framework predicts that this minimum oxygen concentration varies with environmental and physiological factors and is in the nanomolar range for most marine environments, consistent with observed concentrations. Using observed grazing rates to calibrate the model, we predict a minimum oxygen concentration of order 0.1–10 nM in the core of a coastal anoxic zone. We also present an argument for why anammox may be energetically favorable at a higher oxygen concentration than denitrification, as some observations suggest. The model generates hypotheses that could be tested in the field and provides a simple, mechanistic, and dynamic parameterization of oxygen depletion for biogeochemical models, without prescription of a fixed critical oxygen concentration.
Spherically Symmetric Solvent is Sufficient to Explain the LCST Mechanism in Polymer Solutions
Authors: Bharadwaj Swaminath , Kumar Palakurissi B. Sunil , Komura Shigeyuki , Deshpande Abhijit P. 
Published: November 2016

The mechanism of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in thermoresponsive polymer solutions has been studied by means of a coarse‐grained single polymer chain simulation and a theoretical approach. The simulation model includes solvent explicitly and thus accounts for solvent interactions and entropy directly. The theoretical model consists of a single chain polymer in an implicit solvent where the effect of solvent is included through the intrapolymer solvophobic potential proposed by Kolomeisky and Widom. The results of this study indicate that the LCST behavior is determined by the competition between the mean energy difference between the bulk and bound solvent, and the entropy loss due to the bound solvent. At low temperatures, solvent molecules are bound to the polymer and the solvophobicity of the polymer is screened, resulting in a coiled state. At high temperatures the entropy loss due to bound solvent offsets the energy gain due to binding which causes the solvent molecules to unbind, leading to the collapse of the polymer chain to a globular state. Furthermore, the coarse‐grained nature of these models indicates that mean interaction energies are sufficient to explain LCST in comparison to specific solvent structural arrangements.
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A highly compact multiband antenna for Bluetooth/WLAN, WiMAX, and Wi‐Fi applications
Authors: Al‐Khaldi Mohammad 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThroughout this paper the design, optimization and fabrication of a highly compact, improved multiband IFA (inverted‐F antenna) is presented. The proposed antenna design is poised to operate at 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.5, and 5 GHz for use in Bluetooth/WLAN, WiMAX, and Wi‐Fi applications. At those frequencies, the antenna exhibits good reflection and radiation characteristics. The antenna is highly compact measuring 20 mm (width) × 33 mm (length) × 0.635 mm (thickness). This makes it ideal for conformal and low‐profile applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:77–80, 2017
Design and analysis of monopole patch antenna with triple band rejection characteristics
Authors: Suraj Priyadarshi , Rani Gupta Vibha , Saxena Manish 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a slot loaded ultra wideband monopole patch antenna with triple band‐notched characteristic has been presented. The antenna consists of rectangular patch with three modified inverted U‐shaped slots to create three notches at Wi‐MAX (3.3–3.6 GHz), C‐band (3.7–4.2 GHz), and WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz) frequencies. Lumped‐element equivalent circuit model and current distribution curves have been used to explain the triple band‐rejection characteristics of the designed antenna. The proposed triple notch structure has been fabricated and tested against simulated data. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:138–142, 2017
Lower limb muscle strength impairment in late‐onset and adult myotonic dystrophy type 1 phenotypes
Authors: Petitclerc Émilie , Hébert Luc J. , Mathieu Jean , Desrosiers Johanne , Gagnon Cynthia 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionLower limb strength has never been characterized separately for late‐onset and adult myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) phenotypes.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to: (1) describe and compare lower limb strength between the 2 DM1 phenotypes; and (2) compare the impairment profiles obtained from 2 assessment methods [manual (MMT) and quantitative (QMT) muscle testing] among 107 patients.ResultsBoth MMT and QMT showed more pronounced weakness in the adult phenotype. In the late‐onset phenotype, although MMT showed normal strength, QMT revealed a loss of 11.7%–20.4%. Participants with grade 1 or 2 on the Muscle Impairment Rating Scale had weakness detected using QMT, which suggests earlier muscle impairment than MMT alone would suggest.ConclusionsTo avoid muscle wasting, physical activity recommendations should be made for the late‐onset phenotype and in the early stages of the disease for the adult phenotype. MMT is not recommended for use in clinical trials. Muscle Nerve 56: 57–63, 2017.
Treatment of hemophilia: A qualitative study of mothers’ perspectives
Authors: von der Lippe Charlotte , Frich Jan C. , Harris Anna , Solbrække Kari Nyheim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn Norway, boys with hemophilia usually begin treatment after their first bleeding episode. Boys with severe hemophilia usually start prophylactic treatment around 18–24 months. Health professionals administer factor concentrate initially, but when boys are around 4 years old most parents start treating their children at home. There is a lack of research on how parents, and especially how carrier mothers, experience the medical treatment for their sons’ hemophilia. Our aim was to investigate how carrier mothers experience this treatment in the hospital setting and at home.MethodsIn this qualitative study, we interviewed 16 mothers of boys or men with hemophilia A or B. Data were collected via semistructured interviews and analyzed using an inductive thematic analytical approach.ResultsMothers experienced both practical and emotional challenges in relation to their sons' treatment, and repeated venipuncture was especially difficult emotionally. Parents preferred home treatment to hospital treatment because it was less time‐consuming, less disruptive to family life, and provided a greater sense of control. Encountering healthcare professionals who were unfamiliar with hemophilia was a second major stress factor, especially when parents felt that health professionals lacked competence and were unwilling to seek advice.ConclusionWhile home treatment for hemophilia enables freedom, flexibility, and autonomy for the boys as well as for the family, mothers may experience treatment of hemophilia as a burden. Health professionals should provide tailored practical and emotional support to parents by probing into their experiences with treating their sons' hemophilia.
Dog ownership and physical activity among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Forbes Cynthia C. , Blanchard Chris M. , Mummery W. Kerry , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundDog ownership has been associated with higher rates of physical activity (PA) in several populations but no study to date has focused on cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dog ownership and PA among cancer survivors and to examine correlates of dog ownership.MethodsA stratified random sample of 2062 breast cancer survivors, prostate cancer survivors, and colorectal cancer survivors was mailed a questionnaire assessing PA, social cognitive, dog ownership, demographic, and medical variables.ResultsOverall, 25% of the sample was dog owners (DOs). There were no significant differences in moderate, vigorous, or total PA minutes between DOs and non–dog owners. There was a significant difference in light PA minutes in favor of DOs (153 vs 112 minutes; 95% CI = 4 to 77; P = .030), however, this was largely restricted to breast cancer survivors (143 vs 79 minutes; 95% CI = 25 to 102; P = .001) who also reported fewer vigorous PA minutes (18 vs 39 minutes; 95% CI = −42 to −1; P = .042). Survivors were more likely to be DOs if they had breast cancer (P = .054), a higher income (P = .021), radiation therapy (P = .029), chemotherapy (P = .010), were younger (P < .001), employed (P < .001), and a current smoker (P = .015). Few social cognitive variables were associated with DO.ConclusionsDog ownership among cancer survivors was not associated with moderate‐to‐vigorous PA but was associated with light PA. Further research is necessary to determine if promoting dog ownership and dog walking among cancer survivors may increase PA and possibly improve health outcomes.
Effect of Co doping and hydrostatic pressure on SrFe2 As2
Authors: Lengyel E. , Kumar M. , Schnelle W. , Leithe‐Jasper A. , Nicklas M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report a pressure study on electron doped by electrical‐resistivity () and magnetic‐susceptibility () experiments. Application of either external pressure or Co substitution rapidly suppresses the spin‐density wave ordering of the Fe moments and induces superconductivity in . At the broad superconducting (SC) dome in the phase diagram exhibits its maximum K at a pressure of only GPa. In no superconductivity is observed anymore up to 2.8 GPa. Upon increasing the Co concentration the maximum of the SC dome shifts toward lower pressure accompanied by a decrease in the value of . Even though, superconductivity is induced by both tuning methods, Co substitution leads to a much more robust SC state. Our study evidences that in both, the effect of pressure and Co substitution, have to be considered in order to understand the SC phase‐diagram and further attests the close relationship of and its sister compound .
Wildlife conservation camp: An education and recruitment pathway for high school students?
Authors: Griffin Kelsey R. , Glasscock Selma N. , Schwertner T. Wayne , Atchley Wayne , Tarpley Rudy S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTEnvironmental education programs have been evaluated to assess short‐term effects on participants; however, few studies have examined long‐term effects. We quantified how the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society's Wildlife Conservation Camp (WCC), Texas, USA, has affected high school students. A web‐based survey questionnaire measured attitudes and behaviors of participants toward wildlife conservation and natural resources. A subset of questions was taken from the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife‐Associated Recreation to provide a comparison population (USDI, USFWS, USDC, and USCB 2011). The majority of respondents reported moderate to large increases in knowledge (89%) and interest (80%) of wildlife conservation and observation from the WCC and major influence on the course of their lives (85%). Most respondents (86%) who went into a conservation‐related field reported the WCC influenced their career path. The majority of WCC respondents took special interest in wildlife around the home (66%) and away from home (70%) compared with Texans (likely wildlife watchers) surveyed in the 2011 National Survey (75% and 23%, respectively). The WCC can influence knowledge and interest of wildlife and recruitment into conservation‐related fields. Improvements to the program include increased outreach to diverse audiences and scholarship opportunities. Our results may guide the evaluation of other outdoor camps as we strive to better understand how educational programs can create a diverse generation of ecologically literate citizens and conservation leaders. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.