bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Port cities and urban waterfronts: how localized planning ignores water as a connector
Authors: Hein Carola 
Published: March 2016

People have redesigned coastlines, creating ports, shaping waterfronts, and building cities to connect water and land. Specialists from many disciplines have explored the function and design of the water–land transition over many centuries. Among them is planning, a discipline that engages both with the functionality of working ports and the design of the waterfront for the urban public. In order to explore the development of working ports and the revitalization of abandoned inner‐city waterfronts since the 1960s, this paper reviews planning and planning history literature in regard to the specific appreciation of water. It first examines the planning of ports and its focus on improving the speed, safety, and logistics, assigning water an industrial role. Second, it reflects on the design of post‐industrial waterfront spaces, which ascribes a more aesthetic and symbolic as well as leisure‐related role to water. Third, it points to the recent reconnection of cruise shipping with inner‐city waterfront redevelopment and the coastline in general. In conclusion, the paper underscores localized perceptions of water in planning literature and the need to recognize how interconnected water systems connect otherwise separated areas along the same coastline. It argues for the integrated planning of port, waterfront, and city in conjunction with a comprehensive study of the environmental and ecological role of water in each of those places, both as a resource they share and, with climate change, a risk to which they must collectively respond. WIREs Water 2016, 3:419–438. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1141This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
The specification and wiring of mammalian cutaneous low‐threshold mechanoreceptors
Authors: Olson William , Dong Peter , Fleming Michael , Luo Wenqin 
Published: March 2016

The mammalian cutaneous low‐threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) are a diverse set of primary somatosensory neurons that function to sense external mechanical force. Generally, LTMRs are composed of Aβ‐LTMRs, Aδ‐LTMRs, and C‐LTMRs, which have distinct molecular, physiological, anatomical, and functional features. The specification and wiring of each type of mammalian cutaneous LTMRs is established during development by the interplay of transcription factors with trophic factor signalling. In this review, we summarize the cohort of extrinsic and intrinsic factors generating the complex mammalian cutaneous LTMR circuits that mediate our tactile sensations and behaviors. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:389–404. doi: 10.1002/wdev.229This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Demography of Oenocarpus bataua and implications for sustainable harvest of its fruit in western Amazon
Authors: Isaza Carolina , Martorell Carlos , Cevallos Daniela , Galeano Gloria , Valencia Renato , Balslev Henrik 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOenocarpus bataua is the seventh most abundant tree in the Amazon and one of the most used palms in the region. The main resource obtained from the species is the fruits that are harvested from wild populations for human consumption. Across its distribution area adults are most frequently felled to obtain the racemes, which may affect the palm's populations. In this paper we studied the demography of two populations of Oenocarpus bataua to assess the harvest potential of its fruits and the density variation in different habitats in the western Amazon to estimate fruit yields in different forest types. Non‐inundated lands held the greatest densities with an average of 11 adults ha−1 (0–132 adults ha−1). The population finite growth rate (λ) in Amacayacu, Colombia, was 0.9103 because of slow growth and low survival of stemless individuals and low recruitment. On the contrary, in Yasuní, Ecuador, we found a growing population with λ = 1.0368. According to our simulations, adult felling reduced transient population growth (λt) in both populations, especially when harvest was frequent even at low intensities. In Amacayacu a simulated harvest of 60 % year−1 of the fruits by climbing did not modify λt substantially, while in Yasuní, a regime of 80 % of annual harvest did not diminish λt below one and the initial number of adults. The results help to understand the demography of useful palms and to address sustainable management. For instance high yields can be obtained by shifting to non‐destructive harvest techniques that can meet the increasing demand and maintain the populations.
40-Hz Sinusoidal Auditory Steady-State Response and Tone Burst Auditory Brainstem Response Using a Kalman Filter to Determine Thresholds Pre- and Post-Myringotomy With Grommet Tube in Children With Mild, Low-Frequency Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Kaf Wafaa A. , Mohamed Enass S. , Elshafiey Hamza 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
Accurate estimation of mild, low-frequency hearing loss is difficult in young children. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of 40-Hz sinusoidal auditory steady-state response (sASSR) compared with tone burst auditory brainstem response (TB-ABR) to detect mild, low-frequency hearing loss in children with otitis media with effusion and to measure postoperative thresholds.

Methods
Thresholds at 500 and 4000 Hz were measured behaviorally and electrophysiologically using TB-ABR and 40-Hz sASSR with a Kalman filter in 26 children with otitis media with effusion. Recording was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively while children were actively awake. Repeated measures mixed analyses of variance were conducted to determine effects among measures and the two test frequencies.

Results
Both 40-Hz sASSR and TB-ABR accurately detected preoperative and postoperative thresholds and were within 5–10 dB of the behavioral thresholds at 4000 Hz. At 500 Hz, the mean 40-Hz sASSR threshold was only 5 dB above the behavioral thresholds and 18 dB better than the 500-Hz ABR threshold. Positive correlations were found but not between 40-sASSR and TB-ABR at 500 Hz. Also, the interrater judgment of the response was better for sASSR (89%) than TB-ABR (83%).

Conclusion
The 40-Hz sASSR is more accurate than TB-ABR in determining a mild, low-frequency threshold.
„Kreuzschlitzschraubendreher? – Ich dreh durch!“
Authors: Franken Nicole , Martin Horst , Scheidtmann Klaus 
Published: March 2016

ZusammenfassungAuch Jugendliche können bedingt durch Schlaganfälle oder andere neurologische Ereignisse eine
Aphasie bekommen. Dies bedeutet häufig, dass sie sich von ihren bisherigen Zukunftsplänen
verabschieden und zusammen mit ihren Angehörigen und einem interdisziplinären Reha-Team einen
neuen Lebensentwurf entwickeln müssen. Nachfolgend wird das im Hegau-Jugendwerk Gailingen
entwickelte Konzept „Beruf und Sprache“ (BuS; Abb. 1)
vorgestellt, durch das junge Menschen mit Aphasie (wieder) Ausbildungs- oder Berufsfähigkeit
erlangen können. Exemplarisch wird der Weg einer Patientin vom Erleiden ihres Schlaganfalls bis
ins Berufsleben skizziert.
Nanoscopic insights into seeding mechanisms and toxicity of α-synuclein species in neurons
Authors: Pinotsi Dorothea , Michel Claire H. , Buell Alexander K. , Laine Romain F. , Mahou Pierre , Dobson Christopher M. , Kaminski Clemens F. , Kaminski Schierle Gabriele S. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The self-assembly of normally soluble proteins into fibrillar amyloid structures is associated with a range of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we monitor the fate of different forms of α-synuclein (AS), a protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease, via optical nanoscopy directly in neuronal cells. We show that exogenously added preformed AS fibrils elongate by the addition of endogenous AS, naturally present in neurons. In contrast, exogenously added monomeric AS induces aggregate formation within the cells and leads to apoptosis. The latter is significantly reduced by the addition of preformed fibrils, suggesting a neuroprotective role of fibrillar species. The visualization of these effects at the nanoscale shown here opens up new avenues for understanding the links between AS aggregation and neuronal toxicity.
SharpViSu: integrated analysis and segmentation of super-resolution microscopy data
Authors: Andronov Leonid , Lutz Yves , Vonesch Jean-Luc , Klaholz Bruno P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Summary: We introduce SharpViSu, an interactive open-source software with a graphical user interface, which allows performing processing steps for localization data in an integrated manner. This includes common features and new tools such as correction of chromatic aberrations, drift correction based on iterative cross-correlation calculations, selection of localization events, reconstruction of 2D and 3D datasets in different representations, estimation of resolution by Fourier ring correlation, clustering analysis based on Voronoi diagrams and Ripley’s functions. SharpViSu is optimized to work with eventlist tables exported from most popular localization software. We show applications of these on single and double-labelled super-resolution data.
Availability and implementation: SharpViSu is available as open source code and as compiled stand-alone application under https://github.com/andronovl/SharpViSu.
Contact: klaholz@igbmc.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effect of Real-Time Feedback on Screw Placement Into Synthetic Cancellous Bone
Authors: Gustafson Peter A. , Geeslin Andrew G. , Prior David M. , Chess Joseph L. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to evaluate whether real-time torque feedback may reduce the occurrence of stripping when inserting nonlocking screws through fracture plates into synthetic cancellous bone.

Methods:
Five attending orthopaedic surgeons and 5 senior level orthopaedic residents inserted 8 screws in each phase. In phase I, screws were inserted without feedback simulating conventional techniques. In phase II, screws were driven with visual torque feedback. In phase III, screws were again inserted with conventional techniques. Comparison of these 3 phases with respect to screw insertion torque, surgeon rank, and perception of stripping was used to establish the effects of feedback.

Results:
Seventy-three of 239 screws resulted in stripping. During the first phase, no feedback was provided and the overall strip rate was 41.8%; this decreased to 15% with visual feedback (P < 0.001) and returned to 35% when repeated without feedback. With feedback, a lower average torque was applied over a narrower torque distribution. Residents stripped 40.8% of screws compared with 20.2% for attending surgeons. Surgeons were poor at perceiving whether they stripped.

Conclusions:
Prevention and identification of stripping is influenced by surgeon perception of tactile sensation. This is significantly improved with utilization of real-time visual feedback of a torque versus roll curve. This concept of real-time feedback seems beneficial toward performance in synthetic cancellous bone and may lead to improved fixation in cancellous bone in a surgical setting.
“Fracturoscopy” is Superior to Fluoroscopy in the Articular Reconstruction of Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures—An Arthroscopy Assisted Fracture Reduction Technique
Authors: Krause Matthias , Preiss Achim , Meenen Norbert M. , Madert Jürgen , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
To analyze the anatomic accuracy of fracture reduction controlled by fluoroscopy as compared with arthroscopically assisted reduction (“fracturoscopy”) in patients with complex tibial plateau fractures (AO/OTA 41-C). Quality of fracturoscopy-guided reduction was checked with postoperative computed tomography.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Urban level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Seventeen consecutive patients, with a complex, bicondylar tibial plateau fracture.

Intervention:
The intraoperative, open insertion of an arthroscope (2.4-mm or 2.8-mm optics), to visualize the articular surface and fracture reduction.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Ability to detect residual fracture depression or gap after previous open reduction under fluoroscopic guidance.

Results:
An open fracture reduction with fluoroscopic guidance was performed in all cases. In 7 cases, open reduction and fluoroscopy resulted in satisfactory fracture reduction (fluoroscopy group). In 10 of 17 cases, subsequent “fracturoscopy” showed persistent fracture depression (≥2 mm, fracturoscopy group) with the need for intraoperative correction. Patients in the fracturoscopy group demonstrated significantly greater preoperative fragment depression (12.55 ± 6.56 mm) and a larger preoperative fracture gap (7.83 ± 5.49 mm) compared with patients with a satisfactory reduction under fluoroscopy (depression 4.97 ± 4.02 mm, P = 0.016; gap 2.47 ± 1.07 mm, P = 0.023). Fluoroscopy was not successful in achieving satisfactory reduction in cases in which the postero-latero-central region was affected (P = 0.004, χ2 test). Postoperative computed tomography demonstrated satisfactory articular reconstruction in all cases.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative fracturoscopy permitted a significantly improved visualization of fracture fragment displacement, specifically in the postero-latero-central region of the tibial plateau, as compared with fluoroscopy. Fracturoscopy is recommended for fractures involving the postero-latero-central region of the tibial plateau.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Biomechanical Contribution of Tension-Reducing Rotator Cuff Sutures in 3-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Arvesen John E. , Gill Stephen W. , Sinatra Philip M. , Eng Michael , Bledsoe Gary , Kaar Scott G. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
Using a cadaveric 3-part fracture model and cyclic loading protocol, our study objectives were to quantify the stabilizing effect of tension-reducing rotator cuff sutures in terms of fracture displacement across the surgical neck and greater tuberosity compared with a control group in which no sutures were used.

Methods:
Six matched pairs of fresh frozen specimens underwent a standardized, 3-part, proximal humerus fracture and were split into 2 groups. The control group had the fracture fixed with a plate and screw construct only while the experimental group had additional suture fixation through the plate to each rotator cuff tendon. Active abduction through the rotator cuff was simulated for 100, 200, 300, and 400 cycles and to failure at 1000 N. A Mann–Whitney U test compared cyclic displacement of the greater tuberosity and surgical neck fracture gaps and load to failure between the 2 groups.

Results:
There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in fracture gap between fixation methods at the surgical neck at 100 (P = 0.13), 200 (P = 0.07), 300 (P = 0.49), and 400 (P = 0.07) cycles. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between fixation methods in the fracture gap at the greater tuberosity at 100 (P = 0.39), 200 (P = 1.00), 300 (P = 0.31), and 400 (P = 0.59) cycles. There was no significant difference (P > 0.5) at 1000 N at the surgical neck (P = 0.70) or the greater tuberosity (P = 0.39).

Conclusions:
Tension-relieving rotator cuff sutures do not add stability to the repair of 3-part proximal humerus fractures. Varus collapse and greater tuberosity displacement are common complications associated with 3-part fractures. No mechanical data exist to demonstrate benefit of adding suture to a plate and screw construct for limiting fracture displacement.
High Intracranial Pressure Induced Injury in the Healthy Rat Brain
Authors: Dai Xingping , Bragina Olga , Zhang Tongsheng , Yang Yirong , Rao Gutti R. , Bragin Denis E. , Statom Gloria , Nemoto Edwin M. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
We recently showed that increased intracranial pressure to 50 mm Hg in the healthy rat brain results in microvascular shunt flow characterized by tissue hypoxia, edema, and increased blood-brain barrier permeability. We now determined whether increased intracranial pressure results in neuronal injury by Fluoro-Jade stain and whether changes in cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen suggest nonnutritive microvascular shunt flow.

Design:
Intracranial pressure was elevated by a reservoir of artificial cerebrospinal fluid connected to the cisterna magna. Arterial blood gases, cerebral arterial-venous oxygen content difference, and cerebral blood flow by MRI were measured. Fluoro-Jade stain neurons were counted in histologic sections of the right and left dorsal and lateral cortices and hippocampus.

Setting:
University laboratory.

Subjects:
Male Sprague Dawley rats.

Interventions:
Arterial pressure support if needed by IV dopamine infusion and base deficit corrected by sodium bicarbonate.

Measurements and Main Results:
Fluoro-Jade stain neurons increased 2.5- and 5.5-fold at intracranial pressures of 30 and 50 mm Hg and cerebral perfusion pressures of 57 ± 4 (mean ± sem) and 47 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively (p < 0.001) (highest in the right and left cortices). Voxel frequency histograms of cerebral blood flow showed a pattern consistent with microvascular shunt flow by dispersion to higher cerebral blood flow at high intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen.

Conclusions:
High intracranial pressure likely caused neuronal injury because of a transition from normal capillary flow to nonnutritive microvascular shunt flow resulting in tissue hypoxia and edema, and it is manifest by a reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen.
An Exploratory Study of Long-Term Outcome Measures in Critical Illness Survivors: Construct Validity of Physical Activity, Frailty, and Health-Related Quality of Life Measures*
Authors: McNelly Angela S. , Rawal Jai , Shrikrishna Dinesh , Hopkinson Nicholas S. , Moxham John , Harridge Stephen D. , Hart Nicholas , Montgomery Hugh E. , Puthucheary Zudin A. 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
Functional capacity is commonly impaired after critical illness. We sought to clarify the relationship between objective measures of physical activity, self-reported measures of health-related quality of life, and clinician reported global functioning capacity (frailty) in such patients, as well as the impact of prior chronic disease status on these functional outcomes.

Design:
Prospective outcome study of critical illness survivors.

Setting:
Community-based follow-up.

Patients:
Participants of the Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study in Critical Care: Longitudinal Evaluation Study (NCT01106300), invasively ventilated for more than 48 hours and on the ICU greater than 7 days.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Physical activity levels (health-related quality of life [36-item short-form health survey] and daily step counts [accelerometry]) were compared to norm-based or healthy control scores, respectively. Controls for frailty (Clinical Frailty Score) were non-morbid, age- and gender-matched to survivors. Ninety-one patients were recruited on ICU admission: 41 were contacted for post-discharge assessment, and data were collected from 30 (14 female; mean age, 55.3 yr [95% CI, 48.3–62.3]; mean post-discharge, 576 d [95% CI, 539–614]). Patients’ mean daily step count (5,803; 95% CI, 4,792–6,813) was lower than that in controls (11,735; 95% CI, 10,928–12,542; p < 0.001), and lower in those with preexisting chronic disease than without (2,989 [95% CI, 776–5,201] vs 7,737 [95% CI, 4,907–10,567]; p = 0.013). Physical activity measures (accelerometry, health-related quality of life, and frailty) demonstrated good construct validity across all three tools. Step variability (from sd) was highly correlated with daily steps (r
2 = 0.67; p < 0.01) demonstrating a potential boundary constraint.

Conclusions:
Subjective and objective measures of physical activity are all informative in ICU survivors. They are all reduced 18 months post-discharge in ICU survivors, and worse in those with pre-admission chronic disease states. Investigating interventions to improve functional capacity in ICU survivors will require stratification based on the presence of premorbidity.
Long-Term Survival, Quality of Life, and Quality-Adjusted Survival in Critically Ill Patients With Cancer*
Authors: Normilio-Silva Karina , de Figueiredo Adelaide Cristina , Pedroso-de-Lima Antonio Carlos , Tunes-da-Silva Gisela , Nunes da Silva Adriana , Delgado Dias Levites Andresa , de-Simone Ana Tereza , Lopes Safra Patrícia , Zancani Roberta , Tonini Paula Camilla , Vasconcelos de Andrade e Silva Ulysses , Buosi Silva Thiago , Martins Giorgi Juliana , Eluf-Neto José , Costa Anderson , Abrahão Hajjar Ludhmila , Biasi Cavalcanti Alexandre 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
To assess the long-term survival, health-related quality of life, and quality-adjusted life years of cancer patients admitted to ICUs.

Design:
Prospective cohort.

Setting:
Two cancer specialized ICUs in Brazil.

Patients:
A total of 792 participants.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The health-related quality of life before ICU admission; at 15 days; and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months was assessed with the EQ-5D-3L. In addition, the vital status was assessed at 24 months. The mean age of the subjects was 61.6 ± 14.3 years, 42.5% were female subjects and half were admitted after elective surgery. The mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 was 47.4 ± 15.6. Survival at 12 and 18 months was 42.4% and 38.1%, respectively. The mean EQ-5D-3L utility measure before admission to the ICU was 0.47 ± 0.43, at 15 days it was 0.41 ± 0.44, at 90 days 0.56 ± 0.42, at 6 months 0.60 ± 0.41, at 12 months 0.67 ± 0.35, and at 18 months 0.67 ± 0.35. The probabilities for attaining 12 and 18 months of quality-adjusted survival were 30.1% and 19.1%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in survival time and quality-adjusted life years according to all assessed baseline characteristics (ICU admission after elective surgery, emergency surgery, or medical admission; Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3; cancer extension; cancer status; previous surgery; previous chemotherapy; previous radiotherapy; performance status; and previous health-related quality of life). Only the previous health-related quality of life and performance status were associated with the health-related quality of life during the 18-month follow-up.

Conclusions:
Long-term survival, health-related quality of life, and quality-adjusted life year expectancy of cancer patients admitted to the ICU are limited. Nevertheless, these clinical outcomes exhibit wide variability among patients and are associated with simple characteristics present at the time of ICU admission, which may help healthcare professionals estimate patients’ prognoses.