bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of electrodeposited piezo‐resistive polypyrrole for a pressure‐sensitive bruxism sensor
Authors: Akkermans Onno , Spronck Mitch , Kluskens Theo , Offerein Fred , Saralidze Ketie , Aarts Jos , Keshaniyan Pegah , Steen Redeker Erik , Diliën Hanne , van Grinsven Bart , Cleij Thomas J. 
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the application of the conducting polymer polypyrrole in a pressure sensitive sensor. Polypyrrole was electrodeposited on copper plates using phytic acid as a dopant and cross‐linker. A combination of different polymerization durations and potentials were tested to find the polymerization conditions for thin polymer layers and homogenous surface coverage. The morphology of the surface of the polypyrrole films was examined with scanning electron microscopy to study the formation of hollow sphere beads. The polymer layers were sandwiched between two copper sheets to create pressure sensitive sensors and the piezo‐resistive effect was tested. For this, increasing forces were applied to the sensors and the resistance was measured. It was found that the polypyrrole layers were pressure sensitive to pressures relevant for bruxism events and had a thickness that is suitable for application in a splint for the detection of awake bruxism.An SEM image of polypyrrole hollow sphere beads at 20 kV and 1000× magnification.
Register allocation and spilling using the expected distance heuristic
Authors: Burroughs Neil 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe primary goal of the register allocation phase in a compiler is to minimize register spills to memory. Spill decisions by the allocator are often made based on the costs of spilling a virtual register and, therefore, on an assumed placement of spill instructions. However, because most allocators make these decisions incrementally, placement opportunities can change as allocation proceeds, calling into question the basis for the original spill decision. An alternative heuristic to placement costs for spill decisions focuses on where program execution will lead. Spilling the virtual register with the Furthest Next Use is known to lead to the minimum number of loads under certain conditions in straight‐line code. While it has been implemented in register allocation in different forms, none of these implementations fully exploits profiling information. We present a register allocator that can adapt to improved profiling information, using branch probabilities to compute an Expected Distance to Next Use for making spill decisions and block frequency information to optimize post‐allocation spill instruction placement. Spill placement is optimized after allocation using a novel method for minimizing spill instruction costs on the control flow graph. Our evaluation of the allocator compared with LLVM recognizes more than 36% and 50% reductions, on average, in the number of dynamically executed store and load instructions, respectively, when using statically derived profiling information. When using dynamically gathered profiling, these improvements increase to 50% and 60% reductions, on average, for stores and loads, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentbrücke Greißelbach als Stahlverbundbrücke ohne Abdichtung und Asphalt
Authors: Seidl Günter , Hierl Martin , Breu Michael , Mensinger Martin , Stambuk Mislav 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEin neues Konzept im Brückenbau wird im Pilotprojekt Greißelbach umgesetzt. Das Hauptmerkmal des Bauprinzips bildet die Trennung der Tragstruktur in ein Längs‐ und ein Quertragsystem und die trocken gestoßenen, voll vorgespannten Segmente ohne Abdichtung und Asphalt. Das Haupttragsystem bildet ein VFT‐Rahmen als integrales Bauwerk. Durch eine Gleitebene zwischen Segment und Hauptträger bewegt sich die Fahrbahnplatte unabhängig vom Haupttragsystem. Die Bauweise weist eine hohe Qualität und sehr kurze Bauzeiten durch die Vorfertigung sowie große Flexibilität in der Nutzung aus.Segment bridge Greißelbach as composite bridge without sealing and asphalt. The Greißelbach bridge project implements a new construction principle. The main feature of the construction is the separation of the bridge bearing system in a main structural system in longitudinal and transversal direction in interaction with dry jointed segments without sealing and asphalt. A VFT‐frame is the integral main structural system. The deck slab is independently moving of the structural system realised by a sliding surface between the segments and the main girders. The construction is characterized by its high quality level and the short construction time based on the high level of prefabrication. Furthermore the bridge implements a high degree of flexibility in service.
Randnahe Kopfbolzen – Ermüdungsverhalten unter Querschub
Authors: Raichle Jochen , Kuhlman Ulrike 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKopfbolzen, die in neuen interessanten Konstruktionsformen nahe zum freien Bauteilrand des Betons angeordnet werden, zeigen ein anderes, durch frühe Spaltrissbildung bestimmtes Tragverhalten als die üblichen randfernen Kopfbolzen. Der effektive Randabstand hat einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Tragfähigkeit. Für die bisher schon in DIN EN 1994‐2, Anhang C gegebenen Bemessungsregeln bei einer randnahen Anordnung mit Beanspruchungsrichtung längs oder quer zum freien Bauteilrand werden Ergänzungen und Verbesserungen erläutert. Insbesondere werden Forschungsergebnisse zum Ermüdungsverhalten unter Querschub vorgestellt, die auch zu einer Bemessungsgleichung für die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von randnahen Kopfbolzen unter Querschub führen. Darüber hinaus wird für diesen Fall der Einfluss einer Ermüdungsbeanspruchung auf die statische Resttragfähigkeit näher betrachtet.Headed studs that cause splitting forces in direction of the slab thickness – Fatigue behaviour under transverse shear – enhancement of existing rules. Headed studs, arranged in interesting innovative composite cross sections near to the slab surface, show a different load carrying behaviour due to splitting forces than studs in standard situations without any edge influence. The effective edge distance has a significant influence on the carrying capacity. For the rules given in EN 1994‐2, Annex C for the case of headed studs close to the concrete surface with load direction either in longitudinal or transverse direction, enhancements and improvements are explained in detail. Especially research results on the fatigue behaviour of headed studs close to the concrete surface under transverse shear are introduced und a design equation for the fatigue resistance is provided. Furthermore the influence of a fatigue loading on the residual static resistance of headed stud arranged close to the concrete surface is discussed.
Schicksal der Freybrücke – ein Baudenkmal wurde entsorgt
Authors: Dicleli Cengiz 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKarl Bernhard gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Bauingenieure in Deutschland Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine beiden Brücken entlang der Heerstraße in Berlin, die Stößenseebrücke und die Freybrücke über die Havel, sind seit 1909 verkehrstechnisch von höchster Bedeutung für die Ost‐West‐Verbindung der Stadt. Die Freybrücke wurde jedoch im März 2015 abgerissen, um einem Ersatzneubau Platz zu machen. Wie kam es dazu, dass eine historisch und verkehrstechnisch derart wichtige, seit 1971 unter Denkmalschutz stehende Konstruktion so lange vernachlässigt wurde, bis sie abbruchreif war? Dieser Artikel ist eine Hommage an Bernhards Havelbrücke und geht ihrer wechselvollen Geschichte nach.The fate of the Frey Bridge in Berlin – A memorial structure was disposed. Karl Bernhard is one of the significant German civil engineers of the beginning of the 20th century. His two bridges along the Heerstrasse in Berlin, the Stössensee Bridge and the Frey Bridge which are crossing the Havel River, have been since 1909 of paramount importance for the East‐West traffic connection of the city. The Frey Bridge was demolished in March 2015 in order to make room for a new substitution bridge. How was it possible at all that from a historical and traffic‐technical point of view such an important construction has been neglected so long that it became ripe for demolition? And although it was under preservation since 1971? This article is a homage to Bernhard’s Havel Bridge and follows up its rich history.
Die neue Bleichinselbrücke in Heilbronn
Authors: Keil Andreas , Schächner Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie neue Bleichinselbrücke überspannt mit 88 m Länge und 24 m Breite den Alt‐Neckar in Heilbronn und verbindet die Innenstadt mit dem neu entstehenden Stadtgebiet auf der nördlichen Hälfte der Bleichinsel. Die 5‐feldrige Straßenbrücke ist als Verbundtragwerk mit oben liegender Betonfahrbahnplatte aus Halbfertigteilen und Ortbetonergänzung ausgeführt. Das darunter liegende Tragwerk besteht aus zwei geschweißten Stahlhohlkästen als Längsträger und schrägen, V‐förmig angeordneten Stützstreben, welche sich an den Ufern jeweils in einem Punkt treffen. Die Stützstreben wie auch die Widerlagerwände sind monolithisch mit den Längsträgern verbunden, es konnte ein integrales Bauwerk konzipiert werden, für das weder Lager noch Übergangskonstruktionen erforderlich wurden. Im Folgenden wird auf Entwurf, Konstruktion und Berechnung sowie auf Fertigung und Montage eingegangen.The new road bridge ‘Bleichinselbrücke’ in Heilbronn – Design of an integral composite road bridge. With 88 m length and 24 m width the new road bridge “Bleichinselbrücke” spans across the river “Alt‐Neckar” in Heilbronn connecting the city centre with the new residential area on the northern side of the island “Bleichinsel”. The 5‐span bridge is designed as a composite structure with a concrete deck made of precast concrete slabs and in situ concrete. The supporting structure of the deck consists of two welded steel hollow boxes as longitudinal girders and inclined V‐shaped struts at each side, which merge at one point at the river banks. The supporting struts as well as the abutment walls are monolithically connected to the longitudinal girders. An integral bridge structure has been conceived, without bearings and construction joints. The following report points out the architectural and structural design as well the construction and erection.
Peptide nanostructures in biomedical technology
Authors: Feyzizarnagh Hamid , Yoon Do‐Young , Goltz Mark , Kim Dong‐Shik 
Published: February 2016

Nanostructures of peptides have been investigated for biomedical applications due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties in addition to their excellent biocompatibility. Peptides may form fibrils, spheres and tubes in nanoscale depending on the formation conditions. These peptide nanostructures can be used in electrical, medical, dental, and environmental applications. Applications of these nanostructures include, but are not limited to, electronic devices, biosensing, medical imaging and diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering and stem cell research. This review offers a discussion of basic synthesis methods, properties and application of these nanomaterials. The review concludes with recommendations and future directions for peptide nanostructures. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:730–743. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1393This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures
Enhancing post anaerobic digestion of full-scale anaerobically digested sludge using free nitrous acid treatment
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Qilin , Ye Liu , Yuan Zhiguo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In some wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the ever increasing production of sludge with the expanding population overloaded the anaerobic digestion which compromises the sludge reduction efficiency. Post anaerobic digestion of anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) has been applied to enhance sludge reduction, however, to a very limited extent. This study verified the effectiveness of free nitrous acid (FNA i.e. HNO2) pre-treatment on enhancing full-scale ADS degradation in post anaerobic digestion. The ADS collected from a full-scale WWTP was subject to FNA treatment at concentrations of 0.77, 1.54, 2.31, 3.08, and 3.85 mg N/L for 24 h followed by biochemical methane potential tests. The FNA treatment at all concentrations resulted in an increase (from 1.5–3.1 % compared to the control) in sludge reduction with the highest improvement achieved at 0.77 mg HNO2-N/L. The FNA treatment at this concentration also resulted in the highest increase in methane production (40 %) compared to the control. The economic analysis indicates that FNA treatment is economically attractive for enhancing post anaerobic digestion of full-scale ADS.
Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of T wave oversensing in patients with subcutaneous ICD
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Harbieh Bernard , Levy Mathew , Leon Angel R. , Merchant Faisal M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundT wave oversensing (TWOS) is a major drawback of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD). Data on predictors of TWOS in S‐ICD recipients are limited.We sought to investigate predictors of TWOS in a cohort of patients receiving an S‐ICD at our institution.MethodsS‐ICD recipients at our center were identified retrospectively and stratified based on the presence or absence of TWOS. Clinical and electrocardiographic parameters were collected and compared between the 2 groups.ResultsNinety‐two patients underwent an S‐ICD implantation at our institution between April 2010 and January 2015. Six (6.5%) patients had TWOS. These patients were younger (38.1±13.7 vs. 52.3±16.1 years, p=0.04) and had higher left ventricle ejection fractions (48.5±14.9% vs. 28.4±12.2%, p<0.01) than patients without a history of TWOS. Baseline 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were not different between the 2 groups. Leads I, II, and avF (which mimic the sensing vectors of the S‐ICD) were further inspected to identify ECG characteristics that could predict TWOS. The QRS amplitude in ECG lead I was significantly smaller in the TWOS group than in the non‐TWOS group (3.7 vs. 7.4 mV, p=0.02).ConclusionIn this study, younger age, higher ejection fraction, and lower QRS amplitude were associated with TWOS. These findings could help identify patients referred for S‐ICD at high‐risk of TWOS.
The evolution of the subduction zone magmatism on the Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic active margins of the Paleoasian Ocean
Authors: Gordienko I.V. , Metelkin D.V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The geodynamic reconstruction using new data on the composition, age, and paleomagnetism of Neoproterozoic and Vendian–Early Paleozoic island arc complexes has provided new insights into the evolution of the subduction zone magmatism over extensive areas of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, including eastern Altai–Sayan, Transbaikalia, and Northern Mongolia. Comparison of the igneous complexes of modern and ancient ensimatic and ensialic island arcs in the subduction zone forms a basis for possible geodynamic scenarios of the subduction zone magmatism in Neoproterozoic and Vendian–Early Paleozoic island arcs in the zone of interaction between the Siberian paleocontinent and the Paleoasian Ocean, which take into account the composition of crustal and mantle (including mantle plume) components.
Evolution of tectonic events and topography in southeastern Gorny Altai in the Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic (data from apatite fission track thermochronology)
Authors: Vetrov E.V. , Buslov M.M. , De Grave J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Results of apatite fission track dating have been summarized and correlated with stratigraphic, geoelectrical, tectonic, and geomorphological data. The average regional rate of rock denudation in southeastern Gorny Altai is reflected in three thermotectonic events: (1) Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene tectonic activity with a denudation rate of ~200 m/Myr, related to the distant impact of the Mongol–Okhotsk orogeny; (2) Middle Paleogene–Early Neogene stabilization with peneplanation; and (3) Neogene–Quaternary “stepwise” tectonic activity with a denudation rate of ≤270 m/Myr, related to the distant impact of the Indo-Eurasian collision. We present results of study of the evolution of regional tectonic processes and topography over the last 100 Myr by analysis of digital and shaded elevation models and apatite fission track dating.
Boninites and ophiolites: Problems of their relations and petrogenesis of boninites
Authors: Sklyarov E.V. , Kovach V.P. , Kotov A.B. , Kuzmichev A.B. , Lavrenchuk A.V. , Perelyaev V.I. , Shchipansky A.A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
There are four main types of boninites in ophiolite suites, which either spatially coexist with ophiolites though belong to other tectonic units (1), or are present as later constituents of ophiolite sequences (crosscutting dikes or lavas on top) (2), or build ophiolite sequences together with island-arc tholeiites and basaltic andesites, followed by younger volcanics of MORB or BABB affinites (3), or occupy the whole mafic portion of ophiolite sequences, together with island-arc tholeiites and basaltic andesites (4). The latter type, considered in more detail for the case of ophiolites from the southeastern Sayan Mountains (Siberia, Russia), presents an example of inconsistency between the model of ophiolite formation in mid-ocean ridge settings and subduction-related island-arc fingerprints in ophiolitic mafic rocks. The patterns of boninites record several evolution models of oceanic systems, with melting and intrusion of boninites in forearc, arc, and back-arc settings. The existing models are controversial, possibly, because there is no single mechanism to account for all types of boninites.
Different-depth gabbro–ultrabasite associations in the Sikhote-Alin ophiolites (Russian Far East)
Authors: Khanchuk A.I. , Vysotskiy S.V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Based on the new geological, mineralogical, and geochemical data on the crystalline rocks of the Paleozoic ophiolite associations in the Sikhote-Alin (Russian southern Far East), we have reconstructed the tectonic setting of their formation. Two ophiolite associations have been recognized: peridotite–troctolite and peridotite–gabbronorite, differing mainly in the structure of the cumulative part of their sections. In the peridotite–troctolite association, the base of the cumulative unit is formed mostly by olivine–plagioclase rocks (troctolites and olivine gabbro), and in the peridotite–gabbronorite association, by essentially pyroxene rocks (pyroxenites and wehrlites). We have established that the ophiolite rocks crystallized at different pressures: troctolites—&lt;5 kbar (judging from the stability of the olivine–plagioclase paragenesis), hercynite gabbronorites—5–12 kbar, and garnet gabbro—&gt;12 kbar. The crystalline rocks form a single geochemical series, with the accumulation of lithophile elements and LREE in more differentiated varieties. The REE patterns of rocks are in good correlation with their mineral composition. We assume that the Sikhote-Alin ophiolites formed at the basement of an oceanic plateau growing as a result of mantle plume intrusion.
The Early Cambrian bimodal magmatism in the northeastern Siberian Craton
Authors: Prokopiev A.V. , Khudoley A.K. , Koroleva O.V. , Kazakova G.G. , Lokhov D.K. , Malyshev S.V. , Zaitsev A.I. , Roev S.P. , Sergeev S.A. , Berezhnaya N.G. , Vasiliev D.A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We present new data on geochemistry, isotopic geochemistry, and geochronology of the Early Cambrian igneous rocks of the northeastern Siberian Craton (Kharaulakh anticlinorium, contact between the Siberian Platform and the West Verkhoyansk sector of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt united into an Early Cambrian bimodal complex. This complex comprises trachyrhyolites forming pebbles in conglomerates near the base of the Cambrian succession, overlying trachybasalts, and mafic sills and dikes cutting Neoproterozoic strata. According to chemical composition, the felsic rocks are high-alkali rhyolites and correspond to A-type granites. The high contents of Ta, Nb, Hf, Tb, and Zr in these rocks suggest the presence of enriched mantle material in their magmatic sources. The mafic volcanics are high-Ti trachybasalts and trachydolerites with similar geochemical characteristics corresponding to alkali basalts or OIB. The high (Tb/Yb)PM ratios in these volcanics evidence that their magmatic source was the garnet peridotite mantle located at depths more than 90 km and characterized by a low degree of melting. However, the rhyolites, trachybasalts, and trachydolerites show high positive εNd(T) values (4.2–4.7, 7.5–8.9, and 7.2–8.2, respectively) indicating a depleted mantle source and no crustal contamination. The high (Nb/Yb)PM ratio points to the mixing of magmas from enriched and depleted mantle sources. Mafic magmas might have been generated from a heterogeneous source or interacted with the depleted mantle before intrusion. Both the felsic and the mafic rocks formed in within-plate environments. U–Pb zircon dating yielded concordant ages of 525.6 ± 3.9 and 537.0 ± 4.2 Ma, corresponding to the Early Cambrian age of the rhyolites. The date of 546.0 ± 7.7 Ma obtained for one sample points (with regard to the error) to the Late Vendian–Early Cambrian age. Thus, at the Vendian–Early Cambrian boundary, the northeastern Siberian Platform was subjected to continental rifting accompanied by bimodal magmatism of antidrome evolution. According to paleotectonic reconstructions, this part of the Siberian Craton might have been connected with the eastern margin of Laurentia in the Late Neoproterozoic (Late Riphean–Late Vendian), and continental rifting that started at the Vendian–Cambrian boundary led to their separation. The obtained isotope-geochronological data suggest that the studied bimodal complex began to form at the Vendian–Cambrian boundary and this process terminated no earlier than the end of the Terreneuvian (Tommotian), i.e., the complex formed during rifting for about 20 Myr.
U–Pb dating of zircons from PZ3–MZ igneous complexes of Transbaikalia by sector-field mass spectrometry with laser sampling: technique and comparison with SHRIMP
Authors: Khubanov V.B. , Buyantuev M.D. , Tsygankov A.A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
U–Pb zircon dating by laser ablation and sector-field mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (LA–SF-ICP-MS) is an accessible local method with easy sample preparation. At the Geological Institute, Ulan-Ude, this method was applied using a Thermo Scientific Element XR single-collector SF ICP mass spectrometer and a UP-213 (New Wave Research) laser ablation system. Measurements for standard zircons showed the error of dating less than 2%. The results of U–Pb LA–SF-ICP-MS dating of zircon from Late Paleozoic granitoids of western Transbaikalia confirm the overlapping of the time intervals of formation of the Barguzin (330–290 Ma), Chivyrkui (305–285 Ma), and Zaza (305–285 Ma) intrusive complexes.