bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond glucose and Warburg: finding the sweet spot in cancer metabolism models
Authors: Hammond Nia G. , Cameron Robert B. , Faubert Brandon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvances in cancer biology have highlighted metabolic reprogramming as an essential aspect of tumorigenesis and progression. However, recent efforts to study tumor metabolism in vivo have identified some disconnects between in vitro and in vivo biology. This is due, at least in part, to the simplified nature of cell culture models and highlights a growing need to utilize more physiologically relevant approaches to more accurately assess tumor metabolism. In this review, we outline the evolution of our understanding of cancer metabolism and discuss some discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo conditions. We describe how the development of physiological media, in combination with advanced culturing methods, can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo metabolism.
The Microleaks study: 16S community profile and metagenomic shotgun sequencing signatures associated with anastomotic leak
Authors: Hoedt Emily C. , Carroll Georgia , Stephensen Bree , Togher Katie , Morrison Mark , Vishnoi Veral , Makanyengo Samwel , Draganic Brian , McManus Brendan , Clarke Louise , Shah Kalpesh , Smith Stephen R. , Talley Nicholas J. , Keely Simon , Pockney Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnastomotic leaks (AL) are the most severe complications of colorectal surgery. The cause of AL is unclear, but recent studies have implicated the intestinal microbiota in its development. We aimed to determine whether there is an identifiable microbial pattern in the mucosal microbiota associated with AL. A pragmatic series of 162 patients undergoing colorectal resection with anastomosis had swabs taken from the proximal and distal mucosa of the bowel resection immediately after the tissue was excised. DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing and a subset for metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MGS). The AL rate in the cohort was approximately 15% (25/162). The alpha diversity measures from the intraoperative swabs were all significantly increased for AL, and there were significant differences in the beta diversity measures for AL from both the 16S and MGS datasets. The predictive power of AL was more sensitive when both proximal and distal communities were considered, and the species-level classifier AUC-ROC was stronger for the MGS dataset than for the 16S data (AUC = 0.92 and 0.76, respectively). We also report, for the first time, the functional changes in intraoperative AL microbes and noted an increase in the relative abundance of pathways with fermentation end products. This result was also found in our murine model of anastomoses (n = 20). At the time of surgery, the mucosal microbiota of the anastomotic extremities exhibits subtle differences at the species level and altered fermentation capacity, which may be associated with AL outcomes. A greater understanding of these insights could improve AL prognosis and preoperative management to reduce the occurrence of this life-threatening condition.
KI-gestützte Anwendungen in der physiotherapeutischen Dokumentation
Authors: Kaulisch Christopher , Klemme Beate 
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund KI-gestützte Anwendungen könnten berufliche Tätigkeiten von Physiotherapeut*innen unterstützen. Besonders im Bereich der Dokumentation des physiotherapeutischen Prozesses könnten KI-gestützte, sprachbasierte Anwendungen zu einer Entlastung der Physiotherapeut*innen während der beruflichen Tätigkeiten führen.
Ziel Identifikation von Anforderungen, welche von leitenden stationär tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen an ein sprachgestütztes Dokumentations- und Assistenzsystem gestellt werden, um darauf aufbauend künftig eine nutzerorientierte Entwicklung und Erprobung einer KI- und sprachbasierten Anwendung für die physiotherapeutische Dokumentation zu ermöglichen.
Methode Qualitative halbstandardisierte, leitfadengestützte Interviews (N = 4) mit anschließender Auswertung mittels qualitativ inhaltlich strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse.
Ergebnisse Es konnten Anforderungen identifiziert werden, die sich 1. auf die Arbeitsaufgaben und Arbeitsprozesse, 2. auf die individuellen Wünsche und Bedürfnisse der potenziellen Nutzer*innen und 3. auf die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen beziehen. In Abhängigkeit vom Tätigkeitsumfeld konnten zum Teil gegensätzliche Anforderungen an ein interoperables sprachgestütztes Dokumentations- und Assistenzsystem eruiert werden. Dabei bezieht sich die Interoperabilität auf die Fähigkeit des elektronischen Informationsaustauschs mit dem jeweiligen Krankenhausinformationssystem und auf den Informationsaustausch mit patienteneigenen Endgeräten, wie einem Smartphone. Deutlich wurde, dass die befragten Physiotherapeut*innen die möglichen Funktionen Sprachdokumentation, Sprachabfrage, Sprachsteuerung, Sprachanleitung und Sprachbenachrichtigung während ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit zielgerichtet einbinden möchten.
Schlussfolgerung Eine sprach- und KI-gestützte Dokumentations- und Assistenzanwendung sollte die physiotherapeutische Dokumentation erleichtern und eine interprofessionelle und monoprofessionelle Kommunikation ermöglichen. Die Hard- bzw. Software sollte sich an individuelle Gegebenheiten, Nutzerbedürfnisse und die jeweiligen medizinischen Fachbereiche anpassen lassen. Die Funktionen Sprachdokumentation, Sprachabfrage, Sprachsteuerung, Sprachanleitung und Sprachbenachrichtigung sollten barrierearm und intuitiv genutzt werden können. Bei der Entwicklung und Nutzung eines sprachgestützten Dokumentations- und Assistenzsystems sollten insbesondere der geltende Datenschutz, die Interoperabilität zu den jeweiligen Krankenhausinformationssystemen und die gesetzliche Verpflichtung zu einer vollständigen Dokumentation des physiotherapeutischen Prozesses beachtet werden.
Palbociclib: Randomized Studies and Real-world Evidence as the Basis for Therapeutic Planning in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ruckhäberle Eugen , Schmidt Marcus , Welt Anja , Harbeck Nadia , Wöckel Achim , Gluz Oleg , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Untch Michael , Lux Michael P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEndocrine-based combination therapy with an inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6 inhibitors) is currently the first-line therapy of choice for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−), locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (mBC). The efficacy and safety of the treatment with palbociclib, the first CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for this indication, have been confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with strictly defined patient cohorts. Since then, many relevant questions about CDK4/6 inhibition with palbociclib for mBC have been investigated in RCTs and real-world studies. Based on this evidence, palbociclib is widely used in clinical practice since many years because of its efficacy and good tolerability.The aim of this review is to summarize findings from RCTs and RWE considering clinically relevant aspects such as safety, tolerability, quality of life and efficacy with a focus on specific questions and patient characteristics. A critical discussion and review of the overall evidence for endocrine-based therapy with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib can contribute to support therapy decisions in daily clinical practice.
Development and Update of Guideline-based Quality Indicators in Lung Cancer
Authors: Utzig Martin , Hoffmann Hans , Reinmuth Niels , Schütte Wolfgang , Langer Thomas , Lobitz Jessica , Rückher Johannes , Wesselmann Simone 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background In 2022, an update of the German lung cancer guideline, first published in 2010 and revised in 2018, was released. This article aims to show the process of updating, developing, and implementing guideline-based quality indicators (QI) into the certification system for lung cancer centers (LCC).

Methods A multidisciplinary and interprofessional working group revised the guideline QIs from 2018 using the strong recommendations of the guideline update, a systematic review for QIs, and the results of the implemented QIs from LCC.

Results For 4 out of 8 indicators from the 2018 guideline, the LCC showed an improved implementation of the requirements in the last 3 years (2018–2020). For 3 indicators, the median of the results was constant at a very high level (≥96% or 100%). Only the “adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy” indicator showed declining values between 2018 and 2020. The target values and plausibility limits were well achieved by LCC. After updating the guideline, one QI from 2018 was not included in the new QI set due to the small denominator population. Based on the new strong recommendations, 8 new QIs were defined. From the QI set of the guideline update, 13 of 15 indicators (7 since 2018 and 6 from 2022 on) were adopted into the certification program.

Conclusions The guideline recommendations are implemented by LCC at a high level. The process presented confirms the successful implementation of the so-called quality cycle in oncology. The QIs developed by the German Guideline Program in Oncology (GGPO) are adopted by the certification program. The implementation of the QI is measured in LCC, evaluated by the German Cancer Society (DKG), and reflected back to the GGPO. The “real world” data have led to the deletion of one QI and show a high implementation of most QIs in LCC.
A novel ultrasound-based algorithm for the detection of pancreatic stents placed for prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective trial
Authors: Michael Florian Alexander , Feldmann Clara , Erasmus Hans-Peter , Kubesch Alica , Goerguelue Esra , Knabe Mate , Abedin Nada , Heilani Myriam , Hessz Daniel , Graf Christiana , Walter Dirk , Finkelmeier Fabian , Mihm Ulrike , Lingwal Neelam , Zeuzem Stefan , Bojunga Joerg , Friedrich-Rust Mireen , Dultz Georg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBefore removal of retained pancreatic stents placed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to avoid post-ERCP pancreatitis, imaging is recommended. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new ultrasound-based algorithm.Patients who received a pancreatic stent for PEP prophylaxis were included. Straight 5Fr (0.035inch) 6cm stents with an external flap that were visualized by ultrasound were removed endoscopically with no further imaging. If the ultrasound result reported the stent to be dislodged or was inconclusive, X-ray imaging was performed. The endpoints were positive and negative predictive value, specificity, sensitivity, and contingency coefficient between ultrasound and X-ray and/or endoscopy.88 patients were enrolled in the present study. X-ray was performed in 23 (26%) patients. Accordingly, the ultrasound algorithm saved an X-ray examination in 65 cases, leading to a reduction of 74%. Stents were retained in 67 patients (76%) and visualized correctly by ultrasound in 54 patients with a sensitivity of 81%. The positive predictive value was 83%. The specificity was 48%, because ultrasound described 10/21 dislodged stents correctly. The negative predictive value was 43%, since 10/23 stents were correctly classified by ultrasound as dislodged. In 11 patients (13%), esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed even though the pancreatic stent was already dislodged.A novel ultrasound-based algorithm reduced the need for X-ray imaging by three quarters. To avoid unnecessary endoscopic examinations, the algorithm should be implemented with a learning phase and procedures should be performed by experienced examiners. An important limitation might be stent length since shorter stents might be more difficult to visualize by ultrasound.
Is Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography with Balloon Sweeps a Must in Postcholecystectomy Stent Removal for Choledocholithiasis?
Authors: Sasikumar Deepak , Lad Saiprasad , Ingle Meghraj , Tailor Chintan , Rawat Vikramaditya , Shah Mit , Basavaraju Kiran , Lunagariya Yatin , Chopra Shivani , Borkar Vinay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate whether stent removal through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with balloon sweeps is necessary or whether stent removal by forward-viewing gastroscope without cholangiogram is sufficient.
Materials and Methods A prospective, single-center study was conducted from April 2022 to March 2023 for 1 year. Adult patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent common bile duct (CBD) clearance and CBD stenting followed by cholecystectomy were included. Then, they underwent CBD stent removal either by gastroscope directly or by side-viewing endoscopy with balloon sweeps and occlusion cholangiogram. Recurrence of stones and complications after stent removal were studied in both groups.
Results Forty-seven patients were enrolled in the final study. A total of 64% of patients (n = 30) underwent CBD stent removal followed by balloon sweeps and cholangiogram, and the remaining 34% (n = 17) patients underwent direct stent removal. Time taken for the procedure was more in the balloon sweeps group compared with the direct stent removal group and was statistically significant. No statistically significant adverse events were seen in both groups.
Conclusion Patients who underwent CBD stenting for choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy can safely undergo stent removal using a gastroscope rather than be subjected again to ERCP. This will significantly reduce the duration, unplanned adverse events, and cost of ERCP.
External validation and comparative analysis of the HOSPITAL score and LACE index for predicting readmissions among patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia in Australia
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Mangoni Arduino A. , Horwood Chris , Thompson Campbell 
Published: September 2024

Objective Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of emergency hospitalisations globally and is associated with high readmission rates. Specific score systems developed for all medical conditions such as the HOSPITAL score and the LACE index can also usefully predict CAP readmissions. However, there is limited evidence regarding their performance in the Australian healthcare settings. Methods This multicentre retrospective study analysed adult CAP discharges from two metropolitan hospitals in South Australia between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2023. Data for determining the HOSPITAL score and the LACE index were derived from electronic medical records. Demographic characteristics of patients readmitted within 30 days were compared with those who were not readmitted. The scores were evaluated for overall performance, discriminatory power and calibration, with discriminatory power assessed using the concordance statistic (C-statistic). Results Over 6 years, 7245 CAP discharges were recorded, with 1329 (18.3%) readmissions within 30 days. The mean (s.d.) age of the cohort was 74.4 (17.8) years. Readmitted patients were more likely to have multiple morbidities and frailty than those not readmitted (P < 0.05). They also had a higher mean number of emergency department presentations and hospital admissions in the previous year and a longer initial hospital stay (P < 0.05). Overall, the mean (s.d.) HOSPITAL score and LACE index were 3.4 (2.1) and 9.3 (3.6), respectively. Among readmissions, 28.4% occurred in patients with a HOSPITAL score >4 (intermediate and high-risk group), while 25.8% occurred in patients in the high-risk LACE category (LACE index > 10). The C-statistic for the HOSPITAL score and LACE index was 0.62 (95% CI 0.61–0.64) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.61–0.65), respectively, with no significant difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (P > 0.05). Conclusions The predictive abilities of the HOSPITAL score and the LACE index for CAP readmissions are modest and comparable in an Australian setting.
Pulsed Light Technology: Is it Sustainable?
Authors: Gómez-López Vicente M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pulsed light is a non-thermal method that was initially researched for microbial inactivation using high-power, broad-spectrum light pulses, with the UV-C light portion being the most lethal. This method was introduced to the Western hemisphere with the Hiramoto US patent in 1984 and was developed by PurePulse Technologies. It obtained the FDA approval for food use in 1996 and has been under continuous study and testing by academic institutions since 1998. It is linked to sustainable development goals 2, 3, 6, and 12, but its relation to goal 13 is particularly important, although hindered by lack of data. While numerous applications beyond microbial inactivation have been developed, only two are currently used industrially, namely, the decontamination of food contact surfaces for packaging and the enhancement of vitamin D concentration in edible fungi. Other potential applications include enzyme inactivation, phytochemical synthesis, water pollutant degradation, protein allergen inactivation, mycotoxin inactivation, modification of functional properties of proteins, and starch modification. The main advantage of pulsed light is its rapid effects although it is limited to surfaces and transparent liquids. Further refinement of dosimetry should facilitate the easier scaling up of laboratory results to more industrial applications.

Information
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Experimental study on temperature distribution of double-layer solid cylinder under local heating source
Authors: Wei Yu-Cheng , Sun Zhi-Wei , Hu Yang-Ming , Dai Hong-Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heating equipment is widely used in production and life, the transient temperature of the heated object reflects the effect of heating equipment, but also an important basis for the design of heating equipment. In the internal temperature measurement of micro heating equipment, some of the temperature measurement instruments are large in size, which makes it difficult to realize precision measurement, and the use of infrared measurement, laser temperature measurement and other methods cannot be used to accurately measure the temperature of the internal points of the material without destroying the material and equipment at the same time. In this study, based on the thermocouple temperature measurement technology and considering the problem of fragility and breakage caused by the small diameter of very fine thermocouple wires, a multi-point temperature synchronization measurement platform is constructed to realize the precise measurement of the temperature at multiple points inside the micro-heating element. Transient temperatures were measured at different locations of a water-containing porous medium inside a 15 mm long heating element under static heating and dynamic suction conditions in the case study. The results show that moisture and suction have a significant effect on the temperature inside the porous media layer. During the suction process, the temperature drop near the suction opening was larger, and the temperature drop near the wall was about 47% of the temperature drop inside. This study is a guide to the design of heating structures for vacuum drying equipment, electrically heated atomization systems and other micro-miniature heating equipment.
Design principles for

>

90
%

efficiency and

>

99
%

indistinguishability broadband quantum dot cavities
Authors: Dlaka D , Androvitsaneas P , Young A , Ma Q , Harbord E , Oulton Ruth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Quantum dots have the potential to be one of the brightest deterministic single photon sources with high end applications in quantum computing and cluster state generation. In this work, we re-examine the design of plain micropillars by meticulously examining the structural effects of the decay into leaky channels beyond an atom-like cavity estimation. We show that precise control of the side losses with the diameter and avoidance of propagating Bloch modes in the distributed Bragg reflectors can result in easy-to-manufacture broadband (

Q

≈
750

–2500) micropillars, allowing for broad optical coherent control pulses necessary for high single photon purity (

>

99.2%–99.99% achievable) while simultaneously demonstrating extremely high efficiency out the top (90.5%–96.4%). We also demonstrate that such cavities naturally decouple from the phonon sideband, with the phonon sideband reducing by a factor of 5–33 allowing us to predict that the photons should show 98.5%–99.8% indistinguishability without the need for filtering.
Image encryption algorithm based on a novel cascade chaotic system and DNA mutation
Authors: Li Peixin , Zhang Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The image is an important medium for information transfer. To ensure image security and improve encryption efficiency, a novel image encryption algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new chaotic map is proposed by combining traditional chaotic maps. The SHA-256 algorithm processes the input image to produce chaotic parameters that generate random sequences associated with the plaintext. Secondly, the plain image is encoded using a fast-dynamic DNA encoding method to obtain the DNA matrix. Thirdly, a new DNA sequence operation method called DNA frame shift mutation is designed. The DNA matrix after performing the frame shift mutation transformation is decoded into a pixel matrix. Finally, coordinate matrices are constructed and the pixel positions are randomly selected for dynamic diffusion, which enables simultaneous scrambling and diffusion at the pixel level. The values of the information entropy are all greater than or equal to 7.9993. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is secure and it can be resistant to various attacks. Meanwhile, it has sound encryption efficiency.
Investigation of circularly polarized MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for sub-6 GHz application
Authors: Kansal Parul , Mandpura Anup Kumar , Kumar Narendra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article demonstrates the design process for a unique, two-port, circularly polarized (CP) multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) antenna for fifth-generation (5G) applications operating at sub-6 GHz. The proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna comprises a patch antenna with a distinctive slot and a circular split ring resonator (SRR) at the ground plane. The circular patch antenna’s resonant frequency is moved to a lower frequency by the addition of a circular SRR at the ground plane. Investigating a special slot at the patch antenna can help in the enhancement of circular polarization and bandwidth. A sequence of parasitic elements in the shape of ‘h’ is placed in the space between the two antenna elements for decoupling. The minimum 20 dB inter isolation among the antenna elements in the proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna’s operating band is made possible by these h-shaped parasitic elements. In addition, to ensure the proposed antenna is more reliable for 5G applications at sub-6 GHz, other diversity parameters including Envelop Correlation Co-efficient (ECC), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Diversity Gain (DG), TARC (Total Active Reflection Co-efficient) and CCL (channel capacity loss) are also calculated . In comparison to existing MIMO systems of the same order, the proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna appears to have the minimum channel capacity loss and excellent diversity performance. The proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.3 to 3.6 GHz with impedance matching better than 10 dB and has an axial ratio bandwidth of 3.35 to 3.51 GHz with a steady radiation pattern in both planes over the operating frequency bands.