bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COULD KNOWLEDGE-TALK BE LARGELY NON-LITERAL?
Authors: Chung Julianne 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMuch work in epistemology, old and new, is devoted to explaining – or explaining away – the appeal of skeptical arguments (that is, arguments designed to impugn most, if not all, of our claims to know), as well as the fact that it also often seems as if we use knowledge-attributing sentences to express truths. More recently, philosophers have sought to explain other kinds of variability in our use of knowledge-attributing sentences besides, such as the kinds of variability that occur as a result of changing what is at stake or the salience of alternative possibilities, as in scenarios such as Keith DeRose's “bank cases.” These cases, and others like them, pose a dilemma very much like that posed by skeptical arguments. For they appear to suggest that we are wrong about something. Either we speak falsely when we attribute knowledge in the situations under consideration, or we speak falsely when we deny it. Or so it would seem. This paper argues that an alternative approach to explaining the relevant variability in our use of knowledge-attributing sentences – namely, a fictionalist one – merits serious consideration.
Convergence of a Time Discretization for a Nonlinear Second-Order Inclusion
Authors: Bartosz Krzysztof , Gasiński Leszek , Liu Zhenhai , Szafraniec Paweł 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe study an abstract second order inclusion involving two nonlinear single-valued operators and a nonlinear multi-valued term. Our goal is to establish the existence of solutions to the problem by applying numerical scheme based on time discretization. We show that the sequence of approximate solution converges weakly to a solution of the exact problem. We apply our abstract result to a dynamic, second-order-in-time differential inclusion involving a Clarke subdifferential of a locally Lipschitz, possibly non-convex and non-smooth potential. In the two presented examples the Clarke subdifferential appears either in a source term or in a boundary term.
Conserving a globally threatened species in a semi-natural, agrarian landscape
Authors: Ibbett Harriet , Lay Chansetha , Phlai Ponlork , Song Det , Hong Chamnan , Mahood Simon P. , Milner-Gulland E. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAgriculture threatens biodiversity across the tropics, particularly in semi-natural grassland landscapes, where human populations are high, habitat is easily converted and agriculture is prone to intensification. Over the last 20 years intensive, commercial dry season rice cultivation has emerged as the dominant threat to the Bengal florican Houbaropsis bengalensis, a globally threatened bustard that breeds in the seasonally inundated grasslands of central Cambodia. Although floricans have been extensively monitored for 10 years, no socioeconomic research has been undertaken to examine how local livelihood activities interact with the florican. We conducted household questionnaires and focus groups in 21 villages in the Northern Tonle Sap Conservation Landscape to gather information on household demographics, rice farming and bird hunting in protected and unprotected areas of florican breeding habitat. We identified a significant increase in dry season rice adoption by local communities since 2005. Dry season rice cultivation was strongly associated with agrochemical use and rice fields directly overlapped with florican breeding habitat, reducing habitat availability throughout the breeding season. We identified a low but significant level of bird hunting in grassland households (8%) and revealed a demand for wild bird meat amongst local communities. Our findings suggest an urgent need for conservation interventions in unprotected farmland and emphasize the role of enforcement and community engagement in improving protection within protected areas. We highlight the potential of private sector initiatives such as the Sustainable Rice Platform in reconciling conservation and development for impoverished rural communities.
Co-occurrence of DSM-IV mental disorders and alcohol use disorder among adult Chinese males
Authors: Cheng H. G. , Phillips M. R. , Li X. , Zhang J. , Shi Q. , Xu G. , Song Z. , Ding Z. , Pang S. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundStudies from high-income countries report moderate-to-strong positive associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other mental disorders, but there is little evidence about the comorbidity of AUD from low-and-middle-income countries.MethodsA sample of 74 752 adults from five provinces that account for >12% of China's adult population was screened using the General Health Questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was administered by psychiatrists to a subsample of 9619 males. The associations between AUD and other mental disorders at each site and the characteristics of men with AUD with and without comorbid mental disorders were estimated using logistic regression and summarized across sites using meta-analysis. Generalized estimation equations estimated the associations between the clinical features of alcohol dependence and comorbidity.ResultsRobust inverse associations were found between current AUD and any mood disorder (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.8) and any anxiety disorder (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–1.0). Compared with men without AUD, men with AUD without comorbid disorders were more likely to be middle-aged, to be currently married, and to have higher family incomes. Men with comorbid AUD and other disorders were more likely to have the clinical features of alcohol dependence than men with AUD without comorbid disorders.ConclusionsInverse associations between AUD and other mental disorders and the higher social status of men with AUD than men without AUD found in this large, representative sample of community-dwelling Chinese males highlight the importance of considering the local substance-use culture when designing clinical or preventive interventions for addictive conditions.
Clinical epidemiology and centre variation in chylothorax rates after cardiac surgery in children: a report from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium
Authors: Buckley Jason R. , Graham Eric M. , Gaies Michael , Alten Jeffrey A. , Cooper David S. , Costello John M. , Domnina Yuliya , Klugman Darren , Pasquali Sara K. , Donohue Janet E. , Zhang Wenying , Scheurer Mark A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionChylothorax after paediatric cardiac surgery incurs significant morbidity; however, a detailed understanding that does not rely on single-centre or administrative data is lacking. We described the present clinical epidemiology of postoperative chylothorax and evaluated variation in rates among centres with a multicentre cohort of patients treated in cardiac ICU.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected clinical data from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry. All postoperative paediatric cardiac surgical patients admitted from October, 2013 to September, 2015 were included. Risk factors for chylothorax and association with outcomes were evaluated using multivariable logistic or linear regression models, as appropriate, accounting for within-centre clustering using generalised estimating equations.ResultsA total of 4864 surgical hospitalisations from 15 centres were included. Chylothorax occurred in 3.8% (n=185) of hospitalisations. Case-mix-adjusted chylothorax rates varied from 1.5 to 7.6% and were not associated with centre volume. Independent risk factors for chylothorax included age <1 year, non-Caucasian race, single-ventricle physiology, extracardiac anomalies, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and thrombosis associated with an upper-extremity central venous line (all p<0.05). Chylothorax was associated with significantly longer duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, cardiac ICU and hospital length of stay, and higher in-hospital mortality (all p<0.001).ConclusionsChylothorax after cardiac surgery in children is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A five-fold variation in chylothorax rates was observed across centres. Future investigations should identify centres most adept at preventing and managing chylothorax and disseminate best practices.
Comparison of the therapeutic effects and side effects of tadalafil and sildenafil after surgery in young infants with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to systemic-to-pulmonary shunts
Authors: Sabri Mohammad Reza , Bigdelian Hamid , Hosseinzadeh Mohsen , Ahmadi Alireza , Ghaderian Mehdi , Shoja Mohammad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractYoung children with CHD and large systemic-to-pulmonary shunts eventually develop pulmonary hypertension. At present, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil have been used to control pulmonary pressure before and after cardiac surgery. Recently, tadalafil has been utilised in older children with similar efficacy, but it has been used to a lesser extent in young infants. From April, 2015 to June, 2016, 42 patients aged 3–24 months with a large septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension were randomly divided into two equal groups: one group received oral sildenafil (1–3 mg/kg/day every 8 hours), whereas the other group received oral tadalafil (1 mg/kg once a day) from 7–10 days before surgery to 3–4 weeks after surgery. During the first 48 hours after surgery, pulmonary artery-to-aortic pressure ratio and recorded systolic pulmonary artery pressures were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05); moreover, there were no differences in paediatric ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation time, clinical findings of low cardiac output state, and echocardiographic data between the two groups (p>0.05). Most of the patients had no side effects, and only five patients had a minor with no significant difference in both groups (p=0.371). Tadalafil can be considered as an effective oral therapy for preoperative and postoperative pulmonary hypertension in young infants. It can be administered at a once-daily dose with an appropriate efficacy and safety profile as sildenafil, and therefore it can be considered as an alternative to sildenafil in young children.
Comparative environmental impact assessments of green food certified cucumber and conventional cucumber cultivation in China
Authors: Wang Fang , Liu Yuexian , Ouyang Xihui , Hao Jianqiang , Yang Xiaosong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe need to ensure food safety has been recognized in China and the ‘Green Food’ system is used to restrict the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in its certified products. There has been limited study of the environmental impacts associated with the production of green food certified (GFC) products in China. In this study, life cycle assessment was used to evaluate environmental impacts of GFC cucumber cultivated under a greenhouse system in the suburbs of Beijing relative to conventional cultivation (CON), with the aim of identifying the key areas of potential environmental burden in cucumber cultivation. Eight environmental impact categories are considered, including global warming potential, energy depletion (ED), water depletion, acidification potential, aquatic eutrophication (AEU), human toxicity (HT), aquatic eco-toxicity (AET) and soil eco-toxicity (SET). Results showed that the environmental index of the GFC cucumber system was higher than that of the CON cucumber system. SET, EU and ED were identified as the main potential environmental impacts in cucumber systems, largely caused by fertilizer use on the farm. The potentials of HT and AET in GFC cucumber were lower than those in the CON system, mainly due to the reduced use of chemical pesticides. The agricultural input of plastics was the main contributor to energy depletion in both cucumber cultivation systems. Potential approaches to mitigate the environmental impacts of cucumber cultivation include increasing the fertilizer use efficiency, avoiding use of animal manure with high heavy metal content and recycling of plastics under the GFC cultivation system.
RalBP1 and p19-VHL play an oncogenic role, and p30-VHL plays a tumor suppressor role during the blebbishield emergency program
Authors: Jinesh Goodwin G , Kamat Ashish M 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCancer stem cells evade apoptotic death by blebbishield emergency program, which constructs blebbishields from apoptotic bodies and drives cellular transformation. Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) plays both tumor suppressor and oncogenic roles, and the reason behind is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that dimers and trimers of p19-VHL interact with RalBP1 to construct blebbishields. Expression of RalBP1, p19-VHL, and high-molecular weight VHL is required to evade apoptosis by blebbishield-mediated transformation. In contrast, p30-VHL plays a tumor suppressor role by inhibiting blebbishield-mediated transformation. Furthermore, target genes of VHL that suppress oxidative stress were elevated during blebbishield-mediated cellular transformation. Thus, RalBP1 and p19-VHL play an oncogenic role, whereas p30-VHL plays a tumor suppressor role during the blebbishield emergency program by regulating oxidative stress management genes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: α2,6-Sialylation mediates hepatocellular carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhao Y , Wei A , Zhang H , Chen X , Wang L , Zhang H , Yu X , Yuan Q , Zhang J , Wang S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAbnormal sialylation due to overexpression of sialyltransferases has been associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Although ST6Gal-I influences cancer persistence and progression by affecting various receptors, the underlying mechanisms and mediators remain largely obscure, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that ST6Gal-I expression was markedly upregulated in HCC tissues and cells, high levels being associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Furthermore, we examined the roles and mechanisms of ST6Gal-I in HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. ST6Gal-I overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh-7 cells, whereas its knockdown restricted these abilities in MHCC97-H cells. Additionally, in a mouse xenograft model, ST6Gal-I-knockdown MHCC97-H cells formed significantly smaller tumors, implying that ST6Gal-I overexpression can induce HCC cell malignant transformation. Importantly, enhanced HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis by ST6Gal-I may be associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotion, including β-catenin nuclear transition and upregulation of downstream molecules. Together, our results suggest a role for ST6Gal-I in promoting the growth and invasion of HCC cells through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules, and that ST6Gal-I might be a promising marker for prognosis and therapy of HCC.
Interaction and phonetic form in task completion
Authors: Solon Megan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The present study examines the effect of interlocutor type – second language (L2) learner versus heritage speaker – on interaction and phonetic accuracy during the completion of a dyadic map task in Spanish. Twenty intermediate-level, native English-speaking learners of Spanish and 10 heritage speakers of Spanish participated. Data collection occurred over two sessions; at each session, participants completed a dyadic map task on which pronunciation had been made task-essential via street names that constituted vocalic minimal pairs (e.g., Calle Poca vs. Calle Pica). At one session, L2 learners interacted with another L2 learner; at the other, they interacted with a heritage speaker, with the order of interlocutor interaction conditions counterbalanced across learner participants. Dyads were audio-recorded during the completion of the task, and the recordings were analyzed in two ways: (a) with regard to the number and type of language-related episodes (LREs; Swain & Lapkin, 1998, 2001) present in the interaction, with a focus on pronunciation-related LREs, and (b) with regard to the phonetic accuracy of learner Spanish vowel productions as measured by first and second formant frequencies. Results suggest little change in LRE production by interlocutor type but significantly less targetlike realizations of /o/ and /u/ during interaction with a heritage speaker than with another L2 learner. The findings are discussed in light of previous research on interlocutor effects on interaction and linguistic outcomes and with special attention given to how and why pronunciation as a target feature may differ from other foci.
Teachers’ provision of feedback in L2 text-chat
Authors: Ziegler Nicole , Smith George Fredrik 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the role of various individual differences in second language (L2) learning and use, finding that factors such as aptitude (e.g., Robinson, 2005; Skehan, 2002), motivation (e.g., Dörnyei, Henry, & MacIntyre, 2014; Masgoret & Gardner, 2003), anxiety (e.g., Horwitz, 2001, 2010), creativity (e.g., Bell, 2012; McDonough, Crawford, & Mackey, 2015), and working memory capacity (WMC; see Baddeley, 2003; Juffs & Harrington, 2011 for reviews), have a substantial impact on L2 learning outcomes. Although the majority of this empirical research has focused on the learner as interlocutor, a growing number of scholars have turned their attention to the potential influence of individual differences in the cognition of non-learner interlocutors (i.e., teachers; see Gurzynski-Weiss, 2014a, this volume). This exploratory research examines the relationship between teacher interlocutors’ WMC and their provision of corrective feedback in written synchronous text chat. While results indicated no statistically significant correlation between teachers’ WMC and their provision of feedback during interactions, findings from stimulated recall protocols suggested that several teacher, learner, and contextual factors (such as personal beliefs, knowledge of learners’ first language, and the communicative value of an error) play a mediating role in teachers’ feedback decisions.
Look who’s interacting
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Plonsky Luke 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Despite the presence of non-teacher/non-peer learner interlocutors in primary (e.g., Gass and Varonis, 1985; M. H. Long, 1983; Varonis & Gass, 1985a, 1985b) and meta-analytic (Li, 2010) studies, and in interactionist theory and review articles (M. H. Long, 1996; Mackey & Goo, 2007), the individual differences (IDs) of these interlocutors have not been an explicit focus of theoretical discussion within the interaction approach. The lack of attention in this area is particularly surprising given how frequently learners interact with individuals who are not peers or teachers. The current scoping review, the final chapter of this volume, addresses this gap by systematically investigating the extent to which non-teacher/non-peer learner interlocutors and their IDs have been considered in empirical studies examining L2 interaction. We also critique the methodology employed to conduct this research, and make recommendations for future studies looking to ensure that the characteristics of all individuals who interact with L2 learners – and have the opportunity to influence L2 learning – are robustly investigated.
Are there brain bases for phonological markedness?
Authors: Scharinger Mathias 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Pursuing the question of whether there are brain bases for phonological markedness necessitates an empirical and testable approach. This approach – put forward in this chapter – is couched in a theory of phonological feature specification and tested with brain imaging methods, with an emphasis on electrophysiology, encompassing electro- and magnetoencephalographic experiments. After sketching the theoretical background and introducing the basics of the reported brain measures, the chapter contains a review of some electrophysiological findings with their re-interpretation from the point of view of phonological markedness. Furthermore, the feature-approach is contrasted with a proposed reduction of phonological markedness to frequency-of-occurrence relations. Altogether, the review provides some important suggestions and starting points for further looking into the neurobiological reality of phonological markedness.
There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology
Authors: Martins Pedro Tiago 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Markedness is a pervasive notion in theories of language. In some phonological theories or models, it very much occupies a prominent position. In this chapter it is argued that the notion of markedness is not useful to our understanding of phonology and language in general, for two reasons. The first is that the notion of markedness has convincingly been shown in the literature to be a confusing label for a variety of things, all of which can be explained independently. The second is that if phonology is to be understood as part of a biological system (which we call language), its components must be amenable to investigation in the cognitive and biological sciences. The notion of markedness as part of a phonological component does not seem to qualify for any meaningful kind of investigation in that respect. It follows that markedness has no place in biologically-informed phonology.
Adverbial adjectives and -mente adverbs face to face
Authors: Company Company Concepción 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The paper compares five minimal pairs of adverbial adjectives (aa) and -mente adverbs in two periods of Spanish, the 18th and the 21st centuries. The hypothesis is that aa keeps “traces” or “memory” of its original adjective category, and for that reason, to recategorize as an adverb, aa needs to exhibit more cohesion with the verb, a rigid relative v-aa order, appearing in contexts having a greater number of nominals than -mente, and appearing in sentences or paragraphs with lesser event complexity, as compared to -mente forms. -Mente has surpassed the np status from old times, it is a true adverb, able to enter in more contexts than aa, and able to enter in more complex sentences and event relationships.
From adjective to adverbial modal locutions in Spanish
Authors: Ortiz Ciscomani Rosa María 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper focus on an issue at present not well-known, neither in the synchronic nor in the diachronic perspective, that is, the adverbial modal locutions in Spanish with an adjective lexical base – a nominalized adjective or a nominal phrase – displaying the ending -as, in a prepositional phrase with the preposition a. The paper offers a diachronic analysis of these locutions from the 12th to 20th centuries. It describes the adjectives entering in this construction and provides evidence to support the emergence of an adverbial scheme with a specific, expressive or subjective, function. It also aims to show that the adverbial modal scheme arose relevant to the fifteenth century from the original prepositional phrase by a constructional grammaticalization change.
Adverbial adjectives and the decomposition of event predicates
Authors: Suñer Ave lina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article provides an analysis of the so-called “adverbial adjectives” in Romance on the basis of a theory of syntactic decomposition of the event predicate by using Hale & Keyser’s Configurational Theory of Argument Structure. The first part establishes a hierarchy of adverbial adjectives according to the different levels of the argument structure of the predicate they are related to. The last section analyses the structural conditions determining the alternation between adverbial adjectives and secondary predicates. The article claims that the non-agreeing properties and the particular semantic interpretation of adverbial adjectives are the result of the interaction between their own lexical and semantic features and the portion of the internal structure of the event predicate they are associated with.