bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seafood traceability program design: Examination of the United States’ Seafood Import Monitoring Program
Authors: Steinkruger Andrew , Kroetz Kailin , Malakoff Kaitlyn L. , Gephart Jessica A. , Luque Gloria , Lee Patrick , Chicojay Moore Katrina , Donlan C. Josh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe United States’ current Seafood Import Monitoring Program (SIMP) and a potential extension are undergoing review, yet quantitative evaluation of the current program is lacking. The SIMP is a traceability program aimed at reducing imports of seafood products that are of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) origin or associated with seafood fraud. We conducted a quantitative examination of the SIMP’s current scope and design by synthesizing publicly available trade data along with measures of IUU fishing and seafood mislabeling. We found prioritized shipments amounted to 33% of 2016 imported tonnage. The SIMP species groups had higher IUU scores and mislabeling rates relative to non-SIMP groups, but the difference was consistent with random prioritization suggesting potential benefits from program expansion. Furthermore, two-thirds of imported volume lacked a mislabeling rate and 5% lacked species information, underlining the urgent need for improved open-access data on globalized seafood supply chains.
Cu3BiS3 film synthesis through rapid thermal processing sulfurization of electron beam evaporated precursors
Authors: Amorim C. O. , Liborio M. S. , Queiroz J. C. A. , Melo B. M. G. , Sivasankar S. M. , Costa T. H. C. , Graça M. P. F. , da Cunha A. F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn response to the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions, Cu3BiS3 (CBS) films emerge as a promising alternative for cost-effective and eco-friendly photovoltaic absorbers. This work explores the synthesis and characterization of CBS films via sulfurization of metallic Cu and Bi precursors deposited using electron beam evaporation. We investigated the effects of both duration and temperature during the Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) sulfurization. Using SEM/EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-VIS-NIR transmittance measurements, we demonstrate the successful formation of the CBS Wittichenite phase with band gap energies $$\:{E}_{g}\approx\:1.4\:eV$$, and absorption coefficients $$\:\alpha\:\ge\:{10}^{4}\:{cm}^{-1}$$, highlighting the CBS potential as a viable alternative as a photovoltaic absorber. We achieved films with the dominant CBS phase, with large highly crystalline grains but still containing some undesired copper sulphide secondary phases. These films were obtained at low RTP temperatures (350 °C) and short durations (5 min), ensuring both time and energy efficient consumption, in contrast to commonly reported lengthy, high-temperature processes.
Graphical abstract
Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Properties and Biological Activities of Sweet and Conventional Potato Planted in Morocco
Authors: Sbai Hajar , Zinedine Abdellah , Rocha João Miguel , Chabir Rachida , Errachidi Faouzi , Raoui Sidi Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed at studying phytochemical composition, nutritional properties and biological activities (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) of two potato varieties (sweet potato (SP): Ipomoea batatas L. and conventional potato (CP): Solanum tuberosum L.) planted and consumed in Morocco. For this, potato samples (SP and CP) were firstly subjected to phytochemical and nutritional analysis, including water content, total and reducing sugars, proteins, lipids, vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Secondly, phenolic compounds extracts were subjected to biological activities namely antioxidant and invitro anti-inflammatory. Potato extracts antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) methods. Proteins and lipids contents were found much higher in SP (5.21 ± 0.26 and 0.29 ± 0.02 g/100g DW) respectively than in CP (2.93 ± 0.15 and 0.11 ± 0.01 g/100g DW) respectively. Besides, total and reducing sugars contents were 16.65 and 2.53 g/100g DW in the CP, and 12.47 and 2.13 g/100g DW in the SP, respectively. The antioxidant activity of different SP extracts was found to be higher than those of CP, by using DPPH and TAC methods. These findings could be explained by SP richness in carotenoids (212 ± 10.60 mg/100g DW), phenolic compounds (130.11 ± 6.51 mg GAE/100g DW), flavonoids (85.03 ± 4.2 5mg QE/100g DW) and vitamin C (471.33 ± 23.57 mg/100g DW). Exclusion chromatography done by Sephadex G50 showed that polymeric phenolic compounds in SP were more abundant when compared to monomeric ones. This difference was consistent with the anti-inflammatory activity assessed in vitro.
Trends in antibiotic utilization for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with and without signs of sepsis
Authors: Shappell Claire N. , Klompas Michael , Chan Christina , Chen Tom , Rhee Chanu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To assess trends in antibiotic prescribing for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with and without sepsis.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record (EHR) data.

Setting:
Five hospitals in eastern Massachusetts.

Patients:
Adults (≥18 years) hospitalized with community-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections between March 2020 and November 2022.

Methods:
We assessed quarterly trends in the use of prolonged initial antibiotic therapy (≥4 antibiotic days within one week of admission, including discharge antibiotics) amongst COVID-19 patients with and without sepsis, defined using clinical signs of organ dysfunction before hospital day 3. Poisson regression models were used to adjust for baseline characteristics and severity of illness.

Results:
Of 431,017 hospitalizations in the study period, 21,563 (5.0%) had community-onset COVID-19. 4,769/21,563 (20.5%) presented with sepsis. Prolonged antibiotics were prescribed in 2,323/4,769 (48.7%) COVID-19 patients with sepsis and 2,866/16,794 (17.1%) without sepsis despite low rates of positive bacterial cultures on admission (15.0% vs 6.3%, respectively). Quarterly rates of prolonged antibiotics declined between the first and second pandemic quarters for both sepsis (66.8% to 43.9%) and no-sepsis (31.8% to 24.4%) groups. However, there was no significant change thereafter through November 2022 in either group (quarterly aORs 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.05 and 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03, respectively).

Conclusions:
Prolonged antibiotics were common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without sepsis during the first 33 months of the pandemic despite low rates of proven bacterial infection. Decreases in antibiotic utilization occurred primarily between the first and second pandemic quarter with no further reduction thereafter.
De-risking Death-traps in Uncontrolled Industrialization: Factory Act and Industrial Health and Safety in Republican China
Authors: Lee Ban 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Republican China, the Factory Act was first promulgated in 1929, after almost thirty years of unregulated industrialization. Little academic effort has been made to comprehend its actual implementation. Some academics have dismissed it as completely useless, while others have credited it with various enhancements in working conditions. This article focuses on workplace health and safety issues and critically evaluates the implementation of the law to scrutinize its effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) in addressing workers’ life and death matters. This article aims to reassert the Factory Act in China's modern history of industrial development. It points out that despite its inadequate enforcement, the law was significant in laying the foundation for the national institutionalization of state responsibility to systematically monitor and regulate workplace health and safety and paving the way for further safety legislation. Nevertheless, the law fell short of safeguarding workers’ rights during industrial accidents.
Sharing memory and wisdom across generations: A scaffolded community reminiscing programme for adolescents and older adults
Authors: Van Bergen Penny , Evans Tanya , Harris Celia B. , Branagh Elizabeth , Macabulos Patricia , Barnier Amanda J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The role of memory in supporting adolescents' sense of place and past is not well understood, but older adults offer a wealth of life stories and wisdom that they can share with younger generations. This in-depth pilot study positioned Australian high school students as oral historians to interview older Australians about their lives. Oral historian training and materials were provided, and pre- and post-intervention measures of adolescents' sense of everyday Australian history, well-being, and social connection were collected for an intervention school group (n = 17) and a waitlist control school group (n = 12). In-depth supplementary memory and well-being data were also collected for six participating older adults. In the intervention condition, scaffolded memory interviews took place during weekly aged care visits across one school term and were followed by an intergenerational celebration and memory book presentation. As hypothesised, older adults imbued their stories with life lessons for adolescents. Although no quantitative changes in participants' well-being emerged, qualitative data revealed the emergence of rich interpersonal relationships and bonding between adolescents and older adults. There were also benefits of the programme for older adults' reports of generativity and adolescents' understanding of everyday Australian history. The findings demonstrate the social and academic benefits of scaffolded intergenerational memory conversations and represent a scalable educational model and materials with downstream community benefits.
THE EXTENT AND LEGITIMACY OF THE JUDICIAL FUNCTION IN UNCLOS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
Authors: Guilfoyle Douglas , Mossop Joanna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines reactions to the South China Sea and Chagos Marine Protection Area arbitrations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in particular concerns about the potential widening of Part XV jurisdiction and its impact on the dispute resolution system's consent basis. It argues that assessing the impact of such cases involves a characterization of both the function of Part XV and of international judges. Ultimately, it suggests that the best test of whether UNCLOS case law has gone too far is the reaction of States in designing dispute settlement under the new Agreement under UNCLOS on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction.
Consumer food environments change over a 5-year period
Authors: de Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro , Lopes Mariana Souza , de Menezes Mariana Carvalho , Jaime Patrícia Constante , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Evaluate the 5-year changes in the consumers’ food environment in the area of a health promotion service in Brazilian primary health care. Our hypothesis is that the consumers’ food environment in the areas with primary healthcare services has changes that may favour healthy eating habits over time.

Design:
Longitudinal study.

Setting:
The territory around the primary healthcare services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Participants:
All food stores and open-air food markets that sell fruits and vegetables around the primary healthcare services in 2013 (n 272) and in 2018 (n 265).

Results:
Fruit diversity increased by 13·4 % (P < 0·001) and vegetables variety and quality by 16·1 % (P = 0·003) and 12·5 % (P < 0·001), respectively. Corn snacks showed an increase in availability (13·5 %; P = 0·002). The increase in advertising was observed for fruits and vegetables (34·6 %; P < 0·001) and ultra-processed foods (47·6 %; P < 0·001). Supermarkets showed an increase in the Healthy Food Store Index (three points; P < 0·001), while fruits and vegetables stores showed a decrease of one point in the index (P < 0·001).

Conclusions:
The unequal changes in the consumers’ food environment according to the food stores types demonstrate the importance of food supply policies that promote a healthy environment and favour the maintenance of traditional healthy food retailers.
How we can mine asteroids for space food
Authors: Pilles Eric , Nicklin Richard I. , Pearce Joshua M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To deeply explore the solar system, it will be necessary to become less reliant on the resupply tether to Earth. An approach explored in this study is to convert hydrocarbons in asteroids to human edible food. After comparing the experimental pyrolysis breakdown products, which were able to be converted to biomass using a consortia, it was hypothesized that equivalent chemicals found on asteroids could also be converted to biomass with the same nutritional content as the pyrolyzed products. This study is a mathematical exercise that explores the potential food yield that could be produced from these methodologies. This study uses the abundance of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the Murchison meteorite (>35 ppm) as a baseline for the calculations, representing the minimum amount of organic matter that could theoretically be attributed to biomass production. Calculations for the total carbon in solvent-insoluble organic matter (IOM) represent the maximum amount of organic matter that could theoretically be attributed to food production. These two values will provide a range of realistic yields to determine how much food could theoretically be extractable from an asteroid. The results of this study found that if only the aliphatic hydrocarbons can be converted into biomass (minimum scenario) the resulting mass of edible biomass extractable from asteroid Bennu ranges from 5.070 × 107 g to 2.390 × 108 g. If the biomass extraction process, however, is more efficient, and all IOM is converted into edible biomass (maximum scenario), then the mass of edible biomass extractable from asteroid Bennu ranges from 1.391 × 109 g to 6.556 × 109 g. This would provide between 5.762 × 108 and 1.581 × 1010 calories that is enough to support between 600 and 17 000 astronaut life years. The asteroid mass needed to support one astronaut for one year is between 160 000 metric tons and 5000 metric tons. Based on these results, this approach of using carbon in asteroids to provide a distributed food source for humans appears promising, but there are substantial areas of future work.
Harvest loss in corn and implication for volunteerism
Authors: Stephens Trey , Kumar Vipin , Rees Jenny , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nebraska is one of the top five corn-growing states in the United States, with the planting of corn on 3.5 to 4 million hectares annually. Harvest loss of corn results in volunteer corn interference in the crop grown in rotation. Estimating the extent of harvest loss and expected volunteer corn density is a key to planning an integrated volunteer corn management program. This study aimed to evaluate the harvest loss of corn and estimate the potential for volunteerism. Harvest loss samples were collected after corn harvest from a total of 47 fields in six counties, including 26 corn fields in 2020, and 21 fields in 2021, in south-central and southeastern Nebraska. An individual cornfield size was 16 to 64 ha. A total of 16 samples were collected from each field after corn harvest in 2020 and 2021. Harvest loss of corn was 1.5% and 0.7% of the average yield of 15,300 kg ha−1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Corn harvest loss was 191 and 80 kg ha−1 from dryland fields, and 206 and 114 kg ha−1 from irrigated fields in 2020 and 2021, respectively. An average kernel loss of 68 and 33 m−2 occurred in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The germination percentage of corn kernels collected from harvest loss was 51%, which implies that volunteer corn plants of 35 and 17 m−2 from 2020 and 2021, respectively, could be expected in successive years. A volunteer corn management plan is required, because if it is not controlled, this level of volunteer corn density can cause yield reduction depending on the crop grown in rotation.
Overestimation of Mangroves Deterioration From Sea Level Rise in Tropical Deltas
Authors: Dai Zhijun , Long Chuqi , Mei Xuefei , Fagherazzi Sergio , Xiong Yuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMangrove forests are critical coastal ecosystems that provide great socio‐ecological services, which are also highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly to sea level rise (SLR). Here we assess changes in mangrove forests in four distinct river/tide/wave‐dominant large deltas along the Indo‐Pacific coast based on 1,336 remote sensing images by machine learning techniques. We find that mangroves are migrating seaward at a rate of 18% ± 12% m/yr, which can offset landward mangroves loss, 67% of which caused by land use conversion. The fact that mangroves are expanding seaward with accretion rates exceeding SLR suggests that climate change has not yet triggered substantial loss in deltaic mangrove forests. Assuming that present environmental conditions do not change and that sediment and organic deposition in the deltaic topsets match SLR rates, we project that 90% of deltaic mangrove forests may start to retreat after 132–194 years. Early inundation of mangroves will occur in wave‐dominated delta.
Characterizing Wet Season Precipitation in the Central Amazon Using a Mesoscale Convective System Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Tai Sheng‐Lun , Feng Zhe , Marquis James , Fast Jerome 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo comprehensively characterize convective precipitation in the central Amazon region, we utilize the Python FLEXible object TRacKeR (PyFLEXTRKR) to track mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed through satellite measurements and simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection‐permitting resolution. This study spans a 2‐month period during the wet seasons of 2014 and 2015. We observe a strong correlation between the MCS track density and accumulated precipitation in the Amazon basin. Key factors contributing to precipitation, such as MCS properties (number, size, rainfall intensity, and movement), are thoroughly examined. Our analysis reveals that while the overall model produces fewer MCSs with smaller mean sizes compared to observations, it tends to overpredict total precipitation due to excessive rainfall intensity for heavy rainfall events (≥10 mm hr−1). These biases in simulated MCS properties could vary with the constraints on the convective background environment. Moreover, while the wet bias from heavy (convective) rainfall outweighs the dry bias in light (stratiform) rainfall, the latter can be crucial, particularly when MCS cloud cover is significantly underestimated. A case study for 1 April 2014 highlights the influence of environmental conditions on the MCS lifecycle and identifies an unrealistic model representation in both stratiform and convective precipitation features.
Interdecadal Springtime Aerosol Increase in the North Indian Ocean Observed From the Satellite AVHRR Instrument
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng , Frech James , Zhao Xuepeng , Zhang Huai‐min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 38‐year aerosol optical thickness (AOT) satellite product from the Advanced Very High‐Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is used to investigate the aerosol variabilities in the North Indian Ocean (NIO). A dipolar mode with a notable meridional contrast between the equatorial and northern NIO is revealed by the second mode of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis with a sharp rise over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) since 2002. Our results show that the aerosol dipolar variation is primarily modulated by an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1983–2001 (ID1) and by a warm phase of Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO) during 2002–2020 (ID2), leading to a dry‐and‐warming condition spanning the coasts of East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula (AP), and South Asia (SA) that favors increasing aerosol emission and a longer life cycle in the upstream regions. A warm phase of the AMO tends to excite an anomalous cyclone in western Siberia and reinforces anticyclonic circulation in the Tibetan Plateau. Correlation analyses between the second EOF mode time series and other parameters in ID1 and ID2 show that an interannual dry‐and‐warming condition over the AP–SA is associated with a noticeable north‐south contrast of convection between the equatorial NIO and AP–SA in ID1. But in ID2, a zonal contrast of anomalous convective activities between the AP–SA and the BoB‐South China Sea is dominant, partially due to the warming AMO, which aids the development of anticyclonic cells over the TP and the strengthened subtropical westerly jet streams.
Atomistic simulations of polysaccharide materials for insights into their crystal structure, nanostructure, and dissolution mechanism
Authors: Uto Takuya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrystalline polysaccharides are abundant in nature and can be transformed into highly functional materials. However, the molecular basis for the formation of higher-order structures remains unclear. Computer simulation is an advanced tool for modeling macromolecular structures, and the atomistic simulations provide valuable information on the crystalline polysaccharides. Fiber deformation, crystalline transition, and novel nanostructures of cellulose were characterized through molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations of models of molecular chain sheets extracted from the crystal structure of the cellulose polymorphs. Extended ensemble molecular dynamics simulations were applied to analyze the artificial crystal structure of non-natural amylose analog polysaccharides, revealing the hexagonal packing of double helices through the self-assembly of molecular chains dispersed in aqueous solution. Dissolution simulations of the cellulose and chitin crystalline fibers revealed that the anions of ionic liquids, with their solvation power, played a key role in the cleavage of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure, whereas the cations contributed to irreversible molecular chain dispersion. The good correlation between the actual solubility of polysaccharides and the predicted number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds prompted the development of a platform that combined simulations and machine learning for high-throughput screening of solvents for cellulose and chitin.