bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and Fast Overidentified Rank Estimation for Right-censored Length-biased Data and Backward Recurrence Time
Authors: Sun Yifei , Chan Kwun Chuen Gary , Qin Jing 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Length-biased survival data subject to right-censoring are often collected from a prevalent cohort. However, informative right censoring induced by the sampling design creates challenges in methodological development. While certain conditioning arguments could circumvent the problem of informative censoring, related rank estimation methods are typically inefficient because the marginal likelihood of the backward recurrence time is not ancillary. Under a semiparametric accelerated failure time model, an overidentified set of log-rank estimating equations is constructed based on the left-truncated right-censored data and backward recurrence time. Efficient combination of the estimating equations is simplified by exploiting an asymptotic independence property between two sets of estimating equations. A fast algorithm is studied for solving non-smooth, non-monotone estimating equations. Simulation studies confirm that the overidentified rank estimator can have a substantially improved estimation efficiency compared to just-identified rank estimators. The proposed method is applied to a dementia study for illustration.
Hydrogen sulfide pretreatment improves mitochondrial function in myocardial hypertrophy via a SIRT3‐dependent manner
Authors: Meng Guoliang , Liu Jieqiong , Liu Shangmin , Song Qiuyi , Liu Lulu , Xie Liping , Han Yi , Ji Yong 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signal molecule with antioxidative properties. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is closely associated with mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. The study was to investigate whether and how H2S improved myocardial hypertrophy via a SIRT3‐dependent manner.Experimental ApproachNeonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with NaHS (50 μM) for 4 h followed by angiotensin II (Ang II, 100 nM) for 24 h. SIRT3 was silenced with siRNA technology. SIRT3 promoter activity and expression, cell surface, hypertrophic gene mRNA expression, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and membrane potential were measured. Male 129S1/SvImJ [wild‐type (WT)] and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were injected with NaHS (50 μmol·kg−1·day−1; i.p.) followed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Echocardiography, heart mass, mitochondrial ultrastructure, volume and number, oxidative stress, mitochondria fusion and fission‐related protein expression were measured.Key ResultsIn vitro, NaHS increased SIRT3 promoter activity and SIRT3 expression in Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. SIRT3 silencing abolished the ability of NaHS to reverse the Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, mitochondrial function impairment and permeability potential dysfunction, along with the decline in FOXO3a and SOD2 expression. In vivo, after TAC. NaHS attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, inhibited oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, suppressed mitochondrial volume but increased mitochondrial numbers, enhanced OPA1, MFN1 and MFN2 expression but suppressed DRP1 and FIS1 expression in WT mice but not in SIRT3 KO miceConclusion and ImplicationsNaHS improved mitochondrial function and inhibited oxidative stress in myocardial hypertrophy in a SIRT3‐dependent manner.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc
Effects of Mobile Phones on Children's and Adolescents’ Health: A Commentary
Authors: Hardell Lennart 
Published: May 2017

The use of digital technology has grown rapidly during the last couple of decades. During use, mobile phones and cordless phones emit radiofrequency (RF) radiation. No previous generation has been exposed during childhood and adolescence to this kind of radiation. The brain is the main target organ for RF emissions from the handheld wireless phone. An evaluation of the scientific evidence on the brain tumor risk was made in May 2011 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer at World Health Organization. The scientific panel reached the conclusion that RF radiation from devices that emit nonionizing RF radiation in the frequency range 30 kHz–300 GHz is a Group 2B, that is, a “possible” human carcinogen. With respect to health implications of digital (wireless) technologies, it is of importance that neurological diseases, physiological addiction, cognition, sleep, and behavioral problems are considered in addition to cancer. Well‐being needs to be carefully evaluated as an effect of changed behavior in children and adolescents through their interactions with modern digital technologies.
A short report on current fertility preservation strategies for boys
Authors: Ho Wei Li Cindy , Bourne Harold , Gook Debra , Clarke Gary , Kemertzis Matthew , Stern Kate , Agresta Franca , Heloury Yves , Clark Hannah , Orme Lisa , Jayasinghe Yasmin , Zacharin Margaret R. ,   the Paediatric & Adolescent Fertility Preservation Task Force, Melbourne
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundAdvances in cancer treatment have led to improved long‐term survival after childhood cancer, but often at a price of impaired future fertility. Fertility preservation (FP) in male children and early adolescents poses unique challenges as efficacy is unproven.ObjectivesTo describe characteristics of testicular tissue cryopreservation (TTCP) specimens taken from paediatric and adolescent patients, stratified by age, and prior chemotherapy, if any, and to demonstrate evidence for germ cells.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of gonadal biopsies and clinical records of patients consented into the Royal Children's Hospital FP programme between 1987 and 2015. Tissue was sliced into blocks, with one section sent for histopathology prior to cryopreservation. In boys ≥12 years where spermatogenesis could be expected, a portion of tissue was disaggregated completely to look for mature sperm and if found, additional tissue was dissected and the resulting suspension frozen.ResultsTesticular tissue cryopreservation specimens in 44 males (0.3‐16.8 years) provided an average of 7.8 slices per patient. All the specimens were taken at the same time as another necessary surgical procedure, under one general anaesthesic. There was only one complication of scrotal wound dehiscence. Seven of the forty‐four (15.9%) patients had chemotherapy prior to testicular biopsy, while the rest were chemotherapy naïve. Five of these were prepubertal, and two were pubertal patients. Eleven subjects had tissue dissected with mature sperm found in eight. Of these eight patients where sperm were found, all were pubertal with testicular size of more than 10 mL and showing histological evidence of spermatogenesis. No histologic specimen demonstrated any malignant cells.ConclusionsTesticular tissue cryopreservation can be performed in young patients without delay, preferably prior to cancer treatment. As testicular tissue contains germ cells from which haploid spermatozoa are ultimately derived, future technologies may allow their utilization for fertility in humans. This may be the only hope for biological offspring in some patients undergoing fertility compromising treatment. Retrieval of mature sperm from some pubertal patients, however, offers realistic hope to these patients of future fertility.
Accomplishing irony: Socializing foster children into peer culture
Authors: van Nijnatten Carolus H.C.J. , Matarese Maureen T. , Noordegraaf Martine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParents indirectly influence their children's peer interactions by implicit socialization and directly by interference. They influence their (young) children's doings by supervising their contacts with friends, monitoring where they go, and facilitating their meetings with friends at home. Adolescents' growing orientation to peers is often at the cost of direct contact with their parents. Potentially, conversations with adolescent children become significant moments for parents to collect information about their children's social lives, preparing them for the challenges of their preadult social life. We studied conversations between in state‐created family homes amongst foster parents (FPs) and out‐of‐home‐placed adolescents, to see how FPs prepare foster adolescents to deal with the dynamics of peer culture, specifically in mocking practices. We are interested in the pedagogical role of FPs in these practices. We find that peer culture behavior is expressed in the context of family homes. Rather than preparing adolescents for peer culture indirectly by discussing possible, or hypothetical, situations, FPs react directly to peer culture expressions at the dinner table. In their approach, FPs demonstrate that peer culture membership is not just an interactional competence but also a teachable issue.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates in nail cosmetic products in users and nail technicians – a 5‐year study
Authors: Raposo Inês , Lobo Inês , Amaro Cristina , Lobo Maria de Lurdes , Melo Helena , Parente Joana , Pereira Teresa , Rocha Joana , Cunha Ana P. , Baptista Armando , Serrano Pedro , Correia Teresa , Travassos Ana R. , Dias Margarida , Pereira Fátima , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe increasing use of long‐lasting nail aesthetic products has led to a growing number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by (meth)acrylates in recent years.ObjectivesTo provide information on ACD caused by (meth)acrylates related to nail cosmetic products.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed files of patients with ACD caused by (meth)acrylates related to nail cosmetic products, who were patch tested between January 2011 and December 2015 in 13 departments of dermatology in Portugal.ResultsTwo‐hundred and thirty cases of ACD caused by (meth)acrylates (55 technicians, 56 consumers, and 119 with mixed exposure) had been documented, mostly as chronic hand eczema (93%). The most common sensitizers were: 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which was positive in 90% of the tested patients, 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), which was positive in 64.1%, and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, which was positive in 54.5%.ConclusionHEMA and HPMA were the most frequent positive allergens. HEMA, which identified 90% of cases, can be considered to be a good screening allergen. The high number of cases of ACD caused by (meth)acrylates in nail cosmetic products certainly warrants better preventive measures at the occupational level, and specific regulation in the field of consumer safety.
The PTPN13 Y2081D (T>G) (rs989902) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of sporadic colorectal cancer
Authors: Laczmanska I. , Karpinski P. , Gil J. , Laczmanski L. , Makowska I. , Bebenek M. , Ramsey D. , Sasiadek M. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and, although the majority of cases are sporadic, its development and progression depends on a range of factors: environmental, genetic and epigenetic. A variety of genetic pathways have been described as being crucial in CRC, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPN13 (also called FAP‐1) is a non‐receptor PTP and interacts with a number of important components of growth and apoptosis pathways. It is also involved in the inhibition of Fas‐induced apoptosis.MethodThe single nucleotide polymorphism genotype at Y2081D (T>G) (rs989902) of PTPN13 exon 39 was determined in DNA extracted from blood samples from 174 sporadic CRC patients and 176 healthy individuals. Also, a meta‐analysis was performed based on three articles accessed via the PubMed and ResearchGate databases.ResultsThe risk of CRC was 2.087 times greater for patients with the GG genotype than for those with the TT genotype (P = 0.0475). In the meta‐analysis, a significantly increased risk of cancer associated with the G allele was observed in the squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck subgroup (TT vs GG+GT, OR 1.23, 95% CI [1.02, 1.47], P = 0.0258), and a significantly decreased risk in the breast cancer subgroup (TT vs GG+GT, OR 0.63, 95% CI [0.41, 0.96], P = 0.0334) and in the CRC subgroup (GT+TT vs GG, OR 0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.95], P = 0.0333).ConclusionPTPN13 rs989902 is significantly associated with the risk of CRC in the Polish population. Given that this report provides the first evidence of an association of PTPN13 rs989902 with the risk of CRC in a Caucasian population, further large scale studies are necessary to confirm this finding.
Distinctiveness Benefits Novelty (and Not Familiarity), but Only Up to a Limit: The Prior Knowledge Perspective
Authors: Reggev Niv , Sharoni Reut , Maril Anat 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNovelty is a pivotal player in cognition, and its contribution to superior memory performance is a widely accepted convention. On the other hand, mnemonic advantages for familiar information are also well documented. Here, we examine the role of experimental distinctiveness as a potential explanation for these apparently conflicting findings. Across two experiments, we demonstrate that conceptual novelty, an unfamiliar combination of familiar constituents, is sensitive to its experimental proportions: Improved memory for novelty was observed when novel stimuli were relatively rare. Memory levels for familiar items, in contrast, were completely unaffected by experimental proportions, highlighting their insensitivity to list‐based distinctiveness. Finally, no mnemonic advantage for conceptual novelty over familiarity was observed even when novel stimuli were extremely rare at study. Together, these results imply that novel and familiar items are processed via partially distinct mechanisms, with (at least some facets of) novelty not providing a mnemonic advantage over familiarity.
Kidney outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease receiving an orthotopic liver transplant alone
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Ahmadzadeh Shahab , Shokouh‐Amiri Hosein , Qazi Yasir A. , Sequeira Adrian , Samant Hrishikesh , McMillan Robert , Zibari Gazi B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractKidney transplant in patients with liver cirrhosis and nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. We report 14 liver cirrhotic patients who had persistently low MDRD‐6 estimated glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR) <40 mL/min/1.73 m2 for ≥3 months and underwent either liver transplant alone (LTA; n=9) or simultaneous liver‐kidney transplant (SLKT; n=5). Pretransplant, patients with LTA compared with SLKT had lower serum creatinine (2.5±0.73 vs 4.6±0.52 mg/dL, P=.001), higher MDRD‐6 e‐GFR (21.0±7.2 vs 10.3±2.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, P=.002), higher 24‐hour urine creatinine clearance (34.2±8.8 vs 18.0±2.2 mL/min, P=.002), lower proteinuria (133.2±117.7 vs 663±268.2 mg/24 h, P=.0002), and relatively normal kidney biopsy and ultrasound findings. Post‐LTA, the e‐GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) increased in all nine patients, with mean e‐GFR at 1 month (49.8±8.4), 3 months (49.6±8.7), 6 months (49.8±8.1), 12 months (47.6±9.2), 24 months (47.9±9.1), and 36 months (45.1±7.3) significantly higher compared to pre‐LTA e‐GFR (P≤.005 at all time points). One patient developed end‐stage renal disease 9 years post‐LTA and another patient expired 7 years post‐LTA. The low e‐GFR alone in the absence of other markers or risk factors of CKD should not be an absolute criterion for SLKT in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Comparison of a New Intranasal Naloxone Formulation to Intramuscular Naloxone: Results from Hypothesis‐generating Small Clinical Studies
Authors: Gufford BT , Ainslie GR , White JR , Layton ME , Padowski JM , Pollack GM , Paine MF 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEasy‐to‐use naloxone formulations are needed to help address the opioid overdose epidemic. The pharmacokinetics of i.v., i.m., and a new i.n. naloxone formulation (2 mg) were compared in six healthy volunteers. Relative to i.m. naloxone, geometric mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) absolute bioavailability of i.n. naloxone was modestly lower (55%; 90% CI, 43–70% vs. 41%; 90% CI, 27–62%), whereas average (±SE) mean absorption time was substantially shorter (74 ± 8.8 vs. 6.7 ± 4.9 min). The opioid‐attenuating effects of i.n. naloxone were compared with i.m. naloxone (2 mg) after administration of oral alfentanil (4 mg) to a separate group of six healthy volunteers pretreated with 240 mL of water or grapefruit juice. The i.m. and i.n. naloxone attenuated miosis by similar extents after water (40 ± 15 vs. 41 ± 21 h*%) and grapefruit juice (49 ± 18 vs. 50 ± 22 h*%) pretreatment. Results merit further testing of this new naloxone formulation.
Association of traumatic head injuries and maxillofacial fractures: A retrospective study
Authors: Abosadegh Maher M. , Rahman Shaifulizan Ab. , Saddki Norkhafizah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/AimsThe association of traumatic head injury (THI) with maxillofacial fractures (MFF) is a major health concern worldwide. In spite of the close anatomical proximity of maxillofacial bones to the cranium, the association of THI with MFF is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between THI and MFF. Other factors associated with THI in patients with MFF were also investigated.Materials and MethodsA hospital‐based retrospective study was conducted at the OMFS Unit, Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysia. From 12 June 2013 to 31 December 2015, 473 patient records with MFF were reviewed to evaluate the association of THI and MFF.ResultsA total of 331 patients (69.98%) presented with concomitant THI. The most common associated THI were cranial bone fractures (68.6%) followed by intracranial injuries and concussion. A significant association existed between the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and the presence of THI concomitant MFF with P‐value <.001. The univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age group (31‐40 years), cause of injury (road traffic accident—RTA), all midface fracture types and most of the mandibular fracture types were statistically associated with the presence of THI. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the cause of the injury (RTA) and MFF types (nasal bone, zygomatic complex, zygomatic arch, orbital wall, maxillary sinus wall and the alveolar process of mandible fractures) were statistically significantly associated with THI in patients with MFF.ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of THI among patients with MFF (69.98%). RTA, nasal bone, zygomatic complex, zygomatic arch, orbital wall, maxillary sinus wall and mandibular alveolar process fractures were significantly associated with THI in patients who sustained a MFF.
Global fishery dynamics are poorly predicted by classical models
Authors: Szuwalski Cody S , Thorson James T 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFisheries dynamics can be thought of as the reciprocal relationship between an exploited population and the fishers and/or managers determining the exploitation patterns. Sustainable production of protein of these coupled human‐natural systems requires an understanding of their dynamics. Here, we characterized the fishery dynamics for 173 fisheries from around the globe by applying general additive models to estimated fishing mortality and spawning biomass from the RAM Legacy Database. GAMs specified to mimic production models and more flexible GAMs were applied. We show observed dynamics do not always match assumptions made in management using “classical” fisheries models, and the suitability of these assumptions varies significantly according to large marine ecosystem, habitat, variability in recruitment, maximum weight of a species and minimum observed stock biomass. These results identify circumstances in which simple models may be useful for management. However, adding flexibility to classical models often did not substantially improve performance, which suggests in many cases considering only biomass and removals will not be sufficient to model fishery dynamics. Knowledge of the suitability of common assumptions in management should be used in selecting modelling frameworks, setting management targets, testing management strategies and developing tools to manage data‐limited fisheries. Effectively balancing expectations of future protein production from capture fisheries and risk of undesirable outcomes (e.g., “fisheries collapse”) depends on understanding how well we can expect to predict future dynamics of a fishery using current management paradigms.
Preferences for prenatal diagnosis of sickle‐cell disorder: A discrete choice experiment comparing potential service users and health‐care providers
Authors: Hill Melissa , Oteng‐Ntim Eugene , Forya Frida , Petrou Mary , Morris Stephen , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for sickle‐cell disorder (SCD) is moving closer to implementation and studies considering stakeholder preferences are required to underpin strategies for offering NIPD in clinical practice.ObjectiveDetermine service user and provider preferences for key attributes of prenatal diagnostic tests for SCD and examine views on NIPD.MethodA questionnaire that includes a discrete choice experiment was used to determine the preferences of service users and providers for prenatal tests that varied across three attributes: accuracy, time of test and risk of miscarriage.ResultsAdults who were carriers of SCD or affected with the condition (N=67) were recruited from haemoglobinopathy clinics at two maternity units. Health professionals, predominately midwives, who offer antenatal care (N=62) were recruited from one maternity unit. No miscarriage risk was a key driver of decision making for both service users and providers. Service providers placed greater emphasis on accuracy than service users. Current uptake of invasive tests was 63%, whilst predicted uptake of NIPD was 93.8%. Many service users (55.4%) and providers (52.5%) think pressure to have prenatal testing will increase when NIPD for SCD becomes available.ConclusionsThere are clear differences between service users and health professionals’ preferences for prenatal tests for sickle‐cell disorder. The safety of NIPD is welcomed by parents and uptake is likely to be high. To promote informed choice, pretest counselling should be balanced and not exclusively focused on test safety. Counselling strategies that are sensitive to feelings of pressure to test will be essential.
Anti‐slavery in Australia: Picturing the 1838 Myall Creek Massacre
Authors: Lydon Jane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring the 1830s, white settlers in the Australian colonies sought to consolidate their possession of Aboriginal land, prompting tension between colonists and Aboriginal people, and between settlers and British humanitarian interests. In this essay, I examine competing representations of frontier clashes, and particularly the 1838 Myall Creek massacre, and their links to larger imperial debates. At the height of their influence, British humanitarians drew upon the discursive strategies of the antislavery movement in seeking to mobilize concern for Indigenous Australians. In a context where Aboriginal people were stereotyped as primitive and non‐human, counter‐images and strategies drawn from antislavery discourse might constitute them as objects of white compassion. Focusing blame upon the convict perpetrators allowed elite humanitarians to displace responsibility from the system of colonization itself.