bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronal mass ejections are not coherent magnetohydrodynamic structures
Authors: Owens M. J. , Lockwood M. , Barnard L. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) are episodic eruptions of solar plasma and magnetic flux that travel out through the solar system, driving extreme space weather. Interpretation of CME observations and their interaction with the solar wind typically assumes CMEs are coherent, almost solid-like objects. We show that supersonic radial propagation of CMEs away from the Sun results in geometric expansion of CME plasma parcels at a speed faster than the local wave speed. Thus information cannot propagate across the CME. Comparing our results with observed properties of over 400 CMEs, we show that CMEs cease to be coherent magnetohydrodynamic structures within 0.3 AU of the Sun. This suggests Earth-directed CMEs are less like billiard balls and more like dust clouds, with apparent coherence only due to similar initial conditions and quasi homogeneity of the medium through which they travel. The incoherence of CMEs suggests interpretation of CME observations requires accurate reconstruction of the ambient solar wind with which they interact, and that simple assumptions about the shape of the CMEs are likely to be invalid when significant spatial/temporal gradients in ambient solar wind conditions are present.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
Authors: Shao Zhi-Gang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe complexity of the climate of the past 122;000 years and recent 2000 years was investigated by analyzing the δ18O records of ice cores based on the sample entropy (SampEn) method and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity. In using SampEn method, the climate complexity is measured by the sample entropy, which is a modified approximate entropy defined in terms of the occurring probability of new modes in a record. A larger sample entropy reflects a higher probability to spot a new mode in the data, and in this sense signals a larger complexity of the sample. The δ18O record of the past 122,000-year is found to have smaller SampEn than the recent 2000-year. This result suggests that the climate of the past 122;000-year has less complexity than that of the recent 2000 years, even though the record for the former exhibits stronger fluctuations and multifractality than the latter. This diagnosis is additionally supported by calculations of LZ complexity, which has smaller value for the record of the past 122;000 years than the recent 2000 years. Our theoretical findings may further contribute to ongoing explorations into the nonlinear statistical character of the climate change.
Differentiating Thamnocalamus Munro from Fargesia Franchet emend. Yi (Bambusoideae, Poaceae): novel evidence from morphological and neural-network analyses
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Yang Rongjie , Yang Jun , Yi Tongpei , Song Huixing , Jiang Mingyan , Tripathi Durgesh K. , Ma Mingdong , Chen Qibing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFargesia Franchet emend. Yi is closely allied with Thamnocalamus Munro but differs in many major morphological characteristics. Based on traditional morphological characters, it is difficult to differentiate these two genera. The current study measured 19 species in these two genera to determine whether variations in 12 categories of major characters are continuous. In addition, a self-organizing map (SOM) and cluster analysis were used together to reveal whether the known species of Fargesia represent discontinuous sampling of Thamnocalamus. The results show that 46 morphological characteristics exhibited high variation at the generic and species levels. In addition, the cluster analysis showed that 32 morphological characteristics of Thamnocalamus and Fargesia were divided between two species and well separated from the outgroup. Additionally, significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed in the reproductive structures between these two genera. The unrooted dendrogram, which was based on the SOM neural network, shows the same results as the cluster analysis of morphological characteristics. These data indicate that Fargesia is not a result of discontinuous sampling of Thamnocalamus; thus, Fargesia should not be treated as a synonym for Thamnocalamus.
Phonological Working Memory for Words and Nonwords in Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Perrachione Tyler K. , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Ostrovskaya Irina , Gabrieli John D. E. , Kovelman Ioulia 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The primary purpose of this study was to identify the brain bases of phonological working memory (the short-term maintenance of speech sounds) using behavioral tasks analogous to clinically sensitive assessments of nonword repetition. The secondary purpose of the study was to identify how individual differences in brain activation were related to participants' nonword repetition abilities.

Method

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neurophysiological response during a nonword discrimination task derived from standard clinical assessments of phonological working memory. Healthy adult control participants (
N
= 16) discriminated pairs of real words or nonwords under varying phonological working memory load, which we manipulated by parametrically varying the number of syllables in target (non)words. Participants' cognitive and phonological abilities were also measured using standardized assessments.

Results
Neurophysiological responses in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area increased with greater phonological working memory load. Activation in left superior temporal gyrus during nonword discrimination correlated with participants' performance on standard clinical nonword repetition tests.

Conclusion
These results suggest that phonological working memory is related to the function of cortical structures that canonically underlie speech perception and production.
Bone Tunnel Enlargement after ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Autograft Is Dependent on Original Bone Tunnel Diameter
Authors: Sauer Steffen , Lind Martin 
Published: June 2017

Background Bone tunnel enlargement is a well-established phenomenon following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and is related to soft tissue grafts, suspension fixation devices, and absorbable implants. Severe tunnel enlargement can lead to reconstruction failure. The correlation between bone tunnel enlargement following ACL reconstruction and original bone tunnel diameter has not been elucidated.
Purpose To determine whether bone tunnel enlargement after ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft is dependent on original tunnel diameter established during primary ACL reconstruction.
Materials and Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 56 patients scheduled for ACL revision surgery who had undergone computed tomography (CT) scanning as part of their preoperative evaluation. All patients had undergone previous hamstring ACL reconstruction. Original femoral and tibial bone tunnel diameters were extracted from operative reports, and femoral and tibial bone tunnel enlargement was assessed on CT serial sections. The correlation between original tunnel diameter and bone tunnel enlargement was investigated using regression analysis.
Results Mean tibial bone tunnel enlargement was significantly and inversely dependent on the original tibial bone tunnel diameter with a correlation coefficient of −0.55 per unit (7 mm = +1.93 mm, 8 mm = +1.43 mm, 9 mm = 0.83 mm, p = 0.007). Thus, every additional increase (mm) in diameter of the original tibial bone tunnel reduces the extend of tunnel widening by 0.55 mm.
Conclusions The results of this study indicate that tibial bone tunnel enlargement following ACL reconstruction is dependent on original tibial bone tunnel diameter with smaller diameter tunnels developing more tunnel enlargement than larger tunnels. The contributing factors remain unclear and need to be further investigated.
Expanding Phenotype of De Novo Mutations in GNAO1: Four New Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Dietel Tobias , Evers Christina , Hinderhofer Katrin , Korinthenberg Rudolf , Ezzo Daniel , Bönnemann Carsten , Kirschner Janbernd , Schorling David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMutations in GNAO1 (guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-activating activity polypeptide O) were recently identified as being causative for early epileptic encephalopathy. Since then approximately 27 patients with severe developmental delay and different neurological phenotypes for epilepsy and involuntary movement disorder have been reported. We report four additional patients with mutations in GNAO1 including a report of siblings of different sex harboring the same de novo mutation (c.736G > A, p.Glu246Lys) but showing differences in phenotype with pronounced dystonia in the boy and epilepsy in his sister. Another de novo mutation in GNAO1 (c.607G > A, p.Gly203Arg) was identified in two unrelated girls with severe epilepsy. Both girls later also developed severe dystonia with severe nonepileptic spasms. An extensive review of published cases revealed that epilepsy was reported in only one male patient so far. Thus it appears possible that epilepsy is a sex-dependent phenotypic feature of GNAO1-related diseases.
Use of Magill Forceps to Remove Foreign Bodies in Children
Authors: Oncel Murat , Sunam Guven , Elsurer Cagdas , Yildiran Huseyin 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Esophageal foreign body (FB) in all age groups can cause serious morbidity or mortality. The study aims to report our experience retrieving FBs from the upper esophagus in children using Magill forceps.
Materials and Methods In this study, 88 patients (45 males [51.1%] and 43 females [48.9%]) were presented with suspected FB ingestion. FB ingestion was determined via endoscopic analysis, or lateral and posterior–anterior radiographies, including oropharynx, neck, chest, and abdomen. Cases were classified into seven groups, according to history, diagnostic method, and postintervention findings, as follows: (1) coins, (2) toys, (3) metals, (4) bones, (5) battery, (6) glass, and (7) food. A laryngoscope was used to elevate the larynx and expose the esophageal entrance. Magill forceps were advanced into the esophagus and opened to observe and extract the FB.
Results All 88 patients who underwent endoscopic examination due to suspected FB ingestion were confirmed to have ingested a FB. Median age was 12 years; 15 patients were aged < 5 years; 63 (71.5%) were diagnosed based on routine radiographic findings, and others were diagnosed based on physical findings and history. The most common type of FB was coins (n = 51 [57.9%]). Mean surgical duration was 20 minutes.
Conclusion FBs located at cervical esophageal level are usually the most difficult to remove. Magill forceps should be used before other methods.
Präzise Befundung mit der OCT-Angiografie – Artefakte erkennen und ausschließen
Authors: Lang Gabriele , Enders Christian , Loidl Max , Lang Gerhard , Werner Jens 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die optische Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie (OCTA) ermöglicht nicht invasiv eine hochaufgelöste und tiefenselektive Visualisierung des Mikrogefäßsystems von Netzhaut und Aderhaut. Allerdings können auch Bildartefakte auftreten, die eine Befundung erschweren. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, im Zusammenhang mit OCTA-Aufnahmen auftretende Artefakte zu beschreiben und eine Nomenklatur vorzustellen.
Methoden Es wurden OCTA-Untersuchungen mit der AngioPlex™-OCTA-Technologie sowie auch mit dem Plex Elite 9000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, USA) in Kombination mit dem CIRRUS HD-OCT 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, USA) durchgeführt. Beispielhaft werden typische, in den OCTA-Aufnahmen auftretende Artefakte beschrieben und deren Ursachen erläutert.
Ergebnisse Es können 3 Gruppen von Artefakten unterschieden werden: (a) systemimmanente Artefakte, die unabhängig vom eingesetzten Gerätetyp auftreten (Projektions- und Abschattungsartefakte, Fenstereffekte und der Verlust des Scanfokus); (b) Artefakte, die durch Algorithmen zur Datenverarbeitung und Bildprozessierung hervorgerufen werden und deren Häufigkeit bzw. Ausprägung vom eingesetzten Gerätetyp abhängt und variieren kann (Segmentierungsartefakte, Duplikationen von Gefäßen); (c) Bewegungsartefakte, die je nach eingesetztem Gerätetyp in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit und Ausprägung auftreten, da je nach Gerät unterschiedliche Methoden (z. B. leistungsfähiger Eye-Tracker) eingesetzt werden, um diese zu reduzieren. Das Auftreten von Artefakten ist außerdem auch abhängig von der Kooperation der Patienten, der Klarheit der optischen Medien und der Pathologie der Netzhaut.
Schlussfolgerung Bei der OCTA treten wie bei jedem anderen bildgebenden Verfahren auch Artefakte auf. Dennoch lassen sich die OCTA-Aufnahmen qualitativ fast immer gut auswerten und liefern unverzichtbare Erkenntnisse zu Morphologie und Perfusionsstatus von Aderhaut und Netzhaut. Bei guter Kenntnis möglicher Artefakte und entsprechender kritischer Datenanalyse ist eine korrekte Bewertung der OCTA-Aufnahmen möglich, um eine korrekte klinische Diagnose zu stellen.
Multi-Dimensional Analysis, text constellations, and interdisciplinary discourse
Authors: Thompson Paul , Hunston Susan , Murakami Akira , Vajn Dominik 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Multi-Dimensional Analysis (MDA) has been widely used to explore register variation. This paper reports on a project using MDA to explore the features of an interdisciplinary academic domain. Six dimensions of variation are identified in a corpus of 11,000 journal articles in environmental studies. We then focus on articles in one interdisciplinary journal, Global Environmental Change (GEC). It is expected that these articles will diverge sufficiently to produce differences that are analogous to register differences. Instead of identifying these “registers” on external criteria, we use the dimensional profiles of individual texts to identify ‘constellations’ of texts sharing combinations of features. Six such constellations are derived, consisting of texts with commonalities in their approaches to research: the development of predictive models; quantitative research; discussions of theory and policy; and human-environment studies focusing on individual voices. The identification of these constellations could not have been achieved through an a priori categorisation of texts.
Lexical bundles in spoken academic ELF
Authors: Wang Ying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis corpus-based study explored the effects of two factors – genre (i.e. speech event type) and disciplinary variation – on spoken academic ELF, from the perspective of lexical bundles (i.e. recurrent word combinations). The material was drawn from a corpus of transcribed spoken academic lingua franca English (ELFA). The investigation involved a quantitative analysis of the use of four-word bundles, in terms of frequency, form, and function, across a range of genres (academic lectures and seminars) and disciplines (Medicine, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences). A qualitative analysis was also carried out to give an in-depth account of functional variations associated with one particular lexical bundleI don’t know if. The results demonstrated that genre and discipline are two important factors that cannot be ignored in understanding academic ELF communication and idiomaticity, and lexical bundles provide useful glimpses on genre and disciplinary variation that are worth following up.
Commercial fisheries interactions with oil and gas pipelines in the North Sea: considerations for decommissioning
Authors: Rouse Sally , Kafas Andronikos , Catarino Rui , Peter Hayes 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Commercial fisheries and oil and gas extraction are both spatially extensive industries in the North Sea (NS), and inevitably there is physical interaction where the two activities coincide. Regular contact between fishing gear and pipelines may risk pipeline integrity and could lead to gear snagging. It is also known, anecdotally, that some vessels target pipelines, potentially benefiting from local artificial reef effects. The impacts of pipeline decommissioning options (removal vs. in situ) on commercial fisheries must be evaluated as part of the consenting process, but the degree of interaction between the two is presently unknown in the NS. Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data for the Scottish demersal fleet were analysed with spatial data on pipelines. Approximately one-third (36.1%) of trips fished within 200 m of a pipeline over a 5-year period, suggesting that pipelines are subjected to regular interaction with fishing gear. The fishing effort (in hours) associated with pipelines was 2.52% of the total effort, compared to 1.33% in an equivalent area of seabed 1 km away, implying modest aggregation of fishing around pipelines. Only a small percentage (0.93%) of fishing trips actively targeted pipelines as fishing grounds. The highest level of fishing around pipelines occurred in the northeast NS. Pipeline sections with &gt;100 h of fishing were typically larger diameter pipelines. The results suggest that pipeline decommissioning may have both negative (displacement of aggregated effort) and positive (reduced snagging potential) outcomes for commercial fisheries. It is recommended that where there is little or no fishing activity associated with pipelines, receptors other than fishing should be prioritized when selecting decommissioning strategies. Additionally, the intensity of fishing around pipelines should be used to inform the frequency of post-decommissioning integrity monitoring for any pipelines left in situ.
Imprints of the super-Eddington accretion on the quasar clustering
Authors: Oogi Taira , Enoki Motohiro , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Makiya Ryu , Nagashima Masahiro , Okamoto Takashi , Shirakata Hikari 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Super-Eddington mass accretion has been suggested as an efficient mechanism to grow supermassive black holes. We investigate the imprint left by the radiative efficiency of the super-Eddington accretion process on the clustering of quasars using a new semi-analytic model of galaxy and quasar formation based on large-volume cosmological N-body simulations. Our model includes a simple model for the radiative efficiency of a quasar, which imitates the effect of photon trapping for a high mass accretion rate. We find that the model of radiative efficiency affects the relation between the quasar luminosity and the quasar host halo mass. The quasar host halo mass has only weak dependence on quasar luminosity when there is no upper limit for quasar luminosity. On the other hand, it has significant dependence on quasar luminosity when the quasar luminosity is limited by its Eddington luminosity. In the latter case, the quasar bias also depends on the quasar luminosity, and the quasar bias of bright quasars is in agreement with observations. Our results suggest that the quasar clustering studies can provide a constraint on the accretion disc model.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Peramivir Compared With Oseltamivir in High-Risk Patients Infected With Influenza A and B Viruses: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Nakamura Shigeki , Miyazaki Taiga , Izumikawa Koichi , Kakeya Hiroshi , Saisho Yutaka , Yanagihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Mukae Hiroshi , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Clinical studies comparing the different neuraminidase inhibitors for treatment of at-risk patients with influenza have not been performed. To optimize such treatments, we assessed the efficacy and safety of intravenous peramivir compared with oral oseltamivir in treating seasonal influenza A or B virus infection.

Methods
A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted from December 2012 to May 2014 in high-risk patients infected with seasonal influenza. A total of 92 adult inpatients and outpatients with high risk factors (HRFs) were treated by either a single intravenous infusion of peramivir (600 mg) or oral administration of oseltamivir (75 mg, twice per day for 5 days).

Results
The median times to clinical stability (time to reach &lt;37°C) were 40.0 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.3–64.5) and 37.8 hours (95% CI = 26.3–45.3) in the peramivir and oseltamivir groups, respectively; these values did not reveal a significant difference. The virus titer and change of mean total symptom scores decreased similarly with both treatments. Results of step-wise regression suggested that virus type was a significantly effective prognostic factor with respect to illness resolution. Adverse events (AEs) with peramivir and oseltamivir occurred in 2.2% (n = 1/46) and 13.0% (n = 6/46) of patients, respectively. The severity of AEs was mild in all cases except 2 patients who showed pneumonia or COPD aggravation; both were in the oseltamivir group.

Conclusions
Intravenous peramivir was effective based on the result of direct comparison with oral oseltamivir. Thus our data show that peramivir is a useful option for the treatment of influenza-infected patients with HRFs.
The value of DNA methylation profiling in characterizing preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Wilson Samantha L , Leavey Katherine , Cox Brian , Robinson Wendy P 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlacental health is a key component to healthy pregnancy. Placental insufficiency (PI), inadequate nutrient delivery to the fetus, is associated with preeclampsia (PE), a maternal hypertensive disorder, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), pathologically poor fetal growth. PI is more common in early-onset PE (EOPE) than late-onset PE (LOPE). However, the relationship between these disorders remains unclear. While DNA methylation (DNAm) alterations have been identified in PE and IUGR, these entities can overlap and few studies have analyzed these separately. This study aims to identify altered DNAm in EOPE, LOPE, and normotensive IUGR, validate these alterations, and use them to better understand the relationships between these related disorders.Placental samples from a discovery cohort (43 controls, 22 EOPE, 18 LOPE, 11 IUGR) and validation cohort (15 controls, 22 EOPE, 11 LOPE) were evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. To minimize gestational age (GA) effects, EOPE samples were compared to pre-term controls (GA <37 weeks), while LOPE and IUGR were compared to term controls (GA >37 weeks). There were 1703 differentially methylated (DM) sites (FDR<0.05, Δβ>0.1) in EOPE, 5 in LOPE, and 0 in IUGR. Of the 1703 EOPE sites, 599 were validated in the second cohort. These sites cluster samples from both cohorts into 3 distinct methylation clusters. Interestingly, LOPE samples diagnosed between 34-36 weeks with co-occurring IUGR clustered with the EOPE methylation cluster. DNAm profiling may provide an independent tool to refine clinical diagnoses into subgroups with more uniform pathology. The challenges in reproducing genome-wide DNAm studies are also discussed.