bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of diversity structure, dominance, and diameter of mangrove trees and mitigation of coastal abrasion at Darunu Village
Authors: Mandagi Conny M. , Lepar Winny , Timpal Tartius , Rompas Vonny , Talimpong Ando , Gumolili Youdi , Mait Nicolas Mait 
Published: October 2024

Mangrove forests are vital for protecting coastal abrasion. This study investigates the diversity, dominance, and diameter distribution of Darunu Village mangroves and their potential to reduce coastal abrasion. Transect sampling was used and conducted at 2 stations with 3 observation sites. Three mangrove genera were found in Darunu Village, Rhizophora with 803 trees or 1.72%, Sonneratia with 95 individuals or 0.92%, and Avicennia with 33 individuals or 0.07%. The Diversity Index (H') value at both stations was H’ = 0.27. or they were classified as a low category. According to those 3 mangrove genera at Darunu Village, the Rhizophora mangrove was dominant with a total of 1,881 individuals (D = 0,87). The diameter of all mangrove trees was ca. > 20 cm indicating potentially reduced wave energy. The suggestion needs to be special attention from the North Minahasa Government by providing mangrove cultivation and care for existing mangroves. The diversity of mangroves in Darunu Village was still low, can be overcome by planting other mangrove species that potentially the natural properties of mangroves in Darunu Village and other environmental factors. Field observations suggested the mangrove forest effectively mitigates coastal abrasion, This study underscores the importance of maintaining mangrove diversity for effective coastal protection.
Keywords: Mangrove, Diversity, Dominance, Diameter Distribution, Coastal Abrasion, Coastal Protection.
Abstrak
Hutan mangrove penting untuk perlindungan abrasi pantai. Penelitian ini meneliti keanekaragaman, dominasi, dan distribusi diameter mangrove di Desa Darunu, serta potensinya untuk mengurangi abrasi pantai. Transek sampling digunakan dan dilakukan di 2 stasiun dengan 3 lokasi observasi. Tiga genus mangrove ditemukan di Desa Darunu, yaitu Rhizophora sebanyak 803 pohon atau 1,72%, Sonneratia sebanyak 95 individu atau 0,92% dan Avicennia sebanyak 33 individu atau 0,07%. Nilai Diversity Index (H') di kedua stasiun adalah H' = 0,27. atau diklasifikasikan sebagai kategori rendah. Menurut 3 genus mangrove di Desa Darunu tersebut, mangrove Rhizophora mendominasi dengan jumlah 1.881 individu (D = 0,87). Diameter semua pohon mangrove sekitar > 20 cm terindikasi berpotensi mengurangi energi gelombang. Saran perlu mendapat perhatian khusus dari Pemerintah Minahasa Utara dengan menyediakan budidaya mangrove dan perawatan mangrove yang ada. Keanekaragaman mangrove di Desa Darunu masih rendah, dapat diatasi dengan penanaman spesies mangrove lain yang berpotensi menjadi sifat alami mangrove di Desa Darunu dan faktor lingkungan lainnya. Pengamatan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove secara efektif mengurangi abrasi pantai, Studi ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya menjaga keanekaragaman mangrove untuk perlindungan pantai yang efektif.
Kata kunci : Mangrove, Keanekaragaman, Dominance, Distribusi diameter, Abrasi Pantai, Perlindungan pantai.
A representative national indoor radon survey in Germany
Authors: Kemski Joachim , Gruber Valeria , Baumann Sebastian , Alber Oliver 
Published: October 2024

Background: Radon is a carcinogenic indoor pollutant, which can cause lung cancer. Therefore, radon protection was included in national legislations and radon protection activities are carried out in Europe.
Objective: In Germany a nationwide survey to measure levels of indoor radon concentration in residential buildings was conducted.
Design: The survey was designed to represent the population. The measurements were taken for 6,000 households all over Germany for 12 months, with two measurements in each household with track etch detectors. The distribution follows administrative units (401 districts). In a first step, participants were acquired through a nationwide mailing with randomly chosen addresses. In a second step, more participants were brought in by specific advertising campaigns in local media.
Results: Results of approx. 6,500 households (= approx. 13,000 individual readings) were included in the study. The intention of a population-representative survey could not fully be accomplished, but the areal distribution of the participating households corresponded satisfactorily to the intended district-based distribution. The radon concentrations follow a log-normal distribution. The Germany-wide median is 44 Bq/m3, the geometric mean 49 Bq/m3, and the arithmetic mean is higher at 77 Bq/m3.
Discussion: The German reference level of 300 Bq/m3 is exceeded in about 3.5% of all measurements. Higher values, mainly due to geology, occur in the eastern and southern part of Germany. Known dependencies on building characteristics are confirmed, such as increased values in older buildings or on lower floors.
Conclusions: This survey can serve as a profound data basis for following radon studies in Germany and for an estimation of exposure of the population due to radon.
The impact of corona pandemic on critical care medicine
Authors: Mansoor Faraz 
Published: October 2024

A pandemic is defined as an epidemic of an infectious etiology that crosses the international boundaries and infects a large number of people. This has happened several times in the human history; influenza, smallpox, bubonic plaque and cholera being some of the examples. Smallpox alone has resulted in death of 300—500 million people. As a frontline healthcare professional fighting against the COVID–19 pandemic, the author has experienced its socio–economic and psychological consequences. In addition, critical care units faced ethical challenges to meet with the bed requirement. Dedicated and modified COVID–19 critical care services were started in both the public and private sectors. Because of high workload and lack of trained medical and nursing staff, extra staff ha to be recruited on temporary basis. Some commonly performed procedures were modified to decrease the risk of infection spread. ICUs faced shortage of personal protective equipment and ventilators. Training programs were developed to help improve the understanding of novel COVID–19 infection. ICU staff was probably at lower risk of acquiring this infection as compared to other hospital staff.
Key words: COVID–19, Implications, Critical Care Medicine
Citation: Mansoor F. The impact of corona pandemic on critical care medicine. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(4):420-423. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i4.1561
Received: June 4, 2021, Reviewed & Accepted: July 8, 2021
Effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency in chronic lumbosacral radicular pain
Authors: Mohammed Jezaer Nadhim , Jubara Mortada Abd Al-Hussian 
Published: October 2024

Background: Lumbosacral radicular pain is one of the most common clinical features which accounts for more than 10% of the hospital visits annually. Multiple treatment strategies have been in use to manage it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in treating pain and physical disturbances in chronic lumbosacral radicular pain.
Methodology: Forty patients, suffering from lumbosacral neuropathic pain were treated by PRF at the corresponding level (ranging from L3 to S1). Outcome measures included the pain intensity score on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS) at pretreatment, after two months and six months post-treatment.
Results: A significant reduction in pain scores was observed in mean NRS at two and six month duration (p < 0.001). The NRS after treatment with PRF was significantly reduced compared to that before PRF treatment (3.28 vs. 8.38 and 4.25 vs. 8.38 respectively) after two and six months.
Conclusion: The PRF is effective in the treatment of chronic lumbosacral radicular pain of neuropathic features.
Key words: Pulsed radiofrequency; Chronic lumbosacral pain; Radicular pain; Numeric pain score
Citation: Mohammed N, Jubara MAA. Effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency in chronic lumbosacral radicular pain. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(4):464–469. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i4.1566
A retrospective cohort study of the risk factors and outcomes of antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit
Authors: Mustapha Mohd Tarmimi , Wan Hassan Wan Mohd Nazaruddin , Mokhtar Ariffin Marzuki , Shukeri Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd , Mazlan Mohd Zulfakar 
Published: October 2024

Background: Antibiotic resistance remains a major problem in the intensive care units (ICU). Various risk factors have been documented by various researchers. Similarly some factors have been identified to influence the outcome after the antibiotic resistance has been developed in the patients. This retrospective study aimed to identify and document the risk factors and outcomes in ICU of our hospital.
Methodology: This retrospective, single-centre cohort study, involved 440 patients, treated in the ICU during January 2017 to December 2019. The medical records of the enrolled patients were reviewed to identify the risk factors and outcomes of antibiotic resistance. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 (SPSS Inc., USA). Statistical tests used included chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test and simple or multiple logistic regression tests as per requirement.
Results: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 22.3%. The odds for antibiotic resistance were increased 2.90 times with medical admission [Odds ratio (OR) 2.897; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.560, 5.379; p = 0.01] and 3.42 times with carbapenem usage (OR 3.418; 95% CI 1.790, 6.526; p < 0.001). The odds were 73.2% lower with nitroimidazole usage (β = -1.318, OR 0.268; 95% CI 0.131, 0.546; p < 0.001) and 62.2% lower with macrolide usage (β = -0.973, OR 0.378; 95% CI 0.150, 0.950; p = 0.039). Each day of antibiotic usage increased the odds of antibiotic resistance by 1.07 times (OR 1.072; 95% CI 1.037, 1.111; p < 0.001), and each additional antibiotic prescribed increased the odds of antibiotic resistance by 1.72 times (OR 1.717; 95% CI 1.218, 2.423; p = 0.02). The antibiotic resistance mortality rate was 68.4%.
Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance increased the mortality rate in the ICU, and the risk factors increased with medical-related admission, carbapenem usage, longer antibiotics duration and more antibiotic usage.
Key words: Antibiotic; Resistance; Intensive care unit; Risk factors; Mortality
Abbreviations: ARO – antibiotic–resistant organisms; MRSA – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; ESBL – extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; MDR – multidrug-resistant; GNR – Gram-negative rod; MDR GNR – Multi-drug Resistant Gram-Negative Rods; VRE – Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus; CRE – Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae; BSI – bloodstream infections
Citation: Mustapha MT, Hassan WMNW, Mokhtar AM, Shukeri WFWM, Mazlan MZ. A retrospective cohort study on the risk factors and outcomes of antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(4):428–435. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i4.1572
Received: June 6, 2021, Reviewed: June 22, 2021, Accepted: June 25, 2021
A narrative review of mental health landscape of survivors, healthcare workers, and general public in the Post-COVID world
Authors: Majeed Amer , Afzal Saad , Amer Momina 
Published: October 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV–2), is still unravelling, and is expected to last for an indefinite time. The historical experience with similar pandemics in the past, and the nature of the viral illnesses as such, explains that not only the mental illnesses worsen in the existing patients during pandemics the new diagnoses increase as well and outlive the pandemic itself. This not only has profound effect on the wellbeing of the survivors of pandemics, the healthcare workers, and the general public alike, the financial implications and restructuring of the social fabric cannot be over stated. There is an urgent need to identify these risks and start planning to devise and implement strategies for effective mental health damage prevention and control.
Key words: COVID–19; Pandemic; Anxiety; Depression; Mental health; Healthcare workers; Post–traumatic stress; Psychological distress, Artificial intelligence, Emotional intelligence, Substance abuse, Self–harm.
Citation: Majeed A, Afzal S, Amer M. A narrative review of mental health landscape of survivors, healthcare workers, and general public in the post–COVID19 world. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(4):513–518.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i4.1583
Received: July 10, 2021, Reviewed: July 15, 2021, Accepted: July 20, 2021
Anesthetic management of a patient with known Dubin Johnson Syndrome – a case report
Authors: John Ajinu Achi , Shibli Khalil Ullah , Soliman Mohamed Hasan , Elboursaly Ibrahim , Ramanathan Lakshmi 
Published: October 2024

This is a case report of the anesthetic management of a 20-year-old woman, a known case of Dubin Johnson syndrome (DJS). The patient underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy under general anesthesia. Aside from elevated serum bilirubin levels, other routine laboratory tests were normal.
As it is a rare and uncommon disease, the anesthetic management was considered a challenge. Liver being the organ affected, the drugs, which increases bilirubin, were to be avoided. Selection of drugs to provide analgesia, anesthesia and to reduce perioperative stress was a priority and to prevent the rise in bilirubin levels.
Key words: Dubin Johnson syndrome; Anesthesia management; Liver enzymes
Citation: John AA, Shibli KU, Soliman MH, Elboursaly I, Ramanathan L. Anesthetic management of a patient with known Dubin Johnson Syndrome – a case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(5):676–679;
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i5.1636
Received: April 25, 2021; Reviewed: May 6, 2021; Accepted: June 11, 2021
Ophthalmological disorders after spinal anesthesia
Authors: Kholod Dmytro A. , Shkurupii Dmytro A. 
Published: October 2024

Background & Objective: Spinal anesthesia (SA) administered for non–ophthalmic operative surgeries has been associated with ophthalmological disorders in up to 0.2% cases. However, the incidence of medical lawsuits related to these issues amounts to 2–3%, which suggests a probable higher frequency of such violations.
This study was conducted to find the nature of ophthalmological disorders during SA and risk factors for their development during non–ophthalmic surgical interventions.
Methodology: A prospective cohort non–intervention study was carried out in 150 adult patients undergone non–ophthalmic surgical interventions under SA for analysis of state of the visual organs during SA.
Results: Ophthalmological disorders after SA were recorded in 6.7% of the patients. These disorders were of a transient nature and were no threat to the development of life–threatening dysfunctions or persistent disablement. They were directly related to the level of systemic arterial pressure. A correlation analysis demonstrated the presence of relation between the reduction in ophthalmotonus and perfusion pressure of the eyes and the administration of 0.5% bupivacaine (R = 0.7, p = 0.01).
Conclusion: The results of our study prove that the individuals with prior visual organ disorders are expected to have a relatively high incidence of ophthalmological complications after spinal anesthesia, requiring the individualization of anesthesia regimes.
Key words: Visual organs; Anesthesia, spinal; Complications
Citation: Kholod DA, Shkurupii DA. Ophthalmological disorders after spinal anesthesia. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):703–706; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1696
Received: June 9, 2021, Reviewed: July 27, 2021, Accepted: August 30, 2021
A comparison of sustainable recording between cerebral state index (CSI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitors during total intravenous anaesthesia using target-controlled infusion technique for elective supratentorial craniotomy
Authors: Hasan Delima Radzwa , Hassan Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan , Hassan Mohamad Hasyizan , Zaini Rhendra Hardy Mohamad , Omar Sanihah Che 
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to compare the sustainability of recording between cerebral state index (CSI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitors during supratentorial craniotomy.
Methodology: A total of 42 patients for elective supratentorial craniotomy, aged 18–60 y, ASA I–II, were randomised into two groups: Group CSI (n = 21) and Group BIS (n = 21). All patients underwent surgery under the target-controlled infusion technique for propofol and remifentanil. CSI and BIS sensors were applied accordingly over the forehead before induction, and the index was continuously recorded. Anaesthesia was maintained between a range of 40 and 60 in the index. The percentage and time of sustainable recording, and association with causes of unsustainable recording were documented.
Results: There were no significant differences in the percentage of sustainable monitoring (66.7% vs. 71.4%; P = 0.739) and mean duration of sustainable monitoring (437.2 ± 221.8 vs. 407.3 ± 174.6 min; P = 0.631) between CSI and BIS. The causes of recording interruption were comparable between the two groups. Within the BIS group, there was a significant association between sustained recording and surgical incision site (p = 0.012) with the most sustainable recording was a frontoparietal incision (73.3%).
Conclusion: CSI and BIS monitors were comparable in their ability to sustain a recording of index during supratentorial craniotomy.
Key words: Intravenous, anesthesia; Cerebral state index monitor; Bispectral index; Neurosurgery; Craniotomy
Citation: Hasan DR, Hassan WMNW, Hassan MH, Zaini RHM, Omar SC. A comparison of sustainable recording between cerebral state index (CSI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitors during total intravenous anesthesia using target-controlled infusion technique for elective supratentorial craniotomy. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):763–770 ;
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1700
Received: April 15, 2021, Reviewed: October 3, 2021, Accepted: October 20, 2021
Comparison of visibility and block success between Echoplex+® and Stimuplex®-Ultraline 360○ echogenic needles for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery
Authors: Ismet Suki , Wan Hassan Wan Mohd Nazaruddin , Mazlan Mohd Zulfakar , Mukmin Laila Ab , Chong Soon Eu , Mohamad Zaini Rhendra Hardy 
Published: October 2024

Background: Needle visibility is an important factor in the success of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block. This study aimed to compare needle visibility, block performance, time to perform block and the block success by the two echogenic needles, the Echoplex+® and the Stimuplex® Ultraline 360°, during ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SBPB).
Methodology: Seventy patients scheduled for upper limb surgery under SBPB were randomised into two groups: Group E (n = 35) was blocked using an Echoplex+® needle and Group S (n = 35) was blocked using a Stimuplex® Ultraline 360° needle. All patients received 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.75% using the same brand of ultrasound machine. The needle visibility, time to perform block and block success were recorded.
Results: Needle visibility was not found to be significantly different between the groups (p = 0.241). The medians of the time to perform block (11.0 [IQR 6] vs. 10.0 [IQR 4] min; p = 0.278) and the percentages of adequate blocks (p = 0.565) were also not found to be statistically significantly different.
Conclusion: No statistically significant differences, in terms of needle visibility, time to perform block and the block success, were found between the Echoplex+® and the Stimuplex® Ultraline 360° block needles during supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Hence, both were equally effective for the performance of the block.
Key words: Echogenic needle; Visibility; Ultrasound-guided; Supraclavicular block; Brachial plexus
Citation: Ismet LA, Hassan WMNW, Mazlan MZ, Mukmin LA, Chong SE, Zaini RHM. Comparison of visibility and block success between Echoplex+® and Stimuplex®-Ultraline 360○ echogenic needles for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):788–792;
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1703
Citation: July 26, 2021, Reviewed: August 02, 2021, Accepted: October 03, 2021
The outcomes and predictors associated with prolonged weaning of postoperative patients requiring mechanical ventilation in general wards
Authors: Puetpaiboon Asamaporn , Chatmongkolchart Sunisa , Oofuvong Maliwan 
Published: October 2024

Background & Objective: Many of the postoperative patients may require ventilatory management. In a resource-limited country, not all of them may find a place in intensive care units (ICUs), and may need to be ventilated in general wards till they are weaned off or shifted to ICU. Our primary objective was to describe weaning outcomes of such patients in the general wards, and the secondary objective was to assess predictors associated with prolonged weaning in these patients.
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand. From January 2014 to December 2019, we identified 553 patients who received postoperative mechanical ventilation in general wards after non-cardiac surgeries. The weaning characteristics and the factors associated with prolonged ventilation and weaning were recorded.
Results: Incidence of short (≤ 24 h), difficult (> 1, but ≤ 7 days), prolonged (> 7 days) and no weaning were 53.0%, 28.6%, 15.0% and 3.4%, respectively. The predictors of prolonged weaning were postoperative Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 11.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.05-25.47], repeated surgeries (OR 7.38, 95% CI 3.67-14.83), totally dependent functional status (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.35-7.72), and age more than 65 y (OR 2.35 95% CI 1.29-4.25). Reintubation rate was 5.1%. Accidental extubation rate was 2.3%. Incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia was 11.6%. The 30-day mortality rate was 6%.
Conclusion: Weaning processes in general wards were mostly terminated within 24 h; however, 15% of patients experienced prolonged weaning. Postoperative Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8, repeated surgeries, totally dependent functional status, and age more than 65 y were the predictors of prolonged weaning.
Key words: Mechanical ventilators, ventilator weaning, postoperative care, surgical ward
Abbreviations: ICU - Intensive care units; MV - Mechanical ventilation; PEEP - Positive end-expiratory pressure
Citation: Puetpaiboon A, Chatmongkolchart S, Oofuvong M. The outcomes and predictors associated with prolonged weaning of postoperative patients requiring mechanical ventilation in general wards. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(2):161–167 ; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i2.1832
Received: October 24, 2020, Reviewed: January 19, 2022, Accepted: January 29, 2022,
Maj Gen (Retd) Mohammed Anis Ur Rehman Khan (Sept 1922- March 2006)
Authors: Shah Latif , Salim M. 
Published: October 2024

Mohammed Anis Ur Rehman Khan was born at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, on 10th September 1922. His early education started at Mission Public School, Nawabganj. Bareilly, and Islamia High School, Budaun (Uttar Pradesh, India). After completing his premedical education in Christian College Lucknow, he graduated from Lucknow Medical College in 1944.