bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applikation intrabronchialer Ventile zur Behandlung der persistierenden bronchopleuralen Fistel nach komplikativem Pleuraempyem mit Lungendestruktion
Authors: Akil Ali , Reichelt Jan , Freermann Stefan , Karfis Ilias , Semik Michael , Fischer Stefan 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die chirurgische Therapie persistierender bronchopleuraler Fisteln (BPF) kann sich insbesondere aufgrund von rezidivierenden Infekten langwierig gestalten. Als Alternative zur chirurgischen Versorgung steht die intrabronchiale Ventilimplantation zur Verfügung. Hier werden unsere Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz intrabronchialer Ventilen bei Hochrisikopatienten mit persistierender BPF dargestellt.
Material und Methoden Von April 2015 bis März 2017 wurden bei insgesamt 8 Patienten (n = 4 weiblich) mit komplikativem Pleuraempyem und begleitender Lungendestruktion, die eine persistierende BPF entwickelt hatten, intrabronchiale Ventile eingebracht. Die persistierende BPF konnte sowohl bronchoskopisch als auch CT-grafisch dargestellt werden. Die Ventile wurden via flexibler Bronchoskopie eingebracht. Bei n = 6 Patienten wurde aufgrund wiederholter Keimnachweise und persistierenden Infekten ein temporäres Thorakostoma angelegt.
Ergebnisse Das mittlere Alter betrug 61 Jahre (45 – 85 Jahre). In allen Fällen konnte die BPF mit intrabronchialen Ventilen okkludiert werden. Nach erfolgreicher Infektsanierung wurden alle Thorakostomata verschlossen. Bei 1 Patientin musste eine Thorakoplastik durchgeführt werden. Zur Therapie der persistierenden BPFs wurden durchschnittlich n = 3 Ventile platziert (1 – 4 Ventile). Bei allen Patienten verlief die Ventilplatzierung komplikationsfrei. Thoraxdrainagen konnten bei ausbleibender Luftfistelung und radiologisch kompletter Entfaltung der Lunge nach durchschnittlich 7 Tagen (3 – 15 Tagen) entfernt werden. Der mittlere Krankenhausaufenthalt nach Ventilimplantation lag bei 10 Tagen (5 – 20 Tagen). Komplikationen traten auch in der Nachbeobachtung nicht auf. Bei 2 Patienten wurden die Ventile bereits nach 6 Monaten entfernt. Die nachfolgenden Kontrollen zeigten weiterhin eine komplette Entfaltung der Lunge. Alle Patienten leben bis dato.
Schlussfolgerung Die intrabronchiale Ventilimplantation ist ein sicheres und wirksames Verfahren zur Behandlung von Patienten mit persistierender BPF auf dem Boden von rezidivierenden thorakalen Infekten mit begleitender Lungendestruktion. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit hohem operativem Risiko kann diese Therapie als Alternative zur chirurgischen Intervention mehr in Betracht gezogen werden.
The Effects of Folate Supplementation on Diabetes Biomarkers Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Akbari Maryam , Tabrizi Reza , Lankarani Kamran B. , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Karamali Maryam , Keneshlou Fariba , Niknam Kayvan , Kolahdooz Fariba , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough several studies have evaluated the effect of folate supplementation on diabetes biomarkers among patients with metabolic diseases, findings are inconsistent. This review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the evidence on the effects of folate supplementation on diabetes biomarkers among patients with metabolic diseases. Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 1 September 2017 were searched. Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias of included studies. Heterogeneity was measured with a Q-test and with I2 statistics. Data were pooled by using the fix or random-effect model based on the heterogeneity test results and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 763 participants were included in the final analysis. The current meta-analysis showed folate supplementation among patients with metabolic diseases significantly decreased insulin (SMD –1.28; 95% CI, –1.99, –0.56) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD –1.28; 95% CI, –1.99, –0.56). However, folate supplementation did not affect fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD –0.30; 95% CI, –0.63, 0.02) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (SMD –0.29; 95% CI, –0.61, 0.03). The results of this meta-analysis study demonstrated that folate supplementation may result in significant decreases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR score, but does not affect FPG and HbA1c levels among patients with metabolic diseases.
Vibration and acoustic noise emitted by dry-type air-core reactors under PWM voltage excitation
Authors: Li Jingsong , Wang Shanming , Hong Jianfeng , Yang Zhanlu , Jiang Shengqian , Xia Shichong 
Published: January 2018

According to coupling way between the magnetic field and the structural order, structure mode is discussed by engaging finite element (FE) method and both natural frequency and modal shape for a dry-type air-core reactor (DAR) are obtained in this paper. On the basis of harmonic response analysis, electromagnetic force under PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) voltage excitation is mapped with the structure mesh, the vibration spectrum is gained and the consequences represents that the whole structure vibration predominates in the radial direction, with less axial vibration. Referring to the test standard of reactor noise, the rules of emitted noise of the DAR are measured and analyzed at chosen switching frequency matches the sample resonant frequency and the methods of active vibration and noise reduction are put forward. Finally, the low acoustic noise emission of a prototype DAR is verified by measurement.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 30 October 2018.
Topological transformations of Hopf solitons in chiral ferromagnets and liquid crystals
Authors: Tai Jung-Shen B. , Ackerman Paul J. , Smalyukh Ivan I. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceWhile arising in theories in many branches of science, from particle physics to condensed matter and cosmology, stable three-dimensional topological solitons remained experimentally elusive until very recently. We now show that such solitons can be electrically and magnetically switched between states with the same or different Hopf indices. Richness and robustness of this switching promise technological applications in the new breeds of information displays and data storage devices, as well as may provide a test ground and new inspirations for the mathematical knot theory.
New molecular features of cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata, l. Walp) β-vignin
Authors: de Souza Ferreira Ederlan , Capraro Jessica , Sessa Fabio , Magni Chiara , Demonte Aureluce , Consonni Alessandro , Augusto Neves Valdir , Maffud Cilli Eduardo , Duranti Marcello , Scarafoni Alessio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cowpea seed β-vignin, a vicilin-like globulin, proved to exert various health favourable effects, including blood cholesterol reduction in animal models. The need of a simple scalable enrichment procedure for further studies for tailored applications of this seed protein is crucial. A chromatography-independent fractionation method allowing to obtain a protein preparation with a high degree of homogeneity was used. Further purification was pursued to deep the molecular characterisation of β-vignin. The results showed: (i) differing glycosylation patterns of the two constituent polypeptides, in agreement with amino acid sequence features; (ii) the seed accumulation of a gene product never identified before; (iii) metal binding capacity of native protein, a property observed only in few other legume seed vicilins.
Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Health Literacy and Message Content
Authors: Hoover Diana Stewart , Wetter David W , Vidrine Damon J , Nguyen Nga , Frank Summer G , Li Yisheng , Waters Andrew J , Meade Cathy D , Vidrine Jennifer I 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Efforts are needed to ensure that smokers with lower health literacy are provided with understandable and impactful information about the health consequences of smoking and benefits of quitting.

Purpose
To test the influence of health literacy on smokers’ responses to health risk messages manipulated on framing (gain vs. loss) and emotionality (factual vs. emotional).

Methods
Participants (N = 402) were randomized to evaluate one of four sets of smoking risk messages (factual gain-framed, factual loss-framed, emotional gain-framed, or emotional loss-framed). Multiple linear regressions examined main effects of health literacy, message emotionality, and message framing on: (a) risk perceptions, (b) behavioral expectations (i.e. cut down, limit, quit), and (c) risk knowledge. Two-way interactions of health literacy with emotionality and framing were examined for these outcomes. Analyses were based on theory-driven, a priori hypotheses.

Results
As hypothesized, main effects emerged such that smokers with higher health literacy reported stronger risk perceptions and knowledge retention regardless of message type. Additionally, emotional (vs. factual) and gain- (vs. loss-) framed messages were associated with certain lower risk perceptions regardless of health literacy level. Consistent with hypotheses, two-way crossover interactions emerged between health literacy and emotionality. Among smokers with higher health literacy, factual messages produced higher perceived risk and stronger expectations for quitting. Among smokers with lower health literacy, emotional messages produced higher perceived risk and stronger expectations for quitting.

Conclusions
Health literacy plays an important role in influencing how smokers respond to different risk messages. One’s health literacy should be considered when determining whether risk communications emphasize factual or emotional content.
The Effect of Low-Dose Naltrexone on Medication in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Quasi Experimental Before-and-After Prescription Database Study
Authors: Raknes Guttorm , Simonsen Pia , Småbrekke Lars 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims
Low-dose naltrexone [LDN] is a controversial off-label treatment used by many Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. A small number of preliminary studies indicate that LDN might be beneficial in CD, but evidence is too scarce to demonstrate efficacy. We sought to examine whether initiation of LDN therapy by patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] was followed by changes in dispensing of relevant medication.

Methods
We performed a quasi-experimental before-and-after study following a sudden increase in LDN use in the Norwegian population in 2013. IBD patients were identified from among all the patients who had at least one LDN prescription recorded in the Norwegian Prescription Database [NorPD] in 2013. Drug dispensing 2 years before and after the first LDN prescription was compared.

Results
We identified 582 IBD patients who had received LDN. Of the 256 patients who became persistent LDN users, there were reductions in the number of users for [i] all examined drugs [–12%], [ii] intestinal anti-inflammatory agents [–17%], [iii] other immunosuppressants [–29%], [iv] intestinal corticosteroids [–32%] and [v] aminosalicylates [–17%]. In subgroups of identified CD and UC patients, there were significant reductions in the number of users of intestinal corticosteroids [CD: –44%, UC: –53%] and systemic corticosteroids [UC: –24%]. No significant differences in cumulative defined daily doses were observed.

Conclusions
Our findings imply that the initiation of LDN in IBD is followed by reduced dispensing of several drugs considered essential in the treatment of CD and UC.
Implementing pharmacogenomics decision support across seven European countries: The Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics (U-PGx) project
Authors: Blagec Kathrin , Koopmann Rudolf , Crommentuijn – van Rhenen Mandy , Holsappel Inge , van der Wouden Cathelijne H , Konta Lidija , Xu Hong , Steinberger Daniela , Just Enrico , Swen Jesse J , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Samwald Matthias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClinical pharmacogenomics (PGx) has the potential to make pharmacotherapy safer and more effective by utilizing genetic patient data for drug dosing and selection. However, widespread adoption of PGx depends on its successful integration into routine clinical care through clinical decision support tools, which is often hampered by insufficient or fragmented infrastructures. This paper describes the setup and implementation of a unique multimodal, multilingual clinical decision support intervention consisting of digital, paper-, and mobile-based tools that are deployed across implementation sites in seven European countries participating in the Ubiquitous PGx (U-PGx) project.
Early Results in Flow Diverter Sizing by Computational Simulation: Quantification of Size Change and Simulation Error Assessment
Authors: Narata Ana Paula , Blasco Jordi , Roman Luis San , Macho Juan Miguel , Fernandez Hector , Moyano Raquel Kale , Winzenrieth Renaud , Larrabide Ignacio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Sizing of flow diverters (FDs) stent in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is a challenging task due to the change of stent length after implantation.

OBJECTIVE
To quantify the size change and assess the error in length prediction in 82 simulated FD deployments.

METHODS
Eighty-two consecutive patients treated with FDs were retrospectively analyzed. Implanted FD length was measured from angiographic images and compared to the nominal sizes of the implanted device. Length change was obtained by subtracting the nominal length from the real length and dividing by the nominal length. Implanted devices were simulated on 3-dimensional models of each patient. Simulation error was obtained by subtracting real length from simulated length and dividing by the real length of the FD. Subanalysis was done using ANOVA. Statistical significance was set to P < .05, and bootstrap resampling was used.

RESULTS
When assessing the length change of the FD after implantation, changes of 30% in average and up to 80% with reference to the nominal length of the device were observed. The simulation results showed a lower error of 3.52% in average with a maximum of 30%. Paired t-test showed nonsignificant differences between measured and real length (P = .07, with the mean of differences at 0.45 mm, 95% confidence interval [−0.950 0.038]).

CONCLUSION
Nominal length is not an accurate sizing metric when choosing the size of an FD irrespective of the brand and manufacturer. Good estimation of the final length of the stent after deployment as expressed by an error of 3.5% in average.
Impact of a Novel Multiparameter Decision Support System on Intraoperative Processes of Care and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Kheterpal Sachin , Shanks Amy , Tremper Kevin K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
The authors hypothesized that a multiparameter intraoperative decision support system with real-time visualizations may improve processes of care and outcomes.

Methods
Electronic health record data were retrospectively compared over a 6-yr period across three groups: experimental cases, in which the decision support system was used for 75% or more of the case at sole discretion of the providers; parallel controls (system used 74% or less); and historical controls before system implementation. Inclusion criteria were adults under general anesthesia, advanced medical disease, case duration of 60 min or longer, and length of stay of two days or more. The process measures were avoidance of intraoperative hypotension, ventilator tidal volume greater than 10 ml/kg, and crystalloid administration (ml · kg–1 · h–1). The secondary outcome measures were myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, mortality, length of hospital stay, and encounter charges.

Results
A total of 26,769 patients were evaluated: 7,954 experimental cases, 10,933 parallel controls, and 7,882 historical controls. Comparing experimental cases to parallel controls with propensity score adjustment, the data demonstrated the following medians, interquartile ranges, and effect sizes: hypotension 1 (0 to 5) versus 1 (0 to 5) min, P < 0.001, beta = –0.19; crystalloid administration 5.88 ml · kg–1 · h–1 (4.18 to 8.18) versus 6.17 (4.32 to 8.79), P < 0.001, beta = –0.03; tidal volume greater than 10 ml/kg 28% versus 37%, P < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio 0.65 (0.53 to 0.80); encounter charges $65,770 ($41,237 to $123,869) versus $69,373 ($42,101 to $132,817), P < 0.001, beta = –0.003. The secondary clinical outcome measures were not significantly affected.

Conclusions
The use of an intraoperative decision support system was associated with improved process measures, but not postoperative clinical outcomes.
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PACHYDRUSEN IN POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Lee Junwon , Byeon Suk Ho 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the prevalence of a newly defined drusen type, pachydrusen, soft drusen, and subretinal drusenoid deposits in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and fellow eyes and the relationship between each drusen type and the choroidal thickness, vascular morphology, and hyperpermeability.

Methods:
The 169 eyes of 90 patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were retrospectively reviewed. The prevalence of each drusen type was evaluated using color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. The choroidal thickness and presence of pachyvessels on optical coherence tomography and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability on indocyanine green angiography were compared among the drusen groups.

Results:
Pachydrusen, soft drusen, and subretinal drusenoid deposits were found in 49.3%, 12.3%, and 6.9% in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy eyes. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness of the pachydrusen, soft drusen, and subretinal drusenoid deposit groups was 403.1, 184.4, and 176.4 µm. The pachydrusen group showed significantly thicker choroid than the others. The choroidal hyperpermeability was noticed at 41.7%, 0%, and 0% and the pachyvessel was observed at 80.6%, 44.4%, and 40% in pachydrusen, soft drusen, and subretinal drusenoid deposit groups, respectively.

Conclusion:
In patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, pachydrusen was prevalent and associated with thicker choroid. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with pachydrusen was highly associated with choroidal vascular hyperpremeability and pachyvessel morphology than other types of drusen.
Assessment of Clinical Trials for Devices Intended to Control Myopia Progression in Children
Authors: Robboy Marc W. , Hilmantel Gene , Tarver Michelle E. , Eydelman Malvina B. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:The increased prevalence of myopia in the United States and other regions of the world, and the sight-threatening problems associated with higher levels of myopia have led to great interest in research designed to reduce these rates. As most of the progression of myopia occurs in childhood, these investigations have been directed toward slowing the progression of myopia in children. Treatments described to potentially slow the progression of myopia have included pharmacological interventions, multifocal spectacles, and multifocal correction created by contact lenses. Although some contact lens clinical trials have demonstrated promising results in slowing the progression of myopia, many of these studies have significant limitations, including only short follow-up times, limited randomization, and incomplete masking. Such limitations have underscored the need to develop a more robust clinical study design, so that future studies can demonstrate whether contact lenses, as well as other medical devices, can be used in a safe and effective manner to control myopia progression. We review previous key studies and discuss study design and regulatory issues relevant to future clinical trials.
Intra- and Interexaminer Variability of Two Separate Video Head Impulse Test Systems Assessing All Six Semicircular Canals
Authors: Abrahamsen Emil Riis , Christensen Ann-Eva , Hougaard Dan Dupont 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To evaluate intra- and interexaminer variability of the video Head Impulse Test (v-HIT) when assessing all six semicircular canals (SCCs) of two separate v-HIT systems.

Study Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.

Patients:
One hundred twenty healthy subjects.

Intervention:
Four separate tests of all six SCCs with either system A or system B. Two examiners tested all subjects twice. Pretest randomization included type of v-HIT system, order of paired SCC testing, as well as initial examiner.
Main Outcome Measure: Gain values and the presence of pathological saccades were registered. Ninety-five percent limits of agreement (LOAs) were calculated for both intra- and interexaminer variability. Adding or subtracting the value from the mean difference achieves the upper and lower bound LOA. Ninety-five percent of the differences lie within these limits.

Results:
Interexaminer reliability: System A: LOAs between 0.13 and 0.24 for the horizontal SCCs and between 0.42 and 0.74 for the vertical SCCs. System B: LOAs between 0.09 and 0.13 for the horizontal SCCs and between 0.13 and 0.20 for the vertical SCCs. Intraexaminer reliability: System A: LOAs were 0.19 and 0.14 for the horizontal SCCs and varied from 0.43 to 0.53 for the vertical SCCs. System B: LOAs were 0.14 for the horizontal SCCs and varied from 0.13 to 0.22 for the vertical SCCs.

Conclusion:
Horizontal SCC testing: both v-HIT systems displayed good intra- and interexaminer variability. Vertical SCC testing: System B displayed good intra- and interexaminer variability whereas the opposite was true with system A.
Outcome Measures for Baro-Challenge-Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tailor Bhavesh V. , Smith Matthew E. , Hutchinson Peter J. A. , Tysome James R. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Baro-challenge-induced Eustachian tube dysfunction (baro-induced ETD) is characterized by failure of the Eustachian tube (ET) to open adequately to permit middle-ear pressure regulation during ambient pressure changes. There are no well-characterized tests for identifying the condition, which makes both patient diagnosis and research into treatment efficacy challenging. This systematic review evaluates ET function tests as potential outcome measures for baro-induced ETD.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE and CENTRAL were searched (database inception to March 2017) and reference lists reviewed for all relevant English Language articles.

Study Selection:
Tests in included studies were required to measure ET function in patients reporting baro-induced ear symptoms or barotrauma.

Data Extraction:
Data were extracted in a standardized manner, and studies assessed according to Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) criteria. The primary outcome of interest was the accuracy of ET function tests.

Data Synthesis:
Heterogeneity of subject demographics, ET function test methodology, and reference standards only permitted narrative systematic review.

Conclusion:
Sixteen studies involving seven different types of ET function tests were identified. The nine-step test was the most commonly used outcome measure, with overall test sensitivity and specificity ranges of 37 to 100% and 57 to 100%, respectively. Tympanometry test sensitivity was consistently poor (0–50%) while specificity was higher (52–97%). Published accuracy data for other ET function tests and test combinations were limited. Currently, no single test can be recommended for use in clinical practice. A combination of the nine-step test with other objective tests or patient-reported measures appears most promising as a core set of outcome measures for baro-induced ETD.