bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental students’ and staff perceptions of the impact of learning environment disruption on their learning and teaching experiences
Authors: The A. J. M. , Adam L. , Meldrum A. , Brunton P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis project is a qualitative investigation into student and staff experiences of the effect of a major building redevelopment on their Dental School learning and teaching environments. Currently, there is little research exploring the impact of disruptions to the learning environment on students’ learning and staff teaching experiences.MethodData were collected in 2016 using an online survey, semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with students and staff. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach.ResultsFour broad themes emerged as follows: (i) students valued having a space for personal and collaborative work within the Dental School; (ii) both staff and students positioned staff contributions to learning experiences above the role of the physical learning environment; (iii) the majority of staff and students not feel that the physical environment limited their clinical training; and (iv) staff and students were able to adapt to the impact of building redevelopment through resilience and organisation.DiscussionResults of this research have informed the provision of collegial spaces at the School, both as the building redevelopment continues, and in planning for the completed building.
Increasing incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma but no improvement in survival in Sweden 2000‐2013
Authors: Eloranta Sandra , Brånvall Elsa , Celsing Fredrik , Papworth Karin , Ljungqvist Maria , Enblad Gunilla , Ekström‐Smedby Karin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to characterize the epidemiology of immunocompetent Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) diagnosed 2000‐2013 in Sweden.MethodsCases were identified in the population‐based Swedish Lymphoma Register. Incidence per 100 000 person‐years and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and PCNSL‐specific survival was estimated using relative survival. Tests for temporal trends were performed using Poisson regression. Population incidence of all brain tumors was retrieved for comparison.ResultsWith 359 identified PCNSL cases (median age 66 years), overall incidence was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.24‐0.29) and the average annual increase 4% (P = .002). The increasing trend was primarily observed among elderly individuals (70+ years). Similarly, an increase in incidence of all brain tumors was noted only among the elderly. There was no significant improvement in relative survival across the study period although, among fit patients (with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, EGOC 0), survival plateaued 6 years after diagnosis.ConclusionThe increasing PCNSL incidence in the elderly was consistent with an increasing incidence of brain tumors of any type and may in part be attributable to improved diagnostics and reporting in this group. New treatment options have not yet translated into general survival improvements in a population‐based setting, although the presence of long‐term survivors among fit patients is encouraging.
The effects on soil aggregation and carbon fixation of different organic amendments for restoring degraded soil in semiarid areas
Authors: Hernandez T. , Hernandez M. C. , Garcia C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe addition of organic wastes as a strategy to restore degraded soil in semiarid regions can increase soil aggregation and carbon fixation. These processes can be affected by both the characteristics of the organic amendments and the soil microbial community structure. This study examines the effect of single additions (150 t ha−1) of different organic residues for soil restoration (fresh and composted sewage sludge, vegetal residue and farmyard manure) on aggregation and carbon (C) retention in a semiarid degraded soil. Changes in the distribution of microbial biomass in soil aggregates were also evaluated. Sewage sludge compost was added at rates of 150 and 300 t ha−1 to determine the effect of the amount applied on the distribution processes. Large macroaggregates (2000–8000 μm), small macroaggregates (250–2000 μm), microaggregates (53–250 μm) and the < 53‐μm soil fraction were obtained, and organic carbon (Corg) concentration was determined in these fractions in addition to the total phospholipid‐derived fatty acids (PLFAs). Both the characteristics of the amendments and the amount applied affected soil aggregation and Corg concentration in the aggregate size classes. The manure and the compost added at 300 t ha−1 contributed to the fixation of stable Corg in soil aggregates to a greater extent than the fresh sludge, vegetal residue or compost added at 150 t ha−1. In all soil fractions, the total concentration of PLFAs was larger in restored soil than in the control soil, and increases depended on the aggregate size class and characteristics of the amendment. The largest microbial abundance occurred in both large and small macroaggregates.Highlights
Effects of type and amount of amendment on aggregation and C fixation in semiarid soil are elucidated.
We explored distribution of the microbial community in soil aggregates in response to new soil C pools.
Carbon fixation and microbial abundance of aggregates are affected by type and amount of amendment.
Restored and degraded soils differ in terms of the breakdown of new organic matter inputs.
Prediction of soil organic carbon at the country scale: stratification strategies for near‐infrared data
Authors: Jaconi A. , Don A. , Freibauer A. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryResearch has shown that the application of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used to predict soil attributes, in particular for regional to continental scales. However, there are challenges when NIR is used at the regional scale because of the considerable spatial variation. This study has predicted SOC at the country scale (German agricultural soil inventory) with different stratification strategies for NIR data: (i) calibration with memory‐based learning (MBL) algorithms that use spectral similarity and (ii) simple stratification based on soil properties (depth, pH and soil texture) and land use. To optimize calibration models, this study aimed to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) determined by these three strategies for 1410 soil profiles selected from the German agricultural soil inventory. The profiles covered a wide range of soil types and characteristics. The calibration procedures were based on complete soil profile data of two‐thirds of the dataset and one‐third of the dataset was used for independent validation (prediction); the profiles were selected randomly. Available soil properties for stratifying the datasets were: soil depth (topsoil 0–30 cm and subsoil 31–100 cm), pH and texture class (silty, clayey, sandy and loamy). The profiles were also stratified by land use (cropland and grassland) and with the MBL method. The calibrations were carried out by partial least‐squares regression (PLSR), and each stratification model was compared with the global model. The root mean square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) for the global model was 4.2 g SOC kg−1. Stratification according to soil depth reduced the error by 10% (RMSECV 3.8 g kg−1). The best stratification by soil texture was when sandy soil samples were separated from the other samples, which reduced the RMSECV by 14%. Calibration with MBL provided the most accurate predictions of SOC, with an error reduction of 25% (RMSECV 3.2 g kg−1). Thus, calibrations with NIR of country‐scale datasets can be improved easily by stratification or application of the MBL algorithm.Highlights
Large country‐scale soil dataset of near‐infrared with > 1400 soil profiles was used.
Stratification of NIR data by soil properties increased the accuracy of SOC calibration at country scale.
The best stratification design involved calibrating sandy soil separately from other texture classes.
A decrease of 25% in calibration error and 22% in prediction error with the MBL model compared with global model.
Intractable seizures after a lengthy remission in childhood‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Camfield Peter R. , Camfield Carol S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectivesTo establish the risk of subsequent intractable epilepsy after ≥2, ≥5, and ≥10 years of remission in childhood‐onset epilepsy.MethodsFrom the Nova Scotia childhood‐onset epilepsy population‐based cohort patients with all types of epilepsy were selected with ≥20 years follow‐up from seizure onset (incidence cases). Children with childhood absence epilepsy were excluded. The rate of subsequent intractable epilepsy was then studied for patients with ≥5 years remission on or off AED treatment and compared with the rate for those with ≥2 and ≥10 years of remission.ResultsThree hundred eighty‐eight eligible patients had ≥20 years follow‐up (average 27.7 ± (standard deviation) 4 years) until they were an average of 34 ± 6.5 years of age. Overall, 297 (77%) had a period of ≥5 years of seizure freedom (average 21.2 ± 8 years), with 90% of these remissions continuing to the end of follow‐up. Seizures recurred in 31 (10%) and were intractable in 7 (2%). For the 332 with a remission of ≥2 years seizure‐free, 6.9% subsequently developed intractable epilepsy (p = 0.001). For the 260 with ≥10 years remission, 0.78% subsequently developed intractable epilepsy (p = 0.25 compared with ≥5 years remission).SignificanceEven after ≥5 or ≥10 years of seizure freedom, childhood‐onset epilepsy may reappear and be intractable. The risk is fortunately small, but for most patients it is not possible to guarantee a permanent remission.
Epileptogenic networks in nodular heterotopia: A stereoelectroencephalography study
Authors: Pizzo Francesca , Roehri Nicolas , Catenoix Hélène , Medina Samuel , McGonigal Aileen , Giusiano Bernard , Carron Romain , Scavarda Didier , Ostrowsky Karine , Lepine Anne , Boulogne Sébastien , Scholly Julia , Hirsch Edouard , Rheims Sylvain , Bénar Christian‐George , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveDefining the roles of heterotopic and normotopic cortex in the epileptogenic networks in patients with nodular heterotopia is challenging. To elucidate this issue, we compared heterotopic and normotopic cortex using quantitative signal analysis on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings.MethodsClinically relevant biomarkers of epileptogenicity during ictal (epileptogenicity index; EI) and interictal recordings (high‐frequency oscillation and spike) were evaluated in 19 patients undergoing SEEG. These biomarkers were then compared between heterotopic cortex and neocortical regions. Seizures were classified as normotopic, heterotopic, or normoheterotopic according to respective values of quantitative analysis (EI ≥0.3).ResultsA total of 1,246 contacts were analyzed: 259 in heterotopic tissue (heterotopic cortex), 873 in neocortex in the same lobe of the lesion (local neocortex), and 114 in neocortex distant from the lesion (distant neocortex). No significant difference in EI values, high‐frequency oscillations, and spike rate was found comparing local neocortex and heterotopic cortex at a patient level, but local neocortex appears more epileptogenic (p < 0.001) than heterotopic cortex analyzing EI values at a seizure level. According to EI values, seizures were mostly normotopic (48.5%) or normoheterotopic (45.5%); only 6% were purely heterotopic. A good long‐term treatment response was obtained in only two patients after thermocoagulation and surgical disconnection.SignificanceThis is the first quantitative SEEG study providing insight into the mechanisms generating seizures in nodular heterotopia. We demonstrate that both the heterotopic lesion and particularly the normotopic cortex are involved in the epileptogenic network. This could open new perspectives on multitarget treatments, other than resective surgery, aimed at modifying the epileptic network.
Influence of the location and type of epileptogenic lesion on scalp interictal epileptiform discharges and high‐frequency oscillations
Authors: Cuello‐Oderiz Carolina , von Ellenrieder Nicolas , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo increase the diagnostic power of scalp electroencephalography (EEG) by investigating whether lesion type and location influence the morphology of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) and the likelihood thatIEDs and high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) are present.MethodsWe studiedEEGactivity in epilepsy patients with lesional epilepsy. Lesions were classified by type and by location (region and depth). We marked a maximum of 50IEDs during deep non–rapid eye movement sleep.IEDs were identified as spikes or sharp waves with or without slow waves, or bursts of spikes or sharp waves with or without slow waves. We analyzedHFOs in the studies showing at least 50IEDs.ResultsIn 192 scalpEEGstudies, the differences in the percentage of studies showingIEDs in each depth‐related group were not statistically significant, whereasHFOs (55 studies) predominated in patients exhibiting superficial lesions (p<0.001). Sharp waves, as predominant pattern, were more prevalent in hippocampal abnormalities (p < 0.001), whereas bursts predominated in patients with malformations of cortical development (p < 0.001).SignificanceThe depth of the lesion does not influence the presence ofIEDs, as one might expect, but it influences that ofHFOs. This is explained as follows.HFOs are generated in the epileptogenic region, do not propagate, and hence are only visible on scalpEEGwith superficial lesions.IEDs can result from a nearby focus or propagate from a deep generator and are therefore equally present with deep, intermediate, and superficial lesions. Additionally,IEDmorphology provides information in determining the lesion type.
Intentions to Have a Child: A Couple‐Based Process
Authors: Matias Marisa , Fontaine Anne Marie 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo analyze how the endorsement of motives for and against having children act at a dyadic level to predict childbearing intentions.BackgroundUnderstanding what leads individuals to have children is a topic of interest among family researchers and policy makers given that fertility rates have been decreasing in many countries. Most studies on this topic have not examined intentions about children as a dyadic process, yet most childbearing decisions occur within couple relationships.MethodUsing a convenience sample of heterosexual dual‐earner couples with (n = 100 couples) and without children (n = 60 couples), Actor‐Partner‐Interdependence‐Models were fitted to assess the linkages between motives and childbearing intentions.ResultsDifferent processes occur for parents and nonparents when formulating intentions to have a(nother) child. Compared to nonparents, parents are less concerned about potential changes in lifestyle or to their marital relationship, and worries about child development are subdued; rather, they are more focused on the potential emotional benefits of an additional child. In addition, partner effects were found solely in the parents' group: The more the partner perceived an additional child as enriching, the more the individual intended to have another child. Childless women were also particularly concerned about the costs of parenthood, and childless men were primarily driven by emotional enrichment motives.ConclusionIndividual attitudes and behaviors with regard to intentions for having a child tend to be affected by their partner's attitudes and behaviors toward the same. Thus, the family systems approach take here provides a more holistic understanding of couple and family decision‐making processes on this issue than is possible when only collecting data from individuals.ImplicationsFor parents, interventions aimed at enhancing communication and negotiation skills between couple members could foster a more shared and informed decision‐making process. Improving women's sense of control and mastery over the juggling of multiple roles may help reduce childless women's concerns about the costs of having children.
Fatigue characterization of T300/924 polymer composites with voids under tension‐tension and compression‐compression cyclic loading
Authors: Liu H. , Cui H. , Wen W. , Kang H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFibrous polymer composites exhibit excellent properties such as high specific stiffness/strength and good fatigue performance. However, as inherent defects of polymer composites, voids have been reported to have an impact on their load‐bearing properties including fatigue resistance. In the interest of safety, the effect of voids on fatigue behaviours of composites should be understood and quantified. In this article, the effect of voids on the fatigue of T300/924 composites was evaluated in terms of their fatigue life, stiffness degradation, and cracks propagation under tension‐tension and compression‐compression loadings. The failure probability was assessed by Weibull distribution. Furthermore, crack measurement and fractographic analysis reveal that the effect of voids on the failure mechanisms of the material under various loading configurations could be different. Lastly, an analytical residual stiffness model was proposed, and a good correlation was obtained between the experimental data and the prediction results.
Navigating a world of religious NGOs: Ethnography, abstraction, and views of the horizon
Authors: Fountain Philip , Feener R. Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSince the turn of the twenty‐first century, there has been a prodigious production of typological studies seeking to “map” religious NGOs. In this paper, our intention is not to construct yet another new map of religious NGOs, or even to map these earlier mappings. Rather we would like to open up here some new conversations about the ways in which we might better understand, appreciate, and build upon work that has been done to date on NGOs at the intersection of religion and development. In doing this, we explore some alternative technologies for the navigation of this brave new world.
Spacing the subject: Thinking subjectivity after non‐representational theory
Authors: Simpson Paul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper reviews work in geography concerned with the spatialities of “the subject” after non‐representational theory (NRT). The paper looks at what talking about “the subject” might refer to, particularly amid the aftermath of the decentering of the subject that took place in the latter part of the 20th century across the humanities and social sciences. The paper then provides an overview of the impacts that NRT has had on how geographers have understood and approached the subject. In particular, the paper focuses on recent work in human geography which takes the subject to be in some way emergent from encounters with various more‐than human others/alterity. Reflecting on that work, the paper broaches questions around difference and distribution. Here, a range of questions and lines of enquiry which might now be pursued in developing this work further are offered. These are summarised around the need for a “spacing” of the subject.
Fresh and ensiled forage plants—total composition, silage losses and the prediction of silage composition from the crop
Authors: Udén P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwenty ley and whole‐crop samples were analysed before and after ensiling to determine the proportion of dry matter (DM) that could be accounted for by the sum of 12 chemical assays for ash, ash‐excluded‐amylase‐treated neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom), starch, water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC), pectin, crude protein (CP),CPinaNDFom (CPndf), ammonia, crude fat, phenolics, plant organic acids and liquid fermentation products (acids and alcohols). Crop components, utilized during silage fermentation and the possibility of predicting silage composition from that of the crop, were also investigated. Samples consisted of timothy and red and white clover, harvested at early and late maturities in two cuts per maturity and of whole‐crop barley, wheat and maize, harvested at early, intermediate and late stages of maturity. Ley crops were wilted to reach aDMcontent of approximately 400 g/kg, whereas whole crops (WC) were not wilted (151–757 gDM/kg) before ensiling. The average sum of analytes was 1022 and 981 g/kgDMfor crops and silages respectively. An overall closeness to complete recovery indicates that no major plant components were missing from the analyses. Relative proportions of pectin, plant organic acids and phenolics, which are rarely analysed, were approximately 60:40:2 (w/w). Ash,aNDFom, crude fat andCPwere almost completely recovered after ensiling, whereas partial metabolism reduced recoveries of starch (81%),CPndf (62%), plant organic acids (65%), pectin (64%) andWSC(29%). Only the four analytes with high silage recoveries could be reasonably well predicted from parent crop levels with mean prediction error from 0.065 foraNDFom to 0.167 for crude fat.
A Real‐World Analysis of Migraine: A Cross‐Sectional Study of Disease Burden and Treatment Patterns
Authors: Ford Janet H. , Jackson James , Milligan Gary , Cotton Sarah , Ahl Jonna , Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the sociodemographics, disease burden, and treatment patterns of patients with episodic and chronic migraine in the United States.BackgroundMigraine is a disabling neurological disease that places an enormous burden on patients.MethodsData were drawn from the Adelphi Migraine United States Disease Specific Programme (index period: January to March 2014). Physicians (N = 150) completed a patient report form on 10 consulting patients with migraine. Episodic migraineurs had ≤14 headache days per month (HDM) and those with chronic migraine had ≥15. Headache‐related disability was assessed with the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire. Disability was also compared across subgroups based on the number of HDM (≤3, 4‐7, 8‐14, and ≥15).ResultsA total of 1487 patient report forms were completed. Over 70% of the patients were female, 90.8% (n = 1350) were episodic migraineurs, and 9.2% (n = 137) were chronic migraineurs. Acute treatment was prescribed for >90% of the patients, and >50% had a current prescription for preventive treatment. Despite taking acute and/or preventive treatment, 29.2% of episodic migraineurs (including some patients with ≤3 headache days/month) and 73.2% of chronic migraineurs had moderate‐to‐severe headache‐related disability (MIDAS total score ≥11). Preventive treatment was discontinued/switched at least once by 26.4% of episodic migraineurs and by 53.3% of chronic migraineurs. Of those patients (n = 382) who gave collective reasons for discontinuation/switching preventive treatment, over 70% selected lack of efficacy and tolerability/safety.ConclusionsThis real‐world analysis provides additional support for the unmet medical need for efficacious therapies that reduce migraine frequency and severity, headache‐related disability, and have better tolerability for patients with migraine. In addition, further research is needed to better understand the burden of illness among patients with lower migraine frequency, and to implement treatment strategies to prevent progression of the disease.