bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphosphoric Acid Catalyzed C−H Dinitration of Passivated Aromatic Compounds with Potassium Nitrate under Mild Condition
Authors: Jia Yixiong , Wen Bin , Nan Peiran , Chen Huaiyin , Chen Xingquan , Li Shiyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDinitroaromatics are valuable organic compounds. However, the high value of these compounds is accompanied by significant risks and formidable challenges. Herein, we report a safe and highly efficient method for the dinitration of various aromatic compounds, using KNO3 as nitrating agent, polyphosphoric acid as solvent and catalyst. This approach provides a safer and more efficient alternative to the traditional mixed acid system, making it suitable for a range of substrates, especially highly deactivated arenes.
A ‘New Social Virtuosity’; A Dissonant Manifest(o)
Authors: Whalley J. Harry , Waeckerlé Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the intersection of music, creativity, and society through the lens of a critical and self‐critical appraisal of the here.here concert series; ongoing research‐led collaboration focusing on transdisciplinary approaches to experimental music with a focus on the socio‐politico‐environmental dynamics at play between all involved in a musical encounter. The authors, both academics and composers, contend that experimental music, in its super‐local, interpersonal connections, can challenge the conventional and institutional, serving as an alternative to the homogeneity and self‐centred individualism fostered by capitalist systems. We propose the concept of a ‘new social virtuosity (“social virtuosity” in a music context was coined by Maggie Nicols in the 1970s to describe Feminist Improvising Group and their challenge of the “technological or instrumental elitism”; often dismissed by male musicians. (We came across it through the PhD research of one of our students Maureen Wolloshin),’ viewing the music landscape as a vast terrain where various musical, artistic, and creative directions intersect and converge, transcending presumed binaries. The paper foregrounds the significance of curatorial practice in bridging these differences and harnessing social dissonance, particularly in the context of the capitalist systems which enable these concerts. The authors argue that curation, despite its necessary interplay with these systems, can act as a tool to disrupt and question them. They explore how the act of curation influences social and political dynamics, examining its potential to create new ways of interaction and empowerment. This approach serves as a contrast to those systems that often cause disconnection and isolation. The authors reflect upon three case studies from the last two seasons of the here.here concert series that explicitly focused on the concepts of ‘ventriloquy’ and ‘social virtuosity’ as forms of creative agency: entering into critical dialogue with and giving voice to seminal works (Cage 4′33, Alexander J. Ellis (1814–1890)) for the former and three contemporary pioneers of ‘social virtuosity’—Eva‐Maria Houben—Maggie Nicols and Eddie Prevost for the latter. The concept of ‘social dissonance’ is examined, illustrating how it can be used as a catalyst for creative dialogue and solidarity, while also encouraging a deeper understanding of our shared societal dynamics. Finally, the paper introduces the concept of ‘a new social virtuosity’, emphasising the importance of listening, collaboration, and collective intention in creating a shared musical experience that expands beyond the stage to include the audience. It concludes by examining the performance of 4′33 within this context and underscores the power of dissonance as a tool for creative and critical thinking.
Monomer Transport via Collision in Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Schork F. Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the questions still remaining regarding emulsion polymerization is the issue of mass transfer versus reaction limitation since, by its nature, emulsion polymerization requires monomer transport across an aqueous phase. This question is brought into focus lately by the growing use of miniemulsion polymerization in which the monomer transport step is much less important. This paper will explore the possible rate of monomer transport via collision and ratio this to the maximum rate of polymerization using the Damkohler analysis formality. Results indicate that systems relying on monomer transport by collision will be almost universally monomer‐transport‐limited, thus exhibiting lower‐than‐expected rates of polymerizations.
A comprehensive review of radiation shielding concrete: Properties, design, evaluation, and applications
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim , Das Bibhuti Bhusan , Norman Paul , Qureshi Tanvir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of radiation shielding concrete, covering its properties, design, evaluation, and applications. It begins with an introduction, stating the objective and scope. The paper explores radiation shielding basics, including ionizing radiation, shielding principles, and materials used for shielding. Concrete's properties relevant to shielding, radiation attenuation mechanisms, and factors affecting its efficiency are discussed. Different types of radiation shielding concrete are examined, along with their applications. The design and formulation of shielding concrete, including mix proportions, optimization techniques, and quality control, are presented. Evaluation methods and standards are discussed. Lastly, challenges, future directions, and emerging technologies are outlined. This review paper serves as a valuable resource for professionals involved in radiation shielding. The review on radiation shielding concrete highlighted its effectiveness in attenuating ionizing radiation, emphasizing material composition, density, and thickness as key design factors. Evaluation methods, such as gamma spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulations, are discussed, demonstrating its versatile applications in nuclear facilities, healthcare, and space exploration.
Corrosion level estimation in reinforced concrete beams by acoustic emission sensing and selective crack measurements
Authors: Vandecruys Eline , Martens Constantijn , Van Steen Charlotte , Lombaert Geert , Verstrynge Els 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate corrosion assessment plays an important role in ensuring structural safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. However, on‐site assessment of existing concrete structures presents many challenges, including high costs, limited inspection timeframes, and difficult accessibility. To facilitate inspection‐based corrosion assessment, this paper presents a novel approach by combining short‐term acoustic emission (AE) monitoring with selective crack width measurements for corrosion level (CL) assessment. AE sensing is a monitoring technique which can detect ongoing internal degradation mechanisms by analyzing ultrasonic waves emitted by the damage process. Yet, two major challenges arise on site: (1) practical limitations prevent continuous AE monitoring over the structure's entire lifetime and (2) AE can only generate relative results in the absence of reference measurements. This paper addresses both challenges to bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and on‐site monitoring of corroding RC structures. First, short periods of AE monitoring data are analyzed to investigate the potential of AE sensing over limited timeframes. Second, AE data of corroding RC beams are combined with sparse crack width measurements in order to obtain absolute CLs. The proposed methodology is experimentally validated by corroding eight beams with varying dimensions, corrosion zones, and reinforcement layouts. The experimental results prove that the estimated CLs closely match the rebar mass losses, with a mean absolute error of 1.53% CL for beams reaching up to 14% CL, confirming the potential of the combined AE and crack width measurement technique as an efficient and accurate condition assessment approach. Moreover, AE sensing provides detailed spatial variability of the rebar corrosion in the monitored zone, which is challenging to obtain with conventional techniques. By using this dual‐technique approach, shorter monitoring periods prove nearly as effective as continuous AE monitoring in accurately estimating CLs.
A theoretical insight into the adsorption behavior of organic molecules on MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Tri Nguyen Ngoc , Huong Cao Thi , Trung Nguyen Tien 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe adsorption stage is crucial in sensing performance and photoreaction on material surfaces. This study investigates volatile organic compounds (VOC) adsorption on MoS2 monolayer using first‐principle calculations. The adsorption configurations are stabilized by H···S hydrogen bonds and C/O···S intermolecular interactions. The process of molecules attached to MoS2 is evaluated as weak physical adsorption and decreases in ordering 1‐propanol > isopentane > acetone > propenal ≈ ethylamine. Besides, AIM analysis indicates that the H···S and C/O···S contacts are weak interactions and are non‐covalent in nature. The intermolecular hyper‐conjugation energy values resulting from the NBO approach determine the stronger hydrogen bonds of H···S in comparison to C/O···S interactions. Remarkably, the gas sensing response of the MoS2 monolayer for VOC molecules is observed theoretically. The sensing responses of gas molecules on the MoS2 monolayer are achieved considerably, up to 99.80% for ethylamine, 97.96% for acetone, and 18–32% for the remaining gases. The MoS2 monolayer is expected to be a suitable sensing material for VOC.
Genocide
Authors: Bolton Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe claim that Israel has, is or intends to commit genocide upon the Palestinian population across the Middle East is one of the most incendiary charges that can be made of the Jewish state. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the UN in 1948, defines genocide as “acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such.” Genocide should be distinguished from both ‘crimes against humanity’ and ‘ethnic cleansing’—the former focuses on violence against individuals as individuals rather than group identity; the latter generally refers to forced expulsion from an area, invariably accompanied by violence, but without the aim of destroying the group as such. While the founding of the State of Israel was not a direct consequence of the Holocuast, the history of Israel is necessarily entwined with that of the Shoah. This gives accusations of genocide aimed at Israel—whereby the victims (or descendants) of the most extreme genocide in history are portrayed as perpetrators—an aggravating factor which goes beyond the routine hyperbole that characterises much political discourse, particularly online.
From Science to Society: The Open Science and Innovation and Network Approach
Authors: Gutleber Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPublic investment in fundamental scientific research generates societal benefits (Mazzucato in Public Aff, 2018 [1]; Barrett et al. in Why basic science matters for economic growth. Public investment in basic research will pay for itself. International Monetary Fund Blog, 2011 [2]; Zuniga and Wunsch-Vincent in Harnessing the benefits of publicly-funded research. WIPO Magazine, 2012 [3]; Adams in Calif Manage Rev 48(1):29–51, 2005 [4]; European Physical Society in Physics and the economy. Report. Centre for Economics and Business Research, 2019 [5]). At first sight it seems counterintuitive that public funding of a curiosity driven activity that does not address immediate societal challenges or urgent needs can produce wealth and be even long-term sustainable. We are rather tempted to argue that on the contrary, only applied research and targeted investments such as for instance addressing climate change, advancing microelectronics, increasing the effectiveness of battery-based energy storage or the developments of space technologies can satisfy this criterion. It is important to engage both, public and private funds to address such challenges, but science is a key ingredient to come up with the truly disruptive solutions. The funds required to address grand challenges call for globally concerted approaches over several decades with effects that will become only visible after several generations. Funding alone will, however, not be sufficient to effectively respond to societal challenges. Looking at the private sector, it turns out that a significant share of high-tech companies are ultimately results of initial public funding for curiosity driven scientific research.
How to Measure the Local Economic Impact of Large Research Infrastructure Procurement
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo , Piazza Gabriele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile Research Infrastructure (RIs) are designed to address complex scientific questions, their capacity to generate visible economic benefits remains of fundamental importance to the countries that fund them. This chapter introduces a framework to conceptualise, identify and estimate the local economic effects of RI procurement, beyond the boundaries of RI suppliers. The evidence produced with the application of the proposed methodology can be used to showcase the potential economic returns of various RIs. This framework also underscores the importance of connections between local firms and the mediating role of local factors.
Building CERN’s Future Circular Collider—An Estimation of Its Impact on Value Added and Employment
Authors: Streicher Gerhard , Gutleber Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the potential economic and employment impacts of constructing the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a next-generation particle accelerator being developed by CERN. The FCC project aims to build upon the existing accelerator complex near Geneva, extending into the Haute-Savoie region and introducing an unparalleled research facility for the global scientific community. By integrating a high-intensity electron-positron collider and a high-energy hadron collider, the FCC is designed to push the boundaries of particle physics throughout the twenty-first century. Beyond its scientific aspirations, the project has the potential to create significant economic value through direct and indirect employment, technology transfer, and innovation spillovers across sectors. The analysis presented in this chapter examines the anticipated impacts on regional and international economies, highlighting the benefits of such a large-scale infrastructure in advancing scientific frontiers while also delivering tangible contributions to society, innovation, and employment growth. Through advanced modelling and projections, the chapter estimates the FCC’s potential to act as a catalyst for economic development, further solidifying Europe’s leadership in high-energy physics research.
Socio-economic Impact Assessment of ESA Programmes
Authors: Willekens Stephanie , Mathieu Charlotte , Peters Jakob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organisation with over 50 years of experience in the space sector. The agency is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capabilities and ensure that investment in space continuously supports the competitiveness of the European space industry and delivers benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. For this purpose, ESA has evaluated the socio-economic impact of its activities since the nineties, drawing on experience from its Member States and international bodies like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Since 2012, ESA has been consolidating its methodological approach, promoting best practices from the European Commission and the OECD. This contribution provides an overview of ESA’s socio-economic impact assessment, its methodology and several examples of indicators measuring socio-economic impact of its programmes.
Social License to Operate—A Critical Success Factor in Realising Impact from Research Infrastructure
Authors: Tiplady Adrian J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince publication of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776), modern business has been structured on one objective alone: to increase profit for its shareholders. This shareholder model is recognised in the development of a range of strategic management practices and models, such as Norton and Kaplan’s strategy maps. Equivalent models can be adopted for non-profit organisations and research infrastructures, where profit for shareholders is measured rather in terms of a value proposition being delivered to its shareholders.
The Higgs boson decay h → bs in the U(1)XSSM
Authors: Gao Song , Zhao Shu-Min , Liu Ming-Yue , Han Xing-Yu , Wang Xi , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the U(1)XSSM, we delve into the quark flavor violation of h → bs, where h is identified as the SM-like Higgs boson discovered at the LHC. As the U(1) extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the U(1)XSSM has new super fields such as right-handed neutrinos and three Higgs singlets. We conduct a thorough analysis of the underlying mechanisms and parameter dependencies of h → bs in the U(1)XSSM. In the U(1)XSSM, we discover that the Br(h → bs) for the Higgs decay to bs could significantly differ from the expectation in the standard model (SM), depending on the values of the new parameters introduced in the model. Our research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of Higgs physics within the U(1)XSSM, but also provides valuable guidance for new physics (NP).
Impact of an enhanced anti-infection prophylaxis strategy for pancreatoduodenectomy: a single centre analysis
Authors: Groß Tina , Merboth Felix , Klimowa Anna , Kahlert Christoph , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Müssle Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Surgical site infection (SSI) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a significant concern. Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis (pAP) has been tested to mitigate antibiotic resistance patterns, especially after preoperative bile duct stenting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhanced anti-infective prophylaxis (EAP) on the incidence of superficial and intraabdominal SSI.

Methods
All patients who underwent PD at a single centre between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively analysed. A control cohort of patients who received pAP with intravenous cefuroxime and metronidazole and routine intraoperative abdominal lavage according to the surgeons’ preferences. Since March 2020, pAP has been changed to piperacillin/tazobactam according to local resistance patterns and combined with routine intraoperative extended abdominal lavage (EIPL). Preoperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) has been applied routinely since Jan 2019.

Results
In total, 163 patients were included. The standard (n = 100) and EAP (n = 63) groups did not significantly differ with regard to pertinent patient and operative characteristics. In the EAP group, the rates of SSI (14% vs. 37%, p = 0.002, total rate: 28%) and urinary tract infection (24% vs. 8%, p = 0.011, total rate 18%) were significantly lower. Other septic complications were not significantly different. In addition, the risk of developing gastrointestinal bleeding and delayed gastric emptying was significantly lower in the EAP group. Multivariate analysis showed that an age > 67 years was a significant risk factor for SSI.

Conclusion
The results indicate that enhanced anti-infective prophylaxis may significantly decrease the incidence of SSI in patients after PD.
Thermal decomposition temperature-dependent bonding performance of Ag nanostructures derived from metal–organic decomposition
Authors: Wang Chuncheng , Tatsumi Hiroaki , Nishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn wide-bandgap semiconductor power device packaging, die bonding refers to attaching the die to substrate. Thereby, the process temperature of Ag sintering for the die bonding should be low to prevent damage to fragile dies. Herein, an organic-free strategy using Ag nanostructures derived from the thermal decomposition of metal–organic decomposition (MOD) was proposed to achieve low-temperature bonding. Significant effects on bonding performance were determined by the thermal decomposition temperature, which in turn determined the organic content and sintering degree of Ag nanostructures. At a low thermal decomposition temperature of 160 °C, incomplete decomposition resulted in high organic content in the Ag nanostructures, causing large pores inside the Ag joints owing to the generation of gaseous products. Owing to the Ag particles with naked surfaces and wide size distribution, the Ag nanostructure obtained at 180 °C showed an excellent bonding performance, resulting in a high shear strength of 31.1 MPa at a low bonding temperature of 160 °C. As the thermal decomposition temperature was 200 °C, sintering among Ag particles increased the particle size, resulting in a reduction of surface energy and driving force for sintering. We think that uncovering this underlying mechanism responsible for the bonding performance will promote the application of Ag MOD in the die bonding of WBG power devices.
Graphical abstract
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents
Authors: Price James H. , Khubchandani Jagdish 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have consistently exhibited suicide rates that surpass all other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. However, not much has been published regarding the epidemiology of AI/AN youth suicides. The objectives of this study on AI/AN adolescents were to assess the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors by age and gender, assess the number of years of life lost to suicide before the age of 80, and assess the most common methods used to commit suicide by AI/AN adolescents. Data utilized for this study were from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and the Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the suicide-related data from years 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021. We found AI/AN adolescents averaged one in four contemplated suicides, one in five planned suicides, and one in six attempted suicides. A total of 257 adolescents committed suicide during the study period where the majority (62.5%) were observed in males and suicides were more common in older adolescents. AI/AN adolescents had the highest crude suicide death rate of any racial or ethnic group and the most common methods used to commit suicide were suffocation (57.5%) and firearms (35.5%). AI/ AN adolescents lost almost 16,000 years of potential life during the four years of the study and the majority were lost by males. Professionals and policymakers desiring to reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among AI/AN adolescents need to focus more of their efforts on providing youths with resilience factors to establish sufficient ego strength in them to deal with all types of stressors. Concurrently, federal, state, and tribal leaders need to work together to improve the social and economic circumstances faced by many AI/AN families and children.