bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hot water extraction (HWE) of Douglas fir as a pre-process for the sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL)
Authors: Zhu Rui , Yadama Vikram 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe process named “sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose” (SPORL) is designed for the digestion of softwoods within the framework of the biorefinery concept. “Hot water extraction (HWE)” is an environmentally benign and low-cost pretreatment, which only needs water as a reagent. In the present study, HWE has been investigated as a pre-process prior to SPORL with Douglas fir as feedstock. The SPORL parameters, namely, temperature and treatment time, were in the range 135–155°C and 40–120 min, respectively, while the sulfuric acid concentration was 0.2–0.4% (v/v). The aim was to maximize the enzymatic digestibility of the treated wood. The severity of SPORL at different pretreatment conditions was characterized by the combined severity factor (CSF). The HWE pre-process led to a two-fold increase in specific surface area of the substrate. More hemicellulosic-derived simple sugars were dissolved in the spent liquor (SL) as the CSF increased from 1.23 to 1.82. A maximum enzymatic digestibility of 64.3% was attained when SPORL was conducted at 155°C for 120 min with a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.4% (v/v). A considerably high enzymatic digestibility (~55–60%) is still achievable by incorporating HWE prior to SPORL, even if the SPORL severity is reduced, namely to a lower temperature (145°C), a shorter time (80 min), and a lower acid volume (0.3% v/v).
Effect of Heat Treatment Technique on the Low Temperature Impact Toughness of Steel EQ70 for Offshore Structure
Authors: Tao Su-Fen , Xia Yun-Jin , Wang Fu-Ming , Li Jie , Fan Ding-Dong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCircle quenching and tempering (CQ&T), intercritical quenching and tempering (IQ&T) and regular quenching and tempering (Q&T) were used to study the influence of heat treatment techniques on the low temperature impact toughness of steel EQ70 for offshore structure. The steels with 2.10 wt. % Ni (steel A) and 1.47 wt. % Ni (steel B) were chosen to analyze the effect of Ni content on the low temperature impact toughness of steel EQ70 for offshore structure. The fracture morphologies were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6480LV), and microstructures etched by 4 vol. % nitric acid were observed on a type 9XB-PC optical microscope. The results show that the impact toughness of steel A is higher than that of steel B at the same test temperature and heat treatment technique. For steel B, the energy absorbed is, in descending order, CQ&T, Q&T and IQ&T, while for steel A, that is CQ&T, IQ&T and Q&T. The effects of heat treatment on the low temperature impact toughness are different for steels A and B, the absorbed energy changes more obviously for steel A. The results can be significant references for actual heat treatment techniques in steel plant.
Interarea Power System Oscillations Damping via AI-based Referential Integrity Variable-Structure Control
Authors: Ebrahim M. A. , Ramadan H. S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The design of power system stabilizer (PSS) is load-dependent and needs continuous adjustment at each operating condition. This paper aims at introducing a robust non-fragile PSS for interconnected power systems. The proposed controller has the capability of adaptively tuning online its rule-base through a variable-structure direct adaptive control algorithm in order to rigorously attain the desired objectives. The PSS controller acts on damping the electromechanical modes of oscillations not only through a wide range of operating conditions but also in presence of different disturbances. Using MATLABTM-Simulink, simulation results significantly verify that the proposed controller provides favorable performance and efficiently contributes towards enhancing the system dynamic behavior when applied to the four machines two-area power system that mimics the typical system behavior in actual operation. The interaction between the variable-structure adaptive fuzzy-based power system stabilizer (VS-AFPSS) and the existed typical ones inside the interconnected power systems has been explicitly discussed. Compared to other conventional controllers, VS-AFPSS enables better damping characteristics to both local and inter-area oscillation modes considering different operating conditions and sever disturbances.
Rethinking image schemas: Containment and Emotion in Greek Poetry
Authors: Pagán Cánovas Cristóbal 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Research on image schemas in language and cognition (containment, path, blockage, etc.) is largely based on de-contextualized linguistic expressions. This results in a view of image schemas as somehow detached from experience, constituting source domains for fixed conceptual projections from the concrete to the abstract. By showcasing creative examples of the poetics of containment throughout the long diachrony of Greek poetry, this article proposes that image schemas reflect the early attentional preferences of the human mind. These central features of image schemas are further selected for their suitability to create ad-hoc, non-perceptual meanings. Templates for conceptual integration involving image schemas also offer coherent patterns of variation, which opportunistically exploit arising connections with culture, context, and goals. Understanding the role of image schemas in meaning construction and verbal art requires the study of both the entrenched patterns and the know-how associated to their usage.
Textual properties and attentional windowing: A cognitive grammatical account of Gustav Hasford’s The Short-Timers
Authors: Esmaeili Parivash , Amjad Fazel Asadi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Deploying a cognitive grammar perspective, this paper reads Gustav Hasford’s war narrative, The Short-Timers, as displaying the way attentional windowing is reflected in the language. We have taken the methodological decision of becoming cognitively sensitized to the linguistic texture of traumatically loaded episodes, with the aim of looking at the specific linguistic choices that the producer of literary language has made, and the role played by such linguistic choices in cueing the reader’s attention toward these event frames. Specifically, we demonstrate that confluence of windowing and nesting of attention with theories of conceptual metaphor, schema, and force dynamics can yield a fuller cognitive grammatical account of the foregrounded event frames. It is observed that allocation of salience to such event frames is greatly dependent on phraseology that has a high density of metaphoric constructions.
Extended Reversible and Irreversible Thermodynamics: A Hamiltonian Approach with Application to Heat Waves
Authors: Lebon Georgy , Jou David , Grmela Miroslav 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A new version of extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) satisfying a Hamiltonian structure is proposed. For pedagogical purpose, the simple problem of linear heat conduction in a rigid body is investigated to illustrate the general framework. In contrast with earlier versions of EIT wherein the heat flux was upgraded to the status of state variables, we select here its conjugate dual and higher order fluxes as new independent variables. Their time–evolution equations are formed of reversible and irreversible terms but they cannot take any arbitrary form. Restrictions are placed on the reversible terms by imposing a Hamiltonian structure while the irreversible contribution is subject to the requirement to satisfy the second law of thermodynamics. Explicit expressions of the temperature and heat flux waves are also derived.
A 10-year experience using combined lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents
Authors: Araujo María Beatriz , Pacce María Sol 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground:Current pediatric guidelines for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) propose pharmacotherapy (PT) with statins from age 8 to 10 years; however, schemes with absorption inhibitors combined with statins, could be started earlier. The aim of the study was to show the 10-year results of a combined treatment protocol.Methods:Prospective, descriptive and analytical study. Pediatric patients (n=70; mean age at PT initiation 9.3 years [range, 2–17.5]) with HeFH who required PT between 2005 and 2015 were included. All patients ≥10 years, with LDL >190 mg/dL or >160 mg/dL with one cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) or >130 mg/dL with two or more CVRF; and those patients 5–10 years and with LDL-C >240 mg/dL or a family history of a cardiovascular event before 40 years, were medicated. After a period on a lipid-lowering diet (LLD), all patients were started on ezetimibe. Patients who did not achieve the treatment goal were given statins. The variables were: age, age at PT initiation, duration of PT, initial LDL-C, mean LDL-C during ezetimibe monodrug therapy, mean LDL-C during combined PT, and percentage of LDL decrease.Results:LDL-C levels were: Baseline: 235 mg/dL±55; after 3 months on ezetimibe: 167 mg/dL±47 (decrease: −27.62%). In 18 patients who did not reach the treatment goal atorvastatin was added and their LDL-C decreased −41.5% (p: 0.02). Overall, mean final LDL-C was 155 mg/dL±30.4 (range, 98–257) and treatment goals were reached in 74% of the patients. No severe side effects were reported.Conclusions:Combined and sequential treatment starting at early ages was shown to be safe and effective over this follow-up period.
Crystal structure of 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea, C14H11N3S2
Authors: Jambi Suhair M. S. , Al-Obaid Abdul-Rahman M. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard , Bari Ahmed 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
C14H11N3S2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 5.7607(5)Å, b = 9.8397(9) Å, c = 12.0920(11) Å, α = 72.899(4)°, β = 81.833(4)°, γ = 86.796(5)°, V = 648.40(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0295, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0797, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of di-μ-chlorido-bis[1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-κ2P,P′]zinc(II), C52H108B20Cl2P4Zn2
Authors: Xin Wang , Liguo Yang , Qianqian Gao , Yuqiang Dai 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
C52H108B20Cl2P4Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 31.783(3) Å, b = 10.0780(10) Å, c = 24.9326(19) Å, β = 109.901(2)°, V = 7509.2(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0569, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0972, T = 298 K.
Non-classical effects in proton or hydrogen transfer
Authors: Waluk Jacek 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Results of thorough investigations of tautomerism in the ground and excited electronic states performed for various organic molecules under different regimes: condensed phases, isolated and single molecules, with a special emphasis on porphycene, a porphyrin isomer, demonstrate that, in order to precisely describe the proton/hydrogen transfer path, one has to explicitly consider tunneling. Tautomerization is a multidimensional process, controlled by excitation of specific vibrational modes. Vibrational excitation can both enhance or hinder the reaction. The role of specific vibrational modes can now be assessed, even at the level of single molecules.
Association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and DNA fragmentation in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Özkılıç Anıl Çağla , Çetin Ahmet , Bayoğlu Burcu , Balcı Huriye , Cengiz Müjgan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme that regulates the metabolism of methionine and folate. MTHFR C677T polymorphism was reported to be associated with breast and ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism and homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels, and DNA fragmentation in patients with ovarian cancer and healthy controls.

Materials and methods
This case-control study was conducted in Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty. We studied 50 ovarian cancer patients and 54 healthy controls. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was determined by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA fragmentation was assessed by the comet assay. Homocysteine levels were measured by ELISA, whereas vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured by chemiluminescence methods.

Results
We found no correlation between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer. No significant difference was found in homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels between patient and control groups. Increased DNA fragmentation was detected in patients with ovarian cancer.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that MTHFR C677T polymorphism, as well as homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels, are not associated with an increased risk for ovarian cancer.
Highly Accurate Compact Difference Scheme for SPL Heat Conduction Model of General Body
Authors: Mishra T.N. , Rai K.N. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Heat transport based on SPL model is of vital importance in microtechnological applications. The heat transport equation is different from the traditional heat conduction equation due to the presence of lagging parameter. In this article, the heat transport in the general body based on SPL heat conduction model under Neumann (insulated) boundary condition is solved by high-order compact difference scheme. The solution is obtained by extending the idea of Dai for discretising Neumann (insulated) boundary condition of heat conduction to the SPL heat conduction model and avoid the need of discretising Neumann boundary conditions. The stability of the numerical scheme has been discussed and observed that the present scheme is unconditionally stable. Model is validated for the thin film of silicon and found that SPL model give the satisfactory results in the macro- and microtemporal scales and up to microspatial scale. A numerical example of particular interest has been studied and discussed in details.
Relationship Between Frequent Recreational Cannabis (Marijuana and Hashish) Use and Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2012
Authors: Shariff Jaffer A. , Ahluwalia Kavita P. , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Recreational use of cannabis, following its legalization in some countries, poses emergent oral and periodontal health concerns. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between frequent recreational cannabis (FRC) (marijuana and hashish) use and periodontitis prevalence among adults in the United States.Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2012 were analyzed. Primary outcome (periodontitis) was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology classification as well as continuous measurements of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL). Exposure of interest was self‐reported cannabis use, defined as “FRC use” versus “non‐FRC use.” Bivariate and multivariable regression models were performed using the entire analytical sample (model 1) as well as those who had never used tobacco (never‐users) (model 2).Results: Of 1,938 participants with available cannabis use data and essential covariates, 26.8% were FRC users. Mean number of sites per participant with PD ≥4, ≥6, and ≥8 mm and AL ≥3, ≥5, and ≥8 mm was significantly higher among FRC users than among non‐FRC users (mean difference in number of PD sites: 6.9, 5.6, and 5.6; P <0.05; mean difference in number of AL sites: 12.7, 7.6, and 5.6; P <0.05). Average AL was higher among FRC users than among non‐FRC users (1.8 versus 1.6 mm; P = 0.004). Bivariate analysis revealed positive (harmful) association between FRC use and severe periodontitis in the entire sample (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 2.4; P = 0.002) as well as in never‐smokers (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.5; P = 0.01). This association was retained in multivariable models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and income level), alcohol and tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, and past periodontal treatment (model 1: adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.9; P = 0.07; model 2: aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2; P = 0.03).Conclusion: FRC use is associated with deeper PDs, more clinical AL, and higher odds of having severe periodontitis.
Solid State Drives And The Sort-Merge
Authors: Haworth Dwight A. 
Published: October 2016

This paper discusses the history of the sort-merge routine and the impacts of hardware limitations on the performance of sort-merge processing. The results of comparing a single-step sort-merge with a two-step sort-merge in a hard-disk drive (HDD) environment are presented to show that a two-step sort-merge can reduce total processing time. An evaluation is made of the total transfer time of three sort-merge variations without reference to seek time or rotational delay. This evaluation prepares the statistics for application to the solid-state drive (SSD) environment, and the conclusion is that sort-merge routines that are optimized for the HDD environment are sub-optimal if applied to the SSD environment. In addition, the sizes of the work files used by the three sort-merge routines are analyzed, and it is demonstrated that sort-merge routines that are optimized for the HDD environment will generate unnecessary wear if applied to the SDD environment. Further, it is demonstrated that the key sorting routine should be preferred over the other sort-merge routines in a SSD environment.
Faktor Permintaan Non Fungsional Group Member terhadap Permintaan (Seri 1)
Authors: Putong Iskandar 
Published: October 2016

Non-functional analysis of demand factors on demand for group members are aimed to discover whether there is significant impact of non functional variable demand potential purchasing decision. 3 independent variable for the Snob Effect of X1, X2 for the bandwagon effect and X3 for the Veblen Effect and a dependent variable Y for Purchase Decision (Demand). The survey has 50 respondents and uses 21 item of a valid indicator. Analysis uses Pearson correlation model, Canonical Correlation and Hybrid intercorellation. The result of statistical analysis has proved the LOC by 95%, shows that there is significant impact between variable of X to Y in a different format (trade off or trade on). Multivariate Canonical Correlation showed that the effect of variable X to variable Y at 0,27%% whereas the effect of variable Y to variable X at 1%
Analisis Strategi Bisnis NPV, IRR, PI dan DPB pada Golden Restaurant Jakarta
Authors: Kriswanto Kriswanto 
Published: October 2016

Golden Restaurant is located in Senayan, South Jakarta. Because of intense competition and a lack of good economic growth in Indonesia, the restaurant sales dropped sharply and having some problems in operation. The measures is to do effective business strategies to improve business performance by conducting research, create a budget to analyze and predict the financial performance, and formulate an effective working capital structure. Formulation of the problem discussed is NPV and IRR of restaurant sales for the feasibility of an investment, securities of the PI and IBA restaurant on the return on investment and analysis NPV, IRR, PI and IBA on strategy formulation restaurant. From the analysis of simple direct study expected an increase in sales to 90% per year and provide a significant positive NPV and IRR of almost 20% which is higher than the original expectation of 15% and reach breakeven point within 4 to 7 years. From the results of this analysis also shows the business is sensitive to increased sales, operating expenses and cost of sales. In addition to inflation and economic conditions affect the performance of sensitive business.
Kebijakan PPN atas Jasa Pengelolaan Gedung Diselenggarakan Perhimpunan Penghuni Rumah Susun Strata Title: Studi Kasus pada Apartemen LR
Authors: Dewi Maya Safira , Aryani Winda 
Published: October 2016

Building management service that delivered by appartment tenant association is categorized as service that not imposed PPN. Subject determination PPN becoming not clear, because definition difference between this hand bill and the rules of hits honor bound party collects PPN. Though apartment tenant association LR have circulation bruto exceeds definition small entrepreneur, tenant association remain not to be obliged as taxable employers. Evaluated from PPN object also not gives rule of law because intrinsically its service included in facility understanding or amenity or rights is available to weared as understanding taxable service as the same manner as determined by section 4 UU PPN, until provisions in this handbill opposes against rule on it. Evaluated from elementary imposition PPN generates indistinctness the level of income that obtained from management fee can become elementary imposition PPN or not, because existed difference of object definition PPN between hand bill and the rules of other PPN.
Analisis Penerapan Program PKBL Berdasarkan Prinsip Umum Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Studi Kasus pada PT Waskita Karya
Authors: Panggabean Rosinta Ria , Pratiwi Ratih Nugrahati 
Published: October 2016

This research aims to analyse whether the implementation of PKBL program at PT Waskita Karya comply with general principles of CSR and Peraturan Menteri Negara BUMN No. PER-05/MBU/2007, and to know whether the implementation report of PKBL at PT Waskita Karya comply with those principles. The method used in this research is descriptive method with content analysis approach by analysing the implementation and reporting of social responsibility,. The results of this research show that PT Waskita Karya is already has done its PKBL. But the implementation did not comply with GRI Guidelines and PKBL Report is not a Social Responsibility Report mentioned in UU No. 40 Tahun 2007. The recommendations are PT Waskita Karya should fill its Working and Budget Plan in compliance with Permen BUMN No. PER-05/MBU/2007, do more various events on its Program Bina Lingkungan and learn more CSR issues in GRI Guidelines so that Program Bina Lingkungan PT Waskita Karya could be equal with CSR.
Analisis Pengaruh Green Product dan Green Advertising terhadap Keterlibatan Konsumen dan Dampaknya pada Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Laksmie Florist
Authors: Nursanti Tinjung Desy , Melisa Melisa 
Published: October 2016

Marketing-oriented concept of community not only relies on community needs, but also can bring prosperity through environmental responsibility around; in this case the product and the marketing are more environmentally friendly. Application of green products and green advertising might attract widespread public sympathy, and even requirements for operational permits, production and ease of obtaining bank credit facility or tax relief may be considered by the government that is now more incentive to campaign for the concept and implementation of policies and regulations of corporate social responsibility. The objectives of this study was to determine whether there is influence of green product and green advertising toward consumer involvement and also its impact on consumer purchasing decisions Laksmi florist company. A survey with analysis of individual consumer of Lakmi florist is conducted, while path analysis is used to determine the effect among variables. The results showed that green advertising as well as green product provide a positive and significant influence on consumer involvement that have an impact on consumer purchasing decisions of Laksmi Florist company.