bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report of severe hyponatraemia secondary to enalapril and olanzapine
Authors: Ng Yen Ping , Ooi Guat See , Balasubramanian Ganesh Pandian , Tan Winnie Sze Hui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundOlanzapine is a commonly used atypical antipsychotic in the management of schizophrenia. Its well‐known adverse effects include sedation, weight gain and metabolic adverse effects. Enalapril is widely used as an antihypertensive with the known adverse drug effect of hyperkalaemia.AimsTo report a very rare adverse effect of enalapril and olanzapine induced severe hyponatraemia.Clinical detailsA 56‐year‐old lady was admitted to the hospital suffering from severe lethargy, decreased oral intake, and a decreased level of consciousness. She had been taking olanzapine 10 mg once at night for the past one and a half years and enalapril 5 mg twice daily for the past three years. Laboratory investigations revealed a plasma sodium level of 110 mmol/L, blood osmolality of 244 mosm/kg and urine osmolality of 512 mosm/kg. A diagnosis of SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone) was made. Enalapril and olanzapine were suspected as causative agents as there was no other apparent cause of SIADH identified.OutcomePatient was treated with normal saline in the ward and her plasma sodium level rose to 130 mmol/L.ConclusionEnalapril or olanzapine induced hyponatraemia is extremely rare. However, healthcare professionals should be aware that patients being treated with enalapril or olanzapine alone or in combination can develop hyponatraemia in addition to their known metabolic adverse effects. Sodium level monitoring is necessary if patient develop symptoms suggestive of hyponatraemia.
On the identification of folium by SERS: from crude extracts to illuminated codices
Authors: Aceto Maurizio , Calà Elisa , Arrais Aldo , Clericuzio Marco , Marsano Francesco , Idone Ambra , Davit Patrizia , Menghini Luigi , Gulmini Monica 
Published: December 2016

The ancient purple dye known as folium is still a mystery for both scientists and art historians. Today, it is commonly assumed that folium was produced from the fruits of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss., a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, and efforts have been mainly devoted to highlight the analytical features of the dyes extracted from this plant, whereas detection in ancient manuscripts has been mainly based on poorly selective, non‐invasive analytical techniques. As a consequence, the possibility that the actual source for the dye could have been so far misunderstood cannot be excluded. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a highly selective and sensitive analytical technique, has been used here to characterize both extracts from C. tinctoria and a microsample taken from a medieval manuscript. The behaviour of the dyes as SERS probes has been investigated in order to set up an accurate and selective procedure for the identification of the dye in ancient artworks.By unambiguously detecting the dye by SERS in the microsample of the medieval manuscript, we also demonstrated that the purple dye mentioned in ancient treatises is definitely linked with the aqueous extract from purple fruits of C. tinctoria. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation study of a novel target oriented SPECT design using a variable pinhole collimator
Authors: Bae Seungbin , Chun Jaehee , Cha Hyemi , Yeom Jung Yeol , Lee Kisung , Lee Hakjae 
Published: December 2016

PurposeIn the past decade, demands for organ specific (target oriented) single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is increasing, and several groups have conducted studies on developing clinical dedicated SPECT with pinhole collimator to improve the spatial resolution. However, acceptance angle of the collimator cannot be adjusted to fit the different ROIs of target objects because the shape of pinhole could not be changed, and the magnifying factor cannot be maximized as the collimator‐to‐detector distance is fixed. Furthermore, those dedicated pinhole SPECTs are typically made for a single purpose and therefore possess a drawback in that it cannot be utilized for any other purpose. In this study, we propose a novel SPECT system using variable pinhole collimator (VP SPECT) whose parameters are flexible.MethodsThe proposed variable pinhole collimator is modeled on conventional pinhole by piling several tungsten layers of different apertures. Depending on the combination of the holes in each layer, a variety of hole diameters and acceptance angles of the pinhole can be made. In addition, VP SPECT system allows attaching the collimator to the object as close as possible to maximize the sensitivity and adjust the distance of the pinhole from the scintillation detector to optimize the system resolution for each rotation angle, automatically. For quantitative measurement, we compared the sensitivity and spatial resolution of VP SPECT with those of conventional pinhole SPECT. To determine the possibility of the clinical and preclinical use of proposed system, a digital mouse whole‐body (MOBY) phantom is used for simulating the live mouse model.ResultsThe result of simulation using ultra‐micro hot spot phantom shows that the sensitivity of the proposed VP SPECT system is about 297% of that of the conventional system. While hot rods of diameter 0.6 mm can be distinguished in the image with the proposed VP SPECT system, 1.2‐mm hot rods are barely discernible in the conventional pinhole SPECT image. According to the result of MOBY phantom simulation, heart walls separated by 3 mm were not distinguished in conventional pinhole SPECT images, but were clearly discerned in VP SPECT images.ConclusionsIn this study, we designed a novel pinhole collimator for SPECT and presented preliminary results of target oriented imaging with a simulation study. Currently, we are pursuing strategies to realize the proposed system, with the goal to apply the technology into a high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution preclinical SPECT. Should VP SPECT be applied to the clinical setting, we anticipate a high‐sensitivity, high‐resolution system for applications such as heart dedicated SPECT or related fields.
Updating approximate principal components with applications to template tracking
Authors: Lee Geunseop , Barlow Jesse 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAdaptive principal component analysis is prohibitively expensive when a large‐scale data matrix must be updated frequently. Therefore, we consider the truncated URV decomposition that allows faster updates to its approximation to the singular value decomposition while still producing a good enough approximation to recover principal components. Specifically, we suggest an efficient algorithm for the truncated URV decomposition when a rank 1 matrix updates the data matrix. After the algorithm development, the truncated URV decomposition is successfully applied to the template tracking problem in a video sequence proposed by Matthews et al. [IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 26:810‐815 2004], which requires computation of the principal components of the augmented image matrix at every iteration. From the template tracking experiments, we show that, in adaptive applications, the truncated URV decomposition maintains a good approximation to the principal component subspace more efficiently than other procedures.
Randomized dynamic mode decomposition for nonintrusive reduced order modelling
Authors: Bistrian Diana Alina , Navon Ionel Michael 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis paper focuses on a new framework for obtaining a nonintrusive (i.e., not requiring projecting of the governing equations onto the reduced basis modes) reduced order model for two‐dimensional fluid problems. To overcome the shortcomings of intrusive model order reduction usually derived by combining the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and the Galerkin projection methods, we developed a novel technique on the basis of randomized dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) as a fast and accurate option in model order reduction. Our approach utilizes an adaptive randomized DMD to obtain a reduced basis in the offline stage, and then the temporal values of the reduced order model are obtained in the online stage through an interpolation using radial basis functions. The rank of the reduced DMD model is given as the unique solution of a constrained optimization problem. The Saint‐Venant (shallow water) equations in a channel on the rotating earth are employed to provide the numerical data. We emphasize the excellent behavior of the nonintrusive reduced order model by performing a qualitative analysis. In addition, we gain a significantly reduction of CPU time in computation of the reduced order models compared with the classical DMD method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of pH‐responsive crosslinked materials from natural rubber and poly(4‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Sansuk Chanon , Phetrong Sopitcha , Paoprasert Peerasak 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStimuli‐responsive elastomers are smart materials for sensing applications. Natural rubber (NR) is a renewable elastomer with excellent elasticity and fatigue resistance. In this work, a straightforward method for the preparation of pH‐responsive crosslinked materials from NR and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) via free radical crosslinking reaction using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator is described. The effects of P4VP and BPO concentrations, reaction time and reaction temperature on immobilization percentage were investigated. It was found that the immobilization percentage reached 90% when using a P4VP concentration of 150 phr and a BPO concentration of 10 phr for 24 h at 90 °C. The pH responsiveness of the crosslinked materials was studied via water swelling, water contact angle and dye release measurements. Unlike unmodified rubber, the P4VP‐crosslinked NR was found to be pH‐responsive in acidic solution. Indigo carmine adsorption studies showed the Langmuir isotherm suggesting monolayer coverage of dye on the rubber surface. The dye could also be released upon increasing the pH of solution above 4. Based on these results, the introduction of pH responsiveness to NR will lead to novel responsive rubber‐based materials that can be used in biomedical and sensing applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and loss of regulatory signals by fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Brescia AnneMarie C. , Simonds Megan M. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Rose Carlos D. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe goal is to investigate the specific contribution of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) to the inflammatory milieu of the synovium in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) through detection of secreted proteins.Experimental designExpression of 89 cytokines and chemokines is determined on unprocessed synovial fluid from controls and JIA patients using antibody arrays. Supernatants from pure cell cultures of FLS grown from synovial fluids or tissues from JIA and controls are also examined for protein expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) is revealed top pathways and upstream regulators of significant proteins.ResultsProtein studies is revealed that JIA FLS release pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐17, CXCL1, and CXCL6, and lose expression of important regulator signals, such as IL‐10 and TIMP2. Of the 84 proteins differentially expressed between controls and JIA in the synovial fluid, 1/3 (29 proteins) are differentially expressed in the cell culture supernatants of JIA and control FLS. ELISA of cell culture supernatants and synovial fluid confirmed seven key proteins.Conclusion and clinical relevanceJIA FLS are central to perpetuation of inflammation in JIA, including trafficking of inflammatory cells and effects on the extracellular matrix. These cells express key disease‐specific chemokines that, with further refinement, may allow us to tailor therapy appropriately.
Levitons for electron quantum optics
Authors: Glattli D. Christian , Roulleau Preden S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSingle‐electron sources enable electron quantum optics experiments where single electrons emitted in a ballistic electronic interferometer play the role of a single photon emitted in an optical medium in quantum optics. A qualitative step has been made with the recent generation of single‐charge levitons obtained by applying Lorentzian voltage pulses on the contact of the quantum conductor. Simple to realize and operate, the source emits electrons in the form of striking minimal excitation states called levitons. We review the striking properties of levitons and their possible applications in quantum physics to electron interferometry and entanglement.Schematic generation of time‐resolved single charges called levitons using Lorentzian voltage pulses applied on a contact. A quantum point contact is used to partition the levitons for further analysis. Injecting levitons on opposite contacts with a delay enables us to probe electronic like Hong–Ou–Mandel correlations.
Pyren‐2‐yl‐Substituted Biphenoquinone and p‐Benzoquinone: Pyren‐2‐yl as a Weak Electron‐Withdrawing Substituent
Authors: Hossain Md. Awlad , Akiyama Kazuhiko , Sugiura Ken‐ichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPyren‐2‐yl‐substituted biphenoquinone and p‐benzoquinone were designed and synthesized by oxidizing 2,6‐bis(pyren‐2‐yl)phenol with PbO2 in acetic acid. The molecules showed properties characteristic of biphenoquinone and p‐benzoquinone, i. e., reduction processes and light absorption in the visible region. In electrochemistry, the positively shifted reduction potentials suggest that pyren‐2‐yl could act as an electron‐withdrawing substituent although the substitution position of the pyrene is the node of its frontier orbital. The biphenoquinone derivative underwent the thermal reductive disproportionation reaction to afford corresponding hydroquinones and furan annulated π‐expanded compounds.
Concise Review: Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells: The Known, the Unknown, and Potential Regenerative Medicine Applications
Authors: Loukogeorgakis Stavros P. , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The amniotic fluid has been identified as an untapped source of cells with broad potential, which possess immunomodulatory properties and do not have the ethical and legal limitations of embryonic stem cells. CD117(c-Kit)+ cells selected from amniotic fluid have been shown to differentiate into cell lineages representing all three embryonic germ layers without generating tumors, making them ideal candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Moreover, their ability to engraft in injured organs and modulate immune and repair responses of host tissues, suggest that transplantation of such cells may be useful for the treatment of various degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Although significant questions remain regarding the origin, heterogeneous phenotype, and expansion potential of amniotic fluid stem cells, evidence to date supports their potential role as a valuable stem cell source for the field of regenerative medicine.
New Monoclonal Antibodies to Defined Cell Surface Proteins on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: O'Brien Carmel M. , Chy Hun S. , Zhou Qi , Blumenfeld Shiri , Lambshead Jack W. , Liu Xiaodong , Kie Joshua , Capaldo Bianca D. , Chung Tung-Liang , Adams Timothy E. , Phan Tram , Bentley John D. , McKinstry William J. , Oliva Karen , McMurrick Paul J. , Wang Yu-Chieh , Rossello Fernando J. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Chen Di , Jarde Thierry , Clark Amander T. , Abud Helen E. , Visvader Jane E. , Nefzger Christian M. , Polo Jose M. , Loring Jeanne F. , Laslett Andrew L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe study and application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be enhanced by the availability of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) detecting cell-surface epitopes. Here, we report generation of seven new mAbs that detect cell surface proteins present on live and fixed human ES cells (hESCs) and human iPS cells (hiPSCs), confirming our previous prediction that these proteins were present on the cell surface of hPSCs. The mAbs all show a high correlation with POU5F1 (OCT4) expression and other hPSC surface markers (TRA-160 and SSEA-4) in hPSC cultures and detect rare OCT4 positive cells in differentiated cell cultures. These mAbs are immunoreactive to cell surface protein epitopes on both primed and naive state hPSCs, providing useful research tools to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying human pluripotency and states of cellular reprogramming. In addition, we report that subsets of the seven new mAbs are also immunoreactive to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), normal human breast subsets and both normal and tumorigenic colorectal cell populations. The mAbs reported here should accelerate the investigation of the nature of pluripotency, and enable development of robust cell separation and tracing technologies to enrich or deplete for hPSCs and other human stem and somatic cell types.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL2 Mediates Notch and Kit Signals in Early T Cell Progenitors
Authors: Kobayashi Michihiro , Nabinger Sarah C. , Bai Yunpeng , Yoshimoto Momoko , Gao Rui , Chen Sisi , Yao Chonghua , Dong Yuanshu , Zhang Lujuan , Rodriguez Sonia , Yashiro-Ohtani Yumi , Pear Warren S. , Carlesso Nadia , Yoder Mervin C. , Kapur Reuben , Kaplan Mark H. , Daniel Lacorazza Hugo , Zhang Zhong-Yin , Liu Yan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe molecular pathways regulating lymphoid priming, fate, and development of multipotent bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that continuously feed thymic progenitors remain largely unknown. While Notch signal is indispensable for T cell specification and differentiation, the downstream effectors are not well understood. PRL2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and self-renewal, is highly expressed in murine thymocyte progenitors. Here we demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL2 and receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit are critical downstream targets and effectors of the canonical Notch/RBPJ pathway in early T cell progenitors. While PRL2 deficiency resulted in moderate defects of thymopoiesis in the steady state, de novo generation of T cells from Prl2 null hematopoietic stem cells was significantly reduced following transplantation. Prl2 null HSPCs also showed impaired T cell differentiation in vitro. We found that Notch/RBPJ signaling upregulated PRL2 as well as c-Kit expression in T cell progenitors. Further, PRL2 sustains Notch-mediated c-Kit expression and enhances stem cell factor/c-Kit signaling in T cell progenitors, promoting effective DN1-DN2 transition. Thus, we have identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in mediating Notch and c-Kit signals in early T cell progenitors.
Local control: authority, resistance, and knowledge production in fracking
Authors: Valencia Cristobal , Carrillo Martinet Maceo 
Published: December 2016

In this article, we review recent scholarship on fracking vis‐à‐vis the crosscutting problems of authority, resistance, and knowledge production. A focus on the sociocultural context within which hydraulic fracturing occurs and is made sense of in the United States provides us an opportunity to show gaps in understandings and propose further research to address them. Additionally, our focus on the US context demonstrates the importance of the historically particular and place‐specific nature of resource extraction for understanding fracking as a social process. We argue that factors such as race, history, and colonialism are mobilized or obscured differently by scholars and local actors in order to establish and contest power as well as produce knowledge about fracking. Finally, we are interested in how to make better conceptual use of the future and emerging local debates amongst frontline actors. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1197. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1197This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Inside Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 1
Authors: Fontana Flavia , Liu Dongfei , Hirvonen Jouni , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: December 2016

image
The inside cover image, by Hélder Santos et al., is based on the Overview Delivery of therapeutics with nanoparticles: what's new in cancer immunotherapy?, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1421.
Fungal variegatic acid and extracellular polysaccharides promote the site-specific generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Mahaney James , Jellison Jody , Cao Jinzhen , Gressler Julia , Hoffmeister Dirk , Goodell Barry 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study aims to clarify the role of variegatic acid (VA) in fungal attack by Serpula lacrymans, and also the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the fungus. VA promotes a mediated Fenton reaction to generated ROS after oxalate solubilizes oxidized forms of iron. The fungal extracellular matrix (ECM) β-glucan scavenged ROS, and we propose this as a mechanism to protect the fungal hyphae while ROS generation is promoted to deconstruct the lignocellulose cell wall. A relatively high pH (4.4) also favored Fe(III) transfer from oxalate to VA as opposed to a lower pH (2.2) conditions, suggesting a pH-dependent Fe(III) transfer to VA employed by S. lacrymans. This permits ROS generation within the higher pH of the cell wall, while limiting ROS production near the fungal hyphae, while β-glucan from the fungal ECM scavenges ROS in the more acidic environments surrounding the fungal hyphae.
A comparative study of glycerol and sorbitol as co-substrates in methanol-induced cultures of Pichia pastoris: temperature effect and scale-up simulation
Authors: Berrios Julio , Flores María-Olga , Díaz-Barrera Alvaro , Altamirano Claudia , Martínez Irene , Cabrera Zaida 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins by Pichia pastoris under AOX1 promoter is usually performed using methanol together with either glycerol or sorbitol as co-substrate. Although both co-substrates have been widely used, comparative studies are scarce. In addition, these comparisons have been performed at different specific growth rate (µ) that it is well known that has an important effect on productivity. Thus, the effect of using these co-substrates on the production of Rhyzopus oryzae lipase (ROL) by P. pastoris was compared in continuous cultures growing at the same µ at either 22 or 30 °C. Results show that using glycerol as co-substrate led to higher volumetric productivities, and lower specific and volumetric methanol consumption rates. Scale-up simulation with 10–10,000 L bioreactor sizes indicated that glycerol produced the highest volumetric productivity of ROL with lower aeration requirements. Therefore, glycerol rises as a better option than sorbitol in ROL production.
A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Decision‐Making after Prenatal Diagnosis of down Syndrome
Authors: Reed Amy R. , Berrier Kathryn L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrevious research has identified twenty‐six factors that may affect pregnancy management decisions following prenatal diagnosis of DS; however, there is no consensus about the relative importance or effects of these factors. In order to better understand patient decision‐making, we conducted expansive cognitive interviews with nine former patients who received a prenatal diagnosis of DS. Our results suggest that patients attached unique meanings to factors influencing decision‐making regardless of the pregnancy outcome. Nineteen of the twenty‐six factors previously studied and four novel factors (rationale for testing, information quality, pregnancy experience, and perception of parenting abilities and goals) were found to be important to decision‐making. We argue that qualitative studies can help characterize the complexity of decision‐making following prenatal diagnosis of DS.