bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Single Stent-Assisted Coiling in Treatment of Bifurcation Aneurysms: A Multicenter Cohort Study With Proposal of a Scoring System to Predict Complete Occlusion
Authors: Adeeb Nimer , Griessenauer Christoph J , Patel Apar S , Foreman Paul M , Baccin Carlos E , Moore Justin M , Gupta Raghav , Alturki Abdulrahman , Harrigan Mark R , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith J 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The development of stent-assisted coiling has allowed for the endovascular treatment of wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. A variety of options exist, and little is known about the optimal stent configuration in this setting. We report a large multicenter experience of stent-assisted coiling of bifurcations aneurysms using a single stent, with attention to factors predisposing to aneurysm recanalization.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety and efficacy of single stent-assisted coiling, in addition to analyzing the factors associated with recanalization, and proposal of a predictive scoring scale.

METHODS
A multicenter retrospective analysis of bifurcation aneurysms treated with a single stent-assisted coiling technique between 2007 and 2015 was performed. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and used to develop a scoring system to predict aneurysm occlusion.

RESULTS
A total of 74 bifurcation aneurysms were treated with single stent-assisted coiling. At a median follow-up of 15.2 mo, complete occlusion or remnant neck was achieved in 90.6% of aneurysms. Aneurysm location, maximal diameter, neck size, and alpha angle were predictive of aneurysm occlusion at last follow-up. A scoring system to predict complete occlusion based on these factors was developed. An increasing score correlated with a higher rate of complete occlusion.

CONCLUSION
The treatment of bifurcation aneurysm using single stent technique for stent-assisted coiling is safe and effective. Complete occlusion or remnant neck occlusion was achieved in 90.6% of cases. Class III aneurysms can be effectively treated using a single stent, while class I may require Y-stent technique.
Documentary Archaeology
Authors: Beaudry Mary C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDocumentary archaeology involves a process that is begun afresh for each archaeological site or research project: that of ‘constructing the archive’ through integrating differing lines of evidence. For historical archaeologists, the archive includes written records, oral traditions, and material culture; often elements of the archive provide overlapping, conflicting, or entirely different insights into the past, requiring resolution and integration because of differences in scale, completeness, representativeness, temporal resolution, and lack of correspondence. This chapter explores how historical archaeologists use and analyse textual sources in writing archaeological narratives and considers the intertextuality of sources by analysing contrasting examples of success and of failure in attempts to establish a dialogue between above-ground and below-ground evidence.
Historical Change and the Competitive Advantage of Firms
Authors: Wadhwani R. Daniel , Jones Geoffrey 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This chapter aims to deepen the scholarly dialogue between strategy and history. It does so by examining how historical models of change can contribute to theory and research on the competitive advantage of firms during periods of rapid innovation. Focusing on the dynamic capabilities framework, it shows how three models of historical change—evolutionary, dialectical, and constitutive—can be used to extend theory and deepen research about the origins, context, and micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities. We show how each model of historical change shaped the intellectual development of the dynamic capabilities framework, point to historical research that illustrates these processes, and discuss the methodological and conceptual implications for future research. We conclude by suggesting that recognizing and building on these historical models of change can provide a common conceptual language for a deeper dialogue between historians and strategy researchers.
Reliance Upon a Toxic Staple Crop
Authors: Wilson Warren , Dufour Darna L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn Amazonia most indigenous horticulturists prefer to cultivate the more toxic forms of manioc as a staple crop, despite the increased processing required to render them safe for consumption. This phenomenon has long intrigued anthropologists. In this chapter we describe the agricultural practices of the Tukanoan Indians in the North-west Amazon and explore their reliance on toxic varieties of manioc from agronomic, ecological, organoleptic, and ethnographic perspectives. Our findings indicate that the puzzling preference for a toxic staple crop may be explained by the higher yields produced by the more toxic forms, and also that the most salient factor in variety selection by Tukanoan women is the food into which the roots will be made. This suggests a multifaceted explanation. Moreover, we propose that present-day lack of concern about yield is a recent luxury due to artificial selection of sufficiently high-yielding manioc varieties during the development of this crop.
Ethiopic
Authors: Haile Getatchew 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Ethiopia’s indirect relation to the Roman Empire justifies the inclusion of an article on its literature in this handbook. The country was one of the dioceses of the Alexandrian Church, which, in turn, was part of the Roman Empire until the Arabs conquered it in 642 ce. With this in mind, the article discusses two types of literature: epigraphs in Sabaic, Greek, and Gǝ‛ǝz languages, most of which were created before Christianity was introduced into Ethiopia in the fourth century, and Christian literature created in the Gǝ‛ǝz language and written on parchment. This second type is basically a translation from Greek sources from the Coptic Church of Alexandria. Most of the locally composed texts, which are also religious in nature, are sermons by Copts who came as metropolitans of the Aksumite Church.
COMBINED PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND SCLERAL FIXATION OF AN INTRAOCULAR LENS USING GORE-TEX SUTURE
Authors: Khan M. Ali , Samara Wasim A. , Gerstenblith Adam T. , Chiang Allen , Mehta Sonia , Garg Sunir J. , Hsu Jason , Gupta Omesh P. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To report the 1-year clinical outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and ab externo scleral fixation of an intraocular lens using Gore-Tex suture.

Methods:
Retrospective, interventional case series. Outcome measures were change in visual acuity and occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications with minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results:
Eighty-four eyes of 83 patients were identified. The mean best available visual acuity improved from 20/782 preoperatively to 20/65 postoperatively (P < 0.001). The mean follow-up was 598 ± 183 days (median 533 days, range 365–1,323 days). There were no intraoperative complications noted. A Bausch & Lomb Akreos AO60 intraocular lens was implanted in 77 eyes and an Alcon CZ70BD in 7 eyes. Postoperative complications included transient vitreous hemorrhage in six eyes (7.1%), cystoid macular edema in four eyes (4.8%), ocular hypertension in three eyes (3.6%), hyphema in two eyes (2.4%), and transient corneal edema in two eyes (2.4%). There were no cases of postoperative endophthalmitis, suture erosion/breakage, hypotony, retinal detachment, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, choroidal detachment, uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome, or persistent postoperative inflammation during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Combined pars plana vitrectomy and ab externo scleral fixation of an intraocular lens with Gore-Tex suture was well tolerated at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. No suture-related complications were encountered.
Can the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 Score on Day 1 Be Used in Clinical Criteria for Sepsis in Children?*
Authors: Leclerc Francis , Duhamel Alain , Deken Valérie , Grandbastien Bruno , Leteurtre Stéphane 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
A recent task force has proposed the use of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment in clinical criteria for sepsis in adults. We sought to evaluate the predictive validity for PICU mortality of the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 and of the “quick” Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 scores on day 1 in children with suspected infection.

Design:
Secondary analysis of the database used for the development and validation of the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2.

Settings:
Nine university-affiliated PICUs in Europe.

Patients:
Only children with hypotension—low systolic blood pressure or low mean blood pressure using age-adapted cutoffs—and lactatemia greater than 2 mmol/L were considered in shock.

Measurements and Main Results:
We developed the quick Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score on day 1 including tachycardia, hypotension, and altered mentation (Glasgow < 11): one point for each variable (range, 0–3). Outcome was mortality at PICU discharge. Discrimination (Area under receiver operating characteristic curve-95% CI) and calibration (goodness of fit test) of the scores were studied. This study included 862 children with suspected infection (median age: 12.3 mo; mortality: n = 60 [7.0%]). Area under the curve of the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score on day 1 was 0.91 (0.86–0.96) in children with suspected infection, 0.88 (0.79–0.96) in those with low systolic blood pressure and hyperlactatemia, and 0.91 (0.85–0.97) in those with low mean blood pressure and hyperlactatemia; calibration p value was 0.03, 0.36, and 0.49, respectively. A Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score on day 1 greater than or equal to 8 reflected an overall risk of mortality greater than or equal to 9.3% in children with suspected infection. Area under the curve of the quick Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score on day 1 was 0.82 (0.76–0.87) with systolic blood pressure or mean blood pressure; calibration p value was 0.89 and 0.72, respectively. A score greater than or equal to 2 reflected a mortality risk greater than or equal to 19.8% with systolic blood pressure and greater than or equal to 15.9% with mean blood pressure.

Conclusion:
Among children admitted to PICU with suspected infection, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score on day 1 was highly predictive of PICU mortality suggesting its use to standardize definitions and diagnostic criteria of pediatric sepsis. Further studies are needed to determine the usefulness of the quick Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score on day 1 outside of the PICU.
Impact of an Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment Pathway on Hospital Length of Stay: A Retrospective Observational Study Comparing Pre and Post Pathway Implementation
Authors: MUZYK ANDREW J. , ROGERS RACHEL E. , DIGHE GARY , HARTUNG JESSICA , MUSSER ROBERT C. , STILLWAGON MARY J. , RIVELLI SARAH 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To determine if the implementation of a hospital-specific alcohol withdrawal treatment pathway used in a medical-surgical patient population decreased hospital length of stay (LOS) compared with the standard of care.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study, conducted in a large academic tertiary care hospital, involved 582 subjects who met criteria for study inclusion, with 275 subjects in the 2010 cohort and 307 in the 2012 cohort. The Alcohol Withdrawal Project Team was formed with the goal of creating a standardized approach to the recognition and treatment of alcohol withdrawal at Duke University Hospital. The group created a computerized physician order entry alcohol withdrawal treatment pathway with 4 possible treatment paths chosen on the basis of current withdrawal symptoms, vital signs, and alcohol withdrawal history. The 4 treatment paths are 1 prophylaxis; 2 mild-to-moderate withdrawal; 3 moderate-to-severe withdrawal, and 4 severe withdrawal/alcohol withdrawal delirium. Each treatment path corresponds to a different lorazepam dose and dose schedule and symptom assessment. This pathway was implemented in the hospital at the end of 2011.

Results:
Using a Cox proportional hazards model and adjusting for covariates, there was a 1 day [95% confidence interval (CI), 1-2 d] reduction in median hospital LOS between the 2010 and 2012 cohorts, 5 versus 4 days, respectively. The average ratio in hospital LOS between the 2 cohorts was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.25-1.67). The CI was estimated by bootstrapping and indicated a significantly longer LOS in the 2010 cohort compared with the 2012 cohort. Nonsignificant changes were found in the proportion of subjects admitted to the intensive care unit (24% in 2010 vs. 29.3% in 2012), LOS in the intensive care unit (7.1±8 d in 2010 vs. 5.6±6.9 d in 2012), and proportion of patients discharged with a diagnosis of delirium tremens (17.8% in 2010 vs. 15.3% in 2012).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the successful implementation of an alcohol withdrawal treatment pathway in a medical-surgical population hospitalized in a large tertiary care facility with significant impact on hospital LOS.
The Prognostic Value of Central Venous-to-Arterial CO2 Difference/Arterial-Central Venous O2 Difference Ratio in Septic Shock Patients with Central Venous O2 Saturation ≥80%
Authors: He Huaiwu , Long Yun , Liu Dawei , Wang Xiaoting , Tang Bo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
It is a great challenge for physician to assess the relationship between O2 delivery and O2 consumption in septic shock patients with high ScvO2. Recently, the venous-to-arterial CO2 difference/arterial-central venous O2 difference ratio (P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2) has shown potential for reflecting anaerobic metabolism. Therefore, we evaluated the value of using the P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio to predict mortality and assess anaerobic metabolism in septic shock patients with high ScvO2 (≥ 80%).

Methods:
This was a clinical investigation of septic shock patients on the P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio in the intensive care unit (ICU) department. The patients’ arterial and central venous blood gas levels were measured simultaneously at enrollment (T0) and 24 h (T24) after resuscitation.

Results:
A total of 61 patients with high ScvO2 at T24 after resuscitation were selected for analysis. The ICU mortality rate in the septic shock patients was 20% (12/61). The nonsurvivors had a significantly higher P(v-a)CO2, P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v) O2 ratio, arterial lactate level and lower lactate clearance at T24 after resuscitation. The P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio had the biggest the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) for predicting ICU mortality. For predicting ICU mortality, a threshold of P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio ≥1.6 was associated with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 63%. Multivariate analysis showed P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio at both T0 (RR 5.597, P = 0.024) and T24 (RR 5.812, P = 0.031) was an independent predictor of ICU mortality. Including the ratio into the regression model showed a bigger AUC than without the ratio (0.886 vs. 0.833).

Conclusions:
The P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio is an independent predictor of ICU mortality in septic shock patients with high ScvO2 after resuscitation. It is worthy of consideration to recruit microcirculation to correct the high ratio in high ScvO2 case.
Validity of Forced Eyelid Closure Test: A Novel Clinical Screening Test for Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Apinyawasisuk Supanut , Zhou Xinkai , Tian Jack J. , Garcia Giancarlo A. , Karanjia Rustum , Sadun Alfredo A. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Forced eyelid closure test (FECT) is a clinical screening test developed from the original Cogan lid twitch (CLT) sign to assist in the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of FECT compared with CLT and benchmarked to standard diagnostic tests.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective chart review of 48 patients using electronic medical records of those that presented with ptosis and/or diplopia at Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles between February 2015 and April 2016. Patients without FECT testing were excluded. FECT and CLT results, and final diagnosis were recorded. To perform FECT, the patient was asked to squeeze his or her eyelids shut for 5–10 seconds then open quickly and fixate in primary position. The excessive upward overshoot of eyelids movement indicated a positive FECT. The test was performed by a neuro-ophthalmologist before establishing the diagnosis. Patients who had equivocal test results and/or inconclusive final diagnosis were excluded.

Results:
Of the 48 patients studied, 18 patients (37.5%) had positive FECT; 15 of whom had a final diagnosis of OMG (83.3%). Of the 30 patients with negative FECT, 1 had OMG (3.3%). Of the 48 patients, 35 patients also had a documented CLT result (72.9%). CLT was positive in 11 of these 35 patients (31.4%), and 9 of these 11 had OMG (81.8%). Of the 24 patients with negative CLT, 2 of them had OMG (8.3%). Sensitivity and specificity of FECT were 94% and 91% (joint 95% confidence region: sensitivity × specificity = [0.70, 1] × [0.75, 1]). The relative true-positive fraction (rTPF) between FECT and CLT was 1.15; the relative false-positive fraction was 1.31.

Conclusions:
FECT is a simple clinical screening test with good sensitivity and specificity for OMG.
Targeting xCT-mediated glutamate release normalizes tumor angiogenesis in the brain
Authors: Fan Zheng , Broggini Thomas , Yakubov Eduard , Sehm Tina , Schürmann Sebastian , Meyer Eric P. , Stankovic Nevenka Dudvarski , Schmidt Mirko HH. , Stampanoni Marco , Czabanka Marcus A. , Nitsch Robert , Buchfelder Michael , Friedrich Oliver , Eyupoglu Ilker Y. , Savaskan Nicolai E. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBrain tumors are among the most malignant primary tumors, hallmarked by angiogenesis, neuronal destruction and brain swelling. Inhibition of the glutamate-cystein antiporter xCT (system xc−/SLC7A11) alleviates seizures, neuronal cell death and tumor-associated brain edema. Here we show enhanced tumor vessel growth and increased brain edema in xCT-expressing brain tumors. Furthermore, xCT-mediated glutamate impacts directly on endothelial cells in an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent manner with intracellular Ca2+release. Cerebral intravital microscopy revealed that xCT-driven tumor vessels are functional and display increased permeability. Endothelial-cell-specific NMDAR1 knockout mice (GRINiΔEC) show suppressed endothelial sprouting and vascular density compared to control littermates. In addition, implanted gliomas in GRINiΔECmice display reduced tumor vessels in contrast to gliomas in wildtype animals. Moreover, therapeutic targeting of xCT in gliomas alleviates tumor angiogenesis to normalized levels comparable to controls. Our data reveal that xCT and its substrate glutamate specifically operate on endothelial cells and promote neoangiogenesis. Thus, targeting xCT expression and glutamate secretion in gliomas provides a novel therapeutic roadmap for normalizing tumor angiogenesis.
ORGANOID AND TISSUE PATTERNING THROUGH PHASE SEPARATION: USE OF A VERTEX MODEL TO RELATE DYNAMICS OF PATTERNING TO UNDERLYING BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Waites William , Cavaliere Matteo , Cachat Élise , Danos Vincent , Davies Jamie A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExactly a century ago, D’Arcy Thompson set an agenda for understanding tissue development in terms of underlying biophysical, mathematically-tractable mechanisms. One such mechanism, discovered by Steinberg in the 1960s, is adhesion-mediated sorting of cell mixtures into homotypic groups. Interest in this phase separation mechanism has recently surged, partly because of its use to create synthetic biological patterning mechanisms and partly because it has been found to drive events critical to the formation of organoids from stem cells, making the process relevant to biotechnology as well as to basic development. Here, we construct quantitative model of patterning by phase separation, informed by laboratory data, and use it to explore the relationship between degree of adhesive difference and speed, type and extent of resultant patterning. Our results can be used three ways; to predict the outcome of mix-ing cells with known properties, to estimate the properties required to make some designed organoid system, or to estimate underlying cellular properties from observed behaviour.
Diversity of biocrust-forming cyanobacteria in a semiarid gypsiferous site from Central Spain
Authors: Cano-Díaz Concha , Mateo Pilar , Ángeles Muñoz M. , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCyanobacteria are an important constituent of biocrusts, communities dominated by lichens, mosses and associated microorganisms, which are prevalent in drylands worldwide and that largely determine their functioning. Despite their importance, there are large gaps in our knowledge of cyanobacteria associated to biocrusts, particularly in areas such as the Mediterranean Basin. We studied the diversity of these cyanobacteria in a gypsiferous grassland from Central Spain using both morphological identification after cultivation and genetic analyses with the 16S rRNA gene. Eight different morphotypes were observed, most of them corresponding to filamentous and one of them to unicellular cyanobacteria. We found cyanobacterial genera typical of biocrust communities, such asMicrocoleus,SchizothrixorTolypothrix, and N-fixing cyanobacteria asScytonemaorNostoc. Genetic information allowed us to identify cultures belonging to recently described genera such asRoholtiella,NodosilineaandMojavia. In this study we describe two new phylotypes ofMicrocoleusandScytonema, which are key genera contributing to ecosystem functioning in biocrust-dominated ecosystems worldwide.
The Evolution of Small-RNA-Mediated Silencing of an Invading Transposable Element
Authors: Kelleher Erin S. , Azevedo Ricardo B. R. , Zheng Yichen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that impose fitness costs on their hosts by producing deleterious mutations and disrupting gametogenesis. Host genomes avoid these costs by regulating TE activity, particularly in germline cells where new insertions are heritable and TEs are exceptionally active. However, the capacity of different TE-associated fitness costs to select for repression in the host, and the role of selection in the evolution of TE regulation more generally, remain controversial. In this study, we use forward, individual-based simulations to examine the evolution of small-RNA-mediated TE regulation, a conserved mechanism for TE repression that is employed by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To design and parameterize a biologically realistic model, we drew on an extensive survey of empirical studies of the transposition and regulation ofP-element DNA transposons inDrosophila melanogaster. We observed that even under conservative assumptions, where small-RNA-mediated regulation reduces transposition only, repression evolves rapidly and adaptively after the genome is invaded by a new TE. We further show that the spread of repressor alleles is greatly enhanced by two additional TE-imposed fitness costs: dysgenic sterility and ectopic recombination. Finally, we demonstrate that the mutation rate to repression (i.e., the size of the mutational target) is a critical parameter that influences both the evolutionary trajectory of host repression and the associated proliferation of TEs after invasion. Our findings suggest that adaptive evolution of TE regulation may be stronger and more prevalent than previously appreciated, and provide a framework for evaluating empirical data.