bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy expenditure estimation from respiration variables
Authors: Gilgen-Ammann Rahel , Koller Marcel , Huber Céline , Ahola Riikka , Korhonen Topi , Wyss Thomas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate two models to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) based on respiration variables in healthy subjects during daily physical activities. Ninety-nine male and female subjects systematically varying in age (18–60 years) and body mass index (BMI; 17–36 kg*m−2) completed eleven aerobic activities with a portable spirometer as the criterion measure. Two models were developed using linear regression analyses with the data from 67 randomly selected subjects (50.0% female, 39.9 ± 11.8 years, 25.1 ± 5.2 kg*m−2). The models were cross-validated with the other 32 subjects (49% female, 40.4 ± 10.7 years, 24.7 ± 4.6 kg*m−2) by applying equivalence testing and Bland-and-Altman analyses. Model 1, estimating TEE based solely on respiratory volume, respiratory rate, and age, was significantly equivalent to the measured TEE with a systematic bias of 0.06 kJ*min−1 (0.22%) and limits of agreement of ±6.83 kJ*min−1. Model 1 was as accurate in estimating TEE as Model 2, which incorporated further information on activity categories, heart rate, sex, and BMI. The results demonstrated that respiration variables and age can be used to accurately determine daily TEE for different types of aerobic activities in healthy adults across a broad range of ages and body sizes.
Phospholipase A2-Responsive Phosphate Micelle-Loaded UCNPs for Bioimaging of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Sharipov Mirkomil , Tawfik Salah M. , Gerelkhuu Zayakhuu , Huy Bui The , Lee Yong-Ill 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report the effective synthesis of biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP)-loaded phosphate micelles and successful delivery of UCNPs to prostate cancer cells via secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA-2) enzyme cleavage of the loaded micelles for the first time. The activity of the (sPLA-2) enzyme toward the synthesized micelles was investigated and confirmed by LC-MS. TEM results showed that the micelles have a size distribution of 80 to 150 nm, whereas UCNP-loaded micelles range from 200 to 350 nm, indicating the successful loading of UCNPs. The selective release of UCNPs to prostate cancer cells rather than other cells, specifically cervical cancer cells, was observed and confirmed by a range of bioimaging studies. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the UCNP-loaded micelles.
Metformin transiently inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation as a result of either AMPK activation or increased ROS production
Authors: Mogavero Angela , Maiorana Maria Valeria , Zanutto Susanna , Varinelli Luca , Bozzi Fabio , Belfiore Antonino , Volpi Chiara C. , Gloghini Annunziata , Pierotti Marco A. , Gariboldi Manuela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetformin is a widely used and well-tolerated anti-diabetic drug that can reduce cancer risk and improve the prognosis of certain malignancies. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-cancer effect is still unclear. We studied the anti-cancer activity of metformin on colorectal cancer (CRC) by using the drug to treat HT29, HCT116 and HCT116 p53−/− CRC cells. Metformin reduced cell proliferation and migration by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. This was accompanied by a sharp decrease in the expression of c-Myc and down-regulation of IGF1R. The anti-proliferative action of metformin was mediated by two different mechanisms: AMPK activation and increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, which suppressed the mTOR pathway and its downstream targets S6 and 4EBP1. A reduction in CD44 and LGR5 expression suggested that the drug had an effect on tumour cells with stem characteristics. However, a colony formation assay showed that metformin slowed the cells’ ability to form colonies without arresting cell growth, as confirmed by absence of apoptosis, autophagy or senescence. Our finding that metformin only transiently arrests CRC cell growth suggests that efforts should be made to identify compounds that combined with the biguanide can act synergistically to induce cell death.
Use of cues in virtual reality depends on visual feedback
Authors: Fulvio Jacqueline M. , Rokers Bas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract3D motion perception is of central importance to daily life. However, when tested in laboratory settings, sensitivity to 3D motion signals is found to be poor, leading to the view that heuristics and prior assumptions are critical for 3D motion perception. Here we explore an alternative: sensitivity to 3D motion signals is context-dependent and must be learned based on explicit visual feedback in novel environments. The need for action-contingent visual feedback is well-established in the developmental literature. For example, young kittens that are passively moved through an environment, but unable to move through it themselves, fail to develop accurate depth perception. We find that these principles also obtain in adult human perception. Observers that do not experience visual consequences of their actions fail to develop accurate 3D motion perception in a virtual reality environment, even after prolonged exposure. By contrast, observers that experience the consequences of their actions improve performance based on available sensory cues to 3D motion. Specifically, we find that observers learn to exploit the small motion parallax cues provided by head jitter. Our findings advance understanding of human 3D motion processing and form a foundation for future study of perception in virtual and natural 3D environments.
Mott transition in chain structure of strained VO2 films revealed by coherent phonons
Authors: Slusar Tetiana V. , Cho Jin-Cheol , Lee Hyang-Rok , Kim Ji-Wan , Yoo Seung Jo , Bigot Jean-Yves , Yee Ki-Ju , Kim Hyun-Tak 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe characteristic of strongly correlated materials is the Mott transition between metal and insulator (MIT or IMT) in the same crystalline structure, indicating the presence of a gap formed by the Coulomb interaction between carriers. The physics of the transition needs to be revealed. Using VO2, as a model material, we observe the emergence of a metallic chain in the intermediate insulating monoclinic structure (M2 phase) of epitaxial strained films, proving the Mott transition involving the breakdown of the critical Coulomb interaction. It is revealed by measuring the temperature dynamics of coherent optical phonons with separated vibrational modes originated from two substructures in M2: one is the charge-density-wave, formed by electron-phonon (e-ph) interaction, and the other is the equally spaced insulator-chain with electron-electron (e-e) correlations.
Heterolytic Splitting of Molecular Hydrogen by Frustrated and Classical Lewis Pairs: A Unified Reactivity Concept
Authors: Skara Gabriella , De Vleeschouwer Freija , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank , Pinter Balazs 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing a set of state-of-the-art quantum chemical techniques we scrutinized the characteristically different reactivity of frustrated and classical Lewis pairs towards molecular hydrogen. The mechanisms and reaction profiles computed for the H2 splitting reaction of various Lewis pairs are in good agreement with the experimentally observed feasibility of H2 activation. More importantly, the analysis of activation parameters unambiguously revealed the existence of two reaction pathways through a low-energy and a high-energy transition state. An exhaustive scrutiny of these transition states, including their stability, geometry and electronic structure, reflects that the electronic rearrangement in low-energy transition states is fundamentally different from that of high-energy transition states. Our findings reveal that the widespread consensus mechanism of H2 splitting characterizes activation processes corresponding to high-energy transition states and, accordingly, is not operative for H2-activating systems. One of the criteria of H2-activation, actually, is the availability of a low-energy transition state that represents a different H2 splitting mechanism, in which the electrostatic field generated in the cavity of Lewis pair plays a critical role: to induce a strong polarization of H2 that facilities an efficient end-on acid-H2 interaction and to stabilize the charge separated “H+–H−” moiety in the transition state.
Specification of murine ground state pluripotent stem cells to regional neuronal populations
Authors: Alsanie Walaa F. , Niclis Jonathan C. , Hunt Cameron P. , De Luzy Isabelle R. , Penna Vanessa , Bye Christopher R. , Pouton Colin W. , Haynes John , Firas Jaber , Thompson Lachlan H. , Parish Clare L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a valuable tool for interrogating development, disease modelling, drug discovery and transplantation. Despite the burgeoned capability to fate restrict human PSCs to specific neural lineages, comparative protocols for mouse PSCs have not similarly advanced. Mouse protocols fail to recapitulate neural development, consequently yielding highly heterogeneous populations, yet mouse PSCs remain a valuable scientific tool as differentiation is rapid, cost effective and an extensive repertoire of transgenic lines provides an invaluable resource for understanding biology. Here we developed protocols for neural fate restriction of mouse PSCs, using knowledge of embryonic development and recent progress with human equivalents. These methodologies rely upon naïve ground-state PSCs temporarily transitioning through LIF-responsive stage prior to neural induction and rapid exposure to regional morphogens. Neural subtypes generated included those of the dorsal forebrain, ventral forebrain, ventral midbrain and hindbrain. This rapid specification, without feeder layers or embryoid-body formation, resulted in high proportions of correctly specified progenitors and neurons with robust reproducibility. These generated neural progenitors/neurons will provide a valuable resource to further understand development, as well disorders affecting specific neuronal subpopulations.
Click chemistry-based tracking reveals putative cell wall-located auxin binding sites in expanding cells
Authors: Mravec Jozef , Kračun Stjepan K. , Zemlyanskaya Elena , Rydahl Maja G. , Guo Xiaoyuan , Pičmanová Martina , Sørensen Kasper K. , Růžička Kamil , Willats William G. T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAuxin is a key plant regulatory molecule, which acts upon a plethora of cellular processes, including those related to cell differentiation and elongation. Despite the stunning progress in all disciplines of auxin research, the mechanisms of auxin-mediated rapid promotion of cell expansion and underlying rearrangement of cell wall components are poorly understood. This is partly due to the limitations of current methodologies for probing auxin. Here we describe a click chemistry-based approach, using an azido derivative of indole-3-propionic acid. This compound is as an active auxin analogue, which can be tagged in situ. Using this new tool, we demonstrate the existence of putative auxin binding sites in the cell walls of expanding/elongating cells. These binding sites are of protein nature but are distinct from those provided by the extensively studied AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1). Using immunohistochemistry, we have shown the apoplastic presence of endogenous auxin epitopes recognised by an anti-IAA antibody. Our results are intriguingly in line with previous observations suggesting some transcription-independent (non-genomic) activity of auxin in cell elongation.
A Deep-Dream Virtual Reality Platform for Studying Altered Perceptual Phenomenology
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Roseboom Warrick , Schwartzman David J. , Seth Anil K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAltered states of consciousness, such as psychotic or pharmacologically-induced hallucinations, provide a unique opportunity to examine the mechanisms underlying conscious perception. However, the phenomenological properties of these states are difficult to isolate experimentally from other, more general physiological and cognitive effects of psychoactive substances or psychopathological conditions. Thus, simulating phenomenological aspects of altered states in the absence of these other more general effects provides an important experimental tool for consciousness science and psychiatry. Here we describe such a tool, which we call theHallucination Machine. It comprises a novel combination of two powerful technologies: deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and panoramic videos of natural scenes, viewed immersively through a head-mounted display (panoramic VR). By doing this, we are able to simulate visual hallucinatory experiences in a biologically plausible and ecologically valid way. Two experiments illustrate potential applications of theHallucination Machine. First, we show that the system induces visual phenomenology qualitatively similar to classical psychedelics. In a second experiment, we find that simulated hallucinations do not evoke the temporal distortion commonly associated with altered states. Overall, theHallucination Machineoffers a valuable new technique for simulating altered phenomenology without directly altering the underlying neurophysiology.
Different protein-protein interface patterns predicted by different machine learning methods
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Yongxiao , Yin Jianxin , Gong Xinqi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferent types of protein-protein interactions make different protein-protein interface patterns. Different machine learning methods are suitable to deal with different types of data. Then, is it the same situation that different interface patterns are preferred for prediction by different machine learning methods? Here, four different machine learning methods were employed to predict protein-protein interface residue pairs on different interface patterns. The performances of the methods for different types of proteins are different, which suggest that different machine learning methods tend to predict different protein-protein interface patterns. We made use of ANOVA and variable selection to prove our result. Our proposed methods taking advantages of different single methods also got a good prediction result compared to single methods. In addition to the prediction of protein-protein interactions, this idea can be extended to other research areas such as protein structure prediction and design.
Transcriptomic profiling of Alternaria longipes invasion in tobacco reveals pathogenesis regulated by AlHK1, a group III histidine kinase
Authors: Yang Juan , Yin Zhi-Qun , Kang Zi-Teng , Liu Chen-Jian , Yang Jin-Kui , Yao Jian-Hua , Luo Yi-Yong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTobacco brown spot, caused by Alternaria species, is a devastating tobacco disease. To explore the role of a group III histidine kinase (AlHK1) on A. longipes pathogenesis, the invasion progress of A. longipes was monitored. We found that the wild-type strain C-00 invaded faster than the AlHK1-disrupted strain HK∆4 in the early and middle infection stages and the reverse trend occurred in the late infection stage. Then, eight invasion transcriptomes were performed using RNA-Seq and 205 shared, 505 C-00 and 222 HK∆4 specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The annotation results showed seven antioxidant activity genes were specifically identified in the HKΔ4 DEGs. A subsequent experiment confirmed that HKΔ4 was more resistant to low concentrations oxidative stress than C-00. In addition, the results from 1) statistics for the number of DEGs, GO enriched terms, DEGs in clusters with rising trends, and 2) analyses of the expression patterns of some DEGs relevant for osmoadaptation and virulence showed that changes in C-00 infection existed mainly in the early and middle stages, while HKΔ4 infection arose mainly in the late stage. Our results reveal firstly the pathogenesis of A. longipes regulated by AlHK1 and provide useful insights into the fungal-plant interactions.
A windable and stretchable three-dimensional all-inorganic membrane for efficient oil/water separation
Authors: Wang Kui , Han Dong Suk , Yiming Wubulikasimu , Ahzi Said , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed , Liu Zhaoyang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere is strong interest in windable and stretchable membranes to meet the technological demands of practical water treatments. Oil/water separating membranes of this type is still significantly underdeveloped. Here, we reported a windable and stretchable membrane with three-dimensional structure for efficient oil/water separation. This membrane is made of ZnO nanorods arrays conformally grown on woven carbon microfibers. This three-dimensional architecture endows the fabricated membrane with highly windable and stretchable properties, at the same time ensures ZnO nanorods fully exposed outwards on the membrane surface. Due to its superior hydrophilicity and oleophobicity of ZnO nanorods, this all-inorganic membrane exhibits outstanding antifouling property, with the foulants on membrane surfaces easily removed by simple physical cleaning without chemicals. The membrane can effectively separate both oil/saline-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions, solely driven by gravity, with extremely high permeation flux of 20933.4 L m−2 h−1 and high separation efficiency over 99%.
Pyridoxine dipharmacophore derivatives as potent glucokinase activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dzyurkevich Mikhail S. , Babkov Denis A. , Shtyrlin Nikita V. , Mayka Olga Yu. , Iksanova Alfiya G. , Vassiliev Pavel M. , Balakin Konstantin V. , Spasov Alexander A. , Tarasov Vadim V. , Barreto George , Shtyrlin Yurii G. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlucokinase is one of the promising targets for glucose-lowering agents, and the development of GK activators are now considered as one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this work, a series of novel symmetric molecular constructs, in which two pyridoxine moieties are connected via sulfur-containing linkers, have been synthesized and testedin vitrofor glucokinase activation potential. The enzyme activation rates by two most active compounds at 100 μM (~150% and 130%) were comparable to that of the reference agent PF-04937319 (~154%). Both leading compounds demonstrated low cytotoxicity and excellent safety profile in acute toxicity experiment in rats after oral administration with LD50exceeding 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Binding mode of the active compounds in comparison with the reference agent was studied using molecular docking. The leading compounds represent viable preclinical candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as a promising starting point for the design of structural analogs with improved activity.
Identifying light impurities in transition metal dichalcogenides: the local vibrational modes of S and O in ReSe2 and MoSe2
Authors: Hart Lewis S. , Webb James L. , Murkin Stephen , Wolverson Daniel , Lin Der-Yuh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe transition metal dichalcogenides provide a rich field for the study of two-dimensional materials, with metals, semiconductors, superconductors and charge density wave materials being known. Members of this family are typically hexagonal, but those based on rhenium (ReSe2 and ReS2) and their ternary alloys are attracting attention due to their triclinic structure and their resulting, strong in-plane anisotropy. Here, Raman spectra of dilute ReSe2 -
x
S
x
alloys containing low levels of sulfur (x ≤ 0.25) were obtained in order to investigate the distribution of substitutional sulfur atoms over the non-equivalent chalcogen sites of the ReSe2 unit cell. Four different Raman bands arising from the local vibrational modes of sulfur atoms were observed, corresponding to these four sites. One local vibrational mode has a substantially in-plane displacement of the sulfur atom, two are partially out-of-plane and one is completely out-of-plane. The interpretation of the experimental data is based on calculations of the lattice dynamics and non-resonant Raman tensors of a model alloy via density functional theory. For comparison, polarization-dependent Raman spectra of pure ReS2 are also presented; a dramatic increase in the Raman cross-section is found for the out-of-plane modes when the excitation polarization is normal to the layers and the light propagates in the layer plane. A similar increase in cross-section is found experimentally for the local vibrational modes of sulfur in dilute ReSe2 -x
S
x
alloys and is predicted for dilute sulfur-containing alloys based on MoSe2. The analogous local vibrational modes of substitutional oxygen impurities in ReSe2 were also investigated computationally.
Reactive power optimisation of distribution network with dispersed wind farm
Authors: Jiandong Duan , Bing Xue , Lupeng Chen 
Published: November 2017

Environmental pollution and energy shortage have resulted in a recent strong demand for distribution networks to accept renewable clean energy. As an important part of distributed generations, dispersed wind power with its clean and flexible characteristics has been an important focus of domestic and foreign entities. In this paper, the voltage deviation model and the maximum wind power real‐time penetration model were established as the two objective functions, and the reactive power output of wind farms was considered to regulate the voltage. The harmonic search algorithm was used to solve the model, simulation test with IEEE33 node system model was carried out, and the results show that the established optimisation model as well as its solution strategy can make full use of the reactive power output of wind farms to achieve the maximum wind power consumption.
Sucht und Angehörige
Authors: Bischof Gallus 
Published: November 2017

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,in der Beschreibung und Behandlung von Abhängigkeitserkrankungen wurden Angehörige über viele Jahrzehnte übersehen oder - meist im Falle von Partnerinnen - zusätzlich stigmatisiert, indem ihnen unter Konzepten wie der „Co-Abhängigkeit“ eine (Mit-)schuld an Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Erkrankung zugeschrieben wurde. Bezogen auf erwachsene Angehörige kann in diesem Zusammenhang von einer „doppelten Stigmatisierung“ gesprochen werden: über das Stigma hinausgehend, welches leider bis heute allgemein mit Suchterkrankungen verknüpft ist, wird die Entscheidung, den Kontakt zu einem suchtkranken Menschen aufrechterhalten zu wollen, meist mit Unverständnis betrachtet.