bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astronomy Education: The Current Status in Zambia
Authors: Munyeme Geoffrey , Kalebwe Peter C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere are many interlocking factors determining the introduction of astronomy education in Zambia. The process of infusing this new subject into an education system so centralised as that of Zambia is extremely complex. At school level the process is more complex than at university level, as all syllabuses are developed by a central body, Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) whose priorities are determined by perceived social and economic needs of the country. The prevailing notion in Zambia is that astronomy has no direct bearing on future employment needs. It is therefore not surprising that astronomy is at the bottom of the priority list among school subjects. The recent upsurge of interest in astronomy at the University of Zambia opens up the necessary background for developing astronomy in both school and university curricula. The University has recently formed the Astronomical Society and the Working Group on Space Science in Zambia. Coupled to this are exchange visits and collaborative work between the Physics Department of the University of Zambia and the South-African Astronomical Observatory. In this paper we present a review of the current activities in space science in Zambia and how they relate to the development of astronomy education.
The Central American Master’s Program in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Authors: de Carias Maria C. Pineda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Master’s Program in Astronomy and Astrophysics for Central America arises as part of the project of the National Autonomous University of Honduras to contribute to the establishment of “Astronomy and Astrophysics” as an academic field within the region (Pineda de Carias 1993). In 1997, the same year that the Central American Suyapa Astronomical Observatory (CASAO) was officially inaugurated (within the frame of the VII UN/ESA Workshop on Basic Space Science), a degree course in astronomy and astrophysics at graduate level was approved. In 1998 the program was formally opened for Central American graduate students in physics, mathematics or engineering. In the year 2000, the first group of students is expected to finish their courses. In this document we present the main features of the Master’s Program: the syllabus, resources, organization. A discussion of the results achieved and of future tendencies is also included, together with some recommendations about how the international community may contribute to the enhancement of this type of effort, and on how this model may be useful for developing countries.
Principles for Tertiary-Level Astronomy Courses
Authors: McNally Derek 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAny worthwhile tertiary-level course of study should, as its highest priority, reflect the discipline it represents as it is contemporaneously practiced. Were it not to do so, students would be intellectually underprovided. This paper sets out general principles which a first degree-level course in astronomy should aim to provide for its students. No specific syllabi will be attempted but, rather, the paper will outline ranges of topics and their level of treatment. While all students taking such courses should have as professional experience as possible, it must be recognised that most students taking tertiary-level astronomy courses may not become professional astronomers and that such courses will necessarily have to have flexibility to meet local circumstances.
Problems Facing Promotion of Astronomy in Arab Countries
Authors: Osman Anas M. I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPromotion of astronomy in Arab countries is facing many scientific and technical problems. Teaching astronomy starts very late in schools, with very simple and limited courses. Many teachers lack a suitable astronomical background, which can lead to incorrect understanding by students of many astronomical ideas and phenomena. Teaching astronomy at higher levels is also very limited, for example: aomng the 16 universities in Egypt, astronomy is taught in only two faculties of science, just for two years. Graduate students find many difficulties in obtaining jobs related to astronomical activities and this is a serious limitation on the attraction of the study of astronomy. On the other hand, astronomical institutions are suffering from a serious lack of the new sophisticated equipment, while the budget allotted for maintenance is very small, and there is a serious shortage of technical staff. The training of astronomers and technicians is badly needed, since good research work depends on modern technological equipment and the complicated software packages used in controlling such equipment and in data analysis. Good libraries are needed for promotion of astronomy especially, the Internet facilities available for the staff is very limited. The effects of culture are very clear; many authorities in developing countries believe that astronomy is a luxury. Finally, most of astronomers are engaged with a lot of administration for all matters, so the free time left for science is very limited.
A 100-Year Astronomical-Data Bank: Collaboration Possibilities and Some Problems
Authors: Nuritdinov Salakhutdin N. 
Published: July 2016

Our Department of Galactic astronomy and Cosmogony of the Astronomical Institude of Uzbek Academy of Sciences has rich photo meterials obtained over more than 100 years by two telescopes (Normal Astrograph with F= 3500 mm, D= 330 mm and Zeiss Double Astrograph with F= 3000 mm, D= 400 mm). The main objects studied are:
1Open and Globular star clusters,2Regions of the Milky Way and the Pulkovo Observatory program.3Comets and Asteroids4Planets and their Satellites.There are also astronomical data received in the framework of a number of International programmes. Now we are working out some research-complex programmes of these objects. We are ready to collaborate on these programmes.
Some Cooperative Activities in East Asia
Authors: Kaifu Norio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the activity of continued and sequential cooperation among Asian countries/regions, especially in East Asia. Such efforts started in 1990 from a small-size China-Korea-Japan meeting on star-forming regions. Being aware of the importance of cooperation among those neighboring countries, participants agreed to hold sequential “East Asian Meetings for Astronomy (EAMA)”. The 1992 meeting entitled “Millimeter-Wave and Infrared Astronomy” was held in Korea, the 1995 meeting entitled “Ground-Based Astronomy in Asia” was held in Japan, and the 1999 meeting entitled “Observational Astrophysics in Asia and its Future” was held in China. These meetings achieved quite high activity with 100-200 participants, each. An important product of those meetings was active exchange between young astronomers, including graduate students. The primary aim of these meetings/activities was to promote small but practical cooperation in the field of astronomical instrumentation, as well as to widen the contact among Asian astronomers. An East-Asian co-experiment to search for good sites for a possible “Asian Observatory” was among such efforts. The close cooperation between Japan, China (Peoples’ Republic and Taipei) and Korea, on millimeter and sub-millimeter wave technology is another good example of joint developments of new instruments.
V. Report of the Executive Committee (1979–1981)
Authors: Vainu Bappu M.K. , Feast M.W. , Heeschen D.S , Kharadze E.K. , Kresak L. , van den Bergh S. , Wilson R. , Wayman Patrick A. , West Richard M. , Blaauw A. , Müller Edith A. 
Published: July 2016

The present report covers the period from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1981. This period includes the first eight months (to 26 August) of the year 1979, which was part of the period in office of the previous Executive Committee; it does not include the first eight months of 1982, still the period of responsibility of the present Executive Committee (to 27 August 1982).
The address of the General Secretary at the XVIIIth General Assembly will include a report for the period 1 January – 16 August 1982.This report includes a summarized financial report for the calendar years 1979, 1980 and 1981 and a budget proposal for the calendar year 1982, closing the 3-year budgetary period 1979-1982.
26. Double Stars
Authors: Franz O.G. 
Published: July 2016

Since the summer of 1979, more than 17 000 visual measures were made and have either been published or are being prepared for publication.Couteau, using the 50- and 76-cm telescopes at Nice, obtained 984 measures and also discovered 207 pairs. Of these, 13% are closer than 0″.25, and 33% have separations smaller than 0″.5. Also at Nice, Morel made 300 measures with the 76-cm refractor and discovered 6 pairs.
8. Positional Astronomy
Authors: Hughes J. A. , Requieme Y. , Billaud G. , Carrasco G. , Fricke W. , Gubanov V. S. , Høg E. , Klock B. L. , Lopez J. A. , Ding-jiang Luo , Miyamoto M. , Morrison L. V. , Nikoloff I. , Teleki G. , Yatskiv Y. S. 
Published: July 2016

The president thanks those members contributing material to this report. The volume of the material necessitated some editing, but no substantive omissions occurred. Whenever available, AAA numbers are used in lieu of complete titles of publications to help conserve space.IAU Symposium No. 109 Astrometric Techniques, was held in Gainesville, Florida in January 1984. Although the Proceedings of that meeting are not now available (January 1935), ccmnission members and other interested parties are urged to secure access to that voline when it appears since so many facets of the commission’s work are addressed therein.
Commission 8: Positional Astronomy (Astronomie De Position)
Authors: Requième Y. , Miyamoto M. , Benevides-Soares P. , Duma D. , Helmer L. , Hugues J. , Lindegren L. , Ding-Jiang Luo , Noel F. , Pinigin G. , Quijano L. , Sadzakov S. , Schwan H. , Smith C. , Yoshizawa M. 
Published: July 2016

The Commission deeply regrets the death of our colleague G. Teleki who passed away on February 1987.After the retirement of T. Dambara, S. Lautsen and W. Gliese and the arrival of C. Turon-Lacarrieu as a new member, the membership of our commission is 142.
Report of combined meeting of Commissions 8 (Meridian Astronomy), 19 (Variation Of Latitude) and 31 (Time), August 21. 9.30 a.m
Authors: Jones Harold Spencer 
Published: July 2016

The President outlined the history of the Ross photographic zenith tube, saying that it was originally designed for measurement of the variation of latitude by Dr Ross, and later adapted to the determination of time by Dr Littel. The success of the instrument and its possible application to various problems in positional astronomy made it of interest to all three commissions attending the combined meeting.Dr Schilt said that the zenith tube could not determine fundamental positions, but that it could determine fundamental proper motions in declination with a high degree of accuracy.
24. Commission Des Parallaxes Stellaires Et Des Mouvements Propres
Authors: Jackson M. J. 
Published: July 2016

The determination of stellar parallaxes photographically using occulting shutters initiated by Schlesinger at Yerkes in 1903 and taken up vigorously at a number of observatories in the northern hemisphere about 1913 and in the southern hemisphere about 1925 has resulted in the determination of more than 9000 parallaxes relating to more than 5000 stars.The position at the end of 1947 compared with that at the end of 1934 (as shown in I.A.U. Transactions, Vol. 5, 149) is approximately as follows, although for want of official figures some of the data are only estimates.
4. Commission des Éphémérides
Authors: Brown M. E. W. , Comrie MM. , Cowell  , Lobo Da Costa , Eichelberger  , Fayet  , Fukumi  , Herrero  , Kopff  , Robertson  , Hansen Mile Vinter 
Published: July 2016

On July 31, 1930, Commission 3 reported that the names of two stars to which two names are commonly given had been settled. These two stars are:Gamma Scorpii = Sigma LibraeUpsilon Persei = 51 AndromedaeThey have been fixed as in Libra and Andromeda respectively. In accordance with the suggestion of the Secretary of the Union, this report was communicated to the Directors of the Nautical Almanacs, no objection being raised by the members of the Commission.
6. Commission des Télégrammes Astronomiques
Authors: Strömgren M. E. , Dawson MM. , Dyson  , Shapley  , Wood  
Published: July 2016

From June 8, 1928 (date of the last report) up to the present date the Bureau has distributed 813 telegrams and published 175 circulars (Nos. 207-381). In two periods the number of telegrams and circulars has been particularly great: the Pluto- and comet-period in the spring of 1930 and the asteroid- and comet-period in the spring of 1932.Again the Bureau has been supported by a great many colleagues and institutions.As heretofore the leading principle in our work has been as far as possible to procure provisional data for the continuous observation of new objects. Following this line the telegraphic service has been used when necessary to secure new discoveries, while in all cases possible the circulars have been depended on. Thus, as before, in dubious cases we have to begin with sending a telegram to a few correspondents only, asking for control. In cases of rediscovery of periodic comets and in other cases, when there was no risk of losing the object, we have distributed the announcement through the circulars.
28. Commission des Nébuleuses et des Amas Stellaires
Authors: Hubble M. E. P. , Bowen MM. , Jeans  , Knox-Shaw  , Lampland  , Lundmark Knut , Madwar  , Parvulesco  , Roberts Mme , Reynolds MM. , Shapley  , Slipher V. M. , Trumpler  , Vanderlinden  , Van Maanen  , Von Zeipel  , Wright W. H. , Zanstra  
Published: July 2016

During the time elapsed since the last general assembly of the I.A.U., many activities have been pursued by the astronomers engaged in research work in the wide fields of problems concerning nebulae and clusters. In fact a number of important discoveries have been made and earlier work has been extended in a way to consolidate earlier views or revise them. The embarras de richesse in this field and the extremely short time available for the compilation of a report make it impossible to present anything else than a few short notes partly written by heart and only intended to express personal views on the question of how the research work on nebulae and clusters might be carried on.The following report is mainly restricted to work done since the last meeting of the I.A.U., but in a few cases it has been necessary to mention earlier results.
5. Commission des Analyses de Travaux et de Bibliographie
Authors: Stroobant M. P. , Brasch MM. , de Vos van Steenwijk  , Dittrich  , Emanuelli  , Gabba  , Grouiller  , Kopff  , Lundmark  , Neubauer  , Neugebauer  , Pogo  , Selga  , Shinjo  
Published: July 2016

M. Mascari a adressé, en vue des assemblées de Leyde (1928) et de Cambridge (Mass.) en 1932, un long rapport contenant les abréviations méthodiques (Transactions of the I. U.A . 3, pp. 19-39 et 4, pp. 21-2). M. Mascari a eu le regret de constater que beaucoup trop souvent, les auteurs ne font pas le plus léger effort pour lutter contre leurs habitudes et se soumettre à une discipline étroite.M. Grouiller suggère que l’Union publie une liste des abréviations concernant les publications astronomiques proprement dites; quant à celles qui ne renferment que très occasionnellement de l’astronomie, on pourrait toujours rétablir les abréviations en se servant des listes d’abréviations générales déjà publiées par l’Union transactions of the I.U.A. 3, pp. 34-7). En ce qui concerne la bibliographie mensuelle, dirigée actuellement par M. le Comte de la Baume-Pluvinel, M. Grouiller est d’avis que la Commission adopte une motion d’approbation telle que la suivante: “La Commission a appris avec satisfaction la réunion en un seul organe des publications bibliographiques assurées par la Société astronomique de France et l’Association française d’observateurs d’étoiles variables. Elle recommande la continuation de cette publication contrôlée par une commission spéciale représentant ces deux Sociétés.”
9. Commission des Instruments Astronomiques
Authors: Fabry M. Ch. , Chrétien M. H. , Anderson MM. J. A. , Baillaud R. , Chandon Mme Ed. , Couder MM. , de la Baume Pluvinel A. , Delvosal  , d’Arturo Horn , Merfield  , Moll  , Nušl  , Pease  , Ritchey  , Sampson  , Schilt  
Published: July 2016

La Commission n’a pas été informée de travaux particuliers importants concernant les matières d’optique. Il convient toutefois de mentionner dans cet ordre d’idées les résultats intéressants obtenus par application d’une pellicule d’aluminium comme surface réfléchissante, pour les miroirs astronomiques.Le dépôt est fait par évaporation dans le vide et s’applique immédiatement aux miroirs en verre de petites dimensions. Pour les grandes surfaces, l’installation capable de résister à la pression atmosphérique peut présenter de grandes difficultés. Cependant, il a été possible de traiter ainsi, par exemple, le miroir de 90 cm. de diamètre de l’Observatoire de Lick. Plusieurs observatoires américains ont mis en service des miroirs aluminisés.
Commission 3. (Notations.)
Authors: Strömgren E. , De Roy Felix 
Published: July 2016

The President submitted to the Meeting, with some diffidence, the preliminary set of notations covering the whole field of astronomy, which he had prepared, and which had been printed in the Draft Report. It was, he said, a compromise between different systems of notations. He pointed to some misprints in the Draft Report and invited discussion.Prof. Stroobant expressed his pleasure that the President had retained a number of the notations which he had presented at the Rome Meeting. While rendering homage to the completeness of the new scheme, he said that it had been submitted at too short a notice to allow a thorough discussion. He therefore proposed, at all events, to postpone a final decision.Prof. Eddington and Prof. Russell agreed to this view, but emphasized the necessity of the new scheme being printed. They suggested some slight changes in a few of the proposed notations.
Commission 9. (Instruments.)
Authors: Fabry C. , Chretien H. 
Published: July 2016

La Commission s’est réunie le lundi 15 juillet, et a tenu deux séances. La pre mière, le matin, de 10 heures à 11 h. ½ à la Maison de la Chimie; la seconde, à 21 heures, à l’Amphithéâtre de Physique, à la Sorbonne, conjointement avec la séance mensuelle des Réunions de l’Institut d’Optique.A. Matériaux. Le Président rappelle à l’attention de la Commission, la question de l’aluminure des miroirs, et résume les principaux avantages que cette nouvelle technique va procurer à l’astronomie physique. Il semble bien que l’argenture des miroirs de verre ait vécue. D’autres supports que le verre peuvent maintenant être avantageusement employés, en particulier les métaux susceptibles d’un beau poli, mais dont le pouvoir réflecteur est trop faible. Par l’aluminure, on retrouvera le haut pouvoir réflecteur des surfaces fraîchement argentées, avec l’avantage d’une très grande stabilité et l’absence de transparence dans l’ultra-violet.
Commission 14. (Wave-Lengths.)
Authors: Fowler A. , Meggers W. F. 
Published: July 2016

Prof. Fowler expressed regret at the absence of Messrs Babcock, Burns, Kayser and Nagaoka.In opening the discussion on sources of the primary standard, Prof. Fowler presented the following extracts from a communication which had been forwarded by Mr Babcock:“The preliminary specifications adopted by the I.A.U. in 1925 are a simplified description of the Michelson lamp, naming the conditions which were at that time considered necessary and sufficient by Prof. Fabry himself. Even by implication they do not suggest a substitute for the original lamp. It goes without saying that a vacuum tube provided with internal electrodes is not intended for use with high frequency, but rather with the customary well-known type of excitation. In any case, before amending our specifications so as to prohibit high frequency excitation, at least three laboratories should agree that this is necessary.”
Commission 24. (Parallax and Proper Motions.)
Authors: Mitchell S. A. , Smart W. M. 
Published: July 2016

The Commission held two sessions. At the first session there was an interesting discussion in which the majority of the eighteen members of the Commission present participated.The second session was given over to stellar parallaxes. Dr Adams described the methods followed at Mt Wilson in deriving the spectroscopic parallaxes of 4179 stars and Dr Schlesinger explained the methods for deriving the values given in the Second Yale Catalogue. Parallax programmes were discussed by various observers.
Commission 26. (Double Stars.)
Authors: Hertzsprung E. , Van Den Bos W. H. 
Published: July 2016

The President read the draft report. No objections being entered, this was adopted by the meeting.The President proposed an addition to the report. This was agreed to.The adoption of a single system of orbital elements was advocated by van den Bos, who reported on the correspondence which had taken place on this subject with the members. As the result of all answers received, a system of elements was proposed and adopted by the Committee.The President suggested that this be given in the report and van den Bos, at the request of van Biesbroeck, proposed that a full set of definitions and formulae be added. This was agreed to.
Commission 27. (Variable Stars.)
Authors: Nijland A. A. , Roy Felix De 
Published: July 2016

The draft report was discussed, and adopted with some alterations and additions. The following resolutions were referred to the General Assembly:1.The Commission recommends that the yearly subsidy granted by the Union for the publication of the Cracow Ephemerides of Eclipsing Binaries (Prof. T. Banachiewicz) be continued to the amount of 700 gold francs, and expresses the wish that the decimal division of the day used in these ephemerides will be, in the future, counted from Greenwich Noon.2.The Union having endorsed the proposal made by Prof. Grouiller to compile a list of unpublished observations of Variable Stars, and recommended that this compilation be published by the Union, the Commission recommends that a subsidy of 200 gold francs should be granted to that object.3.The Commission recommends that Prof. Nijland’s Lists A, B, and C, brought up to date, together with a new list D, should be published by the Union with a subsidy not exceeding 300 gold francs.
Commission 31. (Bureau De l’heure.)
Authors: Nörlund N. E. , Lambert M. A. , Jolly M. H. L. P. 
Published: July 2016

M. le Président fait connaître que, à la suite du concours financier apporté au B.I.H. par l’Union internationale de Géodésie et Géophysique à partir du 1er janvier 1933, la Commission 31 s’est transformée en une commission mixte, et aux membres appartenant à l’Union astronomique se sont donc ajoutés des membres de l’Union de Géodésie et Géophysique.M. le Président a examiné les comptes du Bureau international de l’Heure pour les années 1932 à 1934 et a reconnu que les règlements ont été respectés; les revenus ont été en 1932 de 55773.50 fr.; en 1933 la subvention de l’Union astronomique a été de 39487.30 fr. français; et celle de l’Union de Géodésie et Géophysique de 19980.80 fr. français. En 1934 les subventions ont été respectivement de 39424 fr. et de 20000 fr.