bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JWST/NIRISS Reveals the Water-rich “Steam World” Atmosphere of GJ 9827 d
Authors: Piaulet-Ghorayeb Caroline , Benneke Björn , Radica Michael , Raul Eshan , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Ahrer Eva-Maria , Kubyshkina Daria , Howard Ward S. , Krissansen-Totton Joshua , MacDonald Ryan J. , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Louca Amy , Christie Duncan , Fournier-Tondreau Marylou , Allart Romain , Miguel Yamila , Schlichting Hilke E. , Welbanks Luis , Cadieux Charles , Dorn Caroline , Evans-Soma Thomas M. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Pierrehumbert Raymond , Lafrenière David , Acuña Lorena , Komacek Thaddeus , Innes Hamish , Beatty Thomas G. , Cloutier Ryan , Doyon René , Gagnebin Anna , Gapp Cyril , Knutson Heather A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With sizable volatile envelopes but smaller radii than the solar system ice giants, sub-Neptunes have been revealed as one of the most common types of planet in the galaxy. While the spectroscopic characterization of larger sub-Neptunes (2.5–4 R
⊕) has revealed hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, smaller sub-Neptunes (1.6–2.5 R
⊕) could either host thin, rapidly evaporating, hydrogen-rich atmospheres or be stable, metal-rich “water worlds” with high mean molecular weight atmospheres and a fundamentally different formation and evolutionary history. Here, we present the 0.6–2.8 μm JWST/NIRISS/SOSS transmission spectrum of GJ 9827 d, the smallest (1.98 R
⊕) warm (T
eq,A=0.3 ∼ 620 K) sub-Neptune where atmospheric absorbers have been detected to date. Our two transit observations with NIRISS/SOSS, combined with the existing HST/WFC3 spectrum, enable us to break the clouds–metallicity degeneracy. We detect water in a highly metal-enriched “steam world” atmosphere (O/H of ∼4 by mass and H2O found to be the background gas with a volume mixing ratio of >31%). We further show that these results are robust to stellar contamination through the transit light source effect. We do not detect escaping metastable He, which, combined with previous nondetections of escaping He and H, supports the steam atmosphere scenario. In water-rich atmospheres, hydrogen loss driven by water photolysis happens predominantly in the ionized form, which eludes observational constraints. We also detect several flares in the NIRISS/SOSS light curves with far-UV energies of the order of 1030 erg, highlighting the active nature of the star. Further atmospheric characterization of GJ 9827 d probing carbon or sulfur species could reveal the origin of its high metal enrichment.
nifty-ls: Fast and Accurate Lomb–Scargle Periodograms Using a Non-uniform FFT
Authors: Garrison Lehman H. , Foreman-Mackey Dan , Shih Yu-hsuan , Barnett Alex 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present nifty-ls, a software package for fast and accurate evaluation of the Lomb–Scargle periodogram. nifty-ls leverages the fact that Lomb–Scargle can be computed using a non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT), which we evaluate with the Flatiron Institute NUFFT package (finufft). This approach achieves a many-fold speedup over the Press & Rybicki method as implemented in Astropy and is simultaneously many orders of magnitude more accurate. nifty-ls also supports fast evaluation on GPUs via CUDA and integrates with the Astropy Lomb–Scargle interface. nifty-ls is publicly available at https://github.com/flatironinstitute/nifty-ls/.
Paul Kruger oor die gelofte van 1838: Was hy in die kol?
Authors: Strauss Piet J. 
Published: October 2024

Paul Kruger on the covenant of 1838: Was he on target? Many Afrikaners and those associating with them, keep the promises made by the Voortrekkers in the Covenant of 16 December 1838 in connection with the battle of Blood River between them and the Zulu impis of King Dingane. As a champion of the Afrikaner in the 19th century, Paul Kruger as the elected president (1883–1900) of the Boer Republic, called the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, partook in the Day of the Covenant as being celebrated by Afrikaners every year. This is a spiritual event the people associating with the Covenant should use to thank God for his salvation and for saving them and their forebears in a military crisis. With this view, Kruger as a Reformed Christian Afrikaner, would also have been able to accept the resolution of the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church of 1990, about the Covenant of 1838 being celebrated in South Africa after the change in government and the public attitude in 1994. As far as Kruger was concerned, the gratitude of people observing the Covenant of 1838, should be part of a life of gratitude and obedience to God, as their answer to his salvation and saving in everyday life. This view of Kruger came to the fore in his speeches in December 1886, 1891, and 1896 at Paardekraal, Krugersdorp. Paardekraal became the venue for festivities every five years around the Day of the Covenant in the old Transvaal. This was an implementation of a resolution of the government of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek in 1883.Contribution: The well-known and debated covenant of 1838 of the trekking Boers, or Voortrekkers of that year once again is the reason for this article. The contribution is written from a historical and church-historical perspective, providing clarity on what it means to keep the covenant for those who ascribe to it at the moment. This theme is compared with the views of Paul Kruger, a representative of the Afrikaners in the 19th century.
Prediction of testicular histology in azoospermia patients through deep learning-enabled two-dimensional grayscale ultrasound
Authors: Hu Jia-Ying , Lin Zhen-Zhe , Ding Li , Zhang Zhi-Xing , Huang Wan-Ling , Huang Sha-Sha , Li Bin , Xie Xiao-Yan , Lu Ming-De , Deng Chun-Hua , Lin Hao-Tian , Gao Yong , Wang Zhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Testicular histology based on testicular biopsy is an important factor for determining appropriate testicular sperm extraction surgery and predicting sperm retrieval outcomes in patients with azoospermia. Therefore, we developed a deep learning (DL) model to establish the associations between testicular grayscale ultrasound images and testicular histology. We retrospectively included two-dimensional testicular grayscale ultrasound from patients with azoospermia (353 men with 4357 images between July 2017 and December 2021 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China) to develop a DL model. We obtained testicular histology during conventional testicular sperm extraction. Our DL model was trained based on ultrasound images or fusion data (ultrasound images fused with the corresponding testicular volume) to distinguish spermatozoa presence in pathology (SPP) and spermatozoa absence in pathology (SAP) and to classify maturation arrest (MA) and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) in patients with SAP. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to analyze model performance. DL based on images achieved an AUC of 0.922 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.908–0.935), a sensitivity of 80.9%, a specificity of 84.6%, and an accuracy of 83.5% in predicting SPP (including normal spermatogenesis and hypospermatogenesis) and SAP (including MA and SCOS). In the identification of SCOS and MA, DL on fusion data yielded better diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.979 (95% CI: 0.969–0.989), a sensitivity of 89.7%, a specificity of 97.1%, and an accuracy of 92.1%. Our study provides a noninvasive method to predict testicular histology for patients with azoospermia, which would avoid unnecessary testicular biopsy.
Cutaneous Atypical Mycobacterial Infections: A Brief Review
Authors: Mehta Nikhil , Tyagi Mehul , Ramam M. , Khaitan Binod K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are increasingly recognized, particularly in tropical regions and are often found in immunocompetent individuals. These infections are emerging as significant health concerns, especially pulmonary NTM, which is reported more frequently and is known to be associated with hospital environments. While pulmonary NTM infections are on the rise, partly due to drug resistance and possible patient-to-patient transmission, there is no current evidence indicating an increase in cutaneous NTM infections. The clinical manifestations of NTM infections, except for well-known entities like Buruli ulcer and fish tank granuloma, are diverse and nonspecific, often mimicking other chronic infections. History of minor trauma at the site of infection can be misleading and may complicate the diagnosis of cutaneous NTM. Surgical-site and port-site NTM infections typically present with erythema, edema, and abscesses and are commonly caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria like M. fortuitum and M. chelonae. These infections may not respond to standard antibiotics, suggesting the need for NTM-specific treatment. Diagnostically, histopathology may not be conclusive, and standard staining techniques often lack sensitivity. Molecular methods offer better speciation and drug resistance profiling for pulmonary NTM but are expensive and not widely available for cutaneous forms. The high cost and limited availability of diagnostic tools necessitate an empirical treatment approach, which is also recommended by the INDEX-Tb guidelines for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Empirical treatment regimens for NTM, such as combinations of clarithromycin, doxycycline, and cotrimoxazole or fluoroquinolones, have shown promise, but there is a lack of rigorous studies to establish standardized treatments. Monitoring for adverse effects and continued evaluation of the causative organism is essential during empirical treatment, allowing for adjustment if the initial regimen fails.
2021 NEDI-Singapore study: an updated inventory of emergency department characteristics
Authors: Low Ivan Jinrong , Ong En Ci Isaac , Pek Pin Pin Maeve , Quah Li Juan Joy , Chong Shu-Ling , Lim Jia Hao , Boggs Krislyn M , Camargo Carlos A Jr , Anantharaman Venkataraman , Ho Andrew Fu Wah ,   NEDI-Singapore Investigators
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The last national emergency department (ED) inventory was performed in 2007, and major changes in population demographics, healthcare needs and infrastructure have since occurred. We sought to obtain an updated inventory of EDs in Singapore to identify and describe changes in their characteristics and capabilities across the years.

Methods:
In 2021, the National Emergency Department Inventories (NEDI) instrument was administered to the leadership of Singapore EDs. Emergency departments in Singapore are opened round the clock, have no restrictions on who can access care and are equipped to handle general medical emergencies. The questionnaire comprises 16 items across three categories: (a) general characteristics, (b) patient volume and (c) medical capabilities.

Results:
We achieved 100% response rate from all 17 EDs — nine EDs in public hospitals and eight in private hospitals. In 2021, the EDs saw a total of 1,140,388 visits, an increase of 27% from 2007, with the median number of visits almost doubling (from 39,450 to 77,989); 41% and 59% of the EDs reported over 20% of visits arriving by ambulance and over 20% of visits resulting in inpatient admission, respectively. A clear distinction between public and private EDs across these metrics remained. Medical capabilities grew: 59% had access to a dedicated computed tomography scanner (up from 46%) and 82% had negative pressure isolation facilities (up from 54%). Overall, 41% of EDs self-assessed to be operating above their capacity.

Conclusion:
Singapore EDs have progressed in capabilities and capacity. Despite this, the increasing volume, complexity and acuity of patients are imposing strains on the emergency care system, signalling potential for systems improvement.
Evaluation of structural oral viva examination as an assessment tool in the subject of periodontology
Authors: Rathod Surekha Ramrao , Koli Shivani Sanjay , Kolte Abhay 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To assess students’ knowledge, the assessment of students in dentistry has always remained a controversial topic. Student evaluations are crucial for two reasons: first, they help produce dental graduates of the highest caliber to satisfy societal demands; second, they give input to those involved in dentistry education policymaking.

Aim:
Hence, this study was planned to introduce a new structured method of viva examination to evaluate its effectiveness over the traditional method.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty students from IV BDS were selected randomly. These students were subjected to traditional and oral structured viva examinations (OSVEs) in periodontics and implantology. After obtaining informed consent for the study, an MCQ examination was conducted for all participants on the basics and etiopathogenesis of periodontology, and their scores were noted. Group A – 30 participants appeared for a traditional viva examination (TVE) of basic periodontics. Group B – participants appeared for OSVE on etiopathogenesis. Later the crossover was done for two regions in such a way that Group A - 30 participants appeared for OSVE of basic and Group B - TVE on etiopathogenesis. OSVE was conducted with the help of question cards. Both forms of viva examination had a set time limit of 5 min per student.

Results:
The performance scores of TVE and OSVE were compared which showed high significance (P < 0.001). Performance scores were also compared, and their MCQ correlation was done with the TVE score.

Conclusions:
Observation from the present study showed that TVE can be improved as an effective assessment tool.
Predictors of seroma formation and the associated impact on adjuvant chemotherapy initiation for women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer at a national referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Njile Dominic , Kivuyo Nashivai , Brand Nathan , Benjamin Alex , Akoko Larry O. 
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of seroma among post mastectomy breast cancer women and its impact on adjuvant therapy timing.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study among women who received mastectomy plus axillary dissection for invasive breast cancer at Muhimbili National Hospital between April 2021 and May 2022. Patients’ clinical demography, tumor characteristics, drainage features, and the development of seroma was documented. Use of adjuvant therapy was collected at a follow visit. Prediction of seroma development and impact of adjuvant therapy initiations was determined by chi -square test with significance set at p value of <5%.
Results: We recruited 106 patients of which seroma was present in 49% with age >50 years and drainage of >150cc in first 24hours being significant predictors (p-0.03 and 0.002 respectively). Long-term follow up was done to 86 (81%) of which 74 (87%) received adjuvant chemotherapy with delay being significant among those with seroma formation, p-value 0.018
Conclusions: Seroma formation is common among women post mastectomy with no modifiable factor. Delay in adjuvant therapy is significant in the setting of a seroma formation. More studies are needed to reduce seroma occurrence as well as mitigate its impact on adjuvant therapy initiation.
Secular ¬Interpretation of the Best Interest of the Child: CCI’s Decision on Child Custody in the Context of Divorced Parents (Case Comment)
Authors: Mesfin Beyene  
Published: October 2024

International and regional human rights instruments state that the child's right to freedom of religion must be entrusted to the adult parents or guardians and the instruments do not allow state intervention. Likewise, the Ethiopian Constitution allows parents to make sure that their children have religious education; and it gives jurisdiction to religious courts over matters of custody. However, such laws can be insensitive to human rights issues when religious courts and human rights clash. This comment evaluates the recent interpretation by the Council of Constitutional Inquiry (CCI) in light of international and regional practices. The comment examines whether CCI’s decision constitutes an advanced, child rights-based approach in interpreting what is in the best interest of the child in the context of divorced parents whereby the parent who has custody embraces a different religion after divorce. The analysis shows that this line of interpretation can be considered as an advanced way of child rights-based approach for interpreting best interest of the child.
Multidrug Resistant <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> in Donkeys (<i>Equus africanus asinus</i>) in Ganawari North Central Nigeria
Authors: Kaikabo Adamu Ahmad , Tong Pam Danladi , Attah Cletus Umbugadu , Oluchukwu Irene LukeOkeh , Ibrahim Lubabatu , Mwankon Esther Simi , Muhammad Maryam 
Published: October 2024

Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of respiratory infections in equidae. The organism causes pneumonia in foal and could be isolated from diverse sources, including the nasal cavity which plays a critical role in the ecology of Rhodococcus equi. The demographic characteristics of the donkeys studied showed that 90% of the donkeys slaughtered during the period of sample collection were adult, while 50 and 50% were both male and female donkeys respectively. Isolates were identified as Rhodococcus equi based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics observed. The susceptibility of Rhodococcus equi to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method using different disc concentrations of antibiotics as follows; erythromycin (15µg), streptomycin (25µg), kanamycin (30µg), cephalotin (30μg), methicillin (30μg), nalidixic acid (30µg), penicillin (25 units), ceftiofur (30µg). The antibiotic susceptibility test results obtained showed that the isolates were 100% resistant to cephalotin and penicillin, while 90%, 50% and 16.6% of the isolates were resistant to methicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin and nalidixic acid respectively. Only 16.6% of the isolates showed intermediate resistance to nalidixic acid. Interestingly, 100% of the isolates were sensitive to kanamycin and ceftiofur while 90%, 66.6%, and 50% were sensitive to streptomycin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. There is palpable public health risk that may arise from consumption of donkey meat contaminated with multidrug resistant Rhodococcus equi. Therefore, adequate food safety procedures should be enforced to protect human infection.
The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Water Quality in Lake Victoria Catchment: A Case Study of Nkangabile River at Nyegezi Bay, Tanzania
Authors: Mashafi Charles A , Mabula Makemie , Semba Masumbuko , Ezekiel Charles N , Kashindye Benedicto , Salehe Mwanahamisi A , Mrosso Hillary DJ , Kayanda Robert , Kimirei Ismael A 
Published: October 2024

Understanding the trends and impacts of anthropogenic activities in the water basins and catchments is key to the effective management and conservation of aquatic environments. This study analyses the land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Nkangabile catchment and their impacts on water quality in the Nyegezi Bay of Lake Victoria, Tanzanian side. GIS and Remote sensing techniques were used to analyze the multi-temporal changes in LULC that occurred in the past 30 years from 1983 to 2013, split into four epochs of 10-year intervals. The changes in LULC were analyzed using image differencing and cross-tabulation for pairwise methods. The results indicated an increasing deterioration of water quality and a considerable transformation of LULC between the four epochs and more so in the long-term period from 1983 to 2013. The study provides evidence that LULC changes are accelerated by anthropogenic activities that severely affect the ecosystem through increased water pollution. Balancing human activities through proper land use planning as well as conservation awareness are strongly recommended to ensure adequate protection of the Lake Victoria ecosystem.
Keywords: Land use and Land cover change, Nkangabile catchment, Landsat, Support Vector Machine, Water quality
EDUKASI PEMBUATAN LILIN AROMATERAPI DARI MINYAK JELANTAH DI SMA NEGERI 1 PRACIMANTORO WONOGIRI
Authors: Setyarini Agung , Anwar M. Fathul , Retnaningsih Nugraheni 
Published: October 2024

Used cooking oil is an oil that has been used repeatedly. This used cooking oil waste is harmful to health and is one of the sources of environmental pollution. The partners of this activity are students of SMAN 1 Pracimantoro Wonogiri. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide knowledge and understanding of the impact of the use and disposal of used cooking oil, provide information and knowledge about products that can be produced from used cooking oil waste, namely aroma therapy candles, and improve soft skills by making aroma therapy candles. The methods used are counseling and training. The form of activities is in the form of counseling and training. The methods used are lectures, demonstrations and exercises. Participants first listened to the material delivered by the community service team, then were trained to make aromatherapy candles from used cooking oil waste. The response of the participants to this activity was positive, this was shown by the enthusiasm of the participants in the discussion during the counseling. The result of the activity was an increase in knowledge about the dangers of using used cooking oil, environmental pollution, and skills in making products from used cooking oil waste management in the form of aromatherapy candles by 12.2%
PERAN BAHASA DALAM KESEHATAN MENTAL DI LINGKUNGAN KERJA
Authors: Nugraha Deden Novan Setiawan , Sari Puspita , Susiyanti Susiyanti , Gunawan Hero , Dianita Dianita , Simatupang Ervina CM 
Published: October 2024

This Community Service (PKM) activity was carried out to provide understanding and knowledge to the staff of Courtyard by Marriott Bandung Dago Hotel about the Role of Language in maintaining Mental Health in the Work Environment. The methods used in PKM are lectures, discussions, and exercises. The results of the activity showed that, of the 23 participants who were staff of Courtyard by Marriott Bandung Dago Hotel, 14 (61%) people were experiencing low burn out, 7 people (31%) were experiencing moderate burn out, and 2 people (9%) were experiencing high burn out. As for after receiving the material presentation, as many as 83% of participants stated that they had understood the material presented. In addition, participants also assessed that they had gained additional insights and new information about the role of language in maintaining mental health in the work environment