bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Humanisation of Refugees: A Discourse Analysis of UK Parliamentary Debates on the European Refugee ‘Crisis’
Authors: Kirkwood Steve 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrevious research has explored the ‘othering’ and dehumanisation of asylum seekers and refugees, yet comparatively little research has explored the opposite process: the humanisation of refugees. This article applies discursive psychological analysis to the transcripts of five UK Parliamentary debates on the European refugee ‘crisis’ from September 2015 to January 2016, examining an explicit form of humanisation: categorising refugees as ‘human beings’. The analysis focuses on the nature and function of such categorisations to explore the social functions of the discourse. It illustrates how politicians draw on the human qualities of both refugees and ‘us’ to make the government and nation morally accountable for protecting refugees. Moreover, it shows how the humanisation or dehumanisation of others implicates or denies the self as morally responsible. This highlights how research on dehumanisation—and the opposite process of humanisation—needs to attend to the rhetorical, relational and dialogical aspects of discourse. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein to Methyl Methacrylate over Gold Nanoparticles on Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Gao Jun , Fan Guoli , Yang Lan , Cao Xinzhong , Zhang Peng , Li Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe catalytic production of methyl methacrylate through the direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein is important in terms of green chemistry and sustainable development. In the present work, Au nanoparticles supported on three needle‐like, lamella‐like, and rodlike hydroxyapatites were synthesized. We demonstrated that needle‐like hydroxyapatite could facilitate the higher dispersion of Au species because of its high specific surface area, and the strong interaction between the Au nanoparticles and the support resulted in the formation of more surface defects because of the existence of partially encapsulated Au particles by the needle‐like hydroxyapatite. The surface defects were related closely to the generation of strong basic sites. Compared with the other two materials, the Au supported on the needle‐like hydroxyapatite catalyst, which had a large amount of surface acid–base sites, exhibited a much higher catalytic activity and selectivity to methyl methacrylate in the direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein with methanol under mild reaction conditions (i.e., ambient pressure, low reaction temperature of 70 °C, and low methanol/aldehyde ratio of 8:1). The superior catalytic performance of the Au supported on needle‐like hydroxyapatite catalyst was attributable to a cooperative effect between abundant acid–base sites for the preferential chemisorption of methacrolein and highly dispersed active Au species for the favorable formation of β‐hydride and oxygen activation. The present findings open a new and promising route for the practical production of methyl methacrylate using high‐performance hydroxyapatite‐supported metal catalyst systems.
Covalently Connected Polymer–Protein Nanostructures Fabricated by a Reactive Self‐Assembly Approach
Authors: Ju Yuanyuan , Xing Cheng , Wu Dongxia , Wu Yunfang , Wang Lianyong , Zhao Hanying 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of polymer–protein nanostructures opens up a new avenue for the development of new biomaterials. In this research, covalently connected polymer–protein nanostructures were fabricated through a reactive self‐assembly approach. Poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐pyridyl disulfide methacrylamide) (PtBMA‐co‐PPDSMA) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Covalently connected nanostructures (CCNs) with hydrophobic polymer cores and hydrophilic protein coronae were prepared by adding solutions of PtBMA‐co‐PPDSMA/DMF to aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The thiol–disulfide exchange reaction between pyridyl disulfide groups on the polymer chains and thiol groups on the protein molecules plays a key role in the fabrication of CCNs. The self‐assembly process was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and stopped‐flow techniques. DLS results indicated that the sizes of the CCNs were determined by the initial polymer concentration, the BSA concentration, and the average number of thiol groups on BSA molecules. TEM and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to analyze the nanostructures. Far‐UV circular dichroism results demonstrated that the original folded conformations of BSA molecules were basically maintained in the reactive self‐assembly process. Compared with native BSA, the secondary structure and conformation change of coronal BSA induced by urea or thermal treatment were remarkably suppressed. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the CCNs were essentially nontoxic to Hela and COS‐7 cells.
Electronic Structure and Excited‐State Dynamics of an Arduengo‐Type Carbene and its Imidazolone Oxidation Product
Authors: Schmitt Hans‐Christian , Flock Marco , Welz Eileen , Engels Bernd , Schneider Heidi , Radius Udo , Fischer Ingo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe describe an investigation of the excited‐state dynamics of isolated 1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazoline‐2‐ylidene (tBu2Im, C11H20N2, m/z=180), an Arduengo‐type carbene, by time‐ and frequency‐resolved photoionization using a picosecond laser system. The energies of several singlet and triplet excited states were calculated by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The S1 state of the carbene deactivates on a 100 ps time scale possibly by intersystem crossing. In the experiments we observed an additional signal at m/z=196, that was assigned to the oxidation product 1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazolone, tBu2ImO. It shows a well‐resolved resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectrum with an origin located at 36951 cm−1. Several low‐lying vibrational bands could be assigned, with a lifetime that depends strongly on the excitation energy. At the origin the lifetime is longer than 3 ns, but drops to 49 ps at higher excess energies. To confirm formation of the imidazolone we also performed experiments on benzimidazolone (BzImO) for comparison. Apart from a redshift for BzImO the spectra of the two compounds are very similar. The TD‐DFT values display a very good agreement with the experimental data.
Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Formal Insertion of Aryldiazo Esters into Cp−H Bonds of Iron and Ruthenium Metallocenes
Authors: López Enol , Borge Javier , López Luis A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe reaction of ferrocene and ruthenocene with aryldiazo acetates in the presence of gold catalysts produced new functionalized metallocenes resulting from a C−H bond functionalization process. This process is believed to proceed through initial decomposition of the diazo component and formation of an electrophilic gold–carbene intermediate, which is subsequently involved in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. The gold‐catalyzed functionalization of ruthenocene exhibited a broad scope and a notable functional‐group tolerance. Interestingly, the functionalized ferrocene derivatives were found to react with molecular oxygen to yield α‐aryl‐α‐ferrocenyl‐α‐hydroxyacetates. Adsorption on silica gel was found to be essential for this dioxygen activation/C(sp3)−H bond functionalization sequence. The methodologies reported herein provide a simple and efficient approach to functionalized metallocene derivatives that are difficult to access through conventional organic functional group transformations.
Formal Total Synthesis of (±)‐Strictamine by [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Stevens Rearrangements
Authors: Eckermann Ruben , Breunig Michael , Gaich Tanja 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo date, more than 100 congeners of the akuammiline alkaloid family have been isolated. Their signature structural element is a methanoquinolizidine moiety, a cage‐like scaffold structurally related to adamantane. The structural variations of the family members originate from oxidative processes that mostly trigger rearrangements of the methanoquinolizidine motif. The family of the akuammiline alkaloids is best represented by strictamine. It bears the least functionalized carbon skeleton of all family members without lacking the signature structural motifs. Herein, we report the formal synthesis of strictamine through a Stevens [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement as a key step and the synthetic pitfalls related with its synthesis.
The Structure of Linkers Affects the DNA Binding Properties of Tethered Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Metallo‐Intercalators
Authors: Saeed Hiwa K. , Saeed Ibrahim Q. , Buurma Niklaas J. , Thomas Jim A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWith the long‐term aim of enhancing the binding properties of dinuclear RuII‐based DNA light‐switch complexes, a series of eight structurally related mono‐ and dinuclear systems are reported in which the linker of the bridging ligand has been modulated. These tethered systems have been designed to explore issues of steric demand at the binding site and the thermodynamic cost of entropy loss upon binding. Detailed spectroscopic and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies on the new complexes reveal that one of the linkers produces a dinuclear system that binds to duplex DNA with an affinity (Kb >107 m−1) that is higher than its corresponding monometallic complex and is the highest affinity for a non‐threading bis‐intercalating metal complex. These studies confirm that the tether has a major effect on the binding properties of dinuclear complexes containing intercalating units and establishes key design rules for the construction of dinuclear complexes with enhanced DNA binding characteristics.
Protein Metalation by Anticancer Metallodrugs: A Joint ESI MS and XRD Investigative Strategy
Authors: Merlino Antonello , Marzo Tiziano , Messori Luigi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInteractions of metal‐based drugs with proteins and consequent adduct formation (the so‐called “protein metalation” process) play a key role in the mode of action of several anticancer agents and in determining their toxicological profile. Through a novel investigative strategy grounded on the combined use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and biological macromolecule X‐ray crystallography we show that it is possible to clarify in depth the metalation process of small model proteins; a number of instructive examples are provided. Recently, this kind of investigative approach has been extended to bigger proteins such as human serum albumin and horse spleen ferritin, with rather encouraging results. Overall, by application of this strategy, metalation of proteins caused by anticancer metallodrugs can be disclosed in the molecular detail.
Coexistence of Distinct Supramolecular Assemblies in Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Reddy G. N. Manjunatha , Huqi Aida , Iuga Dinu , Sakurai Satoshi , Marsh Andrew , Davis Jeffery T. , Masiero Stefano , Brown Steven P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Steven P. Brown at the University of Warwick and collaborators in Italy and the US. The image depicts the transformation (studied by NMR spectroscopy) between small molecule building blocks into unique assemblies during solid‐solution interconversions. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604832.
Doping Effects on the Adsorption of a Nitric Oxide Molecule on an Anatase (101) Surface
Authors: Liu Qin , Liu Liangliang , Xiao Wei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNO adsorption on n‐type and p‐type modified anatase (101) surfaces is studied by using first‐principles calculations. Both types of modifications can facilitate the adsorption of a NO molecule on an anatase (101) surface. The adsorption mechanisms for these two types of adsorption are different. On n‐type modified surfaces, the N atom of the NO molecule is bonded to a surface Ti5C ion, that is, the unpaired electron on the π* orbital of the NO molecule forms a bond with an extra 3d electron of the surface Ti ion. On p‐type modified surfaces, the N atom of the NO molecule is bonded to surface O2C. The unpaired electron of the NO molecule fills the empty 2p orbital of the modified surface, and the π* orbital of the NO molecule hybridizes with the surface valence band.
Convergent gustatory and viscerosensory processing in the human dorsal mid‐insula
Authors: Avery Jason A. , Gotts Stephen J. , Kerr Kara L. , Burrows Kaiping , Ingeholm John E. , Bodurka Jerzy , Martin Alex , Kyle Simmons W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe homeostatic regulation of feeding behavior requires an organism to be able to integrate information from its internal environment, including peripheral visceral signals about the body's current energy needs, with information from its external environment, such as the palatability of energy‐rich food stimuli. The insula, which serves as the brain's primary sensory cortex for representing both visceral signals from the body and taste signals from the mouth and tongue, is a likely candidate region in which this integration might occur. However, to date it has been unclear whether information from these two homeostatically critical faculties is merely co‐represented in the human insula, or actually integrated there. Recent functional neuroimaging evidence of a common substrate for visceral interoception and taste perception within the human dorsal mid‐insula suggests a model whereby a single population of neurons may integrate viscerosensory and gustatory signals. To test this model, we used fMRI‐Adaptation to identify whether insula regions that exhibit repetition suppression following repeated interoception trials would then also exhibit adapted responses to subsequent gustatory stimuli. Multiple mid and anterior regions of the insula exhibited adaptation to interoceptive trials specifically, but only the dorsal mid‐insula regions exhibited an adapted gustatory response following interoception. The discovery of this gustatory‐interoceptive convergence within the neurons of the human insula supports the existence of a heretofore‐undocumented neural pathway by which visceral signals from the periphery modulate the activity of brain regions involved in feeding behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2150–2164, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissociation between amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis during threat anticipation in female post‐traumatic stress disorder patients
Authors: Brinkmann Leonie , Buff Christine , Neumeister Paula , Tupak Sara V. , Becker Michael P.I. , Herrmann Martin J. , Straube Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFeelings of uncontrollability and anxiety regarding possibly harmful events are key features of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Due to a lack of studies, the neural correlates of anticipatory anxiety in PTSD are still poorly understood. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, female PTSD patients with interpersonal violence trauma and healthy controls (HC) anticipated the temporally unpredictable presentation of aversive (human scream) or neutral sounds. Based on separate analysis models, we investigated phasic and sustained brain activations. PTSD patients reported increased anxiety during anticipation of aversive versus neutral sounds. Furthermore, we found both increased initial, phasic amygdala activation and increased sustained activation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during anticipation of aversive versus neutral sounds in PTSD patients in comparison to HC. PTSD patients as compared with HC also showed increased phasic responses in mid‐cingulate cortex (MCC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), mid‐insula and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as well as increased sustained responses in MCC, PCC, anterior insula and lateral and medial PFC. Our results demonstrate a relationship between anticipatory anxiety in PTSD patients and hyperresponsiveness of brain regions that have previously been associated with PTSD symptomatology. Additionally, the dissociation between amygdala and BNST indicates distinct temporal and functional characteristics and suggests that phasic fear and sustained anxiety responses are enhanced during unpredictable anticipation of aversive stimuli in PTSD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2190–2205, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolapse of the Fallopian Tube Following Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Sumathy V. , Baucom Karan 
Published: January 2017

Sumathy, V. and Baucom, K. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri‐Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Miss., USA). Prolapse of the Fallopian tube following abdominal hysterectomy. Report of three cases.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 273–276, 1975.Three cases of prolapse of the Fallopian tube are presented. Probable predisposing factors for this clinical entity include post‐operative pelvic infection, failure to secure separate closure of the peritoneum and vaginal vault following abdominal hysterectomy. Unfortunately symptoms of tubal prolapse are very vague and misleading. Initial diagnosis is usually that of granulation tissue. A biopsy should be taken of any lesion within the vaginal vault which is sensitive to touch, bleeds easily and persists despite cauterization. Treatment of prolapsed tube is that of high ligation and excision. Cauterization of the prolapsed tube does not usually result in permanent cure. It is highly possible that there are more undiagnosed cases than one would imagine.
Morphologic Studies on the Non‐Cancerous Cervix in Jamaicans at Different Ages
Authors: Persaud Vasil 
Published: January 2017

Persaud, V. (Dept. of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica). Morphologic studies on the non‐cancerous cervix in Jamaicans at different ages.Int J Gynaecol Ohstet 14: 433–438, 1976.A morphologic investigation on 100 cervices removed at autopsy from negro Jamaican women at different ages showed that columnar epithelium was frequently located on the portio vaginalis at all ages. The absence of this phenomenon in some fetal cervices supports the hypothesis of embryologic displacement rather than stimulation by maternal estrogens. Squamous metaplasia was common at all ages, even in the fetus; it showed little relationship to chronic inflammation, but the high frequency in post‐pubertal cases (80%) could have some relationship to the high incidence of cervical cancer in Jamaica. Chronic inflammation was not observed in the fetal cervix but occurred in most infants in whom it was attributed to congenital “erosion”. However, the cervices of children revealed a marked discrepancy between the presence of “erosion” and the degree and frequency of chronic inflammation (83%). This change is unexplained and requires further study.
Ectopic Pregnancy in Southern Iran
Authors: Javey Houshang 
Published: January 2017

Javey, H. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran). Ectopic pregnancy in Southern Iran. A statistical review of 96 cases.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 472–476, 1976.A review is presented of 96 cases of ectopic pregnancy over a 7‐year period. It is noted that in recent years the incidence of this problem has increased. Inadequately diagnosed and treated pelvic inflammatory disease has been found to be the main predisposing factor (40%). The rate of extra‐uterine gestation was 1:336 deliveries. In this study, previous fertility was high, and primigravidae constituted only 10.4% of the total. The effect of previous pelvic operations and pelvic infection is discussed; a statistical review of signs and symptoms is tabulated, and the management of the patient and of concomitant problems is presented.
Biophysical Aspects on Radiofrequency Diagnosis in Gynecology
Authors: Joelsson Ingemar , Höglund Astrid , Rudolfsson‐ÅSBERG Carin , Ingelman‐Sundberg Axel , Odeblad Erik 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTClinical investigations have suggested that absorption of radiofrequent energy may differ between normal tissue and endometrial carcinoma. Such an effect can be caused by certain biological properties of the tissue, influencing the function of the electronic circuit which contains the RF emitting coil. The changes of the circuit have to be extracted via electronic devices and translated into information of diagnostic significance. Three different types of detector circuits, the resonance circuit, the marginal oscillator and four bridge circuits have been studied. The fundamental resonance circuit has been found to represent the most reliable device for the extraction of information of medical importance. The data presented in this paper is part of a more extensive investigation, with the ultimate aim to evaluate the depth of penetration of endometrial carcinoma into the myometrium. Such evaluation will facilitate individualized treatment of corpus carcinoma.
Training: An Integral Adjunct to the Introduction of Newer Methods of Fertility Regulation
Authors: Laufe Leonard E. , McCann Margaret F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe provision of new technologies of fertility control that are known to be safer, simpler, and more effective may at first result in higher complication rates, particularly if training in the new techniques is inadequate. This was illustrated by analysis of data on several fertility control methods collected by the International Fertility Research Program. Various studies showed significantly higher complication rates earlier in the series than later, including one study in which complication rates fell dramatically after clinical training was provided. Another study showed the highest complication rate among the physicians performing the fewest number of cases. Finally, one analysis documented greater variability in several clinical criteria among the participating physicians than between the two pieces of equipment being compared. These data document that it is essential to train physicians and other staff members in the proper use of new equipment and techniques if the potential improvements offered by new technologies in fertility regulation are to be realized.
II. Hydatidiform Mole in Southern Iran: A Statistical Survey of 113 Cases
Authors: Javey Houshang , Sajadi Hassan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA statistical review of 113 cases of hydatidiform mole (HM) seen at Pahlavi University Hospital from January 1970 to December 1975 is presented. The incidence of the disease was found to be 1:314 pregnancies. In this study, 73.5% of the patients presumably had acceptable socioeconomic circumstances. The highest incidence of the disease was found in patients 15–25 years old, and it increased with parity. All patients presented with a period of amenorrhea and vaginal spotting. More than 50% of the patients sought treatment after 1–2 weeks of uterine bleeding. Signs and symptoms of the disease are discussed. The management of patients with HM and coexisting difficulties are presented.
Burst Abdomen Following Cesarean Section
Authors: Chukudebelu W. O. , Okafor E. I. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFifty‐one cases of burst abdomen occurred following 1988 cesarean sections performed at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital over a 5‐year period. The incidence of this occurrence was 2.6% (2.3% if all laparotomies in both obstetrics and gynecology are combined). The risk was three times as great for “unbooked” patients, who were first seen in labor. Possible etiologic factors and preventive measures are discussed.