bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinkholes Due to Groundwater Withdrawal in Tazerbo Wellfield, SE Libya
Authors: Alfarrah Nawal , Berhane Gebremedhin , Hweesh Abdelrahim , Walraevens Kristine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe desert of eastern Libya forms one of the most arid regions of the Sahara. The Great Man‐Made River Project (GMRP) was established. It transports millions of cubic meters of water a day from desert wellfields to the coastal cities, where over 80% of the population lives. The Tazerbo Wellfield is one of the wellfields designed within the GMRP, delivering water to the eastern coast of Libya through an underground pipe network. Tazerbo Wellfield consists of 108 production wells; each well was designed to pump 100 L/s. The planned total groundwater withdrawal from all wells is 1 million m3/d. The deep sandstone aquifer (Nubian sandstone) is covered by a thick mudstone‐siltstone aquitard and is being heavily pumped. The aquifer and fine‐grained sediments of the aquitard may be compacted resulting in land subsidence as a result of high exploitation. Local sinkholes have developed in the area of Tazerbo since the start of the pumping from the wellfield in 2004. These sinkholes have been caused mainly by lowering of the piezometric heads due to the withdrawal of groundwater. In this study, a hydrogeological investigation is presented about the effect of large groundwater pumping from the Nubian sandstone aquifer in Tazerbo Wellfield, SE Libya, based on physical parameters for 108 production wells and 23 observation wells.
PhotoExam: adoption of an iOS‐based clinical image capture application at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D. , Willaert Brian N. , Pallagi Peter J. , Uribe Richard A. , Yiannias James A. , Hellmich Thomas R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundMayo Clinic developed an internal iOS‐based, point‐of‐care clinical image capture application for clinicians. We aimed to assess the adoption and utilization of the application at Mayo Clinic.MethodsMetadata of 22,784 photos of 6417 patients taken by 606 users over 8040 clinical encounters between 3/1/2015 and 10/31/2015 were analyzed. A random sample of photos from 100 clinical encounters was assessed for quality using a five‐item rubric. Use of traditional medical photography services before and after application launch were compared.ResultsThe largest group of users was residents/fellows, accounting for 31% of users but only 18% of all photos. Attending physicians accounted for 29% of users and 30% of photos. Nurses accounted for 14% of users and 28% of photos. Surgical specialties had the most users (36% of users), followed by dermatology (14% of users); however, dermatology accounted for 54% of all photos, and surgery accounted for 26% of photos. Images received an average of 91% of possible points on the quality scoring rubric. Most frequent reasons for missing points were the location on the body not clearly being demonstrated (19% of encounters) and the perspective/scale not being clearly demonstrated (12% of encounters). There was no discernible pre‐post effect of the application's launch on use of traditional medical photography services.ConclusionsPoint‐of‐care clinical photography is a growing phenomenon with potential to become the new standard of care. Patient and provider attitudes and the impact on patient outcomes remain unclear.
High‐pressure microfluidisation pretreatment disaggregate peanut protein isolates to prepare antihypertensive peptide fractions
Authors: Gong Kuijie , Deng Lei , Shi Aimin , Liu Hongzhi , Liu Li , Hu Hui , Adhikari Benu , Wang Qiang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHigh‐pressure microfluidisation (HPM) pretreatment was applied to increase in vitro antihypertensive activity of peanut peptide fractions (PPF). The morphology of protein in aqueous dispersion revealed that peanut protein isolate (PPI) disaggregated at relatively low pressure (≤120 MPa) and re‐aggregated at relatively high pressures (150–210 MPa). The treated pressure of 120 MPa could lead to the most disaggregation of PPI. Small peptides contents, trichloroacetic acid‐nitrogen soluble index (TCA‐NSI) and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of peanut protein hydrolysates (PPH) all reached the highest at 120 MPa. Consequently, it possessed the highest angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin inhibitory activity. The highest surface hydrophobicity occurred at 120 MPa pretreatment samples. Thirty‐nine oligopeptides at 120 MPa pretreatment were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight (UPLC‐Q‐TOF) mass spectrometer combined with Progenesis QI for Proteomics software compared with 29 and 35 at control and 210 MPa, respectively. This meant that disaggregation of PPI at 120 MPa resulted in the release of new hydrophobic peptide.
Global assays of fibrinolysis
Authors: Ilich A. , Bokarev I. , Key N. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFibrinolysis is an important and integral part of the hemostatic system. Acting as a balance to blood coagulation, the fibrinolytic system protects the body from unwanted thrombus formation and occlusion of blood vessels. As long as blood coagulation and fibrinolysis remain in equilibrium, response to injury, such as vessel damage, is appropriately regulated. However, alterations in this balance may lead to thrombosis or bleeding. A variety of methods have been proposed to assess fibrinolytic activity in blood or its components, but due to the complexity of the system, the design of a “gold standard” assay that reflects overall fibrinolysis has remained an elusive goal. In this review, we describe the most commonly used methods that have been described, such as thromboelastography (TEG and ROTEM), global fibrinolytic capacity in plasma and whole blood, plasma turbidity methods, simultaneous thrombin and plasmin generation assays, euglobulin clot lysis time and fibrin plate methods. All of these assays have strengths and limitations. We suggest that some methods may be preferable for detecting hypofibrinolytic conditions, whereas others may be better for detecting hyperfibrinolytic states.
Rethinking Urban Refugee Resettlement: A Case Study of One Karen Community in Rural Georgia, USA.
Authors: Gilhooly Daniel , Lee Eunbae 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile refugee resettlements in urban areas have historically had negative outcomes, alternatives have not been adequately discussed. This study aims to shed light on refugee's rural resettlement via an ethnographic case study. The participatory action research team consisting of refugee youth and outside academics investigated two rural Karen communities in Georgia and three urban communities via semi‐structured interviews and participant observation. Interview transcripts, field notes, video recordings of observations, and dialogues among researchers served as rich data for thematic analysis. We found refugees like the Karen, who came from rural agricultural backgrounds, benefitted from the familiar lifestyle of rural living. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of rural resettlement for refugees regarding community support, insecurity, inter‐ethnic conflict, housing, employment, and cultural heritage and language maintenance. Community leaders and policymakers of refuge resettlement may use the findings in making decisions about the potential for rural resettlement.
CTLA‐4 expressed by FOXP3+ regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory tissue attack and not T‐cell priming in arthritis
Authors: Klocke Katrin , Holmdahl Rikard , Wing Kajsa 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) ‐mediated regulation of already tolerized autoreactive T cells is critical for understanding autoimmune responses. Although defects in CTLA‐4 contribute to abnormal FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell function in rheumatoid arthritis, its role in autoreactive T cells remains elusive. We studied immunity towards the dominant collagen type II (CII) T‐cell epitope in collagen‐induced arthritis both in the heterologous setting and in the autologous setting where CII is mutated at position E266D in mouse cartilage. CTLA‐4 regulated all stages of arthritis, including the chronic phase, and affected the priming of autologous but not heterologous CII‐reactive T cells. CTLA‐4 expression by both conventional T (Tconv) cells and Treg cells was required but while Tconv cell expression was needed to control the priming of naive autoreactive T cells, CTLA‐4 on Treg cells prevented the inflammatory tissue attack. This identifies a cell‐type‐specific time window when CTLA‐4‐mediated tolerance is most powerful, which has important implications for clinical therapy with immune modulatory drugs.
Association between fear of childbirth and maternal acceptance of pregnancy
Authors: Coşkuner Potur D. , Mamuk R. , Şahin N.H. , Demirci N. , Hamlaci Y. 
Published: May 2017

AimThis descriptive study aimed to explore the associations between fear of childbirth, acceptance of pregnancy and identification with the motherhood role among primipara women.BackgroundWomen who have difficulty accepting their pregnancy have a harder time adapting to pregnancy and motherhood and experience more fears related to childbirth. The number of studies conducted on this topic is limited.MethodsThis study involved 310 pregnant women admitted to a public hospital in Istanbul between January and June of 2013. A participant identification form, the Prenatal Self‐Evaluation Questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A were used for data collection.ResultsPregnant women participating in the study experienced moderate levels fear of childbirth. Pregnant women who requested caesarean section experienced more intense fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth scores had significant but weak correlations with acceptance of pregnancy and identification with the motherhood role.ConclusionThe findings showed that acceptance of pregnancy and identification with the motherhood role are weakly associated with fear of childbirth.Implications for nursing and health policyThe results from this study can be used to help: increase awareness among health professionals (doctors, nurses, midwives) in antenatal care services about a mother's adaptation to pregnancy and the negative effects of fear of childbirth; direct future research examining factors affecting adaptation to pregnancy and fear of childbirth; establish routine assessments for adaptation to pregnancy and fear of childbirth; provide professional support for women with difficulties adapting to pregnancy and with fear of childbirth; result in reduced complications from invasive methods such as caesarean section due to less requests for these procedures; and promote the health of mothers and babies.
Revisiting the Profitability of Market Timing with Moving Averages
Authors: Zakamulin Valeriy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn a recent empirical study by Glabadanidis (“Market Timing with Moving Averages” (2015), International Review of Finance 15(13):387–425), the author reports striking evidence of extraordinarily good performance of the moving average trading strategy. In this paper, we demonstrate that this “too good to be true” reported performance of the moving average strategy is due to simulating trading with look‐ahead bias. We perform simulations without look‐ahead bias and report the true performance of the moving average strategy. We find that, at best, the performance of the moving average strategy is only marginally better than that of the corresponding buy‐and‐hold strategy. In statistical terms, the performance of the moving average strategy is indistinguishable from the performance of the buy‐and‐hold strategy.
Effect of surgical periodontal treatment associated to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Martins Sérgio H. L. , Novaes Arthur B. , Taba Mario , Palioto Daniela B. , Messora Michel R. , Reino Danilo M. , Souza Sérgio L. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of an adjunctive single application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in Surgical Periodontal Treatment (ST) in patients with severe chronic periodontitis (SCP).Material and MethodsIn a split‐mouth design, 20 patients with SCP were treated with aPDT+ST (Test Group, TG) or ST only (Control Group, CG). aPDT was applied in a single episode, using a diode laser and a phenothiazine photosensitizer. All patients were monitored until 90 days after surgical therapy. Levels of 40 subgingival species were measured by checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization at baseline, 60 and 150 days. Clinical and microbiological parameters were evaluated.ResultsIn deep periodontal pockets depth (PPD ≥5 mm), Test Group presented a significantly higher decrease in PPD than Control Group at 90 days after surgical therapy (p < .05). Test Group also demonstrated significantly less periodontal pathogens of red complex (Treponema denticola) (p < .05).ConclusionA single episode of aPDT used in adjunct to open flap debridement of the root surface in the surgical treatment of SCP: i) significantly improved clinical periodontal parameters; ii) eliminates periodontal pathogens of the red complex more effectively (NCT02734784).
Development of an atrophic acne scar risk assessment tool
Authors: Tan J. , Thiboutot D. , Gollnick H. , Kang S. , Layton A. , Leyden J.J. , Torres V. , Guillemot J. , Dréno B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a chronic dermatological disease predominantly afflicting young adults and is often associated with the development of scars. Acne scarring is usually avoidable when acne is managed early and effectively. However, acne patients often fail to seek early treatment. New and innovative tools to raise awareness are needed.ObjectiveThis study presents the development and assessment of a tool aiming to assess the risk of atrophic acne scars.MethodsA systematic literature review of clinical risk factors for acne scars, a Delphi‐like survey of dermatological experts in acne and secondary data analysis, were conducted to produce an evidence‐based risk assessment tool. The tool was assessed both with a sample of young adults with and without scars and was assessed via a database cross‐validation.ResultsA self‐administered tool for risk assessment of developing atrophic acne scars in young adults was developed. It is a readily comprehensible and practical tool for population education and for use in medical practices. It comprises of four risk factors: worst ever severity of acne, duration of acne, family history of atrophic acne scars and lesion manipulation behaviours. It provides a dichotomous outcome: lower vs. higher risk of developing scars, thereby categorizing nearly two‐thirds of the population correctly, with sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 43%.ConclusionThe present tool was developed as a response to current challenges in acne scar prevention. A potential benefit is to encourage those at risk to self‐identify and to seek active intervention of their acne. In clinical practice, we expect this tool may help clinicians identify patients at risk of atrophic acne scarring and underscore their requirement for rapid and effective acne treatment.
Asia‐Pacific Colorectal Screening score: A useful tool to stratify risk for colorectal advanced neoplasms in Vietnamese patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Quach Duc Trong , Hiyama Toru , Nguyen Thu Anh , Ly Hoa Quoc , Tanaka Shinji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe Asia‐Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score has been validated in several populations but not yet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to assess the performance of APCS score in stratifying risk of colorectal advanced neoplasms (CAN) in Vietnamese IBS patients.MethodsConsecutive patients who fulfilled IBS diagnosis criteria according to the Rome III were prospectively enrolled and underwent colonoscopy. APCS score for each patient was calculated by summing the points attributed by risk factors. Three tiers of risk were defined: 0–1 “average risk” (AR); 2–3 “moderate risk” (MR); and 4–7 “high risk” (HR). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relative risk of CAN in HR group and MR group compared with AR group.ResultsThere were 404 patients with excellent bowel preparation and complete colonoscopy. The mean age was 48.8 ± 11.2 years and male : female ratio was 1.2:1. Twenty‐eight patients (6.9%) were diagnosed with CAN: 19 (4.7%) advanced adenoma and 9 (2.2%) invasive colorectal cancer. Patients in the MR and HR tiers had 5.6‐fold (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 24.7, P = 0.012) and 12.1‐fold (95% confidence interval 2.6 to 56.2, P < 0.001) increased rates of CAN compared with those in the AR tier, respectively. Three out of 9 patients with invasive colorectal cancer had no alarm features but had high sum APCS score (2 in MR tier and 1 in HR tier).ConclusionThe APCS score is useful to identify IBS patients with high risk of CAN for colonoscopy priority.
Risk factors of periodontal disease in Vietnamese patients
Authors: Pham Thuy A. V. , Kieu Thoai Q. , Ngo Lan T. Q. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess the association of periodontitis with dental and smoking behaviors, self‐perception of oral status, dental knowledge, and obesity in Vietnamese patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 367 adults who first visited the Faculty of Odonto‐Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Information on demographic characteristics, dental and smoking behaviors, self‐perception of oral status, dental knowledge, and nutritional status was investigated by a self‐administered questionnaire. Periodontal status, including plaque index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing, was examined. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to explore risk factors that were associated with periodontitis after adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsDental and smoking behaviors, dental knowledge, and nutritional status were all significantly related to periodontitis. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients who had risk factors significantly associated with periodontitis were those who had dental scaling during the past year (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2), current smokers (OR: 2.47), who received instructions on oral hygiene (OR=1.73), and those who were overweight/obese (OR: 4.78).ConclusionPeriodontitis was correlated with dental and smoking behaviors, dental knowledge, and nutritional status in Vietnamese dental patients. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, reducing tobacco consumption, motivating oral self‐care behaviors, together with normal weight maintenance, are necessary to reduce periodontal disease burdens.
Heterogeneous extracellular dopamine regulation in the subregions of the olfactory tubercle
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Wakabayashi Ken T. , Szalkowski Caitlin , Bhimani Rohan V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent studies show that dense dopamine (DA) innervation from the ventral tegmental area to the olfactory tubercle (OT) may play an important role in processing multisensory information pertaining to arousal and reward, yet little is known about DA regulation in the OT. This is mainly due to the anatomical limitations of conventional methods of determining DA dynamics in small heterogeneous OT subregions located in the ventral most part of the brain. Additionally, there is increasing awareness that anteromedial and anterolateral subregions of the OT have distinct functional roles in natural and psychostimulant drug reinforcement as well as in regulating other types of behavioral responses, such as aversion. Here, we compared extracellular DA regulation (release and clearance) in three subregions (anteromedial, anterolateral, and posterior) of the OT of urethane‐anesthetized rats, using in vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry following electrical stimulation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic cell bodies. The neurochemical, anatomical, and pharmacological evidence confirmed that the major electrically evoked catecholamine in the OT was DA across both its anteroposterior and mediolateral extent. While both D2 autoreceptors and DA transporters play important roles in regulating DA evoked in OT subregions, DA in the anterolateral OT was regulated less by the D2 receptors when compared to other OT subregions. Comparing previous data from other DA rich ventral striatum regions, the slow DA clearance across the OT subregions may lead to a high extracellular DA concentration and contribute towards volume transmission. These differences in DA regulation in the terminals of OT subregions and other limbic structures will help us understand the neural regulatory mechanisms of DA in the OT, which may elucidate its distinct functional contribution in the ventral striatum towards mediating aversion, reward and addiction processes.image
Understanding the impact of haemodialysis on UK National Health Service patients’ well‐being: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Jones Daniel JW , Harvey Kate , Harris John P , Butler Laurie T , Vaux Emma C 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesWhile haemodialysis is an effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease, the requirements and restrictions it imposes on patients can be onerous. The aim of this study was to obtain UK National Health Service patients’ perspectives on the challenges arising from haemodialysis with the intention of identifying potential improvements.BackgroundDepression rates are particularly high in those with end‐stage renal disease; however, there is limited insight into the range of stressors associated with haemodialysis treatment within the National Health Service contributing to such high rates, particularly those of a cognitive or psychological nature.DesignA qualitative approach was used to obtain rich, patient‐focused data; one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with twenty end‐stage renal disease at a UK National Health Service centre.MethodsPatients were interviewed during a typical haemodialysis session. Thematic analysis was used to systematically interpret the data. Codes were created in an inductive and cyclical process using a constant comparative approach.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data: (i) fluctuations in cognitive/physical well‐being across the haemodialysis cycle, (ii) restrictions arising from the haemodialysis treatment schedule, (iii) emotional impact of haemodialysis on the self and others. The findings are limited to predominantly white, older patients (median = 74 years) within a National Health Service setting.ConclusionsSeveral of the experiences reported by patients as challenging and distressing have so far been overlooked in the literature. A holistic‐based approach to treatment, acknowledging all aspects of a patient's well‐being, is essential if optimal quality of life is to be achieved by healthcare providers.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used to inform future interventions and guidelines aimed at improving patients’ treatment adherence and outcomes, for example, improved reliable access to mental health specialists.