bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sulfoxide‐Based Isobaric Labelling Reagent for Accurate Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Stadlmeier Michael , Bogena Jana , Wallner Miriam , Wühr Martin , Carell Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractModern proteomics requires reagents for exact quantification of peptides in complex mixtures. Peptide labelling is most typically achieved with isobaric tags that consist of a balancer and a reporter part that separate in the gas phase. An ingenious distribution of stable isotopes provides multiple reagents with identical molecular weight but a different mass of the reporter groups, allowing relative quantification of multiple samples in one measurement. Here we report a new isobaric labelling reagent, where the balancer and the reporter are linked by a sulfoxide group, which, based on the sulfoxide pyrolysis, leads to easy and asymmetric cleavage at low fragmentation energy. The fragmentation of our new design is significantly improved, yielding more intense complementary ion signals, allowing complementary ion cluster analysis as well.
Cobalt‐Bridged Ionic Liquid Polymer on a Carbon Nanotube for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Klyushin Alexander , Huang Xing , Jones Travis , Teschner Detre , Girgsdies Frank , Rodenas Tania , Schlögl Robert , Heumann Saskia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBy taking inspiration from the catalytic properties of single‐site catalysts and the enhancement of performance through ionic liquids on metal catalysts, we exploited a scalable way to place single cobalt ions on a carbon‐nanotube surface bridged by polymerized ionic liquid. Single dispersed cobalt ions coordinated by ionic liquid are used as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Performance data reveals high activity and stable operation without chemical instability.
Studies on crosslinking and thermal behavior of phthalonitrile end‐capped imide monomer in presence of aromatic amines
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Choudhary Veena 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a bisphthalonitrile monomer having an imide linkage prepared by reacting 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride with 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile. The structure of the monomer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The curing behavior of bisphthalonitrile monomer was investigated in the absence or presence of different diamines using differential scanning calorimetry. Diamines 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (DDE) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were used to investigate the effect of the structure of diamines on the curing behavior of bisphthalonitrile monomer. An exothermic transition due to curing was observed in the DSC scan, and the curing temperature was found to be dependent on the nucleophilicity of the amine. DDE was found to be more reactive than DDS. The thermal stability of the cured resins was evaluated using thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere. All of the cured samples were stable up to 400 °C and leave behind 62% char residue at 800 °C, which was found to be dependent on the structure of the diamine used for curing as well as on the curing conditions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46151.
Mechanical and thermal properties of coal gasification fine slag reinforced low density polyethylene composites
Authors: Ai Weidong , Xue Bing , Wei Cundi , Dou Kuizhou , Miao Shiding 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTCoal gasification fine slag (CGFS) was processed via a grading technique. The CGFS products (CGFS‐S1, CGFS‐S2, CGFS‐S3) with different sizes were obtained. Effects of particle size and unburned carbon on tensile properties of filled low density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied within the CGFS weight fractions ranging from 10 to 50 wt %. The tensile strength was found to increase with decreasing CGFS size, and the tensile properties exhibited good performance, owing to unburned carbon. The tensile strength of the composites increased with increasing CGFS‐S3 weight fraction. The analysis of mathematical model and SEM revealed that the firm improvement of tensile strength resulted from the strong interactions between LDPE polymer chains and CGFS‐S3 particles, and good dispersion of CGFS‐S3 in resin. Thermogravimetric analysis proved obvious reinforcement in thermal‐oxidative stability by incorporation of CGFS‐S3. The degree of crystallinity of LDPE/CGFS‐S3 showed the first increased and then decreased variation tendency. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46203.
Linking pipefishes and seahorses to seagrass meadows in the Venice lagoon: Implications for conservation
Authors: Scapin Luca , Cavraro Francesco , Malavasi Stefano , Riccato Federico , Zucchetta Matteo , Franzoi Piero 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Seagrass meadow degradation and loss is one of the major threats to fish biodiversity in coastal marine and lagoon ecosystems in the Mediterranean. Pipefishes and seahorses (family Syngnathidae) are particularly affected by loss of seagrass meadows and other structured habitats, on which they rely for survival and reproduction. Despite their charismatic appearance and peculiar behaviour, their habitat ecology is still poorly understood in Mediterranean coastal waters.
This study focuses on syngnathid assemblage composition and diversity in the shallow waters of the Venice lagoon (Italy), aiming at highlighting habitat preferences and providing insights into the conservation of biodiversity in these ecosystems. Generalized Additive Models were used in order to disentangle the potential effect of habitat typologies and different architectures of seagrass meadows from that of other environmental parameters.
Most abundant taxa and whole syngnathid assemblage indicators were positively associated with seagrass meadows. Only few species, however, were seagrass specialists in shallow waters, and preferred meadows with taller canopies.
Despite that, other structured habitats including short‐leaved seagrass meadows and macroalgal beds were important for some species and overall assemblage diversity.
Managers in Mediterranean coastal lagoons should thus limit human pressures that lead to the depletion of seagrass meadows, with particular attention to long‐ and broad‐leaved species in less confined areas. Nevertheless, syngnathid assemblages would benefit from the preservation and restoration of the overall habitat diversity characterizing shallow waters in coastal lagoon.
Future studies should aim at investigating the potential role of habitats at greater depths in supporting syngnathids.
Development of the Lunate‐Shaped Caudal Fin in White Shark Embryos
Authors: Tomita Taketeru , Toda Minoru , Miyamoto Kei , Oka Shin‐Ichiro , Ueda Keiichi , Sato Keiichi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe lunate‐shaped caudal fin in lamnid sharks is a morphological specialization for their thunniform mode of locomotion, but its developmental process during gestation has been poorly investigated. Observations of 21 embryonic specimens of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) revealed that their caudal fin morphology drastically changes from strongly heterocercal to lunate‐shaped through ontogeny. This morphological change involves (1) rapid elongation of the ventral lobe, (2) increased upward curvature of the vertebra within the caudal fin, and (3) formation of keels at both lateral sides of the caudal fin base. These morphological changes are probably shared among the members of the family Lamnidae and are in contrast with the developmental process of the heterocercal tail in the lamniform Carcharias taurus, in which the caudal fin morphology is almost unchanged through the late gestation period. Anat Rec, 301:1068–1073, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study on the Lamina Propria Cells Beneath Paneth Cells in the Rat Ileum
Authors: Mantani Youhei , Nishida Miho , Yamamoto Kyouji , Miyamoto Kazuki , Yuasa Hideto , Masuda Natsumi , Omotehara Takuya , Tsuruta Hiroki , Yokoyama Toshifumi , Hoshi Nobuhiko , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPaneth cells secrete bactericidal substances in response to bacterial proliferation on the mucosal surface without directly contacting bacteria. However, the induction mechanism of this transient secretion has not been clarified, although nervous system and/or immunocompetent cells in the lamina propria (LP) might be involved. In this study, we ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically investigated which LP cells are localized beneath Paneth cells and examined the relationship between the Paneth cell‐derived cellular processes which extended into the LP and the LP cells. The results showed that various cells—including blood capillary, subepithelial stromal cell, and nerve fiber—were present in the LP beneath Paneth cells. Endothelial cells of blood capillary were the cells most frequently found in this location; they were situated within 1 μm of the Paneth cells and possessed fenestration on the surfaces adjacent to Paneth cells. The Paneth cells rarely extended the cellular processes toward the LP across the basal lamina. Most of the cellular processes of Paneth cells contacted the subepithelial stromal cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the CD34+CD31−αSMA− stromal cells preferentially localized in the LP beneath the intestinal crypt base, while PDGFRαhiαSMA+ stromal cells mainly localized around the lateral portions of the intestinal crypt and PDGFRαhiαSMA− stromal cells localized in the intestinal villus. From these findings, the existence of blood capillaries beneath Paneth cells might reflect the active exocrine function of Paneth cells. Furthermore, subepithelial stromal cells, probably with a CD34+CD31−αSMA− PDGFRα−/lo phenotype, beneath the crypt base might affect Paneth cell activity by interacting with their cellular processes. Anat Rec, 301:1074–1085, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of Fluorinated Amido Esters through Unexpected C3−C4 Bond Fission in 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐3‐oxo‐β‐lactams
Authors: Dao Thi Hang , Goossens Hannelore , Hertsen Dietmar , Otte Valerie , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Van Speybroeck Veronique , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: January 2018

Abstract4‐Trifluoromethyl‐3‐oxo‐β‐lactams were unexpectedly transformed into 2‐[(2,2‐difluorovinyl)amino]‐2‐oxoacetates as major products, accompanied by minor amounts of 2‐oxo‐2‐[(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)amino]acetates, upon treatment with alkyl halides and triethylamine in DMSO. This peculiar C3−C4 bond fission reactivity was investigated in‐depth, from both an experimental and a computational point of view, in order to shed light on the underlying reaction mechanism.
Carbon Dots: Bottom‐Up Syntheses, Properties, and Light‐Harvesting Applications
Authors: Choi Yuri , Choi Yeongkyu , Kwon Oh‐Hoon , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of cost‐effective and environmentally friendly photocatalysts and photosensitizers has received tremendous attention because of their potential utilization in solar‐light‐harvesting applications. In this respect, carbon dots (CDs) prepared by bottom‐up methods have been considered to be promising light‐harvesting materials. Through their preparation from various molecular precursors and synthetic methods, CDs exhibit excellent optical and charge‐transfer properties. Furthermore, their photophysical properties can be readily optimized and enhanced by means of doping, functionalization, and post‐synthetic treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in CDs synthesized using bottom‐up approaches. These CDs exhibit strong light absorption and unique electron donor/acceptor capabilities for light‐harvesting applications. We anticipate that this review will provide new insights into novel types of photosensitizers and photocatalysts for a wide range of applications.
Application of a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model for the prediction of bumetanide plasma and brain concentrations in the neonate
Authors: Donovan Maria D. , Abduljalil Khaled , Cryan John F. , Boylan Geraldine B. , Griffin Brendan T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBumetanide is a loop diuretic that is proposed to possess a beneficial effect on disorders of the central nervous system, including neonatal seizures. Therefore, prediction of unbound bumetanide concentrations in the brain is relevant from a pharmacological prospective. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for the prediction of bumetanide disposition in plasma and brain in adult and paediatric populations. A compound file was built for bumetanide integrating physicochemical data and in vitro data. Bumetanide concentration profiles were simulated in both plasma and brain using the Simcyp PBPK model. Simulations of plasma bumetanide concentrations were compared against plasma levels published in the literature. The model performance was verified with data from adult studies before predictions in the paediatric population were undertaken. The adult and paediatric intravenous models predicted pharmacokinetic factors, namely area under the concentration–time curve, maximum concentration in plasma and time to maximum plasma concentration, within two‐fold of observed values. However, predictions of plasma concentrations within the neonatal intravenous model did not produce a good fit with the observed values. The PBPK approach used in this study produced reasonable predictions of plasma concentrations of bumetanide, except in the critically ill neonatal population. This PBPK model requires more information regarding metabolic intrinsic clearance and transport parameters prior to further validation of drug disposition predictions in the neonatal population. Given the lack of information surrounding certain parameters in this special population, the model is not appropriately robust to support the recommendation of a suitable dose of bumetanide for use as an adjunct antiepileptic in neonates.
Inhibitory effects of sulfonylureas and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on in vitro metabolism of canagliflozin in human liver microsomes
Authors: Algeelani Sara , Alkhelb Dalal , Greenblatt David J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCanagliflozin, used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is commonly co‐administered with sulfonylureas. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible inhibitory effect of sulfonylureas and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on canagliflozin metabolism in vitro. Three sulfonylurea derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors: chlorpropamide, glimepiride and gliclazide. Two other NSAIDs were used as positive control inhibitors: niflumic acid and diclofenac. The rate of formation of canagliflozin metabolites was determined by HPLC analysis of in vitro incubations of canagliflozin as a substrate with and without inhibitors, using human liver microsomes (HLMs). Among sulfonylureas, glimepiride showed the most potent inhibitory effect against canagliflozin M7 metabolite formation, with an IC50 value of 88 μm, compared to chlorpropamide and gliclazide with IC50 values of more than 500 μm. Diclofenac inhibited M5 metabolite formation more than M7, with IC50 values of 32 μm for M5 and 80 μm for M7. Niflumic acid showed no inhibition activity against M5 formation, but had relatively selective inhibitory potency against M7 formation, which is catalysed by UGT1A9, with an IC50 value of 1.9 μm and an inhibition constant value of 0.8 μm. A clinical pharmacokinetic interaction between canagliflozin and sulfonylureas is unlikely. However, a possible clinically important drug interaction between niflumic acid and canagliflozin has been identified.
Detection and Selection Decisions with Conditional Feedback: Interaction of Task Uncertainty and Base Rate
Authors: Holzworth Robert James , Stewart Thomas R. , Mumpower Jeryl L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEffects of task uncertainty on decision thresholds in a multiple cue decision task were examined under two types of feedback and three base rate conditions. In most such decision experiments, participants receive feedback after every trial (full feedback) with a single (usually .5) base rate. Our experiment explored conditional (decision‐contingent) feedback, in a task representing a detection problem (passenger screening) in which the decision maker receives no feedback unless the decision is positive (search the passenger). Increased uncertainty made all dependent measures worse. Task uncertainty had detrimental effects on both judgment and decision making, and interacted with effects of feedback and base rate. Decision performance was better with full feedback than with conditional feedback, but not by much. There may be no single unifying explanation for results of our base rate manipulation. Conditional feedback generally resulted in fewer positive decisions than full feedback, but not in the low (.1) base rate condition. Results provide partial support for constructivist encoding and for accuracy maximization with moderate and high base rates, but not with a low base rate. Our results indicated lower selection rates with conditional feedback compared with full feedback in moderate and high base rate conditions, and a more exploratory strategy with higher selection rates with conditional feedback compared with full feedback when base rate was low. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra scale‐down approaches to study the centrifugal harvest for viral vaccine production
Authors: Melinek Beatrice J. , Dessoy Sandrine , Wright Bernice , Bracewell Dan G. , Mukhopadhyay Tarit K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLarge scale continuous cell‐line cultures promise greater reproducibility and efficacy for the production of influenza vaccines, and adenovirus for gene therapy. This paper seeks to use an existing validated ultra scale‐down tool, which is designed to mimic the commercial scale process environment using only milliliters of material, to provide some initial insight into the performance of the harvest step for these processes. The performance of industrial scale centrifugation and subsequent downstream process units is significantly affected by shear. The properties of these cells, in particular their shear sensitivity, may be changed considerably by production of a viral product, but literature on this is limited to date. In addition, the scale‐down tool used here has not previously been applied to the clarification of virus production processes. The results indicate that virus infected cells do not actually show any increase in sensitivity to shear, and may indeed become less shear sensitive, in a similar manner to that previously observed in old or dead cell cultures. Clarification may be most significantly dependent on the virus release mechanism, with the budding influenza virus producing a much greater decrease in clarification than the lytic, non‐enveloped adenovirus. A good match was also demonstrated to the industrial scale performance in terms of clarification, protein release, and impurity profile.
Isotype dependent on‐column non‐reversible aggregation of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Farys Monika , Gibson Daniel , Lewis Alan P. , Lewis Will , Kucia‐Tran Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies of the IgG2 and IgG4 isotype were found to exhibit an increased propensity for displaying two‐peak elution profiles during cation exchange chromatography. In some cases, this two‐peak elution profile also resulted in the formation of non‐reversible mAb aggregates. Comparison of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 molecules with the same variable region reveals that the two‐peak behaviour is predominantly mediated by the constant region and most likely the lower CH1, hinge and upper CH2 regions of the mAb. Furthermore, comparison of the behaviour of two different IgG4 molecules, reveals that the degree of non‐reversible aggregate formation, whilst facilitated by the isotype format, is mediated primarily by the variable region of the molecule. As well as the properties of the mAb molecule itself, the chemistry and structure of the cation exchange resin was also found to have an effect, with the two‐peak elution profile being more pronounced with polymer‐grafted resins such as Capto S Impact and Eshmuno CPX. These results combined support the theory that binding of IgG2 and IgG4 mAbs to cation exchange resins usually occurs through at least two mechanisms mediated by the structural features of the constant region of IgG2s and IgG4s. One of these mechanisms is not only stronger than the other, but also can lead to a conformational change in the molecule. This conformational change can occur in both variable and constant domains of the antibody. This transitory unfolded state can in turn lead to non‐reversible aggregation of some mAb molecules.
An MS excel add‐in for teaching hydraulics of pipe flow in engineering curricula
Authors: Demir Selami , Duman Selin , Manav Demir Neslihan , Karadeniz Aykut , Lubura Edin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper presents implementation of an MS Excel add‐in incorporating Visual Basic for Applications for teaching pipe flow calculations in undergraduate and graduate level. The add‐in contains a total of 108 functions for several purposes ranging from continuity equation to branching pipes and pipe network problems. Tip texts and a number of userforms were developed for easy use of the tool. A user's guide was also prepared that includes the theory of hydraulic calculations and numerical methods involved. Being an add‐in for MS Excel, the tool is a perfect candidate for implementing as an educational tool in undergraduate and graduate level education.