bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Optimal Selection of Wavelet Vanishing Moments for ECG Denoising
Authors: Peng Ziran , Wang Guojun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe frequency characteristics of wavelets and the vanishing moments of wavelet filters are both important parameters of wavelets. Clarifying the relationship between the wavelet frequency characteristics and the vanishing moments of the wavelet filter can provide a theoretical basis for selecting the best wavelet. In this paper, the frequency characteristics of wavelets were analyzed by mathematical modeling, the mathematical relationship between wavelet frequency characteristics and vanishing moments was clarified, the optimal wavelet base function was selected hierarchically according to the amplitude frequency characteristics of ECG signal, and an accurate notch filter was realized according to the frequency characteristics of the noise. The experimental results showed that the optimal orthogonal wavelet analysis for the ECG signals with different frequency characteristics could make the high frequency energy distribution sparser, and the method proposed in this paper could effectively preserve the singularity of the signal and reduce the signal distortion.
Anisotropic etching of graphite and graphene in a remote hydrogen plasma
Authors: Hug D. , Zihlmann S. , Rehmann M. K. , Kalyoncu Y. B. , Camenzind T. N. , Marot L. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Zumbühl D. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigate the etching of a pure hydrogen plasma on graphite samples and graphene flakes on SiO2 and hexagonal boron-nitride substrates. The pressure and distance dependence of the graphite exposure experiments reveals the existence of two distinct plasma regimes: the direct and the remote plasma regime. Graphite surfaces exposed directly to the hydrogen plasma exhibit numerous etch pits of various size and depth, indicating continuous defect creation throughout the etching process. In contrast, anisotropic etching forming regular and symmetric hexagons starting only from preexisting defects and edges is seen in the remote plasma regime, where the sample is located downstream, outside of the glowing plasma. This regime is possible in a narrow window of parameters where essentially all ions have already recombined, yet a flux of H-radicals performing anisotropic etching is still present. At the required process pressures, the radicals can recombine only on surfaces, not in the gas itself. Thus, the tube material needs to exhibit a sufficiently low H radical recombination coefficient, such as found for quartz or pyrex. In the remote regime, we investigate the etching of single layer and bilayer graphene on SiO2 and hexagonal boron-nitride substrates. We find isotropic etching for single layer graphene on SiO2, whereas we observe highly anisotropic etching for graphene on a hexagonal boron-nitride substrate. For bilayer graphene, anisotropic etching is observed on both substrates. Finally, we demonstrate the use of artificial defects to create well defined graphene nanostructures with clean crystallographic edges.
Black phosphorus: a two-dimensional reductant for in situ nanofabrication
Authors: Huang Hao , Xiao Quanlan , Wang Jiahong , Yu Xue-Feng , Wang Huaiyu , Zhang Han , Chu Paul K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe reducing capability of two-dimensional black phosphorus is demonstrated. The high reducing ability and unique two-dimensional morphology of black phosphorus not only facilitate in situ synthesis of Au nanoparticles and BP@Au composites, but also enable multiscale control of local reduction of GO to reduced GO (rGO). The novel two-dimensional reductant has large potential in various in situ nanofabrication applications.
Long-Term Challenges to Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Darain Haider , Ullah Irfan , Dildar Muhammad , Ibrar Muhammad 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungÜber die Langzeitfolgen des Erdbebens im Jahr 2005 in Pakistan für Patienten, die eine Rückenmarksverletzung erlitten haben, wurde wenig berichtet. Obwohl seitdem mehr als 10 Jahre vergangen sind, benötigen betroffene Patienten in diesen Regionen immer noch ein umfassendes Rehabilitationsprogramm. Insgesamt 180 Teilnehmer wurden für diese Befragung kontaktiert; zur Datenerhebung wurde ein Fragebogen zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität genutzt. Die gesammelten Daten wurden mit SPSS, Version 23, ausgewertet. Ein Großteil der Teilnehmer ordnete sich in die Kategorie ‚schlechter Gesundheitszustand‘ ein. Die durchschnittliche Zeit, in der die Teilnehmer in den letzten 30 Tagen physische und psychische Beschwerden hatten, betrug 3,0 ± 1,6 Tage, beziehungsweise 4,8 ± 1,8 Tage. Die Hauptprobleme dieser Patienten sind nach wie vor Rückenschmerzen und Gehunfähigkeit. In den vom Erdbeben betroffenen Gebieten besteht immer noch Verbesserungsbedarf in der Rehabilitation von Menschen mit Behinderungen, insbesondere mit Rückenmarksverletzungen.
Lung Metastasectomy for Pulmonary Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Macherey Sascha , Mallmann Peter , Malter Wolfram , Doerr Fabian , Heldwein Matthias , Wahlers Thorsten , Hekmat Khosro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBreast carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis can be treated locally or systemically. Following primary tumour resection patients with isolated, completely resectable pulmonary nodules and definite functional operability can be offered lung metastasis resection. Following metastasectomy a median survival of 32 to 96.6 months can be achieved with corresponding five-year survival rates between 30.8 and 54.4%. The procedure is associated with a mortality rate of 0 to 3%. The most important independent prognostic factor for long-term survival is complete resection of all lung lesions. The configuration and pattern of metastasis as well as disease-free interval, hormone and HER2/neu receptor status also appear to influence prognosis, but are of lesser importance. Intrapulmonary recurrence of metastases may, after careful selection on a case-by-case basis, also be treated operatively. In some cases this is associated with a favourable long-term prognosis. Pulmonary metastasectomy should be the treatment of choice for selected patients with metastatic breast carcinoma.
Calcium sulfuricum
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungAuf Basis einer Fallsammlung wird die Arzneifindung von Calcium sulfuricum erläutert. Es handelt sich um eine im Repertorium schlecht repräsentierte Arznei, die eher in klinischen Rubriken vertreten ist. Unter Abgleich der existierenden Arzneimittelprüfungen werden Vorschläge für Ergänzungen im Repertorium erarbeitet. Als „hitziges Calcium carbonicum“ kommt es vor allem bei Eiterungsprozessen zur Anwendung.
Glutamate transporter GLAST controls synaptic wrapping by Bergmann glia and ensures proper wiring of Purkinje cells
Authors: Miyazaki Taisuke , Yamasaki Miwako , Hashimoto Kouichi , Kohda Kazuhisa , Yuzaki Michisuke , Shimamoto Keiko , Tanaka Kohichi , Kano Masanobu , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Here we show that GLAST, a major glutamate transporter in the cerebellar cortex, is essential for synaptic wrapping by Bergmann glia and synaptic wiring on Purkinje cells (PCs) by parallel fibers (PFs) and climbing fibers (CFs). Without GLAST, monoinnervation of PCs by single strong CFs and segregation of CF and PF territories along PC dendrites cannot develop normally or be maintained. PCs are frequently innervated by additional CF, whereas innervation by main CFs becomes weaker. Ectopic PF synapses appear at proximal dendrites, causing disruption of CF and PF territory segregation along PC dendrites. We conclude that GLAST is indispensable for the establishment of excitatory synaptic wiring to PCs through competition between CFs and between CFs and PFs.
Early Christian Rhetoric(s)In Situ
Authors: Geraths Cory 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, an unprecedented number of Gnostic manuscripts were unearthed at sites across Egypt. Discovered on the Cairo antiquities market, in ancient trash heaps, and in buried jars, these papyri have radically refigured the landscape of early Christian history. Rhetoric, however, has overlooked the Gnostics. Long denigrated as heretical, Gnostic texts invite historians of rhetoric to (re)consider the role of gender in the early Church, the interplay between gnōsis and contemporary rhetorical concepts, and the&#x2028;development of early Christian rhetorical practice(s) within diverse historical contexts, including the Second Sophistic. In response to recent calls for rhetorical archaeology, this essay returns to Cairo, Oxyrhynchus, and Nag Hammadi. These three locations refigure early Christian rhetoric(s) in situ.
Characterising the Exposure of Prison Staff to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Semple Sean , Sweeting Helen , Demou Evangelia , Logan Greig , O’Donnell Rachel , Hunt Kate ,   on behalf of the Tobacco in Prisons (TIPs) Research Team
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is an avoidable and harmful exposure in the workplace but >25000 prison staff continue to be exposed on a daily basis in the UK and many more worldwide. SHS exposures in prisons are incompletely understood but may be considerable given the large proportion of smoking prisoners and limited ventilation. This study characterized the exposure of prison staff to SHS in all 15 prisons in Scotland using multiple methods. Exposure assessment strategies included 6-day area measurement of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and airborne nicotine in each prison together with short (30-minute) measurements of PM2.5 covering a range of locations/activities. Pre- and post-shift saliva samples were also gathered from non-smoking staff and analysed for cotinine to estimate exposure. There was evidence of exposure to SHS in all prisons from the results of PM2.5 and nicotine measurements. The salivary cotinine results from a sub-sample of non-smoking workers indicated SHS exposures of similar magnitude to those provided by the 6-day area measurements of PM2.5. There was a high degree of exposure variability with some locations/activities involving exposure to SHS concentrations that were comparable to those measured in bars in Scotland prior to smoke-free legislation in 2006. The median shift exposure to SHS-PM2.5 was ~20 to 30 µg m−3 and is broadly similar to that experienced by someone living in a typical smoking home in Scotland. This is the most comprehensive assessment of prison workers’ exposure to SHS in the world. The results are highly relevant to the development of smoke-free policies in prisons and should be considered when deciding on the best approach to provide prison staff with a safe and healthy working environment.
modPhEA: model organism Phenotype Enrichment Analysis of eukaryotic gene sets
Authors: Weng Meng-Pin , Liao Ben-Yang 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Genome-scale phenotypic data are available for many model organisms, yet existing tools to functionally interpret gene sets from these phenotypic data are largely based on mutagenesis-derived phenotypes observed in mouse or human.

Results
Data from both mutagenesis and knockdown experiments are incorporated into modPhEA to allow users to perform enrichment analyses based on phenotypes observed in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio), mouse (Mus musculus) and humans (Homo sapiens). The phenotypes analysed can be customized to investigate complex traits and gene sets from any fully sequenced animal or fungal genome are also supported by modPhEA.

Availability and implementation
Freely available on the web at http://evol.nhri.org.tw/modPhEA/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Species delimitation, global phylogeny and historical biogeography of the parasitoid wasp genus Spathius (Braconidae: Doryctinae) reveal multiple Oligocene–Miocene intercontinental dispersal events
Authors: Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro , Belokobylskij Sergey A , Meza-Lázaro Rubi , Pedraza-Lara Carlos , García-París Mario , Meseguer Andrea S 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Phylogenetic studies of globally distributed taxa are crucial to estimate the mode and tempo of common intercontinental biogeographic processes. However, few of these studies have focused on invertebrates, mainly because their taxonomy and species richness generally are highly neglected. Here we performed a morphological and mtDNA sequence-based species delineation analysis for 111 specimens of the cosmopolitan, speciose parasitoid wasp genus Spathius (Braconidae) and assessed its phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography adding two nuclear markers. Seventy-one species of Spathius were delimited. Neither the monophyly of Spathiini, Spathius, nor its species groups were recovered. Based on the relaxed molecular clock and ancestral area reconstruction analyses, the Oriental appears as the most plausible region of origin for Spathius, whereas various intercontinental dispersal events probably played an important role in its species diversification. At least three and two dispersal events from the Oriental to the Ethiopian and Australian regions, respectively, were estimated to occur during the late Oligocene to mid-Miocene, c. 25–15 Mya. Dispersal to the Palaearctic and Nearctic from the Ethiopian region probably occurred during the early Miocene, c. 20 Mya. Our results overall reflect that the worldwide distribution of Spathius was acquired early in the evolutionary history of the lineage.
Trends in Otitis Media Incidence After Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccination
Authors: Gisselsson-Solen Marie 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in 2000. The first 7-valent vaccine (PCV7) was followed by a 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) with the same conjugate, and a 10-valent vaccine (PCV10), conjugated to protein D from Haemophilus influenzae. The vaccines offer some protection against pneumococcal acute otitis media (AOM), and, with PCV10, possibly also some protection against H. influenzae AOM. PCV7 was introduced in Sweden in 2009, but from 2010, Swedish counties were free to use either PCV13 or PCV10. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of AOM-related diagnoses and surgical procedures before and after the introduction of PCV in Sweden, but also to compare the areas using PCV13 and PCV10.

Methods:
Data showing the number of AOM diagnoses, ventilation tube insertions, myringotomies, acute mastoiditis cases and mastoidectomies between 2005 and 2014 were extracted from the National Board of Health and Welfare database. Yearly national incidences were calculated, and areas using PCV13 and PCV10 were compared.

Results:
AOM incidence decreased, both in outpatients (39%) and hospital admissions (42%). Ventilation tube insertions decreased by 18%, and myringotomies by 15%. The decline in outpatient AOM and ventilation tube insertions was more pronounced in areas that used PCV10, but geographical differences were large also before vaccine introduction.

Conclusion:
Otitis media–related diagnoses have decreased in Sweden since the introduction of PCV. Though some decreases were more pronounced in areas where PCV10 were used, figures should be interpreted with great caution, because considerable geographical differences were obvious also before vaccine introduction.
Healthcare Affiliation Networks: A Unique Quality Partnership to Aid in Making Communities Healthier
Authors: Frush Karen , Phillips Harry , Nordlund Cynthia , Holman Russell 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
As the healthcare environment continues to evolve, many community hospitals of all sizes are finding it difficult to thrive and grow in the headwinds of increasing regulatory requirements, decreased reimbursements amidst healthcare reform efforts, increased requirements for efficiency, demands for improvement in the patient experience, and increasing penalties for lagging performance in patient safety and quality metrics. A unique partnership, involving an organization built upon expertise in operating community hospitals and an academic center with expertise in patient safety, quality, innovation, and care delivery, has provided a successful solution for a growing number of challenged community facilities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how using standardized patient safety, quality improvement processes, and high-reliability strategies in community hospitals has been supported and enhanced through the development of a healthcare affiliation network with an academic medical center. By developing this type of quality affiliation, hospitals across a broad spectrum of sizes and locations can achieve significant improvement in safety culture while demonstrating measureable advances in quality and safety and supporting their mission of “making communities healthier, together.”
Exploring Explanatory Models of Risk in Breast Cancer Risk Counseling Discussions
Authors: Gunn Christine M. , Bokhour Barbara , Parker Victoria A. , Parker Patricia A. , Blakeslee Sarah , Bandos Hanna , Holmberg Christine 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Explanatory models represent patient understanding of etiology, pathophysiology, illness, symptoms, and treatments, but little attention has been paid to how they are used by patients “at risk” for future disease.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to elucidate what constitutes an explanatory model of risk and to describe explanatory models of risk related to developing breast cancer.

Methods:
Thirty qualitative interviews with women identified as at an increased risk for breast cancer were conducted. Interviews were coded to identify domains of explanatory models of risk using a priori codes derived from the explanatory model of illness framework. Within each domain, a grounded thematic analysis described participants’ explanatory models related to breast cancer risk.

Results:
The domains of treatment and etiology remained similar in a risk context compared with illness, whereas course of illness, symptoms, and pathophysiology differed. We identified a new, integrative concept relative to other domains within explanatory models of risk: social comparisons, which was dominant in risk perhaps due to the lack of physical experiences associated with being “at risk.”

Conclusions:
Developing inclusive understandings of risk and its treatment is key to developing a framework for the care of high-risk patients that is both evidence based and sensitive to patient preferences.

Implications for Practice:
The concept of “social comparisons” can assist healthcare providers in understanding women’s decision making under conditions of risk. Ensuring that healthcare providers understand patient perceptions of risk is important because it relates to patient decision making, particularly due to an increasing focus on risk assessment in cancer.
A Novel Noncontact Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Device for Assessing Blood Flow in Mastectomy Skin Flaps: A Prospective Study in Patients Undergoing Prosthesis-Based Reconstruction
Authors: Agochukwu Nneamaka B. , Huang Chong , Zhao Mingjun , Bahrani Ahmed A. , Chen Li , McGrath Patrick , Yu Guoqiang , Wong Lesley 
Published: June 2017

Summary:
A new advanced technology, noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy, has been recently developed for the measurement of tissue blood flow through analyzing the motions of red blood cells in deep tissues. This technology is portable, inexpensive, and noninvasive, and can measure up to 1.5-cm tissue depth. In this prospective study, the authors aimed to explore the use of this novel device in the prediction of mastectomy skin flap necrosis. The noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy device was used to measure mastectomy skin flap flow in patients undergoing mastectomy and immediate implant-based breast reconstruction before and immediately after mastectomy, and after placement of the prosthesis. Patients were tracked for the development of complications, including skin necrosis and the need for further surgery. Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study. Four patients (21 percent) developed skin necrosis, one of which required additional surgery. The difference in relative blood flow levels immediately after mastectomy in patients with or without necrosis was statistically significant, with values of 0.27 ± 0.11 and 0.66 ± 0.22, respectively (p = 0.0005). Relative blood flow measurements immediately after mastectomy show a significant high accuracy in prediction of skin flap necrosis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 1). The noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy device is a promising tool that provides objective information regarding mastectomy skin flap viability intraoperatively, allowing surgeons early identification of those compromised and ischemic flaps with the hope of potentially salvaging them.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.
Involvement of the Interosseous and Lumbrical Muscle-Tendon Units in the Lateral and Spiral Cords in Dupuytren’s Disease of the Middle Fingers
Authors: Thoma Achilleas , Karpinski Marta 
Published: June 2017

Background:
The nature of intrinsic muscle involvement in Dupuytren’s disease of the middle fingers (long and ring) remains poorly characterized. Over the years, the authors have observed that both the spiral and lateral digital cords in the middle fingers receive contribution from intrinsic muscle-tendon units. This report describes the anatomical characteristics and frequency of intrinsic muscle-tendon unit involvement in Dupuytren’s disease of the middle fingers.

Methods:
Intrinsic muscle involvement in the middle digits was recorded in the operative reports of patients undergoing Dupuytren’s surgery between October of 2013 and February of 2016. The anatomical variations of diseased fascia were delineated and classified.

Results:
Of the 113 digits with Dupuytren’s contracture operated on during this period, 52 involved the middle fingers (12 long and 40 ring fingers). Intrinsic muscles were found to be involved in the contracture of 14 of these digits. Two unique contracture patterns were identified: type I contracture, which involves a lateral digital cord originating from intrinsic muscle-tendon units and contracting only the proximal interphalangeal joint; and type II contracture, which involves a spiral cord receiving contribution from intrinsic muscle-tendon units and contracting both the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. The frequency of type I and type II contractures was 6 percent and 12 percent, respectively.

Conclusion:
Intrinsic hand muscles may contribute to Dupuytren’s disease in the middle digits, and the authors suggest resecting cords as close as possible to their musculotendinous origin to improve postoperative outcomes.