bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Macromolecule-mediated Biogenic FeONPs Attenuate Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Rat by Activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway
Authors: Du Qing , Chen Bo , Yang Xiaohan , Zhu Hecheng , Shams ul Hassan Syed , Liu Qiang 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Atherosclerosis refers to the thickening and hardening of artery walls. In our latest experiment,
we utilized environmentally friendly techniques to produce multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles
(FeONPs) aimed at reducing inflammation in rats with atherosclerosis.

Methods:
The formulation was synthesized using curcumin (as the potent bioactive molecule) and was characterized.
We assessed the in vitro antioxidant capability of the formulation against DPPH free radicals. Additionally,
we quantified the mRNA levels of eNOS, PI3K, and AKT using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RT-PCR). We tested the therapeutic impact of the bioactive formulation on a Triton X-100-induced atherosclerosis
mouse model.

Results:
The crystallinity and magnetic behavior confirmed the magnetic properties of the FeONPs. The
DPPH assay exhibited the dose-dependent radical scavenging characteristics of FeONPs. In the animal experiments,
significant upregulation of the studied genes was noticed in treated groups 2 and 3 compared to treated
group 1. Moreover, the expression of PI3K/eNOS/Akt was greater in treated group 3 than in treated group 2.
These results indicate a dose-dependent elevation in target gene expression.

Conclusion:
Nevertheless, the variation in gene expression between the negative control and the untreated control
was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) across all genes.
Evaluation of the Impact of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Oleo-gum Resin on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in a Wistar Rat Model
Authors: Toofan Mobina , Pour Pardis Mohammadi , Kiani Amir , Fakhri Sajad , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pistacia atlantica Desf., also known as Atlantic pistachio or Mt. Atlas mastic
tree, has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce
inflammation in conditions like arthritis. Additionally, the tree's resin possesses antioxidant properties
that can help protect against oxidative stress.
The anti-arthritic efficacy of Pistacia atlantica oleo-gum resin extract (PAG) remains unvalidated, as
its potential therapeutic benefits have not been substantiated. In the current investigation, we have
substantiated the inhibitory properties of the PAG in mitigating the development of rheumatoid arthritis
induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant in rats.

Methods:
Male Wistar rats weighing 160±10 g were subjected to immunization through intradermal
injection of 0.1 mL of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind metatarsal footpad. Following
the induction of adjuvant arthritis, oral administration of PAG was initiated at doses of 10,
400, and 800 mg/kg once a day. Prednisolone (10 mg/kg, daily) was employed as a positive control
in this study. Various parameters, including paw swelling, arthritic index, body weight loss, spleen
index, thymus index, serum cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and histological alterations, as well
as nitrite glutathione and catalase level, were measured. Furthermore, the expression and activity of
matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated.

Results:
PAG exhibited noteworthy efficacy in attenuating paw swelling and reducing the arthritic
index. Moreover, it resulted in enhanced body weight loss and a consequential reduction in the thymus
index. PAG (400mg/kg) significantly decreased the level of serum nitrite in the intervention
group, as well as the levels of serum glutathione. On the other hand, catalase activity increased, the
activity of MMP-9 decreased, and the level of MMP-2 increased compared to the intervention group.
The histopathological results revealed that PAG (at doses of 400 mg/kg) had the best therapeutic
effects.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the present study confirms the anti-arthritic activity of PAG in rats. The
extract of PAG was found to prevent rheumatoid arthritis induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant,
as evidenced by the significant suppression of paw swelling and arthritic index.
Mechanism of Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Research on Network Pharmacology & Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Wenya , Ma Hongting , Luo Jun , He Yanfeng 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of Trigonella foenumgraecum
L. (T. foenum-graecum) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
The TCSMP database was utilized to obtain the constituents and targets of T. foenumgraecum.
The OMIM database was used at GeneCard to acquire T2DM targets. The STRING database
was used to plot the PPI network. KEGG and GO analyses were performed using the DAVID
database. HepG2 cells were induced to construct an insulin resistance (IR) model by a complex composed
of glucose and oleic acid, and cell viability, inflammatory factors, and RAGE/PI3K/Akt signaling
pathway were verified by in vitro cell experiments.

Results:
In the network pharmacology study, 14 active ingredients were screened, corresponding to
280 targets. There were 1477 targets associated with T2MD. These components may act on core
targets of T2DM, such as AKT1, TNF, and IL-6, and regulate signaling pathways such as cancer
pathway and AGE-RAGE to play an anti-T2DM role. In vitro results showed that quercetin and
kaempferol with 5, 10, 25 μmol·L-1 and diosgenin with 0.5, 1, 2 μmol·L-1 could reduce the expression
of TNF-α and IL-6 in IR-HepG2 cells, down-regulate the expression of RAGE, up-regulated the
expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt.

Conclusion:
The research explored the mechanism of T. foenum-graecum anti-T2DM, which may be
helpful for the development of anti-T2DM drugs for T. foenum-graecum.
The Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Couples' Relationship and Sexual Quality of Life Female: A Study from Iran
Authors: Rasekhjhroomi Athar , Ahmadi Zahra , Ranjbar Afsaneh , Rahmanian Vahid , adedi Parvin , mohamadi Solmaz , Jamali Safieh 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The enduring COVID-19 pandemic has implications for the sexual wellbeing
of diverse populations, notably women. This worldwide emergency persists in affecting daily
routines of individuals, as research indicates that alterations in lifestyle and imposed limitations are
linked to mental health challenges.

Aim:
The objective of this research is to examine the interpersonal dynamics of couples and the
sexual well-being of women in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This cross-sectional research involved 395 female participants who utilized Google
Forms to complete online questionnaires in Iran from November 2022 to December 2022. The data
collection instruments comprised the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire, Depression
Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Relationship Rating Scale (RAS), and Fear of COVID-19
Scale. Statistical analyses employed in the study included independent t-test, one-way ANOVA,
Tukey post hoc test, and Univariate and Multiple linear regression.

Results:
The average age of female participants in the study was 31.97 years, with a standard deviation
of 9.04. The mean scores for sexual quality of life among women were 64.82 with a standard
deviation of 11.93, 18.28 with a standard deviation of 4.48 for DASS, 22.48 with a standard deviation
of 4.30 for RAS, and 12.88 with a standard deviation of 3.93 for fear of COVID-19 scale. Univariate
linear regression analysis indicated a significant association between the quality of sexual
life and fear of COVID-19 (P = 0.001), DASS (P = 0.001), and RAS (P = 0.007). The study found a
noteworthy and negative impact of fear related to COVID-19 and DASS on the sexual quality of
life of women (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The anxiety stemming from the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have repercussions on
the dynamics of romantic partnerships and the sexual well-being of women. Furthermore, the pandemic
is associated with heightened levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. It is recommended that
further research be undertaken to explore the mental health of women and its implications on their
sexual experiences in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Approach to Target Penicillin- Binding Protein 1B (LpoB) of Salmonella typhimurium with Flavonoids
Authors: Valathoor Mohammed Naveez , Venugopal Subhashree 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential constituent of
the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella typhimurium, and it plays a
crucial role by inducing disease in the host. Penicillin-binding protein 1B (LpoB) is a key enzyme
in the production of peptidoglycans, making it a potential target for the development of
new antimicrobials. Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant-derived chemicals with a wide
range of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial capabilities. The goal of this study
was to identify the potential flavonoid that inhibits the protein LpoB using computational approaches
and compare it with the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin.

Methods:
The study was carried out by selecting fifty flavonoids based on Lipinski’s rule of
five. Molecular docking was carried out for selected flavonoids and ciprofloxacin against the
LpoB protein using AutoDock 4. A 100 nanosecond molecular dynamic simulation was performed
for apoprotein, LpoB-fisetin, and LpoB-ciprofloxacin complexes, followed by free energy
calculation by Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) solvation
analysis.

Results:
The docking results revealed that fisetin displayed five hydrogen bonds with a binding
affinity of -4.67 kcal/mol, and ciprofloxacin exhibited a binding affinity of -4.36 kcal/mol with
two hydrogen bonds. The apoprotein and fisetin complex remained stable throughout the 100
ns molecular dynamic simulation, while the ciprofloxacin complex lost its stability. The
MMGBSA analysis with fisetin showed better binding free energy compared to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:
The present study has emphasized the potential of flavonoids as probable candidates
that can inhibit the protein LpoB. The integration of molecular docking, dynamic simulations,
and MMGBSA analysis has provided significant insight into the thermodynamics and
binding interactions of the LpoB- fisetin complex, and it has enabled further experimental validations.
A Nondestructive and Rapid Method for the Determination of Triamterene Content by Transmission Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Yao Jing , Zhao Xuejia , Wang Jingjing , Cheng Ming , Jiang Yifei , Lian Xiaofang , Zhao Ting , Shan Guangzhi 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Triamterene is a potassium-conserving diuretic mainly used in the treatment
of edematous diseases. Although there are some methods to measure the content of triamterene,
the existing methods have the characteristics of sample destructiveness and low flux, making
it difficult to meet the needs of online monitoring. In recent years, transmission Raman spectroscopy
(TRS), as a new technology for the determination of drug content, has emerged as being nondestructive
and rapid and provides a new method for the determination of triamterene content.

Objective:
In this study, we used transmission Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least
squares (PLS) approaches to establish a six concentration levels model for measuring the content of
triamterene. The model was applied to determine whether tablets are commercially available.

Methods:
Firstly, TRS was used to collect the spectra of the principal components and mixed excipients
of triamterene, and the feasibility test was carried out. Secondly, six concentration levels were
determined by the design of experimental (DOE), and hand-made tablets were prepared to obtain
corresponding spectra. The content prediction model was established by the PLS method, and the
content of triamterene was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to correct
the model. Finally, the model was applied to the determination of triamterene in commercially
available tablets.

Results:
The results showed that the established model was successfully applied to the determination
of triamterene. The values of RMSEC (0.0089783) and RMSECV (0.0097241) of the final
model were very low and close to each other. The relative error of 12 hand-made tablets predicted
by this model was less than 5% compared with the results determined by HPLC. In addition, in the
process of applying the model to the determination of the content of commercially available tablets,
the accuracy of the model can be significantly improved by adding the spectrum of commercially
available tablets. The corrected model was used to determine the content of triamterene in two
commercially available tablets. The results showed that the relative error was less than 5%.

Conclusion:
We described a new strategy to analyze the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients
(API) in triamterene tablets by TRS with PLS. The established model has the advantage of
non-destructive and rapid quantitation, which can provide a new method for real-time monitoring of
production lines and promote the development of process analytical technology (PAT).
A Review on Analytical Methods of Anti-fungal Agents used for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Srinivasan Govindarajan , Asharani I.V. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Analytical methods have an essential function in the healthcare sector,
particularly when it emanates from the creation and approval of medications. These methods are
essential for identifying the active ingredients, ensuring the purity of compounds, and quantifying
the existence of any impurities or degradation products.

Objective:
The objective of the research article is to discuss an analytical method available for the
drug Onychomycosis, which is indeed crucial in treating nail infection, to confirm the efficacy
and quality of pharmaceutical products. Among various analytical techniques available, UV Spectroscopy,
RP-HPLC (high performance-liquid chromatography) and tandem mass spectrometry
are normally employed due to their speed and accuracy.

Methods:
Literature surveys typically reveal the predominance of UV, RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS
methods for estimating azole derivatives due to their established reliability, sensitivity, and applicability
to an extensive range of compounds. Researchers often select the most suitable method
based on factors such as sample complexity, sensitivity requirements, and available instrumentation.

Results:
This present art states most of the validation parameters like LOQ, Linearity range, Column
and mobile phase used in different dosage forms as well as versatile techniques.

Conclusion:
This review article provides a comprehensive evaluation of various analytical methods
employed in the estimation of antifungal agents, particularly those used to treat Onychomycosis.
Onychomycosis, a prevalent infection on nails caused by fungi, demands precise and accurate
analytical techniques to ensure the safety and effectiveness of antifungal therapies. In this review,
we discussed and compared a range of analytical technologies, highlighting their applications and
sensitivity in the context of Onychomycosis drug analysis. This critical assessment aims to guide
researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable methods for their specific analytical
needs.
Investigating the Efficacy of Various Natural Products in Raw Form against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Alanazi Hamad H. , Aldughmani Hussain Ali G. , Mazhari Bi Bi Zianab 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The alarming increase in antibiotic resistance urges alternative and efficacious antimicrobial solutions. Historically, medicinal plants have been used for therapeu-tic purposes, such as relieving pain and healing wounds. However, the evaluation of the natural therapeutic effects of medicinal plants in a manner that resembles how humans typically con-sume them is lacking. Therefore, in this study, many medicinal plants known to have some antimicrobial effects, including Frankincense, Garlic, Myrrh, and Ginger, were evaluated for their direct antibacterial activity in raw form.

Materials and Methods:
The direct antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants was evaluated against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well dif-fusion method and turbidity measurements in suspension culture.

Results:
Out of all the tested medicinal plants, only raw garlic (Allium sativum) powder, when dissolved in water or vinegar, offered a straightforward antibacterial activity. A combination of garlic extract and vinegar increased antibacterial activity. Aqueous garlic extracts displayed robust antimicrobial activity against many resistant bacteria. Other medicinal plants used in this study had absent or minimal antibacterial effects.

Conclusion:
Only garlic in its raw form was effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The increase in the antibacterial activity of garlic when combined with vinegar suggests the syner-gistic activity of garlic. The straightforward antibacterial action of raw garlic may be strategi-cally harnessed to combat the continuous challenge of increasing antibiotic resistance. This work promotes additional testing of more natural products (in raw form) and assesses their therapeutic effects clinically.

result:
Natural products in their raw form exhibit varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Raw Allium sativum (garlic) powder dissolved in water exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of resistant bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.
Mutations in Rv0678, Rv2535c, and Rv1979c Confer Resistance to Bedaquiline in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Balgouthi Khaoula , AlMatar Manaf , Saghrouchni Hamza , Albarri Osman , Var Isil 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Reduced bedaquiline (BDQ) sensitivity to antimycobacterial drugs has been linked to mutations in the Rv0678, pepQ, and Rv1979c genes of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Resistance-causing mutations in MTB strains under treatment may have an impact on novel BDQ-based
medication regimens intended to reduce treatment time. Due to this, we investigated the genetic basis of BDQ resistance in Turkish TB patients
with MTB clinical isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the genes linked to efflux pumps were examined as a backup resistance mechanism.

Methods:
We scrutinized 100 MTB clinical isolates from TB patients using convenience sampling. Eighty MDR and twenty pan-drug susceptible MTB
strains were among these isolates. Sequencing was performed on all strains, and genomic analyses were performed to find mutations in BDQ
resistance-associated genes, including Rv0678 and pepQ(Rv2535c), which correspond to a putative Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase, and Rv1979c. Of the
74 isolates with PepQ (Rv2535c) mutations, four isolates (2.96%) exhibited MGIT-BDQ susceptibility.

Results:
Twenty-one (19.11%) of the ninety-one isolates carrying mutations, including Rv1979c, were MGIT-BDQ-sensitive. Nonetheless, out of the 39
isolates with Rv0678 mutations, four (2.96%) were sensitive to MGIT-BDQ. It was found that resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in Rv0678,
pepQ, and Rv1979c are often linked to BDQ resistance.

Conclusion:
In order to include variations in efflux pump genes in genome-based diagnostics for drug-resistant MTB, further evidence about their involvement
in resistance is needed.
Comparison of the Antianhedonic Effects of Repeated-dose Intravenous Ketamine in Older and Younger Adults with Major Depressive Episode
Authors: Zheng Wei , Gu Limei , Tan Jianqiang , Zhou Yanling , Wang Chengyu , Lan Xiaofeng , Zhang Bin , Li Zezhi , Ning Yuping 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
Growing evidence suggests that repeated-dose intravenous ketamine in patients
with depression had rapid antianhedonic effects. However, a comparison of the antianhedonic effects
of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine between younger adults and older depressed patients has not
been examined.

Methods:
To the best of my knowledge, this study with a total of 135 patients with major depressive
episodes (MDE) is the first to compare the antianhedonic effects between younger adult (n = 116) and
older (n = 19) depressed patients receiving six ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min). Montgomery-
Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was applied in this study to evaluate the clinical
symptoms, and MADRS anhedonia item scoring was used to evaluate anhedonia symptoms.

Results:
Patients received six open-label intravenous infusions of ketamine for 12 days. MADRS anhedonia
subscale scores decreased in both younger (3.3, 95% CI = 2.5-4.1, p < 0.05) and older (2.8,
95% CI = 1.1-4.6, p < 0.05) MDE patients at 4h after the first infusion compared to baseline scores
and the reduction was maintained over the subsequent infusion period in both groups (all Ps < 0.05).
Younger MDE patients had lower MADRS anhedonia subscale scores on day 26 compared with older
patients (P = 0.02). Compared with younger adult MDE patients, older patients had a lower antianhedonic
response (51.7% [95% CI = 42.5%-61.0%] versus 31.6% [95% CI = 8.6%-54.6%)] and remission
(24.1% [95% CI = 16.2%-32.0%] versus 0%).

Conclusion:
This study indicates that repeated-dose intravenous ketamine administration induces rapid
and robust antianhedonic effects in older MDE patients. However, older MDE patients displayed
less response to ketamine than younger adult MDE patients.
Oral Cancer Incidence Among Adult Males With Current or Former Use of Cigarettes or Smokeless Tobacco: Population-Based Study
Authors: Noggle Brendan , Cheng Hui , Sarkar Mohamadi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Tobacco use has been identified as a risk factor for oral cancer worldwide. However, relative oral cancer incidence among adults who smoke cigarettes, use smokeless tobacco products (ST), have transitioned from cigarettes to ST, quit cigarettes and/or ST (“quitters”), or never used tobacco has not been well studied.

Objective
We aim to present population-based oral cancer incidence rates for adults who smoke cigarettes, use ST, are former smokers who now use ST, or quit.

Methods
We estimated cross-sectional incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using data from statewide cancer registries (Colorado, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas) and population counts derived from national surveys using combined data from 2014‐2017. A random-effect meta-analysis approach was used to summarize estimates among these groups, based on multiple imputation-based IRR estimates by state and age group while considering potential heterogeneity.

Results
A total of 19,536 oral cancer cases were identified among adult males 35 years and older in the study geographies and period. The oral cancer incidence rate among adults who smoke was significantly higher than the ST group (2.6 times higher, 95% CI 2.0‐3.3, P<.001), 3.6 (95% CI 3.2‐4.1, P<.001) times higher than the never users, and 2.4 (95% CI 1.8‐3.1, P<.001) times higher compared to former smokers who now use ST. The IRR among the ST group relative to never users was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1‐1.9, P=.02). The IRR between former smokers who now use ST and those who quit was 1.4 (95% CI 1.0‐2.1, P=.08).

Conclusions
Findings from this population-based study with a large number of oral cancer cases support significantly high oral cancer incidence among adults who smoke and a lower risk of oral cancer incidence among never users, quitters, users of ST, and former smokers who now use ST compared to cigarettes. Future studies with detailed control of tobacco history and other relevant confounders are needed to confirm these findings.