bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface charge alteration of charcoal derived from bamboo leaves and understanding the interaction with anionic and cationic dye
Authors: Devi Yengkhom Haripriya , Pal Subhadip , Singh Huidrom Hemojit , Singh Mandvee , Somorjit Singh Ningthoujam , Herojit Singh Loushambam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cost-effective adsorbents derived from regenerative sources provide a sustainable solution to the pressing environmental pollution challenges. Conventional studies often rely on biochar-based adsorbents obtained at high carbonization temperatures in an induced environment. The present study explored the efficacy of carbon derived from the stems (CBS) and leaves (CBL) of bamboo plants as efficient dye adsorbents at low carbonization temperatures. CBL carbonized at 350 °C exhibited a remarkable dye adsorption efficiency of 90%, significantly outperforming CBS, which achieved only 39% efficiency. To enable the adsorption of both dyes, heterophase metal oxides, specifically Fe-doped ZnO and ZnFe2O4 were incorporated. Zeta potential measurements revealed a transition from negative to positive values with metal oxide incorporation, suggesting alterations in the surface acidity and functional group composition. The adsorption performance of the composite (WC20) sample was evaluated using Congo Red (CR) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes. Comprehensive studies on the adsorption kinetics, isotherm modeling, and thermodynamics have been conducted to identify WC20 as the most effective composite. The equilibrium adsorption data aligned well with the Langmuir isotherm model, demonstrating maximum adsorption capacities of 65.31 mg g−1 for CR and 38.05 mg g−1 for CV at room temperature of 298 K with constant pH. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a hybrid adsorption mechanism, wherein CR adsorption was predominantly driven by chemisorption, whereas CV adsorption was governed by physisorption. Mechanistic insights have revealed that electrostatic interactions and π–π stacking play crucial roles in dye removal. These findings underscore the potential applicability of WC20 as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for the remediation of both cationic (CV) and anionic (CR) dyes in wastewater, highlighting its viability for future environmental management and pollution mitigation strategies.
Images of Kerr-MOG black holes surrounded by geometrically thick magnetized equilibrium tori
Authors: Zhang Zelin , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe adopt general relativistic ray-tracing (GRRT) schemes to study images of Kerr-MOG black holes surrounded by geometrically thick magnetized equilibrium tori, which belong to steady-state solutions of thick accretion disks within the framework of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). The black hole possesses an extra dimensionless MOG parameter described its deviation from usual Kerr one. Our results show that the presence of the MOG parameter leads to smaller disks in size, but enhances the total flux density and peak brightness in their images. Combining with observation data of black hole M87* from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), we make a constraint on parameters of the Kerr-MOG black hole and find that the presence of the MOG parameter broadens the allowable range of black hole spin.
The Valuable Long-period Cluster Cepheid KQ Scorpii and other Calibration Candidates
Authors: Majaess Daniel , Turner David G. , Minniti Dante , Alonso-Garcia Javier , Saito Roberto K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The classical Cepheid KQ Sco is a valuable anchor for the distance scale because of its long pulsation period (28.ͩ7) and evidence implying membership in the open cluster UBC 1558. Analyses tied to Gaia DR3 astrometry, photometry, spectroscopy, radial velocities, and 2MASS-VVV photometry indicate a common distance of 2.15 ± 0.15 kpc (L21 DR3 corrections applied). Additional cluster Cepheid candidates requiring follow-up are identified, and it is suggested that a team of international researchers could maintain a cluster Cepheid database to guide the broader community to cases where consensus exists.
GRB 201223A: Implication of Fallback Accretion onto the Newborn Black Hole from its Multiband Afterglow
Authors: Lu Tian-Hua , Xu Dong , Lei Wei-Hua , Fu Shao-Yu , Jiang Shuai-Qing , Zhu Zi-Pei , Liu Xing , An Jie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multiband afterglow observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are important for studying the central engine. GRB 201223A is a GRB with prompt optical detection by GWAC. Here we report on the early optical afterglow of GRB 201223A detected by NEXT (only 2.8 minutes after the Swift/BAT trigger), which smoothly connects the prompt optical emission and the afterglow phase. Utilizing Amati diagrams and considering the detection of afterglow emission in the Swift u-band, we suggest a redshift range of 0.26–1.85. Based on our optical data and combined with early optical observation from GWAC and early X-ray data from Swift/XRT, a multiband fitting is performed using PyFRS, and we obtain the best afterglow parameters (assuming a redshift of z = 1.0):

E

K
,
iso

=

5.01

−
1.70

+
1.91

×

10

54

erg,

Γ

0

=

426.58

−
138.18

+
148.86

,

θ

j

=

25.98

−
10.54

+
9.67

deg,

n

0

=

0.30

−
0.26

+
3.78

cm−3,

p
=

2.32

−
0.01

+
0.01

,

ϵ

e

=

3.31

−
0.86

+
1.59

×

10

−
5

,

ϵ

B

=

3.47

−
2.62

+
4.12

×

10

−
1

. The late-time X-ray shows a re-brightening, indicating late-time central engine activities. After comparing the leading two central engine models, i.e., magnetar model and hyperaccreting black hole model, we find that the fallback accretion onto a newborn black hole provides a better explanation for the X-ray re-brightening with fallback accretion rate

M

p

̇

≃
2.76
×

10

−
9

M

⊙

s

−
1

and the total fallback accreted mass M
fb ≃ 1.41 × 10−6
M
⊙.
SNSDeepNet: spike and non-spike detection in epilepsy
Authors: Kumar Priyaranjan , Kumar Upadhyay Prabhat , Kumar Panda Manoj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Epilepsy, a severe neurological condition is marked by sharp waveforms known as spikes in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Prompt detection of these spikes is crucial for reducing accidental injuries and safeguarding the lives of epilepsy patients. This article proposes an innovative deep-learning approach for epileptic spike detection using Spike and Non-spike Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (SNSDeepNet). Our method utilizes CNNs alongside an adaptive Layer-wise Adaptive Moments (LAMB) optimizer to effectively extract relevant features from time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) representations of spike and non-spike signals. The adaptive LAMB optimizer enhances the training process and accelerates convergence compared to traditional optimizers. The proposed model is evaluated using EEG recordings from three datasets: the Children’s Hospital Boston (CHB-MIT) dataset, the Siena Scalp EEG dataset (Physionet Siena Scalp EEG Database), and the Bonn EEG dataset from the University of Bonn. After pre-processing and applying a peak detection algorithm, we extract TD and FD features from the signals. Our model demonstrates impressive performance. The CHB-MIT dataset achieved an average accuracy of 99.69%, sensitivity of 99.68%, F1-score of 99.11%, and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.026 98. For the Siena dataset, the model achieved an accuracy of 99.62%, specificity of 99.04%, sensitivity of 99.93%, F1-score of 99.48%, and an FPR of 0.009 208. The Bonn dataset achieved an average accuracy of 94.10%, specificity of 92.39%, sensitivity of 97.35%, and an FPR of 0.0764. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in accurately identifying epileptic spikes, highlighting its potential to enhance epilepsy diagnosis and treatment.
Modification to traditional vertical axis wind turbine system to implement permanent magnet propelling phenomenon as measure of performance enhancement
Authors: Hegde Sandesh , C G Ramachandra , M Prashanth Pai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The environmentally friendly, easily available and affordable alternative energy sources are one of the important requirements for the growth of the modern world. This research work explains how the magnetic repulsion characteristics of permanent magnets could be used as the energy source to meet energy demands. The wok is carried out on the permanent magnet propelled vertical axis wind turbine and its performance is compared with the traditional vertical axis wind turbine. The results show that the permanent magnet propelled wind turbine will function much better than the traditional one, even at slower wind speeds. The magnetic repulsive properties are used as a supplementary energy source in a permanent magnet propelled vertical axis wind turbine, which add kinetic energy to the turbine’s rotational momentum, while transforming wind power to mechanical movement.
Prediction method of loess landslides based on faster R-CNN and WACM
Authors: Chen Qiang , Ding Haiying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of the environment and geological conditions in which the loess slope is located, there are many challenges in the accuracy and prediction of loess landslide detection. Therefore, this study introduces a fast convolutional neural network model to solve the problems of traditional detection methods in terms of technology, cost, and detection accuracy, and to achieve real-time detection of the morphology of loess landslides. A weight absorption coupling model is constructed to address the uniform moisture content in loess with hidden dangers. Combined with instability probability, the probability of shallow loess landslides is predicted. The results showed that the mAP value of the Faster R-CNN algorithm using the ResNet125 network exceeded 90%, which was 46.23% and 32.01% higher than the algorithm models using ResNet50 and VGG16, respectively. The proposed model performed fractal analysis on four different loess particle samples, with correlation coefficients R2 above 0.9. The difference between the predicted and actual moisture content of upper and surface loess was within 11%. Compared with existing methods, the research and construction of a loess landslide detection and probability prediction model has greatly improved reliability and accuracy, which is of great significance for predicting the probability of different loess landslides.
Oxidation of sulfur, hydrogen, and iron by metabolically versatile Hydrogenovibrio from deep sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Laufer-Meiser Katja , Alawi Malik , Böhnke Stefanie , Solterbeck Claus-Henning , Schloesser Jana , Schippers Axel , Dirksen Philipp , Brüser Thomas , Henkel Susann , Fuss Janina , Perner Mirjam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chemolithoautotrophic Hydrogenovibrio are ubiquitous and abundant at hydrothermal vents. They can oxidize sulfur, hydrogen, or iron, but none are known to use all three energy sources. This ability though would be advantageous in vents hallmarked by highly dynamic environmental conditions. We isolated three Hydrogenovibrio strains from vents along the Indian Ridge, which grow on all three electron donors. We present transcriptomic data from strains grown on iron, hydrogen, or thiosulfate with respective oxidation and autotrophic carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation rates, RubisCO activity, SEM, and EDX. Maximum estimates of one strain’s oxidation potential were 10, 24, and 952 mmol for iron, hydrogen, and thiosulfate oxidation and 0.3, 1, and 84 mmol CO2 fixation, respectively, per vent per hour indicating their relevance for element cycling in-situ. Several genes were up- or downregulated depending on the inorganic electron donor provided. Although no known genes of iron-oxidation were detected, upregulated transcripts suggested iron-acquisition and so far unknown iron-oxidation-pathways.
Fitness factors impacting survival of a subsurface bacterium in contaminated groundwater
Authors: Thorgersen Michael P , Goff Jennifer L , Trotter Valentine V , Poole II Farris L , Arkin Adam P , Deutschbauer Adam M , Adams Michael W W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many factors contribute to the ability of a microbial species to persist when encountering complexly contaminated environments, including time of exposure, the nature and concentration of contaminants, availability of nutritional resources, and possession of a combination of appropriate molecular mechanisms needed for survival. Herein we sought to identify genes that are most important for survival of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae in contaminated groundwater environments containing high concentrations of nitrate and metals using the metal-tolerant Oak Ridge Reservation isolate, Pantoea sp. MT58 (MT58). Survival fitness experiments in which a randomly barcoded transposon insertion (RB-TnSeq) library of MT58 was exposed directly to contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation groundwater samples from across a nitrate and mixed metal contamination plume were used to identify genes important for survival with increasing exposure times and concentrations of contaminants, and availability of a carbon source. Genes involved in controlling and using carbon, encoding transcriptional regulators, and related to Gram-negative outer membrane processes were among those found to be important for survival in contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation groundwater. A comparative genomics analysis of 75 Pantoea genus strains allowed us to further separate the survival determinants into core and non-core genes in the Pantoea pangenome, revealing insights into the survival of subsurface microorganisms during contaminant plume intrusion.
Hepatitis a vaccine immunogenicity and boostability in adults receiving immunosuppressive therapy and adults living with HIV: a prospective single-centre cohort study
Authors: Schnyder Jenny L , Garcia Garrido Hannah M , Tanck Michael W , Maurer Irma , Harskamp Agnes M , Kootstra Neeltje , Grobusch Martin P , Goorhuis Abraham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Hepatitis A (hepA) vaccination is highly immunogenic in healthy individuals; however, there is uncertainty about the immunogenicity in immunocompromised populations (ICPs).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, people living with HIV (PLWH), patients on immunosuppressive mono- and combination therapy, and controls received two hepA vaccine doses at months 0 and 6–12, or three combined hepA/B vaccine doses at months 0, 1 and 6–12. Antibody levels were measured before and at different time-points post-vaccination (T2, 6, 8, 12 months). The primary endpoint was the seroconversion rate (SCR) at T8, defined as hepA antibodies ≥20 mIU/ml. To assess boostability, an additional vaccine dose was administered 1–5 years after T12 in those with antibodies &lt; 50 mIU/ml, with antibody measurements before and seven days after the booster dose.

Results
We included 150 participants. At T2 SCRs ranged between 35–58% in ICPs versus 94% in controls. Among PLWH, patients on monotherapy, combination therapy and controls SCRs at T8 were 33/34 (97%), 32/34 (94%), 25/30 (83%) and 28/28 (100%), respectively. The booster dose resulted in 71% additional seroconversion (17/24), with only patients using combination therapy not responding.

Conclusions
HepA vaccination is highly immunogenic in virologically suppressed PLWH and patients on immunosuppressive monotherapy, with SCRs after the complete hepA vaccination schedule similar to controls and adequate booster responses in case of waning immunity. However, patients using immunosuppressive combination therapy as well as all ICPs who did not receive the complete hepA vaccination schedule, are at risk of non-response to vaccination and post-vaccination antibody measurements are recommended.
Imaging in vasculitis
Authors: Troum Orrin M. , Pimienta Olga L. , Wells Alvin 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Systemic vasculitides are characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Their classification is based on the size of the blood vessels involved – large, medium, or small. Vasculitis early diagnosis and reliable monitoring are crucial to establish a treatment plan and prevent serious complications. Based on these considerations and depending on the location of the affected vessels, the importance of imaging modalities including ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has progressively increased. In addition to physical exam and laboratory data, these imaging tools offer complementary information about vascular changes occurring in vasculitis.
This review summarizes the different imaging modalities being utilized to diagnose and monitor vasculitis.

Recent findings
The most recent update for the use of imaging in vasculitis is referenced in the 2023 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines in 2021. Recent advances in PET imaging in large vessel vasculitis include improved technological imaging acquisition and the use of novel radiotracers for cellular and immune targets. FDG-PET has now been demonstrated to have high sensitivity and specificity to detect temporal arteritis.

Summary
Imaging plays a significant role in the evaluation of vasculitis and continues to gain importance in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity. Differences exist between the ACR guidelines, which advocates for temporal artery biopsy, and the EULAR guidelines, which favors imaging modalities for the initial evaluation and diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis (LVV). Prerequisites for appropriate clinical management utilizing imaging in patients with vasculitis are the availability and access to skilled clinicians to interpret the images and the cost of these techniques not being prohibitive.
Evaluation of Axillary Skin Thickness by High-Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Trindade de Almeida Ada Regina , Luíza de Souza Oliveira Virna , da Rocha e Souza Milena , Suarez Restrepo Maria Victoria , Rocha Vanessa Barreto 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
High-frequency ultrasound has been utilized in dermatology to visualize superficial cutaneous structures. Axillae are often target of treatments for hair removal, for spot clearing, and for skin conditions such as hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, and hidradenitis. Detailed knowledge of armpit thickness can help improve existing therapies and increase their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the mean skin thickness of axillae, by further investigating possible correlations with variations in age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Axillae were divided into 5 quadrants, 1 central and 4 peripherals. Skin has been assessed by ultrasonography, measuring the distance from epidermis surface to dermal depth, in millimeters, for each of the regions.

RESULTS
Thirty healthy patients participated, most of them were female (n = 22; 73%), mean age 50 years (26–70 years). Most patients have maximum thickness in the center of axillae (87%). Average skin thickness in the central region was 3.1 ± 0.4 mm. There was significant difference between axillary thickness in central and peripheral regions (p < .05). On the periphery, the mean thickness was smaller (1.8 mm) without significant variation between the squares. There was no significant variation of skin thickness by sex, age, and BMI.

CONCLUSION
This study shows a difference between thickness of axillae in the central region and in its periphery.
Loss of Functional Independence after Plastic Surgery in Older Patients: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Panayi Adriana C. , Knoedler Samuel , Didzun Oliver , Ghanad Iman , Kneser Ulrich , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Orgill Dennis P , Bigdeli Amir K. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Maintenance of functional independence is an important patient-centered outcome. As the evidence on loss of independence (LOI) in older patients undergoing plastic surgery is lacking, this study investigates the extent of LOI, identifying factors associated with LOI.

Methods:
The 2021–2022 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was searched to identify patients (>65 years old) who underwent plastic surgery and provided data on their functional independence. The primary outcome was LOI on discharge. Data on perioperative factors, including patient characteristics and comorbidities, surgical details, and outcome measures such as operation time, length of hospital stay, surgical and medical complications, mortality, and discharge destination were extracted.

Results:
Of 2112 patients who underwent plastic surgery, most were independent on discharge (n = 1838, 87%). A total of 163 patients lost their independence (LOI rate: 7.7%). Patients discharged as dependent were more likely to have experienced surgical and medical complications, and less likely to be discharged home (all <0.0001). Factors independently associated with LOI included age (1.08, P = 0.0001), a history of a fall within the last 6 months (2.01, P = 0.03), inpatient setting (2.30, P = 0.0002), operation time (1.00, P = 0.01), and length of hospital stay (1.13, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Approximately 8% of older patients undergoing plastic surgery are found to be at risk of postsurgical LOI. Future prospective and multicenter studies should evaluate the risks for short- and long-term LOI with the goal of developing interventions that optimize the care for this patient population.
HEAR-MHE study: Automated speech analysis identifies minimal hepatic encephalopathy and may predict future overt hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Bloom Patricia P. , Fisher Caitlyn J. , Tedesco Nicholas , Kamdar Neil , Garrido-Trevino Luis , Robin Jessica , Asrani Sumeet K. , Lok Anna S. 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:
HE is a major cause of poor quality of life in patients with cirrhosis. A simple diagnostic test to identify minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and predict future overt HE (OHE) is lacking. We aimed to evaluate if analysis of speech patterns using a modern speech platform (1) correlates with validated HE tests, (2) correlates with MHE, and (3) predicts future OHE.

Approach and Results:
In a two-center prospective cohort study of 200 outpatients with cirrhosis and 50 controls, patients underwent baseline speech recording and validated HE diagnostic testing with psychometric HE score. Patients were followed for 6 months to identify episodes of OHE. Seven hundred fifty-two speech variables were extracted using an automated speech analysis platform, reflecting the acoustic, lexical, and semantic aspects of speech. Patients with cirrhosis were median 63 years old (IQR 54, 68), 49.5% (99) were female. Over 100 speech variables were significantly associated with psychometric HE score (p <0.05 with false discovery rate adjustment). A three-variable speech model (2 acoustic, 1 speech tempo variable) was similar to animal naming test in predicting MHE (AUC 0.76 vs. 0.69; p=0.11). Adding age and MELD-Na improved the accuracy of the speech model (AUC: 0.82). A combined clinical-speech model (“HEAR-MHE model”) predicted time to OHE with a concordance of 0.74 (p=0.06).

Conclusions:
Automated speech analysis is highly correlated with validated HE tests, associated with MHE, and may predict future OHE. Future research is needed to validate this tool and to understand how it can be implemented in clinical practice.