bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions in Radiographic Progression in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Over Twenty‐Five Years: Changing Contribution From Rheumatoid Factor in Two Multicenter UK Inception Cohorts
Authors: Carpenter Lewis , Norton Sam , Nikiphorou Elena , Jayakumar Keeranur , McWilliams Daniel F. , Rennie Kirsten L. , Dixey Josh , Kiely Patrick , Walsh David Andrew , Young Adam ,   on behalf of the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study and the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the 5‐year progression of erosions and joint space narrowing (JSN) and their associations with rheumatoid factor (RF) status in 2 large, multicenter, early rheumatoid arthritis cohorts, spanning 25 years.MethodsRadiographic joint damage was recorded using the Sharp/van der Heijde (SHS) method in the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (ERAS), 1986–2001, and the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network (ERAN), 2002–2013. Mixed‐effects negative binomial regression estimated changes in radiographic damage over 5 years, including erosions and JSN, separately. RF, along with age, sex, and baseline markers of disease activity were controlled for.ResultsA total of 1,216 patients from ERAS and 446 from ERAN had radiographic data. Compared to ERAS, ERAN patients had a lower mean total SHS score at baseline (ERAN 6.2 versus ERAS 10.5; P < 0.001) and mean annual rate of change (ERAN 2.5 per year versus ERAS 6.9 per year; P < 0.001). Seventy‐four percent of ERAS and 27% of ERAN patients progressed ≥5 units. Lower scores at baseline in ERAN were largely driven by reductions in JSN (ERAS 3.9 versus ERAN 1.2; P < 0.001), along with erosions (ERAS 1.9 versus ERAN 0.8; P < 0.001). RF was associated with greater progression in each cohort, but the absolute difference in mean annual rate of change for RF‐positive patients was substantially higher for ERAS (RF positive 8.6 versus RF negative 5.1; P < 0.001), relative to ERAN (RF positive 2.0 versus RF negative 1.9; P = 0.855).ConclusionRadiographic progression was shown to be significantly reduced between the 2 cohorts, and was associated with lower baseline damage and other factors, including changes in early disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug use. The impact of RF status as a prognostic marker of clinically meaningful change in radiographic progression has markedly diminished in the context of more modern treatment.
Reasons for Not Participating in Scleroderma Patient Support Groups: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gumuchian Stephanie T. , Delisle Vanessa C. , Peláez Sandra , Malcarne Vanessa L. , El‐Baalbaki Ghassan , Kwakkenbos Linda , Jewett Lisa R. , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Pépin Mia , Thombs Brett D. ,   and the Scleroderma Support Group Project Advisory Team
Published: February 2017

ObjectivePeer‐led support groups are an important resource for many people with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc). Little is known, however, about barriers to participation. The objective of this study was to identify reasons why some people with SSc do not participate in SSc support groups.MethodsA 21‐item survey was used to assess reasons for nonattendance among SSc patients in Canada and the US. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted, using the software MPlus 7, to group reasons for nonattendance into themes.ResultsA total of 242 people (202 women) with SSc completed the survey. EFA results indicated that a 3‐factor model best described the data (χ2[150] = 302.7; P < 0.001; Comparative Fit Index = 0.91, Tucker‐Lewis Index = 0.88, root mean square error of approximation = 0.07, factor intercorrelations 0.02–0.43). The 3 identified themes, reflecting reasons for not attending SSc support groups were personal reasons (9 items; e.g., already having enough support), practical reasons (7 items; e.g., no local support groups available), and beliefs about support groups (5 items; e.g., support groups are too negative). On average, respondents rated 4.9 items as important or very important reasons for nonattendance. The 2 items most commonly rated as important or very important were 1) already having enough support from family, friends, or others, and 2) not knowing of any SSc support groups offered in my area.ConclusionSSc organizations may be able to address limitations in accessibility and concerns about SSc support groups by implementing online support groups, better informing patients about support group activities, and training support group facilitators.
Diet and Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms: Survey Results From a Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Frits Michelle , Cui Jing , Zhang Zhi Zack , Mahmoud Taysir , Iannaccone Christine , Lin Tzu‐Chieh , Yoshida Kazuki , Weinblatt Michael E. , Shadick Nancy A. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often ask whether specific foods, popularized as inflammatory or antiinflammatory, can improve or worsen their RA. Patients with RA took a survey on diet and RA symptoms, and the survey data were collected and analyzed.MethodsA dietary survey was mailed to 300 subjects in a single‐center RA registry at a large academic center. Subjects were asked about their consumption of 20 foods and whether these foods make their RA symptoms better, worse, or unchanged. Semiannual registry data include demographics, medications, comorbidities, and disease activity scores. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon's rank sum tests evaluated associations between subject characteristics from the most recent registry assessment and changes in RA symptoms from specific foods.ResultsOf the 217 subjects (72% response rate), 83% were female; the median RA duration was 17 years (interquartile range 9–27 years), and 58% were taking a biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug. Twenty‐four percent of subjects reported that foods affect their RA symptoms, with 15% reporting improvement and 19% reporting worsening. Blueberries and spinach were the foods most often reported to improve RA symptoms, while soda with sugar and desserts were those most often reported to worsen RA symptoms. Younger age and noting that sleep, warm room temperature, and vitamin/mineral supplements improve RA were each associated with reporting that foods affect RA symptoms. Medication use, sex, body mass index, smoking, disease duration, disease activity scores, and self‐reported RA flares were not associated with reporting that foods affect RA.ConclusionNearly one‐quarter of RA subjects with longstanding disease reported that diet had an effect on their RA symptoms.
Molecular polymorphisms of the ABO locus as informative markers of ancestry in Central Argentina
Authors: Tavella María Pía , García Angelina , Pauro Maia , Demarchi Darío A. , Nores Rodrigo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of molecular polymorphisms of the ABO gene in four population samples from the province of Córdoba, in Central Argentina, and to compare them with other worldwide populations.MethodsA total of 110 buccal swab samples from autochthonous individuals of Córdoba were typified. Molecular characterization of the allelic variants was performed by the analysis of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene using PCR‐RFLP analysis. Additionally, the Native American AIM O1v542 was characterized by direct sequencing.ResultsThe four Córdoba populations did not show significant geographic structure, although the frequency of the O1v542 haplotype, detected in all the populations studied, ranged from 0.019 to 0.222. The principal component analysis based on O allele distribution showed that the populations from Córdoba clustered close to the admixed populations of Santiago and Mexico City, and at intermediate distances between European and Native American populations, while being distant from the African population.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the analysis of the ABO system constitutes a useful tool for the study of the genetic structure and evolutionary history of human populations, reflecting accurately the relative contribution of parental continental contribution to the gene pool of admixed populations.
Morphological variation among late holocene Mexicans: Implications for discussions about the human occupation of the Americas
Authors: Herrera Brianne , Peart Daniel , Hernandez Nicole , Spradley Kate , Hubbe Mark 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesCranial morphology has previously been used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among populations, and has been an important tool in the reconstruction of ancient human dispersals across the planet. In the Americas, previous morphological studies support a scenario of people entering the Americas and dispersing from North America into South America through Meso America, making the Mexican territory the natural funnel through which biological diversity entered South America.Materials and methodsWe explore the cranial morphological affinities of three late Holocene Mexican series, in relation to ancient and modern crania from North and South America, Australo‐Melanesia, and East Asia. Morphological affinities were assessed through Mahalanobis Distances, and represented via Multidimensional Scaling and Ward's Linkage Cluster analysis. Minimum FST values were also calculated for each series.ResultsOur results show Mexican groups share morphological affinities with the Native American series, but do not cluster together as would be expected. The minimum FST estimates show between‐group variation in the Americas is higher than the Asian or Australo‐Melanesian populations, and that Mexican series have high between‐group variance (FST = 0.124), compared to the geographically larger South America (FST = 0.116) and North America (FST = 0.076).DiscussionThese results show that the Mexican series share morphological affinities with the East Asian series, but maintains high levels of between‐group variation, similar to South America. This supports the suggestion that the high phenotypic variation seen the Americas is not a result of its size, as it can be found in more constricted areas, such as the Mexican territory.
Smooth operator: The effects of different 3D mesh retriangulation protocols on the computation of Dirichlet normal energy
Authors: Spradley Jackson P. , Pampush James D. , Morse Paul E. , Kay Richard F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesDirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a metric of surface topography that has been used to evaluate the relationship between the surface complexity of primate cheek teeth and dietary categories. This study examines the effects of different 3D mesh retriangulation protocols on DNE. We examine how different protocols influence the DNE of a simple geometric shape—a hemisphere—to gain a more thorough understanding than can be achieved by investigating a complex biological surface such as a tooth crown.Materials and MethodsWe calculate DNE on 3D surface meshes of hemispheres and on primate molars subjected to various retriangulation protocols, including smoothing algorithms, smoothing amounts, target face counts, and criteria for boundary face exclusion. Software used includes R, MorphoTester, Avizo, and MeshLab. DNE was calculated using the R package “molaR.”ResultsIn all cases, smoothing as performed in Avizo sharply decreases DNE initially, after which DNE becomes stable. Using a broader boundary exclusion criterion or performing additional smoothing (using “mesh fairing” methods) further decreases DNE. Increasing the mesh face count also results in increased DNE on tooth surfaces.ConclusionsDifferent retriangulation protocols yield different DNE values for the same surfaces, and should not be combined in meta‐analyses. Increasing face count will capture surface microfeatures, but at the expense of computational speed. More aggressive smoothing is more likely to alter the essential geometry of the surface. A protocol is proposed that limits potential artifacts created during surface production while preserving pertinent features on the occlusal surface.
The relative position of the human fibula to the tibia influences cross‐sectional properties of the tibia
Authors: Auerbach Benjamin M. , Gooding Alice F. , Shaw Colin N. , Sylvester Adam D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe fibula transmits loads within the lower limb of hominids. The few studies of variation in the cross‐sectional geometric (CSG) properties of the fibula have established differences in its rigidity among groups engaged in distinct habitual loading activities. This study adds to this research by considering the relationship between CSG properties and the anatomical position of the fibula relative to the tibia among groups with differences in documented activity patterns.Material and methodsWe used pQCT scans taken at 50% of the length of the lower leg in 83 healthy young adult collegiate‐aged individuals divided into five activity groups: runners, swimmers, cricketers, field hockey players, and non‐athletes. We compared variation in calculated CSG properties against the distance between fibular and tibial centroids, as well as the angle of that plane relative to the plane of tibialImax.ResultsTibial and fibular CSG properties vary with respect to the relative position of the two bones. Tibial CSG properties differ in concert with the relative angle of the fibula to tibialImax, while fibular CSG properties differ with the distance between the elements. Fibulae are more posterior‐medially positioned in groups engaged in terrestrial athletics than among swimmers.DiscussionThe tibia and fibula experience different loads. The relative position of the two bones leads to compensatory differences in their CSG properties, perhaps due to increased resistance to bending in fibulae with greater distances from the tibia. Examinations of tibial CSG properties without considering the fibula limits interpretations about activity.
Fulvene Synthesis by Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [2+2+1] Cycloaddition: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Tunable Cyclopentadienyl Rhodium(III) Complexes with Pendant Amides
Authors: Yoshizaki Soichi , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt has been established that a RhI+/segphos complex catalyzes the [2+2+1] cycloaddition of 1,6‐diynes with cyclopropylideneacetamides to give substituted fulvenes in good yields. The reductive complexation of the product fulvenes with RhCl3 in EtOH furnished the corresponding dinuclear cyclopentadienyl RhIII complexes bearing a pendant amide moiety. These RhIII complexes were highly active catalysts for oxidative annulation and cyclization through C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H functionalization.
Detection of Palladium(I) in Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Jaworski Jonathan N. , McCann Scott D. , Guzei Ilia A. , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPalladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidation reactions exhibit broad utility in organic synthesis; however, they often feature high catalyst loading and low turnover numbers relative to non‐oxidative cross‐coupling reactions. Insights into the fate of the Pd catalyst during turnover could help to address this limitation. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a dimeric PdIspecies in two prototypical Pd‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions: allylic C−H acetoxylation of terminal alkenes and intramolecular aza‐Wacker cyclization. Both reactions employ 4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐one (DAF) as an ancillary ligand. The dimeric PdIcomplex, [PdI(μ‐DAF)(OAc)]2, which features two bridging DAF ligands and two terminal acetate ligands, has been characterized by several spectroscopic methods, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The origin of this PdIcomplex and its implications for catalytic reactivity are discussed.
Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using hematoporphyrin/N‐doped TiO2 nanohybrids under visible light: Kinetics and energy consumption
Authors: Saien Javad , Mesgari Zohreh 
Published: February 2017

Various nitrogen‐doped titania particles were prepared and, for visible light sensitizing, the biological pigment hematoporphyrin was grafted onto their surfaces. The nanohybrid products were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. A high‐performance visible light helical flow photoreactor was designed and used for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) over these photocatalyst products. Accordingly, response surface methodology was employed for design of experiments and optimization. The influencing parameters were initial N/Ti molar ratio, dosage of nanohybrids and solution pH. These parameters were statistically significant and a quadratic correlation was developed for degradation efficiency (DE) variations. A maximum DE of 89.2% was attainable, after 60 min treatment, under the optimum conditions of initial N/Ti molar ratio of 4.93 (ca 5), nanohybrid dosage of 0.73 g l−1 and pH of 4.8. The MO degradation kinetics over the catalyst surface followed the modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The important role of hydroxyl radicals was confirmed using mannitol scavenger. Performing the photocatalytic reaction with the developed set‐up showed excellent efficiency and energy consumption in comparison with similar processes.
Efficient adsorption of oil by hydrophobic macroporous polymer synthesized with the emulsion template and magnetic particles on the surface
Authors: Huang Xiaobin , Peng Yinxian , Pan Jianming , Zhang Wenli , Zhou Wei , Zhu Hengjia , Liu Shucheng 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTFast development of oil industry and cargo distribution make accidental oil spills more possible in the course of transportation. Here we fabricated a hydrophobic macroporous phenol resin poly high internal phase emulsions (poly‐HIPEs) to adsorb oil pollution. To improve hydrophobic property and adsorption ability of the poly‐HIPEs, we adopted a facile way to modify the poly‐HIPEs that Fe3O4 nanoparticles act as magnetic particles to make the poly‐HIPEs magnetic and 1‐dodecanethiol as hydrophobic monomer grafted to the surface to strengthen the hydrophobicity with dopamine as the adhesive. As a result, we succeed in making the poly‐HIPEs superhydrophobic and their contact angle transforms from 107° to 150°. After the oil adsorption experiment, the adsorption capacity of the modified poly‐HIPEs is obviously better than the original poly‐HIPEs which is about ten times than original weight of material, what's more, the final products also have good recycle ability after ten times' employing, which makes it a promising candidate material for use in oil‐spill cleanups. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44731.
Electrochemical behavior of a Nafion‐membrane‐based solid‐state supercapacitor with a graphene oxide—multiwalled carbon nanotube—polypyrrole nanocomposite
Authors: Hosseini Mir Ghasem , Rasouli Haleh , Shahryari Elham , Naji Leila 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we sprayed a graphene oxide–multiwalled carbon nanotube (GM) suspension in isopropyl alcohol–water onto a Nafion membrane. The electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy) was carried out on Nafion to complete the fabrication of a solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor. Nafion 117 membranes are used as electrolyte separators in the preparation of supercapacitors. The characterization of the symmetric supercapacitor was done by X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the symmetric solid‐state supercapacitor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in 1M lithium chloride. A specific capacitance of 90.4 mF/cm2 (258.3 F/g1) was obtained for the supercapacitor at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. Maximum energy and power densities of 10 W h/kg and 6031 W/kg were obtained for the fabricated supercapacitor. In such a symmetric configuration, the highly interconnection networks of GM–PPy provided good structure for the supercapacitor electrode, and the good interaction between PPy and GM provided fast electron‐ and charge‐transportation paths so that a high capacitance was achieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44926.
Composite sodium p‐toluene sulfonate–polypyrrole–iron anode for a lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Liao Qishu , Hou Hongying , Duan Jixiang , Liu Song , Yao Yuan , Dai Zhipeng , Yu Chengyi , Li Dongdong 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, p‐toluene sulfonate (TsONa) doped polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized for an anode in a lithium‐ion battery via a one‐step facile electropolymerization on Fe foil. The obtained TsONa–PPy–Fe composite electrode was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge profiling. As expected, many irregular microspherical particles of TsONa‐doped PPy formed and combined tightly with the surface of Fe foil. Furthermore, the obtained TsONa–PPy–Fe anode also delivered satisfactory electrochemical performances. For example, the reversible capacity was still about 105–115 mAh/g, even after at least 50 cycles. The high lithium storage activity of PPy and the high conductivity of the TsONa‐doped PPy jointly contributed into the satisfactory electrochemical performances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44935.
Brief Report: Clinical Trials Aiming to Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis Cannot Detect Prevention Without Adequate Risk Stratification: A Trial of Methotrexate Versus Placebo in Undifferentiated Arthritis as an Example
Authors: Burgers Leonie E. , Allaart Cornelia F. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivePrevention of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was the aim of several trials in undifferentiated arthritis (UA), with overall negative results. As preparatory work has revealed that only ∼30% of UA patients progress to having RA, we hypothesized that inclusion of patients without imminent RA could lead to false‐negative results. We undertook this study to evaluate this hypothesis by reinvestigating the Probable Rheumatoid Arthritis: Methotrexate versus Placebo Treatment (PROMPT) trial (a 1‐year course of methotrexate [MTX] versus placebo in UA) after excluding patients without a high risk of developing RA.MethodsA validated prediction model was used to determine the risk of RA in all patients included in the PROMPT trial. Patients with a prediction score of ≥8 (positive predictive value of ≥84% for developing RA) were considered to have a high risk of developing RA. The effect of a 1‐year course of MTX during 5 years of follow‐up was reinvestigated in these patients.ResultsTwenty‐two of the 110 patients in the PROMPT trial had a high risk of RA at baseline. In the MTX arm, 6 of 11 patients (55%) developed RA, compared to 11 of 11 patients (100%) in the placebo arm (P = 0.011). Time to RA development was longer in the MTX arm than in the placebo arm (median 22.5 months versus 3 months; P < 0.001). Drug‐free remission was achieved by 4 of 11 patients (36%) in the MTX arm compared to 0 of 11 patients (0%) in the placebo arm (P = 0.031). These beneficial effects of MTX were observed both in anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–positive and in ACPA‐negative UA patients with a high risk of RA, but not in UA patients without a high risk of RA. In retrospect, 43 of 110 patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 classification criteria for RA at baseline. In addition, beneficial effects were observed only in patients with a high prediction score.ConclusionA 1‐year course of MTX delayed and prevented RA development in high‐risk UA patients. This emphasizes the importance of adequate risk prediction in trials that aim to prevent RA.