bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Synthesized Reactive Systems Through Invariants
Authors: Ehlers Rüdiger 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn many applications for which reactive synthesis is attractive, computed implementations need to have understandable behavior. While some existing synthesis approaches compute finite-state machines with a structure that supports their understandability, such approaches do not scale to specifications that can only be realized with a large number of states. Furthermore, asking the engineer to understand the internal structure of the implementation is unnecessary when only the behavior of the implementation is to be understood.In this paper, we present an approach to computing understandable safety invariants that every implementation satisfying a generalized reactivity(1) specification needs to fulfill. Together with the safety part of the specification, the invariants completely define which transitions between input and output proposition valuations any correct implementation can take. We apply the approach in two case studies and demonstrate that the computed invariants highlight the strategic decisions that implementations for the given specification need to make, which not only helps the system designer with understanding what the specification entails, but also supports specification debugging.
Gravitational index of the heterotic string
Authors: Chen Yiming , Murthy Sameer , Turiaci Gustavo J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The fundamental heterotic string has a tower of BPS states whose supersymmetric index has an exponential growth in the charges. We construct the saddle-point of the gravitational path integral corresponding to this index. The saddle-point configuration is a supersymmetric rotating non-extremal Euclidean black hole. This configuration is singular in the two-derivative theory. We show that the addition of higher-derivative terms in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity resolves the singularity. In doing so, we extend the recently-developed “new attractor mechanism” to include the effect of higher-derivative terms. Remarkably, the one-loop, four-derivative F-term contribution to the prepotential leads to a precise match of the gravitational and microscopic index. We also comment, using the effective theory near the horizon, on the possibility of a string-size near-extremal black hole. Our results clarify the meaning of different descriptions of this system in the literature. The thermal state transitions to a winding condensate and a gas of strings without ever reaching a small black hole, while the index is captured by the rotating Euclidean black hole solution and is constant and thus smoothly connected to the microscopic ensemble.
Proteomics profiling and machine learning in nusinersen-treated patients with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Panicucci Chiara , Sahin Eray , Bartolucci Martina , Casalini Sara , Brolatti Noemi , Pedemonte Marina , Baratto Serena , Pintus Sara , Principi Elisa , D’Amico Adele , Pane Marika , Sframeli Marina , Messina Sonia , Albamonte Emilio , Sansone Valeria A. , Mercuri Eugenio , Bertini Enrico , Sezerman Ugur , Petretto Andrea , Bruno Claudio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
The availability of disease-modifying therapies and newborn screening programs for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has generated an urgent need for reliable prognostic biomarkers to classify patients according to disease severity. We aim to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prognostic protein biomarkers in CSF samples of SMA patients collected at baseline (T0), and to describe proteomic profile changes and biological pathways influenced by nusinersen before the sixth nusinersen infusion (T302).

Methods
In this multicenter retrospective longitudinal study, we employed an untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomic approach on CSF samples collected from 61 SMA patients treated with nusinersen (SMA1 n=19, SMA2 n=19, SMA3 n=23) at T0 at T302. The Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm and pathway enrichment analysis were applied for analysis.

Results
The RF algorithm, applied to the protein expression profile of naïve patients, revealed several proteins that could classify the different types of SMA according to their differential abundance at T0. Analysis of changes in proteomic profiles identified a total of 147 differentially expressed proteins after nusinersen treatment in SMA1, 135 in SMA2, and 289 in SMA3.
Overall, nusinersen-induced changes on proteomic profile were consistent with i) common effects observed in allSMA types (i.e. regulation of axonogenesis), and ii) disease severity-specific changes, namely regulation of glucose metabolism in SMA1, of coagulation processes in SMA2, and of complement cascade in SMA3.

Conclusions
This untargeted LC-MS proteomic profiling in the CSF of SMA patients revealed differences in protein expression in naïve patients and showed nusinersen-related modulation in several biological processes after 10 months of treatment. Further confirmatory studies are needed to validate these results in larger number of patients and over abroader timeframe.
Burden of disease in Germany attributed to ambient particulate matter pollution
Authors: Hahad Omar , Lelieveld Jos , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Schmitt Volker H. , Hobohm Lukas , Keller Karsten , Röösli Martin , Kuntic Marin , Daiber Andreas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Ambient fine particulate matter pollution with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is a significant risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), leading to a substantial disease burden, decreased quality of life, and deaths globally. This study aimed to investigate the disease and mortality burdens attributed to PM2.5 in Germany in 2019.

Methods
Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 were used to investigate disability-adjusted life–years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and deaths attributed to ambient PM2.5 pollution in Germany.

Results
In 2019, ambient PM2.5 pollution in Germany was associated with significant health impacts, contributing to 27,040 deaths (2.82% of total deaths), 568,784 DALYs (2.09% of total DALYs), 135,725 YLDs (1.09% of total YLDs), and 433,058 YLLs (2.92% of total YLLs). The analysis further revealed that cardiometabolic and respiratory conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and diabetes mellitus, were the leading causes of mortality and disease burden associated with ambient PM2.5 pollution in Germany from 1990–2019. Comparative assessments between 1990 and 2019 underscored ambient PM2.5 as a consistent prominent risk factor, ranking closely with traditional factors like smoking, arterial hypertension, and alcohol use contributing to deaths, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs.

Conclusion
Ambient PM2.5 pollution is one of the major health risk factors contributing significantly to the burden of disease and mortality in Germany, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions to address its substantial contribution to chronic NCDs.
Macroeconomic effects of monetary policy in Japan: an analysis using interest rate futures surprises
Authors: Kubota Hiroyuki , Shintani Mototsugu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We estimate the effects of monetary policy on the aggregate economy in Japan during the last three decades when the effective lower bound (ELB) on interest rates was occasionally binding. We use monetary policy surprises from the interest rate futures market as the external instrument to identify monetary policy shocks in the vector autoregressive model. We find that monetary policy has been effective in Japan during the last three decades, and the effect was more persistent in the ELB regime than in the non-ELB regime. In a simulation exercise, we further show that a New Keynesian model with forward guidance can replicate our empirical finding.
Neural networks for quantum state tomography with constrained measurements
Authors: Ma Hailan , Dong Daoyi , Petersen Ian R. , Huang Chang-Jiang , Xiang Guo-Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuantum state tomography (QST) aiming at reconstructing the density matrix of a quantum state plays an important role in various emerging quantum technologies. Recognizing the challenges posed by imperfect measurement data, we develop a unified neural network (NN)-based approach for QST under constrained measurement scenarios, including limited measurement copies, incomplete measurements, and noisy measurements. Through comprehensive comparison with other estimation methods, we demonstrate that our method improves the estimation accuracy in scenarios with limited measurement resources, showcasing notable robustness in noisy measurement settings. These findings highlight the capability of NNs to enhance QST with constrained measurements.
County-level Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation and Physical Activity Behavior among US Adults
Authors: Deng Yangyang , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Rogers Breanna , Jones Kelly K. , Saint-Maurice Pedro F. , Patel Shreya , Berrigan David , Matthews Charles E. , Tamura Kosuke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The relationship between racial/ethnic residential segregation and physical activity (PA) remains unclear with both positive and negative associations between segregation and PA recently reported. We aimed to examine the relationship between county-level residential segregation and total daily PA and domain-specific PA and whether these associations varied by gender. Participants (N = 2625, mean age [SD] = 45.2 [15.4]) were recruited from the AmeriSpeak panel who completed up to two Activities Completed over Time in 24 Hours (ACT24) previous day recalls in 2019. PA outcomes were created for the following: (1) light PA (LPA), (2) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), (3) total active time, and (4) domain-specific PA, including leisure, work, household, transport, personal, and other activities. County-level residential segregation based on isolation. Weighted generalized linear models were used to examine the relationship between county-level segregation and each PA outcome, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, employment, body mass index, county-level poverty, and census region. Overall, results showed no association between county-level residential segregation and LPA, MVPA, total active time, and domain-specific PA among NH Black and Hispanic populations. Among NH Black females, greater residential segregation was associated with more total hours/day of activity (β = 3.54, 95% CI [0.23, 6.85]). Only NH Black females living in segregated neighborhoods had more total active time. Additionally, it is important to acknowledge that these relationships may vary among NH Black and Hispanic populations. Future studies should examine the interaction between segregation and a broader range of individual, contextual, and environmental factors in relation to PA and domain-specific PA.
Carbochlorination of YOCl for Synthesis of YCl3
Authors: Takeda Osamu , Lu Xin , Zhu Hongmin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the production of high-quality titanium (Ti) metal increases significantly, the generation of low-quality Ti scraps increases and exceeds the demand for current cascade recycling in ferrous metallurgy. Therefore, the development of an upgrading recycling technology, in which scraps are refined and reutilized, is required. The magnesium (Mg) deoxidation assisted by the formation of oxychlorides of rare earth metals is currently considered a promising process for upgrading recycling technology, during which YOCl is formed as a byproduct. In this study, we investigate the synthesis and separation of YCl3 from YOCl via carbochlorination at 973 and 1073 K and confirmed that YCl3 can be regenerated from YOCl at a high conversion rate (82.7 pct at maximum). YCl3 was also formed even in the presence of MgCl2; however, MgCl2 decreased the conversion rate (49.8 pct at minimum). The conversion rate in the temperature region where YCl3 is a liquid (1073 K) was lower than that in the temperature region where YCl3 is a solid (973 K). Therefore, an operation with temperature cycling, in which YCl3 is formed at a temperature where YCl3 is a solid and then the temperature is increased to a temperature where YCl3 is a liquid to drain the molten mixed salt, is efficient.
Towards the Automation of Non-destructive Fault Recognition: Enhancement of Robustness and Accuracy Through AI Powered Acoustic and Thermal Signal Analysis in Time, Frequency- and Time-Frequency Domains
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Altmann Frank , Grosse Christian , Kögel Michael , Hollerith Christian , Gounet Pascal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon-destructive inspection and analysis techniques are crucial for quality assessment and defect analysis in various industries. They enable for screening and monitoring of parts and products without alteration or impact, facilitating the exploration of material interactions and defect formation. With increasing complexity in microelectronic technologies, high reliability, robustness and thus, successful failure analysis is essential. Machine learning (ML) approaches have been developed and evaluated for the analysis of acoustic echo signals and time-resolved thermal responses for assessing their ability for defect detection. In the present paper different ML architectures were evaluated, including 1D and 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) after transforming time domain data into the spectral- and wavelet domains. Results showed that 2D CNNs processing data in wavelet domain representation performed best, however at the expense of additional computational effort. Furthermore, ML-based analysis was explored for lock-in thermography to detect and locate defects in the axial dimension based on thermal emissions. While promising, further research is needed to fully realize its potential.
Liver fibrosis is closely linked with metabolic-associated diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Liu Kehui , Feng Mingyang , Chi Wanqing , Cao Zhujun , Wang Xiaoyin , Ding Yezhou , Zhao Gangde , Li Ziqiang , Lin Lanyi , Bao Shisan , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the impact of metabolic-associated diseases (MADs) on patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Methods
The study analyzed the clinical characteristics of 283 AIH patients who underwent liver biopsy between January 2016 and February 2022 in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Results
Among the identified AIH patients (n = 283), 87.3%, 23.0%, or 43.1% had MADs, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or severe fibrosis, respectively. The proportion of diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly higher in patients with severe liver fibrosis than in those with mild or moderate fibrosis in the AIH cohort (31.1% vs. 18.0%, p < 0.05). Fibrosis was also more severe in patients with NAFLD than in those without (53.8% vs. 39.9%, p < 0.05). Age, Plts, IgG and the presence with MADs were identified as independent predictors of the severity of inflammation in AIH patients. Moreover, severe liver fibrosis (stages 3 to 4) was independently associated with male (OR, 2.855; p = 0.025), γ-GT (OR, 0.997; p = 0.007), and combination with MADs (OR, 4.917; p = 0.006). Furthermore, combination with DM was also an independent predictor of severe liver fibrosis in AIH patients (OR, 2.445, p = 0.038).

Conclusions
Concurrent MADs, common in AIH patients, is an independent risk factor for severe fibrosis or inflammation; of note, combination with DM was also an independent predictor of severe liver fibrosis in AIH patients. While managing with AIH, routine assessment of co-existing MADs, especially DM, is also important.
Assessing Inter-yarn Frictional Behavior of Jute Fabrics Impregnated with Corn Flour Particles-Based Shear Thickening Fluids
Authors: Chamola Rahul , Das Subhankar , Nautiyal Rishi Dev , Kumar Kaushal , Goyat M. S. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently naturally driven fabrics are gaining more attention to develop impact-resistive fabrics due to their cost-effectiveness and environment-friendly nature. The effectiveness of jute fabrics becomes more prominent when used with shear thickening fluids (STFs). The present study is focused on the assessment of inter-yarn frictional behavior of jute fabrics impregnated with natural corn flour particles-based STFs. The varying amount of corn flour particles of 10 and 13 µm were blended with deionized water, glycerol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) to synthesize STFs. To the best of our knowledge, first time the stability and rheological performance of corn flour particles-based STFs under varying shear rates in different dispersion mediums have been investigated. The peak viscosity of STF consisting 50% particles (10 µm) in glycerol was found significantly higher compared to the STF consisting same size and concentration of particles with deionized water. The yarn pull-out test was conducted to evaluate the materials’ inter-yarn frictional resistance behavior. The maximum pulling force was observed for jute fabric impregnated with glycerol-based STF. Thus, the developed STFs can be vital for developing better impact-resistive fabrics.
The prevalence of disability in older adults with multimorbidity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jin , Sun Yan , Li Aiying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Disability is typically correlated with lower quality of life and decreased capacity for self-care. It has been demonstrated that multimorbidity is closely linked to a variety of unfavorable events, such as disability. Researchers are still figuring out how and to what extent co-morbidities impact disability, though. In order to fill up this gap, this study examines the prevalence and contributing variables of disability in older patients who have multimorbidity.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAL databases for articles from their inception until September 2023. We selected co-morbid older adults aged > 60 years and used the ADL scale or any scale that assesses disability as an assessment tool. We excluded literature that did not meet the criteria, and literature that could not be included in the data we needed. We extracted data from the included literature and calculated synthetic prevalence rates, ORs, and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
A total of 32 papers (71,135 older adults) were included in the study. The prevalence of disability among older patients with multimorbidity was around 34.9% (95% CI = 25.8-43.9%). Subgroup analysis showed higher rates of disability among comorbidities who were older, female, unmarried, and long-term users of health services. And the incidence of disability increased each year. Meanwhile, the regions of the United States, China, and Spain showed higher rates of disability.

Conclusions
Disability rates in older patients with multimorbidity are higher, thus it’s critical to focus on risk factors while fully accounting for regional variances.
Personal Circumstances Preceding Firearm Suicide Death Among Black Adults in the United States
Authors: Goldstein Evan V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite an alarming rise in firearm suicide rates within Black communities, there has been little research on the contributors that precede firearm suicide deaths among Black adults. To fill this knowledge gap, this study was guided by an overarching research question: What are the recurring and salient personal circumstances experienced by Black adults prior to dying by firearm suicide in the US? This basic, interpretive qualitative study analyzed narrative text data for 843 Black adult firearm suicide decedents from the National Violent Death Reporting System. The analysis began with an initial cycle of open coding, followed by a second coding cycle, organizing the circumstances into major categories using a focused coding process. The analysis then moved back and forth between description and interpretation, and major themes were developed. Five themes emerged from this analysis: (1) Decedents often experienced poor health prior to death — but not always poor mental health. (2) Romantic relationships were often deteriorating, leading to frequent interpersonal arguments. (3) Alcohol and substance use were common before a suicide attempt. (4) Decedents frequently experienced financial and legal difficulties prior to death. (5) Decedents had many pathways to accessing firearms, and limiting firearm availability before death was challenging. Additional research on potential intervention pathways will be critical, given recent evidence indicating dramatic increases in firearm ownership among Black adults over the past 5 years.
From Tutor to Future Educator: Investigating the Role of Peer-Peer Tutoring in Shaping Careers in Medical Education
Authors: Stokes Lauren , Singh Harinder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the effort to promote academic excellence and provide teaching experiences and training for medical students, the University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine (UCISOM) built a novel peer tutoring program (2020), Collaborative Learning Communities with Medical Students as Teachers (CLC-MSAT). While the role of peer-assisted learning in student success on academic courses is well established, we wanted to assess the impact of our UCISOM peer-assisted learning program on tutors’ career interest in medical education. Through a mixed-methods analysis of our peer tutors’ experiences, we found 100% were overall satisfied with their positions; > 85% learned new skills; > 88% felt they were strong teachers; > 88% felt they now had a stronger grasp of the medical curriculum and most importantly, 100% of students maintained their interest and aspirations to serve in a future medical educator role after participating as a tutor. Additionally, we found a statistically significant relationship between tutors’ intentions of exploring a career in academic medicine after serving in the CLC program. Our findings suggest that our tutoring program has had a positive impact in providing authentic teaching experiences and training to medical students early in their careers at UCISOM, which may help prepare the next generation of qualified academic clinicians.