bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Leprosy
Authors: Jafari Kianoosh , Stepto Robert C. , Petrys Richard 
Published: January 2017

Jafari, K., Stepto, R. C. and Petrys, R. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Ill., USA). Pregnancy and leprosy.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 222–224, 1975.A case of lepromatous leprosy in a patient with pregnancy is reported. Literature was reviewed. Fetal and maternal outcome and the modality of the treatment is discussed.
Midtrimester Abortion
Authors: Ragab M. Ismail , Edelman David A. 
Published: January 2017

Ragab, M. I. and Edelman, D. A. (Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt and International Fertility Research Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA). Midtrimester abortion. A comparison of intraamniotic prostaglandin F2α and hypertonic saline.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 393–396, 1976.The safety and effectiveness of two intraamniotic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) dose schedules (a single 50 mg dose and a repeated 25 mg dose) and intraamniotic hypertonic saline were evaluated in a study where each abortion procedure was randomly assigned to 50 patients. All patients were at 16 to 20 weeks’ gestation. Rates of gastrointestinal and other side effects were generally higher for the 50 mg PGF2α dose schedule than for the other two procedures. Complications were infrequent with all three study procedures. The repeated 25 mg PGF2α dose schedule resulted in higher 24‐hour (68.0%) and 48‐hour (98.0%) cumulative abortion rates than the 50 mg PGF2α dose schedule (54.0%, 92.0%) or saline (34.7%, 91.8%). Rates of spontaneous placental expulsion were highest for the repeated 25 mg PGF2α dose (74.0%) and lowest for the 50 mg PGF2α dose schedule (40.0%).
Uterine Perforation in Connection with Vacuum Aspiration for Legal Abortion
Authors: Moberg Peter J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe incidence of uterine perforation complicating vacuum aspiration for legal termination of first trimester pregnancy varies widely. Nineteen cases of perforation (0.64%) occurred 1967–1974 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Sweden. These cases were analysed and compared with 71 other reported uterine perforations. The dilator, suction curette and uterine sound were about equally the instrument responsible for perforation. The dilatation of the cervix is a critical point of the operation. In 22% the lesion was observed in the cervix‐isthmus. If this procedure could be replaced by administration of prostaglandins the number of perforations might be reduced. Correct judgement of uterine position and size immediately prior to operation appears to be of utmost importance.
The Effect of Recent FDA Legislation on Contraceptive Development and Safety
Authors: Dickey Richard P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBy law, medical devices with a potential hazard to health or safety are now subject to the same premarket approval and scientific review processes as drugs. Manufacturers of intrauterine contraceptive devices and new instruments or devices for surgical sterilization will be required to present evidence of their products' effectiveness and safety to a United States Food and Drug Administration advisory panel made up of physicians and scientists from outside the agency. Hazards previously experienced with contraceptive devices and requirements for testing new devices are described.
Experience with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo‐Provera®) as an Injectable Contraceptive
Authors: Ellinas Symeon P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe efficacy and side effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo‐Provera®) are presented along with the potential benefits of an injectable contraceptive. Numerous graphs and charts present data pertaining to the use of this drug.
Contraceptive Practice After Women Have Undergone “Spontaneous” Abortion in Indonesia and Sudan
Authors: Rushwan H. , Doodoh A. , Chi I‐cheng , Bernard Roger P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTStudies of hospitalized “spontaneous” abortion patients in two Muslim countries (Indonesia and Sudan) revealed the need for contraception in this group of married women and indicated the potential role of maternity hospitals in providing them with contraceptive counseling. It could not be determined which of the abortions were induced outside the hospital and which were truly spontaneous. Of the 893 women treated at the Djakarta Hospital, 15.3% used contraceptives during the month of conception of the index abortion, compared to 10.0% of the 2 759 patients in Khartoum. After hospitalization for completion of the abortion, the rates of contraceptive use increased by more than one third in both cities. The highest rates of increase in contraceptive use after abortion were noted among poorly educated women, women with large families, and women with abortions diagnosed as septic. Among the nonseptic patients at all hospitals, those experiencing complications associated with the abortion reported a slightly higher rate of postabortion contraceptive use. In hospitals where contraceptive counseling was provided, there was a proportional increase in postabortion use of contraceptives by the study population.
Clostridial Sepsis After Abortion with PGF2α and Intracervical Laminaria Tents—A Case Report
Authors: Green Stephen L. , Brenner William E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case of clostridial endomyometritis and sepsis necessitating total abdominal hysterectomy which occurred 12 hours following abortion induced with intraamniotic administration of prostaglandin F2α and laminaria tent insertion is discussed. Cultures from cervical, blood, and surgical specimens all yielded Clostridium perfringens. Intrauterine contamination with this microorganism most likely followed the insertion of laminaria tents through the cervical os, which was colonized with C. perfringens. Since C. perfringens may be present in the microflora of the lower female genital tract, great care must be taken to cleanse this area prior to intracervical laminaria tent insertion.
Plasma Concentrations of Methylergometrine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration
Authors: Kanto J. , Allonen H. , Erkkola R. , Kleimola T. , Mantyla R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe concentrations of methylergometrine (M) in the plasma were determined by a new radioimmunoassay after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration of two brands, Methergin (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Inc, East Hanover, NJ, USA) and Myomergin (Leiras Pharmaceuticals, Turku, Finland). No significant differences between the two brands were found. After the intravenous injection, M distributed quickly from the plasma to the tissues, and according to the elimination phase half‐life M has no cumulative properties. After the intramuscular injection, M was absorbed quickly with peak plasma concentrations at one‐half hour.
Sex Differences in Fetal Sheep Adrenal Steroidogenesis
Authors: Ayromlooi Jahangir , Essman Walter B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe formation of several steroids was determined in vitro in adrenals removed from 18 female and six male fetuses of 113–115 days' gestation and in two female and two male fetuses at near term (137–143 days). Samples were incubated with 14C‐acetate and the formation of labeled steroids was determined by two‐dimensional paper chromatography. Protein and corticosterone concentrations were determined by chromophore absorption and acid hydrolysis fluorescence methods, respectively. Tissue corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in female (0.145 ± 0.010 μg/mg protein) than in male (0.083 ± 0.010 μg/mg protein) adrenal tissue at both stages, whereas corticosterone formation was similar in both sexes. Cholesterol formation was significantly higher in female (0.103 ± 0.079 μM/mg protein) than in male (0.044 ± 0.011 μM/mg protein) adrenals at both stages. Both testosterone and estradiol were synthesized at higher rates in female than in male adrenals (52% and 33%, respectively), whereas pregnanediol formation was 21% higher in the male. These results indicate that significant sex differences exist in the formation of various adrenocortical hormones by fetal tissues. The relevance of these findings to better survival of female premature newborns from respiratory distress syndrome in contrast with male, is discussed.
Müllerian Aplasia with Hypoplastic Thumbs: Two Case Reports
Authors: Michels Virginia V. , Caskey C. Thomas 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwo cases of Müllerian aplasia associated with unilateral hypoplasia of the thumbs and skeletal spine deformities in two unrelated females are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Müllerian aplasia is frequently associated with skeletal spine deformities, but has not been reported to be associated with hypoplasia of the thumbs. Several heritable syndromes, including the hand‐foot‐uterus syndrome, are characterized by uterovaginal and distal extremity malformations but are not associated with skeletal spine anomalies. The two cases reported here represent a previously unreported constellation of anomalies.
Umbilical Blood Gas Analysis: I. Effect of Storage of Samples on Outcome
Authors: Nhan Vu Quy , de Bruyn H. W. A. , Huisjes H.J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe pH and blood gas values of umbilical blood samples must be determined as soon as possible after birth to avoid changes in pH, oxygen pressure (PO2) and carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2). Since a continuous around‐the‐clock laboratory service is not available in every hospital, a method of reducing these changes is desirable. Determination of pH and blood gas values at different time intervals while the samples were stored on ice showed that pH decreased by a mean of 0.003 unit/hr, whereas PCO2 and PO2 increased. A method of reducing glycolysis in blood cells must be found to make postponement of analysis acceptable.
A Double‐Blind Controlled Trial of PGE2 Gel in Cervical Ripening
Authors: Hutchon D. J. R. , Geirsson R. , Patel N. B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA double‐blind controlled trial of intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel was carried out in patients with an unripe cervix. Half of the treated group, compared to 8.6% of the controls became established in labor before planned amniotomy. There was no significant improvement in the state of the cervix in the remaining patients and the outcome of labor was not improved in the treated group in terms of fetal distress or cesarean section.
Coagulation Studies in Asian Women Using Injectable Progestogen for Contraception
Authors: Tsakok F. H. M. , Koh S. , Yuen R. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCoagulation, fibrinolytic activity and platelet function were studied in 104 Asian women volunteers who received 150 mg of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate intramuscularly every three months for two years or more. The results were compared with those in matched controls. There was a paucity of change in coagulation factors. The fibrinogen levels were increased and prothrombin time was shortened. The fibrinolytic activity, as shown by the euglobulin clot lysis time, was significantly increased. This latter change contrasts with the many reports concerning Caucasian women and may reflect an increase in fibrinolytic potential in Asian women.
Evaluation of Threatened Abortion by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels and Ultrasonography
Authors: Sande H. A. , Reiertsen O. , Fønstelien E. , Torjesen P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTo determine the prognostic value of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) concentrations in maternal plasma and urine, we studied 104 women with threatened abortion (cases) and 108 women with normal pregnancies and normal serum levels of HCG (controls). Of the 104 cases, 48 were also examined ultrasonically. We concluded that measurements of serum levels of HCG are of more accurate prognostic value than those of urine levels. Low serum levels of HCG indicate a poor prognosis for the pregnancy, as do steady decreases, in repeated measurements, of initially high HCG levels. The combination of normal serum levels of HCG and signs of fetal life during ultrasonic examination indicates a very good prognosis for the pregnancy.
Prevention of Maternal Death in a Nigerian Village
Authors: Hartfield V. J. , Woodland M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn a Nigerian village, the expected maternal mortality would be between 6 and 12 per 1000 live births, the most common causes of maternal death being obstructed labor, hemorrhage and eclampsia. Yet, over an 8½‐year period, when 2324 births occurred, the rate was 1.72 per 1000, of which 0.43 were due to obstetric complications. The four deaths were associated, respectively, with typhoid fever, tuberculosis and typhoid fever, infectious hepatitis and postpartum hemorrhage with dysentery. Using the experience gained in the village, recommendations are made for reducing maternal mortality in rural areas.
Clinical Observations of Malignant Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Adeleye J. A. , Osinusi B. O. , Adewunmi O. A. , Aimakhu V. E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWe studied the clinical records of 64 women with malignant trophoblastic disease. Fifty‐five patients (68%) were aged 25‐50 years. The current pregnancy was preceded by abortion in 24 cases, by molar pregnancy in 23 cases and by normal pregnancy in 17 cases. The most common presenting symptoms were vaginal bleeding, abdominal mass and abdominal pain. Pulmonary lesions were mostly silent, but hemoptysis occurred in seven patients. Metastases were found in 39 patients. Treatment was mainly chemotherapy. Remission for over 12 months occurred in 40 patients, and 21 patients died.
Cul‐de‐sac Insufflation to Induce Pneumoperitoneum: An Analysis of Rare Problems
Authors: van Schie Kees J. , van Lith Dirk A. F. , Beekhuizen Willem , du Plessis‐Alblas Marijke 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSince 1977, cul‐de‐sac insufflation has been used to achieve pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic sterilization of 570 women. The authors have previously published findings on 350 of these women (Int J Gynaecol Obstet 17(4):375, 1980), reporting technical failure rates of 3.6% and 1.9% for a series of 195 and 155 women, respectively. The failure rate for the latest series of 220 women declined to 1.4%. Reasons for this lower rate and recurring causes of the failures are given, and recommendations for the use of cul‐de‐sac insufflation for inducing pneumoperitoneum are suggested.
Oral Contraceptives and Family Health in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Huber Sallie Craig , Huber Douglas H. , Khan Atiqur Rahman , Chakraborty J. , Chowdhury Abu Yusef , Rahman Makhlisur , Chowdhury A. I. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case‐control survey of mothers was undertaken in rural Bangladesh to assess the health problems of oral contraceptive users compared with two groups of nonusers. The complaint most often reported was weakness—more than 80% of all women surveyed. Significantly more pill users than nonusers reported experiencing dizziness and eye problems. However, only one fifth of dizziness complaints among pill users could be attributed to the pill. Although more pill users reported a decrease in lactation, a greater problem among the control group was total cessation of lactation related to a subsequent pregnancy. Therefore, in this context the pill may postpone weaning more often than it reduces lactation. That few women choose to use oral contraceptives in the early postpartum period, when a reduction in breast milk would be most hazardous to the child, contributes to this favorable balance. The attitude toward early termination of pregnancy was positive for 61% of pill users and 34% of nonusers. It is likely that abortion services would be favorably received in this traditional society.
A Study of Out‐of‐Wedlock Pregnancies: Outcome and Utilization of Maternal/Child Health Services
Authors: Srinivasa D. K. , Pankajam R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of unwed pregnant women, their utilization of maternal and child health services and the infant mortality among these out‐of‐wedlock births were investigated. During the study period, 5% of all pregnancies (48 of 855) were of this nature. Utilization of antenatal services was poor among unwed pregnant women, compared to those who were married. However, they used the child care services satisfactorily, as observed by the well‐baby‐clinic visits and acceptance of immunization. The infant mortality was 125 per 1000 live births, more than double the rate among infants born to married women. Either immediately after child birth or within one year after delivery, 50% of the unwed mothers started living with the putative fathers.
An Immunologic Study of Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Tomšíková Alena , Tomaierová Věra , Kotál Luboš , Nováčková Dana 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe immunologic reaction to Candida antigens was studied in 188 women aged 18‐61 years. The four groups included 50 women suffering from various vaginal disorders, 50 pregnant women, 38 sterile women and 50 healthy women without candidiasis. The serum antibodies were determined by agglutination, fixation of the complement, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion; allergy was determined by skin tests. A significantly higher antibody level and a stronger allergic reaction were found in women with candidiasis. The authors discuss determining immunologic reaction for diagnostic purposes and recommend isolating precipitating antibodies and performing skin tests with the mannan‐protein antigens in addition to microscopy and culture.
Generation of Immortalized Equine Chondrocytes With Inducible Sox9 Expression Allows Control of Hypertrophic Differentiation
Authors: Gurusinghe Saliya , Hilbert Bryan , Trope Gareth , Wang Lexin , Bandara Nadeeka , Strappe Padraig 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTImmortalization of chondrocytes enables long term in vitro culture; however, the chondrogenic capacity of transformed cells varies, thus highlighting the need to develop a proliferative and tuneable chondrocyte cell line where hypertrophic differentiation can be controlled. In this study the SV40 large T antigen and human telomerase reverse transcriptase were employed to immortalize pooled equine chondrocytes through lentiviral vector mediated transduction either singly or on combination. Transformed chondrocytes proliferated stably over multiple passages, but resulted in significantly lower expression of chondrocyte specific collagen II mRNA (P < 0.0001) and up regulation of the hypertrophic marker collagen X (P < 0.0001) in three dimensional cultures. A Col2a1 promoter driven GFP reporter was constructed for real time monitoring of chondrogenic differentiation and a significant increase in promoter activation was observed in cultures treated with the growth factor TGFβ‐3 (P < 0.05). To recapitulate the native articular chondrocyte phenotype we further transduced large T antigen immortalized chondrocytes with lentiviral vectors allowing either constitutive or doxycycline inducible expression of Sox9. In 3D cultures, the Sox9 over‐expressing chondrocytes secreted significantly higher levels of extracellular matrix polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan (P < 0.05), while up‐regulating collagen II and Aggrecan mRNA (P < 0.05) in both expression systems with a similar patterns observed with imunohistochemical staining. High levels of collagen X mRNA and protein were maintained with constitutive sox9 reflecting hypetrophic differentiation but significantly lower expression could be achieved with inducible Sox9. In conclusion, immortalization of equine chondrocytes results in stable proliferation but a reduction of chondrogenic potential whilst modulation of sox9 expression enabled control of hypertrophic characteristics. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1201–1215, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of Muramyl Dipeptide‐Dependent NOD2 Activity by a Self‐Derived Peptide
Authors: Mann Jasdeep K. , Shen Jiaochen , Park Sheldon 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTNucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain like receptors (NLR) are pattern recognition receptors used to provide rapid immune response by detecting intracellular pathogen‐associated molecules. Loss of NLR activity is implicated in genetic disorders, disruption of adaptive immunity, and chronic inflammation. One NLR protein, NOD2, is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD), which is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Three commonly occurring CD‐associated NOD2 mutations, R702W, G908R, and L1007fs, are clustered near the regulatory domain, leucine rich region (LRR), and lowers the activity of NOD2 in response to muramyl dipeptide (MDP). As LRR is also the ligand binding domain, this suggests that the mutations either affect the binding of MDP or how the molecule responds to ligand binding. To model the role of R702 in ligand‐dependent activation of NOD2, we used homology modeling to map the residue R702 to the interface between the oligomerization domain and LRR. We show that a peptide derived from NOD2(697‐718) binds LRR in vitro, and upon co‐expressing or importing the peptide into HEK293 expressing NOD2, there is an increase in the MDP‐dependent NOD2 activity. The study thus suggests that the R702W mutation interferes with the conformational changes needed for MDP binding and activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1227–1238, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of the clinical pharmacist in improving the appropriateness of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalised patients in Jordan
Authors: Gharaibeh Lubna , Younes Nidal , Albsoul‐Younes Abla 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most important preventable causes of death in hospitalised patients. The role of the clinical pharmacist in Jordan is still at its beginnings in this field; this study explored the contribution of the clinical pharmacist to improving the frequency of appropriate VTE prophylaxis.AimTo evaluate the role of the clinical pharmacist in improving appropriate VTE prophylaxis in a tertiary hospital.MethodsThis study with a single‐group pretest‐post test design. Recommendations of the clinical pharmacist concerning VTE prophylaxis for a group of hospitalised patients with odd ID numbers were provided to physicians. The main outcome measure was the appropriateness of VTE prophylaxis; therapy was defined as appropriate when it was fully concordant with the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines. Appropriateness of VTE prophylaxis was measured before and after the provision of recommendations.ResultsThe extent of concordance with the ACCP guidelines increased from 78.9% to 87.8%, with a statistically significant increase of 8.9% (p < 0.001).ConclusionEmployment of a clinical pharmacist coincided with an improvement in the rate of appropriate VTE prophylaxis.