bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolf–Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud as testbed for massive star evolution
Authors: Schootemeijer A. , Langer N. 
Published: December 2017

Context. The majority of the Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars represent the stripped cores of evolved massive stars who lost most of their hydrogen envelope. Wind stripping in single stars is expected to be inefficient in producing WR stars in metal-poor environments such as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). While binary interaction can also produce WR stars at low metallicity, it is puzzling that the fraction of WR binaries appears to be about 40%, independent of the metallicity.Aim. We aim to use the recently determined physical properties of the twelve known SMC WR stars to explore their possible formation channels through comparisons with stellar models.Methods. We used the MESA stellar evolution code to construct two grids of stellar models with SMC metallicity. One of these consists of models of rapidly rotating single stars, which evolve in part or completely chemically homogeneously. In a second grid, we analyzed core helium burning stellar models assuming constant hydrogen and helium gradients in their envelopes.Results. We find that chemically homogeneous evolution is not able to account for the majority of the WR stars in the SMC. However, in particular the apparently single WR star SMC AB12, and the double WR system SMC AB5 (HD 5980) appear consistent with this channel. We further find a dichotomy in the envelope hydrogen gradients required to explain the observed temperatures of the SMC WR stars. Shallow gradients are found for the WR stars with O star companions, while much steeper hydrogen gradients are required to understand the group of hot apparently single WR stars.Conclusions. The derived shallow hydrogen gradients in the WR component of the WR+O star binaries are consistent with predictions from binary models where mass transfer occurs early, in agreement with their binary properties. Since the hydrogen profiles in evolutionary models of massive stars become steeper with time after the main sequence, we conclude that most of the hot (Teff > 60 kK ) apparently single WR stars lost their envelope after a phase of strong expansion, e.g., as the result of common envelope evolution with a lower mass companion. The so far undetected companions, either main sequence stars or compact objects, are then expected to still be present. A corresponding search might identify the first immediate double black hole binary progenitor with masses as high as those detected in GW150914.
Discovery of a point-like source and a third spiral arm in the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star MWC 758
Authors: Reggiani M. , Christiaens V. , Absil O. , Mawet D. , Huby E. , Choquet E. , Gomez Gonzalez C. A. , Ruane G. , Femenia B. , Serabyn E. , Matthews K. , Barraza M. , Carlomagno B. , Defrère D. , Delacroix C. , Habraken S. , Jolivet A. , Karlsson M. , Orban de Xivry G. , Piron P. , Surdej J. , Vargas Catalan E. , Wertz O. 
Published: December 2017

Context.Transition disks offer the extraordinary opportunity to look for newly born planets and to investigate the early stages of planet formation.Aim.In this context we observed the Herbig A5 star MWC 758 with theL′-band vector vortex coronagraph installed in the near-infrared camera and spectrograph NIRC2 at the Keck II telescope, with the aim of unveiling the nature of the spiral structure by constraining the presence of planetary companions in the system.Methods.Our high-contrast imaging observations show a bright (ΔL′= 7.0 ± 0.3 mag) point-like emission south of MWC 758 at a deprojected separation of ~20 au (r= 0.′′111 ± 0.′′004) from the central star. We also recover the two spiral arms (southeast and northwest), already imaged by previous studies in polarized light, and discover a third arm to the southwest of the star. No additional companions were detected in the system down to 5 Jupiter masses beyond 0.′′6 from the star.Results.We propose that the brightL′-band emission could be caused by the presence of an embedded and accreting protoplanet, although the possibility of it being an asymmetric disk feature cannot be excluded. The spiral structure is probably not related to the protoplanet candidate, unless on an inclined and eccentric orbit, and it could be due to one (or more) yet undetected planetary companions at the edge of or outside the spiral pattern. Future observations and additional simulations will be needed to shed light on the true nature of the point-like source and its link with the spiral arms.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolic Complications after Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sultan Steven , Jackson Danielle , Erhard Heather , Greenspun David , Benacquista Teresa , Garfein Evan , Weichman Katie 
Published: December 2017

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity and a focus of patient safety initiatives. Despite giving appropriate prophylaxis in accordance with the Caprini risk assessment model, we observed a high incidence of VTE in patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction at our institution. To explore factors contributing to these events, we compared patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction who sustained postoperative VTEs to those who did not.
Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent microsurgical free flap breast reconstruction at Montefiore Medical Center from January 2009 to January 2016 was conducted. Patients were divided into two cohorts; those sustaining postoperative VTE and those who did not. Patients were compared based on demographics, comorbidities, operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, need for transfusion, volume of transfusion, and discharge on postoperative aspirin.
Results A total of 133 patients underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction during the study period. Nine patients (6.8%) had postoperative VTE and there was one (0.8%) death. Patients having VTE were more likely to be Hispanic (33.3%, n = 3) in the VTE group versus 8.1% (n = 6) in the control group (p = 0.011), more likely to have an increased mean transfusion volume (455.5 ± 367.8 vs. 139.51 ± 221.7 mL, p = 0.03), and were more likely to be discharged without aspirin (77.8%, n = 7 and 58.1%, n = 72; p = 0.003).
Conclusion Patients sustaining postoperative VTE after microsurgical breast reconstruction are more likely to have an increased volume of blood transfusions and lack of discharge on postoperative aspirin.
Daten zur Behandlungsrealität des diabetischen Makulaödems mit Ranibizumab
Authors: Wilke Robert , Finger Robert , Sachs Helmut 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Prospektive kontrollierte Studien zur Behandlung des diabetischen Makulaödems (DME) mit Anti-VEGF-Therapeutika zeigen ein sehr gutes Visusergebnis über mehrere Jahre hinweg. Bisher liegen kaum Daten über Ergebnisse in der klinischen Behandlungsrealität vor, obwohl aus anderen Indikationsbereichen bekannt ist, dass die Ergebnisse der klinischen Routine oft denen aus prospektiven, kontrollierten Studien in Visusergebnis und Anzahl an Injektionen hinterherhinken. Wir berichten über eine Fallserie der Behandlung des DME an unserer Klinik.
Patienten/Material und Methoden Retrospektive Fallserie von 335 Fällen mit einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von bis zu 3 Jahren. Fälle aus einem Zentrum, die wegen eines visusrelevanten diabetischen Makulaödems mindestens 1 Lucentisinjektion erhalten haben, wurden unter Auswertung des Verlaufs der zentralen Sehschärfe sowie der Anzahl von Injektionen ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Es findet sich ein mittlerer Gewinn an Sehschärfe im 1. und 2. Jahr von + 5,6 bzw. + 3,7 Buchstaben im Vergleich zur Baseline bei einem Ausgangsvisus von logMAR 0,52 (dezimal 0,3). Der Visusgewinn wird hauptsächlich in den ersten 4 Monaten erreicht, danach findet sich noch bis Monat 16 ein weiterer, jedoch flacherer Anstieg der Sehschärfe. Die mittlere Anzahl von Injektionen lag im 1., 2. und 3. Jahr bei 5,7, 3,2 und 1,1 Injektionen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Daten zeigen einen Unterschied in der Behandlungsrealität des DME im Vergleich zu prospektiven, kontrollierten Studien, wie er bereits bei anderen Indikationen der Anti-VEGF-Therapie gefunden wurde: Der initiale Visusgewinn fällt geringer aus als in kontrollierten Studien und er kann nicht vollständig über längere Zeit gehalten werden. Diese geht einher mit einer deutlich geringeren Anzahl an Injektionen als in kontrollierten Studien. Gründe können in unterschiedlichen Patientenpopulationen liegen sowie in einer Negativselektion im Langzeitverlauf. Barrieren, die darüber hinaus eine zügige und bedarfsgerechte Therapie behindern, müssen weiter identifiziert und möglichst umgangen werden.
Linksventrikuläre Assist-Systeme – Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten in der ambulanten Versorgung
Authors: Burkhard-Meier Caspar , Morshuis Michiel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe use of left-ventricular assist device therapy (LVAD) in terminal heart failure patients is increasing. Many patients are receiving LVAD-therapy as final solution (destination therapy). After discharge from the implanting heart center patient-centered care has to be implemented on an outpatient basis. A responsible ambulatory treatment of this severe heart failure population requires knowledge about LVAD specific problems (general medical care, long term complications, device management). The referring cardiologist as well as the private practitioner should be more involved in the care of patients with LVAD. By this means patients safety would increase and the overall costs decline not at least due to fewer hospital readmissions.
Biopsy of Liver Target Lesions under Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Guidance – A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Francica Giampiero , Meloni Maria , de Sio Ilario , Terracciano Fulvia , Caturelli Eugenio , Riccardi Laura , Roselli Paola , Iadevaia Maddalena , Scaglione Mariano , Lenna Giovanni , Chiang Jason , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose To retrospectively characterize the prevalence and impact of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a guidance technique for the biopsy of liver target lesions (LTLs) at six interventional ultrasound centers.
Materials and Methods The six participating centers retrospectively selected all patients in whom biopsy needles were positioned in LTLs during CEUS. The prevalence of CEUS-guided biopsies at each center between 2005 and 2016, contrast agent consumption, procedure indications, diagnostic yield and complications were assessed. Informed consent was obtained for all patients.
Results CEUS-guided biopsy of LTLs was carried out in 103 patients (68 M/35 F, median age: 69 yrs) with 103 liver target lesions (median size: 20 mm) using cutting needles (18 – 20 g) in 94 cases (91.2 %). CEUS-guided biopsy represented 2.6 % (range: 0.8 – 7.7 %) of 3818 biopsies on LTLs carried out at the participating centers. Indications to CEUS-guided biopsy were: a target lesion not visible on non-enhanced US (27.2 %), improvement of conspicuity of the target (33 %), choice of non-necrotic area inside the target (39.8 %). 26 patients (25.2 %) had a previously non-diagnostic cyto-histological exam. The diagnostic accuracy of the technique was 99 %. No major complications followed infusion of contrast agent or biopsy performance.
Conclusion The indications for CEUS-guided biopsy for LTLs are limited, but CEUS can be useful in challenging clinical scenarios, e. g. poorly visualized or invisible lesions or sampling of non-necrotic areas in the target lesions. There is also a potential advantage in using CEUS to guide repeat biopsies after unsuccessful sampling performed using the standard ultrasound technique.
Ethylene promotes root hair growth through coordinated EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 activity in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Feng Ying , Xu Ping , Li Bosheng , Li Pengpeng , Wen Xing , An Fengying , Gong Yan , Xin Yi , Zhu Ziqiang , Wang Yichuan , Guo Hongwei 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Root hairs are unicellular extensions of root epidermal cells that help plants increase water and nutrient uptake and improve soil anchorage, both of which are crucial for the globally recognized goal of yield improvement with reduced fertilizer use. Previous studies have implicated numerous genes and phytohormones in the control of root hair development. This work uncovers the molecular mechanism of ethylene (ET)-promoted root hair growth and identifies a transcriptional complex consisting of EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 as the key regulator of root hair initiation and elongation. As ET mediates the effects of various root hair stimuli, this work also elucidates a convergent signaling network that integrates diverse environmental cues and intrinsic signals to modulate plant organ development.
Making two-photon processes dominate one-photon processes using mid-IR phonon polaritons
Authors: Rivera Nicholas , Rosolen Gilles , Joannopoulos John D. , Kaminer Ido , Soljačić Marin 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The recent discovery of nanoscale-confined phonon polaritons in polar dielectric materials has generated vigorous interest because it provides a path to low-loss nanoscale photonics at technologically important mid-IR and terahertz frequencies. In this work, we show that these polar dielectrics can be used to develop a bright and efficient spontaneous emitter of photon pairs. The two-photon emission can completely dominate the total emission for realistic electronic systems, even when competing single-photon emission channels exist. We believe this work acts as a starting point for the development of sources of entangled nano-confined photons at frequency ranges where photon sources are generally considered lacking. Additionally, we believe that these results add a dimension to the great promise of phonon polaritonics.
Bulk magnetic domain stability controls paleointensity fidelity
Authors: Paterson Greig A. , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Yamamoto Yuhji , Pan Yongxin 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The strength of the ancient geomagnetic field (paleointensity) is a key tool to observe the evolution of early Earth’s geodynamo, which provided an essential protective barrier for the emergence of life. However, paleointensity data are fraught with difficulties that make understanding the evolution of our planet more challenging. We demonstrate a long-sought-after quantitative relationship between fundamental rock magnetic properties and the fidelity of paleointensity records. This relationship can be used to reject low-fidelity paleointensity records and help resolve controversy that surrounds key questions about the evolution of our planet, such as when did the geodynamo begin, when did the inner core solidify, or how early life may have interacted with the magnetic field.
Using Carbon Dioxide in Fisheries and Aquatic Invasive Species Management
Authors: Treanor Hilary B. , Ray Andrew M. , Layhee Megan , Watten Barnaby J. , Gross Jackson A. , Gresswell Robert E. , Webb Molly A. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
To restore native fish populations, fisheries programs often depend on active removal of aquatic invasive species. Chemical removal can be an effective method of eliminating aquatic invasive species, but chemicals can induce mortality in nontarget organisms and persist in the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an emerging alternative to traditional chemical control agents because it has been demonstrated to be toxic to fish, but is naturally occurring and readily neutralized. In addition, CO2 is a commercially available gas, is highly soluble, and has high absorption efficiency. When these characteristics are paired with advances in modern, large-scale gas delivery technologies, opportunities to use CO2 in natural or artificial (e.g., canals) waters to manage fish become increasingly feasible. Our objective is to describe the history of CO2 use in fisheries and outline potential future applications of CO2 to suppress and manipulate aquatic species in field and aquaculture settings.
Promoting solutions and co-constructing problems – management consultancy and instrument constituencies
Authors: Sturdy Andrew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe concept of ‘instrument constituencies’ has recently emerged in policy research to reflect actors and practices focused primarily on articulating and promoting policy solutions. A central component of this is that, with such an emphasis on promotion, policy-maker decisions are subject to supply push rather than being demand-led. In particular, the ‘solutions’ of instrument constituencies come before, rather than after, the problems they are held to solve – solutions chasing problems. Key actors here are external consultants. However, the extent to which their activities match the problem chasing of the instrument constituency concept is untested. As a start in addressing such neglect, this article draws on data from secondary sources from research, outside the policy field, in organisation studies. In particular, it compares promotional practices in consulting with the supply push element of the instrument constituency model, finding that they correspond, but only partially. Consultants do not always construct problems for their clients to fit their prepared solutions, nor do they simply conform to the conventional, ‘rational’ model. Rather, it is shown that they also simultaneously co-produce both problems and solutions with clients, combining supply-push and demand-led approaches. Thus, it is argued that the model need not be so strongly associated with problem chasing (and non-rational decisions). Rather, the case of consultancy draws attention to how decision-making through instrument constituencies can occur along a continuum of three positions, from problems pre-dating solutions, being (co-) constructed at the same time, to their production after the ‘solution’.
The concept of instrument constituencies: accounting for dynamics and practices of knowing governance
Authors: Simons Arno , Voß Jan-Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs a new concept in policy analysis, instrument constituencies shed light on the ‘supply side’ of policy-making and thereby fill a gap in our understanding of national and transnational policy dynamics. Policy instruments are not only ‘active’ because they contain scripts for reordering society but also because they gather a constituency comprised of practices and actors oriented towards developing, maintaining and expanding a specific instrumental model of governing. Instrument constituencies account for a hitherto neglected form of agency and explain the often-observed paradox that policy solutions sometimes chase policy problems, although the former are meant to emerge as answers to the later. We give an outline of the concept as it has been developed so far, formulate propositions, and discuss linkages with established research traditions in policy studies.
CFD Analysis in Subsea and Marine Technology
Authors: Jasak Hrvoje 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is established in design and analysis for a range of industries, but its use in Marine and Naval Hydrodynamics is behind the trend. This can be attributed to the complexity of modelling needs, including presence of free surface,
irregular transient flows, fluid-structure coupling and presence of established modelling tools based on potential theory.
In this paper, state-of-the-art of CFD in Naval Hydrodynamics, wave and offshore applications is given, with an update of recent advances, validation and computing requirements for typical simulation cases.
Economics of gynecologic morcellation
Authors: Bortoletto Pietro , Friedman Jaclyn , Milad Magdy P. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
As the Food and Drug Administration raised concern over the power morcellator in 2014, the field has seen significant change, with patients and physicians questioning which procedure is safest and most cost-effective. The economic impact of these decisions is poorly understood.

Recent findings
Multiple new technologies have been developed to allow surgeons to continue to afford patients the many benefits of minimally invasive surgery while minimizing the risks of power morcellation. At the same time, researchers have focused on the true benefits of the power morcellator from a safety and cost perspective, and consistently found that with careful patient selection, by preventing laparotomies, it can be a cost-effective tool.

Summary
Changes since 2014 have resulted in new techniques and technologies to allow these minimally invasive procedures to continue to be offered in a safe manner. With this rapid change, physicians are altering their practice and patients are attempting to educate themselves to decide what is best for them. This evolution has allowed us to refocus on the cost implications of new developments, allowing stakeholders the opportunity to maximize patient safety and surgical outcomes while minimizing cost.
Quantification of Collagen Organization after Nerve Repair
Authors: Israel Jacqueline S. , Esquibel Corinne R. , Dingle Aaron M. , Liu Yuming , Keikhosravi Adib , Pisaniello Jane A. , Hesse Madison A. , Brodnick Sarah K. , Novello Joseph , Krugner-Higby Lisa , Williams Justin C. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Poore Samuel O. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Clinical outcomes after nerve injury and repair remain suboptimal. Patients may be plagued by poor functional recovery and painful neuroma at the repair site, characterized by disorganized collagen and sprouting axons. Collagen deposition during wound healing can be intrinsically imaged using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for SHG imaging of nerves and to assess whether collagen alignment can be quantified after nerve repair.

Methods:
Sciatic nerve transection and epineural repair was performed in male rats. The contralateral nerves were used as intra-animal controls. Ten-millimeter nerve segments were harvested and fixed onto slides. SHG images were collected using a 20× objective on a multiphoton microscope. Collagen fiber alignment was calculated using CurveAlign software. Alignment was calculated on a scale from 0 to 1, where 1 represents perfect alignment. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effects model.

Results:
Eight male rats underwent right sciatic nerve repair using 9-0 Nylon suture. There were gross variations in collagen fiber organization in the repaired nerves compared with the controls. Quantitatively, collagen fibers were more aligned in the control nerves (mean alignment 0.754, SE 0.055) than in the repairs (mean alignment 0.413, SE 0.047; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
SHG microscopy can be used to quantitate collagen after nerve repair via fiber alignment. Given that the development of neuroma likely reflects aberrant wound healing, ex vivo and/or in vivo SHG imaging may be useful for further investigation of the variables predisposing to neuroma.