bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 36 cases
Authors: Compérat Eva , McKenney Jesse K , Hartmann Arndt , Hes Ondrej , Bertz Simone , Varinot Justine , Brimo Fadi 
Published: August 2017

AimsThe large nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (LNUC) has been added to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification. Scant data exist, and little is known about its clinical behaviour.Material and resultsCases fulfilling the morphological criteria of LNUC were collected. Pure and mixed cases (i.e. with other patterns of invasive UC) were studied. Immunohistochemical staining with cytokeratin (CK)7, p63, GATA‐3, CK20, p53 and Ki‐67 was performed. Included were 26 cystectomies (RC) and 10 resections (TURB) belonging to 36 patients with an average age of 66.7 years. Fourteen (39%) were pure LNUCs, and 22 (61%) displayed mixed features. Seventy per cent of the TURBs had pT2 tumours, while 58% of RCs had extravesical disease (≥pT3 and/or ≥pN1), with the rate of advanced disease being higher in mixed (69%) in comparison to pure cases (40%). Similarly, 38% of mixed cases had nodal metastases in comparison to 20% of pure cases. Overall, eight patients (24%) died of disease at a mean interval time of 21.7 months and seven patients (21%) showed recurrence or metastases. Disease progression was significantly higher in mixed cases (55 and 31% in mixed and pure cases, respectively). Positive staining was: CK7 = 87.5%, CK20 = 72%, GATA‐3 = 91%, P63 = 100%, p53 = 56% and Ki‐67 = mean of 16%.ConclusionDespite the bland cytological appearance and deceptive pattern of invasion of the LNUC, our study validates its fully malignant potential with metastatic spread and tumour‐related deaths. Distinguishing mixed from pure LNUCs seems to be of value. LNUCs show comparable immunophenotype to both conventional urothelial carcinoma and the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma.
Livestock grazing disrupts plant–insect interactions on salt marshes
Authors: Rickert Corinna , Fichtner Andreas , van Klink Roel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStudies of grassland communities have demonstrated that increasing vertebrate grazing decreases the diversity of specialised herbivorous insects, while plant diversity is maintained or increased. However, we still have a limited understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying these contrasting observations of two tightly linked groups of organisms.We used spatially linked plant and moth observations from salt marshes, sampled for 3 years along an experimental sheep‐grazing gradient (0, 1–2, 3–4 and 10 sheep ha−1), to test whether the disruption of plant–insect interactions by large herbivores accounts for these contrasting grazing effects. Moths were caught using emergence traps, which were moved and repositioned every 3 weeks.Firstly, we quantified species turnover between the grazing regimes for both taxa (measured as Sørensen dissimilarity) using a null‐model approach. Secondly, we analysed the number of observed insect ̶ host associations under the different regimes.Species turnover between grazing regimes was significant (after correcting for rarefaction effects) for moth species, but not for plants, indicating very few and random effects of grazing on plant species composition. The percentage of realised plant–moth associations decreased from 37% in the absence of grazing to 6.5% under high stocking densities.We thus conclude that vertebrate grazing caused a disruption of plant–moth associations, probably by rendering the host‐plants unsuitable for most of the moth species. Our findings provide further mechanistic understanding on how large herbivores shape arthropod communities and illustrate the importance of host‐plant associations in explaining effects of natural or anthropogenic habitat modification.
Does dental hygienist professional education meet the needs of working life? Educators' views
Authors: Jokiaho T‐L , Kaakinen P , Virtanen JI 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the compatibility of dental hygienist education with working life from the perspective of their educators.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study among principal educators of dental hygienists in Finland in 2012‐2013. The participants were leading educators of dental hygienists (n = 13) from the four Finnish education units. We used semi‐structured interviews based on previous Nordic studies to collect the data and analysed them using inductive content analysis.ResultsAccording to the educators, dental hygienists' skills at work are neither fully nor effectively utilized, even though their education meets the needs of working life quite well. The educators felt that hygienists' professional competence would prove more useful in health promotion and orthodontic measures and that the division of labour should be clearer. Clarifying this distinction in periodontal therapy could be improved.ConclusionFully utilizing dental hygienists' competence in clinical work would benefit from further development. The content of dental hygienists' clinical work should be reassessed so as to utilize their skills more fully. The compatibility of dental hygienist education corresponds largely to the needs of future working life.
Targeting of tolerogenic dendritic cells towards heat‐shock proteins: a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases?
Authors: Jansen Manon A. A. , Spiering Rachel , Broere Femke , van Laar Jacob M. , Isaacs John D. , van Eden Willem , Hilkens Catharien M. U. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are a promising therapeutic tool to restore immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. The rationale of using tolDCs is that they can specifically target the pathogenic T‐cell response while leaving other, protective, T‐cell responses intact. Several ways of generating therapeutic tolDCs have been described, but whether these tolDCs should be loaded with autoantigen(s), and if so, with which autoantigen(s), remains unclear. Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are not commonly defined by a single, universal, autoantigen. A possible solution is to use surrogate autoantigens for loading of tolDCs. We propose that heat‐shock proteins may be a relevant surrogate antigen, as they are evolutionarily conserved between species, ubiquitously expressed in inflamed tissues and have been shown to induce regulatory T cells, ameliorating disease in various arthritis mouse models. In this review, we provide an overview on how immune tolerance may be restored by tolDCs, the problem of selecting relevant autoantigens for loading of tolDCs, and why heat‐shock proteins could be used as surrogate autoantigens.
Thermodynamic assessment of the pseudoternary Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system
Authors: Utlak Stephen A. , Besmann Theodore M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVitrified high‐level radioactive waste that contains high concentrations of Na2O and Al2O3, such as the waste stored at the Hanford site, can cause nepheline to precipitate in the glass upon cooling in the canisters. Nepheline formation removes oxides such as Al2O3 and SiO2 from the host glass, which can reduce its chemical durability. Uncertainty in the extent of precipitated nepheline necessitates operating at an enhanced waste loading margin, which increases operational costs by extending the vitrification mission as well as increasing waste storage requirements. A thermodynamic evaluation of the Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system that forms nepheline was conducted by utilizing the compound energy formalism and ionic liquid model to represent the solid solution and liquid phases, respectively. These were optimized with experimental data and used to extrapolate phase boundaries into regions of temperature and composition where measurements are unavailable. The intent is to import the determined Gibbs energies into a phase field model to more accurately predict nepheline phase formation and morphology evolution in waste glasses to allow for the design of formulations with maximum loading.
On the coupled ferroelectric‐electrochromic effect of ε‐WO3
Authors: Abe Owen O. , Jodhani Gagan , Gouma Perena 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA reversible electrochromic effect has been observed for the first time in flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) processed ε‐WO3 thin films without the use of an ion storage layer and an electrolytic layer. The dark coloration that appears upon the application of a voltage in films deposited on top of interdigitated gold electrodes is localized to the low voltage (−) electrode arm and it switches to the opposite arm upon a reversal of the polarity. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the coloration was not due to intercalation. It is argued here that the coloration is driven by the asymmetric ferroelectric properties of the ε‐WO3 crystals and that this electrochromic reversibility is intrinsically coupled with the polarization switching of the device.
Evaluation of SiC/SiC minicomposites with yttrium disilicate fiber coating
Authors: Boakye Emmanuel E. , Key Thomas S. , Parthasarathy Triplicane A. , Keller Kristin A. , Opeka Samuel J. , Hay Randall S. , Cinibulk Michael K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHi‐Nicalon‐S/α‐Y2Si2O7/SiC minicomposites were formed by polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and characterized by TEM, SEM fractography, tensile testing, and fiber push‐in testing. All minicomposites with α‐Y2Si2O7 fiber coatings had strengths significantly higher than the control samples without fiber coatings. Extensive fiber pullout with debonding at the coating‐fiber interface or within the coating itself was observed in minicomposites with Y2Si2O7 fiber coatings, but no debonding was observed in minicomposites without fiber coatings. Debond energies of 4.5 ± 3, 4.6 ± 3 J/m2 and average sliding stresses of 91 ± 40, 94 ± 40 MPa were measured by fiber push‐in tests.
Gaussian covariance graph models accounting for correlated marker effects in genome‐wide prediction
Authors: Martínez C.A. , Khare K. , Rahman S. , Elzo M.A. 
Published: August 2017

SummarySeveral statistical models used in genome‐wide prediction assume uncorrelated marker allele substitution effects, but it is known that these effects may be correlated. In statistics, graphical models have been identified as a useful tool for covariance estimation in high‐dimensional problems and it is an area that has recently experienced a great expansion. In Gaussian covariance graph models (GCovGM), the joint distribution of a set of random variables is assumed to be Gaussian and the pattern of zeros of the covariance matrix is encoded in terms of an undirected graphG. In this study, methods adapting the theory of GCovGM to genome‐wide prediction were developed (Bayes GCov, Bayes GCov‐KR and Bayes GCov‐H). In simulated data sets, improvements in correlation between phenotypes and predicted breeding values and accuracies of predicted breeding values were found. Our models account for correlation of marker effects and permit to accommodate general structures as opposed to models proposed in previous studies, which consider spatial correlation only. In addition, they allow incorporation of biological information in the prediction process through its use when constructing graphG, and their extension to the multi‐allelic loci case is straightforward.
Molecular and cellular discoveries in inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: Soumelis V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt was no earlier than 1986 that T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells were described for the first time, opening the field of lymphocyte diversity and the investigation of the physiopathology of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Since that time, much research has been carried out showing a very complex communication network leading to inflammatory responses. Nowadays, understanding the cellular and molecular components of the inflammatory network and of the different crosstalks not only for groups of diseases but also for the individual patient is mandatory for developing and personalizing treatments. The aim of the present proceeding was to provide an update concerning some of the most recent molecular and cellular discoveries in inflammatory skin diseases and especially of AD.
New data on hyperpigmentation disorders
Authors: Schalka S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently visible light (VL) and vascularization triggered by infrared light (IR) play a role in hyperpigmentation disorders of the skin. The aim of this article is to provide an update on the aetiology of hyperpigmentation disorders and means of prevention against UV, visible (VL) and infrared light (IR). The author conducted a literature review of the most recent data about hyperpigmentation disorders and means of prevention and protection. VL impacts on pigmentation, especially in individuals with phototype III, IV or V and also causes the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), erythema and DNA damage through ROS production as well as photodermatoses. IR is supposed to be involved in melanogenesis throughout the activation of the endothelin receptor B and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and protein (p)38. To protect from hyperpigmentation caused by VL, sunscreens containing iron oxides are efficient. The development of systemic antioxidants and new UV‐VL sunscreens which allow absorption of the energy in the VL spectrum without reflection may provide further protection. With no existing organic or non‐organic filters able to absorb or reflect IR, topical antioxidants may be able to provide some protection against damage caused by IR. However, their clinical efficacy still needs to be confirmed. In conclusion, UV, VL and IR light induce pigmentation. To prevent hyperpigmentation, protection using adequate sunscreens on exposed areas is needed. To date, no efficient protection from IR light exists, but topical antioxidants may be able to provide some protection.
Comparison of starch films and effect of different rice starch‐based coating formulations on physical properties of walnut during storage time at accelerated temperature
Authors: Aghazadeh Mona , Karim Roselina , Sultan M. Tauseef , Paykary Maryam , Johnson Stuart K. , Shekarforoush Elhamalsadat 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEffects of different rice starch‐based coating formulations on physical properties of walnut were studied during 20 days storage at accelerated temperature. Results from different starch films indicated there were nonsignificant differences in water and oxygen barrier properties of the starch films. However, significant (p ≤ .05) differences were present in the elongation at break characteristics between the corn and rice films. Tensile strength varied significantly between edible films made from rice starch with that of wheat and corn. Melting temperature (Tm) of wheat and corn starch films was higher than rice starch films (152.77 °C). Thus, rice starch in combination with different additives such as chitosan, emulsifier, and red palm oil, which improve the properties of rice starches have been chosen to coat dried walnut kernels. The coated walnuts were significantly (p ≤ .05) lighter than the control group. Results on different functional ingredients also showed significant variations, for example; yellowness of walnut in the presence of chitosan was lower among the coating formulas (p ≥ .05). However, the variations in textural characteristics of walnuts with different coating formulas remained nonsignificant (p > .05).Practical applicationsRice based edible coating added with chitosan can be used to extend the shelf life of walnut kernels. These coated walnuts can be safely distributed or sold in tropical countries where the surrounding relative humidity and temperature is high. Edible coating serves as a barrier which reduces the effect of oxygen, moisture and temperature (most important factors of rancidity) on nuts. The application of starch‐based coating for walnuts will also help to reduce storage space as removing the husk (green layer) and shell of walnuts (wooden layer) results in less space requirements. Furthermore, the coated walnuts can be stored at room temperature and requirement for refrigerated system can be eliminated, hence the cost of storage is minimized.
Commercialized machine for soaking and slicing peanuts to induce resveratrol production
Authors: Ju Jain‐Song 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResveratrol is a type of phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury. Peanuts have been discovered to contain more resveratrol once they have been sliced. In this study, we developed a machine for automatically soaking, slicing, and incubating peanut kernels to induce more production of resveratrol. In the overall process, the germination rate of the peanut kernels and the throughput of the peanut‐kernel slicer are 91.1% and 4.2 kg/hr, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the kernel slices had a smooth surface with undamaged tissue. The yield of resveratrol, which can be extracted by methanol and measured, using high‐performance liquid chromatography, was approximately 0.372 mg/g. Thus, this study demonstrated a machine designed for inducing peanut kernels to produce more resveratrol, and the slicer was demonstrated to save time and labor, reduce contamination, and have high‐throughput.Practical applicationsThe present study proposed a system for automating the soaking and slicing of peanut kernels that eliminates manual work and ensures the quality of the resultant kernel slices. The settings of the system were configured using a human–machine interface (HMI) that enabled real‐time monitoring of the production process variables to decrease the human labor required and the need to adjust for environmental factors. This improved the germination rate, hygiene of the peanut products, and occupational safety. This system can be used to derive Res from peanuts for the development of dietary supplements.
Mandibular complete denture versus single‐implant overdenture: a systematic review of patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Nogueira T. E. , Dias D. R. , Leles C. R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe single‐implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO) has been proposed as an alternative for edentulous patients who are poorly adapted to their dentures due to low retention and stability of the conventional mandibular complete denture (CD). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of SIMO, which can be measured by examining patient perception of treatment effects. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the comparative results of CD and SIMO treatments using patient‐reported outcome measures. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases. The search included studies published up to July 2017. The focus question was: ‘Do single‐implant mandibular overdentures improve patient‐reported outcomes compared to conventional complete dentures in edentulous patients?’ Eligible studies were randomised clinical trials (RCT) and prospective studies. After initial screening for eligibility and full‐text analysis, 11 studies were included for data extraction and quality assessment (five parallel‐group RCTs, two crossover RCTs and four prospective studies). All studies reported marked improvement in satisfaction with the dentures and quality of life measures after SIMO treatment, irrespective of variations in implant treatment protocols and retention systems. Methodological considerations revealed a lack of evidence from RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of the two treatment strategies. Hence, although available evidence suggests considerable improvement in patient‐reported outcomes following the insertion of a single implant to retain a mandibular denture, further well‐designed comparative studies between SIMO and CD are required to improve the level of evidence and to support the indication of SIMO treatment in routine practice.
The Virtue of Emerson's Imitation of Christ: From William Ellery Channing to John Brown
Authors: Dumler‐Winckler Emily J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChristians have traditionally conceived of the moral life as an imitation of Christ, whereby followers enter into fellowship with God. The American Transcendentalists can be understood as extending rather than dispensing with this legacy. For Emerson, a person cultivates virtues by imitating those she loves and admires. Ultimately, however, the virtues enable her to innovate on received models, to excel by pressing beyond exemplars. Emerson's famous line, “imitation is suicide,” is not a contradiction but a fulfillment of the imitation of Christ, understood in his terms. In his own time, John Brown was the public figure who, for Emerson, most nearly exemplified this innovative imitation of Christ. An examination of exemplarity, of this artful union of imitation and innovation in moral and spiritual formation, sheds light on how modern agents can cultivate the virtues needed to be at home in the modern world.
Temporal association of implementation of the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) with changes in dental‐related emergency department visits in Maricopa County from 2006 to 2012
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Alhanti Brooke , McCullough Mac , Goodin Kate , Roling Kirsten , Glickman Larry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in emergency department (ED) dental‐related visits in Maricopa County before and after the elimination of dental benefits for adult Medicaid‐insured patients as of October 2010.MethodsHospital visits extracted from a hospital discharge dataset were used to calculate a yearly rate ratio of dental‐related versus non–dental‐related ED visits (as a comparison group) for adults, children, and payer types. Changes in ED visits over time were evaluated from 2006 to 2012.ResultsOverall, 1.3 percent of all ED visits (8,030,767) were for dental‐related purposes. Medicaid‐insured patients accounted for 41.9 percent and 44.3 percent of all dental‐related ED visits in 2006 and 2012, respectively. The rate ratio for the percentage of dental‐related versus non–dental‐related ED visits in each age category and payer type showed little fluctuation over time indicating no evidence of change in the dental‐related ED visits as a proportion of the overall number of visits due to the cuts in the dental benefits for adult Medicaid‐insured patients.ConclusionWe found no evidence that cuts in dental benefits for adult Medicaid‐insured patients resulted in increased dental‐related ED visits in Maricopa County during the study period. Rather, we found evidence of a shift in payer type after the 2010 policy change where dental‐related ED visits by self‐paid patients increased as dental‐related ED visits by Medicaid‐insured patients decreased. Such payer shifts will result in high uncompensated care burdens for providers and, ultimately, governmental payers.