bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Cry1Ab‐susceptible and ‐heterozygous resistant populations of sugarcane borer in sequential feedings on non‐Bt and Bt maize plant tissue
Authors: Yang Guoqing , Niu Ying , Head Graham P. , Price Paula A. , Huang Fangneng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA seed mix strategy has been used to provide refuge to susceptible insects for resistance management in planting transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) proteins. To determine whether larval movement in a seed mix planting creates favorable conditions for resistant heterozygotes of a target pest, performance of Cry1Ab‐susceptible (SS) and ‐heterozygous resistant (RS) populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), was evaluated in sequential feeding on non‐Bt and Cry1Ab (event MON 810) maize plant tissue. For each insect population, nine feeding sequences were employed. SS and RS feeding on non‐Bt plants for their entire larval stages survived well and >60% of the adult pairs produced viable eggs, with an average of 269 progeny per female, whereas none of the two populations on Bt maize plants survived to the pupal stage. SS larvae could not develop to adults if the larvae fed on non‐Bt plants for ≤15 days and then moved to Bt plants. In contrast, 4.2–29.2% of RS larvae that fed on non‐Bt plants for ≥9 days and then moved to Bt plants developed to adults, and 63.6% of pairs of these adults produced viable eggs, with an average of 185 progeny per female. For SS larvae that fed on Bt plants for 1 or 2 days and then moved to non‐Bt plants, few larvae developed to adults with varied emergence times, whereas 28.1 and 13.5% RS larvae feeding on Bt plants for 1 and 2 days, respectively, successfully developed to adults; 43.8% of pairs of these adults produced viable eggs, with an average of 220 progeny per female. For the case of the single Bt gene maize plants (event MON 810), the results suggest that RS insects may have advantages in survival and reproduction over SS if RS larvae hatch and feed on Bt plants during the first 1 or 2 days and then move to non‐Bt plants. This advantage is less for RS larvae that hatch and feed on non‐Bt plants first and then move to Bt plants, unless the larval movement occurs in the later stages (e.g., fourth or fifth instars).
Importance of solitarious desert locust population dynamics: lessons from historical survey data in Algeria
Authors: Lazar Mohammed , Piou Cyril , Doumandji‐Mitiche Bahia , Lecoq Michel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a major pest and well known in its gregarious phase. However, it is not well understood during recession periods, when the solitarious phase populations are discrete. Nonetheless, these populations are at the origin of the invasions when ecological conditions become favourable. This lack of knowledge of the solitarious phase individuals impedes effective preventive management of this pest. Archive data collected in Algeria from 1980 to 2011 were used to analyse solitarious population dynamics across the Algerian Sahara where some outbreak areas are located that play a major role in the invasion process. The results confirm previous empirical observations on solitarious population dynamics. First, a clear difference could be documented between the northern and southern Saharan regions of Algeria concerning the locust dynamics and the impact of environmental conditions. The importance of runoff was clear to create suitable habitats over a long period and to very distant places from rainy areas. Second, a link, on an annual basis, between green vegetation and presence of solitarious locusts was found. Third, statistical relationships between various locations demonstrated a clear regional dynamics. Our study confirmed the importance of migrations of solitarious populations among Algerian regions and more generally within the recession area of this species. The operational implications of these findings are multiple. First, they confirm the need of a flexible and scalable preventive system during the year, from 1 year to another and with a clear distinction between the northern and southern Saharan areas of Algeria. Second, they also confirm the necessity for the inclusion of wadis and soil moisture estimations from remote sensing in geographic information systems for preventive management. And third, they clearly illustrate the importance to target solitarious locusts for more efficient preventive survey operations.
Adult trees cause density‐dependent mortality in conspecific seedlings by regulating the frequency of pathogenic soil fungi
Authors: Liang Minxia , Liu Xubing , Gilbert Gregory S. , Zheng Yi , Luo Shan , Huang Fengmin , Yu Shixiao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNegative density‐dependent seedling mortality has been widely detected in tropical, subtropical and temperate forests, with soil pathogens as a major driver. Here we investigated how host density affects the composition of soil pathogen communities and consequently influences the strength of plant‐soil feedbacks. In field censuses of six 1‐ha permanent plots, we found that survival was much lower for newly germinated seedlings that were surrounded by more conspecific adults. The relative abundance of pathogenic fungi in soil increased with increasing conspecific tree density for five of nine tree species; more soil pathogens accumulated around roots where adult tree density was higher, and this greater pathogen frequency was associated with lower seedling survival. Our findings show how tree density influences populations of soil pathogens, which creates plant‐soil feedbacks that contribute to community‐level and population‐level compensatory trends in seedling survival.
Inhibition of histone deacetylases in melanoma—a perspective from bench to bedside
Authors: Hornig Eva , Heppt Markus V. , Graf Saskia A. , Ruzicka Thomas , Berking Carola 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are critically involved in epigenetic gene regulation through alterations of the chromatin status of DNA. Aberrant expression, dysregulation of their enzymatic activity or imbalances between HDACs and histone acetyltransferases are likely involved in the development and progression of cancer. Pharmacologic inhibition of HDACs shows potent antitumor activity in a panel of malignancies such as colon or gastric cancer and multiple myeloma. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of HDACs in melanoma and evaluate the application of HDAC inhibition from an experimental and clinical perspective. The molecular functions of HDACs can be classified into histone and non‐histone effects with diverse implications in proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. HDAC inhibition results in G1 cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis and increases the immunogenicity of melanoma cells. Some studies proposed that HDAC inhibition may overcome the resistance of melanoma cells to BRAF inhibition. Several inhibitors such as vorinostat, entinostat and valproic acid have recently been tested in phase I and early phase II trials, yet most agents show limited efficacy and tolerability as single agents. The most frequent adverse events of HDAC inhibition comprise haematological toxicity, fatigue, nausea and laboratory abnormalities. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) may sensitize melanoma cells to immunotherapy and targeted therapy and hence bear therapeutic potential concurrent with immune checkpoint blockade or BRAF and MEK inhibition.
Leaf tissue fluxes of Pampa biome native grasses submitted to two grazing intervals
Authors: Confortin A. C. C. , Quadros F. L. F. , Santos A. B. , Seibert L. , Severo P. O. , Ribeiro B. S. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLeaf tissue fluxes of five Pampa biome grasses (Andropogon lateralis, Aristida laevis, Axonopus affinis, Paspalum notatum and Paspalum plicatulum) were evaluated in a natural pasture under rotational stocking with heifers in the spring and summer from October 2010 to April 2011. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two grazing intervals, defined by thermal sums of 375 and 750 degree‐days, and the five grass species. The evaluated species had a higher growth flux and balance between the fluxes when subjected to a grazing interval of 750 degree‐days and a higher real efficiency of utilization when subjected to grazing interval of 375 degree‐days. Andropogon lateralis showed the highest growth, intake and senescence fluxes: 3·61, 2·37 and 3·04 kg DM ha−1 day−1 respectively. Aristida laevis had the lowest real efficiency of utilization.
Outcome measures in European patients with haemophilia
Authors: Hermans C. , Klamroth R. , Richards M. , de Moerloose P. , Garrido R. P. ,   the EHTSB
Published: October 2016

IntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate the current implementation of outcome measures in routine clinical haemophilia practice and to explore and appreciate the perception of the relevance of such measures by treaters.MethodsA survey was completed by 19 of the 26 physicians involved in the European Haemophilia Therapy Strategy Board (EHTSB). Employing an extensive inventory of outcome measures used in patients with haemophilia, information was collected about the frequency of data collection and the subjective appreciation of their importance during clinic review.ResultsThe survey revealed that most treaters currently collect data that are mainly related to the haemostatic treatment (consumption of concentrates) and the bleeding symptoms (number and location of bleeds) in a non‐uniform and non‐standardized way. By contrast, functional, physical and quality of life scorings are rarely used and show considerable heterogeneity between treaters. Also, many disparities emerged between practice and perception, in particular quality of life data that are perceived as being important but for most of the time are not collected.ConclusionsThis survey represents, in our view, the first attempt to evaluate the actual utilization of outcome measures in haemophilia care. While the value of outcome measures is appreciated, they are not assessed regularly. Therefore, there is a need to include appropriate performance indicators (outcome measures) of haemophilia care in routine clinical practice. Consensus recommendations to provide a framework for achieving this aim are provided.
The association between dog ownership or dog walking and fitness or weight status in childhood
Authors: Westgarth C. , Boddy L. M. , Stratton G. , German A. J. , Gaskell R. M. , Coyne K. P. , Bundred P. , McCune S. , Dawson S. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundHealth benefits of dog walking are established in adults: dog owners are on average more physically active, and those walking their dogs regularly have lower weight status than those who do not. However, there has been little research on children.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between dog ownership or dog walking and childhood fitness or weight status.MethodsA survey of pet ownership and involvement in dog walking was combined with fitness and weight status measurements of 1021 9 to 10‐year‐old children in the Liverpool SportsLinx study.ResultsWe found little evidence to support that children who live with, or walk with, dogs are any fitter or less likely to be obese than those who do not.ConclusionsThis is an important finding, as it suggests that the activity that children currently do with dogs is not sufficient enough to impact weight status or fitness.
Successful treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis
Authors: Russo Irene , Miotto Serena , Colpo Anna , Marson Piero , Tison Tiziana , Ferrazzi Anna , Alaibac Mauro 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPyoderma gangrenosum is a neutrophilic dermatosis clinically characterised by the presence of painful skin ulcerations with erythematous and undetermined borders and histologically by the presence of neutrophilic infiltrates in the dermis. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis, also called granulocytapheresis, is a therapeutic strategy for extracorporeal immunomodulation that selectively removes activated granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages from the peripheral blood. Here, we report a case of a 73‐year‐old patient affected by a severe form of pyoderma gangrenosum presenting with multiple painful ulcers and pustules on his trunk and extremities. The disease was resistant to high doses of methylprednisolone and methotrexate and successfully treated by granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in pyoderma gangrenosum in Europe.
Explaining Implementation through Varieties of Capitalism Theory: The Case of the Telework and Work‐related Stress Agreements
Authors: Prosser Thomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite extensive literature on the implementation of European ‘soft’ law and Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) theory, no existing work has attempted to explain the implementation of soft law with reference to VoC. In this article, on the basis of a study of the implementation of the non‐legally binding European Telework and Work‐related Stress Agreements in four countries, we attempt to address this gap. Four hypotheses are developed, based on key tenets of VoC theory, which aim to explain divergent national implementation outcomes of the agreements. The predictive power of VoC emerges as mixed. Though a hypothesis concerning the propensity of Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs) to implement the agreements via collective agreements is confirmed, evidence for remaining hypotheses is more ambiguous. Implications for theories of soft law implementation and VoC theory are reflected upon in conclusion.
Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for eight or 12 weeks in treatment‐naïve and treatment‐experienced hepatitis C virus genotype 4 patients with or without cirrhosis
Authors: El Raziky M. , Gamil M. , Ashour M. K. , Sameea E. A. , Doss W. , Hamada Y. , Van Dooren G. , DeMasi R. , Keim S. , Lonjon‐Domanec I. , Hammad R. , Hashim M. S. , Hassany M. , Waked I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe OSIRIS study investigated efficacy and safety of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for eight or 12 weeks in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4‐infected patients with METAVIR F0‐F4 fibrosis. Sixty‐three patients (33 treatment‐naïve and 30 peg‐interferon/ribavirin (Peg‐IFN/RBV)‐experienced) enrolled in a partly randomized, open‐label, multicentre, phase IIa study. Patients with F0‐F3 fibrosis were randomized (1:1) into two groups (A1 and A2), stratified according to treatment experience and METAVIR score, to receive either eight weeks (Group A1, n=20) or 12 weeks (Group A2, n=20) of treatment. Patients with compensated cirrhosis (METAVIR F4) received 12 weeks of treatment (Group B, n=23). Treatment comprised simeprevir 150 mg and sofosbuvir 400 mg daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after planned end of treatment (SVR12). Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout. Overall, 92% (95% CI: 82‐97) of patients achieved SVR12; 75% (15/20) in Group A1 and 100% in groups A2 and B. Patients who did not achieve SVR12 (n=5) experienced viral relapse during the first 32 days following treatment and were all prior Peg‐IFN/RBV null responders. The most commonly reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were asymptomatic lipase increase (14%), pruritus (14%), headache (13%) and hyperbilirubinaemia (11%). No patients discontinued due to TEAEs. In conclusion, simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks achieved a 100% SVR rate in HCV genotype 4‐infected patients with or without compensated cirrhosis (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02278419). The AE and laboratory profile were favourable and consistent with previous data for simeprevir plus sofosbuvir in eight‐ and 12‐week regimens.
Higher incidence of HCV in females compared to males who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Esmaeili A. , Mirzazadeh A. , Carter G. M. , Esmaeili A. , Hajarizadeh B. , Sacks H. S. , Page K. A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWomen who inject drugs have been shown to have higher incidence of HIV and risk behaviours than men, but there are conflicting reports about hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine the female‐to‐male (F:M) HCV incidence in female and male persons who inject drugs (PWID), and also to explore the heterogeneity (i.e. methodological diversity) in these differences. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies published between 1989 and March 2015 for research that reported incidence of HCV infection by sex or HCV incidence F:M rate ratio. A total of 28 studies, which enrolled 9325 PWID, were included. The overall pooled HCV incidence rate (per 100 person‐years observation) was 20.36 (95% CI: 13.86, 29.90) and 15.20 (95% CI: 10.52, 21.97) in females and males, respectively. F:M ratio was 1.36:1 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.64) with substantial heterogeneity (I‐squared=71.6%). The F:M ratio varied by geographic location from 4.0 (95% CI: 1.80, 8.89) in China to 1.17 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.43) in the U.S. In studies which recruited participants from community settings, the F:M ratio was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.48), which was lower than that reported in the clinical settings (1.72, 95% CI: 0.86, 3.45). The number of studies included provided sufficient statistical power to detect sex differences in this analysis. Our findings raise questions and concerns regarding sex differences with respect to the risk of HCV. Both behavioural and biological studies are needed to investigate causes and potential mechanisms as well as sex‐specific prevention approaches to HCV infection.
Potential Primary Endpoint for Exploratory Clinical Trial in Patients with Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: IINO Shingo , KANEKO Masayuki , NARUKAWA Mamoru 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo identify a potential primary endpoint in an early‐phase exploratory trial among key overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.MethodsPlacebo‐controlled double‐blinding trials in patients with OAB were extracted for systematic literature review. The correlation between key OAB symptoms recorded in bladder diaries and coefficient of variation (CV) in each study were assessed.ResultsForty‐one controlled trials were extracted for the present review. Mean number of urgency episodes in 24 h was substantially associated with mean number of urgency incontinence episodes in 24 h, mean volume voided per micturition, and mean number of micturitions in 24 h (Spearman's r = 0.725, −0.661, and 0.657, respectively). Mean number of micturitions in 24 h was also substantially associated with mean volume voided per micturition (Spearman's r = −0.674). Mean number of incontinence episodes in 24 h was substantially associated with mean number of urgency incontinence episodes in 24 h and mean volume voided per micturition (Spearman's r = 0.840 and −0.628, respectively). The median CV of mean volume voided per micturition in each trial was the smallest among all endpoints.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that volume voided per micturition is a useful symptom for evaluating OAB candidate compounds in a small sample size and represents an effective primary endpoint, especially in exploratory clinical trials.
Flea species infesting dogs in Spain: updated spatial and seasonal distribution patterns
Authors: GÁLVEZ R. , MONTOYA A. , CHECA R. , MARTÍN O. , MARINO V. , MIRÓ G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis entomological survey examines the spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of flea species infesting dogs in Spain. Bioclimatic zones covering broad climate and vegetation ranges were surveyed according to size. In a cross‐sectional spatial survey carried out from late May 2013 to mid‐July 2015, 1084 dogs from 42 different locations were examined. A total of 3032 fleas were collected and identified as belonging to the following species: Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (81.7%, 2476 fleas); Ctenocephalides canis (11.4%, 347 fleas); Pulex irritans (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (6.9%, 208 fleas), and Echidnophaga gallinacea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (0.03%, one flea). Variables observed to have effects on flea abundance were animal weight, sex, length of hair and habitat. In the seasonal survey conducted from June 2014 to June 2015, 1014 fleas were collected from 239 dogs at 30 veterinary practices across Spain. Peaks in C. felis abundance were observed in early summer and late autumn, whereas high numbers of P. irritans and C. canis were recorded in autumn. Numbers of fleas detected in winter were low overall. Based on these findings, the present study updates the spatial and seasonal distributions of flea species in Spain and assesses the impacts of host and habitat variables on flea infestation.
“I'm Stuck”: Women's Navigations of Social Networks and Prescription Drug Misuse in Central Appalachia
Authors: Buer Lesly‐Marie , Leukefeld Carl G. , Havens Jennifer R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study utilizes anthropological analyses of kinship, care, gendered inequalities, and the state to examine how social networks affect women's substance use in a rural Appalachian county where the primary drug of choice is prescription opioids. Of 503 participants from a larger study of social networks among rural drug users, 16 women who reported using drugs with four or more other study participants (drug network members) were interviewed from November 2011 to February 2012. The purpose of interviews is to analyze the substance use patterns among participants who are highly connected in their networks. Female participants say they feel “stuck” in cycles of prescription drug misuse because of entrenchment in moral economies, intensive caretaking responsibilities, and violence from those in their networks. Although women demonstrate agency in their navigations of drug use, relationships, and economic and health inequalities, the factors that constrain women's actions culminate to create barriers for women accessing substance abuse treatment or decreasing substance use outside of treatment. This study adds to understandings of the relational and situational aspects of women's drug use and efforts to decrease use. Recognizing these aspects of women's lives will aid policies and programs in becoming more relevant to substance abusing women.
Apocalyptic Diversity, Demonic Anthropology, and the Evangelical Ēthnos: Modes of Imagining Difference among American Charismatic Evangelicals
Authors: Bialecki Jon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHow do American Charismatic Evangelicals imagine human difference? Ethnographic fieldwork with the Vineyard, a Southern California originated but now nation‐wide Charismatic Evangelical movement, suggests that for many lay American Charismatic Evangelicals, difference is conceptualized in three different modes, involving potentialities, relations, and boundedness. Much like a grammar shapes communication without imposing a single meaning, these forms of conceiving human difference mandate no single intrinsic political position, but do affect the way that American Charismatic evangelicals express and contest notions of human difference.