bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Star Formation History of Damped Lyman-Alpha Systems
Authors: Wolfe Arthur M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe C II* technique for measuring star formation rates (SFRs) in damped Lya systems (DLAs) is described. We measure cooling rates of the gas from the strength of C II* 1335.7 absorption lines, and infer heating rates by assuming the gas is heated by the grain photoelectric mechanism. Since the heating rates depend on the intensity of FUV radiation, we deduce the SFRs per unit area, which are comparable to the value in the Milky Way disk. From DLA statistics we obtain the SFRs per unit comoving volume at z=[1.6,4.5], which are similar to the rates in Lyman Break Galaxies. Implications such as the presence of a two-phase medium, metal production, and feedback processes are described. The model is tested and found to be consistent with observations.
The First Results from “Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS)” Mission
Authors: Jain Rajmal , Dave Hemant , Sreekumar P. , Shah A. B. , Vadher N. M. , Manian K. S. B. , Ubale G. P. , Shah V. M. , Shah K. J. , Kayasth S. L. , Patel V. D. , Kumar Sumit , Deshpande M. R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract“Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS)” mission on-board GSAT-2 Indian spacecraft was launched on 08 May 2003 by GSLV-D2 and deployed in geostationery orbit to study the X-ray emission from solar flares with high spectral and temporal resolution. The SOXS consists of two independent payloads viz. SOXS Low Energy Detector (SLD) payload, and SOXS High Energy Detector (SHD) payload. The SLD consists of two solid state detectors Si PIN and CZT, which cover the energy range from 4-60 keV, while the SHD has NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) sandwiched phoswich detector that covers energy range from 20 keV to 10 MeV. We present very briefly the science objectives and instrumentation of SLD payload. After the successful In-orbit Tests (IOT), the first light was fed into SLD payload on 08 June 2003 when the solar flare was already in progress. We briefly present the first results from the SLD payload.
New Results on X-ray Models and Atomic Data
Authors: Kaastra Jelle S. , Mewe Rolf , Raassen Ton 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe discuss the most recent developments of the spectral analysis package SPEX. We report on the progress made in updating the atomic data that are used in the spectroscopic code. We also present a set of spectral models that are used for the analysis of high-resolution X-ray spectra of photo-ionized plasmas such as occur in active galactic nuclei. These models include absorption line spectroscopy of photoionized layers. The importance and diagnostic power of inner-shell transitions is shown. We illustrate our results with several examples of observed spectra obtained with the XMM-Newton and Chandra grating spectrometers.
Spectral Modeling with APEC
Authors: Brickhouse Nancy S. , Smith Randall K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Astrophysical Plasma Emission Code (APEC) collaboration now provides public models for X-ray spectra of collisional equilibrium plasmas. These models facilitate the diagnosis of temperature, density, elemental abundance, charge state, and optical depth. We report benchmarking studies of the APEC models from the Emission Line Project, a project to test these models using high quality stellar coronal spectra. We discuss the implications of the benchmarked atomic data for non-equilibrium collisional models as well. Finally, we discuss the extension of APEC to other applications, such as opacity models for AGN.
Central Regions of AGNs Probed by the Neutral Hydrogen
Authors: Morganti Raffaella 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe physical and kinematical conditions of the gas surrounding an active galactic nucleus (AGN) offer key diagnostics for understanding the processes occurring in the inner few kpc around the nucleus. Neutral hydrogen can give important insights on these regions. Apart from probing the presence of gas in relatively settled conditions (i.e. circumnuclear disks/tori) it can also trace the presence of extreme outflows. Some examples of these phenomena are briefly presented.
High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy: Is It Interesting? Is It Possible?
Authors: Cash Webster 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe diffraction grating spectra from Chandra and XMM-Newton have given the astronomical community a huge step forward in x-ray spectroscopy of celestial sources. They have proven the scientific richness of the field. But the spectra have resolution of only 300 to 1000 – low by the standards of the visible and the ultraviolet. We discuss some of the exciting new science that can be addressed if spectral resolution of up to 10,000 (or more) can be achieved in the x-ray. We then show how practical, high efficiency, high resolution x-ray spectrographs can be built for high throughput missions like Constellation-X and XEUS.
Chemistry of Diffuse Clouds and Circumstellar Envelopes
Authors: Lucas Robert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present and review recent millimeter-wave observations with interferometers, in particular, with the Plateau de Bure interferometer, that stress the importance of high-frequency resolution for studying the chemistry of diffuse interstellar clouds and of post main-sequence circumstellar envelopes. The future impact of new instruments, such as the Atacama Large Millimeter and submillimeter Array (ALMA), is also investigated.
Spectral-Line Surveys at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths: Impact of Spectral Resolution
Authors: Ziurys L. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMillimeter and submillimeter astronomy has achieved very high spectral resolution (λ/Δλ ≥ 106-107) over the past 20 years. Broad-band spectral-line surveys at these wavelengths have only taken partial advantage of these capabilities. Such surveys could be more effective with an increase in spectral resolution, accompanied by improvement in the stability and bandwidth of spectrometers and the employment of single-sideband detectors.
Deep Searches for High Redshift Molecular Absorption
Authors: Curran S. J. , Webb J. K. , Murphy M. T. , Kuno N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMillimetre-band scans of the frequency space towards optically dim quasars is potentially a highly efficient method for detecting new high red-shift molecular absorption systems. Here we describe scans towards 7 quasars over wide bandwidths (up to 23 GHz) with sensitivity limits sufficient to detect the 4 redshifted absorbers already known. With wider frequency bands, highly efficient searches of large numbers of possibly obscured objects will yield many new molecular absorbers.
CO J = 7 → 6 Emission in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Kim Sungeun , Walsh Wilfred , Xiao Kecheng , Lane Adair P. , Stark Antony A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present the first detection of 12CO (J = 7 → 6) emission in the Magellanic Clouds toward the 30 Doradus region using the Antarctic Sub-millimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO).
A Gas and Dust Rich Giant Elliptical Galaxy
Authors: Krause O. , Lisenfeld U. , Klaas U. , Lemke D. , Haas M. , Stickel M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe bolometric luminosity of LFIR = 2×1012 L⊙ makes ISOSS J 15079+7247 one of the most luminous and unusual galaxies detected by the 170 μm ISOPHOT Serendipity Survey (ISOSS). The detection of CO (1-0) emission identifies a giant elliptical galaxy at redshift z = 0.2136 as the counterpart of the FIR source. The derived high gas mass of 3 × 1010 M⊙ favours the picture that the dust emission is associated with this elliptical galaxy. The ultraluminous IR emission can be explained by a hidden starburst in the center of the elliptical. This is supported by the strength of non-thermal radio continuum emission. The huge dust mass of 5×108 M⊙ corresponds to a visual extinction of AV ~ 1000 mag, being consistent with the non-detection of any signatures of a strong starburst in ISOSS J 15079+7247 in optical spectra.
The Abundant Irregular Satellites of the Giant Planets
Authors: Sheppard Scott S. , Jewitt David C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIrregular satellites have eccentric orbits that can be highly inclined or even retrograde relative to the equatorial planes of their planets. These objects cannot have formed by circumplanetary accretion as did the regular satellites which follow un-inclined, nearly circular, pro-grade orbits. Instead, they are likely products of early capture from heliocentric orbit. The study of the irregular satellites provides a unique window on processes operating in the young solar system. Recent discoveries around Jupiter (45 new satellites), Saturn (13), Uranus (9), and Neptune (5) have almost increased the number of known irregular satellites by a factor of ten and suggest that the gas and ice giant planets all have fairly similar irregular satellite systems. Dynamical groupings were most likely produced by collisional shattering of precursor objects after capture by their planets. Jupiter is considered as a case of special interest. Its proximity allows us to probe the fainter, smaller irregular satellites to obtain large population statistics in order to address the questions of planet formation and capture.
Antarctic Cosmic Ray Astronomy
Authors: Duldig Marc 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCosmic ray observations related to Antarctica commenced in the austral summer of 1947-48 from sub-Antarctic Heard and Macquarie Islands and from the HMAS Wyatt Earp. Muon telescope observations from Mawson station, Antarctica, followed from 1955. The International Geophysical Year was the impetus for the installation of a number of neutron monitors around Antarctica, observing the lowest energy cosmic rays accessible by ground based instruments. In 1971 a new observatory was built at Mawson including the only underground muon telescope system at polar latitudes in either hemisphere. Over more than half a century, cosmic ray astronomy has been undertaken from Antarctica and its surrounding regions and these observations have been critical to our growing understanding of the heliosphere.
Beyond Dome C
Authors: Storey J.W.V. , Ashley M.C.B. , Burton M.G. , Lawrence J.S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA well-focused research program over the past decade has shown that the South Pole has many remarkable characteristics that are particularly favorable for astronomy. These include the very cold, dry atmosphere and the vanishingly small free-air turbulence. Dome C, site of the new French/Italian station Concordia, has all of these attributes plus the added advantage of very low ground-level wind speeds. Higher on the plateau, locations such as the 4200 m high Dome A may well represent the ultimate ground based astronomical observing sites.
Addressing Confusion in Double Star Nomenclature: The Washington Multiplicity Catalog
Authors: Hartkopf William I. , Mason Brian D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) project is an effort to address the often conflicting nomenclature schemes used by astronomers in different fields of double and multiple star research, by compiling a catalog of all known binary and multiple systems, then assigning a consistent (insofar as possible) component designation to each component. Components are treated in the same manner whether stellar or sub-stellar (e.g., brown dwarf, exosolar planet) in nature. This effort was begun shortly before the 2000 IAU General Assembly in Manchester, UK. A sample version of the planned catalog was presented at IAU Colloquium 191, held in Mérida, México in February 2003, and a modified version of this sample will be presented at the July 2003 GA in Sydney, Australia. Finally, if the nomenclature and catalog format are agreed upon, a full-sky version of the catalog will be created in time for the 2006 GA in Prague.
Explaining medical disputes in Chinese public hospitals: the doctor–patient relationship and its implications for health policy reforms
Authors: He Alex Jingwei , Qian Jiwei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn recent years China has witnessed a surge in medical disputes, including many widely reported violent riots, attacks, and protests in hospitals. This is the result of a confluence of inappropriate incentives in the health system, the consequent distorted behaviors of physicians, mounting social distrust of the medical profession, and institutional failures of the legal framework. The detrimental effects of the damaged doctor–patient relationship have begun to emerge, calling for rigorous study and serious policy intervention. Using a sequential exploratory design, this article seeks to explain medical disputes in Chinese public hospitals with primary data collected from Shenzhen City. The analysis finds that medical disputes of various forms are disturbingly widespread and reveals that inappropriate internal incentives in hospitals and the heavy workload of physicians undermine the quality of clinical encounters, which easily triggers disputes. Empirically, a heavy workload is associated with a larger number of disputes. A greater number of disputes are associated with higher-level hospitals, which can afford larger financial settlements. The resolution of disputes via the legal channel appears to be unpopular. This article argues that restoring a healthy doctor–patient relationship is no less important than other institutional aspects of health care reform.
Stigma towards people with mental disorders and its components – a perspective from multi-ethnic Singapore
Authors: Subramaniam M. , Abdin E. , Picco L. , Pang S. , Shafie S. , Vaingankar J. A. , Kwok K. W. , Verma K. , Chong S. A. 
Published: March 2016

Aims.The current study aimed to: (i) describe the extent of overall stigma as well as the differences in stigma towards people with alcohol abuse, dementia, depression, schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder, as well as (ii) establish the dimensions of stigma and examine its correlates, in the general population of Singapore, using a vignette approach.Methods.Data for the current study came from a larger nation-wide cross-sectional study of mental health literacy conducted in Singapore. The study population comprised Singapore Residents (Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents) aged 18–65 years who were living in Singapore at the time of the survey. All respondents were administered the Personal and Perceived scales of the Depression Stigma scale and the Social Distance scale to measure personal stigma and social distance, respectively. Weighted mean and standard error of the mean were calculated for continuous variables, and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Exploratory structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to establish the dimensions of stigma. Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to examine factors associated with each of the stigma scale scores.Results.The mean age of the respondents was 40.9 years and gender was equally represented (50.9% were males). The findings from the factor analysis revealed that personal stigma formed two distinct dimensions comprising ‘weak-not-sick’ and ‘dangerous/unpredictable’ while social distance stigma items loaded strongly into a single factor. Those of Malay and Indian ethnicity, lower education, lower income status and those who were administered the depression and alcohol abuse vignette were significantly associated with higher weak-not-sick scores. Those of Indian ethnicity, 6 years of education and below, lower income status and those who were administered the alcohol abuse vignette were significantly associated with higher dangerous/unpredictable scores. Those administered the alcohol abuse vignette were associated with higher social distance scores.Conclusion.This population-wide study found significant stigma towards people with mental illness and identified specific groups who have more stigmatising attitudes. The study also found that having a friend or family member with similar problems was associated with having lower personal as well as social distance stigma. There is a need for well-planned and culturally relevant anti-stigma campaigns in this population that take into consideration the findings of this study.
Parp mutations protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in a PARKIN model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lehmann S , Costa A C , Celardo I , Loh S H Y , Martins L M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential co-factor for cellular energy generation in mitochondria as well as for DNA repair mechanisms in the cell nucleus involving NAD+-consuming poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Mitochondrial function is compromised in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with PARKIN mutations. Here, we uncovered alterations in NAD+salvage metabolism inDrosophila parkinmutants. We show that a dietary supplementation with the NAD+precursor nicotinamide rescues mitochondrial function and is neuroprotective. Further, by mutatingParpinparkinmutants, we show that this increases levels of NAD+and its salvage metabolites. This also rescues mitochondrial function and suppresses dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We conclude that strategies to enhance NAD+levels by administration of dietary precursors or the inhibition of NAD+-dependent enzymes, such as PARP, that compete with mitochondria for NAD+could be used to delay neuronal death associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Tuning the photo-response in monolayer MoS2 by plasmonic nano-antenna
Authors: Li Jiu , Ji Qingqing , Chu Saisai , Zhang Yanfeng , Li Yan , Gong Qihuang , Liu Kaihui , Shi Kebin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMonolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has recently attracted intense interests due to its remarkable optical properties of valley-selected optical response, strong nonlinear wave mixing and photocurrent/photovoltaic generation and many corresponding potential applications. However, the nature of atomic-thin thickness of monolayer MoS2 leads to inefficient light-matter interactions and thereby hinders its optoelectronic applications. Here we report on the enhanced and controllable photo-response in MoS2 by utilizing surface plasmonic resonance based on metallic nano-antenna with characteristic lateral size of 40 × 80 nm. Our nano-antenna is designed to have one plasmonic resonance in the visible range and can enhance the MoS2 photoluminescence intensity up to 10 folds. The intensity enhancement can be effectively tuned simply by the manipulation of incident light polarization. In addition, we can also control the oscillator strength ratio between exciton and trion states by controlling polarization dependent hot carrier doping in MoS2. Our results demonstrate the possibility in controlling the photo-response in broad two-dimensional materials by well-designed nano-antenna and facilitate its coming optoelectronic applications.
Genome-wide significant results identified for plasma apolipoprotein H levels in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Mather Karen A. , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Oldmeadow Christopher , Song Fei , Armstrong Nicola J. , Poljak Anne , Holliday Elizabeth G. , McEvoy Mark , Kwok John B. , Assareh Amelia A. , Reppermund Simone , Kochan Nicole A. , Lee Teresa , Ames David , Wright Margaret J. , Trollor Julian N. , Schofield Peter W. , Brodaty Henry , Scott Rodney J. , Schofield Peter R. , Attia John R. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractApolipoprotein H (ApoH) is a multi-functional plasma glycoprotein that has been associated with negative health outcomes. ApoH levels have high heritability. We undertook a genome-wide association study of ApoH levels using the largest sample to date and replicated the results in an independent cohort (total N = 1,255). In the discovery phase, a meta-analysis of two cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (Sydney MAS) and the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) (n = 942) revealed genome-wide significant results in or near the APOH gene on chromosome 17 (top SNP, rs7211380, p = 1 × 10−11). The results were replicated in an independent cohort, the Hunter Community Study (p < 0.002) (n = 313). Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) confirmed the association of the chromosomal 17 region with ApoH levels. The set of independent SNPs identified by COJO explained 23% of the variance. The relationships between the top SNPs and cardiovascular/lipid/cognition measures and diabetes were assessed in Sydney MAS, with suggestive results observed for diabetes and cognitive performance. However, replication of these results in the smaller OATS cohort was not found. This work provides impetus for future research to better understand the contribution of genetics to ApoH levels and its possible impacts on health.
‘Crystal Genes’ in Metallic Liquids and Glasses
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhang Feng , Ye Zhuo , Zhang Yue , Fang Xiaowei , Ding Zejun , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Mendelev Mikhail I. , Ott Ryan T. , Kramer Matthew J. , Ho Kai-Ming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe analyze the underlying structural order that transcends liquid, glass and crystalline states in metallic systems. A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the most common energetically favorable packing motifs in crystalline structures. These motifs are in turn compared to the observed packing motifs in the actual liquid or glass structures using a cluster-alignment method. Using this method, we have revealed the nature of the short-range order in Cu64Zr36 glasses. More importantly, we identified a novel structural order in the Al90Sm10 system. In addition, our approach brings new insight into understanding the origin of vitrification and describing mesoscopic order-disorder transitions in condensed matter systems.
Effects of conformational ordering on protein/polyelectrolyte electrostatic complexation: ionic binding and chain stiffening
Authors: Cao Yiping , Fang Yapeng , Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Phillips Glyn O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoupling of electrostatic complexation with conformational transition is rather general in protein/polyelectrolyte interaction and has important implications in many biological processes and practical applications. This work studied the electrostatic complexation between κ-carrageenan (κ-car) and type B gelatin and analyzed the effects of the conformational ordering of κ-car induced upon cooling in the presence of potassium chloride (KCl) or tetramethylammonium iodide (Me4NI). Experimental results showed that the effects of conformational ordering on protein/polyelectrolyte electrostatic complexation can be decomposed into ionic binding and chain stiffening. At the initial stage of conformational ordering, electrostatic complexation can be either suppressed or enhanced due to the ionic bindings of K+ and I− ions, which significantly alter the charge density of κ-car or occupy the binding sites of gelatin. Beyond a certain stage of conformational ordering, i.e., helix content θ > 0.30, the effect of chain stiffening, accompanied with a rapid increase in helix length ζ, becomes dominant and tends to dissociate the electrostatic complexation. The effect of chain stiffening can be theoretically interpreted in terms of double helix association.