bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incident Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Men and Women Veterans After Return From Deployment
Authors: Haskell Sally G. , Brandt Cynthia , Burg Matthew , Bastian Lori , Driscoll Mary , Goulet Joseph , Mattocks Kristin , Dziura James 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Stressors associated with military service and reintegration may impact psychologic well-being and behaviors that result in increased incidence rates for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.

Objective:
Using electronic health record data from the Veterans Health Administration we sought to measure the incidence of newly diagnosed CV risk factors and how these incident risks were moderated by race and mental health conditions.

Design:
A cohort study including Veterans whose end of last deployment was between October 1, 2001 and July 31, 2014.

Subjects:
A total of 267,305 Operations Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, and New Dawn Veterans were present.

Main Outcome Measures:
Incident risk factors (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, or coronary artery disease), identified through new International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes or measurement recordings at primary care visits.

Results:
The rate of developing at least 1 risk factor or coronary artery disease was 240 and 151 per 1000 person-years in men and women, respectively. Except for obesity, women were significantly less likely to develop any other CV risk factor compared with men (Crude hazard ratios ranging from 0.44 to 0.82). The impact of sex on hypertension (P<0.001) and obesity (P<0.001) was modified by race and the impact of sex on the combined event of any risk factor (P=0.007) and obesity (P<0.001) was modified by depression.

Conclusions:
Compared with men, women Veterans were more likely to become obese after return from deployment, but less likely to develop any other risk . For black women, the protective effect of female sex on the combined event (any risk factor), and hypertension was lessened compared with white women. The increased risk of obesity for women was greater in black women, and those with depression.
Leaving the nest: anticipatory guidance for the college-bound youth
Authors: Sidhu Sharnendra , Adesman Andrew 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
The number of students enrolling in college is on the rise; however, the number of students dropping out is increasing as well. Given that the transition to attending college poses challenges with independent academic functioning, social adjustment, health behaviors, and lifestyle choices, the purpose of this review is to describe some of the issues that these students will encounter so that pediatricians can help teens who are going to college successfully transition to their new academic, social, and living environment.

Recent findings
Students who have the opportunity to go to college must successfully balance their scholastic commitments and their personal development outside the classroom. Their newfound independence poses several other challenges – obtaining adequate sleep, proper nutrition, and regular exercise as well as risks related to alcohol use, drug use, and sexual activity.

Summary
Pediatricians can play an important role by counseling college-bound teens about these common issues, perils and pitfalls. With anticipatory counseling focused on these concerns, pediatricians can help foster the personal growth and social/intellectual development of teenagers to better prepare them for success in college and then later in life.
Advances in pharmacotherapies for movement disorders in children: current limitations and future progress
Authors: Lin Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
In childhood, movement disorders are generated by a very large number of disorders of the nervous system, and the very different developmental ages at which these occur make studies of pharmacotherapy efficacy extremely difficult. In most clinical practices, medication used in management is by trial and error, and limited by lack of efficacy and/or adverse drug reactions leading to drug intolerance. Nevertheless, symptom reduction using polypharmacy must be balanced against any accompanying comorbidities such as poor attention and concentration, constipation, ileus, urinary retention, blurred vision sedation and respiratory depression.

Recent findings
A ‘personalised medicine’ approach may lead to specific management breakthroughs that are beneficial to a wider number of children. At present, neuromodulation with implantable devices offers greater proven efficacy for dystonia, myoclonus and dystonic-choreoathetosis, but enteral, intravenous and, more recently, transdermal medication strategies with clonidine patches and enteral gabapentin may provide important relief for both home management and critical care settings.

Summary
The current review brings the clinician up-to-date with the latest, albeit limited, thinking on the pharmacological management of movement disorders in children by focussing on goal-directed outcome measures to improve clinical decision-making in an evidence-light clinical setting.
Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Citrulline as Markers of Gut Injury and Prognosis in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Goswami Pooja , Sonika Ujjwal , Moka Praneeth , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Saraya Anoop 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with high mortality due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the early phase and secondary infection in the later phase. Concomitant intestinal ischemia often results in gut injury. We studied intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) and citrulline levels as markers of gut injury to predict prognosis in AP.

Methods
Acute pancreatitis patients at admission and controls were studied. Serum IFABP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plasma citrulline by high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Ultrastructural changes in duodenal biopsy were also compared between the 2 groups.

Results
The IFABP concentration was significantly higher in AP cases (n = 94) compared with controls (n = 100) (mean [standard deviation], 592.5 [753.6] vs 87.8 [67.6] pg/mL; P < 0.001) and in patients with severe AP versus mild AP (738.3 [955.3] vs 404.0 [263.3] pg/ mL, P = 0.03). Citrulline concentration was lower in AP versus controls (29.9 [33.8] vs 83.9 [60.1] μg/L, P < 0.001). We propose a model by which these biomarkers (IFABP >350 pg/mL and citrulline <18 μg/L) are able to predict poor prognosis in 33.9% of patients with AP. The gut injury was also validated via ultrastructural changes.

Conclusions
Intestinal fatty acid binding protein is a promising prognostic marker in acute pancreatitis.
Effects of ω-3 Fatty Acids on Toll-like Receptor 4 and Nuclear Factor κB p56 in the Pancreas of Rats With Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Xiao-Bing , Jin Xin-Xin , Wu Xiao-Wei , Li Min-Li , Guo Mei-Xia , Zhang Xiao-Hua 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs) on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB p56 (NF-κBp56) signaling pathway in the pancreas of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Methods
Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control, SAP-saline, SAP–soybean oil, and SAP–ω-FA groups. Severe acute pancreatitis was induced by the retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in the pancreas was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in the pancreas were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results
Toll-like receptor 4, NF-κBp56, and inflammatory cytokine expression in the pancreas was increased significantly in the SAP group compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased in the ω-3FA group compared with that in the soybean oil group at 24 and 48 hours (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that during the initial stage of SAP ω-3FAs could efficiently lower the inflammatory response by activating the TLR4/NF-κBp56 signaling pathway.
Concurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Attar Bashar M. , Hinami Keiki , Jaiswal Palashkumar , Yap John Erikson , Jaiswal Radhika , Devani Kalpit , Simons-Linares Carlos Roberto , Demetria Melchor V. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
Concurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is highly prevalent in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HP). Diabetic ketoacidosis could potentially complicate the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of HP. This study aimed to directly compare the clinical course of HP with and without DKA and assess the outcomes of frequently used severity-prediction scores in such population.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 140 patients with HP; 37 patients (26.4%) had concurrent DKA. We compared epidemiologic characteristics, initial laboratory values, and clinical courses between the DKA and non-DKA groups. Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Ranson criteria, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Marshall score were calculated and compared between groups.

Results
We observed more acute kidney injury in the DKA group. Patients with DKA more likely required intensive care unit admission, received intravenous insulin, and were discharged on subcutaneous insulin. Ranson criteria and APACHE II score were significantly higher with DKA.

Conclusions
Concurrent DKA does not affect length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and readmission rate in patients with HP. Higher Ranson criteria and APACHE II score likely reflected derangement of clinical parameters secondary to DKA rather than true severity of pancreatitis in such population.
Effects of Ghrelin miRNA on Inflammation and Calcium Pathway in Pancreatic Acinar Cells of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Tang Xiping , Tang Guodu , Liang Zhihai , Qin Mengbin , Fang Chunyun , Zhang Luyi 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
The study investigated the effects of endogenous targeted inhibition of ghrelin gene on inflammation and calcium pathway in an in vitro pancreatic acinar cell model of acute pancreatitis.

Methods
Lentiviral expression vector against ghrelin gene was constructed and transfected into AR42J cells. The mRNA and protein expression of each gene were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was determined by calcium fluorescence mark probe combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Results
Compared with the control group, cerulein could upregulate mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory factors, calcium pathway, ghrelin, and [Ca2+]i. mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory factors increased significantly in cells transfected with ghrelin miRNA compared with the other groups. Intracellular calcium and expression of some calcium pathway proteins decreased significantly in cells transfected with ghrelin miRNA compared with the other groups.

Conclusions
Targeted inhibition of ghrelin gene in pancreatic acinar cells of acute pancreatitis can upregulate the expression of the intracellular inflammatory factors and alleviate the intracellular calcium overload.
Contributors to Screening Positive for Mental Illness in Lebanon's Shatila Palestinian Refugee Camp
Authors: Segal Steven P. , Khoury Vicky C. , Salah Ramy , Ghannam Jess 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study evaluates contributors to the mental health status of Palestinians, Syrians, and nonrefugee residents of Lebanon's Shatila Refugee Camp. Primary health care clinic patients in Shatila were screened for mental illness between 2012 and 2013 using the K6, the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the Modified Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Logistic regressions enabled the consideration of potential contributors to participants' positive mental illness screens. The sample (n = 254) included 63.4% Palestinians, 18.5% Syrians, and 18.1% nonrefugees. People lived in the camp for 21.1 years (±17), 63% had stable housing and 78% had war event exposure. Mental illness prevalence was 51.6% in total (34.8% serious mental illness [SMI] alone, 5.1% PTSD alone, 11.4% comorbid SMI/PTSD, and 0.08% comorbid psychotic spectrum disorder SMI/PTSD). For Palestinians and nonrefugees, respectively, stable housing accounted for a 79% and a 98% reduction in positive SMI screen risk. For Syrians, access to paid employment accounted for a 66% risk reduction. Stable living situations and economically productive employment for those trapped in a refugee situation, even in the face of war trauma, seem most important for ensuring reduced mental disorder risk.
Evaluation of the C-MAC Miller Video Laryngoscope Sizes 0 and 1 During Tracheal Intubation of Infants Less Than 10 kg
Authors: Raimann Florian J. , Cuca Colleen E. , Kern Detlev , Zacharowski Kai , Rolle Udo , Meininger Dirk , Weber Christian F. , Byhahn Christian , Mutlak Haitham 
Published: October 2017

Study Objective
Video laryngoscopy has primarily been developed to assist in difficult airways. Using video laryngoscopy in pediatric airway management is an up-and-coming topic. The aim of the presented study was to compare the intubation conditions obtained when using the C-MAC video laryngoscope with Miller blades sizes 0 and 1 for standard direct laryngoscopy and indirect laryngoscopy in children weighing less than 10 kg.

Design
This was a prospective study.

Setting
The study was performed in a university hospital.

Patients
Following ethical approval, 86 infants weighing less than 10 kg and undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were studied prospectively.

Intervention
Indirect and direct laryngoscopy either with C-MAC Miller blade size 0 or size 1.

Measurements
First, direct laryngoscopy was performed, and the best obtained view was graded without looking at the video monitor. A second investigator blinded to the view obtained under direct laryngoscopy graded the laryngeal view on the video monitor. Time to intubation, intubation conditions, and intubation attempts were recorded.

Results
In infants less than 10 kg, intubation conditions were excellent. There were no significant differences between the use of Miller blade 0 or 1 in reference to Cormack-Lehane grade, time to intubation, time to best view, or intubation attempts. Comparing direct and indirect intubation conditions using either Miller blade 0 or 1 revealed that the use of indirect laryngoscopy provided a significantly better view (P < 0.05) of the vocal cords. In 3 infants weighing more than 8 kg, the Miller blade 0 was described as too short and narrow for intubation.

Conclusions
Both devices allowed for an excellent visualization of the vocal cords.
Urgent Care Transfers to an Academic Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: McCarthy Jennifer L. , Clingenpeel Joel M. , Perkins Amy M. , Eason Margaret K. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that a significant percentage of urgent care center to pediatric ED transfers can be discharged home without emergency department (ED) resource utilization.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was completed for a 6-month period on all patients transferred from urgent care centers. A data collection tool focusing on demographics, diagnoses, reason for transfer, ED resource utilization, ED disposition, and 72-hour ED return was used. Each encounter was classified as “urgent” or “nonurgent” based on resource utilization criteria. Descriptive statistics were reported for demographics, encounter data, and 72-hour ED return stratified by nonurgent versus urgent classification. Two-sample t, χ2, and Fisher exact tests were used to assess differences in characteristics between the nonurgent and urgent groups.

Results
One hundred nine patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 93 (85%) were discharged from the ED. Twenty nine (27%) of the transferred patients were discharged without ED resource utilization. Seventy-two–hour return was noted for only 1 patient who was again discharged at the subsequent encounter.

Conclusions
A large proportion of patients transferred from urgent care centers were directly discharged from the ED without any ED resource utilization. Eliminating or reducing such transfers has the potential to limit the amount of nonurgent ED visits, thus producing cost savings and better patient care.
Switch From Originator to Equivalent Drug in the Era of Generic Antiepileptic Drugs: Study of Keppra Versus Epitiram Clinical Equivalence
Authors: Fanella Martina , Morano Alessandra , Fattouch Jinane , Albini Mariarita , Basili Luca M. , Casciato Sara , Manfredi Mario , Giallonardo Anna T. , Di Bonaventura Carlo 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesGeneric antiepileptic drugs represent a measure to maximize cost saving. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of most commonly used and effective antiepileptic drugs. The objective of our work was to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of overnight switch from monotherapy with Keppra (original drug) to epitiram (generic drug) at the same dose.MethodsIn our observational study, we consecutively enrolled 37 seizure-free patients with epilepsy who expressed the wish to switch to a generic drug for economic reasons. During the 6-month evaluation period, we assessed treatment efficacy, tolerability, compliance, and intersubject variability of LEV serum concentration. At each visit, clinical and neurological examination, scales, video-electroencephalogram, and blood sample analysis to evaluate LEV plasma level were performed.ResultsA total of 36 of 37 enrolled patients switched from Keppra to epitiram, which was administered at the same dose in monotherapy. Three of 36 patients dropped out during follow-up for adverse events. The other 33 subjects had neither seizures nor adverse events. No significant differences in electroencephalogram features and scale scores were revealed; the intersubject variability of LEV serum concentration did not differ significantly at follow-up evaluation (P= 0.53). All the patients expressed good clinical personal impression and continued to take epitiram. The switchback rate was 8 %.ConclusionsThe switch from Keppra to epitiram was easy and safe in our population, and epitiram can be considered as effective and tolerable as Keppra. Only a slight, non–statistically significant variability in LEV serum concentration was documented after the switch from Keppra to epitiram. Larger epileptic populations should be studied to confirm these results.
Weak value controversy
Authors: Vaidman L. 
Published: October 2017

Recent controversy regarding the meaning and usefulness of weak values is reviewed. It is argued that in spite of recent statistical arguments by Ferrie and Combes, experiments with anomalous weak values provide useful amplification techniques for precision measurements of small effects in many realistic situations. The statistical nature of weak values is questioned. Although measuring weak values requires an ensemble, it is argued that the weak value, similarly to an eigenvalue, is a property of a single pre- and post-selected quantum system.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Second quantum revolution: foundational questions’.
Note on transmitted complexity for quantum dynamical systems
Authors: Watanabe Noboru , Muto Masahiro 
Published: October 2017

Transmitted complexity (mutual entropy) is one of the important measures for quantum information theory developed recently in several ways. We will review the fundamental concepts of the Kossakowski, Ohya and Watanabe entropy and define a transmitted complexity for quantum dynamical systems.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Second quantum revolution: foundational questions’.
Genetic load and mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations
Authors: Zhang Yuezheng , Li Yawei , Shen Xu , Zhu Tianqi , Tao Yong , Li Tao , Li Xueying , Wang Di , Ma Qin , Hu Zheng , Liu Jialin , Zheng Caihong , Ruan Jue , Cai Jun , Wu Chung-I , Wang Hurng-Yi , Lu Xuemei 
Published: October 2017

ABSRACTLarge and non-recombining genomes are prone to accumulating deleterious mutations faster than natural selection can purge (Muller’s ratchet). A possible consequence would then be the extinction of small populations. Relative to most single-cell organisms, cancer cells, with large and non-recombining genomes, could be particularly susceptible to such “mutational meltdown”. Curiously, deleterious mutations in cancer cells are rarely noticed despite the strong signals in cancer genome sequences. Here, by monitoring single-cell clones from HeLa cell lines, we characterize deleterious mutations that retard cell proliferation. The main mutational events are copy number variations (CNVs), which happen at an extraordinarily high rate of 0.29 events per cell division. The average fitness reduction, estimated to be 18% per mutation, is also very high. HeLa cell populations therefore have very substantial genetic load and, at this level, natural population would likely experience mutational meltdown. We suspect that HeLa cell populations may avoid extinction only after the population size becomes large. Because CNVs are common in most cell lines and cancer tissues, the observations hint at cancer cells’ vulnerability, which could be exploited by therapeutic strategies.
A framework for generating interactive reports for cancer genome analysis
Authors: Okada Ai , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Miyano Satoru , Shiraishi Yuichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSummaryWe introduce paplot, the software for generating dynamic reports that are frequently necessary in the post analytical phases of cancer genome studies. The “interactive” nature of the paplot-generated reports enables users to extract much richer information than that obtained from static graphs via most conventional visualization tools.Availability and implementationThe python implementation for paplot (MIT license) is available athttps://github.com/Genomon-Project/paplot. The documentation is athttp://paplot-doc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.Contactyshira@hgc.jp