bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically Altered Natural Fiber Impregnated Soil for Improving Subgrade Strength of Pavements
Authors: Bordoloi Sanandam , Hussain Rojimul , Sen Sagar , Garg Ankit , S Sreedeep 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study explores the possibility of using sustainable materials in the form of natural fibers for reinforcing and improving the subgrade strength of pavements. Natural fibers with suitable biochemical properties were used for subgrade reinforcement in the past. Recently, the use of a waste weed, water hyacinth (WH), has garnered popularity as it can reinforce soil with the added advantage of waste utilization. It is well known that natural fibers have limited life when used in soils due to their degradation with time. For improving the longevity of the fiber and enhancing the mechanical performance of the soil-fiber composite, an effort was made in this study to chemically coat the natural fiber surface with nanoparticles of ferric hydroxide. The chemical coating can alter the short-term, as well as long-term, mechanical and chemical characteristics of WH fiber-impregnated soil, which is not well understood. The primary objective of the current study focuses on the short-term behavior of ferric hydroxide-coated WH fiber-impregnated soil that can be used as pavement subgrade. The effect of the chemical coating on WH fibers was initially analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray tests. The impregnation of nanoparticle on the fiber surface increases surface roughness, coats the porous lumen of the fiber, and increases the tensile strength of the material. A set of tensile strength and moisture absorption tests was done for both untreated and treated WH fiber. The fiber tensile strength of treated fiber (TF) increased by 1.25 times as compared to untreated fiber (UF). The moisture absorption of TF decreased significantly from 580 % for UF to 255 %, indicating that the modified fiber became more hydrophobic. Unconfined compressive strength and direct shear tests were performed to evaluate the improvement in mechanical characteristics of chemically altered randomly distributed fiber-reinforced soil. The increase in cohesion, friction angle, and compressive strength at various compaction states has been discussed for soil reinforced with treated fibers (TF + S), untreated fibers (UF + S), and unreinforced soil (BS). For demonstrating the subgrade performance, soaked and unsoaked California bearing ratio tests were conducted on fiber-reinforced soil. For all the tests conducted on soil combinations (BS, (UF + S), and (TF + S)), the TF-reinforced soil composite performed the best. The results demonstrate the efficacy of using chemically altered natural fiber in increasing the subgrade strength of pavements.
Pseudoneglect in Visual Search: Behavioral Evidence and Connectional Constraints in Simulated Neural Circuitry
Authors: Gigliotta Onofrio , Seidel Malkinson Tal , Miglino Orazio , Bartolomeo Paolo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMost people tend to bisect horizontal lines slightly to the left of their true center (pseudoneglect) and start visual search from left-sided items. This physiological leftward spatial bias may depend on hemispheric asymmetries in the organization of attentional networks, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here, we modeled relevant aspects of the ventral and dorsal attentional networks (VAN and DAN) of the human brain. First, we demonstrated pseudoneglect in visual search in 101 right-handed psychology students. Participants consistently tended to start the task from a left-sided item, thus showing pseudoneglect. Second, we trained populations of simulated neurorobots to perform a similar task, by using a genetic algorithm. The neurorobots’ behavior was controlled by artificial neural networks, which simulated the human VAN and DAN in the two brain hemispheres. Neurorobots differed in the connectional constraints that were applied to the anatomy and function of the attention networks. Results indicated that (1) neurorobots provided with a biologically plausible hemispheric asymmetry of the VAN-DAN connections, as well as with interhemispheric inhibition, displayed the best match with human data; however; (2) anatomical asymmetry per se was not sufficient to generate pseudoneglect; in addition, the VAN must have an excitatory influence on the ipsilateral DAN; and (3) neurorobots provided with bilateral competence in the VAN but without interhemispheric inhibition failed to display pseudoneglect. These findings provide a proof of concept of the causal link between connectional asymmetries and pseudoneglect and specify important biological constraints that result in physiological asymmetries of human behavior.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neuron Excitability Is Regulated by Estradiol Feedback and Kisspeptin
Authors: Adams Caroline , Stroberg Wylie , DeFazio Richard A. , Schnell Santiago , Moenter Suzanne M. 
Published: December 2017

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons produce the central output controlling fertility and are regulated by steroid feedback. A switch from estradiol negative to positive feedback initiates the GnRH surge, ultimately triggering ovulation. This occurs on a daily basis in ovariectomized, estradiol-treated (OVX+E) mice; GnRH neurons are suppressed in the morning and activated in the afternoon. To test the hypotheses that estradiol and time of day signals alter GnRH neuron responsiveness to stimuli, GFP-identified GnRH neurons in brain slices from OVX+E or OVX female mice were recorded during the morning or afternoon. No differences were observed in baseline membrane potential. Current-clamp revealed GnRH neurons fired more action potentials in response to current injection during positive feedback relative to all other groups, which were not different from each other despite reports of differing ionic conductances. Kisspeptin increased GnRH neuron response in cells from OVX and OVX+E mice in the morning but not afternoon. Paradoxically, excitability in kisspeptin knock-out mice was similar to the maximum observed in control mice but was unchanged by time of day or estradiol. A mathematical model applying a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate probability distributions for estradiol- and time of day–dependent parameters was used to predict intrinsic properties underlying excitability changes. A single identifiable distribution of solutions accounted for similar GnRH neuron excitability in all groups other than positive feedback despite different underlying conductance properties; this was attributable to interdependence of voltage-gated potassium channel properties. In contrast, redundant solutions may explain positive feedback, perhaps indicative of the importance of this state for species survival.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInfertility affects 15%–20% of couples; failure to ovulate is a common cause. Understanding how the brain controls ovulation is critical for new developments in both infertility treatment and contraception. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the final common pathway for central neural control of ovulation. We studied how estradiol feedback regulates GnRH excitability, a key determinant of neural firing rate using laboratory and computational approaches. GnRH excitability is upregulated during positive feedback, perhaps driving increased neural firing rate at this time. Kisspeptin increased GnRH excitability and was essential for estradiol regulation of excitability. Modeling predicts that multiple combinations of changes to GnRH intrinsic conductances can produce the firing response in positive feedback, suggesting the brain has many ways to induce ovulation.
The Age of Rhyme
Authors: Mazel Adam 
Published: December 2017

Adam Mazel, “The Age of Rhyme: The Verse Culture of Victorian Cambridge” (pp. 374–401)
This essay introduces the verse culture of the Victorian-era University of Cambridge. While Cambridge verse covers a range of matters and manners, time is its master-theme and rhyme is its master-scheme. Seemingly sophomoric, Cambridge verse is significant as a case of verse doing social work for its writers and readers: versifying helped distinguish students and alumni as refined, cultivated members of the Victorian elite. In Cambridge verse, the social meanings of versifying condensed above all in the versifier’s facility with form, which implied the versifier’s refinement. For Cambridge men, rhyme play was a form of display, a performance of class.
Un viaje al museo a través de la literatura infantil. Lo coleccionable y nuestra relación con los objetos.
Authors: Rajal Alonso Candela 
Published: December 2017

El concepto de museo ha cambiado mucho en las últimas décadas, es mucho más flexible, didáctico y comunicativo. Tratando de romper con su imagen elitista, se presenta cada vez más como un espacio social donde nos relacionamos con objetos e ideas que interpretamos a través de nuestras propias vivencias. Pero ¿cuál es la imagen de los museos que transmite la literatura infantil? A través de una investigación cualitativa y documental analizaremos diversas publicaciones dirigidas al público más joven e intentaremos entender los museos como experiencias cotidianas y el coleccionismo como una actividad educativa con valor en nuestro desarrollo.
TREND OF ACUTE HEPATITIS A IN THE STATE OF BAHIA, BRAZIL OVER A 5-YEAR PERIOD
Authors: Pereira Felicidade Mota , Almeida Maria Conceição Chagas , Lírio Monique , Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has a universal distribution. The prevalence of HAV infection varies greatly according to hygiene and sanitary conditions.OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of acute infection of HAV in the state of Bahia during a 5-year period. METHODS: This study was conducted at Central Public Health Laboratory of Bahia (LACEN-BA). All individuals referred for anti-HAV IgM serology from 417 municipalities from January, 2009 to December, 2013 were included. Percentages of HAV positive cases were presented according to age range for each year of the 5-year study and for each of the nine health districts (RHC) of Bahia.RESULTS: 21,175 samples were analyzed. Proportion of HAV infection was 7.2% (1,535 / 21,175) throughout the study period. The highest proportion was in 2009 (17.4%) and the lowest in 2012 (3.8%), demonstrating a decreasing trend (r = 0.7). The highest infection rates was found in children up to 10 years old. HAV infection was more frequent among males among all age groups. 52.4% (184/351) of the municipalities had acute HAV cases diagnosed. The North and West regions had the highest number of cases. CONCLUSION: There was a progressive decrease of approximately 70% in the proportion of acute HAV infection in the state of Bahia during a five-year assessment period. However, children up to 10 years old remain at higher risk, therefore the vaccine should be expanded to reach this age range.
Октябрь 1917: идеология революции
Authors: Хорина Галина Петровна 
Published: December 2017

<p>Статья посвящена анализу события столетней давности, которое изменило политическую карту мира, — Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции. Автор<strong> </strong>рассматривает<strong> </strong>причины и духовные основания социалистической революции, опираясь на труды мыслителей, участников и очевидцев тех событий. </p><p>Монархический строй, просуществовавший в России более трех столетий, не сумел ответить на вызовы времени. Слабость и историческую исчерпанность самодержавия показала Русско-японская война, в которой Россия понесла огромные потери, потерпела поражение. Первая русская революция 1905–1907 гг. не ликвидировала самодержавие, практически не решила многие социально-экономические и другие вопросы. В стране не было самолетов, машин, в армии главным средством передвижения был гужевой транспорт; крайне низкой была грамотность населения. Россия как была страной «второго эшелона» капитализма, так и осталась. Эти и другие факторы через десять лет привели к Февральской буржуазно-демократической революции.</p><p>Февральская революция 1917 г., либеральная по своей сути, покончила с самодержавием. Россия на короткое время стала самой свободной и демократической страной в мире, но не сумела решить проблемы земли, войны и мира, национальный вопрос. Временное правительство, которое оказалось у руля государственной власти, в силу различных идеологических взглядов не смогло выработать общие цели и задачи, единую тактику по выводу России из системного кризиса. Оно не имело необходимых полномочий для проведения широких преобразований в стране и поэтому не получило поддержки народа, теряло свою и без того невысокую популярность. В результате это привело к Октябрьской революции, которая изменила вектор социокультурного развития России.</p><p>В силу российской культурной специфики Октябрьская революция была неизбежной. Так считали многие участники тех событий, несмотря на принадлежность к разным идеологическим партиям и организациям. Это был выход из тупика, в котором оказалась Россия. Революция ликвидировала неравенство в потреблении социальных благ, создала люфт социальных возможностей. Она показала всему миру, что не только высшие слои общества, элита способны делать историю, но и творческий порыв народа. Октябрьская революция была «революцией Модерна», благодаря ей Россия превратилось в современное по мировым стандартам государство. </p>
Проекты «улучшения» человека: что об их необходимости и последствиях думает российская молодежь?
Authors: Луков Валерий Андреевич 
Published: December 2017

<p>В статье проекты «улучшения» человека, подходы к проблеме «улучшения человека» показаны в исторической ретроспективе, начиная с шумерского эпоса о Гильгамеше до нашего времени. Примеры показывают хождение от идей человека бессмертного (в мифологии и пр.) до идей воспитания нового человека в эпоху Просвещения и затем в начале советской власти.</p><p>Во второй половине ХХ в. сформировалось новое направление — трансгуманизм, которое по-новому рассматривает перспективы человека, его места и облика в будущем, обсуждается тема постчеловека (его физического совершенства за счет киборгизации, бесполости, искусственного размножения, распределенной индивидуальности, неограниченного долголетия и др.).</p><p>Представлены итоги эмпирического исследования студенческой молодежи России, проведенного в 2016–2017 гг. с участием автора. Выборка составила 733 чел. Было выявлено, что предположение о большей расположенности молодежи к идеям постчеловека нуждается в подтверждении и не во всем ожидаемые результаты совпадают с реальными. Особую роль в этом процессе играет приобретаемая молодежью социальная субъектность. Это обстоятельство изучается при помощи тезаурусной концепции молодежи. Показано, в частности, что оценки российской молодежью перспектив человека путем воздействия медицинских и биотехнологий на его природу основываются не на приобретаемых молодежью профессиональных качествах, а на социокультурных установках данного общества.</p>
Surgical management of facial nerve palsy: our experience
Authors: Gupta Devang P. , Rai Shreya , Dinesh K. S. 
Published: December 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Facial nerve palsy is a challenging task to deal with in patients as it has medical as well as social implications. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of different surgeries for facial palsy according to pathology and the ideal time for surgery. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This prospective study was conducted with the help of a structured proforma for history and examination. Defined diagnostic tests were performed and depending on complexities of cases, different surgical approaches were done. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A total of 50 patients with secondary facial nerve palsies were included in our study and after thorough evaluation surgical management was planned. Ninety two percent were treated with facial nerve decompression, 4% with neurorrhaphy of the nerve and another 4% with cable graft. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">High prevalence of facial nerve palsy in today’s era necessitates early diagnosis and management in order to prevent complications and thereby reducing the risk of permanent disfigurement.</span></p>
O Ensino da Arqueologia Visto dos Bancos da Pós-Graduação
Authors: Caromano Caroline Fernandes , Trindade Thiago Berlanga , Cascon Leandro Matthews 
Published: December 2017

Resumo: este artigo trata do ensino de Arqueologia no Brasil em nível de pós-graduação a partir da visão de estudantes de pós-graduação. Mediante levantamento do perfil dos egressos dos programas de mestrado e doutorado em Arqueologia nos últimos cinco anos e do currículo obrigatório desses cursos, fazemos uma análise crítica sobre a formação dos
arqueólogos no Brasil atualmente.
Palavras-chave: Ensino da Arqueologia. Pós-graduação. Brasil.
A Graduação em Arqueologia da UERJ - Um Curso em Construção
Authors: Seda Paulo 
Published: December 2017

Resumo: o Bacharelado em Arqueologia da UERJ ?? Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro ?? é o mais recente curso de graduação em arqueologia no Brasil, tendo iniciado suas atividades em março de 2014. Neste artigo resumimos o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso, procurando explicitar as razões da criação do Curso, suas características e o que pode diferenciá-lo das demais graduações em arqueologia.
Palavras-chave: Graduação. Ensino da Arqueologia. UERJ.
"Fazer Arqueologia no Mundo Antigo é Fácil. Os Romanos eram Especialistas em Construir Ruínas" - E a Teoria? Onde Está a Teoria no Ensino de Arqueologia?
Authors: Dos Reis José Alberione 
Published: December 2017

Resumo: considerações gerais sobre teoria, teorias e suas relações com o ensino de Arqueologia pelos cursos existentes no Brasil. Foco nos conteúdos programáticos constantes nos programas das disciplinas que trabalham explicitamente com teorias no ensino de Arqueologia
pelos cursos existentes no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Teorias. Arqueologia. Ensino. Graduação. Brasil.
Lâminas Lascadas em Rochas Ígneas de Sítios Aratu do Sudoeste da Bahia: Traceologia e Experimentação
Authors: Fernandes Luydy Abraham , Da Silva Joaquim Perfeito , Nascimento George Da Silva 
Published: December 2017

Resumo: analisamos a tecnologia e marcas traceológicas de 27 lâminas lascadas em granito, diabásio e basalto de dois sítios da Tradição Aratu do Sudoeste da Bahia. O protocolo aplicado é o aperfeiçoamento da abordagem testada em lâminas dessa tradição no Oeste da
Bahia, agora intensificado nos atributos traceológicos. Comparativamente, mostramos os resultados sobre uma lâmina experimental de granito usada na terra. Assim, pormenorizamos a formação dos mesmos estigmas constatados nos artefatos arqueológicos: embotamento, brilho e estrias.
Palavras-chave: Tradição Aratu. Traceologia. Experimentação. Lâminas lascadas. Bahia.
Os Espaços Funerários de um Cemitério Pré-Histórico
Authors: Leite Ledja 
Published: December 2017

Resumo: este estudo apresenta uma análise preliminar sobre a distribuição espacial e as datações obtidas em nove enterramentos encontrados no sítio cemitério Toca da Baixa dos Caboclos, sudeste do Piauí, Brasil. Associando esta distribuição espacial à cronologia e às práticas funerárias observadas nos enterramentos, este trabalho permitiu informações sobre
os modos fúnebres dos grupos culturais que utilizaram o abrigo como um cemitério.
Palavras-chave: Enterramentos pré-históricos. Distribuição espacial. Cronologia.
A Fotografia Arqueológica: entre a Mimese e a Criação
Authors: Hissa Sarah 
Published: December 2017

Resumo: desde meados do século XIX, a arqueologia utiliza a fotografia como método de apreensão, registro e divulgação da materialidade que estuda, incorporando-a de modo essencial ao trabalho arqueológico. Contudo, as questões e ênfases propostas pela disciplina não se
mantiveram estáticas. Apresenta-se breve histórico da “ fotografia arqueológica”, problematizando o conceito da fotografia como mimese e a oposição entre criatividade e registro.
Palavras-chave: Fotografia científica. Pensamento arqueológico. Registro arqueológico.
Nutritional Renaissance and Public Health Policy
Authors: TC Campbell 
Published: December 2017

The science of nutrition has long been entrapped in reductionist interpretation of details, a source of great confusion. However, if nutrition is defined as the integration of countless nutrient factors, metabolic reactions and outcomes, biologically orchestrated as in symphony, its relevance for personal and public health would be less confusing and more productive. This more wholistic interpretation may be observed at the cellular and physiological levels and may be described, in part, by the concept of pleiotropy (multiple cell-based effects from one nutrient source), together with its more expansive cousin, epitropy (multiple cell-based effects from multiple nutrients). First, wholistic interpretation helps to explain the profound but little-known health benefits of whole plant-based foods (not vegan or vegetarian) when compared with whole animal-based foods and/or with the nutritionally variable convenience foods (generally high in fat, salt, refined carbohydrates and low in complex carbohydrates). Second, wholistic interpretation explains why the U.S. Dietary Guidelines and related public policies, which are primarily conceived from reductionist reasoning, serve political agendas so effectively. If diet and health advisories were to acknowledge the biological complexity of nutrition, then make greater use of deductive (top down) instead of inductive (bottom up) reasoning, there would be less confusion. Third, wholistic nutrition, if acknowledged, could greatly help to resolve the highlypolarized, virtually intractable political debate on health care. And fourth, this definition tells why nutrition is rarely if ever offered in medical school training, is not one of the 130 or so medical specialties, and does not have a dedicated research institute at U.S. National Institutes of Health. Nutrition is a wholistic science whereas medical practice is reductionist, a serious mismatch that causes biased judgement of nutrition. But this dichotomy would not existif the medical practice profession were to understand and adopt wholistic interpretation. Reductionist research, however, is crucially important because its findings provide the granular structure for wholistic interpretationâ€”thesetwo philosophies are inescapably interdependent. Evidence obtained in this manner lends strong support to the suggestion that nutrition is more efficacious and far more affordable in maintaining and restoring (treating) health than all the pills and procedures combined. Admittedly, this is a challenging paradigm for the domain of medical science itself.
Turismo rural en la costa sur de Brasil: rumbo al desarrollo territorial
Authors: Alcântara Liliane Cristine Schlemer , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce 
Published: December 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo relacionar o turismo rural como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento territorial. A metodologia caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso, com pesquisa descritivo-exploratória e avaliativa, com recorte temporal entre 2006 a 2014 na Zona de Educação para o Ecodesenvolvimento da Microbacia Rio Sagrado (Paraná). A interpretação e o diagnóstico de dados são baseados na pesquisa qualitativa/quantitativa e observação participante. Concluiu-se que se acentuaram as contradições no meio rural: de um lado, o turismo rural comunitário levou à conservação dos modos de vida e da biodiversidade; de outro, desenvolveram-se poucas políticas públicas no meio rural voltadas ao turismo rural rumo ao desenvolvimento territorial rural, o que pode comprometer a continuidade dessa atividade.