bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics Inspired Machine Learning for Reliable Production Forecast in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Zhou Hui , Montilla Lucybel , Rincones M. D. , Orogbemi Kunle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reliable production forecasting in unconventional reservoirs requires consideration of the underlying physics that govern subsurface flow dynamics. For unconventional shale reservoirs, the identification of flow regimes, including linear and boundary-dominated flow, provides important insights for production forecasts. Traditional rate transient analysis methods, however, often rely on manual processes, introducing a degree of subjectivity and potential bias into the results. We introduce an innovative machine learning-driven approach, rooted in the fundamental physics of flow within hydraulically fractured tight reservoirs. This approach enhances efficiency, flexibility, and automation through machine learning. It also boosts the reliability and insights in production forecasts by leveraging a robust physics-based foundation.
Our workflow is constructed upon analytical solutions for multi-stage fractured shale reservoirs, assuming uniform bi-wing planar fractures and reservoir homogeneity. This simplification represents an asymptotic solution to unconventional wells and aligns with characteristic plots of field production. The first component of the workflow is to automatically analyze production data and generate characteristic attributes for linear flow and boundary-dominated flow. Following this, we employ a Markov chain Monte Carlo process that integrates actual production data with flow regime analysis, resulting in probabilistic multi-segment decline models for production forecasting with uncertainty ranges and confidence estimation. Building on these characteristics and production forecasts derived from existing producing wells, we develop a two-step machine learning model to predict future planned wells.
Field applications in both the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford have demonstrated the efficiency and reliability of our proposed workflow. Operating in a fully autonomous mode, our methodology delivers results that closely align with detailed engineering forecasts for assets at various stages of development. In a fully autonomous mode, our results closely match detailed engineering forecasts when using limited data for validation testing. Additionally, the workflow is designed to be adaptable and flexible, corresponding to data quality and availability as well as the practical business needs. This innovative workflow underscores the powerful synergy between machine learning and fundamental physics in delivering efficient, reliable, and insightful solutions for engineering tasks.
WITHDRAWN: Diversity and abundance of Butterflies in protected and unprotected habitation in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Kehinde Kemabonta , Oluwatobi Omoloye , Femi Adesina , Emmanuel Ugbodaga , Ojonugwa Ekpah , Joseph Anikwe , Azeezat Alafia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Dietary intake, Nutritional status, and Health outcomes among Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivore families: Results from the Observational Study
Authors: Gojda Jan , Henikova Marina , Ouradova Anna , Selinger Eliška , Tichánek Filip , Polakovičová Petra , Hrnčířová Dana , Dlouhý Pavel , Světnička Martin , El-Lababidi Eva , Potočková Jana , Kuhn Tilman , Cahová Monika 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Plant-based diets are growing in popularity because of their perceived environmental and health benefits. However, they may be associated with safety risks, that may cluster within families. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 95 families (47 vegan [VN], 23 vegetarian [VG], and 25 omnivore [OM]), including 187 adults, 65 children >3 years, and 77 children <3 years old. Growth, cardiovascular health, bone turnover, iodine, and vitamin/micronutrient status were specifically assessed. We found no significant differences in children’s growth characteristics in children between the dietary groups. Better cardiometabolic indices in VN (LDL and total cholesterol) were found as early as in children >3 years of age. In addition, OM had a higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and lower fat-free mass in adults. Higher bone turnover (P1NP) was found in older children and adult VN, where it was related to higher PTH levels. Paradoxically, vitamin D levels were generally higher in VN. Lower urinary iodine, associated with lower intake in VN was found across all age strata, with no effect on TSH. Mixed models suggested that namely height, micronutrient status (Se, Zn, and urinary iodine), and vitamin levels (folate, B12, and D) are clustered within families. Our results show that dietary habits significantly impact on nutritional biomarkers, with family influence playing an important role. Although no serious adverse effects of the diet were found, iodine status and bone health in vegans warrant further research.
Potassium-stabilized metastable carbides and chalcogenides via surface chemical potential modulation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Fanpeng , Cheng Chuanqi , Wang Jiajun , Han Yanran , Zhao Bo-Hang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Metastable carbides and chalcogenides are attractive candidates for wide and promising applications. However, their inherent instability leads to synthetic difficulty and poor durability. Thus, the development of facile strategies for the controllable synthesis and stabilization of metastable carbides is still a great challenge. Here, taking metastable ɛ-Fe2C as a case study, potassium ions (K+) are theoretically predicted and experimentally reported to control the synthesis of metastable ɛ-Fe2C from an Fe2N precursor by increasing the surface carbon chemical potential (μC). A series of operando characterizations and calculations reveal that the controllable synthesis and improved stability are attributed to the better-matched denitriding and carburizing rates and the impeded spillover of carbon atoms in metastable ɛ-Fe2C with high carbon contents due to the enhanced surface μC. In addition, this K+-induced surface chemical potential modulation strategy can be used to synthesize metastable γ’-MoC, MoN, 1T-MoS2, 1T-MoSe2, 1T-MoSe2xTe2(1-x), and 1T-Mo1-xWxSe2, highlighting the universality of the methodology. Impressively, gram-level scalable metastable ɛ-Fe2C remains stable for more than 398 days in air. Furthermore, ɛ-Fe2C exhibits remarkable olefin selectivity and durability for more than 36 h of continuous testing. This work not only reports a facile, easily scalable and general strategy for accessing various metastable carbides and chalcogenides but also addresses the synthetic difficulty and poor durability challenge of metastable materials.
Chronic ketosis provides neuroprotection through HIF-1α-mediated control of the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis by regulating the inflammatory and apoptotic response
Authors: Parveen Kehkashan , Salman Mohd , PharmD Golnoush Mirzahosseini , Parveen Arshi , Ishrat Tauheed , Puchowicz Michelle A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We and others have previously demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization through diet-induced ketosis plays a vital role during brain ischemic injury. We have recently reported that ketosis-stabilized HIF-1α regulates the inflammatory response and contributes to neuroprotection in a rat stroke model. In the current investigation, we examined the downstream mechanism by which the ketogenic (KG) diet protects against brain damage after stroke in mice. Six-seven-week-old male mice were fed the standard diet (SD) or the KG diet to mimic the metabolic state of chronic ketosis. After four weeks, mice were subjected to photothrombotic ischemic stroke. Behavior analysis was recorded at 24 h, 48h, and 72h post-stroke. After 72h, mice were euthanized for infarction, brain edema, hemorrhage, and molecular analysis. Our results showed that the KG diet significantly alleviated infarction, brain edema, and hemorrhage, improved the neurobehavioral outcomes, and attenuated ischemic stroke-induced oxidative/nitrative stress and apoptotic markers at 72h post-stroke. Further, the KG diet upregulated the HIF-1α and interleukin (IL)-10 expression and inhibited thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression compared to SD-fed mice after stroke. We further showed that the genetic deletion of NLRP3 mediates KG-induced neuroprotection after stroke. Our current study demonstrates that the KG diet exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome, mainly dependent on heightening the upregulation of IL-10 via HIF-1α stabilization. Thus, the KG diet might be considered a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic patients.
Analysis of MEP parameters in patients with post stroke spasticity in relation with rTMS therapy
Authors: lahre Yuvraj , Bhoi Sanjeev , Jha Menka , Samal Priyanka , Naik Suprava 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGORUND: Spasticity is a common complication of stroke limiting patient’s daily activities. Management of spasticity in chronic stroke patients may be necessary to improve their quality of life. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a painless and non-invasive method that can potentially reduce post-stroke spasticity. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of 3 sessions of low Hz rTMS therapy by analysing the changes in MEP parameters.
METHODS: Patients with upper limb spasticity after stroke of 3 months duration were randomised into active and sham groups. In the active group three sessions of 1000 pulses, 1 Hz rTMS at an intensity of 90% of resting motor threshold were applied to the primary motor area of the contra-lesional hemisphere over three consecutive days. Sham rTMS intensity was 0% but with a similar sound and scalp sensation. MEP was measured pre and post therapy in each group.
RESULTS: 106 patients were screened of which 50 patients were selected. 25 patients allotted to active group and 25 to sham group. Mean amplitude of MEP on stimulation of normal side was 1.98±1.70 mV before versus 1.53±1.16 mV after therapy showing significant reduction p=0.001 (95% CI-.135 - -.630). Similarly, there was significant increase in latency after therapy [22.92±2.25 ms vs 24.26±2.62 ms, p=0.001 (95% CI-2.0 - -.96)]. There was no significant change in amplitude (1.05±.69 mV vs 1.17±1.01 mV) or latency (23.66±2.45 ms vs 24.05±2.58 ms) after therapy in sham group.
CONCLUSION: MEP parameters revealed even three sessions of therapy can be helpful in supressing normal hemisphere. We found reduction in amplitude and increase in latency of MEP after low Hz rTMS therapy in contra-lesional hemisphere suggesting its suppression after therapy. Spasticity across each joint reduced after the therapy in active group.
Informal care and cognitive frailty among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of social participation
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Zhao Dan , Chai Shujun , Liu Yang , Sun Yihong , Zhang Yuxun , Lin Zihan , Zhou Jie , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives: With the intensification of ageing, cognitive frailty has become a major public health issue. The underlying mechanisms of the association between informal care and cognitive frailty were poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of social participation in the relationship between informal care and cognitive frailty among Chinese older adults.
Research Design and Methods: This research included 2,066 participants aged 60 and above from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). We conducted the logistic regression model and Karlson-Holm-Breen(KHB) analyses to test the mediating role of social participation in the relationship between informal care and cognitive frailty.
Results: After adjusting the confounders, three dimensions ofinformal care were negatively associated with cognitive frailty (financial support: b = -0.110, P = 0.025; emotional support: b = -0.145, P = 0.037; life care:b = -0.304, P = 0.007). Social participation mediated the association between financial support and cognitive frailty (P = 0.008), as well as life care and cognitive frailty (P = 0.022). However, the mediating effect of social participation on the association between emotional support and cognitive frailty was insignificant (P = 0.660).
Discussion and Implications: Cognitive frailty was associated with informal care among Chinese older adults. Social participation mediated the association between financial support and cognitive frailty, as well as life care and cognitive frailty. More attention should be devoted to promoting social participation among Chinese older adults with cognitive frailty, especially those who receive life care and financial support.
Association between biological aging and the risk of stroke: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Zhao Xingru , Yang Kai , Gao Shang , Zhang Jie , Li Xin , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that seriously affects lifespan, and aging is generally considered an important risk factor for stroke. This study aimed to explore the association between biological aging and stroke risk using well-validated measures of aging.
Methods
We employed the methods of Klemera-Doubal (KDMAge) and phenotypic age (PhenoAge) as alternative measures of biological aging in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. In order to analyze the data, we employed logistic regression, trend p-value, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis. Furthermore, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to assess the potential causal impact of biological aging (including intrinsic age acceleration, telomere length, facial aging, and frailty index) on stroke and stroke subtypes.
Results
A cross-sectional analysis of 34,856 participants revealed that higher biological age or biological age acceleration was associated with an increased risk of stroke. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis performed in 5 models revealed a statistically significant association between biological age or biological age acceleration and stroke risk. RCS analysis showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between KDMAge and KDMAge acceleration and stroke. Subgroup analysis revealed a moderating effect of alcohol consumption on the association between KDMAge acceleration and stroke risk. Finally, MR analysis revealed that the frailty index was associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36–1.83, p < 0.001). In contrast, reverse MR analysis revealed that stroke was associated with PhenoAge accelerated (OR: 1.54, 95% CI:1.12–2.12,p = 0.008), frailty index (OR:1.11,95% CI:1.05–1.17, p < 0.001) and facial aging (OR:1.02, 95% CI:1.01–1.03, p = 0.001). These findings provide evidence for a potential causal relationship between biological aging and stroke risk.
Conclusion
There is a significant association between biological aging and stroke. It is possible that biological aging may be a risk factor for stroke, and that stroke may further accelerate the process of biological aging. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to identify the acceleration of biological aging through biological aging measures with the objective of reducing the risk of stroke and the occurrence of adverse events.
Proactive symptom monitoring to initiate timely palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: YANG Grace Meijuan , KE Yu , NG Xin Hui , NEO Patricia Soek Hui , CHEUNG Yin Bun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To deliver timely palliative care in response to supportive and palliative care needs as they arise, we developed a model called ‘Supportive and Palliative care Review Kit in Locations Everywhere’ (SPARKLE), which comprises regular remote symptom monitoring using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS); early identification and prompt treatment of palliative care symptoms and concerns identified; referral to specialist palliative care if follow-up is required.
Methods
A prospective randomized controlled trial of SPARKLE versus usual care was conducted among patients with advanced cancers. The primary endpoint was Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) scores at 16 weeks post randomization.
Results
A total of 239 patients were randomized – 119 patients to usual care and 120 patients to SPARKLE intervention. There was no significant difference in total FACT-G score (baseline-adjusted difference 0.8, 95% CI -3.5 to 5.1, p = 0.73). Physical wellbeing was better in the SPARKLE intervention group compared to the usual care group (baseline-adjusted difference 1.9, 95%CI 0.4 to 3.4, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the other domain scores. There were no differences in palliative care referrals, occurrence of emergency department visits and/or hospital admissions.
Conclusion
Although there was no significant difference in overall quality of life, better physical symptom control could have been achieved through proactive identification and treatment of symptoms and concerns by the SPARKLE nurse. Further studies are warranted to evaluate how various components of palliative care service models impact clinical outcomes.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04242251
Prognostic value of MR visibility/invisibility in men on Active Surveillance
Authors: Klotz Laurence , Loblaw Andrew , Zhang Liying , Mamedov Alexandre , Vesprini Danny 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We sought to determine, in a prospective long term cohort, the prognostic value of negative MR imaging with respect to upgrading and need for intervention in men on AS.
Method: A long term prospective single centre study of men on Active surveillance with MR imaging. Primary outcome was upgrading on biopsy and rate of intervention. After incorporation of MRI into the AS protocol in 2013, men with negative imaging underwent systematic biopsy only for cause.
Results: 530 AS patients had one or more MRI, with median follow up of 8.5 years. At baseline, 39 patients (7.4%) had negative MRIs 161 (30%) equivocal,and 330 (62%) had a positive MRI. 229 patients were upgraded; 5% with invisible lesions, 34% with PiRADS 3, and 52% with PiRADS 4-5. 229 (43%) of the 530 men were eventually treated. No patient with a negative PiRADS was treated, vs 36% with PiRADS 3 and 52% with PiRADS 4-5 (p<.001).
In 331 men with serial MRIs, upgrading occurred in 46% of men with stable or improved MRI, and 57% in those with MRI progression. In the 70 patients whose MRI improved from PiRADS 4-5 to 3, 46% were upgraded. No patients who transitioned from PiRADS 3-5 to 1-2 were upgraded. Time to grade progression was highly inversely correlated with PIRADS score.
Conclusion: MRI invisible cancers demonstrated dramatically reduced rates of progression and no patient required intervention. Despite the absence of routine biopsies in the MR negative group, none of these patients progressed over time to GG ≥ 3 or metastatic disease. This suggests that, in men on active surveillance, image guided management, restricting biopsies to targeted biopsies of regions of interest, is sufficient to identify clinically significant cancers.
Do CRP Gene Variants and Smoking Elevate Recurrent Stroke Risk in Minor Ischemic Stroke Patients?
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Song Shina , Jia Wenhui , Xie Lihua , Fan Meilin , Li Changxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Minor ischemic strokes, though initially presenting with limited symptoms, carry a significant risk of recurrence, potentially leading to severe disability. However, the association of CRP gene variations in predicting the risk for recurrent minor stroke, especially how genetic susceptibility interacts with poor health habits like smoking, still needs to be established. This study investigates the relationships of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRP gene with minor stroke recurrence. Furthermore, this research proceeds to explore the potential interactions between these genetic variants and smoking status.
Methods
A total of 2,032 first-time minor stroke patients were retrospectively recruited from January 2019 to December 2022 in Linfen People's Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted for genotyping four SNPs of the CRP gene: rs1130864, rs1800947, rs2808632, and rs3093059. We scrutinized the association of these SNPs with the risk of stroke recurrence in an additive, dominant, and recessive genetic model. To further explore this complicated interaction of the CRP gene SNPs with the status of smoking, the tool of Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR), was employed. Besides, multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the strength of these associations with the risk of recurrence. The patients were followed by a team of three trained rehabilitators, making evaluations every three months for one year, in a very thorough follow-up.
Results
Our study recruited 260 patients who suffered recurrent minor strokes and 264 age- and sex-matched controls without recurrence. The A allele of rs2808632 (P = 0.002) and C allele of rs3093059 (P = 0.009) were found to be significantly associated with high risk of stroke recurrence by analysis. Those patients with the combined genotypes rs2808632 CA + AA and rs3093059 TC + CC revealed 2.325 times more risk for recurrence when compared to those with the genotypes rs2808632 CC and rs3093059 TT (P = 0.002). Furthermore, in the rs3093059 TC + CC genotypes versus the TT genotype among the smokers, an associated 3.467-fold increased risk for recurrence had been confirmed.
Conclusion
Our results confirmed that rs2808632 and rs3093059 together are pivotal factors in contributing to heightened minor stroke recurrence. Besides, this significantly affects the interaction between rs3093059 SNP and smoking status.
Mild Neurodevelopmental Disorder Due to SHMT2 Mutations: Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum
Authors: Pan Hu , He Mei , Luo Xuan , Hu Juanli , Mao Xiao , Cheng Yong , Liu Zhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Biallelic mutations in SHMT2 cause neurodevelopmental disorders with cardiomyopathy, spasticity, and brain abnormalities (NEDCASB; OMIM: 619121). This recently described metabolic disorder are characterized by severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, spastic paraplegia, peripheral neuropathy, corpus callosum dysgenesis, facial and limb deformities, and progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Herein we describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with novel compound heterozygous SHMT2 missense variants (c. 1274G > A: p.R425Q and c.1042C > T: p.R348W), presenting with mild intellectual disability, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and speech delay. Different from previous cases, our patient represents the mildest phenotype reported to date, and expand the phenotypic spectrum of disease associated with SHMT2 mutation.