bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pełczyński's property () of order p and its quantification
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Dongyang , Chávez‐Domínguez Javier Alejandro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe introduce the concepts of Pełczyński's property (V) of order p and Pełczyński's property of order p. It is proved that, for each , the James p‐spaces enjoys Pełczyński's property of order p and the James ‐spaces (where denotes the conjugate number of p) enjoys Pełczyński's property (V) of order p. We prove that both (μ a finite positive measure) and l1 enjoy a quantitative version of Pełczyński's property .
MEDI+0: Morphology enabled dipole inversion with automatic uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference for quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Liu Zhe , Spincemaille Pascal , Yao Yihao , Zhang Yan , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo develop a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method with a consistent zero reference using minimal variation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) susceptibility.Theory and MethodsThe ventricular CSF was automatically segmented on the
map. An L2‐regularization was used to enforce CSF susceptibility homogeneity within the segmented region, with the averaged CSF susceptibility as the zero reference. This regularization for CSF homogeneity was added to the model used in a prior QSM method (morphology enabled dipole inversion [MEDI]). Therefore, the proposed method was referred to as MEDI+0 and compared with MEDI in a numerical simulation, in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, and in a reproducibility study in healthy subjects.ResultsIn both the numerical simulations and in vivo experiments, MEDI+0 not only decreased the susceptibility variation within the ventricular CSF, but also suppressed the artifact near the lateral ventricles. In the simulation, MEDI+0 also provided more accurate quantification compared to MEDI in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, corpus callosum, and internal capsule. MEDI+0 measurements of MS lesion susceptibility were in good agreement with those obtained by MEDI. Finally, both MEDI+0 and MEDI showed good and similar intrasubject reproducibility.ConclusionQSM with a minimal variation in ventricular CSF is viable to provide a consistent zero reference while improving image quality. Magn Reson Med 79:2795–2803, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Attitudes to personality disorder of staff working in high‐security and medium‐security hospitals
Authors: Beryl R. , Völlm B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe discourse surrounding personality disorder is largely negative, and the diagnosis is considered to be associated with a degree of stigma. This study aimed to investigate staff attitudes towards personality disorder in high‐security and medium‐security forensic–psychiatric hospitals in the UK. The Attitude to Personality Disorder Questionnaire was completed by 132 participants who were all current employees with clinical roles. Staff attitudes to personality disorder in the current study were significantly less positive than in comparable studies in similar settings. Having completed staff training surrounding personality disorder and being from a non‐nursing professional background were the best predictors of positive attitudes to personality disorder. The findings of this study offer support to the pursuit of improving access to training in personality disorder for those working with this clinical presentation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Horstman Anneke , Bemer Marian , Boutilier Kim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growth regulator treatments. Molecular genetics studies have also shown that ectopic expression of specific embryo‐ and meristem‐expressed transcription factors or loss of certain chromatin‐modifying proteins induces spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. We begin this review with a general description of the major developmental events that define plant somatic embryogenesis and then focus on the transcriptional regulation of this process in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis). We describe the different somatic embryogenesis systems developed for arabidopsis and discuss the roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications in this process. We describe how these somatic embryogenesis factors are interconnected and how their pathways converge at the level of hormones. Furthermore, the similarities between the developmental pathways in hormone‐ and transcription‐factor‐induced tissue culture systems are reviewed in the light of our recent findings on the somatic embryo‐inducing transcription factor BABY BOOM.
PrivAPP: An integrated approach for the design of privacy‐aware applications
Authors: Basso Tania , Montecchi Leonardo , Moraes Regina , Jino Mario , Bondavalli Andrea 
Published: October 2017

SummaryNowadays, personal information is collected, stored, and managed through web applications and services. Companies are interested in keeping such information private due to regulation laws and privacy concerns of customers. Furthermore, the reputation of a company can be dependent on privacy protection, ie, the more a company protects the privacy of its customers, the more credibility it gets. This paper proposes an integrated approach that relies on models and design tools to help in the analysis, design, and development of web applications and services with privacy concerns. Using the approach, these applications can be developed consistently with their privacy policies to enforce them, protecting personal information from different sources of privacy violation. The approach is composed of a conceptual model, a reference architecture, and a Unified Modified Language Profile, ie, an extension of the Unified Modified Language for including privacy protection. The idea is to systematize the privacy concepts in the scope of web applications and services, organizing the privacy domain knowledge and providing features and functionalities that must be addressed to protect the privacy of the users in the design and development of web applications. Validation has been performed by analyzing the ability of the approach to model privacy policies from real web applications and by applying it to a simple application example of an online bookstore. Results show that privacy protection can be implemented in a model‐based approach, bringing values for the stakeholders and being an important contribution toward improving the process of designing web applications in the privacy domain.
Seismic performance and response control of large‐scale and special structures
Authors: Li Hongnan , Li Gang , Lu Xilin 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis special issue contains papers from the integrated project, Major Research Plan, entitled, “Integrated research on earthquake‐induced disaster evolution analysis of large‐scale building and bridge structures,” and is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The period of this project is 2.5 years, from July 2013 to December 2015. The papers address the latest research works on the design theory, test technique, and numerical simulation method for large‐scale and special structures under earthquakes.
An Evaluation of the Role of Simulation Training for Teaching Surgical Skills in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Campain Nicholas J. , Kailavasan Mithun , Chalwe Mumba , Gobeze Aberra A. , Teferi Getaneh , Lane Robert , Biyani Chandra Shekhar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn estimated 5 billion people worldwide lack access to any surgical care, whilst surgical conditions account for 11–30% of the global burden of disease. Maximizing the effectiveness of surgical training is imperative to improve access to safe and essential surgical care on a global scale. Innovative methods of surgical training have been used in sub‐Saharan Africa to attempt to improve the efficiency of training healthcare workers in surgery. Simulation training may have an important role in up‐scaling and improving the efficiency of surgical training and has been widely used in SSA. Though not intended to be a systematic review, the role of simulation for teaching surgical skills in Sub‐Saharan Africa was reviewed to assess the evidence for use and outcomes.MethodsA systematic search strategy was used to retrieve relevant studies from electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, Medline for pertinent articles published until August 2016. Studies that reported the use of simulation‐based training for surgery in Africa were included.ResultsIn all, 19 articles were included. A variety of innovative surgical training methods using simulation techniques were identified. Few studies reported any outcome data. Compared to the volume of surgical training initiatives that are known to take place in SSA, there is very limited good quality published evidence for the use of simulation training in this context.ConclusionsSimulation training presents an excellent modality to enhance and improve both volume and access to high quality surgical skills training, alongside other learning domains. There is a desperate need to meticulously evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of simulation training in SSA, where simulation training could have a large potential beneficial impact. Training programs should attempt to assess and report learner outcomes.
The Utility of Local Anesthesia for Neurosurgical Interventions in a Low‐Resource Setting: A Case Series
Authors: Eaton Jessica , Hanif Asma Bilal , Mzumara Suzgisam , Charles Anthony 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionTrauma is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, and injury to the central nervous system is the most common cause of death in these patients. While the provision of surgical services is being recognized as essential to global public health efforts, specialty areas such as neurosurgery remain overlooked.MethodThis is a retrospective case review of patients with operable lesions, such as extra‐axial hematomas and unstable depressed skull fractures that underwent neurosurgical interventions under local anesthesia.ResultsA total of 13 patients underwent neurosurgical intervention under local anesthesia. Two and three patients with burr hole decompression of epidural and subdural hematomas, respectively; seven patients had elevation of depressed skull fractures and lastly one patient had an aspiration of a brain abscess. All patients survived with and without residual neurological deficits.ConclusionAccess to resources and staff required to deliver general anesthesia is challenging in resource‐poor settings. We have therefore begun performing emergent interventions under local anesthesia, with or without conscious sedation. While some patients had some minor residual weakness after the procedure, the degree of neurological deficit was improved from that observed before the procedure in all patients.
Transabdominal Pre‐Peritoneal Versus Open Repair for Primary Unilateral Inguinal Hernia: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu James J. , Way Joshua A. , Eslick Guy D. , Cox Michael R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent NICE guidelines recommend open surgical approaches for the treatment of primary unilateral inguinal hernias. However, many surgeons perform a laparoscopic approach based on the advantages of less post‐operative pain and faster recovery. Our aim was to examine current evidence comparing transabdominal pre‐peritoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic repair and open surgical repair for primary inguinal hernias.MethodsA systematic search of six electronic databases was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TAPP and open repair for primary unilateral inguinal hernia. A random‐effects model was used to combine the data.ResultsA total of 13 RCTs were identified, with 1310 patients receiving TAPP repair and 1331 patients receiving open repair. There was no significant difference between the two groups for rates of haematoma (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.49–1.71; P = 0.78), seroma (RR 1.90; 95% CI 0.87–4.14; P = 0.10), urinary retention (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.36–2.76; P = 0.99), infection (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.29–1.28; P = 0.19), and hernia recurrence (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.42–1.07; P = 0.10). TAPP repair had a significantly lower rate of paraesthesia (RR 0.20; 95% CI 0.08–0.50; P = 0.0005), shorter bed stay (2.4 ± 1.4 vs 3.1 ± 1.6 days, P = 0.0006), and shorter return to normal activities (9.5 ± 7.9 vs 17.3 ± 8.4 days, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that TAPP repair did not have higher rate of morbidity or hernia recurrence and is an equivalent approach to open repair, with the advantages of faster recovery and reduced paraesthesia.
When leadership elicits voice: Evidence for a mediated moderation model
Authors: Jeung Chang-Wook , Yoon Hea Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the influence of humble and empowering leader behaviors on the prosocial voice of subordinates. We also investigate subordinate power distance orientation as a possible moderator of this relationship and subordinate psychological empowerment as the underlying mechanism behind this moderated effect. Findings from 306 employees of a Korean business conglomerate indicated that humble and empowering leadership were positively related to the prosocial voice of subordinates, and the moderation effects of subordinates’ power distance orientation between these two types of leader behaviors and subordinates’ prosocial voice were fully mediated by the extent to which they felt psychologically empowered. Our findings indicated that the moderation for the main effect between leadership and voice was caused by the significant moderating effect in the indirect path between two main variables via psychological empowerment. We conclude by highlighting implications for management practice and identifying avenues for future research.
Effects of monobutyrin and tributyrin on liver lipid profile, caecal microbiota composition and SCFA in high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Nguyen Thao Duy , Prykhodko Olena , Fåk Hållenius Frida , Nyman Margareta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractButyric acid has been shown to have suppressive effects on inflammation and diseases related to the intestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementation of two glycerol esters, monobutyrin (MB) and tributyrin (TB), would reach the hindgut of rats, thus having an effect on the caecal profile of SCFA, microbiota composition and some risk markers associated with chronic inflammation. For this purpose, rats were fed high-fat diets after adding MB (1 and 5 g/kg) and TB (5 g/kg) to a diet without any supplementation (high-fat control; HFC). A low-fat (LF) diet was also included. In the liver, total cholesterol concentrations, LDL-cholesterol concentrations, LDL:HDL ratio, and succinic acid concentrations were reduced in rats given the MB and TB (5 g/kg) diets, compared with the group fed the HFC diet. These effects were more pronounced in MB than TB groups as also expressed by down-regulation of the gene Cyp8b1. The composition of the caecal microbiota in rats fed MB and TB was separated from the group fed the HFC diet, and also the LF diet, as evidenced by the absence of the phylum TM7 and reduced abundance of the genera Dorea (similar to LF-fed rats) and rc4-4. Notably, the caecal abundance of Mucispirillum was markedly increased in the MB group compared with the HFC group. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of MB and TB can be used to counteract disturbances associated with a HFC diet, by altering the gut microbiota, and decreasing liver lipids and succinic acid concentrations.
Mycoprotein represents a bioavailable and insulinotropic non-animal-derived dietary protein source: a dose–response study
Authors: Dunlop Mandy V. , Kilroe Sean P. , Bowtell Joanna L. , Finnigan Tim J. A. , Salmon Deborah L. , Wall Benjamin T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe anabolic potential of a dietary protein is determined by its ability to elicit postprandial rises in circulating essential amino acids and insulin. Minimal data exist regarding the bioavailability and insulinotropic effects of non-animal-derived protein sources. Mycoprotein is a sustainable and rich source of non-animal-derived dietary protein. We investigated the impact of mycoprotein ingestion, in a dose–response manner, on acute postprandial hyperaminoacidaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. In all, twelve healthy young men completed five experimental trials in a randomised, single-blind, cross-over design. During each trial, volunteers consumed a test drink containing either 20 g milk protein (MLK20) or a mass matched (not protein matched due to the fibre content) bolus of mycoprotein (20 g; MYC20), a protein matched bolus of mycoprotein (40 g; MYC40), 60 g (MYC60) or 80 g (MYC80) mycoprotein. Circulating amino acid, insulin and uric acid concentrations, and clinical chemistry profiles, were assessed in arterialised venous blood samples during a 4-h postprandial period. Mycoprotein ingestion resulted in slower but more sustained hyperinsulinaemia and hyperaminoacidaemia compared with milk when protein matched, with overall bioavailability equivalent between conditions (P>0·05). Increasing the dose of mycoprotein amplified these effects, with some evidence of a plateau at 60–80 g. Peak postprandial leucine concentrations were 201 (sem 24) (30 min), 118 (sem 10) (90 min), 150 (sem 14) (90 min), 173 (sem 23) (45 min) and 201 (sem 21 (90 min) µmol/l for MLK20, MYC20, MYC40, MYC60 and MYC80, respectively. Mycoprotein represents a bioavailable and insulinotropic dietary protein source. Consequently, mycoprotein may be a useful source of dietary protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis rates.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORPHANHOOD STATUS, LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AND SEXUAL DEBUT: EVIDENCE FROM FEMALES IN MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Shoko Mercy , Ibisomi Latifat , Levin Jonathan , Ginsburg Carren 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study examined the relationship between orphanhood status, living arrangements and sexual debut. The study is important in the context of southern Africa, where a substantial number of children live apart from their parents because the parent is dead or living elsewhere, and where female adolescents face disproportionate sexual and reproductive health risks. Data for female adolescents were taken from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in seven southern African countries. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of sexual debut were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazard models. The results from multivariate analyses showed that non-co-residence with biological parents was significantly associated with higher risk of sexual debut in five of the seven countries. Using pooled data, the results showed that father absence was associated with higher risk of sexual debut – whether the father was deceased or living elsewhere. Interventions to delay sexual debut among female adolescents should seek to promote father–adolescent co-residence and improve access to education.
Hymenolepis diminuta and Rodentolepis nana (Hymenolepididae: Cyclophyllidea) in urban rodents of Gran La Plata: association with socio-environmental conditions
Authors: Fitte B. , Robles M.R. , Dellarupe A. , Unzaga J.M. , Navone G.T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this survey was to study two Hymenolepididae species in urban rodents, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, and to analyse factors that favour their presence in the environment and pose a sanitary risk. Hymenolepis diminuta and Rodentolepis nana were found in R. rattus and R. norvegicus in different proportions. Values of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity were recorded, and new morphometric characters were described, adding to previously known information. No significant differences were found. However, the results revealed that there is a tendency for these parasites to develop in areas with deficient socio-structural conditions and in water bodies. This study thereby shows that certain areas on the periphery of the Gran La Plata favour the existence of rodents, which act as sentinels of zoonotic diseases, and stresses the need to take action to minimize them in order to avoid putting human and animal health at risk.
Analysis of lead pollution levels within an urban ecosystem using the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta and its rat hosts as bioindicators
Authors: Tripodi M.A. , Hancke D. , Suarez O.V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe overall goal of this study was to use the Rattus spp./Hymenolepis diminuta model to assess environmental lead pollution in different landscape units of an urban ecosystem. Rats of the genus Rattus were collected from three shanty towns and three residential neighbourhoods of the city of Buenos Aires. Concentrations of lead in the livers of wild rats and in their parasite H. diminuta were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The landscape unit and tissue type had a significant effect on lead concentration, being higher in residential neighbourhoods as well as in H. diminuta tissue. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found for the mean lead concentration in livers between uninfected and infected rats. Since the available information describing heavy-metal pollution within the city of Buenos Aires is scarce, the results of this study allow us to update data about the extent of biologically available lead contamination. Considering that rats and H. diminuta are distributed worldwide, this monitoring system for lead pollution might be applied successfully in other urban ecosystems.
Potent nematicidal activity of phenolic derivatives on Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Aissani N. , Balti R. , Sebai H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study describes the nematicidal activity of ten selected phenolic derivatives using the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, model. Nematicidal activity was then correlated with the anti-oxidant power. The highest nematicidal activity was recorded for p-nitrophenol followed by m-nitrophenol, o-nitrophenol and p-bromophenol, with an EC50 after 1 day of immersion of about 0.70 ± 0.64, 8.14 ± 5.49, 15.79 ± 10.81 and 25.92 ± 11.37 μg/ml, respectively. The structure–activity relationship indicates that the nitro-group at position 4 on the phenolic ring (p-nitrophenol) is very important for nematicidal activity, followed by that at position 2 (o-nitrophenol) and position 3 (m-nitrophenol). p-Nitrophenol showed the highest nematicidal activity with the corresponding lowest anti-oxidant activity of about 97 ± 20 μg/ml. In conclusion, these findings suggest that phenolic derivatives could be considered as potent nematicidal agents and be integrated in the pest-management system.