bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer: A Review of Genetics, Current Biomarkers and Personalised Treatments
Authors: Wilson Trevor K. , Zishiri Oliver T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men, second only to lung cancer. Despite this, diagnosis and prognosis methods remain limited, with effective treatments being few and far between. Traditionally, prostate cancer is initially tested for through a prostate serum antigen (PSA) test and a digital rectum examination (DRE), followed by confirmation through an invasive prostate biopsy. The DRE and biopsy are uncomfortable for the patient, so less invasive, accurate diagnostic tools are needed. Current diagnostic tools, along with genes that hold possible biomarker uses in diagnosis, prognosis and indications for personalised treatment plans, were reviewed in this article.Recent FindingsSeveral genes from multiple families have been identified as possible biomarkers for disease, including those from the MYC and ETS families, as well as several tumour suppressor genes, Androgen Receptor signalling genes and DNA repair genes. There have also been advances in diagnostic tools, including MRI‐targeted and liquid biopsies. Several personalised treatments have been developed over the years, including those that target metabolism‐driven prostate cancer or those that target inflammation‐driven cancer.ConclusionSeveral advances have been made in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, but the disease still grows year by year, leading to more and more deaths annually. This calls for even more research into this disease, allowing for better diagnosis and treatment methods and a better chance of patient survival.
Mechanism of Drug Resistance to First‐Line Chemotherapeutics Mediated by TXNDC17 in Neuroblastomas
Authors: Zeng Chenggong , Li Zhuoran , Wei Zhiqing , Chen Tingting , Wang Juan , Huang Junting , Sun Feifei , Zhu Jia , Lu Suying , Zhen Zijun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prognosis of high‐risk neuroblastomas (NB) that are resistant to first‐line induction chemotherapy is relatively poor. This study explored the mechanism of resistance to first‐line chemotherapeutics mediated by TXNDC17 and its potential solutions in NB.MethodsThe genetic and clinical data of patients with NB were obtained from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments dataset. TXNDC17 and BECN1 expressions in NB cells were up‐ and downregulated by transfection with plasmids and shRNA, respectively. Autophagy‐related proteins were detected by western blot. Cell viability was determined using cell proliferation and toxicity experiments. Apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometry.ResultsOverall, 1076 pediatric and adolescent patients with NB were enrolled in this study. The 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates and event‐free survival (EFS) rates for the patients with a mutation of BECN1 were 37.4 ± 9.1% and 34.5 ± 8.8%, respectively. For patients with a mutation of TXNDC17, the 10‐year OS and EFS were 41.4 ± 5.9% and 24.3 ± 5.1%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the unaltered group. The overexpression of BECN1 and TXNDC17 reduced NB sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP), etoposide (VP16), and cyclophosphamide (CTX). Autophagy mediated by BECN1 was regulated by TXNDC17, and this process was involved in the resistance to DDP, VP16, and CTX in NB. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) can enhance the sensitivity and apoptosis of NB cells to chemotherapeutics by inhibiting TXNDC17, ultimately decreasing autophagy‐mediated chemoresistance.ConclusionsAcquired resistance to first‐line chemotherapeutics was associated with autophagy mediated by BECN1 and regulated by TXNDC17, which can be reversed by SAHA.
Electrodeposited Manganese Dioxides and Their Composites as Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion Reactions
Authors: Nakayama Masaharu , Yoshida Wataru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnhancing the efficiencies of electrochemical reactions for converting renewable energy into clean chemical fuels as well as generating clean energy is critical to achieving carbon neutrality. However, this enhancement can be achieved using materials that are not constrained by resource limitations and those that can be converted into devices in a scalable manner, preferably for industrial applications. This review explores the applications of electrochemically deposited manganese dioxides (MnO2) and their composites as electrochemical catalysts for oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions for converting renewable energy into chemical fuels. It also explores their applications as electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and bifunctional OER/ORR for the efficient operation of fuel cells and metal–air batteries, respectively. Manganese is the second most abundant transition metal in the Earth′s crust, and electrodeposition represents a binder‐free and scalable technique for fabricating devices (electrodes). To propose an improved catalyst design, the studies on the electrodeposition mechanism of MnO2 as well as the fabrication techniques for MnO2‐based nanocomposites accumulated in the development of electrodes for supercapacitors are also included in this review.
Naturally acquired adaptive immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae is impaired in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Ercoli Giuseppe , Selway‐Clarke Hugh , Truijen Dena , Folkmanaite Milda , Oulton Tate , Norris‐Grey Caitlin , Nakajima Rie , Felgner Philip , Wren Brendan W , Tetteh Kevin , Croucher Nicholas J , Leandro Maria , Cambridge Geraldine , Brown Jeremy S 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased susceptibility to infections, including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Why RA is associated with increased susceptibility to S. pneumoniae is poorly understood. This study aims to assess the effects of RA and B‐cell depletion therapy on naturally acquired antibody responses to 289 S. pneumoniae protein antigens using a novel protein array.MethodsIgG responses to S. pneumoniae were characterised in serum from RA patients and disease controls (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)) using whole‐cell ELISA, a flow cytometry opsonisation assay and an S. pneumoniae protein array. For the RA patients, results were compared before and after B‐cell depletion therapy.ResultsCompared to a well‐characterised disease control group of ME/CFS patients, RA patients had reduced antibody responses to multiple S. pneumoniae protein antigens, with significant IgG recognition of approximately half the number of antigens along with reduced median strengths of these responses. Reduction in multiple array antigen‐specific responses also correlated with reduced IgG opsonisation of S. pneumoniae. Although B‐cell depletion therapy with rituximab did not reduce overall IgG recognition of S. pneumoniae in the RA group, it was associated with marked disruption of pre‐existing IgG repertoire to protein antigens in individual patients.ConclusionThese data show RA is associated with major disruption of naturally acquired adaptive immunity to S. pneumoniae, which can be assessed rapidly using a protein antigen array and is likely to contribute towards the increased incidence of pneumonia in patients with RA.
A Comparative Study of the Paris System and Common Reporting System for Urine Cytology With Cyto‐Histology Correlation: A Study of 829 Urine Cytology Specimens
Authors: Khairwa Anju , Swati  , Mahajan Prerna , Diwaker Preeti , Maroof Khan Amir 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Paris System (TPS) diligently detects high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and creates a uniform, standardized, reproducible reporting system for urine cytology. However, many centres might still use a common reporting system (CRS). The study aims to compare TPS and CRS for urine cytology with histology correlation.MethodIt was a cross‐sectional study done from July 2016 to December 2022.ResultsThe study included 829 urine cytology samples (96% voided urine) from 478 patients. Histology correlation was available for 138 (16.6%) samples of 115 patients. The frequency of NHGUC, AUC, HGUC and SHGUC was 40.6%, 17.4%, 12.2% and 5.5%, respectively, in TPS. In contrast, in CRS, the frequency of NM, AUS, SM and PM was 69.2%, 13.3%, 4.5% and 13.0%, respectively. TPS and CRS had 64% agreement overall with the kappa test (κ‐value 0.479, moderate strength). The agreement between TPS and CRS was 39.8% for NHGUC, 10.97% for AUC and 10.85% for HGUC. After combining a few TPS categories, the agreement increased to 87.7% (κ‐value 0.7640, good strength). Histological concordance for AUC, HGUC and NHGUC was 75%, 31.8% and 31.3% in TPS, and it was 50% and 33.3% for AUS and PM, respectively, in CRS. The sensitivity and specificity of TPS and CRS against histology were 37.5% vs. 26.0%, p = 0.0005 and 76.5% vs. 85.3%, p = 0.0083, respectively.ConclusionTPS and CRS have moderate strength of agreement for urine cytology. TPS was more sensitive than CRS. It may be easy for institutes to transition to a newer TPS system if they still use a CRS.
Waxy‐ or Putty‐Like Materials as a Novel Drug Preparation for Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists: Detection in Prisons and In Vitro Cannabinoid Receptor Activity
Authors: Timmerman Axelle , Deventer Marie H. , Andrews Rachael , Reid Robert , Marland Victoria , Edwards Darren , Pudney Christopher R. , Nic Daéid Niamh , Stove Christophe P. , Norman Caitlyn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAfter the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) introduced mail photocopying procedures in December 2021, a shift in smuggling methods was observed for synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) and other new psychoactive substances (NPS) from drug‐infused papers back to traditional sample matrices (e.g., tablets and powders), although new matrices also emerged. This study reports on waxy‐ or putty‐like materials as a novel drug preparation for SCRAs and other drugs seized from UK prisons. In 2023, 22 of these new preparations were seized from Scottish prisons, with eight found in sealed vape pods. The materials were positive for SCRAs, phytocannabinoids, novel benzodiazepines, and/or gabapentinoids. Additionally, 11 preparations were seized from an English prison, all containing the SCRAs MDMB‐4en‐PINACA and MDMB‐INACA. MDMB‐INACA was pharmacologically characterized using in vitro CB1 and CB2 bioassays, revealing moderate efficacy but low potency at CB1. Furthermore, the in vitro CB1 bioassay was also used to evaluate the CB1 activating potential of extracts from eight seized samples. Six of these showed high CB1 activity, whereas the samples lacking SCRAs or containing only MDMB‐INACA showed no or only weak CB1 activity, respectively. Lastly, applying the bioassay as an activity‐based “untargeted” screening method effectively identified the presence of SCRAs in one waxy preparation, which was initially not detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). This underscores the effectiveness of the bioassay for evaluating these new waxy‐ or putty‐like materials for the presence of SCRAs.
Impella malrotation affects left ventricle unloading in cardiogenic shock patients
Authors: Baldetti Luca , Romagnolo Davide , Festi Mariagiulia , Beneduce Alessandro , Gurrieri Davide , Peveri Beatrice , Frias André , Gramegna Mario , Sacchi Stefania , Cianfanelli Lorenzo , Calvo Francesco , Pazzanese Vittorio , Chieffo Alaide , Ajello Silvia , Scandroglio Anna Mara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsImpella malrotation—inlet orientation away from the left ventricular (LV) apex with normal console waveforms and proper device depth—is commonly observed and possibly associated worse haemodynamics. This study aimed to characterize the haemodynamic consequences of Impella malrotation in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients.Methods and resultsWe included 100 CS patients (60 ± 12 years; 79.0% males) with available echocardiography during Impella support and pulmonary artery catheter assessment before and during (at 48 h) Impella support. Impella malrotation was identified in 36%. At 48 h, malrotation patients had higher pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP, 16.0 ± 8.2 vs. 13.0 ± 4.6 mmHg; P = 0.033), higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP, 35.0 ± 11.3 vs. 29.5 ± 9.0 mmHg; P = 0.015), higher diastolic‐PAP (19.3 ± 8.1 vs. 15.1 ± 6.1 mmHg; P = 0.007), higher mean‐PAP (25.7 ± 9.1 vs. 20.8 ± 6.8 mmHg; P = 0.005), higher right atrial pressure (10.3 ± 4.8 vs. 7.7 ± 4.3 mmHg; P = 0.009), higher pulmonary vascular resistance index (4.78 ± 2.75 vs. 3.49 ± 1.94 WUm2; P = 0.020) and higher pulmonary artery elastance (0.91 ± 0.60 vs. 0.67 ± 0.40 mmHg/mL; P = 0.045). Serum lactate at 48 h was higher in malrotation patients (6.63 ± 6.25 vs. 3.60 ± 4.21 mmol/L; P = 0.004). Malrotation patients presented larger LVEDD during support (52 ± 10 vs. 46 ± 11 mm; P = 0.006), higher rates of aortic regurgitation (AR, 86 vs. 56%; P = 0.004) and higher increase in AR severity (+0.94 ± 0.92 vs. + 0.46 ± 0.95; P = 0.016). No significant differences were found in major adverse outcomes.ConclusionsIn CS patients, Impella malrotation is associated with suboptimal unloading of the LV, worse pulmonary haemodynamics and worse indexes of right ventricular afterload.
Selective Access to 2‐Phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐Ones and 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐Ones from Same Precursors in Organic Salts Derived DES
Authors: Dutta Bidyutjyoti , Priyam Borah Ramyata , Bahsis Lahoucine , Dutta Apurba , Sarma Bipul , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Arvind , Sarma Diganta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA binary mixture of organic salts, also known as ionic liquids, [C12mim][Br]:[MPIM][HCOO] denoted as BmIL1 has been explored as bifunctional catalyst for the selective synthesis of 2‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐(1H)‐ones from same precursors under metal, ligand and additive free conditions. The methodology has been extended to the synthesis of 2‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via another pathway from different precursors under the same catalytic system. Greener synthesis of existing drugs reestablished the multifunctionality of BmIL1. Gram scale synthesis of both the products, DFT calculations and sc‐XRD data add significance to the developed protocol. Moreover, high atom economy and eco score values justify the sustainability of the methodology.
Heteroarylation of Organophosphonium Salts with Indoles in Water: Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 3,3′‐Bisindolylmethane Derivatives.
Authors: Luo Xin‐Long , Ji Wen‐Jun , Yu Zi‐Lun , Wang Ming‐Ming , Pang Chao‐Bin , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Ge Danhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA method for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3′‐bis(indolyl)methanes (3,3′‐BIMs) has been developed through the direct heteroarylation of indolyl‐containing di(hetero)aryl phosphonium salts with indole derivatives in aqueous media. This metal‐free reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions, eliminating the need for hazardous solvents and expensive additives/catalysts typically used in conventional synthesis routes, thereby highlighting the synthetic practicality and efficiency of the process. The success of this approach is largely attributed to the role of water as a promoter, facilitating the C−P bond functionalization of the phosphonium salts. Furthermore, the reaction demonstrates a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and excellent scalability. Moreover, the protocol can also be extended to the synthesis of triindolylmethane compound and diarylmethylated indole.
Photocatalytic Cascade Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization: Selective Synthesis of Trifluoroethylated Benzopyran and Benzopyranone Derivatives
Authors: Lv Yangjing , Luo Hongmei , Jiang Xiaomeng , Yu Zhichen , Ding Yuxin , Zhang Changjun , Xie Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe have realized a photocatalytic radical cascade cyclization reaction enabling the one‐step synthesis of rare trifluoroethyl benzopyran derivatives with a wide variety of structures in excellent yields. Furthermore, the approach exhibits low catalyst loading, high regioselectivity and wide applicability under mild conditions. The selectivity of this transformation is influenced by the length of the carbon chain of the benzaldehyde, as demonstrated by density functional theory calculations. Additionally, scaling up the photocatalytic process can be readily accomplished.
Pt and Pt‐group transition metal 0D vacancy ordered halide perovskites: A review
Authors: Liu Huilong , Bansal Shubhra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskites (LHPs), have attracted considerable attention across various applications owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the main challenge hindering the broad adoption of lead halide perovskites lies in their stability and toxicity. In this review, we summarize the outstanding properties of platinum (Pt) halide perovskites, with a particular focus on the stability and applications of Cs2PtI6 and its derivatives. Cs2PtI6 has shown promising efficiency for photovoltaic devices, as well as photoelectrochemical water splitting with stable behavior in acid or basic conditions. Cs2PtI6 also shows promise in gas sensing and thermoelectric devices. The emergence of 2D Pt (II) halide perovskites opens up new avenues for environmentally friendly materials for photonic and optoelectronic devices like room temperature phosphoresce and triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) based up‐conversion.image
Between institutions and narratives: Understanding collective action in innovation policy processes
Authors: Esposito Giovanni , Taffoni Gaia , Terlizzi Andrea , Crutzen Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExplanations for collective action focus on both institutions and narratives. On the one hand, institutional approaches emphasize the role of rules that guide human behavior. On the other hand, accounting for the narratives through which policy actors make sense of their actions helps in understanding strategic behavior. However, applying institutional and narrative perspectives together is daunting, in part because there has not been a common way to integrate the two approaches. In this article, we draw from Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) to elaborate a novel analytical approach that combines ANT with the Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT) and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF). We use IGT's and NPF's analytical categories in a processual perspective to examine how policy‐makers strategically use institutions and narratives to create and stabilize a network of actors in innovation policy processes. We illustrate our approach through an in‐depth analysis of the development of a smart city.
Choline ameliorates tris (2‐chloroisopropyl) phosphate‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by inhibiting ROS/Nrf2/Keap1‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Meng‐chu , Huang Si‐yu , Huang Wen‐ge , He Tong‐tong , Wusiman Maierhaba , Zhu Hui‐lian , Liu Zhao‐yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTris (2‐chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) is an emerging environmental pollutant associated with liver diseases. However, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Choline, a necessary dietary nutrient, has previously demonstrated inhibitory effects on HCC. Therefore, elucidating the underlying mechanism of TCPP exposure on HCC development and investigating whether choline could mitigate these effects may improve the prognosis of HCC patients. In this study, we examined the tumor‐promoting effects of TCPP on HCC and explored the protective effects of choline. Our findings revealed that choline treatment attenuated the tumor‐promoting effects of TCPP exposure on HCC cells’ epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis. Further investigation showed that TCPP exposure induced ROS production via NOX4 upregulation, while choline inhibited ROS generation, thereby mitigating the effects of TCPP on EMT and metastasis in HCC cells. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that excessive ROS inhibited levels of Keap1, leading to upregulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which promoted autophagy flux and accelerated EMT and metastasis of HCC cells. However, choline treatment significantly impaired TCPP‐induced autophagy by attenuating the ROS/Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Overall, our data illustrate the adverse effects of TCPP on the malignant progression of HCC and suggest that choline may serve as a potential nutrient to counteract the tumor‐promoting effects of TCPP on HCC.
Nutritional Benefits of Lycopene and Beta‐Carotene: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Tufail Tabussam , Bader Ul Ain Huma , Noreen Sana , Ikram Ali , Arshad Muhammad Tayyab , Abdullahi Muhammed Adem 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCertain carotene components, such as lycopene and beta‐carotene, are found in tomatoes, carrots, sweet potatoes, etc. and are good for human health. It gives plants their distinctive red color. A class of lipid‐soluble natural pigments known as carotenoids is the precursor of vitamin A and is vital for antioxidant defense against peroxides in cells and tissues. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge and research on the sources, structures, physiochemical properties, absorption and metabolism, functional advantages, and prevention of many diseases associated with lycopene and beta‐carotene. These antioxidants have been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and they also help draw pollinators to flowers. Carrots and sweet potatoes are also rich sources of beta‐carotene, which strengthens the immune system and improves eye health. The vivid color of many plants reproductive organs, including flowers and fruits, is caused by carotenoid, a secondary metabolite that is produced in plastids. The distinctive red color and many other health advantages are attributed to lycopene. When ingested through food or supplements, lycopene and beta‐carotene help manage and prevent a number of diseases, including cancer, metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular, hepatic, ophthalmic, skeletal, and infertility disorders. The main point is that toxicity is uncommon, and these carotenoids are generally accepted to be safe at different doses. Including these nutrients in your diet can improve your general health and provide illness prevention.
Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Netherlands: A Population‐Based Study of 568 Cases Diagnosed in 2008–2021
Authors: van de Velde Lise J. , Scheurleer W. F. Julius , Braunius W. Weibel , Speksnijder Caroline M. , de Ridder Mischa , Devriese Lot A. , de Bree Remco , Breimer Gerben E. , Rijken Johannes A. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSinonasal squamous cell carcinoma is known for its rarity and poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the trends in the incidence of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands and to analyze patient characteristics and treatment practices in order to assess their relation with patient outcomes.MethodsIn this prospectively designed population‐based cohort study, all patients diagnosed with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma between 2008 and 2021 in the Netherlands were included. Patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were excluded, leading to a definitive study population of 568 cases.ResultsThe annual incidence rate for the overall population displayed a slight upward trend over the inclusion period with an annual percentage change of 1.6%. The 5‐year overall, disease‐free, and relative survival were 43.0%, 52.0%, and 47.2%, respectively. Relative survival decreased marginally over the course of the inclusion period.ConclusionSinonasal squamous cell carcinoma is rare with approximately stable incidence rates. There is a limited, non‐statistically significant, decrease in survival between 2008 and 2021. Therefore, there is a clear need for innovative treatment approaches to improve outcomes for patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.