bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 110 Exploring the Relationship between Subjective Cognitive Complaints, Psychiatric Symptom Reporting, and Neurocognitive Test Performance in a Post-SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Sample
Authors: Boulais Brooke M , Sedgwick Thomas A , Ellison Rachel L , Ulrich Devin M , Jennette Kyle J , Pliskin Neil H , Soble Jason , Phillips Matthew S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluated the relationship between subjective cognitive complaints, objective cognitive performance, and psychological outcomes among clinical patients referred for persisting cognitive concerns following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Method
The sample consisted of 49 patients (69.4% female; 38.8% Black, 36.7% White, 18.4% Hispanic, 6.0% Other; Mage = 45.27, SD = 12.08; Meducation = 15.49; SD = 3.0) referred for neuropsychological evaluation to assess for long-term post-SARS-CoV-2 cognitive changes. All patients were administered a uniform neuropsychological test battery that included measures of working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning/memory, as well as measures of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Degree of subjective cognitive concerns was established using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) cognitive subscale. Linear regression models were conducted between the NSI cognitive subscale and each cognitive and psychological outcome.

Results
NSI cognitive scale predicted all psychological (depression [F = 31.37, p &lt; 0.001(R2 = 0.41)]; anxiety [F = 6.71, p = 0.01(R2 = 0.13); perceived stress [F = 4.40, p = 0.04(R2 = 0.10)]) variables. The NSI cognitive scale also significantly predicted working memory [F = 4.624, p = 0.04(R2 = 0.09)]; however, no individual scores fell below the low average range upon further analysis. Cognitive complaints did not significantly predict any other cognitive (processing speed [F = 0.002, p = 0.97(R2 = 0.00)], total learning [F = 0.14, p = 0.71(R2 = 0.00)], and delayed recall [F = 1.03, p = 0.32(R2 = 0.02)]) variable.

Conclusions
Subjective cognitive complaints significantly predicted self-reported psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, and perceived stress, while working memory was the only cognitive performance with a similarly meaningful relationship. These preliminary findings suggest that the psychological effects of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than objective cognitive changes, may better explain subjective cognitive concerns reported by this population.
B - 111 Community Resource Access and Neuropsychological Outcomes in a Post-SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Sample
Authors: Boulais Brooke M , Sedgwick Thomas A , Ellison Rachel L , Phillips Matthew S , Jennette Kyle J , Pliskin Neil H , Soble Jason , Ulrich Devin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Lower access to resources, income, education, and housing quality has been linked with poorer neuropsychological outcomes. This study evaluated the relationship between community resource access and several cognitive and psychological outcomes among clinical patients with persisting cognitive concerns following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Method
The sample consisted of 49 patients (30.6% male; 35.3% White; Mage = 45.3, SD = 12.1; Meducation = 15.5, SD = 3.0) referred for neuropsychological evaluation to assess for long-term cognitive changes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. All patients were administered a uniform neuropsychological test battery that included measures of working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning/memory, as well as measures of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Area deprivation index (ADI) was determined using the national decile of the 2021 Neighborhood Atlas. Linear regression models were conducted between ADI and each cognitive and psychological outcome.

Results
No significant associations were identified between ADI and cognitive (working memory [F = 3.16, p = 0.08]; processing speed [F = 0.89, p = 0.32]; total learning [F = 0.41, p = 0.52]; delayed recall [F = 0.08, p = 0.78]) nor psychological (depressive symptoms [F = 0.09, p = 0.77]; anxiety symptoms [F = 0.05, p = 0.82]; perceived stress [F = 0.49, p = 0.49]) variables.

Conclusions
In this preliminary study, community access to resources did not significantly predict long-term cognitive or psychological symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This unexpected result suggests that neighborhood deprivation may be one particular social determinant of health that is less impactful for post-SARS-CoV-2 neuropsychological outcomes in similar populations. Generalizability is limited by sample characteristics (highly educated; uncomplicated disease course) and small sample size. Thus, replication in a larger database and further research involving other social determinants is indicated.
B - 112 Challenges and Opportunities for Training in a New Era in Neuropsychology: a Survey Study
Authors: Fox-Fuller Joshua , Wisinger Amanda , Koudys Jacob W , DesRuisseaux Libby A , Cerny Brian , Schmitt Taylor , Towns Stephanie , Rahman-Filipiak Annalise , Votruba Kristen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The field of neuropsychology is undergoing significant changes, especially as the Minnesota Update Conference (MUC) drafts are developed. In late 2023, a group of neuropsychology trainee-leaders, united through the Clinical Neuropsychology Trainee Forum (CNTF), surveyed trainees in the United States and Canada to better understand their needs and perception of the neuropsychology training climate.

Method
Survey items were written by a CNTF task force consisting of trainee-leaders from major neuropsychology organizations before being refined by four independent neuropsychologists, including two current neuropsychology postdoctoral fellowship training directors. The survey was distributed via listservs and social media.

Results
220 respondents completed a majority of the survey, and they were primarily female (86%), White (71%), and training in the United States (92%). More than 75% of respondents reported satisfaction with their doctoral program, internship, and/or fellowship. Similarly, 90% and 73% of respondents, respectively, felt their opinions on the future of the field are listened to and/or valued in discussions with peers and supervisors/mentors. However, only 57% of respondents felt their opinions are valued by neuropsychology organizational leadership, and nearly 70% were uncertain or disagreed that trainees’ opinions were valued during the MUC draft development and review period.

Conclusions
Most neuropsychology trainees are satisfied with their training programs yet expressed concern about their opinions on the future of the field being heard by neuropsychology leadership. Trainee stakeholder engagement will be key to the vitality of neuropsychology in light of anticipated MUC Guidelines. Recommendations for supervisors, training directors, and neuropsychology organizational leadership will be discussed.
B - 113 Assessing the Neuropsychology Information Base of Large Language Models
Authors: Kronenberger Oscar , Bullinger Leah , Kaser Alyssa N , Cullum Munro C , Schaffert Jeffrey , Harder Lana , Lacritz Laura 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research has demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs) can obtain passing scores on medical board-certification examinations and have made substantial improvements in recent years (e.g., ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrating an accuracy of 83.4% and 73.4%, respectively, on neurosurgical practice written board-certification questions). To date, the extent of LLMs’ neuropsychology domain information has not been investigated. This study is an initial exploration of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Gemini’s performance on mock clinical neuropsychology written board-certification examination questions.

Methods
Six hundred practice examination questions were obtained from the BRAIN American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) website. Data for specific question domains and pediatric subclassification were available for 300 items. Using an a priori prompting strategy, the questions were input into ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Gemini. Responses were scored based on BRAIN AACN answer keys. Chi-squared tests assessed LLMs’ performance overall and within domains, and significance was set at p = 0.002 using Bonferroni correction.

Results
Across all six hundred items, ChatGPT-4 had superior accuracy (74%) to ChatGPT-3.5 (62.5%) and Gemini (52.7%; p’s &lt; 0.001). The LLMs had lower performance on items with domain information (ChatGPT-4 = 66%, ChatGPT-3.5 = 56%, Gemini = 42%; see Table 1). Generally, ChatGPT-4 performed better across domains (range = 59.5%–74%) than ChatGPT-3 (range = 48.4%–65.6%) and Gemini (range = 38.1%–50%). The same trend was observed for pediatric questions (ChatGPT-4 = 65%, ChatGPT-3.5 = 51.7%, Gemini = 46.7%).

Conclusions
Consistent with reports in other medical subspecialties, these findings reflect LLMs’ rapidly expanding neuropsychology information base. With additional neuropsychology-specific training, LLMs may have utility in educational and clinical training settings. It is incumbent upon neuropsychologists to explore the various applications of this technology.
B - 114 Evaluation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Memory Index Score for Predicting Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome Progression
Authors: Kronenberger Oscar , Lacritz Laura H , Nguyen Trung P , Kaser Alyssa , Longoria Anthony , Lee Diamond , Schaffert Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Memory Index Score (MoCA-MIS) is derived from the MoCA as a supplementary memory measure, with research suggesting the MoCA-MIS can identify those at higher risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome (ACS). This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA total score (TS), delayed free recall score (DFRS), and MIS in classifying amnestic MCI (aMCI) to ACS converters and replicated an algorithm recommended by Julayanont et al. (2014).

Methods
National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data were examined in individuals with aMCI, ≥50 years of age (Myears = 75.35[7.92]) who had 3–6 annual follow-up visits. Participants (n = 353) were mostly male (58%), White (88%), and well-educated (Myears = 16.37[5.21]). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses utilized baseline MoCA scores to examine optimal cutoffs using Youden’s index. Sensitivity and specificity of Julayanont’s algorithm (TScutoff&lt;20 + MIScutoff&lt;7) were also examined.

Results
Over follow-up (Myears = 4.52[1.02]), 53.3% converted to ACS. ROC analyses to predict longitudinal conversion from aMCI to ACS revealed similar sensitivity and specificity across MoCA scores (TScutoff&lt;24, AUC = 0.67, Sensitivity = 0.78, Specificity = 0.49; DFRScutoff&lt;2, AUC = 0.67, Sensitivity = 0.75, Specificity = 0.54; MIScutoff&lt;8, AUC = 0.69, Sensitivity = 0.66, Specificity = 0.64). The Julayanont algorithm displayed low sensitivity (0.18) but high specificity (0.93) in this sample.

Conclusion
In predicting aMCI to ACS conversion over a 3–6 year period, baseline MoCA-TS, DFRS, and MIS cutoffs failed to demonstrate high sensitivity with adequate specificity. The Julayanont combination approach had unacceptable sensitivity in this sample. These findings suggest MoCA cutoffs are poor predictors of future cognitive progression in those with aMCI and highlight the importance of comprehensive longitudinal follow-up.
B - 116 What Factors Predict Clinician Ratings of the Alliance in Neuropsychological Settings?
Authors: Madnick Alison , Zweig Richard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The study aimed to identify variables associated with clinician ratings of the working alliance in neuropsychological assessment settings.

Method
The study utilized a cross-sectional design and survey method to evaluate hypotheses. Participants (n = 224) recruited from neuropsychology listservs were clinicians who saw an adult patient in the context of a neuropsychological evaluation within the past month. Clinician demographics, patient demographics, evaluation variables (e.g., time spent in evaluation, referral question, evaluation setting) and ratings of the salience of the alliance were collected via participant self-report. The Working Alliance Inventory – Neuropsychology Revised (WAI-NP-R) (α = 0.93) created for this study served as the primary outcome.

Results
Between-subjects ANOVA revealed that clinician-patient match on gender demographics was associated with higher clinician ratings of the working alliance (F(1, 218) = 6.73, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.03). Post hoc tests revealed that ratings of the working alliance were significantly higher for male clinicians with female patients (M = 104.26, SE = 2.54) than for female clinicians with female patients (M = 92.97, SE = 1.89), mean difference = 11.288, 95% CI [2.65, 19.92], p = 0.004. In a hierarchical regression analysis both examiner age (β = 0.297, p &lt; 0.001) and examiner rating of importance of the alliance (β = 0.164, p = 0.010) were independent predictors of alliance ratings.

Conclusions
The study found that clinician ratings of the working alliance were associated with clinician age, gender, and investment in the alliance. Findings add to a limited but growing body of literature on the alliance within neuropsychology.
B - 118 Exploration of Supplemental Recognition Measures for the RBANS
Authors: Golla Megan , Golla Lauren 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
RBANS is a widely used cognitive screener that lacks memory recognition measures for 2 recall tasks. Performance on verbal and visual recognition measures, relative to recall, may help inform clinical decision-making and treatment planning. Our pilot project aims to understand how individuals with valid cognitive data and normal memory functioning perform on newly developed RBANS story and figure memory recognition tests.

Method
Of those referred for outpatient neuropsychological assessment at a veterans hospital between 2017–2024, 89 received the newly established recognition measures as part of their clinical evaluation. Our analysis included veterans that displayed valid profiles (TOMM trial 1 ≥ 45, n = 53). Assessment occurred 30% face-to-face and 70% telehealth. In addition to key demographic factors listed in table 1, race/ethnicity breakdown included: 92% White, 4% Black, 2% Asian, 2% Hispanic. These veterans were subdivided into 3 intact memory groups: list recall (≥ 25%ile, n = 31), story recall (≥ 25%ile, n = 37), figure recall (≥ 25%ile, n = 42) to determine average recognition performances across domains.

Results
The individuals with valid cognitive data and normal memory recall performed as listed in table 1. Although our novel story and figure recognition measures differ from those published in Duff et al. (2021), our pilot project data largely overlapped with their reported findings despite demographic differences.

Conclusion(s)
These novel recognition scores can help establish normal story and figure recognition performance to assist with clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. With greater and more diverse samples, we may be able to establish relative cut points for expected recognition memory performances across intact, amnestic/cortical, and vascular/subcortical.
B - 120 Participant Satisfaction with Tele-Neuropsychology: the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Muller Emma V , Walsh Lindsey K , Devine Sherral , Gifford Katherine , Sunderaraman Preeti , Liu Yulin , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Mez Jesse , Au Rhoda , Gurnani Ashita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Tele-neuropsychological assessments (tele-np) have grown in importance since the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing for ongoing surveillance of underserved remote participant populations when traditional in-person evaluations are not practical, convenient, or possible. However, literature addressing satisfaction and acceptance with tele-np is scarce. This study examines participants’ satisfaction with a unique tele-np protocol in a cohort-based epidemiological study, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).

Methods
FHS participants who have completed a tele-np evaluation via HIPAA-compliant Zoom since 2021 were included. Tele-np participants completed the same protocol as in-person evaluations. Record forms and a digital pen to capture drawing tasks and Boston Process Approach variables are mailed with a return label to participants. Participants provided feedback on their experience on four, five-point Likert scale questions (1 = strongly negative, 5 = strongly positive).

Results
Sixty-three largely college-educated (87.30%) participants, with average age of 74.28 years (SD = 7.82), 47.62% female, representing 21 US states completed a tele-np visit. Average completion time was 78.74 minutes (SD = 10.78). 94.83% reported a positive overall experience (M = 4.47, SD = 0.71) with tele-np protocol. Participants reported positive experiences with the use of video conferencing (M = 4.33, SD = 0.73), shipping and test-related materials (M = 4.52, SD = 0.60), and clarity of instructions (M = 4.53, SD = 0.54).

Conclusions
Older adults positively relate to a tele-np protocol that allows for robust remote assessment of cognition. Tele-np is a feasible and acceptable mode for large scale neuropsychological data collection in older adults and can minimize attrition due to travel limitations. Continued study of participant feedback is imperative as tele-np is expanded to improve accessibility for underserved and diverse populations.
B - 123 Examining the Utility of a Short-Form Letter Fluency Task: a Lifespan Analysis Using the D-KEFS Verbal Fluency Test
Authors: Kheradbin Nusha , Bunner Melissa R , Eisenstat Lauren N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The D-KEFS Verbal Fluency Test (VF) is a commonly used measure of a variety of executive functions with three separate components: Letter Fluency (FAS), Category Fluency and Category Switching. This study will solely explore the FAS, a measure of phonemic fluency and lexical access. Prior research in cognitively impaired adults suggested a potential for a short-form version of the test. This project seeks to validate these findings across different age groups. The hypothesis predicts a positive correlation between words produced in the 1–15 second interval for the letter F and the total FAS score, which includes three 60-second intervals for each letter.

Method
The study involved 99 patients aged 10 to 88 (X ̅: 38.77; males = 50) referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient assessed the relationship between the initial 15-second FAS interval and the total raw score.

Results
The Pearson correlation coefficient shows a moderate positive correlation between the 15 second interval for the letter F and FAS total score (r = 0.435). Further, this correlation is significant, (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The study suggests that the initial 15-second FAS interval effectively predicts overall performance across pediatric and adult populations. This underscores the potential for a short-form Letter Fluency component as a valuable addition to clinical assessments. Short forms could alleviate patient frustration and maintain motivation during testing, enhancing the utility of cognitive measures like the D-KEFS FAS in clinical settings.
B - 124 Neuropsychological Evaluation of Chinese Speaking Patients with Parkinson’s Disease for Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Jiang Yirou , Zhang Belinda , DeVaughn Saskia , Rengifo Johanna , Peery Shelley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Neuropsychological evaluation is a critical part of standardized workup of candidates with Parkinson’s disease (PD) for deep brain stimulation (DBS), identifying patients with cognitive dysfunction (Okun et al., 2006). Existing literature has primarily involved native English speakers with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), informing treatment planning (Troster et al., 2018). This case series aims to address the gap for Chinese-speaking patients, by describing Chinese neuropsychological measures and norms sensitive to MCI.

Method
Six cases of first-generation Chinese immigrants diagnosed with PD considering DBS were included in this study. They identified Chinese as their primary language and English as their second language. Duration of residency in the U.S. ranged from 11 to 44 years. The battery included Chinese version of the MOCA; Chinese WAIS-IV; Boston Naming Test (Cheung et al. 2004); semantic verbal fluency, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Color Trail Test (Lee and Wang, 2010); and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised Edition (BVMT-R) or RBANS: Figure Recall.

Results
Consistent with studies for native English speakers (Foley et al., 2018), cognitive declines were found in attention, memory, and executive function domains. Two of the six cases were diagnosed with MCI, which warrants caution before DBS.

Conclusions
This case series explores measures for Chinese speakers with PD undergoing evaluation for DBS surgery, highlighting cultural considerations, including Chinese measures and norms. This battery can help to differentiate cognitive impairments before proceeding with DBS. Given the diversity within this population and the scarcity of Chinese tools, more research is urgently needed.
B - 126 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms as a Predictor of Invalid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and General Psychiatric Symptom Reporting among Adult Neuropsychology Referrals
Authors: Piszczor Justyna , Shoemaker Bonnie E , Jones Mackenze , Soble Jason R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is complicated by the nonspecific nature of attention complaints, which overlap with most forms of internalizing psychopathology as well as elevated rates of invalid symptom overreporting. This study assessed the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and overreporting of both ADHD and general psychological symptoms.

Method
Data from 308 consecutive adults (mean age = 29.0; mean education = 16.09; 57.5% female, 42.5% male; 35% White, 27% Hispanic, 18% Black, 13% Asian, 7% Other) referred for neuropsychological evaluation of possible ADHD were administered the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and embedded symptom validity tests (SVTs) on the Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult (CAT-A) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Patients were classified as overreporting/no overreporting ADHD and general psychiatric symptoms based on elevations on the CAT-A and MMPI-2-RF overreporting SVTs, respectively.

Results
Logistic regressions showed that higher PCL-5 scores significantly predicted overreporting of both ADHD symptoms on CAT-A (X2 = 7.47, p = 0.006; Classification Accuracy = 85.1%; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.04; B.025; p = 0.007) and psychiatric symptoms on MMPI-2-RF (X2 = 58.76, p &lt; 0.001; Classification Accuracy = 71.4%; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.35; B = -1.92; p &lt; 0.001), with significantly greater variance predicted for overreporting of psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusions
Higher PTSD symptoms predicted overreporting of ADHD symptoms (CAT-A) and, more significantly, broad psychopathology (MMPI-2-RF). Findings reinforce the necessity of SVTs when evaluating ADHD among adults, particularly in the context of elevated PTSD symptoms, and also indicate that neuropsychologists should consider routinely assessing patients’ trauma history/symptomatology during ADHD evaluations to improve diagnostic accuracy.