bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A damped Newton variational inversion method for SAR wind retrieval
Authors: Jiang Zhuhui , Li Yuanxiang , Yu Fangjie , Chen Ge , Yu Wenxian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe variational inversion for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind retrieval can take all sources' errors into account, but its iterative computation is very time consuming. For the wind vectors, (u, v) components are commonly used for variational inversion, but they are not intuitive for practical applications. In this paper, we modify the decomposition of wind vectors in the cost function into wind speed and wind direction and adopt the damped Newton method (DNVAR) to solve the cost function. Experimental results on simulated data show that DNVAR can effectively reduce background wind vector errors. Additionally, the average number of iterations is reduced drastically compared to prior arts. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between direct SAR wind retrieval (DIRECT) and DNVAR is performed. Simulations reveal that the DNVAR errors are smaller than the background wind vector errors in all considered cases. Thus, DNVAR could be employed to retrieve SAR sea surface wind. For practical applications, when the background wind speed is within moderate and high wind speed range, DNVAR has higher accuracy and is thus preferred. Otherwise, both DNVAR and DIRECT are feasible, considering the unknown actual errors of both background wind vectors and geophysical model function. Experimental results on Envisat/advanced synthetic aperture radar data show that the wind speed accuracy of DIRECT is largely affected by the background wind direction errors, but DNVAR can reduce the wind direction errors with minor effect on the wind speed errors in comparison with the background wind errors.
Dominance of pollutant aerosols over an urban region and its impact on boundary layer temperature profile
Authors: Talukdar Shamitaksha , Jana Soumyajyoti , Maitra Animesh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCollocated measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and black carbon at different wavelengths over Kolkata, an urban region in eastern India, have been used to calculate aerosol single‐scattering albedo (SSA). The wavelength dependence of SSA and AOD has been presented to discriminate the aerosol types over this highly populated metropolitan area. The spectral pattern shows that SSA decreases with wavelength for most of the time in a year and corresponding Ångström coefficient is greater than unity. These optical properties indicate the dominance of fine‐mode pollutant particles over the city. The temperature lapse rate profile within the surface boundary layer has been found to be significantly influenced by the heating effect of fine‐mode pollutants, and consequently, the growth of the convective processes in the lower troposphere is notably affected. In addition, a back trajectory analysis has also been presented to indicate that transported air masses can have significant impact on spectral pattern of SSA.
Intrawave sand suspension in the shoaling and surf zone of a field‐scale laboratory beach
Authors: Brinkkemper J. A. , de Bakker A. T. M. , Ruessink B. G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractShort‐wave sand transport in morphodynamic models is often based solely on the near‐bed wave‐orbital motion, thereby neglecting the effect of ripple‐induced and surface‐induced turbulence on sand transport processes. Here sand stirring was studied using measurements of the wave‐orbital motion, turbulence, ripple characteristics, and sand concentration collected on a field‐scale laboratory beach under conditions ranging from irregular nonbreaking waves above vortex ripples to plunging waves and bores above subdued bed forms. Turbulence and sand concentration were analyzed as individual events and in a wave phase‐averaged sense. The fraction of turbulence events related to suspension events is relatively high (∼50%), especially beneath plunging waves. Beneath nonbreaking waves with vortex ripples, the sand concentration close to the bed peaks right after the maximum positive wave‐orbital motion and shows a marked phase lag in the vertical, although the peak in concentration at higher elevations does not shift to beyond the positive to negative flow reversal. Under plunging waves, concentration peaks beneath the wavefront without any notable phase lags in the vertical. In the inner‐surf zone (bores), the sand concentration remains phase coupled to positive wave‐orbital motion, but the concentration decreases with distance toward the shoreline. On the whole, our observations demonstrate that the wave‐driven suspended load transport is onshore and largest beneath plunging waves, while it is small and can also be offshore beneath shoaling waves. To accurately predict wave‐driven sand transport in morphodynamic models, the effect of surface‐induced turbulence beneath plunging waves should thus be included.
Vergleich der CPT‐basierten direkten Berechnungsverfahren nach EA‐Pfähle und ICP‐05 für Fertigrammpfähle
Authors: Becker Patrick , Lüking Jan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAnhand der vorliegenden Datenbanken der EA‐Pfähle mit einer Gesamtanzahl von mehr als 1 000 Probebelastungsergebnissen wird exemplarisch für zwei ausgewählte Fertigrammpfahlarten die Anwendung von sogenannten halbempirischen direkten CPT‐Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Pfahlwiderstands untersucht. Der Vergleich der Pfahltragfähigkeit des britischen Verfahrens ICP‐05 mit den Verfahren der EA‐Pfähle für Stahlrohrrammpfähle (offen und geschlossen) und Fertigrammpfähle aus Stahlbeton führt zu deutlichen Unterschieden in der Bemessung. Bei einer Öffnung der nationalen Normen und Regelwerke für internationale Berechnungsverfahren fehlen somit Bewertungsmöglichkeiten zur Anwendung, insbesondere zur Einschätzung des Sicherheitsniveaus dieser Berechnungs verfahren.Basierend auf den Erfahrungswerten für die Pfahlwiderstände nach EA‐Pfähle wird in diesem Beitrag das ICP‐05‐Verfahren für ein vergleichbares Sicherheitsniveau mit 10 %‐ und 50 %‐Quantilen kalibriert. Die Anpassungsfaktoren sind für beide Quantilbereiche und für die vorgenannten Pfahlsysteme in Abhängigkeit vom Spitzenwiderstand der Drucksonde und Pfahldurchmesser formuliert worden.
Producing desulfurized biogas through removal of sulfate in the first‐stage of a two‐stage anaerobic digestion
Authors: Yun Yeo‐Myeong , Sung Shihwu , Shin Hang‐Sik , Han Jong‐In , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Dong‐Hoon 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present work, a two‐stage anaerobic digestion system (TSADS) was newly designed to produce biogas with a greatly reduced H2S content. The role of first (sulfidogenic)‐stage digester was not only acidogenesis but also sulfidogenesis (sulfate reduction to H2S), which would minimize the input of H2S‐producing source in the followed second (methanogenic)‐stage digester. For the coexistence of acidogens and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sulfidogenic‐stage digester, it was found that pH played a crucial role. The acidogenic activity was not affected within a pH range of 4.5–6.0, while it was important to maintain a pH at 5.5 to achieve a sulfate removal efficiency over 70%. The highest sulfate removal attained was 78% at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 h at pH 5.5 ± 0.1. The H2S content in the biogas produced in the conventional single‐stage digester (SSAD), used as a control, reached 1,650 ± 25 ppmv. In contrast, the biogas produced in the methanogenic‐stage digester of the developed process had an H2S content of 200 ± 15 ppmv. Microbial analysis, done by the next generation sequencing technique, clearly showed the changes in community under different operating conditions. Desulfovibrio bastinii (4.9%) played a key role in sulfate removal in the sulfidogenic‐stage of the TSADS owing to its characteristics of a short doubling time and growth in an acidic environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 970–979. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knockout of a difficult‐to‐remove CHO host cell protein, lipoprotein lipase, for improved polysorbate stability in monoclonal antibody formulations
Authors: Chiu Josephine , Valente Kristin N. , Levy Nicholas E. , Min Lie , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTWhile the majority of host cell protein (HCP) impurities are effectively removed in typical downstream purification processes, a small population of HCPs are particularly challenging. Previous studies have identified HCPs that are challenging for a variety of reasons. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)—a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) HCP that functions to hydrolyze esters in triglycerides—was one of ten HCPs identified in previous studies as being susceptible to retention in downstream processing. LPL may degrade polysorbate 80 (PS‐80) and polysorbate 20 (PS‐20) in final product formulations due to the structural similarity between polysorbates and triglycerides. In this work, recombinant LPL was found to have enzymatic activity against PS‐80 and PS‐20 in a range of solution conditions that are typical of mAb formulations. LPL knockout CHO cells were created with CRISPR and TALEN technologies and resulting cell culture harvest fluid demonstrated significantly reduced polysorbate degradation without significant impact on cell viability when compared to wild‐type samples. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1006–1015. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Mode of Action of Essential Oils against Paenibacillus larvae, Etiological Agent of American Foulbrood on Apis mellifera
Authors: Pellegrini María C. , Alonso‐Salces Rosa M. , Umpierrez María L. , Rossini Carmen , Fuselli Sandra R. 
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of Aloysia polystachia, Acantholippia seriphioides, Schinus molle, Solidago chilensis, Lippia turbinata, Minthostachys mollis, Buddleja globosa, and Baccharis latifolia essential oils (EOs), and to evaluate their antibacterial activities and their capacity to provoke membrane disruption in Paenibacillus larvae, the bacteria that causes the American Foulbrood (AFB) disease on honey bee larvae. The relationship between the composition of the EOs and these activities on P. larvae was also analyzed. Monoterpenes were the most abundant compounds in all EOs. All EOs showed antimicrobial activity against P. larvae and disrupted the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of P. larvae provoking the leakage of cytoplasmic constituents (with the exception of B. latifolia EO). While, the EOs’ antimicrobial activity was correlated most strongly to the content of pulegone, carvone, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, δ‐cadinene, camphene, terpinen‐4‐ol, elemol, β‐pinene, β‐elemene, γ‐cadinene, α‐terpineol, and bornyl acetate; the volatiles that better explained the membrane disruption were carvone, limonene, cis‐carvone oxide, pentadecane, trans‐carvyl acetate, trans‐carvone oxide, trans‐limonene oxide, artemisia ketone, trans‐carveol, thymol, and γ‐terpinene (positively correlated) and biciclogermacrene, δ‐2‐carene, verbenol, α‐pinene, and α‐thujene (negatively correlated). The studied EOs are proposed as natural alternative means of control for the AFB disease.
Variations in Chemical Composition, Vasorelaxant and Angiotensin I‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Seseli pallasii Besser (Apiaceae)
Authors: Suručić Relja , Kundaković Tatjana , Lakušić Branislava , Drakul Dragana , Milovanović Slobodan R. , Kovačević Nada 
Published: December 2016

The present paper describes environmental and seasonal‐related chemical composition variations, vasorelaxant and angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) activities of essential oil from aerial parts of Seseli pallasii Besser. The composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Monoterpenes were found to be the most abundant chemical class with α‐pinene (42.7 – 48.2%) as the most prevalent component. Seseli pallasi essential oil relaxed isolated endothelium‐intact mesenteric arteries rings precontracted with phenylephrine with IC50 = 3.10 nl/ml (IC50 = 2.70 μg/ml). Also, S. pallasii essential oil was found to exhibit a dose‐dependent ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.33 mg/ml. In silico evaluation of ACE inhibitory activity of the individual components showed that spathulenol exhibited the best binding affinity with ACE, and the lowest binding energy of −7.5 kcal/mol. The results suggested that combination of vasorelaxing and ACE inhibitory effects of the analyzed S. pallasii essential oil might have the potential therapeutic significance in hypertension.
Alcohol‐Enhanced Cu‐Mediated Radiofluorination
Authors: Zischler Johannes , Kolks Niklas , Modemann Daniel , Neumaier Bernd , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe potential of many 18F‐labeled (hetero)aromatics for applications in positron emission tomography remains underexplored because convenient procedures for their radiosynthesis are lacking. Consequently, simple methods to prepare radiofluorinated (hetero)arenes are highly sought after. Herein, we report the beneficial effect of primary and secondary alcohols on Cu‐mediated 18F‐labeling. This observation contradicts the assumption that such alcohols are inappropriate solvents for aromatic fluorination. Therefore, we developed a protocol for rapid radiolabeling of an extraordinarily broad scope of boronic and stannyl substrates under general reaction conditions. Notably, radiofluorinated indoles, phenols, and anilines were synthesized directly from the corresponding unprotected precursors. Furthermore, the novel method enabled the preparation of radiofluorinated tryptophans, [18F]F‐DPA, [18F]DAA1106, 6‐[18F]FDA, and 6‐[18F]FDOPA.
Organometallic Fe–Fe Interactions: Beyond Common Metal–Metal Bonds and Inverse Mixed‐Valent Charge Transfer
Authors: Ringenberg Mark R. , Schwilk Max , Wittkamp Florian , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe compounds [Fe(CO)3(dRpf)]n+, n=0, 1, 2 and dRpf=1,1′‐bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene ([1]n+) or 1,1′‐bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene ([2]n+), were obtained as two‐step reversible redox systems by photolytic and redox reactions. The iron–iron distance decreases from about 4 Å to about 3 Å on oxidation, which takes place primarily at the tricarbonyliron moiety. Whereas ferrocene oxidation is calculated to occur only in excited states, the near infrared absorptions of the mixed‐valent monocations are due to an unprecedented “inverse” inter‐valence charge transfer from the electron‐rich iron(II) in the ferrocene backbone to the electron‐deficient tricarbonyliron(I). Protonation of complex 1 results in the formation of the structurally characterized hydride [1H]BF4, which reacts with acetone to form the dication, 12+, and isopropanol. While the hydride [2H]BF4 was found to be unstable, protonation of 2 in acetone resulted in the clean formation of 22+, formally a hydrogen transfer.
Combinatorial optimization of DNA sequence analysis on heterogeneous systems
Authors: Memeti Suejb , Pllana Sabri 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAnalysis of DNA sequences is a data and computational intensive problem, and therefore, it requires suitable parallel computing resources and algorithms. In this paper, we describe our parallel algorithm for DNA sequence analysis that determines how many times a pattern appears in the DNA sequence. The algorithm is engineered for heterogeneous platforms that comprise a host with multi‐core processors and one or more many‐core devices. For combinatorial optimization, we use the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimization goal is to determine the number of threads, thread affinities, and DNA sequence fractions for host and device, such that the overall execution time of DNA sequence analysis is minimized. We evaluate our approach experimentally using real‐world DNA sequences of various organisms on a heterogeneous platform that comprises two Intel Xeon E5 processors and an Intel Xeon Phi 7120P co‐processing device. By running only about 5% of possible experiments, our optimization method finds a near‐optimal system configuration for DNA sequence analysis that yields with average speedup of 1.6 × and 2 × compared with the host‐only and device‐only execution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bandwidth extension, linearity enhancement, and cost reduction techniques for continuous‐time channel‐select filters
Authors: Mojarad Mortaza , Kamarei Mahmoud 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAchieving a wide bandwidth in a conventional active‐RC filter requires large power consumption and is often accompanied by significant performance degradation. In this paper, a new structure to implement active‐RC continuous‐time filters and also a new frequency compensation scheme for the operational amplifiers that are the main building blocks of active‐RC filters are proposed. Exploiting these techniques increases the maximum possible bandwidth with lower power consumption in comparison with the conventional architectures, reduces die area, and enhances the dynamic range. The effectiveness of these methods has been verified by analysis and simulation of the conventional and proposed filters under identical conditions. Both the analytical investigations and extensive simulation results prove that the adopted techniques improve the performance of continuous‐time filters considerably in terms of bandwidth and linearity while reducing the die area. Simulations have been carried out in a standard 90‐nm CMOS process by using Advanced Design System (ADS), and the proposed filter features 11.08‐dB spurious‐free dynamic range improvement and 5.9 times bandwidth enhancement. Also, the total on‐chip capacitance is made 2.4 times smaller by using the new biquad structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales
Authors: van der Hoop Julie , Corkeron Peter , Moore Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIndividuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an unnatural but relatively common circumstance that imposes energetic demands of a similar order of magnitude and duration of life‐history events such as migration and pregnancy in large whales. We present two complementary bioenergetic approaches to estimate the energy associated with entanglement in North Atlantic right whales, and compare these estimates to the natural energetic life history of individual whales. Differences in measured blubber thicknesses and estimated blubber volumes between normal and entangled, emaciated whales indicate between 7.4 × 1010 J and 1.2 × 1011 J of energy are consumed during the course to death of a lethal entanglement. Increased thrust power requirements to overcome drag forces suggest that when entangled, whales require 3.95 × 109 to 4.08 × 1010 J more energy to swim. Individuals who died from their entanglements performed significantly more work (energy expenditure × time) than those that survived; entanglement duration is therefore critical in determining whales’ survival. Significant sublethal energetic impacts also occur, especially in reproductive females. Drag from fishing gear contributes up to 8% of the 4‐year female reproductive energy budget, delaying time of energetic equilibrium (to restore energy lost by a particular entanglement) for reproduction by months to years. In certain populations, chronic entanglement in fishing gear can be viewed as a costly unnatural life‐history stage, rather than a rare or short‐term incident.
Resting heart rate is an independent predictor of death in patients with colorectal, pancreatic, and non‐small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective cardiovascular long‐term study
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Ebner Nicole , Hildebrandt Bert , Springer Jochen , Sinn Marianne , Riess Hanno , Anker Stefan D. , Landmesser Ulf , Haverkamp Wilhelm , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsPatients with advanced cancer have been shown to suffer from abnormal cardiac function and impaired exercise capacity that may contribute to their impaired quality of life. As tachycardia is considered as a sign of potential early cardiac damage, we sought to determine whether resting heart rate and other ECG‐derived variables have prognostic value.Methods and resultsFrom 2005 to 2010, we enrolled 145 patients with histologically confirmed cancer (36 colorectal, 72 pancreatic, and 37 non‐small cell lung cancer patients) and 59 healthy controls. During a mean follow‐up of 27 months, 82 patients (57%) died from any cause. The mean resting heart rate of healthy subjects was 70 ± 13 b.p.m., and that of cancer patients was 79 ± 14 b.p.m. (P< 0.0001). As a sensitivity analysis, we excluded control subjects taking a beta‐blocker, but resting heart rate remained increased in cancer patients vs. controls (P < 0.0001). Resting heart rate ≥75 b.p.m. [hazard ratio (HR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–2.94; P = 0.01] significantly predicted survival in univariable analyses and remained an independent predictor of survival in a multivariate model (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01–2.78; P = 0.04). Furthermore, the heart rate stayed significant in a second model that included age and sex as well.ConclusionThe present study is the first to show that resting heart rate independently of haemoglobin and tumour stage predicts survival in patients with advanced colorectal, pancreatic, and non‐small cell lung cancer, and may therefore represent a therapeutic target.
Verification of protein biomarker specificity for the identification of biological stains by quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Legg Kevin M. , Powell Roger , Reisdorph Nichole , Reisdorph Rick , Danielson Phillip B. 
Published: December 2016

Advances in proteomics technology over the past decade offer forensic serologists a greatly improved opportunity to accurately characterize the tissue source from which a DNA profile has been developed. Such information can provide critical context to evidence and can help to prioritize downstream DNA analyses. Previous proteome studies compiled panels of “candidate biomarkers” specific to each of five body fluids (i.e., peripheral blood, vaginal/menstrual fluid, seminal fluid, urine, and saliva). Here, a multiplex quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry assay has been developed in order to verify the tissue/body fluid specificity the 23 protein biomarkers that comprise these panels and the consistency with which they can be detected across a sample population of 50 humans. Single‐source samples of these human body fluids were accurately identified by the detection of one or more high‐specificity biomarkers. Recovery of body fluid samples from a variety of substrates did not impede accurate characterization and, of the potential inhibitors assayed, only chewing tobacco juice appeared to preclude the identification of a target body fluid. Using a series of 2‐component mixtures of human body fluids, the multiplex assay accurately identified both components in a single‐pass. Only in the case of saliva and peripheral blood did matrix effects appear to impede the detection of salivary proteins.