bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distinction between two instruments measuring dispositional mindfulness and the correlations between those measurements and the neuroanatomical structure
Authors: Zhuang Kaixiang , Bi Minghua , Li Yu , Xia Yunman , Guo Xuehua , Chen Qunlin , Du Xue , Wang Kangcheng , Wei Dongtao , Yin Huazhan , Qiu Jiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe most widely used measurements of mindfulness are the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). However, controversies exist regarding the application of these scales. Additionally, the neural mechanisms of dispositional mindfulness havebecome a topic of interest. In the current study, we used surface-based methodology to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in dispositional mindfulness in a large non-clinical sampleand compared the two instruments for measuring the dispositional mindfulness. The results indicated that theMAAS scores were significantly associated with increased greymatter volumes in the right precuneus and the significant association between the precuneus and depression symptomatology was mediated by MAAS scores. Regarding the FFMQ, the Describing, Nonjudging, and Nonreactivity facets were selectively associated with the cortical volume, thickness and surface area of multiple prefrontal regions as well as the inferior parietal lobule. Importantly, Describing mediated the association between the dorsolateral PFC volume and the cognitive reappraisal strategies of emotion regulation. These resultssuggested that the MAASwere mainly associated with self-awareness, while the FFMQ facets were selectively involved in emotion regulation, attention control and self-awareness. Therefore, this study characterized the differences in inter-individual variability between the two typical measurements of dispositional mindfulnessand the correlations between those measurements and imaging analyses.
Nomogram predicted risk of peripherally inserted central catheter related thrombosis
Authors: Hao Nan , Xie Xin , Zhou Zhangjian , Li Jieqiong , Kang Li , Wu Huili , Guo Pingli , Dang Chengxue , Zhang Hao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) is increasing rapidly worldwide. A number of patient-related, clinical-related and device-related characteristics might be risk factors for PICC-related thrombosis. We retrospectively reviewed a database of 320 consecutive patients who underwent PICC insertion between December 2014 and December 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University to explore the potential associations between risk factors and PICC-associated thrombosis. A novel nomogram for predicting risk was developed based on the data. The nomogram prediction model included ten risk factors that were derived from different relevant estimates. The nomogram prediction model showed good discriminatory power (Harrell’s C-index, 0.709) and a high degree of similarity to actual thrombosis occurring after calibration. Furthermore, principal component analysis was performed to identify the factors that most influence PICC-related thrombosis. Our novel nomogram thrombosis risk prediction model was accurate in predicting PICC-related thrombosis. Karnofsky performance scores, D-dimer and blood platelet levels and previous chemotherapy were principal components. Our findings might help clinicians predict thrombosis risk in individual patients, select proper therapeutic strategies and optimize the timing of anticoagulation therapy.
A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin from the sea mussel Crenomytilus grayanus modulates immune response in macrophages and in mice
Authors: Chernikov Oleg V. , Wong Wei-Ting , Li Lan-Hui , Chikalovets Irina V. , Molchanova Valentina I. , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Liao Jiahn-Haur , Hua Kuo-Feng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin (CGL) from the edible mussel Crenomytilus grayanus has been demonstrated to exhibit antibacterial properties. However, the mechanism of immune modulation by CGL in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CGL can activate immune responses in macrophages and in mice. In the in vitro cell models, CGL induced tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 secretion in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, human THP-1 macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The CGL-mediated cytokine production was regulated by reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C-α/δ and NF-κB. Interestingly, in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, CGL induced endotoxin tolerance (characterized by the downregulation of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase II) via the downregulation of IRAK2 expression, JNK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. CGL also slightly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages and induced cytokine production in mouse models. Overall, our data indicate that CGL has the potential to be used as an immune modulator in mammals.
Updating the list of known opioids through identification and characterization of the new opioid derivative 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide (U-49900)
Authors: Fabregat-Safont D. , Carbón X. , Ventura M. , Fornís I. , Guillamón E. , Sancho J. V. , Hernández F. , Ibáñez M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNew psychoactive substances have been rapidly growing in popularity in the drug market as non-illegal drugs. In the last few years, an increment has been reported on the use of synthetic alternatives to heroin, the synthetic opioids. Based on the information provided by the European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction, these synthetic opioids have been related to overdoses and deaths in Europe and North America. One of these opioids is the U-47700. A few months ago, U-47700 was scheduled in the U.S. and other countries, and other opioid derivatives have been appearing in order to replace it. One of these compounds is U-49900, an analog of U-47700. A white powder sample was obtained from an anonymous user in Spain. After an accurate characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and single-crystal X-ray diffraction; and complemented by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectrophotometry, the drug sample was unequivocally identified as U-49900. The information provided will be useful for the Early Warning System and forensic laboratories for future identifications of the U-49900, as well as in tentative identifications of other related opioids.
Ambident Reactivity of Nitroso Compounds for Direct Amination and Hydroxylation of Carbonyls
Authors: Dana Suman , Ramakrishna Isai , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: July 2017

Functionalization of carbonyls, particularly with a heteroatom subunit, is an important synthetic transformation. Utilization of ambident electrophiles for such a strategy is advantageous because two different heteroatom units can be installed from a single source under judicial reaction conditions. Recently, there have been increased examples for the construction of C–O and C–N bonds using nitroso compounds, a prototype of ambident electrophiles. In this short review, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exploiting nitroso compounds in organic synthesis with specific focus on nitroso aldol type processes for the direct hydroxylation and amination of carbonyl compounds.1	Introduction2	Prime Challenges in Nitroso Aldol Reactions3	Direct Hydroxylation Reactions4	Direct Amination Reactions5	Conclusion and Outlook
Design and Synthesis of Two-Photon Responsive Chromophores for Near-Infrared Light-Induced Uncaging Reactions
Authors: Abe Manabu , Chitose Youhei , Jakkampudi Satish , Thuy Pham , Lin Qianghua , Van Bui , Yamada Ayato , Oyama Ryoko , Sasaki Miyu , Katan Claudine 
Published: July 2017

Near-infrared two-photon (TP)-induced photorelease (uncaging) of bioactive molecules such as drugs has attracted considerable attention because of its ability to elucidate mechanistic aspects of biological processes. This short review summarizes recent developments in the design and synthesis of TP-responsive chromophores.1	Introduction2	Molecular Design of TP-Responsive Organic Chromophores for ‘Caging & Uncaging’2.1	π-Conjugation2.2	A Dipolar System2.3	A Quadrupolar System2.4	An Octupolar System3	Recent Developments of TP Uncaging Reactions3.1	4-Methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl Caged Auxins3.2	Uncaging of GABA and Tryptophan Using TP-Induced Electron-Transfer Reactions3.3	Effect of Position Isomery in Aminoquinoline-Derived Photolabile Protecting Groups (PPGs)3.4	Cooperative Dyads for TP Uncaging3.5	Caged Calcium with a Bis-styrylthiophene Backbone3.6	Cloaked Caged Compounds3.7	Three-Dimensional Control of DNA Hybridization by Orthogonal Two-Color TP Uncaging3.8	TP-Induced Release of Diethyl Phosphate (DEP) and ATP4	Our Contribution to TP Uncaging Reactions5	Summary
Terminal Condylar Facets of the Femur: Implications for Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kotgirwar Sheetal , Deopujari Rashmi , Sinha Urmila , Trivedi Soumitra , Lalwani Rekha , Athavale Sunita 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn wake of changing lifestyle and increasing surgical expertise, knee replacement surgeries have become common. Attempts at improving the postoperative range of motion have prompted high-flexion knee arthroplasties. Consequently, there is a need to study the anatomy of knee joint in high flexion. This study focused on a holistic description of terminal condylar articular facet (TCAF; part of the femoral articular area in contact with the tibia in high flexion) of medial and lateral condyles and their quantification. In total, 104 dry femora and 16 dissected cadaveric knee joints (10 adult and 6 fetal) were studied. In most cases, the medial TCAF showed a tongue- or wedge-shaped extension in its lateral half, which has been referred to as extended condylar facet (ECF). The surface area of the ECF was approximately 0.5 cm2. In adult cadaveric dissections, the fibrous capsule showed the lax attachment beyond the ECF, thus creating a cave in the medial tibiofemoral compartment. These features were absent in fetal dissection. The presence of an ECF has not been documented in dry bones and has not been quantified. The variability of the size of this extension supports the hypothesis of this being an acquired trait. This study is expected to provide factual data for implant design improvement and a new anthropological data on Indian femora.
Radiographic and Functional Outcomes following Knee Arthrodesis Using the Wichita Fusion Nail
Authors: McQuail Paula , Baker Joseph , Green James , Keogh Peter , Kenny Patrick , McCartney Ben 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report both the radiographic and functional outcomes of patients undergoing knee arthrodesis with the Wichita Fusion Nail (WFN) within the Republic of Ireland and compare the results to existing literature. Patient charts and radiographs were reviewed on all patients who had a WFN implanted in Ireland to date. Patients were invited to complete a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score as a functional assessment. Twenty-three patients were identified. Patients had an average of 8 (range: 0–26) knee surgeries prior to arthrodesis. The most common indication was failed arthroplasty due to recalcitrant infection (69.5%). Successful fusion occurred in 60.8% of patients. The mean time to fusion was 9.21 months. The mean WOMAC score was 58.55 with a range of 31 to 96. We found a rate of arthrodesis lower than that reported in other published series. However, the rate of major complications was comparable to those published previously, reflecting the often-challenging patient cohort. Our study shows that the WFN should not be viewed as a near-universally successful option to salvage an unreconstructable knee.
Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität, Selbstwert und Gesundheitsverhalten durchschnittlich 6 Jahre nach einem ambulanten Adipositastherapieprogramm
Authors: Menrath Ingo , Gminder Angelika , Hiort Olaf , Thyen Ute 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Leitlinien empfehlen für adipöse Kinder multimodale Programme zur Gewichtsreduktion. Zu wenige Studien existieren zum langfristigen Erfolg dieser Programme. Auch erfassen wenige Studien neben dem Gewicht die psychische Gesundheit und das Gesundheitsverhalten. In dieser Studie werden das Gewicht, die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (LQ), der Selbstwert und das Gesundheitsverhalten im Langzeitverlauf nach einem ambulanten Adipositastherapieprogramm untersucht.
Patienten und Methodik Zwischen 2005 und 2009 nahmen 84 Kinder und Jugendliche (57% weiblich, mittleres Alter 12,8 Jahre) und ihre Eltern an einem 10-monatigen, multimodalen Therapieprogramm teil. 55 Teilnehmer wurden vor (T0) bzw. nach (T1) dem Programm und mind. 3 Jahre nach Programmbeginn (T2) untersucht. Erfasst wurden der BMI-SDS und mit standardisierten Fragebögen die gesundheitsbezogene LQ, der Selbstwert, die sportliche Aktivität und das Essverhalten.
Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich 6 Jahre nach Programmbeginn zeigte sich eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS um 0,4 im Vergleich zu Programmbeginn (p<0,01). Der Gesamtwert der gesundheitsbezogenen LQ stieg von 70,1±12,1 zu T0 auf 76,2±12,8 zu T2 an (p<0,05). Auch der Selbstwert ist von 54,0±23,4 zu T0 auf 65,0±21,5 zu T2 angestiegen (p<0,05). Außerdem waren die Jugendlichen im Langzeitverlauf sportlich aktiver (p<0,05), hatten mehr Interesse am Sport (p<0,001). Eine Verbesserung des Essverhaltens konnte nicht gezeigt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Neben einer Verbesserung des Gewichtes und des Bewegungsverhaltens geht die Teilnahme an einem multimodalen Therapieprogramm langfristig mit einer klinisch relevanten Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen LQ und des Selbstwertes einher. Die Stärkung dieser Schutzfaktoren kann das Risiko von Diskriminierung mindern und sollte in kontrollierten Studien weiter untersucht werden.
Behandlung der renalen Anämie
Authors: Biggar Patrick , von Gersdorff Gero 
Published: July 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAnämie stellt, ob als subjektiv empfundene Einschränkung oder als Marker interpretiert, ein signifikanter, prognostischer Parameter in der Entwicklung der CKD dar. Ausgehend von der Isolierung und Herstellung von EPO bzw. ESAs haben Studien gezeigt, dass eine Hb-Anhebung auf bis zu 10 g/dl mit klinischen Vorteilen einhergeht. Allerdings konnte bislang nicht überzeugend nachgewiesen werden, dass eine intensivierte Hb-Anhebung mittels exogener Zufuhr von EPO einen umfassenden Benefit für den Patienten bedeutet. Neuere Entwicklungen versprechen interessante Ansätze, in denen nicht nur die Erythropoese im engeren Sinne stimuliert wird, sondern darüber hinausgehende Mechanismen moduliert werden. Die Activin-Hemmung birgt das Potenzial nicht nur die Anämie, sondern auch den Mineral- und Knochenerkrankungen-Komplex (CKD-MBD) bei Niereninsuffizienz zu verbessern. Die HIF-Prolyl-Hydroxylase-Inhibitoren zeigen auch pleiotrope Wirkungen, die derzeit im Mittelpunkt weiterer Forschungen stehen. Allerdings bieten die konventionellen ESAs einen umfassenden Sicherheitsgrad, an dem die neueren Substanzen gemessen werden dürften. Die Entwicklung eines Blutschlauchsystems für die Hämodialyse stellt einen gänzlich anderen Ansatz dar, um die Anämie zu verbessern. Hier wird nicht eine Stimulierung der Erythropoese, sondern eine unverfängliche Reduzierung einer mechanischen Hämolyse während der Dialyse erreicht.
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDiese Effloreszenzen haben sich innerhalb weniger Wochen entwickelt. Die Patienten berichten von generalisiertem Juckreiz, Fieber und zunehmender Schwäche, diffusen Schmerzen in den Knochen und Infektanfälligkeit. Was könnte die Ursache sein?
Ist „begleitende Krebstherapie“ auf der Website zulässig?
Authors: Bramhoff Heinz-Georg 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDarf ich im Internet oder in meinem Praxisflyer schreiben, dass ich onkologische Patienten behandle? Gibt es rechtssichere Formulierungen, denn ich höre immer wieder, dass Kollegen abgemahnt werden, wenn beispielsweise „begleitende Krebstherapie“ auf der Webseite steht.
Metronome Chemotherapiekonzepte
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Ettl Johannes , Pukrop Tobias , Reichle Albrecht 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungErfolgreichere Therapien für Patienten mit metastasierten Karzinomen zu entwickeln, bleibt eine Herausforderung. In der palliativen Situation ist bei allen Wünschen an die Wirksamkeit immer auch die Lebensqualität zu berücksichtigen. Hier bietet das Konzept der metronomen Chemotherapie einen guten Ansatz, da hierdurch eine bessere Balance zwischen Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit erreicht werden kann. Grundelemente der metronomen Chemotherapie sind die regelmäßige Gabe von Zytostatika in niedriger Dosis mit dem Ziel einer wirksamen und gut verträglichen Therapie. Studien mit metronomer Chemotherapie bei metastasiertem Mammakarzinom weisen sogar auf eine vergleichbare Effektivität wie mit konventioneller Chemotherapie und eine geringere Toxizität hin. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst das Wissen um diese Form der Therapie zusammen und bezieht auch wesentliche Mechanismen des Tumorgeschehens – der Metastasierung, der Interaktion von Tumor und Stroma sowie der körpereigenen Tumorabwehr – mit ein, um die Wirkungsweise der metronomen Chemotherapie besser verstehen zu lernen.
Wenn Sportintervention nicht zum Erfolg führt
Authors: Böhm Anja , Weigert Cora 
Published: July 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Veränderung des Lebensstils mit einer erhöhten körperlichen Aktivität ist eine der wirksamsten Maßnahmen zur Prävention eines Diabetes mellitus. Allerdings profitieren nicht alle Teilnehmer eines Sportprogramms in gleichem Maße von einem bestimmten Training in Bezug auf eine Verbesserung von Blutdruck, Blutfetten, Gewichtsverlauf, Muskelaufbau, Blutzuckerwerten – oder auch der Insulinsensitivität. Die Ergebnisse einer neuen Sportinterventionsstudie zeigen, dass das Ausbleiben einer Verbesserung der Insulinsensitivität nach einem 8-wöchigen Ausdauertraining an muskulären Entzündungs- und Reparaturmechanismen liegen könnte. Jetzt gilt es zu klären, welche Trainingsvarianten bei solchen „Non-Respondern“ einen besseren Präventionserfolg mit sich bringen.
Attitudes towards Social Oocyte Freezing from a Socio-cultural Perspective
Authors: Schick Maren , Sexty Réka , Ditzen Beate , Wischmann Tewes 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction The tendency to delay parenthood is increasing. It is partly driven by the availability of early reproductive technologies such as social oocyte freezing, the cryopreservation of oocytes for non-medical purposes. The goal of this study was to investigate relationships between attitudes towards social oocyte freezing and different socio-cultural backgrounds in a German sample cohort.
Materials and Methods A quantitative online questionnaire was compiled. A total of 643 participants completed the questionnaire which included items on attitudes toward social oocyte freezing, socio-demographics and items, obtained from the German DELTA Institute for Social and Ecological Research, devised to indicate specific milieus. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods.
Results There were clear correlations between attitudes towards social oocyte freezing and socio-cultural background, gender, cohort age, fertility problems, and attitudes to fertility. Positive attitudes towards social oocyte freezing were linked to struggles with fertility, a current or general wish to have a child, and flexible, progressive and self-oriented values. Participants who preferred to become parents at a younger age tended to reject cryopreservation.
Conclusions The huge number of university graduates, persons with fertility problems, and persons from specific socio-cultural backgrounds in our sample point to distinct groups interested in reproductive technologies such as social oocyte freezing. The investigated differences as a function of socio-cultural background suggest that more research into the desire to have children in German society is needed. In conclusion, it may be necessary to develop targeted family planning interventions to prevent affected women from buying into a false sense of security, thereby risking unwanted childlessness.
Weaning Premature Infants from Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure – Current Practice and Scientific Evidence
Authors: Kidszun André , Arnold Christine , Winter Julia , Whybra-Trümpler Catharina , Mildenberger Eva 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Objective In the past decade, a number of trials have been conducted to determine the optimal strategy of weaning premature infants from nasal continuous airway pressure (nCPAP). However, a paucity of information exists on how weaning is actually performed in clinical routine. Aim of this study was to investigate the current practice of weaning premature infants from nCPAP in Germany.
Methods An online survey was performed in German tertiary care neonatal units.
Results All 160 German tertiary care units were contacted. Replies were retrieved from 85/160 (53%) units, of which 83/160 (52%) completed the questionnaire. 66/83 (80%) respondents indicated to wean without the use of formal written policies. In 44/83 (53%) units weaning decisions are made jointly between physicians and nurses, whereas physicians are the sole decision makers in 33/83 (40%) as are nurses in 6/83 (7%) units. Many units use more than one weaning strategy. 81/83 units (98%) gradually reduce nCPAP pressure as the initial step in the weaning process. 9/83 (11%) units stop nCPAP at standard criteria [CICADA (CeasIng nCpap At standarD criteriA) method] and 58/83 (70%) units use a cycling nCPAP on/off strategy. 52/83 (63%) of the responding units use nasal high flow at least at some point during the weaning process, either as a gradual weaning method or during nCPAP breaks.
Conclusion Weaning strategies from nCPAP vary widely in German tertiary care neonatal units. It appears that evidence is still insufficient to promote a distinct weaning strategy which in turn highlights the urgent need for further adequately powered clinical trials.
Leitlinientherapie bei renaler Anämie
Authors: Brandenburg Vincent 
Published: July 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine Anämie trägt zu den Symptomen einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz bei. Das Bestimmen von Blutbild und Parametern des Eisenhaushaltes gehört zum Routinemonitoring bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz. Grundlagen der Anämietherapie sind das Ausschalten von behandelbaren Ursachen, „iron first“ und eine vorsichtige Anhebung des Hb-Wertes auf ca. subphysiologische Werte (10–12 g/dl). Eine ESA-Gabe zur Anhebung des Hb-Wertes auf bis zu 13 g/dl ist ausdrücklich nicht zu empfehlen. Die niedrigstmögliche ESA-Dosis zur Erzielung des Hb-Zielbereiches sollte gewählt werden. Somit müssen Ursachen für ein vermindertes ESA-Ansprechen ausgeschaltet werden. Die häufigste ist ein Eisendefizit.
Das Akute Aortensyndrom
Authors: Akin Ibrahim , Nienaber Christoph 
Published: July 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas akute Aortensyndrom ist ein moderner Begriff, mit dem eine Gruppe von Aortenerkrankungen beschrieben wird. Diese beinhalten die Aortendissektion, das intramurale Hämatom (IMH) und das penetrierende Aortenulkus (PAU). Populationanalysen gehen bei der Aortendissektion von einer Inzidenz von 2,6–3,5/100 000 Einwohner aus. Jeder achte Patient mit der Verdachtsdiagnose Aortendissektion hat ein IMH oder PAU. Schmerzen und Malperfusionen sind das Leitsymptom des akuten Aortensyndroms und sollten mittels moderner Bildgebung (Computertomografie, transösophagealer Ultraschall, Magnetresonanztomografie) abgeklärt werden. Asymptomatische Patienten, die an einer IMH oder PAU leiden, können konservativ behandelt werden, wohingegen alle symptomatischen Patienten behandelt werden müssen. Endovaskuläre Möglichkeiten haben die Therapieoptionen erweitert und in weiten Bereichen den operativen Ansatz bei ausgewählten Patienten abgelöst. Unabhängig der Initialtherapie müssen die Patienten systematisch nachverfolgt werden.