bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EQUILIBRIUM HAK ASASI MANUSIA vis-à-vis KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Sadari Sadari 
Published: January 2016

Artikel ini menawarkan studi h}udu>di dalam hukum keluarga Islam yang terdapat dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Sedangkan studi h}udu>di itu sendiri merupakan proses desakralisasi sebagai wujud agar produk KHI menjadi progresif seiring dengan modernitas dan keindonesiaan. Untuk mewujudkan quo vadis tersebut, maka artikel ini melakukan dua ijtihad pemikiran yakni, menolak pemikiran yang belum mengindahkan h}udu>di (limit, batas) dan menguatkan pemikiran para sarjana yang menawarkan ijtihad baru baik pada dataran konsep sampai pada tawaran metodologis. Pemikiran yang menguatkan itu datang dari tokoh Syiria, yakni Muh}ammad Shah}ru>r, lewat struktur kemasukakalan (plausibilitas structure). Studi h}udu>di-nya mendukung ide dari Nurcholish Madjid tentang desakralisasi, sehingga mampu melakukan koherensi antara KHI dengan bidang HAM, demokrasi, nation state, civil society, dan konstitusionalisme. Jadi artikel ini mendukung semangat desakralisasi – di samping tidak menanggalkan sakralisasinya – yang dikumandangkan oleh Nurcholish Madjid melalui bukunya yang bertema : Islam, Kemodernan dan Keindonesiaan. Sumber kajian artikel ini adalah KHI, sedangkan cara membaca dengan memakai paradigma h}udu>di, yang berbekal pada adagium s\aba>t al-nas}s} wa harakah al-muh}tawa, artinya teksnya tetap (the text is permanent) dan kandungannya terus berubah (the content moves). Sehingga norma hukum selalu bersumber pada liminalitas berbasis pada teks, yang poros kajiannya berpusat dari teks menuju konteks bukan sebaliknya dari konteks menuju teks. Kata Kunci : Equilibrium, HAM, KHI, dan Modernitas-KeindonesiaanDOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2382
Kepemimpinan Transgender dalam Perspektif Fiqih Siyasah dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Juwanti Resti Hedi 
Published: January 2016

Islam memandang bahwa seorang pemimpin merupakan hal yang penting dalam sebuah masyarakat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kedudukan Rasulullah SAW sebagai seorang pemimpin kaum muslimin. Kedudukan tersebut merupakan salah satu dari tiga kedudukan suci yang dimiliki oleh Rasulullah SAW.Kedudukan suci Rasulullah SAW yang pertama ialah kenabian atau kerasulan, yakni kedudukan sebagai pembawa dan penyampai hukum-hukum Allah yang diwahyukan kepada-Nya. Dan Rasul berkewajiban menyampaikan hukum-hukum itu kepada umat manusia. Kedudukan suci kedua adalah sebagai penentu dan pemutus hukum. Dengan demikian, Rasul berkewajiban menegakkan kebenaran bila terjadi pertentangan dan perselisihan di antara manusia dengan berstandar pada satu hukum. Dalam hal ini kedudukan Rasul sebagai seorang hakim yang bisa memutuskan suatu masalah. Kedudukan suci ketiga adalah sebagai penguasa dan pemegang kendali pemerintahan. Rasul adalah pengelola masyarakat dan pemimpin yang menangani berbagai urusan masyarakat DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2383
PRAKTIK RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PADA LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN (LP) DI PERANCIS, NEW ZEALAND DAN ARAB SAUDI: SEBUAH PERBANDINGAN
Authors: Fitria Fitria 
Published: January 2016

Paparan tulisan dibawah ini akan membahas praktik restorative justice pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di tiga negara: Perancis, New Zealand dan Arab Saudi. Pemilihan tiga negara ini berdasarkan pada dua alasan, pertama: ketiga negara mewakili tiga sistem hukum yang berbeda: sistem hukum kontinental, sistem anglo saxon dan sistem hukum islam. Kedua, ketiga negara yang disebutkan diatas memilki kapasitas untuk mewakili gagasan yang dikembangkan masing-masing sistem hukum. Perancis merupakan negara tua yang memberikan kontribusi yang tidak sedikit dalam membangun gagasan restorative justice. Adapun New Zealand merupakan negara anglo saxon yang sukses menerapkan restorative justice pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatannya. Sedangkan Arab Saudi merupakan negara yang dianggap sebagai negara islam yang paling konsisten menerapkan hukum pidana islam yang juga memiliki konsepsi restorative justice. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2385
HAK IMUNITAS PIMPINAN KPK
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra , Akhdal Aisyah Yusriyyah 
Published: January 2016

Berdasarkan UUD 1945 BAB XIII Pertahanan dan Keamanan Negara Pasal 30 menyebutkan Tiap-tiap warga negara berhak dan wajib ikut serta dalam usaha pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Usaha pertahanan dan keamanan negara dilaksanakan melalui sistempertahanan dan keamanan rakyat semesta oleh Tentara Nasional Indonesia dan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, sebagai kekuatan utama, dan rakyat sebagai kekuatan pendukung. Pasal tersebut mengamanatkan bahwa rakyat sebagai kekuatan pendukung turut serta dalam melindungi dan memlihara keamanan nasional. Secara tersirat isi dalam pasal tersebut menyatakan adanya tekad yang dapat dilakukan semua warga negara dalam rangka pertahanan nasional. Sikap dan semangat yang demikian merupakan hal yang wajar dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2388
Cost-Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Morbidly Obese
Authors: McLawhorn Alexander S. , Southren Daniel , Wang Y. Claire , Marx Robert G. , Dodwell Emily R. 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Obesity is associated with adverse outcomes and increased costs after total knee arthroplasty. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity, but its cost-effectiveness for weight loss prior to total knee arthroplasty is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery prior to total knee arthroplasty for patients in whom medical treatment of obesity and knee osteoarthritis had failed.

Methods:
A state-transition Markov model was constructed to compare the cost-utility of two treatment protocols for patients with morbid obesity and end-stage knee osteoarthritis: (1) immediate total knee arthroplasty and (2) bariatric surgery two years prior to the total knee arthroplasty. The probability of transition for each health state and its utility were derived from the literature. Costs, expressed in 2012 United States dollars, were estimated with use of administrative and claims data. Costs and utilities were discounted at 3% annually, and effectiveness was expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The principal outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed, using $100,000 per QALY as the threshold willingness to pay.

Results:
Morbidly obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty alone had lower QALYs gained than patients who underwent bariatric surgery two years prior to the total knee arthroplasty. The ICER between these two procedures was approximately $13,910 per QALY, well below the threshold willingness to pay. Results were stable across broad value ranges for independent variables. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found that the median ICER was $14,023 per QALY (95% confidence interval, $4875 to $51,210 per QALY).

Conclusions:
This model supports bariatric surgery prior to total knee arthroplasty as a cost-effective option for improving outcomes in morbidly obese patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who are indicated for total knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Economic and Decision Analysis Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Quality of Life and Surgical Outcomes After Soft-Tissue Reconstruction of Complex Oncologic Defects of the Spine and Sacrum
Authors: Dolan Roisin T. , Butler Joseph S. , Wilson-MacDonald James , Reynolds Jeremy , Cogswell Lucy , Critchley Paul , Giele Henk 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Tumor-related spinal surgery has been revolutionized by recent advances in spinal stabilization, modern neuroimaging, and perioperative intensive medicine. This study examines clinical outcomes and factors associated with complications following reconstruction of complex oncologic defects of the spine and sacrum, in an attempt to increase preoperative recognition of high-risk patients with diminished wound-healing capacity and to optimize clinical outcomes in this cohort.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of fifty-five consecutive patients who underwent soft-tissue reconstruction with or without osseous stabilization of defects following spinal or sacral tumor resection at a quaternary referral center over a twelve-year period. Surgical outcomes included the prevalence of postoperative complications and success of wound closure at the latest follow-up. Health-related quality-of-life outcomes were assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30-Item Core Quality of Life Questionnaire) and SF-36 (Short Form-36) questionnaires.

Results:
The mean age of the cohort was 46.7 years (range, eighteen to seventy-one years), with a male preponderance (3:1). Soft-tissue reconstructions (n = 70 flaps) were performed in the fifty-five patients. Overall, 36.3% of patients had wound complications. There was a twofold higher wound complication rate after delayed (60%) compared with immediate (29%) reconstruction (p = 0.03). Patients undergoing delayed reconstruction reported significantly lower SF-36 and EORTC QLQ-C30 scores.

Conclusions:
Orthoplastic management of spinal tumors should involve a strategy for preoperative recognition of patients at risk of compromised wound-healing. Prophylactic soft-tissue reconstruction can achieve stable definitive wound closure and potentially avoid the need for secondary procedures in appropriately selected patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Workers’ Compensation Status on Outcomes of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Gornet Matthew F. , Schranck Francine W. , Copay Anne G. , Kopjar Branko 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Receiving Workers’ Compensation benefits has been associated with inferior outcomes after lumbar fusion. The purpose of our study was to compare the outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty between patients receiving and those not receiving Workers’ Compensation.

Methods:
Patient-reported outcomes, reoperations, complications, and return-to-work status were analyzed at one year after surgery in an observational cohort of consecutive patients who underwent single-level or multilevel cervical disc arthroplasty for symptomatic cervical disc conditions, including radiculopathy or discogenic pain with or without radiculopathy, exclusive of myelopathy.

Results:
Of the 189 patients who underwent cervical disc arthroplasty, 144 received Workers’ Compensation and forty-five did not. The mean scores on all patient-reported measures improved significantly from preoperative baseline to one year after surgery (p < 0.001), and the improvement in patient-reported outcomes did not differ significantly between the Workers’ Compensation and the non-Workers’ Compensation group (respectively, 22.7 compared with 25.0 for the Neck Disability Index; 8.3 compared with 9.6 for the Short Form (SF)-36 physical component summary; 7.9 compared with 9.6 for the SF-36 mental component summary; 3.5 compared with 3.7 for neck pain; and 2.6 compared with 2.8 for arm pain). The two groups also did not differ significantly in the rate of reoperations (7.6% for those receiving Workers’ Compensation compared with 13.3% for those not receiving Workers’ Compensation) and complications (2.8% compared with 4.4%, respectively). At one year after surgery, the proportion of patients who had returned to work was comparable (77.7% in the Workers’ Compensation group and 79.4% in the non-Workers’ Compensation group); however, the patients receiving Workers’ Compensation had significantly more days off before returning to work (a mean of 145.2 compared with 61.9 days; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
After cervical disc arthroplasty, patients receiving Workers’ Compensation had outcomes that were similar to those of patients not receiving Workers’ Compensation in terms of patient-reported outcomes, surgery-related complications, reoperations, and return-to-work status. Patients receiving Workers’ Compensation remained off work for a longer interval than did patients not receiving Workers’ Compensation.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Passive Hip Range of Motion Predicts Femoral Torsion and Acetabular Version
Authors: Chadayammuri Vivek , Garabekyan Tigran , Bedi Asheesh , Pascual-Garrido Cecilia , Rhodes Jason , O’Hara John , Mei-Dan Omer 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Orientation abnormalities of the acetabulum and femur have been implicated in early-onset coxarthrosis. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical examination findings predictive of such hip morphologies.

Methods:
A consecutive cohort of 221 patients (442 hips) undergoing hip arthroscopy was included. Demographic characteristics including age, diagnosis, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level were recorded. Passive range of motion was measured for all hips. Preoperative computed tomography scans were utilized to measure femoral torsion and central acetabular version, and a combined femoral torsion-acetabular version (COTAV) index was defined as their sum.

Results:
The study cohort comprised 221 patients (sixty-four males, 157 females) with a mean age of 32.5 years and mean BMI of 24.2 kg/m2. Overall, hips with femoral antetorsion and acetabular anteversion exhibited the greatest internal rotation range of motion at a neutral hip position (mean, 44.2°), whereas hips with femoral retrotorsion and acetabular retroversion demonstrated the lowest corresponding value (20.1°; p < 0.001). Femoral torsion was significantly associated with female sex (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), and presence of pathology corresponding to cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) (p = 0.044). Central acetabular version was significantly associated with age (p = 0.021), female sex (p < 0.001), and absence of mixed-type FAI pathology (p = 0.025). Increasing age and internal rotation range of motion at a neutral hip position were the most significant predictors of an increased COTAV index.

Conclusions:
This study confirmed that passive hip range of motion significantly predicts combined femoral torsion and central acetabular version. Accurate clinical assessment of the COTAV index may inform surgical decision-making in hip preservation surgery.
Inflammation and Degeneration in Cartilage Samples from Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Chinzei Nobuaki , Hashimoto Shingo , Fujishiro Takaaki , Hayashi Shinya , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Uchida Soshi , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been reported as a cause of hip pain in young patients and is suggested as the trigger for hip osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of this study was to quantify the metabolic profiles of articular tissues (cartilage, synovium, and labrum) harvested from patients with FAI and with end-stage OA. In addition, we sought to investigate the development of secondary OA in hips with FAI.

Methods:
Tissue samples were obtained from thirty hips undergoing arthroscopic surgery for FAI with or without labral tear and thirty hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty for OA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metabolic (anabolic and catabolic) enzymes. The differences in gene expression in articular tissues from the patients with FAI were also evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters (age range and alpha angle).

Results:
The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-8 and of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 (a catabolic gene) in both the synovium and the labrum, and the expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (an anabolic gene) in the labrum, was higher in the samples from hips with OA than in those from hips with FAI (p < 0.05). In cartilage, however, the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines and the catabolic genes MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4) was higher in the FAI samples compared with the OA samples (p < 0.01). When the expression of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated among the three types of tissues within each disease group, the expression levels were the highest in cartilage within the FAI samples (p < 0.01). In FAI cartilage, we found higher gene expression of aggrecan (ACAN) and ADAMTS-4 in the samples from patients with larger alpha angles (≥60°) (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that the metabolic conditions of articular cartilage in FAI and OA are different and that the expression of genes associated with inflammation is greater in the articular cartilage of patients with FAI compared with the synovium and the labrum. The metabolic changes were heightened by mechanical impingement.

Clinical Relevance:
The articular cartilage from the impingement lesion in patients with FAI showed biologically higher inflammation and degeneration, supporting the concept that FAI may be a trigger for joint degeneration.
A Protein Preload Enhances the Glucose-Lowering Efficacy of Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wu Tongzhi , Little Tanya J. , Bound Michelle J. , Borg Malcolm , Zhang Xiang , Deacon Carolyn F. , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L. , Rayner Christopher K. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Nutrient “preloads” given before meals can attenuate postprandial glycemic excursions, at least partly by slowing gastric emptying and stimulating secretion of the incretins (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]). This study was designed to evaluate whether a protein preload could improve the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin to increase incretin concentrations, slow gastric emptying, and lower postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-two patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin were studied on four occasions, receiving either 50 mg vildagliptin (VILD) or placebo (PLBO) on both the evening before and the morning of each study day. The latter dose was followed after 60 min by a preload drink containing either 25 g whey protein (WHEY) or control flavoring (CTRL), and after another 30 min by a 13C-octanoate–labeled mashed potato meal. Plasma glucose and hormones, and gastric emptying, were evaluated.

RESULTS
Compared with PLBO/CTRL, PLBO/WHEY reduced postprandial peak glycemia, increased plasma insulin, glucagon, and incretin hormones (total and intact), and slowed gastric emptying, whereas VILD/CTRL reduced both the peak and area under the curve for glucose, increased plasma intact incretins, and slowed gastric emptying but suppressed plasma glucagon and total incretins (P &lt; 0.05 each). Compared with both PLBO/WHEY and VILD/CTRL, VILD/WHEY was associated with higher plasma intact GLP-1 and GIP, slower gastric emptying, and lower postprandial glycemia (P &lt; 0.05 each).

CONCLUSIONS
In metformin-treated type 2 diabetes, a protein preload has the capacity to enhance the efficacy of vildagliptin to slow gastric emptying, increase plasma intact incretins, and reduce postprandial glycemia.
Adams – Oliver Syndrome
Authors: Joshi Avadhesh , Karnawat Bhag Singh , Jangid Manoj Kumar 
Published: January 2016

Aplasia cutis congenita is characterized by congenital absence of portion of skin over a localized or widespread area. Adams- Oliver syndrome (subtype-II of ACC) is associated with distal limb reduction anomalies. We describe an infant with this uncommon disease associated with multiple midline lesions, which is a rare occurrence. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(2):168-171
Implications of anticoagulants and gender on cell counts and growth factor concentration in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich gel supernatants from rabbits
Authors: González Juan , López Catalina , Carmona Jorge 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectives: Our objectives were as follows: 1) to validate a protocol for producing rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP); 2) to determine the influence of two anticoagulants, sodium citrate and acid-citrate-dextrose solution A, and gender on cell count in PRP and growth factor concentration in pure platelet-rich gel supernatants; 3) to correlate the variables evaluated.Methods: Whole blood from 18 New Zealand rabbits (9 males and 9 females) was obtained with sodium citrate and acid- citrate-dextrose solution A for processing PRP fractions (A and B), which were evaluated for haematology. The PRP fractions were either activated with calcium gluconate or lysated with a detergent. The concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB were assayed by ELISA.Results: The sodium citrate PRP-B had significantly higher counts of platelets in comparison to PRP-A and whole blood obtained with the same anticoagulant and the homologous acid-citrate-dextrose solution A PRP fraction. The sodium citrate PRP-A had a significantly higher count of leukocytes compared to the homologous acid-citrate-dextrose solution A fraction. All the PRP fractions had a significant leuko-reduction when compared to whole blood. The sodium citrate PRP-A fraction from female rabbits had significantly lower platelet counts and significantly higher leukocyte counts than the same acid-citrate-dextrose solution A fraction. Growth factor concentration was not affected by the type of anticoagulant or gender.Clinical significance: The type of anticoagulant and gender affected the cell counts in PRP, but they did not influence the growth factor concentration. More complete rabbit PRP studies should be performed before evaluating this type of substance in models of disease.
EVIDENCE FOR A DISTANT GIANT PLANET IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Brown Michael E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent analyses have shown that distant orbits within the scattered disk population of the Kuiper Belt exhibit an unexpected clustering in their respective arguments of perihelion. While several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this alignment, to date, a theoretical model that can successfully account for the observations remains elusive. In this work we show that the orbits of distant Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) cluster not only in argument of perihelion, but also in physical space. We demonstrate that the perihelion positions and orbital planes of the objects are tightly confined and that such a clustering has only a probability of 0.007% to be due to chance, thus requiring a dynamical origin. We find that the observed orbital alignment can be maintained by a distant eccentric planet with mass ≳10 m
⊕ whose orbit lies in approximately the same plane as those of the distant KBOs, but whose perihelion is 180° away from the perihelia of the minor bodies. In addition to accounting for the observed orbital alignment, the existence of such a planet naturally explains the presence of high-perihelion Sedna-like objects, as well as the known collection of high semimajor axis objects with inclinations between 60° and 150° whose origin was previously unclear. Continued analysis of both distant and highly inclined outer solar system objects provides the opportunity for testing our hypothesis as well as further constraining the orbital elements and mass of the distant planet.