bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin‐associated muscle symptoms: A comprehensive exploration of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical management strategies
Authors: Shah Meera , Shrestha Karun , Tseng Chih‐Wei , Goyal Aman , Liewluck Teerin , Gupta Latika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStatins are the first line of treatment for both primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Despite the positive effects of statins on cardiovascular events, not all patients can use them at an optimized dose. The reason for this is the skeletal muscle side effects, termed statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Despite extensive research, the precise pathophysiology of SAMS remains unclear and multiple mechanisms may contribute to this phenomenon. Various therapeutic options are available for the management of SAMS, ranging from rechallenging with the same or a different statin to utilizing non‐statin therapeutic alternatives in patients intolerant to statins. However, the lack of consensus on the definition of SAMS, the absence of a definitive diagnostic test, and lack of a universally accepted management algorithm pose a great challenge in dealing with this entity. This review aims to explore the various pathophysiological mechanisms involved in SAMS and understand the difference between self‐limited toxic myopathy and immune‐mediated myopathy requiring immunomodulatory therapy. The conundrum of statin withdrawal, tapering, and rechallenge in SAMS will also be explored in detail along with the newer non‐statin therapies that are available.
The impact of weight gain on antipsychotic nonadherence or discontinuation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Riddhita , Smith Emily C. C. , Navagnanavel Janani , Au Emily , Maksyutynska Kateryna , Papoulias Maria , Singh Raghunath , Panganiban Kristoffer J. , Humber Bailey , Mohr Grimur Høgnason , Nielsen Mette Ødegaard , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Remington Gary , Agarwal Sri Mahavir , Hahn Margaret K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNonadherence/discontinuation of antipsychotic (AP) medications represents an important clinical issue in patients across psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). While antipsychotic‐induced weight gain (AIWG) is a reported contributor to nonadherence, a systematic review of the association between AIWG and medication nonadherence/discontinuation has not been explored previously.MethodA systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases, among others, to help identify all studies which explored adherence, study dropouts, AP switching and/or discontinuations attributable to AIWG among individuals with severe mental illness. A meta‐analysis was also completed where applicable.ResultsWe identified two categories of studies for the meta‐analysis. Category 1 included three studies, which compared measures of AP adherence or discontinuation across BMI classes/degrees of self‐reported weight gain. When compared to normal weight individuals receiving APs or those who did not report AIWG, individuals who were either overweight or obese or reported weight gain in relation to AP use had an increased odds of AP nonadherence (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.51–3.73; p = 0.0002). Category 2 had 14 studies which compared measures of discontinuation related to weight gain reported as an adverse effect across different APs. Olanzapine was associated with a 3.32 times (95% CI 2.32–4.74; p < 0.00001) increased likelihood of nonadherence or discontinuation when compared to other APs with lower weight gain liabilities. Similarly, APs with moderate weight gain liability (paliperidone, risperidone, and quetiapine) increased the odds of nonadherence or discontinuation by 2.25 (95% CI 1.31–3.87; p = 0.003) when compared to APs considered to have lower weight gain liability (i.e. haloperidol and aripiprazole). The qualitative summary also confirmed these findings.ConclusionThis review and meta‐analysis suggests that AIWG influences medication nonadherence/discontinuation, whereby APs with higher weight gain liability are associated with nonadherence/discontinuation. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
How does active coping affect post‐traumatic growth? An empirical analysis from Lushan earthquake survivors
Authors: Ou Limei , Zhang Wei , Fan Fengchun , Yuan Ling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraumatic experiences from major natural disasters, such as earthquakes, can lead to mental health challenges, which in turn may foster post‐traumatic growth (PTG). In this study, 859 survivors of the 2013 Lushan Earthquake in China were selected as research participants. We explored the relationship between active coping and PTG, the indirect effect of resilience in this relationship, and the moderating effect of social support. The empirical results revealed that active coping positively influenced PTG, with resilience has an indirect effect in this relationship. Social support moderated the relationship between resilience and PTG but did not affect the relationship between active coping and PTG. This study not only provides new insights into how earthquake survivors achieve PTG through active coping strategies but also emphasises the important role of psychological resilience in facilitating post‐traumatic recovery.
Ink and forgetting
Authors: Hames Aaron 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExamining the relations among ethnographic fieldwork, trains in Tokyo, dementia, and a child's injury, this essay explores the nature of memory. Specifically, it considers the vastness of what is forgotten, how writing can staunch the loss of recollection, and the condition of being unable to forge new memories. The written word can carry the freight of memory, yet it does so through simplification and suggestion. While bearing the indistinct character of writing, fieldnotes inhabit a wider ecology of quotidian life and extraordinary events that, in turn, shape how, when, and if they are read. Recollection with the aid of ink, paper, and pixels is vital to the ethnographic endeavor, but its affective dimensions are largely involuntary and can only be shepherded from a distance.
Quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fetal fibronectin: A liquid biopsy for intra‐amniotic inflammation
Authors: Warintaksa Puntabut , Romero Roberto , Lertrat Waranyu , Yuenyongdechawat Nutnaree , Mongkolsuk Paninee , Chaiyakarn Supakorn , Settacomkul Rapeewan , Pongchaikul Pisut , Vivithanaporn Pornpun , Chaemsaithong Piya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionIntra‐amniotic inflammation is causally linked to spontaneous preterm labor. The gold standard for the diagnosis of intra‐amniotic inflammation is the determination of an amniotic fluid profile obtained from transabdominal amniocentesis, which is invasive. Cervicovaginal fluid fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a widely‐used predictive biomarker for spontaneous preterm labor. The aims of this study are to determine (1) whether a quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fFN test can be used to identify the presence of intra‐amniotic inflammation; and (2) an appropriate cut‐off value of a cervicovaginal fluid fFN concentration for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation.Material and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 78 patients with preterm labor and intact membranes who had a sample collected for quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fFN measurement and underwent transabdominal amniocentesis. Intra‐amniotic inflammation was defined as an amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 concentration ≥2.6 ng/mL. Clinicians were masked from the results of cervicovaginal fluid fFN and amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 concentrations. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were significant predictors of intra‐amniotic inflammation. The diagnostic indices of the cervicovaginal fluid fFN test for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation were calculated.Results(1) Frequency of intra‐amniotic inflammation was 26.9% (21/78); (2) the higher the cervicovaginal fluid fFN concentration, the greater the risk of intra‐amniotic inflammation (p < 0.001); (3) cervicovaginal fluid fFN concentration ≥125 ng/mL had an area under the curve of 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.96) for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation with 100% sensitivity, 100% negative predictive value, 82.46% specificity and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.7; and (4) cervicovaginal fluid fFN cut‐off of 125 ng/mL had a significant higher predictive performance than the traditional cut‐off (50 ng/mL) for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation.ConclusionsQuantitative cervicovaginal fluid fFN with a cut‐off of 125 ng/mL had a high sensitivity and a negative predictive value as well as a positive likelihood ratio for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation. Its high sensitivity and negative predictive value can be used to decrease an index of suspicion of intra‐amniotic inflammation. This test may be useful as an initial assessment test to select appropriate patients for amniocentesis to determine intra‐amniotic inflammation.
Axillary artery access considerations in Impella 5.5 insertion: Insights from exclusive axillary approach for successful support
Authors: Khan Shazli , Isath Ameesh , Gregory Vasiliki , Elgar Guy , Levine Avi , Haidry Syed A. , Ahmad Hasan , Tavolacci Sooyun Caroline , Shimamura Junichi , Ohira Suguru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Impella 5.5® is commonly inserted via the axillary artery (AX) in patients with cardiogenic shock. The right AX has traditionally been preferred to avoid crossing the aortic arch, and a minimum diameter of 7 mm has been recommended to accommodate the device (21 Fr). There is limited data on choice of laterality of access and AX size required, both in terms of technicality of the procedure as well as outcomes.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective cohort analysis of patients who underwent Impella 5.5® implantation between December 2020 and February 2024 (N = 75). Data including demographics and outcomes were stratified both by diameter (small, <7 mm vs. normal, ≥7 mm) and laterality of access (right vs. left). Adverse events included stroke, limb ischemia, procedural bleeding or infection, and unplanned explant due to complications. Delivery time was defined as time from advancing the first wire to activation of the device.ResultsAX approach was attempted in all (N = 74) but one requiring innominate access, with a technical success rate of 95.9% (N = 71/74). The mean age was 58.8 ± 13.3 years, with 81.1% males. The median delivery time was 7.0 (25th, 75th percentiles: 4.0, 11.5) min with a median support duration of 13 (7.7, 24) days. Ten patients (13.5%) had a small AX, with a mean diameter of 6.3 ± 0.5 mm and were more likely to be younger compared to the normal AX group. Fifty‐nine patients (79.7%) had insertion via the right AX. Median delivery time was comparable across all groups (small, 5.4 [3.5, 10.9] vs. normal, 7 [4.0, 12.1] min, p = 0.59) and (right, 10.4 [5.3, 15.2] vs. left, 6 [3.7, 10.4] min, p = 0.35). There was no difference between the rates of stroke, ischemia, bleeding, or infection when comparing by size or laterality. Survival to discharge was 59.5%, with 21.1% mortality on support, all in patients with a normal AX diameter, but with no difference between right versus left.ConclusionIn our study, laterality and a small diameter of AX access did not affect outcomes of Impella 5.5®, with a similar safety profile.
Enteric glial NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to gut mucosal barrier alterations in a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity
Authors: D'Antongiovanni Vanessa , Fornai Matteo , Colucci Rocchina , Nericcio Anna , Benvenuti Laura , Di Salvo Clelia , Segnani Cristina , Pierucci Clarissa , Ippolito Chiara , Nemeth Zoltan H. , Haskó György , Bernardini Nunzia , Antonioli Luca , Pellegrini Carolina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimIn the present study, we investigated the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) changes associated with obesity, and its role in the interplay between enteric glia and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).MethodsWild‐type C57BL/6J and NLRP3‐KO (−/−) mice were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) or standard diet for 8 weeks. Colonic IEB integrity and inflammasome activation were assessed. Immunolocalization of colonic mucosal GFAP‐ and NLRP3‐positive cells along with in vitro coculture experiments with enteric glial cells (EGCs) and IECs allowed to investigate the potential link between altered IEB, enteric gliosis, and NLRP3 activation.ResultsHFD mice showed increased body weight, altered IEB integrity, increased GFAP‐positive glial cells, and NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation. HFD‐NLRP3−/− mice showed a lower increase in body weight, an improvement in IEB integrity and an absence of enteric gliosis. Coculture experiments showed that palmitate and lipopolysaccharide contribute to IEB damage and promote enteric gliosis with consequent hyperactivation of enteric glial NLRP3/caspase‐1/IL‐1β signaling. Enteric glial‐derived IL‐1β release exacerbates the IEB alterations. Such an effect was abrogated upon incubation with anakinra (IL‐1β receptor antagonist) and with conditioned medium derived from silenced‐NLRP3 glial cells.ConclusionHFD intake elicits mucosal enteric gliotic processes characterized by a hyperactivation of NLRP3/caspase‐1/IL‐1β signaling pathway, that contributes to further exacerbate the disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. However, we cannot rule out the contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation from other cells, such as immune cells, in IEB alterations associated with obesity. Overall, our results suggest that enteric glial NLRP3 inflammasome might represent an interesting molecular target for the development of novel pharmacological approaches aimed at managing the enteric inflammation and intestinal mucosal dysfunctions associated with obesity.
MCF classifier: Estimating, standardizing, and stratifying medicine carbon footprints, at scale
Authors: Taylor Haroon , Mahamdallie Shazia , Sawyer Matthew , Rahman Nazneen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsHealthcare accounts for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with medicines making a sizeable contribution. Product‐level medicine emission data is limited, hindering mitigation efforts. To address this, we created Medicine Carbon Footprint (MCF) Classifier, to estimate, standardize, stratify and visualize medicine carbon footprints.MethodsWe used molecular weight and chemical structure to estimate the process mass intensity and global warming potential of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in small molecule medicines. This allowed us to estimate medicine carbon footprints per dose, which we categorized into MCF Ratings, accessible via a searchable web application, MCF Formulary. We performed comparison and sensitivity analyses to validate the ratings, and stratification analyses by therapeutic indication to identify priority areas for emission reduction interventions.ResultsWe generated standardized medicine carbon footprints for 2214 products, with 38% rated LOW, 35% MEDIUM, 25% HIGH and 2% VERY HIGH. These products represented 2.2 billion NHS England prescribed doses in January 2023, with a total footprint of 140 000 tonnes CO2e, equivalent to the monthly emissions of 940 000 cars. Notably, three antibiotics—amoxicillin, flucloxacillin and penicillin V—contributed 15% of emissions. We estimate that implementing the recommended 20% antibiotic prescription reduction could save 4200 tonnes CO2e per month, equivalent to removing 29 000 cars.ConclusionsStandardized medicine carbon footprints have utility in assessing and addressing the carbon emissions of medicines, and the potential to inform and catalyse changes needed to align better healthcare and net zero commitments.
Adverse reactions associated with nivolumab and small molecule antiangiogenic drugs: A pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Li Haiyang , Ruan Zhaohui , Jia Yanan , Zhang Yuan , Wang Lingwa , Yang Yifan , Wang Ru , Fang Jugao 
Published: September 2024

AimsImmune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, combined with small molecule antiangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), present a promising strategy for future immunotherapy. However, combination therapy can lead to specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in various clinical settings. Current research on the ADRs associated with combination therapy is limited. Our study aims to assess the safety of combination therapy.MethodsWe extracted ADR reports on combination therapy from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database, covering the period from the first quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2023, and conducted a large‐scale retrospective study. We evaluated ADR risk signals using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and calculated the Ro/e ratio to compare the differences in the risk of fatal ADRs among various tumour types.ResultsWe comprehensively reported the occurrence of ADRs in pan‐cancer patients undergoing combination therapy. The combination therapy significantly increased the risk of sensitive skin (ROR: 231.43, 95% CI: 55.01–973.72, P < .05), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (ROR: 220.71, 95% CI: 28.99–1695.41, P < .05) and renal cell carcinoma (ROR: 188.22, 95% CI: 44.24–800.85, P < .05). We also compared the differences in ADRs resulting from different small molecule drug combinations, as well as the differences in ADRs among patients with different types of tumours under combination therapy. Furthermore, we analysed the characteristics of patients prone to experiencing fatal ADRs.ConclusionThese results can help enhance understanding of the ADRs commonly associated with combination therapy and assist oncologists in formulating screening protocols.
Prognosis prediction of PDAC via detection of O‐glycan altered extracellular vesicles in perioperative sera
Authors: Uemura Sho , Kabe Yasuaki , Kitago Minoru , Matsuda Sachiko , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Sato Yasunori , Itonaga Makoto , Ono Masayuki , Kawakami Tatsuya , Suematsu Makoto , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignancy due to the difficulty in diagnosis and poor prognosis because of the high recurrence rate, necessitating reliable biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis. However, the existing markers have limitations. We previously identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) recognized by O‐glycan‐binding lectins (Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin [ACA]) as a novel diagnostic biomarker for PDAC using an EV‐counting system (ExoCounter). This retrospective study analyzed changes in ACA‐positive EVs in perioperative PDAC serum and its association with prognosis using ExoCounter. Absolute EV levels in the pre‐ and postoperative sera of 44 patients who underwent curative pancreatectomy for PDAC were quantified using ExoCounter. The carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels declined in most samples postoperatively, and presented no correlation with poor prognosis. In contrast, ACA‐positive EVs increased in serum at 7 days postoperatively in 27 of 44 patients (61.4%). We therefore divided participants with ACA‐positive EVs before and after surgery into elevation and decline groups. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of patients with higher ACA‐positive EVs were significantly shorter than those with lower ACA‐positive EVs (26.1 months vs. not reached, P = 0.018; 11.9 vs. 38.6 months, P = 0.013). Multivariable analysis revealed that ACA‐positive EV elevation in postoperative serum was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.891, P = 0.023) and RFS (HR = 2.650, P = 0.024). The detection of ACA‐positive EVs in perioperative serum may be used to predict the prognosis of PDAC in the early postoperative period.
Genetic profiles and clinical features in subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Okamura Yui , Makishima Kenichi , Suehara Yasuhito , Suma Sakurako , Abe Yoshiaki , Matsuoka Ryota , Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Hattori Keiichiro , Yokoyama Yasuhisa , Kato Takayasu , Nanmoku Toru , Iwasaki Takeshi , Nishiyama Kenichi , Kato Koji , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Makishima Hideki , Nakamura Naoya , Chiba Shigeru , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare peripheral T‐cell lymphoma characterized by cutaneous lesions and immunologic manifestations. The five‐year survival rate of SPTCL has been reported to be over 80%, indicating a favorable prognosis. Recent studies have uncovered recurrent germline variants in HAVCR2, encoding an immunomodulator. In this study, we integrated whole‐exome sequencing data from 60 samples collected from 36 SPTCL patients, encompassing six patients of our cohort and 30 patients of publicly available data. We identified 138 somatic mutations in skin tumors of 24 patients and HAVCR2 germline mutations in 23 of 29 patients. HAVCR2 p.Tyr82Cys mutations were identified in four of six Japanese patients. During the clinical courses of four patients, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, vincristine, and prednisone were administered to all patients, but it resulted in incomplete responses in all four patients. However, disease conditions of all patients remained stable with additional treatment, including autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Over a 7.5‐year median follow‐up, one patient developed autoimmune‐related diseases, while one developed other hematological malignancy, resulting in death. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent HAVCR2 germline mutations in Japanese patients, suggesting the necessity for long‐term follow‐up.
Efficacy of providing energy expenditure information to guide weight loss interventions in people with obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lim Jonathan Z. M. , Williams Andrew , Burgess Jamie , O'Connell James , James Michaela , Cross Andy , Hughes David , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Alam Uazman , Wilding John P. H. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryResting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic fuel utilization (carbohydrate or fat) proxied by respiratory quotient (RQ) from indirect calorimetry enables more precise measurement of energy needs and fat oxidation capacity. The study compared the effectiveness of providing energy expenditure information during diet and exercise weight intervention versus standard of care (SOC) on weight loss outcomes. Fifty‐two participants with obesity were recruited from a specialist weight loss service, randomized 1:1 to intervention (INT) or SOC only. Participants in INT received four‐weekly dietetic counselling, using biofeedback from energy expenditure data to recommend caloric restriction and physical activity goals, in addition to SOC. The primary outcome was the mean difference in weight loss between both groups after 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include participant acceptability and tolerability using indirect calorimetry. Participants in the INT group demonstrated additional weight loss (−2.3 kg [95% CI: −3.1, −1.5]; p <.001), reduced waist circumference (−3.9 cm [95% CI: −5.48, −2.26]; p <.001), and decreased body fat percentage (−1.5% [95% CI:−2.31, −0.72], p <.001), compared to SOC, after adjusting for baseline body mass index, age, and sex. Forty‐two percent (10/24) of participants in INT group achieved the minimum clinically significant threshold of 5% weight loss from baseline, compared to 8% (2/26) in the SOC group (p = .007). Participant acceptability and tolerability of indirect calorimetry were high, with mean scores of 4.5 ± 0.6 and 4.2 ± 0.7 (5‐point Likert scale). The study establishes the safety and practical integration of biofeedback using indirect calorimetry promoting improved self‐regulation and enhancing weight loss.