bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of the Northwest Africa 4898 high‐Al mare basalt
Authors: Li Shaolin , Hsu Weibiao , Guan Yunbin , Wang Linyan , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 4898 is the only low‐Ti, high‐Al basaltic lunar meteorite yet recognized. It predominantly consists of pyroxene (53.8 vol%) and plagioclase (38.6 vol%). Pyroxene has a wide range of compositions (En12–62Fs25–62Wo11–36), which display a continuous trend from Mg‐rich cores toward Ca‐rich mantles and then to Fe‐rich rims. Plagioclase has relatively restricted compositions (An87–96Or0–1Ab4–13), and was transformed to maskelynite. The REE zoning of all silicate minerals was not significantly modified by shock metamorphism and weathering. Relatively large (up to 1 mm) olivine phenocrysts have homogenous inner parts with Fo ~74 and sharply decrease to 64 within the thin out rims (~30 μm in width). Four types of inclusions with a variety of textures and modal mineralogy were identified in olivine phenocrysts. The contrasting morphologies of these inclusions and the chemical zoning of olivine phenocrysts suggest NWA 4898 underwent at least two stages of crystallization. The aluminous chromite in NWA 4898 reveals that its high alumina character was inherited from the parental magma, rather than by fractional crystallization. The mineral chemistry and major element compositions of NWA 4898 are different from those of 12038 and Luna 16 basalts, but resemble those of Apollo 14 high‐Al basalts. However, the trace element compositions demonstrate that NWA 4898 and Apollo 14 high‐Al basalts could not have been derived from the same mantle source. REE compositions of its parental magma indicate that NWA 4898 probably originated from a unique depleted mantle source that has not been sampled yet. Unlike Apollo 14 high‐Al basalts, which assimilated KREEPy materials during their formation, NWA 4898 could have formed by closed‐system fractional crystallization.
Wheat transcription factor TaWRKY70 is positively involved in high‐temperature seedling plant resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Wang Junjuan , Tao Fei , An Fei , Zou Yiping , Tian Wei , Chen Xianming , Xu Xiangming , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: May 2016

SummaryStripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Wheat high‐temperature seedling plant (HTSP) resistance to Pst is non‐race‐specific and durable. WRKY transcription factors have been proven to play important roles in plant defence responses to attacks by several pathogens. However, there is no direct evidence as to whether WRKY transcription factors play a role in HTSP resistance to Pst. We isolated a WRKY gene, named TaWRKY70, from wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6. The expression level of TaWRKY70 was increased significantly when exposed to high temperatures (HTs) during the initial symptom expression stage of Pst infection. The expression of this gene increased in plants treated with ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA) and cold (4°C) stresses, but decreased in plants treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and heat (40°C) stresses. Silencing of TaWRKY70 led to greater susceptibility to Pst (in terms of the increase in length of uredinial pustules and the decrease in the number of necrotic cells) compared with non‐silenced plants when exposed to HT during the initial symptom expression stage of Pst infection, coinciding with expression changes of the ET‐ and SA‐responsive genes TaPIE1 and TaPR1.1. In contrast, the expression level of the jasmonic acid (JA)‐responsive gene TaAOS was not affected by TaWRKY70. These results indicate that TaWRKY70 is positively involved in HTSP resistance, during which SA and ET signalling are probably activated.
Intracerebral hemorrhage score in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage pretreated and not treated with antithrombotics
Authors: Masotti Luca , Di Napoli Mario , Godoy Daniel Agustin , Lorenzini Gianni , Marcucci Rossella , Prisco Domenico , Behrouz Réza 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundOne of the validated prognostication models for predicting 30‐day mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients is the intracerebral hemorrhage score.AimTo assess the prognostic value of the intracerebral hemorrhage score in patients treated or not with antithrombotic drugs.MethodsWe analyzed clinical and imaging data of 170 patients (82 males) consecutive patients admitted to a non‐teaching Italian hospital with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. We calculated and compared the intracerebral hemorrhage score of patients who were pre‐treated with vitamin K antagonists or antiplatelet agents with those who were not. In‐hospital mortality was our endpoint.ResultsThirty‐three patients were on vitamin K antagonists, 67 on antiplatelet agents, and 66 were on neither. Overall, in‐hospital mortality was 35.8% and significantly higher in patients on vitamin K antagonists (59.4%) or on antiplatelet agents (41.7%) than in those who were not on these medications (20.6%; p=0.0001 for trend)). Median intracerebral hemorrhage score was 2 in patients with vitamin K antagonists, 2 for patients on antiplatelet agents, and 1 for non‐treated patients. The intracerebral hemorrhage score predicted in‐hospital mortality in all three subgroups accurately. However, patients on vitamina K antagonists and antiplatelet agents showed significantly higher mortality rates at intracerebral hemorrhage score ≤3, compared to non‐treated patients (39%, 28.3% and 10%, respectively).ConclusionThe intracerebral hemorrhage score has good predictive value in patients on or off antithrombotic agents. However, for scores ≤ 3, the intracerebral hemorrhage score significantly underestimates in‐hospital mortality in patients on antithrombotic agents.
Loss‐of‐function mutations in the APX1 gene result in enhanced selenium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jiang Li , Chen Ziping , Gao Qiuchen , Ci Lingkun , Cao Shuqing , Han Yi , Wang Weiyan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is generally recognized that excess selenium (Se) has a negative effect on the growth and development of plants. Numerous studies have identified key genes involved in selenium tolerance in plants; however, our understanding of its molecular mechanisms is far from complete. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis selenium‐resistant mutant from the mutant XVE pool lines because of its increased root growth and fresh weight in Se stress, and cloned the gene, which encodes the cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX1). Two other APX1 gene knockout allelic lines were also selenium resistant, and the APX1‐complementary COM1 restored the growth state of wild type under Se stress. In addition, these APX1 allelic lines accumulated more Se than did wild‐type plants when subjected to Se stress. Further analysis revealed that the APX1‐mediated Se tolerance was associated, at least in part, with the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Moreover, enhanced Se resistance of the mutants was associated with glutathione (GSH), which had the higher expression level of GSH1 gene involved in GSH synthesis and consequently increased GSH content. Our results provide genetic evidence indicating that loss‐of‐function of APX1 results in tolerance to Se stress.
Eliminating Health Disparities through Action on the Social Determinants of Health: A Systematic Review of Home Visiting in the United States, 2005–2015
Authors: Abbott Laurie S. , Elliott Lynn T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic literature review was to synthesize the results of transdisciplinary interventions designed with a home visit component in experimental and quasi‐experimental studies having representative samples of racial and ethnic minorities.Design and SampleThe design of this systematic review was adapted to include both experimental and quasi‐experimental quantitative studies.MeasuresThe predetermined inclusion criteria were studies (a) having an experimental or quasi‐experimental quantitative design, (b) having a home visit as a research component, (c) including a prevention research intervention strategy targeting health and/or safety issues, (d) conducted in the United States, (e) having representation (at least 30% in the total sample size) of one or more racial/ethnic minority, (f) available in full text, and (g) published in a peer‐reviewed journal between January, 2005 and December, 2015.ResultsThirty‐nine articles were included in the review. There were 20 primary prevention, 5 secondary prevention, and 14 tertiary prevention intervention studies.ConclusionsCommunity and home visitation interventions by nurses can provide an effective means for mitigating social determinants of health by empowering people at risk for health disparities to avoid injury, maintain health, and prevent and manage existing disease.
Wages and International Tax Competition
Authors: Krautheim Sebastian , Schmidt‐Eisenlohr Tim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe introduce wage bargaining and private information into a model of profit shifting and tax competition between a large and a small country. Shifting profits to the small country not only reduces a firm's tax bill but also creates private information on profitability, altering the wage bargaining in favor of the firm. This additional shifting incentive makes the tax base of the large country more elastic and leads to higher outflows, lower wages, higher firm profits and lower equilibrium tax rates. Tax rates are no longer the only determinant of the direction and extent of profit shifting.
A Frequentist Approach to Computer Model Calibration
Authors: Wong Raymond K. W. , Storlie Curtis B. , Lee Thomas C. M. 
Published: May 2016

Summary
The paper considers the computer model calibration problem and provides a general frequentist solution. Under the framework proposed, the data model is semiparametric with a non-parametric discrepancy function which accounts for any discrepancy between physical reality and the computer model. In an attempt to solve a fundamentally important (but often ignored) identifiability issue between the computer model parameters and the discrepancy function, the paper proposes a new and identifiable parameterization of the calibration problem. It also develops a two-step procedure for estimating all the relevant quantities under the new parameterization. This estimation procedure is shown to enjoy excellent rates of convergence and can be straightforwardly implemented with existing software. For uncertainty quantification, bootstrapping is adopted to construct confidence regions for the quantities of interest. The practical performance of the methodology is illustrated through simulation examples and an application to a computational fluid dynamics model.
The Impact of Telecommunication Technologies on Competition in Services and Goods Markets: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Jerbashian Vahagn , Kochanova Anna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we empirically show that a more intensive use and wider adoption of telecommunication technologies significantly increases the level of product market competition in services and goods markets. Our results are consistent with the view that the use of telecommunication technologies can lower the costs of entry and search. These findings are robust to various measures of competition and a wide range of specification checks.
Canine cell line, IPC‐366, as a good model for the study of inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Caceres S. , Peña L. , Lacerda L. , Illera M. J. , de Andres P. J. , Larson R. A. , Gao H. , Debeb B. G. , Woodward W. A. , Reuben J. M. , Illera J. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive type of cancer with poor survival in women. Inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) in dogs is very similar to human IBC and it has been proposed as a good surrogate model for study the human disease. The aim was to determine if IPC‐366 shared characteristics with the IBC cell line SUM149. The comparison was conducted in terms of ability to grow (adherent and nonadherent conditions), stem cell markers expression using flow cytometry, protein production using western blot and tumorigenic capacity. Our results revealed that both are capable of forming long‐term mammospheres with a grape‐like morphology. Adherent and nonadherent cultures exhibited fast growth in vivo. Stem cell markers expressions showed that IPC‐366 and SUM149 in adherent and nonadherent conditions has mesenchymal‐like characteristics, E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin, was higher in adherent than in nonadherent cultures. Therefore, this study determines that both cell lines are similar and IPC‐366 is a good model for the human and canine disease.
Prolongation of survival of dogs with oral malignant melanoma treated byen blocsurgical resection and adjuvantCSPG4‐antigen electrovaccination
Authors: Piras L. A. , Riccardo F. , Iussich S. , Maniscalco L. , Gattino F. , Martano M. , Morello E. , Lorda Mayayo S. , Rolih V. , Garavaglia F. , De Maria R. , Lardone E. , Collivignarelli F. , Mignacca D. , Giacobino D. , Ferrone S. , Cavallo F. , Buracco P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReported post‐surgery 1‐year survival rate for oral canine malignant melanoma (cMM) is around 30%; novel treatments are needed as the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. This prospective study regards adjuvant electrovaccination with human chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan‐4 (hCSPG4)‐encoded plasmid in 23 dogs with resectedII/III‐stagedCSPG4‐positive oralcMMcompared with 19 dogs with resected onlyII/III‐stagedCSPG4‐positive oralcMM. Vaccination resulted in 6‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month survival rate of 95.6, 73.9, 47.8 and 30.4%, respectively [median survival time (MST) 684 days, range 78–1694, 8 of 23 dogs alive] and 6‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month disease‐free interval (DFI) rate of 82.6, 47.8, 26.1 and 17.4%, respectively (DFI477 days, range 50–1694). Non‐vaccinated dogs showed 6‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month survival rate of 63.2, 26.3, 15.8 and 5.3%, respectively (MST200 days, range 75–1507, 1 of 19 dogs alive) and 6‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐monthDFIrate of 52.6, 26.3, 10.5 and 5.3%, respectively (DFI180 days, range 38–1250). Overall survival andDFIof vaccinated dogs was longer in those <20 kg. In vaccinated and non‐vaccinated dogs local recurrence rate was 34.8 and 42%, respectively while lung metastatic rate was 39 and 79%, respectively.
Retrospective evaluation of acute liver failure in dogs (1995–2012): 49 cases
Authors: Lester Carrie , Cooper Johanna , Peters Rachel M. , Webster Cynthia R. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical presentation and outcome of dogs with acute liver failure (ALF).DesignRetrospective case series from January 1995 to December 2012.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsForty‐nine dogs were diagnosed with ALF defined as the acute onset of clinical signs accompanied by serum hyperbilirubinemia and coagulopathy (prothrombin time >1.5 times the upper limit of the reference interval) with or without signs of hepatic encephalopathy.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively analyzed for clinical presentation, history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic imaging findings, hepatic histopathology, treatment, and outcome.Main ResultsPresenting signs included anorexia (28/49, 57%), vomiting (25/49, 51%), neurologic abnormalities (17/49, 35%), and polydipsia/polyuria (10/49, 20%). Neurologic impairment compatible with hepatic encephalopathy occurred at some point during hospitalization in 28/49 (57%) of dogs. Common clinicopathologic abnormalities on presentation other than hyperbilirubinemia and increased serum liver enzyme activity included thrombocytopenia (25/49, 51%), hypoalbuminemia (23/49, 46%), leukocytosis (17/49, 34%), anemia (14/49, 29%), hypokalemia (13/49, 27%), and hypoglycemia (10/49, 20%). The causes of ALF included neoplasia (13/49, 27%), presumptive leptosporosis (4/49, 8%), and ischemia (1/49, 2%). The remaining cases were idiopathic although 15 of these dogs had exposure to possible hepatotoxins. Common lesions in the 35/49 (71%) dogs that had hepatic histopathology were necrosis (19/39, 48%), lipidosis (16/39, 41%), vacuolar change (7/49, 14%), and inflammation (4/49, 8%). Complications included ascites (20/49, 41%), bleeding tendencies (14/49, 29%), pancreatitis (12/49, 24%), and acute tubular necrosis (11/49, 22%). Seven (14%) dogs survived to discharge. Survivors had higher alanine aminotransferase activity, and were more likely to maintain normal albumin concentrations and not develop clinical bleeding or ascites during hospitalization.ConclusionsCanine ALF is associated with multiple etiologies and a high mortality rate. Strategies to increase survival are urgently required.
The transcription factor NeuroD2 coordinates synaptic innervation and cell intrinsic properties to control excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons
Authors: Chen Fading , Moran Jacqueline T. , Zhang Yihui , Ates Kristin M. , Yu Diankun , Schrader Laura A. , Das Partha M. , Jones Frank E. , Hall Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2016

Key points
Synaptic excitation and inhibition must be properly balanced in individual neurons and neuronal networks to allow proper brain function.
Disrupting this balance may lead to autism spectral disorders and epilepsy.
We show the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor NeuroD2 promotes inhibitory synaptic drive but also decreases cell‐intrinsic neuronal excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons both in vitro and in vivo.
We identify two genes potentially downstream of NeuroD2‐mediated transcription that regulate these parameters: gastrin‐releasing peptide and the small conductance, calcium‐activated potassium channel, SK2.
Our results reveal an important function for NeuroD2 in balancing synaptic neurotransmission and intrinsic excitability.
Our results offer insight into how synaptic innervation and intrinsic excitability are coordinated during cortical development.
AbstractSynaptic excitation and inhibition must be properly balanced in individual neurons and neuronal networks for proper brain function. Disruption of this balance during development may lead to autism spectral disorders and epilepsy. Synaptic excitation is counterbalanced by synaptic inhibition but also by attenuation of cell‐intrinsic neuronal excitability. To maintain proper excitation levels during development, neurons must sense activity over time and regulate the expression of genes that control these parameters. While this is a critical process, little is known about the transcription factors involved in coordinating gene expression to control excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance. We show here that the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor NeuroD2 promotes inhibitory synaptic drive but also decreases cell‐intrinsic neuronal excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons both in vitro and in vivo as shown by ex vivo analysis of a NeuroD2 knockout mouse. Using microarray analysis and comparing wild‐type and NeuroD2 knockout cortical networks, we identified two potential gene targets of NeuroD2 that contribute to these processes: gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) and the small conductance, calcium‐activated potassium channel, SK2. We found that the GRP receptor antagonist RC‐3059 and the SK2 specific blocker apamin partially reversed the effects of increased NeuroD2 expression on inhibitory synaptic drive and action potential repolarization, respectively. Our results reveal an important function for NeuroD2 in balancing synaptic neurotransmission and intrinsic excitability and offer insight into how these processes are coordinated during cortical development.
Heterogeneous firing rate response of mouse layer V pyramidal neurons in the fluctuation‐driven regime
Authors: Zerlaut Y. , Teleńczuk B. , Deleuze C. , Bal T. , Ouanounou G. , Destexhe A. 
Published: May 2016

Key points
We recreated in vitro the fluctuation‐driven regime observed at the soma during asynchronous network activity in vivo and we studied the firing rate response as a function of the properties of the membrane potential fluctuations.
We provide a simple analytical template that captures the firing response of both pyramidal neurons and various theoretical models.
We found a strong heterogeneity in the firing rate response of layer V pyramidal neurons: in particular, individual neurons differ not only in their mean excitability level, but also in their sensitivity to fluctuations.
Theoretical modelling suggest that this observed heterogeneity might arise from various expression levels of the following biophysical properties: sodium inactivation, density of sodium channels and spike frequency adaptation.
AbstractCharacterizing the input–output properties of neocortical neurons is of crucial importance for understanding the properties emerging at the network level. In the regime of low‐rate irregular firing (such as in the awake state), determining those properties for neocortical cells remains, however, both experimentally and theoretically challenging. Here, we studied this problem using a combination of theoretical modelling and in vitro experiments. We first identified, theoretically, three somatic variables that describe the dynamical state at the soma in this fluctuation‐driven regime: the mean, standard deviation and time constant of the membrane potential fluctuations. Next, we characterized the firing rate response of individual layer V pyramidal cells in this three‐dimensional space by means of perforated‐patch recordings and dynamic clamp in the visual cortex of juvenile mice in vitro. We found that individual neurons strongly differ not only in terms of their excitability, but also, and unexpectedly, in their sensitivities to fluctuations. Finally, using theoretical modelling, we attempted to reproduce these results. The model predicts that heterogeneous levels of biophysical properties such as sodium inactivation, sharpness of sodium activation and spike frequency adaptation account for the observed diversity of firing rate responses. Because the firing rate response will determine population rate dynamics during asynchronous neocortical activity, our results show that cortical populations are functionally strongly inhomogeneous in young mouse visual cortex, which should have important consequences on the strategies of cortical computation at early stages of sensory processing.