bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Energetic Optimization during Adaptation Differs for Metabolic, Mechanical, and Perceptual Estimates of Energetic Cost
Authors: Sánchez Natalia , Park Sungwoo , Finley James M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe theory that the sensorimotor system minimizes energetic cost during locomotion has long been supported by both computational models and empirical studies. However, it has yet to be determined if the behavior to which people converge when exposed to a novel perturbation during locomotion is also energetically optimal. We address this issue in the context of adaptation to walking on a split-belt treadmill, which can impose a left-right asymmetry in step lengths. In response to this asymmetry, participants gradually adjust their foot placement to adopt steps of equal length. Here, we characterized metabolic, mechanical, and perceptual estimates of energetic cost associated with a range of asymmetries to determine whether symmetry is the energetically optimal strategy for walking on a split-belt treadmill. We found that taking steps of equal length did not minimize metabolic cost or mechanical cost. In addition, perceptual estimates of cost were not sensitive to changes in asymmetry. However, symmetry was identified as the optimal strategy when energetic cost was estimated from a composite metric that combined both metabolic and mechanical costs. These results suggest that adaptation may arise from optimization of a composite estimate of effort derived from feedback about the interaction between the body and environment.
Impaired endo-lysosomal membrane integrity accelerates the seeding progression of α-synuclein aggregates
Authors: Jiang Peizhou , Gan Ming , Yen Shu-Hui , McLean Pamela J. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn neurodegenerative diseases, seeding is a process initiated by the internalization of exogenous protein aggregates. Multiple pathways for internalization of aggregates have been proposed, including direct membrane penetration and endocytosis. To decipher the seeding mechanisms of alpha-synuclein (αS) aggregates in human cells, we visualized αS aggregation, endo-lysosome distribution, and endo-lysosome rupture in real-time. Our data suggest that exogenous αS can seed endogenous cytoplasmic αS by either directly penetrating the plasma membrane or via endocytosis-mediated endo-lysosome rupture, leading to formation of endo-lysosome-free or endo-lysosome-associated αS aggregates, respectively. Further, we demonstrate that αS aggregates isolated from postmortem human brains with diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) preferentially show endocytosis-mediated seeding associated with endo-lysosome rupture and have significantly reduced seeding activity compared to recombinant αS aggregates. Colocalization of αS pathology with galectin-3 (a marker of endo-lysosomal membrane rupture) in the basal forebrain of DLBD, but not in age-matched controls, suggests endo-lysosome rupture is involved in the formation of αS pathology in humans. Interestingly, cells with endo-lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) are more vulnerable to the seeding effects of αS aggregates. This study suggests that endo-lysosomal impairment in neurons might play an important role in PD progression.
The organizing effects of elevated CO2 on competition among estuarine primary producers
Authors: Young Craig S. , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFossil fuel combustion, eutrophication, and upwelling introduce excess CO2 into coastal zones. The extent to which marine autotrophs may benefit from elevated CO2 will be a function of their carbon limitation and, among other factors, competition with other primary producers. Here, we report on experiments performed with North Atlantic species of Ulva and Gracilaria grown in situ or exposed to ambient (~400 µatm) and elevated pCO2 (~2500 µatm) and/or subjected to competition with each other and/or with natural plankton assemblages. Elevated pCO2 significantly increased the growth rates of Gracilaria and Ulva and yielded significant declines in tissue δ13C, suggesting that increased growth was associated with increased CO2 use relative to HCO3−. Gracilaria growth was unaffected by competition with plankton or Ulva, while Ulva experienced significantly reduced growth when competing with Gracilaria or plankton. Dinoflagellates experienced significantly increased growth when exposed to elevated pCO2 but significantly slower growth when competing with Gracilaria. Elevated carbon-to-nitrogen ratios among macroalgae suggested that competition for nitrogen also shaped interactions among autotrophs, particularly Ulva. While some estuarine autotrophs benefit from elevated pCO2, the benefit can change when direct competition with other primary producers is considered with Gracilaria outcompeting Ulva and dinoflagellates outcompeting diatoms under elevated pCO2.
Manipulating magnetoelectric properties by interfacial coupling in La0.3Sr0.7MnO3/Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 superlattices
Authors: Guo Haizhong , Li Qingqing , Yang Zhengzhong , Jin Kui-juan , Ge Chen , Gu Lin , He Xu , Li Xiaolong , Zhao Ruiqiang , Wan Qian , Wang Jiesu , He Meng , Wang Can , Lu Huibin , Yang Yuping , Yang Guozhen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractArtificial superlattices constructed with ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer and ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 layer were designed and fabricated on SrTiO3 substrates. An epitaxial growth with sharp interfaces between La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 layers was confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. An unambiguous charge transfer involving an electron transferring from the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers to Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 layers (Mn3+→Mn4+; Ti4+→Ti3+) across the interface were resolved by electron energy loss spectra analysis. These observations are attributed to the possible modification in the stereochemistry of the Ti and Mn ions in the interfacial region. The out-of-plane lattice parameter, Curie temperature, and magnetoresistance are strongly affected by the thicknesses of the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 layers. Huge magnetoresistance subsisting to low temperature was also observed in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 superlattices. All spectral changes identified at a nanometer scale and their potential effect on the degradation of magnetic and transport properties at a macroscopic level. These findings highlight the importance of dependence on sublayer thickness, illustrating the high degree of tenability in these artificially low-dimensional oxide materials.
CM suppression enhancement for balanced band‐notched UWB closed‐aperture antenna
Authors: Chen W.‐X. , Lee C.‐H. , Hsu C.‐I.G. 
Published: August 2017

A strategy for enhancing the common‐mode (CM) suppression of a band‐notched UWB closed‐aperture antenna is proposed. The antenna circuit consists of a differentially coplanar‐waveguide‐fed hexagonal‐aperture antenna and a pair of wave‐trapping slotline resonators for producing a 5.5 GHz notch band. The enhancement of the CM suppression was achieved by setting the dimension of the aperture along the longitudinal direction (i.e. the direction parallel to the feedlines) small enough, so that the first resonant mode of the CM half‐circuit of the aperture antenna can be pushed beyond the differential‐mode (DM) UWB passband. A fabricated balanced band‐notched UWB antenna was measured to have a 10 dB DM passband of 3–11.2 GHz with a notch band of 5.1–6.1 GHz. Good measured CM suppression was observed with a maximum return loss of 2.9 dB in the DM UWB passband.
96 GHz 4.7 mW low‐power frequency tripler with 0.5 V supply voltage
Authors: Liang W. , Mukherjee A. , Sakalas P. , Pawlak A. , Schröter M. 
Published: August 2017

Using forward‐biased base–collector voltage (VBC) in high‐speed circuits is usually not attractive due to the performance degradation compared with biasing heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in the forward‐active region. However, the use of ultra‐low supply voltage in millimetre‐wave circuits provides an interesting application scenario not only for demonstrating the potential of modern silicon germanium (SiGe) HBT technologies in implementing severely power‐constrained wireless circuits on silicon but also for verifying the accuracy of compact models beyond standard characteristics typically measured by foundries. The results of a 96 GHz frequency tripler deliberately designed with a reduced supply voltage (0.5 V) in a 130 nm SiGe HBT technology are presented. With only 4.7 mW DC power consumption, this frequency tripler achieves a conversion loss of 3.8 dB, generating a 96 GHz output signal with only −10 dBm input signal at 32 GHz. The impact of transistor series resistances on the tripler performance is also analysed.
Robust head CT image registration pipeline for craniosynostosis skull correction surgery
Authors: Dangi Shusil , Shah Hina , Porras Antonio R. , Paniagua Beatriz , Linte Cristian A. , Linguraru Marius , Enquobahrie Andinet 
Published: August 2017

Craniosynostosis is a congenital malformation of the infant skull typically treated via corrective surgery. To accurately quantify the extent of deformation and identify the optimal correction strategy, the patient‐specific skull model extracted from a pre‐surgical computed tomography (CT) image needs to be registered to an atlas of head CT images representative of normal subjects. Here, the authors present a robust multi‐stage, multi‐resolution registration pipeline to map a patient‐specific CT image to the atlas space of normal CT images. The proposed registration pipeline first performs an initial optimisation at very low resolution to yield a good initial alignment that is subsequently refined at high resolution. They demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method by evaluating its performance on 560 head CT images of 320 normal subjects and 240 craniosynostosis patients and show a success rate of 92.8 and 94.2%, respectively. Their method achieved a mean surface‐to‐surface distance between the patient and template skull of <2.5 mm in the targeted skull region across both the normal subjects and patients.
Electrochemical immunosensor for alpha‐fetoprotein based on prussian blue‐carbon nanotube@polydopamine
Authors: Gao Ke , Sun Zhao , Pan Bo Guang , Qiao Xiuwen , Hong Chenglin 
Published: August 2017

In this work, a new electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was developed by using glassy carbon electrode modified by prussian blue‐carbon nanotubes@ polydopamine (PB‐CNTs@PDA). PB was used to load and coated by CNT and PDA, respectively, to increase the conductivity and specific surface area of nanocomposite, and to prevent the unstable and outflow of PB on the surface of electrode. Additionally, gold nanoparticles were synthesised on the surface of PB‐CNTs@PDA dependent on excellent reduction ability of PDA coating without any other reducing agents, which provided a favourable microenvironment to increase the loading capacity of antibody without deactivation. Under optimal experimental conditions, the immunosensor shown excellent detection performance with a wide dynamic response range of AFP concentration from 0.005 to 80 ng ml−1 and a detection limit of 0.001 ng ml−1 (S /N = 3). The proposed electrochemical immunoassay method provides potential applications for other antigens or tumour markers in clinical diagnosis.
Wunderwerk Gebärmutter
Authors: Mack Susanne 
Published: August 2017

Die Gebärmutter stellt in vielerlei Hinsicht ein ganz besonderes Organ dar. Für
ihre Hauptaufgabe (Schwangerschaft und Geburt) wird sie – wenn überhaupt – nur
für eine kurze Zeit im Leben einer Frau gebraucht und das nicht, um den
Organismus der Frau zu erhalten, sondern den der ganzen Art.
Impact of a Dedicated Research Rotation during Ophthalmology Residency
Authors: Valikodath Nita , Fausett Blake , Oren Gale , Whitney Katherine , Woodward Maria , Mian Shahzad 
Published: August 2017

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that ophthalmology residents participate in scholarly activity during residency. However, residents lack protected time for research.
Objective This article aims to determine the impact of a dedicated research rotation on scholarly productivity and research experience during residency.
Methods This cohort study compared two groups of ophthalmology residents. Residents who graduated between 2004 and 2009 did not have dedicated research time and served as control residents (CR), while residents who graduated between 2010 and 2015 had a dedicated research rotation and served as the intervention group (research residents, RR). Primary outcomes included publications and presentations recorded over a 4-year period, spanning the 3 years of residency and the first year after graduation. These were analyzed by linear regression and t-tests. Residents also took surveys regarding research experience and chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to compare these results.
Results The RR had 0.97 more publications and 1.3 more presentations compared with the CR after adjusting for PhD status, pre-residency publications and presentations, age at graduation, gender, and race (p = 0.09 and p = 0.02, respectively). RR had higher odds of reporting adequate time to complete research (odds ratio [OR] = 13.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.58–48.03, p < 0.001) and satisfaction with their research experience (OR = 6.96, 95% CI = 2.104–23.053, p = 0.002).
Conclusion Residents with a research rotation had more time to complete research, were more satisfied with their research experience, and generated more publications and presentations compared with residents without the research rotation. A research rotation can help meet ACGME requirements and help residents achieve greater scholarly activity.
Técnicas de transferencia nerviosa en lesiones del miembro superior
Authors: Martínez Martínez Francisco , Ñíguez Sevilla B. , García García J. , García López A. 
Published: August 2017

ResumenLas lesiones nerviosas proximales tanto de miembro superior como del plexo están asociadas con un mal pronóstico, incluso con una reparación temprana. En las últimas décadas ha existido un aumento de técnicas de transferencia nerviosa, mediante las cuales un nervio periférico denervado es reinervado por un nervio donante sano. Las transferencias nerviosas están indicadas en lesiones del plexo braquial proximal donde no es posible el injerto o en lesiones proximales de los nervios periféricos con largas distancias de reinervación.Las transferencias de nervios representan una revolución en la cirugía del nervio periférico y ofrecen el potencial para la recuperación funcional superior en lesiones nerviosas graves. En las lesiones completas del plexo braquial se investiga la existencia de raíces disponibles para utilizarlas como donantes de axones (transferencias intraplexuales). En caso de no existir, se recurre a las transferencias de nervios que no forman parte del plexo (transferencias extraplexuales) como pueden ser el nervio espinal accesorio, el nervio frénico, los nervios intercostales, etc.En el presente artículo de actualización, se hará una revisión de las técnicas quirúrgicas de transferencias nerviosas motoras tanto intra como extraplexuales.
Procedimientos quirúrgicos de los miembros de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Mano (SECMA) para la artrosis trapecio-metacarpiana: Un examen de las tendencias de la práctica clínica actual
Authors: Cantero-Téllez Raquel , Villafañe Jorge , Valdes Kristin , Berjano Pedro 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar los diferentes enfoques terapéuticos empleados en la práctica clínica habitual entre los cirujanos de mano en España en el abordaje de la artrosis trapecio-metacarpiana (TMC).
Material y Método Se desarrolló una encuesta de 15 ítems para determinar los patrones terapéuticos en la práctica clínica de los cirujanos de mano en España que tratan la artrosis TMC. Esa prueba piloto se distribuyó a través de un servicio de encuestas en línea profesional (SurveyMonkey).
Resultados El 94% de los cirujanos de mano en España se basan en la intensidad de dolor referida por el paciente para tomar una decisión quirúrgica. El 75% los inmoviliza durante un periodo de 3 semanas tras la cirugía y solo el 36% de los encuestados evalúa la intensidad de dolor después de la cirugía.
Conclusiones Esa encuesta proporciona datos valiosos en relación con los patrones terapéuticos de la práctica clínica actual en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la artrosis TMC en los cirujanos de mano españoles.
Nivel de Evidencia Nivel V.
Metacarpal Enlargement of the Amputated Thumb using Callotaxis: An Observational Study
Authors: Lambán-Mascaray Noemí , Blanco-Baiges Eduardo , Marquina-Sola Pedro , Barco-Marcellán Jesús , Pajares-Cabanillas Samuel , Gómez-Vallejo Jesús 
Published: August 2017

Purpose To confirm the effectiveness of bone elongation through callus distraction of the first metacarpal as a functional alternative in active patients with a thumb amputation.
Methods The study population consisted of patients who suffered a nonreplantable amputation of the thumb and failed to meet the criteria for a microsurgical transfer at our hospitals between 1995 and 2014. We performed an observational cohort study for the incidence analysis and a cross-sectional design for the analysis of the correlations among the variables.
Results We presented 23 callus distractions of the first metacarpal, with an elongation time between surgeries of approximately 104.7 days (standard deviation [SD]: 3.2), with a miniRail external mini-fixator, and an average elongation of 25.5 mm (SD: 0.54). All patients achieved a functional grip, but five of them had to find new jobs. The degree of satisfaction was high, except in two patients, and was significantly related to the time of the elongation.
Conclusions Callus distraction allows for a reconstruction of the thumb with few complications. We recommend associating it with a commissuroplasty and an adductor transposition. Patients give more importance to the comfort of the procedure than to the elongated length, provided that adequate function is achieved.
Muscle: Ischemia, Infarction, and Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Broski Stephen , Tiegs Heiden Christin , Ringler Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMuscle ischemia and infarction are associated with a variety of pathologic conditions and commonly encountered in busy imaging practices. This article reviews the most common clinical scenarios in which they are seen including compartment syndrome, diabetic myonecrosis, and rhabdomyolysis, focusing on the imaging findings and differential diagnosis for each disease process. Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly useful in differentiating myonecrosis from muscle ischemia and myositis, and it is highly accurate in diagnosing the most common type of compartment syndrome.
Musculotendinous Disorders of the Abdomen and Pelvis
Authors: Palmer William , Bredella Miriam , Kheterpal Arvin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMusculotendinous disorders of the abdomen and pelvis are common causes of pain in both athletes and nonathletes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice in the work-up of these patients. This article focuses on the MRI appearance of normal anatomy and spectrum of musculotendinous disorders in the abdomen and pelvis including muscle strains and tears, avulsions and apophysitis, muscular contusions, athletic groin pain, and gluteal aponeurotic/proximal iliotibial band injuries. Normal biomechanics and injury mechanisms are discussed.
MRI of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Authors: Kislinger Benedikt , Dessouky Riham , Chhabra Avneesh , Andreisek Gustav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis review article reviews muscle function and anatomy, describes normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging anatomy, and shows a spectrum of abnormal imaging findings. It covers the lumbrical, interosseous, and thenar and hypothenar muscles. The described spectrum of abnormalities includes anatomical variants, exercise-induced MR signal changes, denervation syndromes, and myositis, as well as tumors. Advanced imaging techniques are discussed at the end to provide a look at future hand muscle imaging.
Diabetes Insipidus following Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Ajlan Abdulrazag , Abdulqader Sarah , Achrol Achal , Aljamaan Yousef , Feroze Abdullah , Katznelson Laurence , Harsh Griffith 
Published: August 2017

Objectives Pituitary adenoma (PA), among the most commonly encountered sellar pathologies, accounts for 10% of primary intracranial tumors. The reported incidence of postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) is highly variable. In this study, we report our experience with DI following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for PAs, elucidating the risk factors of postoperative DI, the likelihood of long-term DI, and the impact of DI on the length of stay (LOS).
Methods The study included 178 patients who underwent endoscopic resection of PAs. Early DI was defined as that occurring within the first postoperative week. The mean follow-up was 36 months. Long-term DI was considered as DI apparent in the last follow-up visit.
Results Of the 178 patients included in the study, 77% of the tumors were macroadenomas. Forty-seven patients (26%) developed early DI. Long-term DI was observed in 18 (10.1%) of the full cohort. Age younger than 50 years was significantly associated with a higher incidence of long-term DI (p = 0.02). Macroadenoma and gross total resection were significantly associated with higher incidence of early DI (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). The mean LOS was 4 days for patients with early postoperative DI and 3 days for those without it.
Conclusion The reported incidence of postoperative DI is significantly variable. We identified age younger than 50 years a risk factor for developing long-term postoperative DI. Gross total surgical resection and tumor size (> 1 cm) were associated with development of early DI. Early DI increased the LOS on average by 1 day.