bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of non‐acid gastro‐esophageal reflux in children with respiratory symptoms
Authors: Zenzeri Letizia , Quitadamo Paolo , Tambucci Renato , Ummarino Dario , Poziello Antonio , Miele Erasmo , Staiano Annamaria 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectivesRespiratory symptoms are a possible atypical clinical picture of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, a significant number of patients with GERD‐related respiratory symptoms do not report improvement despite aggressive acid‐suppressive therapy. Some of these refractory cases may be due to the recently appreciated entity of non‐acid or weakly acidic reflux. The aim of our study is to assess the pH‐impedance features of GER inducing airway symptoms, compared with GER inducing typical gastro‐intestinal (GI) symptoms.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled infants and children with GERD‐related respiratory symptoms from January 2015 to December 2015. Age‐ and sex‐matched patients with GERD‐related GI symptoms were enrolled as comparison group. The overall number, the acidity pattern, and the height of reflux episodes were compared between the two groups.ResultsForty patients (M/F: 20/20; mean age: 58.3 months) were enrolled in the study group and 40 in the comparison group. The mean acid exposure index was 7.9% within the study group and 15.9% within the comparison group (p:0.026). Children with respiratory symptoms versus children with GI symptoms had a mean of 40.8 acid reflux episodes versus 62.4 (p:0.001), a mean of 2.2 weakly acid reflux episodes versus 20.1 (p:0.002), and a mean of 22.1 weakly alkaline reflux episodes versus 10.2 (P < 0.001). Separate analysis of both infants and children was performed.ConclusionsThe main finding of this prospective, controlled study is that children >1 year with GERD‐related respiratory symptoms showed a significantly higher number of weakly alkaline refluxes than children with GERD‐related GI symptoms. This supports the hypothesis that respiratory symptoms are less related to acidity than GI symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:669–674. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Study on Behind‐Plate Overpressure Effect by Reactive Material Projectile
Authors: Xu Fengyue , Geng Baoqun , Zhang Xuepeng , Xiao Jianguang , Wang Haifu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe behind‐plate overpressure effect by a reactive material projectile with a density of 7.7 g cm−3 was investigated by ballistic impact and sealed chamber tests. The reactive projectile was launched onto the initially sealed test chamber with a 2024‐T3 aluminum cover plate with a thickness of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm, respectively. Moreover, the overpressure signals in the test chamber were recorded by a pressure sensor and a data acquisition system. The experimental results show that the behind‐plate overpressure effect is significantly influenced by plate thickness and impact velocity. For a given plate thickness, the peak overpressure in the test chamber shows an increasing trend with increase of impact velocity. However, for a given impact velocity, when impacting the 6 mm thick aluminum plate, the peak overpressure measured and the impulse delivered to chamber are higher than the values recorded for the 3 mm and 10 mm thick aluminum plates. As such, it is inferred that there is an optimum plate thickness to maximize the behind‐plate overpressure effect by reactive projectile.
Spider (Araneae) predations on white‐backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera in subtropical rice ecosystems, China
Authors: Wang Xue‐Qin , Wang Guang‐Hua , Zhu Zeng‐Rong , Tang Qi‐Yi , Hu Yang , Qiao Fei , Heong Kong Luen , Cheng Jia‐an 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpiders are effective biological control agents in rice ecosystems, but the comparative study of predations among main spider species under field conditions has not been fully explored owing to a lack of practical methodology. In this study, more than 6000 spiders of dominant species were collected from subtropical rice ecosystems to compare their predations on Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (white‐backed planthopper, WBPH) using DNA‐based gut content analysis.RESULTSThe positive rates for all spider taxa were closely related to prey densities, as well as their behaviors and niches. The relationships of positive rates to prey planthopper densities for Pardosa pseudoannulata (Böes. et Str.), Coleosoma octomaculata (Böes. et Str.), Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell and Ummeliata insecticeps (Böes. et Str.) under field conditions could be described using saturated response curves. Quantitative comparisons of predations among the four spider species confirmed that P. pseudoannulata and C. octomaculata were more rapacious than U. insecticeps and T. maxillosa under field conditions. A comparison of ratio of spiders to WBPH and positive rates between fields revealed that biological control by spiders could be effectively integrated with variety resistance.CONCLUSIONGeneralist spiders could follow up WBPH population timely, and assemblages of spiders coupled with variety resistance could effectively suppress WBPH population. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Plasmaprimer
Authors: Janssens Joachim , Messelhäuser Johannes , Eisenlohr Jörg 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBeim Ersatz von lösemittelhaltigen Lacken oder Haftvermittlern sind zum Teil neuartige Fertigungsverfahren notwendig. Die plasmaunterstützte Gasphasenabscheidung ermöglicht es, die Oberfläche von Bauteilen je nach Bedarf zu verändern, wobei das Verfahren die Chance birgt, Verbesserungen in der Haftung, der Handhabung und der Umweltverträglichkeit zu schaffen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein dem entsprechendes Verfahren und die Aussicht von Weiterentwicklungen vorgestellt.
Die Rolle der Regionalplanung im Umgang mit Windenergiekonflikten in Deutschland und Perspektiven für die raumbezogene Forschung
Authors: Wirth Peter , Leibenath Markus 
Published: October 2016

In Germany, regional planning plays a key role in the designation of sites for wind turbines. Relying on instruments such as “priority areas”, “suitable areas” and “exclusion areas”, regional planners have the legal authority to designate areas for wind energy schemes. Bearing in mind their leading role in the final decision regarding the siting of such plants, regional planners find themselves on the firing line between the supporters and opponents of wind power. The first group considers wind power as an efficient, clean and safe source of energy as well as an alternative to non-regenerative fuels. For the second group, wind farms present a risk to health and are drivers of an unwanted change of landscape. The aim of this paper is to examine the potentials and limitations of regional planning concerning these conflicts. Specifically, we investigate the ongoing regional plan for the Saxon planning region Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge (Upper Elbe Valley/Eastern Ore Mountains). One interesting aspect of the planning process is a dedicated working group that aims to bring together supporters and opponents of wind energy. The results show that while regional planning can help to bring transparency to the planning process, it is unable to resolve the basic conflict between the two sides.
Modeling of magnetotelluric fields within a block geoelectric model of the southern border of the Chu Basin (Northern Tien Shan)
Authors: Belyavsky V.V. , Spichak V.V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric fields made by 3D block modeling of magnetotelluric (MT) fields of geoelectric models permitted construction of alternative geoelectric models fitting real MT data. Based on their analysis, highly conductive zones have been identified at different depths of the crust. Their correct interpretation requires the use of reliable gravity, temperature, and seismic data. Sensitivity analysis of 3D MT model curves with respect to conductive crustal blocks has shown that it is advisable to use the maximum curves of the phase tensor to estimate the electrical conductivity of the crustal and mantle parts of the section. The information value of these curves is close to that of the maximum induction curve on mapping conductive blocks in the upper and middle crust. It is also shown that the real Wiese–Parkinson vectors provide high resolution on estimating the excess integrated conductivity of the crustal blocks. Therefore, magnetovariational sounding in the Northern Tien Shan should be continued.
Trachyandesites of the Mogot volcanic field (Stanovoi volcanoplutonic belt, East Siberia): age, geochemical features, and sources
Authors: Buchko I.V. , Sorokin A.A. , Ponomarchuk V.A. , Kotov A.B. , Travin A.V. , Kovach V.P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The performed 40Ar/39Ar geochronological studies yielded the first reliable age of trachyandesites of the Mogot volcanic field (115 ± 3 Ma), which, together with the age of trachyandesites of the Bomnak volcanic field (117 ± 1 Ma), gives grounds to recognize a new stage (117–115 Ma) of evolution of the Stanovoi volcanoplutonic belt superposed on the igneous and metamorphic complexes of the Dzhugdzhur–Stanovoi superterrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and Stanovoi structural suture. The trachyandesites of the Mogot volcanic field are similar in geochemical features to adakites. Their parental melts resulted from the transformation of Precambrian continental crust under postcollisional extension after the formation of the Mongolo–Okhotsk orogen or under sliding along the boundary between the North Asian craton and the Amurian microcontinent.
Alluvial platinum-group minerals as indicators of primary PGE mineralization (placers of southern Siberia)
Authors: Zhmodik S.M. , Nesterenko G.V. , Airiyants E.V. , Belyanin D.K. , Kolpakov V.V. , Podlipsky M.Yu. , Karmanov N.S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The platinum-group minerals (PGM) in placer deposits provide important information on the types of their primary source rocks and ores and formation and alteration conditions. Different characteristics of minerals can be determined by a set of conventional and modern in situ analytical techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)). A study of PGM from placers of southern Siberia (Kuznetsk Alatau, Gornaya Shoria, and Salair Ridge) shows that the morphology and composition of PGM grains, the texture, morphology, and composition of silicate, oxide, and intermetallic microinclusions, and the type of mineral alteration can serve as efficient indicators of the primary sources of PGM. The widespread rock associations in the Kuznetsk Alatau, Gornaya Shoria, and Salair Ridge, the compositions of PGM and microinclusions in them, and the dominant mineral assemblages testify to several possible primary sources of PGE mineralization: (1) Uralian–Alaskan-type intrusions; (2) ophiolite associations, including those formed in a subduction zone; (3) ultramafic alkaline massifs; and, probably, (4) rocks of the picrite–basalt association. The preservation of poorly rounded and unrounded PGM grains in many of the studied placers of the Altai–Sayan Folded Area (ASFA) suggests a short transport from their primary source.
Composition and parageneses of massive pyrolusite from the deep-water basin of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Astakhova N.V. , Lopatnikov E.A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hard fragments (crushed only by a hammer) of manganese deposits differing strongly in appearance from the regional ferromanganese crusts were sampled from depths of 3500–3200 m during the dredging of an unnamed seamount in the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan. Their surface has a black carbonaceous coating; after its removal, the crusts become steel-gray. The specific weight of these crust fragments is 3.35 g/cm3, whereas the regional crusts have a specific weight of &lt;2 g/cm3. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the sampled fragments consist of pure pyrolusite. There are also fragments of crusts formed by todorokite and birnessite. All pyrolusite samples have an abnormally high content of Mn (up to 63%). The Mn/Fe ratio reaches 9016. The conclusion is drawn that the manganese crusts formed on this seamount are of hydrothermal genesis.
Capturing nonlinear dynamics of two-fluid Couette flows with asymptotic models
Authors: Kalogirou A. , Cîmpeanu R. , Keaveny E. E. , Papageorgiou D. T. 
Published: October 2016

The nonlinear stability of two-fluid Couette flows is studied using a novel evolution equation whose dynamics is validated by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The evolution equation incorporates inertial effects at arbitrary Reynolds numbers through a non-local term arising from the coupling between the two fluid regions, and is valid when one of the layers is thin. The equation predicts asymmetric solutions and exhibits bistability, features that are essential observations in the experiments of Barthelet et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 303, 1995, pp. 23–53). Related low-inertia models have been used in qualitative predictions rather than the direct comparisons carried out here, and ad hoc modifications appear to be necessary in order to predict asymmetry and bistability. Comparisons between model solutions and DNS show excellent agreement at Reynolds numbers of $O(10^{3})$ found in the experiments. Direct comparisons are also made with the available experimental results of Barthelet et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 303, 1995, pp. 23–53) when the thin layer occupies $1/5$ of the channel height. Pointwise comparisons of the travelling wave shapes are carried out, and once again the agreement is very good.
Exchanging a few commercial, regularly consumed food items with improved fat quality reduces total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ulven Stine M. , Leder Lena , Elind Elisabeth , Ottestad Inger , Christensen Jacob J. , Telle-Hansen Vibeke H. , Skjetne Anne J. , Raael Ellen , Sheikh Navida A. , Holck Marianne , Torvik Kristin , Lamglait Amandine , Thyholt Kari , Byfuglien Marte G. , Granlund Linda , Andersen Lene F. , Holven Kirsten B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe healthy Nordic diet has been previously shown to have health beneficial effects among subjects at risk of CVD. However, the extent of food changes needed to achieve these effects is less explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exchanging a few commercially available, regularly consumed key food items (e.g. spread on bread, fat for cooking, cheese, bread and cereals) with improved fat quality on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and inflammatory markers in a double-blind randomised, controlled trial. In total, 115 moderately hypercholesterolaemic, non-statin-treated adults (25–70 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental diet group (Ex-diet group) or control diet group (C-diet group) for 8 weeks with commercially available food items with different fatty acid composition (replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA). In the Ex-diet group, serum total cholesterol (P<0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (P<0·001) were reduced after 8 weeks, compared with the C-diet group. The difference in change between the two groups at the end of the study was −9 and −11 % in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, respectively. No difference in change in plasma levels of inflammatory markers (high-sensitive C-reactive protein, IL-6, soluble TNF receptor 1 and interferon-γ) was observed between the groups. In conclusion, exchanging a few regularly consumed food items with improved fat quality reduces total cholesterol, with no negative effect on levels of inflammatory markers. This shows that an exchange of a few commercially available food items was easy and manageable and led to clinically relevant cholesterol reduction, potentially affecting future CVD risk.
The Industrious Revolution: A Concept Too Many?
Authors: Rosenband Leonard N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMuch of the recent debate in early modern European labor and economic history has centered on Jan de Vries’s concept of the industrious revolution. Briefly, he claimed that workers during the period 1650-1800 chose to labor longer hours, often at greater intensity, in order to consume novel manufactured goods and imported commodities. Moreover, plebeian families increasingly pursued new employments beyond the household to pay for these objects. As a result, men, women, and children spent ever more hours in waged labor, and their growing purchasing power proved decisive in stimulating large-scale European industrialization. My work on the history of French and English papermaking raises fundamental challenges to this model. First, paperworkers already labored exhausting hours at the outset of de Vries’s period of newfound industriousness. Second, masters and workers alike knew that they had to both “speed up” and “take their time” to turn out quality paper at the expected rate. Third, women and adolescent workers toiled for wages in paper mills long before the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the eve of large-scale mechanization, enduring shopfloor realities, skills, and quotas prevented a surge of productivity beyond papermaking’s familiar standards. With the demand for paper rising rapidly, it was the absence of an industrious revolution in papermaking that turned the manufacturers’ attention first to enlarged mills and small technological shifts, and finally, to the development of a papermaking machine.
More Than a Game: Football Fans and Marriage Equality
Authors: Harrison Brian F. , Michelson Melissa R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPublic opinion tends to be stable. Once formed, attitudes are persistent and endure over time at both the individual and the aggregate levels. Attitudes toward marriage equality, however, have changed rapidly in recent years. This article posits that this is partly due to people learning that other members of their in-groups are supporters; they then alter their own opinions to be consistent with those of other in-group members. The authors tested this theory using a set of randomized survey experiments that shared identities as fans of professional football. When fans learn—sometimes unexpectedly—that other fans or athletes are supporters of marriage equality, they are motivated to agree in order to further normalize their membership in those sports-fan groups.
Correct Voting and Post-Election Regret
Authors: Blais André , Kilibarda Anja 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTRegret is a basic affect associated with individual choice. While much research in organizational science and consumer behavior has assessed the precedents and consequents of regret, little attention has been paid to regret in political science. The present study assesses the relationship between one of the most democratically consequential forms of political behavior—voting—and feelings of regret. We examine the extent to which citizens regret how they voted after doing so and the factors that might lead one individual to be more regretful than another. Relying on surveys in five different countries after 11 regional and national elections, we find not only that political information leads to a decrease in post-election regret, but also that having voted correctly, or having voted in accordance with one’s underlying preferences regardless of information, similarly mitigates regret. The effect of correct voting on regret is greater among the least informed.
Forecasting Presidential Nominations in 2016: #WePredictedClintonANDTrump
Authors: Dowdle Andrew J. , Adkins Randall E. , Sebold Karen , Cuellar Jarred 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA number of scholars successfully modeled and predicted presidential nomination outcomes from 1996–2008. However, dramatic changes occurred in subsequent years that would seem to make replicating these results challenging at best. Building on those earlier studies, we utilize a series of OLS models that included measures of preprimary resources and early campaign successes or failures to forecast that Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump would win the Democratic and Republican presidential nominations in 2016. This outcome suggests that some fundamental factors governing nomination outcomes have not changed despite the conventional wisdom.
Social Desirability, Hidden Biases, and Support for Hillary Clinton
Authors: Claassen Ryan L. , Ryan John Barry 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAn emerging consensus suggests that women are underrepresented in government because of biases in the recruitment process instead of biases at the ballot box. These results, however, are largely for legislative offices, and research suggests that “male” characteristics are generally associated with executive positions like the presidency. At the same time, some research demonstrates social desirability masks gender biases against women who seek the highest office in the land. We use the historic candidacy of Hillary Clinton to examine if she faces hidden biases in either the primaries or the general election. Two different methods for uncovering hidden biases embedded in national surveys demonstrate small hidden biases that are likely electorally inconsequential.
Presidential Primary Turnout 1972–2016
Authors: Atkeson Lonna Rae , Maestas Cherie D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe explore the implications of sequential presidential primary elections for turnout in selecting the presidential party nominees. Drawing from a micro-level theory of participation in sequential elections, we develop a set of aggregate-level hypotheses that tease out different ways that candidate mobilization efforts as well as the legal and institutional structures within a sequential contest influence turnout in presidential nomination contests. Using data from all state primary elections from 1972–2016, we find that electorates facing winnowed candidate pools, and those with contests after the effective endings to presidential contests have substantially reduced turnout that effectively disenfranchises voters in many states. Sequenced primary elections lead to lower overall turnout and less meaningful participation for many voters during presidential nominations contests.
Party Versus Faction in the Reformed Presidential Nominating System
Authors: Cohen Marty , Karol David , Noel Hans , Zaller John 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPolitical scientists have devoted vastly more attention to general presidential elections than to party nominations for president. This emphasis might be reasonable if parties could be counted on to nominate generic representatives of their traditions. But it is clear that they cannot. Since the party reforms of the 1970s, regulars like Bill Clinton, Bob Dole, and Al Gore have sometimes won fairly easy nominations, but outsider candidates like Jimmy Carter and Howard Dean have made strong runs or even won. 2016 has produced extremes of both types: ultimate regular Hillary Clinton on the Democratic side and far outsider Donald Trump on the Republican side. It seems, moreover, that party regulars are having more difficulty in recent cycles than they did in the 1980s and 1990s. There is therefore some urgency to the question: when and why do party regulars tend to win nominations?We examine this question from the point of view of two well-known studies, Nelson Polsby’sConsequences of Party Reformand our own,The Party Decides. The former explains why incentives built into the reformed system of presidential nominations make outsider and factional candidates like Trump likely. The latter argues that, following the factional nominations of the 1970s, party leaders learned to steer nominations to insider favorites. This article uses the logic of these studies to argue that major trends over the past two decades – the rise of new political media, the flood of early money into presidential nominations, and the conflict among party factions – have made it easier for factional candidates and outsiders to challenge elite control of nominations.