bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportune gem‐Silylborylation of Carbonyl Compounds: A Modular and Stereocontrolled Entry to Tetrasubstituted Olefins
Authors: La Cascia Enrico , Cuenca Ana B. , Fernández Elena 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn easy access to highly versatile gem‐silylboronate synthons is achieved by means of a new olefination reagent, HC(Bpin)2(SiMe3). Subsequent silicon or boron‐based selective functionalization allows for the modular and stereocontrolled synthesis of all‐carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes. A particular attraction of this approach is the iododesilylation reaction, which becomes a pivotal tool for C−Si functionalization.
Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of α‐Silylimines: A Facile Route to Quaternary‐Carbon‐Rich Scaffolds
Authors: Kesava‐Reddy Naredla , Golz Christopher , Strohmann Carsten , Kumar Kamal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed highly enantioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of α‐silylimines with pyrone‐based trisubstituted olefins was developed affording bi‐ and tricyclic α‐quaternary‐carbon‐rich pyrano‐pyrrolidines in excellent yields. The tricyclic benzopyrone adducts thus obtained were efficiently transformed into highly complex tetracyclic scaffolds supporting four consecutive stereogenic centers with three quaternary carbons.
Hydrodynamic difference between inline and batch operation of a rotor‐stator mixer head ‐ A CFD approach
Authors: Håkansson Andreas , Arlov Dragana , Carlsson Fredrik , Innings Fredrik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRotor‐stator mixers (RSMs) can be operated in either batch or inline mode. When operating a rotor‐stator geometry in batch mode, it typically experiences an order of magnitude higher volumetric flow through the stator than in inline mode. This is expected to cause differences in the flow and turbulence in the rotor‐stator region. This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the hydrodynamic differences in and near the stator hole as a function of volumetric flow rates between those experienced in inline and batch modes of operation. It is concluded that both radial flow profiles and turbulent kinetic energy across a range of rotor speeds and flow rates can be described by a velocity ratio: average tangential fluid velocity in the stator hole divided by the rotor tip speed. Moreover, the position where dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy takes place—and hence the effective region of dispersion or mixing—differs between the two modes of operation. The relative importance of the two regions can be described in terms of the velocity ratio and the transition can be predicted based on the relative power input due to rotational and pumping power of the mixer. This study provides a starting point for understanding differences between emulsification efficiency between inline and batch modes of operation with relevance for both equipment design and process scale‐up.
Acryloylphenylcarboxamides: A New Class of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) Modulators
Authors: Kraege Stefanie , Köhler Sebastian C. , Wiese Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChalcones are easily synthesized natural precursors of secondary plant metabolites, and their derivatives show various biological activities including inhibition of ABC transporters. Especially, their role as inhibitors of ABCG2, the most recently discovered ABC transporter involved in multidrug resistance, inspired the synthesis of new structurally diverse derivatives. Therefore, we combined the typical chalcone moiety with several acid chlorides by using an amide linker at position 2′, 3′, or 4′ on ring A of the chalcone. The resulting 35 compounds covered a wide spectrum of substitution patterns, which allowed development of structure–activity relationships and to find the optimal structural features for further investigations. Synthesized acryloylphenylcarboxamides were investigated for their inhibitory activity against ABCG2 and their behavior toward ABCB1 and ABCC1. Furthermore, for the most promising compounds, their intrinsic cytotoxicity and their ability to reverse ABCG2‐mediated multidrug resistance were determined.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine After Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion and Repeat Intramuscular Bolus Injections in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Burdick Michael , Mamelok Richard , Hurliman Michele , Dupuis Mariève , Xie Yuli , Grenier Julie , Sheldon Curtis , Gartner Michael , Noymer Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKetorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that exhibits analgesic activity with no sedative or anxiolytic properties. Twelve healthy male subjects were enrolled in a study to receive either of 2 treatments over 2 periods in an open‐label, randomized, 2‐way crossover design: (A) 120 mg of ketorolac tromethamine administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion over a 24‐hour period; or (B) an identical total daily dose administered as 4 intramuscular bolus injections of 30 mg each given every 6 hours (current labeled treatment regimen). The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles were evaluated for both treatments. Both modes of administration have similar values for area under the curve (AUC) and half‐life (t1/2), suggesting that continuous subcutaneous infusion and repeated intramuscular bolus injections have similar bioavailability. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 40% lower when ketorolac was administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion compared with repeat intramuscular bolus injections. The concentration at steady‐state (Css) for continuous subcutaneous infusion was between the Cmax and Ctrough values obtained following the 4 intramuscular injections. Both treatment arms were well tolerated.
Phase 1 and Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interaction Study of Metformin, Losartan, and Linagliptin Coadministered With DW1029M in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Moon Seol Ju , Kim Sun‐Young , Lim Cheol‐Hee , Jang Hwan Bong , Kim Min‐Gul , Jeon Ji‐Young 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigated botanical drug–pharmaceutical drug interactions between DW1029M (a botanical extract of Morus alba linne root bark and Puerariae radix) and metformin, losartan, and linagliptin in the steady state. Three studies were conducted as randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, 2‐treatment, multiple‐dose, 2‐way crossover designs. Eligible subjects received metformin (500 mg twice daily), losartan (50 mg once daily), or linagliptin (5 mg once daily) with DW1029M (300 mg × 2T twice daily) every 12 hours on days 1 through 6 and a single dose on the morning of day 7. Coadministration of DW1029M with metformin, losartan, or linagliptin had no clinically relevant effects based on the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUCτ) geometric least‐squares mean ratio (GMR) — AUCτ GMR, 89.7; 90% confidence interval (CI), 81.0–99.4 for metformin; AUCτ GMR, 96.2; 90%CI, 86.3–107.1 for losartan; and AUCτ GMR, 89.7; 90%CI, 83.2–96.6 for linagliptin. In addition, coadministration of DW1029M did not have any clinically meaningful effect on the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax,ss) — Cmax,ss GMR, 87.3; 90%CI, 76.2–100.0 for metformin; Cmax,ss GMR, 90.5; 90%CI, 78.3–104.6 for losartan; and Cmax,ss GMR, 81.4; 90%CI, 69.5–95.3 for linagliptin. Coadministration of DW1029M with metformin, losartan, or linagliptin was well tolerated.
Psychometric Properties and Normative values of Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires Set for Children and Adolescents (SQS)
Authors: Güner Olcay 
Published: October 2016

The Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires Set for Children and Adolescents (SQS) was developed to assess early maladaptive schemas in children between the ages of 10 and 16 in Turkey. The SQS consists of five questionnaires that represent five schema domains in Young's schema theory.Psychometric properties (n = 983) and normative values (n = 2250) of SQS were investigated in children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 16. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Results revealed 15 schema factors under five schema domains, with good fit indexes. A total of 14 schema factors were in line with Young's early maladaptive schemas. In addition to these factors, one new schema emerged: self‐disapproval. Reliability analyses showed that SQS has high internal consistency and consistency over a 1‐month interval. Correlations of SQS with the Adjective Check List (ACL), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Symptom Assessment (SA‐45) and the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) were investigated to assess criterion validity, and the correlations revealed encouraging results. SQS significantly differentiated between children who have clinical diagnoses (n = 78) and children who have no diagnosis (n = 100). Finally, general normative values (n = 2,250) were determined for age groups, gender and age/gender groups. In conclusion, the early maladaptive schema questionnaires set for children and adolescents turned out to be a reliable and valid questionnaire with standard scores.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The early maladaptive schema questionnaires set for children and adolescents (SQS) is a psychometrically reliable and valid measure of early maladaptive schemas for children between the ages of 10 and 16.
SQS consists of five schema domains that represent Young's schema domains including 15 early maladaptive schemas and 97 items.
Normative values for each schema were determined for age, gender and age/gender groups.
Clinically, SQS presents valuable information about early maladaptive schemas during childhood and adolescence, before such schemas become more pervasive and persistent.
The marmoset as a model system for studying voluntary motor control
Authors: Walker Jeff , MacLean Jason , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe common marmoset has recently gained interest as an animal model for systems and behavioral neuroscience. This is due in part to the advent of transgenic marmosets, which affords the possibility of combining genetic manipulations with physiological recording and behavioral monitoring to study neural systems. In this review, they will argue that the marmoset provides a unique opportunity to study the neural basis of voluntary motor control from an integrative perspective. First, as an intermediate animal model, the marmoset represents an important bridge in motor system function between other primates, including humans, and rodents. Second, due to the marmoset's small brain size and lissencephalic cortex, novel electrophysiological and optical recording technologies will allow an integrative study of cortical function at multiple spatial scales beyond that afforded by other non‐human primate models. Finally, as a primate expressing an ancestral state of corticospinal organization, the marmoset offers the possibility of understanding the integrative function of cortical and spinal interneuron circuitry in isolation of more recent corticomotoneuronal elaborations. If the potential of the marmoset as a model species is to be realized, they will need to learn to work with their natural behavioral repertoire. They have concluded by considering practical aspects of studying motor systems with marmosets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 273–285, 2017
Cooperation and crosstalk in axon guidance cue integration: Additivity, synergy, and fine‐tuning in combinatorial signaling
Authors: Morales Daniel , Kania Artur 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTNeural circuit development involves the coordinated growth and guidance of axons to their targets. Following the identification of many guidance cue molecules, recent experiments have focused on the interactions of their signaling cascades, which can be generally classified as additive or non‐additive depending on the signal convergence point. While additive (parallel) signaling suggests limited molecular interaction between the pathways, non‐additive signaling involves crosstalk between pathways and includes more complex synergistic, hierarchical, and permissive guidance cue relationships. Here the authors have attempted to classify recent studies that describe axon guidance signal integration according to these divisions. They also discuss the mechanistic implications of such interactions, as well as general ideas relating signal integration to the generation of diversity of axon guidance responses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 891–904, 2017
Does the different photosynthetic pathway of plants affect soil respiration in a subtropical wetland?
Authors: Chen Jingrui , Wang Qiulin , Li Ming , Liu Fan , Li Wei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPlants with different photosynthetic pathways could produce different amounts and types of root exudates and debris which may affect soil respiration rates. Therefore, wetland vegetation succession between plants with different photosynthetic pathways may ultimately influence the wetland carbon budget. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has the largest floodplain wetland group in China. Tian'e Zhou wetland reserve (29°48'N, 112°33′E) is located in Shishou city, Hubei province and covers about 77.5 square kilometers. Hemathria altissima (C4) was found gradually being replaced by Carex argyi (C3) for several years in this place. An in situ experiment was conducted in Tian'e Zhou wetland to determine the change of soil respiration as the succession proceeds. Soil respiration, substrate‐induced respiration, and bacterial respiration of the C4 species was greater than those of the C3 species, but below‐ground biomass and fungal respiration of the C4 species was less than that of the C3 species. There were no significant differences in above‐ground biomass between the two species. Due to the higher photosynthesis capability, higher soil respiration and lower total plant biomass, we inferred that the C4 species, H. altissima, may transport more photosynthate below‐ground as a substrate for respiration. The photosynthetic pathway of plants might therefore play an important role in regulating soil respiration. As C. argyi replaces H. altissima, the larger plant biomass and lower soil respiration would indicate that the wetland in this area could fix more carbon in the soil than before.
Synthesis of PtxSn/MWCNTs and their Application in Non‐enzymatic Glucose and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors
Authors: Min Hui , Wu Wenqin , Wu Huimin , Wang Shengfu , Feng Chuanqi , Ding Yu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPtxSn/MWCNTs (x=1, 2, 3) nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical reduction. Comparing all of the materials, the results revealed that the best material was Pt3Sn/MWCNTs. The sensor based on Pt3Sn/MWCNTs exhibited excellent catalytic activities towards glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Sensing of glucose had a double‐linear range: one was between 50 μM and 550 μM, the other was between 1.35 mM and 16.35 mM. These were due to the fact that more and more intermediate species were adsorbed onto the electrode surface with increasing concentration of glucose, which limited the following glucose oxidation. Meanwhile, the sensor also had a linear response range between 0.05 mM and 18.95 mM for hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the glucose and hydrogen peroxide sensors exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Thus the sensors had potential utilities in the detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide.
The Ambiguous Effect of GP Competition: The Case of Hospital Admissions
Authors: Islam M. Kamrul , Kjerstad Egil 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn the theoretical literature on general practitioner (GP) behaviour, one prediction is that intensified competition induces GPs to provide more services resulting in fewer hospital admissions. This potential substitution effect has drawn political attention in countries looking for measures to reduce the growth in demand for hospital care. However, intensified competition may induce GPs to secure hospital admissions a signal to attract new patients and to keep the already enlisted ones satisfied, resulting in higher admission rates at hospitals. Using both static and dynamic panel data models, we aim to enhance the understanding of whether such relations are causal. Results based on ordinary least square (OLS) models indicate that aggregate inpatient admissions are negatively associated with intensified competition both in the full sample and for the sub‐sample patients aged 45 to 69, while outpatient admissions are positively associated. Fixed‐effect estimations do not confirm these results though. However, estimations of dynamic models show significant negative (positive) effects of GP competition on aggregate inpatient (outpatient) admissions in the full sample and negative effects on aggregate inpatient admissions and emergency admissions for the sub‐sample. Thus, intensified GP competition may reduce inpatient hospital admissions by inducing GPs to provide more services, whereas, the alternative hypothesis seems valid for outpatient admissions. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis Inducing Factor Is Involved in Stretch‐Induced Apoptosis of Myoblast via a Caspase‐9 Independent Pathway
Authors: Wang Fang , Wei Zhu‐Liang , Sun Xian‐Rui , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Cai‐Xia , Jiang Wen‐Xin , Yan Xiao , Liu Jia‐Ning , Yuan Xiao 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe apoptosis of myoblast in response to excessive cyclic stretch is crucial in adaptive construction of skeletal muscles in orthopedic functional therapy. Mitochondria signaling pathway is the central links in the execution of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade, but its molecular mechanism in stretch‐induced apoptosis in myoblasts remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanobiological roles of caspase‐9 and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF), two important components in mitochondrial pathway, in stretch‐induced apoptosis of myoblast. Hoechst 33258 was used to observe apoptotic cells morphologically and flow cytometry to analyze apoptosis rate of myoblasts. Protein and mRNA of caspase‐9 and AIF were detected by Western blotting and RT‐PCR. Furthermore, caspase‐9 specific inhibitor z‐LEHD‐fmk was applied to clear the mechanism of caspase‐9 pathway in stretch‐induced apoptosis. We found that apoptotic rate induced by cyclic stretch increased in a time‐dependent manner, and the same tendency of mRNA and protein of caspase‐9 and AIF. Caspase‐9 inhibition reduced stretch‐induced apoptosis, but had no effect on expression of AIF. We concluded that caspase‐9 and AIF played an important role in stretch‐induced apoptosis in myoblast, and AIF was involved in the process in a caspase‐9 independent way. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 829–838, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of Sizes of Optimal Three‐Dimensional Optical Orthogonal Codes of Weight Three with the AM‐OPP Restriction
Authors: Wang Lidong , Chang Yanxun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we further investigate the constructions on three‐dimensional optical orthogonal codes with the at most one optical pulse per wavelength/time plane restriction (briefly AM‐OPP 3D ‐OOCs) by way of the corresponding designs. Several new auxiliary designs such as incomplete holey group divisible designs and incomplete group divisible packings are introduced and therefore new constructions are presented. As a consequence, the exact number of codewords of an optimal AM‐OPP 3D ‐OOC is finally determined for any positive integers and .
Model based analysis of the growth kinetics of microalgal species residing in a waste stabilization pond
Authors: Decostere Bjorge , Alvarado Andres , Sánchez Esteban M , Pauta Guillermina C , Rousseau Diederik PL , Nopens Ingmar , Van Hulle Stijn WH 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study the growth kinetics of Chlorella and Scenedesmus, isolated from a Waste Stabilization Pond were investigated under different conditions of light intensity and temperature. Experimental data were collected by means of a combined respirometric and titrimetric set‐up and used to extend a mathematical model.RESULTSThe experimental results illustrated the interdependent relationship of light intensity and temperature, which had a significant influence on the microalgal growth. Consequently, a previously developed model was extended with a mathematical function that describes this relationship. The maximum specific growth rate and oxygen mass transfer coefficient were considered for model calibration. The optimized parameter values for Chlorella were μmax = 0.56 ± 0.0008 d−1 and KLa = 10.02 ± 0.02 d−1. For Scenedesmus, the optimized parameter values were μmax = 0.19 ± 0.0004 and KL a = 7.71 ± 0.004 d−1. The model with optimized parameter settings described the dissolved oxygen production (derived from the respirometric data) and the related proton consumption (derived from the titrimetric data) reasonably well for both microalgal species. The threshold value for Theil's Inequality Coefficient of 0.3 was never exceeded. In addition, model validation for both species was performed indicating good correspondence between model prediction and experimental values.CONCLUSIONSBased on the experimental observations, a previously developed mathematical model was extended with a function that describes the interaction between light intensity and temperature. After model calibration a difference in maximum specific growth rate between the two microalgal species was observed. This might be explained by differences in cell metabolism. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Longer warm ischemia can accelerate tumor growth through the induction of HIF‐1α and the IL‐6–JAK–STAT3 signaling pathway in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma model
Authors: Hamaguchi Yuhei , Mori Akira , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Ito Takashi , Iida Taku , Yagi Shintaro , Okajima Hideaki , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the impact of the duration of hepatic pedicle clamping (HPC) on tumor growth after major hepatectomy in a rat model.MethodsRats were divided into four groups according to the length of HPC during 70% partial hepatectomy followed by N1S1 tumor cell implantation: group 1, without HPC; group 2, with 5‐min HPC; group 3, 10‐min HPC; and group 4, 15‐min HPC. At three weeks after tumor cell implantation, liver tumor growth and its possible mechanisms were investigated.ResultsThe number and largest diameter of liver tumor were significantly greater in group 4. At 6 h after reperfusion, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐6 were significantly higher in group 4 compared with the other groups. In the tumor tissues, the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α (P < 0.001 versus group 2, P < 0.001 versus group 3) and that of phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (P < 0.001 versus group 2, P = 0.026 versus group 3) were significantly upregulated in group 4.ConclusionsLonger HPC followed by reperfusion accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma growth through the induction of HIF‐1α and the activation of the IL‐6–JAK–STAT3 signaling pathway.