bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diversity of Arthropods Predator on Wild Plant of Rice Field with and without Pesticides
Authors: Meidalima Dewi , Kawaty Ruarita Ramadhalina , Gunawan Erlan B. 
Published: April 2017

<p>Contaminated- agro ecosystem influences abundance and diversity of arthropods. The aims of this study were to analyze the diversity and abundance of pre-planting arthropod predators on wild plants in rice field with and without application of pesticides. The survey and direct observation of wild plants at the rice filed were conducted from January to March 2015, at 1 ha in Pemulutan and 1 ha in Musi 2 Palembang. Sampling of arthropod predator was conducted 8 times before the rice was grown, using insect nets. On the land without pesticide application was found 14 arthropod families which consists of 28 species and 15 families of wild plant consists of 25 species. On the land with pesticide application was found 8 arthropod families consists of 16 species and 15 wild plant families with 23 species. On the land without pesticide application was found High index of diversity (H’=3.121) and low dominance (D=0.095), while on the land with pesticide application low index of diversity (H’=2.602) and high dominance (D=0.171). It is the indicators of arthropods predator more varieties at the land without pesticide application compare to the land with pesticide application. This finding is very important for biological pest management in South Sumatra. </p>
Study on Phylogenetic Status of Javan Plover Bird (Charadrius, Charadriidae, Charadriiformes) through DNA Barcoding Analysis
Authors: Ashari Hidayat , Astuti Dwi 
Published: April 2017

<p>Javan Plover named <em>Charadrius javanicus</em> is taxonomically under controversy and phylogenetically unresolved yet. Through an analysis of DNA barcode, this study aims (1) to confirm whether Javan Plover is separated species named <em>Charadrius javanicus</em> or a subspecies of <em>C. alexandrinus</em> which named <em>C. a. javanicus</em> and (2) to determine a relationship within this genus. Totally 666 bp DNA sequences of COI barcode gene were analyzed. The results showed that a sequence divergence between Javan Plover and <em>C. alexandrinus alexandrinus</em> was only 1.2%, while sequence divergences between <em>C.a.alexandrinus</em> and others species, or between Javan Plover and others species were ranged from 9-12%. Neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum-parsimony (MP) analyses showed that all individuals of both Javan Plover and Kenith Plover were clustered together, and supported by 99 % and 100 % of bootstrap value in NJ and MP, respectively. This study tends to support the previous findings that Javan Plover was not a separated species named<em> C. javanicus</em>, but it was as a subspecies of <em>C. alexandrinus</em>; named <em>C. a. javanicus</em>. There were two groups of Plover in this study; (<em>C. leschenaultii </em>and <em>C. javanicus </em>+ <em>C.a.alexandrinus</em>), and (<em>C.dubius</em> and <em>C. melodus + C. semipalmatus</em>). DNA barcoding analysis can give certainty taxonomic status of the bird. Then, this study has implication as a basic data that can be used to provide and support the planning of Javan plover conservation programs. </p>
Race and Obesity in Adolescent Hypertension
Authors: Cheung Eric L. , Bell Cynthia S. , Samuel Joyce P. , Poffenbarger Tim , Redwine Karen McNiece , Samuels Joshua A. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The overall prevalence of essential hypertension in adolescents may be growing. Differences in blood pressure (BP) are well established in adults, but are less clear in adolescents. We hypothesize that the prevalence of hypertension differs by race/ethnicity among adolescents at school-based screenings.

METHODS:
We performed school-based BP screening in over 20 000 adolescents from 2000 to 2015. Race/ethnicity was self-reported. Height and weight were measured to determine BMI, and BP status was confirmed on 3 occasions to diagnose sustained hypertension according to Fourth Working Group Report criteria.

RESULTS:
We successfully screened 21 062 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (mean, 13.8 years). The final prevalence of sustained hypertension in all subjects was 2.7%. Obesity rates were highest among African American (3.1%) and Hispanic (2.7%) adolescents. The highest rate of hypertension was seen in Hispanic (3.1%), followed by African American (2.7%), white (2.6%), and Asian (1.7%) adolescents (P = .019). However, obese white adolescents had the highest prevalence of sustained hypertension (7.4%) compared with obese African American adolescents (4.5%, P &lt; .001). At lower BMI percentiles (&lt;60th percentile), Hispanic adolescents actually had the lowest predicted prevalence of hypertension among the 4 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of hypertension varies among different race/ethnicities. Although obesity remains the strongest predictor of early hypertension, the strength of this relationship is intensified in Hispanic and white adolescents, whereas it is lessened in African American adolescents.
Limiting Organisational Rights of Minority Unions: POPCRU v Ledwaba 2013 11 BLLR 1137 (LC)
Authors: Cohen Tamara 
Published: April 2017

The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 unequivocally promotes the policy choice of majoritarianism, in furtherance of orderly collective bargaining and the democratisation of the workplace. The majoritarian model aims to minimise the proliferation of trade unions in a single workplace and to encourage the system of a representative trade union.
Section 18(1) of the Labour Relations Act enables majority unions to enter into collective agreements setting thresholds of representivity for the granting of access, stop-order and trade-union leave rights to minority unions. In furtherance of the majoritarian framework, collective agreements concluded between majority unions and employers can be extended to non-parties to the agreement in terms of section 23(1)(d) of the Labour Relations Act provided specified requirements are satisfied. In Police & Prisons Civil Rights Union v Ledwaba 2013 11 BLLR 1137 (LC) (POPCRU) the Labour Court was required to consider if the collective agreements concluded between the employer and the majority union could be relied upon to prohibit the minority union from securing organisational rights. In so doing, the Labour Court had to reconcile the fundamental principle of freedom of association and the right to fair labour practices (to organise and engage in unfettered collective bargaining) within the context of the majoritarian framework. The Labour Court in POPCRU held that the collective agreement concluded with the majority union must have preference over the organisational rights of minority unions, in keeping with the principle of collective bargaining hierarchy and the legislative framework.

This case note argues that, while the finding of the labour court in POPCRU is correct on the facts and is in keeping with the principle of majoritarianism, the legislative model may no longer be suitable within the context of the current socio-economic and political landscape. Strike violence, loss of confidence in existing bargaining structures, and the alienation of vulnerable employees from majority unions has resulted in minority unions taking up the cudgels of frustrated and disempowered employees, as witnessed in the Marikana experience. The note suggests that in the light of the changing dynamics of the collective bargaining environment, it may be time to revisit the majoritarian model.
King Lear Reveals the Tragic Pattern of Shakespeare
Authors: Al-Ibia Salim Eflih 
Published: April 2017

<p>Rather than focusing on the obvious traditions of evaluating Shakespearean tragic heroes, this paper presents a groundbreaking approach to unfold the pattern William Shakespeare follows as he designed his unique characters. This pattern applies to most, if not all, Shakespearean tragic heroes. I argue that Shakespeare himself reveals a great portion of this pattern on the tongue of Lear as the latter disowns Goneril and Regan promising to have “such revenges on [them] both” in <em>King Lear</em>. Lear’s threats bestow four unique aspects that apply not only to his character but they also apply to Shakespearean tragic heroes. Lear’s speech tells us that he is determined to have an awful type of revenge on his daughters. However, the very same speech tells us that he seems uncertain about the method through which he should carry out this revenge. Lear does not express any type of remorse as he pursues his vengeful plans nor should he aim at amnesty. He also admits his own madness as he closes his revealing speech. This research develops these facts about Lear to unfold the unique pattern Shakespeare follows as he portrayed his major tragic figures. This pattern is examined, described and analyzed in <em>King Lear, Othello, and Hamlet</em>. We will find out that the pattern suggested in this study helps us better understand Shakespeare’s tragedies and enables us to provide better explanations for some controversial scenes in the tragedies discussed. </p>
The Effect of Carica Pubescens Lenne and K. Koch Fruit Extract from Dieng Plateau and Cangar to the Amount of Fibroblasts Cells on the Healing of Oral Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: Kristanti Risma Aprinda 
Published: April 2017

<p>The purposes of this research are to know the effect of <em>C.pubescens</em> fruit extract on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of <em>Rattus </em><em>norvegicus</em> mouth cavity’s mucosal and to know the effect of <em>C.pubescens</em> comes from two different areas (Dieng and Cangar) on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of <em>Rattus</em><em> norvegicus</em> oral mucosa. Twenty eight rats are divided to be four groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4), each rat is wounded 1 cm on the gingival mucosa of lower jaw (specifically on the apical region of incisive teeth). K1 is the control group with aquadest treatment on the wound. The wound in the K2 is treated with <em>C.pubescens </em>fruit extract from Dieng. The wound in the K3 is treated with <em>C.pubescens </em>fruit extract from Cangar. And the treatment for K4 is medicated by policresulen (common medicine for oral mucosal wound). On the fifth day of the treatment, all rats are sacrificed, and the gingival tissue is taken up for the next step. Gingival tissue is smeared by Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) to analyze the amount of gingival fibroblasts histologically. The result of this research shows that the highest average amount of gingival fibroblasts comes from K4 (policresulen treatment). And there is no significant difference on the number of <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> gingival fibroblasts from all of the groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>fibroblast, gingival, wound, mucosa, mouth, C.pubescens</em></p>
Modeling Effect of Geochemical Reactions on Real-Reservoir-Fluid Mixture During Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Venkatraman Ashwin , Dindoruk Birol , Elshahawi Hani , Lake Larry W. , Johns Russell T. 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in oil reservoirs has the dual benefit of enhancing oil recovery from declining reservoirs and sequestering a greenhouse gas to combat climate change. CO2 injected in carbonate reservoirs, such as those found in the Middle East, can react with ions present in the brine and the solid calcite in the carbonate rocks. These geochemical reactions affect the overall mole numbers and, in some extreme cases, even the number of phases at equilibrium, affecting oil-recovery predictions obtained from compositional simulations. Hence, it is important to model the effect of geochemical reactions on a real-reservoir-fluid mixture during CO2 injection. In this study, the Gibbs free-energy function is used to integrate phase-behavior computations and geochemical reactions to find equilibrium composition. The Gibbs free-energy minimization method by use of elemental-balance constraint is used to obtain equilibrium composition arising out of phase and chemical equilibrium. The solid phase is assumed to be calcite, the hydrocarbon phases are characterized by use of the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) (Robinson et al. 1985), and the aqueous-phase components are described by use of the Pitzer activity-coefficient model (Pitzer 1973). The binary-interaction parameters for the EOS and the activity-coefficient model are obtained by use of experimental data. The effect of the changes in phase behavior of a real-reservoir fluid with 22 components is presented in this paper. We observe that the changes in phase behavior of the resulting reservoir-fluid mixture in the presence of geochemical reactions depend on two factors: the volume ratio (and hence molar ratio) of the aqueous phase to the hydrocarbon phase and the salinity of the brine. These changes represent a maximum effect of geochemical reactions because all reactions are assumed to be at equilibrium. This approach can be adapted to any reservoir brine and hydrocarbon as long as the initial formation-water composition and their Gibbs free energy at standard states are known. The resultant model can be integrated in any reservoir simulator because any algorithm can be used for minimizing the Gibbs free-energy function of the entire system.
Polymer-Flooding Economics, From Pilot to Field Implementation
Authors: Sieberer Martin , Jamek Karl , Clemens Torsten 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPolymer flooding of oil fields has not reached the same maturity as waterflooding. Hence, implementing polymer projects at field scale requires a workflow comprising several steps. The workflow starts with screening of the portfolio of an organization for oil fields potentially amenable for this enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method. Next, laboratory and field testing is required, followed by sector and field implementation and finally rollout in the portfolio.Going through the workflow, not only is the subsurface uncertainty reduced, but also the knowledge regarding the cost structure and operating capabilities of the organization is improved.Analyzing the economics of polymer-injection projects shows that costs can be split into costs dependent on the polymer injector/producer (polymer pattern) and costs that are independent. Knowing these costs, a minimum economic number of patterns (MENP) is defined to achieve net present value (NPV) of zero. This number is used to determine a minimum economic field size (MEFS) for polymer injection, which is taken into account in the screening of the portfolio.A robustness criterion for economic-evaluation purposes is defined as the minimum number of patterns required for economic polymer injection. By use of this criterion, a diagram is derived allowing for screening of fields for polymer economics by use of pattern-dependent and pattern-independent costs and the utility factor (UF).The cost structure reveals how the NPV of polymer projects changes with the number of patterns, incremental oil, and injectivity. Injectivity is particularly important because it determines the chemical-affected reservoir volume (CARV) or speed of production.A sensitivity analysis of the NPV showed that for the cost structure used here, in addition to the polymer costs, the well costs are important for the economics of a full-field polymer-injection project.
Foam Diversion in Heterogeneous Reservoirs: Effect of Permeability and Injection Method
Authors: Al Ayesh A. H. , Salazar R.. , Farajzadeh R.. , Vincent-Bonnieu S.. , Rossen W. R. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryFoam can divert flow from higher- to lower-permeability layers and thereby improve the injection profile in gas-injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This paper compares two methods of foam injection, surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) and coinjection of gas and surfactant solution, in their abilities to improve injection profiles in heterogeneous reservoirs. We examine the effects of these two injection methods on diversion by use of fractional-flow modeling. The foam-model parameters for four sandstone formations ranging in permeability from 6 to 1,900 md presented by Kapetas et al. (2015) are used to represent a hypothetical reservoir containing four noncommunicating layers.Permeability affects both the mobility reduction of wet foam in the low-quality-foam regime and the limiting capillary pressure at which foam collapses. The effectiveness of diversion varies greatly with the injection method. In a SAG process, diversion of the first slug of gas depends on foam behavior at very-high foam quality. Mobility in the foam bank during gas injection depends on the nature of a shock front that bypasses most foam qualities usually studied in the laboratory. The foam with the lowest mobility at fixed foam quality does not necessarily give the lowest mobility in a SAG process. In particular, diversion in SAG depends on how and whether foam collapses at low water saturation; this property varies greatly among the foams reported by Kapetas et al. (2015). Moreover, diversion depends on the size of the surfactant slug received by each layer before gas injection. This favors diversion away from high-permeability layers that receive a large surfactant slug. However, there is an optimum surfactant-slug size: Too little surfactant and diversion from high-permeability layers is not effective, whereas with too much, mobility is reduced in low-permeability layers. For a SAG process, injectivity and diversion depend critically on whether foam collapses completely at irreducible water saturation.In addition, we show the diversion expected in a foam-injection process as a function of foam quality. The faster propagation of surfactant and foam in the higher-permeability layers aids in diversion, as expected. This depends on foam quality and non-Newtonian foam mobility and varies with injection time. Injectivity is extremely poor with foam injection for these extremely strong foams, but for some SAG foam processes with effective diversion it is better than injectivity in a waterflood.
EL MAESTRO COMO ARQUITECTO Y CONSTRUCTOR DE PENSAMIENTO
Authors: López Arboleda Gloria María , Marroquín Navarro Lilian Johana , Rodríguez Bustamante Alexander 
Published: April 2017

El propósito del presente escrito, es plantear una discusión sobre el papel del maestro desde la metáfora de la arquitectura y la construcción: el docente como aquel ser que posibilita un proceso activo y dinámico en el aprendiz, quien será el protagonista y finalmente, el creador y artífice de sí mismo. La reflexión que se propone es solamente uno de tantos senderos que se ha escogido para compartir su propia visión, sin desconocer que sólo pretende ser un escrito introductorio, otra manera de ver, una temática largamente discutida e indiscutiblemente importante.
Huelga de chinos: el gran conflicto laboral olvidado de Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Chaves Alonso 
Published: April 2017

En la historiografía costarricense se tiende no a omitir sino a reducir el conflicto laboral ocurrido en 1874, entre los trabajadores chinos y la empresa responsable de la construcción de la vía del ferrocarril al Atlántico, a simple motín. Así, el artículo presenta como propósito dilucidar, por sus características,dicho conflicto laboral, como la primera huelga que se tenga en Costa Rica. Igualmente, se han de analizar los efectos que tuvo al nivel de pérdidas de vidas humanas y las consecuencias que trajo al país al nivel internacional. Por las características del conflicto se presenta como el antecedente de los movimientos reivindicativos que sucedieron en años subsiguientes, y a su vez como homenaje a todos y todas que luchan por la dignidad del ser humano.
Cuerpo y sexualidad desde una teología crítica y emancipadora
Authors: Pacheco Daniel 
Published: April 2017

sión integral de la sexualidad. En primer lugar, se hará un breve recorrido histórico sobre algunas importantes ideas sobre el cuerpo y la sexualidad desde la teología y la tradición filosófica occidental. En un segundo punto, se reseñará los puntos polémicos de la enseñanza actual del magisterio católico y de otras tradiciones cristianas sobre el cuerpo y la sexualidad. En la tercera parte analizaremos la visión del cuerpo en la modernidad, y varios problemas que sufren los cuerpos de hombres, mujeres, niños y jóvenes en el mundo actual. Por último, se ofrecerá una propuesta de equilibrio desde una teología que busque la liberación y el desarrollo humano integral desde las dificultades del ser humano hoy.
De las valoraciones estéticas: un acercamiento a los movimientos más representativos
Authors: Alvarado Victor 
Published: April 2017

Esbozo crítico de los principales problemas de la estética, planteados por los movimientos teóricos más representativos y por la óptica de sus más relevantes exponentes. En la introducción se presenta una sinopsis de los antecedentes teóricos de la estética y se ofrecen los matices que permiten el surgimiento de la Estética en tanto materia autónoma. En la primera parte se lleva a cabo un recorrido cronológico por los planteamientos más relevantes de los principales representantes de la disciplina estética -­‐‑de la edad clásica hasta el racionalismo estética, entre los que sobresalen los aportes de Platón, Aristóteles, Baumgarten, Kant, Hegel y Shopenhauer entre otros. En la segunda parte se exponen las orientaciones teóricas y conceptuales de las corrientes estéticas más significativas, tales como la estética psicologista de Theodor Lipps ; y la estética axiológica representada por autores como Herman Cohen, Benedetto Croce y Nicolás Hartman; y finalmente la estética científica que en gran parte sigue predominando hoy día a pesar de todos los cuestiona mientos acertados que se le han hecho. En la conclusión se asume una orientación crítica frente a las visiones de la estética precedente.
Una perspectiva ética en el quehacer médico
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez Francisco 
Published: April 2017

Este artículo trata sobre las responsabilidades y los valores éticos del médico y del todo el personal de salud involucrado en la praxis médica en general. Hace énfasis en el análisis de las virtudes y valores fundamentales de la acción o del acto médico en consecuencia con los derechos y los deberes tanto del trabajador de la salud como del paciente. Por último, bajo la perspectiva ética se estudian casos sobre las enfermedades infecciosas y la ética médica.
Educación superior y perspectivas de la educación a distancia
Authors: Ramírez R Celedonio 
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se describe primero las tres etapas por las que pasa la educación en Costa Rica de 1821 al año 2005. Luego resume la explosión educativa que se produjo en Costa Rica de 1940 a 1980. Como esta explosión llevó la educación a una situación económicamente inviable, el autor muestra cómo surgió la educación a distancia como alternativa para seguir democratizando la educación superior. Esta forma de educación, que comenzó primero en Europa y Asia, ha tenido en América un gran desarrollo, pero el autor lamenta que en lo referente al uso de la tecnología moderna ha evolucionado más en el Norte que en Centro y Sur América. Finalmente, el autor plantea una serie de disyuntivas a las que tiene que enfrentarse la Universidad Estatal a Distancia en el nuevo siglo. Entre estas, destaca los cambios en el entorno, la necesidad de reexaminar la oferta académica, el contenido de las carreras,la capacitación de profesores, la atracción de personal altamente calificado, la adquisición y reposición de tecnología y el financiamiento universitario.
La renovación carnavalesca en el libro de Ezequiel
Authors: Arley Fonseca Mauricio 
Published: April 2017

La lectura carnavalesca de textos sagrados es un acto de trasgresión, pues si se es consecuente con la propuesta bajtiniana, el análisis deparará mucha risa ante lalectura de un texto de inspiración divina. Este trabajo presenta una perspectiva delectura del libro de Ezequiel que ha sido fundamentada en la propuesta teórica del carnaval según Bajtin.