bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural frequency tree- versus conditional probability formula-based training for medical students’ estimation of screening test predictive values: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Soela , Kim Soyun , Choi Yong-jun , Do Young Kyung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Medical students and professionals often struggle to understand medical test results, which can lead to poor medical decisions. Natural frequency tree-based training (NF-TT) has been suggested to help people correctly estimate the predictive value of medical tests. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of NF-TT with conventional conditional probability formula-based training (CP-FT) and investigate student variables that may influence NF-TT’s effectiveness.

Methods
We conducted a parallel group randomized controlled trial of NF-TT vs. CP-FT in two medical schools in South Korea (a 1:1 allocation ratio). Participants were randomly assigned to watch either NF-TT or CP-FT video at individual computer stations. NF-TT video showed how to translate relevant probabilistic information into natural frequencies using a tree structure to estimate the predictive values of screening tests. CP-FT video showed how to plug the same information into a mathematical formula to calculate predictive values. Both videos were 15 min long. The primary outcome was the accuracy in estimating the predictive value of screening tests assessed using multiple-choice questions at baseline, post-intervention (i.e., immediately after training), and one-month follow-up. The secondary outcome was the accuracy of conditional probabilistic reasoning in non-medical contexts, also assessed using multiple-choice questions, but only at follow-up as a measure of transfer of learning. 231 medical students completed their participation.

Results
Overall, NF-TT was not more effective than CP-FT in improving the predictive value estimation accuracy at post-intervention (NF-TT: 87.13%, CP-FT: 86.03%, p = .86) and follow-up (NF-TT: 72.39%, CP-FT: 68.10%, p = .40) and facilitating transfer of training (NF-TT: 75.54%, CP-FT: 71.43%, p = .41). However, for participants without relevant prior training, NF-TT was more effective than CP-FT in improving estimation accuracy at follow-up (NF-TT: 74.86%, CP-FT: 58.71%, p = .02) and facilitating transfer of learning (NF-TT: 82.86%, CP-FT: 66.13%, p = .04).

Conclusions
Introducing NF-TT early in the medical school curriculum, before students are exposed to a pervasive conditional probability formula-based approach, would offer the greatest benefit.

Trial registration
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency Clinical Research Information Service KCT0004246 (the date of first trial registration: 27/08/2019). The full trial protocol can be accessed at https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=15616&search_page=L.
Synthetic double inversion recovery imaging for rectal cancer T staging evaluation: imaging quality and added value to T2-weighted imaging
Authors: Wang Zi , Dai Zhuozhi , Zhou Xinyi , Dai Jiankun , Ge Yuxi , Hu Shudong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
To assess the image quality of synthetic double inversion recovery (SyDIR) imaging and enhance the value of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in evaluating T stage for rectal cancer patients.

Methods
A total of 112 pathologically confirmed rectal cancer patients were retrospectively selected after undergoing MRI, including synthetic MRI. The image quality of T2WI and SyDIR imaging was compared based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), overall picture quality, presence of motion artifacts, lesion edge sharpness, and conspicuity. The concordance between MRI and pathological staging results, using T2WI alone and the combination of T2WI and SyDIR for junior and senior radiologists, was assessed using the Kappa test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of extramural infiltration in rectal cancer patients.

Results
No significant differences in imaging quality were observed between conventional T2WI and SyDIR (p = 0.07–0.53). The combination of T2WI and SyDIR notably improved the staging concordance between MRI and pathology for both junior (kappa value from 0.547 to 0.780) and senior radiologists (kappa value from 0.738 to 0.834). In addition, the integration of T2WI and SyDIR increased the AUC for diagnosing extramural infiltration for both junior (from 0.842 to 0.918) and senior radiologists (from 0.917 to 0.938).

Conclusion
The combination of T2WI and SyDIR increased the consistency of T staging between MRI and pathology, as well as the diagnostic performance of extramural infiltration, which would benefit treatment selection.

Critical relevance statement
SyDIR sequence provides additional diagnostic value for T2WI in the T staging of rectal cancer, improving the agreement of T staging between MRI and pathology, as well as the diagnostic performance of extramural infiltration.

Key Points

Synthetic double inversion recovery (SyDIR) and T2WI have comparable image quality.

SyDIR provides rectal cancer anatomical features for extramural infiltration detections.

The combination of T2WI and SyDIR improves the accuracy of T staging in rectal cancer.

Graphical Abstract
Methodologies and clinical applications of lower limb muscle ultrasound in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Venco Roberto , Artale Alessandro , Formenti Paolo , Deana Cristian , Mistraletti Giovanni , Umbrello Michele 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Reduced muscle mass upon admission and development of muscle wasting are frequent in critically ill patients, and linked to unfavorable outcomes. Muscle ultrasound is a promising instrument for evaluating muscle mass. We summarized the findings of lower limb muscle ultrasound values and investigated how the muscle ultrasound parameters of the examination or the patient characteristics influence the results.

Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of lower limb ultrasound critically ill adults. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro and Web of Science were searched. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and studies evaluated with the appropriate NIH quality assessment tool. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the values at admission, short and long follow-up during ICU stay, and the association between baseline values and patient characteristics or ultrasound parameters was investigated with a meta-regression.

Results
Sixty-six studies (3839 patients) were included. The main muscles investigated were rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA, n = 33/66), quadriceps muscle layer thickness (n = 32/66), and rectus femoris thickness (n = 19/66). Significant differences were found in the anatomical landmark and ultrasound settings. At ICU admission, RF-CSA ranged from 1.1 [0.73–1.47] to 6.36 [5.45–7.27] cm2 (pooled average 2.83 [2.29–3.37] cm2) with high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 98.43%). Higher age, higher BMI, more distal landmark and the use of probe compression were associated with lower baseline muscle mass.

Conclusions
Measurements of muscle mass using ultrasound varied with reference to patient characteristics, patient position, anatomical landmarks used for measurement, and the level of compression applied by the probe; this constrains the external validity of the results and highlights the need for standardization.

Study registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023420376.
A successful surgical repair for supravalvular aortic stenosis with a bicuspid valve and malpositioned coronary orifices by partial Brom’s technique: a case report
Authors: Hara Midori , Honda Yoshihiro , Kaga Shigeaki , Sakamoto Kisaburo , Nakajima Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a relatively rare form of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, often accompanied by other cardiac conditions. However, a standard surgical reparative technique has not been established and repairing SVAS remains challenging.

Case presentation
We repaired SVAS of a 3-year-old boy accompanied by a bicuspid aortic valve and malpositioned coronary orifices by partial Brom’s technique with two glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardial patches, using recent advanced preoperative information, including geometric and effective heights. Echocardiography after the surgery revealed release of SVAS without aortic regurgitation.

Conclusions
In repair for SVAS, it is important not only to release stenosis but also to make a functional aortic valve, using recent advanced preoperative information. In the case of children, repairing the aortic valve by only using autologous tissue having growth potential, is also important.
An innovative surgical approach for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm with duodenal invasion in a pediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Tsuzuki Yukihiro , Ooshiro Kiyotetsu , Tatekawa Yukihiro , Tamashiro Rin , Yagi Takeshi , Higa Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pediatric pancreatic tumors, especially with duodenal invasion, are exceptionally rare and a strategy for their treatment has not been established. A pancreaticoduodenectomy is often the desired treatment, but may be over-invasive for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN). This study reports an innovative surgical approach for SPN with duodenal invasion using pancreatic enucleation and endoscopically guided partial duodenectomy.

Case presentation
An 11-year-old girl complained of malaise and presented with severe anemia; imaging revealed a tumor of undetermined origin, involving the pancreatic head and descending duodenum. Intraoperative findings showed tumor adherence to the pancreatic head and endoscopy revealed invasion of the duodenum. The tumor was enucleated from the pancreatic head, and partial duodenectomy was performed under endoscopically guided direct visualization. Pathology confirmed SPN with duodenal invasion, and no residual tumor. Although a Grade B pancreatic fistula occurred postoperatively, it was managed conservatively. At the 15-month follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence, duodenal stenosis, or pancreatic dysfunction were evident.

Conclusions
Given the good prognosis of SPN, we believe that enucleation from the pancreatic head combined with an endoscopically guided partial duodenectomy could be a useful and less invasive alternative to pancreaticoduodenectomy for cases with duodenal invasion.
Measuring the ecological outcomes of fire: metrics to guide fire management
Authors: Haslem Angie , Radford James Q. , Bennett Andrew F. , Watson Simon J. , Chick Matthew P. , Huang Jenny , Berry Laurence E. , Clarke Michael F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Changes to fire regimes threaten biodiversity worldwide and emphasize the need to understand the ecological consequences of fire management. For fire management to effectively protect biodiversity, it is essential to have ecologicallyrelevant metrics to plan and evaluate management interventions. Here, we describe a suite of metrics to guide fire management for enhanced biodiversity outcomes.

Results
We define five metrics that collectively provide comprehensive and complementary insights into the effect of fire regimes on ecosystem resilience and components of biodiversity. These include (1) Species Habitat Availability, a measure of the amount of suitable habitat for individual species; (2) Fire Indicator Species Index, population trends for species with clear fire responses; (3) Vegetation Resilience, a measure of plant maturity and the capability of vegetation communities to regenerate after fire; (4) Desirable Mix of Growth Stages, an indicator of the composition of post-fire age-classes across the landscape; and (5) Extent of High Severity Fire, a measure of the effect of severe fire on post-fire recovery of treed vegetation communities. Each metric can be quantified at multiple spatial and temporal scales relevant to evaluating fire management outcomes. We present a case study from Victoria, Australia, in which two metrics are applied across spatially-nested management areas. Results highlight four characteristics of metrics that enhance their value for management: (1) they quantify both status and trends through time; (2) they are scalable and can be applied consistently across management levels (from individual reserves to the whole state); (3) most can be mapped, essential for identifying where and when to implement fire management; and (4) their complementarity provides unique insights to guide fire management for ecological outcomes.

Conclusions
These metrics reflect common relationships between fire and biodiversity and are relevant to management in fire-prone ecosystems worldwide. They facilitate consistent translation of management responsibilities (planning, evaluation, reporting) across administrative levels and enable managers to strategically plan on-ground actions and transparently evaluate outcomes against strategic goals. A key next step for fire managers globally is to define “desirable” states for ecological metrics, to enable target-setting and the evaluation of management outcomes.
Behaviorally informed digital campaigns and their association with social media engagement and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belize
Authors: Daga Giuliana , Kossuth Lajos , Boruchowicz Cynthia , Lopez Boo Florencia , Largaespada Beer Natalia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Increasing vaccination coverage was key to curbing the COVID-19 pandemic globally. However, lack of trust in the vaccine and fear of side effects in regions like the Caribbean resulted in a low uptake despite enough vaccine supply.

Methods
We conducted two correlational analyses and one experiment between five sequential behaviorally informed Facebook campaigns, social media performance outcomes, and district-level vaccination data. First, we ran multivariate linear regression models to estimate the mean differences between the campaigns in (i) social media performance (“Clicks” and “Engagement”) and (ii) COVID-19 vaccination uptake at the district level. “Clicks” were measured by the number of people who clicked on the respective Facebook advert and visited the official vaccination site. “Engagements” were the number of people interacting with the advert through likes and emojis. Second, we took advantage of the experimental design during one of the campaigns to analyze the differential effect of messages conveying information about the number of people reporting vaccination side effects using words (“Few”/ “Majority) and numbers (“3 out of 100 “) on social media performance.

Results
The correlational analysis showed that the number of “Clicks” and “Engagement” was similar among campaigns, except for the campaign focusing on vaccines’ effectiveness, which had 14.65 less clicks and 19.52 less engagements per advert (including controls and district-fixed effects) compared to the base “It’s safe” campaign. Vaccination rates were highest at times coinciding with campaigns focusing on vaccination safety and effectiveness. Our experimental results showed that informational messages related to side effects that were framed using words (“Majority did not report discomfort”/ “Few persons reported discomfort”) were better at generating “Clicks” compared to those using numbers (“3 out of 100 reported discomforts”).

Conclusions
Facebook adverts highlighting vaccine safety had a similar level of social media performance as other campaigns, except for adverts focusing on vaccine efficacy, which performed worse. Communicating side-effect information with words instead of numbers can expand social media interest in low-uptake regions like the Caribbean. Our results serve as preliminary evidence for public health officials to encourage vaccine uptake in high-hesitancy contexts.
Investigating in vivo force and work production of rat medial gastrocnemius at varying locomotor speeds using a muscle avatar
Authors: Bemis Caitlin , Konow Nicolai , Daley Monica A. , Nishikawa Kiisa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Traditional work loop studies, that use sinusoidal length trajectories with constant frequencies, lack the complexities of in vivo muscle mechanics observed in modern studies. This study refines methodology of the ‘avatar’ method (a modified work loop) to infer in vivo muscle mechanics using ex vivo experiments with mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. The ‘avatar’ method involves using EDL muscles to replicate in vivo time-varying force, as demonstrated by previous studies focusing on guinea fowl lateral gastrocnemius (LG). The present study extends this method by using in vivo length trajectories and electromyographic activity from rat medial gastrocnemius (MG) during various gaits on a treadmill. Methodological enhancements from previous work, including adjusted stimulation protocols and systematic variation of starting length, improved predictions of in vivo time-varying force production (R2=0.80–0.96). The study confirms there is a significant influence of length, stimulation and their interaction on work loop variables (peak force, length at peak force, highest and average shortening velocity, and maximum and minimum active velocity), highlighting the importance of these interactions when muscles produce in vivo forces. We also investigated the limitations of traditional work loops in capturing muscle dynamics in legged locomotion (R2=0.01–0.71). While in vivo length trajectories enhanced force prediction, accurately predicting work per cycle remained challenging. Overall, the study emphasizes the utility of the ‘avatar’ method in elucidating dynamic muscle mechanics and highlights areas for further investigation to refine its application in understanding in vivo muscle function.
Hamstrings Are Stretched More and Faster during Accelerative Running Compared to Speed-Matched Constant-Speed Running
Authors: GURCHIEK REED D. , TEPLIN ZACHARY , FALISSE ANTOINE , HICKS JENNIFER L. , DELP SCOTT L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Hamstring injuries are common in field-based sports and reinjury rates are high. Recent evidence suggests that hamstring injuries often occur during accelerative running, but investigations of hamstring mechanics have primarily considered constant-speed running. Thus, our objective was to compare hamstring lengths and velocities between accelerative running and constant-speed running.

Methods
We recorded videos of 10 participants during six accelerative running trials and six constant-speed running trials. We used OpenCap to estimate body segment kinematics and a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model to compute peak length and step-average lengthening velocity of the biceps femoris (long head) muscle–tendon unit. We compared running conditions using linear mixed models with running speed as the independent variable.

Results
At running speeds below 75% of top speed, accelerative running resulted in greater peak lengths than constant-speed running. For example, the peak hamstring muscle–tendon length when a person accelerated from running at only 50% of top speed was equivalent to running at a constant 88% of top speed. Lengthening velocities were greater during accelerative running at all running speeds. Differences in hip flexion kinematics drove the greater peak lengths and lengthening velocities observed in accelerative running.

Conclusions
Hamstrings are subjected to longer lengths and faster lengthening velocities in accelerative running than in constant-speed running. This provides a potential biomechanical perspective toward understanding the occurrence of hamstring injuries during acceleration. Our results suggest that coaches and sports medicine staff should consider the accelerative nature of running in addition to running speed to quantify exposure to high-risk circumstances with long lengths and fast lengthening velocities of the hamstrings.
TORNANDO-ME PROFESSORA: Trajetórias insubordinadas na formação com imagens, narrativas e sons
Authors: Sotero Elaine 
Published: October 2024

O presente texto trata de reflexões feitas no decorrer de minha graduação no curso de Pedagogia, pensando em como as minhas redes de conhecimentossignificações (ALVES, 2011) foram tecidas até me tornar uma professora, apesar de todas as dificuldades que vivi. Através das conversas com os cotidianos (CERTEAU, 1998), busco compreender a tessitura do conhecimento em redes (ALVES, 2003), descobrindo então que todas as experiências que tive me fizeram ser a professora que hoje sou. Partindo de experiências com imagens, narrativas e sons, analiso como os filmes Preciosa (2009) e Escritores da Liberdade (2007) intercedem (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1992) e conversam (ALVES, CALDAS, ROSA, 2015) com minhas redes e com muitas das reflexões que tive no decorrer da minha graduação. Percebo, assim, que para se pensar em uma prática educativa emancipatória é preciso se considerar nos cotidianos escolares todas as contribuições dos “docentesdicentes” como formas de se criar um currículo (GOMES, 2012) insubordinado às mazelas da educação.
EXPERIÊNCIAS EDUCATIVAS EM MOVIMENTO: a Educação do Campo e a Educação Indígena no Estado do Ceará
Authors: Oliveira Adeliane Vieira de , Silva Maria do Socorro Sousa 
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho se propõe a realizar uma análise investigativa a respeito de duas experiências educacionais no Estado do Ceará: a Educação do Campo e a Educação Indígena. A nossa proposta, caminha no sentido de expor essas duas experiências, apontando-as enquanto formas de resistência dos povos do campo nesse Estado. Partimos do entendimento de que devemos nos apoiar no processo histórico da sociedade para obtermos êxito no entendimento da temática estudada. Neste sentido, a fundamentação teórica desse trabalho está apoiada principalmente em autores como: Brasil (1999); Alarcão (2008); Grupioni (2003); Caldart (2009); Fernandes (2002); Gomes (2013); Silva (2012); MST (1996) dentre outros. Além disso, a visita a algumas escolas do campo e indígenas foram fundamentais para a compreensão de suas experiências. Com essa pesquisa, chegamos ao entendimento de que a Educação do Campo e a Educação Indígena correspondem a propostas educativas, em constante movimento, que levam em consideração a vivência dos camponeses e indígenas, no processo de valorização de suas práticas, valores e costumes. Consideramos dessa forma que a luta coletiva enquanto fator de articulação dos camponeses e indígenas foi e continua sendo, a condição fundamental para a conquista e efetivação da Educação do Campo e da Educação Indígena nas escolas do campo e nas escolas indígenas presentes no Estado do Ceará.