bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ecological variation across Pistacia altantica on fruit oil content
Authors: Yousefi Bayzid 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the western and central parts of Iran, there are more than eight million female trees of Pistacia atlantica Desf. with approximately 20,000 tons of fruit oil production ability. In order to evaluate the influence of select ecological characteristics, fruit samples of seven P. atlantica habitats in Kurdistan (Iran) were collected in late October over two years (2013-14). Fruit oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction. The results showed a relatively small variation in oil content in fruit across plants of P. atlantica. The fruit oil content ranged from 25.4% to 28.4%, with a mean of 27.3%. Most habitats belonged to temperate and semi-arid regions, with higher longitude and altitude but less latitude and slope, higher soil electrical conductivity, total neutralizing value, organic carbon and clay, medium yearly rainfall, evaporation and sunny hours and also trees with medium ages such as Borban and Kashtar producing higher fruit oil yield than those that belonged to cool and semi-humid regions. Cluster analysis classified habitats into four distinct groups at 50% similarity; four habitats belonging to forest areas were located in the first, Borban and Kashtar in the second and third and Abdolmomen, with the coldest climate and the oldest trees, was in the fourth group. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that habitats with low fruit oil showed extreme values of PC1 and PC2 but ones with high fruit oil were located mainly in the central zones of the bi plot, which suggest that habitats with medium ecological conditions produce higher fruit oil.
Populism in American Politics
Authors: Brewer Mark D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPopulism undoubtedly has a long history in the politics of the US, and there is no doubt that populism has significantly affected American politics in a variety of ways. However, what exactly is meant by “populism” is frequently ambiguous and ill-defined. Political commentators routinely label individuals or ideas as populist, without even attempting to explain how and why the person or idea in question relates to populism. Scholars are not immune to acting in a similar fashion. Populism’s presence is more often asserted than demonstrated in any convincing way. Here I engage in a thorough examination of the substance of populism in American politics. All elements of American populism – its championing of the common people, it rural roots, its anti-elitism, anti-intellectualism, and anti-government views, and its religious and cultural dimensions – will be explored. The paper closes with an attempt to suss out the place of populism in contemporary American politics.
Neurotransmitter alteration in a testosterone propionate-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model
Authors: Chaudhari Nirja K. , Nampoothiri Laxmipriya P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), one of the leading causes of infertility seen in women, is characterized by anovulation and hyperandrogenism, resulting in ovarian dysfunction. In addition, associations of several metabolic complications like insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia and psychological co-morbidities are well known in PCOS. One of the major factors influencing mood and the emotional state of mind is neurotransmitters. Also, these neurotransmitters are very crucial for GnRH release. Hence, the current study investigates the status of neurotransmitters in PCOS.

Materials and methods:
A PCOS rat model was developed using testosterone. Twenty-one-day-old rats were subcutaneously injected with 10 mg/kg body weight of testosterone propionate (TP) for 35 days. The animals were validated for PCOS characteristics by monitoring estrus cyclicity, serum testosterone and estradiol levels and by histological examination of ovarian sections. Neurotransmitter estimation was carried out using fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods.

Results:
TP-treated animals demonstrated increased serum testosterone levels with unaltered estradiol content, disturbed estrus cyclicity and many peripheral cysts in the ovary compared to control rats mimicking human PCOS. Norepinephrine (NE), dopamine, serotonin, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and epinephrine levels were significantly low in TP-induced PCOS rats compared to control ones, whereas the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the PCOS brain was markedly elevated.

Conclusion:
Neurotransmitter alteration could be one of the reasons for disturbed gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, consequently directing the ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Also, decrease in neurotransmitters, mainly NE, serotonin and dopamine (DA) attributes to mood disorders like depression and anxiety in PCOS.
Le nom du ‘gendre’ en indo-européen et en balto-slave
Authors: Viredaz Rémy 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The PIE. word for ‘daughter’s husband’ can be reconstructed on the basis of Indo-Iranian, Greek, and Latin as *g1émer- (or *g1émor-), weak grade *g1m̥r-.
I.-Ir. *jā́mātar- underwent the influence of ‘daughter’ (1.2) and *jāmí- ‘relative’ (1.5). Some Old Iranian dialects developed a hypocoristic variant *zāma- (2). Gk. γαμβρός; is based on gen. pl. *g1m̥rṓm (3). Lat. gener has n after genō ‘beget’ or genus ‘family’, thematic inflection after socer (4).
The Balto-Slavic forms Latv. znuõt(i)s, Lith. žéntas, Sl. zętь are related to Skt.jñātí-, Gk. γνωτός, ‘relative, brother’, root *g1neH3- ‘to know, recognize’ (5). Albanian dhëndër(r) may be akin to the Balto- Slavic forms, with *- Vr- after* ‘daughter’ or ‘father-in-law’ (6).
The instability of the word for ‘daughter’s husband’ may be a result of its low frequency (7.1). No etymology is known (7.2).
Inquiry Based Learning of Selected Computer Sciences Concepts and Principles
Authors: Šnajder Ľubomír , Guniš Ján 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the article we describe the proposal of two unplugged activities verified in practice together with methodological commentaries on how to use them in computer science education. The first activity is oriented on discovering and understanding the basic principles and rules of computer communication carried out by pupils themselves. We encourage pupils to simulate communication in a computer network and solve raised problems. The aim is to lead pupils to discover the encoded message within transmitted information (the structure of TCP/IP packet) and to realize the significance and importance of communication protocols. The second activity is oriented on discovering and devising the principles of information encoding; the code length dependence on the quantity of states, unambiguous encoding, the use of n-ary trees in encoding, etc.
System for Creation of a Dictionary Icelandic-Czech Students’Dictionary
Authors: Chejn Aleš 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article concerns the creation of a lexicographic tool for compiling one-way bilingual dictionaries and encyclopaedias; the tool has served to create the Icelandic-Czech Students' Dictionary. The Introduction explains the aims of the project. The article briefly mentions the history of developing the application Dictionary System as well as the creation of the Icelandic- Czech Students' Dictionary. It also describes the programming methods, explains how the application works and presents its functions. Finally, the article introduces the practical use of the application and the Icelandic-Czech Students' Dictionary.
Categorization of Museum Visitors as Part of System for Personalized Museum Tour
Authors: Najbrt Lukáš , Kapounová Jana 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the past few years, the process of lifelong learning has become more important. A tour of an educational exhibition is an interesting and attractive activity for a person receiving an education. A museum, art gallery, zoological or botanical garden or even a technological park can all be perceived as an educational exhibition. If we want the exhibition tour to provide an educational benefit to the visitor, we need to offer him adequate information about individual exhibits. The exhibition has to be personalized, that is, tailored for the various kinds of visitors. This paper deals with the issue of categorizing museum visitors using ICT, specifically an expert system which is a part of a “virtual guide”. Based on an initial analysis of a visitor, the virtual guide proposes a tour through the exhibition so that it brings the visitor the maximum educational benefit while at the same time offers information about the displayed exhibits in such a way that is most interesting and comprehensible.
Creation of Educational Video Tutorials and Their Use in Education
Authors: Oujezdský Aleš 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Educational video tutorials are currently modern teaching resources. They are primarily used as a guide when working with various software applications. The tutorials can be produced in high definition, including narration and subtitles. However, creating such a video tutorial is not easy. Students at the Department of Information and Communication Technologies are learning to create these video tutorials. The basis of a tutorial is the creation of a script. The next step is a high quality screen capture, sound recording and subtitle creation. The tutorial can be accompanied by several different audio tracks and subtitles in different languages. Such video tutorial can be then used by foreign students or hearing-impaired students. The tutorial is then exported into a modern format that ensures high image quality and can be played on most devices for video playback. At the Department of Information and Communication Technologies the tutorials are being created mainly for Informatics courses where students work in different and often special software applications.
ICT Teachers and Technical E-Safety: Knowledge and Routines
Authors: Šimandl Václav 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article looks at how competent ICT teachers in primary, lower secondary and high schools are as regards the issues of Internet safety, the use of secure passwords, protection against malware and data back-up. Specific knowledge and routines are described whilst discussing the ways teachers are influenced in these areas.
In-depth semi-structured interviews have been carried out with chosen ICT teachers. Teachers were presented with several situations from the issue in question and the way they reacted in given situations was observed. Data gained from the interviews and the triangulation that had been carried out was processed through open and axial coding.
The results of our investigation show that teachers do usually try to behave in a relatively safe way but their reasons for such behaviour differ greatly. The main external determiners include reactions to a certain negative experience, active self-study of the issue and organised instruction (not only at high schools and universities but voluntary attendance of courses). Factors preventing teachers from behaving as safely as possible have been identified. It may be due to working or teaching limitations. Teachers might lack professional knowledge or there could be a problem with security, perhaps being time-consuming or difficult to remember passwords.
Informatics Education: Current State and Perspectives of Development Within the System of Field Didactics in the Czech Republic
Authors: Černochová Miroslava , Vaníček Jiří 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study offers an overview of the current state in the field of informatics education in the Czech Republic. The new publication of a monograph focusing on field didactics showed that a complex analysis of the current state and future perspectives of developments in informatics education that has not yet been addressed is needed. This paper presents an overview of development in the discipline from the 1960s, defines the main goals of informatics education in the Czech Republic, namely the contents and methods of ICT and computer science education, the need to revise the content areas in official pedagogical documents, teacher education including training of primary teachers and methodology of research in the field of informatics education. The authors of the paper analyse current trends that have impact on informatics education and also refer to the dynamics of computer science education, gradual shift of computer science to lower school levels and introduction of new computer science topics into the area of information and communication technologies. In the conclusion the authors formulate the current problems that informatics education will have to tackle and indicate the possible dangers and perspectives of its future developments. In this article, we distinguish between informatics education as a school subject education and computer science education and ICT education which we understand as parts of this school subject in this context.
Learner-Content Interaction in Flipped Classroom Model
Authors: Špilka Radim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the interaction of elementary school students with online educational videos. Half-yearly survey was conducted in mathematics lessons pupils in the eighth grade. During the experimental teaching was flipped classroom teaching model, where students watch educational instructional video before school lessons. During class when the teacher uses activization teaching methods that build on the content of the educational video. It turned out that there is a correlation between the average length of time that students watched videos and length instructional videos. Students watched a video about three times the length of their time. Additionally was monitored a number of playback of educational videos. Here it shows a slightly declining and fluctuating trend. For some video, especially towards the end of the experiment, the number playback are low due to preservation the measured correlation. This suggests that some students stopped to watch educational videos at the end of the experiment or accelerated video playback.
Satellite-based Estimates of Ground Subsidence in Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Du Zheyuan , Ge Linlin , Ng Alex Hay-Man , Li Xiaojing 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper reports the findings based on ALOS-1 and GRACE satellite data for the purpose of monitoring land surface subsidence due to groundwater extraction and underground mining activities in the Ordos Basin, China. 42 ALOS-1 PALSAR data (22 images from Frame 790 while 20 scenes from Frame 780) acquired between 8 January 2007 and 19 January 2011 are utilized in the time-series InSAR (TS-InSAR) analysis while the total water storage observations derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data are integrated with hydrological modeling results (for soil moisture modelling) to estimate the groundwater depletion rate. Since the results have vast difference in spatial resolution between GRACE (~300 km) and InSAR (~10’s of meters), the two measurements are not comparable over the same region. Instead, we applied them to Haolebaoji surrounding region and ALOS covered area, respectively. The groundwater change series of about –7.3 mm yr–1 between December 2006 and June 2012 is detected, which is then being exploited to explain the groundwater induced subsidence in Haolebaoji, Inner Mongolia. Within ALOS covered region, time-series analysis was carried out to explain the local subsidence. Then the total area size of underground mining sites is estimated, and we concluded that human involved activities contribute a lot to the total velocity and this part of subsidence should be excluded before estimating the final mean velocity (–4.9 mm yr–1 in vertical direction) when comparing with GRACE-based groundwater depletion series. Last but not least, some suggestions are given on how to make a rational comparison between the InSAR derived mean velocity with GRACE-based groundwater depletion trend together. This study could help the local government and associated geotechnical engineers to have a better understanding of the groundwater induced subsidence in this region.
Affine equivalence of monomial rotation symmetric Boolean functions: A Pólya’s theorem approach
Authors: Cusick Thomas W. , Lakshmy K. V. , Sethumadhavan M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo Boolean functions are affine equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by applying an affine transformation to the input variables. For a long time, there have been efforts to investigate the affine equivalence of Boolean functions. Due to the complexity of the general problem, only affine equivalence under certain groups of permutations is usually considered. Boolean functions which are invariant under the action of cyclic rotation of the input variables are known as rotation symmetric (RS) Boolean functions. Due to their speed of computation and the prospect of being good cryptographic Boolean functions, this class of Boolean functions has received a lot of attention from cryptographic researchers. In this paper, we study affine equivalence for the simplest rotation symmetric Boolean functions, called MRS functions, which are generated by the cyclic permutations of a single monomial. Using Pólya’s enumeration theorem, we compute the number of equivalence classes, under certain large groups of permutations, for these MRS functions in any number
Design Tradeoffs for High-Speed Directional Coupler Modulators with Δβ-Reversal in LiNbO3
Authors: Auracher F. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
We show the tradeoffs between the bandwidth-length product, drive voltage-length product and the optical insertion-loss of modulators butt-coupled to single-mode fibers. The numerical calculations are performed for a new design that permits fast Δβ-operation of directional coupler modulators.
Fibers. Selective Excitation of Annular Zones in a Graded Index Multimode Fiber
Authors: Calzavara M. , Caponi R. , Cisternino F. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
A simple and reliable method to excite selectively different annular zones of a multimode graded index fiber has been implemented. This technique, exploring concentric layers of the fiber core with different chemical compositions, can find application in differential measurements of material properties. On the basis of a ray optics picture of propagation, a light beam having angular and spatial dimensions much smaller than the relevant dimensions of the fiber was employed for selective excitation.
Different annular configurations have been obtained varying the position and angle of incidence on the fiber end. Results obtained by an apparatus consisting of standard components only on low loss communication fibers are reported for different refractive index profiles and lengths up to 100 meters.
Coupling. Theory of Coupling Loss of an Ion Exchanged Multimode Channel Waveguide to Optical Fibers
Authors: Čtyroký J. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The potential applicability of multimode integrated optical branching waveguides and couplers is limited primarily by their coupling loss to optical fibers. To get a reasonably detailed theoretical insight, the fiber-to- fiber coupling loss of a section of a multimode channel waveguide fabricated, e.g., by ion exchange in a glass substrate is calculated using a ray-optic approximation. An approach of the length-averaged coupling loss results in a simple and efficient calculation procedure which enables one to optimize the parameters of a channel waveguide for minimum coupling loss. Coupling losses as low as 2 dB and 0.25 dB can be obtained for single channel and sandwich structures, respectively, coupled to standard graded-index fibers.
Detectors. Time Response of Long Wavelength PIN Photodiodes Based on GaInAs
Authors: Radenovic B. M. , Cvijetic M. M. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In this paper a complete analytical treatment of the step response of GaInAs PIN photodiodes is presented. The analysis is based on the continuity equations, and the effects of the reflection upon the back surface is taken into account. The obtained results are presented in the form of diagrams suitable for use in the photodiode designing.
Variable Presentation of X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
Authors: Wiltshire Esko , Couper J. Jennifer , Rodda Christine , Jameson J. Larry , Achermann John C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We present a family with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) due to a truncation mutation in the DAX1 gene. The three patient reports demonstrate variable clinical and biochemical features at presentation. They presented with adrenal crises at 3 years, 4 weeks, and 3 weeks. Mineralocorticoid deficiency preceded glucocorticoid deficiency in patient 3 and an early ultrasound indicated normal sized adrenal tissue. Genetic analysis showed that potential female carriers were unaffected.
Assessment of the Current Status of Iodine Prophylaxis in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation
Authors: Tahirović H. , Toromanović A. , Hadžibegić N. , Štimljanin D. , Konjević R. , Budimić Z. , Čengić H. , Rončević Ž. , Denjo E. , Huskić J. , Hadžimujić I. , Moro D. , Ivanković A. , Dodik N. , Hasanbegović S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Assessment of the status of iodine prophylaxis was studied in 5,523 schoolchildren randomly selected in all cantons in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation (BHF). According to the iodine content of household salt samples, all cantons of BHF were divided into two groups: Group A: 95.5% of the salt used is produced in the Tuzla plant, in which the salt is iodized at 5-15 mg Kl/kg salt, and 4.5% of the salt used is produced in the Pag plant, in which the salt is iodized at 20-30 mg Kl/kg of salt, and Group B: 19.9% of the salt used is produced in the Tuzla plant and 80.1% in the Pag plant. In Group A the amount of iodine in salt was significantly lower than in Group B (11.4 mg/kg vs 18.9 mg/kg, P <0.001). In Group A the prevalence of goiter was significantly higher than in Group B (32.6% vs 19.7%, P <0.001). The highest prevalence of goiter was in Bosnian Podrinje Canton (51.2%) and Central Bosnian Canton (42.6%) while the lowest was in West Herzegovina Canton (12.9%). Significantly higher concentrations of urinary iodine were found in Group B than in Group A (82.6 μg/1 vs 75.2 μg/1, P <0.001). In Group A the percentage of urine samples below 50 μg/1 iodine was significantly higher than in Group B (35.6% vs 26.9%, P <0.001), but there was no difference in the percentage of urine samples with iodine values less than 100 μg/1 (70.7 μg/1 vs 68.25 μg/1, P >0.05). We conclude that FBH is an iodine deficient area and that the improvement of iodine prophylaxis is urgently required, primarily by increasing salt iodine content to 20-30 mg/kg, in order to eradicate endemic goiter.
Gliclazide-Induced Hepatitis, Hemiplegia and Dysphasia in a Suicide Attempt
Authors: Çaksen Hüseyin , Kendirci Mustafa , Tutuş Ahmet , Üzüm Kazım , Kurtoğlu Selim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus are diverse and include several classes. One class is sulfonylureas which primarily cause serum glucose reduction by stimulating the release of preformed insulin from the pancreatic islets. Gliclazide, a second generation sulfonylurea, is used to control glycemic levels in non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. We report a 14 year-old non-diabetic girl who developed hepatitis, hemiplegia and dysphasia after ingestion of an overdose of gliclazide (20 mg/kg/day) in a suicide attempt. Our purpose is to draw attention to the severity of gliclazide-induced neurological signs. To the best of our knowledge, gliclazide-induced hemiplegia and dysphasia have not been previously reported in the literature.