bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical Requirements and Responsibilities in Video Methodologies: Considering Confidentiality and Representation in Social Justice Research
Authors: Anderson Steph M. , Muñoz Proto Carolina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent years, psychologists have begun to use video more frequently in qualitative research, in particular, within research on social justice. The non‐confidential nature inherent in video, however, raises new ethical challenges for the field of psychology to address. Building upon a growing literature on video‐based research, in this article, we use an illustrative case study to examine how researchers' sense ofethical responsibilitycan find guidance from, clash against, or fill gaps left by extant federal and disciplinaryethical requirements. We focus specifically on issues of confidentiality and representation, highlighting the challenges and possibilities that video creates in relation to participants' power, dignity, and participation and arguing that psychologists must systematically engage questions about ethical responsibilities throughout the design and implementation phases of a research project. In doing so, psychologists, their community partners, and students will be better able to articulate and problematize their assumptions and intentions regarding video work.
Evaluation of cytology collection techniques and prevalence of Malassezia yeast and bacteria in claw folds of normal and allergic dogs
Authors: Lo Kimberly L. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundCanine bacterial and Malassezia paronychia are common secondary complications of atopic dermatitis and adverse food reactions.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare three different sampling methods for claw fold cytology and to evaluate the numbers of bacteria, Malassezia yeast and inflammatory cells.AnimalsSixty client‐owned dogs were classified into three groups: (A) normal dogs; (B) allergic dogs with no clinical evidence of claw disease (brown staining, erythema, swelling, crusts or exudates); and (C) allergic dogs with clinical paronychia.MethodsA prospective, blinded, split‐plot study design was used. Claw folds from each dog were sampled using either a toothpick, tape preparation or direct impression smear. Slides were evaluated by two investigators for inflammatory cells, nuclear streaming, debris, corneocytes, yeast, intracellular (IC) cocci, extracellular (EC) cocci, IC rods and EC rods. For each parameter, data were compared between groups and between methods. Inter‐reader agreements were calculated.ResultsGroup C had significantly higher values of EC cocci and corneocytes than Groups A or B. Although Malassezia organisms were more prevalent in allergic dogs than normal dogs, the counts were not significantly different. There were significantly higher numbers of Malassezia organisms (P = 0.0016) and EC cocci (P = 0.0106) retrieved from samples collected with a toothpick compared to other methods. Tape preparations were associated with significantly more debris and corneocytes (both P < 0.0001) and impression smears with significantly more nuclear streaming (P = 0.0468).Conclusions and clinical importanceSample collection using a toothpick optimizes the value of cytological results when sampling allergic dogs with clinical paronychia.
A retrospective review of hyperaesthetic leucotrichia in horses in the USA
Authors: Goodale Elizabeth C. , White Stephen D. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , Everett Angela D. , Affolter Verena K. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundHyperaesthetic leucotrichia (HL) rarely affects horses and causes painful lesions on the dorsum that result in leucotrichia. This may be a variant of erythema multiforme (EM), but there are no studies investigating this condition.ObjectivesDescribe the clinical and histological features of HL and compare them to the histological features of EM.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records from 1985 to 2015 identified 15 horses with HL. Thirteen biopsies of HL and five of EM were evaluated and compared.ResultsArabian horses and their crosses (χ2(1) = 8.56, P < 0.01) and American paint horses (χ2(1) = 6.64, P < 0.05) were over represented. The onset of clinical signs was between April and September (14 of 15). The most common clinical signs were pain (15 of 15), leucotrichia (11 of 15), crusting (10 of 15) and alopecia (8 of 15) limited to darkly pigmented skin. The lesions recurred seasonally in 6 of 12 horses and unpredictably in 1 of 12 horse. The most common histological features were the presence of large stellate cells (13 of 13) and oedema (12 of 13) in the superficial dermis, perivascular to diffuse lymphocytic inflammation (13 of 13), pigmentary incontinence (12 of 13), apoptotic keratinocytes (9 of 13) and vesicle formation (8 of 13). Horses with EM (n = 5) had significantly more acanthosis (z = −2.40, P < 0.02) and lymphocytic exocytosis (z = −3.1, P < 0.004), satellitosis (Fisher's exact P = 0.02) and inflammation (z = −2.91, P < 0.004). Horses with HL had significantly more pigmentary incontinence (z = 2.13, P < 0.04) and superficial dermal oedema (z = 2.56, P < 0.002).ConclusionsHL affects primarily Arabian horses and American paint horses. It occurs mainly in summer and may recur. Histologically HL shares features with EM, but there are significant differences between them.
Human antibody reactivity against xenogeneic N‐glycolylneuraminic acid and galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose antigen
Authors: Hurh Sunghoon , Kang Bohae , Choi Inho , Cho Bumrae , Lee Eun Mi , Kim Hwajung , Kim Young June , Chung Yun Shin , Jeong Jong Cheol , Hwang Jong‐Ik , Kim Jae Young , Lee Byeong Chun , Surh Charles D. , Yang Jaeseok , Ahn Curie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundDespite the development of α1,3‐galactosyl transferase‐knockout (GTKO) pigs, acute humoral xenograft rejection caused by antibodies against non‐Gal antigens, along with complement activation, are hurdles that need to be overcome. Among non‐Gal antigens, N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is considered to play an important role in xenograft rejection in human.MethodsWe generated human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells that expressed xenogeneic Neu5Gc (HEK293‐pCMAH) or α1,3Gal (HEK293‐pGT) antigen and investigated the degree of human antibody binding and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against these antigens using 100 individual human sera.ResultsBoth IgM and IgG bound to α1,3Gal, while only IgG bound to Neu5Gc. Of the ABO blood groups, the degree of IgG binding to α1,3Gal was highest for blood group A. The degree of CDC against HEK293‐pCMAH cells was significantly lower than that against HEK293‐pGT cells. However, CDC against HEK293‐pCMAH cells was significantly higher than that against control HEK293 cells. In addition, the severity of CDC against HEK293‐pCMAH cells positively correlated with that against GTKO pig aortic endothelial cells (PAECs), suggesting that Neu5Gc is the main antigen in GTKO PAECs. Similar to antibody‐binding activity, only IgG binding correlated with CDC against HEK293‐pCMAH cells. The most common subclass of IgGs against Neu5Gc was IgG1, which typically induces strong complement activation.ConclusionsWe showed that IgG‐mediated CDC was detected in Neu5Gc‐overexpressed HEK293 cells incubated with human sera; however, this antibody reactivity to Neu5Gc was highly variable among individuals. Our results suggest that additional modifications to the CMAH gene should be considered for widespread use of pig organs for human transplants.
Molecular phylogeny, biogeography and chromosome evolution of Malagasy dwarf geckos of the genus Lygodactylus (Squamata, Gekkonidae)
Authors: Mezzasalma Marcello , Andreone Franco , Aprea Gennaro , Glaw Frank , Odierna Gaetano , Guarino Fabio M. 
Published: July 2016

We performed a phylogenetic analysis using nuclear (RAG‐1, RAG‐2) and mitochondrial (16S) markers, a statistical Bayesian reconstruction of ancestral distribution areas and a karyological analysis on most Malagasy species of the gekkonid genus Lygodactylus. The phylogenetic analysis largely confirms major basal branching pattern of previous molecular studies, but highlights significant differences concerning both the relationships between different species groups as well as those within groups. The biogeographic analysis supports a Malagasy origin of Lygodactylus, an oversea dispersal to continental Africa and a return to Madagascar. The L. madagascariensis group (also including a new candidate species identified herein) is the most basal clade in Lygodactylus, and the sister group of a clade with all the remaining species. The second most basal clade is the L. verticillatus group, placed as the sister group of a clade comprising African and Malagasy species. The sister lineage of the L. verticillatus group originated the African radiation through an oversea dispersal out of Madagascar. Eventually, the sister lineage of the L. capensis group originated secondary dispersals from Africa to Madagascar. In Madagascar, lineage diversification in different species groups mainly occurred from southern to northern and eastern regions. Dispersal, vicariance and paleoclimatic refugia probably played a relevant role in the evolutionary history of closely related taxa and in speciation mechanisms. The cytogenetic analysis evidenced a high karyotypic variability in Lygodactylus (from 2n = 34 to 2n = 40), which is at least partly consistent with the phylogenetic relationships and the composition of the various species group. Chromosome evolution occurred independently in different lineages, mainly through a reduction in the chromosome number and starting from a putative primitive karyotype of 2n = 40 with all telocentric elements.
Diversification across major biogeographic breaks in the African Shining/Square‐tailed Drongos complex (Passeriformes: Dicruridae)
Authors: Fuchs Jérôme , Fjeldså Jon , Bowie Rauri C. K. 
Published: July 2016

Surprisingly, little is known about the extent of genetic structure within widely distributed and polytypic African species that are not restricted to a particular habitat type. The few studies that have been conducted suggested that speciation among African vertebrates may be intrinsically tied to habitat and the dynamic nature of biome boundaries. In the present study, we assessed the geographic structure of genetic variation across two sister‐species of drongos, the Square‐tailed Drongo (Dicrurus ludwigii) and the Shining Drongo (D. atripennis), that are distributed across multiple sub‐Saharan biogeographic regions and habitat types. Our results indicate that D. ludwigii consists of two strongly divergent lineages, corresponding to an eastern–southern lineage and a central‐western lineage. Furthermore, the central‐western lineage may be more closely related to D. atripennis, a species restricted to the Guineo‐Congolian forest block, and it should therefore be ranked as a separate species from the eastern–southern lineage. Genetic structure is also recovered within the three primary lineages of the D. atripennis–D. ludwigii complex, suggesting that the true species diversity still remains underestimated. Additional sampling and data are required to resolve the taxonomic status of several further populations. Overall, our results suggest the occurrence of complex diversification patterns across habitat types and biogeographic regions in sub‐Saharan Africa birds.
Nicotinic receptor activation contrasts pathophysiological bursting and neurodegeneration evoked by glutamate uptake block on rat hypoglossal motoneurons
Authors: Corsini Silvia , Tortora Maria , Nistri Andrea 
Published: July 2016

Key points
Impaired uptake of glutamate builds up the extracellular level of this excitatory transmitter to trigger rhythmic neuronal bursting and delayed cell death in the brainstem motor nucleus hypoglossus.
This process is the expression of the excitotoxicity that underlies motoneuron degeneration in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affecting bulbar motoneurons.
In a model of motoneuron excitotoxicity produced by pharmacological block of glutamate uptake in vitro, rhythmic bursting is suppressed by activation of neuronal nicotinic receptors with their conventional agonist nicotine. Emergence of bursting is facilitated by nicotinic receptor antagonists.
Following excitotoxicity, nicotinic receptor activity decreases mitochondrial energy dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and production of toxic radicals. Globally, these phenomena synergize to provide motoneuron protection.
Nicotinic receptors may represent a novel target to contrast pathological overactivity of brainstem motoneurons and therefore to prevent their metabolic distress and death.
AbstractExcitotoxicity is thought to be one of the early processes in the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because high levels of glutamate have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of such patients due to dysfunctional uptake of this transmitter that gradually damages brainstem and spinal motoneurons. To explore potential mechanisms to arrest ALS onset, we used an established in vitro model of rat brainstem slice preparation in which excitotoxicity is induced by the glutamate uptake blocker dl‐threo‐β‐benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA). Because certain brain neurons may be neuroprotected via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by nicotine, we investigated if nicotine could arrest excitotoxic damage to highly ALS‐vulnerable hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs). On 50% of patch‐clamped HMs, TBOA induced intense network bursts that were inhibited by 1–10 μm nicotine, whereas nAChR antagonists facilitated burst emergence in non‐burster cells. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited excitatory transmission and enhanced synaptic inhibition. Strong neuroprotection by nicotine prevented the HM loss observed after 4 h of TBOA exposure. This neuroprotective action was due to suppression of downstream effectors of neurotoxicity such as increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, impaired energy metabolism and upregulated genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, HMs surviving TBOA toxicity often expressed UDP‐glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, a key element in repair of misfolded proteins: this phenomenon was absent after nicotine application, indicative of ER stress prevention. Our results suggest nAChRs to be potential targets for inhibiting excitotoxic damage of motoneurons at an early stage of the neurodegenerative process.
Um estudo de caso ligado ao sexo em Python regius (Serpentes: Boidae), com novas ideias sobre a determinação sexual em Henophidia
Authors: Mallery Jr Christopher S. , Carrillo Maira M. 
Published: July 2016

Em 2002, um herpetoculturista identificou uma característica fenotípica única, o Brilho Coral (Coral Glow - CG), em um píton-bola (Python regius), e realizou cruzamento do indivíduo para produzir descendentes com aparência similar. Além disso, como os herpetoculturistas descobriram em seguida, o padrão de herança para esta característica não obedeceu a herança mendeliana simples esperada. Machos CG filhos de machos CG produziram principalmente machos CG e fêmeas tipo selvagem (WT), e machos CG produzidos a partir de fêmeas CG originaram principalmente fêmeas CG e machos WT. A hipótese atual para explicar essas observações é a de que CG é uma característica dominante incompleta ligada ao sexo sujeita a recombinação em um sistema de determinação sexual do tipo XX/XY em píton-bola. Apresentamos aqui dados que demonstram o padrão observado de herança e submetemos esses dados a uma análise de ligação. Observamos um valor de logaritmo de probabilidades (LOD) > 179,1, uma evidência de que o fenótipo CG e o fenótipo ligado ao sexo estão em um estado de desequilíbrio de ligação. Apesar de pesquisadores anteriores terem assumido que todas as serpentes exibem heterogamia feminina, os mecanismos de determinação sexual em jibóias e pítons não foram identificados, e uma revisão da literatura relevante revela que a hipótese de heterogamia masculina em Henophidia é consistente com observações adicionais publicadas. Oferecemos uma interpretação alternativa das descobertas dos estudos de caso passados, em que pesquisadores relataram ter confirmado a existência de indivíduos WW viáveis de Epicrates maurus e de Boa constrictor, e ainda discutimos as implicações da heterogamia masculina em Henophidia.
The birth fathers of adopted children: differences and continuities over a 30-year period
Authors: Clapton Gary , Clifton John 
Published: July 2016

The history of adoption in the UK can be divided into two approximate eras: prior to 1980, ‘relinquished’ babies were placed with childless couples; post-1980, adoption was increasingly seen as an alternative permanence option for children in care. This article explores the changes and continuities in the experiences of one group of people in the adoption process over these two periods: birth fathers. In the light of the dearth of research on this group, the authors compare their own studies of birth fathers from each era to identify constants and changes in birth father experiences and what can be learned for future adoption practice. The findings show that contemporary birth fathers are likely to be older, more vulnerable and more likely to have parented their child. It is suggested that while there is greater acknowledgement of the significance of fathers and today’s birth fathers have more legal rights than their predecessors (though not complete parity with mothers) and have more complex lives, services have yet to devise more inclusive practices.
Misperceptions of unemployment and individual labor market outcomes
Authors: Cardoso Ana Rute , Loviglio Annalisa , Piemontese Lavinia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We analyze the impact of misperceptions of the unemployment rate on individual wages, using the European Social Survey. We follow a threefold strategy to tackle potential endogeneity problems, as the model includes the following: controls for worker’s ability, the regional unemployment rate, and country fixed effects. We estimate interval regression models. When subjective perceptions overstate the country unemployment rate, a one percentage point gap between the perceived and the actual rates reduces wages by 0.4 to 0.7 %. We discuss a potential mechanism. A pessimistic view of the labor market leads to concern over own employment prospects, lowering perceived bargaining power and reservation wages.
Dynamics of employment assimilation
Authors: Akay Alpaslan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of immigrants’ employment assimilation in comparison with the standard static assimilation model. When the effect of past employment experience on current employment possibilities differs between immigrants and natives, then the static assimilation model might produce biased and unrealistic predictions of the relative employment probabilities of immigrants. Using a high-quality panel dataset collected in Sweden and a state-of-the-art non-linear dynamic assimilation model, we find a large employment status persistence that substantially differs between immigrants and native Swedes. We show that failing to control for the differential past labor market experience leads to an incorrect account of the host country-specific human capital that results to a large overestimation (underestimation) of the short-run (long-run) marginal assimilation rates when using the standard static assimilation model.

JEL Classification: C33, J15, J61
Distributing and returning mechanism of Soviet cinema in the period of «stagnation»
Authors: Косинова Марина , Kosinova Marina 
Published: July 2016

The article discusses the process of film distribution in Soviet cinema in the 1970s. This complex, multi-path way of the film to the viewer that begins with scenarios of application, and finishes with the replication of film prints. This article describes the mechanism of film award, the system of payment of fees (“production fees”) of the Soviet filmmakers, depending on the category and the payment process “potirazhnye” («printing fees»). The author analyzes the work of «GUKK»- General Directorate of cinema spreading and the distribution, the specifics of its work in the “stagnation”, considering the work of the distribution companies and cinemas, the mechanism of distribution of gross income of cinemas, in the period of “stagnation”, they were rather nominal
in nature. Every filmmaker knew only his job and his salary, the overall picture of the industry was not inter-esting for him. Distributing and returning links of Soviet cinema, in essence, were not for its return and were separated from production. According to the notorious principle of thematic planning it was obligatory to make certain proportions of films about the leading role of the party and its leaders, revolution, the working class, the collective farm of the village and etc. The Soviet Studio were to run the movies of similar subjects every year regardless of whether they had appropriate, high-quality scripts, good Directors and, most importantly, potential
audience. Based on the studied material the author concludes that in the 1970-ies the Central headquarters of the Soviet cinematography – ​Institute of State cinema of USSR –determined: who, what, where and when to watch at the cinemas. The professional consciousness of each member of the creative team, therefore, did not fix the desire to achieve success with the audience, and the willingness to achieve recognition by the College of the Institute of State cinema and the film award of the highest category (which assumed significant additional benefits and bonuses). However, Institute of State cinema («Goskino»), the state cinema management was not the ultimate authority in the control of cinema industry process. At the head of the system was the Communist party.
Validity of Treadmill-Derived Critical Speed on Predicting 5000-Meter Track-Running Performance
Authors: Nimmerichter Alfred , Novak Nina , Triska Christoph , Prinz Bernhard , Breese Brynmor C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Nimmerichter, A, Novak, N, Triska, C, Prinz, B, and Breese, BC. Validity of treadmill-derived critical speed on predicting 5,000-meter track-running performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 706–714, 2017—To evaluate 3 models of critical speed (CS) for the prediction of 5,000-m running performance, 16 trained athletes completed an incremental test on a treadmill to determine maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and 3 randomly ordered runs to exhaustion at the ∆70% intensity, at 110% and 98% of MAS. Critical speed and the distance covered above CS (D′) were calculated using the hyperbolic speed-time (HYP), the linear distance-time (LIN), and the linear speed inverse-time model (INV). Five thousand meter performance was determined on a 400-m running track. Individual predictions of 5,000-m running time (t = [5,000−D′]/CS) and speed (s = D’/t + CS) were calculated across the 3 models in addition to multiple regression analyses. Prediction accuracy was assessed with the standard error of estimate (SEE) from linear regression analysis and the mean difference expressed in units of measurement and coefficient of variation (%). Five thousand meter running performance (speed: 4.29 ± 0.39 m·s−1; time: 1,176 ± 117 seconds) was significantly better than the predictions from all 3 models (p < 0.0001). The mean difference was 65–105 seconds (5.7–9.4%) for time and −0.22 to −0.34 m·s−1 (−5.0 to −7.5%) for speed. Predictions from multiple regression analyses with CS and D′ as predictor variables were not significantly different from actual running performance (−1.0 to 1.1%). The SEE across all models and predictions was approximately 65 seconds or 0.20 m·s−1 and is therefore considered as moderate. The results of this study have shown the importance of aerobic and anaerobic energy system contribution to predict 5,000-m running performance. Using estimates of CS and D′ is valuable for predicting performance over race distances of 5,000 m.