bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage Selection of Peptide Macrocycles against β‐Catenin To Interfere with Wnt Signaling
Authors: Bertoldo Davide , Khan Maola M. G. , Dessen Pierre , Held Werner , Huelsken Joerg , Heinis Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUpregulation of β‐catenin, the primary mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of several types of human cancer. Targeting β‐catenin to interfere with its ability to serve as a translational co‐activator is considered an attractive therapeutic approach. However, the development of inhibitors has been challenging because of the lack of obvious binding pockets for ligands, and because inhibitors should not interfere with other β‐catenin functions. Only two ligands with known molecular interactions with β‐catenin have been developed so far, and are based on stabilized α‐helical peptides. In this study, we screened a large combinatorial library of bicyclic peptides by phage display. Binders to different surface regions of β‐catenin were identified. The binding site of one group of ligands was mapped to the interaction region of the translational Wnt inhibitor ICAT (inhibitor of β‐catenin and Tcf), which is a prime target site on β‐catenin for therapeutic intervention, and to which no ligands could be developed before.
Regioselective, Tin‐Free Sulfation of Unprotected Hexopyranosides by Using Phenylboronic Acid
Authors: Fukuhara Kenji , Shimada Naoyuki , Nishino Takashi , Kaji Eisuke , Makino Kazuishi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRegioselective, tin‐free sulfation of a number of unprotected glycopyranosides derived from L‐fucose, L‐rhamnose, D‐arabinose, D‐glucose, D‐galactose, and D‐trehalose was achieved by using phenylboronic acid for masking the hydroxy groups and a 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl‐protected sulfurylimidazolium salt as the sulfating reagent. The formation of phenylborate ester remarkably improved the solubility of the carbohydrates in organic solvents and indicated high reactivity and regioselectivity in the sulfation reactions. This methodology was successfully adapted to result in a one‐pot procedure that did not require separation or purification of the reaction intermediates.
Cognitive performance in depressed older persons: the impact of vascular burden and remission. A two‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Zuidersma Marij , Comijs Hannie C. , Naarding Paul , Oude Voshaar Richard C. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesDepression is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. The present study compared two‐year change in cognitive performance between depressed older persons and a non‐depressed control group, between remitted and non‐remitted patients, and evaluated whether vascular burden at baseline was associated with more cognitive decline in depressed older persons.MethodsDepressed patients (n = 378) aged ≥60 were recruited from mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and a non‐depressed control group (n = 132) was recruited from general practices. A DSM‐IV depressive episode was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and processing speed, working memory, verbal memory and interference control were evaluated with three neurocognitive tasks at baseline and 2 years later. A modified Framingham Risk Score, ankle‐brachial index, and history of a vascular event defined vascular burden at baseline.ResultsAfter adjusting for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex, and education level, depressed older persons had worse processing speed and verbal memory scores at follow‐up than controls (regression coefficients: −0.172; p = 0.042 and −0.309; p = 0.001, respectively) but did not differ in the other two‐cognitive outcomes. In the sample of depressed patients, remission status at 2 years follow‐up and baseline vascular burden did not predict cognitive performance at follow‐up, after adjustment for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex and education level.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive deficits in depressed older persons are not just a manifestation of depression. In addition, vascular burden was not associated with worse cognitive decline in a sample of depressed older persons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rigidoporus Vinctus Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Its Characterization
Authors: Ken Chuian‐Fu , Tzeng Shiun‐Jye , Wen Lisa , Lin Chi‐Tsai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs; E.C. 1.1.1.1) are widely distributed enzymes found in many microorganisms. ADHs are oxidoreductases that catalyze the NAD(P)+‐dependent conversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones as well as the reverse reaction. The ADH cloned from Rigidoporus vinctus (RvADH) was 1035 bp that encodes a protein of 344 amino acid residues with calculated molecular mass of 38.39 kDa. This ADH is belonging to the medium‐chain family (medium‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) and has the highly conserved GXXGXXG sequence found in the MDR family which found as the coenzyme‐binding pocket. To characterize the ADH protein, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector pET‐20b(+) and transformed into E. coli Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant His6‐tagged ADH was overexpressed and purified by Ni2+‐nitrilotriacetic acid Sepharose. The purified enzyme showed one band on 12 % sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Michaelis constant (KM) value of the recombinant enzyme for ethanol was 0.79 mM. In substrates specificity analysis showed that RvADH had great oxidative activity toward primary alcohols. However, the less activtiy toward secondary alcohols and alcohol derivatives were compared with ethanol. Regarding the reductase activity showed low or even no activity to aldehydes and ketone.
Milligan–Morgan (Open) Versus Ferguson Haemorrhoidectomy (Closed): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Published Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad I. , Sajid Muhammad Shafique , Baig Mirza K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjective
The purpose of this article is to systematically analyse the randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Ferguson or closed haemorrhoidectomy (CH) versus open haemorrhoidectomy (OH) or Milligan–Morgan haemorrhoidectomy in the management of haemorrhoidal disease (HD).MethodsRCTs on the effectiveness of CH and OH in the management of HD were analysed systematically using RevMan®, and combined outcome was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference.ResultsEleven CRTs encompassing 1326 patients were analysed systematically. There was significant heterogeneity among included trials. Therefore, in the random effects model, CH was associated with a reduced post‐operative pain (SMD, −0.36; 95 % CI, −0.64, −0.07; z = 2.45; p = 0.01), faster wound healing (OR, 0.08; 95 % CI, 0.02, 0.24; z = 4.33; p < 0.0001), lesser risk of post‐operative bleeding (OR, 0.50; 95 % CI, 0.27, 0.91; z = 2.27; p < 0.02) and prolonged duration of operation (SMD, 6.10; 95 % CI, 3.21, 8.98; z = 4.13; p < 0.0001). But the variables such as pain on defecation (SMD, −0.33; 95 % CI, −0.68, 0.03; z = 1.82; p = 0.07), length of hospital stay, post‐operative complications, HD recurrence and risk of surgical site infection were similar in both groups.ConclusionCH has clinically measurable advantages over OH in terms of reduced post‐operative pain, lower risk of post‐operative bleeding and faster wound healing.
Numerical study of head-on droplet collisions at high Weber numbers
Authors: Liu M. , Bothe D. 
Published: January 2016

Head-on collisions of binary water droplets at high Weber numbers are studied by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS). We modify the lamella stabilization method of Focke & Bothe (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 166 (14), 2011, pp. 799–810), which avoids the artificial rupture of the thin lamella arising in high-energy collisions, and validate it in the regime of high Weber numbers. The simulations are conducted with and without initial disturbances and the results are compared with the experimental work of Pan et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 80 (3), 2009, 036301). The influence of initial white noise disturbance on the collision dynamics is identified and good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental results is obtained when the initial noise disturbances are properly exerted. In order to include the stochastic nature of the disturbance, we conduct several simulations with white noise disturbance of same strength and average the spectrum diagram for the unstably developing rim of the collision complex. We show that the magnification of rim perturbation can be predicted by Plateau–Rayleigh theory over a long time span.
Prediction study on positive DC corona onset voltage of rod‐plane air gaps and its application to the design of valve hall fittings
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Ruan Jiangjun , Huang Daochun , Shu Shengwen , Du Zhiye 
Published: January 2016

Corona inception can be viewed as the release of capacitive energy stored in the electric field. A new prediction method of the corona onset voltage based on electric field features and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this study. This method was used to predict the positive DC corona onset voltage of the rod‐plane air gap. The predicted results were compared with the experimental values and the calculated values of the existing methods. Then, the corona onset voltage of the shielding sphere used in a valve hall of ±660 kV DC converter station was measured and predicted by the SVM model and the photoionisation model. The safe values of corona inception electric field strength were obtained. By comparing the finite element numerical calculation results of the electric field strength with the safe value, it was proved that the corona would not incept on the surface of the shielding sphere under operating voltage. This method provides a new possible way to predict corona onset voltages of valve hall fittings used in HVDC transmission projects.
Climate change, the Great Barrier Reef and the response of Australians
Authors: Goldberg Jeremy , Marshall Nadine , Birtles Alastair , Case Peter , Bohensky Erin , Curnock Matt , Gooch Margaret , Parry-Husbands Howard , Pert Petina , Tobin Renae , Villani Christopher , Visperas Bernard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInspiration, aspirations, attitudes, and perception of threats play a pivotal role in the way that individuals associate themselves with natural environments. These sentiments affect how people connect to natural places, including their behaviours, perceived responsibility, and the management interventions they support. World Heritage Areas hold an important place in the lives of people who visit, aspire to visit, or derive a sense of security and well-being from their existence. Yet, the connection between people and special places is rarely quantified and policymakers find it difficult to incorporate these human dimensions into decision-making processes. Here we describe the personal concern and connection that Australians have with the Great Barrier Reef and discuss how the results may help with its management. We utilize a statistically representative sample of Australian residents (n= 2,002) and show empirically that climate change is perceived to be the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef, and that the Great Barrier Reef inspires Australians, promotes pride, and instills a sense of individual identity and collective responsibility to protect it. An increased understanding of the high levels of personal connection to iconic natural resources may help managers to enhance public support for protecting climate-sensitive systems within Australia and around the world.
Global energy governance: a review and research agenda
Authors: Van de Graaf Thijs , Colgan Jeff 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOver the past few years, global energy governance (GEG) has emerged as a major new field of enquiry in international studies. Scholars engaged in this field seek to understand how the energy sector is governed at the global level, by whom and with what consequences. By focusing on governance, they broaden and enrich the geopolitical and hard-nosed security perspectives that have long been, and still are, the dominant perspectives through which energy is analysed. Though still a nascent field, the literature on GEG is thriving and continues to attract the attention of a growing number of researchers. This article reviews the GEG literature as it has developed over the past 10 years. Our aim is to highlight both the progress and limitations of the field, and to identify some opportunities for future research. The article proceeds as follows. First, it traces the origins of the GEG literature (section “Origins and roots of GEG research”). The subsequent sections deal with the two topics that have received the most attention in the GEG literature: Why does energy need global governance (section “The goals and rationale of global energy governance”)? And, who governs energy (section “Mapping the global energy architecture”)? We then address a third question that has received far less attention: How well or poor is energy governed (section “Evaluating global energy governance”)? In our conclusions (section “Conclusions and outlook”), we reflect on the current state of GEG, review recent trends and innovations, and identify some questions that warrant future consideration by scholars. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on global governance.
Biologic-free mechanically induced muscle regeneration
Authors: Cezar Christine A. , Roche Ellen T. , Vandenburgh Herman H. , Duda Georg N. , Walsh Conor J. , Mooney David J. 
Published: January 2016

SignificanceMuch progress has been made toward the development of drug and cell therapies for the treatment of severely injured skeletal muscle, although reliable clinical therapies still do not exist. In contrast, this work demonstrates that biphasic ferrogels with a capacity for large, fatigue-resistant deformations can be used to mechanically stimulate and regenerate injured muscle tissue without the use of growth factors or cells. These biologic-free scaffolds exhibit a potential immunomodulatory role when stimulated and could potentially translate rapidly to the clinic. The therapeutic use of direct mechanical stimulation of injured tissues via externally actuated biomaterials could establish a new paradigm for regenerative medicine broadly.
Determinants of 6‐Minute Walk Distance in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Undergoing Lung Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Porteous Mary K. , Rivera‐Lebron Belinda N. , Kreider Maryl , Lee James , Kawut Steven M. 
Published: January 2016

Little is known about the physiologic determinants of 6‐minute walk distance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the demographic, pulmonary function, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic determinants of 6‐minute walk distance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis evaluated for lung transplantation. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 130 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who completed a lung transplantation evaluation at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 2005 and 2010. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to generate an explanatory model for 6‐minute walk distance. After adjustment for age, sex, race, height, and weight, the presence of right ventricular dilation was associated with a decrease of 50.9 m (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–93.3) in 6‐minute walk distance (P = 0:02). For each 200‐mL reduction in forced vital capacity, the walk distance decreased by 15.0 m (95% CI, 9.0–21.1; P < 0:001). For every increase of 1 Wood unit in pulmonary vascular resistance, the walk distance decreased by 17.3 m (95% CI, 5.1–29.5; P = 0:006). Six‐minute walk distance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis depends in part on circulatory impairment and the degree of restrictive lung disease. Future trials that target right ventricular morphology, pulmonary vascular resistance, and forced vital capacity may potentially improve exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Wales’ safeguarding policy and practice: a critical analysis
Authors: Phillips Carys 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The safeguarding and protection components of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 offers the culmination of four years consultation in England and Wales by the Law Commission and many years of evolving policy and practice with a view to protecting adults from harm. The purpose of this paper is to offer both scrutiny and challenge for Wales’ policy makers and practitioners alike.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is a critical analysis of both current responses and forthcoming changes.Findings– The paper proposes that Wales has failed to implement previous recommendations in relation to institutional abuse. Currently in Wales, there are individuals employed in safeguarding lead roles who have no social care qualification. This apparent “loophole” has not to date been highlighted to date by either of the regulatory bodies within Wales (CSSIW/CCfW).Research limitations/implications– The paper offers a viewpoint but leaves some questions unanswered.Practical implications– The Williams Review in April 2014 is set to change the local authority landscape in Wales. There is scope for developing the function of adult safeguarding.Social implications– Wales’ failure to recognize institutionalized abuse as a distinct category may have had impacted on its ability to respond to abuse in nursing and care as well hospital settings.Originality/value– The failure to recognize institutional abuse is not the only safeguarding anomaly within Wales’ arrangements for protecting those are risk of abuse. This paper describes gaps in the NHS and of professional accountability.
Fostering transition to adulthood for young Australian males: an exploratory study of Men's Sheds’ intergenerational mentoring programmes
Authors: Rahja Miia , Scanlan Justin Newton , Wilson Nathan J. , Cordier Reinie 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionMen's Sheds are community spaces where socialisation occurs alongside participation in meaningful activities. Shed activities and socialisation make them useful for supporting transition to adulthood of ‘at‐risk’ young people through meaningful occupations. Many sheds have implemented intergenerational mentoring programmes. However, many programmes are established on an ad‐hoc basis without specific attention to factors that may support effective and sustainable outcomes. We aimed to inform future programmes by exploring different programmes to provide insight into the purpose, design and programme characteristics that are perceived as beneficial for young males.MethodFour Sydney‐based sheds providing intergenerational mentoring programmes were selected. We interviewed shed coordinators, mentors and mentees to explore their perceptions of programme characteristics that supported mentees’ transition to adulthood. Thematic analysis techniques were used to first analyse and understand the unique context of each programme and these were then merged and integrated to identify the most helpful aspects of these mentoring programmes.ResultsMentor attitude towards the mentees, freedom to make independent choices and the nature and perceived usefulness of the project were considered the most significant characteristics of these programmes.ConclusionThis was the first known examination of the different characteristics of Men's Sheds intergenerational mentoring programmes. On the basis of our findings, we have made recommendations to help guide the planning and implementation of future programmes. While our findings largely support previous research on mentoring programmes, findings from this study suggest that ‘expert skills’ may not be as important as mentor attitude to working with the mentees.
Effects of dietary rumen‐protected lysine on milk yield and composition in lactating cows fed diets containing double‐low rapeseed meal
Authors: Liu Gang , Ma Zhi , Shan Anshan , Wang Lin , Bi Zhongpeng 
Published: January 2016

This study investigated the effects of dietary rumen‐protected lysine (RPLys) on milk yield and composition in lactating cows fed diets containing double‐low rapeseed meal. Twenty‐four cows were divided into three groups and fed one of three dietary treatments: 10% soya bean meal (SBM) diet (control), 15% double‐low rapeseed meal (DLRSM) diet and 15% DLRSM + 32 g/d RPLys (DLRSML) diet. The results showed that no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in milk yield, 4% fat correction milk (FCM), energy correction milk (ECM), protein yield, milk fat yield, milk fat, lactose yield and lactose between control and DLRSM. Supplementation with DLRSML increased (P < 0.05) milk yield, 4% FCM, ECM, and protein yield compared with the SBM. The results indicated that DLRSM and DLRSML might be used to substitute for SBM as a protein source in lactating cows, and the latter might be more beneficial to improve the performance.
DCIS of the breast: The value of preoperative MRI
Authors: Doyle Anthony James , Prakash Sharath , Wang Kaye , Cranshaw Isaac , Taylor Eletha , Oldfield Robyn 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is commonly treated surgically. The intent of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative MRI could add to mammography in predicting the extent of the disease.MethodsA series of patients with DCIS attending our surgical clinic for preoperative assessment were offered MRI as part of a prospective study. The extent of the disease indicated by mammography and MRI was compared with histopathology after definitive treatment. The null hypothesis was that MRI does not add to mammography in accurately predicting disease extent.ResultsFifty patients make up the basis of this report. Mammography was concordant with the pathology in 31/50. MRI and mammography combined were concordant in 43/50. This is a statistically significant difference (P = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). Upstaging to mastectomy by MRI was correct in 7/8 patients, but downstaging was correct in only 2/4.ConclusionsThe null hypothesis is rejected. MRI does add to mammography in accurately predicting the extent of DCIS. Upstaging by MRI is usually reliable.