bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Suicidal Ideation or Attempts in Adolescents With Obesity Treated With GLP1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Kerem Liya , Stokar Joshua 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1R) are increasingly being used for the treatment of obesity in adolescents. It is currently unknown whether GLP1R treatment is associated with suicidal ideation or attempts in this population.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between GLP1R initiation and suicidal ideation or attempts in adolescents with obesity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective propensity score–matched cohort study using electronic health records from the TriNetX global federated network between December 2019 and June 2024. The analysis included data from 120 health care organizations, mainly from the USA. Participants were adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with a diagnosis of obesity and evidence of an antiobesity GLP1R prescription or lifestyle intervention without GLP1R within the following year. Cohorts were balanced for baseline demographic characteristics, psychiatric medications and comorbidities, and diagnoses associated with socioeconomic status and health care access using propensity score matching.ExposureInitial prescription of GLP1R (study cohort) or lifestyle intervention without GLP1R (control cohort).Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence of suicidal ideation or attempts based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes recorded in patient electronic health records during 12 months of follow-up. Diagnoses of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) were used as negative control outcomes, and gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) were used as positive control outcomes.ResultsA total of 4052 adolescents with obesity and a concomitant antiobesity intervention were identified for the GLP1R cohort and 50 112 were identified for the control cohort. Propensity score matching resulted in 3456 participants in each balanced cohort. Prescription of GLP1R was associated with a 33% reduced risk for suicidal ideation or attempts over 12 months of follow-up (1.45% vs 2.26%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95; P = .02) and a higher rate of GI symptoms (6.9% vs 5.4%; HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12-1.78; P = .003) but no difference in rates of URTI diagnoses.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, adolescents with obesity prescribed a GLP1R had a lower incidence of suicidal ideation or attempts compared with matched patients not prescribed GLP1R who were treated with lifestyle intervention. These results suggest a favorable psychiatric safety profile of GLP1R in adolescents. The detected reduction in HRs for suicidal ideation among adolescents with obesity prescribed GLP1R suggests potential avenues for future research.
Automating field‐based floral surveys with machine learning
Authors: Sookhan Nicholas , Sookhan Shane , Grewal Devlin , MacIvor J. Scott 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The abundance and diversity of flowering plant species are important indicators of pollinator habitat quality, but traditional field‐based surveying techniques are time‐intensive. Therefore, they are often biased due to under‐sampling and are difficult to scale.

Aerial photography was collected across 10 sites located in and around Rouge National Urban Park, Toronto, Canada using a consumer‐grade drone. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to semantically segment, or identify and categorize, pixel clusters which represent flowers in the collected aerial imagery. Specifically, flowers of the dominant taxa found in the depauperate fall flowering plant community were surveyed. This included yellow flowering Solidago spp., white Symphyotrichum ericoides/lanceolatum and purple Symphyotrichum novae‐angliae. The CNN was trained using 930 m2 of manually annotated data, ~1% of the mapped landscape. The trained CNN was tested on 20% of the manually annotated data concealed during training. In addition, it was externally validated by comparing the predicted drone‐derived floral abundance metrics (i.e. floral area (m2) and the number of floral patches) to the field‐based count of floral units estimated for 34 4 m2 plots.

The CNN returned accurate multiclassification when evaluated against the testing data. It obtained a precision score of 0.769, a recall of 0.849, and an F1 score of 0.807. The automated floral abundance counting yielded estimates that were strongly correlated with field‐based manual counting. In addition, flower segmentation using the trained CNN was time‐efficient. On average, it took roughly the same amount of time to segment the flowers occurring in an entire drone scene as it took to complete the abundance count of a single quadrat. However, the training process, particularly manual data annotation, was the most time‐consuming component of the study.

Practical implication: Overall, the analysis provided valuable insights into automated flower classification and abundance estimation using drone imagery and machine learning. The results demonstrate that these tools can be used to provide accurate and scalable estimates of pollinator habitat quality. Further research should consider diverse wildflower systems to develop the generalizability of the methods.
Pronoun Anaphora and Children's Developing Abilities to Backward Reference in Criminal Cases of Alleged Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Ruiz‐Earle Ciara , Sullivan Colleen E. , Stolzenberg Stacia N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn child sexual abuse (CSA) testimony, attorneys may ask children questions containing pronoun anaphora (e.g., “Where was your Dad?” “What did he do?” he is a pronoun anaphora for referent, Dad). To answer these questions, children must recall the pronoun's referent and appropriate answer to the question. This may be too complex a cognitive task for young children, especially when there are multiple question‐and‐answer (Q–A) turns between the referent and pronoun, leading to misunderstanding. We examined Q–A pairs containing pronouns in 40 CSA testimonies of 5 to 10‐year‐olds. Many attorneys' questions (24%) contained pronouns. Attorneys averaged 4.11 Q–A turns between the referent and pronoun. With each additional Q–A turn, the likelihood of misunderstanding increased. Children's age was also associated with a significant decrease in misunderstanding, meaning older children exhibited fewer misunderstandings. To reduce misunderstanding, those questioning children should clarify the referent quickly when their question contains pronoun anaphora.
Hunter–Prey Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of PV, DSTATCOM, and EVCS in Radial Distribution Systems
Authors: Pappu Soundarya Lahari , Janamala Varaprasad , Veerendra A. S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis research article instigates a seminal approach for optimizing reactive power in renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) coalescing distribution systems, using the innovative Hunter–Prey Optimization (HPO) algorithm in conjunction with DSTATCOM as a reactive power compensator. The proposed methodology aims to minimize losses, enhance voltage stability, and improve overall system performance by simultaneously optimizing reactive power flows in photovoltaic RES (PV_DG), EV charging stations (EVCS), and DSTATCOMs within the distribution system. Simulations carried on IEEE‐33, IEEE‐69, and IEEE‐118 test bus systems in MATLAB environment demonstrate that the HPO‐based approach achieves a 91.47% and 96.61% reduction in real power losses and an improvement in voltage profile with a minimum voltage value of 0.991 and 0.994 p.u. (respectively for IEEE‐33 and 69 bus systems), compared to traditional algorithms. These results highlight the lofty performance of the HPO method, effectively addressing the challenges posed by the integration of RES and EVs along with DSTATCOM.
Large‐Area Flexible Organic Photovoltaic Modules on Smoothened Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes with Thick Electron Transporting Layer
Authors: Liu Yang , Qin Fei , Wang Yuanyuan , Lu Xin , Xiong Zedong , Xie Cong , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐efficiency large‐area flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules are still challenging. Electrical shunt and shortage generally occur due to surface roughness or spikes that result in low efficiency. In this work, a thick electron transporting layer (ETL) of zinc‐chelated polyethylenimine (PEI‐Zn) is introduced to smoothen the surface of silver nanowires (AgNWs) transparent electrodes. The smoothened surface of AgNWs electrodes helped to suppress the electrical leakage or shortage. Thicker PEI‐Zn layers are required to overcome the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss when the device area increases. For large‐area OPV modules on AgNWs electrodes, a high thickness of PEI‐Zn up to 350 nm can deliver high VOC as well as power conversion efficiency (PCE). Based on the AgNWs transparent electrode coated by thick PEI‐Zn ETL, a PCE of 12.50% is achieved for 35.2 cm2 flexible OPV modules certified by a third party. The modules exhibited good illumination stability and mechanical flexibility.
Engineered Bio‐Heterojunction with Robust ROS‐Scavenging and Anti‐Inflammation for Targeted Acute Pancreatitis Therapy
Authors: Shi Hongxing , Guo Yaoyu , Geng Chong , Chen Lin , He Shuai , He Wenxuan , Chen Yanbai , Chan Yau Kei , Wang Chunhui , Deng Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most severe mortal inflammatory diseases worldwide, which is characterized by the over‐activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced inflammation and pancreatic enzymes (PEs). As the PEs induced by ROS exacerbate the progression of AP, therefore, scavenging ROS within PEs is a prerequisite for AP treatment. To address the daunting issue, the engineered bio‐heterojunctions (bio‐HJs) consisting of Mo2C‐Au (MA), phospholipid, and protease inhibitors are devised. First, the decorated phospholipid and protease inhibitors facilitate the delivery of MA to the inflammatory pancreas as well as neutralization of PEs. Next, the MA exhibits outstanding antioxidant and ROS scavenging abilities, primarily benefiting from the increased empty orbitals on Mo attributed to electron transfer between the Mo2C and Au confirmed by theoretical calculation. The in vitro experiments demonstrate that the bio‐HJs exhibit splendid biocompatibility, excellent trypsin neutralization, and efficient ROS elimination properties. More encouragingly, the in vivo studies further reveal that the bio‐HJs prevent the infiltration of inflammatory cells and alleviate the severity of AP by suppressing the ROS‐induced activation of the TLR4‐ERK1/2 MAPK‐MLCK inflammatory signaling pathway. As envisioned, the engineered bio‐HJs represent a promising approach to the treatment and prevention of AP.
Glutathione‐Depleted Photodynamic Nanoadjuvant for Triggering Nonferrous Ferroptosis to Amplify Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Shi Jiangnan , Cui Guoqing , Jin Yaqi , Mi Boyu , Liu Kenan , Zhao Linqian , Bao Kewang , Lu Ziyao , Liu Jie , Wang Yuwei , He Hui , Guo Zhengqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, but the increased antioxidant system, especially the rise in glutathione (GSH), presents a significant obstacle to its effectiveness. To address this challenge, a versatile GSH‐depleted photodynamic nanoadjuvant is developed to augment the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer treatment. This nanoadjuvant operates within the tumor microenvironment to effectively deplete intracellular GSH through a sequence of cascaded processes, including GSH exhaustion, biosynthetic inhibition, and photodynamic oxidation. This leads to a notable accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPO) and subsequent suppression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity. Consequently, the combined GSH depletion induced by the nanoadjuvant markedly promotes nonferrous ferroptosis, thereby contributing to the augmentation of antitumor efficiency during radiotherapy in breast cancer. This work presents an innovative approach to designing and synthesizing biocompatible nanoadjuvants with the goal of improving the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer in prospective clinical scenarios.
Engineering Hygroscopic MOF‐Based Silk Via Bioinspired Interfacial Assembly for Fast Moisture Manipulation
Authors: Cheng Mingren , Bai Haoyu , Wang Xinsheng , Chang Ze , Cao Moyuan , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as exceptional moisture sorbents in low humidity conditions. However, their typical powdered form often results in agglomeration, impeding water diffusion kinetics and practical handling. To enhance the accessibility and diversify the integration of MOFs, a universal and scalable bionic interfacial assembly method is introduced for fabricating MOF‐based silk. The resulting silk, enriched with a high content of MOF‐303, demonstrates a significant water adsorption capacity of 315.1 mg g−1 at 25% relative humidity, exhibiting a three fold faster water absorption compared with that of stacked MOFs powder on a gram‐scale. Furthermore, it achieves efficient water release, with a rate of 8.1 mg g−1 min−1 under sunlight after surface photothermal modification. Through one‐step drawing assembly, electrothermal wires can be incorporated into MOF‐based silk and demonstrate fast and reversible moisture adsorption/desorption for indoor humidity control. It is envisioned that this assembling method and integrated functional silk will yield valuable insights into the rational engineering of MOFs toward practical applications in moisture management, molecule absorption, etc.
Lung Immune Cell Niches and the Discovery of New Cell Subtypes
Authors: Shan Qing'e , Qiu Jiahuang , Dong Zheng , Xu Xiaotong , Zhang Shuping , Ma Juan , Liu Sijin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmune cells in the lungs are important for maintaining lung function. The importance of immune cells in defending against lung diseases and infections is increasingly recognized. However, a primary knowledge gaps in current studies of lung immune cells is the understanding of their subtypes and functional heterogeneity. Increasing evidence supports the existence of novel immune cell subtypes that engage in the complex crosstalk between lung‐resident immune cells, recruited immune cells, and epithelial cells. Therefore, further studies on how immune cells respond to perturbations in the pulmonary microenvironment are warranted. This review explores the processes behind the formation of the immune cell niche during lung development, and the characteristics and cell interaction modes of several major lung‐resident immune cells. It indicates that distinct lung microenvironments or inflammatory niches can mediate the formation of different cell subtypes. These findings summarize and clarify paths to identify new cell subtypes that originate from resident progenitor cells and recruited peripheral cells, which are remodeled by the pulmonary microenvironment. The development of new techniques combining transcriptome analysis and location information is essential for identifying new immune cell subtypes and their relative immune niches, as well as for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of immune cell‐mediated lung homeostasis.
Protein Cage Directed Assembly of Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices
Authors: Zhou Yu , Shaukat Ahmed , Seitsonen Jani , Rigoni Carlo , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInorganic nanoparticles can be assembled into superlattices with unique optical and magnetic properties arising from collective behavior. Protein cages can be utilized to guide this assembly by encapsulating nanoparticles and promoting their assembly into ordered structures. However, creating ordered multi‐component structures with different protein cage types and sizes remains a challenge. Here, the co‐crystallization of two different protein cages (cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and ferritin) characterized by opposing surface charges and unequal diameter is shown. Precise tuning of the electrostatic attraction between the cages enabled the preparation of binary crystals with dimensions up to several tens of micrometers. Additionally, binary metal nanoparticle superlattices are achieved by loading gold and iron oxide nanoparticles inside the cavities of the protein cages. The resulting structure adopts an AB2FCC configuration that also impacts the dipolar coupling between the particles and hence the optical properties of the crystals, providing key insight for the future preparation of plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticle metamaterials.
Hydrogel Electrolyte with Regulated Water Activity and Hydrogen Bond Network for Ultra‐Stable Zinc Electrode
Authors: Tian Hao , Yao Meng , Guo Yi , Wang Ziyang , Xu Dinghao , Pan Wei , Zhang Qianyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuasi‐solid‐state zinc‐ion batteries (QZIBs) have attracted wide attention due to their excellent dimensional stability and high safety. However, poor ion conduction capabilities, severe dendrite growth, and rampant side reactions still hinder their commercialization. The regulation of the solvation structure of Zn2+ is considered to be an effective method to address these issues. Herein, a hydrogel electrolyte with a regulated solvation structure (HE‐RS) is designed via the combination of tetramethyl urea (TMU) additive and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The hydrophilic ─C═O group of TMU exhibits strong affinity with the PVA chains, improving the mechanical strength of the PVA matrix. The ─N(CH3)2 groups at both ends of TMU exhibit strong hydrophobic characteristics, which leads to local hydrophobicity and decreased water activity. Additionally, abundant oxygen‐containing (electronegative) groups on both PVA and TUM can adsorb Zn2+ and provide sites for Zn2+ transference. Benefiting from these merits, Zn2+ solvation structure and deposition behavior are regulated. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with HE‐RS exhibits a stable cycling life exceeding 2000 h. Moreover, the HE‐RS‐based Zn||NH4V4O10 cell exhibits a capacity retention of 96.4% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1.
Surveillance of asbestos related disease among workers enrolled in an exposure registry
Authors: Arrandale Victoria H. , Berriault Colin , Song Chaojie , DeBono Nathan , Demers Paul A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionContemporary asbestos exposure occurs during construction, remediation, and maintenance involving asbestos‐containing materials (ACM), as compared to the historical exposure scenarios of asbestos mining and milling. The Ontario Asbestos Workers Register (AWR) was established in 1986 to track asbestos exposure among construction workers. This study reports on the risk of asbestos‐related diseases (ARD) among workers in the AWR.MethodsAWR registrants were linked probabilistically with administrative health databases (1986–2019) to identify cases of ARD including both cancer and chronic respiratory disease. Follow‐up began at AWR enrollment and continued prospectively. Incidence rates were compared to the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Associations between ACM exposure and ARD were estimated among AWR registrants using Poisson regression.ResultsIn total, 26,204 (81%) registrants were linked successfully. Common industries of employment were construction (62%), manufacturing (19%) and education (8%). Among men and women mesothelioma (M:SIR 6.83 [95% CI = 5.56−8.31]; W:SIR 19.2 [3.86−56.1]) and pulmonary fibrosis (M:SIR 14.1 [12.2−16.2]; W:SIR 9.25 [2.49−23.7]) rates were higher than the general population. Asbestosis risk was elevated among men (M:SIR 11.2 [9.59−13.1]). Workers with longer reported exposures (≥140 h) had increased rates of lung cancer (RR 1.34 [1.10–1.63]), mesothelioma (RR 2.83 [1.75–4.58]), asbestosis (RR 3.07 [2.12–4.43]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR 1.42 [1.29–1.57]), and pulmonary fibrosis (RR 1.88 [1.35–2.62]).ConclusionExposure to asbestos in construction and building maintenance continues to contribute to ARD incidence. Despite a Canadian ban on asbestos in new products, exposures to existing ACM will persist from construction activities. The AWR offers an opportunity for ongoing surveillance of resulting ARD in Ontario.
External validation of dementia prediction models in Black or African American and White older adults: A longitudinal population‐based study in the United States
Authors: Dhana Klodian , Barnes Lisa L. , Beck Todd , Dhana Anisa , Liu Xiaoran , Desai Pankaja , Ng Ted K. S. , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIdentifying people at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia allows for timely intervention, which, if successful, will result in preventing or delaying the onset of the disease.METHODSUtilizing data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP; n = 2130), we externally evaluated four risk‐prediction models for AD dementia, including Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE), Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU‐ADRI), Brief Dementia Screening Indicator (BDSI), and Dementia Risk Score (DRS), in Black or African American and White adults.RESULTSBDSI had the highest discriminate abilities for AD dementia (c‐statistics of 0.79 in Black and 0.77 in White adults), followed by ANU‐ADRI, within the age range and follow‐up period of the original development cohort. CAIDE had the lowest discriminating power (c‐statistic ≤0.55). With increasing follow‐up periods (i.e., 10–15 years), the discrimination abilities for all models declined.DISCUSSIONBecause of racial disparities in AD dementia and longer preclinical and prodromal stages of disease development, race‐specific models are needed to predict AD risk over 10 years.Highlights
Utilizing risk‐prediction models to identify individuals at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia could benefit clinicians, patients, and policymakers. Clinicians could enroll high‐risk individuals in clinical trials to test new risk‐modifiable treatments or initiate lifestyle modifications, which, if successful, would slow cognitive decline and delay the onset of the disease.
Current risk‐prediction models had good discriminative power during the first 6 years of follow‐up but decreased with longer follow‐up time.
Acknowledging the longer preclinical phase of AD dementia development and racial differences in dementia risk, there is a need to develop race‐specific risk‐prediction models that can predict 10 or 20 years of risk for AD and related dementias.