bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shame and Depression: The Roles of Self-reassurance and Social Safeness
Authors: Marta-Simões J. , Ferreira C. , Mendes A.L. 
Published: June 2017

Self-reassurance and social safeness are both positive factors linked with a lighter experience of shame and depression symptoms. Self-reassurance is defined as an adaptive emotion regulation process, and social safeness as an emotion experience related to feelings of being safe around others, accepted by others, and connected to one's social world. Nevertheless, data about how self-reassurance and social safeness and pleasure operate in the association between external shame and depression is still scarce. A path model which hypothesised that self-reassurance and social safeness and pleasure may act as mediators on the association between shame and depressive symptomatology was tested. This study's sample consisted of adult men (n = 54) and women (n = 125), from the Portuguese general population. Results indicated that self-reassurance and social safeness act as mediators in the relationship between shame and depression symptoms. Specifically, a higher report of shame seems to explain higher levels of depressive symptomatology, via lower tendency for self-reassurance and poorer experience of social safeness. The tested model explained 45% of the variance of depressive symptomatology and was revealed to be invariant between men and women. This study's results underline the profound impact of the experience of comfort within secure and warm social relationships, but mostly the importance of self-soothing and self-compassion abilities which associate with greater social functioning. Moreover, in practical terms, these findings reinforce the pertinence of cultivating self-compassion, which has proven to be particularly relevant when intervening with high levels of shame, and in the prevention of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Does Substance Abuse Mediate or Moderate the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and the Experience of Persecutory Delusions in People with Schizophrenia in South Africa?
Authors: Mall S. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPersecutory delusions, a key symptom of schizophrenia, may be associated with the experience of early childhood trauma as well as with cannabis dependence. Little research has, however, addressed these associations in people with schizophrenia on the African continent. We examined if persecutory delusions were significantly associated with childhood trauma in people with schizophrenia from South Africa, and we investigated whether cannabis dependence mediates or moderates this association.MethodsSeven hundred and twenty-eight people with schizophrenia completed several scales including the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) which captures several domains of childhood trauma. Logistic regression and structural equation modelling methods were employed to examine the relationship between persecutory delusions and specific experiences of childhood trauma, and to determine if cannabis dependence is mediating or moderating this relationship.ResultsPreliminary results suggest that of the various childhood traumas, the strongest predictor of the presence of persecutory delusions was emotional abuse [OR: 1.02 (0.94–1.08)]. There was no evidence of mediation by cannabis dependence. However, all experiences of childhood trauma, measured by the CTQ (with the exception of physical neglect) interacted with cannabis dependence to increase the risk of the onset of persecutory delusions (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese results are consistent with previous data in demonstrating that both childhood trauma and cannabis dependence are associated with persecutory delusions in schizophrenia. These findings suggest that it is important to examine the role of early childhood trauma as well as substance use in predicting the onset of psychosis to inform treatment strategies.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Mental Disorders in Patients with Temporomandibular Pain-dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Medvedev V. , Frolova V. , Fofanova Y. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMaxillofacial surgeons and dentists often deal with the phenomenon of temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome–painful condition of maxillofacial area without clear organic pathology. Psychiatric studies of this disorder are almost lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome and to define the psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10).MethodsStudy sample consists of 57 patients (44 women and 13 men) with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome aged older than 18 years, who gave inform consent. The study used clinical psychopathological, psychometric (HADS, HDRS, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hypochondria Whitley Index, Visual Analog Scale for Pain).ResultsPsychiatric disorders were revealed in 48 patients (84.2%) with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome–39 women and 9 men aged 18-65 years (mean age 39.6 ± 15.4 years). Affective disorders was diagnosed in 56.3%, personality disorders in 20.8%, schizotypal personality disorder in 12.5% and schizophrenia in 10.4%. Among affective pathology mild and moderate depressive episodes prevailed (59.3%). The severity of pain (VAS) in patients with affective disorders was higher than in patients with other psychiatric conditions.ConclusionThis study shows high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome and proves the feasibility of a psychiatrist participate in the complex treatment of these patients. The use of psychometric method allows to improve the timeliness of the detection of patients who require further clinical psychopathological examination in order to determine the need of pharmacotherapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Purpose of this Research was Standardizing the Questionnaire of Personality Disorder Cluster A
Authors: Farrokhi N. , Ghahari S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAs more or less stable personality traits of the person, temperament, intellect and body is what makes an individual unique compatibility with the environment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was standardizing the questionnaire of personality disorder cluster A. On the basis of realizing criterion standard, DSM- 5.Method1303 people from universities of Tehran and Alborz provinces (753 females and 550 males) were examined by using the randomized sampling method. The questions of the questionnaire were conformed Dr. ShahramVaziri on the basis of Iran s population and culture. Then the reliability was tested and accomplished simultaneously Millon(MCMI-III) questionnaire.ResultAfter computing the correlation scales of Millon test with each of the questions, 20 questions that showed the highest correlation and diagnosis coefficient were chosen and scored again in next stage.ConclusionsInvestigating the psychometric component of three scales (Paranoid 60%, Schizoid 66%, Schizotypal 59%) shows that they are reliable and defensibly valid. It can be said that questions related to all three measures paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal of acceptable psychometric properties and reliability are desirable.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Shame Feeling in the Parents of Children with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Albani E. , Kotrotsiou E. , Gouva M. , Bargiota A. , Hadjigeorgiou G. , Paralikas T. , Kotrotsiou S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionChronic diseases such as childhood diabetes mellitus constitute a challenge for both the affected children and their families. Childhood diabetes mellitus is characterized by complex therapeutic management and has a profound physical and psychological impact on the whole family and a number of losses for the parents.Aim and objectivesTo recognize and quantify the factors affecting shame feelings for parents of children with diabetes mellitus.MethodA cross-sectional design was performed. A sample of 316 parents (110 men–206 women, mean age 40.6 years, SD = 6.0 ranged 17–57) participated to the present study. The questionnaire included: (a) social-demographic characteristics, (b) The Other As Shamer Scale (OAS), (c) The Experience of Shame Scale (ESS). SPSS for Windows 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsAge and the place of residence of the parents, the duration and the severity of disease were identified as significant multivariate factors on internal and external shame.ConclusionFeeling of shame consist a significant psychological burden of the parents with children suffering from diabetes mellitus. Screening for psychological distress in parents of children is indicated, and preventive interventions are needed, targeted according to the increased needs as suggested in the research results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Empowerment With Psychotic Symptoms Scale (EWPSS): Exploratory Study of the Scale's Psychometric Properties
Authors: Martins M.J. , Carvalho C. , Castilho P. , Pereira A.T. , Gonçalves J. , Guiomar R. , Pinto A.M. , Marques C. , Carreiras D. , Bajouco M. , Macedo A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundEmpowerment has been defined as the ability to act autonomously, the willingness to take risks and being aware of responsibility. The importance of this construct in psychosis has been emphasized by recovery models. An integrant part of the Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders (CIPD), the EWPSS is a visual analog scale in which the participants assess their sense of empowerment regarding symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms and disorganization). EWPSS focuses on personal empowerment (self-worth and self-efficacy) as it could apply to symptoms.AimsTo preliminarily assess the psychometric properties of the EWPSS in a sample of participants with psychosis.MethodsThe sample comprised 22 participants (68.2% male), 72.7% single, 50% employed, between 19 and 47 years old (M = 31.05; SD = 7.088), with 4–17 years of education (M = 11.77; SD = 3.176). The most prevalent diagnosis was schizophrenia (68.2%) and the participants had a mean of 1.90 hospitalizations (SD = 2.548). The participants were assessed with the CIPD (EWPSS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21.ResultsEWPSS has shown acceptable reliability for all dimensions (with alphas ranging between .54 and .78). Empowerment with delusions was associated with the other dimensions, excepting for empowerment with negative symptoms (which in turn was not associated significantly with any dimension). Empowerment regarding hallucinations and with disorganization were only associated with empowerment with delusions, which was also associated with anxiety symptoms (r = –.52, P = .016).ConclusionsThe EWPSS presented adequate reliability and validity. Further studies intended to explore the factorial structure of the EWPSS are under development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dyspareunia After Childbirth: Does Psychosocial Context Play a Role?
Authors: Hajri A. , Zgueb Y. , Abdallah M.W. , Ouali U. , Ben Alaya S. , Chelli D. , Nacef F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDyspareunia is defined as persistent or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during or after intercourse. Dyspareunia after childbirth is quite common and have a range of repercussions to women's lives, including their sexual functioning. It could be affected by different risk factors. While role of obstetric factors including mode of delivery has been largely investigated, the influence of psychosocial factors remains unclear.AimsOur purpose was to determine frequency of postpartum dyspareunia and identify related psychosocial factors.MethodsThirty women between 2 and 6 months postpartum were recruited in consultation of maternity and neonatology center of Tunis. Data were taken from medical file and questionnaire designed to record psychosocial data and postpartum sexual function.ResultsThe mean age of women was 28.74 ± 8.4 years. Dyspareunia was reported by 43.33% of women. Dyspareunia was not associated to professional status. On the other hand, dyspareunia was significantly associated to fatigue (P = 0.024), lack of familial support (P = 0.03), conjugal conflicts (P = 0.01).ConclusionWe have found an association between dyspareunia after childbirth and several psychosocial factors, pointing out the influence of social and psychological aspects in the sexual function in women. Thus, management of sexual disorders should take in consideration psychological dimension and involve an appropriate psychological care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Are Low Body Weight and Psychological Symptoms Associated with Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa?
Authors: Kjærsdam Telléus G. , Jepsen J.R. , Fjelkegaard M. , Christiansen E. , Birgitte F. , Valentin J.B. , Thomsen P.H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDespite an increasing focus on cognitive functions in eating disorders, only limited and contradictory knowledge regarding the relationship between cognitive functions and anorexia nervosa symptomatology currently exist.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate potential associations between cognitive functions and anorexia nervosa symptomatology in children and adolescents.MethodEating disorder symptoms and cognitive functions were examined in this cross-sectional, multi-centre study. Diagnostic scores i.e. BMI, psychological symptoms, and global EDE-16 were stratified on cognitive function. Children and adolescents suffering from severe recent-onset anorexia nervosa (n = 94) and healthy controls (n = 94), between the age 10.6 and 17.9 years (mean age 14.9 years, SD 1.8), participated in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, respectively above and below the median of cognitive functions.ResultsThe study findings revealed that Global EDE score significantly increased with age (P = 0.002, CI 0.08–0.36). Besides this, no significant associations between low body weight or psychological symptoms and cognitive functions were found. However, a large variability in cognitive functions was found on all measure in patients with anorexia nervosa than healthy controls.ConclusionWhile age seems to be significantly correlated to symptom burden the study results indicate that patients with anorexia nervosa is a much more heterogeneous group with regard to cognition than healthy controls. However, cognitive functions and anorexia nervosa symptomatology does not appear to be associated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Childhood Emotional Experiences and Eating Psychopathology: The Mediational Role of Different Emotion Regulation Processes
Authors: Mendes A.L. , Ferreira C. , Marta-Simões J. 
Published: June 2017

Positive experiences from childhood have been consistently associated with well-being and with feelings of social safeness and connectedness. On the other hand, the lack of early experiences characterized by warmth, soothing and care may lead to the later experience of fearing to receive compassion from others, to the engagement in self-judgment, and may be associated with a large spectrum of psychopathology. The present study tested a model which hypothesized that the impact of early positive memories with family figures on the engagement in disordered eating is carried by the mechanisms of social safeness and connectedness with others, fears of receiving compassion from others, and self-judgment. The sample comprised 399 women, aged between 18 and 55 years old. The path model accounted for 33% of eating psychopathology's variance and showed excellent model fit indices. Results revealed that the impact of early affiliative memories with family figures on eating psychopathology was totally mediated by the mechanisms of social safeness, fears of compassion from others, and self-judgment. In fact, women who reported a lack of early memories of warmth and safeness with family figures seemed to present lower feelings of safeness and connectedness within social relationships, higher tendency to fear receiving kindness and compassion from others, and more self-judgmental attitudes. These findings support the importance of developing intervention programs in the community, which target maladaptive emotion regulation processes (such as compassionate-based interventions) to promote mental health, especially in a context of early adverse experiences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and Correlates of Perceived Stress in Young Medical Undergraduates
Authors: Mihăilescu A. , Matei V.P. , Gâză L.M. , Mihailescu C. , Codreanu M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmotional distress–specifically symptoms of anxiety and/or depression–in undergraduate medical student represent a major health issue for university life and for the entire society, as the onset of negative affectivity in young age is lowering quality of life of the affected individual and implicitly, the professional evolution.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of perceived stress in medical undergraduates and relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress.MethodsThe study comprised a randomised population of 356 students from 1st and 2nd year in Faculty of Medicine who signed the informed consent for the research. Mean age in the group was 20.04 ± 0.9 years old. Instruments used in the study were self-rated Zung Anxiety Scale and Zung Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analysed with SPSS 16. Statistical significance was at P < 0.05.ResultsPerceived stress of medium and high intensity was found in 62.5% of the students in the study. There is a significant effect of perceived stress on presence of emotional distress (F(3,352) = 36,431, P < 0.001). In the emotional distressed group, perceived stress in the period before the exams session is predicting emotional distress in the period of exams (academic stress) with OR = 1.145, P = 0.04, IC 95% = 1.006–1.303.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of perceived stress and perceived stress in the period before session of exams is a predictive factor for having emotional distress in session of exams. Therefore, we are signaling the necessity of implementation of stress management programs in medical undergraduates from the pre-clinical years.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk Evaluation in the Emergency Department: An Algorithm for Suicide Prevention
Authors: Duarte T. , Ferreira C. , Santos N. , Sampaio D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide is one of the biggest challenges that psychiatrists face, especially in the emergency room. According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 3000 suicides every day: one every 40 seconds. About half of all violent deaths in the world are suicides with economic costs of billions of euros. The risk assessment is still based on a subjective approach, with no screening or evaluation tools that support the decision about in-hospital or ambulatory treatment for these patients.ObjectivesCreation of a decision tree algorithm that can be used in the emergency room to guide the clinical decision.AimsIncrease the number of avoided suicides.MethodsPubMed database was searched and articles with the words “emergency”, “suicide”, “attempt” “screening” and “prevention” were included. Articles that used the most reliable and valid measurement tools (i.e., Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Probability Scale) for patient evaluation were selected. World Health Organization guidelines and the Portuguese Suicide Prevention Plan were analyzed and an algorithm was designed based on the major risk factors identified.ResultsNo isolated risk factor was successful for preventing suicide: most are chronic and non-individualized. Having family history of suicide, a mental health disease, a suicide plan and previous suicide attempts are considered major risk factors. The algorithm is based on these factors and takes into account interpersonal variability.ConclusionsThe best way to prevent a suicide is to ask patients for major risk factors, and then, by using this algorithm, treat them accordingly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effects of Executive Function Stimulation in the Language Improvement of Children with ASD
Authors: Sun I. , Fernandes F. 
Published: June 2017

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurobiological disorder that involves deficits currently classified into two areas:.– social communication and interaction across multiple contexts;– restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities.Although, these disorders do not have any causal relationship, both are always present. It has increasingly been sought methods aiming at the effectiveness of intervention for this population seeking to include all aspects. A promising research field is the one that considers the interdependence of the language and cognition areas, specifically regarding executive functions. This study was designed to verify the effectiveness of an executive functions stimulation program (EFS) during the regular speech-language therapy sessions and its impact in language development, specifically in the pragmatic aspects, through the evaluation of the functional profile of communication (FPC) in 14 children with ASD. During a 12-week period of regular speech-language therapy, the following areas were focused: working memory, cognitive flexibility, central coherence, inhibitory control and specific language aspects. Data were registered and analyzed statistically. The average performance of children in the stimulation was 85%, ensuring the effectiveness of EFS. The association analysis between pre- and post-EFS performance with FCP a significant improvement was observed in the occupation of the communicative space and the percentage of interactivity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of the study, which believes in strong association between communication aspects and executive functions skills.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.