bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Classification of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions Using Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Vinothini R. Pon Vigna , Bhandari Trilok Prasad Singh , Saksena Ajesh Raj , Swain Meenakshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Vulvar malignancies are very rare. Two pathogenic pathways have been described in the development of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.One is related to HPV infection and the other is related to TP 53 mutation. HPV infection related squamous cell carcinomas have a good prognosis and squamous cell carcinomas related to TP 53 mutation have the worst prognosis. Recently a third pathway which is neither HPV dependent nor p53 mutant has been identified. This pathway is found to have intermediate prognosis with better clinical outcome.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to classify vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions molecularly using two immunohistochemical stains p16 and p53 in a cohort of South Indian population.

Subjects and Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2011 and December 2020 in the department of histopathology at a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, India. A total of 22 cases including all the vulval biopsies with suspected squamous cell carcinoma or precursor lesions and excision specimens operated for squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. Paraffin blocks of representative cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains.

Results:
Out of 22 cases, two cases (9.0%) were precursor lesions of the vulva and 20 cases (90.9%) were invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Eleven (50%) of these cases were p53 mutant (p53+/p16−), 10 (45.4%) of these cases were HPV positive (p16+/p53−), and one of these cases (4.5%) was neither HPV positive nor p53 mutant (p16−/p53−).

Conclusions:
Classification of vulvar squamous cell lesions molecularly using simple immunohistochemical stains in routine diagnostic workup will aid in risk stratification of patients and help in their management and prognostication.
Pattern of kidney diseases admission and outcome in Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria: a 2 year review
Authors: Alhaji Abdu , Murtala Umar , Mahmood Maigari I. , Audi Yakubu K. , Rabiu Tanko , Baba Shamaki R. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Kidney diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders which if left untreated could lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) which inadvertently progress to end-stage kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease is unaffordable, not widely available and require huge financial resources. Knowledge of the prevailing type of kidney disease will help to develop measures of prevention of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the burden and pattern of kidney disease and to determine its outcome over a 2 year period.

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective study of kidney diseases admission and outcome at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa university teaching hospital over a 2 year period. All case files of patients admitted were retrieved and those with diagnosis of kidney disease were evaluated.

Results
One thousand and nineteen patients were admitted during the period, 98 of which had kidney disease diagnosis, with 10.4% disease burden. The mean age of the patients was 48.71 ± 12.2 years. CKD accounted for 51% of the total admission, followed by urinary tract infection, acute Kidney injury, Nephrotic syndrome, and Nephritic syndrome each accounting for 19.3, 15.4, 9.2, and 5.1%, respectively. Overall six (10.5%) patients died on admission.

Conclusion
The burden of kidney disease is high in our study and is mainly due to high prevalence of CKD that affects younger age group.
Depression and associated factors in chronic kidney disease patients in southern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Osunbor Osariemen A. , Unuigbe Evelyn , Adejumo Oluseyi A. , Okaka Enajite I. 
Published: October 2024

Background
The most common psychological problem encountered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is depression. However, it is often undiagnosed and undertreated in this group of patients. The prevalence of depression in pre-dialysis CKD patients and its associated factors were determined in this study

Patients and methods
This was a cross-sectional study that determined the prevalence of depression in pre-dialysis CKD patients using the Hamilton-Depression rating scale. Associated factors with depression were determined by logistic regression. P value less than 0.05 was taken as a significant

Results
A total of 250 CKD patients with a mean age of 52.3 ± 16.0 years were studied. They comprised of 116 (46.4%) males. Fifty-six (22.4%) of the study participants had depressive symptoms. Depression was significantly more common in those who were unmarried (38.3% vs. 18.7%; P= 0.002) and those whose duration of CKD was less than 6 months (26.6% vs. 15.2%; P= 0.026). Depression was significantly associated CKD stage (P=0.002). The significant factors associated with depression in the CKD patients were being unmarried (adjusted odds ratio: 2.54; confidence interval: 1.19–5.42; P= 0.02) and CKD stage (adjusted odds ratio:3.81; confidence interval: 1.50–9.83; P=0.01).

Conclusion
Depression is common in the pre-dialysis CKD population and its screening should be included in the evaluation and management of all pre-dialysis CKD patients.
Evaluation of effect of low-level laser therapy on alleviation of pain in patients with implant-supported mandibular overdenture: A pilot study
Authors: Makker Raveena , Srivastava Rajeev , Khandelwal Sourabh , Reddy Prashanthi 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
Rehabilitation of edentulous jaws with implant-supported overdenture has achieved a comprehensive acclamation across the globe due to compromised retention and stability in conventional complete dentures. In dentistry, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become a viable treatment option for lowering inflammation, easing pain, and speeding up wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LLLT on alleviation of pain in patients with two implant-supported mandibular overdentures.

Study Setting and Design:
This study was carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics at Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Completely edentulous patients willing for implant-supported mandibular overdenture and who gave consent, were enrolled.

Materials and Methods:
A total of ten implants were placed in five patients with completely edentulous mandibular arch willing for implant-supported mandibular overdenture. Individuals from the outpatient division of Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & Bridge, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore were chosen as patients. Bilateral implants were inserted into the mandible at locations B and D. On the experimental side, low-level laser therapy (wavelength 810 nm) was administered immediately following implant insertion and on the third day. Over the course of 72 hours, pain after surgery was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) values, beginning at baseline.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of the intergroup pain alleviation scores.

Results:
The results showed that on intergroup comparison, the experimental side exhibited significantly reduced VAS pain scores relative to the control side (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
LLLT can be used as a promising adjuvant therapy to lower the degree and duration of pain after undergoing dental implant surgery.
Bond strength of polymer clay with room temperature vulcanizing maxillofacial silicone – An in vitro study
Authors: Palaskar Jayant N. , Hindocha Amit Dhansukhlal , Nalawade Tejas V. , Khurana Shrishti R. , Patankar Anupama , Shah Naisargi 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
To assess and analyze the bond strength of polymeric organic clay and heat polymerized PMMA with RTV maxillofacial silicone with and without an adhesive primer.

Settings and Design:
The use of polymeric clay as a substructure for implant retained maxillofacial silicone prosthesis is suggested. However, the bond strength of polymeric clay with room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) maxillofacial silicone and heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) with RTV maxillofacial silicone has yet to be studied.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty two samples were prepared in total. Group 1 (n = 13) silicone and PMMA without primer. Group 2 (n = 13) silicone and PMMA with primer. Group 3 (n = 13) silicone and polymer clay without primer. Group 4 (n = 13) silicone and polymer clay with primer. The samples were of dimensions of 75 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm. For groups 1 and 2, samples were fabricated with PMMA over which RTV silicone was manipulated, packed and vulcanized for 24 h. For Groups 3 and 4, polymer clay was molded to the required dimensions and hardened. RTV maxillofacial silicone was manipulated and packed over it and vulcanized. For Group 2 and 4 samples, primer was applied to the uncovered part of PMMA and polymeric clay respectively. The samples were subjected to a 180° and 90° (t peel test) peel strength test, respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One way analysis of variance was used to analyze bond strength, which was then followed by a post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:
The mean bond strength of silicone and PMMA without primer was 0.35 ± 0.07 mN/m, while silicone and PMMA with primer had a mean bond strength of 0.41 ± 0.04 mN/m. The mean bond strength of silicone and polymer clay without primer and silicone and polymer clay with primer was found to be 0.45 ± 0.13 mN/m and 0.30 ± 0.05 mN/m, respectively. An 80% research power and a 95% confidence interval were used in the statistical analysis. A significance threshold of P < 0.05 was applied.

Conclusion:
The silicone to heat polymerized PMMA primer bond strength is the same as the silicone to polymer clay primer bond strength. Bond strength of polymer clay and maxillofacial silicone without primer is better than with primer. Therefore, without primer application, polymer clay substitutes PMMA as an interface between maxillofacial silicone material and attachments/keepers.
Gingival acquired lymphangiectasia as a long-term effect of post-oncology intervention: A 20-year institutional audit
Authors: Ramani Pratibha , Ramasubramanian Abilasha , Kizhakkoottu Suvarna , Benitha Georgia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Gingiva is a keratinised mucosa akin to the skin and is exposed in all modalities of treatment of oral cancer. Acquired lymphangiectasia are acquired dilatations of lymphatic channels secondary to an external cause. They are extremely rare in the oral cavity despite that oral cancers are treated with different treatment modalities.

Methods:
The archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department of our institute were retrospectively reviewed from 2001 to 2021. Of the 9566 cases of oral biopsies, 4596 were confirmed cases of oral cancer including salivary gland carcinoma. These cases were followed up for the presence of post-neoplastic and post-therapeutic gingival lesions.

Results:
Of the 4596 patients, <10% patients reported recurrence or new primary of squamous cell carcinoma in the gingiva. Two patients were histopathologically diagnosed with acquired lymphangiectasia of gingiva after 12 years following surgery and radiation therapy as treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which has been described in our report for the first time in the literature.

Conclusion:
Even though acquired lymphangiectasia of gingiva is very rare, lymphatic malformations should be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of post-therapeutic gingival proliferative pathologies in order to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent over-diagnosis of this benign condition.
The potential calcium content of anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) on mandibular bone growth through osteoprotegerin expression analysis
Authors: Sugiharto Sumintarti , Salmah Shelly , Fauziah Eva , Ramadany Sri , Wajdiyah Ummi , Achmad Harun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) is a commonly used food ingredient due to its high calcium content, which supports craniofacial growth. Calcium stimulates the formation of osteoblasts, which produce osteoprotegerin (OPG). OPG binds to RANKL, blocking RANKL–RANK bonding and limiting osteoclast development.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze OPG expression in mandibular bones to assess the potential calcium content of anchovies.

Methods:
Three groups of 27 male Wistar rats were created: control, anchovy, and milk. After 40 days, the rats were decapitated, and their mandibular bones were surgically extracted, decalcified, and prepared for microscopic examination. The results showed a significant difference in OPG expression of rat mandibles between control, anchovy, and milk groups (P < 0.05), as determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s HSD test revealed a significant difference in the average quantity of rat mandibular OPG expression between the control group and each of the anchovy and milk groups, with probability values of 0.00 and 0.003 (P < 0.05), respectively. However, the average level of OPG expression in anchovy and milk groups did not differ significantly, as indicated by the probability value of 0.064 (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The mandibular development increases after feeding anchovies compared to the control group. Anchovy is not statistically superior to milk in terms of increasing mandibular development. However, as a high-calcium food, anchovy is well-suited to support children’s craniofacial development and growth.
Merkel cell: Friend or felon
Authors: Tandon Ankita , Singh Narendra N. , Gulati Nikita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Merkel cells are perceived as tactile receptors within skin and oral mucosa containing abundant intermediate filaments but lacking characteristic condensation of tonofilaments, hence are also referred to as non-keratinocytes. Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) are primary aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasms occurring in elderly individuals. Toker in 1972 reported MCC of skin pointing towards sweat glands as the source of origin which was later rectified by Tang with the aid of ultrastructural studies as Merkel cells to be a lineage of such tumours. Normally, Merkel cells are abundant in the gingiva and vermillion border of the lip and thus these are the common sites for this neoplasm. Histopathologically, MCC mimics varied other carcinomas, hence requiring a thorough diagnostic protocol. We present a case of challenging histopathology which on immunohistochemical analysis with a unique cytokeratin profile and neurofilament staining pattern helped in reaching a definitive diagnosis.
Comparing the release of growth factors when partially demineralized tooth matrix is mixed with platelet rich fibrin and injectable platelet rich fibrin: An in-vitro observational study
Authors: Gowda B H Harshitha , Krishna Ravishankar , Srinivasan Srikari , Astekar Madhusudan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context:
Platelet concentrates are rich in growth factors that assist in regenerative medicine to promote healing and tissue regeneration. Similarly, partially demineralized tooth is a storehouse of many growth factors, assisting in bone regeneration. Hence, the present study aimed to quantify the release of growth factors from different platelet concentrates individually and when mixed with a partially demineralized tooth matrix.

Method:
Human growth factors such as bFGF, EGF, PDGF-AB, TGF-beta-1, and VEGF-A present in platelet-rich fibrin and injectable platelet-rich fibrin from young and old male and female donors were quantified separately. Then these platelet concentrates were then mixed with a partially demineralized tooth matrix, which was powdered using a Smart Dentin Grinder. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the quantification of growth factors.

Results:
The release of growth factors, such as platelet-rich fibrin and injectable platelet-rich fibrin, was not statistically significant; however, it was significantly greater when i-PRF was mixed with a partially demineralized tooth matrix.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that the expression of growth factors was significantly greater when a partially demineralized tooth matrix was mixed with injectable platelet-rich fibrin than when combined with platelet-rich fibrin.
From teeth to ethnicity: A neural network approach to predicting population of origin through dental traits and anomalies
Authors: Kataria Suraj , Shinkre Rohan , Jain Sonal , Saraswathy Kallur Nava , Sachdeva Mohinder Pal , Kumar KP Mohan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental traits and anomalies in five North Indian populations (Khas Bodhi, Jaat, Khatri, Garhwali, and Gujjar) and predict the population of origin based on these traits and anomalies for forensic applications.

Methods:
We assessed dental traits and anomalies in 454 individuals through intraoral examination. Neural network analysis was employed to predict the population of origin based on a combination of dental traits and anomalies.

Results:
Shovel-shaped incisors exhibited the highest prevalence among the studied traits and anomalies, occurring in 65.4% of the sample. Moreover, shovel-shaped incisors were found to be the most important predictor of population. Neural network analysis indicated that the most accurate population prediction among the studied populations was for the Garhwali origin, achieving a recall rate of 78.3%. While this may appear relatively low, it is crucial to emphasise that the proposed method serves as a corroborative tool for various forensic investigations.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that dental traits and anomalies can be valuable in predicting the population of origin within Indian populations for forensic purposes. The work enhances the forensic identification process by providing an additional layer of evidence for consideration in identifying both individuals and their ethnic backgrounds. Further research is necessary to enhance the robustness of prediction models.
Comparative histologic evaluation of teeth decalcified by conventional method versus microwave induced decalcification
Authors: Kerketta Rashmi , Shah Sonalee , Grihtlahare Himanta , Wasti Amit , Patel Swatantrata 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Complete demineralization of hard tissues with preservation of organic components to retain their tissue architecture and to obtain thin section for histological examination is done by a process known as “decalcification”. Tooth decalcification may be achieved by subjecting the tissue to a decalcifying chemical agent and employing heat, vacuum, or electric current to enhance the procedure. Completion of decalcification is adjudged by determination of end-point. Histological examination of hard tooth tissues and pulp is essential for diagnosis of developmental pathologies, pulp pathologies, and forensic odontology analysis as well as for research purpose.

Aim:
In our study, we studied the time consumed for decalcification procedure by conventional decalcification method and with the microwave-assisted decalcification method for teeth, using 5% nitric acid, 5% trichloracetic acid, and 14% EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), respectively, along with morphological preservation of dentin and pulp tissue by analyzing preservation of their issue structure (pulp shrinkage, odontoblastic layer damage) and staining efficacy (patchy staining) for the three types of decalcifying agents used.

Materials and Method:
The sample for this study included 120 freshly extracted teeth consisting of teeth of mandibular dentition. Samples were divided into two study groups:
Group I: Decalcified by Conventional method
Group II: Decalcified by Microwave method.
Each group consisted of, three sub-groups employing a different decalcifying agent from among the three decalcifying agents used, that is, 5% nitric acids, 5% trichloroacetic acid, and 14%EDTA respectively.

Result:
The difference in speed of decalcification for both groups showed significant result. In either group, decalcification was fastest using 5% nitric acid. The difference in number of decalcified teeth sections showing shrinkage of pulp was not statistically significant for both groups. Damaged odontoblastic layer was evident only in the teeth treated with 5% nitric acid by microwave method. Patchy staining was observed in a few samples of all sample groups except those decalcified with EDTA by conventional method but the results were not statistically different on intercomparison.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Our results are similar to those of previous studies and we found that microwave method is an option that can reduce the time of decalcification. Tooth tissue morphology also was noted to be well preserved with 5% trichloracetic acid and 14% EDTA in comparison to 5% Nitric acid.
Effect of weekly practice of Laghu Shankhaprakshalana Kriya (yogic bowel cleansing) on appetite in healthy adults: An exploratory study
Authors: Negi Jaydeep , Bhardwaj Abhishek Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Shankhaprakshalana (SP) kriya is one of the shatkarma (hatha yogic cleansing practices) used to cleanse the entire gastrointestinal tract with water. This technique involves the consumption of lukewarm saline water in conjunction with dynamic yoga asanas followed by a phase of deep relaxation. Past studies have reported the benefits of SP in managing digestive issues such as constipation, migraine-associated abdominal discomfort, and irritable bowel syndrome. However, there is a notable lack of literature investigating the impact of yoga-based cleansing practices on appetite status.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Laghu Shankhaprakshalana (LSP) kriya on the appetite status of healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-five healthy male participants naïve to yoga with a mean age of 26.92 ± 5.35 years were recruited and randomly divided into an LSP group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 33). The LSP group engaged in LSP practice once a week for 8 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Appetite status was assessed using the Council of Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire before and after completing eight sessions of LSP. The data were analyzed using the mixed model analysis of variance followed by post hoc Bonferroni correction for a total of 60 participants (five participants withdrew from the study).

Results:
Following eight sessions of LSP practice, a significant increase in appetite levels was observed (p < 0.001). No significant change was found in the control group.

Conclusion:
This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that LSP practice tends to enhance appetite levels in apparently healthy individuals. Further research is needed with a larger sample and physiological assessment of appetite.