bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gestão da performance nas culturas juvenis
Authors: Pegado Elsa 
Published: March 2017

Este artigo procura contribuir para uma reflexão sobre o lugar que a gestão da performance ocupa nas culturas juvenis, focando em particular as percepções dos jovens sobre os consumos de performance, entendidos como o consumo de medicamentos e/ou produtos terapêuticos com finalidades de gestão do desempenho neuro/cognitivo e/ou físico/corporal. A análise tem como base material empírico resultante da componente extensiva de um projecto de pesquisa sobre consumos de performance na população jovem (18-29 anos) em Portugal, designadamente um inquérito por questionário a uma amostra (n =1483) que abrangeu estudantes do Ensino Superior e trabalhadores sem formação superior. Os resultados revelam uma relativa permeabilidade nas culturas juvenis à ideia de gestão da performance, embora essa permeabilidade não seja homogénea e assuma modulações, quer em função de diferentes critérios de legitimação dos consumos, quer em termos da diversidade social e dos contextos culturais em que os jovens se situam.
Sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosol at a regional background site in the Netherlands: insights from a year-long radiocarbon study
Authors: Dusek Ulrike , Hitzenberger Regina , Kasper-Giebl Anne , Kistler Magdalena , Meijer Harro A. J. , Szidat Sönke , Wacker Lukas , Holzinger Rupert , Röckmann Thomas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We measured the radioactive carbon isotope 14C (radiocarbon) in various fractions of the carbonaceous aerosol sampled between February 2011 and March 2012 at the Cesar Observatory in the Netherlands. Based on the radiocarbon content in total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), and elemental carbon (EC), we estimated the contribution of major sources to the carbonaceous aerosol. The main source categories were fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and other contemporary carbon, which is mainly biogenic secondary organic aerosol material (SOA). A clear seasonal variation is seen in EC from biomass burning (ECbb), with lowest values in summer and highest values in winter, but ECbb is a minor fraction of EC in all seasons. WIOC from contemporary sources is highly correlated with ECbb, indicating that biomass burning is a dominant source of contemporary WIOC. This suggests that most biogenic SOA is water soluble and that water-insoluble carbon stems mainly from primary sources. Seasonal variations in other carbon fractions are less clear and hardly distinguishable from variations related to air mass history. Air masses originating from the ocean sector presumably contain little carbonaceous aerosol from outside the Netherlands, and during these conditions measured carbon concentrations reflect regional sources. In these situations absolute TC concentrations are usually rather low, around 1.5 µg m−3, and ECbb is always very low ( ∼  0.05 µg m−3), even in winter, indicating that biomass burning is not a strong source of carbonaceous aerosol in the Netherlands. In continental air masses, which usually arrive from the east or south and have spent several days over land, TC concentrations are on average by a factor of 3.5 higher. ECbb increases more strongly than TC to 0.2 µg m−3. Fossil EC and fossil WIOC, which are indicative of primary emissions, show a more moderate increase by a factor of 2.5 on average. An interesting case is fossil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC, calculated as OC-WIOC), which can be regarded as a proxy for SOA from fossil precursors. Fossil WSOC has low concentrations when regional sources are sampled and increases by more than a factor of 5 in continental air masses. A longer residence time of air masses over land seems to result in increased SOA concentrations from fossil origin.
Iluminação e Espacialidade em Adolphe Appia
Authors: Júnior José de Oliveira 
Published: March 2017

RESUMOO presente trabalho intitulado: Iluminação e Espacialidade em Adolphe Appia se propõe fazer uma abordagem histórica e bibliográfica sobre as contribuições do referido teórico para a transformação do espaço cênico teatral a partir de uma reformulação cenográfica que tem como elementos formadores a iluminação e a espacialidade cênica. Contribuições estas inspiradas na encenação do drama Wagneriano e na Ginástica Rítmica. A pesquisa faz uma breve exposição histórica sobre as práticas teóricas de Richard Wagner e Jaques-Dalcroze, visto serem estas duas personagens de suma importância para o trabalho teórico desenvolvido por Appia. Feitas a correlações pertinentes entre os teóricos abordados, dedicou-se às proposituras teóricas de Adolphe Appia acerca da reformulação do espaço cenográfico teatral, expondo os elementos constituintes de sua proposta a partir da análise de sua obra: A Obra de Arte Viva; trazida à cena teatral no início do século XX.Palavras-Chave: Appia, Iluminação, Espacialidade, Ginástica Rítmica, Obra de Arte Total. ABSTRACTThe following work is entitled: Lighting and spatiality in Adolphe Appia. It aims to make a historical and bibliographical approach about the contributions of his work to the transformation of theatrical scenic scene. For that reason, the analyses here were done from a scenic makeover that has as forming elements the lighting and spatiality scenic. These contributions were inspired by Wagnerian`s drama staging and Rhythmic Gymnastics. However, this research is a brief historical exhibition on the life and theoretical practices of Richard Wagner and JaquesDalcroze, once these two characters are crucial to the theoretical work of Appia. Therefore, after discussing the relevant correlations between the authors approaches I discuss the theoretical suggestions of Adolphe Appia about reshaping theatrical scenic space, exposing the elements of its proposal by analyzing his work: The Work of Living Art; brought to the theater scene in the early twentieth century.Keywords: Appia, Lighting, Spaciality, Rhythmic Gymnastics, Total Art Work.
Comparison of Amikacin Pharmacokinetics in Neonates Following Implementation of a New Dosage Protocol
Authors: Hughes Kaitlin M. , Johnson Peter N. , Anderson Michael P. , Sekar Kris C. , Welliver Robert C. , Miller Jamie L. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to compare attainment of goal serum amikacin concentrations using two dosage regimens in patients admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Secondary objectives included comparison of percentages of supratherapeutic trough concentrations, and subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic peak concentrations.
METHODS This was an Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective study of neonates receiving amikacin during January–December 2013 (group 1) and January–December 2014 (group 2). Group 1 received amikacin dosage consistent with published recommendations, whereas group 2 was dosed using a modified protocol that was based on postmenstrual and postnatal age. Goal serum amikacin peak concentration was defined as 20 to 35 mg/L; hence, subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic peak concentrations were defined as &lt;20 mg/L and &gt;35 mg/L, respectively. Supratherapeutic trough concentrations were &gt;8 mg/L. Between-group analysis was performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Student t-test or χ2, or Fisher exact analysis as appropriate with a p value &lt;0.05.
RESULTS A total of 278 neonates were included (group 1: n = 144; group 2: n = 134). Most patients were male (60%) and were admitted for prematurity or respiratory distress (77%). The median gestational age in group 1 was 34.4 weeks (range, 30.0–37.9 weeks) versus group 2 at 36.9 weeks (range, 31.4–38.9 weeks), whereas the postnatal age was similar between both groups at 4 days. There was a significant increase in attaining goal peak amikacin concentrations between groups 1 and 2, 34% versus 84%, p &lt; 0.001, and decrease in supratherapeutic peak concentrations, 65% versus 12%, p &lt; 0.001. There was no significant difference in subtherapeutic peak or supratherapeutic trough concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS A modified neonatal amikacin dosage protocol resulted in increased peak amikacin serum concentration compared with published dosage recommendations. Future research should focus on determination of the optimal dosage regimen in neonates.
Vancomycin AUC/MIC and Corresponding Troughs in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Kishk Omayma A. , Lardieri Allison B. , Heil Emily L. , Morgan Jill A. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES Adult guidelines suggest an area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) &gt; 400 corresponds to a vancomycin trough serum concentration of 15 to 20 mg/L for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, but obtaining these troughs in children are difficult. The primary objective of this study was to assess the likelihood that 15 mg/kg of vancomycin every 6 hours in a child achieves an AUC/MIC &gt; 400.
METHODS This retrospective chart review included pediatric patients &gt;2 months to &lt;18 years with a positive S aureus blood culture and documented MIC who received at least two doses of vancomycin with corresponding trough. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 initially receiving ≥15 mg/kg every 6 hours, and group 2 initially receiving any other dosing ranges or intervals. AUCs were calculated four times using three pharmacokinetic methods.
RESULTS A total of 36 patients with 99 vancomycin trough serum concentrations were assessed. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. For troughs in group 1 (n = 55), the probability of achieving an AUC/MIC &gt; 400 ranged from 16.4% to 90.9% with a median trough concentration of 11.4 mg/L, while in group 2 (n = 44) the probability of achieving AUC/MIC &gt; 400 ranged from 15.9% to 54.5% with mean trough concentration of 9.2 mg/L. The AUC/MICs were not similar between the different pharmacokinetic methods used; however, a trapezoidal equation (Method A) yielded the highest correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.59). When dosing every 6 hours, an AUC/MIC of 400 correlated to a trough serum concentration of 11 mg/L.
CONCLUSIONS The probability of achieving an AUC/MIC &gt; 400 using only a trough serum concentration and an MIC with patients receiving 15 mg/kg every 6 hours is variable based on the method used to calculate the AUC. An AUC/MIC of 400 in children correlated to a trough concentration of 11 mg/L using a trapezoidal Method to calculate AUC.
A Comprehensive List of Items to be Included on a Pediatric Drug Monograph
Authors: Kelly Lauren E. , Ito Shinya , Woods David , Nunn Anthony J. , Taketomo Carol , de Hoog Matthijs , Offringa Martin 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES Children require special considerations for drug prescribing. Drug information summarized in a formulary containing drug monographs is essential for safe and effective prescribing. Currently, little is known about the information needs of those who prescribe and administer medicines to children. Our primary objective was to identify a list of important and relevant items to be included in a pediatric drug monograph.METHODS Following the establishment of an expert steering committee and an environmental scan of adult and pediatric formulary monograph items, 46 participants from 25 countries were invited to complete a 2-round Delphi survey. Questions regarding source of prescribing information and importance of items were recorded. An international consensus meeting to vote on and finalize the items list with the steering committee followed.RESULTS Pediatric formularies are most commonly the first resource consulted for information on medication used in children by 31 Delphi participants. After the Delphi rounds, 116 items were identified to be included in a comprehensive pediatric drug monograph, including general information, adverse drug reactions, dosages, precautions, drug-drug interactions, formulation, and drug properties.CONCLUSIONS Health care providers identified 116 monograph items as important for prescribing medicines for children by an international consensus-based process. This information will assist in setting standards for the creation of new pediatric drug monographs for international application and for those involved in pediatric formulary development.
Impact of hypoxia on gene expression patterns by the human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, and bacterial community composition in a North Carolina estuary
Authors: Phippen Britney L. , Oliver James D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEstuarine environments are continuously being shaped by both natural and anthropogenic sources which directly/indirectly influence the organisms that inhabit these important niches on both individual and community levels. Human infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species are continuing to rise, and factors associated with global climate change have been suggested to be impacting their abundance and geographical range. Along with temperature, hypoxia has also increased dramatically in the last 40 years, which has led to persistent dead zones worldwide in areas where these infections are increasing. Thus, utilizing membrane diffusion chambers, we investigated the impact of in situ hypoxia on the gene expression of one such bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus, which is an inhabitant of these vulnerable areas worldwide. By coupling these data with multiple abiotic factors, we were able to demonstrate that genes involved in numerous functions, including those involved in virulence, environmental persistence, and stressosome production, were negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Furthermore, comparing 16S ribosomal RNA, we found similar overall community compositions during both hypoxia and normoxia. However, unweighted beta diversity analyses revealed that although certain classes of bacteria dominate in both low‐ and high‐oxygen environments, there is the potential for quantitative shifts in lower abundant species, which may be important for effective risk assessment in areas that are becoming increasingly more hypoxic. This study emphasizes the importance of investigating hypoxia as a trigger for gene expression changes by marine Vibrio species and highlights the need for more in depth community analyses during estuarine hypoxia.
Erosion of Northern Hemisphere blanket peatlands under 21st‐century climate change
Authors: Li Pengfei , Holden Joseph , Irvine Brian , Mu Xingmin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeatlands are important terrestrial carbon stores particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Many peatlands, such as those in the British Isles, Sweden, and Canada, have undergone increased erosion, resulting in degraded water quality and depleted soil carbon stocks. It is unclear how climate change may impact future peat erosion. Here we use a physically based erosion model (Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment‐PEAT), driven by seven different global climate models (GCMs), to predict fluvial blanket peat erosion in the Northern Hemisphere under 21st‐century climate change. After an initial decline, total hemispheric blanket peat erosion rates are found to increase during 2070–2099 (2080s) compared with the baseline period (1961–1990) for most of the GCMs. Regional erosion variability is high with changes to baseline ranging between −1.27 and +21.63 t ha−1 yr−1 in the 2080s. These responses are driven by effects of temperature (generally more dominant) and precipitation change on weathering processes. Low‐latitude and warm blanket peatlands are at most risk to fluvial erosion under 21st‐century climate change.
Enabling large‐scale viscoelastic calculations via neural network acceleration
Authors: DeVries Phoebe M. R. , Thompson T. Ben , Meade Brendan J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the most significant challenges involved in efforts to understand the effects of repeated earthquake cycle activity is the computational costs of large‐scale viscoelastic earthquake cycle models. Computationally intensive viscoelastic codes must be evaluated at thousands of times and locations, and as a result, studies tend to adopt a few fixed rheological structures and model geometries and examine the predicted time‐dependent deformation over short (<10 years) time periods at a given depth after a large earthquake. Training a deep neural network to learn a computationally efficient representation of viscoelastic solutions, at any time, location, and for a large range of rheological structures, allows these calculations to be done quickly and reliably, with high spatial and temporal resolutions. We demonstrate that this machine learning approach accelerates viscoelastic calculations by more than 50,000%. This magnitude of acceleration will enable the modeling of geometrically complex faults over thousands of earthquake cycles across wider ranges of model parameters and at larger spatial and temporal scales than have been previously possible.
Genetics of Personality Disorders
Authors: South Susan C , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEvidence from family, adoption and twin studies indicates that genetic factors significantly influence liability to personality disorders (PDs) and contribute to the comorbidity among PDs and between PDs and other psychiatric disorders. Molecular genetic studies aimed at identifying specific genes have been applied, to a limited extent, to personality. Significant associations have, however, been found with candidate genes related to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the dopaminergic or serotonergic systems. Both quantitative and molecular genetic studies indicate that gene–environment correlation and interaction play a role in the aetiology of PDs. Methods like genome‐wide association studies, analyses of copy‐number variation, studies of rare genetic variants and epigenetic methods are only recently being applied to PDs, but will hopefully contribute to our future understanding of the causal mechanisms involved.Key ConceptsPersonality disorders are categorical concepts in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but an emerging model conceptualises personality pathology along 5 domains that subsume 25 lower order facets.Personality disorders are significantly influenced by genetic factors.Comorbidity between personality disorders and between personality disorders and other mental disorders are significantly influenced by shared genetic liability.Candidate gene association studies indicate significant relationships between personality disorders and genes related to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the dopaminergic or serotonergic systems.Both quantitative and molecular genetic studies suggest that gene–environment interplay is involved in the aetiology of personality disorders.
Childhood Adversity and the Continued Exposure to Trauma and Violence Among Adolescent Gang Members
Authors: Quinn Katherine , Pacella Maria L. , Dickson‐Gomez Julia , Nydegger Liesl A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study investigates interfaith groups from across the United States to understand how these religious settings may serve as mediating structures to facilitate individual political action. Based on a multilevel modeling analysis with 169 individuals from 25 interfaith groups, we found that core activities of the group, such as group members sharing community information (e.g., announcing upcoming events, political meetings, community issues) or sharing religious information (e.g., educating members about their religion) positively and negatively predicted individual political action as a result of group participation, respectively. Moreover, a sense that the interfaith group served as a community to work for local change, but not trust within the group, predicted political action as a result of group participation. However, this effect for a sense the group served as a community to work for local change was stronger and more positive as the degree of community information sharing in the group increased. These results show that a core activity of sharing community information may enhance the ability of a group to mediate political action. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential role of interfaith groups to mediate political action, and show the importance of considering both individual and group characteristics when understanding these religious settings. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Universal Super‐Resolution Multiplexing by DNA Exchange
Authors: Schueder Florian , Strauss Maximilian T. , Hoerl David , Schnitzbauer Joerg , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Strauss Sebastian , Yin Peng , Harz Hartmann , Leonhardt Heinrich , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSuper‐resolution microscopy allows optical imaging below the classical diffraction limit of light with currently up to 20× higher spatial resolution. However, the detection of multiple targets (multiplexing) is still hard to implement and time‐consuming to conduct. Here, we report a straightforward sequential multiplexing approach based on the fast exchange of DNA probes which enables efficient and rapid multiplexed target detection with common super‐resolution techniques such as (d)STORM, STED, and SIM. We assay our approach using DNA origami nanostructures to quantitatively assess labeling, imaging, and washing efficiency. We furthermore demonstrate the applicability of our approach by imaging multiple protein targets in fixed cells.
A Green Route to Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Interlayers for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Subbiah Jegadesan , Mitchell Valerie D. , Hui Nicholas K. C. , Jones David J. , Wong Wallace W. H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSynthesis of fluorene‐based conjugated polyelectrolytes was achieved via Suzuki polycondensation in water and completely open to air. The polyelectrolytes were conveniently purified by dialysis and analysis of the materials showed properties expected for fluorene‐based conjugated polyelectrolytes. The materials were then employed in solar cell devices as an interlayer in conjunction with ZnO. The double interlayer led to enhanced power conversion efficiency of 10.75 % and 15.1 % for polymer and perovskite solar cells, respectively.
Transition‐Metal‐Free C3 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides
Authors: Chen Ji , Wu Jimmy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report an unprecedented transition metal‐free coupling of indoles with aryl halides. The reaction is promoted by KOtBu and is regioselective for C3 over N. The use of degassed solvents devoid of oxygen is necessary for the success of the transformation. Preliminary studies implicate a hybrid mechanism that involves both aryne intermediates and non‐propagative radical processes. Electron transfer is also a distinct possibility. These conclusions were substantiated by EPR data, isotopic labeling studies, and the use of radical scavengers and electron transfer inhibitors.