bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EAONO/JOS, STAMCO, ChOLE & Potsic Staging of 271 Pediatric Cholesteatoma: Evidence‐Based Mod‐Pot Staging System
Authors: Marchand Gauthier , Chatelet Florian , Atallah Sarah , Célérier Charlotte , Leboulanger Nicolas , Couloigner Vincent , Loundon Natalie , Garabédian Erea‐Noël , Denoyelle Françoise , Simon François 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe objective was to assess Potsic, EAONO/JOS, STAMCO, and ChOLE cholesteatoma staging systems in a large homogenous pediatric cohort with long‐term follow‐up and propose an evidence‐based improved version.Study designCohort study.SettingRetrospective study in a tertiary referral center.MethodsChildren with congenital or acquired cholesteatoma who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2015 and had a minimum of five years follow‐up were included. ROC areas under curve (AUCs) were performed for the residual disease proportion, total number of surgeries, hearing, and C‐index for recurrence proportion at the last follow‐up.ResultsData from 271 ears with cholesteatoma were collected. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.9 years and 77 (28%) were congenital. Almost all patients (99%) had a canal wall up approach. The mean follow‐up was 97.8 months. The Potsic classification, initially designed for congenital cholesteatoma, had the highest AUCs for residual disease rate and for number of surgeries outcomes (respectively 0.73 [0.67–0.78] and 0.71 [0.66–0.77]). For recurrence rate, all the classifications' C‐index were low (<0.7). For postoperative hearing, STAMCO ossicular subscore had the highest AUC (0.73 [0.67–0.79]). The Mod‐Pot staging system (modified Potsic), including stapes superstructure status and anterior epitympanum or supratubal involvement, improved the Potsic performance especially for postoperative hearing with AUC 0.73 [0.67–0.80], p < 0.001.ConclusionThe Potsic, ChOLE, EAONO/JOS, and STAMCO cholesteatoma classifications may be used in children, but in this specific population, their contribution remains limited to predict outcome. The Mod‐Pot classification improved the performance of pediatric cholesteatoma classification while remaining simple and intuitive.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:908–919, 2025
Outcomes after Functional Nasal Surgery in Patients with Versus without Rhinitis Medicamentosa
Authors: Di Ponio Anthony P. , Samad Mohammad‐Nadim , Pellizzari Richard , Mackie Hussein , Deeb Robert H. , Craig John R. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTopical nasal decongestants (TNDs) are used to reduce nasal soft tissue edema and obstruction. However, after frequent TND use, patients can develop rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) with rebound nasal edema and obstruction. Management of RM has centered largely on TND cessation ± intranasal corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to compare nasal obstruction outcomes following nasal obstruction surgery in patients with versus without RM.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was conducted with adult patients who underwent bilateral inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) with or without septoplasty and nasal valve repair. Patients with versus without RM were assessed. RM was defined as at least daily TND use for ≥4 weeks. Preoperative and postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores, and long‐term TND cessation rates were collected. NOSE score changes were compared between patients with versus without RM.ResultsOf the 36 RM patients, mean age was 52.0 years, and 63.9% were male. Of 116 non‐RM patients, mean age was 41.6 years, and 46.6% were male. Postoperative NOSE scores were collected at a mean 972.1 days postoperatively for RM patients, and 565.0 days for non‐RM patients. Mean NOSE score reductions were − 9.8 for RM and − 8.6 for non‐RM patients, both of which were significant (p < 0.0001). NOSE score reductions were not significantly between the two groups (p = 0.2438). Long‐term TND cessation was maintained in 86.1% of RM patients.ConclusionPatients with and without RM achieved similar long‐term significant NOSE score reductions following nasal obstruction surgery, and 86.1% of RM patients maintained long‐term TND cessation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:1015–1020, 2025
Gridded Grazing Intensity Based on Geographically Weighted Random Forest and Its Drivers: A Case Study of Western Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Gong Jie , Li Xia , Wang Yonghao , Wang Yixu , Kan Guobin , Shi Jing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOvergrazing affects the grass‐livestock balance and endangers grassland ecological security. Despite extensive studies conducted on identifying and quantifying grazing intensity, there is still room for improvement in the research on gridding grazing intensity, particularly in areas with limited data on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Therefore, we proposed a grazing intensity spatialization method using geographically weighted random forest (GWRF) to gain further insights into the spatial heterogeneity of alpine grassland grazing intensity. This method incorporates multiple remote sensing data related to human activities and natural factors, as well as annual livestock statistics at the township level over several years, while adequately considering the spatial autocorrelation of grazing intensity. Additionally, we employed Lindeman Merenda Gold (LMG), the geographical detector model, and the structural equation model (SEM) to assess the contribution and influence path of driving factors to grazing intensity. We also utilize partial correlation analysis and dual‐phase mapping to examine the impact of natural and human activities on the spatial distribution of grazing intensity. The results demonstrate that the GWRF‐based grazing intensity spatial model accurately predicts grazing intensity by demonstrating its consistency with township‐scale livestock data (R
2 = 0.92 (p < 0.01), RMSE = 1.07). This provides valuable technical support for quantifying grazing intensity in alpine pastoral areas with limited data availability. We evaluate trends in grazing intensity and observe an increase in Gar and Purang counties. Furthermore, population density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and temperature are identified as three influential factors affecting grazing intensity in alpine pastoral areas. Additionally, other factors indirectly impact grazing intensity by influencing population density and NDVI levels, while their interactions amplify their overall influence. The dual‐phase mapping technique has demonstrated a significant impact of population density on 45.92% (p < 0.01) of the study area, emphasizing the substantial influence of human activities on grazing intensity. Our study provides a novel framework for spatially analyzing grazing intensity and unraveling the intricated driving mechanisms behind spatiotemporal changes, particularly in areas with limited data availability.
Integrating Resilience Theory Into a Cultivated Land System: Empirical Insights From China's Key Grain‐Producing Regions
Authors: Yin Xiaonan , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Guoliang , Wan Chunyan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExploring cultivated land use and conservation from a resilience perspective is crucial to address regional food security concerns. This article first examines the theoretical applicability of resilience in the context of cultivated land use systems and subsequently introduces a specific concept of cultivated land system resilience (CLSR). Focusing on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, a major grain‐producing area in China, the study constructs a measurement system that encompasses five dimensions: endowment of production, socioeconomic factors, scale structure, ecological pressure, and food security. This system is used to evaluate the spatio‐temporal evolution and influencing mechanisms of CLSR in the region from 2001 to 2020. The results indicate that the level of CLSR increased by 7.2% overall and exhibits a distinct spatial pattern, with high‐value areas expanding from the center to the surrounding regions. Furthermore, CLSR shows a positive spatial correlation with rising levels of agglomeration. The spatial heterogeneity of CLSR is influenced by the interaction of various factors, resulting in a partially nonlinear two‐factor enhancement. The influence of each factor varies between different time periods, shifting from ecological pressure to scale structure, ultimately affecting food security. Thus, the resilience perspective offers greater explanatory power to identify key vulnerabilities in the regional cropland system. This approach can improve the efficient allocation of cropland resources and promote sustainable and healthy development at the regional level.
Vegetation, Soil, and Livelihoods: The Complex Effects of Forest Fires on Eastern India's Dry Deciduous Forests
Authors: Banerjee Surajit , Chakraborty Antarlina , Armenteras Dolors , Dutta Dipanwita , Kundu Arnab , Datta Debajit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study, conducted in fire‐prone dry deciduous forests of Ajodhya and Susunia hills, aims to assess the diverse impacts of forest fire events on vegetation health, soil nutrient balance, and availability of nontimber forest products (NTFPs) that conjointly modulate the livelihoods of local communities. Vegetation health and soil nutrient pool were assessed through transect sampling at both fire‐affected (FA) and fire‐unaffected (FU) forest plots of the study area. Two depths (D1: 0–15 cm, D2: 15–30 cm) were considered for soil sampling. Vegetation parameters like basal area, canopy cover, above‐ground biomass, species diversity, and tree density were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in FA compared to FU. Organic C and available N were significantly lower (p < 0.01) at D1 of soils in FA than in FU. Significant differences were found in organic C (p < 0.01), available N (p < 0.001), and available P (p < 0.01) contents of FA and FU plots at D2. Participatory appraisals conducted among the neighboring forest‐dependent communities indicated that almost every forest fire event was human‐induced. These adversely affected extraction of Shorea robusta leaves, fuelwood, wild mushrooms, Madhuca indica fruits, etc. Conversely, Diospyros melanoxylon leaf production increased after 2–3 weeks of fire due to clearing up of hitherto untapped forestlands. Cumulatively, this study uniquely attempts to contextualize the environmental impacts of fire with its socio‐economic ramifications as evident from degrading natural resources, scarcity of essential NTFPs, and escalation in number plus intensity of human–animal conflicts.
Adaptation of a keystone aquatic crustacean to cold temperatures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xiuping , Wang Lugege , Deng Zhixiong , Blair David , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic architecture of temperature adaptation is critical for characterizing and predicting the effects of temperature changes on natural populations. However, our understanding of these mechanisms is still limited, especially concerning adaptation to a cold climate. Here, we looked for adaptive phenotypic features that may help high‐elevation waterflea (Daphnia sinensis) clones to cope with the low temperatures of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and explored possible genomic signatures of adaptation to cold. We used an experimental approach to compare transcriptional responses, in high‐elevation and lowland D. sinensis ecotypes from China to different experimental temperatures (16°C vs. 20°C). We ran life table experiments and found that high‐elevation clones (from the QTP) produced more offspring in their 1st clutch (or over the 1st two clutches) than lowland clones when grown at a lower temperature. This temperature‐dependent life history difference was associated with strong genomic signatures of temperature adaptation: the gene SLC4A11 (encoding a transmembrane protein transporting Na+ and H+), together with its encompassing genomic island, might contribute to the adaptive evolution to the cold temperature experienced by high‐elevation clones. We noted that a set of candidate genes specific to the high‐elevation clones was associated with lipid metabolism, cuticle production, and cellular proliferation, possibly involved in the mechanism of temperature adaptation of these clones to the climate on the QTP. Our findings advance the understanding of how organisms have evolved to cope with cold environments.
Fast and Efficient Inverse Design Framework for Multifunctional Metalenses
Authors: Zu Xixian , Sun Xiaoyu , Yan Wei , Sha Wei E. I. , Qiu Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past years, nanostructured metalenses with thin form factors have been extensively studied for their potential in consumer and industrial applications. Despite significant advancements, current metalenses struggle to achieve high numerical aperture (NA), manufacturable structures, broad working bandwidth, and extended depth of focus (DOF) simultaneously. This paper introduces a comprehensive inverse design framework that facilitates the rapid development of polarization‐insensitive 3D metalenses, effective in both frequency and spatial domains. The framework employs shape‐constrained topology optimization to define horizontal ring profiles, along with discrete particle swarm optimization to manage discretized ring heights. Two immersed silicon carbide metalenses are demonstrated to showcase this framework's capability, providing near‐unity NAs for enhanced photon collection. The first design is an extended DOF metalens, exhibiting a DOF over four times the light wavelength and achieving a maximum diffraction efficiency of 23%, close to the theoretical limit. The second design achieves broadband achromaticity, suppressing chromatic aberrations across a wide 300 nm bandwidth (850–1150 nm) while maintaining an average diffraction efficiency of 10%. This methodology serves as a valuable tool for deploying functional metalenses with implications for nanophotonics, quantum optics, and quantum nanotechnology.
Dual‐Polarization Huge Photonic Spin Hall Shift and Super‐Subwavelength Detecting Based on Topological Singularities in 1D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Liu Yufu , Wang Xianjun , Li Yunlin , Zhang Haoran , Wang Xuezhi , Lai Zhen , Jiang Xunya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough light‐matter interaction and topology of photonic systems have been extensively studied, the topology induced novel light‐matter interaction phenomena in deep‐subwavelength region remain unexplored. Here, based on the non‐trivial topological singularity of 1D photonic crystals (PhCs), novel photonic spin Hall effects and abnormal beam behaviors are revealed in deep‐subwavelength region for the beams with nearly normal incidence, which beyond effective medium theory. The huge photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS) is observed around the singularity in the deep‐subwavelength region. The shape of reflected beam undergoes dramatic changes near the singularity, especially at the singularity, the reflected field is split as dipole‐like distribution for both polarizations. Physically, such a phenomenon is resulted from the destructive interference between the spin‐maintained beam and spin‐flipped beam. Based on these theoretical researches, super‐subwavelength thickness detecting, in which the wavelength is six orders of magnitude larger than the detecting scale, can be designed. Such sensitive detecting can also be applied to dielectric permittivity of PhC and background. Further more, by tuning the distance between two singularities in the deep‐subwavelength region, multi‐frequency channels sensitive detection and broadband platform with huge PSHS can be achieved. This system could be a platform to explore nontrivial light‐mater interaction in deep‐subwavelength region and to design of extremely sensitive detection devices.
Research of 1‐Octene C═C Bond Isomerization in High‐temperature Solution Copolymerization of Ethylene/1‐Octene
Authors: Li Junchen , Guo Qishun , Zhang Yu , Cao Chengang , Wang Yating , Jiang Tao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract1‐Octene has a very high industrial value as one of the linear α‐olefins, but the industrial value is severely reduced when its double bond isomerizes to form endo‐octene. Thus, in this paper, the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, type, and concentration of aluminum compounds on the double‐bond isomerization reaction of 1‐octene and the inhibition of the isomerization by the inhibitor, have been investigated. The mechanism of 1‐octene isomerization is studied by combining gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Modified methylaluminoxanes (MMAO‐3A), triethylaluminum (TEA), or triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) could significantly promote 1‐octene to undergo double‐bond isomerization reactions and the degree of isomerization of 1‐octene increased with increasing concentrations of aluminum compounds. In addition, inhibitors such as isooctanol or isooctylamine, can disrupt the structure of the reactive aluminum species and may retard the double bond isomerization reaction of 1‐octene. Therefore, reducing the concentration of aluminum compounds in the ethylene/1‐octene high‐temperature solution copolymerization system and the timely and sufficient use of an inhibitor at the end of the reaction are both effective in eliminating the 1‐octene double bond isomerization.
Toward In Vitro Vascular Wall Models: Digital Light Processing of Acrylate‐Endcapped Urethane‐Based Polymers into Tubular Constructs
Authors: Pien Nele , Pokholenko Ianina , Deroose Nicolas , Perneel Charlotte , Vinturelle Rafaelle , Meeremans Marguerite , Mantovani Diego , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , De Schauwer Catharina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) is emerging as a powerful tool for fabricating tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds, particularly for vascular TE and the development of representative in vitro vascular wall models. For the latter, biomaterials should mimick the biological and mechanical properties of native blood vessels. To fabricate tubular constructs, the DLP‐printing process is optimized by exploiting acrylate‐endcapped urethane‐based (AUP) polymers as the presence of the acrylate end groups render them suitable for DLP printing and desirable mechanical properties arise from the urethane segments. Four AUP variants are synthesized, exploring polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) backbones with varying acrylate functionalities (di‐acrylate versus hexa‐acrylate), namely UPEG2, UPEG6, UPPG2, and UPPG6. Tubular constructs with precise dimensions and morphology are fabricated. PPG‐based AUP polymers exhibit superior computer‐aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) mimicry compared to PEG‐based derivatives. Construct characterization reveals tunable mechanical properties, with elastic moduli ranging from 45 to 259 kPa, reaching values of the human blood vessels. In particular, UPPG6 shows a two‐fold higher elastic modulus compared to UPPG2. All materials show excellent biocompatibility. Additionally, surface modification with gelatin‐methacryloyl (GELMA) significantly enhances the cytocompatibility of UPPG2 scaffolds. This study demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating tubular constructs with tunable properties using DLP and AUP polymers.
Amine Exchange of Aminoalkylated Phenols as Dynamic Reaction in Benzoxazine/Amine‐Based Vitrimers
Authors: Wolf Adrian , Pursche Lea , Boskamp Laura , Koschek Katharina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBisfunctional benzoxazine and polyether diamine‐based polymers show Arrhenius‐like stress‐relaxation varying with stoichiometry and polymerization temperatures proving vitrimeric behavior. Molecular structural investigations reveal the presence of different aminoalkylated phenols occurring at varying ratios depending on polymer composition and polymerization conditions. The vitrimeric mechanism is found to involve an amine exchange reaction of aminoalkylated phenols in an equilibrium reaction like a nucleophilic substitution reaction. As determined by molecular studies and dissolution experiments in reactive solvents, aliphatic and aromatic primary as well as aliphatic secondary amines in the polybenzoxazine structure can act as nucleophiles in reaction with electrophilic methylene bridges. Thus, aminoalkylated phenols proved to be a relevant structural motif resulting in a vitrimeric polybenzoxazine due to amine exchange reaction.
Helical Polyallenes: From Controlled Synthesis to Distinct Properties
Authors: Zong Yang , Gao Run‐Tan , Liu Na , Luo Jing , Chen Zheng , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyallenes with appropriate pendants can form stable helices and exhibit significant optical activity. These helical polyallenes contain reactive double bonds that allow for further functionalization, making them a class of chiral functional materials with broad application prospects. This review article delves into the intricacies of synthesizing well‐defined helical polyallenes through controlled synthetic methodologies, including helix‐sense selective living polymerization, regioselective and asymmetric living polymerization, and one‐pot block copolymerization of allenes with aryl monomers. The systemically outlined characteristics of the resulting helical polyallenes and related copolymers are summarized include their unique chiroptical properties, stimuli‐responsiveness, helix‐induced chiral self‐assembly, and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Additionally, current challenges and future perspectives in the research of controlled synthesis, functionalities, and applications of helical polyallenes are discussed in detail.
Sex Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alpha‐Synucleinopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Couture Vincent , Carmel Jean‐François , Rousseau Katerine , Létourneau Geneviève , Clerc Doris , Huot Philippe , Forget Marie‐France , Nguyen Quoc Dinh , Camicioli Richard , Desmarais Philippe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlpha‐synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), demonstrate sex differences with regard to prevalence, age of onset, and motor manifestations. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common early and late manifestations of these disorders.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe sex differences in NPS across alpha‐synucleinopathies.MethodsWe searched Web of Science Core collection databases to identify observational studies published between January 1, 2000, and June 1, 2022, reporting the prevalence or severity of NPS among individuals with a diagnosis of PD, PDD, or DLB. Prevalence and severity were pooled for each NPS according to sex using random‐effects models.ResultsTwo‐hundred‐and‐forty studies, representing 796,026 participants (45% females), were included in the meta‐analysis. Female sex was associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety (OR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.40, 1.82]), depression (OR = 1.56 [1.45, 1.67]), fatigue (OR = 1.21 [1.02, 1.43]), and psychotic symptoms (OR = 1.26 [1.14, 1.40]) and more severe anxiety (g = 1.35 [95% CI: 0.58, 2.13]), depression (g = 1.57 [1.05, 2.08]), and fatigue (g = 0.86 [0.41, 1.32]), while male sex was associated with a higher prevalence of apathy (OR = 0.77 [0.63, 0.93]), impulse control disorders (OR = 0.67 [0.55, 0.82]), REM sleep behavior disorder (OR = 0.54 [0.42, 0.70]), hypersomnolence (OR = 0.67 [0.56, 0.80]), and suicide (OR = 0.30 [0.20, 0.44]).ConclusionsNPS have different prevalences and severities in alpha‐synucleinopathies according to sex. These findings support consideration of sex in the elaboration of clinical tools.