bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type of in vitro cultivation influences cytoadhesion, knob structure, protein localization and transcriptome profile of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Tilly Ann-Kathrin , Thiede Jenny , Metwally Nahla , Lubiana Pedro , Bachmann Anna , Roeder Thomas , Rockliffe Nichola , Lorenzen Stephan , Tannich Egbert , Gutsmann Thomas , Bruchhaus Iris 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum is critical for studying the biology of this parasite. However, it is likely that different in vitro cultivation conditions influence various aspects of the parasite’s life cycle. In the present study two P. falciparum isolates were cultivated using the two most common methods, in which AlbuMAX or human serum as additives are used and the results were compared. The type of cultivation influenced the knob structure of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs). IEs cultivated with AlbuMAX had fewer knobs than those cultivated with human serum. Furthermore, knob size varied between isolates and is also depended on the culture medium. In addition, there was a greater reduction in the cytoadhesion of IEs to various endothelial receptors in the presence of AlbuMAX than in the presence of human serum. Surprisingly, cytoadhesion did not correlate with the presence or absence of knobs. Greater numbers of the variant surface antigen families RIFIN, STEVOR and PfMC-2TM were found at the IE membrane when cultivated in the presence of AlbuMAX. Moreover, the type of cultivation had a marked influence on the transcriptome profile. Compared with cultivation with human serum, cultivation with AlbuMAX increased the expression of approximately 500–870 genes.
FOXO1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis partially by antagnozing MYC
Authors: Tan Peng , Guan Hanfeng , Xie Linka , Mi Baoguo , Fang Zhong , Li Jing , Li Feng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFOXO transcription factors especially FOXO1 have profound roles in bone development and remodeling. The regulation of cells of the osteoblast lineage by FOXOs is suggested to be stage-specific or context dependent. Intriguingly, recent studies on the role played by FOXOs in osteoclastogenesis reached different conclusion. Bartell et al. showed that FOXOs restrained osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption partially by upregulation of the H2O2-inactivating enzyme catalase. Wang et al. demonstrated that FOXO1 activated osteoclast formation. In the present study, we confirmed the results of Bartell et al. that FOXO1 expression was reduced upon stimulation of RANKL; FOXO1 inhibition promoted and FOXO1 activation repressed, osteoclast differentiation and activity; the inhibitory effect of FOXO1 on osteoclastogenesis was partially mediated by ROS since treatment with ROS scavengers cancelled the effect of FOXO1 inhibition on osteoclastogenesis. We further investigated the mechanisms responsible for repressed osteoclastogenesis by FOXO1. We found that FOXO1 inhibition modulated MAPKs, NF-κB and AP-1. Finally, we proved that the inhibitory effect of FOXO1 on osteoclast formation was partially mediated by MYC suppression by showing that MYC repression almost totally abrogated the effect of FOXO1 inhibition on osteoclastogenesis. To conclude, our study confirmed FOXO1 as a cell-autonomous inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis.
Spontaneous membrane-translocating peptides: influence of peptide self-aggregation and cargo polarity
Authors: Macchi Sara , Signore Giovanni , Boccardi Claudia , Di Rienzo Carmine , Beltram Fabio , Cardarelli Francesco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeptides that translocate spontaneously across cell membranes could transform the field of drug delivery by enabling the transport of otherwise membrane-impermeant molecules into cells. In this regard, a 9-aminoacid-long motif (representative sequence: PLIYLRLLR, hereafter Translocating Motif 9, TM9) that spontaneously translocates across membranes while carrying a polar dye was recently identified by high-throughput screening. Here we investigate its transport properties by a combination of in cuvette physico-chemical assays, rational mutagenesis, live-cell confocal imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements. We unveil TM9 ability to self-aggregate in a concentration-dependent manner and demonstrate that peptide self-aggregation is a necessary –yet not sufficient– step for effective membrane translocation. Furthermore we show that membrane crossing can occur with apolar payloads while it is completely inhibited by polar ones. These findings are discussed and compared to previous reports. The present results impose a careful rethinking of this class of sequences as direct-translocation vectors suitable for delivery purposes.
The Role of the Case Study Method in the Foundations of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Grünbaum Adolf 
Published: November 2015

In my 1984 book on The Foundations of Psychoanalysis, I addressed two main questions: (1) Are the analyst’s observations in the clinical setting reliable as ‘data,’ and (2) if so, can they actually support the major hypotheses of the theory of repression or psychic conflict, which is the cornerstone of the psychoanalytic edifice, as we know? In the book, I argued for giving a negative answer to both of these questions. Clearly, if the evidence from the couch is unreliable from the outset, then this defect alone suffices to jeopardize the very foundations of the clinical theory. But, as I strongly emphasized, even if clinical data were not contaminated by the analyst’s influence, the inability of the psychoanalytic method of clinical investigation by free association to warrant the required sort of causal inferences leaves the major pillars of the theory of psychic conflict ill-supported (1984, 172). Thus, I see a two-fold threat to the psychoanalytic case-study method as a means of scientific inquiry.It is an immediate corollary of my challenge that it applies not only to Freud’s own original hypotheses, but also to any and all post-Freudian versions of psychoanalysis that rely on his clinical methods of validating causal inferences, though the specific content of their theories of psychic conflict is different. After all, the alteration in the content of the hypotheses hardly makes their validation more secure. Therefore, as Morris Eagle documented in a recent publication (1983), those analysts who have objected to my critique as anachronistic have simply not come to grips with it. For example, such inadequate engagement is present, in my view, in the recent Freud Anniversary Lecture ‘Psychoanalysis as a Science: A Response to the New Challenges,’ given by Robert Wallerstein (1986), the current president of the International Psychoanalytical Association. As he tells us (1988, 6, n.1), ‘The Freud Anniversary Lecture was intended primarily as a response to Grünbaum.’ Yet he does not come to grips at all with the gravamen of my challenge: Even if clinical data could be taken at face value as being uncontaminated epistemically, the inability of the psychoanalytic method of clinical investigation by free association to warrant causal inferences leaves the major pillars of the clinical theory of repression ill-supported.
Misprescribing Controlled Substances: An Evaluation of a Professional Development Program
Authors: Dewey Charlene M. , Ghulyan Marine V. , Swiggart William H. 
Published: November 2015

Background: Controlled prescription drug (CPD) abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Most physicians attending a 3-day continuing medical education (CME) professional development program (PDP) lack training in identifying risk and in managing patients who misuse CPDs. To address this issue, the authors conducted an evaluation of a PDP that trains physicians on proper prescribing, identifying substance abuse, utilizing screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), and implementing motivational interviewing (MI). Methods: The authors conducted a program evaluation to assess the efficacy and impact of the PDP on physicians’ knowledge and prescribing behaviors. Results: Participants ( N = 174) were typically middle-aged (average age of 53 years), male (89%), and physicians (82%) and other health care professionals (18%). Many physicians practice in solo primary care settings (46%). Course evaluations were completed by n = 155 (89%) participants who rated the course and presenters highly (mean 4.8/5 respectively). Physicians’ knowledge scores on pre/post assessments increased significantly: pretest ( M = 58.7, SD = 13.12) and posttest ( M = 78.28, SD = 9.83) ( t(173) = 20.06, P ≤ .0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: [−21.51, −17.65]). Almost half of the participants, n = 83/174 (48%), completed the follow-up survey, and 93% agreed/strongly agreed (A/SA) they made professional practice changes. Of participants practicing with an active DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) registration ( n = 57), most agreed/strongly agreed they implemented changes to align their practices with current guidelines (89%), used CPD more appropriately (87%), implemented office policies on prescribing (81%), identified and referred more substance abuse patients to treatment (80%), shared new information/experience from course with other 25 health professionals (93%), and felt the course positively impacted their behaviors personally and professionally (90% and 96%, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first known study evaluating a PDP in this population. Results demonstrated participant satisfaction and improvement in prescribers’ knowledge and self-reported prescribing behaviors. However, further study is needed to assess actual clinical practice changes, direct impact on patient outcomes, and rates of recidivism.
A probabilistic analysis of cumulative carbon emissions and long-term planetary warming
Authors: Fyke Jeremy , Matthews H Damon 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Efforts to mitigate and adapt to long-term climate change could benefit greatly from probabilistic estimates of cumulative carbon emissions due to fossil fuel burning and resulting CO2-induced planetary warming. Here we demonstrate the use of a reduced-form model to project these variables. We performed simulations using a large-ensemble framework with parametric uncertainty sampled to produce distributions of future cumulative emissions and consequent planetary warming. A hind-cast ensemble of simulations captured 1980–2012 historical CO2 emissions trends and an ensemble of future projection simulations generated a distribution of emission scenarios that qualitatively resembled the suite of Representative and Extended Concentration Pathways. The resulting cumulative carbon emission and temperature change distributions are characterized by 5–95th percentile ranges of 0.96–4.9 teratonnes C (Tt C) and 1.4 °C–8.5 °C, respectively, with 50th percentiles at 3.1 Tt C and 4.7 °C. Within the wide range of policy-related parameter combinations that produced these distributions, we found that low-emission simulations were characterized by both high carbon prices and low costs of non-fossil fuel energy sources, suggesting the importance of these two policy levers in particular for avoiding dangerous levels of climate warming. With this analysis we demonstrate a probabilistic approach to the challenge of identifying strategies for limiting cumulative carbon emissions and assessing likelihoods of surpassing dangerous temperature thresholds.
Alliance portfolios and firms’ business strategy: a content analysis approach
Authors: Veiga Pedro Mota , Franco Mário 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to understand in what way the business strategy of a firm operating on a global scale is linked to its alliance portfolio,from the product-market matrix of Ansoff (1957) and the resources-partners matrix of Yasuda and Iijima (2005).Design/methodology/approach– To meet this objective,the case study method was adopted,with data being obtained from interviews and documentary analysis of the selected firm/case: Borgstena Textile (BT).Findings– Based on a content analysis approach,it was possible to observe an alliance portfolio with advantages for BT and include those partnerships in the four quadrants referring to the nature of resources and partners defined by Yasuda and Iijima. In terms of growth strategy,BT simultaneously defined the typology of product-market strategies proposed by Ansoff,i.e. BT tries to use strategic alliances to execute specific business strategies.Practical implications– This research seeks to make a practical contribution,identifying the main association between the alliance portfolio and several specific firm strategies. This may allow better understanding of the composition of the alliance portfolio and,in this way,improve strategic management. This means that alliances should be managed as a whole and not in a dyadic way.Originality/value– This study is innovative because it seeks to make a contribution to the literature,from a theoretical perspective,by developing two matrixes by Ansoff (1957) and Yasuda and Iijima (2005). These frameworks allow us to analyze the relationship between alliance portfolio and business strategy.
International diversification and return differential between the US and the foreign markets
Authors: Noman Abdullah 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the impact of the return differential between the domestic and foreign markets on the risk exposure of country mutual funds (CMFs). It is argued that when US market returns are higher than the foreign market returns, the returns chasing investors will tilt their portfolio toward the US market assets, increasing the co-movement between the US market and CMF return.

Design/methodology/approach
– The sample includes 19 exchange traded funds (ETFs) and 18 closed-end mutual funds (CEFs) over the period between 2001 and 2011. A static two-factor model is used to get the benchmark results. On the other hand, a conditional specification is used, with the return differential as the information variable, to capture the variation in the exposure of the country funds to their underlying risks.

Findings
– Empirically, the authors find results that partially support their argument. The results of the static two-factor model indicate that the CMFs are exposed to the foreign market risks, whereas the local (US) market risk is not generally priced. The results obtained from the conditional specification, however, shows that the estimated US betas are significant for a number of CMFs.

Practical implications
– A possible interpretation of this finding is that the return differential encourages return chasing behavior of the US investors documented in the international investment literature. This, in turn, may contribute to the time-varying exposure of the CMF return to their underlying risk factors. The findings of the paper have important implications for the investors as the time variation in risk exposure of CMFs causes fluctuation in diversification benefits over time.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that uses return differential as the information variable in a conditional factor model.
On the linkage between stock market development and economic growth in emerging market economies
Authors: Naik Pramod Kumar , Padhi Puja 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of stock market development on the economic growth for a panel of 27 emerging economies using annual data over the period from 1995 to 2012.

Design/methodology/approach
– A second-generation panel unit root test developed by Pesaran (2007) has been used to test the stationary properties of the data series. To achieve the study objectives and to mitigate the endogeneity problem that exists in the given model, the authors use a dynamic panel “system GMM” estimator. The authors also use a heterogeneous panel causality test proposed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) to examine the direction of causality among the variables.

Findings
– The empirical findings indicate that stock market development significantly contributes to economic growth. Further, a unidirectional causality running from stock market development to economic growth has been found. This finding is consistent with the supply-leading hypothesis. Besides stock market development, it is also evident that macroeconomic variables, such as investment ratio, trade openness and exchange rates, have significant impact on economic growth.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings suggest that a well-functioning stock market, a more globalized economy and increasing aggregate investment can potentially foster the economic growth in those emerging economies.

Originality/value
– Unlike other studies, this study constructs three alternate composite indices along with the individual indicators of stock market development and applies robust panel econometric techniques to establish more reliable results.
From positive ageing to positive living; a changing perspective from the Beth Johnson Foundation
Authors: Wealleans Lynne Marie 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to disseminate the learning from the positive ageing and positive living projects of the Beth Johnson Foundation (BJF) and to contribute to the discourse around ageing and older people.

Design/methodology/approach
– The content for this case study was drawn from evidence gathering activities with different generations of older people, with key stakeholders, commissioners and policy makers. This was supported by extensive desk top analysis of information and research on the subjects of positive and active ageing.

Findings
– This case study examines the key elements of positive ageing within a life course context and explores the language and culture around ageing. It makes some recommendations, based on practice, that support a change in the dialogue around ageing from positive ageing to positive living.

Practical implications
– This approach is of interest to all citizens, to those who work with older people, to commissioners and to decision makers. It promotes a multi-generational approach to the co-design of services. It supports prevention, health promotion and appropriate interventions which are not based on age. It also, therefore, promotes ageing as a “natural” part of the life course, challenges negative stereotypes around ageing and ensures accessible, inclusive and quality services.

Social implications
– The content and conclusions of the case study challenge some of the traditional thinking and approaches around ageing and recommend a more inclusive approach to service design and delivery. The case study also addresses some of the issues around the language used and the culture around ageing which will contribute to a more forward thinking approach.

Originality/value
– This is an original case study based on the work of the BJF over a ten year period as it developed its’ Positive Ageing and Positive Living programmes. BJF has been at the forefront of the positive ageing movement by developing mid-life programmes of work and is acknowledged as an expert organisation in the field of intergenerational (and now multi-generational) practice and age friendly communities.
Proteogenomics of a saxitoxin‐producing and non‐toxic strain of Anabaena circinalis (cyanobacteria) in response to extracellular NaCl and phosphate depletion
Authors: D'Agostino Paul M. , Song Xiaomin , Neilan Brett A. , Moffitt Michelle C. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn Australia, saxitoxin production is strain dependent within the bloom‐forming freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis. Freshwater cyanobacteria are exposed to rapid fluctuations in environmental nutrient concentrations, and their adaption is vital for competition, succession and dominance. Two elements of environmental significance, phosphorus and sodium chloride, are proposed to play a role in bloom development and saxitoxin biosynthesis respectively. The aim of our study was to comparatively analyse the model saxitoxin‐producing A. circinalis AWQC131C and non‐toxic A. circinalis AWQC310F at the genomic level and proteomic level, in response to phosphate depletion and increased extracellular NaCl. When challenged, photosynthesis, carbon/nitrogen metabolisms, transcription/translation, oxidative stress and nutrient transport functional categories demonstrated the largest changes in protein abundance. In response to increased NaCl, SxtC, a protein conserved in all known saxitoxin biosynthetic pathways, was downregulated. Additionally, toxin quantification revealed a decrease in total saxitoxin and decarbomoyl‐gonyautoxin2/3 content in response to the NaCl treatment. In response to phosphate depletion, the toxic and non‐toxic strain displayed similar proteomic profiles, although the toxic strain did not alter the abundance of as many proteins as the non‐toxic strain. These findings have important implications for the future, since response and adaption mechanisms are directly related to in situ dominance of cyanobacteria.
Life events, anxiety, social support, personality, and alexithymia in female patients with chronic pain: A path analysis
Authors: Zeng Fanmin , Sun Xueli , Yang Bangxiang , Fu Xiaoqian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to identify a model that explains the relationship between psychosocial factors and chronic pain in female patients, and to explore all of these constructs in a single study and provide a more holistic examination of the overall psychosocial factors that female patients with chronic pain encounter.MethodsFemale patients with chronic pain (n = 147), aged 20–65 (M = 34.9 years, SD = 11.25), from an outpatient pain clinic completed a cross‐sectional self‐report questionnaire on anxiety, life events, personality, social support, and alexithymia. Data were analyzed by means of path analysis.ResultsThe direct effect of anxiety on female patients with chronic pain was greatest among all the paths. Personality and alexithymia led to chronic pain in female patients only indirectly, mediated by life events. The personality factors of neuroticism and extraversion were associated positively with social support, which had an indirect effect on the influence of life events on chronic pain. However, alexithymia was associated negatively with social support, which had an indirect effect on the influence of life events on chronic pain.DiscussionOur findings provide evidence that life events are a mediator in the relationship between personality, social support, alexithymia, and chronic pain in female patients.
Copy number variations at LEPR gene locus associated with gene expression and phenotypic traits in Chinese cattle
Authors: Shi Tao , Xu Yao , Yang Mingjuan , Huang Yongzhen , Lan Xianyong , Lei Chuzhao , Qi Xinglei , Yang Xiaoming , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrent evidences show that copy number variations (CNVs) are linked to complex phenotypic traits. Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and fat development and re‐sequencing of the cattle genome revealed the CNV region (herein referred to as “I3 DNA”) within the LEPR intron 3. In the present study, we qualified copy numbers of I3 DNA within LEPR gene in four cattle breeds (Qinchuan, Nanyang, Jinnan and Xianan) by quantitative PCR, and explored their impacts on LEPR gene expression and phenotypic traits in Qinchuan and Nanyang cattle. The results showed that more individuals in Nanyang are with loss of the I3 DNA copy number than that in the others. Additionally, I3 DNA CNVs exhibited a significant negative correlation with LEPR gene expression (P < 0.05). Association analysis showed that gain/normal copy number types performed better traits of body weight, body height and body length than the loss type in Nanyang. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the association between LEPR CNVs and cattle traits, and this may help deep understanding of the function of CNVs which may be promising markers for beef cattle breeding and genetics. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science