bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro evaluation of apoptotic effect of bis(acetylacetonato‐k2O,O′)(1,10‐phenanthroline‐k2 N,N′)Zn(II) complex
Authors: Trejo‐Solis Cristina , Alvarez‐Lemus Mayra A. , Jiménez‐Farfán Dolores , Anaya‐Rubio Isabel , López‐González Rosendo , Palencia Guadalupe , Frías‐Márquez Dora M. , González‐García Gerardo , Rubio‐Osornio Carmen , Calvillo‐Velasco Minerva , Márquez‐Chablé Guadalupe 
Published: October 2016

Phenanthroline derivatives have been reported as potential bioactive compounds because of their ability to interact with DNA. To evaluate the antiproliferative effect of bis(acetylacetonate‐k2 O,O)(1,10‐phenanthroline‐k2 N,N)Zn(II) or Zn(acac)2(phen) complex, the compound was obtained in a simple manner and further characterized to determine crystal structure, thermal behavior, morphology, and spectroscopic properties. The structure of the complex was confirmed by X‐ray single structure as well as by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in dmso‐d6 (dimethyl sulfoxide) solution and in the solid state by 13C CP/MAS. Although preparation of this compound has been described previously, there are no reports on its biological activity; here, we assessed its antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts, A253, FaDu, Cal‐27, RH‐30, RD, U‐373, C6, A‐549, MDA‐MB‐231, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines at different doses (50–100 and 150 μg/ml). The cell viability was determined by MTT assay and high activity was observed for the most of the cell lines, and TUNEL results showed the induction of apoptosis.
The rs2274911 polymorphism in GPRC6A gene is associated with insulin resistance in normal weight and obese subjects
Authors: Di Nisio Andrea , Rocca Maria Santa , Fadini Gian Paolo , De Toni Luca , Marcuzzo Giorgio , Marescotti Maria Cristina , Sanna Marta , Plebani Mario , Vettor Roberto , Avogaro Angelo , Foresta Carlo 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectiveIdentification of the novel endocrine role of osteocalcin (OC) and its receptor GPRC6A has given rise to a new branch of research in OC/GPRC6A axis related to glucose metabolism. GPRC6A‐ and OC‐deficient mice share features of the metabolic syndrome, in addition to male infertility. Recently, the polymorphism rs2274911 in GPRC6A was shown to be associated with testicular impairment. We aimed to investigate the role of rs2274911 polymorphism in glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of normal weight and obese subjectsDesign, Patients, SettingsA total of 392 male and females, including 218 obese patients and 174 age‐matched normal weight controls, were retrospectively selected.ResultsThe distribution of rs2274911 alleles and genotypes did not differ either between normal weight and obese subjects or sexes (all P > 0·05). Age‐ and OC‐adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that, in the normal weight group, fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR increased in GA (P = 0·016 and P = 0·025) and AA genotypes (P = 0·033 and P = 0·040) compared with GG homozygotes. In the obese group, AA homozygotes had increased fasting glucose (P = 0·041 vs GG). Triglycerides, fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR increased in both GA (P = 0·020, P < 0·001 and P = 0·001) and AA genotype (P = 0·021, P = 0·013 and P = 0·013).ConclusionIn a cohort of normal weight and obese subjects, we found that the nonrare polymorphism rs2274911 in the GPRC6A gene was associated with insulin resistance features, independently of the metabolic phenotype and OC levels.
Implicit and explicit false belief development in preschool children
Authors: Grosse Wiesmann Charlotte , Friederici Angela D. , Singer Tania , Steinbeis Nikolaus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe ability to represent the mental states of other agents is referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM). A developmental breakthrough in ToM consists of understanding that others can have false beliefs about the world. Recently, infants younger than 2 years of age have been shown to pass novel implicit false belief tasks. However, the processes underlying these tasks and their relation to later‐developing explicit false belief understanding, as well as to other cognitive abilities, are not yet understood. Here, we study a battery of implicit and explicit false belief tasks in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children, relating their performance to linguistic abilities and executive functions. The present data show a significant developmental change from failing explicit false belief tasks at 3 years of age to passing them at the age of 4, while both age groups pass implicit false belief tasks. This differential developmental trajectory is reflected by the finding that explicit and implicit false belief tasks do not correlate. Further, we demonstrate that explicit false belief tasks correlate with syntactic and executive functions, whereas implicit false belief tasks do not. The study thus indicates that the processes underlying implicit false belief tasks are different from later‐developing explicit false belief understanding. Moreover, our results speak for a critical role of syntactic and executive functions for passing standard explicit false belief tasks in contrast to implicit tasks.
Dispersal differences of a pest and a protected Cerambyx species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in oak open woodlands: a mark–recapture comparative study
Authors: TORRES‐VILA LUIS M. , MENDIOLA‐DIAZ FRANCISCO J. , SÁNCHEZ‐GONZÁLEZ ÁLVARO 
Published: October 2016

1. Cerambyx welensii (Cw) and Cerambyx cerdo (Cc) are two large saproxylic beetles living on Quercus trees in the Western Palearctic whose current pest and legal status differs markedly. Cw is an emerging pest involved in oak decline while Cc is an internationally protected species.2. Acquiring knowledge of the ecology, demography and behaviour of Cw and Cc in forests harbouring mixed populations is a demanding task to optimise their management or protection. Here, we report the results of a mark–recapture study on the flight behaviour and dispersal potential of both species in holm oak open woodlands.3. Average flights, dispersal rates and diffusion models were remarkably similar in Cw and Cc, reflecting a low‐dispersal tendency and sedentary behaviour. However, a subset of adults in both species exhibited a huge propensity to disperse and flew more than 1 km. An aggregated distribution of dispersal distances suggested that a behavioural polymorphism might underlie the flight pattern.4. Adults moved preferentially in those spatial directions with neighbouring trees, while prevailing winds did not significantly affect dispersal patterns. The main interspecific differences were as follows: (i) Cc performed longer crosswind flights than Cw on windy days; (ii) Cc tended to fly farther than Cw at low temperatures; and (iii) adult feeding improved dispersal but only in small Cw females. Moon phase did not affect flight activity.5. The results are discussed in an effort to interpret how these ecological and behavioural differences might shape the life history of both congeneric species when they live in sympatry in dehesa woodlands.
Iron oxides and rare earth elements in the clay fractions of a soil chronosequence in southern Spain
Authors: Martín‐García J. M. , Sánchez‐Marañón M. , Calero J. , Aranda V. , Delgado G. , Delgado R. 
Published: October 2016

Mineralogical (XRD), crystallochemical (DXRD), geochemical (ICP‐ms and ICP‐AES) and spectroscopic colour (DRS) properties of the clay fractions confirmed that five soils (a Fluvisol, two Calcisols and two Luvisols) on fluvial terraces in southern Spain form a genuine chronosequence that extends back to 600 ka. Analyses showed that goethite was more abundant than haematite. Both iron (hydr)oxide contents and Al substitution in goethite (mole %) increased with soil age. The Fe in the (hydr)oxides came from the transformation of illites to smectite + mixed‐layer phyllosilicates. Rare earth element contents correlated with a mafic alteration index and with soil age. Soil colours reflected variation in the proportions of calcite and iron (hydr)oxides, and became redder with age. Most soil properties were fitted by logarithmic chronofunctions that approach asymptotes at 70–100 ka.HighlightsA chronosequence is confirmed from the soil of fluvial terraces in southern Spain.
Goethite exceeds haematite throughout and increases with soil age.
Rare earth elements correlate with a mafic alteration index and soil age.
Most soil attributes show logarithmic chronofunctions with asymptotes at 70–100 ka.
Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation
Authors: Mimura Makiko , Yahara Tetsukazu , Faith Daniel P. , Vázquez‐Domínguez Ella , Colautti Robert I. , Araki Hitoshi , Javadi Firouzeh , Núñez‐Farfán Juan , Mori Akira S. , Zhou Shiliang , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Neaves Linda E. , Fukano Yuya , Smith Gideon F. , Sato Yo‐Ichiro , Tachida Hidenori , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntraspecific variation is a major component of biodiversity, yet it has received relatively little attention from governmental and nongovernmental organizations, especially with regard to conservation plans and the management of wild species. This omission is ill‐advised because phenotypic and genetic variations within and among populations can have dramatic effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, including responses to environmental change, the maintenance of species diversity, and ecological stability and resilience. At the same time, environmental changes associated with many human activities, such as land use and climate change, have dramatic and often negative impacts on intraspecific variation. We argue for the need for local, regional, and global programs to monitor intraspecific genetic variation. We suggest that such monitoring should include two main strategies: (i) intensive monitoring of multiple types of genetic variation in selected species and (ii) broad‐brush modeling for representative species for predicting changes in variation as a function of changes in population size and range extent. Overall, we call for collaborative efforts to initiate the urgently needed monitoring of intraspecific variation.
Theorising Interdisciplinary Public Sector Accounting Research
Authors: Jacobs Kerry 
Published: October 2016

AsbtractWhile the volume of interdisciplinary public sector accounting research has expanded, there has been a call to deepen the theorisation. This paper explores the theorisation of the most highly cited interdisciplinary public sector accounting as a tool to understand better what constitutes the dominant or doxic theoretical approaches. Accountability, New Public Management (NPM) and Habermasian theorisation were the three most significant and dominant approaches which could be seen as examples of what Llewellyn (2003) classifies as grand theory (Habermas) and conceptual innovation (accountability and NPM). Much of the accountability work presents the notion of a clash between different forms of accountability, particularly associated with managerialist NPM characteristics. Despite Llewellyn's (2003) criticism of grand theoretical approaches, there are many examples of Habermasian elements being combined with other theoretical approaches to assist exploration of both micro practices and the broader social and societal impact of public sector changes. As such, there is an endorsement of theoretical approaches which address both the micro behaviour and the macro impact of accounting practices in the context of the public sector.
Not What It Said on the Tin? Reflections on Three Decades of UK Public Management Reform
Authors: Hood Christopher , Dixon Ruth 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite decades of research, we still need more long‐term evidence of the effects of New Public Management (NPM) and accompanying changes in government over a generation. Looking at UK experience, a key case in NPM and digital‐age developments, this paper evaluates administrative data to show what happened to indicators of fairness and consistency and of prudent management through limitation of running costs in public administration over three decades. The analysis shows that running costs rose substantially in real terms (contrary to the cost‐cutting stereotype of NPM), while indicators of first‐stage formal challenges to government suggest increased dissatisfaction with fairness and consistency in administration.
New Public Management: The Story Continues
Authors: Hyndman Noel , Lapsley Irvine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNew Public Management (NPM) has aroused significant interest amongst academe, policy makers and practitioners, since its first articulation in the seminal articles by Hood (1991 and 1995). However, in the 21stcentury, a body of opinion has developed which asserts that the NPM ispassé. This paper seeks to determine the contemporary status of NPM in the context of the UK, one of the early adopters of NPM. Close inspection of UK Government policy underlines the importance of NPM ideas in the New Labour Governmentmodernisationpolicy (1997‐2010). Furthermore, the policy actions of the 2010–2015 UK Coalition Government reveal that the global financial crisis intensified the drive for NPM in the UK's public sector. This discussion reveals no evidence in support of the demise of NPM.
Field‐grown transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with altered lignin does not affect soil chemistry, microbiology, and carbon storage potential
Authors: DeBruyn Jennifer M. , Bevard David A. , Essington Michael E. , McKnight Julie Y. , Schaeffer Sean M. , Baxter Holly L. , Mazarei Mitra , Mann David G. J. , Dixon Richard A. , Chen Fang , Zhuo Chunliu , Wang Zeng‐Yu , Stewart Charles Neal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCell wall recalcitrance poses a major challenge on cellulosic biofuel production from feedstocks such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). As lignin is a known contributor of recalcitrance, transgenic switchgrass plants with altered lignin have been produced by downregulation of caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase (COMT). Field trials of COMT‐downregulated plants previously demonstrated improved ethanol conversion with no adverse agronomic effects. However, the rhizosphere impacts of altering lignin in plants are unknown. We hypothesized that changing plant lignin composition may affect residue degradation in soils, ultimately altering soil processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of two independent lines of COMT‐downregulated switchgrass plants on soils in terms of chemistry, microbiology, and carbon cycling when grown in the field. Over the first two years of establishment, we observed no significant differences between transgenic and control plants in terms of soil pH or the total concentrations of 19 elements. An analysis of soil bacterial communities via high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed no effects of transgenic plants on bacterial diversity, richness, or community composition. We also did not observe a change in the capacity for soil carbon storage: There was no significant effect on soil respiration or soil organic matter. After five years of establishment, δ13C of plant roots, leaves, and soils was measured and an isotopic mixing model used to estimate that 11.2 to 14.5% of soil carbon originated from switchgrass. Switchgrass‐contributed carbon was not significantly different between transgenic and control plants. Overall, our results indicate that over the short term (two and five years), lignin modification in switchgrass through manipulation of COMT expression does not have an adverse effect on soils in terms of total elemental composition, bacterial community structure and diversity, and capacity for carbon storage.
Increased lipogenesis in spite of upregulated hepatic 5'AMP‐activated protein kinase in human non‐alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: von Loeffelholz Christian , Döcke Stephanie , Lock Johan F. , Lieske Stefanie , Horn Paul , Kriebel Jennifer , Wahl Simone , Singmann Paula , de las Heras Gala Tonia , Grallert Harald , Raschzok Nathaniel , Sauer Igor M. , Heller Regine , Jahreis Gerhard , Claus Ralf A. , Bauer Michael , Stockmann Martin , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. 
Published: October 2016

AimsMolecular adaptations in human non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are incompletely understood. This study investigated the main gene categories related to hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation capacity.MethodsLiver specimens of 48 subjects were histologically classified according to steatosis severity. In‐depth analyses were undertaken using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Lipid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, and effects of key fatty acids were studied in primary human hepatocytes.ResultsReal‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry indicated 5'AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) to be increased with steatosis score ≥ 2 (all P < 0.05), including various markers of de novo lipogenesis and lipid degradation (all P < 0.05). Regarding endoplasmic reticulum stress, X‐Box binding protein‐1 (XBP1) was upregulated in steatosis score ≥ 2 (P = 0.029) and correlated with plasma palmitate (r = 0.34; P = 0.035). Palmitate incubation of primary human hepatocytes increased XBP1 and downstream stearoyl CoA desaturase‐1 mRNA expression (both P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma and liver tissue exposed a NAFLD‐related lipid profile with reduced polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio, increased palmitate and palmitoleate, and elevated lipogenesis and desaturation indices with steatosis score ≥ 2 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionIn humans with advanced fatty liver disease, hepatic AMPK protein is upregulated, potentially in a compensatory manner. Moreover, pathways of lipid synthesis and degradation are co‐activated in subjects with advanced steatosis. Palmitate may drive lipogenesis by activating XBP1‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and represent a target for future dietary or pharmacological intervention.
Evaluation of root maturation after revitalization in immature permanent teeth with nonvital pulps by cone beam computed tomography and conventional radiographs
Authors: Linsuwanont P. , Sinpitaksakul P. , Lertsakchai T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the response of immature permanent teeth with nonvital pulps after revitalization procedures using cone beam computed tomography imaging and conventional radiograph.MethodologyClinical records of patients who had undergone revitalization between 1997 and 2014 were collected. Seventeen patients attended the follow‐up examination. Clinical examination and radiographic examination by means of CBCT imaging and conventional radiographs were conducted to evaluate treatment outcomes, especially the dimensional changes of the root and the pattern of root maturation. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher's exact test and Monte Carlo test to investigate the effect of potential outcome predictors.ResultsFor the follow‐up period as far as 96 months, thirteen teeth (76%) were classified as a ‘success’. Conventional radiographs showed various degrees of dimensional changes in the immature roots ranging from 0% to 73% changes. The mean percentage changes of root length and root wall thickness were 14.38 ± 20.92% and 13.82 ± 11.17%, respectively. CBCT images illustrated various patterns of root maturation including incomplete root development with wide‐open apices and fully formed roots with various apical shapes. Root canal contents varied radiographically from empty canals to many degrees of unpredictable patterning of radiopaque deposits.ConclusionRevitalization in immature teeth with nonvital pulps resulted in unpredictable responses in terms of continued root development. Various types of root maturation and root canal contents were observed radiographically, which were different from typical root development.
A new method for the assessment of the surface topography of NiTi rotary instruments
Authors: Ferreira F. , Barbosa I. , Scelza P. , Russano D. , Neff J. , Montagnana M. , Zaccaro Scelza M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo describe a new method for the assessment of nanoscale alterations in the surface topography of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments using a high‐resolution optical method and to verify the accuracy of the technique.MethodologyNoncontact three‐dimensional optical profilometry was used to evaluate defects on a size 25, .08 taper reciprocating instrument (WaveOne®), which was subjected to a cyclic fatigue test in a simulated root canal in a clear resin block. For the investigation, an original procedure was established for the analysis of similar areas located 3 mm from the tip of the instrument before and after canal preparation to enable the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements with precision. All observations and analysis were taken in areas measuring 210 × 210 μm provided by the software of the equipment.ResultsThe three‐dimensional high‐resolution image analysis showed clear alterations in the surface topography of the examined cutting blade and flute of the instrument, before and after use, with the presence of surface irregularities such as deformations, debris, grooves, cracks, steps and microcavities.ConclusionsOptical profilometry provided accurate qualitative nanoscale evaluation of similar surfaces before and after the fatigue test. The stability and repeatability of the technique enables a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of wear on the surface of endodontic instruments.
Climate change and the epidemiology of selected tick‐borne and mosquito‐borne diseases: update from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Task Force
Authors: Andersen Louise K. , Davis Mark D. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractClimate change refers to variation in the climate of a specific region or globally over time. A change has been reported in the epidemiology of tick‐ and mosquito‐borne diseases in recent decades. Investigators have postulated that this effect may be associated with climate change. We reviewed the English‐language literature describing changes in the epidemiology of specific tick‐ and mosquito‐borne diseases, including the tick‐borne diseases of Lyme disease, tularemia, Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the mosquito‐borne diseases of dengue, malaria, West Nile virus infection, Ross River virus disease, and Barmah Forest virus disease. We postulate that the changing epidemiology of tick‐ and mosquito‐borne diseases is related to climate change.
Prescribing antibiotics in diabetic foot infection: what is the role of initial microscopy and culture of tissue samples?*
Authors: Chisman Robin , Lowry Danielle , Saeed Mujahid A , Tiwari Alok , David Miruna D 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of microscopy, Gram stain and the culture of tissue samples in the antibiotic treatment of patients with diabetic foot infection. A retrospective review of patients with a diabetic foot infection was undertaken. Data analysed included the severity of infection, antibiotic prescribing patterns, microscopy and culture results. A total of 71 patients were included, from whom 114 tissue samples were collected. Gram stain results were in agreement with final culture results in 45·8% (n = 54) of samples. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the Gram stains were low (74·5% and 69·8%, respectively), although the specificity for Gram‐negative rods was high (98·5%). The presence or absence of ‘pus cells’ on microscopy was a poor predictor of culture results. Empirical prescribing of antibiotics was in accordance with local policy in 31·1% of patients, improving to 86·8 % following culture results. Microscopy, a skilled laboratory procedure, was generally a poor predictor of tissue culture results. However, the presence of Gram‐negative rods was suggestive of isolation in the culture of such organisms and could allow the early broadening of antibiotic treatment. Despite initial poor compliance of empirical antibiotic treatment regimens, prescribing was adjusted in light of culture results, suggesting these were important for clinicians.