bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing New American Cyanamid Products and Standard Insecticides for Control of Natural Populations of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1993
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 15 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 20-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 32.6 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply weekly applications of each treatment. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments. Treatments were applied on 22 Jul, 2, 10, 17, 27 Aug, and 3 Sep. Evaluations were made on 29 Jul, 9, 24 Aug, and 13 Sep, by selecting three plants per replication, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live larvae. A two-way ANOVA was used for analysis of Lepidoptera data using replicate totals for the entire season.
Efficacy of Systemic Aphicides for Control of Melon Aphid on Cantaloupe, 1993
Authors: McKenzie C. L. , Cartwright B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two greenhouse trials were conducted sequentially to evaluate rates of systemic aphicides for control of melon aphid on cantaloupe. Methods of both trials were the same with the exceptions of the cultivars used, number of replicates and sample intervals. In the first trial, ‘Top Mark’ cantaloupe were planted 16 Aug and arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. In the second trial, ‘Perlita’ cantaloupe were planted 4 Oct and arranged in a RCB with 3 replications. In both trials, cantaloupe were seeded in 6-inch pots with Metro Mix® Redi Earth growing medium (40-50% peat moss; 50-60% medium vermiculite), thinned to 1 plant per pot when plants reached the 1st true leaf stage, and maintained in a greenhouse at 65°F a 85°F during the trial. Untreated cantaloupe and watermelon plants colonized with melon aphid were interspaced between treated plants as an infestation source during the trial. A general purpose fertilizer was applied at the recommended greenhouse rate, triadimefon was misted over plants with a spray bottle at the recommended rate for powdery mildew control, and plants were irrigated as needed by adding water to plastic trays used to hold each pot. All treatments were applied as a soil drench around the base of each plant after pretreatment counts. Four oz total volume was used for each treatment and the untreated control received 4 oz of water alone. The total number of aphids were counted on three leaves per plant, and each leaf was marked and resampled 3 (1st trial); 4, 6, 8, and 10 DAT (2nd trial). Linear regression analysis was used to determine relationships between aphicide rate and mean number of aphids per leaf. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using analysis of variance and means were separated with Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple range tests (P ≤ 0.10).
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Control of Leafminers on Melons, 1993
Authors: Sparks Alton N. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small plot study was conducted at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center in Weslsco, Texas, to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides for control of leafminers on melons. Plots measuring 1 bed (80 inches) by 25 ft were established in a cantaloupe field in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized (40 psi) backpack sprayer in a tot3l volume of 25 gal per acre with four 10X nozzles across the row. Plots were sprayed on 7 3nd 16 Jun and samples collected for evalustion on 18 Jun. Samples were collected from five randomly selected plants per plot. On each plant, leaves were examined 3nd counted from the termin3l growth back until mining wss noted. The first lesf with mines and the next leaf back were collected on each plant (10 leaves per plot) and held for emergence. Dsts collected included the number of lesves from the terminal where the first mines were noted and the number of sdult lesfminers and parasites that emerged from samples.
Apple, Miticide Evaluations, 1993
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Kilmer S. W. , Warren J. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in an orchard of 16 year old ‘Spur Red’ Delicious apple trees on MM 106 roots. Treatments were placed in alternating rows, with the intervening unsprayed rows serving as guard rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate (4 per treatment) consisted of three adjacent trees. Data was only taken from the center tree of each replicate. Treatments were applied with a power take off driven FMC (model 252S) airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa (76.62 liters/ha). Delayed dormant 60 sec. oil (6 gal./acre) was applied to two treatments on 27 Apr. One treatment contained only oil but the other had Kinetic EC (16 oz./acre) combined with oil. Two control plots were established, one received two inoculations of ERM and one did not. The inoculations made to all plots except as noted above consisted of taping 10 mite infested apple shoots (collected in a heavily infested commercial orchard) to limbs on the periphery of each test tree. Inoculations were made on 24 May and 4 Jun. Other treatments were applied on 21 Jun and 28 Jun. Predator data (16 Jul) was collected during a three minute observation of the canopy. Mite data were developed by collecting leaf samples (20 leaves) and following the standard Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing procedure.
Control of Ear-Infesting Insects in Sweet Corn with High Rates of Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1993
Authors: Prostak Donald J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 15 Jul at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of 4 rows, 50 ft long on 3 ft centers with 9 inches between plants. Buffers were 12 ft driveways, two additional rows between adjacent plots, and 5 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 11, 14, 19, and 25 Sep with the exception of two treatments (Dipel 2X + Kinetic—two early; Agree + Kinetic—two early) which were initiated on 8, 10 Sep when 0.01% of the plants were beginning to silk. A tractor-mounted, PTO-driven diaphragm pump, boom sprayer was equipped with 4 hollow-cone drop nozzles per row directing the spray to the ear zone. Sprayer was calibrated to deliver 73.5 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plots were evaluated on 29 Sep by examining 25 primary ears harvested from the middle 40 ft of the middle 2 rows of each replicate. All larvae or larval damage in or on the ear was identified and counted.
Foliar Insecticide Evaluation for Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1993
Authors: Zehnder G. W. , Hollingsworth M. H. , Hagemore D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted on 27 May at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation in Cullman, Alabama. Treatment plots were 6 rows, each 10 meters long, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The four middle rows of each plot were sprayed with insecticides beginning at "tassel push", when the tassels were first observed growing up from the whorl, and on a 3—4 day schedule throughout the silking period until harvest. Sprays were applied on 15, 19, 22, 26, 29 Jul, and on 2 Aug. Spray application was made by a self-propelled high-clearance sprayer with one hollow cone nozzle over the row and 1-8 nozzles on drop extension tubes on either side of the row (additional nozzles were added as corn height increased). Spray volume remained constant on all spray dates at 80 gal/acre. An additional treatment was included to evaluate the effectiveness of a tank mix of Asana XL plus vegetable oil (Red Panther Super V Oil [93% pure]; Red Panther Chemical Co., Clarksdale, MS). Treatment effectiveness was determined at harvest (4 Aug) by examination of 25 randomly-picked ears per plot (100 ears per treatment) for CEW feeding damage and larvae in the ears. Ears were considered unmarketable if CEW damage to the ear extended 38 mm (1.5 inches) beyond the tip of the ear. Of the 800 total ears examined for CEW damage, five were infested with sap beetle (Nitidulidae) larvae and/or adults. These were included in the data set to determine the percentage of damaged and unmarketable ears.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1994
Authors: Kearns K. , Grafius E. , Bommarito M. , Brunt C. , Ferrigan J. , Haas L. , Scriber B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Snowdon’ variety potatoes were used to test nineteen insecticides for control of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 34 inch row spacing on 4 May. Plots were 40 feet long by three rows wide and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were separated by at least 5 feet of bare ground. Fosthiazate in-furrow treatments were incorporated into the soil through rototill on 3 May. An Admire treatment was applied in furrow on the potato seed with a CO2 backpack sprayer (8005 flat fan single nozzle, 30 psi) on 4 May. Foliar treatment applications were applied on 16, 23 Jun, 1 and 7 Jul using a tractor-mounted sprayer (30 gal/acre, 40 psi). Preplant Fosthiazate treated plots also received foliar treatments of Asana and piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Rain occurred on 24 Jun and 7 Jul within hours after spraying. Insecticide effectiveness was determined through postspray counts for all stages of CPB (small larvae = 1 st and 2nd instar, large larvae = 3rd and 4th instar) by searching two randomly selected plants from the middle row of each plot on 21, 28 Jun, 5 and 12 Jul. Plots were assessed for percent defoliation on 28 Jun, 5, 8 and 12 Jul. Plots were sprayed 13 Jul with Imidan and PBO (except for two of the Agrimek plots) to control summer adults emerging from poor treatments and migrating toward other research plots. All plots were sprayed for the same reason with Agrimek on 23 Jul and 11 Aug. Potatoes in the middle row of each plot were harvested on 2 Sept. Potatoes were separated by size.
Potato Insect Control, 1994
Authors: Slocombe Andrew C. , Ferro David N. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 30 Apr in South Deerfield, Massachusetts. Fertilizer (600 lbs 10N:10P:10K/acre) was banded into the furrow at planting, and an additional 200 lbs was applied at hilling on 30 Jun. Soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 5.6. Manzate (fungicide) was applied at 1 lb. Al/acre on 30 Jun and 25 Jul. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 30 ft. rows with a 6 ft. fallow area separating each plot. All samples were taken from the center two rows. Treatments were applied with CO2-pressurized sprayers at 40 psi, delivering about 70 gal/acre. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on 5 whole plants or stalks in each plot. The number of early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth) were recorded. Admire was applied to the base of plants on 8 Jun; plants were about 8” tall. The foliar treatments were first applied on 15 Jun, and then again on 22, 29 Jun, 6, 13, 20 and 27 Jul. The first two abamectin treatments were treated with Novodor at 2.5 qt/acre on 15 and 22 Jun followed by a single application of abamectin on 29 Jun, while the last two abamectin treatments were treated with Novodor at 2.5 qt/acre weekly from 15 Jun through 13 Jul and then on 20 Jul received a single application of abamectin. Fipronil treatments were applied on 15, 29 Jun, 13 and 27 Jul.
Soil Insecticides to Control CPB on Potatoes, 1994
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 11 April at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25 ft rows planted on a 3 ft row spacing. Each two row plot was bordered on each side by an untreated guard row and replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Soil insecticides were applied preplanting in furrow using a single hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer. A 3 hollow cone nozzle boom was used for the foliar sprays. Foliar sprays were applied in 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Weekly counts of all CPB life stages present were taken on 5 random stems/plot to determine efficacy and spray thresholds. Foliar sprays were applied as indicated in the spray schedule table to any plots exceeding the following thresholds; 4 small larvae, 1.5 large larvae or 0.5 adults/stem. Both rows of each plot were harvested on 19 Jul and graded to determine yields.
Adios and Conventional Insecticides for Striped Cucumber Beetle Control, 1994
Authors: Burkness E. C. , Hutchison W. D. , Battels D. W. , Bolin P. C. , O’Rourke P. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two insecticide trials were conducted in a commercially grown field of pumpkins managed by Owatonna Canning Co., in Mower County, Minnesota. The field was planted 18 May. Plots in both trials consisted of single 25 ft (7.62 m) rows on 5 ft (1.52 m) centers. Plant spacing was 18 inches (0.46 m). Both trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first trial consisted of 4 replications and the second, 5 replications. All plots were separated by 1 or 2 skip rows. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a XR-Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzle. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.8 liter/ha) at 35 psi (242 kPa). Adios, a cucurbitacin bait treatment, contained 13% carbaryl. Treatments for the first trial were applied 3 Jun. Percent infestation and insect counts were taken 4 Jun (1 DAT), 6 Jun (3 DAT), and 11 Jun (8 DAT). Treatments for the second trial were applied once, 16 Jun. Percent infestation and insect counts were taken 17 Jun (1 DAT), 20 Jun (4 DAT), and 24 Jun (8 DAT). For each study, SCB was the dominant insect pest, with only a low-level population of spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, present in the field. Count and percentage data were transformed by Vx + 0.5 and arcsin (x), respectively.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Squash Vine Borer Control on Summer Squash, 1993
Authors: Boucher J. , Adams R. , Nixon G. , Clark J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Early Prolific Straightneck’ summer squash were direct seeded 8 Jun, in Storrs, Connecticut. Weed control consisted of the stale-seed-bed technique, using paraquat as a pre plant spray, supplemented by hand and mechanical cultivation. Bravo 720 was applied weekly between 30 Jul and 8 Sep along with four biweekly applications of Benlate 50W. Plots consisted of 12 plants in a single, 24 ft long row, with two ft between plants. Rows were spaced four ft apart. An unsprayed guard-row separated each plot. Seven treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted ol an unsprayed control and applications of Ambush, Asana, Malathion, Methoxychlor, Rotenone and Thiodan on 16, 23, and 30 Jul and 6 Aug. Plots were either sprayed from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 30 psi with 40 gallons of water/acre or treated with a hand-cranked duster. On 23 Aug, aphids were counted on two leaves from five plants per plot. Five plants from each plot were dissected on 25 and 26 Aug and SVB larvae were counted. Fruit from five plants per plot were harvested, counted and weighed every three to four days from 19 Jul through 23 Sep.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1994
Authors: Spomer Stephen M. , Higley Leon G. , Foster John E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 4-yr-old stand during the second alfalfa growth period at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, NE. Plots were 20 × 30 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a RCBD. Treatments were applied 21 Jun with a Solo 425 backpack sprayer, which delivered approximately 1 liter/min. Each plot received about 3.25 liters of water along with the treatment. Alfalfa height at application was 56 cm. Rainfall amounts during the sampling period were measurable on 22 Jun (2.5 cm) and 23 Jun (6.6 cm). Plots were sampled 0 (pretreatment), 1, 7, and 13 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net (stratified by date). Samples were frozen for later evaluation.
Acaricide Evaluation, 1994
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Myers Isabelle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 2.1 acre block of 9-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. The trees measured 11.5 ft in height and 10 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 12 × 18 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single 0.35 acre plot (8 rows × 9 trees/row) for each treatment. Acaricides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Captan, Ethrel, Guthion, Kocide, Lorsban, Nova, Penncap-M, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Streptomycin, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by counting pests on the periphery of 4 trees in the center two rows of each plot. ERM control was determined by sampling 25 leaves per tree, removing mites with a mitebrushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Effect of treatments against RLH and WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. Control of STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed on each tree during a 5 min period.
Western Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1994
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Nineteen insecticides were applied for control of WCR larvae in no-till and conventional tillage corn. The test plot was planted in a continuous corn field on the UK Spindletop Research Farm on 11 May in a RBD with 3 replicates of no-till and conventional tillage. Individual plots consisted of single rows, 12 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. All plots received Beacon 75WDG (0.0313 lb [AI]/acre) on 24 May. All insecticide treatments were applied at planting except Furadan 4F broadcasted and banded, which were applied on 24 May. Plant stand counts and numbers of plants cut by cutworms were recorded on 26 May. Numbers of lodged plants per plot was recorded 28 Jun. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was less than 45°. Root damage ratings were evaluated on 6 Jul by examining 3 plants per plot using the Iowa 1-6 system. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatments means compared to that of the control by Dunnett’s (SAS Institute).
Preplant-Incorporated Insecticide Treatments to Manage Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in Eastern South Dakota, 1994
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Jensen J. M. , Thompson D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cornfields were chosen at Aurora and Cavour South Dakota based on corn rootworm egg and adult surveys. Therefore, offering the potential for significant larval pressures during this study. The experiment was conducted to compare efficacy of preplant-incorporation (PPI) with traditional planting-time insecticide application methods (banded or in-furrow) for controlling rootworm larvae. The PPI treatments were applied using a hand-held spray boom equipped with 4 Teejet 8002 nozzles spaced 46 cm apart. Delivery rate was 20 gpa at 25 psi while travelling at 3 mph. Immediately following liquid applications, the soil was tilled with a tandem disk harrow at a 5 to 8 cm depth for insecticide incorporation. Granular materials were applied using Noble metering units on an adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter using band or in-furrow insecticide placement methods. Metering units were calibrated on the planter prior to insecticide applications. Treatment plots (15.25 m long rows spaced 96.5 cm apart) were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Band treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow applications consisted of directing granules immediately between double-disk furrow openers. Pioneer TR-3751’ (100-day) corn seed was planted at approximately 23,000 kernels per acre at each location. Five roots per replicate were dug, washed, examined for feeding damage and rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure, and means were compared using DMRT.
Planting-Time and Rescue Applications of Furadan 4F for Control of Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1994
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Jenson J. M. , Thompson D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cornfields located near Aurora, Cavour, and Garretson in central and east-central SD were chosen for this study. The experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of traditional (banded or in-furrow) planting-time insecticide application methods with cultivation-time rescue treatments for controlling corn rootworm larvae. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 15.2-m long rows spaced 96.5 cm apart. Pioneer IR-3751 (100-day) corn seed was planted at approximately 23,000 kernels per acre at each location. Planting-time granular formulations were applied using Noble metering units mounted on a specially-adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter, and all units were calibrated on the planter prior to insecticide applications. Banded granular treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. All planting-time applications (banded and in-furrow) consisted of directing insecticides immediately between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Post-emergence banded applications of Furadan 4F were placed over the row in 18- to 20-cm swaths using a single-nozzle (Teejet 8003 flat fan) boom. Broadcast ("Broad") liquid treatments were applied with a 1.8-m boom-equipped with 4 Teejet 8003 flat fan nozzles spaced 46 cm apart. Liquid formulations (planting-time and post-emergence rescue) were applied using a CO2-powered canister spray system calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 3 mph. All post-emergence treatments were applied at cultivation time, and those that received cultivation following application were incorporated using a 2-row John Deere cultivator. Five roots per replicate were dug, washed, examined for feeding damage and rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.