bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron cyclotron heating can drastically alter reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode activity in DIII-D through finite pressure effects
Authors: Van Zeeland M.A. , Heidbrink W.W. , Sharapov S.E. , Spong D. , Cappa A. , Chen Xi , Collins C. , García-Muñoz M. , Gorelenkov N.N. , Kramer G.J. , Lauber P. , Lin Z. , Petty C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A recent DIII-D experiment investigating the impact of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) on neutral beam driven reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) activity is presented. The experiment includes variations of ECH injection location and timing, current ramp rate, beam injection geometry (on/off-axis), and neutral beam power. Essentially all variations carried out in this experiment were observed to change the impact of ECH on AE activity significantly. In some cases, RSAEs were observed to be enhanced with ECH near the off-axis minimum in magnetic safety factor (

q

min

), in contrast to the original DIII-D experiments where the modes were absent when ECH was deposited near

q

min

. It is found that during intervals when the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) frequency at

q

min

is elevated and the calculated RSAE minimum frequency, including contributions from thermal plasma gradients, is very near or above the nominal TAE frequency (f
TAE), RSAE activity is not observed or RSAEs with a much reduced frequency sweep range are found. This condition is primarily brought about by ECH modification of the local electron temperature (T
e) which can raise both the local T
e at

q

min

as well as its gradient. A q-evolution model that incorporates this reduction in RSAE frequency sweep range is in agreement with the observed spectra and appears to capture the relative balance of TAE or RSAE-like modes throughout the current ramp phase of over 38 DIII-D discharges. Detailed ideal MHD calculations using the NOVA code show both modification of plasma pressure and pressure gradient at

q

min

play an important role in modifying the RSAE activity. Analysis of the ECH injection near the

q

min

case where no frequency sweeping RSAEs are observed shows the typical RSAE is no longer an eigenmode of the system. What remains is an eigenmode with poloidal harmonic content reminiscent of the standard RSAE, but absent of the typical frequency sweeping behavior. The remaining eigenmode is also often strongly coupled to gap TAEs. Analysis with the non-perturbative gyro fluid code TAEFL confirms this change in RSAE activity and also shows a large drop in the resultant mode growth rates.
The behavior of runaway current in massive gas injection fast shutdown plasmas in J-TEXT
Authors: Chen Z.Y. , Huang D.W. , Luo Y.H. , Tang Y. , Dong Y.B. , Zeng L. , Tong R.H. , Wang S.Y. , Wei Y.N. , Wang X.H. , Jian X. , Li J.C. , Zhang X.Q. , Rao B. , Yan W. , Ma T.K. , Hu Q.M. , Yang Z.J. , Gao L. , Ding Y.H. , Wang Z.J. , Zhang M. , Zhuang G. , Pan Y. , Jiang Z.H. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Runaway currents following disruptions have an important effect on the first wall in current tokamaks and will be more severe in next generation tokamaks. The behavior of runaway currents in massive gas injection (MGI) induced disruptions have been investigated in the J-TEXT tokamak. The cold front induced by the gas jet penetrates helically along field lines, preferentially toward the high field side and stops at a location near the q  =  2 surface before the disruption. When the cold front reaches the q  =  2 surface it initiates magnetohydrodynamic activities and results in disruption. It is found that the MGI of He or Ne results in runaway free shutdown in a large range of gas injections. Mixture injection of He and Ar (90% He and 10%Ar) consistently results in runaway free shutdown. A moderate amount of Ar injection could produce significant runaway current. The maximum runaway energy in the runaway plateau is estimated using a simplified model which neglects the drag forces and other energy loss mechanisms. The maximum runaway energy increases with decreasing runaway current. Imaging of the runaway beam using a soft x-ray array during the runaway current plateau indicates that the runaway beam is located in the center of the plasma. Resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is applied to reduce the runaway current successfully during the disruption phase in a small scale tokamak, J-TEXT. When the runaway current builds up, the application of RMP cannot decouple the runaway beam due to the lower sensitivity of the energetic runaway electrons to the magnetic perturbation.
On the absolutely continuous component of a weak limit of measures on ℝ supported on discrete sets
Authors: Gordon Alexander 
Published: July 2016

Let

μ
1

,

μ
2

,
…

\mu _1,\mu _2,\ldots

be a sequence of positive Borel measures on

R

\mathbb {R}

each of which is supported on a set having no finite limit points. Suppose the sequence

μ
n

\mu _n

weakly converges to a Borel measure

ν
\nu

. Let

ν

a
c

\nu _{\mathrm {ac}}

be the absolutely continuous component of

ν
\nu

, and

X
⊂

R

X\subset \mathbb {R}

the essential support of

ν

a
c

\nu _{\mathrm {ac}}

. We characterize the set

X
X

in terms of the limiting behavior of the Hilbert transforms of the measures

μ
n

\mu _n

. Potential applications include those in spectral theory.
DNA damage response as a therapeutic target in gynecological cancers
Authors: Leary Alexandra , Auguste Aurelie , Mesnage Soizick 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
The proven activity of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA-mutated homologous recombination deficient (HRD) ovarian cancer has led to the availability to patients with ovarian cancer of the first targeted therapy with an associated predictive biomarker. Our focus has recently turned towards expanding the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA mutated ovarian cancer, and to a search for novel targets within DNA damage response (DDR).

Recent findings
Early trials in unselected patients with ovarian cancer showed responses to PARP inhibition in BRCA-wildtype ovarian cancer, and recent genomic studies have demonstrated that germline or somatic aberrations in other homologous recombination genes are present in a significant proportion of ovarian cancers. In addition, PARP inhibition may be of value in molecularly defined subsets of endometrial or cervical cancers. Novel DDR inhibitors such as ATR, ATM, WEE1 or DNA-PK inhibitors are also being tested in patients. Finally, combinatorial strategies of DDR inhibitors with antiangiogenic agents, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors or immunotherapies may further increase therapeutic efficacy.

Summary
In the future, patients with gynaecological malignancies may be rationally selected for PARP inhibition on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of homologous recombination genomic alterations, or HRD assays. Furthermore, novel DDR inhibitors have the potential to expand the repertoire of therapeutic options available to these patients.
Primary Cutaneous Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nguyen Catherine M. , Cassarino David 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is a rare tumor of spindle to ovoid cells intermixed with lymphocytes and plasma cells. Primary cutaneous IDCS, with no nodal or other organ involvement is extremely rare, with less than 10 cases reported to date. Herein, the authors describe a case in which a 61-year-old man presented with scattered subcutaneous nodules on his left shoulder and right anterior thigh. A biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic findings revealed prominent, diffuse superficial, and deep dermal infiltration by an atypical epithelioid-shaped tumor forming sheets and cords infiltrating throughout the dermis. Immunohistochemical stains were strongly and diffusely positive for S100, CD45, CD68, and lysozyme, whereas CD21, CD23, CD3, CD20, CD30, CD34, and CD117 were all negative. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with an IDCS. A positron emission tomography scan was negative for metastases, leading to the diagnosis of primary cutaneous IDCS. The patient was started on chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel, and was stable at 4 months follow-up. Our findings contribute to the limited existing literature on primary cutaneous IDCS. This is the first documented case in which chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel was implemented for treatment, helping to establish an optimal treatment protocol for clinical remission.
Primary vaginal dilation for vaginal agenesis: strategies to anticipate challenges and optimize outcomes
Authors: Oelschlager Anne-Marie Amies , Debiec Katherine , Appelbaum Heather 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Primary vaginal dilation is patient controlled, safe, less painful, and much lower cost compared with operative vaginoplasty and is considered first-line treatment for vaginal agenesis for women with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome and androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Recent findings
This review will highlight studies that assess the optimal methods of primary vaginal dilation and clarify ideal counseling, frequency of dilation, management of side-effects, and long-term physical and psychological outcomes.

Summary
Providers who care for women with vaginal agenesis should be prepared to not only teach the technical skill of dilation, but also to assess readiness and troubleshoot symptoms associated with dilation.
Breast Augmentation and Breast Reconstruction Demonstrate Equivalent Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Rochlin Danielle H. , Davis Christopher R. , Nguyen Dung H. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
There is a perception that cosmetic breast surgery has more favorable aesthetic outcomes than reconstructive breast surgery. We tested this hypothesis by comparing aesthetic outcomes after breast augmentation and reconstruction.

Methods:
Postoperative images of 10 patients (cosmetic, n = 4; reconstructive, n = 6; mean follow-up, 27 months) were presented anonymously to participants who were blinded to clinical details. Participants were asked if they believed cosmetic or reconstructive surgery had been performed. Aesthetic outcome measures were quantified: (1) natural appearance, (2) size, (3) contour, (4) symmetry, (5) position of breasts, (6) position of nipples, (7) scars (1 = poor and 4 = excellent). Images were ranked from 1 (most aesthetic) to 10 (least aesthetic). Analyses included two-tailed t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and χ2 tests.

Results:
One thousand eighty-five images were quantified from 110 surveys (99% response rate). The accuracy of identifying cosmetic or reconstructive surgery was 55% and 59%, respectively (P = 0.18). Significantly more of the top 3 aesthetic cases were reconstructive (51% vs 49%; P = 0.03). Despite this, cases perceived to be reconstructive were ranked significantly lower (5.9 vs 5.0; P < 0.0001). Mean aesthetic outcomes were equivalent regardless of surgery for 5 categories (P > 0.05), with the exception of breast position that improved after reconstruction (2.9 vs 2.7; P = 0.009) and scars that were more favorable after augmentation (2.9 vs 3.1; P < 0.0001). Age and nipple position (R
2 = 0.04; P = 0.03) was the only association between a demographic factor and aesthetic outcome.

Conclusions:
Aesthetic outcomes after cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery are broadly equivalent, though preconceptions influence aesthetic opinion. Plastic surgeons' mutually inclusive–reconstructive and aesthetic skill set maximizes aesthetic outcomes.
The Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury Among People With Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: McHugo Gregory J. , Krassenbaum Sarah , Donley Sachiko , Corrigan John D. , Bogner Jennifer , Drake Robert E. 
Published: July 2016

Objective:
To estimate the rate and severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among people with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders and to compare demographic, diagnostic, and institutionalization differences between those who screen positive or negative.

Setting:
Outpatient community mental health center in Washington, District of Columbia.

Participants:
A total of 295 people with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders enrolled in a prospective study of integrated treatment of substance abuse.

Design:
Cross-sectional baseline assessment.

Main Measures:
The Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. Standardized measures assessed psychiatric diagnoses, symptom severity, current and lifetime substance use, and history of institutionalization.

Results:
Eighty percent screened positive for TBI, and 25% reported at least 1 moderate or severe TBI. TBI was associated with current alcohol use and psychiatric symptom severity and with lifetime institutionalization and homelessness. It was more common among participants with posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Men (vs women) and participants with psychotic disorders (vs those with mood disorders) had an earlier age of first TBI with loss of consciousness.

Conclusion:
TBI is common among people with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. Repeated and serious TBIs are common in this population. Failure to detect TBI in people with co-occurring disorders who are seeking integrated treatment could lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriately targeted treatment and rehabilitation.
Maternal Hemorrhage Quality Improvement Collaborative Lessons
Authors: Lyndon Audrey , Cape Valerie 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe user experience with implementation of an obstetric hemorrhage toolkit and determine the degree of implementation of recommended practices that occurred during a 31-hospital quality improvement learning collaborative.

Study Design and Methods:
This descriptive qualitative study included semistructured interviews with 22 implementation team leaders and review of transcripts from collaborative reporting calls recorded during the hemorrhage collaborative. Interviews included open-ended, closed, and ranking questions. Numeric responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses and call transcripts were analyzed thematically.

Results:
Each of the 10 core toolkit components was ranked as currently “implemented” or “implemented and sustained” by at least 77% of interviewees. Most core elements were deemed “critical to retain.” Respondents found debriefing the most difficult element of the toolkit to implement and sustain. Organizational context was the overarching theme regarding factors facilitating or constraining implementation. This included organizational structure and culture, previous experience with quality improvement, resources, and clinician engagement. Nurses were deeply involved in implementation and “physician buy-in” was a frequently mentioned facilitator when present and barrier when absent.

Clinical Implications:
Greater understanding of and attention to organizational context and resources, greater appreciation for nursing involvement, and increased recognition of the role of organizational leadership are needed to facilitate widespread improvement initiatives in maternity care. Implementation science approaches may be useful in achieving national goals for maternal quality improvement and safety.
Pilot Study of a Telehealth-Delivered Medication-Augmented Exposure Therapy Protocol for PTSD
Authors: Olden Megan , Wyka Katarzyna , Cukor Judith , Peskin Melissa , Altemus Margaret , Lee Francis S. , Finkelstein-Fox Lucy , Rabinowitz Terry , Difede JoAnn 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious condition, with certain occupations at increased risk due to greater trauma exposure. These same individuals face multiple barriers to care. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of conducting a research trial with exposure therapy delivered via videoconferencing. Eleven adults working in occupations at risk with PTSD enrolled and seven completed 12 to 15 sessions. Individuals were randomized to receive the cognitive enhancer d-cycloserine or placebo, and participants provided saliva samples for genetic analysis. Treatment completers demonstrated decreases in PTSD and depressive symptomatology (measured by CAPS [p < 0.001, d = 2.79] and BDI-II [p = 0.004, d = 0.92]). Participants reported high therapeutic alliance, treatment satisfaction, and telehealth satisfaction. There were no significant technical, medication, or safety issues, and no clinical emergencies. The results suggest that it may be feasible to conduct clinical research using telehealth for PTSD and to use telehealth to increase access to care.
Just Scan It!—Weapon Reconstruction in Computed Tomography on Historical and Current Swiss Military Guns
Authors: Franckenberg Sabine , Binder Thomas , Bolliger Stephan , Thali Michael J. , Ross Steffen G. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography, has been increasingly implemented in both historic and recent postmortem forensic investigations. It aids in determining cause and manner of death as well as in correlating injuries to possible weapons. This study illuminates the feasibility of reconstructing guns in computed tomography and gives a distinct overview of historic and recent Swiss Army guns.
CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of aDMR6ortholog in tomato confers broad-spectrum disease resistance
Authors: Paula de Toledo Thomazella Daniela , Brail Quinton , Dahlbeck Douglas , Staskawicz Brian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPathogenic microbes are responsible for severe production losses in crops worldwide. The use of disease resistant crop varieties can be a sustainable approach to meet the food demand of the world’s growing population. However, classical plant breeding is usually laborious and time-consuming, thus hampering efficient improvement of many crops. With the advent of genome editing technologies, in particular the CRISPR-Cas9 (clusteredregularlyinterspacedshortpalindromicrepeats-Cas9) system, we are now able to introduce improved crop traits in a rapid and efficient manner. In this work, we genome edited durable disease resistance in tomato by modifying a specific gene associated with disease resistance. Recently, it was demonstrated that inactivation of a single gene calledDMR6(downy mildew resistance 6) confers resistance to several pathogens inArabidopsis thaliana. This gene is specifically up-regulated during pathogen infection, and mutations in thedmr6gene results in increased salicylic acid levels. The tomatoSlDMR6-1orthologue Solyc03g080190 is also up-regulated during infection byPseudomonas syringaepv.tomatoandPhytophthora capsici. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we generated tomato plants with small deletions in theSlDMR6-1gene that result in frameshift and premature truncation of the protein. Remarkably, these mutants do not have significant detrimental effects in terms of growth and development under greenhouse conditions and show disease resistance against different pathogens, includingP. syringae,P. capsiciandXanthomonasspp.
Comparison of aggregation methods for multiphenotype exomic variant prioritization
Authors: Sifrim Alejandro , Popovic Dusan , Vermeesch Joris R. , Aerts Jan , De Moor Bart , Moreau Yves 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe identification of disease-causing genes in Mendelian disorders has been facilitated by the detection of rare disease-causing variation through exome sequencing experiments. These studies rely on population databases to filter a majority of the putatively neutral variation in the genome and additional filtering steps using either cohorts of diseased individuals or familial information to narrow down the list of candidate variants. Recently, new computational methods have been proposed to prioritize variants by scoring them not only based on their potential impact on protein function but also on their relevance given the available information on the disease under study. Usually these diseases comprise several phenotypic presentations, which are separately prioritized and then aggregated into a global score. In this study we compare several simple (e.g. maximum and mean score) and more complex aggregation methods (e.g. order statistics, parametric modeling) in order to obtain the best possible prioritization performance. We show that all methods perform reasonably well (median rank below 20 out of more than 8000 variants) and that the selection of an optimal aggregation method depends strongly on the fraction of uninformative phenotypes. Finally, we propose guidelines as to how to select an appropriate aggregation method based on knowledge of the phenotype under study.
SPIKE1 Activates ROP GTPase to Modulate Petal Growth and Shape
Authors: Ren Huibo , Dang Xie , Yang Yanqiu , Huang Dingquan , Liu Mengting , Gao Xiaowei , Lin Deshu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Plant organ growth and final shape rely on cell proliferation and, particularly, on cell expansion that largely determines the visible growth of plant organs. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) petals serve as an excellent model for dissecting the coordinated regulation of patterns of cell expansion and organ growth, but the molecular signaling mechanisms underlying this regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that during the late petal development stages, SPIKE1 (SPK1), encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, activates Rho of Plants (ROP) GTPase proteins (ROP2, ROP4, and ROP6) to affect anisotropic expansion of epidermal cells in both petal blades and claws, thereby affecting anisotropic growth of the petal and the final characteristic organ shape. The petals of SPK1 knockdown mutants were significantly longer but narrower than those of the wild type, associated with increased anisotropic expansion of epidermal cells at late development stages. In addition, ROP2, ROP4, and ROP6 are activated by SPK1 to promote the isotropic organization of cortical microtubule arrays and thus inhibit anisotropic growth in the petal. Both knockdown of SPK1 and multiple rop mutants caused highly ordered cortical microtubule arrays that were transversely oriented relative to the axis of cell elongation after development stage 11. Taken together, our results suggest a SPK1-ROP-dependent signaling module that influences anisotropic growth in the petal and defines the final organ shape.
The effect of CSR on consumer behavioral responses after service failure and recovery
Authors: Fatma Mobin , Khan Imran , Rahman Zillur 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the interconnection between the consumer perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its effect on the post-recovery satisfaction and loyalty after service failures.Design/methodology/approachAn intercept survey has been conducted during June to August, 2015, in the Delhi NCR area of India. The respondent to the survey includes the hotel customers who have experienced the service failure in the previous one year. The convenience sampling method has been used with the structured questionnaire. To test the proposed model, structural equation modeling is applied.FindingsThe finding of the present study provides the empirical evidence of the existence of a relationship between perceived CSR and customer post-recovery satisfaction and loyalty influenced by trust.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study has suffered from the recall biases in the survey data. Although the responses were gathered from respondents on the basis of their actual service recovery experience in the preceding year, recall bias may have influenced the responses. The present study highlights a salient role of CSR initiatives, wherein managers can understand the influence of perceived in CSR and analyze the service recover encounters and ensure that recovery process improves the customer perception of CSR.Originality/valueThis study reinforces the significance of consumer perceived CSR and its effect on post-recovery satisfaction and loyalty after service failures.