bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of foreign direct investment on urban-rural income inequality
Authors: Chen Chunlai 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on urban-rural income inequality in China.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the provincial-level panel data and employs the fixed-effects instrumental variable regression technique to investigate empirically the impact of FDI on urban-rural income inequality in China.

Findings
The study finds that while FDI has directly contributed to reducing urban-rural income inequality through employment creation, knowledge spillovers and contribution to economic growth, FDI has also contributed to increasing urban-rural income inequality through international trade.

Practical implications
The study has some policy implications. First, as the study finds that FDI not only contributes to reducing urban-rural income inequality through employment creation, knowledge spillovers and contribution to economic growth, but also contributes to increasing urban-rural income inequality through international trade, therefore, apart from improving local economic and technological conditions to attract more FDI inflows, China should re-design FDI policies by shifting away from encouraging export-oriented FDI to encouraging FDI flows into the industries and sectors in line with China’s overall economic structural adjustments and industrial upgrading. Second, policies should focus on increasing investment in infrastructure development and in public education, which not only can reduce urban-rural income inequality but also can attract more FDI inflows. And finally policies should be designed to accelerate urbanisation development by focusing on urban-rural integrated development, household registration system reform and proper settlement of rural migrants in urban areas, thus reducing urban-rural income inequality.

Originality/value
The paper makes two major contributions to the literature. First, the paper adopts the fixed-effects instrumental variable regression technique to deal with the endogeneity issues in estimating the impact of FDI on urban-rural income inequality, producing more consistent estimates. Second, the paper investigates not only the direct impact of FDI on urban-rural income inequality through the effects of employment creation, knowledge spillovers and contribution to economic growth, but also the indirect impact of FDI on urban-rural income inequality through its activities in international trade, adding new empirical evidence to the sparse literature on the impact of FDI on income inequality in China.
China’s outward FDI efficiency along the Belt and Road
Authors: Fan Zhaobin , Zhang Ruohan , Liu Xiaotong , Pan Lin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the China’s outward FDI efficiency and it determinants in 69 countries along the Belt and Road over the period of 2003-2013.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper defines the extent of the Belt and Road in terms of geographical boundaries, justifying the application of the stochastic frontier gravity model to the FDI analysis, and then constructing a frontier regression model to assess the China’s outward FDI efficiency and it determinants in countries along the Belt and Road.

Findings
Regarding the core gravity parameter estimates, China’s outward FDI was highly consistent with the gravity model. As far as policy parameters are concerned, China’s outward FDI was significantly restricted by some man-made barriers in host countries. According to the estimated FDI efficiency scores, China has huge outward FDI potential in countries along the Belt and Road. In general, China’s outward FDI efficiency demonstrated a consistent uptrend from the perspectives of both FDI flows and stocks over the period of 2003-2013. Although China’s outward FDI performance indicated a very uneven pattern across different countries and periods, there were no significant performance differences between the Road and Belt.

Practical implications
The Belt and Road initiative can be largely beneficial to China’s outward FDI, but the specific framework of cooperation should be designed on the basis of determinants of China’s outward FDI. The regional cooperation with the Road countries should mainly focus on the removal of business barriers and financial barriers. The regional cooperation with the Belt countries should mainly concern the improvement of local intellectual property protection, the reduction of local tax burden, and removal of business barriers and financial barriers.

Originality/value
To the authors’ best knowledge, no existing literature has specifically examined the efficiency of China’s outward FDI in the countries along the Belt and Road and its determinants.
Police body worn cameras: a mixed method approach assessing perceptions of efficacy
Authors: Pelfrey Jr William V. , Keener Steven 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The importance of body-worn cameras (BWC) in policing cannot be overstated. This is not a hyperbolic statement – use of force incidents in Ferguson and Baltimore, the ensuing riots, coupled with critical long term implications for police community relations demonstrate the need for BWC data. Few studies have been published on the use of BWCs and little is known about officer perceptions, administrator decision making, and agency use of BWC data. No published studies incorporate qualitative data, which lends important context and depth, in the interpretation of officer survey data. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study presents a mixed-method study of a large university police agency prior to full implementation of BWC. A survey of patrol officers and supervisors, using a census approach with near full participation, coupled with focus group interviews, produced data on perceptions, concerns, and expectations of full BWC implementation.

Findings
Findings point to officer concerns regarding the utilization of BWC data and administrative expectations regarding complaint reduction and officer assessment.

Originality/value
Important implications regarding training and policy are presented. BWC data represent an important tool for agency decision makers but have numerous potential negative uses. Understanding officer concerns juxtaposed with administrator expectations, through both survey and qualitative data, advance the knowledge on BWC.
Challenges to implement innovative ideas and practices
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rumki 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the key challenges related to innovation in the hospitality industry specific to the ITC Welcome Group’s Fortune Park Centre Point, Jamshedpur. This paper also presents possible solutions to these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a semi-structured interview with the General Manager, ITC Welcome Group’s Fortune Park Centre Point, Jamshedpur. The purpose was to explore an open-ended strategic question: what are the key challenges in the implementation of innovative ideas and practices in the hospitality industry? And what are the ways to improve the innovation processes in the hospitality industry?

Findings
The paper provides valuable information on hotel management and operations and outlines innovative solutions to key challenges in Fortune Park Centre Point, Jamshedpur.

Practical implications
The paper highlights the operative approaches to key challenges, especially the tailor-made training and philosophy for overcoming workforce barriers.

Originality/value
The paper draws on practitioner perspectives and observations to explain how Fortune Park Centre Point, Jamshedpur, secures operational success. This paper will be of interest to practitioners, educators, researchers, industry leaders and students.
The cost competitiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of the hospitality industry in India
Authors: Vij Madhu 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This study aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of the various issues surrounding the concept of the cost competitiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of the hospitality industry. We also investigate how innovations in the Indian hospitality industry can optimize costs without compromising the quality of the product or the services offered.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used is mainly survey-based with the use of both structured and unstructured questionnaires. In addition, some interviews were conducted with policy-makers and academics to explore from their perspectives what might be the innovations and sustainability issues in the next decade.

Findings
The paper helps to identify the essential aspects of cost competitiveness, competitiveness and sustainability in the hospitality industry and to better understand if cost optimization can be accomplished simply by realigning process or cost. These issues have become very important in India in the present context of globalization.

Practical implications
With growing competition on a global level, the hospitality industry needs to proactively manage its internal operations and focus on reducing costs and raising service quality. In this context, the paper helps to reveal sustainable cost effective practices that are geared to today’s competitive environment.

Originality/value
The inspiration to write this paper arises from the recent global economic slowdown and the fact that the hospitality industry is confronted with growing competition on a global level. This study highlights how value can be created for customers by applying suitable strategies.
Customer service innovations in the Indian hospitality industry
Authors: Bharwani Sonia , Mathews David 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The hospitality industry the world over is transforming from a product-focused, physical-asset-intensive business to a customer-focused, experience-centric one. This research aims at evolving a typology of customer-centric hospitality innovations. It attempts to explicitly capture the intrinsic DNA of hospitality innovations in the Indian context by exemplifying the typology posited with customer service innovations adopted by contemporary hoteliers that provide new ways of managing and enhancing customer experience.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on primary research through qualitative interviews conducted with select hospitality professionals, supplemented by secondary research in the form of a review of academic literature, as well as other secondary data sources such as company websites and travel websites which shed light on customer service innovations in the Indian context.

Findings
To develop and sustain competitive advantage, hospitality businesses are increasingly channelizing their efforts to provide innovative and holistic experiential service offerings. Service innovations are being tailored to cater to the unique personal tastes and requirements of hotel guests to connect with individual guests on a personal and emotional level to create memorable hospitality experiences.

Research limitations/implications
Practitioners, researchers and educationists in the hospitality industry would find the implications of this study useful in the context of the present customer-centric business environment where hotels are constantly striving to meet the exponentially rising bar of guest expectations.

Originality/value
The research highlights that it is critical to keep the customers’ perspectives central while designing innovative hospitality products. Further, it is important to create a cadre of innovation champions and service enthusiasts who can engender a culture of service innovation within the organisation.
Integrating gravimetric and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for enhancing reservoir history matching of carbonate gas and volatile oil reservoirs
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Arango Santiago , Sun Shuyu , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTReservoir history matching is assuming a critical role in understanding reservoir characteristics, tracking water fronts, and forecasting production. While production data have been incorporated for matching reservoir production levels and estimating critical reservoir parameters, the sparse spatial nature of this dataset limits the efficiency of the history matching process. Recently, gravimetry techniques have significantly advanced to the point of providing measurement accuracy in the microgal range and consequently can be used for the tracking of gas displacement caused by water influx. While gravity measurements provide information on subsurface density changes, i.e., the composition of the reservoir, these data do only yield marginal information about temporal displacements of oil and inflowing water. We propose to complement gravimetric data with interferometric synthetic aperture radar surface deformation data to exploit the strong pressure deformation relationship for enhancing fluid flow direction forecasts. We have developed an ensemble Kalman‐filter‐based history matching framework for gas, gas condensate, and volatile oil reservoirs, which synergizes time‐lapse gravity and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for improved reservoir management and reservoir forecasts. Based on a dual state–parameter estimation algorithm separating the estimation of static reservoir parameters from the dynamic reservoir parameters, our numerical experiments demonstrate that history matching gravity measurements allow monitoring the density changes caused by oil–gas phase transition and water influx to determine the saturation levels, whereas the interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements help to improve the forecasts of hydrocarbon production and water displacement directions. The reservoir estimates resulting from the dual filtering scheme are on average 20%–40% better than those from the joint estimation scheme, but require about a 30% increase in computational cost.
Multipathing in three‐parameter common‐image gathers from reverse‐time migration
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Qunshan , McMechan George A. , Gonzalez Gladys 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTReverse‐time migration gives high‐quality, complete images by using full‐wave extrapolations. It is thus not subject to important limitations of other migrations that are based on high‐frequency or one‐way approximations. The cross‐correlation imaging condition in two‐dimensional pre‐stack reverse‐time migration of common‐source data explicitly sums the product of the (forward‐propagating) source and (backward‐propagating) receiver wavefields over all image times. The primary contribution at any image point travels a minimum‐time path that has only one (specular) reflection, and it usually corresponds to a local maximum amplitude. All other contributions at the same image point are various types of multipaths, including prismatic multi‐arrivals, free‐surface and internal multiples, converted waves, and all crosstalk noise, which are imaged at later times, and potentially create migration artefacts. A solution that facilitates inclusion of correctly imaged, non‐primary arrivals and removal of the related artefacts, is to save the depth versus incident angle slice at each image time (rather than automatically summing them). This results in a three‐parameter (incident angle, depth, and image time) common‐image volume that integrates, into a single unified representation, attributes that were previously computed by separate processes. The volume can be post‐processed by selecting any desired combination of primary and/or multipath data before stacking over image time. Separate images (with or without artifacts) and various projections can then be produced without having to remigrate the data, providing an efficient tool for optimization of migration images. A numerical example for a simple model shows how primary and prismatic multipath contributions merge into a single incident angle versus image time trajectory. A second example, using synthetic data from the Sigsbee2 model, shows that the contributions to subsalt images of primary and multipath (in this case, turning wave) reflections are different. The primary reflections contain most of the information in regions away from the salt, but both primary and multipath data contribute in the subsalt region.
Sub‐sample time shift and horizontal displacement measurements using phase‐correlation method in time‐lapse seismic
Authors: Tomar Gaurav , Singh Satish C. , Montagner Jean‐Paul 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTHydrocarbon production and fluid injection affect the level of subsurface stress and physical properties of the subsurface, and can cause reservoir‐related issues, such as compaction and subsidence. Monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs is therefore crucial. Time‐lapse seismic is used to monitor reservoirs and provide evidence of saturation and pressure changes within the reservoir. However, relative to background velocities and reflector depths, the time‐lapse changes in velocity and geomechanical properties are typically small between consecutive surveys. These changes can be measured by using apparent displacement between migrated images obtained from recorded data of multiple time‐lapse surveys. Apparent displacement measurements by using the classical cross‐correlation method are poorly resolved. Here, we propose the use of a phase‐correlation method, which has been developed in satellite imaging for sub‐pixel registration of the images, to overcome the limitations of cross‐correlation. Phase correlation provides both vertical and horizontal displacements with a much better resolution. After testing the method on synthetic data, we apply it to a real dataset from the Norne oil field and show that the phase‐correlation method can indeed provide better resolution.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate augments therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in skin wound healing
Authors: Li Min , Xu Jingxing , Shi Tongxin , Yu Haiyang , Bi Jianping , Chen Guanzhi 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn non‐healing wounds, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapies have the potential to activate a series of coordinated cellular processes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, cell migration, proliferation and epidermal terminal differentiation. As pro‐inflammatory reactions play indispensable roles in initiating wound repair, sustained and prolonged inflammation exhibit detrimental effects on skin wound closure. We investigated the feasibility of using an antioxidant agent epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), along with MSCs, to improve wound repair through their immunomodulatory actions. In a rat model of wound healing, a single dose of EGCG at 10 mg/kg increased the efficiency of MSC‐induced skin wound closure. Twenty days after the wound induction, MSC treatment significantly enhanced the epidermal thickness, which was further increased by EGCG administration. Consistently, the highest extent of growth factors upregulation for neovascularization induction was seen in the animals treated by both MSCs and EGCG, associated with a potent anti‐scarring effect throughout the healing process. Finally, expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐6, in the wound area were reduced by MSCs, and this reduction was further potentiated by EGCG co‐administration. EGCG, together with MSCs, can promote skin wound healing likely through their combinational effects in modulating chronic inflammation.
Blunted renal vasoconstriction in patients with subclinical contrast‐induced renal injury
Authors: Kurihara Osamu , Seino Yoshihiko , Shibata Yusaku , Matsushita Masato , Komiyama Hidenori , Kato Katsuhito , Murakami Daisuke , Munakata Ryo , Takano Masamichi , Miyauchi Yasushi , Hata Noritake , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: August 2016

SummaryContrast media are considered to cause acute kidney injury by activating various factors that induce renal vasoconstriction. We analysed the renal microvascular haemodynamic response using the Doppler flow wire method. Then changes in urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein levels following contrast medium administration were compared between groups with or without a micro‐injury of the kidney. In the group without renal micro‐injury, the average peak velocity (APV) decreased significantly, whereas the renal artery resistance index (RI) increased significantly following contrast medium administration. In contrast, there was no significant change in either the APV or RI in the group with a renal micro‐injury. A blunted microvascular response was found in the micro‐injury group, whereas microvascular resistance increased in the non‐micro‐injury group.
Inhibition of CD8+ T cells and elimination of myeloid cells by CD4+ Foxp3− T regulatory type 1 cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Li Guang‐Gang , Cao Ying‐Hua , Run Yue , Xu Ru‐Xiang , Zheng Zhen‐Dong 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAcute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by rapid‐onset bilateral pulmonary inflammation. We therefore investigated the potential role of interleukin (IL)‐10+CD4+ Tr1 cells, a regulatory T cell subset with previously identified immunosuppressive functions, in ARDS patients. We first showed that circulating Tr1 cells were upregulated in active and resolved ARDS patients compared to healthy controls and pneumonia patient controls. A significant fraction of these Tr1 cells expressed granzyme B and perforin, while most Tr1 cells did not express interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), IL‐4, IL‐17 or FOXP3, suggesting that the effector functions of these Tr1 cells were primarily mediated by IL‐10, granzyme B, and perforin. Indeed, Tr1 cells effectively suppressed CD8+ T cell IFN‐γ production and induced lysis of monocytes and dendritic cells in vitro. The elimination of myeloid antigen‐presenting cells depended on granzyme B production. We also discovered that Tr1 cells could be identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from ARDS patients. All these results suggested that Tr1 cells possessed the capacity to downregulate inflammation in ARDS. In support of this, we found that ARDS patients who resolved the inflammation and survived the syndrome contained significantly higher levels of Tr1 cells than ARDS patients who succumbed to the syndrome. Overall, this report added a novel piece of evidence that ARDS could be intervened by regulatory T cell‐mediated suppressive mechanisms.