bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic psychotherapy
Authors: Riordan Daniel 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This paper describes the role forensic psychotherapy has in the assessment and treatment of mentally disordered offender patients, and its role in the supervision of individual therapists, staff groups or whole organisations which contain and manage this patient population. Conclusions: Forensic psychotherapy has a valuable role to play in the management of mentally disordered forensic patients. As forensic services continue to develop in Australia and New Zealand and interest in this field continues to grow, then the future of forensic psychotherapy looks bright.
Effects of Fluvastatin on Hyperlipidemia after Renal Transplantation: Influence of Steroid Therapy
Authors: Austen Jay L , Shifrin Faith A , Bartucci Marilyn R , Knauss Thomas C , Schulak James A , Hricik Donald E 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of fluvastatin in hypercholesterolemic, cyclosporine-treated, renal transplant recipients, and to determine whether concomitant steroid therapy in such patients alters the lipid-lowering effects of fluvastatin. DESIGN: An open-label, prospective, parallel study was performed in 20 cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia defined by a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration greater than 160 mg/dL or a total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration ratio greater than 5.0. Lipid profiles were measured before and 1 month after treatment with fluvastatin 20 mg/d. Lipid profiles in a group of patients receiving concomitant therapy with prednisone (n = 12) were compared with those of patients who had not received steroids for at least 6 months (n = 8). SETTING: The Renal Transplant Clinic at University Hospitals of Cleveland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Treatment failure was defined by LDL concentrations persistently above 160 mg/dL after 1 month of fluvastatin therapy. Safety was assessed clinically and by serial measurements of liver enzymes and creatine Phosphokinase. RESULTS: LDL concentrations decreased significantly in both the steroid-treated and steroid-free groups after 1 month of fluvastatin therapy. There was no significant change in HDL concentrations or serum triglycerides in either group. Treatment failure was more common in patients receiving steroids (4/12 patients) than in steroid-free patients (1/8 patients). After 1 month of therapy, LDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the steroid-free group (126 ± 18 mg/dL) than in the steroid-treated group (147 ± 23 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of myonecrosis in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Low dosages of fluvastatin appear to be safe in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. Steroid-free patients exhibit a response to fluvastatin that is qualitatively similar to that of steroid-treated patients, consisting of a significant decrease in LDL concentrations and no change in HDL or serum triglyceride concentrations.
Potential Interaction between Warfarin and Fluvastatin
Authors: Trilli Lauren E , Kelley Catherine L , Aspinall Sherrie L , Kroner Beverly A 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of a suspected interaction between warfarin and fluvastatin. CASE SUMMARIES: Three patients receiving stable warfarin dosages with therapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs) exhibited increased INRs when fluvastatin was added to their maintenance regimens. While none of the patients experienced a bleeding episode, they did require a reduction in their weekly warfarin dosage to achieve an appropriate level of anticoagulation. DISCUSSION: Reports of an interaction between warfarin and lovastatin have been described previously; however, to our knowledge, this is the first published report of a possible interaction between warfarin and fluvastatin. These cases were chosen because other factors that could potentially increase the INR were ruled out as significant contributors. CONCLUSIONS: The exact mechanism for the potential interaction between warfarin and fluvastatin is unknown. Until more is known, it is advisable to monitor patients more frequently when fluvastatin is initiated, discontinued, or adjusted in patients taking warfarin.
Fluconazole and Amphotericin B for Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Clark Amy B , Lobo Bob L , Gelfand Michael S 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with cryptococcal meningitis treated with the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis who was not infected with HIV was treated with a combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole because she did not respond to amphotericin B alone and could not tolerate amphotericin B with flucytosine. She improved clinically, but it is unclear whether the combination was beneficial. DISCUSSION: Standard therapy for cryptococcal meningitis is amphotericin B with or without flucytosine. Fluconazole is an alternative therapy, but its efficacy has not been documented in the patient population not infected with HIV. Theoretically, the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole is antagonistic, but in vitro and in vivo data suggest that antagonism may not occur. The combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole in cryptococcal meningitis has not been evaluated in clinical trials, and its use is not recommended. CONCLUSIONS: A patient with cryptococcal meningitis was treated with the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole because of a poor response to amphotericin B monotherapy and intolerance to flucytosine. It is unclear whether her clinical response was a result of the combination.
Increased Serum Lithium Concentration Secondary to Treatment with Tiaprofenic Acid and Fosinopril
Authors: Alderman Christopher P , Lindsay Katharine SW 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient in whom the administration of tiaprofenic acid and fosinopril was associated with decreased lithium clearance, resulting in increased serum lithium concentrations. CASE SUMMARY: A woman treated with lithium for bipolar affective disorder was concurrently treated with tiaprofenic acid 200 mg tid for shoulder pain. Previously initiated treatment with fosinopril was maintained during this time. The urinary lithium clearance was decreased during this combination therapy, necessitating a reduction in the lithium dosage. DISCUSSION: Lithium is approximately 80% reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, and the addition of tiaprofenic acid may have resulted in enhanced tubular lithium reabsorption. The possible influence of concurrent fosinopril therapy may also have contributed to altered lithium pharmacokinetics in this case. CONCLUSIONS: Serum lithium concentrations should be monitored if patients taking lithium are treated with tiaprofenic acid.
Acute Myopathy Associated with Combined use of Corticosteroids and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Authors: Fischer Janet R , Baer Rebecca K 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To review the occurrence and pathophysiology of myopathy associated with combined use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and systemic corticosteroids. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1985 to July 1995, English language) yielded case reports and clinical studies involving myopathy or weakness associated with the use of NMBAs and/or corticosteroids. References cited in those articles were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Prolonged muscle weakness has been reported in intubated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who were receiving NMBAs and/or corticosteroids. Many cases involved the use of both agents in individuals with no underlying risk factors. The term “blocking agent—corticosteroid myopathy” (BACM) has been used to describe this myopathy when it develops following combined use of these agents. Features common to BACM include prolonged weakness, elevated creatine kinase concentrations, myopathic features on electromyography, normal nerve conduction and sensation, and reduced deep tendon reflexes. Muscle biopsy results vary, but tend to show type 1 and/or 2 fiber atrophy without inflammation. Some recently reported cases revealed thick myosin myofilament loss, which is consistent with findings in denervated rat muscle after exposure to corticosteroids. Two small prospective studies reported that 36–50% of mechanically ventilated patients receiving either one or both drugs developed prolonged weakness. CONCLUSIONS: NMBAs and corticosteroids alone have both been reported to cause myopathy in patients in the ICU. When coadministered, these agents appear to confer an even greater risk of myopathy; the exact pathology is not understood. Concomitant use of NMBAs and corticosteroids should be avoided if possible. Guidelines for cautious use and careful monitoring are suggested when combined use is deemed necessary.
Do Market Components Account for Higher US Prescription Prices?
Authors: Monaghan Maura J , Monaghan Michael S 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND: Although only 7–8% of US healthcare expenditures are spent on prescription drug products, the pharmaceutical industry's profitability and high cost of prescriptions to consumers make prescription drugs a visible target for reform. When compared with other products, it appears as if unfair pricing tactics are used. The pharmaceutical industry cites costs of research and development and a short patent life as justifiable grounds for high prices, but the reason why US drug prices appear to be so high has yet to be answered. OBJECTIVE: To examine identified components of the pharmaceutical industry that allow US prescription drugs to appear to be highly priced and to review the apparent factors that affect pricing policies for pharmaceuticals. DATA SOURCES: The literature was reviewed to identify current research regarding the pharmaceutical market. Sources included MEDLINE, Econolit, Business Periodical Index, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and the F-D-C Pink Sheet. SUMMARY: Key factors account for the fact that US prescription drug prices are higher and that price discrimination occurs in the pharmaceutical industry within the US and among other countries. These factors include the unique market structure of the pharmaceutical industry, asymmetry of information, research and development costs, numerous channels of distribution and the differences among them, and government laws and regulations of prescription drugs. Pricing policies of pharmaceutical companies are based on manufacturing, promotion, and distribution costs; drug characteristics; and economic goals of the parent company.
Plane Harmonic Waves for Three Thermoelastic Theories
Authors: Haddow J. B. , Wegner J. L. 
Published: January 2017

Plane harmonic thermoelastic waves predicted by two theories, which incorporate second sound effects, are investigated. An isotropic solid is assumed and the theories are linear, consequently the strain is infinitesimal and temperature changes are small compared with the reference temperature. Results from the two theories, for material properties representative of aluminum, are compared with those obtained from the classical theory that has been treated in detail by Chadwick. One purpose of the paper is to investigate the validity of one of the second sound theories, which is based on the Principle of Local State and the Maxwell-Cattaneo relation. This theory violates a consequence of the Clausius-Duhem relation but it is shown that, for the relaxation time considered, this violation is negligible for plane harmonic waves, except for frequencies of order of magnitude of 10 GHz or greater. The relationship between characteristic theory and the theory of plane harmonic waves, for the thermoelastic wave problem, discussed.
Theory/praxis confusion within Irish Liberalism: The curious case of teenage sexuality
Authors: Foley Simon 
Published: January 2017

The contention that non-procreational sex is inherently sinful is a basic tenet of Catholic teaching. From a secular liberal perspective this proposition is inverted. Yet, despite this ideological clash, in 21st century Ireland there exists a unique convergence of views between members of these opposing ideologies when answering the questions as to whether teenagers under 17 should be allowed to control their sexuality and whether it is right to conceive of female teenagers under 17 as less autonomous and less sexual than their male counterparts. Utilizing an ideal type ‘Irish secular liberal’ construction, this article, deploying insights from the Foucauldian framework, problematizes the secular liberal response to a series of related issues revolving around the rights of Irish teenagers to control their sexuality. It argues that the Irish secular liberal regulation of teenage sexuality by reference to the cognitive ability/sexual autonomy discourse is not the product of a reflexive concern with the psychological harm that may ensue if underage teenagers engage in sexual relations. Rather, it advances the theory that such surveillance, both internal and external, is primarily a means through which the responsible heteronormative adult subject position is produced and governed.
Surgical site infection after hand surgery outside the operating theatre: a systematic review
Authors: Jagodzinski N. A. , Ibish S. , Furniss D. 
Published: January 2017

We carried out a systematic review to determine the incidence of infection for hand surgery done in settings other than the operating theatre. Databases were searched and a PRISMA chart created by three independent reviewers. From 1200 studies identified, 46 full text articles were reviewed and six were included (two Level 3 studies and four Level 4). In three studies there were no infections after surgery in an office, procedure room or emergency department. Two studies with a combined number of 1962 procedures reviewed carpal tunnel decompressions and reported identical infection rates of 0.4%. Although the current evidence is of poor quality, it suggests that some types of hand surgery may be done outside the operating theatre without increasing the risk of infection. Level of evidence: IV
Intra-articular comminution worsens outcomes of distal radial fractures treated by open reduction and palmar locking plate fixation
Authors: Yoon J. O. , You S. L. , Kim J. K. 
Published: January 2017

We studied 50 patients with AO type C2 distal radial fractures and 35 with AO type C3 distal radial fractures treated by open reduction and palmar locking plate fixation. At 3-month clinical assessments, mean wrist flexion arcs, grip strengths and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores were significantly better for AO type C2 fractures. At 2-year post-operative clinical assessments, mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores were significantly better for AO type C2 fractures than for AO type C3 fractures. At 2-year radiographic examinations, anterior angulations, ulnar variances and arthritis grades were also significantly better for AO type C2 fractures. This study showed that AO type C3 distal radial fractures, which have intra-articular comminution, had poorer clinical and radiographic outcomes than AO type C2 fractures, despite open reduction and palmar locking plate fixation. Level of evidence: IV
Providing Authentic Leadership Opportunities through Collaboratively Developed Internships: A University-School District Partnership Initiative
Authors: Havard Timothy S. , Morgan Joyce , Patrick Lynne 
Published: January 2017

Programs designed to develop future educational leaders must include practical learning experiences that connect the theoretical content of university coursework with the realities of the K-12 workplace. Internships, which offer a common method of providing these experiences, have been generally lacking in the degree to which aspiring leaders actually ever have a chance to lead. Wilmore (2002) suggests that internships should provide aspiring administrators the opportunities to do the things that real live administrators do each day. If leaders in real schools actually lead, then internships must provide opportunities for their participants to go beyond traditional observational roles and allow for real leadership experiences. Just as other professions prepare their aspiring professionals to actually do the job they are being prepared to do through intensive, authentic residencies and internships, educational leadership programs must similarly provide candidates those same opportunities. Auburn University, through extensive collaboration with its K-12 partner districts, has designed an internship model that will integrate all learning into a set of practical activities that will allow students the opportunity to practice, through real life leadership, those skills they have developed in their academic studies.
Vascularized versus non-vascularized bone grafts in the treatment of scaphoid non-union
Authors: Hirche Christoph , Xiong Lingyun , Heffinger Christian , Münzberg Matthias , Fischer Sebastian , Kneser Ulrich , Kremer Thomas 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Conventional non-vascularized bone grafts as well as vascularized bone grafts are used to treat scaphoid non-union (SN). Due to limited available studies, the field of application using both grafts for SN still remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate a treatment algorithm for the use of both vascularized versus non-vascularized bone grafts based on clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) to improve the level of evidence. Materials and Methods: Based on a retrospective cohort study, including 28 patients with vascularized and 45 patients with conventional bone grafts, functional parameters, radiological outcome, Mayo-wrist-score, and QoL by SF-36 were applied to statistically compare the outcome of these two techniques. Results: Time between last procedure or trauma and study group scaphoid reconstruction was almost double in the vascularized bone grafting group. Comparable union rates were achieved with vascularized as well as non-vascularized bone grafts. Significant differences were observed between both groups for grip strength and radial-ulnar active range of motion. Further functional outcomes, radiological outcomes as well as QoL were found similar for both techniques in patients with surgical union. Discussion and conclusions: In order to achieve comparable and appropriate treatment results, vascularized bone grafts are recommended for patients with delayed treatment, impaired scaphoid vascularity, and revision surgery. Even in preselected, complex cases, the results are comparable to conventional grafts, which are the basis for further patient education and approve the powerful role of surgical angiogenesis of vascularized bone grafts.
Evaluation of arthroscopic training using a porcine knee model
Authors: Kim Hee-June , Kim Dong-Hyun , Kyung Hee-Soo 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic skills training. Methods: A routine diagnostic arthroscopic exercise using a porcine knee was performed. A checklist of 10 tasks was used in the training and the time taken to complete the checklist was evaluated, and the Arthroscopic Surgery Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET) score was used to score the training and evaluate the practice session. A total of 14 residents attended this training, including five first- and second-year residents, five third- and fourth-year residents, and four orthopedic fellows. The ASSET score and time taken to complete the task checklist were evaluated, and the first and third practice sessions were scored to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. Results: The mean ASSET score improved from 21.8 in the first practice session to 24.9 in the third session ( p < 0.001); the time taken to complete the task checklist decreased from 242 s in the first practice session to 207.5 s in the third session ( p < 0.001). The ASSET score and the time taken to complete the task improved in all groups between the first and third practice sessions. The degree of improvement in the ASSET score and the time taken to complete the task checklist between the first and third practice sessions in each group were not statistically different among the groups ( p = 0.857, p = 0.263, respectively). Conclusion: Porcine knees provide good material for residents and young orthopedic surgeons for teaching and training of arthroscopic surgical techniques.
Radiological characteristics of Kienböck’s disease in the Korean population
Authors: Kwak Sang Ho , Lee Ki Ho , Kang Seung-Baik , Lee Hyuk Jin , Baek Goo Hyun 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: In Kienböck’s disease, the wrist displays certain characteristic radiological parameters, which have been reported to differ among countries. In the present study, we aimed to identify specific radiological parameters of the unaffected wrists in patients with unilateral Kienböck’s disease and to determine the extent of the association of each parameter with the disease in Korea. Methods: This retrospective case–control study assessed the radiological parameters of patients with Kienböck’s disease ( n = 53) and controls ( n = 53), who visited our institution between January 2000 and May 2013. Ulnar variance (UV), radial inclination, lunate fossa inclination, lunate diameter, lunate height, lunate tilting angle (LTA), lunate covering index (LCI), and Ståhl index (SI) were measured and analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. Results: We observed that wrists with a high LTA and LCI, and low UV and SI had a tendency to develop Kienböck’s disease. Conclusion: In the Korean population, a high LTA and LCI, and low UV and SI of the unaffected wrists on plain radiography might be associated with Kienböck’s disease. The radiographic characteristics of the unaffected wrists can differ between patients with unilateral Kienböck’s disease and normal individuals.