bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo differentiation of common basal cell carcinoma subtypes by microvascular and structural imaging using dynamic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Themstrup Lotte , De Carvalho Nathalie , Nielsen Sabrina M. , Olsen Jonas , Ciardo Silvana , Schuh Sandra , Nørnberg Birgit M.‐H. , Welzel Julia , Ulrich Martina , Pellacani Giovanni , Jemec Gregor B. E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) influences the choice of treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive imaging tool, and a recent development of an angiographic version of OCT has extended the application of OCT to image the cutaneous microvasculature (so‐called dynamic OCT, D‐OCT). This study explores D‐OCT's ability to differentiate the common BCC subtypes by microvascular and structural imaging. Eighty‐one patients with 98 BCC lesions, consisting of three subtypes: 27 superficial BCC (sBCC), 55 nodular BCC (nBCC) and 16 infiltrative BCC (iBCC) were D‐OCT scanned at three European dermatology centres. Blinded evaluations of microvascular and structural features were performed, followed by extensive statistical analysis of risk ratio (RR) and multiple correspondence analysis. nBCC lesions displayed most characteristic structural and vascular features. Serpiginous vessels, branching vessels, vessels creating a circumscribed figure and sharply demarcated hyporeflective ovoid structures in the dermis were all associated with a higher risk of the subtype being nBCC. The presence of highly present lines and dark peripheral borders at the margin of ovoid structures was negatively associated with iBCC. Lastly, the finding of hyporeflective ovoid structures protruding from epidermis correlated with sBCC. We identified various microvascular and structural D‐OCT features that may aid non‐invasive identification of BCC subtypes. This would allow clinicians to individualize and optimize BCC treatment as well as aid follow‐up of non‐surgical treatment.
Declines in moth populations stress the need for conserving dark nights
Authors: van Langevelde Frank , Braamburg‐Annegarn Marijke , Huigens Martinus E. , Groendijk Rob , Poitevin Olivier , van Deijk Jurriën R. , Ellis Willem N. , van Grunsven Roy H. A. , de Vos Rob , Vos Rutger A. , Franzén Markus , WallisDeVries Michiel F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGiven the global continuous rise, artificial light at night is often considered a driving force behind moth population declines. Although negative effects on individuals have been shown, there is no evidence for effects on population sizes to date. Therefore, we compared population trends of Dutch macromoth fauna over the period 1985–2015 between moth species that differ in phototaxis and adult circadian rhythm. We found that moth species that show positive phototaxis or are nocturnally active have stronger negative population trends than species that are not attracted to light or are diurnal species. Our results indicate that artificial light at night is an important factor in explaining declines in moth populations in regions with high artificial night sky brightness. Our study supports efforts to reduce the impacts of artificial light at night by promoting lamps that do not attract insects and reduce overall levels of illumination in rural areas to reverse declines of moth populations.
Tooth loss and its relationship with protein intake by elderly Brazilians—A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Bomfim Rafael A. , de Souza Luciana B. , Corrente José E. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed at assessing the relationship between self‐perceived tooth loss and wearing dentures, on the one hand, and the consumption of protein, on the other hand, among the elderly population of Botucatu, SP. Food consumption tends to decrease with ageing, especially protein intake, and one of the causes could be the precariousness of oral health. Several risk factors associated with deficient dietary protein intake have been identified, namely greater physical dependence, reduced caloric intake and food insecurity, but no studies have analysed whether tooth loss and prostheses interfere with protein intake.MethodsAn interview was conducted among 365 elderly individuals, in which we examined oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) as the only latent variable, in a 24‐hour nutritional assessment dietary recall repeated 3 times, conducted in person by a trained nutritionist and also performed an analysis of nutritional needs using the Nutrition Data System Research (NDSR) Program.ResultsThe structural equation model, performed using Stata v.14, showed that lack of teeth (standardised coefficient [SC] = 0.21, P < .001), and prosthesis use (SC = −0.21, P < .001) was associated with OHRQoL. Lack of teeth had a direct effect on the consumption of animal protein (SC = 0.08, P = .02), a strong total effect on animal protein intake (SC = 0.51, P = .04) and a medium effect on total protein intake (SC = 0.20, P = .03), adjusted for confounders (depression and medical problems).ConclusionTooth loss had a strong and significant total effect on animal protein intake and a medium effect on total protein intake among elderly Brazilians.
Small Business Social Responsibility: A Critical Multilevel Review, Synthesis and Research Agenda
Authors: Soundararajan Vivek , Jamali Dima , Spence Laura J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSmall‐business social responsibility (SBSR) related research is rapidly increasing in quantity, but is found in divergent literatures and disciplines. It is time to offer a comprehensive review that identifies, synthesizes and integrates previous research, and highlights the knowledge gaps and the way forward. This methodical search of the literature helped to identify 115 multidisciplinary peer‐reviewed academic articles appearing in high‐quality journals over the 1970–2016 period. Using a systematic and in‐depth content analysis technique, the authors reviewed the articles and identified the theories used, the national contextual focus and the methodological orientations in these articles. They also identified the predictors, outcomes, mediators and moderators of SBSR at the institutional, organizational and individual levels of analysis. This review helps to identify significant knowledge gaps in terms of the theoretical orientation, the national contextual focus, the core content under study, and the methods used. The authors offer numerous suggestions across these topics to help address the knowledge gaps and raise important questions for future research. The primary contributions of this paper are: delineating and summarizing a multilevel analysis of an emerging literature on SBSR; integrating contributions from a wide range of management disciplines and geographical contexts; extracting the potential theoretical contributions in this field; and informing directions for future research. The authors propose a research agenda that is theoretically relevant and innovative, and call for context‐ and size‐aware research on SBSR, using small‐business‐specific methodologies and measurements.
Urological laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port surgery: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Narita Mitsuhiro , Kageyama Susumu , Okegawa Takatsugu , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Sato Fuminori , Nakagawa Ken , Habuchi Tomonori , Hoshi Akio , Matsubara Akio , Yoshimura Koji , Terachi Toshiro , Mimata Hiromitsu , Kawauchi Akihiro 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the current status of urological laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port surgery in Japan.MethodsOf the 152 institutions to which councilors of the Japanese Society of Endourology belong, 42 (28%) have carried out laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port surgery. A total of 32 of these institutions agreed to participate in this survey. Patients who had undergone surgery between January 2008 and March 2014 were included in the present study.ResultsOverall, 1145 cases of laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port surgery were recorded during the study period. The most frequent procedures were adrenalectomy and radical nephrectomy. Laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port surgery represented 12% (872/7311) of all laparoscopic procedures carried out at participating institutions. The number of patients who underwent pyeloplasty, donor nephrectomy and simple nephrectomy tended to increase, whereas those who underwent adrenalectomy, radical nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy peaked in 2012, and then tended to decrease in 2013. The rates of conversion, perioperative and postoperative complications, were 2.7%, 2.2% and 4.5%, respectively.ConclusionsThe number of laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port urological surgeries in Japan has increased for benign indications, such as pyeloplasty, donor nephrectomy and simple nephrectomy. In contrast, procedures such as adrenalectomy and radical nephrectomy are trending down after reaching a peak in 2012. Overall, laparoendoscopic single‐site and reduced port urological surgery in Japan is being safely carried out when compared with other reported series of laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery and conventional laparoscopic surgery.
Pricing and quality level decisions of substitutable products in online and traditional selling channels: game‐theoretical approaches
Authors: Taleizadeh Ata Allah , Akhavizadegan Faezeh , Ansarifar Javad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study addresses a pricing problem of two substitutable products in a two‐echelon supply chain including two manufacturers and one retailer. The manufacturers sell their products through two distribution channels, namely traditional and Internet channels. The linear demand functions of products depend on selling prices, service value of channels, and quality level of products. Moreover, various market power structures are considered for the members of the supply chain. This study focuses on the specific game‐theoretical approaches to highlight the effect of market power structures and leadership between firms. The manufacturer–leader Stackelberg (MSS) game, retailer–leader Stackelberg game (RSS), manufacturer‐Bertrand competition (MSB), and retailer‐Bertrand competitions (RSB) are applied to analyze equilibrium solutions. The models help both manufacturers and retailer not only to maximize their profits but also to see the influences of their powers and decisions under different strategies. As a result, the leader has enough power to get higher profit, and the maximum profit of the whole supply chain is affected by the market powers of manufacturers and retailer. The best strategies for the retailer are those that are based on the RS games. The results illustrate that lower price does not lead to lower profit, and more sales does not necessarily result in higher profit. Moreover, the Bertrand strategy considered by the manufacturers to determine their optimal decisions is the best strategy from the customers’ perspective.
Tunable luminescence from bismuth‐doped phosphate laser glass by engineering photonic glass structure
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Cao Jiangkun , Xue Yafei , Tan Linling , Xu Shanhui , Yang Zhongmin , Peng Mingying 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBecause of ultra‐broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission bismuth‐activated glasses and fibers offer a new promising platform for novel photonic devices such as new type of optical amplifiers and broadly tunable fiber lasers. Yet, challenge remains to manipulate the NIR emission behavior of bismuth (Bi) in photonic glasses for efficient Bismuth‐doped fiber and fiber lasers. Here, by engineering phosphorus and aluminum's topology, broadly tunable NIR emission has been realized in Bismuth‐doped phosphate laser glass. Structural and optical analyses on 27Al magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), 31P MAS NMR, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and static emission spectra suggest that polymerization of glass network can be improved by proper addition of aluminum into the system, which can be evidenced by partial conversion of Q2 to Q3 species of phosphorus and the shift of P–O–P asymmetric stretching vibration toward lower frequency, and this turns out beneficial to Bi NIR emission. Embedding aluminum tetrahedra into phosphorus glass network can reduce the local crystal field around bismuth and therefore lead to the blueshift of Bi emission. This work presents new insights into the luminescent behavior of Bi ions in phosphate glass and it helps the design and fabrication of Bismuth‐doped glasses and fibers in future.
CME‐1, a novel polysaccharide, suppresses iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages through ceramide‐initiated protein phosphatase 2A activation
Authors: Sheu Joen‐Rong , Chen Zhih‐Cherng , Hsu Ming‐Jen , Wang Shwu‐Huey , Jung Kuo‐Wei , Wu Wei‐Fan , Pan Szu‐Han , Teng Ruei‐Dun , Yang Chih‐Hao , Hsieh Cheng‐Ying 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCME‐1, a novel water‐soluble polysaccharide purified from Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelia, has anti‐oxidative, antithrombotic and antitumour properties. In this study, other major attributes of CME‐1, namely anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, were investigated. Treating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with CME‐1 concentration‐dependently suppressed nitric oxide formation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In the CME‐1‐treated RAW 264.7 cells, LPS‐induced IκBα degradation and the phosphorylation of p65, Akt and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38, were reduced. Treatment with a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)‐specific inhibitor, significantly reversed the CME‐1‐suppressed iNOS expression; IκBα degradation; and p65, Akt and MAPK phosphorylation. PP2A activity up‐regulation and PP2A demethylation reduction were also observed in the cells. Moreover, CME‐1‐induced PP2A activation and its subsequent suppression of LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 cells were diminished by the inhibition of ceramide signals. LPS‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radical formation were eliminated by treating RAW 264.7 cells with CME‐1. Furthermore, the role of ceramide signalling pathway and anti‐oxidative property were also demonstrated in CME‐1‐mediated inhibition of LPS‐activated primary peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, CME‐1 suppressed iNOS expression by up‐regulating ceramide‐induced PP2A activation and reducing ROS production in LPS‐stimulated macrophages. CME‐1 is a potential therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory diseases.
Thermal convection coefficient in cooling process of lime fruit: Study through the Galerkin finite element method
Authors: Valle‐Guadarrama Salvador , Cruz‐Pérez David , López‐Cruz Irineo L. , Hahn‐Schlam Federico 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCooling is applied to horticultural products to reduce exposition time to inappropriate temperatures. In the present work, a mathematical model was proposed to describe the cooling behavior of lime fruit and to determine the thermal convection coefficient (h) involved. The Galerkin finite element method was used to obtain a numerical solution of the model and results were evaluated by comparing with experimental information. The coefficient h was dependent on fruit position in the cooling system, varied between 3.7 and 100.6 W/m2  °C with air velocity, and results corresponding to forced air were expressed in terms of Nusselt and Reynolds numbers.Practical ApplicationsA methodology was developed to determine the thermal convection coefficient (h) in the cooling process of a horticultural product. The procedure was based on fundamental heat transfer laws that were analyzed through the finite element method; however, it was step by step described and was programmed in the Matlab environment, which allows an easy application to other process conditions.
Computational fluid dynamic study of thermal effects of open doors of refrigerated vehicles
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Han Jia‐Wei , Qian Jian‐Ping , Wang Yi‐Zhong , Wang Lin , Yang Xin‐Ting 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, we use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various door geometries by looking at how open doors of four different door geometries affect the stability of the temperature inside a refrigerated vehicle during unloading. The results show that, with opening D1 and D2, D3 and D4, D1, D4, the temperature increases from 4 °C to 22.34, 22.65, 20.39, and 21.32 °C after 4 min, respectively. The coefficients of temperature variation are .009, .011, .015, and .014, respectively. The volume infiltration flow rates are 2.202, 2.189, 0.983, and 0.961 m3/s, respectively. Comparing the coefficients shows that opening the D1D2 doors does not significantly perturb the temperature of the carriage, and opening the D1 door modifies the temperature less than opening the D4 door. The maximum root‐mean‐square error for volume mean temperature and wind speed is 1.21  °C and 0.27 m/s, respectively.Practical applicationsIn urban cold‐chain delivery and distribution, the main solution to maintain temperature stability on opening the doors is to limit the number of doors and their area relative to the volume of the refrigerated vehicle. As a result, it is very important to optimize the structural design of refrigerated vehicles to reduce energy consumption, enhance temperature stability inside the refrigerated compartment, and ensure the quality and safety of the perishable food stored within. In this study, the evaluation index is used with CFD technology to study how open doors of various sizes and at different locations affect the temperature inside the refrigerated vehicle. This research provides not only a more detailed understanding of flow distribution and temperature variations inside the carriage while opening the door of a refrigerated compartment but also a reliable theoretical basis for optimizing the design of refrigerated vehicles.
Shelf‐life prediction of microencapsulated Β‐galactosidase powder prepared using enteric double‐coating technology
Authors: Ahn Sung‐Il , Kwak Hae‐Soo , Al Mijan Mohammad , Jhoo Jin‐Woo , Kim Gur‐Yoo , Ra Chang‐Six 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we estimated the storage period of enteric double‐microencapsulated lactase (β‐d‐galactosidase) powder used to address lactose intolerance associated with milk. The coating materials were medium‐chain triglyceride for the primary coating, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) and shellac for the secondary enteric coating. The isotherm profiles of the lactase microcapsule powders coated with HPMCP and shellac were type II and III, respectively. Compared with the shellac‐coated microcapsules, the HPMCP‐coated microcapsules showed lower moisture absorption (2.88% versus 38.06% of sample by weight), greater moisture desorption (0% versus 3.78% of sample by weight), and a longer predicted half‐life (27.95 versus 12.25 months). Thus, the storage period of lactase was successfully elongated by microencapsulation, and HPMCP was superior to shellac as an enteric coating material for lactase microencapsulation.Practical applicationsThe lactase microcpasules can be added in milk to prevent lactose intolerance. Also, the moisture sorption profile and storage period prediction of the capsules are expected to establish an efficient storage environment of the microcapsules in mass prodution and distribution of the capsules.
Kinetic study of mass transfer in different parts of Chinese cabbage during brining
Authors: Zhao Chang‐Cheng , Eun Jong‐Bang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn Korea, Chinese cabbage, baechu, is the principal ingredient in kimchi. Salt concentrations in different cabbage leaf parts within the kimchi are typically not uniform, which leads to different degrees of acceptance. Thus, sodium chloride diffusion and texture profiles were determined for the different parts of cabbage leaves (inner, mid, and outer), which were soaked in a 15% salt solution at 25 °C for various times (0–12 hr). Based on Fick's equation, the effective diffusion coefficients of sodium chloride in the inner, mid, and outer leaves were 1.44 × 10−11, 1.38 × 10−11, and 1.33 × 10−11 m2/s, respectively. The texture profiles of the three leaf parts significantly changed as soaking time increased. The inner leaves of baechu showed higher hardness values after brining than the mid or outer leaves. Consequently, the inner leaves are more suitable for brining due to higher effective diffusion values and good textural properties.Practical applicationsKimchi is a Korean fermented vegetable food that are salted, blended with various ingredients. It has been reported salting is a critical step that influences product quality during kimchi processing. While the salt concentration after brining in different cabbage parts usually is not uniform. Thus, in our study, the cabbages were divided into three different parts (inner, mid, and outer), and the sodium chloride diffusion and texture profiles were investigated during brining. The results showed that the inner leaves of cabbage have the highest effective diffusion values and good textural properties. The data from this study would be reveal a practical application worthy of further study in food industries and provide valuable information for improving the quality of kimchi.
Timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in Syrian schoolchildren
Authors: Dashash Mayssoon , Al‐Jazar Noor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the timing and sequence of the eruption of permanent teeth in Syrian schoolchildren.MethodsA total of 1211 children aged 5‐13 years were included. Every permanent tooth was scored according to its clinical stage of eruption. The significance of difference was tested using t test.ResultsThe mean number of erupted teeth in children aged 5‐6 years was 2.41 ± 2.68, and reached to 24.48 ± 3.60 in those ages between 12 and 13 years. Mandibular teeth erupted earlier than maxillary opposing teeth in both sexes, except upper premolars. The eruption significantly proceeded in girls when compared to boys. Differences were significant for numbers 11 (P = .003), 21 (P = .035), 13 (P = .013), 42 (P = .038), 33 (P = .009), and 45 (P = .012). There was no significant difference between contralateral teeth (right and left) in the mean age of eruption in both arches. Lower central incisors and first molars were the earliest teeth to emerge in both sexes. Second molars were the last teeth to emerge in boys (maxilla: 11.68 years, mandible: 11.15 years) and girls (maxilla: 11.2 years, mandible 10.99 years).ConclusionFindings could be used as Syrian standards of eruption when health professionals assess normal occlusion and need to determine the correct timing for preventive or corrective procedures.