bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Xiong Shuyu , Sankaridurg Padmaja , Naduvilath Thomas , Zang Jiajie , Zou Haidong , Zhu Jianfeng , Lv Minzhi , He Xiangui , Xu Xun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOutdoor time is considered to reduce the risk of developing myopia. The purpose is to evaluate the evidence for association between time outdoors and (1) risk of onset of myopia (incident/prevalent myopia); (2) risk of a myopic shift in refractive error and c) risk of progression in myopes only. A systematic review followed by a meta‐analysis and a dose–response analysis of relevant evidence from literature was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant papers. Of the 51 articles with relevant data, 25 were included in the meta‐analysis and dose–response analysis. Twenty‐three of the 25 articles involved children. Risk ratio (RR) for binary variables and weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous variables were conducted. Mantel–Haenszel random‐effects model was used to pool the data for meta‐analysis. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test with I2 ≥ 50% considered to indicate high heterogeneity. Additionally, subgroup analyses (based on participant's age, prevalence of myopia and study type) and sensitivity analyses were conducted. A significant protective effect of outdoor time was found for incident myopia (clinical trials: risk ratio (RR) = 0.536, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.338 to 0.850; longitudinal cohort studies: RR = 0.574, 95% CI = 0.395 to 0.834) and prevalent myopia (cross‐sectional studies: OR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.945 to 0.982). With dose–response analysis, an inverse nonlinear relationship was found with increased time outdoors reducing the risk of incident myopia. Also, pooled results from clinical trials indicated that when outdoor time was used as an intervention, there was a reduced myopic shift of −0.30 D (in both myopes and nonmyopes) compared with the control group (WMD = −0.30, 95% CI = −0.18 to −0.41) after 3 years of follow‐up. However, when only myopes were considered, dose–response analysis did not find a relationship between time outdoors and myopic progression (R2 = 0.00064). Increased time outdoors is effective in preventing the onset of myopia as well as in slowing the myopic shift in refractive error. But paradoxically, outdoor time was not effective in slowing progression in eyes that were already myopic. Further studies evaluating effect of outdoor in various doses and objective measurements of time outdoors may help improve our understanding of the role played by outdoors in onset and management of myopia.
Ethnic Socialization in Neighborhood Contexts: Implications for Ethnic Attitude and Identity Development Among Mexican‐Origin Adolescents
Authors: White Rebecca M. B. , Knight George P. , Jensen Michaeline , Gonzales Nancy A. 
Published: March 2017

Neighborhood Latino ethnic concentration, above and beyond or in combination with mothers' and fathers' ethnic socialization, may have beneficial implications for minority adolescents' ethnic attitude and identity development. These hypotheses, along with two competing hypotheses, were tested prospectively (from = 12.79–15.83 years) in a sample of 733 Mexican‐origin adolescents. Neighborhood ethnic concentration had beneficial implications for ethnic identity processes (i.e., ethnic exploration and perceived peer discrimination) but not for ethnic attitudes. For Mexico‐born adolescents, high maternal ethnic socialization compensated for living in neighborhoods low on ethnic concentration. Findings are discussed vis‐à‐vis the ways in which they address major gaps in the neighborhood effects literature and the ethnic and racial identity development literature.
The vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) as a predictor of functional biomarkers of bone health
Authors: Aloia John , Fazzari Melissa , Shieh Albert , Dhaliwal Ruban , Mikhail Mageda , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Ragolia Lou 
Published: March 2017

SummaryContextThe vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) (serum 24,25(OH)2D3/25(OH)D3) has been proposed as a biomarker of vitamin D sufficiency to replace serum 25(OH)D.ObjectiveTo examine the relationships of 24,25(OH)2D3 and VMR to functional biomarkers of bone health following vitamin D supplementation.SettingAn ambulatory research centre.DesignSerum from a previous research study of dose response of PTH, calcium absorption and bone turnover to vitamin D supplementation was analysed for vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D3).OutcomeThe relationship of serum 24,25(OH)2D3 and VMR to calcium absorption, PTH and bone turnover markers was examined.ResultsAlthough there were strong correlations of serum 25(OH)D with 24,25(OH)2D3 and free 25(OH)D, its correlation with VMR was lower. After vitamin D supplementation, the change in 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D3 and VMR was associated with the change in calcium absorption, PTH and CTX. The correlation of the change in PTH with the change in metabolites was the lowest for VMR. Moreover, estimated dose response for standardized values of vitamin D metabolites showed a beta‐coefficient for VMR that was significantly less in magnitude compared to other metabolites.ConclusionSerum 24,25(OH)2D3 is closely associated with the dose response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. However, the VMR does not appear to be equivalent to either of these metabolites in its response to increasing vitamin D intake or its association with PTH. It is unlikely that VMR will replace 25(OH)D as a biomarker for vitamin D sufficiency.
A retrospective study on 1592 consecutively performed operations in one private referral clinic. Part II: Peri‐implantitis and implant failures
Authors: Jemt Torsten , Karouni Michel , Abitbol Jérémy , Zouiten Ons , Antoun Hadi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew large‐scale follow‐up studies are reported on routine implant treatment.PurposeTo report retrospective data on peri‐implantitis and overall implant failures at one private referral clinic (effectiveness study).Materials and MethodsA total of 1017 patients were consecutively provided with 3082 implants with an anodized surface during 1592 operations between 2000 and 2011. All patients with any of four events of problems were identified; “peri‐implantitis,” “surgery related to peri‐implantitis,” “overall implant failure,” and “late implant failures.” A logistic multivariate analysis was performed to identify possible factors with association to the four events.Results“Lower jaw surgery” (HR = 3.03) and “immediate gingival grafting” at implant surgery (HR = 3.34) were factors with the highest risk associated to the two peri‐implantitis events, respectively. Risk of peri‐implantitis increased by year of inclusion from year 2000 (HR = 1.28). “Overall implant failures” were associated to “smoking” (HR = 2.11), “surgical technique” (highest for direct placement; HR = 1.67), and “type of implant” (NobelActive CC; HR = 2.48). NobelActive CC was more used in upper jaws, using immediate or one‐stage surgery with bone and mucosa grafting procedures than other implants (P < .05). Implants lost after first year only showed an association to “lower jaw” (HR = 2.63) and “early inflammation” (HR = 17.95).ConclusionPeri‐implantitis seem to be associated to surgical protocols more often in the posterior lower jaw in routine practice. The problems seem to increase during the inclusion period, possibly related to increased use of direct implant placement technique and grafting protocols. Early inflammatory problems have in the previous report on the present patient group been associated to the mid‐aged patient. Overall/late implant failures were shown to be associated to earlier inflammatory problems, smoking habits, surgical technique, and treatment in the posterior lower jaw.
The acute muscular response to blood flow‐restricted exercise with very low relative pressure
Authors: Jessee Matthew B. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Buckner Samuel L. , Mouser J. Grant , Counts Brittany R. , Dankel Scott J. , Laurentino Gilberto C. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryTo investigate the acute responses to blood flow‐restricted (BFR) exercise across low, moderate and high relative pressures. Muscle thickness, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and electromyography (EMG) amplitude were assessed following exercise with six different BFR pressures: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 90% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). There were differences between each time point within each condition for muscle thickness, which increased postexercise [+0·47 (0·40, 0·54) cm] and then trended towards baseline. For MVC, higher pressures resulted in greater decrements than lower pressures [e.g. 10% AOP: −20·7 (−15·5, −25·8) Nm versus 90% AOP: −24 (−19·1, −28·9) Nm] postexercise. EMG amplitude increased from the first three repetitions to the last three repetitions within each set. When using a common BFR protocol with 30% 1RM, applying BFR does not seem to augment acute responses over that of exercise alone when exercise is taken to failure.
123I‐MIBG imaging for detection of anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Laursen Adam H. , Thune Jens Jakob , Hutchings Martin , Hasbak Philip , Kjær Andreas , Elming Marie B. , Ripa Rasmus S. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryDue to improvements in early detection and treatment of malignant disease, the population of cancer survivors is constantly expanding. Cancer survivors are faced with chemotherapy‐related long‐term side effects, including irreversible cardiac injury with risk of heart failure (HF). Numerous antineoplastic regimens are associated with risk of cardiac side effects, but anthracyclines in particular carry a severe risk of cardiotoxicity. Currently, serial echocardiographic evaluation of resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the gold standard for monitoring anthracycline‐induced cardiac side effects from chemotherapy. LVEF measurements are, however, limited by their low sensitivity. A normal LVEF does not exclude cardiotoxicity and declines in LVEF are usually not observed before the occurrence of irreversible cardiomyopathy. Hence, a clinically applicable high‐sensitivity diagnostic tool for early detection of chemotherapy‐related cardiotoxicity is still lacking and alternative non‐invasive imaging modalities are therefore being investigated. 123I‐MIBG is a noradrenaline (NA) analogue used for evaluation of cardiac adrenergic function, including assessment of HF prognosis and evaluation of HF treatment response. However, the role of 123I‐MIBG for monitoring chemotherapy‐related cardiotoxicity is still unclear. Here, we review the value of 123I‐MIBG imaging for early detection and prevention of anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Etanercept, Adalimumab und Ustekinumab bei Psoriasis: Analyse von 209 Behandlungsreihen in Österreich
Authors: Richter Leo , Vujic Igor , Sesti Alma , Monshi Babak , Sanlorenzo Martina , Posch Christian , Rappersberger Klemens 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleBiologika werden häufig zur Behandlung der Psoriasis eingesetzt und wurden in zahlreichen klinischen Studien getestet. Allerdings können sich Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen (AEs) bei „real‐world“‐Patienten unterscheiden, da diese keiner solch strengen Auswahl und Überwachung unterzogen werden. Wir haben Therapieadhärenz („Medikamenten‐Überlebenszeit“), Wirksamkeit und AEs (Qualität, Zeitpunkt des Auftretens) bei „real‐world“‐Psoriasis‐Patienten, die mit Etanercept, Adalimumab oder Ustekinumab behandelt wurden, untersucht.Patienten und MethodenRetrospektive Datenanalyse (1. Januar 2004 bis 30. Juni 2015) an Patienten, die an einer Psoriasis‐Klinik in einem österreichischen Krankenhaus behandelt wurden. Alle Patienten, die mindestens eine Dosis von Etanercept, Adalimumab oder Ustekinumab erhalten hatten, wurden in die Analyse einbezogen. Wir analysierten Demographie, Therapieadhärenz, den Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) sowie Qualität und Zeitpunkt des Auftretens von AEs.ErgebnisseIn 209 Behandlungsreihen variierte die geschätzte mittlere Therapieadhärenz zwischen den verschiedenen Behandlungen: 21 Monate (SE: 6,9) für Etanercept, 61 Monate (SE: 9,4) für Adalimumab und 65 Monate (SE 1,4) für Ustekinumab. Männliches Geschlecht und Vorbehandlung mit einem Biologikum waren positive Prädiktoren für längere Therapie mit Adalimumab. Wir fanden keinen signifikanten Unterschied in der am PASI gemessenen Arzneimittelwirksamkeit.SchlussfolgerungenDie meisten AEs treten während des ersten Jahres der Behandlung auf. Adalimumab und Ustekinumab zeichnen sich im Vergleich zu Etanercept durch eine längere Therapieadhärenz aus.
Die Bedeutung der blauen Farbe in der Dermatoskopie
Authors: Popadić Mirjana , Sinz Christoph , Kittler Harald 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleHautläsionen mit blauer Färbung werden häufig chirurgisch entfernt, um Malignität auszuschließen zu können. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Bedeutung der blauen Färbung zu untersuchen.MethodenWir untersuchten dermatoskopische Bilder retrospektiv auf blaue Farbe und klassifizierten sie gemäß der Musteranalyse.ErgebnisseVon 1.123 pigmentierten Hautläsionen wiesen 144 (12,8 %) eine blaue Färbung auf. Von diesen waren 92 (63,9 %) bösartig. Unter den Läsionen mit Blaufärbung waren Nävi (n = 35, 24,3 %) und seborrhoische Keratosen (n = 8, 5,6 %) die häufigsten gutartigen Diagnosen. Von 103 (71,5 %) Läsionen mit einem strukturlosen blauen Muster waren acht (7,8 %) vollständig blau gefärbt und 95 (92,2 %) teilweise blau, davon zeigten 81 (78,6 %) periphere oder fleckige und 14 (13.6 %) eine zentrale Blaufärbung. Die meisten Läsionen mit peripherer oder fleckiger blauer Färbung waren Melanome (n = 47, 58 %), wohingegen die meisten Läsionen mit zentraler Blaufärbung Nävi darstellten (n = 9, 64,3 %). Von 28 Läsionen mit blauen Schollen waren 17 (60,7 %) Basalzellkarzinome. Bezüglich der Malignität war der positive prädiktive Wert der blauen Farbe 63,9 % (95 % KI: 56,0–71,8 %).SchlussfolgerungenUnter blaugefärbten bösartigen Läsionen ist eine strukturlose periphere oder fleckige blaue Farbe ein Hinweis auf Melanome, während blaue Schollen auf ein Basalzellkarzinom hinweisen. Als Fallstricke können sich seborrhoische Keratosen erweisen, die eine Blaufärbung zeigen können, sowie einige Nävi, vor allem kombinierte.
Lymphomatoid papulosis – making sense of the alphabet soup: a proposal to simplify terminology
Authors: Kempf Werner , Mitteldorf Christina , Karai Laszlo J. , Robson Alistair 
Published: March 2017

SummaryClinically, lymphomatoid papulosis (LYP) is characterized by recurrent papulonodular lesions. Unlike this stereotypical clinical presentation, the histological spectrum of LYP is very wide, comprising distinct growth patterns, variably sized neoplastic cells, and different immunophenotypes. The revised 2016 WHO classification includes the histological LYP types A to E as well as another type characterized by a specific chromosomal alteration. In addition, new LYP types are going to be proposed, based not only on histological but also on clinical and genetic features. The ensuing expansion of the alphabetical list of histological types will add to the complexity of the terminology of LYP, thereby potentially increasing the risk of complicating rather than facilitating the diagnostic approach to the disease. Moreover, there may be overlap between individual disease types. This development raises the question as to how to simplify the terminology of LYP while still respecting its histological complexity. Herein, we advocate a practical approach to the terminology of LYP based on descriptive terms rather than the designation of LYP types by alphabetical characters. Our proposal aims to contribute to a pragmatic and user‐friendly approach, thus not only facilitating the diagnostic process but also the communication between clinicians and pathologists.
Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia burden in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin in Europe and the USA
Authors: Mauricio Dídac , Meneghini Luigi , Seufert Jochen , Liao Laura , Wang Hongwei , Tong Liyue , Cali Anna , Stella Peter , Carita Paulo , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: March 2017

AimsTo evaluate short‐ and long‐term glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia incidence in insulin‐naïve patients ≥30 years of age with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) initiating basal insulin (BI) with or without oral anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs (OADs).MethodsThis was an observational, retrospective longitudinal analysis of electronic medical records from 5 European countries and the USA. A multivariable logistic regression model assessed baseline and short‐term (0‐3 months post BI initiation) factors associated with long‐term (3‐24 months) glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia.ResultsOverall, 40 627 patients were included; 20.9% and 27.8% achieved the general HbA1c target of ≤7% at 3 and 24 months post BI initiation, respectively. Failure to achieve HbA1c ≤7% at 3 months was associated with increased risk of failing to achieve target at 24 months (odds ratio [OR], 3.70 [95% CI, 3.41‐4.00]). Over 24 months, 8.9% of patients experienced a recorded hypoglycaemic event. Hypoglycaemia during the initial 3‐month period was associated with longer‐term risk of these events over the ensuing 3 to 24 months (OR, 5.71 [95% CI, 4.67‐6.99]).ConclusionsInitiating BI with or without OADs is associated with short‐ and long‐term suboptimal glycaemic control; the majority of patients fail to achieve HbA1c target ≤7% in the first 3 months, or after 2 years of BI treatment. Treatment response and hypoglycaemia incidence by 3 months post BI initiation are associated with longer‐term glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic risk, respectively. These results support the need for early anti‐hyperglycaemic interventions that more effectively control blood glucose levels without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.
The Double Intentionality of Emotional Experience
Authors: Cochrane Tom 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI argue that while the feeling of bodily responses is not necessary to emotion, these feelings contribute significant meaningful content to everyday emotional experience. Emotional bodily feelings represent a ‘state of self’, analysed as a sense of one's body affording certain patterns of interaction with the environment. Recognising that there are two sources of intentional content in everyday emotional experience allows us to reconcile the diverging intuitions that people have about emotional states, and to understand better the long‐standing debate between bodily feeling‐based and appraisal‐based theories of emotion.
Factors related to continuous and discontinuous attendance at memory clinics
Authors: Hishikawa N. , Fukui Y. , Nakano Y. , Morihara R. , Takemoto M. , Sato K. , Yamashita T. , Ohta Y. , Abe K. 
Published: March 2017

Background and purposeFew studies have examined why some patients with dementia stop attending medical consultations. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate factors associated with discontinuous clinic attendance.MethodsParticipants were 988 patients with dementia from university hospital (UH) clinics and affiliated local hospital (LH) clinics. We compared continuous and discontinuous attenders on cognitive and affective functions and activities of daily living (ADL), and also compared UH and LH patients (UH: continuous, n = 176; discontinuous, n = 207; LH: continuous, n = 418; discontinuous, n = 187).ResultsThe total annual rate of discontinuation was 8.0%, and the mean period of attendance before discontinuation was 2.2 ± 2.4 years (UH, 2.8 ± 3.0; LH, 1.5 ± 1.3, P < 0.01). Scores for the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Hasegawa Dementia Scale – Revised, Geriatric Depression Scale, apathy scale, Abe's behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) score, and ADL were significantly worse in the discontinuous group than the continuous group for both UH and LH patients (P < 0.01). The best predictor of discontinuation was ADL decline (UH and LH) and Abe's BPSD score (UH). The most common reason for discontinuation was returning to the family doctor (39.1% for UH), and cessation of hospital attendance at their own discretion (35.3% for LH).ConclusionsWe identified the main reasons for discontinuation of attendance as returning to the family doctor and cessation of hospital attendance at their own discretion. The best predictors of discontinuation were ADL decline and worsening BPSD. There were significant differences in discontinuation between UH and LH patients with dementia.
Prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a population‐based study in Portugal
Authors: Ferreira J. J. , Gonçalves N. , Valadas A. , Januário C. , Silva M. R. , Nogueira L. , Vieira J. L. M. , Lima A. B. 
Published: March 2017

Background and purposePortugal has been identified as one of the countries with a high prevalence of LRRK2‐G2019S, considered to be the most frequent known cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PD in Portugal using a door‐to‐door methodology.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Portuguese community‐dwelling population; that is, elderly people living in the community on their own, aged ≥50 years and resident in mainland Portugal, in two phases: (i) a questionnaire was applied to screen potential cases of PD; and (ii) screened cases were evaluated by an expert in PD to confirm diagnosis.ResultsThe adjusted prevalence of PD for the Portuguese community‐dwelling population aged ≥50 years was 0.24%. The estimated total number of cases of PD for the Portuguese population is 180/100 000 inhabitants.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that a geographical region with a high frequency of a causal mutation for PD does not automatically imply a high prevalence of patients with PD.
Evidence‐based therapy for atypical myopathy in horses
Authors: Fabius L. S. , Westermann C. M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe aim of this review is to establish the best therapy for equine atypical myopathy with a view to improving the survival rate. To this end, the currently used symptomatic therapy and literature on other metabolic diseases in horses or other animals have been analysed. The best treatment strategy consists of several elements. Advice with evidence: management with restricted movement, keeping warm, rehydration, glucose and insulin supplementation and administration of carnitine, vitamin E, selenium and riboflavin is advised. Acepromazine can be used as a muscle relaxant when indicated. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs should be used for pain relief. Regular emptying of the bladder might provide relief from some discomfort. Advice without evidence: laxatives or activated charcoal could be helpful. Contraindicated: Alpha 2 agonists as muscle relaxants because these drugs inhibit insulin release. Without further research glycine is also discouraged.
Post‐operative reflux – a surgeon's perspective
Authors: Freeman D. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPost‐operative ileus (POI) is a well‐recognised complication of colic surgery that accounts for a high proportion of post‐operative deaths. Although much has been written about the pathophysiology and management ofPOIin horses, most studies seem to apply research findings to the clinical case without full regard for the clinical evidence. Although much attention has focused recently on the role of inflammation, this narrow focus might explain our failure to make important advances in managing horses with this complication. This commentary is offered to redirect our current thinking aboutPOIaway from an approach that predominantly emphasises a functional disorder and medical management, to one that addresses surgical prevention.