bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating and mitigating the discard mortality of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Gulf of Maine recreational rod-and-reel fishery
Authors: Capizzano Connor W. , Mandelman John W. , Hoffman William S. , Dean Micah J. , Zemeckis Douglas R. , Benoît Hugues P. , Kneebone Jeff , Jones Emily , Stettner Marc J. , Buchan Nicholas J. , Langan Joseph A. , Sulikowski James A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn recent years, the recreational contribution to the total catch of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) has increased with recreational discards outnumbering recreational landings by 2:1. However, the discard mortality (DM) rate of cod released in the recreational fishery remains poorly understood, thus contributing to the uncertainty in stock assessments and fishery management plans. The current study examined the capture-related factors most detrimental to cod DM in the GOM recreational rod-and-reel fishery. Atlantic cod (n = 640; 26.0–72.0 cm) were angled from June–October 2013 on southern Jeffreys Ledge in the western GOM using fishing gear representative of the local recreational fishery. A subset (n = 136) was also tagged with pressure-sensing acoustic transmitters before being released into an acoustic receiver array (n = 31) deployed to monitor survival up to 94 days. To properly model DM up to the fishery-wide level, all cod were visually assessed for capture-related injuries according to a four-level injury score index. Mean tackle-specific DM rates of 15.4 and 21.2% were estimated for bait- and jig-captured cod, respectively, with an overall 16.5% mean DM rate for the 2013 GOM recreational cod fishery. Twenty-nine cod tagged with acoustic transmitters were identified as dead, where the majority (∼90%) died within 16 h post-capture. Upon evaluation with a specifically adapted parametric survival analysis, greater incidence of mortality was attributed to the capture and handling process (rather than release) for moderately and severely injured cod. Based on the capture-related factors associated with the highest injury rates, we recommend minimizing fight and handling times, avoiding areas with small cod, educating inexperienced anglers, and favouring bait over jigs to mitigate mortality. Results will continue to inform the development of fishery management plans and enhance survival through dissemination of “best practice” techniques to fishery stakeholders.
Imperfect Progress: An Objective Quality Assessment of the Role of User Reviews in Consumer Decision Making, A Commentary on de Langhe, Fernbach, and Lichtenstein
Authors: Simonson Itamar 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
User reviews aggregate word of mouth and often greatly enhance consumers’ ability to estimate product quality. Consumers decide for themselves whether and how to incorporate user reviews with other sources when evaluating options (e.g., a small minority uses Consumer Reports ). Despite the extraordinary diligence of Bart de Langhe, Philip Fernbach, and Donald Lichtenstein and their use of a variety of data sources and methods, I have concerns about the purpose of the research, the evidence and distinctions they rely on, and the overstated conclusions. However, studying how user reviews and other currently available quality sources of information affect consumers is important and offers new directions for judgment and decision-making researchers.
Constraining the ellipticity of strongly magnetized neutron stars powering superluminous supernovae
Authors: Moriya Takashi J. , Tauris Thomas M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) have been suggested to be powered by strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron stars which are often called magnetars. In this process, rotational energy of the magnetar is radiated via magnetic dipole radiation and heats the supernova ejecta. However, if magnetars are highly distorted in their geometric shape, rotational energy is mainly lost as gravitational wave radiation and thus such magnetars cannot power SLSNe. By simply comparing electromagnetic and gravitational wave emission time-scales, we constrain upper limits to the ellipticity of magnetars by assuming that they power the observed SLSNe. We find that their ellipticity typically needs to be less than about a few 10−3. This indicates that the toroidal magnetic field strengths in these magnetars are typically less than a few 1016 G so that their distortions remain small. Because light-curve modelling of SLSNe shows that their dipole magnetic field strengths are of the order of 1014 G, the ratio of poloidal to toroidal magnetic field strengths is found to be larger than ∼0.01 in magnetars powering SLSNe.
A Multidisciplinary Housestaff-Led Initiative to Safely Reduce Daily Laboratory Testing
Authors: Iams Wade , Heck Josh , Kapp Meghan , Leverenz David , Vella Michael , Szentirmai Eszter , Valerio-Navarrete Irene , Theobald Cecelia , Goggins Kathryn , Flemmons Kevin , Sponsler Kelly , Penrod Cody , Kleinholz Patricia , Brady Donald , Kripalani Sunil 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Provision of high-value care is a milestone in physician training. The authors evaluated the effect of a housestaff-led initiative on laboratory testing rates.

Method
Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s Choosing Wisely steering committee, led by housestaff with faculty advisors, sought to reduce unnecessary daily basic metabolic panel (BMP) and complete blood count (CBC) testing on inpatient general medicine and surgical services. Intervention services received a didactic session followed by regular data feedback with goal rates and peer comparison. Testing rates during January 1, 2013–February 9, 2015, were compared on intervention services and control services using a difference-in-differences analysis and an interrupted time-series analysis with segmented linear regression.

Results
Compared with concurrent controls, the mean number of BMP tests per patient day decreased by an additional 0.23 (95% CI 0.17–0.29) on medical housestaff and 0.15 (95% CI 0.09–0.21) on hospitalist intervention services. Daily CBC tests decreased by an additional 0.28 (95% CI 0.23–0.33) on medical housestaff, 0.08 (95% CI 0.03–0.13) on hospitalist, and 0.12 (95% CI 0.05–0.20) on surgical housestaff intervention services. Patients with lab-free days (0 labs ordered in 24 hours) increased by an additional 4.1 percentage points (95% CI 2.1–6.1) on medical housestaff and 9.7 percentage points (95% CI 6.6–12.8) on hospitalist intervention services. There were no adverse changes in length of stay or intensive care unit transfer, in-hospital mortality, or 30-day readmission rates.

Conclusions
A housestaff-led intervention utilizing education and data feedback with goal setting and peer comparison resulted in safe, significant reductions in daily laboratory testing rates.
Establishing an Integrative Medicine Program Within an Academic Health Center: Essential Considerations
Authors: Eisenberg David M. , Kaptchuk Ted J. , Post Diana E. , Hrbek Andrea L. , O’Connor Bonnie B. , Osypiuk Kamila , Wayne Peter M. , Buring Julie E. , Levy Donald B. 
Published: April 2016

Integrative medicine (IM) refers to the combination of conventional and “complementary” medical services (e.g., chiropractic, acupuncture, massage, mindfulness training). More than half of all medical schools in the United States and Canada have programs in IM, and more than 30 academic health centers currently deliver multidisciplinary IM care. What remains unclear, however, is the ideal delivery model (or models) whereby individuals can responsibly access IM care safely, effectively, and reproducibly in a coordinated and cost-effective way.
Current models of IM across existing clinical centers vary tremendously in their organizational settings, principal clinical focus, and services provided; practitioner team composition and training; incorporation of research activities and educational programs; and administrative organization (e.g., reporting structure, use of medical records, scope of clinical practice) and financial strategies (i.e., specific business plans and models for sustainability).
In this article, the authors address these important strategic issues by sharing lessons learned from the design and implementation of an IM facility within an academic teaching hospital, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital at Harvard Medical School; and review alternative options based on information about IM centers across the United States.
The authors conclude that there is currently no consensus as to how integrative care models should be optimally organized, implemented, replicated, assessed, and funded. The time may be right for prospective research in “best practices” across emerging models of IM care nationally in an effort to standardize, refine, and replicate them in preparation for rigorous cost-effectiveness evaluations.
Design Thinking as a Tool for Interdisciplinary Education in Health Care
Authors: van de Grift Tim C. , Kroeze Renske 
Published: April 2016

Problem
Grappling with complex structural health care issues requires medical professionals to have training in skills and knowledge that go beyond the basic and clinical sciences. It is also crucial for health care professionals to be able to work collaboratively. However, medical education has only limitedly institutionalized the teaching of these skills.

Approach
In fall 2014, a one-semester crossover course called Hacking Healthcare was developed by the University of Amsterdam in cooperation with the Gerrit Rietveld Academie of Fine Arts and six health care institutions in the greater Amsterdam area. The course comprised one or two weekly three-hour evening sessions consisting of a lecture, workshop, and group work. It was structured using the three stages of the design thinking process—inspiration, ideation, and implementation. Twenty-seven medicine, psychology, other science disciplines, and art students participated, working in interdisciplinary groups on an assigned case study.

Outcomes
The course yielded both unconventional and holistic key insights and a wide range of tangible outcomes, which were also considered to be relevant by the patient. Among university (i.e., nonart) students (n = 14), the average overall score of the course was 8.5 out of 10, with 10 being the highest rating. Aspects of the course that were mentioned as positive points were the activating teaching environment, academic development, and development of collaboration skills and creative capabilities.

Next Steps
This approach could be applied in other fields, such as medical education on a larger scale, clinical practice, and the design of scientific research.
Therapeutic Whole-body Hypothermia Protects Remote Lung, Liver, and Kidney Injuries after Blast Limb Trauma in Rats
Authors: Ning Jiaolin , Mo Liwen , Yi Bin , Gu Jianteng , Lu Kaizhi , Zhou Yaying , Lai Xinan , Zhao Hailin , Ma Daqing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAbstract
Whole-body hypothermia for 3 h immediately after injury in an experimental animal model provides multiorgan protection for traumatic injury after blast trauma.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Severe blast limb trauma (BLT) induces distant multiple-organ injuries. In the current study, the authors determined whether whole-body hypothermia (WH) and its optimal duration (if any) afford protection to the local limb damage and distant lung, liver, and kidney injuries after BLT in rats.

Methods
Rats with BLT, created by using chartaceous electricity detonators, were randomly treated with WH for 30 min, 60 min, 3 h, and 6 h (n = 12/group). Rectal temperature and arterial blood pressure were monitored throughout. Blood and lung, liver, and kidney tissue samples were harvested for measuring tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, myeloperoxidase activity, hydrogen sulfide, and biomarkers of oxidative stress at 6 h after BLT. The pathologic lung injury and the water content of the lungs, liver, and kidneys and blast limb tissue were assessed.

Results
Unlike WH for 30 min, WH for 60 min reduced lung water content, lung myeloperoxidase activity, and kidney myeloperoxidase activity by 10, 39, and 28% (all P < 0.05), respectively. WH for 3 h attenuated distant vital organs and local traumatic limb damage and reduced myeloperoxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentration, and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels by up to 49% (all P < 0.01). Likewise, WH for 6 h also provided protection to such injured organs but increased blood loss from traumatic limb.

Conclusions
Results of this study indicated that WH may provide protection for distant organs and local traumatic limb after blast trauma, which warrants further study.
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Mortality and Postoperative Pulmonary and Other Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Uhlig Christopher , Bluth Thomas , Schwarz Kristin , Deckert Stefanie , Heinrich Luise , De Hert Stefan , Landoni Giovanni , Serpa Neto Ary , Schultz Marcus J. , Pelosi Paolo , Schmitt Jochen , Gama de Abreu Marcelo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
It is not known whether modern volatile anesthetics are associated with less mortality and postoperative pulmonary or other complications in patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgery.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted for randomized controlled trials fulfilling following criteria: (1) population: adult patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgery; (2) intervention: patients receiving sevoflurane, desflurane, or isoflurane; (3) comparison: volatile anesthetics versus total IV anesthesia or volatile anesthetics; (4) reporting on: (a) mortality (primary outcome) and (b) postoperative pulmonary or other complications; (5) study design: randomized controlled trials. The authors pooled treatment effects following Peto odds ratio (OR) meta-analysis and network meta-analysis methods.

Results
Sixty-eight randomized controlled trials with 7,104 patients were retained for analysis. In cardiac surgery, volatile anesthetics were associated with reduced mortality (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.85; P = 0.007), less pulmonary (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.98; P = 0.038), and other complications (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.95; P = 0.020). In noncardiac surgery, volatile anesthetics were not associated with reduced mortality (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.05, P = 0.242) or lower incidences of pulmonary (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.05; P = 0.081) and other complications (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.05; P = 0.092).

Conclusions
In cardiac, but not in noncardiac, surgery, when compared to total IV anesthesia, general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics was associated with major benefits in outcome, including reduced mortality, as well as lower incidence of pulmonary and other complications. Further studies are warranted to address the impact of volatile anesthetics on outcome in noncardiac surgery.
Epiglottitis
Authors: Lichtor J. Lance , Roche Rodriguez Maricarmen , Aaronson Nicole L. , Spock Todd , Goodman T. Rob , Baum Eric D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Due to the potentially unforgiving nature of epiglottitis and supraglottitis, the clinician should have a firm understanding of the presentation, work up, and management of a patient presenting with worrisome symptoms.
Pelvic fractures: epidemiology, consequences, and medical management
Authors: Breuil Véronique , Roux Christian Hubert , Carle Georges F. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose of review
Until recently, osteoporotic pelvic fractures have not been specifically studied. This review presents an update on epidemiological data of pelvic fracture, including morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs, the role of surgery and new data on sacroplasty in acute phase management.

Recent findings
All studies underline the burden of osteoporotic pelvic fractures. Risk factors associated with these fractures are age, sex (women), and previous loss of autonomy. An increased mortality has been reported in all publications, similar to hip fracture for in-patient mortality and at 5 years of follow-up. Pelvic fractures often lead to transient or permanent autonomy loss, reflecting the high costs because of extended hospital stay, combined with nursing home requirement. However, recent studies report a decrease in the length of stay. Sacroplasty displays promising results to control pain and improve functional outcome. Early surgery begins to be discussed to also improve the outcome.

Summary
Pelvic fractures display all the features of severe osteoporotic fractures: increased incidence, high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs that justify awareness of the practitioner on these fractures. Further studies on sacroplasty and surgery are necessary to improve pain control, functional improvement, thereby reducing the length of hospital stay and cost.
A Simple Method for Measurement of Femoral Anteversion—Validation and Assessment of Reproducibility
Authors: Brunner Alexander , Eichinger Martin , Hengg Clemens , Hoermann Romed , Brenner Erich , Kralinger Franz 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
To propose a simple method for measurement of femoral anteversion (AV) with a conventional fluoroscope, to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of this method on the basis of human cadaver femurs, and to validate such method on the basis of computed tomography (CT).

Methods:
Fourteen human cadavers with 28 intact femurs were included in the study. Three blinded observers measured femoral AV of the specimen with a fluoroscope. The session was repeated 8 weeks later and CT of the femurs were performed. Mean AV values and the difference between single and mean AV values were calculated. Interobserver/intraobserver reliability of the proposed method was assessed. Correlation between AV values measured with fluoroscope and CT was calculated.

Results:
Mean AV was 18.1° when measured with fluoroscope and 19.2° when measured with CT. Mean differences between single AV values were 2.2° with fluoroscope and 2.5° with CT. The mean maximum observer variation per specimen was 8.8°. Interobserver reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.853) and intraobserver reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.682). A high correlation was found between AV values measured with fluoroscope and CT (rho = 0.739, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The presented technique allows reliable and simple measurement of femoral AV with a conventional fluoroscope. The mean interobserver variation is comparable to what has been reported for CT. Maximum interobserver variation was <15° in all specimens. A clinical study will be necessary to prove the value of this technique for intraoperative adjustment of femoral AV according to the intact contralateral side.
Can Tibial Shaft Fractures Bear Weight After Intramedullary Nailing? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gross Steven C. , Galos David K. , Taormina David P. , Crespo Alexander , Egol Kenneth A. , Tejwani Nirmal C. 
Published: April 2016

Objective:
To examine the potential benefits and risks associated with weight-bearing after intramedullary (IM) nailing of unstable tibial shaft fractures.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Two New York State level 1 trauma centers, one level 2 trauma center, and 1 tertiary care orthopaedic hospital in a large urban center in New York City.

Patients/Participants:
Eighty-eight patients with 90 tibial shaft fractures were enrolled. The following were used as inclusion criteria: (1) skeletally mature adult patients 18 years of age or older, (2) displaced fractures of tibial diaphysis (OTA type 42) treated with operative intervention, and (3) radiographs, including injury, operative, and completion of follow-up. Sixty-eight patients with 70 tibial shaft fractures completed follow-up.

Intervention:
All patients were treated with locked IM nailing. Patients were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: immediate weight-bearing-as-tolerated (WBAT) or non–weight-bearing for the first 6 postoperative weeks (NWB).

Main Outcome Measures:
Fracture union or treatment failure/revision surgery.

Results:
There was no statistical difference in the observed time to union between groups (WBAT = 22.1 ± 11.7 weeks vs. NWB = 21.3 ± 9.9 weeks; P = 0.76). Rates of complications did not statistically differ between groups. No fracture loss of reduction leading to malunion was encountered. Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment scores for all domains did not statistically differ between groups.

Conclusions:
Immediate weight-bearing after IM nailing of tibial shaft fractures is safe and is not associated with an increase in adverse events or complications. Patients should be allowed to bear weight as tolerated after IM nailing of OTA subtype 42-A and 42-B tibial shaft fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Overhead Bryant’s Traction Does Not Improve the Success of Closed Reduction or Limit AVN in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Sucato Daniel J. , De La Rocha Adriana , Lau Karlee , Ramo Brandon A. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Preoperative Bryant’s overhead traction before closed reduction (CR) in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) remains controversial and its success in increasing CR rates and reducing avascular necrosis (AVN) rates has not been specifically reported in a large cohort.

Methods:
IRB-approved retrospective study of patients (below 3 y)who were treated with attempted CR for idiopathic DDH from 1980 to 2009. Successful CR was defined as a hip that remained reduced and did not require repeat CR or open reduction. Patients were grouped by age, hip instability [Ortolani positive (reducible) vs. fixed dislocation], and Tonnis classification and rates of successful CR were compared between groups with P<0.05.

Results:
A total of 342 hips were included with a mean age of 0.9 years (0.2 to 2.8 y) and a mean follow-up of 10.4 years (2.0 to 27.7 y). There were 269 hips with fixed dislocations and 73 Ortolani-positive hips. Traction was used in 276 hips. There was no difference in traction utilization in the 3 age groups (below 1, below 1.5, and below 2 y) for either Ortolani-positive hips (P=0.947) or fixed dislocations (P=0.943). There was no difference in achieving a successful CR comparing traction (60.9%) and no-traction groups (60.6%) (P=1.00). For Ortolani-positive hips, traction did not improve the incidence of a successful CR for any age group: below 1 year: P=0.19; below 1.5 years: P=0.23; and below 2 years: P=0.25. Similarly, fixed dislocation patients had no benefit from traction: below 1 year: P=0.76; below 1.5 years: P=0.82; and below 2 years: P=0.85. Tonnis classification did predict success of CR but had no influence on traction success. There was no difference in the rate of AVN between the traction (18%) and no-traction (8%) groups for all patients (P=0.15).

Conclusions:
In this retrospective series, preoperative Bryant’s traction does not improve the rate of a successful CR for patients with DDH and has no protective effect on the development of AVN of the femoral head. These results suggest that Bryant’s overhead traction may not be warranted for patients below 3 years of age with DDH.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.