bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Smartphones and Software on Acoustic Voice Measures.
Authors: Grillo Elizabeth U. , Brosious Jenna N. , Sorrell Staci L. , Anand Supraja 
Published: December 2016

This study assessed the within-subject variability of voice measures captured using different recording devices (i.e., smartphones and head mounted microphone) and software programs (i.e., Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV), Multi-dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), and Praat). Correlations between the software programs that calculated the voice measures were also analyzed. Results demonstrated no significant within-subject variability across devices and software and that some of the measures were highly correlated across software programs. The study suggests that certain smartphones may be appropriate to record daily voice measures representing the effects of vocal loading within individuals. In addition, even though different algorithms are used to compute voice measures across software programs, some of the programs and measures share a similar relationship.
Computer Literacy and Health Locus of Control as Determinants for Readiness and Acceptability of Telepractice in a Head and Neck Cancer Population
Authors: Cartmill Bena , Wall Laurelie R. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Hill Anne J. , Porceddu Sandro V. 
Published: December 2016

Understanding end-user populations is required in designing telepractice applications. This study explored computer literacy and health locus of control in head/neck cancer (HNC) patients to inform suitability for telerehabilitation. Sixty individuals with oropharygneal cancer were recruited. Computer literacy was examined using a 10-question survey. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C (MHLC-C) examined perceptions of health “control”. Participants were mostly middle-aged males, from high socioeconomic backgrounds. Only 10% were non-computer users. Of the computers users, 91% reported daily use, 66% used multiple devices and over 75% rated themselves as “confident” users. More than half were open to using technology for health-related activities. High internal scores (MHLC-C) signified a belief that own behaviour influenced health status. HNC patients have high computer literacy and an internal health locus of control, both are positive factors to support telepractice models of care. This may include asynchronous models requiring heightened capacity for self-management.
PORQUE O NORDESTE PRODUZ SAL MARINHO? Estudo analógico do potencial do clima
Authors: Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça , Vasconcelos Fábio Perdigão 
Published: December 2016

<p>A região conhecida como Costa Semiárida Brasileira (CSB) - trecho que se estende do Golfo do Maranhão ao Cabo do Calcanhar (RN) - produz cerca de 98% do sal marinho do país, o objetivo do trabalho foi investigar quais os parâmetros meteorológico-climático condicionam o maior potencial para a produção de sal marinho na Costa Semiárida Brasileira, especialmente numa região do estado do Rio Grande do Norte que produz cerca de 95% do total nacional. Analisou-se de todos os parâmetros do clima em todas as estações com informações disponíveis localizadas na Costa Semiárida Brasileira onde predominam os climas semiáridos e semiúmidos, nestes subtipos de clima se produz cerca de 98% do sal marinho brasileiro, além disso foi delimitada a duração da estação chuvosa, utilizando a metodologia de Gaussen e Bagnouls. Após a análise dos sistemas atmosféricos atuantes e das normais do clima conclui-se que, do ponto de vista climático, os dois trechos côncavos da CSB são os de maior potencial para a produção de sal marinho, pois neles é menor a taxa de precipitação e a umidade relativa do ar, sendo maior a velocidade dos ventos e a temperatura, o que concorre para serem maiores também as taxas de evaporação da água. A situação é tanto mais favorável na Costa Branca, especialmente no Rio Grande do Norte, e de forma ainda mais marcante na região de Macau, onde todos os principais indicadores apontam para um maior potencial para a produção de sal marinho dessa área. </p>
Democracia, argumentación e ideologías jurídicas | Democracy, Argumentation and Legal Ideologies
Authors: Cabra Apalategui Jose Manuel 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. Este trabajo analiza la relación de la democracia y la argumentación jurídica desde diversas perspectivas. En primer lugar, desde un punto de vista externo, que apunta al fundamento político y moral de las corrientes argumentativas dentro de la Filosofía del Derecho. En segundo lugar, aborda esta relación desde un punto de vista interno, analizando el papel del principio democrático en el marco de un modelo general de racionalidad argumentativa. Y, por último, pretende hacer una caracterización de las teorías/ideologías jurídicas en el contexto de la democracia constitucional. ABSTRACT. This paper analyzes from varied perspectives the relation between democracy and legal argumentation. First, from an external point of view, that points to the political and moral foundations of the argumentative currents of Philosophy of Law. Secondly, it aproaches this relation from an internal point of view, inquiring into the rol of the democratic principle within a general model of argumentative rationlity. And, last, it pretends to characterize the various legal theories/ideologies in the context of constitucional democracy.
La teoría fuerte de los derechos sociales: reconstrucción y crítica | The Strong Theory of Social Rights: Reconstruction and Criticism
Authors: Peña Freire Antonio 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. En este artículo es objeto de análisis la teoría fuerte de los derechos sociales, que es presentada como una teoría unificadora del fundamento, la estructura normativa y los procedimientos de garantía de los diversos tipos de derechos y, en particular, de derechos sociales y de libertad. La teoría es objeto de una serie de consideraciones críticas que apuntan a algunos de sus presupuestos éticos, a sus consecuencias político-constitucionales, a sus problemáticos efectos económicos, al modo en que reconstruye la estructura normativa de los derechos que se considera deficiente y al modelo de garantía judicial propuesto para los derechos sociales que se reputa contraproducente. ABSTRACT. The topic of this article is the strong theory of social rights, which is described as an unifying theory on the grounds, the normative structure and the procedures for protecting different types of rights and, in particular, social rights and liberty rights. Some aspects of that theory are criticized, namely, some of its moral assumptions, its political and constitutional consequences, its troublesome economic effects, the way it presents the normative structure of rights which is considered flawed, and the model of judicial guarantee proposed for social rights which it is said to be counterproductive.
La naturaleza del mal en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt | The nature of evil in Hannah Arendt’s thinking
Authors: Hermida del Llano María Cristina 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. La cuestión del mal ocupa un lugar central en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt al constituir un concepto transversal que recorre todos sus trenes de pensamiento. Se somete a análisis la “naturaleza del mal” a través del estudio de su obra y de su propia experiencia vital, especialmente al cubrir el juicio de Eichmann en Jerusalén, donde ella afirmaría que éste representaba “la banalidad del mal”. Se trata de averiguar si en su particular concepción del mal influyó Voltaire, por qué surge el mal, por qué se manifiesta de forma permanente en la historia y si puede ser destruido ABSTRACT. The topic of evil has a central place in Hannah Arendt’s thinking as it lies at the core of all her trains of thought. We analyze the “nature of evil” in Hannah Arendt’s philosophy through the study of her work and of her life experience, especially when she covered the trial of Eichmann in Jerusalem where she pointed out that Eichmann represented “the banality of evil”. Our goal in this contribution is to understand whether the philosophy of Voltaire could have influenced Arendt’s conception of evil, why it arises, why it persists throughout history, and whether it can be destroyed
Exclusión Financiera, Vulnerabilidad y Subordiscriminación. Análisis crítico sobre el derecho al acceso a servicios bancarios básicos en la Unión Europea | Financial Exclusion, Vulnerability and Subordiscrimination. Critical analysis on the right to acces
Authors: De la Cruz-Ayuso Cristina 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la exclusión financiera desde las coordenadas del concepto de subordiscriminación. De manera específica, analiza si el marco normativo europeo encaminado a garantizar el derecho al acceso de los servicios bancarios básicos contiene elementos que pueden conducir a la subordiscriminación, derivados de su ambigüedad y de los límites que impone. En primer lugar, ofrece una revisión de la literatura que aporta datos sobre la exclusión y la discriminación en este ámbito. En segundo lugar, analiza la Directiva Europea de Cuentas de Pago 2014/92/UE. Finalmente, se detiene en el examen de la Comunicación Nº 10/1997, Ziad Ben Ahmed Habassi c. Dinamarca (CERD/C/54/D/10/1997) relativa a la denegación de préstamos bancarios a no ciudadanos. ABSTRACT. This article analyses the phenomenon of financial exclusion from the perspective of the concept of subordiscrimination. More specifically, it analyses whether the European regulatory framework aimed at ensuring this right contains elements that can lead to the discrimination, arising from its ambiguity and the limits it imposes. First, it presents a review of the literature that provides data on exclusion and discrimination. Second, it analyses the European Directive on Payment Accounts 2014/92/UE. Finally, it focuses on the examination of the Communication Nº 10/1997, Ziad Ben Ahmed Habassi c. Denmark (CERD/C/54/D/10/1997) concerning the refusal of bank loans to non-citizens.
La doble ineficacia de la tortura | The Double Ineffectiveness of Torture
Authors: Garcia Civico Jesus 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. El propósito de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre la ineficacia del derecho a no sufrir torturas y también sobre la ineficacia del recurso (ilegal) a la tortura. En el primer caso, se estudian las distintas formas de ineficacia: casos de tortura, impunidad, ausencia de investigaciones eficaces. Al mismo tiempo, se repasa la actualidad de los mecanismos de eficacia de este derecho. En el segundo supuesto, se analizan los últimos informes sobre el fracaso del recurso a la tortura en la llamada «lucha contra el terror». ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to reflect about the ineffectiveness of the right not to suffer torture and also the ineffectiveness of (illegal) recourse to torture. In the first case, the different forms of ineffectiveness are analyzed: cases of torture, impunity, lack of effective investigations. At the same time, it reviews the current mechanisms of effectiveness of this right. In the second case, the latest reports on the failure to use torture in the so-called "fight against terror" are analyzed.
La indefinición semántica de la expresión “justicia ambiental” y sus comprensibles circunstancias estratégicas | The Semantic Lack of Definition of The Expression “Environmental Justice” and his Understandable Strategic Circumstances
Authors: Ruiz Sanz Mario 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. “Justicia ambiental” es un binomio léxico complejo formado por un sustantivo (justicia) y un adjetivo (ambiental), lo cual no significa ni supone la prioridad o consecuente sumisión semántica de un té????????entescciado por un sustantivo (justicia) y un adjetivo (ambiental) que no supone la sumisiérmino sobre el otro, sino al contrario: la interacción e interdependencia de los componentes lingüísticos de la expresión refleja una predisposición del estado de ánimo e incluso una intención favorable u optimista hacia su aceptación incondicionada por parte de todos, sin tener en cuenta la conveniencia de incidir en su contenido, equívoco o difuso en muchas ocasiones, bajo la necesaria observación de la evolución histórica del concepto desde un planteamiento político, social y jurídico. ABSTRACT. “Environmental justice” is a lexical binomial complex formed by a noun (justice) and a adjective (environmental), which neither means does not even suppose the priority or consistent semantic submission of a term to other one, but on the contrary: the interaction and interdependence of the linguistic components of the expression reflects a predisposition of the state of mind and even a favorable or optimistic intention towards his acceptance undetermined on the part of all, without bearing in mind the convenience of affecting in his content, pun or fuzzy in many occasions, under the necessary observation of the historical evolution of the concept from a political, social and juridical exposition.
Phase-coherent transfer and retrieval of terahertz frequency standard over 20 km optical fiber with 4 × 10−18 accuracy
Authors: Nagano Shigeo , Kumagai Motohiro , Ito Hiroyuki , Kajita Masatoshi , Hanado Yuko 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate a terahertz (THz) frequency reference transfer with high accuracy and stability. Phase information of the THz frequency standard is coherently duplicated onto an optical carrier as an intermediary for exploiting low-loss optical-fiber technology. The transferred information on the optical carrier is retrieved into the THz domain without phase decoherence. The THz reference transfer system, which comprises frequency-comb-based THz-to-optical and optical-to-THz synthesizers connected by a 20 km phase-noise-compensated fiber, is operated with 4 × 10−18 fractional frequency accuracy at 0.3 THz. This THz reference transfer is available for the remote frequency calibration of diverse instruments working in the THz region.
Analogue spin–orbit torque device for artificial-neural-network-based associative memory operation
Authors: Borders William A. , Akima Hisanao , Fukami Shunsuke , Moriya Satoshi , Kurihara Shouta , Horio Yoshihiko , Sato Shigeo , Ohno Hideo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate associative memory operations reminiscent of the brain using nonvolatile spintronics devices. Antiferromagnet–ferromagnet bilayer-based Hall devices, which show analogue-like spin–orbit torque switching under zero magnetic fields and behave as artificial synapses, are used. An artificial neural network is used to associate memorized patterns from their noisy versions. We develop a network consisting of a field-programmable gate array and 36 spin–orbit torque devices. An effect of learning on associative memory operations is successfully confirmed for several 3 × 3-block patterns. A discussion on the present approach for realizing spintronics-based artificial intelligence is given.
AirSWOT measurements of river water surface elevation and slope: Tanana River, AK
Authors: Altenau Elizabeth H. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Moller Delwyn , Lion Christine , Pitcher Lincoln H. , Allen George H. , Bates Paul D. , Calmant Stéphane , Durand Michael , Smith Laurence C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFluctuations in water surface elevation (WSE) along rivers have important implications for water resources, flood hazards, and biogeochemical cycling. However, current in situ and remote sensing methods exhibit key limitations in characterizing spatiotemporal hydraulics of many of the world's river systems. Here we analyze new measurements of river WSE and slope from AirSWOT, an airborne analogue to the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aimed at addressing limitations in current remotely sensed observations of surface water. To evaluate its capabilities, we compare AirSWOT WSEs and slopes to in situ measurements along the Tanana River, Alaska. Root‐mean‐square error is 9.0 cm for WSEs averaged over 1 km2 areas and 1.0 cm/km for slopes along 10 km reaches. Results indicate that AirSWOT can accurately reproduce the spatial variations in slope critical for characterizing reach‐scale hydraulics. AirSWOT's high‐precision measurements are valuable for hydrologic analysis, flood modeling studies, and for validating future SWOT measurements.
Rapid precipitation of radiation belt electrons induced by EMIC rising tone emissions localized in longitude inside and outside the plasmapause
Authors: Kubota Yuko , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBy performing test particle simulations of relativistic electrons scattered by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) rising tone emissions, we find a nonlinear scattering process named SLPA (Scattering at Low Pitch Angle) totally different from the nonlinear wave trapping. The nonlinear wave trapping, occurring for high pitch angles away from the loss cone, scatters some of resonant electrons to lower pitch angles, and a fraction of the electrons is further transported into the loss cone by SLPA after being released from the wave trapping. SLPA as well as the nonlinear wave trapping can work in any cases with proton band or helium band and inside or outside the plasmapause. We clarify that the combined scattering process causes significant depletion of the outer radiation belt. In the time evolution of an electron distribution observed locally in longitude, we find echoes of the electron depletion by the localized EMIC emissions. Monitoring fluxes of electrons being lost into the atmosphere in the wave generation region, we also find that efficient relativistic electron precipitation in several seconds. The characteristics of the precipitating electron flux as a function of kinetic energy vary significantly depending on the wave frequency range and the plasma density.
MAVEN observations of dayside peak electron densities in the ionosphere of Mars
Authors: Vogt Marissa F. , Withers Paul , Fallows Kathryn , Andersson Laila , Girazian Zachary , Mahaffy Paul R. , Benna Mehdi , Elrod Meredith K. , Connerney John E. P. , Espley Jared R. , Eparvier Frank G. , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe peak electron density in the dayside Martian ionosphere is a valuable diagnostic of the state of the ionosphere. Its dependence on factors like the solar zenith angle, ionizing solar irradiance, neutral scale height, and electron temperature has been well studied. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft's September 2015 “deep dip” orbits, in which the orbital periapsis was lowered to ~125 km, provided the first opportunity since Viking to sample in situ a complete dayside electron density profile including the main peak. Here we present peak electron density measurements from 37 deep dip orbits and describe conditions at the altitude of the main peak, including the electron temperature and composition of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere. We find that the dependence of the peak electron density and the altitude of the main peak on solar zenith angle are well described by analytical photochemical theory. Additionally, we find that the electron temperatures at the main peak display a dependence on solar zenith angle that is consistent with the observed variability in the peak electron density. Several peak density measurements were made in regions of large crustal magnetic field, but there is no clear evidence that the crustal magnetic field strength influences the peak electron density, peak altitude, or electron temperature. Finally, we find that the fractional abundance of O2+ and CO2+ at the peak altitude is variable but that the two species together consistently represent ~95% of the total ion density.
On the observed synoptic signal in the Mississippi‐Alabama slope flow
Authors: Maksimova E. V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis communication discusses a strong near‐barotropic current signal and its dynamics observed on the Mississippi‐Alabama upper slope in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. When the variability related to mesoscale eddies is not present or removed, the subinertial current is found to be controlled by the synoptic‐scale wind fluctuations, qualitatively in agreement with coastally trapped wave theory. Specifically, the along‐isobath synoptic velocity component on the Mississippi‐Alabama slope is correlated with the wind stress component in the direction along the Florida peninsula. Moreover, the observed along‐isobath flows on the Mississippi‐Alabama slope and on the west Florida shelf are highly coherent. These relations are pronounced in wintertime but less obvious during summertime, less energetic, wind forcing.
Thermal stress weathering and the spalling of Antarctic rocks
Authors: Lamp J. L. , Marchant D. R. , Mackay S. L. , Head J. W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUsing in situ field measurements, laboratory analyses, and numerical modeling, we test the potential efficacy of thermal stress weathering in the flaking of millimeter‐thick alteration rinds observed on cobbles and boulders of Ferrar Dolerite on Mullins Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV). In particular, we examine whether low‐magnitude stresses, arising from temperature variations over time, result in thermal fatigue weathering, yielding slow crack propagation along existing cracks and ultimate flake detachment. Our field results show that during summer months clasts of Ferrar Dolerite experience large‐temperature gradients across partially detached alteration rinds (>4.7°C mm−1) and abrupt fluctuations in surface temperature (up to 12°C min−1); the latter are likely due to the combined effects of changing solar irradiation and cooling from episodic winds. The results of our thermal stress model, coupled with subcritical crack growth theory, suggest that thermal stresses induced at the base of thin alteration rinds ~2 mm thick, common on rocks exposed for ~105 years, may be sufficient to cause existing cracks to propagate under present‐day meteorological forcing, eventually leading to rind detachment. The increase in porosity observed within alteration rinds relative to unaltered rock interiors, as well as predicted decreases in rind strength based on allied weathering studies, likely facilitates thermal stress crack propagation through a reduction of fracture toughness. We conclude that thermal stress weathering may be an active, though undervalued, weathering process in hyperarid, terrestrial polar deserts such as the stable upland region of the MDV.
Experimental study of the effect of grain sizes in a bimodal mixture on bed slope, bed texture, and the transition to washload
Authors: Hill Kimberly M. , Gaffney John , Baumgardner Sarah , Wilcock Peter , Paola Chris 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhen fine sediment is added to a coarse‐grained system, the mobility and composition of the bed can change dramatically. We conducted a series of flume experiments to determine how the size of fine particles introduced to an active gravel bed influences the mobility and composition of the bed. We initiated our experiments using a constant water discharge and feed rate of gravel. After the system reached steady state, we doubled the feed rate by supplying a second sediment of equal or lesser size, creating size ratios from 1:1 to 1:150. As we decreased the relative size of the fine particles, the system transitioned among three regimes: (1) For particle size ratios close to one, the bed slope increased to transport the additional load of similar‐sized particles. The bed surface remained planar and unchanged. (2) For intermediate particle size ratios, the bed slope decreased with the additional fines. The bed surface became patchy with regions of fine and coarse grains. (3) For the largest particle size ratios (the smallest fines), the bed slope remained relatively unchanged. The subsurface became clogged with fine sediment, but fine particles were not present in the surface layer. This third regime constitutes washload, defined by those fractions that do not affect bed‐material transport conditions. Our results indicate washload should be defined in terms of three conditions: small grain size relative to that of the bed material, full suspension based on the Rouse number, and a small rate of fine sediment supply relative to transport capacity.