bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of four surprisingly similar hot hydrogen-rich subdwarf O stars
Authors: Latour M. , Chayer P. , Green E. M. , Irrgang A. , Fontaine G. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Post-extreme horizontal branch stars (post-EHB) are helium-shell burning objects evolving away from the EHB and contracting directly towards the white dwarf regime. While the stars forming the EHB have been extensively studied in the past, their hotter and more evolved progeny are not so well characterized.
Aims. We perform a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of four such bright sdO stars, namely Feige 34, Feige 67, AGK+81°266, and LS II+18°9, among which the first three are used as standard stars for flux calibration. Our goal is to determine their atmospheric parameters, chemical properties, and evolutionary status to better understand this class of stars that are en route to become white dwarfs.
Methods. We used non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmospheres in combination with high quality optical and UV spectra. Photometric data were also used to compute the spectroscopic distances of our stars and to characterize the companion responsible for the infrared excess of Feige 34.
Results. The four bright sdO stars have very similar atmospheric parameters with Teff between 60 000 and 63 000 K and log g (cm s-2) in the range 5.9 to 6.1. This places these objects right on the theoretical post-EHB evolutionary tracks. The UV spectra are dominated by strong iron and nickel lines and suggest abundances that are enriched with respect to those of the Sun by factors of 25 and 60. On the other hand, the lighter elements, C, N, O, Mg, Si, P, and S are depleted. The stars have very similar abundances, although AGK+81°266 shows differences in its light element abundances. For instance, the helium abundance of this object is 10 times lower than that observed in the other three stars. All our stars show UV spectral lines that require additional line broadening that is consistent with a rotational velocity of about 25 km s-1. The infrared excess of Feige 34 is well reproduced by a M0 main-sequence companion and the surface area ratio of the two stars suggests that the system is a physical binary. However, the lack of radial velocity variations points towards a low inclination and/or long orbital period. Spectroscopic and Hipparcos distances are in good agreement for our three brightest stars.
Conclusions. We performed a spectroscopic analysis of four hot sdO stars that are very similar in terms of atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions. The rotation velocities of our stars are significantly higher than what is observed in their immediate progenitors on the EHB, suggesting that angular momentum may be conserved as the stars evolve away from the EHB.
Open Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Iloreta Alfred , Miles Brett , Inman Jared , Kwon Daniel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSkull base extirpative and reconstructive surgery has undergone significant changes due to technological and operative advances. While endoscopic resection and reconstruction will continue to advance skull base surgery for the foreseeable future, traditional open surgical approaches and reconstructive techniques are still contemporarily employed as best practices in certain tumors or patient-specific anatomical cases. Skull base surgeons should strive to maintain a working knowledge and technical skill set to manage these challenging cases where endoscopic techniques have previously failed, are insufficient from anatomical constraints, or tumor biology with margin control supersedes the more minimally invasive approach. This review focuses on the reconstructive techniques available to the open skull base surgeon as an adjunct to the endoscopic reconstructive options. Anatomic considerations, factors relating to the defect or patient, reconstructive options of nonvascular grafts, local and regional flaps, and free tissue transfer are outlined using the literature and author's experience. Future directions in virtual surgical planning and emerging technologies will continue to enhance open and endoscopic skull base surgeon's preparation, performance, and outcomes in this continually developing interdisciplinary field.
Skull Base Trauma: Clinical Considerations in Evaluation and Diagnosis and Review of Management Techniques and Surgical Approaches
Authors: Farnoosh Soroush , Kellman Robert , Tatum Sherard , Feldman Jacob 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTraumatic injuries to the skull base can involve critical neurovascular structures and present with symptoms and signs that must be recognized by physicians tasked with management of trauma patients. This article provides a review of skull base anatomy and outlines demographic features in skull base trauma. The manifestations of various skull base injuries, including CSF leaks, facial paralysis, anosmia, and cranial nerve injury, are discussed, as are appropriate diagnostic and radiographic testing in patients with such injuries. While conservative management is sometimes appropriate in skull base trauma, surgical access to the skull base for reconstruction of traumatic injuries may be required. A variety of specific surgical approaches to the anterior cranial fossa are discussed, including the classic anterior craniofacial approach as well as less invasive and newer endoscope-assisted approaches to the traumatized skull base.
Globalisierung und Public Health
Authors: Razum Oliver , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Zeitalter der Globalisierung sind die wenigsten Gesundheitsprobleme nur „lokal“ in ihrer Entstehung. Übertragbare Erkrankungen und der Klimawandel machen nicht an den Grenzen von Nationalstaaten halt und lassen sich daher auch nicht wirksam nur innerhalb eines Landes kontrollieren. Aber auch Verhaltensweisen wie Rauchen und Ernährung, die sich auf die Gesundheit auswirken, werden im Zuge der Globalisierung durch internationale Unternehmen und überstaatliche Politiken beeinflusst. Dementsprechend muss auch Public-Health-Strategien und Maßnahmen entwickeln, die nicht nur innerhalb eines Nationalstaats ansetzen und wirken. Vielmehr ist auch für Public Health in Deutschland heute eine Global-Public-Health-Perspektive unverzichtbar.
Mundgesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit geistiger Behinderung und psychoemotionalen Störungen aus Niedersachsen und Thüringen
Authors: Schüler Ina , Dziwak Marco , Schmied Kirsten , Lehmann Thomas , Heinrich-Weltzien Roswitha 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel der Studie war die vergleichende Beurteilung der Mundgesundheit von 6–16-jährigen Niedersächsischen (NI) und Thüringer (TH) Schülern mit geistigen Behinderungen (GB) und psychoemotionalen Störungen (PES).
Methodik Bei 571 TH Schülern mit GB sowie 118 NI Schülern mit GB und 80 mit PES erfolgte eine Erfassung von Kariesbefall, odontogenen Infektionen, Fissurenversiegelungen (FV) und Parodontalgesundheit. Die Daten wurden mittels altersadjustierter linearer und binär-logistischer Regressionsanalyse verglichen.
Ergebnisse Schüler mit PES vereinten die höchste Kariesprävalenz und den höchsten Kariesbefall in beiden Dentitionen sowie die höchste Prävalenz odontogener Infektionen im Milchgebiss. Bei 6–11-Jährigen mit GB unterschied sich die Häufigkeit odontogener Infektionen nicht wesentlich zwischen Thüringen und Niedersachsen. 6–11-jährige NI Schüler mit PES hatten ein mehr als 2-faches Risiko an Karies zu erkranken bzw. odontogene Infektionen zu entwickeln als Gleichaltrige mit GB. Der Sanierungsgrad von NI Schülern mit PES war in beiden Dentitionen und Altersgruppen besser als von Schülern mit GB. Die TH Schüler mit GB wiesen in beiden Dentitionen einen geringeren Kariesbefall und einen höheren Sanierungsgrad auf als die NI Schüler. Im Vergleich zu gesunden Altersgefährten sind Schüler mit GB oder PES in beiden Dentitionen häufiger und schwerer von Karies betroffen. Sie hatten einen geringeren Sanierungsgrad und waren seltener mit FV versorgt.
Schlussfolgerung Schüler mit PES oder GB haben einen unbefriedigenden Mundgesundheitsstatus und stellen zahnmedizinische Risikogruppen dar, wobei Schüler mit PES stärker von Karies und odontogenen Infektionen betroffen sind. Der Sanierungsgrad von Schülern mit GB ist im Vergleich zu Schülern mit PES und gesunden Altersgefährten unzureichend und signalisiert die Benachteiligung dieser vulnerablen Patientengruppen.
Globale Gesundheitspolitik ist mehr als Gefahrenabwehr
Authors: Holst Jens , Razum Oliver 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungGlobale Gesundheit steht zunehmend auf der internationalen politischen Tagesordnung und wird zum Thema bei länderübergreifenden Foren wie den G7- und G20-Gipfeltreffen. Dieser Trend ist ebenso überfällig wie begrüßenswert, auch wenn Reichweite und Inhalte der Diskussion eher beschränkt bleiben. Um die Gesundheit der Menschen weltweit zu erhalten und zu verbessern, erfordert globale öffentliche Gesundheitsfürsorge ein koordiniertes und kohärentes Vorgehen. Die Fähigkeit zum Umgang mit Epidemien ist sicherlich notwendig, betrifft aber nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt von globaler Gesundheit und wird solange unzureichend bleiben, wie die sozialen und gesundheitssystembedingten Ursachen fortbestehen. Die One-Health-Strategie ist ein wichtiger Ansatz im Kampf gegen Antibiotikaresistenzen. Ohne Lösung der entscheidenden ökonomischen Determinanten wird sich das Problem aber nicht überwinden lassen. Gesundheitssystemstärkung, das dritte größere globale Gesundheitsthema, erfordert eine tragfähige Mischung ausreichender Finanzierung, Infrastruktur, Fachkräften und gesellschaftlichen Faktoren, um den Zugang zu Gesundheit auf alle Menschen auszuweiten. Alle beabsichtigten und wünschenswerten Verbesserungen der globalen Gesundheit erfordern komplexe Querschnittsansätze, wenn sie wirksam und nachhaltig sein sollen; die bisher von den politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen vorgelegten Schritte sind eher klein und gehen nicht die wesentlichen Ursachen an. Globale Gesundheit muss mehr sein als das Herumflicken an Symptomen.
TOSCA, EXSCEL, DEVOTE, DEPICT und inTandem3
Authors: Schikora Stephanie 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungÜber 18 000 Teilnehmer konnten sich Mitte September in Lissabon auf dem Kongress der „European Association for the Study of Diabetes“ (EASD) aus erster Hand über zum Teil unerwartete Ergebnisse aktueller Studien informieren. Im Fokus standen dabei das kardiovaskuläre Nutzen-Risiko-Profil antidiabetischer Wirkstoffe, aber auch potenzielle neue Therapiestrategien für Patienten mit einem Typ-1-Diabetes.
Bacteriorhodopsin-like channelrhodopsins: Alternative mechanism for control of cation conductance
Authors: Sineshchekov Oleg A. , Govorunova Elena G. , Li Hai , Spudich John L. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Two well-characterized carboxylate residues catalyze vectorial proton transport in rhodopsin proton pumps, such as bacteriorhodopsin. We report the mechanism of a type of rhodopsin, a channelrhodopsin unique in that it exploits the same residues to accomplish a completely different process: opening and closing of a cation channel. This finding promises leaps in our understanding of how evolution modifies shared protein scaffolds to create new protein chemistry in homologous membrane proteins. Moreover, algal channelrhodopsins have become widespread molecular tools to manipulate membrane potential in cells with light (optogenetics). The structurally distinct, independently evolved channelrhodopsins studied here open the possibility for discovery of optogenetic tools with new properties. Our results provide insights into the conductance mechanisms of these channelrhodopsins.
Transcriptome Assessment of Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions in Patients With Early Lyme Disease Reveals Predominant Interferon Signaling
Authors: Marques Adriana , Schwartz Ira , Wormser Gary P , Wang Yanmei , Hornung Ronald L , Demirkale Cumhur Y , Munson Peter J , Turk Siu-Ping , Williams Carla , Lee Chyi-Chia Richard , Yang Jun , Petzke Mary M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe most common clinical manifestation of early Lyme disease is the erythema migrans (EM) skin lesion that develops at the tick bite site typically between 7 and 14 days after infection with Borreliella burgdorferi. The host-pathogen interactions that occur in the skin may have a critical role in determining outcome of infection.MethodsGene arrays were used to characterize the global transcriptional alterations in skin biopsy samples of EM lesions from untreated adult patients with Lyme disease in comparison to controls.ResultsThe transcriptional pattern in EM biopsies consisted of 254 differentially regulated genes (180 induced and 74 repressed) characterized by the induction of chemokines, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides, monocytoid cell activation markers, and numerous genes annotated as interferon (IFN)-inducible. The IFN-inducible genes included 3 transcripts involved in tryptophan catabolism (IDO1, KMO, KYNU) that play a pivotal role in immune evasion by certain other microbial pathogens by driving the differentiation of regulatory T cells.ConclusionsThis is the first study to globally assess the human skin transcriptional response during early Lyme disease. Borreliella burgdorferi elicits a predominant IFN signature in the EM lesion, suggesting a potential mechanism for spirochetal dissemination via IDO1-mediated localized immunosuppression.
Clinical documentation variations and NLP system portability: a case study in asthma birth cohorts across institutions
Authors: Sohn Sunghwan , Wang Yanshan , Wi Chung-Il , Krusemark Elizabeth A , Ryu Euijung , Ali Mir H , Juhn Young J , Liu Hongfang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess clinical documentation variations across health care institutions using different electronic medical record systems and investigate how they affect natural language processing (NLP) system portability.Materials and MethodsBirth cohorts from Mayo Clinic and Sanford Children’s Hospital (SCH) were used in this study (n = 298 for each). Documentation variations regarding asthma between the 2 cohorts were examined in various aspects: (1) overall corpus at the word level (ie, lexical variation), (2) topics and asthma-related concepts (ie, semantic variation), and (3) clinical note types (ie, process variation). We compared those statistics and explored NLP system portability for asthma ascertainment in 2 stages: prototype and refinement.ResultsThere exist notable lexical variations (word-level similarity = 0.669) and process variations (differences in major note types containing asthma-related concepts). However, semantic-level corpora were relatively homogeneous (topic similarity = 0.944, asthma-related concept similarity = 0.971). The NLP system for asthma ascertainment had anF-score of 0.937 at Mayo, and produced 0.813 (prototype) and 0.908 (refinement) when applied at SCH.DiscussionThe criteria for asthma ascertainment are largely dependent on asthma-related concepts. Therefore, we believe that semantic similarity is important to estimate NLP system portability. As the Mayo Clinic and SCH corpora were relatively homogeneous at a semantic level, the NLP system, developed at Mayo Clinic, was imported to SCH successfully with proper adjustments to deal with the intrinsic corpus heterogeneity.
Disability and Disability Culture
Authors: Mackelprang Romel W. , Parrey Ryan 
Published: October 2017

Social work has a rich history in working for the rights of people in society. The profession’s commitment to vulnerable and oppressed people and groups are codified in national and international ethical standards. Social justice and respecting the dignity and worth of people are core ethical principles. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities to clients include self-determination, cultural competence, and respect for diversity. Social workers have been at the forefront of social causes to improve the lives of individuals and groups as evidenced by the high regard that one of the profession’s founders, Jane Addams, a 1931 Nobel Peace Prize winner for her work on behalf of women, immigrants to the United States, peace activities, and involvement in the early years of the NAACP and ACLU. Addams’s work reflected her commitment to empowering diverse groups. She recognized that women, ethnic minorities, immigrants, and others were disadvantaged by society and not because of individual failings. Addams was an icon of human rights and valuing diversity, yet she was deeply ashamed of her disabilities. She deeply admired her father and recounts how she, “prayed with all my heart that the ugly, pigeon-toed little girl whose crooked back obliged her to walk with her head held very much to one side, would never be pointed out. . . as the daughter of this fine man,” lest she bring shame to him by his being associated with his “ugly duckling” daughter (Twenty years at hull house. Addams Publications, 1910. p. 3). Social work histories on Addams contain scant information and discussion about her disabilities. Had Addams lived today, she would have access to disabled role models and mentors within the disability community. And given her commitment to social justice, she would certainly be a disability rights advocate because she would have community and a context to operate in. This contribution to the social work body of literature elucidates a diversity approach to disability that includes disability pride, disability culture, and the contributions of disabled people in society. It builds on the literature such as the Oxford Bibliographies contribution of Rankin and colleagues (2015) in Social Work “Disabilities” that provides information for social workers to work with disabled people who are vulnerable and oppressed because of individual or social pathologies. It offers an alternative diversity-and-strengths-based definition of disability and disabled people in contrast to a “social problems” perspective. It provides resources in two broad-ranging areas of focus to help readers understand disability and disabled people as contributors to the diverse tapestry of society. The first entails academic and activist work in disability studies and the disability rights movement. The second includes cultural and artistic products constructed by disabled people that speak to disability as a socially organized phenomenon as well as a lived experience.
Chantal Akerman
Authors: Walsh Maria 
Published: October 2017

Chantal Akerman (b. 1950, Brussels, Belgium–d. 2015, Paris, France) was a Belgian film director who made over forty films, including features, documentaries, and shorts, many of which were created for French television. She also made over ten video art installations and wrote two autobiographical novellas and one play. Akerman’s desire to become a filmmaker was inspired by seeing Jean-Luc Godard’s Pierrot le fou (1965) when she was fifteen. Her first film, the thirteen-minute Saute ma ville (Blow Up My Town, 1968) was made shortly after leaving the Belgian film school INSAS, which she attended briefly in 1967. She also briefly attended the Université Internationale du Théâtre in Paris, leaving to pursue her own projects. After completing a second film in 1971, Akerman left Europe for New York, where she discovered the structuralist cinema of Michael Snow and the experimental autobiographical films of Jonas Mekas at the Anthology Film Archives. Both of these were lasting influences, informing her commitment to alternative ways of telling stories without using conventional narrative. She also met Babette Mangolte, who became her cinematographer for her New York films, as well as for the films she made between her two trips to the city in the early 1970s: Je tu il elle (1974) and Jeanne Dielman, 23, Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975). The latter film promoted her to auteur status and heralded her as a feminist director, its release coinciding with heated debates about women’s cinema and feminist film theory. In the 1980s and 1990s, Akerman drew on the clichés and tropes of genres such as romance, melodrama, comedy, and the musical, subjecting them all to her signature hyperreal, deconstructive style. While many of these films evidenced permutational narrative structures, her films are more generally associated with static camera shots and durational tracking sequences, making her foray into installation art in 1995 a logical extension of her work. Akerman’s documentaries, located in different corners of the world, extend the nomadic dimension of her cinema. From the late 1980s onward, themes of the Holocaust and Jewish diaspora became more overt in her work. Her final film, No Home Movie (2015), was an autobiographical documentary about her mother’s illness and death, the mother-daughter relationship being a predominant theme throughout her oeuvre. While Akerman is well regarded as a European/French cineaste, exhibitions of her installations and related feature films became an important form of distribution. A major touring US survey of Akerman’s installations was organized in 2009 by Blaffer Gallery, the Art Museum of the University of Houston, the MIT List Visual Arts Center, MAC@MAM, and the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis. A major UK exhibition of her installation works was held at Ambika P3, London, in 2015 as a finale to a unique year-long screening of all of her films at the ICA, London, organized with film collective A Nos Amours.