bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facing Marxist Orthodoxy: Western Marxism,The Making, and the Communist Historiographies of Czechoslovakia and Poland, 1948–1990
Authors: Kučera Rudolf 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough the impact of Thompson’s work outside the UK has been recognized and pointed to many times, the ways in which Thompsonian categories and concepts, or Marxist thought from the West more broadly, was received in the countries of the former Eastern Bloc remain rather unclear. AlthoughThe Makinghas never been translated into Polish, Czech, or Slovak, the historians of East-Central European countries were not totally cut off from Western scholarship. Major academic institutes and universities throughout the communist bloc maintained basic contacts with colleagues in the West, and Thompson’s work was known among some local social historians. Marxism from the West in general and Thompson’s work in particular posed challenges that had to be dealt with. This paper traces the ways in which historians of Poland and Czechoslovakia responded to these challenges to the official position of Marxist orthodoxy. TakingThe Makingas an example, it highlights the reception (or lack thereof) of Western influences on local scholarship, and the dynamics of these encounters – whether they were affirmative or critical – in relation to the changing political landscape of East-Central European countries after World War II.
The Chp1 chromodomain binds the H3K9me tail and the nucleosome core to assemble heterochromatin
Authors: Zocco Manuel , Marasovic Mirela , Pisacane Paola , Bilokapic Silvija , Halic Mario 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo maintain genome stability, cells pack large portions of their genome into silent chromatin or heterochromatin. Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, a hallmark of heterochromatin, is recognized by conserved readers called chromodomains. But how chromodomains interact with their actual binding partner, the H3K9 methylated nucleosome, remains elusive. We have determined the structure of a nucleosome trimethylated at lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3 Nucleosome) in a complex with the chromodomain of Chp1, a protein required for RNA interference-dependent heterochromatin formation in fission yeast. The cryo-electron microscopy structure reveals that the chromodomain of Chp1 binds the histone H3 lysine 9 methylated tail and the core of the nucleosome, primarily histones H3 and H2B. Mutations in chromodomain of Chp1 loops, which interact with the nucleosome core, abolished this interaction in vitro. Moreover, fission yeast cells with Chp1 loop mutations have a defect in Chp1 recruitment and heterochromatin formation. This study reveals the structural basis for heterochromatic silencing and suggests that chromodomains could read histone code in the H3 tail and the nucleosome core, which would provide an additional layer of regulation.
Genomics of a phototrophic nitrite oxidizer: insights into the evolution of photosynthesis and nitrification
Authors: Hemp James , Lücker Sebastian , Schott Joachim , Pace Laura A , Johnson Jena E , Schink Bernhard , Daims Holger , Fischer Woodward W 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved from anoxygenic ancestors before the rise of oxygen ~2.32 billion years ago; however, little is known about this transition. A high redox potential reaction center is a prerequisite for the evolution of the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II. Therefore, it is likely that high-potential phototrophy originally evolved to oxidize alternative electron donors that utilized simpler redox chemistry, such as nitrite or Mn. To determine whether nitrite could have had a role in the transition to high-potential phototrophy, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of Thiocapsa KS1, a Gammaproteobacteria capable of anoxygenic phototrophic nitrite oxidation. The genome revealed a high metabolic flexibility, which likely allows Thiocapsa KS1 to colonize a great variety of habitats and to persist under fluctuating environmental conditions. We demonstrate that Thiocapsa KS1 does not utilize a high-potential reaction center for phototrophic nitrite oxidation, which suggests that this type of phototrophic nitrite oxidation did not drive the evolution of high-potential phototrophy. In addition, phylogenetic and biochemical analyses of the nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) from Thiocapsa KS1 illuminate a complex evolutionary history of nitrite oxidation. Our results indicate that the NXR in Thiocapsa originates from a different nitrate reductase clade than the NXRs in chemolithotrophic nitrite oxidizers, suggesting that multiple evolutionary trajectories led to modern nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.
Cumulative early life adversity predicts longevity in wild baboons
Authors: Tung Jenny , Archie Elizabeth A. , Altmann Jeanne , Alberts Susan C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn humans and other animals, harsh circumstances in early life predict morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Multiple adverse conditions are thought to be especially toxic, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested in a prospective, longitudinal framework, especially in long-lived mammals. Here we use prospective data on 196 wild female baboons to show that cumulative early adversity predicts natural adult lifespan. Females who experience ≥3 sources of early adversity die a median of 10 years earlier than females who experience ≤1 adverse circumstances (median lifespan is 18.5 years). Females who experience the most adversity are also socially isolated in adulthood, suggesting that social processes partially explain the link between early adversity and adult survival. Our results provide powerful evidence for the developmental origins of health and disease and indicate that close ties between early adversity and survival arise even in the absence of health habit and health care-related explanations.
Super-complexes of adhesion GPCRs and neural guidance receptors
Authors: Jackson Verity A. , Mehmood Shahid , Chavent Matthieu , Roversi Pietro , Carrasquero Maria , del Toro Daniel , Seyit-Bremer Goenuel , Ranaivoson Fanomezana M. , Comoletti Davide , Sansom Mark S. P. , Robinson Carol V. , Klein Rüdiger , Seiradake Elena 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLatrophilin adhesion-GPCRs (Lphn1–3 or ADGRL1–3) and Unc5 cell guidance receptors (Unc5A–D) interact with FLRT proteins (FLRT1–3), thereby promoting cell adhesion and repulsion, respectively. How the three proteins interact and function simultaneously is poorly understood. We show that Unc5D interacts with FLRT2 in cis, controlling cell adhesion in response to externally presented Lphn3. The ectodomains of the three proteins bind cooperatively. Crystal structures of the ternary complex formed by the extracellular domains reveal that Lphn3 dimerizes when bound to FLRT2:Unc5, resulting in a stoichiometry of 1:1:2 (FLRT2:Unc5D:Lphn3). This 1:1:2 complex further dimerizes to form a larger ‘super-complex’ (2:2:4), using a previously undescribed binding motif in the Unc5D TSP1 domain. Molecular dynamics simulations, point-directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry demonstrate the stability and molecular properties of these complexes. Our data exemplify how receptors increase their functional repertoire by forming different context-dependent higher-order complexes.
Multivalent display of minimal Clostridium difficile glycan epitopes mimics antigenic properties of larger glycans
Authors: Broecker Felix , Hanske Jonas , Martin Christopher E. , Baek Ju Yuel , Wahlbrink Annette , Wojcik Felix , Hartmann Laura , Rademacher Christoph , Anish Chakkumkal , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSynthetic cell-surface glycans are promising vaccine candidates against Clostridium difficile. The complexity of large, highly antigenic and immunogenic glycans is a synthetic challenge. Less complex antigens providing similar immune responses are desirable for vaccine development. Based on molecular-level glycan–antibody interaction analyses, we here demonstrate that the C. difficile surface polysaccharide-I (PS-I) can be resembled by multivalent display of minimal disaccharide epitopes on a synthetic scaffold that does not participate in binding. We show that antibody avidity as a measure of antigenicity increases by about five orders of magnitude when disaccharides are compared with constructs containing five disaccharides. The synthetic, pentavalent vaccine candidate containing a peptide T-cell epitope elicits weak but highly specific antibody responses to larger PS-I glycans in mice. This study highlights the potential of multivalently displaying small oligosaccharides to achieve antigenicity characteristic of larger glycans. The approach may result in more cost-efficient carbohydrate vaccines with reduced synthetic effort.
Genetically encoded photocrosslinkers locate the high-affinity binding site of antidepressant drugs in the human serotonin transporter
Authors: Rannversson Hafsteinn , Andersen Jacob , Sørensen Lena , Bang-Andersen Benny , Park Minyoung , Huber Thomas , Sakmar Thomas P. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite the well-established role of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) in the treatment of depression, the molecular details of antidepressant drug binding are still not fully understood. Here we utilize amber codon suppression in a membrane-bound transporter protein to encode photocrosslinking unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into 75 different positions in hSERT. UAAs are incorporated with high specificity, and functionally active transporters have similar transport properties and pharmacological profiles compared with wild-type transporters. We employ ultraviolet-induced crosslinking with p-azido-L-phenylalanine (azF) at selected positions in hSERT to map the binding site of imipramine, a prototypical tricyclic antidepressant, and vortioxetine, a novel multimodal antidepressant. We find that the two antidepressants crosslink with azF incorporated at different positions within the central substrate-binding site of hSERT, while no crosslinking is observed at the vestibular-binding site. Taken together, our data provide direct evidence for defining the high-affinity antidepressant binding site in hSERT.
Integrated multi-omics analysis of oligodendroglial tumours identifies three subgroups of 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas
Authors: Kamoun Aurélie , Idbaih Ahmed , Dehais Caroline , Elarouci Nabila , Carpentier Catherine , Letouzé Eric , Colin Carole , Mokhtari Karima , Jouvet Anne , Uro-Coste Emmanuelle , Martin-Duverneuil Nadine , Sanson Marc , Delattre Jean-Yves , Figarella-Branger Dominique , de Reyniès Aurélien , Ducray François ,   POLA network, Adam Clovis , Andraud Marie , Aubriot-Lorton Marie-Hélène , Bauchet Luc , Beauchesne Patrick , Bielle Franck , Blechet Claire , Campone Mario , Carpentier Antoine F. , Carpiuc Ioana , Cazals-Hatem Dominique , Chenard Marie-Pierre , Chiforeanu Danchristian , Chinot Olivier , Cohen-Moyal Elisabeth , Colin Philippe , Dam-Hieu Phong , Desenclos Christine , Desse Nicolas , Dhermain Frederic , Diebold Marie-Danièle , Eimer Sandrine , Faillot Thierry , Fesneau Mélanie , Fontaine Denys , Gaillard Stéphane , Gauchotte Guillaume , Gaultier Claude , Ghiringhelli François , Godard Joel , Gueye Edouard Marcel , Guillamo Jean Sebastien , Hamdi-Elouadhani Selma , Honnorat Jerome , Kemeny Jean Louis , Khallil Toufik , Labrousse François , Langlois Olivier , Laquerriere Annie , Larrieu-Ciron Delphine , Lechapt-Zalcman Emmanuelle , Guérinel Caroline Le , Levillain Pierre-Marie , Loiseau Hugues , Loussouarn Delphine , Maurage Claude-Alain , Menei Philippe , Motsuo Fotso Marie Janette , Noel Georges , Parker Fabrice , Peoc'h Michel , Polivka Marc , Quintin-Roué Isabelle , Ramirez Carole , Ricard Damien , Richard Pomone , Rigau Valérie , Rousseau Audrey , Runavot Gwenaelle , Sevestre Henri , Tortel Marie Christine , Vandenbos Fanny , Vauleon Elodie , Viennet Gabriel , Villa Chiara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOligodendroglial tumours (OT) are a heterogeneous group of gliomas. Three molecular subgroups are currently distinguished on the basis of the IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. Here we present an integrated analysis of the transcriptome, genome and methylome of 156 OT. Not only does our multi-omics classification match the current classification but also reveals three subgroups within 1p/19q co-deleted tumours, associated with specific expression patterns of nervous system cell types: oligodendrocyte, oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) and neuronal lineage. We confirm the validity of these three subgroups using public datasets. Importantly, the OPC-like group is associated with more aggressive clinical and molecular patterns, including MYC activation. We show that the MYC activation occurs through various alterations, including MYC genomic gain, MAX genomic loss, MYC hypomethylation and microRNA-34b/c down-regulation. In the lower grade glioma TCGA dataset, the OPC-like group is associated with a poorer outcome independently of histological grade. Our study reveals previously unrecognized heterogeneity among 1p/19q co-deleted tumours.
Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers
Authors: Rivnay Jonathan , Inal Sahika , Collins Brian A. , Sessolo Michele , Stavrinidou Eleni , Strakosas Xenofon , Tassone Christopher , Delongchamp Dean M. , Malliaras George G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor. While its hole transport properties have been the subject of intense investigation, recent work has turned to PEDOT:PSS as a mixed ionic/electronic conductor in applications including bioelectronics, energy storage and management, and soft robotics. Conducting polymers can efficiently transport both holes and ions when sufficiently hydrated, however, little is known about the role of morphology on mixed conduction. Here, we show that bulk ionic and electronic mobilities are simultaneously affected by processing-induced changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT:PSS films. We quantify domain composition, and find that domain purification on addition of dispersion co-solvents limits ion mobility, even while electronic conductivity improves. We show that an optimal morphology allows for the balanced ionic and electronic transport that is critical for prototypical mixed conductor devices. These findings may pave the way for the rational design of polymeric materials and processing routes to enhance devices reliant on mixed conduction.
NETosis and lack of DNase activity are key factors in Echis carinatus venom-induced tissue destruction
Authors: Katkar Gajanan D. , Sundaram Mahalingam S. , NaveenKumar Somanathapura K. , Swethakumar Basavarajaiah , Sharma Rachana D. , Paul Manoj , Vishalakshi Gopalapura J. , Devaraja Sannaningaiah , Girish Kesturu S. , Kemparaju Kempaiah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIndian Echis carinatus bite causes sustained tissue destruction at the bite site. Neutrophils, the major leukocytes in the early defence process, accumulate at the bite site. Here we show that E. carinatus venom induces neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The NETs block the blood vessels and entrap the venom toxins at the injection site, promoting tissue destruction. The stability of NETs is attributed to the lack of NETs-degrading DNase activity in E. carinatus venom. In a mouse tail model, mice co-injected with venom and DNase 1, and neutropenic mice injected with the venom, do not develop NETs, venom accumulation and tissue destruction at the injected site. Strikingly, venom-induced mice tail tissue destruction is also prevented by the subsequent injection of DNase 1. Thus, our study suggests that DNase 1 treatment may have a therapeutic potential for preventing the tissue destruction caused by snake venom.
Nanoparticle chemisorption printing technique for conductive silver patterning with submicron resolution
Authors: Yamada Toshikazu , Fukuhara Katsuo , Matsuoka Ken , Minemawari Hiromi , Tsutsumi Jun’ya , Fukuda Nobuko , Aoshima Keisuke , Arai Shunto , Makita Yuichi , Kubo Hitoshi , Enomoto Takao , Togashi Takanari , Kurihara Masato , Hasegawa Tatsuo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSilver nanocolloid, a dense suspension of ligand-encapsulated silver nanoparticles, is an important material for printing-based device production technologies. However, printed conductive patterns of sufficiently high quality and resolution for industrial products have not yet been achieved, as the use of conventional printing techniques is severely limiting. Here we report a printing technique to manufacture ultrafine conductive patterns utilizing the exclusive chemisorption phenomenon of weakly encapsulated silver nanoparticles on a photoactivated surface. The process includes masked irradiation of vacuum ultraviolet light on an amorphous perfluorinated polymer layer to photoactivate the surface with pendant carboxylate groups, and subsequent coating of alkylamine-encapsulated silver nanocolloids, which causes amine–carboxylate conversion to trigger the spontaneous formation of a self-fused solid silver layer. The technique can produce silver patterns of submicron fineness adhered strongly to substrates, thus enabling manufacture of flexible transparent conductive sheets. This printing technique could replace conventional vacuum- and photolithography-based device processing.
Use of the lichen Xanthoria mandschurica in monitoring atmospheric elemental deposition in the Taihang Mountains, Hebei, China
Authors: Liu Hua-Jie , Zhao Liang-Cheng , Fang Shi-Bo , Liu Si-Wa , Hu Jian-Sen , Wang Lei , Liu Xiao-Di , Wu Qing-Feng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAir pollution is a major concern in China. Lichens are a useful biomonitor for atmospheric elemental deposition but have rarely been used in North China. The aim of this study was to investigate the atmospheric depositions of 30 trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) in a region of the Taihang Mountains, Hebei Province, China using lichens as biomonitors. Epilithic foliose lichen Xanthoria mandschurica was sampled from 21 sites and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that 1) eight elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, P, Pb, Sb and Zn) are of atmospheric origin and are highly influenced by the atmospheric transportation from the North China Plain, as well as local mining activities, while 2) the remaining 22 elements are primarily of crustal origin, the concentration of which has been enhanced by local mining and quarrying activities. These results clearly validate the applicability of lichens in biomonitoring of atmospheric elemental deposition and demonstrate the spatial pattern for air pollution in the region.
Design and development of novel MRI compatible zirconium- ruthenium alloys with ultralow magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Li H.F. , Zhou F.Y. , Li L. , Zheng Y.F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the present study, novel MRI compatible zirconium-ruthenium alloys with ultralow magnetic susceptibility were developed for biomedical and therapeutic devices under MRI diagnostics environments. The results demonstrated that alloying with ruthenium into pure zirconium would significantly increase the strength and hardness properties. The corrosion resistance of zirconium-ruthenium alloys increased significantly. High cell viability could be found and healthy cell morphology observed when culturing MG 63 osteoblast-like cells and L-929 fibroblast cells with zirconium-ruthenium alloys, whereas the hemolysis rates of zirconium-ruthenium alloys are <1%, much lower than 5%, the safe value for biomaterials according to ISO 10993-4 standard. Compared with conventional biomedical 316L stainless steel, Co–Cr alloys and Ti-based alloys, the magnetic susceptibilities of the zirconium-ruthenium alloys (1.25 × 10−6cm3·g−1–1.29 × 10−6cm3·g−1for zirconium-ruthenium alloys) are ultralow, about one-third that of Ti-based alloys (Ti–6Al–4V, ~3.5 × 10−6cm3·g−1, CP Ti and Ti–6Al–7Nb, ~3.0 × 10−6cm3·g−1) and one-sixth that of Co–Cr alloys (Co–Cr–Mo, ~7.7 × 10−6cm3·g−1). Among the Zr–Ru alloy series, Zr–1Ru demonstrates enhanced mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance and cell viability with lowest magnetic susceptibility and thus is the optimal Zr–Ru alloy system as therapeutic devices under MRI diagnostics environments.
Solution-Processed Donor-Acceptor Polymer Nanowire Network Semiconductors For High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Lei Yanlian , Deng Ping , Li Jun , Lin Ming , Zhu Furong , Ng Tsz-Wai , Lee Chun-Sing , Ong Beng S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOrganic field-effect transistors (OFETs) represent a low-cost transistor technology for creating next-generation large-area, flexible and ultra-low-cost electronics. Conjugated electron donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers have surfaced as ideal channel semiconductor candidates for OFETs. However, high-molecular weight (MW) D-A polymer semiconductors, which offer high field-effect mobility, generally suffer from processing complications due to limited solubility. Conversely, the readily soluble, low-MW D-A polymers give low mobility. We report herein a facile solution process which transformed a lower-MW, low-mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (I) into a high crystalline order and high-mobility semiconductor for OFETs applications. The process involved solution fabrication of a channel semiconductor film from a lower-MW (I) and polystyrene blends. With the help of cooperative shifting motion of polystyrene chain segments, (I) readily self-assembled and crystallized out in the polystyrene matrix as an interpenetrating, nanowire semiconductor network, providing significantly enhanced mobility (over 8 cm2V−1s−1), on/off ratio (107), and other desirable field-effect properties that meet impactful OFET application requirements.
Detection and characterization of two co-infection variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) in young layer chickens using next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Tang Yi , Lin Lin , Sebastian Aswathy , Lu Huaguang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing next-generation sequencing (NGS) for full genomic characterization studies of the newly emerging avian orthoreovirus (ARV) field strains isolated in Pennsylvania poultry, we identified two co-infection ARV variant strains from one ARV isolate obtained from ARV-affected young layer chickens. The de novo assembly of the ARV reads generated 19 contigs of two different ARV variant strains according to 10 genome segments of each ARV strain. The two variants had the same M2 segment. The complete genomes of each of the two variant strains were 23,493 bp in length and 10 dsRNA segments ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1), encoding 12 viral proteins. Sequence comparison of nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed 58.1–100% and 51.4–100% aa identity between the two variant strains and 54.3–89.4% and 49.5–98.1% aa identity between the two variants and classic vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a moderate to significant nt sequence divergence between the two variant and ARV reference strains. These findings have demonstrated the first naturally occurring co-infection of two ARV variants in commercial young layer chickens, providing scientific evidence that multiple ARV strains can be simultaneously present in one host species of chickens.