bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Donath‐Landsteiner hemolytic anemia: a pediatric case report
Authors: Prince Sara D. , Winestone Lena E. , Nance Sandra J. , Friedman David F. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDParoxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by the Donath‐Landsteiner antibody (D‐L antibody). In children, this is typically a transient immune‐mediated hemolysis that follows a viral illness and does not recur. Recurrent acute or chronic PCH due to D‐L antibody is very rare.CASE REPORTWe have reported a unique case of recurrent PCH in a 5‐year‐old boy with two acute episodes of hemolysis separated by 21 months of hematologic remission. Each episode was severe requiring red blood cell transfusions, intravenous methylprednisolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin during the second episode. Testing identified recurrence of the D‐L antibody with the classic anti‐P biphasic hemolysis.CONCLUSIONThis demonstrates that PCH can be a recurrent disease in the pediatric population (in the absence of syphilis) with the classical D‐L antibody.
Major complications of tibial tuberosity advancement in 1613 dogs
Authors: Costa Mario , Craig Diane , Cambridge Tony , Sebestyen Peter , Su Yuhua , Fahie Maria A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo report major postoperative complications in 1613 dogs with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).Study designRetrospective case series.Sample populationDogs (n = 1613) with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency treated with TTA.MethodsMedical records of TTAs performed between December 2007‐2013 were reviewed for age, sex, weight, contralateral stifle surgery, surgical approach, duration of preoperative lameness, presence of meniscal damage, concurrent patellar luxation and simultaneous bilateral TTA. Major postoperative complications were defined as surgical site infection (SSI) (superficial, deep, or organ/space), implant failure, fracture, patellar luxation, and meniscal tear.ResultsMajor complications were recorded in 13.4% of cases. Superficial SSI (incisional irritation) was diagnosed in 6.9% cases, requiring only antimicrobial therapy. Other complications included postliminary medial meniscal tear (2% incidence), deep SSI (incisional dehiscence, 1.1%), implant failure (1%), patellar luxation (1.2%), fracture (0.9%), and organ/space SSI (septic arthritis, 0.4%). Dogs with normal menisci were less likely to develop postliminary meniscal tears if the medial meniscus was released at the time of TTA (P < .0001). No association was detected between recorded parameters and complications, although dogs >8 years old approached significance (P = .05) in terms of predisposition to major complications.ConclusionsMajor complications after TTA are uncommon, even in dogs with concurrent patellar luxation or bilateral simultaneous procedures. In spite of its morbidity, medial meniscal release may prevent postliminary meniscal tears.
Reduced blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses during exercise in lowlanders acclimatizing to high altitude
Authors: Boulet Lindsey M. , Lovering Andrew T. , Tymko Michael M. , Day Trevor A. , Stembridge Mike , Nguyen Trang Anh , Ainslie Philip N. , Foster Glen E. 
Published: March 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to determine, using the technique of agitated saline contrast echocardiography, whether exercise after 4–7 days at 5050 m would affect blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses () compared with exercise at sea level.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Despite a significant increase in both cardiac output and pulmonary pressure during exercise at high altitude, there is very little at rest or during exercise after 4–7 days of acclimatization. Mathematical modelling suggests that bubble instability at high altitude is an unlikely explanation for the reduced .

Blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses () is elevated during exercise at sea level (SL) and at rest in acute normobaric hypoxia. After high altitude (HA) acclimatization, resting is similar to that at SL, but it is unknown whether this is true during exercise at HA. We reasoned that exercise at HA (5050 m) would exacerbate as a result of heightened pulmonary arterial pressure. Using a supine cycle ergometer, seven healthy adults free from intracardiac shunts underwent an incremental exercise test at SL [25, 50 and 75% of SL peak oxygen consumption ()] and at HA (25 and 50% of SL ). Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac output () and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and agitated saline contrast was used to determine (bubble score; 0–5). The principal findings were as follows: (i) was similar at SL rest (3.9 ± 0.47 l min−1) compared with HA rest (4.5 ± 0.49 l min−1; P = 0.382), but increased from rest during both SL and HA exercise (P < 0.001); (ii) PASP increased from SL rest (19.2 ± 0.7 mmHg) to HA rest (33.7 ± 2.8 mmHg; P = 0.001) and, compared with SL, PASP was further elevated during HA exercise (P = 0.003); (iii) was increased from SL rest (0) to HA rest (median = 1; P = 0.04) and increased from resting values during SL exercise (P < 0.05), but was unchanged during HA exercise (P = 0.91), despite significant increases in and PASP. Theoretical modelling of microbubble dissolution suggests that the lack of in response to exercise at HA is unlikely to be caused by saline contrast instability.
Increased transient Na+ conductance and action potential output in layer 2/3 prefrontal cortex neurons of the fmr1−/y mouse
Authors: Routh Brandy N. , Rathour Rahul K. , Baumgardner Michael E. , Kalmbach Brian E. , Johnston Daniel , Brager Darrin H. 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Layer 2/3 neurons of the prefrontal cortex display higher gain of somatic excitability, responding with a higher number of action potentials for a given stimulus, in fmr1−/y mice.
In fmr1−/y L2/3 neurons, action potentials are taller, faster and narrower.
Outside‐out patch clamp recordings revealed that the maximum Na+ conductance density is higher in fmr1−/y L2/3 neurons.
Measurements of three biophysically distinct K+ currents revealed a depolarizing shift in the activation of a rapidly inactivating (A‐type) K+ conductance.
Realistic neuronal simulations of the biophysical observations recapitulated the elevated action potential and repetitive firing phenotype.
AbstractFragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental impairment and autism. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher order cognitive processing, and prefrontal dysfunction is believed to underlie many of the cognitive and behavioural phenotypes associated with fragile X syndrome. We recently demonstrated that somatic and dendritic excitability of layer (L) 5 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of the fmr1−/y mouse is significantly altered due to changes in several voltage‐gated ion channels. In addition to L5 pyramidal neurons, L2/3 pyramidal neurons play an important role in prefrontal circuitry, integrating inputs from both lower brain regions and the contralateral cortex. Using whole‐cell current clamp recording, we found that L2/3 pyramidal neurons in prefrontal cortex of fmr1−/y mouse fired more action potentials for a given stimulus compared with wild‐type neurons. In addition, action potentials in fmr1−/y neurons were significantly larger, faster and narrower. Voltage clamp of outside‐out patches from L2/3 neurons revealed that the transient Na+ current was significantly larger in fmr1−/y neurons. Furthermore, the activation curve of somatic A‐type K+ current was depolarized. Realistic conductance‐based simulations revealed that these biophysical changes in Na+ and K+ channel function could reliably reproduce the observed increase in action potential firing and altered action potential waveform. These results, in conjunction with our prior findings on L5 neurons, suggest that principal neurons in the circuitry of the medial prefrontal cortex are altered in distinct ways in the fmr1−/y mouse and may contribute to dysfunctional prefrontal cortex processing in fragile X syndrome.
Draft Genome Sequences of Tersicoccus phoenicis DSM 30849
T
, Isolated from a Cleanroom for Spacecraft Assembly, and
Tersicoccus
sp. Strain Bi-70, Isolated from a Freshwater Lake
Authors: Nakajima Yu , Yoshizawa Susumu , Nakamura Keiji , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Kogure Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of
Tersicoccus phoenicis
DSM 30849
T
, isolated from a spacecraft assembly cleanroom at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and
Tersicoccus
sp. strain Bi-70, isolated from Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. These genome sequences facilitate our understanding of the adaptation of these closely related strains to different habitats.
Draft Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Barra Grande (BG-1), a Brazilian Industrial Bioethanol-Producing Strain
Authors: Coutouné Natalia , Mulato Aline Tieppo Nogueira , Riaño-Pachón Diego Mauricio , Oliveira Juliana Velasco de Castro 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
BG-1, a Brazilian industrial strain widely used for bioethanol production from sugarcane. The 11.7-Mb genome sequence consists of 216 scaffolds and harbors 5,607 predicted protein-coding genes.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Escherichia coli Phages, vB_EcoM_ ESCO5 and vB_EcoM_ESCO13, Which Are Related to phAPEC8
Authors: Trotereau Angélina , Gonnet Mathieu , Viardot Antoine , Lalmanach Anne-Christine , Guabiraba Rodrigo , Chanteloup Nathalie Katy , Schouler Catherine 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequences of two
Myoviridae
phages that infect various avian-pathogenic
Escherichia coli
strains and that are closely related to phage phAPEC8.
Therapy of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Seaworth Barbara J. , Griffith David E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The global epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin was recently reported as larger than previously estimated, with at least 580,000 new cases reported in 2015. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), MDR-TB with additional resistance to a second-line fluoroquinolone and injectable, continues to account for nearly 10% of MDR cases globally. Cases in India, China, and the Russian Federation account for >45% of the cases of MDR-TB. Molecular testing helps identify MDR more quickly, and treatment options have expanded across the globe. Despite this, only 20% are in treatment, and treatment is challenging due to the toxicity of medications and the long duration. In 2016 the World Health Organization updated guidelines for the treatment of MDR-TB. A new short-course regimen is an option for those who qualify. Five effective drugs, including pyrazinamide (PZA) when possible, are recommended during the initial treatment phase and four drugs thereafter. Revised drug classifications include the use of linezolid and clofazimine as key second-line drugs and the option to use bedaquiline and delamanid to complete a five-drug regimen when needed due to poor medication tolerance or extensive resistance. Despite multiple drugs and long-duration treatment regimens, the outcomes for MDR and especially XDR-TB are much worse than for drug-susceptible disease. Better management of toxicity, prevention of transmission, and identification and appropriate management of infected contacts are important challenges for the future.
Pen needle design influences ease of insertion, pain, and skin trauma in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Præstmark Kezia A , Jensen Morten L , Madsen Nils B , Kildegaard Jonas , Stallknecht Bente M 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivePen needles used for subcutaneous injections have gradually become shorter, thinner and more thin walled, and thereby less robust to patient reuse. Thus, different needle sizes, alternative tip designs and needles resembling reuse were tested to explore how needle design influences ease of insertion, pain and skin trauma.Research design and methods30 subjects with injection-treated type 2 diabetes and body mass index 25–35 kg/m2were included in the single-blinded study. Each subject received abdominal insertions with 18 different types of needles. All needles were tested twice per subject and in random order. Penetration force (PF) through the skin, pain perception on 100 mm visual analog scale, and change in skin blood perfusion (SBP) were quantified after the insertions.ResultsNeedle diameter was positively related to PF and SBP (p<0.05) and with a positive pain trend relation. Lack of needle lubrication and small ‘needle hooks’ increased PF and SBP (p<0.05) but did not affect pain. Short-tip, obtuse needle grinds affected PF and SBP, but pain was only significantly affected in extreme cases. PF in skin and in polyurethane rubber were linearly related, and pain outcome was dependent of SBP increase.ConclusionsThe shape and design of a needle and the needle tip affect ease of insertion, pain and skin trauma. Relations are seen across different data acquisition methods and across species, enabling needle performance testing outside of clinical trials.Trial registration numberNCT02531776; results.
Venous thromboembolism in adults screened for sickle cell trait: a population-based cohort study with nested case–control analysis
Authors: Little Iain , Vinogradova Yana , Orton Elizabeth , Kai Joe , Qureshi Nadeem 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether sickle cell carriers (‘sickle cell trait’) have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).DesignCohort study with nested case–control analysis.SettingGeneral population with data from 609 UK general practices in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).ParticipantsAll individuals registered with a CPRD general practice between 1998 and 2013, with a medical record of screening for sickle cell between 18 and 75 years of age.Main outcomes measuresIncidence of VTE per 10 000 person-years (PY) among sickle cell carriers and non-carriers; and adjusted OR for VTE among sickle cell carriers compared with non-carriers.ResultsWe included 30 424 individuals screened for sickle cell, with a follow-up time of 179 503 PY, identifying 55 VTEs in 6758 sickle cell carriers and 125 VTEs in 23 666 non-carriers. VTE incidence among sickle cell carriers (14.9/10 000 PY; 95% CI 11.4 to 19.4) was significantly higher than non-carriers (8.8/10 000 PY; 95% CI 7.4 to 10.4). Restricting analysis to confirmed non-carriers was non-significant, but performed on a small sample. In the case–control analysis (180 cases matched to 1775 controls by age and gender), sickle cell carriers remained at increased risk of VTE after adjusting for body mass index, pregnancy, smoking status and ethnicity (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.69, p=0.006), with the greatest risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 4.39, p=0.011).ConclusionsAlthough absolute numbers are small, in a general population screened for sickle cell, carriers have a higher incidence and risk of VTE, particularly PE, than non-carriers. Clinicians should be aware of this elevated risk in the clinical care of sickle cell carriers, or when discussing carrier screening, and explicitly attend to modifiable risk factors for VTE in these individuals. More complete primary care coding of carrier status could improve analysis.
Spin in RCTs of anxiety medication with a positive primary outcome: a comparison of concerns expressed by the US FDA and in the published literature
Authors: Beijers Lian , Jeronimus Bertus F , Turner Erick H , de Jonge Peter , Roest Annelieke M 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the presence of spin in papers on positive randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of antidepressant medication for anxiety disorders by comparing concerns expressed in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews with those expressed in the published paper.MethodsFor every positive anxiety medication trial with a matching publication (n=41), two independent reviewers identified the concerns raised in the US FDA reviews and those in the published literature. Spin was identified when concerns or limitations were expressed by the FDA (about the efficacy of the study drug) but not in the corresponding published paper. Concerns mentioned in the papers but not by the FDA were scored as ‘non-FDA’ concerns.FindingsOnly six out of 35 (17%) of the FDA concerns pertaining to drug efficacy were reported in the papers. Two papers mentioned a concern that fit the FDA categories, but was not mentioned in the corresponding FDA review. Eighty-seven non-FDA concerns were counted, which often reflected general concerns or concerns related to the study design.ConclusionsResults indicate the presence of substantial spin in the clinical trial literature on drugs for anxiety disorders. In papers describing RCTs on anxiety medication, the concerns raised by the authors differed from those raised by the FDA. Published papers mentioned a large number of generic concerns about RCTs, such as a lack of long-term research and limited generalisability, while they mentioned few concerns about drug efficacy. These results warrant the promotion of independent statistical review, reporting of patient-level data, more study of spin, and an increased expectation that authors report FDA concerns.
miR-10b is a prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Khella Heba W Z , Daniel Nicole , Youssef Leza , Scorilas Andreas , Nofech-Mozes Roy , Mirham Lorna , Krylov Sergey N , Liandeau Evi , Krizova Adriana , Finelli Antonio , Cheng Yufeng , Yousef George M 
Published: March 2017

AimsClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common adult kidney cancer. It is an aggressive tumour with unpredictable outcome. The currently used clinical parameters are not always accurate for predicting disease behaviour. miR-10b is dysregulated in different malignancies including RCC.MethodsWe assessed the clinical utility of miR-10b as a prognostic marker in 250 patients with primary ccRCC. We examined the correlation between miR-10b and clinicopathological parameters. We compared miR-10b expression among different RCC subtypes and normal kidney tissue.ResultsWe observed a stepwise decrease of miR-10b expression from normal kidney to primary ccRCC and a further decrease from primary to metastatic RCC. miR-10b expression was significantly lower in stages III/IV compared with stages I/II (p=0.038). Using a binary cut-off, miR-10b-positive patients had significantly longer disease-free survival (HR=0.47, CI 0.28 to 0.79, p=0.004). In the subgroup of patients with tumour size >4 cm, higher miR-10b expression was associated with significant longer disease-free and overall survival (p=0.001 and p=0.036, respectively). miR-10b was significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal kidney (p<0.0001), and oncocytoma (p=0.031). It was also downregulated in chromophobe RCC. In addition, we identified a number of miR-10b-predicted targets and pathways that are involved in tumourigenesis.ConclusionsOur data point to miR-10b as a promising prognostic marker in ccRCC with potential therapeutic applications.
Are babies conceived during Ramadan born smaller and sooner than babies conceived at other times of the year? A Born in Bradford Cohort Study
Authors: Daley Amanda , Pallan Miranda , Clifford Sue , Jolly Kate , Bryant Maria , Adab Peymane , Cheng K K , Roalfe Andrea 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIt is not known whether infants exposed to intermittent maternal fasting at conception are born smaller or have a higher risk of premature birth than those who are not. Doctors are therefore unsure about what advice to give women about the safety of Ramadan fasting. This cohort study aimed to investigate these questions in Muslim mother–infant pairs to inform prenatal care.MethodsRoutinely collected data accessed from maternity records were the source for information. Mothers were considered exposed if they were Muslim and Ramadan overlapped with their infant conception date, estimated to be 14 days after the last menstrual period. Infants were included as exposed if their estimated conception date was in the first 21 days of Ramadan or 7 days prior to Ramadan.ResultsAfter adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, infant gender, maternal body mass index at booking, smoking status, gestational diabetes, parity and year of birth, there was no significant difference in birth weight between infants born to Muslim mothers who were conceived during Ramadan (n=479) and those who were not (n=4677) (adjusted mean difference =24.3 g, 95% CI −16.4 to 64.9). There was no difference in rates of premature births in exposed and unexposed women (5.2% vs 4.9%; OR=1.08, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.65).ConclusionsHealthy Muslim women considering becoming pregnant prior to, or during Ramadan, can be advised that fasting does not seem to have a detrimental effect on the size (weight) of their baby and it appears not to increase the likelihood of giving birth prematurely.
Is vascular endothelial growth factor a useful biomarker in giant cell arteritis?
Authors: Goodfellow Nicola , Morlet Julien , Singh Surjeet , Sabokbar Afsie , Hutchings Andrew , Sharma Vanshika , Vaskova Jana , Masters Shauna , Zarei Allahdad , Luqmani Raashid 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the performance of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels as a tool for diagnosing giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a cohort of patients referred for assessment of suspected GCA.MethodsWe selected 298 patients recruited to the multicentre study Temporal Artery Biopsy versus Ultrasound in diagnosis of suspected GCA (TABUL). In a random subset of 26 biopsy-proven GCA cases and 26 controls, serum from weeks 0, 2 and 26 was analysed for VEGF concentration using ELISA. VEGF concentration at week 0 was used to generate a receiver-operating characteristic curve and thereby identify a cut-off for an abnormal result which was used to analyse the full patient cohort. Sections of paraffin-embedded temporal artery were stained by immunohistochemistry for VEGF.ResultsThe mean (95% CI) VEGF concentration at week 0 was 873 pg/mL (631 to 1110) in 26 patients versus 476 pg/mL (328 to 625) in 26 controls (p=0.017). This difference was not observed at any other time point. The optimal cut-off of 713 pg/mL was applied to the whole patient cohort (n=298), yielding sensitivity of 32% and specificity of 85%. This was not improved by combination with any clinical parameters. When patients with biopsy-proven GCA were compared with controls, sensitivity was 58% and specificity remained 85%. Sections of biopsy from biopsy-positive GCA showed intense staining in the adventitia which was not seen in controls.ConclusionsSerum VEGF concentration predicts biopsy positivity but is not useful for differentiating clinical cases of GCA from controls. Further studies into VEGF as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target are warranted.Trial registration numberNCT00974883; Post-results.