bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCR6 promotes steady‐state mononuclear phagocyte association with the intestinal epithelium, imprinting and immune surveillance
Authors: McDonald Keely G. , Wheeler Leroy W. , McDole Jeremiah R. , Joerger Shannon , Gustafsson Jenny K. , Kulkarni Devesha H. , Knoop Kathryn A. , Williams Ifor R. , Miller Mark J. , Newberry Rodney D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains antigen‐presenting cells with features of dendritic cells and macrophages, collectively referred to as mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs). Association of MNPs with the epithelium is thought to play an important role in multiple facets of intestinal immunity including imprinting MNPs with the ability to induce IgA production, inducing the expression of gut homing molecules on T cells, facilitating the capture of luminal antigens and microbes, and subsequent immune responses in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN). However, the factors promoting this process in the steady state are largely unknown, and in vivo models to test and confirm the importance of LP‐MNP association with the epithelium for these outcomes are unexplored. Evaluation of epithelial expression of chemoattractants in mice where MNP–epithelial associations were impaired suggested CCL20 as a candidate promoting epithelial association. Expression of CCR6, the only known receptor for CCL20, was required for MNPs to associate with the epithelium. LP‐MNPs from CCR6−/− mice did not display defects in acquiring antigen and stimulating T‐cell responses in ex vivo assays or in responses to antigen administered systemically. However, LP‐MNPs from CCR6‐deficient mice were impaired at acquiring luminal and epithelial antigens, inducing IgA production in B cells, inducing immune responses in the MLN, and capturing and trafficking luminal commensal bacteria to the MLN. These findings identify a crucial role for CCR6 in promoting LP‐MNPs to associate with the intestinal epithelium in the steady state to perform multiple functions promoting gut immune homeostasis.
Compression therapy – cross‐sectional observational survey about knowledge and practical treatment of specialised and non‐specialised nurses and therapists
Authors: Heyer Kristina , Protz Kerstin , Augustin Matthias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKnowledge about methods and materials and their correct usage is the basis for compression therapy. This study compares knowledge and practical skills of participants with further training with those who had no training. This comparison provides information on whether further qualifications have an impact on knowledge and practical skills.In seminars for compression therapy, data on specific and non‐specific expertise were acquired. A practical test determined the participants' skills for creating a compression bandage in a pressure value range of 50–60 mmHg.In total, 1338 participants with specific expertise and 138 participants with non‐specific expertise took part. Knowledge evaluation showed that 7·9% of the specific expertise group had knowledge regarding padding, 10% regarding multi‐component systems and 13·6% regarding ulcer stocking systems. In the practical test, 12·3% of all participants achieved the target range.The majority of users in both groups is not familiar with the different compression materials or their appropriate usage. In the non‐specific expertise group, knowledge concerning up‐to‐date materials and methods is one‐third lower. The practical test showed major deficits on both sides. Appropriate exercises, for example, with pressure‐measuring devices, should be mandatory for all professional groups who perform compression bandaging.
The detrimental impact of extracellular bacterial proteases on wound healing
Authors: Lindsay Sharon , Oates Angela , Bourdillon Katie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn addition to clinical signs of infection (e.g. inflammation, purulence and pain), a microbial count of ≥105 colony‐forming units/g has historically been used to define wound infection. However, it is increasingly recognised that, rather than a high bioburden level alone being detrimental to wound healing, it is the virulence of the invading microorganism and the host's immune status that can affect clinical outcomes. Bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, have developed a range of virulence factors to help them overcome host defences and proliferate within the underlying soft tissue. More specifically, bacterial proteases are one such virulence factor that has been implicated in promoting the invasion and destruction of the host tissue. Because of the complexities of microorganisms, the proteases can negatively impact the wound environment, leading to delayed wound healing. The aim of the present paper is to describe various extracellular bacterial proteases; review the impact they have on the wound environment, the host immune response and biofilms; and discuss potential wound management strategies against them. The evidence discussed suggests that proteases may play a profound role in wound infections, contribute to the development of an inflammatory response and impede wound healing.
Effect of the morphology of solution‐grown ZnO nanostructures on gas‐sensing properties
Authors: Zhang Shaolin , Nguyen Son T. , Nguyen Thuy H. , Yang Woochul , Noh Jin‐Seo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite the great potential of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures as a sensing material for high‐performance gas sensors, the correlation between the morphology of ZnO nanostructure and its gas‐sensing performance has not been systematically investigated yet. In this work, ZnO nanostructures with controlled morphologies were synthesized by low‐temperature solution route and chemical bath deposition method. Thin film gas sensors were fabricated from the nanostructures and the sensor performance such as the response, recovery time, and stability was examined for several gases. It is demonstrated that the gas‐sensing performance of a ZnO nanostructure sensor is strongly influenced by its morphology. One dimensional ZnO nanocones are highly promising for practical application to gas sensors, due to their large surface area per unit mass and unique conical structure.
Knowledge, understanding and experiences of peritonitis amongst patients, and their families, undertaking peritoneal dialysis: A mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Baillie Jessica , Gill Paul , Courtenay Molly 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis article is a report of a study protocol designed to examine patients’ and families’ knowledge and experiences of peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis.BackgroundPeritonitis is a considerable problem for people using peritoneal dialysis, leading to antibiotics, hospitalization and decreased quality of life. For some patients, peritonitis requires changing renal replacement therapy and can be fatal. Peritonitis is distressing and some patients are unfamiliar with the signs and symptoms. Patients with better knowledge of peritonitis and adherence to peritoneal dialysis procedures have lower rates of peritonitis. Little is known about patients’ and families’ knowledge and experience of peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis in the United Kingdom.DesignEthical approval was gained in March 2017. To meet the study aim, a two‐phase sequential explanatory mixed methods study is proposed.MethodsPhase One: An author‐developed questionnaire will be sent to patients using peritoneal dialysis at five sites in England and Wales. Patients will be asked to consider inviting a relative to participate. The questionnaire will assess peritonitis knowledge and experience. Data will be analysed statistically.Phase Two: Semi‐structured interviews will be conducted with a purposive sample of Phase One participants (n = 30) to explore their experiences of peritonitis in further depth. The data will be analysed thematically using Wolcott's (1994) approach.DiscussionData from the two phases will be synthesized to identify patients’ and families’ peritonitis information needs, to ensure they are appropriately supported to prevent, monitor, identify and report peritonitis.
Supraventricular premature beats and risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation in coronary artery disease
Authors: Nortamo Santeri , Kenttä Tuomas V. , Ukkola Olavi , Huikuri Heikki V. , Perkiömäki Juha S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe significance of premature atrial contraction (PAC) count and supraventricular runs (SVR) for the risk of development of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well established.MethodsThe Innovation to Reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes at the Intersection (ARTEMIS) study cohort consisted of 1,946 patients with CAD who underwent clinical and echocardiographic examinations, 24‐hour ambulatory ECG monitoring, and laboratory tests. After excluding patients who were not in sinus rhythm at baseline or were lost from the follow‐up, the present study included 1,710 patients. SVR was defined as at least four PACs in a row with a duration <30 seconds.ResultsDuring a follow‐up for an average 5.6 ± 1.5 years, new‐onset AF was identified in 143 (8.4%) patients. In the univariate analysis, both SVR and PAC count were associated with the development of new‐onset AF. When SVR and PAC count were adjusted with the established AF risk markers of the modified CHARGE‐AF model in the Cox multivariate regression analysis, both parameters remained significant predictors of the occurrence of new‐onset AF (HR = 2.529, 95 % CI = 1.763–3.628, P ˂ 0.001 and HR = 8.139 for ≥1,409 PACs [the fourth quartile] vs. ≤507 PACs [the first quartile], 95 % CI = 3.967–16.696, P ˂ 0.001, respectively). Together these parameters improved the C‐index of the established AF risk model from 0.649 to 0.718, P < 0.001.ConclusionIncluding SVR and PAC count to the established AF risk model improves the discrimination accuracy in predicting AF in patients with CAD.
Idiopathic male infertility related to periodontal and caries status
Authors: Práger Nándor , Pásztor Norbert , Várnagy Ákos , Kozinszky Zoltan , Baráth Zoltán , Gorzó István , Radnai Márta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study was undertaken to evaluate the possible correlation between the periodontal and dental status and sperm pathology in idiopathic male infertility.MethodsThe periodontal and caries status and semen quality of 199 men presented with unexplained male infertility were examined. Periodontal and dental factors were analysed by sperm pathology categories.ResultsA total of 106 men had normal sperm parameters, whereas 93 men had some type of spermpathology; 27.95% had oligozoospermia, 23.65% asthenozoospermia, 16.12% cryptozoospermia, 32.25% combined oligo‐asthenozoospermia. Poor periodontal status was found in about half of the study group (45.7%). The DMFT index was not a significantly higher in any of the spermpathology groups. The odds ratio of calculus, bleeding on probing (BOP) and BOP at ≥50% of the teeth were significantly higher in the combined group (AOR = 1.04, AOR = 1.13, AOR = 4.92, respectively) in multivariate analyses compared to those in the normozoospermia group. Gingival bleeding in the history and urban residency were the only predictors for pathospermia shown by the logistic regression model (AORs were 1.82 and 2.26, respectively).ConclusionsSome features of poor periodontal status, as gingival bleeding in the history, presence of calculus and BOP, were associated with oligo+asthenozoospermia in men with idiopathic infertility.
Rapid and sensitive detection of redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection by aptamer–coat protein–aptamer sandwich enzyme‐linked apta‐sorbent assay (ELASA)
Authors: Zhou L , Li P , Ni S , Yu Y , Yang M , Wei S , Qin Q 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRedspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is one of the most devastating pathogens in the aquaculture of the grouper, Epinephlus sp., worldwide. The early and rapid diagnosis of RGNNV is important for the prevention of RGNNV infection. In this study, an aptamer (A10)‐based sandwich enzyme‐linked apta‐sorbent assay (ELASA) was developed for RGNNV diagnosis. This sandwich ELASA showed high specificity for the RGNNV coat protein (CP) and virions in virus‐infected cells and tissues. At the optimized working concentration of 200 nM of aptamer, the ELASA could detect RGNNV in the lysates of as few as 4 × 103 RGNNV‐infected GB cells. Incubation for 10 min was sufficient to produce accurate results. The sandwich ELASA was most stable at incubation temperatures of 4–25°C, but could still distinguish RGNNV‐infected samples from the controls at 37°C. It could detect RGNNV infection in brain lysates diluted 1/10, with results consistent with those of reverse transcription PCR, although with 10% less sensitivity. The main equipment required includes dissection tools, a water bath, Pierce™ Streptavidin Coated Plates and a microplate reader. The sandwich ELASA has great potential utility for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of RGNNV in its early stages by fish farmers.
Using the method of triads in the validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the consumption of fatty acids in adults
Authors: da Silva D. C. G. , Segheto W. , de Lima M. F. C. , Pessoa M. C. , Pelúzio M. C. G. , Marchioni D. M. L. , Cunha D. B. , Longo G. Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is of great value to develop valid instruments to estimate food consumption; for this purpose, the triads method has been applied in validation studies of dietary intake to evaluate the correlation between three measurements [food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), reference method and biomarker]. The main aim of the present study was to validate a FFQ for Brazilian adults by means of the method of triads by estimating the ingestion of total fatty acids based on the level of saturation.MethodsThe present study enrolled 152 Brazilian adults of both sexes, who were residents in the city of Viçosa, Brazil. The ingestion of total saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids was assessed by means of a FFQ, two food records, and biomarkers, which were detected by gas chromatography. The validation coefficients were calculated using the method of triads and concordance was determined by Kappa statistics.ResultsThe FFQ was considered an adequate dietary method, because, based on the validation coefficients, it estimates the intake of total fat (0.84), as well as linolenic (0.90) and linoleic acids (0.31). A high concordance rate was confirmed for all nutrients assessed by the FFQ and food records. Regarding the biomarkers, linolenic acid and linoleic acid presented greater concordance.ConclusionsAccording to the validation coefficients, the FFQ precisely estimated total fat, linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents.
Exploring the interior of cuticles and compressions of fossil plants by FIB‐SEM milling and image microscopy
Authors: SENDER L.M. , ESCAPA I. , BENEDETTI A. , CÚNEO R. , DIEZ J.B. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe present the first study of cuticles and compressions of fossil leaves by Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB‐SEM). Cavities preserved inside fossil leaf compressions corresponding to substomatal chambers have been observed for the first time and several new features were identified in the cross‐section cuts. These results open a new way in the investigation of the three‐dimensional structures of both micro‐ and nanostructural features of fossil plants. Moreover, the application of the FIB‐SEM technique to both fossils and extant plant remains represent a new source of taxonomical, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic information.
TAKING STOCK: A RIGOROUS MODELLING OF ANIMAL SPIRITS IN MACROECONOMICS
Authors: Franke Reiner , Westerhoff Frank 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper is a survey of the burgeoning literature that seeks to take the enigmatic concept of the animal spirits more seriously by building heterodox macro‐dynamic models that can capture some of its crucial aspects in a rigorous way. Two approaches are considered: the discrete choice and the transition probability approach, where individual agents face a binary decision and choose one of them with a certain probability. These assessments are adjusted upward or downward in response to what the agents observe, which leads to changes in the aggregate sentiment and the macroeconomic variables resulting from the corresponding decisions. Typical applications of the two approaches alternatively give rise to what will be called a weak and a strong form of animal spirits. On the whole, the literature included in this survey provides examples of applications of a modelling tool that demonstrates a considerable flexibility within a canonical framework.
Emergency department presentations in infants: Predictors from an Australian birth cohort
Authors: Crilly Julia , Cameron Cate M , Scuffham Paul A , Good Norm , Scott Rani , Mihala Gabor , Sweeny Amy , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: July 2017

AimInfants under 12 months of age are disproportionately represented amongst emergency department (ED) presentations, and infants are more likely to be frequent ED users. This study aimed to describe and identify psychosocial predictors of ED presentation in infants.MethodsA prospective birth cohort from Queensland and New South Wales (Environments for Healthy Living) was used to understand infant health service use. Baseline and 12‐month questionnaire data pertaining to children born between 2006 and 2011 were used to identify predictors of ED presentation, using multiple regression analysis.ResultsOf the 2184 children in the cohort with available baseline and 12‐month data, 579 (27%) presented at least once to an ED during their first 12 months of life. Statistically significant predictors of ED presentation in the multivariate analysis included the mother having asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.39) and a higher Kessler‐6 score (a measure of psychological distress) of the primary carer at baseline (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08). Maternal education level was not associated with ED presentations of infants.ConclusionsThis study describes maternal and child factors of children who present to the ED in the first year of life. Factors related to an infant's support system were found to be predictors for an ED presentation in the first year of life. This study emphasises the need to review the maternal medical history and psychosocial situation. There may be benefits for health‐care practitioners to take the opportunity (such as during routine childhood immunisation) to perform a brief screening tool (such as the Kessler‐6) to understand psychological distress experienced by mothers. This may influence the likelihood of a child presenting to an ED within the first 12 months of life.
Trait Emotional Intelligence, Self‐Reported Affect, and Salivary Alpha‐Amylase on Working Days and a Non‐Working Day
Authors: Toyama Hiroyuki , Mauno Saija 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and variation in psychological (positive affect: PA, negative affect: NA) and psychophysiological (salivary alpha‐amylase: sAA) indicators among Japanese employees over 3 consecutive days (working day 1, non‐working day, working day 2). The analyses revealed that higher trait EI was associated across the days with higher PA, but not with NA. Moreover, diurnal sAA levels were lower in the high trait EI group than in the low trait EI group on the intervening non‐working day, and this difference between the EI groups continued to show a tendency to significance on working day 2. The results indicate that higher EI may be related to the preservation of higher levels of PA and lower levels of sympathetic activity in recovery in the naturalistic condition.
Unexpected high genetic diversity in small populations suggests maintenance by associative overdominance
Authors: Schou Mads F. , Loeschcke Volker , Bechsgaard Jesper , Schlötterer Christian , Kristensen Torsten N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effective population size (Ne) is a central factor in determining maintenance of genetic variation. The neutral theory predicts that loss of variation depends on Ne, with less genetic drift in larger populations. We monitored genetic drift in 42 Drosophila melanogaster populations of different adult census population sizes (10, 50 or 500) using pooled RAD sequencing. In small populations, variation was lost at a substantially lower rate than expected. This observation was consistent across two ecological relevant thermal regimes, one stable and one with a stressful increase in temperature across generations. Estimated ratios between Ne and adult census size were consistently higher in small than in larger populations. The finding provides evidence for a slower than expected loss of genetic diversity and consequently a higher than expected long‐term evolutionary potential in small fragmented populations. More genetic diversity was retained in areas of low recombination, suggesting that associative overdominance, driven by disfavoured homozygosity of recessive deleterious alleles, is responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity in smaller populations. Consistent with this hypothesis, the X‐chromosome, which is largely free of recessive deleterious alleles due to hemizygosity in males, fits neutral expectations even in small populations. Our experiments provide experimental answers to a range of unexpected patterns in natural populations, ranging from variable diversity on X‐chromosomes and autosomes to surprisingly high levels of nucleotide diversity in small populations.
Glandular odontogenic cyst: An updated analysis of 169 cases reported in the literature
Authors: Chrcanovic B R , Gomez R S 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo integrate the available data published on glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological and histopathological features.MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in May/2017. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical/radiological/histological information to confirm the diagnosis.ResultsFifty‐eight publications (169 GOCs) were included. The lesion was slightly more prevalent in men than in women. There was a high prevalence in the fifty/sixth decades of life, in the anterior regions, and in mandibles. Lesions were commonly associated with bone expansion (73%) and unilocular radiological appearance (61.5%). GOC was found to be associated with tooth displacement or an unerupted tooth (30.9%), cortical bone perforation (26%), presence of clinical symptoms (24.3%), root resorption (13.9%). Microscopic parameters most commonly were observed in GOCs—in at least 95% of the lesions: presence of hobnail cells, intraepithelial microcysts, epithelial lining with variable thickness. The presence of apocrine snouting was the microscopic parameter less often found (40.4%).ConclusionAlthough the recurrence rate of GOCs is not as high as previously believed, it is a relevant phenomenon (21.6%). Adjunctive procedures after enucleation should be considered. None of the clinical/radiological and histopathological features evaluated had a statistically significant effect on the recurrence rate.