bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Staff Views of the Rapid Assistance with Frailty Team, It’s Perceived Clinical Effectiveness and Potential Areas for Development
Authors: Walsh Erica , Bambrick Padraig , Doyle Marie , Prendergast Ann , Walsh Anna Doherty , O'Flatharta Tomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Rapid Assistance with Frailty Team (RAFT) has been operating within our local hospital since 2021. This novel multidisciplinary service aims to support frail older adults during hospital admission, by conducting focused comprehensive geriatric assessments, and providing bespoke support to their primary team. One method of evaluating the impact of the service has been to seek regular feedback from other staff, to guide continuous quality improvement regarding our approach.

Methods
This service evaluation was registered with the Quality and Patient Safety department locally in January 2024. An online questionnaire was developed to seek feedback from colleagues who would have experience of the service, with a link distributed via email to relevant staff members. Data collection took place over an eight-week period.

Results
In total, 69 responses from staff were received, and analysed thematically. They demonstrated high degrees of staff satisfaction, with over 76% either agreeing or strongly agreeing that ‘RAFT is a valuable service’. A further 69% of respondents felt that ‘RAFT is helpful in supporting discharge’. The most common expectations were for the team to assist with frailty assessment; support discharge planning; offer MDT input; provide follow-up care; and conduct education. Staff felt the service could be improved through refining the medical input role; provision of an ED service; increased staffing; expanding the discharge planning role; development of referral pathways; and improved communication.

Conclusion
Following presentation of these findings at our departmental teaching, a service development plan was agreed. This includes organising a focused internal rapid improvement event, with RAFT staff utilising the feedback from this service evaluation to identify how the service can be improved, as well as identifying key performance indicators to evaluate this progress. We will repeat this service evaluation in 6 months’ time, to assess if these interventions have made a meaningful impact.
Relationship Between Lifestyle Factors and Accelerometery Based Motion Capture Analysis During An Active Stand In Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Mockler Toni , Knight Silvin , Hartley Peter , Connolly Emma , Xue Feng , Duggan Eoin , Romero-Ortuno Roman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
One in three individuals aged over 65 and one in two individuals over 80 experience falls in a year. As the population ages, preventing balance issues and falls among healthy older adults becomes increasingly critical. As the population ages, preventing balance issues and falls among healthy older adults becomes increasingly critical. We hypothesized that individuals may display distinct patterns of micro-movement during this test, undetectable to the naked eye but identifiable using motion capture technology.

Methods
Participants aged 50 years and older were recruited from a local healthy ageing group. Participants underwent an Active Stand (AS) test, consisting of lying down for 10 minutes followed by standing up as quickly as possible and remaining motionless for 3 minutes. During the test, participants wore an accelerometer Participants underwent an Active Stand (AS) test, consisting of lying down for 10 minutes followed by standing up as quickly as possible and remaining motionless for 3 minutes, during the test, participants wore an accelerometer. Computations were carried out on the signals for all remaining participants. Computations were carried out on the signals for all remaining participants.

Results
31 participants were initially recruited, with 26 ultimately included after data quality checks. The mean age was 70.5 ± 5.4 years, with 85% being women A lower BMI was found to be significantly associated with a higher MI values a lower BMI was found to be significantly associated with a higher MI values across all three phases of the active stand test across all three phases of the test.

Conclusion
These findings underscore the potential role of modifiable lifestyle factors, like maintaining a healthy BMI and avoiding smoking, in mitigating early balance problems in older adults.
The influence of the BCS in European computing
Authors: Ashill M C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At a conference of European university vice-chancellors, when the question of curricula, lengths of courses and the like were discussed, it was flatly stated by one of the staff of the European Economic Commission that these were matters specifically reserved for the Commission, and that neither the universities nor any professional bodies have any status under the Treaty of Rome in connection with them. Although this is a somewhat legalistic point of view, and probably would not be totally endorsed by the Council of Ministers, nevertheless it serves to illustrate one of the reasons why every university teacher and professional in the enlarged Common Market must take the new situation seriously.
The IT86 Committee: after-Alvey programmers
Authors: Owen Kenneth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Last November the IT86 Committee chaired by Sir Austin Bide published its report on what should follow the present five-year Alvey programme of advanced information technology research, which is due to end next year. This article by Kenneth Owen presents the viewpoint of the committee, as indicated in the report, on the thinking behind their recommendations for a billion-pound after-Alvey programme. We hope to print the response of Mr Geoffrey Partie, Minister of State tor industry and Information Technology, in a future Viewpoint article.
Unix as an office system
Authors: Lansdown John , Selway Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
AT & T’s Bell Laboratories’ Unix system has both its detractors and its defenders: certainly it is complex and rather daunting to the uninitiated; but, to those in the know, it is uniquely powerful and expressive. Because of its complications, it is not the sort of software that one would normally want to let loose on an unsuspecting company as the basis of its administration system. But if the office is largely populated by computer scientists and other experienced computer users, a properly tuned version of Unix – together with some ad hoc programs – can be exactly the right tool. System Simulation Ltd is a company of this computer-orientated sort and, almost since its inception, has used Unix not only to underpin its technical programming but also for its management information, word processing, electronic mail, and general administrative work. Similar small companies looking towards setting-up computer-based administrative systems might be interested in our experience.
Communicating with the politicians
Authors: Newell Roy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Founded in 1981 and based on its predecessor - the Parliamentary Computer Forum - the Parliamentary Information Technology Committee (PITCOM) has played an increasingly important role in influencing the directions of Parliament’s IT awareness and policy. It is an All-Party Committee of both Houses of Parliament and a Registered Parliamentary group and is recognised as the UK’s foremost arena for the discussion of public policy issues generated by IT.
Detailed analysis of electrogram peak frequency to guide ventricular tachycardia substrate mapping
Authors: Mayer Joseph , Al-Sheikhli Jaffar , Niespialowska-Steuden Maria , Patchett Ian , Winter James , Siang Rafaella , Lellouche Nicolas , Manoharan Karthick , Phan Thanh Trung , Calvo Justo Juliá , Porta-Sánchez Andreu , Roca-Luque Ivo , Silberbauer John , Dhanjal Tarvinder 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Differentiating near-field (NF) and far-field (FF) electrograms (EGMs) is crucial in identifying critical arrhythmogenic substrate during ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. A novel algorithm annotates NF-fractionated signals enabling EGM peak frequency (PF) determination using wavelet transformation. This study evaluated the algorithms’ effectiveness in identifying critical components of the VT circuit during substrate mapping.

Methods and results
A multicentre, international cohort undergoing VT ablation was investigated. VT activation maps were used to demarcate the isthmus zone (IZ). Offline analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of low-voltage area (LVA) PF substrate mapping. A total of 30 patients encompassing 198 935 EGMs were included. The IZ PF was significantly higher in sinus rhythm (SR) compared to right ventricular paced (RVp) substrate maps (234 Hz (195–294) vs. 197 Hz (166–220); P = 0.010). Compared to LVA PF, the IZ PF was significantly higher in both SR and RVp substrate maps (area under curve, AUC: 0.74 and 0.70, respectively). The LVA PF threshold of ≥200 Hz was optimal in SR maps (sensitivity 69%; specificity 64%) and RVp maps (sensitivity 60%; specificity 64%) in identifying the VT isthmus. In amiodarone-treated patients (n = 20), the SR substrate map IZ PF was significantly lower (222 Hz (186–257) vs. 303 Hz (244–375), P = 0.009) compared to amiodarone-naïve patients (n = 10). The ≥200 Hz LVA PF threshold resulted in an 80% freedom from VT with a trend towards reduced ablation lesions and radiofrequency times.

Conclusion
LVA PF substrate mapping identifies critical components of the VT circuit with an optimal threshold of ≥200 Hz. Isthmus PF is influenced by chronic amiodarone therapy with lower values observed during RV pacing.
Does Varying the Order of Sexual Orientation Response Categories Change Population Estimates? Findings from a Nationally Representative Study of U.S. Adults
Authors: Hansen Christopher , Christian Leah M , Fordyce Erin , David Bryn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conventional wisdom for general population research suggests that nominal response categories be ordered by population prevalence. Current best practice in sexual orientation measurement represents an exception, with lesbian or gay recommended as the first response category, followed by the second, but most selected category, straight, that is, not lesbian or gay. Although prior research has shown that there can be differences in response distributions by response ordering, there has been a dearth of empirical work to investigate the potential of such context effects in sexual orientation measurement. To address this gap, we surveyed U.S. adults aged 18+ in 2022 using a nationally representative, probability-based household panel (n = 2,099) where panelists were asked “Which of the following best represents how you think of yourself?” with response categories lesbian or gay; straight, that is, not lesbian or gay; bisexual; something else; and I don’t know the answer. Panelists were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group was asked the standard ordering lesbian or gay followed by straight, that is, not lesbian or gay. The treatment group was asked straight, that is, not lesbian or gay followed by lesbian or gay. The order of the remaining responses was the same for both groups. Results do not show a significant relationship between response order and sexual orientation but suggest additional research with a larger sample would be useful. Compared to the lesbian/gay first group, the straight first group showed a significant decrease in proportion for don’t know responses. Differences in proportions for the remaining responses were not significant. Young adulthood was predictive of don’t know responses in both groups, indicating that don’t know responses may capture sexual fluidity, change, or uncertainty in addition to potential satisficing. Findings demonstrate that reordering response categories by population prevalence may improve data quality by decreasing item nonresponse.
Seeing Like a Fixer
Authors: Schwedler Jillian , Chomiak Laryssa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
“Seeing Like a Fixer” examines the practical and ethical consideration that arise when conducting scholarly work through short research stunts in environments unfamiliar to the researcher and by employing fixers and translators to make that research possible. The chapter examines what it means to “outsource knowledge production” and provides both caution and guidance to those considering these practices. It also discusses how fixing impacts the type and substance of the scholarship that is produced. While the work does not suggest that there is never a place for using fixers, this chapter outlines a wide range of fixing practices and their potential pitfalls. Most importantly, the chapter calls for ethical practices not only in the relationship with the fixers themselves, but in providing full transparency in one’s scholarship about when fixers have been employed and in what precise ways.
MOF-encapsulated copper-doped carbon dots nanozymes with excellent biological activity promote diabetes wound healing
Authors: Dai Sheng , Jiang Lang , Liu Luying , Su Zhaogui , Yao Li , Yang Ping , Huang Nan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Poor wound healing in diabetics is primarily caused by persistently high levels of inflammation and recurrent bacterial infections. The catalytic therapy technique based on nanozyme medicine has emerged as a beacon of hope for patients with diabetic wounds. However, the use of a single-atom nanozyme may still have limitations, including nanozyme burst release, immunological clearance and insufficient antibacterial activity. To address the aforementioned problems, we provide a new nano-catalytic therapeutic agent for diabetic skin ulcers that incorporates a single-atom nanozyme with high antioxidant activity into a metal–organic framework (ZIF-Cu/C-dots). First, a Cu single-atom nanozyme supported by ultra-small carbon dots (Cu/C-dots) with high antioxidant activity was created. A nanozyme-integrated metal–organic framework was then created, utilizing Cu/C-dots as ligands and Zn2+ as the core metal. Cu/C-dots have good oxidase-like activity, shielding the biological system from ROS damage and reducing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. Zn2+ also has good antibacterial activity (the antibacterial rate was more than 90%). This integrated technique prevents nanozyme aggregation, improves nanozyme biocompatibility, slows down the breakdown of ZIF and allows for the regulated release of Cu/C-dots and Zn2+ as needed. Finally, in vivo studies have shown that ZIF-Cu/C-dots can effectively alleviate inflammation at the site of diabetic wounds, accelerate vascular regeneration, promote collagen deposition and enhance tissue remodeling, serving as a novel nano-catalytic platform for the treatment of wounds that are difficult to heal.
Real-world outcomes of a dedicated fast-track polymyalgia rheumatica clinic
Authors: Cowley Sharon , Harkins Patricia , Kirby Colm , Conway Richard , Kane David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the clinical impact of a fast-track PMR clinic to enable early diagnosis and treatment, and to define both patient and disease characteristics in newly diagnosed PMR.

Methods
Primary care physicians were invited to refer patients with new PMR to our fast-track clinic. Referral criteria included new onset shoulder or pelvic girdle pain and/or stiffness with elevated inflammatory markers in patients over 50 years. All patients were seen within 72 h of referral. Patients with a rheumatology diagnosis of PMR had an US of their temporal and axillary arteries.

Results
172 patients were referred from primary care over 12 months. 39% of patients referred with suspected PMR had an alternative diagnosis for which PMR regimen glucocorticoids was inappropriate. 55% of the non-PMR diagnoses were other inflammatory rheumatological conditions requiring follow-up. Only 20% of patients referred from primary care already on glucocorticoids were commenced on bone protection. PMR patients were comorbid, with a mean of 2.5 other conditions. 75% of PMR patients experienced a glucocorticoid-related adverse event in the first 12 months of treatment. 17% of patients with new PMR had US features of subclinical GCA.

Conclusion
The commencement of glucocorticoid therapy should be deferred until after specialist evaluation to enable an accurate clinical diagnosis. A delay in treatment can only realistically be avoided if general practitioners have access to a fast-track PMR clinic. We believe that rheumatologists should consider establishing fast-track PMR clinics and this study provides a strong case for and a template to support this practice innovation.
Involvement of interferon γ-producing mast cells in immune responses against melanocytes in vitiligo requires MrgX2 activation
Authors: Liao Zhikai , Yao Yunzhu , Dong Bingqi , Le Yue , Luo Longfei , Miao Fang , Jiang Shan , Lei Tiechi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress and interferon γ (IFNγ)-driven cellular immune responses are responsible for the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the connection between oxidative stress and the local production of IFNγ in early vitiligo remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the production of IFNγ by mast cells and its impact on vitiligo pathogenesis.

Methods:
Skin specimens from the central, marginal, and perilesional skin areas of active vitiligo lesions were collected to characterize changes of mast cells, CD8+ T cells, and IFNγ-producing cells. Cell supernatants from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated keratinocytes (KCs) were harvested to measure levels of soluble stem cell factor (sSCF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. A murine vitiligo model was established using Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-B2 (MrgB2, mouse ortholog of human MrgX2) conditional knockout (MrgB2−/−) mice to investigate IFNγ production and inflammatory cell infiltrations in tail skin following the challenge with tyrosinase-related protein (Tyrp)-2 180 peptide. Potential interactions between the Tyrp-2 180 peptide and MrgX2 were predicted using molecular docking. The siRNAs targeting MrgX2 and the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 were also used to examine the signaling pathways involved in mast cell activation.

Results:
IFNγ-producing mast cells were closely aligned with the recruitment of CD8+ T cells in the early phase of vitiligo skin. sSCF released by KCs through stress-enhanced MMP9-dependent proteolytic cleavage recruited mast cells into sites of inflamed skin (Perilesion vs. lesion, 13.00 ± 4.00/HPF vs. 26.60 ± 5.72/HPF, P <0.05). Moreover, IFNγ-producing mast cells were also observed in mouse tail skin following challenge with Tyrp-2 180 (0 h vs. 48 h post-recall, 0.00 ± 0.00/HPF vs. 3.80 ± 1.92/HPF, P <0.05). The IFNγ+ mast cell and CD8+ T cell counts were lower in the skin of MrgB2−/−mice than in those of wild-type mice (WT vs. KO 48 h post-recall, 4.20 ± 0.84/HPF vs. 0.80 ± 0.84/HPF, P <0.05).

Conclusion:
Mast cells activated by MrgX2 serve as a local IFNγ producer that bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses against MCs in early vitiligo. Targeting MrgX2-mediated mast cell activation may represent a new strategy for treating vitiligo.
Temporal change in minimum mortality temperature under changing climate: A multicountry multicommunity observational study spanning 1986–2015
Authors: Yang Daewon , Hashizume Masahiro , Tobías Aurelio , Honda Yasushi , Roye Dominic , Oh Jaemin , Dang Tran Ngoc , Kim Yoonhee , Abrutzky Rosana , Guo Yuming , Tong Shilu , Coelho Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio , Saldiva Paulo Hilario Nascimento , Lavigne Eric , Correa Patricia Matus , Ortega Nicolás Valdés , Osorio Samuel , Kyselý Jan , Urban Aleš , Orru Hans , Indermitte Ene , Jaakkola Jouni , Ryti Niilo , Pascal Mathilde , Huber Veronika , Schneider Alexandra , Katsouyanni Klea , Analitis Antonis , Entezari Alireza , Mayvaneh Fatemeh , Goodman Patrick , Zeka Ariana , Michelozzi Paola , de’Donato Francesca , Alahmad Barrak , Diaz Magali Hurtado , la Cruz Valencia César De , Overcenco Ala , Houthuijs Danny , Ameling Caroline , Rao Shilpa , Nunes Baltazar , Madureira Joana , Holo-bâc Iulian Horia , Scovronick Noah , Acquaotta Fiorella , Kim Ho , Lee Whanhee , Íñiguez Carmen , Forsberg Bertil , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Ragettli Martina S. , Guo Yue-Liang Leon , Pan Shih Chun , Li Shanshan , Sera Francesco , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel , Armstrong Ben , Gasparrini Antonio , Chung Yeonseung 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) or MMT percentile (MMTP) is an indicator of population susceptibility to nonoptimum temperatures. MMT and MMTP change over time; however, the changing directions show region-wide heterogeneity. We examined the heterogeneity of temporal changes in MMT and MMTP across multiple communities and in multiple countries.

Methods:
Daily time-series data for mortality and ambient mean temperature for 699 communities in 34 countries spanning 1986–2015 were analyzed using a two-stage meta-analysis. First, a quasi-Poisson regression was employed to estimate MMT and MMTP for each community during the designated subperiods. Second, we pooled the community-specific temporally varying estimates using mixed-effects meta-regressions to examine temporal changes in MMT and MMTP in the entire study population, as well as by climate zone, geographical region, and country.

Results:
Temporal increases in MMT and MMTP from 19.5 °C (17.9, 21.1) to 20.3 °C (18.5, 22.0) and from the 74.5 (68.3, 80.6) to 75.0 (71.0, 78.9) percentiles in the entire population were found, respectively. Temporal change was significantly heterogeneous across geographical regions (P < 0.001). Temporal increases in MMT were observed in East Asia (linear slope [LS] = 0.91, P = 0.02) and South-East Asia (LS = 0.62, P = 0.05), whereas a temporal decrease in MMT was observed in South Europe (LS = −0.46, P = 0.05). MMTP decreased temporally in North Europe (LS = −3.45, P = 0.02) and South Europe (LS = −2.86, P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
The temporal change in MMT or MMTP was largely heterogeneous. Population susceptibility in terms of optimum temperature may have changed under a warming climate, albeit with large region-dependent variations.