bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AFM investigation of hyaline cartilage’s surface destruction
Authors: Ihnatouski Mikhail , Karev Dmitriy , Karev Boris , Pauk Jolanta , Daunoravičienė Kristina 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive disease. The aim of this paper is
presenting the AFM investigation of cartilage in relation to the assessment of degenerative
changes in the surface of hyaline cartilage. It can be useful in choosing the most effective methods
of therapy.
Methods: Samples were taken from the cartilage surface of the femoral head after its removal
during total hip arthroplasty. Images of the surface of the sample were obtained using an optical
microscope equipped with a digital video camera, in the reflected light and by atomic force
microscopy.
Results: The longitudinal orientation of the collagen fibers and sub-fibers beams on the surface,
up to a diameter of 50 nm are identified in non-destroyed area sites.
Conclusions: Images of the destroyed areas displaying separately passing collagen fibers, strongly
exposed to the surface: the size measured and found substructure.
GALAXY REDSHIFTS FROM DISCRETE OPTIMIZATION OF CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Lee Benjamin C. G. , Budavári Tamás , Basu Amitabh , Rahman Mubdi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We propose a new method of constraining the redshifts of individual extragalactic sources based on celestial coordinates and their ensemble statistics. Techniques from integer linear programming (ILP) are utilized to optimize simultaneously for the angular two-point cross- and autocorrelation functions. Our novel formalism introduced here not only transforms the otherwise hopelessly expensive, brute-force combinatorial search into a linear system with integer constraints but also is readily implementable in off-the-shelf solvers. We adopt Gurobi, a commercial optimization solver, and use Python to build the cost function dynamically. The preliminary results on simulated data show potential for future applications to sky surveys by complementing and enhancing photometric redshift estimators. Our approach is the first application of ILP to astronomical analysis.
RED RUNAWAYS II: LOW-MASS HILLS STARS IN SDSS STRIPE 82
Authors: Zhang Yanqiong , Smith Martin C. , Carlin Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Stars ejected from the Galactic Center can be used to place important constraints on the Milky Way potential. Since existing hypervelocity stars are too distant to accurately determine orbits, we have conducted a search for nearby candidates using full three-dimensional velocities. Since the efficacy of such studies is often hampered by deficiencies in proper motion catalogs, we have chosen to utilize the reliable, high-precision Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 proper motion catalog. Although we do not find any candidates which have velocities in excess of the escape speed, we identify 226 stars on orbits that are consistent with Galactic Center ejection. This number is significantly larger than what we would expect for halo stars on radial orbits and cannot be explained by disk or bulge contamination. If we restrict ourselves to metal-rich stars, we find 29 candidates with [Fe/H] > −0.8 dex and 10 with [Fe/H] > −0.6 dex. Their metallicities are more consistent with what we expect for bulge ejecta, and so we believe these candidates are especially deserving of further study. We have supplemented this sample using our own radial velocities, developing an algorithm to use proper motions for optimizing candidate selection. This technique provides considerable improvement on the blind spectroscopic sample of SDSS, being able to identify candidates with an efficiency around 20 times better than a blind search.
A SLIPPERY SLOPE: SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES IN THE LINE WIDTH BARYONIC TULLY–FISHER RELATION
Authors: Bradford Jeremy D. , Geha Marla C. , Bosch Frank C. van den 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR) is both a valuable observational tool and a critical test of galaxy formation theory. We explore the systematic uncertainty in the slope and the scatter of the observed line-width BTFR utilizing homogeneously measured, unresolved H i observations for 930 isolated galaxies. We measure a fiducial relation of

with observed scatter of 0.25 dex over a baryonic mass range of 107.4 to 1011.3

where

is measured from 20% H i line widths. We then conservatively vary the definitions of

and

, the sample definition and the linear fitting algorithm. We obtain slopes ranging from 2.64 to 3.53 and scatter measurements ranging from 0.14 to 0.41 dex, indicating a significant systematic uncertainty of 0.25 in the BTFR slope derived from unresolved H i line widths. We next compare our fiducial slope to literature measurements, where reported slopes range from 3.0 to 4.3 and scatter is either unmeasured, immeasurable, or as large as 0.4 dex. Measurements derived from unresolved H i line widths tend to produce slopes of 3.3, while measurements derived strictly from resolved asymptotic rotation velocities tend to produce slopes of 3.9. The single largest factor affecting the BTFR slope is the definition of rotation velocity. The sample definition, the mass range and the linear fitting algorithm also significantly affect the measured BTFR. We find that galaxies in our sample with

km s−1 are consistent with the line-width BTFR of more massive galaxies, but these galaxies drive most of the observed scatter. It is critical when comparing predictions to an observed BTFR that the rotation velocity definition, the sample selection and the fitting algorithm are similarly defined. We recommend direct statistical comparisons between data sets with commensurable properties as opposed to simply comparing BTFR power-law fits.
A PROPOSED PARADIGM FOR SOLAR CYCLE DYNAMICS MEDIATED VIA TURBULENT PUMPING OF MAGNETIC FLUX IN BABCOCK–LEIGHTON-TYPE SOLAR DYNAMOS
Authors: Hazra Soumitra , Nandy Dibyendu 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
At present, the Babcock–Leighton flux transport solar dynamo models appear to be the most promising models for explaining diverse observational aspects of the sunspot cycle. The success of these flux transport dynamo models is largely dependent upon a single-cell meridional circulation with a deep equatorward component at the base of the Sun’s convection zone. However, recent observations suggest that the meridional flow may in fact be very shallow (confined to the top 10% of the Sun) and more complex than previously thought. Taken together, these observations raise serious concerns on the validity of the flux transport paradigm. By accounting for the turbulent pumping of magnetic flux, as evidenced in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of solar convection, we demonstrate that flux transport dynamo models can generate solar-like magnetic cycles even if the meridional flow is shallow. Solar-like periodic reversals are recovered even when meridional circulation is altogether absent. However, in this case, the solar surface magnetic field dynamics does not extend all the way to the polar regions. Very importantly, our results demonstrate that the Parker–Yoshimura sign rule for dynamo wave propagation can be circumvented in Babcock–Leighton dynamo models by the latitudinal component of turbulent pumping, which can generate equatorward propagating sunspot belts in the absence of a deep, equatorward meridional flow. We also show that variations in turbulent pumping coefficients can modulate the solar cycle amplitude and periodicity. Our results suggest the viability of an alternate magnetic flux transport paradigm—mediated via turbulent pumping—for sustaining solar-stellar dynamo action.
Connaître les dys- et en mesurer les enjeux
Authors: Pouhet Alain 
Published: November 2016

Les situations de dys- ont envahi l’espace scolaire et s’imposent comme l’une des causes de scolarité perturbée. Cependant, elles restent le plus souvent superficiellement connues et globalement mal gérées. Cette situation est gravement dommageable pour ces élèves qui sont en souffrance ainsi que pour leur famille, leurs enseignants et les accompagnants. Comment promouvoir une évaluation fiable permettant de définir un projet précis pour les dys- ?
Modelling climate change impacts on mycotoxin contamination
Authors: Van der Fels-Klerx H.J. , Liu C. , Battilani P. 
Published: November 2016

Projected climate change effects will influence primary agricultural systems and thus food security, directly via impacts on yields, and indirectly via impacts on its safety, with mycotoxins considered as crucial hazards. Mycotoxins are produced by a wide variety of fungal species, each having their own characteristics and requirements. The geographic distribution of toxigenic fungi reflects their ecological needs, with thermophilic fungi prevalent at lower latitudes and psychrophiles at the higher latitudes. A resulting gradient of mycotoxin contamination has been repeatedly stressed. Changes in climatic conditions will lead to shifts in the fungal population and the mycotoxin patterns. In general, climate change is expected to increase mycotoxin contamination of crops, but due to the complexity of mycoflora associated to each crop and its interaction with the environment, it appears rash to draw conclusions without specific studies. Very recently first quantitative estimations of impacts of climate change on mycotoxin occurrence have been made. Two studies each applied models of different disciplines including climate projection, crop phenology and fungal/mycotoxin prediction to cereals cultivated in Europe. They were followed by a case study on climate change effects onAlternaria moulds and their mycotoxins in tomato. Results showed that DON contamination of wheat grown in Europe was, in general, expected to increase. However, variation was large, and in some years and some regions a decrease in DON contamination was expected. Regarding aflatoxin contamination of maize grown in Europe, an increase was estimated, mainly in the +2 °C scenario. Two main research gaps were identified related to the (limited) number of existing quantitative models taking into account climate change and their validation in limited areas. Efforts are therefore mandatory to be prepared for future changes and challenges on model validation and limited mycotoxin-crop combinations.
Graduate-Assistant Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Professional Socialization in the Collegiate Setting: Part I
Authors: Thrasher Ashley B. , Walker Stacy E. , Hankemeier Dorice A. , Mulvihill Thalia 
Published: November 2016

Context: Many newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) pursue graduate assistantships, which allow them to gain experience while being supervised by an experienced AT. The graduate-assistant (GA) ATs' perception of their socialization process into the collegiate setting is unknown.Objective: To explore the professional socialization of GAs in the collegiate setting.Design: Qualitative study.Setting: Phone interviews.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 19 collegiate GAs (15 women, 4 men; average age = 23 ± 0.15 years; National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I = 13, II = 3, III = 2; National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics = 2; postprofessional athletic training program = 6) participated.Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected via phone interviews and transcribed verbatim. Interviews were conducted until data saturation occurred. Data were analyzed through phenomenologic reduction. Trustworthiness was established via member checks and peer review.Results: Four themes emerged: (1) role identity, (2) initial entry into role, (3) maturation, and (4) success. Before beginning their role, participants envisioned the assistantship as a way to gain independent experience while being mentored. They perceived themselves as the primary care providers for their athletic teams. Those who were immediately immersed into clinical practice adapted to their role quickly despite experiencing stress initially. Participants felt that a formal orientation process and a policies and procedures manual would have alleviated some of the initial stress. The GAs matured as they practiced clinically and developed confidence as they gained experience. Personal attributes, experience, and peer and supervisor support contributed to perceived success as GAs. Factors that hindered perceived success were lack of confidence, an unsupportive environment, and long hours.Conclusions: When looking for graduate assistantships, ATs should seek a position that allows them to practice independently and provides didactic educational opportunities while aligning with their athletic training philosophies.
Neuromuscular Alterations After Ankle Sprains: An Animal Model to Establish Causal Links After Injury
Authors: Lepley Lindsey K. , McKeon Patrick O. , Fitzpatrick Shane G. , Beckemeyer Catherine L. , Uhl Timothy L. , Butterfield Timothy A. 
Published: November 2016

Context: The mechanisms that contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability are not understood. Investigators have developed a hypothetical model in which neuromuscular alterations that stem from damaged ankle ligaments are thought to affect periarticular and proximal muscle activity. However, the retrospective nature of these studies does not allow a causal link to be established.
Objective: To assess temporal alterations in the activity of 2 periarticular muscles of the rat ankle and 2 proximal muscles of the rat hind limb after an ankle sprain.
Design: Controlled laboratory study.
Setting: Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Five healthy adult male Long Evans rats (age = 16 weeks, mass = 400.0 ± 13.5 g).
Intervention(s): Indwelling fine-wire electromyography (EMG) electrodes were implanted surgically into the biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles of the rats. We recorded baseline EMG measurements while the rats walked on a motor-driven treadmill and then induced a closed lateral ankle sprain by overextending the lateral ankle ligaments. After ankle sprain, the rats were placed on the treadmill every 24 hours for 7 days, and we recorded postsprain EMG data.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Onset time of muscle activity, phase duration, sample entropy, and minimal detectable change (MDC) were assessed and compared with baseline using 2-tailed dependent t tests.
Results: Compared with baseline, delayed onset time of muscle activity was exhibited in the biceps femoris (baseline = −16.7 ± 54.0 milliseconds [ms]) on day 0 (5.2 ± 64.1 ms; t4 = −4.655, P = .043) and tibialis anterior (baseline = 307.0 ± 64.2 ms) muscles on day 3 (362.5 ± 55.9 ms; t4 = −5.427, P = .03) and day 6 (357.3 ± 39.6 ms; t4 = −3.802, P = .02). Longer phase durations were observed for the vastus lateralis (baseline = 321.9 ± 92.6 ms) on day 3 (401.3 ± 101.2 ms; t3 = −4.001, P = .03), day 4 (404.1 ± 93.0 ms; t3 = −3.320, P = .048), and day 5 (364.6 ± 105.2 ms; t3 = −3.963, P = .03) and for the tibialis anterior (baseline = 103.9 ± 16.4 ms) on day 4 (154.9 ± 7.8 ms; t3 = −4.331, P = .050) and day 6 (141.9 ± 16.2 ms; t3 = −3.441, P = .03). After sprain, greater sample entropy was found for the vastus lateralis (baseline = 0.7 ± 0.3) on day 6 (0.9 ± 0.4; t4 = −3.481, P = .03) and day 7 (0.9 ± 0.3; t4 = −2.637, P = .050) and for the tibialis anterior (baseline = 0.6 ± 0.4) on day 4 (0.9 ± 0.5; t4 = −3.224, P = .03). The MDC analysis revealed increased sample entropy values for the vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior.
Conclusions: Manually inducing an ankle sprain in a rat by overextending the lateral ankle ligaments altered the complexity of muscle-activation patterns, and the alterations exceeded the MDC of the baseline data.
Giant fibrovascular polyp of esophagus
Authors: Sannidi Ramakanth , Porika Shravan Kumar , Malladi Umadevi , Macherla Ramanna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBenign tumors of esophagus are uncommon and account for only 3% of all esophageal neoplasms. Fibrovascular polyps (FVP) are rare intraluminal tumors of esophagus. They are composed of fibrous tissue, vascular structures and covered with normal Squamous epithelium. Here we present a case of a 45 yr old gentleman with progressive dysphagia since 3 months. UGI endoscopy showed a long, linear, compressible mass extending from cricoid area to gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ). Patient was operated, through cervical incision esophgectomy done and polyp of size 16 × 7 cm was removed. Histopathology of polyp was suggestive of fibrovascular polyp. Post surgery patient was asymptomatic and doing well.
Removal of a partially covered stent by endoscopic substent dissection
Authors: Khamaysi Iyad , Suissa Alain , Gralnek Ian M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerein we describe a new technical endoscopic removal of embedded partially covered esophageal stent that was inserted to treat a iatrogenic perforation of esophagus. Usually, partially covered stents can be removed by the stent-in-stent technique. In this case, the embedded stent could not be removed safely with this technique; so we performed a sub stent dissection to detach the stent from the esophageal wall.
Rare trematode infestation in irritable bowel syndrome: Pathogen or commensal?
Authors: Shukla Sunit K. , Asati Pankaj K. , Banerjee Tuhina , Dixit Vinod K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA healthy young adult male presented with complaints of frequent (>3/day) formed stools and passage of excessive mucous in stool for 3 months. He did not complain of nocturnal motions, recent diarrhea, blood in stool, straining, weight loss, or pain abdomen. Stool test was normal. He was counseled and treated as a case of irritable bowel syndrome. Due to inadequate relief with empirical therapy, colonoscopy was performed in a subsequent visit. Club-shaped small, round organisms with moving proboscis were seen in the cecum. Organism was later identified as a trematode Gastrodiscoides hominis, a rare foodborne trematode. The patient was treated with praziquantel, without complete relief. Trematode infection might not be the cause of symptoms.
Climate elasticity of streamflow revisited – an elasticity index based on long-term hydrometeorological records
Authors: Andréassian Vazken , Coron Laurent , Lerat Julien , Le Moine Nicolas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present a new method to derive the empirical (i.e., data-based) elasticity of streamflow to precipitation and potential evaporation. This method, which uses long-term hydrometeorological records, is tested on a set of 519 French catchments. We compare a total of five different ways to compute elasticity: the reference method first proposed by Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001) and four alternatives differing in the type of regression model chosen (OLS or GLS, univariate or bivariate). We show that the bivariate GLS and OLS regressions provide the most robust solution, because they account for the co-variation of precipitation and potential evaporation anomalies. We also compare empirical elasticity estimates with theoretical estimates derived analytically from the Turc–Mezentsev formula. Empirical elasticity offers a powerful means to test the extrapolation capacity of those hydrological models that are to be used to predict the impact of climatic changes.
Construct Validity for a Cost-effective Arthroscopic Surgery Simulator for Resident Education
Authors: Lopez Gregory , Martin David F. , Wright Rick , Jung James , Hahn Peter , Jain Nickul , Bracey Daniel N. , Gupta Ranjan 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Arthroscopy is one of the most challenging surgical skills to assess and teach. Although basic psychomotor arthroscopic skills, such as triangulation and object manipulation, are incorporated into many simulation exercises, they are not always individually taught or objectively evaluated. In addition, arthroscopic instruments, arthroscopy cameras, and the cadaver or joint models necessary for practice are costly.

Methods:
A low-cost arthroscopic simulator was created to practice triangulation, probing, horizon changes, suture management, and object manipulation. The simulator materials were purchased exclusively from national hardware stores with a total cost averaging $79. The universal serial bus (USB) camera is included in the total cost. Three residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were tested on the simulator. Replica boards were created at each institution. Participants included medical students (20), residents (46), and attending physicians (9).

Results:
Construct validity—the ability to differentiate between novice, intermediate, and senior level participants—was obtained. On all tasks, junior residents scored at a statistically significant lower rate than senior residents and attending physicians.

Conclusions:
This cost-effective arthroscopic surgical simulator objectively demonstrated that attending physicians and senior residents performed at a higher level than junior residents and novice medical students. The results of this study demonstrate that this simulator could be an important training tool for resident education.
Diagnosis of mitral insufficiency using impedance cardiography technique ICG
Authors: Chabchoub Souhir , Mansouri Sofienne , Salah Ridha B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a non-invasive tool for assessing the hemodynamic parameters. It has been used for diagnosing several cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, cardio-myopathy, and valvular diseases. Particularly, the valvular heart disease is characterized by the damage in one of the four heart valves: the mitral, aortic, tricuspid or pulmonary valves. The mitral valve insufficiency and the aortic valve stenos are the most frequent valve diseases in the world. In this paper, we propose to diagnosis the mitral valve insufficiency using the impedance cardiography technique. The study group consisted of 40 subjects (20 control subjects and 20 patients with mitral insufficiency). A parameter “I” is calculated from the impedance cardiogram waveform and it is used to differentiate control subjects from patients with mitral insufficiency. The parameter “I” was related significantly to the abnormalities of the impedance cardiogram waveform. For patients with mitral insufficiency, “I” was higher than for the healthy subjects with a difference ratio of 89% (p<0.001). To improve the diagnosis, we determined the stroke volume, cardiac output, and other hemodynamic parameters for the two groups of subjects. Finally, we concluded that we could identify, easily, patients with mitral insufficiency based on the abnormalities of the impedance cardiogram tracings and a characteristic parameter “I”.
Du Couvent des Jacobins à la Bibliothèque Roger-Maltais : quelques pistes sur la constitution du fonds ancien de l’Université de Sherbrooke
Authors: Dion Nicholas 
Published: November 2016

Parmi les quelque huit mille documents qui constituent la réserve des livres rares du Service des bibliothèques et archives de l’Université de Sherbrooke, environ trois cents documents publiés avant l’an 1800 forment depuis 2013 une catégorie distincte : les « Livres anciens IMAQ ». En nous basant sur les archives retraçant l’histoire de la création des bibliothèques de l’Université de Sherbrooke, nous proposons de retracer le voyage parcouru par certains ouvrages de cette collection spéciale, notamment une série de dictionnaires ayant appartenue à l’Abbaye Saint-Benoît-du-Lac.