bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threshold tracking primary motor cortex inhibition: the influence of current direction
Authors: Cirillo John , Byblow Winston D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPaired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to probe inhibitory activity in primary motor cortex (M1). Recruitment of descending volleys with TMS depends on the induced current direction in M1. Anterior‐posterior (AP) stimulation preferentially activates late indirect‐ (I‐) waves that are most susceptible to paired‐pulse TMS. Threshold tracking TMS can assess intracortical inhibition; however, previous studies have only used a current direction that preferentially recruits early I‐waves [posterior‐anterior (PA)]. Our objective was to examine intracortical inhibition with threshold tracking TMS designed to preferentially recruit early vs. late I‐waves with PA and AP stimulation respectively. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle of 15 participants (21–50 years). Motor evoked potentials elicited by TMS over left M1 were recorded for PA, AP and lateromedial (LM) induced currents, with I‐wave recruitment calculated as the onset latency difference between PA‐LM and AP‐LM. Short‐ and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) were examined across a range of conditioning stimulus intensities and interstimulus intervals (3 and 100–260 ms) with threshold tracking TMS for PA and AP stimulation. SICI and LICI were greater for AP compared with PA current direction using threshold tracking. In addition, the efficacy of late I‐wave recruitment was associated with the extent of SICI for AP but not PA stimulation, and was not associated with LICI. These findings indicate that threshold tracking with an AP‐induced current provides a more robust and sensitive measure of M1 intracortical inhibition than PA.
Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (‐308G/A) promoter polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Brazilian patients
Authors: Tavares M. , de Lima C. , Fernandes W. , Martinelli V. , de Lucena M. , Lima F. , Telles A. , Brandão L. , de Melo Júnior M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryInflammatory bowel disease consists of multifactorial diseases whose common manifestation is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and their pathogenesis remains unknown. This study aimed to analyse the gene polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A total of 101 patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease were analysed for the tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (‐308 G/A; rs1800629) and interleukin‐10 (‐1082 G/A; rs1800896) gene polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific primer, then fractionated on 2% agarose gel and visualized after staining by ethidium bromide. The anatomic–clinical form of Crohn's disease (CD) predominant was the inflammatory (32.75%), followed by fistulizing (29.31%) and 27.58% stricturing. As control group, a total of 136 healthy subjects, from the same geographical region, were enrolled. The statistical analyses were performed using R program. The frequency of the A allele at tumour necrosis factor‐alpha was high in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (51%) than in controls (22%; P > 0.01). No statistical difference was found with the genotypic and allelic frequencies of CD patients compared to controls (P = 0.54). The polymorphism ‐1082G/A of interleukin‐10 was not statistical different between the diseases compared to controls. Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) (‐308G/A) is associated with UC onset, suggesting that the presence of ‐308A allele could confer a relative risk of 3.62 more to develop UC in general population. Further studies, increasing the number of individuals, should be performed to ratify the role of TNF‐α in the inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis.
A comparative evaluation of endodontic treatments for immature necrotic permanent teeth based on clinical and radiographic outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nicoloso Gabriel Ferreira , Pötter Isabel Garcia , Rocha Rachel de Oliveira , Montagner Francisco , Casagrande Luciano 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundDental trauma and deep caries are frequent findings in children and adolescents that may lead to pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. As a consequence, the root stops its development, and managing these immature teeth becomes challenging due to the presence of open apexes and fragile dentinal walls.AimWe aimed to carry out a systematic review including a meta‐analysis to compare the endodontic treatments available in the management of immature necrotic permanent teeth and determine which one provides the best clinical and radiographic outcomes.DesignThe literature was screened via PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials databases until August 2015 to select randomized clinical trials that compared at least two different treatments regarding immature necrotic permanent teeth comprising clinical and radiographic success as outcome. Two reviewers independently performed the screening and evaluation of the articles. A total of 648 studies were retrieved from the databases, in which only 14 were selected to full‐text analysis by the appliance of inclusion criteria. After the exclusion criteria, the remaining seven studies had their data extracted and assessed for bias risk. Pooled‐effect estimates were obtained comparing clinical and radiographic success rates among MTA Versus other treatments.ResultsEvaluation of clinical (Z = 2.32, P = 0.02, OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 1.29–22.23, I = 0%) and radiographic (Z = 2.45, P = 0.01, OR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.34–13.82, I = 0%) outcomes favored the MTA (control group) when compared to other endodontic treatments (P < 0.05). No evidence of heterogeneity was detected among the studies (I < 50%), whereas a moderate risk of bias was identified in five of them.ConclusionsAlthough almost all of the identified studies presented moderate risk of bias, MTA apexification seems to produce overall better clinical and radiographic success rates among the endodontic treatment available in immature necrotic permanent teeth.
Enzyme inactivation of tomato juice by ohmic heating and its effects on physico‐chemical characteristics of concentrated tomato paste
Authors: Makroo H. A. , Rastogi N. K. , Srivastava B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFresh juice of fully ripe tomato was subjected to ohmic heat (OH) treatment (90°C for 1 min) and the effectiveness of treatment was compared with conventional hot break (CT) treatment (90°C for 5 min). PG (Polygalacturonase) and PME (Pectin methyl esterase) enzyme inactivation achieved by the OH (1 min.) was similar as compared to CT of 5 min. During the kinetic analysis it was observed that the inactivation of PME & PG enzyme and degradation of ascorbic acid followed first order trend in ohmic as well as conventional treatment of tomato juice, however total color change (DE) was found to follow least‐squares non‐linear parameter algorithm behavior. Thermal treatments leads to the increased release of phyto‐chemicals from the matrix which results in a significant (p<0.01) increase in lycopene content during the early phases of the treatments. The Paste (28±0.5 °Brix) obtained after pre‐treatment was analyzed for lycopene, ascorbic acid content and apparent viscosity and color. OH Paste was found more viscous than CT treatment with maximum viscosity of 2.33×103 mPa‐s. The color of OH treated paste was bright red as compared to CT treatment, however the lycopene and ascorbic acid content of paste were found similar in OH and CT. Based on results of present study it is concluded that the ohmic treatment may be applied as an efficient alternative to the conventional method of enzyme inactivation in tomato juice.
Expression and prognostic value of microRNA‐26a and microRNA‐148a in gastric cancer
Authors: Qiu Xiaonan , Zhu Haixia , Liu Sang , Tao Guoquan , Jin Jing , Chu Haiyan , Wang Meilin , Tong Na , Gong Weida , Zhao Qinghong , Qiang Fulin , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimIn our previous study, we demonstrated that four microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR‐26a, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐148a, and miR‐195) that were downregulated in both plasma and tumor tissues were confirmed to be promising non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC).MethodsWe used the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression levels of the four miRNAs from paraffin‐embedded surgical specimens of GC patients. Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank test were applied to predict the correlation between miRNAs and cumulative overall survival (OS) of patients with GC. Besides, we performed in vitro assays including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation, and apoptosis.ResultsThe median of miRNA expression in paraffin‐embedded tissues were used as the cutoff value to classify patients into high or low expression groups. Down‐regulation of miR‐26a and miR‐148a was significantly associated with shorter OS of GC patients either in the test set (miR‐26a: P = 0.009; miR‐148a: P = 0.005) or the validation set (miR‐26a: P = 0.011; miR‐148a: P = 0.024). When two sets were combined, Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both of miR‐26a and miR‐148a were independent prognostic factors for predicting OS of patients with GC (miR‐26a: HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.94; miR‐148a: HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.58–0.91). Furthermore, elevated expression of miR‐26 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation, and induced apoptosis of MGC‐803 cells compared with negative control groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings supported miR‐26a and miR‐148a could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for GC.
Evidence for the association between IgG‐antimitochondrial antibody and biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Tang Libo , Zhong Ruihua , He Xuanqiu , Wang Weibin , Liu Jinhong , Zhu Youfu , Li Yongyin , Hou Jinlin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimAntimitochondrial antibody (AMA) is considered the serological hallmark of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), while data regarding the profile of AMA during ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment are scarce. Here, we assessed the influence of UDCA treatment on titers of AMA and factors relevant to its production.MethodsSerum IgA‐AMA, IgM‐AMA, IgG‐AMA, B cell‐activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), and the frequency of circulating plasmablasts were detected in PBC patients, including those who received UDCA therapy for 24 weeks, healthy controls, chronic hepatitis B patients, and autoimmune hepatitis patients. Consecutive liver sections from controls and PBC patients were stained by immunohistochemistry for detection of intrahepatic CD38+, IgA+, IgM+, and IgG+ cells.ResultsSignificant decrease in titers of IgG‐AMA was found only confined to PBC patients with biochemical response to UDCA treatment (P = 0.005), and similar pattern was also observed at week 24 in quantifying circulating plasmablasts (P = 0.025) and serum BAFF (P = 0.013). Notably, positive correlation between serum BAFF levels and titers of IgG‐AMA, and the frequency of circulating plasmablasts were observed in PBC patients (r = 0.464, P = 0.034 and r = 0.700, P < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, in situ staining revealed significant accumulation of CD38+ and IgG+ cells within the portal tracts of PBC liver.ConclusionsDecreased titers of serum IgG‐AMA are associated with biochemical response to UDCA treatment, implicating the potentiality of this hallmark in therapeutic response evaluation and the beneficial effect of UDCA on humoral immunity in PBC patients.
Recycle, Bury, or Burn Wood Waste Biomass?: LCA Answer Depends on Carbon Accounting, Emissions Controls, Displaced Fuels, and Impact Costs
Authors: Morris Jeffrey 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis study extends existing life cycle assessment (LCA) literature by assessing seven environmental burdens and an overall monetized environmental score for eight recycle, bury, or burn options to manage clean wood wastes generated at construction and demolition activity sites. The study assesses direct environmental impacts along with substitution effects from displacing fossil fuels and managed forest wood sourcing activities. Follow‐on effects on forest carbon stocks, land use, and fuel markets are not assessed. Sensitivity analysis addresses landfill carbon storage and biodegradation rates, atmospheric emissions controls, displaced fuel types, and two alternative carbon accounting methods commonly used for waste management LCAs. Base‐case carbon accounting considers emissions and uptakes of all biogenic and fossil carbon compounds, including biogenic carbon dioxide. Base‐case results show that recycling options (recycling into reconstituted wood products or into wood pulp for papermaking) rank better than all burning or burying options for overall monetized score as well as for climate impacts, except that wood substitution for coal in industrial boilers is slightly better than recycling for the climate. Wood substitution for natural gas boiler fuel has the highest environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis shows the overall monetized score rankings for recycling options to be robust except for the carbon accounting method, for which all options are highly sensitive. Under one of the alternative methods, wood substitution for coal boiler fuel and landfill options with high methane capture efficiency are the best for the overall score; recycling options are next to the worst. Under the other accounting alternative, wood substitution for coal and waste‐to‐energy are the best, followed by recycling options.
Intracerebroventricular Oxytocin Self‐Administration in Female Rats
Authors: Donhoffner M. E. , Goings S. P. , Atabaki K. , Wood R. I. 
Published: August 2016

Oxytocin (OT) is a neuromodulator that facilitates pair‐bonding, maternal care and social approach. OT is considered to promote these social behaviours by enhancing the salience and reinforcing effects of relevant social stimuli. There is the additional possibility that OT per se may be rewarding. To test this, we investigated whether female rats would voluntarily self‐administer OT. Female Long–Evans rats were ovariectomised and then received an oestrogen implant and an i.c.v. cannula. Rats were tested in an operant chamber with active and inactive levers. They were initially tested for 4 h/day on a fixed‐ratio 5 schedule for self‐administration of artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) for 5 days, followed by aCSF, or OT, at 1 or 10 ng/μl for another 5 days. Rats self‐administering aCSF made 36.2 ± 6.2 active lever responses/4 h versus 14.9 ± 3.4 inactive responses. Responses for 1 ng/μl OT were similar. However, rats self‐administering 10 ng/μl OT made significantly more active lever responses (67.8 ± 12.0 per 4 h), and received 121.4 ± 21.0 ng OT/4 h. To determine whether reduced anxiety contributes to the reinforcing effects of OT, rats received an infusion of aCSF or OT at 0.3 or 3.0 μg immediately before testing on the elevated plus maze. There was no effect of OT on anxiety as reflected by percentage time spent on the open arms, as well as no effect of OT on locomotion as measured either by the number of closed arm entries or the number of total arm entries. These results suggest that OT may be rewarding, and that this is not a result of the anxiolytic effects of OT.
Exploring psychological safety as a component of facilitation within the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework
Authors: Brown Donna , McCormack Brendan 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore holistic facilitation as an approach to enable the healthcare team to critically analyse practice and enhance patient care.BackgroundGlobally, the challenge of changing healthcare practices for enhanced patient care is the focus of much attention. Facilitation is emerging as an important approach to assist healthcare teams to explore and improve their practice. Within the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, which has been tested in an international arena, facilitation is a key element of operationalising collaborative changes in practice. This study uses the framework to explore holistic facilitation and the concept of psychological safety.DesignAn Emancipatory Action Research approach was used.MethodsFacilitated critical reflection was undertaken with the healthcare team working in an abdominal surgical unit. In addition, the lead researcher maintained a reflexive journal. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Eighty‐five per cent (n = 48) of nursing staff and individual participants from other parts of the healthcare team (n = 3) participated in the two‐year study.ResultsData revealed 14 sub‐themes that impacted upon the culture of the unit. These were as follows: support, leadership, oppressed behaviours, communication, interruptions, power imbalance, horizontal violence, threat, autonomy, distorted perceptions, vulnerability, value, trust and time. Psychological safety, leadership and oppressed behaviours emerged as three key themes in the practice context.ConclusionsThere is a need to create psychologically safe spaces in environments where insufficient support, weak leadership and oppressed behaviours are apparent. Psychological safety enables individuals to feel safe to engage in difficult conversations and consider changes to practice. In a theoretical contribution to the area of facilitation, it is proposed that the additional element of psychological safety needs to be incorporated into facilitation models, in particular, the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, to more accurately reflect the complexities of working with healthcare teams.Relevance to practiceThe pressure on healthcare environments continues to increase. To achieve the necessary skills to lead and develop services requires more than simply highlighting what is wrong with practice. Creating psychologically safe spaces, using holistic facilitation, is essential to enabling healthcare teams to critically analyse practice and enhance patient care.
Prognosis of endometrial cancer patients with and without symptoms at recurrence
Authors: Yoshiba Takahiro , Takei Yuji , Machida Shizuo , Taneichi Akiyo , Sato Naoto , Takahashi Suzuyo , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Saga Yasushi , Matsubara Shigeki , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimDuring routine follow‐up for postoperative endometrial cancer, we have encountered patients with and without symptoms at recurrence. In this study, we investigated whether or not there is a difference in the prognosis between patients with and without symptoms at recurrence.MethodsWe reviewed endometrial cancer patients who had been treated in our hospital between 1998 and 2007. Routine follow‐up was conducted by our facility criteria. We investigated recurrence‐free survival (RFS), presence or absence of symptoms at recurrence, overall survival from recurrence (OSFR), and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe subjects were 293 patients. Recurrence was detected in 46 patients. The median RFS was 15 (1–103) months. At the time of recurrence, symptoms were present in 14 patients and absent in 32 patients. In groups with and without symptoms at recurrence, the median OSFR were 36 (2–100) and 45 (2–139) months, respectively. The median OS were 55 (6–163) and 100 (11–178) months, respectively. There were no significant differences in either parameter. Independent prognostic factors for OSFR and OS were histopathologic types other than endometrioid carcinoma (vs endometrioid carcinoma, hazard ratio = 3.102 and 3.008, respectively) and RFS of 14 months or shorter (vs 15 months or longer, hazard ratio = 2.378 and 3.739, respectively).ConclusionThere was no difference in the prognosis between the groups with and without symptoms at recurrence. Independent prognostic factors of recurrent patients were histopathologic types and RFS. A large‐scale study should be conducted to examine the necessity of routine follow‐up for detecting recurrence in the absence of symptoms.
Virological and cytological clearance in laser vaporization and conization for cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia grade 3
Authors: Mariya Tasuku , Nishikawa Akira , Sogawa Kanae , Suzuki Riri , Saito Masae , Kawamata Akari , Shimizu Ayumi , Nihei Takehito , Sonoda Tomoko , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimCervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the precancerous stage of cervical cancer. Standard treatment for high‐grade CIN is conization of the cervix. The risk of preterm birth following conization has been discussed recently. In contrast, laser vaporization is believed not to affect perinatal outcome, but the long‐term effectiveness of each surgical procedure is still unclear. The aim of this prospective unmatched‐cohort study was therefore to compare virological and cytological clearance and recurrence risk between conization and vaporization for CIN3.MethodsSubject consisted of CIN3 patients treated at the present hospital between 2007 to 2011 and followed up until December 2014. One hundred and one patients were treated with laser conization, and 137 with vaporization. The surgical procedure was selected on the basis of colposcopy, pathological grade and patient's hope for pregnancy.ResultsThere were no significant differences in cure rate, human papilloma virus (HPV) clearance rate or recurrence rates between the conization and vaporization groups. Risk ratio of recurrence for each surgical procedure adjusted for age and HPV persistence status were analyzed on Cox proportional hazards modeling. Recurrence risk ratio for patients treated by vaporization was 6.21 (95%CI: 0.65–59.19; P = 0.111) compared with conization and there were no significant differences. No adverse pregnancy outcome was observed in the vaporization group compared with conization.ConclusionsLaser vaporization is useful for young patients with CIN3 who hope for pregnancy in the future.
Moral Motivation as a Dynamic Developmental Process: Toward an Integrative Synthesis
Authors: Kaplan Ulas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe real‐life complexity of moral motivation can be examined and explained by reintegrating time and development into moral inquiry. This article is one of the possible integrative steps in this direction. A dynamic developmental conception of moral motivation can be a useful bridge toward such integration. A comprehensive view of moral motivation is presented. Moral motivation is reconceptualized as a developmental process of self‐organization and self‐regulation out of which moral judgment and action emerge through the interplay of dynamically intertwined cognitive and emotional components. Moral identity is proposed to emerge from long‐term self‐organization of moral motivation. In turn, as a higher‐order construct, moral identity has a top‐down influence on real‐time self‐organization. The article includes an account of short‐term changes in moral motivation, and an account that connects real‐time moral functioning with long‐term changes. Moral motivation is qualified as a dynamic developmental process on the basis of self‐organization, multicausality, nonlinearity, interconnectedness of time scales and substantial intrapersonal variability through motivational pluralism.