bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Amination of Less‐Activated Alkylated Arenes Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Anodes
Authors: Herold Sebastian , Möhle Sabine , Zirbes Michael , Richter Frank , Nefzger Hartmut , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe anodic C–H amination of aromatic compounds is a powerful and versatile method for the synthesis of aniline derivatives. By using boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anodes, a method initially described by Yoshida et al. for electron‐rich arenes was expanded to less‐activated aromatic systems e.g., simple alkylated benzene derivatives. Anodes based on sp3 carbon seem to be the key for the electrochemical amination reaction. The corresponding primary anilines are obtained in good yields. Despite the cationic intermediates of the electrolytic reaction tert‐butyl moieties are tolerated.
A Self‐Assembled Rectangular Host with Terpyridine–Platinum(II) Moieties That Binds Unsubstituted Pentacene in Solution
Authors: Yamaki Yusuke , Nakamura Takashi , Suzuki Sayuri , Yamamura Masaki , Minoura Mao , Nabeshima Tatsuya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPentacene has attracted much attention as an organic electric material, but it often suffers from its very low solubility. We now report self‐assembled rectangular host 18+ that has two pairs of terpyridine–PtII moieties aligned parallel to each other and connected by diyne linkers. The host encapsulated unsubstituted pentacene (2) with a remarkably strong binding constant of Ka ≈ 107 M–1 and solubilized it in acetonitrile up to the millimolar level. For smaller acenes (i.e., naphthalene to tetracene), a planar arrangement of two molecules inside the cavity was achieved. These results made it possible to analyze the acenes in the solution phase and provided a way to align the guests by a solution‐processing method as a possible application, and thus, they contribute to fundamental physical organic chemistry as well as organic electronics.
Internal C–C Bond Rotation in Photoisomers of α‐Bisimines: a Light‐Responsive Two‐Step Molecular Speed Regulator Based on Double Imine Photoswitching
Authors: Greb Lutz , Eichhöfer Andreas , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBenzil‐based α‐bisimines are implemented as photoswitches for the construction of a speed‐regulating molecular device, in which, by application of light, three different states may be addressed, showing distinct frequencies of internal C–C bond rotation, spanning 12 orders of magnitude. Bond rotation barriers were determined experimentally and elucidated by DFT‐methods.
Altered function of intracortical networks in chronic lateral epicondylalgia
Authors: Burns E. , Chipchase L.S. , Schabrun S.M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundLateral epicondylalgia (LE) is a musculotendinous condition characterized by persistent pain, sensorimotor dysfunction and motor cortex reorganization. Although there is evidence linking cortical reorganization with clinical symptoms in LE, the mechanisms underpinning these changes are unknown. Here we investigated activity in motor cortical (M1) intracortical inhibitory and facilitatory networks in individuals with chronic LE and healthy controls.MethodsSurface electromyography was recorded bilaterally from the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle of 14 LE (4 men, 41.5 ± 9.9 years) and 14 control participants (4 men, 42.1 ± 11.1 years). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of M1 was used to evaluate resting and active motor threshold, corticomotor output, short‐ (SICI) and long‐latency intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) of both hemispheres.ResultsIn individuals with LE, SICI (p = 0.005), ICF (p = 0.026) and LICI (p = 0.046) were less in the M1 contralateral to the affected ECRB muscle compared with healthy controls. Motor cortical threshold (rest: p = 0.57, active: p = 0.97) and corticomotor output (p = 0.15) were similar between groups. No differences were observed between individuals with LE and healthy controls for the M1 contralateral to the unaffected ECRB muscle.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence of less intracortical inhibition mediated by both GABAA and GABAB receptors, and less intracortical facilitation in the M1 contralateral to the affected ECRB in individuals with LE compared with healthy controls. Similar changes were not present in the M1 contralateral to the unaffected ECRB. These changes may provide the substrate for M1 reorganization in chronic LE and could provide a target for future therapy.What does this study addLateral epicondylalgia (LE) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by elbow pain and sensorimotor dysfunction. The excitability and organization of the motor cortical representation of the wrist extensor muscles is altered in LE, but the mechanisms that underpin these changes are unknown. evidence of less intracortical inhibition mediated by both GABAA and GABAB receptors, and less intracortical facilitation mediated by NMDA receptors, in the M1 contralateral to the affected extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle in chronic LE compared with healthy controls. Altered activity in intracortical networks may contribute to altered motor cortex organization in LE and could provide a potential target for future treatments.
Formation and Electrical Evaluation of a Single Metallized DNA Nanowire in a Nanochannel
Authors: Himuro Takahiro , Sato Shinobu , Takenaka Shigeori , Yasuda Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel fabrication process was developed for a single silver nanowire using DNA metallization in a nanochannel, and the electrical properties of this nanowire were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After being isolated using a nanochannel measuring 500 nm in depth and 500 nm in width, a single λDNA molecule was electrostatically stretched and immobilized between two electrodes separated by a gap of 15 μm by applying an AC voltage of 1 MHz and 20 Vp‐p. Then, naphthalene diimide molecules terminally‐labeled with galactose moieties were intercalated into the λDNA, and the reduction of silver ions along the λDNA led to its metallization with silver. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that two nanowires having different average widths of 154 nm and 250 nm were formed in two individual nanochannels. The nanowires showed the linear current‐voltage characteristics, and their combined resistance was estimated to be 45.5 Ω. The complex impedance of the nanowires was measured, and an equivalent circuit was obtained as a series connection of a resistance and a parallel resistance‐constant phase element circuit. Impedance analysis revealed that the nanowire included silver grain boundaries, and the bulk resistivity of silver grain was estimated to be 8.35×10−8 Ωm.
Characterization and Electrocatalytic Activity of Nanocomposites Consisting of Nanosized Cobalt Tetraaminophenoxy Phthalocyanine, Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Shumba Munyaradzi , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGlassy carbon electrodes were modified with composites containing cobalt tetraaminophenoxy phthalocyanine nanoparticles (CoTAPhPcNP), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and gold nanorods (AuNRs). The modified electrodes were studied for their electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Phthalocyanine nanoparticles significantly improved electron transfer kinetics as compared to phthalocyanines which are not in the nanoparticle form when alone or in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). CoTAPhPcNP‐MWCNT‐GCE proved to be suitable for hydrogen peroxide detection with a catalytic rate constant of 3.45×103 M−1 s−1 and a detection limit of 1.61×10−7 M. Adsorption Gibbs free energy ΔGo was found to be −19.22 kJ mol−1 for CoTAPhPcNP‐MWCNT‐GCE.
Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor for the MUC1 Protein Based on Multi‐functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Wenrou , Guo Zhiyong , Sha Yuhong , Wang Sui , Su Xiurong , Jiang Xiaohua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor was prepared for the detection of Mucin 1 based on its specific recognition by aptamer immobilized on multi‐functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite, which was prepared with N‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐N‐ethylisoluminol (ABEI) and aptamer chemically bound to the surface of magnetic GO (nanoFe3O4@GO). ABEI and aptamer acted as the electrochemiluminophore and the capture device for Mucin 1 respectively. NanoFe3O4@GO brought multi‐functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite attracted on the surface of magnetic glass carbon electrode through magnetism, enabled all the ABEI immobilized electrochemically active due to its good conductivity and thus then facilitated the sensitive detection of Mucin 1. In addition, the ECL aptasensor can be prepared through a one‐step process. Under optimal conditions, the ECL intensity of the aptasensor decreased proportionally to the logarithmic concentrations of Mucin 1 in the range of 0.005–1000 ng mL−1. This aptasensor displays good specificity, stability, reproducibility and application. This method has a large potential because such a multi‐functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite also may be applied to other ECL‐based aptasensors.
Fabrication and Use of Dual‐function Iridium Oxide Coated Gold SECM Tips. An Application to pH Monitoring above a Copper Electrode Surface during Nitrate Reduction.
Authors: Santos Carla S. , Lima Alex S. , Battistel Dario , Daniele Salvatore , Bertotti Mauro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe fabrication of a gold microelectrode modified with iridium oxide film (IrOx) and its use as tip with a dual function in SECM experiments is reported. The defective structure of the coating onto the microelectrode surface was used as strategy to combine the advantages of both amperometric (for current‐distance determination) and potentiometric (for pH sensing) SECM operation modes. Approach curves, using oxygen and hexaammineruthenium(III) as redox mediators, were obtained without significant loss of the performance and reproducibility of the potentiometric pH response. This allowed the precise positioning of the proposed tip above a substrate in SECM experiments and, subsequently, to monitor pH at the substrate surface. The IrOx modified microelectrode was applied successfully in SECM experiments involving the local proton consumption during the nitrate reduction at a copper cathode surface.
Triple‐pulse Method for Monitoring Formate in CO2 Conversion Process
Authors: Jeong Soojin , Shin Woonsup 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn CO2‐to‐formic‐acid process, real‐time monitoring of formate is pivotal for the efficient control of the process. A stable sensing method that is suitable for measuring the high concentrations of formate produced during this process is required. Here, we developed a triple‐potential‐step method to monitor the formate in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 M and showed that a long‐term, continuous monitoring is possible. Among the Pd‐, Pt‐, and Au‐electrode materials tested, Au was the best option due to its low sensitivity and its stability in formate oxidation.
Determination of Amlodipine and Atenolol by Batch Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection on Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Silva Almir A. , Silva Luiz A. J. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. , Oliveira Aline C. , Richter Eduardo M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis work describes the sequential determination of amlodipine (AML) and atenolol (ATN) by batch injection analysis (BIA) with pulsed amperometric detection (BIA‐PAD). Boron doped diamond (BDD) was used as working electrode. AML was detected at +1.00 V and ATN at +1.65 V. The proposed BIA method is simple, robust, precise (RSD <3.2 %; n=10), presents high analytical frequency (>70 injections h−1), generates reduced volume of waste (without use of organic solvent) and requires minimal sample manipulation (dissolution and dilution in electrolyte). The limits of detection were 0.074 and 0.073 µmol L−1 for AML and ATN, respectively. The results obtained with the proposed BIA method were compared to those obtained by HPLC and similar results were obtained (at 95% of confidence level).
Biomethanization of Brewer's spent grain evaluated by application of the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1
Authors: Colussi Iginio , Cortesi Angelo , Gallo Vittorino , Vitanza Rosa 
Published: February 2016

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the residual solid fraction of the final mash process of malting, is a main waste fraction of beer production, recently considered as possible substrate for biovalorization by anaerobic digestion (AD).In this article, the biomethanization of BSG was evaluated by performing biochemical methane potential (BPM) tests. The obtained specific methane production (SMP) was 0.284 LCH4·g−1COD. The process was modelled by implementing the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) into AQUASIM software with the focus on the disintegration and hydrolysis step. The calibrated disintegration rate for BSG was equal to 0.823 d−1 and the hydrolysis rate constants varied from 0.124 d−1 for lipids to 1.056 d−1 for proteins.The obtained results showed a good efficiency in treating BSG with anaerobic digestion. The practical conversion degree of the biowaste COD into methane was equal to 81.1%, a high value for a substrate with an elevated solid content. Moreover, the estimated values of disintegration and hydrolysis rates complied with the retention time values generally adopted in an anaerobic digestor. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1055–1060, 2016
Influence of boundary conditions on the out‐of‐plane response of brick masonry walls in buildings with RC slabs
Authors: Tondelli Marco , Beyer Katrin , DeJong Matthew 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn modern unreinforced masonry buildings with stiff RC slabs, walls of the top floor are most susceptible to out‐of‐plane failure. The out‐of‐plane response depends not only on the acceleration demand and wall geometry but also on the static and kinematic boundary conditions of the walls. This paper discusses the influence of these boundary conditions on the out‐of‐plane response through evaluation of shake table test results and numerical modelling. As a novum, it shows that the in‐plane response of flanking elements, which are orthogonal to the wall whose out‐of‐plane response is studied, has a significant influence on the vertical restraint at the top of the walls. The most critical configuration exists if the flanking elements are unreinforced masonry walls that rock. In this case, the floor slabs can uplift, and the out‐of‐plane load‐bearing walls loose the vertical restraint at the top. Numerical modelling confirms this experimentally observed behaviour and shows that slab uplift and the difference in base and top excitation have a strong influence on the out‐of‐plane response of the walls analysed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SER analysis of selective DF relaying based OWC system with generalised turbulence
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Bansal Ankur , Garg Parul 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the error performance of selective decode‐and‐forward based optical wireless communication system utilising subcarrier intensity modulation for arbitrary M‐ary signalling over generalised
‐distributed atmospheric turbulence. The
‐distribution is a generic statistical model for characterising the atmospheric turbulence‐induced fading and unifies several existing statistical models for atmospheric turbulence. In particular, we derive a closed‐form expression of the approximate average symbol error rate for the considered system with independent and non‐identically distributed optical links. Furthermore, we analytically evaluate the diversity order for various distributions (e.g. gamma–gamma distribution, K‐distribution and negative exponential distribution), characterised by the generalised
‐distribution model. The analytical results have been verified by simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From evoked potentials to cortical currents: Resolving V1 and V2 components using retinotopy constrained source estimation without fMRI
Authors: Inverso Samuel A. , Goh Xin‐Lin , Henriksson Linda , Vanni Simo , James Andrew C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite evoked potentials' (EP) ubiquity in research and clinical medicine, insights are limited to gross brain dynamics as it remains challenging to map surface potentials to their sources in specific cortical regions. Multiple sources cancellation due to cortical folding and cross‐talk obscures close sources, e.g. between visual areas V1 and V2. Recently retinotopic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses were used to constrain source locations to assist separating close sources and to determine cortical current generators. However, an fMRI is largely infeasible for routine EP investigation. We developed a novel method that replaces the fMRI derived retinotopic layout (RL) by an approach where the retinotopy and current estimates are generated from EEG or MEG signals and a standard clinical T1‐weighted anatomical MRI. Using the EEG‐RL, sources were localized to within 2 mm of the fMRI‐RL constrained localized sources. The EEG‐RL also produced V1 and V2 current waveforms that closely matched the fMRI‐RL's (n = 2) r(1,198) = 0.99, P < 0.0001. Applying the method to subjects without fMRI (n = 4) demonstrates it generates waveforms that agree closely with the literature. Our advance allows investigators with their current EEG or MEG systems to create a library of brain models tuned to individual subjects' cortical folding in retinotopic maps, and should be applicable to auditory and somatosensory maps. The novel method developed expands EP's ability to study specific brain areas, revitalizing this well‐worn technique. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1696–1709, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordinate‐based (ALE) meta‐analysis of brain activation in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Dehghan Mahboobeh , Schmidt‐Wilcke Tobias , Pfleiderer Bettina , Eickhoff Simon B. , Petzke Frank , Harris Richard E. , Montoya Pedro , Burgmer Markus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere are an increasing number of neuroimaging studies that allow a better understanding of symptoms, neural correlates and associated conditions of fibromyalgia. However, the results of these studies are difficult to compare, as they include a heterogeneous group of patients, use different stimulation paradigms, tasks, and the statistical evaluation of neuroimaging data shows high variability. Therefore, this meta‐analytic approach aimed at evaluating potential alterations in neuronal brain activity or structure related to pain processing in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients, using quantitative coordinate‐based “activation likelihood estimation” (ALE) meta‐analysis. 37 FMS papers met the inclusion criteria for an ALE analysis (1,264 subjects, 274 activation foci). A pooled ALE analysis of different modalities of neuroimaging and additional analyses according functional and structural changes indicated differences between FMS patients and controls in the insula, amygdala, anterior/mid cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, and lingual gyrus. Our analysis showed consistent results across FMS studies with potential abnormalities especially in pain‐related brain areas. Given that similar alterations have already been demonstrated in patients with other chronic pain conditions and the lack of adequate control groups of chronic pain subjects in most FMS studies, it is not clear however, whether these findings are associated with chronic pain in general or are unique features of patients with FMS. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1749–1758, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diastereoselective Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of Novel Functionalized Cyclic Sulfamidites Precursors of Cyclic Sulfamidates
Authors: Slama Soumaya , Arfaoui Youssef , Besbes Rafâa 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTNew 3,4,5‐trisubstituted sulfamidites were prepared through cyclization of β‐amino alcohol diesters with thionyl chloride. The oxidation of these N‐alkylated sulfamidites into the corresponding sulfamidates was then performed. Interestingly, the NMR spectra of the prepared sulfamidites revealed that the ratios of the exo and endo diastereomers of these compounds were influenced by the substituents on the α‐carbon. In addition, theoretical calculations at the DFT B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level were carried and indicated that the exo‐diastereomers were more stable than the endo forms.
Structure Revision of Caesalpinistas A and B and Isolation of a New Furanoditerpenoid from the Cotyledons of Caesalpinia decapetala var. japonica
Authors: Kamikawa Sayuri , Ohta Emi , Nehira Tatsuo , Ômura Hisashi , Ohta Shinji 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA known cassane‐type furanoditerpenoid, caesalpinista B (1), and a new diterpenoid, deoxycaesaljaponin A (2), were isolated from the cotyledons of Caesalpinia decapetala var. japonica. The previously reported configurational assignments of 1 and the related diterpenoid caesalpinista A (3) were revised on the basis of X‐ray crystallography and chemical conversion. The structure of 2 was elucidated by spectroscopic data and chemical conversion into 3.
A Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroindeno[2′,1′,3,4]pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Manouchehri Arezoo Lazar , Mirzaei Anvar , Yavari Issa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn effective route to alkyl 9a‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐dioxo‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl)‐9a,14,14a,14b‐tetrahydro‐14‐oxoindeno[2′,1′:3,4]pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐9‐carboxylates via a diastereoselective one‐pot four‐component reaction of isoquinoline and alkyl prop‐2‐ynoates with two equivalents of indane‐1,3‐dione, in aqueous MeOH at room temperature, is described.
New Cytotoxic Meroterpenoids from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis fici
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Zhuowei , Guo Liangdong , Liu Ling 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPestalofones I – K (1–3), three new dimeric meroterpenoids with 2‐(7‐benzoyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐yl)‐1‐phenylethan‐1‐one (in 1) and 2‐(7‐benzoyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐yl)‐1‐(3,8‐dioxatricyclo[5.1.0.02,4]oct‐4‐yl)ethan‐1‐one (in 2 and 3) skeletons, were isolated from the solid cultures of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by NMR experiments. Compound 1 was found to be present as a racemic mixture. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were deduced by analogy to the previously isolated metabolites pestalofones G and H (4 and 5) from the same fungus. Biogenetically, compounds 1–3 are derived from the same precursors (co‐isolated compounds 9 and 10) as the previously isolated compounds 4–8. Compounds 2 and 3 showed weak cytotoxic activities against four human tumor cell lines T24, HeLa, A549, and MCF‐7.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Determination of p38 MAPK from the Liver and Kidney of Silver Carp
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Ma Junguo , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe sequence of p38MAPK in silver carp (Hm‐p38a) was cloned and sequenced. Additionally, the acute toxicity of crude microcystins (MCs) on silver carp and induction expression of Hm‐p38a by MCs exposure were also determined in this study. The results reveal that the length of Hm‐p38a is 2418 bp and it contains a 1086 bp open reading frame. Hm‐p38a could encode 361 amino acids. Sequence analysis indicates that Hm‐p38a contains the conserved structures of Thr‐Gly‐Tyr motif and substrate binding site Ala‐Thr‐Arg‐Trp, and it is highly conserved in fish. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Hm‐p38a is more closely related to fish than mammals and it belongs to p38α subfamily. Moreover, Hm‐p38a in silver carp is constitutively expressed in all examined tissues. In addition, our results indicate that MCs exposure significantly promotes the transcription of Hm‐p38a in fish liver or kidney, suggesting that mitogen‐activated protein kinase should also be the signal pathway of MCs hepatotoxicity in fish.