bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of an 8‐Week Stabilization Exercise Program on Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Thickness and Activation as Measured With Ultrasound Imaging in Patients With Low Back Pain: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Larivière Christian , Gagnon Dany H. , Henry Sharon M. , Preuss Richard , Dumas Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundLumbar stabilization exercise programs (LSEP) produce positive effects on clinical outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. Psychological and neuromuscular mechanisms can be involved, such as a better activation of the lumbar multifidus, which represents one possibility.ObjectivesTo determine the following: (1) the effect of an LSEP on lumbar multifidus muscle thickness and activation, as measured with rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI), in patients with low back pain (LBP); (2) the correlation between RUSI measures and any change in clinical outcomes following the LSEP; and (3) the reliability of RUSI measures in control subjects over 8 weeks.DesignOne‐arm clinical trial with healthy subjects as a control group; reliability study.SettingLSEP delivered in a clinical setting; outcomes measured in a laboratory setting.ParticipantsA total of 34 patients with nonacute LBP and 28 healthy control subjects.MethodsOutcomes were measured before and after an 8‐week LSEP in patients with LBP, and at the same time interval (without treatment, to assess reliability) in control subjects.Main Outcome MeasurementsPain numeric rating scale, Oswestry Disability Index (function), as well as RUSI measures for the lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles at 3 vertebral levels (L5‐S1, L4‐5, and L3‐4) during rest (static) and dynamic contractions (percent thickness change).ResultsPatients did not show systematic changes in RUSI measures relative to controls, even though RUSI impairments were observed at baseline (dynamic measure at L5‐S1) and even though patients had significant improvements in pain and disability. Correlational analyses with these clinical outcomes suggested that patients had reduced muscle thickness at baseline that was associated with a greater reduction in disability following LSEP; however, LM activation measured at baseline showed the opposite. Static RUSI measures showed excellent reliability at the L4‐5 and L3‐4 levels, whereas dynamic measures were not reliable.ConclusionsPatients showed less muscle activation than controls at baseline (L5‐S1 level), but the LSEP did not normalize this impairment. The links between RUSI measures and the change in clinical outcomes during LSEP should be further explored.This clinical trial has been recorded in the International Standard Registered Clinical/soCial sTudy Number (ISRCTN) registry (ID: ISRCTN94152969).Level of EvidenceII
Evidence that S6K1, but not 4E-BP1, mediates skeletal muscle pathology associated with loss of A-type lamins
Authors: Liao Chen-Yu , Anderson Sydney S , Chicoine Nicole H , Mayfield Jarrott R , Garrett Brittany J , Kwok Charlotte S , Academia Emmeline C , Hsu Yueh-Mei , Miller Delana M , Bair Amanda M , Wilson Joy A , Tannady Gabriella , Stewart Erin M , Adamson Stuart S , Wang Junying , Withers Dominic J , Kennedy Brian K 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a central role in aging and a number of different disease states. Rapamycin, which suppresses activity of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), shows preclinical (and sometimes clinical) efficacy in a number of disease models. Among these are Lmna−/− mice, which serve as a mouse model for dystrophy-associated laminopathies. To confirm that elevated mTORC1 signaling is responsible for the pathology manifested in Lmna−/− mice and to decipher downstream genetic mechanisms underlying the benefits of rapamycin, we tested in Lmna−/− mice whether survival could be extended and disease pathology suppressed either by reduced levels of S6K1 or enhanced levels of 4E-BP1, two canonical mTORC1 substrates. Global heterozygosity for S6K1 ubiquitously extended lifespan of Lmna−/− mice (Lmna−/−S6K1+/− mice). This life extension is due to improving muscle, but not heart or adipose, function, consistent with the observation that genetic ablation of S6K1 specifically in muscle tissue also extended survival of Lmna−/− mice. In contrast, whole-body overexpression of 4E-BP1 shortened the survival of Lmna−/− mice, likely by accelerating lipolysis. Thus, rapamycin-mediated lifespan extension in Lmna−/− mice is in part due to the improvement of skeletal muscle function and can be phenocopied by reduced S6K1 activity, but not 4E-BP1 activation.
Molecular evidence strongly supports deadwood-inhabiting fungi exhibiting unexpected tree species preferences in temperate forests
Authors: Purahong Witoon , Wubet Tesfaye , Krüger Dirk , Buscot François 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Wood-inhabiting fungi have essential roles in the regulation of carbon stocks and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. However, knowledge pertaining to wood-inhabiting fungi is only fragmentary and controversial. Here we established a large-scale deadwood experiment with 11 tree species to investigate diversity and tree species preferences of wood-inhabiting fungi using next-generation sequencing. Our results contradict existing knowledge based on sporocarp surveys and challenge current views on their distribution and diversity in temperate forests. Analyzing α-, β- and γ-diversity, we show that diverse fungi colonize deadwood at different spatial scales. Specifically, coniferous species have higher α- and γ-diversity than the majority of analyzed broadleaf species, but two broadleaf species showed the highest β-diversity. Surprisingly, we found nonrandom co-occurrence (P&lt;0.001) and strong tree species preferences of wood-inhabiting fungi, especially in broadleaf trees (P&lt;0.01). Our results indicate that the saprotrophic fungal community is more specific to tree species than previously thought.
Changes in bacterioplankton community structure during early lake ontogeny resulting from the retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Peter Hannes , Jeppesen Erik , De Meester Luc , Sommaruga Ruben 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Retreating glaciers and ice sheets are among the clearest signs of global climate change. One consequence of glacier retreat is the formation of new meltwater-lakes in previously ice-covered terrain. These lakes provide unique opportunities to understand patterns in community organization during early lake ontogeny. Here, we analyzed the bacterial community structure and diversity in six lakes recently formed by the retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). The lakes represented a turbidity gradient depending on their past and present connectivity to the GrIS meltwaters. Bulk (16S rRNA genes) and putatively active (16S rRNA) fractions of the bacterioplankton communities were structured by changes in environmental conditions associated to the turbidity gradient. Differences in community structure among lakes were attributed to both, rare and abundant community members. Further, positive co-occurrence relationships among phylogenetically closely related community members dominate in these lakes. Our results show that environmental conditions along the turbidity gradient structure bacterial community composition, which shifts during lake ontogeny. Rare taxa contribute to these shifts, suggesting that the rare biosphere has an important ecological role during early lakes ontogeny. Members of the rare biosphere may be adapted to the transient niches in these nutrient poor lakes. The directionality and phylogenetic structure of co-occurrence relationships indicate that competitive interactions among closely related taxa may be important in the most turbid lakes.
Genome-wide genetic and epigenetic analyses of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas reveal aberrations in genome stability
Authors: Jäkel Cornelia , Bergmann Frank , Toth Reka , Assenov Yassen , van der Duin Daniel , Strobel Oliver , Hank Thomas , Klöppel Günter , Dorrell Craig , Grompe Markus , Moss Joshua , Dor Yuval , Schirmacher Peter , Plass Christoph , Popanda Odilia , Schmezer Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive exocrine tumor with largely unknown biology. Here, to identify potential targets for personalized treatment, we perform integrative genome-wide and epigenome-wide analyses. The results show frequently aberrant DNA methylation, abundant chromosomal amplifications and deletions, and mutational signatures suggesting defective DNA repair. In contrast to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, no recurrent point mutations are detected. The tumor suppressorsID3,ARID1A,APC, andCDKN2Aare frequently impaired also on the protein level and thus potentially affect ACC tumorigenesis. Consequently, this work identifies promising therapeutic targets in ACC for drugs recently approved for precision cancer therapy.
Mapping and phasing of structural variation in patient genomes using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Cretu Stancu Mircea , van Roosmalen Markus J. , Renkens Ivo , Nieboer Marleen M. , Middelkamp Sjors , de Ligt Joep , Pregno Giulia , Giachino Daniela , Mandrile Giorgia , Espejo Valle-Inclan Jose , Korzelius Jerome , de Bruijn Ewart , Cuppen Edwin , Talkowski Michael E. , Marschall Tobias , de Ridder Jeroen , Kloosterman Wigard P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite improvements in genomics technology, the detection of structural variants (SVs) from short-read sequencing still poses challenges, particularly for complex variation. Here we analyse the genomes of two patients with congenital abnormalities using the MinION nanopore sequencer and a novel computational pipeline—NanoSV. We demonstrate that nanopore long reads are superior to short reads with regard to detection of de novo chromothripsis rearrangements. The long reads also enable efficient phasing of genetic variations, which we leveraged to determine the parental origin of all de novo chromothripsis breakpoints and to resolve the structure of these complex rearrangements. Additionally, genome-wide surveillance of inherited SVs reveals novel variants, missed in short-read data sets, a large proportion of which are retrotransposon insertions. We provide a first exploration of patient genome sequencing with a nanopore sequencer and demonstrate the value of long-read sequencing in mapping and phasing of SVs for both clinical and research applications.
Current-induced viscoelastic topological unwinding of metastable skyrmion strings
Authors: Kagawa Fumitaka , Oike Hiroshi , Koshibae Wataru , Kikkawa Akiko , Okamura Yoshihiro , Taguchi Yasujiro , Nagaosa Naoto , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the MnSi bulk chiral magnet, magnetic skyrmion strings of 17 nm in diameter appear in the form of a lattice, penetrating the sample thickness, 10–1000 μm. Although such a bundle of skyrmion strings may exhibit complex soft-matter-like dynamics when starting to move under the influence of a random pinning potential, the details remain highly elusive. Here, we show that a metastable skyrmion-string lattice is subject to topological unwinding under the application of pulsed currents of 3–5 × 106 A m–2 rather than being transported, as evidenced by measurements of the topological Hall effect. The critical current density above which the topological unwinding occurs is larger for a shorter pulse width, reminiscent of the viscoelastic characteristics accompanying the pinning-creep transition observed in domain-wall motion. Numerical simulations reveal that current-induced depinning of already segmented skyrmion strings initiates the topological unwinding. Thus, the skyrmion-string length is an element to consider when studying current-induced motion.
Fault-tolerant interface between quantum memories and quantum processors
Authors: Poulsen Nautrup Hendrik , Friis Nicolai , Briegel Hans J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTopological error correction codes are promising candidates to protect quantum computations from the deteriorating effects of noise. While some codes provide high noise thresholds suitable for robust quantum memories, others allow straightforward gate implementation needed for data processing. To exploit the particular advantages of different topological codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation, it is necessary to be able to switch between them. Here we propose a practical solution, subsystem lattice surgery, which requires only two-body nearest-neighbor interactions in a fixed layout in addition to the indispensable error correction. This method can be used for the fault-tolerant transfer of quantum information between arbitrary topological subsystem codes in two dimensions and beyond. In particular, it can be employed to create a simple interface, a quantum bus, between noise resilient surface code memories and flexible color code processors.
Pre-metastatic cancer exosomes induce immune surveillance by patrolling monocytes at the metastatic niche
Authors: Plebanek Michael P. , Angeloni Nicholas L. , Vinokour Elena , Li Jia , Henkin Anna , Martinez-Marin Dalia , Filleur Stephanie , Bhowmick Reshma , Henkin Jack , Miller Stephen D. , Ifergan Igal , Lee Yesung , Osman Iman , Thaxton C. Shad , Volpert Olga V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetastatic cancers produce exosomes that condition pre-metastatic niches in remote microenvironments to favor metastasis. In contrast, here we show that exosomes from poorly metastatic melanoma cells can potently inhibit metastasis to the lung. These “non-metastatic” exosomes stimulate an innate immune response through the expansion of Ly6Clow patrolling monocytes (PMo) in the bone marrow, which then cause cancer cell clearance at the pre-metastatic niche, via the recruitment of NK cells and TRAIL-dependent killing of melanoma cells by macrophages. These events require the induction of the Nr4a1 transcription factor and are dependent on pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the outer surface of exosomes. Importantly, exosomes isolated from patients with non-metastatic primary melanomas have a similar ability to suppress lung metastasis. This study thus demonstrates that pre-metastatic tumors produce exosomes, which elicit a broad range of PMo-reliant innate immune responses via trigger(s) of immune surveillance, causing cancer cell clearance at the pre-metastatic niche.
Marine oxygen production and open water supported an active nitrogen cycle during the Marinoan Snowball Earth
Authors: Johnson Benjamin W. , Poulton Simon W. , Goldblatt Colin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic Earth was punctuated by two low-latitude Snowball Earth glaciations. Models permit oceans with either total ice cover or substantial areas of open water. Total ice cover would make an anoxic ocean likely, and would be a formidable barrier to biologic survival. However, there are no direct data constraining either the redox state of the ocean or marine biological productivity during the glacials. Here we present iron-speciation, redox-sensitive trace element, and nitrogen isotope data from a Neoproterozoic (Marinoan) glacial episode. Iron-speciation indicates deeper waters were anoxic and Fe-rich, while trace element concentrations indicate surface waters were in contact with an oxygenated atmosphere. Furthermore, synglacial sedimentary nitrogen is isotopically heavier than the modern atmosphere, requiring a biologic cycle with nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification. Our results indicate significant regions of open marine water and active biologic productivity throughout one of the harshest glaciations in Earth history.
Periodontitis induced by bacterial infection exacerbates features of Alzheimer’s disease in transgenic mice
Authors: Ishida Naoyuki , Ishihara Yuichi , Ishida Kazuto , Tada Hiroyuki , Funaki-Kato Yoshiko , Hagiwara Makoto , Ferdous Taslima , Abdullah Mohammad , Mitani Akio , Michikawa Makoto , Matsushita Kenji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPeriodontitis is a localized infectious disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Recently, it has been suggested that bacterial infections may contribute to the onset and the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, we do not have any evidence about a causative relationship between periodontitis and AD. In this study, we investigated by using a transgenic mouse model of AD whether periodontitis evoked by P. gingivalis modulates the pathological features of AD. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in periodontitis-induced APP-Tg mice, compared to that in control APP-Tg mice. Levels of Amiloid β (Aβ) deposition, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in both the hippocampus and cortex were higher in inoculated APP-Tg mice than in control APP-Tg mice. Furthermore, levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the brain were higher in inoculated mice than in control mice. The levels of LPS were increased in the serum and brain of P. gingivalis-inoculated mice. P. gingivalis LPS-induced production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in neural cell cultures and strongly enhanced TNF-α and IL-1β production in a culture of microglial cells primed with Aβ. Periodontitis evoked by P. gingivalis may exacerbate brain Aβ deposition, leading to enhanced cognitive impairments, by a mechanism that involves triggering brain inflammation.
Towards efficient data exchange and sharing for big-data driven materials science: metadata and data formats
Authors: Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Carbogno Christian , Levchenko Sergey , Mohamed Fawzi , Huhs Georg , Lüders Martin , Oliveira Micael , Scheffler Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith big-data driven materials research, the new paradigm of materials science, sharing and wide accessibility of data are becoming crucial aspects. Obviously, a prerequisite for data exchange and big-data analytics is standardization, which means using consistent and unique conventions for, e.g., units, zero base lines, and file formats. There are two main strategies to achieve this goal. One accepts the heterogeneous nature of the community, which comprises scientists from physics, chemistry, bio-physics, and materials science, by complying with the diverse ecosystem of computer codes and thus develops “converters” for the input and output files of all important codes. These converters then translate the data of each code into a standardized, code-independent format. The other strategy is to provide standardized open libraries that code developers can adopt for shaping their inputs, outputs, and restart files, directly into the same code-independent format. In this perspective paper, we present both strategies and argue that they can and should be regarded as complementary, if not even synergetic. The represented appropriate format and conventions were agreed upon by two teams, the Electronic Structure Library (ESL) of the European Center for Atomic and Molecular Computations (CECAM) and the NOvel MAterials Discovery (NOMAD) Laboratory, a European Centre of Excellence (CoE). A key element of this work is the definition of hierarchical metadata describing state-of-the-art electronic-structure calculations.
Large positive correlation between the effective electron mass and the multipolar fluctuation in the heavy-fermion metal Ce1
−

x
La
x
B6
Authors: Jang Dongjin , Portnichenko Pavlo Y. , Cameron Alistair S. , Friemel Gerd , Dukhnenko Anatoliy V. , Shitsevalova Natalya Y. , Filipov Volodymyr B. , Schneidewind Astrid , Ivanov Alexandre , Inosov Dmytro S. , Brando Manuel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor the last few decades, researchers have been intrigued by multipolar ordering phenomena and related quantum phase transitions in heavy-fermion Kondo systems. However, a criticality induced by substitution level (x), temperature (T), or magnetic field (B) is poorly understood even in the prototypical material, Ce1−x
La
x
B6, despite a large collection of experimental results is available. In this work, we present T–B, x–T, and x–B phase diagrams of Ce1−x
La
x
B6 (B || [110]). These are completed by investigating heat capacity, magnetocaloric effect (MCE), and elastic neutron scattering. A drastic increase of the Sommerfeld coefficient γ0, which is estimated from the heat capacity down to 0.05 K, is observed with increasing x. The precise T–B phase diagram including a high-entropy region is derived from the MCE analysis in which a knowledge beyond the equilibrium thermodynamics is involved. Finally, the x–B phase diagram at T = 0, which supports the existence of a quantum critical point at x > 0.75, is obtained by the same analysis. A detailed interpretation of phase diagrams strongly indicates positive correlation between the fluctuating multipoles and the effective electron mass.
Silica nanoparticle aggregation in calcite replacement reactions
Authors: Liesegang Moritz , Milke Ralf , Kranz Christine , Neusser Gregor 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNatural nanoparticles are fundamental building blocks of Earth’s bio- and geosphere. Amorphous silica nanoparticles are ubiquitous in nature, but fundamental knowledge of their interaction mechanisms and role in mineral replacement reactions is limited. Here we show how silica nanoparticles replace Cretaceous calcite bivalve shells in a volume- and texture-preserving process. Electron tomography reveals that mineral replacement transfers calcite crystallographic orientations to twinned photonic crystals composed of face-centered cubic silica sphere stacks. During the face-specific replacement process, silica nanoparticles continuously nucleate, aggregate, and form a lattice of uniform spheres parallel to calcite low-energy facets. We explain the replacement process with a new model that unifies recently proposed, probably universal mechanisms of interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation and aggregation-based crystallization; both key mechanisms in geological processes and nanomaterials design and synthesis.
Violet Light Transmission is Related to Myopia Progression in Adult High Myopia
Authors: Torii Hidemasa , Ohnuma Kazuhiko , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo , Negishi Kazuno 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMyopia is increasing worldwide. Although the exact etiology of myopia is unknown, outdoor activity is one of the most important environmental factors for myopia control. We previously reported that violet light (VL, 360–400 nm wavelength), which is abundant in the outdoor environment, suppressed myopia progression for individuals under 20 years of age. However, whether VL is also effective for adult high myopia, which can be sight-threatening, has remained unknown. To investigate the influence of VL for adult myopia, we retrospectively compared the myopic progression and the axial length elongation over five years in adult high myopic patients over 25 years of age after two types (non-VL transmitting and VL transmitting) of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation. We found that high myopic patients with the non-VL transmitting pIOLs implanted are almost two times more myopic in the change of refraction and four times longer in the change of axial length, compared to those implanted with the VL transmitting pIOLs. This result indicated that the VL transmitting pIOL suppressed myopia progression and axial length elongation compared with the non-VL transmitting one. In conclusion, our study showed the VL possibly has an anti-myopia effect for human adults with high myopia.