bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textural analysis of early‐phase spatiotemporal changes in contrast enhancement of breast lesions imaged with an ultrafast DCE‐MRI protocol
Authors: Milenković Jana , Dalmış Mehmet Ufuk , Žgajnar Janez , Platel Bram 
Published: June 2017

PurposeNew ultrafast view‐sharing sequences have enabled breast dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) to be performed at high spatial and temporal resolution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of textural features that quantify the spatiotemporal changes of the contrast‐agent uptake in computer‐aided diagnosis of malignant and benign breast lesions imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution DCE‐MRI.MethodThe proposed approach is based on the textural analysis quantifying the spatial variation of six dynamic features of the early‐phase contrast‐agent uptake of a lesion's largest cross‐sectional area. The textural analysis is performed by means of the second‐order gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix, gray‐level run‐length matrix and gray‐level difference matrix. This yields 35 textural features to quantify the spatial variation of each of the six dynamic features, providing a feature set of 210 features in total. The proposed feature set is evaluated based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in a cross‐validation scheme for random forests (RF) and two support vector machine classifiers, with linear and radial basis function (RBF) kernel. Evaluation is done on a dataset with 154 breast lesions (83 malignant and 71 benign) and compared to a previous approach based on 3D morphological features and the average and standard deviation of the same dynamic features over the entire lesion volume as well as their average for the smaller region of the strongest uptake rate.ResultThe area under the ROC curve (AUC) obtained by the proposed approach with the RF classifier was 0.8997, which was significantly higher (P = 0.0198) than the performance achieved by the previous approach (AUC = 0.8704) on the same dataset. Similarly, the proposed approach obtained a significantly higher result for both SVM classifiers with RBF (P = 0.0096) and linear kernel (P = 0.0417) obtaining AUC of 0.8876 and 0.8548, respectively, compared to AUC values of previous approach of 0.8562 and 0.8311, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed approach based on 2D textural features quantifying spatiotemporal changes of the contrast‐agent uptake significantly outperforms the previous approach based on 3D morphology and dynamic analysis in differentiating the malignant and benign breast lesions, showing its potential to aid clinical decision making.
Differences in excitability properties between medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and abductor pollicis brevis motor axons
Authors: Klein Cliff S. , Zhao Chen Ning , Liu Hui , Zhou Ping 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Excitability properties of motor nerves to different muscles are different, but the explanation is uncertain. We characterized motor axon excitability properties to the medial gastrocnemius (MG) in 27 adults, and made comparisons with the peroneal nerve to the tibialis anterior (TA) and median nerve to the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) in 10 subjects. Methods: Recordings of multiple excitability properties were made using threshold tracking, stimulating the nerves at the wrist or knee. Results: Threshold electrotonus and superexcitability differed between nerves (APB>MG>TA axons) that may reflect differences in fast K+ conductance. APB axons had larger S2 accommodation and undershoot than TA and MG axons, indicating greater slow K+ conductance. TA axons demonstrated greater accommodation during hyperpolarizing currents than MG and APB axons, suggestive of greater inwardly rectifying current. Discussion: Inherent differences in several conductances underlie nerve differences in excitability, presumably related to muscle or motoneuron properties. Muscle Nerve 57: E60–E69, 2018
A Framework for SFC Integrity in NFV Environments
Authors: Bondan Lucas , Wauters Tim , Volckaert Bruno , De Turck Filip , Granville Lisandro Zambenedetti 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIndustry and academia have increased the deployment of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) on their environments, either for reducing expenditures or taking advantage of NFV flexibility for service provisioning. In NFV, Service Function Chainings (SFC) composed of Virtualized Network Functions (VNF) are defined to deliver services to different customers. Despite the advancements in SFC composition for service provisioning, there is still a lack of proposals for ensuring the integrity of NFV service delivery, i.e., detecting anomalies in SFC operation. Such anomalies could indicate a series of different threats, such as DDoS attacks, information leakage, and unauthorized access. In this PhD, we propose a framework composed of an SFC Integrity Module (SIM) for the standard NFV architecture, providing the integration of anomaly detection mechanisms to NFV orchestrators. We present recent results of this PhD regarding the implementation of an entropy-based anomaly detection mechanism using the SIM framework. The results presented in this paper are based on the execution of the proposed mechanism using a realistic SFC data set.
Optimal Service Function Chain Composition in Network Functions Virtualization
Authors: Ocampo Andrés F. , Gil-Herrera Juliver , Isolani Pedro H. , Neves Miguel C. , Botero Juan F. , Latré Steven , Zambenedetti Lisandro , Barcellos Marinho P. , Gaspary Luciano P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNetwork Functions Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging initiative where virtualization is used to consolidate Network Functions (NFs) onto high volume servers (HVS), switches, and storage. In addition, NFV provides flexibility as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) can be moved to different locations in the network. One of the major challenges of NFV is the allocation of demanded network services in the network infrastructures, commonly referred to as the Network Functions Virtualization - Resource Allocation (NFV-RA) problem. NFV-RA is divided into three stages: (i) Service Function Chain (SFC) composition, (ii) SFC embedding and (iii) SFC scheduling. Up to now, existing NFV-RA approaches have mostly tackled the SFC embedding stage taking the SFC composition as an assumption. Few approaches have faced the composition of the SFCs using heuristic approaches that do not guarantee optimal solutions. In this paper, we solve the first stage of the problem by characterizing the service requests in terms of NFs and optimally building the SFC using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach.
The Evaluation of the V2VUNet Concept to Improve Inter-vehicle Communications
Authors: Kristiana Lisa , Schmitt Corinna , Stiller Burkhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDue to the high mobility behavior in inter-vehicle communications (IVC), packet forwarding among vehicles becomes an important issue. For IVC in a traditional packet forwarding setting, it was observed that the ratio between packets received and the packets transmitted is often very low, sometimes less than 50%. This ratio is highly influenced by the environment, especially by road topologies and obstructions (e.g., buildings or overpasses). Further influences encompass the number of driving vehicles on streets offering burdens for the IVC as well as serving as relay candidates. In order to improve IVC this paper introduces a Vehicular-to-Vehicular Urban Network (V2VUNet) to overcome inevitable obstructions and frequent network changes by selecting the best relay candidate. The V2VUNet implemented was evaluated in an IVC with the focus on three-dimensional road topologies including overpasses with a different number of driving lanes. The result shows that the developed V2VUNet provides about 30% better packet transmission performance compared to traditional packet transmission in IVC.
The effects of pesticides on morphology, viability, and germination of Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) and Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) pollen grains
Authors: Padilla Flavio , Soria Norman , Oleas Abrahan , Rueda Darwin , Manjunatha Bangeppagari , Kundapur Rajesh R. , Maddela Naga Raju , Rajeswari Bugude 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of application of pesticides on morphology, viability, and germination of pollen grains of Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) and Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.). The study was performed at Patate, Tungurahua province, Ecuador and was divided into two phases. Phase one dedicated to the study of morphology, viability, and identification of nutrient solution for better germination of pollen grains and phase two for the analysis of the effect of conventional, organic, and biological pesticides on pollen grain germination and pollen tube length. To study pollen morphology, pollens were extracted by hand pressure and was analyzed by optical and electron microscopy. The viable pollen grains were identified by staining with 1% acetocarmine. Even though Tree tomato and Blackberry pollen grains are morphologically similar, their exine shapes differ. We observed four times increase in pollen germination rate when suspended in nutrient solution (Sucrose with Boric acid) than control (water). Pollen grains under nutrient solution were subjected to different groups of pesticides for the period of 2, 4, and 6 h. With respect to pesticide affect, the Blackberry pollen grain germination followed the following order: Lecaniceb > Beauveb > Metazeb => Myceb > Control. However, the effect on Tree tomato pollen grains was as follows: Lecaniceb > Myceb > Cantus > Bacillus thuringiensis > Kripton > Control. As per as pollen grain germination is concerned, we observed that the chemical pesticides are more harmful than other pesticides. So, it is necessary to perform screening test for different pesticides and their effect on pollen grain germination before applying to the fields.
Effect of stick-slip on magneto-rheological elastomer with a magnetic field
Authors: Lian Chenglong , Lee Kwang-hee , An Jun-wook , Lee Chul-hee 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study investigated the stick-slip characteristics of a magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE) against an aluminum plate. Herein, the MRE was manufactured, and a stick-slip tester was employed to evaluate the stick-slip performance of the MRE under different velocities and load conditions with and without a magnetic field. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the friction force of the stick-slip and the roughness of the aluminum plate surface were calculated to confirm the stick-slip phenomenon. After the tests, the wear surfaces were observed to evaluate the wear properties of the MRE regarding the stick-slip. Results showed that the stick-slip was smaller at lower velocity. At higher velocity, the reduction of the stick-slip under a magnetic field was more clearly observed. Moreover, the wear reduced with reduced stick-slip under a magnetic field.
Familiarity deficits in cognitively normal aging individuals with APOE ε4: A follow‐up investigation of medial temporal lobe structural correlates
Authors: Schoemaker Dorothee , Poirier Judes , Collins D. Louis , Gauthier Serge , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele is a well‐documented risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, aging individuals carrying one or more ε4 alleles are at considerably greater risk of developing AD over time. In an effort to characterize early cognitive manifestations of AD, we previously outlined selective deficits in familiarity‐based recognition in otherwise asymptomatic carriers of the APOE ε4 allele (Schoemaker et al., 2016). In this follow‐up report, we aimed to explore the neural correlates of this selective cognitive impairment.MethodsFor this purpose, within the same population and using high‐resolution structural neuroimaging, we explored relationships between volumes of the hippocampus, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices and performance in recollection and familiarity.ResultsOverall, our results revealed significant positive relationships between familiarity performance and volumes of the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices in aging individuals with APOE ε4. In APOE ε4 carriers, a positive correlation between recollection performance and hippocampal volume was also found. In contrast, no correlation reached statistical significance in the group of noncarriers.ConclusionThese findings suggest that familiarity performance might be a useful marker of the integrity of the rhinal cortex, especially in populations at risk of AD.
Treatment with methotrexate, rituximab, and cytosine arabinoside followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Atilla Pinar Ataca , Atilla Erden , Bozdag Sinem Civriz , Yuksel Meltem Kurt , Toprak Selami Kocak , Topcuoglu Pervin , Demirer Taner , Ilhan Osman , Arslan Onder , Gurman Gunhan , Ozcan Muhit 
Published: June 2017

Objective/Background:
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is associated with worst prognosis compared with other aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. However, recent trials have demonstrated that long-term progression-free survival can be achieved by immunochemotherapy. Our goal is to present our experience in aggressive PCNSL in this study. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical features and management of 13 PCNSL patients who were diagnosed and treated between 2006 and 2015.

Results:
Nine patients received rituximab (R) 375mg/m2/day on Day 1, methotrexate (MTX) 3.5g/m2/day and cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) 4.4g/m2/day on Day 2, as well as ARA-C 4.4g/m2/day on Day 3 every 28 days, and underwent autologous stem cell transplantation. Two patients received procarbazine instead of ARA-C. One patient relapsed, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed. All nine patients are followed in complete remission. Two of 13 patients received one course of MTX and 36–45 Gy radiotherapy and died. One patient with renal transplantation had progressive disease and died. Grade 3–4 hematological toxicity was detected in 11 (85%), Grade 3–4 mucositis in 11 (85%), and febrile neutropenia in 12 (92%) patients. The median overall survival in the R–MTX–ARA-C/procarba zine group was 28 ± 16 months.

Conclusion:
R–MTX–ARA-C followed by autologous stem cell transplantation seems a promising strategy with high response rates in PCNSL.
Deformation of a compliant wall in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Zhang Cao , Wang Jin , Blake William , Katz Joseph 
Published: June 2017

Interaction of a compliant wall with a turbulent channel flow is investigated experimentally by simultaneously measuring the time-resolved, three-dimensional (3D) flow field and the two-dimensional (2D) surface deformation. The optical set-up integrates tomographic particle image velocimetry to measure the flow with Mach–Zehnder interferometry to map the deformation. The Reynolds number is $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=2300$, and the Young’s modulus of the wall is 0.93 MPa, resulting in a ratio of shear speed to the centreline velocity ($U_{0}$) of 6.8. The wavenumber–frequency spectra of deformation show the surface motions consist of a non-advected low-frequency component and advected modes, some travelling downstream at approximately $U_{0}$ and others at ${\sim}0.72U_{0}$. The r.m.s. values of the advected and non-advected modes are $0.04~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$$(0.004\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}})$ and $0.2~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ ($0.02\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$), respectively, much smaller than the wall unit ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$), hence they do not affect the flow. Trends in the wall dynamics are elucidated by correlating the deformation with flow variables, including the 3D pressure distribution calculated by spatially integrating the material acceleration. Predictions by the Chase [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 89 (6), pp. 2589–2596] linear model are also calculated and compared to the measured trends. The spatial deformation–pressure correlations peak at $y/h\approx 0.12$ ($h$ is half channel height), the elevation of Reynolds shear stress maximum in the log-layer. Streamwise lagging of the deformation behind the pressure is caused in part by phase lag of the pressure with decreasing distance from the wall, and in part by material damping. Positive deformations (bumps) caused by negative pressure fluctuations are preferentially associated with ejections involving spanwise vortices located downstream and quasi-streamwise vortices with spanwise offset. Results of conditional correlations are consistent with the presence of hairpin-like structures. The negative deformations (dimples) are preferentially associated with positive pressure fluctuations at the transition between an upstream sweep to a downstream ejection.
A niche for cyanobacteria producing chlorophyll f within a microbial mat
Authors: Ohkubo Satoshi , Miyashita Hideaki 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Acquisition of additional photosynthetic pigments enables photosynthetic organisms to survive in particular niches. To reveal the ecological significance of chlorophyll (Chl) f, we investigated the distribution of Chl and cyanobacteria within two microbial mats. In a 7-mm-thick microbial mat beneath the running water of the Nakabusa hot spring, Japan, Chl f was only distributed 4.0–6.5 mm below the surface, where the intensity of far-red light (FR) was higher than that of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In the same mat, two ecotypes of Synechococcus and two ecotypes of Chl f-producing Leptolyngbya were detected in the upper and deeper layers, respectively. Only the Leptolyngbya strains could grow when FR was the sole light source. These results suggest that the deeper layer of the microbial mat was a habitat for Chl f-producing cyanobacteria, and Chl f enabled them to survive in a habitat with little PAR.
Metal vapor micro-jet controls material redistribution in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Ly Sonny , Rubenchik Alexander M. , Khairallah Saad A. , Guss Gabe , Matthews Manyalibo J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe results of detailed experiments and finite element modeling of metal micro-droplet motion associated with metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes are presented. Ultra high speed imaging of melt pool dynamics reveals that the dominant mechanism leading to micro-droplet ejection in a laser powder bed fusion AM is not from laser induced recoil pressure as is widely believed and found in laser welding processes, but rather from vapor driven entrainment of micro-particles by an ambient gas flow. The physics of droplet ejection under strong evaporative flow is described using simulations of the laser powder bed interactions to elucidate the experimental results. Hydrodynamic drag analysis is used to augment the single phase flow model and explain the entrainment phenomenon for 316 L stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V powder layers. The relevance of vapor driven entrainment of metal micro-particles to similar fluid dynamic studies in other fields of science will be discussed.
Interactive effects of plant neighbourhood and ontogeny on insect herbivory and plant defensive traits
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Glauser Gaétan , Abdala-Roberts Luis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlant ontogenetic stage and features of surrounding plant neighbourhoods can strongly influence herbivory and defences on focal plants. However, the effects of both factors have been assessed independently in previous studies. Here we tested for the independent and interactive effects of neighbourhood type (low vs. high frequency of our focal plant species in heterospecific stands) and ontogeny on leaf herbivory, physical traits and chemical defences of the English oak Quercus robur. We further tested whether plant traits were associated with neighbourhood and ontogenetic effects on herbivory. We found that leaf herbivory decreased in stands with a low frequency of Q. robur, and that saplings received less herbivory than adult trees. Interestingly, we also found interactive effects of these factors where a difference in damage between saplings and adult trees was only observed in stands with a high frequency of Q. robur. We also found strong ontogenetic differences in leaf traits where saplings had more defended leaves than adult trees, and this difference in turn explained ontogenetic differences in herbivory. Plant trait variation did not explain the neighbourhood effect on herbivory. This study builds towards a better understanding of the concurrent effects of plant individual- and community-level characteristics influencing plant-herbivore interactions.
Biomimetic Molecular Signaling using DNA Walkers on Microparticles
Authors: Damase Tulsi Ram , Spencer Adam , Samuel Bamidele , Allen Peter B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report the release of catalytic DNA walkers from hydrogel microparticles and the detection of those walkers by substrate-coated microparticles. This might be considered a synthetic biology analog of molecular signal release and reception. One type of particles was coated with components of a DNA one-step strand displacement (OSD) reaction to release the walker. A second type of particle was coated with substrate (or “track”) for the molecular walker. We distinguish these particle types using fluorescence barcoding: we synthesized and distinguished multiple particle types with multicolor fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis software. This represents a step toward amplified, multiplex, and microscopically localized detection based on DNA nanotechnology.
Podoplanin enhances lung cancer cell growth in vivo by inducing platelet aggregation
Authors: Miyata Kenichi , Takemoto Ai , Okumura Sakae , Nishio Makoto , Fujita Naoya 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPodoplanin/Aggrus, known as a platelet aggregation-inducing factor, is frequently overexpressed in lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) and glioblastomas among other tumours, and its expression has been reported to be correlated with poor prognosis. However, the contribution of podoplanin to malignant progression has been elusive. Here we demonstrate that in podoplanin-positive LSCC cells, their growth was abrogated by podoplanin knockout in vivo but not in vitro. Conversely, ectopic expression of podoplanin promoted cell growth in vivo and facilitated intratumoral platelet activation. Consistently, LSCC cells evoked podoplanin-mediated platelet aggregation (PMPA), and the releasates from platelets during PMPA promoted the growth of LSCC cells in vitro. Phospho-receptor-tyrosine-kinase array analysis revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation of LSCC cells was responsible for the growth promotion induced by platelet releasates. Treatment with an antiplatelet agent or podoplanin-neutralizing antibody depressed the growth of an LSCC tumour xenograft via suppression of EGFR phosphorylation. These results suggested that podoplanin in LSCC enhanced cell growth by inducing PMPA in vivo and contributed to malignant progression.