bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL TRANSITION IN THE NGC 6251 JET: AN INTERPLAY WITH THE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE AND ITS HOST GALAXY
Authors: Tseng Chih-Yin , Asada Keiichi , Nakamura Masanori , Pu Hung-Yi , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Lo Wen-Ping 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The structure of the NGC 6251 jet on the milliarcsecond scale is investigated using images taken with the European VLBI Network and the Very Long Baseline Array. We detect a structural transition of the jet from a parabolic to a conical shape at a distance of (1–2) × 105 times the Schwarzschild radius from the central engine, which is close to the sphere of gravitational influence of the supermassive black hole (SMBH). We also examine the jet pressure profiles with the synchrotron minimum energy assumption to discuss the physical origin of the structural transition. The NGC 6251 jet, together with the M87 jet, suggests a fundamental process of structural transition in the jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Collimated AGN jets are characterized by their external galactic medium, showing that AGN jets interplay with the SMBH and its host galaxy.
ENERGETIC NEUTRAL HYDROGEN OBSERVATIONS DEMONSTRATE THAT VOYAGER 1 IS NOT OBSERVING THE EXTRAORDINARILY STRONG INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Gloeckler G. , Fisk L. A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
It is generally believed that Voyager 1 (V1) is now in interstellar space, having crossed the heliopause at a heliocentric distance of 121.58 au in late August of 2012. Here we use recently published spectra of energetic neutral hydrogen, and the magnetic field and energetic particles directly measured by V1 to find the average pressure in the inner heliosheath (termination shock to 122 au). This pressure turns out to be surprisingly large, (3.57 ± 0.71) × 10−12 dyn cm−2, and is completely dominated by pressures of pickup ions (PUIs), created in the inner heliosheath, and their suprathermal tails (43%), and PUIs and their tails that are produced upstream of the termination shock and enter the heliosheath (46%). We compute the total particle pressure in the outer heliosheath near the heliopause from distribution functions of the interstellar plasma and locally created PUIs using profiles of proton density, proton temperature, and neutral hydrogen density from model 2 in Zank et al., and find it to be at most 7.7 × 10−13 dyn cm−2. Balancing pressure across the heliopause, thus requires an unusually large magnetic pressure (2.8 × 10−12 dyn cm−2). The resulting strength and 1σ uncertainty of the draped magnetic field in the outer heliosheath near the heliopause is 0.839 ± 0.106 nT. The 3σ
lower limit field strength (0.52 nT) is greater than the field of ∼0.43 ± 0.02 nT measured by V1, implying that there is less than 1% probability that V1 is measuring the interstellar draped field.
gPhoton: THE GALEX PHOTON DATA ARCHIVE
Authors: Million Chase , Fleming Scott W. , Shiao Bernie , Seibert Mark , Loyd Parke , Tucker Michael , Smith Myron , Thompson Randy , White Richard L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
gPhoton is a new database product and software package that enables analysis of GALEX ultraviolet data at the photon level. The project’s stand-alone, pure-Python calibration pipeline reproduces the functionality of the original mission pipeline to reduce raw spacecraft data to lists of time-tagged, sky-projected photons, which are then hosted in a publicly available database by the Mikulski Archive at Space Telescope. This database contains approximately 130 terabytes of data describing approximately 1.1 trillion sky-projected events with a timestamp resolution of five milliseconds. A handful of Python and command-line modules serve as a front end to interact with the database and to generate calibrated light curves and images from the photon-level data at user-defined temporal and spatial scales. The gPhoton software and source code are in active development and publicly available under a permissive license. We describe the motivation, design, and implementation of the calibration pipeline, database, and tools, with emphasis on divergence from prior work, as well as challenges created by the large data volume. We summarize the astrometric and photometric performance of gPhoton relative to the original mission pipeline. For a brief example of short time-domain science capabilities enabled by gPhoton, we show new flares from the known M-dwarf flare star CR Draconis. The gPhoton software has permanent object identifiers with the ASCL (ascl:1603.004) and DOI (doi:10.17909/T9CC7G). This paper describes the software as of version v1.27.2.
A SIMPLE EVOLUTIONAL MODEL OF THE UV HABITABLE ZONE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF PERSISTENT LIFE EXISTENCE: THE EFFECTS OF MASS AND METALLICITY
Authors: Oishi Midori , Kamaya Hideyuki 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
In addition to the habitable zone (HZ), the UV habitable zone (UV-HZ) is important when considering the existence of persistent life in the universe. The UV-HZ is defined as the area where the UV radiation field from a host star is moderate for persistent life existence. This is because UV is necessary for the synthesis of biochemical compounds. The UV-HZ must overlap the HZ when life appears and evolves. In this paper, following our previous study of the HZ, we examine the UV-HZ in cases with a stellar mass range from 0.08 to 4.00 M
☉ with various metallicities during the main sequence phase. This mass range was chosen because we are interested in an environment similar to that of Earth. The effect of metallicity is reflected in the spectrum of the host stars, and we reexamine it in the context of the UV-HZ. The present work shows the effect of metallicity when that in the UV-HZ is less than that in the HZ. Furthermore, we find that the chance of persistent life existence declines as the metallicity decreases, as long as the UV radiation is not protected and/or boosted by any mechanisms. This is because the overlapped region of a persistent HZ and UV-HZ decreases. We find that the most appropriate stellar mass for the persistence of life existence is from 1.0 to 1.5 M
☉ with metallicity Z = 0.02, and only about 1.2 M
☉ with Z = 0.002. When Z = 0.0002, the chance of persistent life existence is very low, assuming that the ocean does not protect the life from UV radiation.
Quelle expertise pour le conseil en égalité professionnelle ?
Authors: Blanchard Soline 
Published: December 2016

En quarante ans, l’égalité professionnelle s’est progressivement imposée comme problème public en France, un maximum de protagonistes du monde économique étant désormais invités à se mobiliser en faveur de cet objectif au sein de leurs organisations. Corollaire direct, une activité d’un nouveau genre a vu le jour et connaît un développement significatif depuis les années 2000 : le conseil en égalité professionnelle. Activité en construction, sa définition fait l’objet de disputes entre prestataires de service. Le présent article propose d’en étudier une dimension particulière : les conceptions concurrentes de l’expertise requise pour exercer une telle activité. L’analyse permet d’en dégager deux : une expertise d’élicitation (qui s’appuie sur le cadre de référence des clients et ses problématiques de gestion) et une expertise thématique (qui propose un cadre de référence externe et une analyse multi-niveaux des inégalités). Présentes conjointement chez l’ensemble des intervenant-e-s, ces deux conceptions apparaissent moins opposées que complémentaires. Toutefois, plébiscitée par les clients, l’expertise d’élicitation prédomine sur le marché de l’égalité professionnelle. Cette primauté influence directement la structuration du marché et le potentiel transformateur des interventions des consultant-e-s.
La mutation de la Banque de France vers l'indépendance
Authors: Duchaussoy Vincent 
Published: December 2016

Cet article a pour objet de mettre en lumière les mutations auxquelles fut soumise la Banque de France, en tant qu'organisation, à l'occasion de sa transformation en banque centrale indépendante, ici envisagée comme un processus long initié dans les années 1980 pour aboutir au vote de la loi du 4 août 1993. Réinsérant cette séquence dans une dynamique globale, il montre comment cette période est fondamentalement marquée par une double mutation. La banque centrale, nationalisée à la Libération, se détache de la sphère publique pour devenir une autorité administrative autonome. Dans le même temps, la conjoncture heurtée et la fragilité des marchés lui confèrent un rôle majeur dans la compréhension et la régulation des phénomènes monétaires internationaux. Son expertise économique et monétaire, construite au prix d'une restructuration de ses fonctions traditionnelles, lui est reconnue tant par les autorités de l'État que par les acteurs du marché. Elle marque ainsi une rupture dans la longue histoire des relations de la banque centrale avec l'État et le marché.
L'œil et l'art de la maîtresse : une châtelaine et ses serviteurs, entre discours et pratiques au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Chollet Mathilde 
Published: December 2016

Cet article étudie les rapports maîtresse-serviteurs dans la petite noblesse de province au xviii e siècle à partir d'une étude de cas. Le discours que tient la Vendômoise Mme de Marans, dans ses journaux personnels et dans sa correspondance, met en évidence les représentations des châtelaines concernant leur rôle au château et dans la société, et concernant la domesticité masculine et féminine. Les pratiques quotidiennes qui ressortent de la correspondance, des actes de la pratique et des registres paroissiaux, montrent le décalage entre discours et réalité, et l'ambiguïté des rapports maîtresse-serviteurs, entre mépris envers le groupe et affection pour les individus. Les moyens de contrôle et pression du maître mis en évidence à la ville par Sarah Maza se retrouvent et à la campagne, et sous direction féminine.
Paris/Texas : Les voies détournées de la « diversité » dans les filières d’élite de l’enseignement supérieur aux États-Unis et en France
Authors: Sabbagh Daniel 
Published: December 2016

Les États-Unis et la France sont conventionnellement décrits comme incarnant des modèles radicalement opposés quant au statut juridique et administratif des classifications raciales et la légitimité éventuelle de leur usage. Pourtant, l’étude des dispositifs mis en place depuis le milieu des années 1990 par l’Université du Texas à Austin et par Sciences Po révèle une convergence des politiques de discrimination positive américaines et françaises concernant l’accès aux filières d’élite de l’enseignement supérieur. Cette convergence a trait à la fois à la principale justification invoquée à l’appui de l’existence de ces programmes – les vertus de la « diversité » – et aux instruments mobilisés – diverses stratégies de substitution fondées sur la corrélation entre le facteur ethno-racial et le lieu de résidence. De part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, on observe donc un essor de la discrimination positive indirecte dont les déterminants demeurent imparfaitement identifiés.
Raconter saint Antoine à Lisbonne. Acteurs, performances et effets du discours hagiographique contemporain
Authors: Isnart Cyril 
Published: December 2016

Cet article examine les modalités plurielles de la narration contemporaine de la vie de saint Antoine de Padoue dans le sanctuaire qui est construit à l’emplacement supposé de sa naissance, à Lisbonne au Portugal. En décrivant d’abord la diversité des narrateurs (Franciscains en charge du sanctuaire, guides touristiques, employés des services culturels municipaux et conservateur de musée), on tente de montrer quelles sont les conditions concrètes de la fabrication d’une figure sainte locale, dont les images et le culte sont diffusés de manière universelle. Si la naissance et la formation portugaises du saint apparaissent comme deux motifs narratifs essentiels de localisation, la mise en récit des éléments du rituel populaire au Portugal permet par ailleurs de consolider les liens que le saint entretient avec son lieu. La mobilisation de l’hagiographie portugaise et de certaines pratiques dévotionnelles locales dans les discours de visite du sanctuaire implique d’une part une distinction entre le modèle ecclésiastique, universel et intellectuel de saint Antoine docteur de l’Église et la figure d’intercesseur ordinaire et familier des fidèles portugais. Mais la diversité des acteurs qui transmettent l’hagiographie permet d’autre part d’interroger les superpositions entre les usages religieux, touristiques et patrimoniaux du saint, qui apparaît tout à la fois comme modèle de vie chrétienne, paradigme de la religion populaire locale et expression de l’identité nationale. Le texte contribue ainsi à analyser comment les enjeux du tourisme et de la patrimonialisation se conjuguent intimement aujourd’hui aux pratiques religieuses et imposent une analyse qui prenne en compte la diversité des motivations du fait religieux contemporain.
La fabrique des entités : récits sur l’enchantement d’un riverain extraordinaire en Amazonie brésilienne
Authors: Stoll Émilie 
Published: December 2016

Le mythe de Cobra Honorato, largement diffusé en Amazonie brésilienne sous de multiples variantes, met en scène un serpent enchanté (encantado) et sa sœur jumelle, fruits de l’union charnelle entre une femme et une entité subaquatique. Dans la zone rurale de Santarém, bas-Amazone, cette trame narrative informe de façon récurrente les récits produits sur les trajectoires de vie d’individus remarquables (comme de grands guérisseurs décédés). À travers ces récits, les riverains retracent un réseau d’interconnaissance fondé sur la parenté en insistant sur ses dimensions spatiale, historique et sociologique. Je montrerai par ailleurs comment ces actualisations du mythe servent des enjeux microsociologiques, et permettent d’appréhender les conditions historiques des jeux de pouvoir et de domination au sein de la population régionale.
Le culte de sainte Philomène à ‘Uvea (Wallis). Figure féminine unificatrice de la jeunesse et de l’espoir
Authors: Fromonteil Alice 
Published: December 2016

À ‘Uvea (Wallis, Polynésie), le culte de sainte Philomène connaît un succès remarquable depuis 2007. Érigé sur un tertre à l’intérieur d’une école, le sanctuaire principal se trouve sur un site historique singulier. D’une part, ce sanctuaire a été construit autour d’une croix commémorant la présence de monseigneur Bataillon, premier évêque de l’île. D’autre part, cet édifice se dresse au cœur d’une zone d’ombre qui abrite des tombes appartenant au temps « païen » dont la mémoire se transmet à travers des récits oraux. Cette étude interroge l’émergence du culte de sainte Philomène à partir de l’articulation entre l’hagiographie et les récits locaux. Le culte de cette figure féminine prolonge et organise un passé complexe, tout en répondant à certains enjeux contemporains de l’île.
Outcomes, cost comparison, and patient satisfaction during long-term central venous access in cancer patients: Experience from a Tertiary Care Cancer Institute in South India
Authors: Babu K Govind , Suresh Babu M C , Lokanatha D , Bhat Gita R 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Prolonged treatment, frequent administration of chemotherapy, antibiotics and blood products in cancer patients requires long term venous access. Central venous catheters (CVC) inserted into the subclavian vein or internal jugular vein, peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) and chemoport (CP) are the commonly used central venous access devices (CVAD). Aim: This study was envisaged to review our experience of CVADs over a one year period and analyze the outcome with regard to catheter life, reasons for removal, complications, patient satisfaction and cost comparison between the CVAD types in the Indian setting. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, observational study carried out in a tertiary care cancer institute. Materials and Methods: 180 CVADs placed in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors from January 2014 to December 2014 were included. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test. P <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: 180 CVADs were placed in 160 patients. The median catheter indwelling period was 76 days (16 days to 313 days) for CVC, 59 days (20days – 313 days) for PICC and 137 days (70 days – 258 days) for CP. 66 out of 160 patients developed complications (41.2%). 108 complication events were noted in 66 patients. There were 40 episodes of CRBSI. Out of the 68 mechanical complications, 37 were encountered during insertion of the CVAD and 31 were during the catheter indwelling period. Out of 160 patients, 138 (86.25%) were satisfied with the CVAD. The cost incurred for CVC/PICC (INR 4,480) was lower than that for CP (INR 24,150) and it was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Our patients were highly satisfied with the CVAD. Conclusion: Use of CVC and PICC is a safe, reliable and cost saving way of administration of chemotherapy in developing countries. The incidence of complications and catheter loss was acceptable. Our patients were highly satisfied with the CVAD.
Effect of areca nut chewing and maximal mouth opening in schoolgoing children in Ahmedabad
Authors: Khan Azizfatema Munawer , Sheth Megha , Purohit Romsha 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Context: Areca nut is chewed by itself and in various scented preparations. Areca nut chewing is widely practiced in many parts of Asia, including India. Users often consider it harmless and report a sense of well-being, but evidence has shown that it is far from harmless and can have multiple oral health implications such as oral submucosal fibrosis posing difficulty in opening mouth and carcinogenesis. Studies in India have reported increasing prevalence of this habit among schoolgoing children. The objectives of the study were to find the effect of areca nut chewing on mouth opening, compare it with the children not having this habit, and to find correlation between maximal mouth opening (MMO) and months of areca nut chewing. Aims: The aim of this study is to find the effect of areca nut chewing on MMO in schoolgoing children in Ahmedabad. Settings and Design: An observational analytical study was conducted across various schools of Ahmedabad. Subjects and Methods: A total of eighty male students of 12–14-year-old were included in the study. Group A included children having the habit of eating areca nut for 6 months or more, and Group B had children who did not have the habit of areca nut chewing. Children who had just started eating for <6 months were excluded from the study. MMO was calculated as distance from the edge of the upper incisor teeth to the edge of the lower incisor teeth using a calibrated fiber ruler. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 20.0, with level of significance set at 5%. Results: Mean and standard deviation of MMO for Group A was 3.69 ± 0.5 cm and for Group B was 4.46 ± 0.4 cm. Statistically significant difference was found using Mann–Whitney U-test with U = 239.500 and P = 0.0001. Pearson's coefficient r = −0.623 and P = 0.0001 showed moderate correlation between months of chewing and MMO. The mean duration of chewing was found to be 1.5 years. Conclusion: There is difference in MMO between children chewing areca nut and not chewing it with a moderate correlation between months of eating areca nut and MMO.
Clinicopathological features and outcomes in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer with tailored therapy
Authors: Bala Stalin , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Linga Vijay Gandhi , Maddali Lakshmi Srinivas , Digumarti Raghunadha Rao , Uppin Shantveer G 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Context: Lung cancer is an important cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There is an increasing incidence of lung cancer in never smokers and a shift of histology from squamous cell to adenocarcinoma globally in the recent past. Data on treatment outcomes with newer platinum doublets is scant from India. Aims: To study the clinicopathological features, response rates (RRs), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the 1, 2, and 3 years survival, in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Data of all patients who received chemotherapy for Stage IIIB and IV NSCLC between January 2010 and June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariate analysis for OS was done by plotting Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test was used to calculate P values. Logistic regression analysis for OS was carried out using MedCalc statistical software. Results: A total of 353 patients received chemotherapy. Of these, 256 were evaluable for outcome parameters. The median age at presentation was 58 years with a male:female ratio of 2.53:1. The smoker:nonsmoker ratio was 1:1. Adenocarcinomatous histology was the most common both in smokers and nonsmokers reported in 70.8% patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation were seen in 35% and 3% of patients, respectively. The RR, median PFS, OS, 1, 2, and 3 years survival were 80%, 8 months, 12.1 months, 51.5%, 12.7%, and 4.2%, respectively. There was no significant survival difference among the treatment regimen used but the response to I line chemotherapy impacted survival. Female gender, performance status, and nonsquamous histology were significant predictors of OS (P = 0.0443, P = 0.0003, P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: There was an increase in the incidence of nonsmokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology in both smokers and nonsmokers. Treatment outcomes in advanced lung cancer were better compared to the past with the advent of newer platinum doublets and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The response to first-line chemotherapy significantly impacts outcomes in advanced NSCLC.
Burden of cervical cancer and role of screening in India
Authors: Bobdey Saurabh , Sathwara Jignasa , Jain Aanchal , Balasubramaniam Ganesh 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. In India, in spite of alarmingly high figures, there is no nationwide government-sponsored screening program. This study was conducted to assess the burden of cervical cancer in India and review the performance characteristics of available cervical cancer screening tools, so as to provide evidence-based recommendations for application of most practically suited screening test to be used in resource-poor field settings. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic database were searched from January 1990 to December 2015, using the keywords such as “cervical cancer”, “screening”, “early detection”, “cervical cytology” and “visual inspection”, and their corresponding MeSH terms in combination with Boolean operators “OR, AND.” Two authors independently selected studies that are published in English and conducted in India. A total of 11 studies were found to be relevant and eligible to be included in the present study. Results: In India, cervical cancer contributes to approximately 6–29% of all cancers in women. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer varies widely among registries; highest is 23.07/100,000 in Mizoram state and the lowest is 4.91/100,000 in Dibrugarh district. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), magnified VIA, visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), cytology (Pap smear), and human papillomavirus DNA were found to be 67.65% and 84.32%, 65.36% and 85.76%, 78.27% and 87.10%, 62.11% and 93.51%, and 77.81% and 91.54%, respectively. Conclusions: In developing countries because of lack of necessary infrastructure and quality control, high-quality cytology screening may not be feasible for wide-scale implementation. Hence, cervical cancer screening program based on visual screening test such as VIA/VILI should be adopted as an integral part of primary health-care setup in resource-poor countries like India.