bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectral albedo of sea ice and salt crusts on the tropical ocean of Snowball Earth: II. Optical modeling
Authors: Carns Regina C. , Light Bonnie , Warren Stephen G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring the Snowball Earth events of the Neoproterozoic, tropical regions of the ocean could have developed a precipitated salt lag deposit left behind by sublimating sea ice. The major salt would have been hydrohalite, NaCl•2H2O. The crystals in such a deposit can be small and highly scattering, resulting in an allwave albedo similar to that of snow. The snow‐free sea ice from which such a crust could develop has a lower albedo, around 0.5, so the development of a crust would substantially increase the albedo of tropical regions on Snowball Earth. Hydrohalite crystals are much less absorptive than ice in the near‐infrared part of the solar spectrum, so their presence at the surface would increase the overall albedo as well as altering its spectral distribution. In this paper, we use laboratory measurements of the spectral albedo of a hydrohalite lag deposit, in combination with a radiative transfer model, to infer the inherent optical properties of hydrohalite as functions of wavelength. Using this result, we model mixtures of hydrohalite and ice representing both artificially created surfaces in the laboratory and surfaces relevant to Snowball Earth. The model is tested against sequences of laboratory measurements taken during the formation and the dissolution of a lag deposit of hydrohalite. We present a parameterization for the broadband albedo of cold, sublimating sea ice as it forms and evolves a hydrohalite crust, for use in climate models of Snowball Earth.
Rigorous design of matched wireless power transfer links based on inductive coupling
Authors: Monti G. , Costanzo A. , Mastri F. , Mongiardo M. , Tarricone L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on a near‐field wireless power transmission link consisting of two magnetically coupled inductances. The case of a resonant coupling realized by adding appropriate compensating capacitances is solved. By using a network formalism, the link is modeled as a two‐port network and rigorously analyzed in the case where both the input impedance and the load are specified. In particular, it is demonstrated that there is just one optimum design of the network that allows maximizing both the efficiency and the active power on the load. Closed‐form design formulas for the optimum design are presented and validated by circuital simulations.
Remote Sensing Methodology for Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Stark Brandon J. , Chen Yang Quan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for remote sensing applications has increased significantly over the last decade. As more and more applications are developed and documented, the need for a guide for the development of a UAS remote sensing methodology has become apparent. A well‐developed methodology is critical for the success of the project as it defines with clarity the end goal, the implementation, and the data collection strategy and provides metrics for success and project completion. Failure to accurately develop a methodology can lead to significant development delays, spiraling costs, or complete project failure. In this chapter, a guide to developing UAS remote sensing methodology is presented, focusing specifically on common UAS applications and payload equipment.
Power Generation and Energy Management
Authors: Langelaan Jack W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis chapter discusses the generation of power and energy management (and harvesting) for unmanned aircraft. Implications for design as well as operation are discussed. Range and endurance for combustion‐powered aircraft are compared with battery/electric aircraft; some design bounds for photovoltaic powered aircraft are described; and fuel cell powered aircraft are briefly discussed. Operationally, computation of energy‐optimal flight speeds is described, and Monte Carlo simulations showing the utility of optimal flight speeds for small tactical unmanned aircraft are described. Finally, energy harvesting via autonomous soaring is presented.
System and Cyber Security: Requirements, Modeling, and Management
Authors: Hwang Inseok , Kwon Cheolhyeon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) become an increasingly integral part of numerous applications, ensuring the security of these systems against malicious cyber threats is an increasing concern. Seeking to address this problem, it is important to investigate the diverse interactions between the cyber and physical components inside the UAS. Then, feasible cyber threats and associated vulnerabilities can be analyzed with respect to different security properties. Although traditional security for computers and their networks is a key approach in the cyber layer of the UAS, this method alone is not sufficient for diagnosing overall risk as it does not account for the dynamical behavior of the UAS. Therefore, a more comprehensive security analysis framework is introduced from a systems perspective, extending beyond the cyber processes of the UAS to include the underlying physical behavior. This approach allows for a UAS that is not only programmatically secure but also whose physical operations are thoroughly inspected and guaranteed to be secure, thus complementing the existing UAS security architecture.
Enantioselective Synthesis of a Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) Receptor via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Amino Ketones
Authors: González‐Bobes Francisco , Hanson Ronald , Strotman Neil , Guo Zhiwei , Goswami Animesh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe concise synthesis of a pharmaceutical candidate is described. The chiral core of the molecule is assembled using an aza‐benzoin condensation and a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) as the key reactions. This enables superb control of the regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity of the synthesis. Both biocatalysts and transition metal catalysts are remarkably effective in the key asymmetric reduction step. Similar approaches could be considered in the synthesis of other 1,2‐amino alcohols where traditional approaches based on functionalization of alkenes, epoxides or aziridines may suffer from selectivity issues.magnified image
New Near‐Infrared‐Fluorescent Aza‐BODIPY Dyes with 1‐Methyl‐1 H‐Pyrrolyl Substituents at the 3,5‐Positions
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Dong , Guan Jian , Li Qian , Sun Changliang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNew near‐infrared‐fluorescent aza‐BODIPY dyes with 1‐methyl‐1 H‐pyrrolyl substituents at the 3,5‐positions were successfully prepared and the 1‐methyl‐1 H‐pyrrolyl groups had a noticeable effect on their photophysical properties. The absorption and emission maxima of aza‐BODIPY dye 4 (λabs=754 nm, λem=803 nm) that contained 1‐methyl‐1 H‐pyrrolyl groups were bathochromically shifted compared to those of typical aza‐BODIPY dye 1 (λabs=649 nm, λem=673 nm), which contained phenyl groups. The photophysical data were well‐supported and explained by MO calculations. Aza‐BODIPY dye 3 was stable and suited for labeling living cells for imaging assays in the near‐infrared region.
Inhaled hydrogen ameliorates endotoxin‐induced bowel dysfunction
Authors: Sakata Hiroyuki , Okamoto Ayana , Aoyama‐Ishikawa Michiko , Yamashita Hayato , Kohama Keisuke , Fujisaki Noritomo , Yamada Taihei , Kotani Joji , Tsukahara Kohei , Iida Atsuyoshi , Nakao Atsunori 
Published: June 2016

AimGastrointestinal dysmotility frequently occurs during sepsis and multiple organ failure, remaining a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Previous studies have shown that hydrogen, a new therapeutic gas, can improve various organ damage associated with sepsis. In this study, we investigated the protective efficacies of inhaled hydrogen against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ileus.MethodsSepsis was induced in rats and mice by a single i.p. injection of LPS at 15 mg/kg for mice and 5 mg/kg for rats. Four groups of rats and mice including sham/air, sham/hydrogen, LPS/air, and LPS/hydrogen were analyzed. Hydrogen (1.3%) was inhaled for 25 h beginning at 1 h prior to LPS treatment. Gastrointestinal transit was quantified and cytokine levels, as well as neutrophil extravasation, in the intestinal muscularis propria were determined.ResultsLipopolysaccharide challenge remarkably delayed gastrointestinal transit of non‐absorbable dextran, associated with increased leukocyte recruitment and upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA expressions in the muscularis propria. Hydrogen significantly prevented LPS‐induced bowel dysmotility and reduced leukocyte extravasation, as well as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro analysis of cytokine levels after LPS treatment of cultured macrophages showed an increase of interleukin‐10 by hydrogen regardless of the presence of nitric oxide.ConclusionsThis study showed the protective effects of hydrogen inhalation on LPS‐induced septic ileus through inhibition of inflammation in the muscularis propria. These inhibitory effects on the pro‐inflammatory response may be partially derived from anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 induction.
The meso Helix: Symmetry and Symmetry‐Breaking in Dynamic Oligourea Foldamers with Reversible Hydrogen‐Bond Polarity
Authors: Wechsel Romina , Raftery James , Cavagnat Dominique , Guichard Gilles , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOligoureas (up to n=6) of meso cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine were synthesized by chain extension with an enzymatically desymmetrized monomer 2. Despite being achiral, the meso oligomers adopt chiral canonical 2.5‐helical conformations, the equally populated enantiomeric screw‐sense conformers of which are in slow exchange on the NMR timescale, with a barrier to screw‐sense inversion of about 70 kJ mol−1. Screw‐sense inversion in these helical foldamers is coupled with cyclohexane ring‐flipping, and results in a reversal of the directionality of the hydrogen bonding in the helix. The termini of the meso oligomers are enantiotopic, and desymmetrized analogues of the oligoureas with differentially and enantioselectively protected termini display moderate screw‐sense preferences. A screw‐sense preference may furthermore be induced in the achiral, meso oligoureas by formation of a 1:1 hydrogen‐bonded complex with the carboxylate anion of Boc‐d‐proline. The meso oligoureas are the first examples of hydrogen‐bonded foldamers with reversible hydrogen‐bond directionality.
Quantitative Detection of Visible Light on Hybrid Nanostructures of Two‐dimension Porous Conjugated Polymers and Charge‐Transfer Complexes by Field Emission
Authors: Gao Juan , Li Jiaofu , Xue Zheng , Liu Huibiao , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have developed a new method of in situ vapor–solid phase reaction for fabricating a kind of novel hybrid nanostructures of two‐dimension (2D) porous conjugated polymers (PCPs) and charge‐transfer complexes (CuTCNQ‐TEPPM and CuTCNQF4‐TEPPM). These novel hybrid nanostructures have displayed excellent field emission properties and high stability. Due to the junction formed at the interface between the 2D porous conjugated polymers (PCPs) and charge‐transfer complexes, the device exhibits quantitative detection and typical visible‐light‐dependent field emission property.
Highly Contorted 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole‐Fused Aromatics for Solution‐Processed Field‐Effect Transistors: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Shi Xin , Liu Shuli , Liu Chunming , Hu Yueming , Shi Saihua , Fu Nina , Zhao Baomin , Wang Zhaohui , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA straightforward strategy has been used to construct 1,2,5‐thiadiazole‐fused 12‐ring π systems through twofold Stille coupling and subsequent cyclodehydrogenation by utilizing the building blocks of naphthodithiophene and 5,6‐substituted benzo[b]‐2,1,3‐thiadidazole. Molecules 1 a and 1 b, which exhibit highly contorted π surfaces, show a butterfly‐shaped conformation according to DFT calculations. Within the molecules, a plane‐to‐plane angle of 44.8° was found. UV/Vis absorption, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to study their physical properties. Strong intermolecular interactions of the nonplanar molecules were also observed by concentration‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy measurements and thin‐film XRD characterization. The low‐lying LUMO and high‐lying HOMO levels of the molecules are −3.73 and −5.48 eV, respectively, as estimated from CV measurements; this indicates their potential as semiconducting materials for solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETS). A field‐effect hole mobility of up to 0.035 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of 6.98 V, and a current on/off ratio of 8.65×105 in air for 1 a have been demonstrated with the top‐contact bottom‐gate field‐effect transistor device structures; this represents an important step toward the solution‐processed OFET application of contorted aromatics.
Impact of fetal alcohol exposure on body systems: A systematic review
Authors: Caputo Courtney , Wood Erin , Jabbour Leila 
Published: June 2016

Review of published manuscripts on fetal alcohol exposure on several body systems.MethodArticles in this review were found online using databases such as Medline, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. The following terms were searched: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome, prenatal alcohol exposure, and alcohol related birth defects.ResultsThirteen articles were gathered, five original investigations and eight reviews. This review identified several abnormalities in the body systems discussed and their associations to fetal alcohol syndrome.ConclusionsEvidence shows that the brain was the most severely impacted organ of the body systems discussed. However, prenatal alcohol exposure causes several abnormalities within the heart, kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and the endocrine systems. In addition, preventative measures need to be taken by mothers during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part C), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:174–180, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors influencing recurrence following initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Hallet J , Sa Cunha A , Adam R , Goéré D , Bachellier P , Azoulay D , Ayav A , Grégoire E , Navarro F , Pessaux P , Cosse C , Lignier D , Régimbeau J-M , Barbieux J , Lermite E , Hamy A , Mauvais F , Naasan I A , Cerda C , Compagnon P , Salloum C , Lim C , Laurent A , Rivoire M , Baulieux J , Darnis B , Mabrut J Y , Ducerf C , Kepenekian V , Perinel J , Adham M , Passot G , Glehen O , Le Treur Y P , Grégoire E , Hardwigsen J , Palen A , Delpero J R , Turrini O , Herrero A , Panaro F , Ayav A , Bresler L , Rauch P , Guillemin F , Marchal F , Benoist S , Brouquet A , Lo Dico R , Pocard M , Brouquier A , Penna C , Scatton O , Soubrane O , Fuks D , Gayet B , Piardi T , Sommacale D , Kianmanesh R , Lepere M , Oussoultzoglou E , Addeo P F , Ntourakis D , Mutter D , Marescaux J , Raoux L , Suc B , Muscari F , Castaing D , Cherqui D , Gelli M , Allard M A , Vibert E , Pittau G , Ciacio O , Elias D , Vittadello F 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundData on recurrence patterns following hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) and their impact on long-term outcomes are limited in the setting of modern multimodal management. This study sought to characterize the patterns of, factors associated with, and survival impact of recurrence following initial hepatectomy for CRLMs.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing initial hepatectomy for CRLMs at 39 institutions (2006–2013) was conducted. Kaplan–Meier methods were used for survival analyses. Overall survival landmark analysis at 12 months after hepatectomy was performed to compare groups based on recurrence. Multivariable Cox and regression models were used to determine factors associated with recurrence.ResultsAmong 2320 patients, tumours recurred in 47·4 per cent at median of 10·1 (range 0–88) months; 89·1 per cent of recurrences developed within 3 years. Recurrence was intrahepatic in 46·2 per cent, extrahepatic in 31·8 per cent and combined intra/extrahepatic in 22·0 per cent. The 5-year overall survival rate decreased from 74·3 (95 per cent c.i. 72·2 to 76·4) per cent without recurrence to 57·5 (55·0 to 60·0) per cent with recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3·08, 95 per cent c.i. 2·31 to 4·09). After adjusting for clinicopathological variables, prehepatectomy factors associated with increased risk of recurrence were node-positive primary tumour (HR 1·27, 1·09 to 1·49), more than three liver metastases (HR 1·27, 1·06 to 1·52) and largest metastasis greater than 4 cm (HR 1·19; 1·01 to 1·43).ConclusionRecurrence after CRLM resection remains common. Although overall survival is inferior with recurrence, excellent survival rates can still be achieved.
Over‐expression of stomatin causes syncytium formation in nonfusogenic JEG‐3 choriocarcinoma placental cells
Authors: Chen Tung‐Wei , Liu Hong‐Wen , Liou Yi‐Jia , Lee Jui‐Hao , Lin Chi‐Hung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlacental trophoblast differentiation involves the continuous fusion of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts. However, except for syncytin, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying trophoblast fusion. A previous study indicated that lipid rafts play an important role in HTLV‐1 syncytium formation. To identify proteins that may be involved in placental trophoblast differentiation, we examined stomatin, an important lipid‐raft protein that localizes to detergent‐resistant membrane domains. The syncytium and human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG; a marker of placental trophoblast differentiation) were visualized by immunofluorescence staining. We found that overexpression of stomatin in the nonfusogenic JEG‐3 cell line caused syncytium formation and increased the fusion index of cells. Treating these cells with N6,2′‐O‐dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate further increased cell fusion by stomatin. β‐hCG was found in a few JEG‐3 cells overexpressing stomatin at 48 h, and its levels increased dramatically at 72 h along with the formation of the multinuclear syncytium. RNA interference was used to decrease stomatin expression in BeWo cells, a fusogenic human choriocarcinoma cell line. After knockdown for 72 h, stomatin levels decreased by almost 95%. The fusion indexes of control and stomatin‐knockdown cells at 72 h were 9.4 and 6.5%, respectively. Our data indicated that stomatin could trigger syncytium formation and upregulate β‐hCG for cell fusion in nonfusogenic JEG‐3 cells. Downregulation of stomatin slightly inhibited the fusion index of fusogenic BeWo cells. Thus, these data suggested that stomatin plays an important role in trophoblast differentiation.
Visible‐Light‐Triggered Cross‐Linking of DNA Duplexes by Reversible [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Styrylpyrene
Authors: Doi Tetsuya , Kawai Hayato , Murayama Keiji , Kashida Hiromu , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReversible photo‐cross‐linking of a DNA duplex through the [2+2] photocycloaddition of styrylpyrene is reported. Styrylpyrene moieties on d‐threoninol linkers were introduced into complementary positions on DNA strands. Irradiation of the styrylpyrene pair in the duplex with visible light at λ=455 nm induced a [2+2] photocycloaddition between styrylpyrenes that cross‐linked the two strands of the duplex. Two diastereomers were formed after [2+2] photocycloaddition as a result of rotation of the styrylpyrene residues. Also, the cycloreversion reaction was induced by UV light at λ=340 nm, which reversibly yielded the uncross‐linked strands.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Investigation on Na3AlF6 Molten Salt.
Authors: Lv Xiaojun , Xu Zhenming , Li Jie , Chen Jiangan , Liu Qingsheng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe partial radial distribution function, coordination numbers, bond angles, F atoms type, self‐diffusion coefficient, viscosity, and ionic conduction of molten Na3AlF6 are investigated by first‐principles molecular dynamics simulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Studies of Binary Compounds Ta/Ga — A System with Experimental and Crystallographic Peculiarities.
Authors: Koffi Agbelenko , Ade Martin , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTaxGay single crystals are obtained by slow cooling from 1:30 or 1:80 atomic mixtures of Ta and Ga, resp., which are handled under various heating schedules.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Chemical Pressure on the Structure and Properties of A2CrOsO6 (A: Sr, Ca) Ferrimagnetic Double Perovskite.
Authors: Morrow Ryan , Soliz Jennifer R. , Hauser Adam J. , Gallagher James C. , Susner Michael A. , Sumption Michael D. , Aczel Adam A. , Yan Jiaqiang , Yang Fengyuan , Woodward Patrick M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ordered double perovskites Sr2CrOsO6 (I) and Ca2CrOsO6 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of SrO or CaO, CrO3, and Os (Al tube in silica ampoule with PbO2 as O2 source, 950 °C (II)/1000 °C (I), 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structural Variants and Characterization of AInM′S4 (A: Alkali Metals, Tl; M′: Ge, Sn) Compounds; Facile Ion‐Exchange Reactions of Layered NaInSnS4 and KInSnS4 Compounds.
Authors: Yohannan Jinu P. , Vidyasagar Kanamaluru 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and 119Sn Moessbauer measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Titanium Bismuthide Oxide, Ti8BiO7.
Authors: Amano Shinsaku , Yamane Hisanori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSilver metallic luster columnar single crystals of the new title compound are obtained in a Bi flux by heating a 3:1 molar mixture of Ti and Bi2O3 (Ta boats in stainless steel tube, 900 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: LiBi3S5 — A Lithium Bismuth Sulfide with Strong Cation Disorder.
Authors: Nakhal Suliman , Wiedemann Dennis , Stanje Bernhard , Dolotko Oleksandr , Wilkening Martin , Lerch Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPhase‐pure LiBi3S5 powder is prepared by solid state reaction of equimolar amounts of LiBiS2 and Bi2S3 in H2S (Al2O3 crucible, 600 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum‐ and Gallium‐Containing Open‐Dawson Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Matsunaga Satoshi , Inoue Yusuke , Otaki Takuya , Osada Hironori , Nomiya Kenji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractK10 [{Al4 (μ‐OH)6}{α,α‐Si2W18 O66}]·28.5H2O (I) and K10 [{Ga4(μ‐OH)6} (α,α‐Si2W18O66)] ·25H2O (II) are prepared in 14 and 26% yield, resp., by the reaction of a 1:2 aqueous molar mixture of the trilacunary Keggin compounds Na10[A‐α‐SiW9O34] or K10[A‐α‐SiW9O34] with Al(NO3)3 or Ga(NO3)3, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Biquinolyl Diphosphine Ligand and Its Applications in Inpalladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xie Bin , Chen Guo‐Shu , Qiu Liqin , Chen Yi‐Xin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title catalyst is successfully applied in alkylation and amination reactions of substrate (I) to form the corresponding products with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Efficient Bifunctional Calixarene Thiourea Organocatalysts: Synthesis and Application in the Direct Enantioselective Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Genc Hayriye Nevin , Sirit Abdulkadir 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA novel bifunctional calixarene thiourea CLXA is prepared and successfully applied as chiral catalyst for enantioselective aldol reactions of aryl aldehydes with acetone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐3‐trifluoromethylcyclopropenes by Transition‐Metal‐Free Reaction of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroacetophenone Tosylhydrazones with Alkynes: The Effect of the Trifluoromethyl Group.
Authors: Barroso Raquel , Jimenez Azucena , Carmen Perez‐Aguilar M. , Cabal Maria‐Paz , Valdes Carlos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title synthesis is promoted by a base and applies to both terminal and internal alkynes.