bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNTAGGED MUTATION IN RICE GAL4/VP16 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR FACILITATED-ENHANCER TRAP LINES
Authors: Koerniati Sri 
Published: August 2016

An enhancer trap system is an insertional mutagenesis based upon gene expression, instead of gene knock-out, so its insertion in genome is expected not linked to any dramatic changes in plant phenotypes. Gene knock-out, leading to lossof- function (LoF) mutation, is a dominant approach for rice functional genomic studies. The objective of this study was to find out whether Transcriptional Activator-Facilitated Enhancer Trap (TAFET) T-DNA insertion inducing mutant phenotypes in rice TAFET population. Materials used in this experiment were T1 generation of 270 rice TAFET lines. Eight plants of each were grown in the greenhouse and observed for any mutant phenotypes. Phenotypic, histochemical, Southern<br />blot analyses were carried out to define a mutant of pSKC66.1- 8e. Result showed that about 10% of the 270 lines produced chlorophyll-deficient leaves, ranged from yellowish green (viridis), white stripe green zebra-like stripe) to completely white (albino). Albino plants died after two weeks, whilst white stripe or viridis mutants became normal in the next generation<br />(T2). Another mutant was pSKC66.1-8e line which had floral dramatic phenotype change with various spikelet shapes and number of organs, and had a single twisted culm. The flower of mutant also had gus gene expression. Plants with wild type did not express gus gene and had six or more straight culms. Molecular, histochemical and phenotypic analyses of this particular line for three generations indicated that mutant phenotype was not due to the T-DNA insertion. Since there was approved that Tos17 is activated during tissue culture and induced mutant phenotype, this line might relate to Tos17 insertion, but it needs further investigation to gain such conclusion.
POTENTIAL USE OF AN EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME OF a-AMYLASE FROM INDIGENOUS INDONESIAN MESOPHILIC BACTERIA
Authors: Lestari Puji , Richana Nur , Masriani Rina 
Published: August 2016

Amylase enzyme has a great significance for industrial usages in Indonesia. However, this enzyme is still imported. The use of bacteria in biotechnological process of industrial products such as enzyme production has stimulated the exploration of extracellular amylase producing bacteria. This study aimed to identify and analyze the potential use of amylolytic bacterial enzymes for hydrolyzing cassava starch. Two bacterial isolates, i.e. MII-10 and DKW-8 originated from Indonesia soil were identified based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical properties according to the standard protocol. The isolates were then cultivated on fermentation medium and their growth pattern and enzymatic assays were observed. The acetone-precipitated crude enzyme harvested based on predetermined cultivation time was used for enzymatic hydrolysis product characterization on cassava starch using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the mesophilic<br />bacteria isolates (MII-10 and DKW-8) were belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. The maximum bacterial cell growth and enzyme activity were reached at 48 hours after incubation. The MII-10 isolate was found more stable than DKW-8 in producing amylase enzyme. Amylase produced by the MII-10 and DKW- 8 isolates was identified to be an endo-a-amylase as confirmed by oligosaccharides and dextrin of the random hydrolysis<br />products. Relatively high dextrose equivalence (DE) value of a-amylase of MII-10 (DE of 9.96) suggests that the enzyme is prospective for saccharification of starchy material in glucose syrup industry.<br /><br />
SPECIES AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF RHIZOBACTERIA OF RICE PLANT IN THE COASTAL SOILS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Sudiana I Made , Mubarik N.R. , Suwanto A. 
Published: August 2016

Rhizobacteria are important components of soil and directly or indirectly influence the soils quality and plant growth for maintaining adequate plant nutrition and reducing the negative environmental effects of fertilizers. Applying high dose of chemical fertilizers in most of rice fields in the coastal areas could reduce the quality of the soil in the long time. There are few studies addressed to verify the species and functional diversity of cultivable rhizobacteria associated with rice plant in the coastal soils. The objective of the study was to verify the species and functional diversity of rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal soils of two rice production areas of Subang and Indramayu, West Java. Special focus was given to verify phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, IAA and cellulase production of the selected 78 strains of rice rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal paddy field, as well as taxonomical analyses based on 16S rRNA. The results showed that among 78 bacterial isolates from the coastal paddy field, mostly were belonging to the Firmicutes, most of them affiliated with genera Bacillus, 75 strains produced IAA, 32 strains fixed nitrogen, 37 strains solubilized phosphate and 33 strains produced cellulase. Several strains of the rhizobacteria were capable of producing plant growth promoting substances (PGPR), alone or in combination, such as IAA, fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, and producing cellulase. Taking all of these diverse PGPR characteristics into account, it is clear that the 78 identified isolates have great potential for improving saline soils of the coastal paddy fields in Indonesia.
Own source revenues of Kosovo municipalities and their impact on effective services
Authors: Mustafa MSc. Bashkim , Ahmeti Dr.Sc. Skender , Fejza Mr.Sc. Ejup 
Published: August 2016

Promotion of fair, efficient and not corrupted management of public finances from local government is crucial for functional democracy and it includes number of issues, institutions and methods.Fiscal transparency enables citizens to act as consumers by asking for high level of values toward the money they pay for taxes. Transparent operations also makes easier job to local government on offering these values. The New Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, which was en-forced on June 15 2008, has a special chapter regarding the local gover-nance where is precisely determined basic principles and objectives of local governance in Kosovo. Constitution declares that” basic unit of lo-cal governance in the Republic of Kosovo is municipality. Municipalities has a large scale of local governance and they encourage and ensure acti-ve participation of all citizens on the decision making process of munici-pal authorities (article 124.1). The Constitution in 11 paragraphs gua-rantee the right of citizens on local governance, the request that establi-shment, competences and municipal borders to be regulated by the law, the right of the municipality to get financing from central government, the rights of municipality on cooperation between municipalities and cross-border cooperation, administrative borders of review of local activi-ties by the central government and also the obligations that municipa-lities has toward respecting the Constitution and the Law.Actual financial legislation for local government has extended the base for self municipal income which enables municipalities to increase their budgets.The aim of this study is to analyze the self income of Kosovo munici-palities and to show the impact of self income on service offering from municipal level to citizens
Lifelong learning and the need of designing and implementing an educational subsystem in Macedonian companies
Authors: Mitreva Dr.Sc. Elizabeta 
Published: August 2016

The education of the employees in each instance of company comes wiith the purpose to gain competences and experience in order to realize every business process in accordance with the requests of the products/ services, legal obligation and competitiveness criteria, as well as with the appointing of the employees requests, and all that with the intention to achieve quality where it is necessary to involve everyone in their own field.In this paper the following inputs are being given in order to get a clear picture if Macedonian companies are keen on to learning and stimulating the individual and collective learning as to improve the results in general.According to the given results in the research, it is stated that Macedonian companies do not care about the quality, insufficiently pay attention to the continuous education, make small investments in the innovations and over all, the quality system is built in a very small number of companies.In this paper the following model for a successful designing and implementing of the educational system as a subsystem of the house of quality is suggested. This methodology is integral and universal meaning it is applicable to all companies and institutions.Without a given training about TQM (Total Quality Management) philosophy and a continued education provided firstly to the managers and further on to all the employees, the TQM strategy could not be implemented as well as the benefits that come with the quality system.All the above is imposing a stronger systematic effort where the bases lay in: strong leadership (new style of the top management, realistically grounded market vision, politics and strategy and systematic orientation and business moral that will gain back the confidence between the management and the employees), staff participation (efficiency and cooperativeness in the teamwork that will not stifle the creativity and the individualism).
The Business Environment and Problems of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kosovo
Authors: Hashani MSc. Muhamet , Badivuku-Pantina Dr.Sc. Myrvete 
Published: August 2016

A good business environment means a catalyst for small and medium enterprises, a good business environment facilitates development and sustainability of small and medium enterprises. The development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) is very important to the economic development of a country, and intentionally, MSMEs are considered to be amongst the most efficient instruments for economies in transition, because of their production of sustainable economic growth, employment and poverty reduction.Small and medium enterprises are a generator of new products and technologies; they are are a source of new ideas and advanced strategies of management. Development and sustainability of small and medium enterprises depends on the business environment, which implies a series of social, legal, economic, political or institutional conditions, which are uncontrollable in nature, and affect the organizations’ functions.This study addresses the baseline documents which were taken into consideration by the Government of the Republic of Kosovo in developing economic policies, thereby analysing their advantages and disadvantages. By analysing reports, statistics on MSMEs and other documents, and further complementing the study by a research section (business survey), this paper aims at identifying the key problems faced by the MSMEs in Kosovo, and provide adequate recommendations which may be of service in resolving such problems, but also resulting into a better business environment, and economic development in general.
Reforming of the Judicial System of Kosovo based on the Law no. 03/L-199 on Courts and its challenges
Authors: Hajdari Dr.Sc. Azem , Ibrahimi MSc. Shpresa , Hajdari MSc. Albulena 
Published: August 2016

Law no. 03/L-199 on Courts1 represents a law of significant importance which regulates the organisation, functioning and jurisdiction of courts of the Republic of Kosovo. This law has made numerous reforms in the judicial system of the country. It has set the bases of a modern and sustainable judicial system. In fact the Law on Courts in addition to having changed the judiciary of Kosovo in the aspect of organisation, it has opened the paths in the aspect of ensuring an efficient functioning thereof. Moreover, this law has repealed the application of the Law of former SAP of Kosovo on Regular Courts which in some aspects did not correspond to the trends of contemporary developments in this field. Law on Courts in its solutions embeds the bases of an independent and impartial justice, further on being multiethnic, non-discriminatory, efficient and in principle having an advanced approach of the opportunity for the public opinion to follow the judicial activities. Consequently, within this work, the background of the development of judicial system in Kosovo shall be discussed, some aspects of its reforming and challenges currently the judicial system of the country faces.In the course of preparation of this work, legal-historical method has been applied, the dogmatic method too, method of comparison and the method of analysis and synthesis. Through the legal-historical method, the manner of organisation and activity of the judicial system in Kosovo has been reflected covering the time of Turkish rule up to 2013 basing it on the laws and the Albanian customary law.The dogmatic method has helped on reflecting the manner of organisation and activity of the judicial system in Kosovo, viewing it in the context of regulating these matters through the Law on Courts presently applicable.The comparative method has reflected the features of the new judicial system in Kosovo and a comparison has been undertaken to the characteristics of earlier judicial system. The method of analysis and synthesis has been applied to elaborate in detail specific articles of the Law on Courts, they were commented and in some cases concrete proposals have been given for solution, considered as advanced.
Rational Dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia - Way Toward Reconciliation
Authors: Dalipi Dr.Sc. Samet , Demiri MSc. Nehat 
Published: August 2016

Within a decade, Kosovo has compromised twice: accepting the process of decentralization in order to achieve independence and international recognition, through the President Martti Ahtisaari’s Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement (2 February 2007), and finally, by approving to offer autonomy for Kosovo Serbs for the sovereignty, but still within the limits of the Ahtisaari Plan.Coincidentally, the same Serbian political parties which had fought three wars, resulting in dissolution of the state (Former Yugoslavia) at that time (the Socialist Party and the Serbian Radical Party), now are in power in the Republic of Serbia, and have the possibility to finally solve the Kosovo case, and to open the perspective for this part, Europe’s black hole, to be engaged in global integration. Statements by senior Serbian politicians are positively shifting, compared to the radicalization of the relations between Albanians and Serbs three decades ago and it is believed that the developments will evolve towards rational choice and acceptance by the parties. Being under pressure by difficult socio-economic situation and need for integration processes, both sides undertake risky and unpopular steps by signing unclear political and verbal agreements on normalization of relations, which may produce difficult solving externalities in the future. The risk lies in the possibility of further damaging the Kosovo’s “piece of the cake”, after every refusal step by the Serbian side, which will damage the interest of Kosovo side according to the “zero sum” game. Analyses of the dialogue process between Kosovo and Serbia reflect the mixed benefits to the parties, resulting in not very soon European integration, and with hope on difficult but necessary reconciliation between Albanians and Serbs in the region. The broken, after the war established, status quo is better than entering into a protracted conflict in the middle of Europe.
Change Management and its Influence in the Business Environment
Authors: Ramosaj Dr.Sc. Berim , Karaxha M.Sc. Halit , Karaxha MSc. Hidajet 
Published: August 2016

The changes that are happening in businesses dictate the changes in all kinds of needed resources to develop the organization. The environment in which the organizations operate is in constant change and becomes more and more unpredictable. Managing these changes is a challenge that all enterprises face. The rapid changes that are happening in business are increasing the need to manage these changes. Enterprises have to develop and use different kinds of management models so that they can grow their performance in order to ensure a competitive position in the market. The changes in enterprises sometimes are not accepted by the organization employees, and seem to have negative effects towards them (exemption from work, reduction of working hours, reduction of income). Changes have negative and positive effects. Successful and rational managers can achieve having successful changes and minimizing the negative effects that come due to changes. Changes are vital for organizations so that they can replace the old plans and models with new and successful ones. In this paper we talk about the role and importance of managing the changes, the types of changes, models of changes, the resistance against changes and also the obtained results of the paper are introduced. Literature was used to support the research in the study field, and based on that to explain the role of changes in the business environment. There are quantitative methods and an inductive analysis used in this paper.
Who Are the Young People Choosing Web-based Mental Health Support? Findings From the Implementation of Australia's National Web-based Youth Mental Health Service, eheadspace
Authors: Rickwood Debra , Webb Marianne , Kennedy Vanessa , Telford Nic 
Published: August 2016

Background
The adolescent and early adult years are periods of peak prevalence and incidence for most mental disorders. Despite the rapid expansion of Web-based mental health care, and increasing evidence of its effectiveness, there is little research investigating the characteristics of young people who access Web-based mental health care. headspace, Australia’s national youth mental health foundation, is ideally placed to explore differences between young people who seek Web-based mental health care and in-person mental health care as it offers both service modes for young people, and collects corresponding data from each service type.

Objective
The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive profile of young people seeking Web-based mental health care through eheadspace (the headspace Web-based counseling platform), and to compare this with the profile of those accessing help in-person through a headspace center.

Methods
Demographic and clinical presentation data were collected from all eheadspace clients aged 12 to 25 years (the headspace target age range) who received their first counseling session between November 1, 2014 and April 30, 2015 via online chat or email (n=3414). These Web-based clients were compared with all headspace clients aged 12 to 25 who received their first center-based counseling service between October 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015 (n=20,015).

Results
More eheadspace than headspace center clients were female (78.1% compared with 59.1%), and they tended to be older. A higher percentage of eheadspace clients presented with high or very high levels of psychological distress (86.6% compared with 73.2%), but they were at an earlier stage of illness on other indicators of clinical presentation compared with center clients.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that eheadspace is reaching a unique client group who may not otherwise seek help or who might wait longer before seeking help if in-person mental health support was their only option. Web-based support can lead young people to seek help at an earlier stage of illness and appears to be an important component in a stepped continuum of mental health care.
Revisitando o Semiárido: Cenários de Vidas e de Sol
Authors: Aguiar José Otávio , Buriti Catarina De Oliveira 
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa relação entre natureza e cultura na literatura regional do Nordeste, através da leitura da obra Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos. Escrito em 1938, este livro é considerado paradigmático para que se pesquise a especificidade do pensamento do escritor alagoano. Considerou-se, para tanto, a historicidade de sua escrita, bem como as formas pelas quais se configuravam, em sua literatura, as inter-relações históricas entre os homens e o Semi-árido brasileiro durante os anos 1930. Observa-se que, embora inseridos em um habitat considerado, por vezes, “hostil” e “adverso”, as personagens da trama criavam astúcias de sobrevivência biológica e cultural em interação com esse espaço, de modo que os fatores que os levavam a migrar do sertão nos períodos de seca não eram encarados como conseqüências desse fenômeno natural em sentido estrito, mas, decorrências da forma como tradicionais oligarquias político-econômicas da região utilizaram-se desse momento de vulnerabilidade para intensificar as relações de mando e exploração no ambiente de sertão.
Chromosomal rearrangements in holocentric organisms lead to reproductive isolation by hybrid dysfunction: The correlation between karyotype rearrangements and germination rates in sedges
Authors: Escudero Marcial , Hahn Marlene , Brown Bethany H. , Lueders Kate , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Understanding the drivers of speciation is a central task of evolutionary biology. Chromosomal rearrangements are known to play an important role in species diversification, but the role of rearrangements of holocentric chromosomes—chromosomes without localized centromeres—is poorly understood.METHODS:We made numerous artificial crosses between Carex scoparia individuals of different diploid chromosome numbers and, for comparison, between individuals of the same chromosome number. We studied chromosome pairing and chromosomal rearrangements in the F1 individuals using light microscopy. We then estimated germination rates as a function of geographic distance, genetic distance, chromosome number differences in parents, and pairing irregularities in F1 individuals, using generalized least squares to fit alternative regression models.KEY RESULTS:The most informative predictors of germination rates in the F1 generation are chromosome number differences and minimum number of chromosome pairing irregularities in the F1 individuals. Genetic and geographic distances between parents are not significant predictors.CONCLUSIONS:Holocentric chromosomal rearrangements play an important role in postzygotic reproductive isolation in Carex through F1 hybrid inviability and sterility. Hybrid dysfunction seems to be a suitable model for chromosomal speciation when there are several chromosomal rearrangements between parents. However, we have not tested the hypothesis that genome rearrangements may also play an important role in suppressing recombination between cytogenetically divergent populations.
FAR-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) FROM FORTIS
Authors: McCandliss Stephan R. , Feldman Paul D. , Weaver Harold , Fleming Brian , Redwine Keith , Li Mary J. , Kutyrev Alexander , Moseley S. Harvey 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We have used the unique far-UV imaging capability offered by a sounding-rocket-borne instrument to acquire observations of C/2012 S1 (ISON) when its angular separation with respect to the Sun was 26.°3 on 2013 November 20.49. At the time of observation, the comet’s heliocentric distance and velocity relative to the Sun were r

h
= 0.43 au and

= −62.7 km s−1. Images dominated by C i λ1657 and H i λ1216 were acquired over a 106 × 106 km2 region. The water production rate implied by the Lyα observations is constrained to be

8 × 1029 s−1 while the neutral carbon production rate was

4 ×1028 s−1. The radial profile of C i was consistent with it being a dissociation product of a parent molecule with a lifetime τ ∼ 5 × 104 s, favoring a parent other than CO. We constrain the Q
CO production rate to

1028 s−1 with 1σ errors derived from photon statistics. The upper limit on the Q
CO/

is ≲6%.