bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gabapentin for Uremic Pruritus in Hemodialysis Patients: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Lau Torey , Leung Sharon , Lau Wynnie 
Published: March 2016

Purpose of the review: Uremic pruritus (UP) is a common discomfort of dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease. Some studies suggest a neuropathic cause of UP. Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, has shown promising results as an emerging drug to treat this condition. Objective: An updated qualitative systematic review was conducted to evaluate its efficacy and safety in hemodialysis patients. Source of information: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov , and Google Scholar through June 2015 were used as sources of information. Patients: Patients are adult hemodialysis patients receiving gabapentin for UP. Methods: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, observational studies, open-label studies, and retrospective studies were included. Case series and case reports were excluded. All descriptions and data were extracted independently by two authors. Results: Seven studies evaluating gabapentin with a total of 179 patients were included. Most patients were refractory to antihistamines and topical emollients. Statistically significant favorable outcomes on pruritus scores were found in six studies. Five studies evaluated antipruritic efficacy based on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), and improvements in the range of an absolute decrease of 5.7 to 9.4 points from baseline were achieved on average by 3–8 weeks of treatment. Side effects are common with six studies reporting at least 26 incidences of side effects such as somnolence, dizziness, and fatigue. A total of four patients reportedly discontinued gabapentin due to intolerability. Limitations: Our review is limited by the inclusion of generally small, lower quality studies that lacked comparator groups or were open-label studies. Since the first two randomized controlled trials were published, no further high-quality studies have been conducted. Implications: Our review supports a trial of gabapentin for the management of UP in hemodialysis patients refractory to antihistamines and/or emollients. The results should be interpreted cautiously due to the lower quality of included studies. We recommend a starting dose of 100 mg orally after hemodialysis to minimize adverse events in this population.
Epidemiologic characteristics of death by burn injury from 2000 to 2009 in Colombia, South America: a population-based study
Authors: Navarrete Norberto , Rodriguez Nelcy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Burns are one of the most severe traumas that an individual can suffer. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that injuries related to burns are a global public health problem mainly in low- and middle-income countries. The first step towards reducing any preventable injury is based on accurate information. In Colombia, the basic epidemiological characteristics of burn injuries are unknown. The objectives were establishing the causes, high-risk populations, mortality rate, and tendencies of burn deaths.

Methods
Observational, analytical, population-based study based on official death certificate occurred between 2000 and 2009. All codes of the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10) related to burns were included. The mortality rates were standardized using the WHO world average age weights 2000–2025. To determine the tendency, an average annual percent change (AACP) was calculated.

Results
A total of 5448 deaths due to burns were identified; 78.4 % were men. The crude and adjusted burn mortality rate was 1.270 and 1.302 per 100,000, respectively. The AACP was −5.25 %. Electrical injury caused the greatest number of deaths (49.5 %), followed by fire and lightning injuries. A total of 1197 (22.1 %) children were under 15 years old. The causes of deaths were different among age groups. 59.4 % deaths occurred outside health institutions.

Conclusions
This study is a first step in identifying the main causes of death and groups with higher mortality rates. Electricity is the main cause of deaths due to burn injury. Further research is required in order to generate awareness among government and community for reducing the number of injuries and burn deaths in our country.
Influence of baseline severity on antidepressant efficacy for anxiety disorders: Meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: de Vries Ymkje Anna , de Jonge Peter , van den Heuvel Edwin , Turner Erick H. , Roest Annelieke M. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundAntidepressants are established first-line treatments for anxiety disorders, but it is not clear whether they are equally effective across the severity range.AimsTo examine the influence of baseline severity of anxiety on antidepressant efficacy for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder.MethodFifty-six trials of second-generation antidepressants for the short-term treatment of an anxiety disorder were included. Baseline and change scores were extracted for placebo and treatment groups in each trial. Mixed effects meta-regression was used to investigate the effects of treatment group, baseline severity and their interaction.ResultsIncreased baseline severity did not predict greater improvement in drug groups compared with placebo groups. Standardised regression coefficients of the interaction term between baseline severity and treatment group were 0.04 (95% CI –0.13 to 0.20, P = 0.65) for GAD, –0.06 (95% CI –0.20 to 0.09, P = 0.43) for SAD, 0.04 (95% CI –0.07 to 0.16, P = 0.46) for OCD, 0.16 (95% CI –0.22 to 0.53, P = 0.37) for PTSD and 0.002 (95% CI –0.10 to 0.10, P = 0.96) for panic disorder. For OCD, baseline severity did predict improvement in both placebo and drug groups equally (β = 0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.17, P = 0.001).ConclusionsNo relationship between baseline severity and drug–placebo difference was found for anxiety disorders. These results suggest that if the efficacy of antidepressants is considered clinically relevant, they may be prescribed to patients with anxiety regardless of symptom severity.
Epiboly generates the epidermal basal monolayer and spreads the nascent mammalian skin to enclose the embryonic body
Authors: Panousopoulou Eleni , Hobbs Carl , Mason Ivor , Green Jeremy B. A. , Formstone Caroline J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Epiboly is a morphogenetic process that is employed in the surface ectoderm of anamniotes during gastrulation to cover the entire embryo. We propose here that mammals also utilise this process to expand the epidermis and enclose the body cavity and spinal cord with a protective surface covering. Our data supports a model whereby epidermal spreading is driven by the primary establishment of the epidermal basal progenitor monolayer through radial cell intercalation of a multi-layered epithelium towards the basal lamina. By using a suspension organotypic culture strategy, we find that this process is fibronectin-dependent and autonomous to the skin. The radial cell rearrangements that drive epidermal spreading also require ROCK activity but are driven by cell protrusions and not myosin II contractility. Epidermal progenitor monolayer formation and epidermal spreading are delayed in Crash mice, which possess a dominant mutation in Celsr1, an orthologue of the core planar cell polarity (PCP) Drosophila protein Flamingo (also known as Stan). We observe a failure of ventral enclosure in Crash mutants suggesting that defective epidermal spreading might underlie some ventral wall birth defects.
Ca2+ is a key factor in α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Angelova Plamena R. , Ludtmann Marthe H. R. , Horrocks Mathew H. , Negoda Alexander , Cremades Nunilo , Klenerman David , Dobson Christopher M. , Wood Nicholas W. , Pavlov Evgeny V. , Gandhi Sonia , Abramov Andrey Y. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Aggregation of α-synuclein leads to the formation of oligomeric intermediates that can interact with membranes to form pores. However, it is unknown how this leads to cell toxicity in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the species-specific effects of α-synuclein on Ca2+ signalling in primary neurons and astrocytes using live neuronal imaging and electrophysiology on artificial membranes. We demonstrate that α-synuclein induces an increase in basal intracellular Ca2+ in its unfolded monomeric state as well as in its oligomeric state. Electrophysiology of artificial membranes demonstrated that α-synuclein monomers induce irregular ionic currents, whereas α-synuclein oligomers induce rare discrete channel formation events. Despite the ability of monomeric α-synuclein to affect Ca2+ signalling, it is only the oligomeric form of α-synuclein that induces cell death. Oligomer-induced cell death was abolished by the exclusion of extracellular Ca2+, which prevented the α-synuclein-induced Ca2+ dysregulation. The findings of this study confirm that α-synuclein interacts with membranes to affect Ca2+ signalling in a structure-specific manner and the oligomeric β-sheet-rich α-synuclein species ultimately leads to Ca2+ dysregulation and Ca2+-dependent cell death.
Reviews
Authors: Zangl Veronika , Mercieca Simon 
Published: March 2016

The Ashgate Research Companion to Memory Studies, Siobhan Kattago (ed.) (2015) Burlington, VT and Farnham: Ashgate, 274 pp., ISBN: 9781409453925, h/bk, £90.00
Memories of Belonging: Descendants of Italian Migrants to The United States. 1884–Present (Studies in Global
Social History, Volume 17; Studies in Global Migration History, Volume 5), Christa Wirth (2015) Leiden: BRILL, 406 pp., ISBN: 9789004284562 , h/bk, €129.00
We need more imposters!
Authors: Chrystall Andrew 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Whose voice(s) can be heard today let alone confront technopoly? How can or should the sensitive, balanced, integral and perceptually equipped individual (aka the would-be critic and/or media activist) contend with the stresses resulting from the psychological effects of alienation from an irrational, decaying and vicious society and simultaneous impulse to merge with the media? This retrospective offers an exploration of how and why the early-McLuhan grappled with these concerns immediately prior to undertaking his public campaign to ‘kick (media) in the guts’. This article seeks to show that self-management – the role and personae McLuhan adopted, the voice(s) with which he spoke, his survival strategies in the face of the maelstrom, and how he positioned himself in relation to his audiences – was an integral feature of his methodology, and how McLuhan’s preparation for his public campaign, conducted in and through an extensive study of other artists, may serve as a viable model of necessary preparation for intelligent action.
Surviving information overload: A plea for balance
Authors: Chumakova Varvara 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Human nature and language provide limits for the processing of information, but at the same time people are flexible and try to adapt to their changing media environments. The inability to adapt, however, has specific social and psychological consequences, and here I discuss the main characteristics of reaction to the contemporary information overload. The practices that surround an ‘escape from freedom’ are common, and people have many media practices that could be interpreted as attempts to escape the problem of information overload, even if these are not ultimate solutions. To understand the problem, however, is the first step towards survival, and the key point is that information overload violates the balance between nature and technology and between ‘life’ and ‘death’. Survival will therefore involve retrieving a sense of balance.
Pengembangan Komoditas Unggulan Tanaman Pangan di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Akbar A , Barus Baba , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo 
Published: March 2016

Crop farming sector is an important sector in Bone, but it’s productivity is still fluctuating. Currently commodities occur in the area, that may contribute to agriculture development, and they may distribute in unappropriate physical suitability and lack support of infrastructure. This study aims to (1) Identify the superior crop commodities in Bone, (2) Identify availability of agricultural infrastructure and facilities, (3) Evaluate land suitability for food crops in Bone, (4) Develop guidelines for location and strategies for development of superior commodity crops in Bone. The analytical method used is the LQ analysis, MCDM-TOPSIS, schallogram, land suitability, and A'WOT. Results showed that paddy, corn and soybeans are superior commodities. Suitable land for development are 20,7% for rice, 16,0% for corn and 0,9% for soybean. Location for development commodity is directed in district Libureng, Awangpone, Tellusiattinge, Ponre, Kahu, Lamuru, Cina, Salomekko, Ajangale, Tonra, Bontocani, Cenrana, Kajuara, Amali, Mare, Tellulimpoe dan Patimpeng. Strategies development, namely: (a) Optimizing and utilizing the potential of the area/natural resources, human resources and government policies for the development of food crops selected; (b) Increasing partnerships between stakeholders; (c) Enhancing the ability of research institutions to develop new technologies, and (d) Utilizing a strategic position region business import export trade of agricultural products.
Using Logic to Model Interests in Ethnic Conflicts: The Case of the Hungarian Minority in Slovakia and Slovenia
Authors: Lempp Frieder , Marácz László 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article investigates the situation of Hungarian ethno-linguistic minorities in Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. It compares the extent to which the two minority groups’ interests are satisfied and provides an explanation for differences between their de facto statuses. The authors use a logic-based methodology to extract the key parties, issues, and interests. Drawing on the analysis, the structure of each case (i.e. the dependencies between the parties’ interests) is displayed as a simple graph. Differences in the de facto status of the two groups can thus be explained by differences in the respective conflict structure. The authors argue that - as evidenced by the case of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia - a number of unresolved ethnolinguistic minority issues in Central Europe have a high conflict potential and may be a threat for security in the region and the European Union.
Illegal Immigration and Fight against Illegal Migration in Member States of the European Union
Authors: Sheryazdanova Kamilla 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the modern world, processes of migration are expected to contribute to economic development, the interchange of progressive technologies and knowledge as well as the blending of cultures. Solving the problems linked to migration processes is an important task to be accomplished by various state policies of European Union member countries. Both internal and external reasons explain why such policies are treated with much consideration nowadays. The present paper describes the development of European Union regulations on immigration and asylum, while tackling certain - primarily legal - aspects of immigration policies, too. Its conclusion based on the discussion of processes and legal provisions relates to the possible future of Europe.
Mineralization of wood by calcium carbonate insertion for improved flame retardancy
Authors: Merk Vivian , Chanana Munish , Gaan Sabyasachi , Burgert Ingo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Wood can be considered as a highly porous, three-dimensional organic scaffold. It can be mineralized to create hierarchically structured organic-inorganic hybrid materials with novel properties. In the present paper, the precipitation of CaCO3 mineral in Norway spruce and European beech wood has been studied by alternating impregnation with aqueous and alcoholic electrolyte solutions. Microstructural imaging by SEM and confocal Raman microscopy shows the distribution of calcite and vaterite as two CaCO3 polymorphs, which are deposited deep inside the cellular structure of the wood. The confined microenvironment of the wood cell wall seems to favor a formation of vaterite, as visible by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. In view of a practical application, the mineralization of wood opens up ways for sustainable wood-based hybrid materials with a significantly improved fire resistance, as proven via pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry and cone calorimetry tests. Beyond that, this versatile solute-exchange approach provides an opportunity for the incorporation of a broad range of different mineral phases into wood for novel material property combinations.
Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum against soybean charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Khaledi Nima , Taheri Parissa 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Throughout the world, charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of crop plants such as soybean. In this study, the biological control capability of 11 Trichoderma spp. isolates against M. phaseolina was investigated using screening tests. Among all the tested Trichoderma spp. isolates, inhibition varied from 20.22 to 58.67% in dual culture tests. Dual culture, volatile and non-volatile tests revealed that two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (including the isolates T7 and T14) best inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina in vitro. Therefore, these isolates were selected for biocontrol of M. phaseolina in vivo. The results of greenhouse experiments revealed that disease severity in the seed treatment with T. harzianum isolates was significantly lower than that of the soil treatment. In most of the cases, though, soil treatment with T. harzianum resulted in higher plant growth parameters, such as root and shoot weight. The effects of T. harzianum isolates on the activity of peroxidase enzyme and phenolic contents of the soybean root in the presence and absence of M. phaseolina were determined in greenhouse conditions. Our results suggested that a part of the inhibitory effect of T. harzianum isolates on soybean charcoal rot might be related to the indirect influence on M. phaseolina. Plant defense responses were activated as an elicitor in addition to the direct effect on the pathogen growth.
PCR-RFLP method to distinguish Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella pallida and Frankliniella tenuicornis
Authors: Przybylska Arnika , Fiedler Żaneta , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Thrips from the genus Frankliniella (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) are phytophagous on crops and wild plants. Some of them cause slight economic damage, however, others including F. occidentalis and F. intonsa are responsible for considerable losses in crop production. Moreover, they constitute a double threat for host plants by not only feeding on them but also vectoring viruses, some of which are on the quarantined list of the European Plant Protection Organization. The rapid detection and differentiation between more and less harmful Frankliniella species is, therefore, important in order to combat the pests at the time of their appearance. In this study, we have undertaken to develop a method of detecting F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, F. pallida, and F. tenuicornis. The protocol is based on PCR amplification of ITS1 rDNA fragments of these insects using universal primers pair giving products of slightly distinct length for studied insects. Restriction enzymes digestion which is easy to interpret, allows for visible differentiation of all these Frankliniella species. The method was shown to be species-specific and sensitive. Even single specimens in either the larvae or adult stage could be distinguished.
Right’s Complex Relation to Ethics in Kant: The Limits of Independentism
Authors: Baiasu Sorin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:The recent literature on the relation in Kant between duties of right and duties of virtue is dominated by a debate on whether duties of right can be derived from duties of virtue. According to one important argument, there is a tension or even a paradox in Kant between various claims concerning juridical norms, a paradox which can best be solved by assuming an “Independentist” position, that is, the view that the Universal Principle of Right is independent from the Categorical Imperative and, hence, that duties of right are normatively independent from duties of virtue. My claim in this paper is that the paradox which supports the independentist reading affects Kant’s claims only when the focus is on the subjective validity of duties. Once the focus is changed to objective validity, with which Kant is actually concerned, the paradox is dissolved and the Universal Principle of Right can appear as normatively dependent on the Categorical Imperative. In other words, in this paper, I argue that the scope of the paradox of juridical norms is confined to a specific focus and independentism (the view that duties of right are independent from duties of virtue) is confined in a similar way. Hence, the complexity of Kant’s account makes it possible for him to accommodate both independentist and dependentist views of the relation between right and virtue.
Common Possession of the Earth and Cosmopolitan Right
Authors: Pinheiro Walla Alice 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:was a prominent idea in seventeenth-century modern philosophy. In this paper I will argue that Kant not only provides a secularized version of common possession of the earth but also radically departs from the conception of his natural law theory predecessors. I argue that Kant’s account of cosmopolitan right seeks to address the same problem as Grotius’ right of necessity, namely the implausibility of assuming inflexible acquired rights when this would go against the rationale for introducing these rights. However, while Grotius intended to excuse violations of private property in cases of necessity, Kant restricts his discussion to the right of host peoples to reject entrants in their territory. I show that in Kant’s account, to deny life-saving occupation of space to another being who is in principle just as entitled as anyone else to any place of the earth is to
Synthesis and structure of a cobalt coordination polymer based on 2,8-di(pyridin-4-yl)dibenzothiophene and 4,4-dicarboxydiphenylsulfone
Authors: Jiao Yan , Zhao Dan-Xia , Yang Kai-Ping , Liu Xin , Huang Cheng-Yan , Zhang Ming-Dao , Chen Min-Dong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A new coordination polymer {[Co2(DPDBT)2(DCPS)2(H2O)](H2O)}
n
(1) [DPDBT = 2,8-di(pyridin-4-yl)dibenzothiophene, H2DCPS = 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl sulfone], was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Complex 1 exhibits a 2D structure with two different kinds of binuclear cobalt cluster units. The UV/Vis spectra of 1 and of the ligands were investigated, indicating that complex 1 is a potential wide gap semiconductor material.