bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages and disadvantages of graduated and inverse graduated compression hosiery in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and healthy volunteers: A prospective, mono-centric, blinded, open randomised, controlled and cross-over trial
Authors: Riebe Helene , Konschake Wolfgang , Haase Hermann , Jünger Michael 
Published: December 2016

Background The therapeutic effectiveness of compression therapy depends on the selection of compression hosiery. Objectives To assess efficacy and tolerability of graduated elastic compression stockings (GECS) and inverse graduated elastic compression stockings (PECS). Methods Thirty-two healthy volunteers and thirty-two patients with chronic venous insufficiency were analysed; wear period: one week for each stocking type (randomised, blinded). Primary outcome: volume reduction of ‘Lower leg’ (Image3D®) and ‘Distal leg and foot’ (water plethysmography). Secondary outcomes: clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency assessed by the Venous Clinical Severity Score, side effects and wear comfort in both groups. Results Volume of ‘Lower leg’: significant reduction in healthy volunteers (mean GECS: −37.5 mL, mean PECS: −37.2 mL) and in patients (mean GECS: −55.6 mL, mean PECS: −41.6 mL). Volume of ‘Distal lower leg and foot’: significant reduction in healthy volunteers (mean GECS: −27 mL, mean PECS: −16.7 mL), significant reduction in patients by GECS (mean: −43.4 mL), but non-significant reduction by PECS (mean: −22.6 mL). Clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency were improved significantly better with GECS than with PECS, p < 0.001. GECS led to more painful constrictions, p = 0.047, PECS slipped down more often, p < 0.001. Conclusion GECS and PECS reduce volume of the segment ‘Lower leg’ in patients and healthy volunteers. Patients’ volume of the ‘Distal lower leg and foot’, however, were diminished significantly only by GECS ( p = 0.0001). Patients’ complaints were improved by both GECS and PECS, and GECS were superior to PECS.
Dying in the hospital setting: A meta-synthesis identifying the elements of end-of-life care that patients and their families describe as being important
Authors: Virdun Claudia , Luckett Tim , Lorenz Karl , Davidson Patricia M , Phillips Jane 
Published: December 2016

Background: Despite most expected deaths occurring in hospital, optimal end-of-life care is not available for all in this setting. Aim: To gain a richer and deeper understanding of elements of end-of-life care that consumers consider most important within the hospital setting. Design: A meta-synthesis. Data sources: A systematic search of Academic Search Complete, AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Google, Google Scholar and CareSearch for qualitative studies published between 1990 and April 2015 reporting statements by consumers regarding important elements of end-of-life hospital care. Study quality was appraised by two independent researchers using an established checklist. A three-stage synthesis approach focusing on consumer quotes, rather than primary author themes, was adopted for this review. Results: Of 1922 articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria providing patient and family data for analysis. Synthesis yielded 7 patient and 10 family themes including 6 common themes: (1) expert care, (2) effective communication and shared decision-making, (3) respectful and compassionate care, (4) adequate environment for care, (5) family involvement and (6) financial affairs. Maintenance of sense of self was the additional patient theme, while the four additional family themes were as follows: (1) maintenance of patient safety, (2) preparation for death, (3) care extending to the family after patient death and (4) enabling patient choice at the end of life. Conclusion: Consumer narratives help to provide a clearer direction as to what is important for hospital end-of-life care. Systems are needed to enable optimal end-of-life care, in accordance with consumer priorities, and embedded into routine hospital care.
Hospital doctors’ understanding of use and withdrawal of the Liverpool Care Pathway: A qualitative study of practice-based experiences during times of change
Authors: Twigger Sharon , Yardley Sarah J 
Published: December 2016

Background: The Liverpool Care Pathway was used in UK hospitals (late 1990s to July 2014) in an attempt to generate hospice-style high-quality end-of-life care in acute settings. Despite being widely established, there was limited research or contextual evidence regarding this approach or its impact. Growing criticism from the public, media, politicians and healthcare professionals culminated with a critical independent review (July 2013) and subsequent withdrawal of the Liverpool Care Pathway. Aim: This research explores experiences of doctors using the Liverpool Care Pathway, prior to and during its withdrawal, to better understand shortfallings and inform future initiatives in hospital end-of-life care. Design: Individual semi-structured audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and concurrently analysed using thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Following ethical approval, volunteer participants from an acute UK hospital were sought ( n = 73). A total of 18 specialist doctors were purposively selected. Results: Seven themes shaped doctors’ experiences of using the Liverpool Care Pathway: (1) changing perceptions according to length of clinical practice, (2) individual interpretation and application of the Liverpool Care Pathway, (3) limitations arising from setting, speciality and basic end-of-life care competence, (4) understanding and acceptance of medical uncertainty at the end-of-life, (5) centrality of communication and fear of discussing dying, (6) external challenges, including a culture to cure, role modelling and the media and (7) desire for reassurance in end-of-life care decisions. Conclusion: Future initiatives in hospital end-of-life care must address doctors’ fears, (in)abilty to tolerate medical uncertainty, communication skills and understanding of the dying phase, in order to provide optimum care in the last days of life.
Using Movies to Change Homophobic Attitudes of Social Work Students
Authors: Serpen Ayşe Sezen , Demirbilek Melahat , Duyan Veli , Megahead Hamido A. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives: This article examines homophobic attitude changes among undergraduate social work students in two major universities located in Ankara, Turkey. Method: The research was conducted in Ankara for 10 weeks with 54 volunteer students from Ankara University and Hacettepe University. During one term, nine movies were screened, a get-acquainted meeting was held, three information booklets were distributed, and the Homosexuality Attitudes Scale (HAS) was given at the beginning and end of the term. Results: The mean HAS score at the pretest was 166.28 ( SD = 35.33), and the mean posttest score was 146.93 ( SD = 41.09). A paired samples t-test found this reduction to be statistically significant at p < .05 level, with a Cohen’s d effect size of .52, r = .25. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that viewing gay-friend mainstream movies can contribute to a reduction in prejudice again homosexuals. Viewing such movies may be an important component of social work education aimed at enhancing favorable views toward diverse sexual orientations and promoting social workers’ ability to effectively engage with gays and lesbians in practice.
The role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia
Authors: Vaitkus Janina A , Celi Francesco S 
Published: December 2016

Adipose tissue (fat) is a heterogeneous organ, both in function and histology, distributed throughout the body. White adipose tissue, responsible for energy storage and more recently found to have endocrine and inflammation-modulatory activities, was historically thought to be the only type of fat present in adult humans. The recent demonstration of functional brown adipose tissue in adults, which is highly metabolic, shifted this paradigm. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate the ability of white adipose tissue to be induced toward the brown adipose phenotype – “beige” or “brite” adipose tissue – in a process referred to as “browning.” While these adipose tissue depots are under investigation in the context of obesity, new evidence suggests a maladaptive role in other metabolic disturbances including cancer-associated cachexia, which is the topic of this review. This syndrome is multifactorial in nature and is an independent factor associated with poor prognosis. Here, we review the contributions of all three adipose depots – white, brown, and beige – to the development and progression of cancer-associated cachexia. Specifically, we focus on the local and systemic processes involving these adipose tissues that lead to increased energy expenditure and sustained negative energy balance. We highlight key findings from both animal and human studies and discuss areas within the field that need further exploration. Impact statement Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome that negatively impacts patient quality of live and prognosis. This work reviews a component of CAC that lacks prior discussion: adipose tissue contributions. Uniquely, it discusses all three types of adipose tissue, white, beige, and brown, their interactions, and their contributions to the development and progression of CAC. Summarizing key bench and clinical studies, it provides information that will be useful to both basic and clinical researchers in designing experiments, studies, and clinical trials.
Combining independent de novo assemblies optimizes the coding transcriptome for nonconventional model eukaryotic organisms
Authors: Cerveau Nicolas , Jackson Daniel J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are arguably the most revolutionary technical development to join the list of tools available to molecular biologists since PCR. For researchers working with nonconventional model organisms one major problem with the currently dominant NGS platform (Illumina) stems from the obligatory fragmentation of nucleic acid material that occurs prior to sequencing during library preparation. This step creates a significant bioinformatic challenge for accurate de novo assembly of novel transcriptome data. This challenge becomes apparent when a variety of modern assembly tools (of which there is no shortage) are applied to the same raw NGS dataset. With the same assembly parameters these tools can generate markedly different assembly outputs.

Results
In this study we present an approach that generates an optimized consensus de novo assembly of eukaryotic coding transcriptomes. This approach does not represent a new assembler, rather it combines the outputs of a variety of established assembly packages, and removes redundancy via a series of clustering steps. We test and validate our approach using Illumina datasets from six phylogenetically diverse eukaryotes (three metazoans, two plants and a yeast) and two simulated datasets derived from metazoan reference genome annotations. All of these datasets were assembled using three currently popular assembly packages (CLC, Trinity and IDBA-tran). In addition, we experimentally demonstrate that transcripts unique to one particular assembly package are likely to be bioinformatic artefacts. For all eight datasets our pipeline generates more concise transcriptomes that in fact possess more unique annotatable protein domains than any of the three individual assemblers we employed. Another measure of assembly completeness (using the purpose built BUSCO databases) also confirmed that our approach yields more information.

Conclusions
Our approach yields coding transcriptome assemblies that are more likely to be closer to biological reality than any of the three individual assembly packages we investigated. This approach (freely available as a simple perl script) will be of use to researchers working with species for which there is little or no reference data against which the assembly of a transcriptome can be performed.
Detecting a known near-surface target through application of frequency-dependent traveltime tomography and full-waveform inversion to P- and SH-wave seismic refraction data
Authors: Chen Jianxiong , Zelt Colin A. , Jaiswal Priyank 
Published: December 2016

We have applied a combined workflow of frequency-dependent traveltime tomography (FDTT) and full-waveform inversion (FWI) to 2D near-surface P- and SH-wave seismic data to detect a known target consisting of a buried tunnel with concrete walls and a void space inside. FDTT inverted the P- and SH-wave picked traveltimes at 250 Hz to provide long-wavelength background velocity models as the starting models for FWI. FWI inverted 18–54 Hz P-wave data and 16–50 Hz SH-wave data to produce velocity models with subwavelength- and wavelength-scale features allowing for direct interpretation of the velocity models as is usually carried out in conventional imaging using seismic reflection data. The P- and SH-wave models image the top part of the tunnel at the correct location at a depth of 1.6 m as a high-velocity anomaly. The P-wave models also image the air in the void space of the tunnel as a low-velocity anomaly. The inverted models were assessed by synthetic tests, the consistency of the inverted sources, and the fit between the predicted and observed data. As a comparison, conventional ray-theory infinite-frequency traveltime tomography (IFTT) was also applied in a combined workflow with FWI. The comparisons of the inverted models favor the use of FDTT over IFTT because (1) The FDTT models better recover the magnitude of the velocity anomalies and (2) the FDTT model serves as a better starting model for FWI, which results in a more accurate FWI velocity estimation with better recovery of the magnitude and location of the key features. FDTT will not provide significant benefits over IFTT in all studies, particularly those in which ray theory is valid.
3D Simulation of Second-Order Surfaces
Authors: Ремонтова  , Remontova Lyudmila , Нестеренко  , Nesterenko Leonid , Бурлов  , Burlov V. , Орлов  , Orlov Nikita 
Published: December 2016

This paper’s material is destined for high educational
institutions’ graduate students and teachers whose professional
activity is connected with problems of descriptive geometry
and engineering graphics teaching improving on the basis of modern
computer technology. The paper will be useful to students of
technical universities in their further understanding the course of
descriptive geometry and inoculation them an interest in their
personal geometric and graphic training, without which a quality
engineering creativity is impossible.
The paper focuses on use of KOMPAS-3D software possibilities
which enables solution of nearly all educational, as well as professional
engineering and graphics problems. At the same time, the
promotion of domestic IT-product in educational area is an urgent
task, arising from the problem of technical education at the present
stage of public education’s system development.
A number of examples related to solution of spatial problems
connected with second-order surfaces simulation have been considered.
On the basis of descriptive geometry’s laws applicable to
surface problems, a feature of their solution and display on computer
screen has been illustrated. For example, in the graphic editor
KOMPAS-3D there is the Ellipse command, but there are no
Hyperbola or Parabola commands. But without these curves it is
impossible to create a 3D model of hyperboloid (one- or two-sheet),
paraboloid, or hyperbolic paraboloid. To create these curves it has
been proposed to use conics of circular cone, canonical or parametric
equations of hyperbolas and parabolas. For each of these
options the examples of second-order surfaces 3D models creation have been considered.
Documenting wound management
Authors: Briggs M. , Banks S. 
Published: December 2016

An audit of new wound management guidelines was conducted in October 1993 at St James's University Hospital, Leeds. Five patients with wounds (including pressure sores, cavity wounds and leg ulcers) were randomly sampled in each ward. Where the number of patients with wounds in a ward was five or less, all patients were recruited. An audit questionnaire based on an agreed standard was completed for all wounds. The areas included in the audit were all wards in general surgery, orthopaedics, plastic surgery, gynaecology, intensive care, elderly care and medicine. A sample of 120 patients with 152 wounds was obtained, comprising pressure sores, leg ulcers and infected wounds. A new wound assessment form was used in 89.5% of wounds audited (136/152), and only one of these patients did not have a designated care plan. The audit process raised awareness of the issues involved. The process of reviewing documentation with the wound-care link nurse identified areas for further improvement. The guidelines and wound-care forms are now in widespread use.
Assessing the use of dressings in practice
Authors: Bux M. , Halhi J.S. 
Published: December 2016

An audit was carried out in an NHS trust to identify the degree to which wound management products were being selected and used appropriately. Fifty patients with various types of wounds were involved; observers noted the condition of wounds at dressing changes and the procedures used, then studied each patient's hospital documentation (medical notes, nursing care plan and drug chart). Nursing staff were interviewed to ascertain the input of various disciplines in dressing choice. The ‘correct’ choice of dressing was made in only 48% of wounds, and correct choice and use were identified in just 20%, with wide variations between different products. A quarter of patients reported pain associated with their wounds, but none received analgesia before dressing changes. As a result of the audit, new guidelines on dressing choice and use have been produced, with others in preparation, and the hospital formulary has been amended.
Enzymatic debridement for necrotic wounds
Authors: Martin S.J. , Corrado O.J. , Kay E.A. 
Published: December 2016

In a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial, a comparison was made of the relative efficacy of using streptokinase/streptodornase (Varidase) in a hydrogel (KY Jelly) or the hydrogel alone in the debridement of Grade IV pressure sores. Seventeen subjects aged 57-94 years (mean age 81) took part; 21 sores were studied, 11 of which were randomised to the enzyme treatment regime. Both treatments led to eschar removal; fewer days were needed in the hydrogel-only group (mean 8.1 days, sd 1.8) compared to the enzyme/hydrogel group (mean 11.8 days, sd 2.9), but this was not statistically significant. The results suggest that the use of hydrogel alone may be a cost-effective alternative to the use of streptokinase/streptodornase and hydrogel in the treatment of these wounds.
Sustaining the retail pilgrimage: Developments of Fast Fashion and authentic identities
Authors: Anthony Amanda Koontz , Taplin Ian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article critically reviews the interaction between production and consumption in the apparel industry, focusing on changes that have occurred in the past decade. Specifically, we examine connections between supply and demand for products in a market noted for its volatility and product life cycles that can be measured in weeks. Many studies have examined how supply chain rationalization has imposed greater demands upon manufacturers to meet cost, quality, and delivery mandates. However, fewer studies examine how changing consumer demand both affects and is affected by the resulting retail revolution of Fast Fashion − a new breed of retailers who stock new items more frequently, selling inexpensive ‘fashion forward’ items to more style conscious consumers. We argue that retailers have realized that enhanced designs provide transient consumer value and a more effective matching of supply and demand. We theorize how consumers, meanwhile, behave strategically by visiting stores more often and increasing the frequency of their purchases, which can correspond with increasingly fluid and contextualized construction of pluralized authentic identities.
Fashioning identity and ideology: A case study of a ‘quality’ period K-drama Inspiring Generation
Authors: Lee Min-Jung , Kim Min-Ja 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Building on recent works that emphasize symbol-makers and their roles in the meaning-making process, this article endeavours to investigate how identity and ideology are embodied through television costume in the culture of South Korean television production, from the point of view of a costume designer, with reference to a case study: K-drama Gamgyuksidae (Inspiring Generation) (2014). This study departs from a typical Marxist ideological analysis, and instead uses a mixed methodological approach: a participant observation combined with a close textual analysis. This article is divided into three parts. The first examines the television costuming production culture of K-drama Gamgyuksidae. The second focuses on the costume produced for the expression of identity, which is examined under three heads: social, gender and national identity. Lastly, the final part examines how costumes in Gamgyuksidae are designed or stylized to communicate ideology. This study expects to expand the understanding of Korean culture at a time when Korean codes are spreading worldwide due to the Korean Wave, as well as for Koreans to understand their own culture better by seeing the limitations and advantages of their own meaning-making practice.
Hospitality and non-human beings: Jacques Derrida’s reading of D. H. Lawrence’s poem ‘Snake’
Authors: Kakoliris Gerasimos 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article presents Jacques Derrida’s reading of D. H. Lawrence’s poem, ‘Snake’. The question guiding the reading of this particular poem concerns the extent to which our ethical responsibility (as hosts) extends to non-human animals as well. Derrida analyses this poem under the burden of Levinas’s uncomfortable hesitation to grant animals a ‘face’, and therefore to make humans ethically responsible towards them. In Derrida’s reading of the poem, hospitality ceases to fall under the condition that the other must be a human. In the unexpected encounter between the man-narrator and a snake in the poem, hospitality blurs the boundaries allowing the Other to appear in non-anthropocentric terms, claiming a place within the human ethical responsibility. If ‘hospitality’ means the crossing of boundaries, then it requires allowing the other of the human, the animal, to cross the boundary traditionally fixed between the two, yet without having to prove first that the animal is ‘like the human’, namely without assimilating the otherness of the animal into the human. Hospitality renegotiates the issue of crossing the limits-boundaries between species.