bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Medium-Scale Laboratory Tests on Ice Crushing Dynamics
Authors: Birajdar Pranav , Taylor Rocky , Habib Kashfi , Hossain Ridwan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The study of ice loads and associated mechanics is highly important in supporting oil and gas exploration and development in ice-prone offshore regions. While knowledge gaps regarding full details of the dynamic ice structure interaction process remain, substantial research is being carried out over a range of scales to improve understanding of excitation mechanisms for structures subjected to compressive ice loading. The present paper is focused on the first of a new series of medium-scale laboratory tests that have been carried out as a part of a larger program of research aimed at improving understanding of compressive ice failure phenomena and links between the formation of high-pressure zones and the occurrence of ice-induced structural vibrations under controlled conditions. The tests presented in this paper focus on the indentation of ice using a single spherical indenter mounted on a compliant beam system. Nine tests were performed to investigate the effect of ice temperature and indenter size on ice failure processes associated with high-pressure zone formation and evolution during dynamic ice crushing tests. Ice failure events were observed from regular and high-speed video synchronized with LVDTs and load cell data. Observations of ice load dynamics and structural response are discussed, along with corresponding observations of failure processes in the ice. In general it was observed that ice at warm temperatures was more prone to ductile type failure with lower, less dynamic pressures. By contrast, results from tests conducted at colder temperatures were characterized by a combination of spalling and crushing failure, which corresponded more with large-amplitude, sawtooth load cycles, which often resulted in load drop to zero as the rebounding structure cleared the failed ice from around the indenter. In terms of scale effects, it was observed for the same indentation rate and temperature, smaller indenters produced higher amplitude, higher frequency sawtooth loading than was observed for larger diameter indenters.
Initial Operational Experience from the Oblique Icebreaker
Authors: Hovilainen M. , Romu T. , Heinonen T. , Uuskallio A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Baltika, the world’s first oblique icebreaker designed to break ice sideways, left Murmansk on 20 March 2015 and headed to the Russian Arctic. The purpose of the three-week voyage to Kara Sea and the Gulf of Ob was to evaluate the vessel’s icebreaking performance and operational capability through extensive full-scale trials in challenging Arctic ice conditions. In the ice-free Barents Sea, the seakeeping characteristics of the asymmetric icebreaker hull were also evaluated in moderate seas.
Performance trials were carried out in three different ice thicknesses, ranging from 40 cm thick saline sea ice in the Kara Sea to up to 1.22 m thick hard low-saline ice outside the Sabetta LNG terminal in the Gulf of Ob. During these trials, Baltika exceeded her design icebreaking capability of 3 knots in 1 m thick ice in both ahead and astern directions. In addition, the oblique icebreaking mode was demonstrated for the first time, and the vessel performed beyond expectations.
While the main goal of the trial voyage was to confirm Baltika’s icebreaking capability, both the vessel’s crew and the designers gained considerable operational experience during the daily operations in the challenging ice conditions. After the best way to tackle obstacles such as ridged ice fields was discovered, Baltika was found out to be equivalent - sometimes even superior - to conventional icebreakers despite her lower propulsion power.
There have always been those who have doubted the feasibility of the oblique icebreaker concept. The extensive full-scale ice trials in the Russian Arctic have shown that Baltika, the first icebreaker with an asymmetric hull, could not only break ice sideways, but also sometimes out-perform conventional icebreakers in other operational situations as well. The concept is thus seen to hold potential for a number of missions such as escort and port icebreaking and in offshore projects.
GBS LNG Solution for Shallow Arctic Regions
Authors: Stormyr Erik , Egge, Kvaerner Magnus , Khan Altaf , Hunter Phil 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Arctic regions offer significant resource bases for energy supplies for the future. The Arctic developments has been challenged during the last years due to relatively high risk and cost levels related to the remote locations, harsh environment and environmental risks. The price of energy has fallen significantly and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) prices has followed the oil market, therefor the development of LNG facilities in the Arctic has to offer substancial cost benefits over what was planned some few years back.
Gas fields in the Arctic can be developed with LNG plants onshore, Floating LNG (FLNG) or by Gravity Based Structure (GBS) LNG solutions. Onshore developments has been the only alternative developed to date but logistical, foundation and lower productivity for construction, hook up and commissioning in arctic conditions has enabled another development concept to be evaluated. FLNG in shallow water and ice infested areas has not yet been considered a feasible development solution.
The GBS LNG concept offers solutions to many of the challenges in developing a large scale LNG plant in the arctic. The self contained GBS LNG based on compact design with integrated topside, Product storage and offloading in one unit can improve the execution of: Construction and integration in a yard instead of in an remote localization with harsh environment large parts of the yearReduced logistical challenges and no ice breaking tansport vessels requiredLocating the GBS LNG in permafrost free siteConcrete GBS can be constructed locally to ensure substantial local contentSecuring the project schedule by working in a controlled environment with established infrastructure and work forceSignificant reduction in bulk quantities due to compact designIntegrated ice barrier and potentially ice management systems in the GBS
The GBS LNG concept has been developed to be a flexible solution where; Train size and number of trains can be accommodated - up to 10 MTPA LNG capacity per GBSLarge flexibility in LNG and condensate storage capacityWater depth ranging from 13-30mDesign one build many - easy hook up for multiple LNG GBSsCooling medium (Air or Water cooled)Driver selection - GT or Electrical driveSelf contained with Living Quarter, Flare and utilities in produced on boardFlare can be installed on GB S
This paper is based on several conceptual and pre-FEED studies for the arctic and sub arctic environment where the GBS LNG solution has been evaluated favourable over the onshore development alternative, especially in location with ice infested waters and were permafrost on land is present.
Accuracy, precision, and temperature dependence of Pandora total ozone measurements estimated from a comparison with the Brewer triad in Toronto
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Fioletov Vitali , Cede Alexander , Davies Jonathan , Strong Kimberly 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This study evaluates the performance of the recently developed Pandora spectrometer by comparing it with the Brewer reference triad. This triad was established by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in the 1980s and is used to calibrate Brewer instruments around the world, ensuring high-quality total column ozone (TCO) measurements. To reduce stray light, the double Brewer instrument was introduced in 1992, and a new reference triad of double Brewers is also operational at Toronto. Since 2013, ECCC has deployed two Pandora spectrometers co-located with the old and new Brewer triads, making it possible to study the performance of three generations of ozone-monitoring instruments. The statistical analysis of TCO records from these instruments indicates that the random uncertainty for the Brewer is below 0.6 %, while that for the Pandora is below 0.4 %. However, there is a 1 % seasonal difference and a 3 % bias between the standard Pandora and Brewer TCO data, which is related to the temperature dependence and difference in ozone cross sections. A statistical model was developed to remove this seasonal difference and bias. It was based on daily temperature profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim data over Toronto and TCO from the Brewer reference triads. When the statistical model was used to correct Pandora data, the seasonal difference was reduced to 0.25 % and the bias was reduced to 0.04 %. Pandora instruments were also found to have low air mass dependence up to 81.6° solar zenith angle, comparable to double Brewer instruments.
Archive of bacterial community in anhydrite crystals from a deep-sea basin provides evidence of past oil-spilling in a benthic environment in the Red Sea
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Tie Gang , Wang Meng Ying , Lai Qi Liang , Li Jiang Tao , Gao Zhao Ming , Shao Zong Ze , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In deep-sea sediment, the microbes present in anhydrite crystals are potential markers of the past environment. In the Atlantis II Deep, anhydrite veins were produced by mild mixture of calcium-rich hydrothermal solutions and sulfate in the bottom water, which had probably preserved microbial inhabitants in the past seafloor of the Red Sea. In this study, this hypothesis was tested by analyzing the metagenome of an anhydrite crystal sample from the Atlantis II Deep. The estimated age of the anhydrite layer was between 750 and 770 years, which might span the event of hydrothermal eruption into the benthic floor. The 16S/18S rRNA genes in the metagenome were assigned to bacteria, archaea, fungi and even invertebrate species. The dominant species in the crystals was an oil-degrading Alcanivorax borkumensis bacterium, which was not detected in the adjacent sediment layer. Fluorescence microscopy using 16S rRNA and marker gene probes revealed intact cells of the Alcanivorax bacterium in the crystals. A draft genome of A. borkumensis was binned from the metagenome. It contained all functional genes for alkane utilization and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Moreover, the metagenomes of the anhydrites and control sediment contained aromatic degradation pathways, which were mostly derived from Ochrobactrum sp. Altogether, these results indicate an oxic, oil-spilling benthic environment in the Atlantis II basin of the Red Sea in approximately the 14th century. The original microbial inhabitants probably underwent a dramatic selection process via drastic environmental changes following the formation of an overlying anoxic brine pool in the basin due to hydrothermal activities.
James Luna and the Paradoxically Present Vanishing Indian
Authors: Hawley Elizabeth S 
Published: November 2016

James Luna’s performances interrogate how representations of Native Americans have been made to fit western assumptions about the “real Indian.” Using his recognizably Native body as a marker of both presence and endangered existence, Luna links Peggy Phelan’s conception of performance as the presence of loss with the centuries-old stereotype of Native Americans as the “vanishing race”—a stereotype that continues to exert influence. In Take a Picture with a Real Indian (performed in 1992, 2001, and 2010), he invites viewers to have their photograph taken with him wearing one of three options: war dance regalia, a loincloth, or khakis and a polo shirt. Few people choose the third option. The performance foregrounds what has become a tradition of Native Americans performing/posing their native -ness as Otherness for the camera, strategically employing imagery that plays to nostalgic Western views of Native peoples as perpetually vanishing. I argue that Luna’s performances comment not only upon western preconceptions of Native Americans, but also upon the ways that Native Americans have historically reasserted their agency by manipulating such expectations, staging themselves to fit the stereotype.
A Prediction and Simulation Model for Target-Oriented Regional Citrate-Calcium Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Blood Purification
Authors: Brandl Martin , Kellner Karlheinz 
Published: November 2016

Aims Regional citrate-calcium anticoagulation is becoming more and more attractive for extracorporeal treatments in the clinical routine. Methods A prediction and simulation tool for the safe application of RCA during extracorporeal treatments was introduced. The model predicts the course of the ionized calcium level in the patient and the current anticoagulation status in the extracorporeal circuit based on the actual settings of the dialysis machine. Results The simulation tool delivers areas in which the blood and dialysate flow can be adjusted to reach the desired target values for RCA and predicts the time course of several parameters during treatment.
Environmental Risk Trade-off for New Generation Vehicle Production: Malaysia Case
Authors: Azmi Muhammad , Tokai Akihiro 
Published: November 2016

<p>New Generation Vehicle such as Hybrid Electric (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (EV) have higher efficiency compared to conventional vehicles, and therefore releasing less carbon emissions. However, arguments arise whether this kind of New Generation Vehicle is truly clean compared to the existing system, especially in developing country such as Malaysia since current knowledge only focus on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) generation. This study aims on provide better understanding of the environmental consequences of the compact vehicle production activities based on 5 impact classifications which is GHG generation, Acidification, Eutrophication, Carcinogenic Effect, and Human Health measured in “Disability Adjusted Life-Year” (DALY) using Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Analysis under local electricity mix in 2017 and 2030. A trade-off comparison then can be made to assess the current vehicle technologies with high potential of mass usage in Malaysia– Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (CV), EV, and HEV vehicles with two types of batteries; Nickel Magnesium Hydride (HEV-NiMH), and Lithium Nickel-Magnesium-Cobalt (HEV-NMC). This study found that EV have slightly higher potential to cause a global warming (5,791kg of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent emission), follow by HEV-NiMH (4,814kg), HEV-NMC (4,596kg) and CV (4,166kg) embodied per vehicle. Cradle-to-gate of CV is better in term of GHG emission and Carcinogenic impact compared to all the studied subjects but in overall measurement, it is not the best solution for human health, measured in DALY. Conversely, HEV have high environmental impact on the same categories. DALY for 2017 EV production is at 0.0014, CV at 0.0019, HEV-NiMH at 0.0036 and HEV-NMC at 0.0022. The situation created a trade-off between having higher Acidification and Eutrophication from CV production against having higher GHG emission of its replacement EV production. </p>
Enhanced chromium adsorption capacity via plasma modification of natural zeolites
Authors: Cagomoc Charisse Marie D. , Vasquez Magdaleno R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Natural zeolites such as mordenite are excellent adsorbents for heavy metals. To enhance the adsorption capacity of zeolite, sodium-exchanged samples were irradiated with 13.56 MHz capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) argon gas discharge. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] was used as the test heavy metal. Pristine and plasma-treated zeolite samples were soaked in 50 mg/L Cr solution and the amount of adsorbed Cr(VI) on the zeolites was calculated at predetermined time intervals. Compared with untreated zeolite samples, initial Cr(VI) uptake was 70% higher for plasma-treated zeolite granules (50 W 30 min) after 1 h of soaking. After 24 h, all plasma-treated zeolites showed increased Cr(VI) uptake. For a 2- to 4-month period, Cr(VI) uptake increased about 130% compared with untreated zeolite granules. X-ray diffraction analyses between untreated and treated zeolite samples revealed no major difference in terms of its crystal structure. However, for plasma-treated samples, an increase in the number of surface defects was observed from scanning electron microscopy images. This increase in the number of surface defects induced by plasma exposure played a crucial role in increasing the number of active sorption sites on the zeolite surface.
Rates of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Guare Emma G. , Zhao Rong , Ssentongo Paddy , Batra Erich K. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Paules Catharine I. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceInfection has been postulated as a driver in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cascade. Epidemiologic patterns of infection, including respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparing month-to-month variation in both sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and SIDS rates before and during the pandemic offers an opportunity to generate and expand existing hypotheses regarding seasonal infections and SUID and SIDS.ObjectiveTo compare prepandemic and intrapandemic rates of SUID and SIDS, assessing for monthly variation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed US mortality data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2021. Events with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes for SIDS (R95), unknown (R99), and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (W75) causes of death were examined. The data analysis was performed between November 2, 2023, and June 2, 2024.ExposureCOVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary and secondary outcomes were the monthly rates of SUID and SIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021) compared with the prepandemic period (March 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019) as measured using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Seasonal trends in RSV and influenza rates were also examined.ResultsThere were 14 308 SUID cases from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021 (42% female infants). Compared with the prepandemic period, the risk of SUID increased during the intrapandemic period (intensity ratio [IR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05-1.07). Monthly assessments revealed an increased risk of SUID beyond the prepandemic baseline starting in July 2020, with a pronounced epidemiologic shift from June to December 2021 (ranging from 10% to 14%). Rates of SIDS were elevated throughout the intrapandemic period compared with the prepandemic baseline, with the greatest increase in July 2021 (IR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.22) and August 2021 (IR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.22). Seasonal shifts in RSV hospitalizations correlated with monthly changes in SUID observed during 2021.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found increased rates of both SUID and SIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant shift in epidemiology from the prepandemic period noted in June to December 2021. These findings support the hypothesis that off-season resurgences in endemic infectious pathogens may be associated with SUID rates, with RSV rates in the US closely approximating this shift. Further investigation into the role of infection in SUID and SIDS is needed.
Complete Response to Locoregional Therapy Plus Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chiang Chi Leung , Chan Kenneth Sik Kwan , Chiu Keith Wan Hang , Lee Francis Ann Shing , Chen Wenqi , Wong Natalie Sean Man , Ho Ryan Lok Man , Lee Venus Wan Yan , Man Kwan , Kong Feng Ming (Spring) , Chan Albert Chi Yan 
Published: September 2024

ImportancePrevious studies showed that 42% to 50% of patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) achieved complete remission (CR) after combined locoregional therapy (LRT) plus immunotherapy (IO). However, data on predictors of CR and long-term clinical outcomes without surgery and after discontinuation of IO are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the long-term clinical outcomes among patients with unresectable HCC who achieved CR after LRT-IO and were placed on a watch-and-wait protocol.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included patients with unresectable HCC who achieved CR after LRT-IO in 2 prospective studies between January 2018 and December 2022. The time of data cutoff was June 2023. Radiologic CR was defined per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. All patients underwent close surveillance after CR without surgical interventions, and IO was discontinued.ExposureAll patients had received stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by anti–programmed cell death protein 1 or anti–programmed death ligand 1 therapy. Forty-nine patients had received a dose of transarterial chemoembolization before stereotactic body radiotherapy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate. Secondary outcomes included the 3-year time-to-progression rate, 3-year local control rate, and relapse pattern. Factors associated with CR were analyzed using multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 63 patients were enrolled (58 male [92.1%]; median age, 69 years [range, 18-90 years]); 38 patients (60.3%) had macrovascular invasion, and the median tumor diameter was 10 cm (range, 3.8-31.1 cm). The median follow-up time was 34.7 months (95% CI, 6.5-64.6 months). Twenty-nine patients (46.0%) achieved CR. The patients achieving CR had a significantly better 3-year OS rate than patients not achieving CR (75.5% [95% CI, 58.2%-98.3%] vs 28.1% [95% CI, 7.4%-29.4%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Among the 29 patients with CR, the 3-year time-to-progression rate was 58.7% (95% CI, 38.7%-79.1%) and the 3-year local control rate was 90.5% (95% CI, 78.2%-100%). Ten patients (34.5%) developed recurrence; among them, 6 (60.0%) with solitary intrahepatic disease relapse underwent curative surgical treatment. The absence of tumor vascular invasion (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10-0.89) and the sum of the largest lesion diameters of 8 cm or less (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.98) were associated with CR.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of LRT-IO with long-term follow-up data found a durable response in patients with locally advanced unresectable HCC. Long-term survival was attainable in patients with radiologic CR. Further randomized clinical trials are warranted.