bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Prevalence and Predictors of Frailty in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Levett Tom J. , Cresswell Fiona V. , Malik Muzaffar A. , Fisher Martin , Wright Juliet 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and predictors of frailty in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using systematic review methodology.DesignReview.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsOlder adults with HIV.MeasurementsMedline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and PubMed were searched for original observational studies with populations including individuals with HIV in which frailty was assessed using the frailty phenotype or a variant thereof. Studies were examined for frailty prevalence and predictors of the syndrome in those with HIV.ResultsThirteen of 322 citations were included for full review. All demonstrated the presence of frailty in individuals with HIV, with prevalence ranging from 5% to 28.6% depending on population studied. HIV was a risk factor for frailty. Predictors of frailty included older age, comorbidities, diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and low current CD4+ cell count.ConclusionHIV appears to be an independent risk factor for frailty, with frailty occurring in individuals with HIV at rates comparable with older individuals without HIV. Heterogeneity in study populations and frailty assessment measures hamper accurate description of the problem. Future longitudinal work with standardized methodology is needed to describe prevalence accurately and confirm predictors.
Consuming Childhoods: An Assessment of Child Labor's Role in Indian Production and Global Consumption
Authors: Gómez‐Paredes Jorge , Alsamawi Ali , Yamasue Eiji , Okumura Hideyuki , Ishihara Keiichi N. , Geschke Arne , Lenzen Manfred 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAlthough evidence indicates the significant incidence of child labor in India, the role it plays in the economy is still considerably unknown. This study used disaggregated labor data and evaluated local and global supply chains to develop the first comprehensive and systematic assessment of Indian child labor involved in the production of commodities consumed worldwide, considering trade between more than 15,000 industrial sectors across 189 countries. Five questions were addressed: Which children are in child labor?; What is being produced with that labor?; Who are the final consumers?; What amount of financial resources would be needed to support these children?; and What would be the increase in labor production costs if adults were to replace children? It was found that of 9,687,688 children in child labor during July 2011 to June 2012, 95% of cases were linked to the production of just 35 commodities. Whereas most of these commodities were locally consumed, as many as 980,084 children (around 10%) worked for exports, more than what is typically assumed. Exports mainly consisted of agricultural and food products, clothing, minerals, and construction materials and were predominantly destined to 26 countries, the United States ranking first. Nonetheless, this study supports the notion that the simple removal of foreign demand will not solve the problem; it is poverty that needs to be addressed. Supporting children with allowances equal to their earnings would require 935 billion Indian Rupees, within a 13‐year period. If adult workers were to replace children, total production costs may increase only by around 1%.
Assessing the Inequality of Spanish Households through the Carbon Footprint: The 21st Century Great Recession Effect
Authors: López Luis Antonio , Arce Guadalupe , Morenate Manuel , Monsalve Fabio 
Published: May 2016

SummaryInequality has recently become a major concern in economics. Leaving aside its social and economic effects is also possible to trace its environmental consequences, which this article attempts to assess. The indicator to be measured is the household's carbon footprint (CF) for different social groups. The deep economic crisis in the Spanish economy between 2008 and 2013 has increased consumption inequality and doubled the number of households below the poverty line. When focusing on domestic consumption, we found that the shopping basket of all income groups has very similar emissions intensities; therefore, the differences among the household CFs depend mainly on the scale effect (i.e., the size of consumption). However, when international trade is also considered, we found that the emission intensity of imports is bigger than the intensity of all the respective domestic goods. Therefore, the share of imported goods and services by social class will be an important determinant of the respective total CF. Before the crisis, households with higher incomes imported 30% of their total consumption items whereas households with lower income imported only 20% of their consumption. During the crisis, the imports of medium‐high‐income households fell to 20%, whereas low‐ and middle‐income families maintained the same import share, which contributed to the reduction of the total household CF.
Experiences of Turkish survivors of breast cancer: Neuman systems model perspective
Authors: Şengün İnan Figen , Üstün Besti 
Published: May 2016

AimThe purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explain the experiences of Turkish survivors of breast cancer in the light of the Neuman systems model.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 14 Turkish survivors of breast cancer. The data were analyzed by using directed content analysis. The data were categorized according to three concepts of the Neuman systems model (stressor, variable, and nursing intervention).ResultsThe Turkish survivors of breast cancer suffered intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors but did not receive enough support from healthcare professionals during follow‐up appointments.ConclusionNurses working with the survivors of breast cancer should be aware of stressors and positive and negative variables. The implementation of the Neuman systems model by nurses provides a systematic perspective and helps to increase the effectiveness of survivorship care.
Antenatal care visits during pregnancy and their effect on maternal and fetal outcomes in pre‐eclamptic patients
Authors: Mohamed Shaker El‐Sayed Azzaz Ahmed , Martínez‐Maestre María Angeles , Torrejón‐Cardoso Rafael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe frequency of antenatal care visits during pregnancy was examined to determine their effect on maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThis study included 150 pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia who attended the Outpatient Clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Ismailia General Hospital. The women were interviewed and their antenatal care visits recorded. Blood pressure control, cardiotocography, ultrasonographic and Doppler evaluations and the administration of methyldopa were recorded. We calculated the distribution of women who attended an adequate versus an inadequate number of antenatal care visits, examined the characteristics of the groups using significance tests, computed the risk of poor maternal and fetal outcomes and created regression analysis models. We also calculated the incidence rate of poor maternal and fetal outcomes, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsWomen who attended an inadequate number of antenatal care visits had a significantly higher risk of post‐partum hemorrhage, eclampsia, and intensive care unit admission compared with women who attended an adequate number of visits. Women who attended an inadequate number of visits had a 12‐fold risk of a poor maternal outcome, a 53‐fold risk of a poor fetal outcome and a significantly higher risk of neonatal mortality in comparison to women who attended an adequate number of antenatal visits.ConclusionsThe frequency of antenatal care visits during pregnancy has a significant effect on maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with pre‐eclampsia.
Case with pyoderma gangrenosum abruptly emerging around the wound of cesarean section for placenta previa with placenta accrete
Authors: Nonaka Taro , Yoshida Kunihiko , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Aizawa Atsuko , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Enomoto Takayuki , Takakuwa Koichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA 39‐year‐old woman underwent emergency cesarean section (CS) due to placenta previa totalis with massive bleeding. Two major problems emerged in this patient after CS was carried out. One was partial retention of the placenta due to placenta accreta. Another major and more serious problem was pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) widely appearing at the skin of the abdomen around the CS wound. Conservative treatment was performed for the retained placenta, and it had completely disappeared by 76 days after the CS. The diagnosis of PG was promptly made in consultation with a plastic surgeon and a dermatologist when a wide ulcer emerged around the CS wound, and high‐dose prednisolone was administered as treatment. At 90 days following the CS, near‐complete epithelialization was achieved. This extremely rare case reflects the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment of PG.
Late preterm birth is a strong predictor of maternal stress later in life: Retrospective cohort study in school‐aged children
Authors: Polic Branka , Bubic Andreja , Mestrovic Julije , Markic Josko , Kovacevic Tanja , Juric Milan , Tesija Roberta Andrea , Susnjar Helena , Kolcic Ivana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the level of stress in mothers of school‐aged children born late preterm and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with the level of maternal stress if a child was born late preterm and not admitted to the ICU as well as if a full‐term child was admitted to the ICU.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study the data were gathered via telephone interview with mothers. The Parenting Stress Index/Short Form was used to determine the level of stress in mothers. Background demographic characteristics, medically relevant variables, and the level of stress were tested using the chi‐square test and Kruskal‐Wallis test. Logistic regression was used in order to identify predictors of significant level of stress.ResultsMothers of late preterm born children who were admitted to the ICU, as well as mothers of late preterm children who were not admitted had higher level of stress compared to mothers of full‐term children. Namely, mothers of late preterm born children admitted to the ICU had 18‐fold increase in risk for significant level of total stress (OR = 18.09; 95% CI 8.55 to 38.26) while 24‐fold greater risk was observed in mothers of late preterm children who were not admitted to the ICU (OR = 24.05; 95% CI 10.66 to 54.26) in comparison to mothers of full‐term born children.ConclusionResults indicate that preterm birth and its complications are associated with a higher level of stress in mothers, that persists to school age.
Does continuous positive airway pressure for extubation in congenital tracheoesophageal fistula increase the risk of anastomotic leak? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shah Piyush S , Gera Parshotam , Gollow Ian J , Rao Shripada C 
Published: May 2016

AimImmediate post‐operative care of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and oesophageal atresia (EA) requires mechanical ventilation. Early extubation is preferred, but subsequent respiratory distress may warrant re‐intubation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a well‐established modality to prevent extubation failures in preterm infants. However, it is not favoured in TEF/EA, because of the theoretical risk of oesophageal anastomotic leak (AL). The aim of this study was to find out if post‐extubation CPAP is associated with increased risk of AL.MethodsRetrospective cohort study (2007–2014).ResultsFifty‐one infants underwent primary repair in the newborn period. Median age at surgery was 24 h (interquartile range: 12, 24). In the post‐extubation period, 10 received CPAP, whereas 41 did not. The median post‐operative day at the commencement of CPAP was 2.5 days (interquartile range: 1, 6 days). Zero out of 10 in the CPAP group and 4/41 in the ‘no CPAP’ group developed AL on routine post‐operative contrast studies (P = 0.57). Zero out of 10 in the CPAP group and 1/41 in the ‘no CPAP group’ developed recurrence of TEF necessitating re‐surgery (P = 1.00). The neonate with recurrent fistula also had coarctation of aorta and needed protracted hospitalisation of 6 months, mainly because of the recurrence of TEF.ConclusionThe use of CPAP in the immediate post‐extubation period after corrective surgery for TEF/EA appears to be safe and may not be associated with increased risk of AL or recurrence of the fistula. Information from other centres, surveys and large databases is needed to define the benefits and risks of use of CPAP in these infants.
Multiple paternity in the common long‐armed octopusOctopus minor(Sasaki, 1920) (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) as revealed by microsatelliteDNAanalysis
Authors: Bo Qi‐Kang , Zheng Xiao‐Dong , Gao Xiao‐Lei , Li Qi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMultiple paternity was assessed inOctopus minorusing microsatelliteDNAmarkers.Octopus minoradults were captured in traps and kept in indoor cement ponds. The females spawned after several days. Ten broods (B1–B10), each containing 15 embryos and the maternal octopus, were maintained until the embryos reached the stage at whichDNAcould be extracted and used for genotyping. Multiple paternity was tested using five microsatelliteDNAmarkers and the results proved the hypothesis that multiple paternity occurs inO. minor(observed in six out of the 10 broods). Analysis withGERUDsoftware gave the minimum number of fathers and showed that four broods were sired by a single male, three were sired by two different males and three were sired by three different males. In brood B10, the number of fathers identified by the single‐locus method was one fewer than that by theGERUDmethod. Of the six multiple paternity broods, four (66.7%) showed significant skew from equal paternal contributions, which indicated that sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice may be important for post‐copulatory paternity bias in this species.
Yoga Improves Academic Performance in Urban High School Students Compared to Physical Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hagins Marshall , Rundle Andrew 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTYoga programs within schools have become more widespread but research regarding the potential effect on academic achievement remains limited. This study cluster‐randomized 112 students within a single New York City public high school to participate in either school‐based yoga or physical education (PE) for an entire academic year. The primary outcome was mean annual grade point average (GPA). Psychosocial variables (self‐regulation, executive function, well‐being, and mindfulness) were examined as mediators. The study's primary hypothesis that yoga would improve academic performance was not supported by intent to treat analysis; however, a significant interaction was observed between class assignment and class participation. Among students with higher participation, those assigned to yoga classes had a significantly higher GPA. For example, at 49 classes of participation for both groups, students assigned to yoga classes had an estimated 2.70 higher mean GPA (effect size = 0.31) than students assigned to PE.
Swimming and twitching motility are essential for attachment and virulence of Pantoea ananatis in onion seedlings
Authors: Weller‐Stuart Tania , Toth Ian , De Maayer Pieter , Coutinho Teresa 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPantoea ananatis is a widespread phytopathogen with a broad host range. Despite its ability to infect economically important crops, such as maize, rice and onion, relatively little is known about how this bacterium infects and colonizes host tissue or spreads within and between hosts. To study the role of motility in pathogenicity, we analysed both swimming and twitching motility in P. ananatis LMG 20103. Genetic recombineering was used to construct four mutants affected in motility. Two flagellar mutants were disrupted in the flgK and motA genes, required for flagellar assembly and flagellar rotation, respectively. Similarly, two twitching motility mutants were generated, impaired in the structure (pilA) and functioning (pilT) of the type IV pili. The role of swimming and twitching motility during the infection cycle of P. ananatis in onion seedlings was determined by comparing the mutant‐ and wild‐type strains using several in vitro and in planta assays. From the results obtained, it was evident that flagella aid P. ananatis in locating and attaching to onion leaf surfaces, as well as in pathogenicity, whereas twitching motility is instrumental in the spread of the bacteria on the surface once attachment has occurred. Both swimming and twitching motility contribute towards the ability of P. ananatis to cause disease in onions.
Activism After DACA: Lessons from Chicago's Immigrant Youth Justice League
Authors: Mena Robles Jorge , Gomberg‐Muñoz Ruth 
Published: May 2016

AbstractScholars of unauthorized migration have generally agreed that a lack of legal status can constrain undocumented workers’ resistance to their marginalization and exploitative treatment. Yet in recent years, undocumented workers and youth have been at the forefront of immigrant rights mobilizations and have organized around their status as undocumented people. In this article, we explore how the conferral of a conditional immigration status has affected undocumented youth activism. In particular, we show that the implementation of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2012 had varied and complicated consequences for youth activism in Chicago—at once stifling the urgency of comprehensive immigration reform and galvanizing efforts to expand and strengthen protections against deportation. More broadly, we consider how prolonged states of liminal legality (Menjivar 2006) bring people more tightly under the purview of state surveillance without removing their vulnerability to deportation.
Not One More: Linking Civil Disobediences and Public Anti‐Deportation Campaigns
Authors: Marquez‐Benitez Gabriela , Pallares Amalia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article analyzes the recent development of an anti‐deportation movement with distinct strategies and tactics that distinguish it from previous immigrant rights activism centered on immigration reform. We study the strategies and tactics of the anti‐deportation movement, focusing on the strategies of non‐staged civil disobediences and anti‐deportation campaigns. We argue that the specific tactics used in these alternative strategies a) depart from normative activism and b) challenge dominant perceptions about undocumented immigrants.
Good outcome case of anterior cerebral artery dissection that was treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and trapping with A3‐A3 anastomosis surgery
Authors: Sugimura Yusuke , Koike Kazunari , Terao Satoshi , Asada Hideo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA 41‐year‐old Japanese man was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke in the emergency room. He was given recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within a suitable time frame and symptoms were improved. However, follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging showed asymptomatic expansion of the ischemic infarction, and 3‐D computed tomography angiography showed the pearl and string sign of the left anterior cerebral artery. Then, trapping with A3‐A3 anastomosis surgery was successfully carried out. This is a very rare case of a patient who was treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and had a good outcome, and also had trapping with A3‐A3 anastomosis surgery for an anterior cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm. However, because the pathology was determined to be dissection to the outer membrane, there was a risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage during the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Cerebral arterial dissection is a disease that should not be forgotten, and that treatment is very difficult.
Genome sizes for 71 species of Zamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) correspond with three different biogeographic regions
Authors: Zonneveld B. J. M. , Lindström A. J. 
Published: May 2016

Nuclear DNA contents (2C‐value) are reported for 71 out of 76 accepted species of Zamia (Zamiaceae) using flow cytometry with propidium iodide. Nuclear DNA content in Zamia ranges between 33.7 and 45.7 pg. Despite this small range, the largest genome contains roughly 1010 more base pairs than the smallest genome.The results for Zamia point to two centers of biogeographic distribution: Mexico and Colombia. Nicaragua seems to be the biogeographic boundary for these two centres for Zamia. To the north, genome sizes of 33.7–38.0 pg (average 35.6 pg) are found and to the south (Costa Rica, Panama and South America) 41.2–45.7 pg (average 42.9 pg). Plants from the Caribbean islands (including Florida) have intermediate genome sizes with 37.3–40.9 pg (average 38.7 pg). Costa Rica and Panama are in a transition zone and its species can be divided into three subsections: four species with ‘Caribbean’ values of 38.4–39.5 pg (average 39.0 pg), six species with ‘South American’ values with 42.7–43.6 pg, (average 42.9 pg, and six species with intermediate values ranging between 40.1–41.0 pg (average 40.4 pg). The latter values are nearly absent in other areas, suggesting that they could be the products of (introgressive) hybridization. This study represents the first, nearly complete overview of the genome sizes of the genus Zamia and their relationship with biogeography.
The rising cost of hospital care for children with gastroparesis: 2004–2013
Authors: Lu P. L. , Moore‐Clingenpeel M. , Yacob D. , Di Lorenzo C. , Mousa H. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe cost of hospital care for adults with gastroparesis (GP) is increasing. Our objective was to evaluate the cost of hospital care for children with GP.MethodsUsing the Pediatric Health Information System, we selected hospitalizations with a diagnosis of GP (ICD‐9 536.3), dyspepsia and other specified disorders of function of stomach (DYS, 536.8) and unspecified functional disorder of stomach (UFD, 536.9) from 2004 to 2013. We recorded dates of hospitalization, demographics, costs, and length of stay (LOS).Key ResultsFrom 2004 to 2013, 4015 patients were admitted for GP (54.2% female, median age 8 years). Total cost of hospitalization for GP increased 5.8 fold from $6 185 390 to $35 654 075 (p = 0.0001). Cost per hospitalization did not change. Cost of initial hospitalization was highest in patients 0–5 years and lowest in patients 16–21 years (p < 0.0001). Number of hospitalizations each year for GP increased from 252 to 1310 (p < 0.0001) and unique patients hospitalized increased from 174 to 723 (p < 0.0001). Number of hospitalizations and unique patients for DYS/UFD also increased (p < 0.0001). LOS for GP did not change with time. Females and younger GP patients had more repeat hospitalizations (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001).Conclusions & InferencesThe financial burden of hospitalization for pediatric GP has increased dramatically from 2004 to 2013, driven by a rise in number of hospitalizations and unique patients hospitalized each year. Cost and LOS per hospitalization remain stable. Unlike in adults, hospitalizations for DYS/UFD have also increased, suggesting that the increase in hospitalizations for GP is not secondary to changing diagnostic practices.