bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between the Mind Twist and the Brain Spot
Authors: Abraham Tara H. 
Published: May 2017

This paper explores the material and visual practices that defined studies of psychopathology in early twentieth-century American medicine, through a close look at the work of neuropathologist Elmer E. Southard (1876–1920). As a discipline sitting at the intersection between laboratory and clinical practice, neuropathology has received little attention from historians of the brain sciences. Unlike the neurologist, who was interested in treating patients and saving lives, the neuropathologist often encountered patients following death, and studied the brain for signs of pathology during autopsy. Trained in a German tradition of laboratory pathology, Southard has been cast as a somaticist with respect to psychopathology. By examining Southard’s medical and philosophical writings, I present a more nuanced analysis of the role of brain pathology in Southard’s vision of disease etiology, his views on the foundations of psychiatry, as well as a more vivid picture of the sorts of material practices that defined the work of the neuropathologist.
Plastic Maps: The New Brain Cartographies of the 21th-Century Neurosciences
Authors: Morabito Carmela 
Published: May 2017

Ever since the phrenological heads of the early 19th century, maps have translated into images our ideas, theories and models of the brain, making this organ at one and the same time scientific object and representation. Brain maps have always served as gateways for navigating and visualizing neuroscientific knowledge, and over time many different maps have been produced – firstly as tools to “read” and analyse the cerebral territory, then as instruments to produce new models of the brain. Over the last 150 years brain cartography has evolved from a way of identifying brain regions and localizing them for clinical use to an anatomical framework onto which information about local properties and functions can be integrated to provide a view of the brain’s structural and functional architecture. In this paper a historical and epistemological consideration of the topic is offered as a contribution to the understanding of contemporary brain mapping, based on the assumption that the brain continuously rewires itself in relation to individual experience.
Diatomella colonialis, a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic Region
Authors: VAN DE VIJVER BART , LE COHU RENÉ 
Published: May 2017

During a survey of the freshwater diatom flora of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean, an unknown Diatomella taxon was observed forming long colonies using linking spines. Detailed morphological analysis based on light and scanning electron microscopical observations and comparison with all known Diatomella taxa worldwide justified the description of this unknown taxon as a new species: Diatomella colonialis sp. nov. The new taxon is characterized by the presence of marginal linking spines, the reduction of its raphe structure leaving only two short raphe slits near the apices, a very large axial area occupying almost the entire valve face and very short alveolate striae composed of paired areolae. The presence of these alveolate striae and the girdle structure with its typical scalariform valvocopula place this taxon in the genus Diatomella. The new species is described and compared with other Diatomella taxa. Notes on its distribution and ecology are added.
Human Kinematics of Cochlear Implant Surgery: An Investigation of Insertion Micro‐Motions and Speed Limitations
Authors: Kesler Kyle , Dillon Neal P. , Fichera Loris , Labadie Robert F. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesDocument human motions associated with cochlear implant electrode insertion at different speeds and determine the lower limit of continuous insertion speed by a human.Study DesignObservational.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsCochlear implant forceps were coupled to a frame containing reflective fiducials, which enabled optical tracking of the forceps’ tip position in real time. Otolaryngologists (n = 14) performed mock electrode insertions at different speeds based on recommendations from the literature: “fast” (96 mm/min), “stable” (as slow as possible without stopping), and “slow” (15 mm/min). For each insertion, the following metrics were calculated from the tracked position data: percentage of time at prescribed speed, percentage of time the surgeon stopped moving forward, and number of direction reversals (ie, going from forward to backward motion).ResultsFast insertion trials resulted in better adherence to the prescribed speed (45.4% of the overall time), no motion interruptions, and no reversals, as compared with slow insertions (18.6% of time at prescribed speed, 15.7% stopped time, and an average of 18.6 reversals per trial). These differences were statistically significant for all metrics (P <. 01). The metrics for the fast and stable insertions were comparable; however, stable insertions were performed 44% slower on average. The mean stable insertion speed was 52 ± 19.3 mm/min.ConclusionResults indicate that continuous insertion of a cochlear implant electrode at 15 mm/min is not feasible for human operators. The lower limit of continuous forward insertion is 52 mm/min on average. Guidelines on manual insertion kinematics should consider this practical limit of human motion.
A qualitative meta-summary using Sandelowski and Barroso’s method for integrating qualitative research to explore barriers and facilitators to self-care in heart failure patients
Authors: Herber Oliver Rudolf , Bücker Bettina , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Barroso Julie 
Published: May 2017

Background: Individual qualitative studies provide varied reasons for why heart failure patients do not engage in self-care, yet articles that aggregated primary studies on the subject have methodological weaknesses that justified the execution of a qualitative meta-summary. Aim: The aim of this study is to integrate the findings of qualitative studies pertaining to barriers and facilitators to self-care using meta-summary techniques. Methods: Qualitative meta-summary techniques by Sandelowski and Barroso were used to combine the findings of qualitative studies. Meta-summary techniques include: (1) extraction of relevant statements of findings from each report; (2) reduction of these statements into abstracted findings and (3) calculation of effect sizes. Databases were searched systematically for qualitative studies published between January 2010 and July 2015. Out of 2264 papers identified, 31 reports based on the accounts of 814 patients were included in the meta-summary. Results: A total of 37 statements of findings provided a comprehensive inventory of findings across all reports. Out of these statements of findings, 21 were classified as barriers, 13 as facilitators and three were classed as both barriers and facilitators. The main themes relating to barriers and facilitators to self-care were: beliefs, benefits of self-care, comorbidities, financial constraints, symptom recognition, ethnic background, inconsistent self-care, insufficient information, positive and negative emotions, organizational context, past experiences, physical environment, self-initiative, self-care adverse effects, social context and personal preferences. Conclusion: Based on the meta-findings identified in this study, future intervention development could address these barriers and facilitators in order to further enhance self-care abilities in heart failure patients.
Parental Feeding Style and Pediatric Obesity in Latino Families
Authors: Maliszewski Genevieve , Gillette Meredith Dreyer , Brown Chris , Cowden John D. 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Pediatric obesity has become an epidemic in the United States. Previous research has shown that parenting factors related to feeding style affect child weight and that Latino families are especially at risk for pediatric obesity. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between parental feeding style and child body mass index (BMI) in Latino families. Method: Latino parents of children between the ages of 2 and 8 ( N = 124) completed a survey on parental feeding styles, acculturation, and demographics. The outcome variable was child BMI. Results: Among respondents, 89% were mothers, 72% were overweight or obese, and 40% reported an indulgent feeding style. Children had a mean age of 59 months ( SD = 23.8) and a mean BMI z score of 0.77 ( SD = 1.14). A demanding parental feeding style was associated with lower child BMI z score, r = −.179, p < .05, and higher acculturation level, r = .213, p < .05. Conclusions: Findings from the current study can be used to inform health care practitioners of the need to use culturally sensitive interventions that consider parents’ feeding behaviors. Future research is warranted in the area of ethnic variations of parenting and how these affect feeding and obesity in this highly vulnerable population.
Complication Rates in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) Surgery With Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: Medicare Population
Authors: Alobaidaan Raed , Cohen Jeremiah R. , Lord Elizabeth L. , Buser Zorica , Yoon S. Tim , Youssef Jim A. , Park Jong-Beom , Brodke Darrel S. , Wang Jeffrey C. , Meisel Hans-Joerg 
Published: May 2017

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study among Medicare beneficiaries who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery. Objective: To identify the complication rates associated with the use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in PLIF. Human BMP2 is commonly used in the “off-label” manner for various types of spine fusion procedures, including PLIF. However, recent studies have reported potential complications associated with the recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) use in the posterior approach. Methods: Medicare records within the PearlDiver database were queried for patients undergoing PLIF procedure with and without rhBMP2 between 2005 and 2010. We evaluated complications within 1 year postoperatively. Chi-square was used to compare the complication rates between the 2 groups. Results: A total of 8609 patients underwent PLIF procedure with or without rhBMP2. Individual complication rates in the rhBMP2 group ranged from 0.45% to 7.68% compared with 0.65% to 10.99 in the non-rhBMP2 group. Complication rates for cardiac, pulmonary, lumbosacral neuritis, infection, wound, and urinary tract (include acute kidney failure and post-operative complications) were significantly lower in the rhBMP2 group ( P < .05). There was no difference in the rates of central nervous system complications or radiculitis between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our data showed that the patients who received rhBMP2 had lower complication rates compared to the non-rhBMP2 group. However, use of rhBMP2 was associated with a higher rate of pseudarthrosis. We did not observe any difference in radiculitis and central nervous system complications between the groups.
A Meta-Analysis of Cervical Laminoplasty Techniques: Are Mini-Plates Superior?
Authors: Humadi Ali , Chao Tat , Dawood Sulaf , Tacey Mark , Barmare Arshad , Freeman Brian 
Published: May 2017

Study Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review of literature. Objective: In the late 1990s, spinal surgeons experimented by using maxillofacial fixation plates as an alternative to sutures, anchors, and local spinous process autografts to provide a more rigid and lasting fixation for laminoplasty. This eventually led to the advent of laminoplasty mini-plates, which are currently used. The objective is to compare laminoplasty techniques with plate and without plate with regard to functional outcome results. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to evaluate the currently available studies in an attempt to justify the use of a plate in laminoplasty. Results: The principal finding of this study was that there was no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome between the 2 different techniques of laminoplasty. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence in the literature to support one technique over the other, and hence, there is no evidence to support change in practice (using or not using the plate in laminoplasty). A randomized controlled trial will give a better comparison between the 2 groups.
Easi-CRISPR: a robust method for one-step generation of mice carrying conditional and insertion alleles using long ssDNA donors and CRISPR ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Quadros Rolen M. , Miura Hiromi , Harms Donald W. , Akatsuka Hisako , Sato Takehito , Aida Tomomi , Redder Ronald , Richardson Guy P. , Inagaki Yutaka , Sakai Daisuke , Buckley Shannon M. , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Batra Surinder K. , Behlke Mark A. , Zeiner Sarah A. , Jacobi Ashley M. , Izu Yayoi , Thoreson Wallace B. , Urness Lisa D. , Mansour Suzanne L. , Ohtsuka Masato , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Conditional knockout mice and transgenic mice expressing recombinases, reporters, and inducible transcriptional activators are key for many genetic studies and comprise over 90% of mouse models created. Conditional knockout mice are generated using labor-intensive methods of homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells and are available for only ~25% of all mouse genes. Transgenic mice generated by random genomic insertion approaches pose problems of unreliable expression, and thus there is a need for targeted-insertion models. Although CRISPR-based strategies were reported to create conditional and targeted-insertion alleles via one-step delivery of targeting components directly to zygotes, these strategies are quite inefficient.

Results
Here we describe Easi-CRISPR (Efficient additions with ssDNA inserts-CRISPR), a targeting strategy in which long single-stranded DNA donors are injected with pre-assembled crRNA + tracrRNA + Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (ctRNP) complexes into mouse zygotes. We show for over a dozen loci that Easi-CRISPR generates correctly targeted conditional and insertion alleles in 8.5–100% of the resulting live offspring.

Conclusions
Easi-CRISPR solves the major problem of animal genome engineering, namely the inefficiency of targeted DNA cassette insertion. The approach is robust, succeeding for all tested loci. It is versatile, generating both conditional and targeted insertion alleles. Finally, it is highly efficient, as treating an average of only 50 zygotes is sufficient to produce a correctly targeted allele in up to 100% of live offspring. Thus, Easi-CRISPR offers a comprehensive means of building large-scale Cre-LoxP animal resources.
Comparison of FDG PET metabolic tumour volume versus ADC histogram: prognostic value of tumour treatment response and survival in patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Ueno Yoshiko , Lisbona Robert , Tamada Tsutomu , Alaref Amer , Sugimura Kazuro , Reinhold Caroline 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the prognostic utility of volume-based parameters of fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis for tumour response to therapy and event-free survival (EFS) in patients with uterine cervical cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy.

Methods:
The study included 21 patients diagnosed with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer who underwent pre-treatment MRI and 18F-FDG PET and were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. 18F-FDG parameters: maximum and mean standardized uptake value; metabolic tumour volume (MTV); total lesion glycolysis (TLG); ADC parameters: maximum, mean and minimum values; percentile ADC values (10–90%); skewness and kurtosis of ADC were measured and compared between the responder and non-responder groups using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were performed for EFS analysis.

Results:
MTV and TLG of the primary tumour were significantly higher in the non-responder group than in the responder group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01). Applying Cox regression multivariate analysis, MTV [hazard ratio (HR), 4.725; p = 0.036], TLG (HR, 4.725; p = 0.036) and 10-percentile ADC (HR, 5.207; p = 0.048) showed a statistically significant association with EFS. With the optimal cut-off value, the EFS rates above the cut-off value for MTV and TLG were significantly lower than that below the cut-off value (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Pre-treatment volume-based quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET may have better potential than ADC histogram for predicting treatment response and EFS in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Advances in knowledge:
In this study, pre-treatment volume-based quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET had better potential than ADC histogram for predicting treatment response and survival in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.
Optimal Approximation for Submodular and Supermodular Optimization with Bounded Curvature
Authors: Sviridenko Maxim , Vondrák Jan , Ward Justin 
Published: May 2017

We design new approximation algorithms for the problems of optimizing submodular and supermodular functions subject to a single matroid constraint. Specifically, we consider the case in which we wish to maximize a monotone increasing submodular function or minimize a monotone decreasing supermodular function with a bounded total curvature c. Intuitively, the parameter c represents how nonlinear a function f is: when c = 0, f is linear, while for c = 1, f may be an arbitrary monotone increasing submodular function. For the case of submodular maximization with total curvature c, we obtain a (1 − c/e)-approximation—the first improvement over the greedy algorithm of of Conforti and Cornuéjols from 1984, which holds for a cardinality constraint, as well as a recent analogous result for an arbitrary matroid constraint. Our approach is based on modifications of the continuous greedy algorithm and nonoblivious local search, and allows us to approximately maximize the sum of a nonnegative, monotone increasing submodular function and a (possibly negative) linear function. We show how to reduce both submodular maximization and supermodular minimization to this general problem when the objective function has bounded total curvature. We prove that the approximation results we obtain are the best possible in the value oracle model, even in the case of a cardinality constraint. We define an extension of the notion of curvature to general monotone set functions and show a (1 − c)-approximation for maximization and a 1/(1 − c)-approximation for minimization cases. Finally, we give two concrete applications of our results in the settings of maximum entropy sampling, and the column-subset selection problem.
REFLEXIONES TEÓRICAS O METODOLÓGICAS: ¿Qué modelos de enseñanza se pueden encontrar en las clases de biología en la escuela secundaria?
Authors: Zapata Rocío De los Milagros 
Published: May 2017

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo poner en discusión el desarrollo de las clases de biología en la escuela secundaria, poniendo la mirada en la práctica docente a la hora de organizar y desenvolver las clases. Para esto, tomaré como referencia los enfoques o modelos de enseñanza de la ciencia, a partir de realizar una indagación de los diversos autores y su correspondiente descripción. Como resultado de la exploración realizada se releva en los especialistas un acuerdo en encontrar clases que se correlacionan con el enfoque tradicional, o mezclas de los modelos que generan un hibrido en la práctica; junto con motivos explícitos o implícitos en cada docente que llevan a la utilización intencional o no del modelo. Esta problematización de la práctica, es preliminar a un trabajo de investigación que incluirá elestudio de casos concretos de docentes en biología y sus clases, a realizar posteriormente.
EXPERIENCIAS PEDAGÓGICAS: Educación alimentaria nutricional: desafío universidad- escuela- comunidad
Authors: Ortigoza Liliana D. V. , Sedlacek Natalia M. , Pacheco Jimena N. , Dezar Gimena V. A. 
Published: May 2017

La Educación Alimentaria Nutricional (EAN) se utilizó en esta experiencia como herramienta estratégica a fin de fortalecer vínculos entre universidad y comunidad. La EAN se propone como catalizador en seguridad y soberanía alimentaria, nutrición comunitaria e intervenciones en salud. Desde el interés conjunto de la escuela secundaria pública No 0684, la Facultad deBioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) y el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de Santa Fe, se desarrollaron acciones interdisciplinarias participando docentes del ciclo inicial y superior de la carrera de Licenciatura en Nutrición (LN) FBCB-UNL, estudiantes avanzados de LN, directivos, docentes y alumnos de la escuela, interesados en su propia salud y el bienestar de la comunidad. El objetivo del presente artículo es dara conocer las distintas etapas que se llevaron a cabo para la concreción y desarrollo de un Proyecto de Extensión de Interés Social con eje en EAN, como así también las valoraciones de los futuros egresados en relación al proyecto. Se generaron redes tendientes a promover la EAN por parte de alumnos, Instituciones escolares, Universidad, hacia la comunidad. El desarrollo del proyecto mencionado dio lugar a experiencias educativas contextualizadas, permitiendo así integrar la docencia con la extensión.
INVESTIGACIONES EDUCATIVAS 87: El discurso científico sobre el papel: la importancia de la redacción de tareas
Authors: Lorenzo Gabriela M. 
Published: May 2017

La formación docente de profesores universitarios en actividad debe ser pensada de manera singular, vinculada a sus propias prácticas disciplinares. Esto implica un desafío a la hora de presentar propuestas que resulten estimulantes y novedosas para ellos y que a su vez, les permitan recuperar su experiencia como estudiantes. En este trabajo presentamos una actividad diseñada en el marco de la asignatura Didáctica y Epistemología de las Ciencias de la Saluden la Carrera Docente de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y que ha sido implementada en numerosos dispositivos de formación y capacitación docente. Presentaremos inicialmente los fundamentos teóricos que fundamentaron su diseño, relativos al lenguaje científico y a las competencias comunicativas de los profesores y los alumnos, para a continuación discutir sobre la actividad y mostrar algunos resultados de suimplementación que ponen contundentemente en evidencia la importancia de la redacción de las consignas en la calidad de los aprendizajes que se promueven en los estudiantes.