bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eEF1A1 binds and enriches protoporphyrin IX in cancer cells in 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fan Zhichao , Cui Xiaojun , Wei Dan , Liu Wei , Li Buhong , He Hao , Ye Huamao , Zhu Naishuo , Wei Xunbin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is endogenously derived from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or its derivatives, is a promising modality for the treatment of both pre-malignant and malignant lesions. However, the mechanisms of how ALA-induced PpIX selectively accumulated in the tumors are not fully elucidated. Here we discovered that eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (eEF1A1) interacted with PpIX (with an affinity constant of 2.96 × 106 M−1). Microscopy imaging showed that ALA-induced PpIX was co-localized with eEF1A1 in cancer cells. eEF1A1 was found to enrich ALA-induced PpIX in cells by competitively blocking the downstream bioavailability of PpIX. Taken together, our study discovered eEF1A1 as a novel photosensitizer binding protein, which may play an essential role in the enrichment of ALA-induced PpIX in cancer cells during PDT. These suggested eEF1A1 as a molecular marker to predict the selectivity and efficiency of 5-ALA based PDT in cancer therapy.
A new structure of two-dimensional allotropes of group V elements
Authors: Li Ping , Luo Weidong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, silicene, germanene, and black phosphorus have attracted considerable attention due to their fascinating physical properties. Structurally they possess the honeycomb or distorted honeycomb lattices, which are composed of six-atom rings. Here we find a new structure of 2D allotropes of group V elements composed of eight-atom rings, which we name as the octagonal tiling (OT) structure. First-principles calculations indicate that these allotropes are dynamically stable and are also thermally stable at temperatures up to 600 K. These allotropes are semiconductors with band gaps ranging from 0.3 to 2.0 eV, thus they are potentially useful in near- and mid-infrared optoelectronic devices. OT-Bi is also a 2D topological insulator (TI) with a band gap of 0.33 eV, which is the largest among the reported elemental 2D TIs, and this gap can be increased further by applying compressive strains.
Communicative signals support abstract rule learning by 7-month-old infants
Authors: Ferguson Brock , Lew-Williams Casey 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the discovery of abstract rules like those found in natural language may be evolutionarily tuned to speech, according to previous research. When infants hear speech sounds, they can learn rules that govern their combination, but when they hear non-speech sounds such as sine-wave tones, they fail to do so. Here we show that infants’ rule learning is not tied to speechper se, but is instead enhanced more broadly by communicative signals. In two experiments, infants succeeded in learning and generalizing rules from tones that were introduced as if they could be used to communicate. In two control experiments, infants failed to learn the very same rules when familiarized to tones outside of a communicative exchange. These results reveal that infants’ attention to social agents and communication catalyzes a fundamental achievement of human learning.
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against Ultra-violet radiation via activation of Akt-mTORC1-dependent Nrf2-HO-1 signaling
Authors: Li Ke-ran , Yang Su-qing , Gong Yi-qing , Yang Hong , Li Xiu-miao , Zhao Yu-xia , Yao Jin , Jiang Qin , Cao Cong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExcessive UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell injuries. Nrf2 regulates transcriptional activation of many anti-oxidant genes. Here, we tested the potential role of 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) against UV or ROS damages in cultured RPE cells (both primary cells and ARPE-19 line). We showed that D3T significantly inhibited UV-/H2O2-induced RPE cell death and apoptosis. UV-stimulated ROS production was dramatically inhibited by D3T pretreatment. D3T induced Nrf2 phosphorylation in cultured RPE cells, causing Nrf2 disassociation with KEAP1 and its subsequent nuclear accumulation. This led to expression of antioxidant response elements (ARE)-dependent gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Nrf2-HO-1 activation was required for D3T-mediated cytoprotective effect. Nrf2 shRNA knockdown or S40T dominant negative mutation as well as the HO-1 inhibitor Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) largely inhibited D3T’s RPE cytoprotective effects against UV radiation. Yet, exogenous overexpression Nrf2 enhanced D3T’s activity in RPE cells. Further studies showed that D3T activated Akt/mTORC1 in cultured RPE cells. Akt-mTORC1 inhibitors, or Akt1 knockdown by shRNA, not only inhibited D3T-induced Nrf2-HO-1 activation, but also abolished the RPE cytoprotective effects. In vivo, D3T intravitreal injection protected from light-induced retinal dysfunctions in mice. Thus, D3T protects RPE cells from UV-induced damages via activation of Akt-mTORC1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling axis.
How maize monoculture and increasing winter rainfall have brought the hibernating European hamster to the verge of extinction
Authors: Tissier Mathilde L. , Handrich Yves , Robin Jean-Patrice , Weitten Mathieu , Pevet Paul , Kourkgy Charlotte , Habold Caroline 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOver the last decades, climate change and agricultural intensification have been identified as two major phenomena negatively affecting biodiversity. However, little is known about their effects on the life-history traits of hibernating species living in agro-ecosystems. The European hamster (Cricetus cricetus), once a common rodent on agricultural land, is now on the verge of extinction in France. Despite the implemented measures for its protection, populations are still in sharp decline but the reasons for it remain unclear. To investigate how environmental change has affected this hibernating rodent, we used a data set based on 1468 recordings of hamster body mass at emergence from hibernation from 1937 to 2014. We reveal the adverse effects of increasing winter rainfall and maize monoculture intensification on the body mass of wild hamsters. Given the links that exist between body mass, reproductive success and population dynamics in mammals, these results are of particular importance to understand the decline of this species. In view of the rates of maize monoculture intensification and the predicted increase in winter rainfall, it is of the utmost importance to improve land management in Western Europe to avoid the extinction of this species.
Directional Selection from Host Plants Is a Major Force Driving Host Specificity in Magnaporthe Species
Authors: Zhong Zhenhui , Norvienyeku Justice , Chen Meilian , Bao Jiandong , Lin Lianyu , Chen Liqiong , Lin Yahong , Wu Xiaoxian , Cai Zena , Zhang Qi , Lin Xiaoye , Hong Yonghe , Huang Jun , Xu Linghong , Zhang Honghong , Chen Long , Tang Wei , Zheng Huakun , Chen Xiaofeng , Wang Yanli , Lian Bi , Zhang Liangsheng , Tang Haibao , Lu Guodong , Ebbole Daniel J. , Wang Baohua , Wang Zonghua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne major threat to global food security that requires immediate attention, is the increasing incidence of host shift and host expansion in growing number of pathogenic fungi and emergence of new pathogens. The threat is more alarming because, yield quality and quantity improvement efforts are encouraging the cultivation of uniform plants with low genetic diversity that are increasingly susceptible to emerging pathogens. However, the influence of host genome differentiation on pathogen genome differentiation and its contribution to emergence and adaptability is still obscure. Here, we compared genome sequence of 6 isolates of Magnaporthe species obtained from three different host plants. We demonstrated the evolutionary relationship between Magnaporthe species and the influence of host differentiation on pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that evolution of pathogen directly corresponds with host divergence, suggesting that host-pathogen interaction has led to co-evolution. Furthermore, we identified an asymmetric selection pressure on Magnaporthe species. Oryza sativa-infecting isolates showed higher directional selection from host and subsequently tends to lower the genetic diversity in its genome. We concluded that, frequent gene loss or gain, new transposon acquisition and sequence divergence are host adaptability mechanisms for Magnaporthe species and this coevolution processes is greatly driven by directional selection from host plants.
Trafficking of Endogenous Immunoglobulins by Endothelial Cells at the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Villaseñor Roberto , Ozmen Laurence , Messaddeq Nadia , Grüninger Fiona , Loetscher Hansruedi , Keller Annika , Betsholtz Christer , Freskgård Per-Ola , Collin Ludovic 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) restricts access of large molecules to the brain. The low endocytic activity of brain endothelial cells (BECs) is believed to limit delivery of immunoglobulins (IgG) to the brain parenchyma. Here, we report that endogenous mouse IgG are localized within intracellular vesicles at steady state in BECs in vivo. Using high-resolution quantitative microscopy, we found a fraction of endocytosed IgG in lysosomes. We observed that loss of pericytes (key components of the BBB) in pdgf-bret/ret mice affects the intracellular distribution of endogenous mouse IgG in BECs. In these mice, endogenous IgG was not detected within lysosomes but instead accumulate at the basement membrane and brain parenchyma. Such IgG accumulation could be due to reduced lysosomal clearance and increased sorting to the abluminal membrane of BECs. Our results suggest that, in addition to low uptake from circulation, IgG lysosomal degradation may be a downstream mechanism by which BECs further restrict IgG access to the brain.
PCB‐integrated thin film thermocouples for transient temperature measurement
Authors: Wang WenLian , Zhang Hui , Du XiaoJun , Sun YouYi 
Published: May 2016

A thin film thermocouple (TFTC) on printed circuit board (PCB) substrate is investigated for measuring transient high temperature. The thermal conductivity of PCB is smaller than that of ceramic, which indicates less influence of substrate on heat conduction of TFTC. Therefore, PCB is suitable to make fast response sensors although it cannot withstand continuous high temperature as ceramic. On the other hand, the TFTC is fabricated on the PCB with measurement circuit together, which integrates a miniature measurement unit. A k‐type TFTC was fabricated by magnetron sputtering while the film naturally connected with tracks of PCB, which achieves an integration of the sensor with measurement circuit. Experimental result indicates that the response time of TFTC is less than 2 ms.
First-principles study of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of double perovskite Sr2FeReO6 containing various imperfections*
Authors: Zhang Yan , Duan Li , Ji Vincent , Xu Ke-Wei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of double perovskite Sr2FeReO6 containing eight different imperfections of FeRe or ReFe antisites, Fe1–Re1 or Fe1–Re4 interchanges, VFe, VRe, VO or VSr vacancies have been studied by using the first-principles projector augmented wave (PAW) within generalized gradient approximation as well as taking into account the on-site Coulomb repulsive interaction (GGA+U). No obvious structural changes are observed for the imperfect Sr2FeReO6 containing FeRe or ReFe antisites, Fe1–Re1 or Fe1–Re4 interchanges, or VSr vacancy defects. However, the six (eight) nearest oxygen neighbors of the vacancy move away from (close to) VFe or VRe (VO) vacancies. The half-metallic (HM) character is maintained for the imperfect Sr2FeReO6 containing FeRe or ReFe antisites, Fe1–Re4 interchange, VFe, VO or VSr vacancies, while it vanishes when the Fe1–Re1 interchange or VRe vacancy is presented. So the Fe1–Re1 interchange and the VRe vacancy defects should be avoided to preserve the HM character of Sr2FeReO6 and thus usage in spintronic devices. In the FeRe or ReFe antisites, Fe1–Re1 or Fe1–Re4 interchanges cases, the spin moments of the Fe (Re) cations situated on Re (Fe) antisites are in an antiferromagnetic coupling with those of the Fe (Re) cations on the regular sites. In the VFe, VRe, VO, or VSr vacancies cases, a ferromagnetic coupling is obtained within each cation sublattice, while the two cation sublattices are coupled antiferromagnetically. The total magnetic moments μ
tot (μ
B/f.u.) of the imperfect Sr2FeReO6 containing eight different defects decrease in the sequence of VSr vacancy (3.50), VRe vacancy (3.43), FeRe antisite (2.74), VO vacancy (2.64), VFe vacancy (2.51), ReFe antisite (2.29), Fe1–Re4 interchange (1.96), Fe1–Re1 interchange (1.87), and the mechanisms of the saturation magnetization reduction have been analyzed.
Homeostatic responses regulate selfish mitochondrial genome dynamics inC. elegans
Authors: Gitschlag Bryan L. , Kirby Cait S. , Samuels David C. , Gangula Rama D. , Mallal Simon A. , Patel Maulik R. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySelfish genetic elements have profound biological and evolutionary consequences. Mutant mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) can be viewed as selfish genetic elements that persist in a state of heteroplasmy despite having potentially deleterious consequences to the organism. We sought to investigate mechanisms that allow selfish mtDNA to achieve and sustain high levels. Here, we establish a large 3.1kb deletion bearing mtDNA variantuaDf5as abona fideselfish genome in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Next, using droplet digital PCR to quantify mtDNA copy number, we show thatuaDf5mutant mtDNA replicates in addition to, not at the expense of, wildtype mtDNA. These data suggest existence of homeostatic copy number control for wildtype mtDNA that is exploited byuaDf5to ‘hitchhike’ to high frequency. We also observe activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in animals withuaDf5. Loss of UPRmtresults in a decrease inuaDf5frequency whereas constitutive activation of UPRmtincreasesuaDf5levels. These data suggest that UPRmtallowsuaDf5levels to increase. Interestingly, the decreaseduaDf5levels in absence of UPRmtrecover in parkin mutants lacking mitophagy, suggesting that UPRmtprotectsuaDf5from mitophagy. We propose that cells activate two homeostatic responses, mtDNA copy number control and UPRmt, inuaDf5heteroplasmic animals. Inadvertently, these homeostatic responses allowuaDf5levels to be higher than they would be otherwise. In conclusion, our data suggest that homeostatic stress response mechanisms play an important role in regulating selfish mitochondrial genome dynamics.
The impact of financial reforms on bank’s interest margins: a panel data analysis
Authors: Faizan Iftikhar Syed 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is investigate the impact of financial reforms, financial liberalization and banking regulation and supervision policies on net interest margins by using the BankScope database of 76 economies.Design/methodology/approachThe micro-panel data of more than 1,300 banks of 76 developed and developing economies over the period 2001-2005 have been used to investigate the relationships of financial reform, financial liberalization, banking supervision and regulation with net interest margins by using dynamic two-step system of generalized method of moments.FindingsThe empirical results provided the evidence that financial reform have a negative and statistically significant impact on bank interest margins. Specifically, it is important to note that in a weakly regulated and supervised environment, financial liberalization has a negative and insignificant impact on net interest margins. The findings of this paper also explain that the huge entrance of banks, the removal of interest rate controls, strong banking regulation and supervision and effective liberalization policies have reduced net interest margins in sample countries.Originality/valueThe originality of this research into the existing literature is the inclusion of some recently introduced determinants such as index of financial liberalization (with range 0-3 meaning fully repressed to fully liberalize) and banking regulation and supervision, bank age and the share of foreign and government banks. This paper applies large micro-data to explore the relationship of financial reform, financial liberalization and banking regulation and supervision on net interest margins. This paper also tries to explore the relationship of different levels of liberalization and banking supervision with net interest margins in detail.
Safety and efficacy of adalimumab treatment in Japanese patients with psoriasis: Results of SALSA study
Authors: Asahina Akihiko , Torii Hideshi , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Tokimoto Toshimitsu , Hase Hidenori , Tsuchiya Tsuyoshi , Shinmura Yasuhiko , Reyes Servin Ofelia , Nakagawa Hidemi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of adalimumab were evaluated over 24 weeks in Japanese patients with psoriasis in routine clinical practice. In this multicenter, observational, open‐label, postmarketing study, primary efficacy measures included the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in all patients with psoriasis. In patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and the visual analog scale (VAS) pain were also evaluated. Safety was assessed based on the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Among patients with psoriasis evaluated for efficacy (n = 604), significant improvements from baseline were observed in mean PASI and DLQI scores at weeks 16 and 24 (all P < 0.0001). Furthermore, in psoriasis patients without PsA, the PASI 75/90 response rates were 55.9%/28.4% at week 16 (n = 306) and 65.6%/43.3% at week 24 (n = 270), respectively. In patients with PsA evaluable for effectiveness, significant improvements from baseline were observed in PASI, DAS28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, DAS28 C‐reactive protein and VAS pain at weeks 16 and 24 (all P < 0.0001). ADR and serious ADR were reported by 26.1% and 3.3%, respectively, of 731 safety evaluable patients with psoriasis; no unexpected safety findings were noted. The safety profile and effectiveness of adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis in a routine clinical setting were as expected in Japanese patients.
Linear scleroderma with prominent multiple lymphadenopathy followed by the development of polymyositis: A case report and review of published work
Authors: Takahashi Takehiro , Asano Yoshihide , Hirakawa Maiko , Nakamura Kouki , Saigusa Ryosuke , Aozasa Naohiko , Sumida Hayakazu , Fujita Hideki , Sugaya Makoto , Ohmori Aki , Shimizu Jun , Sato Shinichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLocalized scleroderma is an inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and underlying tissues, a certain subset of which develops other autoimmune diseases on the basis of a prominent autoimmune background. We here report a unique case of linear scleroderma presenting with a sclerotic plaque on the left thigh, multiple lymphadenopathy in bilateral inguinal and para‐aortic lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly, who later developed polymyositis. We describe the detailed disease course of our case and discuss the clinical significance of multiple lymphadenopathy in localized scleroderma based on a review of published work.
Report of Chinese family with severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting syndrome caused by novel homozygous desmoglein‐1 gene mutation
Authors: Cheng Ruhong , Yan Ming , Ni Cheng , Zhang Jia , Li Ming , Yao Zhirong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecently, homozygous mutations in the desmoglein‐1 (DSG1) gene and heterozygous mutation in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene have been demonstrated to be associated with severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome (Mendelian Inheritance in Man no. 615508). We aim to identify the molecular basis for a Chinese pedigree of SAM syndrome. A Chinese pedigree of SAM syndrome was subjected to mutation detection in the DSG1 gene. Sequence analysis of the DSG1 gene and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis for gene expression of DSG1 using cDNA derived from the epidermis of patients and controls were both performed. Skin biopsies were also taken from patients for pathological study and transmission electron microscopy observation. Novel homozygous splicing mutation c.1892‐1delG in the exon–intron border of the DSG1 gene has been demonstrated to be associated with SAM syndrome. We report a new family of SAM syndrome of Asian decent and expand the spectrum of mutations in the DSG1 gene.
Comparative activity and functional ecology of permafrost soils and lithic niches in a hyper‐arid polar desert
Authors: Goordial Jacqueline , Davila Alfonso , Greer Charles W. , Cannam Rebecca , DiRuggiero Jocelyne , McKay Christopher P. , Whyte Lyle G. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPermafrost in the high elevation McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica ranks among the driest and coldest on Earth. Permafrost soils appear to be largely inhospitable to active microbial life, but sandstone lithic microhabitats contain a trophically simple but functional cryptoendolithic community. We used metagenomic sequencing and activity assays to examine the functional capacity of permafrost soils and cryptoendolithic communities in University Valley, one of the most extreme regions in the Dry Valleys. We found metagenomic evidence that cryptoendolithic microorganisms are adapted to the harsh environment and capable of metabolic activity at in situ temperatures, possessing a suite of stress response and nutrient cycling genes to fix carbon under the fluctuating conditions that the sandstone rock would experience during the summer months. We additionally identified genes involved in microbial competition and cooperation within the cryptoendolithic habitat. In contrast, permafrost soils have a lower richness of stress response genes, and instead the metagenome is enriched in genes involved with dormancy and sporulation. The permafrost soils also have a large presence of phage genes and genes involved in the recycling of cellular material. Our results underlie two different habitability conditions under extreme cold and dryness: the permafrost soil which is enriched in traits which emphasize survival and dormancy, rather than growth and activity; and the cryptoendolithic environment that selects for organisms capable of growth under extremely oligotrophic, arid and cold conditions. This study represents the first metagenomic interrogation of Antarctic permafrost and polar cryptoendolithic microbial communities.