bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing post‐traumatic stress disorder following childbirth and traumatic birth experiences: a systematic review
Authors: de Graaff Lisanne F. , Honig Adriaan , van Pampus Mariëlle G. , Stramrood Claire A.I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionBetween 9 and 44% of women experience giving birth as traumatic, and 3% of women develop a post‐traumatic stress disorder following childbirth. Knowledge on risk factors is abundant, but studies on treatment are limited. This study aimed to present an overview of means to prevent traumatic birth experiences and childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder.Material and methodsMajor databases [Cochrane; Embase; PsycINFO; PubMed (Medline)] were searched using combinations of the key words and their synonyms.ResultsAfter screening titles and abstracts and reading 135 full‐text articles, 13 studies were included. All evaluated secondary prevention, and none primary prevention. Interventions included debriefing, structured psychological interventions, expressive writing interventions, encouraging skin‐to‐skin contact with healthy newborns immediately postpartum and holding or seeing the newborn after stillbirth. The large heterogeneity of study characteristics precluded pooling of data. The writing interventions to express feelings appeared to be effective in prevention. A psychological intervention including elements of exposure and psycho‐education seemed to lead to fewer post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in women who delivered via emergency cesarean section.ConclusionsNo research has been done on primary prevention of traumatic childbirth. Research on secondary prevention of traumatic childbirth and post‐traumatic stress disorder following delivery provides insufficient evidence that the described interventions are effective in unselected groups of women. In certain subgroups, results are inhomogeneous.
The influence of delayed cord clamping and cord milking on inflammatory cytokines in umbilical vein and neonatal circulation
Authors: Daskalakis George , Papapanagiotou Angeliki , Siristatidis Charalambos , Drakakis Petros , Mole Ioanna , Barbouni Anastasia , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Pergialiotis Vasilios 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to compare the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and interleukins (IL) 1, 6, 8 and 10 in the umbilical cord and neonatal circulation among neonates with early and late cord clamping.Material and methodsA consecutive series of 76 cases of uncomplicated pregnancy and an uneventful parturition was evaluated. In 40 cases, delayed cord clamping was used and in the remaining 36, early cord clamping was practiced. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical vein immediately after cord clamping and at 24 h from the median cubital or basilic vein of the neonate.ResultsSignificant differences were noted in the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels at 24 h that favored delayed clamping. None of the evaluated markers of inflammation differ between the two groups. Spearman's rho revealed a significant correlation between umbilical cord TNF‐α and TNF‐α neonatal values at 24 h (r = 0.551, p = 0.022) in the early clamped group. Significant correlations were also noted between umbilical cord TNF‐α and TNF‐α neonatal values at 24 h (r = 0.728, p = 0.001), umbilical cord IL‐10 and neonatal IL‐10 at 24 h (r = 0.487, p = 0.047) and umbilical cord IL‐1b and neonatal IL‐1b at 24 h (r = 0.516, p = 0.034).ConclusionsDelayed cord clamping or cord milking does not alter the levels of inflammatory cytokines in cord blood and neonatal serum. Future studies should evaluate the impact of delayed cord clamping in selected high‐risk pregnancies.
Correlation between morphological characteristics in spectral‐domain‐optical coherence tomography, different functional tests and a patient's subjective handicap in acute central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Gerendas Bianca S. , Kroisamer Julia‐Sophie , Buehl Wolf , Rezar‐Dreindl Sandra M. , Eibenberger Katharina M. , Pablik Eleonore , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Sacu Stefan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify quantitatively measurable morphologic optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in patients with an acute episode of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and evaluate their correlation to functional and psychological variables for their use in daily clinical practice.MethodsRetinal thickness (RT), the height, area and volume of subretinal fluid (SRF)/pigment epithelium detachments were evaluated using the standardized procedures of the Vienna Reading Center. These morphologic characteristics were compared with functional variables [best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), retinal sensitivity/microperimetry, fixation stability], and patients’ subjective handicap from CSC using the National Eye Institute 25‐item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ‐25).ResultsData from 39 CSC patients were included in this analysis. Three different SRF height measures showed a high negative correlation (r = −0.7) to retinal sensitivity within the central 9°, which was also negatively correlated with SRF area and volume (r = −0.6). The CS score and fixation stability (fixation points within 2°) showed a moderate negative correlation (r = −0.4) with SRF height variables. Comparison of the subjective handicap with morphological characteristics in spectral‐domain (SD)‐OCT showed SRF height had the highest correlation (r = −0.4) with the subjective problems reported and overall NEI VFQ‐25 score.ConclusionIn conclusion, SRF height measured in SD‐OCT showed the best correlation with functional variables and patients’ subjective handicap caused by the disease and therefore seems to be the best variable to look at in daily clinical routine. Even though area and volume also show a correlation, these cannot be so easily measured as height and are therefore not suggested for daily clinical routine.
Systematic review of predictive risk models for adverse drug events in hospitalized patients
Authors: Falconer Nazanin , Barras Michael , Cottrell Neil 
Published: January 2018

AimAn emerging approach to reducing hospital adverse drug events is the use of predictive risk scores. The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise models developed for predicting adverse drug event risk in inpatients.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were used to identify studies of predictive risk models for hospitalized adult inpatients. Studies had to have used multivariable logistic regression for model development, resulting in a score or rule with two or more variables, to predict the likelihood of inpatient adverse drug events. The Checklist for the critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) was used to critically appraise eligible studies.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Ten described the development of a new model, whilst one study revalidated and updated an existing score. Studies used different definitions for outcome but were synonymous with or closely related to adverse drug events. Four studies undertook external validation, five internally validated and two studies did not validate their model. No studies evaluated impact of risk scores on patient outcomes.ConclusionAdverse drug event risk prediction is a complex endeavour but could help to improve patient safety and hospital resource management. Studies in this review had some limitations in their methods for model development, reporting and validation. Two studies, the BADRI and Trivalle's risk scores, used better model development and validation methods and reported reasonable performance, and so could be considered for further research.
My mind, your mind, and God's mind: How children and adults conceive of different agents’ moral beliefs
Authors: Heiphetz Larisa , Lane Jonathan D. , Waytz Adam , Young Liane L. 
Published: January 2018

Extending prior research on belief attributions, we investigated the extent to which 5‐ to 8‐year‐olds and adults distinguish their beliefs and other humans’ beliefs from God's beliefs. In Study 1, children reported that all agents held the same beliefs, whereas adults drew greater distinctions among agents. For example, adults reported that God was less likely than humans to view behaviors as morally acceptable. Study 2 additionally investigated attributions of beliefs about controversial behaviours (e.g., telling prosocial lies) and belief stability. These data replicated the main results from Study 1 and additionally revealed that adults (but not children) reported that God was less likely than any other agent to think that controversial behaviours were morally acceptable. Furthermore, across ages, participants reported that another person's beliefs were more likely to change than either God's beliefs or their own beliefs. We discuss implications for theories regarding belief attributions and for religious and moral cognition.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject

Preschoolers can attribute different beliefs to different humans

Children and adults attribute greater cognitive capacities to God than to humans

What the present study adds

Children attribute the same moral beliefs to God and humans

Adults distinguish among different agents’ minds when attributing moral beliefs

Developmental differences are less pronounced in judgements of belief stability
Gabapentin prevents synaptogenesis between sensory and spinal cord neurons induced by thrombospondin‐4 acting on pre‐synaptic Cavα2δ1 subunits and involving T‐type Ca2+ channels
Authors: Yu Yanhui Peter , Gong Nian , Kweon Tae Dong , Vo Benjamin , Luo Z David 
Published: January 2018

Background and PurposeNerve injury induces concurrent up‐regulation of the voltage‐gated calcium channel subunit Cavα2δ1 and the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin‐4 (TSP4) in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord, leading to the development of a neuropathic pain state. Interactions of these proteins promote aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis that contributes to neuropathic pain state development through unknown mechanisms. We investigated the contributions of Cavα2δ1 subunits and TSP4 to synaptogenesis, and the pathways involved in vitro, and whether treatment with gabapentin could block this process and pain development in vivo.Experimental ApproachA co‐culture system of sensory and spinal cord neurons was used to study the contribution from each protein to synaptogenesis and the pathway(s) involved. Anti‐synaptogenic actions of gabapentin were studied in TSP4‐injected mice.Key ResultsOnly presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, Cavα2δ1 subunits interacted with TSP4 to initiate excitatory synaptogenesis through a pathway modulated by T‐type calcium channels. Cavα2δ1/TSP4 interactions were not required for maintenance of already formed synapses. In vivo, early, but not delayed, treatment with low‐dose gabapentin blocked this pathway and the development of the pain state.Conclusions and ImplicationsCavα2δ1/TSP4 interactions were critical for the initiation, but not for the maintenance, of abnormal synapse formation between sensory and spinal cord neurons. This process was blocked by early, but was not reversed by delayed, treatment with gabapentin. Early intervention with gabapentin may prevent the development of injury‐induced chronic pain, resulting from Cavα2δ1/TSP4‐initiated abnormal synapse formation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Uncontrolled asthmatics have increased FceRI+ and TGF‐β–positive MCTC mast cells and collagen VI in the alveolar parenchyma
Authors: Andersson C. K. , Weitoft M. , Rydell‐Törmänen K. , Bjermer L. , Westergren‐Thorsson G. , Erjefält J. S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundAsthma has been associated with increased collagen deposition in both conducting airways and alveolar parenchyma. Mast cells (MCs) are key effector cells in asthma and have the ability to affect collagen synthesis. However, the link between clinical control and changes in bronchial and alveolar MC phenotypes and specific collagens in controlled and uncontrolled asthma remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate MC phenotypes in correlation with deposition of specific collagen subtypes in patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma as well as to healthy controls.MethodsThe tissue expression of IgE+, FcεRI+ and TGF‐β+ MCs, as well as immunoreactivity of collagen I, III and VI, was assessed using immunohistochemistry on bronchial and transbronchial biopsies from controlled asthmatics (n = 9), uncontrolled asthmatics (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 8).ResultsIn the alveolar parenchyma, the total number of MCs, as well as the number of FcεRI+ MCs and pro‐fibrotic TGF‐β+ MCTC, was significantly increased in uncontrolled asthma compared to both controlled asthma and healthy controls. The proportion of TGF‐β+ MCTC correlated positively to an increased immunoreactivity of alveolar collagen VI but not collagen I and III. Collagen VI was increased in the alveolar parenchyma of uncontrolled asthmatics compared to controlled asthmatics. Controlled asthmatics had an increased deposition of alveolar collagen I. In bronchi, the immunoreactivity of collagen I was increased in both controlled and uncontrolled asthmatics while collagen III was increased only in controlled asthmatics.ConclusionsPatients with uncontrolled atopic asthma have an altered pro‐fibrotic MCTC phenotype in the alveolar parenchyma that is associated with alveolar collagen VI. The present data thus support distal lung mast cell and matrix changes as histopathological features of asthma that may be of particular clinical relevance in patients who have remaining symptoms despite conventional inhaler therapy.
Interleukin‐17A and vascular remodelling in severe asthma; lack of evidence for a direct role
Authors: Panariti A. , Baglole C. J. , Sanchez V. , Eidelman D. H. , Hussain S. , Olivenstein R. , Martin J. G. , Hamid Q. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundBronchial vascular remodelling may contribute to the severity of airway narrowing through mucosal congestion. Interleukin (IL)‐17A is associated with the most severe asthmatic phenotype but whether it might contribute to vascular remodelling is uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess vascular remodelling in severe asthma and whether IL‐17A directly or indirectly may cause endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis.MethodsBronchial vascularization was quantified in asthmatic subjects, COPD and healthy subjects together with the number of IL‐17A+ cells as well as the concentration of angiogenic factors in the sputum. The effect of IL‐17A on in vitro angiogenesis, cell migration and endothelial permeability was assessed directly on primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC‐L) or indirectly with conditioned medium derived from normal bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEC), fibroblasts (NHBF) and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) after IL‐17A stimulation.ResultsSevere asthmatics have increased vascularity compared to the other groups, which correlates positively with the concentrations of angiogenic factors in sputum. Interestingly, we demonstrated that increased bronchial vascularity correlates positively with the number of subepithelial IL‐17A+ cells. However IL‐17A had no direct effect on HMVEC‐L function but it enhanced endothelial tube formation and cell migration through the production of angiogenic factors by NHBE and ASMC.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceOur results shed light on the role of IL‐17A in vascular remodelling, most likely through stimulating the synthesis of other angiogenic factors. Knowledge of these pathways may aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Provision of information on dental implant treatment: Patients’ thoughts and experiences
Authors: Kashbour Wafa Ahmed , Rousseau Nikki S. , Thomason John Mark , Ellis Janice Sarah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo explore patients’ thoughts and perceptions of information provision regarding dental implant treatment.MethodsThis generic qualitative study involved 38 semi‐structured face‐to‐face and telephone interviews with 34 participants, who were at different stages of dental implant treatment. The interviews were transcribed verbatim. The data collection and coding process followed the principles of qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsClinical sources of information were generally trusted by patients; however, patients clearly lacked information relative to their own specific situation, concerns and preferences, and this may lead to patients’ reliance on other general sources of information. Crucial information on the long‐term prosthesis needs was requested by patients at all treatment stages. Issues concerning the longevity and functional capability of the implant restoration and the long‐term maintenance including optimisation of hygiene practice were questioned by patients and required greater explanation.ConclusionWith growing patient interest in implants for replacement of missing teeth, complete and accurate knowledge and understanding of implants should be established with patients. This should be undertaken with more reliance on reliable clinically based sources of implant information.
The timing of liver resection in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a population‐based study of current practice and survival
Authors: Vallance A. E. , van der Meulen J. , Kuryba A. , Charman S. C. , Botterill I. D. , Prasad K. R. , Hill J. , Jayne D. G. , Walker K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThere is uncertainty regarding the optimal sequence of surgery for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous liver metastases. This study was designed to describe temporal trends and inter‐hospital variation in surgical strategy, and to compare long‐term survival in a propensity score‐matched analysis.MethodThe National Bowel Cancer Audit dataset was used to identify patients diagnosed with primary CRC between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 who underwent CRC resection in the English National Health Service. Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify those with synchronous liver‐limited metastases who underwent liver resection. Survival outcomes of propensity score‐matched groups were compared.ResultsOf 1830 patients, 270 (14.8%) underwent a liver‐first approach, 259 (14.2%) a simultaneous approach and 1301 (71.1%) a bowel‐first approach. The proportion of patients undergoing either a liver‐first or simultaneous approach increased over the study period from 26.8% in 2010 to 35.6% in 2015 (P < 0.001). There was wide variation in surgical approach according to hospital trust of diagnosis. There was no evidence of a difference in 4‐year survival between the propensity score‐matched cohorts according to surgical strategy: bowel first vs simultaneous [hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80–1.06)] or bowel first vs liver first [HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.82–1.19)].ConclusionThere is evidence of wide variation in surgical strategy in dealing with CRC and synchronous liver metastases. In selected patients, the simultaneous and liver‐first strategies have comparable long‐term survival to the bowel‐first approach.
Risky Returns: The Implications of Financialization in the Food System
Authors: Clapp Jennifer , Isakson S. Ryan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines the rise of financialization in the agrifood sector and maps out both the way it has unfolded as well as its implications. The article argues that financialization has opened up new arenas for capital accumulation in the agrifood sector; reshaped the agrifood firms in ways that respond to demands of shareholders; and transformed everyday practices of food and social provisioning. The authors make the case that these three broad processes, while each important in their own right, are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. The article also argues that the complex iteration of financialization in the agrifood sector carries three important implications for the long‐term social and ecological sustainability of food and agricultural provisioning: it exacerbates the existing imbalances of power and wealth in the food system; it increases economic and ecological vulnerabilities within agrifood systems; and it has evolved in ways that impede and dampen collective demands for change and resistance. Taken together, these wider implications of financialization in the agrifood sector present a direct challenge to the ability of food systems to provide livelihoods and food security over the long term.
Apelin‐13 treatment enhances the stability of atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Fraga‐Silva Rodrigo A. , Seeman Hugo , Montecucco Fabrizio , da Silva Analina R. , Burger Fabienne , Costa‐Fraga Fabiana P. , Anguenot Léa , Mach François , dos Santos Robson A. S. , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , da Silva Rafaela F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundApelin is an endogenous peptidergic system which modulates cardiovascular function. Recent studies pointed out a fundamental contribution of apelin on atherosclerosis development; however, such reports revealed contradictory data, and to date, it is difficult to accurately define a beneficial or deleterious role. To better understand apelin function on atherosclerosis, we aimed to investigate apelin‐13 treatment effects on atherosclerotic plaques composition.DesignApolipoprotein E gene‐deleted mice were fed on Western‐type diet for 11 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was induced in the carotid artery by a shear stress modifier device, which exposes the same vessel to distinct patterns of shear stress enabling the formation of plaques with different composition. Mice were treated with apelin‐13 (2 mg kg−1 day−1) or vehicle for the last 3 weeks.ResultsApelin‐13 treatment did not alter the lipid content of low shear stress‐ and oscillatory shear stress‐induced plaques in the carotid. However, apelin‐13 greatly ameliorated plaque stability by increasing intraplaque collagen content and reducing MMP‐9 expression. Furthermore, apelin‐13 decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and intraplaque reactive oxygen species content. Interestingly, apelin‐13 treatment reduced total cholesterol, LDL levels and free fatty acid serum levels, while HDL, triglycerides serum levels were not significantly changed.ConclusionsApelin‐13 treatment for 3 weeks did not alter the lesion size, but it significantly enhanced the stable phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques and improved serum lipid profile. These results indicate that activation of apelin system decreases plaque vulnerability.
Thermal‐specific patterns of longevity and fecundity in a set of heat‐sensitive and heat‐resistant genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Stazione L. , Norry F.M. , Sambucetti P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFitness‐related traits are often affected by temperature. Heat‐resistant genotypes could influence the dependence of fitness traits on temperature, which should be important in adaptation to directional changes in temperature including global warming. Here, we tested temperature‐dependent variation in longevity and fecundity between Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) genotypes that differ in heat‐resistance QTL. Longevity and fecundity were affected by heat‐resistance genotypes at constant moderate and high temperature. However, these differences between heat‐resistant and heat‐sensitive genotypes disappeared in a cyclic thermal regime. Analysis with the logistic mortality function indicated that mortality patterns are dependent on temperature and genotype. The results suggest that genotype*temperature interactions are substantial for senescence‐related traits. In particular, fluctuating temperatures can drastically reduce any differences in life‐history traits between heat‐resistance genotypes, even if such genotypes differentially affect the traits at constant temperatures.