bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maps of 3D parameters for worn surfaces of composites PA and glass beads sliding on steel
Authors: Pirvu Catalin , Maftei Laura , Georgescu Constantin , Deleanu Lorena 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present the influence of glass bead concentration in a matrix of polyamide on wear and several three-dimensional (3D) parameters of the surface texture when the composite is sliding on steel in dry contact.

Design/methodology/approach
There were mold disks with the following concentrations in glass beads: 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 per cent. The mix of glass beads has diameters in the range of several microns to 50 microns. Tests were done on a pin-on-disk tribotester, in dry regime, for the following parameters: average pressure (1, 2 and 3 MPa) and sliding speed (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s). Zones of 500 × 500 μm were investigated from worn tracks generated on the composite disks, and the average values of several 3D texture parameters were analyzed.

Findings
The authors plotted maps indicating no correlation between the glass bead concentration and the parameters characterizing the surface quality (amplitude parameters and functional parameters). Composites with concentrations of 10[…]30 per cent glass beads generated worn surfaces with better quality as compared to composites with extreme concentrations: low (2.5 and 5 per cent) and high (50 per cent).

Practical implications
This set of parameters allows for evaluating the influence of regime parameters on the surface quality, by comparing the obtained values before and after sliding, and this evolution of roughness parameters could give recommendations for selecting the friction couple of materials for particular contacts that function with repeated starts and stops.

Originality/value
The results encourage the researchers to use a set of 3D texture parameters instead of “classical” two-dimensional parameters, the arithmetic mean deviation of the profile, Ra, because this set of parameters better evaluate the surface quality, especially for worn surfaces.
Damage estimator, a possible way to predict the failure of hip and knee endoprosthesis
Authors: Capitanu Lucian , Florescu Virgil , Badita Liliana-Laura 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to realize finite element simulation in order to dynamically determine the area of the contact, the contact pressure and the strain energy density (identified as a damage function) for three different activities – normal walking, ascending stairs and descending stairs – that could be considered to define the level of the activity of the patient.Design/methodology/approachThe finite element model uses a modern contact mechanism that includes friction between the metallic femoral condyles or femoral head (considered rigid) and the tibial polyethylene insert or acetabular cup (considering a non-linear behaviour).FindingsFor all three activities, the finite element analyses were performed, and a damage score was computed. Finally, a cumulative damage score (that accounts for all three activities) was determined, and the areas where the fatigue wear is likely to occur were identified.Originality/valueA closer look at the distribution of the damage score reveals that the maximum damage is likely to occur not at the contact surface, but in the subsurface.
An investigation on wear behavior of Cu-graphite nanocomposites prepared by flake powder metallurgy
Authors: Varol Temel , Canakci Aykut 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nanographite content and the sliding time on the wear behavior of Cu-graphite nanocomposites.

Design/methodology/approach
Cu-graphite nanocomposites were produced by flake powder metallurgy from the copper and nanographite powders in the range of 0-5 wt.% of graphite. The effect of sliding time and content of B4C particles on the wear behavior of Cu-graphite nanocomposites was analyzed.

Findings
Results show that the wear mechanisms of copper and Cu-graphite nanocomposites are adhesive wear and delaminating wear, respectively. It was observed that the wear loss increased with increasing load. Wear loss of the Cu-graphite nanocomposites decreased with increase in graphite content. This was related to change in wear mechanism from adhesive to delamination wear.

Originality/value
Although there are a wide range of applications for Cu-based materials, there is a scarcity of literatures on the wear behavior of Cu-nanographite composites that can be used for electrical contact applications.
Financial development – does it lessen poverty?
Authors: Rashid Abdul , Intartaglia Maurizio 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of financial development on poverty reduction in developing countries. The paper also investigates whether financial development affects poverty via institutional quality and GDP growth.

Design/methodology/approach
To take into account the dynamics nature of panel data and country-specific effects, the authors use a two-step system GMM estimator. The authors also employ a large array of measures of financial development in order to check the robustness of the results. The analysis is carried out for a sample of developing countries using an unbalanced panel data set covering the period 1985-2008.

Findings
The authors find that financial development plays a significant role in reducing absolute poverty. However, the authors do not find any pro-poor impact of financial development when poverty is measured in relative terms. The authors show that the impact of financial development on poverty alleviation is statistically significant when liquid liabilities and credit granted to the private sector are used as a proxy of financial development. The results on the indirect effect of financial development indicate that financial sector development has larger effects on poverty reduction when institutional arrangements are sound or/and when economic growth is high.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that the inference for a pro-poor effect of financial development depends primarily on the measure of poverty and the choice of the proxy for financial development. Banking sector reforms may be an effective instrument to tackle absolute levels poverty. However, the policy makers should not rely only on financial reforms, regardless of whether they are based on banks or stock markets, to narrow the gap between the poorest quintile of the population and the richer quintiles. Rather, they should also utilize fiscal policies, such as progressive taxation and public-expenditure projects, to redistribute resources.

Originality/value
The paper differs from the previous studies in several ways. First, it studies the financial development-poverty nexus using three alternative indices of poverty. Second, this study focusses on a sample of developing countries only. As the structure and development level of the financial sector in poor and rich countries could differ significantly, focussing on developing countries helps mitigate the problem of heterogeneity arising from using a pooled sample of rich and poor countries. Third, robust estimation methods are applied that take into account the dynamic nature of empirical models and country-specific effects.
Determinants of the global financial crisis recovery: an empirical assessment
Authors: Dao Minh Quang 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the effect of the factors contributing to the recovery from this crisis in terms of national GDP growth among the G7, Asian7, and Latin American7 countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The author uses a multivariate regression analysis of the determinants of the global financial crisis recovery.

Findings
Based on data from 21 developed and developing emerging market economies the author found that good macroeconomic fundamentals together with more open financial policy, financial liberalization, financial depth, domestic performance, and favored global conditions do linearly influence national GDP growth. Over 85 percent of cross-country variations in GDP growth during the recovery phase of the global financial crisis can be explained by its linear dependency on pre-crisis national GDP growth, financial liberalization, financial depth, domestic performance, as well as interaction terms between various explanatory variables. Cross-country differences in national GDP growth also linearly depend on macroprudence and on favorable global conditions.

Originality/value
Results of such empirical examination may enable governments in developing countries devise resilience strategies that may serve as powerful tools for dealing with future global financial crises.
Macroeconomics of money laundering: effects and measurements
Authors: Hendriyetty Nella , Grewal Bhajan S. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review studies focusing on the magnitude of money laundering and their effects on a country’s economy. The relevant concepts are identified on the basis of discussions in the literature by prominent scholars and policy makers. There are three main objectives in this review: first, to discuss the effects of money laundering on a country’s macro-economy; second, to seek measurements from other scholars; and finally, to seek previous findings about the magnitude and the flows of money laundering.

Design/methodology/approach
In the first part, this paper outlines the effects of money laundering on macroeconomic conditions of a country, and then the second part reviews the literature that measures the magnitude of money laundering from an economic perspective.

Findings
Money laundering affects a country’s economy by increasing shadow economy and criminal activities, illicit flows and impeding tax collection. To minimise these negative effects, it is necessary to quantify the magnitude of money laundering relative to economic conditions to identify the most vulnerable aspects of money laundering in a country. Two approaches are used in this study: the first is the capital flight approach, as money laundering will cause flows of money between countries; the second is the economic approach for measuring money laundering through economic variables (e.g. tax revenue, underground economy and income generated by criminals) separately from tax evasion.

Originality/value
The paper offers new insights for the measurement of money laundering, especially for developing countries. Most methods in quantifying money laundering have focused on developed countries, which are less applicable to developing countries.
Community service and white-collar offenders
Authors: Supernor Hannah 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find out who in the white-collar offender field, specifically health-care professionals, is getting community service as a punishment and to lead the way for further research on community service as a legal sanction.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected its sample using Medicaid Fraud Reports from the National Association of Medicaid Fraud Control Units for 2009-2014. In total, 200 reports were used; 100 with community service given as a legal sanction, and 100 without. All the information was then coded by a set of criteria and put into an SPSS Statistics file for analysis.

Findings
The findings showed that there was no significant relationship between gender and any of the main legal sanctions looked for in the Medicaid Fraud Reports, except for community service. Community service also had a significant relationship with those offenders who committed physical crimes rather than financial crimes. Last, women were given less severe sanctions on average for all of the major sanctions given.

Research limitations/implications
One of the implications found was that a lot more women were given community service than men. This could be because women are considered homemakers for families, and the court systems do not want to punish a woman in a way that would take her away from her family. It could also be because the court system does not see a reason to punish women as harshly as it may be felt that a woman will learn her lesson with any punishment.

Originality/value
There is very little research done on community service as a sanction. This research helps bring that to light.
Theory of values transformation in criminal banking law
Authors: Jafari Amin 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify that some values are the origin of the modern financial world. In this regard, they should be protected by legal and financial mechanisms. However, sometimes, it is not necessary to use the entire legal arsenal to protect those values. A value can be transformed into another value or mutate into a notion and become implicitly protected by the whole system. This is called the transformation of values.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, it shall be analyzed how the protection of values is applied in both Shariah and conventional systems. Two Gulf countries, Iran and The United Arab Emirates (UAE), will be compared with France, which have different financial systems. How the process of transformation becomes a global norm which lead to a harmonization will also be discussed.

Findings
This paper demonstrates that divergent values in both Islamic and conventional financial system tend to be convergent and become global standard norms. In this respect, due to the transformation of values, harmonization of norms and standards will be recognized.

Originality/value
The paper fulfils an identified process in which the penal action against irregularities becomes a “dernier resort”, and it is for the protection of major global concerns, not for “little transgressions against local values”.
Insider trading in India – regulatory enforcement
Authors: Manchikatla Anil Kumar , Acharya Rajesh H. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of insider trading enforcement actions in India and international dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the insider trading regulations and amendments made during the period 1992-2015.

Findings
The notable observation of the study is the dearth of insider trading conviction and the paucity of prosecution for insider trading offences in India. It is difficult to resist the conclusion that surveillance and enforcement matter more than the drafting of the relevant statutes and regulations in emerging markets. Whereas, developed countries have a better record of prosecution than emerging markets.

Research limitations/implications
Future research may explore the factors that hinder effective regulation and recommend new methods to increase the impact of Securities and Exchange Board of India insider trading regulation.

Originality/value
The current paper presents guidance for the foreign institutional investors, regulators and market participants on insider trading regulation and prosecution in India.
Factorial structure of the Resiliency Scale for Children and Adolescents (RSCA) among incarcerated male adolescent offenders
Authors: Gibson Rachel A. , Clarbour Jane 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the factor structure of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA, Prince-Embury, 2006, 2007) and to provide supporting evidence that this is a psychometrically sound measure for practitioners and researchers to use to assess resilience in incarcerated male adolescent offenders in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine if the factor structure could be replicated among incarcerated male adolescent offenders. Concurrent validation of the measure was also conducted, utilising the Beck Youth Inventory, second edition (BYI-II-II; Beck et al., 2005).

Findings
CFA of the RSCA was unable to confirm the structure of the measure at an item level, therefore parcelling techniques were utilised similarly to Prince-Embury and Courville (2008), using the subscales for the factors as indicators for the factors. While a three-factor model was found to be an acceptable fit to the data, there was also some support for a two-factor model. Despite this, there was more statistical support for the three-factor model and arguments are made for retaining this structure. Expected associations between the three subscales of sense of mastery, sense of relatedness and emotional reactivity were found with the Beck Youth Inventory demonstrating support for the concurrent validity of the measure in incarcerated male adolescent offenders.

Practical implications
This paper provides support for the internal structure of the RSCA with incarcerated male adolescent offenders within the UK, although some caution should be used when interpreting scores from the subscales. The findings suggest that the RSCA can be utilised by practitioners to identify young people who may benefit from additional support and also in assessment and treatment/intervention planning. This may be particularly useful when practitioners wish to explore the potential protective nature of resilience.

Originality/value
The current study is the first of its kind to formally explore the factor structure of the RSCA with incarcerated male adolescent offenders.
Investigating the voice of the young offender
Authors: Trivasse Heidi 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to fulfil national guidelines for greater participation of young people within Children’s Services and specifically explored young offenders’ (YOs) views and experiences of the Youth Justice Service (YJS).

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were used to gather qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of 11 YOs. The interviews were created with four subsections: demographic information, positive and negative aspects of the YJS, feelings regarding YJS involvement, and hindsight and future plans. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings
Two main themes arose: how participants perceived their journey through the YJS, and the relationships participants had with both the professionals and activities. Overall, the genuineness and parental quality of the relationships between YOs and YJS workers, and the personal relevance of the work, both appeared more important than formal interventions.

Practical implications
Implications for YJS practice suggest the need to create a context of genuine care. This includes building a relationship with, and working collaboratively with the YO, the provision of structure and boundaries, ensuring clarity in service provision and tailoring work to the individual and the offence.

Originality/value
This work satisfies Children’s Services guidance to obtain the view of the young person. It evaluates work within a specific YJS and provides implications for altering the focus of this work. The outcomes offer wider implications for all YJS provisions.
Developing and evaluating interventions for women firesetters in high secure mental healthcare
Authors: Annesley Phyllis , Davison Leonie , Colley Chris , Gilley Liz , Thomson Louise 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the implementation and evaluation of interventions for women firesetters in high secure mental healthcare at the UK’s National Women’s Service.Design/methodology/approachTwo types of Arson treatment programmes for women, one delivered to individuals, the other within a group context, were developed, delivered and evaluated. The evaluation incorporated qualitative and quantitative data, including psychometric measures. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe evaluation evidenced very high engagement with and attendance at treatment programmes, and several post-treatment gains. Participants’ ratings of programmes and qualitative feedback were similarly very positive. The study demonstrated that engaging women firesetters in their treatment is paramount and can be facilitated by consistent boundaries around therapy provision balanced with sensitivity, empathy and flexibility; providing interactive and varied teaching methods; ongoing service user involvement and recognising participants’ achievements; employing a mixed cognitive analytic therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy therapeutic approach; having input from fire service staff; and maintaining organisational support for firesetting interventions.Practical implicationsIn all, 12 key recommendations are made for clinicians considering offering treatment programmes for women firesetters.Originality/valueAmid few published papers on treating women firesetters this paper guides forensic clinicians in establishing and delivering interventions for women firesetters.
A longevity basis risk analysis in a joint FDM framework
Authors: D’Amato Valeria , Coppola Mariarosaria , Levantesi Susanna , Menzietti Massimiliano , Russolillo Maria 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The improvements of longevity are intensifying the need for capital markets to be used to manage and transfer the risk through longevity-linked securities. Nevertheless, the difference between the reference population of the hedging instrument and the population of members of a pension plan, or the beneficiaries of an annuity portfolio, determines a significant heterogeneity causing the so-called basis risk. In particular, it is shown that if insurers use financial instruments based on national indices to hedge longevity risk, this hedge can become imperfect. For this reason, it is fundamental to arrange a model allowing to quantify the basis risk for minimising it through a correct calibration of the hedging instrument.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a framework for measuring the basis risk impact on the. To this aim, we propose a model that measures the population basis risk involved in a longevity hedge, in the functional data model setting. hedging strategies.

Findings
The innovative contribution of the paper occurs in two key points: the modelling of mortality and the hedging strategy. Regarding the first point, the paper proposes a functional demographic model framework (FDMF) for capturing the basis risk. The FDMF model generally designed for single population combines functional data analysis, nonparametric smoothing and robust statistics. It allows to capture the variability of the mortality trend, by separating out the effects of several orthogonal components. The novelty is to set the FDMF for modelling the mortality of the two populations, the hedging and the exposed one. Regarding the second point, the basic idea is to calibrate the hedging strategy determining a suitable mixture of q-forwards linked to mortality rates to maximise the degree of longevity risk reduction. This calibration is based on the key q-duration intended as a measure allowing to estimate the price sensitivity of the annuity portfolio to the changes in the underlying mortality curve.

Originality/value
The novelty lies in linking the shift in the mortality curve to the standard deviation of the historical mortality rates of the exposed population. This choice has been determined by the observation that the shock in a mortality rate is age dependent. The main advantage of the presented framework is its strong versatility, being the functional demographic setting a generalisation of the Lee-Carter model commonly used in mortality forecasting, it allows to adapt to different demographic scenarios. In the next developments, we set out to compare other common factor models to assess the most effective longevity hedge. Moreover, the parsimony for considering together two trajectories of the populations under consideration and the convergence of long-term forecast are important aspects of our approach.