bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Attention Network for Handwritten Mongolian Historical Archive Text Detection with Swin Transformer
Authors: Liuxu Ding , Yuefeng Liu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Text detection is a vital step towards the intelligent management of historical archives. With the development of CNNs, numerous effective methods for archive text detection have been proposed. However, text detection networks and publicly available data for Mongolian historical archives are still limited. Moreover, historical archives often feature blurred text and complicated writing backgrounds, which pose significant challenges for text detection. To address these issues, this paper introduces a text detection network, ESFCENet, specifically designed for Mongolian historical archives, integrating attention and Swin Transformer. Specifically, we propose an improved Swin Transformer (SWT) module that optimizes multi-scale archive text detection by fusing global text feature information, enhancing text feature extraction in the presence of blurred fonts and complex backgrounds. In addition, we introduce an Efficient Channel and Self-Attention Integration Module (ECASI), which suppresses redundant background information while enhancing feature extraction of foreground information. Finally, to facilitate research in this field, we have compiled a Mongolian dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed network achieves accurate text detection on Mongolian historical archives, with an F-measure reaching 99.0%. It also shows promising ability on multiple related benchmarks, e.g., an F-measure of 87.9% on ICDAR 2015, 85.7% on CTW1500, and 86.6% on Total-Text.
Dual-guided Multi-modal Bias Removal Strategy for Temporal Sentence Grounding in Video
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Qi Zhaobo , Xu Yuanrong , Zhang Weigang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Temporal Sentence Grounding in Video aims to locate target video segments related to the input textual query within a given video, which is severely affected by the biases, leading to a significant decrease in the generalization performance. However, existing debias methods only remove a limited amount of bias and do not consider the more significant multimodal bias. In this work, we verify the existence of multimodal bias through comparative experiments, and further propose a Dual-guided Multi-modal Bias Removal Strategy (DMBR) to address this issue. Based on the span-based natural language video localization paradigm, DMBR extracts salient text concepts, such as verbs, nouns, and numerals, and visual concepts, such as actions contained in the input video, to guide the generation of multimodal biases, which can simulate all potential multimodal biases in a dual and complementary manner through Language Guided Multi-modal Bias Generator and Video Guided Multi-modal Bias Generator. Meanwhile, we produce the adversarial training paradigm. The bias generators is expected to generate multi-modal bias samples that can deceive the discriminator and the backbone network, while the backbone network aims to produce correct predictions even in the presence of biased features and the discriminator aims to accurately predict whether the sample contains bias. This strategy forces the backbone model to accurately identify and effectively remove the influence of multimodal biases, thus improving the robustness of the model. We implement our DMBR on multiple existing backbones under widely used benchmarks Charades-CD and ActivityNet-CD datasets, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our debias strategy.
Leveraging Metaheuristics with Deep Learning for DDoS Attack Detection in SDN based IoT Networks
Authors: Alkanhel Reem , Rafiq Ahsan , Saleh Mohammed , Muthanna Ali , Singh Daljeet , Muthanna Ammar , Aziz Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are essential technology that enhances network administrations’ performance. Conveniently, SDN offers a simple and centralized system for administering a huge count of IoT devices and significantly decreases the capacity of network administrators. SDN mostly concentrates on upper-level control and network management, but IoT purposes are carrying devices collected to enable share and monitoring real-time performances with network connectivity. However, there is still a requirement for improving security performance in SDN depending on IoT networks to mitigate attacks containing IoT devices like Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). With this stimulus, this study designs metaheuristics with deep learning-based DDoS attack detection model (MDL-DDoSAM) in the SDN-IoT environment. The presented MDL-DDoSAM technique mainly aims to identify the occurrence of DDoS attacks in the SDN-IoT environment. To accomplish this, the presented MDL-DDoSAM technique initially preprocesses the networking data. In addition, the presented MDL-DDoSAM technique designs the jellyfish search optimizer-based feature selection (JFSO-FS) technique to elect feature subsets. For DDoS attack detection and classification, the Bidirectional CUDA Deep Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (BiCD-LSTM) model was used. Its hyperparameters are optimally adjusted by an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA). The significant DDoS attack detection performance of the MDL-DDoSAM system was tested utilizing a benchmark database, and the results indicate improved performance over other existing models.
U2BIL:A Two-phase Class Separation Method for Unbalanced Tunnel Defects via Class Incremental Learning
Authors: Yiwei Cai , Xinwen Gao , Yumeng Yang , Xinyang Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With more and more tunnel excavation projects, tunnel defects occur frequently. To reduce the cost of manual overhaul and maintenance, machine vision inspection methods are gradually emerging, but the traditional machine learning inspection methods cannot satisfy the continuous learning to update the knowledge of the prototype class without repeated access to the defect data. Incremental learning, as a continuous learning paradigm, can accomplish this task and alleviate the catastrophic forgetting phenomenon, but traditional incremental learning is difficult to fit the extremely unbalanced data distribution of the generalized realistic distribution. In this paper, based on the extremely unbalanced data distribution of tunnels, we propose a two-phase learning paradigm applicable to incremental learning to mitigate the overfitting of header data when the classes are unbalanced and incorporate the DR loss under the ETF classifier to ensure the maximum symmetric separation of the interclass prototypes under the classifier space. The proposed method in this paper obtains better performance under tunnel data compared to other incremental SOTAS.
A red fluorescent genetically encoded biosensor for in vivo imaging of extracellular L-lactate dynamics
Authors: Nasu Yusuke , Kamijo Yuki , Mächler Philipp , Ness Natalie , Vu Cong , Kusakizako Tsukasa , Ku Zaneta , Boisvert Marc , Grebenik Ekaterina , Miyazaki Ikumi , Hashizume Rina , Sato Haruaki , Liu Rui , Hori Yukiko , Tomita Taisuke , Katayama Tetsuro , Furube Akihiro , Caraveo Gabriela , Paquet Marie-Ève , Drobizhev Mikhail , Nureki Osamu , Arai Satoshi , Brancaccio Marco , Campbell Robert , Kleinfeld David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The transient build-up of L-lactate in tissue is associated with acidosis, as occurs during hypoxia, and traditionally viewed as deleterious1–3. However, recent studies contradict this view by demonstrating L-lactate's vital role as an intercellular and interorgan exchangeable fuel4. As one example, the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis proposes that neurons import L-lactate from astrocytes via the extracellular space to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sustain heightened neuronal activity5,6. To address the validity of this and related hypotheses on the emerging roles of L-lactate in brain energetics6,7,8, we introduce R-eLACCO2.1, a red fluorescent extracellular L-lactate biosensor. R-eLACCO2.1 enables two-color imaging, is superior to a contemporary green fluorescent biosensor in terms of sensitivity as measured in in vivo images from mouse neocortex, and is an effective fluorescence lifetime-based biosensor. To highlight the potential insights gained from in vivo measurements with R-eLACCO2.1, we performed dual-color imaging from somatosensory cortex of actively locomoting mice. This enabled us to observe the interplay between neural activity, reported by intracellular GCaMP expression, and extracellular L-lactate. As the highest-performance tool in the suite of extracellular L-lactate biosensors, R-eLACCO2.1 is ideally suited to delimit the emerging roles of L-lactate in mammalian metabolism.
Risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qie Peng , Nie Xiaodong , Cui Hongshang , Zhang Lixiao , Yin Qifan , Zhang Guibin , Wang Huien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, which seriously threatens human life and health. This study aimed to explore the correlation between sarcopenia in patients with ESCC and tumor clinical stage, characteristics, adverse reactions after chemotherapy and peripheral blood inflammatory indexes. Moreover, the correlation between appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) and the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) for the assessment of patient nutritional status were also be analyzed.
Methods: The clinical data of 225 patients with advanced ESCC in Hebei General Hospital from January 2019 to February 2022 were collected. Pearson analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation between ASMI and PG-SGA score.
Results: Among the 225 patients, the incidence of sarcopenia was 43.11% ( 97 of 225 patients) . The sarcopenia group was significantly older and the incidence of grade Ⅲ / Ⅳ adverse reactions after chemotherapy was higher; In addition, the sarcopenia group showed lower BMI, but higher PG - SGA score and NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR) (P<0.05). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that age, PG-SGA score, grade Ⅲ / Ⅳ adverse reaction after chemotherapy, and NLR were independent risk factors for sarcopenia (P< 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between ASMI and PG - SGA score (r=-0.27,P<0.001) .
Conclusion: Advanced age, the occurrence of adverse reactions after chemotherapy and the systemic inflammatory state of patients are closely related to the occurrence of sarcopenia in advanced ESCC. ASMI and PG-SGA, have a significant correlation in the evaluation of nutritional status of patients.
A Broad Spectrum Lasso Peptide Antibiotic Targeting the Bacterial Ribosome
Authors: Wright Gerard , Jangra Manoj , Travin Dmitrii , Aleksandrova Elena , Kaur Manpreet , Darwish Lena , Koteva Kalinka , Klepacki Dorota , Wang Wenliang , Tiffany Maya , Sokaribo Akosiererem , Coombes Brian , Vázquez-Laslop Nora , Polikanov Yury , Mankin Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lasso peptides, biologically active molecules with a distinct structurally constrained knotted fold, are natural products belonging to the class of ribosomally-synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Lasso peptides act upon several bacterial targets, but none have been reported to inhibit the ribosome, one of the main antibiotic targets in the bacterial cell. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the lasso peptide antibiotic, lariocidin (LAR), and its internally cyclized derivative, lariocidin B (LAR-B), produced by Paenabacillussp. M2, with broad-spectrum activity against many bacterial pathogens. We show that lariocidins inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the ribosome and interfering with protein synthesis. Structural, genetic, and biochemical data show that lariocidins bind at a unique site in the small ribosomal subunit, where they interact with the 16S rRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA, inhibiting translocation and inducing miscoding. LAR is unaffected by common resistance mechanisms, has a low propensity for generating spontaneous resistance, shows no human cell toxicity, and has potent in vivo activity in a mouse model of Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Our finding of the first ribosome-targeting lasso peptides uncovers new routes toward discovering alternative protein synthesis inhibitors and offers a new chemical scaffold for developing much-needed antibacterial drugs.
Effect of the membership in the World Trade Organization on Income Inequality
Authors: GNANGNON Sena Kimm 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper has investigated empirically the effect of the membership in the GATT/WTO on trade policy and income inequality. The analysis has revealed that the GATT/WTO membership has been associated with trade policy liberalization and lower income inequality, although the magnitudes of these effects vary across groups of countries.
JEL Classification: F13; F14; O15.
Knowledge, Perceptions and Behaviors among Women with Late Stage Cervical Cancer Attended at Bugando Medical Centre in Tanzania: Explorative Qualitative Study.
Authors: Mvandal Samson Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Worldwide cervical cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer in women. In Tanzania, cervical cancer is the leading female malignancy, and a major cause of cancer related mortality and morbidity in women. More than 80% of women with cervical cancer, are diagnosed with late stage, in which curative treatment options are not available. Objective: To explore the knowledge, perceptions and behaviors among women with late-stage cervical cancer who attended Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) from November to December 2021.
Methodology: Explorative qualitative study was conducted from November to December 2021 at BMC, involving 11 participants who had late-stage cervical cancer. Purposive sampling was used to recruit information-rich participants. Data collection was done by using open ended In-depth interview guide. The guide contained information on social demographic characteristics, knowledge on cervical disease, perceptions towards cervical cancer symptoms, health care seeking behaviors. Data was transcribed and analysed manually by using thematic approach.
Results: The coded texts generated three themes and nine subthemes. The results showed that Participants had poor knowledge about cervical cancer disease, causes, risk factors, prevention measures and treatment options which had impact on the perceptions and health care seeking behaviors. Participants misinterpreted the symptoms with other urogenital conditions like fungus and urinary tract infection. Misconception about the symptoms and disease, long distance to health facilities and financial challenges hindered involvement in seeking biomedical intervention and witch doctors were given a priority.
Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest a strong need of intensive health promotion efforts and education through mass media and outreaches to improve adequate and correct knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer disease, causes, symptoms, risk factors, prevention and treatment options. Health care providers and policy makers should include cervical cancer disease as a topic of everyday health education in the health facilities.
Assessment Of Self - Management For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During The Syrian Crisis
Authors: Saba Fadi , Arbaji Emilio , Hammoud Taghrid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disease in which blood glucose levels are elevated due to the complete absence or incomplete absence of the insulin hormone. The requirements for people with diabetes are not controlling blood glucose levels only; there is also an urge to prevent complications and side effects of the disease. Studies show that good self-care for individuals with this disease has led to good outcomes. Diabetics who do self-care have shown positive results by reducing diabetes complications and its development, which leads to a significant reduction in the burden of diabetes. Despite these positive changes, people who adhere to these self-care practices are very few, especially when we see broad and chronic changes. There are many factors that play a major role in adherence to self-care practices, such as social factors, demographic factors, and various economic factors. While the role of doctors plays an important role in increasing self-care practices for diabetic patients to achieve the desired result. Materials and methods used in this study A sample of 200 diabetic patients was assembled with electronic questionnaire that included a number of questions controlled to achieve the study objective, in Damascus; Syria, within specific inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned later. The data were processed using SPSS version 26, a general descriptive study of the sample's answers was conducted, followed by appropriate statistical tests to reach scientific results documented by previous medical literature. Results By presenting the results of the descriptive study on the degree of availability of an organized community response that provides the greatest amount of assistance to enhance self-care for diabetes, and help patients to live with their disease and avoid its complications as much as possible. In addition to surveying the degree of patients' awareness and knowledge of the steps of self-care and their ability to manage the disease. An analytical study was conducted on some axes related to developing self-care from attending educational workshops and others; where the effect of some demographic indicators was studied from the effect of the patient's gender on his attending training workshops. The results of the study we conducted, indicated that there is no significant difference between males and females and patient's social status in their commitment to attending educational workshops. In the study we conducted, the impact of community response and promoting the concept of self-care for diabetes among patients (as one axis) on their level of awareness and dealing with the complications of the disease and their ability to manage the symptoms of the disease was studied. A one-way Anova test was conducted and its results indicated the existence of a significant impact of promoting the concept of self-care on patients’ lives and helping them avoid complications of the disease.
THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS, ISSI AND SBSN FINANCING ON INDONESIA'S GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
Authors: Putri Rafika Ananda , Nasution Muhammad Lathief Ilhamy , Atika Atika 
Published: September 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out how financing, ISSI and SBSN affect gross domestic product. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the government and industry players in Indonesia in knowing the picture of the state of the financial sector and formulating policy strategies in the future so as to create high and stable real sector growth to be able to encourage economic growth in Indonesia. The results of the study show that: 1) The influence of Islamic Banking Financing has no effect on GDP. 2) ISSI has no influence on GDP. 3) SBSN has no significant influence on GDP. 4) Sharia, ISSI, and SBSN banking financing simultaneously have an influence on GDP.
Keywords: Influence of Financing, ISSI, SBSN, PDB, Sharia Banking

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembiayaan ISSI dan SBSN terhadap produk domestik bruto. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna bagi pemerintah dan pelaku industri di Indonesia dalam mengetahui gambaran keadaan sektor keuangan serta merumuskan strategi kebijakan pada masa yang akan datang sehingga menciptakan pertumbuhan sektor riil yang tinggi dan stabil untuk dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pengaruh Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap PDB. 2) ISSI tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap PDB. 3) SBSN tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap PDB. 4) Pembiayaan perbankan Syariah, ISSI, dan SBSN secara simultan memiliki pengaruh Terhadap PDB.
Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Pembiayaan, ISSI, SBSN, PDB, Perbankan Syariah
Psychodermatological disorders as an interdisciplinary problem: diagnostic features based on the example of our own clinical observations
Authors: Tlish M. M. , Shavilova M. E. , Boyko N. A. , Romanova G. V. 
Published: September 2024

At the present stage, there is an increase in the prevalence of psychodermatological disorders, while this pathology has a pronounced negative impact on the quality of life of patients. The observed bidirectional relationship between psychological well-being and skin health is being actively studied. Skin lesions can be caused by primary psychiatric diseases or provoke their appearance. The clinical symptoms of autodestructive dermatoses can imitate parasitic infections and pyoderma, skin tuberculosis, granulomatous and allergic diseases, vasculitis, and lymphomas. In this regard, patients initially seek medical help from doctors of various profiles, which, in the absence of proper awareness of specialists, often lengthens the diagnostic search, leads to progression of the disease and a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Increasing awareness of psychodermatological comorbidity among primary care physicians is important to reduce the time required to make a correct diagnosis and timely referral of patients to a psychiatrist. The article provides an analysis of our own clinical observations of patients with psychodermatological pathology, for whom more than a year passed from the initial visit to the doctor to verification of the diagnosis. Late diagnosis was accompanied by an increase in symptoms with the formation of pronounced destructive skin lesions. The diagnostic search was also hampered by the significant similarity of the clinical picture with other diseases that have skin symptoms. When analyzing the presented clinical cases, attention is focused on the need for a thorough differential diagnostic search, an analysis of the characteristics of the anamnesis and characteristic symptoms of the skin process in psychodermatological pathology is provided. The importance of an integrated approach to patient management with the participation of specialists from both psychiatric and dermatological profiles was noted.