bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of microalbuminuria with diabetes is stronger in people with prehypertension compared to those with ideal blood pressure
Authors: Wang Qing , Huang Jingjing , Sun Yuemin , Zhang Wenjuan , Gao Yuxia , Yao Wei , Bian Bo , Li Yongle , Wu Xianming , Niu Kaijun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimMicroalbuminuria (MA) has been demonstrated as a biomarker for microvascular dysfunction. This study is aimed to evaluate the association of glycaemic status with MA in prehypertensive and ideal BP subjects and to evaluate the interaction between glycaemic and blood pressure status as risk factors for MA prevalence.Methods1059 subjects aged 40–70 with non‐hypertension who were recruited from six districts of Tianjin were divided into a prehypertensive group (622 cases) and an ideal blood BP group (437 cases). Subjects of the prehypertensive group and the ideal BP group were divided respectively into three subgroups: normoglycaemia subgroup, prediabetes subgroup and diabetes subgroup. The prevalence of MA in the above three subgroups of subjects with prehypertension and ideal BP were assessed. We performed a statistical analysis for interaction test between glycaemia and BP status on microalbuminuria in the overall study sample by a multivariate logistic regression model. The association of glycaemic status (defined as normoglycaemia, prediabetes, and diabetes) with MA was evaluated separately in prehypertensive and ideal BP subjects.ResultsResults showed that the prevalence of MA in both prehypertensive and ideal BP groups rose with the increasing of classification of glycaemic level of subgroups (32.6%, 18.3%, 14.8% vs. 23.1%, 16.2%, 13.4%), the differences in prehypertensive group were statistically significant (Pearson χ2 = 15.24, P < 0.001). The ORs (95% CI) of MA were 1.25 (0.86–1.83) for prediabetes and 2.56 (1.62–4.03) for diabetes in the fully adjusted model. There was no interaction between prediabetes and BP status regarding MA (P = 0.237) but we found a significant interaction between diabetes and BP status (P < 0.001). In the prehypertensive group, multivariate logistic regression models showed that the diabetes subgroup had a significant association with MA, and the adjusted odds ratio of the diabetes subgroup to the normoglycaemia subgroup was 2.68 (95%CI 1.54–4.67) (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant association of glycaemic status with MA in the ideal BP group. Stratified analysis by a multivariate logistic regression model in the whole study population showed that people with both prehypertension and diabetes had the highest risk of MA (adjusted OR = 2.50, 95%CI 1.16–5.36; P = 0.019), compared with those with ideal BP and normoglycaemia (reference group).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there was a statistically significant association between diabetes and microalbuminuria only in prehypertensive subjects. In addition, our study highlights the interaction between prehypertension and diabetes as a risk factor for MA.
Clinical assessment of gastric emptying and sensory function utilizing gamma scintigraphy: Establishment of reference intervals for the liquid and solid components of the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects
Authors: Parker H. L. , Tucker E. , Blackshaw E. , Hoad C. L. , Marciani L. , Perkins A. , Menne D. , Fox M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurrent investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study presents the reference intervals of the modular “Nottingham test meal” (NTM) for assessment of gastric function by gamma scintigraphy (GSc) in a representative population of healthy volunteers (HVs) stratified for age and sex.MethodsThe NTM comprises 400 mL liquid nutrient (0.75 kcal/mL) and an optional solid component (12 solid agar‐beads (0 kcal). Filling and dyspeptic sensations were documented by 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Gamma scintigraphy parameters that describe early and late phase Gastric emptying (GE) were calculated from validated models.Key ResultsGastric emptying (GE) of the liquid component was measured in 73 HVs (male 34; aged 45±20). The NTM produced normal postprandial fullness (VAS ≥30 in 41/74 subjects). Dyspeptic symptoms were rare (VAS ≥30 in 2/74 subjects). Gastric emptying half‐time with the Liquid‐ and Solid‐component ‐NTM was median 44 (95% reference interval 28‐78) minutes and 162 (144‐193) minutes, respectively. Gastric accommodation was assessed by the ratio of the liquid‐NTM retained in the proximal:total stomach and by Early phase emptying assessed by gastric volume after completing the meal (GCV0). No consistent effect of anthropometric measures on GE parameters was present.Conclusions and InferencesReference intervals are presented for GSc measurements of gastric motor and sensory function assessed by the NTM. Studies involving patients are required to determine whether the reference interval range offers optimal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Urinary incontinence and quality of life of women living in nursing homes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey
Authors: Göral Türkcü Sinem , Kukulu Kamile 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThis study was conducted to determine the effect of urinary incontinence (UI) on the quality of life of women living in nursing homes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.MethodsThe study was conducted on 95 women living in nursing homes in the Mediterranean region. Data were collected from a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, the Index of Activities of Daily Living, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form.ResultsThe quality of life of women who did not consider UI a health problem was significantly higher than that of those who considered otherwise. Mixed UI was the most common UI type among the women living in nursing homes, with a rate of 31.7%. According to the overall mean scores on the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, quality of life was the most affected among women who had nocturnal incontinence. Quality of life was affected from most to least by the mixed type, stress type, and urge type of incontinence.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and treatment of UI could be improved if health professionals, who have a unique role in changing the perception of society, offered training to women experiencing incontinence. Identifying this problem and determining and preventing the risk factors are important for enhancing women's quality of life.
Continued decline in blood collection and transfusion in the United States–2015
Authors: Ellingson Katherine D. , Sapiano Mathew R. P. , Haass Kathryn A. , Savinkina Alexandra A. , Baker Misha L. , Chung Koo‐Whang , Henry Richard A. , Berger James J. , Kuehnert Matthew J. , Basavaraju Sridhar V. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDIn 2011 and 2013, the National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey (NBCUS) revealed declines in blood collection and transfusion in the United States. The objective of this study was to describe blood services in 2015.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe 2015 NBCUS was distributed to all US blood collection centers, all hospitals performing at least 1000 surgeries annually, and a 40% random sample of hospitals performing 100 to 999 surgeries annually. Weighting and imputation were used to generate national estimates for units of blood and components collected, deferred, distributed, transfused, and outdated.RESULTSResponse rates for the 2015 NBCUS were 78.4% for blood collection centers and 73.9% for transfusing hospitals. In 2015, 12,591,000 units of red blood cells (RBCs) (95% confidence interval [CI], 11,985,000‐13,197,000 units of RBCs) were collected, and 11,349,000 (95% CI, 10,592,000‐11,747,000) were transfused, representing declines since 2013 of 11.6% and 13.9%, respectively. Total platelet units distributed (2,436,000; 95% CI, 2,230,000‐2,642,000) and transfused (1,983,000; 95% CI, 1,816,000 = 2,151,000) declined by 0.5% and 13.1%, respectively, since 2013. Plasma distributions (3,714,000; 95% CI, 3,306,000‐4,121,000) and transfusions (2,727,000; 95% CI, 2,594,000‐2,859,000) in 2015 declined since 2013. The median price paid per unit in 2015—$211 for leukocyte‐reduced RBCs, $524 for apheresis platelets, and $54 for fresh frozen plasma—was less for all components than in 2013.CONCLUSIONSThe 2015 NBCUS findings suggest that continued declines in demand for blood products resulted in fewer units collected and distributed Maintaining a blood inventory sufficient to meet routine and emergent demands will require further monitoring and understanding of these trends.
Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
Adherence Fimbriae Drive Inflammatory Cell Recruitment via Interactions with Epithelial MUC1
Authors: Boll Erik J. , Ayala-Lujan Jorge , Szabady Rose L. , Louissaint Christopher , Smith Rachel Z. , Krogfelt Karen A. , Nataro James P. , Ruiz-Perez Fernando , McCormick Beth A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
(EAEC) causes diarrhea and intestinal inflammation worldwide. EAEC strains are characterized by the presence of aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF), which play a key role in pathogenesis by mediating attachment to the intestinal mucosa and by triggering host inflammatory responses. Here, we identify the epithelial transmembrane mucin MUC1 as an intestinal host cell receptor for EAEC, demonstrating that AAF-mediated interactions between EAEC and MUC1 facilitate enhanced bacterial adhesion. We further demonstrate that EAEC infection also causes elevated expression of MUC1 in inflamed human intestinal tissues. Moreover, we find that MUC1 facilitates AAF-dependent migration of neutrophils across the epithelium in response to EAEC infection. Thus, we show for the first time a proinflammatory role for MUC1 in the host response to an intestinal pathogen.

IMPORTANCE
EAEC is a clinically important intestinal pathogen that triggers intestinal inflammation and diarrheal illness via mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Our findings provide new insight into how EAEC triggers host inflammation and underscores the pivotal role of AAFs—the principal adhesins of EAEC—in driving EAEC-associated disease. Most importantly, our findings add a new dimension to the signaling properties of the transmembrane mucin MUC1. Mostly studied for its role in various forms of cancer, MUC1 is widely regarded as playing an anti-inflammatory role in response to infection with bacterial pathogens in various tissues. However, the role of MUC1 during intestinal infections has not been previously explored, and our results describe the first report of MUC1 as a proinflammatory factor following intestinal infection.
Interpregnancy weight changes and impact on pregnancy outcome in a cohort of women with a macrosomic first delivery: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Crosby David A , Walsh Jennifer M , Segurado Ricardo , McAuliffe Fionnuala M 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the median interpregnancy maternal weight change between first and second pregnancies, and second and third pregnancies and to assess the impact of this weight change on pregnancy outcome in a cohort of women with a macrosomic first delivery.Study designProspective longitudinal study conducted over three pregnancies from 2007 to 2015.SettingTertiary referral maternity hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ParticipantsWomen were recruited if their first baby weighed >4.0 kg.MethodsThe pregnancy outcomes in the second and third pregnancies were analysed separately. Data were also analysed for both interpregnancy intervals comparing outcomes for those who gained any weight, or more weight than the median, with those who did not.Main outcome measuresRecurrent fetal macrosomia ≥4.0 kg and gestational diabetes mellitus.ResultsThere were 280 women who delivered a third baby between 2011 and 2015. There were no differences in pregnancy outcomes for the second pregnancy in women who gained interpregnancy weight compared with those who did not and those who gained more interpregnancy weight than the median compared with those who did not. There was a statistically significant increase in birth weight ≥4.0 kg (54.0% vs 39.6% p=0.03) in those women who gained any weight between the second and third pregnancies. In those women who gained more interpregnancy weight than the median (1.70 kg) between a second and third pregnancy, there was a significant increase in the rate of gestational diabetes (6.5% vs 1.4%, p=0.03).ConclusionsThis longitudinal study demonstrates that within this cohort maternal interpregnancy weight change between a second and third pregnancy is associated with an increase in birth weight ≥4.0 kg. Additionally, a gain of more weight than the median (1.70 kg) is associated with a higher rate of gestational diabetes.
REBALANCING IN CHINA: FISCAL POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Authors: AHMAD EHTISHAM 
Published: June 2017

The 1993/1994 reforms in China created the fiscal space for public investment and rapid growth, based on modern tax instruments (VAT) and administration by offsetting local gainers and losers though the transfer system — and allocation of funds for investment in coastal hubs. Current challenges of congestion, pollution, and growing inequality require the design and financing for new sustainable growth hubs. This will involve an interface between local, national and cross border investments in connectivity under the One Belt One Road Initiative, together with new options for subnational (local) own-taxes, transfers, service delivery and strengthened governance mechanisms to monitor and manage liabilities, including PPPs.
Supersymmetric U(1)Y′⊗ U(1)B−L extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Montero J. C. , Pleitez V. , Sánchez-Vega B. L. , Rodriguez M. C. 
Published: June 2017

We build a supersymmetric version with [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry, where [Formula: see text] is a new charge and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the usual baryonic and leptonic numbers. The model has three right-handed neutrinos with identical [Formula: see text] charges, and can accommodate all fermion masses at the tree level. In particular, the type I seesaw mechanism is implemented for the generation of the active neutrino masses. We obtain the mass spectra of all sectors and for the scalar one we also give the flat directions allowed by the model.
Exosome-Derived miR-25-3p and miR-92a-3p Stimulate Liposarcoma Progression
Authors: Casadei Lucia , Calore Federica , Creighton Chad J. , Guescini Michele , Batte Kara , Iwenofu O. Hans , Zewdu Abeba , Braggio Danielle A. , Bill Kate Lynn , Fadda Paolo , Lovat Francesca , Lopez Gonzalo , Gasparini Pierluigi , Chen James L. , Kladney Raleigh D. , Leone Gustavo , Lev Dina , Croce Carlo M. , Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Despite the development of combined modality treatments against liposarcoma in recent years, a significant proportion of patients respond only modestly to such approaches, possibly contributing to local or distant recurrence. Early detection of recurrent or metastatic disease could improve patient prognosis by triggering earlier clinical intervention. However, useful biomarkers for such purposes are lacking. Using both patient plasma samples and cell lines, we demonstrate here that miR-25-3p and miR-92a-3p are secreted by liposarcoma cells through extracellular vesicles and may be useful as potential biomarkers of disease. Both miR-25-3p and miR-92a-3p stimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL6 from tumor-associated macrophages in a TLR7/8-dependent manner, which in turn promoted liposarcoma cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis via this interaction with the surrounding microenvironment. Our findings provide novel and previously unreported insight into liposarcoma progression, identifying communication between liposarcoma cells and their microenvironment as a process critically involved in liposarcoma progression. This study establishes the possibility that the pattern of circulating miRNAs may identify recurrence prior to radiological detectability while providing insight into disease outcome and as a possible approach to monitor treatment efficacy. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3846–56. ©2017 AACR.
Accelerometer-Measured Daily Activity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Snipelisky David , Kelly Jacob , Levine James A. , Koepp Gabriel A. , Anstrom Kevin J. , McNulty Steven E. , Zakeri Rosita , Felker G. Michael , Hernandez Adrian F. , Braunwald Eugene , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: June 2017

Background—
Daily physical activity assessed by accelerometers represents a novel method to assess the impact of interventions on heart failure (HF) patients’ functional status. We hypothesized that daily activity varies by patient characteristics and correlates with established measures of HF severity in HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results—

In this ancillary study of the NEAT-HFpEF trial (Nitrate’s Effects on Activity Tolerance in HF With Preserved Ejection Fraction), average daily accelerometer units (ADAU) and hours active per day were assessed during a 14-day period before starting isosorbide mononitrate or placebo (n=110). Baseline ADAU was negatively associated with age, female sex, height, and body mass index, and these variables accounted for 28% of the variability in ADAU (
P
<0.007 for all). Adjusting for these factors, patients with lower ADAU were more likely to have had an HF hospitalization, orthopnea, diabetes mellitus and anemia, be treated with β-blockers, have higher ejection fraction, relative wall thickness and left atrial volume, and worse New York Heart Association class, HF-specific quality of life scores, 6-minute walk distance, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide;
P
<0.05 for all). Associations between hours active per day and clinical characteristics were similar. Relative to baseline, there were no significant associations between changes in ADAU or hours active per day and changes in standard functional assessments (New York Heart Association, quality of life, 6-minute walk distance, and NT-proBNP) with isosorbide mononitrate.

Conclusions—
Daily activity is a measure of HF-related and global functional status in HF with preserved ejection fraction. As compared with intermittently assessed standard HF assessments, change in daily activity may provide unique information about the impact of HF interventions on functional status.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT02053493
Associations of Abdominal Obesity and New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population
Authors: Baek Yong‐Soo , Yang Pil‐Sung , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Uhm Jae‐Sun , Park Junbeom , Pak Hui‐Nam , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Joung Boyoung 
Published: June 2017

Background

Higher height and weight are known to be associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (
AF
); however, whether the risk of
AF
is related to abdominal obesity is unclear.

Methods and Results

We studied 501 690 adults (mean age: 47.6±14.3 years; 250 664 women [50.0%]) without baseline
AF
in the National Sample Cohort released by the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. Body mass index (underweight defined as <18.5; normal, 18.5 to <25.0; overweight, 25.0 to <30.0; and obese, ≥30.0) and waist circumference (abdominal obesity defined as ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) were evaluated. During a mean follow‐up of 3.9±1.3 years, 3443 participants (1432 women [41.6%]) developed
AF
. In multivariable models adjusted for clinical variables, the AF risk of underweight, overweight, and obese individuals increased by 21% (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.45,
P
=0.043), 14% (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.23,
P
<0.001), and 52% (95% confidence interval, 1.30–1.78,
P
<0.001), respectively, compared with those with normal body mass index.
AF
risk with confounder‐adjusted hazards for abdominal obesity was 18% (95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.27,
P
<0.001). The increased
AF
risk was present in abdominally obese individuals regardless of body mass index except for the obese group. In subgroup analysis, abdominal obesity by waist circumference conferred increased risk of new‐onset
AF
, particularly in participants without comorbidities.

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity is an important, potentially modifiable risk factor for
AF
in nonobese Asian persons. These data suggest that interventions to decrease abdominal obesity may reduce the population burden of
AF
.
Role of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Measurement in Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Among Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Chi Ho , Woo Yu Cho , Chow Wing Sun , Cheung Chloe Yu Yan , Fong Carol Ho Yi , Yuen Michele Mae Ann , Xu Aimin , Tse Hung Fat , Lam Karen Siu Ling 
Published: June 2017

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (
FGF
21) has demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In cross‐sectional studies, an association of raised circulating
FGF
21 levels with coronary heart disease (
CHD
) was found in some but not all studies. Here we investigated prospectively whether baseline serum
FGF
21 levels could predict incident
CHD
in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and no known cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and Results

Baseline serum
FGF
21 levels were measured in 3528 Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus recruited from the Hong Kong West Diabetes Registry. The role of baseline serum
FGF
21 levels in predicting incident
CHD
over a median follow‐up of 3.8 years was analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Among 3528 recruited subjects without known cardiovascular diseases, 147 (4.2%) developed
CHD
over a mean follow‐up of 4 years. Baseline serum log‐transformed
FGF
21 levels were significantly higher in those who had incident
CHD
than those who did not (222.7 pg/mL [92.8–438.4] versus 151.1 pg/mL [75.6–274.6];
P
<0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, baseline serum
FGF
21 levels, using an optimal cutoff of 206.22 pg/mL derived from our study, independently predicted incident
CHD
(hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.10–2.19;
P
=0.013) and significantly improved net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated, for the first time, that serum
FGF
21 level is an independent predictor of incident
CHD
and might be usefully utilized as a biomarker for identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with raised
CHD
risk, for primary prevention.