bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive superpixel segmentation and pigment identification of colored relics based on visible spectral images
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wei Chun-ao , Li Miaoxin , Cui Xinyu , Li Junfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work explores the extraction of the spatial distribution and chemical composition information of pigments in colored relics through visible spectral images. An adaptive superpixel segmentation method is proposed to extract the spatial distribution information of pigments. Quadtree decomposition is applied to generate nonuniform initial seed points based on the image homogeneity. These seed points are used as the initial cluster centers in an extended simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm for visible spectral images to create superpixels of varying sizes that reflect the homogeneity. Each superpixel is subsequently treated as an individual area in the colored relics, and a pigment identification method based on the visible spectral reflectance is proposed to identify the pigments in these areas. A standard reference database is constructed using samples that simulate the painting process of ancient wall paintings in the Mogao Grottoes. Geometric features, which are characterized by the linear combination of the normalized visible spectral reflectance, its slope and its curvature, are designed to represent the chemical composition of pigments. The geometric features of the superpixels are compared with those of the pigments in the database using the Euclidean distance to determine the pigments in each area of the colored relics. This work is expected to provide scientific guidance for pigment selection in the color restoration of colored relics.
Breaking a dogma: orthodontic tooth movement alters systemic immunity
Authors: Klein Yehuda , David Eilon , Pinto Noy , Khoury Yasmin , Barenholz Yechezkel , Chaushu Stella 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The prevailing paradigm posits orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) as primarily a localized inflammatory process. In this study, we endeavor to elucidate the potential ramifications of mechanical force on systemic immunity, employing a time-dependent approach.

Materials and methods
A previously described mouse orthodontic model was used. Ni-Ti. springs were set to move the upper 1st-molar in C57BL/6 mice and the amount of OTM was. measured by µCT. Mice were allocated randomly into four experimental groups, each. corresponding to clinical phases of OTM, relative to force application. Terminal blood. samples were collected and a comprehensive blood count test for 7 cell types as well as. proteome profiling of 111 pivotal cytokines and chemokines were conducted. Two controls. groups were included: one comprised non-treated mice and the other mice with inactivated springs.

Results
Serum immuno-profiling unveiled alterations in cellular immunity, manifesting as. changes in percentages of leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and. lymphocytes, alongside key signaling factors in comparison to both control groups. The systemic cellular and molecular alterations triggered by OTM mirrored the dynamics previously described in the local immune response.

Conclusions
Although the exact interplay between local and systemic immune responses to orthodontic forces require further elucidation, our findings demonstrate a tangible link between the two. Future investigations should aim to correlate these results with human subjects, and strive to delve deeper into the specific mechanisms by which mechanical force modulates the systemic immune response.
Application of the MELTS program to the fractional crystallization of low-alumina alkaline magma on Jeju Volcanic Island, Korea
Authors: Le Hoang Yen , Chang Cheolwoo , Yun Sung-Hyo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractJeju Volcanic Island is the largest island in South Korea and is considered a continental shelf intraplate volcanic island. In this study, MELTS, a powerful program for modeling magmatic evolution processes, was applied to simulate the fractional crystallization process of the low-alumina alkaline volcanic rock suite on Jeju Island. MELTS modeling was conducted at many isobaric pressures ranging from 2.0 GPa to 0.1 GPa, different oxygen fugacities (fO2) from FMQ-3 to FMQ + 3, and different H2O contents. The results demonstrate that the most suitable fractionation model for the Jeju low-alumina alkaline magma involves a pressure of 0.2 GPa to 0.1 GPa and an oxygen fugacity close to the FMQ buffer. Additionally, an H2O content of 0.5 wt.% is the most consistent with the evolution trend and mineral composition of the natural rock suite on Jeju Island. Although MELTS possesses several limitations in terms of the stability of calibration, such as spinel overestimation and a lack of experiments on hydrous minerals (which should be improved), MELTS performs well in terms of temperature and pressure prediction and in terms of the assessment of other factors of the fractional crystallization process on Jeju Island. Consequently, to evaluate a magmatic process in a particular region, MELTS should be combined with other analyses and not relied upon independently.
Vision-sharing system for android avatars to enable remote eye contact
Authors: Shinkawa Kaoruko , Nakajima Mizuki , Nakata Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMaintaining eye contact is a fundamental aspect of non-verbal communication, yet current remote communication tools, such as video calls, struggle to replicate the natural eye contact experienced in face-to-face interactions. This study presents a cutting-edge vision-sharing system for android avatars that enables remote eye contact by synchronizing the eye movements of the operator and the avatar. Our innovative system features an eyeball integrated with a wide-angle lens camera, meticulously designed to mimic human eyes in both appearance and functionality. This technology is seamlessly integrated into android avatars, enabling operators to perceive the avatar’s surroundings as if physically present. It provides a stable and immersive visual experience through a head-mounted display synchronized with the avatar’s gaze direction. Through rigorous experimental evaluations, we demonstrated the system’s ability to faithfully replicate the operator’s perspective through the avatar, making eye contact more intuitive and effortless compared with conventional methods. Subjective assessments further validated the system’s capacity to reduce operational workload and enhance user experience. These compelling findings underscore the potential of our vision-sharing system to elevate the realism and efficacy of remote communication using android avatars.
Characterizing best practices for tonsil-oral-scrubbing (TOSc) collection for PRRSV RNA detection in sows
Authors: Li Peng , Silva Ana Paula Poeta , Tong Hao , Yeske Paul , Dalquist Laura , Kelly Jason , Finch Matt , Reever Amanda V. Anderson , Reicks Darwin L. , Connor Joseph F. , Gauger Phillip C. , Holtkamp Derald J. , Silva Gustavo S. , Trevisan Giovani , Linhares Daniel C. L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
A Tonsil-Oral-Scrubbing (TOSc) method was developed to sample the sow’s oropharyngeal and tonsillar area without snaring and has shown comparable porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA detection rates with tonsil scraping in infected sows. This study investigated the effect of specific TOSc collection factors on the PRRSV RT-rtPCR results (detection rates and Ct values). Those factors include whether the sow was snared or not snared at TOSc collection (“snared” vs. “not snared”); whether the sow was laying down or standing at collection (“laying down” vs. “standing”); and type of collectors used for TOSc collection (“TOSc prototype” vs. “Spiral-headed AI catheter (SHAC)”). Volume of fluid was compared between “snared” and “not snared” groups, and collection time was compared between “laying down” and “standing” groups as well.

Results
The effect for each factor was assessed in three independent studies following the same design: TOSc was collected twice from each studied sow, once with the baseline level for a factor (“not snared”, or “standing”, or “TOSc prototype”), and another time followed by the other level of the paired factor (“snared”, “laying down”, or “SHAC”, correspondingly). Results showed that “not snared” TOSc had numerically higher PRRSV RNA detection rate (60.7% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.11), significantly lower median Ct values (31.9 vs. 32.3, p < 0.01), and significantly higher volume of fluid than “snared” samples (1.8 mL vs. 1.2 mL, p < 0.01); “laying down” TOSc samples did not differ statistically (60.7% vs. 60.7%) in the PRRSV RNA detection rate, obtained numerically lower median Ct values (30.9 vs. 31.3, p = 0.19), but took 40% less collection time compared to “standing” TOSc samples; samples collected using the “TOSc prototype” had numerically higher PRRSV RNA detection rate (91.7% vs. 88.3%, p = 0.27) and significantly lower median Ct values (32.8 vs. 34.5, p < 0.01) than that from “SHAC”.

Conclusions
Under the conditions of this study best practices for TOSc collection aiming higher detection rate of PRRSV RNA while minimizing time for collection were suggested to be sampling TOSc without snaring, when sows are laying down, and using a prototype TOSc collector.
A novel bailout technique using myocardial biopsy forceps to grasp a dislodged angio-seal collagen with footplate
Authors: Miwa Hiromi , Hayakawa Naoki , Tsuchida Yasuyuki , Ichihara Shinya , Hirano Satoshi , Maruta Shunsuke , Miyaji Kotaro , Kushida Shunichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Hemostatic devices are now frequently used in femoral artery punctures, and the Angio-Seal (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) is one of the most commonly used devices for closure of the femoral artery because it provides rapid hemostasis. Although device failure rarely occurs, if the collagen falls into the femoral artery, it may lead to severe limb ischemia. Herein, we describe a case of a novel endovascular technique for the treatment of Angio-Seal arterial closure device failure.

Case presentation
The patient in Case 1 was a 75-year-old man with severe left limb claudication. We used a contralateral antegrade approach and used the Angio-Seal for hemostasis. However, the Angio-Seal collagen and footplate dropped and stopped at the bifurcation of the superficial femoral artery and deep femoral artery. The collagen with the footplate was caught with myocardial biotome forceps (MBF) and pulled into the external iliac artery (EIA). The distal common femoral artery (CFA) was punctured, and we delivered a 10.0- × 80-mm stent (SMART®; Cordis, USA) to the EIA from the ipsilateral sheath. The stent was deployed at the EIA and crushed the collagen. The patient in Case 2 was an 88-year-old man with rest pain in the right limb. The right CFA was punctured using an ipsilateral approach and the Angio-Seal was used for hemostasis. The Angio-Seal collagen with the footplate dropped into the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery. The collagen and footplate were caught with MBF and pulled up to the EIA. The right CFA was punctured and a 10.0- × 60-mm stent (SMART®; Cordis) was delivered from the ipsilateral sheath. The stent was deployed at the EIA and crushed the collagen with the footplate.

Conclusions
MBF were used to grasp the dislodged collagen with the anchor and cover it with a stent at the iliac artery. This may be a useful bailout technique for Angio-Seal dislodgement.
Enhancing microgrid energy management through solar power uncertainty mitigation using supervised machine learning
Authors: Elazab Rasha , Dahab Ahmed Abo , Adma Maged Abo , Hassan Hany Abdo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the inherent challenges associated with the limited flexibility of power systems, specifically emphasizing uncertainties in solar power due to dynamic regional and seasonal fluctuations in photovoltaic (PV) potential. The research introduces a novel supervised machine learning model that focuses on regression methods specifically tailored for advanced microgrid energy management within a 100% PV microgrid, i.e. a microgrid system that is powered entirely by solar energy, with no reliance on other energy sources such as fossil fuels or grid electricity. In this context, “PV” specifically denotes photovoltaic solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity. A distinctive feature of the model is its exclusive reliance on current solar radiation as an input parameter to minimize prediction errors, justified by the unique advantages of supervised learning. The performance of four well-established supervised machine learning models—Neural Networks (NN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Linear Regression (LR)—known for effectively addressing short-term uncertainty in solar radiation, is thoroughly evaluated. Results underscore the superiority of the NN approach in accurately predicting solar irradiance across diverse geographical sites, including Cairo, Egypt; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; and Berlin, Germany. The comprehensive analysis covers both Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), demonstrating the model’s efficacy in various solar environments. Additionally, the study emphasizes the practical implementation of the model within an Energy Management System (EMS) using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) software, showcasing high accuracy in microgrid energy management. This validation attests to the economic efficiency and reliability of the proposed model. The calculated range of error, as the median error for cost analysis, varies from 2 to 6%, affirming the high accuracy of the proposed model.
12608 Preserving Lean Body Mass During Weight Loss In Elderly Obese Patients With Glp-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Chaudhuri Ajay , Hejna Jeanne , Dandona Paresh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: H. Ghanim: None. A. Chaudhuri: None. J. Hejna: None. P. Dandona: None.
Preserving Lean Body Mass During Weight Loss in Elderly Obese Patients with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Background and Rational: Since aging process is associated with loss of muscle (lean body) mass which increases risk of sarcopenia and since weight loss programs routinely induce loss in both fat and lean masses, weight loss intervention that targets fat mass reduction while preserving lean body mass is clearly needed in older patients. We have previously shown that liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), treatment in obese type 1 diabetes patients caused a significant weight loss which was mostly attributable to the loss of body fat while preserving lean body mass. Therefore, we are testing if semaglutide, a weekly GLP-1 RA, will achieve the same preservation in elderly obese subjects. Methods: Design: The is a single-center, prospective, open label, randomized (in pairs matched by age, BMI and by gender) and controlled pilot study to investigate the effects of semaglutide (up to 1mg/week) addition to a standard of care (SOC) weight loss dietary and exercise intervention for 16 weeks on body weight and composition compered to SOC in elderly obese patients. Patients: Sixteen (16) able elderly obese (age: ≥65 years, BMI ≥30 Kg/m2 and waist circumference for women &gt;80 cm and for men &gt;90 cm) were enrolled in the study. DEXA scans and blood samples were collected at 0 and 16 weeks. Total mass, fat mass, lean mass and fat/lean mass ratio was calculated. Results: At 16 weeks following interventions, patients in the semaglutide plus SOC group lost an average of 8.1±1.4Kg compared to 2.8±0.7Kg in the SOC group (p&lt;0.05). Weight loss from non-lean (fat) and lean compartments were 5.6±0.9kg and 1.6±0.4kg, respectively, in the semaglutide group compared to 1.5±0.6kg and 0.9±0.3Kg, respectively, in the control group (p&lt;0.05 for fat compartment). Fat mass to lean mass ratio change was -0.08±0.02 in semaglutide group compared to no change in the SOC group (p&lt;0.05). Generally, there was no major side effects or adverse events including no hypoglycemia. Patients in the semaglutide group reported mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusions and Implications: Addition of semaglutide, to a SOC weight loss program resulted in significantly more weight loss, more fat mass loss lower fat/lean mass ratio and no significant difference in lean mass loss compared to SOC. Our preliminary data supports the hypothesis that GLP-1 RA induced weight loss in elderly obese patients may preserve lean (muscle) mass in elderly obese patients which needs further investigations in larger and longer clinical trials.
Presentation: 6/1/2024
12211 Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass And Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Showed Similar Efficacy In Achieving Cardiometabolic Composite Target In Subject With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Tuccinardi D , Monte L , Manfrini S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: D. Tuccinardi: None. L. Monte: None. S. Manfrini: None.
Introduction: The ADA produced a triple composite outcome that summarizes the therapeutic targets of the three most prevalent complications of obesity: type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and dyslipidemia (HbA1c &lt;7.0%; LDL cholesterol&lt;100 mg/dL and systolic blood pressure &lt;130 mmHg). The present study primarily investigates the difference between Vertical Sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in achieving the composite target one year after the surgery. The secondary outcome assessed the success rate in achieving the separate components' target at months 6, 12 and 24 post-surgery. Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated 103 patients with obesity and T2D. At each visit, anthropometric measurements were recorded, and the metabolic and lipid profile was evaluated before surgery and subsequently during the follow-up visits at 6, 12 and 24 months post-surgery. Results: Twelve months after surgery, patients undergoing RYGB did not show a significant difference compared to those undergoing VSG in achieving the composite target (P =.57). Patients undergoing RYGB showed greater LDL target achievement at 6 months post-surgery than the VSG(P=.005). Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced over time in the RYGB compared to the VSG (P=.023 and P=.010 respectively). Conclusion: RYGB and VSG showed similar efficacy in reaching the cardiometabolic ADA composite target in subjects with T2D undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients undergoing RYGB showed a significant reduction over time in LDL and total cholesterol compared to the VSG group. More extended randomized studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the two surgical procedures in the improvement and remission of cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity.
Presentation: 6/1/2024
7680 Targeting HIF1α Enhances Exercise Benefits in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Authors: Yu J , Cheung C , Gunton J E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: J. Yu: None. C. Cheung: None. J.E. Gunton: None.
Exercise is well-established to be beneficial for obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular health. Exercise induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in muscle. HIF1α is well-known for its role in cell survival and adaptation, particularly in states of hypoxia. Interestingly, in obesity and diabetes, HIF1α can exert either beneficial or harmful effects (1). We hypothesised that these differing outcomes may relate to different hydroxylation of HIF1α. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we created a novel mouse model removing the asparagine hydroxylation site: HIF1α-N813Q mice. We explored the effects of exercise and high fat diet (HFD) feeding in N813Q mice. The hypothesis is that N813Q mice will be protected from adverse consequences of HFD, and experience greater benefits with exercise. Male HIF1α-N813Q mutant mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates underwent glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT), fore-limb grip strength and endurance testing. They were then fed HFD (Diet 6B; 45% digestible energy from lipids) and given access to a running wheel in their home cages, with the wheels being locked for controls. Metabolic and muscle function tests were repeated during the experiment. Baseline data did not show any significant differences between genotypes in glucose and insulin tolerance, endurance or grip strength. On HFD, weight gain and fat mass were significantly reduced in mutant mice given access to a wheel but not any of the other groups. After 3 weeks of wheel access, N813Q-exercise mice had significantly enhanced grip strength (p&lt;0.05) and increased endurance which further increased by 6 weeks. Strikingly, the 3-week improvement in mutant-exercise mice was comparable to the improvement observed at 10 weeks in WT-exercise mice. WT mice exhibited a higher percentage of lipid between myofibers whereas, mutant mice had a significantly elevated proportion of myocellular lipid depots in small droplets. Overall, the novel HIF1α mice have enhanced improvements in muscle functionality and metabolism with exercise. This suggests that targeting HIF1α is a potential mechanism to substantially augment the beneficial effects of exercise. Reference: (1). Gunton JE. J Clin Invest. 2020 Oct 1;130(10):5063-5073.
Presentation: 6/3/2024