bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunting High and Low: Gravettian Hunting Weapons from Southern Italy to the Russian Plain
Authors: Borgia Valentina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe current paper aims at describing and analysing the backed tools found in two Early Gravettian sites separated geographically from each other: Grotta Paglicci (layer 23-22) in Italy, and Kostenki 8 (layer II) in Russia. A similarity between the lithic assemblages of the two sites, and other cultural aspects, has been reported by authors over many decades. The analysis of the backed tools has created the opportunity to apply the same methodological approach to verify the resemblance and potential causes for the similarity, and also to address broader considerations on Gravettian hunting strategies and the modalities and timing of the spread of new techniques, whether related to physical movement of people or assimilation of ideas. The perception is that, during the Gravettian period, shared symbolic behaviours and subsistence strategies linked people living in completely different environments with completely different resources, from the temperate regions of southern Italy, to the very cold Russian plains. This point of view cannot be questioned, but it tends to flatten an articulated palimpsest of human generations and to underestimate the very low demographic density of Prehistoric Europe.
Place Reference In Interaction
Authors: Enfield N.J. , Roque Lila San 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe language of place and space has been intensively studied in relation to grammatical characteristics, cross-linguistic variation, and cognition, as well as with regard to further questions central to social anthropology, psychology, and more. With this special issue, we focus on the pragmatic functions of references to places, as observed in informal social interaction. When people make reference to places in casual, everyday conversation, how do they do it, in what situations, and to what ends? We offer the first collection of findings from research on place reference in spontaneous, multi-party speech, with studies based on conversations recorded in the diverse geographic and cultural environments of outback Australia, highland New Guinea, island Indonesia and rural Mexico. The authors explore, from a range of angles, how and why people talk about place, for example, in regard to the vocabulary and grammar that a language has available to categorise space, and how people choose from among referential options in situated conversation to achieve communicative, social, and practical goals.
Positive Pressure Ventilation Improves Exercise Performance and Attenuates the Fall of Postexercise Inspiratory Muscular Strength in Rower Athletes
Authors: Gonçalves Thiago R. , Soares Pedro Paulo da S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Gonçalves, TR and Soares, PP. Positive pressure ventilation improves exercise performance and attenuates the fall of postexercise inspiratory muscular strength in rower athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 253–259, 2021—Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) can increase exercise performance in cyclists, but its effects are unclear in other exercise modes, especially those using large muscle mass. The aim of this study was to compare the exercise performance and postexercise inspiratory muscles' strength with and without PPV (NO-PPV) during rowing. Nine male rowers (19 ± 1 year) participated in 3 experimental days (M1, M2, and M3) separated by 1 week. In M1, rowers performed a 2,000-m test (2k) on a rowing ergometer to obtain average power (W2k). In M2 and M3, the rowers performed 4 minutes' workouts at 55, 65, 75, and 85% W2k, respectively, separated by 1 minute of recovery, with PPV and NO-PPV application in randomized order. Blood lactate (La) was measured during intervals. After submaximal exercises, with 10 minutes of “cool down,” the rowers performed a maximal performance test of 4 minutes (4-minute all-out rowing). Traveled distance was computed and correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) changes from pretest to posttest (∆). Positive pressure ventilation application increased the traveled distance in relation to NO-PPV exercise (1,210.7 ± 45.5 vs. 1,199.8 ± 43.4 m, p ≤ 0.05). The ∆MIP (cmH2O) was lower in PPV as compared to NO-PPV exercise (−19.1 ± 10.2 vs. −26.3 ± 7.9 cmH2O, p ≤ 0.05). The [La] showed no significant difference between PPV and NO-PPV exercises (p > 0.05). Therefore, the PPV during whole-body rowing exercise improved the exercise performance and attenuated the inspiratory postexercise fatigue. These findings suggest that inspiratory muscles' strength plays a role during high-intensity exercise with large muscle mass.
Effects of Variable Resistance Using Chains on Bench Throw Performance in Trained Rugby Players
Authors: Godwin Mark S. , Fernandes John F.T. , Twist Craig 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Godwin, MS, Fernandes, JFT, and Twist, C. Effects of variable resistance using chains on bench throw performance in trained rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 950–954, 2018—This study sought to determine the effects of variable resistance using chain resistance on bench throw performance. Eight male rugby union players (19.4 ± 2.3 years, 88.8 ± 6.0 kg, 1RM 105.6 ± 17.0 kg) were recruited from a national league team. In a randomized crossover design, participant's performed 3 bench throws at 45% one repetition maximum (1RM) at a constant load (no chains) or a variable load (30% 1RM constant load and 15% 1RM variable load; chains) with 7 days between conditions. For each repetition, the peak and mean velocity, peak power, peak acceleration, and time to peak velocity were recorded. Differences in peak and mean power were very likely trivial and unclear between the chain and no chain conditions, respectively. Possibly greater peak and likely greater mean bar velocity were accompanied by likely to most likely greater bar velocity between 50 and 400 ms from initiation of bench press in the chain condition compared with the no chain condition. Accordingly, bar acceleration was very likely greater in the chain condition compared with the no chain condition. In conclusion, these results show that the inclusion of chain resistance can acutely enhance several variables in the bench press throw and gives support to this type of training.
Constant Rate of Strain Consolidation Testing of Saturated Cohesive Soils Without Back Pressure Saturation
Authors: Landon Melissa E. , Marchetti Chistopher , DeGroot Don J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
ASTM D4186/D4186M-12, Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-Strain Loading, requires back pressure saturation for all specimens to accurately measure pore fluid pressure and flow behavior. Constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation testing performed without back pressure saturation has the potential to provide significant time and cost savings, as the need for costly back pressure saturation equipment and the time required for specimen back pressure saturation would be eliminated. The results of one-dimensional CRS consolidation comparison tests performed with and without back pressure saturation on high quality Sherbrooke block and 76-mm diameter modified tube specimens and on reconstituted specimens of low overconsolidation ratio, soft, saturated clays are presented herein. Comparison of the compression curves from specimens tested with and without back pressure saturation, especially at stresses greater than the estimated in situ vertical effective stress, show good agreement. Flow behavior between the two types of specimens is more erratic at low stresses but becomes more comparable as the effective stress level increases. It can be concluded from the results that accurate CRS consolidation stress–strain behavior can be measured for saturated specimens tested without back pressure saturation for stresses greater than the in situ vertical effective stress.
A Pulse Compression Technique for Improving the Temporal Resolution of Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Jiao Jingpin , Ma Ting , Hou Song , Wu Bin , He Cunfu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
It is difficult to interpret ultrasonic signals when the echoes that are reflected from the various target features overlap. In this paper, a pulse compression technique based on a combination of Wiener filtering and autoregressive (AR) spectral extrapolation is used to process ultrasonic signals to improve their temporal resolution. The influence of the AR order and the width of the frequency window in AR spectral extrapolation are discussed in detail, and optimal parameters are obtained. The technique is then applied to measure the size of the defects in a plate and discern two adjacent defects in a block using a phased array. It is shown that the widths of the defects in the plate were measured accurately and the two adjacent defects were distinguished well by the proposed technique.
Visually-Driven Maps in Area 3b
Authors: Kuehn Esther , Haggard Patrick , Villringer Arno , Pleger Burkhard , Sereno Martin I. 
Published: January 2018

Sensory perception relies on the precise neuronal encoding of modality-specific environmental features in primary sensory cortices. Some studies have reported the penetration of signals from other modalities even into early sensory areas. So far, no comprehensive account of maps induced by “foreign sources” exists. We addressed this question using surface-based topographic mapping techniques applied to ultra-high resolution fMRI neuroimaging data, measured in female participants. We show that fine-grained finger maps in human primary somatosensory cortex, area 3b, are somatotopically activated not only during tactile mechanical stimulation, but also when viewing the same fingers being touched. Visually-induced maps were weak in amplitude, but overlapped with the stronger tactile maps tangential to the cortical sheet when finger touches were observed in both first- and third-person perspectives. However, visually-induced maps did not overlap tactile maps when the observed fingers were only approached by an object but not actually touched. Our data provide evidence that “foreign source maps” in early sensory cortices are present in the healthy human brain, that their arrangement is precise, and that their induction is feature-selective. The computations required to generate such specific responses suggest that counterflow (feedback) processing may be much more spatially specific than has been often assumed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing ultra-high field fMRI, we provide empirical evidence that viewing touches activates topographically aligned single finger maps in human primary somatosensory cortical area 3b. This shows that “foreign source maps” in early sensory cortices are topographic, precise, and feature-selective in healthy human participants with intact sensory pathways.
Genome-Wide Characterization of DNA Methylation in an Invasive Lepidopteran Pest, the Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigera
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Lim Ka S , Chapman Jason W , Bass Chris 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe genes and genomes of insect pests are shaped by the wide array of selective forces encountered in their environments. While the molecular adaptations that evolve are beginning to be understood at the genomic and transcriptomic level, they have been less well characterized at an epigenetic level. Here, we present a genome-wide map of DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution for the cotton bollworm moth, Helicoverpa armigera, a globally invasive pest of agriculture. We show that methylation is almost identical in the larvae and adults of H. armigera and that, through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), at the most ∼0.9% of CpG sites in this species are methylated. We find that DNA methylation occurs primarily in exons, is positively correlated with gene expression, and that methylated genes are enriched for cellular “housekeeping” roles. H. armigera has an exceptional capacity for long-range migration. To explore the role of methylation in influencing the migratory phenotype of H. armigera, we performed targeted bisulfite sequencing on selected loci from 16 genes that were differentially expressed between adult moths exhibiting distinct flight performance in behavioral assays. While most CpG sites in these genes were not methylated between flight phenotypes, we identified hypermethylation in a demethylase (KDM4) that targets lysine-specific histone modifications, which are strongly associated with transcription and methylation. The H. armigera methylome provides new insights into the role of DNA methylation in a noctuid moth and is a valuable resource for further research into the epigenetic control of adaptive traits in this important pest.
Large-Scale Low-Cost NGS Library Preparation Using a Robust Tn5 Purification and Tagmentation Protocol
Authors: Hennig Bianca P , Velten Lars , Racke Ines , Tu Chelsea Szu , Thoms Matthias , Rybin Vladimir , Besir Hüseyin , Remans Kim , Steinmetz Lars M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Efficient preparation of high-quality sequencing libraries that well represent the biological sample is a key step for using next-generation sequencing in research. Tn5 enables fast, robust, and highly efficient processing of limited input material while scaling to the parallel processing of hundreds of samples. Here, we present a robust Tn5 transposase purification strategy based on an N-terminal His6-Sumo3 tag. We demonstrate that libraries prepared with our in-house Tn5 are of the same quality as those processed with a commercially available kit (Nextera XT), while they dramatically reduce the cost of large-scale experiments. We introduce improved purification strategies for two versions of the Tn5 enzyme. The first version carries the previously reported point mutations E54K and L372P, and stably produces libraries of constant fragment size distribution, even if the Tn5-to-input molecule ratio varies. The second Tn5 construct carries an additional point mutation (R27S) in the DNA-binding domain. This construct allows for adjustment of the fragment size distribution based on enzyme concentration during tagmentation, a feature that opens new opportunities for use of Tn5 in customized experimental designs. We demonstrate the versatility of our Tn5 enzymes in different experimental settings, including a novel single-cell polyadenylation site mapping protocol as well as ultralow input DNA sequencing.
Improving Genomic Prediction in Cassava Field Experiments Using Spatial Analysis
Authors: Elias Ani A , Rabbi Ismail , Kulakow Peter , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple food in sub-Saharan Africa. Breeding experiments were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in cassava to select elite parents. Taking into account the heterogeneity in the field while evaluating these trials can increase the accuracy in estimation of breeding values. We used an exploratory approach using the parametric spatial kernels Power, Spherical, and Gaussian to determine the best kernel for a given scenario. The spatial kernel was fit simultaneously with a genomic kernel in a genomic selection model. Predictability of these models was tested through a 10-fold cross-validation method repeated five times. The best model was chosen as the one with the lowest prediction root mean squared error compared to that of the base model having no spatial kernel. Results from our real and simulated data studies indicated that predictability can be increased by accounting for spatial variation irrespective of the heritability of the trait. In real data scenarios we observed that the accuracy can be increased by a median value of 3.4%. Through simulations, we showed that a 21% increase in accuracy can be achieved. We also found that Range (row) directional spatial kernels, mostly Gaussian, explained the spatial variance in 71% of the scenarios when spatial correlation was significant.
Selection-Enhanced Mutagenesis of lac Genes Is Due to Their Coamplification with dinB Encoding an Error-Prone DNA Polymerase
Authors: Yamayoshi Itsugo , Maisnier-Patin Sophie , Roth John R 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
To test whether growth limitation induces mutations, Cairns and Foster constructed an Escherichia coli strain whose mutant lac allele provides 1–2% of normal ability to use lactose. This strain cannot grow on lactose, but produces ∼50 Lac+ revertant colonies per 108 plated cells over 5 days. About 80% of revertants carry a stable lac+ mutation made by the error-prone DinB polymerase, which may be induced during growth limitation; 10% of Lac+ revertants are stable but form without DinB; and the remaining 10% grow by amplifying their mutant lac allele and are unstably Lac+. Induced DinB mutagenesis has been explained in two ways: (1) upregulation of dinB expression in nongrowing cells (“stress-induced mutagenesis”) or (2) selected local overreplication of the lac and dinB+ genes on lactose medium (selected amplification) in cells that are not dividing. Transcription of dinB is necessary but not sufficient for mutagenesis. Evidence is presented that DinB enhances reversion only when encoded somewhere on the F’lac plasmid that carries the mutant lac gene. A new model will propose that rare preexisting cells (1 in a 1000) have ∼10 copies of the F’lac plasmid, providing them with enough energy to divide, mate, and overreplicate their F’lac plasmid under selective conditions. In these clones, repeated replication of F’lac in nondividing cells directs opportunities for lac reversion and increases the copy number of the dinB+ gene. Amplification of dinB+ increases the error rate of replication and increases the number of lac+ revertants. Thus, reversion is enhanced in nondividing cells not by stress-induced mutagenesis, but by selected coamplification of the dinB and lac genes, both of which happen to lie on the F’lac plasmid.
New Role for an Old Protein: An Educational Primer for Use with “The Identification of a Novel Mutant Allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals a Unique Role in Chromosome Segregation During Spermatogenesis”
Authors: Boateng Ruby , Allen Anna K 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Modern experimental techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 endogenous genome editing, are enabling researchers to identify and further characterize the roles of proteins that were previously thought of as well defined. In the December 2016 issue of GENETICS, an article by Jaramillo-Lambert et al. identified a new role for the enzyme topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans male meiosis. This Primer article is designed to provide essential background information on C. elegans spermatogenesis and the relevant scientific techniques that will assist students and instructors in their understanding and discussion of the related article.
Related article in GENETICS: Jaramillo-Lambert, A., A. S. Fabritius A. S., T. J. Hansen T. J., H. E. Smith H. E., and A. Golden A., 2016 The identification of a novel mutant allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals a unique role in chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis. Genetics 204: 1407–1422.
An Expanded Role for the RFX Transcription Factor DAF-19, with Dual Functions in Ciliated and Nonciliated Neurons
Authors: De Stasio Elizabeth A , Mueller Katherine P , Bauer Rosemary J , Hurlburt Alexander J , Bice Sophie A , Scholtz Sophie L , Phirke Prasad , Sugiaman-Trapman Debora , Stinson Loraina A , Olson Haili B , Vogel Savannah L , Ek-Vazquez Zabdiel , Esemen Yagmur , Korzynski Jessica , Wolfe Kelsey , Arbuckle Bonnie N , Zhang He , Lombard-Knapp Gaelen , Piasecki Brian P , Swoboda Peter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Regulatory Factor X (RFX) transcription factors (TFs) are best known for activating genes required for ciliogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, eight RFX TFs have a variety of tissue-specific functions, while in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the sole RFX gene, daf-19, encodes a set of nested isoforms. Null alleles of daf-19 confer pleiotropic effects including altered development with a dauer constitutive phenotype, complete absence of cilia and ciliary proteins, and defects in synaptic protein maintenance. We sought to identify RFX/daf-19 target genes associated with neuronal functions other than ciliogenesis using comparative transcriptome analyses at different life stages of the worm. Subsequent characterization of gene expression patterns revealed one set of genes activated in the presence of DAF-19 in ciliated sensory neurons, whose activation requires the daf-19c isoform, also required for ciliogenesis. A second set of genes is downregulated in the presence of DAF-19, primarily in nonsensory neurons. The human orthologs of some of these neuronal genes are associated with human diseases. We report the novel finding that daf-19a is directly or indirectly responsible for downregulation of these neuronal genes in C. elegans by characterizing a new mutation affecting the daf-19a isoform (tm5562) and not associated with ciliogenesis, but which confers synaptic and behavioral defects. Thus, we have identified a new regulatory role for RFX TFs in the nervous system. The new daf-19 candidate target genes we have identified by transcriptomics will serve to uncover the molecular underpinnings of the pleiotropic effects that daf-19 exerts on nervous system function.
MaizeDek37Encodes a P-type PPR Protein That Affectscis-Splicing of Mitochondrialnad2Intron 1 and Seed Development
Authors: Dai Dawei , Luan Shengchao , Chen Xiuzu , Wang Qun , Feng Yang , Zhu Chenguang , Qi Weiwei , Song Rentao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMitochondrial group II introns require the participation of numerous nucleus-encoded general and specific factors to achieve efficient splicing in vivo. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been implicated in assisting group II intron splicing. Here, we identified and characterized a new maize seed mutant, defective kernel 37 (dek37), which has significantly delayed endosperm and embryo development. Dek37 encodes a classic P-type PPR protein that targets mitochondria. The dek37 mutation causes no detectable DEK37 protein in mutant seeds. Mitochondrial transcripts analysis indicated that dek37 mutation decreases splicing efficiency of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1, leading to reduced assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity of complex I. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed severe morphological defects of mitochondria in dek37. Transcriptome analysis of dek37 endosperm indicated enhanced expression in the alternative respiratory pathway and extensive differentially expressed genes related to mitochondrial function. These results indicated that Dek37 is involved in cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1 and is required for complex I assembly, mitochondrial function, and seed development in maize.