bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Returning from Rebel Captivity: Forced Marriage, Emotions and Reintegration in Uganda
Authors: Kiconco Allen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article explores the complexities of reintegration among formerly abducted women in Uganda, focusing on the dynamic emotional interactions between returnees and their communities. Through qualitative interviews and fieldwork, the research reveals that reintegration is a multifaceted social process that involves renegotiating identities and social roles. Despite the prevailing assumption that returning to one’s home community is the most effective path to reintegration, the article finds that many returnees face significant challenges in rebuilding social connections and overcoming stigma. Emotions such as fear, anger, and mistrust drive the behaviour of these returnees as they navigate the reintegration process, often resulting in feelings of isolation and desperation. The findings challenge the conventional ddr (Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration) approach, which emphasises returning to one’s original community for reintegration. Instead, they suggest that reintegration interventions should be flexible and tailored to individual circumstances, allowing returnees to explore alternative options for reintegration, including integrating into new environments.
Effectiveness of malaria chemoprevention in the first two years of life in Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire compared to standard of care: study protocol for a population-based prospective cohort impact evaluation study
Authors: Stresman Gillian , Lal Sham , Bruce Jane , Nji Akindeh , Serge-Brice Assi , Mosoff Jonna , McGirr Alba , Gore-Langton Georgia , McGuire Michaela , Sinsai James , Lele Albertine , Tah-Monunde Mercy , Kouadio Zah-Bi , Anatole Mian , Konate-Toure Abibatou , Clarke Sian Elisabeth , Gosling Roland , Mbacham Wilfred Fon , Yavo William , Chico R. Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) is a chemoprevention strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is increasingly being adopted by National Malaria Programmes. PMC aims to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by malaria and anaemia in in young children through provision of antimalarial drugs at routine contact points with the local health system. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the programmatically-implemented country-tailored PMC programmes targeting children up to two years of age using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) on the incidence of malaria and anaemia in children in Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire.

Methods
We will assess the impact of PMC using passive and active monitoring of a prospective observational cohort of children up to 36 months of age at recruitment in selected study sites in Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire. The primary and secondary outcomes include malaria, anaemia and malnutrition incidence. We will also conduct a time-series analysis of passively detected malaria and anaemia cases comparing the periods before and after PMC introduction. This study is powered to detect a 30% and 40% reduction of malaria incidence compared to the standard of care in Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire, respectively.

Discussion
This multi-country study aims to provide evidence of the effectiveness of PMC targeting children in the first two years of life on malaria and anaemia and will provide important information to inform optimal operationalization and evaluation of this strategy.

Trial Registration
Cameroon - NCT05889052; Côte d’Ivoire - NCT05856357.
“Starting to think that way from the start”: approaching deprescribing decision-making for people accessing palliative care - a qualitative exploration of healthcare professionals views
Authors: Robinson-Barella Anna , Richardson Charlotte Lucy , Bayley Zana , Husband Andy , Bojke Andy , Bojke Rona , Exley Catherine , Hanratty Barbara , Elverson Joanna , Jansen Jesse , Todd Adam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Deprescribing has been defined as the planned process of reducing or stopping medications that may no longer be beneficial or are causing harm, with the goal of reducing medication burden while improving patient quality of life. At present, little is known about the specific challenges of decision-making to support deprescribing for patients who are accessing palliative care. By exploring the perspectives of healthcare professionals, this qualitative study aimed to address this gap, and explore the challenges of, and potential solutions to, making decisions about deprescribing in a palliative care context.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals in-person or via video call, between August 2022 – January 2023. Perspectives on approaches to deprescribing in palliative care; when and how they might deprescribe; and the role of carers and family members within this process were discussed. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the development of themes. QSR NVivo (Version 12) facilitated data management. Ethical approval was obtained from the NHS Health Research Authority (ref 305394).

Results
Twenty healthcare professionals were interviewed, including: medical consultants, nurses, specialist pharmacists, and general practitioners (GPs). Participants described the importance of deprescribing decision-making, and that it should be a considered, proactive, and planned process. Three themes were developed from the data, which centred on: (1) professional attitudes, competency and responsibility towards deprescribing; (2) changing the culture of deprescribing; and (3) involving the patient and family/caregivers in deprescribing decision-making.

Conclusions
This study sought to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals with responsibility for making deprescribing decisions with people accessing palliative care services. A range of healthcare professionals identified the importance of supporting decision-making in deprescribing, so it becomes a proactive process within a patient’s care journey, rather than a reactive consequence. Future work should explore how healthcare professionals, patients and their family can be supported in the shared decision-making processes of deprescribing.

Trial registration
Ethical approval was obtained from the NHS Health Research Authority (ref 305394).
Duodenal and colonic mucosal S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) expression is increased and correlates with the severity of select histologic lesions in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Nestler Jasmin , Syrjä Pernilla , Kilpinen Susanne , Moniz Clara Antunes , Spillmann Thomas , Hanifeh Mohsen , Heilmann Romy M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Calprotectin, a damage-associated molecular pattern protein of the S100/calgranulin family, is a potential marker of gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs and mainly originates from activated macrophages and granulocytes. Increased calprotectin concentrations are reported in feces and serum samples from dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE), but mucosal calprotectin expression has not been extensively investigated in canine CIE. Thus, we aimed to evaluate gastrointestinal mucosal concentrations of calprotectin in 62 dogs (44 dogs with CIE compared to 18 healthy Beagles) using a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay method. Additionally, we assessed the relationship of gastric, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and colonic mucosal calprotectin levels with the clinical disease severity (canine clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index, CIBDAI), histopathologic findings, clinical outcome, and serum albumin concentrations to further evaluate the potential of calprotectin as a biomarker for CIE.

Results
Mucosal calprotectin concentrations in dogs with CIE were significantly higher in the duodenum (median: 276.2 μg/g) and colon (median: 298.2 μg/g) compared to healthy controls (median: 94.3 μg/g, P = 0.0039; and median: 112.0 μg/g, P = 0.0061). Similar numerical differences in the ileum and cecum were not statistically significant, and mucosal calprotectin concentrations correlated significantly among the different gastrointestinal segments. Histologic lesion severity was linked to mucosal calprotectin concentrations for inflammatory and structural histology criteria in the duodenum and colon (all P < 0.05). Higher mucosal calprotectin levels in the duodenum and across all segments correlated with lower serum albumin concentrations (both P < 0.05); duodenal mucosal calprotectin concentrations were more than sixfold higher in hypoalbuminemic dogs (median: 1441 µg/g, n = 4) than normoalbuminemic dogs (median: 227 µg/g, n = 40). There was no significant association of mucosal calprotectin levels with CIBDAI scores or individual clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
These results show that duodenal and colonic mucosal calprotectin concentrations are increased in dogs with CIE, providing further supporting evidence for the diagnostic potential of fecal calprotectin (presumably reflecting mucosal) concentrations and in dogs with CIE. Further longitudinal research is needed to assess changes in mucosal calprotectin concentrations with clinical response to treatment vs. mucosal disease remission and to determine the clinical utility of fecal calprotectin concentrations to diagnose and monitor dogs with CIE in clinical practice.
Apoptosis and cuproptosis Co-activated Copper-based metal-organic frameworks for cancer therapy
Authors: Li Kun , Wu Leilei , Wang Han , Fu Zi , Gao Jiani , Liu Xiucheng , Fan Yongfei , Qin Xichun , Ni Dalong , Wang Jing , Xie Dong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLung cancer, predominantly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a significant global health challenge, with limited therapeutic options for patients with KRAS-mutated tumors. Herein, a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was applied as a novel cuproptosis-mediated nanoplatform for lung cancer therapy. Cu-MOF would disassemble and liberate copper ions under the acidic microenvironment of lysosomes of cancer cells, initiating a cascade of cellular events. The released copper ions catalyzes the Fenton reaction, generating hydroxyl radicals that induce oxidative damage, leading to cytoskeletal disruption and activation of caspase-3, ultimately triggering apoptosis. Simultaneously, with the mediation of the key regulatory factor FDX1, we found that the copper ions binding to the mitochondrial protein DLAT could result in the loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins and aggregation of lipoylated proteins, which culminated in proteotoxic stress-induced cuproptosis. The pronounced anti-tumor effects of Cu-MOF with apoptosis and cuproptosis were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Such dual induction of apoptosis and cuproptosis by Cu-MOF presents a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC, particularly for KRAS-mutated tumors, and expands potential applications of Cu-based nanomateirals for other cancers.
Membrane RRM2-positive cells represent a malignant population with cancer stem cell features in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yongzhi , Xue Shuting , Wei Danduo , Zhang Jianjuan , Zhang Nachuan , Mao Liping , Liu Niya , Zhao Lei , Yan Jianing , Wang Yifan , Cai Xiujun , Zhu Saiyong , Roessler Stephanie , Ji Junfang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is one of the most lethal malignancies and highly heterogeneous. We thus aimed to identify and characterize iCCA cell subpopulations with severe malignant features.

Methods
Transcriptomic datasets from three independent iCCA cohorts (iCCA cohorts 1–3, n = 382) and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from iCCA cohort 4 (n = 31) were used. An unbiased global screening strategy was established, including the transcriptome analysis with the activated malignancy/stemness (MS) signature in iCCA cohorts 1–3 and the mass spectrometry analysis of the sorted stemness reporter-positive iCCA cells. A group of cellular assays and subcutaneous tumor xenograft assay were performed to investigate functional roles of the candidate. Immunohistochemistry was performed in iCCA cohort 4 to examine the expression and localization of the candidate. Molecular and biochemical assays were used to evaluate the membrane localization and functional protein domains of the candidate. Cell sorting was performed and the corresponding cellular molecular assays were utilized to examine cancer stem cell features of the sorted cells.

Results
The unbiased global screening identified RRM2 as the top candidate, with a significantly higher level in iCCA patients with the MS signature activation and in iCCA cells positive for the stemness reporter. Consistently, silencing RRM2 significantly suppressed iCCA malignancy phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of iCCA patients revealed an unreported cell membrane localization of RRM2, in contrast to its usual cytoplasmic localization. RRM2 cell membrane localization was then confirmed in iCCA cells via immunofluorescence with or without cell membrane permeabilization, cell fractionation assay and cell surface biotinylation assay. Meanwhile, an unclassical signal peptide and a transmembrane domain of RRM2 were revealed experimentally. They were essential for RRM2 trafficking to cell membrane via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi secretory pathway. Furthermore, the membrane RRM2-positive iCCA cells were successfully sorted. These cells possessed significant cancer stem cell malignant features including cell differentiation ability, self-renewal ability, tumor initiation ability, and stemness/malignancy gene signatures. Patients with membrane RRM2-positive iCCA cells had poor prognosis.

Conclusions
RRM2 had an alternative cell membrane localization. The membrane RRM2-positive iCCA cells represented a malignant subpopulation with cancer stem cell features.
Sodium Houttuyniae attenuates ferroptosis by regulating TRAF6-c-Myc signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI)
Authors: Li Juan , Hu Yan-ping , Liang Xing-ling , Liu Ming-wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe impact of Sodium Houttuyniae (SH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI has been investigated extensively. However, it remains ambiguous whether ferroptosis participates in this process. This study aimed to find out the impacts and probable mechanisms of SH on LPS-induced ferroptosis. A rat ALI model and type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cell injury model were treated with LPS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Giemsa staining were executed to ascertain the effects of SH on LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, Transmission electron microscopy, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), ferrous iron colorimetric assay kit, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Reactive oxygen species assay kit, western blotting (Wb), and qRT-PCR examined the impacts of SH on LPS-induced ferroptosis and ferroptosis-related pathways. Theresults found that by using SH treatment, there was a remarkable attenuation of ALI by suppressing LPS-induced ferroptosis. Ferroptosis was demonstrated by a decline in the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), FTH1, and glutathione (GSH) and a surge in the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOX1, NCOA4, and Fe2+, and disruption of mitochondrial structure, which were reversed by SH treatment. SH suppressed ferroptosis by regulating TRAF6-c-Myc in ALI rats and rat ATII cells. The results suggested that SH treatment attenuated LPS-induced ALI by repressing ferroptosis, and the mode of action can be linked to regulating the TRAF6-c-Myc signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides originated from green algae: structure, extraction, purification, activity and applications
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Hui , Zhu Benwei , Yao Zhong , Ning Limin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the proceeding of global warming and water eutrophication, the phenomenon of green tide has garnered significant societal interest. Consequently, researchers had increasingly focused on the potential applications of green algae biomass, particularly its polysaccharides. The polysaccharide serves as the primary active constituent of green algae and has demonstrated numerous advantageous biological activities, including antioxidant, antiviral, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic and immuno-modulatory activities. The favorable bioavailability and solubility of green algae oligosaccharides are attributed to their low molecular weight. So there has been a growing interest in researching green algae polysaccharides and oligosaccharides for the utilization of marine biological resources. This review summarized the extraction, purification, chemical structure, composition, biological activity, and potential applications prospect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from green algae. The review could be helpful for expanding the applications of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of green algae.

Graphical Abstract
In vitro antiproliferative activities of some Ghanaian medicinal plants
Authors: Addy Bright Selorm , Firempong Caleb Kesse , Komlaga Gustav , Addo-Fordjour Patrick , Domfeh Seth Agyei , Afolayan Olutwatomisin , Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer continues to pose a significant threat to human well-being due to the overwhelming rate of morbidity and mortality associated with it. Hence, the quest for newer, effective and safer anticancer agents has become more crucial. Over the years, some medicinal plants have been used to treat abnormal tissue growths (tumours) in Ghana. Even though sufficient literature points out that people found some relief in their use, there is limited scientific evidence of their antiproliferative activities.

Method
Ethanolic extracts of nine medicinal plant materials from seven plant species, including the stem bark of Terminalia superba, Talbotiella gentii and Ceiba pentandra and the leaves of Morinda lucida, Dracaena arborea, Dioscorea dumetorum, Thaumatococcus danielli, Ceiba pentandra and Talbotiella gentii, were evaluated for antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and mammary adenocarcinoma) using an MTT-based assay.

Results
The extract of C. pentandra leaves, exhibited generally higher antiproliferative activity, which was particularly substantial against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells (IC50 = 16.3 µg/mL) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (RKO) cells (IC50 = 18.7 µg/mL). All the other plant materials demonstrated weak (IC50: 201–500 µg/mL) to moderate (IC50: 21–200 µg/mL) antiproliferative activities against the four cancer cell lines.

Conclusion
The extracts of the plant materials demonstrated varied antiproliferative activities. Extract of C. pentandra leaves exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity. The IC50 values of C. pentandra leaves met the benchmark to be considered effective against HepG2 and RKO cancer cell lines in particular. Therefore, there is the need to further undertake fractionation work on C. pentandra leaves. The antiproliferative effect of extract of C. pentandra leaves against other cancer cell lines and normal cell line could also be explored in the future to ascertain the anticancer potential of this plant material. Generally, findings from this work support the indigenous use of these plant materials in treating abnormal tissue growth in Ghana.
Patient, Parent, and Oncologist Perspectives and Recommendations on the Right Way to Talk About Prognosis in Advanced Childhood Cancer
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Farner Harmony , Mehler Shoshana , Bien Kelly , Mali Nidhi , Brinkman Tara M. , Baker Justin N. , Hinds Pamela , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Clear prognostic communication is associated with improvements in quality of life and suffering for children with advanced illness. Yet recent evidence demonstrates that pediatric oncologists often avoid, defer, or soften prognostic disclosure. We aimed to describe pediatric cancer shareholder perspectives on quality prognostic communication to inform design of an intervention to improve prognostic disclosure in advanced childhood cancer. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of pediatric patients with cancer (n = 20), parents (n = 20), and oncologists (n = 20) representing six institutions across five states. Rapid analysis was performed using the National Cancer Institute core communication functions to organize domains of inquiry. RESULTS Three main themes were endorsed by participants regarding the ideal timing of prognostic disclosure: early, ongoing, individualized. Although each group emphasized the need for an individualized approach, oncologists rarely elicited patient/parent preferences for prognostic communication and more commonly inferred what a patient/family wanted to hear. Participants described five key pillars for how to facilitate quality prognostic disclosure: conversation leadership, overall attendance, patient inclusion, location, and atmosphere. They also identified four themes around ideal prognostic content: range of information, use of numbers, population-level versus patient-specific information, and tone/delivery. Discordant recommendations between patients/parents and oncologists emerged for how much and what information to share. CONCLUSION Pediatric cancer shareholders advocated for diverse, and sometimes conflicting, approaches for prognostic disclosure. Although nearly all participants endorsed the importance of individualized prognostic disclosure, specific strategies to encourage or facilitate person-centered prognostic conversation are lacking. Future research will focus on collaboration with pediatric patients, parents, and oncologists to codesign a clinical intervention to improve prognostic communication for children with advanced cancer and their families.
Collaboration as a Window on What Science Has Come
Authors: Turner Steven 
Published: September 2024

Agnieszka Olechnicka et al. have nicely documented developments in the internationalization of science and collaboration which raise important broader question. The traditional view, elaborated by Michael Polanyi, was that the transmission of science at the level of discaverers required personal contact, which normally inovolve time spent in laboratories of famous scientists, and hands-on experience with experiments and close interaction with collegues, which in turn implied a few international centres. Has this changed through digitalization and the internet? One change is the increase in teamwork and the size and physical distribution of research teams, the outsourcing to the larger world of "open science", as well as novel forms of funding of collaboration, which creates the need for new arrangements for patents and credit. The huge size of the grant system and other funding for science from discovery and internal competition to "impact", which has inevitable effects on quality and the life-world orientation of scientists. Whether this has improved science is an open question: it has radically changed it.