bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluralism and Religious Harmony in Religious Elites Perspectives in Malang City
Authors: Sumbulah Umi 
Published: December 2015

This study aims to understand the religious elite view of pluralism and religious harmony in Malang. The study was focused on the meaning of pluralism and religious harmony, efforts and things that support and hinder the realization of religious harmony. Empirical research data with qualitative-phenomenological approach was collected through interviews and documentation. The results show: first, the meaning of religious pluralism for the religious elites is very varied, which is the same as tolerance, mutual respect, the goal of all religions are the same, and recognize the fact that there are many religions in this world. Second, religious<br />harmony have meaning as a condition where there is no oppression and domination of one religion over other religions, awakening a deep awareness of diversity, respect for human rights, and the willingness to spread kindness and love for fellow human beings. Third, religious harmony can be achieved through internal efforts to strengthen the faith of each and build awareness to develop a positive attitude towards other religions. In external efforts to create harmony done through emancipatory dialogue and cooperation to resolve humanitarian issues. Fourth, positive attitude that supports the creation of harmony of religions is the willingness and awareness to understand each other and share experiences. Egoism, truth claims, fanaticism, and exclusivism is a negative attitude and expression recognized by the religious elite can interfere with the establishment of inter-religious harmony.<br /><br />
Tradition of Hileyiya: The Interaction Between Religion and Traditions in Gorontalo in Sociology of Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Darwis Rizal 
Published: December 2015

<p><em>Interaction between tradition and religion in Indonesia can</em><em>no</em><em>t be denied. Historically, the development of national law was based on three difference laws: customary law, western law (particularly Dutch law), and Islamic law. </em><em>This affects on the acceptance of the tradition that does not contradict with the religious law. </em><em> This paper examines the tradition of hileyiya or funeral ceremony which is prominent among Gorontalo’s society from the sociolo</em><em>gy</em><em> of Islamic law</em><em> perspective</em><em>. It is a descriptive qualitative research and the data was collected using observation, interviews, and document review. Finding of this study revealed that tradition of hileyiya </em><em>consisting of </em><em>the reciting of the Qur’an, tahlil, tahmid, shalawat and dzikir</em><em> </em><em>has bec</em><em>o</em><em>me a </em><em>legacy</em><em> for Gorontalo’s society. In </em><em>the </em><em>sociology of Islamic law perspective, this practice provides various benefits to the dead family and the visitors. For instance, the benefits of reciting the Qur’an believed can be passed on to the dead, serve to tranquil the dead family, and remind people about the death. It can be regarded as al-urf-shahih (and it was legitimized by the basis of Islamic law as al-adat al-muhakkamah (customs can be law).</em><em></em></p>
Prevalence, Etiology and Treatment of Peri‐Implant Mucositis and Peri‐Implantitis: A Survey of Periodontists in the United States
Authors: Papathanasiou Evangelos , Finkelman Matthew , Hanley James , Parashis Andreas O. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Currently, information available on the exact prevalence and standard therapeutic protocol of peri‐implant diseases is insufficient. The aim of this survey was to investigate the perceived prevalence, etiology, and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis by periodontists in the United States.Methods: A twenty‐question survey was developed. Periodontists currently practicing in the United States were contacted by an e‐mail that contained a link to access the survey.Results: Two hundred eighty periodontists (79.3% males; 62.9% with >10 years in practice, 75.7% in private practice) completed the survey. Most (96.1%) of the participants were placing implants (58.3% for >10 years and 32.4% >150 implants/year). The majority reported that the prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis in their practices is up to 25% but is higher in the general US population and that up to 10% of implants must be removed due to peri‐implantitis. There was agreement among contributing etiologic factors such as: 1) plaque; 2) smoking; 3) adverse loading; 4) oral hygiene; 5) use of antimicrobial gel/mouthrinse; 6) non‐surgical debridement; 7) use of systemic antibiotics; and 8) 3‐month supportive care for treatment of peri‐implantitis. Significant heterogeneity was recorded in relation to the instruments used for debridement, use and type of surgical treatment, and materials used for regeneration. Only 5.1% believed that treatment is very effective.Conclusions: This survey indicates that peri‐implant diseases are a frequently encountered problem in periodontal practices and that the absence of a standard therapeutic protocol results in significant empirical use of therapeutic modalities and a moderately effective treatment outcome.
Prediabetes Enhances Periodontal Inflammation Consistent With Activation of Toll‐Like Receptor–Mediated Nuclear Factor‐κB Pathway in Rats
Authors: Huang Yanli , Guo Weihua , Zeng Jin , Chen Guoqing , Sun Wenhua , Zhang Xuexin , Tian Weidong 
Published: December 2015

Background: Clinical studies have showed that prediabetes (preDM) is a predisposing factor for periodontitis. However, the pathogenic mechanism involved is unclear. Because it is known that the activation of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐mediated nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in periodontitis, it is hypothesized that preDM enhances periodontal inflammation by activation of the TLR‐mediated NF‐κB pathway.Methods: In this study, a preDM rat model is established by feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD). HFD‐induced rats with preDM (n = 7) and normal chow–fed rats (n = 7) were studied. The animal model was characterized in terms of body weight and the glycemic and insulinemic profiles. The following parameters were assessed to evaluate possible early periodontal alterations and underlying mechanisms: 1) histology analysis of periodontal tissue; and 2) serum and mRNA levels and/or the tissue protein expression of TLRs, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF‐κB, cytokines, advanced glucose ends (AGEs), and free fatty acids (FFAs).Results: Rats with preDM presented higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in periodontal tissue in the HFD group compared with the control group. The TLR2 and TLR4 was mostly expressed in gingiva, and TLR4 was expressed in periodontal ligament in rats. Furthermore, the MyD88 and TRAF6 protein levels were significantly increased in gingiva in rats with preDM compared with normal rats. The activity of NF‐κB signals was higher in rats with preDM than in normal rats. Regarding cytokines expression, the TNF‐α protein levels and interleukin‐1β mRNA levels were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. In the serum, AGEs levels were significantly increased in the rats with preDM. Mean FFAs concentrations were increased in rats with preDM compared with normal rats, but it did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion: In rats with preDM, TLR2 and TLR4 gene and protein levels were higher in periodontal tissue, and the activation of NF‐κB may, through TLRs/MyD88, cause more cytokine secretion, which is associated with the onset or development of periodontal disease.
Spatio‐temporal Scaling of Vegetation Growth and Soil Formation from Percolation Theory
Authors: Hunt A.G. 
Published: December 2015

Core Ideas
Solute or nutrient transport limits soil formation and vegetation growth
Limitations on solute transport can only be understood within non‐Gaussian theories
Three scaling relationships have a common origin in space and time
Nutrient transport constraints limit vascular plant growth
Solute transport constraints limit soil development
Critical path analysis (CPA) is suited to calculating the hydraulic conductivity, K, of heterogeneous porous media by quantifying the paths of least resistance. Whenever CPA can be used to calculate K, advective transport scaling relationships from percolation theory should describe solute transport. Two solute transport relationships were applied to predict soil development and edaphic constraints on natural vegetation growth. These results used known exponents from percolation theory and known subsurface flow velocities. The typical flow velocity itself constrains the optimal growth rates of cultivars. The percolation scaling relationship constraining vegetation growth was shown to be in accord with data across time scales from hours to 100,000 yr, including more than a dozen studies (and two models) of tree growth. The scaling function for soil development explains time scales for the formation of soils from years to hundreds of millions of years. Data on soil development came from 23 different studies. The key unification is the common origin of the time and space coordinates for all three relationships in the transport time through a single pore of roughly micrometer size at a typical subsurface pore‐scale flow velocity. The distinction in evolving time scales is primarily a result of the hierarchical nature of vascular plant root systems, which speed up nutrient access relative to physical transport rates in the soil. The results help explain reductions in forest productivity with age, diminishing soil production with time, and the temporal distinction between chemical and biological processes in soils and their relevance to the global C cycle.
Eye Gaze Correlates of Motor Impairment in VR Observation of Motor Actions
Authors: Vourvopoulos A. , Bernardino A. , Badia i Bermúdez , Alves J. 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Methodologies, Models and Algorithms for Patients Rehabilitation”. Objective: Identify eye gaze correlates of motor impairment in a virtual reality motor observation task in a study with healthy participants and stroke patients. Methods: Participants consisted of a group of healthy subjects (N = 20) and a group of stroke survivors (N = 10). Both groups were required to observe a simple reach-and-grab and place-and-release task in a virtual environment. Additionally, healthy subjects were required to observe the task in a normal condition and a constrained movement condition. Eye movements were recorded during the observation task for later analysis. Results: For healthy participants, results showed differences in gaze metrics when comparing the normal and arm-constrained conditions. Differences in gaze metrics were also found when comparing dominant and non-dominant arm for saccades and smooth pursuit events. For stroke patients, results showed longer smooth pursuit segments in action observation when observing the paretic arm, thus providing evidence that the affected circuitry may be activated for eye gaze control during observation of the simulated motor action. Conclusions: This study suggests that neural motor circuits are involved, at multiple levels, in observation of motor actions displayed in a virtual reality environment. Thus, eye tracking combined with action observation tasks in a virtual reality display can be used to monitor motor deficits derived from stroke, and consequently can also be used for re -habilitation of stroke patients.
Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography
Authors: Yasukawa Shinji , Tanegashima Koji , Seki Mamiko , Teshima Kenji , Asano Kazushi , Nakayama Tomohiro , Hayashi Kei , Edamura Kazuya 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate morphological parameters of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation (MPL) using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and to compare these parameters between radiography and CT.Methods: Thirty-five hindlimbs of Toy Poodles were divided into normal and grade 2 and 4 MPL groups. The anatomical and mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle, anatomical and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA, mLDFA), femoral varus angle (FVA), inclination of the femoral head angle, procurvation angle, anteversion angle (AA), frontal angle of the femoral neck, mechanical medial proximal or distal tibial angle, mechanical cranial proximal or distal tibial angle, tibial plateau angle, tibial torsion angle (TTA), Z angle, relative tibial tuberosity width, ratio of the medial distance of tibial tuberosity to the proximal tibial width (MDTT/PTW), patella size, and the patellar ligament length: patellar length (L:P) ratio were evaluated on radiography and 3D CT.Results: The aLDFA, mLDFA, FVA, and TTA were significantly larger and the AA, MDTT/ PTW, and patella were significantly smaller in the grade 4 MPL group. There were significant differences in many parameters between imaging tools, and CT was considered less susceptible to potential artefacts and rotational deformities.Clinical significance: Toy Poodles with grade 4 MPL had significant femoral varus deformity, medial displacement of the tibial tuberosity, internal torsion of the proximal tibia, and hypoplasia of the patella.
Understanding diploid diversity: A first step in unraveling polyploid, apomictic complexity in Amelanchier
Authors: Burgess Michael B. , Cushman Kevin R. , Doucette Eric T. , Frye Christopher T. , Campbell Christopher S. 
Published: December 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Delimitation of Amelanchier species is difficult because of polyploidy and gametophytic apomixis. A first step in unraveling this species problem is understanding the diversity of the diploids that contributed genomes to polyploid apomicts. This research helps clarify challenging species‐delimitation problems attending polyploid, apomictic complexity.METHODS:We sampled 431 diploid accessions from 13 species, of which 10 are North American and three are Old World. Quantitative morphological analyses tested the null hypothesis of no discrete groups. Using three to nine diploid accessions per species, we constructed phylogenies with DNA sequences from ETS, ITS, the second intron of LEAFY, and chloroplast regions rpoB‐trnC, rpl16, trnD‐trnT, and ycf6‐psbM.KEY RESULTS:Most Amelanchier diploid taxa are morphologically and ecogeographically distinct and genetically exclusive lineages. They rarely hybridize with one another. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences almost completely resolve the Amelanchier phylogeny. The backbone is the mostly western North American clade A, eastern North American clade B, and Old World clade O. DNA sequences and morphology support clades A and O as sister taxa. Despite extensive paralogy, our LEAFY data are phylogenetically informative and identify a clade (T) of three arborescent taxa within clade B.CONCLUSIONS:Amelanchier diploids differ strikingly from polyploid apomicts, in that hybridization among them is rare, and they form taxa that would qualify as species by most species concepts. Knowledge of diploid morphology, phylogeny, and ecogeography provides a foundation for understanding the evolutionary history of polyploid apomicts, their patterns of diversification, and their species status.
Naturally Occurring Subclinical Endotoxemia in Humans Alters Adaptive and Innate Immune Functions through Reduced MAPK and Increased STAT1 Phosphorylation
Authors: Palmer Christine D. , Romero-Tejeda Marisol , Sirignano Michael , Sharma Siddhartha , Allen Todd M. , Altfeld Marcus , Jost Stephanie 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Multiple studies have shown correlates of immune activation with microbial translocation and plasma LPS during HIV infection. It is unclear whether this activation is due to LPS, residual viral replication, or both. Few studies have addressed the effects of persistent in vivo levels of LPS on specific immune functions in humans in the absence of chronic viral infection or pathological settings such as sepsis. We previously reported on a cohort of HIV-negative men with subclinical endotoxemia linked to alterations in CD4/CD8 T cell ratio and plasma cytokine levels. This HIV-negative cohort allowed us to assess cellular immune functions in the context of different subclinical plasma LPS levels ex vivo without confounding viral effects. By comparing two samples of differing plasma LPS levels from each individual, we now show that subclinical levels of plasma LPS in vivo significantly alter T cell proliferative capacity, monocyte cytokine release, and HLA-DR expression, and induce TLR cross-tolerance by decreased phosphorylation of MAPK pathway components. Using this human in vivo model of subclinical endotoxemia, we furthermore show that plasma LPS leads to constitutive activation of STAT1 through autocrine cytokine signaling, suggesting that subclinical endotoxemia in healthy individuals might lead to significant changes in immune function that have thus far not been appreciated.
Cutting Edge: IL-1 Receptor Signaling is Critical for the Development of Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Wan Chi-Keung , He Chang , Sun Lin , Egwuagu Charles E. , Leonard Warren J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine important for local and systemic immunity. However, aberrant production of this cytokine is implicated in pathogenic mechanisms of a number of inflammatory diseases, including Behçet’s disease and age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we report the increased secretion of IL-1β in the retina by neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells during ocular inflammation and show that loss of IL-1R signaling confers protection from experimental autoimmune uveitis. Moreover, the amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Il1r-deficient mice was associated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into the retina and decreased numbers of uveitogenic Th17 cells that mediate uveitis. These findings indicate the possible utility of IL-1R–blocking agents for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases.
Psychoanalysis and Deconstruction, A Love Story
Authors: Oliver Kelly 
Published: December 2015

In The Right to Narcissism: A Case for Im-Possible Self-Love, Pleshette DeArmitt opens the space for an alternative to origin story so popular with political philosophers, namely, the social contract, which assumes a rational and self-identical subject. She does this obliquely by deconstructing narcissism as love of the self-same, or, love of what Kristeva might call “the clean and proper self.” Like Echo interrupting Narcissus’s soliloquy of deadly self-absorbed pleasure and his solitary auto-affection upon seeing his own reflection, Pleshette interrupts the seeming proximity of self-same, the closeness of near, and the propinquity of proper by deflecting the image of Narcissus onto the voice of Echo, who comes into her own by repeating his words. How, asks Pleshette, can Echo’s reiteration of the words of another be anything more than mere repetition or reduplication? Echoing Derrida, she answers that it is through a declaration of love. Echo’s repetition of the words of Narcissus take on new meaning, and allow her to express herself, and her love, through the words of the other. After all words are words of the other. Language comes to us from the other. Echo becomes a self, a “little narcissist,” through an address from and to the other, through the appropriation and ex-appropriation of the other’s words.
De Copia: On Narcissism, Echo, and the Im-Possible Female Friendship
Authors: Ziarek Ewa Plonowska 
Published: December 2015

There are two interrelated questions that I would like to explore in the context of Pleshette DeArmitt’s work. The first one pertains to the intellectual stakes in the eloquent style of her writing, its elegance and playfulness, which accompanies the philosophical order of argumentation. And the second one refers to the issue of female friendship. How can one discuss such friendship without resorting to merely biographical, historical, or autobiographical terms? Yet what kind of philosophical theories of female friendship could I possibly refer to? Perhaps to none. DeArmitt, whose life has created so many friendships, did not live long enough to write about friendship, at least not directly. And yet I would like to suggest that her captivating—the adjective that I use here deliberately—book, The Right to Narcissism: A Case for Im-possible Self-Love, leaves us traces of female friendship in her philosophical argument that narcissistic self-love is inseparable from the love of another.
Expounding the Place of Legal Doctrinal Methods in Legal-Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Naudé Fourie Andria 
Published: December 2015

Expounding the Place of Legal Doctrinal Methods in Legal-Interdisciplinary Research
There is a distinct place for legal doctrinal methods in legal-interdisciplinary research methodologies, but there is value to be had in expounding that place – in developing a deeper understanding, for instance, of what legal doctrinal analysis has to offer, wherein lies its limitations, and how it could work in concert with methods and theories from disciplinary areas other than law. This article offers such perspectives, based on experiences with an ‘advanced’ legal-interdisciplinary methodology, which facilitates a long-term study of the growing body of practice generated by citizen-driven, independent accountability mechanisms (IAMs) that are institutionally affiliated with multilateral development banks. The article demonstrates how legal doctrinal methods have contributed towards the design and development of a multipurpose IAM-practice database. This database constitutes the analytical platform of the research project and also facilitates the integration of various types of research questions, methods and theories.