bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality risk in a nationwide cohort of individuals with tic disorders and with tourette syndrome
Authors: Meier Sandra M. , Dalsgaard Søren , Mortensen Preben B. , Leckman James F. , Plessen Kerstin J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Few studies have investigated mortality risk in individuals with tic disorders.Methods: We thus measured the risk of premature death in individuals with tic disorders and with Tourette syndrome in a prospective cohort study with 80 million person‐years of follow‐up. We estimated mortality rate ratios and adjusted for calendar year, age, sex, urbanicity, maternal and paternal age, and psychiatric disorders to compare individuals with and without tic disorders.Results: The risk of premature death was higher among individuals with tic disorders (mortality rate ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.49‐2.66) and with Tourette syndrome (mortality rate ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.28) compared with controls. After the exclusion of individuals with comorbid attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and substance abuse, tic disorder remained associated with increased mortality risk (mortality rate ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.57‐3.23), as did also Tourette Syndrome (mortality rate ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.11–2.75).Conclusions: These results are of clinical significance for clinicians and advocacy organizations. Several factors may contribute to this increased risk of premature death, and more research mapping out these factors is needed. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Investigating the physiological effects of 10.5 Tesla static field exposure on anesthetized swine
Authors: Eryaman Yigitcan , Zhang Patrick , Utecht Lynn , Kose Kivanc , Lagore Russell L. , DelaBarre Lance , Kulesa Jeramy , Eberly Lynn E. , Adriany Gregor , Iles Tinen L. , Iaizzo Paul A. , Vaughan J. Thomas , Ugurbil Kamil 
Published: March 2017

PurposeIn this work, we investigated the relative effects of static magnetic field exposure (10.5 Tesla [T]) on two physiological parameters; blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR).MethodsIn vivo, we recorded both BP and HR in 4 swine (3 female, 1 male) while they were positioned within a 10.5T magnet. All measurements were performed invasively within these anesthetized animals by the placement of pressure catheters into their carotid arteries.ResultsWe measured average increases of 2.0 mm Hg (standard deviation [SD], 6.9) in systolic BP and an increase of 4.5 mm Hg (SD, 13.7) in the diastolic BPs: We also noted an average increase of 1.2 beats per minute (SD, 2.5) in the HRs during such.ConclusionData regarding changes in BP and HR in anesthetized swine attributed to whole‐body 10.5T exposure are reported. Magn Reson Med 79:511–514, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
International evolution in AYA oncology: Current status and future expectations
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAdolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) contribute approximately 1 million incident cases globally, but the great majority are underserved. In high‐income countries, overall survival exceeds 80%, but the needs of this population during and after their treatment experience are poorly met, though specialized clinical programs are evolving. Engagement of national governments is advantageous and deployment of multidisciplinary teams essential. Collaboration between pediatric and adult healthcare providers is mandatory and AYAs must be given a strong voice in program development. Building and sharing international experience will hasten advances in clinical care, education, and research, while a focus on developing countries is a worthy challenge.
The chaperone toolbox at the single‐molecule level: From clamping to confining
Authors: Avellaneda Mario J. , Koers Eline J. , Naqvi Mohsin M. , Tans Sander J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProtein folding is well known to be supervised by a dedicated class of proteins called chaperones. However, the core mode of action of these molecular machines has remained elusive due to several reasons including the promiscuous nature of the interactions between chaperones and their many clients, as well as the dynamics and heterogeneity of chaperone conformations and the folding process itself. While troublesome for traditional bulk techniques, these properties make an excellent case for the use of single‐molecule approaches. In this review, we will discuss how force spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, FCS, and FRET methods are starting to zoom in on this intriguing and diverse molecular toolbox that is of direct importance for protein quality control in cells, as well as numerous degenerative conditions that depend on it.
Are Refugees' Labour Market Outcomes Different from Those of Other Migrants? Evidence from the United Kingdom in the 2005–2007 Period
Authors: Ruiz Isabel , Vargas‐Silva Carlos 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe compare the labour market outcomes of recent refugees in the 2005–2007 period with those of other migrants in the UK. We compare refugees with a full sample of migrants and with a sample of recent migrants. Controlling for relevant characteristics, we find that 8 and 15 months after the grant of protection, refugees have significantly worse outcomes than other migrants, including a lower likelihood of being in employment and higher likelihood of unemployment (i.e. not currently employed, but looking for work). However, 21 months after the grant of protection, the labour market outcomes of recent refugees are not statistically different from those of recent migrants, and the difference with those in the full sample of migrants becomes smaller. Results also show that female refugees are at a substantial economic disadvantage compared with male refugees and other female migrants. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moving Beyond Pseudoargumentation: Teachers’ Enactments of an Educative Science Curriculum Focused on Argumentation
Authors: McNEILL KATHERINE L. , GONZÁLEZ‐HOWARD MARÍA , KATSH‐SINGER REBECCA , LOPER SUZANNA 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTArgumentation, a key epistemic practice in science, engages students in socially constructing knowledge claims using evidence. However, teachers need support in integrating argumentation into classroom instruction. We examined teachers’ enactments of an educative science curriculum and their curricular decision making for argumentation. Ten middle school teachers enacted lessons that focused on both the structure of an argument and argumentation as a dialogic process. For each teacher, we analyzed videotapes of two lessons and follow‐up interviews. Across the teachers, we observed a wide range in teachers’ enactments. In some instances, teachers’ instructional practices aligned with the underlying epistemic goals, while in other cases the structural aspects were oversimplified and discourse norms followed more traditional teacher‐led patterns. To support classroom instruction to move beyond pseudoargumentation, we found three main influences on teachers’ curricular decision making in classes with higher quality argumentation: (1) teachers’ understanding of argumentation as an epistemic practice (rather than surface level features), (2) teachers as critically reflective curriculum users, and (3) teachers problematizing their prior teaching experiences. As a field, we need to think critically about how to design teacher education experiences to discourage the relabeling of teaching with reform‐oriented terms, such as argumentation, and instead support instructional transformation.
Lesson Closure: An Important Piece of the Student Learning Puzzle
Authors: Ganske Kathy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs we seek ways to improve literacy teaching and learning, we need to be careful not to overlook lesson closure as an opportunity to solidify student learning. This Teaching Tip describes the importance of taking time at the ends of lessons, days, and weeks to revisit what students have learned as a means for helping them synthesize and assimilate their understandings. Every lesson ends, but effective lessons do more: they close; namely, they bring about a satisfying sense of learning by cycling back to the what, why, and how of the learning so that students can take away lasting understandings. The author draws on personal experiences and presents an example of the role that student newsletter writing can play in this process.
Medical Male Circumcision Is Associated with Improvements in Pain During Intercourse and Sexual Satisfaction in Kenya
Authors: Nordstrom Monica P.C. , Westercamp Nelli , Jaoko Walter , Okeyo Timothy , Bailey Robert C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Two cohort studies using data from randomized controlled trials in Africa offer the best evidence to date on the effects of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) on male sexual function and satisfaction, suggesting no significant impairments in sexual function or satisfaction and some improvements in sexual function after male circumcision.

Aim
To assess the effects of VMMC on sexual function and satisfaction in a large population-based cohort of men circumcised as adults and uncircumcised controls in Kenya.

Methods
Sexual function and satisfaction of young (median age = 20 years) sexually active men (1,509 newly circumcised men and 1,524 age-matched uncircumcised controls after 5% loss to follow-up) were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with data collected in 2008 to 2012. Self-reported data on lack of sexual interest or pleasure, difficulty getting or maintaining erections, orgasm difficulties, premature ejaculation, pain during intercourse, and satisfaction with sexual intercourse were analyzed with mixed-effect models to detect differences between circumcised and uncircumcised men and changes over time.

Outcomes
Changes over time in sexual interest, desire and pleasure, erectile and ejaculatory function, and pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) in circumcised and uncircumcised men; group differences in time trends; satisfaction with sexual performance; and enjoyment of sex before and after circumcision.

Results
Sexual dysfunctions decreased in the two study groups from 17% to 54% at baseline to 11% to 44% at 24 months (P &lt; .001), except dyspareunia, which decreased only in circumcised men (P &lt; .001). Sexual satisfaction outcomes increased in the two study groups from 34% to 82% at baseline to 66% to 93% at 24 months (P &lt; .001), with greater improvements in circumcised men (P &lt; .001). On average, 97% of circumcised men were satisfied with sexual intercourse and 92% rated sex as more enjoyable or no different after circumcision compared with before circumcision.

Clinical Translation
Results are applicable to VMMC programs seeking to increase the acceptability of male circumcision as part of comprehensive HIV prevention.

Strengths and Limitations
Large-scale population-based longitudinal data restricted to sexually active individuals and adjusted for differences in baseline levels of outcomes and potential confounders are used. The questionnaire used, although not a standardized survey instrument, includes all major domains of male sexual function and satisfaction used in the most common standardized tools.

Conclusions
Results are consistent with large cohort studies of VMMC using data from randomized controlled trials and indicate that VMMC has no significant detrimental effect or might have beneficial effects on male sexual function and satisfaction for the great majority of men circumcised as adults.
Stellarator bootstrap current and plasma flow velocity at low collisionality
Authors: Helander P. , Parra F. I. , Newton S. L. 
Published: March 2017

The bootstrap current and flow velocity of a low-collisionality stellarator plasma are calculated. As far as possible, the analysis is carried out in a uniform way across all low-collisionality regimes in general stellarator geometry, assuming only that the confinement is good enough that the plasma is approximately in local thermodynamic equilibrium. It is found that conventional expressions for the ion flow speed and bootstrap current in the low-collisionality limit are accurate only in the $1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$-collisionality regime and need to be modified in the $\sqrt{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$-regime. The correction due to finite collisionality is also discussed and is found to scale as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{2/5}$.
Lurasidone for major depressive disorder with mixed features and anxiety: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Tsai Joyce , Thase Michael E. , Mao Yongcai , Ng-Mak Daisy , Pikalov Andrei , Loebel Antony 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this post-hoc analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of lurasidone in treating patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with mixed features who present with mild and moderate-to-severe levels of anxiety.MethodsThe data in this analysis were derived from a study of patients meeting the DSM–IV–TR criteria for unipolar MDD, with a Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ≥26, presenting with two or three protocol-defined manic symptoms, who were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with either lurasidone 20–60 mg/day (n=109) or placebo (n=100). Anxiety severity was evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM–A). To evaluate the effect of baseline anxiety on response to lurasidone, the following two anxiety groups were defined: mild anxiety (HAM–A≤14) and moderate-to-severe anxiety (HAM–A≥15). Change from baseline in MADRS total score was analyzed for each group using a mixed model for repeated measures.ResultsTreatment with lurasidone was associated with a significant week 6 change versus placebo in MADRS total score for patients with both mild anxiety (–18.4 vs. –12.8, p<0.01, effect size [ES]=0.59) and moderate-to-severe anxiety (–22.0 vs. –13.0, p<0.001, ES=0.95). Treatment with lurasidone was associated with a significant week 6 change versus placebo in HAM–A total score for patients with both mild anxiety (–7.6 vs. –4.0, p<0.01, ES=0.62), and moderate-to-severe anxiety (–11.4 vs. –6.1, p<0.0001, ES=0.91).ConclusionsIn this post-hoc analysis of an MDD with mixed features and anxiety population, treatment with lurasidone was associated with significant improvement in both depressive and anxiety symptoms in subgroups with mild and moderate-to-severe levels of anxiety at baseline.
Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by Fluphenazine triggers hypoxia-specific tumor cell death
Authors: Klutzny Saskia , Lesche Ralf , Keck Matthias , Kaulfuss Stefan , Schlicker Andreas , Christian Sven , Sperl Carolyn , Neuhaus Roland , Mowat Jeffrey , Steckel Michael , Riefke Björn , Prechtl Stefan , Parczyk Karsten , Steigemann Patrick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOwing to lagging or insufficient neo-angiogenesis, hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumors. Hypoxic tumor regions contribute to resistance against antiproliferative chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Targeting cells in hypoxic tumor areas is therefore an important strategy for cancer treatment. Most approaches for targeting hypoxic cells focus on the inhibition of hypoxia adaption pathways but only a limited number of compounds with the potential to specifically target hypoxic tumor regions have been identified. By using tumor spheroids in hypoxic conditions as screening system, we identified a set of compounds, including the phenothiazine antipsychotic Fluphenazine, as hits with novel mode of action. Fluphenazine functionally inhibits acid sphingomyelinase and causes cellular sphingomyelin accumulation, which induces cancer cell death specifically in hypoxic tumor spheroids. Moreover, we found that functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase leads to overactivation of hypoxia stress-response pathways and that hypoxia-specific cell death is mediated by the stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4. Taken together, the here presented data suggest a novel, yet unexplored mechanism in which induction of sphingolipid stress leads to the overactivation of hypoxia stress-response pathways and thereby promotes their pro-apoptotic tumor-suppressor functions to specifically kill cells in hypoxic tumor areas.
The role of autophagy in asparaginase-induced immune suppression of macrophages
Authors: Song Ping , Wang Ziyu , Zhang Xuyao , Fan Jiajun , Li Yubin , Chen Qicheng , Wang Shaofei , Liu Peipei , Luan Jingyun , Ye Li , Ju Dianwen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractErwinia asparaginase, a bacteria-derived enzyme drug, has been used in the treatment of various cancers, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). One of the most significant side effects associated with asparaginase administration is immune suppression, which limits its application in clinic. Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells and have a central role in inflammation and host defense. We reported here that asparaginase disturbed the function of macrophages including phagocytosis, proliferation, ROS and nitric oxide secretion, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) molecule expression, thus induced immune suppression in interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. We also observed that asparaginase inhibited autophagy in macrophages via activating Akt/mTOR and suppressing Erk1/2 signaling pathway as evidenced by less formation of autophagosomes, downregulation of autophagy-related protein LC3-II, and decreased number of autophagy-like vacuoles. Further study discovered that treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA in place of asparaginase on activated macrophages could also downregulate phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, and MHC-II expression. Moreover, incubation with autophagy inducer trehalose restored the capacity of phagocytosis, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, and MHC-II expression in macrophages. These results prove the important role of autophagy in the function of macrophages, and activation of autophagy can overcome asparaginase-induced immune suppression in macrophages.
Pressure modulates the self-cleavage step of the hairpin ribozyme
Authors: Schuabb Caroline , Kumar Narendra , Pataraia Salome , Marx Dominik , Winter Roland 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe ability of certain RNAs, denoted as ribozymes, to not only store genetic information but also catalyse chemical reactions gave support to the RNA world hypothesis as a putative step in the development of early life on Earth. This, however, might have evolved under extreme environmental conditions, including the deep sea with pressures in the kbar regime. Here we study pressure-induced effects on the self-cleavage of hairpin ribozyme by following structural changes in real-time. Our results suggest that compression of the ribozyme leads to an accelerated transesterification reaction, being the self-cleavage step, although the overall process is retarded in the high-pressure regime. The results reveal that favourable interactions between the reaction site and neighbouring nucleobases are strengthened under pressure, resulting therefore in an accelerated self-cleavage step upon compression. These results suggest that properly engineered ribozymes may also act as piezophilic biocatalysts in addition to their hitherto known properties.
Recombinant tandem of pore-domains in a Weakly Inward rectifying K+ channel 2 (TWIK2) forms active lysosomal channels
Authors: Bobak Nicole , Feliciangeli Sylvain , Chen Cheng-Chang , Ben Soussia Ismail , Bittner Stefan , Pagnotta Sophie , Ruck Tobias , Biel Martin , Wahl-Schott Christian , Grimm Christian , Meuth Sven G. , Lesage Florian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecombinant TWIK2 channels produce weak basal background K+ currents. Current amplitudes depend on the animal species the channels have been isolated from and on the heterologous system used for their re-expression. Here we show that this variability is due to a unique cellular trafficking. We identified three different sequence signals responsible for the preferential expression of TWIK2 in the Lamp1-positive lysosomal compartment. Sequential inactivation of tyrosine-based (Y308ASIP) and di-leucine-like (E266LILL and D282EDDQVDIL) trafficking motifs progressively abolishes the targeting of TWIK2 to lysosomes, and promotes its functional relocation at the plasma membrane. In addition, TWIK2 contains two N-glycosylation sites (N79AS and N85AS) on its luminal side, and glycosylation is necessary for expression in lysosomes. As shown by electrophysiology and electron microscopy, TWIK2 produces functional background K+ currents in the endolysosomes, and its expression affects the number and mean size of the lysosomes. These results show that TWIK2 is expressed in lysosomes, further expanding the registry of ion channels expressed in these organelles.
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous MnCo2O4 for Electrochemical Determination of Cadmium ions in Water Samples
Authors: Velmurugan Murugan , Chen Shen-Ming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo utilize the maximum activity of nanomaterials, it was specifically synthesized by appropriate physicochemical properties. In that aspect, we have described the synthesis of porous MnCo2O4 by simple chemical route and applied for the selective detection of cadmium (Cd (II)). The as-prepared porous MnCo2O4 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electrochemical techniques. The porous MnCo2O4 exhibited an excellent electrochemical behaviour and good analytical response towards the determination of Cd (II). Those analytical factors such as pH, deposition potential and deposition time are optimized by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). A wide linear concentration range from 2.3 to 120 µg L−1, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.72 µg L−1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.91 µg L−1 were achieved for determination of Cd (II). The selectivity of the developed sensor was explored in the presence of co-interfering ions. Also our sensor exhibits a good stability, reproducibility and repeatability. In addition, the practicability of proposed sensor was evaluated for the detection of Cd (II) in real water samples.