bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving net zero: Comprehensive evaluation of whole life carbon in domestic hot water systems
Authors: Elsarrag Esam 
Published: October 2024

Low-temperature domestic hot water (DHW) systems provide significant carbon reduction benefits, supporting the UK’s 2050 net-zero target. Typically, low water volume applications do not need recirculation and storage when instantaneous heaters are employed, such applications can be more flexible in terms of temperature range and safety requirements. However, commercial applications may have high volumes of hot water and hence, will require high working temperatures to satisfy the recirculation requirements. This study developed a comprehensive toolkit to benchmark the embodied and operational carbon in terms of kgCO2e/m2 for various DHW systems, including equipment, refrigerants, and operational emissions. Analysis of seven DHW designs for an office building revealed that low-temperature systems consistently demonstrate the lowest whole-life carbon (WLC), underscoring the impact of grid decarbonisation and low-GWP refrigerants. The WLC results are normalised per square metre of floor area. Low-temperature systems showed the lowest WLC even with the inclusion of water treatment and chemical dosing systems. Practical Application: Our contribution aligns with modern building industry practices by promoting the adoption of low-temperature domestic hot water (DHW) systems to reduce carbon emissions. This approach supports the industry’s shift towards sustainable construction and the net-zero carbon target by 2050. We emphasise the benefits of these systems, particularly in reducing whole life carbon (WLC) impacts, which is crucial for environmentally conscious building designs. By demonstrating that low-temperature systems maintain low WLC even with additional components like water treatment, our work provides practical insights for professionals aiming to implement energy-efficient and sustainable heating solutions in commercial buildings.
Evaluation effect of alginate hydrogel containing losartan on wound healing and gene expression
Authors: Zamani Sepehr , Salehi Majid , Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi Ghasem , Cheraghali Danial , Ehterami Arian , Esmaili Samaneh , Rezaei kolarijani Nariman 
Published: October 2024

Skin tissue engineering has become an increasingly popular alternative to conventional treatments for skin injuries. Hydrogels, owing to their advantages have become the ideal option for wound dressing, and they are extensively employed in a mixture of different drugs to accelerate wound healing. Sodium alginate is a readily available natural polymer with advantages such as bio-compatibility and a non-toxicological nature that is commonly used in hydrogel form for medical applications such as wound repair and drug delivery in skin regenerative medicine. Losartan is a medicine called angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that can prevent fibrosis by inhibiting AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor). In this research, for the first time, three-dimensional scaffolds based on cross-linked alginate hydrogel with CaCl2 containing different concentrations of losartan for slow drug release and exudate absorption were prepared and characterized as wound dressing. Alginate hydrogel was mixed with 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/mL of losartan, and their properties such as morphology, chemical structure, water uptake properties, biodegradability, stability assay, rheology, blood compatibility, and cellular response were evaluated. In addition, the therapeutic efficiency of the developed hydrogels was then assessed in an in vitro wound healing model and with a gene expression. The results revealed that the hydrogel produced was very porous (porosity of 47.37 ± 3.76 µm) with interconnected pores and biodegradable (weight loss percentage of 60.93 ± 4.51% over 14 days). All hydrogel formulations have stability under various conditions. The use of CaCl2 as a cross-linker led to an increase in the viscosity of alginate hydrogels. An in vitro cell growth study revealed that no cytotoxicity was observed at the suggested dosage of the hydrogel. Increases in Losartan dosage, however, caused hemolysis. In vivo study in adult male rats with a full-thickness model showed greater than 80% improvement of the primary wound region after 2 weeks of treatment with alginate hydrogel containing 0.1 mg/mL Losartan. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis showed a decrease in expression level of TGF-β1 and VEGF in treatment groups. Histological analysis demonstrated that the alginate hydrogel containing Losartan can be effective in wound repair by decreasing the size of the scar and tissue remodeling, as evidenced by future in vivo studies.
Effectiveness of 2 Lip Taping Techniques in Infants With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Thair Athar , Abid Mushriq 
Published: October 2024

Objectives This trial was designed to test the efficacy of 2 lip taping methods in modifying the maxillary arch dimensions (MADs) of infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) before lip repair surgery. Design Parallel-group randomized clinical trial. Setting The trial was conducted at 3 centers in Baghdad city. Participants Thirty-six nonsyndromic infants with BCLP. Intervention The eligible infants were randomly assigned to either the first experimental group that received a conventional horizontal tape (3 M Steri strip-1/4 inch) or the second experimental group that received a custom-made tape made of Steri strips and orthodontic extra oral elastics. All of the included infants in both groups had rubber base impressions taken for them at the start of treatment (T1) and right before surgical lip repair (T2). A desktop scanner was used to scan each of the generated models, creating digital models that could be used for outcome evaluation. Main Outcomes Measures Virtual MAD measurements were performed by a blinded assessor on the generated digital models both before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Results At T2, both groups showed statistically significant changes in all measured MADs, with a mean difference ranging from 1.36 to 2.95 mm for the conventional taping group and from 1.46 to 7.96 mm for the custom-made one. The comparison of the 2 groups revealed both statistically and clinically significant differences with a P value <.05. The custom-made taping demonstrated more constriction in maxillary arch in terms of changes, which could provide easier surgical manipulation for the cleft parts. Conclusion Lip taping appears to be an efficient technique for modifying the MADs in infants with BCLP.
Concussion Characteristics in Adults With ADHD Seen in a Specialty Concussion Clinic
Authors: Johnson Rachel S. , Swann-Thomsen Hillary E. , Dillion Naida , Palumbo Elyse A. C. , Pardue Kristi , Flint Hilary , Nilsson Kurt J. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Concussions are a prevalent health concern, affecting millions of individuals in the United States yearly. Concussion symptomology overlaps with other conditions making diagnosis and management particularly challenging, particularly among individuals with ADHD. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a significant portion of the adult population. Objective: To enhance our understanding of symptom resolution and identify factors that could influence concussion care management, the purpose of the current study was to examine the recovery trajectory of adults diagnosed with both ADHD and concussion compared to the trajectory of adults who have experienced a concussion but do not have an ADHD diagnosis. Methods: The study included a retrospective chart review of patients treated for concussion at a concussion specialty clinic. Results: The findings of the study revealed no significant differences in history of concussion or recovery time between patients with and without ADHD. It was observed that patients with ADHD had a higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions. Conclusions: The findings of the current study underscore the need for additional research to guide the care of patients diagnosed with both ADHD and concussion.
Effect of Physical Function on Access to Repeat Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Yoo Jongwon 
Published: October 2024

Background: The long-term success rate of kidney transplantation is disappointing, with repeat transplantation necessary for more than half of recipients. When a repeat kidney transplantation is needed, patients are often elderly and suffer from underlying advanced kidney disease, comorbidities, and adverse effects of immunosuppressants, leading to physical function limitations. Limited physical function is known to hinder access to an initial kidney transplantation, but there is no information about its impact on repeat transplantations. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of physical function on access to wait-listing for repeat transplantation. Methods: Data from the national registry was utilized to analyze 28,884 kidney transplant recipients. Physical function was assessed with Karnofsky scores, and patients were categorized into three strata: total assistance, some assistance, and no assistance. Logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of physical function on waiting list access and duration until wait-listing, respectively. Results: Patients with greater physical independence were more likely to be wait-listed for repeat kidney transplantation. Highly sensitized patients, those with diabetes, Black patients, and elderly individuals had a lower likelihood of access to wait-listing after kidney failure. Interestingly, those with limited physical function, provided they remained in the work-up process, experienced a relatively shorter duration to wait-listing after graft failure. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to promote and support physical function throughout the kidney transplant journey to improve access to repeat transplantation and subsequent patient outcomes.
Food and exercise practices among British Pakistanis; how can Bourdieu’s theory of practice help to understand them?
Authors: Hussain B , Shaw I , Timmons S 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are significant among the Pakistani ethnic group in the UK. Existing literature has identified food and exercise practices as contributing factors. This qualitative inquiry investigates food and exercise practices among this group. The study also identifies any cultural resistance to changing prevailing unhealthy practices. Methods: Five qualitative semi-structured interviews with local Pakistani community leaders, two focus group discussions, and 40 individual interviews with participants of both genders. Bourdieu’s theory of practice was used to analyse the data. Results: The lifestyle choices of the participants mainly follow the cultural practices of their home country. In particular, three cultural phenomena might have been contributing to CVDs among this community: a culture of consuming fatty and calorie-dense food, complexity in joint decision-making among family members, and a lack of motivation and cultural support for healthy physical activities, especially among women and older adults. Conclusion: It would be challenging to significantly influence this unhealthy lifestyle in the short term. Integrating religious discourse within health promotion, adopting a whole-family approach, and working with the community on healthier cooking and making exercise options culturally relevant could be helpful for reducing the prevalence of CVDs among the Pakistani community in the UK.
Similar Regional Hypertrophy of the Elbow Flexor Muscles in Response to Low-Load Training With Vascular Occlusion at Short Versus Long Muscle Lengths
Authors: da Silva Vendruscolo Levi , Brendon Helderson , Hevia-Larraín Victoria , Aihara André Yui , de Salles Painelli Vitor 
Published: October 2024

Background: The regional hypertrophy response of elbow flexor muscles was compared after unilateral elbow flexion training in extended versus flexed shoulder position under vascular occlusion, which can induce muscle hypertrophy in the absence of muscle damage-induced edema/swelling. Hypothesis: Hypertrophy of elbow flexor muscles would be greater in extended compared with flexed shoulder position. Study Design: Randomized within-subject trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 21 resistance-trained men (age, 25 ± 5 years; height, 1.78 ± 0.07 m; weight, 79.3 ± 13.1 kg) performed unilateral elbow flexions with one shoulder extended/elbow flexor muscles lengthened/long muscle length (LONG) and the other flexed/elbow flexor muscles shortened/short muscle length (SHORT) under a low-load (30% 1-repetition maximum) vascular occlusion training regimen (15 repetitions per set, 4 sets per session, 4 sessions per week for 3 weeks, using 80% of vascular occlusion pressure). Magnetic resonance imaging measured elbow flexor muscles cross-sectional area (EFCSA) pre- and post-training at 45%, 65%, and 85% of humerus length. Results: EFCSA significantly increased in both SHORT ( P = 0.04) and LONG ( P = 0.05) at 45% and 85% lengths ( P < 0.01 for both). Changes in EFCSA between SHORT and LONG were statistically similar at the 45% (+6.20% vs +5.08%; Cohen d = 0.006; P = 0.98), 65% (+5.91% vs +3.83%, Cohen d = 0.28, P = 0.30), and 85% lengths (+8.51% vs +7.38%, Cohen d = 0.18, P = 0.56). Conclusion: Muscle hypertrophy of the elbow flexor muscles displayed a similar behavior after low-load elbow flexion training with vascular occlusion performed in the extended versus flexed shoulder position. Clinical Relevance: Therapists, clinicians, and coaches may choose elbow flexion exercises expecting to achieve similar results for hypertrophy in this muscle group, such that exercise selection may rely on availability of equipment in the training room or personal preference.
Factors associated with readmissions in psychiatric inpatient care: a prospective cohort study based on hospital registers
Authors: Virtanen Marianna , Peutere Laura , Härmä Mikko , Ropponen Annina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Readmissions in psychiatric inpatient care may reflect problems in the provision of care, but the underlying factors are not well known. We examined the associations of patient characteristics (sociodemographic factors, diagnoses), treatment (duration, previous episodes, neuromodulation) and ward overload with psychiatric inpatient readmissions and multiple readmissions in Finland.

Methods
We used a routinely collected data pool from one hospital district and followed all 2052 hospitalizations that started in 2018. The outcomes were readmission within 30 days and one year, and among those with readmission, the number of readmissions.

Results
Of the patients, 11% had readmission within 30 days and 33% had readmission within one year. Women, those with previous hospitalizations, those with an ICD-10 diagnosis from the ‘behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors / disorders of adult personality and behaviour’ group, those with a diagnosis from the ‘neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders’ group, those with psychotic disorders, and those who received neuromodulation treatment were more likely to have readmissions. Having a diagnosis of ‘disorders of psychological development’ or ‘behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence’ was associated with a lower likelihood of readmission. The duration of treatment and ward overload during the index period were not associated with readmission.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest possible risk factors for readmission and can be used to plan psychiatric care. To some degree, the risk factors varied between different readmission types. It is important to examine whether there are unmet treatment needs in psychiatric inpatient care for children and adolescents.
Association between weekend catch-up outdoor duration and prevalence of myopia: evidence from a cross-sectional, multi-center study in China
Authors: Ye Lu , Wang Ying , Sun Ying , Li Wu-jun , Zhang Guo-yun , Wang Wen-jun , Ren Mei-xia , Gao Jun-cheng , Liu Guan-chen , Guo Yi-ming , Huang Juan , Lu Xin-xin , Min Jie , Ran Tuan-zheng , Li Si-xuan , He Zi-tong , Jing Qi-ya , Wang Pei-quan , Qu Liu-qing , Yang Yan-qi , Ge Pan , Zhang Jian , Lv Mo-qi , Zhou Dang-xia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the weekend catch-up outdoor duration (WCOD) and prevalence of myopia among students in China.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited participants in 107 schools (six cities, 30 districts) from China from May to June 2021. Demographic characteristics (age, grade, sex, ethnicity, BMI, resident, and parents’ myopia), optically habits (bad writing habits, working/studying time per day, continuous working/studying time per day, and screen time per day) and outdoor duration (weekday and weekend) were obtained from questionnaire. WCOD was defined as outdoor time 1 h longer on weekends than on weekdays. Spherical equivalent (SE) of refractive error were measured with non-cycloplegic refraction. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between WCOD and prevalence of myopia.

Results
Students with myopia had shorter WCOD compared with those without myopia (P < 0.001). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses showed negative associations between WCOD and prevalence of myopia in Chinese students, especially in students with WCOD of 2–3 h (OR = 0.577, P < 0.001) and 3–4 h (OR = 0.571, P = 0.004) when the weekday outdoor duration was 0.5–1 h, as well as students with WCOD of 2–3 h (OR = 0.614, P = 0.003) when the weekday outdoor duration was 1–2 h. Similar results were observed in students with high myopia. Students with high myopia had shorter WCOD compared with those without high myopia (P = 0.001). Negative associations between WCOD and prevalence of high myopia were significant in students with WCOD of 1–2 h when the weekday outdoor duration was < 0.5 h (OR = 0.585, P = 0.007) and 0.5–1 h (OR = 0.537, P = 0.018).

Conclusion
Our study, for the first time, reported that a WCOD have a potential to reduce the prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Chinese students.
Silver nanoparticles versus chitosan nanoparticles effects on demineralized enamel
Authors: Aboayana Mariam , Elgayar Marihan I. , Hussein Mohamed H. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
To compare the impacts of different remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel, we focused on chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Methods
This study was conducted on 40 extracted human premolars with artificially induced demineralization using demineralizing solution. Prior to the beginning of the experimental procedures, the samples were preserved in artificial saliva solution. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and teeth were divided into four equal groups: Group A was utilized as a control group (no demineralization) and received no treatment. Group B was subjected to demineralization with no treatment. Group C was subjected to demineralization and then treated with ChiNPs. Group D was subjected to demineralization and then treated with AgNPs. The teeth were evaluated for microhardness. The enamel surfaces of all the samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological changes and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for elemental analysis.

Results
The third and fourth groups had the highest mean microhardness and calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) contents. SEM of these two groups revealed relative restoration of homogenous remineralized enamel surface architecture with minimal micropores.

Conclusion
Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) and silver NPs help restore the enamel surface architecture and mineral content. Therefore, chitosan NPs and AgNPs would be beneficial for remineralizing enamel.
A nurse-led multidisciplinary service for Nipple-Areola complex tattooing after breast cancer: reporting on a complex intervention with TIDieR analysis
Authors: Maselli Deborah , Torreggiani Martina , Guberti Monica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) tattooing can restore physical and mental integrity after breast cancer, but it is not always easily accessible for women. This paper aims to report on the development of a multidisciplinary nurse-led service for NAC tattooing for women who underwent breast cancer surgery with NAC removal to allow its thorough review and replication.

Methods
The Medical Research Council’s framework for developing complex healthcare interventions was followed. According to the results of a literature review, and the context analysis, an initial intervention was planned. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist was chosen to ensure the quality and completeness of the intervention description.

Results
The Breast Unit and the Research departments were engaged; three nurse-tattooists were selected; the informative material was created and shared with patients, families and local associations, involving them actively. Finally, the setting and the materials were defined. A monthly schedule of activities was set: patients with the indication for NAC tattooing were contacted by the nurse case manager. Each treatment involves 3–4 sessions, 30–40 days apart, in an ambulatory setting. It consists of NAC shaping and tattooing with a dermographer and sterile needles.

Conclusion
Implementing freely and equally multidisciplinary nurse-led clinics might provide this treatment ensuring the patient’s quality of life and nurse competence. The NAC tattooing is a complex intervention that represents the final part of the breast cancer surgical care pathway.