bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Abuse in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: To Ask or Not to Ask – That Is the Question
Authors: Ilnyckyj Alexandra , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and costly disorder in Canada. The paucity of medical treatment underscores the importance of examining every element of the management approach. Data exist supporting an increased prevalence of abuse among individuals with IBS. Importantly, the pathophysiology underlying the link between abuse and IBS is increasingly understood. Treatment recommendations by opinion leaders support an abuse inquiry. However, many clinicians view abuse inquiry as an ethical dilemma.METHOD: Canadian gastroenterologists were surveyed to determine current practice patterns and to identify barriers to inquiry. Barriers cited by clinicians were explored within an ethical context.RESULTS: Abuse inquiry is not universally practised in Canada. Fifty-four per cent of the membership of Canadian Association of Gastroenterologists responded to the survey. They reported inquiring into abuse histories in approximately 50% of patients with IBS. The frequency of inquiry declined when male patients were considered. The primal barriers cited were time constraints (25%), personal comfort with abuse issues (25%) and lack of resources for addressing the abuse (33%). Importantly, only a minority (10%), cited abuse history as irrelevant to the management of the patient.INTERPRETATION: Physicians identify significant barriers to pursuing an inquiry into abuse. However, a minority cited ‘clinical irrelevance’ as a primal barrier, the implicit statement being that the abuse history has clinical relevance. This view is consistent with opinion leaders and published treatment recommendations. Therefore, by not inquiring into the abuse history, physicians are not fulfilling their ethical responsibility to the patient. Physicians need to resolve their barriers to inquiry. Furthermore, they need to familiarize themselves with treatment recommendations and include this review in their consultation.
Etiology and Outcome of Acute Liver Failure: Experience from a Liver Transplantation Centre in Montreal
Authors: Tessier Geneviève , Villeneuve Edith , Villeneuve Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Acute liver failure is a rare condition in which massive liver injury is associated with the rapid development of hepatic encephalopathy. Although viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury are the most common causes, no specific etiology is found in a substantial proportion of cases reported from Europe and the United States.AIM: To determine the etiology and outcome of patients with acute liver failure in the authors’ institution.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The charts of 81 consecutive patients admitted to Saint-Luc between 1991 and 1999 were reviewed.RESULTS: The etiology was viral in 27 cases (33.2%), toxic or drug-induced in 22 (27.2%), of unknown origin in 22 (27.2%) and due to various causes in 10 (12.3%) (autoimmune, vascular, cancer). Of the 81 patients, 16% survived without liver transplantation, and 84% died or underwent liver transplantation. Survival without liver transplantation differed according to the mode of presentation: the survival rate was 27% in patients with hyperacute liver failure, 7% in those with acute liver failure and 0% in those with subacute liver failure. Among the 38 patients who underwent liver transplantation, survival one year after transplantation was 71%. In the 30 patients who died without liver transplantation, the main causes of death were cerebral edema and sepsis.CONCLUSIONS: Acute liver failure is associated with a high mortality, and liver transplantation is the treatment of choice. In a significant proportion of cases, the etiology remains undetermined and is probably related to yet unidentified hepatotropic viruses.
Musculoskeletal Injuries among ERCP Endoscopists in Canada
Authors: O’Sullivan Sinead , Bridge Gary , Ponich Terry 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: There are few reports in the literature describing musculoskeletal complaints among endoscopists, and none are specific to those who perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).PURPOSE: To examine the current practices of ERCP endoscopists and the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries.METHODS: A self-report survey was sent to physicians practising ERCP across Canada identified through a pre-existing database. A second mailing was sent six weeks later to those who did not respond to the first mailing.RESULTS: Of 162 surveys sent, 122 responses were received, with five respondents indicating that they no longer performed ERCP and three declining to participate. Of the 114 participants, 67% reported at least one musculoskeletal complaint, and 58% reported two or more complaints. Seventy-four per cent attributed their symptoms to endoscopy and/or ERCP, and 79% reported that their condition was aggravated by performing ERCP. The most frequently reported pain symptoms were back pain (57%), neck pain (46%) and hand pain (33%), which are all consistent with the physical risks involved in performing ERCP. Only 51% reported taking regular breaks, and only 25% reported having fluoroscopy tables with adjustable heights. The room designs of the respondents’ ERCP facilities were analyzed for ergonomic considerations: 67% had poor ergonomics and 33% had good ergonomics. Sixty-four per cent reported that they were interested in learning preventive strategies.CONCLUSIONS: Physicians who perform ERCP develop musculoskeletal injuries and are interested in learning about risk factor modification.
Diagnosis of Constipation in Family Practice
Authors: Ferrazzi Simon , Thompson Grant W , Irvine E Jan , Pare Pierre , Rance Laureen 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Patients who complain of constipation to their family doctor may not be truly constipated. Variability in stool frequency and consistency, and perception of symptoms may lead to inaccurate patient reporting or diagnosis of constipation.OBJECTIVES: To determine whether patients visiting their family doctor with a complaint of, or diagnosed with, constipation fulfilled the Rome II criteria for functional constipation and had stool characteristics of constipation.METHODS: A random sample of Canadian family physicians were recruited to enroll a series of adults who complained of, or had received a diagnosis of, constipation during an office visit. Patients were advised of the survey. Those providing written consent were contacted by an independent research firm and forwarded a survey questionnaire that included the Rome II gastrointestinal questionnaire, questions regarding their medical history and questions regarding their demographics. Patients also completed a four-week daily diary recording their bowel habits using the Bristol Stool Form Scale, medication use and satisfaction with treatment. Questionnaire and diary responses were retrieved by telephone.RESULTS: One hundred eighty-four family physicians enrolled 311 patients, of whom 220 completed the questionnaire. Females comprised 79.5% of the sample and had a mean age of 54.2 years (males 61.6 years; P<0.05). According to the Rome II criteria, 37.3% had functional constipation and 46.8% had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Whole gut transit times estimated using the Bristol Stool Scale were similar among those with self-reported constipation, those with Rome II functional constipation and those with Rome II IBS (79.3 h, 85.8 h and 77.4 h, respectively). Almost half of the patients with IBS or functional constipation were taking a pain medication, while nearly one-fifth took antidepressants. Of the medications or remedies taken to treat constipation, patients rated 49.8% of the doses as satisfactory.CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of Canadian primary care patients whose presenting complaint or diagnosis was constipation satisfied the Rome II criteria for IBS, with a smaller number defined as functionally constipated. IBS patients tended to be younger than those with functional constipation, and whole gut transit times did not differentiate IBS from functional constipation. Careful questioning of patients who complain of constipation may reveal constipating medication, diarrhea symptoms or IBS.
Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: Does it Contribute to Chronic Fatigue and Decreased Health-Related Quality of Life in Cirrhosis?
Authors: Girgrah Nigel , Reid Graham , MacKenzie Shona , Wong Florence 
Published: March 2016

Diminished health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and fatigue have been reported in patients with cirrhosis. The presence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and the attendant poor cardiac response to physical stress may affect HRQoL and contribute to fatigue in these patients.AIMS: To evaluate the contribution of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy to HRQoL and fatigue in ambulatory cirrhotic patients.METHODS: Thirty ambulatory cirrhotic patients (14 preascitic, Child-Pugh score 5.6±0.3; 16 ascitic, Child-Pugh score 9.1±0.5) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and assessment of HRQoL, fatigue and depressive symptomatology. HRQoL and fatigue scores were correlated with liver disease severity, depressive symptomatology and parameters of cardiac function and exercise physiology.RESULTS: Subscales of all HRQoL measuring the effect of disease on the ability to perform physical, social and emotional roles were significantly impaired when compared with controls (P<0.001). The impact of fatigue, as assessed by the Fatigue Assessment Inventory, was greater in cirrhotics (4.46 versus 2.53 in healthy age-matched controls, P<0.01). Diminished HRQoL, impact of fatigue and vitality were related to depressive symptoms rather than to cardiac structural and functional abnormalities, which were present in cirrhotic patients. Poorer physical quality of life scores correlated with diminished mental health.CONCLUSIONS: Depression, rather than the presence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, may have contributed to the diminished HRQoL and vitality in patients with cirrhosis with or without ascites.
The Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Siffledeen Jesse S , Siminoski Kerry , Steinhart Hillary , Greenberg Gordon , Fedorak Richard N 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is a putative, pathogenic cofactor in the increase in osteopenia and osteoporosis seen in patients with Crohn’s disease.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25-OHD) levels and the associated alterations in bone mineral density in a cohort of adults with Crohn’s disease.METHODS: 25-OHD levels were determined in 242 consecutive patients with Crohn’s disease seen in two tertiary inflammatory bowel disease referral centres. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS: Nineteen (8%) patients exhibited vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD less than 25 nmol/L) and 52 (22%) patients exhibited vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD less than 40 nmol/L). Mean T-scores at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and ultradistal radius in the group with low 25-OHD did not differ from those of the normal 25-OHD group. Serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels were higher in the low 25-OHD group than in the normal group. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) folate predicted low 25-OHD in male patients, while smoking, RBC folate and serum iron predicted low 25-OHD in female patients. The rate of low 25-OHD deficiency in the winter was significantly higher than that in the summer (11.9% versus 2.8%, respectively).CONCLUSION: Vitamin D-deficient Crohn’s disease patients exhibit biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease, without detectable differences in bone mineral density. Sunlight exposure, nutrition and smoking status were predictors of vitamin D deficiency in this patient cohort.
Sex Differences of Brain Serotonin Synthesis in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan, Positron Emission Tomography and Statistical Parametric Mapping
Authors: Nakai Akio , Kumakura Yoshikata , Boivin Michel , Rosa Pedro , Diksic Mirko , D’Souza Doreen , Kersey Kathryn 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder and has a strong predominance in women. Recent data suggest that the brain may play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS in the brain-gut axis. It is strongly suspected that serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter found in the brain and gut, may be related to the pathophysiology of IBS. It is reported that a 5-HT3antagonist is effective only in female patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS.OBJECTIVE: In the present study, 5-HT synthesis was measured using positron emission tomography, with α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan as the tracer, in patients with IBS. The aim of the present study was to compare 5-HT synthesis in the IBS patients with that in the controls, and to compare 5-HT synthesis between male and female IBS patients.METHODS: Six male and six female nonconstipated IBS patients were scanned. Age-matched healthy volunteers were scanned as controls. Eighty minute dynamic scans were performed. Functional 5-HT synthesis images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping.RESULTS: 5-HT synthesis was greater only in the female IBS patients in the right medial temporal gyrus (multimodal sensory association cortex) compared with the female controls (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The greater brain 5-HT synthesis in the female IBS patients than in the controls may be related to the pathological visceral pain processing of the IBS patients, a larger female predominance of the disorder, and the sex difference of the efficacy of the 5-HT3antagonist in treatment.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Study in Calgary, Alberta
Authors: Li Feng Xiao , Patten Scott B , Hilsden Robert J , Sutherland Lloyd R 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of nonclinical samples of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Canada. In a pilot survey, the impact of IBS on HRQOL using a population-based, urban sample was examined.METHODS: A random sample of Calgary residents (18 years of age or older), selected by random digit dialing (n=1521), completed a structured questionnaire including ROME II Criteria and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey, version 2 (SF-12v2). The mean scale and summary scores of SF-12v2 for those who did and did not meet ROME II criteria and for those who met ROME II criteria with and without visiting a physician in past three months were determined and compared using multiple regression analyses.RESULTS: Of the 951 households successfully contacted, 590 (62%) were willing to participate, of which 437 (74%) individuals were recruited. One hundred ten IBS cases (81 of which were women) and 327 non-IBS controls (180 of which were women) were identified. All of the eight mean scale scores and the two mean summary scores were significantly lower in people with IBS than in those without, whether or not adjusting for demographics. Forty-four of the 110 IBS cases (40%) sought medical help. Significantly lower mean physical component score and three scale scores (general health, social functioning and role physical) were found in those who sought medical help than in those who did not.CONCLUSIONS: People with IBS experience significant impairment in HRQOL, including both physical and mental well-being. People with IBS who seek medical help report worse physical health than those who do not, but their mental health is no different.
Acute Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis Developed after Esophagectomy
Authors: Tachibana Mitsuo , Kinugasa Shoichi , Yoshimura Hiroshi , Dhar Dipok Kumar , Ueda Shuhei , Fujii Toshiyuki , Nakamoto Takeru , Kyriazanos Ioannis , Nagasue Naofumi 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of gallstone disease after gastrectomy is reported to be high, its prevalence after esophagectomy is scarcely reported.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gallbladder disease following an esophagectomy was prospectively evaluated in 237 patients with esophageal cancer by abdominal ultrasonography twice a year up to five years postoperatively. The median follow-up period was 18.6 months.RESULTS: One patient (0.4%) developed acute acalculous cholecystitis postoperatively, and 13 patients (5.5%) developed gallstone disease during the follow-up period. Nine (69%) of these 13 patients developed gallstone disease within two years, and another two patients developed the disease three years after esophagectomy. Another patient developed gallbladder debris at 35 months postoperatively, and one developed gallbladder polyps at 33 months. Seven of the 13 patients with gallstone disease underwent cholecystectomy between 13 and 125 months after esophagectomy: two developed acute cholecystitis; two had associated common bile duct stones; the remaining three patients had upper abdominal pain. Nine of the 13 patients who developed gallstone disease showed a history of alcoholism, whereas only 81 of 224 patients without gallstone disease had a similar history (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: A certain number of patients with esophageal carcinoma and a history of alcoholism develop cholelithiasis within three years after esophagectomy, and subsequently undergo cholecystectomy during the follow-up period.
PROPOSALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OVER THE WOODEN PANELS PRODUCTIVE PROCESS UNDER A BRAZILIAN CONDITION, FOCUSING ON THE IMPACTS FOR THE HUMAN TOXICITY CATEGORY
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo , De Oliveira Lucas Xavier , De Francisco Antonio Carlos , Piekarski Cassiano Moro 
Published: March 2016

The Brazilian wooden panel industry has been growing over the last decades, what increases the concerns with its productive characteristics and the consequences of the practices adopted. The objective of this study is to present a discussion regarding the importance of the assessment on the environmental profile of wooden panels produced in Brazil, prioritizing the panels with bigger prominence in the segment, due to their potential damage to the human health resulting from their production processes and use. This paper focuses on the human toxicity category because this is one impact category on which the panels characteristics contribute to since the conception of raw materials even after its expedition and posterior use. In light of that, a set of potential improvements are proposed in order to reduce the environmental loads of the processes here approached, considering the hotspots identified in studies under the Brazilian conditions. For the human toxicity category, the hotspots were: consume of the binding agent, consume of electrical energy, consume of wood chips and transportation.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING METHOD USE IN THE CIVIL CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Martins Vitor William Batista , Neves Renato Martins das , Bastos Leonardo Dos Santos Lourenço , Melo André Cristiano Silva , Nunes Denilson Ricardo de Lucena 
Published: March 2016

The changes in the civil construction context, and consequently the production management of constructions, require a different profile engineer, which demands more refined skills from those professionals, such as innovation, focus on customer, production planning and control, quality management systems knowledge, sustainability and a humanist vision. The main objective of this paper is to show the efficiency of using the Problem Based Learning methodology adapted to the organizational context. The research strategy adopted was the Research-Action, in which the research team aimed the improvement of the way professionals understand and solve problems. The results involved the development of abilities related to the organizational context, as well as the individual, collective and organizational learning skills, highlighting problems and possible solutions for the company. Through increasing these skills, it was possible to stimulate a humanistic and sustainable vision, customer-focused, and a better quality management system. In addition, problems in this system were presented, which stated the necessity of creating an environment which enables the exchange of information among its sectors.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTHESE UND EINIGE EIGENSCHAFTEN VON HYDRAZINIUMFLUOROSCANDATEN(III)
Authors: SLIVNIK J. , BOHINC M. , RAHTEN A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Synthese von (I), (II) und (III) wird beschrieben und die thermischen Eigenschaften und die IR‐Spektren werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF LITHIUM NITRIDE WITH CERIUM, THORIUM, AND HAFNIUM, FORMATION OF LI2CEN2, CE2N2O, LI2THN2, AND LI2HFN2
Authors: BARKER MARTEN G. , ALEXANDER IAIN C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Festkörperreaktionen von Li3N mit Ce, Th, Hf, CeN, ThN und HfN werden durch DTA, TGA und durch Röntgen‐Pulveraufnahmen verfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF THIOTRITHIAZYL CHLORIDE WITH ANHYDROUS COBALT CHLORIDE
Authors: PAUL R. C. , SHARMA R. P. , VERMA RAJENDAR DEV 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThiotrithiazylchlorid reagiert mit wasserfreiem Co‐Chlorid unter Bildung der Verbindung (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A MIXED MICELLE CATALYST OF EXTREMELY GREAT ACTIVITY FOR HYDROLYSIS OF P‐NITROPHENYL ESTERS
Authors: TABUSHI I. , KURODA Y. 
Published: March 2016

Abstractp‐Nitrophenylcarbonsäureester werden in Gegenwart verschiedener micellarer Katalysatoren, z.B. einer Kombination aus (I) und (II), hydrolysiert und die Aktivierung der Hydrolyse mit der Wirkung von Chymotrypsin verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: OLEFIN‐ UND ACETYLENVERBINDUNGEN 4. MITT. NEUE SYNTHESEN FUER HEXATRIENE‐(1,3,5), ELEKTRODIMERISIERUNG VON ACROLEIN AN ZINK‐KUPFER‐PAAREN
Authors: FIGEYS H. P. , GELBCKE M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Elektrodimerisierung des Aldehyds (I) in THF/Essigsäure mit frisch bereitetem Zn/Cu‐Paar ergibt als Hauptprodukt das Diol (II) (meso und dl‐Fonn), das von seinem Mono‐ und Diacetat sowie von Hexen‐(1)‐diol‐(3,4) begleitet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL SYNTHETIC UTILITY OF (3,3)‐SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENT OF 5‐ALLYL DITHIOCARBAMATES, NEW ROUTE TO ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES
Authors: NAKAI T. , SHIONO H. , OKAWARA M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den S‐Allyl‐dithiocarbaminaten (I) erhält man mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid die Salze (II), die mit Alkylierungsmitteln (III) zu (IV) substituiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTION VON 1,3,3‐TRIMETHYL‐CYCLOPROPEN MIT LITHIUM‐ UND MAGNESIUMORGANISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: AVEZOV I. B. , BOLESOV I. G. , LEVINA R. YA. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Trimethylcyclopropen (I) wird durch Phenyl‐Li bzw. Alkyl‐Li‐Verbindungen in Diäthyläther oder Petroläther überwiegend metalliert, eine Addition der Organo‐Li‐ Verbindungen an die Doppelbindung des Cyclens findet nur in geringerem Umfang statt: Die Carboxylierung der aus den Li‐Derivaten (II) und (III) bestehenden Metallierungsgemische liefert bei nachfolgender Veresterung der anfallenden Säuren mit Diazomethan Gemische des Cyclopropencarbonsäureesters (IV) mit kleineren Mengen der Cyclopropancarbonsäureester (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE AMINATION AND DIMERIZATION OF NORBORNADIENE WITH NICKEL, PALLADIUM, AND RHODIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: KIJI JITSUO , NISHIMURA SATOSHI , YOSHIKAWA SUSUMU , SASAKAWA EIICHI , FURUKAWA JUNJI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWährend Norbornadien (III) mit dem System Bis phin (Ni(COD)2 Bu3P) z.B. in Morpholin (II) bei 90°C nur zum Dimeren (I) reagiert, entstehen unter analogen Bedingungen in Gegenwart von Trifluoressigsäure (TFE) das Dimere (IV) und das Norbornen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE PROTONATION OF ′SNOUTENE′ (PENTACYCLO(4,4,0,0(2,4),0(3,8),0(5,7))DEC‐9‐ENE)
Authors: BOS H. , KLUMPP G. W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSnouten (I) reagiert mit Säuren (Eisessig/p‐Toluolsulfonsäure) unter Annahme der Zwischenstufen (II)‐(IV) zu drei verschiedenen Acetaten.