bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbicidal fungal strain isolated from soil in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tang Yanhong , Chen Wei , He Fengting , Liu Tongyi , Hu Qiongbo , Weng Qunfang , Zhang Ke 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Weeds pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity, emphasizing the urgent need for developing innovative biological herbicides. Soil is a rich reservoir of fungi with potential herbicidal properties. The Xinjiang region of China, characterized by unique biodiversity shaped by geographical and climatic factors, is likely to harbor distinctive fungal resources that remain understudied. This study investigated the herbicidal potential of soil fungi by collecting 123 soil samples from 33 diverse habitats in Xinjiang and isolating 114 fungal strains. Morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis identified these strains as 24 species belonging to 12 genera. Subsequently, 24 representative strains underwent phytotoxicity assays using detached weed leaves. Strain Tapu14C02 demonstrated significant herbicidal activity against 11 weeds, including
Amaranthus retroflexus
,
Bidens pilosa
, and
Celosia argentea
. Further identification confirmed the strain as
Talaromyces purpureogenus
. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the herbicidal potential of the strain. The spore suspension at a concentration of 1.0 × 10
8
spores/mL inhibited barnyard grass (
Echinochloa crus-galli
) seedling root length by 93.07%. Among the crude extracts from the fermentation broth, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest herbicidal activity, causing complete inhibition of root growth at concentrations of 1000 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL. This study provides novel insights into the herbicidal potential of soil fungi in the Xinjiang region of China.

IMPORTANCE
Weeds pose significant challenges by causing agricultural losses and ecological harm. Over the past decades, many weed species have developed high resistance to chemical herbicides, underscoring the urgent need for new biological herbicide alternatives. In this study, we isolated and screened herbicidal fungi from soil samples in Xinjiang with unique conditions of extreme arid. Notably, we discovered the T. purpureogenus strain Tapu14C02, which shows promising potential as a myco-herbicide. Both its conidia and fermentation broth exhibit broad-spectrum effectiveness against weeds. This research highlights the potential of fungal resources for sustainable agriculture.
Intensified continental weathering and reductive surface runoff during the Triassic–Jurassic transition
Authors: Wan Ruoqi , Yuan Chengshuai , Liu Sheng-Ao , Fang Linhao , Shen Jun , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE) is characterized by profound declines in biodiversity in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, widely accepted to have been triggered by the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). In response to the CAMP, global continental weathering intensity and terrestrial redox conditions at the extinction interval may have substantially changed, but these are not fully constrained yet. Here we report high-resolution Fe (δ56Fe) and Zn (δ66Zn) isotope data on sedimentary successions of terrestrial open systems across high-latitude and low- to middle-latitude continental Triassic–Jurassic transition (TJT) sections. Both sections recorded a positive δ56Fe excursion and an increase in chemical index of alteration along with fluctuating δ66Zn values during the ETE–TJT period, indicating enhanced continental weathering. The notable increase of δ56Fe with lower total Fe2O3 contents suggests a reductive continental weathering condition considering that Fe isotope fractionation during silicate weathering requires loss of fluid-mobile, reduced Fe(II). Notably, the positive δ56Fe excursion was concurrent with and proportional to the increasing concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wildfires in corresponding coal layers, implying that the surface runoff during intensified weathering may have been reduced by biochar from CAMP-triggered wildfires. The reductive terrestrial runoff might have influenced the surface ocean across the TJT to some extent.
Comparison of clinical presentation and management of children and adolescents with ARFID between paediatrics and child and adolescent psychiatry: a prospective surveillance study
Authors: Haidar Ellaha , Sanchez-Cerezo Javier , Neale Josephine , Julius Nikita , Lynn Richard M , Hudson Lee D , Nicholls Dasha 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical presentations, management and outcomes of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) across paediatric and child and adolescent (C&A) psychiatric settings.Study designProspective surveillance study.MethodsData were collected during a 13-month prospective surveillance study of children and adolescents with ARFID in the UK and Republic of Ireland. Paediatricians reported cases via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and psychiatrists through the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Surveillance System. A follow-up questionnaire was sent at 12 months after a case of ARFID was reported.Results319 cases were included, 189 from paediatricians and 130 from C&A psychiatrists. Patients presenting to paediatricians were younger (9.8 years vs 13.7 years), more often male (62.4% vs 43.1%), and had more chronic symptoms (80.4% vs 67.0%), selective eating (63.7% vs 46.6%) and comorbid autism (67.6% vs 50.0%) than to psychiatrists. Psychiatrists saw patients with more fear of aversive consequences from eating (13.1% vs 3.2%), weight loss (76.7% vs 65.0%) and comorbid anxiety (78.2% vs 47.4%). Patients presenting to paediatricians more often received medical monitoring (74.6% vs 53.1%), dietetic advice (83.1% vs 70.0%) and nutritional supplements (49.2% vs 30.0%). At follow-up, both cohorts improved in nutritional status. However, the psychiatric cohort improved more regarding disordered eating behaviours.ConclusionsThe presentation and management of ARFID differs across clinical settings. Findings suggest the need to develop clinical pathways for ARFID assessment and management across paediatrics and mental health. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of psychiatric input for some patients with ARFID.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of GSK3858279, an anti-CCL17 monoclonal antibody and analgesic, in healthy volunteers and patients with knee osteoarthritis pain: a phase I, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-mechanism and proof-of-concept study
Authors: Nijjar Jagtar Singh , Abbott-Banner Katharine , Alvarez Yolanda , Aston Nicola , Bass Damon , Bentley Jane H , Ellis Joanne , Ellson Christian , Emery Edward C , Feeney Maria , Fernando Disala , Inman David , Kaur Rejbinder , Modis Louise K , Munoz Vicente Sam , Muya Catherine , Nistala Kiran , Panoilia Eirini , Ray Riju , Siederer Sarah , Smith Julia E , Weir Lucinda , Wisniacki Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy, safety and tolerability of the first-in-class, anti-CCL17 monoclonal antibody, GSK3858279, in treating knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain.MethodsThis was a phase I, randomised, placebo-controlled, two-part, proof-of-mechanism and proof-of-concept study. In part A, healthy participants were randomised 3:1 to receive GSK3858279 as either single intravenous (0.1–10 mg/kg) doses, a subcutaneous (3 mg/kg up to 240 mg maximum) dose, or placebo, to evaluate safety and tolerability. In part B, participants with knee OA pain were randomised 1:1 to receive weekly subcutaneous 240 mg GSK3858279, or placebo, for 8 weeks, to assess safety and change from baseline (CFB) in average and worst knee pain intensity. Exploratory endpoints included CFB in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, function and stiffness scores.ResultsGSK3858279 demonstrated greater median CFB (95% credible interval (CrI)) in average and worst knee pain intensity versus placebo (average, –1.18 (–2.15, –0.20); worst, –1.09 (–2.29, 0.12)) at week 8. Median CFB (95% CrI) for GSK3858279 versus placebo in WOMAC pain and function scores were –1.41 (–2.35, –0.46) and –1.29 (–2.28, –0.29), respectively, at week 8. Overall, 72% (26/36; part A) and 88% (21/24; part B) of participants receiving GSK3858279 experienced adverse events (AEs); with nasopharyngitis being the most common in part A and injection site reactions in part B. No serious AEs or deaths were observed.GSK3858279 improved pain intensity and WOMAC pain and function scores in adults with knee OA pain and demonstrated favourable safety and tolerability in both healthy participants and adults with knee OA pain.
Do Swedish rock-climbers exhibit more eating disorder and body dissatisfaction symptoms than non-climbers? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nigicser Isabel , Identeg Fredrik , Sansone Mikael , Hedelin Henrik , Forsberg Niklas , Tranaeus Ulrika , Edlund Klara 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe inclusion of rock-climbing in the Olympic Games has increased participation in the sport and attention to athletes' health. In sports where the importance of low body weight is considerate, there is an increased risk of developing eating disorders (EDs). There is sparse research on EDs among rock-climbers. The primary aim was to map ED symptoms among rock-climbers compared with controls. The secondary aim was to analyze differences in body dissatisfaction. Comparisons between rock-climbing levels and sexes were performed.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study in a larger prospective longitudinal study series, CLIMB: Climber’s Longitudinal attitudes towards Injury, Mental health and Body image, using baseline data.ParticipantsSwedish rock-climbers, at an advanced and elite level according to the International Rock Climbing Research Association, participated. Participants were at least 13 years old. 183 rock-climbers partook with a mean age of 29.5 (SD=9.1) with two participants under 15 years old. 180 controls partook with a mean age of 29.0 (SD=8.9). There were no control participants under 15 years of age.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData was gathered through a self-report questionnaire collecting the primary outcome measure, ED symptoms (Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) V.6.0) and the secondary outcome measure, body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire-8C).ResultsThere were no differences between rock-climbers and controls regarding ED symptoms. Symptoms were higher among female rock-climbers (26%) than male (5.8%). Regarding body dissatisfaction, the control group reported higher levels compared with rock-climbers. At least a mild concern was observed in 13.3% of male rock-climbers, compared with 47.4% of females.ConclusionsAlthough there was no difference in the EDE-Q V.6.0 between rock-climbers and controls, females reported significantly more symptoms than men. Regarding body dissatisfaction, female rock-climbers exhibited higher levels of dissatisfaction than males. Further, higher levels of dissatisfaction were reported in controls, especially in men, where symptoms were three times higher than rock-climbers.Trial registration numberNCT05587270.
Implementing a remote self-screening programme for atrial fibrillation using digital health technology among community-dwellers aged 75 years and older: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Wong Kam Cheong , Nguyen Tu N , Trankle Steven A , Usherwood Tim , Quintans Desi , Marschner Simone , Turnbull Samual , Indrawansa Anupama Balasuriya , White Rose , Burns Mason Jenner , Gopal Vishal , Lindley Richard I , Kumar Saurabh , Chow Clara K 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of implementing remote atrial fibrillation (AF) self-screening among older people supported by a remote central monitoring system.DesignProcess evaluation of the Mass AF randomised clinical trial (ACTRN12621000184875) with one-to-one semistructured interviews using interview guides underpinned by the Critical Realism approach and coded using the UK Medical Research Council Guidance of Process Evaluation Framework.Setting and participantsCommunity-dwelling people aged ≥75 years from both genders (ratio 1:1) and urban/rural (ratio 2:1) in Australia.InterventionsParticipants were provided handheld single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) devices and trained to self-record ECGs once daily on weekdays for at least 6 months. A remote central team notified participants and general practitioners (GPs) of AF.Primary feasibility outcomesThe strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis examined enablers (ie, strengths and opportunities) and barriers (ie, weaknesses and threats).ResultsOverall, 200 participants; 98.5% completed the 6-month programme, 96% reported being satisfied with screening and 48 were interviewed: mean age 79 years, 54% male and 71% urban. 11 GPs were interviewed: 55% female and 64% urban. Programme participants trusted the remote monitoring system that supported the screening programme and provided follow-up pathways where required. GPs saw opportunities to introduce this self-screening programme to at-risk patients and improve patients’ risk profiles. Programme participants reported that after being trained to use the device, they felt empowered to do self-screening and found it convenient. GPs saw empowerment could enhance the doctor–patient relationship. Programme participants and GPs valued screening in diagnosing AF that would otherwise be missed in usual care, but the uncertainty of effective screening duration could be a barrier.ConclusionsThis screening programme was feasible with the reinforcement of the underpinning enablers. Several implementation strategies were identified using SWOT analysis, including leveraging the opportunity for GPs to introduce this screening programme to at-risk patients.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000184875.
Artificial intelligence chatbots as sources of patient education material for cataract surgery: ChatGPT-4 versus Google Bard
Authors: Azzopardi Matthew , Ng Benjamin , Logeswaran Abison , Loizou Constantinos , Cheong Ryan Chin Taw , Gireesh Prasanth , Ting Darren Shu Jeng , Chong Yu Jeat 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo conduct a head-to-head comparative analysis of cataract surgery patient education material generated by Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT-4) and Google Bard.Methods and analysis98 frequently asked questions on cataract surgery in English were taken in November 2023 from 5 trustworthy online patient information resources. 59 of these were curated (20 augmented for clarity and 39 duplicates excluded) and categorised into 3 domains: condition (n=15), preparation for surgery (n=21) and recovery after surgery (n=23). They were formulated into input prompts with ‘prompt engineering’. Using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool-Printable (PEMAT-P) Auto-Scoring Form, four ophthalmologists independently graded ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard responses. The readability of responses was evaluated using a Flesch-Kincaid calculator. Responses were also subjectively examined for any inaccurate or harmful information.ResultsGoogle Bard had a higher mean overall Flesch-Kincaid Level (8.02) compared with ChatGPT-4 (5.75) (p<0.001), also noted across all three domains. ChatGPT-4 had a higher overall PEMAT-P understandability score (85.8%) in comparison to Google Bard (80.9%) (p<0.001), which was also noted in the ‘preparation for cataract surgery’ (85.2% vs 75.7%; p<0.001) and ‘recovery after cataract surgery’ (86.5% vs 82.3%; p=0.004) domains. There was no statistically significant difference in overall (42.5% vs 44.2%; p=0.344) or individual domain actionability scores (p>0.10). None of the generated material contained dangerous information.ConclusionIn comparison to Google Bard, ChatGPT-4 fared better overall, scoring higher on the PEMAT-P understandability scale and exhibiting more faithfulness to the prompt engineering instruction. Since input prompts might vary from real-world patient searches, follow-up studies with patient participation are required.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic exercise versus myofascial trigger point therapy in the treatment of shoulder tendinopathies: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Villa Muñoz Teresa , Velázquez Saornil Jorge , Sánchez Milá Zacarías , Romero-Morales Carlos , Almazán Polo Jaime , Baraja Vegas Luis , Hugo Villafañe Jorge , Abuín-Porras Vanesa 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveShoulder pain, primarily due to rotator cuff tendinopathy, significantly impacts function and quality of life, with considerable socioeconomic implications. Physiotherapy myofascial trigger point therapy (MPT) is traditionally used, but therapeutic exercise (TE) has gained attention for its potential administrative and implementation benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TE compared with MPT in treating shoulder tendinopathies.MethodsA single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted comparing TE and MPT. Outcome measures included pain intensity with the Numerical Rating Scale, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion (ROM), assessed before and after 10 treatment sessions. A total number of 72 participants (TE group n=36 age 49.22±15.29/MTP group n=36 age 49.03±19.12) participated in the study.InterventionsParticipants in both groups were evaluated before treatment and after 10 sessions. A total of 10 sessions were conducted over 5 weeks of intervention.ResultsBoth interventions showed improvements in pain intensity and ROM, with no significant differences between the groups in most measures except PPT, where TE demonstrated a greater decrease in pressure-induced pain.ConclusionTE could serve as an alternative to manual therapy, offering cost–benefit advantages, especially in administration via telecare and group sessions, highlighting its broader application in physiotherapy.Trial registration numberNCT06241404.
The association of the chemotherapy response score and homologous recombination deficiency in patients undergoing interval tumor reductive surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Nitecki Wilke Roni , Liu Jinsong , Westin Shannon Neville , Fellman Bryan M , Sims Travis T , Pham Melissa , Rangel Kelly , Sey Esther , Rauh-Hain Jose Alejandro , Lu Karen H , Sood Anil K , Fleming Nicole D 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesIn patients undergoing interval tumor reductive surgery, a good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may limit available tumor for homologous recombination deficiency testing. The objective of this study was to assess whether the chemotherapy response score predicts homologous recombination status.MethodsWe identified patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (diagnosed January 2019 to 20 June 2023) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, underwent interval surgery, and for whom a chemotherapy response score was reported (1=no or minimal tumor response, 2=appreciable tumor response, 3=complete or near complete response with no residual tumor). Comparisons were made using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 234 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent interval surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of those who underwent germline genetic testing, 22% (51/232) had a pathogenicBRCA1orBRCA2mutation and of those with tumors sent for testing, 65% were found to have homologous recombination deficiency (66/146). With increasing chemotherapy response scores, a higher likelihood of a complete gross resection was observed (50% (chemotherapy response score, CRS 1) vs 77% (CRS 2) vs 88% (CRS 3), p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, CRS 2 (adjusted odds ratio=3.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 9.60, p=0.03) and CRS 3 (5.83, 1.79 to 18.93, p=0.003) were independently associated with homologous recombination deficiency compared with CRS 1.ConclusionA positive response to chemotherapy at the time of interval tumor reductive surgery defined by the chemotherapy response score was associated with homologous recombination status and the likelihood of achieving a complete gross resection.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in Brassica napus L. for tolerance to water stress
Authors: Jayarathna Samadhi B. , Chawla Harmeet S. , Mira Mohammed M. , Duncan Robert W. , Stasolla Claudio 
Published: October 2024

Brassica napus L. plants are sensitive to water stress conditions throughout their life cycle from seed germination to seed setting. This study aims at identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to B. napus tolerance to water stress mimicked by applications of 10% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). Two doubled haploid populations, each consisting of 150 genotypes, were used for this research. Plants at the two true leaf stage of development were grown in the absence (control) or presence (stress) of PEG-6000 under controlled environmental conditions for 48 h, and the drought stress index was calculated for each genotype. All genotypes, along with their parents, were genotyped using the Brassica Infinium 90K SNP BeadChip Array. Inclusive composite interval mapping was used to identify QTL. Six QTL and 12 putative QTL associated with water stress tolerance were identified across six chromosomes (A2, A3, A4, A9, C3, and C7). Collectively, 2154 candidate genes for water stress tolerance were identified for all the identified QTL. Among them, 213 genes were identified as being directly associated with water stress (imposed by PEG-6000) tolerance based on nine functional annotations. These results can be incorporated into future breeding initiatives to select plant material with the ability to cope effectively with water stress.
Fully charmed tetraquarks from LHC to FCC: natural stability from fragmentation
Authors: Celiberto Francesco Giovanni , Gatto Gabriele , Papa Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the inclusive production of fully charmed tetraquarks, $$T_{4c}(0^{++})$$

T

4
c

(

0

+
+

)

or $$T_{4c}(2^{++})$$

T

4
c

(

2

+
+

)

radial excitations, in high-energy proton collisions. We build our study upon the collinear fragmentation of a single parton in a variable-flavor number scheme, suited to describe the tetraquark formation mechanism from moderate to large transverse-momentum regimes. To this extent, we derive a novel set of DGLAP-evolving collinear fragmentation functions, named determinations. They encode initial-scale inputs corresponding to both gluon and heavy-quark fragmentation channels, defined within the context of quark-potential and spin-physics inspired models, respectively. We work within the NLL/$$\hbox {NLO}^+$$

NLO
+

hybrid factorization and make use of the numeric interface along with the symbolic calculation plugin. With these tools, we provide predictions for high-energy observables sensitive to $$T_{4c}$$

T

4
c

plus jet emissions at center-of-mass energies ranging from 14 TeV at the LHC to the 100 TeV nominal energy of the FCC.
Generalized $$\widetilde{W}$$ algebras
Authors: Drachov Yaroslav 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, a new generalized family of infinite-dimensional $$ \widetilde{W} $$

W
~

algebras, each associated with a particular element of a commutative subalgebra of the $$ W_{1+\infty } $$

W

1
+
∞

algebra, was described. This paper provides a comprehensive account of the aforementioned association, accompanied by the requisite proofs and illustrative examples. This approach allows a derivation of Ward identities for selected WLZZ matrix models and the expansion of corresponding $$ W $$
W
-operators in terms of an infinite set of variables $$ p_k $$

p
k

.