bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparedness Decision Making in Offshore Oil and Gas - How much is enough?
Authors: O’Brien Michael L , Jones Rhys , Moore David M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-125:
A key challenge in offshore oil spill contingency planning is determining how much preparedness is enough. In other words, planning what types and quantities of oil spill response equipment, resources, and expertise ought to be held in readiness and with what mobilisation and deployment times, just in case a major oil spill occurs. For the offshore oil and gas sector much of the information required to plan for a response to a major incident, such as the location of the spill source, oil type, potential release rate and volume, local climate and metocean conditions, and environmental sensitivities, is already known or can be predicted. In this paper a process for determining appropriate levels of preparedness for offshore oil spill risk is proposed and analysed outside the realm of specific national regulatory frameworks. It is suggested that the approach has validity across all jurisdictions and is consistent with the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC). The approach begins with detailed activity and location-specific oil spill risk assessment which produces information on response needs, which is subsequently used in strategic and tactical response planning processes to describe the necessary response equipment and resources. Once the response resource requirements are established, optimal preparedness arrangements can then be designed that are specific to the nature and scale of the risk and the availability/criticality of the required response resources.
THE INCOMING REGIONAL RESPONSE REGIME IN ASEAN
Authors: Guevarra Joselito 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
After more than 20 years of work, the Southeast Asian region is poised to finalize a landmark Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan (ROSCP), which will form a solid foundation for a new regional response regime. The development of a Regional Plan is a commitment made by the ten member states of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and is currently undergoing internal approval by the ASEAN Maritime Transport Working Group (MTWG) prior to implementation.
The ASEAN member states committed to supporting the Regional Plan when the Transport Ministers of each member country signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the ASEAN Cooperation Mechanism for Joint Oil Spill Preparedness and Response on November 28, 2014. This MoU is the renewed and revitalized ASEAN Oil Spill Response Action Plan (OSRAP) that was signed in 1994 but was never implemented. The MoU is based on the principles of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC 1990), specifically Articles 5, 6, 7 and 10.
The aim of this paper is to document the historical evolution of the Regional Plan, starting from the early days of ASEAN until 2015 where it was developed by the ten member states. More importantly, this paper will highlight the current status of oil spill preparedness and response regimes in the region and how these will likely integrate into the Regional Plan when it is finally adopted. This will offer a unique perspective on the dynamics of intergovernmental agreements and on the important role of the oil and gas industry in helping governments achieve their goals of preparedness and response through capacity building and other activities, including through the partnership between the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Global Oil and Gas Industry Association for Environmental and Social Issues (IPIECA) which manages the Global Initiative for Southeast Asia (GISEA) Programme.
A JOURNEY TO EFFECTIVE RESPONSE: EXPERIENCE FROM KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: AMANZHOLOVA Dinara , TAYLOR Peter M. , KULEKEYEV Zhaxybek , NURTAYEVA Gulnara , DOSPAYEVA Gulnara 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The Republic of Kazakhstan has an oil production and transport industry of growing global importance; in 2015 crude oil production averaged 1.67 million bbl/day (74 million m3/year).
The growth of the oil industry and a changing risk profile has led to an evolution of oil spill preparedness. The national framework has been amended several times due to legislative and administrative changes. The latest National Oil Spill Contingency Plan was approved in 2012, providing impetus for further development through its implementation. This Plan’s policy embraces risk-based preparedness utilizing the full response toolkit.
In terms of realizing national policy, important amendments to the Environmental Code in 2016 addressed the following:– Exemption from emission control regulation; legitimate consequences of the response toolkit (such as adding dispersant and a smoke plume resulting from controlled burning) will not be considered as emissions.– Requirement for specific regulation of oil spill methods i.e. dispersant product approval and use authorization and in-situ burning procedures.
Industry worked with the authorities to address and develop effective regulation based on international good practices as promoted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and international oil industry associations. The national association Kazenergy provided a vehicle for aligned support across the local industry.
Kazakhstan is a member of the regional agreement to protect the Caspian marine environment. Cooperation in case of major oil pollution is being developed, through the implementation of the Aktau Protocol, which entered into force in July 2016. Kazakhstan is also in the process of ratifying the IMO Conventions relating to oil spill preparedness and response.
This paper describes the challenging journey to develop an effective response framework, highlighting that the process:– requires champions within authorities to promote legislative amendments;– benefits from alignment of industry through associations as an efficient means to provide support;– is inevitably slowed by governmental re-organization and it is challenging to achieve consensus across different Ministries and departments;– is enhanced where targeted local oil spill research provides credibility and validation of international inputs.
Significant commitment is needed to achieve legislative change but the prize it worth it. The result is a robust framework that mandates effective response using the best options to minimize environmental impacts and promote recovery in case of potential oil pollution.
Developing a better Common Operating Picture (COP) using open source data in a web map solution.
Authors: Fiksdal Gry Eide 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
How can the responders of an oil spill operation make sure that the Common Operating Picture (COP) gives the situational awareness that is needed? How can the response personnel avoid producing and consuming so much data that the COP gets overloaded with information? How can the users differentiate the “need to have” from the “nice to have” data? And what type of information do response personnel need offshore, and is that same information relevant for the Incident Command Post?
These are some of the questions that NOFO has discussed with the Norwegian Coastal Administration, our partner in the project “Web based map solution”. The project has so far developed a shoreline response tool, consisting of a web map solution and a mobile application (App). With the “Shoreline App” you can collect data in the field, take pictures and video, view oil contamination, and quickly communicate this to the web map-solution. This new technology enables the response organisation to document and act faster, more efficient with increased accuracy. The shoreline clean-up module includes SCAT, work assignments and daily reports from the field, as well as statistics and analysing tools.
Inspired by IOGP-IPIECA (2015), NOFO have started to improve the NOFO COP OSR (oil spill response) to cover offshore, nearshore and shoreline operations. The scope for this work is to create a seamless integration of the different data that we receive, especially the surveillance sensor data such as aerial overflights, satellite images, images from ships and UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles). All the data registered in the system are given a predefined timeframe in which they will automatically be deactivated from the COP. This aids us in managing the data flow, presenting the latest information available, and avoid taking action based on outdated information. A timeline gives either predictions, real time information or historical data, and enables the user to “play off” the incident from Day 1 until the end, or even for a specific period.
The Adaptive interface, which is the platform the NOFO COP OSR uses, features the possibility to build different COP viewpoints for different levels in the response organisation.
The NOFO COP OSR may also be used for communication externally during and after clean-up efforts. The public and press can get limited insight through role-based access.
Based on the collected data, statistics and graphs are easily generated for use in the preparation of reports and presentations.
The PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutation is highly specific in separating polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the palate from adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma on FNA
Authors: Andreasen Simon , Melchior Linea Cecilie , Kiss Katalin , Bishop Justin Avery , Høgdall Estrid , Grauslund Morten , Wessel Irene , Homøe Preben , Agander Tina Klitmøller 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDPolymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) of the palatal minor salivary glands, previously known as polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma, is the second most common intraoral malignant salivary gland carcinoma after adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and carries an excellent prognosis. Unfortunately, PAC demonstrates cytological overlap with 2 other salivary gland tumors frequently encountered in the same location, namely ACC and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Recently, the protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) hotspot mutation E710D was demonstrated to be specific for PAC and to be present in the majority of cases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the value of PRKD1 hotspot sequencing in identifying PAC in paired fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and surgical specimens from cases of PAC, ACC, and PA.METHODSPaired May‐Grunwald‐Giemsa‐stained FNA and corresponding surgical specimens were collected from 18 PAC cases, 25 ACC cases, and 21 PA cases. Both sets of specimens were subjected to dideoxynucleotide sequencing of PRKD1 exon 15, including the PRKD1 E710D hotspot.RESULTSOf the PAC cases, approximately 50% demonstrated identical PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutations on the FNA specimen and corresponding surgical specimen. Two ACC specimens had point mutations within the sequenced region in the FNA specimen as well as the surgical specimen, but none were located in the hotspot region. None of the PA cases demonstrated PRKD1 mutations. The specificity of the PRKD1 hotspot mutation for identifying PAC among ACC and PA cases was 100% whereas the sensitivity was 50%.CONCLUSIONSThe PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutation is highly specific for identifying PAC on FNA among cases of ACC and PA, whereas the sensitivity is only modest. Alternative PRKD1 mutations exclude PAC, and are more suggestive of ACC. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:275‐81. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Neurologic examination and instrument‐based measurements in the evaluation of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Omejec Gregor , Podnar Simon 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of the study was to compare the utility of instrument‐based assessment of peripheral nerve function with the neurologic examination in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). Methods: We prospectively recruited consecutive patients with suspected UNE, performed a neurologic examination, and performed instrument‐based measurements (muscle cross‐sectional area by ultrasonography, muscle strength by dynamometry, and sensation using monofilaments). Results: We found good correlations between clinical estimates and corresponding instrument‐based measurements, with similar ability to diagnose UNE and predict UNE pathophysiology. Discussion: Although instrument‐based methods provide quantitative evaluation of peripheral nerve function, we did not find them to be more sensitive or specific in the diagnosis of UNE than the standard neurologic examination. Likewise, instrument‐based methods were not better able to differentiate between groups of UNE patients with different pathophysiologies. Muscle Nerve 57: 951–957, 2018
Splenic Infarction as a Delayed Febrile Complication Following Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Patients: Computed Tomography‐Based Analysis
Authors: Jung Yoon Ju , Seo Ho Seok , Lee Han Hong , Kim Ji Hyun , Song Kyo Young , Choi Moon Hyung , Park Cho Hyun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of splenic infarction (SI) in gastric cancer patients who have undergone gastrectomy.MethodsFor this study, the medical records of 1084 patients were reviewed and 877 patients were ultimately enrolled. The times of symptom onset, diagnosis of SI, and complete resolution on CT were calculated from the day of the operation. Based on the wedge shape of the SI in all cases, the total volume of the SI was measured based on that of a corn kernel.ResultsThirty‐six patients (4.10%) were diagnosed with SI after gastrectomy; four of these patients (0.45%) developed complications associated with the SI. Total gastrectomy and extended lymph node dissection were risk factors for development of SI. Patients with complications exhibited inflammatory signs between 7 and 10 days after surgery. The mean volume of the SI was 4025.69 mm3. The mean time to complete resolution on the CT scan was 327 days postoperatively. In 30 cases, small branched arteries from the splenic artery that could have caused the SI were retrospectively detected on the preoperative CT scans.ConclusionAlthough the incidence of the SI was low, large volume of the SI is associated with complication development. Measuring the infarction volume via a CT scan may be useful to decide on the treatment strategy. Preoperative 3‐D reconstruction of the splenic artery tributaries may help reduce the risk of inadvertent SI.
Negative reactions to monitoring: Do they undermine the ability of monitoring to protect adolescents?
Authors: Laird Robert D. , Zeringue Megan M. , Lambert Emily S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis study focused on adolescents' negative reactions to parental monitoring to determine whether parents should avoid excessive monitoring because adolescents find monitoring behaviors to be over‐controlling and privacy invasive. Adolescents (n = 242, M age = 15.4 years; 51% female) reported monitoring, negative reactions, warmth, antisocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and disclosure. Adolescents additionally reported antisocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and disclosure one to two years later. In cross‐sectional analyses, less monitoring but more negative reactions were linked with less disclosure, suggesting that negative reactions can undermine parents' ability to obtain information. Although monitoring behaviors were not related to depressive symptoms, more negative reactions were linked with more depressive symptoms, suggesting that negative reactions also may increase depressive symptoms as a side effect of monitoring behavior. Negative reactions were not linked to antisocial behavior. There were no longitudinal links between negative reactions and changes in disclosure, antisocial behavior, or depressive symptoms.
Effect of Linear Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction—12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Study
Authors: Fojecki Grzegorz Lukasz , Tiessen Stefan , Osther Palle Jørn Sloth 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Short-term data on the effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) on erectile dysfunction (ED) have been inconsistent. The suggested mechanisms of action of Li-ESWT on ED include stimulation of cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis, which can be processes with a long generation time. Therefore, long-term data on the effect of Li-ESWT on ED are strongly warranted.

Aim
To assess the outcome at 6 and 12 months of linear Li-ESWT on ED from a previously published randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial.

Methods
Subjects with ED (N = 126) who scored lower than 25 points in the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) were eligible for the study. They were allocated to 1 of 2 groups: 5 weekly sessions of sham treatment (group A) or linear Li-ESWT (group B). After a 4-week break, the 2 groups received active treatment once a week for 5 weeks. At baseline and 6 and 12 months, subjects were evaluated by the IIEF-EF, the Erectile Hardness Scale (EHS), and the Sexual Quality of Life in Men.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome measure was an increase of at least 5 points in the IIEF-EF (ΔIIEF-EF score). The secondary outcome measure was an increase in the EHS score to at least 3 in men with a score no higher than 2 at baseline. Data were analyzed by linear and logistic regressions.

Results
Linear regression of the ΔIIEF-EF score from baseline to 12 months included 95 patients (dropout rate = 25%). Adjusted for the IIEF-EF score at baseline, the difference between groups B and A was −1.30 (95% CI = −4.37 to 1.77, P = .4). The success rate based on the main outcome parameter (ΔIIEF-EF score ≥ 5) was 54% in group A vs 47% in group B (odds ratio = 0.67, P = .28). Improvement based on changes in the EHS score in groups A and B was 34% and 24%, respectively (odds ratio = 0.47, P = .82).

Conclusion
Exposure to 2 cycles of linear Li-ESWT for ED is not superior to 1 cycle at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.
Changes in Male Rat Sexual Behavior and Brain Activity Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Response to Chronic Mild Stress
Authors: Chen Guotao , Yang Baibing , Chen Jianhuai , Zhu Leilei , Jiang Hesong , Yu Wen , Zang Fengchao , Chen Yun , Dai Yutian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Non-organic erectile dysfunction (noED) at functional imaging has been related to abnormal brain activity and requires animal models for further research on the associated molecular mechanisms.

Aim
To develop a noED animal model based on chronic mild stress and investigate brain activity changes.

Methods
We used 6 weeks of chronic mild stress to induce depression. The sucrose consumption test was used to assess the hedonic state. The apomorphine test and sexual behavior test were used to select male rats with ED. Rats with depression and ED were considered to have noED. Blood oxygen level-dependent–based resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were conducted on these rats, and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and functional connectivity were analyzed to determine brain activity changes.

Outcomes
The sexual behavior test and resting-state fMRI were used for outcome measures.

Results
The induction of depression was confirmed by the sucrose consumption test. A low intromission ratio and increased mount and intromission latencies were observed in male rats with depression. No erection was observed in male rats with depression during the apomorphine test. Male rats with depression and ED were considered to have noED. The possible central pathologic mechanism shown by fMRI involved the amygdaloid body, dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, caudate-putamen, cingulate gyrus, insular cortex, visual cortex, sensory cortex, motor cortex, and cerebellum. Similar findings have been found in humans.

Clinical Translation
The present study provided a novel noED rat model for further research on the central mechanism of noED.

Strengths and Limitations
The present study developed a novel noED rat model and analyzed brain activity changes based at fMRI. The observed brain activity alterations might not extend to humans.

Conclusion
The present study developed a novel noED rat model with brain activity alterations related to sexual arousal and erection, which will be helpful for further research involving the central mechanism of noED.
The Limits to Buying Stability in Tibet: Tibetan Representation and Preferentiality in China's Contemporary Public Employment System
Authors: Fischer Andrew M. , Zenz Adrian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBased on an entirely unexplored source of data, this paper analyses the evolution of Tibetan representation and preferentiality within public employment recruitment across all Tibetan areas from 2007 to 2015. While recruitment collapsed after the end of the job placement system (fenpei) in the early to mid-2000s, there was a strong increase in public employment recruitment from 2011 onwards. Tibetans were underrepresented within this increase, although not severely, and various implicit practices of preferentiality bolstered such representation, with distinct variations across regions and time. The combination reasserted the predominant role of the state as employer of educated millennials in Tibetan areas to the extent of re-introducing employment guarantees. We refer to this as the innovation of a neo-fenpei system. This new system is most clearly observed in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) from 2011 to 2016, although it appears to have been abandoned in 2017. One effect of neo-fenpei, in contrast to its predecessor, is that it accentuates university education as a driver of differentiation within emerging urban employment. The evolution of these recruitment practices reflects the complex tensions in Tibetan areas regarding the overarching goal of security and social stability (weiwen) emphasized by the Xi–Li administration, which has maintained systems of minority preferentiality but in a manner that enhances assimilationist trends rather than minority group empowerment.