bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities and Trends in Door-to-Needle Time
Authors: Oluwole Sofia A. , Wang Kefeng , Dong Chuanhui , Ciliberti-Vargas Maria A. , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Yi Li , Romano Jose G. , Perez Enmanuel , Tyson Brittany Ann , Ayodele Maranatha , Asdaghi Negar , Gardener Hannah , Rose David Z. , Garcia Enid J. , Zevallos Juan Carlos , Foster Dianne , Robichaux Mary , Waddy Salina P. , Sacco Ralph L. , Rundek Tatjana 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
In the United States, about half of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) receive treatment within 60 minutes of hospital arrival. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients receiving tPA within 60 minutes (door-to-needle time [DTNT] ≤60) and 45 minutes (DTNT ≤45) of hospital arrival by race/ethnicity and sex and to identify temporal trends in DTNT ≤60 and DTNT ≤45.

Methods—
Among 65 654 acute ischemic stroke admissions in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-funded FL-PR CReSD study (Florida-Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities) from 2010 to 2015, we included 6181 intravenous tPA-treated cases (9.4%). Generalized estimating equations were used to determine predictors of DTNT ≤60 and DTNT ≤45.

Results—
DTNT ≤60 was achieved in 42% and DTNT ≤45 in 18% of cases. After adjustment, women less likely received DTNT ≤60 (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.92) and DTNT ≤45 (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.93). Compared with Whites, Blacks less likely had DTNT ≤45 during off hours (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.98). Achievement of DTNT ≤60 and DTNT ≤45 was highest in South Florida (50%, 23%) and lowest in West Central Florida (28%, 11%).

Conclusions—
In the FL-PR CReSD, achievement of DTNT ≤60 and DTNT ≤45 remains low. Compared with Whites, Blacks less likely receive tPA treatment within 45 minutes during off hours. Treatment within 60 and 45 minutes is lower in women compared with men and lowest in West Central Florida compared with other Florida regions and Puerto Rico. Further research is needed to identify reasons for delayed thrombolytic treatment in women and Blacks and factors contributing to regional disparities in DTNT.
Workup for Perinatal Stroke Does Not Predict Recurrence
Authors: Lehman Laura L. , Beaute Jeanette , Kapur Kush , Danehy Amy R. , Bernson-Leung Miya E. , Malkin Hayley , Rivkin Michael J. , Trenor Cameron C. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Perinatal stroke, including neonatal and presumed perinatal presentation, represents the age in childhood in which stroke occurs most frequently. The roles of thrombophilia, arteriopathy, and cardiac anomalies in perinatal ischemic stroke are currently unclear. We took a uniform approach to perinatal ischemic stroke evaluation to study these risk factors and their association with recurrent stroke.

Methods—
We reviewed records of perinatal stroke patients evaluated from August 2008 to February 2016 at a single referral center. Demographics, echocardiography, arterial imaging, and thrombophilia testing were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exact test.

Results—
Across 215 cases, the median follow-up was 3.17 years (1.49, 6.46). Females comprised 42.8% of cases. Age of presentation was neonatal (110, 51.2%) or presumed perinatal (105, 48.8%). The median age at diagnosis was 2.9 days (interquartile range, 2.0–9.9) for neonatal stroke and 12.9 months (interquartile range, 8.7–32.8) for presumed perinatal stroke. Strokes were classified as arterial (149, 69.3%), venous (60, 27.9%), both (4, 1.9%), or uncertain (2, 0.9%) by consensus imaging review. Of the 215 cases, there were 6 (2.8%) recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events. Abnormal thrombophilia testing was not associated with recurrent stroke, except for a single patient with combined antithrombin deficiency and protein C deficiency. After excluding venous events, 155 patients were evaluated for arteriopathy and cardioembolic risk factors; neither was associated with recurrent stroke. Positive family history of thrombosis was not predictive of abnormal thrombophilia testing.

Conclusions—
Thrombophilia, arteriopathy, or cardioembolic risk factors were not predictive of recurrent events after perinatal stroke. Thrombophilia evaluation in perinatal stroke should only rarely be considered.
Persistence of the nematicide fluensulfone in potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) beds under field conditions
Authors: Norshie Patrick M. , Grove Ivan G. , Back Matthew A. 
Published: July 2017

As part of a broader study to evaluate the efficacy of fluensulfone for control of the potato cyst nematode,Globodera pallida, two field experiments in Shropshire (at Woodcote and Howle in 2010 and 2011, respectively) England, were used to monitor the persistence of fluensulfone in potato beds treated with Nimitz 15G®(fluensulfone) at 27 kg ha−1. Fluensulfone dissipated at similar rates in the two fields, with a trend best described by a sigmoidal curve. The time to 50% dissipation (DT50) was 24.3 days at Woodcote, and 23.7 days at Howle. No differences were found between the DT50for fluensulfone and that observed for fosthiazate. The short DT50demonstrated for fluensulfone in this study is a positive attribute as this nematicide may pose a negligible hazard to the environment. However, its persistence at an effective dose may be long enough to be effective over the peak hatch period ofG. pallida.
A Characterization of Multivariate Binomial Distribution by Univariate Marginals1
Authors: Doss D.C. , Graham R.C. 
Published: July 2017

A distribution P0 of a random vector X = ( X1,..., X n) is said to be linear exponential in a parameter θ = ( θ1,..., θ n) if [Formula: see text]. A multivariate linear exponential distribution is binomial if and only if its univariate marginals are binomial.
Risk Analysis and Robustness of four Shrinkage Estimators
Authors: Pal Nabendu , Chano Ching-Hui 
Published: July 2017

In this paper we first investigate the risk properties of four shrinkage estimators of a location vector assuming that the random vector follows a multivariate normal distribution. Next we study the risk performance of these four estimators under a multivariate 1 distribution with n(⩾ 3) degrees of freedom. It bas been found that under both the models the four shrinkage estimators preserve almost the same relative merits and demerits. AMS 1991 Subject Classifications : Primary 62C15, Secondary 62H12.
Pathological Fire-Setting 1951–1991: A Review
Authors: Barnett W , Spitzer M 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to review the whole literature on pathological fire-setting and related fields since 1951 in order to present a state of the art picture of our contemporary knowledge about this phenomenon. Papers were initially selected by using a Medline search. From the articles obtained in this way the references had to be pursued, because many relevant papers and books in this research field of different scientific and practical disciplines are not listed in conventional literature services. Finally, only those contributions were selected which provided new information when published, by original research, theoretical interpretation or practical implications. The last forty years have brought a growing body of data and understanding — especially concerning pathogical fire-setting by children — etiology, and therapy, which often proves successful. The situation remains unclear for arson by psychologically disturbed adults and we still have a poor understanding of arson without apparent motive. There is a conflict of opinion as to whether adult fire-setters are suitable for therapy and therapeutic efforts dealing with psychologically disturbed adults are rare. With increasing knowledge about child fire-setting and its successful treatment, etiological and therapeutic models for adult fire-setting behaviour may be developed. Research into the latter area should focus on both biographical and social conditions of development from childhood on as well as biological measures. Both will be reviewed here.
A Modified Stethoscope to Assist in the Identification of Tooth Coloured Restorations
Authors: Prinz J F 
Published: July 2017

Forensic odontologists are often called upon to assist in the identification of bodies. Since identification of the body relies on comparison of the post-mortem chart with the ante-mortem record it is important that all restorations present in the deceased's teeth are identified and correctly charted. If a restoration is present in an ante-mortem record then its absence in the post-mortem chart means that the two records cannot belong to the same person, However, tooth-coloured restorations can be difficult to identify, especially in the less than ideal conditions under which the odontologist may have to work. This study was designed to evaluate a simple technique for identifying tooth-coloured restorations, exploiting the difference between the surface roughness of restorative materials and that of the surrounding tooth substance. A conventional dental probe was substituted for the bell of a stethoscope. Differences in the surface texture of the tooth are reflected in changes in the sound heard by the examiner. The modified stethoscope is a useful and easily fabricated device, which may reduce the likelihood of small tooth-coloured restorations going unnoticed in post-mortem examinations. The ability to detect fissure sealants using the device may also prove useful in epidemiological studies.
Mid-term results in the treatment of varicose veins with N-butyl cyanoacrylate
Authors: Eroglu Erdinc , Yasim Alptekin , Ari Murat , Ekerbicer Hasan , Kocarslan Aydemir , Kabalci Mehmet , Acıpayam Mehmet 
Published: July 2017

Aim To present mid-term results of patients with varicose veins treated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (VariClose®), a nontumescent endovenous ablation technique. Patients and method Endovenous ablation was performed on 180 patients with saphenous vein incompetence between May and October 2014. One hundred sixty-eight subjects capable of being followed-up for 30 months were included. Patients’ pre- and postoperative data were recorded. Results Procedures were performed on the great saphenous vein in 159 patients and on the small saphenous vein in nine patients. Saphenous vein diameters ranged between 5.5 mm and 14 mm. Full ablation was achieved in all patients following the procedure. No complications were encountered. Patients were monitored for 30 months. Ablation rates were 100% at the 3rd month, 98.3% at the 6th month, 96.6% at 1 year, and 94.1% at 30 months. Mean venous clinical severity score was 10.2 before procedures, decreasing to 3.9 at 3 months, 4.2 at 6 months, 2.9 at 12 months, and 2.7 at 30 months ( p = 0.000). Conclusion Due to its high success rate, absence of complications, no tumescent anesthesia requirement and high patient satisfaction, endovenous ablation with N-butyl cyanoacrylate is a good method. However, long-term follow-up results are now needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Early Detection, Intervention, Education, and Psychopharmacological Management
Authors: Bryson Susan E , Rogers Sally J , Fombonne Eric 
Published: July 2017

Our understanding and treatment of children with autism have changed dramatically since Leo Kanner first formally documented the disorder in 1943. With reference to the historical context, this paper reviews recent research addressing 4 major issues: early detection, intervention, education, and psychopharmacological management of children with autism and related (autistic) spectrum disorders (hereafter, “autism”). We conclude from our review of the evidence that, in the absence of additional, more compelling data, the clinical usefulness of existing screening instruments remains questionable. However, the potential importance of such research is underscored by the clear benefits of early behavioural intervention: despite differences in orientation, outcomes for children with autism can be significantly enhanced with early intensive intervention. Although many questions remain (notably, What are the critical therapeutic components? For whom? For what domains of development? For what level of intensity and duration?), interventions shown to be effective are all carefully planned, engineered, monitored, and designed to target specific skill domains. Including children with autism in regular classes within the public school system poses several challenges, the most pressing of which is the large number of school personnel who need to be trained in evidence-based teaching and behavioural management practices. Finally, psychotropic drugs may help to reduce some symptoms, but they are neither curative nor a substitute for other forms of support and intervention.
Association between Mental Health Apprehensions by Police and Monthly Income Assistance (Welfare) Payments
Authors: Pickett Tracy A , Stenstrom Robert J , Abu-Laban Riyad B 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Social misconduct, increased police activity, and increased emergency department (ED) use are associated with monthly income assistance (welfare) payments. The relation, if any, between welfare payments and mental health and addictions presentations to the ED requiring police involvement remains unknown. Our purpose was to determine if a relation exists between mental health apprehensions (MHAs) by police and monthly welfare cheque distribution, and the association between monthly payments and mental health and substance-related ED presentations. Method: The Vancouver Police administrative database was analyzed during an 81-week period (June 8, 2011, to December 25, 2012). Comparisons were made between the numbers of MHAs by police during the week following welfare payment to those during nonpayment weeks. The weekly number of mental health and substance-related ED presentations were also analyzed during the study period. MHAs were analyzed continuously, and compared using the 2-tailed t test. Results: During the study period, 4009 MHAs occurred (range 1 to 18 MHAs/day). The mean weekly MHAs during welfare week was 54.6 (95% CI 51.75 to 57.45), compared with 48.6 (95% CI 46.35 to 50.85) during nonpayment weeks ( P = 0.004). This translates to 85 MHAs annually related to welfare payments. Total mental health and addictions-related presentations to the ED were also significantly increased in the week following welfare payments ( P < 0.001), and could not be solely attributed to increased MHAs by police. Conclusion: A statistically significant increase in the number of MHAs by police follows welfare payments. This is superimposed on a significant increase in overall mental health and substance-related ED presentations seen during the same period.
Making Magic
Authors: Rooney Melody A. 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to share some examples of the positive impact of parental and community involvement upon gifted children. Starfire, the gifted program in Temple, Texas, is a beautiful example of what a community can do for its kids when parents, businesses and schools work together. The support of a progressive school board, administration, teachers, and parents have been responsible for a full time program of superior quality.
A Hybrid Mpi-Openmp Implementation of an Implicit Finite-Element Code on Parallel Architectures
Authors: Mahinthakumar G. , Saied F. 
Published: July 2017

Summary The hybrid MPI-OpenMP model is a natural parallel programming paradigm for emerging parallel architectures that are based on symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) clusters. This paper presents a hybrid implementation adapted for an implicit finite-element code developed for groundwater transport simulations. The original code was parallelized for distributed memory architectures using MPI (Message Passing Interface) using a domain decomposition strategy. OpenMP directives were then added to the code (a straightforward loop-level implementation) to use multiple threads within each MPI process. To improve the OpenMP performance, several loop modifications were adopted. The parallel performance results are compared for four modern parallel architectures. The results show that for most of the cases tested, the pure MPI approach outperforms the hybrid model. The exceptions to this observation were mainly due to a limitation in the MPI library implementation on one of the architectures. A general conclusion is that while the hybrid model is a promising approach for SMP cluster architectures, at the time of this writing, the payoff may not be justified for converting all existing MPI codes to hybrid codes. However, improvements in OpenMP compilers combined with potential MPI limitations in SMP nodes may make the hybrid approach more attractive for a broader set of applications in the future.
Combined Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Atypical Fibroxanthoma
Authors: Youker Summer R. , Billingsley Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Although there are reports of squamous cell carcinoma arising within and adjacent to Merkel cell carcinoma, and one report of an atypical fibroxanthoma-like tumor arising in an irradiated recurrent Merkel cell carcinoma, there have previously been no reports of an immunohistochemically verified atypical fibroxanthoma occurring in conjunction with a Merkel cell carcinoma. Objective: We report on a neoplasm with distinct features of both Merkel cell carcinoma and atypical fibroxanthoma. Methods: Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. Results: Our results verify the finding of a combined Merkel cell carcinoma and atypical fibroxanthoma. Conclusion: This case is an interesting and unusual combination of tumors. The origin of the Merkel cell carcinoma is revisited. Debated origins include neuroendocrine, epithelial, and pleuripotent stem cell.
Role of the State in Partnerships with the Private Sector
Authors: Verma Manisha 
Published: July 2017

The State, as we know, has been transforming in many ways. From a unitary and predominantly hierarchical entity perceived to be almost ‘dictatorial’ by many, it is seen to be forging coalitions and partnerships with varied non-State actors ostensibly to benefit from their expertise, resources and knowledge to achieve public goals. These partners include the private sector, NGOs, civil society organisations, practitioners, experts and academicians. Such partnerships (e.g., public–private partnerships or PPPs) are an emerging feature of public policy around the world. While some analysts believe that this implies ‘decline of the State’ or what is popularly termed as ‘State failure’ with the State ceding its powers to non-State actors, others are of the view that these forms of new governance indicate a collective policy process where governing is accomplished with and through what are known as ‘policy’ or ‘governance’ networks. The new definition of governance lays stress on a ‘centreless society’ in a polycentric State defined by multiple actors and differentiated polity. An emerging body of evidence, however, suggests that when entities with distinct agenda, motivation, priorities, values, ethics and ideologies (based on the normative and conventional division of roles) come together for the achievement of State-directed goals, not only do the role and responsibilities of the State get transformed, but there emerge several public policy and governance issues. The partnerships, due to their multi-actor and multi-form structures, are observed in many cases to lead to indeterminate outcomes, exclude vulnerable and unrepresented sections, result in agency capture and tend to steer policies towards own selves. There is growing consensus in literature for an enhanced role of the State in the governance of networks, rather than a diminished role. The article will provide theoretical insights into what are the factors that have contributed to this transformation in governance, policy challenges in the partnerships with the private actors and highlight the redefined roles and responsibilities of the State agencies within these new forms of governance.
Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for tuberculosis: meta-analyses and burden of disease
Authors: Imtiaz Sameer , Shield Kevin D. , Roerecke Michael , Samokhvalov Andriy V. , Lönnroth Knut , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: July 2017

Meta-analyses of alcohol use, alcohol dosage and alcohol-related problems as risk factors for tuberculosis incidence were undertaken. The global alcohol-attributable tuberculosis burden of disease was also re-estimated.Systematic searches were conducted, reference lists were reviewed and expert consultations were held to identify studies. Cohort and case-control studies were included if there were no temporal violations of exposure and outcome. Risk relations (RRs) were pooled by using categorical and dose-response meta-analyses. The alcohol-attributable tuberculosis burden of disease was estimated by using alcohol-attributable fractions.36 of 1108 studies were included. RRs for alcohol use and alcohol-related problems were 1.35 (95% CI 1.09–1.68; I2: 83%) and 3.33 (95% CI 2.14–5.19; 87%), respectively. Concerning alcohol dosage, tuberculosis risk rose as ethanol intake increased, with evidence of a threshold effect. Alcohol consumption caused 22.02 incident cases (95% CI 19.70–40.77) and 2.35 deaths (95% CI 2.05–4.79) per 100 000 people from tuberculosis in 2014. Alcohol-attributable tuberculosis incidence increased between 2000 and 2014 in most high tuberculosis burden countries, whereas mortality decreased.Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis in all meta-analyses. It was consequently a major contributor to the tuberculosis burden of disease.
Changes in pulmonary exercise haemodynamics in scleroderma: a 4-year prospective study
Authors: Kovacs Gabor , Avian Alexander , Wutte Nora , Hafner Franz , Moazedi-Fürst Florentine , Kielhauser Sonja , Aberer Elisabeth , Brodmann Marianne , Graninger Winfried , Foris Vasile , Olschewski Andrea , Olschewski Horst 
Published: July 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a feared complication of systemic sclerosis. In this prospective cohort study, we monitored the changes in resting and exercise pulmonary haemodynamics of scleroderma patients without initial PAH over a mean follow-up period of ∼4 years.All patients underwent exercise echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing at baseline and follow-up. A subgroup underwent exercise right heart catheter (RHC) investigations. The primary end-point was the echocardiographic systolic pulmonary arterial pressure at 50 W exercise (sPAP50).We included 99 patients, of whom 58 had a complete dataset. Three out of 99 patients developed RHC-confirmed PAH (0.75 cases per 100 patient-years). sPAP50increased (p<0.001) and peak oxygen uptake (secondary end-point) decreased significantly (p=0.001) during follow-up, but there was no significant change in resting sPAP (p=0.38). In the RHC subgroup (n=28), mean (m)PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance at 50 W increased significantly (p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively), but resting mPAP was unchanged.Scleroderma patients without PAH develop a mild but significant deterioration of pulmonary exercise haemodynamics and exercise capacity over a 4-year follow-up period, indicating a progression of pulmonary vascular disease. The manifestation rate of RHC-confirmed PAH was 0.75 cases per 100 patient-years.