bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senescent CD8+ T cells: a novel risk factor in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Xiang , Bao Yangyang , Zhang Ning , Lin Changjian , Xie Yun , Wei Yue , Luo Qingzhi , Liu Jingmeng , Sha Zimo , Wu Guanhua , Zhou Taojie , Chen Qiujing , Ling Tianyou , Pan Wenqi , Lu Lin , Wu Liqun , Dai Yang , Jin Qi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Immune cell alterations may play a role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Our objective was to comprehensively characterize immune cells in AF, and investigate the potential mechanisms.

Methods and results
Single-cell RNA sequencing and multicolour flow cytometry revealed that T cells constituted the most significant subset alterations in AF, and senescent CD8+ T cells were AF-associated subset. Senescent CD8+ T cells increased in both peripheral veins (P &lt; 0.0001) and the left atria (P &lt; 0.05) in patients with AF compared to non-AF control. Senescent CD8+ T cells were independently associated with AF prevalence (odds ratio = 2.876, P &lt; 0.05) and postprocedural recurrence (hazard ratio = 22.955, P &lt; 0.0001) using a cross-sectional study and a subsequent prospective cohort study. Senescent CD8+ T cells secreted an increased amount of interferon (IFN)-γ, which induces Ca2+ handling abnormalities in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes, and translated into an increased susceptibility to AF assessed by heart optical mapping.

Conclusions
An increased amount of senescent CD8+ T cells may be a hallmark of the immune senescence phenotype in AF and potentially serve as a valid biomarker for assessing prevalence and postprocedural recurrence of AF. By connecting immune senescence with electrophysiological disturbances in AF, this research provides a potential mechanism for the involvement of senescent CD8+ T cells in proarrhythmic calcium disorders and suggests novel avenues for developing new immune-modulatory and senolytic therapies for AF.
Interoperable and scalable echosounder data processing with Echopype
Authors: Lee Wu-Jung , Setiawan Landung , Tuguinay Caesar , Mayorga Emilio , Staneva Valentina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Echosounders are high-frequency sonar systems used to sense fish and zooplankton underwater. Their deployment on a variety of ocean observing platforms is generating vast amounts of data at an unprecedented speed from the oceans. Efficient and integrative analysis of these data, whether across different echosounder instruments or in combination with other oceanographic datasets, is crucial for understanding marine ecosystem response to the rapidly changing climate. Here we present Echopype, an open-source Python software library designed to address this need. By standardizing data as labeled, multi-dimensional arrays encoded in the widely embraced netCDF data model following a community convention, Echopype enhances the interoperability of echosounder data, making it easier to explore and use. By leveraging scientific Python libraries optimized for distributed computing, Echopype achieves computational scalability, enabling efficient processing in both local and cloud computing environments. Echopype’s modularized package structure further provides a unified framework for expanding support for additional instrument raw data formats and incorporating new analysis functionalities. We plan to continue developing Echopype by supporting and collaborating with the echosounder user community, and envision that the growth of this package will catalyze the integration of echosounder data into broader regional and global ocean observation strategies.
The flyway construct and assessment of offshore wind farm impacts on migratory marine fauna
Authors: Secor David H , O'Brien Michael H P , Bailey Helen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The flyway construct was developed in the 1930s to protect networks of bird stopover habitats along annual migration circuits. Here flyway is conceived as a quantifiable vector, a construct of the seasonal velocity and the geographic route taken among networked habitats, generalizable among marine migratory animals, and a way forward in assessing regional offshore wind (OW) development impacts. OW development in the South and East China Sea, North Sea, and US Mid-Atlantic Bight will result in thousands of offshore wind turbines that transect coastal and shelf flyways, not only for birds but also for fishes, sea turtles, and marine mammals. With increased capacity to fully measure the extent and dynamics of migrations through electronic tracking and observing systems, avian-like behaviors are apparent for whales, turtles, and fishes, such as stopover behaviors, migration synchrony, and partial migration. Modeled northwest Atlantic flyways (migration vectors) for northern gannets, striped bass, and North Atlantic right whale quantified seasonal speed, persistence, and variance during seasonal migration phases. From these flyway models, a series of flyway metrics are proposed that lend themselves to hypothesis-testing, dynamic habitat models, and before–after impact assessment. The flyway approach represents a departure from current impact designs, which are dominated by local OW farm studies and, at regional dimensions, survey-based (Eulerian) data structures (overlap models). As a next step, we encourage colleagues to develop flyway databases and test flyway hypotheses for model species.
Trends, Age-Period-Cohort Effects, and Projections in the Incidence and Mortality of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS Among the Elderly in China
Authors: Chen Jinwei , Chang Yikun , Wu Yueqian , Tang Hui , Wu Gonghua , Sun Jie , Wang Pengyu , Hao Yuantao , Zhang Wangjian , Du Zhicheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS among elderly persons presents a new public health challenge in China. We aimed to explore historical trends (2004–2018) and project the future (2019–2030) burden of HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality among the elderly in China.

Methods
We utilized data from the Data Center of China Public Health Science database on HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality, employing the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to reveal the age-period-cohort effect in the HIV/AIDS burden, and projecting the incidence and mortality rates up to 2030.

Results
From 2004 to 2018, HIV/AIDS incidence rates increased from 0.56 to 20.78 per 100 000 for men and 0.28 to 7.84 per 100 000 for women. The mortality rates also increased in both sexes. We observed the highest age effect in incidence among men aged 70–74 years and women aged 55–59 years, with the effect estimates being 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.10 to .13) and 0.46 (95% CI, .35–.57), respectively. Similar sex disparities were observed for mortality, with the highest age effect observed in men aged 75–79 years and women aged 50–54 years. However, no significant disparities were found between men and women in the period and cohort effects. By 2030, the incidence rates were projected to be 96.25 per 100 000 in men and 44.90 per 100 000 in women, while the mortality rates were projected to be 48.27 and 13.67 per 100 000, respectively.

Conclusions
HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality rates rose notably among the elderly in China and are expected to keep increasing in the coming decades. Rates were consistently higher in men than in women. Tailored interventions for older men are crucial.
Multidrug-resistant organism bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients and impact on mortality: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Alice J , Dennis Adelaide S M , Fariha Zarin , Pai Mangalore Rekha , Macesic Nenad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. There are few data regarding the contribution of MDR organisms (MDROs) to these infections. We evaluated the resistance percentage of MDRO BSIs in SOT recipients and the associated mortality.

Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase databases up to January 2024, for studies of adult SOT recipients that quantified MDRO BSI resistance percentage and/or associated crude mortality. MDROs studied were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E), MRSA and VRE. Resistance percentage and mortality outcomes were reported as median (IQR) and crude mortality (%), respectively.

Results
Of 945 studies identified, 52 were included. Most were retrospective (41/52) and/or single centre (37/52), and liver transplantation was the most frequently studied SOT type (22/52). High resistance percentages of BSIs were noted, ranging from 13.6% CRE for Enterobacterales to 59.2% CRAB for A. baumannii. Resistance percentage trends decreased over time, but these changes were not statistically significant. Asia had the highest resistance percentages for MRSA [86.2% (IQR 77.3%–94.6%)], 3GCR-E [59.5% (IQR 40.5%–66.7%)] and CRE [35.7% (IQR 8.3%–63.1%)]. North America had the highest VRE resistance percentages [77.7% (IQR 54.6%–94.7%)]. Crude mortality was 15.4%–82.4% and was consistently higher than for non-MDRO BSIs.

Conclusions
MDRO BSI resistance percentages were high for all pathogens studied (IQR 24.6%–69.4%) but there was geographical and temporal heterogeneity. MDRO BSIs were associated with high mortality in SOT recipients. Microbiological and clinical data in this vulnerable population were incomplete, highlighting the need for robust international multicentre studies.
Improving the Measurement of Gender in Surveys: Effects of Categorical Versus Open-Ended Response Formats on Measurement and Data Quality Among College Students
Authors: Garbarski Dana , Dykema Jennifer , Yonker James A , Bae Rosie Eungyuhl , Rosenfeld Rachel A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While researchers have some recommendations for measuring gender identity in surveys based on research and other sources that are summarized in a series of working group and panel reports, we continue to refine our understanding and practices. Gender identity is usually measured in surveys using a categorical selection response format with a small number of response options (e.g., “female,” “male,” “nonbinary”) and an open text response field to capture additional responses (“not listed, please tell us”). There is limited research guiding researchers on the use of other response formats. This study reports results from a between-subjects experiment embedded in a campus climate survey about university students’ attitudes about their campus and their behaviors and experiences related to inclusion and belonging at a large Midwestern university in 2021. Over 13,000 students were asked “What is your gender?” and subsequently randomly assigned to respond using either a categorical selection response format or an open response format (i.e., a place to specify their gender with no response options listed). We examine the distribution of responses, item nonresponse, response times, and concurrent validity (in terms of the association between gender and relevant survey outcomes) across the two response formats. Findings indicate the categorical selection response format is preferred for this population. While results show similar distributions in the categorization of responses across the formats and similar relationships with other survey outcomes, the selection format is associated with less item nonresponse and shorter response times.
Original Research: Exploring Black Nurses' Perceptions of Workplace Safety and Personal Health
Authors: Martin Nia M. , Dehom Salem O. , Cuccia Alison F. , Boston-Leary Katie , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess the perceptions of nurses who self-identify as Black or African American regarding their workplace health and safety and to explore how these perceptions are associated with their perceived personal health.

Background:
Nurses practicing in unhealthy work environments can experience poorer physical and mental health. Recent civil unrest and ongoing dialogue about structural and systemic racism have prompted calls for greater efforts to understand the workplace perceptions and experiences of ethnic minority nurses, and how these influence nurses' personal well-being. But there is a dearth of relevant evidence concerning these nurses, including Black nurses.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved analysis of secondary data collected from May 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019, by the American Nurses Association's HealthyNurse Survey (N = 19,131). We employed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses to examine the data for the 1,143 respondents who both self-identified as Black or African American and responded to all items concerning the major variable of personal health.

Results:
Overall, respondents reported a slight tendency to agree or strongly agree that their practice environments were safe. When looking at various factors explaining personal health, the perception of workplace health and safety was found to be a significant contributing factor.

Conclusions:
The study findings suggest that, among Black nurses, perceptions about workplace health and safety are associated with perceived personal health. These findings underscore the importance of fostering healthy work environments.
Survival After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Based on In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Cannulation Location: An Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael , Zaaqoq Akram , Curley Jonathan , Buchner Jessica , Wu Isaac , Beller Jared , Teman Nicholas , Glance Laurent 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Explore whether extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) mortality differs by in-hospital cardiac arrest location and whether moving patients for cannulation impacts outcome.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
ECPR hospitals that report data to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO).

PATIENTS:
Patients having ECPR for in-hospital cardiac arrest between 2020 and 2023 with data in the ELSO registry.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Patient demographics, comorbidities, pre-cardiac arrest conditions, pre-ECPR vasopressor use, cardiac arrest details, ECPR cannulation information, major complications, and in-hospital mortality were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between in-hospital mortality and 1) cardiac arrest location and 2) moving a patient for ECPR cannulation. A total of 2515 patients met enrollment criteria. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for mortality was increased in patients who had a cardiac arrest in the ICU (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.45–2.38; p < 0.001) and in patients who had a cardiac arrest in an acute care bed (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.09–2.58; p = 0.02) compared with the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Moving a patient for cannulation had no association with mortality (aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.18–2.81; p = 0.62). Advanced patient age was associated with increased mortality. Specifically, patients 60–69 and patients 70 years old or older were more likely to die compared with patients younger than 30 years old (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.17–2.50; p = 0.006 and aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.49–3.48; p < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
ECPR patients who experienced cardiac arrest in the ICU and in acute care hospital beds had increased odds of mortality compared with other locations. Moving patients for ECPR cannulation was not associated with improved outcomes.
Concurrent Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency and Mild Neurotrophic Keratopathy in Graft-Vs-Host Disease
Authors: Yavuz Saricay Leyla , Surico Pier Luigi , Tandias Rachel , Jurkunas Ula V. , Dana Reza 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to delineate the concurrence of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and neurotrophic keratopathy in patients with ocular graft-vs-host disease (oGVHD).

Methods:
Medical records of patients with oGVHD were reviewed. Parameters collected included corneal sensitivity measured by using a noncontact esthesiometer, corneal fluorescein staining score (National Eye Institute grading scale), tear volume (Schirmer I test), and subbasal nerve density and limbal structure assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients (mean age: 60.8 ± 10.4 years) with oGVHD were included; 50% (n = 14) had partial LSCD (P-LSCD), and 32% (n = 9) had complete LSCD (C-LSCD). Patients with C-LSCD showed significantly reduced total nerve density and branch nerve density compared with those with P-LSCD (P < 0.02, P < 0.04) and no LSCD (P < 0.01, P = 0.02). Dendritic cell density was significantly higher in the C-LSCD group compared with the no LSCD group (P < 0.05). Corneal sensitivity was significantly reduced in patients with C-LSCD compared with those with P-LSCD (P = 0.01) and no LSCD (P < 0.02). Patients with C-LCSD had higher corneal fluorescein staining scores than patients with P-LSCD (P < 0.01) and no LSCD (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
This study highlights a significant concurrence of LSCD and neurotrophic keratopathy in patients with oGVHD, underscoring the link between inflammation, neurodegeneration, and loss of stem cell function.
Antiviral Treatment and Risk of Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic and Mild Symptomatic Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Villaverde Serena , Pedrero-Tomé Roberto , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Syridou Garyfallia , Karagiannidou Sofia , Lyall Hermione , Payne Helen , Frick Marie Antoinette , Soler-Palacín Pere , Baquero-Artigao Fernando , Rodríguez-Molino Paula , Fortuny-Guasch Claudia , Rios-Barnés Maria , Sánchez-Mateos Miguel , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Bringué Xavier , Moliner Elisenda , Castells Laura , Muga Oihana , Vives-Oños Isabel , Gkentzi Despoina , Lombardi Giuseppina , Tagarro Alfredo , Colino Elena , Couceiro Jose A. , Rojo Pablo , de Vergas Joaquín , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel ,   on behalf of the cCMVnet Registry Study Group
Published: October 2024

Background:
To assess hearing outcomes at 24 months of age in infants with mild congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, depending on whether they have received antiviral treatment or not.

Methods:
A retrospective study within the European Registry of Children with cCMV was performed. Included children had cCMV diagnosed in utero/in the first 21 days of life, with normal physical examination, alanine aminotransferase <80 U/L and platelets >100,000 cs/mm3 and absence of hearing loss (HL) at birth. Cranial ultrasound (cUS) and/or cranial magnetic resonance imaging was normal or with minor findings (isolated lenticulostriate vasculopathy and/or germinolysis/caudothalamic or subependymal cysts, and/or focal/multifocal white matter involvement). The main outcome was the presence of HL at 24 months of age.

Results:
One hundred ninety-six patients met inclusion criteria. A total of 34.7% received antiviral treatment with valganciclovir/ganciclovir. Children treated had lower gestational age, birth weight and head circumference, and maternal primary infection was less frequent. Among treated children, 21.3% presented minor findings in cUS versus 6.3% in nontreatment group (P = 0.003). Nine patients (4.6%) developed HL at 24 months. Among children with HL, 20% presented minor findings in cUS versus 11.3% in non-HL group (P = NS). HL rate was similar in treated and nontreated groups (4.6% vs. 6.3%; P = 0.6).

Conclusions:
One-third of the children were treated with antivirals and infants with minor neuroimaging findings at birth were more likely to receive antiviral. There were no differences in the prevalence of HL at 2 years of age between treated and not-treated children. Minor neuroimaging findings were not clearly associated with an increased risk of delayed onset HL.
Imaging approach for fungal sinusitis
Authors: Dagher Richard , Calle Susana , Learned Kim O. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This article provides a comprehensive review of the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of invasive fungal sinusitis with an emphasis on pattern recognition and approach to interpretation.

Recent findings
Fungal sinusitis is categorized into invasive (acute, chronic, and granulomatous) and noninvasive forms (allergic fungal sinusitis and mycetoma). CT is superior for detecting bony erosion and hyperdense fungal elements, while MRI excels in evaluating soft tissue and mucosal involvement. Key radiologic signs such as bone destruction, sinus wall thickening, and ‘black turbinate sign’ aid in early diagnosis, especially in invasive cases. Early imaging signs can be subtle. Early detection is necessary, particularly in immunocompromised patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis, where rapid intervention is critical.

Summary
Pattern recognition and adequate interpretation of fungal sinusitis are possible using CT and MRI. Imaging can also help identify complications, aiding with reliable diagnosis and prompt intervention.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Encephalitis and “Starry Sky” Pattern on MRI
Authors: Mikhaiel John P. , Parasram Melvin , Park Jaehan , Cappucci Stefanie , McGuone Declan , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N. , Gilmore Emily J. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii (R. rickettsii). RMSF presents after a tick bite with fever, rash, and headache but can also cause more serious neurological manifestations. We report a case of RMSF encephalitis presenting with altered sensorium and rapid progression to coma, fever, and petechial rash, and an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain notable for a “starry sky” pattern.

Case Report:
A 61-year-old woman presented with confusion and fever and was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Two days later, she became comatose. MRI brain revealed lacunar infarcts in the right centrum semiovale and splenium of the corpus callosum. Lumbar puncture was notable for neutrophilic pleocytosis and elevated protein with negative bacterial and viral cultures. Empiric meningitis therapy was initiated, and she was transferred to our institution. On transfer, she was febrile, comatose, and had a diffuse petechial rash. Repeat MRI brain demonstrated diffuse, innumerable punctate foci of diffusion restriction with susceptibility-weighted signal attenuation throughout cerebral hemispheres in a “starry sky” pattern. Skin biopsy revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Serologic RSMF antibody titers were obtained, and doxycycline was initiated for presumed RMSF encephalitis. The family opted to pursue palliative measures, given no clinical improvement. RSMF titers and postmortem PCR from brain tissue were positive for R. rickettsii.

Conclusions:
This case report highlights the clinical presentation of RMSF encephalitis. RMSF encephalitis should be suspected in a patient presenting with encephalopathy, fever, petechial rash, and MRI brain findings of diffuse punctate foci of diffusion restriction and susceptibility-weighted signal attenuation in a “starry-sky” pattern.