bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Smoking Effects on Chronic Rhinosinusitis after Smoking Cessation
Authors: Phillips Katie M. , Hoehle Lloyd , Bergmark Regan W. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo understand whether the impact of smoking on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is reversible after smoking cessation.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingAcademic tertiary care rhinology clinic.Subjects and MethodsA total of 103 former‐smoker CRS patients and 103 nonsmoker CRS patients were prospectively recruited. The primary outcome measure was sinonasal symptom severity measured with the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22), and secondary outcome measures were general health‐related quality of life (QOL) measured with the 5‐dimensional EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ‐5D VAS) and patient‐reported CRS‐related antibiotic and oral corticosteroid usage in the past year. Outcome measures were compared between cohorts and checked for association with time since cessation of smoking for former smokers.ResultsCompared with nonsmokers, former smokers had worse SNOT‐22 score (P =. 019) and EQ‐5D VAS score (P =. 001) and reported using more CRS‐related antibiotics (P =. 003) and oral corticosteroids in the past year (P =. 013). In former smokers, every year was associated with a statistically significant improvement in SNOT‐22 score (β = −0.48; 95% CI, −0.91 to −0.05; P =. 032), EQ‐5D VAS score (β = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.02‐0.91; P =. 046), and CRS‐related oral corticosteroid use (relative risk = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91‐0.98; P =. 001). Given the differences in our study outcome measures between former smokers and nonsmokers, we estimate that the reversible impacts of smoking on CRS may resolve after 10 to 20 years.ConclusionsCRS patients who are former smokers have worse sinonasal symptomatology, QOL, and CRS‐related medication usage than nonsmokers. Every year since cessation of smoking is associated improvements in sinonasal symptomatology, QOL, and CRS‐related oral corticosteroid use, potentially reaching nonsmoker levels after 10 to 20 years.
Absence of Measles Virus Detection from Stapes of Patients with Otosclerosis
Authors: Flores‐García María de Lourdes , Colín‐Castro Claudia Adriana , Hernández‐Palestina Mario Sabas , Sánchez‐Larios Roberto , Franco‐Cendejas Rafael 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo determine molecularly the presence of measles virus genetic material in the stapes of patients with otosclerosis.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingA tertiary referral hospital.Subjects and MethodsGenetic material was extracted from the stapes of patients with otosclerosis (n = 93) during the period from March 2011 to April 2012. The presence of viral measles sequences was evaluated by the real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The expression of the CD46 gene was determined.ResultsNinety‐three patients were included in the study. No sample was positive for any of 3 measles virus genes (H, N, and F). Measles virus RNA was not detected in any sample by real‐time RT‐PCR. CD46 levels were positive in 3.3% (n = 3) and negative in 96.7% (n = 90).ConclusionThis study does not support the theory of measles virus as the cause of otosclerosis. It is necessary to do more research about other causal theories to clarify its etiology and prevention.
Minor Salivary Gland Carcinoma of the Oropharynx: A Population‐Based Analysis of 1426 Patients
Authors: Goel Alexander N. , Badran Karam W. , Braun Adam P. G. , Garrett Alexander M. , Long Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveWe sought to describe the patient, tumor, and survival characteristics of minor salivary gland carcinoma (MSGC) of the oropharynx using a large, population‐based database.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of the National Cancer Institute’s SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology. and End Results).Subjects and MethodsWe reviewed the SEER database for all cases of MSGC of the oropharynx from 1988 to 2013. Relevant demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival variables were extracted and analyzed. Cox multivariate regression was performed to identify prognostic factors.ResultsWe identified 1426 cases of MSGC of the oropharynx (mean age, 58 years; 51% female). The soft palate (39.2%) and base of tongue (38.6%) were the most commonly involved sites. The most common histologic subtypes were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (32.1%), adenocarcinoma (25.9%), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (23.3%). Five‐ and 10‐year rates of disease‐specific survival were 75.1% and 61.6%, respectively. Independent prognostic factors included tumor grade, T stage, N stage, and age >70 years.ConclusionsThis study represents the largest multivariate survival analysis of MSGC of the oropharynx to date. Independent prognosticators include tumor grade, T stage, N stage, and age.
Clinical, imaging and electroencephalographic characterization of three cases of HaNDL syndrome
Authors: Quintas Sonia , López Ruiz Rocío , Trillo Santiago , Gago-Veiga Ana Beatriz , Zapata-Wainberg Gustavo , Dotor García-Soto Julio , Ximénez-Carrillo Álvaro , Vivancos Jose 
Published: October 2017

Introduction The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) may mimic stroke when patients present with acute/subacute focal neurological deficits. It would be helpful to identify investigations that assist the neurologist in differentiating between HaNDL and stroke. Case reports We describe three cases that proved to be HaNDL, but were initially considered to be strokes. Hypoperfusion was noted in the CT perfusion (CTP) studies in all three cases, which extended beyond any single cerebral arterial supply. The CTP findings suggested a stroke mimic, and there was no improvement on thrombolysis. MRI failed to show any abnormalities in diffusion and EEGs showed non-epileptiform changes. Lumbar punctures demonstrated a lymphocytic pleocytosis. Conclusion The diagnosis of HaNDL is based on clinical and CSF criteria, but neuroimaging, including CT perfusion, can be helpful in differentiating the clinical syndrome from stroke.
Rich Food Biodiversity Amid Low Consumption of Food Items in Kilosa District, Tanzania
Authors: Ntwenya Julius E. , Kinabo Joyce , Msuya John , Mamiro Peter , Mamiro Delphina , Njoghomi Elifuraha , Liwei Philip , Huang Megan 
Published: October 2017

Background: Indigenous foods, which contribute largely to the majority of the households' food basket in rural Tanzanian communities, have not been fully characterized or documented. Objectives: The study aimed to document foods available and consumed in Kilosa District, Tanzania, in an attempt to promote, revive use, and build evidence for sustainable utilization of the rich local biodiversity. Methods: Data were collected from 307 households in 3 agroecological zones in Kilosa District during the beginning of the rainy season (February-May) and immediately after harvest (September-October). A list of food items was generated, and 24-hour recall was performed. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a student t test statistic was used to compare the means of the Food Biodiversity Score between the agricultural seasons. Results: A total of 183 edible food items were reported by households with more reported in the rainy season (n = 82) compared to harvest season (n = 64). The mean number of food items consumed per day during the rainy season was 4.7 (95% CI: 4.5-5.0) compared to 5.9 (95% CI: 5.7-6.1) during harvest season. About 50% of the households mentioned that wild edible foods were less accepted by household members. Conclusion: Despite the rich local food biodiversity, households relied on few food items which may be due to limited awareness and knowledge about the biodiversity of foods in the community. It is important to educate communities on the rich and affordable food base available locally to improve their food diversity, income, and nutritional status.
Biomechanical Comparison of Intramedullary Fibular Nail Versus Plate and Screw Fixation
Authors: Smith George , Mackenzie Samuel Peter , Wallace Robert James , Carter Tom , White Timothy Oliver 
Published: October 2017

Background: Clinical evidence has shown that percutaneous ankle fracture fixation using an intramedullary fibular nail results in good outcomes at 1 year and reduces postoperative wound complications in patients with vulnerable soft tissues. Confirmatory biomechanical evidence of its strength when used to secure a supination external rotation (SER) IV (AO/OTA 44B-type) fracture, compared with traditional plates and screws, is currently lacking. Methods: Twenty cadaveric lower limbs (10 cadavers) had a SER IV injury surgically created. One leg was randomly allocated to fixation with a fibular nail and the other a lag screw and neutralization plate. A mechanical testing apparatus subjected all lower limbs to an axially loaded supination external rotation force to failure. Results: Superior ultimate torque to failure was demonstrated with a trend toward increased energy absorption in the nail group ( P = .28 and .07, respectively). No difference was demonstrated in angle at failure. All specimens in the plate group lost reduction at the bone-metal interface as a result of screw pullout. In contrast, all specimens in the nail group failed because of disruption of the lateral ligaments. Conclusions: This study demonstrated greater torque to failure and better maintenance of the fibular construct for the intramedullary fibular nail compared to standard plating. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest that the previously documented clinical benefits of the fibular nail are complemented by biomechanical properties that compare favorably to standard techniques.
Epidemiological study of feline idiopathic cystitis in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Kim Younjung , Kim Hyungjoon , Pfeiffer Dirk , Brodbelt Dave 
Published: October 2017

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for the diagnosis of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) in cats living in a primarily indoor environment. Methods A case-control study focusing on a cohort of cats attending a first-opinion veterinary practice in Seoul, South Korea, from 2012–2016, was undertaken. Data were collected from cats’ owners by questionnaire and analysed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Fifty-eight cases of FIC and 281 randomly selected controls were surveyed. Over 90% of the cases and controls had no access to the outside, and 100% and 91% of the cases and controls, respectively, were neutered. The estimated prevalence of an FIC diagnosis was 1.77% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–2.18). The final logistic regression model included five variables associated with an FIC diagnosis. Males had 2.34 times the odds of being diagnosed with FIC compared with females (95% CI 1.18–4.62; P = 0.015). Cats reported as not having vantage points had 4.64 times the odds of an FIC diagnosis compared with those reported as having vantage points (95% CI 2.05–10.49; P <0.001). Cats living in an apartment had 2.53 times the odds of an FIC diagnosis compared with those living in a house (95% CI 1.30–4.93; P = 0.006). Cats cohabiting with other cats were more likely to be diagnosed with FIC than those living alone (odds ratio 3.16, 95% CI 1.61–6.22; P = 0.001). Cats using non-clumping litter had 2.62 times the odds of an FIC diagnosis compared with those using clumping litter (95% CI 1.38–4.96; P = 0.003). Conclusions and relevance This study was conducted in a different epidemiological context from previous studies in that the overwhelming majority of the cats studied were housed entirely indoors. This study identified several significant associations related to a cat’s indoor environment. These findings suggest that the cat’s physical and social environment may play a role in the development of FIC.
Hydrogen sulfide ameliorated L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease by the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway
Authors: Jin Sheng , Teng Xu , Xiao Lin , Xue Hongmei , Guo Qi , Duan Xiaocui , Chen Yuhong , Wu Yuming 
Published: October 2017

Reductions in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, no studies have examined the functional role of hydrogen sulfide in hypertensive heart disease. We hypothesized that the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide would be reduced and exogenous hydrogen sulfide would ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in Nω-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester ( L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Therefore, this study investigated the cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide on L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease and explored potential mechanisms. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, Control + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), L-NAME, L-NAME + NaHS, and L-NAME + NaHS + glibenclamide (Gli) groups. Systolic blood pressure was monitored each week. In Langendorff-isolated rat heart, cardiac function represented by ±LV dP/dtmax and left ventricular developing pressure was recorded after five weeks of treatment. Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining and myocardium ultrastructure under transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate cardiac remodeling. The plasma nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations, as well as nitric oxide synthases and cystathionine-γ-lyase activity in left ventricle tissue were determined. The protein expression of p-Akt, Akt, p-eNOS, and eNOS in left ventricle tissue was analyzed using Western blot. After five weeks of L-NAME treatment, there was a time-dependent hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction accompanied by a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation, nitric oxide synthase activity, and nitric oxide concentration. Meanwhile, cystathionine-γ-lyase activity and hydrogen sulfide concentration were also decreased. NaHS treatment significantly increased plasma hydrogen sulfide concentration and subsequently promoted the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway which inhibited the development of hypertension and attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The cardioprotective effects of NaHS were counteracted by Gli which inhibited the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. This suggests that the effects of hydrogen sulfide were mediated by the activation of the KATP channels. In conclusion, hydrogen sulfide ameliorated L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease via the activation of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway, which was mediated by KATP channels. Impact statement 1. We found that H2S ameliorated L-NAME-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and played a protective role in L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease, which the existing studies have not reported. 2. H2S activated the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway, thereby playing a cardioprotective role in L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease. 3. The cardioprotective effect of H2S was mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Serial Follow-Up Evaluation With Computed Tomography After Conservative Medical Treatment in Patients With Symptomatic Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection
Authors: Ichiba Toshihisa , Hara Masahiko , Yunoki Keiji , Urashima Masaki , Naitou Hiroshi 
Published: October 2017

Objective: There is no detailed information available about trend in the morphological change after conservative medical treatment in patients with symptomatic spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD). Methods: We enrolled 27 consecutive patients with symptomatic SISMAD who underwent conservative medical treatment between 2006 and 2015. The long-term prognosis, natural history, and serial follow-up computed tomography (CT) findings of risk factors of rupture such as arterial diameter and false lumen enhancement were retrospectively assessed. Results: Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection usually developed in middle-aged men around 50 years old who had a history of smoking. Follow-up CT was performed at 1 to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, and after 12 months. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) maximum diameter was 10.3 mm (quartile 9.5-11.3) on initial CT and expanded in 47.1% patients during 1- to 6-month follow-up, which decreased over time ( P < .001 at 7- to 12-month follow-up, P = .001 after 12-month follow-up). On the other hand, false lumen enhancements were revealed in 9 (33.3%) patients on initial CT. The size of false lumen enhancement was expanded in the longest diameter in 35.3% patients and in shortest diameter in 29.4% during 1- to 6-month follow-up. However, the size of false lumen decreased in all patients after 12-month follow-up. All patients were alive without arterial aneurysm rupture and hospital readmission during the median of 523 days (170-799) study period. Conclusion: We demonstrated that both SMA maximum diameter and false lumen enhancement were transiently expanded in some patients during 6-month follow-up, but no longer expanded after 12-month follow-up. Patients with symptomatic SISMAD could be treated medically with scheduled careful follow-up CT evaluations.
Concussion beliefs in varsity athletes: Identifying the good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Jorgensen Michael P , O'Hagan Fergal T , Lehmann Hugo 
Published: October 2017

Objective Identify and describe attitudes and intentions towards personal concussion risk and protective behaviours among varsity athletes. Determine subgroups of athletes characterized by problematic intentions towards concussion prevention and management behaviours. Design Cross-sectional survey. Main outcome measures Varsity athletes ( N = 175; 60% male; 55.4% contact athletes; 56.6% history of concussion) completed a survey examining attitudes and intentions towards personal risk and concussion-management behaviours. Cluster and discriminant analyses were used to identify athlete risk response subgroups on intention items. The clusters were examined for differences in attitudes towards concussion prevention behaviours, demographics and concussion exposure. Results A substantially problematic subgroup of athletes (28% of the sample) reported low intent to engage in post concussion management practices or primary prevention behaviours. These individuals reported high concussion-risk acceptance and very low belief in the efficacy of concussion-management behaviours. They were also more likely to have sustained a concussion. Two other clusters demonstrated more acceptable behavioural intentions towards concussion prevention and management, with one holding model attitudes and intentions. Conclusions Varsity athletes exhibit one of three different patterns of intentions and attitudes towards concussion prevention and management behaviours. Athletes in one of these groups are at much greater risk of concussion injury and poorly follow recommended treatments. Intervention programmes need to target and aim to change these problematic intentions and attitudes to improve the effectiveness of concussion prevention and injury management.
Five-year results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Pro Barbara , Advani Ranjana , Brice Pauline , Bartlett Nancy L. , Rosenblatt Joseph D. , Illidge Tim , Matous Jeffrey , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Fanale Michelle , Connors Joseph M. , Fenton Keenan , Huebner Dirk , Pinelli Juan M. , Kennedy Dana A. , Shustov Andrei 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
Patients with R/R ALCL who achieved CR with brentuximab vedotin had 79% OS and 57% PFS at 5 years, with median response duration not reached. An estimated 91% of patients who experienced peripheral neuropathy with brentuximab vedotin reported resolution or improvement of symptoms.
In vitroandin vivofunctional residual capacity comparisons between multiple-breath nitrogen washout devices
Authors: Tonga Katrina O. , Robinson Paul D. , Farah Claude S. , King Greg G. , Thamrin Cindy 
Published: October 2017

Functional residual capacity (FRC) accuracy is essential for deriving multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) indices, and is the basis for device validation. Few studies have compared existing MBNW devices. We evaluatedin vitroandin vivoFRC using two commercial MBNW devices, the Exhalyzer D (EM) and the EasyOne Pro LAB (ndd), and an in-house device (Woolcock in-house device, WIMR).FRC measurements were performed using a novel syringe-based lung model and in adults (20 healthy and nine with asthma), followed by plethysmography (FRCpleth). The data were analysed using device-specific software. Following the results seen with ndd, we also compared its standard clinical software (ndd v.2.00) with a recent upgrade (ndd v.2.01).WIMR and EM fulfilled formalin vitroFRC validation recommendations (>95% of FRC within 5% of known volume). Ndd v.2.00 underestimatedin vitroFRC by >20%. Reanalysis using ndd v.2.01 reduced this to 11%, with 36% of measurements ≤5%.In vivodifferences from FRCpleth(mean±sd) were 4.4±13.1%, 3.3±11.8%, −20.6±11% (p<0.0001) and −10.5±10.9% (p=0.005) using WIMR, EM, ndd v.2.00 and ndd v.2.01, respectively.Direct device comparison highlighted important differences in measurement accuracy. FRC discrepancies between devices were largerin vivo, compared toin vitroresults; however, the pattern of difference was similar. These results represent progress in ongoing standardisation efforts.
The Faces of Power
Authors: Deseure Brecht 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhen introducing Napoleonic rule in Belgium, French administrators were careful to adapt the representation of state power to local traditions and historical culture. As Napoléon's rule was presented as the continuation of earlier dynasties, Old Regime ceremonial was reactivated in his honor and local history was rewritten around his person. The goal of this operation was to gain support for the regime among the local population, which annexation and six years of revolutionary rule under the Directory had left distrustful of French authority. Different levels of government (mayors, prefects, ministers) joined efforts to bridge the gap by linking the new regime with local identities through the mobilization of the local past, resulting in a political representation wholly different from the one in the French heartland. The regime thus proved much more willing to consider local identities and traditions than has hitherto been assumed.Lors de l'introduction du régime napoléonien en Belgique, les administrateurs français ont pris soin d'adapter la représentation du pouvoir de l'Etat aux traditions et cultures historiques locales. Le règne de Napoléon a été présenté comme la continuation des dynasties antérieures, réactivant des cérémonies de l'Ancien Régime en son honneur et réécrivant l'histoire locale autour de sa personnalité. Le but de cette opération était d'obtenir le soutien de la population locale, méfiante vis-à-vis des autorités françaises après six années de régime révolutionnaire sous le Directoire. Différents niveaux de gouvernement (maires, préfets, ministres) ont donc uni leurs efforts pour combler le fossé entre administrateurs et administrés en reliant le nouveau régime avec les identités locales. Grâce à la mobilisation du passé local, il en résulta une représentation politique totalement différente de celle utilisée dans la vieille France. Ainsi, le régime napoléonien s'avère avoir été beaucoup plus disposé à tenir compte des identités et des traditions locales que ce qui a longtemps été supposé.