bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Microbiome-Selection to Engineer Microbiomes That Confer Salt-Tolerance to Plants
Authors: Mueller Ulrich G , Juenger Thomas E , Kardish Melissa R , Carlson Alexis L , Burns Kathleen , Edwards Joseph A , Smith Chad C , Fang Chi-Chun , Des Marais David L 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe develop a method to artificially select for rhizosphere microbiomes that confer salt-tolerance to the model grassBrachypodium distachyon. We differentially propagate microbiomes within the background of a non-evolving, highly-inbred plant population, and therefore only microbiomes evolve in our experiment, but not the plants. To optimize methods, we conceptualize artificial microbiome-selection as a special case ofindirect selection: We do not measure microbiome properties directly, but we use host performance (e.g., biomass; seed set) as an indicator to infer association with rhizosphere microbiomes that confer salt-tolerance to a plant. We previously called this indirect-selection schemehost-mediated indirect selection on microbiomes(Mueller & Sachs 2015). Our methods aim to maximize evolutionary changes due to differential microbiome-propagation, while minimizing some (but not all) ecological processes affecting microbiome composition. Specifically, our methods aim to maximize microbiome perpetuation between selection-cycles and maximize response to artificial microbiome-selection by (a) controlling microbiome assembly when inoculating seeds at the beginning of each selection cycle; (b) using low-carbon soil to enhance host-control mediated by carbon secretions of plants during initial microbiome assembly and subsequent microbiome persistence; (c) fractionating microbiomes before transfer between plants to perpetuate and select only on bacterial and viral (but not fungal) microbiome components; and (d) ramping of salt-stress between selection-cycles to minimize the chance of over-stressing plants. Our selection protocol generates microbiomes that enhance plant fitness after only 1-3 rounds of artificial selection on rhizosphere microbiomes. Relative to fallow-soil control treatments, artificially-selected microbiomes increase plant fitness by 75% under sodium-sulfate stress, and by 38% under aluminum-sulfate stress. Relative to null control treatments, artificially-selected microbiomes increase plant fitness by 13% under sodium-sulfate stress, and by 12% under aluminum-sulfate stress. When testing microbiomes after nine rounds of differential microbiome propagation, the effect of bacterial microbiomes selected to confer tolerance to sodium-sulfate stress appears specific (these microbiomes do not confer tolerance to aluminum-sulfate stress), but the effect of microbiomes selected to confer tolerance to aluminum-sulfate stress appears non-specific (selected microbiomes ameliorate both sodium- and aluminum-sulfate stresses). Complementary metagenomic analyses of the artificially selected microbiomes will help elucidate metabolic properties of microbiomes that confer specific versus non-specific salt-tolerance to plants.
The effect of acquisition resolution on orientation decoding from V1 BOLD fMRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Sengupta Ayan , Yakupov Renat , Speck Oliver , Pollmann Stefan , Hanke Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA decade after it was shown that the orientation of visual grating stimuli can be decoded from human visual cortex activity by means of multivariate pattern classification of BOLD fMRI data, numerous studies have investigated which aspects of neuronal activity are reflected in BOLD response patterns and are accessible for decoding. However, it remains inconclusive what the effect of acquisition resolution on BOLD fMRI decoding analyses is. The present study is the first to provide empirical ultra high-field fMRI data recorded at four spatial resolutions (0.8 mm, 1.4 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm isotropic voxel size) on this topic — in order to test hypotheses on the strength and spatial scale of orientation discriminating signals. We present detailed analysis, in line with predictions from previous simulation studies, about how the performance of orientation decoding varies with different acquisition resolutions. Moreover, we also examine different spatial filtering procedures and its effects on orientation decoding. Here we show that higher-resolution scans with subsequent down-sampling or low-pass filtering yield no benefit over scans natively recorded in the corresponding lower resolution regarding decoding accuracy. The orientation-related signal in the BOLD fMRI data is spatially broadband in nature, includes both high spatial frequency components, as well as large-scale biases previously proposed in the literature. Moreover, we found above chance-level contribution from large draining veins to orientation decoding. Acquired raw data were publicly released to facilitate further investigation.
Task-induced neural covariability as a signature of approximate Bayesian learning and inference
Authors: Lange Richard D. , Haefner Ralf M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPerception can be characterized as an inference process in which beliefs are formed about the world given sensory observations. The sensory neurons implementing these computations, however, are classically characterized with firing rates, tuning curves, and correlated noise. To connect these two levels of description, we derive expressions for how inferences themselves vary across trials, and how this predicts task-dependent patterns of correlated variability in the responses of sensory neurons. Importantly, our results require minimal assumptions about the nature of the inferred variables or how their distributions are encoded in neural activity. We show that our predictions are in agreement with existing measurements across a range of tasks and brain areas. Our results reinterpret task-dependent sources of neural covariability as signatures of Bayesian inference and provide new insights into their cause and their function.HighlightsGeneral connection between neural covariability and approximate Bayesian inference based on variability in the encoded posterior density.Optimal learning of a discrimination task predicts top-down components of noise correlations and choice probabilities in agreement with existing data.Differential correlations are predicted to grow over the course of perceptual learning.Neural covariability can be used to ‘reverse-engineer’ the subject’s internal model.
Strategy implementation efficiency on the process level
Authors: Gębczyńska Alicja 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify the extent to which corporate strategy is reflected in lower managerial levels, and problem addressed by the author has been analysed with reference to a functional as well as a process-oriented system.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is empirical in nature, as it refers to results of a survey conducted in 30 Polish enterprises. The author’s attention has been focussed on identification and analysis of the actions comprising implementation of a strategy on different levels of management, with particular consideration of the process level.FindingsBased on the measurements undertaken by the author, it was established which methods were most frequently applied for the sake of strategy implementation, the existing barriers were highlighted and the correctness of the strategy deployment on the strategic, the tactical and the operating level was assessed. It was also assessed to what extent the strategy becomes reflected on the level of key processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe results obtained are, in the first instance, legitimate with regard to large and medium-size organisations, and second, to businesses which have matured in the scope of strategic management and process management.Practical implicationsThe practical aspects addressed by the author are linked with identification of the most problematic obstacles encountered in strategy implementation as well as the solutions proposed for their elimination.Originality/valueThe paper provides an innovative solution for studying the degree of successful strategy implementation in a functional as well as a process-oriented system. The research results presented in the paper are up-to-date and reflect the latest trends observed in the enterprises examined.
Fuzzy model on selecting processes in Business Process Reengineering
Authors: Hakim Amin , Gheitasi Majid , Soltani Farzad 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to assist enterprise decision makers (DMs) to select from a number of processes during Business Process Reengineering (BPR) according to organizational objectives. Indeed, after the identification and classification of process and illustration of the organizational objectives and criteria, the effect of each process on each objective and criterion is calculated to select the most appropriate processes for reengineering purposes.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed methodology uses fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) technique to convert the qualitative data (DM’s opinion) to quantitative ones and then calculates the effects of each process on the organizational objectives and criteria. Then, by using the result of fuzzy QFD, the amount of satisfaction of each process according to each criterion is calculated. By combining this data with other effective variables in BPR projects such as “cost” and “time,” a multi-objective goal programming (GP) model is formulated and solved to identify the most appropriate business processes.

Findings
In fact, a quantitative model is presented in which fuzzy QFD and GP methods are combined to help DMs to adopt an appropriate strategy for implementing BPR projects successfully by selecting proper processes for reengineering purposes. In addition, the presented model uses both qualitative and quantitative data and turns them into quantitative ones. An example is also provided to show how the model works.

Research limitations/implications
Following this investigation, other researchers could able to complete the model with more dynamic and local variables to enhance the accuracy of the model.

Practical implications
The introduced model will support organizations and managers to select appropriate processes for BPR; so in practice, the mentioned projects will be more efficient and successful.

Originality/value
The paper study is essential for organizations, because the presented decision-making model is based on fuzzy QFD and GP methods that enable the enterprises to select the business processes during the BPR projects easily. In this paper, a GP model is presented to create a balance between organizational satisfaction level and cost and time of implementing BPR projects considering organizational constraints. The proposed model was applied to a real case and the authors showed that it is an easy-to-use, valid, and powerful tool for implementing BPR projects.
Economic deals in the construction industry
Authors: Havenvid Malena Ingemansson , Håkansson Håkan , Linné Åse 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between social-material interaction and the monetary aspects of business relationships in the construction industry. The authors term the formal financial agreements necessary for such activities “deals”, and this paper seeks to open a research avenue to further investigate the multifaceted interaction processes among business actors. The construction industry is a suitable empirical setting for this purpose; its project-based character and societal position of linking business with the construction of essential community infrastructure imply that different types of money-handling activities need to be managed continuously with both short-term and long-term effects taken into account.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the deals, i.e., the interface between socio-material interaction and the money-handling processes in the construction industry, as well as studying the potential interrelatedness of deals, the authors performed a case study involving three interrelated housing projects in Uppsala, Sweden.FindingsThe study shows that deals do not only have an intricate relationship to the social-material interaction processes among construction actors, but they also become interrelated in specific ways to form “deal structures” as actors engage in different business relationships over time. This means, for instance, that a single deal can enable several other deals, and involved actors have different abilities in performing deals. Hence, most deals are part of a “broader” interaction pattern of social and material resources spanning the organizational borders of individual companies.Originality/valueWithin the industrial marketing and purchasing, the socio-material interaction among actors has been well studied, but less attention has been paid to the monetary dimension and its relationship to the socio-material interaction processes. In particular, this study provides an understanding of monetary agreements in the construction industry.
Market investments in resource interfaces: understanding market assets in networks
Authors: Prenkert Frans 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an account of who forms what market assets by making what market investments in a business network.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate what market investments were made by certain actors into resource interfaces as market assets, the author draws on a case network based on an investigation of the Chilean salmon production network. To this end, the author chose the fish – being the focal object resource in that network – as a point of departure. The author systematically investigates the resource interfaces that this resource has with three other specific resources: feed, fishmeal, and vaccines in a thick case study.FindingsThis study shows that market investments entail committing resources to resource interfaces which turns them into market assets. Resource interfaces as market assets have implications on how we characterize and value resource interfaces. Multilateral resource interfaces become valuable to firms as a result of continuous market investments made into them. This produces different types of resource interfaces, some of which are of mediatory character bridging between distant resources in a network.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the market investments being made to create and sustain market assets. Of course such assets are linked to a firm’s internal assets which this study do not investigate. In addition, this study emphasizes the commitment of resources into existing resource interfaces, the ensuing creation of market assets, and its use and value for firms and downplays a firm’s need to account for market investments and the market investments required to create a new resource interface.Practical implicationsAs resource interfaces are valuable market assets, it is important to understand the functioning of different types of resource interfaces so as to exploit their potential as efficient as possible. This paper shows that some resources act as bridging resources connecting the borders of two indirectly related resources. Controlling bridging resources becomes an essential task for managers in business networks.Social implicationsUnderstanding the market investments into resource interfaces enables firms to become more skilled in organizing and controlling networks. These networks can play important roles in the economic development of society and create improved societal conditions for people, organizations, and economies.Originality/valueBy combining a market investment and market asset conceptualization of investments in networks with a resource interaction approach, this paper provides an enhanced understanding of resource interfaces as market assets. Theoretical implications for our understanding of resource interfaces – its value and character – are discussed.
Robust mobile robot localization based on a security laser: an industry case study
Authors: Sobreira Heber , Moreira A. Paulo , Costa Paulo , Lima José 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to address a mobile robot localization system that avoids using a dedicated laser scanner, making it possible to reduce implementation costs and the robot’s size. The system has enough precision and robustness to meet the requirements of industrial environments.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an algorithm for artificial beacon detection combined with a Kalman Filter and an outlier rejection method, it was possible to enhance the precision and robustness of the overall localization system.

Findings
Usually, industrial automatic guide vehicles feature two kinds of lasers: one for navigation placed on top of the robot and another for obstacle detection (security lasers). Recently, security lasers extended their output data with obstacle distance (contours) and reflectivity. These new features made it possible to develop a novel localization system based on a security laser.

Research limitations/implications
Once the proposed methodology is completely validated, in the future, a scheme for global localization and failure detection should be addressed.

Practical implications
This paper presents a comparison between the presented approach and a commercial localization system for industry. The proposed algorithms were tested in an industrial application under realistic working conditions.

Social implications
The presented methodology represents a gain in the effective cost of the mobile robot platform, as it discards the need for a dedicated laser for localization purposes.

Originality/value
This paper presents a novel approach that benefits from the presence of a security laser on mobile robots (mandatory sensor when considering industrial applications), using it simultaneously with other sensors, not only to guarantee safety conditions during operation but also to locate the robot in the environment. This paper is also valuable because of the comparison made with a commercialized system, as well as the tests conducted in real industrial environments, which prove that the approach presented is suitable for working under these demanding conditions.
Working with suicide risk in offenders: a review of training at HMP Grendon
Authors: Hatton Victoria , Akerman Geraldine 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Rates of suicide in custodial settings continued to rise in the year 2013/2014. Consequently, the Division of Forensic Psychology funded training on “working with risk of suicide” which was delivered by Dr Slade at HMP Grendon. Due to the increasing prevalence of suicide in custodial settings, a review of this training was considered important to enhance professionals’ awareness of self-harm and suicide. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The review begins with an introduction to the concepts of self-harm and suicide, and an introduction to where the training was held; HMP Grendon, a therapeutic community prison. The four key topics delivered by Dr Slade are then explored with regards to their aims and content. These topics include; the link between self-harm and suicide, why offenders harm themselves, assessment of suicide and finally, care planning. Residents of HMP Grendon also discussed their views of self-harm and suicide during the training day, these are thus explored within this review. Strength and weaknesses of the training were also explored, in addition to future practice considerations.

Findings
This review highlights the comprehensiveness of the training and its ability to engage the audience through discussions and activities. The collaboration between professionals and HMP Grendon residents to understand self-harm and suicide was also particularly noted.

Originality/value
This paper offers insight into the staff-resident collaboration at HMP Grendon and how training on self-harm and suicide can be delivered.
To make us truly human: humanities education and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Roach Caitlin Paige , Slater Daniel Joseph 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to determine whether CEOs with a humanities education (e.g. English/literature, philosophy, history, languages, religion, visual arts, or performing arts) exhibit higher levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within their firms than those who have studied other disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an empirical examination of S&P 500 CEOs’ undergraduate education and their firms’ level of CSR as measured by Kinder, Lydenberg & Domini (KLD).FindingsCEO undergraduate humanities education is associated with higher levels of CSR even after accounting for several firm- and individual level controls. In addition, the CSR dimensions of community and diversity were found to be key drivers of the association.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited in understanding the micro-processes of the CEOs affected by a humanities education, as it relates to CSR. However, the results imply a values-based connection that is supported by the upper echelons theory.Practical implicationsCSR-minded firms may seek out humanities-educated executives. In addition, the results would suggest a need for humanities education despite the recent waning interest.Originality/valueFirst, the findings of Manner (2010) will be confirmed using a different sample. Second, the humanities education and CSR relationship will be explored using a composite measure of CSR as opposed to analyzing its strengths and weaknesses separately (Manner, 2010), thus representing a holistic evaluation of the relationship. Third, previous research will be extended by examining the specific CSR dimensions (e.g. customers, employees) that are affected by a humanities education.