Abstract 4191: Alterations in endothelin axis during pancreatic acinar to ductal metaplasia
Authors: Gupta Suprit , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Kumar Sushil , Mallya Kavita , Batra Surinder Kumar , Jain Maneesh 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background: Acinar-ductal-metaplasia (ADM) is one the earliest recognizable alterations in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Inflammation-induced ADM, which is typically reversible upon removal of inflammatory insult, becomes irreversible in the presence of oncogenic K-Ras and progresses to Pancreatic Intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (PanINs) and subsequently PDAC. Endothelin (ET) axis comprising of endothelin isoforms (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) and two receptors A (ETAR) and B (ETBR), has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathobiology of pancreatitis and its components exhibit aberrant overexpression in pancreatic cancer PDAC. However, the expression patterns of ET axis in oncogene-associated early lesions remain unknown. We hypothesize that alterations in ET axis contribute to oncogene associated irreversible ADM. Thus, we studied expression pattern of ET axis in the pancreatic inflammation in the presence and absence of oncogenic KRas and in preneoplastic lesions.
Methods: Expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR was analyzed in murine models of preneoplastic lesions [KC model: (Pdx1-Cre, KrasG12D)) by IHC. To determine the changes in ET axis during ADM, wild type (WT) and KC mutant mice were treated with cerulein to induce pancreatitis and tissues collected at day 0, 2, 7 and 21 days post treatment were analyzed for mRNA and Immunofluorescence analysis. Expression pattern of ET axis components was also determined in the pancreas of KC and WT animals following exposure to cigarette smoke.
Results: A progressive increase in the expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR was observed in the PanIN lesions in KC mice. In mice with WT Kras, cerulein treatment resulted in a notable increase in the expression of ET-1 and ETAR at day 2, while the levels of ETBR increased marginally; however a recovery to basal levels was observed for all three molecules by day 7. In contrast, significant increase (p&lt;0.005) in ET-1, ETAR and ETBR transcripts was observed following cerulein treatment and these levels continued to remain high even at 21 days post-trauma in KC mice. The changes in the expression ETAR and ETBR were corroborated by confocal microscopy. Cerulein treatment resulted in increased expression of ETAR and ETBR in acinar compartment in both WT and KC mice as indicated by their co-localization with amylase. In KC mice, cerulein induced acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and the resulting CK19 positive ductal components continued to express increased levels of both receptors with distinct magnitude and kinetics. Similarly, in the smoking models, ET-axis components exhibited a more robust and sustained overexpression in KC mice as compared to the WT.
Conclusions: The expression of oncogenic KrasG12D results in an enhanced and sustained activation of ET-axis following inflammatory insults in the pancreatic tissues, suggesting its possible role in tumor initiation and progression.
Citation Format: Suprit Gupta, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Sushil Kumar, Kavita Mallya, Surinder Kumar Batra, Maneesh Jain. Alterations in endothelin axis during pancreatic acinar to ductal metaplasia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4191.