bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’évasion fiscale est-elle un trait de personnalité ?
Authors: Jacquemet Nicolas , Luchini Stéphane , Malézieux Antoine , Shogren Jason F. 
Published: June 2017

Malgré un intérêt croissant pour les déterminants non monétaires des comportements fiscaux (« tax morale »), la littérature récente apporte peu d’éléments empiriques sur le lien entre les caractéristiques de personnalité reliées à la moralité et la propension à l’évasion fiscale. Or de telles mesures sont nécessaires pour comprendre les canaux de transmission des dispositifs de lutte contre l’évasion fiscale. Pour pallier cette lacune, le présent article rend compte d’une expérience en laboratoire permettant d’observer à la fois les comportements de déclaration de revenu des participants et des mesures psychologiques issues de la littérature en psychométrie : soumission à la norme, empathie affective et cognitive, et propension à ressentir la honte et la culpabilité. Ces mesures sont combinées à l’aide d’une analyse en composantes principales afin d’en extraire les facteurs indépendants. Nos résultats montrent que la décision de frauder comme son intensité sont fortement liées à l’empathie affective, l’empathie cognitive et la dimension publique de la moralité (mesurée par la soumission à la norme et la propension à la honte). La propension à ressentir la culpabilité, en revanche, est sans effet significatif. Surtout, le pouvoir explicatif global de ces mesures de moralité individuelles est relativement faible. Ce résultat va à l’encontre de l’hypothèse d’une moralité fiscale intrinsèque, et met l’accent sur l’importance du contexte institutionnel pour comprendre les comportements d’évasion.
Feelings of hopelessness in stable HIV-positive patients on antiretrovirals
Authors: Moosa M Y H , Jeenah F Y 
Published: June 2017

Aim. The coping skills and styles individuals utilise to deal with the stress of HIV infection greatly influence the psychological impact of this illness and potential consequent feelings of hopelessness. The aim of this study was to describe levels of hopelessness in a group of stable, non-depressed HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and factors associated with hopelessness.

Method. Thirty randomly selected non-depressed patients (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria) were included in this study. Demographic and other data were obtained from all subjects, who also completed the Beck’s Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The 20 true-false items of the BHS (29) measured three major aspects of hopelessness, which was interpreted on the total scale score as follows: ≤3	minimal, and >3 significant.

Results. The study population comprised 30 patients with a mean age of 37.9 years (standard error (SE) 1.18) ( range 28 - 51 years). The mean BHS score was 4.03 (SE 0.55), with a range from 0 to 12. There were no statistically significant correlations between BHS scores of the study population and gender, marital status, employment status, level of education, years since the diagnosis of HIV, or number of children (p>0.05). Eighteen subjects (60%) scored 3 or less on the BHS, considered minimal levels of hopelessness. However, 12 (40%) scored more than 3, which is considered significant; of these 23% had scores of 7 or more. There was no statistically significant association between BHS scores and gender, employment status, level of education, number of children or number of years since diagnosis (p>0.05). However, patients who were married or living with partners were statistically more likely to score higher on the hopelessness scale compared with those who were single (p
Association between symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis and HIV RNA levels in plasma and genital secretions among women on HAART
Authors: Apalata Teke , Carr William Henry , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin , Sturm Willem Adrian , Moodley Prashini 
Published: June 2017

Background. Genital tract (GT) inflammation plays a major role in HIV transmission. We aimed to determine the association between symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and HIV RNA levels in plasma and GTs of HIV-infected women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method. Women with VVC on HAART were recruited from a primary healthcare clinic in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, between June 2011 and December 2011. VVC was diagnosed clinically, supported by Gram staining and culture of genital secretions. HIV RNA load was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CD4+ counts were obtained from patients’ medical records.Results. Plasma HIV RNA was detected in 42 of 60 (70%) patients on HAART. The mean duration (± standard deviation) on HAART for these patients was 4.2 (±1.6) months v. 10.7 (±1.4) months for the remaining 18 patients (p<0.0001). Of the 42 women with detectable plasma HIV RNA, 12 (28.6%) had detectable genital HIV RNA. Plasma HIV RNA levels ranged from 2.5 (±0.8) to 4.1 (±0.8) log10 copies/ml. Genital HIV RNA levels ranged from 1.4 to 2.5 (±1.1) log10 copies/ml. The adjusted odds ratios of plasma HIV RNA levels increased for patients <35 years (p=0.039) and in those with VVC (p=0.008). Detectability of HIV in genital secretions was significantly increased in patients with a plasma HIV load ≥10 000 copies/ml (p=0.032) and genital absolute counts of neutrophils >10 cells/5 high microscopic fields (p=0.007). Conclusion. Given that the majority of women had recently initiated HAART (allowing a high rate of detectable plasma HIV RNA), there was insufficient evidence to conclude that VVC was predictive of high plasma HIV RNA levels. It is more likely that this cohort of immunosuppressed women were prone to develop VVC. Plasma HIV loads and local genital inflammation were predictors of genital HIV detectability.
Reliability and concurrent validity of visual analogue scale and modified verbal rating scale of pain assessment in adult patients with knee osteoathritis in Nigeria
Authors: Olaogun M. O.B , Adedoyin R. A. , Anifaloba R. O. 
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of two pain rating scales - Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). The verbal rating scale was modified by translating the English description of subjective pain experience into vernacular (Yoruba) equivalents and rating the knee pain when the patient was standing with the knee flexed . Twenty seven patients who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) and with knee pain were purposively selected for the study. Two testers (physiotherapists) independently rated the pain experienced by patients, when bearing full weight while standing on the affected leg with slight knee flexion, over a period of several days. For each patient pain was rated with the VAS and the modified VRS (MVRS). There were significant correlations between VAS and MVRS by the same tester (tester 1 and tester2) (r=0.92, p<0.01; r = 0.89, p<0.01respectively,)) and between VAS and MVRS between tester 1 and tester 2 (r=0.91,p<0.01). There were no significant differences between VAS for tester 1 and VAS for tester 2, and between MVRS for tester 1and MVRS for tester 2 (p> 0.01). According to this study, the two pain rating scales for knee OA are reliable. Our use of VAS and MVRS togetherwith the procedure involving the flexed knee posture is, therefore, recommended for wider clinical trials.
Hypotonia in Kwazulu Natal - prevalence and causes
Authors: Dawson P. M. T. , Puckree T. 
Published: June 2017

Benign Congenital Hypotonia (BCH) is a condition whosespecific diagnosis and causes are elusive. Time and intensive diagnostic screening allows for unmasking of a specific diagnosis in some cases. The remaining cases are considered to have a good prognosis with resolution by adolescence. For physiotherapy to facilitate development in the intervening period, knowledge of prevalence and causes of the disorder is para mount. Limited information on prevalence of “BCH” exists in the world and none exists for either KwaZulu Natal or South Africa. This study investigated the prevalence of, and precipitating factors for Hypotonia in KwaZulu Natal. Four hundred children aged 6-7 years, from 16 schools in 8 educational zones participated in the study. The Standardized Motor Test Battery was used to differentiate normal children from those with signs and symptoms of BCH. 101 children tested positive for Hypotonia. Questionnaires to determine potential causes of Hypotonia were administered to these children and an age-matched cohort of 400 normal children. The main predictors of Hypotonia were assisted vaginal delivery and reduced physical activity. We conclude that Hypotonia is a significant, unrecognized disorder amongst our children. Prevention should be the goal of primary health care to reduce the prevalence.
A report on the perseptions of participants of a physiotherapy clinical facilitator workshop
Authors: Frieg A. , Rhoda A. 
Published: June 2017

Clinical education is the cornerstone of the training of health professionals. Many training institutions offer courses in clinical education. Fifteen participants of a 20-hour physiotherapy clinical facilitators workshop formed part of this descriptive study. The aim of the study was to evaluate their perceptions of the workshop and the impact it had on their practice. Data were captured using three separate questionnaires, consisting of closed- and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results indicated that participants regarded the topics presented as important, that their needs had been met and that they enjoyed the workshop immensely. Furthermore, they reported that the content of the workshop had an impact on their practice. Many participants requested follow-up workshops on clinical education. It can be concluded from the above results that a workshop addressing educational aspects is an appropriate method of supporting colleagues involved in physiotherapy clinical training.
Injury profile of employees at a specific beverage manufacturing company: a retrospective study
Authors: Chetty L. , Jelsma J. , Maart S. 
Published: June 2017

This article reports on important information pertaining tothe prevalence of occupational injuries. At present very little data existson the prevalence of occupational injuries in South Africa. A retrospective study was undertaken to detail the occupational injuries sustained by employees at a specific beverage manufacturing company.The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms, type, classification, anatomical site, frequency and time of injuries at this beverage company.The sample consisted of all employees that reported to the occupational health clinic with occupational injuries during the six-month review period i.e. July 2004-December 2004. Results of this review were computed in a self-complied injury data spreadsheet. The data was presented descriptively and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Incorrect lifting of manual materials was reported as the most common mechanism of injury. Repetitive strain injuries were the most common type of injury. The spine/trunk was the site of 48 (66.7% of regions) injuries with the most frequently injured regions being the back (43.1%) and neck (22.2%). Most of the injuries were sustained during the month of December (27.8%). It is recommended that aggressive health promotion and injury prevention strategies be implemented to reduce the burden of occupational injuries at this specific beverage manufacturing company.
Evidence of physiotherapeutic interventions for acute LBP patients
Authors: Louw Q. , Morris L. , Sklaar J. 
Published: June 2017

Objective: To identify the current evidence for acute low back pain (LBP) treatment techniques and to amalgamate this information into a clinically applicable algorithm for South African physiotherapists.Study design: Systematic review.Methods: Computerized bibliographical databases were systematically searched during September 2006 and October 2006 for primary and secondary research reporting on the efficacy of various physiotherapeutic treatment techniques for acute LBP. A search for clinical guidelines regarding acute LBP was also undertaken. Evidence levels were allocated to the primary and secondary research retrieved. Results: Twenty-one systematic reviews, four randomized controlled trials and eleven clinical guidelines were included in this review. There is Level 1 evidence that advice to stay active, McKenzie preferential exercises and spinal manipulative therapy (up to six weeks) is beneficial in the initial treatment of acute LBP. There is level 2 evidence that stability exercises, dry needling, heat wrap with exercises, cognitive behavioural therapy, printed patient education, massage (with education and exercises), and lifestyle modification might be potentially beneficial in the treatment of acute LBP. There is level 1 evidence that bed rest should not be recommended for simple acute LBP. Should a patient not resolve in six weeks, red and yellow flags should be re-assessed, or patient should be referred to a specialist. Outcome: Based on the current evidence, a composite algorithm was developed to assist South African physiotherapists when making treatment decisions for acute LBP. Conclusion: There seems to be a lack of evidence for the efficacy of common treatment techniques used by physiotherapists in the management of acute LBP, indicating an urgent need for physiotherapy-specific, high-quality clinical trials. It is suggested that the evidence-based algorithm that has been developed, be used in the management of acute LBP to standardize physiotherapy intervention in South Africa.
Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and serotonin in response to specific spinal based exercises
Authors: Sokunbi O. , Moore A. , Watt P. 
Published: June 2017

Exercises as the primary mode of treatment for low back disorders aim to achieve pain reduction, improvement in functional abilityand quality of life of for low back disorder sufferers. However the bio-chemical events associated with the use of these exercises in terms of theireffects on pain relieving neuropeptides have not been well established. Thisstudy was carried out to investigate the effects of spinal stabilisation, backextension and treadmill walking exercises on plasma levels of serotonin andbeta-endorphin.Twenty volunteers (10 males and 10 females) without low back pain participated in the study. They were randomly allocated either to one of theexercise groups, where participants carried out one of the spinal stabilisation, back extension and treadmill walkingexercises or the control (no exercise) group. The main outcome measures used in this study were plasma levels of serotonin and beta-endorphin measured with Enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay (ELISA) technique.The results of this study showed that spinal stabilisation and treadmill walking exercises produced significantincrease in plasma serotonin levels (P < 0.05) however there were no significant changes in the plasma levels of beta-endorphin in all the exercise groups (P > 0.05).It could be that biochemical effects associated with stabilisation and treadmill walking exercises therefore mayinvolve production of serotonin and its release into the plasma.
Exercise overcomes muscle weakness following on trauma and critical illness
Authors: Van Aswegen H. , Myezwa H. 
Published: June 2017

Injuries related to trauma are often seen in South Africanintensive care units. Systemic inflammation and the development of sepsislead to prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay. The effects of critical illness and immobility on the human body are not always well-understood. This review article explains the pathogenesis of muscle weak-ness due to inflammation and identifies the role of exercise prescription incounteracting impairments that may be identified in survivors of traumaduring and after hospital stay.
The effect of a knee brace on gait parameters of hypertonic hemiplegic patients
Authors: Modisane M.R. , Stewart A. , Riley M. 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the useof a knee brace on 15 subjects with hypertonic hemiparesis. The middlecerebral artery was involved in all subjects. The Ashworth scale was usedto screen for the presence of spasticity in the quadriceps muscles.Measurements of gait speed, step and stride length were taken in the middle 10 metres of a 15 metre paper walkway. A comparison of these gait parameters without and with the use of a knee brace was made. A ques-tionnaire was also used to evaluate how subjects responded to the use of aknee brace.The results showed that the mean speed for all 15 subjects increased withthe use of a brace, (p = 0.05). Step and stride length without and with the use of a brace showed no statistical differences.It was therefore concluded that the FECK brace appears to have an effect on the walking speed of subjects withhypertonic hemiparesis
Knowledge and affective traits of physiotherapy students to provide care for patients living with AIDS.
Authors: Adetoyeje Oyeyemi Y. , Adewale Oyeyemi L. , Saliu Akinwale G. , Olubamike Aderibigbe I. , Olufunke Alba G. , Olayiwola U. Anjorin 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to assess Nigerian physiotherapy students’ knowledge and their affective traits in caring for patients living with AIDS (PWA).Methods: Nigerian students (N=104) in four training programs were surveyed using a 43-item questionnaire that elicited information on the students’ demographics characteristics, knowledge levels on AIDS transmission, universal precaution and pathophysiology, their feeling of preparedness, comfort, ethical disposition for PWA and their willingness to evaluate and provide care to PWA in different clinical scenarios.Results: Overall the students showed unsatisfactory know ledge of universal precaution and AIDS pathophysiology and did not feel comfortable or prepared to care for PWA. The students did not also show satisfactory ethical disposition and may be unwilling to care for PWA. The students’ knowledge levels on AIDS transmission and willingness were influenced by religious affiliation while feeling of comfort and ethical disposition were influenced by gender and knowing someone living with AIDS. They were more unwilling to provide whirlpool wound care procedures and chest physiotherapy compared to providing gait training, therapeutic exercise and activities of daily living training for PWA.Conclusion: The study identified the need to improve the curriculum on AIDS and recommends clinical clerkship and a methodical and sequential exposure of students to cases during clinical rotations.
Differences in characteristics between people with lower limb amputations who died before 12 weeks and those who survived: Short Report
Authors: Godlwana L. , Stewart A. , Musenge E. 
Published: June 2017

The baseline determinants of survival following a non-traumatic lower limb amputation (LLA) in participants in the Johannesburg metropolitan area are unknown.The aim of the study was to establish the characteristics of participants who had died by three months after LLAA longitudinal pre- test- post test study utilized participant interviews (n=73). Consecutive sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Ethical clearance was obtained. Permission was obtained from the hospitals. Participants gave consent before taking part in the study. A demographic questionnaire, the EQ-5D, the Modified Household Economic and Social Status Index (HESSI) and the Barthel Index (BI) were used, to collect data. Participants were interviewed preoperatively and then followed up three months post-operatively to establish survival/ existence. Twenty-four participants (33%) had died. The preoperative median Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of the EQ-5D was 60 and 70 showing no significant difference in quality of life (QOL) between those who survived and those who died respectively. The preoperative median total BI score was 20 and 19 showing significantly inferior function for the deceased (p=0.01). The deceased were significantly older (p=0.009) used alcohol (p=0.02) and smoked tobacco (p=0.03).Being older, having poorer function, being a smoker and drinking alcohol preoperatively seem to decrease the chance of survival following LLA in Johannesburg.
Disability Services and Carer Program Gaps in Central Australian Indigenous Communities
Authors: Eibeck Craig Ashley 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
My research objective was twofold: to gather valuable information regarding the gaps in disability and carer services provided to Indigenous Australian communities of Central Australia and to evaluate plans for expanding these services to better meet the needs of all disabled persons and their carers in the region before the rollout of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in 2018. A questionnaire was personally administered to each of the ten disability or carer agency managers participating in the study, and the managers' responses analyzed. Gaps were found in the transport of Indigenous Australian people to and from Alice Springs to receive services. Gaps were also found in the provision of services for disability housing, outreach accommodation, residential respite, and carer support, as well as for assessment, treatment, counseling, and case management. These gaps increased for all areas of Central Australia the farther the areas were from Alice Springs.
The effect of entrainment through atmospheric boundary layer growth on observed and modeled surface ozone in the Colorado Front Range
Authors: Kaser L. , Patton E. G. , Pfister G. G. , Weinheimer A. J. , Montzka D. D. , Flocke F. , Thompson A. M. , Stauffer R. M. , Halliday H. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOzone concentrations at the Earth's surface are controlled by meteorological and chemical processes and are a function of advection, entrainment, deposition, and net chemical production/loss. The relative contributions of these processes vary in time and space. Understanding the relative importance of these processes controlling surface ozone concentrations is an essential component for designing effective regulatory strategies. Here we focus on the diurnal cycle of entrainment through atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) growth in the Colorado Front Range. Aircraft soundings and surface observations collected in July/August 2014 during the DISCOVER‐AQ/FRAPPÉ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality/Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment) campaigns and equivalent data simulated by a regional chemical transport model are analyzed. Entrainment through ABL growth is most important in the early morning, fumigating the surface at a rate of ~5 ppbv/h. The fumigation effect weakens near noon and changes sign to become a small dilution effect in the afternoon on the order of −1 ppbv/h. The chemical transport model WRF‐Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting Model with chemistry) underestimates ozone at all altitudes during this study on the order of 10–15 ppbv. The entrainment through ABL growth is overestimated by the model in the order of 0.6–0.8 ppbv/h. This results from differences in boundary layer growth in the morning and ozone concentration jump across the ABL top in the afternoon. This implicates stronger modeled fumigation in the morning and weaker modeled dilution after 11:00 LT.