bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal early-time growth in quantum circuit complexity
Authors: Haque S. Shajidul , Jafari Ghadir , Underwood Bret 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that quantum circuit complexity for the unitary time evolution operator of any time-independent Hamiltonian is bounded by linear growth at early times, independent of any choices of the fundamental gates or cost metric. Deviations from linear early-time growth arise from the commutation algebra of the gates and are manifestly negative for any circuit, decreasing the linear growth rate and leading to a bound on the growth rate of complexity of a circuit at early times. We illustrate this general result by applying it to qubit and harmonic oscillator systems, including the coupled and anharmonic oscillator. By discretizing free and interacting scalar field theories on a lattice, we are also able to extract the early-time behavior and dependence on the lattice spacing of complexity of these field theories in the continuum limit, demonstrating how this approach applies to systems that have been previously difficult to study using existing techniques for quantum circuit complexity.
Bounds on photon scattering
Authors: Häring Kelian , Hebbar Aditya , Karateev Denis , Meineri Marco , Penedones João 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study 2-to-2 scattering amplitudes of massless spin one particles in d = 4 space-time dimensions, like real world photons. We define a set of non-perturbative observables (Wilson coefficients) which describe these amplitudes at low energies. We use full non-linear unitarity to construct various novel numerical bounds on these observables. For completeness, we also rederive some bounds using positivity only. We discover and explain why some of these Wilson coefficients cannot be bounded.
Black hole singularity from OPE
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Liu Hong , Parnachev Andrei , Valach Samuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Eternal asymptotically AdS black holes are dual to thermofield double states in the boundary CFT. It has long been known that black hole singularities have certain signatures in boundary thermal two-point functions related to null geodesics bouncing off the singularities (bouncing geodesics). In this paper we shed light on the manifestations of black hole singularities in the dual CFT. We decompose the boundary CFT correlator of scalar operators using the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) and focus on the contributions from the identity, the stress tensor, and its products. We show that this part of the correlator develops singularities precisely at the points that are connected by bulk bouncing geodesics. Black hole singularities are thus encoded in the analytic behavior of the boundary correlators determined by multiple stress tensor exchanges. Furthermore, we show that in the limit where the conformal dimension of the operators is large, the sum of multi-stress-tensor contributions develops a branch point singularity as predicted by the geodesic analysis. We also argue that the appearance of complexified geodesics, which play an important role in computing the full correlator, is related to the contributions of the double-trace operators in the boundary CFT.
Regulation of Cx36 trafficking through the early secretory pathway by COPII cargo receptors and Grasp55
Authors: Tetenborg Stephan , Ariakia Fatemeh , Martinez-Soler Elizabeth , Shihabeddin Eyad , Lazart Ignacio Cebrian , Miller Adam C. , O’Brien John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGap junctions formed by the major neuronal connexin Cx36 function as electrical synapses in the nervous system and provide unique functions such as synchronizing neuron activities or supporting network oscillations. Although the physiological significance of electrical synapses for neuronal networks is well established, little is known about the pathways that regulate the transport of its main component: Cx36. Here we have used HEK293T cells as an expression system in combination with siRNA and BioID screens to study the transition of Cx36 from the ER to the cis Golgi. Our data indicate that the C-terminal tip of Cx36 is a key factor in this process, mediating binding interactions with two distinct components in the early secretory pathway: the COPII complex and the Golgi stacking protein Grasp55. The C-terminal amino acid valine serves as an ER export signal to recruit COPII cargo receptors Sec24A/B/C at ER exit sites, whereas the PDZ binding motif “SAYV” mediates an interaction with Grasp55. These two interactions have opposing effects in their respective compartments. While Sec24 subunits carry Cx36 out of the ER, Grasp55 stabilizes Cx36 in the Golgi as shown in over expression experiments. These early regulatory steps of Cx36 are expected to be essential for the formation, function, regulation and plasticity of electrical synapses in the developing and mature nervous system.
Discontinuities Cause Essential Spectrum on Surfaces
Authors: Butterley Oliver , Canestrari Giovanni , Castorrini Roberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional maps with discontinuities are considered. It is shown that, in the presence of discontinuities, the essential spectrum of the transfer operator is large whenever it acts on a Banach space with norm that is stronger than $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

or $$BV$$

BV

. Three classes of examples are introduced and studied, both expanding and partially expanding. In two dimensions, there is complication due to the geometry of the discontinuities, an issue not present in the one-dimensional case and which is explored in this work.
Symplectic topology and ideal-valued measures
Authors: Dickstein Adi , Ganor Yaniv , Polterovich Leonid , Zapolsky Frol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe adapt Gromov’s notion of ideal-valued measures to symplectic topology, and use it for proving new results on symplectic rigidity and symplectic intersections. Furthermore, it allows us to discuss three “big fiber theorems”—the Centerpoint Theorem in combinatorial geometry, the Maximal Fiber Inequality in topology, and the Non-displaceable Fiber Theorem in symplectic topology—from a unified viewpoint. Our main technical tool is an enhancement of the symplectic cohomology theory recently developed by Varolgüneş.
Activated carbons prepared from stump wood of various tree species by chemical activation and their application for water purification
Authors: Doczekalska Beata , Ziemińska Natalia , Kuśmierek Krzysztof , Świątkowski Andrzej 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActivated carbons (ACs) were produced from stump wood of different tree species, such as pine, bearded birch, and American black cherry using chemical activation with KOH and NaOH. The activated carbons were characterized and evaluated as adsorbents for eliminating bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of adsorption and equilibrium adsorption, as well as the impact of solution pH and ionic strength, were examined. The kinetics were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Boyd kinetic models. The findings suggest that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, the film diffusion was found to be the rate-determining step for the adsorption of BPA on all of the activated carbons. The data for adsorption equilibrium were tested using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations, with results indicating that the Langmuir model was the most applicable. The capacity of activated carbons to adsorb BPA was dependent on their surface area. Higher BET surface areas resulted in increased adsorption. The birch-derived AC activated by NaOH had a monolayer adsorption capacity of 1.980 mmol/g, while the AC from black cherry activated with KOH had 2.195 mmol/g. The adsorption of BPA was pH-dependent, and no effect of ionic strength was observed. The activated carbons had very high adsorption capacities, indicating that stump wood is an excellent precursor for the production of highly effective adsorbents.
Perfluoroalkyl acid precursor or weakly fluorinated organic compound? A proof of concept for oxidative fractionation of PFAS and organofluorines
Authors: Zweigle Jonathan , Schmidt Apollonia , Bugsel Boris , Vogel Christian , Simon Fabian , Zwiener Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganofluorine mass balance approaches are increasingly applied to investigate the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other organofluorines in environmental samples more comprehensively. Usually, complex samples prevent the identification and quantification of every fluorine-containing molecule. Consequently, large unidentified fractions between fluorine sum parameters such as extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and the sum of quantified analytes are frequently reported. We propose using oxidative conversion to separate (unidentified) weakly fluorinated compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) from PFAA-precursors (perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ≥ C6). We show with three organofluorine model substances (flufenamic acid, diflufenican, pantoprazole) that CF3-groups or aromatic fluorine can be quantitatively converted to inorganic fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by applying PhotoTOP oxidation (UV/TiO2). The principle of fluorine separation in mixtures is demonstrated by the oxidation of the three weakly fluorinated compounds together with the PFAA-precursor 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkyl phosphate diester (FTMAP). After oxidation, the products F− and TFA were separated from PFCAs (> C4) by SPE, and the fractions were analyzed individually. Closed mass balances both with and without the addition of organic matrix were achieved. Eventually, the fluorine balance was verified by total fluorine measurements with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The proposed methods should be considered a proof of concept to potentially explain unidentified fractions of the EOF, especially if compounds with low fluorine content such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products contribute largely to the EOF. Future studies are needed to show the applicability to the complexity of environmental samples.
Graphical Abstract
Reducibility Without KAM
Authors: Argentieri F. , Fayad B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe prove rotations-reducibility for close to constant quasi-periodic $$SL(2,\mathbb {R})$$

S
L
(
2
,
R
)

cocycles in one frequency in the finite regularity and smooth cases, and derive some applications to quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators.
On the Superadditive Pressure for 1-Typical, One-Step, Matrix-Cocycle Potentials
Authors: Rush Tom 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet $$(\Sigma _T,\sigma )$$

(

Σ
T

,
σ
)

be a subshift of finite type with primitive adjacency matrix $$T$$
T
, $$\psi :\Sigma _T \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

ψ
:

Σ
T

→
R

a Hölder continuous potential, and $$\mathcal {A}:\Sigma _T \rightarrow \textrm{GL}_d(\mathbb {R})$$

A
:

Σ
T

→

GL
d

(
R
)

a 1-typical, one-step cocycle. For $$t \in \mathbb {R}$$

t
∈
R

consider the sequences of potentials $$\Phi _t=(\varphi _{t,n})_{n \in \mathbb {N}}$$

Φ
t

=

(

φ

t
,
n

)

n
∈
N

defined by $$\begin{aligned}\varphi _{t,n}(x):=S_n \psi (x) + t\log \Vert \mathcal {A}^n(x)\Vert , \, \forall n \in \mathbb {N}.\end{aligned}$$

φ

t
,
n

(
x
)

:
=

S
n

ψ

(
x
)

+
t
log

‖

A

n

(
x
)

‖

,

∀
n
∈
N
.

Using the family of transfer operators defined in this setting by Park and Piraino, for all $$t<0$$

t
<
0

sufficiently close to 0 we prove the existence of Gibbs-type measures for the superadditive sequences of potentials $$\Phi _t$$

Φ
t

. This extends the results of the well-understood subadditive case where $$t \ge 0$$

t
≥
0

. Prior to this, Gibbs-type measures were only known to exist for $$t<0$$

t
<
0

in the conformal, the reducible, the positive, or the dominated, planar settings, in which case they are Gibbs measures in the classical sense. We further prove that the topological pressure function $$t \mapsto P_{\textrm{top}}(\Phi _t,\sigma )$$

t
↦

P
top

(

Φ
t

,
σ
)

is analytic in an open neighbourhood of 0 and has derivative given by the Lyapunov exponents of these Gibbs-type measures.
Generalised Entropy Accumulation
Authors: Metger Tony , Fawzi Omar , Sutter David , Renner Renato 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConsider a sequential process in which each step outputs a system $$A_i$$

A
i

and updates a side information register E. We prove that if this process satisfies a natural “non-signalling” condition between past outputs and future side information, the min-entropy of the outputs $$A_1, \dots , A_n$$

A
1

,
⋯
,

A
n

conditioned on the side information E at the end of the process can be bounded from below by a sum of von Neumann entropies associated with the individual steps. This is a generalisation of the entropy accumulation theorem (EAT) (Dupuis et al. in Commun Math Phys 379: 867–913, 2020), which deals with a more restrictive model of side information: there, past side information cannot be updated in subsequent rounds, and newly generated side information has to satisfy a Markov condition. Due to its more general model of side-information, our generalised EAT can be applied more easily and to a broader range of cryptographic protocols. As examples, we give the first multi-round security proof for blind randomness expansion and a simplified analysis of the E91 QKD protocol. The proof of our generalised EAT relies on a new variant of Uhlmann’s theorem and new chain rules for the Rényi divergence and entropy, which might be of independent interest.
Nonlinear Dynamics for the Ising Model
Authors: Caputo Pietro , Sinclair Alistair 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe introduce and analyze a natural class of nonlinear dynamics for spin systems such as the Ising model. This class of dynamics is based on the framework of mass action kinetics, which models the evolution of systems of entities under pairwise interactions, and captures a number of important nonlinear models from various fields, including chemical reaction networks, Boltzmann’s model of an ideal gas, recombination in population genetics and genetic algorithms. In the context of spin systems, it is a natural generalization of linear dynamics based on Markov chains, such as Glauber dynamics and block dynamics, which are by now well understood. However, the inherent nonlinearity makes the dynamics much harder to analyze, and rigorous quantitative results so far are limited to processes which converge to essentially trivial stationary distributions that are product measures. In this paper we provide the first quantitative convergence analysis for natural nonlinear dynamics in a combinatorial setting where the stationary distribution contains non-trivial correlations, namely spin systems at high temperatures. We prove that nonlinear versions of both the Glauber dynamics and the block dynamics converge to the Gibbs distribution of the Ising model (with given external fields) in times $$O(n\log n)$$

O
(
n
log
n
)

and $$O(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

respectively, where n is the size of the underlying graph (number of spins). Given the lack of general analytical methods for such nonlinear systems, our analysis is unconventional, and combines tools such as information percolation (due in the linear setting to Lubetzky and Sly), a novel coupling of the Ising model with Erdős-Rényi random graphs, and non-traditional branching processes augmented by a “fragmentation” process. Our results extend immediately to any spin system with a finite number of spins and bounded interactions.
Dimension of Planar Non-conformal Attractors with Triangular Derivative Matrices
Authors: Bárány Balázs , Käenmäki Antti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the dimension of the attractor and quasi-Bernoulli measures of parametrized families of iterated function systems of non-conformal and non-affine maps. We introduce a transversality condition under which, relying on a weak Ledrappier-Young formula, we show that the dimensions equal to the root of the subadditive pressure and the Lyapunov dimension, respectively, for almost every choice of parameters. We also exhibit concrete examples satisfying the transversality condition with respect to the translation parameters.
Spectral Networks and Stability Conditions for Fukaya Categories with Coefficients
Authors: Haiden F. , Katzarkov L. , Simpson C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven a holomorphic family of Bridgeland stability conditions over a surface, we define a notion of spectral network which is an object in a Fukaya category of the surface with coefficients in a triangulated DG-category. These spectral networks are analogs of special Lagrangian submanifolds, combining a graph with additional algebraic data, and conjecturally correspond to semistable objects of a suitable stability condition on the Fukaya category with coefficients. They are closely related to the spectral networks of Gaiotto–Moore–Neitzke. One novelty of our approach is that we establish a general uniqueness results for spectral network representatives. We also verify the conjecture in the case when the surface is disk with six marked points on the boundary and the coefficients category is the derived category of representations of an $$A_2$$

A
2

quiver. This example is related, via homological mirror symmetry, to the stacky quotient of an elliptic curve by the cyclic group of order six.
Comments on Global Symmetries and Anomalies of 5d SCFTs
Authors: Benetti Genolini Pietro , Tizzano Luigi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study various aspects of global symmetries in five-dimensional superconformal field theories. Whenever a supersymmetry-preserving relevant deformation is available, the infrared gauge theory description might exhibit a finite order mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between a 1-form symmetry and the instantonic symmetry. This anomaly constrains the flavor symmetry group acting faithfully on the SCFT and the consistency of certain RG flows. As an additional example, we consider the instructive case of three-dimensional $$\mathcal {N}=4$$

N
=
4

SQED. Finally, we discuss the compatibility between conformal invariance and the presence of 1-form and 2-group global symmetries.
Levin-Wen is a Gauge Theory: Entanglement from Topology
Authors: Kawagoe Kyle , Jones Corey , Sanford Sean , Green David , Penneys David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe show that the Levin-Wen model of a unitary fusion category $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
is a gauge theory with gauge symmetry given by the tube algebra $${\text {Tube}}({\mathcal {C}})$$

Tube
(
C
)

. In particular, we define a model corresponding to a $${\text {Tube}}({\mathcal {C}})$$

Tube
(
C
)

symmetry protected topological phase, and we provide a gauging procedure which results in the corresponding Levin-Wen model. In the case $${\mathcal {C}}=\textsf{Hilb}(G,\omega )$$

C
=
Hilb
(
G
,
ω
)

, we show how our procedure reduces to the twisted gauging of a trival G-SPT to produce the Twisted Quantum Double. We further provide an example which is outside the bounds of the current literature, the trivial Fibbonacci SPT, whose gauge theory results in the doubled Fibonacci string-net. Our formalism has a natural topological interpretation with string diagrams living on a punctured sphere. We provide diagrams to supplement our mathematical proofs and to give the reader an intuitive understanding of the subject matter.
A comparative analysis of face and object perception in 2D laboratory and virtual reality settings: insights from induced oscillatory responses
Authors: Sagehorn Merle , Kisker Joanna , Johnsdorf Marike , Gruber Thomas , Schöne Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn psychophysiological research, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) for stimulus presentation allows for the investigation of how perceptual processing adapts to varying degrees of realism. Previous time-domain studies have shown that perceptual processing involves modality-specific neural mechanisms, as evidenced by distinct stimulus-locked components. Analyzing induced oscillations across different frequency bands can provide further insights into neural processes that are not strictly phase-locked to stimulus onset. This study uses a simple perceptual paradigm presenting images of faces and cars on both a standard 2D monitor and in an immersive VR environment. To investigate potential modality-dependent differences in attention, cognitive load, and task-related post-movement processing, the induced alpha, theta and beta band responses are compared between the two modalities. No evidence was found for differences in stimulus-dependent attention or task-related post-movement processing between the 2D conditions and the realistic virtual conditions in electrode space, as posterior alpha suppression and re-synchronization of centro-parietal beta did not differ between conditions. However, source analysis revealed differences in the attention networks engaged during 2D and 3D perception. Midfrontal theta was significantly stronger in laboratory conditions, indicating higher cognitive load than in the VR environment. Exploratory analysis of posterior theta showed stronger responses in VR, possibly reflecting the processing of depth information provided only by the 3D material. In addition, the theta response seems to be generated by distinct neuronal sources under realistic virtual conditions indicating enhanced involvement of semantic information processing and social cognition.
T2-weighted spoiled gradient echo MRI for forensic age estimation: a study on knee growth plates
Authors: Ekizoglu Oguzhan , Er Ali , Hocaoglu Elif , Bozdag Mustafa , Grabherr Silke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The timing of growth plate fusion is a key indicator for age estimation and is primarily used in forensic investigations. On the other hand, non-ionizing techniques such as MRI are being developed to provide safer and more ethical evaluations in forensic casework. This study aims to evaluate the closure process of growth plates in the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses using Multiple Echo Recombined Gradient Echo (MERGE) MRI sequences and provide age estimation data based on staging methods for forensic purposes. We retrospectively analyzed 559 patients (294 males, 265 females, aged 8–25 years) diagnosed with trauma and knee pain at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital from 2016 to 2019. MRI scans were performed using a 1.5-T system with MERGE sequences and evaluated by two observers using a new staging system. Observer agreement was assessed using Cohen’s κ test, yielding high agreement values (κ > 0.8). Positive correlations were found between age and ossification stages (p < 0.001). Minimum age thresholds for stages 5a and 5b of the distal femoral epiphysis were 16 and 18 years for females and 17 and 19 years for males, respectively. For the proximal tibial epiphysis, the minimum ages for stages 5a and 5b were 15 years for females and 17 years for males. The MERGE sequence provides a viable method for assessing skeletal maturity in living individuals with significant ethical advantages due to non-ionizing radiation. This study supports the potential application of the MERGE sequence in forensic age estimation, demonstrating high observer agreement and consistency. Future research should focus on comparing different sequences and populations to enhance the methodology’s applicability.