bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deliberate institutional differentiation through graduate attributes
Authors: Benson Lyle , Enström Rickard 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the creation and deliberate positioning of a new Bachelor of Commerce program at MacEwan School of Business, Canada, by formally integrating professional skills in the curriculum. Through institutional narratives and statistical measurements, the authors detail the process from the first broad conversation and the different phases of the institutional deliberations to a measurement of students’ development of professional skills and self-confidence through the eyes of student peer coaches.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the institutional thinking process and the inputs that were sought when creating the new Bachelor of Commerce program with integrated professional skills. Hard data were collected on student peer coaches’ development of professional skills through a scale for assessing managerial competencies for undergraduate business students. In addition, coaches’ development of peer-coaching self-confidence was measured. This allows for the correlation between the two constructs self-confidence and professional skills development to be measured.FindingsThe formal implementation of professional skills and peer-coaching of professional skills in the Bachelor of Commerce program showed to be effective in furthering students’ development of professional skills and self-confidence. Also, this study illustrates the need for deliberate and systematic planning, and the inherent differentiating opportunities, when creating a new degree program.Originality/valueThis paper encourages institutional positioning initiatives and presents insights into the training of large cohorts of undergraduate business in their acquisition of professional skills.
The patent management trichotomy: patenting, publishing, and secrecy
Authors: Holgersson Marcus , Wallin Martin W. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeExtant research and practice of patent management are often occupied with how to best utilize patenting as a source of competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a patent management trichotomy where firms make strategic decisions between patenting, publishing, and secrecy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual in nature and draws on received IP management literature to develop an analytical framework.FindingsThe authors suggest that the choice between patenting, publishing, and secrecy can be understood in terms of differences in the degree to which the firm can appropriate value from the invention and the degree to which it can operate freely.Originality/valueThrough an analysis along the dimensions of direct and indirect appropriation as well as static and dynamic freedom to operate, the paper conceptualizes the choice between patenting, publishing, and secrecy in a way useful for managers as well as for academics.
The impact of partners’ technological diversification in joint patenting
Authors: Natalicchio Angelo , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Garavelli Achille Claudio 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand if and how the technological diversifications of collaborating firms and public research organisations (PROs) affect the technological impact of the resulting joint-patented innovations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct an analysis on a database of 590 dyadic joint patents, assigned to both firms and PROs, registered from 1976 to 2010 to the US Patent and Trademark Office and belonging to green technological classes, as defined by the International Patent Classification green inventory.FindingsThe study reveals that the assignees’ technological diversification has a significant influence on the impact of the patents jointly developed. Indeed, the results show that the most impactful joint patents result from collaborations involving technologically diversified firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis research sheds further light on the establishment of R&D collaborations between firms and PROs to jointly innovate. Specifically, it provides a novel perspective to investigate the impact of joint patents, by focussing on the assignees’ technological profile.Practical implicationsThe present work suggests that firms characterised by a higher degree of technological diversification are more likely to co-develop patent of higher technological impact, as resulting from collaboration with PROs.Originality/valueThis study investigates the factors affecting the impact of joint patents resulting from collaborations between firms and PROs. In particular, the present research focusses on the effect of a relevant characteristic of the partners, such as their technological diversification.
Corporate strategies for technology acquisition: evidence from patent transactions
Authors: Caviggioli Federico , De Marco Antonio , Scellato Giuseppe , Ughetto Elisa 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine, for a sample of ten corporations in three industries (i.e. automotive suppliers, semiconductors, and computer networks), the different strategies that firms undertake when acquiring patent-protected technologies. In particular, the authors analyze and compare two alternative channels for patent acquisition: markets for technology (MFT) and merger and acquisition (M&A) processes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors implement two types of analyses, at both patent and firm level. First, the authors perform an econometric analysis to evaluate whether acquired patented technologies differ in their patent bibliographic characteristics with respect to patent-protected technologies that have been developed internally by the examined firms. The authors then investigate the presence of differences in the characteristics of transacted patents acquired in the MFT or by means of M&A activities. Second, the authors take a firm-level perspective and examine the technology acquisition strategies adopted by selected companies to identify the presence of common patterns, industry-driven specificities and firm peculiarities.FindingsThe authors find that acquired patented technologies are, on average, more complex, of higher technical merit and the corresponding patents show a higher legal robustness. Econometric results reveal the presence of differences between M&A and MFT patents: the latter seem to protect less complex, and thus easier to trade, inventions. The analysis of the patterns of patent acquisitions at the firm level shows the presence of different strategies for the external sourcing of patented technologies, based on whether acquired patents protect core or non-core technology areas of the analyzed firms. Such patterns are discussed in the light of the different streams of the literature on intellectual property (IP) management.Originality/valueThis paper makes use of a new and comprehensive data set of the US patent transactions that took place between 2002 and 2010. The authors added detailed data on the evolution of the corporate trees of analyzed firms. The paper contributes to the literature on technology acquisitions and MFT by examining the different channels for patented technology acquisitions. The issue represents an emerging area of interest in the field of IP management.
IP, openness, and innovation performance: an empirical study
Authors: Aloini Davide , Lazzarotti Valentina , Manzini Raffaella , Pellegrini Luisa 
Published: May 2017

PurposeIntellectual property protection mechanisms (IPPMs) include a variety of methods suitable for protecting valuable intangible assets of companies, and it is of great relevance to study how companies use these mechanisms to ensure the appropriability of innovation, in a context in which innovation is increasingly open. Indeed, there is a tension between the aim to share knowledge with external partners and the need to protect valuable know-how. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship among the use of IPPMs, open innovation (OI), and the innovation performance of companies.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based upon a survey conducted on 477 firms from Finland, Italy, Sweden, and UK in 2012.FindingsThe study shows that IPPMs have an indirect impact on innovation performance, mediated by the degree of openness. More precisely, IPPMs positively influence the level of openness, which, in turn, positively influences the innovation performance.Originality/valueThe empirical analysis contributes on two issues widely debated in the literature: the impact of IPPMs on innovation performance and the role of IPPMs as enablers or disablers of OI.
Exploring digital preservation requirements
Authors: Pinnick Jaana 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe aim of this paper was to explore digital preservation requirements within the wider National Geoscience Data Centre (NGDC) organisational framework in preparation for developing a preservation policy and integrating associated preservation workflows throughout the existing research data management processes. This case study is based on an MSc dissertation research undertaken at Northumbria University.Design/methodology/approachThis mixed methods case study used quantitative and qualitative data to explore the preservation requirements and triangulation to strengthen the design validity. Corporate and the wider scientific priorities were identified through literature and a stakeholder survey. Organisational preparedness was investigated through staff interviews.FindingsStakeholders expect data to be reliable, reusable and available in preferred formats. To ensure digital continuity, the creation of high-quality metadata is critical, and data depositors need data management training to achieve this. Recommendations include completing a risk assessment, creating a digital asset register and a technology watch to mitigate against risks.Research limitations/implicationsThe main constraint in this study is the lack of generalisability of results. As the NGDC is a unique organisation, it may not be possible to generalise the organisational findings, although those relating to research data management may be transferrable.Originality/valueThis research examines the specific nature of geoscience data retention requirements and looks at existing NGDC procedures in terms of enhancing digital continuity, providing new knowledge on the preservation requirements for a number of national datasets.
Metadata and video games emulation: an effective bond to achieve authentic preservation?
Authors: Carta Giovanni 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to rethink the concept of significant properties in relationship to video game emulation.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, video games are examined as complex digital objects, that is digital objects that are constituted by multiple layers that are interconnected with other objects. Starting from the assumption that metadata are fundamental to individuate the authenticity and accuracy of a complex digital object, the research is based on the analysis of the most recent frameworks that propose a substantial use of metadata to perform gaming emulation.

Findings
Technical metadata are being used within emulation frameworks to describe digital environments and objects. Although metadata cannot be considered a definitive solution for preserving significant properties of video games, they should be used in a more extensive way across frameworks.

Originality/value
This paper tries to provide insights on video game properties that can help to refine the debate on emulation.
Recruitment of records management practitioners in Jamaica’s public sector and its implications for professional practice
Authors: Duffus Kaydene 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the recruitment practices in the records management (RM) profession in Jamaica’s public sector and their implications for professional practice. This paper is part of a larger doctoral study completed at the University College London that investigated the connection between RM education and national development.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is a qualitative mixed methods study, which mainly utilises data from 34 interviews done among RM practitioners and educators, and development administrators and analysts in Kingston and Spanish Town, Jamaica.

Findings
The study found that there is an urgent need for a change in how RM practitioners are recruited for their roles in Jamaica’s public sector. More coherent frameworks and a more coordinated effort are required to support for the recruitment of practitioners.

Research limitations/implications
This research is specific to the Jamaican case; therefore, it provides little basis for generalisation. Consequently, the study seeks to make no claims that the results in the Jamaican context are generalisable to other societies. Nonetheless, the conclusions and recommendations may be instructive in other environments.

Social implications
The study evaluated some of the existing practices for the recruitment of RM practitioners. As a result, the findings should enhance the knowledge about the human resources needs in RM in Jamaica.

Originality/value
In addition to providing some directions for future research, the study also gives voice to a diverse group. It brings together an analysis of national discourses around RM recruitment practices. This is done through the multifaceted views of Jamaican RM practitioners, development administrators and RM educators represented in the interviews.
How does leadership development help universities become learning organisations?
Authors: Gentle Paul , Clifton Louise 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to draw on empirical data to interrogate the correlation between participation in leadership development programmes by individual leaders and the ability of higher education institutions to learn organisationally from such participation.

Design/methodology/approach
Applying a multi-stakeholder perspective, this paper focuses on the experiences of both senior and entry-level university managers and how these are connected systematically to institutional climates and structures conducive to learning.

Findings
There is a tendency for vice chancellors, directors of human resources and other senior managers to identify participants to sponsor programmes without putting in place mechanisms and cultural processes to incorporate their individual learning into organisational improvement.

Originality/value
The paper raises questions as to how societal needs are served by the organisational behaviours of universities with respect to developing leaders, and what higher institutions might do differently to increase the impact of developing leaders on their organisations. Suggested approaches include facilitating constructive dialogue in an experimental, reflective environment and integrating action learning and mentoring into institutional practices.
Balancing countervailing processes at a Lithuanian university
Authors: Leisyte Liudvika , Vilkas Mantas , Staniskiene Egle , Zostautiene Daiva 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how the countervailing processes for enhancing academic excellence based on professional norms are balanced out with the market-oriented processes of standardisation and performance management in a university. Further, the authors aim to explore how and if organisational learning occurs in balancing these processes.Design/methodology/approachThe longitudinal, inductive three-year study of a higher education institution in Lithuania was used to understand how a higher education institution based on the norms of academic excellence was balanced out with the market-oriented processes and what mechanisms of leaning took place during the process. The authors drew upon three data sources – archival materials, observation and interviews with academic staff and administrators – to capture the processes of rebalancing and learning.FindingsA complex balance is observed between the strive for academic excellence and market relevance. Market relevance has been the dominant reform tone for the central administration of a Lithuanian university (LTU), while maintenance of academic excellence prevailed among academic staff. The LTU manages the countervailing processes by standardising, financialising, surveying and disciplining. The rebalancing resulted in dissent from the academic community. Organisational learning could be observed in the example of the introduction of a new examination procedure, while it could not occur during the process of new performance management system introduction. The process led to mutual distrust between the academic staff and the management of the LTU.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on organisational learning in higher education, showing how an eager entrepreneurial university engages in the reform process and how it engages in the complex balancing of countervailing processes of academic excellence and market relevance. The authors contribute with empirical evidence on how rebalancing processes in a professional organisation works and what limitations it faces. The study shows the vital multi-stakeholder involvement and understanding of the process of change. The authors further contribute to the discussion on the adoption factors of performance-based systems and the process of institutionalisation using a longitudinal perspective as called for in previous research.
The academic non-consultation phenomenon revisited: a research agenda
Authors: Nguyen Nhien , Hansen Jens Ørding 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revive interest in the question, never definitively answered, which Stephen Watson raised in the title of his 2000 paper, “Why is it that management academics rarely advise on their own institutions?” It is argued that finding the answer to the question would not only be interesting in and of itself but could also lead to valuable contributions to the theory of the learning organization.Design/methodology/approachInspired by Watson’s original paper and a new interview the authors made with him in 2017, this paper discusses the possible explanations for why management academics rarely advise on their own institutions and sets out an agenda for future research.FindingsThe authors suggest a simple three-way categorization of the nine hypotheses identified by Watson (2000), grouping them by the themes of management knowledge, motivation of higher education institution (HEI) managers and incentives for academics to engage. This study proposes an integrated framework to illustrate how these three categories of hypotheses are connected and can jointly explain the observed phenomenon. The study provides theoretical underpinnings for the most promising hypotheses and suggests an agenda for future research, emphasizing the potential of such research to contribute to the learning organization field.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper should not be interpreted primarily as an attempt to provide support for any particular hypothesis. Rather, the principal aim of the authors is to sketch out a future research agenda and inspire others to contribute empirical evidence that can help shed light on the paradox of why management academics rarely advise on their own institutions.Originality/valueThe theoretical contribution of this paper is to revive the important research topic of “why management academics do not seem to be widely engaged in advising university managers” (Watson, 2000, p. 99) and to introduce a research agenda that can help realize the potential contribution of this topic to the learning organization literature. The practical contribution is to re-address the difficulties of HEIs in becoming full-fledged “learning organizations” and to suggest that HEI managers re-examine the possibilities for using hitherto untapped internal expertise.
Spatial and temporal components of induced plant responses in the context of herbivore life history and impact on host
Authors: Mason Charles J. , Villari Caterina , Keefover‐Ring Ken , Jagemann Stephanie , Zhu Jun , Bonello Pierluigi , Raffa Kenneth F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlants defend against herbivores and pathogens through integrated constitutive and induced defences. Induced responses may be expressed locally or tissue/plant‐wide, i.e. systemically, and may also be primed for subsequent attack. Although the elicitation and efficacy of induced responses are increasingly well‐characterised, we have little understanding of how timing and within‐plant spatial patterns of induced defences relate to different herbivore behaviours and selective pressures.We used interactions between pines and their major mortality agents, native bark beetle‐fungal complexes, to explore this dimension. We analysed concentrations of multiple terpenoid and phenolic classes, and lesion formation, to provide a comprehensive profile of specialised metabolites and histological responses in red pine (Pinus resinosa) phloem. We examined these profiles in constitutive tissue and following simulated attack, sampling both at the point of challenge and away from the attack site, and following a second simulated attack.Terpenoid concentrations increased by >100‐fold at the site of simulated attack. In contrast, systemic induction of terpenoids was absent or weak, with most exhibiting no change and others increasing only 1.5–2 fold. Previous elicitation did not influence terpenoid concentrations, either locally or tissue‐wide, when trees were challenged a second time. Phenolics had mixed responses in localised tissues, with some compounds increasing and others decreasing. Like terpenoids, phenolics did not show substantial systemic, tissue‐wide changes, and likewise showed no evidence of priming. Collectively, these results indicate that red pine employs a strategy of maximising its response at each point of attack by bark beetles.Pines have been shown to express systemic induced resistance against several canker fungi, so the absence of these responses suggests agent‐specific reactions, rather than inherent incapability. Rapid local induction seems to be a better strategy in this instance because if a bark beetle can succeed in entering and producing pheromones from a host, the resulting mass attack usually exceeds defense capacity and kills the tree.These results highlight how plant defence syndromes can modulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of induced responses, in addition to the chemical and morphological traits deployed.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Excellence at What Cost? Austerity and the Reform of the School System in England (2010–2016)
Authors: Granoulhac Françoise 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reform of the school system, which has been conducted by the Coalition and Conservative governments since 2010, has largely been austerity‐driven. In spite of the governments’ pledge to protect their budgets, schools have been severely hit by spending cuts. The reform programme has itself been integral to the fiscal consolidation plans by promoting a more cost‐effective system of state schooling. This article discusses the relationship between austerity and reform, and looks at the consequences for the concept of public service. Some specific aspects of the new institutional framework are examined, especially the creation of an independent state sector made up of academies and free schools, which has entrenched the involvement of private sector firms in education. The overhaul of the school system, which started nearly thirty years ago, has now reached a new decisive stage. However, considering the complex relationship between multiple actors and the opposing forces at work, one cannot say with any certainty that it will cause the demise of public service state education.