bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concept to combine the different housing alternative advantages
Authors: Rinne Samuli , Syri Sanna 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– A dense urban structure cuts down traffic emissions. It also promotes waste heat use and storage possibilities as a form of district heating. However, quality elements associated with detached houses, such as tranquillity and self-expression possibilities, may be lost. Better building quality and alternatives to private car use can enable these elements in smaller spaces, which is assessed here. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A technology set for an imaginary high-quality (HQ) apartment house is discussed by assessing increased embedded energy of the building structure, due to the HQ measures. HQ solutions include visual barriers, increased sound insulation, roof terraces, large windows, apartment adaptability, bike sheds, electrical cargo bikes and advanced energy solutions.

Findings
– The increased construction and heating energy use in HQ buildings can be offset if car use is reduced by 10-15 per cent. There is a greater possibility of achieving this reduction if HQ housing can make urban densification more readily acceptable by demonstrating, that good quality housing can exist both in smaller building lots as well as in smaller apartments.

Originality/value
– The quality issue brings a novel perspective to estimating the environmental impacts of built environment solutions. The approach here is quite simple, but the issue can be discussed more. That is, how much total resource input can be decreased, if the target is not to produce square metres but rather the necessary elements to have a good quality of life.
Precipitation alters the strength of evolutionary priority effects in forest community assembly of pteridophytes and angiosperms
Authors: Brandt Angela J. , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Leopold Devin R. , Heenan Peter B. , Fukami Tadashi , Lee William G. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

The ecological conditions promoting evolutionary priority effects, where the order and timing of ancestral species arrival into a new habitat influences extant community assembly, are poorly understood. Studies in the New Zealand alpine indicated that early‐arriving angiosperm lineages dominated communities via niche pre‐emption. Forests have a much longer (>60 myr) evolutionary history in New Zealand than alpine communities (<2 myr) and greater structural complexity.

Here we ask whether community effects of arrival order persist in cool temperate forest communities in southern New Zealand that have assembled throughout the Cenozoic. Combining phylogenetically derived clade ages and forest vegetation data from across a mountain range, we compare effects of clade age on relative richness and abundance of two taxonomic groups (pteridophytes and angiosperms) along precipitation gradients.

We show that older clades of both groups tended to have greater relative abundance and older angiosperm clades had greater relative richness. Relative richness and abundance also increased with regional clade diversity, independent of clade age.

The strength of the clade age effect on community dominance changed differently along precipitation gradients depending on the response and taxonomic group. Clade age had a stronger effect on relative abundance of pteridophytes with increasing elevation and westerliness (i.e. as precipitation increased). In contrast, the effect of clade age on relative abundance of angiosperms decreased with westerliness. Precipitation did not alter the clade age effect on relative richness.

Synthesis. We show that evolutionary priority effects persist in communities with a longer evolutionary history than has been investigated to date and across physiologically contrasting taxonomic groups, suggesting priority effects are general drivers of community assembly over macro‐evolutionary time‐scales. Furthermore, the strength of evolutionary priority effects attenuated along a gradient of decreasing resources, at least for pteridophytes, which improves our ability to predict conditions in which the arrival order of lineages influences community assembly.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with colorectal endometriosis
Authors: Thomin A , Belghiti J , David C , Marty O , Bornes M , Ballester M , Roman H , Daraï E 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate delivery and neonatal outcomes in women with resected or in situ bowel endometriosis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFrance.Population and sampleAnalysis of 72 pregnancies from 67 women followed for colorectal endometriosis from 2001 to 2014 in six centres including two university expert centres for endometriosis.MethodsUnivariate analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes.Main outcome measuresRoutes for delivery and rate of complications.ResultsThe colorectal surgery group comprised 41 women and the in situ colorectal group, 26 women. Overall, half of the women underwent caesarean section. A high incidence of postoperative complications (39%) was observed after caesarean section with no difference between the groups. Surgical difficulties at newborn extraction (22%) and postoperative complications (39%) occurred more often in women with anterior deep infiltrating endometriosis (respectively 63 versus 11%, P = 0.007 and 67% versus 26%, P = 0.046) independently of prior surgery for endometriosis. In the remaining half, vaginal delivery required an operative procedure in 28% of the women with a significant increase in postpartum complications compared with those who did not require a procedure (P = 0.001). Overall, the incidence of postpartum complications was lower after vaginal delivery (14%) than after caesarean section (39%) (P = 0.03).ConclusionPregnant women with colorectal endometriosis, irrespective of prior surgery, should be informed of the high risk of delivery by caesarean section. Vaginal delivery is preferrable in this setting because of the lower incidence of postpartum complications.Tweetable abstractDue to the incidence of postpartum complications whatever the route of delivery, women should receive level III maternal care.
Testing and Improving Temperature Thresholds for Snow and Rain Prediction in the Western United States
Authors: Rajagopal Seshadri , Harpold Adrian A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe phase of precipitation at the land surface is critical to determine the timing and amount of water available for hydrological and ecological systems. However, there are few techniques to directly observe the precipitation phase and many prediction tools apply a single temperature threshold (e.g., 0°C) to determine phase. In this paper, we asked two questions: (1) what is the accuracy of default and station optimized daily temperature thresholds for predicting precipitation phase and (2) what are the regions and conditions in which typical temperature‐based precipitation phase predictions are most suited. We developed a ground truth dataset of rain vs. snow using an expert decision‐making system based on precipitation, snow depth, and snow water equivalent observations. This dataset was used to evaluate the accuracy of three temperature‐threshold‐based techniques of phase classification. Optimizing the temperature threshold improved the prediction of precipitation phase by 34% compared to using 0°C threshold. Developing a temperature threshold based on station elevation improved the error by 12% compared with using the 0°C temperature threshold. We also found the probability of snow as a function of temperature differed among ecoregions, which suggests a varied response to future climate change. These results highlight a current weakness in our ability to predict the effects of regional warming that could have uneven impacts on water and ecological resources.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Sorghum mosaic virus infecting Saccharum spp. hybrids
Authors: Luo Q. , Ahmad K. , Fu H.‐Y. , Wang J.‐D. , Chen R.‐K. , Gao S.‐J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSugarcane mosaic disease is widespread in many countries and has been identified to be caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) and Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). Viral surveys of SCMV, SrMV and SCSMV were performed from 104 leaf samples of Saccharum spp. hybrid growing in China and two leaf samples in Myanmar. Sorghum mosaic virus was a major causal agent for sugarcane mosaic disease in China whereby 72.1% (75/104) of samples had SrMV infection alone, 6.7% (7/104) were mixed with SCMV and 17.3% (18/104) were mixed with SCSMV. Sugarcane streak mosaic virus infection alone occurred in 3.8% (4/104) of samples, but no single infections were observed for SCMV. Two viruses (SrMV and SCSMV) were detected in sugarcane mosaic samples in Myanmar. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the SrMV isolates were clustered into three major lineages encompassing six phylogroups/genotypes based on the CP sequences (825 nucleotides) of 113 Chinese and 2 Burmese isolates from this study and 73 isolates reported worldwide. Six clearly distinct SrMV phylogroups (G1–G6) were formed and shared 74.3–94.1% nucleotide identity and 84.7–98.1% amino acid identity of CP sequences. SrMV‐G5 was identified to be new distinct phylogroup that was restricted to the Fujian and Guangxi provinces. The unique SrMV‐G6 phylogroup only occurred in Yunnan province. Insertion/deletion mutations, negative selection and frequent gene flow are factors driving the genetic evolution and population structure of SrMV in China.
Comparison of Four Views to Single‐view Ultrasound Protocols to Identify Clinically Significant Pneumothorax
Authors: Helland Gregg , Gaspari Romolo , Licciardo Samuel , Sanseverino Alexandra , Torres Ulises , Emhoff Timothy , Blehar David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveUltrasound (US) has been shown to be effective at identifying a pneumothorax (PTX); however, the additional value of adding multiple views has not been studied. Single‐ and four‐view protocols have both been described in the literature. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of single‐view versus four‐view lung US to detect clinically significant PTX in trauma patients.MethodsThis was a randomized, prospective trial on trauma patients. Adult patients with acute traumatic injury undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest were eligible for enrollment. Patients were randomized to a single view or four views of each hemithorax prior to any imaging. USs were performed and interpreted by credentialed physicians using a 7.5‐Mhz linear array transducer on a portable US machine with digital clips recorded for later review. Attending radiologist interpretation of the chest CT was reviewed for presence or absence of PTX with descriptions of small foci of air or minimal PTX categorized as clinically insignificant.ResultsA total of 260 patients were enrolled over a 2‐year period. A total of 139 patients received a single view of each chest wall and 121 patients received four views. There were a total of 49 patients that had a PTX (19%), and 29 of these were clinically significant (11%). In diagnosis of any PTX, both single‐view and four‐view techniques showed poor sensitivity (54.2 and 68%) but high specificity (99 and 98%). For clinically significant PTX, single‐view US demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64.1% to 99.6%) and a specificity of 99.2% (95% CI = 95.5% to 99.9%), with sensitivity of 93.3% (95% CI = 66% to 99.7%) and specificity of 98% (95% CI = 92.1% to 99.7%) for four views.ConclusionsSingle‐view and four‐view chest wall USs demonstrate comparable sensitivity and specificity for PTX. The additional time to obtain four views should be weighed against the absence of additional diagnostic yield over a single view when using US to identify a clinically significant PTX.
Viewpoint survey of mental health service users’ experiences of discrimination in England 2008–2014
Authors: Corker E. , Hamilton S. , Robinson E. , Cotney J. , Pinfold V. , Rose D. , Thornicroft G. , Henderson C. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveDiscrimination reported by mental health service users in England is high. The study aims to determine changes in mental health‐related discrimination from 2008 to 2014.MethodsSamples of mental health service users were interviewed from 2008 to 2014 using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale version 12. Social capital in terms of access to social resources is a marker of discrimination in terms of effects on social connections, and so from 2011, social capital also measured using the Resource Generator‐UK.ResultsFewer participants reported discrimination in one or more life areas in 2014 compared to 2008 (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.94 P = 0.03). A weighted multiple regression model found a decrease in overall discrimination in 2014 compared to 2008 (mean difference: −13.55, 95% CI: −17.32 to −9.78, P < 0.001). There was not a consistent in discrimination decline between each year. No differences in access to social resources were found.ConclusionsDiscrimination has fallen significantly over 2008–2014, although there was not a consistent decline between years. There is no evidence that social capital has increased.
Qualitative analysis of mental health service users’ reported experiences of discrimination
Authors: Hamilton S. , Pinfold V. , Cotney J. , Couperthwaite L. , Matthews J. , Barret K. , Warren S. , Corker E. , Rose D. , Thornicroft G. , Henderson C. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo better understand mental health service users’ experiences of stigma and discrimination in different settings.MethodAn annual telephone survey of people with a mental health diagnosis conducted to evaluate the Time to Change antistigma campaign in England. Of 985 people who participated in 2013, 84 took part in a qualitative interview which was audio recorded. Of these, 50 interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed to explore accounts of discrimination. We analysed common types of behaviour; motivations ascribed to the discriminators; expectations of what fair treatment would have been; and the impact of discrimination on participants.ResultsDiscrimination was most common in five contexts: welfare benefits, mental health care, physical health care, family and friends. Participants often found it hard to assess whether a behaviour was discriminatory or not. Lack of support, whether by public services or by friends and family, was often experienced as discrimination, reflecting an expectation that positive behaviours and reasonable adjustments should be offered in response to mental health needs.ConclusionThe impact of discrimination across different settings was often perceived by participants as aggravating their mental health, and there is thus a need to treat discrimination as a health issue, not just a social justice issue.
Reducing stigma in high school youth
Authors: Koller M. , Stuart H. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveWe evaluated 21 contact‐based education interventions in 5047 Canadian high school students and identified student characteristics associated with success.MethodsWe used a one‐group pretest/posttest design with standardized instruments to measure changes in behavioural intent. Variability across interventions was assessed using meta‐analysis, and a mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to identify student characteristics.ResultsInterventions were heterogeneous (I2 = 62.4%) but generally successful. The odds of getting an A grade was 2.57 times greater on the posttest than the pretest (95% CI = 2.18, 3.03). Males were less likely to achieve a passing score overall; however, males who self‐disclosed a mental illness were more likely to pass. Three percent of students experienced a large drop in social acceptance following the intervention. These were more likely to be male [OR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.0, 2.1)].ConclusionContact‐based education is a promising practice for reducing stigma in high school students, although the field would benefit from fidelity criteria to reduce variation across interventions. Males and females react differently to antistigma programming; particularly those with self‐reported mental illnesses and a small proportion may become more intolerant.
Individuals hospitalized with acute mania have increased exposure to antimicrobial medications
Authors: Yolken Robert , Adamos Maria , Katsafanas Emily , Khushalani Sunil , Origoni Andrea , Savage Christina , Schweinfurth Lucy , Stallings Cassie , Sweeney Kevin , Dickerson Faith 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesWe have preciously documented that many individuals with acute mania have immune activation. However, the sources of immune activation have not been identified. We investigated whether individuals hospitalized with acute mania have evidence of bacterial infections as determined by the prescription of systemic antimicrobial agents.MethodsWe assessed the recent prescription of systemic antimicrobial medications and the site of presumed bacterial infection in 234 individuals hospitalized for acute mania in either an inpatient unit or a day hospital. We also assessed individuals hospitalized for other psychiatric disorders (n=368) and controls (n=555). We employed logistic regression models to compare the rates of antibiotic prescription in individuals with the different diagnoses, employing demographic variables as covariates.ResultsWe found that individuals hospitalized with acute mania had a substantially increased rate of recent antimicrobial prescription, defined as exposure within three days of ascertainment (adjusted odds ratio=5.5, 95% confidence interval: 2.2–14.1, P<.0002). Overall, a total of 18 of the 234 (7.7%) individuals hospitalized for acute mania were prescribed antibiotics as opposed to seven of 555 (1.3%) controls. The prescription of antibiotics was associated with being on an inpatient unit as opposed to being in the day hospital, and having increased mania symptom severity but not with other clinical ratings, demographic variables, or psychiatric medications. Hospitalization for other psychiatric disorders was not associated with the recent prescription of antimicrobial medications. The urinary tract was the most common site of infection in women, while the respiratory tract and mucosal surfaces were the most common sites in men.ConclusionsIndividuals hospitalized with acute mania have a markedly increased rate of bacterial infections, as evidenced by the recent prescription of antimicrobial agents. The prevention and effective treatment of bacterial infections may be important interventions for the management of individuals with mania.
Visual Quantification of the Circle of Willis: An Automated Identification and Standardized Representation
Authors: Miao H. , Mistelbauer G. , Našel C. , Gröller M. E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a method for the visual quantification of cerebral arteries, known as the Circle of Willis (CoW). It is an arterial structure with the responsibility of supplying the brain with blood, however, dysfunctions can lead to strokes. The diagnosis of such a time‐critical/urgent event depends on the expertise of radiologists and the applied software tools. They use basic display methods of the volumetric data without any support of advanced image processing and visualization techniques. The goal of this paper is to present an automated method for the standardized description of cerebral arteries in stroke patients in order to provide an overview of the CoW's configuration. This novel representation provides visual indications of problematic areas as well as straightforward comparisons between multiple patients. Additionally, we offer a pipeline for extracting the CoW from Time‐of‐Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF‐MRA) data sets together with an enumeration technique for labelling the arterial segments by detecting the main supplying arteries of the CoW. We evaluated the feasibility of our visual quantification approach in a study of 63 TOF‐MRA data sets and compared our findings to those of three radiologists. The obtained results demonstrate that our proposed techniques are effective in detecting the arteries and visually capturing the overall configuration of the CoW.
Occupational contact urticaria caused by food – a systematic clinical review
Authors: Lukács Judit , Schliemann Sibylle , Elsner Peter 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFood industry workers are at increased risk for occupational contact urticaria (CU). There are many foodstuffs that have been reported to cause occupational CU, including seafood, meat, vegetables, and fruits. The aim of this review is to summarize all reported occupational cases of CU in the food industry. This is a systematic review based on a MEDLINE search of articles in English and German and a manual search, between 1990 and 2014, to summarize the case reports and case series of occupational CU in the food industry. Many different foodstuffs have been implicated in CU. Occupational CU has been reported in many different occupations, mostly in individuals dealing with seafood, meat, vegetables, and fruits, such as chefs, cooks, bakers, butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and fish‐factory workers. Foodstuffs that commonly induce occupational protein contact dermatitis include fish, seafood, meats, vegetables, and fruits. Food handlers may acquire CU resulting from occupational exposures. The prognosis varies widely. The diagnosis of immunological CU is based on the clinical history and on a positive prick test with the suspected substance and/or measurement of specific IgE.
A novel technique of introducing the mesh at the distal dissection while performing laparoscopic ventral rectopexy
Authors: Tsunoda A. , Takahashi T. , Ohta T. , Kusanagi H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimLaparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR) is considered an effective treatment for rectal prolapse and/or rectoanal intussusception. After the dissection of the rectovaginal septum down to the pelvic floor, a strip of mesh is introduced and should be secured as distally as possible. We have developed a novel technique of introducing the mesh at the distal dissection.MethodA nylon thread with straight needle was passed through the posterior wall of vagina at the distal extent of the dissection, which was caught in the abdominal cavity and fixed at the end of the mesh extracorporeally. The mesh was then introduced, pulled toward the pelvic floor and settled at the pierced site by the perineal operator.ResultsSixty‐eight female patients underwent LVR using this technique. There were no intra‐operative and postoperative mesh‐related complications. The mean distance from the vaginal ostium to the point of passing a nylon thread through the posterior wall of the vagina was 2 cm. Postoperative proctography showed the anatomical correction in 47 of the 48 patients who were examined.ConclusionThe surgeon can confirm that the mesh is introduced and secured at the distal dissection by using this technique while performing LVR.
International Migration Policies: Should They Be A New G20 Topic?
Authors: Goldstein Andrea , Venturini Alessandra 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInternational migration should be a core subject for global governance, given its transnational nature, and yet it is its “ugly duckling” and the global community has shied away from taking any concrete action to regulate cross‐border flows of people, at least until 2015, when the refugee crisis in the Mediterranean prompted Turkey to include migration in the Antalya agenda. It is unlikely that the international community will move beyond the current consensus based on humanitarian principles and recognize that the free flow of people is a right, on the same level as trade and capital liberalization. At the same time, much of the criticism of migration policies is misplaced: efforts should be focused on improving the implementation of existing policies and fine‐tune these policies in relation to entrance and integration, preferably in cooperation with the country of origin. The G20 should play a leading role in facilitating such coordination, also taking into account the increasing importance of South–South migration (such as the migration of Chinese citizens to Africa).