bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LSD1 Mediates Neuronal Differentiation of Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells by Controlling the Expression of a Novel Target Gene, HEYL
Authors: Hirano Kazumi , Namihira Masakazu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Histone-modifying enzymes dynamically regulate the chromatin status and have been implicated in the fate specification of stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), which differentiate into three major cell types: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A) catalyzes the demethylation of H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2, and it was recently suggested that functional disruption of LSD1 links to various human diseases. However, the mechanism by which LSD1 regulates human neural development remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that specific inhibition of LSD1 suppresses the neurogenesis of cultured human fetal NSCs (hfNSCs) isolated from the human fetal neocortex. Notably, we found that LSD1 directly associates with the promoter of the HEYL gene, and controls the demethylation of H3K4me2, which is accompanied by repression of HEYL expression during hfNSC neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we also showed that HEYL expression is sufficient to inhibit the neuronal differentiation of hfNSCs. This mechanism seems to be primate-specific because mouse NSCs do not exhibit the LSD1 inhibitor-induced upregulation of Heyl. Our findings suggest that LSD1 plays an important role in primate neurogenesis and may contribute to the characterization of an evolved primate brain.
The North American model and captive cervid facilities—What is the threat?
Authors: Organ John F. , Decker Thomas A. , Lama Tanya M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe North American Model of Wildlife Conservation represents the key principles that in combination resulted in a distinct form of wildlife conservation in the United States and Canada. How and to what extent captive cervid facilities comport with or conflict with these principles has implications for wildlife conservation. Greatest threats appear to be toward principles of public ownership of wildlife, allocation of wildlife by law, and in policy decisions based on science. Captive cervid facilities have potential to contribute to erosion of the underlying principles of the Model and could undermine public support for conservation initiatives. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A stable phylogeny of the large‐spored Metschnikowia clade
Authors: Lachance Marc‐André , Hurtado Emilia , Hsiang Tom 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDraft genomes of 55 strains representing all known large‐spored Metschnikowia species were used to construct a robust phylogeny of these yeasts found in association with flower‐visiting insects. The genomes were annotated with reference to Clavispora lusitaniae. From 3016 orthologues identified, 1061 were present in all strains with enough overlap to generate alignments of 500 bp or more. We constructed trees for all those alignments and evaluated their accuracy from their ability to resolve each of 22 sets of conspecifics correctly as sister taxa. Neighbour‐joining identified species membership better than maximum likelihood, as did trees based on larger gene alignments. However, correct species assignment was not predictive of a gene's ability to resolve deeper topologies, which were more reliably identified by maximum likelihood analyses of large concatenations. Specifically, 14 trees based on independent concatenations ca. 100 kb in length were topologically consistent with a tree based on a single, large concatenation (1 410 065 positions), lending a high degree of confidence to the stability of the phylogeny. A tree based on a concatenation of intergenic regions (112 136 positions) was also congruent. Again, the best predictor of phylogenetic signal quality of a gene was the size of the alignment. Bootstraps were not always good indicators of phylogenetic quality, as they were sometimes affected by clade size. A tree constructed from a presence–absence matrix of all annotated genes was remarkably congruent with sequence‐based phylogenies, suggesting that gain or loss of genes is worth exploring further as a phylogenetically significant event. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the cathode potential and sulfate ions on nitrate reduction in a microbial electrochemical denitrification system
Authors: Nguyen Van Khanh , Park Younghyun , Yang Heechun , Yu Jaecheul , Lee Taeho 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecently, bioelectrochemical systems have been demonstrated as advantageous for denitrification. Here, we investigated the nitrate reduction rate and bacterial community on cathodes at different cathode potentials [−300, −500, −700, and −900 mV vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] in a two-chamber microbial electrochemical denitrification system and effects of sulfate, a common nitrate co-contaminant, on denitrification efficiency. The results indicated that the highest nitrate reduction rates (3.5 mg L−1 days−1) were obtained at a cathode potential of −700 mV, regardless of sulfate presence, while a lower rate was observed at a more negative cathode potential (−900 mV). Notably, although sulfate ions generally inhibited nitrate reduction, this effect was absent at a cathode potential of −700 mV. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that bacterial communities on the graphite-felt cathode were significantly affected by the cathode potential change and sulfate presence. Shinella-like and Alicycliphilus-like bacterial species were exclusively observed on cathodes in reactors without sulfate. Ochrobactrum-like and Sinorhizobium-like bacterial species, which persisted at different cathode potentials irrespective of sulfate presence, were shown to contribute to bioelectrochemical denitrification. This study suggested that a cathode potential of around −700 mV versus SHE would ensure optimal nitrate reduction rate and counteract inhibitory effects of sulfate. Additionally, sulfate presence considerably affects denitrification efficiency and microbial community of microbial electrochemical denitrification systems.
Strategies to distinguish new synthetic cannabinoid FUBIMINA (BIM-2201) intake from its isomer THJ-2201: metabolism of FUBIMINA in human hepatocytes
Authors: Diao Xingxing , Scheidweiler Karl B. , Wohlfarth Ariane , Zhu Mingshe , Pang Shaokun , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Since 2013, a new drugs-of-abuse trend attempts to bypass drug legislation by marketing isomers of scheduled synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), e.g., FUBIMINA (BIM-2201) and THJ-2201. It is much more challenging to confirm a specific isomer’s intake and distinguish it from its structural analog because the isomers and their major metabolites usually have identical molecular weights and display the same product ions. Here, we investigated isomers FUBIMINA and THJ-2201 and propose strategies to distinguish their consumption. THJ-2201 was scheduled in the US, Japan, and Europe; however, FUBIMINA is easily available on the Internet. We previously investigated THJ-2201 metabolism in human hepatocytes, but human FUBIMINA metabolism is unknown. We aim to characterize FUBIMINA metabolism in human hepatocytes, recommend optimal metabolites to confirm its consumption, and propose strategies to distinguish between intakes of FUBIMINA and THJ-2201. FUBIMINA (10 μM) was incubated in human hepatocytes for 3 h, and metabolites were characterized with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). We identified 35 metabolites generated by oxidative defluorination, further carboxylation, hydroxylation, dihydrodiol formation, glucuronidation, and their combinations. We recommend 5′-OH-BIM-018 (M34), BIM-018 pentanoic acid (M33), and BIM-018 pentanoic acid dihydrodiol (M7) as FUBIMINA specific metabolites. THJ-2201 produced specific metabolite markers 5′-OH-THJ-018 (F26), THJ-018 pentanoic acid (F25), and hydroxylated THJ-2201 (F13). Optimized chromatographic conditions to achieve different retention times and careful selection of specific product ion spectra enabled differentiation of isomeric metabolites, in this case FUBIMINA from THJ-2201. Our HR-MS approach should be applicable for differentiating future isomeric SCs, which is especially important when different isomers have different legal status.
Vulnerable, But Why? Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Older Adults Exposed to Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Heid Allison R. , Christman Zachary , Pruchno Rachel , Cartwright Francine P. , Wilson-Genderson Maureen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on pre-disaster, peri-disaster, and post-disaster data, this study examined factors associated with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in older adults exposed to Hurricane Sandy.MethodsWe used a sample of older participants matched by gender, exposure, and geographic region (N=88, mean age=59.83 years) in which one group reported clinically significant levels of PTSD symptoms and the other did not. We conducted t-tests, chi-square tests, and exact logistic regressions to examine differences in pre-disaster characteristics and peri-disaster experiences.ResultsOlder adults who experienced PTSD symptoms reported lower levels of income, positive affect, subjective health, and social support and were less likely to be working 4 to 6 years before Hurricane Sandy than were people not experiencing PTSD symptoms. Those developing PTSD symptoms reported more depressive symptoms, negative affect, functional disability, chronic health conditions, and pain before Sandy and greater distress and feelings of danger during Hurricane Sandy. Exact logistic regression revealed independent effects of preexisting chronic health conditions and feelings of distress during Hurricane Sandy in predicting PTSD group status.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that because vulnerable adults can be identified before disaster strikes, the opportunity to mitigate disaster-related PTSD exists through identification and resource programs that target population subgroups. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:362–370)
An Interdisciplinary Response to a Tobacco Cessation Case Vignette
Authors: Morris Chad D. , Richardson Donna L. , Loewen Jill M. , Vanheest Laura C. , Brumley-Shelton Angela , Feo Maria T. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction:Tobacco use is a chronic, relapsing condition. While there are proven cessation medications and counselling treatments, uptake of available aids is poor and smokers often do not have access to evidence-based services.Aims:The Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence (ATTUD) is an organisation of tobacco treatment specialists (TTSs) representing a wide array of disciplines and healthcare settings. This case vignette was intended to provide a clinical example of an interdisciplinary approach to tobacco use treatment.Methods:ATTUD Interdisciplinary Committee members representing tobacco-cessation experts from five professions were asked to respond to the same composite case vignette detailing key areas of clinical consideration and treatment.Results/Findings:While there were common treatment themes across professions, each provider also offered a unique treatment perspective addressing different facets of the patient's complex care needs, including attention to other chronic illnesses, mental illnesses, and preventive services. Expert responses highlighted that different treatment approaches across a continuum of healthcare settings are complementary.Conclusions:Responses to this vignette support the need to address tobacco use from an interdisciplinary approach. Existing chronic care and patient-centred models should be utilised to ensure that tobacco users receive a sufficient range of cessation services.
General models of ecological diversification. II. Simulations and empirical applications
Authors: Novack-Gottshall Philip M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractModels of functional ecospace diversification within life-habit frameworks (functional-trait spaces) are increasingly used across community ecology, functional ecology, and paleoecology. In general, these models can be represented by four basic processes, three that have driven causes and one that occurs through a passive process. The driven models include redundancy (caused by forms of functional canalization), partitioning (specialization), and expansion (divergent novelty), but they also share important dynamical similarities with the passive neutral model. In this second of two companion articles, Monte Carlo simulations of these models are used to illustrate their basic statistical dynamics across a range of data structures and implementations. Ecospace frameworks with greater numbers of characters (functional traits) and ordered (multistate) character types provide more distinct dynamics and greater ability to distinguish the models, but the general dynamics tend to be congruent across all implementations. Classification-tree methods are proposed as a powerful means to select among multiple candidate models when using multivariate data sets. Well-preserved Late Ordovician (type Cincinnatian) samples from the Kope and Waynesville formations are used to illustrate how these models can be inferred in empirical applications. Initial simulations overestimate the ecological disparity of actual assemblages, confirming that actual life habits are highly constrained. Modifications incorporating more realistic assumptions (such as weighting potential life habits according to actual frequencies and adding a parameter controlling the strength of each model’s rules) provide better correspondence to actual assemblages. Samples from both formations are best fit by partitioning (and to lesser extent redundancy) models, consistent with a role for local processes. When aggregated as an entire formation, the Kope Formation pool remains best fit by the partitioning model, whereas the entire Waynesville pool is better fit by the redundancy model, implying greater beta diversity within this unit. The ‘ecospace’ package is provided to implement the simulations and to calculate their dynamics using the R statistical language.
Identification of male-produced aggregation pheromone of the curculionid beetle Acrotomopus atropunctellus
Authors: Rodríguez S.A. , Pérez M.L.P. , Nazareno M.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe sugarcane stem weevil, Acrotomopus atropunctellus (Boheman) (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cholini) is an important economic pest from the Northwestern region of Argentina. Analyses of the headspace volatiles produced by separated males and females revealed one male-specific compound. Its structural identification is reported here in using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis and chemical micro-reactions. Besides, two laboratory olfactometry assays allowed us to propose 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) as an aggregation pheromone for this insect, being attractive to both conspecific males and females. This compound is reported for the first time as involved in the Curculionidae family communication.
Morphology and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ali S.A.I. , Diakite M.M. , Ali S. , Wang M.-Q. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSensilla are sense organs in insects, typically consisting of a group of cuticle or epidermal cells that appear as hairs or rod-shaped structures. Sensilla serve as the functional elements of sensory systems. The goal of this study was to determine the type and distribution of sensilla in the antennae of Sitophilus granarius (L.) using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This is one of the first studies in which the morphology and distribution patterns of sensilla on antennal segments of male and female S. granarius have been investigated using SEM, followed by TEM. Different morphological sensilla types, including two sensilla basiconica (SB) types, with two subtypes, four sensilla coeloconica (SC) types and five sensilla chaetica (SCH) types, with one subtype, have been identified on S. granarius antennae, whose external structure and shape are peculiar. TEM micrographs of SB on the antennae of S. granarius are characterized by strongly corrugated pores around the cuticle, while micrographs of SC longitudinal sections showed flat-tipped and smooth-surfaced pegs bearing an apical pore that is suggestive of a gustatory function. TEM micrographs of SCH longitudinal sections showed dendrite branches and cuticular pore arrow heads that may be involved in the perception of humidity, temperature, heat and CO2. Because SCH of different sizes were distributed around the head and rostrum, these may function as contact-chemoreceptors .These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the sensilla types in the host location behavior of S. granarius.
High regional genetic diversity and lack of host-specificity in Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as revealed by mtDNA variation
Authors: Piwczyński M. , Pabijan M. , Grzywacz A. , Glinkowski W. , Bereś P.K. , Buszko J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) infests a wide array of host plants and is considered one of the most serious pests of maize in Europe. Recent studies suggest that individuals feeding on maize in Europe should be referred to O. nubilalis (sensu nov.), while those infesting dicots as Ostrinia scapulalis (sensu nov.). We test if the clear genetic distinctiveness among individuals of O. nubilalis living on maize vs. dicots is tracked by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We used fragments of COI and COII genes of 32 individuals traditionally recognized as O. nubilalis collected on three host plants, maize, mugwort and hop, growing in different parts of Poland. In addition, we reconstructed the mtDNA phylogeny of Ostrinia species based on our data and sequences retrieved from GenBank to assess host and/or biogeographic patterns. We also compared haplotype variation found in Poland (east-central Europe) with other regions (Anatolia, Eastern Europe, Balkans, Far East, North America). Our study showed high mtDNA diversity of O. nubilalis in Poland in comparison with other regions and revealed rare haplotypes likely of Asian origin. We did not find distinct mtDNA haplotypes in larvae feeding on maize vs. dicotyledonous plants. Phylogenetic analyses showed an apparent lack of mtDNA divergence among putatively distinct lineages belonging to the O. nubilalis group as identical haplotypes are shared by Asian and European individuals. We argue that human-mediated dispersal, hybridization and sporadic host jumps are likely responsible for the lack of a geographic pattern in mtDNA variation.
Elasticity in Polynomial-Type Extensions
Authors: Batell Mark , Coykendall Jim 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe elasticity of an atomic integral domain is, in some sense, a measure of how far the domain is from being a half-factorial domain. We consider the relationship between the elasticity of a domain R and the elasticity of its polynomial ring R[x]. For example, if R has at least one atom, a sufficient condition for the polynomial ring R[x] to have elasticity 1 is that every non-constant irreducible polynomial f ∈ R[x] be irreducible in K[x]. We will determine the integral domains R whose polynomial rings satisfy this condition.
CIVIL RELIGIONS IN DERBY, 1930–2000
Authors: CHAPMAN ALISTER 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis article explores the impact of immigration on the social history of Derby, England, after the Second World War. In particular, it studies the changes in the city's religious culture associated with the decline of Christianity as the city's civil religion and the increased religious pluralism due to immigration. This local study challenges assumptions about the nature and timing of secularization, and the characterization of religion in late twentieth-century Britain as militant. As new communities from South Asia and the West Indies settled in Derby, their politicization resulted in a growing emphasis on their religious identity that countered interethnic conflict and fostered civil society. The Christian churches are an important part of this story as they found new ways of remaining relevant, sometimes in concert with members of other faith traditions. Between 1930 and 2000, Derby experienced a shift from a civil religion to an array of religions that were civil to each other and concerned for the good of society. Religion continued to play a constructive role in English society at the end of the twentieth century.
Infection levels of protostrongylid nematodes in definitive caprine and intermediate gastropod hosts from Uzbekistan
Authors: Kuchboev A.E. , Krücken J. , Karimova R.R. , Ruziev B.H. , Pazilov A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMorphological analysis of lungworms collected among Caprinae from Uzbekistan resulted in the identification of four species of Protostrongylidae:Protostrongylus rufescens, Protostrongylus hobmaieri, Spiculocaulus leuckartiandCystocaulus ocreatus. The following species were recorded as definitive hosts:Ovis aries, Ovis ammon, Ovis vignei, Capra hircus, Capra falconeriandCapra sibirica. The prevalence ofP. rufescensreached 45.3%, followed byS. leuckartiandC. ocreatuswith 31.7% andP. hobmaieriwith 16.9%. The sex ratio ranged between 1:3.1 and 1:6.2, withP. hobmaierishowing the strongest predominance of females over males. The prevalence of infection of small ruminants with protostrongylid nematodes increased with the age of the hosts. Protostrongyles use terrestrial gastropods as intermediate hosts, and infective larvae were found in the speciesVallonia costata, Gibbulinopsis signata, Pupilla muscorum, Pseudonapaeus albiplicata, Pseudonapaeus sogdiana, Leucozonella ferghanica, Xeropicta candacharica, Candaharia levanderiandMacrochlamys sogdiana. Xeropicta candacharicawas the most abundant gastropod and had the highest prevalence of infection with protostrongylids. AdultX. candacharicahad a significantly higher infection intensity than juveniles. The epidemiology of protostrongylid infections is dynamic and subject to considerable changes. Further characterization of the interaction of protostrongylid parasites with their terrestrial gastropods as intermediate hosts and Caprinae as definitive hosts is required to understand these processes and to monitor the effects of changing ecological contexts.