bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening among young Koreans: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Ha Kyun , Myong Jun-Pyo , Byun Seung Won , Lee Sung-Jong , Lee Yong Seok , Lee Hae-Nam , Lee Keun Ho , Park Dong Choon , Kim Chan Joo , Hur Soo Young , Park Jong Sup , Park Tae Chul 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesDespite the possibility of early detection of cervical cancer, participation in screening programmes among young Koreans is low. We sought to identify associations between risk factors and participation in screening for cervical cancer among young Koreans.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study.SettingRepublic of Korea.Participants3734.Main outcome measuresThe Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V: 2010–2012) was used to evaluate factors associated with attendance for cervical cancer screening among women aged 15–39. After excluding those who were previously diagnosed with cervical cancer and those with incomplete responses to questionnaires, a total of 3734 subjects were eligible. Multi-dimensional covariates as potential predictors of cervical cancer screening were adjusted in multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe participation rate for cervical cancer screening was 46% among women aged 40 or younger. The logistic analyses showed that age, education, total household income, smoking and job status among women aged 15–39 were associated with participation in cervical cancer screening (p<0.05). After age stratification, the associated factors differed by age groups. Moreover, a dose–response between participation in cervical cancer screening and high total household income in the 30–39 age group was seen.ConclusionsPredictive factors differed among young women (aged 15–29 vs 30–39). Thus, age-specific tailored interventions and policies are needed to increase the participation rate in screening for cervical cancer.
Patient perceptions of glucocorticoid side effects: a cross-sectional survey of users in an online health community
Authors: Costello Ruth , Patel Rikesh , Humphreys Jennifer , McBeth John , Dixon William G 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the side effects most important to glucocorticoid (GC) users through a survey of a UK online health community (Healthunlocked.com).DesignOnline cross-sectional survey.SettingParticipants were recruited through Healthunlocked.com, an online social network for health.ParticipantsAdults who were currently taking GCs, or had taken GCs in the past month.MethodResponders scored the importance of listed side effects from 1 to 10, with 10 being of high importance to them. For each side effect, histograms were plotted, and the median rating and IQR were determined. Side effects were ranked by median ranking (largest to smallest) and then IQR (smallest to largest). The scores were categorised as low (scores 1–3), medium (scores 4–7) and high (scores 8–10) importance.Results604 responders completed the survey. Histograms of side effect scores showed a skew towards high importance for weight gain, a U-shaped distribution for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, eye disease and infections, and a skew towards low importance for acne. When ranked, the side effect of most importance to responders was weight gain (median score=9, IQR 6–10) followed by insomnia and moon face with equal median score (8) and IQR (5–10). Three serious side effects, CVD, diabetes and infections, were ranked of lower importance overall but had wide ranging scores (median score=8, IQR 1–10).ConclusionsThe three most highly rated side effects were not clinically serious but remained important to patients, perhaps reflecting their impact on quality of life and high prevalence. This should be taken into consideration when discussing treatment options and planning future GC safety studies.
The Effect of Vitrectomy Infusion Solutions on Postoperative Electroretinography and Retina Histology
Authors: AbdEl Dayem Hisham , Hartzer Michael , Williams George , Ferrone Philip 
Published: April 2017

PurposeA prospective, randomised, masked study comparing three different intraocular infusion solutions used during vitrectomy on postoperative electroretinography (ERG) and retinal histology of rabbit eyes.Methods, materials and animalsTwelve rabbit eyes were used with each group of three intraocular infusion solutions: Lactated Ringers (LR), balanced salt solution (BSS) and balanced salt solution-plus (BSS-Plus).ResultsAt 24 hours postoperatively, the ERG values were 36%, 68% and 75% of the normal values for LR, BSS and BSS-Plus, respectively. At 72 hours postoperatively, the ERG values were 50%, 84% and 100% of the normal values for LR, BSS and BSS-Plus, respectively. At 72 hours postoperatively, 3/12, 10/12 and 12/12 of the vitrectomised eyes had regained normal-value ERGs for LR, BSS, and BSS-Plus eyes, respectively. At 1 week postoperatively, 4/12 and 12/12 of LR and BSS eyes, respectively, had normal ERGs. The number of LR eyes regaining normal ERG values was 4/12, 6/12 and 9/12, measured at 1, 4 and 15 weeks postoperatively, respectively.Retina histologyAt 15 weeks follow-up, histopathology was performed on several rabbit eyes. Histological examination of LR-irrigated eyes showed 2/7 normal retinas, whereas 5/7 showed changes that ranged from vacuoles in the inner retina to numerous vacuoles in both the outer and inner retina with disruption of the inner nuclear layer. The histology of BSS-infused and BSS-Plus-infused rabbit eyes was normal.ConclusionLR solution, when used during vitrectomy, has a more prolonged negative effect on ERG than BSS and BSS-Plus. Histological changes seen in LR eyes may explain the ERG results.
Plasma sphingolipids in HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hodgson Shane , Griffin Timothy J , Reilly Cavan , Harvey Stephen , Witthuhn Bruce A , Sandri Brian J , Kunisaki Ken M , Wendt Chris H 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity in persons living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV appears to uniquely cause COPD, independent of smoking. The mechanisms by which HIV leads to COPD are not clear. The objective of this study was to identify metabolomic biomarkers and potential mechanistic pathways of HIV-associated COPD (HIV-COPD).MethodsWe performed case–control metabolite profiling via mass spectrometry in plasma from 38 individuals with HIV-COPD (cases), comparing to matched controls with/without HIV and with/without COPD. Untargeted metabolites of interest were identified with liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/mass spectrometry (MS)), and targeted metabolomics for tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn) were measured by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) with LC-MS/MS. We used mixed-effects models to compare metabolite concentrations in cases compared with controls while controlling for relevant biological variables.ResultsWe identified 1689 analytes associated with HIV-COPD at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 10%. In PLWH, we identified 263 analytes (10% FDR) between those with and without COPD. LC MS/MS identified Trp and 17 lipids, including sphingolipids and diacylglycerol. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the Kyn/Trp ratio measured by SRM was significantly higher in PLWH (p=0.022), but was not associated with COPD status (p=0.95).ConclusionsThere is a unique metabolite profile in HIV-COPD that includes sphingolipids. Trp metabolism is increased in HIV, but does not appear to independently contribute to HIV-COPD.Trial registration numbersNCT01810289,NCT01797367,NCT00608764.
Physiological responses to a short-term, environmentally realistic, acute heat stress in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar
Authors: Gallant Melanie J. , LeBlanc Sacha , MacCormack Tyson J. , Currie Suzanne 
Published: April 2017

Atlantic salmon populations are declining, and warming river temperatures in the summer months are thought to be a significant contributing factor. We describe the time course of cellular and metabolic responses to an ecologically relevant short-term thermal cycle in juvenile Atlantic salmon. We then examined whether this heat event would affect tolerance to a subsequent heat shock in terms of critical thermal maximum (CTmax). Fish induced heat shock protein 70 in red blood cells, heart, liver, and red and white muscle; whole blood glucose and lactate transiently increased during the heat cycle. In contrast, we observed no significant effect of a prior heat shock on CTmax. The CTmaxwas positively correlated with Fulton’s condition factor suggesting that fish with greater energy reserves are more thermally tolerant. Atlantic salmon activate cellular protection pathways in response to a single thermal cycle and appear to cope with this short-term, ∼1 d heat shock, but this challenge may compromise the ability to cope with subsequent heat events.
The IncomeGini of Fairness
Authors: Flomenbom Ophir 
Published: April 2017

We are in favor of wealth accumulation in a free and democratic nation. Yet, the question is whether the mechanism of wealth accumulation is the same to all the people or are there different mechanisms to different socioeconomic-groups, therefore unfair biases in the nation. Here, we would like to develop ways to quantify and fight there unfair distortions. Utilizing methods from socioecono-physics, we find that in a democratic and a free nation, a fair society is such that the income distribution’s Gini is in the range, 25% and 33%, 34%. (Gini is the departure of the distribution from the “all are equal” distribution). The value, Gini [Formula: see text]%, is indeed the transition from the intermediate stage nation to the corrupt nation, where Gini [Formula: see text] 40% requires that the income distribution is smooth in the top percentiles (rather than a jump like formed). Therefore, the effect of the 0.1% excessive wealth is pivotal to the problem; such nations have Gini values beyond 40%. The wealth distribution’s properties further strengthen these findings.We develop a dynamical model that is emphasizing the difference in the environment of the two camps: the top and the rest, yet find that interactions create a smoother income density.We therefore think that the income distribution’s Gini [Formula: see text]% is the alarm stage, yet the Gini should better follow the middle range of the fair society stage (25% through 33%) rather than the upper bound in that stage, where ways to realize that are elaborated on.
The Windimurra Igneous Complex: an Archean Bushveld?
Authors: Ivanic Timothy J. , Nebel Oliver , Brett John , Murdie Ruth E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The Archean Windimurra Igneous Complex consists of distinct components, including a thick layered series, with a cumulate mineral stratigraphy similar to the zones identified in the well-studied Bushveld Complex, South Africa. The complex is part of the plume-related and laterally extensive 2.81 Ga Meeline Suite, the intrusive component of a large igneous province. It is an anhydrous tholeiitic suite consisting of five layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions 25–85 km in the long dimension. These intrusions host significant V–Ti mineralization in their fractionated, Fe-rich upper zones. Recent mapping, combined with aeromagnetic, gravity and seismic surveys, has provided unparalleled three-dimensional constraints on the largest of these intrusions. The results of three-dimensional modelling show that it is thicker than previously recognized. At
c.
11 km, it is the thickest layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion identified globally and one of the largest such intrusions volumetrically. The mineral zone stratigraphy and many other features associated with this complex share similarities with the
c.
800 myr younger Bushveld Complex. On a large scale, three discordant units are delineated geometrically, providing fundamental constraints on a multi-stage genetic model for magma emplacement. The indication of a thick, subsurface Ultramafic Zone provides a potential target for Ni–Cr–platinum group element mineralization.
miR-202 Diminishes TGFβ Receptors and Attenuates TGFβ1-Induced EMT in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mody Hardik R. , Hung Sau Wai , Pathak Rakesh K. , Griffin Jazmine , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida , Govindarajan Rajgopal 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory identified that 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), a carbocyclic adenosine analog and histone methyl transferase inhibitor, suppresses TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) characteristics. In addition, DZNep epigenetically reprograms miRNAs to regulate endogenous TGFβ1 levels via miR-663/4787-mediated RNA interference (Mol Cancer Res. 2016 Sep 13. pii: molcanres.0083.2016) (1). Although DZNep also attenuates exogenous TGFβ-induced EMT response, the mechanism of this inhibition was unclear. Here, DZNep induced miR-202-5p to target both TGFβ receptors, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, for RNA interference and thereby contributes to the suppression of exogenous TGFβ-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cells. Lentiviral overexpression of miR-202 significantly reduced the protein levels of both TGFβ receptors and suppressed TGFβ signaling and EMT phenotypic characteristics of cultured parenchymal pancreatic cancer cells. Consistently, transfection of anti-miRNAs against miR-202-5p resulted in increased TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 protein expressions and induced EMT characteristics in these cells. In stellate pancreatic cells, miR-202 overexpression slowed growth as well as reduced stromal extracellular membrane matrix protein expression. In orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models, both immunodeficient and immunocompetent, miR-202 reduced tumor burden and metastasis. Together, these findings demonstrate an alternative mechanism of DZNep in suppressing TGFβ signaling at the receptor level and uncover the EMT-suppressing role of miR-202 in pancreatic cancer.
Implications: These findings support the possibility of combining small molecule–based (e.g., DZNep analogs) or large molecule–based (e.g., miRNAs) epigenetic modifiers with conventional nucleoside analogs (e.g., gemcitabine, capecitabine) to improve the antimetastatic potential of current pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 1029–39. ©2017 AACR.
Genera of Belytinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) recorded in the Atlantic Dense Ombrophilous Forest from Paraíba to Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Quadros Alex Leite , Brandão Carlos Roberto F. 
Published: April 2017

The parasitoid wasps Belytinae (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae) recorded thus far in the Atlantic Dense Ombrophilous Forest are reviewed at the supra specific level. The knowledge about the diversity of Belytinae in the Atlantic Forest is relatively poor, although these parasitoids may play a key role in the natural regulation of populations of the Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera). The material used in this study comes mostly from standardized collections in 18 regularly spaced sites, from Paraíba to Santa Catarina Brazilian states, between 2000 and 2002, by the project “Richness and diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest – the eastern Brazilian rain forest” (Biota/SP – FAPESP). At each location ten Malaise traps and a hundred Moericke traps were installed, both along two parallel transects spaced 100 m from each other. Further, a similar effort for the sweeping of vegetation was applied at each locality, being each sweeping sample the result of 5 minutes of sweeping. Traps, and sweeping of vegetation in the summed localities yielded a total of 1,241 Belytinae specimens, of which we recognize 115 morphospecies in eight genera (Aclista, Belyta, Cinetus, Odontopsilus, Scorpioteleia, Lyteba, Tropidopsilus and Camptopsilus). A further belytine genus (Miota), recorded in similar environment, was found at the collection of the Federal University of Espírito Santo and added to the list, totalling nine here keyed genera; for each genus we include a diagnosis, comments and a discussion on its records, distribution and biology; we also provide twenty-two plates with 102 figures (93 photographs and 9 maps).
Molecular identification of six species of Calliphoridae (Diptera) with forensic interest in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Marquez-Acero Angela Sabrina , Vidal-Garcia Juan Manuel , Galindo Luis Francisco Becerra , García Alexander García 
Published: April 2017

Taxonomic identification of the species involved in the processes of cadaveric decomposition is a fundamental procedure in forensic entomological analysis. Among the species involved in the processes of decay, those of the Calliphoridae family are particularly important because they come to the body in the early stages of decomposition. The aim of this research is to identify six species of Calliphoridae (Calliphora nigribasis, Calliphora vicina, Compsomyopsis verena, Sarconesiopsis magellanica, Chrysomia albiceps and Roraimomusca roraima) with forensic interest found in Bogotá. For that, sequences of 599 bp from mitochondrial gene COII wereas obtained. The identification was made by analysis of genetic distances under Jukes-Cantor model. The results showed levels of interspecific distances greater than 3.7%, while intraspecifics levels does not exceed 2.3%. The genetic distances obtained were used to construct a phenogram under the Maximum Likelihood model and the topology of that tree agrees with the current taxonomic organization for the family Calliphoridae family.
Patient–Provider Communication and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Authors: Okunrintemi Victor , Spatz Erica S. , Di Capua Paul , Salami Joseph A. , Valero-Elizondo Javier , Warraich Haider , Virani Salim S. , Blaha Michael J. , Blankstein Ron , Butt Adeel A. , Borden William B. , Dharmarajan Kumar , Ting Henry , Krumholz Harlan M. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Consumer-reported patient–provider communication (PPC) assessed by Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey in ambulatory settings is incorporated as a complementary value metric for patient-centered care of chronic conditions in pay-for-performance programs. In this study, we examine the relationship of PPC with select indicators of patient-centered care in a nationally representative US adult population with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results—
The study population consisted of a nationally representative sample of 6810 individuals (aged ≥18 years), representing 18.3 million adults with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (self-reported or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition diagnosis) reporting a usual source of care in the 2010 to 2013 pooled Medical Expenditure Panel Survey cohort. Participants responded to questions from Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey that assessed PPC, and we developed a weighted PPC composite score using their responses, categorized as 1 (poor), 2 (average), and 3 (optimal). Outcomes of interest were (1) patient-reported outcomes: 12-item Short Form physical/mental health status, (2) quality of care measures: statin and ASA use, (3) healthcare resource utilization: emergency room visits and hospital stays, and (4) total annual and out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients reporting poor versus optimal were over 2-fold more likely to report poor outcomes; 52% and 26% more likely to report that they are not on statin and aspirin, respectively, had a significantly greater utilization of health resources (odds ratio≥2 emergency room visit, 1.41 [95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.81]; odds ratio≥2 hospitalization, 1.36 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.79]), as well as an estimated $1243 ($127–$2359) higher annual healthcare expenditure.

Conclusions—
This study reveals a strong relationship between PPC and patient-reported outcomes, utilization of evidence-based therapies, healthcare resource utilization, and expenditures among those with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Tornado Vortex Structure, Intensity, and Surface Wind Gusts in Large-Eddy Simulations with Fully Developed Turbulence
Authors: Nolan David S. , Dahl Nathan A. , Bryan George H. , Rotunno Richard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A large-eddy simulation (LES) framework with an “eddy injection” technique has been developed that ensures a majority of turbulent kinetic energy in numerically simulated tornado-like vortices is represented by resolved eddies. This framework is used to explore the relationships between environmental forcing mechanisms, surface boundary conditions, and tornado vortex structure, intensity, and wind gusts. Similar to previous LES studies, results show that the maximum time- and azimuthal-mean tangential winds {V}max can be well in excess of the “thermodynamic speed limit,” which is 66 m s−1 for most of the simulations. Specifically, {V}max exceeds this speed by values ranging from 21% for a large, high-swirl vortex to 59% for a small, low-swirl vortex. Budgets of mean and eddy angular and radial momentum are used to show that resolved eddies in the tornado core act to reduce the wind speed at the location of {V}max, although they do transport angular momentum downward into the lowest levels of the boundary layer, increasing low-level swirl.
Three measures of tornado intensity are introduced: maximum time–azimuthal-mean surface (10 m) horizontal wind speed ({S10}max), maximum 3-s gusts of S10 (S10-3s), and maximum vertical 3-s gusts at 10 m (W10-3s). While {S10}max is considerably less than {V}max, transient features in the boundary layer can generate S10-3s in excess of 150 m s−1, and W10-3s in excess of 100 m s−1. For high-swirl vortices, the extreme gusts are confined closer to the center, well inside the radius of maximum azimuthal-mean surface winds. For the low-swirl vortex, both the strongest mean winds and the extreme gusts are restricted to a very narrow core.
Bayesian Wind Speed Estimation Conditioned on Significant Wave Height for GNSS-R Ocean Observations
Authors: Clarizia Maria Paola , Ruf Christopher S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry observations of the ocean surface are found to respond to components of roughness forced by local winds and to a longer wave swell that is only partially correlated with the local wind. This dual sensitivity is largest at low wind speeds. If left uncorrected, the error in wind speeds retrieved from the observations is strongly correlated with the significant wave height (SWH) of the ocean. A Bayesian wind speed estimator is developed to correct for the long-wave sensitivity at low wind speeds. The approach requires a characterization of the joint probability of occurrence of wind speed and SWH, which is derived from archival reanalysis sea-state records. The Bayesian estimator is applied to spaceborne data collected by the Technology Demonstration Satellite-1 (TechDemoSat-1) and is found to provide significant improvement in wind speed retrieval at low winds, relative to a conventional retrieval that does not account for SWH. At higher wind speeds, the wind speed and SWH are more highly correlated and there is much less need for the correction.