bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The saponin D39 blocks dissociation of non‐muscular myosin heavy chain IIA from TNF receptor 2, suppressing tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis
Authors: Zhai Ke‐feng , Zheng Jin‐rong , Tang You‐mei , Li Fang , Lv Yan‐ni , Zhang Yuan‐yuan , Gao Zhen , Qi Jin , Yu Bo‐yang , Kou Jun‐ping 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeNon‐muscular myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC IIA) plays a key role in tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis. Natural products might inhibit thrombosis through effects on NMMHC IIA. Here, we have shown that a natural saponin, D39, from Liriope muscari exerted anti‐thrombotic activity in vivo, by targeting NMMHC IIA.Experimental ApproachExpression and activity of tissue factor in endothelial cells were analysed in vitro by Western blot and simplified chromogenic assays. Interactions between D39 and NMMHC IIA were assessed by serial affinity chromatography and molecular docking analysis. D39‐dependent interactions between NMMHC IIA and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) were measured by immunofluorescence, co‐immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Anti‐thrombotic activity of D39 in vivo was evaluated with a model of inferior vena cava ligation injury in mice.Key ResultsD39 inhibited tissue factor expression and procoagulant activities in HUVECs and decreased thrombus weight in inferior vena cava‐ligated mice dose‐dependently. Serial affinity chromatography and molecular docking analysis suggested that D39 bound to NMMHC IIA. In HEK293T cells, D39 inhibited tissue factor expression evoked by NMMHC IIA overexpression. This effect was blocked by NMMHC IIA knockdown in HUVECs. D39 inhibited dissociation of NMMHC IIA from TNFR2, which subsequently modulated the Akt/GSK3β–NF‐κB signalling pathways.Conclusions and ImplicationsD39 inhibited tissue factor expression and thrombus formation by modulating the Akt/GSK3β and NF‐κB signalling pathways through NMMHC IIA. We identified a new natural product that targeted NMMHC IIA, as a potential treatment for thrombotic disorders and other vasculopathies.
The comparative study of empathy: sympathetic concern and empathic perspective‐taking in non‐human animals
Authors: Pérez‐Manrique Ana , Gomila Antoni 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWhile empathy is a century‐old psychological concept, its study in non‐human animals has become the focus of much recent scientific interest, as it promises to provide the clues to understand the evolutionary origins of our social and moral nature. A review of the comparative study of empathy is thus timely to complement and constrain anthropocentric views, and to integrate current findings. However, this is not an easy task. The study of animal empathy has developed using different paradigms, different concepts of the phenomena involved, and the absence of a systematic program. Herein, we carry out a comprehensive review of the literature on complex forms of empathy in non‐human animals: sympathetic concern and empathic perspective‐taking. In particular, we focus on consolation and targeted helping, as the best examples of each category. In so doing, we try to shed light on the current debate concerning whether these phenomena are exclusively human traits. First, we try to clarify the terminology and taxonomy of forms of empathy, providing operative criteria for these phenomena that are applicable to both human and non‐human animals. Second, we discuss whether the available evidence qualifies such behaviour as empathic. Third, we aim to provide an integrative view of the field, clarifying the challenges and conditions to satisfy. We also hope to highlight the importance of the study of these processes for elucidating the evolutionary history of this capacity across the animal kingdom.
Tobacco smoking and the risk of diverticular disease – a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Aune D. , Sen A. , Leitzmann M. F. , Tonstad S. , Norat T. , Vatten L. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify whether tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of diverticular disease.MethodThe PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of smoking and diverticular disease up to 19 February 2016. Prospective studies that reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diverticular disease associated with current or previous smoking were included. Summary RRs were estimated using a random effects model.ResultsWe identified five prospective studies which comprised 6076 cases of incident diverticular disease (diverticulosis and diverticulitis) among 385 291 participants and three studies with 1118 cases of complications related to diverticular disease (abscess or perforation) among 292 965. The summary RR for incident diverticular disease was 1.36 (95% CI 1.15–1.61, I2 = 84%, n = 4) for current smokers, 1.17 (95% CI 1.05–1.31, I2 = 49%, n = 4) for former smokers and 1.29 (95% CI 1.16–1.44, I2 = 62%, n = 5) for ever smokers. The summary RR was 1.11 (95% CI 0.99–1.25, I2 = 82%, n = 4) per 10 cigarettes per day. Although there was some indication of nonlinearity there was a dose‐dependent positive association with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day. There was some evidence that smoking also increases the risk of complications of diverticular disease, but the number of studies was small.ConclusionThe current meta‐analysis provides evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with an increased incidence of diverticular disease and related complications.
Natural distribution of Verticillium wilt on invasive Ailanthus altissima in eastern Austria and its potential for biocontrol
Authors: Maschek O. , Halmschlager E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAilanthus altissima is a highly invasive tree species that has become established in warmer climatic zones of Europe. Verticillium wilt shows promise for biocontrol of this invasive tree species. In this study, we conducted a survey on the natural distribution of Verticillium species on A. altissima in eastern Austria. Results of a survey, across the range of A. altissima in Austria, indicated a widespread distribution of V. dahliae (56 of 77 sampled sites) and a rare occurrence of V. nonalfalfae (two of 77 sites). All sites positive for Verticillium spp. were situated at 130 m to 240 m above sea level. In addition, pathogenicity and virulence of an Austrian isolate of V. nonalfalfae, which is considered the most effective Verticillium species as biocontrol agent against A. altissima, were tested in field inoculations studies. Results revealed that disease progression on A. altissima is negatively influenced by high temperatures in summer. Therefore, inoculation in spring turned out to be the most effective to combat A. altissima. However, due to the common occurrence of V. dahliae in Austria, this pathogen might be considered as alternative biocontrol agent of A. altissima on sites in warmer climates. For that purpose, further investigations of the host range and non‐target effects of selected V. dahliae strains should be carried out.
Neuropeptide S precursor knockout mice display memory and arousal deficits
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Si Wei , Garau Celia , Jüngling Kay , Pape Hans‐Christian , Schulz Stefan , Reinscheid Rainer K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractActivation of neuropeptide S (NPS) signaling has been found to produce arousal, wakefulness, anxiolytic‐like behaviors, and enhanced memory formation. In order to further study physiological functions of the NPS system, we generated NPS precursor knockout mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. NPS−/− mice were viable, fertile, and anatomically normal, when compared to their wild‐type and heterozygous littermates. The total number of NPS neurons—although no longer synthesizing the peptide – was not affected by the knockout, as analyzed in NPS−/−/NPSEGFP double transgenic mice. Analysis of behavioral phenotypes revealed significant deficits in exploratory activity in NPS−/− mice. NPS precursor knockout mice displayed attenuated arousal in the hole board test, visible as reduced total nose pokes and number of holes inspected, that was not confounded by increased repetitive or stereotypic behavior. Importantly, long‐term memory was significantly impaired in NPS−/− mice in the inhibitory avoidance paradigm. NPS precursor knockout mice displayed mildly increased anxiety‐like behaviors in three different tests measuring responses to stress and novelty. Interestingly, heterozygous littermates often presented behavioral deficits similar to NPS−/− mice or displayed intermediate phenotype. These observations may suggest limited ligand availability in critical neural circuits. Overall, phenotypical changes in NPS−/− mice are similar to those observed in NPS receptor knockout mice and support earlier findings that suggest major functions of the NPS system in arousal, regulation of anxiety and stress, and memory formation.
The geography of spatial synchrony
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Anderson Thomas L. , Kastens Jude H. , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpatial synchrony, defined as correlated temporal fluctuations among populations, is a fundamental feature of population dynamics, but many aspects of synchrony remain poorly understood. Few studies have examined detailed geographical patterns of synchrony; instead most focus on how synchrony declines with increasing linear distance between locations, making the simplifying assumption that distance decay is isotropic. By synthesising and extending prior work, we show how geography of synchrony, a term which we use to refer to detailed spatial variation in patterns of synchrony, can be leveraged to understand ecological processes including identification of drivers of synchrony, a long‐standing challenge. We focus on three main objectives: (1) showing conceptually and theoretically four mechanisms that can generate geographies of synchrony; (2) documenting complex and pronounced geographies of synchrony in two important study systems; and (3) demonstrating a variety of methods capable of revealing the geography of synchrony and, through it, underlying organism ecology. For example, we introduce a new type of network, the synchrony network, the structure of which provides ecological insight. By documenting the importance of geographies of synchrony, advancing conceptual frameworks, and demonstrating powerful methods, we aim to help elevate the geography of synchrony into a mainstream area of study and application.
The Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Migraine in Primary Care
Authors: Becker Werner J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundChronic migraine is common, affecting approximately 1% of the general population, and causes significant disability.ObjectiveTo summarize optimal involvement of primary care physicians in chronic migraine care, and to provide algorithms to assist them in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic migraine.MethodsAn analysis of diagnostic and treatment needs in chronic migraine, based on a synthesis of the medical literature and clinical experience.ResultsChronic migraine represents the more severe end of the migraine spectrum, usually arises out of previous episodic migraine, and is characterized by headache on 15 days a month or more. Importantly, the headache needs to meet migraine diagnostic criteria on only 8 days a month in order to meet chronic migraine diagnostic criteria. When acute medication overuse is present, a second diagnosis of medication overuse headache should be made. If patients meet criteria for chronic migraine, this excludes a diagnosis of chronic tension‐type headache.Acute therapy of chronic migraine is similar to episodic migraine, except that medication overuse is a much greater risk in chronic migraine and must be addressed. All patients should be considered for pharmacological prophylaxis, and the behavioral aspects of therapy should be emphasized. The two prophylactic drugs with the best evidence for efficacy in chronic migraine are topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA. Given the disability caused by chronic migraine, these should both be available to patients as necessary.ConclusionManagement of chronic migraine is complex, and many patients are relatively refractory to therapy. Specialist referral will often be required and should not be unduly delayed. On the other hand, the primary care physician should be able to make the diagnosis, initiate therapy, and manage some less refractory patients without referral. The timing of referral should depend both on the expertise of the primary care physician in headache management and the patient's response to initial therapy.
The kinetics of thermally induced isomerisation of trilinolenin, an improved gas chromatography study
Authors: Jiang Fan , Guo Qin , Li Qingpeng , Jin Jing , Ha Yiming 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe isomerisation reaction kinetics of heated trilinolenin was examined to better understand the mechanisms and controlling steps of the reaction. Trilinolenin was placed in glass ampoules and sealed before heating to 200, 220, 230 and 240 °C for regular time intervals. The contents were analysed using a newly established gas chromatography (GC) method that had been successfully applied to the separation of trans linolenic acid (TLNA) isomers. The kinetic studies show that the consumption of LNA is a second‐order reaction while the formations of trans LNA (TLNA) isomers are zero‐order reactions. The rate of the isomerisation reactions increases steadily with temperature and time, and the isomerisation mechanisms involved in the formation of TLNA isomers during heating are verified. These results suggest that controlling the formation of single TLNA isomers may be a key way to reduce TLNA isomers during heating of edible oils.
Mixed alkaline‐earth effect on the mechanical and rheological properties of Ca–Mg silicate glasses
Authors: Shan Zhitao , Li Changjiu , Tao Haizheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the mixed alkaline‐earth effect in a silicate glass series with varying the molar ratio of [MgO]/([CaO]+[MgO]). This effect manifests itself as a minimum in Vickers microhardness (HV), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and isokom temperatures at 1012(Tg) and 102 Pa·s, and as a maximum in liquid fragility. To probe the structural origin of the mixed alkaline‐earth effect in CTE and Hv, we conducted the Raman measurements. In contrast to the aluminosilicate glasses, the present glass series exhibit a negative deviation of shift of peak position at ~1100 cm−1 from a linear additivity, indicating the role of the aluminum speciation in affecting the vibration modes. By fitting the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamann equation to the high‐temperature viscosity data, we found a near‐linear increase of the fractional free volume with the gradual substitution of Ca by Mg, confirming the dynamic structural mismatch model describing the mixed modifier effect. This work gives insight into the mixed modifier effect in glassy systems.
Potential of betabaculoviruses to control the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)
Authors: Gómez Valderrama J. A. , Barrera G. , López‐Ferber M. , Belaich M. , Ghiringhelli P. D. , Villamizar L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) is a devastating pest, causing losses of up to 100%. An interesting tool for its control is the use of the insect specific viruses of Baculoviridae family. Despite its high potential, its use on T. absoluta larvae has been poorly studied. In this work, Colombian granuloviruses VG013 and VG003 isolated from T. absoluta and Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) larvae sampled in tomato and potato crops, respectively, were morphologically, biologically and molecularly characterized. Occlusion bodies showed ovoid shape containing one nucleocapsid. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed a pattern similar to Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus and bioinformatics studies showed that both isolates are variants of that baculovirus specie. Similar mean lethal concentrations (LC50) on T. absoluta larvae were estimated for both viruses, although VG013 exhibited shorter mean time to death than VG003. The latter reached a higher OBs yield in comparison with VG013. These results demonstrated an interesting potential of evaluated betabaculoviruses to control T. absoluta populations and pointed key features to its use under field conditions.
Total knee replacement: Are there any baseline factors that have influence in patient reported outcomes?
Authors: Escobar A. , García Pérez L. , Herrera‐Espiñeira C. , Aizpuru F. , Sarasqueta C. , Gonzalez Sáenz de Tejada M. , Quintana J.M. , Bilbao A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about what factors influence outcomes after total knee replacement (TKR). The objective is to identify baseline factors that differentiate patients who achieve both, minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and a patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) in pain and function, measured by WOMAC, after TKR from those who do not attain scores above the cutoff in either of these dimensions.MethodsOne‐year prospective multicentre study. Patients completed WOMAC, SF‐12, EQ‐5D, expectations, other joint problems and sociodemographic data while in the waiting list, and 1‐year post‐TKR. Dependent variable was a combination of MCID and PASS in both dimensions (yes/no). Univariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to study how these variables grouped into different factors.ResultsTotal sample comprised 492 patients. Mean (SD) age was 71.3 (6.9), and there were a 69.7% of women. Of the total, 106 patients did not attain either MCID or PASS in either dimension, and 230 exceeded both thresholds in both dimensions. In the univariate analysis, 13 variables were associated with belonging to one group or another. These 13 variables were included in EFA; 3 factors were extracted: expectations, mental health, and other joints problems. The percentage of variance explained by the 3 factors was 80.4%.ConclusionWe have found 2 modifiable baseline factors, expectations and mental health, that should be properly managed by different specialist. Indication of TKR should take into account these modifiable factors for improving outcomes after TKR.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: A case report with radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Ohya Ayumi , Higuchi Kayoko , Shimojo Hisashi , Fujinaga Yasunari , Kadoya Masumi , Shiohara Shigeki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a rare case of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus with radiologic–pathologic correlation in a 56‐year‐old postmenopausal woman. On T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the tumor appeared as a hypointense irregular mass compared with the surrounding myometrium of the uterine corpus and encircled the cavity of the lower uterine segment. On dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR images, the tumor appeared as a hypovascular mass and an inhomogeneously hyperintense mass in the delayed phase. In addition, non‐contrast computed tomography images showed some spotty areas of very high density within the tumor. These radiologic findings were well correlated with the histological features, such as abundant hyalinization and calcification within the tumor. Accurate interpretation of MR and computed tomography findings was helpful to differentiate epithelioid trophoblastic tumor from other gestational trophoblastic diseases and uterine carcinomas.
Is the Linné impact crater morphology influenced by the rheological layering on the Moon's surface? Insights from numerical modeling
Authors: Martellato Elena , Vivaldi Valerio , Massironi Matteo , Cremonese Gabriele , Marzari Francesco , Ninfo Andrea , Haruyama Junichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLinné is a simple crater, with a diameter of 2.23 km and a depth of 0.52 km, located in northwestern Mare Serenitatis. Recent high‐resolution data acquired by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera revealed that the shape of this impact structure is best described by an inverted truncated‐cone. We perform morphometric measurements, including slope and profile curvature, on the Digital Terrain Model of Linné, finding the possible presence of three subtle topographic steps, at the elevation of +20, −100, and −200 m relative to the target surface. The kink at −100 m might be related to the interface between two different rheological layers. Using the iSALE shock physics code, we numerically model the formation of Linné crater to derive hints on the possible impact conditions and target physical properties. In the initial setup, we adopt a basaltic projectile impacting the Moon with a speed of 18 km s−1. For the local surface, we consider either one or two layers, in order to test the influence of material properties or composite rheologies on the final crater morphology. The one‐layer model shows that the largest variations in the crater shape take place when either the cohesion or the friction coefficient is varied. In particular, a cohesion of 10 kPa marks the threshold between conical‐ and parabolic‐shaped craters. The two‐layer model shows that the interface between the two layers would be exposed at the observed depth of 100 m when an intermediate value (~200 m) for the upper fractured layer is set. We have also found that the truncated‐cone morphology of Linné might originate from an incomplete collapse of the crater wall, as the breccia lens remains clustered along the crater walls, while the high‐albedo deposit on the crater floor can be interpreted as a very shallow lens of fallout breccia. The modeling analysis allows us to derive important clues on the impactor size (under the assumption of a vertical impact and collision velocity equal to the mean value), and on the approximate, large‐scale preimpact target properties. Observations suggest that these large‐scale material properties likely include some important smaller scale variations, disclosed as subtle morphological steps in the crater walls. Furthermore, the modeling results allow advancing some hypotheses on the geological evolution of the Mare Serenitatis region where Linné crater is located (unit S14). We suggest that unit S14 has a thickness of at least a few hundreds of meters up to about 400 m.
“Two odd targets” strategy in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease with unilateral levodopa‐induced dystonia
Authors: Sekimoto Satoko , Oyama Genko , Jo Takayuki , Nakajima Asuka , Shimo Yasushi , Nakajima Madoka , Umemura Atsushi , Ito Masanobu , Arai Hajime , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA 49‐year‐old man with Parkinson's disease developed wearing‐off and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia with a dystonic component in the left upper limb. He decided to undergo deep brain stimulation. Asymmetric targets were chosen; for the right side, globus pallidus interna was selected to improve the dystonia in his left upper extremity, and for the left side, the subthalamic nucleus, which had the expected benefit of reducing the patient's medications, was selected. After the surgery, the levodopa‐induced dystonia in his left arm was markedly improved, and the levodopa equivalent dose was reduced by 21.4%. The present case suggests that deep brain stimulation with a different target in the left and right hemisphere could be an effective therapeutic option for patients with asymmetric symptoms.