bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male Infertility and Risk of Cancer
Authors: Rogers Marc , Walsh Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMale infertility is a complex and incompletely understood process that is thought to affect around 10% of the male population. Infertility is a complex interaction between genetics and environmental factors, which is increasingly being recognized as a potential marker of contemporary or future medical disease, including cancer. The best characterized association between infertility and cancer risk is that of testicular germ cell tumor, but increased risk for prostate cancer, melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and others have also been described. Much like infertility, the mechanism behind these associations is not completely understood. Several hypotheses have been put forth including testicular dysgenesis syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities, damaged DNA repair mechanisms, or Y chromosome abnormalities. With the use of advance reproductive techniques, more men are bypassing a male fertility specialist who may be positioned to diagnose or counsel patients regarding these risks.
Perilunate Dislocations and Perilunate Fracture Dislocations in the U.S. Military
Authors: Dunn John , Kusnezov Nicholas , Polfer Elizabeth , Orr Justin , Pirela-Cruz Miguel , Mitchell Justin , Koehler Logan 
Published: June 2017

Background Perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture dislocations (PLDs/PLFDs) are rare and often associated with poor outcomes. Heretofore, these outcomes have not been evaluated in a high-demand military population.
Questions/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in a young, active population after sustaining PLD/PLFD injuries.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the U.S. military service members who underwent surgical treatment for a PLD/PLFD (Current Procedural Terminology codes 25695 and 25685) between June 1, 2010, and June 1, 2014 through the Military Health System Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2) database, capturing patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient characteristics and outcomes were gathered; however, radiographic analysis was not possible.
Results In this study, 40 patients (40 wrists) were included with an average follow-up of 47.8 months. The average age was 28.8 years. Twenty-two injuries (55%) were PLFD and 22 (55%) cases involved the nondominant extremity. On initial presentation, 11 (27.5%) were missed and 50% of patients were presented with acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Range of motion (ROM) was 74% and grip strength was 65% compared with the contralateral wrist; 78% reported pain with activity and only 55% remained on active duty status at final follow-up. Injuries to the nondominant extremity were significantly more likely to experience a good to excellent outcome and regained a more ROM. Patients with ligamentous PLD had less pain at rest and were more likely to return to sport.
Conclusion Worse outcomes can be expected for PLD/PLFD of the dominant extremity, transscaphoid PLFD, greater arc injuries, and those undergoing pinning alone. A high-demand patient may expect worse functional results with a higher degree of limitation postoperatively.
Level of Evidence The level of evidence is therapeutic IV.
Predicting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype Using Multiple Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Breast Cancer Risk and Several Variable Selection Methods
Authors: Häberle Lothar , Hein Alexander , Rübner Matthias , Schneider Michael , Ekici Arif , Gass Paul , Hartmann Arndt , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Beckmann Matthias , Lo Wing-Yee , Schroth Werner , Brauch Hiltrud , Fasching Peter , Wunderle Marius 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction Studies of triple-negative breast cancer have recently been extending the inclusion criteria and incorporating additional molecular markers into the selection criteria, opening up scope for targeted therapies. The screening phases required for studies of this type are often prolonged, since the process of determining the molecular subtype and carrying out additional biomarker assessment is time-consuming. Parameters such as germline genotypes capable of predicting the molecular subtype before it becomes available from pathology might be helpful for treatment planning and optimizing the timing and cost of screening phases. This appears to be feasible, as rapid and low-cost genotyping methods are becoming increasingly available. The aim of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for breast cancer risk capable of predicting triple negativity, in addition to clinical predictors, in breast cancer patients.
Methods This cross-sectional observational study included 1271 women with invasive breast cancer who were treated at a university hospital. A total of 76 validated breast cancer risk SNPs were successfully genotyped. Univariate associations between each SNP and triple negativity were explored using logistic regression analyses. Several variable selection and regression techniques were applied to identify a set of SNPs that together improve the prediction of triple negativity in addition to the clinical predictors of age at diagnosis and body mass index (BMI). The most accurate prediction method was determined by cross-validation.
Results The SNP rs10069690 (TERT, CLPTM1L) was the only significant SNP (corrected p = 0.02) after correction of p values for multiple testing in the univariate analyses. This SNP and three additional SNPs from the genes RAD51B, CCND1, and FGFR2 were selected for prediction of triple negativity. The addition of these SNPs to clinical predictors increased the cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) from 0.618 to 0.625. Age at diagnosis was the strongest predictor, stronger than any genetic characteristics.
Conclusion Prediction of triple-negative breast cancer can be improved if SNPs associated with breast cancer risk are added to a prediction rule based on age at diagnosis and BMI. This finding could be used for prescreening purposes in complex molecular therapy studies for triple-negative breast cancer.
Submucosal fibrosis in achalasia patients is a rare cause of aborted peroral endoscopic myotomy procedures
Authors: Wu Qiu-Ning , Xu Xiao-Yue , Zhang Xiao-Cen , Xu Mei-Dong , Zhang Yi-Qun , Chen Wei-Feng , Cai Ming-Yan , Qin Wen-Zheng , Hu Jian-Wei , Yao Li-Qing , Li Quan-Lin , Zhou Ping-Hong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is now an established treatment for esophageal achalasia. The standard protocol ensures a smooth operation in most patients, but technical challenges and failures exist and little is known about the incidence, causes, and impact of aborted procedures. Here, using a large patient cohort, we attempted to answer these questions.
Methods All patients admitted for planned POEM between August 2010 and July 2015 underwent chart review. Aborted POEM was defined as the inability to finish the procedure after submucosal injection. The cause of the failure, clinical course, management, and follow-up data were analyzed.
Results Thirteen of the 1693 POEMs (0.77 %) were aborted. Out of the 13 failures, 12 (92.3 %) were due to severe submucosal fibrosis, which precluded tunneling, and one (7.7 %) was due to atrial fibrillation related to the electric current of the endoscopic knife. Submucosal fibrosis, prior Heller myotomy, and age ( ≥ 60 years) were related to technical failure, while a disease duration of ≥ 6 years, sigmoid esophagus, mucosal edema, and prior interventions were risk factors for the presence of fibrotic changes. In turn, fibrosis was correlated with a prolonged operation, longer hospital stay, more mucosal injuries, and more major perioperative adverse events. Finally, the yearly frequency of aborted POEMs decreased after the second year as operators became more experienced.
Conclusions Aborted POEM is a rare event and is largely due to the presence of submucosal fibrosis, which not only causes increased procedural difficulties, but also gives rise to major adverse events.
Poor caregiver mental health predicts mortality of patients with neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Lwi Sandy J. , Ford Brett Q. , Casey James J. , Miller Bruce L. , Levenson Robert W. 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceIn this study, we investigated the role that caregiver mental health plays in patient mortality. In 176 patient–caregiver dyads, we found that worse caregiver mental health predicted greater patient mortality even when accounting for key risk factors in patients (i.e., diagnosis, age, sex, dementia severity, and patient mental health). Thus, although providing the best possible care for the large and growing number of individuals with neurodegenerative disease is an important public health priority, our findings suggest that these efforts should also consider caregiver mental health as an important intervention target. These findings represent research at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, and medical science, and highlight the importance of caring for caregivers as well as patients when attempting to improve patients’ lives.
Traces of surfactants can severely limit the drag reduction of superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Peaudecerf François J. , Landel Julien R. , Goldstein Raymond E. , Luzzatto-Fegiz Paolo 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Whereas superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) have long promised large drag reductions, experiments have provided inconsistent results, with many textures yielding little or no benefit. Given the vast potential impact of SHSs on energy utilization, finding an explanation and mitigating strategies is crucially important. A recent hypothesis suggests surfactant-induced Marangoni stresses may be to blame. However, paradoxically, adding surfactants has a barely measurable effect, casting doubt on this hypothesis. By performing surfactant-laden simulations and unsteady experiments we demonstrate the impact of surfactants and how extremely low concentrations, unavoidable in practice, can increase drag up to complete immobilization of the air–liquid interface. Our approach can be used to test other SHS textures for sensitivity to surfactant-induced stresses.
Local thermal energy as a structural indicator in glasses
Authors: Zylberg Jacques , Lerner Edan , Bar-Sinai Yohai , Bouchbinder Eran 
Published: June 2017

Significance
When liquids are cooled sufficiently fast, they fail to crystalize and form disordered solids—glasses. Understanding the physical properties of glasses remains a major challenge, in large part because of the lack of tools to characterize the emerging disordered structures and well-established structure–properties relations. In this work, we propose that fluctuational thermal energy reveals highly localized and soft structures in glasses. We show that the degree of softness of these “soft spots” follows a universal fat-tailed statistical distribution and relate it to the density of noncrystalline vibrational states. The softest spots are shown to predict the loci of irreversible plastic rearrangements in sheared glasses, thus offering a generic structure–properties approach to glassy materials.
System-wide organization of actin cytoskeleton determines organelle transport in hypocotyl plant cells
Authors: Breuer David , Nowak Jacqueline , Ivakov Alexander , Somssich Marc , Persson Staffan , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: June 2017

Significance
In the crowded interior of a cell, diffusion alone is insufficient to master varying transport requirements for cell sustenance and growth. The dynamic actin cytoskeleton is an essential cellular component that provides transport and cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells, but little is known about its system-level organization. Here, we resolve key challenges in understanding system-level actin-based transport. We present an automated image-based, network-driven framework that accurately incorporates both actin cytoskeleton and organelle trafficking. We demonstrate that actin cytoskeleton network properties support efficient transport in both growing and elongated hypocotyl cells. We show that organelle transport can be predicted from the system-wide cellular organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Our framework can be readily applied to investigate cytoskeleton-based transport in other organisms.
Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results
Authors: Kallenbach A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of

I

p

=
0.8

MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD).
The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen

E

N

⩾
10

have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.
Bayesian local extremum splines
Authors: Wheeler M W , Dunson D B , Herring A H 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe consider shape-restricted nonparametric regression on a closed set $\mathcal{X} \subset \mathbb{R},$ where it is reasonable to assume that the function has no more than $H$ local extrema interior to $\mathcal{X}$. Following a Bayesian approach we develop a nonparametric prior over a novel class of local extremum splines. This approach is shown to be consistent when modelling any continuously differentiable function within the class considered, and we use itto develop methods for testing hypotheses on the shape of the curve. Sampling algorithms are developed, and the method is applied in simulation studies and data examples where the shape of the curve is of interest.
A New Score to Predict the Risk of Hearing Impairment After Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm
Authors: El Damaty Ahmed , Rosenstengel Christian , Matthes Marc , Baldauf Joerg , Dziemba Oliver , Hosemann Werner , Schroeder Henry W S 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intraoperative monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) has been implemented to reduce the risk of hearing impairment during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate intraoperative monitoring of BAEPs during microvascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasm for predicting the risk of hearing impairment after surgery.

METHODS
This prospective study included 100 patients. BAEPs were recorded for all patients. We established a scoring system for the changes in wave I amplitude, I-III interpeak latency, and wave V amplitude and latency. For each change, total points were calculated, and a score out of 6 was assigned to every patient. We classified the patients based on the points scored into 3 risk groups: low-risk (0-3), medium-risk (4-5), and high-risk (6). Further, the correlation between the score and the hearing outcome was evaluated to detect the incidence and degree of hearing impairment.

RESULTS
Eighty-seven patients scored 0 to 3, 10 scored 4 to 5, and 3 scored 6. The degree of hearing impairment was proportionate to the score recorded at the end of surgery, and patients in the low-risk group showed no impairment; medium-risk group, deterioration of maximum 2 grades according to World Health Organization classification of hearing impairment; and high-risk group, deterioration of 3 to 4 grades.

CONCLUSION
Intraoperative monitoring of BAEPs evaluated through our scoring system was valuable in predicting hearing impairment after surgery.
Motor Evoked Potentials Correlate With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Early Recovery After Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Dhall Sanjay S , Haefeli Jenny , Talbott Jason F , Ferguson Adam R , Readdy William J , Bresnahan Jacqueline C , Beattie Michael S , Pan Jonathan Z , Manley Geoffrey T , Whetstone William D 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While the utilization of neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring with motor evoked potentials (MEPs) has become widespread in surgery for traumatic spine fractures and spinal cord injury (SCI), clinical validation of its diagnostic and therapeutic benefit has been limited.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the use of intraoperative MEP at a large level I trauma center and assess the prognostic capability of this technology.

METHODS
The SCI REDCap database at our institution, a level I trauma center, was queried for acute cervical SCI patients who underwent surgery with intraoperative monitoring between 2005 and 2011, yielding 32 patients. Of these, 23 patients had severe SCI (association impairment scale [AIS] A, B, C). We assessed preoperative and postoperative SCI severity (AIS grade), surgical data, use of steroids, and early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (preoperatively in 27 patients), including axial T2 MRI grade (Brain and Spinal Injury Center score).

RESULTS
The presence of MEPs significantly predicted AIS at discharge (P< .001). In the group of severe SCI (ie, AIS A, B, C) patients with elicitable MEPs, AIS improved by an average of 1.5 grades (median = 1), as compared to the patients without elicitable MEP who improved on average 0.5 grades (median = 0, P< .05). In addition, axial MRI grade significantly correlated with MEP status. Patients without MEPs had a significantly higher axial MRI grade in comparison to the patients with MEPs (P< .001).

CONCLUSION
In patients with severe SCI, MEPs predicted neurological improvement and correlated with axial MRI grade. These significant findings warrant future prospective studies of MEPs as a prognostic tool in SCI.
Phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Gephyrocharax (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with remarks on the tribe Stevardiini
Authors: Vanegas-Ríos James A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStevardiinae, which consists of 326 species and 44 genera, is a monophyletic subfamily within the family Characidae. In a recent classification of the subfamily, the tribe Stevardiini was expanded from three (Corynopoma, Gephyrocharax and Pterobrycon) to six genera by the addition of Chrysobrycon, Hysteronotus and Pseudocorynopoma. However, no morphological evidence has supported this definition of the tribe and the monophyly of Gephyrocharax. To address these issues, a phylogenetic study of most stevardiins focusing on Gephyrocharax was conducted. A data matrix including 532 characters and 213 taxa (73 stevardiines, 19 of which were stevardiins) was processed using maximum parsimony in TNT 1.5. All characters were analysed under extended implied weighting, exploring 21 k values. A strict consensus (comprising the most stables trees obtained) was used as the final topology. The results support the current definition of Stevardiini, as well as the monophyly of Chrysobrycon, Gephyrocharax and Pterobrycon. Corynopoma was obtained as the sister group of Gephyrocharax, the latter being phylogenetically diagnosed by two synapomorphies associated with caudal-fin morphology of adult males. The following interspecific relationships within Gephyrocharax are hypothesised: (G. martae ((G. chocoensis (G. major (G. atracaudatus, G. intermedius))) (G. venezuelae (G. sinuensis (G. valencia (G. caucanus (G. melanocheir, G. torresi)))))))).
PAs
Authors: Carter Reginald D. , Ballweg Ruth 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
From the very beginning, popular media has played an essential role in driving public awareness and recognition of physician assistants (PAs) as major contributors to healthcare. But for PAs, popular media can be a double-edged sword. Over time, the roles of PAs have evolved from bit players to leading characters on television medical dramas. Even so, on some occasions, the roles of PAs have been marginalized and misrepresented. In the future, the PA profession will need to remain vigilant about how PAs are portrayed in the popular media and must learn how to use the full benefit of the media to promote the profession's diversity, flexibility, collegiality, and civic-mindedness.
The Modified Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Authors: Denteneer Lenie , Van Daele Ulrike , Truijen Steven , De Hertogh Willem , Meirte Jill , Deckers Kristiaan , Stassijns Gaetane 
Published: June 2017

Study design.
Cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The goal of this study is to translate the English version of the Modified Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MDQ) into a Dutch version and investigate its clinimetric properties for patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Summary of Background Data.
Fritz et al (2001) developed a modified version of the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODI) to assess functional status and named it the MDQ. In this version, a question regarding employment and homemaking ability was substituted for the question related to sex life. Good clinimetric properties for the MDQ were identified but up until now it is not clear whether the clinimetric properties of the MDQ would change if it was translated into a Dutch version.

Methods.
Translation of the MDQ into Dutch was done in 4 steps. Test-retest reliability was investigated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model. Validity was calculated using Pearson correlations and a 2-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. Finally, responsiveness was calculated with the area under the curve (AUC), minimal detectable change (MDC), and the standardized response mean (SRM).

Results.
A total of 80 completed questionnaires were collected in 3 different hospitals and a total of 43 patients finished a 9 weeks intervention period, completing the retest. Test-retest reliability was excellent with an ICC of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.95). To confirm the convergent validity, the MDQ answered all predefined hypothesises (r = −0.65–0.69/P = 0.01–0.00) and good results for construct validity were found (P = 0.02). The MDQ had an AUC of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–0.81), an MDC of 8.80 points, and a SRM of 0.65.

Conclusion.
The Dutch version of the MDQ shows good clinimetric properties and is shown to be usable in the assessment of the functional status of Dutch-speaking patients with nonspecific CLBP.

Level of Evidence: 3