bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Halide Perovskite Transistors for Printed Electronics: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Lin Yen‐Hung , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFollowing the unprecedented rise in photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies during the past five years, metal‐halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as a new and highly promising class of solar‐energy materials. Their extraordinary electrical and optical properties combined with the abundance of the raw materials, the simplicity of synthetic routes, and processing versatility make MHPs ideal for cost‐efficient, large‐volume manufacturing of a plethora of optoelectronic devices that span far beyond photovoltaics. Herein looks beyond current applications in the field of energy, to the area of large‐area electronics using MHPs as the semiconductor material. A comprehensive overview of the relevant fundamental material properties of MHPs, including crystal structure, electronic states, and charge transport, is provided first. Thereafter, recent demonstrations of MHP‐based thin‐film transistors and their application in logic circuits, as well as bi‐functional devices such as light‐sensing and light‐emitting transistors, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the area of MHPs‐based electronics, with particular emphasis on manufacturing, stability, and health and environmental concerns, are highlighted.
Methoden der C‐H‐Funktionalisierung für den Wasserstoffisotopenaustausch
Authors: Atzrodt Jens , Derdau Volker , Kerr William J. , Reid Marc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDie vielfältigen Anwendungen der Wasserstoffisotope (Deuterium, D, und Tritium, T) in den physikalischen und Biowissenschaften erfordern unterschiedliche Methoden für deren Einführung in verschiedenste molekulare Architekturen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die neuesten Fortschritte bei der synthetischen C‐H‐Funktionalisierung für den Wasserstoffisotopenaustausch.
Development of electrochemical noninvasive glucose nanobiosensor using antioxidants as a novel mediator
Authors: Poursadeghian Sepideh , Rabiee Mohammad , Moshayedi Hamid Reza , Karimi Meysam , Tahriri Mohammadreza , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, and millions of people die from its related disorders each year; thus, people with diabetes have to control the level of blood glucose frequently. In the last decade, the noninvasive biosensors have been considered to track glucose level without finger pricking. In this research, the glucose biosensor was developed using a new formulation containing hydroxylmethoxyphenyl derivation as a novel mediator that was extracted from a natural source. The mediator characterization was performed by means of thin‐layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the electrochemical activity of the prepared biosensor was evaluated by Autolab potentiostate machine. Scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed a flat surface on the modified electrode that is crucial in electron conduction equivalence. The cyclic voltammetry examination ascertained the irreversible oxidative reaction of phenolic mediator that leads the biosensor system to more electron formation. The obtained results demonstrated that antioxidants could improve the electron forming and also it could enhance the current signal. Finally, response time could be controlled by variation in polyvinyl alcohol concentration.
Einfluss realer Materialeigenschaften auf numerische Modellvorhersagen: Fallstudie Betonmast
Authors: Göbel Luise , Mucha Felix , Kavrakov Igor , Abrahamczyk Lars , Kraus Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDie Modellbildung zu der Berechnung von Tragwerken ist eine wichtige Aufgabe im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau. Die Prognosen eines Modells hängen stets von getroffenen Annahmen und Vereinfachungen ab, weshalb die Abschätzung der notwendigen Detailliertheit bei der Modellentwicklung häufig im Mittelpunkt steht. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Fragestellung, wie stark sich die Approximation des Strukturverhaltens durch ein numerisches Modell verbessern lässt, wenn die theoretischen Eingangsparameter der Normen und Richtlinien durch Parameter hoher Genauigkeit ersetzt werden.Als Anwendungsbeispiel dient ein 10 m langer vorgespannter Betonmast. Im Zuge der Herstellung des Masts mittels Schleuderverfahren kann es zu Unregelmäßigkeiten in den Querschnittsabmessungen und Materialeigenschaften kommen. In dieser Studie wird der Einfluss realer Geometrie‐ und Materialparameter, die in umfassenden Laborversuchen ermittelt wurden, auf die Antwort eines numerischen Modells untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden die damit gewonnenen Modellvorhersagen experimentell ermittelten Antwortgrößen bezüglich des Mastschwingungsverhaltens gegenübergestellt, sodass die Sensitivität der Modellantwort auf die Variation verschiedener Eingangsparameter herausgestellt wird. Des Weiteren kann die Frage beantwortet werden, welche Anforderungen an die Modelleingangsparameter gestellt werden sollten, um hinreichend genaue Vorhersagen über das Strukturverhalten des Masts zu erzielen.
Maternal Use of Weight Loss Products and the Risk of Neural Tube Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Agopian A.J. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundSeveral studies have assessed potential associations between use of weight loss products in the periconceptional period and neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the individual studies are inconclusive and there has not been a systematic review of this literature.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search, using Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed, to identify studies that evaluated the association between products used for weight loss and the risk of NTDs. Because many studies of birth defects only evaluate a composite birth defect outcome, we evaluated studies that defined the outcome as “any major birth defect” or as NTDs. We abstracted data on study design, exposure definition, outcome definition, covariates and effect size estimates from each article that met our inclusion criteria. For studies that evaluated a composite birth defect outcome, we also abstracted the number of NTD cases included in the composite outcome. We used a modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of each article.ResultsWe screened 865 citations and identified nine articles that met our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported positive associations between maternal use of weight loss products and birth defects (overall and NTDs). However, there were few significant associations and there was considerable heterogeneity in the specific exposures assessed across the nine studies.ConclusionOur systematic review of weight loss products and NTDs indicates that the literature on this topic is sparse. Because several studies reported modest, positive associations between risk and use of weight loss products, additional studies are warranted. Birth Defects Research 110:48–55, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Throughput Feasible Screening Tool for Determining Enzyme Stabilities against Organic Solvents Directly from Crude Extracts
Authors: Wedde Severin , Kleusch Christian , Bakonyi Daniel , Gröger Harald 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBiotransformations in organic chemistry frequently suffer from limitations caused by low water‐solubility of substrates and product inhibition. Both, usually are addressed by the addition of organic cosolvents, which often accompanies at the expense of enzyme stability. A common method for measuring enzyme stability is to determine the melting temperature (Tm) of the enzyme. However, current methods are limited to the application of purified enzymes. Herein, for the first time, an easy and fast (<1 h) high‐throughput feasible method to determine enzyme stabilities directly from crude extracts is reported. In pure buffer, the Tm value measured in the crude extract was identical to that obtained for the purified enzyme. Through the addition of different organic compounds, the Tm values in the crude extract differed by up to 2.4 °C from that of the purified enzymes due to the presence of the host‐cell proteins. Thus, the measurement of enzyme stabilities in crude extracts appears to represent conditions in whole‐cell catalysts even better. The applied nano differential scanning fluorimetry technology is further proven to be suitable for whole‐cell catalysts with two overexpressed enzymes; thus representing a tool for the rapid screening of natural and mutant enzyme libraries in terms of process stability for challenging biotransformations.
Acute basophilic leukemia associated with the t(16;21)(p11;q22)/FUS‐ERG fusion gene
Authors: Toda Yusuke , Nagai Yuya , Shimomura Daiki , Kishimori Chiyuki , Tsuda Katsuyo , Fukutsuka Katsuhiro , Hayashida Masahiko , Ohno Hitoshi 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe herein report a rare case of acute basophilic leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22) generating the FUS‐ERG fusion gene. The basophilic nature of leukemia blasts was demonstrated by cytomorphology, toluidine blue metachromasia, mature basophil‐associated antigen expression, and characteristic granules under electron microscopy. The molecular link between t(16;21)/FUS‐ERG and basophilic differentiation remains unclear.
Categorization of Abuse Potential–Related Adverse Events
Authors: Sellers Edward M. , Romach Myroslava K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAll drugs with central nervous system activity must undergo an assessment of their abuse potential, and these data must be included in a New Drug Application. Part of this assessment is an analysis of treatment‐emergent adverse events that occur during clinical development. Using an iterative consensus strategy, we evaluated and grouped an available list of 213 flag terms for abuse potential from the Food and Drug Administration, into categories and assessed the relevance of the terms to primary abuse behavior. Consequences of abuse (28%) were most common, followed by diagnoses (19%), altered thoughts (18%), cognitive effects (10%), stimulation/anxiety (9%), central nervous system depression (9%), and mood elevation (1%). The vast majority of abuse potential–related terms reflects treatment‐emergent adverse events, not behaviorally motivating features to abuse a drug. Almost 30% of terms are related to altered perception or altered cognition. These are serious consequences in the context of abusable psychoactive drugs. Only 20% of terms were rated as definitely or probably reflecting intrinsic behavioral reinforcing potential, and 30% were assessed as having weak predictive utility. Sponsors need to have an explicit strategy for collecting, interpreting, and analyzing abuse‐related adverse event information completely and accurately.
Optimal operator deployment and replication for elastic distributed data stream processing
Authors: Cardellini Valeria , Lo Presti Francesco , Nardelli Matteo , Russo Russo Gabriele 
Published: October 2017

SummaryProcessing data in a timely manner, data stream processing (DSP) applications are receiving an increasing interest for building new pervasive services. Due to the unpredictability of data sources, these applications often operate in dynamic environments; therefore, they require the ability to elastically scale in response to workload variations. In this paper, we deal with a key problem for the effective runtime management of a DSP application in geo‐distributed environments: We investigate the placement and replication decisions while considering the application and resource heterogeneity and the migration overhead, so to select the optimal adaptation strategy that can minimize migration costs while satisfying the application quality of service (QoS) requirements. We present elastic DSP replication and placement (EDRP), a unified framework for the QoS‐aware initial deployment and runtime elasticity management of DSP applications. In EDRP, the deployment and runtime decisions are driven by the solution of a suitable integer linear programming problem, whose objective function captures the relative importance between QoS goals and reconfiguration costs. We also present the implementation of EDRP and the related mechanisms on Apache Storm. We conduct a thorough experimental evaluation, both numerical and prototype‐based, that shows the benefits achieved by EDRP on the application performance.
Effect of Water Addition during Preparation on the Early‐Time Photodynamics of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Layers
Authors: Aphrham S. , Pan Q. , Zaccarine S. F. , Felter K. M. , Thieme J. , van den Nieuwenhuijzen K. J. H. , ten Elshof J. E. , Huijser A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe effect of water addition during preparation of a CH3NH3PbI3 layer on the photodynamics is studied by femtosecond transient absorption. Both the regular perovskite and the aqueous analogue show charge thermalisation on a timescale of about 500 fs. This process is, however, less pronounced in the latter layer. The spectral feature associated with hot charges does not fully decay on this timescale, but also shows a long‐lived (sub‐ns) component. As water molecules may interfere with the hydrogen bonding between the CH3NH3+ cations and the inorganic cage, this effect is possibly caused by immobilisation of cation motion, suggesting a key role of CH3NH3+ dipole reorientation in charge thermalisation. This effect shows the possibility of controlling hot charge carrier cooling to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit.
Effects of Gold Colloids on the Photosensitization Efficiency of Silica Particles Doped with Protoporphyrin IX
Authors: Zampini Giulia , Tarpani Luigi , Massaro Giuseppina , Gambucci Marta , Nicoziani Andrea , Latterini Loredana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhotodynamic treatments represent a non‐invasive tool to intervene in the cell cycle, only when needed, but high excitation power is an important limitation. In this work, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is covalently anchored to the surface of silica particles. The hybrid colloids are prepared with different photosensitizer loadings and characterized by TEM, SEM‐EDX and spectroscopic methods. The visible excitation of the colloidal samples generates reactive oxygen species, which are quantified by use of a specific chemical scavenger agent (1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran). The determined efficiencies depend on the PpIX loading, being higher in the sample where the aggregation is reduced. To enhance further the photosensitizing performance of silica‐PpIX samples, increasing amounts of gold nanoparticles are conjugated to the silica surface in order to exploit the antenna effect of plasmonic nanostructures. The visible excitation of silica‐PpIX systems in the presence of gold nanoparticles results in a faster and more efficient photoinduced formation of ROS species reaching a 230 % enhancement of ROS photosensitization when 1013 Au nanoparticles mL−1 (corresponding to circa 75 ppm of gold) are present. The efficiency data are discussed in terms of plasmonic enhancement of the excitation field.
Two‐Electron Oxidation of Water Through One‐Photon Excitation of Aluminium Porphyrins: Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Key Intermediates
Authors: Mathew Siby , Kuttassery Fazalurahman , Remello Sebastian Nybin , Thomas Arun , Yamamoto Daisuke , Onuki Satomi , Nabetani Yu , Tachibana Hiroshi , Inoue Haruo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of photochemical water oxidation catalyzed by AlIII porphyrins (AlTIIIMPyP(OH)2) covalently adsorbed through the coordination of one axial OH group on the surface of TiO2 particles was investigated by time‐resolved nanosecond laser flash photolysis (NLFP). Three types of transient species with completely different absorption and decay characteristics were detected by means of NFLP, demonstrating that the photochemical production of H2O2 from water is initiated only by one‐photon excitation of the catalyst followed by stepwise two‐electron conversion processes, providing a promising model for photochemical water oxidation. Laser flash excitation of AlIIITMPyP adsorbed on a transparent TiO2 film leads to the formation of the AlTMPyP(OH) radical cation through one‐electron injection from the excited singlet state of the catalyst to the conduction band of TiO2. The radical cation is subsequently deprotonated into AlTMPyP(O.), which further reacts with OH−/H2O to form a key intermediate, the radical anion of AlTMPyP(O‐OH), having a characteristic O−O bond at the axial position within a delay time of 2–3 μs. Thereafter the radical anion efficiently transfers a second electron to TiO2 leading to the formation of AlTIIIMPyP(O‐OH) (≈67 μs), which reacts further with OH−/H2O to liberate free hydrogen peroxide as an end‐product with regeneration of the starting catalyst, AlTIIIMPyP(OH), (≈500 μs).
Zirconium Propoxide: A Coupling Agent for the Synthesis of Multifunctional Photoinitiators
Authors: Zhou Junyi , Allonas Xavier , Liu Xiaoxuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA commercial photoinitiator, 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropiophenone (PI‐1173), was employed to synthesize a novel multifunctional photoinitiator (MPI) via ligand substitution of zirconium propoxide in the absence of any catalyst. With different feed ratios of the reactant, trifunctional and tetrafunctional zirconium‐based photoinitiators were obtained. The photoinitiation properties of the MPIs were evaluated by real‐time FTIR of the UV‐curing formulation, which shows that the photoinitiation ability of MPIs were comparable to PI‐1173. Three different levels of final conversion were achieved with varied concentrations of MPIs. The residual‐free PIs in cured samples were also measured by extraction of chloromethane. The results showed that the multifunctional structures of MPIs are more immobilized in the cross‐linked networks than the parent molecule.
Electrochemical Behavior of Pyridinium and N‐Methyl Pyridinium Cations in Aqueous Electrolytes for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Lebègue Estelle , Agullo Julia , Bélanger Daniel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of aqueous pyridinium and N‐methyl pyridinium ions is investigated in the absence and presence of CO2 and electrolysis reaction products on glassy carbon, Au, and Pt electrodes are studied. Unlike pyridinium, N‐methyl pyridinium is not electroactive at the Pt electrode. The electrochemical reduction of the two pyridine derivatives was found to be irreversible on glassy carbon. These results confirmed the essential role of the N−H bond of the pyridinium cation. In contrast, the electrochemical response of N‐methyl pyridinium ion at the glassy carbon electrode suggests that a specific interaction occurs between the glassy carbon surface and the aromatic ring of the pyridinium derivative. For all electrodes, an enhancement of current was observed in the presence of CO2. However, NMR spectroscopy of the solutions following electrolysis showed no formation of methanol or other possible byproducts of the reduction of CO2 in the presence of either pyridinium derivative ion.
Geographic variation in hybridization across a reinforcement contact zone of chorus frogs (Pseudacris)
Authors: Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReinforcement contact zones, which are secondary contact zones where species are diverging in reproductive behaviors due to selection against hybridization, represent natural laboratories for studying speciation‐in‐action. Here, we examined replicate localities across the entire reinforcement contact zone between North American chorus frogsPseudacris feriarumandP. nigritato investigate geographic variation in hybridization frequencies and to assess whether reinforcement may have contributed to increased genetic divergence within species. Previous work indicated these species have undergone reproductive character displacement (RCD) in male acoustic signals and female preferences due to reinforcement. We also examined acoustic signal variation across the contact zone to assess whether signal characteristics reliably predict hybrid index and to elucidate whether the degree ofRCDpredicts hybridization rate. Using microsatellites, mitochondrial sequences, and acoustic signal information from >1,000 individuals across >50 localities and ten sympatric focal regions, we demonstrate: (1) hybridization occurs and (2) varies substantially across the geographic range of the contact zone, (3) hybridization is asymmetric and in the direction predicted from observed patterns of asymmetricRCD, (4) in one species, genetic distance is higher between conspecific localities where one or both have been reinforced than between nonreinforced localities, after controlling for geographic distance, (5) acoustic signal characters strongly predict hybrid index, and (6) the degree ofRCDdoes not strongly predict admixture levels. By showing that hybridization occurs in all sympatric localities, this study provides the fifth and final line of evidence that reproductive character displacement is due to reinforcement in the chorus frog contact zone. Furthermore, this work suggests that the dual action of cascade reinforcement and partial geographic isolation is promoting genetic diversification within one of the reinforced species.
Using multiple data types and integrated population models to improve our knowledge of apex predator population dynamics
Authors: Bled Florent , Belant Jerrold L. , Van Daele Lawrence J. , Svoboda Nathan , Gustine David , Hilderbrand Grant , Barnes Victor G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCurrent management of large carnivores is informed using a variety of parameters, methods, and metrics; however, these data are typically considered independently. Sharing information among data types based on the underlying ecological, and recognizing observation biases, can improve estimation of individual and global parameters. We present a general integrated population model (IPM), specifically designed for brown bears (Ursus arctos), using three common data types for bear (U. spp.) populations: repeated counts, capture–mark–recapture, and litter size. We considered factors affecting ecological and observation processes for these data. We assessed the practicality of this approach on a simulated population and compared estimates from our model to values used for simulation and results from count data only. We then present a practical application of this general approach adapted to the constraints of a case study using historical data available for brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA. The IPM provided more accurate and precise estimates than models accounting for repeated count data only, with credible intervals including the true population 94% and 5% of the time, respectively. For the Kodiak population, we estimated annual average litter size (within one year after birth) to vary between 0.45 [95% credible interval: 0.43; 0.55] and 1.59 [1.55; 1.82]. We detected a positive relationship between salmon availability and adult survival, with survival probabilities greater for females than males. Survival probabilities increased from cubs to yearlings to dependent young ≥2 years old and decreased with litter size. Linking multiple information sources based on ecological and observation mechanisms can provide more accurate and precise estimates, to better inform management. IPMs can also reduce data collection efforts by sharing information among agencies and management units. Our approach responds to an increasing need in bear populations’ management and can be readily adapted to other large carnivores.