bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing basic resource needs to improve primary care quality: a community collaboration programme
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A , Hulberg A Catherine , Hong Clemens , Stowell Brian J , Tirozzi Karen J , Traore Carine Y , Atlas Steven J 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundUnmet basic resource needs, such as difficulty affording healthcare, medications, food and housing, may contribute to worse healthcare quality indicators, but interventions are hampered by lack of specific knowledge regarding the distribution of unmet basic resource needs and their association with priority clinical conditions and health service use patterns.MethodsCross-sectional study of primary care patients in two urban academic practices from 1 October 2013 to 30 April 2014. Patients were screened for unmet needs and enrolled in a programme to link them with community resources. Key measures included patient report of unmet basic resource needs, clinical conditions prioritised by quality improvement programmes (hypertension, diabetes and depression), and health service use patterns such as frequent emergency department (ED) visits (>2 in the preceding year) and frequent clinic ‘no-shows’ (>1 in the preceding year).Results416 patients with unmet needs were included, and compared with 2750 patients who did not report needs. The most common types of needs reported were: difficulties affording healthcare (46.5%), food (40.1%) and utilities (36.3%). Patients who reported unmet needs were more likely to have depression (17.8% vs 9.5%, p<0.0001), diabetes (32.7% vs 20.4%, p<0.0001), hypertension (54.3% vs 46.3%, p=0.002), be frequent ED users (11.3% vs 5.4%, p<0.0001), and have frequent ‘no-shows’ to clinic (21.6% vs 11.9%, p<0.0001).ConclusionsDifficulty affording healthcare and food are particularly common needs among patients with priority conditions. Strategies to identify and address unmet needs as part of routine care may be an important way to improve healthcare quality.
A comparison of formalin and GEWF in fixation of colorectal carcinoma specimens: rates of lymph node retrieval and effect on TNM staging
Authors: Horne Joanne , Carr Norman J , Bateman Adrian C , Kandala Ngianga , Adams Jody , Silva Sónia , Ryder Isobel 
Published: December 2015

AimsThe Royal College of Pathologists recommend that a median of at least 12 lymph nodes should be harvested during pathological staging of colorectal cancer. It is not always easy to harvest the required number, especially in patients with rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Lymph node revealing solutions, for example, GEWF, may improve nodal yield. GEWF is safe, cheap and easy to use.MethodsIn a controlled trial, lymph node yields were compared after secondary specimen dissection following either 24 h of further fixation in formalin (n=101) or GEWF immersion (n=99). The number, size and tumour status of additional lymph nodes identified were compared between groups. Twenty-seven cases that received long-course neoadjuvant therapy were also assessed.ResultsMedian lymph node yield at primary dissection met national standards overall (19) but also in the long-course neoadjuvant therapy group (13). Lymph nodes were smaller in neoadjuvant cases compared with non-neoadjuvant cases (mean size range 1.3–5.6 mm vs 1.5–8.9 mm). The use of further fixation and GEWF detected more nodes at secondary dissection. The mean number of additional nodes harvested was greater with formalin (8.3) than GEWF (7.3). There was no significant difference in the mean size of the additional lymph nodes detected between groups (point estimate 1.02; 95% CI −0.58 to 2.63; p=0.211). Upstaging triggering adjunct chemotherapy occurred in 1% (2/200) of cases.ConclusionsThe routine use of adjunct techniques to identify additional lymph nodes is unnecessary with underlying high-quality dissection practice. Emphasis should be placed upon education and training, spending appropriate time dissecting and ensuring specimens are sufficiently fixed beforehand.
Reduction in diarrhoeal rates through interventions that prevent unnecessary antibiotic exposure early in life in an observational birth cohort
Authors: Rogawski Elizabeth T , Meshnick Steven R , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Adair Linda S , Sandler Robert S , Sarkar Rajiv , Kattula Deepthi , Ward Honorine D , Kang Gagandeep , Westreich Daniel J 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundAntibiotic treatment early in life is often not needed and has been associated with increased rates of subsequent diarrhoea. We estimated the impact of realistic interventions, which would prevent unnecessary antibiotic exposures before 6 months of age, on reducing childhood diarrhoeal rates.MethodsIn data from a prospective observational cohort study conducted in Vellore, India, we used the parametric g-formula to model diarrhoeal incidence rate differences contrasting the observed incidence of diarrhoea to the incidence expected under hypothetical interventions. The interventions prevented unnecessary antibiotic treatments for non-bloody diarrhoea, vomiting and upper respiratory infections before 6 months of age. We also modelled targeted interventions, in which unnecessary antibiotic use was prevented only among children who had already stopped exclusive breast feeding.ResultsMore than half of all antibiotic exposures before 6 months (58.9%) were likely unnecessary. The incidence rate difference associated with removing unnecessary antibiotic use before 6 months of age was −0.28 (95% CI −0.46 to −0.08) episodes per 30 child-months. This implies that preventing unnecessary antibiotic exposures in just 4 children would reduce the incidence of diarrhoea by 1 from 6 months to 3 years of age.ConclusionsInterventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use among young children could result in an important reduction in diarrhoeal rates. This work provides an example application of statistical methods which can further the aim of presenting epidemiological findings that are relevant to public health practice.
Integration of family planning with maternal health services: an opportunity to increase postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Achyut Pranita , Mishra Anurag , Montana Livia , Sengupta Ranajit , Calhoun Lisa M , Nanda Priya 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundMaternal health (MH) services provide an invaluable opportunity to inform and educate women about family planning (FP). It is expected that this would enable women to choose an appropriate method and initiate contraception early in the postpartum period. In this study we examined interactions with health providers for MH services, and the effect of FP information provision during these interactions on the postpartum use of modern contraceptive methods.MethodsThis study used midline data collected from 990 women who had delivered a live birth between January 2010 and the date of the midline survey in 2012. These women were asked a series of questions about their last delivery, including interactions with health providers during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period, if they received FP information during these interactions, and their contraceptive use during the postpartum period.ResultsThe study found that FP information provision as part of antenatal care in the third trimester, delivery and the postpartum period have a positive association with postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh. However, health providers often miss these opportunities. Despite a high proportion of women coming into contact with health providers when utilising MH services, only a small proportion received FP information during these interactions.ConclusionsIntegration of FP with MH services can increase postpartum modern contraceptive use. With the launch of the National Urban Health Mission, there now exists appropriate policy and programmatic environments for integration of FP and MH services in urban settings in India. However, this will require a concentrated effort both to enhance the capacity of health providers and encourage supportive supervision.
Effect of catheter ablation on quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation and its correlation with arrhythmia outcome
Authors: Raine Daniel , Langley Philip , Shepherd Ewen , Lord Stephen , Murray Stephen , Murray Alan , Bourke John P 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of catheter ablation on atrial fibrillation (AF) symptoms and quality of life (QoL).MethodsPatients with AF scheduled for ablation were recruited. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was performed and complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE)±linear ablation undertaken in patients in AF despite PVI. QoL and AF symptoms were assessed using SF-36 V2 and Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life (AFEQT) questionnaires before and 3 months after ablation. Change in QoL scores after ablation was correlated with clinical parameters and the extent of ablation. Magnitude of QoL change was compared between AFEQT and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores and correlated with arrhythmia outcome.Results80 patients were studied. Summative and individual health scores for both AFEQT (51.5±22.0 vs 81.3±18.2; p<0.01) and SF-36 (PCS 43.3±10.5 vs 47.9±11.3; p<0.01 and MCS 45.0±11.5 vs 51.5±9.4; p<0.01) improved significantly in patients who maintained sinus rhythm after ablation, but not in those with recurrent AF. Improvement in AFEQT (25.4±19) was significantly greater than change in PCS (6.8±6.4; p<0.01) and MCS (8.5±7.9; p<0.01) scores and correlated more closely with arrhythmia outcome (AFEQT r=0.55; PCS r=0.26; MCS r=0.30).ConclusionsPatients who maintained sinus rhythm after ablation had a significant improvement in AF symptoms and QoL; however, no improvement was observed in patients with recurrent AF. QoL change after ablation did not correlate with baseline clinical parameters or ablation strategy. AF specific QoL scales are more responsive to change and correlate better with ablation outcome.
Imaging assessment of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Currie Stuart , Saleem Nayyar , Straiton John A , Macmullen-Price Jeremy , Warren Daniel J , Craven Ian J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes injury that occurs to the brain as a result of trauma. It should be appreciated as a heterogeneous, dynamic pathophysiological process that starts from the moment of impact and continues over time with sequelae potentially seen many years after the initial event. Primary traumatic brain lesions that may occur at the moment of impact include contusions, haematomas, parenchymal fractures and diffuse axonal injury. The presence of extra-axial intracranial lesions such as epidural and subdural haematomas and subarachnoid haemorrhage must be anticipated as they may contribute greatly to secondary brain insult by provoking brain herniation syndromes, cranial nerve deficits, oedema and ischaemia and infarction. Imaging is fundamental to the management of patients with TBI. CT remains the imaging modality of choice for initial assessment due to its ease of access, rapid acquisition and for its sensitivity for detection of acute haemorrhagic lesions for surgical intervention. MRI is typically reserved for the detection of lesions that may explain clinical symptoms that remain unresolved despite initial CT. This is especially apparent in the setting of diffuse axonal injury, which is poorly discerned on CT. Use of particular MRI sequences may increase the sensitivity of detecting such lesions: diffusion-weighted imaging defining acute infarction, susceptibility-weighted imaging affording exquisite data on microhaemorrhage. Additional advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI may provide important information regarding coexistent structural and functional brain damage. Gaining robust prognostic information for patients following TBI remains a challenge. Advanced MRI sequences are showing potential for biomarkers of disease, but this largely remains at the research level. Various global collaborative research groups have been established in an effort to combine imaging data with clinical and epidemiological information to provide much needed evidence for improvement in the characterisation and classification of TBI and in the identity of the most effective clinical care for this patient cohort. However, analysis of collaborative imaging data is challenging: the diverse spectrum of image acquisition and postprocessing limits reproducibility, and there is a requirement for a robust quality assurance initiative. Future clinical use of advanced neuroimaging should ensure standardised approaches to image acquisition and analysis, which can be used at the individual level, with the expectation that future neuroimaging advances, personalised to the patient, may improve prognostic accuracy and facilitate the development of new therapies.
Melting properties of Pt and its transport coefficients in liquid states under high pressures
Authors: Wang Pan-Pan , Shao Ju-Xiang , Cao Qi-Long 
Published: December 2015

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the melting and transport properties in liquid states of platinum for the pressure range (50–200 GPa) are reported. The melting curve of platinum is consistent with previous ab initio MD simulation results and the first-principles melting curve. Calculated results for the pressure dependence of fusion entropy and fusion volume show that the fusion entropy and the fusion volume decrease with increasing pressure, and the ratio of the fusion volume to fusion entropy roughly reproduces the melting slope, which has a moderate decrease along the melting line. The Arrhenius law well describes the temperature dependence of self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity under high pressure, and the diffusion activation energy decreases with increasing pressure, while the viscosity activation energy increases with increasing pressure. In addition, the entropy-scaling law, proposed by Rosenfeld under ambient pressure, still holds well for liquid Pt under high pressure conditions.
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND THERMAL DAMAGE OF PERIPHERAL TISSUE IN HUMAN LIMBS DURING HEAT STRESS: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors: AIJAZ MIR , KHANDAY M. A. 
Published: December 2015

The physiological processes taking place in human body are disturbed by the abnormal changes in climate. The changes in environmental temperature are not effective only to compete with thermal stability of the system but also in the development of thermal injuries at the skin surfaces. Therefore, it is of great importance to estimate the temperature distribution and thermal damage in human peripherals at extreme temperatures. In this paper, the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue were modeled as uniform elements with distinct thermal properties. The bioheat equation with appropriate boundary conditions has been used to estimate the temperature profiles at the nodal points of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with variable ambient heat and metabolic activities. The model has been solved by variational finite element method and the results of the changes in temperature distribution of the body and the damage to the exposed living tissues has been interpreted graphically in relation with various atmospheric temperatures and rate of metabolic heat generation. By involving the metabolic heat generation term in bioheat equation and using the finite element approach the results obtained in this paper are more reasonable and appropriate than the results developed by Moritz and Henriques, Diller and Hayes, and Jiang et al.
Effect of Crystal Size and Ag Concentration on the Thermoluminescent Response of Pure and Ag-Doped LiF Cubes
Authors: Vallejo Miguel A. , Sosa Modesto A. , Rivera Esteban , Azorín Juan C. , Bernal Jesús , Navarro Ricardo , Encarnación Emma K. , Díaz-Torres Luis A. 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the co-precipitation method was used to synthesize pure and Ag-doped LiF crystals and the effect of crystalline cube sizes and Ag concentration on the thermoluminescent (TL) response is reported. The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their morphology and size distributions were determined. Crystal sizes were found to be strongly dependent on the ethanol:water ratio, varying from 4.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 150[Formula: see text]nm for pure LiF crystals. For Ag-doped samples, the best ethanol:water ratio was found to be 9:1, giving crystals from 0.50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 1.21[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. A single cubic crystalline phase was determined by XRD for all synthesized samples. The photoluminescence spectra as well as UV-Vis absorbance were also analyzed. The TL response to X-ray irradiation was studied for an exposition of 43[Formula: see text]R. Two effects were observed in the TL response. The first concerns with a significant dependence of the TL intensity on the size of the crystals, being larger for the smallest crystals for pure LiF, and second, for Ag-doped samples the TL intensity augmented almost linearly with the Ag concentration.
Serum Immunoregulatory Proteins as Predictors of Overall Survival of Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab
Authors: Koguchi Yoshinobu , Hoen Helena M. , Bambina Shelly A. , Rynning Michael D. , Fuerstenberg Richard K. , Curti Brendan D. , Urba Walter J. , Milburn Christina , Bahjat Frances Rena , Korman Alan J. , Bahjat Keith S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Treatment with ipilimumab improves overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Because ipilimumab targets T lymphocytes and not the tumor itself, efficacy may be uniquely sensitive to immunomodulatory factors present at the time of treatment. We analyzed serum from patients with metastatic melanoma (247 of 273, 90.4%) randomly assigned to receive ipilimumab or gp100 peptide vaccine. We quantified candidate biomarkers at baseline and assessed the association of each using multivariate analyses. Results were confirmed in an independent cohort of similar patients (48 of 52, 92.3%) treated with ipilimumab. After controlling for baseline covariates, elevated chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) and soluble MHC class I polypeptide–related chain A (sMICA) were associated with poor OS in ipilimumab-treated patients [log10 CXCL11: HR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–3.12; P = 0.014; and log10 sMICA quadratic effect P = 0.066; sMICA (≥ 247 vs. 247): HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.02–3.01]. Multivariate analysis of an independent ipilimumab-treated cohort confirmed the association between log10 CXCL11 and OS (HR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.13–8.95; P = 0.029), whereas sMICA was less strongly associated with OS [log10 sMICA quadratic effect P = 0.16; sMICA (≥247 vs. 247): HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.67–3.27]. High baseline CXCL11 and sMICA were associated with poor OS in patients with metastatic melanoma after ipilimumab treatment but not vaccine treatment. Thus, pretreatment CXCL11 and sMICA may represent predictors of survival benefit after ipilimumab treatment as well as therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 75(23); 5084–92. ©2015 AACR.
Conflito social, meio ambiente e sistema de justiça: notas sobre o novo papel do Ministério Público brasileiro na defesa de interesses difusos
Authors: Maciel Débora Alves 
Published: December 2015

O artigo discute o novo papel do Ministério Público brasileiro na defesa dos interesses difusos, destacando os dilemas entre o pressuposto da universalidade normativa do interesse ambiental na sociedade e o quadro de estratificação social. Trata-se de problematizar o processamento formalista das disputas, baseado na operação judicial típica de subsunção do fato norma, tendo em vista os vrios significados que as demandas de "proteção ambiental" podem adquirir em contextos específicos de conflitos.
O caso do portão: análise de um conflito violento entre trabalhadores pobres
Authors: Garcez Antônio Roberto Bonato 
Published: December 2015

<p><em> </em>Pela análise de um processo de homicídio, cujos personagens são trabalhadores pobres urbanos, o artigo pretende demonstrar que os conflitos e eventos violentos cotidianos desses trabalhadores surgem de diferentes dinâmicas societárias, envolvendo a cooperação, a competição, a estrutura de sentimentos existente entre eles. Propõe-se, portanto , diferenciar os fenômenos da violência e do crime, superando, porém , a dificuldade que se apresenta ao olhar sociológico em considerar como "crimes" eventos semelhantes aos relatados pelo processo analisado. A razão disso é que eles conformam um tipo especifico de conflito violento por estarem contidos no interior de relacionamentos relevantes na sociabilidade cotidiana das classes trabalhadoras urbanas, assim como se referem aos modo s de vida desses trabalhadores. Busca-se, desse modo, "compreender" a violência relatada nos autos como momentos radicais da "luta" daqueles trabalhadores.</p>
Indivíduo, razão e moral: uma análise comparativa de Habermas e Durkheim
Authors: Weiss Raquel Andrade 
Published: December 2015

<p>Meu objetivo neste artigo é analisar de forma comparada a noção de indivíduo concebida por Émile Durkheim e Jürgen Habermas. Ambos entendem o indivíduo como um ser moral, contudo, conforme procurarei evidenciar, há diferenças substantivas no entendimento do que seja a moral enquanto um processo de formação social desse indivíduo. Tais diferenças serão exploradas especialmente em três aspectos, quais sejam: 1) a relação entre indivíduo e moral; 2) a ideia de razão; 3) a ideia de liberdade ou autonomia. </p>
Construção de subjetividades no teatro: uma análise antropológica
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Rangel 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artigo analisa algumas formas de construção de subjetividades em uma escola de teatro. Questões como a qualificação de alguns como “talentosos”, o hedonismo da profissão e a proposta pedagógica de desconstrução corporal são analisadas a partir dos relatos de campo. Ao final, é desenvolvida uma leitura dessas vivências a partir da ideia de um cuidado de si e do conceito de romantismo. </p>
Sete personagens lobatianas à procura da nação
Authors: Santos Elisângela Da Silva 
Published: December 2015

<p>Neste texto tentamos observar a posição de Monteiro Lobato sobre os rumos que a nação brasileira deveria seguir para ter características modernas e desenvolvidas durante a primeira metade do século XX, momento em que o autor destina sua produção literária ao público infantil, e que consolidou como a série literária intitulada O Sítio do Pica-pau Amarelo. Neste trabalho enfocaremos a participação ativa das seguintes personagens: Dona Benta, Narizinho, Pedrinho, Emília, tia Nastácia, tio Barnabé e o Sabugo de Milho Visconde, na consolidação de propostas ao longo da narrativa. Pretendemos buscar elementos de um pensamento social brasileiro contido nestes textos infantis pois, segundo nossa leitura, há nos livros analisados – O Poço do Visconde (1936), Serões de Dona Benta (1937), Reinações de Narizinho (1932) e Histórias de Tia Nastácia (1937) – uma ideia ou um projeto de nação, pouco reconhecido como tal no debate daqueles anos e no pensamento social brasileiro. </p>