bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Video Sequences of the Microcirculation: A Comparison Between Automated Analysis Using Analysis Manager and Manual Analysis Using Capillary Mapper
Authors: Müller‐Graf Fabian , Wrede Dominik , Bork Lena , Klinkmann Gerd , Flick Moritz , Reuter Daniel A. , Zitzmann Amelie R. , Böhm Stephan H. , Reuter Susanne 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveMicrocirculatory disturbances can contribute to organ dysfunction in patients undergoing major surgeries and critical illness. Incident dark field imaging (CytoCam, Braedius Medical BV, Huizen, Netherlands) provides direct visualization of the microcirculation. To utilize this method in daily clinical practice, automated image analysis is essential. This study aims to compare the automated analysis of recorded microcirculation video sequences using CytoCamTools V2 Analysis Manager (Braedius Medical BV) with established manual analysis using Capillary Mapper (Version 1.4.5, University Hospital Münster, Germany) as reference method.MethodsSublingual microcirculation video sequences were recorded in patients undergoing laparotomy at four time points (before surgery, 2 and 6 h after surgery, and on the first postoperative day) using incident dark field imaging. Agreement between automated and manual analysis of total vessel density (TVD), perfused vessel density (PVD), and proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) was compared using intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland–Altman method.ResultsA total of 336 videos from 30 patients were analyzed. The ICC between the two measurement methods was 0.13 for TVD, 0.14 for PVD, and 0.16 for PPV. Bland–Altman analysis showed mean differences (95% limits of agreement) of 10.46 mm/mm2 (−1.73–22.65 mm/mm2) for TVD, 8.25 mm/mm2 (−9.88–26.39 mm/mm2) for PVD, and − 3.96% (−59.58%–51.65%) for PPV.DiscussionAutomated microcirculatory analysis using the Analysis Manager did not show clinically acceptable agreement with manual analysis using Capillary Mapper. Consequently, automated video analysis using the Analysis Manager does not appear to be a suitable approach.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: DRKS00020264
The role of endothelin receptor antagonists in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Hunter‐Dickson Mitchell , Wong Muh Geot 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is growing evidence of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in renoprotection in proteinuric kidney disease including IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Here, we review current evidence, including the use of sparsentan, atrasentan and zibotentan in IgAN. Recent trails of combination therapy including SGLT2 inhibitors and ERAs suggest possible benefit in further reduction of proteinuria and reducing ERA fluid‐retention side effects although more evidence is needed for clinical applications.
Plant virus community structuring is shaped by habitat heterogeneity and traits for host plant resource utilisation
Authors: McLeish Michael , Peláez Adrián , Pagán Israel , Gavilán Rosario G. , Fraile Aurora , García‐Arenal Fernando 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Host plants provide resources critical to viruses and the spatial structuring of plant communities affects the niches available for colonisation and disease emergence. However, large gaps remain in the understanding of mechanisms that govern plant‐virus disease ecology across heterogeneous plant assemblages.

We combine high‐throughput sequencing, network, and metacommunity approaches to test whether habitat heterogeneity in plant community composition corresponded with virus resource utilisation traits of transmission mode and host range.

A majority of viruses exhibited habitat specificity, with communities connected by key generalist viruses and potential host reservoirs. There was an association between habitat heterogeneity and virus community structuring, and between virus community structuring and resource utilisation traits of host range and transmission. The relationship between virus species distributions and virus trait responses to habitat heterogeneity was scale‐dependent, being stronger at finer (site) than larger (habitat) spatial scales.

Results indicate that habitat heterogeneity has a part in plant virus community assembly, and virus community structuring corresponds to virus trait responses that vary with the scale of observation. Distinctions in virus communities caused by plant resource compartmentalisation can be used to track trait responses of viruses to hosts important in forecasting disease emergence.
Frequency‐of‐seeing curves (psychometric functions) for perimetric stimuli in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Denniss Jonathan , Baggaley Helen C. , Astle Andrew T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeFrequency‐of‐seeing (FoS) curves (psychometric functions) for perimetric stimuli have been widely used in computer simulations of new visual field test procedures. FoS curves for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) are not available in the literature and are needed for the development of improved microperimetry test procedures, which are of particular interest for use as clinical trial endpoints.MethodsData were refitted from a previous study to generate FoS curves for 20 participants with AMD, each tested at nine locations within the central 10°. Stimulus parameters, background luminance and dB scale were matched to the MAIA‐2 microperimeter, and stimuli were presented in a method of constant stimuli to build up FoS curves over multiple runs. FoS curves were fitted with a modified cumulative Gaussian function. The relationship between sensitivity and slope of fitted FoS curves was modelled by robust linear regression, producing models both with and without an eccentricity parameter.ResultsFoS curves were satisfactorily fitted to data from 174 visual field locations in 20 participants (age 65–83 years, 11 female). Each curve was made up of a median of 243 (range 177–297) stimulus presentations over a median of 12 (range 9–32) levels. Median sensitivity was 25.5 dB (range 3.8–31.4 dB). The median slope (SD of fitted function) was 1.6 dB (range 0.5–8.5 dB). As in previous studies of other conditions, the slope of fitted FoS curves increased as sensitivity decreased (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFoS are provided for participants with AMD, as well as models of the relationship between sensitivity and slope. These fitted models and data may be useful for computer simulation studies of microperimetry procedures. Full details of the fitted curves are provided as supporting information.
Links between mutations in functionally separate arms of mitochondrial complex I and responses to volatile anesthetics
Authors: Scharenbrock Amanda R. , Borchardt Luke A. , Olufs Zachariah P. G. , Wassarman David A. , Perouansky Misha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with mitochondrial defects, especially those in Complex I of the electron transport chain, exhibit behavioral hypersensitivity and toxicity to volatile anesthetics. In Drosophila melanogaster, mutation of ND23 (NDUFS8 in mammals), which encodes a subunit of the matrix arm of Complex I, sensitizes flies to toxicity from isoflurane but not an equipotent dose of sevoflurane. Also, in ND23 flies, both anesthetics activate expression of stress response genes, but to different extents. Here, we investigated the generality of these findings by examining flies mutant for ND2 (ND2 in mammals), which encodes a subunit of the membrane arm of Complex I.MethodsThe serial anesthesia array was used to expose ND2del1 and ND2360114 flies to precise doses of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and oxygen. Behavioral sensitivity was assessed by a climbing assay and toxicity by percent mortality within 24 h of exposure. Changes in expression were determined by qRT‐PCR of RNA isolated from heads at 0.5 h after anesthetic exposure.ResultsUnlike ND2360114, ND2del1 did not affect behavioral sensitivity to isoflurane or sevoflurane. Furthermore, sevoflurane in hyperoxia as well as anoxia caused mortality of ND2del1 but not ND2360114 flies. Finally, the mutations had different effects on induction of stress response gene expression by the anesthetics.ConclusionMutations in different arms of Complex I resulted in different behavioral sensitivities and toxicities to isoflurane and sevoflurane, indicating that (i) the anesthetics have mechanisms of action that involve arms of Complex I to different extents and (ii) the lack of behavioral hypersensitivity does not preclude susceptibility to anesthetic toxicity.
Reading Groups as a Health‐Promoting Intervention in Upper Secondary Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fjelldal Sunniva Solhaug , Clancy Anne , Auklend Morten , Laholt Hilde 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore public health nurses’ (PHN) perceptions and experiences of supporting siblings of children with complex care needs (CCNs) by using reading groups as a health promotion intervention in upper secondary schools.DesignAn action research approach using a qualitative design.SampleInterviews with 10 PHNs.MeasurementsThematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in the overarching theme “A much needed health promotion intervention in upper secondary schools,” presented in terms of the following three themes: (1) supporting siblings is important, but resources and established procedures are lacking. (2) Reading groups using fiction have potential as a health‐promoting intervention in upper secondary schools. (3) A realistic collaborative approach is necessary for reading groups to be implemented.ConclusionPHNs have no established procedures to support siblings of children with CCNs in upper secondary schools. Reading groups can enable PHNs to reach out and support these siblings. Providing the intervention can be a way of reaching all pupils and thus creating an understanding of the plight of siblings who have a brother or sister with CCNs.
α‐costic acid, the main sesquiterpenoid isolated from Dittrichia viscosa (L) Greuter, induces oxidative stress and autophagy in tomato
Authors: Zanotti C. , Vurro M. , Evidente A. , Marra M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, a perennial plant in the Asteraceae, has strong allelopathic activity due to the high content of various secondary metabolites. The bicyclic sesquiterpenoid α‐costic acid is the most abundant secondary metabolite of D. viscosa. Its remarkable insecticidal, antiparasitic, and phytotoxic activities point to its potential use as a natural herbicide, but information on its mode of action is lacking.
To shed light on the mechanism of action of α‐costic acid in plant cells, we investigated the phytotoxicity of α‐costic acid in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) through in vivo assays, the underlying cellular effects using biochemical assays, and the effect on subcellular organelles using confocal microscopy on tomato protoplasts incubated with organelle‐specific fluorescent probes.
In vivo tests showed that α‐costic acid inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings and induced chlorosis and spot lesions in leaves. Biochemical assays demonstrated that α‐costic acid caused ion leakage, chlorophyll depletion, H2O2 overproduction, callose deposition, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that α‐costic acid determined ROS overproduction and network disruption in mitochondria, singlet oxygen overproduction in chloroplasts, vacuole disintegration, and autophagosome formation.
Overall, our data are consistent with a model according to which α‐costic acid phytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress in mitochondria and chloroplasts that induces extensive membrane damage, ultimately resulting in cell death associated with autophagy
Image‐based crop disease detection using machine learning
Authors: Dolatabadian Aria , Neik Ting Xiang , Danilevicz Monica F. , Upadhyaya Shriprabha R. , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCrop disease detection is important due to its significant impact on agricultural productivity and global food security. Traditional disease detection methods often rely on labour‐intensive field surveys and manual inspection, which are time‐consuming and prone to human error. In recent years, the advent of imaging technologies coupled with machine learning (ML) algorithms has offered a promising solution to this problem, enabling rapid and accurate identification of crop diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of image‐based techniques in detecting various crop diseases, showcasing their ability to capture subtle visual cues indicative of pathogen infection or physiological stress. However, the field is rapidly evolving, with advancements in sensor technology, data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms continually expanding the capabilities of these systems. This review paper consolidates the existing literature on image‐based crop disease detection using ML, providing a comprehensive overview of cutting‐edge techniques and methodologies. Synthesizing findings from diverse studies offers insights into the effectiveness of different imaging platforms, contextual data integration and the applicability of ML algorithms across various crop types and environmental conditions. The importance of this review lies in its ability to bridge the gap between research and practice, offering valuable guidance to researchers and agricultural practitioners.
Phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis of Verticillium longisporum strains from European and Canadian oilseed rape fields
Authors: Vega‐Marin Marta , Obermeier Christian , Koopmann Birger , Zheng Xiaorong , Snowdon Rod , von Tiedemann Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVerticillium longisporum is a vascular fungal pathogen of oilseed rape (OSR) that causes Verticillium stem striping. The pathogen segregates into three lineages originating from at least three hybridization events between four different Verticillium genomes, leading to the hybrid lineages A1/D1, A1/D2 and A1/D3. Although A1/D1 is considered the most relevant lineage in OSR, extensive studies addressing the geographical spread and phylogenetic relationships of Verticillium lineages are lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and relatedness of V. longisporum isolates from European and Canadian OSR fields were analysed. Based on genotyping by sequencing, genetic subgroups were identified and assigned to geographic origins and pathogenic traits. To assess the agronomic importance of different lineages, representative isolates were tested for pathogenicity and aggressiveness on OSR under greenhouse conditions. This study confirms that A1/D1 is the prevalent and most aggressive lineage of V. longisporum in European and Canadian OSR fields. Genetic clusters within the A1/D1 lineage were weakly correlated with geographic origin, but not with aggressiveness on winter OSR. Isolates from the United Kingdom, Latvia and Canada occurred only in a single and distinct subclade, indicating a more recent introduction, whereas isolates from locations where the disease has been known for a long time (France, Germany, Poland, Sweden) were less uniform and could be assigned to several subclades. Our results indicate that Verticillium stem striping in the United Kingdom, Latvia and Canada may have derived from separate and different single introductions of the pathogen in the recent past.
Proton Gradient Regulation 5 determines reserve partitioning between starch and lipids in C. reinhardtii
Authors: Saint‐Sorny Maureen , Dimitriades Alexandra , Delrue Florian , Johnson Xenie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNutrient deprivation induces reserve accumulation in unicellular algae. An absence of nitrogen in the growth media results in the reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus and triggers an increase in starch and triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation in different algal species. Here we study the integration of photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms with carbon partitioning under N stress in C. reinhardtii. The mutant, proton gradient regulation 5 (pgr5) is impaired in photosynthetic cyclic electron flow resulting in low chloroplastic ATP/NADPH ratios. Over a time course, under both mixotrophic and phototrophic conditions, the pgr5 mutant did not accumulate starch in the first three days, but rather degraded its meagre reserves. In contrast, there was a high TAG content in the pgr5 mutant which we show, is not linked to a selective increase in autophagy in pgr5. In all strains, proteins involved in alternative electron pathways are upregulated while Photosystem II and chlorophyll are strongly degraded; pgr5 only preferentially preserved some cyt b6f complex. Our results show that low ATP/NADPH ratios due to an absence of cyclic electron flow in pgr5 result in the mobilization of starch and strong TAG accumulation from the onset of N stress in Chlamydomonas.
Sexual choking/strangulation and its association with condom and contraceptive use: Findings from a survey of students at a university in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Herbenick Debby , Fu Tsung‐Chieh , Patterson Perry Callie , Guerra‐Reyes Lucia , Eastman‐Mueller Heather , Svetina Valdivia Dubravka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionConsensual sexual choking has become prevalent among young United States (US) adults. In sex between women and men, women are overwhelmingly the ones choked, perhaps reproducing traditional heteronormative power dynamics. No research has examined the relationship between being choked during consensual sex and the use of external condoms and other contraceptives.MethodsWe administered a cross‐sectional campus‐representative survey to 4989 undergraduate students at a large public Midwestern US university.ResultsHalf of respondents (n = 1803) had ever been choked during sex. Having been choked was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of event‐level condom use (OR = 0.32 [0.19, 0.54] for >5 times lifetime choking among men and OR = 0.35 [0.27, 0.45] for >5 times lifetime choking among women compared to those with no choking experiences) and in the past 6 months (OR = 0.42 [0.24, 0.72] for >5 times lifetime choking among men and OR = 0.59 [0.43, 0.81] for >5 times lifetime choking among women compared to those with no choking experiences). Also, having ever been choked was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of having used an implant/intra‐uterine device in the past 6 months (OR = 1.85 [1.28, 2.68] for >5 times lifetime choking compared to those with no choking experiences).ConclusionRecognition that sexual choking is prevalent among young people has only recently emerged and educational programs are lacking. Study findings could be used to engage people in discussions about choking in relation to gender, power, and reproductive health agency.
Thyroid Dysfunction and Alopecia Areata: A Genetic Prediction Causality Analysis Study
Authors: Zhao Yue , Guo Furong , Guo Mengyue 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundObservational studies have suggested a correlation between alopecia areata (AA) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). However, the causal relationship between AA and TD remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between these two conditions. Understanding the potential causal relationship between AA and TD is valuable for elucidating the pathogenesis of AA and for designing innovative methods to prevent and treat AA and its related complications.MethodsAll data for this two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study were sourced from public databases. This study selected hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis, and Graves' disease as exposure factors, with AA as the outcome variable. Data for hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and AA were obtained from related genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Various MR analysis methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, and weighted median were utilized. Additionally, Cochrane's Q test was used to detect heterogeneity in MR results, and the MR‐Egger intercept test and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) test were used to detect horizontal pleiotropy. A leave‐one‐out analysis was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of this association.ResultsWe found statistically significant genetic predictions of AA with hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and subacute thyroiditis (IVW OR = 1.4009815, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1210399–1.750829; p = 0.003030698, OR = 1.396101, 95% CI: 1.030134–1.89208; p = 0.03144273, OR = 0.732702, 95% CI: 0.604812–0.887634; p = 0.001483368). Furthermore, tests for pleiotropy showed no evidence of pleiotropy, enhancing the credibility of the study results. Finally, the leave‐one‐out test demonstrated the stability and robustness of this association.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence of a potential genetic link between thyroid issues and AA. By employing the two‐sample MR method to eliminate confounding factors and reverse causation, unbiased results were obtained, confirming a causal relationship between hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and AA. This lays the foundation for further mechanistic studies and potential clinical applications. Future research should further explore the specific biological mechanisms between TD and the onset of AA.
Integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of Ilex hylonoma provide insights into the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis
Authors: Feng Landi , Yao Yingjun , Kang Minghui , Yang Wengjie , Han Yu , Liu Wei , Li Xiaonan , Li Na , Hu Yongqi , Liu Jianquan , Hu Quanjun 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYIlex is known for its rich content of secondary metabolites, particularly triterpenoid saponins. These compounds hold significant value in natural remedies and herbal medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for triterpenoid biosynthesis in plants of this genus remain largely unexplored. In this study, we successfully generated the first chromosome‐scale genome of Ilex hylonoma. The assembly, comprising 20 anchored chromosomes, has an N50 contig size of 2.13 Mb and a scaffold size of 33.68 Mb. Comparative genome analyses with two other congeners with available chromosome‐level genomes suggested that an end‐to‐end chromosome fusion event likely contributed to the reduction in chromosome number from n = 20 to n = 19 within this genus. By integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we identified the gene expression patterns and metabolite profiles of I. hylonoma across three commonly utilized medicinal tissues. We subsequently pinpointed candidate genes involved in the regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, including CYP450 genes, UGT genes, and associated transcription factors. Furthermore, yeast heterologous expression analysis revealed that ihyl08363 catalyzed the conversion of β‐amyrin into oleanolic acid, while ihyl04303 catalyzed the C‐2α hydroxylation of oleanolic acid to produce maslinic acid. This integrated analysis provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis of important triterpenoid saponins in medicinal Ilex plants.