bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the digital gray zone of online medicinal markets emerging from search
Authors: Söderström Kristofer Rolf , Sundin Olof 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis explorative study investigates the emergence of gray zone markets from search engines amidst the global expansion of online markets. With the analytical approach of infrastructural inversion, we examine how the search infrastructure constructs access to a gray zone market including both authorized online pharmacies and unauthorized vendors. Using Sweden and Google Search as a case, we explore the online presence of three products (vitamin D, paracetamol, and Viagra), through search engine result page analysis, web crawling, and network analysis. Infrastructural inversion unveils the typically invisible mechanisms of search engines, considering user queries, algorithmic priorities, SEO practices, and pharmacy regulations. We find gray zones only emerge in searches for erectile disfunction medicinal products and information, where unauthorized vendors successfully competed for visibility in search engine rankings. A complex web of conditions can steer consumers toward gray zone markets, complicating the access to safe and regulated medicinal products. This can expose individuals to risks associated with unverified medicinal products, but also challenges the integrity of the online health information infrastructure.
Non‐Aqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Shu , Yu Haohan , Fu Zerui , Liu Dapeng , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLi‐O2 batteries (LOBs) have become a research hotspot of energy storage devices because of its high theoretical energy density. Practical applications require that non‐aqueous LOBs can deliver stable and high reversible capacity, which heavily depends on the appropriate electrolyte system. Therefore, it is very important to select electrolytes that are hard to decompose and conducive to modulating the growth kinetics of discharge products. Herein, we will review the current progress and challenges of non‐aqueous liquid electrolytes for LOBs by analyzing the influence factors on electrolyte stability and introducing the design and modification methods of electrolytes with different solvent types. At last, the possible research tactics have been proposed to develop advanced electrolytes for improving electrochemical performance of LOBs.
An analysis of attainment grouping policy in Singapore
Authors: Tan Charlene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper extends the scholarship on attainment grouping by focusing on the policy initiatives of streaming and subject‐based banding (SBB) in Singapore. The study is framed by the concept of pragmatic perfectionism, which refers to the continuous and ideals‐oriented drive to improve a system through practical, incremental and paradoxical measures. It is argued that SBB is aligned with setting by giving students the flexibility and choice to study different subjects at varying levels. Mixed‐attainment grouping is also evident, where students are grouped in mixed‐form classes for selected subjects. However, SBB may have inadvertently maintained between‐school segregation for elite and non‐elite schools by supporting the existing policy of school posting based on students' exam scores. This paper contributes to the diverse formulations, adaptations and justifications surrounding attainment grouping. The study also illustrates the usefulness of pragmatic perfectionism in foregrounding the potential and tensions in educational policymaking.
Establishing a multi‐method approach for unprecedented detection and quantification of 13 genotoxic impurities (GTIs) in Apixaban drug substance through ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)
Authors: Ganta Sivaprasadu , Pamerla Muralidhar , Gunupuru Suresh Kumar , Salakolusu Suresh , Bevara Samatha , Padhy Harihara , Ganta Ravi Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis groundbreaking study introduces a pioneering development of multi‐method approach for the first‐ever detection and quantification of 13 genotoxic impurities (GTIs) in Apixaban (Apx) drug substance using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detector. In this novel endeavor, two distinct UPLC‐UV methods, Method A (for impurities A to G) and Method B (for impurities H to M), were meticulously developed and validated as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines to address the challenge of identification and control of 13 GTIs in Apx drug substance. The validation process included rigorous assessment of linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) for each impurity in each method which marks a significant advancement in pharmaceutical analysis. The developed methods address the regulatory requirements set forth by ICH M7(R2) guidelines by providing a reliable approach for quantifying GTIs in Apx drug substance at trace levels to minimize the potential carcinogenic risk to the patients.
Development of Chitosan‐Coated Graphene Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanocomposites for Targeted Delivery of Camptothecin to Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Sukumar Kalpana , Bharathi Muruganantham , Hirad Abdurahman Hajinur , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Hussein‐Al‐Ali Samer Hasan , Surya Parthasarathy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInnovative drug delivery platforms for selective, regulated, and sustained release of anticancer drugs are crucial in cancer treatment. This study presents nanoparticles developed from chitosan (CS), graphene oxide (GO), and magnetite (Fe3O4), and their nanocomposites to enhance the loading and release efficiency of camptothecin (CPT). Nanostructures were characterized using imaging microscopy, FT‐IR, and X‐ray diffraction, with an average crystallite size of 5.5 nm. Camptothecin binding proportions were 70 % for CS, 81 % for CS@Fe3O4, 58 % for CS@GO, and 74 % for CS@GO/Fe3O4. At pH 5.0, CPT release ratios were 87 %, 80 %, 88 %, and 90 %, respectively, and at pH 7.4, 84 %, 72 %, 89 %, and 87 %. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay against HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cancer cells. CPT‐CS@GO/Fe3O4 exhibited the highest survival at 5 μM and 12.5 μM concentrations, indicating it as the most effective nanocarrier for camptothecin delivery. The study demonstrates CS@GO/Fe3O4′s potential as a superior drug delivery system.
Boosting Enzyme Activity in an Anhydrous Gas Flux with Amphiphilic Polymers
Authors: Jian Yupei , Zhu Kaiyi , Han Yilei , Zhang Shuiwei , Xia Meng , Jiang Guoqiang , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGas‐phase enzymatic catalysis offers great potential for both green synthesis and the efficient degradation of volatile chemicals. However, solid enzymes often exhibit extremely low activity compared to their counterparts in native aqueous phase. Although a few immobilization methods have succeeded in increasing activity by preserving enzyme structure, approaches for boosting enzyme activity remain underdeveloped. In this study, we propose a general and facile method to boost enzyme activity in the gas phase, which utilizes amphiphilic polymers to energize enzyme conformational dynamics and thus enhance enzyme catalysis kinetics. The triblock copolymer Pluronics with low melting points were co‐lyophilized with Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), yielding Pluronic/CalB powders that appeared a 70‐fold increase in activity compared to free CalB powder. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy identified the enhancement of enzyme dynamics on the µs–ms timescale, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected structural perturbations of the native enzyme in Pluronic/CalB. The apparent activity of the enzyme/polymer powders correlated positively with both enzyme dynamics and polymer flexibility. These findings provide new molecular physical insights into gas‐phase enzyme catalysis, which are essential for advancing enzyme applications in nonnatural scenario.
Demonstrating Synergistic Activity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nano Photocatalyst for C−H Activation in Heterogeneous Phase
Authors: Mandal Tanumoy , Kishor Paul Braja , Islam Malekul , De Sarkar Suman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis report describes a dual catalytic approach for the versatile C−H arylation of arenes under photo‐excitation at room temperature. The cooperative catalysis utilizes iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (which mostly contain Fe3O4 along with some γ‐Fe2O3) as the potential photocatalyst, which merges with the Pd‐catalyzed C−H activation cycle for the reductive generation of aryl radical from aryl diazonium salt, revealing its photocatalytic activities. The method is applicable to a wide range of aryl coupling partners and different directing groups, demonstrating excellent productivity, nice co‐operativity and recyclability. Adequate control experiments and mechanistic studies assisted in establishing the radical‐based reaction mechanism for the C−H arylation occurring in the heterogeneous phase.
Acetic Acid‐Driven One‐Pot Synthesis of 4,7‐dihydro‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine‐6‐carboxamides and Pharmacological Evaluations
Authors: Bhalodiya Savan S , Parmar Mehul P. , Patel Chirag D. , Patel Subham G. , Vala Disha P. , Suresh Nandhakumar , Jayachandran Bhuvaneshwari , Kumar Arumugam Madan , Narayan Mahesh , Patel Hitendra M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA diverse set of 4,7‐dihydro‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine‐6‐carboxamides 4(a–o) was synthesized via a one‐pot reaction of 5‐amino‐[1,2,3]thiadiazole, various aromatic aldehydes, and different acetoacetanilides, using glacial acetic acid. The resulting compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Among them, compound 4 e demonstrated superior efficacy against the Salinivibrio proteolyticus strain of Gram‐negative bacteria compared to ciprofloxacin. Compound 4 d exhibited the highest potency against the fungal strain Candida albicans, surpassing amphotericin B. The physicochemical characteristics of 4 d and 4 e were assessed. According to docking analysis, DHTDAPy 4 e shows a higher binding affinity of −7.2 kcal/mol in the binding cavity of the receptor. These findings illustrate the safety, tolerability, and potency of the newly synthesized DHTDAPy compounds against fungal and bacterial infections.
RyuGuard—Combining Ryu and machine learning for proactive DDoS defense in software‐defined networks
Authors: Sendil Vadivu D. , Rajagopalan Narendran 
Published: October 2024

SummarySoftware defined network (SDN) is an experimental network design utilized by software companies, academia, and healthcare systems to provide adequate resource utilization, data management, superior network control, and administration. However, these networks face substantial risks, especially from distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, requiring robust cybersecurity measures. This article proposes RyuGuard, an intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) enhanced with machine learning (ML) capabilities, specifically designed to protect SDNs from DDoS attacks. A DDoS‐specific dataset was collected in the SDN environment through feature extraction from normal and malicious traffic. The evaluation of the dataset with the ML classifiers demonstrates that the decision tree (DT) was the most effective model, with a low false alarm rate (FAR), achieving an accuracy of 99.9%, and rapid execution time, which ensures timely detection and response, suitable for real‐time implementation. RyuGuard, with DT deployment and utilizing the programmability feature of SDN, is designed to predict and prevent the DDoS attack from the ongoing traffic of SDN. Compared with the other existing models, the presented IDPS, RyuGuard, enables early attack prediction, preventing the full impact of DDoS within the network while maintaining sustained throughput and performance with low CPU utilization.
Enhancing Edge Environment Scalability: Leveraging Kubernetes for Container Orchestration and Optimization
Authors: Aruna K. , Gurunathan Pradeep 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKubernetes is an open‐source container orchestration platform, offers a comprehensive suite of features for managing containerized applications effectively. These features encompass horizontal scaling, per‐node‐pool cluster scaling and automated resource request adjustments. This research endeavors to harness these capabilities to address the limitations experienced by fog servers in edge environments, particularly those arising from restricted network connectivity and scalability challenges. In this research paper, the primary focus is on Kubernetes role of enhancing scalability, providing a robust framework for managing containerized applications. The proposed approach involves creating a predefined number of pods and containers within a Kubernetes cluster, specifically designed to efficiently handle incoming requests while optimizing CPU and memory usage. This method implements a microservice architecture for the web tier, with separate pods for the front end, back end and database, ensuring modular and scalable design. All pods communicate and integrate through REST APIs, facilitating seamless interaction and data exchange between the services. When handling web requests, the approach enables and controls both internal and external networks, ensuring secure and efficient communication. The analysis then examines the CPU and memory utilization of the pods, as well as node bandwidth, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of container scalability and performance within the Kubernetes cluster. These findings effectively demonstrate Kubernetes' capability in managing container scalability and optimizing resource utilization, highlighting its efficiency and robustness in a microservice environment.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Doped Porous Carbon Sheet with Trace Amount of Iron as Efficient Polysulfide Conversion Catalyst for High Loading Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sivaraj Jeevanantham , Dasari Bosubabu , Subramani Prakash , Pitchai Jayashree , Unni Sreekuttan M. , Ramesha K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe major challenges in enhancing the cycle life of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are polysulfide (PS) shuttling and sluggish reaction kinetics (S to Li2S, Li2S to S). To alleviate the above issues, the use of heteroatom‐doped carbon as a cathode host matrix is a low‐cost and efficient approach, as it works as a dual‐functional framework for PS anchoring as well as an electrocatalyst for faster redox kinetics. Here, the dual role of heteroatom‐doped carbon sheets (CS) in the chemisorption of Li2S6 and catalysis of its faster conversion to Li2S is established. To substantiate the catalytic effect, composite cathodes were prepared by encapsulating sulfur in CS which is further blended with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form a free‐standing cathode. The electrochemical performances of the three cathodes (S@Fe−N‐CS‐CNT, S@Fe−S‐CS‐CNT, and S@Fe‐NS‐CS‐CNT) were evaluated by constructing Li−S cells. The S@Fe‐NS‐CS‐CNT delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1017 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C rate and sustains a capacity of 751 mAh g−1 after 260 cycles with a capacity retention of 73.8 %. Even at a high S loading (12 mg cm−2), it delivers an initial discharge capacity of 892 mAh g−1 and retained 575 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles.
Encapsulating Ammonia Borane in Cobalt Decorated Kaolinite Monolith Aerogel for Hydrogen Storage and Controllable Release
Authors: Mi Ang , Yun Rongping , Shang Huishan , Zhang Bing , Xiang Xu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchieving the “on‐off” control of hydrogen release remains a huge challenge in efficiently harnessing hydrogen energy on demand. In this work, a controlled hydrogen production strategy is proposed. Hydrogen carrier ammonia borane (AB) and Co catalyst are loaded into kaolinite aerogel (KA) to obtain a composite AB@Co/KA monolith. The results show that Co particles with surface‐oxidized species are uniformly decorated on the surface of aerogel, and AB can fill the pores of aerogel to form a composite hydrogen storage material. Hydrogen generation is modulated on AB@Co/KA by tuning the amount of water added, which achieves an “on‐off” hydrogen release on demand. The Co‐modified KA (Co/KA) can be repackaged multiple times for recycling use after the AB is completely hydrolyzed. This work provides a promising approach for controlling the release of hydrogen neither the input of additional energy nor foreign reagents added to the reaction system.
Lumen‐apposing metal stents for anastomosis creation throughout the gastrointestinal tract: A large single‐center experience
Authors: Gökce Emine , Devisscher Lindsey , Rashidian Niki , Palmeri Enrico , Hindryckx Pieter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe introduction of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMSs) has revolutionized the field of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LAMS in creating an endoscopic ultrasound‐guided anastomosis between two segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.MethodsData from all consecutive LAMS procedures for anastomosis creation between two segments of the GI, conducted between October 2019 and February 2024, were retrospectively analyzed for technical success (defined as correct deployment of the LAMS in the target), clinical success (defined as achievement of the intended clinical goal), and adverse events.ResultsA total of 145 LAMS procedures were performed in 136 patients. Indications for LAMS procedures included the need for endoscopic access to or reversal of surgically excluded segments of the GI tract (n = 73, 50.3%), and the alleviation of any GI outflow obstruction (n = 72, 49.7%). The overall technical and clinical success rates were very high (97.2% and 95.2%, respectively). Adverse events were observed in 20/145 (13.8%) cases, including 11 (7.6%) minor events (AGREE <3) and nine (6.2%) major events (AGREE ≥3). Major events included stent migration (n = 1), persisting fistula (n = 3), and bleeding (n = 4). All adverse events were successfully managed, and there were no procedure‐related deaths. Loss of LAMS patency occurred in 4/145 (2.8%) cases and could be endoscopically managed in all cases.ConclusionsThe creation of anastomoses with LAMS between two segments of the GI tract appears to be effective and safe, with a low reintervention rate due to loss of LAMS patency.
Impact of advanced endoscopy training on colonoscopy quality and efficiency
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Murano Tatsuro , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Shinmura Kensuke , Wakabayashi Masashi , Minakata Nobuhisa , Maasa Sasabe , Mitsui Tomohiro , Yamashita Hiroki , Inaba Atsushi , Sunakawa Hironori , Nakajo Keiichiro , Kadota Tomohiro , Yano Tomonori 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesFew reports have detailed improvements in the quality of colonoscopies with continuous training post‐fellowship completion. We examined the changes in colonoscopy performance among trainees during our advanced endoscopy training program.MethodsScreening or surveillance colonoscopies performed by 11 trainees who participated in our 3‐year advanced endoscopy training program between April 2015 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Quality and efficiency metrics of colonoscopies were evaluated annually.ResultsAltogether, 297, 385, and 438 colonoscopies were enrolled in the first, second, and third training years, respectively. The mean insertion times were 8.6, 7.6, and 6.9 min in the first, second, and third training years, respectively, with significant improvement from the first to second year (p = 0.03) and from the first to third year (p < 0.01). The adenoma detection rate, proximal adenoma detection rate, and mean number of adenomas per patient exhibited a tendency to improve annually; however, the difference was not significant. Polypectomy efficiency was 10.5%, 11.2%, and 13.0%, with significant improvements from the first to third year (p < 0.01) and from the second to third year (p = 0.02). Insertion time and polypectomy efficiency showed significant improvements, especially among trainees experienced with <500 colonoscopies.ConclusionsThrough our advanced endoscopy training program, there has been an improvement in the quality and efficiency of colonoscopy for trainees who have completed their fellowships, particularly those with <500 colonoscopies.
Complementarity and sensitivity of benthic state indicators to bottom‐trawl fishing disturbance
Authors: van Denderen P. Daniël , Plaza‐Morlote Maider , Vaz Sandrine , Wijnhoven Sander , Borja Angel , Fernandez‐Arcaya Ulla , González‐Irusta José M. , Hansen Jørgen L. S. , Katsiaras Nikolaos , Pierucci Andrea , Serrano Alberto , Reizopoulou Sofia , Papadopoulou Nadia , Sköld Mattias , Smith Christopher J. , Nygård Henrik , Van Hoey Gert , Dinesen Grete E. , Virtanen Elina A. , Boyé Aurélien , García‐Alegre Ana , Bellas Juan , Bolam Stefan , Muñoz Pablo Durán , Sacau Mar , Riva Giada , Kenchington Ellen , Raicevich Saša , Reid David , Roux Marie Julie , Hiddink Jan Geert , Valanko Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany indicators have been developed to assess the state of benthic communities and identify seabed habitats most at risk from bottom trawling disturbance. However, the large variety of indicators and their development and application under specific geographic areas and management contexts has made it difficult to evaluate their wider utility. We compared the complementarity/uniqueness, sensitivity, and selectivity of 18 benthic indicators to pressure of bottom trawling. Seventeen common datasets with broad regional representation covering a range of pressure gradients from bottom trawling disturbance (n = 14), eutrophication (n = 1), marine pollution (n = 1), and oxygen depletion (n = 1) were used for the comparison. The outcomes of most indicators were correlated to a certain extent with response to bottom trawling disturbance, and two complementary groups of indicators were identified: diversity‐based and biological trait‐based indicators. Trait‐based indicators that quantify the changes in relative abundance of sensitive taxa were most effective in identifying benthic community change in response to bottom trawling disturbance. None of the indicators responded to the trawling pressure gradient in all datasets, and some showed a response that were opposed to the theoretical expectation for some gradients. Indicators that showed clear responses to bottom trawling disturbance also showed clear responses in at least one other pressure gradient, suggesting those indicators are not pressure specific. These results emphasize the importance of selecting several indicators, at least one from each group (diversity and trait‐based), to capture the broader signals of change in benthic communities due to bottom trawling activities. Our systematic approach offers the basis from which scientific advisors and/or managers can select suitable combinations of indicators to arrive at a sensitive and comprehensive benthic status assessment.