bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Burn Care for Burn Injury: Outcomes by Timing of Referral Using a U.S. Single-Center Retrospective Cohort, 2005–2019*
Authors: Gale Hannah L. , Staffa Steven J. , DePamphilis Matthew A. , Tsay Sarah , Burns Jeffrey , Sheridan Robert 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Burn centers offer specialized care to pediatric patients with burn injuries. However, data about outcome in relation to timing of transfer are limited. We examined these timings and outcomes among burn-injured pediatric patients.

DESIGN:
Single-center, retrospective cohort study of U.S. national and international practice.

SETTING:
Shriners ESO Trauma Burn Registry, 2005–2019.

PATIENTS:
Patients 0–17 years old admitted to a pediatric burn center with 10–80% total body surface area (TBSA) burn between 2005 and 2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The cohort of 761 patients was subcategorized according to timing of referral: early presentation (EP) (0–7 d), delayed presentation (DP) (8–60 d), and very delayed presentation (VDP) (> 60 d). Primary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, percent TBSA (%TBSA)/LOS ratio, mortality, and disposition. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and continuous outcomes were compared using median regression, both utilizing multivariable analysis adjusting for a priori confounders and presented as adjusted coefficients (ACs) with 95% CI. Delayed referral (DP and VDP) was associated with higher %TBSA burn and with fewer referrals from high-income countries. Compared with EP, VDP was associated with higher LOS/%TBSA (AC, 0.2 [0.01–0.4]). On univariate analysis, in comparison with EP, DP and VDP were associated with higher ICU (DP 16 [6–29]; VDP 8 [0–18]) and hospital LOS (DP 34 [21–55]; VDP 32 [18–58]). Overall, ten of 761 patients died (1.3%), and we found no association between timing of referral and mortality. Also, in 751 survivors, 635 patients (84.6%) were discharged home without home health, and we found no association with timing of referral on multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this report, we have reviewed our single-center, international burn-injured pediatric cohort, operating in the United States (2005–2019). We find that referral with VDP as opposed to EP was associated with increased LOS/%TBSA.
Unveiling the Gaps: Analyzing Family Physicians’ Perspectives on Infectious Disease Notification in Türkiye
Authors: Uzun Süleyman Utku , Usturali Mut Ayşe Nur , Mut Hakan 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the opinions, attitudes, and behaviors of family physicians in Türkiye regarding mandatory communicable disease notification.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
A national online survey in Türkiye.

Participants:
This study was conducted among 397 family physicians from different geographical regions in Türkiye.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Family physicians’ opinions, attitudes, and behaviors regarding infectious disease notification.

Results:
The majority of family physicians (69.3%) felt inadequate in terms of knowledge about the notification system and 70.3% desired post-graduation training on communicable disease reporting. About one-third of the participants were dissatisfied with the current notification system. Reasons for under-reporting included lack of time, lack of feedback, and uncertainty about post-notification procedures. Factors significantly associated with higher infectious disease notification attitude scores (IDNAS) were receiving training on communicable disease reporting, feeling competent about reporting, and being satisfied with the reporting system (P < .001). However, physicians who admitted choosing a different ICD code to avoid filling out an infectious disease notification form had lower IDNAS scores (P < .001).

Conclusion:
This study highlights knowledge gaps and negative attitudes among family physicians in Türkiye regarding infectious disease reporting. Addressing these challenges requires continuous education and training programs. Feedback mechanisms should be improved to enhance physicians’ engagement in the notification process. Reducing the workload of family physicians and simplifying the reporting process may also contribute to higher compliance with mandatory communicable disease reporting.
Impact of switching from efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide on psychiatric symptoms and neurocognition
Authors: Vergori Alessandra , Del Duca Giulia , Lorenzini Patrizia , Brita Anna Clelia , Mastrorosa Ilaria , Fusto Marisa , Camici Marta , Ottou Sandrine , Gagliardini Roberta , Paulicelli Jessica , De Zottis Federico , Grilli Elisabetta , Esvan Rozenn , Plazzi Maria Maddalena , Mazzotta Valentina , Bellagamba Rita , Antinori Andrea , Pinnetti Carmela 
Published: October 2024

Objectives:
The aim was to investigate whether switching from efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/F/TDF) to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/F/TAF) may improve neuropsychiatric symptoms and neurocognition.

Design:
Pilot, single-arm, prospective study of persons with HIV (PWH) on the efficacy and safety of switching from EFV/F/TDF to BIC/F/TAF.

Methods:
Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment (NPA) at switch (T0) and after 48 weeks (T1). NPA was carried out through a standardized battery of 12 tests. Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) was defined by a score of at least 1 standard deviation (SD) below the normal mean on at least two tests or ≥2 SD below on one test. Individual z scores were determined, NPZ-12 was calculated as the average of 12 test z scores and change of NPZ-12 was the outcome. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) was classified by Frascati's criteria. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered. Paired-Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used for comparisons, and logistic regression for associations with NCI changes.

Results:
Out of 126 participants, BAI, BDI-II, and PSQI questionnaires revealed an improvement at T1. NPA revealed NCI in 40.5% of persons at T0 and 42.1% at T1 (P = 0.746). Specifically, at T0, among participants with NCI, 35% improved; among those without, 26% worsened at T1; NPZ-12 score worsened at T1. 5.6% of ANI was observed at T0 and 7.9% at T1. No factor associated with these changes was found.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest switching from EFV/F/TDF to B/F/TAF significantly improves psychiatric symptoms and sleep quality. Neurocognitive performance remained stable, although a decline in NPZ-12 and in specific domains was observed.
Real-world clinical and economic outcomes from rapid start antiretroviral therapy in HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Duong Khanh N.C. , Schmutz Howard Weston , Ben-Umeh Kenechukwu C. , Duru Emeka E. , Rose Natalie , Trom Cassidy , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Willis Connor 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
We aimed to synthesize clinical and economic outcomes of rapid start versus nonrapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) in real-world settings.

Methods:
A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest from January 2017 to January 2023, supplementing a previous search by Ford et al. in 2018. Observational studies investigating clinical or economic outcomes of rapid start ART versus nonrapid ART in PWH were included. Clinical outcomes were mortality, loss-to-follow-up (LTFU), and viral suppression. Economic outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) values and per patient per month (PPPM) costs. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed for clinical outcomes, whereas qualitative syntheses were conducted for economic outcomes. The quality of clinical and economic studies was assessed.

Results:
Sixty-two studies were included. The pooled adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for mortality demonstrated a significant reduction in risk of mortality among participants who received rapid start ART compared with nonrapid ART [0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–0.98]. For LTFU at 6 and 12 months, the pooled aRR showed increased LTFU for rapid start ART (1.33, 95% CI, 1.15–1.55 and 1.18, 95% CI, 0.74–1.89 respectively). All cost-effectiveness studies reported cost-saving or cost-effective findings. The PPPM costs of rapid start ART across the first 36 months of treatment were consistently lower than nonrapid ART.

Conclusion:
Rapid ART is associated with reduced mortality and is cost-effective compared with nonrapid ART in real-world settings. Clinicians and policymakers should consider these findings to facilitate rapid start of ART in PWH. Further research on LTFU in PWH is needed.
Genetic Risk Scores for the Clinical Rheumatologist
Authors: Wheeler Austin M. , Riley Thomas R. , Merriman Tony R. 
Published: October 2024

Background/Historical Perspective
The advent of genome-wide sequencing and large-scale genetic epidemiological studies has led to numerous opportunities for the application of genetics in clinical medicine. Leveraging this information toward the formation of clinically useful tools has been an ongoing research goal in this area. A genetic risk score (GRS) is a measure that attempts to estimate the cumulative contribution of established genetic risk factors toward an outcome of interest, taking into account the cumulative risk that each of these individual genetic risk factors conveys. The purpose of this perspective is to provide a systematic framework to evaluate a GRS for clinical application.

Summary of Current Literature
Since the initial polygenic risk score methodology in 2007, there has been increasing GRS application across the medical literature. In rheumatology, this has included application to rheumatoid arthritis, gout, spondyloarthritis, lupus, and inflammatory arthritis.

Major Conclusions
GRSs are particularly relevant to rheumatology, where common diseases have many complex genetic factors contributing to risk. Despite this, there is no widely accepted method for the critical application of a GRS, which can be a particular challenge for the clinical rheumatologist seeking to clinically apply GRSs. This review provides a framework by which the clinician may systematically evaluate a GRS.

Future Research Directions
As genotyping becomes more accessible and cost-effective, it will become increasingly important to recognize the clinical applicability of GRSs and identify those of the highest utility for patient care. This framework for the evaluation of a GRS will also help ensure reliability among GRS research in rheumatology, thereby helping to advance the field.
Treatment of Comminuted Mandibular Angle Fractures Using Champy Technique
Authors: Zhang Difei , Lin Yuxin , Lv Kun 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Isolated and noncomminuted mandibular angle fractures are commonly fixed with a single miniplate on the superior border (Champy technique) through an intraoral approach. However, the use of this technique for comminuted mandibular angle fractures has not been reported yet. This article verified that the Champy technique can also be used to treat comminuted mandibular angle fractures.

Methods:
The authors compared the therapeutic effects of using the Champy technique for intraoral fixation of comminuted mandibular angle fractures with or without alveolar bone defect. The dislocated teeth were removed. Iodoform gauze was used in a patient with alveolar bone defects and incomplete closure of soft tissue.

Results:
A patient with comminuted mandibular angle fractures without alveolar bone defect experienced primary wound healing and good occlusion after surgery. A patient with comminuted mandibular angle fractures accompanied by alveolar bone defect and incomplete closure of soft tissue has an intraoral fistula and bone resorption until 2 months postoperatively. At 6 months postoperatively, the occlusion remained stable and callus healing had been completed.

Conclusion:
The Champy technique for intraoral single plate fixation is feasible for comminuted mandibular angle fractures. Incomplete closure of soft tissue leads to exposure of the bone marrow cavity, resulting in delayed fracture healing.
PROTECTION OF MICE AGAINST CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE-INDUCED POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS BY A FASCIOLA HEPATICA HELMINTH DEFENSE MOLECULE
Authors: Fazekas Barbara , Hamon Siobhán , De Marco Verissimo Carolina , Cwiklinski Krystyna , López Corrales Jesús , Gaughan Siobhán , Ryan Sinéad , Taggart Clifford C. , Weldon Sinéad , Griffin Matthew D. , Dalton John P. , Lalor Richard 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Sepsis results from a dysregulated host immune response to infection and is responsible for ~11 million deaths each year. In the laboratory, many aspects of sepsis can be replicated using a cecal ligation and puncture model, which is considered the most clinically relevant rodent model of sepsis. In the present study, histological and biomarker multiplex analyses revealed that the cecal ligation and puncture model initiated a large-scale inflammatory response in mice by 24 h, with evidence of acute organ damage by 48–72 h. While many typical proinflammatory cytokine/chemokines were systemically elevated, a specific array including IL-10, eotaxin, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and RANTES noticeably increased just prior to animals reaching the humane endpoint. Treatment of mice with 10 μg of a synthetic 68-amino acid peptide derived from an immunomodulatory molecule secreted by a parasitic worm of humans and livestock, F. hepatica, termed F. hepatica helminth defense molecule, potently suppressed the systemic inflammatory profile, protected mice against acute kidney injury, and improved survival between 48 and 72 h after procedure. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory parasite-derived F. hepatica helminth defense molecule peptide has potential as a biotherapeutic treatment for sepsis.
EFFECTS OF LOCAL HYPOTHERMIA ON LIMB VIABILITY IN A SWINE MODEL OF ACUTE LIMB ISCHEMIA DURING PROLONGED DAMAGE-CONTROL RESUSCITATION
Authors: Kao Emily , Patel Sahil , Wang Xu , Ringgold Kristyn , Snyder Jessica M. , Stern Susan , Bulger Eileen , White Nathan , Aarabi Shahram 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: New strategies are needed to mitigate further tissue injury during traumatic limb ischemia in cases requiring damage control resuscitation (DCR). Little is known about the pathophysiology and injury course in acute limb ischemia (ALI) with DCR in polytraumatized casualties. We therefore investigated the effects of therapeutic limb hypothermia in a swine model of ALI and DCR. Methods: Fifteen swine underwent a published 6-h DCR protocol of hemorrhage and then resuscitation. After hemorrhage, animals were randomized to 5°C or 15°C cooling of one hindlimb; the contralateral limb serving as an uncooled control. Physiologic variables, limb temperature, and limb tissue metabolites (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) were measured throughout the DCR protocol. Muscle and nerve biopsies were obtained after the 6-h protocol. Results: Lactate and pyruvate levels were significantly lower in the cooled limbs than in the uncooled control limbs but did not differ between the 5°C and 15°C groups. Tissue glucose levels did not differ between the 5°C group, the 15°C group, and controls. Mean histologic muscle score was significantly higher in the 5°C group than in controls (P = 0.03). Mean nerve histology scores did not differ between the 5°C and paired control limbs, or between the mean muscle and nerve histology scores of the 15°C and paired control limbs. Conclusion: Cooling to 15°C significantly reduced local tissue metabolites compared to paired controls, while producing no significant increase in histologic damage, whereas cooling to 5°C increased histologic muscle damage. These results suggest an approach to prevention of ischemic injury through local hypothermia but warrant further functional testing.
PARTIAL OCCLUSION, LESS AKI: AN AORTA REGISTRY ANALYSIS OF PREBOA-PRO
Authors: Vassy William Matthew , Beckett Andrew , Dennis Bradley , Duchesne Juan , Kundi Rishi , Nguyen Jonathan , Spalding M. Chance , Moore Ernest E. ,   On behalf of AAST Multi-Institutional Trials Committee
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: Noncompressible torso hemorrhage remains a leading cause of potentially preventable deaths. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) has emerged as an adjunct temporizing hemorrhage control. The complete occlusion strategy with the ER-REBOA catheter can cause distal ischemia when used for longer than 30 min. To specifically address this limitation, the pREBOA-PRO catheter was developed. The objective of the current study is to investigate the impact of longer, partial occlusion times provided by pREBOA-PRO on acute kidney injury and mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery registry as of August 2023. Patients in the pREBOA-PRO group (n = 110) receiving partial occlusion in Zone 1 were contrasted to patients in the ER-REBOA group (n = 752) treated with complete occlusion in Zone 1. Between-group comparisons included demographics, clinical presentation, aortic occlusion strategy, clinical complications, and mortality. Results: Demographics, clinical presentation, and mortality were indistinguishable between groups, except for age which was higher in the ER-REBOA group (44 vs. 38, P < 0.002). The partial aortic occlusion strategy was employed more often in the pREBOA-PRO group (87% vs. 33%, P < 0.05) and for longer periods (59 min vs. 50 min, P < 0.003). In contrast, AKI occurred less frequently in the pREBOA-PRO group (19% vs. 33%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The more frequently partial and longer occlusion times in Zone 1 with the use of pREBOA-PRO resulted in lower AKI incidence suggesting that this newer device is a safer extended bridge to hemorrhage control.
Iridescent structural coloration in a crested Cretaceous enantiornithine bird from Jehol Biota
Authors: Li Zhiheng , Hu Jinsheng , Stidham Thomas A. , Ye Mao , Wang Min , Pan Yanhong , Zhao Tao , Li Jingshu , Zhou Zhonghe , Clarke Julia A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA combination of sectioning and microscopy techniques, along with the application of finite-difference-time-domain modeling on a fossil feather, results in the novel estimation of the range of iridescent colors from the fossilized melanosome type and organization preserved in the elongate head crest feathers of a new Cretaceous enantiornithine bird. The densely packed rod-like melanosomes are estimated to have yielded from red to deep blue iridescent coloration of the head feathers. The shape and density of these melanosomes also may have further increased the feather’s structural strength. This occurrence on a likely male individual is highly suggestive of both a signaling function of the iridescent crest, and a potential behavioral role in adjusting the angle of light incidence to control the display of this iridescent structural coloration.
Global test of the enemy release hypothesis reveals similar patterns of herbivory across native and non-native plants
Authors: Galmán Andrea , Hahn Philip G. , Inouye Brian D. , Underwood Nora , Liu Yanjie , Whitehead Susan R. , Wetzel William C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) proposes that non-native plants escape their co-evolved herbivores and benefit from reduced herbivory in their introduced ranges. Numerous studies have tested this hypothesis, with conflicting results, but previous studies focus on average levels of herbivory and overlook the substantial within-population variability in herbivory, which may provide unique insights into the ERH. We tested differences in mean herbivory and added a novel approach to the ERH by comparing within-population variability in herbivory between native and non-native plant populations. We include several covariates that might mask an effect of enemy release, including latitude, regional plant richness, plant growth form and plant cover. We use leaf herbivory data collected by the Herbivory Variability Network for 788 plant populations (616 native range populations and 172 introduced range populations) of 503 different native and non-native species distributed worldwide. We found no overall differences in mean herbivory or herbivory variability between native and non-native plant populations. Taken together, our results indicate no evidence of enemy release for non-native plants, suggesting that enemy release is not a generalized mechanism favoring the success of non-native species.OPEN RESEARCH STATEMENTData published and available for peer review athttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.44j0zpckm
Extending the IICR to complex non-stationary structured models
Authors: Jouniaux Alexane , Arredondo Armando , Boitard Simon , Chikhi Lounès , Mazet Olivier 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPopulation genetic studies use genetic data to understand aspects of the evolutionary history of species, particularly to infer their demography. Here, we extend the non-stationary structured coalescent framework to complex models where the parameters of the model, and thus the state space, change between stationary periods. To do this, we introduce glue matrices that allow us to map one state space to another, hence enabling the computation of the Inverse Instantaneous Coalescence Rate (IICR) using Q-matrices of different dimensions. This approach allows us to study models where the number of demes changes due to extinction or foundation. Our analysis confirms that interpreting IICR curves as indicators of population size changes can be misleading. However, we also show that there are cases where new deme foundations can generate an increase in the IICR (forward in time). We explore the impact of changes in migration rates, timing of deme creation or deletion, and sampling strategies on the IICR, identifying several counter-intuitive results. For instance, we find that the IICR starts to decrease several generations before any change in the number of demes, as if the population “knew” something was about to happen. It is particularly unexpected when a deme is founded and the population is only increasing. Our results underscore the need for careful interpretation of PSMC and similar curves, which are often used and interpreted as population size changes. By presenting examples of IICRs for various transitions and sampling scenarios, we emphasize the importance of nuanced approaches in population genetic studies.
First records of invasiveVespa velutina nigrithoraxBuysson, 1905 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) andMegachile sculpturalisSmith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Slovakia
Authors: Purkart Adrián , Semelbauer Marek , Šima Peter , Lukáš Jozef , Hoffner Simon , Fedor Peter , Senko Dušan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiological invasions are an increasing threat to ecosystems; early identification of invasive species and rigorous monitoring are prerequisites to minimize environmental damage. Currently, two large hymenopterans of Asian origin are spreading across Europe: the yellow-legged hornetVespa velutina nigrithoraxBuysson, 1905 and the giant resin beeMegachile sculpturalisSmith, 1853, populations of which have been gradually being discovered across Europe since 2004 and 2008, respectively. Considering the current distribution of both species in Europe, further spread through Central Europe is expected in recent years. In July 2024, the first record ofM. sculpturaliswas documented in Slovakia, followed by more reports from 11 localities. Less than two months later, the second invasive hymenopteran,V. velutina nigrithorax, was also detected. Utilising multiple methods, their nest was discovered as well. On-site observations showed that the yellow-legged hornets (workers) were active almost two days after colony eradication. The finding of both species was accompanied by an intensive campaign using citizen science.