bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pumpless microfluidic system driven by hydrostatic pressure induces and maintains mouse spermatogenesis in vitro
Authors: Komeya Mitsuru , Hayashi Kazuaki , Nakamura Hiroko , Yamanaka Hiroyuki , Sanjo Hiroyuki , Kojima Kazuaki , Sato Takuya , Yao Masahiro , Kimura Hiroshi , Fujii Teruo , Ogawa Takehiko 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional aggregation and organ culture methods are critical for recreating in vivo cellular phenomena outside the body. Previously, we used the conventional gas liquid interphase organ culture method to induce complete mouse spermatogenesis. After incorporating microfluidic systems, we achieved a significant increase in efficiency and duration of spermatogenesis. One of the major drawbacks preventing the popularization of microfluidics, however, is the use of a power-pump to generate medium flow. In this study, we produced a pumpless microfluidic device using hydrostatic pressure and a resistance circuit to facilitate slow, longer lasting medium flow. During three months of culture, results in induction and maintenance of spermatogenesis showed no difference between pumpless and pump-driven devices. Correspondingly, the spermatogonial population was favorably maintained in the pumpless device compared to the conventional method. These results show the advantage of using microfluidic systems for organ culture experiments. Our pumpless device could be applied to a variety of other tissues and organs, and may revolutionize organ culture methods as a whole.
Serotonin regulates prostate growth through androgen receptor modulation
Authors: Carvalho-Dias Emanuel , Miranda Alice , Martinho Olga , Mota Paulo , Costa Ângela , Nogueira-Silva Cristina , Moura Rute S. , Alenina Natalia , Bader Michael , Autorino Riccardo , Lima Estêvão , Correia-Pinto Jorge 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAging and testosterone almost inexorably cause benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Human males. However, etiology of BPH is largely unknown. Serotonin (5-HT) is produced by neuroendocrine prostatic cells and presents in high concentration in normal prostatic transition zone, but its function in prostate physiology is unknown. Previous evidence demonstrated that neuroendocrine cells and 5-HT are decreased in BPH compared to normal prostate. Here, we show that 5-HT is a strong negative regulator of prostate growth. In vitro, 5-HT inhibits rat prostate branching through down-regulation of androgen receptor (AR). This 5-HT’s inhibitory mechanism is also present in human cells of normal prostate and BPH, namely in cell lines expressing AR when treated with testosterone. In both models, 5-HT’s inhibitory mechanism was replicated by specific agonists of 5-Htr1a and 5-Htr1b. Since peripheral 5-HT production is specifically regulated by tryptophan hydroxylase 1(Tph1), we showed that Tph1 knockout mice present higher prostate mass and up-regulation of AR when compared to wild-type, whereas 5-HT treatment restored the prostate weight and AR levels. As 5-HT is decreased in BPH, we present here evidence that links 5-HT depletion to BPH etiology through modulation of AR. Serotoninergic prostate pathway should be explored as a new therapeutic target for BPH.
South Asian Adults' Performance on Executive Function Tests
Authors: Kallambettu Veena , Burda Angela N. , Wakeman Nicole 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThis study compared the performance of South Asian and White adults on the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS; Wilson, Alderman, Burgess, Emslie, & Evans, 1996) and the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES; MacDonald, 2005), tests that can be used by speech-language pathologists to assess executive function (EF).MethodTwenty South Asian and 20 White participants were administered the BADS and FAVRES. Raw scores were converted to profile scores on the BADS and to standard scores on the FAVRES. Analysis of covariance statistics were calculated to compare EF test performance.ResultsSouth Asian and White participants did not demonstrate significant performance differences on the BADS. On the FAVRES, Whites had significantly higher accuracy scores on 2 of the 4 subtests and significantly higher rationale scores on 3 subtests. South Asian adults who completed all of their formal education in India had lower accuracy and rationale scores on 2 of the 4 subtests versus South Asian adults who completed at least some of their formal education in North America. No significant differences occurred on the Time scores for any subtest or on the overall Reasoning score.ConclusionsPerformance differences on EF tests may exist between South Asian and White adults. Further research is necessary to determine the impact of cultural and linguistic differences on EF test performance in South Asian adults.
Development of Pointing Gestures in Children With Typical and Delayed Language Acquisition
Authors: Lüke Carina , Ritterfeld Ute , Grimminger Angela , Liszkowski Ulf , Rohlfing Katharina J. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThis longitudinal study compared the development of hand and index-finger pointing in children with typical language development (TD) and children with language delay (LD). First, we examined whether the number and the form of pointing gestures during the second year of life are potential indicators of later LD. Second, we analyzed the influence of caregivers' gestural and verbal input on children's communicative development.MethodThirty children with TD and 10 children with LD were observed together with their primary caregivers in a seminatural setting in 5 sessions between the ages of 12 and 21 months. Language skills were assessed at 24 months.ResultsCompared with children with TD, children with LD used fewer index-finger points at 12 and 14 months but more pointing gestures in total at 21 months. There were no significant differences in verbal or gestural input between caregivers of children with or without LD.ConclusionsUsing more index-finger points at the beginning of the second year of life is associated with TD, whereas using more pointing gestures at the end of the second year of life is associated with delayed acquisition. Neither the verbal nor gestural input of caregivers accounted for differences in children's skills.
Auditory Attentional Set-Shifting and Inhibition in Children Who Stutter
Authors: Eggers Kurt , Jansson-Verkasalo Eira 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether previously reported parental questionnaire-based differences in attentional shifting and inhibitory control (AS and IC; Eggers, De Nil, & Van den Bergh, 2010) would be supported by direct measurement of AS and IC using a computer task.MethodParticipants were 16 Finnish children who stutter (CWS; mean age = 7.06 years) and 16 Finnish children who do not stutter (mean age = 7.05 years). Participants were matched on age (±8 months) and gender. AS and IC were assessed by the auditory set-shifting task of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (De Sonneville, 2009).ResultsNo group differences were found for the speed of auditory AS or IC. However, CWS, as a group, scored significantly lower on the accuracy (error percentage) of auditory AS. In addition, CWS, compared with the children who do not stutter, showed a higher increase in error percentages under AS and IC conditions.ConclusionsThe findings on error percentages partly corroborate earlier questionnaire-based findings showing difficulties in CWS on AS and IC. Moreover, it also seems to imply that CWS are less able to slow down their responses to achieve higher accuracy rates.
Improvement of induction motor operation using a new winding scheme for reduction of the magnetomotive force distortion
Authors: Asgharpour‐Alamdari Hossein , Alinejad‐Beromi Yousef , Yaghobi Hamid 
Published: November 2017

In conventional methods, distributing and chording the winding of a motor can be used for controlling the harmonic contents of magnetomotive force (MMF). This solution may not be able to reduce the harmonic contents of motors to the desirable value that may cause unsuitable performance of the motor such as crawling phenomenon. Moreover, the harmonic contents of the MMF cause increase of the losses and reduction in efficiency of electrical motors. The effect of the new winding scheme was investigated to improve the induction motor operation by reducing the harmonic contents of the MMF. By applying the new winding pattern in an induction motor, the harmonic component groups of fifth (5, 11, etc.) and seventh (7, 13, etc.) were reduced considerably. A simulation approach alongside experimental results derived from a two‐pole, 400 V, 50 Hz, 200 W, three‐phase induction motor validate the improvement operation of the motor.
Correlation‐based synchro‐check relay for power systems
Authors: Allah Ragab Abd 
Published: November 2017

The synchronisation is a critical process in power system. When closing a circuit breaker (CB) between two energised parts of the power system, match voltages on both CB sides before closing must be verified. Non‐synchronising conditions will result in a power system disturbance and equipment damage. The voltage magnitude, frequency and phase angle differences across the breaker must be closely monitored. In this study, the author suggests a synchro‐check relay based on correlation concept. The correlation is considered a proper statistical method for estimating the similarity between electrical signals. The three‐phase voltages and currents, measured from the two sub‐systems, are used in the proposed technique to check match voltages during normal operation conditions. The synchroniser can operate online and function in automatic mode for electrical networks with different voltage levels. In addition, it can be used to supervise CB closing for avoiding an incorrect operation. Two parts of a 19.57 kV/500 kV power system with real parameters are simulated using alternative transients program (ATP) software and MATLAB package to examine the suggested algorithm under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is relatively simple, reliable, efficient and very promising in applications to generation plants and substation automation systems.
Reverse‐recovery of diamond p‐i‐n diodes
Authors: Traoré Aboulaye , Nakajima Akira , Makino Toshiharu , Kuwabara Daisuke , Kato Hiromitsu , Ogura Masahiko , Takeuchi Daisuke , Yamasaki Satoshi 
Published: November 2017

Diamond p‐i‐n diodes are one of the most advanced and promising diamond devices for high‐power applications. The electrical characteristics of diamond p‐i‐n diodes have been extensively investigated in the static state, but their switching properties are unknown, and the recovery waveform is the main concern. This study highlights the switching properties of diamond p‐i‐n diodes used as freewheeling diodes in a clamped inductive switching circuit. The recovery waveform was measured by a wide range of conduction current, reverse blocking voltage, and switching speed. For the basic device design used (without edge termination), the p‐i‐n diode could be switched from a conducting state at 850 A/cm2 to a blocking state at 400 V. The reverse recovery time was <150 ns. The reverse‐recovery depends on the on‐state current level, reverse voltage, and switching rate, illustrated the fast switching of diamond p‐i‐n diodes.
Prenatal and Postnatal Follow-up in Trisomies 13 and 18: A 20-Year Experience in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Ürel Demir Gizem , Arslan Umut , Şimşek-Kiper Pelin , Utine Gülen , Alikaşifoğlu Mehmet , Boduroğlu Koray , Akgün Doğan Özlem 
Published: November 2017

Objective Trisomies 13 and 18 are among the most common autosomal aneuploidies associated with high mortality rates. Conventional management strategies offer to limit interventional support; however, some of the recent studies suggest that intervention does make a difference in terms of survival.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study was performed between January 1996 and January 2016, covering all cases with such trisomies. A total of 69 cases were reviewed for clinical aspects, outcome, and management strategies.
Results In almost all pregnancies with follow-up, at least one indication present for invasive testing (54/55). Invasive testing was not performed in 18.5% of such cases. All parents opted for termination in cases with prenatal diagnosis. None of the liveborns had prenatal diagnoses, thus, neonatal resuscitation and intensive care unit admission were not withheld in such infants. Major intervention was done in only one patient with full trisomy 13. Median survival for infants with full trisomies 13 and 18 was 36 and 60 days, respectively. Almost half the patients died within 1 month.
Conclusion To which extent the major interventions should be withheld is an issue of debate in managing such infants; however, current approaches are subject to change, given the technological advances.
Comparison of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Treatment with Sublingual Buprenorphine versus Conventional Opioids
Authors: Rice Ward , Folger Alonzo , Wexelblatt Scott , Hall Eric 
Published: November 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to compare duration of opioid treatment and length of stay outcomes for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) using sublingual buprenorphine versus traditional weaning with methadone or morphine.
Study Design This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated infants treated for NAS at a single community hospital from July 2013 through June 2017. A standardized weaning protocol was introduced in June 2015, allowing for treatment with sublingual buprenorphine regardless of type of intrauterine opioid exposure. General linear models were used to calculate adjusted mean duration of opioid treatment and length of hospitalization with 95% confidence intervals for infants treated with buprenorphine compared with traditional weaning with either methadone or morphine.
Results A total of 360 infants were treated with either buprenorphine (n = 174) or a traditional opioid (n = 186). Infants treated with buprenorphine experienced a 3.0-day reduction in opioid treatment duration of 7.4 (6.3–8.5) versus 10.4 (9.3–11.5) days (p < 0.001) and a 2.8-day reduction in length of stay of 12.4 (11.3–13.6) versus 15.2 (14.1–16.4) days (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Our study provides an independent confirmation that among infants experiencing NAS following a wide array of intrauterine opioid exposures, buprenorphine weaning supports a shortened treatment duration compared with conventional weaning agents.
Congenital Disorders of Autophagy: What a Pediatric Neurologist Should Know
Authors: Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAutophagy is a fundamental and conserved intracellular pathway that mediates the degradation of macromolecules and organelles in lysosomes. Proper autophagy function is important for central nervous system development and neuronal function. Over the last 5 years, several single gene disorders of the autophagy pathway have emerged: EPG5-associated Vici syndrome, WDR45-associated β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration, SNX14-associated autosomal-recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20, ATG5-associated autosomal-recessive ataxia syndrome, SQSTM1/p62-associated childhood-onset neurodegeneration, and several forms of the hereditary spastic paraplegias. This novel and evolving group of disorders is characterized by prominent central nervous system involvement leading to brain malformations, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, movement disorders, and neurodegeneration. Predominant involvement of the long white matter tracts and the cerebellum are anatomic and imaging hallmarks, with common findings that include a thinning of the corpus callosum and cerebellar hypoplasia or atrophy. A storage disease phenotype by clinical or imaging criteria is present in some diseases. Most congenital disorders of autophagy are progressive and over time involve pathology in multiple brain regions. This review provides a detailed clinical, imaging and genetic characterization of congenital disorders of autophagy and highlights the importance of this pathway for childhood-onset neurological diseases.
Glutenfreie Ernährung – Update 2017
Authors: Leiß Ottmar 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungEine glutenfreie Ernährung ist seit 60 Jahren die einzige Therapieoption für Patienten mit Zöliakie oder Dermatitis herpetiformis zur Normalisierung der Beschwerden und Verhinderung von Komplikationen. Eine glutenfreie Ernährung erfreut sich jedoch in jüngster Zeit zunehmender Beliebtheit wegen vermuteter Effekte auf Wohlbefinden und Leistungsfähigkeit sowie zur Kontrolle des Körpergewichts.In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird auf gesicherte Indikationen für eine glutenfreie Ernährung, auf die Notwendigkeit einer eingehenden Beratung und Schulung des Patienten, auf Probleme und Schwierigkeiten bei der Umsetzung einer glutenfreien Ernährung in den täglichen Alltag und auf mögliche Nebenwirkungen unter Langzeittherapie eingegangen. Neue Methoden zur Überprüfung der Adhärenz zu einer glutenfreien Ernährung werden erörtert, die ernährungsmedizinische Qualität etlicher lebensmitteltechnologisch hergestellter glutenfreier Nahrungsmittel wird kritisch diskutiert.
Akutes Leberversagen als seltene Manifestation einer häufigen Erkrankung
Authors: Thiel Angela , Rissland Jürgen , Lammert Frank , Casper Markus 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungEine 63-jährige Patientin wurde mit Verdacht auf akutes Leberversagen aufgenommen. Als Ursache konnte eine akute Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV)-Infektion identifiziert werden. Im Verlauf kam es zu einer spontanen Ausheilung der Infektion mit Stabilisierung der Leberfunktion. Ein akutes Leberversagen auf dem Boden einer akuten HCV-Infektion ist sehr selten und wurde bisher kaum beschrieben. Dennoch muss die akute HCV-Infektion als seltene Differenzialdiagnose eines akuten Leberversagens beachtet werden.
‘Democracy’ in education: an omnipresent yet distanced ‘other’
Authors: Simpson Ashley , Dervin Fred 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLike many concepts and notions used in various subfields of education, the idea of democracy is both floating and polysemic. It can also be a conveniently loose term that can be used by some to position themselves above others and to ‘teach them’ lessons about how to ‘do’ democracy, often creating unjustified hierarchies and moralistic judgements. Based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts of 'authoritative discourse and internally persuasive discourse', this article examines how the contested idea of democracy is constructed and negotiated at a key International Conference on democratic education. Excerpts from talks given at the conference serve as case studies in this paper, without the intention to generalise about discourses of democracy in education. The results hint at uncritical attempts, often based on pathos, to totalise and generalise ‘democracy/the democratic’ especially within discourses on ‘democratic schools’. Such discourses can contribute to cultural othering and stereotyping, as well as, simplistic assumptions about how ‘democracy’ functions and comes-into-being. They can also help the utterer hide their sentiments. Thus, the aim of this paper is to deconstruct an essentialised and somewhat empty vision of democracy discourse in education. The fact that the idea of ‘freedom’ is often used as a synonym for ‘democracy’ during the conference is also discussed.
Incremental heating of Bishop Tuff sanidine reveals preeruptive radiogenic Ar and rapid remobilization from cold storage
Authors: Andersen Nathan L. , Jicha Brian R. , Singer Brad S. , Hildreth Wes 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceRecent improvements in analytical and microsampling techniques for multiple geochronometers have resulted in datasets with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. These advances are accompanied by the discovery of crystal- and outcrop-scale complexities previously obscured by low analytical precision. Single-crystal incremental heating resolves subtle, intracrystal isotopic heterogeneity, allowing for more-accurate40Ar/39Ar eruption ages. The eruption ages of widespread volcanic ash deposits are critical for calibrating the geologic timescale, and thus their accuracy has substantial implications for the geologic, biologic, and global climate records. Complex distribution of40Ar/39Ar dates in the deposits of supervolcanic eruptions requires rethinking the magmatic processes and their effect on the40Ar/39Ar system, specifically the extent of cooling and remobilization during the decades to centuries preceding these events.
Subplate neurons are the first cortical neurons to respond to sensory stimuli
Authors: Wess Jessica M. , Isaiah Amal , Watkins Paul V. , Kanold Patrick O. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Sensory experience, even at prenatal periods, can shape brain connectivity. Thus, the emergence of sensory responses is a key step in cortical development. Sensory cortical responses are thought to emerge in cortical layer 4, which is the adult target of thalamic projections. However, in developing animals, thalamic fibers do not target layer 4 but instead target subplate neurons in the white matter. We show that subplate neurons respond to sounds before layer 4 is activated by thalamic axons. Moreover, early local field potential (LFP) responses demonstrate nascent topographic organization. Together we find that sound-evoked cortical activity and topographic organization emerge in a different layer than thought. Since subplate circuits are disrupted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) models, disrupted emergence of sensory activity could be utilized for diagnosis and intervention.
DSCAM-mediated control of dendritic and axonal arbor outgrowth enforces tiling and inhibits synaptic plasticity
Authors: Simmons Aaron B. , Bloomsburg Samuel J. , Sukeena Joshua M. , Miller Calvin J. , Ortega-Burgos Yohaniz , Borghuis Bart G. , Fuerst Peter G. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceAdult neurons are not able to make new connections as easily as developing neurons can; however, future therapies aimed at regeneration and repair of neural circuits in the adult nervous system depend critically on the formation of such connections. Here, we studied a recently discovered cell population that has the unusual ability to make new connections into adulthood, but under normal conditions does not grow new axons or dendrites, so that no new cells are contacted. We manipulated this cell population to induce axon and dendrite outgrowth using transgenic methods and determined that this results in stable, functional connections with new cells.
Arup’s adhocracy and projects in theory
Authors: Davies Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
‘Arup’s adhocracy and projects in theory’ considers how the spread of adaptive project structures in the 1960s and 1970s encouraged management scholars to develop new ways of thinking about organizations. It begins with Ove Arup’s work on the Sydney Opera House, which established a new model of architect and engineer collaborating in project teams to innovate and solve challenging problems. It then goes on to discuss some of the theoretical insights and perspectives introduced by organizational scholars to help us think about projects as an adaptive structure in a complex, unstable, and rapidly changing environment. It explains organization theory and adhocracy, the difference between stable and flexible project teams, and the contingent dimension of projects.