bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking up sedentary time with seated upper body activity can regulate metabolic health in obese high‐risk adults: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: McCarthy Matthew , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Davies Melanie J. , Henson Joseph , Rowlands Alex , King James A. , Bodicoat Danielle H. , Khunti Kamlesh , Yates Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AimsTo investigate the impact of performing short bouts of seated upper body activity on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels during prolonged sitting.MethodsParticipants undertook two 7.5‐hour experimental conditions in randomized order: (1) prolonged sitting only and (2) sitting, interspersed with 5 minutes of seated arm ergometry every 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained while fasting and throughout the postprandial period after ingestion of two standardized meals. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated for glucose and insulin throughout each experimental condition. A paired samples t‐test was used to assess the difference in iAUC data between conditions for glucose (primary outcome) and insulin (secondary outcome).ResultsThirteen obese adults (7 women, 6 men; mean ± standard deviation [s.d.] age: 66 ± 6 years; body mass index 33.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2) completed this investigation. Compared with the prolonged sitting‐only condition, the implementation of seated arm ergometry every 30 minutes significantly reduced mean blood glucose iAUC (from 7.4 mmol/L/h [95% confidence interval {CI} 5.2, 9.5] to 3.1 mmol/L/h [95% CI 1.3, 5.0]; P = .001). Significant reductions in mean insulin iAUC (from 696 mU/L/h [95% CI 359, 1032] to 554 mU/L/h [95% CI 298, 811]; P = .047) were also observed.ConclusionPerforming short bouts of arm ergometry during prolonged sitting attenuated postprandial glycaemia despite maintaining a seated posture. This may have clinical significance for those with weight‐bearing difficulty who may struggle with postural change.
Anglo‐American trade costs during the first era of globalization: the contribution of a bilateral tariff series†
Authors: Varian Brian D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious scholarship has suggested that British trade was generally unaffected by foreign tariffs during the period from 1870 to 1913. This article focuses specifically on Anglo‐American trade, which was the largest bilateral flow of trade during the first era of globalization, and finds that tariffs were the sole intertemporal determinant of Anglo‐American trade costs. However, the determinacy of tariffs for Anglo‐American trade costs only becomes apparent when the tariff variable incorporates a measure of the bilateral American tariff toward Britain, which this article reconstructs. The article concludes by claiming that Anglo‐American trade represents a major qualification to any emerging consensus that foreign tariffs were of minor significance to the trade of late nineteenth‐century Britain.
Lasting improvement of medication‐overuse headache after brief intervention – a long‐term follow‐up in primary care
Authors: Kristoffersen E. S. , Straand J. , Russell M. B. , Lundqvist C. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeWithdrawal therapy improves the headache situation for many patients with medication‐overuse headache (MOH), but relapses are common. The objective was to assess the long‐term effectiveness of a general practitioner conducted brief intervention (BI) for MOH.MethodsSixty MOH patients initially participating in a blinded cluster‐randomized controlled trial evaluating BI versus business as usual (BAU) were followed up for 16 months. Follow‐up was open after 6 months. Headache and medication days per month were evaluated in three groups: BI early (BI throughout the study, n = 24), BI late (initial BAU, then cross‐over to BI, n = 22) and BAU throughout the study (n = 14).ResultsFifty‐five of 60 initially included patients completed the follow‐up. The mean change over 16 months’ observation in the BI early group was a reduction of 8.4 (5.4–11.4) headache and 13.5 (9.6–17.3) medication days per month. The relapse rate into medication overuse was 8.3%. Patients in the BI late group also improved significantly after a BI. BAU showed no significant improvement.ConclusionsTreatment for MOH in primary care through a BI is a simple intervention with lasting effects and low relapse rate. This approach may be a logical first step in MOH treatment, and referral should generally be reserved for primary care non‐responders.
European Academy of Neurology/European Association for Palliative Care Taskforce on Neurology Consensus recommendations on palliative care for patients with chronic and progressive neurological disease – acceptability for Belgian neurologists
Authors: Vanopdenbosch L. J. , Maes E. , Oliver D. J. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeA Consensus document on palliative care and neurology has made recommendations on the care of people with chronic and progressive neurological disease. This study aimed to investigate whether these recommendations are understood by, acceptable to and used in practice by neurologists in Belgium.MethodsAn online survey was undertaken of 100 neurologists in Belgium, asking for their opinion on all of the recommendations in the Consensus document.ResultsSixty‐four of the neurologists replied. Overall, they expressed support for the recommendations, in particular open communication with patients, open assessment of patient and family needs, and discussion of dying. There was less understanding of the role of palliative care in the implementation of palliative care early in disease progression and the role of palliative care multidisciplinary teams.ConclusionsThe survey shows that many of the recommendations in the European Academy of Neurology/European Association for Palliative Care Taskforce on Neurology Consensus document are understood by neurologists, and several are now seen as part of normal clinical practice. However, there is still a need to develop a more collaborative approach between neurology and palliative care services, for the benefit of patients and families.
Influence of turning parameters on the high‐temperature fatigue performance of Inconel 718 superalloy
Authors: Galatolo R. , Fanteria D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe safety‐critical rotating parts of aircraft engines are mainly designed using experimental material data, based on standard specimens and procedures, while few data are available on the effect of manufacturing anomalies on fatigue life. In this context, the paper investigates the effects of different machining parameters on the high‐temperature fatigue resistance of Inconel 718 superalloy specimens, cut from engine disk forgings, machined by turning on a vertical lathe. An unconventional specimen was designed in order to have the machining marks aligned with the fatigue loading axis, so to reproduce the hoop stresses in engine disks. For the test campaign, three machining parameters were chosen (depth of cut, cutting speed and insert wear) that typically may generate non‐geometrical anomalies. A correlation has been found between the machining parameters, the residual stresses, the surface roughness, and the distorted and amorphous layer thicknesses. Correlations of such data with fatigue life are also presented and discussed.
Morphology of the female reproductive system of three dorippid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Dorippidae) and the role of accessory cuticle structures associated with seminal receptacles
Authors: Vehof Juliane , Scholtz Gerhard , Becker Carola 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reproductive systems of crabs reveal characters of considerable importance for the understanding of brachyuran phylogeny and evolution. The Dorippoidea show several plesiomorphic characters within Eubrachyura and similarities to podotreme crabs. Hence, they are often considered as an early diverging lineage, sometimes even as the sister group to all remaining eubrachyurans. Due to their role as prime candidates for putative plesiomorphic characters of the reproductive system of the Eubrachyura, we compared the morphology of the vaginae, seminal receptacles, and ovaries of three dorippid species using histological methods, micro‐computed tomography, and 3‐D reconstructions. Despite the putative phylogenetic position of dorippids, the female reproductive system shows features that are regarded as derived characters in eubrachyurans, including a concave vagina and a ventral‐type seminal receptacle. In contrast to other eubrachyurans, the oviduct does not enter the seminal receptacle directly but through specific cuticular valves. The female reproductive systems of Dorippe sinica and Dorippe quadridens are remarkable in further aspects. The seminal receptacles of both species are completely cuticle‐lined and have accessory sperm storage structures, the bursae. Our findings on the morphology of the female reproductive system of dorippids with its unique combination of basal, derived, and new characters challenges the prevailing hypothesis on the evolution of sperm storage organs in Eubrachyura.
Reproduction of Jun‐red glazes with nano‐sized copper oxide
Authors: Zhu Congxu , Wang Yabing , Lu Qiang , Zhao Hongxiao , Zhu Xuliang , Fa Wenjun , Zheng Zhi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNano sized copper oxide was firstly employed for producing Jun‐red glazes. A series of Jun‐red glazes were prepared by adjusting the copper oxide nanoparticle content and the valance state of elemental copper in the glaze matrix. The coloring and microstructure of each glaze was investigated by spectrophotometer, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, and transmission electron microscope. Under reducing conditions, the red glaze color gradually darkens with increasing CuO content from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%. Interestingly, the coloring of the samples fired under reducing atmosphere turned to be green‐blue, when the content of nanosized CuO was increased to 1.5 wt%. We also found that increased CuO content increases the size of phase separation in the glazes. As comparison, the coloring of samples fired without nanosized CuO are slightly blue under reducing atmosphere, which is attributed to the structural color generated owing to the Rayleigh scattering. Red color of the Jun glazes may arise from elemental copper nanoparticles. The current research utilizing modern nanotechnology provides a new insight into both the “furnace transmutation” and “color regulating” of the ancient Jun‐red glazes.
Joint evolution of differential seed dispersal and self‐fertilization
Authors: Iritani R. , Cheptou P.‐O. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDifferential seed dispersal, in which selfed and outcrossed seeds possess different dispersal propensities, represents a potentially important individual‐level association. A variety of traits can mediate differential seed dispersal, including inflorescence and seed size variation. However, how natural selection shapes such associations is poorly known. Here, we developed theoretical models for the evolution of mating system and differential seed dispersal in metapopulations, incorporating heterogeneous pollination, dispersal cost, cost of outcrossing and environment‐dependent inbreeding depression. We considered three models. In the ‘fixed dispersal model’, only selfing rate is allowed to evolve. In the ‘fixed selfing model’, in which selfing is fixed but differential seed dispersal can evolve, we showed that natural selection favours a higher, equal or lower dispersal rate for selfed seeds to that for outcrossed seeds. However, in the ‘joint evolution model’, in which selfing and dispersal can evolve together, evolution necessarily leads to higher or equal dispersal rate for selfed seeds compared to that for outcrossed. Further comparison revealed that outcrossed seed dispersal is selected against by the evolution of mixed mating or selfing, whereas the evolution of selfed seed dispersal undergoes independent processes. We discuss the adaptive significance and constraints for mating system/dispersal association.
HP30‐2, a mitochondrial PRAT protein for import of signal sequence‐less precursor proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rossig Claudia , Gray John , Valdes Oscar , Rustgi Sachin , von Wettstein Diter , Reinbothe Christiane , Reinbothe Steffen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChloroplasts and mitochondria contain a family of putative preprotein and amino acid transporters designated PRAT. Here, we analyzed the role of two previously characterized PRAT protein family members, encoded by At3g49560 (HP30) and At5g24650 (HP30‐2), in planta using a combination of genetic, cell biological and biochemical approaches. Expression studies and green fluorescent protein tagging identified HP30‐2 both in chloroplasts and mitochondria, whereas HP30 was located exclusively in chloroplasts. Biochemical evidence was obtained for an association of mitochondrial HP30‐2 with two distinct protein complexes, one containing the inner membrane translocase TIM22 and the other containing an alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase subunit (NDC1) implicated in a respiratory complex 1‐like electron transport chain. Through its association with TIM22, HP30‐2 is involved in the uptake of carrier proteins and other, hydrophobic membrane proteins lacking cleavable NH2‐terminal presequences, whereas HP30‐2's interaction with NDC1 may permit controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and activity.
Influence of packaging and product information on consumer perception of cosmetic creams—A case study
Authors: Gámbaro Adriana , Roascio Antonella , Boinbaser Lucía , Parente Emma 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe influence of packaging and packaging elements on consumer perception of cosmetic creams was studied. Two groups, each consisting of 100 respondents, rated five face skin care creams (one of which was imported) and evaluated the unpackaged and the packaged product, respectively. Respondents rated each sample in terms of overall liking and provided a description of sample attributes by means of a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) question. Packaging elements like product composition, product information, and brand image influenced both overall liking ratings and the choice of attributes used by respondents to describe the samples. Interestingly, the sheer presence of certain packaging elements elicited mention of a greater number of attributes, which were not always claimed on the packaging. These results clearly suggest a stimulating effect of packaging on the perception of consumers.Practical applicationsThis work provides information about the importance of packaging in consumers' perception of cosmetic creams. Packaging may provide information that leads consumers to focus on certain sensory attributes of products (such as odor and texture) even when these are not claimed explicitly. The choice of packaging elements can lead to either an improved or an impoverished appraisal of a cream's attributes and ultimately determine its commercial acceptability.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Candida albicans isolates from bloodstream and mucosal infections
Authors: Mandelblat Marina , Frenkel Michael , Abbey Darren , Ben Ami Ronen , Berman Judith , Segal Esther 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe interaction of Candida albicans with the host is of a complex nature involving fungal factors and host's response. In this study, we concentrated on the phenotypic expression of virulence attributes and genotypic characteristics of C. albicans isolates from two distinct clinical entities of candidiasis—blood stream and vaginal infections, and the possible role of these factors. Hence, we conducted a comparative in vitro assessment of virulence characteristics, including adhesion to epithelial cells and HaCat cell line, biofilm formation, aspartic proteinases and phospholipase activity of 20 C. albicans isolates from patients with C. albicans bloodstream infection and 22 isolates from patients with C. albicans vaginitis. Further, we studied the epigenetic phenotypic switching of the strains and their ploidy, by flow cytometry and CHEF techniques. These studies indicated that although no overall differentiation between the isolates of the two groups (bloodstream infection and vaginitis) could be demonstrated, several characteristics were more specific to one of the groups than the other. While the strains from vaginal infection had higher capacity to adhere, the strains from patients with bloodstream infection had higher activity of phospholipase. Differences were also noted in phenotypic switching, with the strains from bloodstream infection revealing primarily the “white” type colonies, known to be more virulent, and had higher DNA content. This study is unique considering the concurrent comparison of isolates from different clinical entities, at the phenotypic and genotypic level.
The clinical significance of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and hypercontractile esophagus in high resolution esophageal manometry
Authors: Schupack D. , Katzka D. A. , Geno D. M. , Ravi K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough major manometric abnormalities, the significance of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) and hypercontractile esophagus (HE) is poorly understood. We sought to determine long term outcomes for EGJOO and HE.MethodsHigh‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) studies conducted from 5/30/2012 to 8/1/2014 consistent with EGJOO and HE and normal studies from 5/30/12 to 11/1/12 were identified. Standardized follow up was conducted with a phone survey utilizing the impact dysphagia questionnaire (IDQ‐10).Key Results56 EGJOO, 40 HE patients and 33 controls were identified. Structural evaluation with EGD and esophagram did not differ among groups. Use of opiates in EGJOO (P<.05) and of anticholinergics in EGJOO and HE patients was more prevalent than in controls (P<.005). Dysphagia was more common in EGJOO (P<.05) and chest pain more common in HE (P<.005) at presentation. While HE patients were more likely to be symptomatic (P<.05), the majority of EGJOO and HE patients overall were asymptomatic at a mean 2.8 years follow up without medical or procedural intervention in the majority (72.5%). Symptom persistence at follow up was predicted by maximum distal contractile integral (DCI) and IRP in both EGJOO and HE (P<.05).Conclusions & InferencesThe majority of patients with EGJOO and HE appear to have a benign clinical course similar to controls in the absence of specific treatment. However, the combination of abnormal IRP and DCI in both HE and EGJOO appears to discriminate an important subset of patients who may benefit from treatment. Further refinement of manometric criteria may therefore provide more useful clinical definitions of EGJOO and HE.
Practice Patterns of Dermatologists in the Pediatric Contact Dermatitis Registry
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. , Lipp Michael B. , Suh Eric , Goldenberg Alina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesU.S. adults and children are equally likely to have allergic contact dermatitis. Historically the narrow geographic location of data‐reporting providers has quantitatively and qualitatively limited the pediatric contact dermatitis data. The Pediatric Contact Dermatitis Registry was used to evaluate self‐identified pediatric patch test providers within the United States with regard to demographic characteristics, geographic location, and practice patterns.MethodsA wide range of U.S. providers were invited to join the registry by completing a secure online 11‐question registration survey.ResultsThere were 252 respondents from 50 states and the District of Columbia; 28.6% were pediatric dermatologists and members of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD), and 38% were members of the American Contact Dermatitis Society. The cumulative range of pediatric patch‐test evaluations performed each year was 1,726 to 4,613 children. SPD members had a significantly greater likelihood of performing a commercially available patch test (odds ratio 7.14 [95% confidence interval 5.11, 9.97], p < .001) than those who were not SPD members. SPD members also had significantly lower odds of performing North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard tests than nonmembers.ConclusionsThe frequency of patch test evaluations in children is significantly underreported. This study provides insight into the practice patterns of various providers who are patch testing children and makes recommendations for evidence‐based modifications regarding these practices. Limitations of the study include survey responder selection bias and small sample size.
Acral Plexiform Palisaded Encapsulated Neuromas as the Initial Cutaneous Manifestation of Cowden Syndrome
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Mir Adnan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis associated with characteristic mucocutaneous findings of facial trichilemmomas, palmoplantar keratoses, sclerotic fibromas, and oral papillomas. Mucocutaneous neuromas have also been reported in association with CS. We describe a patient with CS whose sole cutaneous finding was palisaded encapsulated neuromas (PENs) with a plexiform growth pattern in an acral location. Along with previous reports, this case suggests that acral plexiform PENs may be an early, highly specific finding in CS and highlights the importance of screening these patients for PTEN mutation.
Astaxanthin as feed supplement in aquatic animals
Authors: Lim Keng Chin , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Shariff Mohamed , Kamarudin Mohd Salleh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAstaxanthin is a high value keto‐carotenoid pigment renowned for its commercial application in various industries comprising aquaculture, food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical. Among the verified bio‐resources of astaxanthin are red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. The supreme antioxidant property of astaxanthin reveals its tremendous potential to offer manifold health benefits among aquatic animals which is a key driving factor triggering the upsurge in global demand for the pigment. Numerous scientific researches devoted over a number of years have persistently demonstrated the instrumental role of astaxanthin in targeting several animal health conditions. This review article evaluates the current best available evidence to judge the beneficial usage of astaxanthin in aquaculture industry. Most apparent is the profound effect on pigmentation, where astaxanthin is frequently utilized as an additive in formulated diets to boost and improve the coloration of many aquatic animal species, and subsequently product quality and price. Moreover, the wide range of other physiological benefits that this biological pigment confers to these animals is also presented which include various improvements in survival, growth performance, reproductive capacity, stress tolerance, disease resistance and immune‐related gene expression.
Armeggerie, wedding chests and battles in fifteenth‐century Florence
Authors: Nethersole Scott 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn fifteenth‐century Florence, poets, composers and furniture painters all represented battles in their work. Staged battles, in the form of armeggerie, were also played out on the streets and in the squares of the Renaissance city. This article examines what links these bellicose representations, by paying particular attention to festival battles and cassone frontals. It considers two case studies: an armeggeria organized by Bartolomeo Benci in honour of Marietta Strozzi in 1464, and a pair of wedding chests ordered to celebrated the marriage of Piero Vettori to Caterina Rucellai around the same date. It concludes that battaglie encoded socio‐political alliances and that they were all understood as representational, whether painted or performed.