bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A potentially versatile nano-platform
Authors: Lee Yun-Sang , Jeong Jae Min 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Radionanomedicine is the medical field which uses radioisotope labeled nanomaterials for diagnostic, therapeutic or theranostic purposes. An amphiphile- encapsulation method has been developed to hydrophilize nanoparticles and the introduction of multifunctional ligands. A copper-free click chemistry has been applied for introduction of various ligands to the nanoparticles. The combination of the amphiphile-encapsulation method and click chemistry might provide a versatile nano-platform to radionanomedicine, which might contribute to the earlier clinical application of radionanomedicine for theragnosis of various diseases.
Proverbial rhetorical questions in colloquial Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Badarneh Muhammad A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigates a special variety of rhetorical questions in colloquial Jordanian Arabic, namely proverbial rhetorical questions: these are rhetorical questions used as proverbs with metaphorical content. Eighty-one instances of PRQs, ethnographically observed in everyday, naturally occurring conversations, were analyzed and their discursive role examined. It was found that PRQs are exploited by the interactants to serve a variety of pragmatic functions, namely invoking common ground in order to convey an opposite point of view, performing ritual impoliteness, performing face-enhancing and face-aggravating acts, evoking humor, and communicating irony. A common thread of these functions is the socioculturally shared presuppositions that underlie these formulaic PRQs and the role that metaphor plays in shaping and communicating messages in social interaction.
Partial Adherence to Voluntary Quality Standards for Experience Goods
Authors: Winfree Jason 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Since many types of food are experience goods and have a collective reputation, the food industry has various minimum quality standards. However, in the food industry, sometimes not all firms adhere to the standard, and consumers do not always distinguish between compliant and non-compliant firms. This paper finds that when there is only partial compliance, having a food quality standard or increasing compliance for the standard does not always increase profits for the firms adhering to the standard, even though average industry quality increases. Potential solutions to the free riding problem are analyzed.
Studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties ofLactobacillus rhamnosusin experimental animal models
Authors: Amdekar Sarika , Singh Vinod 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, constant use of NSAID may lead to some side effects like gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding and renal disorders. This study evaluates analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities ofLactobacillus rhamnosusin female Wistar rats.Methods: Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug for comparison.L. rhamnosus, drugs and vehicle were administered orally. Acetic acid-induced writhing test and carrageenan-induced paw edema model were used for evaluation. Paw edema and number of writhes were measured subsequently. Pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were estimated in serum after 24 h.Results: Results showed thatL. rhamnosussignificantly decreased the paw thickness at t=24 h by 28.66 % while drug decreased by 19.33 %. Also,L. rhamnosustreatment and standard drug showed a protection of 66.66 % and 41.66 %, respectively.L. rhamnosusand diclofenac sodium treatment significantly down-regulated pro-inflammatory and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines at p<0.0001. Overall, protection provided byL. rhamnosuswas more pronounced in comparison to diclofenac sodium.Conclusions: The present study clearly suggests thatL. rhamnosussuppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema after second phase and decreased the acetic acid-induced writhings. It ameliorated the inflammatory pathways by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, additional clinical investigations are needed to prove the efficacy ofL. rhamnosusin treatment/management of inflammatory joint diseases.
Genetic differentiation of the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius (Muridae, Rodentia), based on microsatellite polymorphism
Authors: Jo Yeong-Seok , Kim Han-Na , Baccus John T. , Jung Jongwoo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) is one of the most common mammals in Korea, however, limited research has focused on the population structure and biogeography of this mouse throughout Korea. In addition, the taxonomic status of the species remains unresolved. The objectives of our study were to address the inadequacies in understanding the population structure, biogeography, and taxonomic status of A. agrarius. We collected 160 samples from 13 localities throughout the South Korean Peninsula, two nearby islands and two remote islands. We used five microsatellite loci and estimated genetic diversity measures and populations divergence estimates (i.e. F
ST and R
ST) to address the objectives. Except for populations on the two remote islands, Jeju and Heuksan, the populations on the peninsula and nearby islands indicated low F
ST and R
ST values. The population structure based on microsatellite loci supported only one subspecies opposing three subspecies reported previously on the Korean Peninsula and nearby islands. However, populations on Jeju Island and Heuksan Island showed subspecific differences from each other and the populations on the Korean Peninsula and nearby islands. The information reported on the population genetics of the striped field mouse in Korea will allow resolving the taxonomy and biogeography of this species.
Fekete–Szegö problem for some starlike functions related to shell-like curves
Authors: Raina Ravinder Krishna , Sokół Janusz 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this note, we investigate the Fekete-Szegö problem for a class 𝓢𝒽 of functions f analytic in the open unit disc Δ = {z: |z| < 1} (and which is related to a shell-like curve associated with Fibonacci numbers) satisfying the conditions that

f
(
0
)
=
0
,

f
′

(
0
)
=
1

and

z

f
′

(
z
)

f
(
z
)

≺

1
+

τ
2

z
2

1
−
τ
z
−

τ
2

z
2

(
z
∈
Δ
)
,

$$f(0) = 0,\qquad f'(0) = 1\qquad {\text{and}}\qquad \frac{{zf'(z)}}{{f(z)}} \prec \frac{{1 + {\tau ^2}{z^2}}}{{1 - \tau z - {\tau ^2}{z^2}}}\quad (z \in \Delta ),$$

where ≺ denotes the subordination and the number

τ
=
(
1
−

5

)
/
2

$\tau = (1 - \sqrt 5 )/2$

is such that |τ| fulfils the golden section of the segment [0,1].
Global stability of an SEI model for plant diseases
Authors: Chen Yuming , Yang Junyuan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We propose an SEI epidemic model for plant diseases, which incorporates disease latency, disease-caused removal, and constant recruitment in both susceptible and exposed classes. Because of the recruitment and disease-caused removal, the total population is varying. It is shown that the model only has an endemic equilibrium and the equilibrium is globally stable.
Processing of polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite to fabricate graded electrospun composites for tendon-bone interface regeneration
Authors: Bayrak Ece , Ozcan Burak , Erisken Cevat 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The process of electrospinning is utilized with different approaches including conventional electrospinning, extrusion electrospinning, and electroblowing to form nanofibrous meshes and composites. Here, we report on the quality and properties of spatially graded polycaprolactone (PCL) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite meshes fabricated with multiple-spinneret electrospinning. The composite meshes were characterized in terms of the amount of spatially allocated nHA concentration across the mesh, fiber diameter, porosity, pore size, and hydrophilicity of meshes. Results show that linearly and continuously varying nHA concentration distribution, i.e. graded structure, can be accomplished across the mesh thickness using multiple-spinneret electrospinning, which is in accordance with the change of mineral concentration observed in native tendon-bone interface. Furthermore, incorporation of nanoparticles into nanofibers led to increased fiber diameter as depicted by a shift in fiber diameter distribution, a significant increase in mean fiber diameter from 361±9 nm to 459±21 nm, and an increase in contact angle from 120.01±2.77° to 115.24±1.17°. These findings suggest that the composite meshes formed in this study could serve as model systems to be used as scaffolds in tendon-bone tissue engineering application in particular, and for other tissue-tissue interfaces in a broader context.
Cell wall material strain hardening on dynamic responses of closed-cell foams
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Wang Zhihua , Zhao Longmao 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper focuses on the effects of the cell wall material strain hardening on the mechanical behavior of closed-cell foams subjected to the constant velocity loading. Three-dimensional Voronoi models were established to present the closed-cell foams, and the simulations were performed by employing Ls-dyna 971. The investigation found that the cell wall strain hardening could postpone the onset of the localized collapse bands and retard deformation mode transformation. Strain hardening convergence phenomenon was observed in the closed-cell foams; increasing the impact velocity could weaken the effect of the material strain hardening. The crushing stress at both impact and stationary sides were analyzed in detail. The material strain hardening could always enhance the plastic energy dissipation. Furthermore, the strain hardening convergence was also observed in the plateau stress at the impact side and plastic energy dissipation but not in the densification strain and the plateau at the stationary side.
Enhanced catalytic performance of β-FeOOH by coupling with single-walled carbon nanotubes in a visible-light-Fenton-like process
Authors: Fang Di , Yu Yaqun , Xu Zhihui , Liang Jiangru , Zhou Lixiang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes/akaganeite composite photocatalysts (CNTs/β-FeOOH) with different weight addition ratios of CNTs have been synthesized by a very simple hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the composite photocatalysts. This study investigates the oxidative degradation of methyl orange, a probe contaminant, by a heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like process over the prepared composite photocatalysts. The CNTs/β-FeOOH composites exhibit remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methyl orange in water under visible light irradiation as compared with bare β-FeOOH. The added CNTs have triple crucial roles in the promotion of photocatalytic activity of β-FeOOH. One is to trap electrons and effectively hinder recombination of the photoexcited carriers. Two is to act as a dispersing support to control the particle size of β-FeOOH in the CNTs/β-FeOOH composites. Three is to enhance the visible light absorption intensity. Finally, the catalytic mechanism of CNTs/β-FeOOH composite is proposed.
Fire protection design for composite lattice sandwich structure
Authors: Wang ChangXian , Chen Mingji , Yao Kai , Zhu Xiaolei , Fang Daining 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Composite lattice structures are of considerable mechanical property and multifunctional design flexibility. However, the relatively low operating temperature of polymer composite prevents its application in high temperature or fire-proofing structures. Here, we propose a type of lightweight composite lattice sandwich structure that is capable of fire proofing as well as load bearing. In our design, the composite lattice sandwich structure is filled with heat insulation materials to interdict the thermal radiation and convection between its two facesheets. The top facesheet of the structure is covered with intumescent coating to isolate fire. Moreover, thermoresistant resin or flame retardant is adopted in manufacturing the top facesheet to improve its thermoresistance. A design procedure has been developed for such kind of fire-proofing structure, by which the material and geometry of the structure can be determined according to the fire-proofing effect. It was demonstrated by experiment that a 30-mm-thick structure, designed by the present procedure, was able to isolate 945°C fire load on the exposed surface for 3600 s, keeping the unexposed surface temperature rise below 139°C.
The isotypic family of the diarsenates MM′As2O7 (M = Sr, Ba; M′ = Cd, Hg)
Authors: Weil Matthias 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The diarsenates MM′As2O7 (M = Sr, Ba; M′ = Cd, Hg) were prepared under hydrothermal conditions (~200 °C, autogenous pressure), starting from As2O5 and the corresponding metal oxides or precursor compounds thereof in aqueous solutions. Structure analyses on the basis of single crystal X-ray data revealed the four structures to be isotypic. They are the first diarsenates to crystallize in the triclinic BaZnP2O7 structure type (space group P1̅, Z = 2, a ≈ 5.8 Å, b ≈ 7.3 Å, c ≈ 7.6 Å, α ≈ 101°, β ≈ 91°, γ ≈ 98°). All related MM′As2O7 diarsenates reported so far (M = Sr, Ba, Pb; M′ = Mg, Co, Cu, Zn) crystallize in the monoclinic α-Ca2P2O7 structure type (P21/n, Z = 4). Hence, the size of the divalent M′ cation determines which of the two structure types is adopted.
The new barium compound Ba4Al7+x
: formation and crystal structure
Authors: Prots Yurii , Lange Felix , Drathen Christina , Schmidt Marcus , Grin Yuri 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Combining laboratory X-ray powder diffraction with in-situ high-temperature synchrotron experiments and differential scanning calorimetry, it has been shown that Ba21Al40, Ba3Al5, Ba7Al10 and Ba4Al5 decompose peritectically at 914, 826, 756, and 732°C, respectively. In addition, a new binary compound with the composition Ba4Al7+x
(x = 0.17) and the formation temperature of 841°C was found. The initial structural model (space group P63/mmc, a = 6.0807(1), c = 39.2828(8) Å) with four Ba and five Al crystallographic positions was developed. It is based on the intergrowth concept involving the neighboring Ba21Al40 and Ba3Al5 phases and the derived atomic arrangement is subsequently refined using X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structures of all phases in the Ba–Al system, except BaAl4, exhibit Kagomé nets of aluminum atoms resembling those observed for the B atoms in the Laves phases AB
2. In the crystal structure of Ba4Al7+x
, single Kagomé layers alternate with double slabs (MgZn2 motif) along [001] and are separated by Ba cations. Intergrowth features of Ba4Al7+x
are discussed together with the neighboring Ba–Al compounds and Sr5Al9.
Nematicidal effect of plumbagin on Caenorhabditis elegans: a model for testing a nematicidal drug
Authors: Chaweeborisuit Phantip , Suriyonplengsaeng Chinnawut , Suphamungmee Worawit , Sobhon Prasert , Meemon Krai 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Plumbagin, (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a natural substance found in the roots of plant species in the genus Plumbago, has been used as a traditional medicine against many diseases. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model for testing the anthelmintic effect of plumbagin. The compound exhibited a nematicidal effect against all stages of C. elegans: L4 was least susceptible, while L1 was most susceptible to plumbagin with an LC50 of 220 and 156 μM, respectively. Plumbagin inhibited C. elegans development from L1 to adult stages with an IC50 of 235 μM, and body length was also reduced at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml. Brood sizes decreased from 203±6 to 43±6 and 18±3 eggs per hatch in plumbagin-treated worms at 10, 25, 50 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, plumbagin was lethal to strains resistant to the nematicides levamisole, albendazole, and ivermectin, indicating that it possesses a strong and unique nematicidal action. Plumbagin decreased the number of mitochondria in hypodermal and intestinal cells and body wall muscles and damaged the ultrastructure of these tissues. Taken together, plumbagin may be a new drug against parasitic nematodes.
Evaluación del enfoque intercultural bilingüe en educación primaria indígena: Estudio de caso en la región indígena Los Altos, Chiapas
Authors: Viveros-Márquez José 
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the EIB (Bilingual Intercultural approach, by its acronym in Spanish) in an elementary indigenous school located in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. This school is characterized by the cultural and linguistic diversity represented by the integration of teachers, students and parents of tseltal and tsotsil origin. We use the evaluation model CIPP (context, input, process and product) and complemented it with school ethnography, using semi-structured interviews (director and supervisor), participant observation (classroom sessions), focus group interviews to teachers and parents and a sociolinguistic questionnaire to students. The theoretical framework retrieves the core theoretical elements of the EIB, by reviewing and analysing bilingual education, bilingual bicultural education (biculturalism), pedagogical interculturalism and the intercultural bilingual approach. The main findings of this study show that, in practice, intercultural bilingual indigenous education has not transcended the bilingual dimension (the indigenous language teaching). Interculturalism is not yet clearly integrated in the speech nor in the educational practice of the studied school. The EIB implementation is still limited and responds to sociocultural, linguistic, political, educational and teacher training conditions that characterize the local educational context and are not favorable to enhance the effective implementation of the EIB in the primary school.
El patio iluminado, de Manuel Mujica Láinez. Modelización de un análisis integral del discurso
Authors: González Daniela Soledad 
Published: May 2016

For a complete understanding of a text, it must be addressed in an integrated way, linking the various levels of analysis and using various linguistic disciplines to explain it. In this paper, the text El patio iluminado, by Manuel Mujica Lainez, is analyzed considering the following aspects: graphic superstructure, semantic superstructure, pragmatic macrostructure, microstructure, propositional level, register, speech acts, explicatures, implicatures, rhetorical procedures, politeness strategies and polyphony. The aim of this paper is to provide an integrated textual analysis model to teachers –especially to those of superior level– to be used when explaining issues related to Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis.
An Investigation of Cohesion and Rhetorical Moves in Thesis Abstracts
Authors: Luthfiyah L , Alek A , Fahriany F 
Published: May 2016

This study aimed at investigating cohesion and rhetorical moves in thesis abstracts of English Education students. This study employed a qualitative research design in which 10 abstracts were chosen as samples. The cohesion is analyzed based on Halliday's and Hasan's concept while rhetorical moves are analyzed based on Swales' and Feak's framework. The results show that all cohesive devices are used except substitution. Among those devices, reference is the most frequently used. The results also show that some cohesive devices are used incorrectly. As a result, seven abstracts (70%) are still in medium category of cohesion level while three abstracts (30%) are in high category of cohesion level. Furthermore, 7 abstracts are organized in different move patterns which do not follow the Swales' and Feak's framework. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that most of the abstract samples achieve medium category level of cohesion, and the rhetorical moves in most of the abstracts samples are not organized well. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3086
A Study of Avoidance Strategy of Face Threat of Native Speaker and Non-Native Speaker by Using Goffman’s Face-Work Theory
Authors: Pandarangga Salmon 
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the avoidance strategy of face threat by English native speaker and non-native speaker who learnt other language e.g. English. This study used Irving Goffman’s face-work theory and its relation to avoidance face threat as a framework. 2 participants (one Australian and one Indonesian) took part in this study. Both participants were interviewed in English language in English speaking environment for about 30 minutes each. The participants were asked to tell about their hobbies with some open-ended questions. This study focused on spoken sentences produced by both interviewees that indicated avoidance of face threat. The findings revealed that the native speaker and non-native speaker reacted differently to avoid face threat. In addition, they also had their own strategy to avoid the face threat. This study concluded that different cultures significantly contributed to the strategy of avoidance of face threat. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3087
Reviewing the Curriculum of an English Department of A Private University in Indonesia
Authors: Silalahi Rentauli Mariah 
Published: May 2016

Curriculum is a very important guideline as any teacher should have to develop syllabuses, lesson plans, and teaching materials. This study aims at evaluating the current curriculum of the English department of one of the private universities in Indonesia, Sisingamangaraja University (pseudonym); a teacher training college. This study is trying to look at the content of the curriculum to meet the criteria of a good curriculum. The documented data used were collected from the Head of the University’s English department. Further, the author also conducted interviews to the Head of the English department and some of the English department’s current students. It is expected that the outcome of this study will bring some recommendations to the institution necessary to improve the studied curriculum and it is not unlikely that the recommendations can also be useful for English teachers elsewhere. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3088
The Effectiveness of Mindmapping in Improving Students’ Writing Skill Viewed from Their IQ
Authors: Suyanto Adi 
Published: May 2016

This research aims to know whether the mindmapping technique is more effective than the modeling technique in teaching writing, whether the writing skill of the students having high Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is better than that of those having low IQ in learning English, and whether there is an interaction between teaching techniques and students IQ in teaching writing. The research was carried out at SMPN 1 Prambon Nganjuk East Java using experimental method. The subject of the research was each 36 students of the seventh grade 9 and the seventh grade 8. The experimental class used mind-mapping technique and the control class used modeling technique. The data was analyzed by the data using ANOVA or analysis of variance and Tukey test. The findings revealed that: (1) the mind-mapping technique was effectivein improving students’ writing skill (2) the writing skill of the students having high IQ is better than that of those having low IQ; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching techniques and students’ IQ. Therefore mind-mapping technique is an effective technique to improve the students’ writing skill. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3089