bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Verification of the Technical Conditions of a Combat-Trainer Jet’s Airframe
Authors: Kurdelski Marcin , Stefaniuk Michał , Zieliński Wojciech , Bartoszek Tomasz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The combat-trainer jet aircraft is an important element in the process of fighter pilot training. This type of aircraft provides a means of transition from basic training on low-speed propeller trainers to piloting high-speed and highly maneuverable fighter aircraft. Nowadays, in Poland, the PZL TS-11 “ISKRA” jet trainers, designed in 1960s, are employed for training purposes. Because of financial considerations this trainer hasn’t been yet replaced by modern aircraft that conforms to current specifications and needs.
As is the case with other aircraft in service of the PLAF, the TS-11 fleet has a large reserve of remaining Hourly Service Life (HSL). This opens an opportunity to extend the Calendar Service Life (CSL), so as it matches the HSL. To this end, a series of technical and research activities needed to be undertaken. The Air Force Institute of Technology is conducting the necessary verification of airframe structural conditions in cooperation with the Military Aviation Works No. 1 J.S.C. (branch in Dęblin) responsible for the overhaul and repair operations.
The AFIT’s activities in this program include:

deformation analysis of the selected surface areas of the wing and the fuselage;

assessment of hidden corrosion in riveted joints;

non-destructive testing of selected riveted joints.

This paper describes the deformation analysis. As of today, the first stage of the deformation inspection has been completed. At this stage, baseline surface measurements were obtained. Further inspections shall be performed cyclically. The future measurements will be used to establish the areas that deform due to the aircraft operation.
Predictive Models for Transient Loads of the Vertical Stabilizer of an Aircraft developed using Canonican Correlation Analision
Authors: Dziendzikowski Michał , Zieliński Wojciech , Obrycki Łukasz , Woch Marta , Synaszko Piotr , Dragan Krzysztof , Leski Andrzej 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Knowledge about loads occurring in the structure during aircraft operation is vital from the point of view of the damage tolerance approach to aircraft design. In the best-life scenario, such information could be available from a network of sensors, e.g. strain gauges, installed in the aircraft structure to measure local stresses. However, operational loads monitoring (OLM) systems are still not widely applied. Instead, what is available is a set of flight parameters, which by the laws of inertia and aerodynamics help determine the dominant part of loads acting on a given element. This paper discusses the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) as a method for selecting the flight parameters used to predict aircraft loads. CCA allows for the identification of both different modes of stress distribution as well as flight parameters which are best suited for their prediction. The paper presents the application of this method to identify loads acting on the vertical stabilizer of an aircraft.
Conception of New Air Target SZERSZEŃ-2
Authors: Samoraj Piotr , Sałaciński Michał 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The project to introduce modifications to the air target SZERSZEŃ has been undertaken by the Air Force Institute of Technology. SZERSZEŃ has been used by the Polish Army for 10 years, during which time a number of modifications were introduced. Given this fact, it was decided to develop a new version of this UAV based on the experience gained during its maintenance and operation.
Another aspect of this project is to focus on improving the repeatability of production by optimizing the technology processes. To achieve this aim the new instrumentation for the production of composite parts in prepreg technology was designed. The paper reviews the production possibilities for this aircraft using a new technology and presents the advantages of the modified construction and the new technology.
The Effect of Superalloy Structure on Ultrasonic Wave Parameters
Authors: Nawrocki Jacek , Gancarczyk Kamil , Manaj Wojciech , Albrecht Robert , Cygan Rafał , Krupa Krzysztof 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper analyses the nickel based superalloy Inconel 713C casts typically used in high and low pressure turbines of aircraft engines. The ingots were manufactured in the Research and Development Laboratory for Aerospace Materials at the Rzeszów University of Technology. The superalloy structures were analysed by the following methods: X-ray diffraction orientation measurement and ultrasonic wave propagation. Ultrasonic techniques are mainly used to measure the blade wall’s thickness. Measurement accuracy is determined by the velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the material tested. This work evaluates the effect of the nickel-based superalloy microstructure on the velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagation. Three different macrostructures: equiax (EQ), directionally solidified (DS) and single crystal (SX) were analysed. The authors determined the crystal misorientation in the obtained casts as the deviation of [001] crystallographic direction from the withdrawal axis or the main axis of the ingots. The measurements performed allowed researchers to identify significant differences in the wave velocity between EQ, DS and SX structures.
Preparation of Samples used in Fatigue Testing of Aircraft Materials
Authors: Manaj Wojciech , Wronicz Wojciech , Michałowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The application of a new type of alloy requires the evaluation of its properties, which is typically achieved with destructive methods. For this purpose, among others, static and fatigue mechanical tests are performed. Tests are performed on standardized samples in a way which reflects the level of stress occurring in real elements. These tests should limit random errors associated with sample preparation. For this reason the proper preparation of samples is crucial, not only in terms of their geometric dimensions but also in terms of the residual stress level. A sample preparation process was developed, involving checking samples’ surface for cracks, scratches, roughness, and the state of stress. The measurements are performed with nondestructive methods so as not to affect the proceeding research.
In this study, the residual stress and features of a mechanically prepared surface were characterized. The specimens were subjected to various surface finishes mainly, lathe turning and grinding surface conditions. The effects of residual surface stress (measured by XRD) were studied after machining and polishing.
The Impact of Damage in Inconel 718 on Hardness Measured by the Vickers Method
Authors: Malicki Maciej , Madejski Bartosz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To prevent failure of machine components it is necessary to measure material damage generated in a component throughout its entire lifetime. Damage can be quantified by means of damage parameters. This paper considers the usefulness of hardness measurements to evaluate damage parameter in Inconel 718. Vickers hardness tests were performed on a specimen with a variable cross section area after tensile testing. The specimen’s geometry enabled the evaluation of damage parameter in respect of hardness measurements made on one individual specimen.
Right to the Truth and International Jurisprudence as the “Conscience” of Humanity. Comparative Insights from the European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights
Authors: Oriolo Anna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent decades, the right to the truth has increasingly come to the attention of international scholars and jurisprudence. Moving from the recognition of truth as a right in the international arena and exploring the reconstruction and evolution of the right to the truth in the international human rights courts’ case-law, the following analysis focuses on the ECtHR and IACtHR insights in a comparative perspective to conclude on the emerging trends of the Strasbourg Court and the Court of San José in interpreting and applying the right to the truth, thereby acting as the “conscience” of the whole of humanity.
Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the purple betony herb (Stachys officinalis L.) originated from cultivation
Authors: Bączek Katarzyna , Kosakowska Olga , Przybył Jarosław L. , Węglarz Zenon 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Introduction: Purple betony (Stachys officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is a perennial of versatile medicinal usage. Nowadays, in Poland betony herb is collected exclusively from wild growing plants. Decreasing number of its natural sites results in lack of the herb supply and thus, in its limited usage.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the age of plant and term of raw material harvest on its yield and quality in cultivation conditions.

Methods: The observations were carried out on 2- and 3-year-old plants. During vegetation the herb was collected for four times. The raw material was subjected to chemical analysis. Tannins (as pyrogallol equivalent) were determined according to Polish Pharmacopoeia, phenolic acids and flavonoids – by HPLC.

Results: The mass of herb, both in the second and third year, had increased from the beginning of vegetation up to seed setting. The highest content of tannins was found in the herb collected at the vegetative stage of plant development (2.05% in the second and 2.91% in the third year). Four phenolic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids) and five flavonoid compounds (orientin, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, apigenin-3-glucoside, apigenin) were identified in the obtained raw materials. In these groups, the dominant compounds were caffeic acid and apigenin. The highest content of caffeic acid was found at the beginning of plant vegetation, whereas apigenin – at the stage of full blooming and seed setting.

Conclusion: In cultivation conditions, purple betony produces high mass of herb which may be used as a valuable raw material in herbal industry.
The effect of soil type and soil additives on the selected growth parameters and yield of flowerheads of Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Ratajczak Karolina , Sulewska Hana , Szymańska Grażyna , Wolna-Maruwka Agnieszka , Faligowska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Introduction: Soil additives, which usually contain nutrients and microorganism, can improve soil conditions for plants. There are still few papers dedicated to the application of soil additives in herb plants, especially in calendula.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected soil additives on growth and yield of calendula.

Methods: In a pot experiment first order factor was a type of soil: mineral soil with straw, mineral soil and organic soil. The second order factor was soil additive: control, UG Max, EM1 and PRP SOL.

Results: The application of UG Max and PRP SOL increased the yield of dry matter of flowerheads by respectively 48.1% and 46.3% in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions: UG Max and PRP SOL proved to be the most useful soil additive for calendula growing. The effect of UG Max and PRP SOL was particularly good on organic soil.
Influence of storage and pre-sowing treatment of southern sweet-grass seeds on their germination and initial growth of seedlings
Authors: Bączek Katarzyna , Pióro-Jabrucka Ewelina , Pawełczak Anna , Węglarz Zenon 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Introduction: Southern sweet-grass (Hierochloë australis /Schrad./ Roem. et Schult., Poaceae) is a perennial tuft-grass occurring in North-Eastern part of Europe. Its leaves are collected from wild growing plants as an aromatic raw material used in alcohol industry. Due to overharvest, attempts to introduce the plant into cultivation have been undertaken.

Objective: This work aims to assess the influence of southern sweet-grass seeds (spikelets) storage and pre-sowing treatment on their germination and the initial growth of seedlings.

Methods: The seeds were assessed directly after harvest and after 6, 18 and 30 months of storage. The investigated parameters, i.e. 1000 seed weight, moisture content, germinability and viability of seeds (tetrazoline test) were determined according to ISTA.

Results: After 30 months of storage, the germinability of seeds decreased from 42.6 (after harvest) to 4.6% but their viability remained high (70.9%). Stratification, short rinse of stratified seed in H2SO4 and application of KNO3 or GA3 had increased the seeds germination (over 70%).

Conclusion: Southern sweet-grass seeds become dormant shortly after maturing. The improvement of germination requires the application of combined treatments, i.e. stratification, scarification and growth-promoting substances.
Antibacterial activity of Tribulus terrestris methanol extract against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli
Authors: Batoei Sara , Mahboubi Mohaddese , Yari Reza 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Introduction:
Tribulus terrestris L. is traditionally used for treatment of urinary tract infections. Escherichia coli, as the most prominent agent of urinary tract infections, can be sensitive to T. terrestris extract.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of T. terrestris methanol extract against clinical isolates of E. coli from urinary tract infections. Saponins were determined as main constituents of T. terrestris methanol extract.

Methods: The antibacterial activities of T. terrestris methanol extract were evaluated by micro-broth dilution assay. The synergistic effects of T. terrestris methanol extract were screened with gentamicin by micro titer plate and disc diffusion assays. The isobologram curve was figured and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) was determined.

Results: The saponin content of T. terrestris methanol extract was 54% (w/w). The means of MIC and MBC values for E. coli clinical isolates (n=51) were 3.5±0.27 and 7.4±0.5 mg/ml while these amounts were 3.9±1.3 and 6.4±1.8 μg/ml for gentamicin. T. terrestris methanol extract and gentamicin had synergistic effect with FICI equal to 0.1375.

Conclusion: Therefore, T. terrestris can be applicable as alternative treatment in management of urinary tract infections.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and their fractions from three Eryngium L. species
Authors: Kikowska Małgorzata , Długaszewska Jolanta , Kubicka Marcelina Maria , Kędziora Izabela , Budzianowski Jaromir , Thiem Barbara 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Introduction: Due to increasing resistance against antibiotics and antifungal agents, crude plant extracts, fractions, and isolated pure compounds became a new interest as antimicrobial agents.

Objectives: The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts and fractions of Eryngium planum L., E. campestre L., and E. maritimum L. was evaluated against selected bacteria, yeast and mould, and compared in tested Eryngium species and in their organs.

Methods: The antimicrobial activity was studied with use of broth microdilution method. The antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) activity of selected extracts and fractions compared with the reference substance was expressed by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC). The extract and fraction compounds were identified on the basis of TLC examination.

Results: The saponin-phenolic acid fractions of E. maritimum and E. planum and a saponin fraction of E. planum showed the highest activity against S. aureus (MIC = 1–2.5 mg·ml−1). The growth of C. albicans was inhibited by methanolic extract of E. planum cell suspension culture (MIC = 7.8 mg·ml−1).

Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity depends on the Eryngium species, tested biomass, and microorganism.
Persistence of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl in qat leaves
Authors: Al-Rajab A.J. , Alhababy A.M. , Alfaifi T. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Qat leaves are chewed on a daily basis by approximately 10 million inhabitants of different countries. This study investigated the persistence of three insecticides most used in qat production, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl. These chemicals were applied separately on plots of ten qat trees each at the recommended application rates. Samples of qat leaves were collected separately at time 0 (1 h post-treatment) and 1, 3, 7, 12, 19, 26 and 37 days after application. The residues of the investigated pesticides were extracted and then quantified by liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). The half-lives of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl were 12.2, 11.7, and 5.1 days, respectively. Overall, our findings showed that imidacloprid and acetamiprid were more persistent than methomyl in qat leaves. Taking into account the maximum residue limits (MRL) in lettuce, due to lack of MRL in qat leaves, the residue concentrations were below MRL for imidacloprid 7 days after application, and 1 day after application for acetamiprid and methomyl.
Bioecology of Nephopterygia austeritella (Lep.: Pyralidae), a potential biological control agent of Prosopis farcta (Fabaceae) in central Iran
Authors: Mohammadi-Khoramabadi A. , Alipanah H. , Belokobylskij S. , Nematollahi M.R. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Prosopis farcta (Fabaceae) is a native and common perennial weed plant in Iran. In search of environmental-friendly control methods against P. farcta, we discovered the seed feeder moth Nephopterygia austeritella (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) in central Iran and studied its bioecology for the first time from 2008 through 2009. Infestation pattern, larval feeding behaviour, developmental period, seasonal occurrence and the adverse impact of the moth on the reproductive organs of P. farcta were investigated. Diagnostic morphological characters of the fifth larval instar of N. austeritella are provided. Two gregarious ectoparasitoids were reared and identified as Apanteles subcamilla and Phanerotoma leucobasis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Mortality rates of the larvae were 3.03 and 13.44% in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Larvae destroyed 29.6-38.4% of the pods of their host plants. The potential of N. austeritella as an efficient biological control agent in IPM programs against P. farcta is discussed.
To Communicate is to Negotiate
Authors: Wolton Dominique 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Considering that the beginning of the 21st century saw the emergence of a third meaning of the word “to communicate” – to negotiate, the author sets out to explore the challenges it supposes in today’s dangerous, multipolar world, where the respect for alterity and the construction of cohabitation have become the keys of peace and war. The author concludes that the political challenge of communication in the 21st century will be to enable the peaceful cohabitation of the same and the different in open societies, where economy will no longer be the only horizon of human beings.
The Schengen Space and the Primary Form of the European Legal Humanism. Revisiting Tony Honoré’s Opus, Ulpianus. Pioneer of Human Rights
Authors: Ciucă Valeriu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The author proposes here “the first Romanian attempt at a hermeneutic systematization of the philosophy of European law”, a field that is approached from an organic, integrating perspective. It has to be seen as a synchronic lectio magistralis on the ineluctable role of the spiritual roots when deciphering and assuming national identity. The complicated “euronomosophical” discourse, whose beginning is an excellent page of self-history about the “Europe” of the author, voices an appeal to a deeper self-knowledge. A complex, dynamic reality: from euromyth to euro-oniria and PaxEuropaea. Such incursions into the universe of law certainly involve an instructive and pedagogical side, building a patchwork of ideas, suggestions and themes that could be further developed.
Mainstream Media Discourse! Or the Divine Word of the Postmodern?
Authors: Rhimi Yasser 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper calls into question the growing tendency of quasi-absolutism within postmodern mainstream media discourse under the guise of objectivity. The tendency’s major aim is to ascribe more believability to its discourse by re-presenting that which it covers as the vehicle of objective truth to the mainstream audience. Two interweaving discourses have marked such objectivity: one in the form of indoctrinating and omnipresent narratives, which via effective propaganda become tantamount to ritualism, the other epitomised in the nostalgia for rationalisation, already inherent in western positivist thought through the exponential increase of quasi-empiricism (e.g. investigative reporting or speculative statistics). Accordingly, what the media cover exists. What they do not remains in the order of myth. The article starts by rethinking objectivity within modern western academia, a discourse whose objectivity is already flawed from within. Then, with respect to human experience and media coverage, the paper concludes by raising the question of postmodern mainstream media’s substitution of religious quasi-absolutist narratives, be they secular or non-secular. Subjectivity thus emerges as the ultimate ground upon which our being may be legitimate.
Symmetrical Geometry of Flowers in Art and Nature “The Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem”
Authors: Ungureanu Cristian 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of our study is to highlight the obvious similarities that exist between the organizational structures of the biological world, particularly in terms of the number and distribution of the petals on flower and the geometric configurations used by the great masters of European painting, both in the East but also in the West, in order to elaborate the compositional framework of paintings and icons. Taking into consideration the symbolic connotations concerning the field of biology (the primary focus this article), we chose as a case study the Russian icon from the 14th century entitled “The Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem”, exhibited and venerated across the orthodox world on Palm Sunday. Starting with the circle of the aureole of Jesus, we have marked the harmonic series of concentric circles that are distributed across the nodal points of some regular polygons with seven and nine sides, which make reference to the ergonomic formulas of distribution of the petals on a flower and highlight the fact that the beauty of the natural world was and still is the main source of inspiration in the world of arts.
Post-mortem Photography: the Edge Where Life Meets Death?
Authors: Borgo Melania , Licata Marta , Iorio Silvia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhy would we ever take a picture of a dead person? This practice began as a way to perpetuate the image of the deceased, rendering their memory eternal – Victorians thought that it could be useful to have portraits of their dead loved ones. Certainly, subjects inpost-mortemphotos will be remembered forever. However, we must ask two more questions. Are they people portrayed as if they were still alive? Or on the other hand, are they bodies that represent death? Our paper takes an in-depth look at different iconographical styles as well as photographic techniques and religious and ethical reasons behindmemento moriphotos during the Victorian Age.