bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 allele diversity and its extended haplotypes in Madeira Island (Portugal)
Authors: Spínola H. , Lemos A. , Couto A. R. , Parreira B. , Soares M. , Dutra I. , Bruges‐Armas J. , Brehm A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis study shows, for the first time, high‐resolution allele frequencies of HLA‐DQA1 loci in Madeira Island (Portugal) and allows us to better understand and refine present knowledge on DQB1 variation, with the identification of several alleles not previously reported in this population. Estimates on haplotype profile, involving HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1, are also reported.
Permanent His Bundle Pacing: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: SHARMA PARIKSHIT S. , ELLENBOGEN KENNETH A. , TROHMAN RICHARD G. 
Published: December 2016

Permanent His Bundle PacingLong‐term right ventricular (RV) apical pacing has been associated with an increased risk of death, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation (AF). Alternative sites for RV pacing have not proven to be superior to RV apical pacing. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using a biventricular (BiV) lead system is indicated for patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction and QRS prolongation, but there remains about a 25–30% nonresponse rate. CRT has been less effective for nonleft bundle branch block conduction delay and with normal/low normal left ventricular function. Over the past decade, there have been more data on the feasibility and advantages of pacing at the His Bundle (HB) region. We review the anatomy and physiology of the HB, the available data on permanent HB pacing, its current and potential future applications.
Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes—Care Transitions: Enhancing Geriatric Care Transitions Through a Multidisciplinary Videoconference
Authors: Farris Grace , Sircar Mousumi , Bortinger Jonathan , Moore Amber , Krupp J. Elyse , Marshall John , Abrams Alan , Lipsitz Lewis , Mattison Melissa 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether a novel videoconference that connects an interdisciplinary hospital‐based team with clinicians at postacute care sites improves interprofessional communication and reduces medication errors.DesignProspective cohort.SettingOne tertiary care medical center and eight postacute care sites.ParticipantsHospital‐based providers (hospitalists, geriatricians, pharmacists, social workers, medical trainees, and subspecialists) and postacute care clinicians.InterventionAll patients discharged to eight postacute care sites were discussed in a weekly videoconference.MeasurementPreliminary data including demographic characteristics of the patients discussed, postacute care provider satisfaction survey results, and data on medication errors are reported.ResultsOver 2 years, 907 patients were discussed; 84.6% were discussed with staff at subacute skilled nursing facilities and the remainder with clinicians at one long‐term acute care facility. They had an average hospital length of stay of 6.8 days. Postacute care providers felt that the videoconference enhanced communication and provided much‐needed access to information and hospital staff. Of the 106 pharmacy discrepancies identified, 16% involved an omission of a medication.ConclusionAs increasing numbers of older adults are discharged to postacute care facilities, they face high‐risk care transitions. Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes—Care Transitions (ECHO‐CT) facilitates interdisciplinary communication between hospital and postacute care providers, who normally have minimal interaction. Preliminary data suggests that ECHO‐CT may improve the transitions of care processes between these sites.
African Urbanization: Assimilating Urban Metabolism into Sustainability Discourse and Practice
Authors: Currie Paul Klugman , Musango Josephine Kaviti 
Published: December 2016

SummaryShaping sustainable, equitable African cities requires strengthened investigations into the cities’ current resource flows, infrastructure systems, and future resource requirements. The field of urban metabolism (UM) offers multiple forms of analysis with which to map, analyse, and visualize urban resource profiles. Challenges in assessing UM in African cities include data scarcity at the city level, difficulty in tracking informal flows, lack of standardized methods, and the open nature of cities. However, such analyses are needed at the local level, given that city practitioners cannot rely purely on urban planning traditions of the global North or the typically broad studies about urban Africa, for supporting strategies toward sustainable urban development. This article aims to draw together the concepts of sustainable development and UM and explore their application in the African context. Further, the article estimated resource profiles for 120 African cities, including consumption of biomass, fossil fuels, electricity, construction materials, and water, as well as emissions of carbon dioxide. These resource profiles serve as a baseline from which to begin assessing the current and future resource intensity of these cities. It also provides insights into the cities’ relative resource impact, future consumption trends, and potential options for sustainability interventions.
Coexistence Opportunities for Coal Seam Gas and Agribusiness
Authors: Mehreen Syeda U. , Underschultz Jim R. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAustralia's prospects to become a key energy exporter in the Asia‐Pacific region has driven rapid development and expansion of its coal seam gas (CSG) industry, particularly in regional Queensland, Australia. The vast majority of Australia's current CSG developments and reserves are situated in agriculture‐rich, cattle‐grazing regions; therefore, it is critical to identify symbiotic relationships between agri‐based industries and the CSG industry to achieve beneficial coexistence. The CSG industry has generated infrastructure such as gas and water pipelines, water storage and treatment facilities, transportation and electricity networks, and other CSG‐associated services (e.g., accommodation, education, and medical facilities), which have the potential to improve regional communities and facilitate economic growth. This article aims to investigate these coexistence opportunities, including the use of by‐products (mainly water produced during CSG extraction), infrastructure, and services generated from the CSG industry, which can provide value to the local industries. Focusing on the cattle value chain, the authors suggest an agri‐based industrial coexistence model that indicates material‐water flows and optimized utilization of infrastructure that not only promote coexistence between the agribusiness and CSG industries, but expand the cattle value‐chain productivity in rural Queensland. A water balance has been conducted around the suggested coexistence model with the aim of quantifying water flows, to indicate the supply versus demand scenario associated with CSG‐sourced water production. The results of the water balance indicate that CSG water supply has the potential to meet the requirements of agribusiness promoting industries.
Zygomatic bone shape in intentional cranial deformations: a model for the study of the interactions between skull growth and facial morphology
Authors: Ketoff S. , Girinon F. , Schlager S. , Friess M. , Schouman T. , Rouch P. , Khonsari R. H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntentional cranial deformations (ICD) were obtained by exerting external mechanical constraints on the skull vault during the first years of life to permanently modify head shape. The repercussions of ICD on the face are not well described in the midfacial region. Here we assessed the shape of the zygomatic bone in different types of ICDs. We considered 14 non‐deformed skulls, 19 skulls with antero‐posterior deformation, nine skulls with circumferential deformation and seven skulls with Toulouse deformation. The shape of the zygomatic bone was assessed using a statistical shape model after mesh registration. Euclidian distances between mean models and Mahalanobis distances after canonical variate analysis were computed. Classification accuracy was computed using a cross‐validation approach. Different ICDs cause specific zygomatic shape modifications corresponding to different degrees of retrusion but the shape of the zygomatic bone alone is not a sufficient parameter for classifying populations into ICD groups defined by deformation types. We illustrate the fact that external mechanical constraints on the skull vault influence midfacial growth. ICDs are a model for the study of the influence of epigenetic factors on craniofacial growth and can help to understand the facial effects of congenital skull malformations such as single or multi‐suture synostoses, or of external orthopedic devices such as helmets used to correct deformational plagiocephaly.
Illness management and recovery program for mental health problems: reducing symptoms and increasing social functioning
Authors: Tan Chay Huang Sharon , Ishak Rohaida Binte , Lim Tan Xiong Gentatsu , Marimuthusamy Palaniappan , Kaurss Kuldip , Leong Jern‐Yi Joseph 
Published: December 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Illness Management and Recovery Program in comparison with the current standard of care in terms of reduction of symptoms, rehospitalisation rates and social functioning in Asia.BackgroundFocus of treatment for Mental Health had been shifted from mere management of symptoms to that of achievement of recovery. In the recovery process, strategies to achieve higher level of functioning were used (Psychiatric Services 2014, 65, 171). However, two main factors hindered clients from attaining recovery: first, the lack of Mental Health resources in the community and second the negative attitudes of healthcare professionals towards mental illness (American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 2012, 15, 131). Hence, it is essential to implement an effective programme that will train mental health professionals to use more effective techniques and materials in helping the clients to better integrate into society by achieving skills in their attempt to work towards recovery.DesignThis study adopts a time series experimental quantitative design.MethodsFifty participants who consented to the study were randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in the experimental group received the experimental management and recovery programme, while the control group received standard care management by the community psychiatric nurses for a period of 12 months.ResultsParticipants in the experimental group reported significantly lower number of admissions, shorter length of stay, lower Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores, and also reported significantly higher scores on both the Illness Management and Recovery Scale and the Global Assessment Scale.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the effectiveness of IMR in helping Asian people with mental illness to not only reduce symptoms and hospitalisations but also improve social functioning. They have benefitted from the program although they are living in a different cultural setting from where IMR was developed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe success of this study has raised the standard of care in the community intervention and led more people to their recovery.
Age‐related morphological, histological and functional changes in teeth
Authors: Carvalho T. S. , Lussi A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThroughout lifetime, the teeth are continuously exposed to numerous chemical and physical impacts, which cause the wear of the dental hard tissues, gingival recession and other oral changes with sometimes subsequent problems. Age‐related wear of tooth surfaces reduces the dental enamel thickness and exposes deeper layers of enamel, which have different physical and chemical properties than the surface enamel. Gingival recession is the main causal factor of root caries and dentine hypersensitivity. Age‐related changes in dentine include the formation of secondary dentine and the reduction in tubular lumen diameter (dentine sclerosis), which lead to a reduction in the volume of the pulp chamber. In addition to the reduction in the volume of pulp chamber, changes to the dental pulp also include dental pulp calcifications. The age‐related physiological changes to the teeth should be carefully distinguished from pathological changes, especially when they induce pain or a negative impact on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of the older individuals. Therefore, regular oral examinations coupled with early preventive measures should aim at maintaining oral health until old age.
Interactive effects of land‐use change and distance‐to‐edge on the distribution of species in plant communities at the forest–grassland interface
Authors: Burst Maxime , Chauchard Sandrine , Dupouey Jean‐Luc , Amiaud Bernard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the patterns of plant communities in terms of richness and floristic composition along stable forest–grassland interfaces? Are there specific species at the edge and/or specialist species transgressions between adjacent habitats? How does edge displacement following land‐use change alter distance‐to‐edge plant diversity patterns? What are the relative influences of the edge effect and the edge displacement in forests and grasslands?LocationForests and grasslands in northeast France.MethodsFloristic surveys were conducted in three types of forest–grassland interface, which can be stable or the result of edge displacements due to afforestation or deforestation. The sample comprised a total of 132 plots in 22 forest–grassland interfaces. Point‐biserial correlation coefficients were used to classify the species into several groups in stable interfaces: forest, edge or grassland specialists and generalists. Using LMMs and Tukey's HSD tests, the total species richness and that of each species group were compared between the plot positions (i.e. distance‐to‐edge) and between the stable interfaces and cases of afforestation and deforestation. To evaluate the relative influence of the edge effect (plot position) and edge displacement (afforestation/deforestation) on plant community composition, CCAs and variation partitionings were performed.ResultsThe largest difference in both plant community richness and composition was found between the forest and grassland edges. The highest species richness was found at the grassland edges. In addition to a high number of generalist species, a mixture of forest and grassland specialist species were predominant at the edges, and the forest specialists were almost the only transgressive species. Afforestation interfaces showed an extinction debt of grassland and edge specialist species and a colonization credit of forest specialists in recent forests. The effects of edge displacement were larger than those of the edge effect in forests, and the opposite was observed in the grasslands.ConclusionsForest and grassland plant communities differ strongly even over very short distances. However, the edges host a large number of forest and grassland specialist species, which explain higher species richness than in adjacent habitats. This results from interactive effects of distance‐to‐edge and edge displacement following land‐use change.
Managing for naturalness alone is not an effective way to preserve all the valuable natural features of the Białowieża Forest – a reply to Jaroszewicz et al.
Authors: Brzeziecki Bogdan , Drozdowski Stanisław , Żybura Henryk , Bolibok Leszek , Bielak Kamil , Zajączkowski Jacek 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCurrently, Brzeziecki et al. 2016 (Journal of Vegetation Science 27: 460–467.) are using data from permanent study plots established in 1936 in Białowieża National Park (NE Poland) to develop theoretical equilibrium tree size distributions and to then compare modelled and actual distributions with a view to assessing the population dynamics of the species involved. As part of their discussion, the authors address the question of possible consequences for the overall diversity of forest ecosystems under strict protection if long‐term trends relating to tree population densities and size structures are maintained. In the overall context of the above, the goal of the present paper is to respond to Jaroszewicz et al. (Journal of Vegetation Science 28: 218–222.) who suggest that the paper of Brzeziecki et al. (2016) is not representative for the whole Białowieża National Park, and that – in this connection – strict protection should not be seen as a cause for concern. In this paper, we show that the data analysed by Brzeziecki et al. (2016) adequately characterize conditions in the wider Park. We also point out that the thorough scientific understanding of the long‐term dynamics of woodland communities under strict protection should indeed be taken into account as efforts are made to arrive at an effective conservation strategy capable of ensuring that the uniquely valuable features of the Białowieża Forest are retained.
Morphology in the Muskogean languages
Authors: Fitzgerald Colleen M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe indigenous languages of the Americas exemplify a number of uncommon typological patterns, especially in their morphology. Here, that rich morphology is illustrated via the Muskogean languages of the southeastern United States. Muskogean languages are agglutinative, but even more interesting and uncommon patterns emerge in an analysis of their morphology. These include subtractive morphology, suppletion, infixation, ablaut, and the use of suprasegmentals. These morphological patterns present considerable complexity. Inflected verbs in narratives and conversation often reflect more than one of the morphological processes. This morphological complexity also demonstrates characteristics of being nonlinear, of being prosodic yet not aligning with neat prosodic boundaries, of not having direct correspondence between grammatical categories and surface segments or suprasegmentals, or having more than one of those characteristics. Six of the seven Muskogean languages are still currently spoken by fluent first language speakers, and many of the tribal nations who represent these languages are involved in ongoing documentation and revitalization efforts, often in partnership with linguists. Thus, despite their highly endangered status, excellent existing documentation and new questions in research create an opportunity to collect even more intricate inflected forms that will enrich models of morphology and morphological theory while having broader impacts, like supporting tribal language revitalization.
Phonological weight
Authors: Ryan Kevin M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGrammars frequently categorize syllables for prosodic purposes, treating one class as heavier (e.g., more stress‐attracting) than another. While such categorization is usually dichotomous, complex and gradient scales are also attested, with various organizational criteria. This article reviews the range of phenomena that invoke weight distinctions and introduces some current debates concerning weight, touching on topics such as the syllable versus interval as the domain of weight, rich scalarity, process and position specificities, the role of onsets, the phonetic basis of categorization, and the mora.
Determinants of stunting in children under 5 years in Madagascar
Authors: Rakotomanana Hasina , Gates Gail E. , Hildebrand Deana , Stoecker Barbara J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMadagascar is among countries where the prevalence of stunting is dramatically high in under 5 years old children. This study investigated the determinants of child stunting based on the UNICEF framework on the causes of malnutrition. A cutoff at 24 months was used to separate the child population into two groups. By using the latest Demographic and Health Survey (2009), logistic regressions were performed to determine the variables associated with stunting. In 2009, 40.1% of the 1,863 children aged 0–23 months and 53.9% of the 2,911 children aged 24–59 months were stunted contributing to the 48.5% overall stunting prevalence in the sample. Girls were less likely to be stunted (adjusted odds ratio with confidence interval [AOR] = 0.69 [0.55–0.88] and 0.84 [0.72–0.97],p < 0.01) than boys; the risk of stunting increased with age. Regarding underlying predictors, increased maternal height was associated with lower odds of stunting in both age groups (AOR = 0.75 [0.68–0.83] and 0.69 [0.61–0.77],p < 0.001). Children living in households using iodized salt (>15 ppm) had lower risk of stunting in the younger group (AOR = 0.76 [0.61–0.94],p < 0.05). Children living in urban areas were less likely to be stunted in both age groups (AOR = 0.67 [0.51–0.88] and 0.73 [0.59–0.90] respectively,p < 0.01]. Region of residence was also a significant basic factor for stunting. This study contributes to the understanding of the determinants of child stunting in Madagascar. The results confirmed the need for specific interventions for each of the two age groups.
Cytosolic invertase contributes to the supply of substrate for cellulose biosynthesis in developing wood
Authors: Rende Umut , Wang Wei , Gandla Madhavi Latha , Jönsson Leif J. , Niittylä Totte 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Carbon for cellulose biosynthesis is derived from sucrose. Cellulose is synthesized from uridine 5′‐diphosphoglucose (UDP‐glucose), but the enzyme(s) responsible for the initial sucrose cleavage and the source of UDP‐glucose for cellulose biosynthesis in developing wood have not been defined.

We investigated the role of CYTOSOLIC INVERTASEs (CINs) during wood formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) and characterized transgenic lines with reduced CIN activity during secondary cell wall biosynthesis.

Suppression of CIN activity by 38–55% led to a 9–13% reduction in crystalline cellulose. The changes in cellulose were reflected in reduced diameter of acid‐insoluble cellulose microfibrils and increased glucose release from wood upon enzymatic digestion of cellulose. Reduced CIN activity decreased the amount of the cellulose biosynthesis precursor UDP‐glucose in developing wood, pointing to the likely cause of the cellulose phenotype.

The findings suggest that CIN activity has an important role in the cellulose biosynthesis of trees, and indicate that cellulose biosynthesis in wood relies on a quantifiable UDP‐glucose pool. The results also introduce a concept of altering cellulose microfibril properties by modifying substrate supply to cellulose biosynthesis.