bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of programme testimonials on registrations for an online cognitive behaviour therapy intervention: a randomised trial
Authors: Healey Benjamin J , Griffiths Kathleen M , Bennett Kylie 
Published: September 2017

Objective Suboptimal visit-to-registration rates limit the reach and potential impact of online health interventions. In this study, we examined whether testimonials presented during a new-user registration process could increase the uptake rates of MoodGYM, an open-access automated intervention designed to reduce the symptoms of depression. Methods We conducted a three-armed parallel randomised controlled trial on the MoodGYM website involving variations of the first page of the registration process. Spontaneous visitors saw either the current pre-registration content, the current content supplemented by a first-person past user testimonial or the current content accompanied by a testimonial from a third-party health professional. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of visitors seeing each version who completed registration. Results A total of 14,267 visits were recorded across the three conditions. The past user, health professional and control condition registration rates were 45.6%, 45.5% and 45.5% respectively, indicating that there was no effect of registration content on registration rate. ( p > 0.05) Conclusions There may be limited use for testimonials in well-established interventions that have programme benefits clearly stated and presented in other forms. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that testimonial effects might be moderated by positioning or other elements within the registration flow or by visitor source. Further research is required to examine these factors and, more broadly, assess whether modifications to other aspects of the registration process can improve visit-to-registration rates.
Clinically Significant Thromboembolic Disease in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Incidence and Risk Factors in 737 Patients
Authors: Kim Han Jo , Iyer Sravisht , Diebo Basel G. , Kelly Michael P. , Sciubba Daniel , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie , Mundis Gregory M. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Hart Robert , Burton Douglas , Bess Shay , Klineberg Eric O. ,   The International Spine Study Group (ISSG)
Published: September 2017

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Describe the rate and risk factors for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs; defined as deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and/or pulmonary embolism [PE]) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Methods: ASD patients with VTE were identified in a prospective, multicenter database. Complications, revision, and mortality rate were examined. Patient demographics, operative details, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared with a non-VTE group. Multivariate binary regression model was used to identify predictors of VTE. Results: A total of 737 patients were identified, 32 (4.3%) had VTE (DVT = 14; PE = 18). At baseline, VTE patients were less likely to be employed in jobs requiring physical labor (59.4% vs 79.7%, P < .01) and more likely to have osteoporosis (29% vs 15.1%, P = .037) and liver disease (6.5% vs 1.4%, P = .027). Patients with VTE had a larger preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA; 93 mm vs 55 mm, P < .01) and underwent larger SVA corrections. VTE was associated with a combined anterior/posterior approach (45% vs 25%, P = .028). VTE patients had a longer hospital stay (10 vs 7 days, P < .05) and higher mortality rate (6.3% vs 0.7%, P < .01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated osteoporosis, lack of physical labor, and increased SVA correction were independent predictors of VTE ( r2 = .11, area under the curve = 0.74, P < .05). Conclusions: The incidence of VTE in ASD is 4.3% with a DVT rate of 1.9% and PE rate of 2.4%. Osteoporosis, lack of physical labor, and increased SVA correction were independent predictors of VTE. Patients with VTE had a higher mortality rate compared with non-VTE patients.
Smoking Is an Independent Risk Factor of Reoperation Due to Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Andersen Stina Brogård , Smith Elisabeth Corydon , Støttrup Christian , Carreon Leah Y. , Andersen Mikkel O. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to determine if age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) are significant risk factors of symptomatic recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) leading to reoperation. Methods: A cohort of 1378 consecutive patients who underwent discectomy for LDH from June 2010 to January 2015 at our institution were included. Patients who underwent reoperation due to rLDH prior to August 2015 were identified. Data on reoperations, age, gender, smoking status, and BMI were collected from our database. A comparison of age, gender, smoking status, and BMI was made between the controls (non-rLDH) and the cases (rLDH group). Binary logistic regression was performed to determine whether age, gender, smoking status, and BMI were independent risk factors for rLDH. Results: Patients in the non-rLDH group (48.2 years) were older than the rLDH group (44.7 years; P = .013). Gender distribution (54.8% vs 48.5% males; P = .222) and BMI (26.6 vs 26.6; P = .458) were similar between the 2 groups. A significantly higher prevalence of smokers was found in the rLDH group (33.1% vs 51.5%; P < .001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was an independent risk factor of rLDH (odds ratio = 2.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-3.15; P < .001). Conclusions: Neither age, BMI, nor gender had any statistical significant association with the risk of rLDH. Smoking was associated with higher risk of reoperation due to rLDH.
Predictors, help-seeking behaviour and treatment coverage for
depression in adults in Sehore district, India
Authors: Shidhaye Rahul , Lyngdoh Tanica , Murhar Vaibhav , Samudre Sandesh , Krafft Thomas 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundNational Mental Health Survey found that in India, the point prevalence
of major depressive disorder (MDD) was 2.7% and the treatment gap was
85.2%, whereas in Madhya Pradesh the point prevalence of MDD was 1.4% and
the treatment gap was 80%.AimsTo describe the baseline prevalence of depression among adults,
association of various demographic and socioeconomic variables with
depression and estimation of contact coverage for the same.MethodPopulation-based cross-sectional survey of 3220 adults in Sehore district
of Madhya Pradesh, India. The outcome of interest was a probable
diagnosis of depression that was measured using the Patient Health
Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the proportion of individuals with depression
(PHQ-9>9) who sought care for the same. The data were analysed using
simple and multiple log-linear regression.ResultsLow educational attainment, unemployment and indebtedness were associated
with both moderate/severe depression (PHQ-9 score >9) and severe
depression only (PHQ-9 score >14), whereas age, caste and marital
status were associated with only moderate or severe depression. Religion,
type of house, land ownership and amount of loan taken were not
associated with either moderate/severe or only severe depression. The
contact coverage for moderate/severe depression was 13.08% (95% CI
10.2–16.63).ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to bridge the treatment gap by targeting
individuals with social vulnerabilities and integrating evidence-based
interventions in primary care.
The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution
Authors: de Vries Jan , Gould Sven B. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Plastids in plants and algae evolved from the endosymbiotic integration of a cyanobacterium by a heterotrophic eukaryote. New plastids can only emerge through fission; thus, the synchronization of bacterial division with the cell cycle of the eukaryotic host was vital to the origin of phototrophic eukaryotes. Most of the sampled algae house a single plastid per cell and basal-branching relatives of polyplastidic lineages are all monoplastidic, as are some non-vascular plants during certain stages of their life cycle. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular components necessary for plastid division, including those of the peptidoglycan wall (of which remnants were recently identified in moss), in a wide range of phototrophic eukaryotes. Our comparison of the phenotype of 131 species harbouring plastids of either primary or secondary origin uncovers that one prerequisite for an algae or plant to house multiple plastids per nucleus appears to be the loss of the bacterial genes minD and minE from the plastid genome. The presence of a single plastid whose division is coupled to host cytokinesis was a prerequisite of plastid emergence. An escape from such a monoplastidic bottleneck succeeded rarely and appears to be coupled to the evolution of additional layers of control over plastid division and a complex morphology. The existence of a quality control checkpoint of plastid transmission remains to be demonstrated and is tied to understanding the monoplastidic bottleneck.
A simple method to measure CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding activity in tissue and cell extracts
Authors: Gillessen Maud , Kwak Pieter Bas , Tamayo Alfred 
Published: September 2017

The proteins CLOCK and BMAL1 form a heterodimeric transcription factor essential to circadian rhythms in mammals. Daily rhythms of CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding activity are known to oscillate with target gene expression in vivo. Here we present a highly sensitive assay that recapitulates native CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding rhythms from crude tissue extracts, which we call the Clock Protein-DNA Binding Assay (CPDBA). This method can detect less than 2-fold differences in DNA binding activity, and can deliver results in two hours or less using 10 microliters (~10 micrograms) or less of crude extract, while requiring neither specialized equipment nor expensive probes. To demonstrate the sensitivity and versatility of this assay, we show that enzymatic removal of phosphate groups from proteins in tissue extracts or pharmacological inhibition of casein kinase I in cell culture increased CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding activity by ~1.5 to ~2 fold, as measured by the CPDBA. In addition, we show that the CPDBA can measure CLOCK-BMAL1 binding to reconstituted chromatin. The CPDBA is a sensitive, fast, efficient and versatile probe of clock function.
Evaluation of patient information leaflets for non-invasive prenatal testing for Down's syndrome
Authors: Daley Rebecca , Hill Melissa , Lewis Celine 
Published: September 2017

Aims To validate an evidence-based patient information leaflet (PIL) to support women considering non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for Down's syndrome. Methods A PIL was developed based on qualitative interviews and expert review. The PIL was evaluated by women offered NIPT for Down's syndrome as part of a research study. Questionnaires assessed usefulness, relevance, technicality and scope on a four point Likert scale. Qualitative interviews allowed a more in-depth exploration of views on the PIL. Findings The PIL was well received by women. Overall, they found it clear and easy to understand. Some women suggested the word heavy PIL could be enhanced through the addition of pictures, colour and altered line spacing. Conclusions The majority of women found the PIL useful when considering NIPT for Down's syndrome. The validated PIL could inform development of information resources for women during the future introduction of NIPT into the NHS Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme in the UK.
TXA for HEMS patients with suspected haemorrhage
Authors: Lawson Kristofer , Godfrey Phillip 
Published: September 2017

Background: Tranexamic Acid (TXA) has been shown by the CRASH-2 study to reduce the risk of death by bleeding. This evaluation assesses the use of TXA by the Great North Air Ambulance (GNAAS), and considers the individual patient outcomes in hospital, including the need for blood products and venous thromboembolism (VTE) rate. Methods: A service evaluation was performed with the analysis of patient outcome by the review of patient report forms over a 1-year period. Patients who received pre-hospital TXA were identified and further analysis of their outcomes was performed at the two receiving local major trauma centres. Results: 106 patients received pre-hospital TXA, all within 3 hours. The majority (73%, n=77) had been involved in a road traffic collision. Thirty per cent (n=32) of patients also received a pre-hospital blood transfusion; 73% (n=58) were subsequently shown to have an injury severity score (ISS) ≥15, which traditionally defines major trauma. Six (6.3%) patients were later found to have a VTE (five pulmonary embolism and one deep-vein thrombosis) within 1 month of injury, although no patients died of VTE. Almost half of the patients received an in-hospital transfusion 45% (n= 45). Conclusion: TXA is a life-saving drug in the bleeding trauma patient, and within this study population, TXA was administered promptly and appropriately. A VTE incidence of 6.3% is in line with other literature, and there were no recorded deaths from VTE. TXA is available to pre-hospital clinicians across the UK, where the author believes its use should be encouraged.
Sirenomelia associated with hypoplastic left heart in a newborn
Authors: Turgut H , Ozdemir R , Gokce IK , Karakurt C , Karadag A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Sirenomelia, also known as “mermaid malformation/syndrome,” is a rare, serious congenital anomaly characterized by variable degrees of fusion of the lower limbs and associated with severe malformations of vertebral, genitourinary, cardiovascular system and single umbilical artery. The first pregnancy of a 25-year-old woman resulted in one twin born by Cesarian section at 32 weeks’ gestation, who was referred to our hospital with cyanosis, a congenital anomaly and respiratory distress. On physical examination, there was no urogenital region and anal fissure and gender was indeterminate. The arms were in adduction and wrist in flexion position with four fingers on the right hand and two fingers on the left hand. There was a single lower extremity with a webbed single foot and two toes consistent with sirenomelia type IV radiologically. Abdominal ultrasonography showed urogenital system agenesis and echocardiography detected hypoplastic left heart. However, the patient died 4 hours after birth. The other twin was followed for 1 week for nutrition and respiratory support and was then discharged without any problems.
Analysis of meiotic segregation patterns and interchromosomal effects in sperm from 13 robertsonian translocations
Authors: Wang B , Nie B , Tang D , Li R , Liu X , Song J , Wang W , Liu Z 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe frequency of the Robertonian (ROB) translocation in newborn babies is approximately one in 1000. Robertsonian translocation is an unusual type of chromosome rearrangement caused by two particular chromosomes joining together. The aim of the study was to analyze the segregation of the ROB translocations in 13 male carriers, and to verify a possible inter-chromosomal effect (ICE) of the ROB translocation on chromosomes 18, X, and Y. Thirteen male patients were included in the study. Multicolor fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) was used to analyze chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 18, X and Y in sperm. Among the heterozygous ROB translocation carriers, the frequency of normal/balanced spermatozoa resulting from alternate segregation varied between 70.4 and 85.2%. The frequency of unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from adjacent segregation varied between 14.8 and 29.6%. Increased frequencies of aneuploidy for a sex chromosome were found in 10 ROB translocation carriers (P2-P8, P10-P12). Increased frequencies of aneuploidy for chromosome 18 were found in10 ROB translocation carriers (P3-P9, P11-P13). In addition, increased frequencies of diploid were found in 11 ROB translocation carriers (P2-P9, P11-P13). Among the homozygous ROB translocation carriers, the rate of balanced spermatozoa was 99.7% and the frequency of unbalanced spermatozoa was 0.3%. However, the frequencies of aneuploidy for a sex chromosome and chromosome 18 were normal. Despite the high number of normal/balanced frequencies, there remained many unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from alternate segregation. The ROB translocation carriers may be at an increased risk for ICE. Robertsonian translocation homozygosity could be seen as a potential speciation in humans with 44 chromosomes.
X-autosome and X-Y translocations in female carriers: X-chromosome inactivation easily detectable by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU)
Authors: Donat M , Louis A , Kreskowski K , Ziegler M , Weise A , Schreyer I , Liehr T 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Here we report one new case each of an X-autosome translocation (maternally derived), and an X-Y-chromosome translocation. Besides characterizing the involved breakpoints and/or imbalances in detail by molecular cyto-genetics, also skewed X-chromosome inactivation was determined on single cell level using 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). Thus, we confirmed that the recently suggested EdU approach can be simply adapted for routine diagnostic use. The latter is important, as only by knowing the real pattern of the skewed X-chromosome inactivation, correct interpretation of obtained results and subsequent reliable genetic counseling, can be done.
Factors Affecting Chinese Raters’ Rating of High-Stakes English Exam Essays
Authors: Jianlin Chen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study consists of two questionnaire surveys conducted in two stages to investigate factors that high-stakes exam essay raters believe to affect their rating behavior. Raters were all university Chinese teachers of English majors. Seventy-three participants in stage one and 75 in stage two responded to the same questionnaire. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data analysis. Results showed that there were generally six broad factors interfering with the rating process: rating scale, rater training, rating supervision, rater characteristics, eye-catching text features and rating condition. The interaction of those factors reflected the tension between the constraints executed by the test institution and raters’ own knowledge and understanding of essay rating. This study may shed light on measures taken to improve essay rating quality.
Das plastische Rückenmark: funktionelle und strukturelle Plastizität bei der Chronifizierung von Schmerzen
Authors: Kuner Rohini 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Chronischer Schmerz stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Medizin und die Grundlagenforschung dar. Periphere und zentrale nozizeptive Netzwerke zeigen eine erhebliche Plastizität bei pathologischen Krankheitsbildern. Krankheitsbedingte Plastizität kann sowohl auf struktureller als auch auf funktioneller Ebene stattfinden. Diese Veränderungen betreffen individuelle Moleküle, Synapsen, zelluläre Funktion und die Netzwerkaktivität. Die funktionelle Plastizität an der ersten Synapse der Schmerzbahn im spinalen Hinterhorn ist gut belegt. Aktuelle Studien haben auch den Mechanismus, der dem strukturellen Umbau spinaler synaptischer Dorne zugrunde liegt, aufgedeckt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel konzentriert sich auf Plastizitätsphänomene im Rückenmark in Modellen des chronischen Schmerzes und diskutiert deren molekulare Determinanten, funktionale Relevanz und potenziellen Beitrag zu existierenden wie auch neuartigen therapeutischen Konzepten.
Ursache der Phantomschmerzen: Eine dynamische Netzwerkperspektive
Authors: Flor Herta , Andoh Jamila 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Funktionelle und strukturelle Plastizität in neuronalen Schaltkreisen kann aktiv zu chronischen Schmerzsymptomen beitragen. Die Veränderungen des Zentralnervensystems, die einer Amputation folgen, sind besonders eindrückliche Beispiele der Plastizität des Gehirns. Solche plastischen Veränderungen resultieren aus der kombinierten sensomotorischen Deprivation und intensiven Verhaltensänderungen. Dies beinhaltet sowohl die Aufnahme von kompensatorischen motorischen Fähigkeiten als auch die Bewältigung einer chronischen Schmerzstörung (Phantomschmerz), der eine häufige Folge einer Amputation ist. In diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir die neusten Befunde zu funktionellen Veränderungen und Neuorganisation in nozizeptiven Bahnen und integrieren die Analysen aus Untersuchungen an Menschen auf mehreren Ebenen. Wir diskutieren wie funktionelle Veränderungen mit Schmerzsymptomen interagieren, nicht nur lokal im primär somatosensorischen Kortex, sondern auf der Netzwerkebene, in die sowohl spinale als auch zerebrale Regionen des nozizeptiven und Schmerznetzwerks eingebunden sind. Zusätzlich ist es wichtig festzustellen, dass Änderungen in der Funktion von neuronalen Netzwerken auch durch veränderten peripheren Input moduliert werden. Diese zentralen Netzwerke sind dynamisch und sind von verschiedenen psychologischen Faktoren wie Depression oder Angst, Lernprozessen, Prothesennutzung oder Nutzung des intakten Gliedes beeinflusst. Wir postulieren, dass zentrale und periphere Faktoren auf dynamische Weise interagieren und die Phantomerfahrung kreieren.
The plastic spinal cord: functional and structural plasticity in the transition from acute to chronic pain
Authors: Kuner Rohini 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Chronic pain is a major health problem and a challenge to clinical practice and basic science. Various avenues in the somatosensory nociceptive pathway undergo extensive plasticity in pathological disease states. Disease-induced plasticity spans various levels of complexity, ranging from individual molecules, synapses, cellular function and network activity, and is characterized not only by functional changes, but also by structural reorganisation. Functional plasticity has been well-studied at the first synapse in the pain pathway in the spinal dorsal horn, and recent studies have also uncovered mechanisms underlying structural remodeling of spinal synaptic spines. This review will focus on plasticity phenomena in the spinal cord observed in chronic pain models and discuss their molecular determinants, functional relevance and potential towards contributing to existing as well as novel therapeutic concepts.
Origin of phantom limb pain: A dynamic network perspective
Authors: Flor Herta , Andoh Jamila 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Functional and structural plasticity in neural circuits may actively contribute to chronic pain. Changes in the central nervous system following limb amputation are one of the most remarkable evidences of brain plasticity.Such plastic changes result from combined sensorimotor deprivation with intense behavioral changes, including both acquisition of compensatory motor skills and coping with a chronic pain condition (phantom limb pain), which is a common consequence after amputation. This review aims to discuss the latest insights on functional changes and reorganization in nociceptive pathways, integrating analyses in human patients across several scales. Importantly, we address how functional changes interrelate with pain symptoms, not only locally within the primary somatosensory cortex but at a network-level including both spinal and cerebral areas of the nociceptive and pain networks. In addition, changes in the function of neurons and neural networks related to altered peripheral input are dynamic and influenced by psychological factors such as learning, prosthesis usage or frequency of use of the intact limb as well as comorbidity with anxiety and depression. We propose that both central and peripheral factors interact in a dynamic manner and create the phantom pain experience.