bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of cytokeratin 19 head domain and HER2 in the cytoplasm leads to activation of HER2-Erk pathway
Authors: Ohtsuka Tomoaki , Sakaguchi Masakiyo , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Tomida Shuta , Takata Katsuyoshi , Shien Kazuhiko , Hashida Shinsuke , Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Watanabe Mototsugu , Suzawa Ken , Soh Junichi , Youyi Chen , Sato Hiroki , Namba Kei , Torigoe Hidejiro , Tsukuda Kazunori , Yoshino Tadashi , Miyoshi Shinichiro , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase and its upregulation via activating mutations or amplification has been identified in some malignant tumors, including lung cancers. Because HER2 can be a therapeutic target in HER2-driven malignancies, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of HER2 activation. In the current study, we identified that cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) binds to HER2 at the inside face of plasma membrane. HER2 and KRT19, which were concurrently introduced to a human embryonic kidney 293 T cells, revealed an association with each other and resulted in phosphorylation of HER2 with the subsequent activation of a downstream Erk-associated pathway. A binding assay revealed that both the NH2-terminal head domain of KRT19 and the COOH-terminal domain of HER2 were essential for their binding. To investigate the impact of the interaction between HER2 and KRT19 in lung cancer, we examined their expressions and localizations in lung cancers. We found that KRT19 was highly expressed in HER2-positive lung cancer cells, and KRT19 and HER2 were co-localized at the cell membrane. In conclusion, we found that KRT19 intracellularly binds to HER2, playing a critical role in HER2 activation.
Transurethral enucleation of prostate with button electrode plasmakinetic vaporization for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Peng Bo , Huang Jianhua , Wang Guangchun , Zhang Haimin , Liu Min 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in aged men. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of transurethral enucleation of prostate with button electrode plasmakinetic vaporization for the treatment of BPH. 60 patients diagnosed with BPH who were treated in our hospital from August to December, 2014 by enucleation with button electrode were retrospectively reviewed, and operation time, urinary catheter indwelling time, continuous bladder irrigation time, operation related complications, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life assessment (QOL), perioperative hemoglobin and electrolytes were recorded. All the operations were completed successfully. The operation time and urinary catheter indwelling time were 45.3 ± 16.2 min and 1.72 ± 0.32 d, respectively. During the follow-up, urethral stricture (n = 1), and urinary incontinence (n = 2) were found with recovery after 1-month training. Postoperative PVR at 1, 3 and 6 months significantly decreased compared with preoperative ones (P < 0.05). IPSS, Qmax, QOL at 1, 3 and 6 months improved significantly (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum hemoglobin, sodium and potassium before and after the operation. Thus, the study proved that enucleation of prostate with button electrode was efficient and safe, which was worth being recommended.
A binder-free sulfur/reduced graphene oxide aerogel as high performance electrode materials for lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Nitze Florian , Agostini Marco , Lundin Filippa , Palmqvist Anders E. C. , Matic Aleksandar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSocieties’ increasing need for energy storage makes it necessary to explore new concepts beyond the traditional lithium ion battery. A promising candidate is the lithium-sulfur technology with the potential to increase the energy density of the battery by a factor of 3–5. However, so far the many problems with the lithium-sulfur system have not been solved satisfactory. Here we report on a new approach utilizing a self-standing reduced graphene oxide based aerogel directly as electrodes, i.e. without further processing and without the addition of binder or conducting agents. We can thereby disrupt the common paradigm of “no battery without binder” and can pave the way to a lithium-sulfur battery with a high practical energy density. The aerogels are synthesized via a one-pot method and consist of more than 2/3 sulfur, contained inside a porous few-layered reduced graphene oxide matrix. By combining the graphene-based aerogel cathode with an electrolyte and a lithium metal anode, we demonstrate a lithium-sulfur cell with high areal capacity (more than 3 mAh/cm2 after 75 cycles), excellent capacity retention over 200 cycles and good sulfur utilization. Based on this performance we estimate that the energy density of this concept-cell can significantly exceed the Department of Energy (DEO) 2020-target set for transport applications.
Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (Puma concolor)
Authors: Moss Wynne E. , Alldredge Mathew W. , Logan Kenneth A. , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere is growing recognition that developed landscapes are important systems in which to promote ecological complexity and conservation. Yet, little is known about processes regulating these novel ecosystems, or behaviours employed by species adapting to them. We evaluated the isotopic niche of an apex carnivore, the cougar (Puma concolor), over broad spatiotemporal scales and in a region characterized by rapid landscape change. We detected a shift in resource use, from near complete specialization on native herbivores in wildlands to greater use of exotic and invasive species by cougars in contemporary urban interfaces. We show that 25 years ago, cougars inhabiting these same urban interfaces possessed diets that were intermediate. Thus, niche expansion followed human expansion over both time and space, indicating that an important top predator is interacting with prey in novel ways. Thus, though human-dominated landscapes can provide sufficient resources for apex carnivores, they do not necessarily preserve their ecological relationships.
Eyeblink Synchrony in Multimodal Human-Android Interaction
Authors: Tatsukawa Kyohei , Nakano Tamami , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Yuichiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs the result of recent progress in technology of communication robot, robots are becoming an important social partner for humans. Behavioral synchrony is understood as an important factor in establishing good human-robot relationships. In this study, we hypothesized that biasing a human’s attitude toward a robot changes the degree of synchrony between human and robot. We first examined whether eyeblinks were synchronized between a human and an android in face-to-face interaction and found that human listeners’ eyeblinks were entrained to android speakers’ eyeblinks. This eyeblink synchrony disappeared when the android speaker spoke while looking away from the human listeners but was enhanced when the human participants listened to the speaking android while touching the android’s hand. These results suggest that eyeblink synchrony reflects a qualitative state in human-robot interactions.
Zika virus infection induces mitosis abnormalities and apoptotic cell death of human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Souza Bruno S. F. , Sampaio Gabriela L. A. , Pereira Ciro S. , Campos Gubio S. , Sardi Silvia I. , Freitas Luiz A. R. , Figueira Claudio P. , Paredes Bruno D. , Nonaka Carolina K. V. , Azevedo Carine M. , Rocha Vinicius P. C. , Bandeira Antonio C. , Mendez-Otero Rosalia , dos Santos Ricardo Ribeiro , Soares Milena B. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with severe complications both in the developing and adult nervous system. To investigate the deleterious effects of ZIKV infection, we used human neural progenitor cells (NPC), derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We found that NPC are highly susceptible to ZIKV and the infection results in cell death. ZIKV infection led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, ultrastructural alterations and induction of autophagy. Induction of apoptosis of Sox2+ cells was demonstrated by activation of caspases 3/7, 8 and 9, and by ultrastructural and flow cytometry analyses. ZIKV-induced death of Sox2+ cells was prevented by incubation with the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. By confocal microscopy analysis we found an increased number of cells with supernumerary centrosomes. Live imaging showed a significant increase in mitosis abnormalities, including multipolar spindle, chromosome laggards, micronuclei and death of progeny after cell division. FISH analysis for chromosomes 12 and 17 showed increased frequency of aneuploidy, such as monosomy, trisomy and polyploidy. Our study reinforces the link between ZIKV and abnormalities in the developing human brain, including microcephaly.
Comparative study on twinning characteristics during two post-weld compression paths and their effects on joint enhancement
Authors: Liu Zhe , Xin Renlong , Li Dongrong , Sun Liyun , Liu Qing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) has promising application potential in Mg alloys. However, the texture distribution in stir zone (SZ) is usually complicated for Mg alloys, which deterioriates the joint performance. In this study, the texture distribution in SZ was tailored by applying two kinds of post-weld compression deformation along normal direction (ND) or welding direction (WD) of the FSWed AZ31 Mg alloy plates. The twinning behavior and texture change in the various regions of SZ were then evaluated by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization. The effect of texture change on the joint performance was discussed in terms of Schmid factors (SFs) for basal slip and extension twinning. The results showed that profuse extension twins were formed through the whole SZ for the sample subjected to compression along ND, whereas they were observed mainly in SZ-side for the sample compressed along WD. Most of the twins were present in the forms of twin bands or chains. The directions of the twin bands or chains were related to the habit plane traces of selected twin variants. The ND post-weld compression had better strengthening effects on the joints compared to the WD compression, and the underline mechanism was discussed.
Physical Interaction Is Required in Social Buffering Induced by a Familiar Conspecific
Authors: Liu Hou , Yuan Ti-Fei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn social animals, signals released from fearless conspecifics attenuate fear responses, namely social buffering. The presence of conspecific odor can suppress the expression of freezing response of conditioned mice. The present study investigated if physical social experience is required for this social buffering effect. The mice were exposed to donors, donor bedding (collected from cages of donors), or fresh bedding as control, respectively, for 10 days (1 hour daily) in prior to fear conditioning test. The fear expression test was examined in presence of donor bedding. The results showed that only the donor group mice showed reduced freezing time than the other two groups in the fear memory test. This phenomenon indicated that physical interaction might be required for the social buffering effect.
Healthcare Reform
Authors: Capretta James C. 
Published: December 2016

Catholic social teaching provides the essential framework for thinking clearly about societal problems, but it cannot be applied like a recipe in a cookbook. It is the responsibility of informed citizens to take what Catholic social teaching offers and use their own knowledge and reason to advance concrete approaches for addressing complex issues of public policy. Lay Summary: In health care, full governmental control would lead to a decline in the quality of services provided to all patients. It is possible to build a market-driven system of universal insurance enrollment that provides full protection to the lowest income households while also providing space for private initiative and innovation.
Catholic Social Teaching: Precepts for Healthcare Reform
Authors: Condit Donald P. 
Published: December 2016

The Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act of 2010 accelerated bureaucratic appropriation of health care in the United States. Persuaded by laudable intentions of expanded access to care for millions of uninsured Americans, healthcare cost control, and improved medical quality, supporters are now confronted by the unintended consequences of greater government control of health care. The four primary principles of Catholic social teaching guide a best response to our neighbor's healthcare needs. The presence of these principles in the founding documents of the United States facilitates advocacy the public square. Lay summary: Catholic social teaching presents a Magisterial gift to each generation to help build a just society. The four principles, Human Dignity, Common Good, Solidarity, and Subsidiarity, can guide reform of a healthcare system in crisis. These precepts, clearly present in the United States founding documents, and persuasive in the public square, serve as a foundation upon which to improve the medical care of the sick and injured.
Health Care's Ills: A Catholic Diagnosis
Authors: Sibley Angus 
Published: December 2016

Catholic teaching is emphatic on the need to “guarantee adequate [health] care to all,” as Pope Benedict XVI has stated. America has been slower than other advanced countries in progressing towards this goal. Reasons for this delay can be found in certain attitudes that have long been present in American culture, and have been reinforced by the wave of libertarianism (free-market ideology) that swept the world in the late twentieth century. Catholic theology and social/economic teaching can help us understand the flaws in these attitudes, which involve fundamental philosophical and theological principles, but which are far from academic, since they have serious and very practical consequences. In the light of Catholic teaching, we can look towards a sounder understanding of healthcare needs and effective ways of meeting them. Lay Summary: This article argues that access to healthcare, at least up to the level of basic necessity, falls under the heading of distributive justice. It is a human right owed by the community to each of its citizens. And since rights entail obligations, this right entails an obligation upon each citizen to contribute, as circumstances permit, to the costs, which need to be shared equitably; they cannot be met simply by each individual providing solely for oneself. Also discussed are the problems of excessive costs in healthcare administration and in pharmacological research, as well as harmful tendencies in private-sector firms to over-reward top management and to target maximum (rather than adequate) profits.
Bronchoscopy Safety in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Bellinger Christina R. , Khan Irtaza , Chatterjee Arjun B. , Haponik Edward F. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Flexible bronchoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive diagnostic tool used by pulmonologists, but few studies have prospectively compared outcomes in patients with objectively defined obstructive lung disease to those without obstruction.

Methods:
We determined whether complications in patients undergoing moderate sedation bronchoscopy differ in those without obstruction compared with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We prospectively followed all patients undergoing moderate sedation bronchoscopy in an inpatient or outpatient setting.

Results:
Over 12 months, data were collected prospectively in 258 patients. A total o 151 patients had pulmonary function testing with classification of COPD according to GOLD Criteria. Sixty-seven of those patients (44%) had COPD: 6 mild (9%), 29 moderate (42%), 27 severe (41%), and 5 very severe (8%). COPD patients were more likely to receive outpatient inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators and anticholinergics (P<0.001) as would be clinically appropriate. Among all patients with COPD, there were 13% minor complications and 5% major complications, with no deaths. Respiratory complications occurred more often in patients with severe to very severe COPD (22%) compared with patients without COPD (6%) (P=0.018). When adjusted for age, body mass index, and use of home oxygen, this difference was still significant (P=0.045).

Conclusion:
Bronchoscopy is generally safe with few complications in most patients with COPD. Patients with objectively confirmed severe to very severe COPD had more frequent respiratory complications than patients without COPD. The risks were not prohibitively high, but should be taken into consideration for COPD patients undergoing moderate sedation flexible bronchoscopy.
Gene expression patterns associated with neurological disease in HIV infection
Authors: Sanna Pietro Paolo , Repunte-Canonigo Vez , Masliah Eliezer , Lefebvre Celine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo provide new insight into the pathogenesis of neurocognitive impairments (NCI) in HIV infection, we used the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm to analyze pathway dysregulations in gene expression profiles of HIV-infected patients with or without NCI and HIV encephalitis (HIVE). While HIVE was characterized by widespread inflammation and tissue damage, gene expression evidence of induction of interferon (IFN), cytokines and tissue injury was apparent in all brain regions studied before the emergence of NCI. Various degrees of white matter changes were present in all HIV-infected subjects and were the primary manifestation in patients with NCI in the absence of HIVE. The latter showed a distinct pattern of immune activation with induction of chemokines, cytokines, β-defensins, and limited IFN induction.Altogether results indicate that significant neuroinflammation and neuronal suffering precede NCI. Patients with NCI without HIVE showed a predominantly white matter dysfunction with a distinct pattern of immune activation.
The primary motor cortex is critical for the retention of implicit sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Leow Li-Ann , Marinovic Welber , Carroll Timothy J , Riek Stephan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSensorimotor adaptation, or adaptation of movements to external perturbations, is thought to involve the primary motor cortex (M1). In addition to implicit error-driven remapping, explicit re-aiming strategies also contribute to sensorimotor adaptation. However, no studies to date have examined the role of M1 in implicit learning in isolation from explicit strategies. Because the application of explicit strategies requires time, it is possible to emphasise implicit learning by controlling the time available to prepare movement. Here, we examined the role of M1’s role in implicit adaptation to rotated visual feedback whilst suppressing the use of explicit re-aiming strategies by limiting movement preparation times to less than 350ms. Perturbing M1 activity via single-pulse TMS during adaptation to a 30 ° rotation of visual feedback did not alter the rate or extent of error compensation, but elicited poorer retention in post-adaptation trials with no perturbation. This work shows that M1 is critical in the retention of new visuomotor maps as a result of implicit adaptation to a perturbation in sensory feedback when strategic error correction processes are suppressed.HighlightsAdaptation of movements to perturbations occurs through explicit and implicit processes.Here, explicit strategies were suppressed by shortening movement preparation time.Perturbing motor cortex (M1) with TMS selectively impaired retention but not acquisition of sensorimotor adaptation.M1 plays a crucial role in retention of sensorimotor adaptation obtained via implicit learning.
Gastrointestinal carriage is a major reservoir ofK. pneumoniaeinfection in intensive care patients
Authors: Gorrie Claire L , Mirceta Mirjana , Wick Ryan R , Edwards David J , Strugnell Richard A , Pratt Nigel , Garlick Jill , Watson Kerrie , Pilcher David , McGloughlin Steven , Spelman Denis W , Jenney Adam W J , Holt Kathryn E 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniaeis an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of hospital-associated (HA) infections. Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are particularly at risk, and outbreaks are frequently reported in ICUs.K. pneumoniaeis also part of the healthy human microbiome, providing a potential reservoir for HA infection. However, the frequency ofK. pneumoniaegut colonization and its contribution to HA infections are not well characterized.MethodsWe conducted one-year prospective cohort study of ICU patients. Participants (n=498) were screened for rectal and throat carriage ofK. pneumoniaeshortly after admission, and clinical information was extracted from hospital records.K. pneumoniaeisolated from screening swabs and clinical diagnostic samples were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Genomic and epidemiological data were combined to identify likely transmission events.Results and ConclusionsK. pneumoniaecarriage frequencies were estimated at 6% (95% CI, 3%-8%) amongst ICU patients admitted direct from the community, and 19% (95% CI, 14% – 51%) amongst those who had recent contact with healthcare. Gut colonisation on admission was significantly associated with subsequentK. pneumoniaeinfection (infection risk 16% vs 3%, OR=6.9, p<0.001), and genome data indicated a match between carriage and infection isolates in most patients. Five likely transmission chains were identified, resulting in six infections (12% ofK. pneumoniaeinfections in ICU). In contrast, 49% ofK. pneumoniaeinfections were caused by a strain that was unique to the patient, and 48% of patients withK. pneumoniaeinfections who participated in screening were positive for prior colonisation. These data confirmK. pneumoniaecolonisation is a significant risk factor for subsequent infection in ICU, and indicate that half of allK. pneumoniaeinfections result from patients’ own microbiota. Screening for colonisation on admission could limit risk of infection in the colonised patient and others.