bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic prediction for potato (Solanum tuberosum) quality traits improved through image analysis
Authors: Yusuf Muyideen , Miller Michael D. , Stefaniak Thomas R. , Haagenson Darrin , Endelman Jeffrey B. , Thompson Asunta L. , Shannon Laura M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most widely grown vegetable in the world. Consumers and processors evaluate potatoes based on quality traits such as shape and skin color, making these traits important targets for breeders. Achieving and evaluating genetic gain is facilitated by precise and accurate trait measures. Historically, quality traits have been measured using visual rating scales, which are subject to human error and necessarily lump individuals with distinct characteristics into categories. Image analysis offers a method of generating quantitative measures of quality traits. In this study, we use TubAR, an image‐analysis R package, to generate quantitative measures of shape and skin color traits for use in genomic prediction. We developed and compared different genomic models based on additive and additive plus non‐additive relationship matrices for two aspects of skin color, redness, and lightness, and two aspects of shape, roundness, and length‐to‐width ratio for fresh market red and yellow potatoes grown in Minnesota between 2020 and 2022. Similarly, we used the much larger chipping potato population grown during the same time to develop a multi‐trait selection index including roundness, specific gravity, and yield. Traits ranged in heritability with shape traits falling between 0.23 and 0.85, and color traits falling between 0.34 and 0.91. Genetic effects were primarily additive with color traits showing the strongest effect (0.47), while shape traits varied based on market class. Modeling non‐additive effects did not significantly improve prediction models for quality traits. The combination of image analysis and genomic prediction presents a promising avenue for improving potato quality traits.
Craniofacial malformations in a stillborn mixed‐breed dog as a cause for dystocia
Authors: Bernard Megan E. , Coffin Hannah R. , Taylor Ryan P. , Donnelly Callum G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis case report describes the findings of craniofacial anomalies associated with dystocia in a mixed‐breed bitch. A bitch in labour was presented for evaluation of dystocia, and an emergency caesarean section was performed. Two pups with craniofacial abnormalities were delivered by hysterotomy. One pup was stillborn, with congenital anomalies including palatoschisis (cleft palate), cheiloschisis (cleft lip), an open fontanelle, and a narrow teardrop‐shaped skull. The second pup was delivered alive and had cheiloschisis. Craniofacial malformations are a reported cause of dystocia in the dog, usually due to obstruction. However, dystocia in the reported case is presumed to have developed because the pup's craniofacial malformations prevented stimulation of uterine contractions. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report to describe craniofacial abnormalities affecting 100% of the litter and is the first known report to describe the relationship between craniofacial abnormalities and presumptive primary uterine inertia.
Influence of Complex Surface Structures on the Aerodynamic Loss Behaviour of Blades
Authors: Seehausen Hendrik , Seume Joerg R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOperating airfoils under mechanical stress in combination with oxidation and corrosion, abrasion wear, and subsequent regeneration results in complex surface structures that influence the performance of aircraft engines. For predicting this impact on performance the authors propose a reduced order model capable of assessing the effect of surface roughness as a basis for making decisions before or during the regeneration process. The accuracy of this model is increased by using improved roughness sensitive transition and turbulence models created for Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. Experimental studies are carried out to determine the local and integral effect of complex surface structures on blades and on a flat plate. Direct numerical simulations are also performed to study the effect of complex surface structures on a turbulent boundary layer and contribute to improving the accuracy of prediction, which is achieved by using re-calibrating models and taking into account the effect of skewness and anisotropy of complex surface structures on turbine blade losses.
The Civil Service and Public Employment
Authors: Shimada-Logie Hiroko , Konishi Atsushi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn Japan, ethos of small government was a consistent principle from the 1960s, while people’s expectations of administration and bureaucracy have been traditionally high. The coexistence of these two conflicting objectives has been barely maintained, with the rapid increase in administrative demands, by excessive amounts of overwork of regular employees who are faithful to their own ministry and the surge in the number of non-regular employees under inferior working conditions. The civil service reform in the 2000s, aiming at eliminating wastes caused by the pursuit of ministry-specific interests, introduced the Prime Minister’s control of executive personnel, but this resulted in further exhaustion and demoralization of employees. The fragility of administration system in times of crisis, which relies on the commitment of civil servants in charge, has been also exposed.As the civil service has come to be obviously avoided by young competent people, discussion of “staffing according to workload” and attempts to improve working conditions of non-regular employees have been started as late as recent years.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen politischer Steuerung in der Verkehrspolitik
Authors: Sack Detlef , Straßheim Holger , Zimmermann Karsten 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungWir diskutieren in dem Beitrag die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen politischer Steuerung in der Verkehrspolitik. Dabei wird betont, dass sich diese nicht allein aus den Eigenschaften des Politikfeldes und aus den programmatischen Präferenzen konfligierender Akteure ergeben, sondern auch aus den normativen wie auch wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven, mit denen Verkehrspolitik untersucht wird. Das Politikfeld Verkehr ist wesentlich durch seinen Zweck bestimmt, die Mobilität und Logistik von Personen und Gütern zu organisieren bzw. die entsprechenden technischen und regulativen Voraussetzungen zu schaffen. Das Politikfeld ist durch die eminente Bedeutung von raumbezogenen Infrastrukturen, eine allgemeine gesellschaftliche, gleichwohl sozial differenzierte Betroffenheit ebenso geprägt wie durch seine institutionelle Mehrebenen-Struktur. Kompetenzen und Ressourcen verteilen sich auf die Europäische Union, den Bund, die Länder und die Kommunen. Zudem ist das Politikfeld durch eine Vielzahl von Behörden und die Notwendigkeit gekennzeichnet, mit angrenzenden Politikfeldern zu interagieren. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Akteure in der Verkehrspolitik und ihre programmatischen Überzeugungen. Er stellt ein Set an Push- und Pull-Maßnahmen in der Verkehrspolitik vor. Inhaltlich wird das Politikfeld mit seinen Möglichkeiten strukturiert. Programmatisch plädieren die Autoren für eine empirisch-analytische und auch strategische, gegenstandsbezogene Reflexion und Untersuchung der Möglichkeiten und Restriktion in der Verkehrspolitik.
Basis for non-factorizable superamplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 supersymmetry
Authors: Delgado Antonio , Martin Adam , Wang Runqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper we develop a semi-standard Young tableau (SSYT) approach to construct a basis of non-factorizable superamplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 massless supersymmetry. This amplitude basis can be directly translated to a basis for higher dimensional supersymmetric operators, yielding both the number of independent operators and their form. We deal with distinguishable (massless) chiral/vector superfields at first, then generalize the result to the indistinguishable case. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared to the previously studied Hilbert series approach.
Patientenbezogene Ergebnisindikatoren (PROMs) bei erwachsenen Cochleaimplantatpatienten
Authors: Weder Stefan , Caversaccio Marco D. , Mantokoudis Georgios 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Cochleaimplantate (CI) bieten Personen mit schwerer sensorineuraler Hörschädigung die Möglichkeit einer artifiziellen Hörwahrnehmung. Die standardisierte Erhebung von Sprachverständlichkeitstests ist weit verbreitet, während die systematische Erfassung von patientenbezogenen Ergebnisindikatoren (PROMs) noch uneinheitlich ist.

Methodik
Für die Thematik relevante PROMs-Instrumente wurden basierend auf den Kriterien Verbreitung, Klarheit und Relevanz evaluiert und ausgewählt, in den klinischen Alltag integriert und an longitudinalen Zeitpunkten getestet.

Ergebnisse
Drei PROMs-Instrumente wurden ausgewählt und erfolgreich in die klinische Routine integriert. Der Vergleich von 2 Messzeitpunkten von 25 Individuen zeigten Verbesserungen im subjektiven Sprachverstehen und der Tinnitus-Wahrnehmung.

Schlussfolgerung
Unsere Studie zeigt die klinische Umsetzung und Integration von PROMs bei erwachsenen CI-Kandidaten und -Patienten. PROMs sind ein vielversprechendes Instrument zur Unterstützung in verschiedenen Behandlungsphasen, sowohl als Entscheidungshilfe für potenzielle CI-Kandidaten als auch zur Überwachung nach der Implantation.
Early exposure to phosphorus starvation induces genetically determined responses in Sorghum bicolor roots
Authors: Mikwa Erick O. , Wittkop Benjamin , Windpassinger Steffen M. , Weber Sven E. , Ehrhardt Dorit , Snowdon Rod J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Key message
We identified novel physiological and genetic responses to phosphorus starvation in sorghum diversity lines that augment current knowledge of breeding for climate-smart crops in Europe.

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency and finite P reserves for fertilizer production pose a threat to future global crop production. Understanding root system architecture (RSA) plasticity is central to breeding for P-efficient crops. Sorghum is regarded as a P-efficient and climate-smart crop with strong adaptability to different climatic regions of the world. Here we investigated early genetic responses of sorghum RSA to P deficiency in order to identified genotypes with interesting root phenotypes and responses under low P. A diverse set of sorghum lines (n = 285) was genotyped using DarTSeq generating 12,472 quality genome wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Root phenotyping was conducted in a paper-based hydroponic rhizotron system under controlled greenhouse conditions with low and optimal P nutrition, using 16 RSA traits to describe genetic and phenotypic variability at two time points. Genotypic and phenotypic P-response variations were observed for multiple root traits at 21 and 42 days after germination with high broad sense heritability (0.38–0.76). The classification of traits revealed four distinct sorghum RSA types, with genotypes clustering separately under both low and optimal P conditions, suggesting genetic control of root responses to P availability. Association studies identified quantitative trait loci in chromosomes Sb02, Sb03, Sb04, Sb06 and Sb09 linked with genes potentially involved in P transport and stress responses. The genetic dissection of key factors underlying RSA responses to P deficiency could enable early identification of P-efficient sorghum genotypes. Genotypes with interesting RSA traits for low P environments will be incorporated into current sorghum breeding programs for later growth stages and field-based evaluations.
Impact of different parametric Patlak imaging approaches and comparison with a 2-tissue compartment pharmacokinetic model with a long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT in oncological patients
Authors: Pan Leyun , Sachpekidis Christos , Hassel Jessica , Christopoulos Petros , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim
The recently introduced Long-Axial-Field-of-View (LAFOV) PET-CT scanners allow for the first-time whole-body dynamic- and parametric imaging. Primary aim of this study was the comparison of direct and indirect Patlak imaging as well as the comparison of different time frames for Patlak calculation with the LAFOV PET-CT in oncological patients. Secondary aims of the study were lesion detectability and comparison of Patlak analysis with a two-tissue-compartment model (2TCM).

Methodology
50 oncological patients with 346 tumor lesions were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT (skull to upper thigh). Here, the Image-Derived-Input-Function) (IDIF) from the descending aorta was used as the exclusive input function. Four sets of images have been reviewed visually and evaluated quantitatively using the target-to-background (TBR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR): short-time (30 min)-direct (STD) Patlak Ki, short-time (30 min)-indirect (STI) Patlak Ki, long-time (59.25 min)-indirect (LTI) Patlak Ki, and 50–60 min SUV (sumSUV). VOI-based 2TCM was used for the evaluation of tumor lesions and normal tissues and compared with the results of Patlak model.

Results
No significant differences were observed between the four approaches regarding the number of tumor lesions. However, we found three discordant results: a true positive liver lesion in all Patlak Ki images, a false positive liver lesion delineated only in LTI Ki which was a hemangioma according to MRI and a true negative example in a patient with an atelectasis next to a lung tumor. STD, STI and LTI Ki images had superior TBR in comparison with sumSUV images (2.9-, 3.3- and 4.3-fold higher respectively). TBR of LTI Ki were significantly higher than STD Ki. VOI-based k3 showed a 21-fold higher TBR than sumSUV. Parameters of different models vary in their differential capability between tumor lesions and normal tissue like Patlak Ki which was better in normal lung and 2TCM k3 which was better in normal liver. 2TCM Ki revealed the highest correlation (r = 0.95) with the LTI Patlak Ki in tumor lesions group and demonstrated the highest correlation with the STD Patlak Ki in all tissues group and normal tissues group (r = 0.93 and r = 0.74 respectively).

Conclusions
Dynamic [18F]-FDG with the new LAFOV PET/CT scanner produces Patlak Ki images with better lesion contrast than SUV images, but does not increase the lesion detection rate. The time window used for Patlak imaging plays a more important role than the direct or indirect method. A combination of different models, like Patlak and 2TCM may be helpful in parametric imaging to obtain the best TBR in the whole body in future.
EANM position paper on challenges and opportunities of full-ring 360° CZT bone imaging: it’s time to let go of planar whole-body bone imaging
Authors: Graham Richard , Morland David , Cade Sarah , Imbert Laetitia , Panagiotidis Emmanouil , Kurth Jens , Paycha Frédéric , Van den Wyngaert Tim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The introduction of smaller footprint, more sensitive Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT)-based detectors with improved spatial and energy resolution has enabled the design of innovative full-ring 360° CZT SPECT/CT systems (e.g., VERITON® and StarGuide™). With this transformative technology now aiming to become mainstream in clinical practice, several critical questions need to be addressed. This EANM position paper provides practical recommendations on how to use these devices for routine bone SPECT/CT studies, facilitating the transition from traditional planar whole-body imaging and conventional SPECT/CT to these novel systems. In particular, initial guidance is provided on imaging acquisition and reporting workflows, image reconstruction, and CT acquisition parameters. Given the emerging nature of this technology, the available evidence base is still limited, and the proposed adaptations in workflows and scan protocols will likely evolve before being integrated into definitive guidelines. In the meantime, this EANM position paper serves as a comprehensive guide for integrating these advanced hybrid SPECT/CT imaging systems into clinical practice and outlining areas for further study.
Analysis of Wilms’ tumor protein 1 specific TCR repertoire in AML patients uncovers higher diversity in patients in remission than in relapsed
Authors: Gielis Sofie , Flumens Donovan , van der Heijden Sanne , Versteven Maarten , De Reu Hans , Bartholomeus Esther , Schippers Jolien , Campillo-Davo Diana , Berneman Zwi N. , Anguille Sébastien , Smits Evelien , Ogunjimi Benson , Lion Eva , Laukens Kris , Meysman Pieter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Wilms’ tumor protein 1 (WT1) is a well-known and prioritized tumor-associated antigen expressed in numerous solid and blood tumors. Its abundance and immunogenicity have led to the development of different WT1-specific immune therapies. The driving player in these therapies, the WT1-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, has received much less attention. Importantly, T cells with high affinity against the WT1 self-antigen are normally eliminated after negative selection in the thymus and are thus rare in peripheral blood. Here, we developed computational models for the robust and fast identification of WT1-specific TCRs from TCR repertoire data. To this end, WT137-45 (WT1-37) and WT1126-134 (WT1-126)-specific T cells were isolated from WT1 peptide-stimulated blood of healthy individuals. The TCR repertoire from these WT1-specific T cells was sequenced and used to train a pattern recognition model for the identification of WT1-specific TCR patterns for the WT1-37 or WT1-126 epitopes. The resulting computational models were applied on an independent published dataset from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to track WT1-specific TCRs in silico. Several WT1-specific TCRs were found in AML patients. Subsequent clustering analysis of all repertoires indicated the presence of more diverse TCR patterns within the WT1-specific TCR repertoires of AML patients in complete remission in contrast to relapsing patients. We demonstrate the possibility of tracking WT1-37 and WT1-126-specific TCRs directly from TCR repertoire data using computational methods, eliminating the need for additional blood samples and experiments for the two studied WT1 epitopes.
Solitary-Wave Solutions of the Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation: I—Existence and Numerical Generation
Authors: Durán Angel , Reguera Nuria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present paper is the first part of a project devoted to the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger (fNLS) equation. It is concerned with the existence and numerical generation of the solitary-wave solutions. For the first point, some conserved quantities of the problem are used to search for solitary-wave solutions from a constrained critical point problem and the application of the concentration-compactness theory. Several properties of the waves, such as the regularity and the asymptotic decay in some cases, are derived from the existence result. Some other properties, such as the monotone behavior and the speed-amplitude relation, will be explored computationally. To this end, a numerical procedure for the generation of the profiles is proposed. The method is based on a Fourier pseudospectral approximation of the differential system for the profiles and the use of Petviashvili’s iteration with extrapolation.
KF-PEV: a causal Kalman filter-based particle event velocimetry
Authors: AlSattam Osama , Mongin Michael , Grose Mitchell , Gunasekaran Sidaard , Hirakawa Keigo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEvent-based pixel sensors asynchronously report changes in log-intensity in microsecond-order resolution. Its exceptional speed, cost effectiveness, and sparse event stream make it an attractive imaging modality for particle tracking velocimetry. In this work, we propose a causal Kalman filter-based particle event velocimetry (KF-PEV). Using the Kalman filter model to track the events generated by the particles seeded in the flow medium, KF-PEV yields the linear least squares estimate of the particle track velocities corresponding to the flow vector field. KF-PEV processes events in a computationally efficient and streaming manner (i.e., causal and iteratively updating). Our simulation-based benchmarking study with synthetic particle event data confirms that the proposed KF-PEV outperforms the conventional frame-based particle image/tracking velocimetry as well as the state-of-the-art event-based particle velocimetry methods. In a real-world water tunnel event-based sensor data experiment performed on what we believe to be the widest field view ever reported, KF-PEV accurately predicted the expected flow field of the SD7003 wing, including details such as the lower velocity in the wake and the flow separation around the underside of an angled wing.
Hormonal and inflammatory responses in prepubertal vs. pubertal male children following an acute free-weight resistance training session
Authors: Jansson Daniel , Lundberg Elena , Rullander Anna-Clara , Domellöf Magnus , Lindberg Ann-Sofie , Andersson Helena , Theos Apostolos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Examine the acute hormonal and cytokine responses to free-weight resistance training in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children.

Methods
Prepubertal (n = 21; age 11.4 ± 1.1 years; Tanner I–II) and pubertal male children (n = 20; age 15.8 ± 0.7 years; Tanner III–V) conducted a moderate-intensity free-weight resistance training program to failure with venous blood sampling before (pre), immediately after (post) and during the recovery phase of the program (post-15,-30 min). Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cortisol, testosterone, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed in serum samples. Biological maturation was assessed according to the stages of the Tanner scale.

Results
There was a significant time-by-group interaction in IGF-I response (p = 0.044; η2 = 0.209) and testosterone (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.508), indicating a greater change in the pubertal group compared to the prepubertal group. Both groups significantly increased post-exercise GH levels (p < 0.05). Only the prepuberal group significantly increased levels of IL-6 at all post-exercise time points (p < 0.05). Both groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in TNF-α levels compared to resting levels.

Conclusion
These data suggest that acute testosterone and IGF-I response following resistance training differ between trained prepubertal and pubertal male children. Moderate-intensity resistance training performed to failure may thus have different effects in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children, which should be considered when giving training advice.

Trial registration
Clinical trials number: NCT05022992.