bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Nanoemulsion‐Based Delivery to Improve Vitamin D Absorption: Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Kadappan Alagu Selvi , Guo Chi , Gumus Cansu E. , Bessey Amy , Wood Richard J. , McClements David J. , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: December 2017

ScopeVitamin D (VD) is a fat‐soluble vitamin that has a wide range of skeletal and non‐skeletal functions. Although it can be synthesized through sun exposure and obtained from fortified foods, VD inadequacy is epidemic worldwide. Therefore innovative strategies are necessary for improving VD status. The present study examined VD absorption via nanoscale delivery systems.Methods and resultsWe examine the physical characteristics and in vitro bioaccessibility of cholecalciferol (VD3) in nanoemulsion using a simulated gastrointestinal tract system. To evaluate the in vivo bioavailability, we orally administer three groups of mice with VD3 nanoemulsion, VD3 coarse emulsion, or vehicle nanoemulsion without VD3, and the serum 25(OH)D3 is measured using radioactive immunoassay. The nanoemulsion‐based delivery system increases the in vitro bioaccessibility by 3.94‐folds (p < 0.05), as indicated by the concentration of vitamin D3 in micelles. Our animal study shows that, when compared to the vehicle group, the coarse emulsion numerically increases the serum 25(OH)D3 by 36%, whereas the nanoemulsion statistically significantly increases the serum 25(OH)D3 by 73% (p < 0.01).ConclusionOur findings indicate that a nanoemulsion‐based delivery system is a promising approach to improve VD bioavailability, and further studies are warranted to determine its efficacy in humans.
Automatic mining of symptom severity from psychiatric evaluation notes
Authors: Karystianis George , Nevado Alejo J. , Kim Chi‐Hun , Dehghan Azad , Keane John A. , Nenadic Goran 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesAs electronic mental health records become more widely available, several approaches have been suggested to automatically extract information from free‐text narrative aiming to support epidemiological research and clinical decision‐making. In this paper, we explore extraction of explicit mentions of symptom severity from initial psychiatric evaluation records. We use the data provided by the 2016 CEGS N‐GRID NLP shared task Track 2, which contains 541 records manually annotated for symptom severity according to the Research Domain Criteria.MethodsWe designed and implemented 3 automatic methods: a knowledge‐driven approach relying on local lexicalized rules based on common syntactic patterns in text suggesting positive valence symptoms; a machine learning method using a neural network; and a hybrid approach combining the first 2 methods with a neural network.ResultsThe results on an unseen evaluation set of 216 psychiatric evaluation records showed a performance of 80.1% for the rule‐based method, 73.3% for the machine‐learning approach, and 72.0% for the hybrid one.ConclusionsAlthough more work is needed to improve the accuracy, the results are encouraging and indicate that automated text mining methods can be used to classify mental health symptom severity from free text psychiatric notes to support epidemiological and clinical research.
Adiposity and Reproductive Cycling Status in Zoo African Elephants
Authors: Chusyd Daniella E. , Brown Janine L. , Hambly Catherine , Johnson Maria S. , Morfeld Kari , Patki Amit , Speakman John R. , Allison David B. , Nagy Tim R. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThe majority of zoo African elephants exhibit abnormal reproductive cycles, but it is unclear why. Acyclicity has been positively associated with body condition scores. The objective of this study was to measure body composition and examine the relationship between adiposity and cyclicity status, mediated by glucose, insulin, leptin, and inflammation.MethodsBody composition was assessed by deuterium dilution in 22 African elephants. Each elephant was weighed and given deuterated water orally (0.05 mL/kg), and blood was collected from the ear prior to and five times after deuterium administration. Glucose, insulin, leptin, and proinflammatory biomarker concentrations in serum were determined.ResultsBody fat percentage ranged from 5.24% to 15.97%. Fat adjusted for fat free mass (FFM) and age was not significantly associated with cyclicity status (P = 0.332). Age was the strongest predictor of cyclicity status (P = 0.040). Fat was correlated with weight (ρ = 0.455, P = 0.044) and when adjusted for FFM with circulating glucose (ρ = 0.520, P = 0.022) and showed a trend for association with leptin (unadjusted: ρ = 0.384, P = 0.095; adjusted for FFM: ρ = 0.403, P = 0.087).ConclusionsDeuterium dilution appears to be an available technique to measure body composition in African elephants. In this sample, fat was not associated with cyclicity status, and age may be more important to cyclicity status.
Health Outcomes and Explant Rates After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: A Phase 4, Multicenter Study over 5 Years
Authors: Dixon John B. , Eaton Laura L. , Curry Trace , Lee Phong Ching 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the real‐world safety and effectiveness of the LAP‐BAND (Apollo Endosurgery Inc., Austin, Texas) adjustable gastric banding system (LBS) for 5 years following implantation.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal, phase 4, multicenter study involved 652 patients who had implantation of the LBS system. The primary outcome was the percentage of subjects who had LBS explant over 5 years. The secondary outcomes included the rate of reoperations, clinical and biochemical measures, and patient‐reported outcome measures over 5 years.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 79.3% females with a mean age of 44 years and a mean BMI of 45.4 kg/m2. The primary end point was met with an explant rate of 8.74% (95% CI: 6.6%‐10.9%) at 5 years. The rates for completer‐only analysis and imputed missing data analysis were 12.81% (95% CI: 9.7%‐15.9%) and 12.85% (95% CI: 10.2%‐15.5%), respectively. All were significantly lower than the historic rate of 39.4% (P < 0.001). There were 43 patients who required reoperations or revisions excluding explants (6.6%). A mean weight loss of 18.7% was maximally achieved by 2 years, and weight loss was maintained through to 5 years. All patient‐reported outcomes showed improvement following LBS treatment throughout 5 years.ConclusionsThis study validates the long‐term safety and effectiveness of LBS for the treatment of patients with obesity and its related conditions.
Multidimensional Taylor network optimal control of SISO nonlinear systems for tracking by output feedback
Authors: Yan Hong‐Sen , Sun Qi‐Ming , Zhou Bo 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIt is difficult or even impossible for the existing nonlinear system control methods to realize the real‐time tracking control of nonlinear systems in the presence of modeling errors by output feedback. For that sake, multidimensional Taylor network (MTN) optimal control method is proposed for the real‐time optimal tracking control of the SISO nonlinear constant system with modeling errors as such. On the basis of the original MTN, the control input item is added to the nonlinear dynamic model, which is then termed as the MTN optimal controller (MTNOC). Its initial parameters are trained by the conjugate gradient method and the minimum principle, according to the calculated optimal input and output of the controlled object in open‐loop status. The propagation learning algorithm is adopted to improve the MTN product term weights and eliminate the modeling errors during the real system adjustment process. Simulation results show that the MTNOC promises a high response rate. Despite the errors in the modeling process, MTNOC manages to stabilize the system for tracking the desired output. The experiment of overlaying an additional signal on the input signal proves MTNOC to be of excellent tracking characteristics, capable of inhibiting the disturbance signal to some extent. In short, by realizing the optimal closed‐loop tracking control of the SISO nonlinear constant system by output feedback, MTNOC guarantees its real‐time control accuracy, dynamic performance, robustness, and anti‐disturbance capability.
Tuning microdomain spacing with light using ortho‐nitrobenzyl‐linked triblock copolymers
Authors: Zhang Wenxu , Sun Zhiwei , Jiang Yishu , Liu Xiaohui , Gupta Rohit , Russell Thomas P. , Bryan Coughlin E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTUsing sequential RAFT polymerization, single monomer insertion, and “click” chemistry, a series of triblock copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide), PEO‐b‐PS‐b‐PEO, were synthesized, where one of the two junction points is a UV cleavable ortho‐nitrobenzyl (ONB). Ordered patterns of PEO‐b‐PS‐b‐PEO were produced by solvent vapor annealing. Upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, the PEO‐b‐PS‐b‐PEO was converted into a mixture of a PEO homopolymer and a PS‐b‐PEO diblock copolymer. It was found that the microdomain spacing could be tuned by adjusting the UV exposure time, due to the change in the copolymer architecture and the swelling of the PEO microdomain by the PEO homopolymer produced. By selective area exposure of the PEO‐b‐PS‐b‐PEO thin films, the domain spacing was changed over selected locations across the film, generating patterns of different microdomain sizes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 355–361.
Co2P Nanorods as an Efficient Cocatalyst Decorated Porous g‐C3N4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zeng Deqian , Ong Wee‐Jun , Chen Yuanzhi , Tee Si Yin , Chua Chin Sheng , Peng Dong‐Liang , Han Ming‐Yong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), which typically acts as the 2D support for loading with cocatalysts, endows fascinating performances for photocatalytic water splitting. Benefiting from the natural sheet‐like structure in g‐C3N4, 1D metal phosphides (Co2P) nanorods are incorporated into 2D porous g‐C3N4 nanosheets via a solution‐phase method under ultrasonication. The novel 1D/2D Co2P/g‐C3N4 heterojunction nanohybrids exhibit ameliorated visible‐light photocatalytic H2 generation without the assistance of Pt as noble metal cocatalysts. Interestingly, the optimal loading of Co2P nanorods is 3 wt%, giving a maximum H2 production rate of 53.3 µmol h−1 g−1. Hence, the solution‐phase hybridization technique can be extensively applied for the smart engineering of other 1D and 2D nanomaterials, leading to unprecedented opportunities on the highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts for solar‐to‐H2 conversion.
Synthesis of Silicate‐Bridged Heterojunctional SnO2/BiVO4 Nanoplates as Efficient Photocatalysts to Convert CO2 and Degrade 2,4‐Dichlorophenol
Authors: Hu Kang , Li Zhijun , Chen Shuangying , Bian Ji , Qu Yang , Tang Junwang , Jing Liqiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising visible‐light responsive photocatalyst, whose photocatalytic activity can be significantly improved by increasing its surface area and utilizing its high‐energy‐level photogenerated electrons effectively. In this work, 2D BiVO4 nanoplates with large specific surface area are successfully fabricated by hydrothermal conversion with the pre‐prepared BiOCl nanosheets as precursors. To improve the photogenerated charge separation, resulted BiVO4 nanoplates are further coupled with nanocrystalline SnO2 to construct heterojunctions, then silicate bridges are introduced between the interfaces of BiVO4 and SnO2. The amount‐optimized silicate‐bridged SnO2/BiVO4 nanocomposite exhibit exceptional visible‐light photocatalytic activities, by ≈7‐time and 4‐time enhancements for CO2 conversion to CH4 and for 2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation, respectively, compared to bare BiVO4 nanoparticles. The significantly enhanced charge separation is verified by steady‐state and time‐resolved surface photovoltage responses and produced hydroxyl radical amounts. Moreover, it is deduced through designed photo‐electrochemical experiments that the introduced SnO2 acts as a proper‐energy platform capable of accepting the photogenerated electrons of BiVO4 nanoplates, and the constructed silicate bridges further facilitate the electron transfer between BiVO4 and SnO2. This work opens up a feasible route to synthesize visible‐light‐driven 2D bismuth‐based nano‐photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activities for efficient fuel production and environmental remediation.
Evaluation of the new respiratory gating system
Authors: Shi Chengyu , Tang Xiaoli , Chan Maria 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe newly released Respiratory Gating for Scanners (RGSC; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) system has limited existing quality assurance (QA) protocols and pertinent publications. Herein, we report our experiences of the RGSC system acceptance and QA.MethodsThe RGSC system integration was tested with peripheral equipment, spatial reproducibility, and dynamic localization accuracy for regular and irregular breathing patterns, respectively. A QUASAR Respiratory Motion Phantom and a mathematical fitting method were used for data acquisition and analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the RGSC system could accurately measure regular motion periods of 3–10 s. For irregular breathing patterns, differences from the existing Real‐time Position Management (RPM; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) system were observed. For dynamic localization measurements, the RGSC system showed 76% agreement with the programmed test data within ±5% tolerance in terms of fitting period. As s comparison, the RPM system showed 66% agreement within ±5% tolerance, and 65% for the RGSC versus RPM measurements.ConclusionsNew functions and positioning accuracy improve the RGSC system's ability to achieve higher dynamic treatment precision. A 4D phantom is helpful for the QA tests. Further investigation is required for the whole RGSC system performance QA.
What makes you feel at home? Constructing senses of home in two border cities
Authors: Feng Dan , Breitung Werner 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn times of global mobility, home must be understood as a multiscalar and context‐dependent concept, which is socially constructed through experiences and imagination. While most research on home is based on qualitative case studies in the context of international migration, there is a lack of systematic analyses based on larger samples of how people draw on different resources in developing a sense of home and how this differs in different places. This paper studies cross‐border mobile people in Hong Kong and Shenzhen to empirically compare the strength of their sense of home in both places and to analyse the factors contributing to this sense of home at the city‐scale. It is found that social contacts are most influential, followed by functional aspects such as home ownership and (to a lesser degree) nostalgic factors. While the strong impact of social contacts confirms previous research, the other aspects highlight the need to consider the local context. Our data discloses city‐specific patterns of home construction, differing between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and impacts of the border and border‐crossing on senses of home. A transborder sense of home is emerging, but mainly in those residents who cross the border frequently, and based more on functional than on emotional properties. The study contributes to the literature on home by focussing on the city scale rather than the residence or the nation, by proposing a quantitative and analytical methodology, and by applying this methodology in a border setting.
Optimizing Carbon Dioxide Uptake and Carbon Dioxide‐Methane Selectivity of Oxygen‐Doped Porous Carbon Prepared from Oxygen Containing Polymer Precursors
Authors: Ghosh Saunab , Barron Andrew R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe reproducible synthesis is reported for oxygen containing porous carbons (OPC) by the KOH activation at 500–800 °C of two oxygen containing precursor polymers: polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFFA) and polyanisyl alcohol (PAA) yielding FFA‐OPC and AA‐OPC, respectively. Both OPCs exhibits good thermal stability and reproducible gas uptake properties over multiple cycles. The surface area and pore volumes of the OPC are independent of the precursor identity, but controlled by the activation temperature. Similarly, the uptake of CO2 is determined by the physical properties of the OPC: activation at 750 °C results in uptake that equals or out‐performs existing PCs for high pressure uptake (30 bar) at 24.0 °C (FFA‐OPC750: 117 wt%; AA‐OPC750: 115 wt%). The high uptake is related to a high relative percentage of pores <2 nm. The uptake of CH4 for both OPCs is greatest for samples activation at 750 °C, FFA‐OPC750 shows enhanced uptake compared to AA‐OPC750, 15.5 wt% versus 13.7 wt%, respectively. Uptake for CH4 appears to relate to a high relative percentage of pores 1–2 nm, which is observed for AA‐OPC750. As a consequence, AA‐OPC750 demonstrates superior selectivity for CO2 capture over CH4 uptake (AA‐OPC750: Vmass(CO2/CH4)=8.37 at 30 bar) as compared to reported PCs. A higher value for the isosteric heat of adsorption of CO2 (33 kJ mol−1) versus CH4 (11 kJ mol−1) suggests a new temperature dependent strategy for removing CO2 from natural gas via selective adsorption and desorption cycles.
Copper (II) Ions Immobilized onto Aminoquinoline‐Functionalized Ferrite: A New Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst for “in Water” Synthesis of Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Mogaddam Firouz Matloubi , Eslami Mohammad , Ayati Seyed Ebrahim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSince the design and development of new ideal catalysts pave the way to green chemistry, a concise, convenient and green protocol was developed for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles in the presence of a magnetic heterogeneous copper catalyst at room temperature and micellar medium. An easily prepared copper(II) chloride immobilized on 8‐aminoquinoline functionalized magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 (MNPs@8‐AQ.CuCl2) showed high catalytic performance for the micellar promoted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of alkyl azides to terminal alkynes in water and ambient temperature condition. Various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Elemental analysis on carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to confirm the successful synthesis of the heterogeneous catalyst.
A Series of Cu2I2 Complexes of 10‐(Aryl)phenoxarsines: Synthesis and Structural Diversity
Authors: Musina Elvira I. , Galimova Milyausha F. , Musin Rustem R. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Litvinov Igor A. , Karasik Andrey A. , G.Sinyashin Oleg 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDinuclear complexes of the composition Cu2I2L2Py2 and Cu2I2L4 are obtained by the reaction of 10‐(aryl)phenoxarsine ligands (L) with copper iodide in pyridine or non‐coordinated solvent. Unexpectedly the 1D polymeric complex [Cu2I2L4]n is formed as the only product by the reaction of 10‐(p‐ethoxyphenyl)phenoxarsine with CuI in the molar ratio 1 : 2. All complexes and the initial phenoxarsine ligands are fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR‐ and IR spectroscopy. X‐ray structure is determined for eight complexes and five ligands. In the 1D coordination polymer [Cu2I2L4]n copper atoms are in zigzag‐like chain arrangement demonstrating the first example of such Cu‐I−Cu‐I binding. The empirical Tolman cone angles for 10‐(aryl)phenoxarsine ligands in complexes are calculated to lie in the range of 125–152°. The dependence of the Tolman angle values on the position of aryl substituent at arsenic atom is demonstrated.
Design and Synthesis of L‐Proline Derivatives as Enantioselective Organocatalysts for Synthesis of the (S)‐Wieland‐Miescher Ketone
Authors: Pan Li , Ding Xiaoqin , Ding Junjie , Li Dayu , Chen Jisheng , Zuo Xialong , An Rong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSome simple L‐proline derivatives were designed as the organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐Wieland‐Miescher Ketone. Their catalytic efficiencies were predicted based on DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations. The results of DFT calculations were in good agreement with that of experiment. In order to further investigate the effects of substituent groups attached to CONH on catalytic efficiencies, 12 other L‐proline derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested the catalytic efficiencies. Some of title organcatalysts (C04 and D01) exhibited excellent catalytic efficiencies (up to 93% ee and 88% yield) with a very low loading (0.5‐1 mol%) under solvent‐free conditions. Meanwhile, microwave irradiation was used for accelerating the reaction, and the reaction time had been decreased to 3 hours. Organocatalysts D01 derived from cheap isopropylamine would make the preparation of (S)‐Wieland‐Miescher Ketone a lot easier and cheaper.
Crystal Structures of Z and E ortho‐Tetrafluoroazobenzene
Authors: Hermann Daniela , Schwartz Heidi A. , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe crystal structures of Z‐ (Pna21, Z=4; single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data) and E‐ortho‐tetrafluoroazobenzene (Pna21, Z=4; synchrotron powder diffraction data) were solved and refined. These structural analyses reveal that the phenyl rings are almost coplanar in the E isomer, whereas a tilting by 67.8(5)° was found in the Z isomer. This leads to significantly different molecular shapes (longest elongations 13.2 Å x 8.1 Å x 4.0 Å for the E isomer vs. 9.6 Å x 7.0 Å x 6.9 Å for the Z isomer). A comparison of the supramolecular structures of Z‐ and E‐ortho‐tetrafluoroazobenzene with other known fluorinated azobenzenes shows that mainly H…F interactions occur in both isomers of ortho‐tetrafluoroazobenzene, whereas H…F and F…F interactions exist in E‐4H,4H’‐octafluoroazobenzene, only F…F interactions in E‐perfluoroazobenzene, and N…C, F…C as well as F…F interactions in Z‐perfluoroazobenzene.
H‐Bonding in Water of Hydration: NIR Spectral Studies of Hydration Behavior of 1‐n‐Alkyl‐3‐metylimidazolium‐Based Bromide and Amino Acid Ionic Liquids at 298.15 K
Authors: Dagade Dilip H. , Barge Seema S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractH‐bonding in ionic hydration is crucial for understanding various phenomena such as osmolyte effects, ion transport, electrochemical processes, etc. Ionic liquids (ILs) from the biomaterials have great affinity for protein solubility and stabilization due to hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding ability. To explore potential use of ionic liquids, it is essential to understand hydration of ionic liquids with detailed information on H‐bonding within the water of hydration. In this context, near‐infrared spectral investigation of H‐bonding in water of hydration of 1‐n‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromides and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium based amino acid ionic liquids were made through simultaneous estimation of hydration number and hydration spectra of ILs in the spectral range of 7800‐5800 cm−1. Weak H‐bonding extist in the water of hydration for 1‐n‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromides while strong cooperative H‐bonding exists in case of amino acid ionic liquids leading to higher hydration numbers. The results further demonstrate that the individual resolved spectral components can be used to analyse (qualitatively and quantitatively) different types of H‐bonded species at ionic surfaces. Along with all these, the effect of hydrophobicity on hydration behavior as well as on the nature and strength of H‐bonding within the hydration shell of ions are also probed and discussed.