bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic‐gradient‐based control algorithms for power quality enhancement in solar photovoltaic interfaced three‐phase distribution system
Authors: Prasad Dinanath , Kumar Narendra , Sharma Rakhi , Alotaibi Majed A. , Malik Hasmat , Márquez Fausto Pedro García , Hossaini Mohammad Asef 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, stochastic‐gradient‐based adaptive control algorithms have been discussed and employed for power quality enhancement in a Photovoltaics (PV) integrated distribution system. Least mean square (LMS), least mean fourth (LMF), sign‐error LMS, and ‐normalised LMS (‐NLMS) have been implemented as control algorithms for the estimation of fundamental load current. The performances of these adaptive algorithms are compared under steady‐state and dynamic conditions under the non‐linear load conditions in a closed‐loop three‐phase system. The main aim of implementing these algorithms is reactive power compensation, power quality enhancement, and load balancing in a single‐stage three‐phase grid‐tied PV system. The hysteresis current control (HCC) technique is used to generate switching pulses for the three‐phase Distribution Static Power Compensator (DSTATCOM). An MPPT is also employed to ensure maximum power delivery from the solar PV array. PV integrated three‐phase single‐stage distribution system with adaptive control algorithms is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment as well as in experimental environment to achieve the goals per standard IEEE‐519.
A novel millimetre‐wave 2D wide‐angle scanning phased array antenna based on decoupling surface
Authors: Xiong Bao , Zhu Yongzhong , Xu Yunxue , Xie Wenxuan , Han Leng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel millimetre‐wave (mmWave) 2D wide‐angle scanning (WAS) phased array antenna (PAA) based on decoupling surface (DS). The proposed element is a coaxial feeding stacked patch antenna structure that consists of an L‐shape coaxial probe, substrate integrated waveguide cavity, slot layer, radiating patch, DS and defective ground structure. The simulated impedance bandwidth for the element is 14.85% (26.18–30.34 GHz). The simulated result of the 2 × 2 array shows that the designed antenna based on DS achieves an isolation of ≥19 dB within the bandwidth. To validate the scanning capabilities of the proposed antenna, an 8 × 8 PAA prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured scanning range of the prototype achieves a 2D WAS range of ±56° at 27 GHz. The proposed antenna shows great potential in application scenarios, such as automotive radar and satellite communication due to its compact design and ability to achieve WAS in two dimensions.
Reconfigurable super‐low‐frequency magnetoelectric antenna for underwater frequency‐hopping communication
Authors: Wang Shi‐Yu , Dou Gao‐Qi , Yi Da , Feng Shi‐Min , Tang Ming‐Chun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on the mechanical regulation mechanism, a super‐low‐frequency (SLF) reconfigurable magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is proposed for underwater frequency‐hopping communication. By constructing the mechanical model of the ME antenna loaded with an adjustable spring, the antenna's working frequency is predicted to be tuned in an extensive dynamic range from 148 to 331 Hz by changing the states of a loaded spring. The experiment is implemented in the frequency‐response test platform and the practical communication system using the minimum shift keying modulation. The former experiment well validates the tunable frequency response of the reconfigurable ME antenna, while the latter successfully achieves the information transmission at different working frequencies. The proposed SLF reconfigurable ME antenna serves as a potential candidate for under‐water frequency‐hopping communication.
Effects from different grades of stickiness between icy and silicate particles on carbon depletion in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Okamoto T. , Ida S. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The Earth and other rocky bodies in the inner Solar System are significantly depleted in carbon, compared to the Sun and the interstellar medium (ISM) dust. Observations suggest that more than half of the carbon material in the ISM and comets are in a highly refractory form, such as amorphous hydrocarbons and (less refractory) complex organics, which can make up the building blocks of rocky bodies. While amorphous hydrocarbons can be destroyed by photolysis and oxidation, previous studies have suggested that the radial transport of solid particles suppresses carbon depletion. The only exception is the case of strictly complex organics as the refractory carbons, which are considerably less refractory than amorphous hydrocarbons.
Aims. We aim to reveal the conditions for the severe carbon depletion in the inner Solar System, by adding potentially more realistic settings: different levels of stickiness between icy and silicate particles and high-temperature regions in the upper optically thin layer of the disk, which were not included in the previous works.
Methods. We performed a 3D Monte Carlo simulation of radial drift and turbulent diffusion of solid particles in a steady accretion disk with the above additional settings as well as ice evaporation and recondensation. We considered the photolysis and oxidation of hydrocarbons in the upper layer as well as the pyrolysis of complex organics to evaluate the radial distribution of carbon fraction in the disk by locally averaging individual particles.
Results. The carbon fraction drops off inside the snow line by two orders of magnitude compared to the solar value, under the following conditions: i) when silicate particles are much less sticky than icy particles and ii) when there are high-temperature regions in the disk upper layer. The former leads to fast decay of the icy pebble flux, while the silicate particles are still piling up inside the snow line. The latter contributes to the efficient turbulent stirring up of silicate particles to the upper UV-exposed layer.
Conclusions. We have identified simulation settings to reproduce a carbon depletion pattern that is consistent with the observed one in the inner Solar System. The conditions are not too restricted and allow for a diverse carbon fraction of rocky bodies. These effects could be responsible for the observed large diversity of metals on photospheres of white dwarfs and may suggest diverse surface environments for rocky planets in habitable zones.
Probing the magnetic fields of starspots with transit mapping
Authors: Menezes Fabian , Araújo Alexandre , Valio Adriana 
Published: October 2024

Context. Starspots, regions of strong magnetic fields, serve as indicators of stellar activity and the dynamo mechanism at play in the interior of stars. The magnetic fields of main-sequence stars play a crucial role in driving stellar activity. An effective approach to better understanding stellar magnetic fields and activity lies in the detailed characterisation of starspot properties.
Aims. We propose a new method for estimating the magnetic fields of starspots that employs modelling techniques of planetary transit mapping, which provides estimates of the size, intensity, and location of spots on the stellar photosphere.
Methods. A starspot’s maximum magnetic field was calculated using the linear relationship with the spot flux deficit, ΔFspot (the spot’s brightness times its area) and the well-characterised relation for sunspots determined in this work, Bspot = 1170 + 844log Δ​Fspot (G).
Results. Applying this relationship to previously mapped spots on the photospheres of 14 FGK and M stars yields spot maximum magnetic fields ranging from 2700 G to 4600 G, with an overall average of 3900 ± 400 G. We looked for correlations between starspot magnetic fields and stellar properties. We did not find any correlation between a spot’s mean extreme magnetic field and effective temperature, nor the differential shear. However, a weak anti-correlation is seen between the spots’ magnetic field and stellar age as well as between the magnetic field and the rotation period.
Conclusions. When compared with previous results of small-scale magnetic field measurements, the B values obtained here are basically constant and near the saturation limit found for rapid rotators. This implies that it is not the intensity of the magnetic field of starspots that decreases with age but rather the filling factor. This result offers a unique window into the magnetic dynamo of stars.
Synergien statt Rivalitäten – die missverstandenen
Rollen von kontinuierlicher intrajejunaler Levodopatherapie und Tiefer
Hirnstimulation in der Behandlung des Morbus Parkinson – eine
Expertenmeinung
Authors: Schröter Nils , Jost Wolfgang H. , Rijntjes Michel , Coenen Volker , Groppa Sergiu , Sajonz Bastian 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Therapie des Morbus Parkinson kommen sowohl die intrajejunale Applikation
von Levodopa/Carbidopa Intenstinalgel (LCIG) und seit kurzem
Levodpoa/Carbidopa/Entacapon Intestinalgel (LECIG) als auch die
Tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) zum Einsatz. Obwohl diese Verfahren sich in Ihren
Wirkungs- und Nebenwirkungsprofilen sowie dem Zeitpunkt des Einsatzes deutlich
unterscheiden, wird die Therapieeinleitung beider Verfahren häufig
simultan erst bei Erreichen eines fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungsstadiums
geprüft. Aus Sicht der Autoren erreichen Patienten aber mitunter zu
unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten ihrer Erkrankung die Meilensteine für die
Indikationsstellung eines der jeweiligen Verfahren. Hierbei spielt die
individuelle Krankheitsentwicklung eine tragende Rolle. Die Idee, dass alle
Patienten zu einem bestimmten und definierten Zeitpunkt nahezu gleichzeitig
Kandidat für ein bestimmtes Verfahren werden, erscheint den Autoren als
falsch. Im Rahmen dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden darum die
Therapieformen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit für verschiedene
Ziel-Symptome vorgestellt, die simultane Abwägung über den
Zeitpunkt des Einsatzes hinterfragt und eine individualisierte
Therapieevaluation – mit Augenmerk auf Lebensqualität und
gesellschaftliche Teilhabe – abgeleitet mit dem Ziel das Konzept des
„Entweder – Oder“ aufzuweichen und in ein
patientenzentriertes „Welches – Wann“ zu
überführen.
Die Flexionsfraktur des distalen Radius bei Extensionsmechanismus im
Handgelenk
Authors: Selle Christopher , Latz David , Friesen Denis , Schädel-Höpfner Michael 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Einteilung der distalen Radiusfraktur erfolgt in der
klinischen Praxis häufig anhand der vermuteten Unfallmechanismen in
„Extensionsfrakturen“ nach Colles oder „Flexionsfrakturen“ nach Smith. Häufig
liegt nach radiologischen Kriterien eine Flexionsfraktur vor, obwohl die
Patienten eindeutig einen Extensionsmechanismus beschreiben. Auch biomechanische
Untersuchungen lassen vermuten, dass ein Unfall in Extension des Handgelenkes
eine „Flexionsfraktur“ bedingen kann. Das Verständnis zu Entstehung dieser
Fraktur ist unzureichend.
Material und Methoden Zur Beantwortung der Frage, inwieweit
„Flexionsfrakturen“ in Extensionsstellung des Handgelenks entstehen können,
wurden vorhandene Daten von experimentell erzeugten Frakturen ausgewertet. Zur
Verfügung standen Parameter von nicht formalinfixierten, unbehandelten
Humanpräparaten, die im Zeitraum 01.01.2016–31.12.2021 für Osteosynthesekurse
frakturiert wurden. Sowohl die physikalischen Parameter der Frakturerzeugung,
als auch die biologische Beschreibung der verwendeten Präparate wurden mit den
radiologischen Kriterien anhand von Röntgen und Computertomographie
korreliert.
Ergebnisse 122 Präparate mit vollständigem Datensatz wurden ausgewertet,
hierunter fanden sich radiologisch 17 Flexionsfrakturen (13,9%). 10/17 wurden
unter einem Extensionsmechanismus erzeugt, bei einem mittleren Extensionswinkel
von 86,3° (im Vergleich zu 90,5° in der Gruppe der Extensionsfrakturen). Bezogen
auf die 10 Fälle von radiologischen Flexionsfrakturen unter
Extensionsmechanismus lag häufiger eine Pronationsstellung im Handgelenk (6/10)
vor als eine Supinationsstellung (1/10). Flexionsfrakturen zeigten im Mittel
eine niedrigere potentielle Energie im Moment der Frakturerzeugung mit 168,0
Joule, gegenüber 185,2 Joule bei Nicht-Flexionsfrakturen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Hypothese, dass eine als „Flexionsfraktur“ nach
Smith beschriebene Fraktur auch im Rahmen eines Unfalls mit
Extensionsmechanismus entstehen kann, konnte durch die Analyse vorhandener
Frakturpräparate bestätigt werden. Dieser Erkenntnis sollte durch gezielte
biomechanische Untersuchungen mit fokussierter Fragestellung weiter nachgegangen
werden.
Lung ultrasound score for the assessment of lung aeration in ARDS patients: comparison of two approaches
Authors: Mongodi Silvia , Chiumello Davide , Mojoli Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose A 4-step lung ultrasound (LUS) score has been previously used to quantify lung density. We compared 2 versions of this scoring system for distinguishing severe from moderate loss of aeration in ARDS: coalescence-based score (cLUS) vs. quantitative-based score (qLUS – >50% pleura occupied by artefacts).
Materials and Methods  We compared qLUS and cLUS to lung density measured by quantitative CT scan in 12 standard thoracic regions. A simplified approach (1 scan per region) was compared to an extensive one (regional score computed as the mean of all relevant intercostal space scores).
Results  We examined 13 conditions in 7 ARDS patients (7 at PEEP 5, 6 at PEEP 15 cmH2O-156 regions, 398 clips). Switching from cLUS to qLUS resulted in a change in interpretation in 117 clips (29.4%, 1-point reduction) and in 41.7% of the regions (64 decreases (range 0.2–1), 1 increase (0.2 points)). Regional qLUS showed very strong correlation with lung density (rs=0.85), higher than cLUS (rs=0.79; p=0.010). The agreement with CT classification in well aerated, poorly aerated, and not aerated tissue was moderate for cLUS (agreement 65.4%; Cohen’s K coefficient 0.475 (95%CI 0.391–0.547); p<0.0001) and substantial for qLUS (agreement 81.4%; Cohen’s K coefficient 0.701 (95%CI 0.653–0.765), p<0.0001). The agreement between single spot and extensive approaches was almost perfect (cLUS: agreement 89.1%, Cohen’s kappa coefficient 0.840 (95%CI 0.811–0.911), p<0.0001; qLUS: agreement 86.5%, Cohen’s kappa coefficient 0.819 (95%CI 0.761–0.848),
p<0.0001).
Conclusion  A LUS score based on the percentage of occupied pleura performs better than a coalescence-based approach for quantifying lung density. A simplified approach performs as well as an extensive one.
Prähospitale Sonografie – eine Evaluation der Anwendung in der Luftrettung
Authors: Rudolph Marcus , Kies Leopold , Braun Joerg , Heinz Wolfgang , Reifferscheid Florian 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Notfallsonografie hat sich als bettseitig durchführbares und schnelles Diagnostikum etabliert, auch in der Präklinik nimmt der Gebrauch dieser Technik zu. Die DRF Luftrettung nutzt diese Technik seit mehr als 20 Jahren. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die Anwendung in der Luftrettung und die Konsequenzen der Untersuchung. Weiterhin werden mögliche Optimierungen aufgezeigt.
Reductive Dehalogenation towards Olefins Mediated by Phase-Transfer Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hiscock Jennifer R. , Clark Ewan R. , Egambaram Orielia P. , Murray Alex T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMild biphasic conditions enable dibutylviologen salts to act as both phase-transfer catalysts and electrocatalysts for the electroreduction of vicinal dibromides. Optimized experimental reaction conditions permit the production of the corresponding alkenes in competitive yields for a wide range of activated and nonactivated substrates, demonstrating good functional-group tolerance.
Effect of Nucleophile Deprotonation on SuFEx: Synthesis of Sulfonamides
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michał , Dudziński Jan , Bochra Jacek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a quest for efficient SuFEx-type transformations we studied reactions of amines with 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride. The substrate may react by fluoride substitution at the aromatic ring (SNAr) and at the sulfonyl group (SuFEx). Analysis of the reaction course revealed that deprotonation of the N-nucleophile controls the reaction course: neutral amines in DMF attack at the aromatic ring, whereas amine anions, generated in equilibrium with LiHMDS in toluene, favor sulfonyl substitution. Using the base-promoted conditions we synthesized a set of substituted sulfonamides in high yields.
Enhanced Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides and Sulfamoyl Fluorides Using Fluorosulfonyl-Containing Radical Reagents
Authors: Weng Jiang , Xiong Ting , Hu Zi-Jun , Wang Ya-Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfonyl fluorides and sulfamoyl fluorides, as the most significant species among sulfur(VI) fluorides, have garnered considerable attention in various fields, including organic synthesis, materials science, chemical biology, and drug discovery. Fluorosulfonyl-containing radical reagents have unique reactivity and exhibit notable advantages in constructing complex organic molecules, achieving selective functional group transformations. This short review provides a detailed introduction to the diverse applications of fluorosulfonyl-containing radical reagents in organic synthesis, such as C–H bond functionalizations, difunctionalization of olefins, and tandem reactions, highlighting their crucial roles in synthesizing complex organic molecules1	Introduction2	Sulfuryl Chlorofluoride (FSO2Cl) as a Radical Reagent for the Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides3	FABI/IMSF as Solid-State Radical Reagents for the Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides4	Difunctionalization Reagents for the Synthesis of Bifunctional Sulfonyl Fluorides5	Fluorosulfonamidation Reagents for the Synthesis of Sulfamoyl Fluorides6	Conclusion
Applications of Sulfonyl Fluorides in Organic Transformations
Authors: Ke Congyu , Huang Shenlin , Wang Sichang , Zhou Chengxiang , Han Yunzi , Li Miao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfonyl fluorides, due to their balanced potential reactivity and stability as well as their compatibility with biological systems, have become important synthetic intermediates and building blocks in the fields of organic synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. Especially after the report of sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry by Sharpless and others, research on sulfonyl fluoride compounds and related compounds has increased significantly. This review summarizes application of sulfonyl fluorides in organic synthesis in the period 2014–2024, discussing different types of organic reactions, including C–X bond formation (including C–C, C–N, and C–F bond formation etc.), S–C bond formation, S–N bond formation, S–O bond formation, multicomponent ‘one-pot’ synthesis, and cyclization.1	Introduction2	Sulfonyl Fluorides Applied in C–X (C, N, F) Bond Formation3	Sulfonyl Fluorides Applied in S–C Bond Formation4	Sulfonyl Fluorides Applied in S–N Bond Formation5	Sulfonyl Fluorides Applied in S–O Bond Formation6	Sulfonyl Fluorides Applied in Multicomponent Reactions7	Sulfonyl Fluorides Applied in Cyclizations8	Conclusion and Perspective
Recent Advances in Chlorination: Novel Reagents and Methods from the Last Decade
Authors: Vogel Iago C. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Candeias Nuno R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChlorinated compounds are vital in organic synthesis, impacting nucleophilic substitutions, β-elimination, and C–H acidity. Herein, recent advances in (hetero)arene chlorination, focusing on novel reagents and methods developed in the past decade, are showcased. Traditional electrophilic agents such as Cl2 and PCl5 have been expanded with new chlorinating agents such as Palau’chlor, as well as with electrochemical and photochemical techniques. Biocatalyzed chlorination using FAD-dependent halogenases has also been explored. Key trends include green chemistry with eco-friendly chlorine sources like NaCl and HCl. Although nucleophilic chlorination remains rare, electrochemical methods show promise, despite equipment limitations. This graphical review highlights significant progress in the last decade towards more sustainable and efficient chlorination strategies.
Effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Technique in Neurological Conditions: An Updated Review
Authors: Kaushik Himani , Choudhary Avi , Sharma Mitushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective This updated review aims to identify the effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) techniques in neurological conditions.
Method A literature search was carried out from 2013 to 2024 on PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Scopus databases. Following keywords were used to identify the relevant articles such as dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, reflex-mediated DNS, neurological conditions, DNS, cerebral palsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative conditions, ataxia, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis with Boolean operators. All the full-text, English-written articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the review irrespective of their experiment study design, only the review article was excluded.
Results This updated review included 10 articles related to neurological conditions including, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral palsy. The results show significant differences in various outcome measures of the included studies.
Conclusion The findings suggest that DNS is an effective approach to use in the rehabilitation protocol of neurologically impaired patients and is beneficial in improving their health outcomes and overall quality of life. This review concludes that more evidence is required in this area of research with good quality research and long follow-up periods.
A Practical Approach to Diagnosing Peripheral Neuropathies
Authors: Jacoby Nuri , Anziska Yaacov 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyneuropathies are common, with the incidence increasing with older age. The causes of polyneuropathies are diverse and numerous, and it can be challenging for clinicians to determine the etiology of a particular patient's neuropathy. In this article, we systematically detail a practical approach to polyneuropathies, beginning with the most important aspects of the workup, the history and physical. We then discuss the limited diagnostic approach required for patients who present with a distal symmetric polyneuropathy and the more comprehensive approach for patients who present with other neuropathy subtypes.