bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the March of dimes preconception/prenatal family health history questionnaire: The Persian version
Authors: Mashhadi Abdolahi Hossein , Kargar Maher Mohammad Hassan , Karamouz Majid , Khosroshahi Hossein , Dastgiri Saeed 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a remarkable gap between rapid advancements in genetic technology and public health practice. Looking at the familial health history may bridge this gap for easier and cheaper diagnosis and prevention of congenital anomalies.The aim of this study was to validate and culturally adapt the March of Dimes Preconception/Prenatal Family Health History Questionnaire for the Iranian population.After obtaining written permission from March of Dimes, the translation–back translation of the original questionnaire was performed. The content validity was assessed by a team of 12 experts. Based on a sample of 50 general practitioners and 100 subjects referred to health centers from September to November 2014 in Tabriz, Iran, test‐retest reliability and inter‐rater reliability were evaluated by Kappa and Intra‐class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Content validity of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed according to the modified kappa value above 0.76 for all the items included in this tool. Inter‐rater reliability assessment yielded a kappa value between 0.62 and 0.92 for variables with dichotomous measurement scales and ICC ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 for variables with numeric scales. Test–retest re‐administration produced kappa ranging from 0.62 to 0.92 for variables with dichotomous measurement scales and ICC from 0.6 to 0.9 for variables with numeric scales. The Persian version of the March of Dimes preconception/prenatal family health history questionnaire showed acceptable reliability and validity and may be used as a simple tool for the detection of risk factors of birth defects in Iranian population.
Defining the timing and causes of death amongst patients undergoing colorectal resection in England
Authors: Mamidanna R. , Nachiappan S. , Bottle A. , Aylin P. , Faiz O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimHistorically, postoperative deaths have been reported up to 30 days following surgery. There is, however, emerging evidence that deaths attributable to surgery continue to occur much later than this time frame. This aim of this study was to analyse the timing and causes of mortality following colorectal resection.MethodData were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics database with linkage to mortality data from the Office for National Statistics. Patients who underwent colorectal resection between April 2001 and February 2007 were included. Causes of death were classified into colorectal cancer (CRC), other malignancy, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological and other.ResultsDuring the study period 171 791 patients underwent a colorectal resection. Thirty‐day mortality rates for elective procedures were 1.3, 3.5, 7.0 and 12.1% for the ≤ 65, 66–75, 76–85 and > 85 year age groups, respectively, compared with 2.2, 5.4, 9.8 and 16.7% at 90 days. For elective operations, at 30 days, 38.6% of patients who died had CRC recorded as the primary cause of death, whilst 25.4% died of cardiac causes. In the younger population undergoing a resection, deaths due to cardiac causes were significantly higher than the national average for the same age group even beyond 30 days (13.5% at 30 days, 11.1% at 90 days and 5.7% at 1 year).ConclusionThis study shows that deaths attributable to colorectal surgery occur beyond the conventionally utilized 30‐day period. Information presented to patients on the basis of 30‐day mortality estimates is likely to underestimate the true risk of surgical intervention.
Medication adherence 1 month after hospital discharge in medical inpatients
Authors: Mitchell B. , Chong C. , Lim W. K. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe rate of medication non‐adherence has been consistently reported to be between 20 and 50%. The majority of available data comes from international studies, and we hypothesised that a similar rate of adherence may be observed in Australian patients.AimsTo determine the rate of adherence to medications after discharge from acute general hospital admission and identify factors that may be associated with non‐adherence.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 68 patients, comparing admission and discharge medication regimens to self‐reported regimens 30–40 days after discharge from hospital. Patients were followed up via telephone call and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression used to determine patient factors associated with non‐adherence.ResultsIn all, 27 of 68 patients (39.7%) were non‐adherent to one or more regular medications at follow up. Intentional and unintentional non‐adherence contributed equally to non‐adherence. Using multivariate analysis, presence of a carer responsible for medications was associated with significantly lower non‐adherence (odds ratio (OR) 0.20 (0.05–0.83),P = 0.027) when adjusted for age, co‐morbidities, chemist blister pack and total number of discharge medications.ConclusionsNon‐adherence to prescription medications is suboptimal and consistent with previous overseas studies. Having a carer responsible for medications is associated with significantly lower rates of non‐adherence. Understanding patients’ preferences and involving them in their healthcare may reduce intentional non‐adherence.
Social upgrading in globalized production: The case of the textile and clothing industry
Authors: GIMET Céline , GUILHON Bernard , ROUX Nathalie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVertical specialization generated by the international fragmentation of production within global networks is driven not only by comparative advantage, but also by the locational decisions of lead firms which determine the role and bargaining power of local producers in their value chain. This study examines the consequences of such specialization in textiles and clothing for 26 labour‐abundant countries from 1990 to 2007. Fixed effects regressions based on panel data reveal that the industry does not always reap the benefits of the resulting international trade integration. Rather, the authors observe a negative relationship between vertical specialization and relative real wages in the textile and clothing industry.
Deep reefs are climatic refugia for genetic diversity of marine forests
Authors: Assis Jorge , Coelho Nelson Castilho , Lamy Thomas , Valero Myriam , Alberto Filipe , Serrão Ester Álvares 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimPast climate‐driven range shifts shaped intraspecific diversities of species world‐wide. Earlier studies, focused on glacial refugia, might have overlooked genetic erosion at lower latitudes associated with warmer periods. For marine species able to colonize deeper waters, depth shifts might be important for local persistence, preventing some latitudinal shifts, analogous to elevational refugia in terrestrial habitats. In this study, we asked whether past latitudinal or depth range shifts explain extant gene pools in Saccorhiza polyschides, a large habitat structuring brown alga distributed from coastal to offshore deep reefs.LocationNorth‐east Atlantic and western Mediterranean basin.MethodsGenetic structure and diversity were inferred using seven microsatellite loci, for 27 sites throughout the entire distributional range. Ecological niche modelling (ENM) was performed with and without information about genetic structure (sub‐taxon niche structure) to predict distributions for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the warmer Mid‐Holocene (MH) and the present.ResultsBoth ENM approaches predicted a wider potential distribution in deeper waters than is presently known, a post‐glacial expansion to northern shores and the extirpation of southern edges during the warmer MH. Genetic data corroborated range dynamics, revealing three major genetic groups with current boundaries in the Bay of Biscay and the Lisbon coastal region, pinpointing ancient refugial origins. Despite extensive southern range contraction, the southernmost warmer regions are still the richest in genetic diversity, indicating long‐term persistence of large populations. ENMs suggested that this could only have been possible due to stable refugia in deeper reefs.Main conclusionsThe global distribution of gene pools of temperate marine forests is explained by past range shifts that structured both latitudinal glacial refugia and depth refugia during warmer periods. Deep rear edge populations play a fundamental role during periods of extreme climate, allowing persistence and retaining some of the largest genetic diversity pools of the species' distribution.
Clinical significance and validity of the subclassification for colorectal laterally spreading tumor granular type
Authors: Shigita Kenjiro , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Sumimoto Kyoku , Hirano Daiki , Tamaru Yuzuru , Ninomiya Yuki , Asayama Naoki , Hayashi Nana , Nagata Shinji , Arihiro Koji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Colorectal laterally spreading tumor granular type (LST‐G) is generally divided into two subtypes based on morphology. Here, we retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of a concrete, objective LST‐G subclassification.Methods:This study examined 636 consecutive cases that were resected endoscopically or surgically. LST‐G was subclassified as follows: Type 1, a lesion with homogenous uniform granules with uniform (<5 mm) nodules; Type 2, a lesion with granules and small nodules (≥5 mm, <10 mm); or Type 3, a lesion accompanied by large nodules (≥10 mm). For the validation study, 194 images were compiled from 97 cases investigated using conventional colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine dye spraying. Images were distributed in a randomized order to students without prior endoscopy experience, less‐experienced endoscopists (LEE group), and highly experienced endoscopists (HEE group). Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement were then evaluated.Results:There was no submucosal invasion in Type 1 lesions. The incidence of deep submucosal invasive carcinoma was higher for Type 3 lesions than for Type 2 lesions. Interobserver agreement was good in each group. Diagnostic accuracy was higher in the HEE group than in the student and LEE groups. Chromoendoscopy had a higher accuracy rate than conventional colonoscopy in the LEE and HEE groups (LEE, 0.74 vs 0.69, P < 0.05; HEE, 0.84 vs 0.78, P < 0.05).Conclusions:This subclassification of LST‐G according to the diameters of granules and nodules was both useful for choosing therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting and universally applicable.
“Nothing More Than the Usual Injury”: Debating Hockey Violence During the Manslaughter Trials of Allan Loney (1905) and Charles Masson (1907)
Authors: Lorenz Stacy L. , Osborne Geraint B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis historical case study of violence in Canadian hockey examines media coverage of two manslaughter trials: the 1905 trial of Allan Loney and the 1907 trial of Charles Masson. Both players stood accused of killing opposing players by striking them in the head with their hockey sticks. In each case, the offending player was acquitted in the courts, mainly because such violence was deemed intrinsic to the sport. Injuries that resulted from violent acts were downplayed or ignored; even death from a deliberate stick attack could be rationalized as an unfortunate accident. Newspaper accounts of the deaths, trials, and subsequent acquittals offer valuable insight into the cultural narratives surrounding hockey violence and notions of masculinity in early twentieth‐century Canada. These cases generated considerable debate around the issue of what constituted “clean” and “rough” hockey. The game reports, trial coverage, and public opinion examined in this case study suggest that stick‐swinging incidents and aggressive play have been regarded as ordinary and “proper” aspects of “strenuous hockey” for more than a century. The historical examination of such cases is important because the justifications for violence that were articulated in the context of the deaths continue to be voiced in contemporary discussions of hockey violence. As long as fighting and aggression remain markers of masculinity – and hockey continues to be seen as a training ground for manhood – it will be difficult to remove such forms of violence from the sport.
Modeling of Community- and Hospital-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Transmission in Hospital Settings
Authors: Agusto F.B. , Knight K.N. , Jones M. 
Published: November 2015

In this paper we developed both deterministicand stochastic models of community- and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission (MRSA) to quantify their interactions in a hospital settings. The disease-free equilibrium of the model is locally-asymptotically stable whenever the associated reproduction number is less than unity. The disease persists in the community whenever the reproduction number is greater than unity. Although our stochastic model evolves on an unbounded state space, we show it is positive recurrent. The result obtained from the sensitivity analysis using the deterministic model indicates that the dominant parameters are the hand washing compliance rate, the health-care workers decolonization rate, environmental contamination rate, the admission rates into the hospital, isolation rate of patients with CA-MRSA and isolation rate of patients with HA-MRSA, the transmission probabilities of CA- and HA-MRSA В per contact with health-care workers and transmission probability of health-care workers В per contact with patients. Numerical simulations of the deterministic model obtained from using the dominate parameters as combination of control strategies such as low-, moderate and high-effectiveness control strategies show that disease prevalence among the hospital patients and the bacterial in the hospital environment can be controlled by moderate- and high-effectiveness control strategies. However, for health-care workers the disease prevalence can only be effectively controlled by the high-effectiveness control strategy.
Discovery of URAT1 SNPs and association between serum uric acid levels and URAT1
Authors: Cho Sung Kweon , Kim Soriul , Chung Jae-Yong , Jee Sun Ha 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesHuman urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a member of the organic anion transporter family (SLC22A12) that primarily regulates the renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid. This case–control study was designed to analyse whether hURAT1 might also be a candidate gene for hyperuricaemia or hypouricaemia.SettingWe recruited 68 healthy volunteers and divided them into two groups: a normal uric acid group and a hyperuricaemia group. We analysed the sequence of the URAT1 gene and found five significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We then selected 900 male subjects from the 262 200 enrolled in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) cohort for further genetic analysis.ParticipantsDNA samples from 36 individuals with normal uric acid (<4.5 mg/dL) and 32 individuals with hyperuricaemia (>8.5 mg/dL) were sequenced. Five significant SNPs (rs7929627, rs75786299, rs3825017, rs11602903 and rs121907892) were identified. We then chose 900 subjects from the KCPS-II cohort consisting of 450 subjects with normal uric acid (UA <4.1 mg/dL) and 450 subjects with hyperuricaemia (UA >8.7 mg/dL). The groups were matched by age, body mass index, metabolic syndrome and use of anti-hypertensive medication.Primary outcome measuresWe compared the OR of the incidence of hyperuricaemia by URAT1 genotype.ResultsThe strongest association with hyperuricaemia was observed for rs75786299 (IVS3+11A/G) with an OR of 32.05. rs7929627 (IVS7-103A/G) and rs3825017 (N82N) showed an association with hyperuricaemia with ORs of 2.56 and 2.29, respectively. rs11602903 (788A/T) and rs121907892 (W258X) were negatively correlated with hyperuricaemia with ORs of 0.350 and 0.447, respectively. Individuals carrying the GATAG haplotype (n=32)—a relatively common variant consisting of rs7929627, rs75786299 and rs3825017—showed the highest risk for hyperuricaemia with an OR of 92.23 (p=9.55×10−3).ConclusionsThese results indicate that five newly described SNPs in the hURAT1 gene are significantly associated with uric acid level (4-2008-0318 and 4-2011-0277).
Prevalence, Clinicopathological Characteristics, and Outcome of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer in Southern Chinese Patients
Authors: Lam Eddy W.H. , Chan Jimmy Y.W. , Chan Amy B.W. , Ng Chi Sing , Lo Stephen T.H. , Lam Vincent S.C. , Chan Michael M.H. , Ngai Chi Man , Vlantis Alexander C. , Ma Raymond K.H. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background: Although the global incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing, there is little information on southern Chinese population available.
Methods: We analyzed 207 patients which constituted 63.5% of all newly diagnosed OPSCC in Hong Kong during a 5-year period from 2005 to 2009.
Results: We used E6/7 mRNA as a marker of oncogenic involvement and found 20.8% (43/207) of OPSCC and 29.0% (36/124) of tonsillar SCC was associated with HPV. HPV-16 was identified in all cases except one (HPV-18). Patients with HPV-associated OPSCCs were significantly younger than HPV-negative patients (mean age: 59.8 vs. 63.9 years, P = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that HPV-associated OPSCC was more likely to occur in nonsmokers (39.5% vs. 15.1%, OR: 2.89, P = 0.05), nondrinkers (52.5% vs. 25.6%, OR: 2.72, P = 0.04), originate from the palatine tonsils (83.7% vs. 53.7%, OR: 3.88, P = 0.01), present with an early primary tumor (T1/2; 79.1% vs. 47.6%, OR: 3.81, P = 0.004), and exhibit basaloid differentiation (33.3% vs. 7.3%, OR: 19.74, P = 0.006). HPV positivity was an independent predictor for better prognosis for both 5-year overall and 5-year disease-specific survivals (DSS; 63.0% vs. 29.7%, HR: 0.33, P &lt; 0.001, and 87.8% vs. 42.6%, HR: 0.16, P &lt; 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: The estimated age-standardized incidence of OPSCC in Hong Kong during the period 2005–2009 was 0.12/100,000/year.
Impact: This study has provided the most comprehensive clinical and pathologic information to date about this newly recognized disease in southern Chinese. In view of the global trend, we should anticipate and prepare for an increase in HPV-related OPSCC in southern China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 165–73. ©2015 AACR.
MIF Is Necessary for Late-Stage Melanoma Patient MDSC Immune Suppression and Differentiation
Authors: Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Rendon Beatriz E. , Lamont Gwyneth , Kim Eun Jung , Al Rayyan Numan , Richie Jamaal , Albeituni Sabrin , Waigel Sabine , Wise Ashley , Mitchell Robert A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Highly aggressive cancers “entrain” innate and adaptive immune cells to suppress antitumor lymphocyte responses. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) constitute the bulk of monocytic immunosuppressive activity in late-stage melanoma patients. Previous studies revealed that monocyte-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is necessary for the immunosuppressive function of tumor-associated macrophages and MDSCs in mouse models of melanoma. In the current study, we sought to determine whether MIF contributes to human melanoma MDSC induction and T-cell immunosuppression using melanoma patient-derived MDSCs and an ex vivo coculture model of human melanoma-induced MDSC. We now report that circulating MDSCs isolated from late-stage melanoma patients are reliant upon MIF for suppression of antigen-independent T-cell activation and that MIF is necessary for maximal reactive oxygen species generation in these cells. Moreover, inhibition of MIF results in a functional reversion from immunosuppressive MDSC to an immunostimulatory dendritic cell (DC)–like phenotype that is at least partly due to reductions in MDSC prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These findings indicate that monocyte-derived MIF is centrally involved in human monocytic MDSC induction/immunosuppressive function and that therapeutic targeting of MIF may provide a novel means of inducing antitumor DC responses in late-stage melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(2); 101–12. ©2015 AACR.
Manifestação de recursos poéticos em dois filmes do Cinema Novo
Authors: Canizal Eduardo Peñuela 
Published: November 2015

<p align="left">As considerações que se seguem têm como objetivo levantar uma hipótese de leitura fundamentada no atinente ao papel que alguns recursos retóricos desempenham em <span style="font-family: Arial,Italic;">Vidas secas </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">e </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Italic;">Terra em transe</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Além disso, tentarei avaliar o alcance dessas hipóteses através de um exercício de interpretação que me permita estabelecer diferenças na manifestação do poético, entendido no âmbito das ciências da linguagem, nessas duas obras. Para tanto, farei, inicialmente, observações de caráter geral destinadas a esclarecer os pontos básicos em que se apóia a leitura, que mais adiante realizo, de fragmentos dos filmes.</span></p>
A identidade portuguesa através de representações turísticas durante o Estado Novo
Authors: Cadavez Cândida 
Published: November 2015

Acredita-se que as pessoas se tornam turistas na medida em que conhecem a cultura dos Outros e entram em contato com ela. A maior parte dos viajantes escolheria seus destinos baseada na promessa de visitarem paisagens exclusivas, em ambientes autênticos e inimitáveis, oriundos de importantes eventos históricos. As narrativas turísticas são profícuas em articular motivos culturais e nacionais para respaldar suas construções. Há um uso constante de conceitos como , e , o que leva os turistas à crença de que entrarão em contato com uma realidade intocada – e que seria, de alguma maneira, endêmica. Isso posto, percebe-se a estreita relação entre as narrativas turísticas e as nacionalistas, já que ambas compartilham as mesmas estratégias de validação discursiva. Este estudo é parte de uma corrente pesquisa de doutorado, cujo objetivo é analisar como o Estado Novo fez uso de representações turísticas para disseminar e legitimar sua ideologia política. Com o artigo, gostaria de apresentar e discutir momentos-chave na indústria portuguesa do turismo, durante os anos 1930 e 1940. Abordarei o Primeiro Congresso Nacional de Turismo (1936) e a figura de António Ferro, assessor de Oliveira Salazar para assuntos turísticos.
Scripture and deconstruction of image and sound on the movies
Authors: Casadei Eliza , Venancio Rafael 
Published: November 2015

<p>The aim of this paper is to analyze the unfinished film L’Enfer (1964) through the documentary Henri-Georges Clouzot’s Inferno (2009), using the theoretical framework of Deconstruction represented here by the cinema theories of Jacques Derrida and Jean-François Lyotard. We intend, therefore, to show how this Clouzot’s film about inferno and jealousy had, as the main axis of articulation, a deconstruction of two core elements of cinematic art: sound and image. It is from a critical review of these elements that Clouzot seeks another way of linguistic (re)presentation.</p>