bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life density‐dependence effects on growth and survival in subantarctic fur seals
Authors: Pacoureau Nathan , Authier Matthieu , Delord Karine , Guinet Christophe , Barbraud Christophe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the regulation of natural populations has been a long‐standing research program in ecology. Current knowledge on marine mammals and seabirds is biased toward the adult component of populations and lacking are studies investigating the juvenile component. Our goal was to estimate demographic parameters on the pre‐weaning stage of a subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) population on Amsterdam Island, suspected to be regulated by density‐dependence. The influence of abundance on growth parameters (length and weight) and survival was assessed over a study period spanning 16 years. We evidenced a negative trend in population growth rate when density increased. Density‐dependence models were favored for pup body size and mass growth. Abundance had a clear influence on body length at high population‐density, pups grew slower and were smaller at weaning than pups born in years with low population density. Abundance partly explained pup body mass variation and a weak effect was detected on pre‐weaning survival. The causal mechanisms may be increased competition for food resources between breeding females, leading to a reduction of maternal input to their pups. Our results suggested that pup favored survival over growth and the development of their diving abilities in order to withstand the extreme fasting periods that are characteristic of this fur seal population. This analysis provides significant insight of density‐dependent processes on early‐life demographic parameters of a long lived and top‐predator species, and more specifically on the pre‐weaning stage with important consequences for our understanding of individual long‐term fitness and population dynamics.
Efficient de novo synthesis of resveratrol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Wu Junjun , Zhou Peng , Zhang Xia , Dong Mingsheng 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Resveratrol has been the subject of numerous scientific investigations due to its health-promoting activities against a variety of diseases. However, developing feasible and efficient microbial processes remains challenging owing to the requirement of supplementing expensive phenylpropanoic precursors. Here, various metabolic engineering strategies were developed for efficient de novo biosynthesis of resveratrol. A recombinant malonate assimilation pathway from Rhizobium trifolii was introduced to increase the supply of the key precursor malonyl-CoA and simultaneously, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference system was explored to down-regulate fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to inactivate the malonyl-CoA consumption pathway. Down-regulation of fabD, fabH, fabB, fabF, fabI increased resveratrol production by 80.2, 195.6, 170.3, 216.5 and 123.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effect of these genetic perturbations was investigated, which increased the resveratrol titer to 188.1 mg/L. Moreover, the efficiency of this synthetic pathway was improved by optimizing the expression level of the rate-limiting enzyme TAL based on reducing mRNA structure of 5′ region. This further increased the final resveratrol titer to 304.5 mg/L. The study described here paves the way to the development of a simple and economical process for microbial production of resveratrol.
Neurocognitive profiles in MSUD school‐age patients
Authors: Bouchereau Juliette , Leduc‐Leballeur Julie , Pichard Samia , Imbard Apolline , Benoist Jean‐François , Abi Warde Marie‐Thérèse , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Barbier Valérie , Brassier Anaïs , Broué Pierre , Cano Aline , Chabrol Brigitte , Damon Gilles , Gay Claire , Guillain Isabelle , Habarou Florence , Lamireau Delphine , Ottolenghi Chris , Paermentier Laetitia , Sabourdy Frédérique , Touati Guy , Ogier de Baulny Hélène , de Lonlay Pascale , Schiff Manuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD), an inborn error of amino acids catabolism is characterized by accumulation of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, valine and their corresponding alpha‐ketoacids. Impact on the cognitive development has been reported historically, with developmental delays of varying degree. Currently, earlier diagnosis and improved management allow a better neurodevelopment, without requirement of special education. However, specific impairments can be observed, and so far, results of detailed neurocognitive assessments are not available. The aim of this study was to analyse neurocognitive profiles of French MSUD patients. This was a multicentre retrospective study on MSUD patients who underwent neurocognitive evaluation at primary school age. Twenty‐one patients with classical neonatal onset MSUD were included. The patients’ mean age at the time of evaluation was 8.7 years. The mean intellectual quotient (IQ) score was in the normal range (95.1 ± 12.6). In a subset of eight patients, a consistent developmental pattern of higher verbal than performance IQ was observed (mean of the difference 25.7 ± 8.7, p < 0.0001). No correlation could be established between this pattern and long‐term metabolic balance (BCAA blood levels), or severity of acute metabolic imbalances, or leucine blood levels at diagnosis and time to toxin removal procedure. These data show that some MSUD patients may exhibit an abnormal neurocognitive profile with higher verbal than performance abilities. This might suggest an executive dysfunction disorder that would need to be further investigated by specialized testing. This pattern is important to detect in MSUD, as appropriate neuropsychological treatment strategies should be proposed.
Analysis of the loss of boundary conditions for the diffusive Hamilton–Jacobi equation
Authors: Porretta Alessio , Souplet Philippe 
Published: March 2017

We consider the diffusive Hamilton–Jacobi equation, with superquadratic Hamiltonian, homogeneous Dirichlet conditions and regular initial data. It is known from [4] (Barles–DaLio, 2004) that the problem admits a unique, continuous, global viscosity solution, which extends the classical solution in case gradient blowup occurs. We study the question of the possible loss of boundary conditions after gradient blowup, which seems to have remained an open problem till now.
Our results show that the issue strongly depends on the initial data and reveal a rather rich variety of phenomena. For any smooth bounded domain, we construct initial data such that the loss of boundary conditions occurs everywhere on the boundary, as well as initial data for which no loss of boundary conditions occurs in spite of gradient blowup. Actually, we show that the latter possibility is rather exceptional. More generally, we show that the set of the points where boundary conditions are lost, can be prescribed to be arbitrarily close to any given open subset of the boundary.
Postoperative Pain Self‐Management Behavior in Patients Who Underwent Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhu Ning‐Ning , Xu Pei‐Pei , Lei Ting‐Ting , Sun Ting , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe self‐management of acute postoperative pain is not well researched. This cross‐sectional study investigates postoperative pain and pain self‐management behavior. We recruited 127 patients who underwent total knee or total hip arthroplasty in an acute care hospital. We measured postoperative pain intensity and pain self‐management behavior for three postoperative days. The results showed that the participants experienced mild and moderate pain intensity and perceived moderate to severe pain interference, which influenced their mood, sleep patterns, ability to walk, and performance of general activities and rehabilitation exercises. Female participants reported significantly higher pain intensity and lower pain self‐management behavior; highly educated participants reported significantly lower pain intensity and higher self‐management behavior. Pain intensity scores had a significant negative correlation with the total self‐management behavior score (r = −0.719, P < .01). Health care professionals must consider patients’ demographic characteristics when providing education and support regarding pain self‐management for postoperative pain control.
Operative Landscape at Canadian Neurosurgery Residency Programs
Authors: Tso Michael K. , Dakson Ayoub , Ahmed Syed Uzair , Bigder Mark , Elliott Cameron , Guha Daipayan , Iorio-Morin Christian , Kameda-Smith Michelle , Lavergne Pascal , Makarenko Serge , Taccone Michael S. , Wang Bill , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Sankar Tejas , Christie Sean D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground Currently, the literature lacks reliable data regarding operative case volumes at Canadian neurosurgery residency programs. Our objective was to provide a snapshot of the operative landscape in Canadian neurosurgical training using the trainee-led Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative. Methods: Anonymized administrative operative data were gathered from each neurosurgery residency program from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014. Procedures were broadly classified into cranial, spine, peripheral nerve, and miscellaneous procedures. A number of prespecified subspecialty procedures were recorded. We defined the resident case index as the ratio of the total number of operations to the total number of neurosurgery residents in that program. Resident number included both Canadian medical and international medical graduates, and included residents on the neurosurgery service, off-service, or on leave for research or other personal reasons. Results: Overall, there was an average of 1845 operative cases per neurosurgery residency program. The mean numbers of cranial, spine, peripheral nerve, and miscellaneous procedures were 725, 466, 48, and 193, respectively. The nationwide mean resident case indices for cranial, spine, peripheral nerve, and total procedures were 90, 58, 5, and 196, respectively. There was some variation in the resident case indices for specific subspecialty procedures, with some training programs not performing carotid endarterectomy or endoscopic transsphenoidal procedures. Conclusions: This study presents the breadth of neurosurgical training within Canadian neurosurgery residency programs. These results may help inform the implementation of neurosurgery training as the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons residency training transitions to a competence-by-design curriculum.
UNIVERSAL ROSSER PREDICATES
Authors: KIKUCHI MAKOTO , KURAHASHI TAISHI 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGödel introduced the original provability predicate in the proofs of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, and Rosser defined a new one. They are equivalent in the standard model ${\mathbb N}$ of arithmetic or any nonstandard model of ${\rm PA} + {\rm Con_{PA}} $, but the behavior of Rosser’s provability predicate is different from the original one in nonstandard models of ${\rm PA} + \neg {\rm Con_{PA}} $. In this paper, we investigate several properties of the derivability conditions for Rosser provability predicates, and prove the existence of a Rosser provability predicate with which we can define any consistent complete extension of ${\rm PA}$ in some nonstandard model of ${\rm PA} + \neg {\rm Con_{PA}} $. We call it a universal Rosser predicate. It follows from the theorem that the true arithmetic ${\rm TA}$ can be defined as the set of theorems of ${\rm PA}$ in terms of a universal Rosser predicate in some nonstandard model of ${\rm PA} + \neg {\rm Con_{PA}} $. By using this theorem, we also give a new proof of a theorem that there is a nonstandard model M of ${\rm PA} + \neg {\rm Con_{PA}} $ such that if N is an initial segment of M which is a model of ${\rm PA} + {\rm Con_{PA}} $ then every theorem of ${\rm PA}$ in N is a theorem of $\rm PA$ in ${\mathbb N}$. In addition, we prove that there is a Rosser provability predicate such that the set of theorems of $\rm PA$ in terms of the Rosser provability predicate is inconsistent in any nonstandard model of ${\rm PA} + \neg {\rm Con_{PA}} $.
THE FIELD OF p-ADIC NUMBERS WITH A PREDICATE FOR THE POWERS OF AN INTEGER
Authors: MARIAULE NATHANAËL 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the decidability of the theory of ℚp in the language (+, −,⋅, 0, 1, Pn(n ∈ ℕ)) expanded by a predicate for the multiplicative subgroup nℤ (where n is a fixed integer). There are two cases: if $v_p \left( n \right) > 0$ then the group determines a cross-section and we get an axiomatization of the theory and a result of quantifier elimination. If $v_p \left( n \right) = 0$, then we use the Mann property of the group to get an axiomatization of the theory.
DEGREES OF CATEGORICITY ON A CONE VIAη-SYSTEMS
Authors: CSIMA BARBARA F. , HARRISON-TRAINOR MATTHEW 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the complexity of isomorphisms of computable structures on cones in the Turing degrees. We show that, on a cone, every structure has a strong degree of categoricity, and that degree of categoricity is${\rm{\Delta }}_\alpha ^0 $-complete for someα. To prove this, we extend Montalbán’sη-system framework to deal with limit ordinals in a more general way. We also show that, for any fixed computable structure, there is an ordinalαand a cone in the Turing degrees such that the exact complexity of computing an isomorphism between the given structure and another copy${\cal B}$in the cone is a c.e. degree in${\rm{\Delta }}_\alpha ^0\left( {\cal B} \right)$. In each of our theorems the cone in question is clearly described in the beginning of the proof, so it is easy to see how the theorems can be viewed as general theorems with certain effectiveness conditions.
HANDMADE DENSITY SETS
Authors: CAROTENUTO GEMMA 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGiven a metric space (X , d), equipped with a locally finite Borel measure, a measurable set $A \subseteq X$ is a density set if the points where A has density 1 are exactly the points of A. We study the topological complexity of the density sets of the real line with Lebesgue measure, with the tools—and from the point of view—of descriptive set theory. In this context a density set is always in $\Pi _3^0$. We single out a family of true $\Pi _3^0$ density sets, an example of true $\Sigma _2^0$ density set and finally one of true $\Pi _2^0$ density set.
GENERIC EXISTENCE OF MAD FAMILIES
Authors: GUZMÁN-GONZÁLEZ OSVALDO , HRUŠÁK MICHAEL , MARTÍNEZ-RANERO CARLOS AZAREL , RAMOS-GARCÍA ULISES ARIET 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this note we study generic existence of maximal almost disjoint (MAD) families. Among other results we prove that Cohen-indestructible families exist generically if and only if b = c. We obtain analogous results for other combinatorial properties of MAD families, including Sacks-indestructibility and being +-Ramsey.
COMPUTING STRENGTH OF STRUCTURES RELATED TO THE FIELD OF REAL NUMBERS
Authors: IGUSA GREGORY , KNIGHT JULIA F. , SCHWEBER NOAH DAVID 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn [8], the third author defined a reducibility$\le _w^{\rm{*}}$that lets us compare the computing power of structures of any cardinality. In [6], the first two authors showed that the ordered field of reals${\cal R}$lies strictly above certain related structures. In the present paper, we show that$\left( {{\cal R},exp} \right) \equiv _w^{\rm{*}}{\cal R}$. More generally, for the weak-looking structure${\cal R}$ℚconsisting of the real numbers with just the ordering and constants naming the rationals, allo-minimal expansions of${\cal R}$ℚare equivalent to${\cal R}$. Using this, we show that for any analytic functionf,$\left( {{\cal R},f} \right) \equiv _w^{\rm{*}}{\cal R}$. (This is so even if$\left( {{\cal R},f} \right)$is noto-minimal.)
TURING DEGREE SPECTRA OF DIFFERENTIALLY CLOSED FIELDS
Authors: MARKER DAVID , MILLER RUSSELL 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe degree spectrum of a countable structure is the set of all Turing degrees of presentations of that structure. We show that every nonlow Turing degree lies in the spectrum of some differentially closed field (of characteristic 0, with a single derivation) whose spectrum does not contain the computable degree 0. Indeed, this is an equivalence, for we also show that if this spectrum contained a low degree, then it would contain the degree 0. From these results we conclude that the spectra of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0 are exactly the jump-preimages of spectra of automorphically nontrivial graphs.
Gender Regimes in Ontario Nursing Homes: Organization, Daily Work, and Bodies
Authors: Storm Palle , Braedley Susan , Chivers Sally 
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉAujourd’hui, des hommes, ainsi que des personnes immigrantes, travaillent dans le secteur des soins de longue durée. Cette nouvelle donne modifie profondément le stéréotype du travailleur de ce secteur, soit une femme d’un certain âge née au Canada. Bien que toujours minoritaires, on en sait peu sur les expériences de travail des hommes qui prodiguent des soins de longue durée, ainsi que sur les dilemmes et les opportunités auxquels ils font face en raison de leur genre. Cet article examine comment le personnel de deux centres d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée ontariens perçoit les travailleurs masculins de ce secteur. S’appuyant sur une méthode ethnographique rapide, qui comprend à la fois des entrevues et des observations, nous avons constaté que le style de gestion de ces établissements entraîne des répercussions significatives sur l’intégration et l’acceptation des travailleurs masculins. Dans un centre d’hébergement doté d’une organisation du travail rigide et laissant peu de place au pouvoir décisionnel des travailleurs, les travailleurs masculins sont perçus négativement. Au contraire, dans des centres d’hébergement dotés d’une organisation du travail plus flexible qui met l’emphase sur une approche relationnelle du care, les travailleurs masculins sont perçus plus positivement. Finalement, des processus de racialisation influencent également les relations de genre dans les centres d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée.
A scaffolding approach to coreference resolution integrating statistical and rule-based models
Authors: LEE HEEYOUNG , SURDEANU MIHAI , JURAFSKY DAN 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe describe a scaffolding approach to the task of coreference resolution that incrementally combines statistical classifiers, each designed for a particular mention type, with rule-based models (for sub-tasks well-matched to determinism). We motivate our design by an oracle-based analysis of errors in a rule-based coreference resolution system, showing that rule-based approaches are poorly suited to tasks that require a large lexical feature space, such as resolving pronominal and common-noun mentions. Our approach combines many advantages: it incrementally builds clusters integrating joint information about entities, uses rules for deterministic phenomena, and integrates rich lexical, syntactic, and semantic features with random forest classifiers well-suited to modeling the complex feature interactions that are known to characterize the coreference task. We demonstrate that all these decisions are important. The resulting system achieves 63.2 F1 on the CoNLL-2012 shared task dataset, outperforming the rule-based starting point by over seven F1 points. Similarly, our system outperforms an equivalent sieve-based approach that relies on logistic regression classifiers instead of random forests by over four F1 points. Lastly, we show that by changing the coreference resolution system from relying on constituent-based syntax to using dependency syntax, which can be generated in linear time, we achieve a runtime speedup of 550 per cent without considerable loss of accuracy.
The spectacular 200 kpc-wide disk of the Malin 1 giant low surface brightness galaxy
Authors: Boissier Samuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMalin 1 is the best example among giant low surface brightness galaxies. New observations of this object in 6 broad-bands allow us for the first time to perform a pan-chromatic study of the stellar population in its 200 kpc wide disk. We observe a spiral structure revealing a star forming disk. The colors indicate a long history with a low efficiency of star formation. It is well reproduced by a model of disk galaxy making it similar to the disk of the Milky Way or other nearby spirals, except for its extremely large angular momentum.
Gas accretion from the cosmic web feeding disk galaxies
Authors: Almeida J. Sánchez , Olmo-García A. , Elmegreen B. G. , Muñoz-Tuñón C. , Elmegreen D. M. , Filho M. E. , Pérez-Montero E. , Amorín R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDisk galaxies in cosmological numerical simulations grow by accreting gas from the cosmic web. This gas reaches the external disk, and then spirals in dragged along by tidal forces and/or disk instabilities. The importance of gas infall is as clear from numerical simulations as it is obscure to observations. Extremely metal poor (XMP) galaxies seem to be the best example we have of the gas accretion process at work. They have large off-center starbursts which show significant metallicity drop compared with the host galaxy. This observation is naturally explained as a gas accretion event caught in the act. We present preliminary results of the kinematical properties of the metal poor starbursts in XMPs, which suggest that the starbursts are kinematically decoupled entities within the host galaxy.
The radial extent of the Galactic thick disk
Authors: Bensby Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBased on observational data from the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey we probe the abundance structure in the Milky Way stellar disk as a function of galactocentric radius and height above the plane. We find that the inner and outer Galactic disks have different chemical signatures. The stars in the inner Galactic disk show abundance signatures of both the thin and thick disks, while the stars in the outer Galactic disk resemble in majority the abundances seen in the thin disk. Assuming that the Galactic thick disk can be associated with the α-enriched population, this can be interpreted as that the thick disk density drops drastically beyond a galactocentric radius of about 10 kpc. This is in agreement with recent findings that the thick disk has a short scale-length, shorter than that of the the thin disk.
HST Observations Reveal the Curious Geometry of Circumgalactic Gas
Authors: Kacprzak Glenn G. , Muzahid Sowgat , Churchill Christopher W. , Nielsen Nikole M. , Charlton Jane C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have discovered that warm gas flows along galaxy major and minor axes detected out to 200 kpc. Our results are derived from a sample of HST-imaged isolated galaxies with nearby background quasars used to probe their 105K CGM detected in HST/COS UV spectra (traced by Ovi absorption). We constrain the geometry of the gas to reside between 20-40 degrees of the projected major axis and within 60 degrees of the projected minor axis, with little-to-no gas found in between. Furthermore, strong absorption systems tend to be found along the minor axes of star-forming galaxies. All of our results are consistent with the current view of the CGM originating from major axis-fed inflows/recycled gas and from minor axis-driven outflows.