bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Energy Efficiency Improvement Methodology for Upstream Oil and Gas Operations
Authors: Grassian David , Bahatem Mohammed , Scott Trevor , Olsen Daniel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to develop a simple and effective methodology for capturing, analyzing and improving energy intensive processes in an upstream oil and gas field. The improvement of an upstream field's energy intensive processes can be challenging due to the dynamic, time variant, nature of the operations involved. It is nonetheless essential to minimize energy consumption in marginal fields in order to realize lower operating costs and remain profitable in a low-oil price environment. Therefore, Mubadala Petroleum researchers in Operational Excellence developed an effective energy efficiency improvement methodology. This study describes the methodology developed.
The methodology involved consists of the following steps: identificationand decomposition of system boundaries, selection of suitable energy metrics for the facility, collection of operational data, calculation of energy balances and metrics, assessment of performance against design expectations and best practices for systems, subsystems and equipment, and finally the application of a structured approach to identify and screen potential opportunities for improvement.
Operational Bypass Pigging in Multiphase Lines - A Flow Assurance Study Comparison to Real Operation and Model Validation
Authors: Pinto Ashwin , Voss Willi , Ladwa Ramesh 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Operational pigging in a 36", 120 km subsea export trunkline has been extremely challenging for a client due to large liquid hold-up and the limited onshore liquid handling capacity. Production turndown along with bypass pigging is part of the standard operating procedure in order to slow down the pig and minimize excess liquid surges. In spite of these measures, the pigging operation has resulted in slugcatcher flooding and production deferment which initiated a detailed investigation using the OLGA multiphase simulator. The hydraulic model and the pig bypass model in OLGA will be calibrated using historic field data, and pig tool operational experience to mimic the process parameters and pig tool behavior in the field. Flow assurance analysis will be undertaken primarily to understand the impact of liquid hold-up in the pipeline, estimate the ideal bypass opening and operating limits. OLGA modelling predictions will be compared against historic field pigging runs for model validation. For this purpose, the basic pipeline model was extended to include a detailed onshore slug catcher with slug suppression control system to closely mimic the actual system in the field.
One of the main challenge is this analysis is the estimation of the wall frictional parameters considered in the flow models which affect the pig motion behavior. Hence, special considerations were given to the parameters affecting the bypass pig velocity, such as bypass pig-wall frictional forces and pressure loss coefficients. These parameters were modified based on detailed 3D CFD modelling of the pig tool, desktop calculations and tool operational experience. The bypass pig model and the overall hydraulic properties in the OLGA model were consequently tuned, showing a good match against the real field data. Finally, with the tuned OLGA model, selected sensitivity studies were carried out considering the current production flowrates, receiver pressures, bypass opening etc. to recommend a desired procedure for a successful pigging campaign. Ideal pig bypass opening was suggested for the trunkline where the client could maintain normal production flowrates, whilst slowing down the pig and resulting in manageable liquid slugs. This paper discusses the challenges and the process of determining the right bypass opening for a pigging operation, along with flow assurance analysis in order to develop an effective and a safe pigging solution.
Successful Field Trials of Water Control in High Water Cut Wells Using an Improved Downhole Water Sink/Drainage System
Authors: Qin Wenting , Luo Pingya , Meng Jigang , Li Hongwei , Mao Tiancong , Wojtanowicz Andrew K. , Feng Ming 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The K1h23 and K1h27 at Luliang Oilfield Block 9, are thin-layer bottom water drive reservoirs. Traditional water control techniques including partial perforation, injection chemicals to form an artificial barrier, have been implemented at early on to delay the water breakthrough. However, after years of production, the water coning is fully established in many production wells. Those traditional water control techniques did little success to control the water cut after water breakthrough. Effective water control technique for high water cut wells is needed to prevent premature well abandonment.
Downhole Water Sink/Drainage technology is a dual completion method with in-situ simultaneous production of oil and water. With proper design, the hydrodynamic balance at WOC can be obtained to suppress the water coning, therefore, reducing water cut in high water cut wells. Whereas, the nature of those high water cut wells in K1h23 and K1h27 reservoirs makes it difficult to use the currently available Downhole Water Sink /Drainage system which would require dual tubing string production or single tubing string with tubing/casing annulus flow path. Since those high water cut wells in K1h23 and K1h27 reservoirs are usually old wells cased with 5.5 in tubular, making it unsuitable to accommodate two parallel tubing string. The severe paraffin and corrosion problem in the wellbore further preclude the option of producing fluids through tubing/casing annulus flow path. Because of that, an improved Downhole Water Sink/ Drainage system is developed to overcome the above challenges.
The improved Downhole Water Sink/Drainage system is a single tubing string completion system. The improvement of this system is the use of the hollow rod as a sucker rod for sucker rod pump to produce the lower water zone through the hollow sucker rod while producing upper oil zone through tubing string. Separate artificial lift for both oil and water production can be achieved. The system utilize the existing well condition in which sucker rod pump has already been used as a means of artificial lift in high water cut wells, result in high operation efficiency and low operation cost. The field results of two pilot wells show that the implementation of this system enable the water cut in the upper oil completion to reduce from over 80% to less than 50% and the oil rate increase up to several fold. Field data of the production history, reservoir performance, and well configuration of this system are presented with discussions.
The successful field trials of this two pilot wells prove the effectiveness of this improved Downhole Water Sink/Drainage for water control in high water cut wells with challenging conditions. For other mature fields with similar or better reservoir and well condition, this water control system can also be applied with little modifications.
Smart Workflows for Well and Facility Surveillance and Optimization: A Burgan Oil Field Experience
Authors: Al-Shammari B. , Rane N. M. , Desai S. F. , Sabea Al , Hamad Salem , Pandey M. , Shankhdhar S. , Chacko R. , Ledesma F. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Kuwait Oil Company started implementing digital oil field technology in 2009, with a vision to achieve integrated operations for measurement, modeling and control of Burgan oil field production. The project involved development of automated workflows connecting real-time data and integrated production models for analyzing asset performance and identifying production optimization opportunities. The workflow calculates variance in daily field production and correlates it to the corresponding well production change alerts attributed to key changes in well and facility parameters. Well health status is determined using key performance parameters and subsequently wells are categorized for planning remedial actions. The workflow further utilizes the integrated surface network model in an automated process to generate production optimization opportunities under various well and plant operating limits and the results are visualized through interactive dashboards in a state-of-the-art collaboration center for quick analysis.
This paper discusses the application of smart workflows for analyzing asset performance and recommending production optimization actions in Burgan oil field. It describes how smart workflows are used to integrate real-time well and facility data with production models to assist the operator in faster diagnostics and improved decision making.
The paper demonstrates through field examples how the application of an automated workflow using real-time data and integrated models has improved the conventional approach for asset performance analysis and optimization resulting in significant cost savings for the operator.
Cracks in Structural Steel - Investigations & Mitigations
Authors: Perumal K. , Adel K. , Al Awadhi I. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Vibratory Screens of Sulphur Granulation Units are typically mounted on framed steel structures. The supporting structure requires special design considerations as rotary equipment transmit significant dynamic loads. Appearance of frequent cracks in the steel structure and equipment resulted in shut down of unit in one of the GASCO plants. This paper presents investigations undertaken to ascertain the underlying causes of cracks in structural steel and methods employed to enhance the integrity of support structure thereby ensuring continuous availability of equipment and extended asset life.
A detailed study with OEM intervention was carried out which included mapping of cracks, study of crack patterns, vibration measurements, study of equipment maintenance history & cyclic stress effect on structure. Frequency analysis of structure was carried out to verify if the natural frequency of structure is coinciding with excitation frequency of equipment. Time history analysis of structure was performed to examine if velocity amplitudes are exceeding tolerable limits. Investigation findings, OEM feedbacks and dynamic analysis outcomes succeeded in revealing the root causes of cracks in structural steel and consequently, remedial methods were finalized to avoid recurrence of cracks.
Analytical results of the structure indicated that natural frequency of the structure was very close to the critical speed of resonance, implying fundamental deficiency in the stiffness of the structure contributing to high vibrations and structural damage. Time history analysis corroborated the same, as vibration amplitudes were found far exceeding vendor specified limits. About 40% of vibration measurements on the equipment were found outside the ‘acceptable range’ set forth in ISO standards.
Investigations carried out to ascertain the cause of high vibration attributed to unapproved field modifications made on the equipment. Inspection of equipment assembly revealed that the inlet chute arrangement & its thickness were changed, an inlet cone was added to equipment and its mass was ignored in weight balancing calculation. Remedial works to reduce vibrations and to avoid cracks have included strengthening of structural members, addition of bracings, modifications of inlet chute box, adjustment of counterbalance weight & rectification of installation errors.
The said remedial works were implemented three years ago and monitoring of structure demonstrated successful results (no cracks and vibrations are within allowable limit). Application of this sound engineering method has eliminated frequent maintenance / shutdown costs and also contributed to asset life extension.
Una discusión sobre la posición sistemática de la Metaphysik der Sitten de Kant y la Sittenlehre de Fichte
Authors: Romo Vicente De Haro 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: La posición sistemática de la Metafísica de las costumbres de Kant y en concreto de su segunda parte, la Doctrina de la virtud, es análoga a la del Sistema de la doctrina de las costumbres según los principios de la Doctrina de la Ciencia de Fichte. Sin embargo, en dicha obra, Fichte califica la ética kantiana de “formalista” y pretende que la suya es más concreta y aplicable por su teoría de la conciliación entre el impulso natural y el impulso moral. En este artículo se explica y discute dicha postura de Fichte, mostrando que la crítica a Kant es injusta, dado que precisamente la Doctrina de la virtud ofrece, de un modo metódicamente diverso pero sólido y coherente con la ética de la autonomía, la “ética material” kantiana.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FUROSEMIDE LIQUISOLID COMPACT
Authors: Jassim Zainab E. 
Published: November 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to enhance the dissolution pattern of the practically water-insoluble diuretic drug, furosemide through its formulation into liquisolid tablets.Methods: A mathematical model was used to formulate four liquisolid powder systems using polyethylene glycol 400 as a non-volatile water miscible liquid vehicle. The liquid loading factors of the vehicle were used to calculate the optimum quantities of carrier (Avicel PH 102) and coating materials (Aerosil 200) needed to prepare acceptably flowing and compactible powder mixtures and (R) ratio used was 25. The liquisolid tablets were evaluated for weight variation, percent friability, hardness, content uniformity, disintegration time and in vitro drug release profile. Drug and the prepared systems were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies.Results: The enhanced dissolution rate due to the increased wetting properties and the large available surface areas for dissolution were obtained in case of the liquisolid tablets. The selected optimal formulation (F2) of 50% drug concentration released 90% of its content during the first 10 min compared to 65% of DCT. FTIR studies revealed that there was no interaction between drug and polymers. DSC and PXRD indicated conversion of crystalline to amorphous form of furosemide. Conclusion: The dissolution rate of furosemide can be enhanced to a great extent by liquisolid technique.
DIFFERENCE OF TUMOR MASS IN STADIUM IIB-IIIB SQUAMOUS CELL CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT PACLITAXEL CISPLATIN AND PACLITAXEL CARBOPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY AT SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR
Authors: Noviyani Rini , Indrayathi Putu Ayu , Budiana I. Nyoman Gede , Suwiyoga Ketut , Putri Septiara 
Published: November 2017

Objective: One of the parameters to measure the efficacy of the use of platinum based chemotherapy was the difference of tumor mass. Unfortunately, there was limited data about the use of rational chemotherapy medicine for cervical cancer patients at Sanglah Hospital. Therefore, research to find more data about the difference of tumor mass was necessary. Method: A prospective observational research conducted at Sanglah Hospital from January until August 2016 by using consecutive sampling method. Patients qualified for the inclusive criteria were separated into two groups, paclitaxel cisplatin and paclitaxel carboplatin. Tumor mass data was gathered from before chemotherapy I and after chemotherapy VI by using USG 2D LOGIQ V5. Data analysed was performed with SPSS 20.0 for windows with a 95% confidence level using Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test.Result: The mean value of tumor mass for patients in paclitaxel cisplatin regimen group before chemotherapy I and after chemotherapy VI were 68.91+7.41 cm3 and 10.62+6.82 cm3 respectively (p value=0.018). The mean value of tumor mass for patients in paclitaxel carboplatin regimen group before chemotherapy I and after chemotherapy VI were 53.44+52.25 cm3 and 9.18 + 8.23 cm3 respectively (p value=0.007). Meanwhile, the mean value of difference in tumor mass in paclitaxel cisplatin and paclitaxel carboplatin group was -58.29 + 49.93 cm3 and -44.26 + 51.48 cm3 respectively (p value=0.242). Conclusion: This research shows that there was a significant difference of tumor mass before chemotherapy I and chemotherapy VI in both regimen groups. There was a bigger decrease of tumor mass in patients from paclitaxel cisplatin chemotherapy group compared to paclitaxel carboplatin group, but not significantly different.
PENGEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN KREATIVITAS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Budiarti Yesi 
Published: November 2017

AbstrakImplementasi dilapangan bahwa pembelajaran IPS masih berada pada tataran teori saja. Guru hanya memfokuskan kepada pencapaian pemberian meteri berupa teori bahkan posisi pendidikan IPS hanyalah “sebagai pelajaran hapalan”. Proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan di dalam kelas, menunjukkan bahwa betapa pembelajaran di sekolah masih belum dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa secara maksimal, khususnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalam memecahkan masalah kehidupan sehari-hari yang dihadapinya. diperlukan adanya kemampuan kreatifitas dari guru untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan kreatifitas siswa. Kreatifitas siswa akan muncul, apabila guru sebagai pilot di dalam kelas juga memiliki kemampuan kreatifitas yang memadai. Materi pelajaran yang sudah disusun dalam silabus, hendaknya dikembangkan dengan baik untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan IPS yang sesungguhnya.Kemampuan kreatifitas di artikan sebagai penemuan atau penciptaan suatu ide yang baru atau ide yang belum pernah ada sebelumnya. Dalam dunia pendidikan kreativitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam memahami suatu pelajaran atau memaknai dari semua kegiatan yang akan dilakukan. Untuk itulah pengembangan kreativitas sebaiknya dilakukan sejak dari usia dini atau dari Sekolah Dasar. Kreativitas merupakan pengalaman mengekspresikan dan mengaktualisasikan identitas individu dalam bentuk terpadu dalam hubungan dengan diri sendiri, dengan alam, dan dengan orang lain.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL ACTIVE LEARNING TIPE TEAM QUIZ TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN SISWA KELAS X SEMESTER GENAP SMK KARTIKATAMA METRO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Ningrum Ningrum 
Published: November 2017

AbstrakBerdasarkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X di SMK Kartikatama Metro yang masih relatif rendah yang dapat dilihat dari kriteria ketuntasan minimum (KKM) dimana berdasarkan hasil observasi masih kurangnya pencapaian nilai kriteria ketuntasan minimum (KKM) yang telah ditetapkan oleh sekolah. Hasil belajar yang masih rendah ini juga disebabkan oleh metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan masih mengguanakan metode ceramah (metode konvensional). Metode -metode ini membentuk siswa salah satunya adalah model Active Learning tipe Team Quiz.Hasil belajar yang belum tuntas berjumlah 15 siswa dengan presentase 62,5%, dan yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar berjumlah 9 siswa dengan persentase 37,5% Sedangkan nilai ketuntasan minimum (KKM) Kelas X SMK Kartikatama Metro pada pelajaran kewirausahaan adalah 75. Alternatif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa digunakan Model Active Learning Tipe Team Quiz, sehubungan dengan masalah tersebut maka rumusan masalahnya adalah “Apakah ada pengaruh Penerapan Model Active Learning Tipe Team Quiz Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kewirausahaan pada Siswa Kelas X Semester genap SMK Kartikatama Metro tahun pelajran 2014/2015” .Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Model Active Learning Tipe Team Quiz terhadap hasil belajar Kewirausahaan pada Siswa Kelas X Semester genap SMK Kartikatama Metro tahun pelajran 2014/2015”. Adapun kegunaannya adalah dengan mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Model Active Learning Tipe Team Quiz Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kewirausahaan pada Siswa Kelas X Semester genap SMK Kartikatama Metro tahun pelajaran 2014/2015”, maka dapat digunakan sebagai acuan peneliti. Dan sebagai bahan informasi dalam usaha meningkatkan hasil belajar kewirausahaan di SMK Kartikatama Metro khususnya dan untuk menambah wawasan dibidang pendidikan bagi pembaca umumnya. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah.”ada pengaruh positif Penerapan Model Active Learning Tipe Team Quiz, Terhadap Hasil Belajar kewirausahaan pada Siswa Kelas X Semester genap SMK Kartikatama Metro tahun pelajran 2014/2015”.Setelah dianalisis data hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari analisis perhitungan nilai thitung dan ttabel , diketahui bahwa thitung > ttabel. dapat dilihat pada daftar G, pada daftar signifikan 5% yaitu 9,10 > 1,72. Dan pada taraf signifikan 1% yaitu 9,10 > 2,51. Dengan demikian hipotesisnya berbunyi bahwa : ada pengaruh yang positif Penggunaan Model Active Learning Tipe team Quiz dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa kelas X.TKJ 1 semester genap SMK Kartikatama Metro pada pokok bahasan: mengeola konflik. Siswa yang dinyatakan tuntas dengan KKM (75) setelah treatment sebanyak 14 siswa atau sebesar 58,33% dan siswa yang dinyatakan belum tuntas sebanyak 10 siswa atau sebesar 41,67%. oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, guru dapat menerapkan penggunaan model Active Learning Tipe Team Quiz dalam pembelajaran yang diselenggarakan.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE THINK-PAIR-SHARE (TPS) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN SISWA KELAS X SEMESTER GENAP SMK KARTIKATAMA 1 METRO T.P 2015/2016
Authors: Lestari Safitri Kurnia , Ningrum Ningrum 
Published: November 2017

Metode cooperative learning tipe think-pair-share merupakan model pembelajaran yang melibatkan peserta didik secara maksimal dalam kegiatan pembelajaran mulai dari merencanakan topik-topik yang akan dipelajari, bagaimana mendiskusikan topik suatu materi, hingga melakukan presentasi kelompok dan evaluasi. Adapun yang menjadi masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu “ Masih banyak peserta didik yang belum tuntas hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran kewirausahaan peserta didik kelas X semester genap SMK Kartikatama 1 Metro tahun pelajaran 2015/2016”. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengatuh penggunaan model Cooperative Learning Tipe Think-Pair-Share(TPS) terhadap hasil belajar kewirausahaan pada kelas X semester genap SMK Kartikatama 1 metro tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: “Ada pengaruh positif pengunaan model Cooperative Learning TipeThink-Pair-Share terhadap hasil belajar kewirausahaan peserta didik kelas X semester genap SMK Kartikatama 1 Metro tahun pelajaran 2015/2016”. Populasi dalam penelitian ini wilayah yang sebanyak 3 kelas dengan jumlah 71 peserta didik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas X AK 1 yang berjumlah 24sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X AK 2yang berjumlah 21 sebagai kelas kontrol. Setelah dianalisis hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari analisis perhitungan nilai thitung>ttabel dapat dilihat pada daftar G, pada daftar signifikan 5% yaitu 9,10>1,72. Dan pada taraf signifikan 1% yaitu 9,10>2,51. Dengan demikian hipotesisnya berbunyi bahwa : ada pengaruh positip penggunaan Cooperative Learning Tipe Think-Pair-Share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa kelas X AK 1 semester genap SMK Kartikatama 1 metro tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 pada pokok bahasan mengelola konflik. Siswa yang dinyatakan tuntas dengan KKM (75) setelah treatment sebanyak 14 siswa atau sebesar 58,33% dan siswa yang dinyatakan belum tuntas sebanyak 10 siswa atau sebesar 41,67%. Oleh karena itu untuk meninkatkan hasil belajar siswa, guru dapat menerapkan penggunaanCooperative Learning Tipe Think-Pair-Share(TPS) dalam pembelajaran yang di selenggarakan.