bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering With Acquired Apraxia of Speech: The First 2 Years
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Shafer Jennifer N. , Harmon Tyson G. , Jacks Adam 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This study was intended to document speech recovery for 1 person with acquired apraxia of speech quantitatively and on the basis of her lived experience.

Method
The second author sustained a traumatic brain injury that resulted in acquired apraxia of speech. Over a 2-year period, she documented her recovery through 22 video-recorded monologues. We analyzed these monologues using a combination of auditory perceptual, acoustic, and qualitative methods.

Results
Recovery was evident for all quantitative variables examined. For speech sound production, the recovery was most prominent during the first 3 months, but slower improvement was evident for many months. Measures of speaking rate, fluency, and prosody changed more gradually throughout the entire period. A qualitative analysis of topics addressed in the monologues was consistent with the quantitative speech recovery and indicated a subjective dynamic relationship between accuracy and rate, an observation that several factors made speech sound production variable, and a persisting need for cognitive effort while speaking.

Conclusions
Speech features improved over an extended time, but the recovery trajectories differed, indicating dynamic reorganization of the underlying speech production system. The relationship among speech dimensions should be examined in other cases and in population samples. The combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods offers advantages for understanding clinically relevant aspects of recovery.
Fabrication of single‐layer metallic nano‐gratings as polarisers by the combination of nanoimprint lithography and lift‐off method
Authors: Wang Qianyi , Chu Jinkui , Wang Zhiwen , Zhang Huixia , Liu Ze , Guan Le 
Published: December 2016

To explore the application of miniaturised polarisers into the detection of the skylight polarisation angle, a fabrication process for single‐layer metallic nano‐gratings, which was treated as polarisers in the polarised light testing instrument, was proposed. With the help of the combination of two efficient fabrication methods, the nanoimprint lithography and the lift‐off method, different directions of the metallic gratings with 200 nm period, 110 nm linewidth and 60 nm height were fabricated simultaneously on the substrate. An interval ultrasound method is proposed to avoid grating structure damage during the lift‐off process. Additionally, the effect of the SiO2 layer addition during the etching process on the transmission performance of metallic gratings is presented by a brief theory analysis and experiment results. The fabricated grating is installed on the designed testing instrument to measure the angle of polarised light and the final angle output error is within ±0.25°, which demonstrates that the fabricated metallic gratings have a good prospect as a polaroid applied in the polarisation navigation.
Do knowledge externalities lead to growth in economic complexity? Empirical evidence from Colombia
Authors: Sahdev Navroop K 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe live in a complex economic system where externalities play a key role in fostering growth in complexity through increasing interdependence of interacting agents. This study tests this hypothesis for the case of Colombia. We ask whether knowledge externalities lead to growth in economic complexity. If yes, which variety of knowledge externalities—Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR), Porter or Jacobs? Results from our empirical investigation uphold the MAR theories of externalities or intra-industrial externalities, which are maximized with high local specialization1 and local monopoly. A pattern of convergence in economic complexity of Colombian municipalities emerges from our results, supporting Schumpeterian growth theories, which advocate that knowledge externalities drive convergence. This is in line with the recent macroeconomic trends of the Colombian economy, which is suffering from “Dutch disease” leading to a contraction in its domestic economy. We show that knowledge externalities are a mechanism through which convergence dynamics are brought about and fostered in the domestic economy.
A Paired-Laser Photogrammetric Method for In Situ Length Measurement of Benthic Fishes
Authors: Rizzo Austin A. , Welsh Stuart A. , Thompson Patricia A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Photogrammetry, a technique to obtain measurements from photographs, may be a valid method for measuring lengths of rare, threatened, or endangered species. Photogrammetric methods of measurement are nonintrusive and reduce the possibility of physical damage or physiological stress associated with the capture and handling of individuals. We evaluated precision and accuracy of photogrammetric length measurements relative to board measurements of Greenside Darters Etheostoma blennioides and Variegate Darters E. variatum in an aquarium and applied photogrammetry in a field study of the Diamond Darter Crystallaria cincotta, a federally listed endangered species. Digital photographs were taken of each individual using a waterproof camera equipped with two parallel lasers. Photogrammetric length measurements were digitized with ImageJ software. Agreement between board and photogrammetric measurements were high for Greenside and Variegate darters. The magnitude of differences was small between direct and photogrammetric measurements, ranging from 0.6% to 3.1%, depending on the species measured and the type of measurement taken. These results support photogrammetry as a useful method for obtaining length measurements of benthic stream fishes. Photogrammetric methods allowed for length measurements and an assessment of length frequency of 199 Diamond Darters, informative data for management that could not be collected with conventional measuring-board methods.
Received April 18, 2016; accepted September 7, 2016Published online December 20, 2016
Beyond ethnicity: the violence in Western Uganda and Rwenzori’s 99 problems
Authors: Reuss Anna , Titeca Kristof 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARY
In the Rwenzori region, a range of historical, socio-economic and political tensions have in past years resulted in a series of deadly clashes between different ethnic communities. Patronage politics of recognition of cultural kingdoms and district creation critically drives the manifestation of these tensions in ethnic violence, especially in the context of electoral contest.
No effect of acute and chronic supramaximal exercise on circulating levels of the myokine SPARC
Authors: Songsorn Preeyaphorn , Ruffino José , Vollaard Niels B. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMyokines may play a role in the health benefits of regular physical activity. Secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a pleiotropic myokine that has been shown to be released into the bloodstream by skeletal muscle in response to aerobic exercise. As there is evidence suggesting that SPARC release may be linked to glycogen breakdown and activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase, we hypothesised that brief supramaximal exercise may also be associated with increased serum SPARC levels. In the present study, 10 participants (3 women; mean ± SD age: 21 ± 3 y, body mass index (BMI): 22 ± 3 kg m−2, and V˙O2max: 39 ± 6 mL kg−1 min−1) performed an acute bout of supramaximal cycle exercise (20‐s Wingate sprint against 7.5% of body mass, with a 1‐min warm‐up and a 3‐min cool‐down consisting of unloaded cycling). Serum SPARC levels were determined pre‐exercise as well as 0, 15, and 60 min post‐exercise and corrected for plasma volume change. To determine whether regular exercise affected the acute SPARC response, participants repeated the acute exercise protocol three times per week for four weeks, and serum SPARC response to supramaximal exercise was reassessed after this period. Acute supramaximal exercise significantly decreased plasma volume (−10%; p < .001), but was not associated with a significant change in serum SPARC levels at either the pre‐training or post‐training testing sessions. In conclusion, in contrast to aerobic exercise, a single brief supramaximal cycle sprint is not associated with an increase in serum SPARC levels, suggesting that SPARC release is not related to skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown.
A Ticket for Your Thoughts: Method for Predicting Content Recall and Sales Using Neural Similarity of Moviegoers
Authors: Barnett Samuel B , Cerf Moran 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Skilled advertisers often cause a diverse set of consumers to feel similarly about their product. We present a method for measuring neural data to assess the degree of similarity between multiple brains experiencing the same advertisements, and we demonstrate that this similarity can predict important marketing outcomes. Since neural data can be sampled continuously throughout an experience and without effort and conscious reporting biases, our method offers a useful complement to measures requiring active evaluations, such as subjective ratings and willingness-to-pay (WTP) scores. As a case study, we use portable electroencephalography (EEG) systems to record the brain activity of 58 moviegoers in a commercial theater and then calculate the relative levels of neural similarity, cross-brain correlation (CBC), throughout 13 movie trailers. Our initial evidence suggests that CBC predicts future free recall of the movie trailers and population-level sales of the corresponding movies. Additionally, since there are potentially other (i.e., non-neural) sources of physiological similarity (e.g., basic arousal), we illustrate how to use other passive measures, such as cardiac, respiratory, and electrodermal activity levels, to reject alternative hypotheses. Moreover, we show how CBC can be used in conjunction with empirical content analysis (e.g., levels of visual and semantic complexity).
Reduced pelvic field sparing anastomosis for postoperative radiotherapy in selected patients with mid–upper rectal cancer
Authors: Choi Seo Hee , Chang Jee Suk , Kim Nam Kyu , Lim Joon Seok , Min Byung So , Hur Hyuk , Shin Sang Joon , Ahn Joong Bae , Kim Yong Bae , Koom Woong Sub 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to report the clinical results of reduced pelvic field radiotherapy (RT), excluding the anastomotic site, after total mesorectal excision in selected patients with rectal cancer. Between 2011 and 2014, 99 patients underwent upfront surgery for clinically less-advanced tumors but were finally diagnosed as pT3/N+. Among them, 50 patients with mid–upper rectal cancer who received postoperative RT with a reduced pelvic field were included in this retrospective review. This group was composed of patients with high seated tumors, complete resection with a clear circumferential resection margin, and no complication during surgery. We investigated treatment outcomes, toxicity and the effect of RT-field reduction on organs-at risk in 5 randomly selected patients. During the median follow-up period of 42 months (range: 15−59 months), tumors recurred in 9 patients (18%). The 3-year overall and disease-free survival were 98% and 81%, respectively. Distant metastasis was the dominant failure pattern (n = 8, 16%), while no recurrences occurred at or near anastomotic sites. No anastomotic complications were found on pelvic examination, images and/or colonoscopy. Reported acute and late RT-related toxicities were mostly mild to moderate, with only small numbers of Grade 3 toxicities. None of the patients developed Grade 4−5 acute or late toxicity. With a caudally reduced field, 64% reduction in absolute anastomotic exposure at the maximum dose was achieved compared with the traditional whole-pelvic field (P = 0.008). The reduced pelvic field RT was able to minimize late anastomotic complication without increasing its recurrence in selected patients with mid–upper rectal cancer in the postoperative setting.
Stars with fast Galactic rotation observed in Gaia TGAS: a signature driven by the Perseus arm?
Authors: Hunt Jason A. S. , Kawata Daisuke , Monari Giacomo , Grand Robert J. J. , Famaey Benoit , Siebert Arnaud 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We report on the detection of a small overdensity of stars in velocity space with systematically higher Galactocentric rotation velocity than the Sun by about 20 km s−1 in the Gaia Data Release 1 Tycho–Gaia astrometric solution data. We find these fast Galactic rotators more clearly outside of the Solar radius, compared to inside of the Solar radius. In addition, the velocity of the fast Galactic rotators is independent of the Galactocentric distance up to R − R0 ∼ 0.6 kpc. Comparing with numerical models, we qualitatively discuss that a possible cause of this feature is the co-rotation resonance of the Perseus spiral arm, where the stars in the peri-centre phase in the trailing side of the Perseus spiral arm experience an extended period of acceleration owing to the torque from the Perseus arm.
The earliest drawings of datable auroras and a two-tail comet from the Syriac Chronicle of Zūqnīn
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Mitsuma Yasuyuki , Fujiwara Yasunori , Kawamura Akito Davis , Kataoka Ryuho , Ebihara Yusuke , Kosaka Shunsuke , Iwahashi Kiyomi , Tamazawa Harufumi , Isobe Hiroaki 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
People have probably been watching the sky since the beginning of human history. Observers in pre-telescopic ages recorded anomalous events, which now provide uniquely valuable information for modern scientists. Records that include drawings are particularly useful, since the verbal expressions recorded by pre-telescopic observers, who did not know the physical nature of the phenomena, are often ambiguous. However, drawings concerning specific datable events in the historical documents are far fewer than the verbal records. Therefore, in this paper we show the possible earliest drawings of datable auroras and a two-tail comet included in a manuscript of the Chronicle of Zūqnīn, a Syriac chronicle up to 775/776 CE, to interpret their nature. Careful perusing the original Syriac autograph manuscript, MS Vat.Sir.162, provide not only historical facts in the realm around Amida, but also information concerning low-latitude aurora observations due to extreme space weather events and the existence of sun-grazing comets.
Assessing Prescribing Trends of Adjuvant Medication Therapy in Outpatients With a Diagnosis of Noncancer Chronic Pain
Authors: Rasu Rafia S. , Vossen Rachel K. , Knell Maureen E. 
Published: December 2016

Background:Chronic pain affects over 100 million adults in the United States, yet continues to be difficult to treat. Concerns continue to mount over the use of opioids to treat noncancer chronic pain (NCCP). Guidelines support the use of adjuvant medications as one of the preferred options for treating chronic pain over opioids.Objectives:To examine reported usage of adjuvants in the treatment of chronic pain via the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS).Materials and Methods:A retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluating reported usage of adjuvant pain medications for the treatment of NCCP was conducted using NAMCS data from 2000 to 2007. Weighted samples were analyzed with regard to several patient variables. Logistic regression models provided 95% confidence intervals and an adjusted odds ratio to determine statistically significant differences in reported usage for the evaluated patient variables.Results:In total, 244,797,406 weighted visits were included for analysis. The analysis showed an almost 2-fold increase in adjuvant use during the study period. Statistically significant differences were identified for several factors evaluated. Younger age, female sex, care from a nonprimary care physician, comorbidities with pain, and >5 current medications were associated with higher rates adjuvant therapy use.Discussion:Overall adjuvant usage dramatically increased during the study period. Analysis of data demonstrated adjuvant use in chronic pain varied based patient-specific characteristics. These results may allow clinicians, policy makers, and medical educators to identify potential gaps in adjuvant use in certain populations and target areas for clinical, populations-based, and educational improvements in managing NCCP.
The Association Between Headaches and Temporomandibular Disorders is Confounded by Bruxism and Somatic Symptoms
Authors: van der Meer Hedwig A. , Speksnijder Caroline M. , Engelbert Raoul H. H. , Lobbezoo Frank , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W.G. , Visscher Corine M. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
The objective of this observational study was to establish the possible presence of confounders on the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headaches in a patient population from a TMD and Orofacial Pain Clinic.

Materials and Methods:
Several subtypes of headaches have been diagnosed: self-reported headache, (probable) migraine, (probable) tension-type headache, and secondary headache attributed to TMD. The presence of TMD was subdivided into 2 subtypes: painful TMD and function-related TMD. The associations between the subtypes of TMD and headaches were evaluated by single regression models. To study the influence of possible confounding factors on this association, the regression models were extended with age, sex, bruxism, stress, depression, and somatic symptoms.

Results:
Of the included patients (n=203), 67.5% experienced headaches. In the subsample of patients with a painful TMD (n=58), the prevalence of self-reported headaches increased to 82.8%. The associations found between self-reported headache and (1) painful TMD and (2) function-related TMD were confounded by the presence of somatic symptoms. For probable migraine, both somatic symptoms and bruxism confounded the initial association found with painful TMD.

Discussion:
The findings of this study imply that there is a central working mechanism overlapping TMD and headache. Health care providers should not regard these disorders separately, but rather look at the bigger picture to appreciate the complex nature of the diagnostic and therapeutic process.
Using Reflective Practice to Understand LGBTQ Client Needs
Authors: Summers Michele L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:
Nurse practitioners as well as all nurses need to assess their values, be knowledgeable of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer issues and current guidelines of care, and communicate with clients and their families in such a way as to create trusting and safe environments, free from barriers for quality healthcare. Nursing literature supports reflective practice as a means of reducing bias, as well as improving patient–provider trust and quality care. Understanding the primary care needs of specific populations is necessary to fulfill the nursing code of ethics.
Achille Civatte: A Master of the Microscope
Authors: Nguyen Jannett , Korta Dorota Z. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Achille Civatte (1877–1956) was one of the most highly regarded dermatologists of the 20th century. We provide a succinct account of Civatte's academic life and contributions to the field of dermatopathology, in addition to briefly discussing his son, Jean Civatte, who himself became a highly regarded dermatologist.
Variables in Cryosurgery Technique Associated With Clearance of Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Berman Brian , Shabbir Arsalan Qazi , MacNeil Tanya , Knudsen Kim Mark 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND
Cryosurgery is the most commonly used method to treat actinic keratosis (AK). Cryosurgical methods are not standardized.

OBJECTIVE
To examine differences in the spray techniques used for liquid nitrogen cryosurgery when treating AKs of the head, and the effect of these variations in technique on rates of complete clearance of AKs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients were those from the FIELD-1 study, who received cryosurgery as per the investigators' usual practice to all AKs. This was followed by topical treatment with either vehicle gel or ingenol mebutate gel, 0.015%, after 3 weeks. The investigator recorded the average duration of cryosurgery spray used, the number of freeze–thaw cycles, and the distance from the tip of the spray device to the AK. Clearance rates were determined at Week 11.

RESULTS
Less-aggressive freezing techniques were used for AKs on the face than for those on the scalp. However, higher rates of complete clearance on the face and scalp were associated with more-aggressive freezing techniques.

CONCLUSION
Patients with AKs on the face receive less-aggressive cryosurgery than do patients with AKs on the scalp.
Association between expression of inflammatory markers in normal breast tissue and mammographic density among premenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Hanna Mirette , Dumas Isabelle , Orain Michèle , Jacob Simon , Têtu Bernard , Sanschagrin François , Bureau Alexandre , Poirier Brigitte , Diorio Caroline 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Inflammatory markers may be associated with breast cancer risk. We assessed the association between expression levels of proinflammatory (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, cyclooxygenase 2, leptin, serum amyloid A1, interleukin 8, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and anti-inflammatory markers (transforming growth factor-β, interleukin 10, and lactoferrin) in normal breast tissue with mammographic density, a strong breast cancer risk indicator, among 163 breast cancer patients.

Methods:
The expression of inflammatory markers was visually evaluated on immunohistochemistry stained slides. The percent mammographic density (PMD) was estimated by a computer-assisted method in the contralateral cancer-free breast. We used generalized linear models to estimate means of PMD by median expression levels of the inflammatory markers while adjusting for age and waist circumference.

Results:
Higher expression levels (above median) of the proinflammatory marker interleukin 6 were associated with higher PMD among all women (24.1% vs 18.5%, P = 0.007). Similarly, higher expression levels (above median) of the proinflammatory markers (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 8) were associated with higher PMD among premenopausal women (absolute difference in the PMD of 8.8% [P = 0.006], 7.7% [P = 0.022], 6.7% [P = 0.037], and 16.5% [P = 0.032], respectively). Higher expression levels (above median) of the anti-inflammatory marker transforming growth factor-β were associated with lower PMD among all (18.8% vs 24.3%, P = 0.005) and postmenopausal women (14.5% vs 20.7%, P = 0.013).

Conclusions:
Our results provide support for the hypothesized role of inflammatory markers in breast carcinogenesis through their effects on mammographic density. Inflammatory markers could be targeted in future breast cancer prevention interventions.
PENETRATING INJURY FROM PLASTIC AIRSOFT PELLET SHOWS BEAM-HARDENING ARTIFACT ON COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Gupta Divakar , Tailor Tina D. , Francis Courtney , Kanal Kalpana , Klesert Todd 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To describe a case of left eye corneal perforation, cataract, hyphema, and intraocular foreign body after airsoft pellet injury.

Methods:
The authors reviewed the medical history and diagnostic imaging of a 12-year-old boy injured by a pellet from an airsoft gun. Typically, plastic airsoft pellets cause blunt trauma to the globe, which can lead to visual disability from corneal abrasion or hyphema. Initial computed tomography of the left orbit showed a 6.1 mm × 7.6-mm radiodense foreign body with beam-hardening artifact, a radiographic feature associated with metallic objects.

Results:
The patient was taken to the operating room for globe repair, lensectomy, vitrectomy, and removal of intraocular foreign body. The removed foreign body was a plastic airsoft pellet.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of a plastic intraocular foreign body showing beam-hardening artifact. This finding may have implications in the diagnosis and management of retained intraocular or intraorbital plastic foreign bodies.