bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Einen Spielplan kann man als große Versuchsanordnung betrachten“
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAchim Sieben – aus der Chiralitätsforschung an die Oper Achim Sieben wurde 1973 in Mainz geboren und hat in Heidelberg, Padua und an der ETH Zürich Chemie studiert. An der Universität Zürich absolvierte er von 2006 bis 2009 den Weiterbildungsstudiengang „Executive Master in Arts Administration“. Heute ist er stellvertretender Operndirektor am Staatstheater Karlsruhe.
Erstklassig sein und bleiben
Authors: Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIm Jahr 1867 gründete sich in Berlin die Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, die ältere der beiden Vorgängerorganisationen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker. Das Selbstverständnis der Chemie in Deutschland war damals elitär – und auch heute lautet der Anspruch: Wir wollen zur internationalen Spitze gehören.
Randomized controlled trial of a nationally available weight control program tailored for adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: O'Neil Patrick M. , Miller‐Kovach Karen , Tuerk Peter W. , Becker Lynne E. , Wadden Thomas A. , Fujioka Ken , Hollander Priscilla L. , Kushner Robert F. , Timothy Garvey W. , Rubino Domenica M. , Malcolm Robert J. , Weiss Daniel , Raum William J. , Salyer Jonny L. , Hermayer Kathie L. , Rost Stephanie L. , Veliko Jan L. , Sora Nicoleta D. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveModest weight loss from clinical interventions improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Data are sparse on the effects of weight loss via commercial weight loss programs. This study examined the effects on glycemic control and weight loss of the standard Weight Watchers program, combined with telephone and email consultations with a certified diabetes educator (WW), compared with standard diabetes nutrition counseling and education (standard care, SC).MethodsIn a 12‐month randomized controlled trial at 16 U.S. research centers, 563 adults with T2DM (HbA1c 7–11%; BMI 27–50 kg/m2) were assigned to either the commercially available WW program (regular community meetings, online tools), plus telephone and email counseling from a certified diabetes educator, or to SC (initial in‐person diabetes nutrition counseling/education, with follow‐up informational materials).ResultsFollow‐up rate was 86%. Twelve‐month HbA1c changes for WW and SC were −0.32 and +0.16, respectively; 24% of WW versus 14% of SC achieved HbA1c <7.0% (P = 0.004). Weight losses were −4.0% for WW and −1.9% for SC (Ps < 0.001). 26% of WW versus 12% of SC reduced diabetes medications (P < 0.001). WW participants had greater reductions in waist circumference (P < 0.001) and C‐reactive protein (P = 0.02) but did not differ on other cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsWidely available commercial weight loss programs with community and online components, combined with scalable complementary diabetes education, may represent accessible and effective components of management plans for adults with overweight/obesity and T2DM.
Early Weight Loss with Liraglutide 3.0 mg Predicts 1‐Year Weight Loss and is Associated with Improvements in Clinical Markers
Authors: Fujioka Ken , O'Neil Patrick M. , Davies Melanie , Greenway Frank , C.W. Lau David , Claudius Birgitte , Skjøth Trine Vang , Bjørn Jensen Christine , P.H. Wilding John 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo identify an early response criterion for predicting ≥5% weight loss with liraglutide 3.0 mg at week 56 and to compare efficacy outcomes in early responders (ERs) and early nonresponders (ENRs).MethodsUsing pooled data from the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes and SCALE Diabetes trials, weight loss of ≥4% at 16 weeks best predicted ≥5% weight loss after 56 weeks. Weight loss and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and health‐related quality of life were evaluated in ERs (≥4% weight loss at week 16) and ENRs (<4% weight loss at week 16) completing 56 weeks’ treatment.ResultsProportions of ERs/ENRs to liraglutide 3.0 mg were 77.3%/22.7% (individuals without type 2 diabetes, T2D) and 62.7%/37.3% (those with T2D). Greater mean weight loss was observed in ERs versus ENRs: 10.8% versus 3.0% (without T2D) and 8.5% versus 3.1% (T2D). In both trials, greater proportions of ERs versus ENRs achieved ≥5%, >10%, and >15% weight loss at week 56 with liraglutide 3.0 mg. Greater improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and health‐related quality of life scores were observed in ERs versus ENRs.ConclusionsThe early response criterion was clinically useful to identify individuals who would achieve clinically meaningful weight loss at 56 weeks.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Obesity—Recent Findings and Empirical Approaches
Authors: McMurray Fiona , Patten David A. , Harper Mary‐Ellen 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveHigh levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intricately linked to obesity and associated pathologies, notably insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, ROS are also thought to be important in intracellular signaling, which may paradoxically be required for insulin sensitivity. Many theories have been developed to explain this apparent paradox, which have broadened our understanding of these important small molecules. While many sites for intracellular ROS production have been described, mitochondrial generated ROS remain a major contributor in most cell types. Mitochondrial ROS generation is controlled by a number of factors described in this review. Moreover, these studies have established both a demand for novel sensitive approaches to measure ROS, as well as a need to standardize and review their suitability for different applications.MethodsTo properly assess levels of ROS and mitochondrial ROS in the development of obesity and its complications, a growing number of tools have been developed. This paper reviews many of the common methods for the investigation of ROS in mitochondria, cell, animal, and human models.ResultsAvailable approaches can be generally divided into those that measure ROS‐induced damage (e.g., DNA, lipid, and protein damage); those that measure antioxidant levels and redox ratios; and those that use novel biosensors and probes for a more direct measure of different forms of ROS (e.g., 2′,7′‐di‐chlorofluorescein (DCF), dihydroethidium (DHE) and its mitochondrial targeted form (MitoSOX), Amplex Red, roGFP, HyPer, mt‐cpYFP, ratiometric H2O2 probes, and their derivatives). Moreover, this review provides caveats and strengths for the use of these techniques in different models.ConclusionsAdvances in these techniques will undoubtedly advance the understanding of ROS in obesity and may help resolve unanswered questions in the field.
A randomized trial of an acceptance‐based behavioral intervention for weight loss in people with high internal disinhibition
Authors: Lillis Jason , Niemeier Heather M. , Thomas J. Graham , Unick Jessica , Ross Kathryn M. , Leahey Tricia M. , Kendra Kathleen E. , Dorfman Leah , Wing Rena R. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether an acceptance‐based behavioral intervention (ABBI) produces better weight losses than standard behavioral treatment (SBT) among individuals reporting high internal disinhibition.MethodsParticipants were 162 adults with overweight or obesity (mean BMI 37.6 kg/m2) randomly assigned to ABBI or SBT. Both interventions provided the same calorie intake target, exercise goal, and self‐monitoring skills training. SBT incorporated current best practice interventions for addressing problematic thoughts and emotions. ABBI utilized acceptance‐based techniques based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. ABBI and SBT were compared on weight change and internal disinhibition change over 24 months.ResultsMixed models analysis showed mean weight loss at 24 months was −4.1% (SE = 0.88) for ABBI and −2.4% (SE = 0.87) for SBT (P = 0.204). Secondary analyses showed that the ABBI group regained less weight from the end of treatment to the final follow‐up (4.6 vs. 7.1 kg; P = 0.005), and that a significantly higher proportion of ABBI participants achieved a 5% weight loss (38% vs. 25%; P = 0.038) at 24 months.ConclusionsResults suggest that ABBI could be helpful for improving the maintenance of weight loss for individuals who report high internal disinhibition.
Genetic and neural predictors of behavioral weight loss treatment: A preliminary study
Authors: Chen Eunice Y. , Olino Thomas M. , Conklin Chris J. , Mohamed Feroze B. , Hoge W. Scott , Foster Gary D. ,   and the Genetic and Neural Biomarkers of Obesity (GN‐BO) study group, Arlt Jean M. , Eneva Kalina , Kidd Judy R. , Kidd Kenneth R. , Lent Michelle R. , Murray Susan , Newberg Andrew , Tewksbury Colleen , VanderVeur Stephanie S. , Yiu Angelina 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine neural mechanisms of action in behavioral weight loss treatment (BWL) and explore neural and genetic predictors of BWL.MethodsNeural activation to milkshake receipt and genetics were compared in 17 women with obesity who received 12 weeks of BWL and 17 women who received no intervention. Participants were scanned twice using functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 12 weeks. Weight was assessed at baseline, 12, 36, and 60 weeks.ResultsBWL participants lost more weight than controls at 12 weeks (−4.82% versus −0.70%). After 12 weeks, BWL had greater reduction in right caudate activation response to milk shake receipt than did controls. Among BWL participants, baseline to 12‐week reduction in frontostriatal activation to milk shake predicted greater weight loss at 12, 36, and 60 weeks. Possessing the A/A or T/A genotype of the fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) variant rs9939609 predicted greater weight loss at 12 and 36 weeks.ConclusionsThese preliminary data reveal that reduction in right caudate activation may be a neural mechanism of weight loss in BWL, and baseline FTO variant and reduction in frontostriatal activation during BWL predict short‐ and long‐term weight loss. These findings require replication in larger samples.
Use Case for Computational Imaging
Authors: Kamm Markus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOptical imaging systems create a sharp image of an object only within a certain depth range, called depth of field (DoF). Whereas a narrow DoF is often desired in photography, e.g. for highlighting a foreground object against the background, it is unwanted in cases where the entire scene needs to be controlled, such as in medical, industrial or automotive imaging. In this article, I will explain how the focal length and f‐number affect the depth of field and I will introduce two methods for extending the depth of field.
Birth weight and subsequent risk of childhood primary brain tumors: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Dahlhaus Anne , Prengel Peggy , Spector Logan , Pieper Dawid 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrimary brain tumors are common in childhood, but the etiology is largely unclear. As studies on birth weight as a risk factor for the occurrence of histologically specified tumors have been inconclusive, we decided to update a 2008 meta‐analysis on the subject.MethodsA search strategy was performed in Medline and EMBASE for the period 2007–2016. We included six new studies and performed further subgroup analyses for medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). Dichotomous analyses were performed for low (2,500 g) and high birth weight (4,000 g cutoff point).ResultsOur results confirmed that high birth weight increases the risk of astrocytoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.09) and medulloblastoma/PNET. However, subgroup analysis revealed an increased risk of medulloblastoma (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08–1.58) but not of PNET (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92–1.46). Low birth weight was associated with an increased risk of medulloblastoma/PNET. Subgroup analysis for medulloblastoma and PNET revealed increased risk but CIs included zero. Neither low nor high birth weight was associated with the risk of ependymoma.ConclusionsWhile an association between high birth weight and astrocytoma was confirmed, more studies are needed to investigate medulloblastoma and PNET risk in children with high and low birth weight.
Distinguishing pediatric and adolescent renal cell carcinoma from other renal malignancies
Authors: Syed Jamil S. , Nguyen Kevin A. , Wu Charlotte Q. , Cost Nicholas G. , Siddiqui Mohummad M. , Hittelman Adam B. , Shuch Brian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a small proportion of renal malignancies early in life. Distinguishing RCC from other malignancies is important as treatment strategies may differ. We analyze the Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify predictive factors of RCC in the pediatric population with renal tumors.MethodsWe queried SEER to identify patients from ages 0 to 19 diagnosed with a renal malignancy between 1973 and 2013. Cases were sorted using histology and site codes. Age‐adjusted standardized incidence rates (SIR) were calculated. We compared differences in characteristics between cancer types. A logistic regression model and a nomogram were created to identify predictors of RCC.ResultsA total of 3,670 patients were identified, of which 281 (7.7%) were diagnosed with RCC. The SIR of RCC increased with age. After age 12, RCC was found in >50% of all newly diagnosed cases. On multivariate analysis, RCC was associated with smaller tumor size (P < 0.001), increasing age (P < 0.001), black race (P < 0.001), and localized stage (P < 0.001). The nomogram predicted RCC pathology with a concordance index of 0.965.ConclusionsRCC in childhood and adolescence is relatively uncommon; however, it accounts for >50% of renal malignancies after age 12. For every year of increasing age, the odds of having an RCC diagnosis are increased by 50%. The odds of a renal tumor being RCC are increased in black children, those with localized disease, and those with smaller tumors. In these specific populations, RCC should be favored in the differential diagnosis of the renal mass.
High hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)—A 25‐year population‐based survey of the Austrian ALL‐BFM (Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster) Study Group
Authors: Reismüller Bettina , Steiner Manuel , Pichler Herbert , Dworzak Michael , Urban Christian , Meister Bernhard , Schmitt Klaus , Pötschger Ulrike , König Margit , Mann Georg , Haas Oskar A. , Attarbaschi Andishe ,   Austrian ALL‐BFM (Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster) Study Group
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 30% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases are high hyperdiploid (HD). Despite their low relative recurrence risk, this group accounts for the overall largest relapse proportion.ProcedureTo evaluate potential risk factors in our population‐based cohort of patients with HD ALL enrolled in four Austrian ALL‐BFM (Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster) studies from 1986 to 2010 (n = 210), we reviewed the clinical, laboratory, and cytogenetic data of the respective cases in relation to their outcome.ResultsThe 5‐year event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire group was 83.1 ± 2.7% and 92.0 ± 1.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that trisomy 17 was significantly associated with a better EFS and OS, whereas trisomy 10 and a modal chromosome number (MCN) > 53 chromosomes were significantly associated with a better OS. Except for the latter, findings remained valid in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn line with previous studies, our retrospective analysis shows that MCN and specific trisomies are relevant prognostic indicators in an ALL‐BFM cohort of patients with HD ALL. However, considering the current dominant role of minimal residual disease monitoring for prognostic stratification in ALL, including this particular subgroup, it is unlikely that this information is compelling enough to be utilized for refined risk classification in future ALL‐BFM treatment protocols.
Die großen Reaktorkatastrophen
Authors: Michel Rolf , Steinkopff Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDer Deutsche Wetterdienst (DWD) hat den gesetzlichen Auftrag, die Radioaktivität in Luft und Niederschlag zu überwachen und Methoden zur Vorhersage der atmosphärischen Radioaktivität vorzuhalten. Sein Messnetz kann heute alle relevanten Konzentrationen von Radionukliden nachweisen. Auf Basis dieser Daten kann der DWD mit Hilfe von Wettermodellen Prognosen zur atmosphärischen Verfrachtung abgeben. Dies bewährte sich nach der Reaktorkatastrophe von Fukushima.
Recheneinheit für zwei Photonen
Authors: Ritter Stephan , Hacker Bastian , Welte Stephan , Rempe Gerhard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhotonen können als vielseitige Träger von Quanteninformation genutzt werden. Allerdings verhinderte das Fehlen einer direkten Wechselwirkung bisher die Implementierung einer deterministischen, kontrollierten Logikoperation zwischen zwei Photonen. Ein solches Quantengatter ist am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Quantenoptik in Garching nun erstmals realisiert worden. Als “Schaltstelle” dient ein einzelnes Atom in einem optischen Resonator, das die Wechselwirkung der aufeinanderfolgenden Photonen ermöglicht.
Ein Uhrmacher unter Strom
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie wichtigste Quelle über sein Leben ist ein Nachruf aus der Feder seines Sohnes. Die Herausgeber publizieren ihn nur mit einer Warnung: Auch wenn der Lebensbericht “aufgrund der Voreingenommenheit des Sohnes in warme Farben getaucht” sei, tue er dem Vater Unrecht. In Wirklichkeit sei der nämlich ein gestandener Wissenschaftler gewesen, der aber “in einigen Fällen die Ergebnisse seiner Forschung in einer Form veröffentlicht habe, die allgemeiner Anerkennung wenig zuträglich” gewesen sei.
Stereospecific reversible deactivation radical polymerization of biomass‐based acrylates for precise control of tacticity and molecular weight
Authors: Tanaka Hitoshi , Kibayashi Tatsuya , Okuda Kazuya , Kashihara Shoichi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTReversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) of biomass‐based acrylates, (S)‐ and (R)‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐ones (S‐MiPDO and R‐MiPDO), was successfully performed to produce a well‐defined polymer with simultaneously controlled tacticity and molecular weight, and low dispersity (Đ < 1.3). In particular, meso triad (mm) of the polymer was continuously controlled as designed from 28.1% to about 100% by changing the molar ratio of S‐MiPDO/R‐MiPDO in feed. In kinetic studies, the rate of RDRP was strongly influenced by the stereostructures of the propagating radical, and it was much lower in isospecific RDRP than atactic one in reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization (RTCP) in contrast to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) where the rate would not change regardless of the tacticity. Increase of molecular weight and low Đ of the polymer were also observed in reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of MiPDO. In addition, block copolymers including stereoblock copolymers were feasibly synthesized by RTCP of styrene and methyl methacrylate using poly(MiPDO) prepolymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 445–456
Inactivity and Its Associated Factors in Adults Scheduled for Noncardiac Surgery: The PAMP Phase I Study
Authors: Cortés Olga L. , Moreno Karen , Alvarado Paula , Povea Camilo , Lloyd Monique , Dennis Rodolfo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and its associated factors in adult patients admitted to hospital for noncardiac surgery.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Five hundred able-bodied patients (age ≥45 years) admitted to hospital, also participants in the VISION study, were recruited before noncardiac surgery. The physical activity level (PAL) was assessed with the International Physical of Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between a number of predetermined factors and physical inactivity.

Findings:
Overall, 59.8% were inactive. Factors associated with inactivity included age, assistance with activities of daily living, and insulin-dependent diabetes.

Conclusion:
A substantial number of patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery are inactive. Elderly patients, those needing assistance, and those with long-lasting diabetes may benefit from PAL assessment before surgery.

Clinical Relevance:
Healthcare providers should identify PALs and monitor for known risk factors to prepare patients for surgical procedures.
An empirical study of portfolio management and Kanban in agile and lean software companies
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ovais , Lwakatare Lucy Ellen , Kuvaja Pasi , Oivo Markku , Markkula Jouni 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTraditional portfolio management tools and methods are challenging for software companies that use agile and lean approaches, because of the complex pre‐planning activities required. In this paper, traditional portfolio management tools and methods that have been conventionally used in industry and presented in literature are reviewed. Findings concerning their use in agile and lean software companies are investigated, on the basis of the literature review and semi‐structured interviews conducted in 7 agile and lean software companies in Finland. The findings indicate that the studied companies do not use traditional portfolio management tools and methods in their entirety. The software companies adapted suitable components from traditional portfolio management tools and methods into their practices. They also apply new tools and methods to manage their portfolios of offerings, to cope with the dynamics required by agile and lean methods. The companies' emphasis is on using tools to facilitate immediate feedback from customers, to assess the value of offerings in their portfolio. The results showed a growing interest in using Kanban at the portfolio level to provide a visual overview of offerings.
Is Clinical Research in Oesophageal Cancer in South Africa in Crisis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Loots E. , Sartorius B. , Madiba T. E. , Mulder C. J. J. , Clarke D. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOesophageal cancer (OC) is responsible for the second highest number of cancer‐related deaths in South Africa (SA). Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent type with an incidence of 46.7/100,000 and 19.2/100,000 for males and females. This is a systematic review of the clinical diagnosis and management of OC within the South African context. This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number CRD42016034053) with adherence to PRISMA guidelines. An online search was performed using MEDLINE, EBSCOHost and PubMed. Eligibility criteria for articles included published, original peer‐reviewed research addressing clinical management of oesophageal cancer in South Africa. Review articles, case reports, scientific letters and studies published in languages other than English or Afrikaans were excluded. The research terms were ‘etiology’, ‘human’, ‘esophageal cancer’, ‘esophageal carcinoma’, ‘oesophageal cancer’, and ‘oesophageal carcinoma’, ‘squamous cell carcinoma’, ‘Africa’ and ‘South Africa’. A total of 336 articles were identified. Of these, 146 were immediately excluded and a further 159 were excluded after review. A total of 31 appropriate articles, i.e. 9.2% of searched articles, were included. Thirteen articles addressed chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, 9 oesophageal luminal therapy, 7 oesophageal surgery and 2 screening. OC research of in SA over the last two decades has mainly been in the form of reviews and opinion papers. Clinical research, auditing and prospectively analysing OC management and outcomes in SA hospitals are sorely needed and should be promoted by both healthcare workers and policy makers alike.