bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility mapping of upper lip and primary palate fusion
Authors: Cai Sini , Yin Ningbei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCleft lip and/or primary palate (CL/P) represent a prevalent congenital malformation, the aetiology of which is highly intricate. Although it is generally accepted that the condition arises from failed fusion between the upper lip and primary palate, the precise mechanism underlying this fusion process remains enigmatic. In this study, we utilized transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC‐seq) and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to interrogate lambdoidal junction tissue derived from C57BL/6J mouse embryos at critical stages of embryogenesis (10.5, 11.5 and 12.5 embryonic days). We successfully identified distinct subgroups of mesenchymal and ectodermal cells involved in the fusion process and characterized their unique transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, we conducted cell differentiation trajectory analysis, revealing a dynamic repertoire of genes that are sequentially activated or repressed during pseudotime, facilitating the transition of relevant cell types. Additionally, we employed scATAC data to identify key genes associated with the fusion process and demonstrated differential chromatin accessibility across major cell types. Finally, we constructed a dynamic intercellular communication network and predicted upstream transcriptional regulators of critical genes involved in important signalling pathways. Our findings provide a valuable resource for future studies on upper lip and primary palate development, as well as congenital defects.
Wide Restorative Emergence Angle Increases Marginal Bone Loss and Impairs Integrity of the Junctional Epithelium of the Implant Supracrestal Complex: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Strauss Franz J. , Park Jin‐Young , Lee Jung‐Seok , Schiavon Lucia , Smirani Rawen , Hitz Sonja , Chantler Jennifer G. M. , Mattheos Nikos , Jung Ronald , Bosshardt Dieter , Cha Jae‐Kook , Thoma Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the influence of the emergence angle on marginal bone loss (MBL) and supracrestal soft tissue around dental implants.Materials and MethodsIn six mongrel dogs, the mandibular premolars and molars were extracted. After 3 months of healing, four dental implants were placed in each hemimandible. The implants were randomly allocated to receive one of four customized healing abutments, each with a different value of the restorative emergence angle: 20°, 40°, 60° or 80°. Intra‐oral radiographs were taken after placing the healing abutments and at 6, 9, 16 and 24 weeks of follow‐up. Then, micro‐CT and undecalcified histology and synchrotron were performed. MBL over time was analysed with generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and adjusted for baseline soft‐tissue thickness.ResultsFrom implant placement to 24 weeks, GEE modelling showed that the MBL at mesial and distal sites consistently increased over time, indicating MBL in all groups (p < 0.001). The model indicated that MBL varied significantly across the different restorative angles (angle effect, p < 0.001), with 80° showing the greatest bone loss. Micro‐CT, histology and synchrotron confirmed the corresponding trends and showed that wide restorative angles (60° and 80°) impaired the integrity of the junctional epithelium of the supracrestal tissue.ConclusionsA wide restorative angle increases MBL and impairs the integrity of the junctional epithelium of the implant supracrestal complex.
Effect of home‐based isometric training on blood pressure in older adults with high normal BP or stage I hypertension: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pinto Diogo , Dias Nuno , Garcia Catarina , Teixeira Manuel , Marques Maria J. , Amaral Teresa , Amaral Leonor , Abreu Ricardo , Figueiredo Daniela , Polónia Jorge , Mesquita‐Bastos José , Viana João L. , Pescatello Linda S. , Ribeiro Fernando , Alves Alberto J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis trial analyzes the effects of home‐based isometric handgrip training (IHT) and aerobic exercise training (AET) on ambulatory and office blood pressure (BP) in older adults with high normal to established hypertension.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial included 84 participants (46 women, 71.1 ± 3.6 years, systolic BP [SBP] 137.1 ± 13.8 mmHg, diastolic BP [DBP] 80.8 ± 8.3 mmHg). Participants were randomized into IHT (n = 28), AET (n = 28), or usual medical care plus lifestyle advice (UC, n = 28). Participants performed IHT or AET three times/week for 8 weeks. IHT consisted of 4 × 45 s bilateral contractions at 50% of maximum voluntary contraction with 1‐min rest between sets. AET consisted of walking 30 min at 50%–70% of estimated maximum oxygen consumption. UC received standardized medical care including lifestyle advice.ResultsSeventy‐six participants completed the intervention: 27 in IHT, 26 in AET, and 23 in UC. At baseline, BP values were similar among groups. No differences were observed in 24‐h ambulatory, daytime, and nighttime SBP and DBP in any group (p > 0.05). IHT and AET reduced office SBP (−8.0 ± 13.4 mmHg; p = 0.004; −5.6 ± 12.2 mmHg; p = 0.027, respectively). IHT reduced office DBP (−3.3 ± 7.4 mmHg; p = 0.024), but AET did not. No differences occurred in office BP in UC. There was no difference in office BP among groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAn 8‐week home‐based IHT and AET failed to reduce ambulatory SBP, while office SBP was reduced by 8/5 mmHg. Only IHT reduced office DBP by 3 mmHg. Thus, IHT and AET may be effective for lowering office BP in older adults with high normal to established hypertension.
Market discipline and government guarantees: Evidence from the insurance industry
Authors: Deng Yiling , Leverty J. Tyler , Wunder Kenny , Zanjani George 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe identify the effect of public guarantees on market discipline by exploiting the variation in US state guarantees of property–casualty insurer obligations. We find that guaranty funds have little effect on the risk‐sensitivity of insurer financing overall, with the exception of rating changes at the key threshold level of A.M. Best's A− rating. For insurers rated A− before a downgrade, we find that premium growth in business not covered by state guarantees falls in relation to growth in business covered by state guarantees. We estimate this difference in growth to be as high as 14.9% for commercial insurers.
Microcirculatory Perfusion Disturbances During Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Volleman Carolien , Raasveld S. Jorinde , Jamaludin Faridi S. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. , van den Brom Charissa E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVeno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is used in case of potentially reversible cardiac failure and restores systemic hemodynamics. However, whether this is followed by improvement of microcirculatory perfusion is unknown. Moreover, critically ill patients have possible pre‐existing microcirculatory perfusion disturbances. Therefore, this review provides an overview of alterations in sublingual microcirculatory perfusion in critically ill adult patients receiving VA‐ECMO support. Pubmed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting sublingual microcirculatory perfusion measurements in adult patients supported by VA‐ECMO were included. Outcome parameters included small vessel density (SVD), perfused vessel density (PVD), perfused small vessel density (PSVD), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), microvascular flow index (MFI) and the heterogeneity index (HI). The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021243930). The search identified 1215 studies of which 11 were included. Cardiogenic shock was the most common indication for VA‐ECMO (n=8). Three studies report increased PSVD, PPV, and MFI 24 hours after initiation of ECMO compared to pre‐ECMO. Nonetheless, microcirculatory perfusion stabilized thereafter. Four out of four studies showed higher PSVD and PPV in survivors compared to non‐survivors. Over time, survivors showed recovery of microcirculatory perfusion within hours of initiation of ECMO, whereas this was absent in non‐survivors. Notwithstanding the limited sample, VA‐ECMO seems to improve microcirculatory perfusion shortly after initiation of ECMO, especially in survivors. Further research in larger cohorts is needed to clarify the longitudinal effects of ECMO on microcirculatory perfusion.
“Aging Amplifies Challenges”: A Descriptive Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experiences and Needs of Elderly Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Linghui , Chen Yubin , Hong Yu , Zhang Jiayuan , Jiang Wenlong , Li Qi , Li Xiaoyan , Zhou Yuqiu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOlder adults diagnosed with schizophrenia face unique public health challenges, with specific treatment needs, complex care demands, accelerated aging, and increased susceptibility to health issues. This phenomenological study explored the existential realities and needs of older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. Fifteen participants, with a mean age of 69.47 (SD ± 9.47) years, ranging from 62 to 79 years old and hailing from rural regions, participated in the study. Four main themes and eight sub‐themes emerge: compounding the burden (challenges in symptom management, comorbidities); the abyss of a life filled with emptiness (loss of mental pillars, living in agony); living on the margins of society (the vicious cycle of social and self‐isolation, unattainable social welfare); and glimmer of light in the darkness (support systems, self‐adjustment). The study calls for healthcare professionals to improve follow‐up care efficiency, strengthen engagement, understand patients' living conditions and needs, enforce existing welfare policies for older mentally ill patients, and enhance their mental health and quality of life.
A review on drug repurposing applicable to obesity
Authors: Chen Feng , Jing Kai , Zhang Zhen , Liu Xia 
Published: October 2024

SummaryObesity is a major public health concern and burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Due to the challenges and limitations of lifestyle adjustments, it is advisable to consider pharmacological treatment for people affected by obesity. However, the side effects and limited efficacy of available drugs make the obesity drug market far from sufficient. Drug repurposing involves identifying new applications for existing drugs and offers some advantages over traditional drug development approaches including lower costs and shorter development timelines. This review aims to provide an overview of drug repurposing for anti‐obesity medications, including the rationale for repurposing, the challenges and approaches, and the potential drugs that are being investigated for repurposing. Through advanced computational techniques, researchers can unlock the potential of repurposed drugs to tackle the global obesity epidemic. Further research, clinical trials, and collaborative efforts are essential to fully explore and leverage the potential of drug repurposing in the fight against obesity.
Productive Poplar Genotypes Exhibited Temporally Stable Low Stem Embolism Resistance and Hydraulic Resistance Segmentation at the Stem–Leaf Transition
Authors: Zhao Han , Huang Xin , Ma Bolong , Jiang Bo , Jiang Zaimin , Cai Jing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBreeding tree genotypes that are both productive and drought‐resistant is a primary goal in forestry. However, the relationships between plant hydraulics and yield at the genotype level, and their temporal stabilities, remain unclear. We selected six poplar genotypes from I‐101 (Populus alba) × 84 K (P. alba × Popolus tremula var. glandulosa) for experiments in the first and fourth years after planting in a common garden. Measurements included stem embolism resistance, shoot hydraulic resistance and its partitioning between stems and leaves, vessel‐ and pit‐level anatomy, leaf carbon acquisition capacity, carbon allocation to leaves, and aboveground biomass (yield proxy). Significant genetic variations in hydraulic properties and yield were found among genotypes in both years. Productive genotypes had wide vessels, large thin pit membranes, small pit apertures, and shallow pit chambers. Hydraulic resistance was negatively correlated with yield, enabling high stomatal conductance and assimilation rates. Productive genotypes allocated less aboveground carbon and hydraulic resistance to leaves. Temporally stable trade‐offs between stem embolism resistance and yield, and between hydraulic segmentation and yield, were identified. These findings highlight the tight link between hydraulic function and yield and suggest that stable trade‐offs may challenge breeding poplar genotypes that are both productive and drought‐resistant.
Virome Characterization of Native Wild‐Rice Plants Discovers a Novel Pathogenic Rice Polerovirus With World‐Wide Circulation
Authors: Yan Wenkai , Zhu Yu , Zou Chengwu , Liu Wencheng , Jia Bei , Niu Jiangshuai , Zhou Yaogui , Chen Baoshan , Li Rongbai , Ding Shou‐Wei , Wu Qingfa , Guo Zhongxin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPandemics originating from zoonotic viruses have posed significant threats to human health and agriculture. Recent discoveries have revealed that wild‐rice plants also harbour viral pathogens capable of severely impacting rice production, a cornerstone food crop. In this study, we conducted virome analysis on ~1000 wild‐rice individual colonies and discovered a novel single‐strand positive‐sense RNA virus prevalent in these plants. Through comprehensive genomic characterization and comparative sequence analysis, this virus was classified as a new species in the genus Polerovirus, designated Rice less tiller virus (RLTV). Our investigations elucidated that RLTV could be transmitted from wild rice to cultivated rice via a specific insect vector, the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, causing less tiller disease symptoms in rice plants. We generated an infectious cDNA clone for RLTV and demonstrated systemic infection of rice cultivars and induction of severe disease symptoms following mechanical inoculation or stable genetic transformation. We further illustrated transmission of RLTV from stable transgenic lines to healthy rice plants by the aphid vector, leading to the development of disease symptoms. Notably, our database searches showed that RLTV and another polerovirus isolated from a wild plant species are widely circulating not only in wild rice but also cultivated rice around the world. Our findings provide strong evidence for a wild plant origin for rice viruses and underscore the imminent threat posed by aphid‐transmitted rice Polerovirus to rice cultivar.
Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk for human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors from 2003 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Xie Junmou , Li Zhongping , Liang Haojian , Huang Zhijian , Du Rongsong , Gao Wenbo , Huang Boquan , Liao Fenfang , Rong Xia , Fu Yongshui , Nie Yongmei , Liang Huaqin , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChina's significant population affected by HIV poses a substantial threat to blood transfusion safety. Despite advancements in blood testing techniques, a residual risk of HIV transmission persists. Accurately assessing HIV epidemic and the residual risk is vital for monitoring blood supply safety and evaluating the effectiveness of new screening tests.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of HIV detection results among voluntary blood donors from 2003 to 2022. The study included data on HIV‐confirmed positive donors, HIV prevalence, infection risk factors, and an incidence‐window period mathematical model to estimate the residual risk of HIV.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2022, HIV prevalence among blood donors in Guangzhou showed a peak‐shaped trend, initially increasing before declining. The overall HIV prevalence was 18.9 infections per 100,000 donations. Male donors had a significantly higher prevalence compared with female donors. Donors aged 26–35 years had the highest prevalence. Ethnic minority donors had a higher prevalence compared with Han donors. Repeat donors had a lower prevalence compared with first‐time donors. Donors from other provinces had a higher prevalence compared with local donors. During the period of 2003 to 2022, the residual risk of HIV in Guangzhou steadily decreased, reaching a notable 1 in 526,316 donations in the past two years.ConclusionThe HIV epidemic among blood donors in Guangzhou remains severe, but the residual risk of HIV is decreasing. Novel detection methods have proven advantageous in reducing this residual risk. Implementing additional effective measures is imperative to ensure blood safety and curb the spread of HIV.
Border carbon adjustment (BCA) and heterogeneous firms trade
Authors: Kim Minsu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI explore the effect of a carbon tax and a border carbon adjustment (BCA) under the asymmetric heterogeneous trade model of Melitz (2003, Econometrica, 71, 1695). I achieve several results with welfare and policy implications. First, firms in both the home and foreign country tend to adopt high technology because of the home country's stricter environmental policy, and the imposition of BCA stimulates this technological upgrade further for the home country. Second, as a result of a higher emission tax, the home country is worse off from consumption, and lessens the emissions. Whereas, the foreign country can enjoy higher welfare from its consumption, and increases the emissions in its exports (‘carbon leakage’). The imposition of BCA can alleviate these problems, but it relocates the emissions back to the home country, and thus the total emissions increase slightly.
Codimension two mean curvature flow of entire graphs
Authors: Savas Halilaj Andreas , Smoczyk Knut 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider the graphical mean curvature flow of maps , , and derive estimates on the growth rates of the evolved graphs, based on a new version of the maximum principle for properly immersed submanifolds that extends the well‐known maximum principle of Ecker and Huisken derived in their seminal paper [Ann. of Math. (2) 130:3(1989), 453–471]. In the case of uniformly area decreasing maps , , we use this maximum principle to show that the graphicality and the area decreasing property are preserved. Moreover, if the initial graph is asymptotically conical at infinity, we prove that the normalized mean curvature flow smoothly converges to a self‐expander.
Influence of Water Cover on the Blast Resistance of Circular Plates
Authors: Liu Zhenfeng , Li Xiaojie , Zhou Dezheng , Wang Xiaohong , Yan Honghao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Explosion containment vessels (ECVs) can effectively limit the range of potential hazards, and improving their blast resistance is an important research topic. Placing ECVs underwater is an excellent and promising method. The effect of water covering on the blast resistance of circular plates was investigated experimentally and numerically in this paper. First, blast experiments of circular water-covered and bare plates were conducted, and strain responses were obtained. The effect of water on the maximum strain as well as the high-level strain crests was investigated based on experimental results. Then, numerical simulations were carried out using ansys/autodyn and validated by experimental results. The displacement and strain response at the center of the circular plate with different water cover heights were analyzed. The experimental and numerical results show that water can effectively reduce the peak dynamic response of the steel plate and increase the vibration period of the steel plate. The center of the circular plate is the most dangerous position under confined blast loading, regardless of whether the plate is covered with water or not. The results from numerical simulations also clearly show that the blast resistance of the steel plate will first be improved and then stable with the increase of the water cover height. The work in this paper can provide a useful reference for the design and protection of explosion containment vessels.
Numerical Analysis of a Two-Phase Turbine: A Comparative Study Between Barotropic and Mixture Models
Authors: Kumar Amit , Parisi Simone , Agromayor Roberto , Walther Jens H. , Haglind Fredrik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Two-phase turbines offer the potential to significantly enhance the performance of power generation and refrigeration systems. However, their development has been hindered by comparatively lower efficiencies resulting from additional loss mechanisms absent in single-phase turbines. In this context, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) emerges as a crucial tool to predict the performance of two-phase turbines and guide the design process toward higher efficiency. To date, most multiphase CFD studies on turbomachinery have focused on condensation in the final stages of steam turbines, and on cavitation in hydraulic pumps and turbines. These applications, however, are not representative of the conditions in two-phase turbines, where a liquid-dominated mixture undergoes a large expansion ratio, leading to a significant increase in the gas phase volume fraction throughout the entire flow. Recognizing the lack of an established modeling approach, this paper aims to identify a suitable modeling methodology for two-phase turbines. Our evaluation is centered around two models: the mixture model and the barotropic model. The validity and accuracy of these two modeling approaches are assessed using existing experimental data from a single-stage impulse turbine operating with several mixtures of water and nitrogen as working fluid. The results indicate that both the mixture and barotropic models are consistent and accurately predict the nozzle mass flowrate, yet, both models systematically overpredict the nozzle exit velocity and rotor torque. Adding correction terms for windage and unsteady pumping losses significantly improves the torque predictions, bringing them within the uncertainty range of the experimental data. In addition, refining the models to account for the effect of slip presents a promising avenue to enhance the prediction of nozzle exit velocity and overall performance of two-phase turbines.