bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bleeding on probing around dental implants: a retrospective study of associated factors
Authors: Farina Roberto , Filippi Marco , Brazzioli Jessica , Tomasi Cristiano , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo (i) identify factors associated with the probability of a peri‐implant site to be positive to bleeding on probing (BoP+) and (ii) compare BoP+ probability around dental implants and contra‐lateral teeth.MethodsIn 112 patients, data related to 1725 peri‐implant sites and 1020 contra‐lateral dental sites were retrospectively obtained. To analyse the association between patient‐, implant‐ and site‐related factors and BoP+ probability, a logistic, three‐level model was built with BoP as the binary outcome variable (+/−).ResultsBoP+ probability for a peri‐implant site with probing depth (PD) of 4 mm was 27%, and the odds ratio increased by 1.6 for each 1‐mm increment in PD (p < 0.001). Also, BoP+ probability was higher in females compared to males (OR = 1.61; p = 0.048), and lower at posterior compared to anterior dental implants (OR = 0.55; p < 0.01). No significant difference in BoP+ probability was observed between peri‐implant and contra‐lateral dental sites when controlling for the difference in PD.ConclusionsThe probability of a peri‐implant site to bleed upon probing is (i) associated with PD, implant position and gender, and (ii) similar to that observed at contra‐lateral dental sites when controlling for the effect of PD.
Combined surgical therapy of advanced peri‐implantitis evaluating two methods of surface decontamination: a 7‐year follow‐up observation
Authors: Schwarz Frank , John Gordon , Schmucker Andrea , Sahm Narja , Becker Jürgen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the long‐term outcomes (>4 years) following combined surgical resective/regenerative therapy of advanced peri‐implantitis lesions using two surface decontamination methods.Material & MethodsFifteen patients (n = 15 combined supra‐ and intrabony defects) completed a follow‐up observation period of 7 years. The treatment procedure included access flap surgery, granulation tissue removal and implantoplasty at buccally and supracrestally exposed implant parts, and a randomly assigned decontamination of the unmodified intrabony implant surface areas using either (i) an Er:YAG laser (ERL) or (ii) plastic curettes + cotton pellets + sterile saline (CPS). Intrabony defects were filled using a natural bone mineral and covered by a native collagen membrane.ResultsAt 7 years, both ERL and CPS were associated with similar mean bleeding on probing reductions (CPS: 89.99 ± 11.65% versus ERL: 86.66 ± 18.26%) and clinical attachment level gains (CPS: 2.76 ± 1.92 mm versus ERL: 2.06 ± 2.52 mm).ConclusionCombined surgical resective/regenerative therapy of advanced peri‐implantitis was effective on the long‐term, but not influenced by the initial method of surface decontamination.
When three traits make a line: evolution of phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation through linear reaction norms in stochastic environments
Authors: Ergon T. , Ergon R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenetic assimilation emerges from selection on phenotypic plasticity. Yet, commonly used quantitative genetics models of linear reaction norms considering intercept and slope as traits do not mimic the full process of genetic assimilation. We argue that intercept–slope reaction norm models are insufficient representations of genetic effects on linear reaction norms and that considering reaction norm intercept as a trait is unfortunate because the definition of this trait relates to a specific environmental value (zero) and confounds genetic effects on reaction norm elevation with genetic effects on environmental perception. Instead, we suggest a model with three traits representing genetic effects that, respectively, (i) are independent of the environment, (ii) alter the sensitivity of the phenotype to the environment and (iii) determine how the organism perceives the environment. The model predicts that, given sufficient additive genetic variation in environmental perception, the environmental value at which reaction norms tend to cross will respond rapidly to selection after an abrupt environmental change, and eventually becomes equal to the new mean environment. This readjustment of the zone of canalization becomes completed without changes in genetic correlations, genetic drift or imposing any fitness costs of maintaining plasticity. The asymptotic evolutionary outcome of this three‐trait linear reaction norm generally entails a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity than the two‐trait model, and maximum expected fitness does not occur at the mean trait values in the population.
Impact of freeze‐drying on bioactive compounds of yellow passion fruit residues
Authors: Silva Neiton C. , Santana Ricardo C. , Duarte Claudio R. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFruit production and processing result in a large amount of residues, which are usually discarded or underused. Passion fruit residues are source of fibers and other bioactive substances, which are antioxidant, protect cells against oxidative stress, and have pharmaceutical and food properties. This paper investigates the effects of freeze‐drying on bioactive compounds of yellow passion fruit residues (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). It was analyzed the following compounds: Pectin, total phenolics, total flavonoids, citric acid, and ascorbic acid, and also the effect of freezing techniques (in freezer or liquid nitrogen) on moisture removal and product quality. The results indicated the best freeze‐drying conditions for yellow passion fruit residues considering the preservation of the main compounds.Practical applicationConcerning processed fruits, the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) has had great importance due to the quality of its juice and its great amount of minerals and vitamins. However, the processing of this fruit results in a substantial amount of residues, which may represent 65–70% of the fruit weight. These residues are usually discarded, causing environmental impact and loss of raw material and energy. Yellow passion fruit residues contain high levels of bioactive compounds, such as pectin, vitamins, minerals, polyphenolic antioxidants, and dietary fibers. This study investigated the freeze‐drying of passion fruit residues. It was analyzed the effect of operating conditions on bioactive compounds content in the samples and determined the most suitable process conditions.
Identifying the optimal strategy for screening of advanced colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Jung Yoon Suk , Park Chan Hyuk , Kim Nam Hee , Park Jung Ho , Park Dong Il , Sohn Chong Il 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimTo guide selection of optimal screening strategies for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN), we evaluated the screening performances of sigmoidoscopy, fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and the Asia‐Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) system, as well as combinations of these techniques.MethodsWe reviewed the records of participants who had undergone a colonoscopy and FIT as part of a comprehensive health‐screening program. Results of sigmoidoscopy were estimated from lesions under colonoscopic examination. The screening strategies were classified as sigmoidoscopy‐based, FIT‐based, and APCS‐based. The sensitivity and reduction of number needed to colonoscope (NNScope) of each screening strategy were assessed.ResultsOf 23 023 participants, 398 (1.7%) had ACRN. To predict the presence of ACRN, sigmoidoscopy was the most effective method (odds ratio [OR]: 22.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.26–29.07), followed by FIT (OR: 7.18, 95% CI: 5.28–9.68) and APCS (high risk [≥4] OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.87–3.58; moderate risk [2–3] OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.28–2.17). Regarding sigmoidoscopy‐based strategies, “sigmoidoscopy positive alone” and “sigmoidoscopy positive or APCS ≥4” were optimal strategies (reduction of NNScope: 79–86%; sensitivity: 73–78%). In the case of FIT‐based strategies, “FIT positive or APCS ≥4” was the optimal strategy (reduction of NNScope: 72%; sensitivity: 37%). With regard to the APCS system only, “APCS ≥2” and “APCS ≥4” were recommended as sensitivity‐preferred and reduction in NNScope‐preferred strategies, respectively.ConclusionsThe performance in ACRN prediction differs among screening methods (sigmoidoscopy, FIT, and APCS). Among the various single or combined screening strategies, several specific strategies can be chosen depending on medical resources, financial budgets, and screenee preference.
Proton pump inhibitors do not increase the risk for recurrent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Lim Kyung Sook , Min Yang Won , Lee Hyuk , Min Byung‐Hoon , Rhee Poong‐Lyul , Kim Jae J , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe present study aimed to assess the real impact of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on incidence of recurrent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in a homogenous population composed of cirrhotic patients with a previous SBP where differences related with SBP incidence between PPI users and non‐users are less likely to exist.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 307 cirrhotic patients taking diuretics for ascites control and had a previous SBP. Patients who took any PPI for at least 1 week prior to a second SBP were included in the PPI group. The incidence of a second SBP was a primary outcome and was compared between PPI group and non‐PPI group before and after propensity score matching. Risk factors for a second SBP were investigated by multivariate analysis.ResultsSecond SBP occurred in 17 patients (29.3%) during mean 52.1 ± 5.2 months of PPI group and in 60 patients (24.1%) during mean 61.9 ± 4.8 months of non‐PPI group, which did not differ (P = .185). In the matched cohort, second SBP similarly occurred in both groups [29.3% of PPI group vs 26.8% of non‐PPI group (P = .271)]. According to the multivariate analysis, Child–Pugh score was the only significant risk factor for a second SBP (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval, 1.13–2.50, P = .001). Isolated bacteria and clinical outcomes such as of mortality, presence of sepsis, and hospital stay did not differ between the two groups in the matched cohort.ConclusionProton pump inhibitor use is not a risk factor for recurrent SBP in cirrhotic patients.
Aquaporin‐2 excretion in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: Relation to development of renal insufficiency and mortality
Authors: Busk Troels M , Møller Søren , Pedersen Erling B , Gerbes Alexander , Krag Aleksander , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Frankova Sona , Coenraad Minneke J , Bendtsen Flemming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimUrinary aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) is a parameter of water transport in the principal cells in the distal part of the nephron and involved in water retention in cirrhosis and may be a marker of renal function. The aim of the study was to evaluate AQP2 as a predictor of renal insufficiency and death in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsUrine samples from 199 patients (90 patients without organ failure [Group 1], 58 patients with organ failure excluding renal failure [Group 2], and 51 patients with organ failure including renal failure [Group 3]) from the CANONIC study were analyzed for urine AQP2 and urine osmolality.ResultsThere was no difference in AQP2 between the three groups. Urine osmolality was significantly lower in patients in Group 3 versus Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.0004). No relation was found between AQP2 and glomerular filtration rate or creatinine; however, AQP2 was a significant predictor of the development of renal insufficiency (P = 0.0485). In a univariate analysis, AQP2 was a significant predictor of 14 and 28‐day survival, but this was not confirmed in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAquaporin‐2 was not associated with disease severity or markers of renal function but was a predictor for the development of renal insufficiency and death. Therefore, its future use as marker of renal insufficiency could be promising, but further research is needed before it can be considered a clinical useful tool.
Use of Bladder Antimuscarinics in Older Adults with Impaired Cognition
Authors: Green Ariel R. , Segal Jodi , Tian Jing , Oh Esther , Roth David L. , Hilson Liam , Dodson Jennifer L. , Boyd Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the use of antimuscarinics for treating urinary incontinence (UI) in older adults with varying levels of cognition.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingNational Alzheimer's Coordinating Center from 2005 through 2015.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling men and women aged 65 and older (N = 24,106).MeasurementsClinicians and staff evaluated each participant's dementia status during annual in‐person assessments. Participants or their informants reported all medications taken in the 2 weeks before each study visit.ResultsOverall, 5.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.9–5.5%) of the cohort took a bladder antimuscarinic. Participants with impaired cognition were more likely to be taking an antimuscarinic than those with normal cognition. Rates of bladder antimuscarinic use were 4.0% (95% CI = 3.6–4.4%) for participants with normal cognition, 5.6% (95% CI = 4.9–6.3%) for those with mild cognitive impairment, and 6.0% (95% CI = 5.5–6.4%) for those with dementia (p < .001). Of 624 participants with dementia who took antimuscarinics, 16% (95% CI = 13–19%) were simultaneously taking other medicines with anticholinergic properties.ConclusionUse of bladder antimuscarinics was more common in older adults with impaired cognition than in those with normal cognition. This use is despite guidelines advising clinicians to avoid prescribing antimuscarinics in individuals with dementia because of their vulnerability to anticholinergic‐induced adverse cognitive and functional effects. A substantial proportion of cognitively impaired individuals who took antimuscarinics were simultaneously taking other anticholinergic medications. These findings suggest a need to improve the treatment of UI in individuals with impaired cognition.
Frequency and Predictors of Analgesic Prescribing in U.S. Nursing Home Residents with Persistent Pain
Authors: Fain Kevin M. , Alexander G. Caleb , Dore David D. , Segal Jodi B. , Zullo Andrew R. , Castillo‐Salgado Carlos 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo quantify prescription analgesic use of elderly nursing home (NH) residents with persistent noncancer pain and to identify individual and facility traits associated with no treatment.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingLinked Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments; Online Survey, Certification and Reporting (OSCAR) records; and Medicare Part D claims.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with persistent noncancer pain were identified from a cross‐section of all long‐stay U.S. NH residents with an MDS assessment and Medicare Part D enrollment in 2008, excluding those who were terminally ill, those with Alzheimer's disease, and those with the most‐severe cognitive impairment.MeasurementsResidents with moderate to severe daily pain on consecutive assessments at least 90 days apart constituted the cohort with persistent pain. Part D dispensing for an opioid or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) within 30 days of persistent pain onset was identified. Information on resident and facility characteristics was obtained from MDS and OSCAR records. Associations between resident and facility attributes and pain treatment were estimated using multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the study sample of 18,526 residents with persistent pain, 3,094 (16.7%) did not receive prescription analgesics, 12,815 (69.2%) received a prescription opioid, 485 (2.6%) received a prescription NSAID, and 2,132 (11.5%) received a prescription opioid and NSAID. After adjusting for potentially confounding covariates, residents who were older (≥95, odds ratio (OR) = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70–2.49), more cognitively impaired (moderately severe cognitive impairment, OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.71–2.62), or black (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.39) or Asian (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.22–3.20) were less likely to receive a prescription analgesic.ConclusionThrough 2008, pain remained undertreated in NHs, especially in certain subpopulations, including cognitively impaired and older residents. Changes in pain management practice and policies may be necessary to target these vulnerable residents.
Characterizing Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Older People in Primary Care in Ireland from 1997 to 2012
Authors: Moriarty Frank , Bennett Kathleen , Cahir Caitriona , Fahey Tom 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo characterize prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and medicines that increase gastrointestinal bleeding risk (ulcerogenic) in older people from 1997 to 2012 and assess factors associated with maximal‐dose prescribing in long‐term PPI users.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional study of pharmacy claims data.SettingEastern Health Board region of Ireland.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older from a means‐tested health plan in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012 (range 78,489–133,884 individuals).MeasurementsPPI prescribing prevalence was determined per study year, categorized according to duration (≤8 or >8 weeks), dosage (maximal or maintenance), and co‐prescribed drugs. Logistic regression in long‐term PPI users was used to determine whether age, sex, polypharmacy, and ulcerogenic medicine use were associated with being prescribed a maximal dose rather than a maintenance dose. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented.ResultsHalf of this older population received a PPI in 2007 and 2012. Long‐term use (>8 weeks) of maximal doses rose from 0.8% of individuals in 1997 to 23.6% in 2012. Although some ulcerogenic medicines and polypharmacy were significantly associated with maximal PPI doses, any nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use was significantly associated with lower odds of maximal PPI dose (adjusted OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85–0.89), as were aspirin use and older age. Adjusting for medication and demographic factors, odds of being prescribed a maximal PPI dose were significantly higher in 2012 than in 1997 (adjusted OR = 6.30, 95% CI = 5.76–6.88).ConclusionsLong‐term maximal‐dose PPI prescribing is highly prevalent in older adults and is not consistently associated with gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors. Interventions involving prescribers and patients may promote appropriate PPI use, reducing costs and adverse effects of PPI overprescribing.
Mexican‐American Dementia Nomogram: Development of a Dementia Risk Index for Mexican‐American Older Adults
Authors: Downer Brian , Kumar Amit , Veeranki Sreenivas P. , Mehta Hemalkumar B. , Raji Mukaila , Markides Kyriakos S. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo create a risk index (Mexican American Dementia Nomogram (MADeN)) that predicts dementia over a 10‐year period for Mexican Americans aged 65 and older.DesignRetrospective cohort study with longitudinal analysis.SettingTexas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California.ParticipantsHispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H‐EPESE) participants (n = 1,739).MeasurementsDementia was defined as a decline of three or more points per year on the Mini‐Mental State Examination and inability to perform one or more daily activities. Candidate risk factors included demographic characteristics, measures of social engagement, self‐reported health conditions, ability to perform daily activities, and physical activity.ResultsThe MADeN comprised the following risk factors: age, sex, education, not having friends to count on, not attending community events, diabetes mellitus, feeling the blues, pain, impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, and unable to walk a half‐mile. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.78) and a score of 16 points or higher had a sensitivity of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.59–0.72) and specificity of 0.70 (95% CI = 0.67–0.73) in predicting dementia.ConclusionThe MADeN was able to predict dementia in a population of older Mexican‐American adults with moderate accuracy. It has the potential to identify older Mexican‐American adults who may benefit from interventions to reduce dementia risk and to educate this population about risk factors for dementia.
Dietitians' practice in giving carbohydrate advice in the management of type 2 diabetes: a mixed methods study
Authors: McArdle P. D. , Greenfield S. M. , Avery A. , Adams G. G. , Gill P. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundCarbohydrate is accepted as the principal nutrient affecting blood glucose in diabetes; however, current guidelines are unable to specify the optimal quantity of carbohydrate for glycaemic control. No studies exist that describe current practice amongst healthcare professionals giving carbohydrate advice in type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to improve understanding of the degree of variation in the current practice of UK registered dietitians (RDs) by describing how RDs advise patients.MethodsUK RDs were contacted through national networks and asked to complete an online survey, which was analysed using stata, version 12 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Three consultations between dietitians and patients with type 2 diabetes were observed, followed by semi‐structured interviews with the dietitians.ResultsIn total, 320 complete survey responses were received. Dietitians' advice varied according to expertise, training and confidence, and the complexity of the patient's blood glucose treatment. Some 48% (n = 154) of respondents advised patients to restrict carbohydrate intake either occasionally or frequently, with 35.6% (n = 114) considering 30–39% of total energy from carbohydrate to be a realistic expectation. The overall theme from the interviews was ‘Conflicting Priorities’, with three sub‐themes: (i) how treatment decisions are made; (ii) the difference between empowerment and advice; and (iii) contradictory advice. A disparity existed between what was observed and interview data on how dietitians rationalise the type of carbohydrate advice provided.ConclusionsDietitians' advice varies for a number of reasons. Consensus exists in some areas (e.g. carbohydrate awareness advice); however, clear definitions of such terms are lacking. Clarification of interventions may improve the consistency of approach and improve patient outcomes.