bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAO and its relationship with the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature in CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Li Jianping , Sun Cheng , Liu Ting 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and has recently been found to be both an internal source and useful predictor of the multidecadal variability of the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature (NHT). In this study, we examine how well the variability of the NAO and NHT are reproduced in historical simulations generated by the 40 models that constitute Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). All of the models are able to capture the basic characteristics of the interannual NAO pattern reasonably well, whereas the simulated decadal NAO patterns show less consistency with the observations. The NAO fluctuations over multidecadal time scales are underestimated by almost all models. Regarding the NHT multidecadal variability, the models generally represent the externally forced variations well but tend to underestimate the internal NHT. With respect to the performance of the models in reproducing the NAO‐NHT relationship, 14 models capture the observed decadal lead of the NAO, and model discrepancies in the representation of this linkage are derived mainly from their different interpretation of the underlying physical processes associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This study suggests that one way to improve the simulation of the multidecadal variability of the internal NHT lies in better simulation of the multidecadal variability of the NAO and its delayed effect on the NHT variability via slow ocean processes.
Assessing extratropical impact on the tropical bias in coupled climate model with regional coupled data assimilation
Authors: Lu F. , Liu Z. , Zhang S. , Jacob R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe tropical bias of double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has been a persistent feature in global climate models. It remains unclear how much of it is attributed to local and remote processes, respectively. Here we assess the extratropical influence on the tropical bias in a coupled general circulation model dynamically, systematically, and quantitatively using the Regional Coupled Data Assimilation (RCDA) method. RCDA experiments show that the model's double‐ITCZ bias is improved systematically when sea surface temperature, air temperature, and wind are corrected toward real‐world data from the extratropics into the tropics progressively. Quantitatively, the tropical asymmetry bias in precipitation and surface temperature is reduced by 40% due to extratropical impact from outside of ~25°. Coupled dynamics, as well as atmospheric and oceanic processes, play important roles in this extratropical‐to‐tropical teleconnection. Energetic analysis of cross‐equatorial atmospheric energy transport and equatorial net energy input are used to explain the changes in the precipitation bias.
Short‐term observations of double‐peaked Na emission from Mercury's exosphere
Authors: Massetti S. , Mangano V. , Milillo A. , Mura A. , Orsini S. , Plainaki C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report the analysis of short‐term ground‐based observations of the exospheric Na emission (D1 and D2 lines) from Mercury, which was characterized by two high‐latitude peaks confined near the magnetospheric cusp footprints. During a series of scheduled observations from the Télescope Héliographique pour l'Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires (THEMIS) telescope, achieved by scanning the whole planet, we implemented a series of extra measurements by recording the Na emission from a narrow north‐south strip only, centered above the two emission peaks. Our aim was to inspect the existence of short‐term variations, which were never analyzed before from ground‐based observations, and their possible correlation with interplanetary magnetic field variations. Though Mercury possesses a miniature magnetosphere, characterized by fast reconnection events that develop on a timescale of few minutes, ground‐based observations show that the exospheric Na emission pattern can be globally stable for a prolonged period (some days) and also exhibits fluctuations in the time range of tens of minutes.
Survey of magnetic reconnection signatures in the Martian magnetotail with MAVEN
Authors: Harada Y. , Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Espley J. , DiBraccio G. A. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Brain D. A. , Andersson L. , Ma Y. J. , Larson D. E. , Xu S. , Hara T. , Ruhunusiri S. , Livi R. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe conduct an extended survey of reconnection signatures observed in the Martian magnetotail by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. Although it is well established that magnetic reconnection plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of intrinsic magnetospheres, the role of reconnection in the dynamics of induced magnetospheres remains poorly understood. Based on comprehensive plasma and field measurements by MAVEN in the Martian magnetotail, we first identified 776 current sheet crossings and then selected 34 crossings with Hall magnetic field signatures, which are indicative of the ion diffusion region of tail reconnection. For the majority of the identified Hall field events, we observe ion flow enhancements in the directions consistent with the reconnection outflow directions expected from the Hall magnetic field polarity. The reconnection signatures are preferentially observed in the −E hemisphere of the near‐Mars magnetotail at ∼1–2 Mars radii downstream from Mars. We have found no strong correlation of the likelihood of observing reconnection signatures with local crustal field strengths or with upstream drivers. The duty cycle of tail reconnection is estimated to be ∼1–10% or even higher. The MAVEN observations suggest that magnetic reconnection can play an important role in the dynamics of the Martian magnetotail.
Adult Eyewitness Memory for Single Versus Repeated Traumatic Events
Authors: Theunissen Tjeu P.M. , Meyer Thomas , Memon Amina , Weinsheimer Camille C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryReports from individuals who have witnessed multiple, similar emotional events may differ from reports from witnesses of only a single event. To test this, we had participants (N = 65) view a video of a road traffic accident. Half of the participants saw two additional (similar) aversive films. Afterwards, participants filled out the Self‐Administered Interview on the target film twice with an interval of 1 week. Participants who saw multiple similar films were less accurate in recalling details from the target film than participants in the control condition. On their second report, participants were less complete but more accurate compared with their first report. These results indicate that adults who have witnessed multiple repeated events may appear less reliable in their reports than adults who have witnessed a single event. These findings are relevant when evaluating eyewitness evidence and call for new approaches to questioning witnesses about repeated events.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Heteroaromatic N‐Oxides and Hydroxides using Pinacol as Reducing Agent
Authors: Rubio‐Presa Rubén , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Pedrosa María R. , Arnáiz Francisco J. , Sanz Roberto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA molybdenum‐catalyzed deoxygenation of pyridine N‐oxides and N‐hydroxybenzotriazoles, as well as other azole N‐oxides, has been developed using pinacol as an environmentally friendly oxo‐acceptor. The only by‐products are acetone and water making the process a convenient alternative to established protocols in terms of waste generation. The reaction is highly chemoselective and a variety of functional groups are tolerated. The processes are usually very clean allowing the isolation of the pure deoxygenated products after a simple extraction in most cases.magnified image
From O2− to HO2−: Reducing By‐Products and Overpotential in Li‐O2 Batteries by Water Addition
Authors: Qiao Yu , Wu Shichao , Yi Jin , Sun Yang , Guo Shaohua , Yang Sixie , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe development of aprotic Li‐O2 batteries, which are promising candidates for high gravimetric energy storage devices, is severely limited by superoxide‐related parasitic reactions and large voltage hysteresis. The fundamental reaction pathway of the aprotic Li‐O2 battery can be altered by the addition of water, which changes the discharge intermediate from superoxide (O2−) to hydroperoxide (HO2−). The new mechanism involving HO2− intermediate realizes the two‐electron transfer through a single step, which significantly suppresses the superoxide‐related side reactions. Moreover, addition of water also triggers a solution‐based pathway that effectively reduces the voltage hysteresis. These discoveries offer a possible solution for desirable Li‐O2 batteries free of aggressive superoxide species, highlighting the design strategy of modifying the reaction pathway for Li‐O2 electrochemistry.
Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design of a Charged Interface Aligned on 1D Channel Walls and Its Unusual Electrostatic Functions
Authors: Huang Ning , Wang Ping , Addicoat Matthew A. , Heine Thomas , Jiang Donglin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a tailor‐made platform for designing layered two‐dimensional polymers. However, most of them are obtained as neutral porous materials. Here, we report the construction of ionic crystalline porous COFs with positively charged walls that enable the creation of well aligned yet spatially confined ionic interface. The unconventional reversed AA‐stacking mode alternately orientates the cationic centers to both sides of the walls; the ionic interface endows COFs with unusual electrostatic functions. Because all of the walls are decorated with electric dipoles, the uptake of CO2 is enhanced by three fold compared to the neutral analog. By virtue of sufficient open space between cations, the ionic interface exhibits exceptional accessibility, efficiency, and selectivity in ion exchange to trap anionic pollutants. These findings suggest that construction of the ionic interface of COFs offers a new way to structural and functional designs.
Superamphiphilic Silicon Wafer Surfaces and Applications for Uniform Polymer Film Fabrication
Authors: Zhu Zhongpeng , Tian Ye , Chen Yupeng , Gu Zhen , Wang Shutao , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSilicon wafers have been widely used in the semiconductor industry for many decades. Over the past decades, with the development of organic optoelectronic materials, silicon‐based organic–inorganic hybrid devices have received more and more interest in fundamental and applied research. To obtain uniform organic films for hybrid devices, superamphiphilic surfaces, on which both water and oil can spread completely, show great advantages. Herein, we prepared superamphiphilic silicon wafer surfaces with contact angles (CAs) near 0° for both water and typical organic liquids. Interestingly, lateral force mode (LFM) atomic force microscopy (AFM) images indicate that the superamphiphilicity is induced by alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanodomains. By making use of these superamphiphilic silicon wafer surfaces, uniform polypyrrole (PPy) films were generated in both water and cyclopentanone, providing a versatile and effective way for the integration of organic optoelectronic materials with inorganic microelectronic devices.
Self‐Assembly of Magnesium Hydride Clusters Driven by Chameleon‐Type Ligands
Authors: Langer Jens , Maitland Brant , Grams Samuel , Ciucka Alexandra , Pahl Jürgen , Elsen Holger , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile magnesium hydride complexes are generally stabilized by hard, bulky N‐donor ligands, softer ligands with a broad variety of coordination modes are shown to efficiently adapt themselves to the large variety of Mg2+ centers in a growing magnesium hydride cluster. A P,N‐chelating ligand is introduced that displays coordination modes between that of enamide, aza‐allyl, and phosphinomethanide. Slight changes in the ligand bite angle have dramatic consequences for the structure type. The hitherto largest neutral magnesium hydride clusters are isolated either in a nonanuclear sheet‐structure (brucite‐type) or a dodecanuclear ring structure.
Divergent Synthesis of Heteroatom‐Centered 4,8,12‐Triazatriangulenes
Authors: Nakatsuka Soichiro , Gotoh Hajime , Kinoshita Keisuke , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Hatakeyama Takuji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe increasing attention devoted to triangulenes and their heteroatom derivatives inspired us to explore a divergent synthesis of heteroatom‐centered 4,8,12‐triazatriangulenes, which involved the preparation of a nitrogen‐containing macrocyclic precursor and subsequent central heteroatom introduction by electrophilic C−Li and C−H substitution. The boron‐centered triangulene has a planar structure unlike the bowl‐shaped phosphorus‐ and silicon‐centered triangulenes. The described synthetic procedure can be used to fabricate a broad range of attractive functional materials, for example, for organic light‐emitting diodes, based on heteroatom‐centered triangulenes.
Near‐IR Absorbing J‐Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF2‐Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self‐Assembly
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Liu Yong , Wagner Wolfgang , Stepanenko Vladimir , Ren Xiangkui , Ogi Soichiro , Würthner Frank 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new amphiphilic BF2‐azadipyrromethene (aza‐BODIPY) dye 1 has been synthesized using a CuI‐catalyzed “click” reaction. For this dye, two self‐assembly pathways that lead to different type of J‐aggregates with distinct near‐infrared optical properties have been discovered. The metastable off‐pathway product displays a broad, structureless absorption band while the thermodynamically stable on‐pathway aggregate exhibits the characteristic spectral features of a J‐aggregate, that is, red‐shifted intense absorption band with significantly narrowed linewidth. The morphology and structure of the aggregates were studied by atomic force microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The aggregation processes of 1 were investigated by temperature‐ and concentration‐dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy and evaluated by models for cooperative self‐assembly.
Spectroscopic investigation and in vitro cytotoxic activity toward HepG2 cells of a copper compound complexed with human serum albumin
Authors: Li Mei , Huang ShuJuan , Cai Qingyou , Xie YongRong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe human serum albumin (HSA) interaction of a mixed‐ligand copper compound (1) with an imidazole and taurine Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and taurine was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and a molecular docking technique. The results of fluorescence and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that 1 can effectively quench the HSA fluorescence by a static mechanism. Binding constants (K) and the number of binding sites (n ≈ 1) were calculated using modified Stern–Volmer equations. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated. UV–vis, CD and FT‐IR spectroscopy measurements confirm the alterations in the HSA secondary structure induced by 1. The site marker competitive experiment confirms that 1 is located in subdomain IB of HSA. The combination of molecular docking results and fluorescence experimental results reveal that hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds are the predominant intermolecular forces stabilizing the 1–HSA complex. The 1–HSA complex increases approximately three times its cytotoxicity in cancer cells but has no effect on normal cells in vitro. Compared with unbound 1, the 1–HSA complex promotes HepG2 cells apoptosis and also has a stronger capacity for cell cycle arrest at the S phase of HepG2 cells.
Recommendations on the Implementation of Genetic Algorithms for the Directed Evolution of Enzymes for Industrial Purposes
Authors: Barley Mark H. , Turner Nicolas J. , Goodacre Royston 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn directed evolution (DE) the assessment of candidate enzymes and their modification is essential. In this study we have investigated genetic algorithms (GAs) in this context and conducted a systematic study of the behavior of GAs on 20 fitness landscapes (FLs) of varying complexity. This has allowed the tuning of the GAs to be explored. On the basis of this study, recommendations for the best GA settings to use for a GA‐directed high‐throughput experimental program (in which populations and the number of generations is necessarily low) are reported. The FLs were based upon simple linear models and were characterized by the behavior of the GA on the landscape as demonstrated by stall plots and the footprints and adhesion of candidate solutions, which highlighted local optima (LOs). In order to maximize progress of the GA and to reduce the chances of becoming stuck in a LO it was best to use: 1) a large number of generations, 2) high populations, 3) removal of duplicate sequences (clones), 4) double mutation, and 5) high selection pressure (the two best individuals go to the next generation), and 6) to consider using a designed sequence as the starting point of the GA run. We believe that these recommendations might be appropriate starting points for studies employing GAs within DE experiments.
A unique acromegalic osteoarthropathy: manubriosternal joint arthritis
Authors: Fujisawa Satoshi , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageOsteoarthritis of the manubriosternal joint can be found in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Acromegalic arthropathy is often found in the shoulders, wrists, knees, hips, and spine; however, attention should also be given to sternalgia as a complication of acromegalic involvement of the manubriosternal joint.
The use of laparoscopic rectopexy to manage rectal prolapse with Pseudo‐Meigs’ syndrome in a 64‐year‐old female: a case report
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Tsuruta Masashi , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Okabayashi Koji , Shigeta Kohei , Hayashida Tetsu , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe report a rare case of rectal prolapse with Pseudo‐Meigs’ syndrome in which laparoscopic bilateral oophorectomy and rectopexy were performed simultaneously and resulted in improved quality of life due to the loss of ascites and the repair of rectal prolapse. Laparoscopic surgery is feasible for rectal prolapse with Pseudo‐Meigs’ syndrome.
Morphological basis for a tonotopic design of an insect ear
Authors: Hummel Jennifer , Kössl Manfred , Nowotny Manuela 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe tonotopically organized hearing organs of bushcrickets provide the opportunity for a detailed correlation of morphological and structural properties within hearing organs that are needed to establish tonotopic gradients. In the present study of a tonotopic insect hearing organ, we combine mechanical measurements of sound‐induced hearing organ motion and detailed anatomical investigations to explore the anatomical basis of tonotopy. We compare mechanical data of frequency responses along the auditory organ to several anatomical parameters. Low frequency responses are related to larger organ and cap cell size in the proximal part of the hearing organ while in the distal part of the organ, small organ and cap cell size is related to high‐frequency representation. However, the correlation between organ and cap cell size with continuous frequency representation along the organ is not very tight. Instead, the height of the organ and the corresponding length of the sensory dendrites are best correlated to tonotopic frequency representation. The sensory dendrite contains a ciliary root with a pronounced cross‐banding of electron‐dense material that should be important for the stiffness of the dendrite. The geometry of surrounding structures like the hemolymph channel and the acoustic trachea as well as the extension of the tectorial membrane are not correlated to the tonotopy. We provide evidence that tonotopy in the bushcricket hearing organ may depend on the size of ciliary structures. In particular, the ciliary root of the sensory cells is a likely cellular basis of tonotopy.
Poly(4‐Vinylpyridine)‐Based Interfacial Passivation to Enhance Voltage and Moisture Stability of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chaudhary Bhumika , Kulkarni Ashish , Jena Ajay Kumar , Ikegami Masashi , Udagawa Yosuke , Kunugita Hideyuki , Ema Kazuhiro , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is well known that the surface trap states and electronic disorders in the solution‐processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film affect the solar cell performance significantly and moisture sensitivity of photoactive perovskite material limits its practical applications. Herein, we show the surface modification of a perovskite film with a solution‐processable hydrophobic polymer (poly(4‐vinylpyridine), PVP), which passivates the undercoordinated lead (Pb) atoms (on the surface of perovskite) by its pyridine Lewis base side chains and thereby eliminates surface‐trap states and non‐radiative recombination. Moreover, it acts as an electron barrier between the perovskite and hole‐transport layer (HTL) to reduce interfacial charge recombination, which led to improvement in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) by 120 to 160 mV whereas the standard cell fabricated in same conditions showed Voc as low as 0.9 V owing to dominating interfacial recombination processes. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased by 3 to 5 % in the polymer‐modified devices (PCE=15 %) with Voc more than 1.05 V and hysteresis‐less J–V curves. Advantageously, hydrophobicity of the polymer chain was found to protect the perovskite surface from moisture and improved stability of the non‐encapsulated cells, which retained their device performance up to 30 days of exposure to open atmosphere (50 % humidity).
Removal of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) factor suPAR using CytoSorb
Authors: Schenk Heiko , Müller‐Deile Janina , Schmitt Roland , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Haller Hermann , Schiffer Mario 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTreatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and its recurrence after kidney transplantation associated with rapid deterioration of kidney function remains to be challenging despite advances in immunosuppressive therapy. The presence of circulating factors has been postulated to be a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of FSGS, although suPAR and CLCF‐1 have been identified as the most promising causative factors. The potential therapeutic effect of suPAR elimination in an FSGS patient using CytoSorb, a hemoadsorption device that gained attention in the cytokine elimination in septic patients, was studied. Efficiency of total plasma exchange to remove suPAR was determined. CytoSorb hemoadsorption caused a 27.33% reduction of the suPAR level in a single treatment, whereas total plasma exchange showed a suPAR level reduction of 25.12% (n = 3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2777‐0.8090; P < 0.01), which may indicate therapeutic potential in the treatment of primary FSGS and its recurrence in a kidney transplant.