bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma with nodal melanosis: A rare cause of cystic cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Tan Hiang Jin , Lee Lianne Ai Ling , Paulus Felix , Tan Choon Chieh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck malignancies often present as firm, solid nodal masses. However, malignancies arising from Waldeyer's Ring may give rise to cystic lymph nodes.MethodsA 57‐year‐old man was referred for left‐sided neck swelling of 2 weeks' duration. A CT scan revealed an enlarged cystic cervical node at level 5A/B and he underwent excision biopsy.ResultsHistology reported nodal fibrosis with melanophages. Further examination revealed a black nodule on his back where he had wide excision and the histology confirmed pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma.ConclusionCervical lymphadenopathy can rarely be due to an upper back lesion, such as pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. Thus, routine clinical examination of the upper back should be performed in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Portal Effects on the Stability of Cucurbituril Complexes
Authors: Kaifer Angel E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis work is concerned with the properties of cucurbit[n]uril (CBn) host portals. The carbonyl oxygens lining each of the cavity openings on these hosts give rise to a rim of negative charge density, which often has strong effects on guest binding processes. The negative effect that carboxylates exert on guest binding to cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) is described in detail, as well as the fact that the protonation state of terminal −COO−/COOH groups can be utilized to control CB7 shuttling on suitably designed pseudorotaxanes. Carboxylates can also slow down the kinetics of CB7 complex formation and dissociation. Finally, the electrostatic properties of the portals are useful ‐with suitable molecular design‐ to develop strong cooperativity effects, resulting from attractive side‐by‐side interactions, on the assembly of multi‐component supramolecular complexes.
Arterial‐spin‐labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI predicts cognitive function in elderly individuals: A 4‐year longitudinal study
Authors: De Vis Jill B. , Peng Shin‐Lei , Chen Xi , Li Yang , Liu Peiying , Sur Sandeepa , Rodrigue Karen M. , Park Denise C. , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundWith the disappointing outcomes of clinical trials on patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is increasing attention to understanding cognitive decline in normal elderly individuals, with the goal of identifying subjects who are most susceptible to imminent cognitive impairment.Purpose/HypothesisTo evaluate the potential of cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a biomarker by investigating the relationship between CBF at baseline and cognition at follow‐up.Study TypeProspective longitudinal study with a 4‐year time interval.Population309 healthy subjects aged 20–89 years old.Field Strength/Sequence3T pseudo‐continuous‐arterial‐spin‐labeling MRI.AssessmentCBF at baseline and cognitive assessment at both baseline and follow‐up.Statistical TestsLinear regression analyses with age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity, and baseline cognition as covariates.ResultsLinear regression analyses revealed that whole‐brain CBF at baseline was predictive of general fluid cognition at follow‐up. This effect was observed in the older group (age ≥54 years, β = 0.221, P = 0.004), but not in younger or entire sample (β = 0.018, P = 0.867 and β = 0.089, P = 0.098, respectively). Among major brain lobes, frontal CBF had the highest sensitivity in predicting future cognition, with a significant effect observed for fluid cognition (β = 0.244 P = 0.001), episodic memory (β = 0.294, P = 0.001), and reasoning (β = 0.186, P = 0.027). These associations remained significant after accounting for baseline cognition. Voxelwise analysis revealed that medial frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, part of the default mode network (DMN), are among the most important regions in predicting fluid cognition.Data ConclusionIn a healthy aging cohort, CBF can predict general cognitive ability as well as specific domains of cognitive function.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:449–458.
Track‐weighted imaging for neuroretina: Evaluations in healthy volunteers and ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Attyé Arnaud , Jean Clément , Remond Perrine , Peyrin Carole , Lecler Augustin , Boudiaf Naïla , Aptel Florent , Chiquet Christophe , Lamalle Laurent , Krainik Alexandre 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe use of MRI‐tractography to explore the human neuroretina is yet to be reported. Track‐weighted imaging (TWI) was recently introduced as a qualitative tractography‐based method with high anatomical contrast.PurposeTo explore the human retina in healthy volunteers and patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) using TWI reconstructions.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty AION patients compared with 20 healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T MRI diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with b‐value of 1000 s/mm2 and 60 diffusion‐weighting noncollinear directions.AssessmentWe performed constrained spherical deconvolution from the diffusion‐weighted signal and volumetric tractography method, whereby 10 million streamlines are initiated from seed points randomly distributed throughout the orbital area. We then reconstructed TWI maps with isotropic voxel size of 300 μm.Statistical TestsWe tested the effect of the number of diffusion‐weighting directions, ocular laterality, and ocular dominance on healthy retinal fascicles distribution. We then performed factorial analysis of variance to test the effects of the presence/absence of the fascicles on the visual field defect in patients.ResultsIn healthy volunteers, we found more temporal fascicle in right eyes (P = 0.001), more superior fascicles in dominant eyes (P = 0.014), and fewer fascicles with tractography maps based on 30 directions than those based on 45 directions (P = 9 × 10−8) and 60 directions (P = 6 × 10−7). Eight out of 20 AION patients presented with complete absence of neuroretinal fascicle, side of the disease, which was correlated with visual field mean deviation at the 6‐month visit [F(1,17) = 6.97, P = 0.016]. Seven patients presented with a temporal fascicle in the injured eye; this fascicle presence was linked to visual field mean deviation at the 6‐month visit [F(1,17) = 8.43, P = 0.009].Data ConclusionIn AION patients, the presence of the temporal neuroretinal fascicle in the affected eye provides an objective outcome radiological sign correlated with visual performance.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:737–747.
Systematic study on metabolism and activity evaluation of Radix Scutellaria extract in rat plasma using UHPLC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and microdialysis intensity‐fading mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xueju , Liu Shu , Xing Junpeng , Pi Zifeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRadix Scutellaria is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of various diseases. However, the activities of the absorbed components and metabolites of its main flavones in rat plasma need further investigation. In this study, a systematic method based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed to speculate the absorbed components and metabolites of the main flavonoids in Radix Scutellaria extract in rat plasma sample after oral administration of the extract. Twelve compounds, including four prototype components and eight metabolites, were confirmed in drug‐containing plasma. In these metabolites, five were originally detected in rat plasma. The possible metabolic pathways of these polyhydroxy flavones in vivo were described and clarified. Microdialysis with intensity‐fading mass spectrometry was originally employed to investigate the binding affinities of the absorbed components and metabolites with α‐glucosidase. The order of their binding affinities was P4 > P3 > P2 > P1≥M5 > M3 > M1. The research result is helpful to deepen the understanding of the absorbed components and metabolic pathways of main flavones from Radix Scutellaria, and provide a new approach to screen potential inhibitors from in vivo components originated from Chinese herb.
Towards an improved typology approach to segmenting cultural tourists
Authors: Chen Ganghua , Huang Songshan (Sam) 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study aims to improve the cultural tourist typology methodology that uses cultural centrality and depth of cultural experience in its framework. Using a sample of Chinese tourists in Macau (n = 595) collected via questionnaire surveys, the study confirmed the determination effect of cultural centrality on depth of cultural experience. Subsequently, the study demonstrated an improved approach that eliminates such a determination effect in typology identification. Compared to McKercher's () approach, the improved typology presents a balanced segmentation of cultural tourists and distinguishes the segments more clearly in their sociodemographic characteristics. The improved typology generated more meaningful practical implications.
Excellent Stability in Water of Single‐Chain Nanoparticles against Chain Scission by Sonication
Authors: González‐Burgos Marina , González Edurne , Pomposo José A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study the superior stability against degradation induced by ultrasound irradiation of water‐soluble single‐chain polymer nanoparticles when compared to their parent precursor polymers is reported, and a loop scission mechanism in support of such behavior is suggested.
Facile Synthesis of Optically Active and Magnetic Nanoparticles Carrying Helical Poly(phenyl isocyanide) Arms and Their Application in Enantioselective Crystallization
Authors: Lin Ya‐Lan , Chu Jia‐Hong , Lu Hao‐Jun , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the facile synthesis of hybrid Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles carrying helical poly(phenyl isocyanide) (PPI) arms via both “grafting from” and “grafting onto” strategies is reported. First, alkyne‐Pd(II) catalysts are anchored onto the surface of the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle, which promote the polymerization of enantiopure phenyl isocyanide, affording the expected hybrid magnetic nanoparticle with Fe3O4 in core and helical PPI as arms. The nanoparticle also exhibits highly optical activity due to the excess of one‐handed helicity of the PPI arms. Moreover, the hybrid magnetic nanoparticle can be alternatively synthesized via “grafting onto” strategy. A triethoxysilanyl‐terminated single handed helical PPI bearing l‐alanine ester pendants is prepared and grafted onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticle. The generated hybrid magnetic nanoparticles show both magnetic character and optical activity. Taking advantage of these properties, they can be used in enantioselective crystallization of racemic threonine. The enantiomeric excess (ee) of the induced crystals is up to 93%. Moreover, the nanoparticles can be facilely recovered and recycle used for at least four times in enantioselective crystallization without significantly loss of its enantioselectivity.
Design and Synthesis of a Novel n‐Type Polymer Based on Asymmetric Rylene Diimide for the Application in All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Fan , Ran Huijuan , Hu Jian‐Yong , Xiao Bo , Tang Ailing , Wang Xiaochen , Zhou Erjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel n‐type polymer of PTDI‐T based on asymmetric rylene diimide and thiophene is designed and synthesized. The highest power conversion efficiency of 4.70% is achieved for PTB7‐Th:PTDI‐T‐based devices, which is obviously higher than those of the analogue polymers of PPDI‐2T and PDTCDI. When using PBDB‐T as a donor, an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) as high as 1.03 V is obtained. The results indicate asymmetric rylene diimide is a kind of promising building block to construct n‐type photovoltaic polymers.
Das Unbehagen der Chemie
Authors: Müllen Klaus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEinig ist sich eine Mehrheit der Menschen in einem diffusen Unbehagen an der Chemie. Aber wie ist es umgekehrt mit dem Unbehagen der Chemiker? Gemeint ist ein dreifaches Unbehagen: an der Gesellschaft, an den Nachbardisziplinen und, ja, leider auch am eigenen Fach.
Hochleistungsakkus: Weiter kommen mit Silicium
Authors: Hansen Sandra , Carstensen Jürgen , Kienle Lorenz , Adelung Rainer 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHerkömmliche Akkus für die E‐Mobilität stoßen an ihr Reichweitenlimit. Silicium erhöht sowohl die Reichweite – bis zum Fünffachen, als auch die Langlebigkeit, und solche Akkus sind zugleich schnell zu laden. Eine elastische Hülle um das Silicium erhält eine hohe Kristallqualität.
Translational control of aberrant stress responses as a hallmark of cancer
Authors: El‐Naggar Amal M , Sorensen Poul H 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAltered mRNA translational control is emerging as a critical factor in cancer development and progression. Targeting specific elements of the translational machinery, such as mTORC1 or eIF4E, is emerging as a new strategy for innovative cancer therapy. While translation of most mRNAs takes place through cap‐dependent mechanisms, a sub‐population of cellular mRNA species, particularly stress‐inducible mRNAs with highly structured 5'‐UTR regions, are primarily translated through cap‐independent mechanisms. Intriguingly, many of these mRNAs encode proteins that are involved in tumour cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress, and thus linked to aggressive behaviour including tumour invasion and metastasis. This necessitates a rigorous search for links between microenvironmental stress and aggressive tumour phenotypes. Under stress, cells block global protein synthesis to preserve energy while maintaining selective synthesis of proteins that support cell survival. One highly conserved mechanism to regulate protein synthesis under cell stress is to sequester mRNAs into cytosolic aggregates called stress granules (SGs), where their translation is silenced. SGs confer survival advantages and chemotherapeutic resistance to tumour cells under stress. Recently, it has been shown that genetically blocking SG formation dramatically reduces tumour invasive and metastatic capacity in vivo. Therefore, targeting SG formation might represent a potential treatment strategy to block cancer metastasis. Here, we present the critical link between selective mRNA translation, stress adaptation, SGs, and tumour progression. Further, we also explain how deciphering mechanisms of selective mRNA translation occurs under cell stress holds great promise for the identification of new targets in the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase 1 trial of ontuxizumab (MORAb‐004) in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Phase 1 Pilot Consortium (ADVL1213)
Authors: Norris Robin E. , Fox Elizabeth , Reid Joel M. , Ralya Andrew , Liu Xiaowei W. , Minard Charles , Weigel Brenda J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundOntuxizumab is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that targets the cell‐surface glycoprotein endosialin (tumor endothelial marker‐1[TEM‐1]/CD248) found on activated mesenchymal cells and certain tumors. Ontuxizumab binding to endosialin may interfere with platelet‐derived growth factor signaling, prevent tumor stroma organization, and prevent new vessel formation.MethodsOntuxizumab was administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28‐day cycle at three dose levels (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg). Further dose escalation to 16 mg/kg was planned if the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached and the ontuxizumab systemic clearance was ≥30% higher in children compared to adults. Following determination of the MTD/recommended phase 2 dose, an additional cohort of six patients (<12 years) was enrolled for further pharmacokinetics (PK) evaluation.ResultsTwenty‐seven eligible patients (17 male, median age 15 years, range 3–21 years) were enrolled. Twenty‐two patients (neuroblastoma [5], Ewing sarcoma [4], rhabdomyosarcoma [4], and other tumors [9]) were fully evaluable for toxicity. Five patients did not complete cycle 1 due to tumor progression. Two of 10 patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicity of bacteremia (n = 1) and hyponatremia (n = 1) at 12 mg/kg. Grade ≤2 fever or infusion‐related reactions occurred in 10 patients. Clearance was dose dependent and within 30% of adult value at 12 mg/kg.ConclusionOntuxizumab administered weekly at 12 mg/kg appears to be well tolerated in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. The PK of ontuxizumab does not appear to be significantly different in children compared to adults.
Kosmischer Steinschlag
Authors: Rumpf Clemens 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungEin Asteroideneinschlag hat das Ende der Dinosaurier eingeläutet. Besteht eine ähnliche Gefahr für uns heute? Tatsächlich kollidieren täglich Asteroiden mit der Erde. Dabei handelt es sich häufig nur um kleine Objekte, die Sternschnuppen produzieren. Was passiert aber, wenn die Asteroiden größer sind? Eine neue Studie erläutert, wie häufig solche Ereignisse vorkommen und welche Konsequenzen sie haben. Außerdem erklärt sie, welche Möglichkeiten des Selbstschutzes wir haben und wie Asteroiden für uns über die Einschlagsgefahr hinaus interessant sind.
Mit Lichtschrauben ans Quantenlimit
Authors: Fickler Robert , Krenn Mario , Zeilinger Anton 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungLicht erlaubt es, Quanteneffekte zwischen weit entfernten Systemen mit vielen Einstellmöglichkeiten zu präparieren. Dazu zählen auch „Lichtschrauben“ mit Bahndrehimpulsen hoher Quantenzahl. Mit speziellen Spiegeln wurden bereits Bahndrehimpulse mit Quantenzahlen bis zu 10 000 ħ erzeugt. Dies ist sogar bei einzelnen Photonen möglich. Damit ist eine Form der Quantenverschränkung nutzbar, welche die Bahndrehimpuls‐Quantenzahl eines Photons mit der Polarisation eines Partnerphotons verschränkt. Bei hoher Drehimpulsquantenzahl lässt sich in einem solchen Paar entsprechend viel Quanteninformation speichern. Diese Verschränkung bleibt sogar bei der Übertragung über große Distanzen in Luft erhalten. Sie könnte damit die Bandbreite der Freiluft‐Quanteninformationsübertragung erheblich steigern.
Brillantes Röntgenlicht
Authors: Decking Winfried , Weise Hans , Flegel Ilka 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungAnfang September 2017 wurde bei Hamburg der 3,4 km lange Röntgenlaser European XFEL eröffnet. Als eine der größten Forschungsanlagen der Welt setzt der Freie‐Elektronen‐Laser Maßstäbe bei der Erzeugung höchst brillanter Photonenstrahlen. Ihre Wellenlängen liegen im Subnanometer‐Bereich. Die Anlage besitzt den längsten supraleitenden Linearbeschleuniger der Welt. In ihm kommt modernste Beschleunigertechnologie zum Einsatz. Zahlreiche Partner realisierten den European XFEL als internationales Gemeinschaftsprojekt.
Ru(II)‐η6‐benzene Complexes of Dibenzosuberenyl Appended Aroyl/Acylthiourea Ligands: In vitro Biomolecular Interaction Studies and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Rohini Gandhaveeti , Haribabu Jebiti , Sheeba Mani M. , K. N. Aneesrahman , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Balachandran Chandrasekhar , Karvembu Ramasamy , Sreekanth Anandaram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of novel N‐dibenzosuberene appended aroyl/acylthiourea ligands (L1‐L4) and their Ru(II)‐benzene complexes (1‐4), [RuCl2(η6‐benzene)L] (L=monodentate aroyl/acylthiourea ligand) was synthesized and well characterized. The coordination mode of aroyl/acylthiourea ligand with Ru ion through S (neutral monodentate) donor atom was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In vitro Calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) interaction of the complexes were investigated by UV‐Visible, fluorescence spectroscopic and hydrodynamic methods. The results showed the intercalative mode of binding (in the order of 1 > 4 > 3 > 2) of the Ru(II)‐benzene complexes with CT‐DNA. The DNA (pUC19) cleavage study showed that the complexes cleaved DNA through a hydrolytic pathway. All the complexes have been thoroughly screened for their cytotoxicity against human liver carcinoma (HepG‐2) and lung cancer (A549) cells under in vitro conditions. Complex 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (IC50=46.1 μM) towards HepG‐2 cancer cell line. In addition to this, the prepared complexes have been utilized as catalyst precursors for transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketones, aldehydes and nitro compounds using 2‐propanol as a hydrogen source. The TH reactions proceeded with exceptional conversions (up to 99%) and the present catalytic system was extended to substituted aromatic/heterocyclic carbonyl and nitro compounds.
Effect of Retro‐Inverso Isomer of Bradykinin on Size‐Dependent Penetration of Blood–Brain Tumor Barrier
Authors: Su Bingxia , Wang Ruifeng , Xie Zuoxu , Ruan Huitong , Li Jichen , Xie Cao , Lu Weiyue , Wang Jing , Wang Dongli , Liu Min 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRetro‐inverso bradykinin (RI‐BK) has better metabolic stability and higher affinity for the BK type 2 (B2) receptor, compared with bradykinin. At low doses, RI‐BK can selectively enhance the permeability of the blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB) without harming normal brain tissue. In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of size ranging from 5 to 90 nm are synthesized to assess the optimal size of nanocarriers that achieves maximum brain accumulation after the treatment of RI‐BK. The ability of the GNPs to cross the BBTB is tested in a rat C6 glioma tumor model. The results of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy indicate that GNPs with size of 70 nm achieve maximum permeability to the glioma. The present study supports the conclusion that RI‐BK can enhance the permeability of BBTB and provides fundamental information for further development of nanomedicines or nanoprobes for glioma therapy.
Assembly and Self‐Assembly of Nanomembrane Materials—From 2D to 3D
Authors: Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNanoscience and nanotechnology offer great opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical applications, which require precise control of building blocks with micro/nanoscale resolution in both individual and mass‐production ways. The recent and intensive nanotechnology development gives birth to a new focus on nanomembrane materials, which are defined as structures with thickness limited to about one to several hundred nanometers and with much larger (typically at least two orders of magnitude larger, or even macroscopic scale) lateral dimensions. Nanomembranes can be readily processed in an accurate manner and integrated into functional devices and systems. In this Review, a nanotechnology perspective of nanomembranes is provided, with examples of science and applications in semiconductor, metal, insulator, polymer, and composite materials. Assisted assembly of nanomembranes leads to wrinkled/buckled geometries for flexible electronics and stacked structures for applications in photonics and thermoelectrics. Inspired by kirigami/origami, self‐assembled 3D structures are constructed via strain engineering. Many advanced materials have begun to be explored in the format of nanomembranes and extend to biomimetic and 2D materials for various applications. Nanomembranes, as a new type of nanomaterials, allow nanotechnology in a controllable and precise way for practical applications and promise great potential for future nanorelated products.