bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Benzilaminopurin dan Boron Terhadap Pembungaan, Viabilitas Serbuk Sari, Produksi, dan Mutu Benih Bawang Merah di Dataran Rendah
Authors: Rosliani Rini , Palupi Endah Retno , Hilman Yusdar 
Published: September 2016

<p>Biji botani atau TSS (<em>true shallots seed</em>) merupakan salah satu sumber benih bawang merah yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan perbanyakan. Selama ini produksi TSS dilakukan di dataran tinggi. Dataran rendah dengan suhu yang tinggi tidak sesuai untuk menghasilkan pembungaan, namun ada indikasi bahwa dataran rendah menghasilkan pembentukan dan mutu benih TSS yang lebih baik dibandingkan dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk memproduksi benih bawang merah (TSS) di dataran rendah melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari menggunakan BAP dan boron. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Wera, Subang, Jawa Barat (ketinggian 100 m dpl.), dari Bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu aplikasi benzilaminopurin atau BAP (0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 ppm) dan boron (0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kg/ha). Aplikasi BAP diberikan tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST), dan boron pada umur 3, 5, dan 7 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah, tetapi tidak meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih TSS di dataran rendah Subang. Aplikasi BAP konsentrasi 50 ppm yang diaplikasikan pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 MST cukup memadai untuk meningkatkan pembungaan bawang merah di dataran rendah Subang. Sementara boron tidak memperbaiki tingkat pembungaan maupun produksi dan mutu benih TSS. Boron 4 kg/ha hanya dapat memperbaiki viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa ada peluang untuk memperbaiki tingkat pembungaan yang lebih tinggi di dataran rendah, sedangkan tantangannya ialah peningkatan pembentukan kapsul/buah dan biji TSS.</p>
Teknik Aplikasi Benzilaminopurin dan Pemeliharaan Jumlah Umbel Per Tanaman untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Botani Bawang Merah (True Shallot Seed) di Dataran Tinggi
Authors: Rosliani Rini , Sinaga Risma , Hilman Yusdar , Hidayat Iteu Margaret 
Published: September 2016

<p>Pembungaan dan pembentukan biji merupakan kendala dalam produksi benih true shallot seed (TSS) di Indonesia. Aplikasi benzilaminopurin (BAP) dan boron dapat meningkatkan pembungaan, viabilitas serbuk sari maupun produksi, dan mutu benih TSS. Teknik aplikasi BAP yang efisien belum diketahui, sementara jumlah umbel dalam satu tanaman diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya persaingan dalam pembentukan kapsul dan biji. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mendapatkan teknik pemberian BAP dan pemeliharaan jumlah umbel yang efisien dalam meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih TSS di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Lembang (1.250 m dpl.), pada bulan Maret sampai dengan September 2013 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu aplikasi BAP 37,5 ppm melalui (1) teknik penyiraman BAP tiga kali, (2) kombinasi teknik aplikasi BAP dengan perendaman + penyiraman dua kali, dan (3) teknik perendaman umbi bibit sebelum tanam, sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu pemeliharaan jumlah umbel per tanaman dengan perlakuan (1) pemeliharaan semua umbel, (2) pemeliharaan tiga umbel pada bunga ke-1 sampai dengan ke-3, (3) pada bunga ke-2 sampai dengan ke-4, dan (4) pada bunga ke-3 sampai dengan ke-5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik aplikasi BAP melalui perendaman saja dan perendaman + penyiraman dua kali umur 1 dan 3 minggu setelah tanam (MST) menghasilkan produksi kapsul dan produksi TSS lebih efisien daripada teknik penyiraman tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 MST. Teknik aplikasi BAP melalui perendaman + penyiraman dua kali umur 3 dan 5 MST 30% lebih efisien dan 60% lebih efektif dalam memproduksi TSS daripada teknik penyiraman tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 MST. Namun daya berkecambah pada teknik perendaman + penyiraman lebih rendah daripada penyiraman tiga kali maupun perendaman saja. Pemeliharaan tiga umbel ke-1 sampai dengan ke-3 menghasilkan produksi dan mutu setara dengan pemeliharaan semua umbel. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah teknik produksi TSS yang efisien di dataran tinggi akan mudah dikembangkan oleh pengguna (petani/penangkar benih).</p>
Repelensi Minyak Atsiri Tehadap Hama Gudang Bawang
Authors: Hasyim Ahsol , Setiawati Wiwin , Jayanti Hadis , Krestini E H 
Published: September 2016

<p>Minyak atsiri yang berasal dari tanaman adalah salah satu bahan yang dapat berfungsi seperti fumigan dan mempunyai prospek untuk digunakan dalam melindungi produk yang disimpan di gudang penyimpanan. Minyak atsiri harus mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengusir serangga hama agar serangga tidak masuk ke dalam umbi bawang merah yang disimpan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap aktivitas biologi serangga dewasa dan larva hama gudang bawang <em>Ephestia cautella</em>. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2012 pada temperatur 27± 2C dan kelembaban 75–80%. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahapan kegiatan. Penelitian pertama untuk mengetahui repelensi minyak atsiri terhadap serangga dewasa <em>E. cautella</em>, penelitian kedua untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap penghambatan peneluran imago betina <em>E. cautella</em>, penelitian ketiga untuk mengetahui repelensi larva <em>E. cautella</em> terhadap minyak atsiri, dan penelitian keempat untuk mengetahui pengaruh atsiri terhadap indeks nutrisi larva <em>E. cautella</em> instar-3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah rancangan acak kelompok terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode pencelupan (<em>dipping methods</em>). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa minyak <em>eucalyptus</em> memiliki persentase repelensi imago <em>E. cautella</em> tertinggi mencapai 46% pada 24 jam setelah aplikasi. Penghambatan peneluran <em>E. cautella</em> pada semua perlakuan minyak atsiri menunjukkan persentase lebih dari 75% dan tidak berbeda nyata tetapi minyak atsiri kayu manis memiliki nilai persentase penghambatan peneluran tertinggi mencapai 85,23%. Perlakuan minyak atsiri akar wangi pada pengamatan repelensi larva <em>E. cautella</em> menunjukkan persentase tertinggi (50%) dengan kelas repelensi 3. Pengaruh minyak atsiri jeruk purut terhadap indeks nutrisi larva <em>E.cautella</em> menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri ini dibandingkan dengan minyak atsiri lainnya, mampu menghambat penyerapan nutrisi larva sehingga dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan larva, dengan nilai laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR) 0,11 mg/mg/hari. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah dapat menambah informasi tentang kemampuan minyak atsiri dari bahan <em>eucalyptus</em>, serai wangi, akar wangi, kayu manis, dan jeruk purut sebagai sumber insektisida alami yang dapat digunakan secara aman, murah, dan ramah lingkungan dalam upaya pengendalian hama gudang bawang merah <em>E. cautella</em>. </p>
Respons Jenis Perangsang Tumbuh Berbahan Alami dan Asal Setek Batang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tin (Ficus carica L.)
Authors: Marpaung Agustina E , Hutabarat Rina Christina 
Published: September 2016

<p>Perbanyakan tanaman tin pada umumnya dilakukan dengan setek batang. Penanaman setek batang tanpa perlakuan menghasilkan persentasi jadi bibit yang relatif rendah sehingga diperlukan suatu perlakuan yang tepat pada setek sebagai sumber bibit yang dapat meningkatkan persentase jadi bibit. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan alami dan asal setek batang terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tin. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 m dpl. jenis tanah Andisol yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni sampai November 2011. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua ulangan. Sebagai faktor I adalah jenis bahan alami yang terdiri atas a0= air, a1=air kelapa 100%, a2= air kelapa 50%, a3= sari bawang merah 100%, a4= sari bawang merah 50%, dan a5= pembanding (Rootone-F 100 ppm), sedangkan faktor II adalah asal setek bibit yang terdiri atas i1 = pangkal batang, i2 = tengah batang, dan i3= ujung batang. Sumber bibit berasal dari satu pohon induk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh nyata perlakuan asal setek batang pada setiap parameter yang diamati, tidak terdapat interaksi antara jenis bahan alami dan asal setek tanaman bibit tin. Jenis bahan alami air kelapa 50% menghasilkan waktu bertunas lebih cepat, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, panjang, dan bobot basah akar yang tinggi. Bahan alami air kelapa 50% dapat menggantikan perangsang akar sintetis sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh pada setek batang tin. Hasil dari penelitian akan bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan persentase jadi perbanyakan bibit tin melalui setek batang dengan <br />menggunakan bahan alami sebagai perangsang tumbuh.</p>
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Evaluasi Daya Hasil Sayuran Polong Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC)
Authors: Handayani Tri , Kusmana Kusmana , Lukman Liferdi , Hidayat Iteu M 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRAK. Tanaman kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai jenis sayuran polong. Selama ini, budidaya tanaman kecipir dilakukan secara tradisional sehingga informasi mengenai produksi dan keunggulannya masih sangat terbatas. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran memiliki koleksi kecipir yang memperlihatkan keragaman morfologi maupun produksi polongnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data karakterisasi tujuh nomor kecipir dan mendapatkan sedikitnya satu nomor kecipir yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2013 di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu, Lembang (1.250 m dpl.). Tujuh nomor kecipir ditanam dengan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap, dengan lima ulangan. Karakterisasi dilakukan mengikuti AVRDC GRSU characterization data sheet. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa tujuh nomor kecipir seragam untuk karakter warna batang (hijau), warna daun (hijau), warna kaliks (hijau), warna bunga (ungu), dan bercak pada polong (tidak ada). Keragaman muncul pada karakter bentuk anak daun, bentuk polong, warna polong, dan warna sayap polong. Anak daun berbentuk ovate lanceolate (KCP A), ovate (KCP C dan KCP D), dan deltoid (KCP B, KCP E, KCP F, dan KCP G). Polong KCP C berbentuk semi datar, sedangkan enam nomor lainnya berbentuk rectangular. Produksi polong muda tertinggi dihasilkan oleh KCP C, yaitu jumlah polong per tanaman (62,84), berat polong per tanaman (800,04 g), dan berat polong per plot (7,82 kg). Keunggulan lain KCP C adalah kandungan serat polong mudanya tertinggi dibanding nomor lain, yaitu 2,89%.
A Model–Data Fusion Approach for Predicting Cover Crop Nitrogen Supply to Corn
Authors: White Charles M. , Finney Denise M. , Kemanian Armen R. , Kaye Jason P. 
Published: September 2016

One potential benefit of cover crops (CCs) is that N mineralization from decomposing CC residues may reduce the N fertilizer requirement of a subsequent crop, but predicting this credit remains a significant challenge. This study used a model–data fusion approach to calibrate a model of CC residue N mineralization and pre‐emptive competition for soil NO3− that occurs during CC growth to predict the yield response of an unfertilized corn (Zea mays L.) crop. The model was calibrated with a data set of 199 observations from four CC experiments in central Pennsylvania. The most parsimonious model explained 82% of the variation in corn yield response. Parameters representing the C humification coefficients for decomposed residues from winterkilled (εwk = 0.00) and winter‐hardy (εwh = 0.40) CCs suggest that all winterkilled CCs resulted in net N mineralization, probably due to the longer period of time for decomposition of winterkilled residues. However, the yield response per unit of potentially mineralized N was greater for winter‐hardy CCs (αwh = 0.034 with tillage, αwh = 0.020 with no‐till) than for winterkilled CCs (αwk = 0.0084), probably due to the improved synchrony between corn N demand and the decomposition of winter‐hardy CC residues relative to winterkilled residues. Pre‐emptive competition for soil NO3− led to a reduction in the corn yield response. Because the model is based on ecological processes and can be calibrated with data sets from simple field experiments, the model–data fusion approach could be widely used to guide adaptive management of CCs and N fertilizer applications in a subsequent corn crop.Core Ideas

A simple model predicts how cover crops affect N availability to the next corn crop.
The model highlights the ecological controls on N supply from cover crops.
Site‐specific cover crop measurements can guide adaptive N management using the model.
Regional model calibration could be achieved with easily collected data.
Visualization of Colloid Transport Pathways in Mineral Soils Using Titanium(IV) Oxide as a Tracer
Authors: Koch Stefan , Kahle Petra , Lennartz Bernd 
Published: September 2016

In soils, colloidal transport has been identified as the most important pathway for strong adsorbing, environmental contaminants like pesticides, heavy metals, and phosphorus. We conducted a comparative dye tracer experiment using a Brilliant Blue (BB) solution and a Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) colloid suspension (average particle size 0.3 μm), aiming to visualize and quantify colloid pathways in soils. Both dye tracers showed comparable general flow patterns with preferred transport over the deepest part of the soil profile, independent of clay content. The stained area was generally smaller for TiO2 than for BB by a factor of ten, however, and there was no TiO2 to be found at all in the low clay content soil. The travel distance was almost identical for the solution and the suspension (0.7 m) giving evidence that environmentally critical compounds bound to microparticles may be vertically transported over longer distances in soils, even within single rainfall events. The spatial variability of the dye patterns was large on a small scale with a range of 0.35 m for TiO2 in the horizontal plane, which was taken as a general proof for a pronounced preferential transport situation. The study indicates that TiO2 is transported exclusively through singular macropores of biogenetic nature, while BB passes also through the soil matrix of coarse‐bedded soils, the secondary pore system or interaggregate pore space. The results emphasize the general suitability of TiO2 for the visualization of colloid transport pathways in soils, opening up new research opportunities for contaminant transport in soils.Core Ideas
Colloidal transport is the most important pathway for strong adsorbing contaminants in soils.
TiO2 is a suitable tracer to visualize colloid pathways in mineral soils.
The distribution of colloid dye tracer can be explained as a function of clay and silt content.
TiO2 is exclusively transported in singular macropores rather than along soil ped interfaces.
How Ionic Polarization Affects Stern Potential: An Insight into Hofmeister Effects
Authors: Liu Xinmin , Ding Wuquan , Tian Rui , Li Rui , Li Hang 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
A novel model is presented that estimates Stern potential at the solid–liquid interface.
The strong polarization of ions is an important factor in Stern potential decrease.
This strong polarization is an important origin of Hofmeister effects.
The Stern potential of nano‐colloidal particles in aqueous solution has significant effects on chemical, physical, and biological processes. In this study, a modified theory for the Stern potential considering ionic polarization was established, and then the contributions of the ionic polarization to the Stern potential were quantified. The ionic polarization was strongly enhanced by the strong electric field from the surface charges of nano‐colloidal particles. The polarization energy (depending on the structure of the electron cloud) could even be comparable with the Coulomb energy; the ratio of polarization to Coulomb effect is 11.0% for Na+, 69.9% for K+, 34.0% for Mg2+ and 103.4% for Ca2+. The ionic polarization at solid–liquid interfaces dramatically decreased the Stern potential. An important origin of Hofmeister effects was found and successfully verified by experiments.
O DESAPARECIMENTO FORÇADO E A ABERTURA PARA A DEMOCRACIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Reis da Silva Douglas Tarcisio 
Published: September 2016

<p>O presente estudo se volta ao fenômeno do desaparecimento forçado de pessoas e a sua relação com o processo de abertura para a democracia nos países latino-americanos. Objetiva-se entender o papel da referida prática dentro do aparelho repressivo dos Estados totalitários, bem como identificar as vítimas de tal violação. Após isso, analisam-se os desafios enfrentados pelos organismos internacionais para a erradicação do desaparecimento forçado dentro dos três momentos históricos: ditaduras, transição para a democracia e consolidação das democracias recentes. Dessa forma, busca-se um melhor entendimento sobre o fenômeno do desaparecimento forçado na América Latina, bem como a relação entre a sua erradicação e o processo de abertura e consolidação das democracias na região.</p> <p> </p>
O aluno de pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil: revisão da literatura dos últimos 20 anos
Authors: Caetano Silva Talita , Patta Bardagi Marúcia 
Published: September 2016

O crescimento da pós-graduação no Brasil e a procura de pós-graduandos por intervenções de carreira ampliaram o interesse em se compreenderem as escolhas, as expectativas e as dificuldades desses estudantes. Esta revisão de literatura descreve os estudos brasileiros sobre os alunos de pós-graduação stricto sensu publicados nos últimos 20 anos para verificar os principais aspectos investigados sobre essa população. Por meio de pesquisas em bases de dados (SciELO, BDTD, Lilacs e BVS), foram identificadas e analisadas 35 publicações. Constatou-se que há concentração de publicações na área da Saúde, equilíbrio entre estudos qualitativos e quantitativos, além do foco na avaliação do aluno sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem na pós-graduação. Há necessidade de estudos que investiguem o desenvolvimento de carreiras e a adaptação acadêmica dos pós-graduandos. Ainda, devido à especificidade da formação, é preciso diversificar as áreas nas futuras investigações acerca do tema.
Dutch Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Lysholm Score and Tegner Activity Scale for Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Eshuis Rienk , Lentjes Gijsbertus Wilhelmus , Tegner Yelverton , Wolterbeek Nienke , Veen Maurits Remmelt 
Published: September 2016

Study Design Clinical measurement. Background The Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale are frequently used patient-reported instruments to determine the functional status and activity level after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Objectives To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for use in the Dutch population and to evaluate the reliability and validity of these questionnaires in individuals after ACL reconstruction. Methods The translation and adaptation were conducted in several steps according to the guidelines in the literature. The measurement properties of the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale (internal consistency, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effects) were tested in 96 patients. Reproducibility was tested in 69 patients with ACL injuries. On the first occasion, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC) and RAND 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36) were also administered. Results The Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale showed good test-retest reliability between repeated measures (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93 and 0.97, respectively) and reasonable to good internal consistency (Cronbach α = .70–.83). The Lysholm score had a very strong correlation with the IKDC (r = 0.83, P<.01) and moderate correlation with the RAND-36 (r = 0.55, P<.01). The Tegner activity scale had moderate correlations with both the IKDC (r = 0.42, P<.01) and RAND-36 (r = 0.48, P<.01). Conclusion The psychometric performance of the Lysholm score and the Tegner activity scale as outcome measures for Dutch patients after ACL reconstruction is acceptable. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(11):976–983. Epub 28 Sep 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6566
A Standardized “Rescue” Exercise Program for Symptomatic Flare-up of Knee Osteoarthritis: Description and Safety Considerations
Authors: Bartholdy Cecilie , Klokker Louise , Bandak Elisabeth , Bliddal Henning , Henriksen Marius 
Published: September 2016

Study Design Secondary analysis of clinical trial data. Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) management has changed significantly over recent decades toward nonpharmacological treatments, particularly exercise. However, the optimal exercise program remains to be established. Objective To describe the implementation of standardized rescue exercises for patients with pain exacerbations and to assess whether performing these benefit or further worsen symptoms in patients with exacerbated symptoms of knee OA. Methods The data from 2 randomized controlled studies of exercise in patients with knee OA were used. A supervised, standard exercise program that included standardized “rescue” exercises to be performed in the event of symptomatic exacerbation, defined as knee pain of greater than 5 on a 0-to-10 numeric pain-rating scale, was conducted for 12 weeks at 3 sessions per week. Pain ratings were obtained before and after each exercise session. Results Of 131 participants included, 2 never commenced the exercise program, leaving 129 to be included in the analysis. The analysis was observational and thus had no comparison group. During the program, 36 participants (28%) were referred to the rescue exercises. In 63% of the rescue sessions, the participants experienced decreased pain intensity (average ± SD, −2.6 ± 2.3), 27% reported no change in pain, and 10% reported increased pain intensity (average ± SD, 1.3 ± 0.5). Conclusion Having a predefined and standardized rescue exercise option appears beneficial, and did not result in further worsening of exacerbated knee OA symptoms. The intervention may be particularly relevant for patients with knee OA who have more severe symptoms. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01545258 and NCT01945749). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(11):942–946. Epub 28 Sep 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6908
Developing a multifunctional bio-ceramics composite based on β-tricalcium phosphate working as a single carrier for calcium supplement and low-dose drugs
Authors: Morsy Reda 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a multifunctional composite based on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) working as a single carrier that has a therapeutic function, as a calcium supplement, together with the capability for carrying low-dose drugs. The composite was prepared by blending synthetic β-TCP powder, sodium silicate, and citric acid. The synthetic β-TCP and its composite were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Mechanical testing and in-vitro drug release testing, using atenolol, of the fabricated tablets was conducted. The results revealed the synthesis of pure β-TCP powder and fabrication of optimal dense β-TCP-based composite. The β-TCP-based composite exhibited an optimal release behavior of atenolol together with releasing of synthetic β-TCP particles, a calcium supplement.