bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How I manage patients with cold agglutinin disease
Authors: Berentsen Sigbjørn 
Published: January 2018

SummaryCold agglutinin disease (CAD) is an uncommon autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in which a well‐defined, clonal low‐grade lymphoproliferative disorder of the bone marrow results in erythrocyte destruction mediated by the classical complement pathway. The pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnostic criteria are reviewed. Although anaemia is mild in some patients, approximately one‐third of untreated patients have a haemoglobin level of ≤80 g/l, and about 50% have been considered transfusion dependent for shorter or longer periods. Therapy has improved greatly during the last 15 years. Mild disease can be managed by avoidance of cold and adequate precautions in specific situations, without drug therapy. Corticosteroids should not be used to treat CAD. Patients requiring pharmacological therapy should be considered for prospective trials. Outside clinical studies, the rituximab‐bendamustine combination or rituximab monotherapy is recommended in the first line, depending on individual patient characteristics. Second‐line options are rituximab‐fludarabine in fit patients or, although less strongly documented, a bortezomib‐based regimen. Therapies targeting the classical complement pathway are promising, and the complement C1s inhibitor, BIVV009, has shown favourable results in preliminary studies.
Full‐thickness neorectal prolapse after transanal transabdominal proctosigmoidectomy for low rectal cancer: a cohort study
Authors: Guraieb‐Trueba M. , Helber A. R. , Marks J. H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTransanal transabdominal proctosigmoidectomy (TATA) with a coloanal anastomosis is an alternative to abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APR) for low rectal cancer. Neorectal prolapse is an unusual complication following TATA. This study aimed to determine the incidence of neorectal prolapse after TATA for low rectal cancer.MethodThis cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral colorectal centre. From a prospectively maintained database including 1093 patients treated for rectal cancer between 1984 and 2016 we identified those who underwent sphincter‐preserving surgery. Data regarding the incidence, management and outcomes of neorectal prolapse were analysed.ResultsA total of 409 patients were identified, of whom 185 underwent open surgery and 224 a minimally invasive surgical procedure (MIS). All received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Neorectal prolapse occurred in 4.6% (n = 19) with an incidence of 2.2% in the open and 6.7% in the MIS group (P = 0.023), with no difference between MIS techniques. There was one recurrence of neorectal prolapse (5.9%). The incidence of neorectal prolapse was higher in women (9.5%) than men (2.5%) (P = 0.011). There were no differences in local recurrence rates between the neorectal prolapse group (5.3%) and our population without prolapse (3.4%) (P = 0.79).ConclusionNeorectal prolapse is a rare occurrence following minimally invasive sphincter‐saving surgical procedures performed for rectal cancer. It appears to be more frequent in patients who undergo MIS procedures and in women.
Foraging preferences of leafcutter bees in three contrasting geographical zones
Authors: Sinu Palatty Allesh , Bronstein Judith L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimLeafcutter bees use plants as pollen and nectar sources, but also cut leaf discs and use them to line their nests. Which plant species they choose as nesting material and why they do so have remained obscure. We asked the following: (1) How are the plant species used by leafcutter bees distributed phylogenetically? (2) Does plant choice differ across geographical regions, and if so, in what ways? (3) Are the leaf plant species natives or exotics? (4) What plant and leaf traits predict selection of plant species by leafcutter bees? And (5) Does the abundance of individuals per species in the habitat influence leafcutter bees’ plant preferences?LocationTropical South Asia, temperate eastern Canada and US Sonoran DesertMethodsWe mapped taxa known to be used by leafcutter bees both from our own study and published literature onto the most recent angiosperm phylogeny. To determine what plant and leaf traits predict leaf selection, we monitored 6,120 individuals of 214 native and exotic plant species planted in a 3‐sq. km. arboretum in Arizona and recorded leaf damage inflicted by bees.ResultsMegachile showed a strong preference for species in the rosid clade, particularly the phylogenetic cluster of Fabales, Fagales and Rosales. Thirty‐two to forty‐five percentage of the leaf plant species were exotic to a given region. Membership in the rosid clade and Fabaceae family predicted plant preference, whereas the plant species’ local abundance and geographical origin did not. Leaf water content, morphotype and the presence of latex were important factors influencing plant choice, whereas leaf shape and size did not.Main conclusionThese patterns point to plant groups whose availability should be monitored to assure persistence of leafcutter bees. Their preference for specific globally distributed plant clades, yet ability to readily adopt certain exotic plant species as nest resources, likely augments their ability to persist.
Infants born preterm, stress, and neurodevelopment in the neonatal intensive care unit: might music have an impact?
Authors: Anderson Dane E , Patel Aniruddh D 
Published: January 2018

AimThe neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) provides life‐saving medical care for an increasing number of newborn infants each year. NICU care, while lifesaving, does have attendant consequences which can include repeated activation of the stress response and reduced maternal interaction, with possible negative long‐term impacts on brain development. Here we present a neuroscientific framework for considering the impact of music on neurodevelopment in the NICU of infants born preterm and evaluate current literature on the use of music with this population to determine what is most reliably known of the physiological effects of music interventions.MethodUsing online academic databases we collected relevant, experimental studies aimed at determining effects of music listening in infants in the NICU. These articles were evaluated for methodological rigor, ranking the 10 most experimentally stringent as a representative sample.ResultsThe selected literature seems to indicate that effects are present on the cardio‐pulmonary system and behavior of neonates, although the relative effect size remains unclear.InterpretationThese findings indicate a need for more standardized longitudinal studies aimed at determining not only whether NICU music exposure has beneficial effects on the cardio‐pulmonary system, but also on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, brain structures, and cognitive behavioral status of these children as well.What this paper adds

Provides a neuroscience framework for considering how music might attenuate stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants.

Considers how repeated stress may cause negative neurodevelopmental impacts in infants born preterm.

Posits epigenetics can serve as a mechanistic pathway for music moderating the stress response.
White matter microstructural organisation of interhemispheric pathways predicts different stages of bimanual coordination learning in young and older adults
Authors: Zivari Adab Hamed , Chalavi Sima , Beets Iseult A. M. , Gooijers Jolien , Leunissen Inge , Cheval Boris , Collier Quinten , Sijbers Jan , Jeurissen Ben , Swinnen Stephan P. , Boisgontier Matthieu P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ability to learn new motor skills is crucial for activities of daily living, especially in older adults. Previous work in younger adults has indicated fast and slow stages for motor learning that were associated with changes in functional interactions within and between brain hemispheres. However, the impact of the structural scaffolds of these functional interactions on different stages of motor learning remains elusive. Using diffusion‐weighted imaging and probabilistic constrained spherical deconvolution‐based tractography, we reconstructed transcallosal white matter pathways between the left and right primary motor cortices (M1–M1), left dorsal premotor cortex and right primary motor cortex (LPMd–RM1) and right dorsal premotor cortex and left primary motor cortex (RPMd–LM1) in younger and older adults trained in a set of bimanual coordination tasks. We used fractional anisotropy (FA) to assess microstructural organisation of the reconstructed white matter pathways. Older adults showed lower behavioural performance than younger adults and improved their performance more in the fast but less in the slow stage of learning. Linear mixed models predicted that individuals with higher FA of M1–M1 pathways improve more in the fast but less in the slow stage of bimanual learning. Individuals with higher FA of RPMd–LM1 improve more in the slow but less in the fast stage of bimanual learning. These predictions did not differ significantly between younger and older adults suggesting that, in both younger and older adults, the M1–M1 and RPMd–LM1 pathways are important for the fast and slow stage of bimanual learning, respectively.
Random size‐assortative mating despite size‐dependent fecundity in a Neotropical amphibian with explosive reproduction
Authors: Székely Diana , Székely Paul , Denoël Mathieu , Cogălniceanu Dan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSexual selection theory predicts that, when body size is correlated with fecundity, there should be fitness advantages for mate choice of the largest females. Moreover, because larger males are expected to monopolise the largest females, this should result in an assortative mating based on body size. Although such patterns could be expected in both explosive and prolonged breeders, non‐assortative mating should be more widespread in species under time constraints. However, patterns of sexual selection are largely unexplored in explosive breeding species, and contrasting patterns have been found previously. We expect that the active choice of partners may be particularly risky when the time period during which sexual partners are available is severely limited. Therefore, to avoid missing an entire reproductive act, males and females should pair irrespective of traits, such as body size. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the mating patterns of the Pacific horned toad, Ceratophrys stolzmanni, a short‐lived fossorial species inhabiting Neotropical dry forests. This species is particularly adequate to test our prediction because it reproduces explosively over the course of a single night per year. Although the number of eggs laid was proportional to the size of females, and individuals of both sexes showed variation in body size, there was no assortative mating based either on size, body condition or age of mates. Egg size was not influenced by either female size or clutch size. The larger body size of females compared to males is likely due to fecundity selection, that is, the selective pressure that enhances reproductive output. Although we cannot dismiss the possibility that individuals could select their partners based on other criteria than those related to size or age, the results fit well our prediction, showing that the explosive breeding makes improbable an active choice of partners in both sexes and therefore favours a random mating pattern.
A Mamdani Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System for Improvement of Groundwater Vulnerability
Authors: Agoubi Belgacem , Dabbaghi Radhia , Kharroubi Adel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAssessing groundwater vulnerability is an important procedure for sustainable water management. Various methods have been developed for effective assessment of groundwater vulnerability and protection. However, each method has its own conditions of use and, in practice; it is difficult to return the same results for the same site. The research conceptualized and developed an improved DRASTIC method using Mamdani Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (M‐ANFIS‐DRASTIC). DRASTIC and M‐ANFIS‐DRASTIC were applied in the Jorf aquifer, southeastern Tunisia, and results were compared. Results confirm that M‐ANFIS‐DRASTIC combined with geostatistical tools is more powerful, generated more precise vulnerability classes with very low estimation variance. Fuzzy logic has a power to produce more realistic aquifer vulnerability assessments and introduces new ways of modeling in hydrogeology using natural human language expressed by logic rules.
Efficacy of the ProTaper retreatment system in removing Thermafil, GuttaCore or vertically compacted gutta‐percha from curved root canals assessed by micro‐CT
Authors: Rödig T. , Wagner J. , Wiegand A. , Rizk M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate ex vivo the efficacy of ProTaper Universal Retreatment files (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in removing Thermafil, GuttaCore (both Dentsply Sirona) or vertically compacted gutta‐percha from curved root canals using micro‐CT.MethodologySixty curved molar roots with the same mean canal curvatures and radii in two directions were prepared using ProFile instruments (Dentsply Sirona) to size 30 with .04 taper and obturated with either Thermafil, GuttaCore or vertically compacted gutta‐percha and AH Plus (n = 20). Specimens were retreated using the ProTaper Universal Retreatment files D1, D2 and D3 to working length, and root canal preparation was completed with ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona) to size ×4. Percentages of residual filling material and dentine removal were assessed using micro‐CT imaging. Working time and procedural errors were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests.ResultsNo significant differences between carrier‐based and warm vertical compaction regarding residual filling material (14.2–19.3%) and dentine removal (2.7–3.2 mm3) were detected (P > 0.05). Time to reach working length was significantly faster for canals filled with GuttaCore than that observed for Thermafil and warm vertical compaction (P < 0.05). Five lateral perforations with the D3 file occurred during retreatment, one in the Thermafil and four in the vertical compaction group.ConclusionsRemaining filling material and dentine removal were similar for all canal filling techniques. Regaining working length was significantly faster for GuttaCore compared with Thermafil and vertically compacted gutta‐percha. Procedural errors occurred during retreatment of severely curved root canals with the ProTaper Universal Retreatment files in 5 of 60 canals (8%).
Acute hypocalcaemia following denosumab in heart and lung transplant patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Shrosbree Julia E. , Elder Grahame J. , Eisman John A. , Center Jacqueline R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is highly prevalent in the heart and lung transplant population. Given high rates of concurrent renal impairment, there is increasing use of denosumab in this population. However, denosumab may be associated with hypocalcaemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).AimTo explore the risk of hypocalcaemia in a heart and lung transplant cohort prescribed denosumab for osteoporosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective database review of all surviving heart and lung transplant patients who had received denosumab for osteoporosis between January 2012 and November 2015. We assessed the rates of hypocalcaemia in this cohort and collected baseline clinical data to determine associated factors.ResultsTen patients received denosumab and had laboratory results available within 3 months of the dose. Of these, three patients developed severe (grade 4) hypocalcaemia, while two patients developed mild (grade 1) hypocalcaemia. In comparison to the five patients who remained normocalcaemic, patients with hypocalcaemia had significantly lower baseline mean estimated glomerular filtration rate but similar baseline mean corrected serum calcium. Unexpectedly, patients developing hypocalcaemia had non‐significantly higher levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and lower baseline doses of prednisone.ConclusionsIn heart and lung transplant patients, denosumab should be used judiciously in patients with advanced renal disease due to the risk of hypocalcaemia.
Potential impacts of poor communication on early diagnosis of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Cummins Denise , Waters Donna , Aggar Christina , O'Connor Catherine C 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo ascertain whether community‐based healthcare providers were collecting appropriate information to identify patients at risk of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder and whether related documentation was complete.BackgroundHIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder is a treatable neurological condition that can affect more than 20% of those infected with the HIV. Signs and symptoms of cognitive impairment may be subtle; therefore, documentation of medical and social information could be beneficial in identifying those at risk.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsAn audit of patient records was completed by two community‐based interdisciplinary teams with particular attention to the documentation of clinical and social indicators for those at risk of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder. Data were collected over weeks during 2015.ResultsData were retrieved from both electronic medical record systems and hard copy patient records. Documentation was incomplete in every patient record (N = 262), including the absence of important clinical data relating to nadir CD4 + T‐cell count (91%), HIV viral load (36%), current caregiver (19%), and living circumstances (14%). Up to 40% of recorded medications and results were unconfirmed by the person's medical practitioner.ConclusionPoor documentation can lead to incomplete information, which can delay early intervention for those at risk of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder. Collection and recording of patient data needs to be consistent, as complete documentation is essential for integrating care, provision of clinical support and, importantly, for identifying those at risk of developing HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder.
The competitive effects of S&P 500 Index revisions
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Syan , Lin Yueh‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFirms added to the S&P 500 Index gain a competitive advantage over their non‐S&P 500 industry competitors. They experience positive stock valuation effects at the expense of competitors. The inclusion is associated with both reductions in financial constraints and the cost of equity and increases in capital investment for the newly added firms. When the increase in capital investment is greater, they gain more market share and enjoy better valuation effects. Rivals’ share price responses are negatively related to the announcement effect of the newly added firm. Deletions from the index, however, do not have symmetric effects.
Within‐island diversification underlies parachuting frog (Rhacophorus) species accumulation on the Sunda Shelf
Authors: O'Connell Kyle A. , Smart Utpal , Smith Eric N. , Hamidy Amir , Kurniawan Nia , Fujita Matthew K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis study seeks to understand the geological and climatological processes that have promoted biodiversity on the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia. Using the parachuting frog genus Rhacophorus, we estimate divergence times and quantify the respective contributions of between and within‐island diversification to species richness and endemism.LocationEast and Southeast Asia, the Sunda Shelf.MethodsWe generated a concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence alignment for 40 species of Rhacophorus. We estimated phylogenetic relationships and divergence times, constructed lineage‐through‐time (LTT) plots and reconstructed ancestral ranges.ResultsWe found that Rhacophorus originated 33.0 Ma (95% HPD 27.0–38.0 Ma), and that the diversification rate slowed towards the present. Dispersal was important in early Rhacophorus evolution, but subsequent in situ diversification produced most species diversity on Sumatra and Borneo. Clades that diversified via in situ processes contained higher proportions of endemic species.Main conclusionsSpecies diversification on the Sunda Shelf is ancient and has occurred slowly. Both dispersal and in situ diversification have promoted Sundaland species accumulation, but within‐island phylogenesis has produced a greater proportion of endemic species on Sumatra and Borneo. Species richness and endemism are most influenced by the size of an island, rather than connectivity.
Nullius in Verba1: Advancing Data Transparency in Industrial Ecology
Authors: Hertwich Edgar , Heeren Niko , Kuczenski Brandon , Majeau‐Bettez Guillaume , Myers Rupert J. , Pauliuk Stefan , Stadler Konstantin , Lifset Reid 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWith the growth of the field of industrial ecology (IE), research and results have increased significantly leading to a desire for better utilization of the accumulated data in more sophisticated analyses. This implies the need for greater transparency, accessibility, and reusability of IE data, paralleling the considerable momentum throughout the sciences. The Data Transparency Task Force (DTTF) was convened by the governing council of the International Society for Industrial Ecology in late 2016 to propose best‐practice guidelines and incentives for sharing data. In this article, the members of the DTTF present an overview of developments toward transparent and accessible data within the IE community and more broadly. We argue that increased transparency, accessibility, and reusability of IE data will enhance IE research by enabling more detailed and reproducible research, and also facilitate meta‐analyses. These benefits will make the results of IE work more timely. They will enable independent verification of results, thus increasing their credibility and quality. They will also make the uptake of IE research results easier within IE and in other fields as well as by decision makers and sustainability practitioners, thus increasing the overall relevance and impact of the field. Here, we present two initial actions intended to advance these goals: (1) a minimum publication requirement for IE research to be adopted by the Journal of Industrial Ecology; and (2) a system of optional data openness badges rewarding journal articles that contain transparent and accessible data. These actions will help the IE community to move toward data transparency and accessibility. We close with a discussion of potential future initiatives that could build on the minimum requirements and the data openness badge system.