bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday Crafting of the Bolivarian State
Authors: Strønen Iselin Åsedotter 
Published: August 2016

Venezuela’s communal councils are legally sanctioned organs for popular participation implemented mostly in poor communities since 2006. The promotores integrales, lower-level state employees who assist the communal councils in their everyday work, serve as mediators between state policies and community politics, and study of their roles and perspectives provides important insights into the complexities of implementing policies of popular participation and transforming state practices in the context of radical social change. While the cultural politics and knowledges of the popular sectors have become imprinted on the Venezuelan state, attempts to change the state in accordance with Bolivarian ideology are subject to intense contestation and struggle. Los consejos comunales de Venezuela son órganos para la participación popular establecidos legalmente y puestos en práctica mayormente en comunidades pobres desde 2006. Los promotores integrales –empleados estatales de menor rango que ayudan a los consejos comunales en su trabajo diario –sirven como mediadores entre las políticas del estado y la política comunitaria. El estudio de sus roles y perspectivas nos ofrece importantes claves para comprender la complejidad de implementar políticas de participación popular y transformar las prácticas del estado en el contexto de un cambio social radical. Mientras que las políticas culturales y los saberes de los sectores populares han quedado grabados en el estado venezolano, los esfuerzos para cambiar al estado de acuerdo con la ideología bolivariana están sujetos a una intensa impugnación y luchas constantes.
Drainage Patterns to Nontraditional Nodal Regions and Level IIB in Cutaneous Head and Neck Malignancy
Authors: Creighton Francis , Bergmark Regan , Emerick Kevin 
Published: August 2016

Objectives(1) Determine the frequency of nontraditional sentinel lymph node (SLN) locations in cutaneous head and neck malignancy and (2) determine the frequency of level IIB SLNs in cutaneous head and neck malignancy.DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 145 consecutive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) specimens for cutaneous head and neck malignancies were reviewed from 2007 to 2015. Nodal regions were categorized into levels I to V, parotid, external jugular (EJ), perifacial, suboccipital, and postauricular regions. Primary locations were divided into scalp, forehead, cheek, ear, neck, nose, periocular, and lip. Frequencies of sentinel lymph node (SLN) locations for each primary location were determined.ResultsParotid, EJ, perifacial, suboccipital, postauricular, and level IIB lymph SLNs were identified as nontraditional lymph node regions at risk in head and neck cutaneous malignancy. EJ SLNs were present in over 15% of all cases and over 25% of periocular and cheek lesions. Perifacial SLNs were frequently present in nose and lip lesions. Suboccipital and postauricular nodes were only present in scalp lesions. Level II was the most common location for a SLN. In total, 15.9% of all cases involved level IIB. Scalp and ear primary lesions were most likely to drain to level IIB.ConclusionsNontraditional SLN locations, such as EJ, perifacial, suboccipital, postauricular, and parotid, as well as level IIB, are important sites of drainage for head and neck cutaneous malignancy. Prediction of at‐risk lymph node regions is important to help guide SLNBs, elective and completion neck lymphadenectomy and radiation, and long‐term observation.
Does the Preoperative Administration of Steroids Reduce Intraoperative Bleeding during Endoscopic Surgery of Nasal Polyps?
Authors: Hwang Se Hwan , Seo Jae Hyun , Joo Young Hoon , Kang Jun Myung 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesCorticosteroids are frequently used in a range of otorhinolaryngologic conditions due to their anti‐inflammatory and antiedematous properties. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to assess the role of preoperative steroids for attenuating intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery among patients with nasal polyps.Data SourcesPubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and Cochrane database.MethodsLiterature was screened from January 1980 to January 2016. Five articles comparing patients who were preoperatively administered steroids (steroid groups) with patients who received a placebo or no treatment (control group) were included for analysis, which encompassed intraoperative bleeding, endoscopic surgical field visibility, operative time, and side effects during endoscopic sinus surgery.ResultsIntraoperative bleeding and operative time during endoscopic sinus surgery in the steroid group were significantly reduced as compared with the control group. Additionally, the preoperative administration of steroids had a significant effect on improving endoscopic surgical field visibility during sinus surgery. There were no significant adverse effects reported in the enrolled studies. In subgroup analyses of these results, steroids showed similar effects on intraoperative bleeding regardless of administration type (topical or systemic).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the preoperative administration of steroids in patients with nasal polyps could effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding. However, the duration of treatment and dosing standard require further investigation, and more trials need to be included.
Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures Related to Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Francis David O. , Patel Dhyanesh A. , Sharda Rohit , Hovis Kristen , Sathe Nila , Penson David F. , Feurer Irene D. , McPheeters Melissa L. , Vaezi Michael F. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesPatient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures are often used to diagnose laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and monitor treatment outcomes in clinical and research settings. The present systematic review was designed to identify currently available LPR‐related PRO measures and to evaluate each measure’s instrument development, validation, and applicability.Data SourcesMEDLINE via PubMed interface, CINAHL, and Health and Psychosocial Instrument databases were searched with relevant vocabulary and key terms related to PRO measures and LPR.Review MethodsThree investigators independently performed abstract review and full text review, applying a previously developed checklist to critically assess measurement properties of each study meeting inclusion criteria.ResultsOf 4947 studies reviewed, 7 LPR‐related PRO measures (publication years, 1991‐2010) met criteria for extraction and analysis. Two focused on globus and throat symptoms. Remaining measures were designed to assess LPR symptoms and monitor treatment outcomes in patients. None met all checklist criteria. Only 2 of 7 used patient input to devise item content, and 2 of 7 assessed responsiveness to change. Thematic deficiencies in current LPR‐related measures are inadequately demonstrated: content validity, construct validity, plan for interpretation, and literacy level assessment.ConclusionLaryngopharyngeal reflux is often diagnosed according to symptoms. Currently available LPR‐related PRO measures used to symptomatically identify suspected LPR patients have disparate developmental rigor and important methodological deficiencies. Care should be exercised to understand the measurement characteristics and contextual relevance before applying these PRO measures for clinical, research, or quality initiatives.
Radiation Dose Reduction in Paranasal Sinus CT
Authors: Bang Minseo , Choi Seong Hoon , Park Jongha , Kang Byeong Seong , Kwon Woon Jung , Lee Tae Hoon , Nam Jung Gwon 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo (1) compare the radiation dose of low‐dose computed tomography (CT) to that of standard‐dose CT, (2) determine the minimum optimal radiation dose for use in patients who need endoscopic sinus surgery, and (3) assess the reliability of iterative model reconstruction.Study DesignProspective single‐institution study.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsWe recruited 48 adults with medically refractory sinusitis. Each patient underwent 4 scans with different CT parameters: 120 kV and 100 mAs (standard dose), 100 kV and 40 mAs (low dose), 100 kV and 20 mAs (very low dose), and 100 kV and 10 mAs (ultra‐low dose). All CT scans were reconstructed via filtered back‐projection, and ultra‐low dose scans were additionally reconstructed through iterative model reconstruction. Radiation dose, image quality, and diagnostic performance were compared among the scans.ResultsRadiation doses decreased to 6% (ultra‐low dose), 12% (very low dose), and 22% (low dose) of the standard‐dose CT. The image quality of low‐dose CT was similar to that of standard‐dose CT. Ultra‐low‐dose CT with iterative model reconstruction was inferior to standard‐dose CT for identifying anatomic structures, except for the optic nerve. All CT scans had 100% agreement for diagnosing rhinosinusitis.ConclusionsWith low‐dose CT, the radiation dose can be decreased to 22% of that of standard‐dose CT without affecting the image quality. Low‐dose CT can be considered the minimum optimal radiation for patients who need surgery. Iterative model reconstruction is not useful for assessing the anatomic details of the paranasal sinus on CT.
MR imaging of the anatomy of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus
Authors: De Coninck Tineke , Vanrietvelde Frederik , Seynaeve Patrick , Verdonk Peter , Verstraete Koenraad 
Published: August 2016

Background In cadaveric and arthroscopic studies different insertion locations of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus (AHMM) have been described. Purpose To investigate if the different insertion locations of the AHMM, as described in cadaveric studies, can be determined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods MR images of 100 patients without meniscal tears on MRI were retrospectively evaluated. Two observers classified the AHMM insertion based on its position relative to the anterior tibial edge and the medial tibial spine. The association between AHMM insertion and tibial plateau slope, meniscal radial displacement, and anterior intermeniscal ligament (AIL) presence was investigated. Results The AHMM inserted posterior to the anterior tibial edge in 93 knees and anterior to the tibial edge in seven knees (= type III). Of the 93 knees with AHMM insertion posterior to the anterior tibial edge, 63 inserted lateral to the medial tibial spine (= type I) and 30 medial (= type II). The AHMMs inserting anterior to the tibial edge had a significantly ( P < 0.05) steeper anterior tibial plateau slope and a significantly ( P < 0.05) higher presence of the AIL. No significant difference in radial displacement was observed between the three insertion types ( P > 0.05). A strong inter- and intra-observer agreement was observed. Conclusion Three different bony insertion locations of the AHMM, as described in cadaveric studies, could be identified on MRI. All AHMMs inserting anterior to the tibial edge displayed an AIL. Whether there is a clinical correlation with these insertion patterns remains unclear.
Prevalence of CT features of axial spondyloarthritis in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: De Kock Isabelle , Hindryckx Pieter , De Vos Martine , Delrue Louke , Verstraete Koenraad , Jans Lennart 
Published: August 2016

Background The sacroiliac joint and spine are seen on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and may show structural lesions as part of spondyloarthritis. Purpose To determine the prevalence of CT features of spondyloarthritis in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Material and Methods A retrospective study of structural lesions of spondyloarthritis on abdominal CT was performed. The sacroiliac joints and spine of 120 patients were studied: study group I consisted of 40 patients with known CD and inflammatory back pain, group II involved 40 patients with CD without inflammatory back pain, and group III consisted of 40 patients without known joint or inflammatory bowel disease. Recorded CT features included sclerosis, erosions or ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint, enthesopathy, spinal syndesmophytes, and costovertebral joint lesions. Results CT showed structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints in 19/40 (48%) patients with CD and inflammatory back pain (sclerosis [n = 14; 35%], erosions [n = 14; 35%], ankylosis [n = 3; 8%]), in 8/40 (8%) patients with CD without inflammatory back pain (sclerosis [n = 3; 8%], erosions [n = 4; 10%], ankylosis [n = 3; 8%]), and in 3/40 (8%) patients without known joint or bowel disease (sclerosis [n = 2; 5%], ankylosis [n = 1; 3%]). Syndesmophytes were exclusively seen in group I (n = 6; 15%). Conclusion CT of the abdomen in patients with CD and inflammatory back pain shows structural lesions of the sacroiliac joint, entheses, or spine in almost half of the patients. Awareness and knowledge of these findings may guide the referring clinician to further clinical evaluation, imaging, and biomarker evaluation of the disease.
Evaluation of the anticoagulant effect and timing of the concomitant use of S-1 and warfarin
Authors: Suzuki Shinya , Ikegawa Kiwako , Yamamoto Kaori , Saito Shinichiro 
Published: August 2016

Objectives To evaluate the effects of the timing of warfarin (WF) administration in patients with gastric cancer who received S-1 oral chemotherapy. Methods This retrospective chart review collected patient data including the prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR). Patients were categorized into three groups based on the timing of WF administration in relation to S-1 oral chemotherapy: group A patients received WF before S-1 chemotherapy; group B patients started WF during S-1 chemotherapy; and group C patients started WF after completing S-1 chemotherapy. Results A total of 21 patients with gastric cancer were included in the study; group A ( n = 8), group B ( n = 10) and group C ( n = 3). Seven patients (88%) in group A, seven (70%) in group B and all of the patients (100%) in group C had >2.5 PT-INR. There was no significant difference in the time-to-exceed 2.5 PT-INR between groups A and B. Conclusions These findings suggest that the timing of WF use in relation to S-1 chemotherapy might not be an important factor for PT-INR, although the low patient numbers included in the study should be taken into consideration.
The impact of 2015 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders criteria on diagnostic rates
Authors: Hamid Shahd HM , Elsone Liene , Mutch Kerry , Solomon Tom , Jacob Anu 
Published: August 2016

Background: The international panel for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) diagnosis has proposed diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Objectives: We assessed the impact of these criteria on diagnostic rates in a large cohort of patients. Methods: We identified and applied the 2006 and 2015 criteria to all patients ( n = 176) seen in the NMO and non-multiple sclerosis central nervous system demyelination clinic (part of the UK NMO service) from January 2013 to May 2015. Results: The 2006 criteria classified 63 of 176 (36%) patients as NMO. A total of 42 patients (67%) were aquaporin 4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) +ve and 21 (33%) AQP4 IgG −ve. The 2015 criteria classified 111 of 176 (63%) patients as NMOSD, of which 81 (73%) were AQP4 IgG +ve and 30 (27%) were AQP4 IgG −ve. There was an increase of 48 patients (76%) diagnosed as NMOSD using the new criteria. Conclusion: Application of the 2015 criteria led to a rise in diagnosis of NMOSD by 76%. The rise in the AQP4 IgG +ve group contributed 62% and the seronegative group contributed 14%.
Detecting dorsal screw penetration following volar plate fixation of the distal radius – A validation study in a saw bone model
Authors: Poole William EC , Marsland Daniel , Durani Piyush , Hobbs Chris M , Sauvé Philip S 
Published: August 2016

Background The fluoroscopic detection of dorsal screw protrusion following volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures remains difficult. The carpal shoot through view has recently been reported to result in a 17% intra-operative screw exchange rate. The aim of the current study was to assess the sensitivity of the carpal shoot through view in comparison to conventional fluoroscopic views for detecting dorsal cortical and distal radio-ulnar joint screw penetration. Methods A volar locking plate was applied to a saw bone model and fluoroscopic views taken with the distal screws inserted flush or protruding by two full screw threads. Images were then shown to 10 orthopaedic surgeons who were asked to identify excessively long screws. Results The CST view demonstrated the greatest sensitivity for detection of dorsal screw penetration (78%). Its inter-observer reliability was 0.66 (substantial agreement) and intra-observer reliability 0.86 (near perfect agreement). The dorsal skyline had a sensitivity of 51%; the elevated lateral view had a sensitivity of only 16%. Conclusions The current study confirms that the elevated lateral view cannot be relied upon alone for the detection of dorsal screw penetration. The CST view is a valid technique demonstrating the greatest sensitivity in comparison to established intra-operative views.
Vitamin D Treatment Effect on Serum Endocan and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Atis Omer , Keles Mustafa , Cankaya Erdem , Dogan Hasan , Aksoy Hulya , Akcay Fatih 
Published: August 2016

Context: Endocan is a marker showing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Significantly increased endocan levels have been observed in serum of patients with sepsis and cancer. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D treatment and serum endocan and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels as inflammatory markers in transplant patients. Design: Prospective. Setting: Nephrology clinic. Patients: Thirty-eight renal transplant patients with serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-vitamin D) levels below 20 ng/mL and transplanted at least 12 months. Intervention: One-time oral dose of 300 000 IU vitamin D3. Main Outcome Measures: Before and after vitamin D treatment, serum endocan, hs-CRP, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured. Results: Median serum endocan and PTH values before vitamin D were significantly higher than those of after treatment values ( P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). On the other hand, serum total calcium and phosphorus levels before vitamin D treatment were lower than the values obtained after vitamin D treatment ( P = .0013 and P < .001, respectively). Serum hs-CRP was lower after vitamin D therapy than before, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = .06). A moderate negative correlation was determined between endocan and 25-OH-vitamin D levels after treatment with vitamin D ( r = −.36, P = .02). Conclusion: This study has revealed that vitamin D treatment reduced markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with renal transplantation and vitamin D deficiency.
Quality assurance testing of transoesophageal echocardiography probes
Authors: McLeod Christopher , McNeill Kirsty , McBride Karne , Inglis Scott , Pye Stephen D 
Published: August 2016

Introduction In response to an ultrasound imaging issue with transoesophageal echocardiography probes, a testing protocol was developed to check features pertinent to the operation of these probes. The imaging problem was detected in multiple probes of the same make and model. Methods Over a two-year period, a series of 26 probes of this model were tested at acceptance, then three to six months later before being replaced due to a defect. A range of visual, mechanical and electrical tests were performed. Image tests comprised low-contrast penetration measurements and a comparison of phantom images at regular intervals to highlight artefacts in both B-mode and colour Doppler imaging. Results Of the 26 defective probes replaced, 7 suffered mechanical/electrical problems, 5 of which prevented imaging results being obtained. Low-contrast penetration reduction of greater than 5% occurred in 14 probes. B-mode artefacts were observed on 12 probes and Doppler noise artefacts on 6 probes. No faults were found on five probes. The manufacturer addressed the imaging problem identified and of the seven subsequent probes supplied, only one suffered an imaging fault. Conclusions The implementation of a quality assurance protocol for transoesophageal echocardiography probes resulted in cost savings on replacements/repairs. When provided with the evidence gathered, the manufacturer supplied 23 probes under warranty or as loan equipment. The regular testing of the probes substantially reduced the impact of downtime and poor diagnosis from this equipment on the clinical service.
Comparison of an Electronic Glycemic Management System Versus Provider-Managed Subcutaneous Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Aloi Joseph , Bode Bruce W. , Ullal Jagdeesh , Chidester Paul , McFarland Raymie S. , Bedingfield Amy E. , Mabrey Melanie , Booth Robby , Mumpower April , Wallia Amisha 
Published: August 2016

Background: American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommend a basal bolus correction insulin regimen as the preferred method of treatment for non–critically ill hospitalized patients. However, achieving ADA glucose targets safely, without hypoglycemia, is challenging. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of basal bolus subcutaneous (SubQ) insulin therapy managed by providers compared to a nurse-directed Electronic Glycemic Management System (eGMS). Method: This retrospective crossover study evaluated 993 non-ICU patients treated with subcutaneous basal bolus insulin therapy managed by a provider compared to an eGMS. Analysis compared therapy outcomes before Glucommander (BGM), during Glucommander (DGM), and after Glucommander (AGM) for all patients. The blood glucose (BG) target was set at 140-180 mg/dL for all groups. The safety of each was evaluated by the following: (1) BG averages, (2) hypoglycemic events <40 and <70 mg/dL, and (3) percentage of BG in target. Result: Percentage of BG in target was BGM 47%, DGM 62%, and AGM 36%. Patients’ BGM BG average was 195 mg/dL, DGM BG average was 169 mg/dL, and AGM BG average was 174 mg/dL. Percentage of hypoglycemic events <70 mg/dL was 2.6% BGM, 1.9% DGM, and 2.8% AGM treatment. Conclusion: Patients using eGMS in the DGM group achieved improved glycemic control with lower incidence of hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL and <70 mg/dl) compared to both BGM and AGM management with standard treatment. These results suggest that an eGMS can safely maintain glucose control with less hypoglycemia than basal bolus treatment managed by a provider.