bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faraday rotation fluctuations of MESSENGER radio signals through the equatorial lower corona near solar minimum
Authors: Wexler D. B. , Jensen E. A. , Hollweg J. V. , Heiles C. , Efimov A. I. , Vierinen J. , Coster A. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFaraday rotation (FR) of transcoronal radio transmissions from spacecraft near superior conjunction enables study of the temporal variations in coronal plasma density, velocity, and magnetic field. The MESSENGER spacecraft 8.4 GHz radio, transmitting through the corona with closest line‐of‐sight approach 1.63–1.89 solar radii and near‐equatorial heliolatitudes, was recorded soon after the deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23. During egress from superior conjunction, FR gradually decreased, and an overlay of wave‐like FR fluctuations (FRFs) with periods of hundreds to thousands of seconds was found. The FRF power spectrum was characterized by a power law relation, with the baseline spectral index being −2.64. A transient power increase showed relative flattening of the spectrum and bands of enhanced spectral power at 3.3 mHz and 6.1 mHz. Our results confirm the presence of coronal FRF similar to those described previously at greater solar offset. Interpreted as Alfvén waves crossing the line of sight radially near the proximate point, low‐frequency FRF convey an energy flux density higher than that of the background solar wind kinetic energy, but only a fraction of that required to accelerate the solar wind. Even so, this fraction is quite variable and potentially escalates to energetically significant values with relatively modest changes in estimated magnetic field strength and electron concentration. Given the uncertainties in these key parameters, as well as in solar wind properties close to the Sun at low heliolatitudes, we cannot yet confidently assign the quantitative role for Alfvén wave energy from this region in driving the slow solar wind.
Dye‐containing nonaqueous dispersions derived from methanol‐soluble polymers stabilized by block–random copolymer surfactant
Authors: Ezaki Naofumi , Watanabe Yoshifumi , Mori Hideharu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, nonaqueous emulsion solvent evaporation was utilized to prepare nonaqueous dispersions derived from various methanol‐soluble polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), and poly(acrylic acid), using a block–random copolymer surfactant; the block–random copolymer poly(SMA)88‐b‐poly(DEAGMA15‐r‐SMA14), composed of stearyl methacrylate, and diethanolamine‐modified glycidyl methacrylate, was used to stabilize the nonaqueous emulsions of methanol containing the polymers and an isoparaffin solvent, Isopar M. In the cases without dye, all emulsions and dispersions obtained after the evaporation of methanol exhibited nanometer‐sized particles as well as good stability. For emulsions consisting of dye‐containing methanol phases, particle sizes and stability of the obtained dispersions were dependent on the nature of the methanol‐soluble polymers. The dispersions derived from PVP and PVAC, which possibly interact weakly with the block–random copolymer and dye, exhibited good stability and a small particle size, which can be applied for inkjet printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44671.
Hydrolytic degradation of biobased poly(butylene succinate‐co‐furandicarboxylate) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐furandicarboxylate) copolyesters under mild conditions
Authors: Peng Shuangbao , Wu BinShuang , Wu Linbo , Li Bo‐Geng , Dubois Philippe 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIt is indispensable to investigate hydrolytic degradation behavior to develop novel (bio)degradable polyesters. Biobased and biodegradable copolyesters poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene furandicarboxylate) (PBAF) and poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene furandicarboxylate) (PBSF) with BF molar fraction (ϕBF) between 40 and 60% were synthesized in this study. The hydrolytic degradation of film samples was conducted in a pH 7.0 PBS buffer solution at 25 °C. Slight mass loss (1–2%) but significant decrease in intrinsic viscosity (35–44%) was observed after 22 weeks. The apparent hydrolytic degradation rate decreased with increasing ϕBF and initial crystallinity. Meanwhile, PBAFs degraded slightly faster than PBSFs with the same composition. The ϕBF and crystallinity increased slowly with degradation time, suggesting the aliphatic moiety and the amorphous region are more susceptible to hydrolysis. And high enough tensile properties were retained after hydrolysis degradation, indicating PBAF and PBSF copolyesters are hydrolytically degradable, with tunable hydrolytic degradation rate and good balance between hydrolytic degradability and durability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44674.
Effects of ultraviolet aging on the surface properties and tribological performance of polyformaldehyde
Authors: Chen Song , Duan Haitao , Xu Haiping , Wei Lei , Cheng Bingxue , Jia Dan , Li Jian 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTUltraviolet aging restricts the outdoor application of polyformaldehyde as the friction material. In this work, ultraviolet aging processes were applied to polyformaldehyde specimens and effects of the processes on their surface properties and tribological performance were evaluated. Surface morphology results show that a thin layer of white powder and micro‐cracks with further ramifications in other directions were observed on the surfaces after 400 h of ultraviolet exposure, while it is not detectable for the unaged specimens. Analysis of aging surface indicates that ultraviolet leads to the increase of micro‐cracks and the degree of crystallinity. All the tribological test results demonstrate that with the extension of ultraviolet aging time, (i) the process of damage on polyformaldehyde surface induced by ultraviolet aging is first slowly and faster afterward; (ii) the fluctuation of the friction coefficients of polyformaldehyde/GCr15 rubbing pairs increases; and (iii) the wear rate of polyformaldehyde markedly increase after aging test 400 h. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44684.
The impact of left ventricular stretching in model cultivations with neonatal cardiomyocytes in a whole‐heart bioreactor
Authors: Hülsmann Jörn , Aubin Hug , Wehrmann Alexander , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHere, we investigate the impact of integrated three‐dimensional (3D) left ventricular (LV) stretching on myocardial maturation in a whole‐heart bioreactor setting. Therefore, decellularized rat hearts were selectively repopulated with rodent neonatal cardiomyocytes (5 · 106 cells per heart) and cultured over 5 days. Continuous medium perfusion was maintained through the coronary artery system in a customized whole‐heart bioreactor system with or without integrated biomechanical stimulation of LV. 3D repopulation effectiveness and cellular vitality were evaluated by repetitive metabolic WST‐1 assays and 3D confocal microscopy analysis through fluorescent staining, also assessing cellular organization. Moreover, specific myocardial vitality was verified by detecting spontaneous electrophysiological activity using a multielectrode assay. Western blot analysis of cardiac myosin heavychain (MHC) and quantitative RT‐PCR for Connexin 43 was used to analyze cardiomyocyte maturation. Decellularized whole‐heart constructs repopulated with neonatal cardiomyocytes (repopWHC) showed vital 3D cell populations throughout the repopulation sites within the LV with a significant increase in metabolic activity (326 ± 113% for stimulated constructs vs. 162 ± 32% for non‐stimulated controls after 96 h of continuous cultivation as compared to their state 24 h after injection, directly prior to bioreactor cultivation). Further, bioreactor cultivation under integrated mechanical LV stimulation not only led to a higher degree of cellular organization and an increased MHC content, but also to a significant increase of Cx43 gene expression resulting in a regain of 60 ± 19% of native neonatal hearts expression level in contrast to 20 ± 9% for non‐stimulated controls (P = 0.03). Therefore, our study suggests that the integration of LV stretching into whole‐heart bioreactor cultivation may enhance cardiac maturation not only by promoting cellular organization but also through adaptive protein and gene expression with particular implications for the formation of the conductive apparatus. Further, this study emphasizes the importance of suitable bioprocessing strategies within sophisticated bioreactor systems as tools for customized stimulation and cultivation of tissue engineered tissues and organs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1107–1117. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering the N‐terminal end of CelA results in improved performance and growth of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii on crystalline cellulose
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ki , Chung Daehwan , Himmel Michael E. , Bomble Yannick J. , Westpheling Janet 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCelA is the most abundant enzyme secreted by Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and has been shown to outperform mixtures of commercially available exo‐ and endoglucanases in vitro. CelA contains both a glycoside hydrolase family 9 endoglucanase and a glycoside hydrolase family 48 exoglucanase known to be synergistic in their activity, connected by three cellulose‐binding domains via linker peptides. Here, repeated aspartate residues were introduced into the N‐terminal ends of CelA GH9 and GH48 domains to improve secretion efficiency and/or catalytic efficiency of CelA. Among several constructs, the highest activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 0.81 ± 0.03 mg/mL was observed for the C. bescii strain containing CelA with 5‐aspartate tag at the N‐terminal end of GH9 domain—an 82% increase over wild type CelA. In addition, expression of CelA with N‐terminal repeated aspartate residues in C. bescii results in a dramatic increase in its ability to grow on Avicel. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 945–950. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantiomeric resolution, stereochemical assignment and toxicity evaluation of TPA enantiomers
Authors: Chi Yulang , Wu Zhijun , Zhong Yi , Dong Sijun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTetrahydro‐α‐(1‐methylethyl)‐2‐oxo‐1(2H)‐pyrimidineacetic acid (TPA) is a critical intermediate in the synthesis of HIV protease inhibitors. A simple and efficient method for the separation and determination of TPA enantiomers was developed. The TPA was separated into its enantiomers with an enantiomeric purity of 99% using an HPLC system equipped with a Chiralpak OD‐H column. Semi‐preparative HPLC enantioseparations were carried out for further enrichment of the enantiomers. The validity of this method was evaluated on the basis of its precision, accuracy, linearity and recovery. The method was observed to be suitable for the rapid separation and semi‐preparation of TPA isomers. The separated enantiomers were identified by optical rotation and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the stereochemical structures of the TPA enantiomers were definitively confirmed using a combination of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The toxicity of the separated pure enantiomers against Oryzias melastigma was evaluated using the median lethal concentration (LC50) values. The results indicated that (S)‐(−)‐TPA is ~2.5 times more toxic than its enantiomorphism.
Night syncope: a case report
Authors: Loumaye Léopold , Blommaert Dominique 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical Message“Idiopathic” ventricular fibrillations are rare and are estimated between 5% and 10% of survivors of hospital cardiac arrest, for at least some of them have as origin, a trigger in the Purkinje fibers. Interventional therapy could be an effective, long‐lasting solution for these recurrent malignant arrhythmias and should be considered.
Ambiguous subdural collection
Authors: Nakhla Jonathan , Bhashyam Niketh , Yassari Reza 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageProstate cancer metastasis to the dura is a rare occurrence. Metastasis to the dura can present as signs and symptoms of worsening mental status or neurological deficit. Therefore, malignant metastasis should be considered in a patient presenting with history of prostate cancer and worsening metal status without evidence of trauma.
Graphene Quantum Dots Decorated Titania Nanosheets Heterojunction: Efficient Charge Separation and Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Bian Shiyue , Zhou Chenjuan , Li Peiran , Liu Jiyang , Dong Xiaoping , Xi Fengna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTitania nanosheets (TNSs) are of importance for photocatalytic application owing to the unique two‐dimensional (2D) morphology, high crystallinity and plentiful surface charge. However, the large band gap prohibited the efficient utilization of sun light. Herein, we employed graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as green photocatalytic promoter to decorate TNSs during the electrostatic flocculation. The obtained GQDs/TNSs heterojunction was systematically characterized, and the results demonstrated that the composite exhibited an intimate coupling of GQDs and TNSs, a markedly visible light absorption and therefore the enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. This composite photocatalyst shows enhanced photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation in comparison with pure restacked TNSs (rs‐TNSs) and GQDs. Furthermore, this composite exhibited a superior reusability, and a high degradation ratio about 90 % was still achieved in the 5th cycle. Moreover, a possible mechanism was proposed and superoxide radicals, holes and hydroxyl radicals were determined as the active species.
A General Nickel‐Catalyzed Method for C−H Bond Alkynylation of Heteroarenes Through Chelation Assistance
Authors: Khake Shrikant M. , Soni Vineeta , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Punji Benudhar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA general nickel‐catalyzed method for the alkynylation of heteroarenes through monodentate chelation assistance is described. Many heterocycles, including indoles, pyrroles, imidazoles, and pyrazole, efficiently coupled with (triisopropylsilyl)alkynyl bromide, and synthetically important functional groups, such as halides, ether, nitrile, and nitro, are tolerated. Synthetic applicability of this Ni‐catalyzed method is demonstrated by the removal of the triisopropylsilyl group and further functionalization to triazolyl, benzofuranyl, and alkynyl arene derivatives. Preliminary mechanistic investigations of the alkynylation of indole suggest that the reaction proceeds through kinetically relevant C−H activation and follows a two‐electron redox pathway. A catalytically relevant Ni species, namely, [(Phen)3Ni]NiBr4 (PheN=1,10‐phenanthroline), was isolated and structurally characterized.
Cross‐conjugated Trienamine Catalysis with α′‐Alkylidene 2‐Cyclohexenones: Application in β,γ‐Regioselective Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Wang Zhou‐Xiang , Ouyang Qin , Xiao Wei , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEndo‐type cross‐conjugated trienamines between highly congested α′‐alkylidene 2‐cyclohexenones and a chiral primary amine catalyst serve as HOMO‐raised dienophiles in inverse‐electron‐demand aza‐Diels–Alder cycloadditions with a number of 1‐azadiene substrates. The reactions exhibit exclusive β,γ‐regioselectivity, and multifunctional products with high molecular complexity are efficiently constructed in excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (>19:1 d.r., up to 99 % ee).
Study on the removal of fine particles by using water in a rotating packed bed
Authors: Li Ze‐Yan , Dong Kun , Liang Yan , Zhang Lili , Sun Baochang , Chu Guang‐Wen , Zou Hai‐Kui , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study presented an experimental investigation on the capture of fine particles from gas stream by water in a rotating packed bed (RPB). Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different operating conditions including packing types, rotation speed, gas‐liquid volumetric ratio, inlet particle concentration, and gas temperature on the removal efficiency of fine particles. The overall removal efficiency of fine particles can reach 98 % under the optimal operating conditions, which are a rotation speed of 1200 rpm, a gas‐liquid volumetric ratio of 600, a gas temperature of 100 °C, and the use of fine metal gauze packing. In addition, the correlation of removal efficiency of fine particles was deduced. It is observed that the predicted removal efficiency and outlet concentration of fine particles are in good agreement with the experimental values, with deviations within 10 % and 20 % respectively. This process exhibits the potential application of RPBs in simultaneous removal of fine particles and SO2 by liquid solution.
Quantitative validation of anti‐PTBP1antibody for diagnostic neuropathology use: Image analysis approach
Authors: Goceri Evgin , Goksel Behiye , Elder James B. , Puduvalli Vinay K. , Otero Jose J. , Gurcan Metin N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTraditional diagnostic neuropathology relies on subjective interpretation of visual data obtained from a brightfield microscopy. This approach causes high variability, unsatisfactory reproducibility, and inability for multiplexing even among experts. These problems may affect patient outcomes and confound clinical decision‐making. Also, standard histological processing of pathological specimens leads to auto‐fluorescence and other artifacts, a reason why fluorescent microscopy is not routinely implemented in diagnostic pathology. To overcome these problems, objective and quantitative methods are required to help neuropathologists in their clinical decision‐making. Therefore, we propose a computerized image analysis method to validate anti‐PTBP1 antibody for its potential use in diagnostic neuropathology. Images were obtained from standard neuropathological specimens stained with anti‐PTBP1 antibody. First, the noise characteristics of the images were modeled and images are de‐noised according to the noise model. Next, images are filtered with sigma‐adaptive Gaussian filtering for normalization, and cell nuclei are detected and segmented with a k‐means–based deterministic approach. Experiments on 29 data sets from 3 cases of brain tumor and reactive gliosis show statistically significant differences between the number of positively stained nuclei in images stained with and without anti‐PTBP1 antibody. The experimental analysis of specimens from 3 different brain tumor groups and 1 reactive gliosis group indicates the feasibility of using anti‐PTBP1 antibody in diagnostic neuropathology, and computerized image analysis provides a systematic and quantitative approach to explore feasibility.
Theoretical Evaluation of Terahertz Sources Generated From SnGa4Q7 (Q=S, Se) as Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Dan , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Zhang Hao , Huang Yi‐Zhi , Chai Guo‐Liang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe theoretically evaluated the integrated knowledge that contributes to conversion efficiency, including the phonon, photon, and electron properties of infrared nonlinear optical materials such as SnGa4Q7 (Q=S, Se), which are terahertz (THz) sources. Specifically, we developed a new formula to calculate the susceptibility of the difference frequency generation (DFG) optical process. By evaluating the characteristics of the materials themselves in the THz region, we found that a larger nonlinear susceptibility or a large figure of merit resulted in a large efficiency of the THz source by comparing the findings of SnGa4Se7 and SnGa4S7 under the same experimental conditions; furthermore, THz absorption was found to reduce the efficiency of the THz source for the two SnGa4Q7 (Q=S, Se) materials. The efficiency of the THz source also depended on the experimental conditions. A large crystal size, strong pump intensity, and small THz wavelength resulted in better efficiency of the THz source based on the DFG process. The efficiency was found to be a comprehensive index to evaluate the THz source based on the DFG process.
Accuracy of international ultrasound risk stratification systems in thyroid lesions cytologically classified as indeterminate
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Fulciniti Franco , Zilioli Valentina , Ceriani Luca , Giovanella Luca 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundEminent international societies have published their thyroid ultrasound risk stratification system (US‐RSS) to give a friendly tool for thyroidologists. In particular, American Thyroid Association (ATA), American Association Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinologists and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi (AACE/ACE/AME), British Thyroid Association (BTA), and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) are often adopted for clinical practice. The reliability of these US‐RSS has not been evaluated in discriminating cancers from benignancy in nodules with indeterminate FNA.MethodsIndeterminate thyroid lesions were searched in our database and only those with histology were finally included. The matching of US and histologic data of nodule's location and size were verified. All US images and clips were re‐evaluated and nodules classified according to the above US‐RSS.ResultsA series of 101 indeterminate lesions, diagnosed by FNA were included (mean size 2.4 cm) and a 21% of cancers was found at histology. When all lesions were classified by US‐RSS, poor accuracy (up to 54%) and specificity (up to 19%) were recorded. Highest sensitivity (91%) and NPV (94%) was obtained by BTA. Of relevance, the rate of nodules with indeterminate US risk recorded by BTA was significantly lower than the other (P < 0.001). At nodule's size analysis, cancers had significantly higher estimated volume (P < 0.05). When we considered the size thresholds proposed by guidelines, ATA system reached the highest sensitivity in detecting cancers (95%).ConclusionsEven if international US‐RSS have suboptimal accuracy in indeterminate thyroid nodules, high sensitivity can be obtained using ATA system with specific dimensional cut‐offs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:113–117. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The importance of EZH2 and MOC‐31 expression in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant effusions
Authors: Sadullahoglu Canan , Nart Deniz , Veral Ali 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAll malignant tumors may spread throughout the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. The presence of tumor cells in serosal fluid is a poor prognostic indicator. It may be difficult to differentiate nuclear atypia of mesothelial cells due to injury of serosal surfaces from mesothelioma or malignant epithelial tumor cells. Epithelial and mesothelial immunohistochemical markers can be used in such conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of two immunohistochemical markers (MOC‐31 and EZH2) in serosal effusions.MethodsThe study included a total of 142 patients diagnosed with benign or malignant cytology between January 2012 and April 2014. MOC‐31 and EZH2 were applied to the cell blocks of 53 patients with benign cytology and 89 patients with malignant cytology determined based on the clinical, radiological data, histopathology diagnosis, and clinical follow‐up in the absence of any surgical material of the patient in the hospital archive system.ResultsNone of the benign cases showed MOC‐31 and EZH2 expression, although these markers were positive in 96 and 93% respectively of the malignant cases.ConclusionIn conclusion, it could be considered cost‐effective to use a double immunohistochemical antibody kit for these two markers, MOC‐31 membranous and EZH2 nuclear staining, in the diagnosis of malignant effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:118–124. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.