bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Issue of Gadolinium Retained in Tissues
Authors: Di Gregorio Enza , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Furlan Chiara , Lanzardo Stefania , Nuzzi Raffaele , Gianolio Eliana , Aime Silvio 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
The aim of the study was to explore the role of the stability of metal complexes in the processes that lead to the metal retention in the brain and other tissues of mice administered with lanthanides-based contrast agents. This issue was tackled by the simultaneous injection of gadolinium (Gd)-diethylentriamminopentaacetate (DTPA) and lanthanum-DTPA, which have the same charge and structure but differ in their thermodynamic stability by 3 orders of magnitude.

Materials and Methods
A total of 20 healthy BALB/c mice were administered by a single intravenous injection with a dose consisting of 0.6 mmol La-DTPA/kg and 0.6 mmol Gd-DTPA/kg. Then the animals were killed at different time points: 4, 24, 48, and 96 hours (5 mice each group).
In an additional protocol, 5 mice were administered with 9 doses of 0.3 mmol La-DTPA/kg and 0.3 mmol of Gd-DTPA/kg every 2 days over a period of 3 weeks. The sacrifice time was set to 3 weeks after the last administration. After sacrifice, the Gd and La content in liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, cerebrum, cerebellum, bone, eye, skin, blood, and urine was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

Results
A general decrease in the content of both the lanthanides was observed upon delaying the sacrifice time. At relatively short times after the injection (up to 96 hours), in the spleen, kidney, muscle, skin, and eye, almost the same content of La and Gd was detected, whereas in the cerebrum, cerebellum, bones, and liver, the amount of retained La decreased much slower than that of Gd, yielding a progressive increase in La/Gd ratio. The amount of retained La in the various tissues 21 days after the last of 9 administrations of La-DTPA and Gd-DTPA was always significantly higher than that of Gd. The concentration of both La and Gd decreased rapidly both in blood and in urine samples.

Discussion
The departure from the 1:1 ratio in the amounts of La and Gd determined in the investigated tissues has been used to gain information on the role of the complex stability and “wash-out” kinetics. The behavior of the less s` La-DTPA highlights processes occurring for Gd-DTPA at a slower rate.
The herein obtained results support the view that most of the La/Gd retained in the brain arises from the intact chelate that has extravasated immediately after the intravenous administration. Long-term deposition of metal ions from internal reservoirs seems particularly relevant for liver and spleen.
The pitfalls of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: Risk factors and mitigation strategies
Authors: Davidson Anders J. , Russo Rachel M. , Reva Viktor A. , Brenner Megan L. , Moore Laura J. , Ball Chad , Bulger Eileen , Fox Charles J. , DuBose Joseph J. , Moore Ernest E. , Rasmussen Todd E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Despite technological advancements, REBOA is associated with significant risks due to complications of vascular access and ischemia-reperfusion. The inherent morbidity and mortality of REBOA is often compounded by coexisting injury and hemorrhagic shock. Additionally, the potential for REBOA-related injuries is exaggerated due to the growing number of interventions being performed by providers who have limited experience in endovascular techniques, inadequate resources, minimal training in the technique, and who are performing this maneuver in emergency situations. In an effort to ultimately improve outcomes with REBOA, we sought to compile a list of complications that may be encountered during REBOA usage. To address the current knowledge gap, we assembled a list of anecdotal complications from high-volume REBOA users internationally. More importantly, through a consensus model, we identify contributory factors that may lead to complications and deliberate on how to recognize, mitigate, and manage such events. An understanding of the pitfalls of REBOA and strategies to mitigate their occurrence is of vital importance to optimize patient outcomes.
The promises of immunotherapy in gliomas
Authors: Mildenberger Iris , Bunse Lukas , Ochs Katharina , Platten Michael 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Also owing to the limited efficacy of targeted therapies, there has been a renewed interest in targeting gliomas with immunotherapy. But despite considerable efforts using sophisticated approaches, proof of efficacy beyond case studies is still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss current immunotherapeutic approaches and efforts to understand mechanisms of response and resistance.

Recent findings
The recent failure of large randomized clinical trials using targeted vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors to improve clinical outcome have underlined the grand challenges in this therapeutic arena and illustrated the necessity to understand the biology of immunotherapeutic interventions before conducting large randomized studies. However, these failures should not distract us from continuing to optimize immunotherapeutic concepts. The recent developments in transgenic T cell technologies and personalized vaccines but also rational combinatorial approaches offer tremendous opportunities and should be exploited carefully in early scientifically driven clinical trials.

Summary
A profound understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy to be gained from these thoroughly designed clinical trials will be essential to carve out successful strategies in selected patient populations.
Nonsurgical Management of Retained Needlefish Jaw
Authors: Kum Clarissa , Chang Jessica R. , Gruener Anna M. , McCulley Timothy J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
While scuba diving, the left medial canthus of a 53-year-old man was pierced by a needlefish. He immediately lost vision in his left eye. An orbital computed tomographic scan showed the needlefish jaw in the left optic canal. The left medial orbit was explored surgically but no foreign object was removed. One month later, MRI confirmed the presence of the retained needlefish jaw. A conservative approach was taken and the patient remained stable over 3 months of follow-up.
Genome-wide CRISPR screens in T helper cells reveal pervasive cross-talk between activation and differentiation
Authors: Henriksson Johan , Chen Xi , Gomes Tomás , Ullah Ubaid , Meyer Kerstin B , Miragaia Ricardo , Duddy Graham , Pramanik Jhuma , Yusa Kosuke , Lahesmaa Riitta , Teichmann Sarah A 
Published: October 2017

AbstractT helper type 2 (Th2) cells are important regulators of mammalian adaptive immunity and have relevance for infection, auto-immunity and tumour immunology. Using a newly developed, genome-wide retroviral CRISPR knock-out (KO) library, combined with RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq, we have dissected the regulatory circuitry governing activation (including proliferation) and differentiation of these cells. Our experiments distinguish cell activationversusdifferentiation in a quantitative framework. We demonstrate that these two processes are tightly coupled and are jointly controlled by many transcription factors, metabolic genes and cytokine/receptor pairs. There is only a small number of genes regulating differentiation without any role in activation. Our study provides an atlas for the T helper cell regulatory network, pinpointing key players of Th2 differentiation and demonstrating remarkable plasticity between the diverse T helper cell fates. We provide an online resource for interactive data querying at:http://data.teichlab.org.
Improved management facilitates return of an iconic fish species
Authors: MacKenzie Brian R. , Aarestrup Kim , Birnie-Gauvin Kim , Cardinale Massimiliano , Christoffersen Mads , Lund Henrik S. , Onandia Iñigo , Quilez-Badia Gemma , Payne Mark R. , Sundelöf Andreas , Sørensen Claus , Casini Michele 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpecies declines and losses of biota are often associated with shifting baselines in perceived historical abundances, and/or neglect or abandonment of recovery actions aimed at ecological restoration. Such declines are frequently accompanied by contractions in the geographical distribution of the species, with associated negative ecological impacts and diminishing socio-economic benefits. Here we show using citizen science and other data that after 50-60 years of near total absence, the iconic top predator and highly migratory species bluefin tuna,Thunnus thynnus, returned by the hundreds if not thousands in waters near Denmark, Norway and Sweden during August-October 2015-2017. The re-utilisation of this former habitat is part of a geographically more widespread expansion of the summer foraging area to the northern part of the northeast Atlantic Ocean, encompassing waters from east Greenland to west Sweden. The remarkable return to the Skagerrak, Kattegat and North Sea has been facilitated by improved fishery management for bluefin tuna and its prey. Bluefin tuna biomass in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean has been increasing since a recovery plan was implemented in the late 2000s, and biomasses of two key prey species (herring,Clupea harengus; mackerel,Scomber scombrus) recovered during the late 1980s-1990s. The reappearance of bluefin tuna in the Skagerrak-Kattegat and other waters of northern Europe, despite a recent history of mismanagement and illegal fishing in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean which led to a critical population decline, offers hope that other marine ecological recoveries are possible under improved management of fisheries and ecosystems.One Sentence SummaryImproved management promotes the return of an ocean icon to northern Europe.Significance StatementCommercial fisheries are often perceived being in a state of decline and collapse, putting food and economic security at risk. Such declines are frequently accompanied by contractions in stock distribution, negative ecological impacts and diminishing socio-economic benefits. Here we present an example based on one of the world’s most valuable and iconic fish species, bluefin tuna, which demonstrates that effective management of both bluefin tuna and its prey has been a key factor leading to a remarkable reoccupation of formerly lost habitat. This reappearance, following decades of absence, occurred despite the bluefin tuna stock having had a recent, long history of unsustainable and illegal exploitation. Marine ecological recovery actions can be successful, even in situations which may initially appear intractable.
Functional connectivity-based subtypes of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Easson Amanda K. , Fatima Zainab , McIntosh Anthony R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours. Neuroimaging studies have shown complex patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in ASD, with no clear consensus on brain-behaviour relationships or shared patterns of FC with typically developing controls. Here, we used k-means clustering and multivariate statistical analyses to characterize distinct FC patterns and FC-behaviour relationships in participants with and without ASD. Two FC subtypes were identified by the clustering analysis. One subtype was defined by increased FC within resting-state networks and decreased FC across networks compared to the other subtype. A separate FC pattern distinguished ASD from controls, particularly within default mode, cingulo-opercular, sensorimotor, and occipital networks. There was no significant interaction between subtypes and diagnostic groups. Finally, analysis of FC patterns with behavioural measures of IQ, social responsiveness and ASD severity showed unique brain-behaviour relations in each subtype, and a continuum of brain-behavior relations from ASD to controls within one subtype. These results demonstrate that distinct clusters of FC patterns exist in both ASD and controls, and that FC subtypes can reveal unique information about brain-behaviour relationships.Author SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with high variation in the types of severity of impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours. Neuroimaging studies have shown complex patterns of communication between brain regions, or functional connectivity (FC), in ASD. Here, we defined two distinct FC patterns and relationships between FC and behaviour in participants with and without ASD. One subtype was defined by increased FC within distinct networks of brain regions, and decreased FC between networks compared to the other subtype. A separate FC pattern distinguished ASD from controls. The interaction between subtypes and diagnostic groups was not significant. Analysis of FC patterns with behavioural measures revealed unique information about brain-behaviour relations in each subtype.
Dual spindle formation in zygotes keeps parental genomes apart in early mammalian embryos
Authors: Reichmann Judith , Nijmeijer Bianca , Hossain M. Julius , Eguren Manuel , Schneider Isabell , Politi Antonio Z. , Roberti Maria J. , Hufnagel Lars , Hiiragi Takashi , Ellenberg Jan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAt the beginning of mammalian life the genetic material from each parent meets when the fertilized egg divides. It was previously thought that a single microtubule spindle is responsible to spatially combine the two genomes and then segregate them to create the two-cell embryo. Utilizing light-sheet microscopy, we showed that two bipolar spindles form in the zygote, that independently congress the maternal and paternal genomes. These two spindles aligned their poles prior to anaphase but kept the parental genomes apart during the first cleavage. This spindle assembly mechanism provides a rationale for erroneous divisions into more than two blastomeric nuclei observed in mammalian zygotes and reveals the mechanism behind the observation that parental genomes occupy separate nuclear compartments in the two-cell embryo.One Sentence Summary:After fertilization, two spindles form around pro-nuclei in mammalian zygotes and keep the parental genomes apart during the first division.
The Object Space Task shows cumulative memory expression in both mice and rats
Authors: Genzel Lisa , Schut Evelien , Schröder Tim , Eichler Ronny , Gomez Angela , Lobato Irene Navarro , Battaglia Francesco 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDeclarative memory encompasses representations of specific events as well as knowledge extracted by accumulation over multiple episodes. To investigate how these different sorts of memories are created, we developed a new behavioral task in rodents. The task consists of three distinct conditions (stable, overlapping, random). Rodents are exposed to multiple sample trials, in which they explore objects in specific spatial arrangements. In thestablecondition, the locations are constant during all sample trials; in the test trial, one object’s location is changed. In therandomcondition, object locations are presented in the sample phase without a specific spatial pattern. In theoverlappingcondition, one location is shared (overlapping) between all trials while the other location changes during sample trials. We show that in theoverlappingcondition, instead of only remembering the last sample trial, rodents form a cumulative memory of the sample trials.Here we could show that both mice and rats can accumulate information across multiple trials and express a long-term abstracted memory.
ECM cross-linking regulates invadopodia dynamics
Authors: Esmaeili Kamyar , Bergman Aviv , Gligorijevic Bojana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInvadopodiInvadopodia are membrane protrusions dynamically assembled by invasive cancer cells in contact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadopodia are enriched for the structural proteins actin and cortactin, as well as metalloproteases such as MT1-MMP, whose function is to degrade the surrounding ECM. During metastasis, invadopodia are necessary for cancer cell intravasation and extravasation. While signaling pathways involved in the assembly and function of invadopodia are well studied, few studies address invadopodia dynamics and how the cell-ECM interactions contribute to cell invasion. Using iterative analysis based on time-lapse microscopy and mathematical modeling of invasive cancer cells, we found that cells oscillate between invadopodia presence and cell stasis, termed Invadopodia state and invadopodia absence during cell translocation, termed Migration state. Our data suggests that β1-integrin-ECM binding and ECM cross-linking control the duration of each of the two states. By changing the concentration of cross-linkers in 2D and 3D cultures, we generate ECM where 0-0.92 of total lysine residues are cross-linked. Using ECM with a range of cross-linking degrees we demonstrate that the dynamics of invadopodia-related functions have a biphasic relationship to ECM cross-linking. At intermediate levels of ECM cross-linking (0.39), cells exhibit rapid invadopodia protrusion-retraction cycles and rapid calcium spikes, which lead to more frequent MT1-MMP delivery, causing maximal invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation. In contrast, both extremely high or low levels of cross-linking lead to slower invadopodia-related dynamics and lower ECM degradation. Additionally, β1-integrin inhibition modifies dynamics of invadopodia-related functions, as well as the length of time cells spend in either of the states. Collectively, these data suggest that β1-integrin-ECM binding non-linearly translates small physical differences in extracellular environment to differences in the dynamics of cancer cell behaviors. Understanding conditions under which invadopodia can be reduced by subtle environment-targeting treatments may lead to combination therapies for preventing metastatic spread.
Methods in Description and Validation of Local Metagenetic Microbial Communities
Authors: Molik David , Pfrender Michael E. , Emrich Scott 
Published: October 2017

Abstract1. We propose MinHash (as implemented by MASH) and NMF as alternative methods to estimate similarity between metagenetic samples. We further describe these results with cluster analysis and correlations with independent ecological metadata.2. Using sample to sample similarities based on MinHash similarities we use hierarchal clustering to generate clusters, simultaneously we generate groups based on NMF, and we compare groups generated from the MinHash similarity derived clusters and from NMF to those determined by the environment, looking to Silhouette Width for an assessment of the quality of the cluster.3. We analyze existing data from the Atacama Desert to determine the relationship between ecological factors and group membership, and using the generated groups from MASH and NMF we run an ANOVA to uncover links between metagenetic samples and known environmental variables such as pH and Soil Conductivity.
Where to engage in CSR? The influence of social cause proximity on attitude toward small-sized (vs large-sized) sporting goods retailers
Authors: Kulczycki Wojciech , Mikas Santosh , Koenigstorfer Joerg 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether consumers’ attitude toward sporting goods retailers depends on who engages in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and where CSR takes place. The study aims to replicate previous findings on football teams (Kulczycki and Koenigstorfer, 2016) for for-profit sporting goods retailers by looking at how organization size and proximity of the supported cause to the retailers’ headquarters interact with consumers’ motive attributions for CSR (philanthropic vs profit).Design/methodology/approachIn total, 200 participants took part in the experimental study. The study applied a between-participant design manipulating both the proximity of the supported social cause (local vs distant CSR) and the size of the organization (small- vs large-sized organization) and measured perceived motives for CSR as independent variables. Attitude toward retailers was the dependent variable.FindingsThe results of regression analyses showed that perceived philanthropic motives increased attitude toward retailers. This relationship became stronger for large-sized sporting goods retailers, in particular when they engaged in CSR activities at distant locations. For small-sized retailers, the proximity of CSR did not impact on the relationship between motive attribution and attitude toward the retailer.Practical implicationsLarge-sized retailers are encouraged to take particular care that consumers perceive CSR activities as philanthropy-driven, especially when supporting social causes at distant locations.Originality/valueThe study replicates previous findings and shows that not only for sports teams, but also for sporting good retailers, CSR can increase consumer attitudes even when the consumer population at the organization headquarters’ location does not directly benefit from CSR.
Tourism and recurring sport events
Authors: Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Könecke Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Both groups are profiled in terms of travel-related and socio-demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to address determinants of spending for each spectator group. Data collection was conducted using an on-site questionnaire. Analysis of variance between profile characteristics is based on χ2 and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests, whereas the analysis of determinants of spending builds on the Tobit model.

Design/methodology/approach
Recurring sport events that do not count among the mega sport event category have become a popular means of attracting tourists to a destination. Thus, research on different spectator groups attending such events is very relevant, yet surprisingly scarce. This study helps filling this void by a comparative analysis of two types of spectators present at the Professional Windsurf Association Windsurf World Cup on the German island of Sylt: travellers who come to Sylt solely for the event (event tourists) and travellers whose motivation to visit the island was not primarily driven by the event (regular tourists).

Findings
The results show that the two examined groups are clearly distinguishable, both in terms of profile characteristics and determinants of spending. This indicates that specific strategies seem advisable for sport event and tourism destination managers at mature tourist destinations.

Originality/value
The study’s major contribution to both tourism and event management literature is that it exposes key characteristics of and differences between both groups within a specific setting at a non-mega sport event at a mature tourist destination.