bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased Expression of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Associates with Glucose Metabolism and Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hirata Hidenari , Sugimachi Keishi , Komatsu Hisateru , Ueda Masami , Masuda Takaaki , Uchi Ryutaro , Sakimura Shotaro , Nambara Sho , Saito Tomoko , Shinden Yoshiaki , Iguchi Tomohiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Ito Shuhei , Terashima Kotaro , Sakamoto Katsumi , Hirakawa Masakazu , Honda Hiroshi , Mimori Koshi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is reduced in expression in certain cancers where it has been hypothesized to act as a tumor suppressor, including in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report functional evidence supporting this hypothesis, providing a preclinical rationale to develop FBP1 as a therapeutic target for HCC treatment. Three independent cohorts totaling 594 cases of HCC were analyzed to address clinical significance. Lower FBP1 expression associated with advanced tumor stage, poor overall survival, and higher tumor recurrence rates. In HCC cell lines, where endogenous FBP1 expression is low, engineering its ectopic overexpression inhibited tumor growth and intracellular glucose uptake by reducing aerobic glycolysis. In patient specimens, promoter methylation and copy-number loss of FBP1 were independently associated with decreased FBP1 expression. Similarly, FBP1 downregulation in HCC cell lines was also associated with copy-number loss. HCC specimens exhibiting low expression of FBP1 had a highly malignant phenotype, including large tumor size, poor differentiation, impaired gluconeogenesis, and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. The effects of FBP1 expression on prognosis and glucose metabolism were confirmed by gene set enrichment analysis. Overall, our findings established that FBP1 downregulation in HCC contributed to tumor progression and poor prognosis by altering glucose metabolism, and they rationalize further study of FBP1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC patients. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3265–76. ©2016 AACR.
Metabolomic Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: Prediction, Diagnosis, Progression, Prognosis, and Recurrence
Authors: Kelly Rachel S. , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Giovannucci Edward , Mucci Lorelei A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMetabolite profiling is being increasing employed in the study of prostate cancer as a means of identifying predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers. This review provides a summary and critique of the current literature. Thirty-three human case–control studies of prostate cancer exploring disease prediction, diagnosis, progression, or treatment response were identified. All but one demonstrated the ability of metabolite profiling to distinguish cancer from benign, tumor aggressiveness, cases who recurred, and those who responded well to therapy. In the subset of studies where biomarker discriminatory ability was quantified, high AUCs were reported that would potentially outperform the current gold standards in diagnosis, prognosis, and disease recurrence, including PSA testing. There were substantial similarities between the metabolites and the associated pathways reported as significant by independent studies, and important roles for abnormal cell growth, intensive cell proliferation, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism were highlighted. The weight of the evidence therefore suggests metabolic alterations specific to prostate carcinogenesis and progression that may represent potential metabolic biomarkers. However, replication and validation of the most promising biomarkers is currently lacking and a number of outstanding methodologic issues remain to be addressed to maximize the utility of metabolomics in the study of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 887–906. ©2016 AACR.
CD142+/CD61+, CD146+ and CD45+ microparticles predict cardiovascular events in high risk patients following a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts
Authors: Chiva-Blanch Gemma , Crespo Javier , Suades Rosa , Arderiu Gemma , Padro Teresa , Vilahur Gemma , Cubedo Judith , Corella Dolores , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Arós Fernando , Martínez-González Miguel-Angel , Ros Emilio , Fitó Montse , Estruch Ramon , Badimon Lina 
Published: April 2016

SummaryCirculating microparticles (cMPs) are small phospholipid-rich microvesicles shed by activated cells that play a pivotal role in cell signalling related to the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of cMPs released from different vascular cells for cardiovascular event (CVE) presentation in asymptomatic patients at high cardiovascular risk factors under nutritional and pharmacologic treatment. This is a nested case-control study of 50 patients from the five-year follow-up prospective PREDIMED trial enrolled in the nuts arm of the Mediterranean diet (Med Diet-nuts). We randomly selected 25 patients who had suffered a CVE during follow-up and pair-matched them for sex, age, and classical CV risk factors to 25 patients who remained asymptomatic (no-CVE). Total Annexin V-(AV)+ cMPs and cMPs from cells of the vascular compartment were quantified by flow cytometry at baseline and after one year follow-up. MedDiet-nuts and pharmacological treatment neither modified levels nor source of MP shedding in CVE patients. However, no-CVE patients showed 40–86 % decreased total AV+, PAC-1+/AV+, CD61+/AV+, CD142+/CD61+/AV+, CD62P+/AV+, CD146+/AV+, CD63+/AV+ and CD11a+/AV+ cMPs at one year follow-up (p ≤ 0.046, all). CD142+/CD61+/AV+, CD146+/AV+ and CD45+/AV+ cMPs were decreased in no-CVE patients compared to CVE patients. A ROCcurve clustered model for CD142+/CD61+/AV+, CD45+/AV+ and CD146+/AV+ cMPs predicted a future CVE [p<0.0001, AUC=0.805 (0.672 to 0.938)]. In patients at high CV risk profile treated with a controlled MedDiet supplemented with nuts and receiving up-to-date CV drug treatment, reduced cMPs derived from activated platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells are predictive of protection against CVE within the next four years.
A Multisensor Investigation of Rime Splintering in Tropical Maritime Cumuli
Authors: Lasher-Trapp Sonia , Leon David C. , DeMott Paul J. , Villanueva-Birriel Cecille M. , Johnson Alexandria V. , Moser Daniel H. , Tully Colin S. , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Three flights from the Ice in Clouds Experiment–Tropical (ICE-T) field campaign examined the onset of ice near the ascending cloud tops of tropical maritime cumuli as they cooled from 0° to −14°C. Careful quantitative analysis of ice number concentrations included manual scrutiny of particle images and corrections for possible particle-shattering artifacts. The novel use of the Wyoming Cloud Radar documented the stage of cloud development and tops relative to the aircraft sampling, complemented the manual estimates of graupel concentrations, and provided new clear evidence of graupel movement through the rime-splintering zone. Measurements of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) provided an estimate of primary initiated ice.
The data portray a dynamically complex picture of hydrometeor transport contributing to, and likely resulting from, the rime-splintering process. Hundreds per liter of supercooled raindrops ascended within the updrafts as the cloud tops reached 0°C and contributed in part to the 0.1 L−1 graupel detected soon after the cloud tops cooled to −5°C. Rime splintering could thus be initiated upon first ascent of the cloud top through that zone and arguably contributed to the 1 L−1 or more graupel observed above it. Graupel ascending/descending into, or balanced within, the rime-splintering zone were found. In wider, less isolated clouds with dying updrafts and tops near −14°C, ice particle concentrations sometimes reached 100 L−1. Future 3D numerical modeling will be required to evaluate if rime splintering alone can explain the difference of three to four orders of magnitude in the observed INPs and the graupel observed at −5°C and colder.
Anterior Heterotopic Ossification at the Talar Neck After Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Jung Hong-Geun , Lee Sang-Hun , Shin Min-Ho , Lee Dong-Oh , Eom Joon-Sang , Lee Jong-Soo 
Published: April 2016

Background: Recently, as total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has been widely performed, its outcomes and complications have been reported. Heterotopic ossification (HO) after TAA has been reported in the posterior compartment of the ankle. We report on a series of HOs that developed in the anterior compartment of the ankle at the talar neck region after TAA. Methods: TAA was performed using the Hintegra and the Mobility in 54 ankles (Hintegra, 21 ankles; Mobility, 33 ankles) from 2004 to 2012. The outcome was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, patient satisfaction, and radiographic evaluation. The HO was confirmed on the lateral ankle view. HO in the anterior compartment of the ankle was classified based on a modification of the Brooker classification. Results: After TAA, 13 HOs developed in 12 of the 54 ankles. Six HOs developed in the anterior compartment, and 7 HOs developed in the posterior compartment. The majority of the anterior compartment HO (5/6) was observed in the Mobility group. There was no significant relationship between HO and the clinical outcomes (VAS score, P = .62; AOFAS score, P = .31; ankle range of motion, P = .31). Conclusions: Besides the posterior ankle, the anterior compartment of the ankle in the talar neck region was demonstrated to be another potential area for HO after TAA. The development of anterior HO was strongly related to the wide exposure of the cancellous bony surface at the talar neck and therefore occurred more often with the Mobility than with the Hintegra prosthesis. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative case series.
Racial and imperial thinking in international theory and politics: Truman, Attlee and the Korean War
Authors: Parmar Inderjeet 
Published: April 2016

Connects the background ideas of race and empire to world politics Uses case of Truman and Attlee in the Korean War Argues that liberal-realist internationalists’ assumptions about the US-led post-war order obscure those background ideas and fail to understand the character of the post-war order Argues liberal-realist internationalism is akin to a legitimating ideology rather than an explanatory theory Argues that such failings render liberal internationalism inadequate to explain or prescribe ways for the United States/West to manage the ‘rise of the rest’ today This article connects the background ideas of race and empire to world politics by looking at the world views and actions of Truman and Attlee in the Korean War. The article argues that liberal-realist internationalists’ assumptions about the US-led post-war order obscure those background ideas and fail to understand the character of the post-war order. I consider two kinds of ‘background ideas’—policy-makers’ and those embedded in liberal internationalism. Put together, these ideas render liberal-realist internationalism akin to a legitimating ideology rather than an explanatory theory. More broadly, and in the longer run, such failure to comprehend the character of the post-war order, and the roles of race, empire and periphery war in it, renders the theory inadequate to explain or prescribe ways for the United States/West to manage the ‘rise of the rest’ today.
The clinical applications of genome editing in HIV
Authors: Wang Cathy X. , Cannon Paula M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
HIV/AIDS has long been at the forefront of the development of gene- and cell-based therapies. Although conventional gene therapy approaches typically involve the addition of anti-HIV genes to cells using semirandomly integrating viral vectors, newer genome editing technologies based on engineered nucleases are now allowing more precise genetic manipulations. The possible outcomes of genome editing include gene disruption, which has been most notably applied to the CCR5 coreceptor gene, or the introduction of small mutations or larger whole gene cassette insertions at a targeted locus. Disruption of CCR5 using zinc finger nucleases was the first-in-human application of genome editing and remains the most clinically advanced platform, with 7 completed or ongoing clinical trials in T cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here we review the laboratory and clinical findings of CCR5 editing in T cells and HSPCs for HIV therapy and summarize other promising genome editing approaches for future clinical development. In particular, recent advances in the delivery of genome editing reagents and the demonstration of highly efficient homology-directed editing in both T cells and HSPCs are expected to spur the development of even more sophisticated applications of this technology for HIV therapy.
Ghrelin Impairs Prandial Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion in Healthy Humans Despite Increasing GLP-1
Authors: Tong Jenny , Davis Harold W. , Gastaldelli Amalia , D'Alessio David 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objectives:
Administration of ghrelin inhibits the acute insulin response to glucose and worsens IV glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that ghrelin may have differential effects on glucose metabolism during fasting and feeding. Our objective was to test the effects of ghrelin on glucose and insulin responses during a meal tolerance test.

Design:
Acyl ghrelin (0.26 and 2.0 μg/kg/h) or saline was infused in 13 healthy subjects on three separate occasions in randomized order. Ghrelin was infused for 45 minutes to achieve steady-state levels and continued for 240 minutes after ingestion of a liquid test meal. Primary outcomes were area under the curve for glucose and insulin secretion.

Results:
We found that ghrelin infusions of 0.26 and 2.0 μg/kg/h raised steady-state plasma total ghrelin levels to 1.7- and 4.8-fold above fasting concentrations, but did not alter fasting plasma glucose or insulin levels. During the meal tolerance test, ghrelin decreased insulin sensitivity, impaired β-cell function, and induced glucose intolerance. The high-dose ghrelin infusion also raised postprandial glucagon like peptide 1 secretion without affecting glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, or peptide YY concentrations.

Conclusions:
We conclude that both physiologic and pharmacologic doses of ghrelin worsen the glucose and β-cell responses to meal ingestion in healthy humans. The increase in postprandial glucagon like peptide 1 secretion by ghrelin suggests a novel enteroendocrine connection, but does not mitigate the glucose intolerance.
Seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the North Atlantic linked to the overwintering strategies of copepods
Authors: Friedland Kevin D. , Record Nicholas R. , Asch Rebecca G. , Kristiansen Trond , Saba Vincent S. , Drinkwater Kenneth F. , Henson Stephanie , Leaf Robert T. , Morse Ryan E. , Johns David G. , Large Scott I. , Hjøllo Solfrid S. , Nye Janet A. , Alexander Mike A. , Ji Rubao 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The North Atlantic Ocean contains diverse patterns of seasonal phytoplankton blooms with distinct internal dynamics. We analyzed blooms using remotely-sensed chlorophyll a concentration data and change point statistics. The first bloom of the year began during spring at low latitudes and later in summer at higher latitudes. In regions where spring blooms occurred at high frequency (i.e., proportion of years that a bloom was detected), there was a negative correlation between bloom timing and duration, indicating that early blooms last longer. In much of the Northeast Atlantic, bloom development extended over multiple seasons resulting in peak chlorophyll concentrations in summer. Spring bloom start day was found to be positively correlated with a spring phenology index and showed both positive and negative correlations to sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation in different regions. Based on the characteristics of spring and summer blooms, the North Atlantic can be classified into two regions: a seasonal bloom region, with a well-defined bloom limited to a single season; and a multi-seasonal bloom region, with blooms extending over multiple seasons. These regions differed in the correlation between bloom start and duration with only the seasonal bloom region showing a significant, negative correlation. We tested the hypothesis that the near-surface springtime distribution of copepods that undergo diapause (Calanus finmarchicus, C. helgolandicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus) may contribute to the contrast in bloom development between the two regions. Peak near-surface spring abundance of the late stages of these Calanoid copepods was generally associated with areas having a well-defined seasonal bloom, implying a link between bloom shape and their abundance. We suggest that either grazing is a factor in shaping the seasonal bloom or bloom shape determines whether a habitat is conducive to diapause, while recognizing that both factors can re-enforce each other.
Achieving occupational goals with the TAPit: A case study
Authors: Verikios Debbie , Hitch Danielle , Andriske Larissa 
Published: April 2016

Background/Aims:The Touch Accessible Platform for Interactive Technology (TAPit) is an interactive learning station, with a large touch screen providing access to the Internet and other resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, psychosocial and functional impact of the TAPit on an individual living with spinal cord injury.Methods:This study employed a mixed methods case study design. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively, and both quantitative and qualitative data was classified according to the dimensions.Results:The introduction of the TAPit to the participant addressed aspects of doing, being, becoming and belonging, and had an immediate and successful impact for her, as she achieved two long-held and meaningful goals during a short trial. Strengths and limitations for the TAPit were identified in regards to people with spinal cord injury, along with directions for future development.Conclusions:This case study provides the first evidence about the effectiveness of the TAPit as an item of assistive technology for people with spinal cord injury, including participant perspectives on its use. This study demonstrates its potential as a device to support people to be able to participate in meaningful activities and occupations and that the provision of suitable adaptations and apps are the key to its success.
Lower semicontinuity of a class of integral functionals on the space of functions of bounded deformation
Authors: Dal Maso Gianni , Orlando Gianluca , Toader Rodica 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe study the lower semicontinuity of some free discontinuity functionals with linear growth defined on the space of functions with bounded deformation. The volume term is convex and depends only on the Euclidean norm of the symmetrized gradient. We introduce a suitable class of surface terms, which make the functional lower semicontinuous with respect to ${L^{1}}$ convergence.
Multivalued elliptic operators with nonstandard growth
Authors: Avci Mustafa , Pankov Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the Dirichlet problem for monotone, in general multivalued, elliptic
equations with nonstandard growth condition. The growth conditions are more general than
the well-known

p
⁢

(
x
)

{p(x)}

growth. Moreover, we allow the presence of the so-called Lavrentiev
phenomenon. As consequence, at least two types of variational settings of Dirichlet problem are
available. We prove results on the existence of solutions in both of these settings. Then we
obtain several results on the convergence of certain types of approximate solutions to an exact
solution.
Improving the Dynamic Response during Field Weakening Control of IPMSM Drive System using Adaptive Hysteresis Current Control Technique
Authors: Naik Amiya , Panda Anup Kumar , Kar Sanjeeb Kumar 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the control of IPMSM drive in flux weakening region, for high speed applications. An adaptive hysteresis band current controller has been designed and implemented in this work to overcome the drawbacks which are present in case of conventional hysteresis band current controllers such as: high torque ripple, more current error, large variation in switching frequency etc. The proposed current controller is a hysteresis controller in which the hysteresis band is programmed as a function of variation of motor speed and load current. Any variation in those parameters causes an appropriate change in the band which in turns reduces the torque ripple as well as current error of the machine. The proposed scheme is modeled and tested in the MATLAB-Simulink environment for the effectiveness of the study. Further, the result is validated experimentally by using TMS320F2812 digital signal processor.
A Four Frames Analysis to Address the Information Challenges of Families of Children with ADHD: Actions for Public Libraries to Address Embedded Power Imbalances
Authors: Douglass Kimberly , Mehra Bharat 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This theoretical paper uses Bolman and Deal’s (2013) Four Frames Analysis to define the information world of families of children who present symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is explored here as an information challenge imposed by fragmented views of an ADHD information world. This call to action explores and organizes the transdisciplinary literature about ADHD experiences into a guide that informs the social justice efforts of public libraries/librarians, who can serve as intermediaries between information stakeholders and the vast array of information resources about ADHD. These intermediaries can develop collections and services to support shared decision making among various ADHD stakeholders. To support these efforts, we identify information resources needed by users. More importantly, however, we help libraries/librarians recognize the frames they use to interpret users’ information needs for collection development.