bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model Compound Vulcanization And IGC As Prediction Tools In Carbon Black Effect On Vulcanization
Authors: Vidal-Escales E. , Diago M.P. , Borrós S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe influence of carbon black (CB) in a rubber formulation can be observed during the vulcanization process. However, looking through literature there seems to be a lack of information related to the role of CBs in vulcanization reaction. The present work is focused on the application of Model Compound Vulcanization (MCV) approach and Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) to predict the role of carbon black on vulcanization.Squalene was chosen as the model molecule of natural rubber to undergo the vulcanization in the presence of carbon black. This methodology gives rise to several advantages. On one hand, the model allows following the accelerator, vulcanization intermediate compounds, and even the crosslinked model molecule. Moreover, the similarity between the model and the polymer chain allows further extrapolation to discover the real sample's performance. In order to complete the information required IGC analysis was used. IGC has been performed using both dispersive and specific probes to elucidate a wide range of CB surface active sites.The application of this prediction tool to special grades revealed different effects that have been verified with real formulations in both cases.
Beliefs and Attitudes to Bowel Cancer Screening in Patients with CKD: A Semistructured Interview Study
Authors: James Laura J. , Wong Germaine , Craig Jonathan C. , Ju Angela , Williams Narelle , Lim Wai H. , Cross Nicholas , Tong Allison 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Bowel cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in people with CKD. Shared decision making regarding cancer screening is particularly complex in CKD and requires an understanding of patients’ values and priorities, which remain largely unknown. Our study aimed to describe the beliefs and attitudes to bowel cancer screening in patients with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Face to face, semistructured interviews were conducted from April of 2014 to December of 2015 with 38 participants ages 39–78 years old with CKD stages 3–5, on dialysis, or transplant recipients from four renal units in Australia and New Zealand. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts.

Results
Five themes were identified: invisibility of cancer (unspoken stigma, ambiguity of risk, and absence of symptomatic prompting); prioritizing kidney disease (preserving the chance of transplantation, over-riding attention to kidney disease, protecting graft survival, and showing loyalty to the donor); preventing the crisis of cancer (evading severe consequences and cognizant of susceptibility); cognitive resistance (reluctance to perform a repulsive procedure, intensifying disease burden threshold, anxiety of a positive test, and accepting the inevitable); and pragmatic accessibility (negligible financial effect, convenience, and protecting anonymity).

Conclusions
Patients with CKD understand the potential health benefits of bowel cancer screening, but they are primarily committed to their kidney health. Their decisions regarding screening revolve around their present health needs, priorities, and concerns. Explicit consideration of the potential practical and psychosocial burdens that bowel cancer screening may impose on patients in addition to kidney disease and current treatment is suggested to minimize decisional conflict and improve patient satisfaction and health care outcomes in CKD.
“Currículo e Cultura” ou sobre a formação de professores nos cursos de pedagogia
Authors: Abreu Geysa Spitz A. , Bazzo Jilvania Lima dos S. 
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho está inserido em uma pesquisa mais ampla que vem discutindo a formação de professores da educação infantil e anos iniciais do ensino fundamental em nível superior. Considerando as contribuições conceituais e analíticas de Bourdieu (1978; 1983; 2001) relativas à formação cultural de estudantes advindos de distintas classes sociais, visa-se refletir acerca dos componentes curriculares para a formação de professores da educação básica. Valendo-se da abordagem qualitativa (MEKSENAS, 2003; CANDAU, 2000) como horizonte epistemológico, discute-se sobre a relação entre currículo, educação e cultura, compreende-se o perfil dos ingressantes dos cursos de licenciatura e busca-se entender os espaços e os tempos destinados à ampliação cultural dos graduandos. Para tanto, debate-se sobre uma experiência de formação inicial, no curso de Pedagogia de uma Universidade Pública do Estado de Santa Catarina, mediante a apreciação de algumas ações curriculares: atividades complementares, programas de curso/ensino e práticas de estágio curricular supervisionado. A partir dessa discussão, concebe-se a formação cultural dos futuros profissionais da educação como uma ação contínua e entende-se que, ao destinar tempo e espaço para a ampliação do repertório cultural dos licenciandos, os cursos de pedagogia contribuem para a promoção e o desenvolvimento da pessoa humana e, em última análise, para o fortalecimento da escola básica.
Whitening Efficacy of Whitening Mouth Rinses Used Alone or in Conjunction With Carbamide Peroxide Home Whitening
Authors: Oliveira JBS , Sarlo RS , Bresciani E , Caneppele TMF 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of whitening mouth rinses on teeth previously whitened or not, exposed to food dyes.

Methods and Materials:
One hundred twenty enamel-dentin specimens, 3 mm in diameter, were obtained from bovine incisors. The specimens were stained for 14 days in staining broth. After staining, the initial color reading was performed via a spectrophotometer CM-2600d (Konica Minolta). Half of specimens were submitted to whitening (10% carbamide peroxide [CP]) for 14 days. They were then divided into three groups and were submitted to cycles of staining (five minutes) and mouth rinses (two minutes) for 12 weeks, with the following: CP-LI, Listerine Whitening; CP-PL, Plax Whitening; CP-BP, bromelain + papain; CP-DW, deionized water. LI, PL, BP, and DW groups were submitted to the same cited cycles but with no prior bleaching. The color measurements were performed after four, eight, and 12 weeks of treatment with mouth rinses. Data were submitted to repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons, with significance level at 5%.

Results:
The results showed that the CP-LI, CP-PL, LI, and PL groups had greater color change than did the others. The CP-BP and BP groups were similar to CP-DW and DW.

Conclusions:
We therefore conclude that Listerine Whitening mouth rinse presented the highest bleaching effect, followed by Plax Whitening mouth rinse. Both maintained CP bleaching effect after 12 weeks of dye-rinse cycles. However, none of these rinses were able to produce whitening similar to CP. Bromelain- and papain-containing mouth rinses did not show bleaching effect, being similar to the control groups.
Long-term surgical results of supplementary motor area epilepsy surgery
Authors: Alonso-Vanegas Mario A. , San-Juan Daniel , Buentello García Ricardo M. , Castillo-Montoya Carlos , Sentíes-Madrid Horacio , Mascher Erika Brust , Bialik Paul Shkurovick , Trenado Carlos 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVESupplementary motor area (SMA) epilepsy is a well-known clinical condition; however, long-term surgical outcome reports are scarce and correspond to small series or isolated case reports. The aim of this study is to present the surgical results of SMA epilepsy patients treated at 2 reference centers in Mexico City.METHODSFor this retrospective descriptive study (1999–2014), 52 patients underwent lesionectomy and/or corticectomy of the SMA that was guided by electrocorticography (ECoG). The clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and pathological findings are described. The Engel scale was used to classify surgical outcome. Descriptive statistics, Student t-test, and Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests were used.RESULTSOf these 52 patients, the mean age at epilepsy onset was 26.3 years, and the mean preoperative seizure frequency was 14 seizures per month. Etiologies included low-grade tumors in 28 (53.8%) patients, cortical dysplasia in 17 (32.7%) patients, and cavernomas in 7 (13.5%) patients. At a mean follow-up of 5.7 years (range 1–10 years), 32 patients (61%) were classified as Engel Class I, 16 patients (31%) were classified as Engel Class II, and 4 (8%) patients were classified as Engel Class III. Overall seizure reduction was significant (p = 0.001). The absence of early postsurgical seizures and lesional etiology were associated with the outcome of Engel Class I (p = 0.05). Twenty-six (50%) patients had complications in the immediate postoperative period, all of which resolved completely with no residual neurological deficits.CONCLUSIONSSurgery for SMA epilepsy guided by ECoG using a multidisciplinary and multimodality approach is a safe, feasible procedure that shows good seizure control, moderate morbidity, and no mortality.
Population-based description of familial clustering of Chiari malformation Type I
Authors: Abbott Diana , Brockmeyer Douglas , Neklason Deborah W. , Teerlink Craig , Cannon-Albright Lisa A. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEA population-based genealogical resource with linked medical data was used to define the observed familial clustering of Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I).METHODSAll patients with CM-I were identified from the 2 largest health care providers in Utah; those patients with linked genealogical data were used to test hypotheses regarding familial clustering. Relative risks (RRs) in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were estimated using internal cohort-specific CM-I rates; the Genealogical Index of Familiality (GIF) test was used to test for an excess of relationships between all patients with CM-I compared with the expected distribution of relationships for matched control sets randomly selected from the resource. Pedigrees with significantly more patients with CM-I than expected (p < 0.05) based on internal rates were identified.RESULTSA total of 2871 patients with CM-I with at least 3 generations of genealogical data were identified. Significantly increased RRs were observed for first- and third-degree relatives (RR 4.54, p < 0.001, and RR 1.36, p < 0.001, respectively); the RR for second-degree relatives was elevated, but not significantly (RR 1.20, p = 0.13). Significant excess pairwise relatedness was observed among the patients with CM-I (p < 0.001), and borderline significant excess pairwise relatedness was observed when all relationships closer than first cousins were ignored (p = 0.051). Multiple extended high-risk CM-I pedigrees with closely and distantly related members were identified.CONCLUSIONSThis population-based description of the familial clustering of 2871 patients with CM-I provided strong evidence for a genetic contribution to a predisposition to CM-I.
Le « guerrier de Lattes » : réflexions sur la signification d’une statue archaïque
Authors: Janin Thierry , Py Michel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In 2002, a statue has been found in the antique town of Lattara. A detailed study has already been published but in this paper its significance is being discussed within the background of the foundation of the city. Reused as part of a door post for a 3rd century B. C. wall, this is a statue of a warrior wearing a rich military equipment (cardiophylax held by straps, shoulder protection crossed at the back and going under the arms, crest helmet, large belt with a three hooks fastener, cnaemid): these features allow to assume that it was executed circa 500 B. C. Very close to the military equipment seen on statues and found in Iberian and Ibero-Languedocian burials, this equipment holds also comparisons with the Italic area, Etruscan in particular, which allow to enlarge the stylistic context to the whole north-western Mediterranean. The presumed insertion of this warrior figure into a sculptural series and perharps within a sanctuary, the synchronism of its execution with the Etruscan occupation and, more hypothetically, of its destruction when it came under Massaliote control allow to consider the signification of this statue within the frame of the history of the origins of
Lattara.
Le dépôt cultuel du sanctuaire gaulois de Tintignac à Naves (Corrèze)
Authors: Maniquet Christophe 
Published: February 2017

Résumé. Le site de Tintignac fouillé au XIXe s. fait l’objet, depuis 2001, de nouvelles interventions estivales dans le cadre d’un projet de mise en valeur culturel et touristique initié par la commune. Jusqu’alors, le sanctuaire était matérialisé par quatre édifices monumentaux gallo-romains. Sous les niveaux de circulation de la cour du temple, à l’ouest, les vestiges du sanctuaire protohistorique ont été mis au jour. Le premier enclos semble avoir été édifié au plus tôt au IIe s. av. J.-C. Il est composé d’un fossé cernant une plateforme de 25 m de côté, sur laquelle ont été dégagées les empreintes d’un édifice en bois reconstruit plusieurs fois. À l’intérieur, un foyer et de nombreuses monnaies en argent mutilées ont été découverts. Dans l’un des angles de la plate-forme sacrée, près du fossé d’enclos, une petite fosse, dégagée en 2004, a livré une grande quantité d’objets métalliques, en fer et en bronze. Parmi ces objets, on retiendra la présence d’armes, d’un chaudron ainsi que d’éléments liés au harnachement. Des têtes d’animaux en bronze étaient accompagnées de plusieurs pattes ou fragments de corps en tôle de bronze. À ceci s’ajoutent neuf casques en alliage cuivreux et un en fer, dont certains possèdent une morphologie jusqu’alors inconnue. Enfin, au fond de la fosse reposaient d’importantes portions de carnyx,
ces trompettes de guerre celtiques dotées de pavillons en forme de gueules d’animaux. Bien que certains objets remontent à La Tène moyenne, l’enfouissement n’a été réalisé qu’au moment de la transformation du sanctuaire, dans les dernières décennies avant notre ère.
Un four de potier de l’âge du Fer pour la cuisson de pithoi à Béziers (Hérault) : production, diffusion et fonction du pithos dans le Midi (VIe-IVe s. av. J.-C.)
Authors: Olive Christian , Ugolini Daniela , Ratsimba Antoine , Jandot Céline , Wiégant JeanPaul 
Published: February 2017

La fouille d’un grand four de potier à 3 km de Béziers a permis d’étudier une structure destinée à la cuisson des pithoi.
Le four a fonctionné entre la fin du VIe s. av. J.-C. et la première moitié du IVe s. av. J.-C. et il s’agit, semble-t-il, du seul exemplaire dévolu à cette fonction mis au jour en Méditerranée occidentale. Il était grand et, dans la chambre de chauffe, le dispositif de soutien de la lourde sole était constitué de deux piliers latéraux rejoignant un muret central par des arcs à encorbellement. Techniquement très élaboré, ce four ne peut être comparé, en Gaule, qu’à un autre (à amphores) découvert à Marseille. Cet atelier si particulier confirme le rôle de producteur de céramique qu’a rempli Béziers pendant près de trois siècles et a été l’occasion de revenir sur un récipient à liquides (utilisé, entre autres, pour la vinification à Marseille comme à Béziers), mais adapté aussi à d’autres contenus. Ce vase, introduit en Gaule par les Grecs, est devenu courant en Méditerranée occidentale surtout à partir du début du IVe s. av. J.-C. Contrairement à une idée reçue, la fabrication de ces grands vaisseaux était complexe et ne pouvait se dérouler que dans des ateliers spécialisés établis près des matières premières (argile, eau, bois, sables et graviers) et à proximité d’une voie pour l’acheminement des ressources comme celui des produits finis.
Leur précarité n’est pas la nôtre : critiques de la norme salariale et luttes sociales minoritaires (2003-2010)
Authors: Devriendt Emilie 
Published: February 2017

Cet article étudie les usages contemporains des mots précarité et précaires faisant l’objet de conflits sémantiques explicites dans des contrediscours marginaux au sein de la « gauche radicale », pour dégager leurs enjeux politiques et discursifs. Il montre d’abord comment, à travers les contredéfinitions de la notion de précarité puis dans les pratiques de contresociotypisation associées à la nomination collective de soi comme « précaires », c’est la question de la construction d’une identité politique qui est en jeu, dans et par les luttes menées contre les normes sociales et en particulier la norme salariale – soit en général, soit sous sa forme discontinue et « flexible ». Enfin, à travers l’analyse d’un débat sur la « fierté » d’être précaire articulé autour de la distinction entre précarité subie et précarité choisie , il propose une analyse discursive de l’« ambivalence » que la sociologie politique a pu décrire comme caractéristique de cette notion.
Recensión de Rivas, A. (2015). América Latina después de PISA: Lecciones aprendidas de la educación en siete países (2000-2015). Buenos Aires: CIPPEC-Natura- Instituto
Authors: Belda-Galbis Aina 
Published: February 2017

El objetivo principal fue estudiar las políticas educativas implementadas en siete países (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú y Uruguay), que han participado habitualmente en el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Estudiantes (Program for the International Assessment of Students, PISA) desde 2000 hasta 2012.
Allochthonous sources and dynamic cycling of ocean dissolved organic carbon revealed by carbon isotopes
Authors: Zigah Prosper K. , McNichol Ann P. , Xu Li , Johnson Carl , Santinelli Chiara , Karl David M. , Repeta Daniel J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present concentration and isotopic profiles of total, size, and polarity fractionated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Station ALOHA (A Long‐term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), an oligotrophic site in the North Pacific Ocean. The data show that, between the surface and 3500 m, low molecular weight (LMW) hydrophilic DOC, LMW hydrophobic DOC, and high molecular weight (HMW) DOC constitute 22–33%, 45–52%, and 23–35% of DOC, respectively. LMW hydrophilic DOC is more isotopically depleted (δ13C of −23.9‰ to −31.5‰ and Δ14C of −304‰ to −795‰; mean age of 2850 to 15000 years) than the LMW hydrophobic DOC (δ13C of −22‰ to −23‰ and Δ14C of −270‰ to −568‰; 2470 to 6680 years) and HMW DOC (δ13C of ~−21‰ and Δ14C of −24‰ to −294‰; 135–2700 years). Our analyses suggest that a large fraction of DOC may be derived from allochthonous sources such as terrestrial and hydrothermal DOC and cycle on much longer time scales of >10000 years or enter the ocean as preaged carbon.
Modeling the dynamics of a phreatic eruption based on a tilt observation: Barrier breakage leading to the 2014 eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan
Authors: Maeda Yuta , Kato Aitaro , Yamanaka Yoshiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough phreatic eruptions are common volcanic phenomena that sometimes result in significant disasters, their dynamics are poorly understood. In this study, we address the dynamics of the phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan, in 2014 based on analyses of a tilt change observed immediately (450 s) before the eruption onset. We conducted two sets of analysis: a waveform inversion and a modified phase‐space analysis. Our waveform inversion of the tilt signal points to a vertical tensile crack at a depth of 1100 m. Our modified phase‐space analysis suggests that the tilt change was at first a linear function in time that then switched to exponential growth. We constructed simple analytical models to explain these temporal functions. The linear function was explained by the boiling of underground water controlled by a constant heat supply from a greater depth. The exponential function was explained by the decompression‐induced boiling of water and the upward Darcy flow of the water vapor through a permeable region of small cracks that were newly created in response to ongoing boiling. We interpret that this region was intact prior to the start of the tilt change, and thus, it has acted as a permeability barrier for the upward migration of fluids; it was a breakage of this barrier that led to the eruption.
Experimental and DFT Studies of Organocatalytic Microwave‐Assisted Reaction of Isatin Derivatives with Dinitrotoluenes
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Islam Nasarul , Kumar Akshay , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn organocatalytic microwave‐assisted reaction of isatin derivatives with dinitrotoluenes has been developed to provide access to variety of 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles. In addition, DFT calculations were employed to understand the reactivity differences of the various nitrotoluene derivatives.
Tetraacylgermane: hochwirksame Photoinitiatoren für die radikalische Polymerisation mit sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Radebner Judith , Eibel Anna , Leypold Mario , Gorsche Christian , Schuh Lukas , Fischer Roland , Torvisco Ana , Neshchadin Dmytro , Geier Roman , Moszner Norbert , Liska Robert , Gescheidt Georg , Haas Michael , Stueger Harald 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHier wird ein Syntheseverfahren für Tetraacylgermane Ge[(CO)R]4 (R=Mesityl (1 a), Phenyl (1 b)), eine bis dato unbekannte Verbindungsklasse hochwirksamer germaniumbasierter Photoinitiatoren, beschrieben. Tetraacylgermane sind über eine unkomplizierte Eintopfsynthese in Ausbeuten >85 % zugänglich. Ihre Strukturen konnten mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie, Massenspektrometrie und Einkristallstrukturanalyse bestätigt werden. Das Potenzial von 1 a,b als Photoinitiatoren wird durch Photobleaching‐ (UV‐Vis), zeitauflösende EPR‐ (CIDEP) und NMR/CIDNP‐Untersuchungen sowie Photo‐DSC‐Studien demonstriert. Bemerkenswerterweise übertreffen Tetraacylgermane die Leistungsfähigkeit von derzeit bekannten Photoinitiatoren für die lichtinduzierte radikalische Polymerisation im langwelligen Bereich.
Single‐Step Modular Synthesis of Unsaturated Morpholine N‐Oxides and Their Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Son Jongwoo , Kim Ki Hwan , Mo Dong‐Liang , Wink Donald J. , Anderson Laura L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA single‐flask procedure for the generation of α‐keto‐N‐alkenylnitrones through a Chan–Lam coupling and subsequent spontaneous 6π electrocyclization of these intermediates for the synthesis of 2H‐1,4‐oxazine N‐oxides has been developed for a variety of α‐ketooximes and alkenylboronic acids. This transformation provides a new approach to C‐substituted unsaturated morpholine derivatives that are poised to undergo further functionalization for the preparation of a diverse array of novel heterocyclic structures. The scope of the new method for the synthesis of 2H‐1,4‐oxazine N‐oxides is discussed, in addition to initial studies describing the cycloaddition reactivity of these new heterocyclic intermediates.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation of Enolizable Ketimines with Organomagnesium Reagents
Authors: Ortiz Pablo , Collados Juan F. , Jumde Ravindra P. , Otten Edwin , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInexpensive and readily available organomagnesium reagents were used for the catalytic enantioselective alkylation of enolizable N‐sulfonyl ketimines. The low reactivity and competing enolization of the ketimines was overcome by the use of a copper–phosphine chiral catalyst, which also rendered the transformation highly chemoselective and enantioselective for a broad range of ketimine substrates.
Facile Modulation of FLP Properties: A Phosphinylvinyl Grignard Reagent and Ga/P‐ and In/P2‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Backs Jana , Lange Merten , Possart Josephine , Wollschläger Agnes , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Uhl Werner 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn Al/P‐based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reacted with PhMgCl by an unexpected transmetalation and formation of a phosphinylvinyl Grignard reagent. This compound is well suited for the transfer of the basic FLP component to other Lewis acidic metal atoms and allowed the generation of a Ga/P and an In/P2 FLP. The Ga FLP showed a behavior different to that of the corresponding Al FLP, the In FLP allowed the chelating coordination of an Au atom by Au−Cl bond activation.