bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From pedestrian area to urban project: assets and challenges for the centre of Brussels
Authors: Hubert Michel , Corijn Eric , Neuwels Julie , Hardy Margaux , Vermeulen Sofie , Vaesen Joost 
Published: September 2017

The new pedestrian area in the centre of Brussels is one of the most important urban projects of the last decades. In 2015, the central traffic artery, Boulevard Anspach, was pedestrianised. The public space and the biggest metro stations must still be renovated. The implementation of this project and the challenges it faces are inherently complex. Experiences in Belgium and abroad show that the impact on the city centre of Brussels will be significant at different levels: the quality of public space; housing and public services; local economy and employment; mobility, logistics and accessibility; and social and cultural activities. However, recent data and analyses are fragmented, non-existent or inaccessible for all stakeholders involved. Nevertheless, an urban project may only succeed when knowledge and expertise are gathered and shared, and used to support decision-making. Therefore, BSI - Brussels Centre Observatory (BSI-BCO) is monitoring this project closely. Previously published research is further developed in this synopsis [Portfolio#1]. Part 1 discusses the context of the project. Part 2 details the four main challenges based on our first observations. The synopsis concludes with concrete scenarios to improve the overall quality and management of the project.
Anti-Inflammatory Role of Langerhans Cells and Apoptotic Keratinocytes in Ultraviolet-B–Induced Cutaneous Inflammation
Authors: Hatakeyama Mayumi , Fukunaga Atsushi , Washio Ken , Taguchi Kumiko , Oda Yoshiko , Ogura Kanako , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
UV radiation, particularly UVB, is the major risk factor for the induction of skin cancer, and it induces skin inflammation and immunosuppression. Although reports documented that Langerhans cells (LCs) play various roles in photobiology, little is known about whether they contribute to UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic cells was noted. This study focuses on the roles of LCs and apoptotic cells in UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. We show that LCs are essential for resolution of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Administration of quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluophenoxy]-methyl ketone, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor with potent antiapoptotic properties, inhibited the formation of UVB-induced apoptotic cells and aggravated UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation in wild-type mice. In contrast, exacerbation of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation following quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluophenoxy]-methyl ketone administration was not observed in LC-depleted mice. These results suggest that the interaction between LCs and apoptotic cells is critical for resolution of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Interestingly, UVB-induced apoptotic keratinocytes were increased in LC-depleted mice. In addition, we revealed that UVB-induced apoptotic keratinocytes were phagocytosed by LCs ex vivo and that prolongation of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation following treatment with Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of phagocytosis, was partially attenuated in LC-depleted mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the interaction between LCs and apoptotic cells, possibly via LC-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic keratinocytes, has an essential anti-inflammatory role in the resolution of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation.
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A3 Is Involved in the Function of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Nagaoka Masanori , Yashiro Takuya , Uchida Yuna , Ando Tomoaki , Hara Mutsuko , Arai Hajime , Ogawa Hideoki , Okumura Ko , Kasakura Kazumi , Nishiyama Chiharu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
NR4A3/NOR1 belongs to the NR4A subfamily of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which is activated in a ligand-independent manner. To examine the role of NR4A3 in gene expression of dendritic cells (DCs), we introduced NR4A3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into bone marrow–derived DCs and determined the expression levels of mRNA and proteins of cytokines, cell surface molecules, NF-κB signaling–related proteins, and transcription factors. The expression level of NR4A3 was markedly upregulated by TLR-mediated stimulation in DCs. NR4A3 knockdown significantly suppressed LPS, CpG, or poly(I:C)-mediated upregulation of CD80, CD86, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-12. Proliferation and IL-2 production levels of T cells cocultured with NR4A3 knocked-down DCs were significantly lower than that of T cells cocultured with control DCs. Furthermore, the expression of IKKβ, IRF4, and IRF8 was significantly decreased in NR4A3 siRNA-introduced bone marrow–derived DCs. The knockdown experiments using siRNAs for IKKβ, IRF4, and/or IRF8 indicated that LPS-induced upregulation of IL-10 and IL-6 was reduced in IKKβ knocked-down cells, and that the upregulation of IL-12 was suppressed by the knockdown of IRF4 and IRF8. Taken together, these results indicate that NR4A3 is involved in TLR-mediated activation and gene expression of DCs.
A Few Benchmark Test Cases for Higher-Order Euler Solvers
Authors: Pan Liang , Li Jiequan , Xu Kun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere have been great efforts on the development of higher-order numerical schemes for compressible Euler equations in recent decades. The traditional test cases proposed thirty years ago mostly target on the strong shock interactions, which may not be adequate enough for evaluating the performance of current higher-order schemes. In order to set up a higher standard for the development of new algorithms, in this paper we present a few benchmark cases with severe and complicated wave structures and interactions, which can be used to clearly distinguish different kinds of higher-order schemes. All tests are selected so that the numerical settings are very simple and any higher order scheme can be straightforwardly applied to these cases. The examples include highly oscillatory solutions and the large density ratio problem in one dimensional case. In two dimensions, the cases include hurricane-like solutions; interactions of planar contact discontinuities with asymptotic large Mach number (the composite of entropy wave and vortex sheets); interaction of planar rarefaction waves with transition from continuous flows to the presence of shocks; and other types of interactions of two-dimensional planar waves. To get good performance on all these cases may push algorithm developer to seek for new methodology in the design of higher-order schemes, and improve the robustness and accuracy of higher-order schemes to a new level of standard. In order to give reference solutions, the fourth-order gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) will be used to all these benchmark cases, even though the GKS solutions may not be very accurate in some cases. The main purpose of this paper is to recommend other CFD researchers to try these cases as well, and promote further development of higher-order schemes.
Adaptive Dimensionality-Reduction for Time-Stepping in Differential and Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Fu Xing , Nathan Kutz J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA numerical time-stepping algorithm for differential or partial differential equations is proposed that adaptively modifies the dimensionality of the underlying modal basis expansion. Specifically, the method takes advantage of any underlying low-dimensional manifolds or subspaces in the system by using dimensionality-reduction techniques, such as the proper orthogonal decomposition, in order to adaptively represent the solution in the optimal basis modes. The method can provide significant computational savings for systems where low-dimensional manifolds are present since the reduction can lower the dimensionality of the underlying high-dimensional system by orders of magnitude. A comparison of the computational efficiency and error for this method are given showing the algorithm to be potentially of great value for high-dimensional dynamical systems simulations, especially where slow-manifold dynamics are known to arise. The method is envisioned to automatically take advantage of any potential computational saving associated with dimensionality-reduction, much as adaptive time-steppers automatically take advantage of large step sizes whenever possible.
Le Conseil Général Vétérinaire. Organisation et missions
Authors: Lefèvre Pierre-Charles , Leseur Régis 
Published: September 2017

Le Conseil Général Vétérinaire est une structure de conseil et d’expertise auprès du Ministre de l’Agriculture, de l’alimentation, de la pêche et des affaires rurales chargée de toutes les questions juridiques, administratives ou techniques en relation avec le secteur vétérinaire et notamment le corps des vétérinaires-inspecteurs.
Il est composé de 35 à 40 contrôleurs généraux et est organisé en trois sections spécialisées (Administration générale, Santé publique vétérinaire et environnement, Études et prospectives) et une commission de suivie des carrières.
Dans le cadre du plan de modernisation de l’État, une réforme du corps des vétérinaires-inspecteurs devrait être menée à terme en 2002. Le corps des VI deviendrait alors un corps d’encadrement supérieur de l’État tout en s’ouvrant à des agents ayant d’autres formations initiales (ingénieurs).
FluxnetLSM R package (v1.0): a community tool for processing FLUXNET data for use in land surface modelling
Authors: Ukkola Anna M. , Haughton Ned , De Kauwe Martin G. , Abramowitz Gab , Pitman Andy J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Flux towers measure ecosystem-scale surface–atmosphere exchanges of energy, carbon dioxide and water vapour. The network of flux towers now encompasses ∼ 900 sites, spread across every continent. Consequently, these data have become an essential benchmarking tool for land surface models (LSMs). However, these data as released are not immediately usable for driving, evaluating and benchmarking LSMs. Flux tower data must first be transformed into a LSM-readable file format, a process which involves changing units, screening missing data and varying degrees of additional gap-filling. All of this often leads to an under-utilisation of these data in model benchmarking. To resolve some of these issues, and to help make flux tower measurements more widely used, we present a reproducible, open-source R package that transforms the FLUXNET2015 and La Thuile data releases into community standard NetCDF files that are directly usable by LSMs. We note that these data would also be useful for any other user or community seeking to independently quality control, gap-fill or use the FLUXNET data.
Recent changes in terrestrial water storage in the Upper Nile Basin: an evaluation of commonly used gridded GRACE products
Authors: Shamsudduha Mohammad , Taylor Richard G. , Jones Darren , Longuevergne Laurent , Owor Michael , Tindimugaya Callist 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data monitor large-scale changes in total terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS), providing an invaluable tool where in situ observations are limited. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, in the amplitude of GRACE gravity signals and the disaggregation of TWS into individual terrestrial water stores (e.g. groundwater storage). Here, we test the phase and amplitude of three GRACE ΔTWS signals from five commonly used gridded products (i.e. NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL, GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS GRACE) using in situ data and modelled soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) in two sub-basins (LVB: Lake Victoria Basin; LKB: Lake Kyoga Basin) of the Upper Nile Basin. The analysis extends from January 2003 to December 2012, but focuses on a large and accurately observed reduction in ΔTWS of 83 km3 from 2003 to 2006 in the Lake Victoria Basin. We reveal substantial variability in current GRACE products to quantify the reduction of ΔTWS in Lake Victoria that ranges from 80 km3 (JPL-Mascons) to 69 and 31 km3 for GRGS and GRCTellus respectively. Representation of the phase in TWS in the Upper Nile Basin by GRACE products varies but is generally robust with GRGS, JPL-Mascons, and GRCTellus (ensemble mean of CSR, JPL, and GFZ time-series data), explaining 90, 84, and 75 % of the variance respectively in "in situ" or "bottom-up" ΔTWS in the LVB. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from GRACE ΔTWS is greatly constrained by both uncertainty in changes in soil-moisture storage (ΔSMS) modelled by GLDAS LSMs (CLM, NOAH, VIC) and the low annual amplitudes in ΔGWS (e.g. 1.8–4.9 cm) observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks underlying the Upper Nile Basin. Our study highlights the substantial uncertainty in the amplitude of ΔTWS that can result from different data-processing strategies in commonly used, gridded GRACE products; this uncertainty is disregarded in analyses of ΔTWS and individual stores applying a single GRACE product.
Radicalizing the Digital Humanities: Reimagining Environmental Justice Research and Teaching
Authors: Ruiz Stevie , Areguin Maira , Estrada Eduardo , Jimenez Jesus , Lopez Diane , Sanchez Karla , Valenzuela Janet 
Published: September 2017

This article is about collaboration between students and professors on environmental justice research in digital humanities labs. A collective of university students and their professor investigated digital archives pertaining to the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) using mind mapping software called XMind. Our purpose was to enable and organize findings on segregation and discrimination within CCC camps. The impact this research had on students who came from interdisciplinary backgrounds was exposure to the use of technological resources in the context of an increasing need to use technology to preserve historical archives, carry out research, and make connections to other research on the topic of environmental justice. Interdisciplinary in their approach, students used mind mapping software to organize data visually. Lab members recognized that visualization of information allowed students to think about how to organize information using methods of historical analysis. It allowed them to organize information about Chicana/o participation in CCC camps according to social categories such as race, class, and gender. As a collective of students and faculty, we are enthusiastic about sharing our journey with digital humanities software so that other teachers may experiment with their own attempts at radicalizing the digital humanities.
EFFECT OF FILLER TYPE AND CONTENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NR/SBR NANOCOMPOSITE BLEND
Authors: Raiati Maryam , Kalaee Mohammadreza , Mazinani Saeedeh 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The effect of type and content of nanofiller on the cure behavior, cure characteristics, and mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of the vulcanized SBR/NR (30/70) blend nanocomposites containing carbon black were investigated. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were used as reinforcing agents at different levels ranging from 0 to 5 phr. Two nanofillers affected the cure characteristics of the blended vulcanizates in opposite ways. While the gradual incorporation of HNT into the elastomer blend shortened the scorch time along with an increase in the effective torque of resulting nanocomposite compared to the unfilled blend, the progressive addition of CaCO3 into the blend monotonically prolonged the scorch time in conjunction with a decrease in the effective torque of vulcanizate sample. Mechanical tests showed enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength of HNT-filled nanocomposites as the HNT content was increased. Nanocomposites reinforced with HNT exhibited significantly higher extensibility than the unfilled blend. In the case of CaCO3-filled nanocomposites, the elastic modulus and ultimate strength decreased upon the addition of CaCO3 nanoparticles, whereas the strain at break showed a substantial increase compared to unfilled compound. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results revealed a monotonic shift of damping peak's temperature toward higher temperatures with HNT loading in HNT-filled vulcanizate nanocomposites. For CaCO3-filled nanocomposites, the damping peak's temperature shifted to higher temperatures at first and then shifted back to lower temperatures at higher loadings of CaCO3. The damping peak's intensity of the CaCO3-filled nanocomposites was considerably higher than the unfilled blend, indicating higher damping capability in these systems.
Impactos (turísticos ou não) nas comunidades indígenas brasileiras
Authors: Corbari Sandra Dalila , Bahl Miguel , De Souza Silvana Do Rocio 
Published: September 2017

Os impactos ou efeitos provocados pelo processo de desenvolvimento da atividade turística nas localidades receptoras são amplamente abordados na literatura sobre o turismo. Em alguns casos apontam-se os impactos negativos desse desenvolvimento como a mercantilização da cultura, a caricaturização do grupo visitado e de seus recursos tradicionais e o efeito demonstração. No entanto, o desenvolvimento turístico gera também efeitos positivos, como a valorização cultural, preservação e resgate de traços culturais e preservação do patrimônio. Com isso, para o presente artigo se teve como objetivo geral “identificar quais seriam os agentes de potenciais mudanças socioculturais nas comunidades indígenas brasileiras” através da construção do marco teórico e, em seguida, da pesquisa documental, utilizando como base teses e dissertações brasileiras, publicadas entre 1999 e 2012, sobre o turismo envolvendo comunidades indígenas. Constatou-se com a pesquisa que o turismo estava sendo apenas um dos agentes de potenciais mudanças socioculturais, sendo outros tão ou mais impactantes quanto essa atividade, tais como ações de órgãos governamentais, instituições religiosas e o setor imobiliário.
Can a Short Video Improve Inhaler Use in Urban Youth?
Authors: Brown Sara , Lehr Victoria Tutag , French Nathan , Giuliano Christopher Alan 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE
The primary aim was to determine whether watching a short video in the inpatient setting could produce an immediate improvement in pediatric patients' asthma knowledge and inhaler technique.

METHODS
This prospective, quasi-experimental, pre-post study was conducted in a single center, in Detroit, Michigan, which primarily serves an urban, African-American population. Patients were eligible if they were between 8- and 16-years-old, had asthma, and would be discharged with an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. The primary outcome was improvement in the composite score of a knowledge and technique assessment before and after watching a 5-minute video. The lead author developed the video with content validation by pharmacists, pediatricians, elementary school teachers, and a pediatric health education specialist. Secondary outcomes at 30 days included change in asthma control and whether the video was revisited after discharge.

RESULTS
Thirty patients were enrolled. Their average age was 11 ± 2.1 years; they were primarily African American (83%), female (53%), and insured by Medicaid (87%). The composite score of technique assessment and written quiz increased by 3.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.81 to 4.85) of a possible 16 points after watching the video. There was no significant change in asthma control at 30 days as measured by the asthma control test (2, 95% CI −0.53 to 4.53). Eight of 22 patients revisited the video after discharge.

CONCLUSIONS
A brief educational video delivered during a pediatric inpatient visit in an urban medical center resulted in an immediate improvement in patients' disease knowledge and inhaler technique.
Mechanistic Drivers of Reemergence of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Zhai Ping , Rodgers Keith B. , Griffies Stephen M. , Slater Richard D. , Iudicone Daniele , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Resplandy Laure 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRelatively rapid reemergence of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Equatorial Pacific is of potential importance for its impact on the carbonate buffering capacity of surface seawater and thereby impeding the ocean's ability to further absorb Cant from the atmosphere. We explore the mechanisms sustaining Cant reemergence (upwelling) from the thermocline to surface layers by applying water mass transformation diagnostics to a global ocean/sea ice/biogeochemistry model. We find that the upwelling rate of Cant (0.4 PgC yr−1) from the thermocline to the surface layer is almost twice as large as air‐sea Cant fluxes (0.203 PgC yr−1). The upwelling of Cant from the thermocline to the surface layer can be understood as a two‐step process: The first being due to diapycnal diffusive transformation fluxes and the second due to surface buoyancy fluxes. We also find that this reemergence of Cant decreases dramatically during the 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 El Niño events.
Characterization of a Double Mesospheric Bore Over Europe
Authors: Smith Steven M. , Stober Gunter , Jacobi Christoph , Chau Jorge L. , Gerding Michael , Mlynczak Martin G. , Russell James M. , Baumgardner Jeffrey L. , Mendillo Michael , Lazzarin Monica , Umbriaco Gabriel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObservations of a pair of mesospheric bore disturbances that propagated through the nighttime mesosphere over Europe are presented. The observations were made at the Padua Observatory, Asiago (45.9°N, 11.5°E), by the Boston University all‐sky imager on 11 March 2013. The bores appeared over the northwest horizon, approximately 30 min apart, and propagated toward the southeast. Using additional satellite and radar data, we present evidence indicating the bores originated in the mesosphere from a single, larger‐scale mesospheric disturbance propagating through the mesopause region. Furthermore, the large‐scale mesospheric disturbance appeared to be associated with an intense weather disturbance that moved southeastward over the United Kingdom and western Europe during 10 and 11 March.
The First Use of Coordinated Ionospheric Radio and Optical Observations Over Italy: Convergence of High‐and Low‐Latitude Storm‐Induced Effects
Authors: Cesaroni C. , Alfonsi L. , Pezzopane M. , Martinis C. , Baumgardner J. , Wroten J. , Mendillo M. , Musicò E. , Lazzarin M. , Umbriaco G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIonospheric storm effects at midlatitudes were analyzed using different ground‐based instruments distributed in Italy during the 13–15 November 2012 geomagnetic storm. These included an all‐sky imager (ASI) in Asiago (45.8°N, 11.5°E), a network of dual‐frequeny Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS network), and ionosondes in Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E). GPS measurements showed an unusual enhancement of total electron content (TEC) in southern Italy, during the nights of 14 and 15 November. The ASI observed colocated enhancements of 630 nm airglow at the same time, as did variations in NmF2 measured by the ionosondes. Moreover, wave‐like perturbations were identified propagating from the north. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, applied to TEC values revealed the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) propagating southward between 01:30 UT and 03:00 UT on 15 November. These TIDs were characterized by weak TEC oscillations (~ ±0.5 TEC unit), period of 45 min, and velocity of 500 m/s typical of large‐scale TIDs. Optical images showed enhanced airglow entering the field of view of the ASI from the N‐NE at 02:00 UT and propagating to the S‐SW, reaching the region covered by the GPS stations after 03:00 UT, when TEC fluctuations are very small (~ ±0.2 TEC unit). The enhancement of TEC and airglow observed in southern Italy could be a consequence of a poleward expansion of the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly. The enhanced airglow propagating from the north and the TEC waves resulted from energy injected at auroral latitudes as confirmed by magnetometer observations in Scandinavia.