bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of NMR‐based milk metabolite analysis in milk authenticity identification
Authors: Li Qiangqiang , Yu Zunbo , Zhu Dan , Meng Xianghe , Pang Xiumei , Liu Yue , Frew Russell , Chen He , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMilk is an important food component in the human diet and is a target for fraud, including many unsafe practices. For example, the unscrupulous adulteration of soymilk into bovine and goat milk or of bovine milk into goat milk in order to gain profit without declaration is a health risk, as the adulterant source and sanitary history are unknown. A robust and fit‐for‐purpose technique is required to enforce market surveillance and hence protect consumer health. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterization of food products based on measuring the profile of metabolites. In this study, 1D NMR in conjunction with multivariate chemometrics as well as 2D NMR was applied to differentiate milk types and to identify milk adulteration.RESULTSTen metabolites were found which differed among milk types, hence providing characteristic markers for identifying the milk. These metabolites were used to establish mathematical models for milk type differentiation. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of adulteration was 2% (v/v) for soymilk in bovine milk, 2% (v/v) for soymilk in goat milk and 5% (v/v) for bovine milk in goat milk, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10%, which can meet the needs of daily inspection.CONCLUSIONThe NMR method described here is effective for milk authenticity identification, and the study demonstrates that the NMR‐based milk metabolite analysis approach provides a means of detecting adulteration at expected levels and can be used for dairy quality monitoring. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Satellite Thermography for Soil Salinity Assessment of Cropped Areas in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ivushkin Konstantin , Bartholomeus Harm , Bregt Arnold K. , Pulatov Alim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA change of canopy temperature can indicate stress in vegetation. Use of canopy temperature to assess salt stress in specific plant species has been well studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, but its potential for use in landscape‐level studies using remote sensing techniques has not yet been explored. Our study investigated the application of satellite thermography to assess soil salinity of cropped areas at the landscape level. The study region was Syrdarya Province, a salt‐affected, irrigated semi‐arid province of Uzbekistan planted mainly to cotton and wheat. We used moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite images as an indicator for canopy temperature and the provincial soil salinity map as a ground truth dataset. Using analysis of variance, we examined relations among the soil salinity map and canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, and digital elevation model. The results showed significant correlations between soil salinity and canopy temperature, but the strength of the relation varied over the year. The strongest relation was observed for cotton in September. The calculated F values were higher for canopy temperature than for the other indicators investigated. Our results suggest that satellite thermography is a valuable landscape‐level approach for detecting soil salinity in areas under agricultural crops. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The many faces of SRPK1
Authors: Bullock Nicholas , Oltean Sebastian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSerine–arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) phosphorylates proteins involved in the regulation of several mRNA‐processing pathways, including alternative splicing. SRPK1 has been recently reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioma. Several studies have shown that inhibition of SRPK1 has anti‐tumoural effects, and SRPK1 has therefore become a new candidate for targeted therapies. Interestingly, in terms of molecular mechanism, SRPK1 seems to act heterogeneously, and has been reported to affect several processes in different cancers, e.g. angiogenesis in prostate and colon cancer, apoptosis in breast and colon cancer, and migration in breast cancer. A recent report adds to this puzzle, showing that the main effect of SRPK1 overexpression in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma is to stimulate a stem cell‐like phenotype. This pleiotropy might be related to preferential activation of different downstream signalling pathways by SRPK1 in various cancers. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Are ultrasound renal aspects associated with urinary biochemistry in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction?
Authors: Nassr Ahmed A. , Koh Chester Koh , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Espinoza Jimmy , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , Sharhan Dina , Welty Stephen , Angelo Joseph , Roth David , Belfort Michael A. , Braun Michael , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between ultrasonographic renal parameters and urine biochemistry in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO).MethodsData were collected prospectively from 31 consecutive fetuses with LUTO that underwent vesicocentesis for fetal urinary biochemistry between April 2013 and September 2015. The following renal ultrasound markers were assessed immediately before the vesicocentesis: renal echogenicity, presence of cortical cysts, presence of findings suggestive of ‘renal dysplasia’ (hyperechogenic cystic kidneys with no cortical‐medullary differentiation) and severe oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid < 5th percentile). The association of these parameters to the fetal urinary concentration of sodium, chloride, calcium, osmolality and beta2‐microglobulin was investigated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere was no relationship between any of the ultrasonographic fetal renal characteristics and fetal urinary biochemistry.ConclusionsIn LUTO, the ultrasound appearance of the fetal kidneys and urinary biochemistry are not correlated. It may be better to take both ultrasound and biochemistry into account when evaluating fetuses with fetal LUTO. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/nanodiamond composites prepared by melt mixing: effect of surface functionality of nanodiamond
Authors: Karami Pooria , Shojaei Akbar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSurface chemistry of as‐received nanodiamond (ND) was first tailored by dry thermal oxidation to obtain carboxylated ND (ND‐COOH) and by wet chemistry to obtain ethylenediamine‐functionalized ND (ND‐EDA). Then, the surface‐functionalized ND particles were dispersed in polyamide 6 (PA6) using the melt‐mixing method. Transmission optical and scanning electron microscopies indicated a fine dispersion at low nanodiamond concentrations, e.g. 0.25 wt%, particularly with ND‐EDA. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that ND‐EDA favoured the α‐phase crystal and enhanced the degree of crystallinity of PA6. Experimental data indicated that ND‐EDA had considerably improved tensile properties at low concentration of 0.25 wt% compared to ND‐COOH, which was correlated to the fine dispersion and stronger and thicker interphase in the case of ND‐EDA. It was also found that the toughness of PA6 was improved on incorporation of ND‐EDA due to development of microcracking and crazing. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Applying high‐throughput computational techniques for discovering next‐generation of permanent magnets
Authors: Nieves P. , Arapan S. , Hadjipanayis G. C. , Niarchos D. , Barandiaran J. M. , Cuesta‐López S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe uncertainty in rare‐earth market resulted in worldwide efforts to develop rare‐earth‐lean/free permanent magnets. In this paper, we discuss about this problem and analyse how advances in computational and theoretical condensed matter physics could be essential in the development of a new generation of high‐performance permanent magnets via high‐throughput computational technique for material design. Additionally, we show that an adaptive genetic algorithm based methodology could be a useful tool for finding new magnetic phases. In particular, we apply such approach to Fe0.75Sn0.25 compound recovering well‐known experimental results and also finding new low‐energy magnetic metastable structures. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prediction of rapid intensification of tropical cyclone Phailin over the Bay of Bengal using the HWRF modelling system
Authors: Osuri Krishna K. , Nadimpalli Raghu , Mohanty Uma C. , Niyogi Dev 
Published: November 2016

The study objective is to assess the impact of cloud‐permitting resolution and improved representation of multiscale processes on the ability to predict rapid intensification (RI) and structure of Phailin (2013), one of the strongest tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Bay of Bengal. The state‐of‐the‐art Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modelling system is used with two different configurations. The first configuration uses a static domain of 27 km grid size with a movable nested domain of 9 km grid size (hereafter H2D). The second configuration has an additional movable nested domain of 3 km grid size (known as H3D) to resolve meso‐ and vortex‐scale features respectively.The results clearly show the ability of the H3D system at cloud‐permitting resolution (3 km) in predicting the TC movement, intensity and structure. The storm‐to‐vortex scale interaction in H3D allowed for better prediction of large‐scale wind flow, low‐level wind asymmetry and PV tendency, and provided insight to improve track predictions. The vortex depth is another important factor and the shallow vortex in the H2D run interacted differently with the large‐scale environment and resulted in large track and intensity errors. Substantial gains are noticed in RI and structure prediction, mainly due to better simulation of diabatic heating, strong inflow, and moisture distribution in H3D, where the intensity errors are ≤11 knots (5.6 m s−1) up to the 72 h forecast, and up to 40 knots (20.5 m s−1) in the H2D version. The upper‐level warming is well resolved in the H3D as compared to the H2D run. In summary, this study highlights the need for considering multiscale interactions and improved physics along with high‐resolution initialization to resolve convective processes in the vortex and to realistically predict track, structure, and intensity changes.
Differences in foraging behavior in wild and pen‐raised northern bobwhites
Authors: Jung Jacob F. , Hayslette Steven E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIncreased mortality rates of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) raised in captivity and stocked into the wild compared with wild bobwhites may be due to differences in antipredatory behaviors. We assessed behavior of wild and pen‐raised bobwhites foraging under risk of predation in a captive situation at the Tennessee Tech University Avian Research Facility, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA, during March–April 2008 and February–March 2009. We hypothesized wild bobwhites were more sensitive to predation risk than pen‐raised bobwhites and evaluated the relative contributions of time allocation, vigilance, and foraging efficiency in avoiding predation among wild and pen‐raised bobwhites. Coveys of 4 bobwhites were presented with 3 food patches at presumed safe, moderately risky, and risky distances from cover in 10‐hr trials. Food consumption, vigilance, time allocation, foraging efficiency, and average realized covey size were measured using video recordings for each patch, and compared between wild and pen‐raised bobwhites and among patch risk levels. Both wild and pen‐raised bobwhites foraged more in safe patches than in riskier patches. Vigilance rates were similar between wild and pen‐raised bobwhites. However, pen‐raised bobwhites spent more time foraging at riskier patches than did wild bobwhites. Wild bobwhites foraged more efficiently than did pen‐raised bobwhites, with foraging efficiency of wild bobwhites increasing in risky patches. Greater foraging efficiency and associated shorter foraging time among wild bobwhites may make them less susceptible to predation than pen‐raised bobwhites. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum transcriptome in response to changes in dissolved oxygen levels
Authors: Liu Xiuxia , Yang Sun , Wang Fen , Dai Xiaofeng , Yang Yankun , Bai Zhonghu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The dissolved oxygen (DO) level of a culture of Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) in a bioreactor has a significant impact on the cellular redox potential and the distribution of energy and metabolites. In this study, to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of DO on the metabolism of C. glutamicum, we sought to systematically explore the influence of different DO concentrations on genetic regulation and metabolism through transcriptomic analysis. The results revealed that after 20 h of fermentation, oxygen limitation enhanced the glucose metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and carbon overflow, and restricted NAD+ availability. A high oxygen supply enhanced the TCA cycle and reduced glyoxylate metabolism. Several key genes involved in response of C. glutamicum to different oxygen concentrations were examined, which provided suggestions for target site modifications in developing optimized oxygen supply strategies. These data provided new insights into the relationship between oxygen supply and metabolism of C. glutamicum.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicological Properties of New Cationic Bleach Activators
Authors: Wang Guan , Umbuzeiro Gisela de Aragão , Vendemiatti Josiane Aparecida , de Oliveira Adria Caloto , Vacchi Francine Inforçato , Hussain Maqbool , Hauser Peter J. , Freeman Harold S. , Hinks David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThree new bleach activators for cotton containing pyridinium (PBBC), nicotinamido (NABBC), and 3‐methylpyridinium (3‐PBBC) cationic groups were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and HPLC–mass spectrometry. They were then applied to cotton fabric in a bleaching process and evaluated for their performance against the prototype N‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC) at a relatively low bleaching temperature (55 °C) and pH 8.5. Measurement of Commission internationale de l’éclairage (International Commission on Illumination) (CIE) whiteness index (WI) values showed that PBBC (WI = 64), NABBC (WI = 58), and 3‐PBBC (WI = 71) impart a significant increase in CIE whiteness compared to a control sample (WI = 40). Among the three new activators, 3‐PBBC exhibited the best performance. Its WI was comparable to that of fabric bleached using the prototype bleach activator TBBC. The acute toxicity of TBBC and the new bleach activators was evaluated using the microcrustacean Daphnia similis. The chronic toxicity of TBBC and 3‐PBBC was evaluated using the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, and mutagenicity was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay using the strain TA100. 3‐PBBC was 86 times less toxic to D. similis, 18 times less toxic to R. subcapitata, and 10 times less mutagenic to TA100 in comparison with TBBC.
Elderly Perceptions of Social Capital and Age-Related Disaster Vulnerability
Authors: Meyer Michelle Annette 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveElderly individuals are considered at elevated risk of disaster impacts owing to increased health concerns, reduced mobility, and fixed economic resources. Social capital can counteract these vulnerabilities by increasing the likelihood of hearing disaster warnings, providing social ties to assist with preparation and evacuation, and providing access to financial or nonfinancial resources. I aimed to analyze the relationship between age and perceptions of disaster-related social capital.MethodsI used mailed surveys and in-person interviews with a sample of residents from 2 Florida counties to study perceptions of social capital available for disaster.ResultsThe results showed that age has a negative effect on perceptions of social capital resources available during a disaster. The elderly reported fewer social ties overall and much fewer social ties that could provide financial assistance, if necessary, during a disaster.ConclusionsThese results indicate that social capital may not counteract the social vulnerabilities of elderly persons to disaster impacts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:48–55)
Nonlinear coupling of interfacial instabilities with resonant wave interactions in horizontal two-fluid plane Couette–Poiseuille flows: numerical and physical observations
Authors: Campbell Bryce K. , Hendrickson Kelli , Liu Yuming 
Published: November 2016

We investigate mechanisms governing the initial growth and nonlinear evolution of interfacial waves in horizontal two-fluid plane Couette–Poiseuille flows. Nonlinear coupling of the Kelvin–Helmholtz interfacial instability with resonant wave interactions has been shown to be capable of rapidly generating long waves through the transfer of energy from linearly unstable short waves to stable long-wave components within the context of potential flow theory. The objective of this work is to determine whether that coupled mechanism persists in laminar and turbulent viscous flows. Utilizing both theoretical and computational methods, we analyse the initial Orr–Sommerfeld instability to quantify the frequencies and growth/decay rates of each wave mode for two-fluid laminar and turbulent channel flows. The obtained dispersion relation allows for the identification of resonant and/or near-resonant triads among (unstable and damped) wave components in an interfacial wave spectrum. We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the two-phase Navier–Stokes equations with a fully nonlinear interface to formally establish the validity of our theoretical predictions for viscous flows. DNS results show the existence of a nonlinear energy cascade from unstable short- to damped long-wavelength waves due to resonant subharmonic and/or triadic interactions in both laminar Couette and turbulent Poiseuille flows. Spectral analysis of the interfacial evolution confirms that the combined instability–resonance mechanism persists in the presence of viscosity despite being derived under the assumption of potential flow theory. Finally, we perform a detailed examination of experimentally measured wave power spectra from Jurman et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 238, 1992, pp. 187–219) and carry out a numerical sensitivity study of the flow conditions to demonstrate and verify the existence of the coupled instability–resonance mechanism in physical systems. Our analysis accurately predicts the initial instability and the resulting nonlinear energy cascade through subharmonic and triadic interfacial wave resonances.
Effects of arginine on intestinal epithelial cell integrity and nutrient uptake
Authors: Xia Mi , Ye Lulu , Hou Qihang , Yu Qinghua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractArginine is a multifaceted amino acid that is critical to the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Oral arginine administration has been shown to improve mucosal recovery following intestinal injury. The present study investigated the influence of extracellular arginine concentrations on epithelial cell barrier regulation and nutrition uptake by porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The results show that reducing arginine concentration from 0·7 to 0·2 mmdid not affect the transepithelial electrical resistance value, tight-junction proteins (claudin-1, occludin, E-cadherin), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) and mucin-1 expression. Furthermore, reducing arginine concentration stimulated greater expression of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT1), excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT3) and alanine/serine/cysteine transporter (ASCT1) mRNA by IPEC-J2 cells, which was verified by elevated efficiency of amino acid uptake. Glucose consumption by IPEC-J2 cells treated with 0·2 mm-arginine remained at the same physiological level to guarantee energy supply and to maintain the cell barrier. This experiment implied that reducing arginine concentration is feasible in IPEC-J2 cells guaranteed by nutrient uptake and cell barrier function.
The Sexuality of Malcolm X
Authors: PHELPS CHRISTOPHER 
Published: November 2016

This article engages the controversy over whether Malcolm Little, who would become Malcolm X, had same-sexual encounters. A minute sifting of all evidence and claims, augmented by new findings, yields strong indication that Malcolm Little did take part in sex acts with male counterparts. If set in the context of the 1930s and 1940s, these acts position him not as a “homosexual lover,” as has been asserted, but in the pattern of “straight trade” – heterosexual men open to sex with homosexuals – an understanding that in turn affords insights into the black revolutionary's mature masculinity.
The Nikaidoh procedure for complex transposition of the great arteries: short-term follow-up
Authors: Ventosa-Fernández Guillermo , Pérez-Negueruela Carolina , Mayol Javier , Paradela Marina , Caffarena-Calvar José M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical treatment for complex forms ofd-transposition of the great arteries associated with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction remains controversial. In this study, we describe the classical surgical options – namely, the Rastelli procedure and the “réparation à l’étage ventriculaire” – and present our experience with the modified Nikaidoh procedure with early and short-term follow-up results.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2014, four patients withd-transposition of the great arteries associated with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction underwent surgical repair at our institution by means of a modified Nikaidoh procedure.ResultsWith a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, survival was 100%, and none of the patients required re-intervention or mechanical circulatory support. There was no recurrence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and no aortic valve regurgitation classified as more than mild. Left ventricular function was preserved.ConclusionsAortic translocation with the modified Nikaidoh procedure is a safe and effective surgical treatment for certain complex forms of transposition of the great arteries, particularly those associated with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. It is associated with less need for re-intervention and better morbidity and mortality results in the short- and mid-term follow-up, when compared with the classical alternatives such as the Rastelli procedure.