bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presenting a conceptual model of data collection to manage the groundwater quality
Authors: Nourbakhsh Zahra , Yousefi Hossein 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA conceptual model was proposed in the present study, which highlighted important independent and dependent variables in order to managing the groundwater quality. Furthermore, the methods of selection of variable and collection of related data were explained. The study was carried out in the Tajan Plain, north of Iran; 50 drinking wells were considered as sampling points. In this model the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was proposed to select the indicator water quality parameters. According to expert opinions and characteristics of the study area ten factors were chosen as variables influencing the quality of groundwater (land use types, lithology units, geology units, distance of wells to the outlet, distance to the residential areas, direction toward the residential areas, depth of the groundwater table, the type of aquifer, transmissivity and population). Geographic Information System (AecGIS 9.3) was used to manage the spatial-based variables and the data of non-spatial-based variables were obtained from relevant references. A database, which contains all collected data related to groundwater quality management in the studied area, was created as the output of the model. The output of this conceptual model can be used as an input for quantitative and mathematical models. Results show that 6 parameters (sulphate, iron, nitrate, electrical conductivity, calcium, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were the best indicators for groundwater quality analysis in the area. More than 50% of the wells were drilled in the depth of groundwater table about 5 meters, in this low depth pollutants can load into the wells and also 78% of the wells are located within 5 km from the urban area; it can be concluded from this result that the intensive urban activities could affect groundwater quality.
Selection of a semivariogram model in the study of spatial distribution of soil moisture
Authors: Obroślak Radomir , Dorozhynskyy Oleksandr 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper presents a selection of a semivariogram model in the study of spatial variability of soil moisture in a loess agricultural catchment. Soil moisture tests were carried out in the Moszenki village, 15 km northwest of Lublin. Soil moisture measurements were performed at two dates at 104 points, located on a rectangular surface measuring 700 × 1200 m. These points were laid out in the corners of a grid of squares with sides 100 m. In addition, 6 measurements were made at a distance of less than 100 m from the nearest points. Soil moisture was measured in the soil surface (0–5 cm). ArcGis software with Geostatistical Analyst extension was used for modelling semivariograms. In both terms, five models of semivariograms were used: stable, circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian. Kriging was used for the estimation of soil moisture values. Among the semivariogram models analyzed in this study, the largest errors in the determined values of soil moisture relative to the empirical data were observed for the exponential model, and the smallest for the Gaussian model. However, it should be emphasized that the values of the analysed errors for the individual semivariogram models were similar. Application of the ordinary kriging method for interpolation of spatial distribution of soil moisture yields good results, but it has to be kept in mind that the final shape of the spatial distribution is influenced by the choice of the semivariance function model.
Application of SARIMA model to forecasting monthly flows in Waterval River, South Africa
Authors: Tadesse Kassahun Birhanu , Dinka Megersa Olumana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKnowledge of future river flow information is fundamental for development and management of a river system. In this study, Waterval River flow was forecasted by SARIMA model using GRETL statistical software. Mean monthly flows from 1960 to 2016 were used for modelling and forecasting. Different unit root and Mann–Kendall trend analysis proved the stationarity of the observed flow time series. Based on seasonally differenced correlogram characteristics, different SARIMA models were evaluated; their parameters were optimized, and diagnostic check up of forecasts was made using white noise and heteroscedasticity tests. Finally, based on minimum Akaike Information (AI) and Hannan–Quinn (HQ) criteria, SARIMA (3, 0, 2) x (3, 1, 3)12model was selected for Waterval River flow forecasting. Comparison of forecast performance of SARIMA models with that of computational intelligent forecasting techniques was recommended for future study.
Carbon dioxide emission from raised bog surface after peat extraction
Authors: Turbiak Janusz , Ćwiklińska Paulina , Duda Filip 
Published: December 2017

AbstractResearch on CO2 emission from a raised bog after completion of peat extraction was performed in 2011–2013. CO2 emissions were determined by the chamber method. Twenty years after the termination of peat extraction, the bog surface was almost entirely devoid of plants. CO2 emission from the bog varied depending on temperature and water conditions and was 418 mg·m−2·h−1 on average during the research period. CO2 losses on the raised bog were on average 19.7 Mg·ha−1·year−1 during the research period which corresponded to a carbon loss of 5.37 Mg·ha−1·year−1 or mineralisation of 9.6 Mg·ha−1·year−1 of organic mass of 56% carbon content. It is possible to reduce organic mass losses and CO2 emission to the atmosphere from the bog surface after peat extraction has been terminated by reconstruction of initial water conditions, i.e. retaining a high ground water level and restoration of aquatic plant communities.
Virtual water evaluation for grains productsin Iran Case study: pea and bean
Authors: Yousefi Hossein , Mohammadi Ali , Mirzaaghabeik Mitra , Noorollahi Younes 
Published: December 2017

AbstractShortage of water is considered as one of the most important straits of agricultural development in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to determine virtual water used to pea and bean production and water use efficiency, select the best area for cultivating these two grains and find the virtual water budget for the aforementioned grains. The results showed that among the three provinces main producers of pea in Iran, the highest virtual water of pea belongs to Lorestan with 3534 dm3·kg−1 and the lowest belongs to West Azerbaijan with 2660 dm3·kg−1 in irrigated cultivation. Water use efficiency in irrigated cultivation in Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan are at the same level; however, Kermanshah has enjoyed much more level of virtual water. For beans, the highest amount of virtual water in irrigated cultivation belongs to Lorestan (3651 dm3·kg−1) and the lowest amount refers to Markazi (2725 dm3·kg−1) and also the highest level of water use efficiency for this product refers to Markazi. Also it was found that 160.15 mln m3 of water has been exported from the country water resources by these products so virtual water budget for studied crops were negative.
Dynamics of physicochemical parameter concentrations in the Graniczna Woda stream water
Authors: Żarnowiec Wioletta , Policht-Latawiec Agnieszka , Pytlik Agnieszka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper presents variability of physicochemical parameter concentrations and determined the potential and chemical status of water in the Graniczna Woda stream, the right bank tributary to the Stoła River. The stream catchment area of 41.5 km2 is covered mainly by forests. A lowland stream flows through part of the Upper Silesia Industrial Region through three districts. A biological-mechanical municipal sewage treatment plant operates in the area of Miasteczko Śląskie, as well as a factory sewage treatment plant of Zinc Plant. The data base used in the papers consisted of the results obtained from the Provincial Inspectorate of the Environmental Protection in Katowice, monthly analyses of water samples collected in the years 2009–2013 in the control-measurement points located by the mouth of the Stoła River. 34 physicochemical indices were analyzed in the paper. Statistically significant upward trends were determined over the period of investigations for values of electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids, Cl, SO4, NO2-N and Zn in the stream water. Statistically significant downward trend was noted for total hardness. It was stated that both the potential and chemical status o the stream water were below good. Exceeded limit values for quality class II determined for oxygen and organic indices (chemical oxygen demand COD-Mn, total organic carbon TOC), salinity (EC, SO4, Cl, Ca, hardness) and biogenic indices and substances particularly harmful for aquatic environment (Zn, Tl) as well as exceeded allowable heavy metal concentrations may evidence a constant inflow of heavy metals to the aquatic environment of the Graniczna Woda stream from municipal and industrial sewage.
Discourse and discrimination in Charlottesville: The rhetoric of white supremacists during the violent unrest in August 2017
Authors: Szilágyi Anna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the discourse of white supremacists in the context of the violent protests that took place in August 2017, in the American city of Charlottesville. During the demonstrations, one person was killed and many others were seriously injured after a car rammed into the anti-racist and anti-fascist counter-protestors. The research scrutinizes the utterances of the white supremacist protestors before, during, between, and after the demonstrations, as presented in the Vice News documentary, “Charlottesville: Race and Terror”. The systematic analysis emphasizes that the rhetoric of the white supremacists was blatantly discriminatory and racist, and the significance of this in the assessment of the violent demonstrations shall not be downplayed. The rhetoric of the white supremacists in Charlottesville targeted Black Americans, Jews, and political opponents. The speakers utilized a full-fledged rhetorical arsenal to discriminate against and attack the out-groups. This included (1) plural personal pronouns; (2) the possessive form “ouf”; (3) victim-victimizer reversals; (4) vulgar referencing; (5) dehumanizing metaphors; and (6) appeals to violence. Through introducing the role and relevance of these devices in the language of white supremacists in Charlottesville, the research also maps their interconnectedness in the analyzed discourses in particular and in discriminatory and racist rhetoric in general.
Coaches: Pedagogues of Sport? Methodological Attempt to Study the Pedagogical Beliefs of Hungarian Football Coaches
Authors: Varga Dániel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Not only are coaches supposed to be excellent in their sports, but they should also be good pedagogues. However, according to public opinion, most coaches’ only aim is to reach the highest performance possible with their athletes. The objective of this paper is to examine whether this common assumption is also true of football coaches. Adapting the concept of a nationwide study of teachers’ pedagogical views, the author attempts to discover Hungarian football coaches’ pedagogical beliefs, their opinions on the most important tools of education, the content of human values transmitted during education, and their educational creeds. At the same time, the paper analyzes how the conceptual framework and the methods used in the research among the teachers can be transformed to the special conditions regarding the coaches’ work. The results of the research show how the football coaches interpret the term “education,” what they think about the most influential tools of education, and which educational values and creeds they identify themselves. The conclusion of the paper is that both the findings of a pilot study among football coaches and the adaptation of the methods used in the research to reveal the teachers’ pedagogical views proved to be beneficial and instructive.
Montmorillonite as the catalyst in oxidation of limonene with hydrogen peroxide and in isomerization of limonene
Authors: Malko Mariusz , Antosik Adrian Krzysztof , Wróblewska Agnieszka , Czech Zbigniew , Wilpiszewska Katarzyna , Miądlicki Piotr , Michalkiewicz Beata 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In our studies montmorillonite (MMT) was used as the heterogeneous, natural catalyst. This material was previously prepared by bentonite purification with help of the sedimentation method. The obtained catalyst was characterized by: XRD, SEM, BET and EDX. Catalytic tests with montmorillonite as the catalyst were performed with the natural terpene – R-(+)-limonene. This compound was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide and, moreover, in the separate process it was also isomerized. As the main products of limonene oxidation were detected: (1,2-8,9)-diepoxide, perillyl alcohol, carvone, carveol, 1,2-epoxylimonene and 1,2-epoxylimonene diol. In the isomerization of R-(+)-limonene were formed: terpinenes, terpinolene and p-cymene. Conversions of limonene in these processes reached 70–80%. The application of montmorillonite (the natural of origin) in the studied processes (oxidation and isomerization) is environmentally friendly, it allows to reduce the cost of the studied processes. The resulting products of the processes of oxidation and isomerization of R-(+)-limonene have many applications.
Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite with magnetic separation performance
Authors: Konicki Wojciech , Siber Daniel , Narkiewicz Urszula 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Magnetic ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite (ZnFe-NC) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solution. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, BET and FTIR. The effects of various parameters such as initial RB concentration (5–25 mg L−1), pH (3.4–11.1) and temperature (20–60°C) were investigated. The adsorption capacity at equilibrium increased from 5.02 to 9.83 mg g−1, with the increase in the initial concentration of RB from 5 to 25 mg L−1 at pH 7.0 and at 20°C. The experimental results indicated that the maximum RB removal could be attained at a solution pH of 4.4 and the adsorption capacity obtained was 6.02 mg g−1. Kinetic adsorption data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption kinetics well fitted using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using two isotherm models, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior of the RB onto ZnFe-NC fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) have been calculated.
(In)efficiency of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy: Ukraine, Brexit, Trump and beyond
Authors: Filipec Ondřej 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The main aim of this article is to explore and analyze key determinants of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy efficiency. For this purpose a 3C analytical approach is used, exploring EU foreign and security policy consistency, capacities and the dimension of cooperation. Article analyzes both horizontal and vertical, consistency of EU Foreign and Security policy especially with connection to Ukraine crises and diverging interests of EU member states. EU capacities are explored with main focus on military spending and challenges related to limited spending. EU military decline is put in contrast with new emerging regional powers. In the area of cooperation article is dedicated mainly to ineffective partnership with Turkey, cold attitude of Trump administration towards Europe and the implications of Brexit for EU foreign and security policy.
The Ukraine Crisis Reflections in the Speeches of USA and Russian Political Leaders
Authors: Unikaitė-Jakuntavičienė Ingrida , Matulkaitė Rita 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on the rhetoric of USA and Russian political leaders during the Ukraine crisis by analyzing changes appearing in their speeches during the different stages of the crisis. The goal of the analysis is to investigate the speeches delivered by political leaders of the United States and Russia, being important actors in the Ukraine crisis, by identifying both countries’ attitudes to one another, further intentions regarding the management of the crisis and changes of topics in each stage. The speeches of the following most influential politicians in foreign policy formation in the USA and Russia are analyzed: President Barack Obama, Secretary of State John Kerry and Vice President Joe Biden, President Vladimir Putin, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Medvedev. The speeches were collected from the official websites of U.S. and Russian government institutions. The analysis revealed that from the beginning of the crisis the main tool in the Ukraine crisis was rhetoric. Western parties began to take real actions only later: sanctions on Russia were imposed, international organizations started to play more active role, ceasefire agreements were signed. In terms of communications strategies used by both countries, the USA rhetoric and its communication strategy as well as Russian leaders were using a combination of proactive and reactive strategies.
Youth Labour Market in Romania’s Development Regions in the Framework of Sustainable Development and of a Knowledge-based Economy
Authors: Bălan Mariana 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Even if the issue of youths’ inclusion in the labour market was always an important item on political agendas, during the last two decades this issue had particular relevance. In the last years, unemployment for this age group had unprecedented amplitude, reaching 20.6% in Romania in 2016. Modern societies provide for youths opportunities, still they are faced with major challenges related to the education and training and access to the labour force market.
During the last decades, the world economy shifted in a continuous process from development based on traditional factors to the knowledge-based economy. The development of the knowledge-based economy leads to changes in labour force demand also: new skills and competences are required. As new technologies are implemented, the demand for high-skilled workers increases, especially for high-skilled ones in the field of Information and Communication (IC), and the demand for low-skilled workers decreases.
The paper presents a brief characterisation of the labour force market at the level of Romania‘s regions of development and an analysis of the particularities of the youths’ labour market in the context of sustainable development and of the new economy as well as some advantages of using young labour force for sustainable development.
Quasi-One-Dimensional Modeling and Analysis of RBCC Dual-Mode Scramjet Engine
Authors: Cheng Feng , Tang Shuo , Zhang Dong , Li Yi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The quasi-one-dimensional method for the dual-mode scramjet (DMR) of the hypersonic RBCC powered vehicle was simplified in most of open researches. Furthermore, these simplified method can not fully capture the processes of wall heat transfer, changes in the boundary layer and the ratio of specific heat and the transonic flow in the reacting flow. Addressing this problem, we establish the models for processing core flow area, transonic flow and pre-combustion shock train (PCST) based on the governing equations for quasi-one-dimensional flow and certain assumptions. Thus the quasi-one-dimensional model of dual-mode scramjet engine that incorporates the changes in wall heat transfer and in the ratio of specific heat is built. Then, the reliability and accuracy of the model are assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by experiment and CFD numerical simulation. There is a high agreement between the theoretical calculations and the results of experimental data and CFD numerical simulation. This work expands the application scope and increases the reliability of quasi-one-dimensional model of dual-mode scramjet engine in RBCC engine. The results shed new light on the preliminary performance assessment and engineering application of dual-mode scramjet engine.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Cross-Modal Phonetic Encoding
Authors: Shahin Antoine J. , Backer Kristina C. , Rosenblum Lawrence D. , Kerlin Jess R. 
Published: December 2017

Audiovisual (AV) integration is essential for speech comprehension, especially in adverse listening situations. Divergent, but not mutually exclusive, theories have been proposed to explain the neural mechanisms underlying AV integration. One theory advocates that this process occurs via interactions between the auditory and visual cortices, as opposed to fusion of AV percepts in a multisensory integrator. Building upon this idea, we proposed that AV integration in spoken language reflects visually induced weighting of phonetic representations at the auditory cortex. EEG was recorded while male and female human subjects watched and listened to videos of a speaker uttering consonant vowel (CV) syllables /ba/ and /fa/, presented in Auditory-only, AV congruent or incongruent contexts. Subjects reported whether they heard /ba/ or /fa/. We hypothesized that vision alters phonetic encoding by dynamically weighting which phonetic representation in the auditory cortex is strengthened or weakened. That is, when subjects are presented with visual /fa/ and acoustic /ba/ and hear /fa/ (illusion-fa), the visual input strengthens the weighting of the phone /f/ representation. When subjects are presented with visual /ba/ and acoustic /fa/ and hear /ba/ (illusion-ba), the visual input weakens the weighting of the phone /f/ representation. Indeed, we found an enlarged N1 auditory evoked potential when subjects perceivedillusion-ba, and a reduced N1 when they perceivedillusion-fa, mirroring the N1 behavior for /ba/ and /fa/ in Auditory-only settings. These effects were especially pronounced in individuals with more robust illusory perception. These findings provide evidence that visual speech modifies phonetic encoding at the auditory cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe current study presents evidence that audiovisual integration in spoken language occurs when one modality (vision) acts on representations of a second modality (audition). Using the McGurk illusion, we show that visual context primes phonetic representations at the auditory cortex, altering the auditory percept, evidenced by changes in the N1 auditory evoked potential. This finding reinforces the theory that audiovisual integration occurs via visual networks influencing phonetic representations in the auditory cortex. We believe that this will lead to the generation of new hypotheses regarding cross-modal mapping, particularly whether it occurs via direct or indirect routes (e.g., via a multisensory mediator).