bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic strategies for microbial glycerol overproduction
Authors: Lim Chanyuen , Lin Annette Luhe , Zhao Hua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGlycerol as a platform chemical has wide applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries and is a useful feedstock for the production of bio‐based chemicals. There is an increasing demand for sustainable glycerol production and microbial glycerol production is a promising alternative. The paper highlighted this new trend and summarized recent research progress on microbial glycerol production, and focused mainly on the efforts achieved in rational design of S. cerevisiae, as well as Escherichia coli, to overcome the limitations of glycerol production in these two microorganisms. More efforts are required for overcoming hurdles in yield and productivity enhancement for large scale production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic variation and biogeography of the spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus from core and peripheral populations
Authors: David Solomon R. , Wright Jeremy J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) shows a disjunct natural distribution, with a core population extending from the central Mississippi River Basin to the U.S. gulf coast and a peripheral population in the southern Great Lakes Basin. Despite significant conservation concerns for this species in the Great Lakes watersheds where it occurs, few genetic examinations and comparisons of these populations have been performed. We investigated inter‐ and intrapopulational variation in several mitochondrial genetic markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI; cytochrome oxidase subunit II, COII; and 16S rRNA, 16S) from spotted gars taken from core and peripheral populations. Genetic diversity was highest in the Mississippi River Basin and lowest in the Great Lakes Basin, while the Nueces River Basin (Texas) population showed the greatest level of divergence from other populations. Average genetic distance among core and peripheral populations was over an order of magnitude less than that seen between L. oculatus and its sister species, the Florida gar (L. platyrhincus), although a significant correlation was found between genetic and geographical distance in L. oculatus. Genetic divergence in spotted gars is likely to be related to a combination of geographic isolation and founder effects associated with recent colonization following glacial retreat. Despite its apparent lack of significant genetic differentiation or haplotype diversity, the Great Lakes population of spotted gars has previously been shown to be a unique component of the species, and additional studies are needed to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying regional adaptations as well as potential morphological differentiation among spotted gar populations.
Hypervalent aryliodine compounds as precursors for radiofluorination
Authors: Pike Victor W. 
Published: October 2017

Over the last 2 decades or so, hypervalent iodine compounds, such as diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides, have emerged as useful precursors for labeling homoarenes and heteroarenes with no‐carrier‐added cyclotron‐produced [18F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.8 min). They permit rapid and effective radiofluorination at electron‐rich as well as electron‐deficient aryl rings, and often with unrestricted choice of ring position. Consequently, hypervalent aryliodine compounds have found special utility as precursors to various small‐molecule 18F‐labeling synthons and to many radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. This review summarizes this advance in radiofluorination chemistry, with emphasis on precursor synthesis, radiofluorination mechanism, method scope, and method application.
Examining Relationships between Transformational Leadership and Employee Creative Performance: The Moderator Effects of Organizational Culture
Authors: Golden John H. , Shriner Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examined whether organizational culture moderates relationships between transformational leadership (TFL) and employee self‐rated creative performance (CP). A convenience sample of 147 working professionals from 109 Fortune 500 organizations participated in the study by completing measures of their organizations’ cultures, their managers’ leadership styles, and their own CP, as well as relevant control measures. Adhocracy culture type moderated the relationship between levels of TFL and CP. Consequently, market culture type was a non‐significant moderator for predicting TFL–CP relationships. Both adhocracy and market culture types were non‐significant mediators of TFL on CP. The theoretical model in this study provides an important extension of TFL and organizational culture theories and a greater understanding of how adhocracy culture interacts with TFL to influence employee CP. This study also provides researchers and practitioners with a better comprehension of how to achieve higher levels of CP given the interaction between TFL and adhocracy culture.
IGF‐1 signaling mediated cell‐specific skeletal mechano‐transduction
Authors: Tian Faming , Wang Yongmei , Bikle Daniel D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTMechanical loading preserves bone mass and stimulates bone formation, whereas skeletal unloading leads to bone loss. In addition to osteocytes, which are considered the primary sensor of mechanical load, osteoblasts, and bone specific mesenchymal stem cells also are involved. The skeletal response to mechanical signals is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling pathways including that of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). Conditional osteocyte deletion of IGF‐1 ablates the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Similarly, osteocyte IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) expression is necessary for reloading‐induced periosteal bone formation. Transgenic overexpression of IGF‐1 in osteoblasts results in enhanced responsiveness to in vivo mechanical loading in mice, a response which is eliminated by osteoblastic conditional disruption of IGF‐1 in vivo. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) from unloaded bone fail to respond to IGF‐1 in vitro. IGF‐1R is required for the transduction of a mechanical stimulus to downstream effectors, transduction which is lost when the IGF‐1R is deleted. Although the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, the IGF signaling pathway and its interactions with potentially interlinked signaling cascades involving integrins, the estrogen receptor, and wnt/β‐catenin play an important role in regulating adaptive response of cancer bone cells to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances investigating how IGF‐1 and other interlinked molecules and signaling pathways regulate skeletal mechano‐transduction involving different bone cells, providing an overview of the IGF‐1 signaling mediated cell‐specific response to mechanical stimuli. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:576–583, 2018.
Minimal mechanical load and tissue culture conditions preserve native cell phenotype and morphology in tendon—a novel ex vivo mouse explant model
Authors: Wunderli Stefania L. , Widmer Jonas , Amrein Niklaus , Foolen Jasper , Silvan Unai , Leupin Olivier , Snedeker Jess G. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAppropriate mechanical load is essential for tendon homeostasis and optimal tissue function. Due to technical challenges in achieving physiological mechanical loads in experimental tendon model systems, the research community still lacks well‐characterized models of tissue homeostasis and physiological relevance. Toward this urgent goal, we present and characterize a novel ex vivo murine tail tendon explant model. Mouse tail tendon fascicles were extracted and cultured for 6 days in a load‐deprived environment or in a custom‐designed bioreactor applying low magnitude mechanical load (intermittent cycles to 1% strain, at 1 Hz) in serum‐free tissue culture. Cells remained viable, as did collagen structure and mechanical properties in all tested conditions. Cell morphology in mechanically loaded tendon explants approximated native tendon, whereas load‐deprived tendons lost their native cell morphology. These losses were reflected in altered gene expression, with mechanical loading tending to maintain tendon specific and matrix remodeling genes phenotypic of native tissue. We conclude from this study that ex vivo load deprivation of murine tendon in minimal culture medium results in a degenerative‐like phenotype. We further conclude that onset of tissue degeneration can be suppressed by low‐magnitude mechanical loading. Thus a minimal explant culture model featuring serum‐free medium with low mechanical loads seems to provide a useful foundation for further investigations. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1383–1390, 2018.
Porites coral response to an oceanographic and human impact gradient in the Line Islands
Authors: Carilli Jessica E. , Hartmann Aaron C. , Heron Scott F. , Pandolfi John M. , Cobb Kim , Sayani Hussein , Dunbar Robert , Sandin Stuart A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoral bleaching caused by heat stress (warm water) will arguably be the greatest driver of coral reef loss in the coming decades. Understanding how corals have adapted to distinct oceanographic regimes on multiple scales can provide insight into future tolerance and persistence, information critical to directed intervention or targeted protections. The northern Line Islands span a gradient in oceanographic regimes across latitudes, with seawater becoming warmer, fresher, more oligotrophic, and more saturated with aragonite away from the equator. The combination of this regional gradient and island‐scale (local) conditions was used as a natural experiment against which to test how massive Porites corals respond to these background conditions and episodic heat stress. We found that coral condition, represented by a metric combining tissue thickness, lipids, and calcification, was similar at almost all islands, though there were differences in how corals allocate resources among these biological parameters. Corals at Teraina, the most densely inhabited island, showed evidence for reduced calcification, potentially associated with human impacts and/or outflow of freshwater from the island. In contrast, Porites corals at Palmyra, a wildlife reserve, exhibited unexpectedly high tissue‐condition metrics for its latitude, suggesting an additional food source, possibly plankton‐rich lagoonal outflow. We did not find a strong relationship between human habitation and the response of Porites corals to recent heat stress. However, differences in coral calcification rates and energy stores between observed values and those expected based solely on the regional oceanographic gradient, suggests local effects have indirect impacts on these corals.
Effects of water level fluctuations on nitrogen dynamics in littoral macrophytes
Authors: Lu Jing , Bunn Stuart E. , Burford Michele A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSustained water level drawdown followed by rewetting has the potential to shift macrophytes from a nutrient sink to a source, but the fate of macrophyte‐derived nutrients after rewetting is not well understood. We investigated the fate of released nitrogen (N) from isotopically labeled macrophyte litter over a 4‐week period after rewetting. We used three treatments: (1) different species in the litter (invasive Cabomba caroliniana vs. native Hydrilla verticillata); (2) sediment desiccation history (“dried then rewetted” vs. “constantly wet”); (3) living macrophytes (presence vs. absence). Our results showed that the Cabomba litter treatment had a significantly higher percentage of macrophyte‐derived 15N in the dissolved fraction of the water column and assimilated by phytoplankton (higher chlorophyll a concentrations), compared to the Hydrilla litter. The treatments with sediment desiccation also had a significantly higher percentage of 15N in the dissolved fraction and used by phytoplankton after rewetting, but less in the sediment, compared to the constantly wet treatment. The presence of living macrophytes partially reduced the 15N increase in the water column and/or sediment, but the scale of the effect was species‐ and biomass‐dependent. Our study showed that sediment pre‐desiccation changed the fate of macrophyte‐derived 15N after rewetting, increasing the impact on water quality. This was further exacerbated by the presence of litter from an invasive species. This study highlights the need to manage water levels to maintain healthy macrophyte beds and thereby addressing water quality issues in lakes and reservoirs.
3D axial and circumferential wall shear stress from 4D flow MRI data using a finite element method and a laplacian approach
Authors: Sotelo Julio , Dux‐Santoy Lydia , Guala Andrea , Rodríguez‐Palomares José , Evangelista Arturo , Sing‐Long Carlos , Urbina Jesús , Mura Joaquín , Hurtado Daniel E. , Uribe Sergio 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo decompose the 3D wall shear stress (WSS) vector field into its axial (WSSA) and circumferential (WSSC) components using a Laplacian finite element approach.MethodsWe validated our method with in silico experiments involving different geometries and a modified Poiseuille flow. We computed 3D maps of the WSS, WSSA, and WSSC using 4D flow MRI data obtained from 10 volunteers and 10 patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). We compared our method with the centerline method. The mean value, standard deviation, root mean‐squared error, and Wilcoxon signed rank test are reported.ResultsWe obtained an error <0.05% processing analytical geometries. We found good agreement between our method and the modified Poiseuille flow for the WSS, WSSA, and WSSC. We found statistically significance differences between our method and a 3D centerline method. In BAV patients, we found a 220% significant increase in the WSSC in the ascending aorta with respect to volunteers.ConclusionWe developed a novel methodology to decompose the WSS vector in WSSA and WSSC in 3D domains, using 4D flow MRI data. Our method provides a more robust quantification of WSSA and WSSC in comparison with other reported methods. Magn Reson Med 79:2816–2823, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Reduced cerebral vascularization in experimental neuronopathic Gaucher disease
Authors: Smith Nicholas JC , Fuller Maria , Saville Jennifer T , Cox Timothy M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe glycosphingolipidosis, Gaucher disease, in which a range of neurological manifestations occur, results from a deficiency of acid β‐glucocerebrosidase, with subsequent accumulation of β‐glucocerebroside, its upstream substrates, and the non‐acylated congener β‐glucosylsphingosine. However, the mechanisms by which end‐organ dysfunction arise are poorly understood. Here, we report strikingly diminished cerebral microvascular density in a murine model of disease, and provide a detailed analysis of the accompanying cerebral glycosphingolipidome in these animals, with marked elevations of β‐glucosylsphingosine. Further in vitro studies confirmed a concentration‐dependent impairment of endothelial cytokinesis upon exposure to quasi‐pathological concentrations of β‐glucosylsphingosine. These findings support a premise for pathogenic disruption of cerebral angiogenesis as an end‐organ effect, with potential for therapeutic modulation in neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, properties and thermal stability of water‐soluble poly(potassium 1‐hydroxyacrylate‐co‐styrene) copolymer
Authors: Kumar Bijender , Negi Yuvraj Singh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present work investigates the structure properties of copolymers using thermogravimetric analysis, hot stage microscopy, static light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis and a Brookfield viscometer. Poly(potassium 1‐hydroxyacrylate) (PKHA) is a water‐soluble polymer. However, the copolymer of styrene and 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐one is not water soluble at equal molar ratio because the polystyrene reduces the solubility. The effect of styrene on poly(potassium 1‐hydroxyacrylate‐co‐styrene) copolymer, i.e. poly(KHA‐co‐St), was investigated for the increasing solubility of the copolymer. The solubility was increased at a lower molar ratio of styrene such as 0.4 in the copolymer. It was found that the copolymer was soluble in water when a content ratio of 68/32 mol% of homopolymer was incorporated in poly(KHA68‐co‐St32) copolymer as determined by NMR analysis. Also the poly(KHA68‐co‐St32) copolymer was found to be salt tolerant, possessed water absorption capacity and was thermally stable up to 183 °C. Moreover, it is shown that the polystyrene content plays a key role in the thermal stability of the copolymer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical Proteomics for Precision Medicine: The Bladder Cancer Case
Authors: Latosinska Agnieszka , Frantzi Maria , Vlahou Antonia , Merseburger Axel S. , Mischak Harald 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrecision medicine can improve patient management by guiding therapeutic decision based on molecular characteristics. The concept has been extensively addressed through the application of ‐omics‐based approaches. Proteomics attract high interest, as proteins reflect a “real‐time” dynamic molecular phenotype. Focusing on proteomics applications for personalized medicine, a literature search was conducted to cover: a) disease prevention, b) monitoring/ prediction of treatment response, c) stratification to guide intervention, and d) identification of drug targets. The review indicates the potential of proteomics for personalized medicine by also highlighting multiple challenges to be addressed prior to actual implementation. In oncology, particularly bladder cancer, application of precision medicine appears especially promising. The high heterogeneity and recurrence rates together with the limited treatment options, suggest that earlier and more efficient intervention, continuous monitoring, and the development of alternative therapies could be accomplished by applying proteomics‐guided personalized approaches. This notion is backed by studies presenting biomarkers that are of value in patient stratification and prognosis, and by recent studies demonstrating the identification of promising therapeutic targets. Herein, we aim to present an approach whereby combining the knowledge on biomarkers and therapeutic targets in bladder cancer could serve as basis towards proteomics‐guided personalized patient management.
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once‐daily abediterol in patients with stable, persistent asthma: a Phase II, randomized, 7‐day, crossover study
Authors: Beier Jutta , Fuhr Rainard , Seoane Beatriz , Massana Eric , de Miquel Gonzalo , Pujol Helena , Ruiz Sandrine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAbediterol is a once‐daily, long‐acting β2‐adrenergic agonist in development for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of three dose levels of abediterol, given once daily for 7 days in patients with stable, persistent asthma. This was an ascending‐dose, three‐period incomplete crossover study design investigating three dose levels of abediterol versus placebo (EudraCT No. 2008‐003732‐38). Twenty‐eight male patients (25–59 years) were randomized to one of four treatment sequences (1:1:1:1). Follow‐up was 7 days after final treatment. Spirometry was performed regularly up to 24 h postdose Day 1, up to 36 h postdose Day 7, and at follow‐up. Vital signs, 12‐lead electrocardiogram, and clinical laboratory tests were recorded throughout. Abediterol 2.5, 5, and 10 μg provided clinically and statistically significant improvements from baseline (predose, Day 1) in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) versus placebo on Day 7 (primary endpoint) of 334, 365, and 294 mL, respectively (all P < 0.01), and peak FEV1 versus placebo on Day 7 of 364 (P < 0.001), 403 (P < 0.001), and 375 mL (P < 0.01), respectively. Days 1 and 7 area under the curve (AUC) parameters within each abediterol group were similar for AUC0–6, AUC0–12, AUC0–24, and AUC12–24, with dose‐dependent effects observed on Day 1. Abediterol (2.5–10 μg) demonstrated a good safety and tolerability profile. Abediterol 2.5, 5, and 10 μg once daily achieved statistically and clinically significant improvements in pulmonary function versus placebo over 7 days and demonstrated a safety and tolerability profile comparable with placebo.
Incompatibility of chemical protein synthesis inhibitors with accurate measurement of extended protein degradation rates
Authors: Chan Christina , Martin Philip , Liptrott Neill J. , Siccardi Marco , Almond Lisa , Owen Andrew 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProtein synthesis inhibitors are commonly used for measuring protein degradation rates, but may cause cytotoxicity via direct or indirect mechanisms. This study aimed to identify concentrations providing optimal inhibition in the absence of overt cytotoxicity. Actinomycin D, cycloheximide, emetine, and puromycin were assessed individually, and in two‐, three‐, and four‐drug combinations for protein synthesis inhibition (IC50) and cytotoxicity (CC50) over 72 h. Experiments were conducted in HepG2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes (PRH). IC50 for actinomycin D, cycloheximide, emetine, and puromycin were 39 ± 7.4, 6600 ± 2500, 2200 ± 1400, and 1600 ± 1200 nmol/L; with corresponding CC50 values of 6.2 ± 7.3, 570 ± 510, 81 ± 9, and 1300 ± 64 nmol/L, respectively, in HepG2 cells. The IC50 were 1.7 ± 1.8, 290 ± 90, 620 ± 920, and 2000 ± 2000 nmol/L, with corresponding CC50 values of 0.98 ± 1.8, 680 ± 1300, 180 ± 700, and 1600 ± 1000 (SD) nmol/L, respectively, in PRH. CC50 were also lower than the IC50 for all drug combinations in HepG2 cells. These data indicate that using pharmacological interference is inappropriate for measuring protein degradation over a protracted period, because inhibitory effects cannot be extricated from cytotoxicity.
Daikenchuto (TU‐100) alters murine hepatic and intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes in an in vivo dietary model: effects of gender and withdrawal
Authors: Nobutani Kentaro , Miyoshi Jun , Musch Mark W. , Nishiyama Mitsue , Watanabe Junko , Kaneko Atsushi , Yamamoto Masahiro , Yoshida Masaru , Kono Toru , Jeong Hyunyoung , Chang Eugene B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerbal medicines and natural products used for maintenance of health or treatment of diseases have many biological effects, including altering the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of other medications. Daikenchuto (TU‐100), an aqueous extract of ginger, ginseng, and Japanese green pepper fruit, is a commonly prescribed Kampo (Japanese herbal medicine) for postoperative ileus or bloating. The effects of TU‐100 on drug metabolism have not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of TU‐100 on expression of key drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters (DTs) in murine liver and gastrointestinal tract using a dietary model. Liver, jejunum, and proximal colon were analyzed for phase I and II DMEs and DT mRNA expression by reverse transcription (RT) first by nonquantitative and followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein expression. Liver, jejunum, and proximal colon expressed some identical but also unique DMEs and DTs. TU‐100 increased the greatest changes in cytochrome (Cyp) 2b10 and Cyp3a11 and Mdr1a. Basal and TU‐100 stimulated levels of DME and DT expression were gender‐dependent, dose‐dependent and reversible after cessation of TU‐100 supplementation, except for some changes in the intestine. Quantitative Western blot analysis of protein extracts confirmed the quantitative PCR results.