bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microemulsions as Platforms for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs - A Review
Authors: Siqueira Leite Claudia Batista , Coelho Janaina Moreira , Muehlmann Luis Alexandre , Azevedo Ricardo Bentes , Sousa Marcelo Henrique 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Delivery rates in cutaneous applications are limited by the skin barrier and
also by the physical-chemical properties of the drug in the formulation. A lipophilic drug has more
affinity, and can permeate the epidermis more easily than a hydrophilic drug. The potential use of
nano-sized dispersions as distribution systems for hydrophilic drugs is being investigated.

Objective:
To analyze the literature with regard to the development of microemulsions (ME) for
transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs, with a view to identifying strategies to increase the permeation
of these drugs.

Results:
One hundred and eleven articles were potentially relevant to the combination of search criteria.
After excluding duplicated articles, the abstracts of 83 articles were read. Of these, 73 did not
meet the inclusion criteria. To complete the review process, the whole text of 10 articles was evaluated.

Conclusion:
The main factors that positively influenced the permeation of hydrophilic drugs were
low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant; concentrations of about 40% of
surfactants and 30% of aqueous phase for the water-in-oil (W/O) systems; the addition of permeation
promoters to the systems; and the association of physical methods during the application of the ME.
The results offered support for the development of new topical microemulsions for hydrophilic drug
delivery.
Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Table Olives on the ImmuneInflammatory Responses: Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Gambino Caterina M. , Accardi Giulia , Aiello Anna , Candore Giuseppina , Dara-Guccione Giovanni , Mirisola Mario , Procopio Antonio , Taormina Giusi , Caruso Calogero 
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective:
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the common element among
the Mediterranean countries. It can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food, thanks to its
bioactive compounds. It can act and modulate different processes linked to ageing and age-related
diseases related to a common chronic low grade inflammation. Depending on the cultivar, the growth
conditions, the period of harvesting, the productive process and time of product storage, EVOO could
contain different amount of vegetal components. Of course, the same is for table olives.

Methods:
The aim of our review is to summarize the effects of EVOO and table olives on the immunemediated
inflammatory response, focusing our attention on human studies.

Results:
Our report highlights the effect of specific molecules obtained from EVOO on the modulation
of specific cytokines and anti-oxidants suggesting the importance of the daily consumption of both
EVOO and table olives in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern. In addition, the different action
on immune-inflammatory biomarkers, are depending on the olive tree cultivar.

Conclusion:
Thanks to their bioactive compounds, EVOO and table olive can be considered as nutraceutical
and functional foods. The beneficial effects analysed in this review will help to understand
the potential application of specific olive components as therapeutic adjuvant, supplements or drugs.
The Protective Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Immune-mediated Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Casas Rosa , Estruch Ramon , Sacanella Emilio 
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective:
The increasing interest in the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet)
hinges on the relevant role it plays in inflammatory diseases. Several clinical, epidemiological and
experimental evidences suggest that consumption of the MeDiet reduces the incidence of certain pathologies
related to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and immune system diseases such as cancer,
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These reductions can be partially attributed to extra
virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption which has been described as a key bioactive food because of its
high nutritional quality and its particular composition of fatty acids, vitamins and polyphenols. Indeed,
the beneficial effects of EVOO have been linked to its fatty acid composition, which is very rich in
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and has moderate saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA). The current knowledge available on the beneficial effects of EVOO and its phenolic compounds,
specifically its biological properties and antioxidant capacity against immune-mediated inflammatory
responses (atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, inflammatory
bowel disease or neurodegenerative disease, among others) in addition to its potential clinical applications.

Conclusion:
The increasing body of studies carried out provides compelling evidence that olive polyphenols
are potential candidates to combat chronic inflammatory states.
Do Cannabinoids Confer Neuroprotection Against Epilepsy? An Overview
Authors: Capasso Anna 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Cannabinoid-based medications provide not only relief for specific symptoms, but also arrest or delay of disease progression in patients with pain, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions. Although they also seem to hold potential as anticonvulsant agents, evidence of their efficacy in epilepsy is supported by several evidences.

Method:
The data reviewed herein lend support to the notion that the endocannabinoid signalling system plays a key modulation role in the activities subserved by the hippocampus, which is directly or indirectly affected in epilepsy patients.

Conclusion:
The notion is supported by a variety of anatomical, electrophysiological, biochemical and pharmacological findings. These data suggest the need for developing novel treatments using compounds that selectively target individual elements of the endocannabinoid signalling system.
Implementasi Penilaian Autentik Kurikulum 2013 pada Rapor Online di SMK Negeri 6 Malang
Authors: Sudiyanto Galih , Sutadji Eddy , Rudiyanto Eddy 
Published: December 2017

One factor that is considered difficult to implement by teacher in the 2013 Curriculum is authentic assessment. However, this can be overcome with an online report that was initiated by Dispendik for all schools in the city of Surabaya. The study aims to see the implementation of authentic assessment in the 2013 Curriculum at a school that have implemented online report in Malang, namely SMK Negeri 6 Malang. The method used was a case study using questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The validity of research findings was examined using data triangulation technique. The respondents were productive teachers who teach automotive skills in the same class so that there is a correlation between the data obtained from the teachers and the students. The result shows that the implementation of authentic assessment in the 2013 Curriculum at SMK Negeri 6 Malang is in good category and teachers were greatly assisted by the online report.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Salah satu faktor yang sulit untuk dilaksanakan oleh guru dalam Kurikulum 2013 adalah penilaian autentik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 pada sekolah yang sudah menerapkan rapor online di Kota Malang. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 6 Malang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengecekan keabsahan temuan penelitian menggunakan teknik trianggulasi data. Responden adalah guru produktif keahlian Otomotif yang mengajar pada kelas yang sama sehingga ada korelasi antara data yang didapat dari guru dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pemahaman guru SMK Negeri 6 Malang terhadap penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 sangat baik sebesar 90%, (2) Pelaksanaan penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 oleh guru SMK Negeri 6 Malang sudah baik sebesar 70, (3) Manajemen rapor online oleh Tim IT sudah baik dalam memudahkan pelaksanakan penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 di SMK Negeri 6 Malang sebesar 80%.
The Other Dimension of Caring Thinking (with a new commentary by Phillip Cam)
Authors: Sharp Ann Margaret 
Published: December 2017

Life comes from physical or biological survival. But the good life comes from what we care about, what we value, what we think truly important, as distinguished from what we think merely trivial. What we care about is the source of the criteria we use to evaluate ideas, ideals, persons, events, things, and their importance in our lives. And it is these criteria that determine the judgments we make in our everyday lives. In the second edition of Thinking in Education, Matthew Lipman (2002) has indicated the importance of fostering critical, creative and caring thinking in children, if one is to prepare them to make better judgments and live qualitatively better lives. He tells us that caring thinking is appreciative thinking, active thinking, normative thinking, affective thinking and empathetic thinking and then goes on to list a number of mental acts under each of these categories. Maybe it is because ‘caring thinking’ is not as common a term as ‘critical thinking’ and ‘creative thinking’ in everyday educational language that we stop for pause when we hear it. However when we read what Lipman says about caring thinking, we find ourselves nodding and saying to ourselves, ‘Yes, that makes sense. To think caringly means to think ethically, affectively, normatively, appreciatively and to actively participate in society with a concern for the common good’ (Lipman 2002, p. 271). In a real sense what we care about is manifest in how we perform, participate, build, contribute and how we relate to others. It is thinking that reveals our ideals as well as what we think is valuable, what we are willing to fight and suffer for.
Implementing P4C in the primary classroom: Some fuzzy predictions
Authors: O'Riordan Nicola 
Published: December 2017

For a number of years the writer worked for a large rural Local Authority in England. During this time several schools were trained in the Philosophy for Children approach and yet very few were able to sustain this innovation. Teachers are the agents of change in the classroom (Hargreaves 1994; Stenhouse 1975) and therefore the writer believes that it is vital to understand ‘the considerations which bear upon curricular action’ (Stenhouse 1975, p. 111) when teachers are attempting to implement P4C. This research set out to test the veracity of Leat’s (1999) claim that teacher efficacy (i.e. teachers’ beliefs about their ability to positively influence student outcomes) ‘… is a measure of the chances of implementing change’ (p. 399). The study employed teacher interviews to examine the factors which teachers perceived to determine the implementation of P4C in their own classrooms.
Philosophy goes to school in Australia: A history 1982-2016
Authors: Burgh Gilbert , Thornton Simone 
Published: December 2017

This paper is an attempt to highlight significant developments in the history of philosophy in schools in Australia.[1] We commence by looking at the early years when Laurance Splitter visited the Institute for the Advancement for Philosophy for Children (IAPC). Then we offer an account of the events that led to the formation of what is now the Federation of Australasian Philosophy in Schools Associations (FAPSA), the development and production of a diverse range of curriculum and supporting materials for philosophy in schools, the making of the Australasian journal, and more recent events. Our purpose is to create further interest in exploring this complex and rich history. This will achieve a better understanding of the possible future directions for classroom practice and research.[1] An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the 45th Annual Conference of the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia (see Burgh & Thornton 2016).
Drombeg Stone Circle, Ireland, analyzed with respect to sunrises and lithic shadow-casting for the eight traditional agricultural festival dates and further validated by photography
Authors: Meaden G. Terence 
Published: December 2017

A new survey of Drombeg Stone Circle and accurate analysis of shadow effects beginning at particular sunrises of the calendar year has led to a breakthrough in the understanding of lithic symbolism and the intentions behind the construction of this and other Irish monuments including Knowth and Newgrange that also have astronomical alignments.
At Drombeg specific standing stones play critical roles at sunrise for all eight of the festival dates as known traditionally and historically for agricultural communities and as now inferred for prehistoric times following the present observation-based analysis.
Crucial for Drombeg in the summer half of the year is the positioning of a tall straight-sided portal stone such that its shadow at midsummer sunrise encounters an engraving on the recumbent stone diametrically opposite. During subsequent minutes the shadow moves away allowing the light of the sun to fall on the carved symbol. It is the same for sunrises at Beltane (May Day), Lughnasadh (Lammas), and the equinoxes when shadows from other perimeter stones achieve the same coupling with the same image, each time soon replaced by sunlight. For the winter half of the year which includes dates for Samhain, the winter solstice and Imbolc, the target stone for shadow reception at sunrise is a huge lozenge-shaped megalith, artificially trimmed. Moreover, for 22 March and 21 September there is notable dramatic action by shadow and light between a precisely positioned narrow pillar stone and the lozenge stone.
As a result, at sunrise at Drombeg eight calendrical shadow events have been witnessed and photographed. This attests to the precision of Neolithic planning that determined the stone positions, and demonstrates the antiquity of the calendar dates for these traditional agricultural festivals. Discussion is held as to what the concept of shadow casting between shaped or engraved stones at the time of sunrise may have meant in terms of lithic symbolism for the planners and builders. This leads to a possible explanation in terms of the ancient worldview known as the hieros gamos or the Marriage of the Gods between Sky and Earth.
Stonehenge and Avebury: Megalithic shadow casting at the solstices at sunrise
Authors: Meaden G. Terence 
Published: December 2017

The paper examines how specific megaliths at Stonehenge and Avebury were positioned relative to others and to particular sunrises such as to produce watchable effects arising from solar movement and resulting lithic shadows. At Stonehenge and environs numerous research expeditions (exceeding 120 that started in 1981) combined with accurate compass analysis, photography and studies of the best plans of the sarsen-stone and bluestone phases have led to explanations for apparent anomalies of stone positioning that have not been clarified before.
Firstly, at the summer solstice in the Late Neolithic the Altar Stone was illuminated by sunshine for the first three or four minutes of the day, following which the shadow of the round-topped Heel Stone was cast into the middle of Stonehenge to reach the Altar Stone. This circumstance continues to be witnessed today. It is a consequence of the Heel Stone being deliberately offset from the Stonehenge axis of symmetry. Again, there is the offset positioning of the anomalous half-height, half-width, Stone 11 that disrupts the otherwise regular arc of the lintelled sarsen circle. It is also a fact that the Altar Stone, although on the midsummer sunrise axis and bisected by it, does not lie perpendicular to the monument’s axis but is instead angled lengthways in the direction of the winter solstice sunrise. The same is true of the orientation of the Great Trilithon (as recently discussed by T. Daw). This suggests that the Altar Stone and the Great Trilithon were deliberately positioned this way in order to respect and emphasise an older arrangement in which a midwinter sunrise megalithic setting had been important. Such an arrangement involving the winter solstice sunrise still exists because the shadow of the short round-topped Stone 11 at sunrise appears aimed at the rhyolite ignimbrite Bluestones 40 and 38 - both of which are damaged, fallen and possibly parts of a single original. In similar manner the site of Hole G could indicate the former position of an ancestral stone with regard to equinoctial sunrises. Thus, these shadow-casting experiences for sunrise at Stonehenge may have affinities with the proven stone-to-stone casting of shadows for the same significant calendar dates at the carefully examined Drombeg Stone Circle. At Avebury the stones of the Cove in the northern circle together with Avebury’s Stone F harmonize likewise at the summer solstice sunrise. Two surviving megaliths in Avebury’s southern circle behave similarly. It is discussed whether an explanation in terms of the ancient worldview of the hieros gamos between Sky and Earth may be appropriate for Stonehenge and Avebury as it could also be at Drombeg.
Chlamydia trachomatis: avances y perspectivas
Authors: Ostos Ortiz Olga Lucía , Sánchez Ruth Mélida 
Published: December 2017

La Chlamydia es una bacteria Gram negativa, no móvil, de vida parasitaria intracelular obligada porque carece de habilidad para sintetizar ATP, son parásitos energéticos, no tienen vida libre y colonizan el citoplasma de las células susceptibles.
PENGARUH KECEPATAN SUDUT TERHADAP EFISIENSI POMPA SENTRIFUGAL JENIS TUNGGAL
Authors: Mustakim Mustakim 
Published: December 2017

Unjuk kerja pompa sentrifugal banyak dipengaruhi oleh disain impeller, rumah pompa, laju aliran dan kecepatan sudut. Efisiensi merupakan hal yang sangat penting pada penggunaan pompa sentrifugal karna berkaitan dengan energi yang dipakai untuk menggerakan sistem, dari hal tersebut peneliti ingin mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan sudut terhadap pompa sentrifugal jenis tunggal. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pompa sentrifugal dengan motor 1 phase 220 volt dan head hisap 20,1 m. Untuk pengukuran tekanaan suction dan discharge digunakan pressure gauge jenis bourdon, untuk varisai kecepatan sudut digunakan inverter, sedangkan untuk pengukuran debit aliran digunakan flow meter dan fluida yang dipakai adalah air. Variasi kecepatan sudut yang digunakan 999 rad/ s sampai 3000 rad/s. Jika kecepatan sudut pompa bertambah maka debit aliran akan meningkat, ini sebabkan karna putaran poros pompa yang memutar impeller berputar semangkin tingggi sehingga air yang dipindahkan semakin banyak. Penambahan kecepatan sudut berbanding lurus terhadap kenaikan debit aliran, Semakin bertambah kecepatan sudut pompa maka head pompa akan semakin meningkat, ini disebabkan karna bertambahnya debit fluida yang mengalir yang mengakibatkan tekanan pada sisi discharge pompa semakin meningkat. Pada kecepatan sudut 3000 rad/s pompa dapat menghasilkan head hingga 12,28249744 m, Semakin bertambah kecepatan sudut maka efisiensinya semakin meningkat, ini disebabkan karena daya hidrolik pompa semakin meningkat dimana peningkatan daya hidrolik disebabkan karna kapasitas debit aliran yang bertambah dan head pompa yang semakin meningkat.
Comunicação e transporte: a mobilidade de informação, de pessoas e de mercadorias
Authors: Morley David 
Published: December 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Num contexto em que o estudo da comunicação tende a se concentrar apenas na mobilidade da informação, em detrimento da mobilidade de pessoas e de mercadorias, este artigo explora o potencial de uma maior integração entre os campos da comunicação e dos estudos de transporte. Contra a presunção de que a emergência da virtualidade significa que as geografias materiais não são mais relevantes, o papel das “tecnologias da distância” mediadas é considerado aqui nos contextos mais amplos da construção (e regulação) de uma variedade de formas físicas de mobilidade e dos modos cambiantes de articulação dos mundos virtual e material. </span></p></div></div></div>
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Bagi Penderita Gangguan Stress Pasca Bencana
Authors: Elita Yessy , Sholihah Afifatus , Sahiel Syahriman 
Published: December 2017

Bencana alam menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan bagi masyarakat IndonesiaÂ mulai dari gempa bumi, tsunami, tanah longsor, banjir, dan bencana lainnya. Bencana ini menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang sangat besar berupa trauma dan stress pada individu, keluarga dan masyarakat. Gangguan stress pasca trauma (PTSD) merupakan reaksi maladaptif yang berkelanjutan terhadap suatu pengalaman traumatis yang dapat diderita berbulan-bulan bahkan bertahun-tahun. Kondisi demikian akan menurunkan kualitas hidup bagi penderitanya dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu, salah satu penanganannya dengan menggunakan terapi ACT (acceptance and commitment therapy). Terapi ini merupakan terapi keperilakuan (behavioral) yang relatif baru dikembangkan dan digunakan untuk mengurangi perilaku menghindar atau melarikan diri dari pikiran-pikiran, emosi dan memori mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa yang traumatic. Perilaku menghindar ini kemudian digantikan dengan perilaku menerima peristiwa traumatis dan membuat komitmen untuk mengubah/ memperbaiki perilaku sesuai dengan tujuan-tujuan hidup klien. Tujuan akhr dari terapi ACT tidak hanya sekedar menghilangkan gejala-gejala trauma akan tetapi meningkatkan kualitas hidup klien di masa mendatang. Adapun tujuan artikel penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai terapi ACT (Acceptance and Commitent Therapy), dan manfaatnya bagi penderita gangguan stress pasca bencana.
PERMASALAHAN YANG DISAMPAIKAN SISWA KEPADA GURU BK/KONSELOR
Authors: Khofifah Aulia , Sano Afrizal , Syukur Yarmis 
Published: December 2017

<p><em>Problem is a situation that does not like it is, something you want removed, and something that can hinder or result in losses. The problems revealed in this study wanted the students to the issues presented BK teacher/counselor. This study aimed to describe the problems presented to the student teacher BK /counselors in high schools in the city of Padang can be seen from personal problems, learning problems, social problems, and career problems and the factors that encourage students and the results obtained. This type of research considered in a descriptive study using the questionnaire research instruments. 2430 samples of a total of 147 students study subjects that matter to teachers convey BK/counselor. Both students who come alone, students who were called and students recommendation.</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>