bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and implementation of design flowchart for probabilistic rock slope stability assessments: a review
Authors: Rusydy Ibnu , Canbulat Ismet , Zhang Chengguo , Wei Chunchen , McQuillan Alison 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Rock slope instability is a complex geotechnical issue that is affected by site-specific rock properties, geological structures, groundwater, and earthquake load conditions. Numerous studies acknowledge these aleatory uncertainties in slope stability assessment; however, understanding the rock behaviour could still be improved. Therefore, this paper aims to summarise the probability methods applied in rock slope stability analysis in mining and civil engineering and develop new probabilistic design and assessment methodologies for four methods, namely empirical/rock mass classifications techniques, kinematic analysis, limit equilibrium (LE), and numerical methods and introduces how to integrate all methods to determine the total probability of failure. The case studies have been conducted based on slopes from Indonesia, a seismically active country, utilising the proposed design methods.

Results
Regarding the probabilistic empirical/rock mass classification (RMC) technique, this study has identified that seven of the ten most involved input parameters in RMC naturally exhibit aleatory uncertainty. Thus, the optimal way to present the output probability of RMC is as a confidence interval (CI) or total and conditional probability associated with each rock mass class. In probabilistic kinematic analysis, this study presents a systematic method to compute the probabilities of different types of failure alongside the total probability of occurrence (PtK). The probability of failure (PoF) for jointed generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) numerical modelling was lower than that obtained through the probabilistic LE approach for a similar slope. However, the PoF of jointed GHB is higher than the LE approach when loaded with 0.1 and 0.15 earthquake coefficients.

Conclusions
The variation of PoF across different failure criteria determines how epistemic uncertainty is apparent in the modelling process, while the aleatory uncertainty arises from input parameters. Furthermore, this study introduces the total probability of failure equation as a combination of kinematic and kinetic probabilities (limit equilibrium and numerical modelling).
The strength of migration and stay aspirations: understanding harmonious, conflicting and indeterminate aspirations
Authors: Rodriguez-Pena Naiara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudies on migration aspirations have provided fresh perspectives for two decades by focusing on the changing nature of aspirations, the aspirations-cap/abilities nexus, and by offering a counterpoint through the ‘aspirations to stay’. Building from these, this article proposes a model to explain the intensity and strength of (im)mobility aspirations, given that these can be strong and specific but also weak, mild, conditional, and even conflicting. To do so, I focus on the preferences to migrate or to stay by examining how the two dimensions of (im)mobility – the intrinsic and the instrumental – interact. I study the different emotions and thoughts attached to (im)mobility, how life and migration aspirations are intertwined, and the ways in which migration and stay aspirations can co-exist. In doing so, I differentiate between three ideal-type strengths of aspirations: harmonious, conflicting, and indeterminate aspirations. Harmonious aspirations capture strong convictions about what is more convenient: staying or migrating. Conflicting aspirations stress that both migration and stay aspirations can be concurrently present and equally strong. Indeterminate aspirations represent uncertainty or indifference about where to be. With this focus, the paper provides a simple approach to orient research beyond ideal-type categories by incorporating complex, often contradictory emotions. The paper draws on 37 qualitative interviews in two former mining regions in North-West Spain to advance theorization on migration aspirations and decision-making and to question if the division between migration and stay aspirations is clear-cut.
Evaluating qualitative data analysis workshops from the perspective of public contributors
Authors: Moult Alice , McGrath Carmel , Lippiett Kate , Coope Caroline , Turner Andrew , Chillcott Simon , Parton Linda , Holloway Pam , Dace Sally , Gibson Andy , Jinks Clare , Paskins Zoe , Portillo Mari Carmen , Mann Cindy , Dziedzic Krysia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this project is to evaluate public contributors’ experiences of their involvement in qualitative data analysis workshops during an on-going research project titled ‘Personalised Primary care for Patients with Multiple long-term conditions’.

Methods
Four qualitative data analysis workshops were designed and conducted between August and December 2023. We used the Cube evaluation framework (henceforth referred to as the Cube) to evaluate the workshops. The Cube suggests four domains for successful PPI (voice, agenda, change, contribute).Within Workshops One, Two and Three public contributors had to login to an account to access the Cube; this was modified in Workshop Four following feedback from public contributors.

Findings
Across the four workshops the Cube was completed 11 times. Across all four workshops, public contributors thought that their voice was heard, that there were diverse ways to contribute and that they led the agenda. Public contributors thought that researchers responded to their questions and issues, when necessary.

Conclusion
This evaluation has shown that public contributors can gain new skills and lead qualitative data analysis discussions.
In vitro evaluation of the clinical utility of Apitolisib/Vorinostat combination in Apitolisib-resistant H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Hmmier Abduladim , Dowling Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The PI3K signalling pathway regulates the metabolic activity of cells. Disruption by PI3K inhibitors causes an aerobic/anaerobic imbalance that decreases energy production and cell growth. Cancer cells adapt to PI3K inhibitors in order to reduce their effectiveness. Resistance to Apitolisib could be due to intrinsic factors or acquired adaptation. Oncologists often ask whether to discontinue Apitolisib, increase its dose, or use a drug combination.

Methods
We observed the proliferation of resistant cells in (H1975R+) and out (H1975R−) of Apitolisib treatment, cell cycle pattern, energy phenotyping/reprogramming, and the effects of combining Apitolisib with Vorinostat on the acquired proliferation of H1975R− cells.

Results
The Proliferation of H1975R− cells increased, while that of H1975R+ cells remained suppressed. Both conditions showed a 5 × decrease in the number of cells at the Go/G1 phase and doubled at S and G2/M phases (p < 0.0001). Both H1975R− and H1975R+ cells exhibited decreased ECAR, with a stronger effect observed in H1975R+ cells (p < 0.0001). Oxygen consumption (OCR) increased significantly in H1975R− compared with that in H1975P (p = 0.02). The resistant cells became energetically active using mitochondrial respiration in drug-free medium; H1975R+ was hypo-energetic and consumed more free fatty acids (p = 0.0001). Ketone bodies in H1975R+ were increased by 40% and 2 × in BOHB and AcAc levels, respectively, compared to that in H1975P and H1975R− (p < 0.0001). H1975R− cell survival was 80% compared with 20% in H975R+ cells treated with 7 μM Vorinostat. Vorinostat effectively controlled acquired hyperproliferation of H1975R− cells.

Conclusion
If a tumour becomes unresponsive to Apitolisib, it is advisable to continue the inhibitor and consider a combination with non-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Machine learning based Parkinson’s disease detection and progression evaluation using gray and white matter segmentation from 3D MRI
Authors: Islam Nair Ul , Khanam Ruqaiya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement-related neurological condition caused by the death of brain nerve cells that produce dopamine. T1 MR images were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Data was collected at baseline, and at 48 months duration. SPM12 software was used to segment gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) from the MR images. For the classification of PD, CNN and machine learning (ML) classifiers were used to train on the segmented GM and WM. The findings demonstrated that utilizing the segmented GM and WM obtained from MR images at 48 months had a better predictive ability than the data obtainment at the baseline. CNNs did not perform as well as the conventional ML algorithms, especially for the baseline data. This result is most likely due to the smaller dataset available for training the CNNs, as CNNs normally require more data for best performance. Overall, machine learning algorithms were able to distinguish between people with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls by analyzing GM and WM in brain scans. The classifiers trained at different stages demonstrated varying degrees of accuracy, with the predictive accuracy for the 48-month dataset surpassing that of the baseline data by a significant margin. The accuracy rate for GM was 65.78% at baseline and improved significantly to 92.59% at 48 months. Similarly, the accuracy rate for WM was 60.52% at baseline and improved to 88.89% at 48 months.
Impact of air pollution exposure on the severity of major depressive disorder: Results from the DeprAir study
Authors: Borroni E. , Buoli M. , Nosari G. , Ceresa A. , Fedrizzi L. , Antonangeli L. M. , Monti P. , Bollati V. , Pesatori A. C. , Carugno M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent medical conditions worldwide. Different factors were found to play a role in its etiology, including environmental ones (e.g., air pollution). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between air pollution exposure and MDD severity.

Methods
Four hundred sixteen MDD subjects were recruited. Severity of MDD and functioning were evaluated through five rating scales: Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Daily mean estimates of particulate matter with diameter ≤10 (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and apparent temperature (AT) were estimated based on subjects’ residential addresses. Daily estimates of the 2 weeks preceding recruitment were averaged to obtain cumulative exposure. Multivariate linear and ordinal regression models were applied to assess the associations between air pollutants and MDD severity, overall and stratifying by hypersusceptibility and AT.

Results
Two-thirds of subjects were women and one-third had a family history of depression. Most women had depression with symptoms of anxiety, while men had predominantly melancholic depression. NO2 exposure was associated with worsening of MDD severity (HAMD: β = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI], [0.41–3.47]; GAF: β = −1.93, 95% CI [−3.89 to 0.02]), especially when temperatures were low or among hypersusceptible subjects. PM exposure showed an association with MDD severity only in these subgroups.

Conclusions
Exposure to air pollution worsens MDD severity, with hypersusceptibility and lower temperatures being exacerbating factors.
Research evidence on the management of the cognitive impairment component of the post-COVID condition: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Melillo Antonio , Perrottelli Andrea , Caporusso Edoardo , Coltorti Andrea , Giordano Giulia Maria , Giuliani Luigi , Pezzella Pasquale , Bucci Paola , Mucci Armida , Galderisi Silvana , Maj Mario 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most prevalent and burdensome consequences of COVID-19 infection, which can persist up to months or even years after remission of the infection. Current guidelines on post-COVID CI are based on available knowledge on treatments used for improving CI in other conditions. The current review aims to provide an updated overview of the existing evidence on the efficacy of treatments for post-COVID CI.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published up to December 2023 using three databases (PubMed–Scopus–ProQuest). Controlled and noncontrolled trials, cohort studies, case series, and reports testing interventions on subjects with CI following COVID-19 infection were included.

Results
After screening 7790 articles, 29 studies were included. Multidisciplinary approaches, particularly those combining cognitive remediation interventions, physical exercise, and dietary and sleep support, may improve CI and address the different needs of individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. Cognitive remediation interventions can provide a safe, cost-effective option and may be tailored to deficits in specific cognitive domains. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed mixed and preliminary results. Evidence for other interventions, including pharmacological ones, remains sparse. Challenges in interpreting existing evidence include heterogeneity in study designs, assessment tools, and recruitment criteria; lack of long-term follow-up; and under-characterization of samples in relation to confounding factors.

Conclusions
Further research, grounded on shared definitions of the post-COVID condition and on the accurate assessment of COVID-related CI, in well-defined study samples and with longer follow-ups, is crucial to address this significant unmet need.
Patient Enrollment to Industry-Sponsored Versus Federally-Sponsored Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Unger Joseph M. , Xiao Hong , Vaidya Riha , LeBlanc Michael 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
The conduct of cancer clinical research in the United States is supported by both private and public sponsors. Industry aims to obtain new drug approvals. Federally-sponsored trials examine a broad set of research questions that are not typically addressed by industry; these trials, which are also more commonly conducted in diverse populations, were recently shown to have contributed to gains of 14 million life-years for patients with cancer. Despite the different mandates, the proportion of patients who might participate in industry-sponsored versus federally-sponsored cancer studies is unknown.

METHODS
We evaluated trial enrollment patterns from 2008 to 2022 using ClinicalTrials.gov data. The ratio of enrollments attributable to industry versus federal sponsors was estimated. A large set of estimates on the basis of different combinations of study characteristics were generated. Point estimates were determined as the mean of combinations and confidence limits by the IQR. Five-year intervals were examined to smooth annual variation.

RESULTS
In total, N = 26,080 studies were examined. The estimated enrollment ratio from 2018 to 2022 for all industry-sponsored versus federally-sponsored trials was 8.1 (IQR, 6.2-9.9). For adult trials, the ratio increased from 4.8 (IQR, 4.4-5.3) during 2008-2012 to 9.6 (IQR, 7.4-11.8) during 2018-2022; for trials in children, the ratio increased from 0.7 (IQR, 0.6-0.7) to 2.3 (IQR, 1.8-2.7). Despite increasing cancer incidence, enrollment counts for federally-sponsored trials were flat over the study period.

CONCLUSION
In the United States, there is a growing reliance on industry to conduct cancer clinical research. Underinvestment in federally-sponsored research comes at a cost for both patients and researchers, with lost opportunities for scientific, clinical, and population advances.
Brain Stiffness Correlates With Pathological Tissue in Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Due to Rasmussen Encephalitis and Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Brunette-Clément Tristan , Chang Julia W. , Owens Geoffrey C. , Hadjinicolaou Aristides , Weil Alexander G. , Fallah Aria 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Complete resection of epileptogenic zone is the single most important determinant of favorable seizure outcomes in resective surgery. However, identifying and resecting this zone is challenging in patients harboring diffuse; MRI-occult malformations of cortical development, such as focal cortical dysplasia; or acquired pathology, such as Rasmussen encephalitis. Intraoperative adjuncts that can aid in identifying the lesion and/or epileptogenic zone can optimize the extent of resection and seizure outcome. We sought to study a novel intraoperative tool, brain tonometer, to measure brain stiffness and correlate with histopathological and radiological findings.

METHODS:
Brain stiffness was measured at various presumed normal and abnormal areas of the cortex during surgery in 2 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. These results were correlated with preoperative and intraoperative neuroimaging and histopathology.

RESULTS:
We found brain stiffness correlated well with the degree of inflammation and cortical disorganization.

CONCLUSION:
Brain tonometry may help to intraoperatively identify inflammatory brain tissue along with structural and histopathological abnormalities. In select cases, this could potentially allow more tailored resections of the underlying lesion, to ensure complete removal of the epileptogenic lesion and improve the probability of achieving seizure freedom, while sparing normal brain leading to better functional outcomes.
Bacterial and Parasitic Co-Infection in Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782 Caught in the Onaç Reservoir, Türkiye
Authors: Yıldırım P , Kan Ş , Güçlü SS , Özmen Ö , Özdamar A , Bahrioğlu E , Kubilay A 
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the bacterial and parasitic co-infection of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782). C. gibelio belongs to the Cyprinidae family, an alien species in the freshwater systems of Turkey. Alien species can cause the emergence of new diseases in native species that constitute the ichthyofauna. C. gibelio specimens were examined from Onaç Reservoir in Burdur, Turkey. Symptoms were skin lesions, exophthalmos, darkening in color, rupture, and hemorrhage in the radius of the caudal fin, and loss of scale of the fish. Gyrodactylus sprostonae and Trichodina sp. were also observed. Additionally, Shewanella putrefaciens and Aeromonas sobria were isolated from the fish specimens. Erosive and ulcerative lesions were frequently seen during the histopathological investigation. Both isolates were resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, lincomycin, and ampicillin. In conclusion, the presence of various bacterial strains, a ciliate parasite, and a monogenic parasite was determined in C. gibelio. We report that the aforementioned fish pathogens created a co-infection in the region. In the future, more study is needed to a clearer awareness of the silver carp dealing with co-infection and the details of the interaction between bacterial and parasitic diseases. This will be beneficial for fish disease management.
Comparative investigation of the nutritional value of cow, goat, and sheep white cheeses in brine
Authors: Paskas S , Becskei Z , Savic M 
Published: September 2024

In the present work, three different types of cheese in brine have been compared based on their nutritional quality parameters. The cheeses were made from cow's milk (commercial cheese) and goat and sheep milk (traditional cheese). The physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile, and related health lipid indices of the cheeses were investigated. The study revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the cheeses studied in brine in terms of physicochemical composition. In particular, goat and sheep brine cheeses have a higher concentration of dry matter, fat and protein. Conversely, the Ca content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the commercial cheeses, as was the Ca/protein ratio (mg g-1 protein). The results also highlighted the health-beneficial fatty acid profile of sheep and goat brine cheeses, particularly the more favourable values of the nutritional indices: AI, TI, HPI, HH and n-6/n-3 ratio compared to commercial cow brine cheeses. The lipid composition of goat and sheep brine cheeses contained significantly lower amounts of long-chain saturated fatty acids and higher amounts of short- and medium-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Analysis of the amino acid profile showed that goat brine cheeses were rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and had the best essential/non-essential amino acid ratio compared to sheep and cow brine cheeses. According to these results, traditional brine cheeses made from goat's and sheep's milk have a high nutritional value. To make the production of these cheeses more sustainable, they need to be promoted as valuable sources of health-promoting compounds.
Shareholder Activism and the Deterrence Effect of Democratic Politician Shareholders
Authors: DesJardine Mark R. , Shi Wei , Werner Timothy 
Published: September 2024

Firms strategically establish political connections in the hopes of obtaining access to resources and opportunities controlled by the state. However, little is known about benefits that may accrue to firms from ties with politician shareholders. We explore potential spillover benefits of such ties in the context of financially motivated shareholder activism (“financial activism”). Specifically, we examine whether financial activists are deterred from targeting firms owned by Democratic politicians, who tend to adopt a more interventionist and stakeholder-oriented stance toward economic regulation than Republicans. Based upon an analysis of S&P 1500 firms over a 15-year period, we find that the number of Democratic politician shareholders is negatively associated with a firm’s likelihood of being targeted by a financial activist. This relationship is stronger when Democratic politician shareholders are more publicly prominent and when firms have more Democratic-leaning boards. Our study shows that the benefits firms derive from politician shareholders spill over beyond the business-government interface into the domain of corporate governance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17495 .
Perdoo, mas nunca esqueço: os efeitos de memória na música Latinoamerica
Authors: Pelayes Geicilayne Tavares , Tavares Kelly Christhyne Lins , Lins Sheyla Jayane Tavares 
Published: September 2024

O antagonismo da luta de classes é pressuposto fundamental desta análise que aborda os efeitos de memória materializados no discurso. Partindo do pressuposto de que há uma relação inseparável entre língua, história e ideologia, uma vez que o sujeito é produzido pela ideologia e só existe como resultado de processos de interpelação ideológica, as materialidades discursivas analisadas aqui remetem ao antagonismo de classes e foram retiradas da música Latinoamerica da dupla Calle 13. Definimos como campo referencial a luta de classes a partir dos efeitos de memória do que nomeamos por formação discursiva (FD) da resistência. Com base nesse pressuposto, buscamos compreender como os processos discursivos que se repetem nos países que formam a América Latina fundem-se por meio de distintas formações ideológicas.