bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students
'
understandings of mental health and their preferred learning platforms
Authors: Bone Claire , Dugard Pat , Vostanis Panos , Dogra Nisha 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine students’ understandings of mental health and their learning preferences, in order to provide guidance for developing targeted mental health education.

Design/methodology/approach
– A study-specific self-administered questionnaire was used at two English schools (n=980; ages 11-18), incorporating a combination of open-ended and fixed-choice items. Data were subject to content analysis, cross-tabulation of frequencies and statistical analyses.

Findings
– Overall, students understood mental health in terms of personal attributes or disorder, however older students were more likely to talk about relationships. Males were less likely to say they wanted to learn about mental health than females, believing they had no need to learn more. White students were also less interested in learning about mental health than Indian students. Overall, students said they would not use social media to learn, however Indian students were most likely to want to use it. Younger students preferred school-based learning to online.

Research limitations/implications
– The questionnaires were study specific and self-report. However interesting demographic variations in responses were found, worthy of further exploration.

Social implications
– Policymakers should consider targeted mental health interventions in schools and research the potential roles/barriers of the internet and social media. Long-term possible benefits relate to improved preventative strategies within schools.

Originality/value
– Previous research has focused on the delivery of mental health promotion/education in schools, whereas the current study drew on a large sample of students to understand how they define mental health for themselves, as well as how they prefer to learn about it.
Co-production in mental health care
Authors: Clark Michael 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Co-production is becoming a more widely used term in mental health care in England, but it is not always clear what this means nor what the evidence base is behind particular uses of the concept. The purpose of this paper is to set some of this discussion into a historical context and examine some of the relevant evidence base to begin to highlight the challenges with operationalising more co-production. This is by way of setting the scene for the other articles in this special edition of the journal. The paper then provides an overview of the other articles on co-production in this edition.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is a short review and discussion of some key issues and evidence relevant to co-production in mental health.

Findings
– Some key historical insights from other moves to transform mental health care are discussed, recognising that these developments can take a long time to reach maturity in services and practice across the whole country. The discussion of some pertinent research and of the other articles in this special edition helps to highlight what foundations the author have in place for greater co-production in mental health care, and what remains as some of the challenges and gaps in the knowledge.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a historical overview of some key issues, evidence and lessons pertaining to moves to develop more co-production in mental health.
Assessment is not enough for libraries to be valued
Authors: Nitecki Danuta A , Wiggins John , Turner Nancy B 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– This essay is offered in response to an invitation to share reflections on a topic of current concern. The concern is how to position the library profession to not just gain appreciation and support of academic libraries, but to develop librarians as leaders continuing the values of higher education as essential to maintain and improve a democratic society. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This is a viewpoint piece.Findings– The paper speculates that assessment alone may be an inadequate objective of an organizational culture for academic libraries; assessment is not universally accepted throughout higher education as a primary focus, perhaps with the exception when meeting accreditation requirements.Practical implications– An informed citizenry, freedom of information, open and equitable access to knowledge, and intellectual diversity are important values to preserve. This concern overlaps with the authors’ shared and independent work to engage in assessment efforts and developing a library culture of assessment.Social implications– Preparation of academic librarians may benefit from more strongly advancing the core mission of their institutions rather than their service relationship to its customers as an objective of the library culture.Originality/value– This is the first work to examine why assessment is not enough for libraries to be valued.
Dynamics and persistence in a metacommunity centred on the plantAntirrhinum majus: theoretical predictions and an empirical test
Authors: Jaworski Coline C. , Thébaud Christophe , Chave Jérôme 
Published: November 2015

SummarySpatial processes have a major influence on the stability of species interaction networks and their resilience to environmental fluctuations. Here, we combine field observations and a dynamic model to understand how spatial processes may affect a network composed of the flowering plantAntirrhinum majus, its cohort of pollinators, and a specialist seed‐predator and its parasitoid.The interactions taking place within this system were investigated by determining the fate of flowers and fruits on flowering and fruiting stems at 16 study sites. We then used this information to estimate spatial and temporal variation in the pollination rate, parasitism rate and hyperparasitism rate.We found that the plants were pollinator‐limited, with relatively variable fruit‐to‐flower ratios across sites. On almost all sites, plants were both parasitized and hyperparasitized, at a low to moderate rate.Comparing our field observations with a tritrophic Nicholson‐Bailey model, we found that empirical data are not always consistent with the conditions for local tritrophic persistence. This suggests that other mechanisms such as random disturbances and recolonizations (patch dynamics) or inter‐site migration through metacommunity dynamics (source‐sink dynamics) play a role in this system. Model simulations showed that dispersal could contribute to increasing tritrophic persistence in this system, and that source‐sink structure, not just environmental stochasticity, may cause the observed pattern of spatial variation.Synthesis. We defined and measured metrics related to species interactions and densities. This led us to suggest that the functioning of theA. majusmetacommunity is more consistent with source‐sink than patch metacommunity dynamics, highlighting the extent to which dispersal explains the persistence of the system.
Pitfalls in the Interpretation of Traumatic Socioethnic Practices
Authors: Tanner Brendan S. , Catanese Charles , Lew Emma O. , Rapkiewicz Amy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this case study was to raise awareness among forensic pathologists and medicolegal death investigators regarding two unique socioethnic practices and regional customs that have significant forensic implications. We present two cases involving coining (gua sha) and bloodletting (sapi) that represent two forms of traditional customs that involve the use of blunt force and sharp force trauma, respectively. In coining, the skin lesions are produced as a result of dermabrasion with oils and oval objects such as coin. In sapi, multiple superficial linear scrapes are made in the skin as part of a bloodletting ceremony. The identification of these lesions will prevent the interpretation of them as non‐voluntary‐inflicted trauma.
Investigating the Joint Development of Approach Bias and Adolescent Alcohol Use
Authors: Janssen Tim , Wood Mark D. , Larsen Helle , Peeters Margot , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundWe investigated the joint development between implicit approach bias and early adolescent alcohol use, and examined whether the link between approach bias and alcohol use was moderated by working memory (WM).MethodsThe current study used data from a 2‐year, 4‐wave online sample of 378 Dutch early adolescents (mean age 14.9 years, 64.8% female). First, using latent growth curve modeling, we examined trajectories of approach bias and alcohol use over time. Second, we examined relations between baseline approach bias and WM and the development of alcohol use. Third, we examined the joint development of approach bias and alcohol use. Fourth, we examined whether the nature of this joint development varied for different levels of WM.ResultsUnconditional growth curve model analyses indicated that the functional forms of alcohol use and cognitive bias were best captured by quadratic and linear trajectories, respectively. We found that cognitive bias decreased over time. We found no significant relations between baseline predictors and observed increases in alcohol use. We found relations between the intercepts, but not to growth factors, in the joint development of alcohol use and approach bias. WM was not found to moderate relations between growth in approach bias and alcohol use in this sample.ConclusionsWhile we observed evidence of association between approach bias and alcohol use at baseline, there was no evidence of relations between development trajectories of the two. These findings replicate prior research demonstrating a role of implicit approach bias in predicting early adolescent alcohol use but do not demonstrate, in a light drinking early adolescent sample, the importance of interrelations between changes in approach bias and alcohol use over time, or a moderating role of WM. It is important to consider the potential consequences of repeated online approach bias assessment (e.g., changes in stimulus valence) when interpreting these results.
Women in leadership: an analysis of the gender pay gap in ASX‐listed firms
Authors: Hutchinson Marion , Mack Janet , Verhoeven Peter 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study provides evidence that after several decades of fighting for equal pay for equal work, an unexplained gender pay gap remains amongst senior executives in ASX‐listed firms. After controlling for a large suite of personal, occupational and firm observables, we find female senior executives receive, on average, 22.58 percent less in base salary for the period 2002–2013. When executives are awarded performance‐based pay, females receive on average 16.47 percent less in cash bonus and 18.21 percent less in long‐term incentives than males. The results are robust to using firm fixed effects and propensity‐score matching. Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition results show that the mean pay gap cannot be attributed to gender differences in attributes, including job titles. Instead, the results point to differences in returns on firm‐specific variables, in particular firm risk.
Differential gene expression patterns between smokers and non‐smokers: cause or consequence?
Authors: Vink Jacqueline M. , Jansen Rick , Brooks Andy , Willemsen Gonneke , van Grootheest Gerard , de Geus Eco , Smit Jan H. , Penninx Brenda W. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms causing smoking‐induced health decline are largely unknown. To elucidate the molecular pathways involved in cause and consequences of smoking behavior, we conducted a genome‐wide gene expression study in peripheral blood samples targeting 18 238 genes. Data of 743 smokers, 1686 never smokers and 890 ex‐smokers were available from two population‐based cohorts from the Netherlands. In addition, data of 56 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for ever smoking were used. One hundred thirty‐two genes were differentially expressed between current smokers and never smokers (P < 1.2 × 10−6, Bonferroni correction). The most significant genes were G protein‐coupled receptor 15 (P < 1 × 10−150) and leucine‐rich repeat neuronal 3 (P < 1 × 10−44). The smoking‐related genes were enriched for immune system, blood coagulation, natural killer cell and cancer pathways. By taking the data of ex‐smokers into account, expression of these 132 genes was classified into reversible (94 genes), slowly reversible (31 genes), irreversible (6 genes) or inconclusive (1 gene). Expression of 6 of the 132 genes (three reversible and three slowly reversible) was confirmed to be reactive to smoking as they were differentially expressed in monozygotic pairs discordant for smoking. Cis‐expression quantitative trait loci for GPR56 and RARRES3 (downregulated in smokers) were associated with increased number of cigarettes smoked per day in a large genome‐wide association meta‐analysis, suggesting a causative effect of GPR56 and RARRES3 expression on smoking behavior. In conclusion, differential gene expression patterns in smokers are extensive and cluster in several underlying disease pathways. Gene expression differences seem mainly direct consequences of smoking, and largely reversible after smoking cessation. However, we also identified DNA variants that may influence smoking behavior via the mediating gene expression.
Inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2 in the acute phase of stroke improves long‐term neurological outcome and promotes recovery processes in rats
Authors: Mostajeran M. , Edvinsson L. , Warfvinge K. , Singh R. , Ansar S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimExtracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 is activated during acute phase of stroke and contributes to stroke pathology. We have found that acute treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitors decreases infarct size and neurological deficits 2 days after experimental stroke. However, it is not known whether benefits of this inhibition persist long‐term. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess neurological function, infarct size and recovery processes 14 days after stroke in male rats to determine long‐term outcome following acute treatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126.MethodsTransient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male rats. U0126 or vehicle was given at 0 and 24 h of reperfusion. Neurological function was assessed by staircase, 6‐point and 28‐point neuroscore tests up to 14 days after induction of stroke. At day 14, infarct volumes were determined and recovery processes were evaluated by measuring protein expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie‐2 and nestin. Levels of p‐ERK1/2 protein were determined.ResultsAcute treatment with U0126 significantly improved long‐term functional recovery, reduced infarct size, and enhanced Tie‐2 and nestin protein expression at 14 days post‐stroke. There was no residual blockade of p‐ERK1/2 at this time point.ConclusionIt is demonstrated that benefits of early treatment with U0126 persist beyond subacute phase of ischaemic stroke in male rats. Prevention of ERK1/2 activation in the acute phase results in improved long‐term functional outcome and enhances later‐stage recovery processes. These results expand our understanding of the benefits and promise of using MEK1/2 inhibitors in stroke recovery.
Do early-life exposures explain why more advantaged children get eczema? Findings from the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Taylor-Robinson D.C. , Williams H. , Pearce A. , Law C. , Hope S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (eczema) in childhood is socially patterned, with higher incidence in more advantaged populations. However, it is unclear what factors explain the social differences.ObjectivesTo identify early-life risk factors for eczema, and to explore how early-life risk factors explain any differences in eczema.MethodsWe estimated odds ratios (ORs) for ever having had eczema by age 5 years in 14 499 children from the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), with a focus on maternal, antenatal and early-life risk factors and socioeconomic circumstances (SECs). Risk factors were explored to assess whether they attenuated associations between SECs and eczema.ResultsOverall 35·1% of children had ever had eczema by age 5 years. Children of mothers with degree-level qualifications vs. no educational qualifications were more likely to have eczema (OR 1·52, 95% confidence interval 1·31–1·76), and there was a gradient across the socioeconomic spectrum. Maternal atopy, breastfeeding (1–6 weeks and ≥ 6 months), introduction of solids under 4 months or cow's milk under 9 months, antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and grime exposure were associated with an increased odds of having eczema. Female sex, Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnicity, smoking during pregnancy, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and having more siblings were associated with reduced odds for eczema. Controlling for maternal, antenatal and early-life characteristics (particularly maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding and number of siblings) reduced the OR for eczema to 1·26 (95% confidence interval 1·03–1·50) in the group with the highest educational qualifications compared with the least.ConclusionsIn a representative U.K. child cohort, eczema was more common in more advantaged children. This was explained partially by early-life factors including not smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding and having fewer siblings.
Bi‐layered zirconia/fluor‐apatite bridges supported by ceramic dental implants: a prospective case series after thirty months of observation
Authors: Spies Benedikt Christopher , Witkowski Siegbert , Butz Frank , Vach Kirstin , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the success and survival rate of all‐ceramic bi‐layered implant‐supported three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (IS‐FDPs) 3 years after implant placement.Material and methodsThirteen patients (seven males, six females; age: 41–78 years) received two one‐piece ceramic implants (alumina‐toughened zirconia) each in the region of the premolars or the first molar and were finally restored with adhesively cemented bi‐layered zirconia‐based IS‐FDPs (3 in the maxilla, 10 in the mandible) composed of CAD/CAM‐fabricated zirconia frameworks pressed‐over with fluor‐apatite glass‐ceramic ingots. At prosthetic delivery and the follow‐ups after 1, 2 and 3 years, the restorations were evaluated using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Restorations with minor veneer chippings, a small‐area occlusal roughness, slightly soundable restoration margins, minimal contour deficiencies and tolerable color deviations were regarded as success. In case of more distinct defects that could, however, be repaired to a clinically acceptable level, IS‐FDPs were regarded as surviving. Kaplan–Meier plots were used for the success/survival analyses. To verify an impact on subjective patients’ perceptions, satisfaction was evaluated by visual analog scales (VAS).ResultsAll patients were seen 3 years after implant installation. No IS‐FDP had to be replaced, resulting in 100% survival after a mean observation period of 29.5 months (median: 30.7). At the 3‐year follow‐up, 7/13 IS‐FDPs showed a veneer chipping, 13/13 an occlusal roughness and 12/13 minimal deficiencies of contour/color. Since six restorations showed a major chipping and/or a major occlusal roughness, the Kaplan–Meier success rate was 53.8%. However, patients’ significantly improved perceptions of function, esthetics, sense, and speech at prosthetic delivery remained stable over time.ConclusionBi‐layered zirconia/fluor‐apatite IS‐FDPs entirely survived the observation period but showed a high frequency of technical complications. Nevertheless, the treatment highly satisfied patients’ expectations.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: comparison of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of AQP4‐IgG versus MOG‐IgG seropositive cases in the Netherlands
Authors: van Pelt E. D. , Wong Y. Y. M. , Ketelslegers I. A. , Hamann D. , Hintzen R. Q. 
Published: November 2015

Background and purposeNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a group of rare inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. The identification of specific antibodies directed to aquaporin 4 (AQP4‐IgG) led to the distinction from multiple sclerosis. However, up to 25% of the clinically diagnosed NMO patients are seronegative for AQP4‐IgG. A subgroup of these patients might be identified by antibodies directed to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG‐IgG). Our objective was to investigate whether the clinical characteristics of these patients differ.MethodsUsing a cell‐based assay, samples of 61 AQP4‐IgG seronegative patients and 41 AQP4‐IgG seropositive patients with clinically NMOSD were analysed for the presence of MOG‐IgG. Clinical characteristics of the AQP4‐IgG, MOG‐IgG seropositive and double seronegative NMOSD patients were compared.ResultsTwenty of the 61 AQP4‐IgG seronegative patients tested MOG‐IgG seropositive (33%). MOG‐IgG seropositive patients were more frequently males in contrast to AQP4‐IgG seropositive patients (55% vs. 15%, P < 0.01) and Caucasians (90% vs. 63%, P = 0.03). They more frequently presented with coincident optic neuritis and transverse myelitis (40% vs. 12%, P = 0.02) and had a monophasic disease course (70% vs. 29%, P < 0.01). AQP4‐IgG seropositive patients were 2.4 times more likely to suffer from relapses compared with MOG‐IgG seropositive patients (relative risk 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2–4.7). AQP4‐IgG seropositive patients had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale levels at last follow‐up (P < 0.01).ConclusionAntibodies directed to MOG identify a subgroup of AQP4‐IgG seronegative NMO patients with generally a favourable monophasic disease course.
Explaining public satisfaction with health‐care systems: findings from a nationwide survey in China
Authors: Munro Neil , Duckett Jane 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with health‐care system satisfaction in China.ContextRecent research suggests that socio‐demographic characteristics, self‐reported health, income and insurance, ideological beliefs, health‐care utilization, media use and perceptions of services may affect health‐care system satisfaction, but the relative importance of these factors is poorly understood. New data from China offer the opportunity to test theories about the sources of health‐care system satisfaction.DesignStratified nationwide survey sample analysed using multilevel logistic regression. Setting and participants: 3680 Chinese adults residing in family dwellings between 1 November 2012 and 17 January 2013.Main outcome measureSatisfaction with the way the health‐care system in China is run.ResultsWe find only weak associations between satisfaction and socio‐demographic characteristics, self‐reported health and income. We do, however, find that satisfaction is strongly associated with having insurance and belief in personal responsibility for meeting health‐care costs. We also find it is negatively associated with utilization, social media use, perceptions of access as unequal and perceptions of service providers as unethical.ConclusionsTo improve satisfaction, Chinese policymakers – and their counterparts in countries with similar health‐care system characteristics – should improve insurance coverage and the quality of health services, and tackle unethical medical practices.