bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new prognostic model in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer treated with chemotherapy: An analysis of ECOG-ACRIN E1305.
Authors: Argiris Athanassios , Flamand Yael , Savvides Panayiotis , Johnson Jennifer Maria , Li Shuli , Forastiere Arlene A. , Burtness Barbara 
Published: October 2024

6026

Background:
We examined a large patient dataset based on E1305, a completed phase III randomized trial of platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (Argiris et al. JCO 2019), to evaluate prognostic factors in the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (RM SCCHN) and expand on our previous observations in cooperative group trials (Argiris et al. Cancer 2004).
Methods:
All 403 patients enrolled in E1305 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was the outcome of interest. Clinical and tumor characteristics were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Variables which were significant in the univariate setting at a level of ≤ 0.10 were included in a multivariable model, and backwards selection was performed (threshold of p ≤ 0.05). The final multivariable model was then applied to the two treatment arms, separately. Variables for which the hazards ratio (HR) within an arm was more than 10% different than that for the whole cohort, were removed from the final cohort model.
Results:
The median OS in the whole study cohort was 11.8 months. A prognostic score model for OS was built, using the 4 independent prognostic factors identified in the multivariable model: ECOG performance status (1 vs 0), prior radiation, primary region (non-oropharynx vs oropharynx), and metastatic disease bone or liver (vs other sites/no metastases). Prognostic score was dichotomized (0-2 and > 2). Patients with 0-2 risk factors (n = 249) had a median OS of 15.2 months (90% CI: 13.8, 18.1), while patients with > 2 risk factors (n = 154) had a median OS of 7.6 months (90% CI: 6.5, 9.3); HR of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.73, 2.66), p < 0.0001. Compared to our previous 5-factor model from analysis of older trials in a similar setting, the variable “bone/liver metastasis” is new, but “tumor cell differentiation” and “weight loss” were not significant and not included in the new model for OS.
Conclusions:
The new proposed model includes 4 prognostic factors for OS (performance status, primary site, prior radiation, presence of bone/liver metastasis) in the first-line treatment of RM SCCHN.
Domain-Independent Dynamic Programming and Constraint Programming Approaches for Assembly Line Balancing Problems with Setups
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Beck J. Christopher 
Published: October 2024

We propose domain-independent dynamic programming (DIDP) and constraint programming (CP) models to exactly solve type 1 and type 2 assembly line balancing problem with sequence-dependent setup times (SUALBPs). The goal is to assign tasks to assembly stations and to sequence these tasks within each station while satisfying precedence relations specified between a subset of task pairs. Each task has a given processing time and a setup time dependent on the previous task on the station to which the task is assigned. The sum of the processing and setup times of tasks assigned to each station constitute the station time and the maximum station time is called the cycle time. For the type 1 SUALBP (SUALBP-1), the objective is to minimize the number of stations, given a maximum cycle time. For the type 2 SUALBP (SUALBP-2), the objective is to minimize the cycle time, given the number of stations. On a set of diverse SUALBP instances, experimental results show that our approaches significantly outperform the state-of-the-art mixed integer programming models for SUALBP-1. For SUALBP-2, the DIDP model outperforms the state-of-the-art exact approach based on logic-based Benders decomposition. By closing 76 open instances for SUALBP-2, our results demonstrate the promise of DIDP for solving complex planning and scheduling problems. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods and Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2020-04039]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0603 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0603 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
A Multi-Airspace Model to Investigate Airflow Patterns and Carbon Dioxide Emission Sources in Deep-pit Beef Cattle Finishing Facilities
Authors: Soriano Noelle Cielito , Janni Kevin A. , Chen Baitong , Wilson Melissa , Cortus Erin L. 
Published: October 2024

HighlightsA multi-control volume mass balance approach tested with data from cattle finishing barns.Airflow estimates were highest in the barn airspace, compared to the animal-occupied zone and manure pit headspace.Slurry CO2 emission calculations were sensitive to gas concentration differences between zones and animal numbers.Abstract. An increasing number of cattle finishing barns in the Midwest are naturally ventilated (NV) with slatted floors over deep-pit manure storages. However, there is limited gas emission data currently available for this type of cattle housing and manure storage. Emission rate measurements are particularly challenging in NV barns where there are low gas concentrations and large variations in air velocity and direction. This research explores gas emission estimation using carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations measured at the north and south wall openings, floor, nose level, and above the manure surface in the storage pit. With these measurements, three control volume mass balances for the barn airspace, animal-occupied zone (AOZ), and manure pit headspace were used to estimate airflows between control volumes and CO2 emissions rates. In this study, the estimated airflow and CO2 emission values for two NV barns were calculated for the summer, fall, and spring seasons. Nominal airflow rates calculated between the three control volumes for each barn were variable using three different solution approaches applied in this study. There was a general pattern where airflow through the barn airspace was larger than airflow between the barn airspace and animal-occupied zone, followed by airflow through the slatted floors. The range of estimated CO2 emissions considering both barns and three solution approaches was -1.16 g/s to 29.3 g/s. Overall, while calculated airflow and CO2 emission results were variable across three solution approaches, this study provides insight on a range of CO2 emissions and airflow rates through deep-pit NV cattle finishing facilities. Further model validation would be needed prior to the use of this model for gas mitigation purposes. Keywords: Airflow, Beef cattle, Carbon dioxide emission, Deep-pit barns, Modeling.
Enhancing the efficiency of wavelength-shift fiber-based detectors for optical wireless communications
Authors: Ali Amjad , Mane Mithilesh K. , Mahmood Arfan , Tehseen Riffat , Xu Jing 
Published: October 2024

A wavelength-shift fiber-based optical detector promises to revolutionize the deployment of optical wireless communication (OWC) due to its inherent advantages over traditional receivers. These advantages include a flexible structure, a wide field of view (FOV), and a large active area. Despite progress in previous studies, there remains a gap in optimizing the re-utilization of unabsorbed light within wavelength-shift fiber (WSF) and maximizing the efficiency of light focusing onto photodetectors. To address these challenges, this study explores three novel, to the best of our knowledge, approaches to enhance the light conversion and detection efficiency of WSF-based optical detectors. First, a reflective mirror is employed behind the WSF array to increase the light absorption and re-emission probability. Second, a reflective mirror is placed at one end of the WSF array to direct the light toward the opposite end. Third, a tightly bundled WSF array configuration focuses the emitted light onto the photodetector’s active area. Experimental results demonstrate that each approach significantly improves the peak-to-peak voltage. This work presents an optical detector design featuring a large active area of 0.4cm×20cm, based on a blue-to-green color-converting WSF and achieving a high 3-dB bandwidth of up to 48 MHz. This design enables real-time data transmission at rates of 275 Mbps using non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation over a distance of 1 m. Additionally, the transmission link operates at over 250 Mbps, with bit error rates (BERs) below the forward error correction (FEC) limit, under a wide FOV of 60°. This work opens exciting possibilities for revolutionizing photodetection schemes in non-line-of-sight free-space optical communications.
Ten-year trends in lipid management among patients after myocardial infarction in South Korea
Authors: Oh Seok , Cho Kyung Hoon , Kim Min Chul , Sim Doo Sun , Hong Young Joon , Kim Ju Han , Ahn Youngkeun , Lee Sang Yeub , Shin Min-Ho , Kim Weon , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: October 2024

Background
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. However, real-world data on its prevalence and lipid management trends for Korean patients with acute myocardial infarction are limited. This study aimed to determine the 10-year temporal trends in dyslipidemia prevalence and lipid management in this patient population.

Methods and findings
The study used a merged database of two nationwide observational cohorts (2011–2020) that included 26,751 participants. The primary endpoints were the achievement rates of the (1) absolute low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target of <70 mg/dL (<1.8 mmol/L), (2) relative LDL-C target reduction of >50% from the baseline, (3) absolute or relative LDL-C target (American target), and (4) both absolute and relative LDL-C targets (European target).
The dyslipidemia prevalence increased from 11.1% to 17.1%, whereas the statin prescription rate increased from 92.9% to 97.0% from 2011 to 2020. The rate of high-intensity statin use increased from 12.80% in 2012 to 69.30% in 2020. The rate of ezetimibe use increased from 4.50% in 2016 to 22.50% in 2020. The high-intensity statin and ezetimibe prescription rates (0.20% to 9.30% from 2016 to 2020) increased gradually. The absolute and relative LDL-C target achievement rates increased from 41.4% and 20.8% in 2012 to 62.5% and 39.5% in 2019, respectively. The American (45.7% in 2012 to 68.6% in 2019) and European (16.5% in 2012 to 33.8% in 2019) target achievement rates also increased.

Conclusions
The adoption of lipid management guidelines in clinical practice has improved. However, continued efforts are needed to reduce the risk of recurrent ischemic events.
Oral rehydration therapy and Zinc treatment among diarrhoeal children in India: Exploration from latest cross-sectional National Family Health Survey
Authors: Halli Shiva S. , Biradar Rajeshwari A. , Prasad Jang B. 
Published: October 2024

Background and aims
Diarrhoea is one of the deadliest diseases and causing death among children in India, but no systematic attempt is made to understand it especially its control using oral rehydration salts (ORS). It is well known that use of ORS and Zinc have been effective in containing diarrhoea among children. An attempt is made using large scale national data set in India to understand use of ORS and Zinc to control diarrhoea and their associated factors among diarrhoeal children under five in India.

Methods
Publicly available most recent cross-sectional National Family Health Survey data in India was used for the study. The multi-stage cluster sampling design was used with 2011 Census of India as a sampling frame. Households were selected using a Systematic Random Sampling design from selected primary sampling units in rural and urban clusters. From the selected households, the eligible children were those who suffered from diarrhoea in the two weeks preceding the survey and were less than 5 years old. Using this criterion, out of 232,920 children in the survey of less than five years, 16,213 sample diarrheal children found to be available for the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the data.

Results
Across India, 61% and 31% of the children were given ORS and Zinc respectively. However, combined ORS + Zinc treatment was only around 24%. The treatment of ORS, Zinc, and combined ORS + Zinc supplementations were significantly higher among younger children, children of 24–35 age group mothers, children from rich wealth index groups, belong to Hindu religion and general caste compared to their counterparts. The logistic regression results showed that consumption of ORS among diarrhoeal children under five years of age depends upon size of a child at birth. For instance, diarrheal children who were very small size at birth compared to very large at birth, had 39% lower odds of consuming ORS (AOR = 0.61; CI 0.48, 0.78; p<0.001). Another important variable is place of first treatment sought for diarrheal children. That is children who first sought treatment in private hospital compared to government hospital had 52% lower odds of ORS consumption. The logistic regression adjusted AORs are similar with Zinc and ORS + Zinc supplementations.

Conclusions
To improve the coverage and management of childhood diarrhoea in India, planning activities should focus not only on distribution, and increasing knowledge of ORS preparation especially for urban slum residents and rural disadvantaged groups through demonstration. There should be also proper focus on providing ongoing pathways to ensure proper supply chains.
Roles of low muscle strength and sarcopenic obesity on incident symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Yan Laijun , Ge Haiya , Wang Zhengming , Shen Anping , Xu Qinguang , Jiang Ding , Cao Yuelong 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
Sarcopenia is prevalent in middle to old age. We aimed to investigate the association between muscle strength and the incident knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods
12,043 participants were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The effects of sarcopenic obesity (defined by obesity in combination with possible sarcopenia) on knee OA onset were calculated using Poisson regression models. Mediation analysis was fit to estimate mediating proportion of muscle strength on the association between obesity and incident knee OA.

Results
The study all enrolled 12,043 participants with 2,008 progressed to knee OA. Poisson analyses demonstrated causal association of general obesity (RR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.39) and abdominal obesity (RR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.35) with knee OA onset. For the risk of incident knee OA, participants with the highest level of normalized grip strength had a decreased risk of incident knee OA by 0.33 (RR:0.67, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.75) times compared to the control group, and chair-rising time was associated with increased risk of incident knee OA by 0.65 (RR:1.65, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.33) times. Sensitivity analysis identified similar results. Participants with sarcopenic obesity were about 2 times risk of incident knee OA than reference group. Normalized grip strength and chair-rising time mediated the association between obesity and incidence of knee OA.

Conclusions
Sarcopenic obesity is correlated with an increased risk of knee OA. Muscle strength recovery may alleviate the risk of incident knee OA in middle to old age with obesity.
Analisis Pengaruh Defisit Anggaran, Belanja Pemerintah Pusat, dan Utang Pemerintah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia Tahun 1990-2019
Authors: Elisabeth Praycilia , Sugiyanto FX 
Published: October 2024

In maintaining and increasing economic growth, it is necessary to have appropriate and effective policies so that the target of increasing economic growth every year can be achieved. This policy must be in line with various developments carried out to increase economic growth. However, high government spending will increase the budget deficit and also increase the need for financing through debt. This study uses the variable budget deficit, central government spending, government debt (SBN and ULN), and economic growth in Indonesia from 1990 to 2019. The analysis method used is time series data analysis with the Autoregressive Vector model (VAR) which aims to identify long-term relationships between variables and the Error Correction Model (ECM) which aims to analyze the longterm and short-term effects between variables. The results of research with the VAR model show that the variable deficit, government spending, government securities, and foreign debt have a one-way relationship with Gross Domestic Product.The results of the study with the ECM model show that the central government spending variable and Government Securities (SBN) have a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product (GDP) in the short and long term, and foreign debt has a negative and significant effect on GDP in the short and long term during the period 1990-2019. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the fiscal policy implemented in 2019 is a sustainable fiscal policy. Keywords: Economic Growth, Central Government Expenditure, Budget Deficit, Government Debt, Fiscal Sustainability
Olfactory cilia, regulation and control of olfaction
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sense of smell is still considered a fuzzy sensation. Softly wafting aromas can stimulate the appetite and trigger memories; however, there are many unexplored aspects of its underlying mechanisms, and not all of these have been elucidated. Although the final sense of smell takes place in the brain, it is greatly affected during the preliminary stage, when odorants are converted into electrical signals. After signal conversion through ion channels in olfactory cilia, action potentials are generated through other types of ion channels located in the cell body. Spike trains through axons transmit this information as digital signals to the brain, however, before odorants are converted into digital electric signals, such as an action potential, modification of the transduction signal has already occurred. This review focuses on the early stages of olfactory signaling. Modification of signal transduction mechanisms and their effect on the human sense of smell through three characteristics (signal amplification, olfactory adaptation, and olfactory masking) produced by olfactory cilia, which is the site of signal transduction are being addressed in this review.
Assessing the repeatability of expiratory flow limitation during incremental exercise in healthy adults
Authors: Dunsford Jack R. , Dhaliwal Jasvir K. , Grift Gracie O. , Pryce Robert , Dominelli Paolo B. , Molgat‐Seon Yannick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe sought to determine the repeatability of EFL in healthy adults during incremental cycle exercise. We hypothesized that the repeatability of EFL would be “strong” when assessed as a binary variable (i.e., absent or present) but “poor” when assessed as a continuous variable (i.e., % tidal volume overlap). Thirty‐two healthy adults performed spirometry and an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion on two occasions. Standard cardiorespiratory variables were measured at rest and throughout exercise, and EFL was assessed by overlaying tidal expiratory flow‐volume and maximal expiratory flow‐volume curves. The repeatability of EFL was determined using Cohen's κ for binary assessments of EFL and intraclass correlation (ICC) for continuous measures of EFL. During exercise, n = 12 participants (38%) experienced EFL. At peak exercise, the repeatability of EFL was “minimal” (κ = 0.337, p = 0.145) when assessed as a binary variable and “poor” when measured as a continuous variable (ICC = 0.338, p = 0.025). At matched levels of minute ventilation during high‐intensity exercise (i.e., >75% of peak oxygen uptake), the repeatability of EFL was “weak” when measured as a binary variable (κ = 0.474, p = 0.001) and “moderate” when measured as a continuous variable (ICC = 0.603, p < 0.001). Our results highlight the day‐to‐day variability associated with assessing EFL during exercise in healthy adults.
A new approach to modeling transdermal ethanol kinetics
Authors: Anderson Joseph C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMeasurement of ethanol above the skin surface (supradermal) is used to monitor blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) in both legal and consumer settings. Previously, the relationship between supradermal alcohol concentration (SAC) and BAC was described using partial and ordinary differential equations (PDE model: J. Appl. Physiol. 100: 649‐55, 2006). Using a range of BAC profiles by varying absorption times and peak concentrations, the PDE model accurately predicted experimental measures of SAC. Recently, other mathematical models have relied on the PDE model. This paper proposes a new approach to modeling transdermal ethanol kinetics using a mass transfer coefficient and only ordinary differential equations (ODE model). Using a range of BAC profiles, the ODE model performed very similarly to the PDE model. The ODE model had slightly slower washout rates and slightly slower times to peak SAC and to zero SAC. Similar to the PDE model, a sensitivity analysis on the ODE model showed changes in solubility and diffusivity within the stratum corneum, stratum corneum thickness, and the volume of gas above the skin affected model performance. This new model will streamline integration into larger physiologic models, reduce computation time, and decrease the time to transform skin alcohol measurements to blood alcohol concentrations.
Establishing the TSH reference intervals for healthy adults aged over 70 years: the Australian ASPREE cohort study
Authors: Tran Cammie , Topliss Duncan J. , Schneider Hans G. , Seeman Ego , Clayton-Chubb Daniel , Neumann Johannes T. , Kakoly Nadira , Zhou Zhen , Hussain Sultana Monira , Rickard Amanda J. , Clark David P.Q. , Shah Raj C. , Woods Robyn L. , McNeil John J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
As thyroid disorders are common amongst the elderly, this study aims to evaluate the reference interval (RI) for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy adults aged 70 years and over.

Methods
A proposed RI was determined from the Australian participants of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) randomised trial. Participants had no history of cardiovascular disease, thyroid cancer, dementia, or life-threatening illnesses. Participants prescribed with any thyroid-related medication at baseline were excluded. TSH levels were measured using a commercial chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The RI was determined using the middle 95th percentile of the logarithmic transformed data of baseline TSH. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to validate the RI by assessing disease incidence over time.

Results
A total of 10,995 participants had baseline TSH measures. Median (IQR) age was 73.9 (71.8–77.3) years. We propose a RI of 0.34–3.75 mU/L. TSH levels did not differ by age or sex. At baseline, there was no association between symptoms associated with thyroid disease and levels of TSH. Over the follow-up period of up to 11 years, no association was seen between baseline TSH levels and relevant disease outcomes for participants within the RI.

Conclusions
From a group of initially healthy, community-dwelling adults aged >=70 years, we propose a RI of TSH to best represent euthyroidism. This concentration was not associated with an increased risk of thyroid related symptoms or outcomes, confirming its appropriateness for clinical use.