bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic Root Dilation and Genotype Associations in Phelan‐McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Gluckman Jake , Levy Tess , Friedman Kate , Garces Francesca , Filip‐Dhima Rajna , Quinlan Aisling , Iannotti Isabelle , Pekar Margaret , Hernandez Alexandra Lopez , Nava Madison T. , Kravets Elijah , Siegel Abigail , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Powell Craig M. , Soorya Latha Valluripalli , Thurm Audrey , Srivastava Siddharth , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Sahin Mustafa , Kolevzon Alexander , Gelb Bruce D. ,   the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPhelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the loss of one functional copy of the SHANK3 gene. While many clinical features of PMS are well‐understood, there is currently limited literature on cardiovascular abnormalities in PMS. This report aims to evaluate the prevalence of aortic root dilation (ARD) among individuals with PMS and to understand if underlying genetic variation relates to risk for ARD. We present findings from 59 participants collected from a multisite observational study evaluating the phenotype and natural history of PMS. Individual echocardiographic and genetic reports were analyzed for aortic root measurements and genetic variant data, respectively. Our a priori hypothesis was that participants with chromosome 22 deletions with hg19 start coordinates on or before 49,900,000 (larger deletions) would have more instances of ARD than participants with deletion start coordinates after 49,900,000 (smaller deletions). Eight participants (14%) had ARD, and its presence was statistically significantly associated with large deletions (p = 0.047). Relatedly, participants with ARD had significantly more genes deleted on chromosome 22 than participants without ARD (p = 0.013). These results could aid in the identification of individuals with PMS who are at higher risk for ARD.
Accelerated Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer via Engineering Palladium Sub‐Nanoclusters for Scalable Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Yingnan , Peng Xianyun , Zhao Zilin , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lei Lecheng , Dai Liming , Hou Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of H2O2 from oxygen reduction reaction via a two‐electron pathway is vital as an alternative for the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process. However, this process is largely hindered in neutral and alkaline conditions due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of intermediate O2* into OOH* via proton‐coupled electron transfer sourced from slow water dissociation. Herein, we developed Pd sub‐nanoclusters on the nickel ditelluride nanosheets (Pd SNCs/NiTe2) to enhance the performance of H2O2 electrosynthesis. The newly‐developed Pd SNCs/NiTe2 exhibited a H2O2 selectivity of as high as 99 % and a positive shift of onset potential up to 0.81 V. Combined theoretical calculations and experimental studies (e.g., X‐ray absorption and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements) revealed that the Pd sub‐nanoclusters supported by NiTe2 nanosheets efficiently reduced the energy barrier of water dissociation to generate more protons, facilitating the proton feeding kinetics. When used in a flow cell, Pd SNCs/NiTe2 cathode efficiently produced H2O2 with a maximum yield rate of 1.75 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a current efficiency of 95 % at 100 mA cm−2. Further, an accumulated H2O2 concentration of 1.43 mol L−1 was reached after 10 hours of continuous electrolysis, showing the potential for practical H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Fighting Mutations with Mutations: Evolutionarily Adapting a DNA Aptamer for High‐Affinity Recognition of Mutated Spike Proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Wang Qing , Li Jiuxing , Zhang Zijie , Amini Ryan , Derdall Abigail , Gu Jimmy , Xia Jianrun , Salena Bruno J. , Yamamura Deborah , Soleymani Leyla , Li Yingfu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn on‐going challenge with COVID‐19, which has huge implications for future pandemics, is the rapid emergence of viral variants that makes diagnostic tools less accurate, calling for rapid identification of recognition elements for detecting new variants caused by mutations. We hypothesize that we can fight mutations of the viruses with mutations of existing recognition elements. We demonstrate this concept via rapidly evolving an existing DNA aptamer originally selected for the spike protein (S‐protein) of wildtype SARS‐CoV‐2 to enhance the interaction with the same protein of the Omicron variants. The new aptamer, MBA5SA1, has acquired 22 mutations within its 40‐nucleotide core sequence and improved its binding affinity for the S‐proteins of diverse Omicron subvariants by >100‐fold compared to its parental aptamer (improved from nanomolar to picomolar affinity). Deep sequencing analysis reveals dynamic competitions among several MBA5SA1 variants in response to increasing selection pressure imposed during in vitro selection, with MBA5SA1 being the final winner of the competition. Additionally, MBA5SA1 was implemented into an enzyme‐linked aptamer binding assay (ELABA), which was applied for detecting Omicron variants in the saliva of infected patients. The assay produced a sensitivity of 86.5 % and a specificity of 100 %, which were established with 83 clinical samples.
Predicting Emotional and Behavioral Reactions to Collective Wrongdoing: Effects of Imagined Versus Experienced Collective Guilt on Moral Behavior
Authors: Bernhard Fabian , Rudolph Udo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPast research has shown that people are inconsistent when making predictions about emotions and moral behaviors following their own wrongdoing. However, it is less clear how people react when they did not cause the wrongdoing themselves but the group or collective they associate with. The present paper investigates people's reactions to collective wrongdoing and the question (1) whether the prediction of the experience of group‐based guilt is related to actual moral behaviors and (2) whether this prediction is reliable. In three studies, we analyze collective guilt and subsequent behavioral reactions. Study 1 involved real academic situations, varying the kind of unfair treatment of others. A priori, participants overestimated their own subsequent experiences of collective guilt as well as their moral behavior. With respect to actual responses, experienced guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral reactions, while imagined guilt, in‐group identification and satisfaction did not significantly predict responses. Moreover, participants also reacted more to the direct harm caused by their group to others than to unjustified privileges granted to others. Study 2 fully replicated these results and showed relative stability in the predictions of collective guilt. Study 3 compared the responses by participants of the previous two studies with their responses 5 years later, indicating high stability of the observed effects over time. Also, we observed that making repeated predictions after experiencing the guilt‐eliciting situation did not improve the accuracy of our participants' predictions. We discuss the implications of these findings for self‐predictions, behavioral and affective forecasting of collective emotions, and for common assessment methods of guilt by hypothetical vignettes.
The ‘Friday effect’: School attendance over the weeki
Authors: Clifton‐Sprigg Joanna , James Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing newly released detailed data on absence from school, we find a ‘Friday effect’—children are much less likely to attend schools in England on Fridays. We use daily level data across the whole of England and find that this pattern holds for different schools and for different types of absence, including illness‐related authorised and unexplained unauthorised absence. The Friday absence rate is 1.5 percentage points (20%) higher relative to the rest of the week. For authorised absences, the Friday rate is 0.81 percentage points higher than that for Monday to Thursday, while for unauthorised absences it is 0.71 percentage points higher. Furthermore, we document a social gradient in the ‘Friday effect’ for unauthorised absences, where the effect is larger in more deprived areas. This is especially the case for secondary schools. Similarly, in secondary schools the ‘Friday effect’ is 51% larger in areas with the highest rates of persistent absence compared with areas with the lowest persistent absence rates. We explore reasons for the ‘Friday effect’ and do not find evidence that parents working from home explain the higher absence rate on Fridays. We do find that Friday absences are greater in weeks that precede either a bank holiday or half‐term—suggesting that the extension of holidays or trying to avoid holiday traffic might go some way to explain the patterns that we find. We show that eliminating the ‘Friday effect’ could lead to an improvement of 1.15% of a standard deviation in test scores and a 0.14–0.25% increase in later life income. Tackling weekly absence patterns may therefore help to raise attainment and reduce inequalities.
Tissue‐resident memory T cells: Harnessing their properties against infection for cancer treatment
Authors: Fernandes João , Veldhoen Marc , Ferreira Cristina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe have rapidly gained insights into the presence and function of T lymphocytes in non‐lymphoid tissues, the tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells. The central pillar of adaptive immunity has been expanded from classic central memory T cells giving rise to progeny upon reinfection and effector memory cells circulating through the blood and patrolling the tissues to include TRM cells that reside and migrate inside solid organs and tissues. Their development and maintenance have been studied in detail, providing exciting clues on how their unique properties used to fight infections may benefit therapies against solid tumors. We provide an overview of CD8 TRM cells and the properties that make them of interest for vaccination and cancer therapies.
Cutaneous perianal herpes simplex virus infection mimicking condylomata acuminata in a renal transplant recipient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Al‐Zubaidi Nabaa , Al‐Zubaidi Mohsin , Gholizadeh Nasim , Zaresharifi Shirin 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection can present atypically in immunosuppressed patients, such as renal transplant recipients, often mimicking conditions like condyloma acuminata. This case report of a 39‐year‐old male renal transplant recipient underscores the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion and employing thorough diagnostic techniques, including skin biopsy and polymerase chain reaction, to accurately diagnose chronic lesions and those not responding to initial therapies in these patients. Timely initiation of antiviral therapy, such as intravenous acyclovir, is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Clinicians should be aware of the diverse presentations of HSV in immunocompromised individuals to ensure prompt and effective treatment.AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) has a worldwide distribution and a wide range of clinical presentations. In immunosuppressed patients, the infection can have atypical presentations. We report a 39‐year‐old renal transplant recipient male with a cutaneous HSV infection mimicking condyloma acuminata. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and polymerase chain reaction. The patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir. This case illustrates the significant clinical challenges in establishing a correct diagnosis of this common infection in these patients. A high level of clinical suspicion will result in a prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of antiviral therapy, which is crucial to better patient outcomes.
Prefabricated Composite Dowels Girders for Small Bridges‐Structural Design and Efficiency Evaluation
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Pan Zhenhua , Wolters Kevin , Liu Hongyu , Cheng Litao , Li Jun , Feldmann Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel prefabricated steel‐concrete composite girder is proposed, which aims to provide an economic and sustainable solution for small bridge construction. The girder consists of composite dowels and concrete slabs. The depth of composite girder is analyzed in a span range of 8‐20m. A continuous deck joint between the simply supported bridge is proposed to enhance the durability of the girder. Carbon emissions from construction materials are compared between different schemes. The efficiency of the schemes is evaluated through Live Load Structural Index.
Design of the cross‐section of a steel composite bridge taking into account the buckling check according to EN 1993‐1‐5
Authors: Ndogmo Joseph , Mensinger Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs part of optimizing a steel composite section to determine whether longitudinal stiffeners could be omitted concerning plate buckling, a buckling tool was developed that implements both the effective width method (EWM) and the reduced stress method (RSM). These two methods are offered in addition to the finite element method in EN 1993‐1‐5 for buckling analysis. It was found that when using the formula given in EN‐1993‐1‐5 for calculating the critical buckling stress of unstiffened buckling fields, which is independent of the acting stress distribution, the ratio of the elastic critical plate buckling stress to the elastic critical column buckling stress (σcr,p/σcr,c) is underestimated if the compressive stress is not uniform. This affects the detection of column buckling behavior. The most economical variant resulting from the optimization, the buckling tool, the influence of shear deformations combined with plate buckling, and the column buckling behavior of unstiffened buckling fields are presented in this paper.
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of axial forces in short steel ropes
Authors: Ároch Rudolf , Kováč Michal , Venglár Michal , Klas Tomáš 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAssessing rope force in bridge structural health monitoring, particularly for shorter lengths, poses challenges. The vibration method, commonly utilized for taut strings, yields inaccurate results for short ropes due to neglecting bending stiffness. To address this, the differential equation of lateral vibration of a prismatic beam possessing bending stiffness EI, evenly distributed mass m under the tension force N is solved approximately and numerically using FEM for greater accuracy. Nonlinear fitting via the Gauss‐Newton aids in refining results. Laboratory experiments, varying axial forces and rope characteristics, validated these methods, offering recommendations for improved accuracy.
Influence of Distance from Roads on Corrosion Loss in Weathering Steel Bridges
Authors: Vacek Miroslav , Křivý Vít , Marťáková Monika , Kreislová Kateřina , Vlachová Markéta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere are numerous steel bridges worldwide, many of which are made from weathering steel. Trademarks of weathering steel, such as Corten (the United States), Atmofix (the Czech Republic), NAW‐TEN and CORSPACE (Japan), or Q345CNH (China) are commonly used. Inland steel bridges are impacted by chloride ions, primarily dispersed into the air by road traffic from de‐icing salt (NaCl) and brine solutions used in winter road maintenance, which can compromise the integrity of the bridges' load‐bearing structures. The quantity of deposited chlorides fluctuates based on the distance from the source, especially for inland bridges, where it is determined by the distance from the road. There is also a difference between the winter season and the rest of the year. The study presents in‐situ measurement data from two sites, analyzing the corrosion loss. Additionally, a regression analysis is conducted to understand the relationship between the distance from the road guide line and the corrosion loss.
Tuned mass dampers ‐ evaluation of the effect on two real footbridges
Authors: Nečas Radim , Kučera Jiří , Koláček Jan , Bezručová Kristína 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPedestrian comfort, subtle design, minimizing the number of fixed supports of the footbridge or material saving. These are the key arguments for integrating tuned mass dampers into the bridge project. The goal is to protect people and structure from vibrations and damage. The following paper presents findings from the design, production and tuning of mass dampers, their optimization possibilities and benefits for bridge engineering. The validity of damper design was verified on two footbridges in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It concerns the footbridge over the Svitava River in Bílovice nad Svitavou and the footbridge over the high‐speed road in Banská Bystrica. Dynamic tests including measurement were carried out on both bridges before and after the installation of the dampers. The dynamic monitoring of the compliance of modal parameters was conducted using operational modal analysis (OMA). The evaluation of the dynamic tests also includes the response to pedestrian effects (comfort criteria) and the determination of the logarithmic decrement of the damping.
Comparison of Durability of Composite‐Based Shear connectors
Authors: Weissová Michala , Kvočák Vincent , Dubecký Daniel , Vaňová Patrícia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research paper offers an in‐depth comparative analysis focused on the long‐term durability of shear connectors fabricated from composite materials within a composite and concrete beam structure, extending over a length of six meters. To carry out this evaluation, the experiment employs a four‐point bending test designed to rigorously assess the performance and efficacy of two distinct types of tie straps utilized within the structure. The central element of this investigation, a composite beam integrated within a concrete deck, serves as the primary test specimen, providing a realistic and applicable context for the assessment. The overarching goal of this study is to meticulously examine and compare the resilience and resistance of these shear connectors when subjected to realistic, practical loading conditions. By doing so, the research aims to shed light on the critical performance characteristics of composite shear connectors, especially their role and effectiveness in enhancing the structural integrity and durability of composite and concrete beams in various structural applications. The outcomes of this study are expected to offer significant insights and contribute valuable knowledge to the field of structural engineering, particularly in understanding and improving the performance of composite shear connectors in structural frameworks.
Conversion of historical stone bridge to lifting bridge in the Hořín lock chamber
Authors: Blažek Jan , Navrátil Radek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper describes design and construction process of the unique reconstruction of the historical stone bridge at the lower head of the listed Hořín lock chamber at the confluence of the Vltava and Elbe rivers near Mělník. The original stone arch bridge from 1905 at the outlet of the lock had to be carefully dismantled and rebuilt into a lifting bridge with a vertical lift of 5 m. The goal was to preserve bridges original listed and preserved appearance and enable larger ships to pass under it. The design of reconstruction consisted of proposal of new substructure, new hidden steel superstructure, new hydraulic and mechanical parts and electronical controling system. The original appearence of the stone cladding had to be preserved, so new hidden truss steel kernel was inserted to form the support for the original stone cladding and concrete coupling shell. The stroke of the bridge is controlled electronically by hydraulic cylinders and a system of guides and restraints. The reconstruction of this unique bridge had been carrefully performed under surveilance of National Heritage Office. The project recieved the Czech Construction of the Year 2022 award.
Fatigue strength of repair‐welded headed studs
Authors: Volz Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWelded connections of headed studs are highly stressed details in bridge structures in steel‐concrete composite construction and are largely responsible for the functionality of the supporting structures. At the same time, this detail requires a lot of resources due to the high welding effort and therefore has a major influence on the economic success. An important criterion for the economic and ecological balance of the structure is the durability of the welded joint, which is quantified by the fatigue strength. The welding of headed studs for composite bridges is usually carried out using fully mechanised drawn arc stud welding in accordance with EN ISO 14555. Due to the process, stud welds that do not fulfil the standard requirements for flawless condition may occur in individual cases. The design rules for stud load‐bearing capacity in accordance with EN 1994‐2 are based on tests and only apply to connections produced using drawn arc stud welding. In the past, there were practicable and tacitly accepted solutions for repairing such sporadically occurring faulty welds, but these were never systematically investigated. Particularly against the background of fatigue loading, repair‐welded stud connections are now to be systematically investigated in a project funded by the AIF. The article provides an overview of the execution of stud welded joints and presents the tests planned in the project in order to achieve a practicable recommendation for the repair welding of headed studs.
Failure mode and load prediction of steel bridge girders through 3D laser scanning and machine learning methods
Authors: Tzortzinis Georgios , Wittig Jan , Filippatos Angelos , Gude Maik , Provost Aidan , Ai Chengbo , Gerasimidis Simos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCorrosion poses a significant threat to the longevity of steel bridges, impacting overall structural integrity. To effectively assess the structural condition of corroded steel bridges, conventional methods rely on visual inspections or single point measurements. To enhance and modernize this approach, this study introduces a novel framework integrating laser scanning data, computational models, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The CNN models are trained on a data set consisting of more than 1400 artificial corrosion scenarios generated by parameterizing real scan data from naturally corroded girders. This innovative method predicts the residual capacity and failure mode of corroded beam ends, achieving a low error rate of up to 3.3%. Unlike established evaluation procedures, the proposed evaluation framework directly utilizes post‐processed laser scanner output, eliminating the need for feature extraction and calculations.
Design and Analysis of Curved Steel Bridges Using 3D Shell Modelling
Authors: Biju‐Duval Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSteel bridge designers and erectors primarily rely on approximate methods, such as 1D line girder analyses and 2D grid analyses. For curved or skewed bridges, this can give erroneous indications of the structure's true behaviour. Refined methods of analysis, such as 3D shell modelling, aim to bring a significant change in the practice of bridge engineering. By moving the industry away from simplistic design assumptions, refined analysis methods lead to more accurate, less conservative results, which in turn brings true benefits such as improved structural safety and increased economy. In this paper, several case studies on curved plate girder and tub girder bridges are presented, which cover the full bridge life cycle, from erection of the steel structure and placement of the concrete deck, down to live load analyses using influence surfaces and load rating. The case studies will be modelled with mBrace3D, a dedicated FEA software for curved steel bridges.