bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audiometric findings with voluntary tensor tympani contraction
Authors: Wickens Brandon , Floyd Duncan , Bance Manohar 
Published: January 2017

Background Tensor tympani contraction may have a “signature” audiogram. This study demonstrates audiometric findings during voluntary tensor tympani contraction. Methods Five volunteers possessing the ability to voluntarily contract their tensor tympani muscles were identified and enrolled. Tensor tympani contraction was confirmed with characteristic tympanometry findings. Study subjects underwent conventional audiometry. Air conduction and bone conduction threshold testing was performed with and without voluntary tensor tympani contraction. Main outcome measure Changes in air conduction and bone conduction thresholds during voluntary tensor tympani contraction. Results Audiometric results demonstrate a low frequency mixed hearing loss resulting from tensor tympani contraction. Specifically, at 250 Hz, air conduction thresholds increased by 22 dB and bone conduction thresholds increased by 10 dB. Conclusions Previous research has demonstrated a low frequency conductive hearing loss in the setting of tensor tympanic contraction. This is the first study to demonstrate a low frequency mixed hearing loss associated with tensor tympani contraction. This finding may aid in the diagnosis of disorders resulting from abnormal tensor tympani function. Tensor tympani contraction should be included on the differential for low frequency mixed hearing loss.
Complete genome sequence and whole-genome phylogeny of Kosmotoga pacifica type strain SLHLJ1T from an East Pacific hydrothermal sediment
Authors: Jiang Lijing , L’Haridon Stéphane , Jebbar Mohamed , Xu Hongxiu , Alain Karine , Shao Zongze 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKosmotoga pacifica strain SLHLJ1T is a thermophilic chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal sediment. It belongs to the physiologically homogeneous Thermotogaceae family. Here, we describe the phenotypic features of K. pacifica together with its genome sequence and annotation. The chromosome has 2,169,170 bp, organized in one contig. A total of 1897 candidate protein-encoding genes and 177 RNA genes were identified. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain is distantly related to sequences of some relatives classified in the same genus (K. olearia 7.02% and K. shengliensis 7.83%), with dissimilarity percentages close to the threshold generally described for genus delineation. Nevertheless, the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), which is much higher than 50% (around 70%), together with phenotypic features of the isolates, confirm the affiliation all Kosmotoga species described so far to the same genus.
Indian Slaves from Guiana in Seventeenth-Century Barbados
Authors: Arena Carolyn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe economy of Barbados benefited both from the labor of Indian captives and from their isolated position away from indigenous zones of conflict and economic competition. The Anglo-Barbadians accessed labor in Guiana, the region between the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers. Barbados was a secure location, away from the indigenous war zones, trade routes, and markets for captives in Guiana. In this context, the Barbadian sugar industry flourished without threat from Indians’ reprisals. Seventeenth-century ethnographies and modern scholarship have emphasized the limited nature of this Indian slave trade, or the finite roles that Indian slaves played in colonial economies. However, the archival sources I use provide evidence that colonists routinely exploited Guiana for native slaves, and once on Barbados, the latter contributed a broad range of skills to the early economy of the island.
When social behaviour is moulded in clay: on growth and form of social insect nests
Authors: Perna Andrea , Theraulaz Guy 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe nests built by social insects are among the most complex structures produced by animal groups. They reveal the social behaviour of a colony and as such they potentially allow comparative studies. However, for a long time, research on nest architecture was hindered by the lack of technical tools allowing the visualisation of their complex 3D structures and the quantification of their properties. Several techniques, developed over the years, now make it possible to study the organisation of these nests and how they are built. Here, we review present knowledge of the mechanisms of nest construction, and how nest structure affects the behaviour of individual insects and the organisation of activities within a colony.
Modification of feeding circuits in the evolution of social behavior
Authors: Fischer Eva K. , O'Connell Lauren A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Adaptive trade-offs between foraging and social behavior intuitively explain many aspects of individual decision-making. Given the intimate connection between social behavior and feeding/foraging at the behavioral level, we propose that social behaviors are linked to foraging on a mechanistic level, and that modifications of feeding circuits are crucial in the evolution of complex social behaviors. In this Review, we first highlight the overlap between mechanisms underlying foraging and parental care and then expand this argument to consider the manipulation of feeding-related pathways in the evolution of other complex social behaviors. We include examples from diverse taxa to highlight that the independent evolution of complex social behaviors is a variation on the theme of feeding circuit modification.
A simple method for calculation of basic molecular properties of nutrients and their use as a criterion for a healthy diet
Authors: Veljkovic Veljko , Perovic Vladimir , Anderluh Marko , Paessler Slobodan , Veljkovic Milena , Glisic Sanja , Nicolson Garth 
Published: January 2017

Background: Healthy nutrition is vital for good health and well-being. Despite the important role of a healthy nutritional diet, recommendations for healthy eating remain elusive and are mainly based on general properties of nutrients. The present study proposes an improved characterization of the molecular characteristics of nutrients, which are important for biological functions and can be useful in describing a healthy diet. Methods: We investigated the electronic properties of some known nutrient ingredients. In this analysis, we used the average quasi valence number (AQVN) and the electron-ion interaction potential (EIIP), which are molecular descriptors that represent the basic electronic properties of organic molecules. Results: Our results show that most nutrients can be represented by specific groups of organic compounds according to their basic electronic properties, and these differ from the vast majority of known chemicals. Based on this finding, we have proposed a simple criterion for the selection of food components for healthy nutrition. Discussion: Further studies on the electronic properties of nutrients could serve as a basis for better understanding of their biological functions.
Online Shopping and Platform Design with Ex Ante Registration Requirements
Authors: Morath Florian , Münster Johannes 
Published: January 2017

We study platform design in online markets in which buying involves a (nonmonetary) cost for consumers caused by privacy and security concerns. Firms decide whether to require registration at their website before consumers learn relevant product information. We derive conditions under which a monopoly seller benefits from ex ante registration requirements and demonstrate that the profitability of registration requirements is increased when taking into account the prospect of future purchases or an informational value of consumer registration to the firm. Moreover, we consider the effectiveness of discounts (store credit) as a means to influence the consumers’ registration decision. Finally, we confirm the profitability of ex ante registration requirements in the presence of price competition. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2595 . This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Spillover Effects Within Business Groups: The Case of Korean Chaebols
Authors: Joe Denis Yongmin , Oh Frederick Dongchuhl 
Published: January 2017

We examine the spillover effects that occur within Korean business groups (i.e., chaebols) by focusing on the market reactions of event firms to announcements of credit rating changes. We find that there are positive spillovers (caused by positive market reactions) and negative spillovers (caused by negative market reactions) that are driven by the market reactions of event firms. Our analyses indicate that negative spillovers are more dominant than positive spillovers. Moreover, a spillover that is driven by a leading firm within a business group has stronger effects on other firms in the group than a spillover that is driven by a nonleading firm. This suggests that the market evaluation of a business group is conducted more on the basis of a leading firm than a nonleading firm within a group. Finally, we show that the spillover effects that are analyzed in our study are more noticeable when the business relationship between an event firm and other affiliated firms is closer. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Barriers to paramedic education in black and ethnic minority (BME) groups
Authors: Farquharson Natalie , Dudley Robert , Hardwick Sharon , Zandbeek Jennifer 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To gain an understanding of how Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups respond to information about paramedic courses, their experience of the enrolment processes and their experience of paramedic training. Methodology: Telephone interviews were conducted with qualified paramedics and student paramedics from BME groups. Findings: Interviews revealed issues in relation to the accessibility and understanding of information on paramedic education and a lack of information in preparation for paramedic courses, causing unrealistic expectations. A lack of diversity in the student population, incidences of racial offence (unconscious or conscious), and a lack of visibility of BME staff in the ambulance service as well as in the wider community were identified. Practical implications: The results produced from this evaluation may contribute towards a series of recommendations in order to better inform practice to increase the diversity of students entering into paramedic science and in order to avoid issues such as student attrition
Zinc-Chromium oxide catalyst for gas-phase ketonisation of pentanoic acid
Authors: Al-ghamdi Mohammed , Bayahia Hossein 
Published: January 2017

Oxides of Zinc and Chromium mixed catalyst with different atomic ratios of Zinc and Chromium were tested in the ketonisation of pentanoic acid in the gas phase. These catalysts were active to form 5-nonanone, at 300 – 400 <sup>o</sup>C and ambient pressure. It found that Zn-Cr with an atomic ratio (10:1) gave the best catalytic performance in comparison with other oxides with higher or lower atomic ratio of Zn and Cr mixed oxides, ZnO and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. In this test, Zn-Cr (10:1) gave 82% selectivity of 5-nonanone as the main product at 86% conversion of acid at 350<sup>o</sup>C. The catalyst showed stable performance at the best selected conditions with a small decrease of acid conversion. For catalyst characterization, BET surface area and porosity technique, X-ray diffraction and DRIFTS of pyridine adsorption were used.
Solution to Fredholm integral inclusions via (F, δb
)-contractions
Authors: Nashine Hemant Kumar , Agarwal Ravi P. , Kadelburg Zoran 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of Fredholm integral inclusion equations using new sort of contractions, named as multivalued almost F -contractions and multivalued almost F -contraction pairs under ı-distance, defined in b-metric spaces. We give its relevance to fixed point results in orbitally complete b-metric spaces. To rationalize the notions and outcome, we illustrate the appropriate examples.
A remark on local fractional calculus and ordinary derivatives
Authors: Almeida Ricardo , Guzowska Małgorzata , Odzijewicz Tatiana 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this short note we present a new general definition of local fractional derivative, that depends on an unknown kernel. For some appropriate choices of the kernel we obtain some known cases. We establish a relation between this new concept and ordinary differentiation. Using such formula, most of the fundamental properties of the fractional derivative can be derived directly.
Group 14 metalloles condensed with heteroaromatic systems
Authors: Ohshita Joji 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere has been keen interest in group 14 metalloles
as building units of conjugated organic functional
materials. This short review summarizes our recent work
on group 14 metalloles condensed with heteroaromatic
systems, including thiophene and pyridine. These condensed
metalloles show interesting properties depending
on both the group 14 metallole elements and the heteroaromatic
systems. High planarity of the condensed systems
and interaction between the element σ*-orbital and
the heteroaromatic π*-orbital enhance the conjugation in
these systems leading to their potential applications as
functional materials, such as carrier transporting materials
and emissive materials.
Habilidades sociais e fatores de risco e proteção na adultez emergente
Authors: Pereira Anderson Siqueira , Dutra-Thomé Luciana , Koller Silvia Helena 
Published: January 2017

Este estudo objetivou avaliar relações entre habilidades sociais e pensamentos negativos com fatores de proteção e de risco na adultez emergente. Participaram 521 adultos entre 18 e 30 anos (M = 22,68; DP = 3,21). Os participantes foram agrupados com base em seus escores de habilidades sociais e presença de pensamentos negativos frente a interações sociais. Foram desenvolvidas ANOVAS para comparação das médias entre os grupos. Comparações de grupos demonstraram diferenças significativas entre eles, em que o grupo socialmente competente apresentou medias superiores de fatores de proteção e inferiores nos fatores de risco em relação aos demais. Habilidades sociais podem ser consideradas fator de proteção, sua presença está associada a melhores índices de autoestima, autoeficácia e qualidade nos relacionamentos.
A (im)possibilidade do “conhecimento” de Deus em Kant: o Sumo Bem, objeto necessário da razão
Authors: Rohden Luiz , De Jesus Valdinei Vicente 
Published: January 2017

O sumo bem, tal qual apresentado na CRPr, consiste na união da moralidade com a felicidade. Como esta ligação não pode ser assegurada necessariamente pelo próprio homem durante a sua finita e imperfeita existência, resta que se existe uma síntese; a mesma apenas pode ser elucidada em um suposto juízo sintético a priori que possa unir a vida terrena virtuosa com a felicidade post mortem que é o que parece exigir uma síntese desta natureza (CRPr, A 215). Frente a esta questão, defendemos que há boas razões para sustentar que o sumo bem é um objeto necessário da razão prática pura com base no pressuposto metafísico da constituição peculiar da faculdade de apetição de seres racionais finitos sem comprometer, com isso, o caráter de universalidade desta pretensão. O artigo culmina apontando alguns pontos de vista de aproximação da figura do sumo bem deixando claro que não há uma prova cabal; mas a fecundidade de um conjunto de perspectivas teóricas e práticas que permitem uma série de aproximações desse conceito até o ponto em que, por razões bem fundamentadas, não parece mais razoável sustentá-lo apenas como um ideal meramente dialético.
Introduction to Statistics
Authors: Nielen Mirjam 
Published: January 2017

<p>Always wondered why research papers often present rather complicated statistical analyses? Or wondered how to properly analyse the results of a pragmatic trial from your own practice? This talk will give an overview of basic statistical principles and focus on the why of statistics, rather than on the how.</p><p>This is a podcast of Mirjam's talk at the Veterinary Evidence Today conference, Edinburgh November 2, 2016.</p><p> <a href="/index.php/ve/article/view/85/123"><img src="/public/site/images/bridget/Mirjam_image.PNG" alt="" /></a></p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" />
Joyas femeninas: un aporte sobre léxico del español colonial americano
Authors: Egido Fernández María Cristina 
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo estudia un aspecto del léxico que era parte de la vida cotidiana en la América colonial: las joyas que completaban el ajuar femenino y los materiales que las componían. Las relaciones de bienes (inventarios, almonedas, etc.) son la documentación idónea para analizar este tipo de léxico, pues eran los instrumentos que legalmente dejaban constancia de las pertenencias personales. Se analizan los nombres de las alhajas que lucían las mujeres en tres regiones americanas: Nueva España, Nueva Granada y Alto Perú andino. El corpus documental procede del Archivo General de Indias, para Nueva España, del Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia y de los archivos Histórico Casa de la Moneda de Potosí y Nacional de Bolivia (Sucre). Todos los documentos son originales, y la mayor parte inéditos.
The Impact of Ethno Marketing Activities on Consumer Buying Behavior in the Balkans: The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Zeqiri Dr.Sc. Jusuf 
Published: January 2017

Ethno marketing defines as marketing segmentation approach that groups consumers on the basis of ethnicity. Ethno marketing starts with recognizing the elements of culture as crucial and essential for driving contemporary marketing strategies. Ethno marketing is slowly gaining traction in marketing in multicultural environments, particularly in countries or regions inhabited by consumers from different ethnic backgrounds. This study aims to find whether such marketing activities based on cultural elements practice has any effect on consumers’ buying behavior in the Balkans. It focuses on consumers in Kosova with the understanding that this is a preliminary exploratory study whose results will form basis for a large study on the Balkan region.The study used a structured questionnaire with the Likert Scale. One hundred, forty-eight responses were received and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.The results of the analysis show that Albanian consumers in Kosova agree that ethno marketing is important and company marketing activities such as a company’s advertisement and promotion in the language of the ethnic is considered very important during consumers purchase decisions. Furthermore, results reveal that symbols, cultural elements as well as the information dissemination inside the stores and outside seem to be very important for consumers.On the basis of this study, a larger study that covers the different countries in the Balkan region to determine how consumers in the different countries in the region relate to ethno marketing is strongly recommended.
Multicollinearity in Path Analysis: A Simple Method to Reduce Its Effects
Authors: Olivoto Tiago , de Souza Velci Q. , Nardino Maicon , Carvalho Ivan R. , Ferrari Maurício , de Pelegrin Alan J. , Szareski Vinícius J. , Schmidt Denise 
Published: January 2017

The multicollinearity in path analysis was investigated in different scenarios.
A biometrical approach identified the multicollinearity‐generating traits.
Data derived from averages overestimated the correlation coefficients.
The use of all sampled observations increased the accuracy in path analysis.
A simple sample tracking method that reduces multicollinearity is proposed.
Some data arrangement methods often used may mask correlation coefficients among explanatory traits, increasing multicollinearity in multiple regression analysis. This study was performed to determine if the harmful effects of multicollinearity might be reduced in the estimation of the X′X correlation matrix among explanatory traits. For this, data on 45 treatments (15 maize [Zea mays L.] hybrids sown in three places) were used. Three path analysis methods (traditional, with k inclusion, and traditional with trait exclusion) were tested in two scenarios: with X′X matrix estimated with all sampled observations (ASO, n = 900) and with the X′X matrix estimated with the average values of each plot (AVP, n = 180). The condition number (CN) was reduced from 3395 to 2004 when the matrix was estimated with all observations. On average, the factors that inflate the variance of regression coefficients were increased by 61% in the AVP scenario. The addition of the k coefficient reduced the CN to 85.40 and 51.17 for the ASO and AVP scenarios, respectively. Exclusion of multicollinearity‐generating traits was more effective in the ASO than the AVP scenario, resulting in CNs of 29.62 and 63.66, respectively. The largest coefficient of determination (0.977) and the smallest noise (0.150) were obtained in the ASO scenario after the exclusion of the multicollinearity‐generating traits. The use of all sampled observations does not mask the individual variances and reduces the magnitude of the correlations among explanatory traits in 90% of cases, improving the accuracy of biological studies involving path analysis.
Planting Saved Roundup Ready 1 Soybean Seed Implications on Yield and Profit
Authors: Mason Stephen C. , Walters Cory G. , Galusha Tomie D. , Wilson Roger K. , Kmail Zaher 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
RR1 Soybean seed produces similar yield to RR2Y seed.
Saving RR1 soybean affords large economic advantages with lower risk.
Saved RR1 soybean seed had similar yield, bulk densities, and percent lodging as commercial RR2Y seed.
A 3‐yr study was conducted to address agronomic considerations and economic feasibility for the legal right for Nebraska farmers to plant saved seed of Roundup Ready (RR1) (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO) soybean [Glycine max (L). Merr.] varieties rather than purchasing commercial Genuity (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO) Round Ready 2 Yield (to be referred to as RR2Y throughout the rest of the manuscript) seed. We hypothesized that net income from producing saved RR1 seed would be greater than for RR2Y seed when yield and cost differentials related to seed source, storing and cleaning seed were considered. Commercial RR1 and RR2Y seed in 2012, and saved RR1 and commercial RR2Y soybean seed in 2013 and 2014 produced no differences in average yields, bulk densities, and percent lodging. Plant population differences at harvest were present across years, but saved RR1 and commercial RR2Y seed plant populations were similar, and did not influence soybean yield. Saved RR1 seed had similar purity, germination, and vigor compared to seed tag information for commercial RR2Y seed. Gross returns to saving seed efforts were estimated to be between US$66.15 and $85.27 ha−1 over commercial RR2Y seed. If producers can obtain approval for use of competitively yielding public or private RR1 soybean variety seed and put in the extra effort required to produce, handle, clean, and save seed, a substantial increase in net income is possible by planting saved RR1 seed rather than purchasing commercial RR2Y seed. Producers will need to learn about the relative costs and benefits of saved RR1 and commercial RRY2 seed to make an informed decision.