bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LPS impairs oxygen utilization in epithelia by triggering degradation of the mitochondrial enzyme Alcat1
Authors: Zou Chunbin , Synan Matthew J. , Li Jin , Xiong Sheng , Manni Michelle L. , Liu Yuan , Chen Bill B. , Zhao Yutong , Shiva Sruti , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Jiang Jianfei , Lee Janet S. , Das Sudipta , Ray Anuradha , Ray Prabir , Kagan Valerian E. , Mallampalli Rama K. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Cardiolipin (also known as PDL6) is an indispensable lipid required for mitochondrial respiration that is generated through de novo synthesis and remodeling. Here, the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin-acyltransferase-1 (Alcat1; SwissProt ID, Q6UWP7) is destabilized in epithelia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairing mitochondrial function. Exposure to LPS selectively decreased levels of carbon 20 (C20)-containing cardiolipin molecular species, whereas the content of C18 or C16 species was not significantly altered, consistent with decreased levels of Alcat1. Alcat1 is a labile protein that is lysosomally degraded by the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp–Cullin–F-box containing the Fbxo28 subunit (SCF-Fbxo28) that targets Alcat1 for monoubiquitylation at residue K183. Interestingly, K183 is also an acetylation-acceptor site, and acetylation conferred stability to the enzyme. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) interacted with Alcat1, and expression of a plasmid encoding HDAC2 or treatment of cells with LPS deacetylated and destabilized Alcat1, whereas treatment of cells with a pan-HDAC inhibitor increased Alcat1 levels. Alcat1 degradation was partially abrogated in LPS-treated cells that had been silenced for HDAC2 or treated with MLN4924, an inhibitor of Cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. Thus, LPS increases HDAC2-mediated Alcat1 deacetylation and facilitates SCF-Fbxo28-mediated disposal of Alcat1, thus impairing mitochondrial integrity.
Regulatory Support of Creation of the Contents of Professional Education in the Sphere of Physical Culture and Sports
Authors: Николаева  , Nikolaeva N. , Родионов  , Rodionov V. , Валюженич  , Valyuzhenich M. 
Published: November 2015

The article deals with the problems of formation of the contents of professional education in the fi eld of physical culture and sports (FC and S). The
analysis of sports coach’ professional standard is given in connection with regulatory changes in the system of professional education. Modern content
of professional education is based on the competency approach. Competencies must be included into professional standards and in connection with the
kinds of activities and functions of sports coach according to the National Classifi er of Positions.
Technology of Pedagogical Goal Setting As a Methodological Basis for Solution of the Problem of Training Programs Selection from the Standpoint of the Standard of Education
Authors: ����������  , Turbovskoy Ya. , ��������  , Filinova Vera 
Published: November 2015

The paper describes research fi nding solutions to a fundamental problem, which aff ects not only the quality and effi ciency of functioning of system of national
education, but also the strengthening of its unity and form integrity. The authors proceed from the fundamental importance of the state standard
as the basis for the organic association of state needs and challenges facing national education, and the need for their eff ective practical implementation
from the standpoint of the indissoluble unity of the standard with existing educational programs.
In the article it is disclosed, as may be decided so relevant to the national education problems through the use of technology pedagogical goal setting,
capable of producing a systemic set of criteria through which can be the optimal selection of training programs, most adequately implement the requirements
of the state standard.
Provisioning of Large-Scale Systems: The Interplay Between Network Effects and Strategic Behavior in the User Base
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan , Wierman Adam , Zwart Bert 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we consider the problem of capacity provisioning for an online service supported by advertising. We analyse the strategic interaction between the service provider and the user base in this setting, modeling positive network effects, as well as congestion sensitivity in the user base. We focus specifically on the influence of positive network effects, as well as the impact of noncooperative behavior in the user base on the firm’s capacity provisioning decision and its profit. Our analysis reveals that stronger positive network effects, as well as noncooperation in the user base, drive the service into a more congested state and lead to increased profit for the service provider. However, the impact of noncooperation, or “anarchy” in the user base strongly dominates the impact of network effects. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Loss of Projections, Functional Compensation, and Residual Deficits in the Mammalian Vestibulospinal System ofHoxb1-Deficient Mice
Authors: Di Bonito Maria , Boulland Jean-Luc , Krezel Wojciech , Setti Eya , Studer Michèle , Glover Joel C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe genetic mechanisms underlying the developmental and functional specification of brainstem projection neurons are poorly understood. Here, we use transgenic mouse tools to investigate the role of the geneHoxb1in the developmental patterning of vestibular projection neurons, with particular focus on the lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST). The LVST is the principal pathway that conveys vestibular information to limb-related spinal motor circuits and arose early during vertebrate evolution. We show that the segmental hindbrain expression domain uniquely defined by the rhombomere 4 (r4)Hoxb1enhancer is the origin of essentially all LVST neurons, but also gives rise to subpopulations of contralateral medial vestibulospinal tract (cMVST) neurons, vestibulo-ocular neurons, and reticulospinal (RS) neurons. In newborn mice homozygous for aHoxb1-null mutation, the r4-derived LVST and cMVST subpopulations fail to form and the r4-derived RS neurons are depleted. Several general motor skills appear unimpaired, but hindlimb vestibulospinal reflexes, which are mediated by the LVST, are greatly reduced. This functional deficit recovers, however, during the second postnatal week, indicating a substantial compensation for the missing LVST. Despite the compensatory plasticity in balance, adultHoxb1-null mice exhibit other behavioral deficits that manifest particularly in proprioception and interlimb coordination during locomotor tasks. Our results provide a comprehensive account of the developmental role ofHoxb1in patterning the vestibular system and evidence for a remarkable developmental plasticity in the descending control of reflex limb movements. They also suggest an involvement of the lateral vestibulospinal tract in proprioception and in ensuring limb alternation generated by locomotor circuitry.
Expression of Quinone Reductase-2 in the Cortex Is a Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Dependent Memory Consolidation Constraint
Authors: Rappaport Akiva N. , Jacob Eyal , Sharma Vijendra , Inberg Sharon , Elkobi Alina , Ounallah-Saad Hadile , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Edry Efrat , Rosenblum Kobi 
Published: November 2015

Learning of novel information, including novel taste, requires activation of neuromodulatory transmission mediated, for example, by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in relevant brain structures. In addition, drugs enhancing the function of mAChRs are used to treat memory impairment and decline. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. Here, using quantitative RT-PCR in Wistar Hola rats, we found quinone reductase 2 (QR2) to be expressed in the cortex in an mAChR-dependent manner. QR2 mRNA expression in the insular cortex is inversely correlated with mAChR activation both endogenously, after novel taste learning, and exogenously, after pharmacological manipulation of the muscarinic transmission. Moreover, reducing QR2 expression levels through lentiviral shRNA vectors or activity via inhibitors is sufficient to enhance long-term memories. We also show here that, in patients with Alzheimer's disease, QR2 is overexpressed in the cortex. It is suggested that QR2 expression in the cortex is a removable limiting factor of memory formation and thus serves as a new target to enhance cognitive function and delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found that: (1) quinone reductase 2 (QR2) expression is a muscarinic-receptor-dependent removable constraint on memory formation in the cortex, (2) reducing QR2 expression or activity in the cortex enhances memory formation, and (3) Alzheimer's disease patients overexpressed QR2. We believe that these results propose a new mechanism by which muscarinic acetylcholine receptors affect cognition and suggest that inhibition of QR2 is a way to enhance cognition in normal and pathological conditions.
Neuronal RARβ Signaling Modulates PTEN Activity Directly in Neurons and via Exosome Transfer in Astrocytes to Prevent Glial Scar Formation and Induce Spinal Cord Regeneration
Authors: Goncalves Maria B. , Malmqvist Tony , Clarke Earl , Hubens Chantal J. , Grist John , Hobbs Carl , Trigo Diogo , Risling Mårten , Angeria Maria , Damberg Peter , Carlstedt Thomas P. , Corcoran Jonathan P.T 
Published: November 2015

Failure of axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is mainly attributed to a lack of intrinsic neuronal growth programs and an inhibitory environment from a glial scar. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a major negative regulator of neuronal regeneration and, as such, inhibiting its activity has been considered a therapeutic target for spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). Using a novel model of rat cervical avulsion, we show that treatment with a retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) agonist results in locomotor and sensory recovery. Axonal regeneration from the severed roots into the SC could be seen by biotinylated dextran amine labeling. Light micrographs of the dorsal root entry zone show the peripheral nervous system (PNS)–CNS transition of regrown axons. RARβ agonist treatment also resulted in the absence of scar formation. Mechanism studies revealed that, in RARβ-agonist-treated neurons, PTEN activity is decreased by cytoplasmic phosphorylation and increased secretion in exosomes. These are taken up by astrocytes, resulting in hampered proliferation and causing them to arrange in a normal-appearing scaffold around the regenerating axons. Attribution of the glial modulation to neuronal PTEN in exosomes was demonstrated by the use of an exosome inhibitorin vivoand PTEN siRNAin vitroassays. The dual effect of RARβ signaling, both neuronal and neuronal–glial, results in axonal regeneration into the SC after dorsal root neurotmesis. Targeting this pathway may open new avenues for the treatment of SCIs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in permanent damage in the adult due to the very limited capacity of axonal regeneration. Intrinsic neuronal programs and the formation of a glial scar are the main obstacles. Here, we identify a single target, neuronal retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ), which modulates these two aspects of the postinjury physiological response. Activation of RARβ in the neuron inactivates phosphatase and tensin homolog and induces its transfer into the astrocytes in small vesicles, where it prevents scar formation. This may open new therapeutic avenues for SCIs.
A Smaug2-Based Translational Repression Complex Determines the Balance between Precursor Maintenance versus Differentiation during Mammalian Neurogenesis
Authors: Amadei Gianluca , Zander Mark A. , Yang Guang , Dumelie Jason G. , Vessey John P. , Lipshitz Howard D. , Smibert Craig A. , Kaplan David R. , Miller Freda D. 
Published: November 2015

Here, we have asked about post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating murine developmental neurogenesis, focusing upon the RNA-binding proteins Smaug2 and Nanos1. We identify, in embryonic neural precursors of the murine cortex, a Smaug2 protein/nanos1mRNA complex that is present in cytoplasmic granules with the translational repression proteins Dcp1 and 4E-T. We show that Smaug2 inhibits and Nanos1 promotes neurogenesis, with Smaug2 knockdown enhancing neurogenesis and depleting precursors, and Nanos1 knockdown inhibiting neurogenesis and maintaining precursors. Moreover, we show that Smaug2 likely regulates neurogenesis by silencingnanos1mRNA. Specifically, Smaug2 knockdown inappropriately increases Nanos1 protein, and the Smaug2 knockdown-mediated neurogenesis is rescued by preventing this increase. Thus, Smaug2 and Nanos1 function as a bimodal translational repression switch to control neurogenesis, with Smaug2 acting in transcriptionally primed precursors to silence mRNAs important for neurogenesis, includingnanos1mRNA, and Nanos1 acting during the transition to neurons to repress the precursor state.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mechanisms instructing neural stem cells to generate the appropriate progeny are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding proteins Smaug2 and Nanos1 are critical regulators of this balance and provide evidence supporting the idea that neural precursors are transcriptionally primed to generate neurons but translational regulation maintains these precursors in a stem cell state until the appropriate developmental time.
Investigating the Neural Correlates of Schemas: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Is Necessary for Normal Schematic Influence on Memory
Authors: Spalding Kelsey N. , Jones Samuel H. , Duff Melissa C. , Tranel Daniel , Warren David E. 
Published: November 2015

Schemas, as memory representations of typical contexts, allow for generalization from previous experiences while often improving memory organization and accuracy. However, these advantageous characteristics of schematic memory may come at the cost of episode-specific information. In the human brain, this tradeoff between general and specific knowledge has been linked to differential contributions of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) to episode-specific memory and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to generalized, schematic memory. Here, we used a neuropsychological approach to test whether participants with focal vmPFC damage (n= 6) would show a reduced influence of schematic memory relative to healthy normal comparison participants (n= 12) in a recognition task that presented schematically congruent or incongruent contexts at study. As predicted, normal comparison participants were more likely to identify items as old after studying them in congruent contexts, and this effect was reflected in increased true and false recognition. These effects of prior context on recognition were not observed in the vmPFC group, suggesting that vmPFC damage reduced the influence of schematic memory. These findings are consistent with the proposition that the vmPFC plays an important role in integrating previous experience into ongoing memory processes while acting as part of a larger memory network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the human brain, new memories are strongly influenced by existing knowledge of relevant context (sometimes called “schemas”). Schemas can benefit memory by expediting learning and increasing capacity in familiar contexts, but these benefits may simultaneously reduce episode-specific memory. Here we show that damage to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) reduced the influence of existing knowledge on new memories. Our findings suggest that the vmPFC plays a key role in schematic memory processes by integrating previous experiences and contextual information to influence memory. These findings provide novel insight into the brain regions necessary for normal schematic memory and enhance our understanding of the brain networks supporting memory processes.
Amphibia, Anura, Coastal Zone, state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Loebmann Daniel , Mai Ana Cecília Giacometti 
Published: November 2015

Amphibians are an important component of terrestrial and aquatic freshwater communities worldwide. Especially to the Northern coastal zone of Brazil, the knowledge about amphibian communities is very scarce. We have studied amphibian assemblages along the coastal strip zone of the state of Piauí for two years, covering a distance of ca. 70 km. It was possible to prepare a list of 21 anurans from 6 families (Microhylidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Cycloramphidae, Leiuperidae, and Bufonidae). All species are common and widely distributed in Brazilian territory, tinga biome. The results are important to amplify the knowledge on the biodiversity found at the knowledge on the biodiveristy found at the coastal zone of the state of Piauí.
Zähne und Gebiss des Pferdes – eine klinisch-anatomische Übersicht
Authors: Staszyk C. 
Published: November 2015

ZusammenfassungBei der Untersuchung der equinen Mundhöhle können die Zähne numerisch sowie in Hinblick auf ihre Stellung im Gebiss relativ einfach erfasst werden. Des Weiteren lassen sich mit geeigneten Hilfsmitteln die Kauflächen sämtlicher Zähne betrachten und befunden. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass diese Untersuchungsparameter nicht unveränderlich sind, sondern durch Alterungsprozesse und durch den pferdetypischen starken Abrieb an der Kaufläche kontinuierlich umgestaltet und variiert werden. Basierend auf anatomischen Kenntnissen gilt es, diagnostisch wertvolle Merkmale zu definieren, die es erlauben, zwischen Variationen der gesunden Struktur und tatsächlichen pathologischen Veränderungen zu unterscheiden. Dazu gehört auch eine unzweideutig definierte und angewendete Nomenklatur, die die Besonderheiten der Spezies Pferd angemessen berücksichtigt. Demgemäß werden in diesem Artikel grundlegende anatomische Sachverhalte rekapituliert sowie aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur klinischen Anatomie des Pferdegebisses dargestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf dynamischen Veränderungen im und am Zahn sowie im Gebiss.
ANÁLISE TECTÔNICA DE TERRENOS: METODOLOGIA, APLICAÇÃO EM CINTURÕES OROGÊNICOS E EXEMPLO DAS PROVÍNCIAS TOCANTINS E BORBOREMA, BRASIL.
Authors: Santos Lauro Cézar Montefalco de Lira , Fuck Reinhardt A. , Santos Edilton José dos , Dantas Elton Luiz 
Published: November 2015

Em regiões afetadas por tectônica convergente é comum a presença de um ou mais elementos alóctones que supostamente foram acrescidos à margem continental. Se esses elementos forem limitados por falhas ou zonas de cisalhamento importantes, são chamados de terrenos. Os terrenos apresentam tamanhos variáveis e, por vezes, representam fragmentos crustais alóctones, que podem apresentar histórias evolutivas individuais anteriores à sua acreção. Terrenos podem ser classificados em função de suas características individuais (estratigráficos, fragmentados ou metamórficos) e pelo tipo de acreção a que foram submetidos (frontal, lateral ou oblíqua). A análise de terrenos representa técnica multidisciplinar utilizada no estudo de cinturões orogênicos que tem como objetivo principal o entendimento dos diversos processos geodinâmicos relacionados a ambientes de subducção e complexos colisionais, sendo amplamente aplicada em diversas regiões do planeta. Em alguns orógenos pré-cambrianos brasileiros tem-se reconhecido padrões que permitem interpretar sua evolução como resultado de processos acrecionários e de colagem de terrenos, descritos em vários segmentos das províncias Tocantins e Borborema.Palavras-Chave: Cinturões orogênicos, tectônica acrescionária, terrenos alóctones. Abstract: TECTONIC ANALYSIS OF TERRANES: METHODOLOGY, APPLICATION IN OROGENIC BELTS AND EXAMPLES FROM TOCANTINS AND BORBOREMA PROVINCES, BRAZIL. In regions affected by convergent tectonics, the presence of some allochtonous elements that were accreted to the continental margin is common. If these elements are bounded by important faults or shear zones, they are called terranes. Terranes present variable sizes and may represent allochtonous crustal fragments, with individual evolutive history previous to their accretion to the continental margin. Terranes can be classified as a function of its individual characteristics (stratigraphic, disrupted or metamorphic) and formed by frontal, lateral or oblique accretion. Terrane analysis represents a multidisciplinary technique used in studying orogenic belts that aims the understanding of several processes related to subduction and collisional complexes. Certain patterns recognized in some Brazilian Precambrian orogens allow to interpret their evolution as the result of accretion tectonic events recorded in the Tocantins and Borborema provinces.Key-words: Orogenic belts, Accretion Tectonics, Allochtonous Terranes.
Stakeholder Perceptions of the Need for Research on Elements of Service Dog Partnerships in the Workplace
Authors: Glenn Margaret K. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:To examine the perceived need for research on elements of successful service dog partnerships in the workplace outlined by stakeholders in an exploratory study.Method:A structured mixed methods approach was used to gather ideas from people with service dogs, trainers, vocational rehabilitation counselors, and other health care professionals. Sixty-eight people participated in the process, from brainstorming elements (n= 24), sorting them into clusters (n= 10), rating the items for importance (n= 40), and need for research (n= 34). Among those rating research, most were service dog handlers (55%). Primarily, the group had experience with mobility/stability dogs (45%) or medical alert/response service dogs (35%).Results:Sixty-eight elements were brainstormed and rated according to need for research. The clusters Monitoring and Dog Preparation received the highest mean ratings in response to the question,What is your perception of the relative priority of conducting research on this item?All 68 elements were perceived to be in need of further research.Conclusion:The conclusion was that the elements established in this study should generate scholarly activity in the rehabilitation and disability research and service community with the intent of identifying promising practices related to the use of service dogs in the workplace by people with disabilities.
Queratocono subclínico
Authors: Rojas Yepes Jairo Giovanni 
Published: November 2015

<p>Se documenta el caso clínico de un paciente que asiste a consulta con una prescripción óptica de astigmatismo miópico en ambos ojos. En el examen optométrico no se encuentra variación significativa con la corrección óptica existente. Tres años después presenta agudeza visual disminuida, leve aumento en la curvatura corneal y en el valor dióptrico de la esfera y cilindro de ambos ojos, además de variación del eje en uno de ellos (15 grados). Los hallazgos anteriores justificaron solicitar exámenes complementarios que pudieran explicar las modificaciones presentadas en las condiciones visuales y oculares en el periodo entre los dos controles. La prueba clínica complementaria (Pentacam) permitió determinar la presencia un queratocono subclínico.</p><p> </p>