bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of random forest feature selection for fine‐scale genetic population assignment
Authors: Sylvester Emma V. A. , Bentzen Paul , Bradbury Ian R. , Clément Marie , Pearce Jon , Horne John , Beiko Robert G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenetic population assignment used to inform wildlife management and conservation efforts requires panels of highly informative genetic markers and sensitive assignment tests. We explored the utility of machine‐learning algorithms (random forest, regularized random forest and guided regularized random forest) compared with FST ranking for selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for fine‐scale population assignment. We applied these methods to an unpublished SNP data set for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and a published SNP data set for Alaskan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In each species, we identified the minimum panel size required to obtain a self‐assignment accuracy of at least 90% using each method to create panels of 50–700 markers Panels of SNPs identified using random forest‐based methods performed up to 7.8 and 11.2 percentage points better than FST‐selected panels of similar size for the Atlantic salmon and Chinook salmon data, respectively. Self‐assignment accuracy ≥90% was obtained with panels of 670 and 384 SNPs for each data set, respectively, a level of accuracy never reached for these species using FST‐selected panels. Our results demonstrate a role for machine‐learning approaches in marker selection across large genomic data sets to improve assignment for management and conservation of exploited populations.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeting of the Rosa26 locus produces Cre reporter rat strains for monitoring Cre–loxP‐mediated lineage tracing
Authors: Ma Yuanwu , Yu Lei , Pan Shuo , Gao Shan , Chen Wei , Zhang Xu , Dong Wei , Li Jing , Zhou Rui , Huang Lan , Han Yunlin , Bai Lin , Zhang Li , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: August 2017

The rat is an important laboratory animal for physiological, toxicological and pharmacological studies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 9 (Cas9) is a simple and efficient tool to generate precise genetic modifications in rats, which will promote the accumulation of genetic resources and enable more precise studies of gene function. To monitor Cre–loxP‐mediated excision in vivo, we generated a Cre reporter rat strain (Rosa26‐imCherry) by knockin of a Cre reporter cassette at the Rosa26 locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Rosa26‐imCherry rats exhibited inducible expression of the mCherry cassette (imCherry) using the Cre–loxP system, whereas normal rats exhibited ubiquitous expression of eGFP but not mCherry in the whole body. Injection of adeno‐associated virus serotype 9–Cre into the hippocampus and skeletal muscle resulted in mCherry expression in virus‐infected cells. Cre–loxP‐mediated mCherry expression was then evaluated by crossing Rosa26‐imCherry rats with transgenic rats ubiquitously expressing CAG‐Cre, heart‐specific α‐MHC‐Cre transgenic rats and liver‐specific Alb‐Cre knockin rats. Finally, using the established system the expression pattern of Cre driven by two endogenous gene promoters (Wfs1‐Cre knockin rat, FabP2‐Cre knockin rat) was traced. In summary, we demonstrated excision of the loxP‐flanked allele in Rosa26‐imCherry rats via activation of mCherry expression in the presence of Cre recombinase. This newly established Rosa26‐imCherry rat strain represents a useful tool to facilitate Cre‐expression pattern determination and tracing experiments.
Effect of chloride ions in Tris buffer solution on bioactive glass apatite mineralization
Authors: Kirste Gloria , Brandt‐Slowik Juliane , Bocker Christian , Steinert Michael , Geiss Reinhard , Brauer Delia S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDegradation and apatite precipitation of Bioglass 45S5 were characterized in two different tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer solutions. In the conventional one, pH was adjusted to 7.4 using hydrochloric acid (Tris‐HCl buffer). In the other one, acetic acid was used instead, thereby obtaining a Tris buffer solution, which was virtually free of chloride ions (Tris‐HAc). EDX results showed that chloride ions present in Tris‐HCl buffer solution were incorporated into the apatite formed during immersion experiments, forming a (partially) substituted chlorapatite. No chloride ions were detected in apatite precipitated in Tris‐HAc. Although no significant differences in the rate of apatite formation were observed during the time points studied here (6 hours to 7 days), the presence of chloride ions may affect very early stages of apatite formation. It may therefore be advantageous to use modified Tris buffer solutions, which do not contain high concentrations of ions involved in apatite formation, when studying early time point release kinetics or apatite precipitation of bioactive glasses.
Somatization disorder and stress in teachers: a comprehensive occupational health evaluation
Authors: Howard Krista , Haskard‐Zolnierek Kelly , Johnson Angela , Roming Sinjin , Price Rachel , Cobos Briana 
Published: August 2017

Somatization disorder is a biopsychosocial‐based, stress‐induced disorder involving multiple physical ailments with no medical explanation. The teaching profession is characterized as very stressful, making teachers at risk of developing somatization disorder. This study examined somatization disorder in a K‐12 teacher population. A total of 2,988 teachers from 46 Texas districts responded to a comprehensive online occupational health survey. Somatization disorder was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Univariate analyses were conducted between teachers with and without somatization disorder to identify specific relationships with demographic variables, occupational variables, perceived stress, Axis I psychopathology, and physical health. A logistic regression was developed to identify the variables most strongly associated with the presence of somatization disorder in a teacher population. Analyses showed that female teachers are 3.3 times more likely to develop somatization disorder. Compared to Caucasians, African American teachers are 3.9 times and Hispanic teachers are 2.0 times more likely to develop somatization disorder. Moreover, higher levels of stress, poorer physical quality of life, major depression, panic and anxiety disorder were significantly related with somatization disorder (p < .05). Higher levels of stress and poorer physical and mental health are among the psychosocial and demographic factors associated with somatization disorder in public school teachers.
To trust or not to trust: How self‐construal affects consumer responses to interpersonal influence
Authors: Guo Wenxia , Main Kelley 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough people generally prefer persuasive messages that align with their self‐construal, the present research explores a seemingly paradoxical situation wherein mismatched message that does not align with people's self‐construal is positively received. Given sufficient cognitive capacity to trigger persuasion knowledge—the knowledge of persuasion tactics that are encountered in the marketplace, the use of an individually focused persuasion attempt on consumers with an interdependent self‐construal results in greater levels of trust in the sales agent. In contrast, consumers with an independent self‐construal respond similarly to different types of persuasion attempts. Persuasion knowledge is a mechanism for variations in trust. The findings replicate those of prior work, and the robustness of the effects is confirmed via small‐scale meta‐analysis.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Yang Hung‐Chih , Hong Chun‐Ming , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe real‐world effectiveness and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir (PrOD) remain limited for East Asian hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (HCV‐1b) patients. The study aimed to evaluate the antiviral responses of PrOD‐based regimens for HCV‐1b patients in Taiwan.MethodsThe study performed a retrospective analysis of 103 HCV‐1b patients receiving PrOD with or without ribavirin (RBV) for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed to assess the on‐treatment and off‐therapy HCV viral load and on‐treatment adverse events. The pre‐specified characteristics related to sustained virologic response 12 weeks off therapy (SVR12) were compared.ResultsAt treatment week 4, 100 of 102 patients (98.0%) had serum HCV RNA level < 25 IU/mL. The SVR12 was achieved in 101 of 103 patients (98.1%, [95% confidence interval: 93.2–99.5%]). All except one (99.0%) patients tolerated treatment well without treatment interruption. One cirrhotic patient discontinued treatment at week 1 due to hepatic decompensation. Twenty‐four patients (23.3%) had ≥ grade 2 elevation in total bilirubin levels, and 21 of them (87.5%) had indirect type hyperbilirubinemia. The stratified SVR12 rates were comparable in terms of sex, age, body mass index, prior treatment experience, hepatitis B virus surface antigen status, RBV usage, baseline and week 2 viral load, renal function, and hepatic fibrosis stage.ConclusionsParitaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without RBV are efficacious and generally well tolerated for treatment of HCV‐1b patients in Taiwan.
Why Does Return Predictability Concentrate in Bad Times?
Authors: CUJEAN JULIEN , HASLER MICHAEL 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe build an equilibrium model to explain why stock return predictability concentrates in bad times. The key feature is that investors use different forecasting models, and hence assess uncertainty differently. As economic conditions deteriorate, uncertainty rises and investors' opinions polarize. Disagreement thus spikes in bad times, causing returns to react to past news. This phenomenon creates a positive relation between disagreement and future returns. It also generates time‐series momentum, which strengthens in bad times, increases with disagreement, and crashes after sharp market rebounds. We provide empirical support for these new predictions.
Nonfundamental Speculation Revisited
Authors: YANG LIYAN , ZHU HAOXIANG 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe show that a linear pure strategy equilibrium may not exist in the model of Madrigal (1996), contrary to the claim of the original paper. This is because Madrigal's characterization of a pure strategy equilibrium omits a second‐order condition. If the nonfundamental speculator's information about noise trading is sufficiently precise, a linear pure strategy equilibrium fails to exist. In parameter regions where a pure strategy equilibrium does exist, we identify a few calculation errors in Madrigal (1996) that result in misleading implications.
Muscle–bone interactions: movement in the field of mechano–humoral coupling of muscle and bone
Authors: Cardozo Christopher P. , Graham Zachary A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCyclical, mechanical loading of bone by skeletal muscle is widely recognized as a critical determinant of bone structure and mass. A growing body of evidence indicates that substances released from skeletal muscle into the bloodstream also regulate bone mass and metabolism. In this commentary, we discuss the status of research in the area of humoral regulation of bone mass by the skeletal muscle secretome, with an emphasis on the roles of myostatin, irisin, interleukin‐6, and exosomes. The interplay between muscle, bone, and other modulators of bone mass, including circadian rhythm and sympathetic tone, is also discussed.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CO2+-DOPED ZNS NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING REVERSE MICELLE METHOD
Authors: Mohd Ibrahim Rahizana , Markom Masturah , Abd Razak Kamal Firdausi 
Published: August 2017

Zinc sulfide is a luminescence materials with important application that exist either as a bulk material or in the form of nano crystal. Doped ZnS nanoparticles form a new class of luminescence materials and provide a new physics to control the particles size. This paper concerns detailed structural, spectroscopic and crystal field studies of ZnS nanoparticles, both pure and doped with CO2+ ions that successfully synthesized at room temperature. Zn1-xCoxS (x =0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08 and 0.10) was prepared by reverse micelle method using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as surfactant. The effect of ion doping on the optical characterization, structure and morphology of ZnS:Co2+ were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, photoluminesence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EDAX spectra confirmed the incorporation of ion dopants into ZnS crystal structure, and XRD results showed that ZnS:Co2+ nanoparticles crystallized in a zinc blende structure. The particle size of all of samples ranged from 2 nm to 3 nm. In the PL emision, two peaks were observed at 460 and 608nm that a new peak for Co2+ doped ZnS ever reported. The Co2+ doped ZnS nanoparticles using reverse micelle method showed that there is considerable change in the photoluminescence spectra of the ZnS nanoparticle doped Co2+.
Evaluation of Posaconazole Serum Concentrations from Delayed-Release Tablets in Patients at High Risk for Fungal Infections
Authors: Chin Alan , Pergam Steven A. , Fredricks David N. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Baker Kelsey K. , Jain Rupali 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of patients who achieved a therapeutic drug level after receiving posaconazole (PCZ) delayed-release tablets (DRT) for prophylaxis or treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and to examine the effect of demographic traits and treatment characteristics on PCZ serum levels. A retrospective single-center study was conducted on high-risk inpatients at the University of Washington Medical Center (UWMC) that had received PCZ and obtained PCZ serum levels for either treatment or prophylaxis between 1 August 2014 and 31 August 2015. High-risk patients were defined as those undergoing chemotherapy for a primary hematologic malignancy and those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or solid organ transplantation. Serum trough concentrations of ≥700 μg/liter and ≥1,000 μg/liter were considered appropriate for prophylaxis and treatment, respectively. The most frequent underlying medical condition was a hematological malignancy (43/53, 81%). Twenty-six of 53 patients (49%) received PCZ for prophylaxis; the rest received PCZ for treatment. A total of 37/53 (70%) patients had PCZ serum levels of ≥700 μg/liter regardless of indication, including 22/26 (85%) that received PCZ for prophylaxis. Of the patients that received PCZ for treatment, only 12/27 (44%) had PCZ serum levels of ≥1,000 μg/liter. The odds of having therapeutic PCZ serum levels were not statistically different in patients with a weight of ≥90 kg, a diarrhea grade of ≥2, a mucositis grade of ≥2, or poor dietary intake. However, the odds of having therapeutic PCZ serum levels was 5.85 times higher in patients without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) treatment than in those with GVHD treatment. Four patients on prophylaxis (15%) developed breakthrough IFIs, one of which had a subtherapeutic level. We concluded that the use of PCZ DRT provided adequate concentrations in only 70% of our patients and that recommended dosing may lead to insufficient levels in patients treated for IFIs. Lower concentrations noted among high-risk patients with GVHD suggest a need for prospective studies evaluating therapeutic drug monitoring and/or dose adjustments among these patients.
First Detailed Genetic Characterization of the Structural Organization of Type III Arginine Catabolic Mobile Elements Harbored by Staphylococcus epidermidis by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: McManus Brenda A. , O'Connor Aoife M. , Kinnevey Peter M. , O'Sullivan Michael , Polyzois Ioannis , Coleman David C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The type III arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) was detected in three
Staphylococcus epidermidis
oral isolates recovered from separate patients (one healthy, one healthy with dental implants, and one with periodontal disease) based on ACME-
arc
-operon- and ACME-
opp3
-operon-directed PCR. These isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to characterize the precise structural organization of ACME III for the first time, which also revealed that all three isolates were the same sequence type, ST329.
A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia associated with SAPHO (synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis) syndrome
Authors: Hameed Fawad , Steer Henry 
Published: August 2017

A 57-year-old woman with SAPHO (synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis) syndrome presented with recurrent episodes of pneumonia. She was treated with multiple courses of antibiotics with no success. The transbronchial biopsy undertaken via bronchoscopy revealed organising pneumonia (OP). She was treated with steroids and responded well with full clinical recovery and normalisation of her chest X-ray.To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of OP in association with SAPHO syndrome. This case report highlights the importance of considering OP in patients with SAPHO syndrome who present with chest infection.
How are age-related differences in sleep quality associated with health outcomes? An epidemiological investigation in a UK cohort of 2406 adults
Authors: Gadie Andrew , Shafto Meredith , Leng Yue , Kievit Rogier A 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo examine age-related differences in self-reported sleep quality and their associations with health outcomes across four domains: physical health, cognitive health, mental health and neural health.SettingCambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) is a cohort study in East Anglia/England, which collected self-reported health and lifestyle questions as well as a range of objective measures from healthy adults.Participants2406 healthy adults (age 18–98) answered questions about their sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) and measures of physical, cognitive, mental and neural health. A subset of 641 individuals provided measures of brain structure.Main outcome measuresPSQI scores of sleep and scores across tests within the four domains of health. Latent class analysis (LCA) is used to identify sleep types across the lifespan. Bayesian regressions quantify the presence, and absence, of relationships between sleep quality and health measures.ResultsBetter self-reported sleep is generally associated with better health outcomes, strongly so for mental health, moderately for cognitive and physical health, but not for sleep quality and neural health. LCA identified four sleep types: ‘good sleepers’ (68.1%, most frequent in middle age), ‘inefficient sleepers’ (14.01%, most frequent in old age), ‘delayed sleepers’ (9.28%, most frequent in young adults) and ‘poor sleepers’ (8.5%, most frequent in old age). There is little evidence for interactions between sleep quality and age on health outcomes. Finally, we observe U-shaped associations between sleep duration and mental health (depression and anxiety) as well as self-reported general health, such that both short and long sleep were associated with poorer outcomes.ConclusionsLifespan changes in sleep quality are multifaceted and not captured well by summary measures, but instead should be viewed as as partially independent symptoms that vary in prevalence across the lifespan. Better self-reported sleep is associated with better health outcomes, and the strength of these associations differs across health domains. Notably, we do not observe associations between self-reported sleep quality and white matter.
Impact of health insurance coverage forHelicobacter pylorigastritis on the trends in eradication therapy in Japan: retrospective observational study and simulation study based on real-world data
Authors: Hiroi Shinzo , Sugano Kentaro , Tanaka Shiro , Kawakami Koji 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in Japan and the trends of its eradication therapy before and after the changes of the insurance coverage policy, first started in 2000, and expanded to coverH. pylori-positive gastritis in 2013. The impacts that the changes brought were estimated.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study and simulation study based on health insurance claims data, product sales data and relevant studies, individuals who received triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, proton-pump inhibitors or potassium-competitive acid blockers) were defined as the first-time patients forH. pylorieradication in two Japanese health insurance claims databases (from approximately 1.6 million and 10.5 million individuals). Each sales data of eradication packages and examination kits were used to estimate the number ofH. pylori-eradicated individuals nationwide. The prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection, including the future rate, was predicted using previous studies and the estimated population trend by a national institute. Cases completed prior to the policy change on insurance coverage were simulated to estimate what would have happened had there been no change in the policy.ResultsThe numbers of patients first received eradication therapy were 81 119 and 170 993 from two databases. The nationwide estimated number of patients successfully eradicated was approximately 650 000 per year between 2001 and 2012, whereas it rapidly rose to 1 380-000 per year in 2013. The estimated prevalence of infection in 2050 is 5%, this rate was estimated to be 28% and 22% if the policy changes had not occurred in 2000 and 2013, respectively.ConclusionsThe impact of policy changes forH. pylorieradication therapy on the prevalence of infection was shown. The results suggest that insurance coverage expansion may also reduce the prevalence in other countries with a high prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection if the reinfection is low.