bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic population structure of black‐browed and Campbell albatrosses, and implications for assigning provenance of birds killed in fisheries
Authors: Burg Theresa M. , Catry Paulo , Ryan Peter G. , Phillips Richard A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Previous genetic studies found evidence of at least three distinct groups of black‐browed Thalassarche melanophris and Campbell Thalassarche impavida albatrosses in the Southern Ocean. Almost 350 individuals including samples from additional breeding sites on the Falkland Islands and South Georgia Island were screened using mitochondrial DNA.
The new sequence data using lineage specific PCR primers provided further support for the taxonomic split of T. melanophris and T. impavida and separate management of the two distinct T. melanophris groups.
In total, 207 black‐browed albatrosses killed in longline fisheries were screened. Approximately 93% of the bycaught birds from the Falkland Islands belonged to the Falkland mtDNA group and the remaining birds had mtDNA from the Widespread T. melanophris group; these proportions were similar to those in the local Falklands breeding population. The South African and South Georgia bycatch samples predominantly comprised the Widespread T. melanophris group, with only one bird from each area containing Falkland mtDNA. Lastly, 81% of the albatrosses bycaught off New Zealand had T. impavida mtDNA and the remaining four birds were Widespread T. melanophris. These differences in bycatch composition matched what is known from tracking and banding data about the at‐sea distribution of black‐browed albatrosses.
Based on the mtDNA results and current population trends, consideration should be given to assigning regional IUCN status for the different breeding populations.
The effect of tripterygium glucoside tablet on pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats
Authors: Hu Yongsheng , Zhou Xuexue , Shi Hui , Shi Wenyu , Ye Shengjie , Zhang Hai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLosartan and tripterygium glucoside tablet (TGT) are often simultaneously used for reducing urine protein excretion in clinic. However, it is unknown whether there is potential herb–drug interaction between losartan and TGT. The aim of this study was to investigate their potential herb–drug interaction, and clarify the mechanism of the effect of TGT on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats. The plasma concentrations of losartan and EXP3174 were determined by LC–MS, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The Cmax, t1/2 and AUC(0–t) of losartan became larger after co‐administration, while the Cmax and AUC(0–t) of EXP3174 became smaller, suggesting that TGT could influence the pharmacokinetics of losartan and EXP3174. The effects of TGT and its main components on the metabolic rate of losartan were further investigated in rat liver microsomes. Results indicated that TGT and its two main ingredients could decrease the metabolic rate of losartan. Therefore, it was speculated that TGT might increase the plasma concentration of losartan and decrease the concentration of EXP3174 by inhibiting the metabolism of losartan. The results could provide references for clinical medication guidance of losartan and TGT to avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Acute stroke alert activation, emergency service use, and reperfusion therapy in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Marie , Glader Eva‐Lotta , Norrving Bo , Stegmayr Birgitta , Asplund Kjell 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesAmbulance services and stroke alerts reduce the time from stroke onset to acute stroke diagnosis. We describe the use of stroke alerts and ambulance services in different hospitals and patient groups and their relationship with reperfusion therapy.MethodsThis nationwide study included 49,907 patients admitted with acute stroke who were registered in The Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke) in 2011–2012.ResultsThe proportions of patients admitted as stroke alerts out of all acute stroke admissions varied from 12.2% to 45.7% in university hospitals (n = 9), 0.5% to 38.7% in specialized nonuniversity hospitals (n = 22), and 4.2% to 40.3% in community hospitals (n = 41). Younger age, atrial fibrillation (AF), living in an institution, reduced consciousness upon admission, and hemorrhagic stroke were factors associated with a higher probability of stroke alerts. Living alone, primary school education, non‐European origin, previous stroke, diabetes, smoking, and dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) were associated with a lower probability of stroke alert. The proportion of patients arriving at the hospital by ambulance varied from 60.3% to 94.5%. Older age, living alone, primary school education, being born in a European country, previous stroke, AF, dependency in ADL, living in an institution, reduced consciousness upon admission, and hemorrhagic stroke were associated with ambulance services. Hospital stroke alert frequencies correlated strongly with reperfusion rates (r = .75).ConclusionAcute stroke alerts have a significant potential to improve stroke reperfusion rates. Prehospital stroke management varies conspicuously between hospitals and patient groups, and the elderly and patients living alone have a markedly reduced likelihood of stroke alerts.
The regulation of tumor‐suppressive microRNA, miR‐126, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Guinn Daphne , Lehman Amy , Fabian Catherine , Yu Lianbo , Maddocks Kami , Andritsos Leslie A. , Jones Jeffrey A. , Flynn Joseph M. , Jaglowski Samantha M. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Byrd John C. , Johnson Amy J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe introduction of miR profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with different cytogenetic profiles and responses to therapy has allowed incorporation of important miR‐mRNA interactions into the understanding of disease biology. In this study, we performed miR expression analysis using NanoString nCounter to discover differentially regulated miRs after therapy with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Of the differentially regulated miRs in the discovery set, miR‐29c and miR‐126 were confirmed using real‐time PCR to be upregulated in CLL patient cells with ibrutinib therapy. In the validation set, an inverse correlation was observed between miR‐126 levels and expression of its putative target p85β, an isoform of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase p85 regulatory subunit. We found that mRNA for the host gene EGFL7, primary unprocessed miR‐126, and mature miR‐126 are all downregulated in CLL cells compared to normal B cells. Patients in later stages of disease have a greater decrease in miR‐126 expression compared to treatment‐naive patients, indicating that lower miR‐126 levels may associate with disease progression. Overexpression of miR‐126 in leukemia cell lines significantly downregulates p85β expression and decreases activation of prosurvival mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. These results implicate miR‐126 in the pathology of CLL.
Conjugation of a Dipicolyl Chelate to Polypeptide Conjugates Increases Binding Affinities for Human Serum Albumin and Survival Times in Human Serum
Authors: Balliu Aleksandra , Baltzer Lars 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe affinity for human serum albumin (HSA) of a series of 2–5 kDa peptides covalently linked to 3,5‐bis[[bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzoic acid, a dipicolyl chelator with micromolar affinity for Zn2+, was found by surface plasmon resonance to increase in the presence of 1 μm ZnCl2 at physiological pH. The dependence on polypeptide hydrophobicity was found to be minor, thus suggesting that the conjugates bound to the metal‐binding site and not to the fatty‐acid‐binding site. The affinity of the conjugates increased strongly with the positive charge of the polypeptides, thus implicating the negatively charged protein surface surrounding the metal‐binding site. The survival times of the peptides in human serum were extended as a consequence of stronger binding to HSA, thus suggesting that Zn2+‐chelating agents might provide a general route to increased survival time of peptides in serum in therapeutic and diagnostic applications without significantly increasing their molecular weights.
Acute suppurative thyroiditis in infected thyroid cyst in an adult patient under hemodialysis
Authors: Igarashi Hiroyuki , Yoshino Hiroshi , Hijikata Mai , Kumashiro Naoki , Ando Yasuyo , Uchino Hiroshi , Tsuboi Kumiko , Hirose Takahisa 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageAcute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) accompanied by an abscess is a rare clinical case. Hemodialysis patients are at risk for infections. Sepsis mortality was from 100 to 300 times higher for chronic dialysis patients than that for the general public. Thus, special care should be taken against infection in patients under hemodialysis.
Ibrutinib‐induced severe liver injury
Authors: Nandikolla Amara G. , Derman Olga , Nautsch Deborah , Liu Qiang , Massoumi Hatef , Venugopal Sangeetha , Braunschweig Ira , Janakiram Murali 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageIbrutinib, an inhibitor of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase of the B‐cell receptor pathway, is an effective therapeutic agent for B‐cell lymphomas. As these drugs are novel, long‐term or rare adverse events are not yet known. We report the first case of ibrutinib‐induced severe liver injury in a patient with relapsed/refractory CLL.
Effects of Tenapanor on Cytochrome P450‐Mediated Drug‐Drug Interactions
Authors: Johansson Susanne , Rosenbaum David P. , Ahlqvist Marie , Rollison Helen , Knutsson Mikael , Stefansson Bergur , Elebring Marie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTenapanor (RDX5791, AZD1722) is an inhibitor of sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 in development for the treatment of constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome and the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. We aimed to investigate whether tenapanor inhibits or induces cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In vitro experiments assessing the potential of tenapanor to affect various CYPs indicated that it could inhibit CYP3A4/5 (IC50 0.4‐0.7 μM). An open‐label, phase 1 clinical study (NCT02140268) evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam when administered with and without tenapanor. Healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of midazolam 7.5 mg on day 1 followed by tenapanor 15 mg twice daily on days 2 to 15, with an additional single 7.5‐mg midazolam dose coadministered on day 15. Midazolam exposure was similar whether it was administered alone or with tenapanor (geometric least‐squares mean ratio [90%CI] for [midazolam + tenapanor]/midazolam: area under the concentration‐time curve, 107% [101% to 113%]; Cmax 104% [89.6% to 122%]). Findings were similar for metabolites of midazolam. These results indicate that tenapanor 15 mg twice daily does not have a clinically relevant impact on CYP3A4 in humans and suggest that tenapanor can be coadministered with CYP3A4‐metabolized drugs without affecting their exposure.
Astroglia as a cellular target for neuroprotection and treatment of neuro‐psychiatric disorders
Authors: Liu Beihui , Teschemacher Anja G. , Kasparov Sergey 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAstrocytes are key homeostatic cells of the central nervous system. They cooperate with neurons at several levels, including ion and water homeostasis, chemical signal transmission, blood flow regulation, immune and oxidative stress defense, supply of metabolites and neurogenesis. Astroglia is also important for viability and maturation of stem‐cell derived neurons. Neurons critically depend on intrinsic protective and supportive properties of astrocytes. Conversely, all forms of pathogenic stimuli which disturb astrocytic functions compromise neuronal functionality and viability. Support of neuroprotective functions of astrocytes is thus an important strategy for enhancing neuronal survival and improving outcomes in disease states. In this review, we first briefly examine how astrocytic dysfunction contributes to major neurological disorders, which are traditionally associated with malfunctioning of processes residing in neurons. Possible molecular entities within astrocytes that could underpin the cause, initiation and/or progression of various disorders are outlined. In the second section, we explore opportunities enhancing neuroprotective function of astroglia. We consider targeting astrocyte‐specific molecular pathways which are involved in neuroprotection or could be expected to have a therapeutic value. Examples of those are oxidative stress defense mechanisms, glutamate uptake, purinergic signaling, water and ion homeostasis, connexin gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and the Nrf2‐ARE pathway. We propose that enhancing the neuroprotective capacity of astrocytes is a viable strategy for improving brain resilience and developing new therapeutic approaches.
Implementing California's Law on Assisted Dying
Authors: Mishra Ruchika 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOn October 5, 2015, Governor Jerry Brown approved bill ABX2 15, the End of Life Option Act, making California the fifth state in the country to allow physician‐assisted dying. The law was modeled after Oregon's 1997 Death with Dignity Act. When the legislative special session ended on March 10, 2016, California health care providers had only ninety days to respond to the state mandate before the law would take effect, on June 9, 2016. Experience with the law so far suggests several challenges with implementation.
Reprioritizing Research Activity for the Post‐Antibiotic Era:Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations
Authors: Hey Spencer Phillips , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany hold that the so‐called golden era of antibiotic discovery has passed, leaving only a limited clinical pipeline for new antibiotics. A logical conclusion of such arguments is that we need to reform the current system of antibiotic drug research—including clinical trials and regulatory requirements—to spur activity in discovery and development. The United States Congress in the past few years has debated a number of bills to address this crisis, including the 2012 Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now Act and the 2016 21st Century Cures Act. Experts have also sought to advance antibiotic development by encouraging greater use of trials with noninferiority hypotheses, which are thought to be easier to conduct. The goal underlying these proposals is to stave off the post‐antibiotic era by expanding the pharmaceutical armamentarium as quickly as possible. But although new antibiotic agents are necessary to combat the long‐term threat of drug‐resistant disease, we argue that these research policies, which effectively lower the bar for antibiotic approval, are ethically problematic. Rather, given broader public health considerations related to the full lifecycle of antibiotic use—including development of resistance—we should reject an overly permissive approach to new antibiotic approval and instead set the bar for regulatory approval at a point that will naturally direct research resources toward the most transformative chemical or social interventions.
Mother and child narrative elaborations during booksharing in low‐income Mexican‐American dyads
Authors: Escobar Kelly , Melzi Gigliana , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCaregivers' narrative elaborations have been consistently shown to relate to language, literacy, and cognitive skills in children. However, research with Latinos yields mixed findings in terms of how much caregivers elaborate and the benefits of elaborations for Latino children's development, especially within booksharing contexts. Moreover, little research has investigated whether and how children elaborate, and whether individual differences among children's narrative elaborations are related to changes in maternal elaborations over time. The current longitudinal study describes specific types of elaborations used by children and mothers and examines reciprocal relations between children's and mothers' elaborations over 1 year (at child age 3 and child age 4), in a sample of 45 Mexican immigrant mothers and their preschool‐aged children. Maternal elaborations positively related to children's narrative development only when subtypes of elaborations were considered, but not when considering the frequency of elaborations more broadly. Moreover, children's elaborations at age 3 were differentially associated with specific maternal elaborations a year later. Findings underscore the need to examine narrative elaborations at a nuanced level in Latino populations.Highlights

This paper examines the specific ways in which Latino dyads elaborate during booksharing interactions
Dyads were video recorded sharing a wordless picture book at two time points over 1 year. Findings suggest that specific elaboration types, namely, dyadic forms of responses and requests, are most important for the development of concurrent narrative skills, even though they are the least frequently used in this context
We conclude that the investigation of narrative elaborations needs to be approached at a more nuanced level when studying Latino populations, as there are various roles taken and behaviors expected when changing the narrative context. These findings have implications for the development of culturally appropriate interventions targeted at enhancing booksharing practices with Latino groups
Analysis of Stroma Labeling During Multiple Passage of a Sarcoma Imageable Patient‐Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (iPDOX) in Red Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Nude Mice
Authors: Kiyuna Tasuku , Murakami Takashi , Tome Yasunori , Kawaguchi Kei , Igarashi Kentaro , Miyake Kentaro , Kanaya Fuminori , Singh Arun , Eilber Fritz C. , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) was previously established that acquired red fluorescent protein (RFP)‐expressing stroma by growth in an RFP transgenic nude mouse. In the present study, an imageable PDOX model (iPDOX) of UPS was established by orthotopic implantation in the biceps femoris of transgenic RFP nude mice. After the tumors grew to a diameter of 10 mm, they were harvested and the brightest portion of the tumors were subsequently orthotopically transplanted to both RFP and non‐colored nude mice. The UPS PDOX tumor was again transplanted to RFP transgenic and non‐colored nude mice, and finally a 3rd passage was made in the same manner. Five UPS tumors from each passage in both RFP and non‐colored mouse models were harvested. The FV1,000 confocal microscope was used to visualize and quantitate the RFP area of the resected tumors. The average percent fluorescent area in the first passage of RFP mice was 34 ± 22%; in the second passage, 34 ± 20%; and 36 ± 11% in the third passage of RFP transgenic nude mice. The average tumor RFP area in the first passage from RFP mice to non‐colored mice was 20 ± 7%; in the second passage, 28 ± 11%; in the third passage was 27 ± 13%. The present results demonstrate the extensive and stable acquisition of stroma by the UPS‐tumor growing orthotopically in transgenic RFP nude mice (iPDOX). This model can be used for screening for effective drugs for individual patients and drug discovery. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3367–3371, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Significance and Prognosis Value of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Hasanzadeh Malihe , ShahidSales Soodabeh , Yousefi Zohre , Kadkhodayan Sima , Farazestanian Marjaneh , Joudi Mashhad Mona , Gharib Masoumeh , Mahdi Hassanian Seyed , Avan Amir 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCervical cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, supporting the need for identification of novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers to predict the risk of developing of this malignancy or predict the prognosis of patients. Against this background, the activation of the Wingless‐type (Wnt)/β‐catenin pathway has been suggested as the main dysregulated pathways, which is involved in the multistep process of cervical carcinogenesis, suggesting its value as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. The aim of current review is to give an overview about the potential application of WNT pathway and its value which is differentially expressed in cervical cancer versus non‐tumorigenic tissue as biomarker for risk stratification and predict the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3028–3033, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of intra‐seasonal oscillation simulations in IPCC AR5 coupled GCMs associated with the Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Hu Wenting , Duan Anmin , He Bian 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we systematically evaluate the intra‐seasonal oscillation (ISO) associated with the Asian summer monsoon region in coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Results show that most of the models simulate reasonable climatological circulation patterns in boreal summer, but insufficient precipitation over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and western North Pacific summer monsoon region. Most models underestimate the variance of 12–90‐day ISO mode but overestimate the percent variance of 12–90‐day ISO accounting for raw precipitation anomalies. There remains a wide gap between model simulations and observations in the simulations of eastward‐propagating ISO (30–80‐day), while the models perform better in the northward propagation of the 30–80‐day mode and the westward propagation of the 12–24‐day mode.In addition, mean state circulation, atmospheric internal dynamic process, air–sea interactions and model resolution have varying degrees of impacts on the ISO simulation. The local Hadley and Walker cell biases are investigated in this study, which might relate well with the precipitation bias in models. Within the similar background of vertical easterly shear, few models have the capacity to simulate the equivalent barotropic vorticity to the north of the convection centre. Furthermore, many models have difficulty in reproducing the strong air–sea interactions over the Indian Ocean and the BOB. Our results indicate that simply improving model resolution is not an effective method to obtain more reasonable propagation characteristics of the ISO, especially for eastward propagation. Therefore, further improving the capacity of the ISO simulation remains a great challenge for future development of climate system models.
Extracellular carbonic anhydrase: Method development and its application to natural seawater
Authors: Mustaffa Nur Ili Hamizah , Striebel Maren , Wurl Oliver 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe developed an effective fluorometric technique to quantify extracellular carbonic anhydrase (eCA) present in natural seawater samples. The technique includes the separation of eCA from cells to achieve low detection limits through high signal : noise ratios. eCA was efficiently extracted from cell membranes by treatment with 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 2.5 M NaCl. The free eCA specifically forms a fluorescent complex with dansylamide, and the detection limit of the complex is below 0.1 nM. We applied the technique to samples from different culture solutions and natural seawater collected from the Baltic Sea. We observed eCA concentrations to be in the range of 0.10–0.67 nM in natural seawater. The data indicated that this technique is very sensitive, accurate, and feasible for routine and shipboard measurement of eCA from natural seawater. It is therefore an effective and rapid tool to investigate the carbon acquisition of phytoplankton both in mono culture as well natural communities.