bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Augmentation of Complex Networks
Authors: Wang Jinjian , Yu Xinghuo , Stone Lewi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNetworks science plays an enormous role in many aspects of modern society from distributing electrical power across nations to spreading information and social networking amongst global populations. While modern networks constantly change in size, few studies have sought methods for the difficult task of optimising this growth. Here we study theoretical requirements for augmenting networks by adding source or sink nodes, without requiring additional driver-nodes to accommodate the change i.e., conserving structural controllability. Our “effective augmentation” algorithm takes advantage of clusters intrinsic to the network topology, and permits rapidly and efficient augmentation of a large number of nodes in one time-step. “Effective augmentation” is shown to work successfully on a wide range of model and real networks. The method has numerous applications (e.g. study of biological, social, power and technological networks) and potentially of significant practical and economic value.
Origin of the Shape of Current-Voltage Curve through Nanopores: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Sumikama Takashi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIon transports through ion channels, biological nanopores, are essential for life: Living cells generate electrical signals by utilizing ion permeation through channels. The measured current-voltage (i-V) relations through most ion channels are sublinear, however, its physical meaning is still elusive. Here we calculated the i-V curves through anion-doped carbon nanotubes, a model of an ion channel, using molecular dynamics simulation. It was found the i-V curve reflects the physical origin of the rate-determining step: the i-V curve is sublinear when the permeation is entropy bottlenecked, while it is superlinear in the case of the energy bottlenecked permeation. Based on this finding, we discuss the relation between the molecular mechanism of ion permeation through the biological K+ channels and the shape of the i-V curves through them. This work also provides a clue for a novel design of nanopores that show current rectification.
Gut microbiota composition and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized elderly individuals: a metagenomic study
Authors: Milani Christian , Ticinesi Andrea , Gerritsen Jacoline , Nouvenne Antonio , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Mancabelli Leonardo , Turroni Francesca , Duranti Sabrina , Mangifesta Marta , Viappiani Alice , Ferrario Chiara , Maggio Marcello , Lauretani Fulvio , De Vos Willem , van Sinderen Douwe , Meschi Tiziana , Ventura Marco 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe gut microbiota composition of elderly hospitalized patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) exposed to previous antibiotic treatment is still poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the microbiota composition by means of 16S rRNA microbial profiling among three groups of hospitalized elderly patients (age ≥ 65) under standard diet including 25 CDI-positive (CDI group), 29 CDI-negative exposed to antibiotic treatment (AB+ group) and 30 CDI-negative subjects not on antibiotic treatment (AB− group). The functional properties of the gut microbiomes of CDI-positive vs CDI-negative subjects were also assessed by shotgun metagenomics. A significantly lower microbial diversity was detected in CDI samples, whose microbiomes clustered separately from CDI-negative specimens. CDI was associated with a significant under-representation of gut commensals with putative protective functionalities, including Bacteroides, Alistipes, Lachnospira and Barnesiella, and over-representation of opportunistic pathogens. These findings were confirmed by functional shotgun metagenomics analyses, including an in-depth profiling of the Peptostreptococcaceae family. In CDI-negative patients, antibiotic treatment was associated with significant depletion of few commensals like Alistipes, but not with a reduction in species richness. A better understanding of the correlations between CDI and the microbiota in high-risk elderly subjects may contribute to identify therapeutic targets for CDI.
Effect of population structure and migration when investigating genetic continuity using ancient DNA
Authors: Silva NM , Kreutzer S , Papageorgopoulou C , Currat M 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent advances in sequencing techniques provide means to access direct genetic snapshots from the past with ancient DNA data (aDNA) from diverse periods of human prehistory. Comparing samples taken in the same region but at different time periods may indicate if there is continuity in the peopling history of that area or if a large genetic input, such as an immigration wave, has occurred. Here we propose a new modeling approach for investigating population continuity using aDNA, including two fundamental elements in human evolution that were absent from previous methods: population structure and migration. The method also considers the extensive temporal and geographic heterogeneity commonly found in aDNA datasets. We compare our spatially-explicit approach to the previous non-spatial method and show that it is more conservative and thus suitable for testing population continuity, especially when small, isolated populations, such as prehistoric ones, are considered. Moreover, our approach also allows investigating partial population continuity and we apply it to a real dataset of ancient mitochondrial DNA. We estimate that 91% of the current genetic pool in central Europe entered the area with immigrant Neolithic farmers, but a genetic contribution of local hunter-gatherers as large as 83% cannot be entirely ruled out.
Death Due to an Unusual Angio‐Seal‐Related Complication: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: D'Ovidio Cristian , Sablone Sara , Carnevale Aldo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAngio‐SealTM is a vascular closure device (VCD) that can be applied to the femoral artery following cardiac catheterization to achieve hemostasis. Although it has been demonstrated to be superior to conventional manual pressure and to reduce time to hemostasis and patient ambulation, the use of this VCD is not without its complications. In this report, we describe the case of a 55‐year‐old man who died due to an extremely rare event that occurred several hours after the deployment of an Angio‐SealTM VCD: acute complete transverse laceration of the femoral artery that occurred because of the particular fragility of the vessel due to an unrecognized and asymptomatic arteriosclerotic disease. Few data are available in the literature about the incidence of such events, and much more remains to be done to determine how to prevent and manage its occurrence.
Lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of the novel chiral neonicotinoid pesticide cycloxaprid on demographic and behavioral traits of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Yuan Hai‐Bin , Li Jin‐Hua , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Cui Li , Lu Yan‐Hui , Xu Xiao‐Yong , Li Zhong , Wu Kong‐Ming , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a key pest in cotton crops, notably owing to its increasing resistance to commonly used pesticides. Such resistance prompts for the development of integrated pest management (IPM) programs that include novel pesticides being effective against the aphid. In the present study, we assessed lethal and sublethal effects of cycloxaprid, a novel chiral neonicotinoid pesticide developed in China, on A. gossypii. The lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) value of cycloxaprid on A. gossypii was estimated, using the dipping method, at 7.73 mg/L. The impact of a sublethal concentration (LC10) and a lethal concentration (LC40) of cycloxaprid on A. gossypii population growth and feeding behavior (using electrical penetration graph technique [EPG]), and its transgenerational effect were further assessed. Adult longevity and fecundity significantly decreased after exposure to LC40 or LC10 of cycloxaprid. Cycloxaprid with sublethal concentrations (especially LC40) had negative effects on phloem ingestion by A. gossypii. Additionally, the offspring of the adults exposed to LC40 of cycloxaprid had shorter nymphal development duration and adult longevity than the control, and those from LC10 and LC40 treatments had lower adult fecundity and net productive rate. We demonstrated that cycloxaprid is a pesticide showing both lethal and sublethal activities, and transgenerational effects on A. gossypii; it may be useful for implementation in IPM programs against this aphid pest.
Prospective study of the UGT1A1*27 gene polymorphism during irinotecan therapy in patients with lung cancer: Results of Lung Oncology Group in Kyusyu (LOGIK1004B)
Authors: Fukuda Minoru , Suetsugu Takayuki , Shimada Midori , Kitazaki Takeshi , Hashiguchi Kohji , Kishimoto Junji , Harada Taishi , Seto Takashi , Ebi Noriyuki , Takayama Koichi , Sugio Kenji , Semba Hiroshi , Nakanishi Yoichi , Ichinose Yukito 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundUridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1*27) is known to impair the effect of UGT in basic research; however, little clinical investigation has been conducted. To evaluate the effect of the UGT1A1*27 polymorphism in irinotecan therapy, we conducted a prospective study.MethodsEligibility criteria included: lung cancer patients; scheduled irinotecan therapy doses of single ≥ 80, combination ≥ 50, radiation with single ≥ 50, or radiation with combination ≥ 40 mg/m2; age ≥ 20; and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (PS) 0–2. Patients were examined for UGT1A1*28 and *6 polymorphisms and received irinotecan. When the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism was detected, a search for UGT1A1*27 was conducted. Fifty patients were enrolled, with 48 patients determined eligible.Results
UGT1A1 polymorphisms *28/*28, *6/*6, *28/*6, *28/−, *6/−, −/− observed 0 (0%), 1 (2%), 1 (2%), 7 (15%), 17 (35%) and 22 (46%), respectively. UGT1A1*27 were examined in nine patients including one ineligible patient; however, no polymorphisms were found. The study ceased after interim analysis. In an evaluation of the side effects of irinotecan, patients with UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*6 polymorphisms had a higher tendency to experience febrile neutropenia than wild type (25% and 32% vs. 14%). Incidences of grade 3/4 leukopenia and neutropenia were significantly higher in patients with UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms compared with wild type (75% vs. 32%, P = 0.049; 75% vs. 36%, P = 0.039, respectively).ConclusionOur prospective study did not locate the UGT1A1*27 polymorphism, suggesting that UGT1A1*27 does not significantly predict severe irinotecan toxicity in cancer patients.
In vivo biometric evaluation of Schlemm's canal with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in pseuduexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Imamoglu Serhat , Sevim Mehmet S. , Alpogan Oksan , Ercalik Nimet Y. , Kumral Esra Turkseven , Pekel Gokhan , Bardak Handan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo perform in vivo imaging of the Schlemm's canal (SC) with anterior segment spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography [AS‐spectral‐domain (SD)‐OCT] and also to measure its biometric parameters including the SC length and SC area in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma.MethodsForty‐one consecutive patients with PEX glaucoma and 41 age‐ and sex‐matched normal subjects were enrolled. All subjects underwent imaging with SD‐OCT. The SC length and SC area were examined in the temporal sections and measured with customized software.ResultsThe percentages of the temporal sections in which SC was observable were similar between the two groups. Mean SC length was found significantly shorter, and mean SC area was found significantly smaller in patients with PEX glaucoma than in controls (p = 0.044 and p = 0.036, respectively). Mean intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) values were also similar between two groups. No significant correlations were found between SC measurements and IOP.ConclusionsAnterior segment spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography offers non‐invasive, in vivo measurement of the SC, and it could be used for investigating the SC changes in patients with PEX glaucoma.
Microbiological and clinical outcomes of fixed complete‐arch mandibular prostheses supported by immediate implants in individuals with history of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Gomes Jefferson A. , Sartori Ivete A. M. , Able Francine B. , de Oliveira Silva Thalisson S. , do Nascimento Cássio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the microbiological and clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed in chronically infected sockets for rehabilitation with fixed full‐arch mandibular prostheses.Material and methodsFourteen individuals (mean age 60.14 ± 7.69 years) were enrolled in this investigation and followed up until 8 months of function. Microbiological (microbial count and profile) and clinical (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and bone resorption) parameters were conducted before teeth extraction (T0 – baseline) and after 4 (T1) and 8 (T2) months of loading. Thirty‐nine microbial species including periodontopathogenic species and Candida spp. were detected and quantified by DNA checkerboard analysis.ResultsModerate to high levels of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic species were found colonizing teeth and implant‐related sites. No significant differences in total or individual microbial counts and microbial profile were found over time (P = 0.4929). Probing depth values from teeth (T0: 3.05 ± 1.45) were significantly higher when compared with implants (T1: 1.81 ± 0.56; T2: 1.66 ± 0.53; P < 0.0001). High percentages of bleeding sites were found for both teeth and implants, with the highest values recorded for teeth (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected comparing marginal bone resorption over time.ConclusionsTotal and individual counts of target species did not differ between teeth and implants for 8 months of investigation. The mean proportions of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic species remained unaltered, and no clinical complications were reported over time. Data obtained suggest that immediate loading of complete mandibular prostheses retained by implants placed immediately after extraction may be a viable treatment option for edentulous individuals with previous history of periodontal disease.
Weight bias reduction in health professionals: a systematic review
Authors: Alberga A. S. , Pickering B. J. , Alix Hayden K. , Ball G. D. C. , Edwards A. , Jelinski S. , Nutter S. , Oddie S. , Sharma A. M. , Russell‐Mayhew S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryInnovative and coordinated strategies to address weight bias among health professionals are urgently needed. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical peer‐reviewed published studies to assess the impact of interventions designed to reduce weight bias in students or professionals in a health‐related field. Combination sets of keywords based on three themes (1: weight bias/stigma; 2: obesity/overweight; 3: health professional) were searched within nine databases. Our search yielded 1447 individual records, of which 17 intervention studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 15) included medical, dietetic, health promotion, psychology and kinesiology students, while the minority included practicing health professionals (n = 2). Studies utilized various bias‐reduction strategies. Many studies had methodological weaknesses, including short assessment periods, lack of randomization, lack of control group and small sample sizes. Although many studies reported changes in health professionals’ beliefs and knowledge about obesity aetiology, evidence of effectiveness is poor, and long‐term effects of intervention strategies on weight bias reduction remain unknown. The findings highlight the lack of experimental research to reduce weight bias among health professionals. Although changes in practice will likely require multiple strategies in various sectors, well‐designed trials are needed to test the impact of interventions to decrease weight bias in healthcare settings.
Overlapping Land Claims Limit the Use of Satellites to Monitor No‐Deforestation Commitments and No‐Burning Compliance
Authors: Gaveau David L.A. , Pirard Romain , Salim Mohammad A. , Tonoto Prayoto , Yaen Husna , Parks Sean A. , Carmenta Rachel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWorldwide many businesses have recently pledged to sourcing agricultural and timber products exclusively from deforestation and fire‐free supply chains. Geoinvestigations—monitoring the activities of plantation companies using satellites and concession maps—are now applied to identify which companies breach their commitments and regulations. We investigate the limitations of geoinvestigations by analyzing land‐use and fire in and around 163 Indonesian concessions of oil‐palm and pulpwood, where recurring forest and peatland fires are a national and international concern.We reveal a mismatch between de jure and de facto land occupancy inside and outside concessions. Independent farmers are present in concessions while some companies expand outside concessions. Thus, both actors may be responsible for deforestation and fire inside and outside concessions. On peatland, fire can start outside and spread into concessions, while draining in concessions may promote fire outside. These dynamics make attribution of fire and deforestation in Indonesian concessions impossible without detailed field investigations.This study highlights the need to combine very high‐resolution satellite data with extensive field investigations of de facto land ownership, claims and disputes inside and outside concessions. In Indonesia, such activities could fall under the One Map Policy, whose remit is to identify and resolve overlapping land claims.
Refining Raiffa – Aspiration Adaptation within the Zone of Possible Ag
Authors: Ahlert Marlies , Sträter Katharina Friederike 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne of the most well-known descriptive bargaining models is Raiffa’s Zone of Possible Agreements (ZOPA). We reinterpret Raiffa’s model of a price negotiation in the realm of bounded rationality by applying Simon’s theory of Satisficing. Afterward we refine Raiffa’s negotiation model using Aspiration Adaptation Theory as suggested by Sauermann, Selten, Tietz and others. We offer a model of a concession process that gives precision to the Dance of Concessions in Raiffa’s model by applying axioms of bounded rationality. Raiffa suggests a solution point derived from equity in price dimension, whereas we propose an area solution defined by equity in aspiration levels.
Peripherally restricted viral challenge elevates extracellular glutamate and enhances synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
Authors: Hunsberger Holly C. , Wang Desheng , Petrisko Tiffany J. , Alhowail Ahmad , Setti Sharay E. , Suppiramaniam Vishnu , Konat Gregory W. , Reed Miranda N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPeripheral infections increase the propensity and severity of seizures in susceptible populations. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal injection of a viral mimic, polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (PIC), elicits hypersusceptibility of mice to kainic acid (KA)‐induced seizures. This study was undertaken to determine whether this seizure hypersusceptibility entails alterations in glutamate signaling. Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with PIC, and after 24 h, glutamate homeostasis in the hippocampus was monitored using the enzyme‐based microelectrode arrays. PIC challenge robustly increased the level of resting extracellular glutamate. While pre‐synaptic potassium‐evoked glutamate release was not affected, glutamate uptake was profoundly impaired and non‐vesicular glutamate release was augmented, indicating functional alterations of astrocytes. Electrophysiological examination of hippocampal slices from PIC‐challenged mice revealed a several fold increase in the basal synaptic transmission as compared to control slices. PIC challenge also increased the probability of pre‐synaptic glutamate release as seen from a reduction of paired‐pulse facilitation and synaptic plasticity as seen from an enhancement of long‐term potentiation. Altogether, our results implicate a dysregulation of astrocytic glutamate metabolism and an alteration of excitatory synaptic transmission as the underlying mechanism for the development of hippocampal hyperexcitability, and consequently seizure hypersusceptibility following peripheral PIC challenge.
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Peripheral infections/inflammations enhance seizure susceptibility. Here, we explored the effect of peritoneal inflammation induced by a viral mimic on glutamate homeostasis and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the mouse hippocampus. We found that peritoneal inflammation elevated extracellular glutamate concentration and enhanced the probability of pre‐synaptic glutamate release resulting in hyperexcitability of neuronal networks. These mechanisms are likely to underlie the enhanced seizure propensity.
Reliability and Validity of Physical Fitness Field‐Based Tests in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ayán Pérez Carlos , Martínez‐Lemos Iván , Lago‐Ballesteros Joaquín , Cancela Carral José Ma , Loira‐Camiña Nerea 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhysical fitness is an important marker of health that can be measured by means of field‐based tests, though research about its psychometric properties when performed by people with Down syndrome is scarce. A systematic review was designed to identify the validity and reliability of the existing physical fitness field‐based tests that have been administered to individuals with Down syndrome. An evidence‐based search for peer‐reviewed studies was conducted informing about the reliability and/or validity of physical fitness field‐based tests that have been administered to individuals with Down syndrome utilizing the PubMed, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases throughout the period November 2014 to May 2015. Of the 15 studies selected, all provided information about reliability, but only seven included validity measurement for the field tests chosen to assess physical fitness in Down syndrome cohorts. Aerobic resistance field test assessments were the most frequent, totalling 7 studies, while 5 investigations used strength tests instead and 3 of them used balance tests. Only one study used agility as a parameter. There was a noticeable lack of studies that analyzed the reliability or validity of physical fitness field‐based tests in people with Down syndrome, especially in adult and elderly populations. The half‐mile run‐walk, hand‐held dynamometer, and the four square balance tests seem to be the most valid field‐based tests when assessing aerobic endurance, muscular strength, and balance respectively in groups of persons with Down syndrome.