bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided parent‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for children with anxiety disorders: Outcomes at 3‐ to 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Brown Alexandra , Creswell Cathy , Barker Chris , Butler Stephen , Cooper Peter , Hobbs Catherine , Thirlwall Kerstin 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesBrief guided parent‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been developed to meet the demand for non‐intensive interventions for children with anxiety disorders, and initial trials have shown it to be effective for children with a range of anxiety disorders. This study examined outcomes 3–5 years post‐treatment.DesignA long‐term follow‐up (LTFU) cohort study.MethodsFamilies who (1) completed at least 50% of allocated treatment sessions of guided parent‐delivered CBT for childhood anxiety as part of a randomized control trial (RCT), (2) provided consent to be recontacted, (3) had not received further mental health interventions, and (4) were contactable were invited to take part. Fifty‐seven families (29% of the original sample) completed structured diagnostic interviews on average 50 months after treatment (39–61 months).ResultsAt LTFU, 79% of the assessed children who had received the treatment no longer met criteria for their primary diagnosis, 63% did not meet criteria for any anxiety disorder, and 61% did not meet criteria for any DSM‐IV disorder. Treatment gains were mostly maintained (60%), and some children went on to recover during the follow‐up period without additional input from mental health services (19%). Few young people had relapsed since their last assessment (12%). Mean scores on standardized symptom questionnaires were within the normal range.ConclusionsChildren who recovered from anxiety disorders following brief guided parent‐delivered CBT typically maintained good outcomes and few relapsed. These findings suggest that this is a viable first‐line, low‐intensity treatment approach. This study only included a small subsample of those in the original RCT (29%), and more information is required about those who dropped out of treatment and those who required further intervention immediately after treatment.Practitioner points

Treatment gains from brief guided parent‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for children with anxiety are maintained for most children 3–5 years later.

The majority of children who completed at least 50% of the intervention required no further mental health intervention in that time.

Some children make continued improvement after completing the intervention.

Data are based on a sample of families from southern England where the primary caregiving parent was free of mental health difficulties.

Further research is needed to explore the mental health needs of those who do not benefit from this intervention.
Genistein and tyrphostin AG556 decrease ultra‐rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current of human atria by inhibiting EGF receptor tyrosine kinase
Authors: Xiao Guo‐Sheng , Zhang Yan‐Hui , Wu Wei , Sun Hai‐Ying , Wang Yan , Li Gui‐Rong 
Published: January 2017

Background and PurposeThe ultra‐rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current IKur (encoded by Kv1.5 or KCNA5) plays an important role in human atrial repolarization. The present study investigates the regulation of this current by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs).Experimental ApproachWhole‐cell patch voltage clamp technique and immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis were used to investigate whether the PTK inhibitors genistein, tyrphostin AG556 (AG556) and PP2 regulate human atrial IKur and hKv1.5 channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells.Key ResultsHuman atrial IKur was decreased by genistein (a broad‐spectrum PTK inhibitor) and AG556 (a highly selective EGFR TK inhibitor) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Inhibition of IKur induced by 30 μM genistein or 10 μM AG556 was significantly reversed by 1 mM orthovanadate (a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor). Similar results were observed in HEK 293 cells stably expressing hKv1.5 channels. On the other hand, the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 (1 μM) slightly enhanced IKur and hKv1.5 current, and the current increase was also reversed by orthovanadate. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis showed that genistein, AG556, and PP2 decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of hKv1.5 channels and that the decrease was countered by orthovanadate.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe PTK inhibitors genistein and AG556 decrease human atrial IKur and cloned hKv1.5 channels by inhibiting EGFR TK, whereas the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 increases IKur and hKv1.5 current. These results imply that EGFR TK and the soluble Src kinases may have opposite effects on human atrial IKur.
In silico analysis of the deleterious nsSNPs (missense) in the homeobox domain of human HOXB13 gene responsible for hereditary prostate cancer
Authors: Chandrasekaran Gopalakrishnan , Hwang Eu Chang , Kang Taek Won , Kwon Dong Deuk , Park Kwangsung , Lee Je‐Jung , Lakshmanan Vinoth‐Kumar 
Published: January 2017

The human HOXB13 gene encodes a transcription factor containing a DNA‐binding homeobox domain and a HoxA13 N‐terminal domain. SNP is considered to be the primary genetic cause for hereditary prostate cancer (PCa). The study of functional nsSNPs would give an insight into the exact cause underlying the onset of hereditary PCa and possible methodologies for the cure or early management of the disease. Several in silico tools were used to screen and map the deleterious nsSNPs to the protein structure for predicting the structure–function effects. Among the 23 homeobox nsSNPs, sift predicted 20, whereas PolyPhen, panther, and provean predicted 21 nsSNP's as deleterious. W63R, D244N, K239Q, P222R, K218R, and G216C were found to have higher energy values than the native 2CRA. The RMSD value showed increased deviation for T253P(2.53 Å), P222R(2.27 Å), G216C(2.15 Å), K218R(1.66 Å), and K239Q(1.62 Å). The I‐Mutant showed increase in the stability of R258C, S254T, S250L, K239Q, and Q227E. Ramachandran plot showed mutants P222R, G216C, W263R, and K218R having drastically unfavorable pattern of amino acid residues. The presence of these mutations may result in the altered structure and function of the transcription factor; however, the exact mechanism and pathology of those predicted nsSNPs should further be validated by in vivo experiments and population‐based studies.
Co‐varying impacts of land use and non‐native brown trout on fish communities in small streams
Authors: Kirk Mark A. , Wissinger Scott A. , Goeller Brandon C. , Rieck Leslie O. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Evaluating the biological integrity of stream ecosystems requires a clear understanding of biological responses to anthropogenic stressors. Co‐variation of stressors with natural landscape gradients has been shown to complicate the ability of biological assessments to detect community‐level responses to anthropogenic stressors. Similarly, the co‐varying occurrence of non‐native species would also likely confound the ability of biological assessments to accurately determine biological integrity, although these relationships have been less studied.

We compared fish communities in 99 wadeable tributaries (with catchments of 10–35 km2) of the upper Allegheny River watershed, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., to disentangle the effects of human‐induced stressors associated with agricultural development, the presence of non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta) and background variation in community composition associated with natural landscape features.

Multivariate analyses using both taxonomic and trait‐based data revealed that environmental gradients sorted fish species into different thermal communities (coolwater versus warmwater). Layered over the shift in thermal communities was the presence of large‐bodied (piscivorous) brown trout, which along with agricultural land use, was a consistent determinant of community diversity and presence–absence of nine common native species. Small‐bodied taxa (minnows, darters) were the most responsive to the presence of these large non‐native predators.

Our results highlight how the presence of a non‐native species can modify the interactions between natural and anthropogenic stressor gradients and therefore confound the ability to detect signals between land use stressors and local stream community composition. The complicated interaction between brown trout and other anthropogenic stressors documented herein is likely to be a widespread phenomenon given the global introductions of many salmonid species into systems with varying anthropogenic stressor gradients. Overall, understanding how non‐native species influence stream community composition should lead to biological assessments with greater capabilities for detecting non‐native effects on biological integrity relative to the more frequently evaluated land use stressors.
Testing for local adaptation and evolutionary potential along altitudinal gradients in rainforest Drosophila: beyond laboratory estimates
Authors: O'Brien Eleanor K. , Higgie Megan , Reynolds Alan , Hoffmann Ary A. , Bridle Jon R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPredicting how species will respond to the rapid climatic changes predicted this century is an urgent task. Species distribution models (SDMs) use the current relationship between environmental variation and species’ abundances to predict the effect of future environmental change on their distributions. However, two common assumptions of SDMs are likely to be violated in many cases: (i) that the relationship of environment with abundance or fitness is constant throughout a species’ range and will remain so in future and (ii) that abiotic factors (e.g. temperature, humidity) determine species’ distributions. We test these assumptions by relating field abundance of the rainforest fruit fly Drosophila birchii to ecological change across gradients that include its low and high altitudinal limits. We then test how such ecological variation affects the fitness of 35 D. birchii families transplanted in 591 cages to sites along two altitudinal gradients, to determine whether genetic variation in fitness responses could facilitate future adaptation to environmental change. Overall, field abundance was highest at cooler, high‐altitude sites, and declined towards warmer, low‐altitude sites. By contrast, cage fitness (productivity) increased towards warmer, lower‐altitude sites, suggesting that biotic interactions (absent from cages) drive ecological limits at warmer margins. In addition, the relationship between environmental variation and abundance varied significantly among gradients, indicating divergence in ecological niche across the species’ range. However, there was no evidence for local adaptation within gradients, despite greater productivity of high‐altitude than low‐altitude populations when families were reared under laboratory conditions. Families also responded similarly to transplantation along gradients, providing no evidence for fitness trade‐offs that would favour local adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of (i) measuring genetic variation in key traits under ecologically relevant conditions, and (ii) considering the effect of biotic interactions when predicting species’ responses to environmental change.
A Joint Analytic Method for Estimating Aquitard Hydraulic Parameters
Authors: Zhuang Chao , Zhou Zhifang , Illman Walter A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv), elastic (Sske), and inelastic (Sskv) skeletal specific storage of aquitards are three of the most critical parameters in land subsidence investigations. Two new analytic methods are proposed to estimate the three parameters. The first analytic method is based on a new concept of delay time ratio for estimating Kv and Sske of an aquitard subject to long‐term stable, cyclic hydraulic head changes at boundaries. The second analytic method estimates the Sskv of the aquitard subject to linearly declining hydraulic heads at boundaries. Both methods are based on analytical solutions for flow within the aquitard, and they are jointly employed to obtain the three parameter estimates. This joint analytic method is applied to estimate the Kv, Sske, and Sskv of a 34.54‐m thick aquitard for which the deformation progress has been recorded by an extensometer located in Shanghai, China. The estimated results are then calibrated by PEST (Doherty 2005), a parameter estimation code coupled with a one‐dimensional aquitard‐drainage model. The Kv and Sske estimated by the joint analytic method are quite close to those estimated via inverse modeling and performed much better in simulating elastic deformation than the estimates obtained from the stress‐strain diagram method of Ye and Xue (2005). The newly proposed joint analytic method is an effective tool that provides reasonable initial values for calibrating land subsidence models.
The cascade of HIV care among refugees and nationals in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda
Authors: O'Laughlin KN , Kasozi J , Rabideau DJ , Parker RA , Mulogo E , Faustin ZM , Greenwald KE , Doraiswamy S , Walensky RP , Bassett IV 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesRefugees living in Uganda come from HIV‐endemic countries, and many remain in refugee settlements for over a decade. Our objective was to evaluate the HIV care cascade in Nakivale Refugee Settlement and to assess correlates of linkage to care.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled individuals accessing clinic‐based HIV testing in Nakivale Refugee Settlement from March 2013 to July 2014. Newly HIV‐diagnosed clients were followed for 3 months post‐diagnosis. Clients underwent a baseline survey. The following outcomes were obtained from HIV clinic registers in Nakivale: clinic attendance (‘linkage to HIV care’), CD4 testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility, and ART initiation within 90 days of testing. Descriptive data were reported as frequency with 95% confidence interval (CI) or median with interquartile range (IQR). The impact of baseline variables on linkage to care was assessed with logistic regression models.ResultsOf 6850 adult clients tested for HIV, 276 (4%; CI: 3–5%) were diagnosed with HIV infection, 148 (54%; CI: 47–60%) of those were linked to HIV care, 54 (20%; CI: 15–25%) had a CD4 test, 22 (8%; CI: 5–12%) were eligible for ART, and 17 (6%; CI: 3–10%) initiated ART. The proportions of refugees and nationals at each step of the cascade were similar. We identified no significant predictors of linkage to care.ConclusionsLess than a quarter of newly HIV‐diagnosed clients completed ART assessment, considerably lower than in other reports from sub‐Saharan Africa. Understanding which factors hinder linkage to and engagement in care in the settlement will be important to inform interventions specific for this environment.
Effect of vacuum‐drying, hot air‐drying and freeze‐drying on polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus limon) pomace aqueous extracts
Authors: Papoutsis Konstantinos , Pristijono Penta , Golding John B. , Stathopoulos Costas E. , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Vuong Quan V. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freeze‐drying, hot air‐drying and vacuum‐drying at 70, 90 and 110 °C, on dried lemon pomace polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lemon pomace dried by hot air or under vacuum than those dried by freeze‐drying and increased as the temperature increased. The highest total flavonoid content was recorded in the pomace dried under vacuum at 70 and 90 °C. Lemon pomace dried by freeze‐drying had the highest neohesperidin content, whereas pomace dried under vacuum at 70 °C had the highest rutin and p‐coumaric acid content. The highest gallic acid content was recorded in the pomace dried by hot air at 110 °C. The results of this study indicate that drying technique should be carefully selected according to the bioactive compounds aimed to be extracted.
Oxygen permeation characteristics of sol‐gel derived barium‐substituted strontium ferrite membranes
Authors: Jaiswal Shivendra Kumar , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe pervoskite‐type oxides have received attention due to their potential applications in catalysis, solid oxide fuel cells, gas sensors, and gas separable membranes. In view of their importance in oxygen separation from air, BaxSr1−xFeO3−δ (0≤x≤1.0) samples have been synthesized by sol‐gel process and investigated with regard to phase(s), oxygen permeation, and electrical conductivity. These compounds possess at room temperature, a perovskite‐type cubic, mixture of rhombohedral and hexagonal, and hexagonal phase(s) depending upon the composition 0≤x≤0.94, x=0.96‐0.98, and x=1.0, respectively. The barium incorporation causes initially enhancement but decrease in electrical conductivity above x=0.94. Above 800°C, all the compositions exhibit a stable cubic phase. The compacts made in the form of discs serve as stable oxygen permeable membranes displaying flux density () of ~2.45‐3.58 mL/cm2.min at 1000°C. A good correlation has been demonstrated between the oxygen permeation and the electrical conductivity data. The maximum values of and conductivity correspond to BaxSr1−xFeO3−δ (x=0.94) with a perovskite‐type cubic structure. Hence, this membrane is quite suitable for oxygen separation technology.
Rapid low‐temperature synthesis of tetragonal single‐phase Li7La3Zr2O12
Authors: Kimura Teiichi , Yamada Yusuke , Yamamoto Kazuo , Matsuda Tetsushi , Nomura Hiroshi , Hirayama Tsukasa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe formation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ), a Li ion conducting oxide with a garnet‐type crystal structure, from a powder mixture of Li2CO3, La(OH)3, and ZrO2 was investigated, and two possible reaction pathways were identified. Based on the obtained results, LLZ was synthesized at low temperatures and short reaction times, using Li2CO3, La(OH)3, and La2Zr2O7 (instead of ZrO2) as starting materials. According to the proposed method, single‐phase LLZ was obtained by heating the initial mixture to 800°C for 1 hour in air, which eliminated possible Li losses. The produced LLZ species exhibited a tetragonal crystal structure with the lattice parameters a=1.3189(3) nm and c=1.2694(1) nm, while their transmission electron microscopy images confirmed that LLZ formation occurred through the dissolution of La2Zr2O7 and La(OH)3 in a Li2CO3 melt followed by LLZ precipitation from solution.
MnO2 with controlled phase for use in supercapacitors
Authors: Sari Fitri Nur Indah , So Pei‐Ru , Ting Jyh‐Ming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNanostructured MnO2 has been synthesized using a simple and rapid microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MHT) technique through the decomposition of KMnO4 in a hydrochloric acid solution. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and ramp rate were examined and discussed. It was found that a lower temperature (140°C) favors the formation of cauliflower‐like δ‐MnO2 particles while a higher temperature (160°C, 180°C, or 200°C) favors the formation of α‐MnO2 nanorods. The dimensions of the obtained MnO2 nanorods were affected by the ramp rate. The cauliflower‐like δ‐MnO2 particles have higher specific surface areas than the α‐MnO2 nanorods. Supercapacitors having the obtained MnO2 as the electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 1 mol·L−1 Na2SO4 solution within a potential window of −0.1‐0.9 V. The cauliflower‐like δ‐MnO2 electrodes give higher capacitance, up to 202 F/g, than the nanorods α‐MnO2 electrodes, at most 61 F/g.
Long‐term microstructural changes in solid oxide fuel cell anodes: 3D reconstruction
Authors: Parikh Harshil , Hilli Naima , De Guire Mark R. , Heuer Arthur H. , Liu Zhien , Goettler Richard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicrostructural changes in solid oxide fuel cell anodes after long‐term operation have been characterized by sequential sectioning with a focused ion beam, followed by scanning electron microscopy imaging and three‐dimensional reconstruction. The anodes were porous composites of Ni and Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ). The cells were operated at 800°C for 2, 4, and 8 kh, and at 925°C for 2 and 4 kh. For each specimen, the volume fraction, surface area, particle diameter, and tortuosity have been calculated for each phase (Ni, YSZ, and pores). The dependence of these microstructural parameters on the volume of sample analyzed was monitored; sufficiently large volumes were analyzed so as to eliminate any effect of sample volume. Gradients in volume fraction of Ni and porosity developed during fuel cell operation, with Ni fraction increasing, and pore fraction decreasing, at the electrolyte/anode interface. The magnitudes of these gradients increased with time.
An open‐label randomized control trial of hopping and jumping training versus sensorimotor rehabilitation programme on postural capacities in individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Borji Rihab , Sahli Sonia , Baccouch Rym , Laatar Rabeb , Kachouri Hiba , Rebai Haithem 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a hopping and jumping training programme (HJP) versus a sensorimotor rehabilitation programme (SRP) on postural performances in children with intellectual disability.MethodsThree groups of children with intellectual disability participated in the study: the HJP group, the SRP group and a control group. Postural capacities were tested with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Tinetti tests. The HJP and the SRP groups participated in the training programmes for eight weeks. Then, all participants were retested.ResultsResults showed that before the training period, there are no significant differences between the three groups. After the training period, the BBS and the Tinetti scores increased significantly in the HJP group and the SRP group with greater extent in the HJP group than in the STP group.ConclusionWe suggest that HJP training is more recommended to improve postural capacities in children with intellectual disability.
The United Kingdom Referendum on European Union Membership: The Voting of Conservative Parliamentarians
Authors: Heppell Timothy , Crines Andrew , Jeffery David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article considers the attitudes of members of the parliamentary Conservative Party (PCP) during the European Union (EU) membership referendum held in the United Kingdom (UK) on 23 June 2016. First, the article identifies the voting positions – remain or leave – of each Conservative parliamentarian in order to assess the strength of opinion within the PCP and place it within its historical context. Second, the article uses multivariate analysis to test a series of hypotheses about the voting of Conservative parliamentarians. Through this we will aim to identify whether any associations existed between advocates and opponents of Brexit and social variables such as age, schooling, university, occupation and gender; political variables such as constituency marginality, and whether they were a minister, an ex‐minister or a permanent backbencher; and the ideological variable of morality – such as support for or opposition to same sex marriage.