bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formula-led methods using first morning fasting spot urine to assess usual salt intake: a secondary analysis of PURE study data
Authors: McLean Rachael M. , Song Jing , Wang Changqiong , He Feng J. , Cappuccio Francesco P. , Campbell Norm RC. , MacGregor Graham A. 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
Observational studies that assess the relationship between salt intake and long-term outcomes require a valid estimate of usual salt intake. The gold-standard measure in individuals is sodium excretion in multiple nonconsecutive 24-h urines. Multiple studies have demonstrated that random spot urine samples are not valid for estimating usual salt intake; however, some researchers believe that fasting morning spot urine samples produce a better measure of usual salt intake than random spot samples.

Methods:
We have used publicly available data from a PURE China validation study to compare estimates of usual salt intake from morning spot urine samples and three published formulae with mean of two 24-h urine samples (reference). We estimated the means and 95% confidence intervals of absolute and relative errors for each formula-led method and the degree to which estimates were able to be classified into the correct quartile of intake. Bland-Altman plots were used to test the level of agreement.

Results:
The results show that compared with the reference method, all formulae-led estimates from spot urine collections have high error rates: both random and systematic. This is demonstrated for individual estimates, as well as by quartiles of reference salt intake. This study conclusively demonstrates the unsuitability of morning spot urine formula-led estimates of usual salt intake.

Conclusion:
Our findings support international recommendations to not conduct, fund, or publish research studies that use spot urine samples with estimating equations to assess individuals’ salt intake in association with health outcomes.
Malignant transformation and tumour recurrence in sacrococcygeal teratoma: a global, retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Heurn Lieke J. , Derikx Joep P.M. , Hall Nigel , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Bailez Maria M. , Chirdan Lohfa B. , Fumino Shigehisa , Hesse Afua , Soyer Tuktu , StPeter Shawn , Twisk Jos , Yang Tianyou , van Heurn Ernst L.W. ,   The SCT-study consortium
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare congenital tumour. The risk of malignancy and recurrence is not well defined. Previous studies are small and report differing conclusions about the timing of surgery and the duration of follow-up. The authors studied the risk of malignant transformation and SCT recurrence after surgery to address these gaps.

Methods:
This was a global retrospective cohort study. Data of consecutive SCT patients was obtained from 145 institutes in 62 countries. Malignant transformation, defined as malignancy at initial resection, malignant recurrence or death due to malignancy, and its risk factors were analysed.

Results:
Of the 3612 included patients, 3407 entered analysis. The risk of malignant transformation of the initial tumour was 3.3, 5.1, 10.1, and 32.9% at age 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. After 6 years, the censored risk of malignancy (64%) did not further increase. Recurrent SCT was diagnosed in 349 (10.2%) children with 126 (36.1%) malignant recurrences. Risk factors for recurrence were Altman type II [odds ratio (OR): 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–2.2], Altman type III (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3), initial immature histology (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4–2.6), and initial malignant histology (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 2.9–5.4).

Conclusion:
The risk of malignancy at initial resection in SCT increases with age reaching a plateau at 6 years of age. Recurrence after resection occurred in 10% of patients and 36% of these were malignant at that time. Altman type II or type III, and immature or malignant histology were associated with recurrence.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
Clinical, sonographic, and molecular changes in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder following extracorporeal shockwave therapy: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Chou Wen-Yi , Wu Kuan-Ting , Chen Po-Cheng , Jhan Shun-Wun , Wu Chia-Feng , Cheng Jai-Hong 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is the primary treatment for calcific tendinitis of the shoulders, but what are the effects of clinical, sonographic, and molecular markers following ESWT in treating calcific tendinitis of the shoulder?

Methods:
Twenty-eight patients were categorized into radiodense and radiolucent subgroups. In addition, clinical assessments included the visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant-Murley (CM) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score, sonographic evaluation, and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The participants completed a 1-year follow-up. All data were collected before and after treatment.

Results:
After 1 year of follow-up, all patients showed notable improvement in VAS, CM, and ASES scores, with no significant clinical variations among the subgroups. However, the radiolucent group showed significant complete resorption and size reduction at the final follow-up. The sonographic evaluation revealed improved tissue perfusion and reduced calcification from 3 to 12 months in all patients, including those in the radiolucent group, but complete resorption of calcific deposits did not occur. The percentage of tissue perfusion was improved at 1 and 3 months after ESWT. There were no significant differences in the levels of the molecular markers interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β) or IL-33, but the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was notably increased at 1 and 3 months post-ESWT. The BMP7 level was increased at 3 months and was then decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion:
ESWT improved symptoms, reduced calcification, enhanced tissue perfusion, and promoted angiogenesis and BMP7 activity. In particular, it benefited radiolucent type patients with better calcification resorption. Partial resorption led to improvements in transparency, and a second ESWT session at 3 months was recommended for optimal results.
Diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy among peripheral pulmonary lesions: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Basiri Reza , Sharifnezhad Farzad , Jafarian Amir H. , Samadi Sara , Zarghi Amirreza 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) poses a significant challenge, prompting the widespread utilization of various modalities to ensure the precision in diagnosis. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (CT-PTNB) in the context of pulmonary malignancy.

Methods and materials:
This multicenter retrospective observational study, included 1317 cases of CT-PTNB performed on adult patients with PPLs from January 2018 to December 2022 in Mashhad, Iran. The pathology results of CT-PTNB from 94 cases were compared to the definitive pathology results obtained through methods such as surgery to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of CT-PTNB in diagnosing of pulmonary malignancy.

Results:
CT-PTNB exhibits an accuracy of 82.98%, with sensitivity and specificity rates of 75.41 and 91.43%, respectively. This study underscores the issue of false-negative results in CT-PTNB and underscores the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, and additional diagnostic modality to guide diagnostic decisions.

Conclusion:
In this large-scale multicenter study, the accuracy of CT-PTNB for diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy is acceptable but fairly low compared to previous studies.
A rare well-differentiated renal retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a case report
Authors: Sukkari M.Walid , Ebedo Raghad , Hulou Saad , Shami Besher , Nastah Samer , Sabbagh Aziz 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and importance:
Retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLPSs) are rare tumors that arise from mesenchymal cells in the peritoneum cavity. The sites of PRLPSs vary a lot, but renal PRLPSs are extremely rare (there are only 45 cases of Renal retroperitoneal liposarcomas on PubMed). In this case, the authors present a rare renal retroperitoneal liposarcoma case, describe the major concepts, and raise awareness about this rare tumor.

Case presentation:
A 44-year-old woman presented to the clinic with hirsutism and irregular menstruation; upon physical examination, a large abdominal mass was accidentally identified; the patient had Doppler ultrasound (Doppler US) and MRI, which both showed a mass arising from the right upper pole of the kidney, fine needle aspiration (FNA) confirmed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma, patient underwent surgical removal and her symptoms disappeared.

Clinical discussion:
The retroperitoneum is a cavity behind the abdominal wall containing organs like the pancreas and kidneys. Retroperitoneal tumors (RPTs) are rare neoplasms, primarily of mesenchymal origin. Retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLPS) are the most common RPT, often asymptomatic until large, and rarely metastasize but frequently recur. Liposarcomas are classified into five subtypes, with well-differentiated liposarcoma being the most common and characterized by high local recurrence. The presence of specific oncologic mutations affects the prognosis and the response to treatment.

Conclusion:
In rare cases, retroperitoneal liposarcomas can arise from sites near the kidney and compress the adjoining adrenal gland.
Experiences and Lessons Learned From Surging the Governmental Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Katie Morrison , Bosold Alyssa , Alvarez Cindy , Dada Oluwatosin O. , Porterfield Deborah S. 
Published: September 2024

Context:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States relied on the public health workforce to control the spread of COVID-19 while continuing to provide foundational public health services. Facing longstanding staffing shortages, state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health agencies (PHAs) used various strategies and supports to surge the workforce in response to the pandemic.

Objectives:
The study explored (1) the types of strategies and supports STLT PHAs used to surge the public health workforce during the pandemic, (2) assessments of surge strategies and supports, and (3) approaches to using the range of surge strategies available.

Design:
We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews in 2023 and performed thematic analysis.

Participants:
Interviewees included STLT public health officials, leaders of organizations that directly supported the COVID-19 workforce surge, and public health workforce experts indirectly involved in the workforce surge.

Results:
To surge the workforce, interviewees relied on partnerships, staffing agencies, the National Guard, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation’s COVID-19 Corps, the Medical Reserve Corps, and other strategies. Interviewees valued strategies that rapidly engaged staff and volunteers at no cost to their PHA and flexible funding from the federal government to support surge efforts but noted shortcomings in the strategies and supports available. Interviewees described using multiple strategies simultaneously but noted challenges in implementing these strategies due to inadequate planning and insufficient staff and resources.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the need for STLT PHAs to establish mechanisms to surge the workforce as part of ongoing planning for emergency preparedness. Focus areas include building administrative and hiring capacity within STLT PHAs and sustaining partnerships and contractual agreements that helped fill staffing gaps during the pandemic. To support efforts to build workforce capacity to meet future surge management needs, STLT PHAs should consider creative solutions to attract and retain staff, as well as opportunities to engage students in public health work.
Addressing Systemic Inequities: An Evaluation of the Resilience Catalysts in Public Health Program
Authors: Ellis Wendy , Hayes Kristen , Salas Esmeralda , Bultema Stephanie A. , Gousse Tahlia , Chen Kuan-Lung Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Resilience Catalysts (RC) in Public Health provides local health departments (LHDs) with a process and technical assistance (TA) to operationalize the Community Health Strategist (CHS) role, foster equity, and support community resilience through policy, practice, and program change across multiple sectors.

Objectives:
This evaluation sought to (1) identify essential elements of the RC process and TA that help LHDs address the systemic drivers of adversity and inequity, and (2) expand understanding of RC’s preliminary impact and inform implications for theory, practice, and funding in the post-COVID context.

Design:
The mixed-methods evaluation incorporated online surveys and semi-structured interviews. Key themes and takeaways were identified using framework analysis, constant comparison analysis, and descriptive statistics.

Setting:
The evaluation was conducted in 12 cities and counties across the United States, including California, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Washington.

Participants:
Survey participants consisted of 29 representatives of 11 RC sites. Interview participants included 33 individuals: 19 representatives of 9 RC sites and 14 individuals representing RC TA providers and funders.

Main Outcome Measures:
The evaluation measured outcomes related to collaborative engagement, addressing inequity, systems change, knowledge change, ability to work within a local political and community context, sustainability, and scalability.

Results:
Evaluation results demonstrate outcomes related to community engagement, expansion of system-level thinking, advancing health and racial equity, clarity and understanding of RC process, building LHD and partners’ capacity and skills needed to embody the CHS role.

Conclusions:
The RC process prepared LHDs to operationalize the CHS role by providing the knowledge, skills, and capacities needed to understand root causes of adversity and inequity, address structural racism as a public health issue, and develop collaborative plans for addressing root causes.
Outcomes of Lymphoma Patients Admitted to the ICU Are Not Influenced by HIV Status: A Retrospective, Observational Cohort Study
Authors: El-Hibri Fouad , Al-Hindawi Ahmed , Singh Shivani , Bower Mark , Singh Suveer 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Patients with lymphoma may require intensive care (ICU) because of disease- or treatment-related complications. The lymphoma–HIV interaction complicates management, but whether outcomes are worse in these patients, when critically ill, is unclear. A retrospective observational cohort study reviewed outcomes of patients admitted to ICU, subsequent 5-year survival, and prognostic factors.

Setting:
Academic ICU at the UK National Centre for HIV Malignancy.

Methods:
Records between 2007 and 2020 identified the following cohorts: HIV lymphoma, lymphoma alone, HIV alone, and patients without HIV/lymphoma. Patient demographics, lymphoma characteristics, ICU admission data, and survival outcomes were collected. Five-year survival outcomes were analyzed for the lymphoma cohorts. ICU outcomes were analyzed for all cohorts. Descriptive statistics summarized baseline characteristics and outcomes. Multivariate regression identified factors associated with ICU mortality.

Results:
Of 5929 patients admitted to the ICU, 63 had HIV lymphoma and 43 had lymphoma alone. Survival to ICU discharge was 71% and 72%, respectively. Adjusted log-odds ratio for ICU survival was significantly better in the comparator cohort. ICU survival between the HIV lymphoma and lymphoma-alone cohorts was not significantly different. Adjusted 5-year survival was not significantly different between lymphoma cohorts. Factors independently associated with a worse ICU survival prognosis were emergency admissions, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, initial lactate, and day requiring level 3 support. Mechanical ventilation and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores were independent risk factors for worse 5-year survival in the lymphoma cohorts.

Conclusions:
ICU outcomes and 5-year survival rates of patients with lymphoma were unaffected by HIV status, revealing favorable outcomes in patients with HIV-related lymphoma admitted to the ICU.
The Use of Bone Substitute Blocks in Minimally Invasive Orthognathic Surgery: Enhancing Jaw Stability and Healing
Authors: Claus Jonathas Daniel Paggi , Spinella Almeida Matheus , Correia Lopes Hugo Jose 
Published: September 2024

This study aims to evaluate the use of bone substitute blocks (BSBs) in minimally invasive orthognathic surgery for the maxilla, mandible, and chin, highlighting their impact on jaw stability and bone healing. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 47 consecutive patients (33 females, 14 males; mean age: 27 y) who underwent bimaxillary advancement surgery. Procedures employed the minimally invasive orthognathic surgery approach. Bovine BSBs (Bio-Oss Collagen) were used to fill gaps in all cases. Postoperative follow-up included computed tomography scans at immediate and 1-year intervals. All patients achieved the desired clinical outcomes without complications such as wound dehiscence, infection, or nonunion. Visual Analog Scale scores indicated high levels of bone formation, with mean scores of 9.1 in the chin, 8.5 in the maxilla, and 7.9 in the mandible. The study supports the routine use of BSBs in orthognathic surgeries, though further research is needed to validate these findings and explore long-term outcomes.
The First Case of Intraportal Islet Implantation During Liver Machine Perfusion Allowing Simultaneous Islet-liver Transplantation in a Human - A New and Safe Treatment for End-stage Liver Disease Combined With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Li Jiahao , Lin Zepeng , Tang Yunhua , Yang Daopeng , Qin Meiting , Ma Xue , Ji Haibin , Chen Honghui , Wang Tielong , Chen Maogen , Ju Weiqiang , Wang Dongping , Guo Zhiyong , Zhu Xiaofeng , Dan Jia , Hu Anbin , He Xiaoshun 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of implanting a liver with islet grafts into patients with end-stage liver disease and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Background:
DM and end-stage liver diseases are significant health concerns worldwide, often coexisting and mutually influencing each other. Addressing both diseases simultaneously is paramount.

Methods:
We utilized the islet transplantation combined ischemia-free liver transplantation technique to treat a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The liver was procured and preserved using the ischemia-free liver transplantation technique, and during normothermic machine perfusion, isolated and purified islet grafts were transplanted into the liver through the portal vein. Finally, the liver, incorporating with the transplant islet grafts, was implanted into the recipient without interruption of blood supply.

Results:
The patient received both liver and islet grafts from the same donor. The patient achieved insulin-independence by post-transplant day 9, and both liver and islet function remained robust. The patient was discharged on post-transplant day 16 and experienced no surgical or transplantation-related complications during the follow-up period. Furthermore, islet grafts presence was observed in liver biopsies after islet transplantation.

Conclusions:
This landmark case marks the inaugural application of ischemia-free liver transplantation in humans, signifying its potential as a promising treatment modality for end-stage liver disease with DM.
Is there a role for capsaicin in cancer pain management?
Authors: Gordon-Williams Richard , Harris Clara , Magee David J. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Advances in oncological therapies have resulted in an increase in the number of patients living with and beyond cancer. The personal and societal impact of chronic pain in the survivor population represents an area of significant unmet need. Capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) may provide analgesia with limited systemic side effects. This review looks to summarise the most recent evidence regarding the use of capsaicin in the management of cancer pain.

Recent findings
Various international guidelines have recently endorsed the use of high concentration capsaicin patches in the treatment of chronic painful chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. Numerous studies support the use of capsaicin in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. This promising data is predominantly yielded from pain secondary to herpes zoster and diabetic neuropathy, with an expanding but small evidence base for its utility in other neuropathic pains. Emerging data suggests that treatments are better tolerated and provide analgesia more rapidly when compared with systemic treatments.

Summary
Whilst randomised controlled trial data in the treatment of cancer pain are lacking, recent large cohort studies, and international guidelines, support the use of high concentration capsaicin patches in a wide variety of neuropathic pain secondary to cancer treatments.
Two photons everywhere
Authors: Zubizarreta Casalengua E. , Laussy F. P. , ‍del Valle E.‍ 
Published: September 2024

We discuss two-photon physics, taking for illustration the particular but topical case of resonance fluorescence. We show that the basic concepts of interferences and correlations provide at the two-photon level an independent and drastically different picture than at the one-photon level, with landscapes of correlations that reveal various processes by spanning over all the possible frequencies at which the system can emit. Such landscapes typically present lines of photon bunching and circles of antibunching. The theoretical edifice to account for these features rests on two pillars: (i) a theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and (ii) admixing classical and quantum fields. While experimental efforts have been to date concentrated on correlations between spectral peaks, strong correlations exist between photons emitted away from the peaks, which are accessible only through multi-photon observables. These could be exploited for both fundamental understanding of quantum-optical processes as well as applications by harnessing these unsuspected resources.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship’.