bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of CMR Parametric Mapping as per Modified Lake Louise Criteria in Acute Myocarditis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Giri Latika , Singh Roshan , Marey Ahmed , Li Yupeng , Venkatesh Bharath , Abdulla Jawdat , Zimmerman Stefan , Umair Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) mapping parameters—Native T1, T2 mapping, and Extracellular Volume (ECV)—are pivotal for diagnosing acute myocarditis according to the modified 2018 Lake Louise Criteria (mLLC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate their diagnostic performance and establish optimal thresholds for acute myocarditis diagnosis.
Methods
We systematically reviewed articles published in the past decade that utilized parametric mapping techniques for myocarditis diagnosis. Data on sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under Curve (AUC) were included, and quality assessment was conducted using the QUADAS-2 tool by two independent reviewers.
Results
Eleven studies involving 677 patients were included. Native T1 showed sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 86%, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 39, and an AUC of 0.91. T2 mapping had sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 86%, DOR of 25, and an AUC of 0.89. ECV demonstrated sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 81%, DOR of 13, and an AUC of 0.83. Mean values in controls for myocarditis were: Native T1 (1039 ms ± 39.23), T2 mapping (57 ms ± 5.18), ECV (31% ± 5.60). The optimal thresholds were 1021 ms for Native T1, 54 ms for T2 mapping, and 28% for ECV generated through Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Native T1 exhibited the highest accuracy among the parameters assessed. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant sensitivity differences based on biopsy or clinical criteria, while Native T1 specificity varied significantly.
Conclusions
Parametric mapping, particularly Native T1, demonstrates robust diagnostic performance for myocarditis compared to T2 mapping and ECV within the mLLC framework. Integrating these CMR parameters could enhance diagnostic accuracy. Further research is essential to refine these findings and optimize diagnostic strategies for myocarditis.
Fermentation and the Production of Ethanol From Sweet Potatoes
Authors: Amire Peace Jimoh  and O.A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Bioethanol, an alcohol produced by fermentation of plants/plant biomass (containing starch and sugars broken down by microorganisms), is regarded as a dominant form of fuel for the future. Fermentation is a metabolic process in which sugar is microbially degraded, resulting in the conversion of sugar to acids, gases, and alcohol. Sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) were used to produce ethanol in this study. The production of this renewable fuel, particularly from starchy materials such as sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas), has a significant potential to meet future energy demand. The sweet potatoes were washed, peeled, cut, weighed, and cooked alongside the mash dilution. The fermentation process lasted for four days and included steeping the mash in distilled water. This analysis was carried out with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Distillation was used to recover the product. The presence of (OH-) was confirmed by IR analysis. The ethanol produced in this study was titrated, and the concentration was determined to be 16.337M, with a percentage yield of 75.60 percent.
Pulmonary Insulin Resistance – The Lung as a Metabolic Organ: Investigating the Correlation between Insulin Resistance and Sleep Apnea
Authors: Andrade Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , Bittencourt Alcina Maria Vinhaes , Baptista Gustavo Magno , de Oliveira Luís Matos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and sleep apnea has been increasingly investigated. This study aimed to examine the correlation between IR and the severity of sleep apnea, as well as the potential impact of IR on pulmonary function.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 72 individuals diagnosed with sleep apnea. Demographic data, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin were collected. IR was assessed using the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index). Polysomnography and spirometry were performed. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between IR, sleep apnea severity, and pulmonary function.
Results: The study population consisted of 37 females and 35 males with a mean age of 45.31 years. IR was present in 66% of participants. The mean Epworth sleepiness score was 8.89 ± 4.54. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) revealed 19.40% normal, 30.60% mild, 27.80% moderate, and 22.20% severe. A significant association was found between IR and both Epworth score (PR 60.50%, OR 1.243, P = 0.0001) and AHI (PR 65.50%, OR 4.750, P = 0.014). However, no significant association was observed between IR and mild AHI.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between IR and the severity of sleep apnea, particularly moderate and severe AHI. These results underscore the importance of considering IR as a potential risk factor for sleep apnea and suggest the possibility of pulmonary IR in situ.
ECHOES OF TRADITION: FOLKLORE IN MAMANG DAI'S 'THE LEGENDS OF PENSAM
Authors: Dr. Dhruti Raval  
Published: October 2024

The North-east region is full of picturesque landscape depicting the rich culture and indigenous folklore. The region has created literature which embraces the beauty and rich literary tradition. North-east Indian literature is an amalgamation of unique culture and traditions of the eight states namely- Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Mamang Dai’s Legends of Pensam is a rich tapestry of narratives that intertwine folkloristic elements with contemporary storytelling. This research article delves into the folkloristic traditions embedded within Dai’s work, examining how these traditions contribute to the narrative structure, thematic depth, and cultural resonance of the text. Through a close analysis of key folkloristic motifs, narrative techniques, and thematic explorations, this article aims to elucidate the ways in which Dai employs folklore to construct a vibrant literary world that resonates with readers.
TIME TO CHANGE THE OUTLOOK OF ICDS SCHEME (AWCS): COMPREHENSIVE FACTS
Authors: Chesfeeda Akhter  , Gulshan Wani  
Published: October 2024

India is one of the countries with malnutrition and associated health problems. It is also the country with high-level of regional disparity, social hierarchy and inclusive society and is recounted with highest mortality of children of less than 5 years of age with nearly 74 deaths per 1000 live births. As per the reports the hunger and malnutrition among children prevails in large pockets in India. Perusal of literature depicts that 38% of children younger than five years of age in India are stunted. The problem of undernourishment costs India at least $10 billion annually in terms of loss of productivity, illness and death and improvement in human development. ICDS represents the notable symbols of commitment and retort to the above mentioned challenges by providing pre-school education on one hand and simultaneously breaks the nasty cycle of starvation, morbidity, abridged learning capacity and mortality. ICDS hence is believed to be the most imperative and focal progamme with positive role in tackling India’s health and nutrition problems. All the blocks of Jammu and Kashmir are also covered under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme. The programme is implemented through a network of community-level “Anganwadi Centers”. Despite huge allocations by the Central Government through Centrally Sponsored Programme of ICDS in India (especially in rural areas of the state), and under the flagship of this scheme in Jammu and Kashmir, still the growth in basic infrastructure and perfections in amenities/facilities remained unsatisfactory. The National Educational Policy 2020 guarantee to meet UN Sustainable Development Goal Target 4.2 by 2030 and ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality pre-primary education provide opportunities to safeguard impartial access to quality pre-school education. The main theme of this review is to attract the attention with the fact that there must be emphasis more on the significance of the scheme at various platforms. It is the time to evaluate the actual position of the scheme with respect to its execution at the ground level with specified objectives. Also our focus here is to inform concerned Govt. authorities that new insights and tactics cum methodologies need to be developed with respect to inclusive facts to broaden its implementation along with remedial steps to remove the imperfection.
A REVIEW OF THE SOL-GEL PROCESS AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Subhayu Choudhury  
Published: October 2024

The sol-gel process has been very useful to produce nanomaterials using different precursors since the early days. Precursors like metal alkoxide or organic/inorganic hybrids are dissolved in alcohol or water and converted into gel after alcoholysis or hydrolysis. The low temperature and low cost of the sol-gel technique make it more convenient than other methods. In comparison to other method, it has good control over the homogeneity of the particles. This process is very much used in ceramics, composites, thin film coating, and other industrial purposes. This review is a study about the process and application of sol-gel-derived materials. The historical point of view of this process is also explained in this review.
SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY IS ALSO FAILED TO EXPLAIN NULL RESULT OF MICHELSON AND MORLEY EXPERIMENT
Authors: Dharam Vir Singh  
Published: October 2024

Michelson and Morley conducted an experiment in the year 1887 to measure the speed of earth in luminiferous aether. In this experiment Michelson’s interferometer was used in which two waves are superimposed to generate interference fringes. Keeping in view known velocity of earth around the sun a fringe shift of 0.44 fringe was expected on the rotation of interferometer at an angle of 900, but surprisingly no fringe shift was observed. The experiment was conducted so many times and at so many places but always null results were obtained. The null result of MMX could not be explained by classical mechanics. A number of explanations for null results were submitted but no one was found to be correct. George Fitzerald and Hendrick Lorentz proposed length contraction hypothesis in the direction of motion of earth, but it was also rejected being an adhoc hypothesis. Albert Einstein submitted his famous theory “The special theory of relativity” in the year 1905. The second postulate of the STR states that speed of light is constant in all directions of inertial frames of reference irrespective of motion of source of light or the observer and states that no luminiferous aether exist as a medium, light waves do not require any medium to propagate. As light travels with constant velocity in both the arms of interferometer irrespective of motion of interferometer and there involves no time difference between the two rays hence null results of MMX were explained by special theory of relativity.
Michelson and Morley experiment is based on the wave nature of light. In such experiments wavefront of light plays very important role but behaviour of wavefront of light was not taken into consideration while deriving the time taken by the light rays in the arms of interferometer due to motion of earth resulting into wrong derivation of time. The present article describes the principle and realization of role of wavefront of light in MMX. The time taken by light rays in the arms of the interferometer due to motion of earth depends upon the behaviour of wavefront of light. It has been established by results of Fizeau experiment and steller aberration of light that speed of light is not effected by velocity of moving medium. The derivation of time has been worked out keeping in view constancy of speed of light, wavefront of light and laws of reflection of light according to Huygen’s principle.
Contrary to earlier beliefs the Lorentz length contraction hypothesis is not able to explain the null results of MMX. In the light of new facts it is established that there is no difference between theorectical results derived by classical mechanics and special theory of relativity. Special theory of relativity is also failed to explain the null result of MMX.
The null result of Michelson and Morley experiment has again become a perplexing question for physicists.
From bibliography to understanding: water microbiology and human health
Authors: Chen Shan , Ding Yuanzhao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Water is crucial for human health, yet its microbial composition bears significant ecological and health implications. This research utilizes bibliographic methodology, amalgamating data from the Web of Science, and the VOSviewer software to scrutinize a selection of 1,000 seminal articles. It comprehensively delineates (1) the pivotal microorganisms prevailing in aquatic settings, (2) the intricate mechanisms through which microorganisms wield influence over water quality, and (3) the multifaceted repercussions on human health and well-being stemming from these microorganisms. Through this scholarly exploration, the paper illuminates the intricate interplay between water, microorganisms, and human health, providing valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and health practitioners. Understanding these dynamics is of paramount importance for maintaining both the ecological balance of aquatic systems and safeguarding the health of communities reliant on these resources. This study thus contributes to a deeper comprehension of the intricate relationship between water quality, microorganisms, and human health.
Analysis of water losses in seven small and medium-sized water distribution networks in the south region of Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Dang Mvongo Victor , Defo Celestin , Nguema Paul Fabrice , Efon Boniface , Ondigui Mbeyi Jeanne Gabriella 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper analyzes and evaluates water losses in seven small and medium-sized water supply networks (WSN) in the south region of Cameroon. Data was obtained from the regional delegation of Camwater for the south region and analyzed using a variety of indices, including the failure intensity index, the unit coefficient of water loss, the real leakage balance (RLB) index, the non-revenue water index (NRW), and the infrastructure leakage index (ILI). Results indicate that the cumulative volume of NRW in all the WSN was 7.3 million m3, which costs the water utility about 2.4 billion FCFA (or 4.4 million USD). The failure intensity index didn't perform well for all the WSN, ranging from 0.77 to 30.07 failures/km/year, leading to the conclusion that the WSN studied are not technically in good condition. Only the Ambam WSN performed well in terms of unit water loss. Findings also indicate that the RLB didn't perform well in all the WSNs, ranging from 27.31 to 2,916.30 L per connection per day. The ILI ranged from 0.02 to 122.65, showing that there is a need for better pressure management, active leakage control, and network maintenance. However, the data used in this study were weak and of low reliability, so the figures shown are just ‘guesstimates.’
Nickel (II) removal from real electroplating wastewater in an electrocoagulation reactor: parametric optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Mahtab Md Azam , Bari Asma , Khan Salman , Ahteshaam Mohd , Khan Saif Ullah , Farooqi Izharul Haq 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Electrocoagulation (EC) process was successfully applied and optimized for the removal of nickel (Ni) from real electroplating wastewater to achieve higher removal efficiency with low energy consumption. In the present study, an electrocoagulation reactor employing iron electrodes was set up for the experimental work. Response surface methodology (RSM) for a four-factorial central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effects of process parameters on removal efficiency and energy consumption. Maximum Ni(II) removal efficiency of 95.16% was attained on optimization at an applied current of 0.31 A, an initial nickel concentration of 10 ppm, an application time of 18 min, and a pH of 7 along with the energy consumption of 0.443 Wh/g. With the help of the obtained three-dimensional (3D) plots, the interaction between the process variables was evaluated. By analysing the variance (ANOVA), the generated models were successfully validated.
A Liquid Band-Aid with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Wound Healing in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wei-Yuan , Meng Tian-Jiao , Hu Jia , Wen Li , Du Li , Cheng Xiao-Chen , Wang Li-Sheng , Xiao Feng-Jun , Lu Yu-Xin 
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective:
This study aimed to examine the effect of a human umbilical
cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (hUC-MSC-Exo) liquid band-aid on wound healing
in mice.

Methods:
hUC-MSC-Exos were prepared from the supernatant via ion exchange chromatography.
The composition ratio of the chitosan liquid band-aid was optimized to form a film and
encapsulate hUC-MSC-Exo. The biological effects of chitosan exosome liquid band-aid on human
umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed, and its anti-bacterial properties
were tested. BALB/c mice with back skin injury were randomly divided into chitosan exosome
liquid band-aid group (CS-Exo), chitosan liquid band-aid group (CS), and normal saline control
group (Con), and wound healing was evaluated post-treatment. Skin tissue samples posttreatment
were collected for H&E staining.

Results:
The hUC-MSC-Exo was prepared and characterized. The optimum conditions for film
formation were 1% chitosan solution and 15% poloxamer 407/poloxamer 188 (pH 5.0 ~ 7.0).
The chitosan exosome liquid band-aid promoted HUVEC proliferation and migration and markedly
inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth in vitro. In vivo, the wound
healing rate in the CS-Exo group was higher than that in the Con and CS groups. Fourteen days
post-treatment, the wounds completely healed, and hair grew normally, which was consistent
with H&E results. Mouse weights in each group did not change significantly after administration,
indicating that the chitosan exosome liquid band-aid had no obvious toxic side effects.

Conclusion:
Local chitosan exosome liquid band-aid application can promote wound healing in
mice, and the mechanism could be related to hUC-MSC-Exo-induced vascular endothelial cell
proliferation and migration.
Signaling Pathways (TNF-α-NF-κB, TLR2-TLR4 as well as ROS-MDA) and Cardiac Damages during Cardiac Surgeries (Coronary Stenting, Permanent Pacemaker Implantations, Radiofrequency Ablations)
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Yongjuan , Zhou Hualan , Hu Youdong , Chen Ying , Guo Dianxuan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The mutual activations of multiple signaling pathways are the key factors
in the development and progression of myocardial cell injuries.

Objective:
This research aimed to compare the different degrees of myocardial injury after coronary
stenting, permanent pacemaker implantations, or cardiac radiofrequency ablation and to investigate
the effects of the mutual activation of TNF-α/NF-κB, TLR2/TLR4, and ROS/MDA signaling
pathways on myocardial injury in elderly patients after coronary stents or permanent pacemakers
or radiofrequency ablation.

Methods:
We determined reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor
2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-
α (TNF-α) and high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) as markers of myocardial injury in
patients.

Results:
The levels of ROS, MDA, TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and hs-cTnT were increased in
patients with permanent pacemaker implantations when compared to patients with cardiac radiofrequency
ablation (P < 0.01) at 6 months and were further increased in patients with coronary stenting
compared to patients with cardiac radiofrequency ablation and permanent pacemaker implantations
at 6 months, respectively (P < 0.01). This research confirmed that ROS, MDA, TLR2, TLR4,
NF-κB, and TNF-α predicted myocardial injury severity.

Conclusion:
Oxidative stress (ROS/MDA signaling pathway) may be linked to immune response
(TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway) and pro-inflammatory response (TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway)
in myocardial injury, and ROS/MDA signaling may play a dominant role.
Structural Investigation and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of 2-6-Dimethoxy-4-((2-Nitrophenylimin)Methyl) Phenol
Authors: Inac Hasan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The reaction between 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyenzaldehyde and 2-ni-troaniline has been discovered, and the final product has been identified such as 2-6-dimethoxy-4-((2-nitrophenylimin)methyl)phenol (C1).

Materials and Methods:
X-ray diffraction examination per-formed on a single crystal provided conclusive evidence regarding the structure. Crystallography reveals that the two molecules A and B that were enclosed within the asymmetric unit are struc-turally distinct from one another. C-H·O, N-H·O, and O-H·O bonding is primarily respon-sible for the crystal packing stability. H-O and off-set stacking interactions also contribute to the crystal packing's overall stability.

Results:
To do further research into the intermolecular interactions, the Hirshfeld surface analysis technique is utilized. It is possible to determine the partiality of the interatomic contacts to create crystal packing interactions by computing the improvement ratio for those contacts. In addition, computational research is carried out with the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) model to determine the amount of energy that is required for molecular pairs to interact.

Conclusion:
The study concluded the roles those different kinds of interaction energy play in maintaining the stability of the molecular pair.
The Five Times Sit to Stand Test as a Tool to Assess Disability and Physical Capacity after Hospitalization for COVID-19
Authors: Kchaou Khouloud , Barkous Balsam , Rejeb Hadhemi , Chakroun Sahar , Chaker Asma , Jameleddine Saloua Ben Khamsa 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Assessment of exercise tolerance should be an integral part of the follow-
up of COVID-19 survivors.

Objective:
We aimed in this study to investigate the correlation between the 5 Times Sit to Stand
Test (5STST) and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and to determine their place in assessing exercise
tolerance and disability in COVID-19 survivors.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study that included 201 survivors of COVID-19. All patients
underwent a detailed medical questionnaire, assessment of disability by the Lawton scale, and sub-
-maximal exercise tolerance by 6MWT and 5STST. Our study population was divided into two
groups based on the Length of Hospital Stay (LHS) (<10 or ≥10 days).

Results:
Compared with the group with a LHS < 10 days, the group with prolonged LHS (≥10
days) had a significantly greater mean value of 5STST. In contrast, the mean values of 6-minute
Walk Distance (6MWD) and Minimal Oxygen Saturation (MOS) were significantly lower. A significant
correlation of 5STST with Lawton score (r = -0.373; p < 0.0001) and 6MWD (r = -0.563;
p < 0.0001) was also found.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that the 5STST was correlated with the 6MWD and Lawton
score. Hence, it could be proposed to assess physical capacity and disability, especially in patients
who had a prolonged LHS for COVID-19.