bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted mRNA delivery with bispecific antibodies that tether LNPs to cell-surface markers
Authors: Dietmair Bettina , Humphries James , Mercer Timothy R. , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Howard Christopher B. , Cheetham Seth W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient delivery of mRNA-LNPs to specific cell-types remains a major challenge in the widespread application of mRNA therapeutics. Conventional targeting approaches involve modifying the lipid composition or functionalising the surface of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which complicates manufacturing, alters nanoparticle size, charge and stealth, impacting their delivery and immunogenicity. Here we present a generalisable method for targeted mRNA-LNP delivery that uses bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to form a bridge between LNPs and cell-surface markers. Instead of attaching the targeting agent to the nanocarrier, BsAbs are administered first, bind to surface proteins on target cells, and later retain unmodified LNPs in affected tissues. We demonstrate efficient and cell-type-specific delivery of mRNA-LNPs to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and folate hydrolase 1 (PSMA) positive cellsin vitroandin vivo. The flexibility of this technology, achieved by substitution of the cell-targeting region of the BsAbs, enables rapid development of next-generation targeted mRNA drugs.
HP1a promotes chromatin liquidity and drives spontaneous heterochromatin compartmentalization
Authors: Brennan Lucy , Kim Hyeong-Ku , Colmenares Serafin , Ego Tatum , Ryu Je-Kyung , Karpen Gary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompartmentalization of the nucleus into heterochromatin and euchromatin is highly conserved across eukaryotes. Constitutive heterochromatin (C-Het) constitutes a liquid-like condensate that packages the repetitive regions of the genome through the enrichment of histone modification H3K9me3 and recruitment of its cognate reader protein Heterochromatin Protein-1 (HP1a). The ability for well-ordered nucleosome arrays and HP1a to independently form biomolecular condensates suggests that the emergent material properties of C-Het compartments may contribute to its functions such as force-buffering, dosage-dependent gene silencing, and selective permeability. Using anin vitroreconstitution system we directly assess the contributions of H3K9me3 and HP1a on the biophysical properties of C-Het. In the presence of HP1a, H3K9me3 (Me-) and unmodified (U-) chromatin form co-condensates composed of distinct, immiscible domains. These chromatin domains form spontaneously and are reversible. Independently of HP1a, H3K9me3 modifications are sufficient to increase linker-DNA length within chromatin arrays and slow chromatin condensate growth. HP1a increases the liquidity of chromatin condensates while dramatically differentiating the viscoelastic properties of Me-chromatin versus U-chromatin. Mutating key residues in HP1a show that HP1a interactions with itself and chromatin determine the relative interfacial tension between chromatin compartments, however the formation of condensates is driven by the underlying chromatin. These direct measurements map the energetic landscape that determines C-Het compartmentalization, demonstrating that nuclear compartmentalization is a spontaneous and energetically favorable process in which HP1a plays a critical role in establishing a hierarchy of affinities between H3K9me3-chromatin and unmodified-chromatin.Highlights⍰ HP1a is necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin compartmentalization.⍰ Heterochromatin compartmentalization is reversible and proceeds through microphase-separation.⍰ H3K9me3 is sufficient to change nucleosome-array dynamics and mesoscale material properties.⍰ HP1a increases chromatin liquidity.⍰ HP1a-chromatin interaction modes tune the interfacial tensions and morphologies of heterochromatin compartments.
Hydrogen energy levels from the anomalous energy-momentum QED trace
Authors: Eides Michael I. 
Published: October 2024

Energy levels of hydrogen are calculated as one-loop matrix elements of the QED energy-momentum tensor trace in the external field approximation. An explicit connection established between the one-loop trace diagrams and the standard Lamb shift one-loop diagrams. Our calculations provide an argument against inclusion of the anomalous trace contribution as a separate term in the decomposition of the QED quantum field Hamiltonian and serve as an illustration how the trace anomaly is realized in the bound state QED.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Does work overload of odd-job platform workers lead to turnover intention? An empirical study on platform workers
Authors: Liu Shan , Xu Guang , Zhong Jie , Xu Yuling 
Published: October 2024

PurposeAgainst the background of the digital economy, odd-job platforms rely on artificial intelligence algorithms to efficiently allocate tasks and monitor platform workers’ performance, putting these workers under enormous pressure. This paper explores the relationship between work overload and turnover intention of platform workers on odd-job platforms and the factors that lead to platform workers’ turnover.Design/methodology/approachBased on the job demands–resources model (JD-R), we construct a theoretical model to explain the relationship between work overload and turnover intention of platform workers. We test job burnout as a mediator variable and perceived algorithmic fairness and job autonomy as moderating variables. We conducted a study at food delivery platforms and ride-hailing platforms in China.FindingsThe empirical results show that: (1) work overload increases the turnover intention of platform workers by increasing job burnout and (2) perceived algorithmic fairness and job autonomy moderate the positive relationship between work overload and job burnout.Originality/valueWe provide a theoretical basis to explain the influence of work overload on turnover intention of odd-job platform workers and provide practical recommendations for management of platform workers.
Does it pay to be angry in intercultural negotiations: depends on the power and personality orientation of the counterpart
Authors: Bertram Steffen , Sharma Revti Raman 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThough anger as an emotion is an important determinant of negotiation outcomes, the extant literature presents mixed and contradictory findings. We propose that the effect of anger in intercultural negotiations depends on the power and personality orientation of the counterpart negotiators.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from 429 working professionals in the USA, we conducted two experimental studies in which they responded to an angry Chinese counterpart.FindingsWe find that the intercultural negotiation outcomes depend on the three-way interaction between anger, power and personality orientation. Our findings suggest that US action-oriented negotiators conceded more in a high-power condition than in a low-power condition while responding to an angry Chinese counterpart, while US state-oriented negotiators showed no difference in concession size regardless of their power and counterpart’s anger.Originality/valueOur work is unique in establishing three-way interactive effects of power, personality and emotions in intercultural negotiation outcome relationships. Our findings are specific to an intercultural negotiation context consisting of negotiators from low-status, low-power-distance countries (e.g. the USA) with their counterparts from high-status, high-power-distance countries (e.g. China).
Is remittance cost a driver of trade misinvoicing? A case study of Vietnam
Authors: Tran Quang Phu 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of remittance costs on trade-based money laundering (TBML) and provide insights into the relationship between remittance costs and TBML, particularly focusing on import over-invoicing and low-income trade partners.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing an extended gravity model for TBML, bilateral data from Vietnam spanning 2011 to 2019 are analyzed to examine the correlation between remittance costs and TBML.FindingsThe study reveals a positive association between remittance costs and TBML, highlighting the significance of reducing remittance costs to curb TBML.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by the availability of data and focuses solely on Vietnam, implying potential variations in other contexts.Practical implicationsPolicymakers should consider reducing remittance costs as a strategy to combat TBML effectively.Social implicationsLowering remittance costs could contribute to the prevention of illicit financial activities, fostering economic stability and social development.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insights into the relationship between remittance costs and TBML, offering valuable implications for policy formulation and anti-money laundering (ML) efforts.
CEO AI orientation, human resources and green innovation: an attention-based view
Authors: Wang Xu , Wu Weiwei 
Published: October 2024

PurposeWith the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology permeating various sectors, corporate management has increasingly directed their focus toward AI-driven innovation. Particularly, in response to escalating environmental standards, chief executive officers (CEOs) of manufacturing companies are turning to AI as a strategic tool to address challenges in green innovation. This paper aims to reveal the complex relationship between CEO AI orientation and green innovation through the attention-based view. Furthermore, it seeks to explore strategies to enhance corporate green innovation leveraging CEO AI orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses computer-assisted text analysis to extract data from annual reports of listed Chinese manufacturing companies and assesses them using negative binomial regression.FindingsThe empirical findings indicate the inverted U-shaped relationship between CEO orientation and green innovation. Initial green innovation performance increases with CEO AI orientation, reaching a peak before declining. Moreover, as CEO AI orientation increases, companies with higher levels of human resource slack are likely to reach the peak of green innovation earlier.Originality/valueFirstly, this paper introduces CEO AI orientation as a novel factor within the framework of the attention-based view for understanding green innovation. Secondly, the study investigates both the benefit effect and the cost effect (resource constraints) of CEO AI orientation on green innovation, examining the inverted U-shaped relationship between CEO orientation and green innovation. Thirdly, this paper explores the moderating effect of human resource slack on the relationship between CEO AI orientation and green innovation, setting the boundaries of CEO AI orientation’s impact on green innovation.
Bounded subadditivity in management decisions
Authors: Belle Nicola , Cantarelli Paola , Belardinelli Paolo 
Published: October 2024

PurposeAs subjects irrationally perceive probability changes as more impactful when shifting an event from impossible to possible or from possible to certain, compared to increasing the likelihood of an already possible event, this study examines how workers process success probabilities and whether their resource allocation decisions are distorted by bounded subadditivity.Design/methodology/approachWe conduct an online randomized experiment with 3,980 employees.FindingsWe detect a certainty effect (upper subadditivity), whereby professionals are willing to devote a disproportionate number of hours to a project when their contribution transforms the success of the initiative from possible to certain rather than increasing the likelihood of success by the same percentage points. We find no evidence of the possibility effect (lower subadditivity), whereby workers would devote a disproportionate effort when their contribution turns a sure failure into a possible success rather than simply increasing the likelihood of success by the same percentage points. We observe a rational tendency to try harder for a greater increase in the probability of success, but only far from the limits of the probability spectrum and not close to the limits.Originality/valueAttempts to understand bounded subadditivity in management decisions have been incomplete. We disentangle two real-world variables and offer a more refined operationalization.
Fabrication of a flexible inner prosthetic socket via the FGM technique
Authors: Al-Araji Inas Zaki Hadi , Satgunam Meenaloshini A/P , Abd Manap Abreeza Noorlina Bt , Resan Kadhim K. , Muhammad Ahmed K. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to fabricate a flexible inner socket with enhanced stiffness and hardness distribution by using the functional gradient method (FGM). The FGM technique can improve the comfort and flexibility of amputees through the use of a socket that is built via the direct method.

Design/methodology/approach
Six flexible inner socket samples were fabricated with varying weight fractions of rice husk ash-to-silicone rubber. The tensile strength and hardness of each sample were assessed. Then, numerical analyses were conducted using SOLIDWORKS software to evaluate the pressure distribution on the inner and outer layers of the flexible socket.

Findings
The hardness and stiffness of the fabricated flexible inner socket gradually increased with the weight ratio of rice husk ash-to-silicone rubber, so when it was in contact with the skin, it approximated the stiffness and hardness of the skin to ensure comfort, and when reaching a higher value in the socket contact layer, it prevented penetration through the flexible inner socket. In addition, the pressure distribution at the external layer of the flexible inner socket has improved.

Research limitations/implications
A budget of US$500 limited the research to create a flexible inner socket that keeps the socket from penetrating the skin.

Practical implications
The FGM technique created a flexible inner socket that balances hardness and stiffness to ensure comfort and prevent wounds for its users, lower limb amputees. The commercial value resides in the accessibility of a secure and comfortable flexible inner socket for amputees worldwide, enabling them to overcome the issue of excessive stiffness typically associated with sockets made using the direct method.

Originality/value
This study introduces the use of FGM to fabricate a flexible inner prosthetic socket with enhanced stiffness and hardness distribution. The approach of using varying weight fractions of rice husk ash-to-silicone rubber to improve the comfort and flexibility of prosthetic sockets is a novel contribution to the field. Given the high stiffness of flexible internal sockets and their ability to maintain flexibility in the part in contact with the skin, such sockets manufactured using this method prevent pain and skin ulcers that previously occurred when sockets are manufactured via the direct method.
Local regulations for the use of artificial intelligence in the management of public records – a literature review
Authors: Svärd Proscovia , Guerrero Esteban , Balogun Tolulope , Saurombe Nampombe , Jacobs Lorette , Henttonen Pekka 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study investigated the regulatory landscape surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of e-government development. The purpose of this article is to identify record-keeping challenges, opportunities and weaknesses that emerge from AI loose regulation. The research focuses on Sweden, Finland and South Africa, examining the interplay between existing guidelines, recommendations and legal structures at various levels.

Design/methodology/approach
The research adopted comprehensive systematic and scoping literature reviews, encompassing academic papers, reports and legal documents, along with an analysis of non-academic sources relevant to the study. This methodological approach helped to obtain a deep understanding of the evolving AI regulatory frameworks.

Findings
There is currently limited research that focuses on the impact AI deployment has on the management of critical records in government administrations. Also, the findings reveal that AI regulatory environment varies from country to country. The European Union stands as a noteworthy example of a comprehensive framework for AI governance. In contrast, South Africa, while at its infancy stage, demonstrates potential initiatives and policies at different levels. There is emphasis on the need to focus on co-operation, skills development and uniform regulatory frameworks.

Practical implications
This research holds significant practical implications for policymakers, government bodies and stakeholders involved in AI governance. It emphasizes how crucial it is to incorporate AI alongside a solid records management system. The study advocates for strategic investments in education and skills development to enable individuals to navigate the complexities of AI governance.

Originality/value
This research adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing an examination of AI legislation in e-government in the context of public records management. The analysis helps to review literature and other research materials across different geographical areas. The study explores the distinctive strategies used by Sweden, Finland and South Africa. The recommendations offer policymakers and stakeholders suggestions on how to foster effective AI governance and innovation in the public sector but at the same time manage public records effectively.
Space‐for‐time substitution misleads projections of plant community and stand‐structure development after disturbance in a slow‐growing environment
Authors: Kreyling Juergen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Understanding and projecting ecosystem dynamics is a key goal for both basic science and applied ecosystem management. In ecosystems dominated by long‐lived organisms such as forests, space‐for‐time substitutions (SFT) inferring temporal development from observations of study objects differing in age across space at a given time, also called chronosequences, are widely used as an alternative approach for long‐term monitoring, in particular to understand forest dynamics after stand‐replacing disturbances. Uncertainties and challenges of SFT substitution, however, arise from violations of the underlying assumption that everything but time since disturbance is identical among the spatial sampling sites. Direct comparisons between true time series and SFT substitutions are still surprisingly rare.

I resampled a 20‐year‐old SFT substitution study to check if this method accurately projects vegetation changes after major disturbances in primary subalpine conifer forests, and to evaluate its conclusions for forest management. Two decades and a spatial scale of about 600 km2 constitutes spatial and temporal conditions for which little empirical evidence for the validity of SFT substitution exists.

SFT suggested a strong shift away from old‐growth plant community compositions after clearcutting with, misleadingly, no trend back over two decades. True temporal development, however, differed significantly from this expectation as it showed a directional trend back towards old‐growth plant community compositions after the initial displacement. Compositional recovery is predicted to take 100–200 years in the studied ecosystem. Accordingly, several late seral forest floor herbs and bryophytes were still missing completely even 50 years after clearcutting.

Synthesis. Non‐constant climate, species pools and management actions compromise the ability to reliably project temporal dynamics in plant community composition and stand structure by space‐for‐time substitutions, likely also for other scenarios than the studied subalpine conifer forests after stand‐replacing disturbance. Long‐term monitoring therefore is indispensable for understanding ecosystem dynamics, in particular in slow‐growing and stressful environments. Management needs to consider the slow regeneration in its planning of rotation times and is advised to monitor and retain species indicative of old‐growth conditions at the landscape level.
What explains changes in grape varietal mixes in Australia's wine regions?
Authors: Puga German , Anderson Kym 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn an ever‐more‐competitive global beverage market, vignerons compete for the attention of consumers by trying to differentiate their wine from others while also responding to technological advances, climate change and evolving demand patterns. In doing so, they highlight their regional and varietal distinctiveness while keeping an eye on changes in consumer preferences for different varieties. This paper examines and seeks to explain the extent to which winegrape varietal mixes vary across regions and over time within Australia and relative to the rest of the world. It reports changes in indices of similarity across regions and indices of concentration in the winegrape varietal mix within regions. Nationally, the varietal mix has become less differentiated and closer to that of France and the world as a whole. However, individual regions within Australia are becoming more concentrated in their mix of varieties and more differentiated from other Australian regions. We estimate supply response models based on a Nerlovian adaptive profit expectations and partial acreage adjustment framework. These models do not provide insights into many of the variables influencing vignerons' planting decisions, but they help explain recent changes in varietal mixes. The results suggest that changes in varietal mixes are more motivated by expected revenues than by what may work best based on the climate of each region. In the wake of climate change and global wine demand premiumising, some Australian vignerons may find their region is too warm for producing high‐quality wine with the winegrape varieties planted there.
Birth Outcomes After Pertussis and Influenza Diagnosed in Pregnancy: A Retrospective, Population‐Based Study
Authors: Frawley Jane E. , He Wen‐Qiang , McCallum Lisa , McIntyre Peter , Hayen Andrew , Gidding Heather , Sullivan Elizabeth , Liu Bette 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAdverse birth outcomes and the maternal severity of influenza in pregnancy are well documented but information on pertussis is limited.DesignPopulation‐based linkage data were collected during 2001–2016.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.Population or SampleA total of 1 453 037 singleton births.MethodsCox regression was used to estimate the associations between pertussis or influenza during pregnancy and birth outcomes with adjustment of covariates.Main Outcome MeasuresAdverse birth outcomes (preterm birth and low birth weight).ResultsAmong 1 453 037 singleton births over 16 years, we identified pertussis in 925 (49; 5.3% hospitalised) and influenza in 2850 (1092; 38.3% hospitalised) women during pregnancy. Cases of pertussis were similarly distributed by trimester (32% 3rd) whereas 46% of influenza cases were in the 3rd trimester. Younger age, previous birth, and being overseas‐born were associated with both pertussis and influenza, whereas identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, hypertension or diabetes before and during pregnancy, and a number of other factors were only associated with influenza. Both pertussis and influenza in pregnancy were associated with increased risk of preterm birth (pertussis: aHR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.68; influenza: aHR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.36–1.79) and these increased risks were greater when infections in the period within 2 weeks of birth were considered (pertussis: aHR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.26–4.41; influenza: aHR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.78–2.96).ConclusionsMaternal pertussis and influenza infections close to the time of birth were associated with adverse birth outcomes. These findings highlight the benefits of vaccination during pregnancy.