bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Butorphanol as an Adjuvant to Epidural Analgesia for Rib Fractures
Authors: Belekar Virendrakumar , Jain Vaibhav 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Pain management via epidural catheters have emerged as an optimal method of pain control in patients with rib fractures (RF). This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of butorphanol in this subset of patients.
Materials and methods: Sixty patients were randomly allocated in two groups R (ropivacaine only) and B (ropivacaine with butorphanol). Group R patients received 0.2% ropivacaine epidurally (10 mL) while group B patients received 0.2% ropivacaine and 1 mg butorphanol epidurally (10 mL). Baseline respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), visual analog score (VAS), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) were noted in both the groups.
Results: There was significant increase in duration of analgesia and nonsignificant reduction in VAS score in group B, and nonsignificant decrease in invasive ventilation cases and significant reduction in length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in group B. There were no significant adverse effects in both the groups except for nausea in group B.
Conclusion: Butorphanol as an adjuvant to epidural analgesia leads to better oxygenation, decrease in length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation without increase in significant side effects.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Bladder
Authors: Juneja Rohit , Veerendra H 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare benign lesion found in many locations throughout the body and genitourinary tract. In bladder, being very uncommon, it arises from submucosal stroma as a polypoidal growth, and is easily mistaken for a malignant neoplasm—both clinically and radiologically. Essential criteria for the diagnosis of IMT are spindle myoepithelial cell proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Here, we report a case of a 29-year-old male who presented with painless gross hematuria for 3 days. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the tumor and the final pathological diagnosis was IMT of the bladder.
Liquid-supported Dentures: A Boon for Atrophic Ridges
Authors: Nimonkar Sharayu , Belkhode Vikram , Nimonkar Pranali , Sathe Seema , Godbole Surekha 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProsthetic rehabilitation of atrophic ridges is always a challenging task, since treatment modalities, such as ridge augmentation and implant-retained complete dentures are not always feasible due to health reasons, cost factor, etc. This article describes a case report of constructing a liquid-supported denture using a simple, innovative laboratory procedure, which provides a soft tissue surface as compared with conventional complete dentures and added comfort to underlying tissues. It helps in preservation of residual ridge resorption by optimal distribution of masticatory forces and gives adequate retention stability and support.
Autoimmune Hepatitis and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Junejo Shoaib , Tuli Sandeep 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown etiology. It affects the organ systems in the body, and is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in the involved organs. The most common manifestation is bilateral hilar adenopathy along with skin, joint, and eye lesions. Here, we discuss an unusual manifestation of sarcoidosis along with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
Case report: We report the case of a 33-year-old African American female presented with two-day history of progressive jaundice and deranged Liver function test (LFTs) the autoimmune work up was positive for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) 1:640 and anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA) 1:160, The serum Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level was elevated 299 U/L; a right upper quadrant ultrasound revealed a mildly enlarged liver, subsequent CT chest and CT abdomen enlarged paratracheal and subcarinal adenopathy periportal edema in the liver and numerous small hypodense nodules in the spleen. Subsequent liver biopsy showed chronic, non-granulomatous, portal and parenchymal inflammation that was compatible with Autoimmune Hepatitis. Bronchoscopy with transbroncial biopsy revealed chronic, non-caseating granulomatous inflammation that was consistence with sarcoidosis. Thus the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and AIH. The patient was started on Prednisone 60 mg daily, with subsequent reduction to 15 mg. The serum transaminase levels returned to normal level within three months.
Conclusion: This case underscores the significance of association of Sarcoidosis that presented with Autoimmune Hepatitis. Physicians should be aware of this possibility so they may efficiently pick up the diagnosis after relevant investigations and start appropriate management. Timely intervention is key to treat the acute presentation and to prevent the further complications.
Seasonal variations in physical characteristics of aerosol particles at the King Sejong Station, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Kim Jaeseok , Yoon Young Jun , Gim Yeontae , Kang Hyo Jin , Choi Jin Hee , Park Ki-Tae , Lee Bang Yong 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Seasonal variability in the physical characteristics of aerosol particles sampled from the King Sejong Station in the Antarctic Peninsula was investigated over the period between March 2009 and February 2015. Clear seasonal cycles for the total particle concentration (CN) were observed. The mean monthly concentration of particles larger than 2.5 nm (CN2.5) was highest during the austral summer, with an average value of 1080.39 ± 595.05 cm−3, and lowest during the austral winter, with a mean value of 197.26 ± 71.71 cm−3. The seasonal patterns in the concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and CN coincide, with both concentrations being at a minimum in winter and maximum in summer. The measured CCN spectra were approximated by fitting a power-law function relating the number of CCN for a given supersaturation (SS) to each SS value, with fitting coefficients C and kT. The values for C varied from 6.35 to 837.24 cm−3, with a mean of 171.48 ± 62.00 cm−3. The values for kT ranged from 0.07 to 2.19, with a mean of 0.41 ± 0.10. In particular, the kT values during the austral summer were higher than those during the winter, indicating that aerosol particles are more sensitive to SS changes during summer. Furthermore, the annual mean hygroscopicity parameter, κ, was estimated as 0.15 ± 0.05, for a SS of 0.4 %. The effects of the origin and pathway travelled by the air mass on the physical characteristics of the aerosol particles were also determined. The modal diameter of aerosol particles originating in the South Pacific Ocean showed a seasonal variation varying from 0.023 µm in winter to 0.034 µm in summer for the Aitken mode, and from 0.086 µm in winter to 0.109 µm in summer for the accumulation mode.
Evaluation of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Serra Rita , Sellam Alexandre , Coscas Florence , Bruyère Elsa , Sieiro André , Coscas Gabriel J. , Souied Eric H. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in eyes with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) with those of fluorescein angiography (FA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare PCME vascular density values of the SCP and DCP with those of healthy eyes. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 13 eyes (12 patients) with PCME underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity, FA, SD-OCT, and OCT-A. The vascular density of the SCP and DCP were measured using AngioAnalytics software in all PCME eyes and compared with 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. Results: In patients with PCME, at the level of SCP, the mean vascular density in the whole en face image was 44.48 ± 3.61% while it was 50.27 ± 5.30% at the level of the DCP. In contrast, the vascular density in the whole en face image was 50.35 ± 3.22 at the level of SCP while it was 56.15 ± 3.28 at the level of DCP in 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. The vascular density of patients with PCME was significantly lower than in healthy subjects at the SCP (p<0.0001) and at the DCP (p<0.0001). Conclusion: We report the OCT-A appearance of PCME and vascular density map with values that can be easily interpreted for quantitative evaluation of retina perfusion status using OCT-A. This approach might be the first step in helping us fully understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PCME.
This, Too, Shall Pass: Distant Reading a Future in the Ruins of Cormac McCarthy's Postsouthern Novels
Authors: Jackson Joshua Ryan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing Franco Moretti's concept of distant readings, this article frames the novels published after Suttree (1979) as a journey through the ruins of a postsouthern space. As a wide-ranging cluster, the ruins scattered across this space clarify a pattern established in his first four novels and completed in The Road (2006), a pattern that predicts the future end of Western exceptionalist ideologies such as Western Christianity and global capitalism, as well as affirms the universal law: “this, too, shall pass.”
Ethical Guidance from Literature and Mathematics
Authors: Pollard Stephen 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTMathematics can help us pursue morally significant ends more efficiently—but it can do more. It can help us elaborate and clarify those ends themselves. For example, while it is not a mathematical theorem that we should deal fairly with one another, mathematics can teach us how best to understand fairness in cases of real consequence. This enlargement of ethical understanding is a social function mathematics shares with literature. As I explore this point of common interest, I will consider three standards for assessing ethical standards: feasibility (a particular concern of Aristotle), testability (a particular concern of John Dewey), and mathematical tractability.
Sensation, Nominalism, and the Elements of Experience
Authors: Atkins Richard Kenneth 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTCharles Sanders Peirce and Maurice Merleau-Ponty raise the same objection to British empiricism: its foundational tenet—captured in Hume's Copy Principle, that all of our ideas are fainter copies of our impressions—is nominalist. It is not clear what this objection amounts to, however, since the British empiricists are nominalists of one stripe or another. I canvass different ways to construe this objection. Three different construals of it fail. A fourth construal succeeds, but in a way that leaves the foundational tenet of British empiricism intact. The problem is not that the tenet is false (it may be) but that it cannot be adopted as a foundation on which to build a philosophical account of those elements of an experience that are contributed by the world and those that are contributed by the experiencing subject.
Heraclitus, Seaford, and Reversible Exchange
Authors: Kassam Chris , Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
In this article we identify a characteristic pattern of Heraclitus's thought and language, the “figure of reversible exchange.” We suggest that this figure allows Heraclitus to propose an ontological structure consisting of two intersecting circuits of relations: a pre-temporal reversible exchange between Being and Becoming and between One and Many and a temporal reversible exchange within the Many as the very process of Becoming. Against Richard Seaford's interpretation of Heraclitus's thought as a reflection of a new worldview predicated on universal exchange value, the Heraclitus fragments will be read as suggesting that exchange value emerges within rhythms of concrete, temporal use value. We shall argue that this instantiates the wider relation Heraclitus proposes between Being and Becoming.
Raising the Bar – Transformative Ethics and the Example of Christ
Authors: Caldwell Cam , Holloway C. Stewart 
Published: November 2017

Transformative Ethics, a newly established ethical model that incorporates twelve other ethical perspectives, is briefly described in this paper and the life of Jesus Christ is used as a model for that perspective. The paper summarizes the fundamental ideas of each of the twelve widely-accepted ethical perspectives and gives examples that demonstrate behaviors that have application in the individual lives of leaders and others who seek to be trusted by their associates.
Rejecting the Standard Discourse on Métis Lands in Manitoba
Authors: Vermette D'Arcy 
Published: November 2017

This paper challenges the assumptions and interpretative frameworks used by several prominent scholars of Metis history in Manitoba. The scholars were chosen for their prominence in their field and their particiation as expert witnesses in recent litigitation betwen the Crown and the Manitoba Metis. The article demonstrates that the scholarship (dubbed the "standard discourse") is repleat with apologists techniques meant to undermine the impact of government blundering, unsound historical interpretation, an emphasis on individuals as the unit of interpretating history and, in the case of one author, a well-established bias against Aboriginal cultures. The paper serves as a window into understanding the unspoken aspects of the standard discourse. Utimately, it is helpful to recognize that much of the standard discourse is based on preference of the researcher and does not represent an absolute truth in interpretation.
Nitrogen Subsidies in Glacial Meltwater: Implications for High Elevation Aquatic Chains
Authors: Warner K. A. , Saros J. E. , Simon K. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn certain alpine systems, glacially‐fed lakes and streams have nitrate concentrations one to two orders of magnitude higher than lakes and streams fed by snowmelt alone. To better understand how nitrogen subsidies from glacial meltwater propagate down a chain of lakes and streams we assessed the effects of these subsidies in a set of aquatic chains in the central U.S. Rocky Mountains. Algal biomass, algal community assemblage, and nutrient limitation were measured in a chain of lakes and streams fed by glacial meltwater (GSF) and a chain fed by snowmelt alone (SF). Nitrate (
) concentrations in the GSF chain ranged from 228 to 70 μg L−1 declining from the top of the chain to the bottom, while
concentrations in the SF chain were consistently low, < 9 μg L−1. In the glacial chain, both lakes were phosphorus‐limited; the strength of this limitation signal weakened down the chain, with the lake at the bottom showing secondary nitrogen and phosphorus colimitation. In the snowmelt chain, lakes were colimited with no change in strength down the chain. Algal biomass averaged 2.6 μg L−1 and 7.3 μg m−2 in SF lakes and streams and 5.4 μg L−1 and 9.2 μg m−2 in GSF lakes and streams. Phytoplankton and periphyton communities in the GSF chain were more homogeneous compared to the SF chain. Our results indicate nutrient subsidies in glacial meltwaters can propagate down aquatic chains and alter nutrient limitation patterns and algal communities compared to SF systems, creating heterogeneous patterns across the landscape.
P and S Wave Receiver Function Imaging of Subduction With Scattering Kernels
Authors: Hansen S. M. , Schmandt B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA method for scattered wave imaging in 3‐D with both teleseismic P and S wave receiver function data is introduced. The approach relies on body‐wave scattering kernels that are derived from the adjoint data sensitivity kernels which are typically used for full waveform tomography. The forward problem is approximated using ray theory, yielding a computationally efficient imaging algorithm that can resolve dipping and discontinuous interfaces using both P and S wave receiver functions. Traveltime fields for the incident teleseismic arrivals and the receiver point‐sources are obtained by solving the Eikonal equation using a Fast Marching code which can handle a 3‐D reference velocity model. An energy stable finite‐difference method is used to simulate elastic wave propagation in a 2‐D hypothetical subduction zone model. The resulting synthetic P and S wave receiver function data sets are used to validate the imaging method. The kernel images are compared with those generated by the Generalized Radon Transform and Common Conversion Point Stacking methods. These results demonstrate the potential of the kernel imaging approach for constraining lithospheric structure in complex geologic environments with sufficiently dense recordings of teleseismic data. Potential imaging targets include short‐wavelength compositional variations in the mantle wedge and the slab's lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary.
A Model of Icebergs and Sea Ice in a Joint Continuum Framework
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Holland David M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ice mélange, a mixture of sea ice and icebergs, often present in front of outlet glaciers in Greenland or ice shelves in Antarctica, can have a profound effect on the dynamics of the ice‐ocean system. The current inability to numerically model the ice mélange motivates a new modeling approach proposed here. A continuum sea‐ice model is taken as a starting point and icebergs are represented as thick and compact pieces of sea ice held together by large tensile and shear strength, selectively introduced into the sea‐ice rheology. In order to modify the rheology correctly, an iceberg tracking procedure is implemented within a semi‐Lagrangian time‐stepping scheme, designed to exactly preserve iceberg shape through time. With the proposed treatment, sea ice and icebergs are considered a single fluid with spatially varying rheological properties. Mutual interactions are thus automatically included without the need for further parametrization. An important advantage of the presented framework for an ice mélange model is its potential to be easily included within sea‐ice components of existing climate models.
Features of Upward Positive Leaders Initiated From Towers in Natural Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Based on Simultaneous High‐Speed Videos, Measured Currents, and Electric Fields
Authors: Visacro Silverio , Guimaraes Miguel , Murta Vale Maria Helena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOriginal simultaneous records of currents, close electric field, and high‐speed videos of natural negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning striking the tower of Morro do Cachimbo Station are used to reveal typical features of upward positive leaders before the attachment, including their initiation and mode of propagation. According to the results, upward positive leaders initiate some hundreds of microseconds prior to the return stroke, while a continuous uprising current of about 4 A and superimposed pulses of a few tens amperes flow along the tower. Upon leader initiation, the electric field measured 50 m away from the tower at ground level is about 60 kV/m. The corresponding average field roughly estimated 0.5 m above the tower top is higher than 0.55 MV/m. As in laboratory experiments, the common propagation mode of upward positive leaders is developing continuously, without steps, from their initiation. Unlike downward negative leaders, upward positive leaders typically do not branch off, though they can bifurcate under the effect of a downward negative leader's secondary branch approaching their lateral surface. The upward positive leader's estimated average two‐dimensional propagation speed, in the range of 0.06 × 106 to 0.16 × 106 m/s, has the same order of magnitude as that of downward negative leaders. Apparently, the speed tends to increase just before attachment.
Role of Soil Thermal Inertia in Surface Temperature and Soil Moisture‐Temperature Feedback
Authors: Cheruy F. , Dufresne J. L. , Aït Mesbah S. , Grandpeix J. Y. , Wang F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA conceptual model based on the surface energy budget is developed to compute the sensitivity of the climatological mean diurnal amplitude and mean daily surface temperature to the soil thermal inertia. It uses the diurnal amplitude of the net surface radiation, the sensitivity of the turbulent fluxes to the surface temperature and the soil thermal inertia. Its performance is evaluated globally with numerical simulations using the atmospheric and the land surface modules of a state‐of‐the‐art climate model. The only regions where the thermal inertia has a limited impact are the moist regions. In dry areas, together with the stability of the boundary layer it plays a major role. It also has a significant impact at high and midlatitudes especially in winter when the turbulent fluxes are weak. In semiarid regions, the soil moisture exhibits a high day‐to‐day variability strongly correlated to the evaporation and the day‐to‐day variability of the surface temperature is generally explained by the soil moisture via its control on the evaporation. However, the soil moisture via its control on the thermal inertia reduces the impact of the day‐time evaporative cooling by reducing the nocturnal cooling. This newly identified moisture‐related negative feedback can reduce the variability of the surface temperature in semiarid regions by up to a factor of 2. The model also provides a simple framework to understand the role of the thermal properties in the frequent cold bias identified in stratified stable atmospheric situations in the northern midlatitudes.
Abscisic Acid Synthesis, Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Authors: Marion‐Poll Annie , Leung Jeffrey 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBiosynthesis and Catabolism PathwaysRegulation ofABASynthesis and MetabolismABASignaling in Seed Maturation Processes: Proteolysis and Combinatorial Protein InteractionsStress Responses in Vegetative Tissues: The Five Major NexusesABASignaling in Guard Cells: Simple Movements Controlled by Complex MechanismsABAas Antagonizing Signal to Light in Stomatal MovementConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Gibberellin Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Authors: Thomas Stephen G. , Hedden Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Gibberellin Metabolic PathwayGenes ofGABiosynthesis and Their RegulationThe Gibberellin Signal Transduction PathwayDownstream Transcriptional Events Induced byGAsSites ofGASignalingConclusionsAcknowledgements
Hormone Distribution and Transport
Authors: Ross John J. , Symons Gregory M. , Abas Lindy , Reid James B. , Luschnig Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areConcepts and DefinitionsAuxins: Distribution and TransportAuxin TransportGAs: Distribution and TransportBRs: Distribution and TransportGeneral DiscussionAcknowledgements
Cell Adhesion, Separation and Guidance in Compatible Plant Reproduction
Authors: Mollet Jean‐Claude , Faugeron Céline , Morvan Henri 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPollen Formation and Microspore SeparationPollen–Stigma Adhesion and Pollen Tube GuidanceAdhesion and Guidance of Pollen Tubes in the StyleCell Wall Modifying Proteins and Pollen Tube Growth in theECMPollen Tube Adhesion, Interaction and Guidance in the OvaryConclusions and PerspectivesAcknowledgements
Dehiscence
Authors: Østergaard Lars , Borkhardt Bernhard , Ulvskov Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionShatter ResistanceMorphogenesis and Anatomy of the Dehiscence ZoneCell Wall Dissolution and its Hormonal RegulationFactors RegulatingArabidopsis Fruit DevelopmentGenetic Interactions duringArabidopsis Fruit DevelopmentAnther DehiscenceProspects for Engineering Shatter ResistanceDevelopment of Model‐to‐Crop ApproachesAcknowledgments