bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of prognostic performance in severely injured patients by integrated clinico-transcriptomics: a translational approach
Authors: Rittirsch Daniel , Schoenborn Veit , Lindig Sandro , Wanner Elisabeth , Sprengel Kai , Günkel Sebastian , Schaarschmidt Barbara , Märsmann Sonja , Simmen Hans-Peter , Cinelli Paolo , Bauer Michael , Claus Ralf A. , Wanner Guido A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Severe trauma triggers a systemic inflammatory response that contributes to secondary complications, such as nosocomial infections, sepsis or multi-organ failure. The present study was aimed to identify markers predicting complications and an adverse outcome of severely injured patients by an integrated clinico-transcriptomic approach.

Methods
In a prospective study, RNA samples from circulating leukocytes from severely injured patients (injury severity score ≥ 17 points; n = 104) admitted to a Level I Trauma Center were analyzed for dynamic changes in gene expression over a period of 21 days by quantitative RT-PCR. Transcriptomic candidates were selected based on whole genome screening of a representative discovery set (n = 10 patients) or known mechanisms of the immune response, including mediators of inflammation (IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MIF, C5, CD59, SPHK1), danger signaling (HMGB1, TLR2, CD14, IL-33, IL-1RL1), and components of the heme degradation pathway (HP, CD163, HMOX1, BLVRA, BLVRB). Clinical markers comprised standard physiological and laboratory parameters and scoring systems routinely determined in trauma patients.

Results
Leukocytes, thrombocytes and the expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1), complement C5, and haptoglobin (HP) have been identified as markers with the best performance. Leukocytes showed a biphasic course with peaks on day 0 and day 11 after trauma, and patients with sepsis exhibited significantly higher leukocyte levels. Thrombocyte numbers showed a typical profile with initial thrombopenia and robust thrombocytosis in week 3 after trauma, ranging 2- to 3-fold above the upper normal value. ‘Relative thrombocytopenia’ was associated with multi-organ dysfunction, the development of sepsis, and mortality, the latter of which could be predicted within 3 days prior to the time point of death. SPHK1 expression at the day of admission indicated mortality with excellent performance. C5-expression on day 1 after trauma correlated with an increased risk for the development of nosocomial infections during the later course, while HP was found to be a marker for the development of sepsis.

Conclusions
The combination of clinical and transcriptomic markers improves the prognostic performance and may represent a useful tool for individual risk stratification in trauma patients.
Association between the TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism and the risk of sepsis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Jun-wei , Zhang An-qiang , Wang Xiao , Li Zhong-yun , Yang Jian-hua , Zeng Ling , Gu Wei , Jiang Jian-xin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Recently, researchers in a number of studies have explored the association between the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) Arg753Gln polymorphism and sepsis risk. However, the results were conflicting. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to confirm the effect of the TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism on sepsis risk.

Methods
Relevant records up to 1 June 2015 were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases. The odds ratios with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals were used to assess the association between the TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism and sepsis risk. The selection of a fixed or random effects model was made according to a heterogeneity test in total and subgroup analyses. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were performed to ensure the reliability of our results.

Results
A total of 12 studies with aggregate totals of 898 cases and 1517 controls met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. There were significant associations between the TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism and sepsis risk in overall analyses under two genetic models (the allele comparison and the dominant model). In addition, subgroup analyses based on age group, ethnicity, sepsis type, and source of control also showed a significant effect of the TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism on sepsis risk.

Conclusions
Our present meta-analysis supports a direct effect of the TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism on sepsis risk, especially in Europeans. The TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism might be used as a relevant risk estimate for the development of sepsis. Studies with larger sample sizes and homogeneous groups of patients with sepsis are required for further analysis.
Adjuvant Lapatinib and Trastuzumab for Early Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: Results From the Randomized Phase III Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization Trial
Authors: Piccart-Gebhart Martine , Holmes Eileen , Baselga José , de Azambuja Evandro , Dueck Amylou C. , Viale Giuseppe , Zujewski Jo Anne , Goldhirsch Aron , Armour Alison , Pritchard Kathleen I. , McCullough Ann E. , Dolci Stella , McFadden Eleanor , Holmes Andrew P. , Tonghua Liu , Eidtmann Holger , Dinh Phuong , Di Cosimo Serena , Harbeck Nadia , Tjulandin Sergei , Im Young-Hyuck , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Diéras Véronique , Hillman David W. , Wolff Antonio C. , Jackisch Christian , Lang Istvan , Untch Michael , Smith Ian , Boyle Frances , Xu Binghe , Gomez Henry , Suter Thomas , Gelber Richard D. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: November 2015

Background Lapatinib (L) plus trastuzumab (T) improves outcomes for metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2–positive breast cancer and increases the pathologic complete response in the neoadjuvant setting, but their role as adjuvant therapy remains uncertain. Methods In the Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization trial, patients with centrally confirmed human epidermal growth factor 2–positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned to 1 year of adjuvant therapy with T, L, their sequence (T→L), or their combination (L+T). The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS), with 850 events required for 80% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.8 for L+T versus T. Results Between June 2007 and July 2011, 8,381 patients were enrolled. In 2011, due to futility to demonstrate noninferiority of L versus T, the L arm was closed, and patients free of disease were offered adjuvant T. A protocol modification required P ≤ .025 for the two remaining pairwise comparisons. At a protocol-specified analysis with a median follow-up of 4.5 years, a 16% reduction in the DFS hazard rate was observed with L+T compared with T (555 DFS events; HR, 0.84; 97.5% CI, 0.70 to 1.02; P = .048), and a 4% reduction was observed with T→L compared with T (HR, 0.96; 97.5% CI, 0.80 to 1.15; P = .61). L-treated patients experienced more diarrhea, cutaneous rash, and hepatic toxicity compared with T-treated patients. The incidence of cardiac toxicity was low in all treatment arms. Conclusion Adjuvant treatment that includes L did not significantly improve DFS compared with T alone and added toxicity. One year of adjuvant T remains standard of care.
Real-Time Dynamic Pricing with Minimal and Flexible Price Adjustment
Authors: Chen Qi (George) , Jasin Stefanus , Duenyas Izak 
Published: November 2015

We study a standard dynamic pricing problem where the seller (a monopolist) possesses a finite amount of inventories and attempts to sell the products during a finite selling season. Despite the potential benefits of dynamic pricing, many sellers still adopt a static pricing policy because of (1) the complexity of frequent reoptimizations, (2) the negative perception of excessive price adjustments, and (3) the lack of flexibility caused by existing business constraints. In this paper, we develop a family of pricing heuristics that can be used to address all these challenges. Our heuristic is computationally easy to implement; it requires only a single optimization at the beginning of the selling season and automatically adjusts the prices over time. Moreover, to guarantee a strong revenue performance, the heuristic only needs to adjust the prices of a small number of products and do so infrequently. This property helps the seller focus his effort on the prices of the most important products instead of all products. In addition, in the case where not all products are equally admissible to price adjustment (due to existing business constraints such as contractual agreement, strategic product positioning, etc.), our heuristic can immediately substitute the price adjustment of the original products with the price adjustment of similar products and maintain an equivalent revenue performance. This property provides the seller with extra flexibility in managing his prices. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
The Flipside of Comparative Payment Schemes
Authors: Buser Thomas , Dreber Anna 
Published: November 2015

Comparative payment schemes and tournament-style promotion mechanisms are pervasive in the workplace. We test experimentally whether they have a negative impact on people’s willingness to cooperate. Participants first perform in a simple task and then participate in a public goods game. The payment scheme for the task varies across treatment groups. Compared with a piece-rate scheme, individuals in a winner-takes-all competition are significantly less cooperative in the public goods game. A lottery treatment, where the winner is decided by luck, has the same effect. In a competition treatment with feedback, winners cooperate as little as participants in the other treatments, whereas losers cooperate even less. All three treatments lead to substantial losses in the realised social surplus from the public good while having no significant impact on performance. In a complementary experiment, we aim to shed light on the psychological mechanisms behind our results. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2257 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
A stereolibrary of conformationally restricted amino acids based on pyrrolidinyl/piperidinyloxazole motifs
Authors: Artamonov Oleksiy S. , Bulda Taras , Fam Tkhe Kyong , Slobodyanyuk Evgeniy Y. , Volochnyuk Dmitry M. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A stereolibrary of conformationally restricted oxazole-containing amino acids, namely all isomers of 5–pyrrolydinyl- and 5-piperidinyloxazole-4-carboxylic acids, were designed and synthesized in three steps by the reaction of the corresponding N-Boc-protected amino acids and ethyl isocyanoacetate. These natural products-inspired amino acids are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of peptidomimetics and potential lead compounds for drug discovery.
Research on the Influence of Technological Forging Parameters on the Quality of Biphasic Titanium Alloys
Authors: Mashekov S. A. , Smaylova N. T. , Alshynova A. M. , Mashekova A.S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The deflected mode (DM) during the preparation of the broach in the flat and combined baizes and also on radial forging machine (RFM) was investigated for creating the rational technology of a broach and determining the optimum size of the angles of rotation and single squeeze reduction. The quantitative data was obtained by the method of final elements and the MSC.Super Forge program; the main consistent patterns of stress–strain state (SSS) distribution and temperature while modeling forging in flat and combined baizes, also on RFM with various angles of rotation and sizes of squeeze reduction were determined. The rational trial technology of forging of biphasic titanium alloys was developed and tested.
Unreliability of global temperature trends: the circular logic of comparing models with models or with models inspired reconstructions to circumvent lack of validation versus actual measurements
Authors: Parker A. , Ollier C.D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis recent paper by Marotzke and Forster [1] has received media attention because it claims to have shown that the recent pause in surface temperature rise was the result of natural variability, and that climate models are not systematically overestimating the global warming. Nicholas Lewis [2] has already commented about the serious statistical errors in the paper that make the conclusion unsustainable.We note here that their supporting evidence is actually alteration of pre-selected data to sustain the global warming narrative. The “observed trends” of Marotzke and Forster are not based on the truly measured temperatures in every world gridded cell of the land and sea since the 1860s, but only on a reconstruction based on selected, scattered data that are continuously recalculated to resemble the climate model outputs.
Unsteady Flow of Third Grade Fluid over an Oscillatory Stretching Sheet with Thermal Radiation and Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Ali Nasir , Khan Sami Ullah , Abbas Zaheer 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis in a third grade fluid over an oscillatory stretching sheet under the influences of thermal radiation and heat source/sink. The convective boundary condition at the sheet is imposed to determine the temperature distribution. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to solve dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations. The effects of involved parameters on both velocity and temperature fields are illustrated in detail through various plots. It is found that the amplitude of velocity decreases by increasing the ratio of the oscillation frequency of the sheet to its stretching rate and Hartmann number while it increases by increasing the third grade fluid parameter. On contrary, the temperature field is found to be a decreasing function of the third grade fluid parameter.
Influence of test fuel properties and composition on UNECE R101 CO2 and fuel economy valuation
Authors: Parker A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCO2 emission and fuel consumption of passenger cars is now assessed by using a simplistic procedure measuring the emission during a test performed without any control of the fuel properties and computing the fuel consumption through an unsophisticated formula. As pump gasoline and diesel fuels are refinery products mixture of many different hydrocarbons, and in case of gasoline may also contain a significant amount of oxygenates, the fuel properties, including the density, carbon and energy content may strongly vary from one pump fuel to the other. Being the specific test fuels carefully selected by the car manufacturers and everything but randomly chosen pump fuels, the claimed CO2 emission and fuel economy figures may differ largely from the certification values. I show from the analysis of the 2014 UK government data for 2358 diesel and 2103 petrol vehicles how same volumes of only theoretically same pump fuels used during the certification test by the cars manufacturers unfortunately do not produce the same carbon dioxide emission, and very likely do not have the same energy content. The CO2 emission per liter of diesel fuel is shown to oscillate froma maximum of 3049 g to a minimum of 2125 g, with an average of 2625 g, froma +16.13% to a -19.06% of the average. TheCO2 emission per liter of petrol fuel is shown to oscillate even more from a maximum of 3735 g to a minimum of 1767 g with an average of 2327 g, from a +60.48% to a -24.05% of the average. The proposed solution is to center the assessment on the energy demand by measuring with accuracy the mass of fuel consumed and the fuel properties of the test fuel starting from the lower heating. The corrected fuel consumption and the corrected carbon dioxide emission to mention from the test are then computed by using pure hydrocarbon reference fuels for diesel and petrol having a given lower heating value and a given hydrocarbon composition. Alternatively, exactly the same test fuel should be used by all the manufacturers.
Waste paper as a cheap source of natural fibre to reinforce polyester resin in production of bio-composites
Authors: Das Sekhar , Basak Santanu , Bhowmick Manik , Chattopadhyay Sajal K. , Ambare Manoj G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA low cost composite material was prepared by using waste newspaper and polyester resin. The waste newspaper used in the study was characterized by chemical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, and tensile strength was measured. Waste newspaper contains holocellulose of about 83.2% and the crystallinity index of the newspaper is 64.2. Composite samples were fabricated with three different fibre contents, namely 25%, 33%, and 48% (by weight). It was observed that on increasing the fibre content from 25% to 48%, the tensile strength and the modulus also increased by 54%–40%, respectively, along the fibre direction. It was observed that with 48% (w/w) fibre content, the waste paper composite yielded 70 MPa tensile strength and 6 GPa modulus in the fibre direction and 19 MPa tensile strength and 2.41 GPa modulus in the cross direction. The newspaper composite samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
“Healthier” and “less healthy” classifications according to three nutrient profiling systems relative to nutrition and health claims on food labels
Authors: Debeljak K. , Pravst I. , Košmelj K. , Kač M. 
Published: November 2015

A comprehensive sample of breakfast cereals (a total of 221 breakfast cereals available in the market) were compared according to their nutritional composition, being analysed using three nutrient profiling systems to categorise foods as “healthier” or “less healthy”. Differences were further on investigated focusing on the use of nutrition and health claims on the labelling. The aim was to determine how much the use of such a claim corresponds to the categorisation into “healthier” or “less healthy” group.
The sample contained 161 (72.9%) items with claims and 60 (27.1%) items, without claims. The nutrient profiles of the foods were determined by the UK Ofcom model, the FSANZ model and the modified Traffic Light model. All the models use similar but nevertheless different ways of determining the final score of “healthier” or “less healthy”. The percentage of foods classified as “healthier” was well below 72.9% (from 24.8% to 52.2%), indicating that profiling with each model involves stricter criteria for the classifying of foods compared to the permission to carry a nutrition and/or health claim. The difference is the most pronounced for the modified Traffic Light system, while the UK Ofcom and FSANZ systems give results closer to the use of claims.
Schicksal frühzeitig post partum auftretender Ovarialzysten ohne und nach Behandlung mit PRID/PGF oder PRID/PGF+eCG
Authors: Eigenmann U. , Bruckmaier R. , Bleul U. , Gaebler E. 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit war, sonographisch das Schicksal frühzeitig post partum auftretender Ovarialzysten (OZ) ohne und nach Behandlung mit einer Progesteron abgebenden Vaginalspirale (PRID), mit oder ohne zusätzliche Applikation von equinem Choriongonadotropin (eCG), zu vergleichen. Material und Methode: 33 Milchkühe, die 20–30 Tage post partum eine OZ aufwiesen, wurden den Behandlungsgruppen (BG) PRID/PGF oder PRID/PGF+eCG oder einer Kontrollgruppe (KG) zugeteilt (n = 11/Gruppe). Die Kontrolltiere blieben im 20-tä gigen Versuchszeitraum unbehandelt. Am Tag der Diagnose (Tag 0) wurde den Tieren der BG eine PRID eingesetzt und bei deren Entfernung (Tag 10) PGF2α appliziert. In der BG PRID/PGF+eCG wurde am Tag 7 zusätzlich eCG appliziert. An Tag 0, 7, 10, 13 und 20 wurden die Ovarien sonographisch untersucht und Progesteron (P4) sowie Östradiol-17β (E2) im Plasma bestimmt. Dies erfolgte bei der KG nur an Tag 0, 10 und 20. Ergebnisse: An Tag 0 wurden bei allen Kühen sonographisch Follikelthekazysten festgestellt, von denen sich in der KG sechs in Follikelluteinzysten umwandelten. Der Zystendurchmesser blieb in der KG unverändert, während er sich in den BG bis Tag 20 verringerte (p < 0,01). Bei allen Tieren der BG kam es zur Ovulation und Anbildung mindestens eines Corpus luteum (CL), in der KG nur bei zwei Tieren (p < 0,05). Im Vergleich zu erstmals am Tag 10 dominanten Follikeln entstanden aus bereits am Tag 7 dominanten Follikeln mehr CL mit Hohlraum (p < 0,05). Die Durchmesser der Follikel, aus denen sich CL mit Hohlraum entwickelten, waren an Tag 10 größer (p < 0,01). Am Tag 0 betrug die mittlere P4-Konzentration in allen Gruppen 1 ng/ml. Sie stieg in den BG nach Einsetzen der PRID und fiel nach deren Entfernung unter 1 ng/ml ab (p < 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Die alleinige Behandlung mit PRID führte zu einer Heilungsrate von 100%, sodass sich der zusätzliche Nutzen von eCG nicht kritisch überprüfen ließ. CL mit Hohlraum entstehen häufiger aus größeren und älteren dominanten Follikeln.
Effect of Again of the Shear-Strength Properties of a Normally Consolidated Clay
Authors: Bjerrum Laurits , Lo K. Y. 
Published: November 2015

Synopsis In the Paper is described a series of triaxial tests on samples which were normally consolidated for different periods of time prior to the subsequent shear test. It is shown that the behaviour of the clay when sheared depends on the “age” of the samples. With time the clay becomes more brittle with smaller failure strains and the undrained shear strength shows a slight increase. A study of the stress-strain curves leads to the conclusion that the effect of time can be explained by the growing of cohesive bonds at the contact points between the particles. The cohesive bonds lead to a greater resistance against a shear deformation, but they are gradually destroyed for increasing strain. Dans cet article on décrit nue série d'essais triaxiaux sur des échantillons qui ont été normale-ment consolidés pendant différentes durées précédant l'essai de cisaillement. On montre que le comportement de l'argile lors du cisaillement dépend de la durée de consolidation de l'échantillon. Avec le temps, l'argile devient plus friable avec des déformations de rupture plus faible et la résistance au cisaillement “non drainée” augmente legèrement. L'étude des courbes déformation-contrainte, mènent à la conclusion suivante: l'effect du temps peut s'expliquer par l'augmentation des lines de cohésion aux points de contact entre les particules. Les liens de cohésion conduisent à une plus grande résistance à la déformation due au cisaillment, mais ils sont progressivement détruit en raison de l'effort croissant.