bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of Equation for Evaluating Dislocation Density during Steady-state Creep of Metals
Authors: Tamura Manabu 
Published: March 2017

Ninety-two sets of observed dislocation densities for crept specimens of 21 types of ferritic/martensitic and austenitic steels, Al, W, Mo, and Mg alloys, Cu, and Ti including germanium single crystals were collected to verify an equation for evaluating the dislocation density during steady-state creep proposed by Tamura and Abe (2015). The activation energy, Qex, activation volume, Vex, and Larson–Miller constant, Cex, were calculated from the creep data. Using these parameter constants, the strain rate, and the temperature dependence of the shear modulus, a correction term, Gamma, was back-calculated from the observed dislocation density for each material. Gamma is defined in the present paper as a function of the temperature dependences of both the shear modulus and pre-exponential factor of the strain rate. The values of Gamma range from −394 to 233 and average 2.1 KJmol-1, which is a value considerably lower than the average value of Qex (410.4 KJmol-1), and values of Gamma are mainly within the range from 0 to 50 KJmol-1. The change in Gibbs free energy, Delta G, for creep deformation is obtained using the calculated value of , and the empirical relation Delta G~Delta GD is found, where Delta GD is the change in Gibbs free energy for self-diffusion of the main componential element of each material. Experimental data confirm the validity of the evaluation equation for the dislocation density.
Development and Validation of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panels for Detection of Germline Variants in Inherited Diseases
Authors: Santani Avni , Murrell Jill , Funke Birgit , Yu Zhenming , Hegde Madhuri , Mao Rong , Ferreira-Gonzalez Andrea , Voelkerding Karl V. , Weck Karen E. 
Published: March 2017

Context.—
The number of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for genetic diseases offered by clinical laboratories is rapidly increasing. Before an NGS-based test is implemented in a clinical laboratory, appropriate validation studies are needed to determine the performance characteristics of the test.

Objective.—
To provide examples of assay design and validation of targeted NGS gene panels for the detection of germline variants associated with inherited disorders.

Data Sources.—
The approaches used by 2 clinical laboratories for the development and validation of targeted NGS gene panels are described. Important design and validation considerations are examined.

Conclusions.—
Clinical laboratories must validate performance specifications of each test prior to implementation. Test design specifications and validation data are provided, outlining important steps in validation of targeted NGS panels by clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Um uso muito particular do clítico se
Authors: Moraes Fernanda Beatriz Caricari de , Barbara Leila 
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo, analisa-se um conjunto de verbos cujo funcionamento ou significado varia quer ocorram com o clítico se ou não. A multiplicidade de funções, uma das características do se, é um dos problemas mais interessantes da língua portuguesa e de outras como francês, espanhol e italiano. Uma das controvérsias em torno desse clítico é a possibilidade do sujeito estar ou não indeterminado, como discutem as pesquisas de Nunes (1991), Monteiro (1994), Bagno (2000), Camacho (2002, 2003), entre outros. A base teórica, a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY 1985, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004), tem como foco a língua em uso e permite analisar as escolhas gramaticais em textos (escritos ou falados) com base no contexto de cultura e de situação em que se realizam. A partir das condições contextuais, o falante recorre às três metafunções da linguagem, das quais a que interessa, a este artigo, é a ideacional, responsável pelo uso da língua para falar sobre o mundo, tanto externo (coisas, eventos, qualidades, etc.), como interno (pensamentos, crenças, sentimentos, etc.). Pretende-se contribuir com os estudos sobre o uso desse clítico em língua portuguesa e, também, subsidiar a elaboração de materiais didáticos e desenho de cursos instrumentais que visam atender a produção e compreensão escrita.
APPROACH PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF MAYTENUS GUIANENSIS KLOTZSCH EX REISSEK (CELASTRACEAE)
Authors: Lima Renato Abreu , Hurtado Fernanda Bay , Meneguetti Dionatas Ulisses , Facundo João Bezerra , Militão Júlio Sancho , Facundo Valdir Alves 
Published: March 2017

The Brazilian Amazon rainforest, even for its richness and biological diversity, can offer the oppotunity for innovative and efficient discovery of molecules with potential use in large scale. The interest in secondary metabolites have grown tremendously in recent amazonian essential oils and plant extracts, the Maytenus guianensis is a shrub native to our region, being popularly known as fruit-werewolf. The leaves are used as anti-inflammatory and infections is also indicated in the treatment of arthritis and hemorrhoids. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the classes of secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of the fruits, leaves and shell of M. guianensis. We carried out the identification of secondary metabolites with plant extract using specific reagents alkaloids, glycosides cardiotonic, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenes, based on coloration and precipitation. It was found that all the studied structures show botanical alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids and tannins using any specific reagents. However, the absence of a secondary metabolite which can serve as raw material for synthesis of bioactive substances, particularly drugs and are used in many preparations to benefit human health, such as in the production of food and biological activity against microrganisms.
The Non-Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: a meta-analysis and clinical considerations
Authors: Henry Brandon Michael , Sanna Silvia , Graves Matthew J. , Vikse Jens , Sanna Beatrice , Tomaszewska Iwona M. , Tubbs R. Shane , Walocha Jerzy A. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe Non-Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (NRLN) is a rare embryologically-derived variant of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN). The presence of an NRLN significantly increases the risk of iatrogenic injury and operative complications. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of the overall prevalence of the NRLN, its origin, and its association with an aberrant subclavian artery.MethodsThrough March 2016, a database search was performed of PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, BIOSIS, SciELO, and Web of Science. The references in the included articles were also extensively searched. At least two reviewers judged eligibility and assessed and extracted articles. MetaXL was used for analysis, with all pooled prevalence rates calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using the Chi2test and the I2statistic.ResultsFifty-three studies (33,571 right RLNs) reported data on the prevalence of a right NRLN. The pooled prevalence estimate was 0.7% (95% CI [0.6–0.9]). The NRLN was found to originate from the vagus nerve at or above the laryngotracheal junction in 58.3% and below it in 41.7%. A right NRLN was associated with an aberrant subclavian artery in 86.7% of cases.ConclusionThe NRLN is a rare yet very clinically relevant structure for surgeons and is associated with increased risk of iatrogenic injury, most often leading to temporary or permanent vocal cord paralysis. A thorough understanding of the prevalence, origin, and associated pathologies is vital for preventing injuries and complications.
Temporal patterns and geographic heterogeneity of Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in French Polynesia and Central America
Authors: Hsieh Ying-Hen 
Published: March 2017

Background
Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has been reported in 67 countries/territories in the Oceania region and the Americas since 2015, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016, due to its strong association with medical complications such as microcephaly and Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS). However, a substantial gap in knowledge still exists regarding differing temporal pattern and potential of transmission of ZIKV in different regions of the world.

Methods
We use a phenomenological model to ascertain the temporal patterns and transmission potential of ZIKV in various countries/territories, by fitting the model to Zika case data from Yap Island and French Polynesia in the Oceania region and 11 countries/territories with confirmed case data, namely, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, and Suriname, to pinpoint the waves of infections in each country/territory and to estimate the respective basic reproduction number R0.

Results
Six of these time series datasets resulted in statistically significant model fit of at least one wave of reported cases, namely that of French Polynesia, Colombia, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Suriname and Saint Martin. However, only Colombia and Guatemala exhibited two waves of cases while the others had only one wave. Temporal patterns of the second wave in Colombia and the single wave in Suriname are very similar, with the respective turning points separated by merely a week. Moreover, the mean estimates of R0 for Colombia, Guatemala and Suriname, all land-based populations, range between 1.05 and 1.75, while the corresponding mean estimates for R0 of island populations in French Polynesia, Puerto Rico and Saint Martin are significantly lower with a range of 5.70–6.89. We also fit the Richards model to Zika case data from six main archipelagos in French Polynesia, suggesting the outbreak in all six island populations occurred during the same time, albeit with different peak time, with mean R0 range of 3.09–5.05.

Discussion
Using the same modeling methodology, in this study we found a significant difference between transmissibility (as quantified by R0) in island populations as opposed to land-based countries/territories, possibly suggesting an important role of geographic heterogeneity in the spread of vector-borne diseases and its future course, which requires further monitoring. Our result has potential implications for planning respective intervention and control policies targeted for island and land-based populations.
Exploring differential health effects of work stress: a latent class cluster approach
Authors: Mayerl Hannes , Stolz Erwin , Waxenegger Anja , Freidl Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundWhile evidence highlights the detrimental health consequences of adverse working conditions, effect sizes vary by the stressor examined. In this study, we aimed to explore the differential effects various constellations of job demands have on prevalent symptom clusters.MethodsWe analysed self-reported data from a nationwide Austrian survey (N= 16,466), based on a cross-sectional design. By means of latent class analysis, a set of items was used to assess the burden from several job demands as well as the frequency of occurrence of mental and physical symptoms in order to identify stress profiles and symptom clusters, respectively.ResultsAnalysis revealed four subgroups that each demonstrated a typological response pattern regarding job demands and health symptoms, respectively. The revealed stress profiles were found to be strongly related to the symptom clusters, while the effects differed considerably depending on the types of demands experienced.ConclusionThe current study presents an alternative method of examining the stress-health link by using a combined person- and variable-centred approach. The findings suggest a hierarchy in stress exposure with the most pronounced health consequences found for a synchronous burden from physical, psychosocial and organizational demands.
A cross sectional survey on health-related quality of life of elementary school students using the Korean version of the EQ-5D-Y
Authors: Kim Sang-Kyu , Jo Min-Woo , Kim Seon-Ha 
Published: March 2017

Background and ObjectiveThe Korean version of the EQ-5D-Y was launched in 2015 by the EuroQol group. Currently, there is no HRQOL data obtained by using the EQ-5D-Y in Korea. This study aimed to measure health-related quality of life of Korean elementary school students using the EQ-5D-Y.MethodsElementary school students were recruited from 11 primary schools in Gyungbuk, South Korea. The EQ-5D-Y was self-administered in the sample population. Demographic characteristics were collected from the subjects’ parents or guardians. The percentage of respondents reporting problems and VAS scores were calculated. Feasibility of the EQ-5D-Y was assessed by analysing the proportion of missing responses. The percentage of reported problems on the dimensions and VAS score between groups were compared by demographic factors.ResultsA total of 2,494 questionnaires were collected. There were 24 (0.96%) missing responses on the EQ-5D-Y and 187 (7.5%) missing VAS score responses. The proportion of reported problems ranged from 2.3% on the mobility dimension to 9.8% on the “having pain or discomfort” dimension. There was no significant difference in the proportion of problems by age group in male participants. However, in females, the older group reported significantly more problems on the “having pain or discomfort” and “feeling worried, sad, or unhappy” dimensions compared to the younger group. Students living with parents with the lowest educational level reported significantly more problems on the “looking after myself” and “doing usual activities” dimensions than did those living with parents with higher levels of education.DiscussionThis study showed the distribution of health-related quality of life and explored the feasibility of the EQ-5D-Y for measuring health-related quality of life in Korean elementary school students. Further studies are required to examine other psychometric properties of the Korean EQ-5D-Y.
Rapid Access to Indeno[1,2‐c]quinolines via Brønsted Acid‐ Catalyzed Cascade Reaction
Authors: Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA Brønsted acid‐catalyzed annulation strategy has been developed to construct indeno[1,2‐c]quinolines. This tandem synthetic method proceeds through a sequential electrophilic addition followed by a Friedel–Crafts‐type reaction. A variety of tetracyclic compounds was obtained in moderate to high yields under mild reaction conditions in a short time.magnified image
Elastic polyurethane foams containing graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Piszczyk Łukasz , Kosmela Paulina , Strankowski Michał 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElastic polyurethane foams were produced from two‐component polyurethane systems (SPECFLEX NE 113 izocyjanian/NR 816 poliol system—SPC and Elastic MBMarket company system POLYOL ET MB 500/ISO ET MB 800—ET) by using a one‐step method. The foams were a graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the amount ranging from 1 to 2 wt.%. The effect of the nanofiller on polyurethane matrix was determined by analyzing the chemical structure, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of reinforced foams. The application of the carbon nanofiller resulted in increased density and hardness of the obtained composites. The addition of the nanofiller caused a shift in glass transition temperature toward lower temperature values, and an increase in the Young's modulus, but did not significantly affected the thermal stability of the obtained composites. The research results showed that graphene nanoplatelets nanofiller can be successfully used as a modifier of mechanical and thermal properties in elastic polyurethane foams.
Iron‐Catalyzed Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Vinylpyridines
Authors: Peng Yahui , Qin Cong , Chen Xiaobei , Li Jianjun , Li Hao , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn efficient, green and atom‐economical iron‐catalyzed hydroamination of vinylpyridines with azoles has been developed. This reaction works smoothly for a diverse range of vinylpyridines and azoles, including diazoles and triazoles. The reaction was catalyzed by 5 mol % FeCl3 in toluene at 110 °C for 3 h to afford the anti‐Markovnikov hydroamination products in moderate to excellent yields and excellent selectivities.
A Polyoxoniobate–Polyoxovanadate Double‐Anion Catalyst for Simultaneous Oxidative and Hydrolytic Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants
Authors: Dong Jing , Hu Jufang , Chi Yingnan , Lin Zhengguo , Zou Bo , Yang Song , Hill Craig L. , Hu Changwen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA novel double‐anion complex, H13[(CH3)4N]12[PNb12O40(VVO)2⋅(VIV4O12)2]⋅22 H2O (1), based on bicapped polyoxoniobate and tetranuclear polyoxovanadate was synthesized, characterized by routine techniques and used in the catalytic decontamination of chemical warfare agents. Under mild conditions, 1 catalyzes both hydrolysis of the nerve agent simulant, diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP) and selective oxidation of the sulfur mustard simulant, 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). In the oxidative decontamination system 100 % CEES was transformed selectively to nontoxic 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide and vinyl ethyl sulfoxide using nearly stoichiometric 3 % aqueous H2O2 with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 16 000 h−1. Importantly, the catalytic activity is maintained even after ten recycles and CEES is completely decontaminated in 3 mins without formation of the highly toxic sulfone by‐product. A three‐step oxidative mechanism is proposed.
Trimetallic Oxyhydroxide Coralloids for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Pi Yecan , Shao Qi , Wang Pengtang , Lv Fan , Guo Shaojun , Guo Jun , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTrimetallic oxyhydroxides are one of the most effective materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis, a key process for water splitting. Herein, we describe a facile wet‐chemical method to directly grow a series of coralloid trimetallic oxyhydroxides on arbitrary substrates such as nickel foam (NF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The amount of iron in these oxyhydroxide sponges on NF and CNTs was precisely controlled, revealing that the electrocatalytic activity of the WCoFe trimetallic oxyhydroxides depends on the Fe amount in a volcano‐like fashion. The optimized W0.5Co0.4Fe0.1/NF catalyst exhibited an overpotential of only 310 mV to deliver a large current density of 100 mA cm−2 and a very low Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1. It also showed superior stability with negligible activity decay after use in the OER for 21 days (>500 h). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the addition of Fe leads to an on average lower Co oxidation state, which contributes to the enhanced OER performance.
Comparative pharmacokinetic study of pyranocoumarins and khellactone in normal and acute lung injury rats after oral administration of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extracts using a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Kang An , Xie Tong , Zhu Dong , Dong Yu , Wen Hongmei , Pei Yuqiong , Shan Jinjun , Di Liuqing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPyranocoumarins are the main constitutes in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and possess various biological activities. In this article, we developed and validated a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the targeted quantification of the pyranocoumarins, praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B and praeruptorin E, and khellactone, which is a common metabolite of these pyranocoumarins in rat plasma samples. We then performed a comparative pharmacokinetic study of these pyranocoumarins and khellactone in normal and lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats following oral administration of P. praeruptorum Dunn extracts. Calibration curves gave desirable linearity (r > 0.99) and the lower limit of quantifications were sufficient for quantitative analysis. The precision and accuracy were assessed by intra‐batch and inter‐batch assays, and the relative standard deviations were all within 10.23% and the accuracy (relative error) was between −5.52% and 8.68%. The extraction recoveries, matrix effects and stability were also acceptable. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the area under the concentration–time curve (0–t) of khellactone in ALI rats was significantly decreased compared with the normal rats. Meanwhile, the systemic exposures of these pyranocoumarins were slightly higher in the ALI rats than those in normal rats were. The pharmacokinetic study in the pathological state might provide information that was more comprehensive to guide the clinical usage of P. praeruptorum Dunn.
Efficient Synthesis of Furfuryl Alcohol and 2‐Methylfuran from Furfural over Mineral‐Derived Cu/ZnO Catalysts
Authors: Yang Xiaohai , Xiang Xiaomin , Chen Hongmei , Zheng Hongyan , Li Yong‐Wang , Zhu Yulei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo kinds of typical mineral‐derived Cu/ZnO catalysts consisting of aurichalcite and zincian malachite were introduced for furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and 2‐methylfuran (2‐MF) in a fixed‐bed reactor. Under proper reaction conditions, high yields of FOL (above 99 %) and 2‐MF (94.5 %) could be obtained over the aurichalcite Cu/ZnO catalyst (AC‐CZ), whereas the best yield of 2‐MF was only 76.9 % (0.5 h−1) over the zincian malachite Cu/ZnO catalyst (ZM‐CZ). The normalized productivity of 2‐MF was 43.5 mol kgCu−1 h−1 and 17.4 mol kgCu−1 h−1 for AC‐CZ and ZM‐CZ, respectively (LHSV=1.5 h−1). The catalysts were characterized by XRD analysis, Raman spectra, CO IR spectroscopy, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, N2O titration, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The far better performance of AC‐CZ in furfural hydrogenation was ascribed to its higher dispersion of copper species, superior copper surface area, better surface acidity distribution, and stronger Cu0–ZnO synergy. In addition, the surface acidity of the catalysts seemed to have a higher influence on 2‐MF production than the Cu surface area, but the optimal balance of both factors still needs to be investigated systematically.
Enantioseparation and enantioselective behavior of trichlorfon enantiomers in sediments
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Feng , Nie Jing , Ouyang Xiao–Kun , Wang Yang–Guang , Wu Wei–Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTrichlorfon (TF), an organophosphorus insecticide, has been widely used in seawater aquaculture; it is easily degraded to the highly toxic insecticide, dichlorvos (DDVP). In this study, the enantioseparation of TF enantiomers, as well as their degradation behavior and product (DDVP) formation in mariculture pond sediments, was investigated. The results show that both TF enantiomers degrade into DDVP, which is the main degradation product. Furthermore, S‐(+)‐TF is preferentially degraded under natural conditions, suggesting that TF enantiomers degrade enantioselectively. Nevertheless, the degradation behavior of TF enantiomers is not enantiospecific under sterile conditions. The formation of DDVP and the enantiospecific degradation of TF enantiomers are attributed to the activities of microbes present in the sediments.