bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dam Inundation Modulates the Effect of Plant Diversity on Soil Multifunctionality in the Riparian Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Zheng Jie , Arif Muhammad , Cao Wenqiu , Li Changxiao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationship is critical for predicting the consequences of species loss on the sustainable provision of ecosystem services. Both theoretical and empirical studies generally demonstrate a positive biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationship. However, the underlying mechanisms linking soil multifunctionality (SMF) to plant diversity remain unclear, particularly in dynamic riparian habitats. In this study, we investigated the plant community, 10 soil functions, and their drivers within the riparian zone regulated by the Three Gorges Dam in China. Our results showed that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity affect SMF at alpha and beta scales in both positive and negative ways. Notably, most diversity metrics are negatively correlated with SMF, especially at lower elevations and in areas near the dam. Alpha and beta diversity contribute equally to SMF, whereas functional diversity explains SMF better than taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, abiotic variables explain 24% of the variance in SMF, significantly exceeding the 3% explained by biotic variables. Dam inundation has both direct effects on SMF and indirect effects mediated by soil pH, bulk density, and functional dispersion, all of which are critical variables in elucidating SMF changes. Our findings indicate that dam inundation modulates the effect of plant diversity on SMF and underscore the roles of biotic factors and functional diversity in mediating this effect. This study challenges the prevalent notion that biodiversity universally positively affects ecosystem multifunctionality and broadens our understanding of the linkages between plant diversity and SMF, as well as its drivers under dam‐induced hydrological changes.
Plasmonic Nanocavity to Boost Single Photon Emission From Defects in Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Dowran Mohammadjavad , Kilic Ufuk , Lamichhane Suvechhya , Erickson Adam , Barker Joshua , Schubert Mathias , Liou Sy‐Hwang , Argyropoulos Christos , Laraoui Abdelghani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient and compact single photon emission platforms operating at room temperature with ultrafast speed and high brightness will be fundamental components of the emerging quantum communications and computing fields. However, so far, it is very challenging to design practical deterministic single photon emitters based on nanoscale solid‐state materials that meet the fast emission rate and strong brightness demands. Here, a solution is provided to this longstanding problem by using metallic nanocavities integrated with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes with defects acting as nanoscale single photon emitters (SPEs) at room temperature. The presented hybrid nanophotonic structure creates a rapid speedup and large enhancement in single photon emission at room temperature. Hence, the nonclassical light emission performance is substantially improved compared to plain hBN flakes and hBN on gold‐layered structures without nanocavity. Extensive theoretical calculations are also performed to accurately model the new hybrid nanophotonic system and prove that the incorporation of plasmonic nanocavity is key to efficient SPE performance. The proposed quantum nanocavity single photon source is expected to be an element of paramount importance to the envisioned room‐temperature integrated quantum photonic networks.
NMR Coupling Constants, Karplus Equations, and Adjusted MD Statistics: Detecting Diagnostic Torsion Angles for the Solution Geometry of 6‐[α‐d‐Mannopyranosyl]‐d‐Mannopyranose (Mannobiose)
Authors: Franz Andreas H. , Bromley Kendall S. , Aung Ei T. , Do Stephen Q. L. , Rosenblatt Hana M. , Watson Amelia J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe quantitative solution conformations of 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐tetrahydropyran, α‐methyl‐d‐mannopyranoside, and 6‐[α‐d‐mannopyranosyl]‐d‐mannopyranose (mannobiose) are described. Parametrized Karplus equations for redundant spin pairs across the terminal ω‐torsion and the glycosidic ω‐torsion for mannobiose are developed, including ω/θ‐hypersurfaces for the terminal hydroxymethylene group. Experimental NMR data, algorithmic spectral simulation (clustered Hamiltonian method), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (GLYCAM06), energy minimizations by DFT, and adjusted torsion angle populations weighted over the Karplus‐type equations are used. We demonstrate that spectral simulation is a powerful tool in the refinement of initial J values obtained from static GAIO DFT calculations. We also show that only as few as one of multiple redundant torsions can be diagnostic for conformational analysis of the disaccharide.
An 8Tx/32Rx head‐neck coil at 7T by combining 2Tx/32Rx Nova coil with 6Tx shielded coaxial cable elements
Authors: Güler Sadri , Povaz̆an Michal , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Zivkovic Irena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeStandard head coils used at 7T MRI suffer from high signal loss at lower brain regions and neck. This study aimed to increase the field of view (FOV) of a birdcage coil to image the lower brain regions and neck with a straightforward approach of using add‐on transmit shielded coaxial cable coil (SCC) elements.MethodsA new head‐neck coil was modeled as a combination of the 2Tx/32Rx Nova head coil and 6Tx SCC elements. The add‐on transmit SCC elements have been produced. The full wave electromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze the coil geometry and estimate the local specific absorption ratio (SAR). The field maps and structural images were acquired in a phantom and in vivo on a 7T scanner.ResultsThe computed SAR histogram revealed a peak of 4.08 W/kg. The simulated and measured maps are in good agreement. The manufactured coil's S‐parameters are below 10 dB. The field measurements on a subject presented the increase in the FOV. The T1‐weighted structural images of three subjects acquired with the head‐neck coil showed increased coverage compared to the head coil only.ConclusionCombining the 2Tx/32Rx Nova head coil and 6Tx SCC elements allowed imaging of the whole brain with an increased FOV down to the C4 spine. The coil stayed fully functional when different subjects were scanned. We conclude that the SCC transmit‐only coils are a robust adjunct to conventional coil designs and can meaningfully enhance and expand their field of view.
Partial‐differential‐algebraic equations of nonlinear dynamics by physics‐informed neural‐network: (I) Operator splitting and framework assessment
Authors: Vu‐Quoc Loc , Humer Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeveral forms for constructing novel physics‐informed neural‐networks (PINNs) for the solution of partial‐differential‐algebraic equations (PDAEs) based on derivative operator splitting are proposed, using the nonlinear Kirchhoff rod as a prototype for demonstration. The present work is a natural extension of our review paper (Vu‐Quoc and Humer, CMES‐Comput Modeling Eng Sci, 137(2):1069–1343, 2023) aiming at both experts and first‐time learners of both deep learning and PINN frameworks, among which the open‐source DeepXDE (DDE; SIAM Rev, 63(1):208–228, 2021) is likely the most well documented framework with many examples. Yet, we encountered some pathological problems (time shift, amplification, static solutions) and proposed novel methods to resolve them. Among these novel methods are the PDE forms, which evolve from the lower‐level form with fewer unknown dependent variables (e.g., displacements, slope, finite extension) to higher‐level form with more dependent variables (e.g., forces, moments, momenta), in addition to those from lower‐level forms. Traditionally, the highest‐level form, the balance‐of‐momenta form, is the starting point for (hand) deriving the lowest‐level form through a tedious (and error prone) process of successive substitutions. The next step in a finite element method is to discretize the lowest‐level form upon forming a weak form and linearization with appropriate interpolation functions, followed by their implementation in a code and testing. The time‐consuming tedium in all of these steps could be bypassed by applying the proposed novel PINN directly to the highest‐level form. We also developed a script based on JAX, the High Performance Array Computing library. For the axial motion of elastic bar, while our JAX script did not show the pathological problems of DDE‐T (DDE with TensorFlow backend), it is slower than DDE‐T. Moreover, that DDE‐T itself being more efficient in higher‐level form than in lower‐level form makes working directly with higher‐level form even more attractive in addition to the advantages mentioned further above. Since coming up with an appropriate learning‐rate schedule for a good solution is more art than science, we systematically codified in detail our experience running optimization (network training) through a normalization/standardization of the network‐training process so readers can reproduce our results.
Multicomponent Synthesis of C(8)‐Substituted Purine Building Blocks of Peptide Nucleic Acids from Prebiotic Compounds
Authors: Mancin Eleonora , Capecchi Eliana , Botta Lorenzo , Bizzarri Bruno Mattia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe have explored the reaction of a three‐components mixture of aminomalononitrile, urea and α‐amino acid methyl esters for the multicomponent synthesis substituted purines resembling PNA's building blocks. 2,6‐diamino‐purines, 6‐amino‐3,9‐dihydro‐2H‐purin‐2‐one (iso‐guanines), and 3,9‐dihydro‐6H‐purin‐6‐one derivatives, selectively decorated at C(8)‐position of the purine ring with different amino acid residues, were obtained from acceptable to good yields. The regio‐selectivity of the transformation was controlled by the use of urea in the ternary mixture and by the annulation agent involved in the ring‐closure of amino‐imidazole carbonitrile intermediates. Solvent free conditions, microwave irradiation and simple one‐carbon containing reagents further satisfied the major requirement of atom economy and sustainable chemistry. Due to the prebiotic nature of the three‐components mixture and of annulation agents, it also embodies the possibility for the synthesis of novel PNAs bearing purine nucleobases decorated at C(8)‐position of the imidazole ring as alternative RNA analogues in molecular evolution.
Trading baguettes for arepas: How hardcore French hip‐hop artists are using Medellin and Colombia to imitate/emulate the violent hypermasculine tropes of Pablo Escobar in order to exude toughness in rap videos
Authors: Pégram Scooter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFew places on Earth have seen a more remarkable turnaround than the Colombian city of Medellin. Once dangerous, Medellin is now innovative. Yet, stereotypes remain. Thanks to films and online streaming series, Colombia struggles to remove imagery of its violent past. In recent years, hardcore rap artists from France have increasingly chosen Medellin to film videos despite having no links to Colombia. This association helps these rappers construct a violent narrative that is unavailable to them in France. This paper analyzes how French hip‐hop artists imitate Pablo Escobar by using Colombia as a visual tool to augment street cred.
Sustainable polyelectrolyte complexes of pectin and chitosan as adsorbents for heavy metal ions from surface water
Authors: Boughanmi Rahma , Oelmann Marina , Steinbach Christine , Schwarz Simona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolysaccharides like starch, chitosan, and pectin are attractive for removing heavy metal ions from water. Chitosan (n+) is mixed with pectin (n−) to enhance ion adsorption from aqueous media. This study involves two parts. First, 1 g/L stock solutions of pectin and chitosan at pH 5 are prepared and used to create polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with varying molar charge ratios (n−/n+). Pectin is added to stirred chitosan solutions to form PECs, relying on ionic interactions between chitosan's amino groups and pectin's carboxyl groups. However, the resultant PEC concentration is insufficient for effective heavy metal ion removal. In response, the second part of the study focuses on a specific PEC with n−/n+ of 0.84. The stock solution concentration is increased to 5 and 10 g/L at pH 5, enhancing efficiency and forming a gel. The gel dispersion is freeze‐dried, and the resultant PECs are used for adsorption experiments with Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe2+/3+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ sulfate solutions. Adsorption rates are in the order Cu2+ > Fe2+/3+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+ for a 20 mg/L salt concentration, indicating high PEC affinity for heavy metal ions.
Effects of soft segment molecular weight on the properties of recyclable polyurethanes with low‐temperature multiple shape memory
Authors: Wang Hairui , Li Yongxu , Zhang Hongyu , Lang Xiurui , Wang Xiaolei , Cao Lan , Zong Chengzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with shape memory characteristics exhibits excellent comprehensive performance and structural design flexibility, wherein the composition and structure of the soft segment play a crucial role. We synthesized four linear‐structured polyurethanes (PUs) using 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) in identical molar ratios and systematically investigated the impact of soft segment molecular weight on hydrogen bonding, thermal properties, microphase separation, and mechanical performance of TPU. The results show that an increase in soft segment molecular weight leads to a reduction in hydrogen bonding, microphase separation, and modulus, while the tensile strength initially increases and then decreases. PU650 exhibits the highest hydrogen bonding index of 5.17 and the maximum microphase separation. Additionally, all TPU materials exhibit low‐temperature multiple shape memory behavior and excellent recyclability. This work provides valuable insights into the structural design and performance optimization of recyclable PU materials.
Barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Avitabile Catherine M. , O'Brien Caroline , Dureja Divya , Albizem Dana , Mota Jena , Xanthopoulos Melissa , Zemel Babette S. , Cronholm Peter F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTherapeutic exercise has not been widely adopted in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH), despite adult data supporting its safety and efficacy. While physical limitations may prevent children with PH from participating in physical activity, other barriers to and facilitators of physical activity are unknown. Youth ages 8‐18 years with World Symposium of PH diagnostic Groups 1‐4, functional class I or II, and ambulatory status were prospectively enrolled in a cross‐sectional study including separate 30‐min participant and caregiver interviews regarding attitudes toward physical activity and a proposed exercise intervention in pediatric PH. Interview questions were guided by Social Cognitive Theory and explored autonomy, self‐confidence, and self‐efficacy. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using an iterative process to determine themes and patterns. Demographics and relevant PH condition‐specific data were abstracted from the medical record. Thirty PH participant/caregiver dyads were interviewed. Facilitators of physical activity included enjoyment/interest in the activity, socialization, incentivization, and feelings of safety and normalcy. Barriers to physical activity included lack of interest, fear/anxiety, and self‐consciousness. Findings were similar in children and adults. Participants rarely reported restriction of activity by caregivers or medical providers. Attitudes toward engagement in a proposed exercise program were generally positive and reflected personal experiences with physical activity. Monitored exercise interventions that focus on patients’ interests, cultivate confidence, respect limitations, and acknowledge the need for extrinsic incentivization may have benefits in pediatric PH. Future trials should test the impact of these characteristics on patient wellbeing and clinical outcomes.
The same but different: A cross‐country comparison of national earthquake policies and societal perspectives of seismic risk in Israel and Switzerland
Authors: Rapaport Carmit , Dallo Irina , Kligman Yael , Marti Michèle , Komendantova Nadejda , Ashkenazi Isaac 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNational earthquake policies aim to mitigate earthquake risk by minimizing the potential damage to lives, property, and infrastructure and by preparing the population to carry out recommended behaviors when an earthquake is felt or a warning is heard. In this research, we compare two earthquake‐prone countries, Israel and Switzerland, to examine if and how their policies to mitigate seismic risk differ, and how citizens react to the national earthquake policies in terms of their perceived risk of earthquakes and their preparedness. We examine and compare four national‐level earthquake policy components—risk assessment, mitigation regulation, early warning system, and risk communication with the public. We find that centralized national‐level policy in Israel, which includes regulated building codes, a nationwide early warning system, and national awareness campaigns, does lead to higher levels of reported awareness and preparedness. Similarly, in high‐risk cantons in Switzerland, which apply these policies (except for the warning system), citizens were also more prepared than in low‐risk cantons. However, given learning from both countries' policies, we suggest that earthquake policies should include collaboration with local authorities and the population through a more decentralized and localized approach, which includes drills, training, and information dissemination.
Toward a community‐engaged framework for urban soil research
Authors: Legg Tiffany A. , Hodges Caitlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearchers in urban environments sample where people live and work. However, there is limited extant guidance available to scientists engaging with community stakeholders to sample soils in urban settings. Leveraging our cumulative experiences, insights gained from community collaborations, and interdisciplinary literature, we present a community‐engaged framework for urban soils research. Community‐engaged research frameworks emerged over the past two decades to foster trust and respect between communities and researchers as a response to historical exploitation of communities by the academy. Today, these frameworks have become standard for social and public health researchers investigating the physical well‐being of communities. However, there is no equivalent framework for scientists studying the soils that underpin the physical and ecological well‐being of the same communities. Here, we present the first such framework for soil scientists that incorporates nuanced aspects that are often overlooked. Our proposed framework recognizes the iterative nature of collaboration with community stakeholders and highlights the significance of ethical considerations throughout the research process by emphasizing protection of community stakeholders from harm, involvement of all parties in decision‐making processes, maintaining informed consent, and fostering mutual accountability among researchers throughout the research and sampling process.
Reorienting transpacific commerce: On the subject of Chinese entrepreneurism in Central America
Authors: DeHart Monica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the last 16 years, Central American governments have increasingly embraced diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China to foster economic opportunities and national development. This analysis builds on ethnographic research in Costa Rica and Guatemala to trace the kinds of entrepreneurialism Central American governments are mobilizing to foment these transpacific commercial relations. This article explores those transpacific spaces and subjects deemed valuable for national development. Though a strong tradition of transnational business connects local ethnic Chinese Central Americans with firms in mainland China and Taiwan, these subjects have largely not been protagonists of incipient state‐led initiatives. I argue that the racialization of Chinese Central American businesspeople as ethnic entrepreneurs has precluded them from serving as appropriate subjects of national development. Instead, Central American governments have relied on white elites to develop desired commercial relations and class interests in this new era of transpacific relations. As such, I emphasize the racialized and classed underpinnings of entrepreneurial identity, showing how it positions some as always already suspect economic actors, while others are seen as national subjects capable of a process of entrepreneurial becoming.
The Performance of Amino‐ and Hydroxy‐Substituted Benzothiazoles in Inhibiting the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in HCl and the Molecular‐Level Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yu‐chen , Liang Xuan , Ding Rui , Ji An‐lan , Wang Yu‐han , Lei Ming‐di , Fu Jie , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the pickling process and acidizing program for oil wells, the acidic corrosion of metals is a problem that needs to be addressed. Various acid corrosion inhibitors have been studied and used to mitigate the acidic corrosion of carbon steel. In this paper, the corrosion inhibition of 2‐aminobenzothiazole (2 N‐BT), 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzothiazole (2 N4O‐BT), and 2‐amino‐6‐hydroxybenzothiazole (2 N6O‐BT) on carbon steel in 0.5 mol/L HCl was investigated using electrochemical and quantum chemical methods. All three molecules exhibited corrosion inhibition effects. Compared to 2 N‐BT, 2 N4O‐BT and 2 N6O‐BT showed less sensitivity to the environmental conditions and the surface state of the metal. Among them, 0.0010 mol/L 2 N6O‐BT demonstrated the highest and most persistent corrosion inhibition, exhibiting a mixed inhibition mechanism with cathodic inhibition dominance. The adsorption of 2 N6O‐BT on the carbon steel surface was found to be non‐uniform, preferentially adsorbing at certain active sites on the surface, following Freundlich‐Langmuir thermodynamic characteristics. It showed initial strongly adsorbed points and weakly adsorbed regions. With continued adsorption of 2 N6O‐BT, the differences between strongly adsorbed points and weakly adsorbed regions decreased. The introduction of hydroxyl groups, especially in 2 N6O‐BT, extended the negative potential region and enhanced the coordination activity of the molecule, generating the orbital distribution that was advantageous to flat adsorption and the formation of feedback bonds. This provided a molecular structural basis for the excellent corrosion inhibition properties of 2 N6O‐BT.