bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Identification of the High Risk Patient
Authors: Levine Howard L. , Bailin Philip L. 
Published: February 2017

While the majority of patients with basal cell carcinoma are cured by the initial therapeutic approach, high risk patients who have had recurrences of basal cell carcinoma have been identified.From April 1976 to November 1979, 811 patients with 1,271 cutaneous carcinomas were seen at the Mohs' Histographic Surgery Unit of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Of these, 496 represented recurrent basal cell carcinomas. Histologic subtype, location of the tumor, and age of the patient were studied in an attempt to identify factors which place patients at risk for persistent or recurrent carcinoma.The physician who first sees a patient with basal cell carcinoma should look for these risk factors and, after identifying such patients, consider an aggressive management with frequent follow‐up.
Liaison Psychiatry‐Otolaryngology Rounds
Authors: Wallack Joel J. , Lucente Frank E. , Biller Hugh F. , Strain James J. 
Published: February 2017

In an attempt to define and resolve patient and staff needs with regard to the psychological, social and economic problems in clinical otolaryngology, psychiatry/otolaryngology rounds were established in the Department of Otolaryngology 18 months ago. These weekly rounds have contributed greatly to improved patient care and better physician‐nurse relations. They have also served a significant educational role for residents, medical students and other members of the patient care team.At present the rounds are attended by the inpatient nursing staff, 2 physicians, 6 residents, 3 medical students, an otolaryngologic social worker and the liaison psychiatrist. The meeting begins with a 10 minute discussion and review of current problems among the staff. Attention is then directed to the patient who will be interviewed for the day. The medical and social history are presented. Then the patient is brought in and interviewed in a non‐stressful session for 20 minutes mtes. After the patient leaves, the staff discusses the problems which the patient has encountered or poses to them, and the conference participants formulate an appropriate therapeutic plan. Among the problems which have been discussed are noncompliance, organic mental syndromes, hypochondirasis, depression, death and dying, disfigurement, loss of bodily function, and chronic pain. For those patients in whom further psychiatric evaluation and treatment are deemed necessary, the psychiatrist becomes an active participant in their clinical care.
Cochlear Aqueduct Radiographic Anatomy in Temporal Bone Preparations and in Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Strauss Melvin , Aufiero Thomas , Varano Lottie 
Published: February 2017

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss appears to have many possible etiologic factors. Shea has presented work indicating that a large cochlear aqueduct (CA) is frequently present on the side of an idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISHL). However, Valvassori, on performing temporal bone tomographic studies on several hundred patients complaining of ISHL, has not found enlargement of the CA in a statistically significant number of these cases.In an attempt to resolve this discrepancy, a single blind study was performed utilizing temporal bone polytomography to evaluate the presence or absence of the CA in 22 adult patients. One‐half of these patients had a history of ISHL, while the remaining patients had other complaints as an indication for tomography. In all cases, the CA was identified. The CA was felt to be enlarged in 1 patient suffering from ISHL, in the nonaffected ear of 1 patient with unilateral ISHL, and in 2 control patients. There was, therefore, no positive correlation between CA enlargement and the occurrence of ISHL.In order to further elucidate the radiologic anatomy of the CA, 9 pairs of adult temporal bones removed at autopsy were studied by polytomography after cannulation and injection of radiopaque material. Measurements of the dimensions of the CA and its radiographic anatomy are discussed and compared to measurements obtained from histopathologic evaluation of the temporal bone.
Allergy In Otolaryngology
Authors: Soss Thomas L. 
Published: February 2017

Otolaryngologic allergy concerns itself greatly with the teachings and influence of the late French Hansel, M.D., and his principles of optimal dosage. Later Herbert Rinkel, M.D., was to contribute the titration technique which allowed for a more systematic administration of antigens. Other areas such as provocative testing for foods as well as more controversial areas were later developed. These included cytotoxic testing as well as emphasis on clinical ecology techniques.The otolaryngologist has been equipped to handle all phases of nasal problems including allergy by 1. management of obvious surgical problems, 2. symptomatic approach with medical methods, 3. environmental controls when indicated and 4. immunotherapy. The last method includes titration as well as radioimmunoassay techniques (RAST).The author's conjecture regarding the future direction of allergy management from the otolaryngologist's view point is also given. Personal observations and anecdotes of some of the pioneers in the field are included.
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Infants — Role of Immune Complexes Acquired in Utero
Authors: Wilson William H. 
Published: February 2017

Ten infants experiencing recurring episodes of acute otitis media with associated otitis media with effusion while on human breast milk afford a study of the role of possible immune complexes acquired in ulero through the mother's allergic diathesis. Seven of the 10 children were on the breast when first seen. Challenge feeding tests determined the mothers' hypersensitivities. Those infants breast fed by mothers exhibiting positive challenges to specific foods, manifest allergic responses themselves following the first breast feeding after the mothers' challenge.A cessation of episodes of AcOM and OME occurred in five of the series as foods proven to be offenders were eliminated from the mother's and child's diet. Degrees of failure were experienced in the remainder, varying as to the severity and cause.
The Fate of an Ossicular Allograft in Tympanoplasty
Authors: Goodhill Victor , Gussen Ruth 
Published: February 2017

Correction of ossicular defects in tympanoplasty most commonly involves the use of commercially available prostheses or preserved allograft ossicles. Incus autografts and tragal cartilage autografts are also used by many surgeons. Presculptured preserved allograft ossicles have not been used widely, but are used almost exclusively by our clinic.The fate of ossicular grafts has been reported by a number of investigators with evidence obtained at revision surgery. In this paper we will be able to trace the fate of a presculptured preserved autograft ossicle clinically and pathologically. The unique aspect of this study is the demonstration of the ossicular status in post mortem temporal bone dissection followed by histopathological serial section studies.
Surgical Aptitude Test for Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Resident Applicants
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Levine Toni M. , Einhorn Robert K. , Mitrani Moises 
Published: February 2017

The search for a convenient, rapid manual dexterity examination, which could be used at the time of the otolaryngology resident applicant's interview, led us to assess the following areas: purposeful hand direction, depth perception, tactile discrimination, finger pressure coordination, finger visual tracking of moving objects, spatial visualization, finger strength, speed of movements, fine control precision, finger dexterity, steadiness during movement, steadiness without movement, and neatness.With the astronomical increase in applicants to a limited number of positions in the field of otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery, the application of an accurate, efficient manual dexterity assessment at the time of applicant interview is desirable. Presently, dental school applicants are screened by a series of manual dexterity tests. To develop our screening test, we integrated manual performance tests currently in use by private industry, occupational therapists, and dental school admission committees. Thus, applicants who are able to master fine microsurgical and macrosurgical techniques common in our specialty will be preferentially selected.
Clinical Evaluation of a Two‐Channel Amplitude Compression Hearing Aid
Authors: Riko Krista , Pichora-Fuller M. Kathleen , Alberti Peter W. 
Published: February 2017

Twelve experienced hearing aid users with mild to moderate hearing loss used two new, commercially available behind‐the‐ear amplitude compression hearing aids for 1 month each. One aid was a single‐channel device; the other was a two‐channel aid. All subjects had used other compression aids for at least 1 year.Performance in real‐life situations with the personal aid and the two trial aids was evaluated by the Hearing Performance Inventory (HPI). Another questionnaire probed subjective preference for the three aids and willingness to purchase each of the trial aids.The major HPI finding was an equal performance superiority for the two trial aids over the personal aid for half the subjects.The preference/purchase questionnaire results indicated that the two‐channel aid had some sound quality advantages, but was unacceptable physically. The single‐channel trial was clearly preferred over the personal and two‐channel device.
Long‐Term Results After Lateral Cranial Base Surgery
Authors: Poe Dennis S. , Jackson C. Gary , Glasscock Michael E. , Johnson Glenn D. 
Published: February 2017

The surgical management of patients with slow‐growing benign temporal bone neoplasms has been criticized because of its significant morbidity and mortality compared with results after radiation therapy, but long‐term control by irradiation remains unproved. Long‐term surgical results have not been studied previously.One hundred twenty‐nine skull base operations were performed in 126 patients at the Otology Group, Nashville, Tenn., from January 1970 through May 1987. Fifty‐eight patients responded to questionnaires focusing on recovery from loss of cranial nerves. All patients regained some degree of facial function (class V or better), no alimentary tubes or tracheotomies were in use, and no patients had debilitatinQ aspiration.Long‐term compensation from the cranial nerve deficits of lateral skull base surgery can be expected in most patients and should not be used as an argument for irradiation in patients with a long life expectancy at time of diagnosis.
Revised insights into templating radical polymerization within nanoreactors
Authors: Tardy Antoine , Bhullar Kash A. , Lim Dong Q. , Thickett Stuart C. , Zetterlund Per B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe field of polymer chemistry is currently experiencing major research efforts into development of novel techniques for synthesis of polymers with well‐controlled microstructure. Recently, a new method has been reported [McHale et al., Nat. Chem. 2012, 4, 491–497] whereby high molecular weight and low dispersity polymer can be obtained by a radical polymerization process via the use of solely physico‐chemical interactions. This work was based on the combination of H‐bonding templated polymerization confined within nanoreactors of self‐assembled block copolymers. Herein, this system is thoroughly investigated to fully elucidate the underlying mechanism. Modification of physico‐chemical parameters, kinetic parameters as well as observations of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) results and colloidal behavior in various solvents provide revised insights into the mechanism. Through detailed NMR and SEC investigations, it is demonstrated that the SEC secondary peak originally believed to be the high molecular weight “daughter” polymer actually corresponds to nanoparticles containing the daughter polymer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1590–1600
Study on the Equilibrium Between Liquid Iron and Calcium Vapor
Authors: Berg Martin , Lee Jaewoo , Sichen Du 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The solubility of calcium in liquid iron at 1823 K and 1873 K (1550 °C and 1600 °C) as a function of calcium potential was studied experimentally. The measurements were performed using a closed molybdenum holder in which liquid calcium and liquid iron were held at different temperatures. The results indicate a linear relationship between the activity of calcium, relative to pure liquid calcium, and the mole fraction of dissolved calcium in liquid iron, with a negligible temperature dependency in the ranges studied. The activity coefficient of calcium in liquid iron at infinite dilution,

$$ \gamma_{{{\text{Ca}}({\text{l}})}}^{ \circ } , $$

γ

Ca
(
l
)

∘

,

was calculated as 1551.
Synthesis of Potential Pharmaceutical Heterocycles as Surface Active Agents
Authors: Howsaway Hamida O. , El‐Sayed Refat 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIsoxazole, pyrazole, pyran, pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives of fatty acids were synthesized as surface and bioactive heterocycles. Hydroxylation of these intermediates by propylene oxide produced easy‐to‐handle, efficient and quickly biodegradable surface active agents, which revealed the importance of their applications in safety for humans as well as the environment. These compounds showed good activity against bacteria and fungi, showing promise in applications of drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides.
EIGENVALUES OF GEOMETRIC OPERATORS RELATED TO THE WITTEN LAPLACIAN UNDER THE RICCI FLOW
Authors: FANG SHOUWEN , YANG FEI , ZHU PENG 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLet (M, g(t)) be a compact Riemannian manifold and the metric g(t) evolve by the Ricci flow. In the paper, we prove that the eigenvalues of geometric operator −Δφ + $\frac{R}{2}$ are non-decreasing under the Ricci flow for manifold M with some curvature conditions, where Δφ is the Witten Laplacian operator, φ ∈ C2(M), and R is the scalar curvature with respect to the metric g(t). We also derive the evolution of eigenvalues under the normalized Ricci flow. As a consequence, we show that compact steady Ricci breather with these curvature conditions must be trivial.
Mapping Application for Penguin Populations and Projected Dynamics (MAPPPD): data and tools for dynamic management and decision support
Authors: Humphries G.R.W. , Naveen R. , Schwaller M. , Che-Castaldo C. , McDowall P. , Schrimpf M. , Lynch H.J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe Mapping Application for Penguin Populations and Projected Dynamics (MAPPPD) is a web-based, open access, decision-support tool designed to assist scientists, non-governmental organisations and policy-makers working to meet the management objectives as set forth by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) and other components of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) (that is, Consultative Meetings and the ATS Committee on Environmental Protection). MAPPPD was designed specifically to complement existing efforts such as the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP) and the ATS site guidelines for visitors. The database underlying MAPPPD includes all publicly available (published and unpublished) count data on emperor, gentoo, Adélie and chinstrap penguins in Antarctica. Penguin population models are used to assimilate available data into estimates of abundance for each site and year. Results are easily aggregated across multiple sites to obtain abundance estimates over any user-defined area of interest. A front end web interface located at www.penguinmap.com provides free and ready access to the most recent count and modelled data, and can act as a facilitator for data transfer between scientists and Antarctic stakeholders to help inform management decisions for the continent.
The Skull of Wardley Hall
Authors: Bamber J. E. 
Published: February 2017

In 1918, the late Mr Ernest Axon wrote an article on the Wardley skull in which he stated:Of recent years it has been assumed, with great unanimity, that the well-known skull at Wardley is that of Father Ambrose Barlow, a Benedictine, who after a self-sacrificing life as a Catholic missioner in Lancashire, his native county, was in the year 1641 executed under the old law by which every Catholic priest was ipso facto a traitor.
Donne’s Catholicism: II
Authors: Flynn Dennis 
Published: February 2017

The years between Donne’s marriage in December 1601 and his ordination in January 1615 were the central period in his religious development during which, though he retained Catholic habits and sympathies, he began to refer to the Church of England as his church and ultimately took Anglican orders. Over forty years ago, G. R. Elliott pointed out how Donne’s biographers have slighted these middle years, portraying them as a merely dull hiatus between the libertine brilliance of Donne’s youth and hislater eloquent piety:
When an adequate critical biography of him comes to be written, it will interpret his whole life and work in the light of his middle phase. For this, as I have tried to suggest, was not merely a phase, much less a negligible phase. It represents the ground-tone of the whole man.But Bald and earlier biographers have generally misunderstood Donne’s middle years, on account of their acceptance of the idea, first expressed by Walton, that at the time of his marriage Donne had long since discarded his Catholicism and was either a free-thinking sceptic or a convinced adherent to Anglicanism. This has obscured the character and crucial importance of the middle period, which (like the whole of Donne’s life and work) cannot be comprehended apart from the conflict between Protestantism and Catholicism that continued to polarise English religious life during the first decade of the seventeenth century.
Iron-Mining in Restoration Furness: The Case of Sir Thomas Preston
Authors: Galgano Michael J. 
Published: February 2017

The iron-mining by Sir Thomas Preston of The Manor in Furness, Bart., is an interesting interlude in Restoration economic and legal history. First, it attests to the existence of iron-mining in Furness long before the eighteenth century and provides valuable insights into mining conditions and operations. Secondly, when Sir Thomas, a Catholic, attempted to dispose of his properties, including the iron-mines, to the Jesuits and the poor of Dalton parish, his cousin, Thomas Preston of Holker, Esq., initiated proceedings in the Court of Exchequer, claiming that the estates were forfeit because they had been granted for superstitious uses. In this article, the iron-mines will be examined both as lucrative producers of haematite ore and as a focal point of legal controversy.Sir Thomas Preston, second son of Sir John, was born in 1643. By 1665 he had succeeded to the family titles and estates after the deaths of his father and brother. He married twice, his second wife being Mary, the daughter of Caryll, Viscount Molyneux of Sefton, whose marriage portion was £4,000, with £2,000 paid in 1666 and the remainder in 1667. They had three children: Francis, who died an infant in 1672; Mary, who married William, Marquis of Powis; and Anne, who married Hugh, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh. Thus the 1660’s brought a happy marriage, children, and an improving financial position. The 1670’s brought the loss of his son and heir in 1672 and the sudden death of his second wife, after which Sir Thomas elected to abandon the world and enter the Society of Jesus. The two decades in his life are mirrored in the fate of his iron enterprise, which prospered in the ’sixties but then decayed rapidly.
Neoliberalism, linguistic commodification, and ethnolinguistic identity in multilingual Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishna , Phyak Prem 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines the consequences of neoliberalism in two separate domains of multilingual language use in the context of Nepal: language education and tourism. We show that institutions and individuals have appropriated and reproduced this ideology with their creative tactics, agency, and practices that both help them promote and commodify their ethnolinguistic identity and language skills while also allowing them to acquire multilingual repertoires in global languages such as English, German, Chinese, Japanese, and the indigenous local language Newari. We show that English as a global language does not always accord more cultural capital and economic value, nor is the teaching and learning of local indigenous languages always confined to the ideologies of identity politics and language preservation. We argue that while the ideologies of English as a global language and of indigenous languages as tools for ethnolinguistic identity do not disappear from the scene, new forces of globalization and neoliberalism bestow new meanings to multilingual repertoires and practices. (Neoliberalism, multilingualism, commodification, ethnolinguistic identity, Nepal)*
Self-image and intergenerational relationships as correlates of life satisfaction in Chinese older adults: will gender make a difference?
Authors: BAI XUE , GUO YU , FU YUAN YUAN 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPromoting life satisfaction in later life has long been both a policy and practice challenge. This study examined the association between older adults' self-image and life satisfaction, and that between their intergenerational relationships and life satisfaction. Given that sources of wellbeing for older men and women may vary due to socially constructed realities in early life, gender differences were also investigated in the correlates of life satisfaction. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in 2014 with a sample of 1,099 older adults aged 60 years and over from four cities in China. Findings of this study showed that older adults’ self-image and intergenerational relationships were significantly associated with their life satisfaction after controlling for certain socio-demographic characteristics, and health and self-care ability. The correlates of life satisfaction were shown to differ between older men and women. Programmes and Services should be developed for older adults to explore and identify positive aspects of themselves, to improve their relationships with their adult children, and to foster a more positive image of ageing in wider society. In addition, service providers should take gender differences in correlates of life satisfaction into account in service and intervention programme development.