bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of functionality, physical activity, cardiac and respiratory parameters between patients with mood disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Hüzmeli İrem , Katayıfçı Nihan , Görgün İrem , Lekesiz Eren , Kokaçya Mehmet Hanifi 
Published: September 2024

Background
The cardiorespiratory effect in mental illnesses has recently received much attention. However, the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of mood disorders have not been clearly demonstrated.

Aims
This study aims to compare individuals with mood disorders and healthy people in terms of exercise capacity, functionality, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnoea and physical activity level.

Method
This cross-sectional study involved 30 patients with mood disorders and 35 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Exercise capacity (6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), 3-Minute Step Test (3MST)), functionality (vertical jump test, functional reach test), respiratory parameters (respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function test), dyspnoea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale) and physical activity level (Short-Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) were evaluated.

Results
6MWT results (P < 0.001) and functional test scores (vertical jump test, P = 0.006; functional reach test, P < 0.001) were significantly lower, and heart rate recovery after 3MST (P < 0.001) was higher in mood disorder patients. Although patients' respiratory parameters were lower than healthy individuals, only measured and predicted respiratory muscle strength (P < 0.001), peak expiratory flow rate litres (P < 0.001), forced vital capacity predicted (P = 0.010) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s predicted (P = 0.002) values were statistically significantly different. Dyspnoea with activities was higher in patients (P < 0.001). Patients spent more time sitting (IPAQ, P < 0.001), but overall physical activity levels were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Patients with mood disorders had decreased exercise capacity and pulmonary function, lower functionality scores and respiratory muscle strength, and increased dyspnoea. Exercise-based rehabilitation protocols are recommended for the management of risk factors affecting the mood disorder patients' cardiorespiratory status.
Evidenced-Based Prior for Estimating the Treatment Effect of Phase III Randomized Trials in Oncology
Authors: Sherry Alexander D. , Msaouel Pavlos , Kupferman Gabrielle S. , Lin Timothy A. , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Kouzy Ramez , McCaw Zachary R. , Ludmir Ethan B. , van Zwet Erik 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

The primary results of phase III oncology trials may be challenging to interpret, given that results are generally based on
P
value thresholds. The probability of whether a treatment is beneficial, although more intuitive, is not usually provided. Here, we developed and released a user-friendly tool that calculates the probability of treatment benefit using trial summary statistics.

METHODS
We curated 415 phase III randomized trials enrolling 338,600 patients published between 2004 and 2020. A phase III prior probability distribution for the treatment effect was developed on the basis of a three-component zero-mean mixture distribution of the observed z-scores. Using this prior, we computed the probability of clinically meaningful benefit (hazard ratio [HR] <0.8). The distribution of signal-to-noise ratios and power of phase III oncology trials were compared with that of 23,551 randomized trials from the Cochrane Database.

RESULTS
The signal-to-noise ratios of phase III oncology trials tended to be much larger than randomized trials from the Cochrane Database. Still, the median power of phase III oncology trials was only 49% (IQR, 14%-95%), and the power was <80% in 65% of trials. Using the phase III oncology-specific prior, only 53% of trials claiming superiority (114 of 216) had a ≥90% probability of clinically meaningful benefits. Conversely, the probability that the experimental arm was superior to the control arm (HR <1) exceeded 90% in 17% of trials interpreted as having no benefit (34 of 199).

CONCLUSION
By enabling computation of contextual probabilities for the treatment effect from summary statistics, our robust, highly practical tool, now posted on a user-friendly webpage, can aid the wider oncology community in the interpretation of phase III trials.
Evolution of cooperation on dynamical asymmetrical networks with costs
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Sheng , Tao Boyu , Geng Lin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Social networks denote the structure of interactions among individuals. Adjusting social relationships is a typical reaction among humans attempting to interact with altruistic partners. Theoretical investigations proved that dynamical network structures promote the evolution of cooperation. However, individuals react differently to diverse social partners and interactions. Furthermore, a large variety of potential costs of partner switching occur in real-world interactions. Establishing and maintaining different interactions cost differently. Based on these motivations, this investigation studies the interplay between the dynamics on networks and the dynamics of networks, which entangles the evolution of strategies and topology of adaptive multilayer networks whose structure is divided into a gaming layer for reaping payoff and a learning layer for spreading strategy. Individuals react differently to overlapped and un-overlapped partners whose gaming interactions and learning interactions are identical or not. And the effects of overlap levels and rewiring costs on the evolution of cooperation are explored. Simulation results demonstrate that increasing the ratio of rewiring as well as the overlap levels can enhance the evolution of cooperation significantly. However, both too frequent rewiring and too high overlap levels can result in the increment of isolated nodes, and thus provide a sanctuary for defectors to survive and make cooperators hardly to occupy the whole population. Moreover, it is found that rewiring costs have dramatically different impacts on the evolution of cooperation for different overlap levels. For a low overlap level, increasing costs suppress the evolution of cooperation. Yet a high overlap level makes increasing costs favor the cooperator to spread. Our results reveal the condition for the domination of cooperation with asymmetrical interactions, which may provide a potential way to understand the evolutionary cooperation in human society.
Robot-Assisted Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using the Anterior Superior Mesenteric Artery-First Approach for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Fuji Tomokazu , Yasui Kazuya , Yamada Motohiko , Nishiyama Takeyoshi , Nagai Yasuo , Kanehira Noriyuki , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA)-first approach for pancreatic cancer (PC) is common surgical technique in pancreaticoduodenectomy. To date, few studies have reported SMA-first approach in robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD). Herein, we present the anterior SMA-first approach for PC during RPD.

Patient and Method
A 75-year-old man with resectable PC underwent RPD after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As pancreatic head tumor contacted with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), the anterior SMA approach was applied. After the mesenteric Kocher maneuver, the jejunum was divided and the left side of the SMA was dissected. Subsequently, the anterior plane of the SMA was dissected. Following the division of branches from the mesenteric vessels, the SMA was taped, and the circumferential dissection around the SMA was performed to detach the pancreatic neck from the SMA completely. Finally, the dissection between the SMV and the tumor was performed under vascular control to remove the specimen.

Conclusions
The anterior SMA-first approach can be optional in patients with PC undergoing RPD. This unique approach allows for the circumferential dissection around the SMA during RPD.
Sociedade do consumo, tributação e decolonialidade
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Olímpio de 
Published: September 2024

Objetivos: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a tributação sobre o consumo, especialmente no Brasil, como sendo regressiva e indireta, historicamente excludente. A tributação vem se estabelecendo mundialmente sobre o consumo, não sendo esta uma característica só do sistema brasileiro. O consumo é a base da sociedade moderna, global e dividida entre países de centro e de periferia. A tributação, por sua vez, aparato da sociedade moderna, contribui para o deslocamento do sujeito enquanto mercadoria, tornando a renda-consumida a medida objetiva e abstrata de verificação da capacidade contributiva, acarretando a ilusória compreensão de uma isonomia das oportunidades.
Metodologia: O método utilizado pelo estudo é o dedutivo e a pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico-documental, com abordagem qualitativa.
Resultados: Observamos, como resultado, que estamos diante de um processo naturalizado de economia que atravessa o sistema tributário com referências regressivas e amplia o fosso que separa a periferia do centro. No Brasil, desde sempre, a tributação fez-se indireta sobre produção, importação e consumo. Ao lado da tributação, em uma sociedade do consumo, a inflação, ou “imposto inflacionário”, é também um fato social, por permitir que os governos lucrem com a expansão monetária e a redução do poder de compra das famílias, privilegiando determinados atores sociais em detrimento das massas, na sociedade do consumo.
Conclusões: Portanto, podemos ver que o desenvolvimento sustentável dos países periféricos não está, ou não deve estar, em franca competição por uma condição equivalente aos países do centro, sendo este o ponto de partida para uma concepção sustentável de sociedade e, por decorrência, de um sistema tributário justo. O presente artigo visa a levantar essas hipóteses e teses.
Percepções e desafios de profissionais da enfermagem sobre punção venosa periférica difícil na oncologia
Authors: Miranda Amanda Loyse da Costa , Sagica Taís dos Passos , Nicolussi Adriana Cristina , Parente Andressa Tavares , Toffano Silmara Elaine Malaguti , Ramos Aline Maria Pereira Cruz 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: compreender as percepções e os desafios da equipe de enfermagem a respeito da punção venosa periférica difícil em adultos na oncologia. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, realizado com 17 profissionais de enfermagem da unidade de oncologia de um hospital universitário entre janeiro e maio de 2022, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas por conteúdo de Bardin, com uso do software Iramuteq para exploração do corpus textual. Resultados: foram obtidas cinco três subcategorias: fatores de risco, competência clínica, sentimento e aptidão sobre punção venosa periférica difícil, com divergência entre enfermeiros e técnicos nesta última. Conclusão: identificou-se diferentes percepções sobre a punção venosa periférica difícil foi diferente entre os técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros. Entre os desafios, foram citados as competências técnicas e os fatores clínicos a serem observados frente a punção venosa periférica difícil.
Caesarean section vs vaginal birth: a narrative review of decision making and postnatal outcomes
Authors: Sylvania Egbuonu Ifechukwu , Higgins Katie 
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims Few studies have mapped decision-making factors behind mode of birth to postpartum outcomes. This review's aim was to compare factors that drive women's decision making on mode of birth and postnatal outcomes. Methods This narrative literature review of Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and Wiley Online Library explored studies published from 2000 onwards that compared caesarean section and vaginal birth in relation to decision-making factors and postnatal quality of life. Extracted data were analysed thematically. Results A total of 10 articles were included. Most women favoured vaginal birth, associating it with satisfaction, fear of surgery and cultural norms. Caesarean sections were favoured because of a fear of pain, previous caesarean section experience and the perception that it was easier. There were poorer physical and mental postpartum quality of life outcomes for caesarean sections and assisted vaginal birth, even after 10 years. Conclusions Healthcare professionals require more exposure to supporting women to decide on mode of birth. Routine checks for new mothers require a holistic, person-centred approach as opposed to generalised care. Implications for practice Healthcare workers can and should make every contact with intending and present mothers count. Open conversations about childbirth need to be had, even outside of women's health spaces, with appropriate referrals and signposting to best available evidence for informed decisions to be made regarding mode of childbirth and expected outcomes.
SiO2-capped ZnO quantum dot based highly sensitive optical fiber humidity sensor with potential applications in human breath monitoring and voice print recognition
Authors: Mohan Sunil , Negi Manish Singh 
Published: September 2024

This article describes the development and characterization of an optical fiber humidity sensor employing intensity modulation via the evanescent wave (EW) absorption technique. For the development of the sensor, SiO2-capped ZnO quantum dot (QDs) thin film is synthesized over the decladded portion of plastic cladding silica (PCS) fiber via the sol-gel method. A thorough experimental investigation was conducted by varying the thickness of the sensing film to optimize the sensor’s response. The sensing probe with optimized film thickness of 891 nm demonstrates a linear response over 30.5%–92.5%RH with an enhanced sensitivity of 46.2 mV/%RH (0.0138RH−1). Very fast response and recovery times of 2 s and 2.5 s are observed during humidification and dehumidification for the optimized sensing probe. The maximum resolution recorded during the short stability test is ±0.12%RH. Additionally, the proposed sensor demonstrates a very high degree of repeatability, reversibility, and stability. The proposed sensor has also been tested for human breath monitoring and voice print recognition. The result shows the sensor is able to detect minute humidity fluctuations in exhaled air during breathing and speaking.
“It’s just getting the word out there”: Self-disclosure by people with young-onset dementia
Authors: Kohl Gianna , Koh Wei Qi , Scior Katrina , Charlesworth Georgina 
Published: September 2024

Background
Sharing a dementia diagnosis with others is a prerequisite to accessing important support for social, cognitive, and physical activity. However, due to the stigma associated with dementia, individuals may be hesitant to disclose their diagnosis. Despite the importance of this issue, there is limited research on personal experiences with sharing one’s diagnosis. This study explored how people with young-onset dementia disclose their diagnosis to other people, also known as self-disclosure, and how time affects self-disclosure.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with nine people with young-onset dementia living in the United Kingdom (UK). A narrative approach to analysis was applied, focusing on understanding the core narratives, themes, tone, and imagery of each participant’s narratives as well as providing a cross-case analysis to identify patterns across narratives.

Results
Participants openly disclosed their diagnosis, accepting it as an illness that did not define their identity. Several were met with stigmatizing reactions, which affected their levels of openness, and a lack of understanding, which caused shrinking social networks for some. Peer support groups, advocacy activities, and strategic concealment were used to support self-disclosure.

Conclusion
This study provides a holistic understanding of people with young-onset dementia’s experiences with self-disclosure and how these evolved. Policies should prioritize the creation of dementia-friendly communities, while recommendations for practice include integrating empowerment interventions and peer support into post-diagnostic support. These efforts will support individuals in their self-disclosure journey, promote social engagement and reduce stigma.
Negotiating familial mental illness stigma: The role of family members of persons living with mental illnesses
Authors: Adu Joseph , Oudshoorn Abram , Anderson Kelly , Marshall Carrie Anne , Stuart Heather 
Published: September 2024

Background
This study explores how family members of individuals with mental illnesses address potential familial mental illness stigma. Previous studies have concentrated on self, social, and associative stigma and its impacts on families and persons with mental illnesses. Far less work has considered family members as perpetrators of mental illness stigma towards their loved ones with mental illnesses.

Methodology/Principal findings
We conducted this study with 15 participants who were family members of persons with mental illnesses using semi-structured qualitative interviews. The in-depth interviews were followed by inductive analysis using Braun and Clarke’s technique for thematic analysis. Participants’ views on familial mental illness stigma and ways to reduce this were reported in five key themes. The themes included: (1) layered perspectives of social and family stigma; (2) family-related stigma; (3) complex interplay of family relationships and mental illness; (4) confronting stigma personally; and (5) envisioning a better future. The uncertainties connected with mental illnesses and the increased social stigma were conceptualized as contributors to familial mental illness stigma as ways to prevent potential associative stigma.

Conclusion/Significance
Participants suggested the need for more social contact-based education and positive media reporting to correct the ongoing fallacies around mental illnesses. This study highlights how higher-order reforms to social systems and services would support both families and those living with mental illnesses to have more positive experiences.
Association of visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation products with prediabetes in US adults from NHANES 2007–2020: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Qiu Li-Ting , Zhang Ji-Dong , Fan Bo-Yan , Li Ling , Sun Gui-Xiang 
Published: September 2024

Background
The lipid accumulation product (LAP) and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) are suggested as dependable measures for assessing visceral fat levels. Prediabetes is recognized as a condition that precedes the potential onset of diabetes. The objective of this research is to investigate how VAI and LAP are related to prediabetes among the adult population in the United States.

Methods
Information from the 2007–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was scrutinized in a cross-sectional study. To evaluate the connection between VAI or LAP and the presence of prediabetes, both univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were utilized. Threshold effect analysis and fitted smoothing curves were used to delve into the non-linear association between VAI or LAP and prediabetes. Additional analyses were performed on specific subgroups, along with tests to explore potential interactions.

Results
In general, 12,564 American adults were included. After full adjustment, prediabetes with VAI (OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 1.073–1.185) or LAP (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.004–1.008) showed a positive correlation. Individuals in the 4th VAI quartile group faced a significant 61.9% elevated risk for prediabetes (OR: 1.619, 95% CI: 1.354–1.937) when contrasted to those in the 1st VAI quartile. Participants in the 4th LAP quartile group had a significant 116.4% elevated risk for prediabetes (OR: 2.164, 95% CI: 1.747–2.681) when contrasted to individuals of the 1st LAP quartile. Smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a nonlinear correlation of VAI or LAP and prediabetes, and threshold effect analysis was used to determine an inflection point of 4.090 for VAI and 68.168 for LAP.

Conclusions
The values of VAI and LAP are positively associated with the prevalence of prediabetes. The VAI and LAP indices may be used as predictors of prediabetes.
Acute and sub-chronic oral GLP toxicity of Withania somnifera root extract in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Wangikar Pralhad , Chaudhari Pradhnya , Sharma Eshita , Godse Chhaya , Vora Ashit , Nair Sujit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives

Withania somnifera (WS) is a valuable medicinal plant that has been used against several ailments. The medicinal properties of WS are ascribed to existence of secondary metabolites which are in great demand in herbal nutraceutical industry. Despite well-known therapeutic effects of WS, it is necessary to assess preclinical toxicity of WS plant on rats and further explore its potential application against treatment of various disorders in humans. The existing study assessed oral acute and sub-chronic toxicities of WS root extract in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (male and female) for 14 and 90 days, respectively under OECD-423 and -408 guidelines as well as GLP compliance.

Methods
In acute toxicity, rats of either sex were orally fed a dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In sub-chronic toxicity, animals were orally administered repeated doses of WS root extract at 250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg for 90 days with an additional 14-day recovery period. Two more groups (n=5 animals each) receiving vehicle and 1,000 mg/kg of WS root extract for 90 days were also observed.

Results
In acute toxicity, the results revealed that LD50 of WS root extract in SD rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In sub-chronic toxicity, oral administration of extract for 90 days showed no significant toxicological changes in rats. Haematological and serum chemistry markers were found within normal range. Terminal necropsy showed no gross or histopathological outcomes.

Conclusions
The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WS root extract was 1,000 mg/kg body weight, and safe to use at this dose in rats.
The Influence of STEM-Based Digital Learning on 6C Skills of Elementary School Students
Authors: Zainil Melva , Kenedi Ary Kiswanto , Rahmatina  , Indrawati Tin , Handrianto Ciptro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-based digital learning has shown a significant impact on enhancing the 6C skills (character, citizenship, critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, and communication) of elementary school students. This quasi-experimental study, involving 200 participants from primary schools, compared the efficacy of STEM-based digital learning against STEM-conventional methods in fostering these essential twenty-first-century skills. Data were collected through case study tests and analyzed to evaluate the differences in skill development between the two groups. The results indicate a noticeable improvement in the 6C skills among students engaged in STEM-based digital learning compared to those in STEM-conventional settings, with the former group achieving higher average scores across the skill set. These findings highlight the value of adopting STEM-based digital learning in elementary education to better prepare students with the competencies necessary for their future. This research underscores the positive influence of innovative learning models on developing critical life skills in elementary school students.