bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Spatiotemporal Gait Characteristics, Balance, and Pain in Forefoot and Rearfoot Problems: Preliminary Results
Authors: Yıldız Sulenur , Kirdi Elif , Topuz Semra , Bek Nilgun 
Published: September 2024

Background: Foot problems are common in the general adult population. Whereas older people experience foot problems because of multiple chronic diseases, younger people often have musculoskeletal foot problems related to overuse. Symptoms and severity may differ depending on the anatomical location of the problem, such as forefoot and rearfoot problems. We aimed to compare the differences in spatiotemporal gait characteristics, balance, and pain in musculoskeletal forefoot and rearfoot problems.
Methods: Twenty-six patients with forefoot (14 participants) and rearfoot (12 participants) problems participated in this prospective study. Spatiotemporal gait characteristics (velocity, cadence, step time, step length, step-extremity ratio, stride length, base support, percentage of swing phase, percentage of stance phase, swing time, and stance time) were evaluated using an electronic walkway, and balance assessment was made using a balance check screener and trainer. The visual analog scale foot and ankle was used to determine patient pain levels. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences between groups.
Results: There were no significant differences between groups regarding spatiotemporal gait characteristics (P > .05). The eyes closed normal stability and eyes open perturbed stability scores were lower in patients with rearfoot problems (P < .05). Pain intensity evaluated with the visual analog scale foot and ankle was higher in patients with rearfoot problems (P < .05).
Conclusions: Pain levels and balance deficits in this study were higher in patients with rearfoot problems. The balance evaluation and possible effects of pain management on balance should be considered, especially in patients with rearfoot problems, in aspects of treatment.
Diversifikasi Olahan Bawang: Upaya Peningkatan Manfaat dan Nilai Ekonomi
Authors: Rosyidah Afifah , Ediati Ratna , Murwani Irmina Kris 
Published: September 2024

Bawang putih dan bawang merah banyak digunakan sebagai penyedap alami karena mempunyai rasa yang kuat pada bumbu alami berbagai jenis masakan. Menambahkan bawang putih atau bawang merah pada berbagai jenis masakan apapun akan menghasilkan aroma dan rasanya menjadi lebih gurih, nikmat dan lezat, baik pada berbagai menu rebusan maupun tumisan. Kian hari harga bawang terus bergerak meningkat, keadaan ini seringkali terjadi akibat pasokan yang semakin berkurang di pasaran. Curah hujan yang tidak stabil di beberapa wilayah, kenaikan bahan bakar transportasi, serta musim panen yang mulai berakhir di beberapa sentra penghasil bawang merupakan faktor dominan naik turunnya harga bawang putih dan bawang merah ini. Keadaan ini seringkali membuat kuwatir para pelaku UMKM kuliner, ibu rumah tangga bahkan industri makanan rumahan, termasuk kelompok usaha yang bergerak di sektor makanan, tidak terkecuali UMKM kuliner yang ada di wilayah Keputih Surabaya; mengingat fungsi penting bawang pada bumbu makanan-makanan yang diolah. Keadaan tersebut terkadang menjadi pilihan yang sangat sulit, di satu sisi kalau harga jual dinaikkan konsumen cenderung lari namun apabila tidak dinaikkan harga jualnya maka untuk modal berikutnya UMKM ini akan mengalami kesulitan. Oleh karena itu biasanya diambil jalan tengah, harga tetap namun ukuran penjualan ke konsumen agak dikurangi. Pelaksanaan Kegiataan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat berbasis Produk ini didasarkan sebagai fasilitas memberikan solusi permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut, sehingga upaya kelangsungan kegiatan jual beli yang selama ini telah dilakukan tidak terhenti dan upaya untuk terus meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dapat terlaksana. Pada kegiaatan ini melibatkan UMKM kuliner, pemasok bawang, ibu-ibu PKK, karang taruna dan remaja di wilayah Keputih Surabaya; yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan modifikasi dan diversifikasi olahan bawang. Teknologi pengelolaan dalam modifikasi dan diversifikasi olahan bawang yang dimaksud adalah transfer ilmu dan metoda serta pendampingan yang terus-menerus dilakukan oleh pengabdi mulai dari awal stok bawang segar diterima, cara penyimpanan, pengelolaan suhu dan kelembaban, proses produksi serta variasi modifikasi produk olahan bawang; tidak hanya bawang goreng namun bisa juga diolah menjadi bawang serbuk, pasta bawang, minyak bawang ataupun bawang aneka rasa. Produk ini juga akan dianalisa komposisi hasil produksi yang didapatkan serta terus menerus dimonitor supaya sesuai dengan SNI sehingga memenuhi kecukupan gizinya.
A mutant form of 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase gives altered androst-1,4-diene-3, 17-dione/androst-4-ene-3,17-dione molar ratios in steroid biotransformations by Mycobacterium neoaurum ST-095
Authors: Shao Minglong , Zhang Xian , Rao Zhiming , Xu Meijuan , Yang Taowei , Li Hui , Xu Zhenghong , Yang Shangtian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Mycobacterium neoaurum ST-095 and its mutant M. neoaurum JC-12, capable of transforming phytosterol to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD), produce very different molar ratios of ADD/AD. The distinct differences were related to the enzyme activity of 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase (KSDD), which catalyzes the C1,2 dehydrogenation of AD to ADD specifically. In this study, by analyzing the primary structure of KSDDI (from M. neoaurum ST-095) and KSDDII (from M. neoaurum JC-12), we found the only difference between KSDDI and KSDDII was the mutation of Val366 to Ser366. This mutation directly affected KSDD enzyme activity, and this result was confirmed by heterologous expression of these two enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. Assay of the purified recombinant enzymes showed that KSDDII has a higher C1,2 dehydrogenation activity than KSDDI. The functional difference between KSDDI and KSDDII in phytosterol biotransformation was revealed by gene disruption and complementation. Phytosterol transformation results demonstrated that ksdd I and ksdd II gene disrupted strains showed similar ADD/AD molar ratios, while the ADD/AD molar ratios of the ksdd I and ksdd II complemented strains were restored to their original levels. These results proved that the different ADD/AD molar ratios of these two M. neoaurum strains were due to the differences in KSDD. Finally, KSDD structure analysis revealed that the Val366Ser mutation could possibly play an important role in stabilizing the active center and enhancing the interaction of AD and KSDD. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for understanding the structure and catalytic mechanism of the Mycobacteria KSDD enzyme.
Metabolic engineering ofRhodopseudomonas palustris for squalene production
Authors: Xu Wen , Chai Changbin , Shao Lingqiao , Yao Jia , Wang Yang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSqualene is a strong antioxidant used extensively in the food, cosmetic and medicine industries. Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 was used as the host because of its ability to grow photosynthetically using solar energy and carbon dioxide from atmosphere. The deletion of the shc gene resulted in a squalene production of 3.8 mg/g DCW, which was 27-times higher than that in the wild type strain. For constructing a substrate channel to elevate the conversion efficiency, we tried to fuse crtE gene with hpnD gene. By fusing the two genes, squalene content was increased to 12.6 mg/g DCW, which was 27.4 % higher than that resulted from the co-expression method. At last, the titer of squalene reached 15.8 mg/g DCW by co-expressing the dxs gene, corresponding to 112-fold increase relative to that for wild-type strain. This study provided novel strategies for improving squalene yield and demonstrated the potential of producing squalene by Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
Clinical management of endometriosis‐associated infertility
Authors: Khine Yin Mon , Taniguchi Fuminori , Harada Tasuku 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEndometriosis is a common chronic benign disease that affects reproductive age women and causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of endometriosis‐associated infertility are unknown, and precise standards of management have not yet been established. Medical and surgical treatments for endometriosis have different effects on the chance of conception, either spontaneously or via assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In this manuscript, we review the literature from years 1979 to 2015 to report on the proposed mechanism of endometriosis‐associated infertility, the staging system of endometriosis for pregnancy outcomes and the current management of patients with endometriosis‐associated infertility.
Developmental lead exposure and lifespan alterations in epigenetic regulators and their correspondence to biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Eid Aseel , Bihaqi Syed Waseem , Renehan William E. , Zawia Nasser H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionEarly life lead (Pb) exposure results in a latent increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD)–related proteins, and cognitive deficits late in life in both rodents and primates. This study was conducted to investigate if these late life changes were accompanied by epigenetic alterations.MethodsWestern blot analysis and RT‐PCR were used to measure Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation regulators (DNMT1, DNMT3a, MeCP2, MAT2A) and histone proteins (H3K9Ac, H3K4me2, H3K27me3).ResultsCerebral levels of DNMT1 and MeCP2 were significantly reduced in mice exposed to Pb early in life, whereas the expression of DNMT3a was not altered. Levels of MAT2a were increased in the Pb‐exposed mice across the lifespan. H3K9Ac and H3K4me2, involved in gene activation, were decreased, whereas the repressive mark H3K27me3 was elevated.DiscussionEpigenetic modifiers are affected by the developmental exposure to Pb and may play a role in mediating the latent increases in AD‐related proteins in the brain.
Fetal vascular adaptation before and after treatment of severe maternal anemia in pregnancy
Authors: Ali Eram , Kumar Manisha , Naqvi Sayyed E.H. , Trivedi Shubha S. , Singh Anuradha 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo use color Doppler ultrasonography indices to study the effects on fetal circulation of treating severe maternal anemia.MethodsA prospective cohort study enrolled patients who were at 30–34 weeks of pregnancy and had hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L between November 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013 at a hospital in New Delhi, India. A control group consisting of patients with the same duration of pregnancy and with hemoglobin levels above 110 g/L was included. Umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery velocimetry were performed using color Doppler ultrasonography at admission and after 4 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe maternal anemia cohort demonstrated a significantly lower middle cerebral artery resistance index and middle cerebral/umbilical artery resistance ratio (P < 0.001) at admission. Following 4 weeks of treatment for maternal anemia, significant increases in these parameters were observed (P < 0.001).ConclusionFetuses of individuals with severe maternal anemia demonstrated altered cerebral and umbilical artery flows. Normal flows were restored following treatment of maternal anemia.
National and Regional Representativeness of Hospital Emergency Department Visit Data in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program, United States, 2014
Authors: Coates Ralph J. , Pérez Alejandro , Baer Atar , Zhou Hong , English Roseanne , Coletta Michael , Dey Achintya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the representativeness of the nonfederal hospital emergency department (ED) visit data in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP).MethodsWe used the 2012 American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database, other databases, and information from state and local health departments participating in the NSSP about which hospitals submitted data to the NSSP in October 2014. We compared ED visits for hospitals submitting data with all ED visits in all 50 states and Washington, DC.ResultsApproximately 60.4 million of 134.6 million ED visits nationwide (~45%) were reported to have been submitted to the NSSP. ED visits in 5 of 10 regions and the majority of the states were substantially underrepresented in the NSSP. The NSSP ED visits were similar to national ED visits in terms of many of the characteristics of hospitals and their service areas. However, visits in hospitals with the fewest annual ED visits, in rural trauma centers, and in hospitals serving populations with high percentages of Hispanics and Asians were underrepresented.ConclusionsNSSP nonfederal hospital ED visit data were representative for many hospital characteristics and in some geographic areas but were not very representative nationally and in many locations. Representativeness could be improved by increasing participation in more states and among specific types of hospitals. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:562–569)
GENERALIZED EXPLICIT DESCENT AND ITS APPLICATION TO CURVES OF GENUS 3
Authors: BRUIN NILS , POONEN BJORN , STOLL MICHAEL 
Published: February 2016

We introduce a common generalization of essentially all known methods for explicit computation of Selmer groups, which are used to bound the ranks of abelian varieties over global fields. We also simplify and extend the proofs relating what is computed to the cohomologically defined Selmer groups. Selmer group computations have been practical for many Jacobians of curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ of genus up to 2 since the 1990s, but our approach is the first to be practical for general curves of genus 3. We show that our approach succeeds on some genus 3 examples defined by polynomials with small coefficients.
Experiments in rotating plane Couette flow – momentum transport by coherent roll-cell structure and zero-absolute-vorticity state
Authors: Kawata Takuya , Alfredsson P. Henrik 
Published: February 2016

In spanwise rotating plane Couette flow (RPCF) a secondary flow dominated by three-dimensional roll-cell structures develops. At high enough rotation rates the flow exhibits a state of zero absolute vorticity at the centre of the channel, as described by Suryadi et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 89, 2014, 033003). They suggested that the zero-absolute-vorticity state is caused by the secondary flow motion of the coherent roll-cell structure induced by the Coriolis force. In the present study we focus on the momentum transport caused by the roll-cell structure of laminar RPCF in order to further understand how the zero-absolute-vorticity state is maintained by the coherent roll cells. The flow is studied through stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements, which allow both the Reynolds shear stress and the wall shear stress to be quantified and used as measures of the momentum transport across the channel. Various types of roll-cell structures at different system rotation rates and the momentum transport induced by them are investigated, and the processes in which the momentum is transported in the wall-normal direction are discussed based on a displaced-particle argument as well as the production of the Reynolds stresses. It is shown that the wall-normal fluid motion driven by secondary flow of the roll-cell structure induces two different effects on the mean flow which conflict each other, the momentum transport in the wall-normal direction and the Coriolis acceleration, and the zero-absolute-vorticity state is a stable state where these two effects cancel each other.
Trust and Obey: Toward a New Theory of Punishment
Authors: Hoekema David A. 
Published: February 2016

An impartial observer reviewing the Anglo-American philosophical writings of recent decades on the question of the justification of punishment would very likely label the contest, thus far, a draw. Three major justifications have been put forward as principles constitutive of fairness in punishment, and none can be said to have routed its rivals.Some modern writers have written forcefully in defence of the rehabilitative justification of punishment — or, more precisely, the replacement of punishment with a system of judicially mandated therapy for criminals. This substitution, however, has been tellingly criticized as demeaning to offenders, violative of individuals' moral rights, and liable to abuse as a pretext for suppression of unpopular ideas. Others have sought to justify punishment on the basis of the societal need to deter crime. But deterrence seems at the same time too severe and too lenient a basis for punishment. Draconian penalties for minor offences and exemplary punishment of the innocent would meet the requirements of deterrence if they proved effective in preventing future crimes; yet offences whose nature or whose pattern of occurrence makes effective deterrence impossible should go unpunished, on this view.
Frontal Behavioral Inventory: Diagnostic Criteria for Frontal Lobe Dementi
Authors: Kertesz Andrew , Davidson Wilda , Fox Hannah 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:Objective:To utilize the diagnostic criteria of frontal lobe dementia (FLD).Methods:We studied 12 patients with FLD diagnosed clinically, with radiological confirmation in 10 and autopsy confirmation in 2; sixteen patients with Alzheimer's disease matched for stage and severity to FLD and 11 patients with depressive dementia were used as control groups. A 24-item Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) using the most relevant behavioral manifestations of FLD was administered in these populations.Results:FLD patient scores on the FBI were much higher compared with control groups (AD and DD). Item analysis showed loss of insight, indifference, distractibility, personal neglect and apathy as the most frequent negative symptoms. Perseveration, disinhibition, inappropriateness, impulsivity, and irresponsibility were the most significant positive symptoms. An operational definition of FLD included a minimum FBI score of 27. Only one false positive was shown in the depressive group and none among the AD group, indicating little overlap between patient groups, and a high discriminating value of the FBI.Conclusions:The FBI appears to be a useful diagnostic instrument and a method to operate the behavioral criteria of FLD. Further prospective studies are warranted to establish validity.
Measuring Bias in Uncontrolled Brain Tumor Trials – to Randomize or Not to Randomize?
Authors: Irish William D. , Macdonald David R. , Cairncross J. Gregory 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:Purpose:To help investigators decide if new therapies for glioma warrant definitive evaluation in randomized studies we have been developing a method for assessing the degree to which patient selection may have enhanced the results of uncontrolled treatment trials. In this study, we analyzed the impact of case selection on the survival of patients with malignant glioma receiving adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery, a promising therapy reserved for those with small tumors and good performance status.Methods:Following published eligibility criteria we simulated the patient selection process for stereotactic radiosurgery given as a boost at the conclusion of conventional radiotherapy. Eligible patients were culled from a pre-existing clinical/imaging database of 101 consecutive conventionally-treated patients with biopsy-proven malignant glioma and known survival times. Median durations of survival and 2- and 3-year survival rates were determined for those judged eligible or ineligible for stereotactic radiosurgery.Results:Twenty-seven percent of patients were deemed eligible for stereotactic radiosurgery, eligible patients had more favorable prognostic factors and significantly longer median survival than ineligible patients (23.4 vs. 8.6 months; 2-year rate, 48% vs. 15%; 3-year rate, 30% vs. 7%); eligible patients also had a longer median survival than the entire group of unselected patients (23.4 vs. 11.4 months). Radiosurgery-eligible, conventionally-treated patients with glioblastoma multiforme and a group of radiosurgery-treated patients at a special referral center had similar median survival times (16.4 vs. 19.7 months).Conclusion:We provide additional evidence for selection bias in uncontrolled trials of stereotactic radiosurgery and by simulating the selection process accurately have detected a larger bias effect than noted previously. Judging from experience with interstitial radiation and intraarterial chemotherapy where substantial selection bias also occurred and randomized controlled trials proved disappointing, we conclude that a phase III study of stereotactic radiosurgery for malignant glioma is unlikely to yield a positive result and may not be necessary.
Prognostic Factors in Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Schiffer D. , Dutto A. , Cavalla P. , Bosone I. , Chiò A. , Villani R. , Bellotti C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:Background:A reliable marker for tumor oligodendroglial cells is not yet available, so that the histological recognition of the tumor still encounters uncertainties. There is no general agreement also on prognostic factors in oligodendroglioma. The inconsistency concerns mainly the histopathological factors. The aim of the study was recognition of prognostic factors in oligodendroglioma.Methods:In a series of ninety-eight oligodendrogliomas, including twenty mixed oligoastrocytomas, clinical [sex, age at surgery, tumor location, symptoms at presentation], therapeutic [extent of resection, year of surgery, post-operative Karnofsky score, post-operative radiotherapy, post-operative chemotherapy], histological [cell density, nuclear pleomorphism, vascular endothelial proliferation, necrosis, microcysts, mitoses, mitotic index (MI), apoptosis, apoptotic index (AI)] and immunohistochemical parameters [MIB-1 and PCNA Labeling Indexes (Lis), staining for GFAP, positivity for p53] were correlated with survival in uni- and multivariate analysis in order to identify their prognostic significance.Results:Age at surgery, extent of surgical resection, year of surgery, postoperative Karnofsky score and MIB-1 LI were associated with survival in both uni- and multivariate analysis. Location, symptoms at presentation, mitoses, MI, AI, and PCNA LI showed a significant correlation with survival in uni- but not in multivariate analysis. The twenty cases of oligoastrocytomas did not show any difference in survival from pure oligodendrogliomas.Conclusions:Some clinical and therapeutic factors together with MIB-1 LI play a prognostic role. MIB-1 LI is prognostic with a cutoff of 8%. Histology gives a limited contribution to the prognosis. Oligoastrocytomas had the same outcome and prognostic factors as pure oligodendrogliomas.
An Electroencephalographic Classification for Coma
Authors: Young G.B. , McLachlan R.S. , Kreeft J.H. , Demelo J.D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:Background:The assessment of thalamocortical function in comatose patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be difficult to determine. Since the electroencephalogram (EEG) affords such assessment, we have developed an EEG classification for comatose patients in our general ICU.Methods:One hundred EEGs were classified in a blinded fashion by two EEGers, using our method and that of Synek. Interobserver agreement was assessed using kappa score determination.Results:Kappa scores were 0.90 for our system and 0.75 for the Synek system. (The Kappa score represents the inter-rater agreement that is beyond chance; 0.90 is almost perfect agreement, while 0.75 is substantial agreement).Conclusion:Our system for classifying EEGs in comatose patients has a higher interobserver reliability than one that was previously published. This EEG classification scheme should be useful in clinical electrophysiological research involving ICU patients, allowing for internal consistency and comparisons among centres.