bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward understanding family‐related characteristics of young adults with sickle‐cell disease or sickle‐cell trait in the USA
Authors: Hershberger Patricia E , Gallo Agatha M , Molokie Robert , Thompson Alexis A , Suarez Marie L , Yao Yingwei , Dallas Constance M , Wilkie Diana J 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the family‐related characteristics of young adults with sickle‐cell disease or sickle‐cell trait prior to taking part in a randomised controlled trial on sickle‐cell reproductive health education.BackgroundThere is a critical need for educational programmes that target the reproductive needs of young adults with sickle‐cell disease or trait. However, little is known about the family‐related characteristics (i.e., demographic attributes and reproductive health behaviours) in which these young adults live.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional analysis.MethodAt study enrolment, 234 young adults (mean age = 25·9 years, 65% female) completed the SCKnowIQ questionnaire. Descriptive statistics depict the demographic attributes and reproductive health behaviours of young adults with sickle‐cell disease (n = 138) or trait (n = 96). For group comparisons, independent t tests or Fisher's tests were used, as appropriate.ResultsYoung adults with sickle‐cell trait had significantly higher education, income and health insurance than those with sickle‐cell disease. Both groups believed that sickle‐cell disease was a severe condition. A majority of young adults with sickle‐cell disease (65%) had no children compared to 42% of those with sickle‐cell trait. Most young adults (85% sickle‐cell disease, 82% sickle‐cell trait) were not planning a pregnancy in the next six months, and many used condoms, withdrawal or oral contraceptives.ConclusionsSocioeconomic disparities exist between young adults with sickle‐cell disease and sickle‐cell trait. Future research that advances education about how and when to communicate appropriate genetic risk information to partners and children especially for young adults with sickle‐cell trait would be beneficial.Relevance to clinical practiceAwareness of the similarities and differences in the family‐related characteristics among young adults with sickle‐cell disease or trait can allow for more tailored reproductive education.
Green Technology and Optimal Emissions Taxation
Authors: McDONALD STUART , POYAGO‐THEOTOKY JOANNA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnless an active environmental policy exists, firms have no incentive to engage in abatement or environmental R&D so policy design is of paramount importance. This design heavily depends on the way R&D spillovers operate. There are two distinct types of R&D spillover: output spillover and input spillover. An input spillover operates on the expenditure toward pollution reduction, whereas an output spillover manifests as the achieved abatement. Under optimal emissions taxation, significant differences arise due to this distinction, in particular, when the spillover operates on R&D inputs. In an oligopolistic setting, the result is higher R&D expenditure, but also higher aggregate emissions and, consequently, higher emissions taxes. By contrast, when spillovers occur in R&D output, there is a U‐shaped relationship between the optimal tax and the spillover, showing a trade‐off between the optimal tax rate and spillovers when these are low. In terms of the relative effectiveness of different R&D organization setups, combining emissions taxes with R&D cooperation, this paper shows that under low levels of R&D spillover R&D cooperation gives higher emissions reductions, whereas when spillovers are high this is not the case.
Exogenous hydrogen sulphide ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by reversing disordered calcium-handling system in sarcoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Cheng Yu-Si , Dai De-Zai , Dai Yin , Zhu Dong-Dong , Liu Bi-Cheng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has been found to be involved in cardiovascular diseases, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sodium hydrogen sulphide (NaHS), the donor of H2S, can improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by reversing disordered calcium-handling system in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).

Methods
Sprague Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) to build diabetic model. Treatment groups included: aminoguanidine group (AG, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and NaHS group (5 mg/kg per day, s.c.).

Key findings
Cardiac dysfunction and myocardial hypertrophy were found in diabetic model (DM) group, along with increased ROS levels and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of NADPH p22phox, endothelin A receptor (ETA) and protein kinase Cε (PKCε). Expressions of calcium-handling proteins in SR including FK506-binding proteins (FKBP12.6), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) and calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) were downregulated in DM group, accompanied by elevated concentration of diastolic free calcium in high glucose-incubated cardiomyocytes, indicating of calcium leak. After treated by NaHS, these abnormalities were attenuated significantly.

Conclusions
Exogenous H2S played a protective role in diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting abnormal calcium-handling system in SR and ET-NADPH oxidase-PKCε pathway.
Comparison of Serum Spec fPL™and 1,2‐o‐Dilauryl‐Rac‐Glycero‐3‐Glutaric Acid‐(6′‐Methylresorufin) Ester Assay in 60 Cats Using Standardized Assessment of Pancreatic Histology
Authors: Oppliger S. , Hilbe M. , Hartnack S. , Zini E. , Reusch C.E. , Kook P.H. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundFeline pancreas‐specific lipase (SpecfPL) is considered a useful test for the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats. A recent study found good agreement between the results of the SpecfPLand catalytic 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase assay. Prospective studies evaluating their sensitivity and specificity are lacking.ObjectivesTo compare the results of the SpecfPLand theDGGRassays with a standardized histologic assessment of the pancreas.AnimalsSixty client‐owned cats presented for necropsy.MethodsProspective study: SpecfPLconcentrations and serumDGGRlipase activity were measured from the same blood sample. The pancreas was removed within 3 hours after euthanasia; serial transverse sections were made every 0.5 cm throughout the entire pancreas and reviewed using a histologic grading scheme. Sensitivity and specificity for the SpecfPLandDGGRassay results were determined.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity for the SpecfPLassay (cutoff value ≥5.4 μg/L) was 42.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 29.4–55.9%] and 100% (95% CI, 31.0–100.0%). The sensitivity and specificity for theDGGRassay (cutoff value >26 U/L) was 36.8 (95% CI, 24.7–50.7%) and 100% (95% CI, 31.0–100.0%). When lymphocytic inflammation up to 10% of a section was considered normal, the sensitivity and specificity for SpecfPLassay (cutoff value ≥5.4 μg/L) was 61.1 (95% CI, 36.1–81.7%) and 69.0% (95% CI, 52.8–81.9%) and the sensitivity and specificity for theDGGRassay (cutoff value >26 U/L) was 66.7 (95% CI, 41.2–85.6%) and 78.6% (95% CI, 62.8–89.2%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBoth lipase assays performed similarly well, but their agreement with histologic pancreatic inflammation was limited.
Authors and citizens: sociological imagination and the writing of evidence‐based argument
Authors: Jaeger Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEducational standards documents worldwide include reading and writing of evidence‐based argument as a major focus. In order to help students craft arguments that will be considered seriously by those with the power to make changes that affect them, educators need to cultivate within students their sociological imagination ‐ that is, an understanding of the ways in which they are influenced by, but can also influence social structures. This article describes a study in which fourth‐grade students (ages 9–10 years) considered issues that were of concern to them and to which audiences they might best address these concerns. They also learned the rhetorical structures required to effectively communicate their recommendations. Data collected include planning documents, rough and final drafts and interview transcripts. Students demonstrated success in a range of areas: grasping the concept of sociological imagination, mastering genre format and assuming roles as citizens of a democracy.
Liver biopsy for diagnosis of presumed benign hepatocellular lesions lacking magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic features of focal nodular hyperplasia
Authors: Sannier Aurélie , Cazejust Julien , Lequoy Marie , Cervera Pascale , Scatton Olivier , Rosmorduc Olivier , Wendum Dominique 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe contribution of liver biopsy for the diagnosis of presumed benign hepatocellular lesions lacking the diagnostic features of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. We evaluated liver biopsy and MRI performances in this setting.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging and slides of liver biopsies performed for a presumed benign hepatocellular lesion (2006–2013) without the typical features of FNH on MRI were blindly reviewed (n = 45). Eighteen lesions were surgically removed and also analyzed. The final diagnosis was the diagnosis established after surgery or on the biopsy in the absence of surgery.ResultsThe final diagnosis was FNH (n = 19), hepatocellular adenoma (HCA, n = 15), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3) and indefinite (n = 4). Four lesions corresponded to non hepatocellular lesions. FNH, HNF1A mutated and inflammatory HCA were diagnosed accurately on the biopsy in 95%, 67% and 100% of the cases respectively. Diagnostic performance of liver biopsy for HNF1A mutated HCA was lower because of the lack of non‐tumoral tissue. Diagnosis based on morphological analysis was certain and correct in 27 cases. Immunostaining allowed a definite diagnosis in 12 additionnal cases. Radiological diagnosis was in agreement with the histological diagnosis in 75.6% of the cases, with a very high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%) for the diagnosis of HNF1A mutated HCA.ConclusionsLiver biopsy has a good diagnostic performance particularly for FNH and inflammatory HCA, and sampling of non‐lesional tissue is highly recommended. A biopsy does not seem necessary if H‐HCA is diagnosed on MRI.
Constraints on the water, chlorine, and fluorine content of the Martian mantle
Authors: Filiberto Justin , Gross Juliane , McCubbin Francis M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrevious estimates of the volatile contents of Martian basalts, and hence their source regions, ranged from nearly volatile‐free through estimates similar to those found in terrestrial subduction zones. Here, we use the bulk chemistry of Martian meteorites, along with Martian apatite and amphibole chemistry, to constrain the volatile contents of the Martian interior. Our estimates show that the volatile content of the source region for the Martian meteorites is similar to the terrestrial Mid‐Ocean‐Ridge Mantle source. Chlorine is enriched compared with the depleted terrestrial mantle but is similar to the terrestrial enriched source region; fluorine is similar to the terrestrial primitive mantle; and water is consistent with the terrestrial mantle. Our results show that Martian magmas were not volatile saturated; had water/chlorine and water/fluorine ratios ~0.4–18; and are most similar, in terms of volatiles, to terrestrial MORBs. Presumably, there are variations in volatile content in the Martian interior as suggested by apatite compositions, but more bulk chemical data, especially for fluorine and water, are required to investigate these variations. Finally, the Noachian Martian interior, as exemplified by surface basalts and NWA 7034, may have had higher volatile contents.
Granular swollen epithelial cells in the kidney allograft: A clinicopathological study with special emphasis on possible marker for kidney allograft aging
Authors: Hara Shigeo , Ishimura Takeshi , Fujisawa Masato , Nishi Shinichi , Itoh Tomoo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo elucidate the clinicopathological significance of granular swollen epithelial cells (GSECs), which provides histological evidence in the diagnosis of mitochondrial nephropathy, but incidentally observed in renal allografts, we evaluated GSECs as a surrogate histological marker for kidney allograft aging, as previously reported for p16, p21, and β‐galactosidase.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 426 kidney allograft biopsy specimens diagnosed at our university from January 2009 to April 2015. The prevalence and density of GSECs were compared with an age‐matched control group of 508 native kidney biopsies. GSECs were defined as swollen (>2 times larger than normal renal tubular cells) epithelial cells best observed using Masson trichrome staining. Morphometric analyses were performed using digital microscopy software.ResultsThe prevalence of GSECs was 7.7% in allograft kidneys and 8.1% in native kidneys. GSECs in kidney allografts were predominantly detected in medullary renal tubules, but not in the Bowman's capsular epithelium or podocytes. GSECs were observed in the following cases; no remarkable changes, n = 11; interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, n = 7; chronic calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, n = 5; antibody‐mediated rejection, n = 3; T cell‐mediated rejection grade IA, n = 1; and others, n = 6. Compared with control specimens, medullary density of GSECs in kidney allografts was significantly increased. The prevalence of GSECs slightly increased with post‐transplant duration; however, this trend was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe present study does not provide pathological significance of GSEC in kidney allografts in terms of allograft aging, and warrant the further research with molecular approach.
Interstitial fibrosis is the critical determinant of impaired renal function in transplant glomerulopathy
Authors: Toki Daisuke , Inui Masashi , Ishida Hideki , Okumi Masayoshi , Shimizu Tomokazu , Shirakawa Hiroki , Omoto Kazuya , Unagami Kohei , Setoguchi Kiyoshi , Koike Junki , Honda Kazuho , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTransplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a feature of chronic antibody‐mediated injury in the glomerular capillaries in renal transplant recipients. TG is generally associated with proteinuria; however, renal function at the diagnosis of TG varies. This study aimed to determine which morphological abnormalities are associated with renal function and proteinuria at the diagnosis of TG.MethodsA total of 871 renal transplantations were performed at Tokyo Women's Medical University between 2005 and 2013. TG was diagnosed in 127 biopsies from 58 (6.7%) recipients. Renal function was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Proteinuria was assessed by a dipstick test: positive for +1 and over.ResultsAt diagnosis, of 127 biopsies, 72, 37, and 18 had mild, moderate, and severe TG (Banff cg). The severity of TG was not associated with decreased eGFR at the time of biopsy (cg1: 36.1 ± 14.8, cg2‐3: 38.8 ± 14.5 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P = 0.25), whereas the severity of interstitial fibrosis (IF) (Banff ci) was significantly associated with decreased eGFR (ci0‐1: 42.75 ± 13.32, ci2‐3: 27.69 ± 11.94 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis revealed that IF was the only independent risk factors for decreased eGFR (OR = 4.38, P = 0.0006). Meanwhile, TG was identified as the only independent risk factor for the incidence of proteinuria (OR = 2.67, P = 0.014).ConclusionInterstitial fibrosis was a critical determinant of impaired renal function at the diagnosis of TG. The severity of TG was significantly associated with proteinuria, but did not contribute to renal dysfunction.
Thrombotic microangiopathy caused by oral contraceptives in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Shirai Hiroyuki , Yashima Jun , Tojimbara Tamotsu , Honda Kazuho 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after kidney transplantation has various aetiologies, including acute antibody‐mediated rejection, bacterial or viral infection and immunosuppressive drugs, particularly calcineurin inhibitors. We present the case of a 28‐year‐old woman who developed TMA 30 months after the transplantation of an ABO‐incompatible kidney from a living unrelated donor. The patient developed a sudden onset of allograft renal dysfunction and became uremic. She was transferred to our institution from a community hospital with strongly suspected acute allograft rejection. Intensive treatments for both T‐ and B‐cell mediated acute rejection, including steroid pulse therapy, double‐filtration plasmapheresis, antithymocyte globulin (1.5 mg/kg × 14 days) and rituximab (100 mg), were initiated during haemodialysis. However, her renal allograft function did not improve. Histopathological analysis 8 days after the treatment indicated TMA, despite the absence of apparent acute T‐cell‐ or acute antibody‐mediated rejection. There were no symptoms of infectious diseases, such as intestinal haemorrhagic colitis or viral infection. We concluded that the use of oral contraceptives, which had been initiated 3 weeks before TMA onset for the treatment of irregular vaginal bleeding, was the aetiologic agent.
Synchronized functional anal sphincter assessment: maximizing the potential of anal vector manometry and 3‐D anal endosonography
Authors: Schizas A. M. P. , Ahmad A. N. , Emmanuel A. V. , Williams A. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the association between structure and function is vital before considering surgery involving anal sphincter division. By correlating three‐dimensional anal endosonography (AES) and three‐dimensional anal canal vector volume manometry (VVM), this study details a method to produce measurements of both sphincter length and pressure leading to identification of the functionally important areas of the anal canal. The aim of this study was to provide combined detailed information on anal canal anatomy and physiology.MethodsTwelve males and 12 nulliparous females with no bowel symptoms underwent VVM (using a water‐perfused, eight‐channel radially arranged catheter) and AES.Key ResultsThe synchronization of AES and VVM identified that the majority of rest and squeeze anal pressure is present in the portion of the anal canal covered by both anal sphincters. Nearly, 20% of overall resting anal pressure is produced distal to the caudal termination of the internal anal sphincter. Puborectalis accounts for a significantly greater percentage volume of pressure in females both at rest and when squeezing, though the total volume of pressure is not significantly greater.Conclusions and InferencesThe majority of resting and squeezing pressure and the least asymmetry, in both sexes, is in the portion of the anal canal covered by external anal sphincter. In females, the external anal sphincter is shorter and a proportionately longer puborectalis accounts for a greater percentage of pressure. Sphincter targeted fistula surgery in females must be performed with special caution. A protective role for puborectalis following obstetric anal sphincter injury is suggested.
A large developing complex odontome
Authors: Amin K. , Jay A. , Ayliffe P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOdontomas are the most common odontogenic hamartomas, broadly classified as compound or complex of which the latter is less common. Complex odontoma is a lesion in which all the dental hard tissues are represented but occur in a disorderly pattern. They are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed on radiographic examination. We report a rare case of a large developing complex odontoma in a young girl causing expansion of bone and facial asymmetry with the failure of eruption of several mandibular posterior teeth. The odontoma was treated by careful surgical curettage, marginal mandibular rim resection and bone grafting. Follow‐up over a couple of years revealed no evidence of recurrence.
Ectopic expression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene PtCYP714A3 from Populus trichocarpa reduces shoot growth and improves tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice
Authors: Wang Cuiting , Yang Yang , Wang Haihai , Ran Xiaojuan , Li Bei , Zhang Jiantao , Zhang Hongxia 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 714 protein family represents a unique group of CYP monooxygenase, which functions as a shoot‐specific regulator in plant development through gibberellin deactivation. Here, we report the functional characterizations of PtCYP714A3, an OsCYP714D1/Eui homologue from Populus trichocarpa. PtCYP714A3 was ubiquitously expressed with the highest transcript level in cambium–phloem tissues, and was greatly induced by salt and osmotic stress in poplar. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that PtCYP714A3‐YFP fusion protein was targeted to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Expression of PtCYP714A3 in the rice eui mutant could rescue its excessive‐shoot‐growth phenotype. Ectopic expression of PtCYP714A3 in rice led to semi‐dwarfed phenotype with promoted tillering and reduced seed size. Transgenic lines which showed significant expression of PtCYP714A3 also accumulated lower GA level than did the wild‐type (WT) plants. The expression of some GA biosynthesis genes was significantly suppressed in these transgenic plants. Furthermore, transgenic rice plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt and maintained more Na+ in both shoot and root tissues under salinity stress. All these results not only suggest a crucial role of PtCYP714A3 in shoot responses to salt toxicity in rice, but also provide a molecular basis for genetic engineering of salt‐tolerant crops.
Three‐year trend survey of psychological distress, post‐traumatic stress, and problem drinking among residents in the evacuation zone after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident [The Fukushima Health Management Survey]
Authors: Oe Misari , Fujii Senta , Maeda Masaharu , Nagai Masato , Harigane Mayumi , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki , Ohira Tetsuya , Takahashi Hideto , Suzuki Yuriko , Yasumura Seiji , Abe Masafumi 
Published: March 2016

AimProlonged periods of instability in terms of living environment can lead to a serious increase in mental health issues among disaster‐affected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess long‐term trends in mental health among adult residents in a nuclear‐disaster‐affected area.MethodsMail‐based, self‐administered questionnaire surveys were conducted three times (T1–T3), targeting all residents registered with the municipalities in the evacuation zone in Fukushima prefecture at the time of the disaster. Age‐adjusted prevalences of the following were analyzed by sex: risk of psychological distress by the Kessler 6‐item Scale, post‐traumatic stress by the Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, and problem drinking by CAGE.ResultsThe numbers of respondents and response rates were: 73 568, 40.7% (T1); 55 076, 29.9% (T2); and 46 386, 25.0% (T3). Compared with normal Japanese levels in non‐disaster settings (4.7%), the prevalence of general psychological distress by Kessler 6‐item Scale ≥ 13 was still high 3 years after the event in both men (11.4%) and women (15.8%). Although the age‐adjusted prevalence of psychological distress and post‐traumatic stress (Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist ≥ 44) had decreased over time (from 19.0% [T1] to 17.8% [T3] for men, and from 25.3% [T1] to 23.3% [T3] for women), the age‐adjusted prevalence of problem drinking (CAGE ≥ 2) remained steady in both men (20.7% [T2] and 20.4% [T3]; P = 0.18) and women (10.5% [T2] and 10.5% [T3];
P
= 0.91).ConclusionOur results suggest that long‐term interventions focused on post‐traumatic stress as well as other mental health problems are strongly needed for disaster‐affected individuals.