bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent sacral neuromodulation for idiopathic urgency urinary incontinence in women
Authors: ′t Hoen Lisette A. , Groen Jan , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F.M. 
Published: December 2015

AimsSNM has been proven to be effective in the treatment of refractory UUI. Total costs and patient burden due to regular battery changes may prevent broad implementation of this treatment. The aim was to achieve a minimal improvement of 50% in incontinence episodes compared to pre‐SNM by using iSNM.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was performed in women with UUI receiving treatment with SNM for a minimum of 6 months. The neurostimulator was programmed to 8 hr “on” and 16 hr “off” per day for 12 weeks. Prior to iSNM, data were collected during no SNM and cSNM. Bladder diaries and various patient reported outcome measures were collected at predetermined time points: 1–5 weeks, and 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsOf the 19 patients 63% showed an improvement of >50% of incontinence episodes during iSNM compared to pre‐SNM. Bladder diary parameters showed a difference between pre‐SNM and iSNM median (P‐value); incontinence episodes/24 hr, 4.1–1.0 (P = 0.04), incontinence severity, 2.0–1.0 (P = 0.001), voiding episodes/24 hr, 13.0–8.0 (P = 0.001), and voided volume, 149–219 ml (P = 0.04). The UDI‐6, 50.0–27.8 (P = 0.03), and the IIQ‐7 scores, 50.0–9.5 (P = 0.04) also showed a significant improvement. No difference was demonstrated between iSNM and cSNM.ConclusionsCompared to pre‐SNM parameters, iSNM shows an improvement in both objective and subjective outcomes. Specifically no difference was found between iSNM and cSNM, indicating that iSNM could be a feasible and cost‐effective alternative. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:385–389, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The complex interplay of physician, patient, and spouse in preoperative counseling for radical prostatectomy: a comparative mixed‐method analysis of 30 videotaped consultations
Authors: Huber Johannes , Streuli Jürg C. , Lozankovski Novica , Stredele Regina J. F. , Moll Peter , Hohenfellner Markus , Huber Christian G. , Ihrig Andreas , Peters Tim 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesSpouses of cancer patients play a crucial role in deciding on therapeutic choices. The aim of our study was to assess their role in counseling for radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe analyzed 30 videotaped preoperative consultations prior to radical prostatectomy. Thereof, 14 included the patients' female partner and 16 took place without partner attendance. We performed quantitative and qualitative conversation analysis to compare both settings.ResultsMean age of patients was 61 (47–73) years; 13% (4/30) did not have a partner. Duration of preoperative consultations was 20 (10–32) min. Physicians spoke most of the time (93%, range 71–99%), followed by patients (7%, range 1–20%) and spouses (2%, range 0–8%). Patients whose spouse was present at the consultation tended to have a more averted posture (50% vs. 25%, p = 0.04) and tended to speak less often (5% vs. 8%, p = 0.02). In 4 of 14 (29%) consultations, the spouses tended to be more dominant, speaking more frequently. Qualitative analysis showed several examples of emotional support and helpful contributions by spouses. Difference of opinion occurred when pros and cons of a nerve‐sparing approach were discussed. The spouses' impact appeared to influence the final decision of men contemplating a nerve‐sparing approach in 1 of 14 conversations.ConclusionsSpouses appear to play a complex and sometimes ambivalent role in counseling for radical prostatectomy. Especially when discussing a nerve‐sparing approach, urologist should focus on the patients' true needs while interacting with both partners. Personalized decision aids might help to identify possible conflicts in advance.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expecting the best and being prepared for the worst: structure, profiles, and 2‐year temporal stability of dispositional optimism in women with breast cancer
Authors: Saboonchi Fredrik , Petersson Lena‐Marie , Alexanderson Kristina , Bränström Richard , Wennman‐Larsen Agneta 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesDispositional optimism is viewed as a key personality resource for resiliency and has been linked to adjustment among women with breast cancer. The aim was to examine (a) the psychometric proprieties of Life Orientation Test‐Revised (LOT‐R), (b) the potential independence and co‐occurrence of positive and negative dimensions of future outcome expectancies, (c) the longitudinal invariance of LOT‐R and the temporal stability of dispositional optimism over 2 years following surgery, and (d) the predictive impact of optimism and pessimism on emotional distress among women with breast cancer.MethodsData from a prospective study (n = 750) of women with breast cancer were acquired shortly after surgery, and the women were followed up for 2 years. Assessments of LOT‐R, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, treatment‐related, and demographic variables were subjected to structural equation modeling analysis.ResultsA bidimensional and temporarily invariant structure of LOT‐R displayed acceptable fit indices. Three profiles of future expectancies consisting of optimists, pessimists, and ambiguous were identified. Temporal stability in optimism and pessimism over 2 years was established. Women with higher education displayed higher degrees of pessimism. Baseline dispositional optimism inversely predicted emotional distress at 2 years.ConclusionsThe LOT‐R should be approached as a bidimensional measure. Co‐occurrence of optimism and pessimism may indicate a cautious defensive coping effort in women with breast cancer. The importance of systematic efforts to enhance optimism as well as the capacity to acknowledge both positive and negative future expectancies is emphasized.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narratives of Mobility and Modernity: Representations of Places and People Among Young Adults in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Madeleine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse young adults' experiences of moving and the role of identity narratives; how intersecting and multiple identities are constructed through their mobility; and the significance of space and representations of space and place in the processes of subject formation. The focus of this paper is on stories of mobility and the representations of one of many European rural peripheries: the Swedish North. The narratives offer alternative ways of thinking of the urban and the rural; people desire and belong across the places of migration. Even so, the hegemonic neoliberal understanding of the city as progress is reproduced by the informants, while at the same time some of them describe the rural as progressive for valuing the immaterial things people today have forgotten. These narratives can be viewed as ways of both reproducing and resisting the neoliberal understanding of the ‘need to be mobile’. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound guided musculoskeletal interventions: professional opportunities, challenges and the future of injection therapy
Authors: Innes Sue , Maybury Mark , Hall Alison , Lumsden Gordon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe demand for ultrasound guided injections for musculoskeletal presentations has increased in recent years as practitioners and patients seek verification of needle position. Musculoskeletal management pathways regularly include injection therapy for pain relief and are sometimes indicated as a single intervention but may need to be supported by rehabilitation. Workload in radiology departments has expanded in volume and complexity as radiologists perform new interventional procedures that require medical expertise. Innovative responses are required to meet the demand for ultrasound guided musculoskeletal injections; one option is offering appropriate education to musculoskeletal sonographers, enabling them to extend their current scope of practice. The role of the extended scope physiotherapist in the United Kingdom provides evidence that role diversification can produce excellent patient outcomes whilst preserving financial resources. The professional, legal and clinical requirements of extending service provision to include new clinical staff presents challenges that have to be met with strong leadership and the provision of high quality education in ultrasound guided interventions. There are many indicators that the patient experience is enhanced by guiding musculoskeletal injections, and access to this service has impact on patients' confidence in their treatment pathway.
Helical Coordination Polymers Based on A Tripodal N‐donor Ligand
Authors: Chen Yu , Chi Xiao‐Lin , Xu Yu‐Ci , Wang Xi‐Chi , Xiao Dong‐Rong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe coordination polymers [Cu2(tpim)2]·2H2O (1) and [Co(H2tpim)2(MoO4)2] (2) [Htpim = 2,4,5‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐imidazole] were synthesized. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and TG analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 both contain chiral helical‐layer structures. Compound 1 exhibits a novel 3D (3,3,4)‐connected framework with (4·6·8)(6·82)(4·6·83·10) topology, which is constructed from left‐ and right‐ helices. Compound 2 displays a 2D chiral helical‐layer structure which can be rationalized as a (3,6)‐connected 2D kgd (kagome dual) net, and these 2D layers are further extended by hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular network. By comparing compounds 1 and 2, it is believed that the tripodal N‐containing ligand (Htpim) plays a key role in the construction of helical coordination polymers. In addition, the photoluminescence property of compound 1 and the magnetic property of compound 2 were studied.
Recommendations for the Prevention, Detection, Treatment and Management of Prescription Opioid Analgesic Dependence: Outcomes From the Opioid Analgesic Dependence Education Nexus (OPEN) Meeting
Authors: Kraus Mark , Lintzeris Nicholas , Maier Christoph , Savage Seddon 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The global consumption of opioids continues to rise, which has led to an increasing rate of diversion, misuse, addiction, and deaths related to prescription opioids. This has been particularly well documented in the USA; however, opioid analgesic dependence (OAD) is an increasing concern in Europe. More guidance is required for European healthcare professionals in the prevention, detection, treatment and management of OAD. The first Opioid Analgesic Dependence Education Nexus (OPEN) Mentor Meeting was held in Berlin in September 2014 to address this. An international Expert Panel, combining expertise in OAD from Australia, USA and Europe, invited 16 European experts in the pain and addiction fields to develop a best-practice approach to OAD that European practitioners can adopt. The outcomes from this meeting are presented here and included are a set of shared strategies that may be universally adopted by all healthcare professionals working with patients who use opioids.
La teoría de la evolución educativa y la formación de médicos especialistas
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Francisco Domingo 
Published: December 2015

Resumen: La colaboración entre el sector salud y el sector educativo es fundamental para la formación de médicos especialistas. Para caracterizar el tipo de colaboración entre estos sectores se recurre a la teoría de la evolución educativa. Esta plantea que en la historia de la educación en un primer momento predomina el modelo artesanal y posteriormente aparece el modelo escolar, que desplaza al anterior. En el modelo artesanal el proceso educativo y el proceso laboral se confunden y son, prácticamente, uno mismo. En el modelo escolar los hechos educativos adquieren independencia y autonomía del proceso y del mercado de trabajo. Actualmente, en México y desde la perspectiva utilizada, la formación de médicos especialistas se desarrolla de acuerdo con el modelo artesanal: el proceso educativo se confunde con actividades laborales y de prestación de servicios de salud, los alumnos y los profesores son, antes que nada y de manera prioritaria, trabajadores. Esta situación enfrenta las demandas educativas a las laborales y multiplica las exigencias a los alumnos y profesores de los programas educativos de especialidades médicas. La manifestación objetiva de la situación planteada se observa, entre otros aspectos en la sobrecarga de trabajo y el desgaste profesional de los médicos residentes. En este contexto, se dificulta la educación de excelencia para los médicos especialistas y, de manera consecuente, el logro de una calidad óptima de atención médica a la población.
Se propone separar el proceso educativo del laboral, sin perder de vista la importancia de la vinculación docente-asistencial, la única que garantiza los intereses académicos y la formación óptima de los médicos especialistas.
Study Design and Results of a Population-Based Study on Perceived Stress Following Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Schwartz Rebecca , Liu Bian , Sison Cristina , Kerath Samantha M. , Breil Trista , Murphy Lisa , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveHurricane Sandy was one of the deadliest storms in US history, with at least 162 deaths and numerous injuries. This research aimed to quantify the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the New York metropolitan area.MethodsThe project included 601 volunteers aged at least 18 years who were recruited in Nassau, Suffolk, Queens, and Richmond counties and Staten Island between 2013 and 2014 through close partnerships with coalition community leaders. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics and behavioral factors and a 35-point check off list on hurricane exposure. Perceived stress was assessed by using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).ResultsParticipants had a mean stress score of 15.6 (SD=7.3; vs general population mean of 13.0), with 30.14% of the sample categorized as “high stress” (mean≥20). In the multivariable regression analysis, age was significantly negatively associated with PSS score. A reported history of mental health issues, Hispanic ethnicity, and overall exposure to Hurricane Sandy were statistically significantly associated with PSS score in a positive direction.ConclusionsPerceived stress was high in areas affected by Hurricane Sandy and was significantly associated with individual hurricane exposure. This study is a first step toward defining what segments of the population are more vulnerable and informing intervention and emergency preparedness efforts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;10:325–332)
Fatty acid binding proteins 4 and 5 in overweight prepubertal boys: effect of nutritional counselling and supplementation with an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate
Authors: Canas Jose A. , Damaso L. , Hossain J. , Balagopal P. Babu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractElevated fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) may play a role in obesity and co-morbidities. The role of nutritional interventions in modulating these levels remains unclear. The aim of thispost hocstudy was to determine the effect of overweight (OW) on FABP4 and FABP5 in boys in relation to indices of adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation, and to investigate the effects of a 6-month supplementation with an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate (FVJC) plus nutritional counselling (NC) on FABP levels. Apost hocanalysis of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of children recruited from the general paediatric population was performed. A total of thirty age-matched prepubertal boys (nine lean and twenty-one OW; aged 6–10 years) were studied. Patients received NC by a registered dietitian and were randomised to FVJC or placebo capsules for 6 months. FABP4, FABP5, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose-induced acute insulin response (AIR), lipid-corrected β-carotene (LCβC), adiponectin, leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6 and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were determined before and after the intervention. FABP were higher (P < 0·01) in the OWv.lean boys and correlated directly with HOMA-IR, abdominal fat mass (AFM), hs-CRP, IL-6, and LCβC (P < 0·05 for all). FABP4 was associated with adiponectin and AIR (P < 0·05). FVJC plus NC reduced FABP4, HOMA-IR and AFM (P < 0·05 for all) but not FABP5. OW boys showed elevated FABP4 and FABP5, but only FABP4 was lowered by the FVJC supplement.
GRB Orphan Afterglows in Present and Future Radio Transient Surveys
Authors: Ghirlanda G. , Burlon D. , Ghisellini G. , Salvaterra R. , Bernardini M. G. , Campana S. , Covino S. , D’Avanzo P. , D’Elia V. , Melandri A. , Murphy T. , Nava L. , Vergani S. D. , Tagliaferri G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOrphan Afterglows (OA) are slow transients produced by Gamma Ray Bursts seen off–axis that become visible on timescales of days/years at optical/NIR and radio frequencies, when the prompt emission at high energies (X and γ rays) has already ceased. Given the typically estimated jet opening angle of GRBs θjet~ 3°, for each burst pointing to the Earth there should be a factor ~ 700 more GRBs pointing in other directions. Despite this, no secure OAs have been detected so far. Through a population synthesis code we study the emission properties of the population of OA at radio frequencies. OAs reach their emission peak on year-timescales and they last for a comparable amount of time. The typical peak fluxes (which depend on the observing frequency) are of few μJy in the radio band with only a few OA reaching the mJy level. These values are consistent with the upper limits on the radio flux of SN Ib/c observed at late times. We find that the OA radio number count distribution has a typical slope − 1.7 at high fluxes and a flatter ( − 0.4) slope at low fluxes with a break at a frequency–dependent flux. Our predictions of the OA rates are consistent with the (upper) limits of recent radio surveys and archive searches for radio transients. Future radio surveys like VAST/ASKAP at 1.4 GHz should detect ~ 3 × 10− 3OA deg− 2yr− 1, MeerKAT and EVLA at 8.4 GHz should see ~ 3 × 10− 1OA deg− 2yr− 1. The SKA, reaching the μJy flux limit, could see up to ~ 0.2 − 1.5 OA deg− 2yr− 1. These rates also depend on the duration of the OA above a certain flux limit and we discuss this effect with respect to the survey cadence.
Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered
Authors: Gould Stephen Jay , Eldredge Niles 
Published: December 2015

We believe that punctuational change dominates the history of life: evolution is concentrated in very rapid events of speciation (geologically instantaneous, even if tolerably continuous in ecological time). Most species, during their geological history, either do not change in any appreciable way, or else they fluctuate mildly in morphology, with no apparent direction. Phyletic gradualism is very rare and too slow, in any case, to produce the major events of evolution. Evolutionary trends are not the product of slow, directional transformation within lineages; they represent the differential success of certain species within a clade—speciation may be random with respect to the direction of a trend (Wright's rule).As an a priori bias, phyletic gradualism has precluded any fair assessment of evolutionary tempos and modes. It could not be refuted by empirical catalogues constructed in its light because it excluded contrary information as the artificial result of an imperfect fossil record. With the model of punctuated equilibria, an unbiased distribution of evolutionary tempos can be established by treating stasis as data and by recording the pattern of change for all species in an assemblage. This distribution of tempos can lead to strong inferences about modes. If, as we predict, the punctuational tempo is prevalent, then speciation—not phyletic evolution—must be the dominant mode of evolution.We argue that virtually none of the examples brought forward to refute our model can stand as support for phyletic gradualism; many are so weak and ambiguous that they only reflect the persistent bias for gradualism still deeply embedded in paleontological thought. Of the few stronger cases, we concentrate on Gingerich's data forHyopsodusand argue that it provides an excellent example of species selection under our model. We then review the data of several studies that have supported our model since we published it five years ago. The record of human evolution seems to provide a particularly good example: no gradualism has been detected within any hominid taxon, and many are long-ranging; the trend to larger brains arises from differential success of essentially static taxa. The data of molecular genetics support our assumption that large genetic changes often accompany the process of speciation.Phyletic gradualism was an a priori assertion from the start—it was never “seen” in the rocks; it expressed the cultural and political biases of 19th century liberalism. Huxley advised Darwin to eschew it as an “unnecessary difficulty.” We think that it has now become an empirical fallacy. A punctuational view of change may have wide validity at all levels of evolutionary processes. At the very least, it deserves consideration as an alternate way of interpreting the history of life.
The Redevelopment of China's Construction Land: Practising Land Property Rights in Cities through Renewals
Authors: Lin George C.S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExisting literature on China's urbanization focuses primarily on the expansion of cities and towns, with little attention being paid to urban renewals. The wasteful use of urban land has conventionally been attributed to the ambiguous definition and ineffective protection of property rights. This study examines recent practices in urban redevelopment in Guangzhou – a site chosen by the central authorities to pilot urban renewals (sanjiu gaizao). The research identifies a local practice in which institutional changes are made not in the delineation of land property rights but instead in the redistribution of the benefits to be made from land redevelopment. Current users of the land are offered a share of the land conveyance income previously monopolized by the state as an incentive to encourage them to engage in urban renewal. Land-use intensity and efficiency have increased, along with social exclusion and marginalization. Research findings cast doubt over the perceived notion that the uniform and unambiguous definition of property rights is the prerequisite for improved land-use efficiency and call for a critical evaluation of the current urban renewal policies that completely ignore the interests of the migrant population who outnumber local residents by a large margin.
The Judicial Cadre Evaluation System in China: From Quantification to Intra-state Legibility
Authors: Kinkel Jonathan J. , Hurst William J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPerformance evaluation systems fundamentally shape the behaviour of Chinese judges, but scholarship on the concrete implementation of these institutions is scarce. Relying on nearly 15 months of fieldwork in six cities in China, we explain how the judicial cadre evaluation system, as unified by the 2011 “Guiding opinion of the Supreme People's Court,” has been implemented. Over 30 indices quantitatively measure Chinese courts’ “fairness” (gongzheng公正), “efficiency” (xiaolü效率) and “impact” (xiaoguo效果), incentivizing court leaders to pressure their subordinate judges to resolve disputes as quickly as possible without unduly angering litigants or other actors. Under the hyper-quantified conditions of cadre evaluation, systemic praising and shaming bring about what we call “intra-state legibility,” which leads to a variety of informal worker reactions to these tactics. This study not only uses interviews and new documentary evidence to add necessary detail to our understanding of cadre evaluation systems, it also engages debates in comparative law and politics regarding bureaucratic influence on authoritarian judicial behaviour.