bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical efficacy of nebulised salbutamol and salbutamol metered dose inhaler in children with mild or moderate exacerbation of bronchial asthma
Authors: O. Jose , Daniel Sunil , Krishnan Minu 
Published: March 2017

Background: Bronchial asthma is the commonest chronic disease in industrialized nations. Aerosol therapy has revolutionized the treatment of bronchial asthma in children as in adults. Even though nebulisation is a simple technique, it is expensive and there is a need for power source. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy of nebulised salbutamol and salbutamol metered dose inhaler (MDI) in children with mild or moderate exacerbation of Bronchial asthma.Methods: This study was a hospital based randomized control study carried out between March 2009 to December 2009 on children attending OP or casualty of Government Medical College, Alappuzha with mild or moderate exacerbation of bronchial asthma.Results: 60 subjects were selected for the study out of which 30 were assigned to salbutamol MDI group and the other 30 to salbutamol nebulisation group. After the administration of drug, all the studied variables showed significant improvement in both groups (p value <0.001). Percentage predicted PEFR increased by about 27% in nebulisation group and 26% in MDI group; however this difference was not statistically significant (P value = 0.99).Conclusions: In this study we concluded that the efficacy of salbutamol in mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma was similar when the drug is delivered either by nebuliser or MDI with spacer.
La incidencia de la inversión extranjera directa en los hidrocarburos en el departamento del Meta
Authors: León Camargo Astrid 
Published: March 2017

<p>El artículo identifica la incidencia de la Inversión Extranjera Directa –IED- en proyectos de hidrocarburos en Colombia en el 2015, desde la perspectiva macroeconómica al relacionar la IED con la dinámica económica del departamento del Meta y desde una perspectiva microeconómica, mediante la comparación del desempeño institucional de proyectos con IED y aquellos que carecen de esta, en este caso se comparan Ecopetrol y Pacific Exploration and Production Corporation<strong> -</strong>Pacific&amp;EP-, el primero con inversión nacional y el segundo con IED. El tipo de investigación es descriptivo y las herramientas para obtener información son las encuestas de desempeño institucional –EDI- del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística –DANE- y encuesta aplicada a funcionarios de Pacific&amp;EP. Los resultados indican que a nivel macroeconómico la IED influye significativamente en la economía departamental. A nivel microeconómico no existe evidencia que la IED aporte mejor al desempeño institucional que la inversión nacional. Es posible concluir que la diferenciación en el desempeño institucional no se presenta por el origen de la inversión y sería conveniente profundizar en las diferenciaciones por tamaño de la empresa asociados a su tipo de inversión. De otra parte en el diseño de políticas públicas se debe tener en cuenta la participación ciudadana para conocer las problemáticas sociales y potencializar el impacto de la actividad petrolera en el bienestar social. <strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Prototipo de un colector solar parabólico para la generación de energía eléctrica.
Authors: Rivera Barrera Gerardo , Tovar Galindo Msc. Faiver 
Published: March 2017

<p>El objetivo del proyecto de investigación fue el diseño de un prototipo de un colector solar parabólico reflector de seguimiento real que suministre energía térmica suficiente para ser utilizada en la industria o en la demanda energética de los hogares.</p><p>Para la realización de este proyecto se inició con el estudio de los antecedentes temáticos de colectores solares, su distribución, variación y componentes de la radiación solar terrestre. Igualmente se revisó la documentación teórica sobre la intensidad de la radiación solar en Colombia y la distribución de energía disponible en la región para luego iniciar con el diseño del colector parabólico de manera simulada que nos permitirá definir las partes, el tamaño y la intensidad de radiación térmica generada por este. Para luego poder continuar con la construcción del colector solar.</p><p> </p>Con el proyecto se logro verificar la efectividad del colector solar y la capacidad que posee de suministrar energía térmica suficiente para ser conectada a un generador eléctrico para el abastecimiento de la industria o de un hogar promedio en nuestra región
Rehabilitation Counselor Preparation to Work With LGBTQ Persons Living With Chronic Illness/Disability: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Dispenza Franco , Elston Nikki C. , Huffstead Mary E. , Suttles Mackenzie G. , Golubovic Nedeljko 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:To identify meaningful educative experiences that contributed to the development of rehabilitation counselors’ abilities to provide effective rehabilitation counseling services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) persons living with chronic illness/disabilities (CID).Method:This was a secondary analysis of a larger qualitative data set that examined the educational experiences and practices of 12 certified rehabilitation counselors working with LGBTQ persons.Results:Using a qualitative content analysis methodology, 5 categories were identified: (a) formal didactic education, (b) affirmative supervision and consultation during practica/internship, (c) extracurricular-related training, (d) identification, and (e) family of origin.Conclusion:To help facilitate future counselors’ self-perceived abilities to provide effective services to LGBTQ persons living with CID, rehabilitation counselor educators should place more emphasis on LGBTQ-related issues in their curriculum and provide practical (experiential) learning opportunities for their students.
As dimensões históricas da urbanidade e suas implicações na vida noturna do Recife, 1970-1990
Authors: Milfont Magna Barros , Monteiro Circe Maria Gama , Bezerra David Ricardo Colaço 
Published: March 2017

A urbanidade é uma noção histórica construída ao longo do tempo e das reconfigurações das cidades, fundamentada, desde os gregos, no comportamento humano. Assim, há um processo histórico de transformação da urbanidade que se manifesta nas dimensões política, socioeconômica e territorial da sociedade ocidental, todas perpassadas pelas práticas culturais das pessoas. Essa dinâmica histórica da urbanidade pode ser observada na mudança da vida noturna do Recife, resultante do processo de urbanização acelerada no Brasil de 1970. Nesse contexto, iniciam-se os projetos turísticos de âmbito nacional por meio da implantação dos polos culturais nas cidades. Durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, a incidência da violência urbana culminou em novas práticas culturais relacionadas ao lazer, modificando a urbanidade.
Blog Versão Paulo: a prospecção do passado como maneira de pensar o presente e o futuro da cidade
Authors: Janovitch Paula Ester 
Published: March 2017

A partir da apresentação de alguns posts do blog Versão Paulo que abordam a relação da cidade no final do século XIX com o desequilíbrio ambiental e a maneira como a sociedade passa a se relacionar com as escalas de tempo e espaço, gostaria de discutir as possibilidades da história, através de sua abordagem do passado, pensar problemas ambientais que perpassam a vida urbana até os dias de hoje.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA ÁREA QUEIMADA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS NO PERÍODO DE 2003 A 2011 UTILIZANDO IMAGENS DO SATÉLITE TM/LANDSAT-5
Authors: Sousa Ingridy Mikaelly Pereira , Giongo Marcos 
Published: March 2017

aumento da temperatura, diminuição das chuvas, empobrecimento do solo, além de aumentar os riscos de doenças respiratórias. O estado do Tocantins possui características favoráveis para o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas como a agricultura e pecuária, atrelada a essas atividades está à utilização do fogo para o manejo de áreas de pastagens, atividades agrícolas, entres outros, principalmente em propriedades pequenas. A utilização de dados orbitais representa uma eficiente ferramenta na detecção de áreas queimadas, nesse contexto o presente trabalho utilizou imagens do satélite TM/Landsat-5 para quantificação de áreas queimadas no estado do Tocantins no período de 2003 a 2011. A metodologia aplicada consistiu no processamento de imagens de satélite identificando visualmente as cicatrizes de queimadas nas imagens orbitais. Como resultado tem-se os picos de queimadas em 2007 e 2010 com 5.177.770 e 7.225.070 ha respectivamente, posteriormente, comparando esses dados com o número de focos de calor, confirma-se os maiores registros em 2010 seguido do ano de 2007.
Palavras-chave: Cerrado. Cicatrizes de queimadas. Dados Orbitais.
Acute and Rapid Development of Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma Associated with Combined Aspirin-Dipyridamole Therapy
Authors: Yamaguchi Kent , Mathew Justin , Lhi James M. , Park Don Young 
Published: March 2017

Case:
Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a known, although rare, clinical entity that may be challenging to diagnose. This case report describes the rapid development of a large SSEH in an elderly patient on aspirin-dipyridamole combination therapy after she shifted her position in bed. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained 4 hours after the onset of symptoms demonstrated a large spinal epidural hematoma that extended from T4 to L1.

Conclusion:
With early diagnosis, the patient was successfully treated with a laminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma, and there was full neurological recovery.
Postoperative Hyperglycemia Can Be Safely and Effectively Controlled in Both Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Use of a Subcutaneous Insulin Protocol
Authors: Gallagher John M. , Erich Roger A. , Gattermeyer Rita , Beam Kaitlyn K. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Postoperative hyperglycemia related to stress has been shown to be an independent risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection. In a non-intensive care, general-surgery setting, a standardized postoperative insulin protocol has been shown to decrease the rate of wound infections. We hypothesized that the use of a similar protocol is both safe and effective for controlling hyperglycemia in patients who have undergone total joint replacement.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 489 consecutive patients who underwent primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty between January 2008 and April 2013. All patients were tested with point-of-care (finger-stick) glucose determinations postoperatively and were started on a subcutaneous insulin protocol if they had postoperative stress hyperglycemia of >140 mg/dL when fasting or >180 mg/dL after meals. Insulin was discontinued when blood glucose decreased to <100 mg/dL.

Results:
Of the 489 patients, 301 (62%) qualified for the insulin protocol. Thirty-seven (17%) of the 220 patients for whom the hemoglobin A1c level was available were diabetic, and 21 (11%) of the 187 patients for whom body mass index data were available were morbidly obese (body mass index, ≥40 kg/m2). Diabetes (p < 0.001), revision surgery (p < 0.001), male sex (p = 0.0110), and obesity (including morbid obesity) (p = 0.0051) were independent factors resulting in significant glycemic elevation. A trend toward hyperglycemia occurred in younger patients but did not reach significance (p = 0.063). The glucose levels of patients in all of these groups responded well to insulin. None of the patients who were managed with the insulin experienced a periprosthetic joint infection. There were no injuries related to hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:
The findings of the present study suggest that hyperglycemia is a common link between seemingly disparate factors related to the increased prevalence of periprosthetic joint infection. The standardized subcutaneous insulin protocol was both safe and effective for the treatment of hyperglycemia for nondiabetic as well as diabetic patients. Patients who have undergone total joint replacement, especially those with revision procedures, male sex, morbid obesity, and diabetes, should be evaluated for hyperglycemia starting in the post-anesthesia care unit and should be managed with the insulin protocol when that risk is identified.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Yields of Annual and Perennial Energy Crops in a 12‐year Field Trial
Authors: Xu J. , Gauder M. , Gruber S. , Claupein W. 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
A long‐term field trial of important perennial and annual energy crops was conducted.
Maize is most high yielding of biomass with high N inputs.
Miscanthus is most high yielding of biomass without or with moderate N inputs.
In crop rotations, no‐till practice with less input does not reduce the productivity.
Nitrogen input is more important in annuals than perennials to maintain the yield level.
To find an energy cropping system with low input and high productivity, a 12‐yr field trial was conducted in Southwest Germany with perennial crops, and monocropping or rotation of annual crops. The perennials were willow (Salix schwerinii E. Wolf × viminalis L.) short rotation coppice, miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The monocropped annual was maize (Zea mays L.), and the rotation was oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–triticale (Triticale × triticosecale Wittmack). The rotation was split into tillage with moldboard plow or no‐till. These systems were implemented with three N fertilization levels. Annual yield trend in years, accumulated yields of biomass, and gross energy were compared across N levels between perennials and annuals, and between tillage managements. Among these cropping systems, maize (18.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and miscanthus (18.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1) were most productive. Without N fertilization, miscanthus was most productive (13.6 Mg ha−1 yr−1). In the long run, N fertilization significantly increased the yields of all systems. The long‐term yield trends of the perennials were relatively stable, while the annuals without N fertilization showed a prevailing trend of yield decrease. No‐till did not significantly lower the yield compared to plowing (8.7 vs. 9.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Generally, the perennial systems produced higher gross energy yield compared to the annual systems under comparable N fertilizations. Particularly miscanthus gained high yields even with moderate to no N inputs.
Topsoil Thickness and Harvest Management Influence Switchgrass Production and Profitability
Authors: Yost Matt A. , Kitchen Newell R. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Thompson Allen L. , Allphin Eric 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Topsoil thickness, or depth to claypan, mainly affected the biomass harvest of the integrated system.
The integrated system had greater weed cover, less yield, more N, P, and K removal, and less profit than the biomass only system.
The only advantage of the integrated system was enhanced yield resiliency in an extreme drought year.
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an attractive dual use forage and/or biomass crop option for eroded soils where corn (Zea mays L.) grain production is often not profitable. Topsoil thickness, especially on soils with a claypan, relates directly to crop productivity and nutrient removal, but knowledge is lacking on how it impacts switchgrass grown for summer forage and advanced biofuels. Therefore, a study was conducted near Columbia, MO, to determine how topsoil thickness, or depth to claypan (DTC) affects the production and profitability of integrated (forage and biomass) and biomass only switchgrass. Switchgrass was planted in 2009 on a range of DTC classified as exposed (<8 cm), shallow (8–15 cm), moderate (16–30 cm), or deep (>30 cm), and was annually harvested twice (pre‐anthesis and postdormancy) in the integrated system or once (postdormancy) in the biomass only system during 2011 to 2015. Results indicated that DTC mainly affected the second harvest of the integrated system; biomass yield increased 74% and nutrient removal by 50 to 102% from exposed to deep soil across years. Across DTC and years, the integrated system had more severe weed cover (46 vs. 6%), less yield (9.8 vs. 13.5 Mg ha−1), more N, P, and K removal (79 to 206%), and less profit (US$–155 vs. $137 ha−1 or $80 vs. $220 ha−1 without nutrient replacement costs) than the biomass only system. Therefore, improvements are needed before integrated systems are profitable, and biomass only systems may offer greater longevity, productivity, and profitability.
Impact of Potassium and Nitrogen Fertilization on Bahiagrass Herbage Accumulation and Nutrient Concentration
Authors: Yarborough J. K. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Silveira M. L. , Sollenberger L. E. , Leon R. G. , Sanchez J. M. D. , Leite de Oliveira F. C. , Kuhawara F. A. , Gomes V. , Cecato U. , Filho C. V. Soares 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Bahiagrass pastures on soils with low K concentration may not respond to K fertilization.
Tissue K concentration in bahiagrass is variable and dependent on fertilization levels.
Bahiagrass tissue K concentration of 17 g kg−1 was related to the greatest herbage accumulation in plants receiving greater levels of fertilization.
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) is the most utilized forage for beef cattle (Bos spp.) in Florida, but there is concern that bahiagrass pastures are declining due to insufficient K fertilization. Two studies determined the effects of K and N fertilization on bahiagrass herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value in field plots (Exp. 1), and greenhouse (Exp. 2). At two locations from May to December 2014 and 2015, Exp. 1 evaluated the combinations of three N fertilization levels (0, 50 kg N ha−1 in May, or 50 kg N ha−1 in May and August) and two levels of K fertilization (0 or 42 kg K ha−1). Potassium fertilization did not affect HM, crude protein (CP), or in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM); however, tissue K concentration increased from 10.6 to 11.2 g kg−1 with increasing K fertilization. Plots fertilized with N had greater HM than the control, but there was no difference between plots fertilized in May only vs. those fertilized in May and August. Experiment 2 was conducted in a greenhouse in 2014 and 2015 with a factorial combination of three levels of N fertilization (0, 50, and 100 kg N ha−1) and four levels of K fertilization (0, 16, 33, and 66 kg K ha−1). There was a quadratic relationship between tissue K concentration and herbage accumulation (HA) and maximum HA occurred with tissue K concentration of 17 g kg−1. Bahiagrass tissue K concentration and response to K fertilization are variable and can be related to fertilization levels.
Herbicide Programs for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Control in Nebraska
Authors: Reicher Zachary , Sousek Matt , Giese Matt 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Research done on annual bluegrass (ABG) control in other areas of the US are likely applicable to Nebraska. However, extreme weather can dramatically affect short‐term annual bluegrass cover and emphasize the need for long‐term control studies.
Three fall POST applications of mesotrione plus prodiamine applied preemergence in August and/or November were effective for ABG control in Kentucky bluegrass fairways. Replacing mesotrione with ethofumesate was also effective when combined with prodiamine in August and November.
June applications of bispyribac‐sodium at 4 oz/ac was highly effective for controlling ABG in creeping bentgrass fairways, and adding two more fall applications at the same rate improved control slightly, but there was no benefit to raising the rate to 6 oz/ac.
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) (ABG) is common in golf courses, and its control has been thoroughly researched in cool‐season turf east of the Mississippi River in the United States. However, ABG response to herbicides varies widely among environments and/or biotypes, and little ABG control research has been done in the northern Great Plains. Therefore, our objective was to validate ABG herbicide control systems in golf course fairways of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG) or creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG) in Nebraska. Preemergence (PRE) treatments of prodiamine or mesotrione were applied in late summer over 3 yr with or without fall postemergence (POST) treatments of mesotrione or ethofumesate for ABG control in a low‐mow KBG fairway. We also evaluated rate and frequency of bispyribac‐sodium applications with or without a late summer–applied PRE (dithiopyr) in early September for ABG control over 3 yr in a CBG fairway. Our research indicates that ABG control work done in other areas are likely applicable to Nebraska. Three fall POST applications of mesotrione plus prodiamine applied as a PRE in August and/or November was effective for ABG control in KBG fairways. Replacing mesotrione with ethofumesate was also effective when combined with prodiamine in August and November. June applications of bispyribac‐sodium at 4 oz/ac were highly effective for controlling ABG in CBG fairways, and adding two more fall applications at the same rate improved control slightly, but there was no benefit to raising the rate to 6 oz/ac. Lastly, extreme weather in one summer and one winter dramatically affected short‐term ABG cover and emphasized the need for long‐term control studies in areas with dramatic weather cycles.
Performance of Heifers Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures Strip or Solid Seeded with Clovers
Authors: Beck Paul A. , Stewart C. Brandon , Jennings John A. , Singh Devesh , Sims M. B. 
Published: March 2017

Core IdeasStrip‐seeding of clovers into bermudagrass swards resulted in similar clover stand percentage compared with solid planting of clovers.Heifers grazing pastures that were strip seeded performed similarly to heifers grazing clovers that were seeded in solid stands.Red clovers persisted longer into the summer than either white or subterranean clovers.Red clover provided greater animal performance than white and subterranean clovers.Even though clovers can provide improved forage quality and reduced N fertilization when grazing stocker calves on warm‐season grass pastures, stand establishment remains a concern. The objective of this research was to determine if alternative methods of seeding legumes into warm‐season perennial swards could improve legume establishment. This research took place on 18, four‐acre mixed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris(Retz.) Koeler], and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatumPoir.) pastures at the University of Arkansas Southwest Research and Extension Center Stocker Unit. Pastures were seeded in October of 2013 to white (Trifolium repensL.), red (Trifolium pratenseL.), or subterranean (Trifolium subterraneumL.) clovers either in solid stands at the recommended rate (2.0, 8.0, and 11 lb/acre, respectively) or in four 0.25‐acre strips at twice the recommended seeding rate in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three pasture replications per treatment combination. Growing heifers (n= 216; 614 ± 44.4 lb) grazed pastures from May to September 2014 and April to September 2015. Red clover was present later into the summer than white or subterranean clovers, but there were no differences due to seeding method. At the end of the grazing season, heifer bodyweight and gain was greater when grazing red clover than when grazing subterranean clover. Strip‐seeded clovers in only 50% of the pasture area provided similar stands to conventional solid seeding and equivalent animal performance. Red clover grew later into the summer grazing season and provided greater animal performance than white and subterranean clovers.