bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 on the debate on open science: a qualitative analysis of published materials from the period of the pandemic
Authors: Benson Marshall Melanie , Pinfield Stephen , Abbott Pamela , Cox Andrew , Alperin Juan Pablo , Barata Germana Fernandes , Chtena Natascha , Dorsch Isabelle , Fleerackers Alice , Oliveira Monique , Peters Isabella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study is an analysis of the international debate on open science that took place during the pandemic. It addresses the question, how did the COVID-19 pandemic impact the debate on open science? The study takes the form of a qualitative analysis of a large corpus of key articles, editorials, blogs and thought pieces about the impact of COVID on open science, published during the pandemic in English, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. The findings show that many authors believed that it was clear that the experience of the pandemic had illustrated or strengthened the case for open science, with language such as a “stress test”, “catalyst”, “revolution” or “tipping point” frequently used. It was commonly believed that open science had played a positive role in the response to the pandemic, creating a clear ‘line of sight’ between open science and societal benefits. Whilst the arguments about open science deployed in the debate were not substantially new, the focuses of debate changed in some key respects. There was much less attention given to business models for open access and critical perspectives on open science, but open data sharing, preprinting, information quality and misinformation became most prominent in debates. There were also moves to reframe open science conceptually, particularly in connecting science with society and addressing broader questions of equity.
All-optical platform for ultrasound transmission matrix measurements
Authors: Moisseev Ron , Rosenthal Amir 
Published: October 2024

Piezoelectric ultrasound transducers are constrained by size, bandwidth, and angular response, limiting their ability to fully characterize the acoustic properties of objects. In this study, we introduce a novel modular all-optical platform for ultrasound generation and detection to overcome these limitations, demonstrating wideband operation (&gt;50 MHz), omnidirectional response, and high signal fidelity. Ultrasound generation is performed via the optoacoustic effect by illuminating an optically absorbing coating with spatially modulated pulsed light, and ultrasound detection is carried out using a silicon-photonic acoustic detector. By illuminating patterns that span a basis and scanning the detector, the full transmission matrix is measured, consisting of the acoustic waveforms for all the transmitter–receiver pairs in the measurement geometry. Our method is experimentally demonstrated in transmission mode for beam steering, beam focusing, and imaging, achieving excellent agreement with the theory.
Quantifying the effects of neutron fluence on proton signal retention in CR-39
Authors: Russell L. , Johnson T. M. , Lawrence Y. , Reichelt B. , Vanderloo N. , Cufari M. , Buschmann B. I. , Dannhoff S. , DeVault A. , Doeg E. , Evans T. , Foo B. C. , Frankel R. , Kunimune J. H. , Pearcy J. A. , Vargas J. , Gatu Johnson M. , Frenje J. 
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on investigations on the impact of higher neutron fluences on the detection efficiency of protons with CR-39, a charged particle track detector. CR-39 is widely used as a diagnostic for inertial fusion applications and is an integral component of numerous particle diagnostics at the OMEGA laser facility and National Ignition Facility. As experiments continue to produce higher and higher yields, existing diagnostics are impacted by higher particle fluences than they were originally designed for. This paper presents data from experiments measuring proton signal on pieces of CR-39 with different levels of neutron fluence with two different etch times. The experiments show a decrease in signal recovery with increased neutron fluence, which is exacerbated at longer etch times. At 3 h etch time, data suggest a 17% ± 7% signal loss at 1.3 × 105 neutron-induced tracks per cm2 and a 67% ± 21% loss at 6 h etch time. Careful signal isolation techniques can recover most of the proton tracks even with moderate neutron fluence.
Re-configurable digital bandwidth interleaved sampling system based on fast spectrum sensing
Authors: Chen Li , Ye Peng , Pan Zhixiang , Zhao Yu , Huang Wuhuang , Yang Kuojun 
Published: October 2024

The complexity of systems with parallel acquisition architectures has increased sharply with the continuous growth of signal bandwidth, and sampling precision has been greatly challenged. Considering that the signal to be measured usually exhibits sparsity in the frequency domain, this paper proposes a re-configurable bandwidth interleaved acquisition architecture to maximize test flexibility and accuracy. The sampling process is divided into two stages: sensing and re-configurable acquisition. In the sensing stage, the signal spectrum distribution is roughly understood using a sparse Fourier transform. Based on the spectrum sensing results, the subband selection and the adaptive adjustment of the mixing local oscillator in the acquisition system are performed. Ultimately, these steps enhance sampling accuracy. This paper verifies the effectiveness of this method on a 10 GHz acquisition system, demonstrating that it can significantly reduce data redundancy. In addition, it improves acquisition accuracy compared to traditional bandwidth interleaved systems. The experimental results indicate that re-configurable sampling can significantly improve the quality of sampling results. This is evidenced by a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of over 7.4 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range improvement of over 4.7 dB compared to traditional sampling results.
Electron density measurement of an ionospheric-like plasma using an impedance probe
Authors: Liu Xiangqun , Liu Yu , Yu Pengcheng , Yue Han , Jin Rong , Zhang Yichen , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: October 2024

In this work, an impedance probe was designed to measure ionospheric low-density plasma. The probe is made of short cylindrical dipoles with an antenna 20 cm in length and 0.25 cm in diameter, which can operate in the frequency range of 0–100 MHz. Combined with a vector network analyzer, the performance of the probe was tested in laboratory-created ionospheric-like plasma, and the results were compared with those of the Langmuir probe measurements. The densities measured by the two methods show a consistent trend, and the impedance probe data show much smaller uncertainties, which suggests that the impedance probe can achieve high-precision measurements. Furthermore, by fitting the antenna phase data, the electron-neutral collision frequency can also be obtained. Therefore, the impedance probe provides a feasible method for exploring low-density partially ionized plasma and can be expanded to actual ionospheric exploration in the future.
Phonon-assisted Auger decay of excitons in doped transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Scharf Benedikt , Perebeinos Vasili 
Published: October 2024

The competition between the radiative and nonradiative lifetimes determines the optical quantum yield and plays a crucial role in the potential optoelectronic applications of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Here, we show that, in the presence of free carriers, an additional nonradiative decay channel opens for excitons in TMDC monolayers. Although the usual Auger decay channel is suppressed at low doping levels by the simultaneous momentum and energy conservation laws, exciton–phonon coupling relaxes this suppression. By solving a Bethe–Salpeter equation, we calculate the phonon-assisted Auger decay rates in four typical TMDCs as a function of doping, temperature, and dielectric environment. We find that even for a relatively low doping of 1012 cm−2, the nonradiative lifetime ranges from 16 to 165 ps in different TMDCs, offering competition to the radiative decay channel.
Measuring neutron star radius with second and third generation gravitational wave detector networks
Authors: Bandopadhyay Ananya , Kacanja Keisi , Somasundaram Rahul , Nitz Alexander H , Brown Duncan A 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe next generation of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors will observe mergers of black holes and neutron stars throughout cosmic time. A large number of the binary neutron star merger events will be observed with extreme high fidelity, and will provide stringent constraints on the equation of state of nuclear matter. In this paper, we investigate the systematic improvement in the measurability of the equation of state with increase in detector sensitivity by combining constraints obtained on the radius of a1.4M⊙neutron star from a simulated source population. Since the measurability of the equation of state depends on its stiffness, we consider a range of realistic equations of state that span the current observational constraints. We show that a single 40 km Cosmic Explorer detector can pin down the neutron star radius for a soft, medium and stiff equation of state with a precision of 10 m within a decade, whereas the current generation of ground-based detectors like the Advanced LIGO-Virgo network would takeO(105)years to do so for a soft equation of state.
Comparison of deep-learning multimodality data fusion strategies in mandibular osteoradionecrosis NTCP modelling using clinical variables and radiation dose distribution volumes
Authors: Humbert-Vidan Laia , Patel Vinod , King Andrew P , Urbano Teresa Guerrero 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) modelling is rapidly embracing deep learning (DL) methods, acknowledging the importance of spatial dose information. Finding effective ways to combine information from radiation dose distribution maps (dosiomics) and clinical data involves technical challenges and requires domain knowledge. We propose different multi-modality data fusion strategies to facilitate future DL-based NTCP studies. Approach. Early, joint and late DL multi-modality fusion strategies were compared using clinical and mandibular radiation dose distribution volumes. These were contrasted with single-modality models: a random forest trained on non-image data (clinical, demographic and dose-volume metrics) and a 3D DenseNet-40 trained on image data (mandibular dose distribution maps). The study involved a matched cohort of 92 osteoradionecrosis cases and 92 controls from a single institution. Main results. The late fusion model exhibited superior discrimination and calibration performance, while the join fusion achieved a more balanced distribution of the predicted probabilities. Discrimination performance did not significantly differ between strategies. Late fusion, though less technically complex, lacks crucial inter-modality interactions for NTCP modelling. In contrast, joint fusion, despite its complexity, resulted in a single network training process which included intra- and inter-modality interactions in its model parameter optimisation. Significance. This study is a pioneering effort in comparing different strategies for including image data into DL-based NTCP models in combination with lower dimensional data such as clinical variables. The discrimination performance of such multi-modality NTCP models and the choice of fusion strategy will depend on the distribution and quality of both types of data. Multiple data fusion strategies should be compared and reported in multi-modality NTCP modelling using DL.
An in-silico study of conventional and FLASH radiotherapy iso-effectiveness: potential impact of radiolytic oxygen depletion on tumor growth curves and tumor control probability
Authors: González-Crespo I , Gómez F , López Pouso Ó , Pardo-Montero J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. This work aims to investigate the iso-effectiveness of conventional and FLASH radiotherapy on tumors through in-silico mathematical models. We focused on the role of radiolytic oxygen depletion (ROD), which has been argued as a possible factor to explain the FLASH effect. Approach. We used a spatiotemporal reaction-diffusion model, including ROD, to simulate tumor oxygenation and response. From those oxygen distributions we obtained surviving fractions (SFs) using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model with the oxygen enhancement ratios (OERs). We then employed the calculated SFs to describe the evolution of preclinical tumor volumes through a mathematical model of tumor response, and we also extrapolated those results to calculate tumor control probabilities (TCPs) using the Poisson-LQ approach. Main results. Our study suggests that the ROD effect may cause differences in SF between FLASH and conventional radiotherapy, especially in low α/β and poorly oxygenated cells. However, a statistical analysis showed that these changes in SF generally do not result in significant differences in the evolution of preclinical tumor growth curves when the sample size is small, because such differences in SF may not be noticeable in the heterogeneity of the population of animals. Nonetheless, when extrapolating this effect to TCP curves, we observed important differences between both techniques (TCP is lower in FLASH radiotherapy). When analyzing the response of tumors with heterogeneous oxygenations, differences in TCP are more important for well oxygenated tumors. This apparent contradiction with the results obtained for homogeneously oxygenated cells is explained by the complex interplay between the heterogeneity of tumor oxygenation, the OER effect, and the ROD effect. Significance. This study supports the experimentally observed iso-effectiveness of FLASH and conventional radiotherapy when analyzing the volume evolution of preclinical tumors (that are far from control). However, this study also hints that tumor growth curves may be less sensitive to small variations in SF than tumor control probability: ROD may lead to increased SF in FLASH radiotherapy, which while not large enough to cause significant differences in tumor growth curves, could lead to important differences in clinical TCPs. Nonetheless, it cannot be discarded that other effects not modeled in this work, like radiation-induced immune effects, can contribute to tumor control and maintain the iso-effectiveness of FLASH radiotherapy. The study of tumor growth curves may not be the ideal experiment to test the iso-effectiveness of FLASH, and experiments reporting TCP or D
50 may be preferred.
Improving microvascular sensitivity of color Doppler using phase mask based flow recycling algorithm
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Jiabin , Yin Jingyi , Yang Jinyu , Chen Daichao , Xia Yu , Zhang Jue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Blood flow sensitivity is a crucial metric for appraising the effectiveness of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). Color Doppler velocity maps based on classic autocorrelation techniques are widely used in clinical practice. However, these techniques often produce twinkling artifacts in noisy regions due to the inherent randomness of noise phases. To mitigate artifacts and improve image quality, Power Mask (PoM) technology becomes imperative. Nevertheless, PoM technology unintentionally filters out small flow signals that have similar power and frequency characteristics to noise signals, thereby reducing the imaging system’s sensitivity to flow. Approach. To address this issue, a novel Flow Recycling Algorithm (FRA) based on phase anomaly is introduced in this study. This algorithm, excavating small flow signals from noise, aims to enhance the small flow signals with low-velocity by the phase characteristics of the color Doppler flow information. Main results. Experiments in multi-organ imaging have shown that the FRA-CDFI approach is more effective in suppressing twinkling artifacts in noisy regions, preserving intricate small flow signals, and markedly improving small blood flow sensitivity. This novel approach provides adequate technical support for clinical ultrasound imaging of organs with dense small blood vessels, such as the brain, kidneys, liver, and more. Significance. As a novel post-processing method, FRA-CDFI holds significant potential for future deployment in clinical high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging devices.
The influence of heart rate on the relationship between pulse transit time and systolic blood pressure
Authors: Fu Zhizhong , Song Xinyue , Qin Tianyi , Chen Yifan , Ding Xiaorong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Pulse transit time (PTT) is a popular indicator of blood pressure (BP) changes. However, the relationship between PTT and BP is somehow individual dependent, resulting in the inaccuracy of PTT-based BP estimation. Confounding factors, e.g. heart rate (HR), of PTT and BP could be the primary cause. In this study we attempt to explore the impact of HR as a window to look at the influence of confounding factors on the relationship between PTT and BP. Approach. We investigated the relationship between PTT and systolic BP (SBP) at different HR levels by introducing the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) as a quantitative indicator. Compared to the average HR calculated using traditional indicators (e.g. regression coefficient, correlation coefficient), the HTE calculation method can compute the relationship between PTT and SBP at different HR levels, and reduce the influence of confounding factors. Main results. We analyzed the HTE of PTT and SBP of 47 subjects who are resting healthy young people with varying levels of HR. The results showed that the strength of the HTE of PTT and SBP varied with HR, indicating that the strength of the causal relationship between PTT and SBP is subject to HR levels. Whereas the correlation between SBP and PTT was individual dependent; either the strength or the direction of the correlation can vary with HR. We further investigated the group in which PTT and SBP exhibited a negative correlation, and found that about 50% of the subjects showed enhanced strength of HTE with an increase in HR and the remaining showed the opposite. Significance. HR has an impact on the relationship between PTT and SBP. This means that HR needs to be considered when PTT is used as an indicator of SBP.
Effect of central plasma pressure on high-order harmonics of 1/1 quasi-interchange instability in a central weak magnetic shear tokamak configuration
Authors: Xie Y , Ma J , Guo W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Numerical investigations of linear and nonlinear stages of quasi-interchange instability in a cylindrical tokamak geometry with a flat q-profile in the core region are conducted using eigenvalue and initial value codes, respectively. It is found that there exists a dependent relationship between the central plasma pressure

p
0

(of the initial pressure profile) and the dominant harmonic of the quasi-interchange instability. As

p
0

increases, m = n > 1 mode would be dominant in the linear stage and even in the nonlinear stage, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode number, respectively. In addition, with

p
0

increasing, the fast growth of other harmonics is inevitable and will deeply affect the evolution of

m
=
n

dominant quasi-interchange instability.
Enhancing light trapping for improved efficiency of perovskite solar cells: design and analysis
Authors: Sen Riya , Menka  
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is explored for its potential to achieve high-efficiency and cost-effective solar energy conversion, especially through improved light management. In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized to explore PSCs with light trapping nanostructures which will enhance the optical and electrical properties. A nanometer-scale concave structure is proposed in this paper to direct and capture light. This configuration is compared to a planar structure to see how it affect PSCs optoelectronic performance. Electrical simulations showed that concave nanostructured PSCs increase carrier generation and collect more carriers. The short-circuit current rose from 3.91 mA for the planar structure to 4.95 mA for the concave structure. Power conversion efficiency for concave PSCs increased 11% compared to the planar construction after choosing optimal height of concave structure. Thus, the performance investigation by combined optical and electrical analysis of nanostructures shows that it has the ability to build high-efficiency PSCs with light-trapping approach.
Optimized synthesis and characterization of La(OH)3 and LaB6 nanostructures for enhanced NIR optical filters
Authors: Bulbul B G , Toprak B C , Sayrac M , Ozen Y , Ozcelik S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study describes a method for synthesizing nanostructured La(OH)3 and LaB6 materials with efficient field emission properties using the spin coating technique. The study was motivated by the significant demand for the optical properties of LaB6 with efficient field emission properties using the spin coating technique in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The optimization of the LaB6 synthesis process for economic and reproducible results is highlighted, showcasing a systematic approach starting from La(OH)3 formation through chemical mixing and high-temperature heating, followed by boron incorporation. The systematic methodology includes forming La(OH)3 through chemical mixing and high-temperature heating, followed by combining it with boron to achieve the LaB6 structure. Characterization methods such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, AFM, and SIMS validated the successful synthesis and uniformity of the materials. Optical analyses showed increased visible transmittance and reduced infrared transmittance for the LaB6 thin film. Optical analyses showed increased visible transmittance and decreased infrared transmittance in the 110 nm thick LaB6 film, with an absorption valley at 1000 nm. SEM images revealed microstructural features and AFM analysis indicated a homogeneous distribution of La and B atoms with an RMS value of 0.87 nm. SIMS analysis confirmed uniform atomic distribution throughout the film thickness. The optimized recipes contribute to the efficiency and controllability of the synthesis process. The presented results provide valuable insights into material synthesis methodologies and serve as a crucial reference for utilizing LaB6 materials in infrared devices.
Multi-image encryption scheme using cross-plane coupling permutation and plain-by-plain wave diffusion
Authors: Lai Qiang , Wang Huangtao , Erkan Uǧur , Toktas Abdurrahim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Images contain a wealth of visual information, are susceptible to unauthorized access due to their vulnerability and sensitivity. This paper designs a novel multi-image encryption scheme for protecting the privacy of images of different sizes and types. Initially, a 2D memristive hyperchaotic map (2D-MHM) is designed and subjected to various dynamic analyses and randomness evaluations. The results demonstrate that the proposed map possesses an exceptionally large parameter space, high Lyapunov exponent and sample entropy, and has successfully passed the entire suite of NIST test, verifying its feasibility for confidential communication. Then we present a multi-image encryption scheme combining cross-plane coupling permutation and plain-by-plain wave diffusion to realize random exchange and global variation of pixels in different planes. The performance evaluation and numerical analysis demonstrate that the scheme is resilient against multifarious types of attacks, possesses great security while effectively enhancing encryption efficiency. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with advanced algorithms and its application in healthcare is discussed, exhibiting its superiority in multiple aspects.