bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levelling the field: A review of the ICT revolution and agricultural extension in the Global South
Authors: Khan Rashid Parvez , Gupta Saurabh , Daum Thomas , Birner Regina , Ringler Claudia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInformation and communications technology has evolved significantly over the last seven decades, beginning with radio and video vans and culminating in the rise of smartphones and mobile internet in remote areas of the Global South. While ICT is an integral part of agricultural extension, little is known about how these changes have influenced agricultural extension practices. After a systematic review of 131 papers, we find that changes in ICT have shaped agricultural extension, enabling a shift from linear dissemination and “one‐way communication” to co‐innovation and farmer‐to‐farmer learning. The results indicate the potential for smartphones and mobile internet to democratize agricultural extension.
The effect of recombinant zoster vaccine on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: A multi‐institutional propensity score‐matched cohort study
Authors: Tsai Ya‐Wen , Zhang Bin , Wu Jheng‐Yan , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Liu Ting‐Hui , Chuang Min‐Hsiang , Huang Po‐Yu , Lai Chih‐Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) for individuals aged 50 years and older, its effectiveness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains uncertain. This study was conducted to assess the effect of RZV on the risk of HZ in COPD patients. A multi‐institutional propensity score‐matched retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX Research network, including individuals aged 40 years or older with COPD from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022. Patients with a history of HZ or prior zoster vaccination were excluded. The primary outcome was HZ occurrence, with secondary outcomes including severe and nonsevere HZ. After propensity score matching, each 17 431 patients receiving RZV and unvaccinated patients were included. The vaccinated group had a significantly lower risk of HZ compared to the unvaccinated group (HR, 0.62; [95% confidence intervals] 95% CI, 0.51–0.75, p < 0.01). Similar risk reductions were observed for nonsevere HZ (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 049–0.75, p < 0.01) and severe HZ (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38–0.73, p < 0.01). Further subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent risk reductions across age (50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years), sex, and comorbidities, except for individual aged 40–49 years. This study confirms the effectiveness of RZV in reducing HZ risk in patients with COPD aged 50 years and older, supporting its administration in this population. However, vaccination rates remain low, highlighting the need for improved vaccination strategies in this high‐risk group. Efforts to enhance vaccine uptake are warranted to reduce HZ morbidity.
A millimeter‐wave ultra‐wideband triplexer with high isolation and high power
Authors: Li Dong , Wei Zhouyang , Wang Maoyan , Hong Zhenyu , Wei Boqi , Lin Juntao , Sun Lijie , Xu Jun , Zhang Xiaochuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a compact, noncontiguous, high isolation, manifold triplexer operating from 25.8 to 49.5 GHz, a 62.95% wide fractional operating bandwidth. The triplexer is composed of three waveguide bandpass filters with Chebyshev responses. The initialization and loop optimization strategy of the triplexer are given. To eliminate undesired high‐order mode transmission between common port and filters, ridged‐waveguide topology, tuning screws, capacitive windows, and narrowing the wide edges of resonant cavities for the third filter are employed. The measured results and simulated ones are in good agreement. To our knowledge, this is the most broadband, high‐power triplexer demonstrated to date.
Immune Cells Promote BDNF Expression by Infiltrated Macrophages via Interleukin 4 in the Cerebral Ischemia of Male Rats
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Guan Yunqian , Chen Danni , Li Jiyu , Yu Wenxiu , Zou Haiqiang , Liu Bochao , Chen Ling , Chen Zhiguo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWe reported that infiltrated Ly6C+ macrophages express brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) only at the cerebral cortex infarct in a rat dMCAO model. However, the changein neuron‐expressed BDNF, the niche components that induce the Ly6C+ cells to express BDNF, and the cellular sources of these components, remain unclear. In this study, immunofluorescence double staining was performed to label BDNF and Ly6C on brain sections at 3, 24, and 48 h following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) of male rats, and to stain BDNF with Ly6C, IL‐4R, and IL‐10R. A neutralizing anti‐IL‐4 antibody was injected into the infarct, and the IL‐4 and BDNF concentrations in the subareas of the infarct were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To find out the cellular sources of IL‐4, the markers for microglia, T cells, and neurons were co‐stained with IL‐4 separately. In certain infarct subareas, the main BDNF‐expressing cells shifted quickly from NeuN+ neurons to Ly6C+ cells during 24–48 h post‐stroke, and the Ly6C+/BDNF+ cells mostly expressed IL‐4 receptor. Following IL‐4 neutralizing antibody injection, the BDNF, IL‐4 protein levels, and BDNF+/Ly6C+ cells decreased significantly. The main IL‐4‐expressing cell type in this infarct subarea is not neuron either, but immune cells, including microglia, monocyte, macrophages, and T cells. The neurons, maintained BDNF and IL‐4 expression in the peri‐infarct area. In conclusion, in a specific cerebral subarea of the rat dMCAO model, IL‐4 secreted by immune cells is one of the main inducers for Ly6C+ cells to express BDNF.
Links between the Botswana High and drought modes over southern Africa
Authors: Maoyi Molulaqhooa L. , Abiodun Babatunde J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought is one of the most devastating threats to the livelihoods of the southern African population, who mainly rely on rain‐fed agriculture for income. Previous studies have highlighted that the Botswana High influences drought over the region; however, its influence on the spatial modes of drought remains unknown. This study examines the spatiotemporal structures of drought modes (DMs) over southern Africa and their link with the Botswana High in observation, reanalysis and Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS). To characterize droughts, the study uses the 3‐month scale standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Spatiotemporal characteristics of the DMs are identified using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on SPI and SPEI. EOF analysis is also used to identify the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Botswana High. The relationship between each DM and the Botswana High is quantified using correlation and R2 analysis. In all the datasets (Climate Research Unit (CRU), European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts version 5 (ERA5), 20th Century reanalysis II (20C) and MPAS), the most dominant five DMs (hereafter DM1–DM5) over southern Africa jointly explain more than 60% of the interannual variability in the 3‐month scale summer droughts for SPEI and SPI. CRU, ERA5 and MPAS agree that the Botswana High correlates with the interannual variability of DM1, with a stronger correlation in ERA5 (r = −0.85) compared to MPAS (r = −0.42) and CRU (r = −0.35). Additionally, wet years (+ve SPEI and SPI) are characterized by a weak Botswana High and drought years (−ve SPEI and SPI) by a strong Botswana High. The wet and dry years correspond to the −ve and +ve phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. Given this, the results of this study suggest that the Botswana High might be a teleconnection pattern through which ENSO signals influence DM1 over the region.
Anemia secondary to copper deficiency in a child receiving gastrojejunal feeds: A case report
Authors: Sabir Sarah , Jain Megha , Goyal Meenakshi , Teitelbaum Jonathan E. , Guli Katelyn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPediatric macrocytic anemia has a varied etiology, including nutritional deficiencies, such as folate or B12 deficiency, hematological factors, and micronutrient deficiencies, such as copper deficiency. We present the case of a 9‐year‐old girl with a complex medical history and gastrojejunal tube (G‐J tube)‐dependent nutrition who developed macrocytic anemia due to copper deficiency. Despite receiving enteral nutrition, her dietary copper intake was insufficient, leading to hematological abnormalities. Copper supplementation resulted in the normalization of hematological indices, highlighting the importance of considering trace element deficiencies in patients reliant on enteral nutrition, particularly in those receiving jejunal feeds. This case underscores the necessity for vigilant monitoring and optimized micronutrient supplementation in such patients given the lack of standardized guidelines for copper supplementation.
Oil‐in‐water emulsion activity and stability of short‐term retrograded starches depend on starch molecular size, amylose content, and amylopectin chain length
Authors: Li Songnan , Feng Duo , Xiao Xue , Li Enpeng , Wang Jun , Li Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDNatural emulsifiers are increasingly preferred by the food industry to meet consumers' demand for ‘clean‐label’ emulsion products. In the present study, 10 short‐term retrograded starches with unique molecular structures were explored to examine the relationships between starch structures and their ability to form stable oil‐in‐water emulsions.RESULTSWaxy maize starch showed the largest value of contact angle and conductivity of emulsion, whereas potato and lentil starch showed the lowest value of contact angle and conductivity of emulsion, respectively. Emulsion prepared by rice starch showed the lowest, whereas that of sweet potato starch showed the highest value of viscosity. Consequentially, the emulsion stabilized with waxy maize and tapioca starch showed the smallest and less polydisperse droplets, resulting in a much higher emulsifying index. On the other hand, emulsion prepared with potato starch showed the highest stability compared to other starches. Correlation analysis suggested that starches with larger molecular size, a lower amylose content and shorter amylopectin short chains had a higher emulsification ability, whereas the amount of starch molecular interactions formed during short‐term retrogradation revealed no obvious linking to emulsion performances.CONCLUSIONThese findings provided food industry with exciting opportunities to develop ‘clean‐label’ emulsions with desirable properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of AI on the post‐pandemic generation of early career researchers: What we know or can predict from the published literature
Authors: Herman Eti , Nicholas David , Abrizah Abdullah , Revez Jorge , Rodríguez‐Bravo Blanca , Swigon Marzena , Clark David , Xu Jie , Watkinson Anthony 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis extensive literature review is not a stand‐alone paper, as it was conducted to help set the scene for the third and current stage of the Harbinger of Change project (H‐3), which is focusing on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on early career researchers (ECRs). Its purpose is to inform the design, scope and question‐forming of the ongoing interview project (2024–). The overarching aim of the review is to establish what we know of the already extant and/or predicted opportunities and challenges that AI‐driven technologies present to researchers, in general, and the cohort of junior researchers among them, in particular. It was found that very little empirical evidence exists of what is happening to ECRs on the ground, and that tends to be drowned in a sea of forecasts and prognostications. However, down the road there are clear benefits accruing to ECRs and, arguably, the most appealing for novice researchers must be the benefits of enhancing their productivity, the key to all scholarly rewards, inclusive of career advancement.
Tidal pumping and intertidal groundwater springs create pronounced spatiotemporal thermal variability in a coastal lagoon
Authors: Smith Kathryn A. , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntertidal groundwater springs provide thermally stable, nutrient‐rich freshwater that causes fine‐scale variability in water temperature and salinity and promotes biodiversity in coastal estuaries and lagoons. In this study, we combined three thermal sensing techniques to elucidate summer water temperature patterns at the mouths of intertidal groundwater springs and the ambient coastal lagoon in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Thermal infrared imagery captured the spatiotemporal variability in relative temperatures of the lagoon channel and cold‐water plumes from the springs. Thermal anomalies due to the springs were detected at the surface throughout a tidal cycle, suggesting that the thermal plumes were buoyant. Fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing paired with temperature loggers near the spring outlets recorded groundwater temperatures at low tide (~ 7°C) but ambient lagoon temperatures (up to 26°C) at high tide due to the vertical thermal gradient in the stratified water column. Calculated estuarine Richardson numbers throughout the study confirm intertidal spring buoyancy due to salinity differences. The fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing results revealed pronounced variations in temperature as evidenced by spatial (3.7°C) and temporal (5.5°C) standard deviations over the cable length during the study and lower mean lagoon bed water temperatures at high tide (22.5°C) than low tide (24.3°C) due to heat advection from tidal pumping. Lagoon temperatures fluctuate at diurnal (solar) and semi‐diurnal (tidal) frequencies. The findings emphasize the efficacy of a multi‐technology approach to reveal fine‐scale and dynamic thermal processes that drive temperature patterns and habitat distribution in coastal lagoon ecosystems and highlight the thermal influence of intertidal springs.
Unusual Nonlinear Absorption Switching in Mixed‐Halide Perovskites by Light‐Induced Halide Segregation
Authors: Gao Guan‐Feng , Chen Ze‐Kai , Lin Ke‐Sheng , Li Ze‐Lin , Gu Hao‐Tian , Gao Yu , Miao Yu , Wu Yongbo , Hu Xiaowen , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Jiang Xiao‐Fang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as important semiconductor materials for optoelectronic devices due to the bandgap tunability by halide composition. However, their device applications are hampered by light‐induced ion migration and halide segregation, leading to the formation of lower bandgap domains with red‐shifted photoluminescence. Previous studies of phase segregation in MHPs have predominantly focused on their linear optical properties. Herein, nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties of MAPbBr2I films before and after femtosecond laser irradiation are investigated using the Micro‐I‐scan technique. An unusual NLA switching from reverse‐saturable absorption (RSA) to saturable absorption (SA) under intense laser illumination is found. It is unveiled that the initial RSA originates from two‐photon absorption in uniform bromide‐rich regions of as‐prepared film whereas the SA occurs due to state filling effect in the newly generated low bandgap I‐rich phases under laser irradiation. The switching threshold and effective NLA coefficient are highly dependent on the distribution of halide ions, which is controllable through the laser illumination time. Furthermore, an all‐optical logic gate scheme is demonstrated based on the unusual NLA switching. The results not only unveil that halide segregation results in NLA switching in MHPs but also pave the way for the realization of MHPs‐based nonlinear photonic devices.
Corrosion Behavior of Heat‐Treated Fe‐Based Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Kulkarni Pranav Vivek , Oza Meet Jaydeepkumar , Igual‐Munoz Anna , Sallese Jean‐Michel , Shahverdi Moslem , Leinenbach Christian , Mischler Stefano 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe influence of various heat treatments on the corrosion behavior of a novel iron‐based shape memory alloy (Fe‐SMA), Fe‐17Mn‐6Si‐10Cr‐4Ni‐1(V,C), used as prestressing elements in civil engineering was examined through electrochemical corrosion methods. SMAs were subjected to two different electrolytes: saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions with and without chlorides to mimic the conditions in concrete. Two specific heat treatments were applied to the Fe‐SMA, which resulted in a change in grain size and precipitation of secondary phases. Furthermore, conventional structural steel, B500B, was utilized as a reference material. The results reveal that the heat treatments did not significantly change the corrosion rates of these alloys in Ca(OH)2 solution compared to B500B when chlorides were absent. However, the presence of chloride ions suppressed the passivity of B500B and promoted the localized corrosion (pitting and intergranular) of the Fe‐SMAs, among which the solutionized alloy showed significantly higher resistance to the pitting. It was demonstrated that the heat treatments and, consequently, microstructural characteristics influence the pitting behavior of these alloys.
Electrochemical Polymerization to Access CS2‐Derived Polythioureas at Room Temperature
Authors: Su Changhui , Liu Shuxin , Zheng Nan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemistry has been widely used in energy storage, metallurgy, chemical synthesis and other fields since its birth using electricity as one of the cheapest reagents. However, compared with the revival of electrochemical synthesis of small molecules, the electrochemical polymerization for preparing macromolecules is still rudimentary due to formidable challenges. Herein, A unique electrochemical polymerization is disclosed between CS2 and diamines at room temperature in an electrolyte‐free manner to access poly thioureas. Polythioureas have high selectivity for four metal ions, including Au3+, Ag+, Pt4+, and Hg2+, and can be used as an efficient adsorbent for recovering gold from metal waste.
Archimedes Spiral Ratings: Determinants and Population‐Based Limits of Normal
Authors: Hopfner Franziska , Tietz Anja , D'Elia Yuri , Pattaro Cristian , Becktepe Jos S. , Gögele Martin , Barin Laura , Pramstaller Peter P. , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Melotti Roberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTremor is commonly found among healthy humans or prevalently a symptom of neurological dysfunctions. However, the distinction between physiological and pathological tremor is dependent on the examiner's competence. Archimedes Spiral Rating (ASR) is a valid and reproducible semi‐quantitative method to assess the severity of action tremor.Objectives(1) To assess the range and percentiles of ASR in a large sample seemingly free of tremor‐related conditions or symptoms from the population‐based CHRIS‐study. (2) To analyze the influence of sex, age, and the drawing hand on ASR. (3) To define ASR limits of normal. (4) To supply exemplary Archimedes spiral drawings by each rating to favor consistent and proficient clinical evaluation.MethodsAccurately investigated participants were randomly sampled over 14 sex‐age strata. 2686 paired spirals drawn with both hands by 1343 participants were expertly assessed on a tremor rating scale from 0 to 9.ResultsASR had a quadratic increase with age in both sexes, while it was relatively lower in the dominant compared to the non‐dominant hand and in women compared to men. ASRs above sex‐age specific 97.5th percentiles of 4 and 5, below and above 60 years of age, respectively, were conceivably of non‐physiological nature.ConclusionsIn a large population‐based sample we show a steeper increase of action tremor by age as age progresses. Relatively higher ratings among the elderly, males and the non‐dominant hands, appear compatible with ASR limits of “normal” across sex‐age groups. The current operational evidence may support practitioners differentiating physiological and pathological hand tremor.
Comprehensive analyses of nuclear mitochondria‐related genes in the molecular features, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Cao Huake , Yang Feixiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Xu Zhihao , Cheng Miao , Yang Shuqi , Tian Xuefeng , Zhang Ning , Xie Yinyin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common urological diseases and the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Nuclear mitochondria‐related genes (MTRGs) play an essential role in cancer, but their effect on ccRCC has not been clarified. This work aimed to investigate the role of nuclear MTRGs in ccRCC.MethodsWe collected nuclear MTRGs from the MITOMAP database and obtained the ccRCC profile from the TCGA database. Gene expression validation came from the GEO database. The ccRCC subtypes were determined by unsupervised clustering analysis based on the nuclear MTRGs. Immune scores were computed using the EPIC algorithm. The drug sensitivity scores were calculated using GDSC resources. A nomogram explored the diagnostic value of the nuclear MTRGs.ResultsIn total, 11 nuclear MTRGs were identified as both related to prognosis and differentially expressed in ccRCC, showing a significant positive correlation with CD274 expression. We determined two subtypes of ccRCC based on these genes and found remarkable differences in survival status, immune infiltration, mutation landscape, and drug sensitivity between the two subtypes. The high‐MTRG group had a better prognosis and a lower tumor stage than the low‐MTRG group. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy was more effective for the high‐MTRG group. A nomogram based on the nuclear MTRGs concluded that patients with a higher score had poorer survival. SUCLA2 (succinate‐CoA ligase ADP‐forming subunit beta) was identified as the hub gene linked to ccRCC. High SUCLA2 expression showed a correlation with better survival and a negative correlation with the tumor mutation burden in ccRCC. Pan‐cancer analysis revealed wide‐ranging roles for SUCLA2 across human tumors.ConclusionsNuclear MTRGs play vital roles in determining the molecular features, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity of ccRCC. High levels of nuclear MTRGs may indicate a better prognosis for patients with ccRCC. SUCLA2 is a representative nuclear MTRG and may serve as a protective biomarker in ccRCC. Our study provides therapeutic guidance and potential biomarkers for ccRCC patients, and contributes to the advancement of precision medicine.