bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter identification for on‐line model updating in hybrid simulations using a gradient‐based method
Authors: Chuang Ming‐Chieh , Hsieh Shang‐Hsien , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Li Chao‐Hsien , Wang Kung‐Juin , Wu An‐Chien 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTo improve the efficiency of model fitting, parameter identification techniques have been actively investigated. Recently, the applications of parameter identification migrated from off‐line model fitting to on‐line model updating. The objective of this study is to develop a gradient‐based method for model updating to advance hybrid simulation also called hybrid test. A novel modification of the proposed method, which can reduce the number of design variables to improve the identification efficiency, is illustrated in detail. To investigate the model updating, simulated hybrid tests were conducted with a 5‐story steel frame equipped with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) utilized in the shaking table tests conducted in E‐Defense in Japan in 2009. The calibrated analytical model that was verified with the test results can serve as the reference model. In the simulated hybrid tests, the physical BRB substructure is numerically simulated by utilizing a truss element with the 2‐surface model identical to the part of the reference model. Such numerical verification allows simulation of measurement errors for investigation on the performance of the proposed method. Moreover, the feasibility of sharing the identified parameter values, which were obtained from the physical substructure responses, with the relevant numerical models is also verified with the artificial component responses derived from the physical experiments.
Seismic retrofit of low‐rise steel buildings in Canada using rocking steel braced frames
Authors: Mottier Paul , Tremblay Robert , Rogers Colin 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis article examines the use of rocking steel braced frames for the retrofit of existing seismically deficient steel building structures. Rocking is also used to achieve superior seismic performance to reduce repair costs and disruption time after earthquakes. The study focuses on low‐rise buildings for which re‐centring is solely provided by gravity loads rather than added post‐tensioning elements. Friction energy dissipative (ED) devices are used to control drifts. The system is applied to 2‐storey and 3‐storey structures located in 2 seismically active regions of Canada. Firm ground and soft soil conditions are considered. The seismic performance of the retrofit scheme is evaluated using nonlinear dynamic analysis and ASCE 41‐13. For all structures, rocking permits to achieve immediate occupancy performance under 2% in 50 years seismic hazard if the braces and their connections at the building's top storeys are strengthened to resist amplified forces due to higher mode response. Base shears are also increased due to higher modes. Impact at column bases upon rocking induces magnified column forces and vertical response in the gravity system. Friction ED is found more effective for drift control than systems with ring springs or bars yielding in tension. Drifts are sufficiently small to achieve position retention performance for most nonstructural components. Horizontal accelerations are generally lower than predicted from ASCE 41 for regular nonrocking structures. Vertical accelerations in the gravity framing directly connected to the rocking frame are however higher than those predicted for ordinary structures. Vertical ground motions have limited effect on frame response.
An indirect shooting method based on the POD/DEIM technique for distributed optimal control of the wave equation
Authors: Sabeh Z. , Shamsi Mostafa , Navon Ionel Michael 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a fast numerical method, based on the indirect shooting method and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique, for solving distributed optimal control of the wave equation. To solve this problem, we consider the first‐order optimality conditions and then by using finite element spatial discretization and shooting strategy, the solution of the optimality conditions is reduced to the solution of a series of initial value problems (IVPs). Generally, these IVPs are high‐order and thus their solution is time‐consuming. To overcome this drawback, we present a POD indirect shooting method, which uses the POD technique to approximate IVPs with smaller ones and faster run times. Moreover, in the presence of the nonlinear term, to reduce the order of the nonlinear calculations, a discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) is applied and a POD/DEIM indirect shooting method is developed. We investigate the performance and accuracy of the proposed methods by means of 4 numerical experiments. We show that the presented POD and POD/DEIM indirect shooting methods dramatically reduce the CPU time compared to the full indirect shooting method, whereas there is no significant difference between the accuracy of the reduced and full indirect shooting methods.
Analytical and numerical studies of the boundary slip in the immersed boundary‐thermal lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Seta Takashi , Hayashi Kosuke , Tomiyama Akio 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe analytically and numerically investigate the boundary slip, including the velocity slip and the temperature jump, in immersed boundary‐thermal lattice Boltzmann methods (IB‐TLBMs) with the two‐relaxation‐time collision operator. We derive the theoretical equation for the relaxation parameters considering the effect of the advection velocity on the temperature jump of the IB‐TLBMs. The analytical and numerical solutions demonstrate that the proposed iterative correction methods without the computational cost of the sparse matrix solver reduce the boundary slip and boundary‐value deviation as effectively as the implicit correction method for any relaxation time. Because the commonly used multi‐direct forcing method does not consider the contributions of the body force to the momentum flux, it cannot completely eliminate the boundary slip because of the numerical instability for a long relaxation time. Both types of proposed iterative correction methods are more numerically stable than the implicit correction method. In simulations of flow past a circular cylinder and of natural convection, the present iterative correction methods yield adequate results without the errors of the velocity slip, the temperature jump, and the boundary‐value deviation for any relaxation time parameters and for any number of Lagrangian points per length. The combination of the present methods and the two‐relaxation‐time collision operator is suitable for simulating fluid flow with thermal convection in the multiblock method in which the relaxation time increases in inverse proportion to the grid size.
Evaluation of peanut skin and grape seed extracts to inhibit growth of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Levy Jason , Boyer Renee R. , Neilson Andrew P. , O'Keefe Sean F. , Chu Hyun Sik S. , Williams Robert C. , Dorenkott Melanie R. , Goodrich Katheryn M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPeanut skin extract (PSE) and grape seed extract (GSE) are derived from waste products in the wine and peanut industries, respectively. Both have high concentrations of polyphenols, known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. PSE primarily contains “A‐type” procyanidins, while GSE primarily contains “B‐type” procyanidins. These differ structurally, but are both isomers of epicatechin dimers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of PSE containing A‐type procyanidins and GSE containing B‐type procyanidins against select foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the two extracts on L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. Typhimurium was determined using the pour plate method. GSE had a significantly lower MIC (p ≤ .05) than PSE for L. monocytogenes (GSE = 60.6 ppm, PSE > 68.2 ppm) and S. Typhimurium (GSE = 45.7 ppm, PSE = 60.6 ppm), but no difference in inhibition of E. coli O157:H7. Since GSE contributed to greater inhibition, GSE extract was fractionated into monomer‐rich (consisting primarily of catechins, epicatechins, and epicatechin gallates) and oligomer‐rich (consisting of dimers, trimers, tetramers, up to decamers) components. Growth curves of all three pathogens in the presence of full extract, monomer and oligomer fractions were compared separately. None of the extracts inhibited S. Typhimurium growth. Generally, the extract containing greater oligomer components inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 when compared to the control. Results indicate that an extract with type B procyanidins higher in oligomers may have greater antimicrobial properties.
Partial characterization of starches from major banana (matooke) cultivars grown in Uganda
Authors: Ssonko Umar L. , Muranga Florence I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe SEM of starch from five EAHB cultivars showed a mixture of irregular granule shapes with smooth surfaces. The starches' average diameter size ranged between 16.31 and 21.98 μm. The moisture, protein, and ash content of the starches were: 11.12%–11.84%, 0.1% and 0.23%–0.47% respectively. The amylose content of these starches was between 11% and 13%. The starches peak viscosity ranged between 488.42 and 558.66 RVU. The EAHB starches exhibited relatively low pasting temperatures (<75°C), a high peak viscosity (488.42–558.71 RVU), high level of viscosity breakdown (235.00–311.92 RVU) and low set‐back values (61.21–104.33 RVU). In general, the EAHB starches' WHCs and SPs increased substantially at 80°C with maximum SP (12.43–14.27 g water/g starch) and solubility (12.52%–14.19%) values obtained at 90°C. The starch clarity ranged from 1.7% to 2.3% and followed the same pattern. The starches exhibited poor freeze‐thaw stability as they had high syneresis (68% to 72%) after 10 freeze‐thaw cycles.
Horizontal and vertical variability of observed soil temperatures
Authors: Illston Bradley G. , Fiebrich Christopher A. 
Published: August 2017

Two datasets of soil temperature observations collected at Norman, Oklahoma, USA, were analysed to study horizontal and vertical variability in their observations. The first dataset comprised 15‐min resolution soil temperature observations from 20 September 2011 to 18 November 2013 in seven plots across a 10‐m transect. In each plot, sensors were located at depths of 5, 10, and 30 cm. All seven plots observed fairly consistent maximum soil temperature observations during the spring, fall, and winter months. Starting in late May, the observed spread in soil temperatures across the 10‐m transect increased significantly until August when the observed spread in temperatures decreased. The range of observed minimum soil temperature was more consistent year‐round at the shallower depths, but showed similar patterns to the maximum soil temperature ranges at deeper depths. The second dataset comprised 15‐min resolution soil temperature observations from 20 November 2013 to 1 December 2015 in a single plot at the same location as the first dataset. Soil temperature sensors were placed every 2 cm from the surface down to 40 cm deep to study the vertical variability in soil temperature measurements (focusing on a winter and a summer case). Both winter and summer conditions showed that the temperature differences between depths behaved logarithmically with the shallower depths having larger differences than deeper depths.
The genesis of the Xujiagou copper deposit, Mian‐Lue‐Ning area of Shaanxi Province,NWChina: Constraints from mineral chemistry and in situPbisotope composition
Authors: Luan Yan , Wang Ruiting , Qian Zhuangzhi , Li Yongqin , Chen Lixiang , Zhang Tianyun , Ding Kun 
Published: August 2017

The Mian‐Lue‐Ning area, bounded by the Hanjiang fault zone in the south and the Mian‐Lue suture in the north, is one of the most important polymetallic mineralization concentration regions in the Qinling orogenic belt. The Xujiagou copper deposit is representative in this area with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite as the main ore minerals, subordinate sphalerite, and pyrite. However, the source of the ore‐forming materials and the genesis of the Xujiagou copper deposit are still in a controversy due to the lack of detailed study on the mineral composition. In this study, the electron probe micro‐analyzer (EPMA) analysis shows that the pyrrhotite in the Xujiagou copper deposit is mostly monoclinic pyrrhotite of low‐temperature phase, indicating that the metallogenic temperature should be below 304 °C. The percent of FeS molecules in sphalerite is 8.16–12.1%, indicating that the metallogenic temperature is 230–258 °C, which is mesothermal mineralization. The in situ Pb isotope composition of chalcopyrite (206Pb/204Pb = 19.087–20.861;207Pb/204Pb = 15.533–16.062;208Pb/204Pb = 38.121–39.391) and pyrrhotite (206Pb/204Pb = 20.241–20.664;207Pb/204Pb = 15.7–15.996;208Pb/204Pb = 38.659–39.372) in the Xujiagou copper deposit was analysed by fLA‐MC‐ICPMS, and it indicates that the ore‐forming materials were mainly sourced from the upper crust. Moreover, the contents and ratios of Co and Ni in pyrrhotite (Ni: 500–1600 ppm, Co < 630 ppm, Co/Ni = 0.03–1.71) suggest that the ore‐forming material of the Xujiagou copper deposit could be extracted from the spilite of the Guojiagou Formation, and the ore minerals inherited the geochemical characteristics of the spilite. Combined with previous studies of the Tongchang copper deposit in the Mian‐Lue‐Ning area, it is proposed that the Xujiagou and Tongchang copper deposits have similar ore‐forming materials source and evolution processes, and their formations may be related to the breakup event of the Rodinia supercontinent. However, the relatively lower207Pb/204Pb and206Pb/204Pb ratios of the Tongchang chalcopyrite and pyrite than those of the Xujiagou chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite indicate that the Tongchang copper deposit suffered more intense influence of the lower crust materials due to the emplacement of the Tongchang diorite.
Provenance of Middle to Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Zoige Depression in theNEpart of the Songpan–Ganzi Flysch Basin: Petrography, heavy minerals, and zircon U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Tang Yan , Zhang Yunpeng , Tong Lili 
Published: August 2017

The Zoige Depression is an important depocenter zone within the northeast of the Songpan–Ganzi Flysch Basin, which is bounded by the South China, North China, and Qiangtang blocks, and also forms the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. This paper discusses the provenance of Middle to Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Zoige Depression using petrography, heavy mineral assemblages, and zircon U–Pb geochronology. The results demonstrate that the detritus is derived from multiple source regions. Four distinct parent rocks can be distinguished based on the heavy mineral assemblages and lithic fragments: Provenance 1 predominantly comprises intermediate–acidic volcanic rocks; Provenance 2 includes high‐grade metamorphic rocks; Provenance 3 contains a mixture of various detrital components; and Provenance 4 primarily consists of mafic volcanic rocks. The different U–Pb ages of the zircons from the Middle to Late Triassic ranging from 260 to 280, 429–480, 792–974, and 1,800–2,500 Ma represent distinct source regions, which are comparable to the 4 provenances mentioned above: Provenance 1 (260–280 Ma), Eastern Kunlun Orogen; Provenance 2 (429–480 and/or 1,800–2,500 Ma), Qinling orogeny (mainly in North Qinling); Provenance 3 (1,800–2,500 Ma), the North China Block; and Provenance 4 (792–974 Ma), the Yangtze Block. Overall, the detritus in the Middle Triassic (Ladinian, T2zg) primarily originates from the Eastern Kunlun Orogen and North Qinling. During the Late Triassic (Early Carnian, T3z), the southern margin of the North China Block was likely transported westward to the basin by a river network between the North China and South China blocks flowing through the Qinling region, because of the predominance of the detrital zircon age ranging from 1,800 to 2,500 Ma and the occurrence of quartz sandstone with visible enlargement texture. Since the Late Triassic (Middle Carnian, T3zh), great changes have occurred in the source terrains, such as the absence of sources of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen and North China Block and the predominance of Yangtze Block. This drastic change can be explained by the Triassic collision between the South China and North China blocks, and the clockwise rotation of the South China Block progressively closed the basin and uplifted the Qinling orogeny.
Physical aggression among patients with dementia, neuropathologically confirmed post‐mortem
Authors: Liljegren Madeleine , Landqvist Waldö Maria , Englund Elisabet 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of physical aggression among patients with dementia of different types and to analyze potential differences in clinical traits, in terms of singular or repetitive behavior and occurrence in early or late stage of the disease. We also aimed at examining against whom the physical aggression was exerted.MethodsWe included 281 cases with a neuropathological dementia diagnosis from the brain bank at the Department of Pathology, Lund University, for this retrospective medical records review. The study covers cases with a post‐mortem examination performed between 1967 and 2013.ResultsOf the 281 patients studied, 97 (35%) patients had a history of exerting physical aggression during the course of their disease. The patients with frontotemporal dementia exerted physical aggression earlier in the course of their disease than Alzheimer's disease patients. The most frequent victims of the patients' physical aggression were health staff and other patients. The aggression also affected family members as well as (to the demented patient) unknown people. The frequency of the physical aggression differed among the different diagnostic groups; frontotemporal dementia patients exhibiting a higher physical aggression frequency score than did Alzheimer's disease patients.ConclusionsThe patterns of manifested physical aggression thus differ between the frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease patient groups in this study. Knowledge about such differences may be of value in decision making in patient care.
Comparative study of mechanical and chemical methods for surface cleaning of a marine shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger
Authors: P.S Kishore , Kumar Rajnish , N Vamsi Venkata 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this article, experimental analysis is done on shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger of a marine vessel for removal of fouling using optimum surface‐cleaning techniques. The main objective is to compare the performance of the heat exchanger before and after maintenance. Two identical deteriorated systems of heat exchangers are taken and real‐time analysis is conducted. The log data are taken before and after undergoing maintenance for the two systems. Two different cleaning techniques are used, namely, chemical cleaning and mechanical cleaning. Detailed calculations are made for the shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger. From the obtained data, comparisons are made for different parameters on the tube side such as friction factor, heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop, as well as total heat transfer rate on the shell side. From the analysis and comparison, it was found that greater heat transfer takes place for the tubes cleaned using the chemical cleaning method than for tubes cleaned by the mechanical cleaning method. Pressure drop is found to be less for chemical cleaning method than mechanical cleaning method. This indicates that the fouling effect is reduced for tubes cleaned by the chemical cleaning method, and furthermore these tubes remain corrosion‐resistant for longer periods of time.
Using the SoSE Principles Framework
Authors: Pratt Jaci M , Cook Stephen C 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the principles for successful System of Systems Engineering practice and their use. The paper opens with a description of the need for System‐of‐Systems Engineering (SoSE) within the Australian Defense context and the research underway to support its introduction. An overview of previous work by the authors follows describing the three‐layer framework used to hold the SoSE principles (Pratt & Cook, 2017) to provide context. This framework comprises an articulation of the worldview which makes SoSE meaningful, the concepts that drive SoSE methodology design and use (descriptive heuristics), and implementation principles (prescriptive heuristics). The paper discusses the need for substantiation of these principles and the framework, the methods by which this being conducted and some the initial work assessing coverage and applicability. Finally, the paper provides suggestions for how this framework and associated principles can be employed for its stated purpose (utility), with specific regards for different stakeholders and their varied roles and responsibilities.
Cause and Impact Analysis of Cost and Schedule Overruns in Subsea Oil and Gas Projects – A Supplier's Perspective
Authors: Bergli Simen , Falk Kristin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper identifies drivers for cost and schedule overruns in subsea production system projects from a supplier's point of view. Subsea Production Systems connects subsea wells to offshore vessels, and enable efficient and safe hydrocarbon production.Using root cause analysis, cause and effect diagram, and Pareto charts in a specific company we identified three main drivers of cost and schedule overruns: qualification of products, changing vendors frequently, and project management.Detailed analyzes of a reference project found that the supplier identified about half of the technology gaps during the tender phase. Technology qualification programs of key components were not included in the bid, although the project had to pay for related cost overruns. In summary, the project could have eliminated more than two thirds of the cost escalation related to qualification costs by capturing all technology gaps in the early tendering phase, and as a result significantly increased the profitability.
Exploring the Cyber‐Physical Design Space
Authors: Fitzgerald John , Gamble Carl , Payne Richard , Lam Benjamin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA major challenge in the model‐based engineering of Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPSs) is that of providing methods and tools that support decision‐making in design. In the CPS design space, system models may be composed of diverse notations and tools, and the range of alternatives to be evaluated is immense. In spite of this, the benefits of trade‐off analysis at an early design stage are significant, making the automation of Design Space Exploration (DSE) an appealing prospect. In bringing DSE to industry scale, there is a clear need for both guidance to engineers in designing DSE, and a theory of cost‐effective DSE algorithms. To address this, we propose and demonstrate a SysML profile that encourages the explicit description of DSE over multi‐disciplinary co‐models, and demonstrate the ability to tune a genetic DSE algorithm across a range of design spaces.