bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Repair Interacts with Autophagy To Regulate Inflammatory Responses to Pulmonary Hyperoxia
Authors: Ye Yan , Lin Ping , Zhang Weidong , Tan Shirui , Zhou Xikun , Li Rongpeng , Pu Qinqin , Koff Jonathan L. , Dhasarathy Archana , Ma Feng , Deng Xin , Jiang Jianxin , Wu Min 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Oxygen is supplied as a supportive treatment for patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Unfortunately, high oxygen concentration increases reactive oxygen species generation, which causes DNA damage and ultimately cell death in the lung. Although 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) is involved in repairing hyperoxia-mediated DNA damage, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we report that ogg-1–deficient mice exhibited a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) in the lung after being exposed to 95% oxygen. In addition, we found that ogg-1 deficiency downregulated (macro)autophagy when exposed to hyperoxia both in vitro and in vivo, which was evident by decreased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, reduced LC3 punctate staining, and lower Atg7 expression compared with controls. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found that OGG-1 associated with the promoter of Atg7, suggesting a role for OGG1 in regulation of Atg7 activity. Knocking down OGG-1 decreased the luciferase reporter activity of Atg7. Further, inflammatory cytokine levels in murine lung epithelial cell line cells were downregulated following autophagy induction by starvation and rapamycin treatment, and upregulated when autophagy was blocked using 3-methyladenine and chloroquine. atg7 knockout mice and Atg7 small interfering RNA-treated cells exhibited elevated levels of phospho–NF-κB and intensified inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that Atg7 impacts inflammatory responses to hyperoxia. These findings demonstrate that OGG-1 negatively regulates inflammatory cytokine release by coordinating molecular interaction with the autophagic pathway in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Infiltrate Melanoma Lesions and Retain Function Independently of PD-1 Expression
Authors: Erkes Dan A. , Smith Corinne J. , Wilski Nicole A. , Caldeira-Dantas Sofia , Mohgbeli Toktam , Snyder Christopher M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It is well known that CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are correlated with positive prognoses in cancer patients and are used to determine the efficacy of immune therapies. Although it is generally assumed that CD8+ TILs will be tumor-associated Ag (TAA) specific, it is unknown whether CD8+ T cells with specificity for common pathogens also infiltrate tumors. If so, the presence of these T cells could alter the interpretation of prognostic and diagnostic TIL assays. We compared TAA-specific and virus-specific CD8+ T cells in the same tumors using murine CMV, a herpesvirus that causes a persistent/latent infection, and vaccinia virus, a poxvirus that is cleared by the host. Virus-specific CD8+ TILs migrated into cutaneous melanoma lesions during acute infection with either virus, after a cleared vaccinia virus infection, and during a persistent/latent murine CMV infection. Virus-specific TILs developed independently of viral Ag in the tumor and, interestingly, expressed low or intermediate levels of full-length PD-1 in the tumor environment. Importantly, PD-1 expression could be markedly induced by Ag but did not correlate with dysfunction for virus-specific TILs, in sharp contrast to TAA-specific TILs in the same tumors. These data suggest that CD8+ TILs can reflect an individual’s immune status, rather than exclusively representing TAA-specific T cells, and that PD-1 expression on CD8+ TILs is not always associated with repeated Ag encounter or dysfunction. Thus, functional virus-specific CD8+ TILs could skew the results of prognostic or diagnostic TIL assays.
The Bacterial Peptidoglycan-Sensing Molecules NOD1 and NOD2 Promote CD8+ Thymocyte Selection
Authors: Martinic Marianne M. , Caminschi Irina , O’Keeffe Meredith , Thinnes Therese C. , Grumont Raelene , Gerondakis Steve , McKay Dianne B. , Nemazee David , Gavin Amanda L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)–like receptors NOD1 and NOD2 are cytosolic innate immune receptors that recognize microbial peptidoglycans. Although studies have addressed the role of NOD proteins in innate immune responses, little attention has been given to their impact on the developing adaptive immune system. We have assessed the roles of NOD1 and NOD2 deficiency on T cell development in mice. Our results demonstrate that NOD1 and NOD2 promote the positive selection/maturation of CD8 single-positive thymocytes in a thymocyte-intrinsic manner. TCR-mediated ERK phosphorylation is significantly reduced in the absence of NOD proteins, but receptor-interacting protein 2 is not involved in CD8 single-positive thymocyte selection or ERK signaling. Commensal bacteria–free animals have thymocyte maturation defects, and exogenous NOD ligands can enhance thymocyte maturation in culture. These results raise the intriguing possibility that abnormal lymphocyte responses observed in NOD-dependent inflammatory diseases are not driven solely by microbial signals in the gut, but may also involve intrinsic lymphocyte defects resulting from impaired CD8 T cell thymic development.
Saint Clare of Assisi: “May You Go Forward Securely”
Authors: Molesky-Poz Jean 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This article asks how Saint Clare and the early San Damiano community in Assisi, 1212–53, might cast light on a cultural moment when our concerns of interreligious dialogue and collegiality are at risk and the urgent task of restoring the fragmented church is so great. At San Damiano, Saint Clare, with the Poor Ladies and Lesser Brothers, developed a relational spirituality of mutual respect and equality in which contemplation, service to one another, and reconciliation were at the core. As we look for pathways to ecclesial and interfaith dialogue and reconciliation, I draw parallels between the community of San Damiano and the Assisi gathering and offer three insights from Saint Clare’s life and writings to consider: cultivating mutual love and peace, the praxis of presence as a way to a transformed consciousness, and being “an example and a mirror.”
The Church: Towards a Common Vision. A View from the Asian Churches
Authors: Phan Peter C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The article examines the key ideas of the World Council of Churches’ document The Church: Towards a Common Vision and critiques them from the perspectives of Christian churches in Asia. While the document is an informative summary of Western ecclesiologies in the last two decades, it needs to be revised substantially to meet the challenges facing Asian Christianity.
Kant on the Power and Limits of Pathos: Toward a “Critique of Poetic Rhetoric”
Authors: Stoner Samuel 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This article gives an account of the nature and purpose of Kant's poetic rhetoric in Dreams of a Spirit-Seer Elucidated by Dreams of Metaphysics. I argue that Kant employs a poetic mode of rhetoric in order to provoke a passionate, enthusiastic response in his audience. I go on to show that Kant became increasingly skeptical of poetic rhetoric's pathetic power after publishing Dreams. Ultimately, I demonstrate that Kant's confrontation with the Sturm und Drang led him to formulate a moral critique of poetic rhetoric and its tendency to undermine its audience's rational autonomy. I conclude by highlighting the significance of this critique in and for the development of Kant's mature rhetorical theory.
The transition process of spina bifida patients to adult-centred care: An assessment of the Canadian urology landscape
Authors: Wajchendler Amy , Anderson Peter , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Due to medical advances over the past three decades, the vast majority of children with spina bifida (SB) now survive into adulthood. As a result, there is a need to implement a well-defined urological transition process for these patients from the pediatric to adult environment. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the current medical practices employed and the attitudes regarding transition by Canadian pediatric urologists caring for the SB population.Methods: A survey consisting of 14 questions pertaining to physician demographics, current practice, and attitudes towards the transition process of SB patients was distributed at the 2015 annual Pediatric Urologists of Canada (PUC) conference. The survey respondents remained anonymous, and the data were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 28 surveys were collected from urologists across Canada (25 full-time pediatric, three also providing adult care), representing a >75% response rate. The transition process wassuggested to begin at the age of 18 or older by 43% (12/28) of pediatric urologists. The majority, 86% (24/28), do not currently use a questionnaire or a checklist to determine transition readiness of patients. Forty-six percent (13/28) of pediatric urologists do not provide ongoing urological care to their patients after referral has been made to adult-centred care. In the province of Ontario, in which 39% (11/28) of the pediatric urologists practice, 82% (9/11) are full-time pediatric urologists and 78% (7/9) do not provide ongoing care to SB patients after the age of 18.Conclusions: A significant minority of Canadian pediatric urologists perceive that the transition process should begin at the age of 18 or older. As such, it can be inferred that transfer of care and transitionare synonymous, not independent. Simplistically, this suggests that transition represents an event rather than a longitudinal process. The fact there is no defined ongoing urological care as a component of this process, suggests the potential for substandard quality of care after these patients graduate to the adult sector. Different provincial healthcare systems and funding plans may further hinder this transition of care by denying provider continuity based on reimbursement plans.
Prepuce health and childhood circumcision: Choices in Canada
Authors: Abara Emmanuel O. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Worldwide, almost 100% of boys are born with penises with a “hood” called prepuce or foreskin. In the course of the boy’s life, the prepuce can be circumcised, can become affected by diseased (e.g., phimosis), or a can become infected and hurt the neonate (and his sexual partner) in adulthood. The objectives of this report are to: 1) review the state, function, fate, and care of the prepuce in childhood, with focus on the neonate, in Canada; 2) understand the current practice of childhood male circumcision in terms of age, indications, performers, techniques, outcomes, and education; and 3) consider ways to sustain a good healthcare professional-parental dialogue for safe practices that are accessible, acceptable, and culturally sensitive in the care of the prepuce.Methods: A literature review was carried out in the English language through the major databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection, LILAC, WHO/UNAIDS, Clinical Trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Google Scholar, and grey literature. Search words included: prepuce, diseases of prepuce, prepuce in the neonate, prepuce in the neonate in Canada, male circumcision, childhood male circumcision, neonatal circumcision, neonatal circumcisionin Canada, complications of neonatal circumcision in Canada, and circumcision adverse events.Results: From 1970‒1999, three of 10 Canadian newborn males were circumcised for religious, cultural, and medical reasons. The rest of the neonates, if alive, are living with their prepuce; <4% expected to require treatment for afflictions of the prepuce at some point. There are several providers of circumcision with different levels of training and competencies and using a diversity of devices and techniques. Neonatal and childhood circumcision in Canada is carried out to fulfill parental wishes, as well as for medical, religious, and cultural reasons. Appropriate informed consent and education regarding choices of care of the neonatal prepuce and genitals are vital.Conclusions: Going by current prevalent rate of circumcision in Canada, most Canadian newborn males are likely to live out their lives with an intact prepuce. Despite the age-old debate, childhoodcircumcision is likely to remain. There is need for careful and proper discussion of the potential risks and benefits, including alternatives, costs, and personal/psychological factors. Acceptance, access, andjudicious choices in a culturally sensitive environment will offer the Canadian neonate desirable care of the prepuce for life.
Model of Melting and Heat Transfer in Metals
Authors: Filippov E. S. 
Published: February 2017

Volumetric relationships under the thermal expansion of metals are analyzed. It is shown that the metals with the bcc structure possess a two-step structural change at the melting point: first, the transformation of the bcc structure to a fcc one takes place and then, liquid phase clusters with K = 12 are formed. The hexagonally packed (6 + 6) layered Cd and Zn change their structure from K=6 to K = 8 before melting. For the polymorphic transformations fcc (hcp) -- bcc, the value of thermal expansion was sufficient to change K = 12 for K = 8 long before the melting point. It is assumed that at high temperatures, thermal energy transfer is associated with the exchange fluctuations: higher electron density +K lambda and low electron density –K lambda over the coordinate of interatomic distances, wher lambda = h/mc and K is the number of nearest neighbors.
The Nature of Time
Authors: Self Sydney Baldwin 
Published: February 2017

I. Special relativity does not address the fact that time must exist on lifeless worlds. It only addresses time that is observed, which requires that observers be present.II. The time that exists on lifeless worlds can be termed physical time.III. The failure to recognize the existence of physical time has resulted in a view of time that is contrived, overly simplistic and contains irrational conclusions which are not experimentally supported.IV. On worlds where conscious life exists, both physical time and observed time exist. The characteristics of physical time and of observed time are very different.V. Physical time has the following attributes:a. Each physical event is associated with physical time.b. The attributes of absolute time, ‘now’ and time dilation are associated with every physical event.c. All physical events occur during ‘now’. d. A physical event results in a change to physical reality.e. The frame of reference associated with a physical event is universal.f. In order to be observed, a physical event must have an associated observed event.VI. Observed time has the following attributes.a. Every observed event is associated with observed time.b. An observed event can only occur as the result of a physical event.c. Multiple observations can be associated with a single physical event.d. The attribute of ‘now’ and a frame of reference are associated with every observed event.VII. The duration of physical ‘now’ is a Planck time which is also the unit of measure for absolute time and time dilation.VIII. Time dilation is computed using the Lorentz transformation.IX. The statement regarding time dilation “When two observers are in relative uniform motion and uninfluenced by any gravitational mass, the point of view of each will be that the other's (moving) clock is ticking at a slower rate than the local clock” is mathematically, experimentally and logically wrong.X. During physical ‘now’ a particle may move through space or it may move through time; which it does is a probability based on the speed of the particle expressed as a percentage of the speed of light.
A Classroom Approach to Illustrate Transformation and Bootstrap Confidence Interval Techniques Using the Poisson Distribution
Authors: Andersson Per Gösta 
Published: February 2017

The Poisson distribution is here used to illustrate transformation and bootstrap techniques in order to construct a confidence interval for a mean. A comparison is made between the derived intervals and the Wald and score confidence intervals. The discussion takes place in a classroom, where the teacher and the students have previously discussed and evaluated the Wald and score confidence intervals. While step by step interactively getting acquainted with new techniques, the students will learn about the effects of e.g. bias and asymmetry and ways of dealing with such phenomena. The primary purpose of this teacher-student communication is therefore not to find the best possible interval estimator for this particular case, but rather to provide a study displaying a teacher and her/his students interacting with each other in an efficient and rewarding way. The teacher has a strategy of encouraging the students to take initiatives. This is accomplished by providing the necessary background of the problem and some underlying theory after which the students are confronted with questions and problem solving. From this the learning process starts. The teacher has to be flexible according to how the students react. The students are supposed to have studied mathematical statistics for at least two semesters.
Taxonomy of the Myrmicine ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa R. , Akbar Shahid A. , Dhafer Hathal M. Al , Gharbawy Ali El- , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. 
Published: February 2017

The Arabian Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 fauna is revised for the first time. Three species are recognized from the region: Temnothorax arabicus Sharaf & Akbar sp. nov., T. liviae (Agosti & Collingwood, 2011) comb. nov. and T. megalops (Hamann & Klemm, 1967). Leptothorax saudiae Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 was placed in Temnothorax by Bolton (2003), but actually belongs to Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 and is herewithin recombined to Tetramorium saudiae (Collingwood & Agosti, 1996) comb. nov. Automontage images and comparative diagnoses of workers as well as notes on habitats and distribution of treated species are provided. A revised key to the Arabian species based on the worker caste is also presented.
Reward and Performance as a Key Element of Motivation
Authors: Kelmendi Muhamet 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The crisis and the dramatic unemployment have had an inevitable impact in salary policy and development of organizations. Therefore, considering that every organization is interested for their employees to be more motivated to work, thus, this was for this reason and relying on literature, papers and research to know to what extend the reward influences motivation of the employees. Initially, we shall also understand the notion salary and performance and how important are they in carrying out the work in one organization, and how they have evaluated by the management of the same organization. Afterwards, we shall show the way and the best methods on how to pay employees, how the manager must decide on the level of salaries of the employees, and must decide that salaries are not the same for each employee based on their performance, etc. The time has shown that the performance evaluation provides information that serves the basis for all other important activities of human resources management planning, selection, reward and motivation, continuously leading to the formation of employees. It is worth mentioning the fact that companies in general still has much work to do in connection with programs for compensation of employees, and this relying on the fact that many companies, particularly in the Balkan states where they continue to give salary different bonuses in envelopes, while reducing the transparency of payment and reward in these companies-organizations.
The Tendencies of Progressive Pedagogy and Its Development Up to the Secondary Ten Years of the XX Century
Authors: Sota Jani 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The beginning of the XX century was the time when the contradictions of the capitalism pass into imperialism and leaded to the World War Two. The imperialist relationships between states and the abnormal aggravation of the classes, divergences between bourgeoisie and proletariat extended the activity of bourgeoisie regarding the variety of culture. The fear for the existence of the bourgeoisie class and the desire for the preservation of the capitalist system were seen in the cultural attempts of the beginning of the XX century. In this period is seen the birth of the new pedagogy, which is recognised as the progressive pedagogy gaining role and importance in the capitalist world. The movement started first in the United States of America in the first hundred years of the XX century. The new ideas were first developed by some young teachers who tried to put these into practice. Step by step those ideas were supported by a wider scale of teachers or scholars. The pedagogic progressive movement was strengthened during the last twenty years of the XX century, reaching its peak with the foundation of the “Progressive Education Association”.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Photothermal and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy via Nanogolds and Photosensitizers
Authors: Jui-Teng Lin  
Published: February 2017

Factors influencing the cancer therapy efficiency in both photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using nanogold particles and photosensitizers, respectively, are analyzed. In PTT, heat diffusion kinetics is used to calculate the temperature increase resulted from the nanogold absorption of light energy, whereas photochemical kinetics is used to find the efficacy of PDT, or the generation rate of reactive oxygen species. The critical factors of the PTT/PDT synergistic efficacy include: the concentration of the initiator (nanogold or photosensitizers) in the treated medium, the wavelength and energy of the light applied to the medium. Optimal parameters are calculated for maximum PDT efficacy. In PTT, diode laser (at 810 nm) is used to heat nanogolds (rod-shape or core-shell). In PDT, photosensitizers of riboflavin, 5-ALA, methylene blue and indocyanine green may be used with the associate light at wavelength of (365, 430 nm), (530-670 nm) and (780-850 nm) respectively. Both single light or dual light in infrared or visible wavelength are proposed to activate the photosensitizers or nanogolds. Optimization is required for maximum synergistic efficacy.
Reconfigurable Computing
Authors: Boland David , Cheng Chung‐Kuan , Kahng Andrew B. , Leong Philip H.W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReconfigurable computing is the application of adaptable fabrics to address computational problems, often taking advantage of the flexibility of field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to produce problem‐specific solutions. It has been successfully applied to fields as diverse as machine learning, digital signal processing, cryptography, bioinformatics, logic emulation, CAD tool acceleration, scientific computing, and rapid prototyping.In this article, intended for the nonspecialist, we describe some of the basic concepts, tools, and architectures associated with reconfigurable computing.