bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosis in Epilepsy Patients
Authors: Agudo M. , Guillán M. , García M.G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychosis in patients with epilepsy was known in antiquity and was already described in detail in the nineteenth century.This kind of psychosis can be categorized in relations to seizures: preictal psychosis (before the seizures), during them (ictal) or after the seizures (postictal psychosis)AimsThrough several cases of patients that were treated in our department with the diagnosis of psychosis, previously or during the treatment diagnosed with epilepsy, we analyse the characteristics and diagnostic criteria of these pathologies.MethodsSystematic literature review in up-to-date and Pubmed, looking for reviews on psychosis and epilepsy, in international scientific journals of neurology and psychiatry.ConclusionsBeing able to recognize this several types of psychotic states associated with epilepsy has a clinic and prognosis utility, because made important differences in treatment and in the evolution of the illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychosis and Creativity. Genetic and Structural Relation Between Them
Authors: Alonso Sánchez A. , Red Gallego H. De la , Álvarez Astorga A. , Gómez García M. , De Uribe Viloria N. , Calzón M. De Lorenzo , Gómez Sánchez S. , Cepedello Pérez S. , Blanco Garrote J.A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMadness and creativity are thought to be related from ancient ages. Nowadays, thanks to new scientific developments and researches we are able to identify common genetic and brain patterns between creativity and psychosis.ObjectivesTaking the inspiration of a psychotic patient with some shocking drawings, we want to get deep into the actual knowledge about the relation between creativity and psychosis.MethodsCase report and bibliographic review.ResultsA 19-year-old man was brought to the hospital after having been found making strange rituals in the public way. In the anamnese he showed to have experienced mystic delusions and hallucinations. He made some particularly creative drawings.We made a review which showed that this patients may have a diminished latent inhibition, which could make them experiencing usual live irrelevant stimuli as something very exciting and creative at the same time. Genome wide association studies show also that people having creative jobs and psychotic patients share some genes, which could be linked to this abnormal latent inhibition.ConclusionsLatent inhibition abnormalities could be related with psychosis and creativity. There are differences within the course of people having this oversensibility, which could be explained due to the presence of protective and risk factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical and genetic predictors of the severity and activity of paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Barylnik Y. , Kolesnichenko E. , Abrosimova Y. , Pakhomova S. , Samoylova D. , Filippova N. , Bachilo E. , Antonova A. , Sizov S. , Ledvanova T. , Kuryshev V. 
Published: June 2017

Clinical symptoms, course and outcomes of paranoid schizophrenia are polymorphic. Reliable predictors of severity and activity of schizophrenic process could provide clinicians important prognostic information for adequate and timely implementation of therapeutic and rehabilitative measures. Overall, 206 patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined. Clinical predictors were collected from hospital records and interviews. BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265 G>A), DRD2 gene C939T polymorphism (rs6275C>T) and 5-HTR2A gene T102C polymorphism (rs6313 T>C) were studied as potential markers of prognosis for paranoid schizophrenia. Results of research testify that the DRD2 gene C939T polymorphism and 5-HTR2A gene T102C polymorphism cannot be used as predictors of the severity and activity of paranoid schizophrenia. The MetMet genotype of BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism can be used as marker of favorable prognosis for paranoid schizophrenia. Schizoid, epileptoid, psychasthenic and conformal accentuation of personality in the premorbid, early onset of psychosis, paranoid and hallucinatory-paranoid variants of onset predicted more expressed severity of paranoid schizophrenia. These prognostic factors can be taken into account in clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
QTc interval in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia receiving different defined daily dose (DDD) of antipsychotics
Authors: Christensen T. , Jeppesen R. Møller 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBoth 1st and 2nd generation of antipsychotics are associated with prolonged QTc interval. Prolonged QTc can lead to ventricular tachycardia and Torsade's de pointes, ultimatime resulting to cardiac arrest and sudden death. Prolonged QTc interval due to increased DDD has not yet been investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate whether increased DDD of antipsychotics, causes further prolonged QTc, by patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.AimsTo learn more about antipsychotics impact on the QTc interval in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.MethodsAn observational study of unselected patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Enrolled from January 2013 through March 2015 with follow-up until June 2015 in the region of central Denmark. Data was collected from ECG records and patient journals.ResultECGs were available in 58 patients. We observed no relation between increased DDD of antipsychotics and prolonged QTc. There were no differences in average QTc interval for the whole sample of patients receiving different DDD of antipsychotics.ConclusionWe do not recommend increased attention to patients treated with higher DDD of antipsychotics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Ziprasidone and pulmonary embolism, report of a case
Authors: Marin S. Garcia , Pedrosa N. Martínez , García I. De Haro , García M.D. Ortega 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral scientific studies support the relation between pulmonary embolism and antipsychotic treatment (acute or chronic). We present a case of possible association of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and ziprasidone.Personal antecedentsMan, 55-year-old, with mild hypertension. He has neither toxics habits nor allergies. He does exercise every day. He started with behavioral and perception disorders during 9 months before being diagnosed of paranoid schizophrenia in 2002. He began with risperidone 3 mg per day and amisulpride 25 mg per day as hypnotic. It allowed a good development and he keeps stable since then. The treatment produced sedation and weight increase, so it was changed to ziprasidone 60 mg per day and later 40 mg per day. A few months ago, he was hospitalized with breathelessness that started suddenly two days before. After all diagnostic tests, he was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and right leg VTE. His medical development was very positive and he must begin with acenocumarol (doses–depend) and support stockings.ConclusionAs we know, since last 10 years, antipsychotic exposure significantly increases the risk of pulmonary embolism. Due to the lack of risk related factor in this case, it would point that reason. The increase related is about 50% of developing VTE and this increased risk similarly applies to first and second generation antipsychotics drugs. Despite that, there are more cases in olanzapine, clozapine and haloperidol treatments due to antiaggregatory action and antithrombotic effects. We present this case probably closely related with ziprasidone.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Heterogeneous effectiveness patterns of amisulpride in chinese patients with schizophrenia: A cluster analysis of ESCAPE study
Authors: Liang Y. , Yu X. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRare research was reported about assessing the effectiveness and safety of amisulpride in Chinese patients with schizophrenia before we performed the ESCAPE, a multicenter, single-arm, phase IV study (NCT01795183). This study is a cluster analysis of ESCAPE study.ObjectiveTo identify the effectiveness patterns of amisulpride in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.AimTo examine baseline characteristics of patients as potential predictors of effectiveness.MethodsTime-series cluster analysis was performed to identify effectiveness trajectories bases on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores in Chinese patients with schizophrenia received amisulpride for 8 weeks. Baseline characteristics of patients were examined.ResultsOverall, 295 patients were included for efficacy analysis. Four response trajectories based on positive PANSS were identified (Figure 1): (1) rapid response (cluster 1); (2) gradual response (cluster 2); (3) sustained low level (cluster 3); (4) poor response (cluster 4). Age in cluster 4 was significantly higher than that in cluster 1 and cluster 3 (Table 1, P = 0.0025 and 0.0032, respectively). Similarly, four response trajectories based on negative PANSS were generated (Figure 2): (1) rapid response (cluster 1); (2) gradual response (cluster 2); (3) poor response with moderate PANSS (cluster 3); (4) poor response with high PANSS (cluster 4). Male to female ratio in cluster 1 was significantly lower than that in cluster 2 and cluster 3 (Table 2, P = 0.0042 and 0.0208, respectively).ConclusionFor the first time, we obtained effectiveness patterns of amisulpride-treated Chinese patients. Age and gender may be predictors of effectiveness.Disclosure of interestThis study is being funded by Sanofi (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
Community based mental health care as an example of good outcomes for young persons with episode of acute and transient psychotic disorders – Case study
Authors: Racetovic G. , Popovic S. , Rosic B. , Grujic-Timarac S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe prevalence of acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) varies from 3.9–9.6 per 100,000 population [1]. Even it has clinical course with psychosis, there is no evidence that ATPD is similar with schizophrenia [2].ObjectivesSince in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) are not established specialized services for early interventions (EI), community mental health centers (CMHC) are basic services for fast and most efficient interventions in the cases of ATPD among other psychiatric disorders. The mental health reform has planned to establish EI services in the future [3].Aims and methodTo show CMHC as efficient service in the treatment of ATPD without using hospitalisation of young woman with two years follow up (case study)ResultsFull recovery of young female with ATPD using team approach and model of case management. After follow up of two years was any indications that psychotic disorders will develop.ConclusionsEven we have not EI specialized services in our country, CMHC have capacities to manage ATDP in community settings avoiding hospitalisation of young people.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparison of hospitalization rates in schizophrenic patients on first generation versus second generation antipsychotic depots
Authors: Rasool S. , Roy B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is limited data on the efficacy rates between first and second generation antipsychotic depots. One good indicator of efficacy is the rates of hospitalization. Some studies have shown that second generation depot antipsychotics significantly reduce hospitalizations rates as compared to conventional depots.ObjectivesComparison of hospitalization rates for patients with schizophrenia on first and second generation antipsychotic depots.MethodsA retrospective observational study was done by reviewing the records of an antipsychotic depot clinic in Essex, United Kingdom. A list of 47 patients enrolled and receiving depot antipsychotics was obtained. Their records were studied and hospital admission rates calculated.ResultsOf the 47 patients 11 were excluded as they were on depot antipsychotics for non-schizophrenic diagnoses.Of the 36 patients with schizophrenia, 12 were on second generation and 24 were on first generation depots.Amongst the 24 patients on first generation depots, 19 were male, 5 female and mean age was 52 years.Of the 12 patients on second generation depots, 10 were male and 2 female and mean age was 46 years.When comparing hospital admission rates between the 2 groups, the following data was noted (Table 1).ConclusionsThere is no difference in hospitalization rates between patients on first generation antipsychotic depots as compared to second generation antipsychotic depots.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Staging & profiling in addiction, can we cross the gap from bench to bedside?
Authors: Schellekens A. 
Published: June 2017

Addictive behaviours are highly common (prevalence worldwide about 10%), with major impact on the individual and society (contributing to 5% of overall DALYs and mortality) [1,2]. Though a number of evidence-based treatments are available, relapse rates remain high, up to 50% within one year of treatment [3,4]. Staging of addictive behaviors might contribute to improve this prognosis by indicating which patient could benefit most from which treatment modality.In DSM-5 clinical staging of addictive disorders is limited to grading the severity of the disorder, based on criterion counts [5]. However, addictive disorders are highly heterogeneous, with distinct clinical profiles and neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder. Reward-processing deficits are considered a hallmark of addiction. Several additional neurobiological deficits have been identified in addicted individuals, such as dysfunction of brain stress systems, anterior cingulate cortex and habenula.These neurobiological deficits may identify clinical subgroups of patients with distinct pathophysiology (profiling), or be related to progression of the disorder (staging). This presentation will focus on clinical staging and profiling of addictive behaviors combining neurobiological findings and clinical practice [6].Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Characteristics of pre-morbid functioning in male adolescents who later suffered from psychotic disorders: Case-controlled study
Authors: Rubinstein K. , Bhuknik-Atzil O. , Tuval-Maschiach R. , Fruchter E. , Weiser M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that people with psychotic disorders have impaired functioning prior to the onset of the illness. The main goal of the proposed study was to deepen understanding of the characteristics of pre-morbid impairment in persons later diagnosed with psychotic disorders.MethodsWe examined unique pre-morbid data from IDF archives, including narrative summaries of pre-induction interviews of 17-year old adolescents (168 male adolescents who were later hospitalized for psychotic disorders, and 168 matched control subjects). The data were analyzed using mixed-method analysis, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods.ResultsBetween group comparisons revealed more adaptation difficulties, family problems and dealing with medical conditions in the group of future psychotic disorder patients, while suicidal thoughts and loss of a close person showed trends towards significance. Two factors characterized classification of outcome: adaptation difficulties and family problems. A “high-functioning” factor was significantly higher within the control group, while a “strange” factor was higher among the future psychosis patients. A “high-functioning” factor was identified as a protective factor.DiscussionThis study used narrative analysis of interview summaries of adolescents who underwent pre-induction assessments. The current study replicated previously published findings that were obtained as a result of retrospective investigations and comparing numeric scores, using unique pre-morbid data and in-depth qualitative analyses, combined with a quantitative one. The main strengths of the current study are the fact that the subjects were interviewed before the onset of psychosis, as well as the fact that the analyses of the data were performed blinded to outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychotic disorder of organic etiology, in the context of sarcoidosis. A case report
Authors: Sánchez Blanco L. , Juncal Ruíz M. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Gómez Revuelta M. , Landera Rodríguez R. , Porta Olivares O. , López García E. , Pérez Herrera M. , Núñez Morales N.I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNeurosarcoidosis is an uncommon cause of psychosis. It courses with an affectation of the brain, the spinal cord and other areas of the nervous system. It associates both neurological and psychiatric symptoms: cranial mononeuropathy, myelopathy or radiculopathy meningitis, neuroendocrine dysfunction, dementia, delusions, hallucinations.ObjectivesTo review in Pub-Med about neuropychiatric manifestarions of neurosarcoidosis.MethodsWe describe the case of 60-year-old woman diagnosed with long evolution schizoaffective disorder with a recent decompensation in the context of a stressful situation. As somatic background to highlight: cognitive impairment (encephalic bilateral and symmetrical frontal atrophy in cranial magnetic resonance) and a probable sarcoidosis with hilia and mediastinal lymph nodes without histologic confirmation. She was hospitalized at the acute care unit because of a descompensation of her schizoaffective disorder. The patient was distressed, with delirious speech, sensoperceptive hallucinations, hypothymia and weigth loss.ResultsFirstly we evaluate the lack of clinical improvement with an anti-psychotic drug in previous hospitalizations. For that reason, we thought in organic mental disorder as an alternative diagnosis. We started treatment with corticosteroids in spite of we did not observe a decompensation of sarcoidosis. In a few days it was remarked a clinical improvement and remission of the delusional and affective clinic.ConclusionsIt is needed to complete the study and continue the monitoring of the patient to see the evolution and drug response. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis should be kept in mind for patients with both neurologic and psychiatric symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Moment-to-moment associations between emotional disturbances, aberrant salience and persecutory delusions
Authors: So S.H. , Chau A.K.C. , Peters E. , Swendsen J. , Garety P. , Kapur S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionExperiences of depression and anxiety are common among patients with persecutory delusions. It has been theorized that emotional disturbances affect the formation and appraisal of persecutory delusions directly and possibly via increasing the sense of aberrant salience.ObjectivesUsing a time-lagged analysis of experience sampling data, this study modelled the role of momentary levels of negative emotions and aberrant salience in maintaining persecutory delusions in patients with active delusions.MethodsClinically acute participants with at least a mild level of persecutory delusions were assessed using experience sampling method (ESM; 7 entries per day for 14 days) and clinical rating scales. ESM data of participants who completed at least 30 ESM entries were analysed by using multilevel regression modelling.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 14 participants, with a total of 1161 momentary observations. Time-lagged analysis revealed that both negative emotions (B = 0.125, P = .009) and aberrant salience (B = 0.267, P< .001) predicted an increase in persecutory delusions in the next moment. Conversely, persecutory delusions did not predict change in negative emotions or change in aberrant salience in the next moment (ps> .05). Negative emotions also predicted an increase in aberrant salience in the next moment (B = 0.087, P = .009).ConclusionsOur results supported the hypothesis that both negative emotions and aberrant salience exacerbate persecutory delusions, rather than being merely the sequelae of the symptoms. Our results suggested both direct and indirect (via aberrant salience) pathways from negative emotions to persecutory delusions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differential diagnosis and therapy of cycloid psychoses: A case report
Authors: Uminska-Albert A.M. , Eikmeier G. 
Published: June 2017

Kraepelin already challenged his dichotomy of psychoses, because in clinical practice too many cases were not in line with his pattern. Different terms for these disorders were coined. Leonhard separated cycloid psychoses from other forms of endogenous psychoses. The idealized subtypes (anxiety-beatific, hyperkinetic-akinetic-motility and confusional exited-inhibited) are characterized by a bipolar course with complete recovery. Operationalised criteria were developed by Perris. We report on a 60 year old woman diagnosed as schizophrenic in 1984/1985 and 2006. In August 2015 she was admitted with stupor and mutism and therefore was treated with fluphenazine and lorazepame. Six days later the clinical picture changed, she became confused and very agitated. After change of treatment to benperidole her clinical condition improved within 12 days. After 3 further days she became confused, agitated and euphoric again. The symptoms persisted in spite of a change of treatment to haloperidole. After diagnostic revision therapy was augmented with lithiumcarbonate. Six days later the psychotic symptoms began to improve and were completely remitted after 10 further days. The case report points out that a differential-diagnostic revision of an apparently therapy-resistant schizophrenia should not only be carried out according to ICD 10 criteria but a cycloid psychosis should be taken into account, too. Perris-criteria are contrasted with ICD 10-criteria for schizophrenia and mania with psychotic symptoms. Symptomatology and clinical course in our patient fulfilled exactly the Perris-criteria. We recommend an augmentation trial with lithium in acute phases of cycloid psychoses by all means before ECT.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.