bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep‐disordered breathing and cognitive functioning in preschool children with and without Down syndrome
Authors: Joyce A. , Dimitriou D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSleep affects children's cognitive development, preparedness for school and future academic outcomes. People with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly at risk for sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). To our knowledge, the association between SDB and cognition in preschoolers with DS is unknown.MethodsWe assessed sleep by using cardiorespiratory polygraphy in 22 typically developing (TD) preschoolers and 22 with DS. Cognition was assessed by using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and behaviour by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) measured language level. We predicted that sleep problems would be associated with lower cognitive and behavioural functioning.ResultsIn TD children, longer sleep duration was associated with higher scores on MCDI expressive language and fewer emotional symptoms such as fear and unhappiness on the SDQ, whilst SDB was associated with increased conduct problems and less prosocial behaviour on the SDQ. Conversely, for children with DS, SDB was associated with increased language understanding and use of actions and gestures on the MCDI.ConclusionsThe findings in the TD group support our hypotheses. We recommend that sleep problems are screened for and treated as even mild SDB may prompt poorer cognition and behaviour. For children with DS, we expect that multiple factors in this complex syndrome mask or mediate the association between sleep and cognitive development and tighter controls are necessary to uncover effects of sleep. We propose longitudinal studies as a necessary tool to assess the precise impact of sleep on cognitive development in accounting for individual differences in DS.
“We are all Garimpeiros:” Settlement and Movement in Communities of the Tapajós Small‐Scale Gold Mining Reserve
Authors: Kolen Judith , de Smet Eline , de Theije Marjo 
Published: June 2017

ResumenEste artigo aborda o papel da mineração de ouro em pequena escala na urbanização da Amazônia brasileira, enfocando os processos locais em dois assentamentos de mineração na Província Aurífera Tapajós. Nossa análise revela três tendências na mudança de mobilidade para permanência. Em primeiro lugar, evidencia‐se que, ao longo dos anos, os assentamentos de mineração irregulares cresceram em aldeias formalizadas. Mobilidade e permanências temporais, características tradicionais de mineração de ouro em pequena escala, gradualmente, dá lugar a estadias mais longas em assentamentos de mineração. Fatores cruciais, identidificados nesse processo, são a presença de representação do governo e de infra‐estrutura material. Em segundo lugar, essa transição de assentamentos de forma irregular e provisória para uma condição mais estável e formalizado não é um processo unilateral. Este processo está tomando forma através da sinergia das iniciativas locais e informais e um governo local e federal, entendido nesta pesquisa no sentido passivo‐ reativo. Em terceiro lugar, a permanência é em grande medida construída com a manutenção de uma “comunidade garimpeira” através de ligações com centros urbanos regionais.
Silent uterine rupture occluded by intestinal adhesions following laparoscopic myomectomy: A case report
Authors: Fukutani Riho , Hasegawa Junichi , Arakaki Tatsuya , Oba Tomohiro , Nakamura Masamitsu , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a rare asymptomatic case in which intestinal adhesions covered and occluded a site of uterine rupture, which was found during cesarean section. The patient had undergone laparoscopic myomectomy 5 years previously. However, detailed antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed no uterine or placental abnormalities. It is thought that uterine rupture was not detected due to intestinal adhesions, which had occurred following the previous surgery. The present case suggests that women who conceive after laparoscopic myomectomy may be at risk of silent uterine rupture. However, detection of the silent uterine rupture during pregnancy may be limited, even with detailed imaging.
Clinical characteristics and salvage management of persistent cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Ying Xue , Zheng Wei , Zhao Li , Zhou Mi , Chen Zhengyun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe study was conducted to illustrate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with persistent cesarean scar pregnancy (PCSP).MethodsDuring a six‐year period, 38 cases of PCSP were diagnosed and treated conservatively to preserve fertility. The clinical presentations, imaging findings and treatment outcomes of these patients were reviewed.ResultsFourteen out of 38 women (37%) presenting with PCSP suffered heavy vaginal bleeding. Gestational age at diagnosis was 73.1 ± 21.7 days. The maximum diameter of the PCSP mass was 3.6 ± 1.6 cm. The presence of a rich vascular pattern in the area of the PCSP mass was detected by ultrasound in 33/38 (87%) patients. Six patients with a PCSP gestational age of 64.2 ± 6.2 days and a mass diameter of 2.5 ± 0.6 cm were successfully treated with medical treatment alone and 32 patients with a gestational age of 74.8 ± 23.1 days and a mass diameter of 3.8 ± 1.6 cm were successfully treated with surgical or combined treatment.ConclusionsPatients with PCSP are diagnosed at advanced gestational age and are more prone to heavy bleeding. Surgery is the main treatment for PCSP. Medical treatment of PCSP has become an attractive alternative, especially for hemodynamically stable patients with a PCSP mass with a maximum diameter of < 3.5 cm.
Symptom experience in non‐dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Pugh‐Clarke Karen , Read Sue Cheryl , Sim Julius 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundStudies indicate that symptoms attributable to impaired kidney function are important determinants of quality of life and functional status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accordingly, symptom assessment and subsequent control are prerequisites of high‐quality care in this patient population. Whilst symptom burden in patients with advanced CKD managed without dialysis has been likened to that of palliative care cancer populations, there is little information about the nature and range of symptoms in earlier stages of the CKD trajectory. This paper reports the findings of the preliminary phase of a study aimed at exploring the symptom experience in patients with CKD stages 4 and 5.MethodsEighteen semi‐structured patient interviews were conducted, using an interview schedule developed specifically to guide discussion. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify symptom categories and thematic patterns across the patient experiences.ResultsPatients reported a wide range of symptoms, with over 50 different categories and sub‐categories emerging from the interview data. Symptom categories could be broadly classified into physical symptoms, such as ‘Altered taste perception’, ‘Sleep disturbance’ and ‘Fatigue’, and psychological symptoms, such as ‘Forgetfulness’, ‘Poor concentration’ and ‘A sensation of gradually slowing down’. Of note, when questioned further, patients indicated that they would not usually report their symptoms to clinicians.ConclusionsThis study suggests that patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 may have a high symptom burden. The finding that patients did not routinely report their symptoms emphasises a need for clinicians to incorporate symptom assessment into routine clinical consultations.
Distinctive in vitro signal transduction profile of NLX-112, a potent and efficacious serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist
Authors: Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Martel Jean-Claude , Cosi Cristina , Heusler Peter , Lestienne Fabrice , Varney Mark A , Cussac Didier 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objectives
NLX-112 (befiradol, F13640) is a selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Although it has been tested in vivo, little has been reported on its in vitro signal transduction profile.

Methods
NLX-112 was tested on G-protein activation, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK) and receptor internalization in recombinant cell lines. NLX-112 was also tested on G-protein activation in rat hippocampal membranes. Gα subunit mRNA expression in cell lines and rat brain tissue was quantified by quantitative PCR.

Key findings
For all signalling measures, NLX-112 exhibited agonist efficacy greater than for reference compounds ((±)8-OH-DPAT or buspirone), but similar to the endogenous agonist, serotonin, and was more potent for pERK than other responses. In rat hippocampal membranes, NLX-112 stimulated ‘total G-proteins' but, unlike (±)8-OH-DPAT and buspirone, was more potent for Gαo activation. Cell lines predominantly expressed Gαi1 and Gαi2 mRNA, with low levels of Gαo, whereas in rat brain Gαo subunits showed highest mRNA expression.

Conclusions
Unlike reference compounds, NLX-112 was a highly efficacious agonist in vitro, preferentially activating pERK in cell lines and Gαo proteins in rat hippocampal membranes. However, Gα subunit mRNA levels differ markedly between rat brain and cell lines, warranting caution when extrapolating from recombinant systems to native tissues.
Effect of increasing taurine and methionine supplementation on urinary taurine excretion in a model insectivore, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Authors: Nofs S. A. , Dierenfeld E. S. , Backus R. C. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe giant anteater (Mymercophaga tridactyla) is a highly specialized insectivore for which nutrient requirements are not clearly established, making diet formulation challenging for this species. Multiple clinical reports suggest anteaters have an obligate dietary taurine (TAU) requirement. Sulphur amino acid (SAA) metabolism in adult anteaters was evaluated using noninvasive methods to measure TAU synthesis potential from dietary methionine (MET) and a basal diet containing on a dry matter (DM) basis 1.7 mg TAU/kg DM and 6.9 g MET/kg DM. Urinary equilibrium times for TAU excretion were determined by feeding the basal diet with or without 1.5 g/kg DM supplemental TAU (crossover design; n = 4). Effects of supplemental dietary TAU (1.7, 2.0, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3 g/kg DM) or MET (6.9, 9.0, 11.2 g/kg DM) on urinary TAU were evaluated (randomized block trials; n = 5 or 4 respectively). All urinary values (TAU, MET, unbound inorganic sulphate) were normalized to creatinine (CRT). Results indicate urinary TAU equilibrium in anteaters requires at least 2 weeks of feeding. Urinary ratio of TAU to CRT (TAU:CRT) increased as dietary TAU content increased from 1.7 to 3.0 g/kg DM, consistent with renal homoeostatic modulation of TAU excretion. Our data indicate that TAU needs were met by TAU in the basal diet or by de novo synthesis. Supplemental MET resulted in ~five‐ to eightfold increases in urinary TAU:CRT excretion, further supporting existence of mechanisms for TAU synthesis from dietary SAA in anteaters. Adult anteaters appear able to synthesize TAU when diets contain adequate SAA, but dietary TAU may be critical if protein intakes are low or of poor quality. This study may provide guidance on choice of domestic canids vs. felids as suitable physiologic models for improved nutrition in giant anteaters, and also outlines a noninvasive method for assessing TAU status/metabolism that may be useful across species.
Breed, Coat Color, and Hair Length as Risk Factors for Hyperthyroidism in Cats
Authors: Crossley V.J. , Debnath A. , Chang Y.M. , Fowkes R.C. , Elliott J. , Syme H.M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundHyperthyroidism is very common in older cats, but the etiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Decreased risk of hyperthyroidism has been reported in certain colorpoint breeds, and this observation previously has been hypothesized to result from relatively greater tyrosine availability for thyroid hormone production because of limited ability to convert tyrosine to melanin pigment. However, studies investigating a potential link between coat pigmentation and risk of hyperthyroidism are limited.ObjectiveTo identify associations between coat phenotype and hyperthyroidism by investigation of breed, coat color, and hair length as risk factors for the disease.AnimalsData were used from 4,705 cats aged ≥10 years, referred to a single veterinary teaching hospital (2006–2014) in the United Kingdom.MethodsRetrospective, epidemiological, cross‐sectional study using Bayesian multivariable logistic regression to assess risk factors for hyperthyroidism.ResultsBurmese (odds ratio [OR], 0.01; 0.00–0.23; P = .004), Tonkinese (OR, 0.05; 0.00–0.95; P = .046), Persian (OR, 0.21; 0.10–0.44; P < .001), Siamese (OR, 0.27; 0.12–0.61; P = .002), Abyssinian (OR, 0.04; 0.00–0.74; P = .031), and British shorthair (OR, 0.47; 0.28–0.79; P = .004) breeds had decreased risk of hyperthyroidism compared to domestic shorthairs. Longhaired, nonpurebred cats (OR, 1.30; 1.03–1.64; P = .028) were at increased risk of hyperthyroidism. Coat color/pattern was not associated with hyperthyroidism in nonpurebred cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe identified decreased risk of hyperthyroidism in the Tonkinese, Abyssinian, and British shorthair breeds, identified an association between risk of hyperthyroidism and hair length, and confirmed decreased risk in Burmese, Siamese, and Persian breeds. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate these findings.
Genome‐wide analysis of allele frequency change in sunflower crop–wild hybrid populations evolving under natural conditions
Authors: Corbi Jonathan , Baack Eric J. , Dechaine Jennifer M. , Seiler Gerald , Burke John M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCrop‐wild hybridization occurs in numerous plant species and could alter the genetic structure and evolutionary dynamics of wild populations. Studying crop‐derived alleles in wild populations is also relevant to assessing/mitigating the risks associated with transgene escape. To date, crop‐wild hybridization has generally been examined via short‐term studies, typically within a single generation, focusing on few traits or genetic markers. Little is known about patterns of selection on crop‐derived alleles over multiple generations, particularly at a genome‐wide scale. Here, we documented patterns of natural selection in an experimental crop × wild sunflower population that was allowed to evolve under natural conditions for two generations at two locations. Allele frequencies at a genome‐wide collection of SNPs were tracked across generations, and a common garden experiment was conducted to compare trait means between generations. These data allowed us to identify instances of selection on crop‐derived alleles/traits and, in concert with QTL mapping results, test for congruence between our genotypic and phenotypic results. We found that natural selection overwhelmingly favours wild alleles and phenotypes. However, crop alleles in certain genomic regions can be favoured, and these changes often occurred in parallel across locations. We did not, however, consistently observe close agreement between our genotypic and phenotypic results. For example, when a trait evolved towards the wild phenotype, wild QTL alleles associated with that trait did not consistently increase in frequency. We discuss these results in the context of crop allele introgression into wild populations and implications for the management of GM crops.
Investigating the genomic basis of discrete phenotypes using a Pool‐Seq‐only approach: New insights into the genetics underlying colour variation in diverse taxa
Authors: Neethiraj Ramprasad , Hornett Emily A. , Hill Jason A. , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile large‐scale genomic approaches are increasingly revealing the genetic basis of polymorphic phenotypes such as colour morphs, such approaches are almost exclusively conducted in species with high‐quality genomes and annotations. Here, we use Pool‐Seq data for both genome assembly and SNP frequency estimation, followed by scanning for FST outliers to identify divergent genomic regions. Using paired‐end, short‐read sequencing data from two groups of individuals expressing divergent phenotypes, we generate a de novo rough‐draft genome, identify SNPs and calculate genomewide FST differences between phenotypic groups. As genomes generated by Pool‐Seq data are highly fragmented, we also present an approach for super‐scaffolding contigs using existing protein‐coding data sets. Using this approach, we reanalysed genomic data from two recent studies of birds and butterflies investigating colour pattern variation and replicated their core findings, demonstrating the accuracy and power of a Pool‐Seq‐only approach. Additionally, we discovered new regions of high divergence and new annotations that together suggest novel parallels between birds and butterflies in the origins of their colour pattern variation.
A new player in bacterial sulfide‐inducible transcriptional regulation
Authors: Giedroc David P. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAlthough hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is perhaps best known as a toxic gas, the electron‐rich H2S functions as an energy source and electron donor for chemolithotrophic and photosynthetic bacteria, via sulfide oxidation, and is a universal substrate for cysteine biosynthesis. These distinct harmful and beneficial roles of H2S suggest the need to ‘sense’ prevailing concentrations of sulfide and downstream reactive sulfur species (RSS) and regulate the expression of genes mediating sulfide homeostasis. The paper by Li et al. in this issue of Molecular Microbiology adds Cupriavidus FisR to an expanding repertoire of regulatory mechanisms that bacteria have evolved to sense cellular RSS and mitigate their deleterious effects.
A conserved coiled‐coil protein pair focuses the cytokinetic Z‐ring in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Woldemeskel Selamawit Abi , McQuillen Ryan , Hessel Alex M. , Xiao Jie , Goley Erin D. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe cytoskeletal GTPase FtsZ assembles at midcell, recruits the division machinery and directs envelope invagination for bacterial cytokinesis. ZapA, a conserved FtsZ‐binding protein, promotes Z‐ring stability and efficient division through a mechanism that is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the function of ZapA in Caulobacter crescentus. We found that ZapA is encoded in an operon with a small coiled‐coil protein we named ZauP. ZapA and ZauP co‐localized at the division site and were each required for efficient division. ZapA interacted directly with both FtsZ and ZauP. Neither ZapA nor ZauP influenced FtsZ dynamics or bundling, in vitro, however. Z‐rings were diffuse in cells lacking zapA or zauP and, conversely, FtsZ was enriched at midcell in cells overproducing ZapA and ZauP. Additionally, FtsZ persisted at the poles longer when ZapA and ZauP were overproduced, and frequently colocalized with MipZ, a negative regulator of FtsZ polymerization. We propose that ZapA and ZauP promote efficient cytokinesis by stabilizing the midcell Z‐ring through a bundling‐independent mechanism. The zauPzapA operon is present in diverse Gram‐negative bacteria, indicating a common mechanism for Z‐ring assembly.
Becoming (more) Dutch as medical recommendations: how understandings of national identity enter the medical practice of hymenoplasty consultations
Authors: Ayuandini Sherria , Duyvendak Jan Willem 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article looks at how Dutch national identity enters the practical setting of a medical consultation. Extending the growing scholarships of everyday nationalism and engaging with the notion of multivocalism, this article shows how Dutchness is understood in the form of desirable personal characteristics. These characteristics are promoted by physicians to patients of migrant ancestry looking for a surgery called hymenoplasty. This article presents unique scholarly observations of a case where a particular understanding of national identity is recommended as part of medical advice. Furthermore, by closely examining exchanges between doctors and patients, this article argues that Dutchness is in a state of flux where a person of migrant ancestry can simultaneously be seen by others as Dutch and non‐Dutch.
Pain management in home hospice patients: A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Campbell Cathy L. , Kelly Meghan , Rovnyak Virginia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe development and evaluation of evidence‐based, safe, and effective home‐based pain management models for caregivers implementation is receiving greater attention in the literature because of international initiatives intended to increase the number of people who receive end‐of‐life care in home‐based settings. The purpose of this “retrospective descriptive design” study was to describe pharmacological pain management and outcomes for 40 cancer and non‐cancer patients receiving hospice care at home. While the median pain score was higher at admission in the cancer group than in the hospice care at home group, the difference was not significant at or within 48 hour of admission. Overall, there was a significant decrease in pain from the first measurement to the second. Within the last seven days of life, the majority of participants were not able to provide a pain severity score when asked to evaluate the effectiveness of pain management, thus their caregiver provided a proxy evaluation. Pain management was effective in the home setting. More research is needed on the best methods to teach lay caregivers to assess pain and evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological modalities to manage pain.
Effect of attention bias modification on brain function and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A preliminary electroencephalogram and psycho‐behavioral study
Authors: Tayama J. , Saigo T. , Ogawa S. , Takeoka A. , Hamaguchi T. , Hayashida M. , Fukudo S. , Shirabe S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show a reciprocal relationship with anxiety. In this intervention‐based study, we investigated the utility of attention bias modification (ABM) therapy in patients with IBS. We hypothesized that IBS‐related electroencephalographic abnormalities would be normalized after ABM therapy.MethodsSeventeen patients with IBS and 13 healthy subjects completed five ABM intervention sessions over a 2‐month period. Each session included 128 ABM trials, resulting in a total of 640 trials across the intervention period. For each trial, subjects viewed a pair of facial expression images and were instructed to indicate the position of the neutral face as quickly and accurately as possible by pressing one of two buttons on a button box. Electroencephalography data (alpha and beta power percentages) were collected during the 1st and 5th sessions.Key ResultsGeneralized estimating equations of relative alpha power revealed a significant effect of period was identified at O2 (P=.036). Paired t tests revealed that ABM significantly increased relative alpha power at O2 in patients with IBS. Generalized estimating equation of relative beta power revealed a significant effect of the group × period interaction was identified at Pz (P=.035). Paired t tests revealed that ABM significantly decreased relative beta power at Pz in patients with IBS.Conclusions & InferencesAttention bias modification may normalize brain function related to attention and anxiety in patients with IBS.