bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equid prey acquisition and ArchaicHomoadaptability at the early Late Pleistocene site of Xujiayao, China
Authors: Li J. S. , Bunn H. T. , Zhang S. Q. , Gao X. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBesides active hunting by hominins, there are two methods of scavenging that can provide primary access to intact ungulate carcasses: first‐access scavenging from nonpredator‐related accidents and early‐access aggressive scavenging from carnivore kills. Patterns in mortality profiles of prey animals at archaeological sites provide evidence of prey acquisition strategies, which is an important factor in reconstructing hominin adaptability. The Xujiayao site is an early Late Pleistocene site in the Nihewan Basin, China. Its faunal assemblage is dominated byEquus przewalskiiandEquus hemionus. Evidence from previous taphonomic analysis has implied that ArchaicHomowas the dominant taphonomic agent in the accumulation of the animal remains. This research applies mortality profile analysis to determine a follow‐up question: how were the equid carcasses acquired? The results of this study indicate that ArchaicHomoat Xujiayao probably used both active hunting and scavenging to acquire equids in the early period (lower cultural layer) but mainly used active hunting in the later period (upper cultural layer) due to the fact that the climate changed to much colder conditions in the later period. This research provides new information on the subsistence adaptations of ArchaicHomoin northern latitudinal climates of China in the early Late Pleistocene.
The moderating role of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy on smoking craving: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Yuan Ming , Guo Xucheng , Li Xi , Chen Xijing , Wang Chunguang , Li Yonghui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEmotion is presumed as a major reason for smoking, but this hypothesis needs support from data with high ecological validity. Regulatory emotional self‐efficacy (RESE) is key for emotion regulation, therefore RESE is likely to moderate the relationship between emotional states and smoking. The present study used the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to record the levels of pleasure, arousal, and smoking craving in 33 male current smokers' daily lives, and examined the moderating effect of RESE in the prediction relationship between emotion and craving. The results showed that either end of the pleasure dimension, namely the high positive or high negative affect, predicted higher smoking craving. A similar pattern was also discovered in the arousal dimension, in which either of the activation and deactivation ends predicted higher smoking craving. Moreover, the prediction of negative affect on smoking craving was weakened by higher RESE, especially by the higher self‐efficacy in managing negative emotions. In conclusion, smoking craving is closely related with immediate emotional states, and RESE reveals promising value in the reduction of smoking behavior. We discuss the possibility of expanding the RESE frame.
The 2D axial transverse views of the fetal face: A new technique to visualize the fetal hard palate; methodology description and feasibility
Authors: Fuchs Florent , Grosjean Fréderic , Captier Guillaume , Faure Jean‐Michel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe the methodology and to assess the feasibility of a simple 2D ultrasound technique to visualize the fetal hard palate (FHP) using a strict axial transverse view (ATV).MethodsProspective cohort of 100 singleton pregnancies, screened routinely during second trimester scans. Three operators imaged the FHP through a strict 2D ATV according to a simple methodology. An expert sonographer reviewed all images, and palate normality was confirmed at birth. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors modifying the ability to assess the palate were performed.ResultsFeasibility of imaging the FHP was obtained in 95% of cases with no difference between the operators (P = .7). The palate was visualized directly without fetal mobilization in 46%. An earlier gestational age at scanning, a prolonged duration of the scan, fetal back positioned anteriorly, fetal head flexed, a smaller amniotic pocket, and an unmoving fetal limb significantly reduced the feasibility. All failed attempts were in fetuses with their back located in anterior and in those with a deflexed head. Multivariate analysis did not converge because of the collinearity of most parameters.ConclusionsThe ATV is an easy, simple, and accessible 2D method to visualize the FHP with no additional time.
Prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa anomalies: Additional value of chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Huang Linhuan , Lin Shaobin , He Zhiming , Zhu Hui , Zhang Yi , Fang Qun , Luo Yanmin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) detected by high‐resolution chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and the type of prenatal posterior fossa anomalies (PFAs), especially cerebellar hypoplasia (CH).MethodsThis study involved 77 pregnancies with PFAs who underwent CMA.ResultsChromosomal aberrations including pathogenic CNVs and variants of unknown significance were detected in 31.2% (24/77) of all cases by CMA and in 18.5% (12/65) in fetuses with normal karyotypes. The high detection rate of clinically significant CNVs was evident in fetuses with cerebellar hypoplasia (54.6%, 6/11), vermis hypoplasia (33.3%, 1/3), and Dandy‐Walker malformation (25.0%, 3/12). Compare with fetuses without other anomalies, cases with CH and additional malformations had the higher CMA detection rate (33.3% vs 88.9%). Three cases of isolated unilateral CH with intact vermis and normal CMA result had normal outcomes. The deletion of 5p15, 6q terminal deletion, and X chromosome aberrations were the most frequent genetic defects associated with cerebellar hypoplasia.ConclusionAmong fetuses with PFA, those with cerebellar hypoplasia, vermis hypoplasia, or Dandy‐Walker malformation are at the highest risk of clinically significant CNVs. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed the most frequent chromosomal aberrations associated with CH.
TRAF6 regulates proliferation of stromal cells in the transition and peripheral zones of benign prostatic hyperplasia via Akt/mTOR signaling
Authors: Shi Yun‐Feng , Yu Dian‐Jun , Jiang Chen‐Yi , Wang Xing‐Jie , Zhu Yi‐Ping , Zhao Rui‐Zhe , Lv Zhong , Sun Xiao‐Wen 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundIncreased prostatic smooth muscle tone and hyperplastic growth contribute to urethral obstruction and voiding symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It has been suggested that different proliferative potential of stromal cells between transition zone (TZ) and adjoining regions of the prostate plays a significant role in the development of BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms of this hyperplastic process remain unclear. We found tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) highly expressed in TZ stromal cells compared to peripheral zone (PZ) stromal cells by gene array analyzes. Therefore, we aim to study the potential mechanisms of stromal TRAF6 in promoting BPH progression.MethodsStromal cells obtained from BPH‐derived primary cultures. The TRAF6‐siRNA vector were constructed and transfected into cultured human BPH primary TZ stromal cells, and TRAF6‐overexpressing vector were constructed and transfected into cultured human BPH primary PZ stromal cells. Stromal cells were recombined with BPH‐1 cells then subcutaneously inoculated into the kidney capsule of male nude mice. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8 assay. Multiple proteins in the Akt/mTOR pathway were assessed using western blot.ResultsTRAF6 levels were increased in TZ stroma compared with PZ stroma of BPH. The in vitro cell culture and in vivo cell recombination revealed that selective downregulation of TRAF6 in TZ stromal cells led to suppression of the proliferation, while upregulation of TRAF6 in PZ stromal cells enhanced the proliferation. We found that the Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination of Akt as well as the Phosphorylation of mTOR, P70S6K were decreased when TRAF6 was downregulated in primary cultured TZ stromal cells of BPH.ConclusionsTRAF6 can promote the proliferation of stromal cells of BPH via Akt/mTOR signaling. Our results may make stromal TRAF6 responsible for zonal characteristic of BPH and as a promising therapeutic strategy for BPH treatment.
An iterative ensemble Kalman filter in the presence of additive model error
Authors: Sakov Pavel , Haussaire Jean‐Matthieu , Bocquet Marc 
Published: November 2017

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) in a deterministic framework was introduced in Sakov et al. [Mon. Wea. Rev. 140: 1988–2004 ()] to extend the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and improve its performance in mildly up to strongly nonlinear cases. However, the IEnKF assumes that the model is perfect. This assumption simplified the update of the system at a time different from the observation time, which made it natural to apply the IEnKF for smoothing. In this study, we generalize the IEnKF to the case of an imperfect model with additive model error.The new method called IEnKF‐Q conducts a Gauss–Newton minimization in ensemble space. It combines the propagated analysed ensemble anomalies from the previous cycle and model noise ensemble anomalies into a single ensemble of anomalies, and by doing so takes an algebraic form similar to that of the IEnKF. The performance of the IEnKF‐Q is tested in a number of experiments with the Lorenz'96 model, which show that the method consistently outperforms both the EnKF and the IEnKF naively modified to accommodate additive model noise.
Finite‐time stabilization of stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with FT‐SISS inverse dynamics
Authors: Jiang Meng‐Meng , Xie Xue‐Jun 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper studies finite‐time stabilization problem for stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with stochastic inverse dynamics. By characterizing unmeasured stochastic inverse dynamics with finite‐time stochastic input‐to‐state stability, combining the Lyapunov function and adding a power integrator technique, and using the stochastic finite‐time stability theory, a state feedback controller is designed to guarantee global finite‐time stability in probability of stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with finite‐time stochastic input‐to‐state stability inverse dynamics.
How entrepreneurial ecosystems take form: Evidence from social impact initiatives in Seattle
Authors: Thompson Tracy A. , Purdy Jill M. , Ventresca Marc J. 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: This research uses insights from field theory to explore the early moments of how entrepreneurial ecosystems form through everyday interactions. We examine the cultural‐cognitive and material micro‐dynamics of activities occurring in support of social impact entrepreneurs and businesses from 2000 to 2014 in the Seattle, Washington, region using archival and interview data sources. The pattern of results about what actors do and how interactions change over time supports a two‐period model of ecosystem formation where initial distributed and disparate activity undergoes a phase transition to coalesce into a more coordinated and integrated social order. The findings point to endogenous sources of structuring, including language and interaction, rather than exogenous sources such as government action or instrumental policy goals.Managerial Summary: How do the ecosystems that support entrepreneurs form? Rather than being created through top‐down actions of governments and other powerful actors, we argue that entrepreneurial ecosystems form through the everyday interactions of individuals striving to create shared meaning, resources, and infrastructure needed to support their new ventures. This is especially true in ecosystems focused on creating social impact, which do not always offer the high returns expected in a market‐based capitalistic system. Our study shows how the initial activities of distributed, disparate individuals and groups rather suddenly coalesce into more coordinated, integrated, and durable patterns of social interaction, creating the methods, resources, and legitimacy needed for an entrepreneurial ecosystem for social impact businesses to coexist with or change existing conventions of market‐based capitalism.
Asymmetrically Encapsulated Vertical ITO/MoS2/Cu2O Photodetector with Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Kallatt Sangeeth , Nair Smitha , Majumdar Kausik 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStrong light absorption, coupled with moderate carrier transport properties, makes 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors promising candidates for low intensity photodetection applications. However, the performance of these devices is severely bottlenecked by slow response with persistent photocurrent due to long lived charge trapping, and nonreliable characteristics due to undesirable ambience and substrate effects. Here ultrahigh specific detectivity (D*) of 3.2 × 1014 Jones and responsivity (R) of 5.77 × 104 A W−1 are demonstrated at an optical power density (Pop) of 0.26 W m−2 and external bias (Vext) of −0.5 V in an indium tin oxide/MoS2/copper oxide/Au vertical multi‐heterojunction photodetector exhibiting small carrier transit time. The active MoS2 layer being encapsulated by carrier collection layers allows us to achieve repeatable characteristics over large number of cycles with negligible trap assisted persistent photocurrent. A large D* > 1014 Jones at zero external bias is also achieved due to the built‐in field of the asymmetric photodetector. Benchmarking the performance against existing reports in literature shows a viable pathway for achieving reliable and highly sensitive photodetectors for ultralow intensity photodetection applications.
Ptychographic X‐Ray Imaging of Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Lazarev Sergey , Besedin Ilya , Zozulya Alexey V. , Meijer Janne‐Mieke , Dzhigaev Dmitry , Gorobtsov Oleg Yu. , Kurta Ruslan P. , Rose Max , Shabalin Anatoly G. , Sulyanova Elena A. , Zaluzhnyy IvanA. , Menushenkov Alexey P. , Sprung Michael , Petukhov Andrei V. , Vartanyants Ivan A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPtychographic coherent X‐ray imaging is applied to obtain a projection of the electron density of colloidal crystals, which are promising nanoscale materials for optoelectronic applications and important model systems. Using the incident X‐ray wavefield reconstructed by mixed states approach, a high resolution and high contrast image of the colloidal crystal structure is obtained by ptychography. The reconstructed colloidal crystal reveals domain structure with an average domain size of about 2 µm. Comparison of the domains formed by the basic close‐packed structures, allows us to conclude on the absence of pure hexagonal close‐packed domains and confirms the presence of random hexagonal close‐packed layers with predominantly face‐centered cubic structure within the analyzed part of the colloidal crystal film. The ptychography reconstruction shows that the final structure is complicated and may contain partial dislocations leading to a variation of the stacking sequence in the lateral direction. As such in this work, X‐ray ptychography is extended to high resolution imaging of crystalline samples.
Enhancing the Sequential Conversion‐Alloying Reaction of Mixed Sn–S Hybrid Anode for Efficient Sodium Storage by a Carbon Healed Graphene Oxide
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hyung , Jung Young Hwa , Yun Jong Hyuk , Ragupathy P. , Kim Do Kyung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo date, the possible depletion of lithium resources has become relevant, giving rise to the interest in Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) as promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries. While extensive investigations have examined various transition metal oxides and chalcogenides as anode materials for NIBs, few of these have been able to utilize their high specific capacity in sodium‐based systems because of their irreversibility in a charge/discharge process. Here, the mixed Sn–S nanocomposites uniformly distributed on reduced graphene oxide are prepared via a facile hydrothermal synthesis and a unique carbothermal reduction process, producing ultrafine nanoparticle with the size of 2 nm. These nanocomposites are experimentally confirmed to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of tin sulfides such as large volume change and sluggish diffusion kinetics, demonstrating an outstanding electrochemical performance: an excellent specific capacity of 1230 mAh g−1, and an impressive rate capability (445 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1). The electrochemical behavior of a sequential conversion‐alloying reaction for the anode materials is investigated, revealing both the structural transition and the chemical state in the discharge/charge process. Comprehension of the reaction mechanism for the mixed Sn–S/rGO hybrid nanocomposites makes it a promising electrode material and provides a new approach for the Na‐ion battery anodes.
Revealing the Fate of Transplanted Stem Cells In Vivo with a Novel Optical Imaging Strategy
Authors: Chen Guangcun , Lin Suying , Huang Dehua , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Wang Mao , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStem‐cell‐based regenerative medicine holds great promise in clinical practices. However, the fate of stem cells after transplantation, including the distribution, viability, and the cell clearance, is not fully understood, which is critical to understand the process and the underlying mechanism of regeneration for better therapeutic effects. Herein, we develop a dual‐labeling strategy to in situ visualize the fate of transplanted stem cells in vivo by combining the exogenous near‐infrared fluorescence imaging in the second window (NIR‐II) and endogenous red bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The NIR‐II fluorescence of Ag2S quantum dots is employed to dynamically monitor the trafficking and distribution of all transplanted stem cells in vivo due to its deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution, while BLI of red‐emitting firefly luciferase (RfLuc) identifies the living stem cells after transplantation in vivo because only the living stem cells express RfLuc. This facile strategy allows for in situ visualization of the dynamic trafficking of stem cells in vivo and the quantitative evaluation of cell translocation and viability with high temporal and spatial resolution, and thus reports the fate of transplanted stem cells and how the living stem cells help, regeneration, for an instance, of a mouse with acute liver failure.
Chemistry in Confinement: Copper and Palladium Catalyzed Ecofriendly Organic Transformations within Porous Frameworks
Authors: Kumar Basuvaraj Suresh , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA concise account on the use of transition metals copper (Cu) and palladium (Pd), as their cations as well as nanoparticles exchanged/immobilized onto porous frameworks such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic polymers (COPs) and hollow nanostructures, functioning as catalysts in organic synthesis is presented. This biomimetic account, “focusing on catalytic systems in confinement” within zero‐dimensional microenvironments and second sphere coordination covers primarily results from our group on N‐sulfonylketenimine mediated cycloaddition, hydrogenation and C−C bond forming reactions, thus providing an interesting insight into the versatility and utility of these Cu and Pd catalysts. Other significant advantages and green credentials of confinement such as stability, selectivity, reusability, promotion of multicomponent reactions, use of green solvents, atom economy, and use of ambient conditions are highlighted at appropriate places. In the final section, our views on the current achievements and the future prospects in this area are summarized.
Monoaminergic impairment in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease compared to early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dekker Alain D. , Vermeiren Yannick , Carmona‐Iragui Maria , Benejam Bessy , Videla Laura , Gelpi Ellen , Aerts Tony , Van Dam Debby , Fernández Susana , Lleó Alberto , Videla Sebastian , Sieben Anne , Martin Jean‐Jacques ,   Netherlands Brain Bank, Blesa Rafael , Fortea Juan , De Deyn Peter P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionPeople with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defects in monoamine neurotransmitter systems are implicated in DS and AD but have not been comprehensively studied in DS.MethodsNoradrenaline, adrenaline, and their metabolite 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG); dopamine and its metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid; and serotonin and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid were quantified in 15 brain regions of DS without AD (DS, n = 4), DS with AD (DS+AD, n = 17), early‐onset AD (EOAD, n = 11) patients, and healthy non‐DS controls (n = 10) in the general population. Moreover, monoaminergic concentrations were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma samples of DS (n = 37/149), DS with prodromal AD (DS+pAD, n = 13/36), and DS+AD (n = 18/40).ResultsIn brain, noradrenergic and serotonergic compounds were overall reduced in DS+AD versus EOAD, while the dopaminergic system showed a bidirectional change. For DS versus non‐DS controls, significantly decreased MHPG levels were noted in various brain regions, though to a lesser extent than for DS+AD versus EOAD. Apart from DOPAC, CSF/plasma concentrations were not altered between groups.DiscussionMonoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites were evidently impacted in DS, DS+AD, and EOAD. DS and DS+AD presented a remarkably similar monoaminergic profile, possibly related to early deposition of amyloid pathology in DS. To confirm whether monoaminergic alterations are indeed due to early amyloid β accumulation, future avenues include positron emission tomography studies of monoaminergic neurotransmission in relation to amyloid deposition, as well as relating monoaminergic concentrations to CSF/plasma levels of amyloid β and tau within individuals.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker amyloid β1‐42 in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants
Authors: Li Wei , Risacher Shannon L. , Gao Sujuan , Boehm Stephen L. , Elmendorf Jeffrey S. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β (Aβ) 1‐42 is an important Alzheimer's disease biomarker. However, it is inconclusive on how T2DM is related to CSF Aβ1‐42.MethodsParticipants with T2DM were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative by searching keywords from the medical history database. A two‐way analysis of covariance model was used to analyze how T2DM associates with CSF Aβ1‐42 or cerebral cortical Aβ.ResultsCSF Aβ1‐42 was higher in the T2DM group than the nondiabetic group. The inverse relation between CSF Aβ1‐42 and cerebral cortical Aβ was independent of T2DM status. Participants with T2DM had a lower cerebral cortical Aβ in anterior cingulate, precuneus, and temporal lobe than controls.DiscussionT2DM is positively associated with CSF Aβ1‐42 but negatively with cerebral cortical Aβ. The decreased cerebral cortical Aβ associated with T2DM is preferentially located in certain brain regions.