bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un modèle multi-agent du marché du travail français, outil d’évaluation des politiques de l’emploi : l’exemple du contrat de génération
Authors: Ballot Gérard , Kant Jean-Daniel , Goudet Olivier 
Published: June 2016

Cet article présente un modèle multi-agent du marché du travail français et l’utilise pour une simulation ex ante des effets du contrat de génération. Le modèle simule les décisions et les interactions des individus et des entreprises (10 000 agents dans nos simulations), dans le cadre d’un environnement économique et juridique spécifié. Les décisions consistent pour les entreprises à créer ou supprimer des emplois de type CDD et CDI, ainsi qu’à embaucher, promouvoir et licencier leurs salariés. Les individus candidatent aux emplois et peuvent démissionner. Les interactions engendrent les flux bruts entre les états de salarié, chômeur et inactif, formant une comptabilité stock-flux complète. Un algorithme de calibrage permet de reproduire les principales caractéristiques du marché du travail français en 2011, fortement structuré par la coexistence des CDI et des CDD. Tel que simulé par le modèle, le contrat de génération a bien diminué le chômage des jeunes, mais cet effet est modeste en raison d’effets d’aubaine très importants ainsi que d’effets d’éviction modérés. Les trajectoires simulées des jeunes qui ont bénéficié du contrat de génération montrent un effet positif sur leur taux d’emploi à long terme. Des variantes montrent qu’il n’est pas aisé d’améliorer le dispositif.
Gouvernance et conflits d’intérêts dans les agences de notation financière
Authors: Krall Markus 
Published: July 2016

Les agences de notation ont joué le rôle d’un catalyseur lors de la crise financière en contribuant à l’inflation de la bulle hypothécaire ; c’est pourquoi, depuis la crise de 2007, le législateur européen a tenté de réguler les agences de notation, mais s’est-il attaqué avec succès aux problèmes de gouvernance et aux conflits d’intérêts ? Les conflits d’intérêts ont-ils été réduits par la réglementation prudentielle ou par la concurrence ? Nous démontrerons que la nouvelle réglementation a largement échoué, voire empiré la situation oligopolistique, en ajoutant de nouvelles barrières à l’entrée. Par ailleurs, les seuils de participations croisées mis en place pour éviter les conflits d’intérêts ont été choisis de façon à n’avoir strictement aucun impact. Ainsi peut-on regretter que la réglementation n’ait pas modifié le modèle de paiement des agences, car d’autres modèles sont possibles. Des solutions contraignantes peuvent être suggérées afin d’éviter les conflits d’intérêts et renforcer la responsabilité juridique des agences.
La structuration différente de son travail pour mieux décider
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam 
Published: June 2016

Chaque jour, il nous faut décider de petites choses (courrier ou courriel ?) ou faire de grands choix (accepter ou refuser ce mandat ?). Plus la situation est complexe, l’environnement incertain ou l’enjeu élevé, et plus les erreurs de jugement sont susceptibles de survenir. Bonne nouvelle : mieux structurer son travail favoriserait les bons choix. Observations et conseils de John Beshears et Francesca Gino, auteurs de l’article « Leaders : devenez des architectes décisionnels » dans l’édition avril-mai 2016 de la Harvard Business Review.
Four new species of Paravelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from Brazil, with notes on previously described species
Authors: Rodrigues Higor D. D. , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFour new species of Paravelia Breddin (Hemiptera: Veliidae) from Brazil are described and illustrated: Paravelia bachmanninew species and P. bromelicolanew species from the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina; P. luederwaldtinew species from the state of São Paulo; and P. digitatanew species from the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte; totalling 61 valid species for the genus. Two of the new species (P. bachmanni and P. bromelicola) are bromeliad inhabitants, and a key to the eight bromeliadicolus species of the genus is provided. In addition, based on type material, P. amoena (Drake), P. kahli (Drake and Harris), P. nexa (Drake and Harris), and P. parilis (Drake and Harris) are re-described and illustrated. Lastly, taxonomic and distributional notes for the following species are also presented: P. basalis (Spinola), P. boliviana Breddin, P. capillata (Drake and Harris), P. cognata (Drake and Harris), P. dilatata Polhemus and Polhemus, P. foveata Polhemus and Polhemus, P. itatiayana (Drake), P. nieseri Moreira and Barbosa, P. manausana Polhemus and Polhemus, P. platensis (Berg), P. recens (Drake and Harris), and P. splendoris (Drake and Harris).
ERAAP Shapes the Peptidome Associated with Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I Molecules
Authors: Nagarajan Niranjana A. , de Verteuil Danielle A. , Sriranganadane Dev , Yahyaoui Wafaa , Thibault Pierre , Perreault Claude , Shastri Nilabh 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The peptide repertoire presented by classical as well as nonclassical MHC class I (MHC I) molecules is altered in the absence of the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing (ERAAP). To characterize the extent of these changes, peptides from cells lacking ERAAP were eluted from the cell surface and analyzed by high-throughput mass spectrometry. We found that most peptides found in wild-type (WT) cells were retained in the absence of ERAAP. In contrast, a subset of “ERAAP-edited” peptides was lost in WT cells, and ERAAP-deficient cells presented a unique “unedited” repertoire. A substantial fraction of MHC-associated peptides from ERAAP-deficient cells contained N-terminal extensions and had a different molecular composition than did those from WT cells. We found that the number and immunogenicity of peptides associated with nonclassical MHC I was increased in the absence of ERAAP. Conversely, only peptides presented by classical MHC I were immunogenic in ERAAP-sufficient cells. Finally, MHC I peptides were also derived from different intracellular sources in ERAAP-deficient cells.
Inhibition of Phagocytic Killing of Escherichia coli in Drosophila Hemocytes by RNA Chaperone Hfq
Authors: Shiratsuchi Akiko , Nitta Mao , Kuroda Ayumi , Komiyama Chiharu , Gawasawa Mitsuko , Shimamoto Naoto , Tuan Tran Quoc , Morita Teppei , Aiba Hiroji , Nakanishi Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
An RNA chaperone of Escherichia coli, called host factor required for phage Qβ RNA replication (Hfq), forms a complex with small noncoding RNAs to facilitate their binding to target mRNA for the alteration of translation efficiency and stability. Although the role of Hfq in the virulence and drug resistance of bacteria has been suggested, how this RNA chaperone controls the infectious state remains unknown. In the present study, we addressed this issue using Drosophila melanogaster as a host for bacterial infection. In an assay for abdominal infection using adult flies, an E. coli strain with mutation in hfq was eliminated earlier, whereas flies survived longer compared with infection with a parental strain. The same was true with flies deficient in humoral responses, but the mutant phenotypes were not observed when a fly line with impaired hemocyte phagocytosis was infected. The results from an assay for phagocytosis in vitro revealed that Hfq inhibits the killing of E. coli by Drosophila phagocytes after engulfment. Furthermore, Hfq seemed to exert this action partly through enhancing the expression of σ38, a stress-responsive σ factor that was previously shown to be involved in the inhibition of phagocytic killing of E. coli, by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Our study indicates that the RNA chaperone Hfq contributes to the persistent infection of E. coli by maintaining the expression of bacterial genes, including one coding for σ38, that help bacteria evade host immunity.
NK Cell Activation in the Antitumor Response Induced by IFN-α Dendritic Cells Loaded with Apoptotic Cells from Follicular Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Lapenta Caterina , Donati Simona , Spadaro Francesca , Castaldo Paolo , Belardelli Filippo , Cox Maria C. , Santini Stefano M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common form of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This malignancy is considered virtually incurable, with high response rates to therapy but frequent relapses. We investigated the ability of monocyte-derived dendritic cells generated in the presence of IFN-α and GM-CSF (IFN-DC) and loaded with apoptotic lymphoma cells to activate immune responses against FL cells, with the ultimate goal of designing novel patient-specific vaccination strategies for the treatment of FL. In this article, we show that apoptotic tumor cell–loaded IFN-DC from FL patients, which were cultured for 2 wk with autologous lymphocytes, led to Th1 response skewing, based on significantly higher levels of IFN-γ production and a remarkable increase in CD8+ and NK cell frequency, consistent with the detection of enhanced cytotoxic effector function toward autologous FL cells. IFN-DC were found to promote efficient NK cell activation, increased expression of cytotoxicity receptors, and extensive IFN-γ production in the virtual absence of IL-10. Moreover, direct recognition and killing of primary autologous lymphoma cells by activated NK cells from FL patients was also demonstrated. A critical role was demonstrated for MHC class I–related chain A and B and membrane-bound IL-15 in IFN-DC–mediated NK cell activation and early IFN-γ production. The overall results indicate that IFN-DC loaded with autologous apoptotic FL cells represent a valuable tool for improving the potency of therapeutic cancer vaccines through the efficient induction of NK cell activation and promotion of CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity.
Network Analysis Identifies Proinflammatory Plasma Cell Polarization for Secretion of ISG15 in Human Autoimmunity
Authors: Care Matthew A. , Stephenson Sophie J. , Barnes Nicholas A. , Fan Im , Zougman Alexandre , El-Sherbiny Yasser M. , Vital Edward M. , Westhead David R. , Tooze Reuben M. , Doody Gina M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) as effectors of humoral immunity produce Igs to match pathogenic insult. Emerging data suggest more diverse roles exist for PCs as regulators of immune and inflammatory responses via secretion of factors other than Igs. The extent to which such responses are preprogrammed in B-lineage cells or can be induced in PCs by the microenvironment is unknown. In this study, we dissect the impact of IFNs on the regulatory networks of human PCs. We show that core PC programs are unaffected, whereas PCs respond to IFNs with distinctive transcriptional responses. The IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) system emerges as a major transcriptional output induced in a sustained fashion by IFN-α in PCs and linked both to intracellular conjugation and ISG15 secretion. This leads to the identification of ISG15-secreting plasmablasts/PCs in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, ISG15-secreting PCs represent a distinct proinflammatory PC subset providing an Ig-independent mechanism of PC action in human autoimmunity.
HARMONIZING THE DOCTRINES OF ENABLEMENT AND OBVIOUSNESS IN PATENT LITIGATION
Authors: Gross Roy D. 
Published: June 2016

This Article examines the balance between advancing one's arguments that a patent is invalid for lack of enablement and also arguing that a patent is invalid under 35 U.S.C. § 103 as being obvious over the prior art. This is significant with regards to arguments made by an expert in his or her expert report or at trial. A clear litigation strategy is thus recommended prior to reaching the expert report stage in a patent litigation.
Soldiers, Readers, and the Reception of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables in Civil War America
Authors: Steinroetter Vanessa 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT:
This article examines the literary reception of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables in Civil War America and the literary and cultural factors contributing to its remarkable popularity. After its 1862 publication in France, Les Misérables was quickly translated into English and appeared in two American editions. While previous scholarship has noted the novel's status as a bestseller of the war, this article is the first to draw on an archive of handwritten and printed sources, including fictional and nonfictional texts, to examine the reasons Hugo's novel resonated so strongly with Civil War American readers. This article argues that soldiers used references to the novel in their autobiographical writing to create a lens through which to view and comment on their wartime experiences, while novelists such as John Esten Cooke drew on Hugo's message of struggle for freedom in their own cause. Additional reasons for the novel's warm reception among American soldiers lie in its themes of fighting and suffering, potential for empathetic identification with characters and scenes, and widespread availability at a time of considerable disruptions to the literary marketplace.
Bernard Shaw Adjusted for Inflation: Evolution of Wealth
Authors: Rodríguez Martín Gustavo A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The importance of money in Shaw's plays needs no introduction, as many of his plays pivot around economic elements. The concrete expression of such elements, however, poses difficulties for many modern audiences/readers who, for example, do not know how the pound sterling was divided before decimalization. Another difficulty arising from the phraseology of money in Shaw's plays is the fact that inflation is not accounted for. At the same time, Shaw's prolific and long-lasting playwriting career, together with his personal ascent from a “downstart” to a wealthy, world-class author, create other economic discrepancies between how (much) money is represented in his dramatic canon over different periods—no wonder, given that Shaw produced plays through both world wars, the Belle Époque, and the Great Depression, events that brought about remarkable fluctuations in inflation alone. These two caveats parallel the two main purposes of this article. The first one is to provide a general, chronological guide to the value of money in Shaw's plays when contrasted with present-day terms; the second is to analyze how historical and personal changes shaped the author's concept of money and wealth, as expressed in the representation of both in dramatic form.
Shaw's Staging of Capitalism: When “Money Is Not Made in the Light”
Authors: Zorn Christa 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Although Heartbreak House is not the first play that comes to mind when talking about Shaw's economic criticism, one cannot fail to notice that beneath its multilayered symbolism, this play also tells the story of modern (finance) capitalism at a particular moment in history. Read intertextually with The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism, Capitalism and Sovietism (1928), expanded in 1937 to include Fascism, Heartbreak House reveals not only the pervasive, dehumanizing influence of finance capitalism on society and politics, but also its inherent contradictions, which require unpaid debt, fictitious capital, and profitable bankruptcies. In the play, Boss Mangan, a faceless technocrat who destroys competitors by speculation and ruthless business tactics, epitomizes the capitalist financier and the abstract (power behind him, i.e., the modern corporation). He is completely separated from the actual production process, which is run by a new managerial class, represented by Mazzini Dunn, who—ideologically blinded—believes to be in control. In the real (and figurative) explosion at the end of Heartbreak House, Shaw exposes the inherent contradictions and paradoxes of the modern capitalist system. Economically speaking, the blow up is a boon for the system: while the “two practical men of business” (Boss Mangan and his double, the Burglar) are killed, capitalism prevails.
Recompas, recontras, revueltos y rearmados. Posguerra y conflictos por la tierra en Nicaragua 1990-2008
Authors: Fiorentini Cañedo Natalia 
Published: June 2016

La experiencia de los grupos desmovilizados de excombatientes durante la posguerra en Nicaragua a partir de 1990. Sus luchas, acciones e ideología, tanto de quienes tomaron las armas como forma de presión política, como de quienes iniciaron una lucha civil en el conflictivo periodo de posguerra. De cómo la lucha por la tierra fue la reivindicación principal de los desmovilizados.
Zelfrijdende auto’s, aansprakelijkheid en verzekering; over nieuwe technologie en oude discussies
Authors: van Wees K.A.P.C. 
Published: June 2016

Zelfrijdende auto’s, aansprakelijkheid en verzekering; over nieuwe technologie en oude discussies
De opkomst van de (deels) zelfrijdende auto dwingt om na te denken over alternatieven voor ons huidige stelsel van aansprakelijkheid. Een van die alternatieven is een directe schadeverzekering, ook wel verkeersverzekering genoemd. Het Verbond van Verzekeraars onderzoekt momenteel de mogelijkheden. Het denken over een verkeersverzekering kent een lange geschiedenis. Reeds lang geleden is uitgebreid nagedacht over de voors en tegens. Dat de ontwikkeling van de zelfrijdende auto aanleiding vormt om de discussie nieuw leven in te blazen en opnieuw de balans op te maken, is een goede zaak. Aan een stelsel van verkeersverzekering kunnen vanuit slachtofferperspectief in potentie belangrijke voordelen verbonden zijn.
Aansprakelijkheid van de (letselschade)advocaat voor informatieverzuimen: het bewijs van de zorgplichtschending en de (ontbrekende) eigen schuld van de cliënt
Authors: Giesen I. 
Published: June 2016

Aansprakelijkheid van de (letselschade)advocaat voor informatieverzuimen: het bewijs van de zorgplichtschending en de (ontbrekende) eigen schuld van de cliënt
De beroepsbeoefenaar – en dus ook de letselschadeadvocaat – die een informatieverplichting schendt, zal enigszins op zijn aansprakelijkheidsrechtelijke tellen moeten passen als het om het bewijs van die zorgplichtschending en het (bewijs van het) causaal verband gaat. Maar daar is die advocaat nog redelijk ‘beschermd’. Geraakt een cliënt voorbij die hindernissen, dan is het echter snel afgelopen: eigen schuld als verweer mag niet meer in beeld komen, althans mag slechts een marginale rol spelen, zo wordt betoogd.
Risico, relativiteit, redelijkheid
Authors: Stam J.K. , Verweij-Hoogendijk J.H.G. 
Published: June 2016

Risico, relativiteit, redelijkheid
Op 29 januari 2016 gaf de Hoge Raad antwoord op drie prejudiciële vragen met betrekking tot de analoge toepassing van het Hangmat-arrest, waarin aansprakelijkheid jegens medebezitters op grond van artikel 6:174 BW is aangenomen, ten aanzien van artikel 6:179 en 6:181 BW. De regel uit het Hangmat-arrest blijkt niet te gelden in de onderlinge verhouding tussen medebezitters van een dier en niet in de onderlinge verhouding tussen bedrijfsmatige medegebruikers van een dier. De derde vraag ten aanzien van de verdeling van de schade behoefde volgens de Hoge Raad geen beantwoording.
In the Name of the Name: RDF literals, ER attributes and the potential to rethink the structures and visualizations of catalogs
Authors: Peponakis Manolis 
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to contribute to the field of machine-processable bibliographic data that is suitable for the Semantic Web. We examine the Entity Relationship (ER) model, which has been selected by IFLA as a “conceptual framework” in order to model the FR family (FRBR, FRAD and RDA), and the problems ER causes as we move towards the Semantic Web. Subsequently, while maintaining the semantics of the aforementioned standards but rejecting the ER as a conceptual framework for bibliographic data, this paper builds on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) potential and documents how both the RDF and Linked Data’s rationale can affect the way we model bibliographic data.
In this way, a new approach to bibliographic data emerges where the distinction between description and authorities is obsolete. Instead, the integration of the authorities with descriptive information becomes fundamental so that a network of correlations can be established between the entities and the names by which the entities are known. Naming is a vital issue for human cultures because names are not random sequences of characters or sounds which stand just as identifiers for the entities - they also have socio-cultural meanings and interpretations. Thus, instead of describing indivisible resources, we could describe entities that appear in a variety of names on various resources. In this study, a method is proposed to connect the names with the entities they represent and, in this way, to document the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names.
Use of natural and homeopathic remedies in children ailments
Authors: Buskin Stephen , Riveros Huckstadt Maria Pilar , Salatino Silvia 
Published: June 2016

In recent decades the use of CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) has increased significantly, not only among adults but also in the pediatric population. Perceived efficacy of homeopathic or natural treatments, fear of drug adverse effects, dissatisfaction with conventional medicine, and the need for more personal attention are the main reasons given by parents who treat their children with homeopathy.In the present paper the use of natural and homeopathic remedies for the treatment of children ailments are considered. In particular we focus on minor disorders of early childhood with a major impact on the well-being of the whole family, namely infant colic, teething, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and tonsillopharyngitis. The results of recent studies on homeopathic products for the treatment of these disorders are be presented and discussed.
Effects of unbalanced carrier injection on the performance characteristics of InGaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Han Dong-Pyo , Shim Jong-In , Shin Dong-Soo , Kim Kyu-Sang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Two kinds of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having different electron concentrations in the n-GaN injection layer are investigated in order to understand the effects of unbalanced carrier injection on LED performance characteristics. Electrical and optical characteristics such as capacitance–voltage, current–voltage, external quantum efficiency, and electroluminescence spectrum are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the unbalanced carrier distribution in multiple quantum wells affects the forward operating voltage since a large disparity of injection rate between electrons and holes can induce a small effective active volume, thus leading to the severe overflow of electrons to the p-(Al)GaN layer in the LED devices.
Numerical study of carbon nanotubes under circularly polarized irradiation
Authors: Liu Feng , Nakajima Yudai , Wakabayashi Katsunori 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We numerically study the energy band structures and the corresponding wavefunctions of carbon nanotubes under circularly polarized irradiation perpendicular to the tube axis on the basis of the Floquet–Bloch theory. We focus on two typical irradiation frequencies, ħΩ ≪ γ and ħΩ ∼ γ, where γ ≈ 3 eV is the hopping energy of graphene. Circularly polarized irradiation is found to open gaps for metallic zigzag nanotubes near the Fermi energy and shift the degenerate points of armchair nanotubes in the energy spectra away from the K and K′ points. Furthermore, high-frequency irradiation localizes the wavefunctions on either side of the nanotubes; in particular, the localized wavefunctions have different valley indices on each side of the nanotubes.