bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kick Detection and Well Control in a Closed Wellbore
Authors: Denney Dennis 
Published: June 2017

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 143099, ’Kick Detection and Well Control in a Closed Wellbore,’ by Steve Nas, SPE, Weatherford, prepared for the 2011 IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 5-6 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Closing the wellbore at the top with a rotating control device (RCD) for some kind of managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) operations raises a number of issues with regard to well control and kick detection. The use of an RCD provides drillers with an additional level of comfort because it is a pressure-management device, but it does not eliminate the need to have well control as a primary objective. Early kick detection and annular-pressure control are essential parts of MPD operations, but there can be confusion as to where the responsibility for well control lies.
Introduction
The detection of inflow from a formation is one of the primary safety aspects of drilling operations. Even with a closed wellbore and with the use of MPD technology, kick detection and the subsequent well-control procedures must remain in place. The rig crew can get a false sense of security that with MPD, the well is controlled at all times and as such there is no further need for well control. The causes of kicks are not removed when MPD operations are being conducted. The procedures and risk assessments for MPD operations must include kick-detection and well-control methods and procedures.
Primary Well Control
Controlling the annular-pressure profile is one of the main reasons for MPD, but it may not avoid kicks in a well. If the pore pressures of the formations being drilled are unknown, then kicks can still be taken. This leads to the next challenge: To contain an influx safely, the influx first must be detected. If MPD is used to control the bottomhole pressure (BHP) in the well, then it can be stated that MPD is the primary well control because the pressure in the well is controlled to avoid an influx of formation fluids into the wellbore.
The use of an RCD to close in the wellbore makes drilling operations safer. However, it must be noted that, often, the objectives of MPD are to reduce the hydrostatic pressure, avoid losses, and drill the well with a lower mud weight. Reducing the mud weight can introduce more well-control events.
A rapid technique to determine performance and efficiency of activated carbon water filters
Authors: Sweetman Martin J. , Sebben Damien , Noll Ben D. , Wang Wei Hong , May Steve , Mebberson Nick , Plush Sally E. , Hayball John D. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The performance of activated carbon water filters, with respect to the breakthrough of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dangerous trihalomethanes (THMs) from supplied water, has been analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been demonstrated as a viable technique to monitor carbon filter performance, using the fluorescently active DOM species as an indicator. Due to the relationship between DOM and THMs, where DOM is the precursor for THM formation during the chlorine treatment of water, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to predict the breakthrough of both species from activated carbon filters. In order to establish a versatile measurement technique, the most appropriate fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths for detecting the DOM in water were firstly determined. These fluorescence measurement parameters were then applied to effluent water samples from carbon filters, over a total filtrate volume of 4,200 L. The total THM concentration in filtered water samples was determined by headspace gas chromatography (HSGC), with the fluorescence and HSGC results showing a high degree of correlation for the amount of DOM and THM respectively. Importantly, this correlation is observed for both of the determined fluorescence measurement parameters, highlighting the validity and versatility of this technique.
Оцінка віддалених результатів лікування постраждалих із суміжними та контралатеральними переломами кісток нижніх кінцівок, яких лікували на базі КЗОЗ «Обласна клінічна лікарня — Центр екстреної медичної допомоги та медицини катастроф» м. Харкова
Authors: Grigoruk V.V. 
Published: June 2017

Актуальність. В Україні за 2016 рік загальна кількість ДТП становила близько 140 тис. При цьому виді травматизму переважають постраждалі з тяжкими високоенергетичними ушкодженнями. На сьогодні не існує чітких алгоритмів ведення травмованих із суміжними та контралатеральними переломами кісток нижніх кінцівок. Не одержали достатнього висвітлення питання методів, строків, обсягу, черговості оперативних втручань. Не розроблені рекомендації щодо найбільш відповідних способів фіксації переломів, строків і черговості виконання остеосинтезу за сегментами, методів фіксації одного сегмента на період остеосинтезу іншого сегмента. Тому з 2005 по 2016 рік на базі КЗОЗ «Обласна клінічна лікарня — Центр екстреної медичної допомоги та медицини катастроф» у відділенні політравми та травматологічному відділенні був упроваджений власний алгоритм ведення таких пацієнтів і проведена оцінка його ефективності через 1,5 року з моменту отримання травми та в 2016 році. Мета роботи: оцінка віддалених результатів лікування постраждалих із суміжними та контралатеральними переломами кісток нижніх кінцівок, яких лікували на базі КЗОЗ «Обласна клінічна лікарня — Центр екстреної медичної допомоги та медицини катастроф» м. Харкова. Матеріали та методи. Матеріалом дослідження послужили 27 травмованих у ДТП, з них 19 чоловіків та 8 жінок, які перебували на лікуванні з 2005 по 2010 рік із суміжними та контралатеральними переломами кісток нижніх кінцівок у КЗОЗ «Обласна клінічна лікарня — Центр екстреної допомоги та медицини катастроф» і були обстежені на 2016 рік. Середній вік на момент одержання травми становив 36,02 року. Лікувальна тактика базувалася на поетапному підході з моменту госпіталізації до зрощення перелому на основі власного алгоритму (патент України № 57016). Результати. На 2013 рік частка добрих результатів — 74,1 %, інші 25,9 % були задовільними. Функціональне відновлення кінцівок збіглося із середніми строками зрощення переломів кісток. Аналогічний аналіз результатів лікування був проведений у 2016 році. У 15 % спостерігався розвиток посттравматичних артрозів суміжних із переломами суглобів, у 4 % — прогресування остеохондрозу, міграція гвинтів — у 2 %. Інвалідність мали й мають 19 % постраждалих. Висновки. Отже, під час лікування постраждалих із суміжними та контралатеральними переломами кісток нижніх кінцівок застосований алгоритм надання допомоги дозволив одержати добрі та задовільні результати лікування, погіршення стану хворих на 2016 рік не відбулося.
Facultad de Ciencias-UNAM
Authors: Caballero Reyna , Quintanar Carlos , Hernández Elisa T. 
Published: June 2017

<p class="p1"><strong>RESUMEN: </strong>La nanociencia en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México es un tema de investigación compartido tanto por grupos de investigación formados por físicos como por biólogos. Los físicos aplicando métodos de primeros principios de la fisicoquímica computacional estudian fragmentos específicos del genoma del ser humano donde los virus han dejado su huella. Por otra parte, los biólogos aplican métodos de la nanociencia para entender mejor los nanosistemas biológicos que están investigando. Esta situación no debiera sorprender a nadie, si se tiene en cuenta que biólogos, matemáticos y físicos comparten en la Facultad de Ciencias una larga historia. En este trabajo también se describe a grandes rasgos esa larga historia. </p>
Abalone, Haliotis mariae (Wood, 1828), Hatchery and Seed Production Trials in Oman
Authors: Al-Rashdi Khalfan M. , Iwao Tsueno 
Published: June 2017

Hatchery and seed production trials for the Omani endemic abalone Haliotis mariae were carried out at the land-based Mirbat Abalone Seed Production Station in Oman between 1999 and 2000. The methods developed for broodstock conditioning, induction of spawning and fertilization, larval settlement, and the handling of small juveniles are shown. Abalone collected in the post-monsoon period and held for 2 months matured faster than those collected before the monsoon and held for 6 months. Spawning induction of males and females had 63% and 11% success rates respectively, and the morphology of early larval stages is shown. Survival rates of veliger larvae introduced to settlement plates ranged from 35.9% to 73.7%, but the survival of post-larvae was low at 0.1% to 3.6%. The high mortality rate was attributed to invasions of filamentous green- and coralline algae on settlement plates and occurrence of low quantity of diatoms as food. Juveniles reacted best to 2% ethanol as anaesthetic, dropping off culture plates within 4 min and recovering within 17 min. Cultured abalone reached an average shell length of 52.9 mm over 13 months, which translates to an increment of 4.1 mm.mon-1. The overall conclusion of these preliminary research trials confirms that H. mariae can be cultured successfully in Oman. Further studies on the standardization of the techniques would help in stock enhancement programmes and commercial farming.
Live Weight Changes and Their Relationship with the Ovarian Status of Maiden Fat-Tailed Barbarine Ewes
Authors: Salem Imēne Ben , Rekik Mourad , Hamouda Mohammed Ben , Lassoued Narjess 
Published: June 2017

The current study assessed the effect of the pattern of live weight change on the ovarian function of maiden Barbarine ewes at approximately 1 year of age. For this purpose, a total of 171 weaned ewe lambs (mean live weight ± s.d. 34.7±3.07 kg and mean age ± SD 196±10 days at weaning) were selected for the experiment. Adjustment of live weight variation was used. Based on the slope of the curve, animals were grouped into three classes LWCI (n=46), LWCII (n=91) and LWCIII (n=34) with live weight loss being highest in LWCI and lowest in LWCIII. Following laparoscopy at 13 months of age, the proportion of ewe lambs found cycling in LWCIII (85.3%) was higher in comparison to animals in LWCI (43.4%; P<0.001) and tended to be superior to those in LWCII (61.5%; P<0.05). Following synchronisation with progestagen of the females found cycling, levels of plasma IGF-I concentrations between 6 and 42 hrs after removal of sponges were not significantly different between the three classes of live weight, and respectively averaged 94.2, 90.8 and 89.8 µg/l for LWCI, LWCII and LWCIII females. Levels of estradiol were also not significantly different between the three groups (0.73, 0.70 and 0.67 pg/ml for LWCI, LWCII and LWCIII ewe lambs, respectively). It was concluded that, in low input systems of semi-arid and arid Tunisia, mating ewe lambs at the approximate age of 1 year is likely to lead to depressed reproductive performance particularly when the summer live weight-loss is elevated.
Gram Yield and Yield Components of Spring Wheat Genotypes at Different Moisture Regimes
Authors: Ahmad R. , Ahmad N. , Stark J.C. , Tanveer A. 
Published: June 2017

Yield and developmental characteristics of crop genotypes grown at different levels of water availability are often used to select genotypes that are adapted to variable moisture environments. Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen. Idaho, USA in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the effects of varying moisture supply on grain yield and yield components of spring wheat genotypes. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under three irrigation levels (well-watered. moderate water-stress and severe water-stress) imposed during the periods from mid-tillering to anthesis with a line source sprinkler irrigation system. Grain yield and yield components (spikes m-2, spikelets spike-1, kernels spikelet-1, kernels spike-1, and kernel weight) were used to evaluate the genotypic response to water stress. Overall, water stress caused a reduction in grain yield and yield components. Genotypes exhibited a large year-to-year variation in their ranks for grain yield. Medium-tall growing genotypes (IDO 367. lDO 369 and Rick) generally produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1992 (relatively dry year), while short -medium genotypes (WPB 926. Yecora Rojo and Pondera) produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1993 (relatively wet year). Chris and Serra were the lowest yielding genotypes under water stress conditions in both years. Under moderate stress conditions. 100 367 and Yecora Rojo had consistently high yields. Genotypic yield differences under water stress conditions were primarily related to the differences in the numbers of spikes m". Therefore, a tendency for high plasticity for Spikes per unit area could be used to select wheat genotypes for improved drought tolerance.
Comparison of Agricultural Forecasts with Actual Data
Authors: Alseleem Y.A. 
Published: June 2017

So far, little has been said regarding the accuracy of forecasting given by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water (MAW). Saudi Arabia. Measures of accuracy are quite useful in comparing several methods of sampling or analysis. A comparison of forecasts with actual data gives us a measure of accuracy. In fact, a current evaluation of the accuracy of crop forecasts appears useful since government agencies, agribusiness firms, and farmers make decisions involving millions of riyals annually on the basis of the forecast, and deficiencies in the forecasts may cause undesirable effects on plans and resource allocation. The present research examines the accuracy of 255 MAW crop area and production forecasts for wheat, barley, tomato, watermelons, palm dates, grapes, chicken, sheep, and camel for the period 1400-1416 H (i.e. 1979-1995G). The study tested the difference between actual and forecast estimates. The results of this study provide useful information about decision making in crop (animal) forecasting procedures to meet users requirements.
Modeling Residual NAPL in Water-Wet Porous Media
Authors: Lenhard R.J. , Kacimov A.R. , Tartakovsky A.M. , AbdelRahman H. 
Published: June 2017

A model is outlined that predicts NAPL which is held in pore wedges and as films or lenses on solid and water surfaces and contributes negligibly to NAPL advection. This is conceptually referred to as residual NAPL. Since residual NAPL is immobile, it remains in the vadose zone after all free NAPL has drained. Residual NAPL is very important because it is a long-term source for groundwater contamination. Recent laboratory experiments have demonstrated that current models for predicting subsurface NAPL behavior are inadequate because they do not correctly predict residual NAPL. The main reason for the failure is a deficiency in the current constitutive theories for multiphase flow that are used in numerical simulators. Multiphase constitutive theory governs the relations among relative permeability, saturation, and pressure for fluid systems (i.e., air, NAPL, water). In this paper, we outline a model describing relations between fluid saturations and pressures that can be combined with existing multiphase constitutive theory to predict residual NAPL. We test the revised constitutive theory by applying it to a scenario involving NAPL imbibition and drainage, as well as water imbibition and drainage. The results suggest that the revised constitutive theory is able to predict the distribution of residual NAPL in the vadose zone as a function of saturation-path history. The revised model describing relations between fluid saturation and pressures will help toward developing or improving numerical multiphase flow simulators.
Qualidade de vida de pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica submetidos à terapia celular
Authors: Porto Joana D´Arc Silvério , Rassi Salvador , COSTA NETO Sebastião Benício da , SOUSA Ivone Felix de 
Published: June 2017

ObjetivoAvaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida de 60 pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica que participaram do Estudo Multicêntrico Randomizado de Terapia Celular em Cardiopatia no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás.MétodosTrata-se de uma pesquisa de coorte retrospectivo de um estudo transversal anterior. Os participantes foram escolhidos randomicamente e foi utilizado o desenho duplo-cego para quem recebeu células tronco grupo experimental ou não recebeu grupo controle. Os dados foram retirados dos prontuários de 60 pacientes que responderam o questionário sócio demográfico, o Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, a classificação funcional e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos, no tempo basal, 2, 6 e 12 meses de segmento. Foram analisados os dados referentes a qualidade de vida, meio dos testes estatísticos descritivos (porcentagem, média, desvio-padrão) e comparativos (teste t de Student e de correlação de Pearson, para p 0,05). ResultadosForam incluídos os 60 pacientes chagásicos, a maioria do sexo masculino (70%), idade média 50,98 anos. O grupo que recebeu células-tronco e o grupo que não recebeu permaneceu semelhante, com boa qualidade de vida durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Observa-se que, dois meses após o procedimento houve melhora da qualidade de vida em ambos os grupos, quando comparada aos demais tempos. A correlação da classificação funcional e do teste de caminhada com a qualidade de vida mostrou que quanto melhor a condição clínica do participante, melhor era o escore de qualidade de vida. ConclusãoNão houve alteração na qualidade de vida dos participantes do grupo experimental em comparação ao grupo controle. Assim, a qualidade de vida dos participantes que receberam células-tronco não foi impactada.
Clinico-demographic profile among female with alcohol related problems in the eastern part of Nepal
Authors: Gautam  Joshi Rinku , Koirala P , Shakya DR , Shyangwa PM 
Published: June 2017

Background: Alcohol can affect anyone. It is not prejudicial towards any race, colour, sex, religion or economic level. It affects individual’s life, personal relationship, health and occupational functioning.1 Alcohol is estimated to cause a net harm of 3.7% of all deaths and 4.4% of the global burden of disease.3 This study will provide baseline data and pave way for further studies and broaden the implication for the management and control of alcohol related problems in female.Objective: To provide baseline data about the clinico-demographic profile of the female with alcohol related problems.Method: A semi- structured proforma was designed to collect the data. A total of 51 female patients participated in the study after giving their written informed consent. Result: The maximum number of patients were in the age group of 41-50 (37.2%); followed by the age group 31-40 (31.3%). The mean age was 42.63 ± 11.11 years. The predominant caste was Rai 33.3% followed by Limbu 19.6%. All the cases were Hindus by religion. Most of the cases were married (82.3%) housewives, (56.8%) with nuclear family (68.6%) and illiterate (58.8%). The age of first alcohol intake was 17.45±9.45 years, total duration of use 24.86±14.7. Family custom (56.88%) was the most common reason for the first use of alcohol. Local distilled alcohol was preferred (58.8%) and 72.5% used to drink alone. The most common presenting complaint was auditory hallucination (12.36%).Conclusion: The most affected age group was at the peak of their economic and reproductive abilities. Most of the patients were illiterate and jobless. A comprehensive educational awareness program about alcohol use and its effects on the female as a whole, with special attention to pregnancy and lactation is to be undertaken at the community level, with maximum female participation. It is important to recognize and realize that women have unique aspects to their alcohol problems and to understand the complex interplay of roles they have to play in the form of daughter, mother, wife, in-law and manager of the household activities including taking care of children as well as elderly at home and plan accordingly.Health Renaissance 2015;13(2): 30-42
The Light Curve and Distance of the Kepler Supernova: News from Four Centuries Ago
Authors: Ruiz-Lapuente Pilar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We study the light curve of SN 1604 using the historical data collected at the time of observation of the outburst. Comparing the supernova with recent SNe Ia of various rates of decline after maximum light, we find that this event looks like a normal SN Ia (stretch s close to 0.9 : 0.9 ± 0.13), a fact that is also favored by the late light curve. The supernova is heavily obscured by 2.7 ± 0.1 mag in V. We obtain an estimate of the distance to the explosion with a value of

. This can help to settle ongoing discussions on the distance to the supernova. It also shows that this supernova is of the same kind as those of the SN Ia samples that we now use for cosmology.
Implications of the Low Binary Black Hole Aligned Spins Observed by LIGO
Authors: Hotokezaka Kenta , Piran Tsvi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We explore the implications of the low-spin components along the orbital axis observed in an Advanced LIGO O1 run on binary black hole (BBH) merger scenarios in which the merging BBHs have evolved from field binaries. The coalescence time determines the initial orbital separation of BBHs. This, in turn, determines whether the stars are synchronized before collapse, and hence determines their projected spins. Short coalescence times imply synchronization and large spins. Among known stellar objects, Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars seem to be the only progenitors consistent with the low aligned spins observed in LIGO’s O1, provided that the orbital axis maintains its direction during the collapse. We calculate the spin distribution of BBH mergers in the local universe, and its redshift evolution for WR progenitors. Assuming that the BBH formation rate peaks around a redshift of ∼2–3, we show that BBH mergers in the local universe are dominated by low-spin events. The high-spin population starts to dominate at a redshift of ∼0.5–1.5. WR stars are also progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts that take place at a comparable rate to BBH mergers. We discuss the possible connection between the two phenomena. Additionally, we show that hypothetical Population III star progenitors are also possible. Although WR and Population III progenitors are consistent with the current data, both models predict a non-vanishing fraction of high positive values of the BBHs’ aligned spin. If those are not detected within the coming LIGO/Virgo runs, it will be unlikely that the observed BBHs formed via field binaries.