bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do clinical guidelines for whole body computerised tomography in trauma improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce unnecessary investigations? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Hare Nicholas P , Macdonald Alistair W , Mellor James P , Younus Maaz , Chatha Hridesh , Sammy Ian 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Whole body computerised tomography has become a standard of care for the investigation of major trauma patients. However, its use varies widely, and current clinical guidelines are not universally accepted. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to determine whether clinical guidelines for whole body computerised tomography in trauma increase its diagnostic accuracy. Materials and methods A systematic review of Medline, Cinhal and the Cochrane database, supplemented by a manual search of relevant papers was undertaken, with narrative synthesis. Studies comparing clinical guidelines to physician gestalt for the use of whole body computerised tomography in adult trauma were included. Results A total of 887 papers were identified from the electronic databases, and 1 from manual searches. Of these, seven papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two papers compared clinical guidelines with routine practice: one found increased diagnostic accuracy while the other did not. Two papers investigated the performance of established clinical guidelines and demonstrated moderate sensitivity and low specificity. Two papers compared different components of established triage tools in trauma. One paper devised a de novo clinical decision rule, and demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy with the tool. The outcome criteria used to define a ‘positive’ scan varied widely, making direct comparisons between studies impossible. Conclusions Current clinical guidelines for whole body computerised tomography in trauma may increase the sensitivity of the investigation, but the evidence to support this is limited. There is a need to standardise the definition of a ‘clinically significant’ finding on CT to allow better comparison of diagnostic studies.
Pulse pressure in acute coronary syndromes: Comparative prognostic significance with systolic blood pressure
Authors: Tan Nigel S , Sarak Bradley , Fox Keith AA , Brieger David , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Gale Chris P , Bhatt Deepak L , Spencer Frederick A , Grondin Francois R , Goodman Shaun G , Yan Andrew T ,   on behalf of the Canadian GRACE/GRACE-2 and CANRACE Investigators
Published: March 2017

Background: Pulse pressure is a readily available vital sign that has been shown to independently predict outcomes in several cardiovascular disease states. We investigated the prognostic significance of pulse pressure (PP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: A total of 14,514 patients with ACS in the prospective, multicentre Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), expanded GRACE (GRACE-2) and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events (CANRACE) were stratified by initial PP on presentation. Patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared by PP quartiles and the independent prognostic significance of PP for in-hospital mortality was quantified. We compared the discriminative ability (c-statistic) of models incorporating either PP or SBP. Results: Patients with higher PPs were older, more frequently female and had higher prevalence rates of conventional cardiovascular risk factors (all p < 0.01). Lower PP was associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presentation, higher GRACE risk scores and higher rates of adverse in-hospital outcomes ( p < 0.001). PP was strongly correlated with SBP (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.79, p < 0.001). After adjustment for other GRACE risk model predictors, lower PP was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (first vs. fourth quartile [reference]: adjusted odds ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.80–3.67). The c-statistic was slightly higher for the multivariable model incorporating SBP as compared to the model with PP (0.868 vs. 0.864, respectively, p = 0.028) for in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Higher presenting PP is associated with increased age and more prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, whereas patients with lower PP present with worse clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes. Lower PP is an independent adverse prognosticator in ACS. However, PP did not improve the discriminatory performance of the GRACE risk score compared with SBP.
An epidemiological analysis of the burden of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the USA, Europe and Japan
Authors: Gall Henning , Hoeper Marius M. , Richter Manuel J. , Cacheris William , Hinzmann Barbara , Mayer Eckhard 
Published: March 2017

Epidemiological data for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are limited and there are conflicting reports regarding its pathogenesis.A literature review was conducted to identify CTEPH epidemiological data up to June 2014. Data were analysed to provide estimates of the incidence of CTEPH in the USA, Europe and Japan. An epidemiological projection model derived country-specific estimates of future incidence and diagnosis rates of CTEPH.Overall, 25 publications and 14 databases provided quantitative epidemiological data. In the USA and Europe, the crude annual incidence of diagnosed pulmonary embolism and crude annual full (i.e.diagnosed and undiagnosed) incidence of CTEPH were 66–104 and 3–5 cases per 100 000 population, respectively, while in Japan these rates were lower at 6.7 and 1.9 per 100 000 population, respectively. In 2013, 7–29% of CTEPH cases in Europe and the USA were diagnosed, and the majority of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III/IV at diagnosis. The projection model indicated that incidence of CTEPH will continue to increase over the next decade.These data suggest that CTEPH is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there is an urgent need to increase awareness of CTEPH. High-quality epidemiological studies are required to increase understanding of CTEPH.
Dispersive and directional electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity of conductive-mineral-bearing samples derived from multifrequency tensor electromagnetic induction measurements
Authors: Misra Siddharth , Torres-Verdín Carlos , Homan Dean , Rasmus John 
Published: March 2017

Organic-rich mudrocks, hydrocarbon-bearing conventional formations, and source rocks generally contain pyrite, rutile, graphite, graphitic precursors, and other electrically conductive minerals in the form of veins, laminations, flakes, and grains. Under redox-inactive subsurface conditions, when an external electromagnetic (EM) field is applied to geomaterials containing conductive mineral inclusions, ions in pore-filling brine and charge carriers (electrons and holes) in electrically conductive mineral inclusions migrate, accumulate/deplete, and diffuse around impermeable host-inclusion interfaces. These EM-field-induced phenomena are referred to as perfectly polarized interfacial polarization (PPIP) phenomena, and they alter the effective electrical conductivity [Formula: see text] and effective relative dielectric permittivity [Formula: see text] of geomaterials. In addition, the relaxation process associated with such polarization phenomena and the time required to fully develop and dissipate the EM-field-induced polarization gives rise to frequency dispersion of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of geomaterials containing conductive mineral inclusions. A laboratory-based EM apparatus, referred to as a whole-core EM induction tool, was used to measure the directional, multifrequency EM response of brine-saturated 4 in diameter (10.16 cm diameter), 2 ft long (0.61 m long), glass-bead packs containing uniformly distributed pyrite and graphite inclusions. We then implemented a semianalytic (SA) EM forward model, referred to as the SA model, to compute the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of these conductive-mineral-bearing glass-bead packs. The estimated [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of conductive-mineral-bearing packs exhibit directional and frequency dispersive characteristics, which can be explained using the theory of PPIP phenomena. Relative variations in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] due to frequency dispersion were as large as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, between the values estimated at 20 and 260 kHz. Computed values of [Formula: see text] of conductive-mineral-bearing packs were unusually large in the range of 103–106, whereas the corresponding values of [Formula: see text] exhibited strong dependence on volume content, size, and metallic nature of conductive mineral inclusions, brine salinity, and frequency. Furthermore, packs containing uniformly distributed pyrite and graphite inclusions exhibited conductivity and permittivity anisotropy in the range of one to two.
Resusitasi Cairan: dari Dasar Fisiologis hingga Aplikasi Klinis
Authors: Pudjiadi Antonius H 
Published: March 2017

Resusitasi cairan merupakan langkah penting tatalaksana renjatan pada anak. Kebutuhan resusitasi cairan sangat individual. Pemberian cairan yang tidak tepat dapat membahayakan pasien. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas fisiologi dasar sistem hemodinamik, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan resusitasi cairan. Berbagai protokol pemberian resusitasi cairan akan dibahas secara teknik, serta masalahnya pada penggunaannya dalam klinis.
Innovation versus Replication: Some Notes on the Approaches in Defining Shariah Compliance in Islamic Finance
Authors: Laldin Mohamad Akram , Furqani Hafas 
Published: March 2017

Shariah contains the principles and foundations upon which financial system from an Islamic perspective is established and acts as guidance and framework on which the direction of the industry is set. This would include the whole processes from product conceptual inception of developing shariah product compliance manual, developing product structure, reviewing the legal documentation, and producing report or opinion on the product application in the market. Islamic finance is expected to offer something new to the market instead of a mere replication and modification of conventional practices in Islamic forms. The paper attempts to survey the approach in developing Islamic finance, including the debate on replication and innovation in a product to the structure as well as the gaps between ideals and practices. [Keuangan Islam dikembangkan berdasarkan atas semangat, filosofi dan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam sebagaimana terangkum dalam ekonomi shariah. Makalah ini berusaha mengamati berbagai pendekatan dalam mengembangkan keuangan Islam, perdebatan mengenai replikasi ekonomi konvensional, dan inovasi dalam produk hingga struktur maupun kesenjangan antara yang ideal dengan kenyataannya. ]
KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN AKIBAT KEBERADAAN UMKM BERBASIS RUMAH (HBE) PENGOLAH PANGAN TRADISIONAL GETUK ‘KETHEK’ SATU RASA, KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Kusmayanti Januarta Dwi , Tyas Wido Prananing 
Published: March 2017

Pada sentra olahan singkong di Kelurahan Ledok, terjadi pertumbuhan HBE baru yang terinspirasi oleh salah satu usaha rumah tangga, yaitu Getuk ‘Kethek’ Satu Rasa. Keberadaan usaha–usaha baru tersebut berdampak terhadap perkembangan kawasan yang dilihat dari perubahan aktivitas perekonomian masyarakat, perubahan fisik kawasan, penyerapan tenaga kerja yang lebih besar, dan peningkatan pendapatan pelaku usaha. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan UMKM berbasis rumah (HBE) pengolah pangan tradisional Getuk ‘Kethek’ Satu Rasa terhadap perkembangan kawasan di sekitarnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu mix method. Temuan studi yang diperoleh adalah terdapat perubahan fungsi ruang pada hunian yang dijadikan sebagai tempat usaha baik sebelum dan sesudahnya. Dalam hal penyerapan tenaga kerja, usaha–usaha tersebut berkontribusi sebesar 3,71% bagi Kelurahan Ledok. Dalam aspek ekonomi terjadi peningkatan pendapatan sebanyak 89% pelaku usaha memiliki pendapatan di atas UMK Kota Salatiga, yaitu Rp. 1.450.000. Dalam proses rantai nilai pada usaha-usaha yang ada terdapat kesamaan hubungan pada proses pemasaran distribusi produk.
Comparative Analysis of Various Control Strategies for a Nonlinear CSTR System
Authors: Madhu Sudhanan R. , Poongodi Dr. P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractContinuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a highly nonlinear process particularly when chemical reaction takes place. The heat energy will be either liberate or absorbed by the reactor due to the reaction. The control of temperature for this process is a real challenge due to nonlinear temperature changes during reaction. In this paper a mathematical model of CSTR with its transfer function is taken for controller design and analysis. The temperature inside the reactor is controlled by altering the coolant jacket temperature. This paper compares the performances of the proportional integral derivative controller (PID) controller, PID-based nonlinear autoregressive moving average (NARMA) controller and fuzzy-based PID controller. The proposed PID-based NARMA controller shows better control of temperature than the conventional PID controller. The fuzzy-based PID controller also shows a reasonable optimal performance.
Effects of L-thyroxine treatment on heart functions in infants with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Arslan Alev , Baş Veysel Nijat , Uytun Salih , Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Impaired heart functions in newborns with hypothyroidism should be reversed by levothyroxine substitution therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate heart functions with congenital hypothroidism (CH) in newborns and changes after levothyroxine substitution therapy, measured with tissue Doppler echocardiography and conventional echocardiography.Methods:The study included 30 neonates with CH and 34 healthy controls. Echocardiography were performed at baseline, 2nd week and 6th month of therapy.Results:Heart systolic function was normal. Mitral E velocities and mitral E/A ratios were significantly lower in patients at baseline. Tei indices were significantly higher in patients and a significant negative correlation was detected between free thyroxine levels and Tei indices.When early and late post-treatment echocardiography findings are compared, a non-significant difference was detected.Conclusions:Neonates with CH may exhibit systolic and diastolic heart dysfunction, which can be reversed by early L-T4 substitution treatment. The Tei index index should be measured in addition to conventional echocardiography.
Empirical likelihood for quantile regression models with response data missing at random
Authors: Luo S. , Pang Shuxia 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper studies quantile linear regression models with response data missing at random. A quantile empirical-likelihood-based method is proposed firstly to study a quantile linear regression model with response data missing at random. It follows that a class of quantile empirical log-likelihood ratios including quantile empirical likelihood ratio with complete-case data, weighted quantile empirical likelihood ratio and imputed quantile empirical likelihood ratio are defined for the regression parameters. Then, a bias-corrected quantile empirical log-likelihood ratio is constructed for the mean of the response variable for a given quantile level. It is proved that these quantile empirical log-likelihood ratios are asymptotically χ2 distribution. Furthermore, a class of estimators for the regression parameters and the mean of the response variable are constructed, and the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators is established. Our results can be used directly to construct the confidence intervals (regions) of the regression parameters and the mean of the response variable. Finally, simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance and a real-world data set is analyzed to illustrate the applications of the proposed method.
Modifying Games for Improved Aerobic Fitness and Skill Acquisition in Youth
Authors: Cronin John , Harrison Craig , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Spittle Michael 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
BY COMBINING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL GAME COMPONENTS WITH APPROPRIATE PHYSICAL LOADING, MODIFIED GAMES CAN PROVIDE AN IDEAL ENVIRONMENT FOR YOUNG ATHLETES TO DEVELOP AEROBIC FITNESS, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME ACCUMULATE PRECIOUS HOURS OF TECHNICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT. FURTHERMORE, MODIFIED GAMES PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PLAYERS TO DEVELOP THEIR DECISION-MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS UNDER STRESSFUL PHYSICAL LOADS, WHICH ARE CRITICAL FACTORS IN SUCCESSFUL LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THOSE CONSTRAINTS BELIEVED IMPORTANT IN OPTIMIZING AEROBIC FITNESS AND SKILL ACQUISITION IN YOUTH USING A MODIFIED GAMES APPROACH. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT DESCRIBING THIS ISSUE, SEE VIDEO, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A203.
Precision Sports Medicine: The Future of Advancing Health and Performance in Youth and Beyond
Authors: Montalvo Alicia M. , Tse-Dinh Yuk-Ching , Liu Yuan , Swartzon Michael , Hechtman Keith S. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
THE EMERGING FIELD OF PRECISION MEDICINE EMPHASIZES AN INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH TO PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE. USING INFORMATION FROM AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENETICS, ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE, EPIGENETICS, AND OTHER FIELDS IN PRECISION MEDICINE, PRACTITIONERS CAN MAXIMIZE RESOURCES BY TARGETING PATHOLOGY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE ON THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. HOWEVER, PRACTITIONERS MAY NOT BE AWARE OF TOPICS WITHIN THIS FIELD. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO INTRODUCE BASIC CONCEPTS IN PRECISION MEDICINE TO HIGHLIGHT THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION TO SPORTS MEDICINE AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SOME CURRENTLY AVAILABLE PRECISION MEDICINE CONCEPTS IN SPORT.
PENDIDIKAN ASWAJA NU DALAM KONTEKS PLURALISME
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad 
Published: March 2017

<p>BAHASA INDONESIA:</p><p>Tulisan ini berupaya memahami pendidikan aswaja NU dalam konteks pluralisme. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan aswaja NU bersifat plural, multikultural, toleran, tasamuh, tawazun, dan sejenisnya. <em>Lanaa a’maalana walakum a’malukum </em>(bagi kami perbuatan kami, bagui kamu perbuatan kamu); <em>lakum diinukum waliya diin </em>(bagimu agamamu, bagiku agamaku). Jadi pendidikan NU itu berwawasan pluralistik. Pendidikan aswaja NU mengatur hubungan antar manusia dalam tiga macam ikatan di atas, yang menuju kepada persaudaraan/ kerukunan berdasar saling mengerti dan menghornati. Persaudaraan/kerukunan yang diajarkan oleh Islam ini disebut dengan persaudaraan (ukhuwah) yang diajarkan oleh Islam. Dengan mengemukakan tri ukhuwah di atas, Nahdlatul Ulama menegaskan bahwa Islam mengajarkan persaudaraan dengan segala macam kelompok manusia; antara lain kelompok seagama, sebangsa, dan sesama manusia di dunia.</p><p> </p><p>ENGLISH:</p><p>This article tries to understand The education of ASWAJA NU in pluralism context. The result shows that The education of ASWAJA NU are plural, multicultural, tolerance, harmony, fair, and such like. Laana a’maluna walakum a’malukum (what I done is for me, and what you done is for you); lakum dinukum wa liyaa diin ( for you is your religion and for me is my religion). So NU’s view is pluralistic. The education of ASWAJA NU manages the relationship among mankind in those three relations that aims to brotherhood (Ukhuwah)/ harmony based on the understanding and respecting to each other. With those concepts, Nahdlatul Ulama emphasis that Islam teaches the brotherhood with all groups of mankind, including a group of religion, a group of nation, and all mankind in the world.</p>
POTRET PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH UMUM
Authors: Rouf Abd. 
Published: March 2017

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Praktik pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah (umum) amatlah minim atau kurang maksimal. Secara umum, jumlah jam pelajaran agama di sekolah rata-rata 2 jam per minggu. Dengan alokasi waktu seperti itu, jelas tidak mungkin untuk membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan agama yang memadai. Oleh karena itu, harus dilakukan strategi alternatif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik akan pendidikan agama di sekolah umum, antara lain: melalui kegiatan ekstra kurikuler berbasis keruhanian, tambahan-tambahan materi kegamaan di luar jam pelajaran, menyisipkan muatan keagamaan kedalam semua bidang studi umum, dan lain sebagainya. Sumber daya guru agama Islam juga perlu terus ditingkatkan kualitasnya, baik dari segi content maupun metodologi. Di samping itu, proses pelaksanaan pendidikan agama Islam harus selalu dilaksanakan dengan baik dan maksimal. Evaluasinya tidak cukup hanya menilai aspek kognitif siswa, tetapi harus juga melihat dan menilai aspek afektif dan psikomotoriknya. Ketiga domain (kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik) pendidikan agama Islam harus dilihat dalam pelaksanaan penilaian, sehingga bersifat komprehensif.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>Islamic education subject in secular school is quite minimal in its duration. Generally, it takes only two credit hours per week in such kind of school. Due to the time allocation, it is clearly impossible to hand down student standard religious knowledge, attitude, and skills. Therefore, the school needs to find an alternative way to respond the needs of standard religious education in secular schools. Some of the implemented strategies are the religious extra-curricular program, extra hours for the subject, and integrated the religious messages in non-religious subjects. Religious teaching staff must also be upgraded in terms of the quality, either the subject matter enrichment or the instructional process. In addition, the instructional process needs optimal implementation. The evaluation should cover the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor areas. The three previously mentioned domain in Islamic education subject must be carefully and comprehensively assessed.</p>
Prescribing pattern of drugs in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Murthy B. V. Narayana , V. Satyanarayana 
Published: March 2017

Background: CKD (chronic kidney disease) is a general term for heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney structure and its function. It is defined as either kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 or more months. Objective of present work is to study the drug utilization pattern in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods: After taking the clearance and approval from the institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional prospective observational study conducted on chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis, in the department of nephrology, of Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. The data was analyzed descriptively.Results: Study included 52 patients, among them 41 males, 11were females, with a mean age of 47.6yrs. In our study large number pt were suffering from hypertension (HTN) 88.46% (46), in them the calcium channel blocker (CCB) 08.48% (38) was most commonly prescribed anti hypertensive drug. Around 1/3 of pt suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) 36.53% (19) most of these patients were treated with them treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), and less than half of pt treated with insulin01.56% (07). Other drugs like phosphate binders (calcium carbonate & acetate) used in 11.16% (50), aspirin in 08.70% (39), statins in 10.04% (45) pt were being most commonly prescribed drugs. Totally 448 drugs were prescribed In 52 pts Ie about 8.61 drugs / prescription, showing poly pharmacy.Conclusions: Patients undergoing hemodialysis with CKD will be having multiple diseases associated, regular monitoring and counseling regarding these diseases and its complication may reduce the incidence of CKD and the mortality and morbidity associated. The poly pharmacy noted in the study found inevitable because of the multifactorial etiologiesinvolved and needful multi-interventional approach towards it.