bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic features in actinic cheilitis by the comparison of grading dysplasia systems
Authors: Pilati SFM , Bianco BC , Vieira DSC , Modolo F 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the histopathologic findings in actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) diagnosed at Federal University of Santa Catarina in order to attempt to predict the evolution from AC to LSCC based on the comparison of two dysplasia classification systems.MethodsHistopathologic features were evaluated according to the World Health Organization classification of dysplasia and binary system of classification. Also, in LSCC, pattern, stage of invasion, and degree of keratinization were evaluated. A total of 58 cases of AC and 70 cases of LSCC were studied, and data correlation was performed using statistical analysis.ResultsThe presence of dyskeratosis and keratin pearls was found to be strongly associated with severe dysplasia and could represent higher proximity between the severe dysplasia in AC and LSCC. Also, changes related to the nuclei, such as hyperchromasia, nuclear pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, increase in the number and size of nucleoli, increased number of mitoses, and atypical mitoses, indicate progression in dysplasia spectrum.ConclusionKnowledge of clinical and histological features of AC and LSCC leads to better understanding of factors possibly associated with malignant transformation of epithelial dysplasia.
Erythrocytapheresis for chronic transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease: survey of current practices and review of the literature
Authors: Kelly Shannon , Quirolo Keith , Marsh Anne , Neumayr Lynne , Garcia Alicia , Custer Brian 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDChronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion therapy (CTT) is an integral component of the management of severe sickle cell disease (SCD) and can prevent complications, such as stroke. RBC units can be administered via simple transfusion or exchange transfusion, and erythrocytapheresis (automated RBC exchange transfusion [aRBX]), is increasingly used for CTT. Comparisons of simple and aRBX transfusions are limited, and the current scope of aRBX use is not known.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe administered a survey to define current transfusion practices for CTT and performed a review of the erythrocytapheresis literature. The survey was disseminated to 62 SCD centers, and 31 institutions responded.RESULTSCollectively, 1274 of 12,644 patients (10.1%) received CCT, including 929 of 9324 children (10.0%) and 345 of 3320 adults (10.4%). The most common indication for CTT in children was a risk of stroke (86.8%), defined by abnormal transcranial Doppler, previous stroke, or abnormal brain imaging; whereas the most common indications in adults were previous stroke (37.5%) and recurrent/severe pain (29.0%). Simple transfusion was the most common method for children (480 of 919 children; 52.2%) followed by aRBX (344 of 919 children; 37.4%); whereas, in adults, aRBX was more common (180 of 345 adults; 52.2%) than simple transfusion (102 of 345 adults; 29.6%). A smaller percentage of patients received transfusion via manual exchange (7.2% of children and 16.5% of adults) or a combination of methods.CONCLUSIONSThe current literature review was conducted to summarize reported methods, outcomes, and adverse effects with aRBX. Comparisons between chronic simple and aRBX transfusions were included when possible, and areas warranting further study are highlighted.
Technical Note: Contrast free angiography of the pulmonary vasculature in live mice using a laboratory x‐ray source
Authors: Samarage Chaminda R. , Carnibella Richard , Preissner Melissa , Jones Heather D. , Pearson James T. , Fouras Andreas , Dubsky Stephen 
Published: October 2016

PurposeIn vivo imaging of the pulmonary vasculature in small animals is difficult yet highly desirable in order to allow study of the effects of a host of dynamic biological processes such as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Here the authors present an approach for the quantification of changes in the vasculature.MethodsA contrast free angiography technique is validated in silico through the use of computer‐generated images and in vivo through microcomputed tomography (μCT) of live mice conducted using a laboratory‐based x‐ray source. Subsequent image processing on μCT data allowed for the quantification of the caliber of pulmonary vasculature without the need for external contrast agents. These measures were validated by comparing with quantitative contrast microangiography in the same mice.ResultsQuantification of arterial diameters from the method proposed in this study is validated against laboratory‐based x‐ray contrast microangiography. The authors find that there is a high degree of correlation (R = 0.91) between measures from microangiography and their contrast free method.ConclusionsA technique for quantification of murine pulmonary vasculature without the need for contrast is presented. As such, this technique could be applied for longitudinal studies of animals to study changes to vasculature without the risk of premature death in sensitive mouse models of disease. This approach may also be of value in the clinical setting.
Time‐resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in head and neck cancer: Are pharmacokinetic parameters affected?
Authors: Panek Rafal , Schmidt Maria A. , Borri Marco , Koh Dow‐Mu , Riddell Angela , Welsh Liam , Dunlop Alex , Powell Ceri , Bhide Shreerang A. , Nutting Christopher M. , Harrington Kevin J. , Newbold Kate L. , Leach Martin O. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo investigate the effects of different time‐resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) k‐space undersampling schemes on calculated pharmacokinetic dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) vascular parameters.MethodsA digital perfusion phantom was employed to simulate effects of TWIST on characteristics of signal changes in DCE. Furthermore, DCE‐MRI was acquired without undersampling in a group of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and used to simulate a range of TWIST schemes. Errors were calculated as differences between reference and TWIST‐simulated DCE parameters. Parametrical error maps were used to display the averaged results from all tumors.ResultsFor a relatively wide range of undersampling schemes, errors in pharmacokinetic parameters due to TWIST were under 10% for the volume transfer constant, Ktrans, and total extracellular extravascular space volume, Ve. TWIST induced errors in the total blood plasma volume, Vp, were the largest observed, and these were inversely dependent on the area of the fully sampled k‐space. The magnitudes of errors were not correlated with Ktrans, Vp and weakly correlated with Ve.ConclusionsThe authors demonstrated methods to validate and optimize k‐space view‐sharing techniques for pharmacokinetic DCE studies using a range of clinically relevant spatial and temporal patient derived data. The authors found a range of undersampling patterns for which the TWIST sequence can be reliably used in pharmacokinetic DCE‐MRI. The parameter maps created in the study can help to make a decision between temporal and spatial resolution demands and the quality of enhancement curve characterization.
What factors predict length of stay in a neonatal unit: a systematic review
Authors: Seaton Sarah E , Barker Lisa , Jenkins David , Draper Elizabeth S , Abrams Keith R , Manktelow Bradley N 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveIn the UK, 1 in 10 babies require specialist neonatal care. This care can last from hours to months depending on the need of the baby. The increasing survival of very preterm babies has increased neonatal care resource use. Evidence from multiple studies is crucial to identify factors which may be important for predicting length of stay (LOS). The ability to predict LOS is vital for resource planning, decision-making and parent counselling. The objective of this review was to identify which factors are important to consider when predicting LOS in the neonatal unit.DesignA systematic review was undertaken which searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus for papers from 1994 to 2016 (May) for research investigating prediction of neonatal LOS. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Quality of each study was discussed, but not used as a reason for exclusion from the review.Main outcome measurePrediction of LOS in the neonatal unit.Results9 studies were identified which investigated the prediction of neonatal LOS indicating a lack of evidence in the area. Inherent factors, particularly birth weight, sex and gestational age allow for a simple and objective prediction of LOS, which can be calculated on the first day of life. However, other early occurring factors may well also be important and estimates may need revising throughout the baby's stay in hospital.ConclusionsPredicting LOS is vital to aid the commissioning of services and to help clinicians in their counselling of parents. The lack of evidence in this area indicates a need for larger studies to investigate methods of accurately predicting LOS.
Short-term and medium-term survival of critically ill patients with solid tumours admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Fisher Richard , Dangoisse Carole , Crichton Siobhan , Whiteley Craig , Camporota Luigi , Beale Richard , Ostermann Marlies 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesPatients with cancer frequently require unplanned admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objectives were to assess hospital and 180-day mortality in patients with a non-haematological malignancy and unplanned ICU admission and to identify which factors present on admission were the best predictors of mortality.DesignRetrospective review of all patients with a diagnosis of solid tumours following unplanned admission to the ICU between 1 August 2008 and 31 July 2012.SettingSingle centre tertiary care hospital in London (UK).Participants300 adult patients with non-haematological solid tumours requiring unplanned admission to the ICU.InterventionsNone.Primary and secondary outcomesHospital and 180-day survival.Results300 patients were admitted to the ICU (median age 66.5 years; 61.7% men). Survival to hospital discharge and 180 days were 69% and 47.8%, respectively. Greater number of failed organ systems on admission was associated with significantly worse hospital survival (p<0.001) but not with 180-day survival (p=0.24). In multivariate analysis, predictors of hospital mortality were the presence of metastases (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.59), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) Score (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13) and a Glasgow Coma Scale Score <7 on admission to ICU (OR 5.21, 95% CI 1.65 to 16.43). Predictors of worse 180-day survival were the presence of metastases (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.57 to 5.06), APACHE II Score (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13) and sepsis (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.38).ConclusionsShort-term and medium-term survival in patients with solid tumours admitted to ICU is better than previously reported, suggesting that the presence of cancer alone should not be a barrier to ICU admission.
Self-reported sleep disturbance and incidence of dementia in ageing men
Authors: Luojus Maria K , Lehto Soili M , Tolmunen Tommi , Brem Anna-Katharine , Lönnroos Eija , Kauhanen Jussi 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundSleep disturbance is suggested to contribute to the development of dementia. However, prospective longitudinal data from middle-aged populations are scarce.MethodsWe investigated a population-based sample of 2386 men aged 42–62 years at baseline during 1984–1989. Participants having a history of mental illnesses, psychiatric medication, Parkinson's disease or dementia within 2 years after baseline (n=296) were excluded. Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, sleep duration and daytime tiredness were enquired. Dementia diagnoses (n=287) between 1984 and 2014 were obtained through linkage with hospital discharge, national death and special reimbursement registers. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed for all dementias, and separately for Alzheimer's disease (n=234) and other phenotypes (n=53). Additional analyses were performed on a subsample of an apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype-tested population (n=1199).ResultsThe risk ratio for dementia was 1.58 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.27) in men with frequent sleep disturbance after adjustments for age, examination year, elevated depressive symptoms, physical activity, alcohol consumption, cumulative smoking history, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, cardiovascular disease history, education years and living alone. Daytime tiredness and sleep duration were not associated with dementia in adjusted analysis. In theAPOEsubsample, bothAPOEε4 genotype and frequent sleep disturbance were associated with increased dementia risk, but in the interaction analysis they had no joint effect.ConclusionsSelf-reported frequent sleep disturbance in middle-aged men may relate to the development of dementia in later life. Having anAPOEε4 genotype did not affect the relationship.
High-risk behaviour and HIV infection risk among non-local men who have sex with men with less than a single year's residence in urban centres: a multicentre cross-sectional study from China
Authors: Yu Yan-qiu , Xu Jun-jie , Hu Qing-hai , Yan Hong-Jing , Wang Zhe , Lu Lin , Zhuang Ming-hua , Chen Xi , Fu Ji-hua , Qin Yi-lu , Jiang Yong-jun , Geng Wen-qing , Shang Hong 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTraditionally, subjects' migration status has usually been defined on the basis of their registered residency status. We attempted to redefine migration based on the duration of residency in their cities of migration and to explore more precisely the impact of migration on HIV infection risk in men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsA multisite cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012–2013 in seven Chinese cities. Questionnaire surveys were conducted and blood was drawn to test for antibodies to HIV, syphilis and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). MSM who were unregistered local residents and had resided in their cities of migration for ≤1 or >1 year were defined as migrant MSM, or transitional MSM, respectively.ResultsCompared with transitional MSM and local MSM, migrant MSM had poorer HIV knowledge and higher rates of high-risk behaviour, including earlier sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, participation in commercial sex and recreational drug use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HIV prevalence among migrant MSM was higher than local MSM (p<0.05). This relationship, however, did not hold for transitional MSM and local MSM (p>0.05). Male sex work, recreational drug use, syphilis infection and HSV-2 infection were independently associated with HIV infection among migrant MSM.ConclusionsNon-local MSM with shorter residence were at greater risk of HIV acquisition. More focus should be placed on HIV behavioural interventions targeting non-local MSM with temporary residence.
Fatal pneumothorax in a dog caused by a lesion resembling congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) of children
Authors: Knight Cameron , Malaguti Lorenza , Rajotte Sophie , Rosa Brielle , Wright James 
Published: October 2016

An 8 month old boxer dog was referred for management of acute spontaneous pneumothorax. CT showed multiple variably sized bullae in the right middle lung lobe, and partial or complete atelectasis of all remaining lung lobes. This was assumed to be a case of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). The dog was anaesthetised for surgery but died from cardiopulmonary arrest during presurgical thoracocentesis. Postmortem examination confirmed that ruptured bullae in the right middle lung lobe were responsible for the dog's pneumothorax and death. In addition, a malformation of the right subclavian artery was present. Histologically, the right middle lung lobe and primary bronchus were malformed, with microscopic changes resembling those of human congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), rather than CLE. CPAM has not been reported in the veterinary literature and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.
Effect of Swim Training on the Physical Characteristics of Competitive Adolescent Swimmers
Authors: Hibberd Elizabeth E. , Laudner Kevin G. , Kucera Kristen L. , Berkoff David J. , Yu Bing , Myers Joseph B. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Subacromial space distance and forward head and shoulder posture are common characteristics resulting from swim training. These alterations can cause abnormal scapular kinematics and positioning, potentially increasing compression of structures in the subacromial space and increasing the risk for the development of swimmer’s shoulder. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the swim training season on subacromial space distance and forward head and forward shoulder posture as well as to determine the relationship between these variables. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Included in the study were 43 competitive adolescent swimmers and 29 nonoverhead adolescent athletes (controls) who were not currently experiencing any shoulder, neck, or back pain that limited their participation in sports activity. All participants were evaluated 3 times: once before the start of the swim training season and then at 2 follow-up sessions 6 and 12 weeks after the initial testing session. At each testing session, each participant completed a physical examination that included evaluation of posture and subacromial space distance. Results: Swimmers had significantly greater decreases in subacromial space distance during the training season compared with nonoverhead athletes. Swimmers also demonstrated significantly greater increases in forward shoulder posture compared with nonoverhead athletes. A significant relationship was noted between changes in forward shoulder posture and changes in subacromial space distance from the baseline testing session to the assessment 6 weeks after baseline assessment. As forward shoulder posture increased, subacromial space significantly decreased. Conclusion: Because of their training load, swimmers experience a decrease in subacromial space distance and an increase in forward shoulder posture over the course of 12 weeks of training, potentially making these athletes more vulnerable to the development of shoulder pain and injury.
Territories of Engagement in the Design of Ecohumanist Healthcare Environments
Authors: Peters Terri , Verderber Stephen 
Published: October 2016

Background: Increasingly, architectural and allied designers, engineers, and healthcare facility administrators are being challenged to demonstrate success in adroitly identifying and contextualizing ever-shifting and expanding spheres of knowledge with respect to the role of energy conservation and carbon neutrality in healthcare treatment environments and their immediate exterior environs. Aim: This calls for making sense of an unprecedented volume of information on building energy usage and interdigitizing complex and at times contradictory goals with the daily requirements of building occupants. Ecohumanist Design Strategies: In response, a multidimensional framework is put forth with the aim of advancing theory and practice in the realm of designers’, direct caregivers’, and administrators’ engagement with ecohumanist design strategies in the creation of ecohumanist healthcare environments. Conclusions: Ten territories for engagement are presented that both individually and collectively express salient themes and streams of inquiry in theory and practice, within an operative framework placing the patient, the patient’s significant others, and the caregiver at the center of the relationship between the built environment and occupant well-being.
Erythropoietin modulation is associated with improved homing and engraftment after umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Aljitawi Omar S. , Paul Soumen , Ganguly Avishek , Lin Tara L. , Ganguly Sid , Vielhauer George , Capitano Maegan L. , Cantilena Amy , Lipe Brea , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Wise Amanda , Berry Abigale , Singh Anurag K. , Shune Leyla , Lominska Christopher , Abhyankar Sunil , Allin Dennis , Laughlin Mary , McGuirk Joseph P. , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: October 2016

Key Points
EPO-EPOR signaling reduces UCB CD34+ HSPC engraftment through inhibition of BM homing and enhancement of erythroid differentiation. When used in clinical UCB transplantation, HBO therapy is safe and reduces EPO serum levels, potentially improving blood count recovery.
Transforming Prior Authorization to Decision Support
Authors: Newcomer Lee N. , Weininger Richard , Carlson Robert W. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose: To evaluate a computer-based prior authorization system that was designed to include and test two new concepts for physician review: (1) the tool would minimize denials by providing real-time decision support with alternative options if the original request was noncompliant, and (2) the tool would collect sufficient information to create a patient registry. Methods: A new prior authorization tool incorporating real-time decision support was tested with a large national payer. The tool used the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology as the content for decision making. Physicians were asked to submit the minimal amount of clinical data necessary to reach a treatment-decision node within the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. To minimize denials, all available recommended treatments were displayed for physician consideration and immediate authorization was granted for any compliant selection. Results: During a 1-year pilot in a Florida commercial health plan, 4,272 eligible cases were reviewed with only 42 denials. Chemotherapy drug costs for the prior authorization pilot were compared with a similar time period in the previous year for the state of Florida, as well as for the Southeast region and for the nation, which served as controls. The percentage change between the time periods was −9% in Florida, 10% for the national costs, and 11% for the Southeast region costs. The difference between the regional increase and the Florida decrease represented a savings of $5.3 million dollars for the state of Florida in 1 year. Conclusion: There is significant opportunity to reduce the costs of therapy while being compliant with nationally accepted guidelines for cancer chemotherapy.