bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Diagnostics Xpress™ LM Kit for the Rapid Detection of Listeria monocytogenes from Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Stumpf Curtis H , Bullard Brian , Zhoa Weidong , Kuzenko-Hentosh Stephanie , Niehaus Gary D 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Crystal Diagnostics (CDx) Xpress™ LM kit is used for rapid screening of low concentrations of Listeria monocytogenes on environmental surfaces such as stainless steel, plastic, and ceramic tile. In addition to the Xpress LM kit, the CDx Xpress System comprises an automatic Xpress Reader,a BioCassette™ that incorporates antibody-coupled microspheres, and liquid crystal for selective identification of the intended microbe. All 56 of the 56 tested L. monocytogenes strains evaluated were detected, and 50 of the 50 nontarget bacterial strains were excluded when the test was conducted under the described kit conditions. Shelf-life testing of the antibody-coated microspheres and other CDx consumables indicated that all materials were stable for a minimum of 6 months (ongoing), and lot-to-lot testing demonstrated no significant differences among lots. The internal and independent laboratory tests on stainless steel, plastic, and ceramic tile surfa es demonstrated that the method is equivalent to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reference method, and there were no significant differences between the CDx Xpress LM kit presumptive and confirmed results for any of the matrixes. Overall, the CDx Xpress LM kit is one of the fastest to provide the sensitivity and specificity equivalent to the USDA reference method in screening low levels of L. monocytogenes surface contamination and, when combined with chromogenic culturing of presumptive positives, provides a streamlined confirmation process to rapidly and accurately differentiate L. monocytogenes from other microbes.
Consommer la cigarette, le cannabis à l’adolescence : quête identitaire et vulnérabilité dans le parcours de consommation
Authors: Sahed Imaine 
Published: November 2016

Consommer la cigarette ou le cannabis fait partie de la norme culturelle adolescente1. Il s’agit, à cette étape de la vie, d’une expérience généralisée. Cependant, si à cet âge certains jeunes (filles et garçons) ne font qu’expérimenter, d’autres intensifient progressivement la fréquence de l’usage. Pour comprendre ces différences, l’article interroge le rôle des parents dans la façon dont l’adolescent réagit à l’influence culturelle de ses pairs. L’entretien individuel biographique apparaît être la méthode d’enquête la plus appropriée pour explorer empiriquement le rôle des parents dans le parcours de consommation de substances au cours de l’adolescence. Nous avons mené des entretiens biographiques auprès de quarante-quatre lycéens de la région parisienne en France. Notre échantillon a été constitué par la méthode boule de neige. L’originalité de cet article tient à la façon dont il mobilise le concept de vulnérabilité pour comprendre la consommation de substances psychoactives à l’adolescence : la vulnérabilité de l’adolescent désigne une situation dans laquelle il n’a pas trouvé auprès de ses parents un point de repère normatif à partir duquel organiser son système de valeurs et orienter son comportement. Dès lors, la consommation de cigarettes et de cannabis se révèle être un bon indicateur d’un dysfonctionnement des pratiques parentales et une réponse de l’adolescent à une situation de vulnérabilité.
Efficacité de l’approche « logement d’abord » : une revue systématique
Authors: Beaudoin Isabelle 
Published: November 2016

Les personnes itinérantes aux prises avec des problèmes de santé mentale et de toxicomanie qui souhaitent obtenir un logement se butent à des programmes dans lesquels l’abstinence et les traitements psychiatriques sont obligatoires. Ce type de programmes se base sur l’approche « traitement d’abord » selon laquelle ces personnes doivent d’abord être traitées avant de pouvoir aller en logement.
Cette approche est remise en question et un changement de paradigme s’opère à la suite de l’implantation aux États-Unis du modèle Pathways to Housing. Ce modèle est fondé sur le principe qu’une personne doit être logée avant de pouvoir se concentrer sur ses autres besoins. Les logements privés sont privilégiés dans ce modèle et ceux-ci sont offerts conjointement avec un soutien d’intensité variable ou un suivi intensif dans la communauté.
Le modèle Pathways to Housing a influencé la création de plusieurs programmes hybrides basés sur l’approche « logement d’abord » combinée à une offre de services et de logements diversifiés. Cette approche est basée sur la même philosophie d’obligation minimale que le modèle original, voulant que les personnes n’aient pas à être abstinentes ou à suivre un traitement psychiatrique pour accéder à un logement.
Au Canada, le gouvernement envisage de subventionner principalement les programmes basés sur cette approche. Cette annonce a mené à un soulèvement au Québec, notamment en raison des logements sociaux qui y sont actuellement priorisés.
Cet article présente les résultats d’une revue systématique de la littérature réalisée afin de statuer sur l’efficacité des programmes basés sur l’approche « logement d’abord ».
Les résultats de cette revue nous permettent de conclure que la mise en place au Québec de programmes basés sur cette approche devrait être favorisée. Les modalités et interventions offertes dans ces programmes auraient également avantage à être diversifiées.
Toxicomanie et parentalité chez les jeunes en difficulté : les enjeux d’une transition
Authors: Emard Anne-Marie , Gilbert Sophie 
Published: November 2016

L’arrivée d’un enfant dans la vie de parents consommant des drogues – des parents surreprésentés dans les cas de mauvais traitements rapportés aux instances de la protection de la jeunesse – peut être considérée comme un tremplin afin de se sortir de son mode de vie de consommation. Par contre, ce levier, à lui seul, est rarement suffisant pour soutenir un réel changement dans la trajectoire de ces jeunes, marquée par la progressive désinscription sociale et l’actuel risque d’intervention par les services de protection de l’enfance.À partir d’entretiens réalisés dans le cadre d’une recherche de plus grande envergure sur la parentalité chez les « jeunes adultes en difficulté », notre étude a pour objectif de mieux comprendre l’expérience de la parentalité jumelée à la consommation de drogue chez des jeunes vivant en contexte de précarité socioéconomique, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la manière dont ces parents investissent leur enfant et leur consommation de drogue.L’analyse par « catégories conceptualisantes » a été utilisée afin de soutenir une modélisation de la place de cet enfant et du rôle de la consommation de drogue dans le parcours de ces jeunes parents. En découlent de nouvelles pistes pour l’intervention auprès de cette clientèle présentant des défis majeurs pour les cliniciens.
Absent yet Present: On the Paradoxical Nature of Characters in Nabokov’s The Real Life of Sebastian Knight
Authors: Marchesini Irina 
Published: November 2016

The present research is focused on the theme of absence, an area of inquiry that might seem dominant in the field of Nabokov Studies. The analysis, which concentrates in particular on the key figures of the novel The Real Life of Sebastian Knight (1941), notably the narrator V. and the poet Sebastian Knight, interprets the characters’ construction through the paradigm of absence. Arguably, the construction of characters in The Real Life of Sebastian Knight is paradoxical: absence constitutes their essence at a core level, as it often happens in the context of the self-conscious genre. Moreover, absence plays a key role in characters’ design, linking them to all Nabokovian novels. However, despite their innermost ‘flatness’, to use Edward M. Forster’s terminology, they still appear to be ‘round’, i.e. plausible, mimetic figures.
«Прошу [...] не гневаться моим вопросам»: норвежский профессор Олаф Брок как переводчик (из истории российско-норвежских научных связей)
Authors: Lönngren Tamara 
Published: November 2016

The article ""I ask you not to be annoyed at my questions": the Norwegian Professor Olaf Broch as translator (from the history of Russian-Norwegian connections)" is devoted to the translation activity of the first Professor of Slavic languages Olaf Broch, who is known primarily as a linguist. The article is based on facts previously unknown: the correspondence Olaf Broch had with the Russian academician Alexei Shakhmatov. The comparison of the translations of the fragment from the novel by Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina illustrates how Olaf Broch endeavoured to translate correctly difficult words and received assistance from his Russian friend and colleague. The publication of this archival material fills one of the gaps in the scientific biography of the famous Norwegian linguist.
Reconstruction of rocks petrophysical properties as input data for reservoir modeling
Authors: Cantucci B. , Montegrossi G. , Lucci F. , Quattrocchi F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe worldwide increasing energy demand triggered studies focused on defining the underground energy potential even in areas previously discharged or neglected. Nowadays, geological gas storage (CO2 and/or CH4) and geothermal energy are considered strategic for low‐carbon energy development. A widespread and safe application of these technologies needs an accurate characterization of the underground, in terms of geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and geomechanics. However, during prefeasibility study‐stage, the limited number of available direct measurements of reservoirs, and the high costs of reopening closed deep wells must be taken into account. The aim of this work is to overcome these limits, proposing a new methodology to reconstruct vertical profiles, from surface to reservoir base, of: (i) thermal capacity, (ii) thermal conductivity, (iii) porosity, and (iv) permeability, through integration of well‐log information, petrographic observations on inland outcropping samples, and flow and heat transport modeling. As case study to test our procedure we selected a deep structure, located in the medium Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Obtained results are consistent with measured data, confirming the validity of the proposed model. Notwithstanding intrinsic limitations due to manual calibration of the model with measured data, this methodology represents an useful tool for reservoir and geochemical modelers that need to define petrophysical input data for underground modeling before the well reopening.
Compositional layering within the large low shear‐wave velocity provinces in the lower mantle
Authors: Ballmer Maxim D. , Schumacher Lina , Lekic Vedran , Thomas Christine , Ito Garrett 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe large low shear‐wave velocity provinces (LLSVP) are thermochemical anomalies in the deep Earth's mantle, thousands of km wide and ∼1800 km high. This study explores the hypothesis that the LLSVPs are compositionally subdivided into two domains: a primordial bottom domain near the core‐mantle boundary and a basaltic shallow domain that extends from 1100 to 2300 km depth. This hypothesis reconciles published observations in that it predicts that the two domains have different physical properties (bulk‐sound versus shear‐wave speed versus density anomalies), the transition in seismic velocities separating them is abrupt, and both domains remain seismically distinct from the ambient mantle. We here report underside reflections from the top of the LLSVP shallow domain, supporting a compositional origin. By exploring a suite of two‐dimensional geodynamic models, we constrain the conditions under which well‐separated “double‐layered” piles with realistic geometry can persist for billions of years. Results show that long‐term separation requires density differences of ∼100 kg/m3 between LLSVP materials, providing a constraint for origin and composition. The models further predict short‐lived “secondary” plumelets to rise from LLSVP roofs and to entrain basaltic material that has evolved in the lower mantle. Long‐lived, vigorous “primary” plumes instead rise from LLSVP margins and entrain a mix of materials, including small fractions of primordial material. These predictions are consistent with the locations of hot spots relative to LLSVPs, and address the geochemical and geochronological record of (oceanic) hot spot volcanism. The study of large‐scale heterogeneity within LLSVPs has important implications for our understanding of the evolution and composition of the mantle.
Holocene glacial activity in Barilari Bay, west Antarctic Peninsula, tracked by magnetic mineral assemblages: Linking ice, ocean, and atmosphere
Authors: Reilly Brendan T. , Natter Carl J. , Brachfeld Stefanie A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe investigate the origin and fate of lithogenic sediments using magnetic mineral assemblages in Barilari Bay, west Antarctic Peninsula (AP) from sediment cores recovered during the Larsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA) NBP10‐01 cruise. To quantify and reconstruct Holocene changes in covarying magnetic mineral assemblages, we adopt an unsupervised mathematical unmixing strategy and apply it to measurements of magnetic susceptibility as a function of increasing temperature. Comparisons of the unmixed end‐members with magnetic observations of northwestern AP bedrock and the spatial distribution of magnetic mineral assemblages within the fjord, allow us to identify source regions, including signatures for “inner bay,” “outer bay,” and “northwestern AP” sources. We find strong evidence that supports the establishment of a late Holocene ice shelf in the fjord coeval with the Little Ice Age. Additionally, we present new evidence for late Holocene sensitivity to conditions akin to positive mean Southern Annual Mode states for western AP glaciers at their advanced Neoglacial positions.
Long temporal autocorrelations in tropical precipitation data and spike train prototypes
Authors: Abbott Tristan H. , Stechmann Samuel N. , Neelin J. David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTemporal precipitation autocorrelations drop slower than exponentially at long lags, and there is a range from tens to thousands of minutes where it is relevant to ask if a scale‐free process might underlie the long autocorrelations. A simple stochastic model in which precipitation appears as variable‐length spikes provides a reasonable prototype for this behavior. In both observations and the model, separating the component of the autocorrelation within wet events from the interevent contribution suggests long autocorrelation behavior is primarily associated with the latter. When precipitation spikes are short compared to dry events, a true power law is obtained with analytical exponent −0.5 and precipitation autocorrelation is determined by dry‐spell model parameters. In more realistic cases, wet‐spell termination is also important. Although a variety of apparent power law exponents can be obtained for different parameters, the fundamental long‐lag process appears to be that of the interevent correlation.
The interplanetary and magnetospheric causes of extreme dB/dt at equatorial locations
Authors: Adebesin Babatunde O. , Pulkkinen Antti , Ngwira Chigomezyo M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe 1 min resolution solar wind and geomagnetic data obtained from seven equatorial/low‐latitude stations during four extreme geomagnetic activities are used to investigate the extreme dB/dt perturbations. Simulations of the magnetospheric‐ionospheric environment were also performed for varying amplitudes of the solar proton density. Simulations were carried out using the Space Weather Modeling Framework/BATS‐R‐US + RCM model. Both the observations and simulations demonstrated that the appearance time of the extreme dB/dt perturbations at equatorial stations during disturbed conditions is instantaneous and equitable to those experienced at auroral regions yielding time lags of the order of a few seconds. We find that the rapid dB/dt enhancements are caused by the electric field of magnetospheric current origin, which is being enhanced by solar wind density and ram pressure variations and boosted by the equatorial electrojet. Our results indicate that the solar wind proton density variations could be used as a predictor of extreme dB/dt enhancement at equatorial latitudes.
Van Allen Probes observations of cross‐scale coupling between electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and higher‐frequency wave modes
Authors: Colpitts C. A. , Cattell C. A. , Engebretson M. , Broughton M. , Tian S. , Wygant J. , Breneman A. , Thaller S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present observations of higher‐frequency (~50–2500 Hz, ~0.1–0.7 fce) wave modes modulated at the frequency of colocated lower frequency (0.5–2 Hz, on the order of fci) waves. These observations come from the Van Allen Probes Electric Field and Waves instrument's burst mode data and represent the first observations of coupling between waves in these frequency ranges. The higher‐frequency wave modes, typically whistler mode hiss and chorus or magnetosonic waves, last for a few to a few tens of seconds but are in some cases observed repeatedly over several hours. The higher‐frequency waves are observed to be unmodulated before and after the presence of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, but when the EMIC waves are present, the amplitude of the higher‐frequency waves drops to the instrument noise level once every EMIC wave cycle. Such modulation could significantly impact wave‐particle interactions such as acceleration and pitch angle scattering, which are crucial in the formation and depletion of the radiation belts. We present one case study with broadband, high‐frequency waves observed to be modulated by EMIC waves repeatedly over a 2 h time span on both spacecraft. Finally, we show two additional case studies where other high‐frequency wave modes exhibit similar modulation.
Cassini plasma observations of Saturn's magnetospheric cusp
Authors: Jasinski Jamie M. , Arridge Christopher S. , Coates Andrew J. , Jones Geraint H. , Sergis Nick , Thomsen Michelle F. , Reisenfeld Daniel B. , Krupp Norbert , Waite J. Hunter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe magnetospheric cusp is a funnel‐shaped region where shocked solar wind plasma is able to enter the high‐latitude magnetosphere via the process of magnetic reconnection. The plasma observations include various cusp signatures such as ion energy dispersions and diamagnetic effects. We present an overview analysis of cusp plasma observations at the Saturnian magnetosphere from the Cassini spacecraft era. A comparison of the observations is made as well as classification into groups due to varying characteristics. The locations of the reconnection site are calculated and shown to vary along the subsolar magnetopause. We show the first in situ evidence for lobe reconnection that occurred at nearly the same time as dayside reconnection for one of the cusp crossings. Evidence for “bursty” and more “continuous” reconnection signatures is observed at different cusp events. The events are compared to solar wind propagation models, and it is shown that magnetic reconnection and plasma injection into the cusp can occur for a variety of upstream conditions. These are important results because they show that Saturn's magnetospheric interaction with the solar wind and the resulting cusp signatures are dynamic and that plasma injection in the cusp occurs due to a variety of solar wind conditions. Furthermore, reconnection can proceed at a variety of locations along the magnetopause.
Comparison of Van Allen Probes radiation belt proton data with test particle simulation for the 17 March 2015 storm
Authors: Engel M. A. , Kress B. T. , Hudson M. K. , Selesnick R. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe loss of protons in the outer part of the inner radiation belt (L = 2 to 3) during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm was investigated using test particle simulations that follow full Lorentz trajectories with both magnetic and electric fields calculated from an empirical model. The simulation results presented here are compared with proton pitch angle measurements from the Van Allen Probe satellites Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument before and after the coronal mass ejection‐shock‐driven storm of 17–18 March 2015, with minimum Dst =− 223 nT, the strongest storm of Solar Cycle 24, for four different energy ranges with 30, 38, 50, and 66 MeV mean energies. Two simulations have been run, one with an inductive electric field and one without. All four energy channels show good agreement with the Van Allen Probes REPT measurements for low L (L < 2.4) in both simulations but diverge for higher L values. The inclusion of the inductive electric field, calculated from the time‐changing magnetic field, significantly improves the agreement between simulation and REPT measurements at L > 2.4. A previous study using the Highly Elliptical Orbiter 3 spacecraft also showed improved agreement when including the inductive electric field but was unable to compare effects on the pitch angle distributions.
A simple lightning assimilation technique for improving retrospective WRF simulations
Authors: Heath Nicholas K. , Pleim Jonathan E. , Gilliam Robert C. , Kang Daiwen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConvective rainfall is often a large source of error in retrospective modeling applications. In particular, positive rainfall biases commonly exist during summer months due to overactive convective parameterizations. In this study, lightning assimilation was applied in the Kain‐Fritsch (KF) convective scheme to improve retrospective simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The assimilation method has a straightforward approach: force KF deep convection where lightning is observed and, optionally, suppress deep convection where lightning is absent. WRF simulations were made with and without lightning assimilation over the continental United States for July 2012, July 2013, and January 2013. The simulations were evaluated against NCEP stage‐IV precipitation data and MADIS near‐surface meteorological observations. In general, the use of lightning assimilation considerably improves the simulation of summertime rainfall. For example, the July 2012 monthly averaged bias of 6 h accumulated rainfall is reduced from 0.54 to 0.07 mm and the spatial correlation is increased from 0.21 to 0.43 when lightning assimilation is used. Statistical measures of near‐surface meteorological variables also are improved. Consistent improvements also are seen for the July 2013 case. These results suggest that this lightning assimilation technique has the potential to substantially improve simulation of warm‐season rainfall in retrospective WRF applications.