bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal mechanisms in impaired spatial learning and memory in male offspring of rats fed a low‐protein isocaloric diet in pregnancy and/or lactation
Authors: Reyes‐Castro L. A. , Padilla‐Gómez E. , Parga‐Martínez N. J. , Castro‐Rodríguez D. C. , Quirarte G. L. , Díaz‐Cintra S. , Nathanielsz P. W. , Zambrano E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMaternal nutritional challenges during fetal and neonatal development result in developmental programming of multiple offspring organ systems including brain maturation and function. A maternal low‐protein diet during pregnancy and lactation impairs associative learning and motivation. We evaluated effects of a maternal low‐protein diet during gestation and/or lactation on male offspring spatial learning and hippocampal neural structure. Control mothers (C) ate 20% casein and restricted mothers (R) 10% casein, providing four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy, second lactation diet). We evaluated the behavior of young adult male offspring around postnatal day 110. Corticosterone and ACTH were measured. Males were tested for 2 days in the Morris water maze (MWM). Stratum lucidum mossy fiber (MF) area, total and spine type in basal dendrites of stratum oriens in the hippocampal CA3 field were measured. Corticosterone and ACTH were higher in RR vs. CC. In the MWM acquisition test CC offspring required two, RC three, and CR seven sessions to learn the maze. RR did not learn in eight trials. In a retention test 24 h later, RR, CR, and RC spent more time locating the platform and performed fewer target zone entries than CC. RR and RC offspring spent less time in the target zone than CC. MF area, total, and thin spines were lower in RR, CR, and RC than CC. Mushroom spines were lower in RR and RC than CC. Stubby spines were higher in RR, CR, and RC than CC. We conclude that maternal low‐protein diet impairs spatial acquisition and memory retention in male offspring, and that alterations in hippocampal presynaptic (MF), postsynaptic (spines) elements and higher glucocorticoid levels are potential mechanisms to explain these learning and memory deficits.
An analytical study on three‐dimensional versus two‐dimensional water table‐induced flow patterns in a Tóthian basin
Authors: Wang Jun‐Zhi , Jiang Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Wan Li , Wang Xu‐Sheng , Li Hailong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough it has been increasingly acknowledged that groundwater flow pattern is complicated in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) domain, two‐dimensional (2‐D) water table‐induced flow models are still widely used to delineate basin‐scale groundwater circulation. However, the validity of 2‐D cross‐sectional flow field induced by water table has been seldom examined. Here, we derive the analytical solution of 3‐D water table‐induced hydraulic head in a Tóthian basin and then examine the validity of 2‐D cross‐sectional models by comparing the flow fields of selected cross sections calculated by the 2‐D cross‐sectional model with those by the 3‐D model, which represents the “true” cases. For cross sections in the recharge or discharge area of the 3‐D basin, even if head difference is not significant, the 2‐D cross‐sectional models result in flow patterns absolutely different from the true ones. For the cross section following the principal direction of groundwater flow, although 2‐D cross‐sectional models would overestimate the penetrating depth of local flow systems and underestimate the recharge/discharge flux, the flow pattern from the cross‐sectional model is similar to the true one and could be close enough to the true one by adjusting the decay exponent and anisotropy ratio of permeability. Consequently, to determine whether a 2‐D cross‐sectional model is applicable, a comparison of hydraulic head difference between 2‐D and 3‐D solutions is not enough. Instead, the similarity of flow pattern should be considered to determine whether a cross‐sectional model is applicable. This study improves understanding of groundwater flow induced by more natural water table undulations in the 3‐D domain and the limitations of 2‐D models accounting for cross‐sectional water table undulation only.
Safety and efficacy of a novel three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging model for uterine incision in placenta previa
Authors: Cao Yanwen , Wei Yanxing , Yu Yanhong , Wang Zhijian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a novel three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model for determining position of uterine incision during cesarean delivery among patients with placenta previa.MethodsA prospective study was conducted among women with singleton pregnancies complicated by placenta previa who delivered by cesarean at a hospital in China between January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2016. Patients chose whether to undergo 3D MRI modeling to guide uterine incision (study group) or the standard intervention (control group). Medical records were reviewed to collect data on maternal, neonatal, and operative characteristics.ResultsAmong 134 women enrolled, 45 were in the study group and 89 in the control group. When compared with the control group, patients in the study group experienced less intraoperative blood loss (678.65 ± 649.54 vs 933.96 ± 695.25 mL; P=0.042) and shorter operative times (65.13 ± 27.38 vs 86.88 ± 54.43 minutes; P=0.013). Fewer patients in the study group received transfusions (11 [24%] vs 38 [43%]; P=0.038). No between‐group differences were found for hysterectomy rate, hospitalization days and cost, or neonatal outcomes.ConclusionUterine incision guided by a 3D MRI model could improve maternal outcomes during cesarean delivery, including reductions in intraoperative blood loss, transfusion frequency, and operative time.
Clinical outcomes after external cephalic version with spinal anesthesia after failure of a first attempt without anesthesia
Authors: Massalha Manal , Garmi Gali , Zafran Noah , Carmeli Julia , Gimburg Genady , Salim Raed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether repeat external cephalic version (ECV) with spinal anesthesia affects clinical outcomes and cesarean delivery rates.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using data collected at one hospital in Israel between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2015. Women with non‐vertex singleton pregnancies (≥37 weeks) who had a failed ECV attempt without spinal anesthesia were included in the analysis. All women were offered a repeat ECV with spinal anesthesia. Outcomes assessed were rates of vertex presentation at delivery, successful repeat ECV, and cesarean delivery.ResultsOverall, 145 of 213 ECV attempts without spinal anesthesia were successful. Of the 68 women with a failed attempt, 5 (7%) experienced spontaneous version and 18 (26%) delivered at another institution or went into spontaneous labor. Among the remaining 45 women, 28 (62%) agreed to a repeat ECV with spinal anesthesia; 11 (39%) of these procedures were successful. All 11 women experienced vertex presentation at delivery versus none of the 17 women who refused repeat ECV (P=0.003). The cesarean delivery rate was 64% (18/28) versus 100% (17/17), respectively (P=0.007).ConclusionRepeat ECV with spinal anesthesia after a failed first attempt without spinal anesthesia increased vertex presentation at birth and decreased the rate of cesarean delivery.
FAMILY CONFLICT MODERATES EARLY PARENT–CHILD BEHAVIORAL TRANSACTIONS
Authors: Paschall Katherine W. , Barnett Melissa A. , Mastergeorge Ann M. , Mortensen Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe reciprocal transactions that shape early parent–child relationships are influenced by contextual stress, such as family conflict. Although family conflict is a salient stressor to the family system, few studies have considered how parent–child transactions vary according to exposure to family conflict. The present study examined how family conflict alters early parent–child behavioral transactions. We utilized three waves of data from a multisite longitudinal study of low‐income families (N = 2, 876), child age 14 months, 24 months, and 36 months, to identify behavioral transactions of positive and negative maternal (supportiveness, negative regard) and child (engagement, negativity) behaviors. Results indicated that family conflict at 14 months diminished the positive association between maternal supportiveness and child engagement, and amplified the inverse association between maternal negativity and child engagement. Family conflict at 14 months also was associated with increased stability of child negativity and subsequent increased maternal negative regard at 36 months, in part via increases in 24‐month child negativity. In sum, family conflict occurring early in childhood predicted and moderated behavioral transactions between young children and their mothers.
MATERNAL INTERACTION QUALITY MODERATES EFFECTS OF PRENATAL MATERNAL EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS ON GIRLS’ INTERNALIZING PROBLEMS
Authors: Endendijk Joyce J. , De Bruijn Anouk T.C.E. , Van Bakel Hedwig J.A. , Wijnen Hennie A.A. , Pop Victor J.M. , Van Baar Anneloes L. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe role of mother–infant interaction quality is studied in the relation between prenatal maternal emotional symptoms and child behavioral problems. Healthy pregnant, Dutch women (N = 96, M = 31.6, SD = 3.3) were allocated to the “exposed group” (n = 46), consisting of mothers with high levels of prenatal feelings of anxiety and depression, or the “low‐exposed group” (n = 50), consisting of mothers with normal levels of depressive or anxious symptoms during pregnancy. When the children (49 girls, 47 boys) were 23 to 60 months of age (M = 39.0, SD = 9.6), parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (T.M. Achenbach & L.A. Rescorla, ), and mother–child interaction quality during a home visit was rated using the Emotional Availability Scales. There were no differences in mother–child interaction quality between the prenatally exposed and low‐exposed groups. Girls exposed to high prenatal emotional symptoms showed more internalizing problems, if maternal interaction quality was less optimal. No significant effects were found for boys.
EARLY HEAD START FAMILIES’ EXPERIENCES WITH STRESS: UNDERSTANDING VARIATIONS WITHIN A HIGH‐RISK, LOW‐INCOME SAMPLE
Authors: Hustedt Jason T. , Vu Jennifer A. , Bargreen Kaitlin N. , Hallam Rena A. , Han Myae 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe federal Early Head Start program provides a relevant context to examine families’ experiences with stress since participants qualify on the basis of poverty and risk. Building on previous research that has shown variations in demographic and economic risks even among qualifying families, we examined possible variations in families’ perceptions of stress. Family, parent, and child data were collected to measure stressors and risk across a variety of domains in families’ everyday lives, primarily from self‐report measures, but also including assay results from child cortisol samples. A cluster analysis was employed to examine potential differences among groups of Early Head Start families. Results showed that there were three distinct subgroups of families, with some families perceiving that they experienced very high levels of stress while others perceived much lower levels of stress despite also experiencing poverty and heightened risk. These findings have important implications in that they provide an initial step toward distinguishing differences in low‐income families’ experiences with stress, thereby informing interventions focused on promoting responsive caregiving as a possible mechanism to buffer the effects of family and social stressors on young children.
Optimization of region‐of‐interest sampling strategies for hepatic MRI proton density fat fraction quantification
Authors: Hong Cheng William , Wolfson Tanya , Sy Ethan Z. , Schlein Alexandra N. , Hooker Jonathan C. , Fazeli Dehkordy Soudabeh , Hamilton Gavin , Reeder Scott B. , Loomba Rohit , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDClinical trials utilizing proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as an imaging biomarker for hepatic steatosis have used a laborious region‐of‐interest (ROI) sampling strategy of placing an ROI in each hepatic segment.PURPOSETo identify a strategy with the fewest ROIs that consistently achieves close agreement with the nine‐ROI strategy.STUDY TYPERetrospective secondary analysis of prospectively acquired clinical research data.POPULATIONA total of 391 adults (173 men, 218 women) with known or suspected NAFLD.FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCEConfounder‐corrected chemical‐shift‐encoded 3T MRI using a 2D multiecho gradient‐recalled echo technique.ASSESSMENTAn ROI was placed in each hepatic segment. Mean nine‐ROI PDFF and segmental PDFF standard deviation were computed. Segmental and lobar PDFF were compared. PDFF was estimated using every combinatorial subset of ROIs and compared to the nine‐ROI average.STATISTICAL TESTINGMean nine‐ROI PDFF and segmental PDFF standard deviation were summarized descriptively. Segmental PDFF was compared using a one‐way analysis of variance, and lobar PDFF was compared using a paired t‐test and a Bland–Altman analysis. The PDFF estimated by every subset of ROIs was informally compared to the nine‐ROI average using median intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analyses.RESULTSThe study population's mean whole‐liver PDFF was 10.1 ± 8.9% (range: 1.1–44.1%). Although there was no significant difference in average segmental (P = 0.452) or lobar (P = 0.154) PDFF, left and right lobe PDFF differed by at least 1.5 percentage points in 25.1% (98/391) of patients. Any strategy with ≥4 ROIs had ICC >0.995. 115 of 126 four‐ROI strategies (91%) had limits of agreement (LOA) <1.5%, including four‐ROI strategies with two ROIs from each lobe, which all had LOA <1.5%. 14/36 (39%) of two‐ROI strategies and 74/84 (88%) of three‐ROI strategies had ICC >0.995, and 2/36 (6%) of two‐ROI strategies and 46/84 (55%) of three‐ROI strategies had LOA <1.5%.DATA CONCLUSIONFour‐ROI sampling strategies with two ROIs in the left and right lobes achieve close agreement with nine‐ROI PDFF.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:988–994.
The main beam correction term in kinetic energy release from metastable peaks
Authors: Petersen Allan Christian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe correction term for the precursor ion signal width in determination of kinetic energy release is reviewed, and the correction term is formally derived. The derived correction term differs from the traditionally applied term. An experimental finding substantiates the inaccuracy in the latter. The application of the “T‐value” to study kinetic energy release is found preferable to kinetic energy release distributions when the metastable peaks are slim and simple Gaussians. For electronically predissociated systems, a “borderline zero” kinetic energy release can be directly interpreted in reaction dynamics with strong curvature in the reaction coordinate.
Sevoflurane neurotoxicity in neonatal rats is related to an increase in the GABAAR α1/GABAAR α2 ratio
Authors: Xie Si‐Ning , Ye Hong , Li Jun‐Fa , An Li‐Xin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExposure of neonatal rat to sevoflurane leads to neurodegeneration and deficits of spatial learning and memory in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The type A γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) is a target receptor for sevoflurane. The present study intends to investigate the changes in GABAAR α1/α2 expression and its relationship with the neurotoxicity effect due to sevoflurane in neonatal rats. After a dose–response curve was constructed to determine minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and safety was guaranteed in our 7‐day‐old neonatal rat pup mode, we conducted two studies among the following groups: (A) the control group; (B) the sham anesthesia group; and (C) the sevoflurane anesthesia group and all three groups were treated in the same way as the model. First, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 protein (PARP‐1) expression was determined in the different brain areas at 6 hr after anesthesia. Second, the expression of PARP‐1 and GABAAR α1/GABAAR α2 in the hippocampus area was tested by Western blotting at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 72 hr after anesthesia in all three groups. After 4 hr, with 0.8 MAC (2.1%) sevoflurane anesthesia, the PARP‐1 expression was significantly higher in the hippocampus than the other brain areas (p < .05). Compared with Groups A and B, the expression of PARP‐1 in the hippocampus of Group C significantly increased at 6 hr after sevoflurane exposure (216% ± 15%, p < .05), and the ratio of the α1/α2 subunit of GABAAR surged at 6 hr (126% ± 6%), 24 hr (127% ± 8%), and 72 hr (183% ± 22%) after sevoflurane exposure in the hippocampus (p < .05). Our study showed that sevoflurane exposure of 0.8 MAC (2.1%)/4 hr was a suitable model for 7‐day‐old rats. And the exposure to sevoflurane could induce the apoptosis of neurons in the early stage, which may be related to the transmission from GABAAR α2 to GABAAR α1.
Interaction between optineurin and Rab1a regulates autophagosome formation in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Song Gyun Jee , Jeon Hyejin , Seo Minchul , Jo Myungjin , Suk Kyoungho 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOptineurin (OPTN) is an autophagy receptor protein that has been implicated in glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. OPTN‐mediated autophagy is a complex process involving many autophagy‐regulating proteins. Autophagy plays a critical role in removing damaged organelles, intracellular pathogens, and protein aggregates to maintain cellular homeostasis. We identified Ypt1 as a novel interaction partner of OPTN by performing a large‐scale yeast‐human two‐hybrid assay. Coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that OPTN interacted with Rab1, the mammalian homolog of yeast Ypt1, in N2a mouse neuroblastoma cell line. We confirmed this interaction by confocal microscopy showing intracellular colocalization of the two proteins. We observed that a zinc finger domain of OPTN is important for Rab1a binding. Rab1a activity is also required for the binding with OPTN. The role of the OPTN‐Rab1a complex in neuronal autophagy was determined by measuring the translocation of microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3–EGFP to autophagosomes. In N2a cells, OPTN‐induced autophagosome formation was inhibited by Rab1a knockdown, indicating the important role of OPTN‐Rab1a interaction in neuronal autophagy processes. Similarly, in N2a cells overexpressing Rab1a, serum starvation–induced formation of autophagosome was enhanced, while OPTN knockdown reduced the Rab1a‐induced autophagy. These results show that the OPTN‐Rab1a complex modulates autophagosome formation in neuroblastoma cells.
Impact of nitrogen source and supply level on growth, yield and nutritional value of two contrasting ecotypes of Cichorium spinosum L. grown hydroponically
Authors: Chatzigianni Martina , Alkhaled Bara'a , Livieratos Ioannis , Stamatakis Aristidis , Ntatsi Georgia , Savvas Dimitrios 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, two contrasting stamnagathi (Cichorium spinosum L.) ecotypes originating either from a mountainous or from a seaside habitat were grown hydroponically and supplied with a nutrient solution differing in the total‐N level (4 or 16 mmol L–1) and the N source (NH4+‐N/total‐N: 0.05, 0.25 or 0.50). The aim was to search for genotypic differences in nitrogen nutrition.RESULTSAt commercial maturity, the dry weight of mountainous plants was higher than that of seaside plants. The shoot mineral concentrations were higher in seaside plants than in mountainous plants in both harvests. The leaf nitrate concentration was influenced by the levels of both total‐N and NH4+‐N/total‐N at both harvests, whereas plants with a seaside origin exhibited higher nitrate concentrations than those originating from a mountainous site in all total‐N and NH4+‐N/total‐N treatments.CONCLUSIONThe two stamnagathi ecotypes differed considerably in their responses to nitrogen nutrition and tissue nitrate content. The mountainous ecotype was superior in terms of growth, tissue nitrate concentration and antioxidant capacity, whereas the seaside ecotype accumulated more nutrient microcations in leaves. A low total‐N concentration (up to 4 mmol L–1) combined with a high NH4+‐N/total‐N ratio (up to 0.05) could minimize tissue NO3– concentrations without compromising yield. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of novel octyl sinapate to enhance antioxidant capacity of rapeseed–linseed oil mixture
Authors: Szydłowska‐Czerniak Aleksandra , Rabiej Dobrochna , Krzemiński Marek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLipophilisation allows the formation of new functionalised antioxidants having beneficial properties compared to natural hydrophilic phenolic acids. Therefore, this work focused on the synthesis of lipophilic antioxidants, such as a new octyl sinapate, octyl caffeate and octyl ferulate using the modified Fischer esterification of selected hydroxycinnamic acids with 1‐octanol.RESULTSThe lipophilic octyl sinapate was obtained for the first time with satisfactory yield (83%) after purification by column chromatography. The identity of the synthesised phenolipids was confirmed by chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. Antioxidant capacity of phenolipids was determined by DPPH (IC50 = 35.87–52.24 μg mL−1) and ABTS (IC50 = 39.45–48.72 μg mL−1) methods and compared with IC50 values (7.37–35.30 μg mL−1 and 7.55–41.67 μg mL−1, respectively) for well known antioxidants. The antioxidant capacity of rapeseed–linseed oil enriched with the purified esters was about two to 30 times higher in comparison with a non‐supplemented oil.CONCLUSIONThe novel octyl sinapate as well as octyl caffeate and octyl ferulate have antioxidant properties and lipophilic character, therefore they may be added to vegetable oils as potential antioxidants for tackling oxidative processes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of pre‐bloom leaf removal on grape aroma composition and wine sensory profile of Semillon cultivar
Authors: Alessandrini Massimiliano , Battista Fabrizio , Panighel Annarita , Flamini Riccardo , Tomasi Diego 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDEarly leaf removal at pre‐bloom is an innovative viticultural practice for regulating yield components and improving grape quality. The effects of this technique on vine performance, grape composition and wine sensory profile of Semillon variety were assessed.RESULTSPre‐bloom leaf removal enhanced canopy porosity, total soluble solids in musts and reduced cluster compactness. This practice had a strong effect on glycoside aroma precursors, in particular by increasing glycoside terpenols and norisoprenoids. Metabolites of linalool were the most responsive to leaf removal. Wine produced from defoliated vines was preferred in tasting trials for its more intense fruity notes and mouthfeel attributes.CONCLUSIONPre‐bloom leaf removal is a powerful technique for modifying canopy microclimate, vine yield, grape composition and wine quality. The increase of glycoside aroma compounds in treated grapes has potential positive effect in improving the sensory profile of the resulting wines. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry