bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIEs five years on
Authors: Cockersell Peter 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider evidence for the effectiveness of the psychologically informed environments (PIEs) approach to working with homeless people in the five years since the national guidance was published.

Design/methodology/approach
The author reviewed the intended outcomes of the original guidance and then looked at a range of data from evaluations of current PIE services in UK and Ireland.

Findings
The findings were that the PIE approach is effective in meeting the outcomes suggested by the original guidance; in reducing social exclusion and improving the mental health of homeless people; and in improving staff morale and interactions.

Research limitations/implications
This is a practice-based evidence. There needs to be more practice-based evidence gathered, and it would be useful if there were some standardised measures, as long as these did not limit the richness of the data which suggests that PIEs have a wide, not narrow, impact.

Practical implications
The implications are that homelessness services should use the PIE approach, and that they should be supported by clinically trained psychotherapists or psychologists; and that wider mental health services should look at the PIE approach in terms of working effectively with socially excluded people with complex needs/mental health problems.

Social implications
PIEs are an effective way of working with socially excluded people with mental health problems/complex needs, enabling the reduction of social exclusion among this very excluded client group.

Originality/value
This is the first review of evidence, much of it so far unpublished, for the effectiveness of PIEs, despite the fact that this approach has been increasingly adopted by both providers and commissioners in the homelessness sector.
Rethinking Urban Epidemiology: Natures, Networks and Materialities
Authors: Wolf Meike 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHow should we understand the relationship between urban environments and infectious diseases? This article addresses this question from three particular perspectives: that of the materialities of health, that of nature and that of networks. The first perspective analytically blends biological dynamics, environmental influence and social practice. The second perspective, mainly influenced by multispecies ethnographies, foregrounds the liveliness and unboundedness of cities. Finally, the third perspective analyses how health is drawn into the domain of security. The article argues that while globalization and urbanization are often discussed as having triggered the emergence and spread of pathogens, urban epidemics are not self‐evident and ‘natural' consequences of these pro‐cesses. They do not fall neatly into universal categories of space, modernity or risk; rather, they are produced and shaped by a range of social, political, biological and economic sites and scales. Accordingly, the emergence of pathogens depends on its articulation through specific analytical frameworks. This article suggests that a critical focus on how infectious diseases manifest themselves differently in different local contexts may not only provide insights into the manifold forms of urban life, but also into the multiple, complex and highly political constitution of health.
Antioxidative Effects of a Glucose‐Cysteine Maillard Reaction Product on the Oxidative Stability of a Structured Lipid in a Complex Food Emulsion
Authors: Sproston Molly J. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA glucose‐cysteine Maillard reaction product (MRP) was produced and its antioxidant effects on lipid oxidation were determined for a structured‐lipid enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids in a complex emulsion. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) were determined for MRP heating intervals of 2, 4, and 6 h and were compared to α‐tocopherol (TOC), MRP with TOC (TOC‐MRP), and TOC with ascorbyl palmitate (TOC‐AP). Emulsions were produced with total antioxidant additions of 0.02% of the oil, and lipid oxidation was monitored by peroxide and p‐anisidine values over 56 d. Positive correlations between browning and heating time as well as TEAC were observed. Total TEAC values for the MRP at 6 h, TOC, TOC with the MRP at 6 h, and TOC‐AP were 2.51, 3.87, 2.68, and 2.76 mg trolox eq/g, respectively. Oxidation results indicated a possible antioxidant effect for the MRP at 6 h on secondary oxidation for days 14 to 28. These results suggest that the MRP at 6 h could be useful in inhibiting secondary oxidation in complex emulsions.
Interhospital transfer delays emergency abdominal surgery and prolongs stay
Authors: Limmer Alexandra M. , Edye Michael B. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundInterhospital transfer of patients requiring emergency surgery is common practice. It has the potential to delay surgical intervention, increase rate of complications and thus length of hospital stay.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of adult patients who underwent emergency surgery for abdominal pain at a large metropolitan hospital in New South Wales (Hospital A) in 2013. The impact of interhospital transfer on time to surgical intervention, post‐operative length of stay and overall length of stay was assessed.ResultsOf the 910 adult patients who underwent emergency surgery for abdominal pain at Hospital A in 2013, 31.9% (n = 290) were transferred by road ambulance from a local district hospital (Hospital B). The leading surgical procedures performed were appendicectomy (n = 299, 32.9%), cholecystectomy (n = 174, 19.1%), gastrointestinal endoscopy (n = 95, 10.4%), cystoscopy (n = 86, 9.5%), hernia repair (n = 45, 4.9%), salpingectomy (n = 19, 2.1%) and oversewing of perforated peptic ulcer (n = 13, 1.4%). Overall, interhospital transfer (n = 290, 31.9%) was associated with increases in mean time to surgical intervention (14.2 h, P < 0.001), post‐operative length of stay (1.1 days, P = 0.001) and overall length of stay (1.6 days, P < 0.001). Delayed surgical intervention was observed across all procedure types except surgery for perforated peptic ulcer, where transferred patients underwent surgery within a comparable timeframe to direct admissions.ConclusionInterhospital transfer delays surgical intervention and increases length of hospital stay. This mandates attention due to the implications for patient outcomes and added burden to the healthcare system. The system did, however, show capability to appropriately expedite surgery for acutely life‐threatening cases.
EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY: EAST VS. WEST GERMANY
Authors: Peichl Andreas , Ungerer Martin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe case of German reunification has been subject to extensive research on earnings inequality and labour market integration. However, little is known about the development of equality of opportunity (EOp) in East and West Germany after 1990. Using German micro data, we empirically analyse how circumstances beyond the sphere of individual control relate to inequality in East and West Germany. Our results show that EOp is larger in East than in West Germany. However, despite increasing income inequality, EOp remained surprisingly constant.
Trade costs, quality and the skill premium
Authors: Bekkers Eddy , Francois Joseph , Manchin Miriam 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe develop a monopolistic competition model with non‐homothetic factor input bundles where increasing quality requires increasing use of skilled workers. As a result more skill abundant countries export higher quality, higher priced goods. Using a multi‐country dataset, we test and confirm the findings in Schott of a positive effect of skill abundance on unit values identified with US data. We extend the core model with per unit trade costs leading to the Washington apples effect that goods shipped over larger distance are of higher quality. The combination of high‐quality goods being relatively skill intensive with the Washington apples effect implies that countries at a larger distance from their trading partners display a higher skill premium. Simulating our model, we find that a doubling of distance of a country relative to all its trading partners raises the skill premium in a country by about 1.6%.
Vagal Regulation in Breastfeeding Infants and Their Mothers
Authors: Quigley Kelsey M. , Moore Ginger A. , Propper Cathi B. , Goldman Barbara D. , Cox Martha J. 
Published: November 2016

Consistent with the gustatory–vagal hypothesis, vagal stimulation during breastfeeding may contribute to infants' physiological regulatory development independent of caregiving effects. This study examined whether breastfeeding predicted 6‐month‐old infants' (N = 151) and their mothers' vagal regulation during the face‐to‐face still‐face (FFSF). Although breastfed and nonbreastfed infants showed expected vagal withdrawal during the Still‐Face episode, only breastfed infants showed continued withdrawal during the reunion episode, suggesting greater physiological mobilization to repair the interaction. Breastfeeding mothers showed higher vagal tone than nonbreastfeeding mothers at baseline, suggesting greater capacity for regulation, and throughout the FFSF, suggesting calmer states. Breastfeeding effects were independent of maternal sensitivity. Findings suggest that infants' and mothers' physiological regulation may be shaped by breastfeeding independently of associated social factors.
Comparison of Frailty Measures as Predictors of Outcomes After Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Cooper Zara , Rogers Selwyn O. , Ngo Long , Guess Jamey , Schmitt Eva , Jones Richard N. , Ayres Douglas K. , Walston Jeremy D. , Gill Thomas M. , Gleason Lauren J. , Inouye Sharon K. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo apply the Frailty Phenotype (FP) and Frailty Index (FI) before major elective orthopedic surgery to categorize frailty status and assess associations with postoperative outcomes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTwo tertiary hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 70 and older undergoing scheduled orthopedic surgery enrolled in the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery (SAGES) Study (N = 415).MeasurementsPreoperative evaluation included assessment of frailty using the FP and FI. The weighted kappa statistic was used to determine concordance between the two frailty measures and multivariable modeling to determine associations between each measure and postoperative complications, postoperative length of stay (LOS) of longer than 5 days, discharge to postacute institutional care (PAC), and 300 day readmission.ResultsFrailty was highly prevalent (FP, 35%; FI, 41%). There was moderate concordance between the FP and FI (κ = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.49). When using the FP, being prefrail predicted greater risk of complications (relative risk (RR) = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1) and discharge to PAC (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2–2.9) than being robust, and being frail predicted more complications (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1), LOS longer than 5 days (RR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1–8.8), and discharge to PAC (RR = 2.3 95% CI = 1.4–3.7). When using FI, being prefrail predicted LOS longer than 5 days (RR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0–4.8) and discharge to PAC (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.4–2.1), as did being frail (RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.5; RR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4–6.8, respectively). The other outcomes were not significantly associated with frailty status.ConclusionFP and FI predict postoperative outcomes after major elective orthopedic surgery and should be considered for preoperative risk stratification.
Preserving Self: Medication‐Taking Practices and Preferences of Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Medical Conditions
Authors: Vandermause Roxanne , Neumiller Joshua J. , Gates Brian J. , David Prabu , Altman Molly , Healey Daniel J. , Benson Patricia , Sunwold Duane , Burton Gail , Tuttle Katherine R. , Corbett Cynthia F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine the experiences of older adults with multiple chronic medical conditions when a new medication was added to their existing multiple medication regimen.DesignA multimethod qualitative design was used. Thirty adults 60 years of age with (a) at least three chronic medical diagnoses, (b) at least five medications at baseline, and (c) a new medication prescription were enrolled in a prospective study of 30 days duration, participating from their homes.MethodsIn‐depth hermeneutic interviews (2 per 15 participants) and self‐assessment diaries recorded on electronic tablets (daily per 30 participants) were completed. Transcribed interviews and self‐recorded survey data were analyzed using hermeneutical analysis and ecological momentary assessment and content analysis, respectively.FindingsCommon reasons participants did not take medications as prescribed included tolerability, transportation, access to medications, and forgetting. The overarching pattern, “preserving self,” was supported by two patterns that subsumed several themes: (a) engaging the powerful hold of my illness, and (b) engaging providers in visioning health.ConclusionsA deeper understanding of the impact of receiving a new prescription and of managing medication reveals the challenges patients experience in preserving a sense of self. Healthcare providers of all disciplines should understand the meaning of medication prescribing and medication taking to ameliorate medication‐taking difficulties.Clinical RelevanceThe provider–patient relationship is often cited as an area that needs to be addressed in healthcare practice. Our study emphasized the patients’ voices and their profound needs around medication management. The emphasis on preservation of self is an important finding that focalizes the concern.
Acceptance and Impact of Point‐of‐Use Water Filtration Systems in Rural Guatemala
Authors: Larson Kim L. , Hansen Corrie , Ritz Michala , Carreño Diego 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeInfants and children in developing countries bear the burden of diarrheal disease. Diarrheal disease is linked to unsafe drinking water and can result in serious long‐term consequences, such as impaired immune function and brain growth. There is evidence that point‐of‐use water filtration systems reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in developing countries. In the summer of 2014, following community forums and interactive workshops, water filters were distributed to 71 households in a rural Maya community in Guatemala. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the uptake of tabletop water filtration systems to reduce diarrheal diseases.DesignA descriptive correlational study was used that employed community partnership and empowerment strategies. One year postintervention, in the summer of 2015, a bilingual, interdisciplinary research team conducted a house‐to‐house survey with families who received water filters.MethodsSurvey data were gathered from the head of household on family demographics, current family health, water filter usage, and type of flooring in the home. Interviews were conducted in Spanish and in partnership with a village leader. Each family received a food package of household staples for their participation. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all responses. Fisher's exact test and odds ratios were used to determine relationships between variables.FindingsSeventy‐nine percent (n = 56) of the 71 households that received a water filter in 2014 participated in the study. The majority of families (71.4%; n = 40) were using the water filters and 16 families (28.6%) had broken water filters. Of the families with working water filters, 15% reported diarrhea, while 31% of families with a broken water filter reported diarrhea. Only 55.4% of the homes had concrete flooring. More households with dirt flooring and broken water filters reported a current case of diarrhea. A record review of attendees at an outreach clinic in this village noted a decrease in intestinal infections from 2014 (53%) to 2015 (32%).ConclusionsA trend suggests that water filter usage was both practically and clinically significant in reducing the incidence of diarrheal disease in this sample. Some homes did not have flat surfaces for water filter storage. Housing conditions should be taken into consideration for future diarrheal disease prevention initiatives.Clinical RelevancePoint‐of‐use water filters using a community–university partnership can reduce diarrheal disease in rural regions of Guatemala.
R&D INTENSITY AND THE EFFECTIVE TAX RATE: A META‐REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Belz Thomas , von Hagen Dominik , Steffens Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe apply meta‐regression techniques to provide a quantitative review of the empirical literature on how research and development (R&D) expenses affect the effective tax rate (ETR). R&D expenses relate to a well‐accepted profit shifting channel, strategic placement of intellectual property within a multinational entity. Using a unique hand‐collected data set, we add a new perspective to the current base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) state of research and debate, in three ways: First, observing that primary studies report mixed evidence on how R&D expenses affect ETR, we provide a consensus estimate for this effect. Second, we consider this effect in more detail by separating a tax accounting effect and a profit shifting effect, which to our knowledge has not yet been investigated. We detect that one‐third of the R&D effect on the ETR is due to the tax accounting effect and could be mitigated via book‐tax conformity. We further find that 10% of the profit shifting effect can be traced back to R&D tax credits. Third, our meta‐regression reveals factors that are possible sources of variation and bias in previous empirical studies.
Short‐Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with Mentalization‐Based Techniques in Major Depressive Disorder patients: Relationship among alexithymia, reflective functioning, and outcome variables – A Pilot study
Authors: Bressi Cinzia , Fronza Silvia , Minacapelli Eleonora , Nocito Emanuela Paola , Dipasquale Elisabetta , Magri Lorenzo , Lionetti Francesca , Barone Lavinia 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesIn depressed patients, recent advances have highlighted impairment in mentalizing: identifying and interpreting one's own or other's mental states. Short‐Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) has proven to be effective in reducing symptoms and improving relational/functional abilities in these subjects. Therefore, the first aim of our study was to evaluate effectiveness of STPP with Mentalization‐Based Techniques (STMBP) on their clinical outcomes and the second, to investigate Reflective Functioning and alexithymia concerning treatment outcomes in depressed subjects.DesignA baseline evaluation of reflective functioning, alexithymia and depression was conducted before an STMBP treatment. Patients were re‐tested successively after 40 weeks (T1) and in a follow‐up after 1 year at the end of the treatment (T2).MethodsA total of 24 patients principally diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) underwent a STMBP conducted by two expert therapists. Global Assessment Functioning (GAF), Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 (TAS‐20) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) data were collected at the baseline (T0) by two clinical therapists, along with RF scores rated by two trained raters. HAM‐D, TAS‐20 and GAF follow‐ups were conducted at the end of the treatment after 40 weeks (T1) and after 1‐year follow‐up (T2).ResultsResults highlighted an improvement of both HAM‐D and TAS‐20 scores in our sample. Moreover, a negative correlation between RF and TAS‐20 was found. Both HAM‐D and RF at T0 influenced depressive outcomes at the end of the treatment.ConclusionsResults confirmed the effectiveness of STMBP in MDD, suggesting also an inverse association between RF and alexithymia.Practitioner points

Our study demonstrates how STMBP could be effective in MDD even after 40 sessions, maintaining its effect in a 1‐year follow‐up.

STMBP improves subjective capability of reflecting on the mental states of oneself and others.

Our intervention allows patients to orientate thoughts from inside to outside, reducing negative beliefs also in absence of a pharmacological therapy (during the follow‐up).
Prevalence and outcomes of heart transplantation in children with intellectual disability
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Bartlett Heather L. , Zhao Qianqian , Smith Jodi M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHeart transplantation in children with intellectual disability is a controversial issue. We sought to describe the prevalence and outcomes of heart transplantation in children with intellectual disability and hypothesized that recipients with intellectual disability have comparable short‐term outcomes compared to recipients without intellectual disability. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children receiving a first heart‐alone transplant in the UNOS STAR database from 2008 to 2013. Recipients with intellectual disability were compared to those without using chi‐square tests. Kaplan‐Meier curves were constructed for patient and graft survival. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between intellectual disability and graft failure and patient survival. Over the study period, 107 children with intellectual disability underwent initial heart transplantation, accounting for 8.9% of first pediatric heart transplants (total=1204). There was no difference in the incidence of acute rejection between groups in the first year after transplant. Mean functional status scores at follow‐up improved in both groups after transplantation, but tended to be lower among children with intellectual disability than children without. Log‐rank tests did not suggest significant differences in graft survival between those with and without intellectual disability during the first 4 years following transplantation. Children with intellectual disability constitute a significant portion of total heart transplants with short‐term outcomes comparable to children without intellectual disability.
The DNP/MPH Dual Degree: An Innovative Graduate Education Program for Advanced Public Health Nursing
Authors: Shaw Kathy , Harpin Scott , Steinke Geraldine , Stember Marilyn , Krajicek Marilyn 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStrong professional priorities, evolving Affordable Care Act requirements, and a significantly limited public health nursing workforce prompted the University of Colorado College of Nursing to collaborate with the School of Public Health to implement one of the first Doctor of Nursing Practice/Master of Public Health dual degree programs in the nation. Federal grant funding supported the development, implementation, and evaluation of this unique post‐baccalaureate dual degree program, for which there were no roadmaps, models, or best practices to follow. Several key issues emerged that serve as lessons learned in creating a new, novel higher education pathway for Advanced Public Health Nursing. This paper highlights two of those: (1) marketing, admission, and matriculation across two programs, and (2) enhancing curricula through distance coursework and interprofessional education. When collaboration with a school of public health is possible, the Doctor of Nursing Practice/Master of Public Health dual degree is an efficient way to prepare public health nurses' with the highest level of public health knowledge, practice, and leadership expertise.