bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the thermomechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites incorporating single, mixed, and hybrid nanofillers
Authors: Fatolahi Amir Reza , Ghanbari Yousef , Khoramishad Hadi , da Silva L. F. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA comparative analysis was conducted among nanocomposites fabricated using pristine multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), MWCNT/Fe3O4 hybrid nanofillers, and a mixture of MWCNTs and Fe3O4 nanoparticles with varying nanofiller contents. MWCNT/Fe3O4 hybrid nanofillers with significant magnetic properties were synthesized using a chemical coating method to reinforce the epoxy polymer. Characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirmed the successful attachment of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto MWCNTs. Various solvents and sonication parameters were employed to improve the dispersion quality of nanofillers within the epoxy matrix, and their collective impact on the thermomechanical properties of nanocomposites was investigated. The results showed that nanocomposites containing MWCNT/Fe3O4 hybrid nanofillers dispersed using chloroform and optimized sonication parameters exhibited 5%, 9%, 32%, and 46% improvements in tensile strength and 11%, 20%, 38%, and 50% improvements in elastic modulus compared to those fabricated with mixed nanofillers, pristine MWCNTs, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and the neat epoxy, respectively. These nanocomposites also experienced considerable enhancements in thermal stability parameters. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy was also used to evaluate the dispersion quality and failure mechanisms. The results of this study can be applied in industries that require controllable magnetic properties.Highlights
Confirmed successful attachment of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto MWCNTs.
Sonication parameters considerably affected thermomechanical properties.
Chloroform showed the highest improvement in thermomechanical properties.
The improvements were due to the high dispersion quality assessed by FESEM.
Hybrid nanofillers showed superior properties than single and mixed fillers.
Effect of coupling agent 2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzoic acid modification on dielectric energy storage properties of PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films
Authors: Li Weiji , Yan Xinrui , Ye Lu , Ran Changning , Zhang Yue , He Ruiqi , Zhu Bixuan , He Yu , Guo Jiacheng , Li Hongwei , Zhang Jianjun , Ma Sude 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the carboxylic acid modifier 2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzoic acid (F4C) was used to modify the BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles, which acted as a coupling agent. The modified BT(F4CBT) nanoparticles, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were used to make the modified nanocomposite films: PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films. The unmodified BT nanoparticles were used to make the unmodified nanocomposite films: PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films. The modification effect of the F4C resulted in an increase in the amount of β‐phase and γ‐phase, a decrease in the amount of α‐phase, and a decrease in the overall crystallinity of the PVDF‐based nanocomposite films. The dielectric constant of the PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films reached a maximum value of 16.7 at a frequency of 100 Hz at 4 wt% F4C, which was 40.3% higher than that of the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 films. The F4C content of 2 wt% PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films showed the lowest dielectric loss of 0.055, which was 56.7% lower than the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 films. The breakdown strength of the PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films increased and then decreased with the increase of the F4C content, and the highest breakdown strength was 2800 kV/cm at 4 wt% F4C, which was 55.6% higher than the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 films. The charging density of the PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films reached a maximum value of 20.65 J/cm3 at 4 wt% F4C content, which was 394% higher than the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 films.Highlights
Modification of ceramic nanoparticles with carboxylic acid coupling agent.
The dielectric properties of the modified nanocomposite film were significantly improved.
Maximum polarization and charge/discharge density were greatly improved by coupling agent modification.
Blow molding of mechanically recycled post‐consumer rigid polyethylene packaging waste
Authors: Boz Noyan Ezgi Ceren , Boldizar Antal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecycled post‐consumer rigid polyethylene (PE) packaging waste was washed and compounded on a pilot scale using different processing conditions and the processability of recycled materials with blow molding was assessed. Compared to virgin grade high‐density PE, the recycled materials showed a lower crystallinity, a lower thermo‐oxidative stability, a higher ash content, a lower viscosity and melt elasticity, and a lower melt strength and drawability. The thermo‐oxidative stability varied due to the different washing media. Rheological characterization by frequency‐sweep measurements indicated that the virgin grade PE had as expected more linear‐polymer‐like characteristics whereas the recycled materials showed chain branching or crosslinking related to the processing condition during compounding. The recycled materials were successfully blow molded into 4 L‐containers where they showed less resistance to flow than the virgin grade PE. The recycled materials differed in color when different washing media were used. There were no significant differences in the mechanical properties of the 4 L‐containers made of virgin grade and recycled PE.Highlights
Washing, compounding, and blow molding of rigid polyethylene packaging waste were studied.
The degradation varied depending on the washing and compounding conditions.
Rheological results indicated chain branching or crosslinking due to degradation.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the correlation between sarcopenia and chronic liver diseases from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Lan Jiaming , Guo Haozhuo , Zou Jingyu , Xue Jian , Ni Hongbo , Wang Liuchun , Ren Tianhang , Chai Sijie , Jiang Haoyang , Gou Chan , Wang Fan , Wang Shuai , Xu Xiaohe , Wang Yue , Niu Meng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsChronic liver disease (CLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health threat, with morbidity and mortality rates remaining high. Evidence suggests that sarcopenia independently increases the risk of CLD and negatively impacts various clinical outcomes, including survival, quality of life, and the emergence of additional complications in patients with CLD. This study aimed to give a bibliometric analysis to examine the correlation between sarcopenia and CLD from a literature perspective.MethodsTo understand the structure of this research field, we employed VOSviewer. The research on the correlation between long‐term liver disease and sarcopenia was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.19.0 was utilized to examine and illustrate these publications, encompassing yearly patterns in the domain, focal points of research, significant articles, authors, journals, and organizations. Moreover, according to the results of the cluster analysis of keywords, we further searched and classified related studies to discuss.ResultsThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of current research trends, international collaboration models, fundamental understandings, key focus areas, and future research areas in the field of sarcopenia and CLD by reviewing publications from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2023. Over the past 24 years, research in the field of sarcopenia and CLD has deepened, with a gradual increase in publications and citations from various countries, institutions, and authors. Keyword analysis of sarcopenia and CLD indicates that current research predominantly focuses on several key areas, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, and nutrition therapy.ConclusionThis study provided a visual representation of the current research on the correlation between CLD and sarcopenia, including publication trends, global collaboration patterns, and research hotspots. This research contributes significantly by summarizing and discussing current research trends in sarcopenia and CLD, offering valuable insights into the complex relationship, and highlighting research trends, collaborations, and future directions in clinical treatment.
Photoactive hyperbranched poly(azo‐ester) urethanes as fluorescent staining agent for plant cells
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arumugam , Nandhagopal Manivannan , Narayanasamy Mathivanan , Sivakumar Chickiyan , Vanjinathan Mahalingam , Nasar A. Sultan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new AB2‐type blocked isocyanate monomer containing azo‐ester linkages and N,N′‐diethanol amine groups was successfully synthesized. Deblocking of this monomer in DMF resulted corresponding hyperbranched poly(azo‐ester)urethanes (HBPAEUs). These polymers were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, GPC, TGA, and DSC methods. The molecular weights (Mw) of the polymers were in the range of 5500–25,500 g/mol. The effect of reaction temperature on Mw was found significant. The polymers were found thermally stable up to 240 °C and showed Tg between 150 and 153 °C. These polymers absorbed UV light at 407 nm in THF solvent and also exhibited high absorption coefficients. The photo induced trans to cis isomerization of HBPAEU in THF was also studied and found λmax of cis form of the polymer was shifted to 526 nm, which suggested that the stability of this isomer was good. And, the polymer showed aggregation induced enhanced emission. In addition, the monomer and HBPAEU were found to exhibit maximal antibacterial activity against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In‐vitro bio‐imaging studies of this monomer and polymer were carried out in onion epidermal and fungal cells and the results revealed that the polymer was more efficient for staining and imaging plant cells.
The impact of PEEP on mechanical power and driving pressure in children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Ferraz Isabel de Siqueira , Carioca Fernando de Lima , Junqueira Fernanda Monteiro Diniz , Oliveira Marina Simões , Duarte Gregory Lui , Foronda Flávia Krepel , Matsumoto Toshio , Brandão Marcelo Barciela , De Souza Tiago Henrique 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPositive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) is widely used to improve oxygenation and avoid alveolar collapse in mechanically ventilated patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). However, its improper use can be harmful, impacting variables associated with ventilation‐induced lung injury, such as mechanical power (MP) and driving pressure (∆P). Our main objective was to assess the impact of increasing PEEP on MP and ∆P in children with PARDS.InterventionsMechanically ventilated children on pressure‐controlled volume‐guaranteed mode were prospectively assessed for inclusion. PEEP was sequentially changed to 5, 12, 10, 8, and again to 5 cm H2O. After 10 min at each PEEP level, ventilatory data were collected and then variables of interest were determined. Respiratory system mechanics were measured using the least squares fitting method.ResultsThirty‐one patients were included, with median age and weight of 6 months and 6.3 kg. Most subjects were admitted for acute viral bronchiolitis (45%) or community‐acquired pneumonia (32%) and were diagnosed with mild (45%) or moderate (42%) PARDS. There was a significant increase in MP and ∆P at PEEP levels of 10 and 12 cm H2O. When PEEP was increased from 5 to 12 cm H2O, there was a relative increase in MP of 60.7% (IQR 49.3–82.9) and in ΔP of 33.3% (IQR 17.8–65.8). A positive correlation was observed between MP and ΔP (ρ = 0.59).ConclusionsChildren with mild or moderate PARDS may experience a significant increase in MP and ∆P with increased PEEP. Therefore, respiratory system mechanics and lung recruitability must be carefully evaluated during PEEP titration.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of zastaprazan (JP‐1366), a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, in patients and healthy volunteers
Authors: Yang Eunsol , Hwang Inyoung , Ji Sang Chun , Kim John , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZastaprazan (JP‐1366) is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker for the treatment of acid‐related disorders. We aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of zastaprazan, thereby characterizing the PK of zastaprazan in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as evaluating the impact of various covariates, including CYP2C19 phenotypes, on zastaprazan PK. This population PK analysis included zastaprazan plasma concentration–time data from 92 patients with erosive GERD and 68 healthy volunteers without any gastrointestinal disorders and was performed using nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling. Simulations were conducted to predict zastaprazan PK under various dosing regimens in patients with GERD. The plasma PK of zastaprazan was adequately described by a two‐compartment model with Erlang‐type absorption (six sequential compartments) and first‐order elimination. CYP2C19 phenotypes had no significant effect on zastaprazan PK. The disease status was identified as a significant covariate on apparent clearance of zastaprazan, showing lower values in patients with GERD compared to healthy volunteers. However, the model‐based simulation indicated that the impact of disease status on zastaprazan exposure was not clinically meaningful. Overall, the current population PK model successfully characterized the observed zastaprazan PK in both patients with GERD and healthy volunteers.
Examination of the reliability of X‐ray powder diffraction analysis to determine mineral composition of soils
Authors: Kurokawa Kohei , Azuma Kazuki , Nakao Atsushi , Suzuki Atsuhito , Wakabayashi Shokichi , Fujimura Shigeto , Shinano Takuro , Yanai Junta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractX‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is an effective technique for identifying and quantifying mineral types in soil. However, few studies have compared quantitative values based on XRPD with those from conventional wet chemical methods (WCMs). Here, we determined the primary mineral content in artificial mineral mixtures and 79 agricultural soils from across Japan using WCMs and two XRPD‐based quantitative methods: the mineral intensity factor (MIF) and the full‐pattern summation (FPS) methods performed with the powdR package for R. For artificial mixtures, the accuracy of mineral content determination (i.e., micas, quartz, K‐feldspar, and plagioclase) followed the order: WCMs > FPS > MIF. For Japanese agricultural soils, the contents of each mineral were highly similar between WCMs and FPS, based on mean absolute differences and correlation coefficients. Alternatively, MIF displayed lower similarities with WCMs, likely due to preferred orientation and peak shift or overlap issues. Using the FPS method, the mica and amorphous phase contents were positively and significantly correlated with nonexchangeable K content and cation exchange capacity, respectively. Additionally, the plagioclase content was negatively and significantly correlated with clay content. Thus, the powdR‐based FPS method is recommended for determining the mineral composition of soils, as it allows for a clearer and more quantitative demonstration of the relationship between individual minerals and soil properties.
Metal‐Free Polymer‐Based Current Collector for High Energy Density Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wan Mintao , Gilles Ralph , Vacik Jiri , Liu Haowen , Wu Nae‐Lih , Passerini Stefano , Bresser Dominic 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe energy density of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) relies substantially on the thickness of the lithium‐metal anode. However, a bare, thin lithium foil electrode is vulnerable to fragmentation due to the inhomogeneity of the lithium stripping/plating process, disrupting the electron conduction pathway along the electrode. Accordingly, the current collector is an integral part to prevent the resulting loss of electronic conductivity. However, the common use of a heavy and lithiophobic Cu current collector results in a great anode mass increase and unsatisfactory lithium plating behavior, limiting both the achievable specific energy and the cycle life of LMBs. Herein, a metal‐free polymer‐based current collector is reported that allows for a substantial mass reduction, while simultaneously extending the cycle life of the lithium‐metal anode. The specific mass of the ultra‐light, 10 µm thick polymer‐based current collector is only 1.03 mg cm−2, which is ≈11% of a 10 µm thick copper foil (8.96 mg cm−2). As a result, LMB cells employing this novel current collector provide a specific energy of 448 Wh kg−1, which is almost 18% higher than that of LMBs using the copper current collector (378 Wh kg−1), and a greatly enhanced cycle life owing to a more homogeneous lithium deposition.
p/n‐Type Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Cathodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jindal Swati , Tian Zhengnan , Mallick Arijit , Kandambeth Sharath , Liu Chen , Bhatt Prashant M. , Zhang Xixiang , Shekhah Osama , Alshareef Husam N. , Eddaoudi Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are viewed as promising organic electrode materials for metal‐ion batteries due to their structural diversity and tailoring capabilities. In this work, firstly using the monomers N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (TPDA) and terephthaldehyde (TA), p‐type phenylenediamine‐based imine‐linked TPDA‐TA‐COF is synthesized. To construct a bipolar redox‐active, porous and highly crystalline polyimide‐linked COF, i.e., TPDA‐NDI‐COF, n‐type 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NDA) molecules are incorporated into p‐type TPDA‐TA‐COF structure via postsynthetic linker exchange method. This tailored COF demonstrated a wide potential window (1.03.6 V vs Na+/Na) with dual redox‐active centers, positioning it as a favorable cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Owing to the inheritance of multiple redox functionalities, TPDA‐NDI‐COF can deliver a specific capacity of 67 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, which is double the capacity of TPDA‐TA‐COF (28 mAh g−1). The incorporation of carbon nanotube (CNT) into the TPDA‐NDI‐COF matrix resulted in an enhancement of specific capacity to 120 mAh g−1 at 0.02 A g−1. TPDA‐NDI‐50%CNT demonstrated robust cyclic stability and retained a capacity of 92 mAh g−1 even after 10 000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Furthermore, the COF cathode exhibited an average discharge voltage of 2.1 V, surpassing the performance of most reported COF as a host material.
Isotope‐Labeled Chemoselective Probes for Labeling, Separation, and Comprehensive Quantitative Analysis of Sub‐Metabolome
Authors: Tian Hongtao , Lai Zhizhen , Zhang Wenjia , Zhang Mo , Yang Xiaolin , Zhou Jiang , Li Zhili 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe significance of small molecule metabolites as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis is growing increasingly evident, necessitating the development of highly sensitive qualitative and quantitative methods. Herein, multi‐chemoselective probes are synthesized and applied for profiling metabolites, including carboxyl, phosphate, hydroxyl, amino, thiol, and carbonyl compounds. This approach seamlessly integrates magnetic solid‐phase materials, orthogonal cleavage sites, isotopic tags, and selective coupling sites, minimizes matrix interference, and enhances quantitative accuracy. Meanwhile, a homemade program, High‐Resolution Isotope‐Assisted Identification and Quantitative (HRIAIQuant) is developed to process the data, which adeptly filters through 33,874 ion pairs present in human serum, leading to the identification of 701 known metabolites and a remarkable 1,062 potential novel ones. This method is successfully applied to analyze metabolites in multiple brain regions of SAMP8 and SAMR1 models, offering a novel tool for Alzheimer's disease research.
Promise of Zero‐Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) for Blockchain Privacy and Security: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: R Shashidhara , Chirakarotu Nair Renju , Kumar Panakalapati Pavan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBlockchain technology has revolutionized data sharing and storage, yet maintaining privacy and security while ensuring transparency and immutability remains a significant challenge. This research addresses this challenge by investigating the promising solution of Zero‐Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), which allow for validation without revealing additional information. Unlike previous studies that focus on specific ZKP types or limited performance metrics, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of multiple ZKP technologies, along with their distinct features and blockchain applications. We evaluate ZKP tools such as snarkjs, ZoKrates, and Circom, focusing on key factors including proof size, trusted setup, prover time, verifier time, and scalability. A detailed case study on the Ethereum blockchain demonstrates the practical implementation and performance of ZKPs, effectively bridging the gap between theoretical analysis and real‐world applications. Furthermore, we explore how ZKPs can significantly enhance scalability in blockchain applications. By proposing innovative ZKP use cases and addressing current challenges, this article not only provides a comprehensive understanding of ZKP technologies but also outlines potential future research directions, making a significant impact on the field of blockchain privacy and security.
Morphological and molecular analyses consistently support the existence of two species under Hypochaeris achyrophorus (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)
Authors: Jiménez‐López Francisco Javier , Talavera María , Ortiz María Ángeles 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe species boundaries in Hypochaeris sect. Seriola (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) are difficult to establish due to the phenotypic similarity between taxa. The main objective of the present study was to characterize the phylogenetic position of the annual Hypochaeris achyrophorus using plastid and nuclear DNA markers, and to determine whether some morphological differences between western and eastern Mediterranean populations are supported by genetic differences. To achieve this, phylogenetic reconstruction, species delimitation analysis and morphometrical analysis of flower characters were carried out. The case provides a fantastic setting to study the evolution of annuality/perenniality and homocarpy/heterocarpy. The results confirm the presence of two distinct taxa within H. achyrophorus: Hypochaeris stuessyi comb. nov., in the westernmost part of the distribution, containing populations with the most ancestral characters, and H. achyrophorus, with biogeographically and morphologically distinct characters, phylogenetically closer to H. laevigata, a perennial species, than to H. stuessyi. Our results indicate that perennial habit and homocarpy are derived characters in the study group that can appear multiple times in evolution, complicating traditional taxonomy. Moreover, when related species with convergent characters are observed, only the use of molecular tools can confirm that subtle morphological differences have distinct evolutionary histories.