bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questioning the fetal microbiome illustrates pitfalls of low-biomass microbial studies
Authors: Kennedy Katherine M 
Published: September 2024

Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a subject of debate. Here we evaluate recent studies that characterized microbial populations in human fetuses from the perspectives of reproductive biology, microbial ecology, bioinformatics, immunology, clinical microbiology and gnotobiology, and assess possible mechanisms by which the fetus might interact with microorganisms. Our analysis indicates that the detected microbial signals are likely the result of contamination during the clinical procedures to obtain fetal samples or during DNA extraction and DNA sequencing. Furthermore, the existence of live and replicating microbial populations in healthy fetal tissues is not compatible with fundamental concepts of immunology, clinical microbiology and the derivation of germ-free mammals. These conclusions are important to our understanding of human immune development and illustrate common pitfalls in the microbial analyses of many other low-biomass environments. The pursuit of a fetal microbiome serves as a cautionary example of the challenges of sequence-based microbiome studies when biomass is low or absent, and emphasizes the need for a trans-disciplinary approach that goes beyond contamination controls by also incorporating biological, ecological and mechanistic conceptsLink to paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05546-8
Permanent hitchhikers: how human gut microbes diversified with and adapted to their hosts
Authors: Ley Ruth 
Published: September 2024

![Talk banner](https://res.cloudinary.com/cassyni/image/upload/q_auto/f_auto/v1/user-files/LLEnNQ54ZG8kbd7ikCXzmc?_a=DAJAUVWIZAAB)Coevolution of humans with gut bacteria requires a shared evolutionary history. Host-microbial cophylogeny has been shown for hominids, but within humans, only the stomach bacterium *Helicobacter pylori* is known to have codiversified with its host. Human populations are known to harbor distinct strains of bacterial species and this is generally attributed to differences in environment and diet, however, codiversification through long-term associations could also contribute to these patterns. To test for cophylogeny between gut microbiota and their human hosts, we analyzed paired human genotypes and bacterial strain genotypes from fecal metagenomes obtained from five countries. Our results indicate that strains of common gut bacteria have transmitted vertically for thousands of generations. In accord, strains displaying patterns of cophylogeny are also shared between mothers and infants. Patterns of strain transfer between populations are consistent with an African origin for taxa showing cophylogeny. Our results indicate long-term fidelity of gut microbial strains with human populations, creating opportunities for coevolution.
An efficient method for high molecular weight bacterial DNA extraction suitable for shotgun metagenomics from skin swabs
Authors: Serghiou Iliana Rosa 
Published: September 2024

The human skin microbiome represents a variety of complex microbial ecosystems that play a key role in host health. Molecular methods to study these communities have been developed but have been largely limited to low-throughput quantification and short amplicon-based sequencing, providing limited functional information about the communities present. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing has emerged as a preferred method for microbiome studies as it provides more comprehensive information about the species/strains present in a niche and the genes they encode. However, the relatively low bacterial biomass of skin, in comparison to other areas such as the gut microbiome, makes obtaining sufficient DNA for shotgun metagenomic sequencing challenging. Here we describe an optimised high-throughput method for extraction of high molecular weight DNA suitable for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We validated the performance of the extraction method, and analysis pipeline on skin swabs collected from both adults and babies. The pipeline effectively characterised the bacterial skin microbiota with a cost and throughput suitable for larger longitudinal sets of samples. Application of this method will allow greater insights into community compositions and functional capabilities of the skin microbiome.Link to OA paper: https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001058
Neuroblastoma is associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition subsequent to maternal microbial seeding
Authors: Valles-Colomer Mireia 
Published: September 2024

Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial solid tumour in children, accounting for 15% of deaths due to cancer in childhood. The most common clinical presentation are abdominal tumours. An altered gut microbiome composition has been linked to multiple cancer types, and reported in murine models of neuroblastoma. However, whether children with neuroblastoma display alterations in gut microbiome composition remains unexplored.Here, we assessed gut microbiome composition by shotgun metagenomic profiling in an observational cross-sectional study on 288 individuals, consisting of patients with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma at disease onset (N=63), healthy controls matching the patients on the main covariates of microbiome composition (N=94), healthy siblings of the patients (N=13), mothers of patients (N=59), and mothers of the controls (N=59). We examined taxonomic and functional microbiome composition and mother-infant strain transmission patterns. Patients with neuroblastoma displayed alterations in gut microbiome composition characterised by reduced microbiome richness, decreased relative abundances of 18 species (including Phocaeicola dorei and Bifidobacterium bifidum), enriched protein fermentation and reduced carbohydrate fermentation potential. Using machine learning, we could successfully discriminate patients from controls (AUC = 82%). Healthy siblings did not display such alterations but resembled the healthy control group. No significant differences in maternal microbiome composition nor mother-to-offspring transmission were detected.Therefore, the alterations in taxonomic and functional gut microbiome composition we described in patients with neuroblastoma, cannot be traced to differential maternal seeding and might arise subsequently.Link to OA paper: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(23)00483-8/fulltext
Parental Preferences and Resource Allocation for Child Education in Ethiopia
Authors: Adem Jemal Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the preference of parents for interchild allocation of education investment in Ethiopia. The literature has established that child educational achievement is correlated with parental education and household resources. However, the literature failed to provide answers for how to raise educational achievement where there are no educated parents, or why cash grants failed to increase education quality in developing countries. Drawing on a unique survey and experimental dataset disaggregated by individual children and parents from Ethiopia, this study will shed light on the role played by dynamics of intrahousehold decision-making and nonprice drivers of investment in child education. The findings of the study show that parents reinforce the educational achievements of their children. But educational investment does not vary by the gender of children. Instead, parental perceptions about the capability of children and aspirations for child education are important drivers of intrahousehold allocation of educational investment. The study also finds that the preferences of mothers and fathers for child education are not identical but largely similar. The results highlight the importance of signaling the academic potential of children and raising parental aspirations for human capital development in developing countries.
International Standards Certification and Firms’ Performance: A Study of Three West African Countries
Authors: Wayoro Didier 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This article examines the impact of international standards certification on firms’ performance using the 2009 and 2016 World Bank Enterprise Surveys panel datasets from three countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Results from panel data estimation techniques and propensity score matching show that the adoption of international certifications positively affects firms’ performance measured as the average annual growth of sales. The study suggests that the increase in firms’ productivity, cost performance, and direct exports are possible mechanisms through which international standards certification enhances sales growth. Similarly, standards adoption increases foreign participation and alleviates credit constraints, thus, highlighting the signaling effect of certifications.
The role of public policy, CSR and customer engagement towards green banking at commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Dang Nhan Truong Thanh , Ha Van Dung 
Published: September 2024

The current study aims to focus on the role of public policy, corporate social responsibility, customer engagement and perceived environmental value in promoting green banking. This study analysed and evaluated the importance of public policy, corporate social responsibility and customer engagement in green banking using a dataset of 368 individuals who are customers at commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City. Utilising basic quantitative research statistical analyses such as Cronbach’s alpha reliability assessment, exploratory factor analysis, measurement model and partial least squares structural equation modelling from SPSS and SMART PLS software, the research results indicate that (1) Public policy positively influences Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); (2) CSR positively influences customer engagement and perceived environmental value and green banking ; (3) customer engagement positively influences the perceived environmental value and green banking and (4) perceived environmental value positively influences green banking . Theoretically, this research could significantly contribute to the advancement of the academic field of CSR especially in the landscape of dynamic business environments by responding to the call for more extensive research on CSR and green banking highlighted in previous studies. The results suggest managerial implications for both sides of the government and commercial banks to contribute to the sustainable development of green banking.
Electrochemical detection of heavy metals and chloramphenicol using a Nafion/graphene quantum dot modified electrode
Authors: Xu He , Pan Zhelun , Xie Yu , Gu Xinfeng , Liu Jianshe 
Published: September 2024

<span>Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a uniform particle size were successfully synthesized using a simple in-situ electrolytic graphite rod method at a specific current density. Nafion/GQD-modified glassy carbon electrodes (nafion/GQDS/GCE) were then fabricated. Anodic stripping voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were utilized for the detection of heavy metals, specifically Pb(II) and Cd(II), as well as chloramphenicol. The results indicated that the dissolution currents for Pb(II) and Cd(II) increased with their concentrations, showing a strong linear relationship. The linear range for Pb(II) was 4.82 × 10</span><sup>−8</sup><span> to 9.65 × 10</span><sup>−7</sup><span> mol/L (</span><em>R</em><span>² = 0.9923), and for Cd(II), it was 1.07 × 10</span><sup>−7</sup><span> to 1.96 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span> mol/L (</span><em>R</em><span>² = 0.9912), with detection limits of 1.61 × 10</span><sup>−8</sup><span> mol/L for Pb(II) and 3.57 × 10</span><sup>−8</sup><span> mol/L for Cd(II). The nafion/GQDS/GCE exhibited significant electrocatalytic activity towards chloramphenicol, with an irreversible reaction involving 6 electrons and an electron transfer rate constant (KS) of 105.4 s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The catalytic reduction current for chloramphenicol at the modified electrode ranged from 5.00 × 10</span><sup>−7</sup><span> to 2.50 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span> mol/L, showing a good linear relationship, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 1.67 × 10</span><sup>−7</sup><span> mol/L. The nafion/GQDS/GCE also demonstrated excellent anti-interference, stability, and reproducibility, yielding satisfactory results for the detection of actual samples.</span>
Spectrophotometric Determination, Analysis And Validation Of Acyclovir 0n Solid Dosage Form
Authors: Wisam T. Hammadi  , Sarhan A. Salamn  
Published: September 2024

A new, economical, sensitive, simple, rapid UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Acyclovir in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation. This UV method was developed using NaOH (0.1N) as a solvent. In the present method, the wavelength selected for analysis was 253nm. Using 1cm match quartz cells, all of the spectrum and absorbance measurements were performed using an UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1800) was used to carry out the spectral analysis. The ICH guidelines were used to validate the method. Throughout the study, we compared the purity of the drugs, with standard drugs (HPLC grade purity >99%) purchased from SIGMA ALDRICH Ltd. The test drugs from pharmaceutical companies (CIPLA) in its dosage form taken from the market.The method was validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, drug content , LOD and LOQ. Linearity was found in the range of 2.5-40μg/ml. Accuracy was performed by using a recovery study. The percentage recovery for all the methods performed was in the range of 99-100% indicating of zero interference of the excipients (in the formulation). LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.5766434 and 4.7777075 respectively [SD: 0.474474135; SE: 0.212191284]. Relative error (<2) values showed that the proposed procedure exhibited excellent Interday and intraday precision.The proposed UV spectroscopic method was found to be accurate, precise, stable, linear, specific, and simple for quantitative estimation of acyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Hence the present UV spectroscopic method is suitable for the routine assay of acyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Optimalisasi Peran Takmir Masjid dalam Membendung Gerakan Islam Radikal di Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Sri Haryanto  
Published: September 2024

Di Kabupaten Wonosobo berdasar pada data Kementerian Agama kabupaten Wonosobo (2020) terdapat 1379 masjid yang sebagain besar tersebar diwilayah pedesaan. Berdasar pada penulusaran lapangan (transec) Dari sekian banyak masjid yang ada di Kabupaten Wonosobo sebagai besar (82%) masih berkutat pada fungsi sebagai tempat ibadah mahdhoh, lebih khusus tempat shalat, membaca Al-Qur’an, berinfaq dan lain sebagainya. Fungsi itu pun belum maksimal sebab masih banyak masjid di Kabupaten Wonosobo yang dikunjungi jemaahnya pada saat-saat tertentu saja, misalnya di awal-awal bulan Ramadhan, hari Jumat dan di hari raya. Sedangkan di hari-hari lain sangat sedikit Jemaah yang beribadah didalamnya. Bahkan ada masjid yang jemaahnya hanya beberapa orang saja.
Di Kabupaten Wonosobo fungsi peran sosial masjid pada masyarakat, masih sangat sedikit (rendah), padahal masjid selain sebagai tempat ibadah (mahdhoh) dapat pula difungsikan menjadi sumber kemakmuran masyarakat, pusat informasi, pendidikan dan pelatihan, diskusi suputar isu-isu kontemporer, sumber Inisiator, sumber tempat mencari ilmu, relasi, dan bahkan sebagai pusat gerakan untuk menangkal merebaknya faham atau gerakan islam garis keras (Islam Radikal) yang dapat mengancam keamanan dan kerukukunan umat. Peran social dan pencegahan keterpengaruhan umat (jama’ah) terhadap gerakan islam radikal, serperti ISIS, JI, al-Qaeda dan sebagainya ini dapat terwujud apabila kepengurus masjid (takmir masjid) memiliki kesadaran, konsep yang jelas dan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang faham-faham yang tidak sesuai dengan ajaran Islam, Pancasila dan NKRI.
Program pembeberdayaan takmir masjid sebagai benteng untuk menangkal gerakan islam radikal ini akan dilakukan melalui langkah, Identifikasi awal; Konsultasi dan Koordinasi; Analisis social (focus group discution); Penyusunan rencana aksi; Aksi (Workshop/Sarasehan); Membangun kemitraan; Pembinaan, dan Monitoring dan Evaluasi. Setelah progam pemberdayaan takmir masjid ini dapat terealisasikan dengan baik, diharapkan agar kelompok sasaran (takmir masjid se Kabupaten Wonosobo) memiliki keasadaran dan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang gerakan Islam Radikal yang akhir-akhir ini meresahakan umat, dari kesadaran dan pemahaman tersebut diharapkan takmir masjid dapat mensosialisasikan dan memberikan pemahaman tentang Gerakan Islam Radikal pada masyarakat sekitarnya (jama’ah nya).
PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI DASAR DAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN OMZET PENJUALAN UMKM BEBEK WIDODARI
Authors: Lella Anita  
Published: September 2024

Kegiatan pemasaran adalah suatu keharusan buat seluruh bisnis, terutama bisnis yang berorientasi pada pendapatan atau laba serta perusahaan katering. Nabi Muhammad mengajarkan manusia cara berdagang dan cara memasarkan dengan efektif. Persaingan adalah suatu hal yang biasa pada setiap usaha yg dijalankan. Rumah Makan Bebek Widodari ini memiliki kompetitor yg beroperasi di keahliannya masing-masing. Restoran Bebek Widodari menggunakan beberapa seni manajemen untuk bersaing menggunakan restoran lain dengan mengaplikasikan persaingan yang sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini : (1) Membuat memperjelas strategi pemasaran rumah Makan Bebek Widodari di Prefektur Kota Metro. (2) Mengetahui pertumbuhan penjualan tempat tinggal makan Bebek Widodari di Kota Metro. (3) Menyusun taktik pemasaran untuk meningkatkan penjualan rumah Makan Bebek Widodari Kabupaten Kota Metro berdasarkan Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah. Jenis pengamatan ini artinya deskriptif kualitatif secara metodologis. yaitu penelitian yang berkaitan menggunakan obyek penelitian. pada analisis data yang digunakan penulis artinya deskriptif. Yakni, analisis yang memberitahu suatu keadaan atau fenomena pada kata istilah atau frase serta mengklasifikasikan kepada kategori-kategori untuk menarik hasil akhir . hasil pengamatan : (1) strategi pemasaran yg diterapkan di Rumah Makan Bebek Widodari Kota Metro mengaplikasikan bauran pemasaran. (2) strategi bauran pemasaran sudah menemukan faktor pendukung serta penghalang pada upaya menaikkan penjualan pada Rumah Makan Bebek Widodari. (3) seni manajemen pemasaran untuk menaikkan penjualan Makan Bebek Widodari merupakan dengan menerapkan unsur ekonomi yg menduga seluruh aktifitas manusia yang selalu diawasi oleh sang pencipta, sebagai akibatnya menyampaikan akibat yang baik. sedang tampil.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Keperawatan
Authors: Saryadi Saryadi , Liss Dyah Dewi Arini  , Aloysius Ekawardaya  
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Keperawatan RSUD Simo. Penelitian ini menggunakan 60 responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur dengan uji quesionary, uji t, uji F, koefisien determinasi, dan Asumsi Klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kompetensi (Ko) dan kepuasan (Ke) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja. Motivasi kerja mempengaruhi efek positif yang tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja. Hasil nilai tes bersama menunjukkan kompetensi (Ko), motivasi kerja (Mo) dan kepuasan (Ke) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja. Nilai R2 sebesar 0,353 berarti keperawatan di RSUD Simo dijelaskan oleh kompetensi (Ko), motivasi dan kepuasan kerja sebesar 35,3%, dan sisanya 64,7% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar model penelitian.
APLIKASI PERPUSTAKAAN BERBASIS WEB STUDI KASUS SMP IBNU SINA
Authors: Suri Ghea Paulina 
Published: September 2024

Perpustakaan merupakan sebuah ruangan yang dikelola oleh suatu lembaga pendidikan yang menyediakan berbagai macam koleksi buku. sekolah merupakan bangunan atau lembaga untuk sarana dan prasarana belajar dan mengajar serta tempat bagi murid-murid untuk menerima dan memberi pelajaran. Perkembangan teknologi semakin hari semakin mutakhir, begitu pun dengan perkembangan dalam pemberdayaan perpustakaan saat ini. Perpustakaan menyediakan berbagai macam koleksi buku-buku informasi untuk dibaca, mulai dari buku pelajaran, buku cerita, majalah dan lain-lain. Semua koleksi buku-buku tersebut bisa dibaca di dalam perpustakaan ataupun dipinjam dengan jangka waktu tertentu. Pada umumnya perpustakaan hanya memiliki buku-buku yang disimpan di rak dari gedung atau ruang perpustakaan tetapi dalam perkembangan teknologi saat ini memanfaatkan perpustakaan dengan melakukan pengarsipan koleksi buku-buku dalam bentuk arsip digital atau yang lebih dikenal dengan e-book. Saat ini di dalam ruang lingkup pendidikan dikembangkan suatu sistem informasi yang berkualitas untuk mengelola buku dan memberikan banyak manfaat seperti memberikan penyajian informasi yang dapat di monitoring serta dapat membantu pihak sekolah terkait aplikasi web perpustakaan SMP IBNU SINA
La mediación y conciliación como procedimiento alternativo para aliviar el sistema judicial
Authors: Ariana Thais  , Maldonado-Ruiz Luis Mauricio 
Published: September 2024

Resumen
Los principales desafíos que enfrenta la Función Judicial en nuestro país incluyen la acumulación de procesos y la lenta resolución de causas, entre otras dificultades. Para abordar esta situación, se busca promover el uso de métodos alternativos de resolución de conflictos, como la mediación, con el objetivo de empoderar a las personas para que resuelvan sus disputas de manera amigable y pacífica, especialmente en asuntos de interés público. Esto, a su vez, contribuirá a promover una cultura de paz en nuestra sociedad.

El artículo 190 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador (2008) reconoce el arbitraje, la mediación y otros métodos alternativos como vías legítimas para resolver conflictos, sujetos a las disposiciones legales y aplicables en áreas donde la conciliación es posible por su naturaleza.

El propósito de este estudio es examinar de manera técnico-jurídica el papel de la mediación como medio pre procesal para aliviar la carga de trabajo del sistema judicial en cuestiones de interés público dentro del marco legal ecuatoriano. Se fundamenta en el derecho procesal, el cual proporciona las directrices para abordar los modos y procedimientos establecidos por la ley para resolver adecuada y formalmente las disputas planteadas por las partes involucradas, garantizando así el ejercicio efectivo del derecho a una justicia rápida y accesible para todos. Se analizarán aspectos introductorios de la mediación, sus características para resolver conflictos de interés público y, finalmente, se abordará su papel como política pública.