bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Black Hole Mass and Photometric Components of NGC 4826
Authors: Gültekin Kayhan , Gebhardt Karl , Kormendy John , Foord Adi , Bender Ralf , Lauer Tod R. , Pinkney Jason , Richstone Douglas O. , Tremaine Scott 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present infrared photometry and Hubble Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy of the Sab galaxy NGC 4826. Schwarzschild dynamical modeling is used to measure its central black hole mass M. Photometric decomposition is used to enable a comparison of M to published scaling relations between black hole masses and properties of host bulges. This decomposition implies that NGC 4826 contains classical and pseudobulges of approximately equal mass. The classical bulge has best-fit Sérsic index n = 3.27. The pseudobulge is made up of three parts, an inner lens (n = 0.18 at r ≲ 4″), an outer lens (n = 0.17 at r ≲ 45″), and a n = 0.58 Sérsic component required to match the surface brightness between the lens components. The total V-band luminosity of the galaxy is M

VT
= −21.07, the ratio of classical bulge to total light is B/T ≃ 0.12, and the ratio of pseudobulge to total light is PB/T ≃ 0.13. The outer disk is exponential (n = 1.07) and makes up D/T = 0.75 of the light of the galaxy. Our best-fit Schwarzschild model has a black hole mass with 1σ uncertainties of

M
=

8.4

−
0.6

+
1.7

×

10

6

M

⊙

and a stellar population with a K-band mass-to-light ratio of

ϒ
K

=
0.46
±
0.03

M
⊙

L
⊙

−
1

at the assumed distance of 7.27 Mpc. Our modeling is marginally consistent with M = 0 at the 3σ limit. These best-fit parameters were calculated assuming the black hole is located where the velocity dispersion is largest; this is offset from the maximum surface brightness, probably because of dust absorption. The black hole mass—one of the smallest measured by modeling stellar dynamics—satisfies the well known correlations of M with the K-band luminosity, stellar mass, and velocity dispersion of the classical bulge only. In contrast, the black hole is undermassive with respect to the correlation of M with total (classical plus pseudo) bulge luminosity. Thus the composite (classical bulge plus pseudobulge) galaxy NGC 4826 is consistent with previous results on black hole scaling relations and helps to strengthen these results at low black hole masses.
Physical Parameters and Magnetic Activity of M-type Stars Based on the LAMOST DR9, SDSS, and TESS Surveys
Authors: Li Wenjie , Zhang Li-yun , Su Tianhao , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar , Pi Qingfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We analyze a catalog comprising 781,232 spectra from 641,095 M dwarf stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) low-resolution spectroscopic data release 9. Based on the equivalent width of the Hα line, we ascertain the activity properties of the stars, identifying a total of 107,134 active stars, with 31,175 exhibiting Hα variations. Furthermore, we establish a positive correlation between starspot activity from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite light curves, and chromospheric activity observed through LAMOST spectra on M dwarf stars. Utilizing LAMOST and Gaia data, we map the two-dimensional distribution of active fractions across all M dwarfs in the Milky Way based on Hα and Hβ lines, confirming a decrease in the active fraction as the distance above the Galactic disk increases. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between chromospheric activity and absolute height above the Galactic disk in various M subtypes. Our findings reveal distinct trends: for M0 to M5 dwarf stars, the active fraction of Hα and Hβ lines rapidly decreases within the 0–300 pc range. In the 300–500 pc range, M0 to M4 dwarf stars exhibit a gradual increase, followed by a decrease in the 500–1000 pc range. Conversely, M5 dwarf stars show no significant gradual increase in the 300–500 pc range and decrease in the 500–1000 pc range. More data will be needed to confirm the phenomenon.
A Pileup of Coronal Mass Ejections Produced the Largest Geomagnetic Storm in Two Decades
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong , Zhao Xiaowei , Chen Chong , Wang Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The largest geomagnetic storm in two decades occurred in 2024 May with a minimum D
st of −412 nT. We examine its solar and interplanetary origins by combining multipoint imaging and in situ observations. The source active region, NOAA AR 13664, exhibited extraordinary activity and produced successive halo eruptions, which were responsible for two complex ejecta observed at the Earth. In situ measurements from STEREO A, which was 12.°6 apart, allow us to compare the “geo-effectiveness” at the Earth and STEREO A. We obtain key findings concerning the formation of solar superstorms and how mesoscale variations of coronal mass ejections affect geo-effectiveness: (1) the 2024 May storm supports the hypothesis that solar superstorms are “perfect storms” in nature, i.e., a combination of circumstances resulting in an event of an unusual magnitude; (2) the first complex ejecta, which caused the geomagnetic superstorm, shows considerable differences in the magnetic field and associated “geo-effectiveness” between the Earth and STEREO A, despite a mesoscale separation; and (3) two contrasting cases of complex ejecta are found in terms of the geo-effectiveness at the Earth, which is largely due to different magnetic field configurations within the same active region.
Magnetic Field Geometry of the Gamma-Ray Binary PSR B1259–63 Revealed via X-Ray Polarization
Authors: Kaaret Philip , Roberts Oliver J. , Ehlert Steven R. , Swartz Douglas A. , Weisskopf Martin C. , Liodakis Ioannis , Saade M. Lynne , O’Dell Stephen L. , Chen Chien-Ting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Some X-ray binaries containing an energetic pulsar in orbit around a normal star accelerate particles to high energies in the shock cone formed where the pulsar and stellar winds collide. The magnetic field geometry in the acceleration region in such binaries is unknown. We performed the first measurement of the polarization of the X-ray synchrotron emission from a gamma-ray-emitting binary system. We observed PSR B1259–63 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer during an X-ray bright phase following the periastron passage in 2024 June. X-ray polarization is detected with a polarization degree of 8.3% ± 1.5% at a significance of 5.3σ. The X-ray polarization angle is aligned with the axis of the shock cone at the time of the observation. This indicates that the predominant component of the magnetic field in the acceleration region is oriented perpendicular to the shock-cone axis.
Lava Worlds Surface Measurements at High Temperatures
Authors: Fortin Marc-Antoine , Gazel Esteban , Williams Daniel B. , Thompson James O. , Kaltenegger Lisa , Ramsey Michael S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
First measurements of the emission of lava worlds with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) probe the conditions on worlds so hot that their surfaces are likely molten or partially molten. These observations provide a unique opportunity to explore rocky planets’ evolution. Surfaces of lava world exoplanets can give insights into their composition and their interior workings. However, data of spectral emissivity of a wide range of potential exoplanet surface compositions and temperatures is required to understand JWST data. Here, we chose eight synthetic, potential exoplanet surfaces that span a wide range of chemical compositions to provide observers with a tool for the interpretation of JWST data for the exploration of lava worlds. We present the measured infrared emissivity spectra (2.5–20 μm) of these materials for temperatures between 800° C and 1350° C. Our data comprise the first spectral library of possible high-temperature exoplanet surfaces. From these measurements, we establish the link between composition and a strong spectral feature at around 9 μm, the Christiansen frequency (CF) for different temperatures. Additionally, we report that the shift in the CF associated with the bulk composition of the material is significantly more important than its temperature. This provides a critical tool to aid in interpreting future spectra of lava worlds that will be collected by the JWST and future missions.
Evidence for Widespread Hydrogen Sequestration within the Moon’s South Pole Cold Traps
Authors: McClanahan T. P. , Parsons A. M. , Livengood T. A. , Su J. J. , Chin G. , Hamara D. , Harshman K. , Starr R. D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen-bearing volatiles are observed to be concentrated, likely in the form of water ice, within most of the Moon's permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), poleward of 77° S. Results show that instrumental blurring of the Moon’s epithermal neutron flux correlates the PSRs’ observed hydrogen concentration by their areal density. Epithermal neutron observations of 502 PSRs are positively correlated indicating that they have similar expected hydrogen concentrations, 0.28 ± 0.03 wt% water-equivalent hydrogen, relative to neutron background observations (lower bounds). The correlation arises from the PSRs’ proportional detection attributed to their similar hydrogen distributions and their areal fraction of the collimated instrument footprint of the Collimated Sensor for Epithermal Neutrons (CSETN), which is part of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The lowest hydrogen concentration areas coincide with low PSR areal densities that occur with highly illuminated and warm, equator-facing sloped surfaces. Results show that the maximum hydrogen concentrations observed within the Haworth, Shoemaker, and Faustini PSRs coincide with their coldest surface temperatures, below 75 K that occur near the base of their poleward-facing slopes. Anomalously enhanced hydrogen concentrations around the Cabeus-1 PSR suggest at least two lunar hydrogen sources. The uncollimated neutron counting rate map is subtracted from CSETN’s collimated neutron map using a novel spatial bandpass filter. The results indicate water ice and perhaps other hydrogen-bearing volatiles are being randomly distributed to the surface and the PSRs’ low sublimation rates likely maximize their residence times and elevate their surface concentrations. CSETN’s corrected south polar map is correlated to coregistered maximum temperature and topography maps made by LRO’s Diviner and Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter instruments.
Long-term clinical course of patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: A more than 10-year follow-up cohort study
Authors: Kulbachinskaya Ekaterina , Bereznitskaya Vera 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited disorder characterized by ventricular arrhythmias induced by physical or emotional stress. Currently, there are limited data available on the long-term prognosis of CPVT.

Methods and Results:
In this study, which included both retrospective and prospective components, 12 patients with CPVT (7 males and 5 females) under 18 years old were enrolled to gather and evaluate demographic, clinical, and genetic data. The mean age at diagnosis onset was 7.0 ± 3.1 years. All patients experienced syncope. The mean follow-up duration was 20.1 years. During the follow-up period, all patients experienced at least one episode of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Despite beta-blocker therapy, nine patients experienced syncope (75%), and four patients were noncompliant with their treatment. An implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation was performed in 10 patients (83%), and among those 5 (50%) experienced appropriate shocks. Inappropriate shocks were observed in all patients with an ICD. The left cardiac sympathetic denervation was performed in 6 patients (50%). One patient died during the follow-up period. Genetic testing was performed in eight patients, five of whom had RYR2 mutations, one patient had mutations in CASQ2, one in TECRL, and one was gene-elusive.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of cardiac events, even after the initiation of beta-blocker therapy, was found to be distressingly high during long-term follow-up. SVT, such as atrial fibrillation, were found to be more common than previously thought. Combination therapy with a beta-blocker and an IC antiarrhythmic drug shows promise. An individualized approach to the selection of treatment strategies is essential.
Three for one – Cardiac perforations at three sites following atrial septal defect device closure
Authors: Agarwal Ravi , Srinivasan Sowmya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The interventional cardiac catheterization for treating congenital heart disease has evolved. Complications following interventional procedures might need emergency surgery as a bailout. Here, we report a case of cardiac perforations in three different sites following device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD). In literature, the major sites of ASD device erosion are at the roof of the right atrium (RA), left atrium (LA), or at the atrial junction with the aorta. In our patient, the device eroded at all three sites: the roof of the LA, RA, and the aorta, causing hemopericardium.
Challenges in congenital heart disease in the Amazon region countries: A scoping review
Authors: Almeida Sophia Livas de Morais , da Cunha Andreza dos Santos Laranjeira , Silva Renata de Castro , dos Santos Raillon Keven , Novelleto Ana Luiza Menezes Teles , Estevam Thayla Lais Lima , Carvalho Luana Izabela Azevedo de , Tuda Luísa Tiemi Souza , Souza Celsa da Silva Moura , Araujo Júnior Edward , Amorim Luciane Alves da Rocha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
This study aimed to systematically analyze and describe the main challenges of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in the countries in the Amazon region.

Methods:
The methodology followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist utilizing the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles addressing any topic involving CHD in the Amazon region. Incomplete articles, book chapters, lectures, conference abstracts, and editorials were excluded.

Results:
Nine studies were identified, 7 of which were published in the last decade and were of Colombian and Brazilian origin. The methodology of the studies was cross-sectional and ecological, evaluating the regional and epidemiological factors, challenges to diagnosis and treatment, multidisciplinary team challenges, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies carried out by surgeons demonstrate more existing data regarding the challenges of the health-care system.

Conclusions:
There is growing interest in analyzing the situation of CHD in the region. However, only a few studies are available, mostly on ecological and cross-sectional analysis. These records show the lack of hospital infrastructure and multidisciplinary teams for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD in the Amazon region; we see an initiative by specialists from two countries (Colombia and Brazil) to demonstrate the difficulties by seeking international training programs and government aid to improve the health system situation.
Effect of Recast Cobalt Chrome Base Metal Alloy on Flexural Bond Strength of Metal Ceramic Restoration
Authors: Philip Gibi Babu , Patel Kavan A. , Bipinchandra Liya Neha , Patel Ruchita , Jacob Soniya Sara , Dhanya V.H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the outcome of recasting of CoCr alloy on the metal ceramic flexural bond strength.

Materials and Methods:
50 resin patterns were fabricated and divided into 5 equal groups and casted as: Group 1 containing 0%, Group 2 containing 20%, Group 3 containing 30%, Group 4 containing 40%, and Group 5 containing 100% recast alloy. They were layered with VITA VMK 68 porcelain powder and put through to 3-point bending test using Universal Testing Machine. Data obtained was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA which was followed by Tukey honest significant difference post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results:
A reduction in bond strength was noted as the percentage of recast alloys were increased. Group 5 showed a notable reduction (P < 0.001) in bond strength compared to other groups as it was performed on 100% recast alloys.

Conclusions:
Metal ceramic flexural bond strength reduced as the percentage of one-time used alloy increased. 40% of once used alloy can be considered safe to achieve optimal bond strength.
Effect of Local Anesthesia with and without the Vasoconstrictor on Blood Glycemic Level in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth Extractions
Authors: Kumari Sujata , Singh Chandandeep , Jaitly Riya , Kondaveeti Suresh B. , Morsy Mohamed S. M. , Qurishi Ahtesham A. , Ojha Akshaya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vasoconstrictors with local anesthetics provide a bloodless as well as toxicity-free area for effortless extraction tooth. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of local anesthesia (LA) with adrenaline and without adrenaline on blood glycemic levels in patients undergoing tooth extraction.

Material and Method:
A total of 120 patients who require multiple extractions consisting of 60 healthy and 60 diabetic patients in need of multiple extractions were selected for this study. Subjects were given plain lignocaine on their 1st visit and tooth extraction was performed. After seven days lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline was administered to the same patient for a similar procedure. Blood glycemic levels were estimated at regular intervals that is before and right away after the administration of LA) 10 and 20 min on both occasions.

Results:
Comparing the glucose level at 10 min and 20 min showed a statistically significant distinction (P < 0.001) in healthy subjects. Comparing the glucose level at 10 min and 20 min intervals showed highly statistically significant distinction (P < 0.001) in diabetic subjects (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
LA with vasoconstrictor leads to an elevation in blood glycemic level in patients with NIDDM.
Correlation of perfusion index change and analgesic efficacy in transforaminal steroid injection for lumbosacral pain, a prospective observational study
Authors: Gatorwala Heley , Bangera Ananda 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:
Low back pain is a common problem and a major burden to society. Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is one of the most effective treatment modalities for back pain. We aim to objectively quantify pain relief of lumbosacral radicular pain post transforaminal steroid injection by correlating perfusion index (PI), reflecting real-time peripheral blood flow change at the site of monitoring, controlled by sympathetic system with Numerical rate score (NRS) and SLRT improvement.

Material and Methods:
A prospective observational study, conducted at K.S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, from June 2021 to June 2022 as a time-bound study. After IEC clearance (IEC certificate number) for the procedure and study, patients undergoing transforaminal epidural steroid injection for lumbosacral radicular pain were enrolled, excluding those meeting the exclusion criteria. PI change and NRS score improvement were noted at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes along with pre and post-procedure SLRT. Results were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 40 patients were analyzed. PI change at 30 minutes was 2.113 from a baseline of 0.217. Median NRS of 5, improved to 0 and the mean SLRT of 45.17 to 61.45 at the end of 30 minutes. All changes are statistically significant with P (<0.01). correlation between the PI change with NRS is mild (-0.312).

Conclusion:
PI change ratio shows an overall improvement in pain levels objectively, in a non-invasive, easy, and reliable way. Simultaneous improvement in both NRS and SLRT is clinically significant but cannot predict a correlated quantitative measure of pain relief.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of COVID-19 in Pregnancy in Tertiary Care Centers in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Al-Fadel Nouf , Almutairi Abdulaale , Alshameri Mariam , Albarrak Ghada , Almahmoud Shahad , Madkhali Azza , Almakhlafi Nada , Shams Taghreed , Allarakia Sabah , Al-Hashemi Hasham , Kurdi Saad , Faden Yaser , Al-Sum Hythem , Faisal Noorelahi , Alrefai Alyaa , Al Ansari Yousif , Al Mshaity Manal , Al Ghilan Nadia , Al-Ammari Maha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been linked to increased risks of severe maternal outcomes globally, including intensive care unit admissions and mechanical ventilation. Studies and reports suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 face higher risks of complications. However, there is limited data directly comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with and without COVID-19.

Objectives:
We aimed to compare both maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with and without COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at two Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Hospitals in Saudi Arabia, including all pregnant women, who delivered and received follow-up care at either site between March 2020 and October 2021. COVID-19 infection was confirmed by laboratory tests in the infected patients. Descriptive statistics were conducted for the cohort baseline description, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the associated risks for maternal, and neonatal outcomes.

Results:
The study included 639 pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection and 644 pregnant women with no COVID-19 infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of stillbirth [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.88; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.89, 11.74] or miscarriage (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.24, 1.09) between COVID-19 infected and noninfected pregnant women. On the other hand, COVID-19 infection was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.20), Apgar score-1 min <7 (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.62, 3.29), and Apgar score-5 min <7 (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.92, 4.27).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that infants born to pregnant women with COVID-19 infection were more likely to have neonatal complications compared with those born to noninfected women. Future prospective studies could include the long-term effects of maternal and neonatal COVID-19 infection.