bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of pay-for-performance for chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Otts Jo Ann A. , Pearce Patricia F. , Langford Cynthia A. 
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:
: The objective of this review is to assess the evidence on the effectiveness of implementation of a pay-for-performance program on clinical outcomes in the adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient receiving hemodialysis.
The review question is: What is the effectiveness of implementation of a pay-for-performance program on clinical outcomes in the adult CKD patient receiving hemodialysis, as compared to the period immediately before implementation of the program?
More specifically, the objectives are to identify:The effectiveness of a pay-for-performance program on management of anemia in the adult chronic hemodialysis patient, with hemoglobin reported as grams per deciliter (g/dL).The effectiveness of a pay-for-performance program on adequacy of hemodialysis, as measured by a single-pool Kt/V, where “K” equals the dialyzer clearance of urea, “t” equals the time on dialysis and “V” equals the volume of distribution of urea,
1
or a urea reduction ratio (URR), where the URR = 100 × (1 − post-dialysis blood urea nitrogen [BUN]/pre-dialysis BUN).
2
Incidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ho Portia , Patman Shane , Bulsara Caroline , Downs Jenny , Bulsara Max , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:: The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence to determine the incidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community.
eHealth interventions for parents in neonatal intensive care units: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dol Justine , Delahunty-Pike Alannah , Siani Sheren Anwar , Campbell-Yeo Marsha 
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to examine the effect of electronic health (eHealth) interventions used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on parent-related and infant outcomes.
Experiences of substitute decision makers in making decisions for older persons diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder at end of life: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Cresp Sarah J. , Lee Susan F. , Moss Cheryle 
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on how substitute decision makers (SDMs) are affected by and experience making decisions at end of life (EOL) for older persons diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder (major NCD) (dementia). Addressing the objective will provide an understanding of SDMs’ experiences of making decisions for older persons diagnosed with major NCD at EOL, in order to tailor supportive education and interventions and potentially decrease inopportune outcomes.
Specifically, the review questions are as follows:How are SDMs affected by making decisions at EOL for older persons diagnosed with NCD?What are the experiences of SDMs in making decisions at EOL for older persons diagnosed with NCD?
Footwear and insole design features to prevent foot ulceration in people with diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Collings Richard , Freeman Jennifer , Latour Jos M. , Glasser Sam , Paton Joanne 
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:
The aim of this systematic review is to identify the key design features of footwear and insoles that are used to offload the plantar surface of the foot to prevent foot ulceration in adults with diabetes.
More specifically, the objectives are to identify the key design features of footwear and insoles to offload the plantar surface of the foot with regard to:Profile/shape of the insole, shoe upper and shoe outsoleMaterial type and properties of the insole and shoe outsoleModifications made to the insole and shoe outsoleFabrication techniques used for the insole and shoe.
Comparative Evaluation of Subtyping Tools for Surveillance of Newly Emerging HIV-1 Strains
Authors: Fabeni Lavinia , Berno Giulia , Fokam Joseph , Bertoli Ada , Alteri Claudia , Gori Caterina , Forbici Federica , Takou Desiré , Vergori Alessandra , Zaccarelli Mauro , Maffongelli Gaetano , Borghi Vanni , Latini Alessandra , Pennica Alfredo , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Montella Francesco , Mussini Cristina , Andreoni Massimo , Antinori Andrea , Perno Carlo Federico , Santoro Maria Mercedes ,   The Resistance Study Group
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
HIV-1 non-B subtypes/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are increasing worldwide. Since subtype identification can be clinically relevant, we assessed the added value in HIV-1 subtyping using updated molecular phylogeny (Mphy) and the performance of routinely used automated tools. Updated Mphy (2015 updated reference sequences), used as a gold standard, was performed to subtype 13,116 HIV-1 protease/reverse transcriptase sequences and then compared with previous Mphy (reference sequences until 2014) and with COMET, REGA, SCUEAL, and Stanford subtyping tools. Updated Mphy classified subtype B as the most prevalent (73.4%), followed by CRF02_AG (7.9%), C (4.6%), F1 (3.4%), A1 (2.2%), G (1.6%), CRF12_BF (1.2%), and other subtypes (5.7%). A 2.3% proportion of sequences were reassigned as different subtypes or CRFs because of misclassification by previous Mphy. Overall, the tool most concordant with updated Mphy was Stanford-v8.1 (95.4%), followed by COMET (93.8%), REGA-v3 (92.5%), Stanford-old (91.1%), and SCUEAL (85.9%). All the tools had a high sensitivity (≥98.0%) and specificity (≥95.7%) for subtype B. Regarding non-B subtypes, Stanford-v8.1 was the best tool for C, D, and F subtypes and for CRFs 01, 02, 06, 11, and 36 (sensitivity, ≥92.6%; specificity, ≥99.1%). A1 and G subtypes were better classified by COMET (92.3%) and REGA-v3 (98.6%), respectively. Our findings confirm Mphy as the gold standard for accurate HIV-1 subtyping, although Stanford-v8.1, occasionally combined with COMET or REGA-v3, represents an effective subtyping approach in clinical settings. Periodic updating of HIV-1 reference sequences is fundamental to improving subtype characterization in the context of an effective epidemiological surveillance of non-B strains.
Proviral Features of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Carriers with Indeterminate Western Blot Analysis Results
Authors: Kuramitsu Madoka , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Yamochi Tadanori , Firouzi Sanaz , Sato Tomoo , Umeki Kazumi , Sasaki Daisuke , Hasegawa Hiroo , Kubota Ryuji , Sobata Rieko , Matsumoto Chieko , Kaneko Noriaki , Momose Haruka , Araki Kumiko , Saito Masumichi , Nosaka Kisato , Utsunomiya Atae , Koh Ki-Ryang , Ogata Masao , Uchimaru Kaoru , Iwanaga Masako , Sagara Yasuko , Yamano Yoshihisa , Okayama Akihiko , Miura Kiyonori , Satake Masahiro , Saito Shigeru , Itabashi Kazuo , Yamaguchi Kazunari , Kuroda Makoto , Watanabe Toshiki , Okuma Kazu , Hamaguchi Isao 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Western blotting (WB) for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is performed to confirm anti-HTLV-1 antibodies detected at the initial screening of blood donors and in pregnant women. However, the frequent occurrence of indeterminate results is a problem with this test. We therefore assessed the cause of indeterminate WB results by analyzing HTLV-1 provirus genomic sequences. A quantitative PCR assay measuring HTLV-1 provirus in WB-indeterminate samples revealed that the median proviral load was approximately 100-fold lower than that of WB-positive samples (0.01 versus 0.71 copy/100 cells). Phylogenic analysis of the complete HTLV-1 genomes of WB-indeterminate samples did not identify any specific phylogenetic groups. When we analyzed the nucleotide changes in 19 HTLV-1 isolates from WB-indeterminate samples, we identified 135 single nucleotide substitutions, composed of four types, G to A (29%), C to T (19%), T to C (19%), and A to G (16%). In the most frequent G-to-A substitution, 64% occurred at GG dinucleotides, indicating that APOBEC3G is responsible for mutagenesis in WB-indeterminate samples. Moreover, interestingly, five WB-indeterminate isolates had nonsense mutations in Pol and/or Tax, Env, p12, and p30. These findings suggest that WB-indeterminate carriers have low production of viral antigens because of a combination of a low proviral load and mutations in the provirus, which may interfere with host recognition of HTLV-1 antigens.
Evaluation of the Biological Properties and Cross-Reactive Antibody Response to H10 Influenza Viruses in Ferrets
Authors: Sutton Troy C. , Lamirande Elaine W. , Czako Rita , Subbarao Kanta 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The recent outbreak of avian origin H10N7 influenza among seals in northern Europe and two fatal human infections with an avian H10N8 virus in China have demonstrated that H10 viruses can spread between mammals and cause severe disease in humans. To gain insight into the potential for H10 viruses to cross the species barrier and to identify a candidate vaccine strain, we evaluated the
in vitro
and
in vivo
properties and antibody response in ferrets to 20 diverse H10 viruses. H10 virus infection of ferrets caused variable weight loss, and all 20 viruses replicated throughout the respiratory tract; however, replication in the lungs was highly variable. In glycan-binding assays, the H10 viruses preferentially bound “avian-like” α2,3-linked sialic acids. Importantly, several isolates also displayed strong binding to long-chain “human-like” α2,6-linked sialic acids and exhibited comparable or elevated neuraminidase activity relative to human H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 viruses. In hemagglutination inhibition assays, 12 antisera cross-reacted with ≥14 of 20 H10 viruses, and 7 viruses induced neutralizing activity against ≥15 of the 20 viruses. By combining data on weight loss, viral replication, and the cross-reactive antibody response, we identified A/mallard/Portugal/79906/2009 (H10N7) as a suitable virus for vaccine development. Collectively, our findings suggest that H10 viruses may continue to sporadically infect humans and other mammals, underscoring the importance of developing an H10 vaccine for pandemic preparedness.

IMPORTANCE
Avian origin H10 influenza viruses sporadically infect humans and other mammals; however, little is known about viruses of this subtype. Thus, we characterized the biological properties of 20 H10 viruses
in vitro
and in ferrets. Infection caused mild to moderate weight loss (5 to 15%), with robust viral replication in the nasal tissues and variable replication in the lung. H10 viruses preferentially bind “avian-like” sialic acids, although several isolates also displayed binding to “human-like” sialic acid receptors. This is consistent with the ability of H10 viruses to cross the species barrier and warrants selection of an H10 vaccine strain. By evaluating the cross-reactive antibody response to the H10 viruses and combining this analysis with viral replication and weight loss findings, we identified A/mallard/Portugal/79906/2009 (H10N7) as a suitable H10 vaccine strain.
Health promotion through sport: international sport federations’ priorities, actions and opportunities
Authors: Mountjoy Margo , Costa A , Budgett R , Dvorak J , Engebretsen L , Miller S , Moran J , Foster J , Carr J 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo identify areas of priority and activity for international sportsfederations (IFs) with respect to athlete health and safety, and global health. Results serve to direct the work of the Association of Summer Olympic IF Medical and Scientific Consultative Group, the International Olympic Committee and to influence IFs’ planning and priorities.MethodsThe 28 IFs participating in the Summer Olympic Games (2016) were asked to rank the relative importance of 11 health-related topics and to report their activities or research initiatives on 27 identified topics using an electronic survey. A comparison with a similar survey (2012) was made.ResultsThe response rate was 100%. In general, the ‘fight against doping’ had the highest priority followed by‘image as a safe sport’. The topics with the lowest importance ratings were ‘increasing the number of elite athletes’, and ‘health of the general population’. Despite ranking ‘health of your athletes,’ as a top priority, IFs are not addressing all aspects of athlete health. In comparison with 2012, there was a significant decrease in priority for IFs is ‘health of the general population’.ConclusionDespite the widespread knowledge of the importance of the promotion of physical activity (sport) on global health, the decreasing priority and programming of the IFs on physical activity promotion is concerning. Although IFs have prioritised the protection of the health of elite athletes, there are gaps in programming demonstrating that IFs are missing important areas of athlete health. Improving recreational athlete health programming could also benefit population health as well as improve IF fan base and sport participation.
Witnessing farm animal abuse during work experience
Authors: Brown Richard 
Published: July 2017

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Witnessing farm animal abuse during work experience’, was submitted and is discussed by Richard Brown. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Steven McCulloch, a practising vet with a PhD in the ethics of veterinary policy. It aims to provide a framework that will help practitioners find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Validation and characterization of a novel method for selective vagal deafferentation of the gut
Authors: Diepenbroek Charlene , Quinn Danielle , Stephens Ricky , Zollinger Benjamin , Anderson Seth , Pan Annabelle , de Lartigue Guillaume 
Published: July 2017

There is a lack of tools that selectively target vagal afferent neurons (VAN) innervating the gut. We use saporin (SAP), a potent neurotoxin, conjugated to the gastronintestinal (GI) hormone cholecystokinin (CCK-SAP) injected into the nodose ganglia (NG) of male Wistar rats to specifically ablate GI‐VAN. We report that CCK-SAP ablates a subpopulation of VAN in culture. In vivo, CCK-SAP injection into the NG reduces VAN innervating the mucosal and muscular layers of the stomach and small intestine but not the colon, while leaving vagal efferent neurons intact. CCK-SAP abolishes feeding-induced c-Fos in the NTS, as well as satiation by CCK or glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). CCK-SAP in the NG of mice also abolishes CCK-induced satiation. Therefore, we provide multiple lines of evidence that injection of CCK-SAP in NG is a novel selective vagal deafferentation technique of the upper GI tract that works in multiple vertebrate models. This method provides improved tissue specificity and superior separation of afferent and efferent signaling compared with vagotomy, capsaicin, and subdiaphragmatic deafferentation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We develop a new method that allows targeted lesioning of vagal afferent neurons that innervate the upper GI tract while sparing vagal efferent neurons. This reliable approach provides superior tissue specificity and selectivity for vagal afferent over efferent targeting than traditional approaches. It can be used to address questions about the role of gut to brain signaling in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Treadmill vs. overground walking: different response to physical interaction
Authors: Ochoa Julieth , Sternad Dagmar , Hogan Neville 
Published: July 2017

Rehabilitation of human motor function is an issue of growing significance, and human-interactive robots offer promising potential to meet the need. For the lower extremity, however, robot-aided therapy has proven challenging. To inform effective approaches to robotic gait therapy, it is important to better understand unimpaired locomotor control: its sensitivity to different mechanical contexts and its response to perturbations. The present study evaluated the behavior of 14 healthy subjects who walked on a motorized treadmill and overground while wearing an exoskeletal ankle robot. Their response to a periodic series of ankle plantar flexion torque pulses, delivered at periods different from, but sufficiently close to, their preferred stride cadence, was assessed to determine whether gait entrainment occurred, how it differed across conditions, and if the adapted motor behavior persisted after perturbation. Certain aspects of locomotor control were exquisitely sensitive to walking context, while others were not. Gaits entrained more often and more rapidly during overground walking, yet, in all cases, entrained gaits synchronized the torque pulses with ankle push-off, where they provided assistance with propulsion. Furthermore, subjects entrained to perturbation periods that required an adaption toward slower cadence, even though the pulses acted to accelerate gait, indicating a neural adaptation of locomotor control. Lastly, during 15 post-perturbation strides, the entrained gait period was observed to persist more frequently during overground walking. This persistence was correlated with the number of strides walked at the entrained gait period (i.e., longer exposure), which also indicated a neural adaptation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that the response of human locomotion to physical interaction differs between treadmill and overground walking. Subjects entrained to a periodic series of ankle plantar flexion torque pulses that shifted their gait cadence, synchronizing ankle push-off with the pulses (so that they assisted propulsion) even when gait cadence slowed. Entrainment was faster overground and, on removal of torque pulses, the entrained gait period persisted more prominently overground, indicating a neural adaptation of locomotor control.
Circulating RANKL and RANKL/OPG and Breast Cancer Risk by ER and PR Subtype: Results from the EPIC Cohort
Authors: Sarink Danja , Schock Helena , Johnson Theron , Overvad Kim , Holm Marianne , Tjønneland Anne , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , His Mathilde , Kvaskoff Marina , Boeing Heiner , Lagiou Pagona , Papatesta Eleni-Maria , Trichopoulou Antonia , Palli Domenico , Pala Valeria , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B(as). , van Gils Carla H. , Peeters Petra H. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Agudo Antonio , Sánchez Maria-José , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Amiano Pilar , Khaw Kay Tee , Travis Ruth , Dossus Laure , Gunter Mark , Rinaldi Sabina , Merritt Melissa , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf , Fortner Renée T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL) signaling promotes mammary tumor development in experimental models. Circulating concentrations of soluble RANKL (sRANKL) may influence breast cancer risk via activation of RANK signaling; this may be modulated by osteoprotegerin (OPG), the decoy receptor for RANKL. sRANKL and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor subtype has not previously been investigated. A case–control study was nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. This study included 1,976 incident invasive breast cancer cases [estrogen receptor positive (ER+), n = 1,598], matched 1:1 to controls. Women were pre- or postmenopausal at blood collection. Serum sRANKL was quantified using an ELISA, serum OPG using an electrochemiluminescent assay. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Associations between sRANKL and breast cancer risk differed by tumor hormone receptor status (Phet = 0.05). Higher concentrations of sRANKL were positively associated with risk of ER+ breast cancer [5th vs. 1st quintile RR 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01–1.63); Ptrend = 0.20], but not ER− disease. For both ER+ and estrogen and progesterone receptor positive (ER+PR+) breast cancer, results considering the sRANKL/OPG ratio were similar to those for sRANKL; we observed a suggestive inverse association between the ratio and ER−PR− disease [5th vs. 1st quintile RR = 0.60 (0.31–1.14); Ptrend = 0.03]. This study provides the first large-scale prospective data on circulating sRANKL and breast cancer. We observed limited evidence for an association between sRANKL and breast cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res; 10(9); 525–34. ©2017 AACR.
Inpatient Mortality Risk Scores and Postdischarge Events in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Win Sithu , Hussain Imad , Hebl Virginia B. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: July 2017

Background
The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) and Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) registries have developed simple heart failure (HF) in-hospital mortality risk scores. We hypothesized that HF scores predictive of in-hospital mortality would perform as well for early postdischarge mortality risk stratification.

Methods and Results

In this single-center, community-based, retrospective study of all consecutive primary HF hospitalizations (6203 hospitalizations in 3745 patients) from 2000 to 2013, the ADHERE and GWTG risk scores were calculated from admission data. There were 176 (3.0%) and 399 (6.7%), 869 (14.7%), and 1272 (21.5%) deaths in-hospital and at 30, 90, and 180 days postdischarge, respectively. The GWTG but not ADHERE risk score was well calibrated for in-hospital mortality. Both the ADHERE (C statistic 0.66 and 0.67, 0.64, and 0.64) and GWTG (C statistic 0.74 and 0.73, 0.71, and 0.70) HF risk scores were similarly predictive of in-hospital and 30-, 90-, and 180-day postdischarge mortality. The ADHERE risk score identified 10% and the GWTG risk score identified 20% of hospitalizations where 180-day postdischarge mortality was 50%, a prognostic bench mark for hospice referral. In contrast, hospitalizations characterized as lowest risk by the ADHERE (57% of hospitalizations; 180-day mortality 16.2%) or GWTG score (20% of hospitalizations; 180-day mortality 8.0%) had substantially lower mortality (odds ratios high versus low risk of 5–8 [ADHERE] and 11–18 [GWTG] across time points;
P
<0.0001 for all).

Conclusions
The simple ADHERE and GWTG scores stratify hospitalized HF patients for both inpatient and early postdischarge mortality risk, allowing comprehensive risk assessment on admission.