bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating lipoprotein(a) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nikoli Aikaterini , Orfanidou Myrsini , Goulas Antonis , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Polyzos Stergios A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are associated with cardiovascular diseases, existing data on Lp(a) in NAFLD are conflicting. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to summarize and compare data on circulating Lp(a) between NAFLD patients and non‐NAFLD controls.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. This meta‐analysis included 18 studies containing data on 74 691 individuals (20 220 patients with NAFLD and 54 471 controls).ResultsCirculating Lp(a) was similar between patients with NAFLD and controls (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.21, 0.38). The heterogeneity among studies was high (I2 = 100%); no publication bias was detected (Egger's test P = 0.941). However, in subgroup analysis, Lp(a) was lower in NAFLD patients than controls, when Lp(a) was measured with nephelometry (SMD ‐0.26; 95% CI ‐0.46, −0.06), but not turbidimetry; this analysis also resulted in mild reduction of heterogeneity within the subgroup of nephelometry (I2 = 87%). The sensitivity analyses, based on the exclusion of studies with Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale score ≤6 (n = 5), studies in which liver biopsy was used for NAFLD diagnosis (n = 4) or studies that adopted the criteria of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (n = 2), and meta‐regression analysis did not explain the high heterogeneity among studies.ConclusionsOverall, circulating Lp(a) was similar between NAFLD patients and non‐NAFLD controls; however, patients with NAFLD had lower circulating Lp(a) compared with controls, when Lp(a) was measured with nephelometry. These results should be cautiously interpreted, because of the high heterogeneity among studies.
Financial Sophistication and Consumer Spending
Authors: JØRRING ADAM TEJS 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUsing detailed account‐level data, this paper explores how financial sophistication affects consumers' spending responses to changes in income. I document that, controlling for liquidity, financially unsophisticated consumers display significant spending responses to predictable decreases in their disposable income. Furthermore, they have lower savings rates, fewer liquid savings, and higher debt‐to‐income ratios, leaving them more exposed to income shocks. Robustness tests, supported by anecdotal survey evidence, indicate that these results are driven by some consumers' lack of financial sophistication and their consequent failure to understand their financial contracts, rather than by random idiosyncratic shocks, rational liquidity management, or optimal inattention.
Melatonin Inhibits ET‐1 Production to Break Crosstalk Between Prostate Cancer and Bone Cells: Implication for Osteoblastic Bone Metastasis Treatment
Authors: Lin Liang‐Wei , Lin Tien‐Huang , Swain Sanskruti , Fang Jen‐Kai , Guo Jeng‐Hung , Yang Shun‐Fa , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBone metastasis is the primary cause of death among patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). PCa tends to spread to bones and acquire the bone‐like phenotype, causing osteoblastic bone metastasis. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for this condition. However, melatonin, which regulates our circadian rhythm, has been found to have anti‐tumor properties. It has yet to be established whether it is effective in treating osteoblastic PCa metastasis. Our findings show that melatonin inhibits the production of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in osteoblastic PCa cells, suppressing osteoblast differentiation. Clinical results indicate that bone metastatic PCa patients have higher levels of ET‐1 compared to nonmetastatic PCa patients. Furthermore, melatonin‐induced miR‐let‐7f‐5p inhibits ET‐1‐promoted osteoblast differentiation in osteoblastic PCa. Melatonin also suppresses the property of osteomimicry in osteoblastic PCa cells. Importantly, in the intratibia injection PCa metastasis model, melatonin decreased osteoblastic PCa tumor growth, inhibiting ET‐1 production and osteoblast differentiation in vivo. Taken together, melatonin inhibits osteoblastic PCa‐regulated osteoblastogenesis by reducing ET‐1 production through upregulation of miR‐let‐7f‐5p, while suppressing the property of osteomimicry in osteoblastic PCa. Melatonin therapy could be a promising approach to treating bone metastasis in osteoblastic PCa.
Gene Expression Shifts in Emperor Penguin Adaptation to the Extreme Antarctic Environment
Authors: Paris Josephine R. , Nitta Fernandes Flávia A. , Pirri Federica , Greco Samuele , Gerdol Marco , Pallavicini Alberto , Benoiste Marine , Cornec Clément , Zane Lorenzo , Haas Brian , Le Bohec Céline , Trucchi Emiliano 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGene expression can accelerate ecological divergence by rapidly tweaking the response of an organism to novel environments, with more divergent environments exerting stronger selection and supposedly, requiring faster adaptive responses. Organisms adapted to extreme environments provide ideal systems to test this hypothesis, particularly when compared to related species with milder ecological niches. The Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the only endothermic vertebrate breeding in the harsh Antarctic winter, in stark contrast with the less cold‐adapted sister species, the King penguin (A. patagonicus). Assembling the first de novo transcriptomes and analysing multi‐tissue (brain, kidney, liver, muscle, skin) RNA‐Seq data from natural populations of both species, we quantified the shifts in tissue‐enhanced genes, co‐expression gene networks, and differentially expressed genes characterising Emperor penguin adaptation to the extreme Antarctic. Our analyses revealed the crucial role played by muscle and liver in temperature homeostasis, fasting, and whole‐body energy metabolism (glucose/insulin regulation, lipid metabolism, fatty acid beta‐oxidation, and blood coagulation). Repatterning at the regulatory level appears as more important in the brain of the Emperor penguin, showing the lowest signature of differential gene expression, but the largest co‐expression gene network shift. Nevertheless, over‐expressed genes related to mTOR signalling in the brain and the liver support their central role in cold and fasting responses. Besides contributing to understanding the genetics underlying complex traits, like body energy reservoir management, our results provide a first insight into the role of gene expression in adaptation to one of the most extreme environmental conditions endured by an endotherm.
Yvonne Loriod and the Practice of Analytical Memory
Authors: Asimov Peter , Murray Christopher Brent 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe usefulness of music analysis in memorisation is well attested in music‐performance scholarship, even though the methods and processes of analytical memorisation are rarely documented and difficult to assess, especially in a historical perspective. The newly accessible working papers of Yvonne Loriod (1924–2010), a pianist renowned for her phenomenal musical memory, contain a corpus of small, handwritten aide‐mémoires (which she called pense‐bêtes) that offer an exemplary opportunity to study memorisation processes from a documentary perspective. Rather than detracting from Loriod's reputation as a memoriser, the pense‐bêtes contribute to our understanding of the personal music‐analytical strategies that facilitated her expert memory. We begin by reading Loriod's pense‐bêtes as evidence of a performer negotiating the social and analytical challenges of memorisation, asking what these private documents reveal about a modernist performance culture in which memorisation was conceived as a precondition of mastery. Next, we examine the pense‐bêtes as instances of performers’ analysis tailored to memory‐related issues, first with examples showing how Loriod navigated ‘dangerous passages’ by devising schematic solutions in score annotations and pense‐bêtes. We then proceed to three extended case studies featuring full formal reductions of works by Mozart and Messiaen. Considering these documents as serious instances of music‐analytical thought productively and empirically expands our understanding of the scope of performer's analysis: they complement and enrich existing analytical readings, underline the role of analysis as a practice integral to modernist musical performance and suggest new pathways for understanding the cognitive processes involved in apprehending complex forms.
Impact of social distancing policy on pediatric emergency ophthalmic severity during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Woo Hyung Kyoo , Chung Seung Ah , Jeon Hyelynn , Park Bumhee , Kim Jung Heon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the impact of social distancing policies (SDPs) on ophthalmic severity in children who underwent emergency ophthalmic referrals during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period.MethodsWe reviewed all children with ophthalmic referrals in a single academic hospital emergency department during the period from February 2017 to December 2019 (prepandemic) or February 2020 to December 2022 (pandemic). Baseline features, diagnosis‐based severity, and outcomes were compared between the two periods. The Government Response Stringency Index (GRSI), which ranges from 0 to 100, was used as a surrogate for the intensity of SDPs during the pandemic. Poisson regression was used to quantify the association of the GRSI with the severity.ResultsAmong 1074 children with ophthalmic referrals, 437 (40.7%) visited during the pandemic. This was 31.4% lower than that during the prepandemic period. In numbers, pandemic‐related declines were more modest in high severity than in medium‐to‐low severity (35.1% vs. 55.0%), and for injury than for illness (28.5% vs. 36.1%). In percentages, high severity increased from 63.3% to 71.3% (p = 0.016). The hospitalization rate increased from 1.7% to 3.9% (p = 0.029). For every 10‐point increase in GRSI, there was a 20.0% decrease in high severity (95% confidence interval, 5%–30%).ConclusionsThis study shows an inverse association of SDPs with ophthalmic severity and an increase in severe cases along with consistent flow of injury cases, amid the overall decline in eye‐related visits to the emergency department during the pandemic period.
Pollinator diversity of the food‐deceptive orchids in southern Italy
Authors: Carlomagno F. , Lanzino M. , Mendicino F. , Bonacci T. , Pellegrino G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The orchid family is renowned for its enormous diversity in pollination biology. Many orchid species use deception to attract pollinators, and the main strategy in terrestrial orchids is food deception. Food‐deceptive orchids usually show a low number of pollinator visitations, making field observations of pollinators difficult.
In this study visual census, pollinator capture and molecular analysis of pollinaria found on caught insects allowed us to obtain information on species composition of orchid pollinators.
A total of 321 insects were caught; most specimens were hymenopterans (Apis mellifera, Bombus ruderatus and Eucera rufa) and coleopterans (Tropinota hirta and T. squalida). The identity of species to which pollinaria found on the insect's body belonged was confirmed by molecular analysis. Moreover, some individuals of Billaea lata (Tachinidae, Diptera) were captured and photographed with the pollinaria on their head.
Two new and important results emerged clearly in this work: a dipteran, Billaea lata, pollinator of Anacamptis pyramidalis, and two beetles in the genus Tropinota are pollinators of Orchis italica. Our results confirm that generalized food‐deceptive orchids of the genera Orchis and Anacamptis show weak pollinator specificity.
Indigenous Perspectives on Dismantling the Legacies of Settler Colonialism in Rural Sociology☆
Authors: Carroll Clint , Curley Andrew , Martinez Doreen E. , Schneider Lindsey , Strube Johann 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRural Sociology has failed to incorporate Settler‐colonialism and Indigenous theory in studying rural social relations. This presents a serious gap in the discipline's conceptualization of land as the foundation of social reproduction. Indigenous theory provides rich insights about humans' relations among themselves and with the more‐than‐human that inform our understanding of Settler colonialism as a driver of social formation, and human–environmental interactions more generally. This paper, written by four Indigenous environmental social scientists and one Settler rural sociologist, invites the discipline to engage Indigeneity and Settler colonialism in methodologically, theoretically, and ethically appropriate ways.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐DRB1*16:79 Allele Using Short‐ and Long‐Read Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Andrade Gabriela , Cunha Mayara , Vianna Romulo , Porto Luís Cristóvão , Secco Danielle 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐DRB1*16:79 allele, first described in an individual from Brazil.
The potential benefits of extra screening for glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol on donor health management and retention
Authors: Liu Wen‐Jie , Chen Yun‐Yuan , Chen Jen‐Wei , Lin Chih‐Hung , Wei Sheng‐Tang , Hou Sheng‐Mou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn extra health screening, including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), was initiated for regular donors aged over 40 in Taiwan in November 2015. This study aimed to determine its benefits on donor health management and retention.Materials and MethodsA stratified random mail survey was conducted among donors who received HbA1c, TC and LDL‐C screening between November 2015 and June 2017 to investigate their awareness of the screening, medical histories and post‐screening behaviours. Their subsequent screening results and donation records from 3 years before and after the initial screening were obtained up to December 2021.ResultsIn total, 2070 donors participated in the mail survey, with participation rates ranging 15.7%–23.2% across study groups. The screening newly detected hyperglycaemia in 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2%–2.0%) and hyperlipidaemia in 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7%–1.4%) of participants, with 42.7% (95% CI: 40.3%–45.2%) of participants unaware of the screening. Participants with initially abnormal or borderline TC or LDL‐C results showed significant decreases in the subsequent screening (all p values<0.05). No difference was found in participants' awareness of the screening. However, those who sought medical consultation or made specific lifestyle changes tended to show greater improvements. Awareness of the screening was associated with increased whole blood donations and donated units.ConclusionThe extra health screening has limited benefits for donor health management without additional interventions, but it may motivate donors to donate more frequently. Raising donors' awareness of the screening is also crucial to maximize its benefits.
Comparison of computed tomography findings between perianal tumors originating from the anal sacs and perianal glands in dogs
Authors: Jeong Jeongyun , Goh Jinhyong , Nam Chaemin , Kim Namyul , Kim Jaehwan , Eom Kidong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTumors originating from the anal sacs and perianal glands are common tumors of the perianal region. However, differentiation of perianal tumors based on CT findings remains challenging because perianal tumors can show overlapping CT characteristics. Therefore, this retrospective, multi‐institutional study aimed to identify the CT findings that can differentiate between tumors originating from the anal sacs and perianal glands in canines. Twenty dogs were included, with nine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas (AGASACAs), six perianal gland adenomas, three perianal gland carcinomas, and two perianal gland epitheliomas. The tumor CT features included the tumor growth pattern, tumor shape, cystic changes within the tumor, contrast enhancement pattern, displacement of the anus, and identification of the anal sacs. The prevalences of suspected metastatic lymphadenopathy of the iliosacral lymph centers and lung metastases were evaluated. The tumor volumes and values normalized to body weight were also assessed. The tumor growth patterns differed significantly between AGASACAs and perianal gland tumors. AGASACAs mostly showed unilateral growth, whereas perianal gland tumors mostly exhibited bilateral growth. CT features, except for the tumor growth pattern, failed to show significant differences between tumors arising from the anal sacs and those arising from the perianal glands. Although histopathological diagnosis remains the gold standard, this study's findings suggest that CT analysis of tumor growth patterns may help differentiate AGASACAs from perianal gland tumors.
Hidden in the plains: Two new extra‐andean species of Euathlus (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) from Argentina with comments on their sexual behaviour
Authors: Allegue Maite , Ferretti Nelson 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo new species of Euathlus (Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich‐Königlichen Zoologisch‐Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1875, 25, 125) from Argentina are described. Euathlus ameghinoi sp. n. and Euathlus ventus sp. n. are the first records for the Patagonian Steppe. Here we used mitochondrial DNA (cox1) to perform the first molecular phylogeny of some representatives of the genus. In addition, we present the first description of the sexual behaviour of the genus. Both molecular and cladistic morphological analysis showed the genus Euathlus as monophyletic, and new species were recovered as sister groups. New species show new morphological variations of typical characters for the genus (e.g. tibial apophyses and palpal organs).
Wave Reformer Channel Shape Design for Enhanced Hydrogen Pyrolysis
Authors: Madiot G. , Tüchler S. , Akbari P. , Copeland C. D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A wave reformer utilizes shock-wave heating resulting from pressure exchange between a driver and a driven (reactant gas) to initiate a thermal decomposition reaction. Although widely applicable to many reactions, this paper will focus on the thermal pyrolysis of methane to produce hydrogen and solid (black) carbon. It uses wave rotor technology that has been applied to other applications but developed specifically here for high-temperature pyrolysis by New Wave Hydrogen, Inc. (NWH). This research uses a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) model implemented in ansysfluent to study the influence of new channel design features on the unsteady flow field and performance characteristics of the wave reformer. The primary objective of the work is to investigate the impact of variable area channel design on peak temperature (a proxy for thermal pyrolysis), which has received limited attention in existing literature. The model numerically solves the three-dimensional (3D), compressible, and unsteady Navier–Stokes equations, employing the k–ω SST turbulence model for closure. Additionally, it utilizes a cell-centered approach coupled to multispecies transport equations and a one-step finite-rate chemistry model. The channel's curvature is controlled with sigmoid functions to ensure a smooth area transition along the channel. The Q2D results reveal that as the fluid traverses the converging channel, its temperature increases due to the rising internal energy, necessary for enhancing hydrogen yields. However, an over-reduction in channel cross section results in a decrease in the driven mass flow rate, subsequently lowering the mass flow ratio. This work shows that, above a given threshold, there is a significant benefit to implementing converging channel designs in wave reformers for enhanced shock heating.
Integrated System Modal and Mistuning Identification for Integrally Bladed Rotors
Authors: Beck Joseph A. , Brown Jeffrey M. , Gillaugh Daniel L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The safety of integrally bladed rotors is often assessed through bench-level vibration tests to measure amplification factors and back-out sector frequency deviations via mistuning identification (ID) algorithms. This process is usually composed of two separate steps. First, a system ID step is completed to identify system modal data. Then, these data are input into mistuning ID algorithms. Errors in identified modal data will then propagate to produce errors in the system's predicted mistuning. Obtaining robust mistuning estimates then requires larger quantities of accurate modal data. This effort seeks to attain accurate mistuning data by coupling the system and mistuning ID steps into a more parallel, versus serial, process that is capable of identifying many system modes. An iterative polyreference-least squares complex frequency-domain (P-LSCF) algorithm finds modal data, and a mistuning ID algorithm obtains mistuning data at each iteration. An outlier detection method is proposed to remove spurious modes that cause erroneous mistuning results. Then, a weighted, least-squares regression approach is employed to remove the impact of sector-specific outlier data. This method reduces errors in identified mistuning parameters from the fundamental mistuning model ID algorithm. Furthermore, the approaches eliminate the need for users to determine true versus spurious system modes in each iteration of the P-LSCF algorithm, thus removing ambiguity. The developed approaches are tested on simulated and bench-top test data. Results show the efficacy of the developed approaches and their ability to account for uncertainty in mistuning parameters.
Numerical Modeling of a Primary Heat Exchanger in sCO2 Power Cycles for Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Guille Alexandre , Mohankumar Malini Bangalore , Unger Sebastian , Hampel Uwe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Renewable energy sources are the key for long-term decarbonization of energy. However, the intermittent nature of renewables does not always meet the energy demand in the electrical grid. Thus, electrical heated thermal energy storage systems (TES) coupled with sCO2 power cycles are investigated at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf as a possible solution to balance this mismatch. In this study, a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is considered as candidate for the 1 MW primary heat exchanger, given the mechanical challenge induced by drastic pressure difference between the hot fluid of the TES and the cold fluid of the power cycle. The present work consists of two parts, one elaborates a one-dimensional (1D) model in order to optimize the PCHE regarding the pump power required to compensate the pressure loss. It was found that the hot fluid coming from the TES accounts for 80% of the total pump power after optimization because of its low density and its high mass flow rate. Furthermore, three-dimensional simulations by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were done and compared to the results from the 1D model to ensure its validity. It was observed that the results from the 1D model and the CFD simulations are consistent, with a slight potential deviation in the calculation of the pressure profile.