bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Suicide Risk in Germany: A Longitudinal Study 2007–11
Authors: Helbich Marco , Plener Paul L. , Hartung Sebastian , Blüml Victor 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite comprehensive prevention programs in Germany, suicide has been on the rise again since 2007. The underlying reasons and spatiotemporal risk patterns are poorly understood. We assessed the spatiotemporal risk of suicide per district attributable to multiple risk and protective factors longitudinally for the period 2007–11. Bayesian space–time regression models were fitted. The nationwide temporal trend showed an increase in relative risk (RR) of dying from suicide (RR 1.008, 95% credibility intervals (CI) 1.001–1.016), whereas district-specific deviations from the grand trend occurred. Striking patterns of amplified risk emerged in southern Germany. While the number of general practitioners was positively related (RR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.006), income was negatively and non-linearly related with suicide risk, as was population density. Unemployment was associated and showed a marked nonlinearity. Neither depression prevalence nor mental health service supply were related. The findings are vital for the implementation of future suicide prevention programs. Concentrating preventive efforts on vulnerable areas of excess risk is recommended.
The white gene controls copulation success in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Xiao Chengfeng , Qiu Shuang , Robertson R. Meldrum 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCharacteristics of male courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster have been well-described, but the genetic basis of male-female copulation is largely unknown. Here we show that the white (w) gene, a classical gene for eye color, is associated with copulation success. 82.5% of wild-type Canton-S flies copulated within 60 minutes in circular arenas, whereas few white-eyed mutants mated successfully. The w+ allele exchanged to the X chromosome or duplicated to the Y chromosome in the white-eyed genetic background rescued the defect of copulation success. The w+-associated copulation success was independent of eye color phenotype. Addition of the mini-white (mw+) gene to the white-eyed mutant rescued the defect of copulation success in a manner that was mw+ copy number-dependent. Lastly, male-female sexual experience mimicked the effects of w+/mw+ in improving successful copulation. These data suggest that the w+ gene controls copulation success in Drosophila melanogaster.
Para-aortic lymph node metastases in pancreatic cancer should not be considered a watershed for curative resection
Authors: Hempel Sebastian , Plodeck Verena , Mierke Franz , Distler Marius , Aust Daniela E. , Saeger Hans-Detlev , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNo international consensus regarding the resection of the para-aortic lymph node (PALN) station Ln16b1 during pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been reached. The present retrospectively investigated 264 patients with PDAC who underwent curative pancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy between 2005–2015. In 95 cases, the PALN were separately labelled and histopathologically analysed. Metastatic PALN (PALN+) were found in 14.7% (14/95). PALN+ stage was associated with increased regional lymph node metastasis. The median overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic PALN and with non-metastatic PALN (PALN−) was 14.1 and 20.2 months, respectively. Five of the PALN+ patients (36%) survived >19 months. The OS of PALN+ and those staged pN1 PALN− was not significantly different (P = 0.743). Patients who underwent surgical exploration or palliative surgery (n = 194) had a lower median survival of 8.8 (95% confidence interval: 7.3–10.1) months. PALN status could not be reliably predicted by preoperative computed tomography. We concluded that the survival data of PALN+ cases is comparable with advanced pN+ stages; one-third of the patients may expect longer survival after radical resection. Therefore, routine refusal of curative resection in the case of PALN metastasis is not indicated.
Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Voice
Authors: Hamdan Abdul-Latif , Ziade Georges , Sarieddine Doja , Tabri Dollen , Allaw Fatima , Btaiche Rachel , Azar Sami 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to investigate the relationship between low level of vitamin D, phonatory symptoms, and acoustic findings.

Method
A total of 38 subjects presenting to the endocrinology clinic were enrolled in 2 groups: 19 with vitamin D deficiency who were not on treatment, and 19 with normal vitamin D level who were on treatment. Demographic data included age, gender, and history of smoking. All patients were asked about the presence or absence of dysphonia, degree of phonatory effort, and vocal fatigue. Acoustic analysis and perceptual evaluation using the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain scale were performed on all subjects.

Results
The mean age of the total group was 47.29 ± 13.52 years. The difference in the mean and frequency of phonatory effort, vocal fatigue, and dysphonia, and in the mean of the acoustic variables, perceptual parameters, and the score of the Voice Handicap Index-10 was not statistically significant between patients with low vitamin D levels compared with controls.

Conclusion
The results of this study revealed no significant difference in the prevalence of phonatory symptoms in patients with vitamin D deficiency compared with patients with no vitamin D deficiency. A larger study is needed to substantiate the difference in the prevalence of phonatory systems between the 2 groups.
A Systematic Review of Speech Assessments for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Recommendations for Best Practice
Authors: Broome Kate , McCabe Patricia , Docking Kimberley , Doble Maree 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a summary and evaluation of speech assessments used with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A subsequent narrative review was completed to ascertain the core components of an evidence-based pediatric speech assessment, which, together with the results of the systematic review, provide clinical and research guidelines for best practice.

Method
A systematic search of eight databases was used to find peer-reviewed research articles published between 1990 and 2014 assessing the speech of children with ASD. Eligible articles were categorized according to the assessment methods used and the speech characteristics described.

Results
The review identified 21 articles that met the inclusion criteria, search criteria, and confidence in ASD diagnosis. The speech of prelinguistic participants was assessed in seven articles. Speech assessments with verbal participants were completed in 15 articles with segmental and suprasegmental aspects of speech analyzed. Assessment methods included connected speech samples, single-word naming tasks, speech imitation tasks, and analysis of the production of words and sentences.

Conclusions
Clinical and research guidelines for speech assessment of children with ASD are outlined. Future comparisons will be facilitated by the use of consistent reporting methods in research focusing on children with ASD.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Intelligibility Measures in Adults With Dysarthria
Authors: Gurevich Naomi , Scamihorn Sydney L. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with adults with dysarthria were surveyed to investigate trends of clinical practice for assessing speech intelligibility.

Method
Two hundred ninety-six SLPs responded to an online survey October 22–November 30, 2015.

Results
Findings showed that 35% of SLPs lacked access to any standardized assessments of intelligibility, with 66% of these implicating cost as the main reason. Work settings played a role, as all SLPs working in Veterans Affairs hospitals and 97% of SLPs working in university or research clinics reported access to at least one formal assessment. Even with access to formal tools to measure intelligibility, most SLPs preferred less formal measures. It is surprising to note that many SLPs reported using physical examinations (e.g., of cranial nerves and oral mechanisms) to measure speech intelligibility.

Conclusions
Results indicate the need to increase SLP familiarity with, and access to, currently available standardized assessments, as well as to improve education regarding the fundamental need to rate speech to assess intelligibility. Clinicians may also benefit from new standardized methods to objectively assess intelligibility that are accessible, practical, and efficient.
Synthesis of Fluoropyrrolidines and (Fluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines
Authors: Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry 
Published: August 2017

Pyrrolidines and their derivatives are of great interest in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. Fluoropyrrolidines and (fluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines have been utilized in the preparation of medicinal drugs and also as organocatalysts. The synthesis of such compounds is achieved through the fluorination of pyrrolidine derivatives or by multistep synthesis from already containing fluoroalkyl precursors.1	Introduction1.1	General Interest of Fluorine-Containing Pyrrolidines1.2	Fluoroalkylpyrrolidines and the Gauche Effect2	Fluoropyrrolidines2.1	3-Fluoropyrrolidines2.2	3,3- and 3,4-Difluoropyrrolidines2.3	3,3,4-Trifluoropyrrolidines2.4	3,3,4,4-Tetrafluoropyrrolidines3	(Difluoromethyl)- and (Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines3.1	2-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines3.2	3- and 4-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines3.3	2-(Difluoromethyl)pyrrolidines3.4	3- and 4-(Difluoromethyl)pyrrolidines4	(Monofluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines4.1	2-(Monofluoromethyl)pyrrolidines4.2	2-(Monofluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines4.3	2-(Monofluoroalkenyl)pyrrolidines5	Conclusion
Recent Advances in Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides
Authors: Xie Linghai , Tong Rong , Feng Quanyou , Zhong Yongliang 
Published: August 2017

Poly(α-hydroxy acids) are important biodegradable polymers with wide applications. Recently O-carboxyanhydrides (OCAs) have emerged as promising monomer equivalents of lactides to synthesize poly(α-hydroxy acids). We will highlight recent advances in controlled ring-opening polymerization of OCAs catalyzed by organocatalysts, enzymes, or organometallic complexes.1	Introduction2	Organocatalysts for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization2.1	Synthesis of O-Carboxyanhydride Monomers2.2	Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Catalyzed by 4-Dimethylaminopyridine2.3	Epimerization in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Catalyzed by the Pyridine Base2.4	N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides3	Enzymes for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization4	Organometallic Catalysts for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization4.1	Early Efforts4.2	Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by Zn Complexes4.3	Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by Zn/Ni Complexes5	Conclusion and Perspective
Síndrome compartimental en extremidad superior tras mordedura de ofidio en España
Authors: Grijelmo Sada Belén , Estefanía Díez Miguel , Peña David , Ruiz Alonso María , Rivera Vegas María , García Cano María 
Published: August 2017

ResumenLa mordedura de víbora en España es un hecho infrecuente pero que puede ser grave y presentar potenciales complicaciones tales como el síndrome compartimental. Conocer su manejo es clave para evitar secuelas. La extremidad superior es la localización más frecuente de la mordedura. Sin embargo, existe controversia acerca de cuál es el tratamiento indicado, y aunque tradicionalmente se ha abogado por las fasciotomías, publicaciones más recientes apoyan el uso de antivenenos como principal tratamiento por su gran efectividad y tolerabilidad. En el presente trabajo de actualización, se realiza una puesta al día con las publicaciones más relevantes, proponiendo el manejo mediante la administración de faboterápicos (antivenenos) y la medición de la presión intracompartimental antes de realizar una fasciotomía.
Imaging of Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain Injuries
Authors: Dimmick Simon , Linklater James 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcute athletic hamstring muscle strain injuries are common and a cause of significant time off sport. An understanding of the anatomy of the hamstring muscle-tendon units is a prerequisite for interpreting the spectrum of structural abnormalities on imaging. The site of injury may range from proximal tendon, proximal myotendinous junction, with or without tendon injury, muscle, myofascial junction, distal myotendinous junction to distal tendon. Imaging findings in muscle injury range from intrafascicular and interfascicular muscle edema, blurring of fascicular margins, distortion of pennation angle, localized muscle fascicle discontinuity through to more extensive multi-fascicular discontinuity. Imaging findings in tendon injury include tendon edema, redundancy, zipper-like morphology, and partial-complete tendon discontinuity. Imaging findings in fascial injury include poor definition of fascial margins with perifascial edema through to a fascial defect. Published grading systems are presented, and their so far limited utility in predicting return to play is reviewed.
“Cleaved Tau Protein”: A Novel Biomarker Candidate in Mild Neurotrauma in Emergency Settings
Authors: Singh Kulwant , Pandey Deepa , Chand Gian , Sharma Vivek , Jha Ravi , Singh Royana , Rai Sunil , Gupta Rashmi , Pandey Sharad 
Published: August 2017

Background Neurotrauma has been labeled as a “silent epidemic” affecting both the developed and the developing nations. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans leads to the proteolytic cleavage of tau protein called cleaved tau (C-tau) protein. The objectives of the study are to the role of serum cleaved tau (C-tau/τC) protein as a biomarker in patients with mild TBI and correlate it with the clinical progression (GCS) and clinical outcome (GOS) in emergency settings.
Materials and Methods The study has been approved by the institutional ethical committee. The study included 40 cases with mild TBI and 40 controls. C-tau protein levels were measured in venous samples in emergency using human cleaved microtubule-associated protein tau ELISA kit (by CUSABIO).
Results The mean serum C-tau protein level in cases was 44.76 ± 23.10 pg/mL (range: 12.32–96.44, 95% CI: 37.37–52.15) and controls was 33.82 ± 13.65 pg/mL, (range: 2.48–66.54, 95% CI: 29.46–38.19, p = 0.091). At admission the mean serum C-tau level was 65.15 ± 22.41, 43.87 ± 9.67, 26.15 ± 9.13 pg/mL in patients with GCS 13, 14, and 15, respectively. Serum cleaved tau protein levels in the good outcome group were significantly lower, that is, 40.77 ± 19.63 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range: 12.32–88.71, 95% CI: 34.13–47.42) compared with the poor-outcome group 80.66 ± 23.10 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range: 46.55–96.44, 95% CI: 43.88–117.43, p = 0.004).
Conclusion In this study, serum C-tau levels in patients with mild TBI were comparatively higher than those in the controls. Reaching a definitive conclusion will be too early and beyond the scope of this study. Thus, more studies are required in identifying its role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in mild TBI.
QTc Interval in Adolescents and Young Athletes: Influence of Correction Formulas
Authors: Gervasi Salvatore , Bianco Massimiliano , Palmieri Vincenzo , Cuccaro Francesco , Zeppilli Paolo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA QTc interval at the upper limits in young athletes can be challenging. Regardless of factors able to influence it (age, electrolytes, etc.), several authors underlined that rate correction formulas can often underestimate/overestimate it. Our objective was to identify the most reliable formula and relative upper normal limit of QTc for this population. The rest ECG of 701 healthy elite male athletes was analyzed. QTc was calculated with 4 formulas (Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham, Hodges). Correlation/regression analysis of QTc vs. heart rate and upper limits were calculated and compared considering different age groups. Abnormal ECGs were compared considering different upper limits. Correlation between QTc and heart rate was highly significant using Bazett’s and Framingham’s formulas, lower using Hodges’ formula, and not significant using Fridericia’s formula. Except for Framingham’s, the number of abnormal ECGs was identical considering an upper limit of 480 msec, and significantly different for lower limits. Upper limits were: Bazett 469 msec, Fridericia 451 msec, Framingham 458 msec, and Hodges 461 msec. Except for Framingham’s, no difference among other formulas in individuating abnormal ECGs for QTc≥480 msec was found. QTc obtained with the Bazett’s formula appears highly dependent on heart rate. This, especially in the grey zone (440–480 msec), can lead to overtesting. Framingham’s formula shows similar limits. Hodges’ formula offers uncertain reliability. Fridericia’s formula seems the most reliable.
The Effect of Clinical Pilates on Functional Movement in Recreational Runners
Authors: Laws Anna , Williams Sean , Wilson Cassie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiomechanical imbalances and inefficient functional movements are considered contributing factors to running-related injuries. Clinical Pilates uses a series of exercises focused on retraining normal movement patterns. This study investigated whether a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates improves functional movement and thereby, potentially, reduces the risk of running-related injuries associated with movement dysfunction. A modified functional movement screen was used to analyze the functional movement ability of forty runners. Forty participants completed a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates delivered by a Clinical Pilates instructor. The movement screen was carried out 3 times for each runner: 6 weeks pre-intervention (baseline), within one week pre-intervention (pre) and within one week post-intervention (post). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post-hoc tests found significant increases in scores between baseline and post (mean±SD; 13.4±2.4 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01) and pre and post (mean±SD; 13.5±2.5 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01), but no significant difference between baseline and pre (p=0.3). A 6-week course of Clinical Pilates significantly improves functional movement in recreational runners, and this may lead to a reduction in the risk of running-related injuries.
Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography: Impact on Diagnostic Utility
Authors: Bami Karan , Premaratne Manuja , Lamba Jasmine , Yam Yeung , Hossain Alomgir , Keenan Marissa , Haddad Tony , Anand Saipriya , Burwash Ian G. , Ruddy Terrence D. , Dwivedi Girish , Chow Benjamin J.W. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) guidelines for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) were developed to limit testing to reasonable clinical settings. However, significant testing is still done for inappropriate indications. This study investigates the impact of AUC on evaluability of CCT to determine if inappropriate tests result in a greater proportion of nondiagnostic results.

Methods
Investigators reviewed the medical records of 2417 consecutive patients who underwent CCT at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. We applied the 2010 AUC and classified them as appropriate, inappropriate, or uncertain. Unclassifiable tests, as well as those with uncertain appropriateness, were excluded from the final analysis. Cardiac computed tomography results were classified as diagnostic if (1) all coronary segments were visualized, evaluable, and without obstructive stenosis; or (2) obstructive coronary artery disease with greater than 50% diameter stenosis in at least 1 coronary artery. All other test results were considered nondiagnostic.

Results
Of the 1984 patients included in the final analysis, 1522 patients (76.7%) had indications that were appropriate, whereas the remaining 462 (23.3%) were inappropriate. Inappropriate tests resulted in a higher rate of nondiagnostic results compared with appropriate CCT (9.0% vs 6.2%, P = 0.034). Inappropriate tests also had significantly more studies with nonevaluable segments than appropriate tests (24.5% vs 16.4%, P < 0.001) and were more likely to reveal obstructive coronary disease than appropriate CCT (50.5% vs 32.7%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Cardiac computed tomography done for inappropriate indications may be associated with lower diagnostic yield and could impact future downstream resource utilization and health care costs.
Experience With Iterative Reconstruction Techniques for Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography in Morbidly and Super Obese Patients
Authors: Shaqdan Khalid W. , Kambadakone Avinash R. , Hahn Peter , Sahani Dushyant V. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) images reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms in morbidly and super obese patients.

Materials and Methods
One hundred eighty-seven abdominopelvic CT examinations in portal venous phase were performed between February 2015 and February 2016 in 182 patients (mean age = 52 years, mean body mass index = 45.5). One hundred fourteen of 187 examinations were reconstructed using IR and 73 examinations were processed using FBP. Patients were further stratified based on body mass index. Sixty CT scans were reviewed by a single reader for image quality, image noise, and artifacts. Objective noise and attenuation were also determined. Size-specific dose estimate and CT dose index volume were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results
A diagnostic interpretation was rendered for all 187 examinations. A single-reader review of 60 cases showed greater diagnostic acceptability for IR when compared with FBP (image quality = 4.2 and 3.8 [P = 0.035], noise = 1.5 and 1.6 [P = 0.692], artifact = 1.4 and 1.5 [P = 0.759], respectively). For all examinations, the IR group had lower objective image noise (IR = 9.3 and FBP = 14.3; P < 0.001) and higher contrast-to-noise ratio (IR = 17.2 and FBP = 11.7; P < 0.001) without increase in radiation dose (size-specific dose estimate [IR = 15.1, FBP = 16.5 mGy; P = 0.045] and CT dose index volume [IR = 17.6, FBP = 18 mGy; P = 0.62]).

Conclusions
In morbidly and super obese patients, diagnostic quality images could be reliably generated with minimal artifacts and noise using newer generation scanners integrated with IR without increasing radiation dose.