bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced succinic acid productivity by expression of mgtCB gene in Escherichia coli mutant
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Le , Wang Dan , Dong Lichun , Chen Rachel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this study, a novel engineering Escherichia coli strain (CBMG111) with the expression of mgtCB gene was constructed for the enhanced fermentative production of succinic acid by utilizing the synergetic effect of mgtC gene to improve the growth of strains at the environment of low Mg2+ concentration and mgtB to enhance the transport of Mg2+ into cells. After the effect of the expression of the individual genes (mgtA, mgtB, mgtC) on the growth of E. coli was clarified, the fermentative production of succinic acid by CBMG111 was studied with the low-price mixture of Mg(OH)2 and NH3·H2O as the alkaline neutralizer and the biomass hydrolysates as the carbon sources, which demonstrated that the expression of mgtCB gene can significantly increase the productivity of succinic acid (2.97 g L−1 h−1) compared with that by using the engineering strain with the overexpression of mgtA gene.
Sophorolipid‐Derived Unsaturated and Epoxy Fatty Acid Estolides as Plasticizers for Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Ashby Richard D. , Solaiman Daniel K. Y. , Liu Cheng‐Kung , Strahan Gary , Latona Nick 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnsaturated and epoxy fatty acid estolides were synthesized from the ω and ω‐1 hydroxy fatty acids derived from sophorolipids (SL). These estolides were utilized as additives in solution‐cast poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) films and their plasticizing effects reported. Estolides in the P3HB film matrix resulted in slight reductions of melting and glass transition temperatures while the crystallinity remained relatively constant (±2.0 %). Scanning electron microscopy revealed irregular film surfaces in the presence of both estolides and the formation of pores within the P3HB film matrix. These irregularities influenced the tensile properties of the films by incrementally decreasing the tensile strength and moduli of the P3HB films and increasing their elongation. Curing the films for 3 months in the presence of estolide triggered an enhanced tensile strength and modulus when compared to the initial films. Irradiation was implemented in an attempt to crosslink the estolides. Results showed that radiation did not result in crosslinking but rather instigated chain scission and reduced the molecular weights by up to 81 % which further reduced the tensile strength, elongation and modulus of the P3HB films. These tensile property variations showed that while the tensile strength of the P3HB films declined in the presence of both estolides, the plasticity and elongation improved validating that these unique SL‐derived estolides can be effectively used as plasticizers in P3HB films.
Effect of Industrial Chemical Refining on the Physicochemical Properties and the Bioactive Minor Components of Peanut Oil
Authors: Zhu Minghui , Wen Xin , Zhao Jinhong , Liu Fang , Ni Yuanying , Ma Liyan , Li Jingming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe effect of the industrial chemical refining process on the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and bioactive minor components of peanut oil was studied. The results showed that the moisture and volatile matter content, acid value, peroxide value, and p‐anisidine value were significantly changed (P < 0.05) after the complete refining process. No significant variation (P > 0.05) in the iodine value was observed among all the peanut oil samples. Similar changes were observed in the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total tocol content during chemical refining. In addition, chemical refining did not have much effect on the fatty acid composition, except for certain changes of several individual fatty acids. Moreover, the chemical refining resulted in 23.6, 23.1, and 9.5 % losses of squalene, total phytosterols, and total tocols (α, β, γ, δ‐tocopherols and α, β, γ, δ‐tocotrienols), respectively. The degumming–neutralization step caused the greatest overall reduction of these bioactive minor components. However, the concentrations of α‐tocotrienol and γ‐tocotrienol increased after full refining. Furthermore, chemical refining slightly changed the relative proportions of individual phytosterols and individual tocols.
The Agadez Chronicles and Y Tarichi: A Reinterpretation
Authors: Rossi Benedetta 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:This article focuses on the texts known as the “Agadez Chronicles” and “Y Tarichi,” which have been used by historians of the Central Sahara and Sahel to reconstruct the history of the Sultanate of Agadez and the Ader Kingdom in today’s Republic of Niger. The most frequently cited of these texts are published translations of copies of Arabic manuscripts that were made available to French and British colonial administrators by members of the elites of Agadez, Ader, and Sokoto in the first decade of the twentieth century. This article suggests that the copies handed over to the representatives of European empires had been altered to promote the interests of the local elites who circulated these sources. The article compares texts in the Agadez corpus with independent sources on the history of this region in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries; it discusses the political context in which the Agadez Chronicles were circulated at the beginning of the twentieth century; and it considers the implications of the proposed reinterpretations for the historiography of the Aïr and Ader regions.
Preadmission Application of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG): Enhancing Patient Compliance While Maximizing Skin Surface Concentrations
Authors: Edmiston Charles E. , Krepel Candace J. , Spencer Maureen P. , Ferraz Alvaro A. , Seabrook Gary R. , Lee Cheong J. , Lewis Brian D. , Brown Kellie R. , Rossi Peter J. , Malinowski Michael J. , Edmiston Sarah E. , Ferraz Edmundo M. , Leaper David J. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVESurgical site infections (SSIs) are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Preadmission skin antisepsis, while controversial, has gained acceptance as a strategy for reducing the risk of SSI. In this study, we analyze the benefit of an electronic alert system for enhancing compliance to preadmission application of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG).DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSFollowing informed consent, 100 healthy volunteers in an academic, tertiary care medical center were randomized to 5 chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin application groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 consecutive applications. Participants were further randomized into 2 subgroups: with or without electronic alert. Skin surface concentrations of CHG (μg/mL) were analyzed using a colorimetric assay at 5 separate anatomic sites.INTERVENTIONPreadmission application of chlorhexidine gluconate, 2%RESULTSMean composite skin surface CHG concentrations in volunteer participants receiving EA following 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 applications were 1,040.5, 1,334.4, 1,278.2, 1,643.9, and 1,803.1 µg/mL, respectively, while composite skin surface concentrations in the no-EA group were 913.8, 1,240.0, 1,249.8, 1,194.4, and 1,364.2 µg/mL, respectively (ANOVA, P<.001). Composite ratios (CHG concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms [MIC90]) for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 applications using the 2% CHG cloth were 208.1, 266.8, 255.6, 328.8, and 360.6, respectively, representing CHG skin concentrations effective against staphylococcal surgical pathogens. The use of an electronic alert system resulted in significant increase in skin concentrations of CHG in the 4- and 5-application groups (P<.04 and P<.007, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study suggest an evidence-based standardized process that includes use of an Internet-based electronic alert system to improve patient compliance while maximizing skin surface concentrations effective against MRSA and other staphylococcal surgical pathogens.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):254–259
From immediate to extended intersubjectification: a gradient approach to intersubjective awareness and semasiological change
Authors: TANTUCCI VITTORIO 
Published: December 2015

abstractThis paper provides a theoretical and methodological contribution to the heated debate on intersubjectivity and intersubjectification (Nuyts, 2001, 2012; Traugott & Dasher, 2002; Traugott, 2003, 2010, 2012; Verhagen, 2005; Narrog, 2010, 2012; Dancygier & Sweetser, 2012). I will argue that intersubjectivity, intended as a subject’s awareness of the other persona(s)’ feelings, knowledge, and beliefs, can be construed alternatively on an ‘immediate’ and on an ‘extended’ level. Immediate intersubjectivity (I-I) corresponds to the mutual awareness of the speech participants during the ongoing speech event, whereas extended intersubjectivity (E-I) includes an assumed third party (specific or generic) who has an indirect social bearing on the utterance (cf. Tantucci 2013, 2014). Along a unidirectional cline of change, extended intersubjectification constitutes a further stage of semantic and/or grammatical reanalysis with respect to its immediate counterpart. In order to empirically justify the diachronic continuum between the two, I provide some corpus-illustrated (cf. Tummers et al., 2005, p. 235) examples from Mandarin and corpus-based evidence about the constructions [you don’t wantX] andbelieve it or notin American English.
Questioning Judges with a Questionable Process: An Analysis of Committee Appearances by Canadian Supreme Court Candidates
Authors: Lawlor Andrea , Crandall Erin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn 2006, the Canadian government introduced a new component to its process of selecting Supreme Court justices, a review committee composed of members of Parliament. Tasked with interviewing justices prior to their appointment to the bench, the committee met four times, interviewing only five of the eight judicial candidates appointed to the bench before the Conservative government announced the committee's termination in 2014. This study offers the first comprehensive analysis of the performance of this ad hoc judicial review committee. Using an original dataset, we find that MPs asked little by way of probing questions, such as those related to policy or a candidate's previous jurisprudence. However, we do find some evidence that the hearing process was used to further the political aims of the participating political parties.
Middle–late Miocene palaeoenvironments, palynological data and a fossil fish Lagerstätte from the Central Kenya Rift (East Africa)
Authors: RASMUSSEN CORNELIA , REICHENBACHER BETTINA , LENZ OLAF , ALTNER MELANIE , PENK STEFANIE B. R. , PRIETO JEROME , BRÜSCH DENNIS 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Miocene epoch was a time of major change in the East African Rift System (EARS) as forest habitats were transformed into grasslands and hominids appeared in the landscape. Here we provide new sedimentological and palynological data on the middle–upper Miocene Ngorora Formation (Tugen Hills, Central Kenya Rift, EARS), together with clay mineral characterizations, mammal finds and a description of the Ngorora fish Lagerstätte. Furthermore, we introduce a revised age ofc. 13.3 Ma for the onset of the Ngorora Formation. The older part of the Ngorora Formation (c. 13.3–12 Ma) records low-energy settings of lakes, floodplains and palaeosols, and evidence of analcime indicates that lakes were alkaline. The palynomorph spectrum consists of tree pollen (Juniperus, Podocarpus), Euphorbiaceae pollen (Acalypha, Croton) and herbaceous pollen of Poaceae and Asteraceae, suggestive of wooded grasslands or grassy woodlands. Alkaline lakes, floodplains and palaeosols continue upsection (c. 12–9 Ma), but environmental fluctuations become more dynamic. Paucity of palynomorphs and the presence of an equid may point to progressively drier conditions. A total of about 500 articulated fish fossils were recovered from distinctive layers of almost all sections studied and represent different lineages of the Haplotilapiines (Pseudocrenilabrinae, Cichlidae). Some of the fish kills may be attributable to rapid water acidification and/or asphyxiation by episodic ash falls. Repeated instances of abrupt change in water depth in many sections are more likely to be due to synsedimentary tectonic activity of the Central Kenya Rift than to climatic variation. Overall, the preservation of the Ngorora fish Lagerstätte resulted from the interplay of tectonics, formation of alkaline lakes and explosive volcanism. As records of grasslands that pre-date late Miocene time are rare, our finding of middle Miocene (12–13 Ma) grassy savannah in the Central Kenya Rift is also relevant to models of human evolution in East Africa.
CHARLES I, CLEMENT COKE, AND SEDITION
Authors: YOUNG MICHAEL B. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTClement Coke was a minor figure of the early Stuart period, especially in comparison to his brilliant and prominent father, Sir Edward Coke. People seem to have taken note of ‘Fighting Clem’ only when he engaged in a duel or punched another member of parliament. In the parliament of 1626, however, he briefly gained notoriety when he faced an unusually formidable adversary, Charles I, who accused him of making a seditious speech. A close analysis of this episode reveals much about the broad concept of sedition and the unstable atmosphere in the House of Commons. Coke's case also had repercussions later in this parliament and perhaps even in the next parliament where his father championed the Petition of Right. Yet the most interesting aspect of Coke's case is what it reveals about the mindset of the king. In contrast to the stereotypical view of Charles as prickly and paranoid, he appears here to have been both perceptive and prescient. Thus, this article, like work by the late Mark Kishlansky, concludes that we should take Charles I's view of the political landscape more seriously.
Single cannula versus double cannula tracheostomy tubes in major oral and oropharyngeal resections
Authors: Dhiwakar M , Nambi G I , Ramanikanth T V , Kale S M , Sivakumar M N 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjective:To compare the outcomes of two types of tracheostomy tubes used in major head and neck surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of prospectively collected data. The post-operative safety and adequacy of a single cannula tracheostomy tube was compared to a double cannula tracheostomy tube in patients undergoing tracheostomy during major oral and oropharyngeal resections.Results:Out of 46 patients with the single cannula tube, 7 (15 per cent) experienced significant obstruction warranting immediate tube removal, while another 9 (20 per cent) needed a change of tube or tube re-insertion for continued airway protection. In contrast, out of 50 patients with the double cannula tube, the corresponding numbers were 0 (p = 0.004) and 1 (2 per cent; p = 0.007) respectively.Conclusion:Insertion of a double cannula (instead of a single cannula) tracheostomy tube in the course of major oral and oropharyngeal resections offers better airway protection during the post-operative period.
Alternative energy production pathways in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci in vitro exposed to a benzimidazole derivative (RCB20)
Authors: FRAGA CAROLINA MIGUEL , DA COSTA TATIANE LUIZA , DE CASTRO ANA MARIA , REYNOSO-DUCOING OLIVIA , AMBROSIO JAVIER , HERNÁNDEZ-CAMPOS ALICIA , CASTILLO RAFAEL , VINAUD MARINA CLARE 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYBiochemical studies of benzimidazole derivatives are important to determine their mode of action and activity against parasites. The lack of antihelminthic alternatives to treat parasitic infections and albendazole resistance cases make the search for new antiparasitary drugs of utmost importance. The 6-chloro-5-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (RCB20) is a benzimidazole derivative with promising effect. This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of RCB20 in the alternative energetic pathway of in vitro Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. The parasites were in vitro exposed to 6·5 and 13 µm of RCB20 and albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO). The quantification of acetate, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, fumarate and propionate was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The quantification of urea, creatinine and total proteins was performed by spectrophotometry. The increase in β-hydroxybutyrate reflects the enhancement of the fatty acid oxidation in the treated groups. Volatile fatty acids secretion, acetate and propionate, was increased in the treated groups. The secretion mechanisms of the treated parasites were impaired due to organic acids increased concentrations in the cysticerci. It is possible to conclude that the metabolic effect on alternative energetic pathways is slightly increased in the parasites treated with RCB20 than the ones treated with ABZSO.
Efficacy of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression symptoms following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ponsford J. , Lee N. K. , Wong D. , McKay A. , Haines K. , Alway Y. , Downing M. , Furtado C. , O'Donnell M. L. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), often co-occurring. This study evaluated the efficacy of a 9-week cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program in reducing anxiety and depression and whether a three-session motivational interviewing (MI) preparatory intervention increased treatment response.MethodA randomized parallel three-group design was employed. Following diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, 75 participants with mild-severe TBI (mean age 42.2 years, mean post-traumatic amnesia 22 days) were randomly assigned to an Adapted CBT group: (1) MI + CBT (n = 26), or (2) non-directive counseling (NDC) + CBT (n = 26); or a (3) waitlist control (WC, n = 23) group. Groups did not differ in baseline demographics, injury severity, anxiety or depression. MI and CBT interventions were guided by manuals adapted for individuals with TBI. Three CBT booster sessions were provided at week 21 to intervention groups.ResultsUsing intention-to-treat analyses, random-effects regressions controlling for baseline scores revealed that Adapted CBT groups (MI + CBT and NDC + CBT) showed significantly greater reduction in anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [95% confidence interval (CI) −2.07 to −0.06] and depression on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (95% CI −5.61 to −0.12) (primary outcomes), and greater gains in psychosocial functioning on Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale (95% CI 0.04–3.69) (secondary outcome) over 30 weeks post-baseline relative to WC. The group receiving MI + CBT did not show greater gains than the group receiving NDC + CBT.ConclusionsFindings suggest that modified CBT with booster sessions over extended periods may alleviate anxiety and depression following TBI.
Rethinking Child Policy Post-UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Vulnerable Children's Welfare in Sweden
Authors: HEIMER MARIA , PALME JOAKIM 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) formulates the rights of children in terms of provision, protection and participation. CRC implies a multi-dimensional view of children's welfare, including agency. This enables us to rethink the way we research and design policies aimed at promoting child welfare. In the past, Sweden has been seen as a forerunner when it comes to children's rights. However, the weak imprint of CRC on Swedish legislation and CRC implementation is not only a puzzle but also this apparent lack of impact makes it an interesting test case for exploring post-CRC policy developments. The purpose of the study is to identify what has prevented the evolution of Swedish social policy in this domain. We propose a framework for analysing policies aimed at promoting children's welfare (child policy) that goes beyond ‘family policy’. This, we argue, is critical for identifying obstacles to such a policy evolution. The framework is normatively anchored in CRC and theoretically inspired by the notion of participatory rights. By examining the legal reform work in Sweden over the past three decades with regard to how children's right to voice is treated in three areas of social service delivery, we observe that the lawmaker recognises parents’ rather than children's participatory rights. The lack of recognition of children's agency implies that a reconceptualisation of child welfare is necessary in order to unlock the stalemate in child policy development in Sweden, as well as to dissolve the tension between children as ‘beings’ and ‘becomings’.
Kawasaki disease in a healthcare provider: an adult case in a paediatric resident
Authors: Garrido-García Luis M. , López-Amézquita Martín , Villaverde-Rosas Rodrigo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKawasaki disease is a small-to-medium-vessel vasculitis of unknown origin that predominantly affects children, although the disease can occur in adults. We report the case of a 26-year-old paediatric resident with fever, exanthema, ocular changes, arthralgia, and desquamation of palms and soles. Diagnosis was established after the fever resolved, and no treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin was administered. His echocardiogram showed normal coronary arteries. Acute Kawasaki disease in adults is a rare and under-recognised condition. It is important to consider the disease in patients with prolonged fever associated with unusual clinical features.
Predictors of micronutrient powder intake adherence in a pilot programme in Nepal
Authors: Mirkovic Kelsey R , Perrine Cria G , Subedi Giri Raj , Mebrahtu Saba , Dahal Pradiumna , Staatz Colleen , Jefferds Maria Elena D 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivePoor adherence to recommended intake protocols is common and a top challenge for micronutrient powder (MNP) programmes globally. Identifying modifiable predictors of intake adherence could inform the design and implementation of MNP projects.DesignWe assessed high MNP intake adherence among children who had received MNP ≥2 months ago and consumed ≥1 sachet (n 771). High MNP intake adherence was defined as maternal report of child intake ≥45 sachets. We used logistic regression to assess demographic, intervention components and perception-of-use factors associated with high MNP intake.SettingFour districts of Nepal piloting an integrated infant and young child feeding and MNP project.SubjectsChildren aged 6–23 months were eligible to receive sixty MNP sachets every 6 months with suggested intake of one sachet daily for 60 d. Cross-sectional surveys representative of children aged 6–23 months were conducted.ResultsReceiving a reminder card was associated with increased odds for high intake (OR=2·18, 95 % CI 1·14, 4·18); exposure to other programme components was not associated with high intake. Mothers perceiving ≥1 positive effects in their child after MNP use was also associated with high intake (OR=6·55, 95 % CI 4·29, 10·01). Perceiving negative affects was not associated; however, the child not liking the food with MNP was associated with lower odds of high intake (OR=0·12, 95 % CI 0·08, 0·20).ConclusionsBehaviour change intervention strategies tailored to address these modifiable predictors could potentially increase MNP intake adherence.