bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decisión y transparencia en información y conocimiento. Estudio de caso de las empresas de comunicación cotizadas españolas
Authors: Rodríguez Pallares Miriam , Pérez-Serrano María José 
Published: July 2017

La gestión estratégica exige tomar decisiones cuyo riesgo implícito se reduce con el acceso a la información y al conocimiento y contribuye a que, de cara al exterior, la empresa sea transparente. A partir de este razonamiento, el objetivo es analizar los canales de comunicación online dirigidos a accionistas e inversores –transparencia externa– en las empresas de comunicación cotizadas españolas y reflexionar, después, sobre la existencia de modelos de gestión de contenidos y la vinculación entre transparencia, decisión y gestión estratégica. Metodología. Estudio de casos, análisis de contenido y observación no participante. Resultados y conclusiones. Las empresas analizadas son transparentes en términos económico-financieros con sus stakeholders externos, lo que evidencia la buena gestión de contenidos gerenciales y el asentamiento de condiciones favorables para la gestión estratégica. Asimismo, se constata que las empresas de comunicación estudiadas no tienen rasgos que se diferencien de otras sociedades cotizadas.
Feasibility of a respiratory nurse specialist-led sleep disorder service in a district general hospital
Authors: Comer DM 
Published: July 2017

Aim The burden of referrals to investigate sleep disorders has escalated considerably. In order to address this, the feasibility of a nurse-led sleep disorder clinic was investigated. Methods Sleep referrals were stratified on the basis of information contained within the primary care referral, and appropriate home-based sleep studies arranged if obstructive sleep apnoea was considered the most likely working diagnosis. Selected patients were started on continuous positive airway pressure treatment if deemed appropriate. Education was almost exclusively provided by specialist nursing staff or by means of validated information by the British Lung Foundation. Results Eighty patients were included in the respiratory nurse-led sleep service. Feedback from the patient questionnaire was positive and 59 patients were managed without requirement to attend consultant-led outpatient services. Non-sleep breathing disorders as the reason for daytime somnolence, and patients requiring referral to tertiary services, were identified. Conclusion Developing a respiratory nurse-led sleep service is adequate to identify non-sleep breathing disorders, is fit for purpose, functions broadly in accordance with American Sleep Society guidelines, and is well received by patients.
Establishing a deanery teaching programme for trainees sitting the MRCPCH clinical examination
Authors: Harry C , Weir E , Grattan R , skeoch C , Evans P 
Published: July 2017

Objectives MRCPCH is an essential qualification that all paediatric trainees in the UK must obtain to progress with their specialty training. In August 2009 a structured clinical teaching programme was initiated in the West of Scotland deanery to provide teaching in the clinical examination curriculum, the structure and examination standards. Design The training programme runs three times a year, commencing two months prior to each exam. Trainees are sent questionnaires to enable improvement of the programme. Results A total of 127 trainees have participated in the programme over five years (August 2009-2014). Trainees report strengths of the programme include communication teaching (n = 14) and general teaching (n = 11). Challenges encountered include difficulties attending teaching sessions due to clinical commitments (n = 5). Conclusions Future development will focus on creating a robust system enabling this programme to continue and establishment of a key group of paediatric consultants, who can provide consistent teaching reflecting the realities of the examination.
Tablet computers in assessing performance in a high stakes exam: opinion matters
Authors: Currie GP , Sinha S , Thomson F , Cleland J , Denison AR 
Published: July 2017

Background Tablet computers have emerged as a tool to capture, process and store data in examinations, yet evidence relating to their acceptability and usefulness in assessment is limited. Methods We performed an observational study to explore opinions and attitudes relating to tablet computer use in recording performance in a Anal year objective structured clinical examination at a single UK medical school. Examiners completed a short questionnaire encompassing background, forced-choice and open questions. Forced choice questions were analysed using descriptive statistics and open questions by framework analysis. Results Ninety-two (97% response rate) examiners completed the questionnaire of whom 85% had previous use of tablet computers. Ninety per cent felt checklist mark allocation was ‘very/quite easy', while approximately half considered recording ‘free-type' comments was ‘easy/very easy'. Greater overall efficiency of marking and resource savings were considered the main advantages of tablet computers, while concerns relating to technological failure and ability to record free type comments were raised. Discussion In a context where examiners were familiar with tablet computers, they were preferred to paper checklists, although concerns were raised. This study adds to the limited literature underpinning the use of electronic devices as acceptable tools in objective structured clinical examinations.
Intercomparison of meteorological analyses and trajectories in the Antarctic lower stratosphere with Concordiasi superpressure balloon observations
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Hertzog Albert , Rößler Thomas , Stein Olaf , Wu Xue 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In this study we compared temperatures and horizontal winds of meteorological analyses in the Antarctic lower stratosphere, a region of the atmosphere that is of major interest regarding chemistry and dynamics of the polar vortex. The study covers the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis, the ERA-Interim reanalysis, the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 1 and 2 (MERRA and MERRA-2), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. The comparison was performed with respect to long-duration observations from 19 superpressure balloon flights during the Concordiasi field campaign in September 2010 to January 2011. Most of the balloon measurements were conducted at altitudes of 17–18.5 km and latitudes of 60–85° S. We found that large-scale state temperatures of the analyses have a mean precision of 0.5–1.4 K and a warm bias of 0.4–2.1 K with respect to the balloon data. Zonal and meridional winds have a mean precision of 0.9–2.3 m s−1 and a bias below ±0.5 m s−1. Standard deviations related to small-scale fluctuations due to gravity waves are reproduced at levels of 15–60 % for temperature and 30–60 % for the horizontal winds. Considering the fact that the balloon observations have been assimilated into all analyses, except for NCEP/NCAR, notable differences found here indicate that other observations, the forecast models, and the data assimilation procedures have a significant impact on the analyses as well. We also used the balloon observations to evaluate trajectory calculations with our new Lagrangian transport model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC), where vertical motions of simulated trajectories were nudged to pressure measurements of the balloons. We found relative horizontal transport deviations of 4–12 % and error growth rates of 60–170 km day−1 for 15-day trajectories. Dispersion simulations revealed some difficulties with the representation of subgrid-scale wind fluctuations in MPTRAC, as the spread of air parcels simulated with different analyses was not consistent. However, although case studies suggest that the accuracy of trajectory calculations is influenced by meteorological complexity, diffusion generally does not contribute significantly to transport deviations in our analysis. Overall, evaluation results are satisfactory and compare well to earlier studies using superpressure balloon observations.
Los mercados de abastos y su comercialización como producto de turismo de experiencias. El caso de Madrid
Authors: García Henche Blanca 
Published: July 2017

La demanda turística actual está viviendo una gran transformación. La experiencia se ha convertido en objeto esencial del viaje y el cliente siente cada vez más la necesidad de experimentar un destino para optimizar su vivencia del mismo. En este contexto, el turismo gastronómico adquiere gran relevancia y los mercados de abastos se posicionan como espacios turísticos. El caso de la ciudad de Madrid sirve para ilustrar esta realidad, donde los mercados se convierten en recursos culturales, es decir, espacios que reivindican la gastronomía y el estilo de vida local como experiencia turística.
Environmental Outcomes of Reducing Medication Waste by Redispensing Unused Oral Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Smale Elisabeth M. , Ottenbros Anne B. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Heerdink Eibert R. , Verploegen Jelle , van Zelm Rosalie , Egberts Toine C. G. , Bekker Charlotte L. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceMedications are associated with substantial environmental outcomes, yet frequently end up being unused by patients. Waste-minimizing interventions, such as redispensing of quality-approved oral anticancer drugs remaining unused by patients at home, could reduce the environmental footprint of cancer treatment.ObjectivesTo assess the environmental outcomes of redispensing quality-assured oral anticancer drugs and to explore how redispensing could be environmentally optimized.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this quality improvement study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed in the outpatient pharmacy of 4 Dutch hospitals, based on a prospective multicenter trial comprising 1071 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cancer and an active prescription for an oral anticancer drug stored at room temperature from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023, with a follow-up of 12 months per patient.InterventionParticipants received prescribed oral anticancer drugs with additional quality-assurance materials (ie, seal bags and time-temperature indicators), so the pharmacy could redispense quality-assured drugs based on authenticity, appearance, remaining shelf life, and/or adequate storage.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe estimated environmental outcomes avoided due to waste reduction (ie, production and transport and incineration of redispensed oral anticancer drugs) corrected for outcomes of process burdens (ie, quality assurance materials), quantified in 3 outcome measures: human health damage (disability-adjusted life-years), ecosystems damage (species × year), and climate change (kg of carbon dioxide equivalent [CO2-eq]) per patient per year.ResultsA volunteer sample of 1071 patients (median age, 70 years [IQR, 62-75 years]; 622 men [58.1%]) participated in the intervention. Redispensing oral anticancer drugs was initially associated with an environmental burden, mainly because of the high impact of time-temperature indicators. However, when quality-assurance materials were selectively used for temperature-sensitive oral anticancer drugs (ie, maximum storage temperature of 25 °C), redispensing was environmentally beneficial to human health and ecosystems, providing estimated climate benefits of 1.9 kg (95% CI, 1.4-2.6 kg) of CO2-eq per patient per year.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs was found to be a suitable strategy to reduce waste and improve environmental sustainability of cancer treatment after process optimization. Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs could contribute to sustainability of cancer treatment through reduced costs and environmental outcomes.
Frozen Section Analysis of Sentinel Nodes in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Abukhder Munir , Sahovaler Axel , Vrakas Panagiotis , McGurk Mark , Thavaraj Selvam , Schilling Clare 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceFrozen section (FS) analysis of sentinel nodes offers potential on-table diagnosis and treatment for occult metastasis in oral squamous cell cancer. Systematic analysis of FS during sentinel node biopsy has not been illuminated in the literature.ObjectiveTo systematically review pooled data from studies using FS analysis in evaluating sentinel nodes in patients with cT1-T2 N0 oral squamous cell cancer.Data SourcesAn academic librarian led the search of CENTRAL, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and MEDLINE for studies published in English between January 2000 and January 2023.Study SelectionTwo authors independently screened cohort studies, case series, and randomized clinical trials, in which FS analysis was used to evaluate sentinel nodes in patients with cT1-T2 N0 oral squamous cell cancer.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted by 2 reviewers. Reporting quality was estimated using the Diagnostic Precision Study Quality Assessment Tool. Data analysis was performed between April and July 2023, and the meta-analysis was completed using the bivariate random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the pooled sensitivity of FS sentinel node analysis. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the FS technique, rate of occult metastasis, false-negative rate, and survival.ResultsSeventeen articles with 878 patients met the eligibility criteria. Although protocols varied, confirmatory serial step sectioning was performed in all studies. Occult metastasis was found in 263 of 878 patients (30%), and FS analysis identified 173 cases (65.8%). Following serial sectioning, an additional 90 positive results were identified, leading to 47 patients undergoing staged completion neck dissection. The pooled sensitivity of FS was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.60-0.80), the diagnostic odds ratio was 110, and the false-negative rate was 34.2%. The Cochrane Q value was 15.62 (df = 16; P = .48) and τ2 = 0.36.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluated studies showed various techniques, in which pooled sensitivity reached 0.71, providing a benchmark for comparison to other 1-stop approaches. Due to the high false-negative rate of approximately one-third of patients, intraoperative FS must always be supplemented by serial sectioning. On-table diagnosis remains a key objective for sentinel node biopsy, and FS detection may be improved by standardizing protocols.
Transoral Laser or Robotic Surgery Outcomes for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: O’Hara James T. , Hurt Christopher N. , Ingarfield Kate , Patterson Joanne M. , Hutcheson Katherine , Canham Joanna E. , Nixon Lisette S. , Heiberg Christie D. , Johson Sean , Evans Mererid , Jones Terry M. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) or transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) offer excellent oncological outcomes for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. TORS may offer greater margin clearance around tumors than TLM.ObjectiveTo determine whether the differing energy sources used and surgical technique of TORS or TLM is associated with postoperative early swallowing function, feeding tube use, and specific factors related to quality of life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prespecified cohort study was performed within the Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment for HPV-Positive Tumours (PATHOS) randomized clinical trial at 40 centers in the UK, Germany, France, the US, and Australia between November 1, 2015, and August 31, 2023. PATHOS trial participants with HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma of stages T1 to T3 and N0 to N2b M0 (TNM7) who underwent TLM or TORS were eligible. Of 989 consecutively recruited patients on the PATHOS trial, 508 were eligible for this substudy.ExposuresThe exposure of interest was TORS or TLM.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPreplanned outcome measures included nasogastric tube insertion rates within 4 weeks after surgery, length of in-hospital stay following surgery, specific scales from the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), 35-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck Questionnaire (H&amp;amp;N35), and 30-item Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ C30), water swallow test results, and videofluoroscopy scores.ResultsOf the 508 patients included in the analysis (390 [76.8%] male; median age, 58.3 [IQR, 52.8-63.6] years), 195 had TLM and 313 had TORS. Nasogastric tube insertion rates were higher after TORS than TLM (85 of 189 [45.0%] vs 10 of 126 [7.9%]; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.41 [95% CI, 1.01-19.32]). Mean scores favored TLM with small effect sizes in all MDADI domains and the H&amp;amp;N35 swallowing item at 4 weeks after surgery; between-group difference for the MDADI composite score was −4.89 (95% CI, −8.27 to −1.50); for the MDADI physical functioning score, −6.37 (95% CI, −10.15 to −2.59); for the MDADI global score, −10.02 (95% CI, −16.50 to −3.54); and for H&amp;amp;N35 swallowing score, 7.24 (95% CI, 2.17-12.30). No other measures showed evidence of clinically meaningful differences.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, functional outcomes were moderately less impaired 4 weeks following TLM compared with TORS. Once the longer-term outcomes for these patients are known, these findings could aid the design and use of future head and neck–specific surgical robots.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02215265
Political Variables Predicted the Fading Affect Bias More Strongly for Political Than Nonpolitical Events in the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Gibbons Jeffrey A. , Buchanan Aimee , Langhorne Krystal , Vandevender Sevrin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWinning and losing voters tend to experience positive and negative emotions toward elections, respectively. The emotions of autobiographical event memories fade over time with unpleasant emotions fading faster than pleasant emotions; this phenomenon is referred to as the fading affect bias (FAB). Although the FAB differs across several event types (e.g., social media and nonsocial media), the FAB and its relations to political, healthy (e.g., grit), and unhealthy variables (e.g., depression) did not differ significantly across political and nonpolitical events in the context of the 2016 US presidential election. To further explore these relations across political and nonpolitical events, the current study used two online samples (college students and MTurk) in the 2020 US presidential election context. The FAB was expected and found to be robust, it was positively predicted by rehearsal ratings, and its relations to political variables were stronger for political events than nonpolitical events.
Factors for Consideration by Pediatric Rheumatologists When Scoring the Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: First Step Toward an Internal Consensus
Authors: Tarkiainen Maarit , Balay‐Dustrude Erin , Consolaro Alessandro , Morgan Esi M. , Ruperto Nicolino , Rypdal Veronika , Backström Maria , Vähäsalo Paula , Gottlieb Beth S. ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, the Pediatric Rheumatology Care & Outcomes Improvement Network and the Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGA) consensus task force, and for the Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PRES) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Working Party
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe physician global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) is a tool used nearly ubiquitously by pediatric rheumatologists for the assessment of patient disease activity status. However, this tool lacks standardization in its scoring. This survey aimed to identify score influencing factors, along with inclusion or exclusion of extra‐articular manifestations and imaging, when scoring the PhGA in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsElectronic surveys were sent to Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation and Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network members who completed a previous survey on scoring of the PhGA. Respondents were asked to rank their top seven factors for inclusion in the PhGA for nonsystemic JIA (nsJIA) and systemic JIA (sJIA), along with ranking extra‐articular manifestations and imaging for inclusion. Frequency and percentage of rank and Likert responses were analyzed, and geographic regions as well as level of experience were compared using the chi‐square test and Fisher's test.ResultsA total of 276 respondents from 54 countries and six continents participated. For nsJIA, factors selected by >50% included number of swollen joints, active uveitis, duration of morning stiffness, and number of tender joints. For sJIA, factors selected by >50% were presence and duration of fever, laboratory tests, number of swollen joints, serositis, rash, hepatomegaly, lung disease, and lymphadenopathy. Agreement on the inclusion of extra‐articular factors, such as uveitis, macrophage activation syndrome, and sJIA‐associated lung disease, had >70% moderate or strong agreement for inclusion, whereas psoriasis had only 50.5% agreement for inclusion and imaging had 64.7% agreement for inclusion. Variations in rank between different geographic regions or level of experience were minor.ConclusionThis survey identifies factors that pediatric rheumatology providers find important for PhGA scoring of disease activity, documents varying agreement on inclusion of extra‐articular manifestations of disease, and lays the framework for further consensus work.
2D Material Sensors with Light Excitation
Authors: Wang Kunchan , Wang Qiangqiang , Tian Enze , Liu Can , Li Zehui , Liu Kaihui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract2D materials are highly regarded for their exceptional sensing application prospects, stemming from their distinctive atomic layer structure and exceptionally sensitive surfaces. Over the past decade, numerous high‐performance 2D material sensors are extensively developed; however, challenges related to sensitivity, selectivity, and stability continue to impede their industrial advancement. The interaction between light and 2D materials has introduced unique properties, including absorption and emission characteristics, photoelectric effects, nonlinear optical effects, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, and light response enhancement. Consequently, exciting and adjusting the electronic structure and carrier concentration of 2D materials through light with specific wavelength ranges is an effective strategy for enhancing sensing performance. This strategy has yielded remarkable breakthroughs in applications such as photodetectors, semiconductor gas sensors, and fiber optic sensors. Moreover, it demonstrates extraordinary potential in emerging applications such as image sensors, flexible electronics, and biomedical sensors. However, the sensing mechanism, device structure design, and specific applications of 2D materials under light excitation remain unclear. This perspective endeavors to elucidate the intrinsic photophysical mechanisms between light‐excited 2D materials and their target sensing analytes. Furthermore, it aims to explain the evolutionary pattern of sensing applications and provide novel insights and inspiration to advance this burgeoning field.