bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signs of Legal and Pseudolegal Authority: A Corpus-Based Comparison of Contemporary Courtroom Filings
Authors: Griffin David , Roemling Dana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLegal language exists in a peculiar state of tension. It is theoretically expected to meet the specific technical needs of a range of professions while simultaneously remaining entirely accessible to the public at large. Its success at that latter aim is at best limited, with laypeople generally more able to recognize that a given text is legal in character than they are to grasp its technical content. For such readers, the primary semiotic function of legal language is an indexical one, indicating that a text possesses a particular authoritative status even if its intended legal function remains opaque. This paper explores that authoritative indexicality of legal language through the multisemiotic analysis of two corpora: a corpus of legitimate legal documents filed in an American courthouse written by licensed attorneys and a corpus of pseudolegal documents filed in that same courthouse written by members of the Sovereign Citizen conspiracy movement. Sovereign Citizens appropriate features characteristic of legitimate legal language in their pseudolegal writings in an effort to imbue them with real legal authority. The comparison of these two corpora therefore provides a unique perspective on which features of legal writing most clearly communicate authority to non-lawyers. In addition to discussing the ways in which legal authority is manifested in these two corpora, this paper also outlines a novel method for the visualization of the spatial distribution of target features in a corpus of static multimodal texts by employing probability density estimation to generate a series of feature-based heatmaps.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms and multiple linear regression for live weight estimation of Akkaraman lambs
Authors: Kozaklı Özge , Ceyhan Ayhan , Noyan Mevlüt 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study was designed to predict the post-weaning weights of Akkaraman lambs reared on different farms using multiple linear regression and machine learning algorithms. The effect of factors the age of the dam, gender, type of lambing, enterprise, type of flock, birth weight, and weaning weight was analyzed. The data was collected from a total of 25,316 Akkaraman lambs raised at multiple farms in the Çiftlik District of Niğde province. Comparative analysis was conducted by using multiple linear regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (and Support Vector Regression), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) (and Gradient Boosting), Bayesian Regularized Neural Network, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Classification and Regression Trees, Exhaustive Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines algorithms. In this study, the test dataset was divided into five layers using the K-fold cross-validation method. The performance of models was compared using performance criteria such as Adjusted R-squared (Adj-$${R}^{2}$$), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by utilizing test populations in the predicted models. Additionally, the presence of low standard deviations for these criteria indicates the absence of an overfitting problem. $${R}^{2}$$The comparison results showed the Random Forest algorithm had the best predictive performance compared to other algorithms with Adj-$${R}^{2}$$, RMSE, MAD, and MAPE values of 0.75, 3.683, 2.876, and 10.112, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained through Multiple Linear Regression for the live weights of Akkaraman lambs were less accurate than the results obtained through artificial neural network analysis.
Advancing Blood–Brain Barrier-on-a-Chip Models Through Numerical Simulations
Authors: Carvalho Violeta , Rodrigues Raquel O. , Shin Su Ryon , Lima Rui , Teixeira Senhorinha F. C. F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearchers have placed engineered or natural tissues within microfluidic chips originating the so-called organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices. With this technology, organ models can be subjected to phenomena that replicate the complex in vivo biological environment. Furthermore, the OoC devices constitute a more valuable, cost-effective and ethical option when compared to assays performed in animal models for disease research and drug discovery. However, there are still many challenges in replicating some organs/diseases in vitro such as the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB), given its complexity and structure. Despite the difficulties, many efforts have been made to develop improved in vitro BBB-on-a-chip models to investigate several neurological disorders. In the present review, a summary of the progress made in the development of BBB-on-a-chip is provided focusing on the importance of using numerical simulations for obtaining improved models and better planning the experimental assays. In addition, the future perspectives and current challenges are provided.
Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with branch dieback and decline of macadamia trees in South Africa
Authors: Maduke Angel N. , Slippers Bernard , van der Linde Elna , Wingfield Mike J. , Fourie Gerda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBotryosphaeriaceae species are important latent pathogens causing diseases on trees utilized in forestry and agriculture. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence and severity of branch dieback and decline on macadamia trees in South Africa, and species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been considered as a possible cause. Although botryosphaeria dieback has been well-studied in Australia, there is little information regarding these fungi on Macadamia in South Africa. The aims of this study were consequently to (i) identify species of Botryosphaeriaceae from Macadamia branches from main production regions in South Africa, (ii) compare the diversity of species between symptomatic and asymptomatic branches, as well as between different growing regions, (iii) and to consider their relative importance in causing dieback. Eight species and three putative hybrids of the Botryosphaeriaceae were identified based on a phylogenetic comparison of sequence data from the ITS rDNA, tub2, tef-1α and rpb2 loci. These included an unidentified Diplodia sp., and Lasiodiplodia sp., as well as L. gilanensis, L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, N. luteum, N. parvum and three hybrid species. The unidentified species of Diplodia., Lasiodiplodia sp., L. gilanensis, and N. kwambonambiense are reported for the first time on Macadamia in South Africa. All species showed a potential to cause branch dieback symptoms, with species of Neofusicoccum identified as the most aggressive species. This study revealed a high level of diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species and illustrates their potential as causal agents of dieback on Macadamia in South Africa.
Spiegelreferate in Regierungszentralen: Konsequenzen für die politikwissenschaftliche Lehre aus Forschungsstand und Regierungspraxis
Authors: Mai Manfred 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungSpiegelreferate in Regierungszentralen nehmen neben ihrer zugewiesenen Funktion – der Koordination der einzelnen Ressortaufgaben – weit mehr Aufgaben wahr. Faktisch sind sie an allen Vorgängen beteiligt, die in irgendeinem Zusammenhang mit einem Politikfeld stehen. Die Vorbereitung von Terminen, Reden und Voten für den Regierungschef nimmt einen größeren Umfang ein als die Koordinierung der Ressorts. In Forschung und Lehre dominiert dennoch die Vorstellung eines Hinwirkens auf eine einheitliche Linie der Regierung als Hauptaufgabe der Spiegelreferate. Im Berufsfeldkurs „Die öffentliche Verwaltung als Berufsfeld für Sozialwissenschaftler“ der Universität Düsseldorf werden unter anderem durch Rollenspiele und typische Aufgaben aus der Regierungsarbeit Einblicke in die Praxis der Ressortkoordination vermittelt. So soll nicht nur das in der Theorie verbreitete Bild der Ressortkoordination korrigiert, sondern auch eine realistische Vorbereitung auf eine spätere Tätigkeit in einer Regierungszentrale oder in einem Ressort vermittelt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die formellen und informellen Tätigkeiten sowie die Konflikte der Ressortkoordination am Beispiel der Staatskanzlei Nordrhein-Westfalen dargestellt.
Management of Suspicions of Child Maltreatment at Child and Family Clinics: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Midtsund Astrid Durdei , Valla Lisbeth , Lukasse Mirjam , Henriksen Lena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated Norwegian public health nurses working in child and family health clinics’ decision-making practices concerning child maltreatment. A one-phase convergent mixed-method design was utilized, with quantitative and qualitative data concurrently collected and separately analyzed from a questionnaire that included patient vignettes. These vignettes described three potential child maltreatment scenarios to assess public health nurses’ competence and clinical decision-making processes. A total of 554 public health nurses participated in the study conducted from October 24 to December 31, 2022. Findings reveal a high level of recognition of child maltreatment among public health nurses. However, despite their self-perceived confidence, the qualitative data underscore the complexity and uncertainty inherent in their assessment process. The most supported management approaches involved further exploration of the situation. Few public health nurses would file a report of concerns to Child Protective Services or report the police despite their level of concerns. The findings underscore the necessity for additional training and support to enhance public health nurses’ confidence and competence in reporting suspected child maltreatment cases, as well as the need for increased information exchange regarding the procedures and services provided by the child if Child Protective Service is involved.
Windshear analysis over six airports in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zamreeg Arjan O. , Hasanean H. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe windshear (WS) or wind gradient is a short-lived microscale or meso-gamma weather phenomenon and is potentially very dangerous for aviation everywhere. This research presents the calculation of WS frequency and intensity from radiosonde data at six airport stations namely Abha, Jeddah, Madinah, Tabuk, Riyadh, and Dammam airport in Saudi Arabia for the period 1991–2020. The frequency and intensity of WS indicate that the number of severe WS increased suddenly from 2015 below 30 m level at all stations except for Riyadh there is no sudden increase. At all other levels, the number of light WS increased from bottom to up to ~ 900 m and then gradually decreased at 1200 m irrespective of stations. Overall, the highest WS observed in the autumn season for all stations except it is in summer for Jeddah. The occurrence of WS is higher in the daytime as compared to the nighttime round the year for Dammam, Madinah, Riyad, and Tabuk while the pattern is opposite for Jeddah. In Abha, it depends on the season. The sudden increase of severe WS from 2015 can be linked to the increase of building areas surrounded the airport. However, further investigation is required to understand the large number of severe WS and its relation to climate change in the region along with teleconnection to the large-scale circulations.
The power of ESG factors in driving financial growth: insights from Palestine
Authors: Alslaibi Naji , Abdelkarim Naser 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of environmental, social, and governance disclosure (ESG) components on the financial performance (FP) of firms listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) from 2016 to 2022, focusing on the moderating role of corporate governance. This study used primary data from 44 PEX-listed companies. A context analysis technique was used through company websites and disclosures, the entire population (308 observations) was used for this study, and the study used STATA utilizing the required statistical analysis for this research. The study finds that environmental, social, and governance disclosures significantly influence the Return on Equity and Return on Assets. Testing for the moderating role of Corporate Governance, especially board diversity and size, shows that board diversity moderates the association between social and governance disclosure and firm performance. Board size moderates the relationship between social disclosure and firm performance. By contrast, Board Size and Diversity do not moderate the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm performance. The study contributes to the literature as the first of its kind conducted in Palestine, examining the moderating effects of board size and diversity on the association between ESG disclosure and firm performance.
Prediction of Remaining Useful Life of Aero-engines Based on CNN-LSTM-Attention
Authors: Deng Sizhe , Zhou Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of aircraft engines is crucial for maintaining financial stability and aviation safety. To further enhance the prediction accuracy of aircraft engine RUL, a deep learning-based RUL prediction method is proposed. This method possesses the potential to strengthen the recognition of data features, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of the model. First, the input features are normalized and the CMAPSS (Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation) dataset is utilized to calculate the RUL for aircraft engines. After extracting attributes from the input data using a convolutional neural network (CNN), the extracted data are input into a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model, with the addition of attention mechanisms to predict the RUL of aircraft engines. Finally, the proposed aircraft engine model is evaluated and compared through ablation studies and comparative model experiments. The results indicate that the CNN-LSTM-Attention model exhibits superior prediction performance for datasets FD001, FD002, FD003, and FD004, with RMSEs of 15.977, 14.452, 13.907, and 16.637, respectively. Compared with CNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM models, the CNN-LSTM model demonstrates better prediction performance across datasets. In comparison with other models, this model achieves the highest prediction accuracy on the CMAPSS dataset, showcasing strong reliability and accuracy.
Are you ready: disaster response in nursing education: a cross-sectional survey among Swedish universities and university colleges
Authors: Andersson Ulf , Lundberg Kristina , Andersson Henrik , Sterner Anders 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Registered nurses play a critical role in disaster response and patient care during crises. Recent global events underscore the importance of preparedness for disaster response. However, the readiness of registered nurses and their educational preparation vary. In Sweden, this prompted the National Board of Health and Welfare to introduce a new national curriculum for disaster response. This study aimed to assess how education for undergraduate and specialist registered nurses aligns with this curriculum.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among universities and university colleges in Sweden offering undergraduate and specialist nursing programs. Surveys were sent to all 25 higher education institutions providing nursing education in November 2023, comprising 29 questions related to the new curriculum.

Results
Findings revealed that half of the respondents had discussed the new curriculum, with 15 reporting some form of learning activities. Traditional lectures were the most commonly used format, and 11 respondents had designated teachers for the subject. Reasons for lacking disaster response education included prioritizing other acute care areas or a limited perspective at the academy.

Discussion
In conclusion, this study suggests that nursing education may not sufficiently prepare registered nurses for disaster response and armed conflicts. Education tends to focus more on acute care rather than taking a broader perspective. As a result, registered nurses may lack the competence and readiness required to effectively respond to disasters.
The potential of immunomodulators in shaping the future of healthcare
Authors: Sharma Yash , Arora Muskan , Bala Kumud 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmunomodulators play a crucial role in modern medical practice, offering both stimulatory and suppressive effects to regulate and control the immune response. These substances, which include immunostimulants and immunosuppressants, modulate the immune system by delivering cytokines and stimulating immune cells. Immunosuppressants are vital in liver and kidney transplantation, where they reduce the immune system’s activation to prevent organ rejection. They are also essential in managing autoimmune disorders by providing controlled suppression of immune activities to avoid self-damage. Conversely, immunostimulants enhance the body’s innate immunity, preventing infections, and boosting resistance against various viral and bacterial diseases. These agents strengthen the body’s natural defenses, making them indispensable in infection control and immunoprophylaxis. The mechanisms of immunomodulators are intricate, involving interactions with key molecules such as cytokines and signaling pathways to shape immune responses, mitigate inflammation, and regulate immune cell functions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising component due to their ability to suppress immune reactions, regulate inflammatory responses, induce immune tolerance, and aid in tissue regeneration. MSCs’ unique properties underscore their potential in treating immune-related disorders, supporting organ transplantation, and promoting tissue repair. Clinically, immunomodulators are central to managing autoimmune diseases, enhancing cancer immunotherapy, combating infectious diseases, and preventing organ rejection in transplant recipients. Innovative therapies like checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines have revolutionized oncology by leveraging the immune system's capabilities. This review explores the critical roles and mechanisms of immunomodulators, highlighting their impact on contemporary healthcare and their potential for future therapeutic developments.Graphical Abstract
Homeostats: The hidden rulers of ion homeostasis in plants
Authors: Dreyer Ingo , Hernández-Rojas Naomí , Bolua-Hernández Yasnaya , Tapia-Castillo Valentina de los Angeles , Astola-Mariscal Sadith Z. , Díaz-Pico Erbio , Mérida-Quesada Franko , Vergara-Valladares Fernando , Arrey-Salas Oscar , Rubio-Meléndez María E. , Riedelsberger Janin , Michard Erwan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ion homeostasis is a crucial process in plants that is closely linked to the efficiency of nutrient uptake, stress tolerance and overall plant growth and development. Nevertheless, our understanding of the fundamental processes of ion homeostasis is still incomplete and highly fragmented. Especially at the mechanistic level, we are still in the process of dissecting physiological systems to analyse the different parts in isolation. However, modelling approaches have shown that it is not individual transporters but rather transporter networks (homeostats) that control membrane transport and associated homeostatic processes in plant cells. To facilitate access to such theoretical approaches, the modelling of the potassium homeostat is explained here in detail to serve as a blueprint for other homeostats. The unbiased approach provided strong arguments for the abundant existence of electroneutral H+/K+ antiporters in plants.
Synthetic Aperture Radar for Geosciences
Authors: Meng Lingsheng , Yan Chi , Lv Suna , Sun Haiyang , Xue Sihan , Li Quankun , Zhou Lingfeng , Edwing Deanna , Edwing Kelsea , Geng Xupu , Wang Yiren , Yan Xiao‐Hai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has emerged as a pivotal technology in geosciences, offering unparalleled insights into Earth's surface. Indeed, its ability to provide high‐resolution, all‐weather, and day‐night imaging has revolutionized our understanding of various geophysical processes. Recent advancements in SAR technology, that is, developing new satellite missions, enhancing signal processing techniques, and integrating machine learning algorithms, have significantly broadened the scope and depth of geosciences. Therefore, it is essential to summarize SAR's comprehensive applications for geosciences, especially emphasizing recent advancements in SAR technologies and applications. Moreover, current SAR‐related review papers have primarily focused on SAR technology or SAR imaging and data processing techniques. Hence, a review that integrates SAR technology with geophysical features is needed to highlight the significance of SAR in addressing challenges in geosciences, as well as to explore SAR's potential in solving complex geoscience problems. Spurred by these requirements, this review comprehensively and in‐depth reviews SAR applications for geosciences, broadly including various aspects in air‐sea dynamics, oceanography, geography, disaster and hazard monitoring, climate change, and geosciences data fusion. For each applied field, the scientific advancements produced because of SAR are demonstrated by combining the SAR techniques with characteristics of geophysical phenomena and processes. Further outlooks are also explored, such as integrating SAR data with other geophysical data and conducting interdisciplinary research to offer comprehensive insights into geosciences. With the support of deep learning, this synergy will enhance the capability to model, simulate, and forecast geophysical phenomena with greater accuracy and reliability.
Separation of Electron Flux in Pitch Angle Distribution During the Drift Echo Event and Shabansky Orbits Effect
Authors: Luo Zhekai , Xie Lun , Fu Suiyan , Pu Zuyin , Zhou Xuzhi , Zhao X. X. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Shabansky orbit effect can exert a significant influence on the dynamics of particle motion. However, the north‐south asymmetry of the Shabansky orbits has received relatively little attention in previous research. This study investigates this asymmetry to elucidate the recently observed phenomenon of flux separation in the pitch angle distribution during drift echo events. The asymmetry in Shabansky orbits between the northern and southern hemispheres leads to two distinct drift periods for particles with specific equatorial pitch angles, resulting in the flux separation. To quantify this phenomenon, we develop a mathematical model for the magnetic field, enabling the generation of asymmetrical Shabansky orbits. The calculated drift periods for particles with different equatorial pitch angles corresponds with the characteristics of flux separation, providing evidence to support our hypothesis that the north‐south asymmetry of Shabansky orbits is responsible for flux separation.