bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic data detect corresponding signatures of population size change on an ecological time scale in two salamander species
Authors: Nunziata Schyler O. , Lance Stacey L. , Scott David E. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Weisrock David W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the demography of species over recent history (e.g. <100 years) is critical in studies of ecology and evolution, but records of population history are rarely available. Surveying genetic variation is a potential alternative to census‐based estimates of population size, and can yield insight into the demography of a population. However, to assess the performance of genetic methods, it is important to compare their estimates of population history to known demography. Here, we leveraged the exceptional resources from a wetland with 37 years of amphibian mark–recapture data to study the utility of genetically based demographic inference on salamander species with documented population declines (Ambystoma talpoideum) and expansions (A. opacum), patterns that have been shown to be correlated with changes in wetland hydroperiod. We generated ddRAD data from two temporally sampled populations of A. opacum (1993, 2013) and A. talpoideum (1984, 2011) and used coalescent‐based demographic inference to compare alternate evolutionary models. For both species, demographic model inference supported population size changes that corroborated mark–recapture data. Parameter estimation in A. talpoideum was robust to our variations in analytical approach, while estimates for A. opacum were highly inconsistent, tempering our confidence in detecting a demographic trend in this species. Overall, our robust results in A. talpoideum suggest that genome‐based demographic inference has utility on an ecological scale, but researchers should also be cognizant that these methods may not work in all systems and evolutionary scenarios. Demographic inference may be an important tool for population monitoring and conservation management planning.
Making a queen: an epigenetic analysis of the robustness of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) queen developmental pathway
Authors: He Xu Jiang , Zhou Lin Bin , Pan Qi Zhong , Barron Andrew B. , Yan Wei Yu , Zeng Zhi Jiang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSpecialized castes are considered a key reason for the evolutionary and ecological success of the social insect lifestyle. The most essential caste distinction is between the fertile queen and the sterile workers. Honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers and queens are not genetically distinct, rather these different phenotypes are the result of epigenetically regulated divergent developmental pathways. This is an important phenomenon in understanding the evolution of social insect societies. Here, we studied the genomic regulation of the worker and queen developmental pathways, and the robustness of the pathways by transplanting eggs or young larvae to queen cells. Queens could be successfully reared from worker larvae transplanted up to 3 days age, but queens reared from older worker larvae had decreased queen body size and weight compared with queens from transplanted eggs. Gene expression analysis showed that queens raised from worker larvae differed from queens raised from eggs in the expression of genes involved in the immune system, caste differentiation, body development and longevity. DNA methylation levels were also higher in 3‐day‐old queen larvae raised from worker larvae compared with that raised from transplanted eggs identifying a possible mechanism stabilizing the two developmental paths. We propose that environmental (nutrition and space) changes induced by the commercial rearing practice result in a suboptimal queen phenotype via epigenetic processes, which may potentially contribute to the evolution of queen–worker dimorphism. This also has potentially contributed to the global increase in honeybee colony failure rates.
Artificial microRNAs and synthetic trans‐acting small interfering RNAs interfere with viroid infection
Authors: Carbonell Alberto , Daròs José‐Antonio 
Published: December 2016

SummaryArtificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) and synthetic trans‐acting small interfering RNAs (syn‐tasiRNAs) are two classes of artificial small RNAs (sRNAs) engineered to silence endogenous transcripts as well as viral RNAs in plants. Here, we explore the possibility of using amiRNAs and syn‐tasiRNAs to specifically interfere with infections by viroids, small (250–400‐nucleotide) non‐coding circular RNAs with compact secondary structure infecting a wide range of plant species. The combined use of recent high‐throughput methods for artificial sRNA construct generation and the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)–Nicotiana benthamiana pathosystem allowed for the simple and time‐effective screening of multiple artificial sRNAs targeting sites distributed along PSTVd RNAs of (+) or (–) polarity. The majority of amiRNAs were highly active in agroinfiltrated leaves when co‐expressed with an infectious PSTVd transcript, as were syn‐tasiRNAs derived from a construct including the five most effective amiRNA sequences. A comparative analysis showed that the effects of the most effective amiRNA and of the syn‐tasiRNAs were similar in agroinfiltrated leaves, as well as in upper non‐agroinfiltrated leaves in which PSTVd accumulation was significantly delayed. These results suggest that amiRNAs and syn‐tasiRNAs can be used effectively to control viroid infections in plants.
Challenges in intergenerational caregiving for frail older people: A multiple case study
Authors: Lien Ya‐Fen , Huang Hui‐Man 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFamilies in Taiwan are considered central in caring for frail older people. However, rapid social changes are reshaping Taiwanese family values and structures. In this study, we explored the challenges of intergenerational families in caring for frail older people in Taiwan. Using a multiple‐case study, 32 participants representing 12 families comprising three or more generations participated in individual, semistructured interviews. A grounded theory technique was used for the data analysis. Four themes emerged in the findings: intergenerational and intragenerational disharmony, restrictions in the physical environment, financial caregiving burdens, and lack of support from the healthcare system. The findings can help raise awareness of filial caregiving obligations of aging family members that have shifted from a parent–child dyad to being shared across multiple generations in Taiwan. Intergenerational caregiving for frail older people has become a challenge for policies aimed at keeping the aging population in the community.
Indel‐seq: a fast‐forward genetics approach for identification of trait‐associated putative candidate genomic regions and its application in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Singh Vikas K. , Khan Aamir W. , Saxena Rachit K. , Sinha Pallavi , Kale Sandip M. , Parupalli Swathi , Kumar Vinay , Chitikineni Annapurna , Vechalapu Suryanarayana , Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata , Sharma Mamta , Ghanta Anuradha , Yamini Kalinati Narasimhan , Muniswamy Sonnappa , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIdentification of candidate genomic regions associated with target traits using conventional mapping methods is challenging and time‐consuming. In recent years, a number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based mapping approaches have been developed and used for identification of candidate/putative genomic regions. However, in the majority of these studies, insertion–deletion (Indel) were largely ignored. For efficient use of Indels in mapping target traits, we propose Indel‐seq approach, which is a combination of whole‐genome resequencing (WGRS) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and relies on the Indel frequencies in extreme bulks. Deployment of Indel‐seq approach for identification of candidate genomic regions associated with fusarium wilt (FW) and sterility mosaic disease (SMD) resistance in pigeonpea has identified 16 Indels affecting 26 putative candidate genes. Of these 26 affected putative candidate genes, 24 genes showed effect in the upstream/downstream of the genic region and two genes showed effect in the genes. Validation of these 16 candidate Indels in other FW‐ and SMD‐resistant and FW‐ and SMD‐susceptible genotypes revealed a significant association of five Indels (three for FW and two for SMD resistance). Comparative analysis of Indel‐seq with other genetic mapping approaches highlighted the importance of the approach in identification of significant genomic regions associated with target traits. Therefore, the Indel‐seq approach can be used for quick and precise identification of candidate genomic regions for any target traits in any crop species.
Cross‐Sectional Study Evaluating Skin, Hair, Nail, and Bone Disease in Patients with Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
Authors: Gunasekera Nicole S. , Divito Joan K. , Kupper Thomas S. , Huang Jennifer T. , Divito Sherrie J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFocal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an X‐linked dominant disease characterized by dermal thinning and fat herniation with other ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities. There is limited literature regarding the symptomatology and progression of skin, hair, and nail disease. The risk of bone fragility has not been explored either. This cross‐sectional survey‐based study explored these gaps in knowledge and provides direction for future avenues of research in FDH.
Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation for disseminated Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroki , Kumamoto Tadashi , Ono Rintaro , Akahane Keiko , Nozaki Taiki , Kobayashi Shogo , Kikuta Atsushi , Matsumoto Seiichi , Hasegawa Daisuke , Ogawa Chitose , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe describe the case of a 13‐year‐old girl with multifocal disseminated Ewing sarcoma family of tumor (ESFT) who received a 5/8 human leukocyte antigen‐matched haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation to generate a graft‐versus‐tumor effect. The patient had grade 2 acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the skin and chronic GVHD nausea and abdominal pain that required prednisolone for 17 months, but has been free from ESFT for 3 years 10 months after therapy. The present case suggests a beneficial effect of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in disseminated ESFT.
DNA Repair by the Radical SAM Enzyme Spore Photoproduct Lyase: From Biochemistry to Structural Investigations
Authors: Berteau Olivier , Benjdia Alhosna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRadical S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) enzymes have emerged as one of the last superfamilies of enzymes discovered to date. Arguably, it is the most versatile group of enzymes involved in at least 85 biochemical transformations. One of the founding members of this enzyme superfamily is the spore photoproduct (SP) lyase, a DNA repair enzyme catalyzing the direct reversal repair of a unique DNA lesion, the so‐called spore photoproduct, back into two thymidine residues. Discovered more than 20 years ago in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, SP lyase has been shown to be widespread in the endospore‐forming Firmicutes from the Bacilli and Clostridia classes and to use radical‐based chemistry to perform C‐C bond breakage, a chemically challenging reaction. This review describes how the work on SP lyase has illuminated a unique strategy for DNA repair and provided major advances in our understanding of the emerging radical SAM superfamily of enzymes, from a biochemical and structural perspective.
Heart rate, health, and hurtful behavior
Authors: Jennings J. Richard , Pardini Dustin A. , Matthews Karen A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHostility is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. When challenged, individuals high on hostility exhibit a hyperreactive psychophysiological response to stressors, thereby increasing risk for developing cardiovascular disease. However, low resting heart rate (HR) is associated with physical aggression and hostility in children, adolescents, and adults. Based on a community sample of 296 men (mean age = 32.0), we (a) address whether aggression/hostility relates to physical health through relationships with cardiovascular levels at rest and in response to stressors, and (b) determine how relations between aggression and health are altered by including psychophysiological indices in statistical models. The Cook‐Medley cynical/hostile attitudes and the Buss‐Perry physical aggression and hostility measures assessed aggression. Health was assessed as systolic blood pressure (SBP), report of medical conditions, and a metabolic composite. Reactivity to stressors was assessed with HR, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure. Aggression was negatively related to both resting HR and reactivity. High resting HR and reactivity were, however, positively related to poor health. Thus, the relationship between aggression and HR and reactivity suppressed an overall relationship between high aggression/hostility and poor health. In the presence of covariates for socioeconomic status, race, health behaviors, and medications, the relationship between aggression and health was significantly strengthened when HR level and reactivity were included in models. In sum, at early midlife, low HR among aggressive and hostile individuals is related to less health risk. Aggression and hostility have a deleterious influence on health, but primarily among individuals with higher HR and possibly greater cardiovascular reactivity.
Early and late brain signatures of emotional prosody among individuals with high versus low power
Authors: Paulmann Silke , Uskul Ayse K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUsing ERPs, we explored the relationship between social power and emotional prosody processing. In particular, we investigated differences at early and late processing stages between individuals primed with high or low power. Comparable to previously published findings from nonprimed participants, individuals primed with low power displayed differentially modulated P2 amplitudes in response to different emotional prosodies, whereas participants primed with high power failed to do so. Similarly, participants primed with low power showed differentially modulated amplitudes in response to different emotional prosodies at a later processing stage (late ERP component), whereas participants primed with high power did not. These ERP results suggest that high versus low power leads to emotional prosody processing differences at the early stage associated with emotional salience detection and at a later stage associated with more in‐depth processing of emotional stimuli.
Prolactin and growth hormone immunoactivity in canine mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas
Authors: Bohrer ER , Löhr CV , Kutzler MA 
Published: December 2016

ContentsIt is now widely accepted in human medicine that prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) function in the mammary gland in an autocrine and paracrine manner in tumour formation. The aim of this study was to compare PRL and GH immunoactivity in canine mammary tumours submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Formalin‐fixed specimens from spontaneously occurring mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas from 24 female client‐owned dogs were used. Information pertaining to the reproductive status of the patient at the time of mammary tumour diagnosis was obtained from each of the submitting veterinarians. Tissues were paraffin‐embedded and sectioned (5 μm) onto charged slides. All slides were deparaffinized and rehydrated. Endogenous peroxidase activity was inactivated with 3% H2O2, and non‐specific binding was blocked. Polyclonal rabbit antihuman PRL (DAKO A0569) and GH antibody (DAKO A0570) were applied at a 1:250 and 1:200 dilutions, respectively. A universal rabbit negative control (DAKO N1699) was used. Slides were then reacted with anti‐rabbit horseradish peroxidase followed by Nova Red Peroxidase substrate. Slides were counter‐stained with haematoxylin, dehydrated and mounted. Tumour type and reproductive status at time of tumour diagnosis were compared individually between tumours that were negative or positive for PRL and GH using a two‐tailed analysis of variance. Significance was defined as p < .05. There was no significant relationship between tumour type and PRL and GH presence. In addition, reproductive status at the time of tumour removal was found to be not significant. These results vary from previous reports in canine mammary tumours and warrant further investigation.
Changes in acetylation of lysine 5 on histone H4 in canine oocytes following in vitro maturation
Authors: Motheo TF , Arnold DR , Padilha‐Nakaghi LC , Pires‐Buttler EA , Alves AE , Apparicio M , Vicente WRR , Lopes FL 
Published: December 2016

ContentsPost‐translational modifications of histones, such as acetylation, are involved in regulating chromatin remodelling and gene expression. Proper in vitro maturation (IVM) of canine oocytes, for many reasons, is up to now inefficient. This study aimed to evaluate the post‐translational histone H4 acetylation at lysine 5 (H4K5) in immature and post‐IVM canine oocytes. Oocyte nuclear stage was assessed using Hoechst 33342 staining. Acetylation patterns were determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining of immature and post‐IVM oocytes, using an antibody against the acetylated lysine 5 residue on histone 4 (H4K5ac). The experiment was repeated four times, with a total of 7–17 oocytes evaluated per stage. Immunofluorescence signal was quantified using the NIHimagej software. Data were expressed as a percentage of the average fluorescence intensity of the specific antibody over the intensity of DNA, as determined by Hoescht staining. H4K5ac displayed a significantly higher acetylated pattern in immature oocytes (0.97 ± 0.08) when compared to post‐IVM oocytes at different nuclear stages. There was a decrease in the fluorescence level of the matured oocytes with the progression of meiosis (GVBD: 0.47 ± 0.06 and MI/MII: 0.35 ± 0.04). Similarly to other domestic species, we hypothesized that post‐translational modification of histone acetylation takes place during meiosis of in vitro matured canine oocytes. However, it remains to be investigated whether these changes occur during in vivo maturation.
Identification of a novel FUT1 allele with two mutations in a Chinese para‐Bombay individual
Authors: Wang Lixin , Huang Chunyan , Wei Zengzhen , Tan Jinzhe , Qin Li , Tian Li 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDThe para‐Bombay phenotype often results from a silenced β‐D‐galactoside 2‐α‐fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) gene (h/h) but an active FUT2 (Se/Se or Se/se) gene. We identified a para‐Bombay phenotype with two novel mutations in the FUT1 gene and homozygous mutated FUT2 (se357, 385/se357, 385) genes.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRed blood cell phenotype was detected by using a standard serologic technique. The entire coding regions of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes were amplified and direct sequenced using genomic DNA.RESULTSNo ABH substance was detected on the surface of the proband's red blood cells. Anti‐A, anti‐B, and anti‐H were identified in serum. Genetic studies indicated that the proband's ABO genotyping was A102/O01 and that the FUT2 phenotype was se357, 385/se357, 385. The sample was homozygous for two FUT1 mutations: c.958insG and c.961G > A.CONCLUSIONTwo novel FUT1 mutations have been identified in the proband's FUT1 gene. The insertion mutation in the FUT1 that caused a shift of the open reading frame and formed a termination codon early at Amino Acid Position 334 may be the main reason for H deficiency in this case.
Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia in a Healthy Patient Returning from a Trip to the Ecuadorian Amazonia
Authors: Chávez A. C. , Barrera S. , Leon A. , Trueba G. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCampylobacter fetus is an opportunistic pathogen which causes bacteremia and other invasive infections in immunocompromised patients who have been exposed to livestock or ingested animal products (uncooked meat or unpasteurized milk). The present report describes a C. fetus infection in a healthy adult (immunocompetent) who returned from a visit to the Ecuadorian Amazonia and who did not report exposure to the typical sources of infection.
Chiral phase transition in QED3 at finite temperature
Authors: Yin Pei-Lin , Xiao Hai-Xiao , Wei Wei , Feng Hong-Tao , Zong Hong-Shi 
Published: December 2016

In the framework of Dyson–Schwinger equations, we employ two kinds of criteria (one kind is the chiral condensate, the other kind is thermodynamic quantities, such as the pressure, the entropy, and the specific heat) to investigate the nature of chiral phase transitions in QED3 for different fermion flavors. It is found that the chiral phase transitions in QED3 for different fermion flavors are all typical second-order phase transitions; the critical temperature and order of the chiral phase transition obtained from the chiral condensate and susceptibility are the same with that obtained by the thermodynamic quantities, which means that they are equivalent in describing the chiral phase transition; the critical temperature decreases as the number of fermion flavors increases and there is a boundary that separates the [Formula: see text] plane into chiral symmetry breaking and restoration regions.
Thin film growth and Zn doping of h-MoO3 hexagonal rods by hydrothermal technique
Authors: Mousavi-Zadeh Seyyed Hamid , Rahmani Mohammad Bagher 
Published: December 2016

In this research, rod-like undoped and Zn doped h-MoO3 thin films were grown on top of MoO3 seed layers, using hydrothermal technique without adding any surfactant. Seed layers of MoO3 were coated on top of glass substrates using spray pyrolysis technique. Structural, morphological and optical properties of thin films were examined. XRD pattern analysis showed that the seed layer has orthorhombic crystal structure. Also, it confirms the formation of hexagonal structure for thin films grown by hydrothermal. FESEM images show the formation of long, well-shaped hexagonal rod-likes. UV-Vis spectroscopy reveals band gap increasing from 3.2 eV to 3.54 eV, by increasing Zn.