bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ökonomisierung von Nutzerverhalten – historische Entwicklung und aktueller Stand
Authors: Wambach Tim 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Unternehmens- und Produktwerbung sind allgegenwärtig und werden durch Hintergrundinformationen der Webseitenbesucher personalisiert. Dadurch offenbaren sich die ökonomischen Interessen, die das Medium Internet mit sich bringt. Die zur Personalisierung notwendigen Nutzungsdaten werden unter anderem durch Web-Tracking gewonnen – auf technischer Ebene sind dafür Einbettungen auf Webseite verantwortlich, die zu einer unbemerkten Weitergabe von Besucherinformationen führen. Eine retrospektive Analyse zeigt, wie dieses Überwachungsnetz im Laufe der vergangenen Jahre gewachsen ist. Besonders auffällig sind nicht nur die generelle Zunahme, sondern auch die monopolbildenden Tendenzen. Analysen von Hochschulwebseiten sowie von Krankenhäusern und Kliniken zeigen, dass dies auch bei Webauftritten der Fall ist, die nicht in der Erwartung stehen Besucherdaten preiszugeben. Es zeigt sich, dass dies oft auch ohne Kenntnis des Betreibers der Fall ist. Da wirksame Selbst- und Systemdatenschutzlösungen ausstehen, ist die Situation technisch nur schwer kontrollierbar. Wenngleich die Nutzung für Werbung harmlos erscheinen mag, ist nicht absehbar, welchen Zwecken diese Daten in Zukunft zugeführt werden.
Privatheit, Entfremdung und die Vermarktung persönlicher Daten
Authors: Sevignani Sebastian 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungAusgangspunkt dieses Beitrages ist die These eines immanenten Zusammenhangs zwischen der Kommodifizierung persönlicher Daten, der damit verbundenen ökonomischen Überwachung als Merkmal eines informationellen Kapitalismus und einer Krisenwahrnehmung der Privatheit (1). Kommodifizierung, d.h. das ‚Zur-Ware-Werden‘ wird hier als eine Praxis des Tausches, aber zugleich auch als eine spezifische Sicht auf die Welt verstanden, die diese Praxis begleitet. Es wird argumentiert, dass das einflussreiche besitzindividualistische Verständnis von Privatheit der Kommodifizierung von Privatheit nichts entgegenzusetzen hat (2). Dies ist aber vor dem Hintergrund durch die Kommodifizierung perpetuierter Entfremdungsverhältnisse als problematisch zu betrachten (3). Aus dieser Betrachtungsweise ergibt sich die Frage, von welcher alternativen Konzeption eine Kritik an der Kommodifizierung stattdessen ausgehen könnte (4). Eine Perspektive könnte ein dialektisches Privatheitskonzept darstellen, das die liberalen Ideen der Selbstverwirklichung und Selbstbestimmung nicht gegen deren gesellschaftlich zu organisierenden Ermöglichungsbedingungen ausspielt und die Freiheit von Entfremdung zum Prüfstein einer kritischen Theorie der Privatheit macht.
Demokratische Privacy by Design
Authors: Ochs Carsten , Lamla Jörn 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Es ist eine weit verbreitete Ansicht mit sozialphilosophischer Plausibilität, dass bestimmte Formen der Privatheit und der Demokratie in einem konstitutiven Verhältnis zueinander stehen. Demzufolge gilt, dass nur Demokratien ihren Bürgerinnen politisch nutzbare Privatheit zugestehen und dass umgekehrt nur Sozialformationen, die solche Privatheitsformen institutionalisieren, demokratischen Charakter erlangen können. Der vorliegende Beitrag fragt nun, inwiefern der Konstitutionszusammenhang schon bei der Gestaltung von Privatheit zum Tragen kommen muss, um tragfähig und vor den Erosionsgefahren in Zeiten der Digitalisierung geschützt zu sein. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, schließen wir am Privacy by Design-Konzept (PbD) an, erweitern dieses jedoch, indem wir auch dessen institutionell-diskursive Rahmung in die Gestaltungsperspektive einrücken. Wir gehen dabei systematisch-explorativ vor: Zunächst werden zwei konträr orientierte Gestaltungsansätze als Pole des Spektrums identifiziert, innerhalb dessen sich PbD-Ansätze bewegen können. Daraufhin werden explorativ fünf weitere PbD-Formen bestimmt. Abschließend diskutieren wir Implikationen, die sich aus der Exploration alternativer PbD-Formen für die Etablierung eines demokratischen PbD ergeben.
Optimizing Douglas-fir bark liquefaction in mixtures of glycerol and polyethylene glycol and KOH
Authors: Esteves Bruno , Cruz-Lopes Luísa , Ferreira José , Domingos Idalina , Nunes Lina , Pereira Helena 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The outer bark of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) has a significant amount of cork tissue that may be an important source of chemicals derived from its natural polymers, suberin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The present work focuses on the polyalcohol liquefaction of Douglas-fir bark with glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to obtain a liquid that can be further processed to other chemicals and products. The results show that Pseudotsuga bark can be liquefied in a significant percentage in presence of alkali. The best liquefaction yield was obtained with 6% KOH as agents. Although the use of a cosolvent is favorable, good liquefaction yields can also be obtained by glycerol alone. Lower temperatures are favorable as they lead to acceptable liquefaction yields. FTIR-ATR studies showed that all the structural compounds of the bark were attacked and depolymerized. The process tested has a high potential for generation of value-added products from liquefied Douglas-fir bark.
Application of Dexter’s soil physical quality index: an Irish case study
Authors: Fenton O. , Vero S. , Schulte R.P.O. , O’Sullivan L. , Bondi G. , Creamer R.E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHistorically, due to a lack of measured soil physical data, the quality of Irish soils was relatively unknown. Herein, we investigate the physical quality of the national representative profiles of Co. Waterford. To do this, the soil physical quality (SPQ) S-Index, as described by Dexter (2004a,b,c) using the S-theory (which seeks the inflection point of a soil water retention curve [SWRC]), is used. This can be determined using simple (S-Indirect) or complex (S-Direct) soil physical data streams. Both are achievable using existing data for the County Waterford profiles, but until now, the suitability of this S-Index for Irish soils has never been tested. Indirect-S provides a generic characterisation of SPQ for a particular soil horizon, using simplified and modelled information (e.g. texture and SWRC derived from pedo-transfer functions), whereas Direct-S provides more complex site-specific information (e.g. texture and SWRC measured in the laboratory), which relates to properties measured for that exact soil horizon. Results showed a significant correlation between S-Indirect (Si) and S-Direct (Sd). Therefore, the S-Index can be used in Irish soils and presents opportunities for the use of Si at the national scale. Outlier horizons contained >6% organic carbon (OC) and bulk density (Bd) values <1 g/cm3 and were not suitable for Si estimation. In addition, the S-Index did not perform well on excessively drained soils. Overall correlations of Si. with Bd and of Si. with OC% for the dataset were detected. Future work should extend this approach to the national scale dataset in the Irish Soil Information System.
A Study on the Chinese Enterprise Annuity Replacement Rate Problem
Authors: Yu Mei , Xie Haibin , Huang Xiaowei , Xu Jinhai , Ralescu Dan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the enterprise annuity replacement rate in China is discussed. The enterprise annuity replacement rate refers to the ratio of pension income and wages income before retired. It is an important indicator to measure the standard of living of the elderly population. The paper succeeded derived the equilibrium model of the enterprise annuity fund under the cost and management fee, and the enterprise annuity replacement rate is deduced. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of each parameter is given, and the enterprise annuity rate of substitution for different gender is also obtained, which shows that the existing system of enterprise annuity unfairness to exist between men and women.
A Novel Intelligence Recommendation Model for Insurance Products with Consumer Segmentation
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Jiajia , Zhao Ziqi , Sun Caihong , Ma Jian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs one of the financial industries, the insurance industry is now facing a vast market and significant growth opportunities. The insurance company will generate a lot transaction data each day, thus forming a huge database. Recommending insurance products for customers accurately and efficiently can help to improve the competitiveness of insurance company. Data mining technologies such as association rules have been applied to the recommendation of insurance products. However, large policyholders’ data will be calculated when it being processed with associate rule algorithm. It not only requires higher cost of time and space, but also can lead to the final rules lack of accuracy and differentiation. In this paper, a recommendation model for insurance products based on consumer segmentation is constructed, which first divides consumer group into different classes and then processed with associate rule algorithm. The empirical results show that our proposed method not only makes the consumption of association rules analysis reduced, it has also got more effective product recommendation results.
Price Increasing Timing of Competitive Perishable Products
Authors: Zhang Wensi , Li Jinlin , Ran Lun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDynamic pricing has been proven to be an effective tool to increase revenue in many industries. We discuss the optimal time point to increase price of perishable products under duopoly competition in revenue management. We propose a game-theoretic model to describe the price increasing timing problem of competitive perishable products in the same market. By solving this problem, we show the existence of Stackelberg equilibrium point and Cournot equilibrium point when choosing the optimal price switching time. To illustrate our results, we also present a numerical example. Our results are applicable for decision makers to determine the optimal time to stop discounting.
Modeling and Forecasting Morbidity and Disease-mortality of Chinese Impaired Lives with the General Chronic Diseases
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yuan Yanran 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The paper did some work to analyze the longevity risk of impaired lives with general chronic diseases. The work was based on the age-specific, time-specific and disease-specific data set which is from the underwriting data base, the Chinese healthy yearbook and the medical institution. After some analysis on the final data, the results showed that there was an obvious upward trend in morbidity and downward trend mortality. All the results can be used in the pricing process of insurance products for impaired lives. The paper also showed the pricing results of innovative life insurance products for impaired lives with diabetes. The conclusion means a good market chance for any insurance companies.
A Dynamic Model of Housing Wealth Effect: Based on the Diversity of Wealth Expectations
Authors: Jiao Danxiao , Wu Di , Li Xiuting , Dong Jichang , Dash Wu Desheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConsidering the dynamics and diversity of wealth expectations, this paper follows and extends Hall’s consumption function to establish a new dynamic model of housing wealth effect. People are classified into the rich group and the poor group and a housing wealth effect model is made for each group to explore the relationship between housing wealth effect and social inequality. We get three interesting conclusions which are helpful for further empirical test apart from the former deviation or fallacy.
Well-posedness and Stability of the Repairable System with Three Units and Vacation
Authors: Han Xiaoshuang , Teng Mingyan , Fang Ming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe stability of the repairable system with three units and vacation was investigated by two different methods in this note. The repairable system is described by a set of ordinary differential equation coupled with partial differential equations with initial values and integral boundaries. To apply the theory of positive operator semigroups to discuss the repairable system, the system equations were transformed into an abstract Cauchy problem on some Banach lattice. The system equations have a unique non-negative dynamic solution and positive steady-state solution and dynamic solution strongly converges to steady-state solution were shown on the basis of the detailed spectral analysis of the system operator. Furthermore, the Cesáro mean ergodicity of the semigroupT(t) generated by the system operator was also shown through the irreducibility of the semigroup.
Bayesian Subset Selection for Reproductive Dispersion Linear Models
Authors: Zhao Yuanying , Xu Dengke , Duan Xingde , Pang Yicheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe propose a full Bayesian subset selection method for reproductive dispersion linear models, which bases on expanding the usual link function to a function that incorporates all possible subsets of predictors by adding indictors as parameters. The vector of indicator variables dictates which predictors to delete. An efficient MCMC procedure that combining Gibbs sampler and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is presented to approximate the posterior distribution of the indicator variables. The promising subsets of predictors can be identified as those with higher posterior probability. Several numerical examples are used to illustrate the newly developed methodology.
Study on Evolutionary Algorithm Online Performance Evaluation Visualization Based on Python Programming Language
Authors: Shi Ruifeng , Zhang Ning , Jiao Runhai , Zhou Zhenyu , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Evolutionary computations are kinds of random searching algorithms derived from natural selection and biological genetic evolution behavior. Evaluating the performance of an algorithm is a fundamental task to track and find the way to improve the algorithm, while visualization technique may play an important act during the process. Based on current existing algorithm performance evaluation criteria and methods, a Python-based programming tracking strategy, which employs 2-D graphical library of python matplotlib for online algorithm performance evaluation, is proposed in this paper. Tracking and displaying the performance of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimizing two typical numerical benchmark problems are employed for verification and validation. Results show that the tracking strategy based on Python language for online performance evaluation of evolutionary algorithms is valid, and can be used to help researchers on algorithms’ performance evaluation and finding ways to improve it.
Forecasting the Crude Oil Price with Extreme Values
Authors: Xie Haibin , Zhou Mo , Hu Yi , Yu Mei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExtreme values are usually given special attention. Using a decomposition-based vector autoregressive (VAR) model, this paper investigates the additional information of extreme values for forecasting the crude oil price. Empirical studies performed on the WTI spot crude oil price over year 1986-2013 are positive: decomposition-based VAR model produces significant both in-sample and out-of-sample forecast. Different evaluation tests are used and the results unanimously report the dominance of decomposition-based VAR over both efficient market model and ARIMA model. These findings are important as they hint that forecasts can be improved if high-low extreme information is properly used. An even more interesting finding is that the predictability of the crude oil price is asymmetric: crude oil price is more predictable in recession than in expansion. This finding is of great significance as it means there is information friction in the oil market especially when the oil price is in recession.
Using a novel method of potential available energy to determine masting condition influence on sex-specific habitat selection by Asiatic black bears
Authors: Umemura Yoshihiro , Koike Shinsuke , Kozakai Chinatsu , Yamazaki Koji , Nemoto Yui , Nakajima Ami , Kohri Mari , Abe Shin , Masaki Takashi , Kaji Koichi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Habitat selection is assumed to accrue fitness benefits. Where resource availability is variable, individuals should respond by changing habitat selection to increase resource availability. However, direct links between observed changes in habitat selection and energetic benefits of this behavior are rarely detected. We used a novel method whereby we converted interannual production levels of three hard-mast-producing Fagaceae species into a comparative energetic productivity score to investigate potential energetic benefits of Asiatic black bear habitat selection. We captured and fitted GPS collars on 19 bears between 2006 and 2010 in the Ashio-Nikko Mountains, Japan. We also collected data on hard-mast production and integrated these data with fine-scale vegetation maps. Then we mapped the potential available mast energetic production for each vegetation type to evaluate their potential energetic benefit for bears. Habitat use differed between poor and good mast years. Bears mostly used Japanese oak in good mast years, and there were sexual differences in September of poor mast years; females used mostly Japanese oak, whereas males used Konara oak. In those years, bears may have benefitted energetically by changing habitat use; however, the mean potential available energy to bears never exceeded that in good mast years, even if they used different habitats.
Syntopy of cryptic Phyllomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) species: description of the karyotype of Phyllomys nigrispinus and an expansion of the geographic distribution of Phyllomys sulinus
Authors: Delciellos Ana Cláudia , Loss Ana Carolina , Aguieiras Marcia , Geise Lena , Rocha-Barbosa Oscar 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The echimyid rodents of the genus Phyllomys are medium-sized arboreal spiny rats endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The genus is currently composed of 13 species, although there are at least four other undescribed species. The ecology, zoogeography and diversity of the genus are still poorly understood. Here, we provide the first record of Phyllomys sulinus from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, based on a specimen collected in the Serra da Bocaina National Park, which extends the known geographic range of the species approximately 130 km to the northeast. At this site, P. sulinus occurred in syntopy with the cryptic Phyllomys nigrispinus. We describe the karyotype of P. nigrispinus for the first time and identify two different diploid numbers (2n=84 and 85). We also conducted a molecular analysis of the cytochrome b gene of five specimens, which we identified by phylogenetic reconstruction. Our findings reinforce the importance of molecular data, such as DNA sequences, and karyotypes for the differentiation of cryptic, syntopic species.
Postnatal growth, wing development and age estimations in the Mediterranean horseshoe batRhinolophus euryale(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in Kerend cave, western Iran
Authors: Eghbali Hojjat , Shahabi Saeed , Najafi Nargess , Mehdizadeh Robab , Yousefi Shetav , Sharifi Mozafar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe quantified postnatal changes in body mass, length of forearm, length of total gap of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal joint and changes in wing morphology, including the wingspan, wing area, handwing length, handwing area, armwing length, armwing area, aspect ratio and wing loading inRhinolophus euryalein a maternity roost in Kerend cave, western Iran. Mean body mass of pups increased linearly until 23 days, when they achieved 74.29% of the mean mass of adult females (11.28±0.74 g, n=12). Rates of body mass gain and forearm growth during the early stage of postnatal growth were 0.36 g/day and 1.41 mm/day, respectively. Length of epiphyseal gap increased during the first 3 weeks and subsequently followed by a linear decrease until day 70 when it closed. Wing characteristics increased linearly until the age of the first flight, after which growth rates significantly declined (all p<0.05). Wing loading decreased linearly (−0.09 Nm−2/day) until 36 days of age and thereafter increased to a maximum of 6.56±0.30 Nm−2at 80 days of age. We compare our results with data obtained from close-related bat species, particularlyRhinolophus mehelyipreviously studied in a nearby area.
Social Structures, Gender Dimensions and Semantic Implications in Dance: The Sergiani Custom in the Village of Megala Kalivia (Trikala)
Authors: Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Tyrovola Vasiliki , Koutsouba Maria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThroughout the world there are rites and customs that take place in the context of a specific time and place. The dance act is a reflection of the local society, as it represents a way of validating or questioning the local structures, interpersonal and gender relations, as well as the community policies. Such custom would be the custom of sergiani in the community of Megala Kalyvia (Trikala). The aim of this paper is to examine the custom of sergiani and the role of the dance in that community. The collection and processing of data is based on the principles of ethnographic study. In order to examine the form of the dance, the structural-morphological model is used, while the dances were notated using the Labanotation system. The interpretation of the dance is based on the methodological optics as established by Hanna (1988), according to whom, in order to reach conclusions regarding the society and gender relations, dance must be taken into account. By controlling the patriarchal sovereignty in that community, the female gender would always find mechanisms to show resistance and renegotiate women’s role, position and relation not only against the opposite sex, but also within women. Those mechanisms are triggered through customary and dance practices, such as the sergiani custom.
Community Service Learning among Health Sciences and Medical Undergraduates at a Malaysian setting: Providers′ and Recipients′ Portraits
Authors: Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Mamat Maziah , Rajikan Roslee , Nordin Nor Azlin Mohd , Umat Cila , Rahman Nor Najwatul Akmal Ab , Sidik Nor Ayuslinawati bt. Che 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCommunity Service learning (CSL) or Community engagement integrated teaching and learning (CEITL) offers reciprocal learning to both the providers and recipients. While it is important to consider the opinions of both parties for successful CSL, limited information exists in this topic area locally. The objective of this study was to explore undergraduates′ and communities′ perceptions regarding their experience and services provided during CSL. Recollections of 12 health sciences and medical undergraduates, and 18 members of the community whom participated in CSL programmes were sought using focus group discussions. This included their understanding of the programme, its benefits, challenges and their solutions and preferred activities. Undergraduates perceived CSL as an activity considered important to provide interactions between students and community. The perceived benefits of CSL were enhancement of interpersonal communication skills, negotiation of mutual understanding and experiencing real life situations. Undergraduates suggested that CSL should be well planned and scheduled. The CSL was seen by the communities as a platform for the recipients′ children to learn from the undergraduates as role models, future collaboration opportunities and health knowledge sharing. Weaknesses highlighted were; unstructured schedules, lack of variation in activities and CSL programme duration been too short to be effective. Suggestions provided for improved CSL were; extended time for health screening and better planned schedules. The findings suggest that undergraduates are aware of the significance of CSL in complementing their learning whereas the community have a positive outlook regarding CSL rendered by undergraduates. Further improvements are warranted in the implementation of more effective CSL programmes.