bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of an Artificial Tear Containing 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid in the Management of Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease
Authors: López-de la Rosa Alberto , Pinto-Fraga José , Blázquez Arauzo Francisco , Urbano Rodríguez Rubén , González-García María J. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new 0.3% hyaluronic acid artificial tear compared with 0.9% saline solution (0.9% NaCl) in moderate-to-severe dry eye patients after 1 month's use.

Methods:
A total of 16 patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye were included in this crossover study. After a 1-week washout period, patients used the experimental (Visaid 0.3%) or control solution (0.9% NaCl), selected randomly, applying three to eight drops daily for a month. After another washout period, patients used the other solution in the same way. Percentage of change (ΔY) was calculated and analyzed for (1) safety variables: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and ophthalmoscopy evaluation; (2) efficacy variable: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire; and (3) secondary variables: biomicroscopy findings, fluorescein corneal staining, lissamine green conjunctival staining, tear breakup time (TBUT), contrast sensitivity, Schirmer test, and subject satisfaction.

Results:
There were no significant differences in the safety parameters for either solution. After using Visaid 0.3%, patients showed significant improvements in OSDI score (ΔY: −9.66%±10.90), tarsal hyperemia (ΔY: −16.67%±27.89), corneal staining extension (ΔY: −34.90%±42.41), TBUT (ΔY: 13.98%±26.19), and subjective satisfaction (ΔY: 38.06%±47.06). When using 0.9% NaCl, Schirmer test results were significantly worse (ΔY: −11.47%±19.27). A significant difference between the 2 solutions was found in TBUT (ΔY: 13.98%±26.19 vs. 10.15%±42.34, respectively; P=0.0214).

Conclusion:
Visaid 0.3% is a safe product with some benefits over 0.9% NaCl in reducing ocular symptoms and improving some ocular signs in patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye.
Predicting Short-term Performance of Multifocal Contact Lenses
Authors: Diec Jennie , Tilia Daniel , Naduvilath Thomas , Bakaraju Ravi C. 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To investigate if initial multifocal contact lens (MFCL) performance predicts short-term dispensing performance.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 55 participants (Px) in a masked, crossover, clinical trial, using ACUVUE OASYS for Presbyopia and AIR OPTIX AQUA Multifocal. Subjective questionnaires were administered at the following instances: initial fitting, two take home questionnaires (THQ) completed between days 2 and 4 and at assessment, ≥5 days after fitting. Questionnaires included vision clarity and lack of ghosting at distance, intermediate and near at day/night time points rated on a 1 to 10 (1-step, 10 most favorable) rating scale. Vision stability, vision while driving, overall vision satisfaction, willingness to purchase and comfort, as well as acuity-based measures were also collected.

Results:
There were no statistical differences in comfort and vision at all distances, in vision stability or driving at either time points between THQ and assessment (P>0.05). However, there was a statistical decline in subjective overall vision satisfaction and comfort between fitting and assessment visits (P<0.001). Willingness to purchase remained the same at fitting and assessment in 68% of Px, whereas only 4% of Px converted to a positive willingness to purchase at assessment. The majority of acuity-based measures remained constant between fitting and assessment visits.

Conclusion:
Initial performance at fitting was not able to predict short-term performance of MFCL. Subjective measures peaked at fitting and declined thereafter whereas acuity-based measures remained constant. Utility of subjective rating tools may aid practitioners to gauge success of MFCL.
Transscleral Suture-Fixated Versus Intrascleral Haptic-Fixated Intraocular Lens: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sinha Rajesh , Bansal Mayank , Sharma Namrata , Dada Tanuj , Tandon Radhika , Titiyal Jeewan S. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To compare the clinical outcomes between sutured transscleral-fixated and intrascleral haptic-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting:
Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Design:
A comparative case series.

Methods:
Forty eyes of 40 patients were included; 20 in each group. Patients in group 1 underwent sutured transscleral-fixated IOL and those in group 2 underwent intrascleral haptic-fixated IOL augmented by fibrin glue. Parameters evaluated were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), IOL tilt on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and pseudophakodonesis on slitlamp and UBM.

Results:
The most common cause of aphakia was complicated cataract surgery (50%). The mean preoperative UCVA in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) was 1.59±0.24 and 1.63±0.26 in group 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.45). There was significant improvement in UCVA in both groups (P=0.001) at 6 months (group 1: 0.33±0.17; group 2: 0.22±0.10); the improvement being greater in group 2 (P<0.05). Mean percentage endothelial cell loss and IOP change were comparable. Mean CMT (μm) was 250.95±23.98 and 225.85±21.13 in group 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.009). Pseudophakodonesis was more in group 1 as assessed on slitlamp (P=0.037) and as assessed on UBM (P=0.046). Macular edema was the most common complication seen more in group 1.

Conclusions:
Intrascleral haptic-fixated IOL provides more stable fixation, better visual outcome, and lesser complication in comparison with sutured transscleral-fixated IOL.
The Use of the Colposcopically Directed Punch Biopsy in Clinical Practice: A Survey of British Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (BSCCP)-Accredited Colposcopists
Authors: Myriokefalitaki Eva , Redman Charles W.E. , Potdar Neelam , Pearmain Philippa , Moss Esther L. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
The colposcopically directed punch biopsy has been an integral component of colposcopic practice. In light of the changing landscape of the cervical screening programme, a study was conducted to investigate the current practice of British Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology–accredited colposcopists on technique and rationale for performing a punch biopsy.

Materials and Methods
A web-based questionnaire survey was e-mailed to all British Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology–accredited colposcopists. Questions included selection criteria for performing a punch biopsy, number of biopsies, and technique. Results were analyzed by specialty, experience, and workload.

Results
A total of 749 colposcopists responded, 50.2% of the 1,493 total. The respondents were obstetrician and gynecologists (42.9%), gynecologists/oncologists (33.6%), and nurse colposcopists (19.8%). Most colposcopists (78.3%) had more than 5-year colposcopy experience and saw in excess of 11 new cases (73.4%) of abnormal cervical cytology/month. Most colposcopists (56%) aimed to take 2 biopsies to diagnose cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and very few (16.2%) reported routinely taking random biopsies from normal areas of cervix. Looking at the trends in management in the case scenarios, there was a lower threshold for performing punch biopsy before large loop excision of the transformation zone in younger (age, <25 years) or nulliparous women versus older women (age, >40 years; p < .05). Colposcopists were more likely to take biopsies in women with low-grade cytology/colposcopic findings (71.2%, always or most of the times) as compared with high-grade cytology/colposcopic findings (40.3%, never or rarely).

Conclusions
Colposcopically directed punch biopsy is routinely used by colposcopists; however, techniques, number of biopsies taken, and rationale for performing a biopsy vary greatly between colposcopists.
See-and-Treat for High-Grade Cytology: Do Young Women Have Different Rates of High-Grade Histology?
Authors: Smith Haller J. , Leath Charles A. , Huh Warner K. , Erickson Britt K. 
Published: May 2016

Objective
To compare rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or greater (CIN3+) between women aged 21 to 24 and women aged 25 or older undergoing a see-and-treat strategy for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, women treated with a see-and-treat loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP) for HSIL cytology at our university-based colposcopy clinic between 2008 and 2013 were identified. Data collected included age, race, parity, smoking status, method of contraception, history of abnormal cytology, HIV status, and LEEP histology. Cohorts were compared using Pearson chi-squared test of association and Fisher exact test.

Results
Three hundred sixty-nine women were included in this analysis. The mean age was 30 (SD, 7.2; range, 21–56). Ninety-seven women (26.3%) were 21 to 24 years old. The rate of CIN3 in all women undergoing a see-and-treat LEEP for HSIL cytology was 65.9% (95% CI, 60.8–70.5). The rate of CIN 2 was 15.2% (95% CI, 11.9–19.2). Three women (1.1%) had invasive carcinoma. There was no difference in risk of CIN3+ in the young women compared with women aged 25 years or older (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.92–2.02). Within this see-and-treat population, there was no correlation between presence of CIN3+ and race, smoking, contraception, or HIV status.

Conclusions
Most women undergoing see-and-treat for HSIL cytology will have CIN3 on final histology. In this large cohort, women aged 21 to 24 did not have lower rates of CIN3 compared with women aged 25 and older, suggesting that see-and-treat is still a valid treatment option for the prevention of invasive disease in young women.
See-and-Treat Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for High-Grade Cervical Cytology: Are We Overtreating?
Authors: Kuroki Lindsay M. , Bergeron Lauren M. , Gao Feng , Thaker Premal H. , Massad Leslie S. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
To report the overtreatment rate for see-and-treat versus 3-step conventional strategy (cervical cytology, colposcopic biopsies, then LEEP) for patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology. Our second aim was to identify risk factors for overtreatment.

Methods
We included 178 women with HSIL cytology from our university-based colposcopy clinic who underwent LEEP between 2007 and 2014. Overtreatment was defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 or less on LEEP specimen. Differences between treatment groups were compared using chi-square test, 2-sample t test, or Mann-Whitney rank-sum test as appropriate.

Results
CIN2+ was found in 69 (80%) of women in the see-and-treat group and 69 (75%) of the conventional management group (P = 0.093), with overtreatment in 17 (20%) and 23 (25%, P = 0.403), respectively. Women who underwent see-and-treat (n = 86) were older (mean age, 36 vs 31 years; P = 0.007), and a greater proportion completed childbearing (30% vs 13%, P = 0.024). There were no differences in top hat excision; however, a higher proportion of the see-and-treat group had CIN2+ in endocervical samples (54% vs 27%, P = 0.047). Overtreatment, regardless of management strategy, was associated with age at time of LEEP, where older women were more likely to be overtreated (median age, 37 vs 32 years, respectively; OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; P = 0.011).

Conclusions
A see-and-treat strategy minimizes risk of loss to follow-up with a similar overtreatment rate compared with conventional management. With CIN2+ in some three-fourths of women with HSIL, a see-and-treat should be favored especially when adherence to follow-up is questionable.
α1,2‐Fucosyllactose Does Not Improve Intestinal Function or Prevent Escherichia coli F18 Diarrhea in Newborn Pigs
Authors: Cilieborg Malene S. , Sangild Per T. , Jensen Michael L. , Østergaard Mette V. , Christensen Lars , Rasmussen Stine O. , Mørbak Anne L. , Jørgensen Claus B. , Bering Stine B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Infectious diarrhea, a leading cause of morbidity and deaths, is less prevalent in breastfed infants compared with infants fed infant formula. The dominant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), α‐1,2‐fucosyllactose (2′‐FL), has structural homology to bacterial adhesion sites in the intestine and may in part explain the protective effects of human milk. We hypothesized that 2′‐FL prevents diarrhea via competitive inhibition of pathogen adhesion in a pig model for sensitive newborn infants.Methods:Intestinal cell studies were coupled with studies on cesarean‐delivered newborn pigs (n = 24) without (control) or with inoculation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 (7.5 × 1010/day for 8 days) fed either no (F18) or 10 g/L 2′‐FL (2FL‐F18).Results:In vitro studies revealed decreased pathogen adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells with 2′‐FL (5 g/L; P < 0.001). F18 pigs showed more diarrhea than control pigs (P < 0.01). Administration of 2′‐FL to F18 pigs failed to prevent diarrhea, although the relative weight loss tended to be reduced (−19 vs −124 g/kg, P = 0.12), higher villi were observed in the distal small intestine (P < 0.05), and a trend toward increased proportion of mucosa and activities of some brush border enzymes in the proximal small intestine. In situ abundance of α‐1,2‐fucose and E coli was similar between groups, whereas sequencing showed higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in F18, Enterococcus in control and Lachnospiraceae in 2FL‐F18 pigs.Conclusions:2′‐FL inhibited in vitro adhesion of E coli F18 to epithelial cells, but had limited effects on diarrhea and mucosal health in newborn pigs challenged with E coli F18.
Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus After Fixed‐Dose Combination Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir in an Adolescent Female With Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Smith Sara K. , Rosenthal Philip 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTCurrently the only Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for children with chronic hepatitis C virus is pegylated interferon with ribavirin, which is associated with significant adverse effects and low sustained virologic response rates. In this report, we discuss the use of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir to treat an adolescent with cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C virus.
Predictors of Pouchitis After Ileal Pouch‐Anal Anastomosis in Children
Authors: Dharmaraj Rajmohan , Dasgupta Mahua , Simpson Pippa , Noe Joshua 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Predictive factors for the development of pouchitis after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) in children have not been well studied. In this retrospective study, the incidence and risk factors that predict pouchitis in children with IPAA will be identified.Methods:The records of patients who underwent IPAA surgery at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between January 2000 and December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings consistent with pouchitis were identified. The groups of patients with and without pouchitis or chronic pouchitis were compared to determine which demographic, pathological, or disease characteristics may serve as predictive factors for the development of pouchitis or chronic pouchitis.Results:Out of a total of 60 patients who underwent IPAA, preoperative diagnosis was ulcerative colitis (UC) in 43 and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in 17. Pouchitis was identified in 24 (56%) patients with UC and 2 (12%) patients with FAP. Subgroup analysis of patients with UC revealed that chronic pouchitis occurred in 15 (35%) patients. The median follow‐up period from construction of the IPAA was 35 months (range 4.59–104.26 months). The study analysis revealed that a higher Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index score at the time of diagnosis was a significant predictive factor for both pouchitis (P = 0.001) and chronic pouchitis (P = 0.02).Conclusions:Patients with UC and a higher PUCAI score at the time of diagnosis have a higher risk for developing pouchitis.
Associated Factors for Antegrade Continence Enemas for Refractory Constipation and Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Gomez‐Suarez Roberto A. , Gomez‐Mendez Michelle , Petty John K. , Fortunato John E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:Determine clinical and manometric parameters associated with success of antegrade continence enemas (ACEs) administered via cecostomy in the treatment of constipation and fecal overflow incontinence.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of clinical symptoms and manometry (colonic and anorectal) before cecostomy in 40 pediatric patients (20 males, 20 females). The mean age at time of follow‐up was 9.5 ± 4.4 years with a mean follow‐up time of 12.2 ± 10.9 months. Clinical outcomes were defined as good, if subjects had >3 bowel movements per week, <2 episodes of soiling per week, and absence of pain at the time of follow‐up after cecostomy.Results:Before cecostomy, the mean duration of constipation and/or fecal incontinence was 7.7 ± 4.4 years, mean number of BMs was 1.5 ± 0.9 per week, and soiling episodes 4.12 ± 3.5 per week; 24 (60%) patients had abdominal pain. At follow‐up 30 out of 40 patients had a good outcome, and 10 had a poor outcome; with a difference in the number of weekly BM of 5.7 ± 2.2 versus 1.5 ± 0.9, P < 0.001, and soiling episodes (0.4 ± 1.5 vs 4 ± 3.1, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the duration of symptoms between groups. Obesity was more common in the poor‐outcome group, 60% versus 21% (P = 0.01). Abdominal pain was more common in the poor‐outcome group, 100% versus 47% (P = 0.003). Normal colonic manometry was associated with good outcome, whereas absence of high‐amplitude propagating contraction (HAPC) in any part of the colon was associated with poor outcome. No other differences in colonic manometry were observed between the good‐ and poor‐outcome groups with the exception of a trend toward decreased number of sigmoid HAPCs in the poor‐outcome group (P = 0.07). No differences were observed in anorectal manometry measurements between good‐ and poor‐outcome groups with the exception of an observable increased baseline resting pressure in the poor outcome (P = 0.05).Conclusions:Obesity and abdominal pain tend to be associated with poor outcomes after cecostomy for refractory constipation. Normal colonic and anorectal manometry were associated with good outcome. Absence of HAPC in any part of the colon, and increased baseline resting pressure of the anal canal were more associated with poor outcome. No other specific differences in either colonic or anorectal manometric parameters were observed in patients with good versus poor outcomes with cecostomy. Large prospective studies potentially combining other diagnostic modalities such as colonic transit studies are needed to determine the optimal tests to predict successful outcomes from cecostomy.
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory for Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Li-Juan , Jiang Nan , Li Zheng , Chen Xi-Wei , Wang Pei-Guo , Wang Xin , Zhao Yue 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Dysphagia is a common side effect of anticancer treatments in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and can worsen patients’ quality of life. A well-established measure is essential to evaluate dysphagia in HNC patients.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI-C) for HNC patients.

Methods:
A total of 220 subjects were included in the study. Reliability was examined by internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient). Validity was evaluated with Spearman correlations (r).

Results:
The Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficient of the MDADI-C were .923 and 0.942, respectively. The criterion validity of the MDADI-C was 0.777. The Spearman correlation coefficients of the MDADI-C with the European Organization for Research Into the Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Head and Neck Cancer (r = −0.851), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r = −0.424), radiotherapy dose (r = −0.553), and treatment regimens (r = −0.407) demonstrated good construct validity (all P < .01).

Conclusions:
The MDADI-C demonstrated good psychometric properties and would be a valuable tool for clinicians to screen dysphagia rapidly and evaluate its impact on the quality of life of HNC patients.

Implications for Practice:
The MDADI-C could be used to document and monitor the dysphagia level of HNC patients for clinicians, nurses, and researchers. This validated questionnaire will help nurses and doctors to improve dysphagia management in HNC patients and will allow researchers to compare the study results across different countries.
Postdischarge Care of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Argentina: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial*
Authors: Carney Nancy A. , Petroni Gustavo J. , Luján Silvia B. , Ballarini Nicolás M. , Faguaga Gabriela A. , du Coudray Hugo E. M. , Huddleston Amy E. , Baggio Gloria M. , Becerra Juan M. , Busso Leonardo O. , Dikmen Sureyya S. , Falcone Roberto , García Mirta E. , González Carrillo Osvaldo R. , Medici Paula L. , Quaglino Marta B. , Randisi Carina A. , Sáenz Silvia S. , Temkin Nancy R. , Vanella Elida E. 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To develop, in partnership with families of children with traumatic brain injury, a postdischarge intervention that is effective, simple, and sustainable.

Design:
Randomized Controlled Trial.

Setting:
Seven Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Centers in Argentina.

Patients:
Persons less than 19 years of age admitted to one of the study hospitals with a diagnosis of severe, moderate, or complicated mild traumatic brain injury and were discharged alive.

Interventions:
Patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or standard care group. A specially trained Community Resource Coordinator was assigned to each family in the intervention group. We hypothesized that children with severe, moderate, and complicated mild traumatic brain injury who received the intervention would have significantly better functional outcomes at 6 months post discharge than those who received standard care. We further hypothesized that there would be a direct correlation between patient outcome and measures of family function.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome measure was a composite measured at 6 months post injury. There were 308 patients included in the study (61% men). Forty-four percent sustained a complicated mild traumatic brain injury, 18% moderate, and 38% severe. Sixty-five percent of the patients were 8 years old or younger, and over 70% were transported to the hospital without ambulance assistance. There was no significant difference between groups on the primary outcome measure. There was a statistically significant correlation between the primary outcome measure and the scores on the Family Impact Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (ρ = 0.57; p < 0.0001). Children with better outcomes lived with families reporting better function at 6 months post injury.

Conclusions:
Although no significant effect of the intervention was demonstrated, this study represents the first conducted in Latin America that documents the complete course of treatment for pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury spanning hospital transport through hospital care and into the postdischarge setting.