bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MINOR MERGERS OR PROGENITOR BIAS? THE STELLAR AGES OF SMALL AND LARGE QUENCHED GALAXIES
Authors: Fagioli Martina , Carollo C. Marcella , Renzini Alvio , Lilly Simon J. , Onodera Masato , Tacchella Sandro 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the origin of the evolution of the population-averaged size of quenched galaxies (QGs) through a spectroscopic analysis of their stellar ages. This evolution has been claimed to arise from either the size growth of individual galaxies through a sequence of dry minor mergers, or the addition of larger, newly quenched galaxies to the pre-existing population (i.e., a progenitor bias effect). We use the 20k zCOSMOS-bright spectroscopic survey to select bona fide QGs at 0.2 < z < 0.8. We stack their spectra in bins of redshift, stellar mass, and size to compute stellar population parameters through fits to the rest-frame optical spectra and Lick indices. The size–age relation differs below and above ∼1011
M
⊙: at

, at all redshifts the stellar populations of the largest galaxies are younger than those of the smaller counterparts, indicating progenitor bias as the main driver of the average size evolution. In contrast, at higher masses, there is no clear size–age trend, supporting a substantial role of dry mergers in increasing with cosmic time the sizes of these most massive QGs. The [α/Fe] abundance ratios of QGs are (i) above-solar over the entire redshift range of our analysis, hinting at universally short timescales for the buildup of the stellar populations of QGs, and (ii) similar at all masses and sizes, suggesting similar (short) timescales for the whole QG population—and strengthening the role of mergers in the buildup of the most massive QGs in the universe.
THE LYMAN-CONTINUUM PHOTON PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY ξION OF z ∼ 4–5 GALAXIES FROM IRAC-BASED Hα MEASUREMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ESCAPE FRACTION AND COSMIC REIONIZATION
Authors: Bouwens R. J. , Smit R. , Labbé I. , Franx M. , Caruana J. , Oesch P. , Stefanon M. , Rasappu N. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Galaxies represent one of the preferred candidate sources to drive the reionization of the universe. Even as gains are made in mapping the galaxy UV luminosity density to

, significant uncertainties remain regarding the conversion to the implied ionizing emissivity. The relevant unknowns are the Lyman-continuum (LyC) photon production efficiency

and the escape fraction f
esc. As we show here, the first of these unknowns is directly measurable in z = 4–5 galaxies based on the impact the Hα line has on the observed IRAC fluxes. By computing a LyC photon production rate from the implied Hα luminosities for a broad selection of z = 4–5 galaxies and comparing this against the dust-corrected UV-continuum luminosities, we provide the first-ever direct estimates of the LyC photon production efficiency

for the

galaxy population. We find

to have a mean value of

and

for sub-L* z = 4–5 galaxies adopting Calzetti and SMC dust laws, respectively. Reassuringly, both derived values are consistent with the standard assumed

's in reionization models, with a slight preference for higher

's (by ∼0.1 dex) adopting the SMC dust law. High values of

(∼25.5–25.8 dex) are derived for the bluest galaxies (

) in our samples, independent of dust law and consistent with results for a z = 7.045 galaxy. Such elevated values of

would have important consequences, indicating that f
esc cannot be in excess of 13% for standard assumptions about the faint-end cut-off to the LF and the clumping factor.
GRB 090510: A GENUINE SHORT GRB FROM A BINARY NEUTRON STAR COALESCING INTO A KERR–NEWMAN BLACK HOLE
Authors: Ruffini R. , Muccino M. , Aimuratov Y. , Bianco C. L. , Cherubini C. , Enderli M. , Kovacevic M. , Moradi R. , Penacchioni A. V. , Pisani G. B. , Rueda J. A. , Wang Y. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
In a new classification of merging binary neutron stars (NSs) we separate short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into two subclasses. The ones with

erg coalesce to form a massive NS and are indicated as short gamma-ray flashes (S-GRFs). The hardest, with

erg, coalesce to form a black hole (BH) and are indicated as genuine short GRBs (S-GRBs). Within the fireshell model, S-GRBs exhibit three different components: the proper GRB (P-GRB) emission, observed at the transparency of a self-accelerating baryon-

plasma; the prompt emission, originating from the interaction of the accelerated baryons with the circumburst medium; and the high-energy (GeV) emission, observed after the P-GRB and indicating the formation of a BH. GRB 090510 gives the first evidence for the formation of a Kerr BH or, possibly, a Kerr–Newman BH. Its P-GRB spectrum can be fitted by a convolution of thermal spectra whose origin can be traced back to an axially symmetric dyadotorus. A large value of the angular momentum of the newborn BH is consistent with the large energetics of this S-GRB, which reach in the 1–10,000 keV range

erg and in the 0.1–100 GeV range

erg, the most energetic GeV emission ever observed in S-GRBs. The theoretical redshift

that we derive from the fireshell theory is consistent with the spectroscopic measurement

, showing the self-consistency of the theoretical approach. All S-GRBs exhibit GeV emission, when inside the Fermi-LAT field of view, unlike S-GRFs, which never evidence it. The GeV emission appears to be the discriminant for the formation of a BH in GRBs, confirmed by their observed overall energetics.
Welfare assessment of horses: the AWIN approach
Authors: Dalla Costa E , Dai F , Lebelt D , Scholz P , Barbieri S , Canali E , Zanella AJ , Minero M 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe EU-funded Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) research project (2011-2015) aimed to improve animal welfare through the development of practical on-farm animal welfare assessment protocols. The present study describes the application of the AWIN approach to the development of a welfare assessment protocol for horses (Equus caballus). Its development required the following steps: (i) selection of potential welfare indicators; (ii) bridging gaps in knowledge; (iii) consulting stakeholders; and (iv) testing a prototype protocol on-farm. Compared to existing welfare assessment protocols for other species, the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses introduces a number of innovative aspects, such as implementation of a two-level strategy focused on improving on-farm feasibility and the use of electronic tools to achieve standardised data collection and so promote rapid outcomes. Further refinement to the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses is needed in order to firstly gather data from a larger reference population and, secondly, enhance the welfare assessment protocol with reference to different horse housing and husbandry conditions.
Electrical stunning of edible crabs (Cancer pagurus): from single experiments to commercial practice
Authors: Roth B , GrimsbØ E 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo determine the optimal electrical stunning conditions for edible crabs (Cancer pagurus) their impedance was investigated along with currents with the potential to render the animal insensible within 1 s. This information was used to develop a commercial stunner and determine conditions that both stun and kill the animals instantaneously. Results show that the crabs’ impedance is dependent on the current frequency with the optimum outcome seen at net frequencies of 50–60 Hz. The proportion of animals stunned was dependent on the potential difference with 220 V required to stun an animal unconscious within 1 s. Any attempts to kill the crab with asphyxia after a 10-s exposure to electricity failed as 30% of crabs recovered within an hour. A thermal shock, pre- or post-stunning prevented this recovery. Autotomy was not avoided and approximately 4–7% of crabs lost one or more appendage. Electricity caused localised over-heating, but a current of 10-s duration did not cause heating of the carapace. We conclude that electrical stunning used in combination with a thermal shock may stun and kill the animal instantaneously.
Parallel generation of multiple first-order vector beams with a polarization grating and a q-plate device
Authors: Badham Katherine , Moreno Ignacio , Sánchez-López María M. , Davis Jeffrey A. , Hashimoto Nobuyuki , Kurihara Makoto , Albero Jorge , Cottrell Don M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Vector beams, usually generated using q-plates, are of interest because their polarization state varies spatially. In general, the q-plate performance is examined by illuminating the device and detecting the output beam with polarization states on the 6 cardinal points on the zero-order Poincaré sphere, requiring a total of 36 separate measurements. In this work we present a powerful technique to generate arbitrary vector beams in parallel, thus reducing the number of measurements required. We begin with a programmable polarization diffraction grating capable to generate an arbitrary number of diffraction orders with defined polarization states selected at will. Then we combine this grating with a segmented q-plate device with q = 1/2 value. Using this combination, the parallel generation of six arbitrary first-order vector beams is achieved in a single shot. Therefore, the analysis of these beams can be greatly reduced.
Fabrication of cellulose nanofiber‐based ultrafiltration membranes by spray coating approach
Authors: Wang Zhe , Ma Hongyang , Chu Benjamin , Hsiao Benjamin S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTUltrafiltration membranes containing a cellulose nanofiber barrier layer were fabricated by the spray coating method, where the thickness and uniformity of the barrier layer were systematically investigated as a function of air pressure, flow rate and concentration of the cellulose nanofiber suspension. In specific, the surface morphology of the barrier layer was studied by scanning electron microscopy and its uniformity was examined by the fluorescence dye imaging method. The ultrafiltration performance of the membranes fabricated by the spray coating method was also compared with that of the membranes made by the knife coating approach using dextran molecules as probe, where the former consistently exhibited significantly higher permeation flux while remaining the same rejection ratio. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44583.
Antimony/Porous Biomass Carbon Nanocomposites as High‐Capacity Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Li Pengxin , Zang Rui , Wang Shijian , Zhu Ye , Li Cong , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAntimony/porous biomass carbon nanocomposites have been prepared by a chemical reduction method and applied as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. The porous biomass carbon derived from a black fungus had a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 2233 m2 g−1 in which antimony nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the porous carbon. The as‐prepared antimony/porous biomass carbon nanocomposites exhibited a high reversible sodium storage capacity of 567 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, extended cycling stability, and good rate capability.
LncRNA PVT1 regulates prostate cancer cell growth by inducing the methylation of miR‐146a
Authors: Liu Hong‐tao , Fang Lei , Cheng Yu‐xia , Sun Qing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProstate cancer is the third most common causes of death from cancer in men. Our previous study demonstrated that lncRNA PVT1 was overexpressed and played an oncogenic role in the progression of prostate cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of modulating the prostate cancer tumorigenesis was still unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the interaction between PVT1 and miR‐146a in prostate cancer and reveal the potential mechanism in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. The expression level of miR‐146a was assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR. The correlation analysis and methylation status analysis was made to confirm the interaction between PVT1 and miR‐146a. Biological function analysis was performed through gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function strategies. Our results showed that miR‐146a was downregulated and negatively correlated with PVT1 level in prostate cancer. PVT1 mediated miR‐146a expression by inducing the methylation of CpG Island in its promoter. miR‐146a overexpression eliminated the effects of PVT1 knockdown on prostate cancer cells. PVT1 regulated prostate cancer cell viability and apoptosis depending on miR‐146a. Our study suggested a regulatory relationship between lncRNA PVT1 and miR‐146a during the process of the prostate cancer tumorigenesis. PVT1 regulated prostate cancer cell viability and apoptosis depending on miR‐146a. It would contribute to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer.
Preparation, Structure, and Reactivity of Pseudocyclic Benziodoxole Tosylates: New Hypervalent Iodine Oxidants and Electrophiles
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Klasen Scott C. , Shea Michael T. , Nguyen Khiem C. , Rohde Gregory T. , Saito Akio , Postnikov Pavel S. , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNew pseudocyclic benziodoxole tosylates were prepared by the treatment of 1‐hydroxybenziodoxolones with p‐toluenesulfonic acid or via ligand transfer reaction between PhI(OH)OTs (Koser's reagent) and substituted 2‐iodobenzoic acids under mild condition. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography of these compounds revealed a pseudocyclic structure with a short intramolecular interaction of 2.362 Å between oxygen and iodine in the iodoxole ring. Pseudocyclic benziodoxole tosylates readily react with various organic substrates as electrophiles or oxidants to afford the corresponding iodonium salts or the products of oxidation. Furthermore, these compounds can be used as efficient recyclable hypervalent iodine reagents. The reduced form of a pseudocyclic benziodoxole tosylate, 2‐iodobenzoic acid, can be efficiently recovered from the reaction mixture by a simple acid–base liquid–liquid biphasic procedure.
Facile Synthesis of 64Cu‐Doped Au Nanocages for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Yang Miaoxin , Huo Da , Gilroy Kyle D. , Sun Xiaojun , Sultan Deborah , Luehmann Hannah , Detering Lisa , Li Shunqiang , Qin Dong , Liu Yongjian , Xia Younan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article reports a simple and reliable approach to the synthesis of Cu‐doped Au nanocages through the co‐deposition of Au and Cu on the surfaces (both outer and inner) of pre‐synthesized Au nanocages by reducing HAuCl4 and CuCl2 with ascorbic acid under alkaline conditions. By controlling the total amount of Au and Cu deposited and/or the molar ratio between these two metals, we were able to adjust the Cu content in the resultant Au nanocages. The localized surface plasmon resonance properties of the Cu‐doped Au nanocages resemble those of the conventional Au nanocages, with strong and tunable absorption in the near‐infrared region. When radioactive 64CuCl2 was used in combination with nonradioactive CuCl2 as a source to elemental Cu, we obtained 64Cu‐doped Au nanocages. The radioactive nanocages could serve as tracers for position emission tomography (PET) imaging, and they were found to accumulate effectively in both 4T1 and patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Autoradiography analysis indicated a homogeneous intra‐tumoral distribution for these nanocages. Taken together, the 64Cu‐doped Au nanocages are promising for image‐guided cancer theranostics.
A variable‐sized stripe level data layout strategy for HDD/SSD hybrid parallel file systems
Authors: Liu Yan , Huang Xin , Huang Yizi , Geng Shaofeng , Peng Xin , Li Renfa 
Published: November 2016

SummaryParallel file systems commonly distribute a file across multiple file servers with a fixed‐size stripe, thereby allowing data access through multiple file servers. This default data layout works well in traditional homogeneous storage systems, but when solid state disks (SSDs) are conducted into a storage system, the data layout of hybrid parallel file systems has a chance to obtain better I/O performance. In this study, we propose a variable‐sized stripe level data layout strategy for hybrid parallel file systems (SLDP). SLDP divides the file into several regions according to the data access pattern and then finds the optimal configurations for each region among the solid state disk file server nodes and mechanical hard disk drive file server nodes. It uses variable stripe sizes to reorganize the data layout of file systems. Furthermore, it considers SSD space limitation, the main idea is to distribute key regions of the file to hybrid parallel file systems based on the optimal stripe configuration, which can significantly improve the system I/O throughput performance. The remaining parts of a file are then distributed according to the SSD free space threshold, which can leverage the SSD servers as much as possible. To achieve this, SLDP divides a large file into many fine‐grained regions and adjusts the data layout method for each region according to the access patter. Experimental results show that the SLDP is feasible and can improve system performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasted levels of genetic diversity in a benthic Mediterranean octocoral: Consequences of different demographic histories?
Authors: Masmoudi Moutassem Billah , Chaoui Lamya , Topçu Nur Eda , Hammami Pachka , Kara Mohamed Hichem , Aurelle Didier 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the factors explaining the observed patterns of genetic diversity is an important question in evolutionary biology. We provide the first data on the genetic structure of a Mediterranean octocoral, the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini, along with insights into the demographic history of this species. We sampled populations in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea: continental France, Algeria, Turkey, and the Balearic and Corsica islands. Along French coasts, three sites were sampled at two depths (20 and 40 m). We demonstrated a high genetic structure in this species (overall FST = 0.13), and most pairwise differentiation tests were significant. We did not detect any difference between depths at the same site. Clustering analyses revealed four differentiated groups corresponding to the main geographical areas. The levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity were significantly different between regions, with highest diversity in Algeria and lowest levels in Turkey. The highest levels of private allelic richness were observed in Algeria followed by Turkey. Such contrasted patterns of genetic diversity were not observed in other Mediterranean octocorals and could be the result of different evolutionary histories. We also provide new empirical evidence of contrasting results between tests and model‐based studies of demographic history. Our results have important consequences for the management of this species.
Effects of larval crowding on quantitative variation for development time and viability in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Horváth Barbara , Kalinka Alex T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCompetition between individuals belonging to the same species is a universal feature of natural populations and is the process underpinning organismal adaptation. Despite its importance, still comparatively little is known about the genetic variation responsible for competitive traits. Here, we measured the phenotypic variation and quantitative genetics parameters for two fitness‐related traits—egg‐to‐adult viability and development time—across a panel of Drosophila strains under varying larval densities. Both traits exhibited substantial genetic variation at all larval densities, as well as significant genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GEIs). GEI was attributable to changes in the rank order of reaction norms for both traits, and additionally to differences in the between‐line variance for development time. The coefficient of genetic variation increased under stress conditions for development time, while it was higher at both high and low densities for viability. While development time also correlated negatively with fitness at high larval densities—meaning that fast developers have high fitness—there was no correlation with fitness at low density. This result suggests that GEI may be a common feature of fitness‐related genetic variation and, further, that trait values under noncompetitive conditions could be poor indicators of individual fitness. The latter point could have significant implications for animal and plant breeding programs, as well as for conservation genetics.
An accurate pressure–velocity decoupling technique for semi‐implicit rotational projection methods
Authors: Tavakoli Ehsan 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this paper, an accurate semi‐implicit rotational projection method is introduced to solve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flow simulations. The accuracy of the fractional step procedure is investigated for the standard finite‐difference method, and the discrete forms are presented with arbitrary orders or accuracy. In contrast to the previous semi‐implicit projection methods, herein, an alternative way is proposed to decouple pressure from the momentum equation by employing the principle form of the pressure Poisson equation. This equation is based on the divergence of the convective terms and incorporates the actual pressure in the simulations. As a result, the accuracy of the method is not affected by the common choice of the pseudo‐pressure in the previous methods. Also, the velocity correction step is redefined, and boundary conditions are introduced accordingly. Several numerical tests are conducted to assess the robustness of the method for second and fourth orders of accuracy. The results are compared with the solutions obtained from a typical high‐resolution fully explicit method and available benchmark reports. Herein, the numerical tests are consisting of simulations for the Taylor–Green vortex, lid‐driven square cavity, and vortex–wall interaction. It is shown that the present method can preserve the order of accuracy for both velocity and pressure fields in second‐order and high‐order simulations. Furthermore, a very good agreement is observed between the results of the present method and benchmark simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate Governance, Bank Mergers and Executive Compensation
Authors: Liu Yan , Padgett Carol , Varotto Simone 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUsing a sample of US bank mergers from 1995 to 2012, we observe that the pre‐post merger changes in CEO bonus are significantly negatively related to the strength of corporate governance within the bidding bank. This suggests that bonus compensation is not consistent with the ‘optimal contracting hypothesis’. Salary changes, on the other hand, are not affected by corporate governance which is in line with ‘optimal contracting’. We also find that good governance is associated with more accretive deals for the bidder. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that, unlike salary and long‐term compensation, bonus compensation is not aligned with value creation and is more vulnerable to CEO manipulation in banks with poor corporate governance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.