bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electricity Market Liberalisation and Flexibility of Conventional Generation to Balance Intermittent Renewable Energy – Is It Possible to Stay Competitive?
Authors: Linkevics O. , Ivanova P. , Balodis M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Intermittent generation (solar PV and wind energy) integration in power production portfolio as well as electricity price fluctuations have changed the running manner of conventional combined heat and power (CHP) plants: the shift from base load operation to running in cyclic modes. These cogeneration power plants are not adapted to new running conditions. The level of CHP plant flexibility should be improved to operate profitably and efficiently from both technical and fuel usage point of view. There are different ways to increase the flexibility of power plants. Before any improvements, the situation at power plants should be evaluated and the weakest points defined. In this publication, such measures are presented on Riga CHP-2 plant example: installation of heat storage tank; extension of operation rang; acceleration of start-ups.
Does Zipf’s lawhold for Polish cities?
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Teresiński Jan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper we study Zipf’s law, which postulates that the product of a city’s population and its rank (the number of cities with a larger or equal population) is constant for every city in a given region. We show that the empirical literature indicates that the law may not always hold, although its general form, the rank-size rule, could be a good first approximation of city size distribution. We perform our own empirical analysis of the distribution of the population of Polish cities on the largest possible sample to find that Zipf’s law is rejected for Poland as the city sizes are less evenly distributed than it predicts.
On state pseudo-hoops
Authors: Ciungu Lavinia Corina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecently, the bounded pseudo-hoops with internal states have been defined and studied. Some of results are based on the hypothesis that a bounded pseudo-hoop has the Glivenko and (mN) properties. In this paper we show that this hypothesis is superfluous, namely every good pseudo-hoop satisfies the Glivenko and (mN) properties and those results are reformulated without that hypothesis. The pointed pseudo-hoops are introduced and studied and the notion of state operator has been generalized for the case of unbounded pseudo-hoops. We define the Bosbach and Riečan states on pointed pseudo-hoops and we make some considerations regarding the relationship between the state operators and states on these structures.
Multiple solutions of nonlinear fractional impulsive integro-differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Xuhuan , Lu Liang , Liang Jitai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of multiple solutions of fractional impulsive integrodifferential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. By applying the Amann theorem and the method of upper and lower solutions, we obtain some new results on the multiple solutions.
Sharp inequalities for bounding Seiffert mean in terms of the arithmetic, centroidal, and contra-harmonic means
Authors: Jiang Wei-Dong , Cao Jian , Qi Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the paper, the authors find two sharp and double inequalities for bounding the second Seiffert mean either by a one-parameter family of means derived from the centroidal mean or by a convex combination of the arithmetic and contra-harmonic means.
Bounded solutions of nonlinear discrete volterra equations
Authors: Migda Małgorzata , Migda Janusz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions, under which for every real constant, there exists a solution of the nonlinear discrete Volterra equationconvergent to this constant. We give also conditions under which all solutions are asymptotically constant. Sufficient conditions for the existence of asymptotically periodic solutions of the above equation are also derived.
On some basic properties of cones with proofs independent of Zorn’s Lemma
Authors: Zhang Guowei , Zhang Peng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWithout the use of Zorn’s Lemma there are the proofs for such two basic properties of cones given in normed spaces that a regular minihedral cone is strongly minihedral and that an increasing self-mapping on order interval induced by regular cone has minimal and maximal fixed points which have been proved in some references by virtue of Zorn’s lemma. We also show that a strongly minihedral generating cone is minihedral. At last, two cones in continuous function space are discussed as examples.
Application of Perov’s fixed point theorem to Fredholm type integro-differential equations in two variables
Authors: Aghajani Asadollah , Pourhadi Ehsan , Rivero Margarita , Trujillo Juan J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the concept of the so-called generalized metric space and give some results on the existence, uniqueness and estimation of the solutions of Fredholm type integrodifferential equations in two variables using Perov’s fixed point theorem. Furthermore, we give some illustrative examples to verify the effectiveness and applicability of our main result.
Monotonicity of error and Schur-convexity of a general two-point quadrature formula
Authors: Franjić Iva 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this work, the behaviour of the error of a general two-point quadrature formula is studied. It is established that the error in question has a monotonicity property and that this is equivalent to the fact that the function defined as the difference of the average value of the integral and the quadrature — that is, the error — is Schur-convex.
Stolarsky’s inequality for Choquet-like expectation
Authors: Agahi Hamzeh , Mesiar Radko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExpectation is the fundamental concept in statistics and probability. As two generalizations of expectation, Choquet and Choquet-like expectations are commonly used tools in generalized probability theory. This paper considers the Stolarsky inequality for two classes of Choquet-like integrals. The first class generalizes the Choquet expectation and the second class is an extension of the Sugeno integral. Moreover, a new Minkowski’s inequality without the comonotonicity condition for two classes of Choquet-like integrals is introduced. Our results significantly generalize the previous results in this field. Some examples are given to illustrate the results.
Preserving an obscure bird: achievements and future challenges of Corncrake (Crex crex Linnaeus, 1758) conservation in Hungary
Authors: Szentirmai István , Boldogh Sándor András , Nagy Károly , Habarics Béla , Szép Tibor 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The Corncrake is a strictly protected species in Hungary and a qualifying species of many Natura 2000 sites. Despite its Least concern global conservation status, it receives much attention and was elected as “Bird of the Year” by MME BirdLife Hungary in 2016. In this paper, we estimate its population trends and analyse the suitability of the protected area system and agri-environment schemes for the species. We compiled information on major threatening factors and conservation measures applied for the species. We reviewed international publications on the ecology and conservation management of the species to extract information for practical conservation. We estimated that 500–2000 pairs of Corncrakes breed in Hungary. Although their breeding sites are well covered by protected areas, Natura 2000 sites (42%) and High Nature Value Areas (67%), their population has declined by 55% over the last 20 years. We found that most of the major threatening factors are addressed by conservation management, and appropriate measures are applied in most cases. Recent research findings and recommendations by the BirdLife International Corncrake Conservation Team suggest that mowing of grasslands around nesting places should be delayed until 1–15 August either in the entire field or at least on 2 hectares around nests. Prescriptions of agri-environment schemes should also be adjusted to the above requirements and more farmers should be encouraged to enrol in Corncrake conservation programmes. We strongly suggest that more emphasis should be devoted to combat important threats for the most important breeding sites such as aridification and flooding.
Liability of physicans and dentists – key issues
Authors: Zalewski Michał , Fux-Zalewska Kamila 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhysicians and dentists can be held liable for commissions and omissions relating to the exercise of medical activity. Medical liability involves the obligation to redress the damage (harm) which occurred as a result of acts or omissions committed in the course of medical activity. Whether liability will arise depends on the occurrence of damage which stands in an adequate causal relationship to the event provided for in applicable regulations. This event may be non-performance or improper performance of a contract for the provision of medical services (contractual liability) or unlawful and culpable conduct in the exercise of medical action taken toward the patient who is not bound to the doctor by a legal relationship (tort liability). When a physician or a dentist is assigned a liability, he/she is obliged to redress the pecuniary damage and compensate for the non-pecuniary injury (wrong) suffered by the injured party.
Economic aspect of treatment in geriatrics
Authors: Zarębska Aneta , Pencuła Marcin , Jabłoński Mirosław 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction.There are few publications related to the economic analysis of the cost of care and treatment of geriatric patients as compared with other fields of medicine. Aging of the population, especially in highly civilized countries is inevitable. Cost index is used in the literature to analyse the utility costs. They reflect the so-called cost-effectiveness of medical procedures with the estimated remaining number of years adjusted quality of life.Aim.Economic evaluation of treatment in geriatrics. Rating demographic and economic situation in Poland on the basis of statistical data.Material and methods.PubMed database was searched through and the base of Polish Central Statistical Office (CSO) was used. Qualified articles on the economic efficiency of the treatment of older people in terms of coexistence of multi morbidity were used for the analysis. Also, the existing legal acts and publications of the Polish National Health Fund, the reports from the Supreme Chamber of Control, data from the CSO, the Ministry of Health and Social Insurance Office were taken into account. Statistical analyses were performed basing on data from the CSO.Conclusions.Multiple morbidities are usually correlated with a significant increase in the use of resources, as it “multiplies” the costs of health and social care. The incidence of comorbidities has increased due to the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases, such as cancer, together with the increasing age of the patients. So there is a need for a system of health and social care, which will take into account the economics, and which will evolve and follow the problems that emerge. First of all, the authors recognize the need to create a properly equipped hospital wards and geriatric clinic. It is also important to take into account the cost-incurrence of geriatric treatment so that the provider would have the ability to optimally treat patients comprehensively and not only their singular particular diseases.
Electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites prepared through microlayer extrusion technology
Authors: Li Changjin , Jiao Zhiwei , Xiong Liangzhao , Yang Weimin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The morphological distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer matrix has a crucial impact on the performance of CNT-filled polymer composites. A novel microlayer extrusion technology used in the dispersion and orientation of CNTs was proposed, and polypropylene (PP)/multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) composites with different numbers of layers were prepared with it. The MWCNT dispersion was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Raman mapping method, and the MWCNT orientation was quantified by Raman spectroscopy. The influences of the dispersion and orientation of MWCNTs on the electrical conductivity and crystallization behavior of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the anisotropic conducting properties of the multilayered composites varied distinguishably with the increase of layer numbers and rotation speed. Furthermore, the degree of crystallinity of PP increased when the layer number increased from 1 to 729. All of these results suggest that with the increase of the layer numbers and the rotation speed, the dispersion and orientation of MWCNTs in PP matrix improve greatly. Overall, we provide an efficient and practical approach to control the dispersion and orientation of CNT in polymer matrix, which has a promising application prospect in the field of plastic processing.
Butanol reforming: an overview on recent developments and future aspects
Authors: Kumar Brajesh , Kumar Shashi , Kumar Surendra 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Recently, hydrogen is utilized by numerous chemical industries as an alternate over non-renewable fuels, and surely it will be considered as an important fuel in the near future. This paper reports a review of various reforming technologies for hydrogen production from butanol produced by fermentation of feedstocks like wheat, sugar beets, sugar cane, etc. with a number of aspects involving selection of an appropriate catalyst to suppress undesirable products as many reforming reactions are dependent on the catalyst properties to enhance the formation of significant fuels which may fulfill the future energy needs. An overview of butanol reforming processes with experimental and theoretical studies in order to grasp possibilities and restrictions of these processes is not comprehensively presented yet. In this paper, an assessment of published articles in brief related to essential parameters to carry out a pertinent research in the future is presented for the advancement of fuel processing technologies.
Activation-Dependent Rapid Postsynaptic Clustering of Glycine Receptors in Mature Spinal Cord Neurons
Authors: Nakahata Yoshihisa , Eto Kei , Murakoshi Hideji , Watanabe Miho , Kuriu Toshihiko , Hirata Hiromi , Moorhouse Andrew J. , Ishibashi Hitoshi , Nabekura Junichi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInhibitory synapses are established during development but continue to be generated and modulated in strength in the mature nervous system. In the spinal cord and brainstem, presynaptically released inhibitory neurotransmitter dominantly switches from GABA to glycine during normal developmentin vivo. While presynaptic mechanisms of the shift of inhibitory neurotransmission are well investigated, the contribution of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors to this shift is not fully elucidated. Synaptic clustering of glycine receptors (GlyRs) is regulated by activation-dependent depolarization in early development. However, GlyR activation induces hyperpolarization after the first postnatal week, and little is known whether and how presynaptically released glycine regulates postsynaptic receptors in a depolarization-independent manner in mature developmental stage. Here we developed spinal cord neuronal culture of rodents using chronic strychnine application to investigate whether initial activation of GlyRs in mature stage could change postsynaptic localization of GlyRs. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate that chronic blockade of GlyR activation until mature developmental stage resulted in smaller clusters of postsynaptic GlyRs that could be enlarged upon receptor activation for 1 h in the mature stage. Furthermore, live cell-imaging techniques show that GlyR activation decreases its lateral diffusion at synapses, and this phenomenon is dependent on PKC, but neither Ca2+nor CaMKII activity. These results suggest that the GlyR activation can regulate receptor diffusion and cluster size at inhibitory synapses in mature stage, providing not only new insights into the postsynaptic mechanism of shifting inhibitory neurotransmission but also the inhibitory synaptic plasticity in mature nervous system.
Testosterone prevents protein loss via the hepatic urea cycle in human
Authors: Lam Teresa , Poljak Anne , McLean Mark , Bahl Neha , Ho Ken K Y , Birzniece Vita 
Published: January 2017

ContextThe urea cycle is a rate-limiting step for amino acid nitrogen elimination. The rate of urea synthesis is a true indicator of whole-body protein catabolism. Testosterone reduces protein and nitrogen loss. The effect of testosterone on hepatic urea synthesis in humans has not been studied.ObjectiveTo determine whether testosterone reduces hepatic urea production.DesignAn open-label study.Patients and interventionEight hypogonadal men were studied at baseline, and after two weeks of transdermal testosterone replacement (Testogel, 100 mg/day).Main outcomes measuresThe rate of hepatic urea synthesis was measured by the urea turnover technique using stable isotope methodology, with15N2-urea as tracer. Whole-body leucine turnover was measured, from which leucine rate of appearance (LRa), an index of protein breakdown and leucine oxidation (Lox), a measure of irreversible protein loss, were calculated.ResultsTestosterone administration significantly reduced the rate of hepatic urea production (from 544.4 ± 71.8 to 431.7 ± 68.3 µmol/min;P < 0.01), which was paralleled by a significant reduction in serum urea concentration. Testosterone treatment significantly reduced net protein loss, as measured by percent Lox/LRa, by 19.3 ± 5.8% (P < 0.05). There was a positive association between Lox and hepatic urea production at baseline (r2 = 0.60,P < 0.05) and after testosterone administration (r2 = 0.59,P < 0.05).ConclusionTestosterone replacement reduces protein loss and hepatic urea synthesis. We conclude that testosterone regulates whole-body protein metabolism by suppressing the urea cycle.
De NovoTranscriptome Characterization of a Sterilizing Trematode Parasite (Microphallussp.) from Two Species of New Zealand Snails
Authors: Bankers Laura , Neiman Maurine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSnail-borne trematodes represent a large, diverse, and evolutionarily, ecologically, and medically important group of parasites, often imposing strong selection on their hosts and causing host morbidity and mortality. Even so, there are very few genomic and transcriptomic resources available for this important animal group. We help to fill this gap by providing transcriptome resources from trematode metacercariae infecting two congeneric snail species, Potamopyrgus antipodarum and P. estuarinus. This genus of New Zealand snails has gained prominence in large part through the development of P. antipodarum and its sterilizing trematode parasite Microphallus livelyi into a textbook model for host–parasite coevolutionary interactions in nature. By contrast, the interactions between Microphallus trematodes and P. estuarinus, an estuary-inhabiting species closely related to the freshwater P. antipodarum, are relatively unstudied. Here, we provide the first annotated transcriptome assemblies from Microphallus isolated from P. antipodarum and P. estuarinus. We also use these transcriptomes to produce genomic resources that will be broadly useful to those interested in host–parasite coevolution, local adaption, and molecular evolution and phylogenetics of this and other snail–trematode systems. Analyses of the two Microphallus transcriptomes revealed that the two trematode types are more genetically differentiated from one another than are the M. livelyi infecting different populations of P. antipodarum, suggesting that the Microphallus infecting P. estuarinus represent a distinct lineage. We also provide a promising set of candidate genes likely involved in parasitic infection and response to salinity stress.
Regulators of Lysosome Function and Dynamics inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gee Kevin , Zamora Danniel , Horm Teresa , George Laeth , Upchurch Cameron , Randall Justin , Weaver Colby , Sanford Caitlin , Miller Austin , Hernandez Sebastian , Dang Hope , Fares Hanna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLysosomes, the major membrane-bound degradative organelles, have a multitude of functions in eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes are the terminal compartments in the endocytic pathway, though they display highly dynamic behaviors, fusing with each other and with late endosomes in the endocytic pathway, and with the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis and for wound repair. After fusing with late endosomes, lysosomes are reformed from the resulting hybrid organelles through a process that involves budding of a nascent lysosome, extension of the nascent lysosome from the hybrid organelle, while remaining connected by a membrane bridge, and scission of the membrane bridge to release the newly formed lysosome. The newly formed lysosomes undergo cycles of homotypic fusion and fission reactions to form mature lysosomes. In this study, we used a forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans to identify six regulators of lysosome biology. We show that these proteins function in different steps of lysosome biology, regulating lysosome formation, lysosome fusion, and lysosome degradation.
Conceptual Frameworks for Building Online Citizen Science Projects
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Darlington John 
Published: January 2017

In recent years, citizen science has grown in popularity due to a number of reasons, including the emphasis on informal learning and creativity potential associated with these initiatives. Citizen science projects address research questions from various domains, ranging from Ecology to Astronomy. Due to the advancement of communication technologies, which makes outreach and engagement of wider communities easier, scientists are keen to turn their own research into citizen science projects. However, the development, deployment and management of these projects remains challenging. One of the most important challenges is building the project itself. There is no single tool or framework, which guides the step-by-step development of the project, since every project has specific characteristics, such as geographical constraints or volunteers' mode of participation. Therefore, in this article, we present a series of conceptual frameworks for categorisation, decision and deployment, which guide a citizen science project creator in every step of creating a new project starting from the research question to project deployment. The frameworks are designed with consideration to the properties of already existing citizen science projects and could be easily extended to include other dimensions, which are not currently perceived.