bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Self-Screening Tool and Patient Alert Cards to Help Patients Identify and Manage Severe Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Srisuriyachanc Warisara , Foocharoen Chingching , Mahakkanukrauh Ajanee , Cox Anthony R , Jarernsiripornkul Narumol 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Few studies have examined the use of self-screening tools and patient alert cards (PAC) for screening adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Aim To examine the efficacy of self-screening tools and PAC for screening ADRs.
Methods A cross-sectional survey of outpatients was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The sample included patients over 18 years of age who were currently taking one of four prescription medicines—methotrexate, sulfasalazine, cyclosporine, or prednisolone. A self-screening tool was distributed to patients in either hard copy or on-line format depending on patient preference. Simple random sampling was used to assign patients to either receive a PAC or not.
Results A total of 922 self-screening tools were distributed with 709 returned (71.5%). Over half (n=388) of the respondents reported a total of 3437 symptoms that they credited to their medication. The most commonly reported symptom was angioedema (15.8%). The majority of patients (76.7%) used the temporal relationship between the onset of symptoms and the administration of the drug to decide if their ADR was associated with the drug and this proportion was higher in respondents who selected the online self-screening tool (70.7% and 83.2%, p=0.040). Half of the patients reported high satisfaction with their PACs.
Conclusions Providing patients with a self-screening tool and a PAC supported patients to report more ADRs compared to rates for spontaneous reporting alone. We propose that they should be provided to all patients to increase ADR reporting and to encourage HCPs to provide drug information, thereby improving patient medication safety.
Value of MRI-based VBQ scores in screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and diagnositic differences from those of DXA
Authors: Chen Ang , Feng Shangyong , She Dunmin , Yan Caifeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate the value of the vertebral bone quality score (VBQ) in osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women and the difference in the diagnosis between VBQ and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Methods
A total of 601 postmenopausal women who underwent lumbar MRI and DXA throughout the year 2022 were selected to obtain data to calculate the predictive value of the VBQ for osteoporosis via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and used the cut-off value was used as the criterion to compare the ability of the VBQ and DXA to detect osteoporosis. We also analyzed the correlation between the VBQ and T-values at each site.
Results
The mean age of the 601 menopausal women was 68.18 years, the prediction accuracy of the VBQ score for osteoporosis was 93.1%, and the cut-off value was 2.979. There were strong negative correlations between the VBQ score and T-value at each site; the detection rate of osteoporosis was higher than that of DXA according to the VBQ score; the VBQ score and DXA were comparable in 519 patients (86.4%), and they were incompatible in 82 patients (13.6%).
Conclusion
The VBQ score could distinguish osteoporosis from non-osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It was superior to DXA in detecting osteoporosis.
Clinical Characteristics And Risk Factors For Pruritus In Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Shao Ruo-Chen , Sun Ya-Ting , Fu Min , Ren Shi-Qing , Li Xiao-Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for pruritus in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and evaluate its impact on patient quality of life.
Methods Patients with NMOSD at the Department of Neurology of our hospital from December 2021 to August 2023 were followed up by outpatient visits or telephone interviews. The 5-D itch scale was used to evaluate pruritus intensity, the course of pruritus and pruritus-related interference in daily life during the entire disease course. We explored the factors correlated with pruritus by comparing the clinical features of patients with NMOSD with and without pruritus.
Results A total of 112 patients with NMOSD were enrolled. 32(28.6%) patients had pruritus. All of these patients had myelitis. 22 (68.8%) patients had pruritus for less than 6 hours/day, 26 (81.2%) had moderate or severe pruritus intensity, 16 (50%) had complete pruritus relief, and 30 (93.8%) had never or occasionally affected daily life. Compared with patients without pruritus, patients with pruritus were more common in males (P=0.030), younger in age (P=0.018), with a shorter course of disease (P=0.000), and with cervical cord lesions and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (P=0.013 and 0.022, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age (OR=0.031, 95% CI=0.002-0.421, P=0.009), short disease duration (OR=0.810, 95% CI=0.721-0.909, P=0.000), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (OR=7.346, 95% CI=1.172-46.052, P=0.033), and cervical lesions (OR=8.023, 95% CI=1.501-42.852, P=0.015) were independent factors correlated with pruritus in patients with NMOSD.
Conclusions Pruritus is a common clinical feature in patients with NMOSD, and it can be the initial symptom in some patients. A short disease course, younger age, cervical cord involvement and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis are risk factors for NMOSD with pruritus. Pruritus has a minor effect on the quality of life for the majority of NMOSD patients.
Distinct Microbial Signatures and Their Predictive Value in Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Insights from 5-region 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Authors: Wang Qiwen , Zheng Haorui , Du Zengkan , Chang Xinyao , Hang Zining , Liao Zhuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) poses significant clinical challenges, and the underlying microbial factors contributing to RAP remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify the microbial profiles associated with RAP and explore the potential microbial predictors for RAP.
Methods
Ninety patients were classified into non-recurrent acute pancreatitis (NRAP, n = 68) and RAP (n = 22) groups based on the number of pancreatitis episodes. Clinical characteristics were documented, and the microbial composition of serum samples was analyzed using 5-region (5R) 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Key microbial taxa and functional predictions were made. Additionally, a random forest model was used to assess the predictive value of microbial features for RAP. The impact of Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) on RAP was further evaluated in an experimental mouse model.
Results
Microbial analysis revealed specific taxa were differentially abundant between the groups. LefSE analysis highlighted significant microbial differences, with Paracoccus aminovorans, Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum and S. hominis being prominent in RAP. Functional predictions indicated enrichment of metabolic pathways in the RAP group. Random forest analysis identified key microbial taxa with an AUC value of 0.759 for predicting RAP. Experimental validation showed that S. hominis exacerbates pancreatic inflammation in mice.
Conclusions
This study identifies distinct clinical and microbial features associated with RAP, emphasizing the role of specific bacterial taxa in pancreatitis recurrence. The findings suggest that microbial profiling could enhance the diagnosis and management of RAP, paving the way for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Antisense oligonucleotides as a targeted therapeutic approach in model of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Macečková Diana , Vaňková Lenka , Bufka Jiří , Hošek Petr , Moravec Jiří , Pitule Pavel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) contribute to its heterogeneity, influencing disease progression, response to therapy, and patient outcomes. The use of antisense oligonucleotide (AONs) technology allows the design of oligonucleotide inhibitors based on gene sequence information alone, enabling precise targeting of key molecular pathways or specific genes implicated in AML.
Methods and Results
Midostaurin, an FLT3-specific inhibitor and AONs targeting specific genes, exons, or mutations were evaluated using AML models. This AON treatment was designed to bind to exon 7 of the muscleblind-like (MBNL1) gene. Another target was the FLT3 gene, focusing on two aspects: (a) FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication), to inhibit the expression of this aberrant gene and (b) the FLT3 in general. Treated and untreated cells were analyzed using quantitative PCR, dot blotting, and Raman spectroscopy. This study compared midostaurin with AONs, which inhibit FLT3 protein production or its isoforms via mRNA degradation. Increased FLT3 expression was observed in midostaurin-treated cells, whereas AON-treated cells showed decreased expression; however, these changes were not statistically significant.
Conclusions
In AML, exon 7 of MBNL1 is involved in several cellular processes. In this study, exon 7 of MBNL1 was targeted for method optimization, with the highest block of the exon 7 gene variant observed 48 h post-transfection. Midostaurin, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, acts against the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3, a critical molecule in AML pathogenesis. While midostaurin blocks the FLT3 signaling pathway, it paradoxically increases FLT3 expression.
Association of preoperative low circulating basophil counts with the prognostic factor in gastric cancer
Authors: Kawano Makiko , Oshima Yoko , Shiratori fumiaki , Suzuki Takashi , Yajima Satoshi , Funahashi Kimihiko , Shimada Hideaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Basophils play a crucial role in immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Recently, a low basophil count was reported to be a poor prognostic indicator in patients with malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the cut-off value to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the basophil count in patients with gastric cancer.
Methods
This study enrolled 1192 consecutive gastric cancer surgically treated between 2001 and 2020. The cut-off values were fixed at 26/µl based on the receiver of characteristics curves for overall survival, and 606 patients were classified as the low basophil group. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the low basophil count was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses
Results
Elderly age (p = 0.009), high C-reactive protein level (p < 0.001), and low neutrophil count (p < 0.001), are independently associated with low basophil count. The low basophil group demonstrated a significantly worse overall survival than the high basophil group (p = 0.005). Although there was no significant difference in stage I, the low basophil group demonstrated poor overall survival in stage II/III/IV. The low basophil count was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival (p = 0.042).
Conclusion
Low basophil count was significantly associated with elderly age, high C-reactive protein level, and low neutrophil count (< 26/µl). And, low basophil count was an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Thus, preoperative circulating basophil count assessment may be useful for predicting the postoperative survival of patients with gastric cancer.
Correlation of the Triglyceride-Glucose-Body Mass Index with All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jinping , Wang Xichao , Zhang Wenyu , Sun Na , Han Yingying , Chang Wenxiu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a simple indicator of insulin resistance and is linked to an elevated risk of mortality. Nevertheless, limited research has explored the associations between the TyG-BMI and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Methods
Patients initiating PD treatment at Tianjin First Central Hospital’s nephrology department from July 2013 to February 2024 had triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, height, and weight measured at baseline and monthly during follow-up. TyG-BMI was calculated, dividing PD patients into high, middle, or low TyG-BMI groups using tri-quantile method. Cox regression analysis assessed hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among these groups.
Results
A total of 865 patients were included. The mean TyG-BMI value for the entire study population was 212.27 ± 46.64. Patients in the high group had a higher proportion of patients whose primary kidney disease was diabetic nephropathy and the greatest proportion of patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus. During the follow-up, 266 (30.75%) deaths occurred, with CVD being the dominant cause in 110 (41.35%) patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that middle group patients had a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to other groups. For CVD mortality, high group patients had a significantly greater hazard ratio than middle group, while there was no significant difference between low and middle groups. Restricted cubic spline regression revealed U-shaped association between TyG-BMI and all-cause mortality risk, as well as J-shaped association with CVD mortality, inflection points were identified at 209.73 and 206.64 respectively.
Conclusion
The TyG-BMI shows U-shaped and J-shaped relationships with all-cause and CVD mortality risk, respectively, in PD patients. Additionally, significant sex differences were observed in these associations.
Cerebrolysin, Hemorrhagic Transformation, and Anticoagulation Timing after Reperfusion Therapy in Stroke: Secondary Analysis of the CEREHETIS Trial
Authors: Kalinin Mikhail N. , Khasanova Dina R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence supports Cerebrolysin’s efficacy in reducing hemorrhagic transformation (HT), but its impact on the timing of resuming anticoagulation therapy in stroke patients remains unclear.
Methods
A post hoc survival analysis of the CEREHETIS trial (ISRCTN87656744) was conducted. Patients with middle cerebral artery infarction (n = 238) were categorized into low-risk (HTI = 0) and high-risk (HTI > 0) groups based on HTI scores. The 14-day follow-up included any HT and symptomatic HT as failure events. Hazard deceleration (HD) curves were generated using the Gompertz model to estimate changes in the hazard function over time. The inception point, defined as when the HD curve dropped below the 5% threshold, indicated a constant hazard function. Timing of restarting anticoagulation therapy was inferred from the inception points using the HD curves and the lower limit of their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
In the HTI > 0 cohort, Cerebrolysin reduced the risk of symptomatic HT and any HT, with hazard ratios of 0.245 (95% CI 0.072–0.837; p = 0.020) and 0.543 (95% CI 0.297–0.991; p = 0.032), respectively. Inception points for resuming anticoagulation therapy occurred on days 2–3 for the Cerebrolysin group and days 4–5 for the control group. In the HTI = 0 cohort, Cerebrolysin was ineffective, with inception points for both groups at the two-day mark.
Conclusion
Cerebrolysin may reduce the risk of HT and allow for a 1-2-day earlier resumption of anticoagulation therapy in patients at high risk of HT. However, its benefit is limited in those with initially low HT risk.
Knowledge mobilisation for translating evidence-based guidelines into practice. Lessons from using the Normalisation Process Theory to understand adherence to guidance on MgSO4 in preterm labour
Authors: Pithara-McKeown Christalla , Stone Tracey , Treloar Emma , Donovan Jenny , Luyt Karen , Redwood Sabi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in preterm labour is an evidence-based intervention recommended by the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to prevent neurological damage to the infant. However, uptake varies across UK maternity units. We used findings from implementation research in England, Scotland and Wales to explore knowledge mobilisation as a mechanism for improving adherence to clinical guidance.
Methods
Data were collected using semi-structured interviews for a process evaluation of the PReCePT (Preventing Cerebral Palsy in Pre-Term Labour) National Programme, the PReCePT cRCT study, and a study investigating MgSO4 guidance implementation in Scotland and Wales. Normalisation Process Theory informed data collection and analysis. Data were analysed using the framework method.
Results
Interviews with 68 strategic and clinical leads and implementers from the three nations suggested that despite evidence being necessary and important for policy decision-making, clinical leadership intervention decisions were motivated by audit data and benchmarking. Implementation success was impaired by degrees of silo working and rigid role boundaries, alongside differences in implementers’ ability to mobilise social-cognitive (e.g. commitment by maternity, neonatal and obstetric teams), and social-structural resources such as staff capacity, articulated workflows, and culture.
Cross-organisational, diverse and collaborative communities of practice (CoPs) rooted in distributed leadership created a nexus between national and regional leadership, patient group representatives, implementers i.e. clinical leads and champions, and perinatal clinical teams. They provided a platform for CoP participants to build relationships and share knowledge, and together negotiate meaning, co-design implementation plans, share operational enablers such as strategies and products, and assess progress. Where training opportunities were provided alongside mentoring and peer support, CoPs created implementation resource i.e. capacity and capability within the perinatal system. Backfill funding for champions and protected time away from clinical duties were required to enable participation, especially for champions in resource-poor settings.
Conclusions
Opportunities to participate in collaborative, diverse, cross-organisational CoPs where knowledge and innovation can be co-created, shared, and spread across the perinatal ecosystem, can help address disparities in clinical teams’ ability to implement evidence-based interventions. Participation relies on backfill funding for champions, and a system-wide commitment to improvement.
HIV persists in late coronary atheroma and is associated with increased local inflammation and disease progression
Authors: Wanjalla Celestine , Obare Laventa , Bailin Samuel , Zhang Xiuqi , Nthenge Kisyua , Priest Stephen , Liu Qi , Stolze Lindsay , Sheng Quanhu , Gangula Rama , Behrens Madelaine , Jenkins Brenita , Prasad Praveena , Neikirk Kit , Prakash Prem , Hogan Meghan , Zhang Liang , Beasley Heather K. , Shao Jianqiang , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Actkins Kyera V. , Phillips Mark A. , Hubert David , Malone Jordan , Labeb Cassia , Gelbard Alexander , Chaillon Antoine , Mashayekhi Mona , Gabriel Curtis , Temu Tecla M. , Olson Lana M. , Jones Angela , Beeri Karen , Baker Paxton G. , Kawai Kenji , Ghosh Saikat Kumar B. , Guo Laing , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V , Shah Palak , Yang Tzushan , Bick Alexander , Kirabo Annet , Su Yan , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon , Dash Chandravanu , Koethe John , Gianella Sara , McReynolds Melanie R. , Absi Tarek , Hinton Antentor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Chronic inflammation contributes to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV (PLWH). The immune mechanisms driving atherosclerosis progression in PLWH remain unclear. This study conducted comprehensive assessments of medium-sized coronary arteries and aorta from deceased PLWH and controls without HIV using DNA/RNA assays, spatial transcriptomics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Findings revealed more significant inflammation correlated with higher HIV copy numbers in late atheroma of PLWH. Enhanced CXCL12 and decreased ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in CD163+ macrophages were co-localized in coronaries of PLWH, suggesting a reduction in plasma lipoprotein clearance compared to controls. Spatial analyses identified potential therapeutic targets by revealing inflammatory changes in medium-sized arteries and the aorta. We examined the relationship between atherosclerotic phenotypes and inflammatory gene expression in Vanderbilts Biobank to study these findings in a larger clinical cohort. This established a significant association between ABCA1 and CXCL12 gene expressions with atherosclerosis, partly influenced by HIV.
Hydrolyzing NAD to NMN and AMP by SelO is Required for Mitochondria Homeostasis
Authors: Wang Ting , Jia Xiaofan , Zhang Teng , Yang Chenxi , Wu Li , Diao Longfei , Yang Yuting , Wu Jie , Li Yeyi , Jiang Peng , Yu Qiujing , Fu Yuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The regulation of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (mNAD) is crucial for numerous life processes. However, until now, no metabolic reaction responsible for downregulating mNAD has been identified. Through in silico screening of potential NAD-binding proteins, we discovered a previously unrecognized reaction where NAD+ (or NADH) is hydrolyzed to NMN (or NMNH) and AMP in mitochondria. This reaction is catalyzed by the selenoprotein SelO, with Mn2+ serving as an essential cofactor. Selenocysteine 667 on the SelO protein plays a critical role in its NAD-hydrolyzing activity. SelO directly interacts with the mitochondrial trifunctional complex, and inhibits lipid β-oxidation, where NAD+ is required as an essential cofactor. This reaction is enhanced by a gradual increase in pH, which signals heightened mitochondrial catabolism, and it downregulates matrix pH as a negative feedback mechanism to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. The NAD-hydrolyzing activity of SelO and its role in lipid oxidation are conserved across distant species, from mammalian cells to bacteria. Furthermore, SelO has been identified as a direct target of scutellarein, a clinically used agent for various ailments. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism for spatiotemporal NAD regulation, and highlight its physiological significance across both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Research on hot deformation characterization of a new weathering steel through processing map and microstructural observation
Authors: Cheng Jian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Investigations using hot compression tests on a new high-strength weathering steel revealed specific deformation behaviors across different conditions. These tests were performed at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1050°C and at strain rates from 0.01 s⁻¹ to 5 s⁻¹. Results indicated that a decrease in the deformation temperature combined with an increase in strain rate notably enhanced both the maximum stress and strain achieved. Notably, above 900°C and with strain rates below 0.1 s⁻¹, the flow stress of the material reached a steady state at certain strain levels. At a strain rate of 1 s⁻¹, irrespective of the temperature, the steel shows a continuous strain hardening behavior, achieving no stable flow stress state. Notably, when the true strain exceeds 0.8, an unusual increase in flow stress occurs, predominantly due to secondary work hardening effects. The microstructural changes in the deformed samples were examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), which helped elucidate the softening mechanisms inherent in this high-strength steel. Further, processing maps developed from true strains of 0.1 to 0.9, derived from the experimental flow stress data, suggest controlling the strain within 0.2 to 0.4 to minimize instability during hot working.