bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Hospital Wide Inpatient Frailty Screening Pathway in a Model-2 Hospital
Authors: Rochford Shona , Woulfe Cliona , Jennings Emma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Our model-2 hospital is experiencing a higher proportion of frail older adults presenting to our medical assessment unit (MAU) and via direct ward admissions. Frailty increases the risk of co-morbidity, falls and mortality during hospital admission. Screening for frailty a point of admission allows early identification of these patients who are at higher risk of adverse outcomes. Early frailty screening also assists healthcare professionals with multidisciplinary team (MDT) management and treatment plans. Our hospital frailty committee established a frailty screening pathway for all inpatients aged 75 years and older to screen for frailty and minimise the risk of adverse outcomes secondary to frailty.

Methods
A hospital wide consultant chaired frailty committee was established with stakeholders from the MDT. Two separate screening pathways were developed, one for MAU admissions and one for direct ward admissions. A standardised frailty policy and standardised operating procedure (SOP) with algorithm illustration were compiled. Hospital wide education emphasised the development of a bespoke Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) sticker in conjunction with referral pathways to the newly established Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) For The Older Adult. In each pathway CFS-screening is completed for adults ≥75years at first-point of contact using the CFS, a score ≥6 triggers onward referral, CNS for inpatient and public health nurse for MAU discharged patients.

Results
Both pathways are established and used effectively and routinely on a daily basis. Associated educational sessions have emphasised the importance of frailty in our inpatient cohort.

Conclusion
The developed algorithms have been useful for identifying frailty and improving patient care with onward CNS referral. Future audits will assess effectiveness of screening and support advancement of frailty committee objectives via supporting business cases for resourcing.
Outcomes of Dementia Pathway Referrals Post Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment by a Community Specialist Team for Older Persons
Authors: Ryan Siobhan , Wilkinson Elaine , Maher Jennifer , Sayers Karen , King Lorna , Donnellan Christina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Model of Care for Dementia in Ireland (2023) outlines targets and recommendations for a Dementia service. A Dementia pathway was developed from a Community Specialist Team (CST) for Older Persons service to a local Memory Clinic service and this was evaluated with reference to the model of care.

Methods
All adults aged ≥70 years, who received a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) by a CST in 2022, and were referred to a Memory Clinic service, were included. Data including dates of referral and Memory Clinic attendance, age, gender, Clinical Frailty Scale score (CFS) and diagnosis were entered into Excel. These were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
Seventy-nine patients were referred to the Memory Clinic. Twenty-eight (35.5%) attended, with 51 (64.5%) non-attendances. Twenty-seven (34%) cancelled, 13 (16.5%) did not attend, 7 (9%) died before receiving an appointment, and 4 (5%) appointments were deferred at patient request. The mean age of patients referred was 82.39 years (SD=6.876). The male to female ratio of attendees was 1:1.3 and non-attendees was 1:1.9. The median CFS score of both attendees and non-attended was 5 (range 3-7). Eight (21%) of those who did not attend had moved to long term care, representing 10% of total referrals. The median waiting time for attendees was 10.5 months (Range 2-21). Thirteen (46%) patients received a diagnosis of Dementia, 3 (11%) Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 2 (7%) Acquired Brain Injury and 10 (36%) received no memory diagnosis.

Conclusion
This Dementia pathway does not meet target 14 of the Model of Care. The waiting times exceed 6 weeks, resulting in missed opportunities to provide supports. Timely access to the pathway and supports to attend may increase attendance. A dedicated Memory Assessment and Support Service will address this deficit.
How are Brain Health Interventions Implemented in Clinical Settings Internationally? – A Scoping Review
Authors: Connolly Eimear , McFeely Aoife , Kennelly Sean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
It is estimated that 40% of dementia cases worldwide may be linked to potentially modifiable risk-factors. Evidence suggests multidomain interventions targeting a number of these risk factors can help prevent and delay the development of cognitive decline. However, the optimal way to deliver these interventions in clinical practice is less clear. We conducted a scoping review to explore the implementation of brain health interventions in a clinical setting.

Methods
A scoping review methodology was chosen to allow the consideration of publications from sources outside the confines of a systematic review. A search was conducted and applied to four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, PsychInfo. Grey literature in the form of National Dementia Policy Documents were also considered for inclusion. Publications related to the delivery of brain health interventions in a clinical setting available in English were included, while multidomain interventions delivered for research purposes only were excluded. Results were dual-screened, extracted by two independent reviewers, and reported in line with PRISMA-scr guidelines.

Results
Of 3,035 results, 2,109 remained following de-duplication. Fifty full-text records were screened, with 4 citations referring to 2 clinical services included in the review. The first service (Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic (APC), Cornell and Puerto Rico) was established in 2013 while the second (Brain Health Scotland) established a clinical service in 2023. Both accept self-referrals and healthcare provider referrals and are distinct from existing memory clinic service models. Both services offered cognitive testing along with risk factor assessment. A detailed suite of interventions offered to patients in the APC was outlined targeting cardiovascular, lifestyle and nutritional risk factors. The clinical interventions offered in the Brain Health Scotland clinical service were not documented.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the search strategy, there is a paucity of available information on existing, operational brain health intervention clinics, particularly those linked to memory assessment services.
Optimising Care For Nursing Home Residents: Exploring The Potential Of An Emergency Department Avoidance Pathway
Authors: Farrelly Angelina , Davey Naomi , Noonan Claire , Soh Josephine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Nursing home residents (NHRs) often face hospital admissions through the emergency department (ED), leading to complications such as delirium, pressure ulcers, and functional decline. To mitigate these risks, ED avoidance models of care are becoming increasingly popular within healthcare systems. These models advocate for ambulatory pathways that provide access to multidisciplinary teams capable of delivering timely care for patients who do not require hospital admission.

Methods
A retrospective review of clinical data spanning 14 months (February 2023 to April 2024) was conducted, focusing on NHRs admitted to hospital for less than three days. Data were collected from electronic patient records, including age, sex, reason for admission, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Manchester Triage (MT) score at admission, and length of stay in the ED.

Results
325 NHRs were admitted medically during the study period. 18.7% (n=61) had inpatient stays of less than 36 hours. The most common reasons for ED presentation were lower respiratory tract infections, seizures, collapse or falls, and delirium. Of these patients, 51%(n=32) had a NEWS of ≤2, indicating low acuity, while 38% had an MT score of ≤3, suggesting lower urgency. The average patient experience time in the ED was 15.88 hours.

Conclusion
Approximately half of all short stay NHR admissions exhibited low acuity NEWS scores at the time of presentation, indicating the potential for an ambulatory care pathway for over 10% of all our NHR admissions. Implementing an ED avoidance pathway through our Acute Medical Unit could allow many of these patients to receive appropriate care without long periods in the ED, thereby reducing potential complications. These findings highlight opportunities to streamline care pathways and reduce unnecessary hospitalisations for NHRs. Implementing an ED avoidance service tailored to the specific needs of these patients could enhance care efficiency and improve patient outcomes.
A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis Of The Perceptions And Experiences Of Animal Assisted Interventions For People Living With Dementia
Authors: Zhang Dou , Hennessy Marita , Li Qiuxia , Paley Nuala , Paley Gerry , Houghton Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Animal assisted intervention (AAI) is a popular type of non-pharmacological psychosocial intervention, which has a potentially positive effect on physical, psychological, and social functioning for people with dementia. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the experiences and factors of implementing AAI, and its impacts on people with dementia in different contexts. This review aims to synthesise key stakeholders’ experiences and perceptions of AAI for people with dementia in community settings.

Methods
We systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and AgeLine for potentially eligible studies. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise the data from included records. We assessed the methodological limitations using an adaptation of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and used GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) to assess confidence in the review findings. Two Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) contributors were involved to enhance the quality and relevance of the research.

Results
We included 14 reports and developed three analytical themes, incorporating a gardening analogy: planting-connecting with animals, growing-engaging in AAI, and nurturing-making AAI work, with 15 key findings. Our review highlights that positive experiences, growing connections, and potential benefits were perceived within AAI. A multicomponent AAI can provide various sensory inputs, attributing to a rich experience. Flexible and individualised AAI tailoring to people’s needs and preferences is important. Additional training and education for staff are necessary to facilitate the intervention, reduce risks, and nurture connections.

Conclusion
This review describes people’s experiences and perceptions of AAI for people with dementia, and provides recommendations on development and implementation of AAI, with moderate to high confidence in its findings. It is important to consider the factors that influence the implementing AAI identified in this review, to facilitate engagement and long-term impacts in future interventions.
The Effect of Ward Level Noise On Anxiety and Sleep In An Inpatient Population Aged Greater Than 65 Years Old
Authors: Morris Eleanor , Sedgwick Gavin , Davey Naomi , Williams Shianna , McCarthy Philomena , McDonagh Ruth , Ryan Daniel , Collins Rónán 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The term “noise” is derived from the Latin word noxia, meaning “injury”. Excessive noise can negatively affect inpatients, particularly those aged over 65 by increasing stress, disrupting sleep, inducing delirium and prolonging hospital length of stay (LOS). Although the World Health Organization recommends maintaining hospital noise levels between 30-40dB, this is frequently exceeded in inpatient settings.

Methods
This study assessed the impact of ward level noise (WLN) on self-reported anxiety and sleep disturbance among inpatients aged over 65 in two settings: an acute model 4 hospital in an urban area and a rehabilitation ward in a model 2 hospital in a suburban area. Patients were interviewed using a two-part questionnaire, consisting of: (1) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and (2) a four-part structured self-reported questionnaire developed by the authors.

Results
Twenty-eight inpatients were interviewed: 19 from the acute hospital (AH) and 9 from the rehabilitation ward (RW). Patients’ average age was 81 (range: 70-95 years, SD = 6.5), including 15 females. Four had a history of anxiety or depression and seven were on antidepressant or anxiolytic treatment. Average length of stay: 14.1 days in AH versus 52.3 days in RW. In AH 53% (10/19) reported sleep disturbance due to WLN versus 0% in RW (p&lt;0.01). The average HADS anxiety score was higher in AH than in RW (6.6 versus 5.4, p=0.37).

Conclusion
Inpatients in the acute hospital reported more sleep disturbances and trend to higher average HADS scores associated with WLN compared to those in the rehabilitation ward. WLN has the potential to increase anxiety and disrupt sleep in inpatients over the age of 65. Further large-scale research is recommended to explore environmental improvements and noise reduction strategies, such as sound-absorbing materials and designated quiet hours, which could enhance patient care and wellbeing.
Uncovering the physiology and distribution of thallium in Tl-hyperaccumulating and Tl-sensitive populations of Biscutella laevigata L.
Authors: Salinitro Mirko , Isnard Sandrine , Brueckner Dennis , Spiers Kathryn M , Aarts Mark G M , Corzo Remigio Amelia , van der Ent Antony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Thallium (Tl) is extremely toxic to all life forms and is an emerging pollutant. Plants in the Brassicaceae family, including edible crops, have an enhanced capacity for Tl accumulation, even from soils with low thallium concentration. The most extreme Tl hyperaccumulator is Biscutella laevigata, capable of attaining &gt;32 000 μg Tl g−1 dry weight (DW) in its leaves.

Methods
Biscutella laevigata from a non-metallicolous accession (Feltre, Italy) and a metallicolous accession (Les Malines, France) were subjected to a dosing experiment in hydroponics (0, 5 and 30 μm Tl), followed by synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis to elucidate tissue- and cellular-level Tl distribution.

Key Results
Flow cytometric data on the two accessions showed that the Feltre accession has a genome size twice of that of the Les Malines accession (256 and 125 pg per 2C, respectively), suggesting that they are phylogenetically distant populations. The Feltre accession did not accumulate Tl (125 μg Tl g−1 DW on average in leaves) at the 5 µm Tl dose level, whereas the Les Malines accession had a mean of 1750 μg Tl g−1 DW, with peaks of 24 130 μg Tl g−1 DW, at the 30 µm Tl dose level. At 30 µm Tl, the non-metallicolous accession did not grow, and at 5 µm Tl it showed reduced biomass compared with the metallicolous one. In the Les Malines accession, the synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that Tl was localized in the vacuoles of epidermal cells, especially underneath trichomes and in trichome basal cells. Thallium also occurred in solid crystalline deposits (3–5 µm in size, ~40 wt% Tl) that were found mainly in foliar margins and under trichome bases.

Conclusions
Biscutella laevigata is an attractive model for studying Tl hypertolerance and hyperaccumulation on account of the extreme expression of this trait and its marked intraspecific variability.
scEGG: an exogenous gene-guided clustering method for single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Hu Dayu , Guan Renxiang , Liang Ke , Yu Hao , Quan Hao , Zhao Yawei , Liu Xinwang , He Kunlun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the field of single-cell data analysis, particularly in the development of clustering methods. Despite these advancements, most algorithms continue to focus primarily on analyzing the provided single-cell matrix data. However, within medical contexts, single-cell data often encompasses a wealth of exogenous information, such as gene networks. Overlooking this aspect could result in information loss and produce clustering outcomes lacking significant clinical relevance. To address this limitation, we introduce an innovative deep clustering method for single-cell data that leverages exogenous gene information to generate discriminative cell representations. Specifically, an attention-enhanced graph autoencoder has been developed to efficiently capture topological signal patterns among cells. Concurrently, a random walk on an exogenous protein–protein interaction network enabled the acquisition of the gene’s embeddings. Ultimately, the clustering process entailed integrating and reconstructing gene-cell cooperative embeddings, which yielded a discriminative representation. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. This research provides enhanced insights into the characteristics of cells, thus laying the foundation for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The datasets and code can be publicly accessed in the repository at https://github.com/DayuHuu/scEGG.
DeepPBI-KG: a deep learning method for the prediction of phage-bacteria interactions based on key genes
Authors: Wei Tongqing , Lu Chenqi , Du Hanxiao , Yang Qianru , Qi Xin , Liu Yankun , Zhang Yi , Chen Chen , Li Yutong , Tang Yuanhao , Zhang Wen-Hong , Tao Xu , Jiang Ning 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phages, the natural predators of bacteria, were discovered more than 100 years ago. However, increasing antimicrobial resistance rates have revitalized phage research. Methods that are more time-consuming and efficient than wet-laboratory experiments are needed to help screen phages quickly for therapeutic use. Traditional computational methods usually ignore the fact that phage-bacteria interactions are achieved by key genes and proteins. Methods for intraspecific prediction are rare since almost all existing methods consider only interactions at the species and genus levels. Moreover, most strains in existing databases contain only partial genome information because whole-genome information for species is difficult to obtain. Here, we propose a new approach for interaction prediction by constructing new features from key genes and proteins via the application of K-means sampling to select high-quality negative samples for prediction. Finally, we develop DeepPBI-KG, a corresponding prediction tool based on feature selection and a deep neural network. The results show that the average area under the curve for prediction reached 0.93 for each strain, and the overall AUC and area under the precision-recall curve reached 0.89 and 0.92, respectively, on the independent test set; these values are greater than those of other existing prediction tools. The forward and reverse validation results indicate that key genes and key proteins regulate and influence the interaction, which supports the reliability of the model. In addition, intraspecific prediction experiments based on Klebsiella pneumoniae data demonstrate the potential applicability of DeepPBI-KG for intraspecific prediction. In summary, the feature engineering and interaction prediction approaches proposed in this study can effectively improve the robustness and stability of interaction prediction, can achieve high generalizability, and may provide new directions and insights for rapid phage screening for therapy.
RNAelem: an algorithm for discovering sequence-structure motifs in RNA bound by RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Miyake Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Risa Karakida , Kiryu Hisanori 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Motivation
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of RNA. Given their importance, analyzing the specific RNA patterns recognized by RBPs has become a significant research focus in bioinformatics. Deep Neural Networks have enhanced the accuracy of prediction for RBP-binding sites, yet understanding the structural basis of RBP-binding specificity from these models is challenging due to their limited interpretability. To address this, we developed RNAelem, which combines profile context-free grammar and the Turner energy model for RNA secondary structure to predict sequence-structure motifs in RBP-binding regions.

Results
RNAelem exhibited superior detection accuracy compared to existing tools for RNA sequences with structural motifs. Upon applying RNAelem to the eCLIP database, we were not only able to reproduce many known primary sequence motifs in the absence of secondary structures, but also discovered many secondary structural motifs that contained sequence-nonspecific insertion regions. Furthermore, the high interpretability of RNAelem yielded insightful findings such as long-range base-pairing interactions in the binding region of the U2AF protein.

Availability and implementation
The code is available at https://github.com/iyak/RNAelem.
Precise synthesis and assembly of π-conjugated polymers enabled by metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kitao Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The π-conjugated polymers hold considerable promise as key materials in various devices because of their advantageous optical, electronic, and magnetic properties; however, their strong interchain π–π interactions render them insoluble without the introduction of solubilizing substituents, making their synthesis highly challenging. Confined synthesis of π-conjugated polymers inside metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a solution to this challenge by isolating the individual polymer chains, effectively addressing solubility issues and regulating polymerization reactions to yield novel π-conjugated polymers that are otherwise inaccessible. This account reviews recent advances in the synthesis and assembly control of π-conjugated polymers within MOFs to enhance physicochemical properties. Additionally, we explore the nanohybridization of π-conjugated polymers with MOFs, leading to sophisticated architectures with intriguing functionalities.
Moment analysis by affinity capillary electrophoresis for study of reaction kinetics between phenylboronic acid and monoccharides
Authors: Miyabe Kanji , Oya Mio , Imaizumi Moeko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A moment analysis method was applied to study intermolecular interactions between phenylboronic acid and monosaccharides. The values of first absolute and second central moments of elution peaks, measured by affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), were analyzed on the basis of the moment theory to determine those of association equilibrium constant and association and dissociation rate constants of the intermolecular interactions. Their values were fairly in agreement with results reported in previous studies. The moment analysis method using ACE has some advantages in comparison with conventional spectroscopic methods. For example, neither immobilization nor fluorescence labelling of solute and/or ligand molecules is required when ACE data are measured. Because the principles of the method are different from those of ordinary spectroscopic ones, this method contributes to the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions from various perspectives. A comparison was made between intrinsic characteristics of the moment analysis method and those of two historical ones developed by the Whitesides and Krylov groups. Some restrictive features of the moment analysis method were also explained. It is concluded that the moment analysis method using ACE is effective as one experimental method for the analysis of intermolecular interactions.