bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imidazolium‐Based Poly(Ionic Liquid)s Featuring Acetate Counter Anions: Thermally Latent and Recyclable Precursors of Polymer‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for Organocatalysis
Authors: Lambert Romain , Coupillaud Paul , Wirotius Anne‐Laure , Vignolle Joan , Taton Daniel 
Published: March 2016

Statistical copoly(ionic liquid)s (coPILs), namely, poly(styrene)‐co‐poly(4‐vinylbenzylethylimidazolium acetate) are synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization in methanolic solution. These coPILs serve to in situ generate polymer‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), referred to as polyNHCs, due to the noninnocent role of the weakly basic acetate counter‐anion interacting with the proton in C2‐position of pendant imidazolium rings. Formation of polyNHCs is first evidenced through the quantitative formation of NHC‐CS2 units by chemical postmodification of acetate‐containing coPILs, in the presence of CS2 as electrophilic reagent (= stoichiometric functionalization of polyNHCs). The same coPILs are also employed as masked precursors of polyNHCs in organocatalyzed reactions, including a one‐pot two‐step sequential reaction involving benzoin condensation followed by addition of methyl acrylate, cyanosilylation, and transesterification reactions. The catalytic activity can be switched on and off successively upon thermal activation, thanks to the deprotonation/reprotonation equilibrium in C2‐position. NHC species are thus in situ released upon heating at 80 °C (deprotonation), while regeneration of the coPIL precursor occurs at room temperature (reprotonation), triggering its precipitation in tetrahydrofuran. This also allows recycling the coPIL precatalyst by simple filtration, and reusing it for further catalytic cycles. The different organocatalyzed reactions tested can thus be performed with excellent yields after several cycles.
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Novel Dystonia Genes: Clues on Disease Mechanisms and the Complexities of High‐Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Domingo Aloysius , Erro Roberto , Lohmann Katja 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTDystonia is a genetically heterogenous disease and a prototype disorder where next‐generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of new pathogenic genes. This includes the first two genes linked to recessively inherited isolated dystonia, that is, HPCA (hippocalcin) and COL6A3 (collagen VI alpha 3). These genes are proposed to underlie cases of the so‐called DYT2‐like dystonia, while also reiterating two distinct pathways in dystonia pathogenesis. First, deficiency in HPCA function is thought to alter calcium homeostasis, a mechanism that has previously been forwarded for CACNA1A and ANO3. The novel myoclonus‐dystonia genes KCTD17 and CACNA1B also implicate abnormal calcium signaling in dystonia. Second, the phenotype in COL6A3‐loss‐of‐function zebrafish models argues for a neurodevelopmental defect, which has previously been suggested as a possible biological mechanism for THAP1, TOR1A, and TAF1 based on expression data. The newly reported myoclonus‐dystonia gene, RELN, plays also a role in the formation of brain structures. Defects in neurodevelopment likewise seem to be a recurrent scheme underpinning mainly complex dystonias, for example those attributable to biallelic mutations in GCH1, TH, SPR, or to heterozygous TUBB4A mutations. To date, it remains unclear whether dystonia is a common phenotypic outcome of diverse underlying disease mechanisms, or whether the different genetic causes converge in a single pathway. Importantly, the relevance of pathways highlighted by novel dystonia genes identified by high‐throughput sequencing depends on the confirmation of mutation pathogenicity in subsequent genetic and functional studies. However, independent, careful validation of genetic findings lags behind publications of newly identified genes. We conclude with a discussion on the characteristics of true‐positive reports. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Small Molecules for Active Targeting in Cancer
Authors: Kue Chin S. , Kamkaew Anyanee , Burgess Kevin , Kiew Lik V. , Chung Lip Y. , Lee Hong B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor the purpose of this review, active targeting in cancer research encompasses strategies wherein a ligand for a cell surface receptor expressed on tumor cells is used to deliver a cytotoxic or imaging cargo. This area of research is more than two decades old, but in those 20 and more years, how many receptors have been studied extensively? What kinds of the ligands are used for active targeting? Are they mostly naturally occurring molecules such as folic acid, or synthetic substances developed in campaigns for medicinal chemistry efforts? This review outlines the most important receptor or ligand combinations that have been used in active targeting to answer these questions, and therefore to address the most important one of all: is research in active targeting affording diminishing returns, or is this an area for which the potential far exceeds progress made so far?
Computational assessment of feature combinations for pathogenic variant prediction
Authors: König Eva , Rainer Johannes , Domingues Francisco S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several methods have been proposed for predicting the effects of genetic variants and their role in disease, it is still a challenge to identify and prioritize pathogenic variants within sequencing studies.MethodsHere, we compare different variant and gene‐specific features as well as existing methods and investigate their best combination to explore potential performance gains.ResultsWe found that combining the number of “biological process” Gene Ontology annotations of a gene with the methods PON‐P2, and PROVEAN significantly improves prediction of pathogenic variants, outperforming all individual methods. A comprehensive analysis of the Gene Ontology feature suggests that it is not a variant‐dependent annotation bias but reflects the multifunctional nature of disease genes. Furthermore, we identified a set of difficult variants where different prediction methods fail.ConclusionExisting pathogenicity prediction methods can be further improved.
Inflammation related responses of intestinal cells to plum and cabbage digesta with differential carotenoid and polyphenol profiles following simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Kaulmann Anouk , Legay Sylvain , Schneider Yves‐Jacques , Hoffmann Lucien , Bohn Torsten 
Published: March 2016

ScopePlums/cabbages represent fruits/vegetables rich in carotenoids and polyphenols, and have been associated with anti‐inflammatory properties.Methods and resultsWe tested four plum (Italian Plum, Plum 620, Ersinger, and Cherry Plum) and cabbage varieties (Duchy, Kalorama, Kale, Scots Kale) with contrasting carotenoid/polyphenol content for their capability to alter inflammation/oxidative stress following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Digesta were exposed to Caco‐2(TC‐7) and to a triple‐culture(Caco‐2/HT‐29‐MTX (90:10 v/v) including THP‐1 like macrophages), stimulated to induce inflammation (10 μg/mL LPS, 100 ng/mL TNF‐α, 25 ng/mL IL‐1‐β for 24 h, the last 18 h with digesta). Endpoints investigated included IL‐6, IL‐8, PGE‐2, NO (all ELISA), NF‐κB, MAPK, IL‐6, IL‐8, iNOS, Nrf2, COX‐2 (real‐time‐PCR) and Nrf2 (immunostaining). IL‐6 secretion was reduced in THP‐1 cells by Scots Kale and Kalorama (up to 22%, p<0.05), and IL‐8 secretion in the coculture (up to 35% in plums, p<0.05). This was accompanied by decreased NF‐kB expressions in THP‐1 cells (up to 30%, p<0.05). Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus was partly reduced by plums and cabbages (up to 40% (p<0.05).ConclusionsSome varieties, especially in the triple‐culture, reduced inflammation, though this was unrelated to concentrations of carotenoids/polyphenols. The potential of phytochemical‐rich fruits and vegetables to ameliorate gastrointestinal inflammation should be further investigated.
Performance evaluation of legacy QCN for multicast and multiple unicast traffic transmission
Authors: Mliki Hela , Chaari Lamia , Kamoun Lotfi , Cousin Bernard 
Published: March 2016

SummaryA multicast congestion control scheme is an interesting feature to control group communication applications such as teleconferencing tools and information dissemination services. This paper addresses a comparison between multiple unicast and multicast traffic congestion control for Carrier Ethernet. In this work, we proposed to study the quantized congestion notification (QCN), which is a layer 2 congestion control scheme, in the case of multicast traffic and multiple unicast traffic. Indeed, the QCN has recently been standardized as the IEEE 802.1Qau Ethernet Congestion Notification standard. This scheme is evaluated through simulation experiments, which are implemented by the OMNeT++ framework. This paper evaluates the reaction point start time congestion detection, feedback rate, loss rate, stability, fairness and scalability performance of the QCN for multicast traffic transmission and multiple unicast traffic transmission. This paper also draws a parallel between QCN for multicast traffic transmission and that for multiple unicast traffic transmission. Despite the benefit of integrating the multicast traffic, results show that performance could degrade when the network scales up. The evaluation results also show that it is probable that the feedback implosion problem caused by the bottlenecks could be solved if we choose to set the queue parameter Qeq threshold value at a high value, 75% of the queue capacity for instance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New fast divide‐and‐conquer algorithms for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenvalue problem
Authors: Li Shengguo , Liao Xiangke , Liu Jie , Jiang Hao 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn this paper, two accelerated divide‐and‐conquer (ADC) algorithms are proposed for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenvalue problem, which costO(N2r) flops in the worst case, whereNis the dimension of the matrix andris a modest number depending on the distribution of eigenvalues. Both of these algorithms use hierarchically semiseparable (HSS) matrices to approximate some intermediate eigenvector matrices, which are Cauchy‐like matrices and are off‐diagonally low‐rank. The difference of these two versions lies in using different HSS construction algorithms, one (denoted by ADC1) uses a structured low‐rank approximation method and the other (ADC2) uses a randomized HSS construction algorithm. For the ADC2 algorithm, a method is proposed to estimate the off‐diagonal rank. Numerous experiments have been carried out to show their stability and efficiency. These algorithms are implemented in parallel in a shared memory environment, and some parallel implementation details are included. Comparing the ADCs with highly optimized multithreaded libraries such as Intel MKL, we find that ADCs could be more than six times faster for some large matrices with few deflations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational electro‐elasticity and magneto‐elasticity for quasi‐incompressible media immersed in free space
Authors: Pelteret Jean‐Paul , Davydov Denis , McBride Andrew , Vu Duc Khoi , Steinmann Paul 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn this work, a mixed variational formulation to simulate quasi‐incompressible electro‐active or magneto‐active polymers immersed in the surrounding free space is presented. A novel domain decomposition is used to disconnect the primary coupled problem and the arbitrary free‐space mesh update problem. Exploiting this decomposition, we describe a block‐iterative approach to solving the linearised multiphysics problem, and a physically and geometrically based, three‐parameter method to update the free space mesh. Several application‐driven example problems are implemented to demonstrate the robustness of the mixed formulation for both electro‐elastic and magneto‐elastic problems involving both finite deformations and quasi‐incompressible media. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dubins path‐based dynamic soaring trajectory planning and tracking control in a gradient wind field
Authors: Gao Chen , Liu Hugh H. T. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper studies small unmanned aerial vehicle dynamic soaring for conserving onboard energy to extend flight endurance performance. A novel dynamic soaring path planning approach is proposed using the Dubins path. It enjoys a significant improvement in computational efficiency. In addition, a custom‐built trajectory tracking controller is developed for a nonlinear unmanned aerial vehicle dynamics model to verify the implementation of the proposed path planning approach. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design and development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between misreported energy intake and pregnancy in the pregnancy, infection and nutrition study: new insights from a dynamic energy balance model
Authors: Thomas D. M. , Bredlau C. , Islam S. , Armah K. A. , Kunnipparampil J. , Patel K. , Redman L. M. , Misra D. , Salafia C. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveProviding effective dietary counselling so that pregnancy weight gain remains within the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines requires accurate maternal energy intake measures. Current practice is based on self‐reported intake that has been demonstrated unreliable. This study applies an objective calculation of energy intake from a validated mathematical model to identify characteristics of individuals more likely to misreport during pregnancy.MethodsA validated maternal energy balance equation was used to calculate energy intake from gestational weight gain in 1,368 subjects. The difference between self‐reported and model‐predicted energy intake was tested for demographics, economic status, education level and maternal health status.ResultsA weight gain of 15.2 kg resulted in model‐predicted intake during pregnancy of 2,882.97 ±  135.71 kcal day−1, which differed from self‐reported intake of 2,180.5 ± 856.0 kcal day−1. The achieved weight gain exceeded the IOM guidelines; however, the model predicted weight gain from self‐reported energy intake was below IOM guidelines. Higher income (p = 0.004), education (p = 0.003), birth weight (p = 0.017), gestational diabetes (p = 0.008) and pre‐existing diabetes (p < 0.001) were associated with under‐reported energy intake. More children living at home (p = 0.001) were associated with more accurate self‐reported intake.ConclusionsWhen assessing self‐reported energy intake in pregnancy studies, birth weight, gestational diabetes status, pre‐existing diabetes, higher income and education predict higher under‐reporting. Clinicians providing dietary treatment recommendations during pregnancy should be aware that individuals with pre‐existing diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus are more likely to misreport their intake. Additionally, the systems model approach can be applied early in intervention to objectively monitor dietary compliance to treatment recommendations.
Chemically stable polyphenylene ether microcapsules prepared using a facile method for the self‐healing of polymers
Authors: Wu Shenmei , Yuan Li , Zhang Ying , Gu Aijuan , Zhang Yi , Liang Guozheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChemically stable polyphenylene ether (PPO) microcapsules (MCs) filled with epoxy resins (PPO‐EP MCs) were prepared using low‐molecular‐weight PPO with vinyl end‐groups as shell wall and epoxy resins as core material using an oil‐in‐water emulsion solvent evaporation method. This method for synthesizing MCs with PPO shell walls is simple, convenient and novel, which can avoid the influence of processing parameters on the chemical stability of the epoxy resin core material. The resulting PPO‐EP MCs exhibit good chemical stability below 255 °C mainly owing to the absence of a polymerization catalyst of the epoxy resins. The initial thermal decomposition temperature of the MCs is about 275 °C. The MCs were embedded in a 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane/O,O′‐diallylbisphenol A (BMI/BA) thermosetting resin system. When processed at high temperature (up to 220 °C), the microencapsulated epoxy resins could be released from the fractured MCs to matrix crack surfaces and bond the crack surfaces. An amount of 8 wt% MCs restored 91 and 112% of the original fracture toughness of the BMI/BA matrix when heated at 220 °C/2 h and 80 °C/1 h + 220 °C/2 h, respectively. The MCs only slightly decreased the thermal property of the matrix. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Double responsive copolymer hydrogels prepared by frontal polymerization
Authors: Nuvoli Luca , Sanna Davide , Alzari Valeria , Nuvoli Daniele , Sanna Vanna , Malfatti Luca , Mariani Alberto 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTFrontal polymerization was successfully used to synthesize copolymer hydrogels of poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam‐co‐itaconic acid). All materials were characterized by response to stimuli (pH and/or temperature), depending on the itaconic acid content. Namely, relatively low amounts of this latter were found to be crucial for determining the degree of swelling. In particular, hydrogels behave differently if swollen at pH values that are higher or lower of 7–8, and exhibit temperature response as well (lower critical solution temperature at ca. 30 °C), which makes these materials potentially interesting for biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2166–2170
Dextran oxidized by a malaprade reaction shows main chain scission through a maillard reaction triggered by schiff base formation between aldehydes and amines
Authors: Chimpibul Wichchulada , Nagashima Toshio , Hayashi Fumiaki , Nakajima Naoki , Hyon Suong‐Hyu , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough periodate‐oxidized dextran is widely used in biomedical applications, the degradation mechanism of oxidized dextran has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we propose a novel main chain scission mechanism of oxidized dextran triggered by reaction with amine. NMR analysis revealed four hemiacetal substructures during oxidation by periodate. Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation time constant of the C3‐removed substructure and increasing time constant of the reducing end protons are consistent with the decrease in molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromatography. A methylene group is generated at the same time constant of degradation, indicating that oxidized dextran degradation proceeds via a Maillard reaction. Oxidized dextran does not degrade in saline solution without reactive amine species. Thus, we conclude that oxidized dextran is degraded in the main chain via Schiff base formation through a Maillard reaction, depending on the oxidation ratio and amino acid concentration. These findings help to elucidate the reaction mechanism of polysaccharide degradation and develop novel biodegradable polysaccharide materials for biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2254–2260
Reversible shape‐shifting in polymeric materials
Authors: Zhou Jing , Sheiko Sergei S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn recent years, significant progress has been made in polymeric materials, which alter shape upon external stimuli, suggesting potential applications in robotics, biomedical engineering, and optical devices. These stimuli‐responsive materials may be categorized into two classes: (i) shape‐changing materials in which a specific type of shape‐shifting is encoded in the original material structure and (ii) shape‐memory materials, which do not possess any predetermined shape‐shifting as prepared, yet allow programming of complex shape transformations on demand. While shape alterations in shape‐changing materials are intrinsically reversible, shape memory is usually a one‐way transformation from a metastable (programmed) to an equilibrium (original) state. Recently, different principles for both one‐way reversible and two‐way reversible shape memory have been developed. These offer a powerful combination of reversibility and programmability, which significantly expands the range of potential applications. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in reversible shape‐shifting by introducing novel mechanisms, materials, and applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1365–1380
Savoring moderates the association between cancer‐specific physical symptoms and depressive symptoms
Authors: Hou Wai Kai , Lau Kam Man , Ng Sin Man , Cheng Ashley Chi Kin , Shum Tracy Chui Yu , Cheng Sheung‐tak , Cheung Hester Yui Shan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the associations of savoring with cancer‐specific physical symptoms, psychological distress, and psychological well‐being and the moderating effect of savoring in the associations between physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among cancer patients.MethodsA total of 263 Chinese adults recently diagnosed with cancer (mean time since diagnosis = 43.72 days, SD = 38.20) were recruited and administered a questionnaire assessing cancer‐specific physical symptoms, perceived capability of savoring the moment, psychological distress, and psychological well‐being within six months following diagnosis.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed significant associations of savoring with physical symptoms and psychological distress and well‐being (β = −0.41–0.54, p < 0.0001). Savoring significantly moderated the association between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms. Simple slope tests revealed that the association was not significant at higher levels of savoring (estimate = 0.15, z = 0.49, p = 0.62) whereas it was stronger at lower (estimate = 1.11, z = 4.81, p < 0.001) and medium (estimate = 0.63, z = 3.04, p < 0.01) levels of savoring. The effects of demographic and medical covariates were controlled for in all models.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that savoring is positively associated with physical and psychological functioning among people with cancer. The link between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms could be exacerbated at lower levels of savoring. Fostering savoring beliefs and practices could be a significant psychological component of symptom management among cancer patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.