bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography versus Radiography for Suspected Paediatric Physical Abuse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Abdulahad , Mahon Eimear , Moore Niamh , Sweetman Lorna , Maher Michael , O'Regan Patrick , England Andrew , McEntee Mark 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of suspected physical abuse (SPA) remains a continuous challenge to paediatric healthcare. Several studies have reported that computed tomography (CT) may improve the evaluation of SPA.
Objective
This study aims to systematically review the diagnostic performance of CT compared to radiography in investigating SPA.
Materials and methods
Multiple databases were searched, using PRISMA methods, from 2008 to July 2023 for relevant studies in English. Two reviewers independently screened and selected relevant studies using Covidence software. The QUADAS-2 tool was used for the quality assessment of the included papers. Sensitivity, specificity and the effective radiation dose of CT and radiography from the included studies were extracted. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Of the 4057 identified papers, 10 met the inclusion criteria; all 10 included skull and/or chest. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CT were 96.5% (95%CI: 94.9–97.7%) and 99.5% (95%CI: 99.1–99.8%), respectively. Compared to the sensitivity and specificity of radiography, 59.8% (95%CI: 56.2–63.3%) and 99.7% (95%CI: 99.3–99.8%), respectively.
Conclusion
The sensitivity of CT is significantly higher than radiography for non-accidental rib and skull fractures. With modern CT technologies, there is potential for substantial radiation dose optimisation. CT imaging should be further investigated as a viable option when managing SPA cases.
Elemental detection and mapping of rat bone matrix induced by chemoradiotherapy with confocal micro-XRF
Authors: Li Qiuxia , Chen Hongchi , Zhai Ying , Li Fangzuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer is among the most prevalent malignant tumors in women. The administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for breast cancer treatment can lead to amenorrhea and substantial bone loss in women. Consequently, postmenopausal women are susceptible to the morbidity and mortality risks associated with breast cancer and postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the impact of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on osteoporosis in female rats using confocal microbeam X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) method. The female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were categorized into three groups: the control group (G1), the chemotherapy and radiotherapy group (G2), and the radiotherapy-only group (G3). The SD rats were euthanized six weeks post chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and femur slices with a thickness of 1mm were obtained for confocal µ-XRF analysis. The results demonstrate a significant loss of calcium in the G2 and G3 groups, while the G2 group exhibited a substantial increase in Fe content compared to the G1 group. The conclusion can be drawn that the occurrence of osteoporosis is related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while the significant elevation in bone iron content signifies the progression of osteoporosis.
Impact of Diagnosis-Related Groups Reform on Inpatient Service Capacity, Costs, and Efficiency in the Neurology Department: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis from Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu Yaqing , Du Sixian , Yang Chengfeng , Yang Yong , Yang Yiqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background In 2023, an innovative case-based Diagnosis-Related Groups payment method was piloted in an economically underdeveloped city in Southwest China. This study aims to investigate the impact of this payment reform on the service capacity, cost, and efficiency of inpatient services in the Neurology Department of the leading hospital in the county-level medical community.
Methods This study included monthly data from January 2021 to June 2024 for inpatients in the Neurology Department of M Hospital in A City, Yunnan Province. Eleven outcome indicators were analyzed, including total DRGs weight, Case mix index, Average length of stay (days), and Average cost per inpatient stay (RMB). An interrupted time series model with a control group was used to examine the effects of the DRGs payment reform on these outcome indicators.
Results After the implementation of the DRGs reform in January 2023, the total DRGs weight of the Neurology Department increased by 26.81 (95% CI: 0.99 to 52.63, P < 0.05), and the CMI increased by 0.01 relative to other departments in the same hospital (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.17, P < 0.01). In terms of costs, the average length of stay decreased by 0.06 days (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.039, P< 0.01), the average cost per inpatient stay decreased by 45.55 RMB (95% CI: -72.92 to -18.17, P < 0.01), and the average medication cost per inpatient stay decreased by 12.29 RMB (95% CI: -23.50 to -1.08, P < 0.05).
Conclusions This study confirms that DRGs improve the inpatient service capacity of the neurology department and reduce inpatient costs. Given the limited medical resources in economically underdeveloped areas, actively promoting DRGs payment reform is imperative. Health insurance departments should promptly update and adjust DRGs coding schemes to incentivize high-level hospitals to admit patients with complex and difficult-to-treat conditions. Medical institutions should regularly assess the financial status of departments under the DRGs payment method, implement refined management practices, and provide individualized treatment plans that integrate traditional Chinese and Western medicine. This ensures the provision of high-quality, efficient inpatient services while maintaining a certain profit margin.
Report on heart failure in Poland: data from 2014-2021
Authors: Lelonek Małgorzata , Pawlak Agnieszka , Nessler Jadwiga , Bohdan Michał , Hryniewiecki Tomasz , Władysiuk Magdalena , Niesyczyński Grzegorz , Cegłowska Urszula , Hałgas Kacper , Śmiglewska Agata , Wiśniewska Anna , Siniarski Aleksander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) is marked by a poor prognosis, heightened mortality risk, and recurrent hospitalizations. Poland consistently leads among OECD countries with a high hospitalization rate of 616 per 100 000 citizens in 2019, nearly three times the 34-country average.
Aim
This study aims to provide essential insights into managing HF patients in Poland, focusing on those with recurrent hospitalizations, spanning the period from 2014 to 2021.
Methods
Employing observational methods, the study utilizes long-term registry data from the Polish Ministry of Health and the "Health Needs Map." Analyzing a diverse population, data from the National Health Fund encompasses over 1 000 000 patients diagnosed with HF (ICD-10 code: I50) or pulmonary edema (ICD-10 code: J81), predominantly treated through uniform medical services. This study inherently adopts a population-based approach, encompassing all medical facilities treating patients with those ICD-10 codes.
Results
Here we present the data on HF prevalence, incidence, and the healthcare pathway. Diagnosed cases of HF in Poland rose to 1.02 million by December 31, 2019. In 2021, the standardized HF prevalence rate reached 2 626 per 100 000, peaking in individuals aged 80–89 years (32%). HF hospitalizations (HFH) in 2019 were 1022 per 100 000, decreasing to 205 000 in 2021. Notably, hospitalizations surpassed patients receiving treatment by 18–25%, with over 9.2 million healthcare services observed from 2014–2021, constituting 48% of cases.
Conclusions
This study, pertinent to Polish and global cardiologists, provides a comprehensive overview of HF trends and risks, holding potential for refining diagnosis and treatment in Central and Eastern European populations.
EGFR-TKIs or EGFR-TKIs combination treatments for untreated advanced EGFR- mutated NSCLC: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ao , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Lian , Zhuang Han , Xiong Liubo , Gan Xiao , Wang Qian , Tao Guanyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and EGFR-TKI combination treatments have become the standard first-line treatments for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the best option has yet to be determined. This study compares the efficacy and safety of various first-line EGFR-TKI monotherapies and combination treatments for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials databases, and several international conferences to identify randomized controlled trials reporting on first-line EGFR-TKI treatments for patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. The study quality was assessed using the revised tool for risk of bias in randomized trials. The efficacy and safety outcomes of the included treatments were compared by network meta-analysis based on a frequentist approach.
Results:We identified 26 trials (8,359 patients) investigating 14 treatment groups, including first, second, and third-generation EGFR-TKIs and their combination treatments. Osimertinib plus chemotherapy and lazertinib plus amivantamab showed the highest efficacy in improving progression-free survival. New third-generation EGFR-TKIs demonstrated comparable efficacy to osimertinib alone but did not surpass it. Subgroup analyses revealed slight variation in treatment efficacy based on mutation types and patient demographics. Combination treatments were associated with a higher incidence of adverse events.
Conclusion:These results reveal that osimertinib plus chemotherapy and lazertinib plus amivantamab are superior first-line options for patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, these combinations are associated with higher adverse event rates.
27-hydroxycholesterol induces multidrug resistance in estrogen receptor- positive breast cancer cells via elevation of HER2
Authors: Zhou Qian , Wang Mengting , Tang Guomin , Yang Yuling , Fang Yuqi , Miao Yiyang , Hang Yunjie , Zhou Ming , Hu Chunyan , Li Zhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is prone to drug resistance during endocrine therapy and chemotherapy, a complex phenomenon known as multidrug resistance (MDR). 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a main metabolite of cholesterol in the body, is conformed to be is an independent risk factor for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the potential association of 27HC accumulation in vivo with endocrine therapy or chemotherapy resistance remains to be determined. We recently demonstrated that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) upregulation represents a novel mechanism underlying endocrine resistance in breast cancer. The potential role of 27HC in HER2 expression and MDR of breast cancer is currently unknown.
Methods
In this study, human ER-positive breast cancer cell lines with low HER2 expression, T47D and MCF-7, were used to study the effects of exposure to 27HC on MDR in breast cancer in vitro.
Results
Long-term exposure to 27HC clearly induced MDR in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. In terms of the underlying mechanism, 27HC-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoted HER2 expression, which is an important causative factor of MDR. Based on the data, we infer that ROS activate the IL-6/STAT3 pathway through phosphorylation of ERK1/2, enhancing HER2 expression and further promoting a HER2-ERK1/2-STAT3 positive feedback loop, which ultimately leads to the development of MDR.
Conclusion
Our collective data indicate that 27HC interferes with endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in breast cancer, representing a novel mechanism of MDR. Accordingly, we propose that hypercholesterolemia or accumulation of 27HC in the body is a potential health risk for breast cancer patients. Moreover, HER2 may have clinical utility as an intervention target to reduce the occurrence of MDR in patients and ultimately improve the efficacy of endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy.
Genetic Algorithm Based Optimisation Framework for Quantum Circuit Mapping GAQCM
Authors: Lu Kai , Li Hui , Han Zi’Ao , Ju Mingmei , Liu Shujuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Most of the existing qubit mapping algorithms are deterministic, resulting in a lack of diversity in the generated quantum circuit mappings, which makes it difficult to strike a balance between quality and diversity, and prevents them from being flexibly adapted to different quantum computing tasks. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the Genetic Algorithm-based Quantum Circuit Mapping (GAQCM) framework, which is based on the idea of genetic algorithm, evaluates the quality of mapping by the fitness function, and continuously improves the mapping scheme through several iterations. The GAQCM framework is designed to be flexible, providing a variety of choices, crossover operations and several unique mutation methods are designed to improve the performance of the algorithm. The framework also introduces a neighbourhood gate-based initialisation strategy to improve the algorithm efficiency and convergence speed. Experimental results show that the GAQCM framework reduces the number of SWAP gates by an average of 44.6% and 62.0%, and reduces the hardware gate overhead by 13.8% and 14.9% in the t|ket > and Qiskit compilers, respectively, compared to 2QAN. The framework allows users to customise the fitness function and parameter settings according to their specific needs, and is suitable for a variety of quantum computing tasks.
Data cleaning method based on multiple interpolation
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Jiang Xiaomo , Liu Peng , Li Shilong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To ensure the availability and data quality of integrated and fused data, develop data cleaning methods, and achieve real-time processing of missing data values, this research project studies various methods for filling missing data values. By understanding the principles of each method, a multi-method data missing value filling module is developed, and a multiple interpolation missing value method based on random forest method is proposed. Using 500 sample data from a 250MW gas turbine in 2013 for simulation and comparison tests, in order to test the calculation errors of the four filling methods under different missing rates, five rows of sample data were randomly emptied at missing rates of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%. The experimental results compared the mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), running time, and maximum deviation. Compared with traditional regression filling methods, the multiple interpolation method has an accuracy improvement of more than 90% in terms of MAE, MSE, RMSE, running time, and maximum deviation. Due to the complexity of the multiple interpolation algorithm, for 500 sample data, the running processing time is 20s longer. Subsequently, appropriate data cleaning methods can be selected based on actual background conditions.
IL-1β primed mesenchymal stromal cells moderate hemorrhagic shock-induced vascular permeability
Authors: Baudry Nathalie , Campeanu Aurélie , Aussel Clotilde , Doutrelon Caroline , Grosbot Marion , Banzet Sébastien , Vicaut Eric , Peltzer Juliette 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) corresponds to absolute hypovolemia creating an imbalance between oxygen supply and consumption. This causes an impaired hemostasis, a systemic inflammatory response, and microvascular permeability which can lead to multiple organ failure (MOF). There is no specific treatment for the endothelial dysfunction that plays a major role in the evolution towards MOF. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) have been used in clinical trials for their immunomodulation and tissue repair capabilities for many years. Moreover, we previously showed that IL-1β-primed-MSC (MSCp) attenuated HS-induced organ injuries. The objective was to determine whether MSCp could prevent the onset of MOF after HS by preventing endothelial dysfunction.
Methods: We developed a rat model: 90min of HS at a fixed Mean Arterial Pressure of 35mmHg, followed by resuscitation and transfusion. MSCp treatment was administered intravenously at the beginning of the resuscitation. After 6h, plasmatic endothelial markers, vascular permeability (Evans Blue (EB) administration) and renal and hepatic water contents (difference between wet and dry weight), were evaluated. We also evaluated the ability of MSCp to limit the adhesion of leukocytes to an activated endothelium in vitro.
Results: Our results indicate that early administration of MSCp could reduce hepatic vascular leakage associated with a trend to decrease of Syndecan-1, ICAM-1, vWF and VCAM-1. In vitro, these cells are able to decrease leukocyte-endothelial cell bonding. Therefore, we suggest that MSCp are able to prevent endothelial dysfonction that contributes to liver injury.
Research and Development of New Intelligent Foaming and Discharging Agent System
Authors: Shuo Zhao , Meilong Fu , Baofeng Hou , Junbo Zhang , Xudong Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The application of classic foaming agent faces several issues, including excessive use of defoaming agent, inadequate defoaming, pipeline blockage due to silicone oil precipitation, and high development cost of the foaming agent. To address the aforementioned issues, a novel intelligent foaming agent was created. This resulted in the development of a self-defoaming intelligent foaming agent system. The study focused on analyzing key performance indicators of the foaming agent system, including temperature resistance, salt resistance, oil resistance, phase transition temperature point, foaming ability, foam half-life, liquid carrying capacity, and self-defoaming ability. The experimental findings indicate that TS-1 and ESAB exhibit favorable foaming performance and stability under the conditions of 90°C temperature, 20 × 104mg / L salinity, and 40% condensate oil content after a 1:1 mixture. Additionally, they are capable of undergoing phase transition within the temperature range of 12 to 15.2°C. The Waring blender stirring method resulted in the foaming agent solution, which had a concentration of 3g/L, reaching a volume of 487 mL. The foam's half-life was 20 minutes, and the liquid carrying rate was 91.7%. After a duration of 20 minutes, the rate of self-defoaming was 81.6%. The addition of the self-developed synergist facilitated the defoaming process, which was successfully accomplished within a time frame of 10 minutes. Moreover, the self-defoaming rate achieved a remarkable 100%. The foam drainage agent system may autonomously react to variations in ambient temperature and achieve phase transition behavior through temperature stimulation. This is accomplished by utilizing the natural temperature difference between the bottom hole and the wellhead during foam drainage gas recovery operations. This innovation presents a novel concept for the foam drainage agent used in recovering drainage gas. It simplifies the operation of gas recovery in oil and gas wells, reduces the expenses associated with foam drainage in oil wells, and offers a solution for enhancing cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the oil and gas industry. It holds immense theoretical and practical importance.
Electrocardiographic parameters of chemically immobilized giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Mara Aragão Macedo , Mangueira Danyele Karoline Avante , Melchert Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species that is threatened mostly due to anthropogenic pressure. The anteater is a highly specialized insectivore, challenging the species’ ex situ maintenance and conservation efforts. Several dietary-associated health issues have been reported in captive anteaters, including heart conditions such as cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, cardiopathy is mainly diagnosed only on necropsy, and lack of clinical reference is one of the constraints. This work describes electrocardiographic parameters in 9 zoo-kept giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). The giant anteaters were evaluated after chemical immobilization. Surface electrocardiography using a digital electrocardiograph was performed to acquire data on the six frontal plane leads. Four animals were placed in both left and right recumbencies to assess changes in waveforms. Nine anteaters were considered healthy and included in the statistics. The mean heart rate and electrical axis were 37.8 bpm ± 3.45 and 75.6º ± 11.43, respectively. ECG parameters results were P wave duration (ms) 89.7 ± 9.2, P wave amplitude (mV) 0.14 ± 0.05, PR segment duration (ms) 149 ± 23, R wave amplitude (mV) 1.55 ± 0.56, QRS complex duration (ms) 88.6 ± 12.0, QT interval duration (ms) 530.0 ± 71.2, and T wave amplitude (mV) 0.76 ± 0.21. There was no difference between left or right recumbency. Heart parameters of giant anteaters seem to be influenced both by size and metabolic rate when comparing with other species. This is the first description of ECG parameters in giant anteaters.
Biodiversity and soil moisture drive the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to grassland salinization
Authors: Pan Chengchen , Liu Jiliang , Yuan Feng , Yu Xiaoya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Salinization is well known to impair ecosystem functions. Many researchers have focused on the variation in individual ecosystem functions caused by salinization. However, few researchers have considered ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) at above- and belowground biodiversity levels under salinization conditions. In particular, the relationship between multiple ecosystem functions and ground-dwelling arthropod biodiversity with grassland salinization has been rarely explored. Here, we assessed the effects of grassland salinization on soil nutrients, productivity, biodiversity and overall EMF in the Hexi Corridor Region, Gansu Province, China. Both the direct effect of grassland salinization and the indirect effects of plant richness, ground-dwelling arthropod diversity and abiotic factors on EMF were quantified. Our results showed that salinization significantly impaired the EMF of the salinized grasslands. The EMF was significantly and positively related to plant richness, ground-dwelling arthropod taxa richness and soil water content, but not to soil pH. Structural equation modeling revealed that grassland salinization indirectly affects the EMF through soil moisture, plant species and ground-dwelling arthropod taxa richness changes. Plant species richness indirectly influences EMF by controlling ground-dwelling arthropod taxa richness. Overall, biodiversitiy and soil moisture are crucial in mediating the response of EMF to grassland salinization.