bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lost to History? Latin America and the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States
Authors: Perrone Nicolás M. , Schneiderman David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Latin Americans have sought to contribute to international economic law (IEL) since the 19th century, longing to be both the authors and addressees of IEL. As a principal contribution to a new international economic order (NIEO), the 1974 Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States (CERDS) might be considered the last episode in a 100-year-long effort. This chapter reflects on what the present may have looked like had the CERDS taken hold. By tracing the negotiating positions that were embraced by its two principal protagonists, Mexico and the United States, and highlighting some of its change making proposals, this chapter elucidates the ways in which IEL has adopted paths that are resistant to reform. It aims to return to a moment at which claims about the universality of IEL, as defined by a small group of powerful states, were directly opposed by most subjects of international law.
Media Creation and Consumption as Activism Among African Transnational and Diasporic Communities
Authors: Banjo Omotayo O. , Oloruntobi Tomide 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The growing integration of African aesthetics in film, television, and music as well as the global success of Afrobeatz music and the expansion of Nollywood present identity and media scholars with diverse and evolving issues to explore. This chapter examines the ways in which transnational and diaspora identities allow for the creation of such content, which is described as Black fusion. It is argued that the creation of Black fusion content fosters a Black diasporic imagination that is liberatory for Black bodies, African transnationals, their children, and American Blacks from hegemonic scripts of Blackness. Thus, the case is made that the creative agentic work of transnational and diasporic creatives is a form of social activism. Next, the chapter contends that the impact of these creations also empowers Black audiences throughout the world to engage with entertainment in ways media effects scholars are yet to explore—affective investments. Arguably, audiences’ directive energy toward sustaining this transnational flow is a way of resisting reductive racial logics in U.S. media. This offers valuable insights to unpacking ways that audiences respond to creative works.
Factors Affecting Agriculture and Natural Resources Management in Malawi
Authors: Kamoto Judith Francesca Mangani , Fatch Paul Falakeza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines implications of Malawi’s historical shifts in policies and approaches identified in existing literature on agriculture and natural resource management in order to draw lessons for improvements in promoting agricultural productivity and economic growth. Malawi and similar developing countries’ agricultural sectors are affected by the high cost of unsustainable agricultural practices, which induce land degradation, thereby limiting productivity. Malawi has shifted from coercion to institutionalized participation of communities through decentralized structures coupled with provision of incentives to lure farmers to adopt sustainable practices, yet natural resource degradation has continued, amid high population growth and climate variability. Approaches taken have been simplistic, ignoring contexts that require concurrent coercive and persuasive approaches. The chapter suggests improvements in mixing approaches and related policies to promote healthy land under agriculture.
Political Parties
Authors: Kailash K. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolitical parties are central actors in representative democracies, and research on political parties is a key subfield of Indian politics. However, the organizational form that parties take in terms of its structure and relationships between different elements of the party has received little attention. This chapter attempts to explain the remarkable similarity in parties' organizational structure and functioning despite their origins in different times. While the impact of parties on the party system is well-studied, the effect of the party system on political parties has been ignored. The chapter tentatively concludes that the party system may explain the convergence of political parties towards a centralized electoral machine model.
Insurgencies and Political Violence in India
Authors: Staniland Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneity of forms of conflict and the trajectories that violence can take in India is distinctive and important. Political violence in India includes numerous separatist insurgencies, a decades-long Maoist rebellion, armed political parties deeply embedded in mainstream electoral politics, local lynchings and vigilantism, and communal riots that are often linked to broader political trends. This is a remarkably diverse array of violence forms that make strong generalizations impossible. This chapter categorizes the types of violence and the different dynamics they can take on in order to put analytical structure on this complexity. It surveys a wide range of forms of conflict and then considers the role of violence in Indian politics.
Somatization differentiates fibromyalgia from low back pain: a comparative, cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Angst Felix , Geiser Franziska , Benz Thomas , Lehmann Susanne , Sándor Peter S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine whether somatization, depression, anxiety, fatigue, coping dimensions, pain, physical and social function, or sociodemographic characteristics can differentiate fibromyalgia from low back pain in a cross-sectional cohort setting of our Zurzach Interdisciplinary Pain Programme.

Methods
Fibromyalgia and low back pain (not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia) were compared using the Symptom Checklist-90R (SCL-90R) Somatization scale, the Quantification Inventory for Somatoform Syndromes (QUISS) Number of somatoform symptoms and other standardized instruments. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) quantified the score differences, and binomial logistic regression modelling with various covariates differentiated fibromyalgia from low back pain.

Results
The largest differences indicating worse health in fibromyalgia (n = 131) were in somatization (SCL-90R: SMD = −0.971, QUISS: SMD = −0.960), followed by affective health, pain and coping (SMDs between −0.632 and −0.280). Physical and social functioning were comparable in the two conditions (n = 262 low back pain). The two somatization scales both with odds ratios (OR) = 0.966 (P ≤ 0.002) plus female sex (OR = 3.396, P &lt; 0.001) predicted 74.3% of the cases correctly (accuracy) with a positive predictive value of 65.3% and a specificity of 87.0% for fibromyalgia. In the female subsample (n = 280), the model remained stable with an accuracy of 71.9%.

Conclusion
Somatization stood out from all other somatic, psychosocial and coping dimensions and sociodemographics as the one significant specific predictor distinguishing fibromyalgia from low back pain. The fibromyalgia phenotype is characterized by the generalization of painful loci but equally prominently by generalized somatoform symptoms. Assessment of somatization is recommended to ensure accurate identification and understanding of the multifaceted syndrome of fibromyalgia.
The Battle of Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies for Obesity: Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty Versus Endoscopically Inserted Intragastric Balloon—A Pairwise Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies and a Call for Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Diab Abdul-Rahman F. , Sujka Joseph A. , Mattingly Kathleen , Sachdeva Mehak , Hackbarth Kenneth , Docimo Salvatore , DuCoin Christopher G. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) represents the latest primary endoscopic intervention for managing obesity. Both ESG and intragastric balloons (IGBs) have demonstrated effectiveness and safety for weight loss. However, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence supporting the superiority of one over the other, and no pairwise meta-analysis of comparative studies has been published to date. Our aim was to conduct a pairwise meta-analysis of comparative studies directly comparing ESG and IGB.

Methods:
We systematically conducted a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search used specific search terms. The Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4.1 software with a random-effects model. The statistical method used was the Mantel-Haenszel method. For dichotomous data, the effect size was represented using odds ratio (OR), while mean difference (MD) was utilized as the effect size for continuous data.

Results:
After screening 967 records, a total of 9 studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis (5302 patients). The quality assessment categorized 5 studies as having a moderate risk of bias, while 3 studies were classified as having a low risk of bias. Sufficient information was not available for one study to ascertain its overall quality. A statistically significant increase in total weight loss percentage (TWL%) at 1 and 6 months was observed with ESG compared with IGB. In addition, a statistically insignificant decrease in the incidence of adverse events and readmissions was observed with ESG. Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of reintervention was observed with ESG.

Conclusions:
While this study suggests a higher TWL% associated with ESG compared with IGB, drawing definitive conclusions is challenging due to limitations identified during a comprehensive quality assessment of the available literature. We advocate for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) directly comparing the newer IGB (with a 12-mo placement duration) with ESG. However, this study consistently reveals higher rates of early reintervention (re-endoscopy) within the IGB group, primarily necessitated by the removal or adjustment of the IGB due to intolerance. Given the additional intervention required at 6 or 12 months to remove the temporarily placed IGB, this trend may imply that IGB is less economically viable than ESG. Cost-effectiveness analyses comparing ESG and IGB are warranted to provide valuable scientific insights.
Circulating Vesicular-bound HLA-G as Noninvasive Predictive Biomarker of CLAD After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Brugière Olivier , Dreyfuss Dora , Guilet Ronan , Rong Sophie , Hirschi Sandrine , Renaud-Picard Benjamin , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Coiffard Benjamin , Bunel Vincent , Messika Jonathan , Demant Xavier , Le Pavec Jérôme , Dauriat Gaelle , Saint Raymond Christel , Falque Loic , Mornex Jean-Francois , Tissot Adrien , Lair David , Le Borgne Krams Aurelie , Bousseau Veronique , Magnan Antoine , Picard Clément , Roux Antoine , Glorion Matthieu , Carmagnat Maryvonick , Gazeau Florence , Aubertin Kelly , Carosella Edgardo , Vallée Alexandre , Landais Cecile , Rouas-Freiss Nathalie , LeMaoult Joel ,   the COLT Consortium
Published: September 2024

Background.
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising results as noninvasive biomarkers for predicting disease outcomes in solid organ transplantation. Because in situ graft cell expression of the tolerogenic molecule HLA-G is associated with acceptance after lung transplantation (LTx), we hypothesized that plasma EV-bound HLA-G (HLA-GEV) levels could predict chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) development.

Methods.
We analyzed 78 LTx recipients from the Cohort-for-Lung-Transplantation cohort, all in a stable (STA) state within the first year post-LTx. At 3 y, 41 patients remained STA, and 37 had CLAD (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, BOS, [n = 32] or restrictive allograft syndrome [n = 5]). HLA-GEV plasma levels were measured at month 6 (M6) and M12 in 78 patients. CLAD occurrence and graft failure at 3 y post-LTx were assessed according to early HLA-GEV plasma levels.

Results.
In patients with subsequent BOS, (1) HLA-GEV levels at M12 were significantly lower than those in STA patients (P = 0.013) and (2) also significantly lower than their previous levels at M6 (P = 0.04).
A lower incidence of CLAD and BOS and higher graft survival at 3 y were observed in patients with high HLA-GEV plasma levels at M12 (high versus low HLA-GEVs patients [cutoff 21.3 ng/mL]: freedom from CLAD, P = 0.002; freedom from BOS, P < 0.001; and graft survival, P = 0.04, [log-rank]). Furthermore, in multivariate analyses, low HLA-GEV levels at M12 were independently associated with a subsequent risk of CLAD, BOS, and graft failure at 3 y (P = 0.015, P = 0.036, and P = 0.026, respectively [Cox models]).

Conclusions.
This exploratory study suggests the potential of EV-bound HLA-G plasma levels as a liquid biopsy in predicting CLAD/BOS onset and subsequent graft failure.
YTHDF1 Facilitates Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression via Promotion of EEF1G Translation in a m6A-Dependent Manner
Authors: Wang Lihong , Sheng Qihong , Wang Xiaoyu , Yue Hongjuan , Wang Qian , Zhang Mei , Ma Junling , Wu Ling , Zhang Jiaojiao , Cheng Zishuo , Yu Weifang , Liu Ting , Wang Jia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and overall survival rates for LUAD patients remain unimproved. RNA modification is a key process in post-transcriptional gene regulation in epigenetics, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) being a common RNA modification. The molecular mechanisms of LUAD are unclear, but evidence suggests that m6A RNA methylation plays a significant role. This study aimed to clarify the role of YTHDF1 in LUAD development and pathogenesis. These findings confirmed that YTHDF1, a m6A reader protein, is highly expressed in LUAD tissues and is correlated with tumor differentiation and TNM stage. The results of functional loss experiments in LUAD cell lines revealed that downregulating YTHDF1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis, with opposite effects observed upon YTHDF1 upregulation.In vivo, YTHDF1 knockout suppressed LUAD xenograft growth. RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq, and bioinformatics analyses identified EEF1G as a downstream target of YTHDF1 in LUAD, and high expression of EEF1G was confirmed. The interaction between YTHDF1 and EEF1G was validated through RIP-qPCR, Co-IP and Co-IF assays. The overexpression of EEF1G in LUAD cells partially counteracts the tumor suppression induced by YTHDF1 silencing, and the knockdown of EEF1G has the opposite effect, further confirming the regulatory relationship. In summary, this study describes a novel YTHDF1/EEF1G regulatory pathway in which YTHDF1 promotes LUAD progression by recognizing and binding to the m6A-modified mRNA of EEF1G, accelerating its translation, suggesting that YTHDF1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
AyurPhenoClusters define common molecular roots for rare diseases and uncover ciliary dysfunctions in syndromic conditions
Authors: Joshi Aditi , Jangir Deepika , Sharma Ashish , Anand Tanay , Verma Hamendra , Manvi  , Rangani Nupur , Joshi Pallavi , Singh Ravi Pratap , Kumar Sandeep , Girdhar Shipra , Sharma Rakesh , Kumar Abhimanyu , Dey Lipika , Mukerji Mitali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManaging rare genetic diseases with organ centric focus presents a challenge in linking genotypes to phenotypic traits. Ayurveda on the other hand, diagnose diseases with multisystem perspective that are assessed by perturbations along three physiological dimensions viz-kinetic (Vata), metabolic (Pitta) and structural (Kapha) each with distinct phenotypic attributes and molecular correlates. This study explores how rare diseases can be viewed from an Ayurvedic perspective by unifying the medical terminologies from both disciplines through Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). Domain experts categorized 10,610 HPO terms into phenotypic groups based on Ayurvedic principles of Vata (V), Pitta (P), and Kapha (K) and used the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to cluster and analyze 12,678 diseases. This revealed six distinct clusters collectively called “AyurPhenoClusters”. 2814 diseases had unique memberships to single clusters showing enrichment for V/P/K phenotypes. Clusterwise functional annotation revealed the top processes as (i) embryogenesis and skeletal system, morphogenesis; (ii) endocrine and ciliary functions (iii) DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation (iv) inflammation and immune response (v) immune, hemopoiesis, telomere aging (vi) Small molecule metabolism and transport. Most noteworthy, the K predominant cluster was significantly enriched for ciliary genes (43%) followed by a V predominant cluster (16 %). Our study also suggests that many rare diseases especially in the V cluster could be potential ciliopathies. This first of its kind of study provides an innovative framework that can bridge the gap between Ayurveda and modern medicine for improved mechanistic understanding of the rare diseases and pave the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Significance StatementRare diseases, with an estimated global average of affecting 1 in 2500 persons, pose a substantial economic problem with frequent hospitalizations and expensive treatments. This study unifies Ayurvedabased principles with human phenotype ontologies to provide an innovative framework for understanding rare diseases. The study reveals six clusters of rare diseases with shared phenotypes and distinct molecular endophenotypes. Genes of two of the phenotypically distinct clusters converge to networks associated with ciliary dysfunctions highlighting the merit of this approach not only in identifying but endo-phenotyping ciliopathies. This offers new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and drug repurposing and opens the possibility of adopting a system based holistic approach for reducing burden and improving quality of life.
Zika virus NS3 drives the assembly of a viroplasm-like structure
Authors: Sultana Tania , Zheng Chunfeng , Morton Garret , Megraw Timothy L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that caused an epidemic in 2015-2016 in the Americas and raised serious global health concerns due to its association with congenital brain developmental defects in infected pregnancies. Upon infection, ZIKV assembles virus particles in a virus-generated toroidal compartment next to the nucleus called the replication factory, or viroplasm, which forms by remodeling the host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER). How the viral proteins control viroplasm assembly remains unknown. Here we show that the ZIKV non-structural protein 3 (NS3) is sufficient to drive the assembly of a viroplasm-like structure (VLS) in human cells. NS3 encodes a dual-function protease and RNA helicase. The VLS is similar to the ZIKV viroplasm in its assembly near centrosomes at the nuclear periphery, its deformation of the nuclear membrane, its recruitment of ER, Golgi, and dsRNA, and its association with microtubules at its surface. While sufficient to generate a VLS, NS3 is less efficient in several aspects compared to viroplasm formation upon ZIKV infection. We further show that the helicase domain and not the protease domain is required for optimal VLS assembly and dsRNA recruitment. Overall, this work advances our understanding of the mechanism of viroplasm assembly by ZIKV and likely will extend to other flaviviruses.ImportanceThe Zika virus replicates its genome and assembles virus particles in the cytoplasm within the replication organelle, a large virus-induced compartment also called the viroplasm. It does this in part by remodeling the endoplasmic reticulum. However, how the virus directs the host cell to assemble the viroplasm is mostly unknown. This study shows that Zika virus non-structural protein 3 (NS3) is sufficient to assemble a viroplasm-like structures, and indicates that NS3 has a central role in assembling the viroplasm. Understanding how the virus assembles the viroplasm compartment and NS3’s role in it should significantly advance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of virus infection. This study aims to gain more understanding of the Zika virus and its viroplasm along with the molecular mechanisms for viroplasm assembly which might be shared by other viruses.
Supporting decision-making for individuals living with dementia and their care partners with knowledge translation: an umbrella review
Authors: Biard Marie , Detcheverry Flavie E. , Betzner William , Becker Sara , Grewal Karl S. , Azab Sandi , Bloniasz Patrick F. , Mazerolle Erin L. , Phelps Jolene , Smith Eric E. , Badhwar AmanPreet 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLiving with dementia requires decision-making about numerous topics including daily activities, such as advance care planning (ACP). Both individuals living with dementia and care partners require informed support for decision-making. We conducted an umbrella review to assess knowledge translation (KT) interventions supporting decision-making for individuals living with dementia and their informal care partners. Four databases were searched using 50 different search-terms, identifying 22 reviews presenting 32 KT interventions. The most common KT decision topic was ACP (N=21) which includes advanced care directives, feeding options, and placement in long-term care. The majority of KT interventions targeted care partners only (N=16), or both care partners and individuals living with dementia (N=13), with fewer interventions (N=3) targeting individuals living with dementia. Overall, our umbrella review offers insights into the beneficial impacts of KT interventions, such as increased knowledge and confidence, and decreased decisional conflicts.