bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon encapsulated Fe3O4 nanospheres with high electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li‐ion battery
Authors: Xu Jiliang , Zhang Jian , Wang Chang‐An 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTransformation‐type anodes such as Fe3O4 and other transition‐metal oxides are gaining popularity in rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, but the poor cycling performance and low poor Coulombic efficiency seriously influence their practical applications. Herein, we design a facile method to prepare well‐defined yolk‐shell Fe3O4@C nanocomposites, and test the nanocomposites as anode material for Li‐ion battery. Due to the protection of carbon shell and the loose interspace structure, the capacity of this yolk‐shell Fe3O4@C nanocomposites electrode is approximately 860 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 200 mA g−1 charge/discharge current density with 2 mg cm−1 loading. The first Coulombic efficiency is about 73.2% and the average Coulombic efficiency is 99% in the following cycles. The remarkably high specific capacity and excellent cycle performance endow the yolk‐shell Fe3O4@C nanocomposites as a great potential anode for the Li‐ion batteries application.
Psychosis and identity: Alteration or loss?
Authors: Gergel Tania , Iacoponi Eduardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe onset of psychotic disorders often brings major changes to an individual, which, for some, are never fully reversed and remain a dominant force. Despite such changes, the individual still experiences themselves as a continuous person and must find some way to assimilate these shifts into their self‐concept. From a philosophical perspective, the various models of continuing identity all depend upon some notion of fundamental stability, which seems a poor fit for the trajectory associated with psychotic disorders. This article will explore, in more depth, how the transitions that accompany psychotic disorders present a challenge to conventional and philosophical notions of selfhood. If we are not simply to judge psychotic disorders as bringing about a loss of selfhood, we will need an alternative model of identity to use in this context.
ODD LOT ORDER AGGRESSIVENESS AND STEALTH TRADING
Authors: Johnson Hardy , Roseman Brian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigate the degree to which orders are aggressively priced, paying particular attention to odd lot orders, and examine whether odd lot orders are being successfully used in stealth trading strategies. We find that odd lot orders execute at higher frequencies than larger orders, which is due to odd lot orders being aggressively priced. We find that microstructure changes have not altered the nature of price aggressiveness, but its determinants hold different explanatory power for odd lot orders. We find evidence that informed traders are shredding their orders into odd lot orders and stealth trading is permeating odd lot denominations.
Integrating renal nutrition guidelines into daily family life: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Morris A. , Love H. , van Aar Z. , Liles C. , Roskell C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundRenal dietary compliance is challenging for individuals with chronic renal disease. Advice may change depending on renal function and medical treatment. Although patients seek support from family members with these changes, no literature exists with respect to how family members experience the offering of this support. The present study aimed to describe and interpret this lived experience of family members.MethodologyPhenomenological qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 adult family members via telephone (transcribed verbatim). Framework analysis and the qualitative software nvivo, version 10 (QSR International Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia) were used. Participants commented on the themes for accuracy of experience representation.ResultsFour major themes emerged: (i) intrusion of the renal diet; (ii) dealing with the recommendations of a renal diet; (iii) seeking a new identity; and (iv) transition of family dynamics. Perceived conflicting advice intruded into family life. Children in the family resulted in more complex nutritional decisions. Continuing a diet to avoid perceived family and wider social judgement was not an option. Balance between nurturing the family as a whole and the necessity of attending to the specific needs of one individual with renal disease was challenging. Transition to a new identity included family members being drawn to scientifically guided understandings of nutrition and a medicalisation of daily food requirements, which included low prioritisation of children's nutritional needs.ConclusionFamily members who cooked found the integration of renal nutrition guidelines challenging, with children presenting further challenges. The present study highlights the need to offer practical and psychological support to families who are coping with end‐stage renal failure and renal nutritional guidelines.
About the contrast of δ’ precipitates in bulk Al–Cu–Li alloys in reflection mode with a field‐emission scanning electron microscope at low accelerating voltage
Authors: BRODUSCH NICOLAS , VOISARD FRÉDÉRIC , GAUVIN RAYNALD 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCharacterising the impact of lithium additions in the precipitation sequence in Al–Li–Cu alloys is important to control the strengthening of the final material. Since now, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at high beam voltage has been the technique of choice to monitor the size and spatial distribution of δ’ precipitates (Al3Li). Here we report on the imaging of the δ’ phase in such alloys using backscattered electrons (BSE) and low accelerating voltage in a high‐resolution field‐emission scanning electron microscope. By applying low‐energy Ar+ ion milling to the surface after mechanical polishing (MP), the MP‐induced corroded layers were efficiently removed and permitted the δ’s to be visible with a limited impact on the observed microstructure. The resulting BSE contrast between the δ’s and the Al matrix was compared with that obtained using Monte Carlo modelling. The artefacts possibly resulting from the sample preparation procedure were reviewed and discussed and permitted to confirm that these precipitates were effectively the metastable δ’s. The method described in this report necessitates less intensive sample preparation than that required for TEM and provides a much larger field of view and an easily interpretable contrast compared to the transmission techniques.
Genomewide patterns of variation in genetic diversity are shared among populations, species and higher‐order taxa
Authors: Vijay Nagarjun , Weissensteiner Matthias , Burri Reto , Kawakami Takeshi , Ellegren Hans , Wolf Jochen B. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGenomewide screens of genetic variation within and between populations can reveal signatures of selection implicated in adaptation and speciation. Genomic regions with low genetic diversity and elevated differentiation reflective of locally reduced effective population sizes (Ne) are candidates for barrier loci contributing to population divergence. Yet, such candidate genomic regions need not arise as a result of selection promoting adaptation or advancing reproductive isolation. Linked selection unrelated to lineage‐specific adaptation or population divergence can generate comparable signatures. It is challenging to distinguish between these processes, particularly when diverging populations share ancestral genetic variation. In this study, we took a comparative approach using population assemblages from distant clades assessing genomic parallelism of variation in Ne. Utilizing population‐level polymorphism data from 444 resequenced genomes of three avian clades spanning 50 million years of evolution, we tested whether population genetic summary statistics reflecting genomewide variation in Ne would covary among populations within clades, and importantly, also among clades where lineage sorting has been completed. All statistics including population‐scaled recombination rate (ρ), nucleotide diversity (π) and measures of genetic differentiation between populations (FST, PBS, dxy) were significantly correlated across all phylogenetic distances. Moreover, genomic regions with elevated levels of genetic differentiation were associated with inferred pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. The phylogenetic stability of diversity landscapes and stable association with genomic features support a role of linked selection not necessarily associated with adaptation and speciation in shaping patterns of genomewide heterogeneity in genetic diversity.
Serum YKL‐40 is a reliable biomarker for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Bonella Francesco , Long Xiaoping , He Xuan , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Griese Matthias , Guzman Josune , Costabel Ulrich 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by alveolar filling. YKL‐40, a chitinase‐like protein produced by macrophages and epithelial cells, is increased in patients with interstitial lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the role of YKL‐40 as a biomarker for PAP.MethodsA total of 34 patients with autoimmune PAP and 50 healthy controls were studied. YKL‐40 was measured by ELISA in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Chitinase coding gene polymorphisms (CHI3L1−329 and −131) were detected by PCR and pyrosequencing. Correlations between serum YKL‐40 levels and disease outcome were analysed.ResultsBaseline serum and BALF levels of YKL‐40 were higher in PAP patients than in controls (286 ± 27 ng/mL vs 42 ± 4 ng/mL, P < 0.0001; 323 ± 36 ng/mL vs 3 ± 1 ng/mL, P < 0.0001, respectively). Serum YKL‐40 levels correlated with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO
) at baseline (P = 0.002) and over time (P < 0.0001). Patients with disease progression had higher baseline serum YKL‐40 levels than those who remained stable or improved (P < 0.0001). A baseline cut‐off level of 300 ng/mL was predictive of disease progression (HR (hazard ratio): 7.875, P = 0.001). The presence of the G allele was associated with higher serum and BALF levels of YKL‐40.Conclusion
YKL‐40 is elevated in serum and BALF of PAP patients, and may be of clinical utility to predict outcome in PAP.
Intravital investigation of rat mesenteric small artery tone and blood flow
Authors: Nyvad Jakob , Mazur Aleksandra , Postnov Dmitry D. , Straarup Marthe Simonsen , Soendergaard Asger Maare , Staehr Christian , Brøndum Emil , Aalkjaer Christian , Matchkov Vladimir V. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Substantial information on rat mesenteric small artery physiology and pharmacology based on in vitro experiments is available.
Little is known about the relevance of this for artery function in vivo.
We here present an intravital model where rat mesenteric small artery diameters are studied under isolated and controlled conditions in situ with simultaneous measurement of blood flow.
The responses of the isolated arteries vary with the anaesthetic used, and they are quantitatively but not qualitatively different from the responses seen in vitro.
AbstractFunctional characteristics of rat mesenteric small arteries (internal diameter ∼150–200 μm) have been extensively studied in vitro using isometric and isobaric myographs. In vivo, precapillary arterioles (internal diameter < 50 μm) have been studied, but only a few studies have investigated the function of mesenteric small arteries. We here present a novel approach for intravital studies of rat mesenteric small artery segments (∼5 mm long) isolated in a chamber. The agonist‐induced changes in arterial diameter and blood flow were studied using video imaging and laser speckle analysis in rats anaesthetized by isoflurane, pentobarbital, ketamine–xylazine, or by a combination of fentanyl, fluanison and midazolam (rodent mixture). The arteries had spontaneous tone. Noradrenaline added to the chamber constricted the artery in the chamber but not the downstream arteries in the intestinal wall. The constriction was smaller when rats were anaesthetized by rodent mixture in comparison with other anaesthetics, where responses were qualitatively similar to those reported in vitro. The contraction was associated with reduction of blood flow, but no flow reduction was seen in the downstream arteries in the intestinal wall. The magnitude of different endothelium‐dependent relaxation pathways was dependent on the anaesthesia. Vasomotion was present under all forms of anaesthesia with characteristics similar to in vitro. We have established an intravital method for studying the tone and flow in rat mesenteric arteries. The reactivity of the arteries was qualitatively similar to the responses previously obtained under in vitro conditions, but the choice of anaesthetic affects the magnitude of responses.
Intensity enhancement of attosecond XUV pulse by using asymmetric inhomogeneous mid-infrared down-chirped field
Authors: Feng Liqiang , Li Wenliang , Liu Hang 
Published: June 2017

Intensity enhancement of the attosecond pulse generation from the high-order harmonic spectra has been theoretically investigated through solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is found that with the introduction of the down-chirped pulse, the temporal frequency of the down-chirp region is decreased. As a result, the ionized electrons can receive much more energy during its acceleration in this region, showing the extension of the harmonic cutoff. Moreover, due to the multi-harmonic emission events contribute to the higher harmonics, the intensity of the harmonic cutoff from the down-chirped pulse is 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than those from the chirp-free pulse. Further, by properly introducing the asymmetric inhomogeneous effect, the plasmonic enhancement of the laser intensity in the negative direction is larger than that in the positive direction. As a consequence, the ionized electron from the down-chirp region with the negative amplitude can obtain the additional acceleration, thus leading to the further extension of the harmonic cutoff. Especially when the spatial position of the inhomogeneous field is chosen to be the negative value, due to the improved enhancement of the laser intensity, not only the harmonic cutoff is extended but also the harmonic yield is near-stable, showing a 175 eV supercontinuum with the single short quantum path contribution. Finally, by directly superposing the selected harmonics, three attosecond XUV pulses with the full widths at half maximum of 38, 35 and 36 as can be obtained, which are nearly 1.5 orders of magnitude enhancement compared with the chirp-free homogeneous field case.
U-shaped meander-line slow-wave structure with stub-loading
Authors: Bian Xingwang , Miao Min , Li Zhensong , Cui Xiaole 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a U-shaped meander-line slow-wave structure (SWS) with stub-loading is proposed for applications in Ka-band traveling-wave tube (TWT). This new slow-wave structure, loaded with a stub at the center of the U-turn section, has higher interaction impedance and lower phase velocity compared with conventional U-shaped meander-line SWSs, indicating that the devices based on this structure may have a lower operating voltage and higher output power. The dispersion characteristic, interaction impedance, transmission characteristics, and beam-wave interaction are simulated by utilizing simulation tool. The simulation result predicts that the millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube design based on this slow-wave structure is capable of delivering over 200 W with a gain of 33 dB and interaction efficiency 14.5% at the center frequency 34 GHz. This design, more compact and powerful in comparison with those based on more conventional vacuum electronic mechanisms, is demonstrated as a prospective option for integrated millimeter-wave power modules (MMPMs) empowering a broad spectrum of fields, from target detection, to imaging and telecommunications, among others.
CDX2 upregulates SLC26A3 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Chatterjee Ishita , Kumar Anoop , Castilla-Madrigal Rosa María , Pellon-Cardenas Oscar , Gill Ravinder K. , Alrefai Waddah A. , Borthakur Alip , Verzi Michael , Dudeja Pradeep K. 
Published: June 2017

SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)] plays a key role in mammalian intestinal NaCl absorption, in that it mediates apical membrane Cl−/[Formula: see text] exchange. DRA function and expression are significantly decreased in diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. DRA is also considered to be a marker of cellular differentiation and is predominantly expressed in differentiated epithelial cells. Caudal-type homeobox protein-2 (CDX2) is known to regulate genes involved in intestinal epithelial differentiation and proliferation. Reduced expression of both DRA and CDX2 in intestinal inflammation prompted us to study whether the DRA gene is directly regulated by CDX2. Our initial studies utilizing CDX2 knockout (CDX2fV/fV;Cre+) mice showed a marked reduction in DRA mRNA and protein levels in proximal and distal colon. In silico analysis of the DRA promoter showed two consensus sites for CDX2 binding. Therefore, we utilized Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model to examine if DRA is a direct target of CDX2 regulation. siRNA-mediated silencing of CDX2 in Caco-2 cells resulted in a marked (~50%) decrease in DRA mRNA and protein levels, whereas ectopic overexpression of CDX2 upregulated DRA expression and also stimulated DRA promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct binding of CDX2 to one of the two putative CDX2 binding sites in the DRA promoter (+645/+663). In summary, our studies, for the first time, demonstrate transcriptional regulation of DRA expression by CDX2, implying that reduced expression of DRA in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea may, in part, be due to downregulation of CDX2 in the inflamed mucosa. NEW & NOTEWORTHY SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)] mediates intestinal luminal NaCl absorption and is downregulated in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea. Since both DRA and caudal-type homeobox protein-2 (CDX2) are reduced in intestinal inflammation and the DRA promoter harbors CDX2 binding sites, we examined whether the DRA gene is regulated by CDX2. Our studies, for the first time, demonstrate transcriptional regulation of DRA expression by CDX2 via direct binding to the DRA promoter, suggesting that reduced expression of DRA in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea could, in part, be attributed to downregulation of CDX2.
Clinical Management and Tumor Surveillance Recommendations of Inherited Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Childhood
Authors: Tabori Uri , Hansford Jordan R. , Achatz Maria Isabel , Kratz Christian P. , Plon Sharon E. , Frebourg Thierry , Brugières Laurence 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Replication proofreading is crucial to avoid mutation accumulation in dividing cells. In humans, proofreading and replication repair is maintained by the exonuclease domains of DNA polymerases and the mismatch repair system. Individuals harboring germline mutations in genes involved in this process are at increased risk of early cancers from multiple organs. Biallelic mutations in any of the four mismatch repair genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 result in one of the most aggressive childhood cancer predisposition syndromes, termed constitutional mismatch repair deficiency or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMRD). Data gathered in the last decade allow us to better define the clinical manifestations, tumor spectrum, and diagnostic algorithms for CMMRD. In this article, we summarize this information and present a comprehensive consensus surveillance protocol for these individuals. Ongoing research will allow for further definition of replication repair–deficient cancer syndromes, assessing the cost-effectiveness of such surveillance protocols and potential therapeutic interventions for these children and families. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); e32–e37. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.
Cost of high prevalence mental disorders: Findings from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Lee Yu-Chen , Chatterton Mary Lou , Magnus Anne , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Le Long Khanh-Dao , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: June 2017

Objective:The aim of this project was to detail the costs associated with the high prevalence mental disorders (depression, anxiety-related and substance use) in Australia, using community-based, nationally representative survey data.Methods:Respondents diagnosed, within the preceding 12 months, with high prevalence mental disorders using the Confidentialised Unit Record Files of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were analysed. The use of healthcare resources (hospitalisations, consultations and medications), productivity loss, income tax loss and welfare benefits were estimated. Unit costs of healthcare services were obtained from the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Labour participation rates and unemployment rates were determined from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Daily wage rates adjusted by age and sex were obtained from Australian Bureau of Statistics and used to estimate productivity losses. Income tax loss was estimated based on the Australian Taxation Office rates. The average cost of commonly received Government welfare benefits adjusted by age was used to estimate welfare payments. All estimates were expressed in 2013–2014 AUD and presented from multiple perspectives including public sector, individuals, private insurers, health sector and societal.Results:The average annual treatment cost for people seeking treatment was AUD660 (public), AUD195 (individual), AUD1058 (private) and AUD845 from the health sector’s perspective. The total annual healthcare cost was estimated at AUD974m, consisting of AUD700m to the public sector, AUD168m to individuals, and AUD107m to the private sector. The total annual productivity loss attributed to the population with high prevalence mental disorders was estimated at AUD11.8b, coupled with the yearly income tax loss at AUD1.23b and welfare payments at AUD12.9b.Conclusion:The population with high prevalence mental disorders not only incurs substantial cost to the Australian healthcare system but also large economic losses to society.