bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impacts of air pollution on maternal stress during pregnancy
Authors: Lin Yanfen , Zhou Leilei , Xu Jian , Luo Zhongcheng , Kan Haidong , Zhang Jinsong , Yan Chonghuai , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo investigate the association of air pollution with maternal stress during pregnancy, we enrolled 1,931 women during mid-to-late pregnancy in Shanghai in 2010. The “Life-Event Scale for Pregnant Women” and “Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised Scale” (SCL-90-R) were used to evaluate life event stress and emotional stress, respectively. Air pollution data were collected for each district where pregnant women lived during pregnancy. We associated ambient air pollution with stress scores using multivariable logistic regression models. After adjusting for relevant covariates, an interquartile-range (IQR) increase in sulphur-dioxide (SO2) (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52) and particulate-matter with an aerodynamic-diameter <10 μm (PM10) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02–1.34) concentrations on the recruitment day, and in the 5-day moving average concentrations of nitrogen-dioxide (NO2) (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05–1.70) were associated with high Global-Severity-Indices (P75-P100) of the SCL-90-R. These associations were stronger among women bearing high levels (P25-P100) of air pollutants than among women experiencing low levels (P1-P25) of pollutants. The stronger associations and higher levels of pollutants were observed in the cool season than in the warm season. SO2 increases on the recruitment day were also associated with an increased risk of high depression scores (P75-P100). Our findings supported a dose-dependent association between air pollution and emotional stress during pregnancy.
The role of miR-497-5p in myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and pulmonary fibrogenesis
Authors: Chen Xiang , Shi Chaowen , Wang Cong , Liu Weilin , Chu Yanhong , Xiang Zou , Hu Kebin , Dong Ping , Han Xiaodong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal fibrotic lung disease characterized by profound changes in stem cell differentiation, epithelial cell phenotypes and fibroblast proliferation. In our study, we found that miR-497-5p was significantly upregulated both during myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) and in the lung tissues of a pulmonary fibrosis model. In addition, as determined by luciferase assays and Western blot analysis, reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck) was identified to be one of the target genes of miR-497-5p, and Reck could suppress the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp2) and Mmp9, which could activate latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). To test the potential therapeutic significance of this miRNA, we modulated the expression of miR-497-5p in LR-MSCs and relevant animal models. The results demonstrated that upregulation of miR-497-5p could induce LR-MSCs to differentiate into myofibroblasts and promote pulmonary fibrogenesis, while inhibition of its expression could effectively retard these processes. In conclusion, our work supports that controlling pulmonary fibrogenesis via inhibition of miR-497-5p expression may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for IPF.
Battery energy storage for increasing stability and reliability of an isolated Wind Diesel power system
Authors: Sebastián Rafael 
Published: January 2017

Wind–diesel power systems (WDPS) are isolated microgrids which combine diesel generators (DGs) with wind turbine generators (WTGs). The WDPS modelled in this study consists of one 275 kW‐WTG, one 300 kVA‐DG, a 240 V/390.625 Ah Ni–MH battery energy storage system (BESS) and consumer load. The WDPS working modes considered are: Wind Diesel (WD) mode where both the DG and WTG supply power and wind‐only (WO) mode where only the WTG produces active power. First, the dynamic models of the enumerated WDPS components are described. Then, WDPS control requirements in WD and WO modes are studied and a control system to govern the consumed/supplied BESS active power is presented. Finally, the WDPS is simulated and graphs of the system frequency and voltage, active power in each component and the battery current/voltage/state of charge are shown. The simulations cover: the WD mode, where it is shown that the BESS filters the load and WTG power variations and avoids a DG reverse power situation, the WD to WO mode transition where the BESS makes possible a bumpless transition and the WO mode where the BESS regulates the system frequency. Simulations demonstrate that the BESS increases the WDPS stability, reliability and security.
Do guanidinium and tetrapropylammonium ions specifically interact with aromatic amino acid side chains?
Authors: Ding Bei , Mukherjee Debopreeti , Chen Jianxin , Gai Feng 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Ever since the discovery by Franz Hofmeister in 1888 that a series of salts (now commonly referred to as the Hofmeister series) can have different but consistent effects on the solubility and hence stability of proteins, many studies have been devoted to understanding how such effects are achieved. However, examining any specific mode of ion–protein interactions has proven to be difficult. Herein, we demonstrate, using guanidinium and tetrapropylammonium as examples, that it is possible to use multiple spectroscopic methods and unnatural amino acids that have distinct, environment-sensitive fluorescence and infrared properties to explicitly assess how these ions interact with a specific type of amino acid side chains, thus yielding microscopic insights into their protein-denaturing mechanisms.
Mitochondrial activation chemicals synergize with surface receptor PD-1 blockade for T cell-dependent antitumor activity
Authors: Chamoto Kenji , Chowdhury Partha S. , Kumar Alok , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Matsuda Fumihiko , Fagarasan Sidonia , Honjo Tasuku 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Although PD-1 blockade has innovated cancer therapy, a novel combinatorial strategy is required to save less sensitive cancer patients. Mitochondria are key cytoplasmic organelles that efficiently supply the ATP necessary for the rapid proliferation and differentiation of T cells. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) strongly activate mitochondrial function of tumor-reactive T cells and synergize tumor regression by PD-1 blockade. ROS appear to activate both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which subsequently induce the PPAR-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) transcription factor. Small-molecule activators of AMPK and mTOR, or PGC-1α, also synergistically enhance tumor-growth suppression by PD-1 blockade therapy. These findings not only open a new aspect of immune metabolism but also pave a way to developing a combinational strategy of PD-1 cancer immunotherapy.
Elemental sulfur aerosol-forming mechanism
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceThe elemental sulfur aerosols are an important constituent in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Venus. There is now evidence suggesting that these aerosols have also played a role in the evolution of early life on Earth. Traditionally, the photolysis of sulfur gases by UV light is thought to be the main mechanism for the formation of sulfur particles in these atmospheres. But, in the theoretical calculations reported here, we propose a nonphotochemical mechanism for the formation of elemental sulfur aerosols that takes advantage of the interaction between sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide under water or sulfuric acid catalysis. These results provide a chemical framework for understanding the formation mechanism of S0aerosols in planetary atmospheres.
Development of multifunctional foods
Authors: Yamada Koji 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Foods contain various biologically active substances with extent physiological effects. Among them, some substances, such as dietary fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants, exert multiple activities. In addition, combinational uses of some components, such as sesamin and α-tocopherol, enhance their biological effects each other. The expression of multiple effect leads to the production of multifunctional foods which prevent the occurrence of various diseases. Furthermore, synergic effects between biologically active substances allow us to decrease the dose of each component, which lead to the improvement of safety and reduction of production cost of multifunctional foods. To use these active components for human health, studies on their adsorption and transportation are important, since distribution of some components, such as tocotrienols, is limited to some tissues. In addition, extent safety studies are essential to use artificially synthesized substances such as 10t, 12c derivative of conjugated linoleic acid for human health.
The effects of discourses in regional contexts on the development of curriculum‐based literacy standards for adolescents in schooling: a comparative study of South Australia and Ontario
Authors: Fenwick Lisl 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study analyses how discourses in regional contexts affect the development of curriculum‐based literacy standards for adolescents in schooling. A comparative case‐study research design enabled the influences of discourses at the regional level to be analysed. The case studies include the development of curricula to define a minimum literacy standard for the final years of schooling for adolescents in Ontario, Canada, and South Australia, Australia. Critical discourse analysis of key texts associated with the development of literacy standards in each region reveals how globally shared meanings about standard setting for schooling interact with other discourses operating in local contexts to produce curricula that define literacy standards. The results indicate that, while a global discourse about standards‐based reforms may be foregrounded in curriculum, locally generated discourses can challenge key ideas associated with a simplistic discourse about standards. Discourses about literacy in Ontario and South Australia contest the assertion that literacy at the end point of schooling can be defined as a basic competency and local meanings associated with literacy are emphasised within the curriculum for each location. Language choices, involving particularly lexical cohesion, complex noun groups and nominalisation, are used to ensure that local meanings inform literacy standards for the endpoint of schooling.
Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels
Authors: Ozemek Cemal , Whaley Mitchell H. , Finch W. Holmes , Kaminsky Leonard A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere have been many conflicting observations between the linear or curvilinear decline in maximal heart rate (HRmax) with age. The aim of this study was to determine if linear or curvilinear equations would better describe the decline in HRmax with age in individuals of differing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. Treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) results from participants (1510 men and 1134 women; 18–76 years) free of overt cardiovascular disease were retrospectively examined using cross‐sectional and longitudinal study designs. Participants completing ≥2 CPX with ≥1 year between test dates were included in the longitudinal analysis (325 men and 150 women). Linear and quadratic regressions were applied to age and HRmax for the whole cohort and respective CRF groups (high, moderate, and low, relative to age and gender normative values). To test for differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations, the change in R 2 (cross‐sectional analysis) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) (longitudinal analysis) from the linear to the more complex models were calculated. The quadratic or polynomial regression in the cross‐sectional analysis, marginally improved the variance in HRmax explained by age compared to the linear regression for the whole cohort (0.2%), moderate fit group (0.3%), and low fit group (0.8%). With no improvements in the high fit group. BIC did not improve for any CRF category in the longitudinal analysis. In conclusion, the minimal differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations in the respective CRF groups, emphasizes the use of linear prediction equations to estimate HRmax.
Educating Nurses in the United States about Pressure Injuries
Authors: Ayello Elizabeth A. , Zulkowski Karen , Capezuti Elizabeth , Jicman Wendy Harris , Sibbald R. Gary 
Published: January 2017

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide information about the current state of educating nurses about wound care and pressure injuries with recommendations for the future.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:1. Discuss the importance of pressure injury education and wound care for nurses and identify the current state of nursing education on the subject. 2. Identify strategies that can be used to put improved wound care and pressure injury education into practice.

ABSTRACT
Wound care nursing requires knowledge and skill to operationalize clinical guidelines. Recent surveys and studies have revealed gaps in nurses’ knowledge of wound care and pressure injuries and their desire for more education, both in their undergraduate programs and throughout their careers. Data from baccalaureate programs in the United States can pinpoint areas for improvement in nursing curriculum content. Lifelong learning about wound care and pressure injuries starts with undergraduate nursing education but continues through the novice-to-expert Benner categories that are facilitated by continuing professional development. This article introduces a pressure injury competency skills checklist and educational strategies based on Adult Learning principles to support knowledge acquisition (in school) and translation (into clinical settings). The responsibility for lifelong learning is part of every nurse’s professional practice.
Intrauterine Adhesion Prevention After Hysteroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Healy Mae Wu , Schexnayder Brian , Connell Matthew T. , Terry Nancy , DeCherney Alan H. , Csokmay John M. , Yauger Belinda J. , Hill Micah J. 
Published: January 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215:267–275.e7)
Intrauterine adhesions are a significant potential fertility complication after operative hysteroscopy. A number of strategies have been investigated by surgeons in an effort to decrease the occurrence of postsurgical intrauterine adhesions.
Clinical Performance Evaluations of Third-Year Medical Students and Association With Student and Evaluator Gender
Authors: Riese Alison , Rappaport Leah , Alverson Brian , Park Sangshin , Rockney Randal M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Clinical performance evaluations are major components of medical school clerkship grades. But are they sufficiently objective? This study aimed to determine whether student and evaluator gender is associated with assessment of overall clinical performance.

Method
This was a retrospective analysis of 4,272 core clerkship clinical performance evaluations by 829 evaluators of 155 third-year students, within the Alpert Medical School grading database for the 2013–2014 academic year. Overall clinical performance, assessed on a three-point scale (meets expectations, above expectations, exceptional), was extracted from each evaluation, as well as evaluator gender, age, training level, department, student gender and age, and length of observation time. Hierarchical ordinal regression modeling was conducted to account for clustering of evaluations.

Results
Female students were more likely to receive a better grade than males (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.50), and female evaluators awarded lower grades than males (AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.93), adjusting for department, observation time, and student and evaluator age. The interaction between student and evaluator gender was significant (P = .03), with female evaluators assigning higher grades to female students, while male evaluators’ grading did not differ by student gender. Students who spent a short time with evaluators were also more likely to get a lower grade.

Conclusions
A one-year examination of all third-year clerkship clinical performance evaluations at a single institution revealed that male and female evaluators rated male and female students differently, even when accounting for other measured variables.
Interrater Agreement of Manual Palpation for Identification of Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Rathbone Alasdair T.L. , Grosman-Rimon Liza , Kumbhare Dinesh A. 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
To achieve a statistical estimate of the agreement of manual palpation for identification of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and secondarily to investigate potential factors impacting the agreement of this technique.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE(R) and Embase for studies examining the reproducibility of manual palpation for the identification of MTrPs from the year 2007 to present. In addition, we utilized studies identified by 2 comprehensive systematic reviews that covered the period before 2007. The included studies were original peer-reviewed research articles and included Cohen κ measures or data with which to calculate Cohen κ. Studies were excluded if they lacked a measure of variability or information required to calculate variability. Studies that examined palpation through body cavities were also excluded. Of the 18 potentially relevant articles only 6 met inclusion criteria including 363 patients. Modified QUADAS tool was used to assess study validity. Subgroup comparisons were made utilizing Q and Z tests.

Results:
An estimate of κ=0.452 (95% confidence interval, 0.364-0.540) was obtained for interrater agreement of manual palpation of MTrPs. Localized tenderness (κ=0.676) and pain recognition (κ=0.575) were the most reliable criteria. Only 1 study met inclusion criteria for intrarater agreement and therefore no meta-analysis was performed.

Discussion:
Use of manual palpation for identification of MTrPs is unreliable, and future investigation should focus on integration with more reliable techniques.
Timing of Pavlik Harness Initiation: Can We Wait?
Authors: Larson Jill E. , Patel Anay R. , Weatherford Brian , Janicki Joseph A. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip is effectively treated with a Pavlik harness (PH) within the first 6 months of life. Over 80% of unstable hips in the newborn period will naturally stabilize by 2 months of age. If there is no difference in the effectiveness of initiating PH treatment at 1 week compared with 4 weeks of age, waiting may allow the hips to naturally stabilize and avoid treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the timing of PH implementation influences its effectiveness in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted between 2004 and 2010. Patients were included if PH therapy was prescribed for hip instability or dislocation at or before 6 months of age. PH failure was defined as requiring any operative procedure for definitive management. Groups were divided based on the age at which the PH was initiated—group1=<30 days, group 2=30 to 60 days, group 3=>60 days.

Results:
A total of 176 children were included with 38 (21.6%) failing PH treatment. The mean age at PH initiation was 1.3 months (SD=1.3) in the successfully treated children and 1.4 months (SD=1.2) in the failures (P=0.77). There was no difference in the failure rates by age with group 1=19.1% (18/94), group 2=22.5% (9/40), and group 3=26.2% (11/42) (P=0.87). There was no statistical difference with respect to sex or breech positioning in the success or failure groups; however, there was a higher percentage of bilateral involvement in the failure group (P=0.04).

Conclusions:
Patients who had PH initiation before 30 days of age were no more or less likely to fail than when PH was initiated after 30 days of age. Parents can be counseled that waiting until after 30 days of age is appropriate before PH implementation. By avoiding swaddling during this period, the hips may stabilize without treatment and allow for more parental-infant bonding before implementation of PH.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic, case control study.
Relationship of Sleep Duration and Regularity with Dietary Intake Among Preschool-Aged Children with Obesity from Low-Income Families
Authors: Petrov Megan E. , Vander Wyst Kiley B. , Whisner Corrie M. , Jeong Mihyun , Denniston Michaela , Moramarco Michael W. , Gallagher Martina R. , Reifsnider Elizabeth 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Diet is a modifiable factor associated with pediatric obesity outcomes, but few studies have evaluated the relationships of sleep duration and regularity on dietary intake of young preschool-aged children. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether short sleep duration and irregular sleep timing were associated with greater calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumption among young children with obesity from low-income families.

Methods:
Fifty-one ethnically diverse children aged 2 to 4 years were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics in a southeast Texas county. Sleep behaviors were parent reported using the Child Sleep Assessment tool. Dietary intake data were obtained by 24-hour recall interviews (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day).

Results:
Short sleep duration (<11 hr) was highly prevalent among this cohort of preschool-aged children. Short sleep duration was associated with greater fat and decreased carbohydrate consumption. Children with greater variability in sleep duration and timing had greater energy intake from fat and protein sources.

Conclusion:
Allowing for the opportunity to educate parents on the importance of maintaining regular, adequate sleep and relationships between sleep and dietary intake may decrease the risk of childhood obesity in this high-risk pediatric population.
Sandwich Fascial Anterolateral Thigh Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction: Evolution or Revolution?
Authors: Cherubino Mario , Berli Jens , Turri-Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Maggiulli Francesca , Corno Martina , Tamborini Federico , Montrasio Edoardo , Castelnuovo Paolo , Valdatta Luigi 
Published: January 2017

Introduction:The anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALT) represents the workhorse for most reconstructive efforts in the head and neck regions. The main advantages of this flap are its versatility, the length of the pedicle, and the low morbidity of the donor site. The major drawback is the bulkiness of this flap with the frequent need for secondary revisions. To overcome this, we have developed a novel way to harvest and inset the ALT, called the sandwich fascial ALT flap (SALT).Methods:All patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction using the SALT flap from January 2013 to March 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. The SALT flap was harvested as a composite flap including the superficial fascia, the subscarpal fat, and the deep fascia. At the recipient site, the flap was inset with the deep fascia facing out. A split thickness skin graft (± dermal substitute) was used to cover the deep fascia and the pedicle.Results:Eleven patients were included: 8 cases of orbital exenteration, 1 case of forehead reconstruction, and 2 cases of palatal reconstruction after radical maxillectomy. Flap survival was 100%. One patient required an early take back for venous thrombosis. The reconstruction was effective in all cases, allowing a prosthetic rehabilitation when required. Donor-site morbidity was minimal.Conclusions:The reconstruction of head and neck defects with a bulky fasciocutaneous ALT flap might not be the best option in every case. The SALT flap could represent a valid alternative for selected cases, with encouraging functional and cosmetic outcomes.