bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of primary school teachers to school children’s mental health problems in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kerebih Habtamu , Abrha Hailay , Frank Reiner , Abera Mubarek 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:
Teachers perception of child mental health problems and their attitude to school-based mental health services helps in designing early intervention strategies aimed at promoting the service. However, little is known in this regard among primary school teachers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed perceptions and attitude of primary school teachers to child mental health problem and school-based mental health programs in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia in 2013.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was implemented among 568 primary school teachers in Jimma town, from 1 to 30 October 2013. Perceptions and attitude of teachers to children with mental health problems and school mental health related information were assessed using a structured self- administered questionnaire.

Results:
About 40% of teachers recognized the list of psychopathology items presented to them as child mental health problems while 54.4% of them rated child mental health problem as severe. Externalizing behaviors were perceived as the most severe problems. Teaching experience and teaching in public schools were significantly associated with the perception of severe type of child mental health problems. About 95% of teachers acknowledged that school-based mental health programs are important but limited availability was reported.

Conclusion:
Despite the high problem severity ratings, teachers’ perception of the psychopathology as a mental health problem in children was low. There was also a favorable attitude on the importance and the need of school-based child mental health programs. Thus, creating mental health awareness for teachers and establishing school mental health services to intervene in child mental health problem is crucial.
Backward Bifurcation in a Fractional-Order SIRS Epidemic Model with a Nonlinear Incidence Rate
Authors: Yousef A. M. , Salman S. M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:In this work we study a fractional-order susceptible-infective-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) epidemic model with a nonlinear incidence rate. The incidence is assumed to be a convex function with respect to the infective class of a host population. Local and uniform stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium is investigated. The conditions for the existence of endemic equilibria (EE) are given. Local stability of the EE is discussed. Conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the EE are given. Most importantly, conditions ensuring that the system exhibits backward bifurcation are provided. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the correctness of results obtained analytically.
Data-Adaptive Causal Effects and Superefficiency
Authors: Aronow Peter M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Recent approaches in causal inference have proposed estimating average causal effects that are local to some subpopulation, often for reasons of efficiency. These inferential targets are sometimes data-adaptive, in that they are dependent on the empirical distribution of the data. In this short note, we show that if researchers are willing to adapt the inferential target on the basis of efficiency, then extraordinary gains in precision can potentially be obtained. Specifically, when causal effects are heterogeneous, any asymptotically normal and root-

n

$n$

consistent estimator of the population average causal effect is superefficient for a data-adaptive local average causal effect.
No association between ITGAV rs3738919 and rs3768777 polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Iranian population
Authors: Fallah Abbas-Ali , Morovvati Saeid , Ahmadi Kazem , Hossein Alishiri Gholam , Fasihi-Ramandi Mahdi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by angiogenesis, cell proliferation and bone and cartilage damage in the affected joint. Many genetic and environmental factors contribute to RA susceptibility. ITGAV is a member of the integrin family, which plays a major role in bone destruction, angiogenesis and macrophage-dependent inflammation and has been suggested that it may be an RA susceptibility gene. In this study, we investigated association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in ITGAV (rs3738919 and rs3768777) with susceptibility to RA.

Methods:
Iranian patients with confirmed RA, aged over 50 years, were compared with healthy controls for allelic and genotypic frequencies of these polymorphisms. The subjects and controls were matched through their race, age and sex. After whole genome extraction, we compared genotype frequencies of analyzed alleles in RA patients and controls using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Association of rs3738919 and rs3768777 with RA was tested in these two sample sets using the χ2-test.

Results:
Statistical analysis indicated no association between RA and rs3738919 allele frequencies (C and A alleles), single genotype frequencies (AA, AC, CC) and combined genotype frequencies of (AC+CC vs. AA). We also found no evidence of association between rs3768777 SNP allele frequencies, single genotype frequencies and combined genotype frequencies and RA susceptibility.

Conclusions:
This study did not find any association between RA and ITGAV rs3738919 and rs3768777 polymorphisms in Iranian patients. However, this finding is not conclusive due to the limited sample size. A subsequent study with a larger sample size is recommended.
Crystal structure of tripropylammonium 2′-carboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate – [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid (2/1), C60H72N2O12
Authors: Wu Xiangxiang , Zai Yanbing 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C60H72N2O12, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 9.6569(4) Å, b = 10.9361(4) Å, c = 13.8551(6) Å, α = 113.198(3)°, β = 95.632(4)°, γ = 91.114(3)°, V = 1335.72(9) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0512, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1380, T = 150(2) K.
Recent developments in the use of nanoparticles for treatment of biofilms
Authors: Han Chendong , Romero Nicholas , Fischer Stephen , Dookran Julia , Berger Aaron , Doiron Amber L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChronic infections have posed a tremendous burden on health care systems worldwide. Approximately 60% of chronic infections are estimated to be related to biofilms, in large part due to the extraordinary antibiotic resistance of biofilm bacteria. Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapies are viable approaches to treat biofilm-associated infections due to NPs’ unique chemical and physical properties, granted by their high surface area to volume ratio. The mechanism underlying the anti-biofilm activity of various types of NPs is actively under investigation. Simply comparing biofilm disruption or reduction rates is not adequate to describe the effectiveness of NPs; many other factors need to be taken into account, such as the NP type, bacterial strain, concentration of NPs, quantification methods, and the biofilm culture environment. This review focuses on recent research on the creation, characterization, and evaluation of NPs for the prevention or treatment of biofilm infections.
Nanodiscs and solution NMR: preparation, application and challenges
Authors: Puthenveetil Robbins , Nguyen Khiem , Vinogradova Olga 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanodiscs provide an excellent system for the structure-function investigation of membrane proteins. Its direct advantage lies in presenting a water-soluble form of an otherwise hydrophobic molecule, making it amenable to a plethora of solution techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance is one such high-resolution approach that looks at the structure and dynamics of a protein with atomic level precision. Recently, there has been a breakthrough in making nanodiscs more susceptible for structure determination by solution NMR, yet it still remains to become the preferred choice for a membrane mimetic. In this practical review, we provide a general discourse on nanodisc and its application to solution NMR. We also offer potential solutions to remediate the technical challenges associated with nanodisc preparation and the choice of proper experimental set-ups. Along with discussing several structural applications, we demonstrate an alternative use of nanodiscs for functional studies, where we investigated the phosphorylation of a cell surface receptor, integrin. This is the first successful manifestation of observing activated receptor phosphorylation in nanodisc through NMR. We additionally present an on-column method for nanodisc preparation with multiple strategies and discuss the potential use of alternative nanoscale phospholipid bilayer systems like styrene maleic acid lipid disc and saposin-A lipoprotein disc.
Nanodisc characterization by analytical ultracentrifugation
Authors: Inagaki Sayaka , Ghirlando Rodolfo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDue to their unique properties, tunable size, and ability to provide a near native lipid environment, nanodiscs have found widespread use for the structural and functional studies of reconstituted membrane proteins. They have also been developed, albeit in a few applications, for therapeutic and biomedical use. For these studies and applications, it is essential to characterize the nanodisc preparations in terms of their monodispersity, size, and composition, as these can influence the properties of the membrane protein of interest. Of the many biophysical methods utilized for the study and characterization of nanodiscs, we show that analytical ultracentrifugation is able to report on sample homogeneity, shape, size, composition, and membrane protein stoichiometry or oligomerization state in a direct and simple fashion. The method is truly versatile and does not require nanodisc modification or disassembly.
Outcome of severe infections in afebrile neutropenic cancer patients
Authors: Strojnik Ksenija , Mahkovic-Hergouth Ksenija , Novakovic Barbara Jezersek , Seruga Bostjan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
In some neutropenic cancer patients fever may be absent despite microbiologically and/or clinically confirmed infection. We hypothesized that afebrile neutropenic cancer patients with severe infections have worse outcome as compared to cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed all adult cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and severe infection, who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at our cancer center between 2000 and 2011. The outcome of interest was 30-day in-hospital mortality rate. Association between the febrile status and in-hospital mortality rate was evaluated by the Fisher’s exact test.

Results
We identified 69 episodes of severe neutropenic infections in 65 cancer patients. Among these, 9 (13%) episodes were afebrile. Patients with afebrile neutropenic infection presented with hypotension, severe fatigue with inappetence, shaking chills, altered mental state or cough and all of them eventually deteriorated to severe sepsis or septic shock. Overall 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 55.1%. Patients with afebrile neutropenic infection had a trend for a higher 30-day in-hospital mortality rate as compared to patients with febrile neutropenic infection (78% vs. 52%, p = 0.17).

Conclusions
Afebrile cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and severe infections might have worse outcome as compared to cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Patients should be informed that severe neutropenic infection without fever can occasionally occur during cancer treatment with chemotherapy.
The ratio of weight loss to planning target volume significantly impacts setup errors in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing helical tomotherapy with daily megavoltage computed tomography
Authors: Hou Wei-Hsien , Wang Chun-Wei , Tsai Chiao-Ling , Hsu Feng-Ming , Cheng Jason Chia-Hsien 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Changes in head and neck anatomy during radiation therapy (RT) produce setup uncertainties of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) irradiation. We retrospectively analyzed image guidance data to identify clinical predictors of setup errors.

Patients and methods
The data of 217 NPC patients undergoing definitive RT on a helical tomotherapy (HT) unit were analyzed. Factors including tumor stage, body mass index, weight loss, and planning target volume (PTV) were assessed as predictors of daily megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) setup displacements, which were automatically registered using software.

Results
Mean daily setup displacements (in mm) were 1.2 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.8, 3.4 ± 1.4 in the medial-lateral (ML), superior-inferior (SI), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions, respectively. Mean weight loss was 4.6 ± 3.3 kg (6.8 ± 4.9%). Patients with weight loss > 5% had significantly larger setup displacements in the AP (3.6 ± 1.5 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 mm, p < 0.001) and SI (1.6 ± 0.7 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9 mm, p = 0.01) direction, but not in the ML direction (p = 0.279). The AP setup error increased 0.06 mm (y = 0.055x + 2.927, x: percentage of weight loss/PTV, y: AP displacement) per one percent increase in weight loss normalized to PTV.

Conclusions
Patients with weight loss > 5% and smaller PTVs, possibly because of small body frame or neck girth, were more likely to have increased setup errors in the AP direction.
A review of electrocoagulation technology for the treatment of textile wastewater
Authors: Naje Ahmed Samir , Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan , Zakaria Zuriati , Ajeel Mohammed A. , Alaba Peter Adeniyi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe conventional coagulation technique of textile wastewater treatments is plagued with the issue of low removal rate of pollutants and generation of a large quantity of sludge. Recently, electrocoagulation (EC) technique gained immense attention due to its efficiency. The technique involves dissolution of the sacrificial anodes to provide an active metal hydroxide as a strong coagulant that destabilizes and amasses particles and then removes them by precipitation or adsorption. EC process is influenced by operating parameters such as applied current density, electrodes material and configuration, type of electrical connection, pH and conductivity of the solution, and mixing state. Consequently, this work reviewed the major and minor reactions of EC process with operational parameters, design of EC cell, mass transfer studies and modeling, and industrial wastewater applications. The work also includes comparison of EC technique with conventional coagulation and combinations with other techniques. Special emphasis is on removal of pollutants from textile wastewater. Further, the electrical energy supplies and cost analysis are also discussed. Even though several publications have covered EC process recently, no review work has treated the systematic process design and how to minimize the effect of passivation layer deposited on the surface of the electrodes. EC process with rotating electrodes has been recommended to reduce this phenomenon. The effect of electrodes geometry is considered to enhance the conductivity of the cell and reduce energy consumption. The studies of ionic mass transfer were not implemented before special by limiting current method during the EC process. Moreover, no aforementioned studies used computational fluid dynamics modeling to present the mass transfer inside the EC reactor.
Lung function and dust in climbing halls: two pilot studies
Authors: Moshammer Hanns , Shahraki Shifra , Mondel Thomas , Gebhart Patrik 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In climbing halls, high levels of dust are found because magnesia powder is used to dry hands. Concerns have been raised about possible health effects after reports from asthmatics experiencing worsening of symptoms while or after climbing. We investigated acute and sub-acute effects of climbing in dusty halls on lung function in two pilot studies. The first study examined 109 climbers before and after a climbing activity that lasted at least 1 h. In the second study, 25 climbers from different age classes participated in a 2-day climbing competition. Of these, 24 agreed to take part in our investigation, but only 22 provided valid lung function tests on both days. The climbers underwent lung function tests before the first round of the competition (in the morning), after the second round approximately 3 h later and in the morning of the second day before the competition started again. In the first study, we found acute effects, a decline in lung function immediately after the exposure, likely due to protective reflexes of the bronchial muscles and stronger declines in persons with higher exhaled nitric oxide (NO) pre-climbing. In the second study, we also expected sub-acute effects on the next day due to inflammation. On the first day of the competition (second study), dust levels at a central monitor increased over time in a linear manner. Most of the dust was in the size range between 2.5 and 10 μm and dust levels of particulate matter (PM10) reached 0.5 mg/m3. There was a decline in lung function over 24 h in persons with higher exhaled NO levels pre-exposure. All spirometric parameters were affected though the effects were not statistically significant in all cases. Younger age classes started earlier in the morning. Because of the increasing trend in dust levels we expected stronger effects with higher numbers but for the acute effects the reverse was true, possibly because younger climbers use magnesia more or with less experience thus causing higher individual exposure. No differences by age or by time of the first climb were observed for the 24-h lung function change.
Motor als Sensor – Ein modellbasierter Ansatz für die Zustandsüberwachung elektromagnetischer Antriebe
Authors: Nienhaus Matthias , Grasso Emanuele , Kleen Stephan 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Sensorlose Ansteuerverfahren
Strothmann, R.: Device and method for determining the rotational position of a rotor in an electric machine, US Patent 2009/0278485A1, Nov. 12, 2009; Schroedl, M.: Sensorless control of AC machines at low speed and standstill based on the INFORM method, in Proc. 1996 IEEE Conf. IAS, pp. 270–277; Holtz, J.: Developments in Sensorless AC Drive Technology, International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, pp. 9–16, ISBN 0-7803-9296-5, 2005; Thiemann, C., Mantala, C., Hördler, J., Trautmann, A., Groppe, D., Strothmann, R., Zhou, E.: New Sensorless Rotor Position Detection Technique of PMSM Based on Direct Flux Control, Proc. of the 2011 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, pp. 24-29, ISBN 978-1-4244- 9845-1, 2011; Nienhaus, M., Strothmann, R.: Sensorloses Ansteuerverfahren für elektronisch kommutierte Elektromotoren basierend auf der Rotorlageabhängigkeit der Stranginduktivitäten. SPS Drives. Nürnberg, 2014; Grasso, E., Kanapari, E., Nienhaus, M.: Analysis of Direct Flux Observation for field oriented control PMSM. Innovative Klein- und Mikroantriebstechnik (IKMT 2015) & IEEE Xplore, Köln, Germany, September 2015.
für elektromagnetische Antriebe dienen vordringlich der Einsparung komplexitätssteigernder Rotorlagesensoren. Einzelne
Verfahren ermöglichen es, neben der Rotorlagebestimmung auch auf weitere Zustandsgrößen und Parameter des Antriebssystems
zu schließen. Nachfolgend wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das einen Positionierbetrieb vom Motorstillstand bis hin zu
höchsten Drehzahlen unter anderem für bürstenlose Gleichstrommotoren (BLDC-Motoren) und permanenterregte Synchronmaschinen
(PMSM) in Sternschaltung erlaubt. Neben der präzisen Rotorlageerkennung kann dieses Verfahren weitere
Zustandsinformationen zum Antrieb liefern, ohne dass es dafür separater Sensoren bedarf. Der Motor selber wird so zu einem
multifunktionalen Sensor
erweitert.
Cortical function in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Wang Pan , Zhang Huihong , Han Lu , Zhou Yuying 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are the most common causes of dementia; however, their overlapping clinical syndromes and involved brain regions make a differential diagnosis difficult. We aimed to identify the differences in the cognition and motor cortex excitability between AD and bvFTD patients.

Methods
Twenty-seven AD patients and 30 bvFTD patients were included in the study. Each participant received a neurological evaluation. Cognitive event-related potentials (P300) were recorded during an auditory oddball task. Next, the excitability of the motor cortex, including the resting, facilitated motor threshold (RMT and FMT) and cortical silent period (CSP), were assessed during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Results
The bvFTD patients exhibited significantly longer P300 latencies compared with AD patients. There was a significant negative correlation between cognition and P300 latency in the bvFTD group. The AD patients showed significantly reduced RMT and FMT values compared to the bvFTD group; however, no significant correlation was found between AD severity and the excitability of the motor cortex.

Conclusions
Cognition and motor cortical functions are different between AD and bvFTD patients. Noninvasive electrophysiological examinations have the potential to identify unique pathophysiological features that can be used to differentially diagnose AD and bvFTD patients.
More than a mere sequence: predictive processing of wh-dependencies in early bilinguals
Authors: Kljajevic Vanja 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether early bilingual Basque-Spanish speakers, who acquired Spanish by the age of 5, comprehend Spanish wh-dependences as effortlessly as native Spanish speakers. Given that Basque and Spanish are structurally different languages, we hypothesized that predictive processing strategies from the first language (L1) would interfere with predictive processing strategies in the second language (L2). More specifically, since Basque overtly marks the semantic role of agent/subject position, whereas Spanish overtly marks the role of patient/object position, we looked at whether the difference in overt marking of semantic roles would affect comprehension of subject vs. object quien “who” and qué “which” direct and embedded questions as well as subject vs. object relative clauses introduced by qué. The main finding of the study is that overall early Basque-Spanish bilinguals needed more time for the comprehension of wh-dependencies in Spanish compared to native Spanish speakers, as indicated by statistically significant group differences in response times in 9 out of 10 conditions. The results of this exploratory study indicate that a difference in overt marking of semantic roles between the two languages affects the ease of processing of Spanish wh-dependencies in early Basque-Spanish bilinguals, interfering with their ability to make native-like predictions in L2.