bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying welfare science to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Clegg ILK , Van Elk CE , Delfour F 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnimal welfare science is a burgeoning field, but research on cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) is lacking. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are the most well-known and studied cetaceans, particularly in captivity, and thus are used in this review as a model for other cetacean species. Despite the public interest and need for such research, studies specifically investigating dolphin welfare are lacking. This review uses the three broad categories of behaviour, health, and cognition, to discuss how dolphin welfare has been assessed thus far, and could be assessed in future. We present welfare indicators validated in other species that could be applied to dolphins, including innovative measures, such as cognitive appraisal of emotions. We provide a summary of practical recommendations for validating the indicators of bottlenose dolphin welfare. This paper aims to stimulate further research into dolphin welfare which could improve the lives of the animals themselves and ultimately support regulatory decisions. We recommend uniting expertise in cetology and welfare science in order to develop a holistic approach to dolphin welfare assessment.
Purchasing popular purebreds: investigating the influence of breed-type on the pre-purchase motivations and behaviour of dog owners
Authors: Packer RMA , Murphy D , Farnworth MJ 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHow and why dog owners select a specific breed may impact upon the health of the dog they acquire, and upon the wider health of the breed they select. Brachycephalic breeds are rapidly increasing in popularity despite increasing evidence linking brachycephalism with chronic and severe health conditions. This study used a questionnaire to explore pre-, during and post-purchase behaviours and attitudes of dog-owners who own popular brachycephalic dog breeds (n = 3 breeds) compared to popular non-brachycephalic dog breeds (n = 7 breeds). The survey received 1,427 valid responses. Brachycephalic breed owners were younger, more likely to live with children, and to be buying their chosen breed for the first time. The factor that most highly influenced brachycephalic owners’ decisions to buy their breed was appearance, followed by breed size suited to lifestyle, good dog breed for children and good companion breed. Perceived health of the breed was less influential in decision-making for brachycephalic owners compared to non-brachycephalic owners. The way in which owners acquired their dog differed by breed type, with brachycephalic owners more likely to use puppyselling websites to find their dog, less likely to see either parent of their puppy, and less likely to ask to see any health records. Despite many brachycephalic breed health issues being directly related to conformation, appearance remains the most significant determinant in why people desire these breeds. More targeted educational interventions are needed to change buyer attitudes and, if ineffective, other more direct mechanisms (eg legislation) may be required to protect canine welfare.
Évolution de la poésie contemporaine du Manitoba français (1970-1985) : Paul Savoie, J. R. Léveillé et Charles Leblanc
Authors: Gaboury-Diallo Lise 
Published: May 2017

Cet essai propose une étude de l’oeuvre de trois poètes qui ont occupé l’avant-scène littéraire du Manitoba français pendant la « longue décennie » 1970. En publiant leurs premiers recueils de poésie au cours de ces années, Paul Savoie, Joseph Roger Louis (J. R.) Léveillé et Charles Leblanc deviennent les fers de lance d’une littérature franco-canadienne différente et autre. Résolument tournés vers l’avenir, ces trois auteurs optent pour la modernité à une époque où le Manitoba français subit de profondes mutations, tant politiques que socioculturelles.
Court-circuitages dionysiaques de la filiation, stérilisation imaginaire et bébés jetés avec l’eau du bain : malaise dans la contre-culture québécoise
Authors: Bissonnette Thierry 
Published: May 2017

La mouvance contre-culturelle québécoise, en affichant un rejet de la figure paternelle et du passé, fait ressortir certaines apories typiques de la modernité. Cet article examine le difficile rapport à la durée et à la transmission qui caractérise plusieurs oeuvres emblématiques en poésie, en particulier celles de Claude Péloquin et de Lucien Francoeur. Dans ces dernières, on voit se profiler un repli progressif vers la transgression instituée, un déclin du présent créateur vers l’image passée de la création personnelle, ce qui amène ces écrivains à remettre en question leur pratique d’écriture et leur statut, et à ressentir un malaise face à leurs successeurs. Ayant maudit la fonction paternelle, ces poètes éprouvent naturellement de la difficulté à devenir eux-mêmes des pères, à manier le capital symbolique acquis précédemment. Par contraste, on pourrait dégager une éthique de la transmission du refus grâce à laquelle, sans renier la phase d’opposition virulente, il s’agirait de retrouver un sens à la « famille », littéraire autant qu’humaine.
A Corpus-Based Evaluation on Two Different English for Nursing Purposes (ENP) Course Books
Authors: Fairus Nor Mohamad Alif , Nor Puteh Sharifah 
Published: May 2017

It is difficult for most of the second language learners in Malaysia to function proficiently in English language due to limited vocabulary knowledge. It has also been challenging for TESL graduates to fit in as ENP teachers due to the lack of specialized vocabulary knowledge in nursing field. Thus, a course books has always been a highly dependable aid in facilitating the teaching and learning in an ENP classroom. The objective of this research is to identify the possible pedagogical aspects of two ENP commercial course books (Oxford English for Careers Nursing 1” (OEFCN1) written by Tony Grice and “Nursing Your English Second Edition” (NYE) by Siti Salina Salim and Mazura Mastura Muhammad) in socializing learners into their discourse communities. The present research looks at the extent of vocabulary coverage in comparison with General Service List (GSL), Academic Word List (AWL), Nursing Education Word List (NEWL) and the 2,000 most frequent nursing words. These course books were photocopied, scanned and converted into computer text files before they were analyzed using WordSmith 4.0 as it is able to provide elemental knowledge on the vocabulary coverage in both course books. The results indicated that both books showed significant result in terms of their coverage based on the three word lists. On the other hand, it is proven that the 2000 most frequent nursing words wordlist is not able to cover as much tokens as compared to GSL, AWL and NEWL combined.
Self-centeredness and selflessness: happiness correlates and mediating psychological processes
Authors: Dambrun Michael 
Published: May 2017

The main objective of this research was to test central assumptions from the Self-centeredness/Selflessness Happiness Model. According to this model, while self-centered psychological functioning induces fluctuating happiness, authentic–durable happiness results from selflessness. Distinct mediating processes are supposed to account for these relationships: afflictive affects (e.g., anger, fear, jealousy, frustration) in the case of the former, and both emotional stability and feelings of harmony in the case of the latter. We tested these hypotheses in two studies based on heterogeneous samples of citizens (n = 547). Factor analyses revealed that self-centeredness (assessed through egocentrism and materialism) and selflessness (assessed through self-transcendence and connectedness to other) were two distinct psychological constructs. Second, while self-centeredness was positively and significantly related to fluctuating happiness, selflessness was positively and significantly related to authentic–durable happiness. Finally, distinct psychological processes mediated these relationships (study 2). On one hand, the relationship between self-centeredness and fluctuating happiness was fully mediated by afflictive affects. On the other hand, emotional stability and the feeling of being in harmony partially mediated the relation between selflessness and authentic–durable happiness.
Effects of electric field methods on modeling the midlatitude ionospheric electrodynamics and inner magnetosphere dynamics
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Jordanova Vania K. , Ridley Aaron J. , Toth Gabor , Heelis Roderick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report a self‐consistent electric field coupling between the midlatitude ionospheric electrodynamics and inner magnetosphere dynamics represented in a kinetic ring current model. This implementation in the model features another self‐consistency in addition to its already existing self‐consistent magnetic field coupling with plasma. The model is therefore named as Ring current‐Atmosphere interaction Model with Self‐Consistent magnetic (B) and electric (E) fields, or RAM‐SCB‐E. With this new model, we explore, by comparing with previously employed empirical Weimer potential, the impact of using self‐consistent electric fields on the modeling of storm time global electric potential distribution, plasma sheet particle injection, and the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) which heavily rely on the coupled interplay between the inner magnetosphere and midlatitude ionosphere. We find the following phenomena in the self‐consistent model: (1) The spatially localized enhancement of electric field is produced within 2.5 < L < 4 during geomagnetic active time in the dusk‐premidnight sector, with a similar dynamic penetration as found in statistical observations. (2) The electric potential contours show more substantial skewing toward the postmidnight than the Weimer potential, suggesting the resistance on the particles from directly injecting toward the low‐L region. (3) The proton flux indeed indicates that the plasma sheet inner boundary at the dusk‐premidnight sector is located further away from the Earth than in the Weimer potential, and a “tongue” of low‐energy protons extends eastward toward the dawn, leading to the Harang reversal. (4) SAPS are reproduced in the subauroral region, and their magnitude and latitudinal width are in reasonable agreement with data.
Sichuan Basin and beyond: Eastward foreland growth of the Tibetan Plateau from an integration of Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, and Daba Shan
Authors: Yang Zhao , Shen Chuanbo , Ratschbacher Lothar , Enkelmann Eva , Jonckheere Raymond , Wauschkuhn Bastian , Dong Yunpeng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCombining 121 new fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages with published thermochronologic data, we investigate the Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic exhumation/cooling history of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, Daba Shan, and Sichuan Basin of east central China. The Qinling orogen shows terminal southwestward foreland growth in the northern Daba Shan thrust belt at 100–90 Ma and in the southern Daba Shan fold belt at 85–70 Ma. The eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau experienced major exhumation phases at 70–40 Ma (exhumation rate 0.05–0.08 mm/yr), 25–15 Ma (≤1 mm/yr in the Pengguan Massif; ~0.2 mm/yr in the imbricated western Sichuan Basin), and since ~11–10 Ma along the Longmen Shan (~0.80 mm/yr) and the interior of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (Dadu River gorge, Min Shan; ~0.50 mm/yr). The Sichuan Basin records two basin‐wide denudation phases, likely a result of the reorganization of the upper Yangtze River drainage system. The first phase commenced at ~45 Ma and probably ended before the Miocene; >1 km of rocks were eroded from the central and eastern Sichuan Basin. The second phase commenced at ~12 Ma and denudated the central Sichuan Basin, Longmen Shan, and southern Daba Shan; more than 2 km of rocks were eroded after the lower Yangtze River had cut through the Three Gorges and captured the Sichuan Basin drainage. In contrast to the East Qinling, which was weakly effected by late Cenozoic exhumation, the West Qinling and Daba Shan have experienced rapid exhumation/cooling since ~15–13 Ma, a result of growth of the Tibetan Plateau beyond the Sichuan Basin.
High cloud variations with surface temperature from 2002 to 2015: Contributions to atmospheric radiative cooling rate and precipitation changes
Authors: Liu Run , Liou Kuo‐Nan , Su Hui , Gu Yu , Zhao Bin , Jiang Jonathan H. , Liu Shaw Chen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe global mean precipitation is largely constrained by atmospheric radiative cooling rates (Qr), which are sensitive to changes in high cloud fraction. We investigate variations of high cloud fraction with surface temperature (Ts) from July 2002 to June 2015 and compute their radiative effects on Qr using the Fu‐Liou‐Gu plane‐parallel radiation model. We find that the tropical mean (30°S–30°N) high cloud fraction decreases with increasing Ts at a rate of about −1.0 ± 0.34% K−1 from 2002 to 2015, which leads to an enhanced atmospheric cooling around 0.86 W m−2 K−1. On the other hand, the northern midlatitudes (30°N–60°N) high cloud fraction increases with surface warming at a rate of 1.85 ± 0.65% K−1 and the near‐global mean (60°S–60°N) high cloud fraction shows a statistically insignificant decreasing trend with increasing Ts over the analysis period. Dividing high clouds into cirrus, cirrostratus, and deep convective clouds, we find that cirrus cloud fraction increases with surface warming at a rate of 0.32 ± 0.11% K−1 (0.01 ± 0.17% K−1) for the near‐global mean (tropical mean), while cirrostratus and deep convective clouds decrease with surface warming at a rate of −0.02 ± 0.18% K−1 and −0.33 ± 0.18% K−1 for the near‐global mean and −0.64 ± 0.23% K−1 and −0.37 ± 0.13% K−1 for the tropical mean, respectively. High cloud fraction response to feedback to Ts accounts for approximately 1.9 ± 0.7% and 16.0 ± 6.1% of the increase in precipitation per unit surface warming over the period of 2002–2015 for the near‐global mean and the tropical mean, respectively.
Detecting remotely triggered microseismicity around Changbaishan Volcano following nuclear explosions in North Korea and large distant earthquakes around the world
Authors: Liu Guoming , Li Chenyu , Peng Zhigang , Li Xuemei , Wu Jing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe conduct a systematic survey on locally triggered earthquakes by large distant earthquakes in Changbaishan Volcano, an active intraplate volcano on the border between China and North Korea. We examine waveforms of distant earthquakes recorded at broadband station Changbaishan (CBS) near the volcano with estimated dynamic stresses over 5 kPa between 2000 and 2016. Out of 26 selected distant earthquakes, three of them show positive evidence of triggering during large‐amplitude surface waves. The earthquakes that had positive or possible evidences of triggering generated larger long‐period surface waves, indicating that they are more efficient in triggering microseismicity. In addition, since 2006 North Korea has conducted five underground nuclear explosion (UNE) tests only ~140 km away from Changbaishan Volcano. By systematically examining waveforms of these UNEs recorded at station CBS, we find that none of them have triggered microearthquakes in Changbaishan Volcano.
Stream power controls the braiding intensity of submarine channels similarly to rivers
Authors: Lai Steven Y. J. , Hung Samuel S. C. , Foreman Brady Z. , Limaye Ajay B. , Grimaud Jean‐Louis , Paola Chris 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe use physical experiments to investigate the response of submarine braided channels driven by saline density currents to increasing inflow discharge and bed slope. We find that, similarly to braided rivers, only a fraction of submarine braided networks have active sediment transport. We then find similar response to imposed change between submarine and fluvial braided systems: (1) both the active and total braiding intensities increase with increasing discharge and slope; (2) the ratio of active braiding intensity to total braiding intensity is 0.5 in submarine braided systems regardless of discharge and slope; and (3) the active braiding intensity scales linearly with dimensionless stream power. Thus, braided submarine channels and braided rivers are similar in some important aspects of their behavior and responses to changes in stream power and bed slope. In light of the scale independence of braided channel planform organization, these results are likely to apply beyond experimental scales.
Role of the ocean's AMOC in setting the uptake efficiency of transient tracers
Authors: Romanou A. , Marshall J. , Kelley M. , Scott J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe central role played by the ocean's Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the uptake and sequestration of transient tracers is studied in a series of experiments with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Massachusetts Institute of Technology ocean circulation models. Forced by observed atmospheric time series of CFC‐11, both models exhibit realistic distributions in the ocean, with similar surface biases but different response over time. To better understand what controls uptake, we ran idealized forcing experiments in which the AMOC strength varied over a wide range, bracketing the observations. We found that differences in the strength and vertical scale of the AMOC largely accounted for the different rates of CFC‐11 uptake and vertical distribution thereof. A two‐box model enables us to quantify and relate uptake efficiency of passive tracers to AMOC strength and how uptake efficiency decreases in time. We also discuss the relationship between passive tracer and heat uptake efficiency, of which the latter controls the transient climate response to anthropogenic forcing in the North Atlantic. We find that heat uptake efficiency is substantially less (by about a factor of 5) than that for a passive tracer.
Thermoremanence acquisition and demagnetization for titanomagnetite under lithospheric pressures
Authors: Launay Nicolas , Rochette Pierre , Quesnel Yoann , Demory François , Bezaeva Natalia S. , Lattard Dominique 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe geological sources of large‐scale lithospheric magnetic field anomalies are poorly constrained. Understanding the magnetic behavior of rocks and minerals under the pressures and temperatures encountered at large crustal depths is particularly important in that task. The impact of lithospheric pressure is not well known and most of the time neglected in numerical models of the geological sources of magnetic anomalies. We present thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) acquisition and stepwise thermal demagnetization on synthetic titanomagnetite dispersed powder, within an amagnetic cell under hydrostatic pressure up to 1 GPa. TRM is measured after thermal cycling within a cryogenic magnetometer. Pressure‐dependent increase in the Curie temperature (initially in the 50–70°C range) is observed, mostly between 0.3 and 0.6 GPa, on the order of 20 K/GPa. TRM intensity also increases with pressure up to 200% at 675 MPa, although the pressure variation with temperature inside the cell complicates the interpretation.
Atmospheric deposition of glacial iron in the Gulf of Alaska impacted by the position of the Aleutian Low
Authors: Schroth Andrew W. , Crusius John , Gassó Santiago , Moy Christopher M. , Buck Nathan J. , Resing Joseph A. , Campbell Robert W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOur understanding of glacial flour dust storm delivery of iron to the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) is limited. Here we interpret concurrent time series satellite, meteorological, and aerosol geochemical data from the GoA to examine how interannual variability in regional weather patterns impacts offshore aerosol glacial Fe deposition. In 2011, when a northerly Aleutian Low (AL) was persistent during fall, dust emission was suppressed and highly intermittent due to prevalent wet conditions, low winds, and a deep early season snowpack. Conversely, in 2012, frequent and prolonged fall dust storms and high offshore glacial Fe transport were driven by dry conditions and strong offshore winds generated by persistent strong high pressure over the Alaskan interior and Bering Sea and a southerly AL. Twenty‐five‐fold interannual variability in regional offshore glacial aerosol Fe deposition indicates that glacial dust's impact on GoA nutrient budgets is highly dynamic and particularly sensitive to regional climate forcing.
Glacial reduction of the North American Monsoon via surface cooling and atmospheric ventilation
Authors: Bhattacharya Tripti , Tierney Jessica E. , DiNezio Pedro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe North American Monsoon (NAM) provides critical water resources to the U.S. southwest and northwestern Mexico. Despite its importance to regional hydrology, the mechanisms that shape this monsoon are not fully understood. In this paper, we use model simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka B.P.) to assess the sensitivity of the NAM to glacial boundary conditions and shed light on its fundamental dynamics. We find that atmospheric changes induced by ice sheet albedo reduce NAM intensity at the LGM. The high albedo of the Laurentide ice sheet cools the surface and drives anomalous northwesterly winds that reduce the monsoon circulation and import cold, dry air into the core NAM region. Our work emphasizes the role of ice sheet albedo rather than topography in driving the atmospheric changes that modulate the glacial NAM, and ties our understanding of the NAM to broader theories of monsoon systems.
Subsurface intensification of marine heatwaves off southeastern Australia: The role of stratification and local winds
Authors: Schaeffer A. , Roughan M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are becoming more common with record events occurring around the world and unprecedented biological impacts including mass mortality and habitat shifts. However, little is known about the statistical characteristics of MHWs due to the lack of long‐term in situ observations. Using two historical data sets spanning from 1953 (and 1992) to 2016, we use a seasonally varying climatology and temperature anomalies to identify and characterize MHW events down to 100 m depth in coastal waters off southeastern Australia. We show that MHWs regularly extend the full depth of the water column, with a maximum intensity below the surface. Extreme temperatures at depth are driven by local downwelling favorable winds that mix the water column and reduce the stratification. These results show the importance of considering subsurface hydrography and that sea surface temperature is insufficient to fully understand MHWs which are having disastrous ecological consequences in coastal regions globally.
Land‐sea thermal contrast determines the trend of Walker circulation simulated in atmospheric general circulation models
Authors: Yim Bo Young , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Song Hwan‐Jin , Dommenget Dietmar , Sohn B. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStrengthening or weakening of the Walker circulation can highly influence the global weather and climate variability by altering the location and strength of tropical heating. Therefore, there is considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms that lead to the trends in the Walker circulation intensity. Conventional wisdom indicates that a strengthening or weakening of the Walker circulation is primarily controlled by inhomogeneous sea surface temperature (SST) patterns across the tropical Pacific basin. However, we show that Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project climate model simulations with identical SST forcing have different Walker circulation trends that can be linked to differences in land surface temperatures. More prominently, stronger land‐sea thermal contrast leads to increases in the precipitation in South America as well as the sea level pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific through a local circulation, resulting in a strengthening of the Walker circulation trend. This implies that correctly simulating the land temperature in atmospheric models is crucial to simulating the intensity of the Walker circulation in the present climate as well as its future change.