bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic information system analysis of developmentally disabled adult offenders
Authors: Tsagaris George Steve , Seck Mamadou Mansor , Keeler Janet , Rowe Robert 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Adult offenders diagnosed with developmental disabilities have been referred for services to a Northeast Ohio county agency. The purpose of this paper is to examine their repartition in the three areas of the county as determined by zip codes, their involvement with the criminal justice system, types of offenses they committed, their indictment, and the court outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study used a geographic information system (GIS) mapping based on secondary data collected from the 2008 to 2012 American Community Survey and a random sample of 160 participants selected from an agency database including 850 clients.

Findings
– The authors found that the concentrations of offenders in the core city, inner, and outer suburbs of the county were, respectively 71.7, 19.6, and 8.7 percent. The largest racial groups included African Americans (112; 70 percent) and Whites (33; 20.6 percent). Male offenders (155; 96.9 percent) outnumbered female offenders. Of the offenses committed, 42.9 percent were crimes against persons including kidnapping, abduction, assault, followed by crimes against property (22.2 percent), and crimes against society (26.4 percent). As they appeared before Mental Health Court or Non Mental Health Court judges, the court outcome evolved from community control for six months to prison sentence of 120 months.

Research limitations/implications
– These findings will enable agency professionals to look for protective as well as risk factors that are prevalent in each area of this NEO county and make plans for more effective, preventative, and clinical service provision.

Originality/value
– The use of GIS for data analysis represents an innovation in the research field involving adult offenders with developmental disability as it allows professionals to look for protective as well as risk factors that are prevalent in their clients’ immediate environment.
Intellectual disability and substance use/misuse: a narrative review
Authors: Day Christine , Lampraki Alexandra , Ridings Dean , Currell Karen 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the literature on substance use/misuse within an intellectual disability (ID) population. The paper is focused on the prevalence, motivation and implications of substance use as well as the interventions for misuse.Design/methodology/approach– Research focused on substance use and ID (IQ of 70 or less with onset in the developmental period) were considered.Findings– The findings indicate a disparity between research findings regarding the prevalence of substance use/misuse within ID populations. Previous research indicates that individuals with ID may use/misuse substances as a form of relief or respite from negative experiences. Although there is a clear need for intervention, many of the ID population do not engage with generic interventions for substance misuse. Additionally, professionals responsible for the provision of interventions identify a lack of training and support to meet the needs of ID populations.Research limitations/implications– Minimal research in this areas, barriers to language and demographics being underreported.Practical implications– Highlights problems with the current evidence base and barriers this poses indicates a need for further research and intervention.Social implications– Implications for the equality for individuals with an ID and their access to appropriate intervention. Focus on prevention of offending behaviour and intervention as appose to management.Originality/value– In order to build a greater understanding of this issue, a shared universal language and definition of ID must be implemented. Further research to improve the understanding of why those with ID misuse substances is imperative before designing and implementing useful interventions.
Segmenting the collegiate football game spectator: a cluster analysis approach
Authors: Kim Young Hoon , Duncan Jen L. , Jai Tun-Min (Catherine) 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purposes of this paper is to segment spectators of collegiate football game using a cluster analysis and to determine differences between spectator clusters based on motivations, satisfaction, and demographic characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey instrument was utilized, and a total of 407 usable data were gathered through a convenience sampling method at a main campus in the Southern USA. A discriminant analysis was employed to create cluster profiles including demographic variables not previously included in the clustering procedure. Cluster analysis is a procedure used to determine best group segmentation.

Findings
– Through a factor-cluster analysis, two distinct groups are identified as attendees of collegiate football games: far-away fans and seasoned sideliners. Knowing the different spectators in event attendance allows marketers of collegiate sport events to effectively target segments and attract larger numbers of visitors to each event. Although the results indicated lower satisfaction with the far-away fans cluster, they are nonetheless spending their money at these events. A concerted effort to better welcome tourists that are supporting the visiting team may help boost their image of the local community and thus increase their spending level.

Originality/value
– The current study adds to the literature on sport event research, while providing great insight for researchers and practitioners how to segment their target market. Therefore, it is believed that the results of the present study will help future researchers and industry practitioners make use of the implications and findings to broaden their knowledge about sport marketing.
All together now? Exploring sales and marketing integration
Authors: Snyder Kevin , McKelvey Steve , Sutton William 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Building on prior research in interactions between sales and marketing departments, the purpose of this paper is to investigate departmental alignment among professional hockey teams. By using a single industry sample, the authors are able to identify high and low performers, along with structural antecedents that lead to higher alignment (Rouse and Daellenbach, 1999). Expiring inventory, customer knowledge, and volatile demand enhance the need for alignment and suggest opportunities for innovative mechanisms to share information among departments (Mullinet al., 2007).Design/methodology/approach– Through the usage of Kotleret al.’s (2006) survey instrument, the authors survey NHL Vice Presidents of sales and marketing to assess levels of structural alignment. The authors further explores strategies for alignment through qualitative interviews of select team executives.Findings– The authors find examples of high alignment, achieved through structural elements of proximity, cross-functional tasks, financial incentives, and new technologies. The qualitative interviews provide insight into how organizations attempt to create high levels of alignment.Originality/value– These results help advance the literature by identifying high performers and going inside organizations for the source of a competitive advantage, thus following Rouse and Dallenbach’s (1999) approach for theory development. The authors also contributes by identifying strategies for practitioners to apply as they attempt to design optimal work structures.
It’s not just cricket – the portfolios of the English/Welsh cricket teams
Authors: Pritchard Adrian 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the range of products and services offered by the professional cricket teams in the UK. To what extent have they added to their core activity of staging matches?

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study approach was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The accounts of the 18 teams and the governing body were reviewed to analyse the flow of income within the sport and categorize its sources. Interviews were then held with senior commercial staff of 12 of the teams.

Findings
– All of the teams had engaged in brand extensions, offering a category of products/services that were more concerned with facilities utilization. These were not aimed at fans of the teams, as with conventional sporting extensions, but at a different market. Though there was some overlap between customers. The use of alliances and joint ventures was common in the provision of these lines.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is limited to a single sport, with the portfolio being investigated from a management as opposed to a consumer perspective. The findings are likely to be relevant to other sports teams, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, where income from the sport alone is insufficient to maintain professional status.

Originality/value
– This paper adds to the previous research on typologies of brand extensions in sport by incorporating product/service lines that were aimed at resource utilization and different markets.
Iterative problem solving in teams: insights from an agent-based simulation
Authors: Martynov Aleksey , Abdelzaher Dina 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity on the quality of problem-solving in teams that use the majority rule to aggregate heterogeneous knowledge of the team members.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses agent-based simulations to model iterative problem-solving by teams. The simulation results are analyzed using linear regressions to show the interactions among the variables in the model.Findings– We find that knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity interact to jointly impact the optimal solution in the iterative problem-solving process of teams using majority rule decisions. Interestingly, we find that more complex problems require less knowledge overlap. Search width and knowledge overlap act as substitutes, weakening each other’s performance effects.Research limitations/implications– The results suggest that team performance in iterative problem-solving depends on interactions among knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity which need to be jointly examined to reflect realistic team dynamics.Practical implications– The findings suggest that team formation and the choice of a search strategy should be aligned with problem complexity.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the literature on problem-solving in teams. It is the first attempt to use agent-based simulations to model complex problem-solving in teams. The results have both theoretical and practical significance.
Trade‐offs among locomotor performance, reproduction and immunity in lizards
Authors: Husak Jerry F. , Ferguson Haley A. , Lovern Matthew B. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Life‐history theory predicts that investment of acquired energetic resources to a particular trait denies those same resources from being allocated to a different trait, resulting in life‐history trade‐offs. Dynamic, whole‐organism performance traits, including locomotor capacity, are key to fitness and fit within this framework. Such performance traits are typically energetically expensive, but are seldom integrated into life‐history studies.

We manipulated diet and allocation of resources to performance, via exercise training, to examine trade‐offs among endurance capacity, growth, immune function and current reproductive investment. Captive green anole lizards were assigned to one of four treatment combinations across two factors (diet restricted or not and endurance trained or not) over the course of 9 weeks.

Our results show that both diet restriction and training dramatically suppressed reproduction and immune function, but there were opposing effects of diet restriction and training on growth. Elevated corticosterone from training was associated with suppression of immunity, and decreased fat stores from diet restriction were associated with suppressed reproduction in both sexes.

Our results suggest that locomotor performance is an important part of energy allocation decisions and thus a key component of life‐history trade‐offs.
Beyond neutral and forbidden links: morphological matches and the assembly of mutualistic hawkmoth–plant networks
Authors: Sazatornil Federico D. , Moré Marcela , Benitez‐Vieyra Santiago , Cocucci Andrea A. , Kitching Ian J. , Schlumpberger Boris O. , Oliveira Paulo E. , Sazima Marlies , Amorim Felipe W. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

A major challenge in evolutionary ecology is to understand how co‐evolutionary processes shape patterns of interactions between species at community level. Pollination of flowers with long corolla tubes by long‐tongued hawkmoths has been invoked as a showcase model of co‐evolution. Recently, optimal foraging models have predicted that there might be a close association between mouthparts' length and the corolla depth of the visited flowers, thus favouring trait convergence and specialization at community level.

Here, we assessed whether hawkmoths more frequently pollinate plants with floral tube lengths similar to their proboscis lengths (morphological match hypothesis) against abundance‐based processes (neutral hypothesis) and ecological trait mismatches constraints (forbidden links hypothesis), and how these processes structure hawkmoth–plant mutualistic networks from five communities in four biogeographical regions of South America.

We found convergence in morphological traits across the five communities and that the distribution of morphological differences between hawkmoths and plants is consistent with expectations under the morphological match hypothesis in three of the five communities. In the two remaining communities, which are ecotones between two distinct biogeographical areas, interactions are better predicted by the neutral hypothesis.

Our findings are consistent with the idea that diffuse co‐evolution drives the evolution of extremely long proboscises and flower tubes, and highlight the importance of morphological traits, beyond the forbidden links hypothesis, in structuring interactions between mutualistic partners, revealing that the role of niche‐based processes can be much more complex than previously known.
Male‐killing bacteria as agents of insect pest control
Authors: Berec Luděk , Maxin Daniel , Bernhauerová Veronika 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Continual effort is needed to reduce the impact of exotic species in the context of increased globalization. Any innovation in this respect would be an asset.

We assess the potential of combining two pest control techniques: the well‐established sterile insect technique (SIT) and a novel male‐killing technique (MKT), which comprises inoculation of a pest population with bacteria that kill the infected male embryos.

Population models are developed to assess the efficiency of using the MKT for insect pest control, either alone or together with the SIT. We seek for conditions under which the MKT weakens requirements on the SIT.

Regarding the SIT, we consider both non‐heritable and inherited sterility. In both cases, the MKT and SIT benefit one another. The MKT may prevent the SIT from failing when not enough sterilized males are released due to high production costs and/or uncertainty on their mating ability following a high irradiation dose. Conversely, with already established SIT, pest eradication can be achieved after introduction of male‐killing bacteria with lower vertical transmission efficiency than if the MKT was applied alone.

For tephritid fruit flies with non‐heritable sterility, maximal impact of the SIT is achieved when the released males are fully sterile. Conversely, for lepidopterans with inherited sterility, maximal impact of the SIT is achieved for intermediate irradiation doses. In both cases, increasing vertical transmission efficiency of male‐killing bacteria benefits the SIT; high enough vertical transmission efficiency allows for pest eradication where the SIT is absent or induces only pest suppression when used alone.

Synthesis and applications. While both techniques can suppress or eliminate the pest on their own, combined application of the male‐killing technique and the sterile insect technique substantially increases pest control efficiency. If male‐killing bacteria are already established in the pest, any assessment of the sterile insect technique needs to account for their presence; otherwise, management recommendations could be exaggerated and unnecessarily costly.
Phylogenetic diversity is maintained despite richness losses over time in restored tallgrass prairie plant communities
Authors: Barber Nicholas A. , Jones Holly P. , Duvall Melvin R. , Wysocki William P. , Hansen Michael J. , Gibson David J. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Ecosystem restoration is an important tool for mitigating biodiversity loss and recovering critical ecosystem services to humanity, but restoration rarely takes into account the evolutionary attributes of the community being restored. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) represents a potentially valuable measure of restoration success because it can correlate with functional trait diversity that drives ecosystem function. However, PD patterns in restored communities are rarely assessed.

We surveyed plant communities in restored tallgrass prairies 2–19 years old and calculated two PD measures, SESMNTD and SESMPD, of the communities and seed mixture applied to sites. We also identified high‐threat exotic species present in each site to determine whether PD of the seed mixture applied was related to resistance against invasion.

We show that PD in North American tallgrass prairie restorations, as measured by both SESMNTD and SESMPD, is maintained over time even as richness declines. Neither the resulting community PD nor invasion by high‐threat exotic species was affected by PD of the seed mixture used in site restoration. Thus, simply maximizing PD of seed mixtures without considering the particular component species is unlikely to help achieve restoration goals.

Synthesis and applications. These results suggest that species losses over time are not biased towards species with or without close relatives in the community. If phylogenetic diversity (PD) reflects functional trait diversity in communities, then local declines in species richness may not necessarily mean the loss of ecosystem function in restoration projects. However, PD of restored communities may be limited by low establishment rates for most species. Conservation practitioners should consider PD with careful planning to maintain overall community diversity and potentially maximize ecosystem function and services in restorations. This perspective will require a deeper understanding of the relationships between phylogenetic relatedness and traits associated with competition and fitness.
Popliteal Vein Blood Sampling and the Postmortem Redistribution of Diazepam, Methadone, and Morphine
Authors: Lemaire Eric , Schmidt Carl , Denooz Raphael , Charlier Corinne , Boxho Philippe 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPostmortem redistribution (PMR) refers to the site‐ and time‐related blood drug concentration variations after death. We compared central blood (cardiac and subclavian) with peripheral blood (femoral and popliteal) concentrations of diazepam, methadone, and morphine. To our knowledge, popliteal blood has never been compared with other sites. Intracardiac blood (ICB), subclavian blood (SB), femoral blood (FB), and popliteal blood (PB) were sampled in 30 cases. To assess PMR, mean concentrations and ratios were compared. Influence of postmortem interval on mean ratios was also assessed. Results show that popliteal mean concentrations were lower than those for other sites for all three drugs, even lower than femoral blood; mean ratios suggested that the popliteal site was less subject to PMR, and estimated postmortem interval did not influence ratios except for diazepam and methadone FB/PB. In conclusion, our study is the first to explore the popliteal site and suggests that popliteal blood is less prone to postmortem redistribution.
Investigating Residential History Using Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Human Hair and Drinking Water
Authors: Mant Madeleine , Nagel Ashley , Prowse Tracy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe relationship between isotopic signals in human hair and geographic region has potential forensic applications for identifying unknown individuals' place of recent residence. This study analyzes δ2H and δ18O isotopes in residential tap water and bulk hair samples from 17 volunteers representing 12 locations in Ontario, Canada. There is a strong correlation (R2 = 0.9) between δ2H and δ18O values of the water samples. In contrast, the δ2H and δ18O values of the hair samples are weakly correlated (R2 = 0.3), and the greater variability in the data is linked to dietary factors. This study demonstrates that the δ2H and δ18O values of hair and drinking water can be used to help identify potential place of residence in forensic cases, particularly in relation to proximity to large bodies of water such as the Great Lakes, but interpretations are complicated by the contribution of both water and diet to δ2H and δ18O values in hair.
Reasons for Frequent Emergency Department Use by Medicaid Enrollees: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Capp Roberta , Kelley Lauren , Ellis Peter , Carmona Juan , Lofton Adrienne , Cobbs‐Lomax Darcey , D'Onofrio Gail 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Affordable Care Act initiated several care coordination programs tailored to reduce emergency department (ED) use for Medicaid‐enrolled frequent ED users. It is important to clarify from the patient's perspective why Medicaid enrollees who want to receive care coordination services to improve primary care utilization frequently use the ED.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative data analysis of patient summary reports obtained from Medicaid enrolled frequent ED users who agreed to participate in a randomized control trial (RCT) evaluating the impact of patient navigation intervention compared with standard of care on ED use and hospital admissions. We defined frequent ED users as those who used the ED four to 18 times in the past year. The study was conducted at an urban, teaching hospital ED with approximately 90,000 visits per year. The research staff conducted interviews (~30–40 minutes), regarding the patient's medical history, reasons for ED visits, health care access issues, and social distresses. The aforementioned findings were summarized in a 1‐ to 2‐page report and presented to the RCT's project team (social worker, emergency medicine physician, primary care physician, and patient navigators) on a weekly basis to further understand the needs of this patient population. A diverse team of researchers (program staff and physicians) coded all reports and reached consensus using reflexive team analysis. We reconciled differences in code interpretations and generated themes.ResultsOne‐hundred patients enrolled in the RCT from March 2013 to February 2014, and all 100 patient summary reports were evaluated. We identified three key themes associated with Medicaid enrollee frequent ED use: 1) negative personal experiences with the healthcare system, 2) challenges associated with having low socioeconomic status, and 3) significant chronic mental and physical disease burden.ConclusionsMedicaid frequent ED users engaged in receiving patient navigation services with the goal to reduce ED use and hospital admissions describe barriers that go beyond timely primary care access issues. These include sociodeterminants of health, lack of trust in primary care providers, and healthcare system.