bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbal Conflictogenous Component in Public Political Rhetoric of Modern History (In Inaugural Speeches of American Presidents from the 1980s to the Beginning of the 21st Century)
Authors: Хроменков  , Khromenkov Pavel 
Published: August 2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of conflictogenous verbal components
in inaugural speeches of the USA presidents. Research is carried out by a
method of the quantitative content-analysis. In the article verbal components
inaugural speeches as the elements forming the program text, possessing
by unique characteristics — a constant target audience and the form which
are kept within more than 200 years are examined. The carried out research
allows determining significant potential of the frequency content-analysis of
“hate speech” in forecasting political conflicts and in development of political
processes as a whole. Such methodology allows revealing not only public,
but also latent political conflicts.
On the Language of the Internet
Authors: Ахренова  , Akhrenova N. 
Published: August 2016

In this article the results of the research, devoted to the status of the language
of the Internet, conducted by the author are described. Nowadays
there are two leading points of view on the problem of the article. Some
linguists look upon this linguistic phenomenon as an independent language,
which is used in on-line communication. Other linguists treat the language
of the Internet as a type of slang or jargon used by a limited group of professionals.
We consider the language of the Internet as a language for specific
purposes (LSP) along side with the language of geometry and medicine.
But for the first time in the history of linguistics an LSP influences the standard
language so much. The research done proves it.
Stratagem as Cultural Phenomenon and Specifics of Chinese Business Culture
Authors: Ленинцева  , Lenintseva V. , Тохта-Ходжаева  , Tokhta-Khodzhaeva M. 
Published: August 2016

The current article refers to a problem of stratagems in Chinese business
culture. Nowadays study and development of world’s business cultures is
one of the key moments of understanding the value of cultural phenomenon
of modernity. The development and ability of drafting sly and skillful plans,
tricks, logical traps ect., that must bring the interlocutor to a standstill. It is a
characteristic feature of Chinese business communication.
Information Culture in the Context of Higher Education
Authors: Святкина  , Svyatkina E. 
Published: August 2016

The article discusses special features of information culture acquisition by
higher school students considering the transformation of learning environment
that is under way in contemporary universities. The author gives a
detailed analysis of the concept of computer-mediated communication,
which is now becoming a top priority in learning process modernization.
The article considers the advantages of e-learning and a new learning
format — digital textbook. It points out that the new approach to learning
process involves the appearance of new academic subjects to be taught by
modular principle. One of such “modular subjects” is a course of vocationally-
oriented informative reading in English. To illustrate the conclusion that
this course completion results in acquisition of the whole complex of new
communicative skills, the author gives an example of a text and tasks from
the elective course “Academic skilis”, which is now being developed within
the Online University of the National Nuclear Research University “MEPhI”
for physics students.
Die Professionalisierung(en) der Mediation
Authors: Maiwald Kai-Olaf 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Im Bereich der beruflich ausgeübten Mediation existieren seit längerer Zeit (nicht immer eineindeutige) Bestrebungen, das Tätigkeitsfeld zu professionalisieren. Aus professionssoziologischer Sicht stellt sich bei solchen Bestrebungen immer die Frage, ob es sich überhaupt um einen Beruf handelt, der professionalisierungsbedürftig, aber auch -fähig ist. Dieser Frage wird nachgegangen, indem zentrale Kriterien der Professionalisierung – Verberuflichung/Institutionalisierung, Expertisierung, Etablierung, berufsständische Organisation und insbesondere professionelles Handeln – an die Mediation angelegt, überprüft und diskutiert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund lässt sich einerseits feststellen, dass man bei der Mediation derzeit allenfalls von einer gebremsten Professionalisierung sprechen kann. Andererseits lässt sich durchaus ein Professionalisierungsbedarf der Tätigkeit diagnostizieren, sowohl im Hinblick auf die Anforderungen und Probleme mediatorischen Handelns wie auch bezüglich der tatsächlichen Funktion und Rolle des/der MediatorIn.
Professionalisierungsbedürftige Vermittlungspraxis oder Sozialtechnologie?
Authors: Münte Peter 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Mediation gilt als ein innovatives Verfahren zur einvernehmlichen Beilegung von Konflikten. Die im Beitrag angestellten Überlegungen zur Struktur des mediatorischen Berufshandelns gehen von einem Befund aus, der bei der Analyse von Dokumenten der Berufswirklichkeit der Mediation gewonnen wurde, dass nämlich die Position des vermittelnden Dritten im institutionalisierten Selbstverständnis der Mediation unausgefüllt bleibt und dies weitreichende Konsequenzen für die Berufspraxis von Mediatoren besitzt. Maiwald erklärt diesen Befund mit dem expertokratiekritischen Zeitgeist, der in die Institutionalisierung der Mediation eingegangen ist. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine alternative Erklärung vorgeschlagen, die, hierin an Überlegungen Bröcklings zur Mediation anschließend, das Wissen der Mediation in das Zentrum der Analyse rückt. Es soll herausgearbeitet werden, inwiefern diese Wissensbasis der Institutionalisierung einer genuinen Vermittlungspraxis entgegensteht. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die These entwickelt, dass die Mediation in ein Feld von Tätigkeiten einzuordnen ist, die für die Moderne der Gegenwart charakteristisch sind. Diese Tätigkeiten sind zum einen in Ordnungsdiskurse eingelagert, in denen Emanzipationsforderungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen und in denen die Gesellschaft als reformbedürftig beschrieben wird. Zum anderen wird in diesen Tätigkeiten für die Durchführung der als erforderlich betrachteten Reformen sozialtechnologisches Wissen mobilisiert und angewendet.
Ursula Streckert: Der Briefwechsel Ferdinand Christian Baurs mit Ludwig Friedrich Heyd – die Introspektion. Teil 1
Authors: Streckert Ursula 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Nineteen newly-transliterated letters between Ferdinand Christian Baur and his friend Ludwig Friedrich Heyd are presented. Seventeen of them were written by Baur, and two by Heyd in the period between 10
th
February 1836 and 16
th
January 1842. A further sixteen earlier letters were already published by Carl Egbert Hester in 1993. The correspondence between the two close friends cover a broad range of subjects, predominantly historical, as well as family, scientific, political themes and particularly university politics. The key personal topic is the death of Baur’s wife in 1839 and the consequences of this for their children. The scientific themes concern firstly Baur’s efforts to assist Heyd in his research into the history of Württemberg, and to promote these works to publishers. Secondly, the letters document the reaction of the two to David Friedrich Strauß’s work “Das Leben Jesu”, and how their views changed during this correspondence. The central political themes of the letters relate primarily to appointments within Tübingen University, and in particular to previously unknown attacks on Baur’s own position there. Further discussions concern two politically arranged festivals; the Buchhändlerfest of 1840, and the 25
th
coronation anniversary of King Wilhelm I. of Württemberg in 1841, at which Baur gave a courageous speech on the political situation in Württemberg. Of particular interest in the letters previously transliterated by Hester are two topics, firstly the “Polish Petition” regarding the political situation in Poland in the 1830s, and secondly regarding the constitution of Tübingen University. To better understand the significance of these private letters and their openness, a short biography of Heyd is included.
Efecto del tratamiento de escaldado sobre la actividad enzimática de la polifenoloxidasa en dos variedades de batata (Ipomoea batatas Lam.)
Authors: Arrazola-Paternina Guillermo , Alvis-Bermúdez Armando , García-Mogollon Carlos 
Published: August 2016

Se estudió el efecto del tiempo y temperatura de escaldado sobre la actividad enzimática de la polifenoloxidasa en dos variedades de batata (blanca y colorada), con el objetivo de obtener y evaluar el comportamiento de esta enzima, las muestras fueron sometidas a temperaturas de escaldado (75, 80 y 85ºC) y tiempos de 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 y 180 segundos, en agua destilada con contenido de 0,5% ácido cítrico y 1% ácido ascórbico, regulando pH y control de oxidación. En la evaluación del efecto-temperatura, (extracto) la actividad de la enzima polifenoloxidasa inicialmente en variedad colorada era de 0,263 ΔUAbs min-1 mg-1 de proteína(variación de unidades de absorbancia por minuto por gramos de proteína), la cual disminuyó a valores de 0,0347 ΔUAbs min-1 mg-1 de proteína a la temperatura de 85ºC y 180 s. Mientras la variedad blanca 0,128 ΔUAbs min-1 mg-1 de proteína que disminuyó a valores de 0,0177 ΔUAbs min-1 mg-1 de proteína a la misma temperatura y tiempo. Se concluye que la actividad de la enzima polifenoloxidasa se redujo en un 86,8 % para la variedad colorada y 86,17 % en la variedad blanca, mediante la acción del escaldado.
Phosphate Speciation under Organic‐Acid‐Promoted Dissolution of Phosphorus‐Sorbed Ferrihydrite–Boehmite Mixtures: Implications For Soil Phosphorus
Authors: Adam Nadia 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Phosphate speciation determines its bioavailability in soils.
Phosphate molecular speciation changes occur upon organic‐acid‐promoted dissolution.
Results imply that phosphate in acid soils preferentially associated with Fe(III) oxides.
Organic‐acid‐promoted dissolution of phosphate is a primary mechanism for enhancing the bioavailability of sorbed, inorganic soil phosphate. Bioavailability of P is, however, dependent on its speciation. Hence, the main objective of this study was to characterize changes in phosphate speciation as a function of pH levels (4–8) during citrate‐promoted dissolution of phosphate adsorbed on ferrihydrite–boehmite mixtures using two different sizes of ferrihydrite. A combination of batch dissolution kinetics and P K‐X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used. Trends in shifts of white‐line peak energy and full width at half maximum height of P K‐XANES spectra indicated that the phosphate bonding configuration on ferrihydrite–boehmite as single minerals and mineral mixtures was predominantly binuclear–bidentate complexes at pH levels of 4, 6, and 8. When citrate was added to the ferrihydrite–boehmite mixtures with bound phosphate (pH 4 and 6), phosphate was preferentially released from boehmite, resorbed onto ferrihydrite, and precipitated to form noncrystalline FePO4 minerals. A reverse trend was observed at alkaline pH. These results suggest the potential for excessive P release in P‐enriched acidic soils during a redox event due to preferential association of P to Fe(III) phases.
The National Inquiry on Murders and Disappearances of Indigenous Women and Girls
Authors:   Feminist Alliance for International Action,   Native Women's Association of Canada
Published: August 2016

Consolidated Recommendations On 30–31 January 2016, the Native Women's Association of Canada, the Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action, and the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law convened a symposium in Ottawa to engage in dialogue about the upcoming national inquiry on the murders and disappearances of Indigenous women and girls. Forty Indigenous women leaders, family members of murdered and disappeared women, academics, and allies were joined by six human rights experts from the United Nations and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. This document is distilled from presentations and dialogue at the symposium. This is a consensus document. The group was largely in agreement with the principles put forward. A few women did not agree fully with all aspects of these recommendations. We have attempted to capture their concerns in this document. This document does not purport to deal exhaustively with all aspects of the inquiry. Other areas of consideration include how to incorporate the voices and experiences of young, elderly, disabled, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgendered, intersexual, queer, questioning, 2-spirited Indigenous women into the inquiry. The aim of this report is to provide those who are developing the mandate for the inquiry with clear direction that is rooted in the face-to-face deliberations of Indigenous women from across Canada and their allies. It is organized by theme, outlining the concerns and issues raised by participants, with each theme concluding in a concrete recommendation. The recommendations are consolidated at the end of the document for ease of reference. We sincerely hope that the policy makers who are developing the inquiry's mandate will take these recommendations, and their human rights lens, into account in meaningful ways.
Seed production timing influences seedling fitness in the tropical live oak Quercus oleoides of Costa Rican dry forests
Authors: Center Alyson , Etterson Julie R. , Deacon Nicholas John , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Reproductive phenology is important for tree species that occur in seasonally dry environments, particularly for those with desiccation‐sensitive, nondormant seeds. In this study, we compared germination, growth, and survival of seeds of the evergreen tropical live oak Quercus oleoides produced at different times during the wet season at two sites that differ in rainfall along an elevation gradient. Our goal was to determine the effects of reproductive timing on germination and juvenile fitness for this widespread species in seasonally dry forests of northwestern Costa Rica.METHODS:We collected seeds early and late in a single wet season from two populations with contrasting rainfall and reciprocally planted them into common gardens. Two watering treatments (ambient and supplemental watering) were established at the drier low‐elevation garden. Seeds were exposed to ambient rainfall at the wetter high‐elevation garden. We conducted selection analyses using aster models to examine variation in selection on seed size and timing of germination.KEY RESULTS:Trees of Q. oleoides had higher fitness when seeds were produced, dispersed and germinated late in the wet season. Postgermination, water limitation during the dry season reduced seedling fitness by decreasing survival but not growth.CONCLUSIONS:In contrast to studies in temperate climates where earlier germination is typically favored, we show that selection on days to germination is temporally and spatially heterogeneous. Selection was found to favor either rapid or delayed germination depending on seed cohort and habitat.
Anna Reinhard Zwingli – ‘Apostolic Dorcas’, ‘dearest housewife’, ‘angel-wife’, ‘ziel van mijn ziel’ and ‘mater dolorosa of the Reformation’: From woman to valued citizen
Authors: Potgieter Raymond 
Published: August 2016

A biography of Anna Zwingli might be compiled by skipping from one pinnacle point in her life to another. However, much of her story is relative to what is known about her husbands John Meier von Knonau and Ulrich Zwingli. But Anna was more than simply the wife of a lesser noble or a famous reformer. Her life story was also intertwined with development of the Reformation in Zurich and the impact it had upon her and her family. The Reformation did not only bring about religious reform but also had an impact on women and their ministerial roles. Anna was indeed a woman of the Reformation but also the wife of a reformer. Together with other women of the Reformation and of Zurich she served its cause from within its gender confines overshadowed by her husband, Ulrich Zwingli. The role of woman/women remains a contentious issue for many in the Christian church.
"Para que poucos usufruam muito, muitos não devem usufruir nada": Movimentos de Voz e Saída no filme "In time"
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo , Calsa Geiva Carolina , Stein Vinícius 
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo o objetivo é discutir sobre predicativos da sociedade contemporânea globalizada cujo alicerce é estruturado sobre o capital e a cultura. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa documental, sobre o filme In Time (2011), ficção que diz respeito a uma sociedade organizada através do tempo e do dinheiro. Utilizou-se do Image Watching (OTT, 2011) como ferramenta de análise aproximando o corpus de conceitos de Bauman (2007; 2010) Bourdieu (1989; 2014) e Hirschman (1979). Considerou-se que em uma economia alicerçada no consumismo, como a da ficção e a da contemporaneidade, a produtividade, o descarte, a distribuição assimétrica de bens e a dominação são estratégias que operam a manutenção do capitalismo. Enviado em: 05 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 13 de julho de 2016.
Ditos e não escritos sobre o mal-estar docente: a potência do ler e do escrever em ateliês de escrileituras
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigues Carla , Wikboldt Schwantz Josimara 
Published: August 2016

Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, que interroga sobre as causas e consequências do mal-estar docente na rede estadual de ensino de uma cidade do interior Sul do RS. Primeiramente, buscou por elementos sobre a temática através do exame bibliográfico na área da Saúde - mais especificamente da Psicologia - e na área da Educação. O segundo movimento visou fomentar os estudos relativos à metodologia cartográfica. Para a produção de dados, realizou pesquisa documental, utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas e propôs atividades intervencionistas a partir de ateliês de escrileituras. Focaliza a escrita como exercício clínico, desde a Psicologia Institucional e a Filosofia da Diferença. Alguns resultados indicam a existência de uma cultura educacional de fuga do trabalho, borrando o que se denomina mal-estar docente. Entretanto, há causas e consequências apontadas que corroboram os achados de pesquisas anteriores. Enviado em: 30 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 01 de agosto de 2016.
Growth direction control of dendrite crystals in parallel direction to realize high-quality multicrystalline silicon ingot
Authors: Hiramatsu Takuya , Takahashi Isao , Matsushima Satoru , Usami Noritaka 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We performed numerical calculations of temperature distributions in a furnace and clarified that a simple modification of heat insulators allows the realization of a complex temperature distribution for a parallel arrangement of adjacent dendrite crystals at the initial stage of the floating cast method. The temperature distribution included a unidirectional temperature gradient on the Si melt surface, which led to the preferential nucleation on one side of a square crucible. Numerical simulation was utilized to design crystal growth experiments, and we demonstrated the preferential formation of dendrite crystals on the expected side of the crucible.
Broadband light scattering spectroscopy utilizing an ultra-narrowband holographic notch filter
Authors: Fujii Yasuhiro , Katayama Daisuke , Koreeda Akitoshi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The broadband spectroscopic analysis over Brillouin, quasi-elastic, and Raman regions arising from the same position of the sample has been achieved by employing an ultra-narrowband holographic notch filter (HNF) and an optical isolator. Recently, HNFs are often employed to reject strong elastic scattering in low-frequency Raman experiments. Meanwhile, the rejected spectral component agrees with the frequency range that can be observed by a triple-pass tandem Fabry–Pérot interferometer. Thus the broadband spectroscopy can be accomplished by introducing the rejected light to the interferometer. This system, in combination with the local symmetry analysis by polarization-direction-resolved Raman spectroscopy, is particularly advantageous for the investigation of spatially inhomogeneous systems.
Suppression of rainfall by fires in African drylands
Authors: Saha Michael V. , Scanlon Todd M. , D'Odorico Paolo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFire is a widespread agent of disturbance in African drylands, but the impact of fire on local precipitation remains poorly understood and large‐scale observational evidence has been lacking. Here we link fire to a reduction in precipitation across African drylands. Using 15 years of satellite observations over continental sub‐Saharan Africa, we find that more extensive and later dry season fires lead to wet season rainfall deficits of up to 30 mm (~10%). The effect is stronger in the Southern Hemisphere, a signal we attribute to the later timing of fires in the dry season. Given the coupling between rainfall, fuel loads, and fire in African drylands, a negative interannual feedback may arise between fire and precipitation, whereby fires suppress precipitation, thereby reducing fuel load and fire in the subsequent season. The reduced fuel load would, in turn, increase precipitation, completing the feedback loop. This feedback may contribute to a pervasive negative autocorrelation observed in Southern Hemisphere annual rainfall.
Solar wind‐driven variations of electron plasma sheet densities and temperatures beyond geostationary orbit during storm times
Authors: Dubyagin S. , Ganushkina N. Yu. , Sillanpää I. , Runov A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe empirical models of the plasma sheet electron temperature and density on the nightside at distances between 6 and 11 RE are constructed based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) particle measurements. The data set comprises ∼400 h of observations in the plasma sheet during geomagnetic storm periods. The equatorial distribution of the electron density reveals a strong earthward gradient and a moderate variation with magnetic local time symmetric with respect to the midnight meridian. The electron density dependence on the external driving is parameterized by the solar wind proton density averaged over 4 h and the southward component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF BS) averaged over 6 h. The interval of the IMF integration is much longer than a typical substorm growth phase, and it rather corresponds to the geomagnetic storm main phase duration. The solar wind proton density is the main controlling parameter, but the IMF BS becomes of almost the same importance in the near‐Earth region. The root‐mean‐square deviation between the observed and predicted plasma sheet density values is 0.23 cm−3, and the correlation coefficient is 0.82. The equatorial distribution of the electron temperature has a maximum in the postmidnight to morning MLT sector, and it is highly asymmetric with respect to the local midnight. The electron temperature model is parameterized by solar wind velocity (averaged over 4 h), IMF BS (averaged over 45 min), and IMF BN (northward component of IMF, averaged over 2 h). The solar wind velocity is a major controlling parameter, and IMF BS and BN are comparable in importance. In contrast to the density model, the electron temperature shows higher correlation with the IMF BS averaged over ∼45 min (substorm growth phase time scale). The effect of BN manifests mostly in the outer part of the modeled region (r > 8RE). The influence of the IMF BS is maximal in the midnight to postmidnight MLT sector. The correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted plasma sheet electron temperature values is 0.76, and the root‐mean‐square deviation is 2.6 keV. Both models reveal better performance in the dawn MLT sector.