bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herzerkrankungen und bewährte Therapiestrategien aus Sicht des Ayurveda
Authors: Gupta Shive Narain , Patel Kalapi , Mittwede Martin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Ayurveda gehören Herzerkrankungen zu den schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen, weil das Herz als zentrales Lebensorgan angesehen wird, in dem die
Lebensenergie und das Bewusstsein beheimatet sind. Verschiedene ätiologische Faktoren provozieren das im Ayurveda beschriebene Prinzip der
Doshas und bringen das Prinzip Rasa aus dem Gleichgewicht, was die Qualität der Nährstoffe, die über das Blut zum Herzen transportiert
werden, negativ beeinflusst und in der Folge Störungen produziert, die zu einer Herzkrankheit (Hridroga) führen. Zu den bewährten
ayurvedischen Behandlungsstrategien bei Hridroga gehören Reinigungstherapien des Körpers, Heilmittel, die auf das Herz wirken und die
funktionelle Belastung des Herzens reduzieren, Heilmittel mit einer „auskratzenden“ Wirkung (lekhana) sowie die Änderung des Lebensstils aus
ayurvedischer Sicht. Langjährige klinische Erfahrung ist im Ayurveda für ein gutes individuelles Management von Herzkrankheiten notwendig:
Anhand von drei Fallbeispielen aus dem P. D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital, Nadiad, Indien, wird die Umsetzung der ayurvedischen Therapie, die in
den meisten Fällen eine deutliche Verbesserung bei den Patienten erzielen kann, beschrieben.
Weißdorn – neue Erkenntnisse zu einer alten Heilpflanze – ein Multitalent für Herz und Kreislauf
Authors: Gündling Peter W. 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungWeißdornextrakte werden seit langem und weltweit zur Behandlung von Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten angewendet. In den letzten Jahren wurden
klinische Untersuchungen von weit mehr als 4000 Patienten sowie eine Vielzahl an Grundlagenforschungen durchgeführt, die immer wieder neue
und überraschende Ergebnisse liefern. Aus Sicht der Naturheilkunde kann Weißdorn daher als ideale Basismedikation sowohl therapeutisch beim
Altersherz, beginnender Herzinsuffizienz, endothelialer Dysfunktion, Arteriosklerose und koronarer Herzkrankheit als auch prophylaktisch zur
Vermeidung dieser Störungen gelten.
biospear: an R package for biomarker selection in penalized Cox regression
Authors: Ternès Nils , Rotolo Federico , Michiels Stefan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSummaryThe R package biospear allows selecting the biomarkers with the strongest impact on survival and on the treatment effect in high-dimensional Cox models, and estimating expected survival probabilities. Most of the implemented approaches are based on penalized regression techniques.Availability and implementationThe package is available on the CRAN. (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=biospear)Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
LDassoc: an online tool for interactively exploring genome-wide association study results and prioritizing variants for functional investigation
Authors: Machiela Mitchell J , Chanock Stephen J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Existing approaches to plot association results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are in the form of static Manhattan plots and often lack data integration with rich databases on variant regulatory potential as well as population-specific linkage disequilibrium patterns.

Summary
We created an intuitive web module for uploading and efficiently exploring GWAS association results. Interactive plots and sortable tables allow researchers to query genomic regions of interest, facilitating the integration of data on linkage disequilibrium, variant regulatory potential and potential target genes. External links allow for visualization of association results in the UCSC genome browser as well as easy access to publically available databases (e.g. dbSNP and RegulomeDB). Through improved visualization and data integration, LDassoc offers genomic researchers a specialized environment to examine association signals and suggests variants for functional investigation.

Availability and implementation
LDassoc is a free and publically available web tool which can be accessed online at https://analysistools.nci.nih.gov/LDlink/? tab=ldassoc.
Using Elastic Net Penalized Cox Proportional Hazards Regression to Identify Predictors of Imminent Smoking Lapse
Authors: Suchting Robert , Hébert Emily T , Ma Ping , Kendzor Darla E , Businelle Michael S 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Machine learning algorithms such as elastic net regression and backward selection provide a unique and powerful approach to model building given a set of psychosocial predictors of smoking lapse measured repeatedly via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Understanding these predictors may aid in developing interventions for smoking lapse prevention.

Methods
In a randomized-controlled smoking cessation trial, smartphone-based EMAs were collected from 92 participants following a scheduled quit date. This secondary analysis utilized elastic net-penalized cox proportional hazards regression and model approximation via backward elimination to (1) optimize a predictive model of time to first lapse and (2) simplify that model to its core constituent predictors to maximize parsimony and generalizability.

Results
Elastic net proportional hazards regression selected 17 of 26 possible predictors from 2065 EMAs to model time to first lapse. The predictors with the highest magnitude regression coefficients were having consumed alcohol in the past hour, being around and interacting with a smoker, and having cigarettes easily available. This model was reduced using backward elimination, retaining five predictors and approximating to 93.9% of model fit. The retained predictors included those mentioned above as well as feeling irritable and being in areas where smoking is either discouraged or allowed (as opposed to not permitted).

Conclusions
The strongest predictors of smoking lapse were environmental in nature (e.g., being in smoking-permitted areas) as opposed to internal factors such as psychological affect. Interventions may be improved by a renewed focus of interventions on these predictors.

Implications
The present study demonstrated the utility of machine learning algorithms to optimize the prediction of time to smoking lapse using EMA data. The two models generated by the present analysis found that environmental factors were most strongly related to smoking lapse. The results support the use of machine learning algorithms to investigate intensive longitudinal data, and provide a foundation for the development of highly tailored, just-in-time interventions that can target on multiple antecedents of smoking lapse.
Formal verification: will the seedling ever flower?
Authors: White Neil , Matthews Stuart , Chapman Roderick 
Published: September 2017

In one sense, formal specification and verification have been highly successful: techniques have been developed in pioneering academic research, transferred to software companies through training and partnerships, and successfully deployed in systems with national significance. Altran UK has been in the vanguard of this movement. This paper summarizes some of our key deployments of formal techniques over the past 20 years, including both security- and safety-critical systems. The impact of formal techniques, however, remains within an industrial niche, and while government and suppliers across industry search for solutions to the problems of poor-quality software, the wider software industry remains resistant to adoption of this proven solution. We conclude by reflecting on some of the challenges we face as a community in ensuring that formal techniques achieve their true potential impact on society.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Verified trustworthy software systems’.
Bioimpedance and new onset heart failure: A longitudinal study of ~500,000 individuals from the general population
Authors: Lindholm Daniel , Fukaya Eri , J. Leeper Nicholas , Ingelsson Erik 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImportanceHeart failure constitutes a high burden on patients and society, but although lifetime risk is high, it is difficult to predict without costly or invasive testing. Knowledge about novel risk factors could enable early diagnosis and possibly preemptive treatment.ObjectiveTo establish new risk factors for heart failure.DesignWe applied supervised machine learning in UK Biobank in an agnostic search of risk factors for heart failure. Novel predictors were then subjected to several in-depth analyses, including multivariable Cox models of incident heart failure, and assessment of discrimination and calibration.SettingPopulation-based cohort study.Participants500,451 individuals who volunteered to participate in the UK Biobank cohort study, excluding those with prevalent heart failure.Exposure3646 variables reflecting different aspects of lifestyle, health and disease-related factors.Main OutcomeIncident heart failure hospitalization.ResultsMachine learning confirmed many known and putative risk factors for heart failure, and identified several novel candidates. Mean reticulocyte volume appeared as one novel factor, and leg bioimpedance another; the latter appearing as the most important new factor. Leg bioimpedance was significantly lower in those who developed heart failure (p=1.1x10-72) during up to 9.8-year follow-up. When adjusting for known heart failure risk factors, leg bioimpedance was inversely related to heart failure (hazard ratio [95%CI], 0.60 [0.48–0.73]) and 0.75 [0.59–0.94], in age- and sex-adjusted and fully adjusted models, respectively, comparing the upper vs. lower quartile). A model including leg bioimpedance, age, sex, and self-reported history of myocardial infarction showed good predictive capacity of future heart failure hospitalization (C-index=0.82) and good calibration.Conclusions and RelevanceLeg bioimpedance is inversely associated with heart failure incidence in the general population. A simple model of exclusively non-invasive measures, combining leg bioimpedance with history of myocardial infarction, age, and sex provides accurate predictive capacity.Key pointsQuestionWhich are the most important risk factors for incident heart failure?FindingsIn this population-based cohort study of ~500,000 individuals, machine learning identified well-established risk factors, but also several novel factors. Among the most important were leg bioimpedance and mean reticulocyte volume. There was a strong inverse relationship between leg bioimpedance and incident heart failure, also in adjusted analyses. A model entailing leg bioimpedance, age, sex, and self-reported history of myocardial infarction showed good predictive capacity of heart failure hospitalization and good calibration.MeaningLeg bioimpedance appears to be an important new factor associated with incident heart failure.
Codon usage bias in animals: disentangling the effects of natural selection, effective population size and GC-biased gene conversion
Authors: Galtier N. , Roux C. , Rousselle M. , Romiguier J. , Figuet E. , Glémin S. , Bierne N. , Duret L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelection on codon usage bias is well documented in a number of microorganisms. Whether codon usage is also generally shaped by natural selection in large organisms, despite their relatively small effective population size (Ne), is unclear. Codon usage bias in animals has only been studied in a handful of model organisms so far, and can be affected by confounding, non-adaptive processes such as GC-biased gene conversion and experimental artefacts. Using population transcriptomics data we analysed the relationship between codon usage, gene expression, allele frequency distribution and recombination rate in 31 non-model species of animals, each from a different family, covering a wide range of effective population sizes. We disentangled the effects of translational selection and GC-biased gene conversion on codon usage by separately analysing GC-conservative and GC-changing mutations. We report evidence for effective translational selection on codon usage in large-Nespecies of animals, but not in small-Neones, in agreement with the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. C- and T-ending codons are generally preferred over synonymous G- and A-ending ones, for reasons that remain to be determined. In contrast, we uncovered a conspicuous effect of GC-biased gene conversion, which is widespread in animals and the main force determining the fate of AT↔GC mutations. Intriguingly, the strength of its effect was uncorrelated withNe.
Reversal of molecular pathology by RNA-targeting Cas9 in a myotonic dystrophy mouse model
Authors: Batra Ranjan , Nelles David A. , Krach Florian , Thomas James D. , Snjader Lukasz , Blue Steven M. , Aigner Stefan , Swanson Maurice S. , Yeo Gene W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe dominantly inherited, multi-systemic disease myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is caused by triplet repeat CTG expansions in theDMPKgene and is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy. Elimination of the toxic, repetitive CUG RNA constitutes a therapeutic for this disease. We report an RNA-targeting Cas9 (RCas9) system that supports efficient reversal of DM1 phenotypes via delivery to adult poly(CUG) DM1 mouse muscle using adeno-associated virus (AAV). We observe elimination of CUG RNA, restoration of CUG foci-associated Mbnl1 protein to wild-type subcellular localization, correction of DM1-type alternative splicing patterns in candidate genes including the voltage-gated chloride channel 1 (Clcn1)responsible for characteristic myotonia, recovery of Clcn1 staining, and reduction in centralized myonuclei. Our results establish RCas9 as a potential long-termin vivotherapeutic for DM1.One Sentence SummaryA repurposed CRISPR system termed RNA-targeting Cas9 reverses the molecular pathology associated with the most common type of adult onset muscular dystrophy in adult mouse muscle.
Role of gene body methylation in coral acclimatization and adaptation
Authors: Dixon Groves , Liao Yi , Bay Line K. , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGene body methylation (GBM) has been hypothesized to modulate responses to environmental change, including transgenerational plasticity, but the evidence thus far has been lacking. Here we show that coral fragments reciprocally transplanted between two distant reefs respond with genome-wide increase or decrease in GBM disparity among genes. Surprisingly, this simple genome-wide adjustment predicted broad-scale gene expression changes and fragments’ fitness in the new environment. This supports GBM’s role in acclimatization, which may consist in modulating the expression balance between environmentally-responsive and housekeeping genes. At the same time, constitutive differences in GBM between populations did not align with plastic GBM changes upon transplantation and were mostly observed amongFSToutliers, indicating that they arose through genetic divergence rather than through transgenerational inheritance of acquired GBM states.One-sentence summaryGenome-wide shifts in gene body methylation predict gene expression and fitness during acclimatization but do not contribute to epigenetic divergence between populations.
“Tata i-Shakti” to “Tata Sampann”: rebranding or repositioning?
Authors: Varshneya Geetika , Das Gopal 
Published: September 2017

Subject area
Marketing.

Study level/applicability
This case may be used by instructors to teach undergraduate, post graduate and executive level programmes in management. It may be used in basic marketing, branding or marketing strategy courses. The case may serve as a platform for the instructor to discuss the concepts and issues related to positioning and repositioning.

Case overview
Tata Chemicals, a subsidiary of the Tata group, launched the “i-Shakti” brand six years ago for its low-cost “solar-evaporated” salt for rural customers. In 2010, the company extended the brand equity of i-Shakti to a premium segment and launched a new brand “Tata i-Shakti” with a range of unpolished pulses. Changing the brand name and customer base from “i-Shakti for rural market” to “Tata i-Shakti for premium market” created a dilemma among customers in the market. To overcome this problem, in October 2015, the company’s portfolio of pulses, gram flour and food grade soda under “Tata i-Shakti” label has migrated into a new brand “Tata Sampann”. The company also launched a range of spices under the brand name of “Tata Sampann”. This new brand “Tata Sampann” was launched to serve the premium segment with an aim to “enrich everyday meals with extra nutrition and extra joy”. Also, this brand recreation was made by the company with anticipation to make avenues for future launches in the staples and food segment under Tata’s consumer products business. It has been almost a year since Tata Sampann was launched in the market. Given the tough competition and expected growth of the spices market in India, it remained to be seen whether “Tata i-Shakti” was rightly rebranded or repositioned with “Tata Sampann”.

Expected learning outcomes
To make participants understand the basic concepts of branding such as umbrella branding, brand repositioning and rebranding. To make participants learn about various brand elements and how they contribute in communicating the value proposition of the brand. To make participants appreciate various marketing and brand related strategies.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS: 8: Marketing.
Strategic logistics outsourcing: upstream-downstream supply chain comparison
Authors: Alkhatib Saleh Fahed 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a new integrated approach for the strategic logistics outsourcing process through identifying the logistics independent success factors (ISFs) and linking them with the firm’s strategic objectives and logistics requirements. Then, the new integrated approach will be used to compare the outsourcing processes for the upstream and downstream supply chain members. Studies of logistics outsourcing reveal the strategic importance of this process and the increasing need for new strategic approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The design is based on mixed methodology and integrated approach. The fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory technique has contributed to the construction of interdependent relationships, development of impact-relationship maps (IRMs) and identifying ISFs. The fuzzy quality function deployment technique was used to link the strategic objectives, logistics requirements and the ISFs to evaluate and select logistics service providers (LSPs) strategically. Finally, two case studies (upstream and downstream supply chains) are used to demonstrate the new approach effectiveness and to highlight the differences/similarities between the two streams.

Findings
In addition to the new strategic logistics outsourcing approach, this study analysed the impact relationships of the LSPs’ framework factors and constructed their maps. In all, 21 ISFs have been identified: 8 logistics key performance indicators, 7 logistics services and activities and 6 logistics resources and capabilities. The two streams’ comparison relived several differences in terms of strategic objectives, logistics requirements and ISFs.

Research limitations/implications
The new approach for strategic logistics outsourcing can help firms to perform a better multi-stakeholder multi-criteria strategic outsourcing process. In addition, the upstream–downstream supply chain comparison increases our understanding how different supply chain members perform different outsourcing processes.

Originality/value
This is one of the pioneering studies that compares the supply chain upstream–downstream perspectives to highlight logistics outsourcing similarities and differences. To the best of author’s knowledge, this is one of the first logistics outsourcing studies that identifies ISFs for strategic logistics outsourcing, provides the first IRMs for the strategic logistics factors and develops a new integrated approach for strategic logistics outsourcing
KMS re-contextualization – recognizing learnings from OMIS research
Authors: Mühlburger Manuel , Oppl Stefan , Stary Christian 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Deployment of knowledge management systems (KMSs) suffers from low adoption in organizational reality that is attributed to a lack of perceivable added value for people in actual work situations. Poor task/technology fit in the process of knowledge retrieval appears to be a major factor influencing this issue. Existing research indicates a lack of re-contextualizing stored information provided by KMSs in a particular situation. Existing research in the area of organizational memory information systems (OMISs) has thoroughly examined and widely discussed the topic of re-contextualization. The purpose of this paper, thus, is to examine how KMS design can benefit from OMIS research on approaches for re-contextualization in knowledge retrieval.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines OMIS literature and inductively derives a categorization scheme for KMS according to their strategy of re-contextualizing knowledge. The authors have validated the scheme validated in a multiple case study that examines the differentiatory value of the scheme for approaches with various re-contextualization strategies.

Findings
The classification scheme allows a step-by-step selection of approaches for re-contextualization of information in KMS design and development derived from OMIS research. The case study has demonstrated the applicability of the developed scheme and shows that the differentiation criteria can be applied unambiguously.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen case study approach for validation, the validation results may lack generalizability.

Practical implications
The scheme enables an informed selection of KMSs appropriate for a particular OMIS use case, as the scheme’s attributes serve as design rationale for a certain architecture or constellation of components. Developers can not only select from various approaches when designing re-contextualizaton but also come up with rationales for each candidate because of structured representation. Hence, stakeholders can be supported in a more informed way and design KMSs more effectively along organizational change processes.

Originality/value
The paper addresses an identified need for systematic characterization of KMS approaches and systems intending to meet the objectives of OMISs. As such, it allows streamlining further research in this field, as approaches can be judged according to their originality and positioned relative to each other.
Light competition explains diversity decline better than niche dimensionality
Authors: DeMalach Niv , Kadmon Ronen 
Published: September 2017

Summary

One of the most widely documented patterns in plant ecology is the decrease in species diversity following nutrient enrichment. A long‐standing explanation for this diversity decline is an increase in the relative importance of size‐asymmetric light competition which accelerates the rate of competitive exclusion (the ‘light asymmetry hypothesis’).

Recently, an alternative hypothesis has been proposed which attributes the negative effect of nutrient enrichment on species diversity to a reduction in the number of limiting resources (i.e. a reduced niche ‘dimensionality’). A recent global‐scale experiment demonstrating that increasing the number of added resources leads to a decrease in species diversity was interpreted as a support for this ‘niche dimension hypothesis’.

Here we highlight a number of theoretical considerations that question this interpretation and demonstrate that a deeper analysis of the new global‐scale dataset provides a stronger support for the light asymmetry hypothesis.