bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of liposomal bupivacaine in cats undergoing gastrointestinal surgery is associated with lower doses of full µ-opioid agonists postoperatively
Authors: Andrews Camille , Williams Rachel , Berger Ashton , Burneko Marie 
Published: October 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the association of the administration of liposomal bupivacaine (Nocita) with postoperative opioid use in cats undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, as well as to analyze the administration of antiemetics postoperatively in this study population to qualify the degree of nausea related to opioid administration. Methods Records of 187 cats undergoing gastrointestinal surgery across two institutions, the Matthew J Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital, were analyzed for multilayer liposomal bupivacaine infiltration at the time of abdominal closure, postoperative injectable opioid use and postoperative injectable antiemetic use. Results Cats that were administered liposomal bupivacaine at the time of abdominal closure received significantly lower doses of full µ-opioid agonists postoperatively. Significantly more cats that received liposomal bupivacaine were managed with full µ + partial µ-opioid agonists postoperatively than any other opioid profile. Cats that received liposomal bupivacaine received lower doses of ondansetron in hospital compared with cats that did not receive liposomal bupivacaine. Conclusions and relevance This study suggests that in cats requiring analgesia postoperatively, the use of liposomal bupivacaine at closure reduces the use of full µ-opioid agonists postoperatively. In addition, more patients that received liposomal bupivacaine were de-escalated from full µ-opioid agonists to partial µ-opioid agonists during their hospital stay, suggesting that less analgesia was required throughout their hospitalization. Lastly, lower doses of ondansetron, a typical second-line antinausea medication after gastrointestinal surgery, were used in cats that received liposomal bupivacaine, which may suggest less postoperative nausea.
Public perspectives on the benefits and harms of lung cancer screening: A systematic review and mixed-method integrative synthesis
Authors: Pahwa Manisha , Cernat Alexandra , Abelson Julia , Demers Paul A , Schwartz Lisa , Shen Katrina , Chowdhury Mehreen , Higgins Caroline , Vanstone Meredith 
Published: October 2024

Objective Screening for lung cancer with low dose computed tomography aims to reduce lung cancer mortality, but there is a lack of knowledge about how target populations consider its potential benefits and harms. Methods We conducted a systematic review of primary empirical studies published in any jurisdiction since 2002 using an integrative meta-synthesis technique. We searched six health and social science databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and potentially eligible full-text studies. Quantitative assessments and open-ended perspectives on benefits and harms were extracted and convergently integrated at analysis using a narrative approach. Study quality was assessed. Results The review included 26 quantitative, 18 qualitative, and 5 mixed methods studies. Study quality was acceptable. Lung cancer screening was widely perceived to be personally beneficial for early detection and reassurance. Radiation exposure and screening accuracy were recognised as harms, but these were frequently considered to be justified by early detection of lung cancer. Stigma, anxiety, and fear related to screening procedures and results were pervasive among current smokers. People with low incomes reported not participating in screening because of potential out-of-pocket costs and geographic access. Conclusions Populations targeted for lung cancer screening tended to consider screening as personally beneficial and rationalised physical, but not psychological, harms. Screening programmes should be clear about benefits, use non-stigmatising design, and consider equity as a guiding principle.
Analysis of risk factors and prediction model construction for varicella encephalitis in children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Ce , Tang Li , Guo Dandan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for varicella encephalitis in children and establish a predictive model. Methods This retrospective cohort study included a varicella encephalitis group ( n = 75) and a varicella-non-encephalitis group ( n = 135). Logistic regression analysis was employed to find risk factors for varicella encephalitis and create a predictive model. Results Older age, vomiting, poor mental status, and prolonged rash duration were independent risk factors for varicella encephalitis ( p < .05). The predictive model for varicella encephalitis combined above four factors. The ROC curve of the predictive model showed an area under the curve of 0.955 (95% CI 0.925–0.986) for varicella encephalitis in children with a sensitivity of 94.7%, and a specificity of 86.0%. Conclusion Children with varicella who are older, experience vomiting, exhibit poor mental status, or have a prolonged rash duration should be closely monitored clinically. The predictive model combining these four factors demonstrates good predictive efficiency.
A systematic review: Which psycho-social-environmental factors do autistic students identify as being important for positive experiences in mainstream secondary school?
Authors: McKinlay Marisa , Thorpe David , Cage Eilidh , Grainger Catherine , Jasper Carol , Stewart Mary 
Published: October 2024

Mainstream secondary school can be a challenging environment for autistic students, in part due to social and sensory factors. Research to date has focussed on identifying the negative aspects of school experience; however, few studies have identified factors that promote positive experiences. We take a neuro-affirmative approach when exploring how schools can support autistic students, informed by both the social and the human rights models of disability. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies in which autistic adolescents and adults identified factors that related to positive experiences in mainstream secondary school. We identified 117 relevant studies and 36 met inclusion criteria. Through thematic synthesis, we developed overarching themes: ‘Understanding and Acceptance’, ‘Environments that suit me’ and ‘Agency to meet my needs’, with additional subthemes. This study identified that agency, understanding and acceptance by both staff and peers, as well as access to engaging activities, were key factors in creating a positive and supportive environment for autistic students. Adaptation to both the social and sensory contexts were important to meet the needs of autistic students. The findings suggest that policy and practice should focus on creating a positive environment in schools for autistic students, in addition to addressing current challenges. Lay abstract Research has shown that many autistic students do not thrive in mainstream secondary schools. Often studies focus on the challenges autistic people face rather than what supports thriving. We reviewed published articles, exploring what factors helped autistic people create a positive experience in school from their own perspective. We identified 36 studies and analysed the direct quotes made by autistic adolescents and adults in these studies. Factors important for positive experience included the autistic student feeling understood and accepted by adults and peers in school, being able to shape sensory and social environments in ways that suited them and accessing engaging activities. This review highlighted ways in which schools can become more inclusive and positive environments for autistic students.
Unmet need for autism-aware care for gynaecological, menstrual and sexual wellbeing
Authors: de Visser Richard O , Mosely Rachel , Gamble-Turner Julie , Hull Laura , Sedgewick Felicity , Featherstone Charlotte , Quint OBE Chella , Freeman Eloise , Karavidas Marianna 
Published: October 2024

Autism can make menstruation and menopause and other aspects of reproductive and sexual health (RSH) more difficult. However, healthcare professionals (HCPs) often fail to provide autism-aware care, and often lack the skills or confidence to discuss RSH with patients. This study explored whether autistic people experience particular difficulties and have unmet needs when seeking RSH care. Online surveys consisting of forced-choice items and free-text boxes were completed by 136 autistic adults in the United Kingdom. Quantitative data were analysed using standard parametric and non-parametric tests. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The data provide a clear picture of unmet needs for autism-aware healthcare for RSH. The quantitative data and qualitative analysis revealed that respondents felt: (a) uncomfortable discussing menstrual issues, menopause and sexual wellbeing; (b) that HCPs rarely accommodate their sensory needs and communication preferences; and (c) that HCPs rarely demonstrated awareness of how autism can affect RSH. This novel study highlighted widespread unmet needs for appropriate RSH care for autistic people. Effort is required to enhance HCPs’ ability to provide autism-aware care for RSH. The findings could inform the development of resources and training to improve healthcare for autistic people. Lay abstract Autistic people often experience difficulties with healthcare, and are more likely than neurotypical people to have unmet healthcare needs. They may also be more likely to find menstruation and menopause more difficult than neurotypical women. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) often have insufficient training and support to work with autistic adults, and they often lack the skills or confidence to discuss reproductive and sexual health (RSH) with patients. When these two issues are combined, it would appear that autistic people may experience particular difficulties when seeking RSH care. The aim of this study was to explore autistic people’s experiences of healthcare related to RSH in the United Kingdom. Surveys were distributed with assistance of an autism charity, and were completed by 136 adults. The survey consisted mainly of tick-box responses, but there were also several opportunities for participants to write comments about their experiences. Respondents felt that HCPs almost never seem to know how autism affects their RSH. There was broad agreement that HCPs need to be more aware of the impact of autism on healthcare experiences in general, and the specific impacts of autism on RSH. The data provide a clear picture of unmet needs for autism-aware healthcare for RSH, but further research is required to explore HCPs’ knowledge about how autism affects RSH. Combined with our findings, such research could inform the development of resources and training to improve healthcare for autistic people.
A factor analysis based automatic optimization method of vibration sensor points for ship acoustic reconstruction
Authors: Ye Linchang , Liu Yun , Tong Zongpeng , Xia Zhaowang , Fan Wenkun , Zhang Chunyu , Guo Junhua , Shen Jianping 
Published: October 2024

To address the challenge associated with optimizing the number and positioning of accelerometer points in ship acoustic reconstruction, factor analysis is applied to the automatic optimization of accelerometer position in this work according to the source independence of ship’s underwater radiated noise. Based on the numerical simulation method that calculates the vibration noise response under specific operation conditions, the minimum number and the optimal position of the accelerometers can be obtained through the factor analysis and multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation method. The results of acoustic reconfiguration and testing are compared using one test cabin as a validation object to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the automatic optimization algorithm can improve the reconstruction accuracy concerning the uniform distribution method. The error is reduced from 15.46% (1.5 dB) to 8.35% (0.8 dB), and the correlation coefficient is improved from 0.86 to 0.89. The semi-automatic optimization method is slightly lower in terms of errors and correlation coefficients compared to the automatic optimization algorithm. After increasing the number of monitoring positions for automatic optimization, the acoustic reconstruction accuracy is further improved, while the average error is reduced to 7.37% (0.7 dB) and the correlation coefficient is improved from 0.89 to 0.92. The experimental results are proximate to the conclusions of the simulation calculation. Even under the circumstance of multi-factor noise interference, the correlation coefficient of multi-position automatic optimization can still reach 0.8, in comparison with the uniform distribution method, the error is reduced from 32.49% (3.4 dB) to 25.94% (2.6 dB). The proposed method effectively captures the dynamic characteristics of complex structures and their impact on underwater radiated noise, and the integration of factor analysis can prominently enhance the computational efficiency, thereby providing technical support for engineering applications to the ship acoustic reconstruction.
How “helping” can sustain the stigmatization of homeless people
Authors: Kostrzyńska Małgorzata , Littlechild Brian 
Published: October 2024

Summary The article presents findings of an ethnographic study carried out in Poland with homeless people living on the street and in a hostel. Interpretative orientation was used to ensure the opportunity to gain in-depth knowledge about their perspectives. The paper has two aims. First, it reconstructs the limits and risks of “(un)helpful help” and its impact on experiences of stigma. Second, it addresses how good intentions and policy efforts can have negative consequences, drawing on data from two separate research studies. The first research included seven male homeless people living on city streets. The second was carried out with 20 homeless people served by an agency working for homeless people. A qualitative methodology was employed for this critical ethnography, according to which the authors analyzed the data using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Findings The research revealed a number of support measures which, instead of positively changing their situation from the participants’ points of view, can exacerbate it by further stigmatizing homeless people with support based on helpers’ stigmatizing approaches which can compound homeless people's negative experiences of “help.” Applications An understanding of the mechanisms of structural and systemic stigmatization from the participants’ perspectives can help shift responsibility for their situation away from homeless people themselves toward society's responsibility as a whole. It highlights how there needs to be a change of consciousness and approaches within assistance systems, shifting the balance from an asymmetrical to a symmetrical relationship based on partnership and collaboration.
Social workers’ perspectives on anti-Black racism and parenting outcomes for incarcerated pregnant women with substance use histories
Authors: Martinez Noelle G , Kramer Camille T , Hayes Crystal M , Motlagh-Harvey Audry S , Tikofsky Shira Y , Sufrin Carolyn B 
Published: October 2024

Summary Black women who use substances face significant barriers to accessing resources and parenting their children, largely as a result of interactions with the criminal legal, child welfare, and healthcare systems. While extensive literature has demonstrated how structural racism and punitive policy approaches underpin the operation and impact of these systems, minimal attention has been paid to how social workers approach child, maternal, and family well-being when interacting with clients who use substances and have been incarcerated. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 19 social workers practicing in jail/prison, community, and hospital settings across the United States. Findings Interviews identified the cyclical and intergenerational nature of harms perpetuated through criminal legal, child welfare, and healthcare systems. Participants described structural racism, inadequate resources (i.e., housing), and previous criminal legal and child welfare involvement as compounding barriers to an individual’s ability to parent and maintain recovery, particularly among Black families. Participants described the pervasiveness of structural racism but did not perceive themselves as active participants in perpetuating racist and oppressive structures. Applications Social workers engage with Black pregnant women who use substances across diverse practice settings and as such have the potential to both contribute to systemic harms and to champion interventions that target the root causes of inequity. Study findings support structural interventions that dismantle punitive systems and re-center the needs of Black communities, thereby supporting Black mothers in their fundamental right to parent their children.
Persistent Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After RYGB: What Shall we do Next?
Authors: Peristeri Dimitra V. , Rowdhwal Sai Sandeep Singh 
Published: October 2024

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the weight loss procedure of choice for obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The long-term prevalence of GORD after RYGB for obesity is underestimated as many post-RYGB patients can still complain of severe reflux symptoms, refractory to medications. Methods This is a narrative review using the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and study strategy. The literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, GORD, Obesity, Gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, complication, and fundoplication. Results Twelve original papers and case report studies on 57 patients who met the inclusion criteria were suitable for the present review. Reporting styles on successful treatment outcomes were heterogeneous. Treatment options for these patients are limited but include further surgical or endoscopic interventions. Careful follow-up and appropriate management are paramount for this population. Conclusion There is significant paucity in the available evidence on managing GORD after RYGB. This narrative review provides a detailed overview of the underlying causes, discusses the various endoscopic and surgical therapy options, and suggests strategies to provide tailored and appropriate therapy for this complex group of patients.
Informing community pharmacists on COPD case-finding methods: A scoping review
Authors: Idowu Omowumi , Sebastianski Meghan , Kung Janice Y. , Yuksel Nese , Schindel Theresa J. , Tsuyuki Ross T. , So Randy , Makhinova Tatiana 
Published: October 2024

Background: Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a strategy to address the increasing human and economic costs of this condition. This study aimed to inform pharmacists’ case-finding strategies by providing an overview of case-finding approaches by health care practitioners. Methods: A scoping review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA ScR) guidelines. Included studies were analyzed under the following themes: population characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, setting, case-finding strategies and yield, health care practitioners involved, interprofessional collaboration and the provision of preventive services. Studies were then characterized by highest yields (the weighted average of each approach expressed as a percentage of the total number of new COPD cases divided by the total number of patients screened using the same approach). Results: The screening process produced 170 eligible studies. Twenty case-finding approaches with average yields of new COPD cases ranging from 3.8% to 29% were identified. The approach with the highest yield involved the use of a questionnaire, peak flow meter and pre–post spirometry. In 14 of these approaches, the process was initiated with the use of questionnaires. In many of the studies, case-finding was targeted at high-risk and/or symptomatic patients. Characteristics of studies with the highest case-finding yields included provider education/training, patient education, active screening, multistep approaches to case-finding, provider engagement, diagnostic criteria by guidelines and engagement of other health care practitioners. Conclusion: In our scoping review of case-finding methods for patients with COPD, we found the greatest yield from pre–post spirometry following initial screening with a peak flow meter and questionnaire. Pharmacists and health researchers can use these approaches to identify high-risk patients for interventions.
Successful completion of large, low-cost randomized cancer trials at an academic cancer center
Authors: Vickers Andrew J , Ehdaie Behfar , Tokita Hanae K , Nelson Jonas , Matros Evan , Pusic Andrea L , D’Angelica Michael 
Published: October 2024

Background: Concerns about low accrual have long been a standard part of the discourse on cancer clinical trials, reaching even as far as the news media. Indeed, so many trials are closed before completing accrual that a cottage industry has recently developed creating statistical models to predict trial failure. We previously proposed four methodologic fixes for the current crisis in clinical trials: (1) dramatically reducing the number of eligibility criteria, (2) using data routinely collected in clinical practice for trial endpoints; then lowering barriers to accrual by (3) cluster randomization or (4) staged consent. Methods: We report our practical experience of applying these fixes to randomized trials at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Results: We have completed seven single-center randomized trials, with several more underway and accruing rapidly, with a total accrual approaching 10,000. Many of the trials have compared surgical interventions, an area where trials have traditionally been hard to complete. Only one of these trials was externally funded. While low costs were possible due to the existing research infrastructure at our institution, such infrastructure is common at major cancer centers. Conclusions: Further research on innovative clinical trial designs is warranted, particularly in higher-stakes settings, and in trials of medical and radiotherapy interventions.