bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income and Markers of Immunological Cellular Aging
Authors: Aiello Allison E. , Feinstein Lydia , Dowd Jennifer B. , Pawelec Graham , Derhovanessian Evelyna , Galea Sandro , Uddin Monica , Wildman Derek E. , Simanek Amanda M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveSocioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to poor health through immune-related biological mechanisms. We examined the associations between socioeconomic status, as measured by annual household income, and T-cell markers of aging, including the ratios of CD4 and CD8 effector cells to naïve cells (E/N ratio) and the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio. We hypothesized that participants with a lower income would have higher E/N ratios and lower CD4/CD8 ratios compared with participants with a higher income, and that these associations would be partially mediated by elevated cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody levels, a virus implicated in aging and clonal expansion of T cells.MethodsData were from 79 individuals who participated in the population-based Detroit Neighborhood Health Study. We used linear regression to quantify the association between a $10,000 decrease in income and each ratio outcome.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, race, smoking, medication use, and lifetime history of mental health conditions, lower income was associated with a 0.41 (95% confidence interval = 0.09–0.72) log-unit increase in the CD4 E/N ratio and a 0.20 (95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.39) log-unit increase in the CD8 E/N ratio. CMV immunoglobulin G antibody level partially mediated these associations.ConclusionsOur study suggests that low socioeconomic status is associated with immunological aging as measured by the E/N ratio and that impaired immune control of CMV may partially mediate these associations.
Associations Among Child Abuse, Depression, and Interleukin-6 in Pregnant Adolescents: Paradoxical Findings
Authors: Walsh Kate , Basu Archana , Werner Elizabeth , Lee Seonjoo , Feng Tianshu , Osborne Lauren M. , Rainford Ashley , Gilchrist Michelle , Monk Catherine 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveLimited data exist on child abuse–related immune variation during pregnancy, despite implications for maternal and infant health and extensive data showing that abuse history and depression are related to increased inflammation in other populations. This study examined associations among child abuse, depression, circulating levels of inflammatory markers, and perinatal health in pregnant adolescents, a group at high risk for childhood abuse and poor birth outcomes.MethodsPregnant teenagers (n= 133; 14–19 years; 89.5% Latina) reported on abuse and depression and had two blood draws (24–27 and 34–37 gestational weeks, second and third trimesters, respectively) for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein; birth outcomes were collected.ResultsAbuse and depression interacted to predict higher IL-6 at second trimester (B= 0.006,p= .011) such that severely abused adolescents with high depression had higher IL-6 relative to severely abused adolescents with low depression; depression did not differentiate IL-6 levels for those with low abuse severity. Abuse and IL-6 also interacted to predict gestational age at birth (B= 0.004,p= .040) such that those with low abuse and high IL-6 and those with high abuse and low IL-6 had infants with earlier gestational age at birth. Cortisol at the second trimester mediated the association between IL-6 and gestational age at birth (indirect effect estimate=−0.143,p< .039).ConclusionsDepression severity distinguished IL-6 levels among more severely abused pregnant Latina adolescents, but it was unrelated to IL-6 among less severely abused adolescents. Cortisol explained the relationship between IL-6 and earlier gestational age at birth. Multiple adversities and inflammation may influence birth outcomes and potentially affect intergenerational health.
Major Depression and Long-Term Survival of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Freedland Kenneth E. , Hesseler Michael J. , Carney Robert M. , Steinmeyer Brian C. , Skala Judith A. , Dávila-Román Victor G. , Rich Michael W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Previous studies have found that depression predicts all-cause mortality in heart failure (HF), but little is known about its effect on long-term survival. This study examined the effects of depression on long-term survival in patients with HF.

Methods
Patients hospitalized with HF (n = 662) at an urban academic medical center were enrolled in a prospective cohort study between January 1994 and July 1999. Depression was assessed on a structured interview during the index hospitalization and on quarterly interviews for 1 year after discharge. Patients were classified at index as having Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition major depressive disorder (n = 131), minor depression (n = 106), or no depression (n = 425). Clinical data and the National Death Index were used to identify date of death or last known contact through December 19, 2014, up to 20 years after the index hospitalization. The main outcome was time from enrollment to death from any cause.

Results
A total of 617 (94.1%) patients died during the follow-up period. Major depressive disorder was associated with higher all-cause mortality compared with no depression (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.27–2.11, p = .0001). This association was stronger than that of any of the established predictors of mortality that were included in the fully adjusted model. Patients with persistent or worsening depressive symptoms during the year after discharge were at greatest risk for death. The association between minor depression and survival was not significant.

Conclusions
Major depression is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with HF. Its effect persists for many years after the diagnosis of depression.
A gradiometric version of contactless inductive flow tomography: theory and first applications
Authors: Ratajczak Matthias , Wondrak Thomas , Stefani Frank 
Published: May 2016

The contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT) is a measurement technique that allows reconstructing the flow of electrically conducting fluids by measuring the flow-induced perturbations of one or various applied magnetic fields and solving the underlying inverse problem. One of the most promising application fields of CIFT is the continuous casting of steel, for which the online monitoring of the flow in the mould would be highly desirable. In previous experiments at a small-scale model of continuous casting, CIFT has been applied to various industrially relevant problems, including the sudden changes of flow structures in case of argon injection and the influence of a magnetic stirrer at the submerged entry nozzle. The application of CIFT in the presence of electromagnetic brakes, which are widely used to stabilize the flow in the mould, has turned out to be more challenging due to the extreme dynamic range between the strong applied brake field and the weak flow-induced perturbations of the measuring field. In this paper, we present a gradiometric version of CIFT, relying on gradiometric field measurements, that is capable to overcome those problems and which seems, therefore, a promising candidate for applying CIFT in the steel casting industry.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Supersensing through industrial process tomography’.
Multiphase permittivity imaging using absolute value electrical capacitance tomography data and a level set algorithm
Authors: Al Hosani E. , Soleimani M. 
Published: May 2016

Multiphase flow imaging is a very challenging and critical topic in industrial process tomography. In this article, simulation and experimental results of reconstructing the permittivity profile of multiphase material from data collected in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) are presented. A multiphase narrowband level set algorithm is developed to reconstruct the interfaces between three- or four-phase permittivity values. The level set algorithm is capable of imaging multiphase permittivity by using one set of ECT measurement data, so-called absolute value ECT reconstruction, and this is tested with high-contrast and low-contrast multiphase data. Simulation and experimental results showed the superiority of this algorithm over classical pixel-based image reconstruction methods. The multiphase level set algorithm and absolute ECT reconstruction are presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this paper and critically evaluated.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Supersensing through industrial process tomography’.
Synthesizer: Expediting synthesis studies from context-free data with natural language processing
Authors: Gandy Lisa , Gumm Jordan , Fertig Benjamin , Kennish Michael J. , Chavan Sameer , Thessen Ann , Marchionni Luigi , Xia Xiaoxan , Shankrit Shambhavi , Fertig Elana J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractToday’s low cost digital data provides unprecedented opportunities for scientific discovery from synthesis studies. For example, the medical field is revolutionizing patient care by creating personalized treatment plans based upon mining electronic medical records, imaging, and genomics data. Standardized annotations are essential to subsequent analyses for synthesis studies. However, accurately combining records from diverse studies requires tedious and error-prone human curation, posing a significant barrier to synthesis studies. We propose a novel natural language processing (NLP) algorithm, Synthesize, to merge data annotations automatically. Application to patient characteristics for diverse human cancers and ecological datasets demonstrates the accuracy of Synthesize in diverse scientific disciplines. This NLP approach is implemented in an open-source software package, Synthesizer. Synthesizer is a generalized, user-friendly system for error-free data merging.
Accuracy, speed and error tolerance of short DNA sequence aligners
Authors: Ziemann Mark 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAligning short DNA sequence reads to the genome is an early step in the processing of many types of genomics data, and impacts on the fidelity of downstream results. In this work, the accuracy, speed and tolerance to errors are evaluated in read of varied length for six commonly used mapping tools; BWA aln, BWA mem, Bowtie2, Soap2, Subread and STAR. The accuracy evaluation using Illumina-like simulated reads showed that accuracy varies by read length, but overall BWA aln was most accurate, followed by BWA mem and Bowtie2. BWA mem was most accurate with Ion Torrent-like read sets. STAR was at least 5 fold faster than Bowtie2 or BWA mem. BWA mem tolerated the highest density of mismatches and indels compared to other mappers. These data provide important accuracy and speed benchmarks for commonly used mapping software.
AlmostSignificant: Simplifying quality control of high-throughput sequencing data
Authors: Ward Joseph , Cole Christian , Febrer Melanie , Barton Geoffrey 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMotivationThe current generation of DNA sequencing technologies produce a large amount of data quickly. All of these data need to pass some form of quality control processing and checking before they can be used for any analysis. The large number of samples that are run through Illumina sequencing machines makes the process of quality control an onerous and time-consuming task that requires multiple pieces of information from several sources.ResultsAlmostSignificant is an open-source platform for aggregating multiple sources of quality metrics as well as meta-data associated with DNA sequencing runs from Illumina sequencing machines. AlmostSignificant is a graphical platform to streamline the quality control of DNA sequencing data, to collect and store these data for future reference and to collect extra meta-data associated with the sequencing runs to check for errors and monitor the volume of data produced by the associated machines. AlmostSignificant has been used to track the quality of over 80 sequencing runs covering over 2500 samples produced over the last three years.AvailabilityThe code and documentation for AlmostSignificant is freely available athttps://github.com/bartongroup/AlmostSignificant.Contactc.cole@dundee.ac.uk,g.j.barton@dundee.ac.uk
“A balancing act”: host leadership as a model for the police force
Authors: McKergow Mark , Miller Chris 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore a new way of thinking about leadership within the police force, moving away from the metaphor of the “hero” and focusing on the idea of a “host” leader.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the College of Policing Leadership Review (2015) to examine current approaches to leadership within the police force and considers how host leadership methods could benefit police at all levels.

Findings
There is a long-term challenge for the police force, as initial selection tends to test for heroic skills, whereas engagement and consensus building then become more important. As the need for more team-based, engaging approaches continues to drive leadership thinking in the UK’s police service, populating the service with individuals who are adept at drawing out the best in their teams, without treating them as foot soldiers, is crucial.

Originality/value
This paper is an original piece of research from Dr McKergow and Mr Miller.
Free convection in a square porous cavity filled with a nanofluid using thermal non equilibrium and Buongiorno models
Authors: Pop Ioan , Ghalambaz Mohammad , Sheremet Mikhail 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to theoretically analysis the steady-state natural convection flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in a square enclosure filled with a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid considering local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effects. Different local temperatures for the solid phase of the nanoparticles, the solid phase of porous matrix and the liquid phase of the base fluid are taken into account.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Buongiorno’s model, incorporating the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects, is utilized to take into account the migration of nanoparticles. Using appropriate non-dimensional variables, the governing equations are transformed into the non-dimensional form, and the finite element method is utilized to solve the governing equations.

Findings
– The results show that the increase of buoyancy ratio parameter (Nr) decreases the magnitude of average Nusselt number. The increase of the nanoparticles-fluid interface heat transfer parameter (Nhp) increases the average Nusselt number for nanoparticles and decreases the average Nusselt number for the base fluid. The nanofluid and porous matrix with large values of modified thermal capacity ratios (γ
p
and γ
s
) are of interest for heat transfer applications.

Originality/value
– The three phases of nanoparticles, base fluid and the porous matrix are in the LTNE. The effect of mass transfer of nanoparticles due to the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are also taken into account.
Nonlinear eigenvalue problem in the integral transforms solution of convection-diffusion with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Cotta Renato M , Naveira-Cotta Carolina Palma , Knupp Diego C. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose the generalized integral transform technique (GITT) to the solution of convection-diffusion problems with nonlinear boundary conditions by employing the corresponding nonlinear eigenvalue problem in the construction of the expansion basis.

Design/methodology/approach
– The original nonlinear boundary condition coefficients in the problem formulation are all incorporated into the adopted eigenvalue problem, which may be itself integral transformed through a representative linear auxiliary problem, yielding a nonlinear algebraic eigenvalue problem for the associated eigenvalues and eigenvectors, to be solved along with the transformed ordinary differential system. The nonlinear eigenvalues computation may also be accomplished by rewriting the corresponding transcendental equation as an ordinary differential system for the eigenvalues, which is then simultaneously solved with the transformed potentials.

Findings
– An application on one-dimensional transient diffusion with nonlinear boundary condition coefficients is selected for illustrating some important computational aspects and the convergence behavior of the proposed eigenfunction expansions. For comparison purposes, an alternative solution with a linear eigenvalue problem basis is also presented and implemented.

Originality/value
– This novel approach can be further extended to various classes of nonlinear convection-diffusion problems, either already solved by the GITT with a linear coefficients basis, or new challenging applications with more involved nonlinearities.
Analysis of entropy generation in an inclined channel flow containing two immiscible micropolar fluids using HAM
Authors: Srinivas J. , Murthy J.V. Ramana , Chamkha Ali J 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the flow, heat transfer and entropy generation characteristics for an inclined channel of two immiscible micropolar fluids.

Design/methodology/approach
– The flow region consists of two zones, the flow of the heavier fluid taking place in the lower zone. The flow is assumed to be governed by Eringen’s micropolar fluid flow equation. The resulting governing equations are then solved using the homotopy analysis method.

Findings
– The following findings are concluded: first, the entropy generation rate is more near the plates in both the zones as compared to that of the interface. This indicates that the friction due to surface on the fluids increases entropy generation rate. Second, the entropy generation rate is more near the plate in Zone I than that of Zone II. This may be due to the fact that the fluid in Zone I is more viscous. This indicates the more the viscosity of the fluid is, the more the entropy generation. Third, Bejan number is the maximum at the interface of the fluids. This indicates that the amount of exergy (available energy) is maximum and irreversibility is minimized at the interface between the fluids. Fourth, as micropolarity increases, entropy generation rate near the plates decreases and irreversibility decreases. This indicates an important industrial application for micropolar fluids to use them as a good lubricant.

Originality/value
– The problem is original as no work has been reported on entropy generation in an inclined channel with two immiscible micropolar fluids.
Multi-scale thermal modeling of glass interposer for mobile electronics application
Authors: Cho Sangbeom , Sundaram Venky , Tummala Rao , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The functionality of personal mobile electronics continues to increase, in turn driving the demand for higher logic-to-memory bandwidth. However, the number of inputs/outputs supported by the current packaging technology is limited by the smallest achievable electrical line spacing, and the associated noise performance. Also, a growing trend in mobile systems is for the memory chips to be stacked to address the growing demand for memory bandwidth, which in turn gives rise to heat removal challenges. The glass interposer substrate is a promising packaging technology to address these emerging demands, because of its many advantages over the traditional organic substrate technology. However, glass has a fundamental limitation, namely low thermal conductivity (∼1 W/m K). The purpose of this paper is to quantify the thermal performance of glass interposer-based electronic packages by solving a multi-scale heat transfer problem for an interposer structure. Also, this paper studies the possible improvement in thermal performance by integrating a fluidic heat spreader or vapor chamber within the interposer.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper illustrates the multi-scale modeling approach applied for different components of the interposer, including Through Package Vias (TPVs) and copper traces. For geometrically intricate and repeating structures, such as interconnects and TPVs, the unit cell effective thermal conductivity approach was used. For non-repeating patterns, such as copper traces in redistribution layer, CAD drawing-based thermal resistance network analysis was used. At the end, the thermal performance of vapor chamber integrated within a glass interposer was estimated by using an enhanced effective thermal conductivity, calculated from the published thermal resistance data, in conjunction with the analytical expression for thermal resistance for a given geometry of the vapor chamber.

Findings
– The limitations arising from the low thermal conductivity of glass can be addressed by using copper structures and vapor chamber technology.

Originality/value
– A few reports can be found on thermal performance of glass interposers. However thermal characteristics of glass interposer with advanced cooling technology have not been reported.
CFD simulations of transport phenomena during transcritical flow of real fluid (CO2) within ejector
Authors: Nowak Andrzej J , Palacz Michal , Smolka Jacek , Banasiak Krzysztof , Bulinski Zbigniew , Fic Adam , Hafner Armin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to overview successful approaches to the computational simulation of real fluid (R744 – carbon dioxide (CO2)) flow within an ejector is presented. Important issues such as the ejector geometry and its optimisation, the adapted equations of state and the proposed models of the process, fluid parameters, etc., are examined and critically discussed. Whenever possible, the discussed models are experimentally validated. In the conclusion, some trends in future research are pointed out.

Design/methodology/approach
– Flow within CO2 ejector is generally transcritical and compressible. Models existing in the literature are shortly described and critically compared. Whenever possible, those models were validated against the experimental data. In a model validation process, the primary and secondary mass flow rates as well as the pressures at the selected points in the mixing section and diffuser were compared, showing a satisfactory agreement between experimental and computational results.

Findings
– Developed CO2 ejector flow models are tested in few industrial applications. All these initiatives bring solutions which are interesting and very promising from technological point of view.

Originality/value
– This is an extensive overview of successful approaches to computational simulation of the real fluid (R744 – CO2) flow within ejector. It brings many useful information.