bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomorphic river classifications based on different methods coincide in predicting fish assemblage structure
Authors: Bañales‐Seguel Camila , Górski Konrad , Zurita Alejandra , Manosalva Aliro , Toledo Bárbara , Díaz Gustavo , Habit Evelyn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRiver classification is a necessary starting point for understanding river ecosystems and developing management guidelines. Using GIS to analyse an Andean river basin, we compare the application of two geomorphic classification methods at the segment scale: The Geomorphic Units Survey Classification System (GUS) and the Functional Process Zones (FPZ). Segment definition follows a manual procedure in GUS and a semi‐automated procedure in FPZ. Our objective was to assess the relationship between geomorphology and fish assemblages' structure. Fish sampling was carried out in collaboration with participants from local indigenous Mapuche‐Pewenche communities. Non‐parametric multivariate statistical analyses were conducted in order to quantify and describe geomorphic patterns and whether fish assemblages responded consistently with river classifications. Both classifications give insight into the physical characteristics of rivers, such as slope and floodplain width, that make habitat available for different fish assemblages. The two methods provide results that consistently coincide in their identification of geographic distribution and main geomorphic variables of different river types (geomorphic types) throughout the river network. The variation of different river geomorphologies was associated with variation in fish assemblage structure. Geomorphic variables that best characterize the distribution pattern of fish assemblages were elevation, confinement and valley floor width. Confined rivers accommodated highly similar fish assemblages dominated by invasive trout (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss). Unconfined rivers located at higher elevations had greater temporal variability and were mainly composed of trout and native catfish Trichomycterus areolatus. Semiconfined rivers presented the highest geomorphic variability and were associated with high spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages characterized by both native and non‐native species. The association between fish assemblages and fluvial geomorphology could help in prioritizing rivers for exotic fish species control. These findings should aid in restoring highly intervened Andean rivers and improving management techniques in basins with a variety of human activities.
Quercetin: Potential antidiabetic effects through enzyme inhibition and starch digestibility
Authors: Günal‐Köroğlu Deniz , Catalkaya Gizem , Yusufoğlu Büşra , Kezer Gizem , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Capanoglu Esra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus involves high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin action. Furthermore, enzymes such as α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase break down carbohydrates into glucose, leading to postprandial hyperglycemia. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin, inhibit these enzymes, slowing carbohydrate digestion and reducing glucose absorption. Quercetin has significant hypoglycemic effects with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values comparable to acarbose, a standard inhibitor, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for diabetes management. In silico models, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) approaches, help researchers understand the molecular interactions of therapeutic agents. These techniques identify potential inhibitors, determine enzyme‐inhibitor structures, and calculate binding energies, correlating findings with in vitro or in vivo data. Molecular docking predicts molecular orientations, MD simulations offer insights into enzyme–inhibitor dynamics, and QSAR models predict inhibitory potential based on structural properties. Studies have shown that quercetin effectively inhibits α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase by forming hydrogen bonds with specific amino acid residues. Quercetin interacts with starches and reduces their digestibility, increases the formation of resistant starch, lowers the glycemic index, and inhibits digestive enzymes. Studies show that the effects of quercetin on starch digestion vary with concentration and type of starch, and its incorporation into foods such as bakery products, pasta, etc. can significantly decrease starch hydrolysis. The incorporation of quercetin into starch matrices may aid in the development of functional foods aimed at improving glycemic control.
Rare huge bilateral adrenal myelolipoma confused with retroperitoneal liposarcoma
Authors: Ito Kana , Yamashita Ryo , Sakura Yuma , Shinsaka Hideo , Nakamura Masafumi , Matsuzaki Masato , Niwakawa Masashi , Hiraki Tsubasa 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionAdrenal myelolipomas are uncommon benign adrenal tumors, which mostly occur unilaterally. We describe a rare case of giant bilateral adrenal myelolipoma mistaken for retroperitoneal liposarcoma.Case presentationA 49‐year‐old man developed fever, left flank pain, and a large mass in his left abdomen. Plain computed tomography showed a 23‐cm mass with fat‐containing components in the retroperitoneal cavity, suggestive of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. A similar 9‐cm mass was observed in the right adrenal gland, suggesting adrenal metastasis. With a clinical diagnosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma, we administered preoperative radiation therapy and performed a bilateral tumor resection. On postoperative day 9, a surgical site infection occurred, necessitating incisional drainage and the administration of intravenous antibiotics. The histopathological diagnosis was bilateral myelolipoma of the adrenal glands.ConclusionIn cases of bilateral retroperitoneal tumors with a large fat component, adrenal myelolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid overtreatment.
Enhanced Performance Analysis of 120 Gbps Single‐Channel IQ Modulation Based PDM‐FSO Transmission System Using 64‐QAM Signals
Authors: Pillai Samaya , M Karthikeyan , S Lakshmisridevi , M Vignesh , R Dhivya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe ever‐augmenting demand of data channel‐bandwidth by the end users has resulted in the exploration of new transmission techniques for wireless transmission networks. In this work, we have demonstrated the modeling of a single‐channel free space optics (FSO) transmission system by employing polarization‐division‐multiplexing (PDM) technique. Further, in‐phase‐quadrature modulation (IQM) has been used to increase the transmission efficiency of the system. To decrease the baud‐rate of the system, we have proposed the use of 64‐level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. The net transmission rate of the system is 120 Gbps with a baud‐rate of 10 Gbps. Furthermore, the overcome the signal degradation of the 120 Gbps signal propagating through atmospheric channel, we have reported the use of advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. The system's performance is investigated for adverse external climate weather conditions and the results reported show reliable 120 Gbps data transmission along range between 870 m and 16.25 km with good performance of BER and EVM  7.5%.
Therapeutic overview of sudachitin
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Sikarwar Om , Verma Aanchal , Solanki Kunal , Mishra Manoj Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCitrus fruits are extensively cultivated and eaten both raw and in refined forms. Citrus fruit peels are highly concentrated in polyphenolic substances. This makes them useful resources. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), found in citrus peels, belong to a specific subclass of flavonoids where most or all hydroxyl groups are methylated. PMFs have been documented to possess chemopreventive actions, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐atherosclerosis properties, as well as neuroprotective effects. Sudachitin, a PMF, is primarily found in Citrus sudachi. Japan's Tokushima prefecture is home to this famous fruit. In recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers in exploring the potential health benefits of sudachitin, spurred by its presence in traditional diets and its association with various positive health outcomes. Studies conducted over the past decade have revealed promising effects of sudachitin in multiple health conditions, including cancer, skin disorders, inflammatory conditions, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although these promising results exist, there is still a need for thorough preclinical and clinical research to confirm sudachitin's effectiveness in treating chronic conditions. This review seeks to summarize animal and cell studies exploring sudachitin's pharmacological properties and the potential molecular pathways underlying its therapeutic effects. Through this, we aim to clarify the clinical potential of sudachitin across various disorders, paving the way for future research and the development of sudachitin‐based therapies.
N‐terminomics profiling of naïve and inflamed murine colon reveals proteolytic signatures of legumain
Authors: Ziegler Alexander R. , Anderson Bethany M. , Latorre Rocco , McQuade Rachel M. , Dufour Antoine , Schmidt Brian L. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Scott Nichollas E. , Edgington‐Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLegumain is a cysteine protease broadly associated with inflammation. It has been reported to cleave and activate protease‐activated receptor 2 to provoke pain associated with oral cancer. Outside of gastric and colon cancer, little has been reported on the roles of legumain within the gastrointestinal tract. Using a legumain‐selective activity‐based probe, LE28, we report that legumain is activated within colonocytes and macrophages of the murine colon, and that it is upregulated in models of acute experimental colitis. We demonstrated that loss of legumain activity in colonocytes, either through pharmacological inhibition or gene deletion, had no impact on epithelial permeability in vitro. Moreover, legumain inhibition or deletion had no obvious impacts on symptoms or histological features associated with dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis, suggesting its proteolytic activity is dispensable for colitis initiation. To gain insight into potential functions of legumain within the colon, we performed field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry‐facilitated quantitative proteomics and N‐terminomics analyses on naïve and inflamed colon tissue from wild‐type and legumain‐deficient mice. We identified 16 altered cleavage sites with an asparaginyl endopeptidase signature that may be direct substrates of legumain and a further 16 cleavage sites that may be indirectly mediated by legumain. We also analyzed changes in protein abundance and proteolytic events broadly associated with colitis in the gut, which permitted comparison to recent analyses on mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Collectively, these results shed light on potential functions of legumain and highlight its potential roles in the transition from inflammation to colorectal cancer.
The Clinical Application of Superb Microvascular Imaging in Evaluating Thyroid Related Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ji Jiaqi , Tang Enyu , Wang Ya'ni , Shi Xinlong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article reviews all published articles on the application of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) technique in thyroid related diseases before December 31, 2023. SMI, a recently developed ultrasound imaging modality, could display microvascular information by eliminating clutter and preserving low flow signals. Most studies used SMI to help diagnose malignant thyroid nodules and concluded that SMI performed better than color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging. At present, there is no consensus when depicting the morphology of vascularity of thyroid nodules (TNs). This problem may be solved by quantitative SMI which makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the vascularity of TNs. SMI is also applied to evaluate cervical lymph node or thyroid inflammatory diseases. Although, SMI has some limitations, such as no standard for the normal perfusion patterns, and it has a broad application prospect in the diagnosis and management of thyroid related diseases.
Coumarin Derivatives: Microwave Synthesis and Biological Properties—A Review
Authors: Habibi Wissam , Talbi Soumaya , Hamri Salha , Hafid Abderrafia , Khouili Mostafa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMany molecules called coumarins with very varied biological activities and widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and medical industries. Their structure has a significant impact on their biological activity and their possible applications. Advanced synthesis frequently leads to an increase in the production of various chemical wastes. The amount of hazardous organic substances used and produced is reduced by the application of environmentally friendly synthesis techniques. Numerous techniques are employed in green chemistry, including the use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, solvent‐free synthesis, mechanical synthesis, multicomponent reactions, ultrasound, and microwaves. These green synthesis techniques have been successfully applied to all common condensation reactions for the synthesis of coumarin, including the Perkin, Knoevenagel, Pechmann, Kostanecki‐Robinson, and Reformansky reactions. These methods not only reduce the use and production of toxic chemicals, but also improve the yield, purity, and energy consumption of the product. This review summarizes the methods of microwave synthesis of coumarin derivatives, as well as their biological activities.
Extraembryonic Membranes and Placentation in the Mexican Snake Conopsis lineata
Authors: de Dios‐Arcos Cecilia , Villagrán‐SantaCruz Maricela 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExtraembryonic membranes provide protection, oxygen, water, and nutrients to developing embryos, and their study generates information on the origin of the terrestrial egg and the evolution of viviparity. In this research, the morphology of the extraembryonic membranes and the types of placentation in the viviparous snake Conopsis lineata are described through optical microscopy during early and late gestation. When embryos develop inside the uterus, they become surrounded by a thin eggshell membrane. In early gestation, during stages 16 and 18, the embryo is already surrounded by the amnion and the chorion, and in a small region by the chorioallantois, which is product of the contact between the chorion and the growing allantois. A trilaminar omphalopleure covers the yolk sac from the embryonic hemisphere to the level of the equator where the sinus terminalis is located, and from there a bilaminar omphalopleure extends into the abembryonic hemisphere. Thus, according to the relationship of these membranes with the uterine wall, the chorioplacenta, the choriovitelline placenta, and the chorioallantoic placenta are structured at the embryonic pole, while the omphaloplacenta is formed at the abembryonic pole. During late gestation (stages 35, 36, and 37), the uterus and allantois are highly vascularized. The allantois occupies most of the extraembryonic coelom and at the abembryonic pole, it contacts the omphaloplacenta and form the omphalallantoic placenta. This is the first description of all known placenta types in Squamata for a snake species member of the subfamily Colubrinae; where an eggshell membrane with 2.9 μm in width present throughout development is also evident. The structure of extraembryonic membranes in C. lineata is similar to that of other oviparous and viviparous squamate species. The above indicates not only homology, but also that the functional characteristics have been maintained throughout the evolution of the reproductive type.
Angular Momentum Transportation by Zonal Circulation Helps Meridional Displacements of East Asian Westerly Jet
Authors: Zhou Bingqian , Hu Shujuan , Peng Jianjun , Wang Kai , Wu Yuchen , Li Deqian , Zheng Zhihai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe meridional displacements of the East Asian westerly jet (EAJ) exhibit remarkable interannual variability characteristics, significantly modulating the weather and climate over East Asia. Our study aims to refine the thermal‐driven (angular momentum transport) and dynamically driven (atmospheric eddy activities) processes that dominate the interannual meridional motion of the wintertime EAJ. We employ the recently proposed three‐pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation (3P‐DGAC) theory to decompose the zonal momentum equation for the purpose of diagnosing the zonal momentum budget of the EAJ from three‐dimensional (3D) horizontal, meridional and zonal circulation perspectives. Results indicate that, in addition to the widely recognised driving mechanisms of angular momentum transported by thermal direct meridional Hadley circulation and horizontal eddy momentum flux convergence, the previously neglected role of local zonal circulation in transporting angular momentum significantly impacts the meridional shift of EAJ. The uneven accumulation of angular momentum transported by asymmetric zonal circulations emerges on the northern and southern sides of EAJ axis, causing an abnormal meridional displacement of EAJ. Notably, the local zonal circulation rising from the Tibetan Plateau and descending across the North Pacific Ocean transported angular momentum to the core and downstream regions of EAJ, thereby significantly accelerating zonal winds and pushing the EAJ northward. Further investigation into the potential mechanisms suggests that anomalous snow depth on the southern Tibetan Plateau is the main factor causing abnormal local zonal circulation. Our study addresses the deficiency in traditional two‐dimensional (2D) circulation decomposition methods that neglect the significant role of zonal circulation in the thermal‐driven process of EAJ, complements the understanding of 3D angular momentum transport mechanisms and reveals potential nonlinear synergies of 3D circulations related to the interannual meridional displacement of EAJ.
Defining the segmental tension generated in a vertebral body tethering system for scoliosis
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Caffrey Jason P. , Olmert Tony , Brink Ian , Cain Phoebe , Mannen Erin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVertebral body tethering (VBT) uses a flexible tether affixed across the curve convexity with tension applied at each segment to treat scoliosis. Intraoperative tether tension may be achieved directly with a counter‐tensioner or with an extension spring tube. The purpose of this study was to quantify the force generated with and without the extension spring tube using current FDA‐approved VBT instrumentation, to understand the variation between surgeons using the same instrumentation, and to define the force range that is generated intra‐operatively. Using a benchtop mechanical testing setup to simulate a spinal segment, we affixed the tether and applied tension using a tensioner and counter‐tensioner alone (method T1) or by adding an extension spring tube (method T2). Eight orthopedic surgeons used T1 and T2 at six tensioner settings, and one surgeon completed three trials. A two‐way ANOVA with a Tukey's HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05) compared the tensioner methods and testing levels. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliabilities were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Methods T1 and T2 exhibited linear tension‐setting relationships, with high determination coefficients (R2 > 0.93). T2 consistently produced higher forces (increase of 62.1 N/setting), compared to T1 (increase of 50.6 N/setting, p < 0.05). Inter‐rater reliability exhibited excellent agreement (ICC = 0.951 and 0.943 for T1 and T2, respectively), as did intra‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.971).
Lateral flow test versus enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure infliximab trough concentrations: A head‐to‐head comparison
Authors: Bouhuys Marleen , Wessels Margreet M. S. , de Vries Willemien , Lambeck Annechien J. A. , Touw Daan J. , van Rheenen Patrick F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesInfliximab is an antitumour necrosis factor agent used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Measurement of infliximab trough concentrations (C‐troughs) are used to optimize drug exposure and improve outcomes. Currently, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used predominantly for this purpose. Novel lateral flow immunoassays provide a rapid result.MethodsWe collected 100 paired serum samples of adolescents and young adults with IBD, who were treated with infliximab maintenance infusions. C‐troughs were measured with the Quantum Blue® lateral flow test (QB) with ELISA. Results were categorized as low‐range (mean C‐trough ≤5 µg/mL) or high‐range (>5 µg/mL). A Bland–Altman plot was created with limits of clinical acceptability set at ≤2 µg/mL for low‐range and ≤40% for high‐range C‐troughs. A concordance matrix was created to evaluate the C‐trough‐based clinical scenario (whether or not to escalate infliximab) using a cutoff value of 5 µg/mL.ResultsAgreement between QB and ELISA was good (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.85). In the low‐range, 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79–96) of measurements were within the limits of clinical acceptability. In the high‐range this was 67% (95% CI: 53–79). QB provided higher results than ELISA. The concordance matrix showed 81% agreement (95% CI: 72–88, κ: 0.62).ConclusionsLateral flow‐ and ELISA‐based infliximab C‐trough measurements were in agreement. The swift establishment of infliximab C‐troughs matters for patients experiencing increased disease activity. In the event of a low C‐trough, prompt dose escalation can be initiated.
Preparation and performance evaluation of CNF‐enhanced polyether‐modified polysiloxane defoamer
Authors: Gao Yifei , Wang Jian , Xu Dehua , Lin Yuxuan , Song Wenbao , Wang Yubo , Xu Fei , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, polyether‐modified polysiloxanes were synthesized by the reaction of poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) (PMHS) with Allyl alcohol polyether B‐400. FT‐IR, laser particle size analysis, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value test, and surface tension measurements were used to characterize its structures and properties. The results show that the control law for the HLB value of polyether‐modified polysiloxanes was obtained as follow: the HLB value increases with increasing hydrogen content of PMHS. When the polyether‐modified polysiloxanes were used to emulsify the polysiloxane, at the HLB value of 10.5, the average particle size of the emulsion was about 0.23 μm with a narrow particle size distribution. The emulsion has good emulsifying and dispersing properties, as well as excellent foam elimination and foam inhibition performance. When the cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) was used as a protective agent for the preparing of the polysiloxane defoamer, the stability of the emulsion does not affect, but its foam elimination and foam inhibition of emulsion can be further improved at the presence of CNF. The lowest surface tension of CNF‐enhanced polyether‐modified polysiloxane defoamer is about 22.4 mN m−1, which has good surface property. When the concentration of CNF‐enhanced polyether‐modified polysiloxane defoamer was 0.1 g L−1, the foam elimination time and foam inhibition time were 5.8 s and 38 min, respectively, at the temperature (80°C) and alkali environment (pH 13).