bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Ξένο’ DNA από τη χορηγούμενη τροφή στον οργανισμό των ζώων και αξιολόγηση της ασφάλειας των γενετικώς τροποποιημένων ζωοτροφών
Authors: ZOIOPOULOS (Π.E. ΖΩΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) P. E. , NATSKOULIS (Π. ΝΑΤΣΚΟΥΛΗΣ) P. 
Published: February 2018

The paper starts with the significance of biotechnology for animal nutrition, focusing on transgenic plants where most of genetically modified feedstuffs are. In addition, the significance of genetically modified-plants as animal feeds and the requirement for this crucial issue to be covered by European Union legislation is discussed, since the top cereal and oil-seed crops worldwide, i.e. maize and soya bean, respectively, as well as cottonseed and rapeseed, are within this category of raw materials. The procedure for authorisation of genetically modified feeds in the EU is also discussed. Moreover, various aspects referring to degradation of ‘foreign’ dietary DNA fragments from transgenic plants in the animal’s organism are reviewed. Transfer of DNA from genetically modified crops to the animal’s body and the animal products is also considered. In order to discuss the nutritional quality of genetically modified feeds in animal diets, the term ‘substantial equivalence’ was introduced, referring to the same chemical composition in content of nutrient and undesirable contents, when comparing conventional with genetically modified-dietary ingredients.The debate over ‘substantial equivalence’ principle is also reviewed; this made validity of the procedure in relation to safety evaluation less significant. Safety evaluation procedure of genetically modified-feeds (particularly, herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant maize) by the official EU procedure, where risk assessment is performed by EFSA and risk management and communication by the Commission, is also discussed. Safety evaluation of genetically modified feeds examines aspects, such as: molecular characterisation, comparative composition analysis with conventional counterparts and nutritional assessment covering toxicology and allergenicity. With reference to environmental implications, certain aspects on post-market environmental monitoring of genetically modified feeds, (e.g., biodiversity, mitigation measures, surveillance plan), are considered.
Clinical characteristics of lameness and potential risk factors in intensive and semi-intensive dairy sheep flocks in Greece
Authors: GELASAKIS (Α.Ι. ΓΕΛΑΣΑΚΗΣ) A. I. , OIKONOMOU (Γ. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ) G. , BICALHO R. C. , VALERGAKIS (Γ.Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ) G. E. , FTHENAKIS (Γ.Χ. ΦΘΕΝΑΚΗΣ) G. S. , ARSENOS (Γ. ΑΡΣΕΝΟΣ) G. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives of the study were to present descriptive epidemiological characteristics of lameness in intensively and semi-intensively reared flocks of Chios-breed dairy sheep in Greece, as well as to identify potential factors that may affect development, severity and duration of the disorder. In total, 1618 ewes in nine flocks were used for assessment of locomotion score and detailed clinical examination, which were performed fortnightly throughout a milking period. Subsequently, two logistic regression models were employed to assess impact of various variables on occurrence and severity of lameness. Mean lameness incidence in the nine flocks under surveillance during the milking period was 6.8% (110 cases in 1618 ewes); between flocks range of the incidence was 0.4%-22.0%. In 48% of the cases, lameness was considered to be severe. Foot-rot was found to be the commonest lameness-causing disorder, accounting for 66% of all cases. During the investigation, incidence of lameness in relation to the causing factor was 4.5% for foot-rot, 1% for white line abscesses, 1% for white line disease, <0.5% for pedal joint abscesses and <0.5% for hoof injuries. Farm size, stocking density, parity of the ewes and lambing season were identified as significant risk factors for dairy sheep lameness occurrence. Finally, stocking density was also found to affect lameness severity.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Authors: POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) Z. S. 
Published: February 2018

The significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has been compared to that of complete blood counts for systemic diseases. CSF changes generally follow specific patterns depending on the etiopathogenesis (inflammatory, metabolic, neoplastic) of neurological diseases, thus indicating which further diagnostic modalities should be applied. CSF collection requires operator skills and knowledge of sampling indications and contraindications. Analysis includes physical examination (colour, clarity, viscosity), cytological and biochemical analysis, microbiological and immunologic testing. Despite its limitations, CSF analysis is a useful diagnostic tool, in particular when results are interpreted in combination with historical information, clinical examination and the findings of clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging testing.
Missing data may lead to changes in hip fracture database studies
Authors: Basques B. A. , McLynn R. P. , Lukasiewicz A. M. , Samuel A. M. , Bohl D. D. , Grauer J. N. 
Published: February 2018

Aims The aims of this study were to characterize the frequency of missing data in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database and to determine how missing data can influence the results of studies dealing with elderly patients with a fracture of the hip. Patients and Methods Patients who underwent surgery for a fracture of the hip between 2005 and 2013 were identified from the NSQIP database and the percentage of missing data was noted for demographics, comorbidities and laboratory values. These variables were tested for association with ‘any adverse event’ using multivariate regressions based on common ways of handling missing data. Results A total of 26 066 patients were identified. The rate of missing data was up to 77.9% for many variables. Multivariate regressions comparing three methods of handling missing data found different risk factors for postoperative adverse events. Only seven of 35 identified risk factors (20%) were common to all three analyses. Conclusion Missing data is an important issue in national database studies that researchers must consider when evaluating such investigations. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:226–32.
The impact of external fixation on mortality in patients with an unstable pelvic ring fracture
Authors: Ohmori T. , Kitamura T. , Nishida T. , Matsumoto T. , Tokioka T. 
Published: February 2018

Aim There is not adequate evidence to establish whether external fixation (EF) of pelvic fractures leads to a reduced mortality. We used the Japan Trauma Data Bank database to identify isolated unstable pelvic ring fractures to exclude the possibility of blood loss from other injuries, and analyzed the effectiveness of EF on mortality in this group of patients. Patients and Methods This was a registry-based comparison of 1163 patients who had been treated for an isolated unstable pelvic ring fracture with (386 patients) or without (777 patients) EF. An isolated pelvic ring fracture was defined by an Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) for other injuries of < 3. An unstable pelvic ring fracture was defined as having an AIS ≥ 4. The primary outcome of this study was mortality. A subgroup analysis was carried out for patients who required blood transfusion within 24 hours of arrival in the Emergency Department and those who had massive blood loss (AIS code: 852610.5). Propensity-score matching was used to identify a cohort like the EF and non-EF groups. Results With the use of propensity-score matching using the completed data, 346 patients were matched. When the propensity-score matching was adjusted, EF was associated with a significantly lower risk of death (p = 0.047). In the subgroup analysis of patients who needed blood transfusion within 24 hours and those who had massive blood loss, EF was associated with a significantly lower risk of death in patients who needed blood transfusion within 24 hours (p = 0.014) and in those with massive blood loss (p = 0.016). Conclusion The use of EF to treat unstable pelvic ring fractures was associated with a significantly lower risk of death, especially in patients with severe fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:233–41.
Three groups of dissatisfied patients exist after total knee arthroplasty: early, persistent, and late
Authors: Clement N. D. , Bardgett M. , Weir D. , Holland J. , Gerrand C. , Deehan D. J. 
Published: February 2018

Aims The primary aim of this study was to assess whether patient satisfaction one year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) changed with longer follow-up. The secondary aims were to identify predictors of satisfaction at one year, persistence of patient dissatisfaction, and late onset dissatisfaction in patients that were originally satisfied at one year. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort consisting of 1369 patients undergoing a primary TKA for osteoarthritis that had not undergone revision were identified from an established arthroplasty database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, and Short Form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire scores were collected preoperatively, and one and five years postoperatively. In addition, patient satisfaction was assessed at one and five years postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of satisfaction at one and five years. Results The overall rate of satisfaction did not change from one (91.7%, n = 1255) to five (90.1%, n = 1234) years (p = 0.16). Approximately half (n = 53/114) of the patients who were dissatisfied at one year became satisfied with their TKA at five years, whereas 6% (n = 74/1255) of those who were satisfied at one year became dissatisfied at five years. At one year, patients with lung disease (p = 0.04), with depression (p = 0.001), with back pain (p < 0.001), undergoing unilateral TKA (p = 0.001), or with a worse preoperative WOMAC pain score (p = 0.04) were more likely to be dissatisfied. Patients with gastric ulceration (p = 0.04) and a worse WOMAC stiffness score (p = 0.047) were at increased risk of persistent dissatisfaction at five years. In contrast, a worse WOMAC pain score (p = 0.01) at one year was a predictor of dissatisfaction in previously satisfied patients at five years. Conclusion Three groups of dissatisfied patients exist after TKA: ‘early’ dissatisfaction at one year, ‘persistent’ dissatisfaction with longer follow-up, and ‘late’ dissatisfaction developing in previously satisfied patients at one year. All three groups have different independent predictors of satisfaction, and potentially addressing risk factors specific to these groups may improve patient outcome and their satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:161–9.
Infinite Towers of Galois Defect Extensions of Kaplansky Fields
Authors: Blaszczok Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe give conditions for Kaplansky fields to admit infinite towers of Galois defect extensions of prime degree. As proofs of the presented facts are constructive, this provides examples of constructions of infinite towers of Galois defect extensions of prime degree. We also give a constructive proof of the fact that a henselian Kaplansky field cannot be defectless-by-finite.
Improved Milk Glutamine Level and Growth Performance of Suckling Piglets by Glutamine Supplementation in Maternal Diet
Authors: Yang X.F. , Qin J.F. , Wang L. , Gao K.G. , Zheng C.T. , Huang L. , Jiang Z.Y. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Glutamine plays an important role in neonatal growth and health. It is unknown whether supplementing the lactating sows’ diet with glutamine will benefit the growth performance and intestinal development of suckling piglets through increasing content of milk glutamine. A total of 24 lactating sows (Large White) were fed diets supplemented with/without 1% glutamine throughout the 21-d lactation. Feed intake of the sows was recorded, blood and milk samples were collected. Piglets were weighed at birth and weaning, one piglet randomly selected from each litter was sacrificed for morphological analysis of the small intestine. Average daily feed intake of the sows did not differ between control and glutamine groups. Concentrations of total protein and urea nitrogen in sows’ serum was increased by glutamine at d 14 of lactation (P<0.05). Contents of glutamine in both plasma and milk of sows were significantly increased by glutamine supplementation throughout lactation (P<0.01). Concentrations of proline, citrulline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and arginine in sows’ plasma were increased by glutamine supplementation (all P<0.05). Milk yield was increased by glutamine supplementation at d 14 and 21 of lactation (P<0.05). Supplementing the lactating sows’ diet with glutamine increased average daily gain (P=0.006), weaning weight (P=0.032), as well as villous height and ratio of villous height:crypt depth in duodenum of the suckling piglets (both P<0.05). Collectively, supplementing lactating sows’ diet with 1% glutamine significantly improved the growth performance of suckling piglets through elevating milk yield and glutamine content in the milk.
The Association Between Novel Polymorphisms of Gremlin Genes and Egg-Laying Performance Traits in Chinese Village Dagu Hens
Authors: Tyasi Thobela Louis , Qin Ning , Liu Dehui , Niu Xiaotian , Zhu Hongyan , Xu Rifu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Gremlin (GREM1, GREM2) genes are the known bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inhibitors, but their genetic diversity in animal species remains unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chicken GREM1 and GREM2 genes, and their association with egg production traits using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. The results discovered novel SNPs and, among these variations, C/T transition at position 436 in exon 1 of the GREM1 gene leads to synonymous substitution of amino acids, and T/C transition at position 690 in the coding region of the GREM2 gene leads to a non-synonymous substitution of amino acids (valine acid 114-to-alanine acid). Association analysis established that at the age of 43, 57 and 66 wks, hen-house egg production (HHEP) was more highly significantly associated (P<0.05) with the AA genotype in the GREM1 gene. In the GREM2 gene, the TC genotype was remarkably linked with higher HHEP at the age of 30, 57 and 66 wks. Our results provide evidence that the GREM1 and GREM2 genes have potential effects on HHEP in chickens. SNPs determined in this work may be utilised as favourable potential DNA markers for improving of egg-laying performance traits.
Self-Directed Later Life Learning: Individual and Social Contexts
Authors: Salomėja Šatienė 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate how self-directed later life learning is utilized and interpreted by older adults in their particular environments. The following questions were raised: What are the opportunities for older adults’ engagement in self-directed learning in their environments? How older adults realize their self-directed learning in response to the opportunities provided by their environments? Thematic analysis was used as research method to analyse participants’ experiences and meanings they attribute to self-directed learning in their actual environments. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 older adults engaged in their self-directed learning pursuits. The findings from the study showed that older adults’ engagement in generativity-based activities, interest-based activities and social networks are contexts of self-directed learning in later life; these contexts support older adults’ self-directed learning by providing learning impetus, opportunities and resources; realization of self-directed learning is influenced by ageing-related changes and individual circumstances of older adults.
From Military Leaders to Administrative Experts: The Biography of the “Treacherous Minister” Temüder and his Ancestors
Authors: Cho Wonhee 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Temüder (d. 1322) was an influential Mongol official of the Yuan dynasty in the early fourteenth century. The compilers of the Yuanshi listed him as one of the six “treacherous ministers,” and it is easy to simply dismiss him accordingly. However, a closer examination of the life of Temüder himself and his ancestors reveals how the Mongol elites adapted and changed throughout time, and specifically how the earlier generation of military leaders transformed into administrative experts in civil administration and fiscal reform. Based on his biography in the Yuanshi, supplemented with a few scattered records from literary collections of Han-Chinese contemporaries and Persian-language sources, this article reconstructs the lives of Temüder, his ancestors, and his sons. In addition to balancing Temüder’s overwhelmingly negative image, this article ultimately shows how the ruling outsiders – here, the Mongol elites exemplified by the case of Temüder – also gained new expertise to further consolidate their rule over China, and provides a more complex and nuanced perspective for understanding the mid- to late-Yuan period.
‘Han’ Cultural Mobility under Mongol Rule: Biographies of the Jia 賈 Family
Authors: Humble Geoffrey 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
There are several intriguing aspects to the Yuanshi biography of Jia Shira (d. c.1268). Two substantial Chinese inscriptions run in parallel with the text, allowing an unusual level of comparison between sources and thus insight into the Yuanshi compilers’ editorial priorities. The primary subject, though referred to as a Hanren (and therefore allowed to leave Qaraqorum’s northern climate), is exclusively identified by the Mongolian nickname Shira (‘golden/yellow’), due to the colour of his facial hair. All of Shira’s descendants, while being ‘Han’ and remembered in formal Chinese inscriptions, are recorded under Turco-Mongol names, and the texts highlight generosity in famine relief to people in the Mongol heartland alongside more typical tropes of concern for a ‘Chinese’ populace. The selective deployment of cultural elements thus differs from other biographical narratives in a number of key aspects. While none of its subjects are of great fame, the texts draw together key themes in Yuan historiography, linking events and personalities through a Mongol century from Shira’s introduction to Sorqaqtani Beki in 1224, via cooking for Qubilai and managing expenses for Ayurbarwada, to the 1323 execution and subsequent rehabilitation of Shira’s great-grandson Tügen Buqa.
International capital mobility and structural transformation
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Oh Wankeun , Song E. Young 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study examines the role of international capital mobility in shaping the relation between economic growth and structural transformation. We build a small open economy Ramsey model with two goods, tradables and nontradables. We show that if the long-run autarky interest rate of a small open economy is higher than the world interest rate, the employment and value-added shares of the tradables sector will rise over time. In the opposite case, the shares will fall. Because the autarky interest rate increases with the rate of technological progress, our result suggests that cross-country differences in the rate of technological progress may be a significant factor in accounting for diverse patterns of structural changes among countries.
What Went Wrong in the Cyprus Negotiations? The Three Elements That Led to Failure
Authors: Stelgias Niko 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the wake of the interruption of the negotiations in mid-2017, this study aims to investigate and underline the reasons that led to the new failure in the Cyprus talks. Why did the negotiations collapse after a remarkable two-year effort? Who were the main protagonists in this fiasco? What were the main points of disagreement at the negotiations’ table? What were the disputes in the fields of security and equality? What was the role of local society in the failure? This analysis attempts to answer the questions mentioned above by putting the official positions of the two sides and the related opinion articles and publications which have had an impact on the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot press, under its microscope.
Approaches to Measuring Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Said-Metwaly Sameh , Noortgate Wim Van den , Kyndt Eva 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a review of the literature on the measurement of creativity. Creativity definitions are discussed as a starting point for understanding the nature of this construct. The four major approaches to measuring creativity (process, person, product and press) are reviewed, pointing out commonly used instruments as well as the advantages and weaknesses of each approach. This review reveals that the measurement of creativity is an unsettled issue, and that the existing instruments purporting to measure creativity suffer from serious conceptual and psychometric shortcomings. Research gaps and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Measuring the Aesthetic Success of Books: Can User-driven Databases Fill the Gap?
Authors: Form Sven 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Researchers that wish to evaluate the aesthetic success or functional creativity of books in the real world need a method to measure the outcome variable. However, sales figures are rarely published. Bestseller lists and expert judgments may not adequately reflect the aesthetic success among the general public. Data available on the platform Goodreads may serve as an alternative for measuring the popularity of books. In the present study, the ratings and number of ratings from Goodreads, as well as the number of literary prizes awarded are compared with the actual number of copies sold for a significant sample, the 98 most bestselling books in the UK from 1998 to 2012. Results indicated that literary prizes cannot serve as a gauge for the popularity of a book. While ratings were associated with copies sold, the number of ratings was a significantly better indicator of the sales figures of a book.
Life in the fluvial hinterland of the late Sarmatian Sea (middle Miocene): a rare terrestrial fossil site in the Styrian Basin (Austria)
Authors: Doubrawa Monika , Gross Martin , Harzhauser Mathias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the section and fossil content of a former gravel pit in the Eastern Styrian Basin (SE Austria), which exposes sediments of a fluvial system, ranging from within channel to overbank environments. A predominately terrestrial gastropod fauna of 15 species so far, was recovered from a palaeosol formed in a moist and vegetated, floodplain or abandoned channel. Up-section, a shallow freshwater pond/lake developed within the floodplain, settled by fishes, molluscs and ostracods. By integrating regional geological and biostratigraphical data derived from the terrestrial gastropod fauna as well as from the other recovered biota, these strata are of late middle Miocene (late Sarmatian s.str.) age. Hence, this fossil site provides a rare insight into the terrestrial habitats in the hinterland of the Sarmatian Sea and their biota, which are otherwise barely known in Central Europe.