bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women in southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study
Authors: Yosef Tewodros , Birhanu Bitewlgn , Shifera Nigusie , Bekele Bayu Begashaw , Asefa Adane 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCervical cancer is a major global health issue, with 604,000 diagnoses and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Despite the importance of early detection, only 5% of eligible women in Ethiopia are screened. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women at selected public hospitals in southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study involving 392 women (98 cases and 294 controls) aged 15-49 was conducted across three hospitals. Cases were women aged 15 to 49 who had cervical cancer screening, while controls were reproductive-age women seeking antenatal care or family planning but not screened. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with pretested questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 25. Bivariate analysis identified candidate variables with P-values &lt; 0.25, and a multivariable logistic regression model determined factors with P-values &lt; 0.05 as significant for cervical cancer screening uptake.ResultsDeterminants of cervical cancer screening uptake included high knowledge of screening (AOR=6.23; 95%CI: 1.96, 19.79), a positive attitude toward screening (AOR=6.12; 95%CI: 2.40, 15.58), women aged 30-39 (AOR=3.94; 95%CI: 1.79, 8.63) and 40-49 (AOR=3.54; 95%CI: 1.52, 8.22), and those who reached health facilities within 60 minutes (AOR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.21, 4.45).ConclusionThe study pinpointed age, knowledge, attitude toward cervical cancer screening, and accessibility to health facilities within a 60-minute radius as pivotal factors impacting cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women. These findings highlight the importance of targeted education, promoting positive attitudes, and enhancing healthcare accessibility to improve screening uptake and reduce the burden of cervical cancer.
Infant formula with added Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG supported adequate growth and was well tolerated in healthy term infants: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berseth Carol Lynn , Yeiser Michael , Harris Cheryl L. , Kinnaman Jennifer N. , Lappin Victoria , Wampler Jennifer L. , Zhuang Weihong , Vanderhoof Jon 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a well-studied probiotic with a history of safe use.MethodsIn this double-blind, prospective study, growth and tolerance were evaluated in healthy term infants randomized to: marketed, routine intact cow's milk protein-based formula (Control, n = 172) or a similar investigational formula with added LGG (INV-LGG, n = 179; 106 CFU LGG®/g powder) from 14 to 120 days of age. Anthropometrics, stool characteristics, fussiness, and gassiness were evaluated through Day 120. Medically confirmed adverse events were recorded throughout the study period. The primary outcome was rate of weight gain from Day 14–120.ResultsOf 351 infants enrolled, 275 completed (Control, n = 131; INV-LGG, n = 144). No significant group differences in rate of weight gain from Day 14–120 were detected. Study formula acceptance and tolerance was good with no significant differences in study discontinuation due to study formula or parent-reported gassiness, stool frequency, or stool consistency; however mean fussiness relative to normal was significantly lower for INV-LGG vs Control at Days 60 and 90.DiscussionIn healthy term infants, a routine intact cow's milk protein-based formula with added LGG supported adequate growth and was well tolerated. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential benefits for fussiness and efficacy outcomes.
Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT01897922).
Ethnic origin of Israeli Jews and psychological responses to the extreme stress of the ongoing war with Hamas in Gaza
Authors: Eshel Yohanan , Kimhi Shaul , Marciano Hadas , Adini Bruria 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionDiscrimination constitutes a source of stress for minority groups, leading to heightened levels of depression. Discrimination can also elicit positive responses aimed at reducing detrimental impacts. The stress experienced by minority groups may impact their mindset and influence their negative emotional responses. Israeli Jewish society comprised for many years two large communities: the dominant Ashkenazi people, who emigrated from East Europe, and the Mizrahi discriminated minority whose members came from Muslim countries. The Mizrahi minority has become a mainstream community over time, and its size equals the Ashkenazi group. This change raises an interesting issue that has not been investigated empirically: What characterizes the psychological responses to the stress of a formerly discriminated minority?MethodsTwo representative samples responded to a similar questionnaire measuring inhibiting and bolstering coping strategies. The first sample of 930 people participated in this structured survey between October 12 and 19, 2022. No external adversity threatened Israel at that time. The second sample of 1,608 Israeli Jews participated between October 11 and 17, 2023, a few days after Hamas attacked the southern region of Israel, killed more than a 1,000 people, and kidnapped 100. We examine the impact of moderate and extreme stress of war on the maladaptive levels of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, we investigated the shielding psychological coping measures of this former minority, as compared to Ashkenazi group’s response.ResultsResults show that the formerly minority Mizrahi group expresses higher levels of depression, anxiety, and sense of danger under extreme stress compared to the Ashkenazi group. Mizrahi individuals compensated concurrently for these negative emotions by fostering enhanced hope and societal resilience compared to the other group.DiscussionThe main contributions of the present study are (a) Demonstration that psychological responses of descendants of a minority group to highly stressful conditions do not necessarily agree with their current status as a mainstream community. (b) Indicating that the phenomenon of concurrently enhanced negative and positive responses in face of extreme stress is associated with ethnic origin and history. (c) Associating the effects of different socio-demographic variables with the psychological response of the investigated groups to extreme and moderate stress.
Validation of the CRAVE-C scale in Chinese adults: a four-study examination of competing motivations for physical activity versus rest
Authors: Cheng Zhihui , Taylor Alyx , Stults-Kolehmainen Matthew A. , Gerber Markus , Herold Fabian , Ross Michael , Ash Garrett , Kramer Arthur F. , Zhao Mengxian 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe study aimed to validate the Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure (CRAVE) scale among Chinese adults with different health conditions (healthy control, chronic illnesses, and psychiatric disorders) and skill levels (athletes vs. non-athletes).MethodsIn Study 1, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) was performed on a Chinese sample of emerging adults (N = 481) to evaluate the structural validity of the Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure-Chinese version (CRAVE-C). In Study 2, differences in “Move” and “Rest” desires were examined among patients with psychiatric disorders, patients with chronic illnesses, and healthy controls. In study 3, investigated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise motivation using the CRAVE-C (N = 83). In Study 4, the changes in “Move” desire from baseline to post-training were compared between athletes and non-athletes.ResultsResults from Study 1 indicated that the 10-item CRAVE-C showed good fit indices (Chi2 (34) = 118.769, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.934, SRMR = 0.053, RMSEA = 0.072). “Move” positively correlated with various factors of the Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire-Chinese and the Physical Effort Scale-Chinese, while “Rest” correlated negatively. In Study 2, Patients with psychiatric disorders had a significantly higher “Move” desire than healthy controls. Patients with chronic illnesses had a significantly higher “Rest” desire than healthy controls. In Study 3, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a slight increase in “Move” desire (3.26% ± 37.35%) and a decrease in “Rest” desire (18.94% ± 66.99%). Lower fitness was linked to a significant decline in “Move” desire (−54.61% ± 111.33%) and an increase in “Rest” desire (43.62% ± 63.64%). In Study 4, the athlete group demonstrated a significant increase in “Move” desire from baseline to post-training, whereas the non-athlete group reported a significant decrease in “Move” desire from baseline to post-training.ConclusionThe 10-item CRAVE-C has good reliability and validity in the Chinese cultural context and can be used among Chinese adults with different health conditions and skill levels.
Research hot topics and frontiers in social anxiety over the past decade: a CiteSpace bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science database from 2013 to 2023
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Mingliang , Ding Lin , Zhang Jianing , Yuan Yuqing , Tian Xin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo understand the current study of social anxiety (SA) over the past decade, and to analyze the research hot topics and frontiers in this field.MethodsCiteSpace 6.2.R3 was used to analyze the literature on SA collected in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2013 to 2023.ResultsA total of 9940 literature were included after the screening, and the annual publication volume showed a steady increase. The results emphasize that Zvolensky MJ, Pine DS, and Heimberg RG are important authors in the field of SA. The United States has the highest number of publications, with the University of California System contributing the most. Research hotspots include cognitive impairment, risk factors, complications, neuroimaging, and intervention strategies. SA related to the “theory of mind”, “bullying victimization”, “mobile phone”, “network analysis”, “technology”, and “satisfaction” are emerging research foci.ConclusionThis study identifies the current situation and trends of SA research, and provides a reference for future research topics and directions.
Impact of hypertension on coronary artery plaques and FFR-CT in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: evaluation utilizing artificial intelligence processed coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Xi Yan , Xu Yi , Shu Zheng 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to quantify coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images, aiming to compare plaque characteristics and CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without hypertension (HTN).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,151 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA at a single center. Patients were grouped into T2DM (n = 133), HTN (n = 442), T2DM (HTN+) (n = 256), and control (n = 320). AI assessed various CCTA parameters, including plaque components, high-risk plaques (HRPs), FFR-CT, severity of coronary stenosis using Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System 2.0 (CAD-RADS 2.0), segment involvement score (SIS), and segment stenosis score (SSS). Statistical analysis compared these parameters among groups.ResultsThe T2DM (HTN+) group had the highest plaque volume and length, SIS, SSS, and CAD-RADS 2.0 classification. In the T2DM group, 54.0% of the plaque volume was noncalcified and 46.0% was calcified, while in the HTN group, these values were 24.0 and 76.0%, respectively. The T2DM (HTN+) group had more calcified plaques (35.7% noncalcified, 64.3% calcified) than the T2DM group. The average necrotic core volume was 4.25 mm3 in the T2DM group and 5.23 mm3 in the T2DM (HTN+) group, with no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05). HRPs were more prevalent in both T2DM and T2DM (HTN+) compared to HTN and control groups (p &lt; 0.05). The T2DM (HTN+) group had a higher likelihood (26.1%) of FFR-CT ≤0.75 compared to the T2DM group (13.8%). FFR-CT ≤0.75 correlated with CAD-RADS 2.0 (OR = 7.986, 95% CI = 5.466–11.667, cutoff = 3, p &lt; 0.001) and noncalcified plaque volume (OR = 1.006, 95% CI = 1.003–1.009, cutoff = 29.65 mm3, p &lt; 0.001). HRPs were associated with HbA1c levels (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.387–1.918).ConclusionAI analysis of CCTA identifies patterns in quantitative plaque characteristics and FFR-CT values. Comorbid HTN exacerbates partially calcified plaques, leading to more severe coronary artery stenosis in patients with T2DM. T2DM is associated with partially noncalcified plaques, whereas HTN is linked to partially calcified plaques.
Inter-individual differences in muscle damage following a single bout of high-intense whole-body electromyostimulation
Authors: Teschler Marc , Waranski Melina , Schmitz Boris , Mooren Frank C. 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis brief report aimed to characterize inter-individual training responses following a single session of high-intense whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) using markers of muscle damage over a period of 72 h.MethodsTwelve healthy individuals (5 men, 7 women; 32.0 ± 7 years) participated in a single 20-minute high-intensity WB-EMS training session. Markers of muscle damage, creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb), were assessed before and immediately after training, as well as at 1.5, 3, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. Lactate levels were determined pre- and post-exercise.ResultsOverall, WB-EMS induced significant CK elevations, peaking at 72 h (18.358 ± 21.380 U/L; p &lt; 0.01), and correlating Mb levels peaking at 48 h (1.509 ± 1.394 ng/dl, p &lt; 0.01). Despite significant inter-individual variability in CK levels, both slow (SR) and fast responders (FR) were identified. FR showed significant increases in CK at all time points post WB-EMS (p &lt; 0.05), whereas CK in SR significantly elevated after 48 h. Post-WB-EMS lactate concentration was identified to predict peak CK and Mb levels (r ≥ 0.65, both p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionHigh-intensity WB-EMS has the potential to induce severe muscle damage, as indicated by elevated levels of CK and Mb. We identified two distinct groups of individuals, SR and FR, indicating variability in response to WB-EMS. Furthermore, we suggest that individual responses to WB-EMS can be predicted based on post-WB-EMS lactate concentration.
Analysis of budget expenditures of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Salimbayeva Sh. 
Published: October 2024

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the budget system and expenditures of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ROK), which are characterized by complexity and multilevel and reflect the amount of financial resources and the size of budget constraints at the levels of the budget system. The main focus is on the republican budget, which generates the country's revenues and finances national expenditures directed to such areas as defense, national security, foreign policy, as well as projects and assistance programs. The functioning of the budget system is regulated by regulatory legal acts (NPAs), including the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Budget Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other NPAs, which ensures transparent and effective management of public finances. The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan plays a key role in the implementation of the state financial policy, coordinating work with other ministries and departments.The article presents the results of the analysis conducted by the author of this article of the execution of republican budgets for the period 2018-2022. It is shown that all three categories of budgets (republican, regional and local) demonstrate steady growth in spending, which can lead to increased public investment and expansion of government programs. Special attention is paid to the increased level of education and health care, which ensures the priority and higher level of efficiency of these sectors in comparison with other sectors of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, a SWOT analysis was conducted, which revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the budget system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as identified threats and opportunities to improve its condition.The article concludes with recommendations on ensuring the sustainability of the budget system and improving the efficiency of budget funds, including measures to increase transparency and efficiency of budget processes, optimize budget allocation, improve the effectiveness of social programs, reduce public debt, develop interdepartmental experience and use the state experience achieved in a number of sectors and territories.
Targeting the Receptor for Advanced Glycosylation End Products in Inflammation-Associated Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Mao Wenbing , Yang Yuxiang , He Fang , Li Juan , Wang Hong-Hui , Long Junhua 
Published: October 2024

Receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) is an essential cell surface receptor that detects advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to mediate important inflammatory and immune processes. Inflammation can cause insulin resistance, in which the excess glucose in the blood that cannot be stored as fat induces hyperglycemia. Under these conditions, AGEs, high mobility group box 1, S100s, and other inflammatory factors induce the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin (interleukin-6), and other proinflammatory cytokines, inducing chronic inflammation. Herein, we reviewed the relationships between diabetes and RAGE-related inflammation and the associated signaling pathways. Recent progress in targeted therapy against RAGE has also been discussed. Since RAGE is involved in the progression of diabetes, it might be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and management of this disorder and related complications.
Enhancing Human Knowledge and Capabilities with Artificial Intelligence Tools for Education
Authors: Jackson Emerson Abraham , Jackson Hudson F. 
Published: October 2024

This study explores the different ways Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools bolster human knowledge and boost intellectual and creative efforts within the educational sector. It provides a broad examination of AI's potential to enhance educational processes and outcomes while also assessing the ramifications of AI-driven creative destruction on the job market encompassing both job displacement and the emerging scope for new knowledge creation.
Purpose. The study aims to explore the different ways in which AI tools enhance human knowledge and capabilities and their role in augmenting human intellectual and creative endeavours in education. By examining how AI can improve educational processes and outcomes, it highlights the potential for significant advancements. Additionally, the study critically examines the implications of AI-driven creative destruction on the job market, focusing on the education sector. This includes understanding both job displacement and the creation of new opportunities that require advanced skills.
Methods. This research involves a detailed analysis of various AI applications across the education domain. It employs virtual interviews with students and educators to provide detailed examples of AI's impact and reviews existing literature to contextualise these findings within broader economic implications. By focusing on the education sector, the study provides a comprehensive overview of how AI is being implemented and the outcomes of these implementations. This approach allows for a thorough understanding of both the benefits and challenges connected with AI integration.
Results. The study suggests that AI significantly improves data processing capabilities, leading to notable advancements in educational research and personalised learning. These improvements can facilitate decision-making and innovation. However, AI also disrupts traditional employment patterns, displacing routine jobs that are easily automated. Conversely, it creates new roles that demand advanced technical skills and continuous education, highlighting a shift in the job market toward more specialised and high-skill positions.
Conclusion. While AI can present substantial benefits in terms of efficiency and innovation, it poses significant challenges in the form of job displacement. To manage these transitions effectively, strategic responses from policymakers and educational institutions are essential. These strategies should aim to ensure equitable access to AI’s benefits and support workforce adaptation. By fostering a balanced integration of technological advancements and human well-being, it is possible to mitigate the negative impacts while maximising the positive outcomes of AI.
АБСЦЕСС СЕЛЕЗЕНКИ И ГЕПАТИТ ПРИ БРУЦЕЛЛЕЗЕ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ
Authors: Л.А. Муковозова , А.З. Токаева , Н.Б. Бекенова , Е.М. Смаил 
Published: October 2024

Резюме Описан клинический случай острого бруцеллеза, подтвержденного положительными результатами реакции Райта (1:800 и в динамике 1:3200) с клиническими проявлениями преимущественного поражения печени в виде гепатита (увеличение печени, желтушная окраска кожи и склер, АЛТ – 0,52 мккат/л, общий билирубин – 67,68 мкмоль/л, прямой билирубин – 37,6 мкмоль/л, непрямой билирубин – 30,08 мкмоль/л) и селезенки в виде абсцесса (увеличение селезенки, заключение ультразвукового исследования – абсцесс селезенки). Отмечается, что и в современных условиях при бруцеллезе сохраняется возможность формирования метастатических очагов в различных органах с некрозом тканей.
Clinical case of acute brucellosis confirmed by positive Wright test results (1:800 and 1:3200 in dynamics) with clinical manifestations of predominant liver damage in the form of hepatitis (enlargement of the liver, icteric coloration of the skin and sclera, ALT - 0.52 μkat/l, total bilirubin - 67.68 μmol/l, direct bilirubin - 37.6 μmol/l, indirect bilirubin – 30.08 µmol/l) and spleen in the form of abscess (enlargement of the spleen, the conclusion of ultrasound examination - abscess of the spleen) is described. It is noted that in brucellosis and in modern conditions, the possibility of the formation of metastatic foci in various organs with tissue necrosis remains.
Гепатит түрінде бауыр зақымдалуы(бауырдың ұлғаюы, көздің және терінің сарғаюы, АЛТ – 0,52 мккат/л, жалпы билирубин – 67,68 мкмоль/л, турабилирубин – 37,6 мкмоль/л, тура емес билирубин – 30,08 мкмоль/л) және көк бауырдың зақымдалуы сияқты клиникалық белгілермен, оң Райт реакциясымен расталған (1:800 және динамикада 1:3200) жедел бруцеллез клиникалық жағдайы сипатталды. Айта кетерлік, қазіргі заманда да бруцеллез кезінде тіндердің некрозымен әр-түрлі органдарда метастатикалық ошақтардың пайда болуы байқалады.