bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of early mechanical circulatory support in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: The Detroit cardiogenic shock initiative
Authors: Basir Mir B. , Schreiber Theodore , Dixon Simon , Alaswad Khaldoon , Patel Kirit , Almany Steven , Khandelwal Akshay , Hanson Ivan , George Augustine , Ashbrook Michael , Blank Nimrod , Abdelsalam Murad , Sareen Nishtha , Timmis Steven B.H. , O'Neill MD William W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe ‘Detroit Cardiogenic Shock Initiative’ is a single‐arm, multicenter study to assess the feasibility of early mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients who present with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsBetween July 2016 and February 2017, 4 metro Detroit sites participated in the study. The centers agreed to treat patients with AMICS using a mutually agreed‐upon protocol emphasizing invasive hemodynamic monitoring and rapid initiation of MCS. Inclusion and exclusion criteria mimicked those from the ‘SHOCK’ trial with an additional exclusion criteria being use of intra‐aortic balloon pump counter pulsation prior to MCS.ResultsA total of 41 consecutive patients were included. Patients had an average age of 65 ± 14 years, 71% were male and 59% of patients were admitted to the hospital in cardiogenic shock. Prior to receiving MCS, 93% of patients were on vasopressors or inotropes, 15% of patients had a witnessed out of hospital cardiac arrest, 27% of patients had an in‐hospital cardiac arrest, and 17% were under active cardiopulmonary resuscitation while MCS was being implanted. In accordance to the protocol recommendation, 66% of patients had a MCS device inserted prior to PCI. Right heart catheterization and hemodynamic monitoring was performed in 83% of patients. Door to support times averaged 83 ± 58 minutes and 71% of patients were able to reduce the levels of inotropes and vasopressors within the first 24‐hours of their index procedure. Pre‐procedure cardiac power output (CPO) was 0.57 W and post‐procedure CPO was 0.95 W, a 67% increase (p < 0.001). Survival to explant for the entire cohort was 85% a significant improvement from institutional historical controls (85% vs 51% p < 0.001) and survival to discharge was 76%.ConclusionCenters who adopted a regional shock protocol emphasizing the delivery of early MCS with invasive hemodynamic monitoring can achieve rapid door to support times and can improve survival in patients who present with AMICS. Larger national studies will be needed to further validate this pilot feasibility study.
Substituent Effects in Chain‐Breaking Aryltellurophenol Antioxidants
Authors: Poon Jia‐fei , Yan Jiajie , Jorner Kjell , Ottosson Henrik , Donau Carsten , Singh Vijay P. , Gates Paul J. , Engman Lars 
Published: December 2017

Abstract2‐Aryltellurophenols substituted in the aryltelluro or phenolic parts of the molecule were prepared by lithiation of the corresponding tetrahydropyran‐protected 2‐bromophenol, followed by reaction with a suitable diaryl ditelluride then deprotection. In a two‐phase system containing N‐acetylcysteine as a co‐antioxidant in the aqueous phase, all of the compounds quenched lipid peroxyl radicals more efficiently than α‐tocopherol, with three to five‐fold longer inhibition times. Thus, these compounds offer better and longer‐lasting antioxidant protection than recently prepared alkyltellurophenols. Compounds with electron‐donating para substituents in the aryltelluro or phenolic part of the molecule showed the best results. The mechanism for quenching peroxyl radicals was considered and discussed with respect to the calculated O−H bond‐dissociation energies, deuterium‐labelling experiments and studies of thiol consumption in the aqueous phase.
Microporous MOFs Engaged in the Formation of Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Rate Supercapacitors
Authors: Hou Ya‐Nan , Zhao Zongbin , Yu Zhengfa , Zhang Su , Li Shaofeng , Yang Juan , Zhang Han , Liu Chang , Wang Zhiyu , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets (NMCS) have been fabricated from zinc‐based microporous metal–organic frameworks (ZIF‐8) by pyrolysis in a molten salt medium. The as‐prepared NMCS exhibit significantly improved specific capacitance (NMCS‐8: 232 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and capacitance retention ratio (75.9 % at 50 A g−1) compared with the micropore‐dominant nitrogen‐doped porous carbon polyhedrons (NPCP‐5: 178 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, 15.9 % at 20 A g−1) obtained by direct pyrolysis of nanocrystalline ZIF‐8. The excellent capacitive performance and high rate performance of the NMCS can be attributed to their unique combination of structure and composition, that is, the two‐dimensional and hierarchically porous structure provides a short ion‐transport pathway and facilitates the supply of electrolyte ions, and the nitrogen‐doped polar surface improves the interface wettability when used as an electrode.
A General Route to Metal‐Substituted Dipnictenes of the Type [L(X)M]2E2
Authors: Tuscher Lars , Helling Christoph , Wölper Christoph , Frank Walter , Nizovtsev Anton S. , Schulz Stephan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo equivalents of LGa (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2) reacted with PX3 (X=Cl, Br) with insertion into two P−X bonds and formation of [L(X)Ga]2PX (X=Cl 1, Br 2), whereas the analogous reaction with AsCl3 occurred with twofold insertion and subsequent elimination of LGaCl2 and formation of the Ga‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga]2As2 (3). Analogous findings were observed in the reactions with Me2NAsCl2, yielding the unsymmetrically‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga]As=As[Ga(NMe2)L] (4). The reaction of As(NMe2)3 with LGa gave [L(Me2N)Ga]2As2 (5) after heating at 165 °C for five days, whereas the reaction with LAl gave [L(Me2N)Al]2As2 (6) after heating at only 80 °C for one day. Finally, two equivalents of LGa reacted with Bi(NEt2)3 to give [L(Et2N)Ga]2Bi2 (7). Complexes 1–7 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 31P), elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except for 1 and 5). The bonding situations in 4, 6, and 7 were analyzed by quantum chemical calculations.
The Role of [BF4]− and [B(CN)4]− Anions in the Ionothermal Synthesis of Chalcogenidometalates
Authors: Santner Silke , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Finze Maik , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe role of borate anions in ionothermal syntheses of crystalline chalcogenidometalates was shown by the directed ionothermal synthesis of seven new selenidostannates in ionic liquids with either [BF4]− or [B(CN)4]− anions. Single crystal structures are presented of four compounds, (C4C1C1Im)5[Sn9Se20][BF4] (1, Im=imidazolium), (DMMPH)4[Sn2Se6] (2, DMMP=2,6‐dimethylmorpholine), (C2C1Im)2(DMMPH)2[Sn6Se14] (3), and K2[Sn3Se7] (4), and how the chosen ionic liquid anion, and the reaction temperature, influences the product spectrum is discussed: Notably, 1 contains an entire formula unit of the ionic liquid, (C4C1C1Im)[BF4], while 4 contains neither the cation nor the anion of the ionic liquid—both observations being very uncommon for ionothermal syntheses. Three further compounds were obtained that exhibit strong disorder in the crystal structures (I‐III), for which only their anionic substructures are discussed herein. Compound 4 and I‐III are based on the same layered selenidostannate substructure, 2D‐{[Sn3Se7]2−}, yet with different inter‐layer distances, which is clearly reflected in the crystal colors and quantitative optical absorption properties.
Phenols as Diamagnetic T2‐Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Yuguo , Slania Stephanie , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Liu Jing , Wang Rongfu , Zhang Jianhua , Pomper Martin G. , van Zijl Peter C. , Yang Xing , Liu Guanshu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough T2‐exchange (T2ex) NMR phenomena have been known for decades, there has been a resurgence of interest to develop T2ex MRI contrast agents. One indispensable advantage of T2ex MR agents is the possibility of using non‐toxic and/or bio‐compatible diamagnetic compounds with intermediate exchangeable protons. Herein a library of phenol‐based compounds is screened and their T2ex contrast (exchange relaxivity, r2ex) at 9.4 T determined. The T2ex contrast of phenol protons allows direct detection by MRI at a millimolar concentration level. The effect of chemical modification of the phenol on the T2ex MRI contrast through modulation of exchange rate and chemical shift was also studied and provides a guideline for use of endogenous and exogenous phenols for T2ex MRI contrast. As a proof‐of‐principle application, phenol T2ex contrast can be used to detect enzyme activity in a tyrosinase‐catalyzed catechol oxidation reaction.
Left‐handed helical polymer resin nanotubes prepared by using N‐palmitoyl glucosamine
Authors: Li Jiangang , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Yang Yonggang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough the preparation of single‐handed helical inorganic and hybrid organic‐inorganic nanotubes is well developed, approaches to the formation of single‐handed organopolymeric nanotubes are limited. Here, left‐handed helical m‐phenylenediamine‐formaldehyde resin and 3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde resin nanotubes were prepared by using N‐palmitoyl glucosamine that can self‐assemble into left‐handed twisted nanoribbons in a mixture of methanol and water. In the reaction mixture, the helical pitch of the nanoribbons decreased with increasing reaction time. The resin nanotubes were obtained after removing the N‐palmitoyl glucosamine template, and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the organopolymeric nanotubes had optical activity. Carbonaceous nanotubes were then prepared by carbonization of the 3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde resin nanotubes.
Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and in‐hospital mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing early vs delayed percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Patel Brijesh , Carson Philip , Shah Mahek , Garg Lohit , Agarwal Manyoo , Agrawal Sahil , Arora Shilpkumar , Steigerwalt Susan , Bavry Anthony , Dusaj Raman , Patel Nainesh , Feldman Bruce 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well‐known risk factor for coronary artery disease and is associated with poor outcomes following an acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS). The optimal timing of an invasive strategy in patients with CKD and NSTE‐ACS is unclear.HypothesisTiming of PCI in CKD patients will not affect the risk of mortality or incidence of dialysis.MethodsWe queried the National Inpatient Sample database (NIS) to identify cases with NSTEMI and CKD. Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) day 0 or 1 vs day 2 or 3 after admission were categorized as early vs delayed PCI, respectively. The primary outcomes of the study were in‐hospital mortality and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (AKI‐D). The secondary outcomes were length of stay and hospital charges. Baseline characteristics were balanced using propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsAfter PSM, 3708 cases from the delayed PCI group were matched with 3708 cases from the early PCI group. The standardized mean differences between the 2 groups were substantially reduced after PSM. All other recorded variables were balanced between the 2 groups. In the early and delayed PCI groups, the incidence of AKI‐D (2.5% vs 2.3%; P = 0.54) and in‐hospital mortality (1.9% vs 1.4%; P = 0.12) was similar. Hospital charges and length of stay were higher in the delayed PCI group.ConclusionsThe incidence of AKI‐D and in‐hospital mortality among patients with CKD and NSTE‐ACS were not significantly affected by the timing of PCI. However, delayed PCI added significant cost and length of stay. A prospective randomized study is required to validate this concept.
Machine learning–based diagnosis of melanoma using macro images
Authors: Gautam Diwakar , Ahmed Mushtaq , Meena Yogesh Kumar , Ul Haq Ahtesham 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCancer bears a poisoning threat to human society. Melanoma, the skin cancer, originates from skin layers and penetrates deep into subcutaneous layers. There exists an extensive research in melanoma diagnosis using dermatoscopic images captured through a dermatoscope. While designing a diagnostic model for general handheld imaging systems is an emerging trend, this article proposes a computer‐aided decision support system for macro images captured by a general‐purpose camera. General imaging conditions are adversely affected by nonuniform illumination, which further affects the extraction of relevant information. To mitigate it, we process an image to define a smooth illumination surface using the multistage illumination compensation approach, and the infected region is extracted using the proposed multimode segmentation method. The lesion information is numerated as a feature set comprising geometry, photometry, border series, and texture measures. The redundancy in feature set is reduced using information theory methods, and a classification boundary is modeled to distinguish benign and malignant samples using support vector machine, random forest, neural network, and fast discriminative mixed‐membership–based naive Bayesian classifiers. Moreover, the experimental outcome is supported by hypothesis testing and boxplot representation for classification losses. The simulation results prove the significance of the proposed model that shows an improved performance as compared with competing arts.
Artificial neural network model to distinguish follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma on fine needle aspiration of thyroid
Authors: Savala Rajiv , Dey Pranab , Gupta Nalini 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundTo distinguish follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC) of thyroid in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a challenging problem.Aims and objectivesIn this article, we attempted to build an artificial neural network (ANN) model from the cytological and morphometric features of the FNAC smears of thyroid to distinguish FA from FC.Material and methodsThe cytological features and morphometric analysis were done on the FNAC smears of histology proven cases of FA (26) and FC (31). The cytological features were analysed semi‐quantitatively by two independent observers (RS and PD). These data were used to make an ANN model to differentiate FA versus FC on FNAC material. The performance of this ANN model was assessed by analysing the confusion matrix and receiving operator curve.ResultThere were 39 cases in training set, 9 cases each in validation and test sets. In the test group, ANN model successfully distinguished all cases (9/9) of FA and FC. The area under receiver operating curve was 1.ConclusionThe present ANN model is efficient to diagnose follicular adenoma and carcinoma cases on cytology smears without any error. In future, this ANN model will be able to diagnose follicular adenoma and carcinoma cases on thyroid aspirate. This study has immense potential in future. This is an open ended ANN model and more parameters and more cases can be included to make the model much stronger.
Optimal timing of biodiversity offsetting for metapopulations
Authors: Southwell Darren M. , Heard Geoffrey W. , McCarthy Michael A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiodiversity offsetting schemes permit habitat destruction, provided that losses are compensated by gains elsewhere. While hundreds of offsetting schemes are used around the globe, the optimal timing of habitat creation in such projects is poorly understood. Here, we developed a spatially explicit metapopulation model for a single species subject to a habitat compensation scheme. Managers could compensate for destruction of a patch by creating a new patch either before, at the time of, or after patch loss. Delaying patch creation is intuitively detrimental to species persistence, but allowed managers to invest financial compensation, accrue interest, and create a larger patch at a later date. Using stochastic dynamic programming, we found the optimal timing of patch creation that maximizes the number of patches occupied at the end of a 50‐yr habitat compensation scheme when a patch is destroyed after 10 yr. Two case studies were developed for Australian species subject to habitat loss but with very different traits: the endangered growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis) and the critically endangered Mount Lofty Ranges Southern Emu‐wren (Spititurus malachurus intermedius). Our results show that adding a patch either before or well after habitat destruction can be optimal, depending on the occupancy state of the metapopulation, the interest rate, the area of the destroyed patch and metapopulation parameters of the focal species. Generally, it was better to delay patch creation when the interest rate was high, when the species had a relatively high colonization rate, when the patch nearest the new patch was occupied, and when the destroyed patch was small. Our framework can be applied to single‐species metapopulations subject to habitat loss, and demonstrates that considering the timing of habitat compensation could improve the effectiveness of offsetting schemes.
Sudden cardiac death after acute heart failure hospital admission: insights from ASCEND‐HF
Authors: Pokorney Sean D. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Sun Jie‐Lena , Schulte Phillip , O'Connor Christopher M. , Teerlink John R. , Armstrong Paul W. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Starling Randall C. , Voors Adriaan A. , Velazquez Eric J. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Mentz Robert J. 
Published: December 2017

AimsThe incidence of and factors associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) early after an acute heart failure (HF) hospital admission have not been well defined.Methods and resultsWe assessed SCD and ventricular arrhythmias in the Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND‐HF) trial, which included patients with acute HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. SCD, resuscitated SCD (RSCD), and sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) were adjudicated from randomization through 30 days and were combined into a composite endpoint. Baseline characteristics associated with this composite were determined by logistic regression. RSCD and VT/VF were included as time‐dependent variables in a Cox model evaluating the association of these variables with 180‐day all‐cause mortality. Among 7011 patients, the 30‐day all‐cause mortality rate was 3.8%; SCD accounted for 17% of these deaths. The 30‐day composite event rate was 1.8% (n = 121). Ten patients had more than one event with 30‐day Kaplan–Meier event rates of 0.6% for SCD [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5%–0.9%, n = 43], 0.4% for RSCD (95% CI 0.2%–0.5%, n = 24), and 0.9% for VT/VF (95% CI 0.7%–1.2%, n = 64). In the multivariable model, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of VT, male sex, and longer QRS duration were associated with SCD, RSCD, or VT/VF. A RSCD or VT/VF event was associated with higher 180‐day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 6.6, 95% CI 4.8–9.1, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsApproximately 2% of patients admitted for acute HF experienced SCD, RSCD, or VT/VF within 30 days of admission, and SCD accounted for 17% of all deaths within 30 days.
An Amine Double Functionalized Composite Strategy for CO2 Adsorbent Preparation using a ZSM‐5/KIT‐6 Composite as a Support
Authors: Lin Zhifeng , Wei Jianwen , Geng Linlin , Mei Dejun , Liao Lei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn amine double functionalized composite strategy is used to fabricate grafted‐impregnated micro‐/mesoporous composites for CO2 capture. The micro‐/mesoporous three‐dimensional cross straight zeolite and cubic silica structural ZSM‐5/KIT‐6 composite is used as a support, N1‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (TMPTA) is used as the grafted component, and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) is used as the impregnated component. The amine efficiency, adsorption kinetics, enthalpy of adsorption, thermal stability, regeneration performance, the effects of types of impregnated amines (TEPA or PEI) and loadings (30–60 %), and temperatures (60–90 °C) on CO2 adsorption performance are investigated using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in the mixed gases (15 % CO2 and the balance is N2). At 75 °C, the double functionalized sample with TEPA impregnation displays the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 6.28 mmol g−1 even at high TEPA loading of 60 %, while that of 4.69 mmol g−1 is obtained for the PEI‐impregnated compound at PEI loading of 50 %. The former has higher amine efficiency and faster kinetics as well as higher enthalpy. The composites demonstrate excellent CO2 adsorption performance compared to other amine double functionalized silicas, indicating the prospect of these adsorbents for CO2 capture from actual flue gas after desulfurization (60–85 °C).
Neural mechanism and heritability of complex motor sequence and audiovisual integration: A healthy twin study
Authors: Li Zhi , Huang Jia , Xu Ting , Wang Ya , Li Ke , Zeng Ya‐Wei , Lui Simon S. Y. , Cheung Eric F. C. , Jin Zhen , Dazzan Paola , Glahn David C. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractComplex motor sequencing and sensory integration are two key items in scales assessing neurological soft signs. However, the underlying neural mechanism and heritability of these two functions is not known. Using a healthy twin design, we adopted two functional brain imaging tasks focusing on fist‐edge‐palm (FEP) complex motor sequence and audiovisual integration (AVI). Fifty‐six monozygotic twins and 56 dizygotic twins were recruited in this study. The pre‐ and postcentral, temporal and parietal gyri, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum were activated during the FEP motor sequence, whereas the precentral, temporal, and fusiform gyri, the thalamus, and the caudate were activated during AVI. Activation in the supplementary motor area during FEP motor sequence and activation in the precentral gyrus and the thalamic nuclei during AVI exhibited significant heritability estimates, ranging from 0.5 to 0.62. These results suggest that activation in cortical motor areas, the thalamus and the cerebellum associated with complex motor sequencing and audiovisual integration function may be heritable.
Confirmation of a gyral bias in diffusion MRI fiber tractography
Authors: Schilling Kurt , Gao Yurui , Janve Vaibhav , Stepniewska Iwona , Landman Bennett A. , Anderson Adam W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiffusion MRI fiber tractography has been increasingly used to map the structural connectivity of the human brain. However, this technique is not without limitations; for example, there is a growing concern over anatomically correlated bias in tractography findings. In this study, we demonstrate that there is a bias for fiber tracking algorithms to terminate preferentially on gyral crowns, rather than the banks of sulci. We investigate this issue by comparing diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography with equivalent measures made on myelin‐stained histological sections. We begin by investigating the orientation and trajectories of axons near the white matter/gray matter boundary, and the density of axons entering the cortex at different locations along gyral blades. These results are compared with dMRI orientations and tract densities at the same locations, where we find a significant gyral bias in many gyral blades across the brain. This effect is shown for a range of tracking algorithms, both deterministic and probabilistic, and multiple diffusion models, including the diffusion tensor and a high angular resolution diffusion imaging technique. Additionally, the gyral bias occurs for a range of diffusion weightings, and even for very high‐resolution datasets. The bias could significantly affect connectivity results using the current generation of tracking algorithms.