bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Adult Male and Maturing Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) Persist Across Developmental Stages and Social Upheaval
Authors: Rosenbaum Stacy , Hirwa Jean Paul , Silk Joan B. , Stoinski Tara S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAcross the animal kingdom, long‐term social relationships outside the context of reproductive pair bonds are rare. However, they have been demonstrated in some mammals including primates, cetaceans, and social carnivores. The ontogeny of such relationships is likely to depend on the benefits individuals can gain by cultivating them. Previous studies demonstrated that young mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) have strong relationships with adult males, but little is known about the longevity of these bonds. Here, we examine the temporal stability of proximity relationships between coresident adult male and maturing gorillas in the habituated population monitored by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International's Karisoke Research Center in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. We used spatial proximity data to assess the strength of relationships between adult males and juveniles, and tracked these relationships as the juveniles matured into subadults (3–4 yr later; n = 229 dyads) and then young adults (7 yr later; n = 42 dyads). The proximity relationships of juveniles of both sexes predicted their proximity relationships with adult males in both subadulthood and young adulthood. However some young adult males who had lost their top adult male proximity partner from juvenilehood developed new relationships with older males that had risen in the dominance hierarchy. These data suggest that (1) kin selection may play a more important role in social relationships between potential fathers and adult female offspring than previously suspected, and (2) when maturing males' foremost adult male social partners remain available to them, their relationships can be stable past the age at which younger males become reproductive competitors.
Yoga and compassion meditation program improve quality of life and self‐compassion in family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Danucalov Marcelo AD , Kozasa Elisa H , Afonso Rui F , Galduroz José CF , Leite José R 
Published: December 2015

AimTo investigate the effects of the practice of yoga in combination with compassion meditation on the quality of life, attention, vitality and self‐compassion of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsA total of 46 volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups, the yoga and compassion meditation program group (n = 25), and the control group (CG) that received no treatment (n = 21). The program lasted 8 weeks, and comprised three yoga and meditation practices per week, with each session lasting 1 h and 15 min. Quality of life, attention, vitality, and self‐compassion scores were measured pre‐ and postintervention.ResultsThe yoga and compassion meditation program group showed statistically significant improvements (P < 0.05) on quality of life, attention, vitality and self‐compassion scores as compared with the control group, which showed no statistical significant differences at the postintervention time‐point.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that an 8‐week yoga and compassion meditation program can improve the quality of life, vitality, attention, and self‐compassion of family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 85–91.
Writing within an international context
Authors: Grant Maria J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFor Health Information and Libraries Journal, 2015 has had a distinctly international feel to it, something we have consciously been fostering for the past eight years. This issue is no exception in mirroring the journal’s Regular Feature International Perspectives and Initiatives, edited by Jeannette Murphy, in shining a light on the best international practice the health information and libraries sector has to offer.
Association of the HLA‐G 3′UTR polymorphisms with colorectal cancer in Italy: a first insight
Authors: Garziera M. , Catamo E. , Crovella S. , Montico M. , Cecchin E. , Lonardi S. , Mini E. , Nobili S. , Romanato L. , Toffoli G. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to explore functional and regulatory polymorphisms and haplotypes at the HLA‐G 3′UTR region in colorectal cancer development. The presence of nonpolymorphic variants was also evaluated. Three‐hundred and eight patients with colorectal cancer and 294 healthy controls were analysed at the germinal level. We found an association with increased risk of colorectal cancer for +2960 14‐bp INDEL, +3196 C>G SNPs and UTR‐2 haplotype, and a ‘protective’ role for +3003 T>C, +3010 C>G polymorphisms and UTR‐4 haplotype. We detected in 3 distinct patients, a novel nucleotide change (+3037 C>A) and 2 already described rare variants, +3032 G/C (EUR MAF = 0.1%) and +3092 G/T (EUR MAF = 0%). This is the first study showing associations between different polymorphisms in the HLA‐G 3′UTR and colorectal cancer susceptibility.
Clinical application of neutrophil CD64 quantification for differential diagnosis of acute scrotum
Authors: Hayashi Hirofumi , Mochizuki Taku , Sanjo Hiroyuki , Komiya Akiko , Matsui Toshihiro , Tohma Shigeto , Hirai Kotaro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe management of acute scrotum can be challenging, especially in infants or patients with a neurological or neurodevelopmental disorder in whom presentation, diagnosis and definitive management tends to be delayed. This leads to poor outcomes, such as loss of the affected testis. Here we present two cases of testicular torsion in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, and a further two cases of epidydimo‐orchitis in whom measurement of CD64 expression on neutrophils was helpful for differential diagnosis. These data suggest that the levels of expression of CD64 by neutrophils, known as a marker of infection, could also be useful for differentiating between testicular torsion and infection in acute scrotum.
Porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) vascularises after exposure in open necrotic wounds seen after complex hernia repair
Authors: Gowda Arvind U , Chang Sarah M. , Chopra Karan , Matthews Jamil A , Sabino Jennifer , Stromberg Jeffrey A , Zahiri Hamid R , Pinczewski Joel , Holton Luther H , Silverman Ronald P , Singh Devinder P 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiological alternatives to synthetic meshes are increasingly utilised in complex abdominal wall reconstruction. There is a lack of evidence demonstrating that non‐cross‐linked porcine acellular dermal matrix vascularizes and integrates with human tissue in suboptimal wound conditions. We aimed to evaluate these properties in Strattice™ (Life Cell Inc., Branchburg, NJ) following ventral hernia repair. A retrospective review of patients with high‐risk ventral hernia repair utilising Strattice™ as an onlay after open component separation was conducted. Patients with postoperative wound exploration and exposure of the onlay were included in this review. One patient underwent punch biopsy for histological analysis. Eleven patients with wound complications necessitating postoperative debridement and exposure of Strattice™ onlay were identified. The onlay was partially debrided in two cases, and one case required complete excision. Vascularisation was clinically evident in 10 of 11 cases (91%) as demonstrated by the presence of granulation tissue and/or the ability to support a skin graft. Histological analysis of one onlay 3 months postoperatively showed neovascularisation and collagen remodelling with minimal inflammatory response. Strattice™ demonstrated resistance to rejection, ability to undergo vascularisation and incorporation into host tissues in sub‐optimal wound conditions following ventral hernia repair.
ANCIENT ILLITERACY?
Authors: WOOLF GREG 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Ancient writing is conventionally approached as a counterpart of speech, as in the dyad orality/literacy. Alphabetical writing systems are often regarded as superior precisely because they are better able to record speech. This paper takes inspiration from the work on ancient Near Eastern writing systems and considers ancient literacy as a general competence in handling sign systems that are often as much about numbers and quantities as about phonetic transcription. Means of recording proper names assume a special importance in transactions between strangers, and in documents that circulate without much context. But judged in terms of a capacity to handle numbers, signs, diagrams, and other symbols the debate over ancient literacy, and illiteracy, looks rather different. The paper argues that relative to their need to handle sign systems of this kind, very few members of the ancient world can be considered as functionally illiterate. Moving away from orality/literacy also raises questions about the widespread (but incomplete) spread of alphabets and abjads in the last and first millennia.
WAR AND MEMORY: THE BATTLE OF PSYTTALEIA BEFORE HERODOTUS' HISTORIES
Authors: PROIETTI GIORGIA 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Summary: Before Herodotus, the Persian Wars underwent a multifaceted process of memorialization. As a consequence of the homeostasis of historical memory with contemporary social and semantic needs, pre-Herodoteanand Herodotean narratives about the same event can differ a great deal. This is well exemplified by the development of the historical tradition about the clash between Greeks and Persians at Psyttaleia. Reduced to a trivial appendix to the battle of Salamis by Herodotus, it seems instead to have played a prominent role within Athenian contemporary memory, as both literary and epigraphic evidence suggest. This paper first explores the different phases of the memorialization of Psyttaleia; second, it investigates the reasons for its re-shaping, arguing against political propaganda from above and dwelling instead on the deeper mechanisms of collective memory.
ASPIRATIONS AND IDENTITIES: PROXENIA AT OROPOS DURING THE FOURTH TO SECOND CENTURIES BC
Authors: WILDING ALEXANDRA 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Inscribed grants of proxenia were more than just stone copies of a community's diplomatic and honorific transactions. The paper presented here, which focuses upon the widespread inscription of proxeny decrees at Oropos during the fourth to second centuries BC, argues that the documentation of such awards enabled clear public expression of the multifaceted aspirations and identities a community wished to enunciate; in the case of the Oropian dēmos, it articulated both polis identity and its place within the Boiotian confederacy of the Hellenistic period. The city-stateof Oropos is often perceived as a vulnerable territory with severely limited independence, but this paper, by assessing the features and epigraphical practices of those 275 extant Oropian grants of proxeny status, offers fresh insight into its community's social and political expressions, as well as their ambitions in the late Classical and Hellenistic periods.
BETWEEN UTOPIA AND DYSTOPIA: MOSES FINLEY AND THE ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY VERSUS MOSES FINLEY AND THE ANCIENT ECONOMY
Authors: NAFISSI MOHAMMAD 
Published: December 2015

AbstractModern scholarly accounts of ancient Greece and more particularly the research programme which broadly frames Moses Finley's contributions are generally traced to George Grote's politically anchored History of Greece and re-evaluationof Athenian democracy. However, notwithstanding their far-reachinginfluence, Finley's writings display an exceptional complexity that has invited a wide spectrum of contradictory interpretations and evaluations. This article extends my previous study of Finley's Athens by locating and exploring an unresolved and still significant debate that he held with himself through the major political and economic writings of his last period (1973–85). It thereby discloses the normative, theoretical, and empirical demands that, on the one hand, informed his account of ‘the ancient economy’ and necessitated its overall incoherence, and, on the other, allowed for a coherently normative account of ‘ancient politics’. In the process, some notable claims about Finley's work and politics are clarified, and it is shown why ‘Finley's ghost is [still] everywhere’ even though the short twentieth century that spanned his life, posed its major questions and set the context and constraints of his answers, has long been over.
Within‐female plasticity in sex allocation is associated with a behavioural polyphenism in house wrens
Authors: Bowers E. K. , Thompson C. F. , Sakaluk S. K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSex allocation theory assumes individual plasticity in maternal strategies, but few studies have investigated within‐individual changes across environments. In house wrens, differences between nests in the degree of hatching synchrony of eggs represent a behavioural polyphenism in females, and its expression varies with seasonal changes in the environment. Between‐nest differences in hatching asynchrony also create different environments for offspring, and sons are more strongly affected than daughters by sibling competition when hatching occurs asynchronously over several days. Here, we examined variation in hatching asynchrony and sex allocation, and its consequences for offspring fitness. The number and condition of fledglings declined seasonally, and the frequency of asynchronous hatching increased. In broods hatched asynchronously, sons, which are over‐represented in the earlier‐laid eggs, were in better condition than daughters, which are over‐represented in the later‐laid eggs. Nonetheless, asynchronous broods were more productive later within seasons. The proportion of sons in asynchronous broods increased seasonally, whereas there was a seasonal increase in the production of daughters by mothers hatching their eggs synchronously, which was characterized by within‐female changes in offspring sex and not by sex‐biased mortality. As adults, sons from asynchronous broods were in better condition and produced more broods of their own than males from synchronous broods, and both males and females from asynchronous broods had higher lifetime reproductive success than those from synchronous broods. In conclusion, hatching patterns are under maternal control, representing distinct strategies for allocating offspring within broods, and are associated with offspring sex ratios and differences in offspring reproductive success.
The Midwifery Workforce: ACNM 2012 and AMCB 2013 Core Data
Authors: Fullerton Judith , Sipe Theresa Ann , Hastings‐Tolsma Marie , McFarlin Barbara L. , Schuiling Kerri , Bright Carrie D. , Havens Lori B. , Krulewitch Cara J. 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionCore data are crucial for detailing an accurate profile of the midwifery workforce in the United States. The American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) and the American Midwifery Certification Board, Inc. (AMCB), at the request and with support from the US Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), are engaged in a collaborative effort to develop a data collection strategy (the Midwifery MasterFile) that will reflect demographic and practice characteristics of certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) in the United States.MethodsTwo independent datasets, one collected by ACNM in 2012 and one by AMCB in 2013, were examined to determine key workforce information. ACNM data were collected from the online Core Data Survey sent to ACNM members. AMCB data were extracted from information submitted online by applicants seeking initial certification in 2013 and applicants seeking to recertify following 5 years of initial certification.ResultsThe ACNM 2012 survey was partially or fully completed by 36% (n = 2185) of ACNM members (N = 6072). AMCB respondents included 100% of new certificants (N = 539) and those applying for recertification in 2013 (n = 1323) of the total 11,682 certificants in the AMCB database. These two datasets demonstrate that midwives remain largely white, female, and older in age, with most engaged in clinical midwifery while employed primarily by hospitals and medical centers. Differences were reported between the ACNM membership and AMCB certification datasets in the numbers of midwives holding other certifications, working full‐time, attending births, and providing newborn care.DiscussionThe new collaboration among HRSA, ACNM, and AMCB, represented as the Midwifery MasterFile, provides the opportunity to clearly profile CNMs/CMs, distinct from advanced practice registered nurses, in government reports about the health care workforce. This information is central to identifying and marketing the role and contribution of CNMs/CMs in the provision of primary and reproductive health care services.
Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure by CT‐Defined Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter
Authors: Bekerman Inessa , Kimiagar Itzhak , Sigal Tal , Vaiman Michael 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIntracranial pressure (ICP) can be monitored by the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) technique. We hypothesized that diameter of the optic canal (OC) can be a limiting factor for this technique.METHODSIn the prospective cohort study, we analyzed CT scans of 600 OCs of healthy adults and 54 canals of patients with ICP monitoring. The diameters were measured through its length and the narrowest one was chosen for further analysis. ONSD was measured at 3 and 10 mm from the anterior opening of the canal. The correlation analysis was performed between invasive and ONSD methods of ICP monitoring and OC diameters in pathological cases.RESULTSThe narrowest cross‐sectional area of the normal OC was 13.85±2.89 mm² and varied from 25.5 to 6.6 mm². Apparently 9.17% OCs were narrow (˂10.9 mm²). Correlations exist between the optic nerve sheath area at the 3‐mm distance from the anterior opening of the canal and the area of the anterior opening itself (P = .012), and the sheath area 10 mm from the anterior opening and the narrowest part of the canal (P = .015). Cases with narrow canals provided false‐negative readings via ONSD method if compared with invasive monitoring.CONCLUSIONIn its narrowest part, the average OC is 11 to 16.75 mm² wide. We suggest measuring this area simultaneously with the ONSD during ICP monitoring. If the area of the narrowest lumen of the canal is less than 10 mm², ONSD technique for ICP monitoring should not be used.
Intravenous Thrombolysis Increases the Rate of Dramatic Recovery in Patients with Acute Stroke with an Unknown Onset Time and Negative FLAIR MRI
Authors: Aoki Junya , Sakamoto Yuki , Kimura Kazumi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe safety and feasibility of intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV‐tPA) were retrospectively compared between patients with unknown onset time and no ischemia on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (negative FLAIR) and patients receiving standard therapy.METHODSAcute stroke patients with unknown onset times were treated using IV‐tPA if they had: negative FLAIR; internal carotid artery and/or middle cerebral artery occlusion; and a diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score ≥5. All patients had abnormal DWI scans indicating an acute stroke. IV‐tPA therapy was performed within 3‐4.5 h of first found abnormal time (FAT). Patients who were admitted within 3‐4.5 h of FAT and did not receive IV‐tPA therapy despite the same imaging findings were extracted from our registry as controls.RESULTSThere were 24 patients in the IV‐tPA group and 28 in the control group. None of the IV‐tPA group and 1 (4%) of the control group patients experienced symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (P = 1.000). The rate of dramatic recovery at day 7 (≥10‐point reduction in the total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score or NIHSS score of 0‐1) was 46% in the IV‐tPA group and 18% in the control group (P = .038). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that IV‐tPA was an independent predictor of dramatic recovery at day 7 (odds ratio 13.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.95‐96.92; P = .009).CONCLUSIONSIV‐tPA may safely increase the rate of dramatic recovery in acute stroke patients with unknown onset times and negative FLAIR.
Chiropractic abnormalities of the lumbar spine significantly associated with urinary incontinence and retention in dogs
Authors: Thude T. R. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVESTo retrospectively summarise chiropractic findings in dogs presented in a veterinary practice with urinary incontinence and urinary retention over a 6‐year period, and compare these to non‐urinary patients presented during the same time period.METHODSTwenty‐two cases were included in the study. They all first underwent a standard clinical examination to rule out or treat other possible causes of their urinary problems. They then underwent chiropractic examination and hypomobility findings were recorded using Gonstead listings. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the occurrence of chiropractic findings in urinary versus non‐urinary patients for each vertebra in the lumbar, sacral and ilial regions.RESULTSAll patients had chiropractic findings in the lumbar region that differed from non‐urinary patients. The urinary patients were significantly more likely to have chiropractic findings in L3 (OR=4 · 81; 95%CI: 2 · 02 to 11 · 44; P = 0 · 0004), L4 (OR=6 · 85; 95%CI: 2 · 63 to 17 · 84; P = 0 · 0001) and L5 (OR=3 · 98; 95%CI: 1 · 64 to 9 · 69; P = 0 · 0023). In addition, urinary patients were significantly less likely to have chiropractic findings associated with the ilium (OR=0 · 26; 95%CI: 0 · 11 to 0 · 66; P = 0 · 0043).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis is the first report of an association between chiropractic findings in the lumbar vertebrae and urinary incontinence and retention in dogs.
The mammals of northernMelanesia: speciation, ecology, and biogeography
Authors: Lavery Tyrone H. , Olds Andrew D. , Seddon Jennifer M. , Leung Luke K.‐P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnalyses of the distributions of northernMelanesia's avifauna have helped researchers formulate major theories of evolution, speciation, and biogeography. In comparison, the region's mammalian fauna has been the subject of few empirical analyses of biogeography. Knowledge of mammalian biogeography is needed to formulate sound conservation strategies for mammals in the region and will help further advance these theories.We aim to assess the relative importance of biogeographic variables to mammalian zoogeography in northernMelanesia and empirically describe patterns of species richness.Using published literature, museum data bases and our own surveys, we compiled mammal inventories for 75 islands found within northernMelanesia (comprising theAdmiralty,Bismarck,D‘Entrecasteaux,Louisiade,Solomon, andTrobriandArchipelagos). We used direct comparisons of family compositions andOchiai and endemism indices to compare mammal assemblages between island groups and a definedNewGuinea source pool region. Generalised linear models and non‐parametric multivariate analyses were used to identify, and rank, the importance of local and regional scale abiotic variables for mammalian species richness.NorthernMelanesia's islands are depauperate in marsupials and have a moderate diversity of insectivorous bats and a diversity of pteropodid bats that exceeds that known to occur in the adjacent northeastern area ofNewGuinea. TheSolomonIslands are conspicuous for their outstandingly high mammalian endemism.The mammalian fauna of northernMelanesia's islands was related primarily to island size and secondarily to isolation. Island size best explained inter‐island variation in total mammal species richness and bat species richness. The linear distance toNewGuinea best explained the species richness of non‐volant mammals. Our results reveal islands that are in need of survey focus because their mammal inventories are lower than expected for their size, and we highlight areas of endemism where conservation actions might be prioritised to prevent species extinctions.