bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iTBAformer: A Time Series Modeling and Prediction Framework Based on Time Block Attention Mechanism
Authors: Fang Chengyuan , Zhang Ke , Qiu Sa , Zhou Sihao , Zhong Yang , Zhang Lang , Jiao Pengju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Transformer is a widely used model in time series forecasting tasks. Recent research, iTransformer, has made significant improvements to the traditional methods, achieving remarkable results. However, encoding an entire single-variable sequence into an embedding vector can result in temporal information loss. Additionally, traditional methods typically handle one-dimensional time series, facing significant challenges in feature learning due to complex temporal patterns. Although multivariate time series offer richer information, their disrupted original ordering complicates capturing abstract relationships. To address these issues, this paper proposes a time series forecasting model that relies on Time block attention mechanism(iTBAformer) to model the relationships of full-variable time blocks, with the following two improvements. Firstly, multidimensional time blocks containing more temporal information are used instead of single time steps. Time blocks with multiple time step features can better express the changing patterns of time series. Secondly, the time block attention mechanism based on Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) is applied to capture the potential temporal relationships. GNN works better for time blocks where the original ordering relationship is broken and contains complex relationships. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms baseline models in prediction performance on public datasets.
Effectiveness of home-based exercise programme in improving function, activity and participation for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Chimereze Ngozika Roselyn , Fortwengel Gerhard , John Jeneviv Nene , Ibeneme Georgian Chiaka , Nwosu Akachukwu Omumuagwula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor impairments that impact children's activities of daily living (ADL). Home-based exercise programs (HEPs) are emerging as a promising intervention. The question arises: What is the effectiveness of home exercise programme in the management of function, activity of daily living and participation in children with cerebral palsy?
Methods
A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines across six databases: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), and MEDLINE for studies published up to June 2024. Studies assessing the impact of HEPs on motor function and ADL in children with CP were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model, with standardized mean difference (SMD) as the summary statistic. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
Six high-quality studies involving 310 participants (111 females, 137 males, and 62 of unspecified gender) aged 2 to 16 years met the inclusion criteria. The HEPs included Wii Sports Resort™ training, constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), strength training, and intensive bimanual training (IBT), with varying frequencies and durations. The meta-analysis revealed a small, positive, but statistically non-significant improvement in motor function (SMD = 0.033, 95% CI -0.106 to 0.156, p = 0.664, I² = 20.49%). Both studies assessing ADL, involving 139 participants, reported positive improvements, while no study examined participation.
Conclusion
Home-based exercise programs show a trend toward improving motor function and ADL in children with CP, though the results were not statistically significant. Further research is needed to optimize these programs, explore long-term outcomes with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods and assess their impact on participation.
A Study on Regional Differences and Convergence of Nursing Human Resource Levels in the Yangtze River Economic Belt：An Empirical Study
Authors: Chen Jieting , Liu Yongjin , Qu Yanbo , Xing Juan , Zhu Yan , Li Xinyue , Wu Xiangwei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as a core economic region in China, is facing the dual challenges of an aging population and growing healthcare demand, and the balanced development and optimal allocation of nursing human resources is crucial to the region's healthcare system. An in-depth study of the regional differences and convergence of nursing human resources in the region will provide a key basis for policy makers to achieve equity and efficiency in healthcare services and meet the growing demand for healthcare.Aim To analyze the regional differences and convergence characteristics of nursing human resource levels in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and to provide scientific references for optimizing regional nursing human resource allocation.Methods Based on the panel data of 107 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020, the regional differences and their sources were analyzed by using Dagum's Gini coefficient, and the convergence characteristics were examined by the coefficient of variation and spatial convergence model.Results The average water value of nursing human resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is 2,132,300,000, with obvious regional differences, and the hypervariable density difference (53.01%) is the main source of the regional differences; there are obvious trends of σ-convergence and conditional β-convergence of the level of nursing human resources in the overall and the three major regions of the upstream, midstream, and downstream, and different factors have different moderating effects on the speed of spatial convergence in the other areas.Conclusion The implementation of precise policies for nursing human resources in different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt steadily reduces the regional differences between the upper, middle, and lower reaches and enhances the spatial linkage between regions of nursing human resources to improve the quality of nursing human resources.
Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Studies, Microbial Activity, Larvicidal Activity and Theoretical Biological Potential of various Imidazole Scaffolds
Authors: Rayate Ankita M. , Gaware Manoj R. , Lokhande Dnyaneshwar D. , Kategaonkar Amol H. , Bhagare Arun M. , Shelke Bharat N. , Kale Avinash S. , Bhamare Sapana S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper we have reported synthesis evaluation imidazole by solvent free multi component scaffolds (NEAT Reaction) by simple and very effective protocol. The compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, Mass and I.R spectral studies. The theoretical interpretations of synthesized compounds with optimized by 6-311 + + G(d, p) basic set and different parameters using Gaussion-09 software .The PASS web-based application gave predicts the biological activity spectrum of a compound based on structure. It is useful to estimate the probable biological activity profile. The analysis shows that compound 6b shows high activity for Antieczematic and Gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor) inhibitor (Pa > 0.07). The bioactivity against Etiella zinkenella was evaluated. The result obtained showed a significant (P < 0.06) larvicidal activity with Lethal concentration (LC50) = 0.22 ppm for compound 6d at concentration ranging between 0.02–0.08 ppm.
Regulation of Partial Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by circATXN1 in Ischemic Diseases
Authors: Gao Lu , Li Yue , zheng zhe , Li Yanze , Fan Siyuan , Kong Lingyao , Fu Wanrong , Li Zhonggen , Zhang Jianchao , Li Shuang , Cao Jinhua , Hao Zhenxuan , Xiao Lili , Du Youyou , Wang Xiaofang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We conducted circRNA sequencing of endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to hypoxia and serum deprivation to ascertain molecules linked to partial or transient mesenchymal activation in endothelial cells (ECs) following tissue ischemia/hypoxia. The outcome demonstrated that the circATXN1 expression was significantly raised. Herein, we estimated the circATXN1 function in regulating mesenchymal characteristics during the partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and its impact on angiogenesis. Over-expression of circATXN1 inhibited mesenchymal traits in endothelial cells, whereas circATXN1 knockdown promoted partial EndMT by upregulating mesenchymal markers and partially reducing endothelial markers. In vivo, circATXN1 knockdown enhanced angiogenesis and functional recovery post-ischemia, while circATXN1 overexpression impeded these processes. Mechanistically, circATXN1 specifically stabilized SLUG mRNA by interacting with ALKBH5, an mRNA demethylase, without altering its transcription. CircATXN1 regulated the subcellular localization of ALKBH5, preventing its nuclear entry and thus stabilizing SLUG mRNA via decreased m6A methylation. This interaction was confirmed through RNA pulldown, LC-MS/MS, and RIP assays. Our findings position circATXN1 as a crucial regulator in ischemic diseases, particularly in angiogenesis. CircATXN1’s downregulation enhances SLUG-mediated partial EndMT, leading to increased ECs proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Targeting circATXN1 with RNA interference (RNAi) represents a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic disorders.
Genetic and neuro-epigenetic effects of divergent artificial selection for feather pecking behaviour in chickens
Authors: Haas Elske N. , Pértille Fábio , Kjaer Joergen B. , Jensen Per , Guerrero-Bosagna Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Feather pecking (FP) is a repetitive behavior in chickens, influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, similar to behaviors seen in human developmental disorders (e.g., hyperactivity, autism). This study examines genetic and neuro-epigenetic factors in the thalamus of chickens from lines selected for seven generations for high or low FP behavior (HFP or LFP). We integrate data on DMRs, SNPs, and CNVs in this controlled artificial selection process. Significant differences in behavior, immunology, and neurology have been reported in these lines. We identified 710 new SNPs related to FP, and found that CNVs was the omic level most affected during selection. The largest CNVs found were in RIC3 (gain in HFP) and SH3RF2 (gain in LFP) genes, linked to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulation and human oncogenesis, respectively. Our study also suggests that promoters and introns are hotspots for CpG depletion. The overlapping of the omic levels investigated here with data from a public FP QTL database revealed novel candidate genes for understanding repetitive behaviors, such as RTKN2, associated with Alzheimer’s disease in humans. This study suggests CNVs as a crucial initial step for genomic diversification, potentially more impactful than SNPs.
Comparative Analysis of Macular Choroidal Thickness in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma, Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, and Healthy Controls
Authors: Chatterjee Ananya , Ambiya Vikas , Kapoor Gaurav , Sharma Vijay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To compare macular choroidal thickness (CT) among eyes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy control eyes.
Methods
The study compared macular CT among 60 eyes in each of PEG (Group A), POAG (Group B) and age and sex matched healthy controls (Group C). Key inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, BCVA ≥ 20/40 and IOP ≥ 21 mmHg. Exclusion criteria were axial length ≥ 25 mm, neurological disorders, retinal or choroidal diseases. Enhanced-depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI- SD OCT) was used to measure the choroidal thicknesses across all zones of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid of all subjects.
Results
The average macular CT showed a significant decrease in PEG compared to controls (p = 0.02). CT was also thinner in PEG in the nasal inner (p = 0.03), superior inner (p = 0.01), inferior inner (p = 0.01), superior outer (p = 0.01), and temporal outer (p = 0.03) subfields of the macula compared to controls. In POAG, thinner choroid was observed in the central (p = 0.02), nasal inner (p = 0.02), and superior inner (p = 0.02) subfields compared to controls. When comparing PEG to POAG, thinner choroid was seen in the inferior inner subfield of the macula in PEG (p = 0.01).
Conclusion
The significant thinning observed in various macular subfields of PEG and POAG groups, underscores the importance of evaluating CT alterations in glaucoma.
Task success in trained spiking neural network models coincides with emergence of cross-stimulus-modulated inhibition
Authors: Zhu Yuqing , Smith Chadbourne M. B. , Jabri Tarek , Tang Mufeng , Scherr Franz , MacLean Jason N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The neocortex is composed of spiking neurons interconnected in a sparse, recurrent network. Spiking within neocortical networks drives the computational processes that convert sensory inputs into suitable behavioral responses. In this study, we train biologically realistic recurrent spiking neural network (SNN) models and identify the architectural changes following training which enable task-appropriate computations. Specifically, we employ a binary state change detection task, where each state is defined by motion entropy. This task mirrors behavioral paradigms that are performed in the lab. SNNs are composed of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory units with connection likelihoods and strengths matched to mouse neocortex. Following training, we discover that SNNs selectively adjust firing rates depending on motion entropy state, and that excitatory and inhibitory connectivity between input and recurrent layers change in accordance with this rate modulation. Recurrent inhibitory units which positively modulate firing rates to one input strengthened their connections to recurrent units of the opposite modulation. This specific pattern of cross-modulation inhibition emerged as the solution regardless of the output encoding schemes when imposing Dale’s law throughout training of the SNNs. Disrupting spike times and recurrent excitatory connectivity significantly impaired performance, indicating that precise spike coordination and recurrent excitation are critical for the network's behavior. Using a one-hot output encoding resulted in balanced spike rates in response to the two different motion entropy states. With this balance, the same cross-modulation inhibition solution emerged. This work underscores the crucial role of interneurons and specific inhibitory architectural patterns in shaping dynamics and enabling information processing within neocortical circuits.
A clear distinction and presence of Acropora divaricata within Acropora solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East-Asia
Authors: Chow Savanna Wenhua , Chen Chih-Hsun , Tsai Du-Yang , Mezaki Takuma , Kubota Satoshi , Keshavmurthy Shashank , Chen Chaolun Allen , Hsieh Hernyi Justin , Baird Andrew H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In the Anthropocene, scleractinian corals face unprecedented threats from synergistic stressors, including rising seawater temperatures that surpass critical thresholds that lead to global coral reef degradation. With over 1,698 coral species in the order Scleractinia, their conservation is increasingly complex due to their morphological plasticity and the challenge of accurate species identification. The genus Acropora, with approximately 400 nominal species, exemplifies these challenges, as morphological traits often vary within and among species, complicating taxonomic efforts. Traditional methods based on skeletal characteristics are insufficient for delineating Acropora species, prompting the use of integrative approaches combining morphology, reproduction, and molecular data. In this study, we employ multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphometric measurements to distinguish different growth forms of Acropora solitaryensis as distinct species and delineate the species range boundaries of A. divaricata and A. solitaryensis in East Asian coral ecosystems. We identify arborescent and intermediate morphotypes belonging to A. divaricata, which is distributed from tropical reefs in southeastern Taiwan to temperate non-reefal communities in Shikoku, Japan. Conversely, the solid-plate morphotype aligns with A. solitaryensis from the holotype locality in Solitary Island, Australia, found primarily in subtropical non-reefal regions in northern Taiwan and Japan. The distinct distribution patterns of A. divaricata and A. solitaryensis underscore the necessity for biogeographic sampling in Acroporataxonomy, considering the Kuroshio Current's impact on coral distributions, and a re-evaluation of poleward coral migration or expansion due to climate change. Our findings challenge the traditional taxonomy of A. divaricata and A. solitaryensis, revealing that they may instead encompass multiple species. This has significant implications for coral conservation strategies, as accurate species identification is crucial for understanding coral responses to environmental changes and for informing conservation efforts in the face of climate change.
Bacterial membrane nanovesicles encapsulating prodrug assemblies combine chemical and immunological therapies for chronic bacterial infection management
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Yuanfeng , He Wei , Piao Yinzi , Wang Yumeng , Peng Mengna , Li Huaping , Hu Rongdang , Li Dongdong , Shi Linqi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Addressing the challenges of drug delivery to infection sites and modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment are critical hurdles in treating chronic bacterial infections, characterized by intracellular bacteria and resilient biofilms. To overcome these barriers, we report a multifunctional nanomedicine (CpE@BMV). The prodrug conjugate (CpE), composed of two phenylboronic acid-modified ciprofloxacin (Cip-pba) molecules and ellagic acid (Ea), self-assembles due to its amphiphilic nature. Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) derived from Escherichia coli aid in CpE assembly and structural stabilization. Upon administration, pathogen-associated molecular patterns on CpE@BMV engage toll-like receptors on macrophages, activating these cells and enhancing their phagocytic response. Once internalized, CpE responds to elevated intracellular H₂O₂ levels, releasing Cip to eliminate intracellular bacteria. Additionally, Ea scavenges excess reactive oxygen species in inflamed macrophages and modulates the expression of inflammatory factors, preventing an exaggerated inflammatory response. The CpE@BMV formulation also penetrates biofilms, eliminating bacteria and releasing antigens. These antigens are transported to draining lymph nodes, where they induce dendritic cell maturation and trigger a robust T and B cell-mediated immune response, helping restore immune balance and combat pathogens effectively. Therefore, our CpE@BMV provide an efficient strategy combining chemical and immunological therapies for chronic bacterial infection management.
Accuracy of a Commercial Large Language Model (ChatGPT) to Perform Disaster Triage of Simulated Patients Using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) Protocol: Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Study
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Micheal , Hertelendy Attila Julius , Cheng Lenard , Hata Ryan , Verde Manuela 
Published: September 2024

Background
The release of ChatGPT (OpenAI) in November 2022 drastically reduced the barrier to using artificial intelligence by allowing a simple web-based text interface to a large language model (LLM). One use case where ChatGPT could be useful is in triaging patients at the site of a disaster using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) protocol. However, LLMs experience several common errors including hallucinations (also called confabulations) and prompt dependency.

Objective
This study addresses the research problem: “Can ChatGPT adequately triage simulated disaster patients using the START protocol?” by measuring three outcomes: repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy.

Methods
Nine prompts were developed by 5 disaster medicine physicians. A Python script queried ChatGPT Version 4 for each prompt combined with 391 validated simulated patient vignettes. Ten repetitions of each combination were performed for a total of 35,190 simulated triages. A reference standard START triage code for each simulated case was assigned by 2 disaster medicine specialists (JMF and MV), with a third specialist (LC) added if the first two did not agree. Results were evaluated using a gage repeatability and reproducibility study (gage R and R). Repeatability was defined as variation due to repeated use of the same prompt. Reproducibility was defined as variation due to the use of different prompts on the same patient vignette. Accuracy was defined as agreement with the reference standard.

Results
Although 35,102 (99.7%) queries returned a valid START score, there was considerable variability. Repeatability (use of the same prompt repeatedly) was 14% of the overall variation. Reproducibility (use of different prompts) was 4.1% of the overall variation. The accuracy of ChatGPT for START was 63.9% with a 32.9% overtriage rate and a 3.1% undertriage rate. Accuracy varied by prompt with a maximum of 71.8% and a minimum of 46.7%.

Conclusions
This study indicates that ChatGPT version 4 is insufficient to triage simulated disaster patients via the START protocol. It demonstrated suboptimal repeatability and reproducibility. The overall accuracy of triage was only 63.9%. Health care professionals are advised to exercise caution while using commercial LLMs for vital medical determinations, given that these tools may commonly produce inaccurate data, colloquially referred to as hallucinations or confabulations. Artificial intelligence–guided tools should undergo rigorous statistical evaluation—using methods such as gage R and R—before implementation into clinical settings.