bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new analytical solar radiation pressure model for current BeiDou satellites: IGGBSPM
Authors: Tan Bingfeng , Yuan Yunbin , Zhang Baocheng , Hsu Hou Ze , Ou Jikun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn analytical solar radiation pressure (SRP) model, IGGBSPM (an abbreviation for Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics BeiDou Solar Pressure Model), has been developed for three BeiDou satellite types, namely, geostationary orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO), based on a ray-tracing method. The performance of IGGBSPM was assessed based on numerical integration, SLR residuals and analyses of empirical SRP parameters (except overlap computations). The numerical results show that the integrated orbit resulting from IGGBSPM differs from the precise ephemerides by approximately 5 m and 2 m for GEO and non-GEO satellites, respectively. Moreover, when IGGBSPM is used as an a priori model to enhance the ECOM (5-parameter) model with stochastic pulses, named ECOM + APR, for precise orbit determination, the SLR RMS residual improves by approximately 20–25 percent over the ECOM-only solution during the yaw-steering period and by approximately 40 percent during the yaw-fixed period. For the BeiDou GEO01 satellite, improvements of 18 and 32 percent can be achieved during the out-of-eclipse season and during the eclipse season, respectively. An investigation of the estimated ECOM D0 parameters indicated that the β-angle dependence that is evident in the ECOM-only solution is no longer present in the ECOM + APR solution.
A nanostructured surface increases friction exponentially at the solid-gas interface
Authors: Phani Arindam , Putkaradze Vakhtang , Hawk John E. , Prashanthi Kovur , Thundat Thomas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAccording to Stokes’ law, a moving solid surface experiences viscous drag that is linearly related to its velocity and the viscosity of the medium. The viscous interactions result in dissipation that is known to scale as the square root of the kinematic viscosity times the density of the gas. We observed that when an oscillating surface is modified with nanostructures, the experimentally measured dissipation shows an exponential dependence on kinematic viscosity. The surface nanostructures alter solid-gas interplay greatly, amplifying the dissipation response exponentially for even minute variations in viscosity. Nanostructured resonator thus allows discrimination of otherwise narrow range of gaseous viscosity making dissipation an ideal parameter for analysis of a gaseous media. We attribute the observed exponential enhancement to the stochastic nature of interactions of many coupled nanostructures with the gas media.
Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations Between the Lobar Segments of the Inferior Fronto-occipital Fasciculus and Attention
Authors: Leng Yuan , Shi Yonggang , Yu Qiaowen , Van Horn John Darrell , Tang Haiyan , Li Junning , Xu Wenjian , Ge Xinting , Tang Yuchun , Han Yan , Zhang Dong , Xiao Min , Zhang Huaqiang , Pang Zengchang , Toga Arthur W. , Liu Shuwei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAttention deficits may present dysfunctions in any one or two components of attention (alerting, orienting, and executive control (EC)). However, these various forms of attention deficits generally have abnormal microstructure integrity of inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). In this work, we aim to deeply explore: (1) associations between microstructure integrities of IFOF (including frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular segments) and attention by means of structural equation models and multiple regression analyses; (2) genetic/environmental effects on IFOF, attention, and their correlations using bivariate genetic analysis. EC function was attributed to the fractional anisotropy (FA) of left (correlation was driven by genetic and environmental factors) and right IFOF (correlation was driven by environmental factors), especially to left frontal part and right occipital part (correlation was driven by genetic factors). Alerting was associated with FA in parietal and insular parts of left IFOF. No significant correlation was found between orienting and IFOF. This study revealed the advantages of lobar-segmental analysis in structure-function correlation study and provided the anatomical basis for kinds of attention deficits. The common genetic/environmental factors implicated in the certain correlations suggested the common physiological mechanisms for two traits, which should promote the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting IFOF and attention.
Zombie Shakespeare
Authors: Cummings Brian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe year 2016 has seen an unprecedented level of interest occasioned by the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s death. This interest is in marked contrast to the surviving information concerning the event: the cause, place and even date of Shakespeare’s demise are all unknown. Moreover, attention to the mere fact of death adds nothing to knowledge of Shakespeare’s work; rather it distracts attention. This article surveys the anniversary celebrations in relation to the contrasting life records, arguing that the Anniversary has produced a “Zombie Shakespeare”, a twenty-first century biographical fantasy indicative of commodification rather than literary or creative imagination. This article is published as part of a collection on Shakespeare studies.
CCQM-K48.2014: assay of potassium chloride
Authors: Liandi M A , Bing W U , Mariassy Michal , Pratt Kenneth W , Hwang Euijin , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Kozlowski Wladyslaw , Borges Paulo Paschoal , Waters Jason F , Suzuki Toshihiro , Shimolin Alexandr , Terentiev Gennady , Dobrovolskiy Vladimir 
Published: September 2016

The CCQM-K48.2014 (CCQM-K114) key comparison for determination of the purity of potassium chloride was organized jointly by the inorganic analysis and electrochemical analysis working groups of CCQM to repeat a sub-set of comparisons to support CMC claims for all institutes in the relevant ranges with timely experimental data to measure the amount content of chloride in KCl. National Institute of Metrology P.R.China (NIM) acted as the coordinating laboratory of this comparison. Ten NMIs participated in this key comparison. All participants used coulometry and all of them analyzed the bromine impurity in the sample and made corrections. In general a very good overlap of results was observed and also the results for bromide are consistent with one exception.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Electron collisionless damping of the geodesic acoustic mode in rotating tokamak plasmas
Authors: Xie Baoyi , Guo Wenfeng , Gong Xueyu , Yu Jun , Chen You , Cao Jinjia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Collisionless damping of the geodesic acoustic mode due to electron dynamics in rotating tokamak plasmas is investigated. A dispersion relation of the geodesic acoustic mode with a non-adiabatic electron response in a rotating tokamak is derived and solved both analytically and numerically. It is found that the collisionless damping of the geodesic acoustic mode, due to electron dynamics, significantly increases with the increasing toroidal rotation, especially in the large safety factor regime. The rotation-induced frequency up-shift of the geodesic acoustic mode increases the resonant velocity, which enables a larger number of electrons to resonate with the geodesic acoustic mode. The significant increase of the number of the resonant electrons significantly enhances the collisionless damping of the geodesic acoustic mode. The result indicates that in rotating tokamak plasmas a more complete picture of the geodesic acoustic mode should include the electron dynamics.
Summary of the 1st International Workshop on Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power
Authors: Wu Y. , Stevens E. , Kim K. , Maisonnier D. , Kalashnikov A. , Tobita K. , Jackson D. , Alejaldre C. , Perrault D. , Panayotov D. , Merrill B. , Grisolia C. , Zucchetti M. , Pinna T. , van Houtte D. , Konishi S. , Kolbasov B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The 1st International workshop on Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power (ESEFP) was held on 13 September 2015 at Jeju Island, South Korea. The workshop was initiated by the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement on a Co-operative Program on ESEFP. The workshop was well attended with about forty participants representing twelve institutions in ten countries. The presentations covered safety issues and environmental impacts, availability improvement and risk control and socio-economic aspects of fusion power. Safety and licensing gaps between DEMO and ITER were discussed in depth with the consensus output presented as a plenary presentation at the 12th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-12). The next workshop is planned to be held in conjunction with the ISFNT-13 in 2017.
MOCCA-SURVEY Database – I. Coalescing binary black holes originating from globular clusters
Authors: Askar Abbas , Szkudlarek Magdalena , Gondek-Rosińska Dorota , Giersz Mirek , Bulik Tomasz 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this first of a series of papers, we utilize results for around 2000 star cluster models simulated using the mocca code for star cluster evolution (Survey Database I) to determine the astrophysical properties and local merger rate densities for coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) originating from globular clusters (GCs). We extracted information for all coalescing BBHs that escape the cluster models and subsequently merge within a Hubble time along with BBHs that are retained in our GC models and merge inside the cluster via gravitational wave emission. By obtaining results from a substantial number of realistic star cluster models that cover different initial parameters, we have an extremely large statistical sample of BBHs with stellar mass and massive stellar BH (≲100 Mȯ) components that merge within a Hubble time. Using these data, we estimate local merger rate densities for these BBHs originating from GCs to be at least 5.4 Gpc−3 yr−1.
Clinical Risk Factors for Head Impact During Falls in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Long-Term Care
Authors: Yang Yijian , Mackey Dawn C. , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Leung Pet-Ming , Feldman Fabio , Robinovitch Stephen N. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
To examine risk factors associated with head impact during falls in older adults in long-term care (LTC).

Setting:
Two LTC facilities in British Columbia, Canada.

Participants:
160 LTC residents.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Main Measures:
Between 2007 and 2014, we video captured 520 falls experienced by participants. Each fall video was analyzed to determine whether impact occurred to the head. Using generalized estimating equation models, we examined how head impact was associated with other fall characteristics and health status prior to the fall.

Results:
Head impact occurred in 33% of falls. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment were at higher risk for head impact (odds ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-5.0) than those with more severe cognitive impairment. Impaired vision was associated with 2.0-fold (1.3-3.0) higher odds of head impact. Women were 2.2 times (1.4-3.3) more likely than men to impact their head during a fall.

Conclusion:
Head impact is common during falls in LTC, with less cognitively impaired, female residents who suffered from visual impairment, being most likely to impact their head. Future research should focus on improving our ability to detect neural consequences of head impact and evaluating the effect of interventions for reducing the risk for fall-related head injuries in LTC.
Implicit level set algorithms for modelling hydraulic fracture propagation
Authors: Peirce A. 
Published: September 2016

Hydraulic fractures are tensile cracks that propagate in pre-stressed solid media due to the injection of a viscous fluid. Developing numerical schemes to model the propagation of these fractures is particularly challenging due to the degenerate, hypersingular nature of the coupled integro-partial differential equations. These equations typically involve a singular free boundary whose velocity can only be determined by evaluating a distinguished limit. This review paper describes a class of numerical schemes that have been developed to use the multiscale asymptotic behaviour typically encountered near the fracture boundary as multiple physical processes compete to determine the evolution of the fracture. The fundamental concepts of locating the free boundary using the tip asymptotics and imposing the tip asymptotic behaviour in a weak form are illustrated in two quite different formulations of the governing equations. These formulations are the displacement discontinuity boundary integral method and the extended finite-element method. Practical issues are also discussed, including new models for proppant transport able to capture ‘tip screen-out’; efficient numerical schemes to solve the coupled nonlinear equations; and fast methods to solve resulting linear systems. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the numerical schemes. We conclude the paper with open questions for further research. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy and the subsurface’.
Computational sciences in the upstream oil and gas industry
Authors: Halsey Thomas C. 
Published: September 2016

The predominant technical challenge of the upstream oil and gas industry has always been the fundamental uncertainty of the subsurface from which it produces hydrocarbon fluids. The subsurface can be detected remotely by, for example, seismic waves, or it can be penetrated and studied in the extremely limited vicinity of wells. Inevitably, a great deal of uncertainty remains. Computational sciences have been a key avenue to reduce and manage this uncertainty. In this review, we discuss at a relatively non-technical level the current state of three applications of computational sciences in the industry. The first of these is seismic imaging, which is currently being revolutionized by the emergence of full wavefield inversion, enabled by algorithmic advances and petascale computing. The second is reservoir simulation, also being advanced through the use of modern highly parallel computing architectures. Finally, we comment on the role of data analytics in the upstream industry.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy and the subsurface’.
An unusual case of thoracic empyema caused by Granulicatella elegans (nutritionally variant streptococci) in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Mvelase Nomonde R. , Marajh Kanitha , Hattingh Olga , Mlisana Koleka P. 
Published: September 2016

Introduction:
Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are an infrequent cause of human infection with Granulicatella elegans being the least encountered species in clinical specimens. The most common infection caused by NVS is infective endocarditis.

Case Presentation:
We report an unusual case of thoracic empyema due to G. elegans in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus infection. The patient responded favourably to drainage and penicillin.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates that even though TB is responsible for the majority of pleural effusions in this setting, other rare opportunistic bacteria may cause infection in susceptible patients. Therefore, microbiological investigations should be performed in all patients presenting with pleural effusion.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on cardiorespiratory function and exercise performance
Authors: Caron Joanie , duManoir Gregory R. , Labrecque Lawrence , Chouinard Audrey , Ferland Annie , Poirier Paul , Legault Sylvie , Brassard Patrice 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of well-controlled uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (T2D) on exercise performance. Six obese sedentary men with T2D and 7 control participants without diabetes matched for age, sex and body mass index were recruited. Anthropometric characteristics, blood samples, resting cardiac and pulmonary functions and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilatory threshold were measured on a first visit. On the four subsequent visits, participants performed step transitions (6 min) of moderate-intensity exercise on an upright cycle ergometer from unloaded pedaling to 80 % of ventilatory threshold. VO2(τVO2) and HR (τHR) kinetics were characterized with a mono-exponential model. VO2max (27.8±4.0 vs. 27.5±5.3 ml kg-1min-1; p=0.95), τVO2(43±6 vs. 43±10 s; p=0.73) and τHR (42±17 vs. 43±13 s; p=0.94) were similar between diabetics and controls respectively. The remaining variables were also similar between groups. These results suggest that well-controlled T2D is not associated with a reduction in VO2max or slower τVO2and τHR.
Behavioral syndromes can reduce population density: behavior and demographic heterogeneity
Authors: Kendall Bruce E. , Fox Gordon A. , Stover Joseph P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBehavioral syndromes are widely recognized as important for ecology and evolution, but most predictions about ecological impacts are based on conceptual models and are therefore imprecise. Borrowing insights from the theory of demographic heterogeneity, we derived insights about the population-dynamic effects of behavioral syndromes. If some individuals are consistently more aggressive than others, not just in interspecific contests, but also in foraging, mating, and anti-predator behavior, then population dynamics could be affected by the resulting heterogeneity in demographic rates. We modeled a population with a boldness-aggressiveness syndrome (with the individual's trait constant through life), showing that the mortality cost of boldness causes aggressive individuals to die earlier, on average, than their non-aggressive siblings. The equilibrium frequency of the aggressive type is strongly affected by the mortality cost of boldness, but not directly by the reproductive benefit of aggressiveness. Introducing aggressive types into a homogeneous non-aggressive population increases the average per-capita mortality rate at equilibrium; under many conditions, this reduces the equilibrium density. One such condition is that the reproductive benefit of aggression is frequency dependent and the population has evolved to equalize the expected fitness of the two types. Finally, if the intensity of aggressiveness can evolve, then the population is likely to evolve to an evolutionarily stable trait value under biologically reasonable assumptions. This analysis shows how a formal model can predict both how a syndrome affects population dynamics and how the population processes constrain evolution of the trait; we suggest some concrete predictions.
A Multi-Crystal Method for Extracting Obscured Signal from Crystallographic Electron Density
Authors: Pearce Nicholas M , Bradley Anthony R , Collins Patrick , Krojer Tobias , Nowak Radoslaw P , Talon Romain , Marsden Brian D , Kelm Sebastian , Shi Jiye , Deane Charlotte M , von Delft Frank 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMacromolecular crystallography is relied on to reveal subtle atomic difference between samples (e.g. ligand binding); yet their detection and modelling is subjective and ambiguous density is experimentally common, since molecular states of interest are generally only fractionally present. The existing approach relies on careful modelling for maximally accurate maps to make contributions of the minor fractions visible (1); in practice, this is time-consuming and non-objective (2–4). Instead, our PanDDA method automatically reveals clear electron density for only the changed state, even from poor models and inaccurate maps, by subtracting a proportion of the confounding ground state, accurately estimated by averaging many ground state crystals. Changed states are objectively identifiable from statistical distributions of density values; arbitrarily large searches are thus automatable. The method is completely general, implying new best practice for all changed-state studies. Finally, we demonstrate the incompleteness of current atomic models, and the need for new multi-crystal deconvolution paradigms.One Sentence SummaryNormally uninterpretable map regions are reliably modelled by deconvoluting superposed crystal states, even with poor starting models.
Semi-Automated Identification of Ontological Labels in the Biomedical Literature with goldi
Authors: Cole Christopher B. , Patel Sejal , French Leon , Knight Jo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRecent growth in both the scale and the scope of large publicly available ontologies has spurred the development of computational methodologies which can leverage structured information to answer important questions. However, ontological labels, or “terms” have thus far proved difficult to use in practice; text mining, one crucial aspect of electronically understanding and parsing the biomedical literature, has historically had difficulty identifying “terms” in literature. In this article, we present goldi, an open source R package whose goal it is to identify terms of variable length in free form text. It is available athttps://github.com/Chris1221/goldior through CRAN. The algorithm works through identifying words or synonyms of words present in individual terms and comparing the number of present words to an acceptance function for decision making. In this article we present the theoretical rationale behind the algorithm, as well as practical advice for its usage applied to Gene Ontology term identification and quantification. We additionally detail the options available and describe their respective computational efficiencies.
Retroviral origins of theCaenorhabditis elegansorphan gene F58H7.5
Authors: Kapulkin Wadim J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis work describes the results of the genome-scale analysis of endogenous retrovirus insertions in twoC. elegansisolates: the prototype N2 (Bristol) and CB4856 (Hawaii). In total thirteen, identification of potentially replication competent, endogenous retroviral elements is described. Ten elements were identified as conserved between N2 and CB4856 by the reciprocal match of paired LTRs. The description focuses on the particular endogenous retrovirus insertion wich is identified on the proximal arm of the chromosome IV (located at positions IV: 912,948 – 921,658 and IV: 899,767 – 908,485 of the N2 and CB4856 respectively). In both isolates the inserted provirus is flanked by the predicted long terminal repeats (LTR)s of the length of 415 bp and of identical sequence. Provided the absolute LTR sequence identity this particular provirus represents insertion acquired prior to split from the common ancestor, suggesting this insertion event is evolutionary recent. The identified insertion of the endogenous retrovirus embeds the orphan gene F58H7.5, specific toC. eleganslineage. This unprecedented example establishes that in the evolutionary pastC. elegans, had acquired the gene of the retroviral origins presumably via mechanisms involving the RNA intermediate.ImportanceThis work describes the retroviral origins ofC. elegansorphan gene F58H7.5. Presented work implies that in the evolutionary past theC. eleganshave acquired new gene as a result of the infection event.C. elegansis presently regarded as genetic model organism widely used in genetic research. The genome ofC. eleganshave been sequenced nearly 20 years ago. This unprecedented example establishes that in the evolutionary past C. elegans genome, had acquired the gene of the retroviral origins presumably via mechanisms involving the RNA intermediate.