bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions in Perceived Injustice are Associated With Reductions in Disability and Depressive Symptoms After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yakobov Esther , Scott Whitney , Stanish William D. , Tanzer Michael , Dunbar Michael , Richardson Glen , Sullivan Michael J.L. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
Perceptions of injustice have been associated with problematic recovery outcomes in individuals with a wide range of debilitating pain conditions. It has been suggested that, in patients with chronic pain, perceptions of injustice might arise in response to experiences characterized by illness-related pain severity, depressive symptoms, and disability. If symptoms severity and disability are important contributors to perceived injustice (PI), it follows that interventions that yield reductions in symptom severity and disability should also contribute to reductions in perceptions of injustice. The present study examined the relative contributions of postsurgical reductions in pain severity, depressive symptoms, and disability to the prediction of reductions in perceptions of injustice.

Methods:
The study sample consisted of 110 individuals (69 women and 41 men) with osteoarthritis of the knee scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients completed measures of perceived injustice, depressive symptoms, pain, and disability at their presurgical evaluation, and at 1-year follow-up.

Results:
The results revealed that reductions in depressive symptoms and disability, but not pain severity, were correlated with reductions in perceived injustice. Regression analyses revealed that reductions in disability and reductions in depressive symptoms contributed modest but significant unique variance to the prediction of postsurgical reductions in perceived injustice.

Discussion:
The present findings are consistent with current conceptualizations of injustice appraisals that propose a central role for symptom severity and disability as determinants of perceptions of injustice in patients with persistent pain. The results suggest that the inclusion of psychosocial interventions that target depressive symptoms and perceived injustice might augment the impact of rehabilitation programs made available for individuals recovering from TKA.
Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Calvo-Muñoz Inmaculada , Kovacs Francisco M. , Roqué Marta , Gago Fernández Inés , Seco Calvo Jesús 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To identify factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was conducted (Prospero CRD42016038186). Observational studies analyzing LBP risk factors among participants aged between 9 and 16 were searched for in 13 electronic databases and 8 specialized journals until March 31, 2016, with no language restrictions. In addition, references in the identified studies were manually tracked. All identified studies that included ≥50 participants aged 9 to 16, were reviewed. Their methodological quality was assessed by 2 reviewers separately, using validated tools, which scored, from worst to best, 0 to 100 for cross-sectional and 0 to 12 for cohort studies. A sensitivity analysis only included studies that had adjusted for confounders, had ≥500 participants, and had a methodological score of ≥50%.

Results:
A total of 5142 citations were screened and 61 studies, including 137,877 participants from 5 continents, were reviewed. Their mean (range) methodological scores were 74.56 (50 to 100) for cross-sectional studies and 7.36 (5 to 9) for cohort studies. The studies had assessed 35 demographic, clinical, biological, family, psychological, ergonomic, and lifestyle risk factors. The mean (range) prevalence of LBP ranged between 15.25% (3.20 to 57.00) for point prevalence and 38.98% (11.60 to 85.56) for lifetime prevalence. Results on the association between LBP and risk factors were inconsistent. In the sensitivity analysis, “older age” and “participation in competitive sports” showed a consistent association with LBP.

Discussion:
Future studies should focus on muscle characteristics, the relationship between body and backpack weights, duration of carrying the backpack, characteristics of sport practice, and which are the factors associated with specifically chronic pain.
Current insights in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Schreiber Karen , Radin Massimo , Sciascia Savino 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined as the association of thrombotic events and/or obstetric morbidity in patients persistently positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). In this review, we will highlight the most important clinical presentations of APS with a focus on the obstetric morbidity, the current management strategies and the outlook for the future.

Recent findings
The use of aspirin and heparin has improved the pregnancy outcome in obstetric APS and approximately 70% of pregnant women with APS have a successful pregnancy outcome. Unfortunately, the current standard of care does not prevent all pregnancy complications as the current treatment fails in 20–30% of APS pregnancies. This therefore highlights the need for alternative treatments to improve obstetrical outcome. Other treatment options are currently explored and retrospective studies show that pravastatin for example is beneficial in women with aPL-related early preeclampsia. Moreover, the immunmodulator hydroxychloroquine may play a beneficial role in the prevention of aPL-related pregnancy complications.

Summary
APS is among the most frequent acquired risk factors for a treatable cause of recurrent pregnancy loss and increases the risk of conditions associated with ischaemic placental dysfunction, such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, premature birth and intrauterine death. Current treatment is mainly based on aspirin and heparin. Studies to inform on alternative treatment options are urgently needed.
Contraception in US servicewomen: emerging knowledge, considerations, and needs
Authors: Harrington Lauren A. , Shaw Kate A. , Shaw Jonathan G. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
We describe current literature regarding contraceptive use among women serving in the military. We explore the state of contraceptive use by female servicewomen, gaps in knowledge, special considerations, and evidence of unmet needs.

Recent findings
Recent data on US servicewomen show that overall rates of contraceptive use remain low. Data highlight disparities and suggest barriers to contraceptive uptake persist, with contraceptive use being lower around the time of deployment. Methods that do not require daily use or prescription refills, such as long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) – intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants – may be distinctly well suited for service and deployment. Two contemporary studies document growing popularity of LARC methods among female members of the military, possibly driven by a surge in contraceptive implant use. Nonetheless, LARC appears to remain underutilized.

Summary
Despite no-cost provision, the importance of preventing unplanned pregnancy, and the potential benefits of cycle control during service, emerging data about the US military suggest barriers to and underutilization of contraception, particularly LARC. Research is needed to explore preferences and tailor contraceptive counseling to servicewomen. Existing and future work can inform efforts to standardize military provider training and ensure all servicewomen are appropriately counseled and have timely access to any method they may choose.
Assessment of Aesthetic Results of 100 Patients Who Underwent Rhinoplasty—Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation
Authors: Kotzampasakis Dimitrios , Mantalos Panagiotis , Kotzampasakis Stylianos , Danias Nikolaos , Nikolopoulos Thomas 
Published: September 2017

Background:
To assess the long-term aesthetic results of rhinoplasty and predict the final outcome.

Methods:
The sample was composed of 100 patients (34 men and 66 women) between 23 and 57 years old (mean, 34.8) operated on exclusively for aesthetic reasons. The time elapsed from the operation ranged from 3 to 13 years with a mean of 6.8 years. The study used Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation questionnaire, a simple, reliable, validated, and widely used inventory.

Results:
The vast majority of patients (93%) were satisfied postoperatively with scores > 50% (67 patients had scores > 80%). Only 7 patients had scores less than 50%. The mean score was 82.4 ± 1.7% with a median of 87%. In addition, it seems that the results of the operation remain high through time with a small decline along age groups and years elapsed. Women were found more satisfied than men (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
The study concludes that the results of aesthetic rhinoplasty, if performed by skilled and experienced surgeons, are very satisfying and stable throughout time.
Employee organizational commitment and hospital performance
Authors: Baird Kevin M. , Tung Amy , Yu Yanjie 
Published: September 2017

Background:
There is widespread evidence of the purported benefits of employee organizational commitment (EOC) and its impact on both individual and organizational performance. This study contributes to this literature by providing a unique insight into this relationship, focusing on the interrelationship between EOC with hospital performance and the role of the provision of adequate facilities in eliciting EOC.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to introduce and empirically examine a new theoretical model in which it is argued that the performance of hospitals with regard to the provision of adequate facilities (medical facilities, support facilities, and staff resources) influences the level of EOC, which in turn influences hospital performance with regard to patient care and operational effectiveness.

Methodology/Approach:
To examine the interrelationships between the provision of adequate facilities, EOC, and hospital performance, the study utilizes a survey of hospital managers.

Results:
The findings support the theoretical model, with the provision of support facilities and staff resources positively indirectly associated with both patient care and operational effectiveness through their impact on EOC.

Conclusion:
The findings highlight the importance of providing adequate facilities and EOC within hospitals and suggest that CEOs and general managers should try to enhance the provision of such resources in an attempt to elicit EOC within their hospitals.

Practice Implications:
The findings suggest that managers should try to enhance their provision of adequate facilities in order to elicit EOC and enhance hospital performance. With regard to medical facilities, they should consider and incorporate the latest technology and up-to-date equipment. They should also provide adequate staff resources, including appropriate numbers of beds, nurses, and doctors, to prevent “fatigue” (West, 2001, p. 41) and provide adequate support facilities.
Minor Salivary Gland Transplantation for Severe Dry Eyes
Authors: Wakamatsu Tais Hitomi , Sant'Anna Ana Estela Besteti Pires Ponce , Cristovam Priscila Cardoso , Alves Venâncio Avancini Ferreira , Wakamatsu Alda , Gomes José Alvaro Pereira 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease comprising a wide spectrum of ocular surface alterations and symptoms of discomfort. In most patients with aqueous-deficient dry eye, pharmaceutical tear substitutes are used to control symptoms and prevent ocular surface damage. However, in severe dry eye conditions caused by cicatricial disorders, such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and ocular cicatricial mucous membrane pemphigoid, noninvasive treatments are insufficient, and patients are at risk of developing complications that can lead to blindness. The use of salivary glands as a source of lubrication to treat severe cases of dry eye has been proposed by different authors. The first reports proposed parotid or submandibular gland duct transplantation into the conjunctival fornix. However, complications limited the functional outcomes. Minor salivary gland autotransplantation together with labial mucosa has been used as a complex graft to the conjunctival fornix in severe dry eye with a good outcome. Our group demonstrated significant improvements in best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer I test score, corneal transparency, and neovascularization after using this technique. A symptoms questionnaire applied to these patients revealed improvements in foreign body sensation, photophobia, and pain. Similar to tears, saliva has a complex final composition comprising electrolytes, immunoglobulins, proteins, enzymes, and mucins. We demonstrated the viability of minor salivary glands transplanted into the fornix of patients with dry eye by performing immunohistochemistry on graft biopsies with antibodies against lactoferrin, lysozyme, MUC1, and MUC16. The findings revealed the presence of functional salivary gland units, indicating local production of proteins, enzymes, and mucins.
Lamina Cribrosa Thickness in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Akkaya Serkan , Küçük Bekir 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the thickness and depth of lamina cribrosa (LC) in the optic nerve head region of the eyes in patients with nonglaucomatous keratoconus and to compare the thickness and depth with those of age-matched controls.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, observational study comprising 45 patients with keratoconus and 56 healthy subjects. Analysis of LC imaging was performed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Data collected included spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, axial length, intraocular pressure, and keratometry.

Results:
Eyes with keratoconus had significantly thinner LC (174.9 ± 11.4 vs. 249.1 ± 4.9 μm, P < 0.001) compared with control group eyes. There was no statistically significant difference in the depth of LC between the keratoconus and control groups (P = 0.3). Multivariable analysis, controlled for age and sex, showed that the thickness of LC significantly correlated with central corneal thickness (P < 0.001). This association persisted (P < 0.001) after controlling for intraocular pressure in addition to age and sex. There was no significant correlation with other factors, including the spherical equivalent (P = 0.93) and keratometry (P = 0.46).

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that optical coherence tomography measurement of LC revealed thinner LC for patients with keratoconus compared with healthy controls. The structural properties of the cornea may be related to the optic nerve.
The regulation and importance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
Authors: Bianconi Vanessa , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Atkin Stephen L. , Pirro Matteo 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a chemokine regulating monocyte chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte differentiation by binding to the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulation and importance of the MCP-1/CCR2 axis, focusing on the therapeutic potential of its inhibition.

Recent findings
Differential modulation of MCP-1 and CCR2 lead to downstream activation pathways, pathogenetic to differing disease conditions characterized by dysregulated monocyte/macrophage tissue recruitment. Pharmacological targeting of the MCP-1/CCR2 axis has led to selective MCP-1/CCR2 antagonists that have now entered phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer. The pleiotropic nonselective MCP-1/CCR2 inhibition by current pharmacological agents is thought to contribute to their anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects that is also seen for nutraceutical compounds such as curcumin.

Summary
MCP-1 has a critical role in regulating chemotaxis both in health and disease, with increasing interest in its pharmacological inhibition. However, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of targeting the MCP-1/CCR2 axis is still in evolution.
Clinical genetics of craniosynostosis
Authors: Wilkie Andrew O.M. , Johnson David , Wall Steven A. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
When providing accurate clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling in craniosynostosis, the challenge is heightened by knowledge that etiology in any individual case may be entirely genetic, entirely environmental, or anything in between. This review will scope out how recent genetic discoveries from next-generation sequencing have impacted on the clinical genetic evaluation of craniosynostosis.

Recent findings
Survey of a 13-year birth cohort of patients treated at a single craniofacial unit demonstrates that a genetic cause of craniosynostosis can be identified in one quarter of cases. The substantial contributions of mutations in two genes, TCF12 and ERF, is confirmed. Important recent discoveries are mutations of CDC45 and SMO in specific craniosynostosis syndromes, and of SMAD6 in nonsyndromic midline synostosis. The added value of exome or whole genome sequencing in the diagnosis of difficult cases is highlighted.

Summary
Strategies to optimize clinical genetic diagnostic pathways by combining both targeted and next-generation sequencing are discussed. In addition to improved genetic counseling, recent discoveries spotlight the important roles of signaling through the bone morphogenetic protein and hedgehog pathways in cranial suture biogenesis, as well as a key requirement for adequate cell division in suture maintenance.
Engendered Responses to, and Interventions for, Shame in Dissociative Disorders
Authors: Dorahy Martin J. , Gorgas Julia , Seager Lenaire , Middleton Warwick 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This study examined shame and responses to it in adult dissociative disorder (DD; n = 24) and comparison psychiatric (n = 14) samples. To investigate how helpful different therapeutic responses are after shame disclosures in therapy, participants heard two vignettes from “mock” patients disclosing a) shame and b) surprise. Participants rated the helpfulness of five potential responses. Interventions covered withdrawing from the affect (withdrawal focused) to feeling it (feeling focused), with other interventions on cognitions (cognitive focused), management strategies (management focused), and previous experiences (history focused). The DD sample reported higher characterological and bodily shame, and more shame avoidance and withdrawal. There was no difference across groups for intervention ratings. For shame, interventions focused on feelings, cognitions, or previous shame experiences were deemed most helpful, but this was qualified by experiencing dissociation while hearing the script, where the history intervention was reported less helpful. Exposure to shame while monitoring dissociation should accompany therapy for DDs.
Motor Imagery Training After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guerra Zaqueline Fernandes , Lucchetti Alessandra L. G. , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose:
A number of studies have suggested that imagery training (motor imagery [MI]) has value for improving motor function in persons with neurologic conditions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the available literature related to efficacy of MI in the recovery of individuals after stroke.

Methods:
We searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane, and PEDro. Two reviewers independently selected clinical trials that investigated the effect of MI on outcomes commonly investigated in studies of stroke recovery. Quality and risk of bias of each study were assessed.

Results:
Of the 1156 articles found, 32 articles were included. There was a high heterogeneity of protocols among studies. Most studies showed benefits of MI, albeit with a large proportion of low-quality studies. The meta-analysis of all studies, regardless of quality, revealed significant differences on overall analysis for outcomes related to balance, lower limb/gait, and upper limb. However, when only high-quality studies were included, no significant difference was found. On subgroup analyses, MI was associated with balance gains on the Functional Reach Test and improved performance on the Timed Up and Go, gait speed, Action Research Arm Test, and the Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb subscale.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Our review reported a high heterogeneity in methodological quality of the studies and conflicting results. More high-quality studies and greater standardization of interventions are needed to determine the value of MI for persons with stroke.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A188).
Prospective Side by Side Comparison of Outcomes and Complications With a Simple Versus Intensive Anticoagulation Monitoring Strategy in Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support Patients*
Authors: Yu Jane S. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Granoski Donald A. , Bauman Mary E. , Massicotte M. Patricia , Lequier Laurance L. , Annich Gail M. , Ryerson Lindsay M. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
A continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin is the most common anticoagulant used for pediatric patients on extracorporeal life support. The objective of this study was to compare extracorporeal life support complications and outcomes between two large-volume pediatric extracorporeal life support centers that use different anticoagulation strategies.

Design:
Prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting:
The University of Michigan used simple anticoagulation monitoring, whereas the University of Alberta used an intensive anticoagulation monitoring strategy.

Patients:
Pediatric patients on extracorporeal life support.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome measure was major bleeding per extracorporeal life support run defined as bleeding that was retroperitoneal, pulmonary, or involved the CNS; bleeding greater than 20 mL/kg over 24 hours; or bleeding that required surgical intervention. Secondary outcomes measured were patient thrombosis per run, circuit thrombosis per run, and survival to hospital discharge per patient. Eighty-eight patients (95 runs) less than 18 years old were enrolled at the two centers over 2 years. The two centers enrolled different extracorporeal life support populations; University of Alberta enrolled more postcardiac surgical patients (74% vs 47%; p = 0.005). The indication for extracorporeal life support support also varied by center (p = 0.04). The two centers used similar proportions of VA extracorporeal life support (p = 0.3). Median (interquartile range) unfractionated heparin doses were similar between University of Michigan and University of Alberta, 30 (21–34) U/kg/hr and 26 (22–31) U/kg/hr, p value equals to 0.3, respectively. Median (interquartile range) antifactor Xa was lower in the University of Michigan cohort (0.23 [0.19–0.28] vs 0.41 [0.36–0.46] U/mL; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in major bleeding (15% University of Michigan vs 21% University of Alberta; p = 0.6) or in patient thromboses (18% University of Michigan vs 13% University of Alberta; p = 0.5). There was no significant difference in survival to hospital discharge (University of Michigan 63% vs University of Alberta 73%; p = 0.1).

Conclusions:
Although this prospective cohort study compared different pediatric extracorporeal life support populations, the results did not identify a significant difference in outcomes between simple and intensive anticoagulation monitoring strategies.