bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Weathering of Alumina in Aqueous Suspension at Ambient Pressure: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Abi Aad Jane , Casale Sandra , Michau Mathieu , Courty Philippe , Diehl Fabrice , Marceau Eric , Carrier Xavier 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTransition aluminas rank among the main supports used for heterogeneous catalysis. Their stability in the aqueous phase is a key issue for catalytic processes, as their hydration can be strongly detrimental to their physicochemical and mechanical properties. As a consequence, the design of more stable alumina‐based supports relies on a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to their chemical and physical degradation. It is shown here that if suspended in water at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures up to 70 °C, all transition aluminas (from γ to θ‐Al2O3) transform into Al(OH)3 polymorphs (bayerite, gibbsite, and nordstrandite), although to different extents. A quantitative study of the aluminum concentration in solution and of the amount of hydroxides demonstrates that Al2O3 hydration occurs through a two‐step dissolution/heterogeneous precipitation process, with nucleation of Al(OH)3 on the surface of the alumina grains followed by particle growth. The grains become more fragile because of chemical weathering; the ensuing mechanical degradation by attrition, in turn, brings the weathering process to completion. The nature of the main hydroxide polymorph is a function of aluminum concentration and ageing time: first the kinetic product, bayerite, then nordstrandite and eventually gibbsite, the most thermodynamically stable hydroxide. Increasing crystallinity and decreasing specific surface area of alumina leads to a reduced amount in hydroxide formation.
Ultrasmall Palladium Nanoclusters Encapsulated in Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Oxygen Electroreduction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Yan Wei , Tang Zhenghua , Li Ligui , Wang Likai , Yang Hongyu , Wang Qiannan , Wu Wen , Chen Shaowei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUltrasmall noble‐metal nanoclusters have been gaining extensive attention because of their unique catalytic activity. Herein, we describe a facile in situ method for the preparation of palladium nanoclusters encapsulated in porous carbon nanosheets as effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. Structural characterizations through X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that the Pd clusters were well incorporated into porous carbon nanosheets. The composition of the nanocomposites was manipulated by varying the initial loading ratio of Pd to carbon nanosheets (Pd/CNS). Among the series of samples tested, the sample at a Pd/CNS ratio of 1 : 4 (Pd/CNS‐20 %) exhibited the best ORR activity with the most positive onset potential and largest diffusion‐limited current density, which was even superior to that of commercial Pd black, along with remarkable long‐term durability. The findings highlight the unique advantages of employing ultrasmall ligand‐free palladium clusters as cost‐effective ORR catalysts with high efficiency and remarkable stability.
Halogen‐Bond Effects on the Thermo‐ and Photochromic Behaviour of Anil‐Based Molecular Co‐crystals
Authors: Carletta Andrea , Spinelli Floriana , d'Agostino Simone , Ventura Barbara , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto , Wouters Johan , Grepioni Fabrizia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractN‐Salicilideneanilines are among the most studied thermo‐ and photochromic systems in the solid state. Although thermochromism is a general property of crystalline N‐salicilideneanilines, photochromism is known in a limited number of cases. As a method for the construction of thermo‐ and photo‐responsive molecular architectures, the co‐crystallisation of 1,2,4,5‐tetrafluoro‐3,6‐diiodobenzene (I2F4) with three selected imines of o‐vanillin, named 1, 2 and 3, obtained through a condensation reaction with 3‐aminopyridine, 4‐bromoaniline and 4‐iodoaniline, respectively, is reported herein. All crystals and co‐crystals have been characterised by means of solid‐state complementary techniques (X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, absorption and emission spectroscopy). The role of halogen bonding and crystal packing in the optical and chromic properties of all solid materials is discussed. All solids exhibit thermochromic behaviour, and three of them (2, 22⋅I2F4 and 32⋅I2F4) are also photochromic. Imine derivative 3 crystallises in two different polymorphic forms (3 A and 3 B) and a solvate (3Solv). The bromo and iodo derivatives, 2 and 3 B, are isomorphous and form isomorphous co‐crystals with I2F4, but behave differently when exposed to UV light because only crystalline 2 is photochromic. Interestingly, the replacement of bromine with iodine seems to turn off the photochromism because crystalline 3 A and 3Solv, and even the 20.730.3 solid solution, do not manifest photochromic behaviour.
Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol over molybdenum‐based catalysts: The effect of support and the nature of the active site
Authors: Ansaloni Simone , Russo Nunzio , Pirone Raffaele 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol has been chosen as a model process for the upgrading of lignin‐derived bio‐oils. Tests were carried out in a batch reactor at 350 °C, 4000 kPa of H2, in the presence of several Mo‐based catalysts prepared by impregnation of ammonium molybdate on SiO2, Al2O3, NaY zeolite, MgO, activated carbon, and graphite. These materials have been characterized by means of: N2 physisorption, XRD, FESEM/EDS, XPS, TPR‐H2, and TPD‐NH3, with the aim of correlating the physical and chemical properties of the prepared samples with the resulting features in the HDO reaction. Mo on activated carbon showed the best performances towards guaiacol demethoxylation, exhibiting complete conversion, 72 % of selectivity to phenol, and 19 % to p‐ and o‐cresol. The high surface area and low acidity of activated carbon allow good dispersion of MoOx which exhibits characteristic fragments with a lamellar shape, able to provide a large active surface with localized acidity.
Systematic investigation of asphaltene precipitation by experimental and reliable deterministic tools
Authors: Sayyad Amin Javad , Alimohammadi Sepideh , Zendehboudi Sohrab 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAsphaltene precipitation in oil operations contributes to serious technical and non‐technical issues, which is affected by reservoir conditions such as pressure, temperature, dilution ratio, and type of diluent. In this work, a mathematical correlation is introduced to forecast the weight percent (wt%, g/g) of precipitated asphaltene in light oils. Experimental data are obtained based on high‐resolution images taken from high‐pressure cell processed by the image analysis method. Employing experimental data, a simple and precise correlation on the basis of the scaling/fractal theory is developed. In this study, the amount of asphaltene precipitation is considered in terms of pressure and dilution ratio in which the coefficients are simply calculated through the Vandermone matrix. Comparison between the model results and real data reveals a good match where the average coefficient of correlation (R2) is above 0.95. Additionally, two previous predictive methods, namely the Bayesian belief network and scaling models, are utilized and the outputs are compared (e.g. the magnitudes of mean squared error (MSE) are 0.0065 and 0.038 for C6 and C7, respectively), implying the effectiveness of the new deterministic tool in terms of accuracy and reliability such that the average MSE is 0.006 for both C6 and C7. The trustworthiness of the real asphaltene precipitation data is also assessed by the statistical leverage approach based on the hat matrix, standardized residuals, and William plot to specify the applicability domain (AD) of the predictive models. It was found that all deterministic techniques presented in this study result in satisfactory accuracy, since the entire collected experimental data are reliable within AD.
FULL WAVEFORM INVERSION OF THE SECOND‐ORDER TIME INTEGRAL WAVEFIELD
Authors: Sheng‐Chang CHEN , Guo‐Xin CHEN 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe proposed a new full waveform inversion (FWI) method, namely full waveform inversion of the second‐order time integral wavefield, by enhancing low‐frequency components of seismic data with a second‐order time integration of seismic wavefield, which can efficiently reduce the initial model dependence of FWI. According to the propagation equation of scattering wavefield in scattering theory, we derived a propagation equation for the scattering wavefield with second‐order time integral, and used the leading order Born approximation for the linearization of the propagation equation. Based on the propagation equation for the scattering wavefield with second‐order time integral, using the scattering wavefield to invert for the distribution of scattering sources in subsurface, and using wavefield modeling to construct the incident wavefield, and according to the linear relationship between the scattering wavefield and the incident wavefield and velocity perturbation in the linear propagation equation for the scattering wavefield with second‐order time integral, we applied a formula similar to the imaging formula of migration to obtain the estimation of velocity perturbation, and established an iterative inversion method for the full waveform inversion of second‐order integral wavefield. Applying the inversion result of full waveform inversion of second‐order integral wavefield as the initial velocity model for the conventional FWI can efficiently reduce the initial model dependence of FWI. Numerical tests using synthetic data of the Marmousi model demonstrated the validity and feasibility of the proposed method. The final results of the new method can deliver much improved results than the conventional FWI. Furthermore, to test the independence from the seismic frequency‐band, we use a low‐cut source wavelet (cut from 4Hz below) to generate the synthetic data. The inversion results by our new method show no appreciable difference from the full‐band source results.
EVALUATION OF RESERVOIR PERMEABILITY USING ARRAY INDUCTION LOGGING
Authors: Feng ZHOU , Qing‐Xin MENG , Xiang‐Yun HU , Evert SLOB , He‐Ping PAN , Huo‐Lin MA 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDuring drilling, the mud column sustains a slightly higher pressure than the formation to maintain the stability of the well wall, which causes the mud filtrate to penetrate into formation pores and displace in‐situ fluids. The invasion depth is affected by reservoir properties, especially the reservoir permeability. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the reservoir permeability if the invasion depth can be measured.A numerical study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of evaluating reservoir permeability with array induction logging. A mud invasion model was built up by coupling mud cake growth with multiple‐phase fluid flow, and an array induction logging model was established based on the Born geometric factor theory. Joint forward simulations of mud invasion and array induction logging indicated that the responses of array induction logging can reflect the effect of mud invasion on the formation resistivity. Inversion based on the damped least square method revealed that the invasion depth can be acquired from array induction logging data.We investigated the association between reservoir permeability and invasion depth, and found that in a reservoir with a permeability of 1 to 100 mD (1 mD=0.987×10−3 μm2), the reservoir permeability governs the invasion depth, and thus the permeability can be evaluated according to invasion depth. A two‐dimensional numerical simulation showed that the inversed invasion depth curve had a similar fluctuation to the permeability variation. For a layered formation, a series of interpretation charts can be produced to evaluate the permeability of every layer with tolerable errors. The numerical investigation proves the feasibility of estimating reservoir permeability with array induction logging.
Adolescent and young adult oncology patients: Disparities in access to specialized cancer centers
Authors: Alvarez Elysia , Keegan Theresa , Johnston Emily E. , Haile Robert , Sanders Lee , Saynina Olga , Chamberlain Lisa J. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 15 to 39 years with cancer continue to experience disparate survival outcomes compared with their younger and older counterparts. This may be caused in part by differential access to specialized cancer centers (SCCs), because treatment at SCCs has been associated with improved overall survival. The authors examined social and clinical factors associated with AYA use of SCCs (defined as Children's Oncology Group‐designated or National Cancer Institute‐designated centers).METHODSA retrospective, population‐based analysis was performed on all hospital admissions of AYA oncology patients in California during 1991 through 2014 (n = 127,250) using the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the contribution of social and clinical factors on always receiving care from an SCC (vs sometimes or never). Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSOver the past 20 years, the percentage of patients always receiving inpatient care at an SCC increased over time (from 27% in 1991 to 43% in 2014). In multivariable regression analyses, AYA patients were less likely to always receive care from an SCC if they had public insurance (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.66), were uninsured (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.46‐0.56), were Hispanic (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85‐0.91), lived > 5 miles from an SCC, or had a diagnosis other than leukemia and central nervous system tumors.CONCLUSIONSReceiving care at an SCC was influenced by insurance, race/ethnicity, geography, and tumor type. Identifying the barriers associated with decreased SCC use is an important first step toward improving outcomes in AYA oncology patients. Cancer 2017;123:2516–23. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Phase 1/2 study of immunotherapy with dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumor lysate in patients with refractory bone and soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Nishida Hideji , Tanzawa Yoshikazu , Takeuchi Akihiko , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Yamamoto Norio , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Nakamoto Yasunari , Kaneko Shuichi , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThere are limited options for the curative treatment of refractory bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The purpose of this phase 1/2 study was to assess the immunological and clinical effects of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with autologous tumor lysate (TL) in patients with advanced bone and soft tissue sarcomas.METHODSThirty‐seven patients with metastatic or recurrent sarcomas were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the patients were suspended in media containing interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. Subsequently, these cells were treated with TL, tumor necrosis factor α, and OK‐432. The DCs were injected into the inguinal or axillary region. One treatment course comprised 6 weekly DC injections. The toxicity, clinical response (tumor volume, serum interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ], and serum IL‐12), and oncological outcomes were observed.RESULTSIn total, 47 courses of DC therapy were performed in 37 patients. No severe adverse events or deaths associated with the DC injections were observed in the study patients. Increased serum IFN‐γ and IL‐12 levels were observed 1 month after the DC injection. Among the 37 patients, 35 patients were assessed for clinical responses: 28 patients showed tumor progression, 6 patients had stable disease, and 1 patient showed a partial response 8 weeks after the DC injection. The 3‐year overall and progression‐free survival rates of the patients were 42.3% and 2.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAlthough DC therapy appears safe and resulted in an immunological response in patients with refractory sarcoma, it resulted in an improvement of the clinical outcome in only a small number of patients. Cancer 2017;123:1576–1584. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Does the frequency of molecular monitoring after tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation affect outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia?
Authors: Kong Jee Hyun , Winton Elliott F. , Heffner Leonard T. , Chen Zhengjia , Langston Amelia A. , Hill Brittany , Arellano Martha , El‐Rassi Fuad , Kim Audrey , Jillella Anand , Kota Vamsi K. , Bodó Imre , Khoury Hanna Jean 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the optimal frequency of monitoring after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discontinuation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has not been established. Data regarding the discontinuation of second‐generation TKIs used in first‐line treatment or after the failure of first‐line treatment with TKIs are limited. Herein, the authors report real‐world experience with “reduced frequency” molecular monitoring in patients with CML in all phases who discontinued treatment with imatinib, dasatinib, or bosutinib.METHODSThe records of patients who discontinued TKIs were reviewed. Patients who discontinued TKIs were monitored prospectively on an intended schedule of monthly blood quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for BCR‐ABL1 for 3 months, quarterly for 12 months, and every 6 months thereafter until loss of major molecular response (MMR). After loss of MMR, the TKI that previously was discontinued was reinitiated.RESULTSBetween January 2010 and September 2015, a total of 24 patients in chronic (21 patients), accelerated (2 patients), and lymphoid blast (1 patient) phase discontinued imatinib (16 patients), dasatinib (5 patients), or bosutinib (3 patients) used in the front‐line treatment or beyond. Blood quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for BCR‐ABL1 was performed 1.3 ± 0.7 times within the first 3 months (24 patients) and 2.7 ± 1.4 times in the following 12 months (18 patients). With a median follow‐up of 36.5 months (range, 3.2‐67.4 months), the probabilities of treatment‐free remission at 1 year and 2 years were 65.7% (95% confidence interval, 55.8%‐75.6%) and 59.7% (95% confidence interval, 49.1%‐70.3%), respectively. Loss of MMR was observed in 9 patients at a median of 2.8 months (range, 1.8‐14.2 months) after discontinuation of TKIs.CONCLUSIONSWith the limitations of a small sample size, the results of the current study demonstrate that less frequent monitoring of BCR‐ABL1 does not appear to affect outcomes, and that discontinuation of TKIs used as first‐line treatment or beyond after resistance or intolerance to first‐line treatment appears feasible. Cancer 2017;123:2482–88. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The complex relation between race, sex, and human papillomavirus status in head and neck cancer
Authors: Zevallos Jose P. , Mazul Angela L. 
Published: February 2017

This study demonstrates that sex affects prognosis differentially in oropharyngeal cancer and nonoropharyngeal cancer. The authors also find that race does not affect survival in oropharyngeal cancer after adjustments for human papillomavirus status.See also pages 1566‐75.
Adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for time to initiation of postoperative radiation therapy for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Sharma Anand K. , Lentsch Eric J. , Day Terry A. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDAdherence to evidence‐based treatment guidelines has been proposed as a measure of cancer care quality. The objective of this study was to determine the rate and predictors of care that does not adhere to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines regarding commencing postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) within 6 weeks of surgery for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).METHODSThe National Cancer Data Base was reviewed from 2006 to 2014, and patients with HNSCC who underwent curative‐intent surgery followed by PORT were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with nonadherence to guidelines regarding the timing of initiating PORT.RESULTSIn total, 47,273 patients were included in the study. 55.7% of patients (26,340/47,273) failed to commence PORT within 6 week of surgery. The percentage of patients who failed to initiate PORT within 6 week of surgery increased over time. On multivariable analysis, the factors associated with failure to initiate timely, guideline‐adherent PORT included black race, public insurance [Medicare, Medicaid] or uninsured status, lower levels of education, increased severity of comorbidity, increased postoperative length of stay, 30‐day unplanned hospital readmission, treatment at an academic medical center, and the receipt of surgery and PORT at different facilities.CONCLUSIONSOver 50% of patients with HNSCC who undergo surgery and PORT receive care that does not adhere to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines with regard to initiating PORT within 6 weeks of surgery. Sociodemographic, oncologic, treatment, and hospital factors are all associated with failure to receive guideline‐directed care and should be explored in future studies. Cancer 2017;123:2651‐60. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
External quality assurance in nongynecologic cytology: The Australasian experience
Authors: Shield Paul W. , Frost Felicity , Finnimore Jo L. , Wright R. Gordon , Cummings Margaret C. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThe Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Cytopathology Quality Assurance Program has operated an external quality assurance program in nongynecologic cytopathology since 1993. Glass slide preparations of a wide range of nongynecologic cases were circulated to approximately 200 cytopathology laboratories in 16 countries.METHODSGeneral nongynecologic cytology cases were manufactured from residual specimens after routine diagnosis. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cases were made by sampling fresh tissue and making direct specimens. The majority of cases consisted of both air‐dried and fixed preparations. Results returned to laboratories included illustrated case discussions highlighting diagnostic features, key differential diagnoses, and useful adjunctive tests.RESULTSThe current study reviewed >22,000 results for 123 nongynecologic cases. Cases found to cause the most diagnostic difficulties included serous effusion cases with metastatic carcinoma in a dispersed pattern, well‐differentiated carcinoma, and cellular reactive cases; urine specimens with sparse malignant cells; reactive pneumocytes in a bronchoalveolar lavage; breast FNA cases with papillary lesions; gestational specimens; and fibroadenoma. FNA specimens from the lung and thyroid, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, generally were well reported.CONCLUSIONSThe use of multiple preparations of the same specimen has allowed interlaboratory comparison, and the quality assurance program has played an educational role as well as informing the laboratory accreditation process. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:349–361. © 2017 American Cancer Society.