bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of general practitioners in medical school admission interview panels in the UK (2012–2014): a national survey
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Ahmed , Benson John 
Published: July 2016

Objective Recent primary care workforce pressures in the UK have prompted national reviews. Recommendations to increase the proportion of medical students entering general practice have led to interest in the role of medical schools in career choices. This study sought to identify the career backgrounds of admissions leads at UK medical schools and the proportion of general practitioners on admission interview panels. Design A national survey using a proforma circulated to all UK medical school admission leads via the Medical Schools Council. Setting UK medical schools. Participants UK medical schools. Main outcome measures Prevalence of assessment lead and panel members' professional groups. Results Responses were received from 18 (54.5%) of the 33 UK medical schools. General practitioners led the admissions process in 2 (11%) of these. Fifteen schools were able to furnish detailed data about interview panel composition, having held a combined total of 876 distinct interview panels during the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 admission years; 683 panels (78%) included a secondary care physician, but only 261 panels (29.8%) included general practitioners. General practitioner representation ranged from 3.8% to 100% of individual schools’ panels; however, eight schools (about half the respondents able to offer numbers of participants) omitted general practitioner representation in more than half of their interview panels. Conclusions Despite the UK policy focus to increase the proportion of medical students becoming general practitioners, doctors from this clinical background are not proportionately represented as admissions leads or on admissions interview panels. Increasing general practitioner involvement in admissions processes may be one way in which medical schools can support general practice as a career aspiration.
Health-related behaviour in relation to transition into age retirement: An observational study based on HUNT3
Authors: Skogen Jens C , Øverland Simon , Knudsen Ann K 
Published: July 2016

Objectives In western countries, more years are being spent in age retirement. The transition phase into age retirement may be important for physical and mental health in the years following retirement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether age retirement is associated with changes in the level of physical activity, smoking habits and alcohol habits. Design Using data on self-reported health-related behaviour from a population-based study (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3)) linked to registry data on age retirement, participants who retired within two years prior to and two years after participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (N = 2,197) were compared. Participants A total of 2,197 participants were included. Setting Population-based study in Norway. Main outcome measures Registry data on age retirement. Results No systematic differences in alcohol consumption, smoking or physical activity over the strata defined by time before or after age retirement were identified. Conclusion The current and previous findings do not suggest that transition into age retirement changes health-related behaviours. However, there is probably merit in investigating complicating factors related to the retirement process, such as degree of voluntariness, as these factors may influence the impact of age retirement on health behaviours.
Placebo effects in medicine: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Boehm Katja , Berger Bettina , Ostermann Thomas , Heusser Peter 
Published: July 2016

Objective It was the aim of this bibliometric analysis to identify all publications dealing with so-called 'context effects/placebo effects' to bring some organisation into the publication landscape of the past 35 years. Design An electronic database search was carried out in Pubmed from its inception to November 2011. Participants Already published articles and their participants were included. Setting This review was carried out at an academic institution. Main outcome measures Condition, country, year, journal, number of authors, type of publication and main focus of the publication. Results There are slight differences in the focus and the origin of research. Although the subject is multidimensional and covering all areas in healthcare, only a few research disciplines cover the field of placebo effects. The research field is shrinking as evident by the smaller number of researchers publishing in this field. It is suggested that the discussion regarding placebo and context effects is getting more homogenous and is turning into a specific field by itself. There is an increasing concentration of placebo effects being reproduced in experimental settings. Conclusion It is debatable whether the complexity of the broad range of what produces placebo effects can be successfully detected in a randomized controlled trial setting.
Working as a doctor when chronically ill or disabled: comments made by doctors responding to UK surveys
Authors: Smith Fay , Goldacre Michael J , Lambert Trevor W 
Published: July 2016

Objectives To report a qualitative study of themes doctors raised spontaneously, in a large-scale prospective cohort study covering many aspects of their medical careers, when referring to their own chronic illness or disability. Design Questionnaire survey. Setting UK. Participants Questionnaires were sent one, five and 10 years after graduation to 44,539 doctors who qualified between 1993 and 2012 in the UK: 38,613 questionnaires were returned and 11,859 respondents provided comments made by doctors about their training or work. Main outcome measures The comments of 123 doctors about their own chronic illness or disability. Results Main themes raised included poor support for doctors with chronic illness or disability, delays in and changes to careers (either planned ahead or imposed), the impact of pressure at work, difficulties returning to work after illness, limitations on career choices and inadequate careers advice for doctors with chronic illness or disabilities. Conclusions More needs to be done to ensure that doctors with chronic illness or disability receive appropriate support. Occupational health guidance should be monitored closely, with more support for ill doctors including adjustments to the job, help if needed with morale and mental health, and advice on career options. Further studies should establish the prevalence of long-term health conditions among doctors.
MethPed: an R package for the identification of pediatric brain tumor subtypes
Authors: Ahamed Mohammad Tanvir , Danielsson Anna , Nemes Szilárd , Carén Helena 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation profiling of pediatric brain tumors offers a new way of diagnosing and subgrouping these tumors which improves current clinical diagnostics based on histopathology. We have therefore developed the MethPed classifier, which is a multiclass random forest algorithm, based on DNA methylation profiles from many subgroups of pediatric brain tumors.

Results
We developed an R package that implements the MethPed classifier, making it easily available and accessible. The package can be used for estimating the probability that an unknown sample belongs to each of nine pediatric brain tumor diagnoses/subgroups.

Conclusions
The MethPed R package efficiently classifies pediatric brain tumors using the developed MethPed classifier. MethPed is available via Bioconductor: http://bioconductor.org/packages/MethPed/
Decomposing full-waveform borehole acoustic data with application to data from a North Sea well
Authors: Haldorsen Jakob B. U. , Stensrud Espen , Merciu Ioan-Alexandru , Miller Douglas E. 
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study is to establish whether sonic data acquired in a cased hole can be used to estimate the material behind a second casing when the annulus between the two sets of casings is fluid filled. We have analyzed full-waveform data acquired using the Schlumberger tool Sonic Scanner for a double casing with a fluid between them, and where the outer annulus, outside the outer casing, might be cement filled or fluid filled. The sonic tool uses a cylindrical array of 104 omnidirectional receivers. The cylindrical array — approximately 4 in. in diameter and 1.8 m (6 ft) long — allows a formal decomposition of the acquired data into quasi-plane waves. Analyzing these plane waves, we have identified subtle but distinct changes in the waveforms. These changes appear to be dependent on the material filling the outer annulus, allowing for the determination of the fill material. The most significant changes relate to the propagating Stoneley waves. The identifications made are confirmed by cement bond log (CBL) analysis done on the exposed outer pipe after pulling the inner pipe. In one instance, for single-casing logging and a clean top-of-cement, like with conventional CBL analysis, we were able to confidently and accurately identify the cement/fluid boundary. In another instance, we were able to identify it as a nondistinct/smooth transition zone. For double-casing logging, we could confidently and accurately identify the cement/fluid boundary behind the second casing. For one case, we have substantiated that this zone has a longer interval of smooth transition from cement to consolidated/unconsolidated barite to a fluid-filled annulus.
Michael Moorcock’s Pyat Quartet, the Jewish experience of twentieth-century history, and the failure of the utopian
Authors: Sandberg Eric 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article examines a number of ways in which Michael Moorcock’s Pyat Quartet (Byzantium Endures [1981], The Laughter of Carthage [1984], Jerusalem Commands [1992], The Vengeance of Rome [2006]) explores the failure of the twentieth century’s utopian impulses through its central character, Colonel Pyat. Pyat, a self-denying Jew who simultaneously performs and experiences anti-Semitism, is exposed directly to the century’s two great utopian movements, communism and fascism. He rejects the former and embraces the latter, but suffers from the practices of both. He is also an engineer who dreams of creating the type of technological utopia that informed many of the century’s most perfervid aspirations, but who experiences their repeated failures both in terms of the misapplication of technology embodied by the Holocaust and in the failure of technology to redeem the crumbling 1970s’ Britain from which the novels are narrated. Pyat, this article argues, is a twentieth-century everyman, who dreams the century’s utopias, and lives its failures.
Special issue reviews
Authors: Vice Sue , Skinazi Karen E. H. , Kahn-Harris Keith , Solomons Jeremy 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Under Postcolonial Eyes: Figuring ‘The Jew’ in Contemporary British Writing, Efraim Sicher and Linda Weinhouse (2013) Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 316 pp., ISBN 978-0-8032-4503-7, h/bk, $55
The Edinburgh Companion to Modern Jewish Fiction, David Brauner and Axel Stähler (EDS) (2015) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 456 pp., ISBN: 9780748646159, h/bk, £150
Losing Israel, Jasmine Donahaye (2015) Bridgend: Seren Books, 206 pp., ISBN: 9781781722527, h/bk, £12:99
Jews and Photography in Britain, Michael Berkowitz (2015) Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 392 pp., ISBN: 9781477305560, h/bk, $45.00
‘No outlines’: From dystopia to heterotopia in Howard Jacobson’s J
Authors: Gilbert Ruth 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article suggests that a dystopian reading of Howard Jacobson’s 2014 novel, J, is not necessarily the only way in which to reflect on both the inner and outer topographies of the narrative. In tilting the focus of enquiry, the article draws from Foucault’s brief, but intriguing, thoughts on heterotopia. It suggests that this kind of heterotopian thinking potentially opens up a deconstructive questioning of terms such as utopia and dystopia. In particular, the article teases out some of the ways in which Jewishness intersects with these themes. The analysis focuses on the section towards the mid-point of J when the protagonists, Kevern and Ailinn, visit the capital city of a bleak new world. It is a profoundly dislocated and disconcerting space, described as ‘a city seen through a sheet of scratched Perspex …. it had no outlines’. Within this distorted setting, Jacobson presents a sustained exploration of Jewishness, an identity that is placed, simultaneously, at both the centre and the edges of the text.
Positio contra complementum possibilitatis – Kant and Baumgarten on Existence
Authors: Kannisto Toni 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:In the course of his philosophy, in various contexts, Kant comes to reject three theses about existence: (i) that the thoroughgoing determination of a thing implies its existence, (ii) that existence is a real predicate or determination of a thing, and (iii) that existence is the complement of inner possibility or essence. Kant’s target here is Baumgarten, who advocates these theses as the
Relationship between placental surface area and fetal growth rate in artiodactyls and perissodactyls
Authors: Klisch Karl , Carisch Lea , Clauss Marcus 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Gestation periods in mammals are generally in line with scaling laws. There are several exceptions in which species of relatively similar size and degree of neonatal maturation show a significant difference in gestation length. For example the giraffids have a very long gestation period, compared to bovids of similar size. By using published data about the placental surface area at term, we show that in ungulates this surface area is more tightly correlated to the average fetal growth rate than to fetal and placenta weight. These data suggest that, within one type of placenta, gestation length and placental surface area are associated parameters.
The hybrid mean value of Dedekind sums and two-term exponential sums
Authors: Leran Chang , Xiaoxue Li 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we use the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions, the properties of Gauss sums and Dedekind sums to study the hybrid mean value problem involving Dedekind sums and the two-term exponential sums, and give an interesting identity and asymptotic formula for it.
Bioconsolidation of Stone Monuments. An Overview
Authors: Nazel Tarek 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article reviews the carbonation process through biomineralization referred to as Microbial Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP) for the conservation of carbonate stone monuments and historic building materials. This biological process widely occurs in nature as microbes produce inorganic materials within their basic metabolic activities. The first patent, which explained this method dates from approximately twenty-five years ago. Since then, different research groups have investigated substitute methodologies and various technical applications to provide a protective calcium carbonate layer on the surface of deteriorated historic buildings and stone monuments as well as to consolidate their inner weakened structure through this biodeposition process. The article reviews selected literature, highlights open queries and promotes discussion of a selection of issues, production mechanisms, application techniques, performance and bonding with stone structure. While many questions regarding this significant method have been focused in published sources, there are considerable possibilities for new research.
Estimating Judicial Ideal Points in Latin America: The Case of Argentina
Authors: Bertomeu Juan González , Pellegrina Lucia Dalla , Garoupa Nuno 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an estimation of ideal points for the Justices of the Supreme Court of Argentina for 1984–2007. The estimated ideal points allow us to focus on political cycles in the Court as well as possible coalitions based on presidential appointments. We find strong evidence to support the existence of such coalitions in some periods (such as President Carlos Menem’s term) but less so in others (including President Néstor Kirchner’s term, a period of swift turnover in the Court due to impeachment processes and resignations). Implications for comparative judicial politics are discussed.
Edusemiotics and Karl-Otto Apel’s transcendental semiotics
Authors: Papastephanou Marianna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe semiotic turn and the twentieth century critique of the philosophy of consciousness presented a unique challenge and stressed the problematic status of old binary oppositions such as the subject versus the object, the mind versus the body, and the private versus the public. Karl-Otto Apel has responded to this philosophical occurrence with a theory of transcendental semiotics, a highly original endeavor to avoid mere reversals of older binary oppositions and pernicious consolidations of new hierarchies. This article aims to unravel Apel’s semiotics and to make it relevant to the philosophical-educational themes that preoccupy edusemiotics. After a brief overview of how Apel reworks the theories that influenced him into his own transcendental-semiotic account, the article focuses on some specific points adding more depth to the venture of associating Apel’s theory and edusemiotics.
Physical Functioning in Older Patients With Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study in the TEAM Trial
Authors: Derks Marloes G.M. , de Glas Nienke A. , Bastiaannet Esther , de Craen Anton J.M. , Portielje Johanneke E.A. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , van Leeuwen Floor E. , Liefers Gerrit-Jan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background.
Previous retrospective studies have shown that physical functioning in older cancer survivors is affected after treatment, yet prospective data are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess change in physical functioning in different age groups of patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who were enrolled in the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) phase III trial.

Methods.
Two physical parameters were assessed. Physical functioning was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire 1 year (T1) and 2 years (T2) after diagnosis. Physical activity was measured in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours/week at T1 and T2. Physical activity before diagnosis (T0) was assessed retrospectively at the T1 questionnaire. Patients were divided into three age groups: &lt;60, 60–69, and ≥70 years. Decline in physical functioning was assessed using linear regression analysis. Differences in mean values of physical activity levels were calculated using repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance.

Results.
A total of 431 patients were included for analysis. In all age groups, physical activity levels at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than prediagnostic physical activity levels (T0) (p &lt; .001 for all age groups). Age ≥70 years was independently associated with decline in physical functioning between T1 and T2 (β = −4.62, 95% confidence interval −8.73 to −0.51, p = .028).

Conclusion.
Patients aged 70 years or older treated with breast surgery and adjuvant hormonal therapy did not improve between years 1 and 2 after diagnosis to the same extent as did younger patients.
Fish growth, yield and economics of conventional feed and weed based polyculture in ponds
Authors: Asadujjaman Md , Hossain Md Akhtar 
Published: July 2016

Fish growth, yield and economics of polyculture were evaluated for six months from April to September, 2011 in ponds of Kushtia district, Bangladesh under 4 treatments of feeds and weeds as T0: rice bran, wheat bran and mustard oilcake; T1: Azolla; T2: Grass and T3: Banana leaf. Each treatment had 3 replications. Mean initial stocking weight of fishes like Hypophthalmichthyes molitrix, Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Barbonymus gonionotus was 62, 64, 57, 54, 63, 65 and 25 g, respectively. Stocking density (11,115 fishes/ha), liming (250 kg/ha), basal fertilization (Cowdung, 1,500 kg/ha; urea, 60 kg/ha; and Triple Super Phosphate, TSP 60 kg/ha) and periodic fertilization (Urea, 2.5 kg/ha/day; and TSP, 2.5 kg/ha/day) were same for all the treatments. Water quality parameters (water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity and free carbon dioxide) were monitored fortnightly and fish growth parameters (weight gain and Specific Growth Rate, SGR) were monitored monthly. Treatments did not vary significantly for the mean water quality parameters. Treatment T0 varied more significantly (P<0.05) for the mean final weight, weight gain, SGR, survival rate and yield for almost all the species except C. idella and B. gonionotus. Significantly highest CBR was recorded with treatment T1.
La percepción social del Sida: un estudio comparativo entre España y Argentina
Authors: Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Gil-Llario M. Dolores , Giménez-García Cristina , Salmerón-Sánchez Pedro 
Published: July 2016

La percepción social del Sida se construye por el contexto cultural. Los factores sociales influyen la percepción del riesgo a la infección por VIH y en las actitudes hacia las personas que viven con la enfermedad. Con el objetivo de examinar si existen diferencias culturales en la percepción social del sida, se evaluaron a 200 jóvenes españoles (Medad = 20,25; DT = 1,88) y 183 jóvenes argentinos (Medad = 22,30; DT = 2,89). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida que evalúa los principales componentes de los modelos de prevención sobre el VIH. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la probabilidad percibida de infección por VIH, siendo los argentinos los que identifican mayor riesgo que los españoles (p≤.001). No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el temor percibido (p = .408). Los jóvenes de ambos países atribuyen mayor riesgo de infección al colectivo de drogodependientes, seguido de los heterosexuales y homosexuales. No obstante, los españoles atribuyen mayor probabilidad de infección a los drogodependientes (p≤.001) comparados con los argentinos. Al contrario, los argentinos atribuyen más riesgo a los heterosexuales (p≤.001) y homosexuales (p≤.001) con respecto a los españoles. Por otra parte, los jóvenes argentinos valoran de forma más elevada el sufrimiento a nivel físico y social que experimenta una persona que vive con VIH (p≤.001). No se encuentran diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico en la solidaridad hacia los enfermos (p = .403). Por último, los jóvenes de ambos países se comportarían igual o apoyarían más si se enterasen que un amigo es portador del VIH (p = .053). La percepción social puede actuar como factor protector o dificultador de la prevención primaria y secundaria y ser un importante factor en la disminución o potenciación del estigma hacia los enfermos.