bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is having accurate knowledge necessary for implementing safe practices?
Authors: Krishen Anjala S. , Agarwal Shaurya , Kachroo Pushkin 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to increase consumer safety by providing insights about the linkage between consumer knowledge, price perception and safety intentions. Drawing from the expanded societal view of marketing, this model aims to further understanding of the connection between consumer education and safety from a folk theories-of-mind perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper utilizes a phased, mixed-methods and interdisciplinary approach which blends transportation research and marketing. First, a qualitative inquiry of 151 comments regarding child safety seats was conducted. Next, using the key themes and concepts, a quantitative model was derived and a proposed structural equation model on a sample of 217 respondents was tested.

Findings
Although consumers understand the importance of child safety seats and the ample potential harms associated with their misuse, this paper contributes to existing literature by showing that a high perceived price can offset potential experience with them, attitude toward them and future use of them.

Practical implications
Integrated marketing campaigns to increase safety practices regarding child safety can be framed from a “cost of a life” rather than a “cost of a seat” perspective.

Originality/value
This research contributes by highlighting the importance of perceived price as it weighs against safety in a quantitative model, showing that consumer education can increase usage intentions for critical products and offering a mixed-methods, interdisciplinary approach to reduce framing biases and address a topic of significant societal concern.
A systematic assessment of empirical research on foreign entry mode
Authors: Nydam Wulff Jesper 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically assess the empirical support for central relationships in the empirical literature on foreign market entry mode. The reviewing method overcomes methodological limitations in past reviews.Design/methodology/approachThis review provides a systematic assessment of empirical support through a simple quantitative procedure using transparent criteria for article selection. In total, 1,217 statistical tests from 119 studies published in 44 different scientific journals in the period 1997-2013 are examined across a range of dimensions.FindingsFindings question the frequent use of commonly used measures (e.g. advertising intensity) and control variables (e.g. firm size) and suggest that statements about the importance of mode choice for subsidiary performance may be premature. Methodologically, this study identifies critical issues with regard to interpretation of interactions and the entry mode choice set.Research limitations/implicationsThis study limits itself to study the direction of relationships and does not analyze effect sizes. Further, future research may benefit from broadening the entry mode choice by extending the use of multiple outcome models as well as implementing the correct interpretational tools when investigating interactions.Originality/valueThe review is relevant to researchers seeking an overview over the research literature or practitioners interested in the link between mode choice and subsidiary performance.
Chinese restaurant employees’ perceptions of their nationals abroad: a comparative study
Authors: Moufakkir Omar , Reisinger Yvette 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study aims to further an understanding of hospitality employees’ perceptions of their customers in the context of service encounter by utilizing the concepts of contact hypothesis and cultural distance in a multi-ethnic environment. The study compares perceptions of Chinese immigrants working in restaurants of their British patrons (from a remote culture) and Chinese patrons (from a proximate culture). The service encounter takes place in the London Chinatown. The dynamics of Chinatown as a “third space” adds complexity to service encounter and employee perceptions.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 118 Chinese restaurant employees in the Soho area of the London Chinatown. Perception questions were based on interviews undertaken in an earlier phase of the research. A pairedt-test was run to identify significant differences in the Chinese restaurant employees’ perceptions of the Chinese and British patrons. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine which perception variables discriminated the most between the two patron groups.FindingsDespite cultural proximity, the perceptions held by Chinese restaurant employees of their nationals were negative compared to the perceptions of British patrons. Out of 16, in 15 areas of measurement, there were significant differences in the Chinese restaurant employees’ perceptions’ of their Chinese and British guests. Six variables that discriminated the most between the two groups of guests were no tips, not polite, loud, no compliment, messy and demanding.Research limitations/implicationsResearch in ethnic and minority quarters, such as Chinatown in London, may suffer from “recall bias”, or in this case from making the difference between customer groups. Also, the Chinese are not a homogeneous group. For example, despite cultural similarity with mainstream culture, cultural and behavioral characteristics may exist between residents from the South, North and Hong Kong.Practical implicationsThe cultural diversity of the industry’s employees necessitates managing cultural diversity effectively, especially in the sectors that rely heavily on guest–employee interaction. Perceptions affect attitudes and behavior. Training programs about perception and its roots may bridge the service gap in high-contact service encounters.Originality/valueThis study provides a ground for future empirical research into understanding the immigrant employees’ perceptions of their guests, nationals versus non-nationals and the ways for improving these perceptions. Taking the example of Chinatown as a dynamic “third space” is another approach to understanding the effects of “ethnoscape” on encounters in a more globalized village.
Tour operator perspectives on responsible tourism practices: a case of Kinabalu National Park, Sabah
Authors: Chan Jennifer Kim Lian , Tay Kai Xin 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the key motivators triggering tour operators to practise responsible tourism in Kinabalu Park.Design/methodology/approachInductive and phenomenological research data were collected via in-depth interviews with 25 tour operators guiding tours in Kinabalu Park, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.FindingsThe paper uses push and pull motivation theory to explain motivation in practising responsible tourism. The findings show that push factors are more significant to tour operators as compared to pull factors. The key motivation of tour operators to practise responsible tourism is organisational benefits and own initiative (intrinsic) and response demand and market trends (extrinsic). However, the findings show that although tour operators have a positive attitude towards responsible tourism, it does not show in their tour operations of Kinabalu Park. This is because the challenges like lack stakeholders participation and low responsible tourism awareness were negatively affecting to what tour operators would like to do and what actually gets done.Practical implicationsIdentified motives, practices, issues and challenges are valuable information and to enhance the practices of responsible tourism in Kinabalu Park, Sabah.Originality/valueThe paper provides in-depth insight of the motivation to practise responsible tourism from tour operators’ perspectives in Kinabalu Park. The finding is benefiting the implementation of responsible tourism in Kinabalu Park.
Unit-cell-based derivation of the material models for armor-grade composites with different architectures of ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene fibers
Authors: Grujicic Mica , Snipes Jennifer , Ramaswami S , Avuthu Vasudeva , Yen Chian-Fong , Cheeseman Bryan 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Traditionally, an armor-grade composite is based on a two-dimensional (2D) architecture of its fiber reinforcements. However, various experimental investigations have shown that armor-grade composites based on 2D-reinforcement architectures tend to display inferior through-the-thickness mechanical properties, compromising their ballistic performance. To overcome this problem, armor-grade composites based on three-dimensional (3D) fiber-reinforcement architectures have recently been investigated experimentally. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the present work, continuum-level material models are derived, parameterized and validated for armor-grade composite materials, having four (two 2D and two 3D) prototypical reinforcement architectures based on oriented ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene fibers. To properly and accurately account for the effect of the reinforcement architecture, the appropriate unit cells (within which the constituent materials and their morphologies are represented explicitly) are constructed and subjected to a series of virtual mechanical tests (VMTs). The results obtained are used within a post-processing analysis to derive and parameterize the corresponding homogenized-material models. One of these models (specifically, the one for 0°/90° cross-collimated fiber architecture) was directly validated by comparing its predictions with the experimental counterparts. The other models are validated by examining their physical soundness and details of their predictions. Lastly, the models are integrated as user-material subroutines, and linked with a commercial finite-element package, in order to carry out a transient non-linear dynamics analysis of ballistic transverse impact of armor-grade composite-material panels with different reinforcement architectures.

Findings
– The results obtained clearly revealed the role the reinforcement architecture plays in the overall ballistic limit of the armor panel, as well as in its structural and damage/failure response.

Originality/value
– To the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first reported attempt to assess, computationally, the utility and effectiveness of 3D fiber-reinforcement architectures for ballistic-impact applications.
Working under pressure: economic recession and third sector development in Europe
Authors: Pape Ulla , Chaves-Ávila Rafael , Pahl Joachim Benedikt , Petrella Francesca , Pieliński Bartosz , Savall-Morera Teresa 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed as a result of the global economic crisis, including decreasing levels of public funding and changing modes of relations with the state. The effect of economic recession, however, varies across Europe. The purpose of this paper is to understand why this is the case. It analyses the impact of economic recession and related policy changes on third sector development in Europe. The economic effects on TSOs are thereby placed into a broader context of changing third sector policies and welfare state restructuring.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper focusses on two research questions: how has the changing policy environment affected the development of the third sector? And what kind of strategies have TSOs adopted to respond to these changes? The paper first investigates general trends in Europe, based on a conceptual model that focusses on economic recession and austerity policies with regard to the third sector. In a second step of analysis, the paper provides five country case studies that exemplify policy changes and responses from the third sector in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain.

Findings
– The paper argues that three different development paths can be identified across Europe. In some countries (France and Spain), TSOs face a strong effect of economic recession. In other countries (Germany and Poland) the development of the third sector remains largely stable, albeit at different levels, whereas in the Netherlands, TSOs rather experience changes in the policy environment than a direct impact of economic decline. The paper also shows that response strategies of the third sector in Europe depend on the context conditions. The paper is based on the European project “Third Sector Impact.” It combines an analysis of statistical information with qualitative data from interviews with third sector representatives.

Originality/value
– The paper contributes to our understanding of the interrelation between economic recession, long-term policy changes and third sector development in Europe.
School-NGO interaction: case studies of Israel and Germany
Authors: Sagie Netta , Yemini Miri , Bauer Ullrich 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction between schools and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Israeli and German education systems from the perspective of the stakeholders involved: school principals, the NGOs’ leadership, and regulatory authorities in each country.Design/methodology/approach– The study documents the process by which the interactions between schools and NGOs emerge, the motivations of each of the involved stakeholders, how stakeholders perceive the interaction and the power relations between the involved stakeholders. The study was conducted using the qualitative “grounded theory” methodology, which the authors applied to develop a concept that is anchored in data collected through the research and systematically analyzed.Findings– Using case studies, the authors examine how the relationships between the formal education system and the external entity are formed, reveal the motivations and strategies of the stakeholders involved in the interaction, and investigate the partnerships’ development process in the two different educational systems studied. Findings from the study leading to the conclusion that school-NGO interaction is based on entrepreneurial activities on the part of the school principals and the NGOs, which is gradually becoming institutionalized.Originality/value– Through this study, the authors have developed a new empirical based theory on the interaction between schools and NGOs as entrepreneurial activity.
Global perspectives on volunteerism
Authors: Halsall Jamie , Cook Ian , Wankhade Paresh 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of volunteerism in three different case countries, namely, that of USA, UK and China while highlighting the role of the state, society and social capital.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reviews the extant literature on the volunteering traditions in the chosen case study countries highlighting the idiosyncrasies while analysing implications for future research.Findings– The paper highlights the role of the state, society and social capital in the chosen countries, each deriving its origins from the specific traditions in those countries.Research limitations/implications– This paper provides a conceptual review focusing on the key literature in the field. The authors have examined various academic texts and published materials.Practical implications– This paper provided an update critically discussion on the concept of volunteerism in three different case countries.Social implications– This paper is highly relevant to academics and social policy makers. Moreover, this paper has been written from an international context.Originality/value– The paper makes an original contribution by comparing and contrasting three important countries with different histories and traditions of volunteerism highlighting diversity of type and application.
Inter-industry creative collaborations incorporating luxury fashion brands
Authors: Alexander Bethan , Contreras Luis Ortega 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to conceive the concept of inter-industry creative collaboration; a unique kind of cooperation between business partners from diverse industries. It investigates the motivations that encourage their creation and identifies a method to evaluate consumers’ attitudes towards this kind of partnership. The study analyses consumer-based brand equity and links them to inter-industry creative collaborations within the luxury fashion industry.Design/methodology/approach– Research was conducted using a comparative case design, which was qualitative in nature. Four cases were selected purposively. The data were obtained using semi-structured interviews with industry informants and consumer focus groups. Transcripts were thematically analysed according to common categories identified in the literature to enable cross-case conclusions to be drawn.Findings– The research proposes the existence of a direct relationship between the consumer-based brand equity effects and consumers’ attitudes towards inter-industry creative collaborations. This research not only proves the existence of the stated relationship but also generates a theoretical framework that specifically analyses inter-industry creative collaboration involving luxury fashion brands.Research limitations/implications– The usage of convenience sampling limited consumer participants to individuals who considered themselves luxury fashion consumers. In addition, the findings are limited to London, UK and cannot be generalised outside the examined cases. That said, the research provides a useful starting point for further empirical research to test the validity and reliability of the model outside of the stated cases.Practical implications– The proposed theoretical framework serves as a practical guide for luxury managers to assess the planning and execution of inter-industry creative collaborations conducted by their brands.Originality/value– The research makes a contribution to brand management literature by creating a connection between four topics of academic research: motivations of inter-industry creative collaborations; consumer-based brand equity; consumers’ attitudes towards inter-industry creative collaborations; and the creative and emotional elements of luxury fashion.
You’re in the Army now!
Authors: Ritson Philip A. , Parker Lee D. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the employment of the military metaphor by the management thinker and writer Lyndall Urwick who in the twentieth century developed and articulated his ideas over a 60-year period, arguably the longest continuous period of any management writer of his day.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on published research into Urwick as well as upon the breadth of his published writings over a 60-year period. It offers a contextualised explanatory analysis of his military theory ideas and explores their lack of traction by reference to British military, economic and social history.FindingsThe study reveals the wartime context that surrounded the emergence of his ideas and motivated Urwick’s faith in the military approach to management. This stood in contrast to the countervailing forces of the post-war decline in British industry and a populist mythology of British Army mismanagement and failure in the Great War.Originality/valueIn this case of a management idea’s failure to gain traction, the importance of the congruence between management theory and societal beliefs emerges as crucial to the likely uptake of new management thinking.
Testing the trade relationships between China, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand using grey Lotka-Volterra competition model
Authors: Wang Zheng-Xin , Zhu Hong-Tao 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Since the construction of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) launched in 2002, the bilateral trade increased rapidly. The purpose of this paper is to test the competition and cooperation in trade relationships between China and the main trading partners (Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand (SMT)) from ASEAN in international trade under CAFTA.

Design/methodology/approach
– Grey Lotka-Volterra competition models are established for testing the trade relationships between China and SMT, respectively, based on the data of import and export from 2003 to 2014. To improve modeling accuracy, the interpolated coefficients for dynamic background value are introduced into the grey Lotka-Volterra model. The optimal parameters are solved through minimizing the mean absolute percentage error and the constraint of parameter relationships. Besides, eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix are adopted to carry out the stability of equilibrium points of the trade relationships.

Findings
– As the beneficiary party, China has mutual benefit and win-win trade relationship with Singapore, while it has predator-prey trade relationships with Malaysia and Thailand. The future exports from SMT to China will stabilize at 462.31, 598.13 and 447.03 billion dollars, respectively. The future exports from China to SMT will stabilize at 637.16, 943.71 and 827.52 billion dollars, respectively.

Practical implications
– This study can be regarded as an important reference for China and its trading partners from ASEAN. The modeling results can help the decision makers to formulate appropriate international trade strategies to gain and maintain competitive advantages.

Originality/value
– A new approach to testing the trade relationships is proposed based on grey Lotka-Volterra competition model. The study also proposed a dynamic optimization method for the background value of grey Lotka-Volterra model.
The multiple markets competitive location problem
Authors: Drezner Tammy , Drezner Zvi , Kalczynski Pawel J 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate a competitive location problem to determine how to allocate a budget to expand company’s chain by either adding new facilities, expanding existing facilities, or a combination of both actions. Solving large problems may exceed the computational resources currently available. The authors treat a special case when the market can be divided into mutually exclusive sub-markets. These can be markets in cities around the globe or markets far enough from each other so that it can be assumed that customers in one market do not patronize retail facilities in another market, or that cross-patronizing is negligible. The company has a given budget to invest in these markets. Three objectives are considered: maximizing profit, maximizing return on investment (ROI), and maximizing profit subject to a minimum ROI. An illustrative example problem of 20 sub-markets with a total of 400 facilities, 4,800 potential locations for new facilities, and 5,000 demand points is optimally solved in less than two hours of computing time.

Design/methodology/approach
– Since the market can be partitioned into disjoint sub-markets, the profit at each market by investing any budget in this sub-market can be calculated. The best allocation of the budget among the sub-markets can be done by either solving an integer linear program or by dynamic programming. This way, intractabole large competitive location problems can be optimally solved.

Findings
– An illustrative example problem of 20 sub-markets with a total of 400 facilities, 4,800 potential locations for new facilities, and 5,000 demand points is optimally solved in less than two hours of computing time. Such a problem cannot be optimally solved by existing methods.

Originality/value
– This model is new and was not done in previous papers.