bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of suspended solids in thermo-treated red musts
Authors: Vernhet Aude , Bes Magali , Bouissou Delphine , Carrillo Stéphanie , Brillouet Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Thermo-treatment of grapes, followed by pressing and fermentation in liquid phase, is a growing practice in red winemaking to obtain light and fruity wines. Must clarification before fermentation, a key step to get the expected wine profile, is hardly controlled and strongly varies between different musts. To better understand this variability and its potential impact on quality, suspended solids in several red musts were characterized and the performances of different clarification techniques compared.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Results show a large variability in turbidity and total wet suspended solids between different raw and clarified musts, and a lack of correlation between these values. Clarification is always higher for vacuum filtration than for disk-stack or decanter centrifugation, with strong differences between musts for a given process. Despite a large size distribution, most of suspended particles are micronic and sub-micronic. TEM observations and analyses indicate that they are mostly membrane and organelle fragments along with (macro)molecular aggregates formed during juice extraction. Their overall composition differs from that found in white musts.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Particle heterogeneity and size distribution account for the difficulties encountered in red must clarification. Results also raise the question of the relationship between must turbidity and content in compounds likely to affect wine quality. </p><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This study constitutes a first characterization of suspended solids in thermo-treated red musts. It provides elements to (i) reason their clarification and (ii) identify the technological and qualitative impact of must suspended solids.
Ionic Liquid Extraction Unveils Previously Occluded Humic‐Bound Iron in Peat Soil Pore Water
Authors: Veverica Timothy J. , Kane Evan S. , Marcarelli Amy M. , Green Sarah A. 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
Dissolved organic matter character should be evaluated when selecting Fe quantitation methods.
The o‐phenanthroline Method cannot consistently speciate Fe in bogs and fens.
Ionic liquid extraction yields superior Fe quantitation over o‐phenanthroline.
Globally, peatland ecosystems store tremendous amounts of C relative to their extent on the landscape, largely owing to saturated soils which limit decomposition. While there is still considerable uncertainty regarding CO2 production potential below the water table in peatland ecosystems, extracellular Fe reduction has been suggested as a dominant pathway for anaerobic metabolism. However, colorimetric methods commonly used to quantitate Fe and partition between redox species are known to be unreliable in the presence of complex humic substances, which are common in peatland pore water. We evaluated both the standard o‐phenanthroline (o‐P) Method and an ionic liquid extraction (ILE) Method followed by quantitation with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) to compare total Fe recovery and Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in four distinct peatland ecosystems, ranging from rich fen to bog. While total Fe concentrations measured with ILE and o‐P were correlated, the ILE method proved to be superior in both total Fe quantitation and in separately quantifying ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) iron. In peat pore water, the o‐P Method underestimated Fe3+ by as much as 100%. A multivariate approach utilizing fluorescence‐ and ultraviolet (UV)–visable (Vis) spectroscopy identified indices of dissolved organic matter (DOM) humification and redox status that correlated with poor performance of the o‐P Method in peat pore water. Where these interferences are present, we suggest that site‐specific empirical correction factors for quantitation of total Fe by o‐P can be created from ILE of Fe, but recommend ILE for accurate appraisals of iron speciation and redox processes.
NOTCH4 gene polymorphisms as potential risk factors for brain arteriovenous malformation development and hemorrhagic presentation
Authors: Delev Daniel , Pavlova Anna , Grote Alexander , Boström Azize , Höllig Anke , Schramm Johannes , Fimmers Rolf , Oldenburg Johannes , Simon Matthias 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVEArteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are a frequent and important cause of intracranial hemorrhage in young adults. Little is known about the molecular-genetic pathomechanisms underlying AVM development. Genes of the NOTCH family control the normal development of vessels and proper arteriovenous specification. Transgenic mice with constitutive expression of active NOTCH4 frequently develop AVMs. Here, the authors report a genetic association study investigating possible associations between NOTCH4 gene polymorphisms and formation and clinical presentation of AVMs.METHODSAfter PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing or restriction digests, 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOTCH4 gene were used for genotyping 153 AVM patients and 192 healthy controls (i.e., blood donors). Pertinent clinical data were available for 129 patients. Uni- and multivariate single-marker and explorative haplotype analyses were performed to identify potential genetic risk factors for AVM development and for hemorrhagic or epileptic presentation.RESULTSEleven calculated haplotypes consisting of 3–4 SNPs (most of which were located in the epidermal growth factor–like domain of the NOTCH4 gene) were observed significantly more often among AVM patients than among controls. Univariate analysis indicated that rs443198_TT and rs915895_AA genotypes both were significantly associated with hemorrhage and that an rs1109771_GG genotype was associated with epilepsy. The association between rs443198_TT and AVM bleeding remained significant in the multivariate regression analysis.CONCLUSIONSThe authors' results suggest NOTCH4 SNPs as possible genetic risk factors for the development and clinical presentation of AVMs and a role of NOTCH4 in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Noninvasive epicutaneous transfontanelle intracranial pressure monitoring in children under the age of 1 year: a novel technique
Authors: Behmanesh Bedjan , Setzer Matthias , Noack Anika , Bartels Marco , Quick-Weller Johanna , Seifert Volker , Freiman Thomas M. 
Published: May 2016

Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) may be indicated in children with traumatic brain injury, premature intraventricular hemorrhage, or hydrocephalus. The standard technique is either a direct measurement with invasive intracranial insertion of ICP probes or indirect noninvasive assessment using transfontanelle ultrasonography to measure blood flow. The authors have developed a new technique that allows noninvasive epicutaneous transfontanelle ICP measurement with standard ICP probes. They compared the ICP measurements obtained using the same type of standard probe used in 2 different ways in 5 infants (age < 1 year) undergoing surgery for craniosynostosis. The first ICP probe was implanted epidurally (providing control measurements) and the second probe was fixed epicutaneously on the skin over the reopened frontal fontanelle. ICP values were measured hourly for the first 24 hours after surgery and the values obtained with the 2 methods were compared using Bland-Altman 2-methods analysis.
A total of 110 pairs of measurements were assessed. There was no significant difference between the ICPs measured using the epicutaneous transfontanelle method (mean 13.10 mm Hg, SEM 6.68 mm Hg) and the epidural measurements (mean 12.46 mm Hg, SEM 6.45 mm Hg; p = 0.4643). The results of this analysis indicate that epicutaneous transfontanelle measurement of ICP is a reliable method that allows noninvasive ICP monitoring in children under the age of 1 year. Such noninvasive ICP monitoring could be implemented in the therapy of children with traumatic brain injury or intraventricular hemorrhage or for screening children with elevated ICP without invasive intracranial implantation of ICP probes.
Ré-habiter sa vie. L’exploration méthodologique d’un nouveau vivre ensemble via le cheminement urbain filmé
Authors: Rouay-Lambert Sophie 
Published: May 2016

La création d’une pension de famille dans un quartier mixte parisien, fait l’objet d’une étude qualitative dans les champs de la sociologie urbaine et de la sociologie visuelle. Le suivi des parcours des nouveaux résidents sortant de situations de mallogement et leurs processus d’appropriation des espaces de vie et d’installation dans ce nouveau vivre ensemble sont propices à l’exploration d’un protocole méthodologique particulier : le cheminement urbain filmé. Cette démarche exploratoire, mobilisée pour susciter la parole sur les pratiques des espaces vécus est ici soumise à l’examen. À la manière d’un carnet d’enquête, notre propos est d’exposer cette expérience et de proposer une lecture critique de cette méthode qui débouche sur un nouvel espace relationnel d’enquête, soit un nouveau cadre d’observation de co-production sociologique.
Familism in the Firm. An Ethnographic Approach to Italian Family Capitalism
Authors: Ghezzi Simone 
Published: May 2016

Étudier le capitalisme familial italien et éclairer les complexités des rapports entre familles et entreprises familiales dans un des districts industriels de Lombardie, tel est l’objet de cet article. L’auteur soutient l’hypothèse que les relations « familistiques » ont créé les conditions favorables au développement et à la reproduction d’une industrialisation à petite échelle. Cet entreprenariat familial contribue ainsi à la reproduction d’une structure masculine de production, qui en même temps, incorpore à une autorité masculine, des obligations spécifiques, consensus et conflits. Selon l’auteur, la crise actuelle du capitalisme familial italien a quelque chose à voir avec les spécificités propres au familialisme.
La famille et le monde des choses
Authors: Aria Matteo , Dei Fabio , Martinez Odile 
Published: May 2016

L’article questionne les résultats d’une enquête menée sur la culture matérielle domestique de familles de plusieurs villes toscanes. L’article traite du rapport entre les personnes et les choses, du rôle des objets dans la construction des relations de lignée et d’alliance, de leur conservation en tant que formes de mémoire culturelle. Il discute aussi la question de la permanence d’un écart très net entre goût « bourgeois » et goût « populaire ». L’article s’efforce de montrer les processus de « densification » qui investissent les objets ordinaires de la vie quotidienne, bien au-delà de la portée aliénante que leur attribuent les théories classiques de la consommation.
Étrangers dans leur ville
Authors: Monnet Nadja , San Román Beatriz , Marre Diana 
Published: May 2016

Les jeunes issus de l’adoption internationale, en Catalogne, convoquent de manière paradoxale la figure de l’étranger décrite par Simmel : à la fois proches et lointains ; semblables pour avoir vécu la majeure partie de leur vie au sein de la population dont leurs parents sont originaires et pourtant souvent considérés comme différents. En effet, bien qu’ils soient pleinement citoyens du lieu où ils ont grandi, bon nombre d’entre eux ne sont pas perçus de cette manière par leurs concitoyens dans les lieux publics. C’est ce paradoxe que nous analyserons ici. Comment ces jeunes adoptés négocient-ils leur présence au sein de la société catalane et quelle place celle-ci leur réserve-t-elle ?
La captivité des combattants irlandais de la Première Guerre mondiale : propagande de guerre, transferts de loyauté et résistances
Authors: Destenay Emmanuel 
Published: May 2016

Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, les prisonniers de guerre irlandais bénéficient d’un traitement singulier. Le gouvernement allemand sépare les captifs irlandais des autres prisonniers britanniques quelques mois après le début des hostilités et les regroupe dans un seul et même camp. Nourriture abondante, conditions de détention enviables, possibilités de lire et de fumer ; tout cela tranche singulièrement avec le sort des prisonniers de guerre ordinaires. Lorsque les hommes reçoivent la visite de Sir Casement, ancien diplomate britannique sensible à la cause nationaliste et fervent défenseur d’une indépendance irlandaise, les prisonniers comprennent que les Allemands espèrent les inciter à renier l’uniforme britannique. En cherchant à instrumentaliser les tensions historiques entre l’Irlande et la Grande-Bretagne, les Allemands réfléchissent au moyen de lever une brigade irlandaise qui combattrait contre l’armée britannique en Irlande. Les mauvais traitements que subissent ensuite les prisonniers s’inscrivent ici dans une volonté de les forcer à trahir la Grande-Bretagne. Alors que les violences envers les prisonniers de guerre visent généralement à briser les résistances individuelles ou à faire pression sur les gouvernements ennemis, les punitions endurées par les captifs irlandais s’inscrivent ici dans un dessein visant à les inciter à renier l’uniforme britannique et à rallier la cause allemande.
An evaluation of the impact of aerosol particles on weather forecasts from a biomass burning aerosol event over the Midwestern United States: observational-based analysis of surface temperature
Authors: Zhang Jianglong , Reid Jeffrey S. , Christensen Matthew , Benedetti Angela 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A major continental-scale biomass burning smoke event from 28–30 June 2015, spanning central Canada through the eastern seaboard of the United States, resulted in unforecasted drops in daytime high surface temperatures on the order of 2–5  °C in the upper Midwest. This event, with strong smoke gradients and largely cloud-free conditions, provides a natural laboratory to study how aerosol radiative effects may influence numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast outcomes. Here, we describe the nature of this smoke event and evaluate the differences in observed near-surface air temperatures between Bismarck (clear) and Grand Forks (overcast smoke), to evaluate to what degree solar radiation forcing from a smoke plume introduces daytime surface cooling, and how this affects model bias in forecasts and analyses. For this event, mid-visible (550 nm) smoke aerosol optical thickness (AOT, τ) reached values above 5. A direct surface cooling efficiency of −1.5 °C per unit AOT (at 550 nm, τ550) was found. A further analysis of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) near-surface air temperature forecasts for up to 54 h as a function of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Dark Target AOT data across more than 400 surface stations, also indicated the presence of the daytime aerosol direct cooling effect, but suggested a smaller aerosol direct surface cooling efficiency with magnitude on the order of −0.25 to −1.0 °C per unit τ550. In addition, using observations from the surface stations, uncertainties in near-surface air temperatures from ECMWF, NCEP, and UKMO model runs are estimated. This study further suggests that significant daily changes in τ550 above 1, at which the smoke-aerosol-induced direct surface cooling effect could be comparable in magnitude with model uncertainties, are rare events on a global scale. Thus, incorporating a more realistic smoke aerosol field into numerical models is currently less likely to significantly improve the accuracy of near-surface air temperature forecasts. However, regions such as eastern China, eastern Russia, India, and portions of the Saharan and Taklamakan deserts, where significant daily changes in AOTs are more frequent, are likely to benefit from including an accurate aerosol analysis into numerical weather forecasts.
A New Stem Extractor with Specific Multigrip Pliers for Revision Hip Arthroplasty – A Biomechanical Investigation
Authors: Spross Christian , Yates Piers J. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction It was the aim of this biomechanical study to test a new extractor with 2 specific multigrip pliers on different stem designs and to compare it to a commonly used prefabricated one (UnMod). Methods The new extractor comprises 2 specific multigrip pliers, 1 neck-pliers and 1 shoulder-pliers. The tests were performed on a tapered and a nontapered neck stem. They were fixed in specific moulds allowing torque adjustability. The first endpoint was maximum grip with the extractors being tested up to 70 hits or failure (pliers off) in maximally fixed stems. The second endpoint was hits/attempts until stem extraction or failure (pliers off > than 5 times) in moderately fixed stems. Results The best grip on the tapered neck was achieved by the neck-pliers without failure, whereas the others failed consistently (shoulder-pliers: mean 42.9 hits, SD: 3.5/UnMod: 40.1, SD: 5.4; p<0.01). The shoulder-pliers had the best grip on the nontapered neck withstanding more hits (11.9, SD: 1.9) than the others (neck-pliers: 4.8, SD: 1.7/UnMod: 2.8, SD 1.0; p<0.01). None of the devices failed to extract the tapered neck (UnMod best: 4, SD: 1.3). The shoulder-pliers were able to extract the nontapered neck in 60% of the tests, whereas the others failed 100%. Conclusions The new extractor with specific pliers for neck/shoulder grip seems to be a valuable tool for stem extraction in revision hip arthroplasty. Compared to UnMod, the neck-pliers showed better grip on the tapered neck and the shoulder-pliers performed the best on the nontapered neck.
P16INK4a is not a Reliable Screening Marker of HPV Infection in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Wen-Jie , Wu Min-Jie , Ren Jing-Li , Xie Peng , Chang Jia , Hu Gui-Ming , Wu Hui-Fang 
Published: May 2016

Background The role of p16INK4a as a surrogate marker for screening human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. Methods A comprehensive search of EMBASE, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Biology Medicine was performed from inception to December 27, 2015. A random-effects model was applied to the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Ten studies were identified (985 cases). The pooled results showed no significant relationship between p16INK4a expression and HPV infection in ESCC based on overall HPV types (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.69-4.66, p = 0.235). Subgroup analysis by HPV detection method showed no statistical significance in either the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.83-3.30, p = 0.154) or in situ hybridization (ISH) group (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 0.03-268.14, p = 0.689). The pooled OR of the sensitivity analysis ranged from 1.27 (95% CI: 0.58-2.84) to 2.32 (95% CI: 0.95-5.64). Of these studies, 6 involved only high-risk human papillomavirus types (HR-HPV), HPV16 or HPV18. However, similar observations were made for HR-HPV (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.26-6.59, p = 0.741). Subgroup analysis again showed no statistical significance in the PCR group (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.25-3.64, p = 0.940) and ISH group (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 0.03-268.14, p = 0.689). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled OR ranged from 0.69 (95% CI: 0.21-2.22) to 1.89 (95% CI: 0.33-10.86). Conclusions p16INK4a is not a reliable screening marker of HPV infection in ESCC. Further multicenter, large-sample and well-matched prospective studies are still required to illuminate the possible etiological roles of HPV in ESCC.
Variability in Testing for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies: A Survey of Participants in the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program
Authors: Karlon William J. , Naides Stanley J. , Crosson John T. , Ansari Mohammad Qasim 
Published: May 2016

Context.—Variability in testing for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) contributes to confusion and controversy related to testing for vasculitis and other ANCA-associated diseases.Objectives.—To survey laboratory testing practices regarding ANCA testing and to investigate differences in testing algorithms.Design.—Supplemental questions were sent to the 333 laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists proficiency testing program for ANCA as part of the Special Immunology S2 Survey.Results.—A total of 315 laboratories submitted responses to the supplemental questions. Only 88 of 315 participants (28%) reported using a combination of indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) techniques as recommended by current guidelines, with a few additional labs using IFA and multiplex bead assay as an acceptable alternative to EIA. Other labs reported using only IFA, EIA, or multiplex bead assays.Conclusions.—A wide variety of testing algorithms are in use for ANCA testing despite evidence to suggest that a combination of IFA and EIA testing provides the most comprehensive information. Laboratories should inform clinicians clearly about testing practices and utility of testing in specific disease states.
Quantitative Cardiac Assessment in Fetal Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Jatavan Phudit , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Tongsong Theera 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess cardiac function and biometric parameters in fetuses with a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot and compare them to those in healthy fetuses.MethodsTwo hundred healthy fetuses and 20 fetuses with a diagnosis of classic tetralogy of Fallot were quantitatively assessed for 16 cardiac parameters, including morphologic characteristics and functions. All recruited fetuses were in the second trimester with correct gestational ages. The measured values that were out of normal reference ranges were considered abnormal. Rates of abnormalities of these parameters were compared between the groups. The significant parameters were further analyzed for their sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio.ResultsOf the 16 parameters, rates of abnormalities in 7 parameters, including right ventricular wall thickness, peak systolic velocities (PSVs) in the pulmonary artery and aorta, time to peak velocity, or acceleration time, in the pulmonary artery, aortic valve diameter, pulmonary valve diameter, and aortic‐to‐pulmonary valve diameter ratio, were significantly higher in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (P < .001). The pulmonary artery PSV, pulmonary artery time to peak velocity, aortic valve diameter, pulmonary valve diameter, and aortic‐to‐pulmonary valve diameter ratio had high sensitivities (80.0%, 75.0%, 90.0%, 90.0%, and 100.0%, respectively) and specificities (95.5%, 97.0%, 94.5%, 96.0%, and 84.5%).ConclusionsIn addition to a routine anatomic examination, quantitative assessment of fetal hemodynamics, especially an abnormally high PSV in the pulmonary artery, as well as a shortened acceleration time and abnormal valve size, might be very helpful for confirmation of the diagnosis in cases of suspected tetralogy of Fallot.