bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of repetitive ELM transients on ITER divertor tungsten monoblock top surfaces
Authors: Paschalidis K. , Ratynskaia S. , Tolias P. , Pitts R.A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Owing to the high stored energy of ITER plasmas, the heat pulses due to uncontrolled Type I edge localized modes (ELMs) can be sufficient to melt the top surface of several poloidal rows of tungsten monoblocks in the divertor strike point regions. Coupled with the melt motion associated with tungsten in the strong tokamak magnetic fields, the resulting surface damage after even a comparatively small number of such repetitive transients may have a significant impact on long-term stationary power handling capability. The permissible numbers set important boundaries on operation and on the performance required from the plasma control system. Modelling is carried out with the recently updated MEMENTO melt dynamics code, which is tailored to tackle melt motion problems characterized by a vast spatio-temporal scale separation. The crucial role of coupling between surface deformation and shallow angle heat loading in aggravating melt damage is highlighted. As a consequence, the allowable operational space in terms of ELM-induced transient heat loads is history-dependent and once deformation has occurred, weaker heat loads, incapable of melting a pristine surface, can further extend the damage.
Experimental investigation of kinetic instabilities driven by runaway electrons in the EXL-50 spherical torus
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Tan Mingsheng , Shi Yuejiang , Wang Ziqi , Dong Jiaqi , Liu Adi , Zhuang Ge , Li Songjian , Song Shaodong , Yuan Baoshan , Martin Peng Y-K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, high-frequency instabilities driven by runaway electrons in the EXL-50 spherical torus have been reported using a high-frequency magnetic pickup coil. The frequency of these instabilities is found to be power function dependent on the plasma density, similar to the dispersion relation of the whistler wave. The observed instability seems to exhibit a fluctuating pattern, resembling frequency chirping behavior, which appears to align with the expected outcomes predicted by the Berk-Breizman model. Theoretically, the excitation threshold of the instability driven by runaway electrons is related to the ratio of the runaway electron density to the background plasma density, and the stability criterion is first demonstrated qualitatively in this work. The instability can be stabilized by the spontaneous rise of plasma density, consistent with the wave-particle resonance mechanism. This investigation demonstrates the excitation characteristic of chirping instabilities in a tokamak plasma and reveals new features of these instabilities, thereby advancing the understanding of the mechanisms for controlling and mitigating runaway electrons.
Control and Regulation of Au Hillocks Growth by the Electrical Field and their Metastable Dynamics in Ambient Atmosphere
Authors: Yu Dacheng , Tian Zhongzheng , Ren Liming , Fu Yunyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic engineering and nanotechnology, the electrical field-induced surface migration plays an increasingly important role in the fields of materials science. By comparing the changes in the surface migration behavior of gold nanogap electrodes under different electric field parameters, we reveal the kinetic processes and influencing factors of electric field-induced surface migration. Under the condition of only 1 pA current limit, under the continuous electric field, the hillcok only appears in the anode and gradually evolve into multiple peaks when rises to some extent. By establishing a finite element model of the nanogap, we find the hillock grows under the field strength gradient. Then hillock growth is biregulated by applying a positive or negative voltage to the drain end of the gap device. Located in the normal temperature atmosphere, the morphology will degenerate, and this feature is opposite to the hillock generated by electromigration.
Failure Analysis of Bypass Rupture of Flowmeter in Steam Pipeline
Authors: Yu Ting , Du Bin , Zhong Fengping , Peng Chao , Chao Huiquan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A petrochemical company’s pipeline ruptured in the flowmeter bypass of the main steam pipeline during a steam blowdown before commissioning, resulting in material failure and inoperability. The cause of the pipe rupture needed to be detected experimentally. To study the failure in the steam pipeline of a flowmeter of bypass rupture, visual inspection, mechanical properties testing, chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Mechanical property. The experiments confirmed the reason for the bypass rupture of the 15CrMoG steam pipeline: improper heat treatment transforms the material’s structure, and the pearlite spheroidization (PC) leads to the deterioration of the material’s mechanical properties. The main manifestations are as follows: the grains in the superheated zone of the welding exhibit a coarse morphology, and a distinctive superheated Widmanstatten structure is formed due to rapid cooling, resulting in a significant reduction in material plasticity and impact toughness. High-temperature oxidation occurs, accompanied by localized enrichment of Cr-element in certain areas, while other regions experience Cr depletion, resulting in the deterioration of material properties.
Simulation of Exploding Foil Initiator Flyers Driving Detonation
Authors: Hu Heng , Li Mingyu , Zeng Qingxuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Flyers are the key components that determine the detonation ability of Exploding Foil Initiators (EFI). The incident attitude and velocity of the flyer are the decisive factors affecting the initiation of explosives. This work utilizes a new simulation method to simulate the impact detonation process of flyers. Here we simulate the process of flyers being cut and accelerated, impacting explosives and explosives being detonated. It is possible to obtain the orientation and dynamic velocity changes of the flyer during its motion and the propagation process of detonation waves in explosives. The results provide detailed flyer morphology during the operation of the EFI and pressure changes in explosives. The results indicate that during the formation process of 10 μm and 20 μm flyers, the flip will occur. Additionally, 20 μm and 25 μm flyers can detonate HNS-IV, while 10 μm and 30 μm flyers can not detonate HNS-IV.
Research on Quantum State Implementation Based on Topological Insulators
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Chi , Zhuo Lan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper first introduces the mainstream technology route of quantum computing. The analysis provides the role and advantages of topological insulators in quantum computing, such as providing stable quantum bits, enhancing the coherence and non-locality of quantum bits, and enabling the transmission of quantum information and entanglement allocation. This paper then proposes a quantum state implementation scheme based on Bi2Se3, based on the characteristics and advantages of the quantum Hall effect of topological insulators. It includes calculating the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian of topological insulators, obtaining the spatial distribution of wave functions, and generating a quantum bit platform based on topological insulators. A quantum state implementation system based on topological insulator (Bi2Se3) was constructed, and the system framework and reference configuration were provided. The solution presented in this article is an important research achievement in topological quantum computing, providing more possibilities for the implementation of feasible fault-tolerant quantum computer prototypes.
Research on reactive power voltage control strategy of distribution networks containing distributed PV
Authors: Wang Bo , Yan Yang , Xia Zhanpeng , Dai Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the large-scale increase in photovoltaic power generation, its integration into the grid will affect the system voltage of the distribution network. This paper presents a reactive voltage control strategy for the distribution network based on deep reinforcement learning. Firstly, the objective function model is established based on the node voltage and network loss of the distribution network. Secondly, each photovoltaic inverter is modeled as an agent of the enhanced learning environment. The collaborative control problem of the photovoltaic inverter is transformed into an observable Markov decision-making process through the distribution network partition. The paper uses a double delay depth deterministic gradient algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, combined with the improvement of 33 nodes for verification, the proposed strategy has the stability of improving voltage, presenting an ability to effectively reduce network loss and verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Nature’s value, philosophies, theories, and concepts: a critical review and suggestions for future indigenous research
Authors: Damoah Elizabeth , Connor Jeffery D , Sangha Kamaljit K , Cooper Bethany , Poelina Anne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Numerous publications on natural resource valuations consider contexts where environmental assets at risk are significant to Indigenous Peoples and their estates. In the last two decades alone, many applied studies have aimed at investigating the ‘value’ of socio-environmental outcomes from the perspectives of the general populations including Indigenous Peoples. The term ‘value’ is often invoked in varying contexts ranging from empirical research to natural resource management (NRM) strategies and policies. Underpinning all valuation exercises is a conceptual approach to defining and analysing value, which is contextual given that different philosophies and worldviews consider nature’s ‘value’ differently. Our objective was to understand value philosophies underpinning diverse NRM ‘value’ paradigms and to evaluate compatibility with Indigenous Peoples’ value attribution. We conducted a systematic search for publications on nature studies from multiple databases using a Boolean strategy. The processes for literature identification and selection are presented in a PRISMA flowchart. The study then critically reviewed and synthesized insights from the literature on the interpretations, conceptualizations, and elicitations of value, particularly in contexts where NRM influences Indigenous estates. We found that philosophical perspectives define how ‘value’ is conceptualised and evaluated. Most studies reviewed rested on the economic paradigm grounded in anthropocentric utilitarian value-framing, and limited studies considered a relational value lens that reflects Indigenous Peoples’ value attribution for the natural environment. A relational lens sits outside of the usual ‘instrumental versus intrinsic’ value dichotomy and deems human-nature connections coupled, and worthy in themselves. The paper demonstrates the commonalities and inconsistencies across diverse value conceptualizations and describes emerging pluralistic approaches consistent with Indigenous value attribution. A novel framework for understanding and bridging the different conceptual and analytical valuation lenses, particularly on water, is presented ensuring that multiple, complex, and distinct value dimensions are empirically bridged in studies involving Indigenous Peoples.
Modified norm activation model (NAM) to see the effect of technology on food waste management behaviour
Authors: Nurisusilawati I , Qornaeni L , Jannah A N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Food waste management is a way to reduce food waste, but the community, especially the SME food sector, still needs to learn more about this, so only a few food SME owners manage food waste. The use of technological innovation can influence and change the knowledge of SME owners toward sustainable behaviour. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing food waste management behaviour among food SMEs and look at the influence of innovative technology on food waste management behaviour. This study uses a modified Norm Activation Model (NAM) theory to answer the research objectives. The NAM model has four variables, namely Awareness of Consequence (AC), Ascription of Responsibility (AR), Personal Norm (PN), and Behaviour Intention (BI) variables. The behaviour of food waste management (BF) and technological innovation (TI) variables were added to determine the effect of innovation on food waste management behaviour. The method used is SEM-PLS to see the effect between variables. The research results show that the AR positively influences PN with R2 value is 0.168. The TI and PN influence BI with R2 value is 0.352. The BI positively influences SME owners to manage food waste R2 value is 0.638. The intention is the variable that has the most significant effect on the behaviour of managing food waste, and the personal norm is the variable that is most significant in triggering the level of the intention of food SME owners. The results of this research imply that it is necessary to raise knowledge about food waste and its consequences and make technologies that are easy and inexpensive for SME owners so that their intention to manage food waste can increase.
Characteristics of rain tree seed (Samanea saman) biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures
Authors: Rahmat A , Rahman N A , Latuponu H , Sutiharni S , Elfina Y , Lidiyawati A , Asni A , Yusnaini Y , Rosnina A G , Wirda Z , Azmi Y 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A Rain trees (Samanea saman) yield abundant seeds, averaging 200-250 kg of pods per season from mature trees. This high seed production often results in waste or undesired seedlings. To mitigate this issue, researchers are studying methods to utilize these seeds effectively. One promising approach involves converting rain tree seeds into biochar through pyrolysis, a process that transforms organic resources into valuable products. However, the characteristics of the biochar depend on the pyrolysis temperature. This study aims to examine how different temperatures affect the properties of rain tree seed biochar. The seeds were subjected to pyrolysis at temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C for four hours. The results show that increasing the pyrolysis temperature will decrease the biochar yield, with the highest yield at 300°C being 50.52%. Conversely, the ash content and fixed carbon increase with rising temperatures. SEM analysis indicates that pores begin to form at 400°C; however, at 600°C, extensive pore cracking is observed. Based on FTIR analysis, functional groups including -OH, C=C, C=O, C-O, and C-H were identified. XRF analysis reveals that the four dominant elements in biochar are K2O (55-59%), CaO (24-28%), P2O5 (11-12%), and MgO (1.5-1.9%). Based on these dominant elements, rain tree seed biochar has potential for soil amendment, containing macronutrients necessary for plant growth.
Biocomposites reinforced with wood flour and eggshell powder: production and properties
Authors: Nathaniel F , Anggono J , Wibawa A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wood plastic composite (WPC) is one example of a biocomposite that has been applied commercially as structural materials either in the building industry and in the automobile interior parts. In this work, WPC was developed based on polypropylene (PP) from used medical mask, polyethylene (PE) from plastic pocket reinforced with wood flour mixed with eggshell powder (ESP). The study aims to target similar properties as commercial WPC with its tensile strength of 14.27 MPa, flexural strength of 37.57 MPa, water absorption 2.61 %, and flammability (burning rate) < 100 mm/min. The composition of the composites investigated was PP (45 wt. %), PE (5 wt. %), wood flour (30 wt. %), ESP (20 wt. %). The effect of calcined and uncalcined ESP on the properties was first studied and the results show no significant differences in their properties. That finding leads to prepare biocomposite samples using hot press with various applied pressures, i.e. 0.55; 0.65; and 0.75 MPa. The tests show that the samples prepared with hot press pressure of 0.55 MPa can meet all the limit target of the above properties.
Comparison of the Naïve Bayes and the Nearest Neighbor method to detect vegetation in some of the New Capital of Indonesia (IKN)
Authors: Nugroho J T , Sari N M , Rahmi K I N , Febrianti N , Arifin S , Sakti A D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human activities or anthropogenic activities can cause land cover changes in an area. IKN as the new capital city of Indonesia has the potential to experience changes in land cover due to massive infrastructure development in the future. Land cover detection using remote sensing and machine learning is growing rapidly because it can monitor environmental conditions in an area. Planet imagery is one of the most recent remote sensing data with sufficient spatial resolution to identify land cover. This research aims to detect vegetation objects and built-up land in the study area. The data used is Planet imagery and the research area is part of the IKN in Kalimantan, Indonesia. The method proposed in this study is the object-based classification (OBIA) Naïve Bayes compared to Nearest Neighbor method. The results show that OBIA using these two machine learnings are able to detect vegetation and built-up land where the overall accuracy with Nearest Neighbor reaches 87.8% and Naïve Bayes obtains a higher accuracy of 98.7%. This research only classifies vegetation and built-up land and in the future research can be developed to see how biodiversity conditions in the IKN area can be detected. These results indicate that the proposed method is effective for detection of built-up land cover and vegetation as a solution for environmental monitoring in IKN. By considering Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats and comparing these two methods, it is concluded that Naïve Bayes is better than Nearest Neighbor to detect vegetation in study area.
Sediment transport model for sustainable dredging of the Barito River in Indonesia
Authors: Riyadi A , Syaefudin  , Garno Y S , Prayogo T , Hidayat N , Kusumastuti E , Rosadi A H Y , Tresnadi H , Zaidan M , Widodo L , Mujianto  
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Barito River is the largest river in Indonesia with a discharge of 4,160 m3/second. The project objective is to deepen the port area of the Port Expansion to meet the minimum barge draft with a ship width of 28 m, ship draft 6.5 m and ship length 100 m. The estimated volume of dredging for an area 40 ha with an existing riverbed −13 mLWS is 2,500,000 BCM. Geotechnical dredging studies include slope stability analysis, bearing capacity of soil reinforcement and sampling of embankment material types. Bathymetry measurement method using multibeam Echosounder and Sub-Bottom Profiler. Dredging modeling uses DHI Mike Hydrodynamics and Mud Transport Module software. The ship uses a Cutter Suction Dredger type with capacity of 5,000 m3/day and Pelican Barge with capacity of 6,000 m3/day. The model input used is TSS and the percentage of 5 river sediment grain size classes in the Upstream, Middlestream and Downstream project locations. Scenario model dredging was carried out with 12 different scenarios in the installation of 2 silt curtains. With pollutant transport and geotechnical models, landslides and sediment distribution patterns can be mitigated.
Penstock pipe’s hydraulic design for the mini hydropower plant at Besai Kemu, Bukit Kemuning, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Plamonia N , Saputra E R A , Said N I , Hernaningsih T , Widayat W , Hanif M , Adi P D , Yohanitas W A , Niode N , Dewa R P , Witama R O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydropower, as a renewable energy source, holds significant potential for electricity generation. However, optimizing the design of hydropower penstocks to ensure efficient energy conversion remains a complex challenge. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the optimal hydraulic calculations for designing a penstock system in Lampung, Indonesia, thereby contributing to the understanding of micro hydropower engineering. The research adopts an explanatory methodology, utilizing a case study approach in Bukit Kemuning, Lampung, Indonesia. Design data collection at the research site and relevant hydraulic design indicators from literature serve as the foundation for conducting comprehensive hydraulic calculations. The study focuses on key parameters such as penstock dimensions, power generation capacity, and energy loss assessments to inform the design process. The analysis reveals a flow rate of 11 m3/s and a flow velocity of 2.43 m/s, resulting in a targeted power output of 3234 Kilowatts. The findings underscore the critical role of key elevation parameters and design considerations in optimizing the penstock system for efficient electricity generation. Detailed calculations elucidate the determination of penstock dimensions, the evaluation of energy losses, and the consideration of surge pressure velocity to ensure system resilience. To withstand high water pressure, the research advocates for penstock pipes with specific dimensions: two pipes, each 116 m in length, with a diameter of 2.4 m and a cross-sectional area of 4.52 m2 requiring a thickness of 10 mm. The study identifies pressure reduction factors, including head loss due to penstock friction (0.169 m), friction losses (0.1635 m), and water hammer reaching 2 bar with an acceleration of 88.03 m/s2. The net head after turbulent and friction losses is determined to be 30 m. This study highlights the importance of tailored design strategies in effectively harnessing hydropower resources, offering valuable insights for micro hydropower projects globally.
Abundance of microplastics in Cisadane river - Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni N S , Efadeswarni  , Syuhada  , Liza C , Sudaryanto A , Sulistia S , Wahyono I B , Witama R O , Shiddiq M A , Mardani R , Aditya H R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microplastics have become a serious threat to the aquatic environment, water treatment facilities, and riverside residents because they are persistent. Microplastics generally come from plastic waste produced by human and industrial activities that enter the rivers. In this study, the Cisadane River was studied for microplastic presence. Sampling was conducted at 11 points along the Cisadane River from the upstream (Muria Jaya) to the downstream (Teluk Naga). Samples were taken using a 200-mesh plankton net and then analyzed using a digital microscope for the microplastic’s presence, sizes, and shapes. Furthermore, material identification was conducted using a Raman Spectroscopy Microscope to determine the material type of microplastic in the samples. According to the result, the Cisadane River contains microplastics of various shapes and sizes. The result shows the abundance of microplastics of 0.8-9.6 particles/m3 0.8-26.4 particles/m3 in fibers and fragments, respectively. Microplastics in the form of fragments are the most dominant form. The size of microplastics varies from 65 to 4,932 μm for fibers and 23 to 2,444 μm for fragments. These differences are due to primary and secondary microplastic degradation rates through weathering, abrasion, mechanical disintegration, photolysis, and microbiological activity. The colors of microplastics found were blue, brown, cream, red, black, and transparent, with transparent being the most dominant color. The material types found were polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP).