bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in physiological parameters of systemic inflammatory response syndrome during the three days prior to a diagnosis of sepsis: a case–control study
Authors: Oh HyunSoo , Bae EunKyoung , Lim SeonYoung , Oh JiHye , Han SunYoung , Seo WhaSook 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study was conducted to determine temporal patterns of early changes in physiological parameters of systemic inflammatory response syndrome over three days prior to a diagnosis of sepsis.BackgroundEarly detection and timely management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome are often not implemented due to a failure to recognise or diagnose systemic inflammatory response syndrome.DesignA retrospective case–control study design was adopted.MethodsAll 81 study subjects in an intensive care unit were included: 33 case subjects who received a definitive diagnosis of sepsis and 48 control patients who were not diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Vital signs (temperatures, heart rates, blood pressures and respiratory rates) and white blood cell count, urine output, serum creatinine concentration, platelet count and serum glucose level data were collected for one, two and three days prior to sepsis diagnosis.ResultsHomogeneity test revealed greater proportions of the aged and subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and wound in the case group. Analysis also showed significant intergroup differences in systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria score, heart rates, platelet counts and blood glucose levels, but no intergroup differences in body temperatures, blood pressures, respiratory rates, urine outputs or serum creatinine levels. A larger proportion of case subjects were fitted with a central venous or Foley catheter.ConclusionsThe presence of a wound, hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and the use of an invasive medical device may increase the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Of the physiological parameters examined, heart rate, platelet counts, and blood glucose levels might serve as significant early signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Relevance to clinical practiceCaution should be observed whenever diabetic or hypertension patients develop sudden and persistent hyperglycaemia or tachycardia, and nurses should also be aware of the potential for systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with a central venous or indwelling urinary catheter.
Determination of nurses' mental workloads using subjective methods
Authors: Sönmez Betül , Oğuz Zeynep , Kutlu Leman , Yıldırım Aytolan 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scale into Turkish, to determine the nurses' mental workload using subjective methods and to identify the factors affecting the mental workloads of nurses.BackgroundAs the concept of safety gains prominence in healthcare services, the determination of employees' mental workloads using subjective methods is considered important in preventing errors caused by employees.DesignMethodological and descriptive design.MethodsThe population of the study consisted of a total of 1900 nurses working at three hospitals and a dentistry faculty hospital affiliated with a public university in Istanbul. The sample of the study consisted of 1266 nurses who agreed to participate in the study (the rate of return was 66·6%). Language and content validity and reliability measurements were performed to adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index into Turkish, which was used as the data collection tool.ResultsIt was found that the mean total mental workload score of the nurses was 80·48 (SD 11·76), and the weighted score of mental workload was 83·7. While the highest mean score was obtained on the subscale of mental demand (88·08, SD 16·12), the lowest mean score was obtained on the subscale of frustration (54·52, SD 29·96). The mean total mental workload score of the nurses showed a significant difference according to the units in which the nurses worked.ConclusionThe mean mental workload scores of nurses working at hospitals within the scope of the study were higher than the results of other studies.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is recommended that nurse managers perform mental workload measurements of nurses and compare the results with the quality indicators observed in units to determine and employ a labour force that is qualified for the profession and that may benefit more effectively from human resources.
Crusticorallina gen. nov., a nongeniculate genus in the subfamily Corallinoideae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Hind Katharine R. , Gabrielson Paul W. , P. Jensen Cassandra , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: July 2016

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA (SSU) gene sequences confirm the placement of Crusticorallina gen. nov. in Corallinoideae, the first nongeniculate genus in an otherwise geniculate subfamily. Crusticorallina is distinguished from all other coralline genera by the following suite of morpho‐anatomical characters: (i) sunken, uniporate gametangial and bi/tetrasporangial conceptacles, (ii) cells linked by cell fusions, not secondary pit connections, (iii) an epithallus of 1 or 2 cell layers, (iv) a hypothallus that occupies 50% or more of the total thallus thickness, (v) elongate meristematic cells, and (vi) trichocytes absent. Four species are recognized based on rbcL, psbA and COI‐5P sequences, C. painei sp. nov., the generitype, C. adhaerens sp. nov., C. nootkana sp. nov. and C. muricata comb. nov., previously known as Pseudolithophyllum muricatum. Type material of Lithophyllum muricatum, basionym of C. muricata, in TRH comprises at least two taxa, and therefore we accept the previously designated lectotype specimen in UC that we sequenced to confirm its identity. Crusticorallina species are very difficult to distinguish using morpho‐anatomical and/or habitat characters, although at specific sites, some species may be distinguished by a combination of morpho‐anatomy, habitat and biogeography. The Northeast Pacific now boasts six coralline endemic genera, far more than any other region of the world.
The Argonaute‐binding platform of NRPE1 evolves through modulation of intrinsically disordered repeats
Authors: Trujillo Joshua T. , Beilstein Mark A. , Mosher Rebecca A. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Argonaute (Ago) proteins are important effectors in RNA silencing pathways, but they must interact with other machinery to trigger silencing. Ago hooks have emerged as a conserved motif responsible for interaction with Ago proteins, but little is known about the sequence surrounding Ago hooks that must restrict or enable interaction with specific Argonautes.

Here we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of an Ago‐binding platform in NRPE1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase V. We compared NRPE1 sequences from > 50 species, including dense sampling of two plant lineages.

This study demonstrates that the Ago‐binding platform of NRPE1 retains Ago hooks, intrinsic disorder, and repetitive character while being highly labile at the sequence level. We reveal that loss of sequence conservation is the result of relaxed selection and frequent expansions and contractions of tandem repeat arrays. These factors allow a complete restructuring of the Ago‐binding platform over 50–60 million yr. This evolutionary pattern is also detected in a second Ago‐binding platform, suggesting it is a general mechanism.

The presence of labile repeat arrays in all analyzed NRPE1 Ago‐binding platforms indicates that selection maintains repetitive character, potentially to retain the ability to rapidly restructure the Ago‐binding platform.
Environmental components of childhood obesity prevention interventions: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Cauchi D. , Glonti K. , Petticrew M. , Knai C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryChildhood obesity has a complex multi‐factorial aetiology grounded in environmental and individual level factors that affect behaviour and outcomes. An ecological, systems‐based approach to addressing childhood obesity is increasingly being advocated. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the evidence reported in systematic reviews on the effectiveness of population‐level childhood obesity prevention interventions that have an environmental component. We conducted a systematic review of reviews published since 1995, employing a standardized search strategy in nine databases. Inclusion criteria required that reviews be systematic and evaluated at least one population‐level, environmental intervention in any setting aimed at preventing or reducing obesity in children (5–18 years). Sixty‐three reviews were included, ten of which were of high quality. Results show modest impact of a broad range of environmental strategies on anthropometric outcomes. Systematic reviews vary in methodological quality, and not all relevant primary studies may be included in each review. To ensure relevance of our findings to practice, we also report on relevant underlying primary studies, providing policy‐relevant recommendations based on the evidence reviewed. Greater standardization of review methods and reporting structures will benefit policymakers and public health professionals seeking informed decision‐making.
The effects of school‐based lifestyle interventions on body mass index and blood pressure: a multivariate multilevel meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Oosterhoff M. , Joore M. , Ferreira I. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPrimary prevention of childhood obesity and related hypertension is warrant given that both risk factors are intertwined and track into adulthood. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assess the impact of school‐based lifestyle interventions on children's body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. We searched databases and prior reviews. Eligibility criteria were the following: randomized controlled trial design, evaluation of a school‐based intervention, targeting children aged 4–12 years, reporting on BMI and/or related cardiovascular risk factors, reporting data on at least one follow‐up moment. The effects on BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate three‐level random effects models. A total of 85 RCTs (91 papers) were included in the meta‐analyses. In univariate models, the pooled effects were −0.072 (95%CI: −0.106; −0.038) for BMI, −0.183 (95%CI: −0.288; −0.078) for SBP and −0.071 (95%CI: −0.185; 0.044) for DBP. In multivariate analyses, the pooled effects of interventions were −0.054 (95%CI: −0.131; 0.022) for BMI, −0.182 (95%CI: −0.266; −0.098) for SBP and −0.144 (95%CI: −0.230; −0.057) for DBP. Parental involvement accentuated the beneficial effects of interventions. School‐based lifestyle prevention interventions result in beneficial changes in children's BMI and blood pressure, and the effects on the latter may be stronger than and accrue independently from those in the former.
Omentum and bone marrow: how adipocyte‐rich organs create tumour microenvironments conducive for metastatic progression
Authors: Chkourko Gusky H. , Diedrich J. , MacDougald O. A. , Podgorski I. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA number of clinical studies have linked adiposity with increased cancer incidence, progression and metastasis, and adipose tissue is now being credited with both systemic and local effects on tumour development and survival. Adipocytes, a major component of benign adipose tissue, represent a significant source of lipids, cytokines and adipokines, and their presence in the tumour microenvironment substantially affects cellular trafficking, signalling and metabolism. Cancers that have a high predisposition to metastasize to the adipocyte‐rich host organs are likely to be particularly affected by the presence of adipocytes. Although our understanding of how adipocytes influence tumour progression has grown significantly over the last several years, the mechanisms by which adipocytes regulate the metastatic niche are not well‐understood. In this review, we focus on the omentum, a visceral white adipose tissue depot, and the bone, a depot for marrow adipose tissue, as two distinct adipocyte‐rich organs that share common characteristic: they are both sites of significant metastatic growth. We highlight major differences in origin and function of each of these adipose depots and reveal potential common characteristics that make them environments that are attractive and conducive to secondary tumour growth. Special attention is given to how omental and marrow adipocytes modulate the tumour microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis, affecting immune cells and altering metabolism to support growth and survival of metastatic cancer cells.
La vie mentie de Michel del Castillo
Authors: Lindberg Svante 
Published: July 2016

Dans cet article, je vise à élucider les rapports au lieu culturel espagnol dans un roman de la production tardive de Michel del Castillo (né en 1933), La vie mentie (2007). Il s'agit d'étudier les thématiques de la mémoire du passé et de la culture de l'Espagne. J'aborde deux visions de la culture : culture « atavique » et culture « composite », telles que définies par Édouard Glissant dans sa poétique de la filiation et de la Relation. Sont discutées aussi les questions du devoir de mémoire, du lieu espagnol essentialiste, et du lieu espagnol comme espace de projection personnelle. Le rapport avec l'Espagne est‐il à voir comme un rapport culturel atavique ou s'agit‐il d'un rapport culturel composite ? Je discute également le rôle de l'écrivain Michel del Castillo en tant qu'écrivain de langue française œuvrant dans un espace limitrophe entre littérature française, littérature espagnole et littérature‐monde.
Performance of Atrial Fibrillation Detection in a New Single‐Chamber ICD
Authors: DESHMUKH ABHISHEK , BROWN MARK L. , HIGGINS ELISE , SCHOUSEK BRIAN , ABEYRATNE ATHULA , ROVARIS GIOVANNI , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPatients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) often have a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) or will develop AF after device implant. Optimal management of ICD patients includes early diagnosis of AF and monitoring of AF burden. We evaluated the performance of an algorithm for monitoring AF in single‐chamber ICDs.MethodsThe RR interval variability‐based detection algorithm determines RR variability by creating a Lorenz plot of the change in RR intervals for the most recent interval pair versus the previous interval pair. A new plot is created every 2 minutes and the AF evidence score of the plot is computed. Patient RR interval data from several Holter databases were pooled to test the performance of the AF detection algorithm.ResultsIn total, 187 recordings from 186 patients were used to assess the performance of the AF detection algorithm integrated into a single‐chamber ICD by comparing the ICD detection results to the Holter annotated truth. Thirty‐five of 186 patients had a total of 94 AF episodes in their Holter recordings lasting a total of 250.5 hours (mean episode duration 7.2 hours). The generalized estimating equations‐adjusted estimate of episode sensitivity was 94.8% with 95% lower confidence limit of 87.2%. Gross duration sensitivity was 95.0% for AF episodes of at least 6 minutes duration with gross duration specificity of 99.6%.ConclusionThis RR interval‐based AF detection algorithm performs well with high sensitivity and specificity. Integration of this algorithm into single‐chamber ICDs will help monitor and detect AF, thus facilitating optimal therapy to prevent AF‐related sequelae.
A multilevel investigation to discover why Kandelia candel thrives in high salinity
Authors: Wang Lingxia , Pan Dezhuo , Lv Xiaojie , Cheng Chi‐Lien , Li Jian , Liang Wenyu , Xing Jianhong , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe halophilic mangrove species Kandelia candel is an excellent model for understanding why halophytes thrive in high salinity. Preliminary transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes involved in diverse functions, such as in phenylpropanoid and amino acid metabolisms, and those in DNA replication and damage repair were highly responsive to salt stress. Proteomic analyses revealed that the proteins involved in light reaction of photosynthesis, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and posttranslational modification showed increased levels in response to salt stress. The metabolisms of phenylpropanoids and amino acids under salt stress were systematically examined based on the preliminary omics analyses. The activities of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes and the contents of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and lignins were significantly increased under salt stress. In the free amino acid pool, glutamate was the most abundant. Together with γ‐aminobutyric acid, glutamate levels further increased, while proline levels remained unchanged in response to salt stress. These findings point to the potential importance of phenylpropanoids and free amino acids in salt tolerance of K. candel that have been observed, but not systemically investigated at the levels of gene expression, enzyme activity and metabolite accumulation in glycophytes and non‐tree halophytes.
Working memory maintenance is sufficient to reduce state anxiety
Authors: Balderston Nicholas L. , Quispe‐Escudero David , Hale Elizabeth , Davis Andrew , O'Connell Katherine , Ernst Monique , Grillon Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAccording to the attentional control theory (ACT) proposed by Eysenck and colleagues, anxiety interferes with cognitive processing by prioritizing bottom‐up attentional processes over top‐down attentional processes, leading to competition for access to limited resources in working memory, particularly the central executive (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, ). However, previous research using the n‐back working memory task suggests that working memory load also reduces state anxiety. Assuming that similar mechanisms underlie the effect of anxiety on cognition, and the effect of cognition on anxiety, one possible implication of the ACT would suggest that the reduction of state anxiety with increasing working memory load is driven by activation of central executive attentional control processes. We tested this hypothesis using the Sternberg working memory paradigm, where maintenance processes can be isolated from central executive processes (Altamura et al., ; Sternberg, ). Consistent with the n‐back results, subjects showed decreased state anxiety during the maintenance period of high‐load trials relative to low‐load trials, suggesting that maintenance processes alone are sufficient to achieve this state anxiety reduction. Given that the Sternberg task does not require central executive engagement, these results are not consistent with an implication of the ACT where the cognition/anxiety relationship and anxiety/cognition relationship are mediated by similar central executive mechanisms. Instead, we propose an extension of the ACT such that engaging working memory maintenance suppresses state anxiety in a load‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the efficacy of this effect may moderate the effect of trait anxiety on cognition.
Assessing the efficacy of a single‐unit red blood cell transfusion policy at a multisite transfusion service using a computerized retrospective audit
Authors: Covello T. P. C. , Quinn J. G. , Kumar‐Misir A. , Watson S. , Almohammadi M. , Crocker B. D. , Conrad D. M. , Tennankore K. , Sadek I. , Kahwash E. , Cheng C. K. 
Published: July 2016

Background and ObjectivesIn 2013, an Eastern Canada blood bank implemented a new policy to reduce red cell transfusion. The policy mandated clinical or laboratory reassessment of stable, non‐bleeding patients after each unit transfused, before issuing subsequent units. A computerized audit assessed the policy's effectiveness.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compares the policy's effect on transfusion practice across three groups of adult inpatients: haematology, surgery and internal medicine. Compliance was inferred from increases in the proportion of single‐unit red cell transfusions among all single‐ and double‐unit transfusions. Outcome variables included transfusion intensity (red cell units administered per admission involving a transfusion) and pretransfusion haemoglobin levels.ResultsEach group had more transfusions issued as single units during the ten months following policy enforcement. In haematology patients, single‐unit transfusions increased from 17% to 89% and transfusion intensity decreased (median: 2–2, Q1: 2–1, Q3: 6–4, P < 0·001). Single‐unit transfusions increased from 57% to 94% in medicine patients and from 63% to 87% in surgery patients. Transfusion intensity also decreased in surgical patients (median: 2–1, Q1: 1–1, Q3: 2–2, P < 0·001) and in medicine patients (median: 2–1, Q1: 1–1, Q3: 2–2, P = 0·008). No group showed a clinically significant change in pretransfusion haemoglobin levels.ConclusionThe audit demonstrated significant compliance with a single‐unit transfusion policy. Transfusion intensity decreased in all groups despite no clinically significant change in pretransfusion haemoglobin levels.
Vascular responsiveness measured by tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion slope is sensitive to different occlusion durations and training status
Authors: McLay Kaitlin M. , Gilbertson James E. , Pogliaghi Silvia , Paterson Donald H. , Murias Juan M. 
Published: July 2016

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is the near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived measure of tissue oxygen saturation () reperfusion slope sensitive to a range of ischaemic conditions, and do differences exist between trained and untrained individuals?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The reperfusion rate is sensitive to different occlusion durations, and changes in the reperfusion slope in response to a variety of ischaemic challenges can be used to detect differences between two groups. These data indicate that near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived measures of , specifically the reperfusion slope following a vascular occlusion, can be used as a sensitive measure of vascular responsiveness.

The reperfusion rate of near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived measures of tissue oxygen saturation () represents vascular responsiveness. This study examined whether the reperfusion slope of is sensitive to different ischaemic conditions (i.e. a dose–response relationship) and whether differences exist between two groups of different fitness levels. Nine healthy trained (T; age 25 ± 3 years; maximal oxygen uptake 63.4 ± 6.7 ml kg−1 min−1) and nine healthy untrained men (UT; age 21 ± 1 years; maximal oxygen uptake 46.6 ± 2.5 ml kg−1 min−1) performed a series of vascular occlusion tests of different durations (30 s, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min), each separated by 30 min. The was measured over the tibialis anterior using near‐infrared spectroscopy, with the reperfusion slope calculated as the upslope during 10 s following cuff release. The reperfusion slope was steeper in T compared with UT at all occlusion durations (P < 0.05). For the T group, the reperfusion slopes for 30 s and 1 min occlusions were less than for all longer durations (P < 0.05). The reperfusion slope following 2 min occlusion was similar to that for 3 min (P > 0.05), but both were less steep than for 5 min of occlusion. In UT, the reperfusion slope at 30 s was smaller than for all longer occlusion durations (P < 0.05), and 1 min occlusion resulted in a reperfusion slope that was less steep than following 2 and 3 min (P < 0.05), albeit not different from 5 min (P > 0.05). The present study demonstrated that the reperfusion rate of is sensitive to different occlusion durations, and that changes in the reperfusion rate in response to a variety of ischaemic challenges can be used to detect differences in vascular responsiveness between trained and untrained groups.