bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Management of Postpartum Pain
Authors: Hastings Victoria , McCallister Adrienne Marie , Curtis Sarah A. , Valant Roseanna J. , Yao Sheldon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Context: Pain is one of the most common postpartum complaints by women in the United States, and the pain varies in its location. Research on intervention strategies for postpartum pain has focused primarily on the lower back, but pain management for other types of postpartum pain remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on postpartum pain; the location, quality, and timing of pain; and the difference in pain between vaginal and cesarean delivery.

Methods: Postpartum patients who reported having pain were recruited at St Barnabas Hospital in Bronx, New York. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was administered along with a screening questionnaire. Second- or third-year residents in neuromusculoskeletal medicine and osteopathic manipulative medicine examined patients and then diagnosed and managed somatic dysfunction with OMT for approximately 25 minutes. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was again administered after OMT. Paired t tests and McNemar tests were used to analyze changes before and after OMT for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Differences in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores between patients who had vaginal vs cesarean delivery were tested using analysis of variance, and group differences in pain location were tested using a Pearson χ2 test.

Results: A total of 59 patients were included in the study. The mean VAS score for pain was 5.0 before OMT and 2.9 after OMT (P<.001). The VAS scores before OMT significantly differed between patients who had a vaginal delivery and those who had a cesarean delivery (P<.001), but the mean decrease in VAS score was similar in both groups. Decreases in low back pain (34 [57.6%] before and 16 [27.1%] after OMT), abdominal pain (32 [54.2%] before and 22 [37.3%] after OMT), and vaginal pain (11 [18.6%] before and 5 [8.5%] after OMT) were reported after OMT (P<.05).

Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrate that OMT is efficacious for postpartum pain management. The lack of a control group precludes the ability to make causal claims. Future studies are needed to solidify OMT efficacy and generalizability.
Self-Reported Minimalist Running Injury Incidence and Severity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ostermann Katrina , Ridpath Lance , Hanna Jandy B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Minimalist running entails using shoes with a flexible thin sole and is popular in the United States. Existing literature disagrees over whether minimalist running shoes (MRS) improve perceived severity of injuries associated with running in traditional running shoes (TRS). Additionally, the perceived injury patterns associated with MRS are relatively unknown.

Objectives: To examine whether injury incidence and severity (ie, degree of pain) by body region change after switching to MRS, and to determine if transition times affect injury incidences or severity with MRS.

Methods: Runners who were either current or previous users of MRS were recruited to complete an Internet-based survey regarding self-reported injury before switching to MRS and whether self-reported pain from that injury decreased after switching. Questions regarding whether new injuries developed in respondents after switching to MRS were also included. Analyses were calculated using t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Fischer exact tests.

Results: Forty-seven runners completed the survey, and 16 respondents reported injuries before switching to MRS. Among these respondents, pain resulting from injuries of the feet (P=.03) and knees (P=.01) decreased. Eighteen respondents (38.3%) indicated they sustained new injuries after switching to MRS, but the severity of these did not differ significantly from no injury. Neither time allowed for transition to MRS nor use or disuse of a stretching routine during this period was correlated with an increase in the incidence or severity of injuries.

Conclusion: After switching to MRS, respondents perceived an improvement in foot and knee injuries. Additionally, respondents using MRS reported an injury rate of 38.3%, compared with the approximately 64% that the literature reports among TRS users. Future studies should be expanded to determine the full extent of the differences in injury patterns between MRS and TRS.
Ophthalmic Diseases in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Skorin Leonid , Knutson Rachel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 2% of women and 4% of men, but the prevalence of asymptomatic OSA is significantly higher. Several ophthalmic conditions are associated with OSA, including floppy eyelid syndrome, glaucoma, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, papilledema, keratoconus, and central serous chorioretinopathy. The purpose of this review is to provide primary care physicians with a general knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and management of the ophthalmic diseases associated with OSA.
A Rare Case of MALT Lymphoma Underlying Ileocecal Intussusception
Authors: Adams Kathryn M. , Roe Nicole M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntussusception is an extremely rare diagnosis in adults, with an etiologic process identified in the majority of cases. The authors describe an unusual case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma as the underlying cause of ileocecal intussusception in an elderly woman. The patient presented with complaints of abdominal pain of variable intensity that had increased in severity over the past several months. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan revealed evidence of ileocecal intussusception, and a subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed high-grade bowel obstruction. Early recognition of intussusception is critical to appropriate management and resolution.
Bonding of lithium niobate to silicon in ambient air using laser irradiation
Authors: Kawano Hiroki , Takigawa Ryo , Ikenoue Hiroshi , Asano Tanemasa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a bonding method in ambient air using laser irradiation to the face-to-face interface of dissimilar materials. This method is performed while keeping whole wafers of the materials at room temperature. We demonstrate the bonding of LiNbO3 to Si using pulsed nanosecond green laser irradiation. Laser use can minimize thermal stress owing to a large thermal expansion mismatch. The bonding characteristic obtained by an irradiation laser up to 2.5 J/cm2 in fluence is investigated. It is found that a LiNbO3 chip is strongly bonded to a Si chip by setting the laser fluence at the optimum range. A bond strength of over 2 MPa, which may be enough for the device applications, can be obtained.
Speckle reduction in laser picoprojector by combining optical phase matrix with twin green lasers and oscillating MEMS mirror for coherence suppression
Authors: Lee Jae-Yong , Kim Tae-Ha , Yim BooBin , Bu Jong-Uk , Kim Young-Joo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The combined speckle reduction method is proposed and designed for laser picoprojectors taking small size, high optical power, and good image preservation into account. An optical phase matrix, twin green lasers, and an oscillating MEMS scanning mirror are used to suppress the speckle by reducing spatial and temporal coherences. The optical phase matrix is designed using a 5 µm pixel pitch based on Matlab simulation results and fabricated by imprinting. The twin green lasers with a modulation configuration and an oscillating MEMS scanning mirror are also applied taking the resolution of the display image and the scanning frequency of the MEMS scanning mirror into account. From the experimental results, it is confirmed that the speckle contrast is reduced by 47.47% by the optical phase matrix, 27.93% by the twin green lasers, and 18.89% by the oscillating MEMS scanning mirror. Finally, the combined speckle contrast results in a speckle reduction efficiency of 53.80% with a relatively small optical power loss of 18.21%.
Information theoretic alignment free variant calling
Authors: Bedo Justin , Goudey Benjamin , Wazny Jeremy , Zhou Zeyu 
Published: July 2016

While traditional methods for calling variants across whole genome sequence data rely on alignment to an appropriate reference sequence, alternative techniques are needed when a suitable reference does not exist. We present a novel alignment and assembly free variant calling method based on information theoretic principles designed to detect variants have strong statistical evidence for their ability to segregate samples in a given dataset. Our method uses the context surrounding a particular nucleotide to define variants. Given a set of reads, we model the probability of observing a given nucleotide conditioned on the surrounding prefix and suffixes of lengthkas a multinomial distribution. We then estimate which of these contexts are stable intra-sample and varying inter-sample using a statistic based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence.The utility of the variant calling method was evaluated through analysis of a pair of bacterial datasets and a mouse dataset. We found that our variants are highly informative for supervised learning tasks with performance similar to standard reference based calls and another reference free method (DiscoSNP++). Comparisons against reference based calls showed our method was able to capture very similar population structure on the bacterial dataset. The algorithm’s focus on discriminatory variants makes it suitable for many common analysis tasks for organisms that are too diverse to be mapped back to a single reference sequence.
Nitrate uptake across biomes and the influence of elemental stoichiometry: A new look at LINX II
Authors: Wymore Adam S. , Coble Ashley A. , Rodríguez‐Cardona Bianca , McDowell William H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractConsidering recent increases in anthropogenic N loading, it is essential to identify the controls on N removal and retention in aquatic ecosystems because the fate of N has consequences for water quality in streams and downstream ecosystems. Biological uptake of nitrate (NO3−) is a major pathway by which N is removed from these ecosystems. Here we used data from the second Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment (LINX II) in a multivariate analysis to identify the primary drivers of variation in NO3− uptake velocity among biomes. Across 69 study watersheds in North America, dissolved organic carbon:NO3− ratios and photosynthetically active radiation were identified as the two most important predictor variables in explaining NO3− uptake velocity. However, within a specific biome the predictor variables of NO3− uptake velocity varied and included various physical, chemical, and biological attributes. Our analysis demonstrates the broad control of elemental stoichiometry on NO3− uptake velocity as well as the importance of biome‐specific predictors. Understanding this spatial variation has important implications for biome‐specific watershed management and the downstream export of NO3−, as well as for development of spatially explicit global models that describe N dynamics in streams and rivers.
Contributions of growth and deformation to monthly variability in sea ice thickness north of the coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Kwok R. , Cunningham G. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRegional variability in monthly CryoSat‐2 sea ice thickness is partitioned into contributions from dynamics and thermodynamics using ice deformation calculated from large‐scale ice drift. For five winters (December to April, 2011–2015), over a region of persistent convergence north of the coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, deformation explains ~34% of the overall variance (up to 69% in 2014/2015) in monthly thickness changes. Approximately 42–56% (or ~ 0.6 m) of the seasonal changes in mean regional ice thickness can be attributed to divergence and shear. The estimated area‐averaged growth of 0.12 ± 0.03 m/month compares favorably with measurements from ice mass balance buoys. Examination of the time‐variable thickness distributions shows areas covered by ice < 3 m are reduced, while areas of thicker ice (>3 m) increased. Albeit at fairly coarse resolution, this coupled analysis of thickness changes and deformation offered a first look at the character of the regional thickness redistribution process.
Mapping probabilities of extreme continental water storage changes from space gravimetry
Authors: Kusche J. , Eicker A. , Forootan E. , Springer A. , Longuevergne L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing data from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, we derive statistically robust “hot spot” regions of high probability of peak anomalous—i.e., with respect to the seasonal cycle—water storage (of up to 0.7 m one‐in‐five‐year return level) and flux (up to 0.14 m/month). Analysis of, and comparison with, up to 32 years of ERA‐Interim reanalysis fields reveals generally good agreement of these hot spot regions to GRACE results and that most exceptions are located in the tropics. However, a simulation experiment reveals that differences observed by GRACE are statistically significant, and further error analysis suggests that by around the year 2020, it will be possible to detect temporal changes in the frequency of extreme total fluxes (i.e., combined effects of mainly precipitation and floods) for at least 10–20% of the continental area, assuming that we have a continuation of GRACE by its follow‐up GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) mission.
The 2 March 2016 Wharton Basin Mw 7.8 earthquake: High stress drop north‐south strike‐slip rupture in the diffuse oceanic deformation zone between the Indian and Australian Plates
Authors: Lay Thorne , Ye Lingling , Ammon Charles J. , Dunham Audrey , Koper Keith D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe diffuse deformation zone between the Indian and Australian plates has hosted numerous major and great earthquakes during the seismological record, including the 11 April 2012 Mw 8.6 event, the largest recorded intraplate earthquake. On 2 March 2016, an Mw 7.8 strike‐slip faulting earthquake occurred in the northwestern Wharton Basin, in a region bracketed by north‐south trending fracture zones with no previously recorded large event nearby. Despite the large magnitude, only minor source finiteness is evident in aftershock locations or resolvable from seismic wave processing including high‐frequency P wave backprojections and Love wave directivity analysis. Our analyses indicate that the event ruptured bilaterally on a north‐south trending fault over a length of up to 70 km, with rupture speed of ≤ 2 km/s, and a total duration of ~35 s. The estimated stress drop, ~20 MPa, is high, comparable to estimates for other large events in this broad intraplate oceanic deformation zone.
Peculiar features of the low‐latitude and midlatitude ionospheric response to the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2015
Authors: Nayak Chinmaya , Tsai L.‐C. , Su S.‐Y. , Galkin I. A. , Tan Adrian Teck Keng , Nofri Ed , Jamjareegulgarn Punyawi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe current study aims at investigating and identifying the ionospheric effects of the geomagnetic storm that occurred during 17–19 March 2015. Incidentally, with SYM‐H hitting a minimum of −232 nT, this was the strongest storm of the current solar cycle 24. The study investigates how the storm has affected the equatorial, low‐latitude, and midlatitude ionosphere in the American and the European sectors using available ground‐based ionosonde and GPS TEC (total electron content) data. The possible effects of prompt electric field penetration is observed in both sectors during the main phase of the storm. In the American sector, the coexistence of both positive and negative ionospheric storm phases are observed at low latitudes and midlatitudes to high latitudes, respectively. The positive storm phase is mainly due to the prompt penetration electric fields. The negative storm phase in the midlatitude region is a combined effect of disturbance dynamo electric fields, the equatorward shift of the midlatitude density trough, and the equatorward compression of the plasmapause in combination with chemical compositional changes. Strong negative ionospheric storm phase is observed in both ionosonde and TEC observations during the recovery phase which also shows a strong hemispherical asymmetry. Additionally, the variation of equatorial ionization anomaly as seen through the SWARM constellation plasma measurements across different longitudes has been discussed. We, also, take a look at the performance of the IRI Real‐Time Assimilative Mapping during this storm as an ionospheric space weather tool.
Appraisal of recent theories to understand cyclogenesis pathways of tropical cyclone Madi (2013)
Authors: Rajasree V. P. M. , Kesarkar Amit P. , Bhate Jyoti N. , Umakanth U. , Singh Vikas , Harish Varma T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present study aims to examine the new understanding of cyclogenesis by analyzing the genesis sequence of formation of a very severe cyclonic storm Madi (6–13 December 2013) that occurred over the Bay of Bengal. We have generated a high‐resolution (18 km, 6 km, and 2 km) analysis using three‐dimensional variational data assimilation technique and Weather Research and Forecasting model. The genesis sequence of Madi cyclone is analyzed using the concepts in the marsupial theory and other theories of tropical cyclone formation. Major results are as follows: the developed analysis is found useful for tracking the movement of westward moving parent disturbance from 15 days prior to the genesis; identifying developed pouch region in the Lagrangian frame of reference; understanding the evolution of the pouch and convection within the pouch region and for the study of intensification inside the pouch region. Also, large‐scale priming of environment concurs with the hypotheses of the marsupial theory of tropical cyclogenesis. The analysis of dynamical and thermodynamical processes within the pouch region showed gradual moistening, uplifting of moisture, diabatic heating causing buoyant convection in the vorticity‐rich environment followed by vortex tube stretching, development of convection, heavy precipitation, strengthening of lower level convergence, and hence spin‐up during a day or two preceding the genesis of Madi cyclone. In general, it is concluded that intensification within pouch region during the cyclogenesis phase followed the marsupial paradigm and bottom‐up mechanism.
Solvent mixtures [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014a]
Authors: Krämer W. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2016

The analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of many solvents in solvent mixtures for monitoring their Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) at workplaces. Sampling is performed by drawing air through a charcoal tube using a suitable flow‐regulated pump. For sample preparation the loaded charcoal is desorbed with carbon disulphide. The sample solution is analysed by means of gas chromatography fitted with flame ionisation detectors (FID) using two capillary columns of different polarity connected in parallel with the injector. The quantitative evaluation is based on calibration functions obtained by means of 6‐point calibrations with equidistant values in the lower working range. For internal standard,
n
‐tetradecane is used. The limits of quantification (LOQs) are between 0.02 and 1.3 mg/m
3
for the individual solvent component with an expanded uncertainty between 15 and 17%.
Solvent mixtures [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014b]
Authors: Schneider W. , Breuer D. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2016

The analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of many solvents in solvent mixtures for monitoring their Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) at workplaces. Sampling is performed by drawing air through a charcoal tube using a suitable flow‐regulated pump. For sample preparation the loaded charcoal is desorbed with a ternary mixture consisting of dichloromethane, carbon disulphide and methanol. The sample solution is analysed by means of gas chromatography fitted with flame ionisation detectors (FID) using two capillary columns of different polarity connected in parallel with the injector. The quantitative evaluation is based on calibration functions obtained by means of 10‐point calibrations with equidistant values in the lower working range by one decimal power. For internal standards, 2‐methylheptane and
n
‐undecane are used. The limits of quantification (LOQs) are between 1 and 5 mg/m
3
for the individual solvent component with an expanded uncertainty between 10 and 22%.
Determination of ketones and C
4
– C
5
alcohols in solvent mixtures [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014]
Authors: Krämer W. , Schneider W. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2016

The analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of ketones and C
4
‐C
5
‐alcohols in solvent mixtures for monitoring their Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) at workplaces. Sampling is performed by drawing air through a silica gel tube using a suitable flow‐regulated pump. For sample preparation the loaded silica gel is desorbed with a ternary mixture consisting of dichloromethane, methanol and water. The sample solution is analysed by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The quantitative evaluation is based on calibration functions obtained by means of multiple‐point calibrations using toluene D
8
as internal standard. The limits of quantification (LOQs) are between 0.060 and 0.75 mg/m
3
for the individual ketone or C
4
‐C
5
‐alcohol component with an expanded uncertainty between 16 and 18%.