bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic architecture, biochemical underpinnings and ecological impact of floral UV patterning
Authors: Brock Marcus T. , Lucas Lauren K. , Anderson Nickolas A. , Rubin Matthew J. , Cody Markelz R. J. , Covington Michael F. , Devisetty Upendra K. , Chapple Clint , Maloof Julin N. , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFloral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. In some cases, molecular pathways contributing to floral attraction are well characterized, offering the opportunity to explore loci potentially underlying variation among individuals. Here, we quantify the range of variation in floral UV patterning (i.e. UV ‘bulls‐eye nectar guides) among crop and wild accessions of Brassica rapa. We then use experimental crosses to examine the genetic architecture, candidate loci and biochemical underpinnings of this patterning as well as phenotypic manipulations to test the ecological impact. We find qualitative variation in UV patterning between wild (commonly lacking UV patterns) and crop (commonly exhibiting UV patterns) accessions. Similar to the majority of crops, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an oilseed crop × WI fast‐plant® cross exhibit UV patterns, the size of which varies extensively among genotypes. In RILs, we further observe strong statistical‐genetic and QTL correlations within petal morphological traits and within measurements of petal UV patterning; however, correlations between morphology and UV patterning are weak or nonsignificant, suggesting that UV patterning is regulated and may evolve independently of overall petal size. HPLC analyses reveal a high concentration of sinapoyl glucose in UV‐absorbing petal regions, which, in concert with physical locations of UV‐trait QTLs, suggest a regulatory and structural gene as candidates underlying observed quantitative variation. Finally, insects prefer flowers with UV bulls‐eye patterns over those that lack patterns, validating the importance of UV patterning in pollen‐limited populations of B. rapa.
Clinical Phenotype and Microvascular Dynamics of Subjects with Endothelial Dysfunction as Assessed by Peripheral Tonometry
Authors: Venturi Elena , Pinnola Silvia , Morizzo Carmela , Boldrini Beatrice , Rossi Monica , Trifirò Silvia , Tricò Domenico , Natali Andrea ,   the SUMMIT study group
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the characteristics and the determinants of ED, as measured by PAT.MethodsWe measured basal and post‐ischemic digital pulse amplitude (EndoPAT®) in a mixed outpatient population of 206 diabetic and 101 non‐diabetic subjects, of whom 50% with clinically manifest CVD, undergoing to an extensive clinical, biochemical, and vascular phenotype characterization.ResultsThe major characteristics of ED (tertile 1 vs 3), in addition to lower post‐ischemic vasodilatory reserve (34 vs 203%), were a 3‐fold higher baseline pulse amplitude and a delayed (60 second) peak response. The main determinant of this response was the baseline pulse amplitude (Stβ = −0.59), which in turn was influenced by age (Stβ = 0.13), central obesity (Stβ = 0.27) and inversely by HDL cholesterol (Stβ = −0.17), and systolic blood pressure (Stβ = −0.19). No association was observed with cardiovascular risk factors, previous cardiovascular event or extent of atherosclerosis (ABI and IMT, PWV). Most of the variability in baseline pulse amplitude remained unexplained (r2 = 0.14).ConclusionsED, as detected by PAT in a population enriched with subjects at risk for CVD neither reflects the burden of classical risk factors (under treatment) nor the severity of atherosclerosis. Aside from central obesity and HDL cholesterol, most of the factors responsible for this ED remain unknown.
Factors associated with the caregiver burden among family caregivers of patients with heart failure in southwest China
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Dolansky Mary A. , Hu Xiuying , Zhang Fengying , Qu Moying 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigated the status of caregiver burden and identified the factors related to caregiver burden among family caregivers of patients with heart failure in southwest China. A cross‐sectional descriptive design with a convenience sample was adopted. Patient and family caregiver dyads (n = 226) in four hospitals in Chengdu, China were recruited from June 2013 to July 2014. The instruments used in this study included the Social Support Rating Scale, the Zarit Burden Interview, and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the factors associated with caregiver burden. Forty‐four percent of the variance of the caregiver burden was explained by the payment type for treatment, monthly family income, relationship to the patient, caregivers' self‐efficacy, and social support. The caregiver burden in southwest China was higher than studies conducted in developed areas. Specific to southwest China, the financial burden and insufficient resources are the main factors associated with caregiver burden. The results suggest that self‐efficacy and social support in underdeveloped areas are potential areas for future intervention.
Genome‐wide transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of bollworm‐infested developing cotton bolls revealed the genes and pathways involved in the insect pest defence mechanism
Authors: Kumar Saravanan , Kanakachari Mogilicherla , Gurusamy Dhandapani , Kumar Krishan , Narayanasamy Prabhakaran , Kethireddy Venkata Padmalatha , Solanke Amolkumar , Gamanagatti Savita , Hiremath Vamadevaiah , Katageri Ishwarappa S. , Leelavathi Sadhu , Kumar Polumetla Ananda , Reddy Vanga Siva 
Published: January 2016

SummaryCotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a major insect pest that feeds on cotton bolls causing extensive damage leading to crop and productivity loss. In spite of such a major impact, cotton plant response to bollworm infection is yet to be witnessed. In this context, we have studied the genome‐wide response of cotton bolls infested with bollworm using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Further, we have validated this data using semi‐quantitative real‐time PCR. Comparative analyses have revealed that 39% of the transcriptome and 35% of the proteome were differentially regulated during bollworm infestation. Around 36% of significantly regulated transcripts and 45% of differentially expressed proteins were found to be involved in signalling followed by redox regulation. Further analysis showed that defence‐related stress hormones and their lipid precursors, transcription factors, signalling molecules, etc. were stimulated, whereas the growth‐related counterparts were suppressed during bollworm infestation. Around 26% of the significantly up‐regulated proteins were defence molecules, while >50% of the significantly down‐regulated were related to photosynthesis and growth. Interestingly, the biosynthesis genes for synergistically regulated jasmonate, ethylene and suppressors of the antagonistic factor salicylate were found to be up‐regulated, suggesting a choice among stress‐responsive phytohormone regulation. Manual curation of the enzymes and TFs highlighted the components of retrograde signalling pathways. Our data suggest that a selective regulatory mechanism directs the reallocation of metabolic resources favouring defence over growth under bollworm infestation and these insights could be exploited to develop bollworm‐resistant cotton varieties.
New insights into reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling under low oxygen in plants
Authors: Pucciariello Chiara , Perata Pierdomenico 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPlants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to low oxygen (O2). Much experimental evidence has demonstrated the existence of an oxidative burst when there is an O2shortage. This originates at various subcellular sites. The activation of NADPH oxidase(s), in complex with other proteins, is responsible for ROS production at the plasma membrane. Another source of low O2‐dependent ROS is the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which misfunctions when low O2limits its activity. Arabidopsis mutants impaired in proteins playing a role in ROS production display an intolerant phenotype to anoxia and submergence, suggesting a role in acclimation to stress. In rice, the presence of thesubmergence 1A(SUB1A) gene for submergence tolerance is associated with a higher capacity to scavenge ROS. Additionally, the destabilization of group VII ethylene responsive factors, which are involved in the direct O2sensing mechanism, requires nitric oxide (NO). All this evidence suggests the existence of a ROS and NO – low O2mechanism interplay which likely includes sensing, anaerobic metabolism and acclimation to stress. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on this topic, formulating hypotheses on the basis of the latest advances.
Integrated Modelling of Age and Sex Patterns of European Migration
Authors: Wiśniowski Arkadiusz , Forster Jonathan J. , Smith Peter W. F. , Bijak Jakub , Raymer James 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAge and sex patterns of migration are essential for understanding drivers of population change and heterogeneity of migrant groups. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate such patterns for international migration in the European Union and European Free Trade Association from 2002 to 2008, which was a period of time when the number of members expanded from 19 to 31 countries. Our model corrects for the inadequacies and inconsistencies in the available data and estimates the missing patterns. The posterior distributions of the age and sex profiles are then combined with a matrix of origin–destination flows, resulting in a synthetic database with measures of uncertainty for migration flows and other model parameters.
Man's Heaviest Burden: A Review of Contemporary Paradigms and New Directions for Understanding and Preventing Masculine Aggression
Authors: Berke Danielle S. , Zeichner Amos 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGiven evidence that men's and women's aggression meaningfully differ in terms of motivations, methods, and consequences, behavior scientists increasingly recognize the importance of integrating gender socialization and masculine‐relevant processes into models for understanding and preventing men's violence. As such, the Gender Role Strain Paradigm, a contemporary framework for conceptualizing the psychological and physical problems common to men, has been widely utilized in aggression research. However, translation of this paradigm into effective violence prevention and intervention efforts remains stalled by controversy over measurement and methodology. After a brief review of the Gender Role Strain Paradigm and its contributions to aggression research, the current paper details recent methodological advancements in the measurement of masculine discrepancy stress/strain, a form of distress arising from perceived failures to conform to socially‐prescribed masculine gender role norms. The validity of masculine discrepancy stress is described in terms of its predictive utility and its ability to address longstanding critiques of the Gender Role Strain Paradigm. Finally, masculine discrepancy stress is discussed in terms of its violence prevention and intervention implications.
The Ethics of Belief, Cognition, and Climate Change Pseudoskepticism: Implications for Public Discourse
Authors: Torcello Lawrence 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe relationship between knowledge, belief, and ethics is an inaugural theme in philosophy; more recently, under the title “ethics of belief” philosophers have worked to develop the appropriate methodology for studying the nexus of epistemology, ethics, and psychology. The title “ethics of belief” comes from a 19th‐century paper written by British philosopher and mathematician W.K. Clifford. Clifford argues that we are morally responsible for our beliefs because (a) each belief that we form creates the cognitive circumstances for related beliefs to follow, and (b) we inevitably influence each other through those beliefs. This study argues that recent cognitive research supports Cliffordian insights regarding patterns of belief formation and social influence. From the confirmation offered by such research, it follows that informational accuracy holds serious ethical significance in public discourse. Although scientific and epistemological matters are not always thought to be linked to normative morality, this study builds on Clifford's initial insights to show their linkage is fundamental to inquiry itself. In turn, Clifford's ethical and epistemic outline can inform a framework grounded in “public reason” under which seemingly opposed science communication strategies (e.g., “information deficit” and “cultural cognition” models) are philosophically united. With public discourse on climate change as the key example, empirically informed and grounded strategies for science communication in the public sphere are considered.
Goblet cell density and distribution in cats with clinically and histologically normal conjunctiva
Authors: Sebbag Lionel , Reilly Christopher M. , Eid Ramzi , Maggs David J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate goblet cell density (GCD) and distribution in cats without clinical evidence of ocular surface disease and without histologic evidence of conjunctival disease.Animals studiedFourteen Domestic Shorthair cats euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study.ProceduresBefore euthanasia, cats were verified using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and fluorescein staining to be free of eyelid or ocular surface abnormalities. Immediately after euthanasia, bilateral conjunctival specimens including third eyelid (TEL) were collected, routinely processed, and stained with periodic acid–Schiff and hematoxylin and eosin. Thirteen conjunctival regions were identified. For each region,GCDwas expressed as the percentage of goblet cells/200 basal epithelial cells.ResultsMeanGCDranged widely by region: anterior surface of theTEL= 48.8%, fornicial regions = 47.0%, palpebral regions = 38.5%, bulbar regions = 19.6%, and posterior surface of theTEL= 12.6%. The anterior surface of theTELhad significantly higherGCDthan did the bulbar and the palpebral regions, but not the fornicial regions. Bulbar conjunctiva had significantly lowerGCDthan did all other conjunctival regions except the posterior surface of theTEL. No significant difference was noted betweenGCDof male versus female cats, dorsal versus ventral regions, or lateral versus medial regions.ConclusionsAlthough conjunctivalGCDranged widely by region, the anterior surface of theTELappears to be an excellent location for assessing conjunctival goblet cells in cats because this area has highGCDand is more readily accessible than is the palpebral, fornicial, or bulbar conjunctiva.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Sleep and the Association With Inflammatory Markers and Adiponectin in 8- to 11-Year-Old Danish Children
Authors: Nielsen Mette S. , Quist Jonas S. , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Dalskov Stine-Mathilde , Damsgaard Camilla T. , Ritz Christian , Astrup Arne , Michaelsen Kim F. , Sjödin Anders , Hjorth Mads F. 
Published: January 2016

Background:Inflammatory markers, adiponectin, and movement/nonmovement behaviors have all been linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, the association between childhood movement/nonmovement behaviors and inflammatory markers and adiponectin is unknown.Methods:We explored the association between accelerometer determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and sleep (7 days/8 nights) and fasting C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin in 806 school children. A sleep variability score was calculated.Results:MVPA was negatively associated with adiponectin in boys and girls (P < .001) and with CRP and IL-6 in girls (P < .05) independent of sleep duration, sedentary time, age, fat mass index (FMI), and pubertal status. Sedentary time was positively associated with adiponectin in boys and girls (both P < .001), and sleep duration with adiponectin in boys independent of age, FMI, and pubertal status (P < .001); however, these associations disappeared after mutual adjustments for movement behavior. Sleep duration variability was positively associated with CRP in girls independent of all covariates (P < .01).Conclusion:MVPA remained negatively associated with inflammatory markers and adiponectin, and sleep duration variability positively associated with CRP after adjustment for FMI, pubertal status, and other movement behavior. The inverse association between MVPA and adiponectin conflicts with the anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin.
Psychosocial Mediators of the Fitness–Depression Relationship Within Adolescents
Authors: Sheinbein Shelly T. , Petrie Trent A. , Martin Scott , Greenleaf Christy A. 
Published: January 2016

Background:A lot of evidence showed that boys and girls are at high risk of developing major or minor depression in adolescence. Increases in physical fitness have been associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, yet the mechanisms that underlie (or mediate) this relationship have not been thoroughly examined.Methods:528 boys (mean age = 12.33 years) and 507 girls (mean age = 12.32 years) drawn from a suburban school district participated. Self-report measures were used to assess the mediators (body satisfaction and social physique anxiety) and the outcome (depression); the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) in conjunction with age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sex were used to determine an objective estimate of cardiorespiratory fitness. Path analyses were used to test the proposed models.Results:The effects of fitness on depressive symptoms were mediated through body satisfaction and social physique anxiety; 25% to 35% of the depression variance was explained.Conclusion:Boys’ and girls’ depression scores were based on the extent that their fitness levels improved their body satisfaction and lowered their social physique anxiety; body satisfaction was particularly important for girls. Thus, early adolescents’ psychological well-being may be enhanced through improvements in aerobic functioning.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Individuals With Psoriasis in the General Population
Authors: Wilson Patrick B. 
Published: January 2016

Background:Psoriasis confers risk for cardiometabolic disorders. Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with risk of cardiometabolic disorders in other populations, but limited data have been published assessing cardiorespiratory fitness among individuals with psoriasis. This investigation aimed to: 1) assess cardiorespiratory fitness among individuals with psoriasis in the general population; and 2) compare levels to individuals without psoriasis.Methods:A secondary data analysis from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey was performed. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with a treadmill test, while measures of psoriasis severity included rating of psoriasis as a life problem and body surface area involvement.Results:Twenty-six of 1093 participants reported a psoriasis diagnosis (population weighted prevalence 2.9%). Individuals with psoriasis had lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared with individuals without psoriasis (36.2 vs. 39.1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, P = .009). No differences in self-reported or accelerometer physical activity were found by psoriasis diagnosis. Cardiorespiratory fitness was not significantly lower in those reporting high life impairment or body surface area involvement.Conclusions:Cardiorespiratory fitness may be lower in individuals with psoriasis and these differences may not be explained by self-reported disease severity measures or physical activity. Future studies should examine whether validated measures of psoriasis severity predict lower cardiorespiratory fitness.
Physical Activity States of Preschool-Aged Latino Children in Farmworker Families: Predictive Factors and Relationship With BMI Percentile
Authors: Ip Edward H. , Saldana Santiago , Trejo Grisel , Marshall Sarah A. , Suerken Cynthia K. , Lang Wei , Arcury Thomas A. , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: January 2016

Background:Obesity disproportionately affects children of Latino farmworkers. Further research is needed to identify patterns of physical activity (PA) in this group and understand how PA affects Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile.Methods:Two hundred and forty-four participants ages 2.5 to 3.5 in the Niños Sanos longitudinal study wore accelerometers that measured daily PA. Several PA-related parameters formed a profile for conducting hidden Markov modeling (HMM), which identified different states of PA.Results:Latino farmworker children were generally sedentary. Two different states were selected using HMM—less active and more active. In the more active state; members spent more minutes in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Most children were in the less active state at any given time; however, switching between states occurred commonly. One variable—mother’s concern regarding lack of PA—was a marginally significant predictor of membership in the more active state. State did not predict BMI or weight percentile after adjusting for caloric intake.Conclusion:Most children demonstrated high amounts of sedentary behavior, and rates of MVPA fell far below recommended levels for both states. The lack of statistically significant results for risk factors and PA state on weight-related outcomes is likely due to the homogeneous behaviors of the children.
The Impact of Mandatory Helmet-Use Legislation on the Frequency of Cycling to School and Helmet Use Among Adolescents
Authors: Molina-García Javier , Queralt Ana 
Published: January 2016

Background:This paper analyzes changes in the frequency of cycling to school and helmet wearing after the introduction of a mandatory helmet law, and attempts to identify factors associated with the acceptance of helmet use.Methods:A mixed-method study was designed with a 7-month follow-up period (April 2014 to November 2014). The initial sample included 262 students (aged 12 to 16 years) from Valencia, Spain. The data were collected by questionnaire and 2 focus-group interviews were conducted.Results:No significant changes in cyclingto-school behavior were found during the study period. Cycle helmet use improved, especially among boys, those who used their own bike, and among adolescents who lived within 2 km of school (P < .05 in all cases). The most common reasons given for not using a helmet were social factors. Peer-group pressure had a negative influence on helmet use among adolescents. Participants also indicated that helmet use is inconvenient, in particular among students who used the public bicycle-sharing program.Conclusions:The implementation of the helmet-use law did not have a negative impact on the frequency of cycling to school. Our findings provide an empirical basis for designing educational interventions and programs to increase helmet use among adolescents.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lysinibacillus sphaericus B1-CDA, a Bacterium That Accumulates Arsenic
Authors: Rahman Aminur , Nahar Noor , Jass Jana , Olsson Björn , Mandal Abul 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genomic sequence and genetic composition of an arsenic-resistant bacterium,
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
B1-CDA. Assembly of the sequencing reads revealed that the genome size is ~4.5 Mb, encompassing ~80% of the chromosomal DNA.