bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of GATA3 in the differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Authors: Perrino Carmen M , Ho Alex , Dall Christopher P , Zynger Debra L 
Published: April 2017

AimsGATA3 is a relatively new immunohistochemical marker which shows consistent nuclear expression in a variety of tumours, including breast and urothelial carcinoma. The staining pattern of GATA3 in adrenal lesions is not well established. We aim to describe the expression of GATA3 in adrenal tumours and determine if there is differential staining between pheochromocytoma and adrenal cortical carcinoma.Methods and resultsA retrospective search was performed to identify 74 adrenal lesions which were tested immunohistochemically for GATA3 expression. GATA3 was negative in 90% of adrenal cortical carcinoma. In contrast, pheochromocytomas were frequently positive (71%), including benign pheochromocytoma, pheochromocytoma with features concerning for malignancy, malignant (metastatic) pheochromocytoma and composite pheochromocytoma with ganglioneuroma. Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in the adrenal gland had occasional (36%) expression, while metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in the adrenal gland did not express GATA3.ConclusionAs the most common pitfall in diagnosing adrenal cortical carcinoma is mistaking it for pheochromocytoma or vice versa, GATA3 may be useful in narrowing the differential diagnosis as a part of a panel of immunohistochemical markers. However, occasional GATA3 expression in the most common source of metastases within the adrenal gland, metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma, may confound the diagnosis due to the overlapping expression with pheochromocytoma and other carcinomas.
Effects of washing and membrane removal pretreatments on the antioxidant properties of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) protein hydrolysates produced by in vitro digestion
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Jiang Qixing , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe effects of washing and membrane removal pretreatments on the antioxidant properties of grass carp protein hydrolysates prepared through in vitro digestion were investigated. Furthermore, antioxidant hydrolysate was fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes (10, 5, 3 and 1 kDa). Oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC), DPPH and ABTS‐scavenging activity in a gastrointestinal digest produced from pretreated minced grass carp was increased 1.74‐fold, 1.08‐fold and 1.72‐fold, respectively, compared to untreated minced carp. Compared to the alkaline protease hydrolysate, ORAC, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ABTS‐ and DPPH‐scavenging activity in a gastrointestinal digest prepared from pretreated minced carp were reduced by 11.5%, 60.9%, 16.3% and 78.4%, respectively. The ultrafiltration fraction (<1 kDa) displayed the highest antioxidant activity. The size of molecular weight and the amount of hydrophobic and aromatic residues in hydrolysates played an important role in antioxidant activity. Low‐molecular‐weight fish hydrolysates could serve as a potential source of functional ingredients for promoting health.
Polymorphisms in the promoter region of iNOS predispose to rheumatoid arthritis in south Indian Tamils
Authors: Negi V. S. , Mariaselvam C. M. , Misra D. P. , Muralidharan N. , Fortier C. , Charron D. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Tamouza R. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryNitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyses the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L‐Arginine, which participates in diverse biological processes including inflammation and apoptosis. Macrophages, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express inducible NOS (iNOS) at the site of synovial inflammation. NO produced at the inflamed joint may contribute to peri‐articular bone loss, mediate apoptosis and regulate Th1/Th2 balance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Variations in the promoter region of NOS gene regulate the nitric oxide synthase expression and iNOS (NOS2) polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disorders. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the possible contributions of NOS2 ‐1659G/A, ‐1026C/A, ‐277A/G promoter polymorphisms towards development of RA in South Indian Tamils. A total of 242 (219 females, 23 males) patients with RA (mean age 41.2 ± 10.9 years, disease duration 8.5 ± 4.3 years) and 279 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals of South Indian Tamil ethnicity were genotyped for NOS2 ‐1659C/T, ‐1026G/T and ‐277A/G promoter polymorphisms by TaqMan chemistry. Nature of disease (erosive or nonerosive), the presence of extra‐articular manifestations, seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated peptide, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level and response to therapy were assessed for all patients. The three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of GG genotype and G allele of NOS2‐277 was higher in patients (pc = 5.7 × 10−9, OR = 6.09, 95% CI = 3.09–12.8 and pc = 4 × 10−13, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 2.06–3.62, respectively) compared to controls. Similarly, the frequency of NOS2‐1026 (rs2779249) GT genotype and the T allele was higher in patients with RA (pc = .01, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.09–2.36, and pc = .04, OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.02–1.91, respectively). However, no significant difference in frequency of NOS2‐1659C/T polymorphism was observed between patients and controls. None of the studied SNPs were associated with erosive disease, seropositivity or extra‐articular manifestations. The ‐277A/G and ‐1026 G/T promoter polymorphisms in iNOS may confer susceptibility to RA in South Indian Tamils.
Emotional labour in mental health nursing: An integrative systematic review
Authors: Edward Karen‐leigh , Hercelinskyj Gylo , Giandinoto Jo‐Ann 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEmotional labour is the effort consumed by suppressing one's own emotions to care for others effectively while also caring for oneself. Mental health nurses are required to engage in effective therapeutic interactions in emotionally‐intense situations. The aim of the present integrative systematic review was to investigate the emotional labour of mental health work and how this manifested, the impacts, and the ways to mitigate these impacts. In June 2016, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses methodology, a systematic search of the bibliographic databases was undertaken to identify relevant literature. Screening, data extraction, and synthesis were performed by three reviewers. The inclusion criteria included any original research that investigated the emotional work of mental health nurses. We identified a total of 20 papers to be included in this review. Thematic synthesis of the findings revealed three emergent themes: emotional labour and caring, emotional exhaustion, and self‐protection (expressed as emotional intelligence). Emotional labour, emotional exhaustion, and emotional intelligence were considered to be intrinsically linked, where they were both the influencing factor for burnout and a contributor to attrition. The results highlighted that emotional labour could inspire the development and personal growth of emotional intelligence in mental health nurses. In light of these findings, recommendations for clinical practice were considered; they included supportive work environments, involving nurses in shared decision‐making, and the provision of ongoing professional development opportunities that facilitate the development of emotional intelligence and resilience.
The Murky Tale of Flint's Deceptive Water Data
Authors: Langkjær-Bain Robert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
When children in Flint, Michigan showed signs of lead poisoning, residents rightly suspected their tap water was to blame. Authorities denied the fact for months, but the official water test data was misleading – so citizens fought back with statistics of their own. By Robert Langkjær-Bain
The charge state of titanium ions in Pd‐doped Ti:CMAS glass and glass‐ceramics
Authors: Golovchak Roman , Davis Mark J. , Vullo Paula , Astashkin Andrei , Nichols Laura , Ingram Adam , Jain Himanshu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have investigated the role of charge state of Ti in the electronic properties and structure of electrically conductive CMAS‐TiO2‐Pd glass and glass‐ceramics by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. These studies suggest the concentration of Ti3+ ions was, at most, ~0.1 wt% in glass‐ceramics devitrified in the reducing atmosphere of forming gas; no other glass or glass‐ceramic samples exhibited measurable levels of Ti3+. The observed fluorescence at liquid nitrogen temperature in parent glasses and glass‐ceramics obtained in air is explained by UV‐induced charge‐transfer processes involving Ti4+ ions and oxygen surroundings. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data are correlated with rutile, anorthite, diopside, and titanite crystalline phases identified in Pd‐free and Pd‐doped Ti:CMAS glass‐ceramics earlier.
Phase equilibria study and thermodynamic description of the BaO‐CaO‐Al2O3 system
Authors: Zhang Rui , Mao Huahai , Taskinen Pekka 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA combined experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment was performed for the BaO‐CaO‐Al2O3 system. By using a high‐temperature equilibration/quenching technique and scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X‐ray powder diffraction analysis, the phase equilibria at 1500°C and phase stability of BaCa2Al8O15 phase were determined. An extensive literature survey was conducted for the experimental and thermodynamic modeling data of the BaO‐CaO‐Al2O3 system. According to the literature data and the present measurements, a thermodynamic assessment was made in order to obtain a set of self‐consistent thermodynamic parameters to describe the BaO‐CaO‐Al2O3 system. Based on the thermodynamic parameters acquired in this work, isothermal sections at 1100°C, 1250°C, 1400°C, 1475°C, and 1500°C and the BaO·Al2O3‐CaO·Al2O3 and BaO·6Al2O3‐CaO·6Al2O3 joints were calculated and compared with the available experimental data.
Magneto‐optical effects of Ge‐Ga‐Sb(In)‐S chalcogenide glasses with diamagnetic responses
Authors: Chen Gang , Xu Yantao , Guo Haitao , Cui Xiaoxia , Wang Pengfei , Lu Min , Xiao Xusheng , Guo Quan , Peng Bo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Faraday effects of Ge‐Ga‐Sb(In)‐S serial chalcogenide glasses were investigated at the wavelengths of 635, 808, 980, and 1319 nm, respectively. The compositional dependences were analyzed and associated influencing factors including the absorption edge, the concentration of Sb3+/In3+ ions, and the wavelength dispersion of refraction index were discussed. 80GeS2·20Sb2S3 composition glass was found to have the largest Verdet constant (V=0.253, 0.219, 0.149, and 0.065 min·G−1·cm−1 for wavelengths 635, 808, 980, and 1319 nm, respectively) in these glasses, which is larger than that of commercial diamagnetic glasses (Schott, SF 6, V=0.069 min·G−1·cm−1@633 nm, for example). Sb3+ ions with high polarizability possessing s2‐sp electron jumps involving 1S0→1P1, 3P0,1,2 transitions are responsible for large Verdet constant, and Becquerel rule is proved to be an effective guidance for estimating the Verdet constant and further optimizing the compositions in chalcogenide glasses.
Processing and characterization of TiB2‐TiNiFeCrCoAl high‐entropy alloy composite
Authors: Fu Zhezhen , Koc Rasit 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of TiB2‐TiNiFeCrCoAl high‐entropy alloy (HEA) composites with HEA contents of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% were fabricated to a relative density of above 95% without applied external pressure at 1550°C in flowing argon. Research indicates (i) the formation of liquid HEA is promoted with the assistance of an optimized ball mill process, which facilitates the sintering through a liquid phase sintering mechanism, and (ii) HEA can react with the oxide impurities in TiB2 and can consequently enhance the densification. Continual observations on microstructures and properties indicate that the sintered composites have a submicronmeter grain size of 0.90±0.11, 0.79±0.09, and 0.74±0.07 μm; a high hardness of 23.3±0.9, 21.6±1.0, and 17.5±1.2 GPa; and a high indentation fracture toughness of 8.7±0.4, 11.1±0.6, and 12.8±0.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively, for samples with 5, 10, and 20 wt.% HEA. The addition of HEA to TiB2 can significantly enhance the densification, results in fine microstructures, and improve the mechanical performance.
Fabrication and oxidation behavior of Al4SiC4 powders
Authors: Chen JunHong , Zhang ZhiHao , Mi WenJun , Wang EnHui , Li Bin , Chou Kuo‐Chih , Hou XinMei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAl4SiC4 powders with high purity were synthesized by heating the powder mixture of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) at 1800°C in argon. The microstructure is characterized as platelike single grain. Both the nonisothermal and isothermal oxidation behavior of Al4SiC4 was investigated at 800°C‐1500°C in air by means of thermogravimetry method. It is demonstrated that Al4SiC4 powder possesses good oxidation resistance up to 1200°C and is almost completely oxidized at 1400°C. At 800°C‐1100°C, the oxide scales consist of an Al2O3 outer layer and a transition layer. Al4SiC4 remains the main phase. At 1200°C, some spallation resulting from the increment of Al2O3 and the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between different product layers can be observed. Above 1300°C, the oxide layer is composed of two part, i.e., large‐scale Al2O3 crystals (outer layer) and mullite with less amount of SiO2 (inner layer). The oxidation behavior changes due to the different oxide products. For the reaction kinetics, a new kind of real physical picture model is adopted and obtains a good agreement with the experimental data. The apparent activation energy is calculated to be 176.9 kJ/mol (800°C‐1100°C) and 267.1 kJ/mol (1300°C‐1400°C).
The effect of Fe2+ state in electrical property variations of Sn‐doped hematite powders
Authors: Song Sehwan , Kim Jiwoong , Lee Dooyong , Lee Jisung , Min Taewon , Chae Jong‐Ah , Bae Jong‐Seong , Lee Jaekwang , Lee Jeong‐Soo , Park Sungkyun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe structural, electrical, and chemical properties of Sn‐doped Fe2O3 powders were investigated. Various quantities of Sn‐doped Fe2O3 powders were synthesized using solid‐state reactions. Rietveld analysis for the powders that were doped below 2% revealed a phase‐pure Sn‐doped Fe2O3 structure (i.e., identical to Fe2O3 structure). Alternatively, the analysis for the powders that were doped more than 3% exhibited secondary phase. The unit cell volume and electrical conductivity of the phase‐pure samples increased with an increase in the doping concentration. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed an increased Fe2+ state with the increase in Sn doping concentration. Therefore, the improved electrical conductivity and unit cell volume with the increase in doping concentration of the phase‐pure powders might be related to the increased Fe2+ state.
Service user engagement: A co‐created interview schedule exploring mental health recovery in young adults
Authors: McCauley Claire‐Odile , McKenna Hugh , Keeney Sinead , McLaughlin Derek 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to co‐create of an interview schedule exploring mental health recovery in collaboration with young adult service users.BackgroundService user involvement in research has been increasingly recognized as providing a vital authentic insight into mental health recovery. Engagement and collaboration with service users have facilitated the exploration of inaccessible or under‐investigated aspects of the lived experience of mental health recovery, not only directing the trajectory of research, but making it relevant to their own contextual experience.DesignA qualitative content analysis framework was employed in the co‐creation of a semi‐structured interview schedule through an engagement process with service users.MethodsTwo separate engagement groups took place at the premises of the service user organizations, between January ‐ February 2014. Miles and Huberman's analysis framework was chosen for this phase as it enabled the visual presentation of factors, concepts or variables and the established relationship between them.ResultsThe lived experience of mental ill health in young adulthood and how this was understood by others was a particularly relevant theme for participants. Further themes were identified between the impact of painful experiences at this developmental life stage leading to a deeper understanding of others through finding meaning in their own mental health recovery journey.ConclusionOur findings identified that suffering painful experiences is an integral aspect in the process of mental health recovery. This understanding has particular relevance to mental health nursing practice, ensuring the care delivered is cognizant of the suffering or painful experiences that young adults are encountering.
The CDS market reaction to restatement announcements
Authors: Du Lijing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractI investigate the credit market's reaction to restatement announcements through changes in credit default swap (CDS) spreads. I document an overall positive association between CDS returns and restatement announcements. Specifically, I find that more positive CDS returns are associated with restatements (1) involving fraud and (2) affecting more accounts. Moreover, these reactions are sensitive to the underlying entities’ credit ratings and the market‐wide investor sentiment. Next, I compare CDS and stock market reactions and find that more negative stock returns are associated with restatements (1) involving fraud and (2) decreasing reported income.
Autophagy controls the pathogenicity of OPA1 mutations in dominant optic atrophy
Authors: Kane Mariame Selma , Alban Jennifer , Desquiret‐Dumas Valérie , Gueguen Naïg , Ishak Layal , Ferre Marc , Amati‐Bonneau Patrizia , Procaccio Vincent , Bonneau Dominique , Lenaers Guy , Reynier Pascal , Chevrollier Arnaud 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOptic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) gene mutations cause diseases ranging from isolated dominant optic atrophy (DOA) to various multisystemic disorders. OPA1, a large GTPase belonging to the dynamin family, is involved in mitochondrial network dynamics. The majority of OPA1 mutations encodes truncated forms of the protein and causes DOA through haploinsufficiency, whereas missense OPA1 mutations are predicted to cause disease through deleterious dominant‐negative mechanisms. We used 3D imaging and biochemical analysis to explore autophagy and mitophagy in fibroblasts from seven patients harbouring OPA1 mutations. We report new genotype–phenotype correlations between various types of OPA1 mutation and mitophagy. Fibroblasts bearing dominant‐negative OPA1 mutations showed increased autophagy and mitophagy in response to uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, OPA1 haploinsufficiency was correlated with a substantial reduction in mitochondrial turnover and autophagy, unless subjected to experimental mitochondrial injury. Our results indicate distinct alterations of mitochondrial physiology and turnover in cells with OPA1 mutations, suggesting that the level and profile of OPA1 may regulate the rate of mitophagy.
Therapeutic effects of hydrogen on chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Qian Liren , Liu Xiaopeng , Shen Jianliang , Zhao Defeng , Yin Wenjie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is rising recent years, which has been the leading cause of non‐transplantation mortality post allogenetic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Imbalance of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of cGVHD. Recent studies showed that molecular hydrogen has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐fibrosis effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that molecular hydrogen may have therapeutic effects on cGVHD. To determine whether hydrogen could protect mice from cGVHD in an MHC‐incompatible murine bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model, survival rates of mice were calculated, and skin lesions were also evaluated after BMT. This article demonstrated that administration of hydrogen‐rich saline increased survival rate of cGVHD mice. Administration of hydrogen‐rich saline after transplantation also reduced skin lesions of cGVHD mice. Previously, we reported the therapeutic effects of hydrogen on acute GVHD. However, there was no report on the therapeutic effects of hydrogen on cGVHD mice. It is suggested that hydrogen has a potential as an effective and safe therapeutic agent on cGVHD. This study will provide new ideas on the treatment of cGVHD and has important theoretical values.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and beyond: an overview of rodent stress models
Authors: Schöner Johanna , Heinz Andreas , Endres Matthias , Gertz Karen , Kronenberg Golo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder of high prevalence and major socioeconomic impact. Patients suffering from PTSD typically present intrusion and avoidance symptoms and alterations in arousal, mood and cognition that last for more than 1 month. Animal models are an indispensable tool to investigate underlying pathophysiological pathways and, in particular, the complex interplay of neuroendocrine, genetic and environmental factors that may be responsible for PTSD induction. Since the 1960s, numerous stress paradigms in rodents have been developed, based largely on Seligman's seminal formulation of ‘learned helplessness’ in canines. Rodent stress models make use of physiological or psychological stressors such as foot shock, underwater trauma, social defeat, early life stress or predator‐based stress. Apart from the brief exposure to an acute stressor, chronic stress models combining a succession of different stressors for a period of several weeks have also been developed. Chronic stress models in rats and mice may elicit characteristic PTSD‐like symptoms alongside, more broadly, depressive‐like behaviours. In this review, the major existing rodent models of PTSD are reviewed in terms of validity, advantages and limitations; moreover, significant results and implications for future research—such as the role of FKBP5, a mediator of the glucocorticoid stress response and promising target for therapeutic interventions—are discussed.