bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of DNA methylation in zebrafish embryos activates retrotransposons to trigger antiviral signaling
Authors: Chernyavskaya Yelena , Mudbhary Raksha , Zhang Chi , Tokarz Debra , Jacob Vinitha , Gopinath Smita , Sun Xiaochen , Wang Shuang , Magnani Elena , Madakashira Bhavani P. , Yoder Jeffrey A. , Hoshida Yujin , Sadler Kirsten C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Complex cytoplasmic nucleotide-sensing mechanisms can recognize foreign DNA based on a lack of methylation and initiate an immune response to clear the infection. Zebrafish embryos with global DNA hypomethylation caused by mutations in the ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (uhrf1) or DNA methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1) genes exhibit a robust interferon induction characteristic of the first line of defense against viral infection. We found that this interferon induction occurred in non-immune cells and examined whether intracellular viral sensing pathways in these cells were the trigger. RNA-seq analysis of uhrf1 and dnmt1 mutants revealed widespread induction of Class I retrotransposons and activation of cytoplasmic DNA viral sensors. Attenuating Sting, phosphorylated Tbk1 and, importantly, blocking reverse transcriptase activity suppressed the expression of interferon genes in uhrf1 mutants. Thus, activation of transposons in cells with global DNA hypomethylation mimics a viral infection by activating cytoplasmic DNA sensors. This suggests that antiviral pathways serve as surveillance of cells that have derepressed intragenomic parasites due to DNA hypomethylation.
Diagnostic Performance of High Sensitivity Compared with Contemporary Cardiac Troponin I for the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sandoval Yader , Smith Stephen W , Thordsen Sarah E , Bruen Charles A , Carlson Michelle D , Dodd Kenneth W , Driver Brian E , Jacoby Katherine , Johnson Benjamin K , Love Sara A , Moore Johanna C , Sexter Anne , Schulz Karen , Scott Nathaniel L , Nicholson Jennifer , Apple Fred S 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We examined the diagnostic performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) vs contemporary cTnI with use of the 99th percentile alone and with a normal electrocardiogram (ECG) to rule out acute myocardial infarction (MI) and serial changes (deltas) to rule in MI.

METHODS
We included consecutive patients presenting to a US emergency department with serial cTnI onclinical indication. Diagnostic performance for acute MI, including MI subtypes, and 30-day outcomes were examined.

RESULTS
Among 1631 patients, MI was diagnosed in 12.9% using the contemporary cTnI assay and in 10.4% using the hs-cTnI assay. For ruling out MI, contemporary cTnI ≤99th percentile at 0, 3, and 6 h and a normal ECG had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.5% (95% CI, 98.6–100) and a sensitivity of 99.1% (95% CI, 97.4–100) for diagnostic and safety outcomes. Serial hs-cTnI measurements ≤99th percentile at 0 and 3 h and a normal ECG had an NPV and sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 100–100) for diagnostic and safety outcomes. For ruling in MI, contemporary cTnI measurements had specificities of 84.4% (95% CI, 82.5–86.3) at presentation and 78.7% (95% CI, 75.4–82.0) with serial testing at 0, 3, and 6 h, improving to 89.2% (95% CI, 87.1–91.3) by using serial cTnI changes (delta, 0 and 6 h) &gt;150%. hs-cTnI had specificities of 86.9% (95% CI, 85.1–88.6) at presentation and 85.7% (95% CI, 83.5–87.9) with serial testing at 0 and 3 h, improving to 89.3% (95% CI, 87.3–91.2) using a delta hs-cTnI (0 and 3 h) &gt;5 ng/L.

CONCLUSIONS
hs-cTnI and contemporary cTnI assays are excellent in ruling out MI following recommendations predicated on serial testing and the 99th percentile with a normal ECG. For ruling in MI, deltas improve the specificity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02060760
The Roles and Dimensions of Science and Technology in India’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Siddhartha V. 
Published: July 2017

The new millennium perspectives on science and technology and its role in India’s foreign policy can be ascertained from a variety of instances. Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, during his visit to the US in September 2000 talked about the ‘repositioning’ of India in regional and world affairs. In January 2015, during his address to the Indian Science Congress, Prime Minister Narendra Modi talked about a growing trend of international collaboration in research and development that India should be able to take advantage of. It was primarily for this reason that PM Modi had placed science and technology at the forefront of India’s diplomatic engagement. The fact that this address was made at the Indian Science Congress and not at a meeting of Indian ambassadors was in itself significant. Besides, the recent discourse in newspapers on India’s membership to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) has been led by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), rather than by the country’s scientific community. This substantive involvement is indicative of the noticeable diffusion of science and technology into India’s foreign policy-making.
Influence of Morphology and Strength on Front Crawl Swimming Speed in Junior and Youth Age-Group Swimmers
Authors: Strzała Marek , Stanula Arkadiusz , Krężałek Piotr , Ostrowski Andrzej , Kaca Marcin , Głąb Grzegorz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Strzała, M, Stanula, A, Krężałek, P, Ostrowski, A, Kaca, M, and Głąb, G. Influence of morphology and strength on front crawl swimming speed in junior and youth age-group swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2836–2845, 2019—This study, conducted in 2 male age groups, was aimed at analyzing the influence of body properties, dry-land strength and swimming strength on 50-m crawl (VCrawl). We examined 2 competitive groups, Youth (20.6 ± 1.05) and Junior (17.3 ± 0.59), based on (a) body mass (BM) and lean body mass (LBM), body height (BH) and total body length (TBL), and arm span (AS); (b) countermovement jump (CMJ) and maximum isometric strength of elbow and knee joints; and (c) tethered crawl strength. We hypothesized that a higher relationship of strength indices in younger swimmers in VCrawl and tethered swimming would be a better sprint performance predictor. The Junior group revealed a significant relationship between somatic traits (BM r = 0.63; BH r = 0.55; TBL r = 0.58; AS r = 0.52 with p ≤ 0.05 LBM r = 0.78; with p < 0.01) and VCrawl, whereas such interplay was not found in the Youth group. General dry-land strength indices CMJ (cm), CMJ (J) or isometric strength of knee joint muscle flexors and extensors (r = 0.57; r = 0.69; r = 0.56; r = 0.57, respectively) also significantly correlated with VCrawl only in the Junior group. The Junior group's tethered swimming strength had a higher but not a significant relationship with VCrawl. The Youth group instead achieved significantly higher VCrawl and stroke rate (SR). The SR revealed (r = 0.41, p = 0.014) a relationship with VCrawl only after the combination of both groups. This study demonstrates a better strength relationship with VCrawl in the younger Junior group. In the future, the evaluation of sprint swimming aptitudes, besides on the basis of somatic traits and properties of dry-land or water strength measurement, should be complemented by measurements of real sprint swimming technique parameters.
Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Versus Continuous Endurance Training: Effects on Hematological and Cardiorespiratory System Adaptations in Professional Canoe Polo Athletes
Authors: Sheykhlouvand Mohsen , Gharaat Mohammadali , Khalili Erfan , Agha-Alinejad Hamid , Rahmaninia Farhad , Arazi Hamid 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Sheykhlouvand, M, Gharaat, M, Khalili, E, Agha-Alinejad, H, Rahmaninia, F, and Arazi, H. Low-volume high-intensity interval versus continuous endurance training: effects on hematological and cardiorespiratory system adaptations in professional canoe polo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1852–1860, 2018—The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 2 paddling-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on hematological, immunological, and cardiorespiratory adaptations in professional canoe polo athletes. A total of 21 male canoe polo athletes were randomly divided into 1 of 3 groups (N = 7): (a) HIIT with variable intensity (VIHIIT) (6 × 60 seconds at 100, 110, 120, 130, 130, 130, 120, 110, 100% vV̇o
2peak from first to ninth session, respectively, 1:3 work to recovery ratio); (b) HIIT with variable volume (VVHIIT) (6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9, 8, 7, 6 repetitions/session from first to ninth session, respectively) × 60 seconds at lowest velocity that elicited V̇o
2peak (vV̇o
2peak), 1:3 work to recovery ratio); and (c) the CET group performed 3 times × 60 minutes paddling sessions (75% vV̇o
2peak) per week for 3 weeks. Significant increases in V̇o
2peak (ml·kg−1·min−1) (VIHIIT = 7.6%, VVHIIT = 6.7%), ventilation (V̇E) at V̇o
2peak (VIHIIT = 11.5%, VVHIIT = 15.2%), respiratory frequency (R
f) at V̇o
2peak (VVHIIT = 21.1%), V̇o
2 at ventilatory threshold (VT) (VIHIIT = 10.5%, VVHIIT = 25.1%), V̇E at VT (VIHIIT = 12.4%, VVHIIT = 34.0%), tidal volume at VT (VIHIIT = 11.7%, VVHIIT = 33.3%), R
f at VT (VIHIIT = 9.7%), V̇E/V̇o
2 at VT (VVHIIT = 13.1%), V̇o
2/heart rate (HR) at VT (VIHIIT = 12.9%, VVHIIT = 21.4%), and V̇E/HR at VT (VIHIIT = 7.8%, VVHIIT = 27.2%) were seen compared with pretraining. Training interventions resulted in significant increases in mean platelet volume (VIHIIT = 2.7%, VVHIIT = 1.9%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CET = 3.3%), and significant decrease in red blood cell distribution width (VVHIIT = −4.3), and cell numbers of lymphocyte (CET = −27.1) compared with pretraining. This study demonstrated that paddling-based HIIT enhances aerobic capacity and respiratory makers, without negatively affecting the immune system over 3 weeks.
Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus
Authors: Kochanowicz Andrzej , Niespodziński Bartłomiej , Mieszkowski Jan , Marina Michel , Kochanowicz Kazimierz , Zasada Mariusz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Kochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1609–1618, 2019—Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such performances require specific muscle activation, which should differ depending on the condition and expertise of the gymnast. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate (a) the difference in electromyography (EMG) between handstands performed on 3 apparatus (floor, rings, and parallel bars); and (b) the difference between young and well-trained adult gymnasts. Ten adult (25 ± 3.94 years) and 15 young (13.9 ± 0.7 years) gymnasts participated in the study. We investigated EMG amplitude in 13 muscles normalized by arbitrary angle maximal isometric voluntary contraction (normalized root mean square [NRMS]). In comparison with the handstand on the floor (61 ± 28%), the wrist flexor muscles of gymnasts exhibited a decreased NRMS on the parallel bars (44 ± 25%; p = 0.017), and rings (46 ± 32%; p = 0.029), whereas no changes were observed in the triceps brachii. The rest of the investigated muscles showed a higher NRMS in rings. Differences between young and adult gymnasts were seen in the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscles, where more experienced gymnasts showed 19.1% (p = 0.014) and 17.6% (p = 0.048) lower NRMS, respectively. The different gymnastic apparatus led to specific muscle activation. This activation predominantly depended on hand support conditions, which alternated the primary wrist strategy of the handstand balance control, and in consequence, the activation of other muscles controlling balance. Training focused on the development of motor control and strength of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and trapezius descendens muscles to improve handstand performance.
Validity of Real-Time Data Generated by a Wearable Microtechnology Device
Authors: Weaving Dan , Whitehead Sarah , Till Kevin , Jones Ben 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Weaving, D, Whitehead, S, Till, K, and Jones, B. Validity of real-time data generated by a wearable microtechnology device. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2876–2879, 2017—The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of global positioning system (GPS) and micro-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) data generated in real time through a dedicated receiver. Postsession data acted as the criterion as it is used to plan the volume and intensity of future training and is downloaded directly from the device. Twenty-five professional rugby league players completed 2 training sessions wearing an MEMS device (Catapult S5, firmware version: 5.27). During sessions, real-time data were collected through the manufacturer receiver and dedicated software (Openfield v1.14), which was positioned outdoors at the same location for every session. The GPS variables included total-, low- (0–3 m·s−1), moderate- (3.1–5 m·s−1), high- (5.1–7 m·s−1), and very high-speed (>7.1 m·s−1) distances. Micro-electrical-mechanical-system data included total session PlayerLoad. When compared to postsession data, mean bias for total-, low-, moderate-, high-, and very high-speed distances were all trivial, with the typical error of the estimate (TEE) small, small, trivial, trivial and small, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients for total-, low-, moderate-, high- and very-high-speed distances were nearly perfect, nearly perfect, perfect, perfect, and nearly perfect, respectively. For PlayerLoad, mean bias was trivial, whereas TEE was moderate and correlation nearly perfect. Practitioners should be confident that when interpreting real-time speed-derived metrics, the data generated in real-time are comparable with those downloaded directly from the device postsession. However, practitioners should refrain from interpreting accelerometer-derived data (i.e., PlayerLoad) or acknowledge the moderate error associated with this real-time measure.
Agility and Vertical Jump Performances Are Impacted by Acute Cool Exposure
Authors: Carlson Lara A. , Fowler Cara , Lawrence Michael A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Carlson, LA, Fowler, C, and Lawrence, MA. Agility and vertical jump performances are impacted by acute cool exposure. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1649–1653, 2019—Outdoor sports teams may be exposed to acute cold stress during competition, which may affect performance. Limited research has explored the effects of cold exposure on athletic components. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute whole-body cool exposure on pro-agility, vertical jump, and sprint performances. Eleven lightly clothed (∼0.3 clo) and not cold acclimatized volunteers (10/1 women/men: age 20.5 ± 0.5 years; height 1.65 ± 0.09 m; mass 63.3 ± 8.9 kg; body fat 21.3 ± 7.6%) completed performance tests in both thermoneutral (17.2° C, 36% relative humidity, Biddeford, ME, USA) and cool (6.1° C, 72% relative humidity, Thorsmörk, Iceland) ambient temperatures. Before completing the performance tests, subjects engaged in a 5-minute stretching routine and were subsequently exposed to either a thermoneutral or cool ambient environment for 15 minutes. Performance tests included 3 trials of maximal vertical jumps, and 2 trials of both the 36.6-m sprint and pro-agility tests. Mean performance and lactate values were compared via paired t-tests. Pro-agility completion time was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) slower in the cool (5.63 ± 0.33 seconds) than thermoneutral (5.43 ± 0.26 seconds) environment. Vertical jump was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the cool (0.36 ± 0.07 m) than thermoneutral (0.41 ± 0.10 m) environment. Sprint performance and lactate values were unaffected by the cool exposure. Brief cool exposure seems to influence agility and vertical jump performances. Our results suggest that it would be prudent for athletes and coaches to consider the ambient environment when preparing for competition.
Impact of keyboard typing on the morphological changes of the median nerve
Authors: Loh Ping Yeap , Yeoh Wen Liang , Nakashima Hiroki , Muraki Satoshi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objective was to investigate the effects of continuous typing on median nerve changes at the carpal tunnel region at two different keyboard slopes (0° and 20°). The secondary objective was to investigate the differences in wrist kinematics and the changes in wrist anthropometric measurements when typing at the two different keyboard slopes.

Methods
Fifteen healthy right-handed young men were recruited. A randomized sequence of the conditions (control, typing I, and typing II) was assigned to each participant. Wrist anthropometric measurements, wrist kinematics data collection and ultrasound examination to the median nerve was performed at designated time block.

Results
Typing activity and time block do not cause significant changes to the wrist anthropometric measurements. The wrist measurements remained similar across all the time blocks in the three conditions. Subsequently, the wrist extensions and ulnar deviations were significantly higher in both the typing I and typing II conditions than in the control condition for both wrists (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, the median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) significantly increased in both the typing I and typing II conditions after the typing task than before the typing task. The MNCSA significantly decreased in the recovery phase after the typing task.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the immediate changes in the median nerve after continuous keyboard typing. Changes in the median nerve were greater during typing using a keyboard tilted at 20° than during typing using a keyboard tilted at 0°. The main findings suggest wrist posture near to neutral position caused lower changes of the median nerve.
Edulcorantes naturales
Authors: Alonso Jorge Rubén 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Los edulcorantes naturales constituyen, en la actualidad, una excelente alternativa en la industria alimenticia. Si bien esta industria emplea desde hace varios años productos químicos como el aspartame, acelsufame-K, sacarina o ciclamato, la inocuidad de estas sustancias ha estado siempre como tema de discusión en los principales foros académicos alimenticios, generando desconcierto entre los consumidores de productos bajos en calorías, e incluso múltiples dudas entre las propias autoridades regulatorias, en especial cuando se habla del largoplacismo de toma de estas sustancias. En las plantas medicinales se ha investigado en los últimos años alternativas edulcorantes mucho más seguras, y que a la vez, mantengan el índice de dulzor en niveles adecuados para el consumo humano. Entre las sustancias más estudiadas guran la taumatina, monellina o los esteviósidos, los cuales ya forman parte de muchos productos alimenticios. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Piezoelectricidad y ferroelectricidad en biomateriales
Authors: Heredia Alejandro , Bdikin Igor , Colín-García María 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En este artículo se presenta una revisión de los conceptos de piezoelectricidad y ferroelectricidad, así como sus aplicaciones en materiales complejos e híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos mediante el uso de las técnicas de microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM) y de fuerza de piezorespuesta (PFM). Aunque este tipo de estudios son escasos en las áreas biológicas, se sugiere el uso de estas técnicas para analizar las propiedades de piezorespuesta en péptidos debido a su relevancia en las reacciones prebióticaspero y en el diseño de máquinas nanomoleculares. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Evaluación de la eficacia cosmética de cremas elaboradas con aceites extraídos de especies vegetales Amazónicas: Mauritia Flexuosa (Morete), Plukenetia Volubilis (Sacha Inchi) y Oenocarpus Bataua (Ungurahua)
Authors: Mosquera Tatiana , Noriega Paco , Tapia Wilson , Pérez Silvia H. 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Investigaciones anteriores demuestran la actividad antioxidante de los aceites de </span><span>Mauritua flexuosa </span><span>(Morete), </span><span>Plukenetia volubilis </span><span>(Sacha inchi) y </span><span>Oenocarpus bataua </span><span>(Ungurahua), se realizaron formulaciones de cremas de aplicación cosmética y emulsiones básicas, evitando que el uso de demasiados ingredientes puedan interferir en lo que se consideran como “activos” dentro de la formulación cosmética (aceites con potencial antioxidante). </span></p><p><span>Las muestras fueron evaluadas en un estudio in vivo no invasivo, utilizando una muestra de 30 mujeres que presentaban cierto grado de fotoenvejecimiento. Se realizó una evaluación clínica dermatológica y una evaluación instrumental utilizando el Cutometer MPA580, equipo que permite visualizar las modificaciones en la elasticidad y firmeza cutánea. La evaluación se la hizo al inicio y luego de cuatro semanas de utilizar el producto y los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza. </span></p><p><span>Los resultados del estudio demuestran que a los 28 días de tratamiento, la evaluación clínica las cremas muestran una mejorara significativa en la luminosidad y suavidad de la piel, y la evaluación instrumental indica que se logró una mejoría en la firmeza y elasticidad de la piel. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Correlación de niveles de urea en leche con características físico-químicas y composición nutricional de dietas bovinas en ganaderías de la provincia de Pichincha
Authors: Bonifaz Nancy , Gutiérrez Francisco 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los niveles de urea en leche (MUN por </span><span>Milk Urea Nitrogen</span><span>) como metabolito que permite determinar si la relación energía/proteína es la correcta, y su incidencia sobre los parámetros productivos. La urea es el producto final del metabolismo de las proteínas, cuando se produce esta se difunde a todos los tejidos del cuerpo de la vaca y aparece en orina, saliva y leche. La proteína de los pastos y los niveles de fibra bruta en el suplemento tienen una relación directa con los niveles de MUN. Los niveles de MUN presentan una relación inversa con el contenido de proteína láctea y se relacionan también con la producción de leche (litros leche/vaca/día) y el periodo de lactancia. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
O desafio do enfermeiro frente à liderança compartilhada e colaborativa
Authors: Braun Ana Claudia , Fagundes Camila Dewes Porto 
Published: July 2017

O cotidiano do enfermeiro é permeado por desafios. Um deles reside na liderança de forma compartilhada e colaborativa. A presente pesquisa objetiva averiguar a percepção de enfermeiros sobre os desafios da liderança compartilhada e colaborativa. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, transversal e exploratória com oito enfermeiros-líderes de diferentes turnos de um hospital privado de Porto Alegre. Após a análise e o tratamento dos dados, os principais resultados demonstram que a liderança compartilhada desenvolvida pelos enfermeiros entrevistados possui barreiras que são inerentes às atividades assistenciais e administrativas realizadas por estes profissionais, tais como os diferentes estilos de liderança adotados, gestão de conflitos, tomada de decisão e relacionamento interpessoal. Como implicação prática, sugere-se o investimento em treinamentos organizacionais que colaborem para o entendimento da liderança compartilhada a fim de dirimir suas barreiras e incentivar a sua execução qualificada.