bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Double‐Layer Active Films Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract for the Application of Pork Packaging
Authors: Hu Shuaifeng , Wang Haili , Han Weiyue , Ma Yichao , Shao Zehuai , Li Li 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNature extract is one of the most important additives in active food packaging. In this study, the mono and double‐layer active films containing pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were prepared and their effects for pork stored under refrigeration were evaluated. With 1.5% of PPE as an active agent and polyethylene (PE) resin as a matrix, PPE‐PE monolayer active packaging films were prepared by the extrusion blow molding process. With PPE‐PE active film as the internal layer film, two double‐layer active films such as PPE‐PE/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and PPE‐PE/polypropylene (PP) were obtained. The characterizations of mechanical, optical and barrier properties of PE, PE/PET, PPE‐PE, PPE‐PE/PET and PPE‐PE/PP films were determined. The addition of PPE increased elongation at break from 115.85–178.05%. Effects of pork packaged by these active films stored at refrigeration (4 ± 1C) were evaluated, based on total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), total viable counts (TVC), pH, TBA and drip loss. By day 6, the TVC of pork samples packaged by PPE‐PE, PPE‐PE/PET, PPE‐PE/PP and PE/PET films, respectively, were 5.78, 5.49, 5.58, 5.72 log10 CFU/g, compared to TVC of pork sample in PE film, 6.54 log10 CFU/g, which showed PPE‐PE/PET and PPE‐PE/PP films had good antibacterial effects. These active films delayed the changes of drip loss and sensory score, and retarded the changes of TVB‐N, TBA and pH value, especially PPE‐PE/PP and PPE‐PE/PET films. The results indicated that PPE‐PE/PP and PPE‐PE/PET active films could extend pork shelf life better than PPE‐PE films which could extend pork shelf life by 3 days.Practical ApplicationsActive packaging provides an additional and final barrier that can prevent the corruption effectively. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are well‐known packing material for their excellent physical and chemical properties. We blend the pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with PE and prepare the active film by extrude blow. It is a potency to prepare active film in factory not only in laboratory. This work has studied mechanical, optical and barrier property of the active film, and the actual preservation effect of active packaging. The comprehensive characterization of the film would present more valuable information for practical application.
Psychosocial correlates of psychiatric diagnoses and maladaptive behaviour in youth with severe developmental disability
Authors: Weiss J. A. , Ting V. , Perry A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe know little about the correlates of mental health problems in youth with severe and profound intellectual disability (ID), as most research includes these youth within larger samples that include greater proportions of mild and moderate disability. The purpose of the current study was to identify the child, family and psychosocial characteristics that were associated with the presence of psychiatric diagnoses and maladaptive behaviour in youth with severe ID.MethodsParticipants were 141 parents of youth with severe or profound levels of ID, 4 to 18 years of age. The mean age of children was 11.04 years (SD = 3.38), with 68% male and 39% with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents completed a primarily online survey of child and family characteristics, negative life events, family quality of life and their own mental health.ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed that youth with a psychiatric diagnosis had higher levels of adaptive behaviour and experienced more negative life events than youth without psychiatric diagnosis, while the presence of clinically significant maladaptive behaviour was related to higher levels of adaptive behaviour, parents' mental health problems and lower family quality of life. Child age, gender, ASD status and financial hardship were not related to either outcome variable.ConclusionsYouth with severe and profound ID who experience psychosocial stressors are more likely reported to have mental health problems than youth without such stressors. It is likely that a combination of child and family based interventions, along with with policies that address larger systemic issues of social adversity, are needed to promote mental health and treat psychopathology when it arises.
Amyloidosis enhancing activity of bovine amyloid A fibrils in C3H/HeN mice and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Tsukawaki Satomi , Murakami Tomoaki , Ibi Kanata , Kuraishi Takeshi , Hattori Shosaku , Kai Chieko , Suzuki Kazuhiko , Yanai Tokuma 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn experimentally induced cases of AA amyloidosis, the development of disease is enhanced by the administration of homogenous or heterogeneous amyloid fibrils. In recent years, cross‐species transmission of animal amyloidosis into human has become of particular concern.MethodsCynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with bovine amyloid fibrils under acute inflammation.ResultsAmyloid A deposits were not detected in any of the monkeys, but mild‐to‐severe AA deposits were found in all mice.ConclusionsThese results suggest that unlike in rodents, cross‐species transmission of AA amyloidosis is less likely to develop, at least during acute inflammation, in primates.
Monosynaptic Reflexes and Preprogrammed Reactions in Down Syndrome: A Surface Electromyographic Study
Authors: Rigoldi Chiara , Galli Manuela , Vimercati Sara Laura , Condoluci Claudia , Tacchino Giulia , Bianchi Anna Maria , Albertini Giorgio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe development of motor control in people affected by motor and cognitive pathologies leads to different behaviors in approaching everyday life activities. Understanding the origin of the differences in motor control between people with Down syndrome and those typically developing is very important for the definition of early and late intervention in rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to explore the stretch reflex and preprogrammed reactions as the origin of motor control development in a population of participants with Down syndrome. Eight subjects with Down syndrome (5 males, 3 females; mean age 23.11 ± 8.96) and 21 typically developing persons (7 males, 14 females; mean age 28.95 ± 9.56) were evaluated. The participants were seated on a chair with their dominant arm flexed at approximately 90°. Holding the handle of a bucket in his/her dominant hand, the participant was told to maintain the position after an unexpected load perturbation, produced by throwing a weight inside the bucket. The evaluation of primitive mechanisms of motor control revealed that no basic abnormality was present in the early motor control mechanisms of subjects with Down syndrome. The results provide evidence to the hypothesis that peripheral control in Down syndrome is comparable to that of typically developing persons, permitting the development of motor control throughout their sensorial exploration of the external world. However, the difference in central nervous system structure between people with Down syndrome and controls could probably produce different shaping of the higher elaboration centers causing a delayed or a different neuromotor response.
Quantile Peer Effects of Immigrant Children at Primary Schools
Authors: Ohinata Asako , van Ours Jan C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe analyze how the share of immigrant children in the classroom affects the educational performance of native Dutch children in primary schools. Using quantile regressions, our paper studies these peer effects at different parts of the test score distribution of native children. After accounting for selectivity in the allocation of immigrant students across schools, we find no evidence for the existence of negative peer effects of immigrant children, either at the median or at other parts of the distribution.
Omega‐3 LCPUFA supplement: a nutritional strategy to prevent maternal and neonatal oxidative stress
Authors: Kajarabille Naroa , Hurtado Jose A. , Peña‐Quintana Luis , Peña Manuela , Ruiz Josefa , Diaz‐Castro Javier , Rodríguez‐Santana Yessica , Martin‐Alvarez Estefania , López‐Frias Magdalena , Soldado Olga , Lara‐Villoslada Federico , Ochoa Julio J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere is controversy about fish‐oil supplementation and oxidative damage. This ambiguity should be explored to elucidate its role as modulator of oxidative stress, especially during gestation and postnatal life. This is the objective of this study. One hundred ten pregnant women were divided in two groups: control group CT (400 mL/day of the control dairy drink); supplemented group FO (400 mL/day of the fish oil‐enriched dairy drink (±400‐mg EPA‐DHA/day)). Different biomarkers of oxidative damage were determined in the mother's at enrolment, at delivery and at 2.5 and 4 months postpartum and newborns at delivery and at 2.5 months postpartum. Omega‐3 LC‐PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation decreased plasma hydroperoxides especially in newborn at delivery (P = 0.001) and 2.5 months (P = 0.006), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in mothers at delivery (P = 0.024 (SOD)) and after 2.5 months (P = 0.040 (CAT)) and in newborns at 2.5 months (P = 0.035 (SOD); P = 0.021 (CAT)). Also, supplementation increased α‐tocoferol in mothers at 2.5 months (P = 0.030) and in umbilical cord artery (P = 0.039). Higher levels of CoQ10 were found in mothers at delivery (P = 0.039) as well as in umbilical cord vein (P = 0.024) and artery (P = 0.036). Our supplementation prevents the oxidative stress in the mother and neonate during the first months of postnatal life, being a potential preventive nutritional strategy to prevent functional alterations associated with oxidative stress that have an important repercussion for the neonate development in the early postnatal life.
Differential protein expression in the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes induced by the insecticide temephos
Authors: GAMES P. D. , ALVES S. N. , KATZ B. B. , TOMICH J. M. , SERRÃO J. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMosquitoes are vectors for pathogens of malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis. Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) is a known vector of lymphatic filariasis. Its control in Brazil has been managed using the organophosphate temephos. Studies examining the proteins of Cx. quinquefasciatus that are differentially expressed in response to temephos further understanding of the modes of action of the insecticide and may potentially identify resistance factors in the mosquito. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis, using 2‐dimensional electrophoresis coupled with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify midgut proteins in Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae that were differentially expressed in response to exposure to temephos relative to those in untreated controls. A total of 91 protein spots were differentially expressed; 40 were upregulated and 51 were downregulated by temephos. A total of 22 proteins, predominantly upregulated, were identified as known to play a role in the immune response, whereas the downregulated proteins were involved in energy and protein catabolism. This is the first proteome study of the midgut of Cx. quinquefasciatus and it provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of insecticide‐induced responses in the mosquito.
Nurse‐led intervention on knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Darsin Singh Sukhbeer K , Ahmad Aini , Rahmat Norsiah , Hmwe Nant Thin Thin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoronary heart disease has emerged as a number one killer in Malaysia and globally. Much of the morbidity and mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients is because of patients not recognizing their symptoms which contributes to delay in seeking early treatment.AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse‐led health education programme on knowledge, attitude and beliefs of coronary patients towards the responses to acute coronary syndrome and the association with patients' characteristics.MethodsA single‐group quasi‐experimental design took place in a tertiary hospital. A total of 60 coronary patients were recruited to this study. The knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were evaluated at baseline and after 1 month of giving education intervention.ResultsKnowledge, attitude and beliefs about ACS increased significantly from baseline to 1 month after intervention. Level of attitude was associated with gender, educational level and employment status.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that an education program conducted by a nurse improved patients' level of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs in response to ACS symptoms at 1 month compared to baseline, but whether they are sustained for a longer period is unclear. Improving the responses towards ACS might reduce decision delay in symptom interpretation and seeking early treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse‐led interventions have imparted positive outcomes in response to ACS symptoms among coronary patients. Therefore, nurses should take the initiative in educating patients to minimize delay in symptom interpretation and seeking early treatment.
Clinical Usefulness of a Mobile Application for the Appropriate Selection of the Antiarrhythmic Device in Heart Failure
Authors: CURCIO ANTONIO , DE ROSA SALVATORE , SABATINO JOLANDA , DE LUCA SIMONA , BOCHICCHIO ANGELA , POLIMENI ALBERTO , SANTARPIA GIUSEPPE , RICCI PIETRANTONIO , INDOLFI CIRO 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAppropriate selection of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device can be challenging in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. In this setting, limited information exists about the role of medical applications in helping physicians to choose the most useful device.MethodsWe developed a medical application that provides guidelines‐based algorithms for helping doctors in decision process using the Apache Cordova application programming interface. e‐CRTD App was tested in 36 consecutive patients (age 66.4 ± 8.5 years, 31 males) with diagnosis of heart failure (HF) addressed to electrophysiology laboratory for evaluation of ICD (N = 18) or CRT with defibrillator device (CRT‐D; N = 18) implantation. Two separate teams evaluated each patient independently: expert electrophysiologists (Group A); cardiologists in training using the App (Group B).ResultsThe outcomes of the clinical evaluation performed by Groups A and B were similar in 100% of patients in terms of classes of recommendations to device (Class I in eight cases, Class IIa in seven cases, Class III in the remaining 21). Surprisingly, the majority of indications from the general practitioners to cardiac device were inappropriate (N = 17 ICD, and N = 4 CRT‐D, Class III); nevertheless, e‐CRTD App helped Group B (nonexpert cardiologists) in excluding all these cases.ConclusionsThis study describes and validates a mobile application realized to help the decision‐making process in HF patients candidate to ICD/CRT‐D. This application supports physicians to assess the eligibility for ICD or CRT‐D according to current guidelines in patients with LV dysfunction.
Identification of two major quantitative trait locus for fresh seed dormancy using the diversity arrays technology and diversity arrays technology‐seq based genetic map in Spanish‐type peanuts
Authors: Vishwakarma Manish K , Pandey Manish K , Shasidhar Yaduru , Manohar Surendra S , Nagesh Patne , Janila Pasupuleti , Varshney Rajeev K 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeed quality for both germination in the next generation and for human consumption is adversely affected due to preharvest sprouting in peanut. It also makes seeds more vulnerable to infection by a number of pathogens. Therefore, it is desirable to have 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy (FSD) in the peanut varieties. In this context, one F2 population was developed from a cross between non‐dormant (ICGV 00350) and dormant (ICGV 97045) genotypes. Phenotyping of this population showed control of the trait by two recessive genes. In parallel, genotyping of the population with Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and DArT‐seq markers provided a genetic map with 1152 loci covering a map distance of 2423.12 cM and map density of 2.96 cM/loci. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two major QTLs, namely qfsd‐1 and qfsd‐2 explaining 22.14% and 71.21% of phenotypic variation, respectively. These QTLs, after validation in different genetic backgrounds, may be useful for molecular breeding for FSD in peanut.
Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Nagata Hazumu , Yamamura Kenichiro , Nagata Kouji , Uike Kiyoshi , Morihana Eiji , Ihara Kenji , Yumoto Yasuo , Fusazaki Naoki , Kado Hideaki , Kato Kiyoko , Taguchi Tomoaki , Hara Toshiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively rare malformation, but it has a high mortality rate. Its association with congenital heart disease lowers survival rate due to severe acidosis and desaturation caused by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate. We describe herein a case of CDH with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum, in a patient who was prenatally diagnosed, managed with extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO) support and successfully treated with both CDH repair and Jatene procedure, with no respiratory or circulatory sequelae. In conclusion, precise prenatal estimation is essential, and ECMO is a useful therapeutic option in these complex cases.
We Use Too Much Vitamin D in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Reilly Robert F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCurrent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines for chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder recommend maintaining the PTH level between 2 and 9 times the upper limit of normal. PTH levels function as a surrogate for bone turnover to differentiate forms of renal osteodystrophy. Vitamin D receptor agonists are primarily used to treat osteitis fibrosa in hemodialysis patients. However, there is concern that overtreatment may put HD patients at risk for adynamic bone disease, which has been associated with fracture and vascular calcification. This raises the issue as to whether “we use too much vitamin D in hemodialysis patients.”
Human leukocyte antigen class II (DRB1 and DQB1) alleles and haplotypes frequencies in patients with pemphigus vulgaris among the Serbian population
Authors: Zivanovic D. , Bojic S. , Medenica L. , Andric Z. , Popadic D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe etiology of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is multifactorial and includes genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immunological factors. Inheritance of certain Human class II leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles is by far the best‐established predisposing factor for the development of PV. Class II HLA alleles vary among racial/ethnic backgrounds. We have determined an association between HLA class II alleles and PV among the Serbian population. A total of 72 patients with confirmed diagnosis of PV were genotyped for HLA class II alleles. HLA frequencies were compared with unrelated healthy bone marrow donors. The statistical significance of differences between patients and controls was evaluated using Fisher's exact test. The DRB1*04 and DRB1*14 allelic groups were associated with PV (P adj = 4.45 × 10−13 and 4.06 × 10−19 respectively), while HLA‐DRB1*11 was negatively associated with PV (P adj = 0.0067) suggesting a protective role. DRB1*04:02, DRB1*14:04, DQB1*03:02 and DQB1*05:03 alleles were shown to be strongly associated with PV (P adj = 1.63 × 10−12, 5.20 × 10−7, 1.28 × 10−6, and 4.44 × 10−5, respectively). The frequency of HLA DRB1*04‐DQB1*03 and HLA DRB1*14‐DQB1*05 haplotypes in PV patients was significantly higher than in controls (31.3% vs 8.8%, P adj =7.66 × 10−8 and 30.6% vs 6.3%, P adj = 3.22 × 10−10, respectively). At high‐resolution level, statistical significance was observed in HLA‐DRB1*04:02‐DQB1*03:02 and HLA‐DRB1*14:04‐DQB1*05:03 haplotypes (P adj = 5.55 × 10−12, and P adj = 3.91 × 10−6, respectively). Our findings suggest that HLA‐DRB1*04:02, DRB1*14:04, HLA‐DQB1* 03:02 and DQB1*05:03 alleles and HLA‐DRB1*04:02‐DQB1*03:02 and HLA‐DRB1*14:04‐DQB1*05:03 haplotypes are genetic markers for susceptibility for PV, while DRB1*11 allelic group appears protective in Serbian population.
Cytosolic Replication of Group A
Streptococcus
in Human Macrophages
Authors: O’Neill Alan M. , Thurston Teresa L. M. , Holden David W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

As key components of innate immune defense, macrophages are essential in controlling bacterial pathogens, including group A
Streptococcus
(GAS). Despite this, only a limited number of studies have analyzed the recovery of GAS from within human neutrophils and macrophages. Here, we determined the intracellular fate of GAS in human macrophages by using several quantitative approaches. In both U937 and primary human macrophages, the appearance over time of long GAS chains revealed that despite GAS-mediated cytotoxicity, replication occurred in viable, propidium iodide-negative macrophages. Whereas the major virulence factor M1 did not contribute to bacterial growth, a GAS mutant strain deficient in streptolysin O (SLO) was impaired for intracellular replication. SLO promoted bacterial escape from the GAS-containing vacuole (GCV) into the macrophage cytosol. Up to half of the cytosolic GAS colocalized with ubiquitin and p62, suggesting that the bacteria were targeted by the autophagy machinery. Despite this, live imaging of U937 macrophages revealed proficient replication of GAS after GCV rupture, indicating that escape from the GCV is important for growth of GAS in macrophages. Our results reveal that GAS can replicate within viable human macrophages, with SLO promoting GCV escape and cytosolic growth, despite the recruitment of autophagy receptors to bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Classically regarded as an extracellular pathogen, GAS can persist within human epithelial cells, as well as neutrophils and macrophages. Some studies suggest that GAS can modulate its intracellular vacuole to promote survival and perhaps replicate in macrophages. However, an in-depth single-cell analysis of the dynamics of survival and replication is lacking. We used macrophage-like cell lines and primary macrophages to measure the intracellular growth of GAS at both the population and single-cell levels. While CFU counts revealed no increase in overall bacterial growth, quantitative fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and time-lapse imaging revealed bacterial replication in a proportion of infected macrophages. This study emphasizes the importance of single-cell analysis especially when studying the intracellular fate of a pathogen that is cytotoxic and displays heterogeneity in terms of intracellular killing and growth. To our knowledge, this study provides the first direct visualization of GAS replication inside human cells.