bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Information Management to Enable Manufacturing Style E & P: Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Reagan Randy 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Overview
The high well counts of the unconventional gas business of SCEPCo in China require a more efficient approach to sharing data than in a typical Exploration & Production (E&P) business. High volume well delivery requires standard, repeatable processes where inputs to each task in the process arrive in a timely, reliable manner. In addition to materials and services, the process inputs include information.
Time wasted finding and cleaning data created by different functions can be a much bigger barrier to profitability in a high well count/ low margin business, than in a conventional E&P business.
The integrated approach to information at SCEPCo relies on Enterprise Architecture for managing data that includes:Standard, quality data, shared across all subsurface, engineering, production and support functions.Interweaving the flow of information with the flow of activities in developing end to end processesMeasuring data quality where it is captured.Making information easy to find by eliminating departmental or personal data storage in favor of a few enterprise data stores.
The Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach to information is applicable across a wide variety of oil & gas business models, but is particularly valuable in high-volume, low-margin businesses.
The presentation will cover specifically what is being done in information management at SCEPCo with a focus on data that crosses processes and function.
The information presented will add knowledge of how the EA approach in other industries can be successfully applied to the petroleum industry.
A Novel, Chemistry-Based Approach to Fluid Diversion in Hydrocarbon Based Paraffin Solvent Treatments
Authors: Wiggins Chris , Quintero Harvey , Ubana Lea 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Paraffin deposition is a commonly experienced problem throughout the petroleum industry, and especially in certain reservoir fluids found in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). As hydrocarbons are produced from the relatively high pressure and temperature found in the reservoir, fluids experience a thermal cooling, as well as significant pressure decreases. These alterations in the fluid thermodynamics can lead to the instability and eventual deposition of paraffins from the hydrocarbon matrix. As production continues, these paraffin deposits can result in significant flow impairment in downhole and surface facilities.
Aromatic and aliphatic compounds are commonly used as remediation methods for the dissolution of these paraffins. However, one of the most significant challenges in ensuring an effective remedial treatment is maintaining optimal fluid placement. Given a lack of diversionary placement methods, fluids will preferentially take the path of least resistance. This path does not necessarily coincide with desirable solvent placement for optimum contact with the organic solids. Instead, expensive solvents can be rendered ineffective through a lack of contact.
In order to counteract poor fluid placement, a variety of chemical and mechanical diversionary methods have been developed for use in acid or solvent treatments. Mechanical methods rely on tools or packers to force remediation fluids into the desired location. Chemical methods often rely on a viscosification to force remediation fluid from the path of least resistance into the desired areas.
To date, the majority of chemical diversion methods have been utilized for acidization treatments, while hydrocarbon based solvents have largely relied on mechanical means of isolation. This paper will provide details on the development, laboratory testing, and case study of a novel chemical system intended to provide diversion for an aliphatic and aromatic based solvent. The use of a delayed viscosifying agent can be custom tailored for each individual wellbore scenario, allowing for optimal fluid placement.
Perforation Optimisation for Long Horizontal Wells in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Pang Wei , Zhang Tongyi , Chen Dechun , Jiang Lifu , Li Changheng 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Perforated completion is one of the most common completion methods for horizontal wells and perforation density optimisation plays a crucial role in alleviating water cut of wells in water-driven reservoir. Unscientific perforation scheme may leads to ununiform production influx profile and premature water breakthrough which will shorten production period, reduce production and lower ultimate recovery. Numerous theoretical models on perforation distribution design have been proposed. However, with horizontal wellbore becoming longer and longer and heterogeneous reservoirs growing into mature (or high water cut) period, perforation density optimisation based on reservoir description becomes urgent for water breakthrough retardation as well as water crest blocking. By now, the published models haven&apos;t genuinely met this requirement.
A coupled numerical reservoir/wellbore model for horizontal wells is presented taking reservoir fluid flow in porous media, near wellbore inflow and wellbore conduit flow into consideration based on reservoir numerical simulation and wellbore dynamics, hence a perforation density optimisation method following influx-control theory is proposed. Sensitivity analysis on perforation distribution as well as influx profile of three effects including horizontal length, pressure drawdown in wellbore, and permeability heterogeneity carried out. Results show that perforation density optimisation is a compromised result of the above three parameters; the heel (toe) section filtration difference will dominate perforation optimisation when the horizontal length is short, and on the other hand, pressure drawdown will have significant effect on perforation especially when the horizontal well has fully penetrated the reservoir or the pressure drawdown is big enough; to obtain homogenized production influx profile, perforation density should be lower in high-permeability section than that in low-permeability stripe.
The research proposes an improved model for perforation design and optimisation of long horizontal wells. It also provides a basis for other completion types like inflow control device and intelligent completion.
Investigation of Waterflooding Performance of Multilayered Reservoir by Pore Scale Network Modelling and Combined Coreflooding
Authors: Zhenpeng Leng , Qingjie Liu , Zubo Zhang , Weifeng Lv 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The heterogeneous property of multilayered reservoir play very important role in the waterflooding performance. At present, it is difficult in characterization of cross-flow and fingering in reservoir scale injection processes and simulating it in laboratory. Although some methods like traditional research methods, experimental physics modeling and numerical simulation of different scales, can obtain some macroscopic insights, they were not suitable to study phenomenon of cross-flow and fingering in multilayered models from micro-mechanism perspective. As a computer stochastic-simulating technology in reservoir physics, pore scale network model has been used in many fields, such as single-phase flow simulation, multi-phase flow simulation, and chemical flooding simulation, etc. A special network model which is suitable for simulation of multilayered models is introduced in this article. In order to describe heterogeneity between layers, framework of the special network model is combining of different small frameworks that represent radii distribution of pores and throats of different layers. Quasi-static flow rule is applied in this paper, which is more comprehensive than static flow rule and faster in simulation computation than dynamic flow rule. Notice that a new dimensionless variable, which is a combination of viscous forces, capillary forces and gravity forces, is introduced in this model to control cross-flow and fingering.
Two multilayered physics modeling experiment are conducted in this work. Through CT scanning method, invading front could be identified clearly at different flooding stages. Invading front shapes were almost the same when comparisons with network modeling results. It indicates that the proposed dimensionless variable described microscopic mechanism of cross-flow and fingering phenomenon well.
Advanced Geophysical Methods for Imaging Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Boelle J.-L. , Paternoster B. , Leclercq M. , Guilloux Y. , Landa E. , Radigon M. , Mahgoub M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present in this work an exhaustive seismic study which was performed on a subset of a wide azimuth Ocean Bottom Cable seismic acquisition shot over a carbonate field from the U.A.E. Most of these results were published in Guilloux et al. (2012).
A first challenge was to reprocess these data ensuring that the azimuthal information is properly preserved all along the sequence. An additional challenge is related to the very shallow water environment which brings complexity like dispersive ground-roll and water layer related guided waves, multiples which can be generated at sea-surface, sea-floor or internally, near-surface heterogeneities.
On top of that the high velocities which are encountered in these carbonate formations are detrimental to a high resolution description of reservoirs.
Two main issues are presented:Wide azimuth processing: the whole sequence was designed in order to preserve the azimuthal information. Multiples were attenuated in a cascaded approach including 3D predictive deconvolution and wide azimuth high resolution radon filtering. The Common Offset Vector strategy was followed at the imaging step to build 3D Common Image Gathers versus offset and azimuth, which enables to apply an azimuthally variant residual velocity correction and then stack all azimuthal contributions in an optimal manner.Heterogeneities and fracture characterization: we tested a newly developed technique for imaging the diffractions. This approach is not limited to description of fractures, it can describe and characterize any kind of heterogeneity, it is then well suited to describe carbonate reservoirs.
This pilot processing study enabled to set up an operational wide azimuth processing sequence on this dataset, several processing scenarii could be tested and compared. In particular the sequence for attenuation of multiples was considered efficient, bringing a lot of character to the final result.
The implementation of multi-azimuth Diffraction Imaging over this carbonate reservoir is proving very encouraging. Numerous detected features display geologically meaningful characteristics, some of them being not visible on conventional structural attributes. This study would be among the first applications of the methodology with tangible results providing more static and dynamic fracture data become available for calibration.
HPHT Well Basis of Design Case Study: Offshore Thailand Advanced Tubular Analyses Experience
Authors: Rosland Habil Akram , Effendhy E. , Park S.J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In 2011, a major exploration and production oil company drilled and tested an HPHT well, the Tong Rang 3. This well is located in Bongkot field, Gulf of Thailand, about 722 km from Bangkok.
This paper highlights the outcome of a post-drilling review using the Tong Rang 3 as a case study with respect to the well-design models and steps that the company will be taking towards optimizing its higher degree of HPHT development wells, which include future challenging prospects in the Gulf of Thailand.
Aside from stress and pressure profiles, a good understanding of the temperature regime and heat transfer in HPHT wellbores is an important aspect of the planning process. The logs and actual well-testing operations in the Tong Rang 3 confirmed that the hydrocarbon produced contains gas condensate with 31.5% CO2. The maximum circulating temperature was diagnosed to be around 207°C while drilling to TD with a mud-cooling system in place and bottomhole temperature in excess of 227°C during well testing and a tubing-head temperature of 60°C.
To improve the quality of the well design and planning process, the company has realized the importance of a case study to establish a guideline in their well-integrity process, thereby allowing the drilling team to plan similar wells using proper engineering assumptions, including basis of design refinement, based on the company's well engineering policies. The study will not only enable aiding the wellbore and completion optimization, but can be used to improve decision making throughout the field-development campaign, thus avoiding possible underdesign and achieving long-term well integrity and cost optimization.
This paper will detail aspects of the well design incorporated in the Tong Rang 3 and provide a discussion and comparison between the plans vs. the actual design throughout the execution of this HPHT well, focusing on advanced tubular design from a temperature simulations aspect. It will also highlight the effect of tubular heat-up through comprehensive sensitivity analyses, while understanding how the currently available technology can be used to support an integrated basis of design model to successfully establish a representative HPHT wellbore configuration, subsequently signifying relevant well-construction parameters to ensure an effective and safe design for future HPHT wells.

Introduction
The casing-design process, including the production tubing string, is generally developed or reviewed by experienced personnel, and it is essential that the basis of design is designed to withstand all planned life-cycle well-loading conditions without loss of well integrity. Industry-standard casing-design software is typically used for surface, intermediate, and production casing, emphasizing in complex well-design work, which includes different well types, such as HPHT, deepwater, ERD, ultra-deep gas, sealed annulus, hydraulic fracturing or injector, and gas storage.
Multizone Tight Gas Completions in the Piceance Basin: Over a Decade of Learnings
Authors: Adeyeye Ajibola , Perez Romeo , Boyer Melanie , Wieland Deni , Benish Tim 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In 1999, tight gas development began in Piceance Creek area of the Piceance Basin, Colorado by utilizing a new technology to individually fracture-stimulate over 50 stacked tight gas sand packages, spanning as much as 5000 vertical feet in each well. Through the completion of over 300 wells, the Just-in-Time-Perforating (JITP) technology matured and the efficiency of completion operations improved dramatically with the implementation of simultaneous operations, refined diversion techniques, optimization of the frac design, and improved water handling. Many of these improvements can be attributed to the unique advantages of the JITP process itself. For example, the low daily water requirement enabled the use a fully closed-loop water recycling and distribution system. This system delivers 100 percent of the requisite water to each frac site with minimal trucking and minimal storage on location, which reduced the overall environmental footprint. The project also heavily relied on a systematic science-based approach to optimize completion design. Statistical methods were used to deduce the impact of various fluid systems, chemicals, sand and water volumes, and other parameters associated with successful well stimulation. To improve long-term well productivity, a fit-for-purpose logging program was developed to identify and avoid sands with high risk of significant water production. The relentless focus on continuous improvement over the last several years resulted in notable reduction in completions cost per unit gas.
Diagenetic Geobodies: Fracture-Controlled Burial Dolomite Bodies in Outcrops from Northern Oman
Authors: Vandeginste Veerle , John Cédric , Beckert Julia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Diagenetic heterogeneities are difficult to predict in subsurface. Nevertheless, such heterogeneities can be crucial in hydrocarbon exploration. Diagenetic processes can significantly alter petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks, especially in carbonate rocks because of the reactive nature of the carbonate minerals. Dolomitization, i.e. the transformation of calcite (limestone) into dolomite, is a common diagenetic process in carbonate rocks.

Description:
an overview of the learning outcomes gained by studying fracture-related dolomite in outcrops of Oman and subsequent laboratory analysis over the last four years.
A combined structural, petrographic and geochemical approach was taken to study three dolomite systems occurring in different stratigraphic host rock intervals.

Application:
Structurally-controlled dolomitization (i.e. dolomitization along faults and fractures) typically occurs in burial conditions, and the resulting strong permeability anisotropies caused by the dolomite textures can cause major challenges for hydrocarbon exploration.

Results and Conclusions:
Dolomite bodies in the Precambrian Khufai Formation are related to N-S to NNE-SSW fractures, whereas dolomite bodies that mainly occur in the Jurassic host rocks occur along reactivated WNW-ESE normal faults. These fracture-related dolomite bodies are generally less than 15 m wide, but can be up to a few hundred meters long. Late-diagenetic dolomite bodies were also recognized in Permian host rocks, where they occur at or close to the contact between Permian limestone and early-diagenetic dolomite. This late diagenetic dolomite system can be traced laterally for at least hundreds of meters and occurs in wadi's about 40 km apart. Our data indicate that there were several dolomitization events in the geological history, generating dolomite bodies with different characteristics.

Technical Contributions:
This highlights the needs to understand the timing and structural setting of dolomite bodies in subsurface to improve reservoir management.
Unlocking Small-Scale GTL: Cost-Effective Platform for Producing Drop-in Fuel From Syngas via a Single-Loop, Catalytic Thermochemical Process
Authors: Boyajian George , Li Nan , Fang Howard , Qin Meifang , Koros Robert , Keller Arnold , Gal Eli 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We describe a new gas-to-liquids technology that converts syngas to high-quality gasoline, diesel, and/or jet fuel through a catalytic thermochemical process that minimizes complexity, improves product quality and increases yield. Syngas-to-gasoline plus (STG+) converts 1 MMBtu of natural gas feed into ~5 US gallons of liquid fuels, enabling the use of cost-effective, small-scale (6,000 bpd) GTL plants. Our data are from laboratory research, pilot and demonstration plant operations, and independent laboratory testing. We also compare the two leading GTL technologies (Fischer-Tropsch and Methanol-to-Gasoline) to the STG+ process.
Our results are applicable to the GTL supply chain, development and operation of GTL plants, and end users of syngas-derived drop-in fuels. Because STG+ is cost-effective at scales as small as 400 bpd, it is particularly attractive for stranded or flared gas.
From pilot and demonstration plant operations, independent lab testing, university research, Aspen simulation and financial analyses, we show:The gasoline product has &gt;91 octane, contains &lt;1 ppm sulfur and ~0 benzene, and meets or exceeds other ASTM standards.It only requires ~$120M to build a 2,000 bpd commercial plant and produces high-quality gasoline at the cost of $65 per barrel crude oil because of its high yield and efficiency.STG+ is consistently more cost-effective, both in capital and overall costs, than Fischer-Tropsch and even the MTG processes at small, medium and large scales through a series of comprehensive technical and economical analyses.
This is the first in-depth presentation of the STG+ process comparing its properties and benefits with the FT and MTG processes.
CNG Application in Qatar
Authors: Kafood Ahmad Hassan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Natural gas has been considered as the most promising alternative fuel for its cleanliness and abundance. It has been widely replacing other conventional fuel in industrial applications as well as transportation. Nowadays, more than14.8 million vehicles are running on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) globally, and the number is rapidly increasing due to increase of air pollution awareness and financial advantages.
There are numerous anticipated benefits of using CNG in transportation instead of conventional fuels in Qatar. In addition to its economic benefits, CNG will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which will consequently improve air quality in Qatar.
Qatar Petroleum is currently evaluating the logistical, technical, environmental and economic viability of utilizing CNG in a wide spectrum of transportation facilities in Qatar and free up equivalent quantities of gasoline and diesel for export. The study covers different aspects such as the distribution network, CNG supply points, modifications and supporting facilities required to convert gasoline and diesel vehicles to CNG.
CNG pilot project has been initiated in Qatar on November 2011 to address the full chain of CNG application in transportation; the pilot project will address the filling stations risk assessment, operational procedures, vehicles' maintenance and associated issues.
This paper will present the challenges and problems that might be encountered in the deployment of full scale CNG system in the State of Qatar and the way forward.
Fractional Schrödinger Equation in the Presence of the Linear Potential
Authors: Liemert André , Kienle Alwin 
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we consider the time-dependent Schrödinger equation:	i ∂ ψ ( x , t ) ∂ t = 1 2 ( − Δ ) α 2 ψ ( x , t ) + V ( x ) ψ ( x , t ) , x ∈ R , t > 0 with the Riesz space-fractional derivative of order 0 < α ≤ 2 in the presence of the linear potential V ( x ) = β x . The wave function to the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation in momentum space is given in closed form allowing the determination of other measurable quantities such as the mean square displacement. Analytical solutions are derived for the relevant case of α = 1 , which are useable for studying the propagation of wave packets that undergo spreading and splitting. We furthermore address the two-dimensional space-fractional Schrödinger equation under consideration of the potential V ( ρ ) = F · ρ including the free particle case. The derived equations are illustrated in different ways and verified by comparisons with a recently proposed numerical approach.