bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OCT Angio imaging of the pathologic changes in PDR
Authors: Glittenberg C. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe presentation will give the audience an overview over swept source OCT angiography and it′s applications in imaging proliferative and non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The presentation will give a basic understanding of how motion contrast is used to visualize erythrocyte movement inside vessels as well as how using exactly this method leads to reflection and shadowing artifacts that can be misleading during diagnosis. We will show how new methods of temporal despeckling and flicker noise reduction can increase the visibility of subtle vessel changes that are pivotal in diagnosing and monitoring diabetic retinopathy. Additionally we will show how three‐dimensional ray‐traced rendering of the OCT‐angiographic data sets increase the structural understanding of diabetic neovascularizations, micro‐aneurysms, and retinal ischemias. The presentation will also include a discussion on the benefits of using swept source technology as well as a 1,050 nm wavelength in order to perform superior OCT angiographic examinations.
How to keep your work published?
Authors: Kivelä T. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIf you want to keep your papers published, please avoid at least the following five mortal academic sins. (i) Do not plagiarize either the work of someone else or your previous writings. Be original to succeed. (ii) Do not revert to sloppy, let alone dishonest research practice. Eventually you will be discovered. (iii) Do not manipulate any images. There are people specialized to discover and report this type of a problem. (iv) Do not meddle with authorship. Everyone involved is to be included and should know about it. (v) Do not fake peer review. Yes, it does happen. These and other great ways of getting your paper pulled out of the literature will be highlighted in this talk using recent life examples, several of them from the field of ophthalmic research. Moreover, the audience will be introduced to useful tools related to post‐publication review, an important emerging trend that you can be part of. Learn what problems are best to know before they will strike you either through your own action or through that of one of your co‐authors.
Results for the Synergy trial: use of iStent in open angle glaucoma
Authors: Garcia‐Feijoo J. , Voskanyan L. , Martinez de la Casa J.M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryiStent aim to improve access of aqueous to Schlemm's canal and to the collector channels. IStent surgery can be performed on topical and intracamerular anaesthesia. The G1 Glaukos® trabecular micro‐bypass is L‐shaped titanium implant. iStent inject is conic and smaller than the G1and also made of titanium. The Stents are pre‐loaded in the injector designed to deliver the stents into the Schlemm′s canal. For iStent inject Voskanyan et al (2014) conducted a multicenter study on 99 POAG patients uncontrolled on two or more topical medications. 66% of subjects achieved IOP ≤ 18 mmHg at 12 months without medication, and 81% of subjects achieved Month 12 IOP ≤ 18 mmHg with either a single medication or no medication. Mean baseline washout IOP values decreased by 10.2 mmHg or 39.7% from 26.3 (SD 3.5) mmHg to 15.7 (SD 3.7) mmHg at Month 12. Mean IOP at 12 months was 14.7 (SD 3.1) mmHg in subjects not using ocular hypotensive medications. The best indications for the trabecular stent are cases with primary open angle, pigmentary or PSX glaucoma. The ideal candidate for this surgery is a patient with early or moderate glaucoma, patients with compliance issues, bad tolerance to medical treatment or reluctant towards a chronic daily treatment.
The ocular surface anatomy under cover – its interaction with a scleral lens
Authors: Knop E. , Knop N. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryScleral Lenses represent the historic type of a large rigid ‘foreign body’ that rests on the sclera, vaults over the cornea thus keeps the main parts of the ocular surface ‘under cover’. However, in contrast to ordinary large soft CL that are in direct contact with cornea and conjunctiva, scleral lenses are in most parts physically separated from the ocular surface epithelia. Their lens vault forms a dome‐like region over the ocular surface. It is filled by tear fluid and thereby allows to constantly moisten the cornea within its own physiological bathing solution. This special ‘tear bandage’ has various advantages on ocular physiology and its natural healing capacities, that may be explained by a plethora of metabolically active ingredients in the tears. Modern lens materials and designs make sclerals an easy to use and versatile tool for daily practise with ideal wearing comfort and medical safety. Therefore, sclerals are a highly underestimated medical tool in an ‘under cover mission’ at the ocular surface.
Tear fluid biomarkers, conjunctival inflammation in glaucoma
Authors: Uusitalo H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOcular surfaces are protected, nourished and lubricated by tear fluid and are exposed environmental factors, topical ophthalmic drugs. Inflammation and wound healing are vital processes involved in the defense mechanisms and in the pathogenesis of many eye diseases. Chronic topical medication is known to affect ocular surface eliciting inflammation, activating wound healing and worsening the success of glaucoma surgery. We used proteomics as a powerful tool to diagnose ocular surface diseases and detect pathogenic mechanisms and biomarkers in glaucoma patients.Tear fluid and conjunctival tissue specimens of glaucoma and control patients were analyzed by using proteomic and histological techniques. Proteomic analyses were performed with NanoLC‐TripleMSTOF MS using SWATH acquisition. For library generation UniProtKB/SwissProt database was used.Proteomic analysis of conjunctiva demonstrates protein profile of >2,000 proteins. Pathway analysis allowed analysis of processes like inflammation and wound healing. It will also give an opportunity to further analyze the role of pathogenic mechanisms leading to failure in glaucoma surgery and to develop novel diagnostic tools, biomarkers and therapies for glaucoma patients.
Inflammatory choroiditis
Authors: Herbort C.P. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryNon‐infectious choroiditis is classically subdivided into at least two main categories, including choriocapillaritis and stromal choroiditis. In the latter, the site of inflammation is situated in the choroidal stroma. When inflammation exclusively originates from the choroidal stroma which is the target of an immune reaction such as in Vogt‐Koyanag‐Harada disease (VKH), sympathetic Ophthalmia (SO) or birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC), the term of primary stromal choroiditis is used. When the choroidal stroma is a chance and random location of a systemic disease such as sarcoidosis, the term of secondary stromal choroiditis is used. In the choriocapillaritis group the lesion process is an inflammatory non perfusion of the choriocapillaris, a mechanism occurring or suspected to occur in diseases such as multiple evanescent white dots syndrome (MEWDS), multifocal choroiditis, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). The difference of these two mechanism will be further presented with the help of practical examples presented in the same fashion as the ‘viva voce’ EBO examination.
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy – basic optical principles
Authors: Irsch K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryScanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO) produces an ocular fundus image by moving a focused laser beam via scanning mirrors over the retina in a grid pattern and registering the reflected light from each scanned point. In confocal SLO, a pinhole is placed in front of the detector to cut off scattered or defocused light coming from outside the point of interest, which otherwise can blur the image. This results in a focused, high‐contrast image of a single tissue layer located at the focal plane. Tomographic information can be extracted by moving the plane of the pinhole. The use of various wavelengths allows for different applications, such as fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and autofluorescence imaging. This lecture will present the basic principles of SLO, as well as discuss notable applications and variants of the technology.
Optical coherence tomography – basic optical principles
Authors: Irsch K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an optical analogue to ultrasound imaging. The much higher speed of light compared with sound allows for finer cross‐sectional views of the retina and anterior segment. Since it is extremely difficult to directly detect the shorter ‘echo’ times it takes light to travel from different structures at axial distances within the eye, interferometry is used. Incident light is thus split into two beams, and the beam backscattered from the ocular tissue is then compared (‘interfered’) with the beam that has traveled a known time from the reference mirror. Broadband (i.e., low ‘coherence’) light sources are used, because they produce a wider band of wavelengths, and thereby enable greater sensitivity in comparing the travel time differences of the two beams. In time‐domain OCT, the reference mirror position is altered, so that interference patterns are generated whenever the two beams have traveled almost the same amount of time. In spectral‐domain OCT, the reference mirror position is fixed and the mixed interference patterns are separated via spectral wavelength analysis. This lecture will explain underlying concepts of OCT with a discussion of cutting‐edge technological developments.
The future of stem cell and cell therapy in ophthalmology
Authors: Ferrari S. , Moore T. , Shahdadfar A. , Petrovski G. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe anatomical and biological properties of stem cells in the eye have been the topic of indepth research over the last few decades. Enormous advances in the cell and tissue isolation and cultivation techniques, as well as molecular characterization of the different cell populations have been achieved, next to the major advances made in the bioscaffolds’ engineering for cell delivery and treatment of eye diseases. Advances in the cell and gene therapy have reached culmination with the human cornea being at the top and holding great promise in treating eye disorders. The eye is indeed a golden mine for stem cells. This session will include lectures from European experts in the field with high international recognition and large collaborative networks. Challenges in the clinical applications of cornea limbal stem cells will be described, along with advances in corneal endothelium engineering for future transplantation applications. In addition, examples of regulating the gene expression towards solving ocular surface diseases will be shown, as well as future directions hallmarking stem cell and cell therapy in ophthalmology.
Retinal detachment in ocular oncology
Authors: Pournaras J.A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRetinal detachment may occur in advanced retinoblastoma or be induced by recent therapy as intra‐arterial chemotherapy.First line intra‐arterial chemotherapy was proposed recently as a new conservative treatment for retinoblastoma patients. It offers good tumor control. Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment will be detailled as the evolution over time. Treatment options will be discussed, including scleral buckle surgery and surgical outcome.In our recent serie, secondary retinal detachment occurred in 16/30 cases (50%). Scleral buckle surgery with anterior chamber ponction was performed without drainage of sub‐retinal fluid. Retinal reapplication was obtained with scleral buckling in all patients. The early treatment of this complication is important for salvage of the globe and visual function.
Iris claw
Authors: Pournaras J.A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIris claw has been proposed in the management of aphakia, as anterior chamber and scleral IOL fixation. Fixation of this PMMA lens is based on enclavation of a fold of iris tissue without sutures, centered over pupil without affecting mydriasis, iris vasculature and o fluorescein leakage) angle structuresangle structures.Surgical procedure of anterior versus posterior implantation will be detailled. Per‐ and postoperative complications will be discussed.The choice of surgical modality may be individualised for specific patients taking into consideration anatomical characteristics (anterior chamber depth, EC count), prexisting ophthalmic pathologies, and surgeon experience.isting ophthalmic pathologies.
Visual evoked potentials
Authors: Liasis A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryVEPs in neuro‐ophthalmology are important for diagnosis and surveillance of intracranial pathology. The VEP can indicate the impact of pathology along the afferent visual pathway to the striate cortex. The pathology may directly or indirectly affect the visual pathway. A VEP typically is largest and best defined on electrodes over the mid occiput. The VEP to pattern reversal stimulation has a main positive peak, p100. The latencyp100 has been used extensively in adult neurology to depict and monitor conduction delay consequent upon demyelination and optic neuritis associated with MS. The other characteristics of the VEP waveform are also informative including its size, shape and distribution over the occiput. An inter‐ocular comparison of the distribution of monocular VEPs over the occiput can signpost chiasmal dysfunction, e.g. compression, or chiasmal disproportion as seen in albinism or achiasmia, or indicate hemisphere dysfunction.This talk will describe what a patient experiences during a VEP, what the results look like and how they are analysed.
Know your Bubbles
Authors: DUA H.S. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryDeep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is the gold standard for corneal transplantation in pathology that does not affect the Descemet's membrane (DM) and endothelium. Knowledge of the surgical micro anatomy of the posterior stroma is important in understanding the procedure and increasing the success rate.Anwar's ‘Big Bubble’ technique is the most popular. Three types of big bubbles (BB) can form. The most common one is the Type‐1 where the BB forms between deep stroma and the pre‐Descemets layer [Dua's layer‐ DL]. This is the most desirable one and successful DALK can be carried out even if there is a micro or macro perforation of this layer. The less common ones are the Type‐2 BB where the BB forms between DL and DM; and the Mixed BB (combination of types 1 and 2). In Type‐2 BB there is risk of rupture or bursting of the BB. By careful handling and ensuring that the eye pressure is constantly kept low by releasing aqueous through the paracentesis, DALK can be successfully completed when both Type‐2 and mixed BB are formed. The surface of Type‐1 BB is rough looking and Type‐2 is very smooth. The former extends to no more than 8.5 mm while the latter and Mixed BB can extent to the periphery of the cornea.
Photorefractive keratectomy for corneal dystrophies
Authors: Dobrowolski D. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPTK is considered as one of many options in treatment of corneal dystrophies. Removal of pathologic tissue from the corneal surface or anterior stroma is sufficient to improve visual acuity. It can delay more invasive treatment for many years. In other cases PTK induces healing process of the cornea including restoration of epithelial basement membrane and renewal of the healthy multilayer epithelium. In cases which underwent keratoplasty for dystrophy, PTK may be offered as an early treatment in recurrence of the dystrophy in the donor tissue.
The montrachet study
Authors: Creuzot C. , Bron A. , Binquet C. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe Montrachet Study (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases) is a population‐based derived from the 3C Study performed in Dijon. In 2009–2011, 1153 participants from the 3 Cities Study, aged 75 years or more, had an initial eye examination. Apart from the old age of this population, the main interest is that information on cardiovascular and neurologic diseases and a large comprehensive database (blood samples, genetic testing, cognitive tests, MRI) were available. Our first results showed us that despite the high prevalence of self‐reported eye diseases in this elderly population, visual impairment was low and increased with age. These results can improve our knowledge on the characteristics of ocular data in the elderly as well as the relations between eye and age‐related vascular and neurologic diseases.
Optic nerve energy metabolism: the role of astrocyte glycogen
Authors: Ransom B. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryGlycogen is a glucose storage molecule. We studied the physiology and functions of glycogen in CNS white matter using acutely isolated mouse optic nerve (MON), a typical CNS white matter tract. Glycogen is present in MON astrocytes. Aglycemia caused loss of the stimulus evoked compound action potential (CAP) after ~15 min. CAP decline coincided with exhaustion of usable tissue glycogen. Increasing glycogen content prolonged the latency to decline onset and, conversely, decreasing glycogen shortened this latency. Metabolic support provided by glycogen during aglycemia was abolished by an inhibitor of glycogen breakdown (DAB). The MON has a high resting level of extracellular lactate (~0.6 mM). The metabolic support provided by glycogen during aglycemia is abolished by an inhibitor of glycogen breakdown (DAB) in MON. Both tissues exhibit high levels of extracellular lactate ([Lactate−]o), up to 50% of which derives from glycogen. During aglycemia, glycogen in astrocytes is metabolized to lactate and ‘shuttled’ to axons (and possibly oligodendrocytes) to support oxidative energy metabolism. Glycogen breakdown and lactate transport to axons is also needed to sustain brief periods of intense axonal discharge.
Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) assisted positioning of toric lens implants
Authors: Wylegala E. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe effectiveness of the correction of astigmatism majorly depends on the accuracy of the positioning of the toric lens implant in the eye. Appropriate removal of viscoelastic, proper centration and axis alignment have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the astigmatic correction. For phakic toric lenses positioned in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye or adapted to the iris, as well as for pseudophakic toric lenses postioned in the capsular bag, the intraoperative use of real time OCT scanner (e.g. RESCAN 700 Zeiss) allows for an evaluation of the lens positioning. iOCT plays also a role in the estimation of the axial position of the lens, e.g. for customization of the IOL constants for formula‐based IOL calculation or the circular contact force to the posterior capsule for prevention of secondary cataract formation. In this talk we would like to show the potential of iOCT use and tailor out the add‐on value of this exciting technology.
Investigating the effect of low dose ionising radiation on epithelial progenitor cell niches
Authors: Quinlan R. , Kalligeraki A. , Pal R. , Wu J.J. , Inagaki M. , Tanaka H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRecent work has identified a nonlinear biological response to low dose radiation in support of the low dose hormesis model in the murine lens epithelium, with mice being irradiated with doses between 0.1 and 1 Gy, with the dose response peaking at 0.5 Gy (Markiewicz et al., 2015). An important question is whether other epithelia show similar low dose hormetic responses and whether there are any associated pathologies. These comparative studies will help us understand how low dose IR causes cataract. We have developed a conical gel mount system on glass microscopy slides for the mouse lens, which allows its placement and manipulation using a standard inverted confocal microscope. Each lens was subsequently imaged with the Leica SP5 confocal microscope through a set of sequential z stacks, and reconstructed in ImageJ to produce the 3D anaglyphs to measure cell density, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis events in the lens epithelium. By comparison, conventional histochemistry was sufficient to make similar measurements for the progenitor cell niches in the hair follicle and colonic crypts and therefore to determine whether there is a common or distinct hermetic response by the lens epithelium to low dose ionizing radiation.
Corneal neovascularization: clinical aspects and the role of the immune system
Authors: Bonini S. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRecent scientific evidences emphasized the role of corneal emo‐lymphangiogenesis and the active role of the immune system in corneal neovasculariziation (CN).Corneal neovasculariziation has an incidence rate of approx.. 1.4 million patients per year. CN is a natural defense of the cornea in the attempt to respond to invading agents, However, this process may cause permant damage to the corneal transparency and may be responsible of loss of visual function. A delicate balance regulates this ‘corneal angiogenic privilege’ between FGF and VEGF and several antiangiogenic factors (namely the role of intact epithelium, the limbus, and other antiangiogenic molecules) This paper will review the role of corneal inflammatory vascularization as well as the role of antiangiogenic factors and the involvement of the immune system in this process. New and emerging treatment to counteract the corneal neovessels will be highlighted.
Factors influencing intravitreal Bevacizumaband triamcinolone treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema
Authors: Lee M.Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate factors associated with the response of intravitrealbevacizumab (IVB) and intratreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in diabetic macular edema (DME)Methods71 eyes of 55 patients with DME were incorporated in this retrospective study. Group 1 included eyes showed good response to IVB. Group 2 included eyes which did not respond to IVB but responded to IVTA. Group 3 included eye which did not respond to both. Clinical factors, HbA1c and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings including patterns of macular edema were compared among three groupsResults44, 27, 20 eyes were included in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. HBA1c was higher in group 3 than other groups. Proportion of full (combination of all patterns) type edema were higher in group 3 than the other two groups. In group 1, proportion of sponge‐like diffuse retinal thickening type was higher and cystoid macular edema type was lower than the other groups.ConclusionsThe degree of diabetic control and morphologic subtypes with OCT should be considered to better predict the prognosis after treatment in DME.