bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF NONLINEAR STRUCTURE FORMATION ON THE POWER SPECTRUM OF TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM FLUCTUATIONS AND THE KINETIC SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH EFFECT
Authors: Park (박현배) Hyunbae , Komatsu Eiichiro , Shapiro Paul R. , Koda Jun , Mao Yi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Cosmological transverse momentum fields, whose directions are perpendicular to Fourier wave vectors, induce temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background via the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect. The transverse momentum power spectrum contains the four-point function of density and velocity fields,

In the post-reionization epoch, nonlinear effects dominate in the power spectrum. We use perturbation theory and cosmological N-body simulations to calculate this nonlinearity. We derive the next-to-leading order expression for the power spectrum with a particular emphasis on the connected term that has been ignored in the literature. While the contribution from the connected term on small scales (

) is subdominant relative to the unconnected term, we find that its contribution to the kSZ power spectrum at

at

can be as large as ten percent of the unconnected term, which would reduce the allowed contribution from the reionization epoch (

) by twenty percent. The power spectrum of transverse momentum on large scales is expected to scale as k
2 as a consequence of momentum conservation. We show that both the leading and the next-to-leading order terms satisfy this scaling. In particular, we find that both of the unconnected and connected terms are necessary to reproduce k
2.
INFERRING THE GALACTIC POTENTIAL WITH GAIA AND FRIENDS: SYNERGIES WITH OTHER SURVEYS
Authors: Sanderson Robyn E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
In the coming decade, the Gaia satellite will precisely measure the positions and velocities of millions of stars in the Galactic halo, including stars in many tidal streams. These streams, the products of hierarchical accretion of satellite galaxies by the Milky Way (MW), can be used to infer the Galactic gravitational potential thanks to their initial compactness in phase space. Plans for observations to extend Gaia’s radial velocity (RV) measurements to faint stars, and to determine precise distances to RR Lyrae in streams, would further extend the power of Gaia’s kinematic catalog to characterize the MW’s potential at large Galactocentric distances. In this work I explore the impact of these extra data on the ability to fit the potential using the method of action clustering, which statistically maximizes the information content (clumpiness) of the action space of tidal streams, eliminating the need to determine stream membership for individual stars. Using a mock halo in a toy spherical potential, updated post-launch error models for Gaia, and estimates for RV and distance errors for the tracers to be followed up, I show that combining either form of additional information with the Gaia catalog greatly reduces the bias in determining the scale radius and total mass of the Galaxy compared to the use of Gaia data alone.
SUBMILLIMETER-HCN DIAGRAM FOR ENERGY DIAGNOSTICS IN THE CENTERS OF GALAXIES
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Kohno Kotaro , Aalto Susanne , Espada Daniel , Fathi Kambiz , Harada Nanase , Hatsukade Bunyo , Hsieh Pei-Ying , Imanishi Masatoshi , Krips Melanie , Martín Sergio , Matsushita Satoki , Meier David S. , Nakai Naomasa , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Schinnerer Eva , Sheth Kartik , Terashima Yuichi , Turner Jean L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Compiling data from literature and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archive, we show enhanced HCN(4–3)/HCO+(4–3) and/or HCN(4–3)/CS(7–6) integrated intensity ratios in circumnuclear molecular gas around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) compared to those in starburst (SB) galaxies (submillimeter HCN enhancement). The number of sample galaxies is significantly increased from our previous work. We expect that this feature could potentially be an extinction-free energy diagnostic tool of nuclear regions of galaxies. Non-LTE radiative transfer modelings of the above molecular emission lines involving both collisional and radiative excitation, as well as a photon trapping effect, were conducted to investigate the cause of the high line ratios in AGNs. As a result, we found that enhanced abundance ratios of HCN to HCO+ and HCN to CS in AGNs as compared to SB galaxies by a factor of a few to even ≳10 are a plausible explanation for the submillimeter HCN enhancement. However, a counterargument of a systematically higher gas density in AGNs than in SB galaxies can also be a plausible scenario. Although we cannot fully distinguish these two scenarios at this moment owing to an insufficient amount of multi-transition, multi-species data, the former scenario is indicative of abnormal chemical composition in AGNs. Regarding the actual mechanism to realize the composition, we suggest that it is difficult with conventional gas-phase X-ray-dominated region ionization models to reproduce the observed high line ratios. We might have to take into account other mechanisms such as neutral–neutral reactions that are efficiently activated in high-temperature environments and/or mechanically heated regions to further understand the high line ratios in AGNs.
De l’action à l’écrit : la production d’un mode d’emploi par des enfants âgés de 8 à 12 ans
Authors: Bouchafa Houria , Marti Eduardo , Tantaros Spyridon 
Published: February 2016

Dans cette recherche, il est rendu compte de la manière dont les enfants communiquent, à autrui, une procédure simple au moyen d’une représentation notationnelle : un mode d’emploi. Les productions d’enfants espagnols, grecs et français, âgés de 8 à 12 ans, sont analysées selon différents critères et comparées à celles d’adultes. Les résultats montrent, chez les enfants, la difficulté de produire un texte procédural complet. Différentes difficultés ont été observées, liées à la nécessité de segmenter la procédure, à la nature séquentielle des informations et à la détermination d’un mode de notation adapté. Les productions des enfants des trois pays sont assez voisines, ce qui révèle l’existence de contraintes développementales, liées aux traitements cognitifs à effectuer pour établir un mode d’emploi.
Communiquer la description d’un itinéraire à autrui : notations produites entre 9 et 11 ans selon le contexte social de la tâche
Authors: Iralde Lydie 
Published: February 2016

Cette étude examine la capacité des enfants d’âge scolaire à mobiliser spontanément les notations pour communiquer une information spatiale. Les enfants (9, 10 et 11 ans, du CE2 au CM2) disposent de matériel pour écrire et écoutent une première fois la description verbale du trajet ; à la seconde écoute, ils peuvent faire tout ce qu’ils veulent pour pouvoir aider un autre enfant qui ne connaît pas le chemin pour aller à l’école (situation A, interlocuteur fictif) ; dans la situation B, ils savent qu’ils rencontreront cet enfant deux jours plus tard. Les résultats montrent un effet du contexte sur la capacité des plus jeunes à noter spontanément : la situation B (interlocuteur réel) les aiderait à appréhender la finalité sociale des pratiques d’écriture. Ainsi, proposer des contextes « authentiques » d’apprentissage pourraient aider les jeunes enfants à s’approprier les fonctions pragmatiques et cognitives des systèmes d’écriture et à faire usage de ces derniers.
Chapitre 4. La Déclaration d’Helsinki en 2015 et l’éthique de la recherche en Afrique francophone
Authors: Botbol Baum Mylène 
Published: February 2016

Cet article fait suite à mon livre « Bioéthique pour les pays du Sud » 2 qui avait pour but de montrer la nécessité d’une bioéthique africaine pour réguler la recherche internationale, et ce notamment sur le SIDA qui n’est ni vécue ni soignée de la même manière dans le Nord et dans le Sud. De nombreux débats ont eu lieu depuis la parution de ce livre, des débats qui semblent, à première vue, avoir donné raison à ceux qui revendiquaient, au nom de la rationalité et du pragmatisme, des doubles standards de soins entre le Nord et le Sud. En dépit d’un discours basé sur le respect d’autrui, la Déclaration d’Helsinki, dans ses versions d’après 2000, laisse place à des justifications basées sur des doubles standards de soins. Cela remet en scène le débat sur la légitimité de la recherche commandité par les pays du Nord, ayant pour participants des populations des pays émergents, ainsi que sur la meilleure approche bioéthique à développer pour répondre à cette problématique située aux confluents de l’universel, des principes éthiques et des situations locales. Ce texte se veut le fruit d’une réflexion suscitée par les conditions de légitimité de l’enseignement de la bioéthique dans les pays d’Afrique francophone, où l’absence de régulations favorise l’exploitation et l’expérimentation humaine au nom du soin.
Sidwaya et la Révolution burkinabè d’août 1983 : une histoire à géométrie variable
Authors: Yaméogo Lassané 
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la médiatisation de l’histoire de la Révolution burkinabè d’août 1983 mais aussi un réexamen de cette histoire au présent. Il décrypte les représentations que le quotidien public Sidwaya a fait circuler sur cette révolution, sur sa figure de proue, Thomas Sankara, ainsi que sur le pays colonisateur, la France, pendant les trois régimes politiques suivants : la Révolution, le Front populaire et la « Démocratie ». L’analyse révèle, sur la base des clichés représentationnels, une histoire révolutionnaire à géométrie variable.
Le rôle de la France au Rwanda : les journalistes français au cœur d’une nouvelle guerre de mémoire (1994-2015)
Authors: Robinet François 
Published: February 2016

Depuis 1994, la France est mise en cause pour son action au Rwanda avant, pendant et à l’issue du génocide des Tutsis. Des accusations sévères sont portées par des militants, des journalistes ou des chercheurs. Cette contribution vise à comprendre comment cette controverse s’est inscrite de manière durable dans le paysage politique et médiatique français. À travers l’étude des discours produits dans les médias d’information français depuis 1994, elle analyse le rôle des journalistes dans la fabrique de mémoires antagonistes sur l’événement : tandis que certains journalistes font émerger des faits, des documents et des témoignages permettant des progrès cognitifs sur les modalités des engagements français au Rwanda, d’autres constituent des relais pour des discours approximatifs, crispés voire négationnistes sur le génocide des Tutsis. L’étude de ces récits antagonistes dessine ainsi une cartographie des médiateurs, des réseaux voire des institutions engagés depuis 20 ans dans cette nouvelle guerre de mémoire.
Inferior Oblique Botulinum Toxin Injection: A Postoperative Diplopia Test for Secondary Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction
Authors: Bansal Shveta , Marsh Ian B. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the utility of botulinum toxin injection into the inferior oblique muscle for secondary inferior oblique muscle overaction.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 18 patients and 23 injections performed over a 9-year period. Indications and deviations in primary position and contralateral gaze before and after injection were recorded. Functional outcomes and further management (conservative vs surgical) were observed.

Results:
In 14 patients, chemodenervation resulted in a temporary improvement in symptoms. Eleven of these patients went on to have inferior oblique myectomy with resolution of their diplopia. Two patients preferred to receive regular injections of botulinum toxin as a treatment.

Conclusions:
Botulinum toxin chemodenervation of the inferior oblique muscle in cases of secondary inferior oblique muscle overaction is useful where one needs to establish a risk of overcorrection following planned inferior oblique muscle weakening. This is particularly true in cases where the primary position deviation may be small but symptoms of diplopia exist on contralateral side gaze, giving rise to a narrowed field of binocular single vision.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(2):80–84.]
Patterns in invertebrate drift from an Alpine karst aquifer over a one year period
Authors: Opalički Slabe Maja 
Published: February 2016

Patterns in invertebrate drift in the alpine karst Lipnik spring (Julian Alps, Slovenia) were investigated over a one year period. Monthly samplings of one permanent and two temporary springs, and one sampling of a spring brook benthos, yielded 23 Copepoda and Ostracoda species. More species (12) were found in the permanent than in the temporary springs (8 and 7), Elaphoidella phreatica (Sars, 1862) being the most frequent in all of them. No correlation was observed between precipitation and drift densities or the numbers of species in the permanent spring. In the temporary springs there were correlations between precipitation and the Shannon diversity index, equitability and changes in community composition. Conductivity of the water was the only physical parameter in the springs that correlated with precipitation. Species accumulation curves reached the asymptotes in all the springs but not for benthos. Dinamika plavljenja vodnih nevretenčarjev iz alpskega kraškega vodonosnika v obdobju enega letaV alpskem kraškem izviru Lipnik (Julijske Alpe, Slovenija) smo preiskovali dinamiko plavja vodnih nevretenčarjev v obdobju enega leta. V mesečnih vzorčenjih enega stalnega in dveh občasnih izvirov ter enkratnim vzorčenjem bentosa potoka Lipnik smo zbrali 23 vrst ceponožcev in dvoklopnikov. Rezultati raziskave so razkrili, da je bilo več vrst zbranih iz stalnega (12) kot iz občasnih izvirov (8 in 7). V vseh je številčno prevladovala vrsta Elaphoidella phreatica (Sars, 1862). V nobenem izviru ni bilo povezave med padavinami in gostoto plavja ter številom vrst. Povezava pa se je pojavila v občasnih izvirih med padavinami in Shannonovim indeksom in ravnovesjem ter spremembo v sestavi združbe. Edina fizikalna lastnost vode v izvirih, ki je bila v povezavi s padavinami, je bila prevodnost. Krivulje vrstne akumulacije so dosegle asimptoto pri vseh izvirih, v bentosu potoka pa ne.
The Effect of Music Therapy on Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Jahedi Zeinab Sirous , Khoi Nasser Amini 
Published: February 2016

<p>The aim of the present research was study of the impact of music therapy on problem-solving skills of 4 to 6 years old children in Tehran. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population was all 4 to 6 years old children in region 2 of Tehran. Using the random sampling method, the study sample was chosen in two experiment (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. The experiment group received 12 sessions of music therapy and the control group was waiting for treatment meanwhile. To evaluate the problem-solving skill in children, the three subscales of Wechsler’s Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) were used, including: mazes, cubes and arithmetic. Analysis of data obtained from the questionnaires was conducted in two parts of descriptive and inferential. The data analysis indicated the significant increase of problem-solving average score of the experiment group compared to the control group.</p>
How Tribal Consultation and Non-Invasive Techniques Led to a Better Understanding of Vázquez de Coronado’s Expedition of 1540–1542
Authors: Schmader Matthew F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractArchaeological site management goals, when informed by the input of traditional communities, can result in very different outcomes than standard cultural resource investigation strategies. A case example is presented for a large site in Albuquerque, New Mexico, containing material from the Francisco Vázquez de Coronado expedition. From 1540 to 1542, Coronado led one of the largest and most well-known explorations of the American southwest. The expedition spent much time in the Rio Grande Valley near present-day Albuquerque, including the site of Piedras Marcadas Pueblo. Formal consultations between local tribes and the City of Albuquerque in the 1990s generated a research program using geophysics and non-invasive techniques. Geophysical investigation produced results that would not have been obtained without tribal consultation to guide the research from an early point. By combining architectural data found by resistivity surveys with artifact distributions found by metal detection, details of a battle between Coronado’s expedition and puebloan people have emerged. Ongoing tribal consultation has shed light on the events that occurred at Piedras Marcadas and continues to inform interpretation and site management decisions. Resulting cooperation between traditional communities and the City of Albuquerque is a case study in the ever-important practices of co-creation and collaborative archaeology.
Utilizing Mole-Rat Activity for Archaeological Survey
Authors: Sapir Yair , Faust Avraham 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIdentifying previously unknown sites is a fundamental goal of the archaeological inquiry. In this article, after reporting the results of our work at Tel ‘Eton (Israel), we propose a new method that can increase the effectiveness of surveys. As part of a study of site formation processes, molehills (mole-rat back-dirt hills) were systematically sifted at Tel ‘Eton and its surroundings. It was apparent that the number and size of sherds in molehills on the mound greatly exceeded those found in its surroundings. The incidental identification of many sherds in molehills northwest of the mound, therefore, led us to suspect that this area was settled. This was tested by transecting the area. The finds, along with discoveries in the wadis cutting the plain, support this suggestion and allowed us to detect the lower city’s boundary. An examination of the site’s environments, moreover, enabled us to identify additional anomalies, like the co-occurrence of concentrations of sherds, red-soiled molehills, and slags, which might indicate an extra-mural workshop. Consequently, we suggest that a systematic examination of rodents’ back-dirt mounds can be an effective method—faster, cheaper, and more efficient than pedestrian surveys or shovel tests—of discovering unknown sites even in regions with good visibility.
Predictive Modeling for Site Detection Using Remotely Sensed Phenological Data
Authors: Kirk Scott Detrich , Thompson Amy E. , Lippitt Christopher D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the potential of remote sensing–derived metrics of vegetation phenology and a Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network to model the most likely locations of large, agglomerated archaeological sites. Focusing on two different environments in central New Mexico, the Galisteo Basin and the Sandia-Manzano Mountain range, this pilot study distinguishes between archaeological sites and their surroundings based on differential growth in vegetation. Using data derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper, a time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices were created to characterize vegetation phenology in the study areas. Distinguishing between archaeological sites and their surroundings, the neural network was trained on a series of known sites to develop an output activation layer indicating the possible locations of other, previously unknown sites. This output activation layer, treated as a site suitability model, was validated using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve using known sites excluded from the training procedure. Results show promise in large, open areas such as basin environments. While differences in vegetation type have relatively little effect, differences in elevation, or more directly the changes in phenology that go along with them, negatively impact the ability to infer the presence of archaeological sites using this approach.
Vertically conducting deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with interband tunneling junction grown on 6H-SiC substrate
Authors: Liang Hongwei , Tao Pengcheng , Xia Xiaochuan , Chen Yuanpeng , Zhang Kexiong , Liu Yang , Shen Rensheng , Luo Yingmin , Zhang Yuantao , Du Guotong 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Vertically conducting deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a polarization-induced backward-tunneling junction (PIBTJ) were grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on 6H-SiC substrates. A self-consistent solution of Poisson–Schrödinger equations combined with polarization-induced theory was applied to simulate the PIBTJ structure, energy band diagrams, and free-carrier concentration distribution. AlN and graded Al
x
Ga1−

x
N interlayers were introduced between the PIBTJ and multiple quantum well layers to avoid cracking of the n-Al0.5Ga0.5N top layer. At a driving current of 20 mA, an intense DUV emission at ∼288 nm and a weak shoulder at ∼386 nm were observed from the AlGaN top layer side. This demonstrates that the PIBTJ can be used to fabricate vertically conducting DUV LED on SiC substrates.
Post Hoc Bias in Treatment Decisions
Authors: Redelmeier Donald A. , Shafir Eldar 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceA goal of health care is to reduce symptoms and improve health status, whereas continuing dubious treatments can contribute to complacency, discourage the search for alternatives, and lead to shortfalls in care.ObjectiveTo test a potential bias in intuitive reasoning following a marginal improvement in symptoms after a dubious treatment (post hoc bias).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSurveys eliciting treatment recommendations for hypothetical patients were sent to community members throughout North America recruited via an online survey platform in the early winter months of 2023 and 2024 and presented to health care professionals (pharmacists who were approached in person using a secret shopper technique) in the summer months of 2023.ExposureRespondents received randomized versions of surveys that differed according to whether vague symptoms improved or remained unchanged after a dubious treatment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a recommendation to continue treatment.ResultsIn total, 1497 community members (mean [SD] age, 38.1 [12.5] years; 663 female [55.3%]) and 100 health care professionals were contacted. The first scenario described a patient with a sore throat who took unprescribed antibiotics; respondents were more likely to continue antibiotics after initial treatment if there was a marginal improvement in symptoms vs when symptoms remained unchanged (67 of 150 respondents [45%] vs 25 of respondents [17%]; odds ratio [OR], 3.98 [95% CI, 2.33-6.78]; P &amp;lt; .001). Another scenario described a patient with wrist pain who wore a copper bracelet; respondents were more likely to continue wearing the copper bracelet after initial care was followed by a marginal improvement in symptoms vs when symptoms remained unchanged (78 of 100 respondents [78%] vs 25 of 99 respondents [25%]; OR, 16.19 [95% CI, 5.32-19.52]; P &amp;lt; .001). A third scenario described a patient with fatigue who took unprescribed vitamin B12; respondents were more likely to continue taking vitamin B12 when initial treatment was followed by a marginal improvement in symptoms vs when symptoms remained unchanged (80 of 100 respondents [80%] vs 33 of 100 respondents [33%]; OR, 7.91 [95% CI, 4.18-14.97]; P &amp;lt; .001). Four further scenarios involving dubious treatments found similar results, including when tested on health care professionals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of clinical scenarios, a marginal improvement in symptoms led patients to continue a dubious and sometimes costly treatment, suggesting that clinicians should caution patients against post hoc bias.