bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genome sequence of the wisent (Bison bonasus)
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Lizhong , Lenstra Johannes A. , Jian Jianbo , Yang Yongzhi , Hu Quanjun , Lai Deyong , Qiu Qiang , Ma Tao , Du Zheng , Abbott Richard , Liu Jianquan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The wisent, also known as the European bison, was rescued from extinction approximately 80 years ago through the conservation of 12 individuals. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a male wisent individual descended from this founding stock. A total of 366 billion base pairs (Gb) of raw reads from whole-genome sequencing of this wisent were generated using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The final genome assembly (2.58 Gb) is composed of 29,074 scaffolds with an N50 of 4.7 Mb. 47.3% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements. We identified 21,542 genes and 58,385 non-coding RNAs. A phylogenetic tree based on nuclear genomes indicated sister relationships between bison and wisent and between the wisent-bison clade and yak. For 75 genes we obtained evidence of positive evolution in the wisent lineage. We provide the first genome sequence and gene annotation for the wisent. The availability of these resources will be of value for the future conservation of this endangered large mammal and for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Bovini tribe.
Establishment of a human hepatocellular cell line capable of maintaining long-term replication of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Yao Wan-Ling , Ikeda Sotaro , Tsukamoto Yuta , Shindo Keiko , Otakaki Yukie , Qin Mian , Iwasawa Yoshikazu , Takeuchi Fumihiko , Kaname Yuki , Chou Yu-Chi , Chang Chungming , Watashi Koichi , Wakita Takaji , Noda Takeshi , Kato Hiroki , Fujita Takashi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus whose replication cycle cannot be completely reproduced using cultured cell lines. Here, we report an engineered cell line capable of supporting the complete HBV life cycle. We generated HepG2 cells over-expressing the HBV entry receptor human NTCP (sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide), and defective in RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I)-like receptor signaling, by knocking down the IPS-1 (IFNβ-promoter stimulator-1) adaptor molecule. The resultant NtG20.i7 cells were susceptible to HBV, and its replication was detectable at 14 days post-infection and persisted for at least 35 days with a gradual increase of HBV core expression. The cells produced infectious HBV in the culture supernatant, and the addition of preS1 peptide myr47-WT, which blocks HBV entry, impaired the persistence of the infection. These findings suggest that the persistence of the infection was maintained by continuous release of infectious HBV virions and their re-infection. This system is useful for expanding our basic understanding of the HBV replication cycle and for screening of anti-HBV chemicals.
Patient portals and broadband internet inequality
Authors: Perzynski Adam T , Roach Mary Joan , Shick Sarah , Callahan Bill , Gunzler Douglas , Cebul Randall , Kaelber David C , Huml Anne , Thornton John Daryl , Einstadter Douglas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Patient portals have shown potential for increasing health care quality and efficiency. Internet access and other factors influencing patient portal use could worsen health disparities.
Methods: Observational study of adults with 1 or more visits to the outpatient clinics of an urban public health care system from 2012 to 2015. We used mixed effects logistic regression to evaluate the association between broadband internet access and (1) patient portal initiation (whether a patient logged in at least 1 time) and (2) messaging, controlling for demographic and neighborhood characteristics.
Results: There were 243 248 adults with 1 or more visits during 2012–2015 and 70 835 (29.1%) initiated portal use. Portal initiation was 34.1% for whites, 23.4% for blacks, and 23.8% for Hispanics, and was lower for Medicaid (26.5%), Medicare (23.4%), and uninsured patients (17.4%) than commercially insured patients (39.3%). In multivariate analysis, both initiation of portal use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24 per quintile, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.24, P &lt; .0001) and sending messages to providers (OR = 1.15, 95%CI, 1.09–1.14, P &lt; .0001) were associated with neighborhood broadband internet access.
Conclusions: The majority of adults with outpatient visits to a large urban health care system did not use the patient portal, and initiation of use was lower for racial and ethnic minorities, persons of lower socioeconomic status, and those without neighborhood broadband internet access. These results suggest the emergence of a digital divide in patient portal use. Given the scale of investment in patient portals and other internet-dependent health information technologies, efforts are urgently needed to address this growing inequality.
Systematic Review: A Prevention-Based Model of Neuropsychological Assessment for Children With Medical Illness
Authors: Hardy Kristina K. , Olson Katie , Cox Stephany M. , Kennedy Tess , Walsh Karin S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective
Many pediatric chronic illnesses have shown increased survival rates, leading to greater focus on cognitive and psychosocial issues. Neuropsychological services have traditionally been provided only after significant changes in the child’s cognitive or adaptive functioning have occurred. This model of care is at odds with preventative health practice, including early identification and intervention of neuropsychological changes related to medical illness. We propose a tiered model of neuropsychological evaluation aiming to provide a preventative, risk-adapted level of assessment service to individuals with medical conditions impacting the central nervous system based on public health and clinical decision-making care models.

Methods
Elements of the proposed model have been used successfully in various pediatric medical populations. We summarize these studies in association with the proposed evaluative tiers in our model.

Results and Conclusions
This model serves to inform interventions through the various levels of assessment, driven by evidence of need at the individual level in real time.
Medina® Embolization Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Safety and Angiographic Effectiveness at 6 Months
Authors: Sourour Nader-Antoine , Vande Perre Saskia , Maria Federico Di , Papagiannaki Chrysanthi , Gabrieli Joseph , Pistocchi Silvia , Bartolini Bruno , Degos Vincent , Carpentier Alexandre , Chiras Jacques , Clarençon Frédéric 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Medina Embolization Device (MED) is a new concept device that combines the design of a detachable coil and the one of an intrasaccular flow disruption device.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and 6- to 9-mo effectiveness of this new device for the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.

METHODS
Twelve patients (10 females, mean age = 56 yr) with 13 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms (3 ruptured; 10 unruptured) were treated by means of the MED from January 2015 to October 2015. In 15% of the cases, MEDs were used in a standalone fashion; in 85% of the cases, additional regular coils were used. Adjunctive compliant balloon was used in 4 of 13 cases (31%). Procedure-related complications were systematically recorded; discharge and 6- to 9-mo follow-up modified Rankin Scale was assessed. Angiographic follow-up was performed with a mean delay of 5.5 ± 1.7 mo. Occlusion rate was evaluated in postprocedure and at midterm follow-up using the Roy–Raymond scale.

RESULTS
The deployment of the MED was feasible in all cases. No perforation was recorded. One case of thromboembolic complication was observed in a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, without any clinical consequence at follow-up. Grade A occlusion rate was 61.5% in postprocedure and 83% at 6-mo follow-up. Two cases (17%) of recanalization were documented angiographically.

CONCLUSION
The MED is a new generation device combining the design of a detachable coil and an intrasaccular flow disruption device. According to our early experience, this device is safe and provides a satisfactory occlusion rate at angiographic follow-up of 6 mo.
Microbiological Etiology and Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Jääskeläinen Iiro H. , Hagberg Lars , Forsblom Erik , Järvinen Asko 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Diabetes is a major risk factor for skin and skin structure infection (SSSI), and the global burden of diabetics with SSSI is enormous. The more complex microbiology of diabetic foot infection (DFI) is well established, but it is not known whether microbiological etiology differs between diabetics and nondiabetics in other disease entities under the umbrella of complicated SSSI (cSSSI).

Methods
This retrospective, population-based study included patients with cSSSI, and it was conducted in 2 Nordic cities with a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. In analyses, patients (N = 460) were separated into 3 groups: diabetics (n = 119), nondiabetics (n = 271), and patients with DFI (n = 70).

Results
After exclusion of patients with DFI, there was no difference in the microbiological etiology or initial antimicrobial treatment of cSSSI between diabetics and nondiabetics. Gram-positive bacteria encountered 70% of isolations in diabetics and 69% in nondiabetics, and the empirical treatment covered initial pathogens in 81% and 86% of patients, respectively. However, diabetes was the only background characteristic in the propensity score-adjusted analysis associated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial use and longer antibiotic treatment duration. Patients with DFI had Gram-negative and polymicrobial infection more often than nondiabetics.

Conclusions
These observations suggest that diabetics without DFI are not different in the causative agents of cSSSI, although they are more exposed to antimicrobial therapy of inappropriate extended spectrum and long duration. Broad-spectrum coverage was clearly needed only in DFI. A clear opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship was detected in the rapidly growing population of diabetic patients with cSSSI.
ALMA deep field in SSA22: Blindly detected CO emitters and [C ii] emitter candidates
Authors: Hayatsu Natsuki H. , Matsuda Yuichi , Umehata Hideki , Yoshida Naoki , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. Mark , Ivison Rob , Kohno Kotaro , Tamura Yoichi , Kubo Mariko , Iono Daisuke , Hatsukade Bunyo , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Kawabe Ryohei , Nagao Tohru , Inoue Akio K. , Takeuchi Tsutomu T. , Lee Minju , Ao Yiping , Fujimoto Seiji , Izumi Takuma , Yamaguchi Yuki , Ikarashi Soh , Yamada Toru 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report the identification of four millimeter line-emitting galaxies with the Atacama Large Milli/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in SSA22 Field (ADF22). We analyze the ALMA 1.1-mm survey data, with an effective survey area of 5 arcmin2, frequency ranges of 253.1–256.8 and 269.1–272.8 GHz, angular resolution of 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$7 and rms noise of 0.8 mJy beam−1 at 36 km s−1 velocity resolution. We detect four line-emitter candidates with significance levels above 6σ. We identify one of the four sources as a CO(9–8) emitter at z = 3.1 in a member of the proto-cluster known in this field. Another line emitter with an optical counterpart is likely a CO(4–3) emitter at z = 0.7. The other two sources without any millimeter continuum or optical/near-infrared counterpart are likely to be [C ii] emitter candidates at z = 6.0 and 6.5. The equivalent widths of the [C ii] candidates are consistent with those of confirmed high-redshift [C ii] emitters and candidates, and are a factor of 10 times larger than that of the CO(9–8) emitter detected in this search. The [C ii] luminosity of the candidates are 4–7 × 108 L⊙. The star formation rates (SFRs) of these sources are estimated to be 10–20 M⊙ yr−1 if we adopt an empirical [C ii] luminosity–SFR relation. One of them has a relatively low S/N ratio, but shows features characteristic of emission lines. Assuming that at least one of the two candidates is a [C ii] emitter, we derive a lower limit of [C ii]-based star formation rate density (SFRD) at z ∼ 6. The resulting value of &gt;10−2 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 is consistent with the dust-uncorrected UV-based SFRD. Future millimeter/submillimeter surveys can be used to detect a number of high-redshift line emitters, with which to study the star formation history in the early universe.
Postoperative confusion in older adults
Authors: Segal-Gidan Freddi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe development of postoperative confusion in older patients is increasingly being recognized as clinically significant because it is becoming more common as the population ages. Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction differ in time course of development. Risk factors other than age include certain medications as well as anesthesia (both the type and amount used). Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction appear to increase a patient's risk for developing dementia. Routine preoperative screening may help to identify patients with preexisting cognitive impairment who are at greatest risk for developing postoperative delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
The Digital Drag and Drop Pillbox
Authors: Granger Bradi B. , Locke Susan C. , Bowers Margaret , Sawyer Tenita , Shang Howard , Abernethy Amy P. , Bloomfield Richard A. , Gilliss Catherine L. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
We present the design and feasibility testing for the “Digital Drag and Drop Pillbox” (D-3 Pillbox), a skill-based educational approach that engages patients and providers, measures performance, and generates reports of medication management skills.

Methods:
A single-cohort convenience sample of patients hospitalized with heart failure was taught pill management skills using a tablet-based D-3 Pillbox. Medication reconciliation was conducted, and aptitude, performance (% completed), accuracy (% correct), and feasibility were measured.

Results:
The mean age of the sample (n = 25) was 59 (36–89) years, 50% were women, 62% were black, 46% were uninsured, 46% had seventh-grade education or lower, and 31% scored very low for health literacy. However, most reported that the D-3 Pillbox was easy to read (78%), easy to repeat-demonstrate (78%), and comfortable to use (tablet weight) (75%). Accurate medication recognition was achieved by discharge in 98%, but only 25% reported having a “good understanding of my responsibilities.”

Conclusions:
The D-3 Pillbox is a feasible approach for teaching medication management skills and can be used across clinical settings to reinforce skills and medication list accuracy.
Update on adrenal insufficiency: diagnosis and management in pregnancy
Authors: Langlois Fabienne , Lim Dawn S.T. , Fleseriu Maria 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
Adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy, although relatively rare, has significant clinical implications on both maternal and fetal outcomes. Hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis dynamics and physiological changes are complex, thus diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy remain challenging.

Recent findings
Studies consistently demonstrate a rise in total serum cortisol with pregnancy, but less data are available on free cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol values have been measured in normal pregnancy and in a few studies using healthy nonpregnant women controls. Although this adds to our current knowledge of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis changes in pregnancy, clear-cut cortisol reference ranges are yet to be established. Serum cortisol and the cosyntropin stimulation test (albeit with higher peak cortisol thresholds) are currently the diagnostic tests of choice. Hydrocortisone is the preferred glucocorticoid replacement in pregnancy as it is inactivated by placental 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2; dose titration may be required, but should be individualized depending on clinical course and mode of delivery.

Summary
Further studies on the long-term effects of maternal glucocorticoid regimens on the fetus and potential modulators of fetal glucocorticoid sensitivity and placental 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 are needed and will be useful in guiding clinical management strategies in pregnant women with adrenal insufficiency.
Health-Related Quality of Life After the Diagnosis of Locally Advanced or Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zajdlewicz Leah , Hyde Melissa K. , Lepore Stephen J. , Gardiner Robert A. , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: March 2017

Background:Approximately 20% of men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer present with locally advanced or advanced disease. Few studies consider longer-term impact of disease progression and treatment adverse effects on health-related quality of life (QoL) of these men.Objective:Describe changes in health-related QoL over 5 years for men with newly diagnosed locally advanced or advanced prostate cancer.Interventions/Methods:Eighty-one men with locally advanced or advanced prostate cancer referred to the study by their treating urologist completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing distress, cancer-specific distress, decision regret, satisfaction with life, and global and disease-specific health-related QoL. Questionnaires were administered close to diagnosis (baseline), 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months’ follow-up.Results:Men were of mean age 68.3 (SD, 7.9) years and at mean of 31.9 (SD, 50.5) days postdiagnosis. The most common treatment received was androgen deprivation therapy (95.1%) or radiation therapy (79%). The proportion of men classified as distressed (Distress Thermometer) ranged from 46.3% (baseline) to 32.6% (60 months). Decrements in physical QoL were found at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months compared with baseline. Life satisfaction ratings were lower at 6 months compared with baseline. Sexual concerns were consistently high across the 5 years (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite <30).Conclusions:In the context of advanced disease, results indicate that health-related QoL fluctuates from diagnosis to 5 years later. A substantial proportion remained distressed at 5-year follow-up.Implications for Practice:Care frameworks supporting ongoing assessment of health-related QoL concerns of men with advanced prostate cancer are needed with a particular focus on sexual adjustment.
The Impact of Neonatal Simulations on Trainees’ Stress and Performance: A Parallel-Group Randomized Trial*
Authors: Lizotte Marie-Hélène , Janvier Annie , Latraverse Véronique , Lachance Christian , Walker Claire-Dominique , Barrington Keith J. , Moussa Ahmed 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Assess impact of neonatal simulation and simulated death on trainees’ stress and performance.

Design:
A parallel-group randomized trial (November 2011 to April 2012).

Setting:
Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, Canada.

Subjects:
Sixty-two pediatric trainees eligible, 59 consented, and 42 completed the study.

Interventions:
Trainees performed two simulations where a term neonate was born pulseless. They were randomized to start with either survival (manikin responded to appropriate resuscitation) or death scenario (manikin remained pulseless despite resuscitation).

Measurements and Main Results:
Performance was assessed using the Neonatal Resuscitation Program megacode score sheet by two reviewers. Subjective stress was assessed with a questionnaire. Three salivary cortisol (objective stress) values were compared: at baseline (T0: during lecture), presimulation (T1), and postsimulation (T2: after first scenario). Performance scores were similar in both groups in the first (83% vs 82%; p = 0.85) and second scenarios (82% vs 79 %; p = 0.87). Salivary cortisol levels at T0 (0.10 vs 0.10; p = 0.54), T1 (0.15 vs 0.11; p = 0.35), and T2 (0.23 vs 0.17; p = 0.23) did not differ between groups. Perceived stress level was six out of 10 in survival group versus seven out of 10 in death group (p = 0.19). Salivary cortisol increased significantly from T0 to T1 (p < 0.01). T2 cortisol levels were significantly higher than T1 (p< 0.001), yet this increase was not scenario dependent (p = 0.41) nor associated with performance on either scenario. Subscores for bag mask ventilation were lower than subscores for advanced resuscitation skills.

Conclusions:
Neonatal simulations cause significant anticipatory and participatory stress. Despite this, trainees’ performance score in simulation was over 80%. Simulated death did not impact performance, magnitude of rise in salivary cortisol level, and perceived stress level. Trainees performed better at advanced resuscitation skills (which are rarely needed) compared with basic skills routinely performed in practice.
The Relationship Between Mental Health, Disease Severity, and Genetic Risk for Depression in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Euesden Jack , Matcham Faith , Hotopf Matthew , Steer Sophia , Cope Andrew P. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Scott Ian C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Reduced mental health (MH) is prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although longitudinal studies are limited, there is evidence that depression is associated with worse disease outcomes. We evaluated reciprocal relationships between MH, RA severity, and genetic risks for depression for 2 years in a well-characterized cohort of RA patients.

Methods
We evaluated 520 early RA patients previously enrolled to two clinical trials. MH was measured using the short form-36 MH domain and mental component summary scores (MCS). MCS/MH associations over 2 years with disease activity (disease activity score on a 28-joint count), disability (health assessment questionnaire), pain visual analog scale scores, and a weighted genetic risk score for depression were tested using linear mixed-effects and regression models.

Results
Poorer MH was associated with worse RA outcomes. Lower MCS scores (indicating worse MH) were seen in patients with a greater genetic risk for depression (weighted genetic risk score: coefficient = −1.21, p = .013). Lower baseline MCS was associated with lower 2-year improvements in disease activity score on a 28-joint count (coefficient = −0.02, p < .001), pain (coefficient = −0.33, p < .001), and health assessment questionnaire (coefficient = −0.01, p = .006). Baseline MCS was associated with changes in the swollen joint count (coefficient = −0.09, p < .001) and patient global assessment (coefficient = −0.28, p < .001) but not the tender joint count (p = .983) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = .973). Only baseline pain visual analog scale (coefficient = −0.07, p = .002) was associated with 2-year changes in MCS.

Conclusions
Reduced baseline MH was associated with lower improvements in disease activity, disability, and pain for 2 years, supporting current national guidelines recommending screening for depression in RA. Pain had a bidirectional relationship with MH. Depression genetic risk had a significant association with MH.