bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Projection of Material Intensity: Evidence from the Global Economy and 107 Countries
Authors: Efthimiou George C. , Kalimeris Panos , Andronopoulos Spyros , Bartzis John G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe material intensity (MI) of the economy remains among the most widely cited indicators in international statistics and reports, evaluating the efficient use and productivity of natural resources in the economic process. In the context of the contemporary economy‐wide material flow accounting framework, the material intensity of a country is evaluated through the estimation of the ratio of the domestic material consumption (DMC) to the gross domestic product (GDP) index (DMC/GDP). Indeed, the essential contribution of natural resources to the economic process requires the establishment of reliable projections of this intricate relationship to the future. These projections may provide critical information to policy makers and practitioners in order to evaluate the future dynamics of the efficient use of natural resources in the production process. Toward this objective, the present study evaluates and proposes an alternative novel methodology for MI statistical projections, based on the beta distribution, by using a deterministic model for predicting the maximum expected values. The parameters of the deterministic model are calculated from the estimated MI of the global economy. The evaluation of the model is then performed by using MI estimates from 107 individual countries. The agreement between the model and the estimates is very good. The proposed method's merit is its simplicity, as by using two statistics of the material intensity (mean and variance) and an integral time scale, it is feasible to calculate the probabilities of the MI of any country with a high degree of confidence.
A Multicountry Perspective on Cultural Competence Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Cruz Jonas Preposi , Aguinaldo Alexis Nacionales , Estacio Joel Casuga , Alotaibi Abdullelah , Arguvanli Sibel , Cayaban Arcalyd Rose Ramos , John Cecily Helen Shaji , Machuca Contreras Felipe Aliro , Hussein Adraa , Idemudia Erhabor Sunday , Mohamed Shihab Aldeen Mourtada , Sebaeng Jeanette 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess cultural competence among nursing students from nine countries to provide an international perspective on cultural competence.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional design.MethodsA convenience sample of 2,163 nursing students from nine countries was surveyed using the Cultural Capacity Scale from April to November 2016.ResultsThe study found a moderate range of cultural competence among the students. The ability to teach and guide other nursing colleagues to display culturally appropriate behavior received the highest competence rating, while the ability to discuss differences between the client's health beliefs or behaviors and nursing knowledge with each client received the lowest competence rating. Differences in cultural competence were observed between students from different countries. Country of residence, gender, age, year of study, attendance at cultural‐related training, the experience of taking care of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds and patients belonging to special population groups, and living in a multicultural environment were identified as factors affecting cultural competence.ConclusionsThe international perspective of cultural competence among nursing students provided by this study serves as a vital preview of where nursing education currently stands in terms of providing the necessary preparatory competence in the cultural aspect of care. The variation of cultural competence among nursing students from different nations should serve as a cue for designing a focused yet multimodal nursing education program in guiding them to be culturally sensitive, culturally adaptive, and culturally motivated.Clinical RelevanceThe training of nursing students in providing competent culturally appropriate care should be ensured considering that adequate preparation of nursing students guarantees future competent nursing practice, which can positively impact the nursing profession in any part of the globe.
The Relationship of Person‐Environment Fit to Perceptions of Autonomy, Competency and Satisfaction Among Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hutchings B. Lynn , Chaplin Erica 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe overlay of age‐related cognitive and physical impairments onto existing intellectual and physical disabilities, a paucity of informal social relationships, a limited education and low income levels place the current generation of aging adults with intellectual disabilities at risk of premature behavioral limitations and increased dependency. Person‐environment fit and its relationship to perceptions of autonomy, competency, and satisfaction were explored through qualitative data collected from consumers. Face‐to‐face, in home interviews were conducted with 91 consumers who were asked to assess their own ability to carry out self‐care and household tasks. Interviewers then observed consumers performing these tasks. A multi‐stage data analysis process identified emergent themes that included issues related to autonomy versus dependence, belonging versus isolation, residential permanency versus transience, and social inclusion versus exclusion. The study also collected quantitative data, both from consumers and interviewers acting as observers. Consumer ratings of their own ability were consistently lower than observer ratings. Fostering home‐based independence and autonomy among people aging with developmental disabilities are discussed in relation to perspectives on the home environment.
Invasive Clinical Intervention Education for Social Care Support Workers of Adults: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Hoyle Louise , Brown Michael , Donaldson Jayne , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs with the general population, people with intellectual disabilities are ageing, are living longer often with coexisting complex needs and with more requiring care and support. The focus of care is community‐based rather than institutional and it is therefore necessary to ensure that the workforce responsible for delivering care has the appropriate knowledge and skills to safely deliver the interventions required. The aim of this review is to evaluate the scope of invasive clinical interventions (ICIs) that social care support workers (SCSWs) are currently delivering and the preparation received to undertake these procedures or the knowledge held about the intervention. A search of educational, health, psychology, and social science databases was conducted, using a variety of combinations of search words to detect relevant literature. Only five studies published between 1999 and 2013 were identified and included in the review. The evidence shows that education can improve social carers' knowledge and when education is undertaken it needs to involve both a theoretical and practice‐related component. The current evidence is limited due to the small number of studies identified and the limitations of the study designs that were adopted. More research is required to identify whether ICIs currently being delivered by these SCSWs and the effectiveness and appropriateness of the education staff are receiving in relation to these.
Clinical Characteristics of Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia Following Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion
Authors: Castel A. , Olby N.J. , Mariani C.L. , Muñana K.R. , Early P.J. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundProgressive myelomalacia (PMM) is a catastrophic disease associated with acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). Published data on the clinical characteristics of this disease are limited.ObjectiveTo describe the onset and progression of clinical signs of PMM in a large case cohort.AnimalsFifty‐one dogs, 18 with histopathologically confirmed PMM, 33 presumptively diagnosed based on clinical signs and diagnostic imaging.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs with confirmed IVDE and either a histopathologic diagnosis of PMM or a high clinical suspicion were identified by medical record search. Data on nature and progression of signs were extracted.ResultsTwenty‐four of 51 dogs were Dachshunds. T12–T13 was the most common site of disc extrusion (12 of 56), and 18 of 55 of mid‐to‐caudal lumbar discs (between L3 and L6) were affected. Onset of PMM signs ranged from present at first evaluation (17/51) to 5 days after presentation, with 25 of 51 cases developing signs within 48 hours. Progression of signs from onset of PMM to euthanasia or death, excluding 7 cases euthanized at presentation, ranged from 1 to 13 days with 23 being euthanized within 3 days. Nonspecific systemic signs were documented in 30 of 51 dogs.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe majority of dogs developed PMM within 2 days of presentation and was euthanized within another 3 days. However, onset can be delayed up to 5 days after presentation with progression to euthanasia taking as long as 2 weeks. Mid‐to‐caudal lumbar discs might be associated with an increased risk of PMM.
Maternal plasma cholesterol and duration of pregnancy: A prospective cohort study in Ghana
Authors: Oaks Brietta M. , Stewart Christine P. , Laugero Kevin D. , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Lartey Anna , Vosti Stephen A. , Ashorn Per , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLow plasma cholesterol may be associated with preterm birth; however, results are mixed and limited primarily to high‐income countries. Our objective was to determine whether maternal plasma lipid concentrations are associated with pregnancy duration. We performed a nested cohort (n = 320) study of pregnant Ghanaian women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were analyzed in plasma at ≤20and 36 weeks gestation as continuous variables and also categorized into low, referent, or high (<10th, 10th–90th, >90th percentile). At ≤20 weeks, plasma lipid concentrations were not associated with pregnancy duration. At 36 weeks, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not associated with pregnancy duration. Higher HDL‐C at 36 weeks was associated with a longer pregnancy duration (adjusted β‐coefficient ± standard error: 0.05 ± 0.02 days mg−1/dL,p = .02); pregnancy duration was 5.9 ± 2.0 (mean ± standard error) days shorter among women with low HDL‐C compared with the referent group (10th–90th percentile) (p = .02) and 8.6 ± 2.6 days shorter when compared with the high HDL‐C group (p = .003). Pregnancy duration was 4.9 ± 2.1 days longer among women with low low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol at 36 weeks gestation when compared with the referent group (p = .051). Our data suggest that low HDL‐C in the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with a shorter duration of pregnancy in this study population but do not support the hypothesis that low total cholesterol is associated with a shorter pregnancy duration.
Jumping genes: Genomic ballast or powerhouse of biological diversification
Authors: Choudhury Rimjhim Roy , Parisod Christian 
Published: September 2017

Studying hybridization has the potential to elucidate challenging questions in evolutionary biology such as the nature of adaptive genetic variation and reproductive isolation. A growing body of work highlights that the merging of divergent genomes goes beyond the reshuffling of standing variation from related species and promotes mutations (Abbott et al., ). However, to what extent such genome instability generates evolutionary significant variation remains largely elusive. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Dennenmoser et al. () report considerable dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) in a recent invasive fish species of hybrid origin (Cottus; Figure ). It adds to the recent examples from plants to support TE‐specific genome variation following hybridization. Insights from early, as well as established, hybrids are largely coherent with increased TE activity, and this fish system thus represents an inspiring opportunity to further address the possible association between genome dynamics and “rapid evolution of hybrid species.” This work based on genome (re)sequencing contrasts with prior transcriptomics or PCR‐based studies of TEs and illustrates how unprecedented amount of information promises a better understanding of the multiple patterns of variation across eukaryotic genomes; provided that we get the better of methodological advances. As discussed here, unbiased assessment of TE variation from genome surveys indeed remains a challenge precluding firm conclusions to be reached about the evolutionary significance of TEs. Despite methodological and conceptual developments that appear necessary to unambiguously uncover the unexplored iceberg below the known tip, the role of coding genes vs. TEs in promoting adaptation and speciation might be clarified in a not so remote future.
The feruloyl esterase genes are required for full pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen Valsa mali
Authors: Xu Ming , Gao Xiaoning , Chen Jiliang , Yin Zhiyuan , Feng Hao , Huang Lili 
Published: September 2017

SummaryApple Valsa canker, caused by the fungus Valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in East Asia. Feruloyl esterases (ferulic acid esterases, FAEs), which belong to a subclass of carboxylic esterases, can cleave ester bonds that crosslink hydroxycinnamic acids and arabinoxylans or certain pectins in plant cell walls. However, a pathogenic role of FAE has not been demonstrated in plant‐pathogenic fungi. In this study, the FAE gene family, including one type A, one type B, three type C and two type D FAE genes, was identified in V. mali. Five of the seven FAE genes had highly elevated transcript levels in V. mali–apple tree bark interactions compared with mycelia grown in axenic culture. Signal peptides of the VmFAEs were confirmed using yeast signal sequence trap assays. To examine whether FAEs are required for the pathogenicity of V. mali, seven single‐ and six double‐gene deletion mutants were generated. Compared with the wild‐type, three of the seven FAE single‐deletion mutants showed significantly reduced pathogenicity and three of the six FAE double‐deletion mutants exhibited greater reductions in pathogenicity, suggesting the joint action of FAEs in the V. mali–apple tree interaction. Most of the FAE mutants that exhibited a significant reduction in pathogenicity had significantly lower FAE activity than the wild‐type fungus. These results indicate that secreted FAEs are required for the full pathogenicity of the phytopathogenic fungus V. mali.
Weaving Together Theory, Research, Practice, and Teaching: A Four‐dimensional Approach to Negotiation and Conflict Management Work
Authors: Ebner Noam , Parlamis Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article, we suggest a new paradigm for writing on negotiation and conflict management that integrates theory, research, practice, and teaching. While there might be an implicit understanding that such integration is key to advancing the field, we make this explicit. Highlighting the critical aspects of this relationship, we call for a four‐dimensional approach to writing in the negotiation and conflict management field. We suggest that adopting such systematic and intentional exploration of all four dimensions should be the default approach to writing on negotiation and conflict management topics. We provide brief summaries of the articles presented in the special issue and discuss the essence, origins, and weighting of the four dimensions in each paper. Finally, we suggest that this four‐dimensional approach might have ramifications for the field's work, in areas other than writing.
The causal relationship in North American energy production
Authors: Wilmot Neil A. , Taivan Ariuna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCrude oil and natural gas production is examined to investigate the cross‐country causal relationship and interconnectedness of these markets, within the North American context. A vast infrastructure network, consisting of pipelines and railroads that connect the US and Canadian markets, with virtually all of Canada's crude oil and natural gas exports flowing south. The study is undertaken within the context of the recent US shale energy revolution based on technological advancements in drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Unique to this study is the use of production data, rather than the archetypal energy prices, to investigate the presence of bilateral relationships. Monthly, country level data on crude oil and natural gas production, over the period 2002 through 2015, is utilised. The results of standard unit root tests indicate that the production series are non‐stationary in levels, while cointegration test indicate that the markets are integrated. A bidirectional relationship is found for the crude oil market. In contrast, a unidirectional relationship is observed in the gas market – US natural gas production causes Canadian natural gas production.
Complex bud architecture and cell‐specific chemical patterns enable supercooling of Picea abies bud primordia
Authors: Kuprian Edith , Munkler Caspar , Resnyak Anna , Zimmermann Sonja , Tuong Tan D. , Gierlinger Notburga , Müller Thomas , Livingston David P. , Neuner Gilbert 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBud primordia of Picea abies, despite a frozen shoot, stay ice free down to −50 °C by a mechanism termed supercooling whose biophysical and biochemical requirements are poorly understood.Bud architecture was assessed by 3D—reconstruction, supercooling and freezing patterns by infrared video thermography, freeze dehydration and extraorgan freezing by water potential measurements, and cell‐specific chemical patterns by Raman microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging.A bowl‐like ice barrier tissue insulates primordia from entrance by intrinsic ice. Water repellent and densely packed bud scales prevent extrinsic ice penetration. At −18 °C, break‐down of supercooling was triggered by intrinsic ice nucleators whereas the ice barrier remained active. Temperature‐dependent freeze dehydration (−0.1 MPa K−1) caused accumulation of extraorgan ice masses that by rupture of the shoot, pith tissue are accommodated in large voids. The barrier tissue has exceptionally pectin‐rich cell walls and intercellular spaces, and the cell lumina were lined or filled with proteins, especially near the primordium. Primordial cells close to the barrier accumulate di, tri and tetrasaccharides.Bud architecture efficiently prevents ice penetration, but ice nucleators become active inside the primordium below a temperature threshold. Biochemical patterns indicate a complex cellular interplay enabling supercooling and the necessity for cell‐specific biochemical analysis.
Attachment network structure as a predictor of romantic attachment formation and insecurity
Authors: Freeman Harry , Simons Jeffrey 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a new framework to conceptualize normative variation in attachment network structure and use the framework to predict romantic attachment formation and attachment insecurity. Young adults (N = 2,055) completed the Attachment Network Questionnaire and were classified into one of four network types based on two comparisons: (a) between their primary and secondary figure, and (b) between their secondary and tertiary figure. Each comparison was coded as Similar (S) or Different (D), resulting in the following distribution across four network types: (a) 40% D:D—diversified; (b) 32% D:S—monotropic; (c) 19% S:D—joint principal; and (d) 9% S:S—distributed. Romantic duration predicted a developmental sequence of network structure consistent with infant attachment formation. Findings also indicated that the nonhierarchical network, distributed type, was associated with insecure attachment representations. Results suggest that attachment networks exhibit greater structural diversity than is commonly assumed and that the new framework is useful for understanding developmental and social outcomes.
Links between friends’ behaviors and the emergence of leadership in childhood: A genetically informed study of twins
Authors: Rivizzigno Alessandra S. , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing a genetically informed design, this study examined whether children's leadership behavior varied as a function of their reciprocal friends’ behavioral characteristics. Specifically, we tested (a) whether friends’ use of a dual strategy (specifically, indirect aggression with prosocial behavior) was associated with children's leadership behavior and (b) whether, in line with a gene‐environment interaction (GxE), the predictive association between friends’ behaviors and children's leadership behavior varied depending on the child's genetic likelihood for leadership. The sample comprised 239 Monozygotic and same‐sex Dizygotic twin pairs (50% boys) assessed in grade 4 (mean age = 10.4 years, SD = 0.26). Reciprocal friendship and children's and their friends’ prosocial, indirectly aggressive, and physically aggressive behaviors were measured via peer nominations. Children's and friends’ leadership was measured through teacher ratings. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that children's genetic likelihood for leadership was positively associated with their leadership behavior. Moreover, the higher their genetic likelihood for leadership, the more children displayed increased leadership behavior when friends showed a combination of indirect aggression and prosocial behavior (GxE). These results underline the role of friends’ behaviors in explaining children's leadership. Socializing with bistrategic friends seems to foster leadership skills especially in children with a genetic likelihood for leadership.
Im/Mobility and Deportability in Transit: Lesvos Island, Greece, June 2015
Authors: Franck Anja K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOver the course of the so‐called ‘European refugee crisis’ hundreds and thousands of refugees have arrived to the Greek island of Lesvos. In order to obtain permission to leave the island, and thus continue their journeys towards northern Europe, arriving refugees first have to go through a registration process. During 2015, this registration resulted in refugees being given an ‘administrative deportation order,’ which de jure expelled the refugees from Greek territory but de facto allowed them to leave the island and continue their travels. This ‘administrative deportation order’ was therefore pursued by the arriving refugees as a ‘travel’ rather than ‘expulsion’ document. Following the experiences of a group of Syrian refugees in their endeavors to get registered and leave the island of Lesvos in June 2015, this paper illustrates how refugees actively navigate the systems that govern their (im)mobility – and how their alternative reading and usage of the administrative deportation order also has broader political consequences.
Statistics using just one formula
Authors: Rosenthal Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis article advocates that introductory statistics be taught by basing all calculations on a single simple margin‐of‐error formula and deriving all of the standard introductory statistical concepts (confidence intervals, significance tests, comparisons of means and proportions, etc) from that one formula. It is argued that this approach will better emphasize the core concepts and commonality of statistics and range of statistical applications, without forcing the students to memorize lots of different equations.