bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex situ cultivation entails high risk of seed dormancy loss on short‐lived wild plant species
Authors: Ensslin Andreas , Van de Vyver Ann , Vanderborght Thierry , Godefroid Sandrine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChanges in life‐history traits such as seed dormancy during cultivation of wild plant species in ex situ facilities could jeopardize conservation actions including revegetation and plant reintroductions, but the magnitude of these risks and their spread across different plant taxa is unknown.We explored whether plants cultivated in the Botanic Garden Meise differ in seed germination characteristics from plants from natural populations. Using a Bayesian approach of a phylogenetically informed generalized linear mixed model, we analysed germination tests of 72 herbaceous plant species from 27 plant families, originating from the cultivation beds in Meise as well as directly from wild populations. We investigated whether garden‐collected seeds differ in germination percentage, seed dormancy and germination speed from wild‐collected seeds. Furthermore, by analysing literature‐collected information of 24 life‐history traits, we sought to identify potential selection pressures causing these germination changes in order to refine conservation protocols and practices.We found a strong increase of germination percentage and a loss of seed dormancy in garden seeds compared to wild seeds across all species. However, these differences vanished with increasing storage time of the seeds as a result of decreased seed viability with seed ageing over time.Furthermore, traits associated with the life span of the species influenced the germination difference between cultivated and wild seeds, and short‐lived species were particularly vulnerable to the loss of dormancy, while no difference could be detected between wild and cultivated perennial species.Synthesis and applications. Through a multispecies approach, we show that dormancy loss is a common phenomenon in ex situ collections of short‐lived wild plant species. This has wide implications for the use and procedure of ex situ‐reared plant material for restoration and reintroduction measures. We suggest that effective dormancy breaking and temporal distribution of seedling plantation during propagation should be incorporated in restoration and reintroduction protocols to minimize unwanted changes in seed traits. Furthermore, we caution against the use of seeds from cultivated plants for basic seed ecology research such as germination requirements and seed storage behaviour.
Ameliorative effects of riboflavin on acetic acid‐induced colonic injury in rats
Authors: Karakoyun Berna , Ertaş Büşra , Yüksel Meral , Akakın Dilek , Çevik Özge , Şener Göksel 
Published: November 2017

SummaryRiboflavin (RF) has been found to be a promising antioxidant and/or anti‐inflammatory agent in several studies. However, the effect of RF against acetic acid (AA)‐induced colonic injury is currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidant and protective effects of RF in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Starting immediately after the colitis induction (AA+RF group) or 1 week before the colitis induction (RF+AA+RF group), the rats were treated with RF (25 mg/kg per day; p.o.) for 3 days. The control and AA groups received saline (1 mL; p.o.) whereas AA+SS group (positive control) received sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg per day; p.o.) for 3 days. Colonic samples were taken for the biochemical and histological assessments on the third day. High damage scores, elevated tissue wet weight index (WI), tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels and chemiluminescence values, and a pronounced decrease in antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels of the AA group were all reversed by RF pretreatment (RF+AA+RF group) and SS treatment (AA+SS group) (P < .05‐.001). Tissue WI, MPO activity and GSH levels were not statistically changed in the AA+RF group. Western blot analysis revealed that the decreased protein expressions of tissue collagen (COL) 1A1, COL3A1 and transforming growth factor‐β1 in the AA group were elevated in all the treatment groups (P < .05‐.001). In conclusion, RF exerts both the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects against AA‐induced colonic inflammation by suppressing neutrophil accumulation, inhibiting reactive oxidant generation, preserving endogenous glutathione, improving oxidative DNA damage and regulating inflammatory mediators, suggesting a future potential role in the treatment and prevention of ulcerative colitis.
Resveratrol protects Leydig cells from nicotine‐induced oxidative damage through enhanced autophagy
Authors: Liu Shengxian , Sun Yuqin , Li Zhaomin 
Published: November 2017

SummarySome studies have revealed that nicotine can damage the male reproductive system through various means including oxidative stress, which is a primary factor in the pathogenesis of male infertility. The strong anti‐oxidative capacity of resveratrol has been demonstrated previously, but its role in the context of male reproduction remains inconclusive. To explore the biological role of resveratrol in protecting male reproductive function and the potential underlying mechanism, nicotine‐induced Leydig cells were used as a cell model of oxidative damage. The data showed that resveratrol treatment increased cell viability, SOD activity and anti‐apoptotic activity in nicotine‐stressed Leydig cells. This effect was accompanied by the upregulation of autophagy, which was illustrated by MDC‐LysoTracker red staining. Moreover, pretreating with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated resveratrol‐induced Leydig cells autophagy and promoted apoptosis. Apart from this, resveratrol enhanced AMPK phosphorylation but reduced mTOR phosphorylation. Subsequently, upon inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation by AMPK inhibitors, Leydig cell autophagy induced by resveratrol was obviously abolished. In conclusion, resveratrol may exert its cytoprotective role against oxidative injury by the activation of autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
The relationship of character reading and spelling: A longitudinal study in Chinese
Authors: Li Liping , Wu Xinchun , Cheng Yahua , Nguyen Thi Phuong 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between character reading and spelling and to explore the role of reading‐related skills in Chinese literacy.MethodsA test battery that included measures of morphological awareness (homophone awareness and compound word awareness), orthographic awareness, rapid automatised naming, character reading, spelling, and IQ was administered to 127 first grade students from two primary schools in mainland China.ResultsControlling for IQ and age, the results of hierarchical regressive analyses revealed that prior reading affected subsequent spelling, and character reading Time 1 predicted spelling Time 2, β value was 0.20; character reading Time 2 predicted spelling Time 3, β value was 0.40. However, prior spelling did not affect subsequent reading. In addition, compound word awareness Time 2 and orthographic awareness Time 2 were found to mediate character reading Time 1 and spelling Time 3.ConclusionsThis study suggests that reading influences spelling across time points from grade 1 to grade 2, and compound word awareness and orthographic awareness play important mediator roles in the process.
The moral economy of ready‐made food
Authors: Wheeler Kathryn 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to develop and apply a framework to explore how moralities of consumption are constituted in and through markets. Using the case of ready‐made foods, this paper argues moral economies are comprised through interactions between micro‐, meso‐ and macro‐level processes in the form of instituted systems of provision, state regulation, collective food customs promoted though media, NGOs and lifestyle practitioners, and the everyday reflections of consumers. Building on a theoretical framework developed to understand the moral economy of work and employment (Bolton and Laaser 2013), this paper explores how markets for ready‐made food are incessantly negotiated in the context of moral ideas about cooking, femininity and individual responsibility. It focuses on ‘new’ market innovations of fresh ready‐to‐cook meal solutions and explores how these products are both a response to moralizing discourses about cooking ‘properly’, as well as an intervention into the market that offers opportunities for new moral identities to be performed. Using data gathered from interviews with food manufacturers and consumers, I advocate for a multi‐layered perspective that captures the dynamic interplay between consumers, markets and moralities of consumption.
Survey of disability‐related content in Australian dietetics programs
Authors: Butler Shannon , Kellett Jane , Bacon Rachel , Byron Annette 
Published: November 2017

AimNutrition and dietetic services are an important component of healthcare for people living with a disability. The introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia is providing more opportunities for individuals to access these services from an Accredited Practising Dietitian (APD). The aim of this research was to identify how students in Australian tertiary dietetics programs are being prepared to provide these services to people with a disability.MethodsA purpose‐built questionnaire with eight open‐ended questions was developed by the researchers to describe the disability‐related content of university and professional placement learning opportunities and was distributed to all course conveners (or their nominated representative) of dietetics programs accredited by the Dietitians Association of Australia. The qualitative data were analysed using a descriptive approach. Responses were sorted into response category themes and counted to identify common themes.ResultsA representative from 14 of 18 programs (78% response rate) participated in the survey in September and October 2016. Results indicated that although 12 programs incorporate disability‐related topics into the curriculum, content was inconsistent and of varying depths. Four programs offered a disability‐specific placement opportunity and nine discussed the NDIS to varying degrees.ConclusionsIt is important that graduates are provided with adequate learning opportunities in the area of disability to ensure that they are prepared for entry‐level practise in this area. Further research may provide insight into the skills, knowledge and behaviours used by APDs working in disability to identify those that need to be strengthened in dietetics programs.
Development of Mayonnaise with Substitution of Oil or Egg Yolk by the Addition of Chia (Salvia Hispânica L.) Mucilage
Authors: Fernandes Sibele Santos , Mellado Myriam de las Mercedes Salas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChia mucilage is formed by the hydration of chia seeds and presents characteristics that potentiate its application as substitute of fat in several foods. In this study, mayonnaises were prepared with different levels of freeze‐dried chia mucilage instead of oil or egg yolk. The substitution of oil in mayonnaise promoted increased stability and texture parameters, and the mayonnaise substituted by egg yolk presented similar stability and texture parameters as the control mayonnaise. The substitution of oil in mayonnaise was about 50% with 45% oil substitution, whereas for the mayonnaise with 35% of egg yolk replacement it was about 0.94%. Sensorially, an inverse relation was found, the mayonnaises with substitution of the egg yolk that presented a smaller reduction of the lipid content, presented better sensory acceptance than the mayonnaise with substitution of the oil. Therefore, the results indicated that chia mucilage has potential to substitute part of the amount of oil in the mayonnaise formulation. As for the use of the mucilage in the substitution of the egg yolk, it is not possible to promote a significant reduction in the lipid content nor maintain emulsion stability.Practical ApplicationChia mucilage presents high emulsifying hability and water‐holding capacity that potentiabilize its use as a substitute for fat in various foods. Mayonnaises developed with up to 45% oil substitution by chia mucilage, presented a reduction in the lipid content by about 50%, an increasing stability and a good sensorial acceptance.
Reverse Effect ofOpuntia ficus‐indicaL. Juice and Seeds Aqueous Extract on Gastric Emptying and Small‐Bowel Motility in Rat
Authors: Rtibi Kaïs , Selmi Slimen , Saidani Khouloud , Grami Dhekra , Amri Mohamed , Sebai Hichem , Marzouki Lamjed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to compare the effects of juice and seeds on gastric emptying, small‐bowel motility and intestinal ion transport. Separate groups of rats were randomized to receive NaCl, increasing doses of juice (5, 10, and 20 mL/kg, b.w.) or seeds aqueous extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, b.w.). Simultaneously, two other groups were received, the reference drugs; clonidine (1 mg/kg) and yohimbine (2 mg/kg). The charcoal meal was used as a suspension for gastrointestinal motility test. The purgative action of juice was confirmed using the loperamide (5 mg/kg, p.o.) induced constipation. To evaluate the antisecretory effect, we were used as a hypersecretion agent, the castor oil at the dose of 5 mL/kg. Compared to the control and standard groups, we were showed that the prickly pear has an opposite effect on small‐bowel motility and gastric emptying. Indeed, the juice at various doses has a laxative effect of gastrointestinal transit in healthy and constipated‐rats. However, the aqueous extract of the seeds leads to a reduction of motility in normal rats which gives it a remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity, a notable intestinal fluid accumulation decline and electrolyte concentrations reestablishment. Moreover, orally juice administered at different doses accelerated the stomach emptying time in contrast to the seeds aqueous extract. More importantly, a significant variation in the phytochemical constituents levels between juice and seeds was found. These findings confirm the reverse therapeutic effects of this fruit in the treatment of digestive disturbances such as difficulty stool evacuation and massive intestinal secretion, likewise, the gastric emptying process perturbation.
Hours worked and patient visits provided by dentists in Australia
Authors: Brennan DS , Chrisopoulos S , Teusner DN 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to examine the numbers of hours worked and patient visits provided by age and gender of dentists in Australia, and compare with previous estimates to describe trends.MethodsData were collected from a random sample (N = 2961) of Australian dentists. Private sector dentists working in clinical practise were included in the analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 49% (N = 1345 dentists). Hours per year worked and number of patient visits per year were lower for dentists aged 65 years and older compared with younger dentists, and were higher for male compared with female dentists aged 35–45 to 55–64 years. Hours per year worked were lower in 2013–2014 than reported in 2009–2010, but the number of patient visits in 2013–2014 was similar to the previously reported estimate from 2009–2010.ConclusionsHours worked and visits provided were only lower among older dentists aged 65 years or more. Male dentists tend to work more hours per year and provide more patient visits per year than female dentists. Over the last decade, Australian dentists maintained a stable output of visits per year despite a trend towards fewer hours worked per year.
Revision of Scatella (Neoscatella) (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the New Zealand subregion
Authors: Costa Daniel N R , Mathis Wayne N , Marinoni Luciane 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe three species of the subgenus Neoscatella Malloch, 1933 within the genus Scatella Robineau‐Desvoidy, 1830 from the New Zealand subregion are revised: Scatella (Neoscatella) nelsoni Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926 and Scatella (Neoscatella) vittithorax Malloch, 1925 and a new species, Scatella (Neoscatella) moriori Mathis & Costa sp. nov., from Chatham Island. For perspective, diagnoses for Scatella and Neoscatella are provided, and to facilitate identification of Neoscatella and its species from the New Zealand subregion, keys to subgenera and species are provided as well as figures of wings and structures of male terminalia. Where information is available, we comment on the natural history of the species.
Marijuana use and associated motives in Colorado university students
Authors: Phillips Kristina T. , Lalonde Trent L. , Phillips Michael M. , Schneider Maryia M. 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesMarijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug among college students, with heavy use leading to negative outcomes. Use of marijuana for medical and recreational purposes in select U.S. states has been controversial, with concerns surrounding increased prevalence rates and harm. The current exploratory study aimed to assess marijuana use in college students in Colorado, demographic differences in frequency of use, and motives for using.MethodsCollege students (N = 300; 61% female) were recruited through introductory psychology courses and completed a series of questionnaires and a marijuana urine screen.ResultsAlmost three‐fourths of the sample reported lifetime use of marijuana. Sixty‐five percent used marijuana within the last year and 29% tested positive on the urine screen. Hurdle Poisson regression models with a subset of participants (n = 117) showed non‐Greek and freshman status were associated with increased number of days participants used marijuana in the last month. Problem marijuana use was positively associated with a range of motives—of note—motives focused on coping, boredom, alcohol, and food.Conclusions and Scientific SignificancePrevalence rates of marijuana use were high in this sample of college students in a state with legal recreational marijuana use. Particular students (eg, students who use marijuana to cope) may be at higher risk for problem marijuana use. Developing effective, tailored interventions for university students is warranted. (Am J Addict 2017;26:830–837)
Intravenous fluid therapy in acute pancreatitis: a critical review of the randomized trials
Authors: Thomson Andrew 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionFluid management is a cornerstone of treatment in acute pancreatitis (AP).MethodsIdentification of existing randomized prospective trials of patients with AP, in which intravenous fluid management was a significant parameter in the experimental design, was undertaken using the PubMed and ENDOBASE databases.ResultsIncluded patients in the seven studies identified were on the whole very unwell with deaths occurring in six trials. Fluid regimens in AP included crystalloid alone, combinations of crystalloid and colloid and in two studies, plasma. In most studies, patients with premorbid major organ failure and advanced age were excluded. Study entry within 6 h of presentation occurred in three trials. Initial fluid administration rates varied from 1 to 2 mL/kg/h to 15 mL/kg/h. Rapid fluid rates were associated with increased morbidity and mortality except in one study in which a high fluid regimen (20 mL/kg bolus within 4 h of presentation followed by 3 mL/kg) led to a better clinical outcome than a more conservative regimen. Use of Ringer's lactate led to improved surrogate outcome markers compared to that of normal saline in one study. Administration of colloid as part of the fluid management was associated with lower morbidity and lower fluid requirements.ConclusionRapid infusion of crystalloid very early in the course of AP may be beneficial but rapid infusion of fluid later in the course of the illness may be deleterious. Colloid administration and the use of Ringer's lactate solution in preference to normal saline may improve outcome.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and anastomotic dehiscence after colorectal surgery: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yeqian , Tang Stephen R. , Young Christopher J. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery protocols supports the post‐operative use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to minimize the use of opioids. However, there is an increasing concern on the impaired wound healing of anastomosis associated with NSAID use, potentially causing a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. The aim was to conduct a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association of NSAIDs with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery.MethodsA literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov. Studies identified were appraised with standard selection criteria. Data points were extracted and meta‐analysis was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses.ResultsSeventeen studies comprising of 26 098 patients were examined. The analysis of all studies showed a significantly lower rate of anastomotic dehiscence in the no‐NSAID group (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48–2.71, P < 0.00001). The analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrates similar dehiscence rates between both groups (P = 0.17). In subgroup analysis, non‐selective NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of anastomotic dehiscence (pooled OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.62–2.50, P < 0.00001). However, there was no difference in the incidence of anastomotic leakage between no‐NSAID group and selective NSAID group (P = 0.05).ConclusionUse of NSAIDs after colorectal surgery may be associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. It is important to balance between the benefits of faster post‐operative recovery and potential adverse effects of NSAIDs. Selective NSAIDs may be safer than non‐selective ones. More RCTs are warranted to further evaluate the relationship between anastomotic leakage and use of NSAIDs, especially selective ones.
Safety and efficacy of pomalidomide, dexamethasone and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Cohen Alexa , Spektor Tanya M. , Stampleman Laura , Bessudo Alberto , Rosen Peter J. , Klein Leonard M. , Woliver Thomas , Flam Marshall , Eshaghian Shahrooz , Nassir Youram , Maluso Tina , Swift Regina A. , Vescio Robert , Berenson James R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryImmunomodulatory drugs including thalidomide, lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide (POM), are effective for treating multiple myeloma (MM). POM has shown enhanced efficacy with dexamethasone (DEX). Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with bortezomib is US Food and Drug Administration‐approved for treating MM. PLD with LEN or thalidomide has shown efficacy for MM patients. LEN with DEX, PLD and bortezomib achieves high response rates. We evaluated the combination of POM with DEX 40 mg and PLD 5 mg/m2 with the latter two drugs administered on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 on a 28‐day cycle for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM patients. During Phase 1, the maximum tolerated dose of POM was 4 mg, and was used in Phase 2, which also required patients to be refractory to LEN. However, neutropenia ≥ grade 3 was observed in 10/17 (59%) patients, and the dose was lowered to 3 mg. Median PFS was 5·4 months (range, 0·3–29·0 + months). Overall response rates for patients in Phase 2 were 39% and 31% among subjects receiving POM at 3 mg and 4 mg, respectively, and clinical benefit rates were 51% and 44%, respectively. POM, PLD and DEX is a treatment option for relapsed/refractory MM patients including those who are refractory to LEN.