bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why are patients with blood cancers more likely to die without hospice?
Authors: Odejide Oreofe O. , Cronin Angel M. , Earle Craig C. , Tulsky James A. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDAlthough patients with blood cancers have significantly lower rates of hospice use than those with solid malignancies, data explaining this gap in end‐of‐life care are sparse.METHODSIn 2015, we conducted a mailed survey of a randomly selected sample of hematologic oncologists in the United States to characterize their perspectives regarding the utility and adequacy of hospice for blood cancer patients, as well as factors that might impact referral patterns. Simultaneous provision of care for patients with solid malignancies was permitted.RESULTSWe received 349 surveys (response rate, 57.3%). The majority of respondents (68.1%) strongly agreed that hospice care is helpful for patients with hematologic cancers; those with practices including greater numbers of solid tumor patients (at least 25%) were more likely to strongly agree (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.26‐3.52). Despite high levels of support for hospice in general, 46.0% felt that home hospice is inadequate for their patients' needs (as compared to inpatient hospice with round‐the‐clock care). Although more than half of the respondents reported that they would be more likely to refer patients to hospice if red cell and/or platelet transfusions were available, those who considered home hospice inadequate were even more likely to report that they would (67.3% vs 55.3% for red cells [P = .03] and 52.9% vs 39.7% for platelets [P = .02]).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that although hematologic oncologists value hospice, concerns about the adequacy of services for blood cancer patients limit hospice referrals. To increase hospice enrollment for blood cancer patients, interventions tailoring hospice services to their specific needs are warranted. Cancer 2017;123:3377‐84. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
VGLUT1 synapses and P‐boutons on regenerating motoneurons after nerve crush
Authors: Schultz Adam J. , Rotterman Travis M. , Dwarakanath Anirudh , Alvarez Francisco J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStretch‐sensitive Ia afferent monosynaptic connections with motoneurons form the stretch reflex circuit. After nerve transection, Ia afferent synapses and stretch reflexes are permanently lost, even after regeneration and reinnervation of muscle by motor and sensory afferents is completed in the periphery. This loss greatly affects full recovery of motor function. However, after nerve crush, reflex muscle forces during stretch do recover after muscle reinnervation and reportedly exceed 140% baseline values. This difference might be explained by structural preservation after crush of Ia afferent synapses on regenerating motoneurons and decreased presynaptic inhibitory control. We tested these possibilities in rats after crushing the tibial nerve (TN), and using Vesicular GLUtamate Transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid‐decarboxylase (GAD65) as markers of, respectively, Ia afferent synapses and presynaptic inhibition (P‐boutons) on retrogradely labeled motoneurons. We analyzed motoneurons during regeneration (21 days post crush) and after they reinnervate muscle (3 months). The results demonstrate a significant loss of VGLUT1 terminals on dendrites and cell bodies at both 21 days and 3 months post‐crush. However, in both cellular compartments, the reductions were small compared to those observed after TN full transection. In addition, we found a significant decrease in the number of GAD65 P‐boutons per VGLUT1 terminal and their coverage of VGLUT1 boutons. The results support the hypothesis that better preservation of Ia afferent synapses and a change in presynaptic inhibition could contribute to maintain or even increase the stretch reflex after nerve crush and by difference to nerve transection.
A novel approach for early evaluation of orthodontic process by a numerical thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Heidary Z. , Mojra A. , Shirazi M. , Bazargan M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to propose a novel method that provides an opportunity to evaluate an orthodontic process at early phase of the treatment. This was accomplished by finding out a correlation between the applied orthodontic force and thermal variations in the tooth structure. To this end, geometry of the human tooth surrounded by the connective soft tissue called the periodontal ligament and the bone was constructed by employing dental CT scan images of a specific case. The periodontal ligament was modeled by finite strain viscoelastic model through a nonlinear stress‐strain relation (hyperelasticity) and nonlinear stress‐time relation (viscoelasticity). The tooth structure was loaded by a lateral force with 15 different quantities applied to 20 different locations, along the midedge of the tooth crown. The resultant compressive stress in the periodontal ligament was considered as the cause of elevated cell activity that was modeled by a transient heat flux in the thermal analysis. The heat flux value was estimated by conducting an experiment on a pair of rats. The numerical results showed that by applying an orthodontic force to the tooth structure, a significant temperature rise was observed. By measuring the temperature rise, the orthodontic process can be evaluated.
Reactivity of Copper(III)–Oxo Complexes in the Gas Phase
Authors: Yassaghi Ghazaleh , Andris Erik , Roithová Jana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn efficient way to generate [(L)CuO]+ complexes with a number of monodentate and bidentate ligands (L) from their [(L)Cu(ClO3)]+ precursors by electrospray ionization was herein explored. Further, we studied [(L)CuO]+ with L=9,10‐phenanthraquinone, 1,10‐phenanthroline, and acetonitrile in detail. The signature of these terminal copper–oxo complexes was found to be elimination of the oxygen atom upon collisional activation. We investigated and compared their reactions with water, ethane, ethylene, and 1,4‐cyclohexadiene. The [(MeCN)CuO]+ complex oxidized water and performed C−H activation and hydroxylation of ethane. The complexes with bidentate ligands did not react with water and oxidized only larger hydrocarbons. All the investigated complexes showed comparable reactivities in the oxygen‐transfer reaction with ethylene.
A Robust, Water‐Based, Functional Binder Framework for High‐Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lacey Matthew J. , Österlund Viking , Bergfelt Andreas , Jeschull Fabian , Bowden Tim , Brandell Daniel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report here a water‐based functional binder framework for the lithium–sulfur battery systems, based on the general combination of a polyether and an amide‐containing polymer. These binders are applied to positive electrodes optimised towards high‐energy electrochemical performance based only on commercially available materials. Electrodes with up to 4 mAh cm−2 capacity and 97–98 % coulombic efficiency are achievable in electrodes with a 65 % total sulfur content and a poly(ethylene oxide):poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PEO:PVP) binder system. Exchange of either binder component for a different polymer with similar functionality preserves the high capacity and coulombic efficiency. The improvement in coulombic efficiency from the inclusion of the coordinating amide group was also observed in electrodes where pyrrolidone moieties were covalently grafted to the carbon black, indicating the role of this functionality in facilitating polysulfide adsorption to the electrode surface. The mechanical properties of the electrodes appear not to significantly influence sulfur utilisation or coulombic efficiency in the short term but rather determine retention of these properties over extended cycling. These results demonstrate the robustness of this very straightforward approach, as well as the considerable scope for designing binder materials with targeted properties.
SiMA: A simplified migration assay for analyzing neutrophil migration
Authors: Weckmann Markus , Becker Tim , Nissen Gyde , Pech Martin , Kopp Matthias V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn lung inflammation, neutrophils are the first leukocytes migrating to an inflammatory site, eliminating pathogens by multiple mechanisms. The term “migration” describes several stages of neutrophil movement to reach the site of inflammation, of which the passage of the interstitium and basal membrane of the airway are necessary to reach the site of bronchial inflammation. Currently, several methods exist (e.g., Boyden Chamber, under‐agarose assay, or microfluidic systems) to assess neutrophil mobility. However, these methods do not allow for parameterization on single cell level, that is, the individual neutrophil pathway analysis is still considered challenging. This study sought to develop a simplified yet flexible method to monitor and quantify neutrophil chemotaxis by utilizing commercially available tissue culture hardware, simple video microscopic equipment and highly standardized tracking. A chemotaxis 3D µ‐slide (IBIDI) was used with different chemoattractants [interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), fMLP, and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)] to attract neutrophils in different matrices like Fibronectin (FN) or human placental matrix. Migration was recorded for 60 min using phase contrast microscopy with an EVOS®FL Cell Imaging System. The images were normalized and texture based image segmentation was used to generate neutrophil trajectories. Based on these spatio‐temporal information a comprehensive parameter set is extracted from each time series describing the neutrophils motility, including velocity and directness and neutrophil chemotaxis. To characterize the latter one, a sector analysis was employed enabling the quantification of the neutrophils response to the chemoattractant. Using this hard‐ and software framework we were able to identify typical migration profiles of the chemoattractants IL‐8, fMLP, and LTB4, the effect of the matrices FN versus HEM as well as the response to different medications (Prednisolone). Additionally, a comparison of four asthmatic and three non‐asthmatic patients gives a first hint to the capability of SiMA assay in the context of migration based diagnostics. Using SiMA we were able to identify typical migration profiles of the chemoattractants IL‐8, fMLP, and LTB4, the effect of the matrices FN versus HEM as well as the response to different medications, that is, Prednisolone induced a change of direction of migrating neutrophils in FN but no such effect was observed in human placental matrix. In addition, neutrophils of asthmatic individuals showed an increased proportion of cells migrating toward the vehicle. With the SiMA platform we presented a simplified but yet flexible platform for cost‐effective tracking and quantification of neutrophil migration. The introduced method is based on a simple microscopic video stage, standardized, commercially available, µ‐fluidic migration chambers and automated image analysis, and track validation software. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Advanced consumable‐free morphological analysis of intact red blood cells by a compact scanning flow cytometer
Authors: Gilev K.V. , Yastrebova E.S. , Strokotov D.I. , Yurkin M.A. , Karmadonova N.A. , Chernyshev A.V. , Lomivorotov V.V. , Maltsev V.P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhereas modern automated blood cell analyzers measure the volume of individual red blood cells (RBCs), leading to four RBC indices (mean corpuscular volume, MCV; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC; red cell distribution width, and RDW), the RBC shape has not been assessed by clinical screening tools. We applied the scanning flow cytometer (SFC) for complete characterization of intact RBC morphology in terms of diameter, maximal and minimal thicknesses, volume, surface area, sphericity index, spontaneous curvature, hemoglobin concentration, and content. The above‐mentioned individual RBC characteristics were measured without fluorescent markers and other chemicals by a SFC equipped only with 660 nm laser for RBC illumination and single detector for measurement of angle‐resolved light scattering. The distributions over all RBC characteristics were constructed and processed statistically to form the novel 31 RBC indices for 22 donor samples. Our results confirm the possibility of precise, label‐free, enhanced morphological analysis of individual intact RBCs with compact single‐detector flow cytometer. Detailed characterization of RBCs with high statistics and precision can be used to increase the value of screening examinations and to reveal pathologies accompanied by abnormality of RBC shape. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Transmit‐sense‐receive–based cognitive antijamming for airborne ad hoc networks
Authors: Li Haitao , Qian Yiming , Liu Changjun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a transmit‐sense‐receive mode–based simultaneous transmit‐and‐receive cognitive antijamming (SCAJ) strategy is proposed to enhance spectrally efficient of airborne networks in congested electromagnetic spectrum environment. We explore the performance of spectrum sensing based on energy detection in SCAJ system. The tight close form expressions of jamming detection and false‐alarm probability are derived under different channels, the throughput of individual SCAJ system is analyzed, and SCAJ transceiver‐based airborne ad hoc network capacity is presented for air platform equipping with digital beamforming antennas. Simulation results show that proposed SCAJ technology can improve the antijamming capability and airborne ad hoc network capacity compared to the half‐duplex cognitive antijamming scheme. It is an effective approach to solve the problem of designing airborne networks arise from the limited availability of spectrum and the desire to provide much higher data rates.
Dual malignancy in a thyroid; papillary thyroid carcinoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma; a report of a case with a cyto‐histologic correlation
Authors: Ahmed Omar I. , Salih Ziyan T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Simultaneous involvement of the thyroid gland by multiple malignancies, is a rare occurrence. Similarly, primary thyroid lymphomas are also rare. We are reporting a rare case of a dual thyroid malignancy; PTC with secondary thyroid involvement by chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diagnosed on cytology and confirmed with flow cytometry, histology and immunohistochemistry. Imaging showed two hypermetabolic nodules, one in left parotid gland, and the other in the thyroid isthmus. Cytology smears showed features of PTC along with an atypical lymphocytic infiltrate, which co‐expressed CD5, CD19, and CD23 on flowcytometry analysis. Subsequent thyroidectomy showed the atypical lymphocytic infiltrate involving the PTC papillae themselves. The diagnosis of dual malignancies on thyroid FNA is extremely rare and often unexpected, but is possible using appropriate ancillary studies.
Postfire soil water repellency in piñon–juniper woodlands: Extent, severity, and thickness relative to ecological site characteristics and climate
Authors: Zvirzdin Daniel L. , Roundy Bruce A. , Barney Nicholas S. , Petersen Steven L. , Anderson Val J. , Madsen Matthew D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWildfires can create or intensify water repellency in soil, limiting the soil's capacity to wet and retain water. The objective of this research was to quantify soil water repellency characteristics within burned piñon–juniper woodlands and relate this information to ecological site characteristics. We sampled soil water repellency across forty‐one 1,000 m2study plots within three major wildfires that burned in piñon–juniper woodlands. Water repellency was found to be extensive—present at 37% of the total points sampled—and strongly related to piñon–juniper canopy cover. Models developed for predictingSWRextent and severity hadR2adjvalues of 0.67 and 0.61, respectively; both models included piñon–juniper canopy cover and relative humidity the month before the fire as coefficient terms. These results are important as they suggest that postfire water repellency will increase in the coming years as infilling processes enhance piñon–juniper canopy cover. Furthermore, reductions in relative humidity brought about by a changing climate have the potential to link additively with infilling processes to increase the frequency and intensity of wildfires and produce stronger water repellency over a greater spatial extent. In working through these challenges, land managers can apply the predictive models developed in this study to prioritize fuel control and postfire restoration treatments.
Differential impacts of shared parasites on fitness components among competing hosts
Authors: Friesen Olwyn C. , Poulin Robert , Lagrue Clément 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEffects of parasites on individual hosts can eventually translate to impacts on host communities. In particular, parasitism can differentially affect host fitness among sympatric and interacting host species. We examined whether the impact of shared parasites varied among host species within the same community. Specifically, we looked at the impacts of the acanthocephalanAcanthocephalus galaxii, the trematodesCoitocaecum parvumandMaritrema poulini, and the nematodeHedruris spinigera, on three host species: the amphipods,Paracalliope fluviatilisandParacorophium excavatum, and the isopod,Austridotea annectens. We assessed parasite infection levels in the three host species and tested for effects on host survival, behavior, probability of pairing, and fecundity.Maritrema pouliniandC. parvumwere most abundant inP. excavatumbut had no effect on its survival, whereas they negatively affected the survival ofP. fluviatilis, the other amphipod. Female amphipods carrying young had higherM. pouliniandC. parvumabundance than those without, yet the number of young carried was not linked to parasite abundance. Behavior of the isopodA. annectenswas affected byM. pouliniinfection; more heavily infected individuals were more active.Paracorophium excavatummoved longer distances when abundance ofC. parvumwas lower, yet no relationship existed with respect to infection by bothM. pouliniandC. parvum. The differential effects of parasites on amphipods and isopods may lead to community‐wide effects. Understanding the consequences of parasitic infection and differences among host species is key to gaining greater insight into the role of parasite mediation in ecosystem dynamics.
Interplay between climate and hydrogeomorphic features and their effect on the seasonal variation of dissolved organic matter in shallow temperate lakes of the Southern Andes (Patagonia, Argentina): a field study based on optical properties
Authors: Soto Cárdenas Carolina , Gerea Marina , Garcia Patricia E. , Pérez Gonzalo L. , Diéguez María C. , Rapacioli Raúl , Reissig Mariana , Queimaliños Claudia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of the interplay between climate seasonality and hydrogeomorphic (HGM) lake features on dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties in two neighbouring shallow lakes of Andean Patagonia with different connectivities. The survey was conducted over three years at the end of the wet and dry seasons, assessing the seasonal and interannual variation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, whole‐lake DOC mass, and DOM quality, through chromophoric and fluorescent DOM (CDOM and FDOM, respectively) properties. During the wet season (fall–winter), precipitation and runoff increased water discharge, water level, and inputs of terrestrial DOM with high aromaticity, humic content, and high molecular weight in both lakes. Contrastingly, during the dry season (spring–summer), in which photodegradation promoted by high irradiance and stagnant conditions drove DOM transformation, nonhumic, low‐molecular‐weight DOM prevailed. Both lakes displayed synchronicity in their DOC mass and CDOM and FDOM properties, indicative of similar responses to climate forcing, although the overall impact was modulated by their HGM features. Conversely, DOC concentration showed asynchronous responses between lakes, due to the higher intensity of the dilution or evapoconcentration processes in the connected lake, highlighting that DOC concentration is not always sensitive to climate‐driven forces. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of variables other than DOC concentration, like whole‐lake DOC mass, DOM quality, and HGM features, to better understand the effect of climate variability on DOM dynamics. Our results allow inferring the potential impact of an environmental scenario characterized by lower precipitation and sustained warming on DOM dynamics in Northern Andean Patagonia.
Possible mechanisms underlying abundance and diversity responses of nematode communities to plant diversity
Authors: Cortois Roeland , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Duyts Henk , Abbas Maike , Strecker Tanja , Kostenko Olga , Eisenhauer Nico , Scheu Stefan , Gleixner Gerd , De Deyn Gerlinde B. , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlant diversity is known to influence the abundance and diversity of belowground biota; however, patterns are not well predictable and there is still much unknown about the driving mechanisms. We analyzed changes in soil nematode community composition as affected by long‐term manipulations of plant species and functional group diversity in a field experiment with plant species diversity controlled by sowing a range of 1–60 species mixtures and controlling non‐sown species by hand weeding. Nematode communities contain a variety of species feeding on bacteria, fungi, plants, invertebrates, while some are omnivorous. We analyzed responses of nematode abundance and diversity to plant species and functional diversity, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the observed patterns. The abundance of individuals of all nematode feeding types, except for predatory nematodes, increased with both plant species and plant functional group diversity. The abundance of microbial‐feeding nematodes was related positively to aboveground plant community biomass, whereas abundance of plant‐feeding nematodes was related positively to shoot C:N ratio. The abundance of predatory nematodes, in turn, was positively related to numbers of plant‐feeding nematodes, but not to the abundance of microbial feeders. Interestingly, the numbers of plant‐feeding nematodes per unit root mass were lowest in the high‐diversity plant communities, pointing at reduced exposure to belowground herbivores when plants grow in species‐diverse communities. Taxon richness of plant‐feeding and microbial‐feeding nematodes increased with plant species and plant functional group diversity. Increasing plant functional group diversity also enhanced taxon richness of predatory nematodes. The SEM suggests that bottom‐up control effects of plant species and plant functional group diversity on abundance of nematodes in the various feeding types predominantly involve mechanistic linkages related to plant quality instead of plant quantity; especially, C:N ratios of the shoot tissues, and/or effects of plants on the soil habitat, rather than shoot quantity explained nematode abundance. Although aboveground plant properties may only partly serve as a proxy for belowground resource quality and quantity, our results encourage further studies on nematode responses to variations in plant species and plant functional diversity in relation to both quantity and quality of the belowground resources.