bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
County-level jail and state-level prison incarceration and cancer mortality in the United States
Authors: Zhao Jingxuan , Kajeepeta Sandhya , Manz Christopher R , Han Xuesong , Nogueira Leticia M , Zheng Zhiyuan , Fan Qinjin , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Chino Fumiko , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study examined the association of county-level jail and state-level prison incarceration rates and cancer mortality rates in the United States. Incarceration rates (1995-2018) were sourced from national data and categorized into quartiles. County- and state-level mortality rates (2000-2019) with invasive cancer as the underlying cause of death were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Compared with the first quartile (lowest incarceration rate), the second, third, and fourth quartiles (highest incarceration rate) of county-level jail incarceration rate were associated with 1.3%, 2.3%, and 3.9% higher county-level cancer mortality rates, respectively, in adjusted analyses. Compared with the first quartile, the second, third, and fourth quartiles of state-level prison incarceration rate were associated with 1.7%, 2.5%, and 3.9% higher state-level cancer mortality rates, respectively. Associations were more pronounced for liver and lung cancers. Addressing adverse effects of mass incarceration may potentially improve cancer outcomes in affected communities.
Prescribing a Green Future: A Review of Antimicrobial Waste in Pediatric Hospitals and Practices to Promote Healthcare Sustainability
Authors: Plattner Alexander S , Davidge Karen N , Schweiger Jennifer A , MacBrayne Christine E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pediatric hospitals are uniquely positioned to be impacted by antimicrobial waste. To explore this issue, we reviewed the current literature to identify the reasons, costs, and potential solutions to waste. Identified reasons for waste included weight-based dosing, medication order changes due to changing patient status, loss or expiration of doses, and medication errors. The cost of waste included financial costs, promotion of antimicrobial resistance, and generation of greenhouse gases. Proposed interventions to reduce waste included an early switch from intravenous to oral administration, required stop dates, standardized dosing times, and optimization of the pharmacy batching process. However, additional studies are needed to assess the potential correlation between these proposed interventions and waste reduction. Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been identified as a group that can play a crucial role in partnering to implement these interventions to potentially reduce antimicrobial waste and promote better healthcare sustainability.
Caregiver Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pediatric Infection-Related Outcomes
Authors: Day Melissa E , Duan Qing , Burkhardt Mary Carol , Klein Melissa , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P , Beck Andrew F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Higher caregiver-adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with multiple adverse pediatric outcomes. However, no studies have examined links between caregiver ACEs and infectious outcomes like antibiotic prescriptions or infection-related clinical encounters.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients from 2 pediatric primary care sites, serving predominantly non-Hispanic Black, publicly insured populations. Our outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions and infection-related ambulatory clinical encounters for children 0-3 years old. We captured these outcomes and additional covariates (demographics, health-related social risk screen results, and Socioeconomic Deprivation Index scores linked to geocoded street addresses) from the electronic health record. High (≥4) or low (≤3) caregiver ACEs, and individual ACE question answers, were our exposures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations with any antibiotic use. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the time to first antibiotic exposure and first infection-related visit.

Results
A total of 1465 children 0-3 years were included (50.0% female, 75.0% Black, and 2.6% Hispanic). High caregiver ACEs were not associated with pediatric antibiotic exposure. The presence of caregiver-witnessed parental abuse was associated with a higher likelihood of any antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR 1.90]; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 3.2) and time to first antibiotic exposure (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77; 95% CI 1.23, 2.56). Sexual abuse of the caregiver was associated with time to first infection-related clinical visit (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05, 1.53).

Conclusions
Certain caregiver ACEs were associated with pediatric antibiotic use and infection-related visits. Future studies need to evaluate underlying mechanisms and test effective clinical responses.
Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with PNU120596 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Hou Zixin , Yang Fengrui , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yuxia , Liu Junwen , Liang Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the potential therapeutic benefits of PNU120596, a positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a mouse model. Specifically, we sought to examine the impact of PNU120596 on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the context of ALI.

Methods
ALI was induced in mice by LPS administration, and the protective effects of PNU120596 were assessed. Lung injury, lung function, and the inflammatory response were evaluated. Additionally, the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was examined, along with the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers.

Key findings
PNU120596 significantly ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury, improved lung function, and reduced the inflammatory response in the mouse model of ALI. Furthermore, we observed that PNU120596 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which was associated with decreased levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers.

Conclusions
PNU120596 exhibits promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute lung injury, potentially by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that modulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with PNU120596 may offer a viable strategy for the management of ALI, warranting further investigation and potential clinical applications.
Whole Genomes Inform Genetic Rescue Strategy for Montane Red Foxes in North America
Authors: Quinn Cate B , Preckler-Quisquater Sophie , Buchalski Michael R , Sacks Benjamin N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A few iconic examples have proven the value of facilitated gene flow for counteracting inbreeding depression and staving off extinction; yet, the practice is often not implemented for fear of causing outbreeding depression. Using genomic sequencing, climatic niche modeling, and demographic reconstruction, we sought to assess the risks and benefits of using translocations as a tool for recovery of endangered montane red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations in the western United States. We demonstrated elevated inbreeding and homozygosity of deleterious alleles across all populations, but especially those isolated in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada ranges. Consequently, translocations would be expected to increase population growth by masking deleterious recessive alleles. Demographic reconstructions further indicated shallow divergences of less than a few thousand years among montane populations, suggesting low risk of outbreeding depression. These genomic-guided findings set the stage for future management, the documentation of which will provide a roadmap for recovery of other data-deficient taxa.
How to scan naked DNA using promiscuous recognition and no clamping: a model for pioneer transcription factors
Authors: Goluguri Rama Reddy , Ghosh Catherine , Quintong Joshua , Sadqi Mourad , Muñoz Victor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Most DNA scanning proteins uniquely recognize their cognate sequence motif and slide on DNA assisted by some sort of clamping interface. The pioneer transcription factors that control cell fate in eukaryotes must forgo both elements to gain access to DNA in naked and chromatin forms; thus, whether or how these factors scan naked DNA is unknown. Here, we use single-molecule techniques to investigate naked DNA scanning by the Engrailed homeodomain (enHD) as paradigm of highly promiscuous recognition and open DNA binding interface. We find that enHD scans naked DNA quite effectively, and about 200000-fold faster than expected for a continuous promiscuous slide. To do so, enHD scans about 675 bp of DNA in 100 ms and then redeploys stochastically to another location 530 bp afar in just 10 ms. During the scanning phase enHD alternates between slow- and medium-paced modes every 3 and 40 ms, respectively. We also find that enHD binds nucleosomes and does so with enhanced affinity relative to naked DNA. Our results demonstrate that pioneer-like transcription factors can in principle do both, target nucleosomes and scan active DNA efficiently. The hybrid scanning mechanism used by enHD appears particularly well suited for the highly complex genomic signals of eukaryotic cells.
Strong and efficient bismuth telluride-based thermoelectrics for Peltier microcoolers
Authors: Zhuang Hua-Lu , Cai Bowen , Pan Yu , Su Bin , Jiang Yilin , Pei Jun , Liu Fengming , Hu Haihua , Yu Jincheng , Li Jing-Wei , Wang Zhengqin , Han Zhanran , Li Hezhang , Wang Chao , Li Jing-Feng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Thermoelectric Peltier coolers (PCs) are being increasingly used as temperature stabilizers for optoelectronic devices. Increasing integration drives PC miniaturization, requiring thermoelectric materials with good strength. We demonstrate a simultaneous gain of thermoelectric and mechanical performance in (Bi, Sb)2Te3, and successfully fabricate micro PCs (2 × 2 mm2 cross-section) that show excellent maximum cooling temperature difference of 89.3 K with a hot-side temperature of 348 K. A multi-step process involving annealing, hot-forging and composition design, is developed to modify the atomic defects and nano- and microstructures. The peak ZT is improved to ∼1.50 at 348 K, and the flexural and compressive strengths are significantly enhanced to ∼140 MPa and ∼224 MPa, respectively. These achievements hold great potential for advancing solid-state refrigeration technology in small spaces.
Engineering spin-dependent catalysts: chiral covalent organic frameworks with tunable electroactivity for electrochemical oxygen evolution
Authors: Li Ziping , Xiao Yueyuan , Jiang Chao , Hou Bang , Liu Yan , Cui Yong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect offers promising prospects for spintronics, yet designing chiral materials that enable efficient spin-polarized electron transport remains challenging. Here, we report the utility of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in manipulating electron spin for spin-dependent catalysis via CISS. This enables us to design and synthesize three three-dimensional chiral COFs (CCOFs) with tunable electroactivity and spin-electron conductivity through imine condensations of enantiopure 1,1′-binaphthol-derived tetraaldehyde and tetraamines derived from 1,4-benzenediamine, pyrene, or tetrathiafulvalene skeletons. The CISS effect of CCOFs is verified by magnetic conductive atomic force microscopy. Compared with their achiral analogs, these CCOFs serve as efficient spin filters, reducing the overpotential of oxygen evolution and improving the Tafel slope. Particularly, the diarylamine-based CCOF showed a low overpotential of 430 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) at 10 mA cm−2 with long-term stability comparable to the commercial RuO2. This enhanced spin-dependent OER activity stems from its excellent redox-activity, good electron conductivity and effective suppression effect on the formation of H2O2 byproducts.
Pandemic shocks and macroprudential policy
Authors: Bratsiotis George J , Gloria Manuel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We introduce an extended borrower–saver DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) model, where classifications of occupations are split further into two subcategories, according to whether their occupation is directly “affected” by a pandemic shock. We find that, contrary to the standard literature, during a pandemic shock an increase in the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio can increase social welfare and make all four agent types (borrowers affected, borrowers non-affected, savers affected, and savers non-affected) better off. Countercyclical optimal LTV rules are shown to increase social welfare, with savers gaining at the expense of borrowers, including those mostly affected by the pandemic. An interest rate mortgage subsidy to those worst affected (“affected” mortgage borrowers), in coordination with stricter monetary and LTV policy, are shown to increase both social welfare and the welfare of borrowers and savers affected by the pandemic.
Phenotypic age mediates effects of Life's Essential 8 on reduced mortality risk in US adults
Authors: Zhao Yuxuan , Yang Haiming , Jiao Rong , Wang Yueqing , Xiao Meng , Song Mingyu , Yu Huan , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Gao Wenjing , Huang Tao , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Li Shengxu , Qi Lu , Li Liming , Sun Dianjianyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to find out whether phenotypic age could mediate the protective effects of a healthy lifestyle on mortality.

Methods
We included adult participants with available data for individual phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010 (three cycles) and linked mortality records until 31 December 2019. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated to evaluate the associations of PhenoAge and LE8 scores with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the proportional contribution of PhenoAge to the effect of LE8 on mortality risks.

Results
A 1-year increment in PhenoAge was associated with a higher risk of all-cause (HR = 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.05]) and cardiovascular (HR = 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.05]) mortality, independent of chronological age, demographic characteristics, and disease history. High level of LE8 (score: 80–100) was associated with a 3.30-year younger PhenoAge. PhenoAge was estimated to mediate 36 and 22% of the effect of LE8 on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). As for single-metric scores of LE8, PhenoAge mediated 30%, 11%, 9%, and 7% of the effects of the healthy diet, smoking status, blood pressure, and physical activity on all-cause mortality risk, respectively (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Adherence to LE8 recommendations slows phenotypic aging. PhenoAge could mediate the effect of LE8 on mortality risk.
The impact of intersectionality on the experience of medical trainees
Authors: Walker Zachary , Murphy Ellen , Sain Cody , Ohiomoba Ramael , Lasic Morana , Lanes Andrea , Ginsburg Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diverse trainees have different training experiences than non-diverse trainees; however, it has not been demonstrated if the number of diverse traits (DTs) (i.e. intersectionality) contributes to worse experiences. Our objective was to understand if the number of DTs a trainee has impacts their training experience. We distributed a survey to medical trainees at Mass General Brigham from 15/12/23 to 15/4/24. DTs were based on race/ethnicity, gender-identity, sexual orientation, birthplace, disability, and highest parental education. A total of 134 responses were obtained. Respondents with 1 DT were more likely to report dissatisfaction with the quality of their training compared to those with 0 DT (P = 0.03). However, this did not remain true for those with 2 or 3+ DT (P = 0.39, P = 0.59). Only respondents with 1 DT disagreed that they had similar opportunities for academic success to those of their peers (P = 0.03) and agreed that they had to work harder than others to be valued equally (P &lt; 0.01). Respondents with 3+ DTs felt that their institution was not diverse (P &lt; 0.01) and racist (P &lt; 0.01) compared to respondents with zero DTs. Therefore, trainees with DTs had different training experiences than trainees with zero DTs, but the number of DTs did not consistently correlate with the quality of their experience. We believe this data is important for administrators to understand how intersectionality effects the trainee experience. Additionally, we believe this data can be used to gauge disparities in education and create an avenue to address issues, such as discrimination, microaggressions, and low retention rate of diverse applicants.
How does health visiting in the first year of life vary by family characteristics? A longitudinal analysis of administrative data
Authors: Bunting C , Clery A , McGrath-Lone L , Liu M , Kendall S , Bedford H , Cavallaro F , Saloniki E C , Harron K , Woodman J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The health visiting service in UK promotes the health and wellbeing of families with young children and comprises a universal offer (three mandated contacts between birth and 12 months) and additional contacts based on need. We aimed to understand how the level of health visiting support received varies by family characteristics.

Methods
Using the Community Services Data Set linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, we identified 52 555 children in 10 local authorities with complete health visiting data for 12 months between April 2016 and March 2020. We analysed variation in health visiting contacts by deprivation, child ethnicity, maternal age, adversity and previous live births.

Results
41 340/52 555 children (79%) received the universal service; 63% received ≥1 additional contact and 25% received ≥3 additional contacts. The likelihood of receiving ≥3 additional contacts was greatest for children whose mothers had a history of hospital admissions relating to mental health, violence, self-harm or substance misuse (adjusted relative risk = 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.92).

Conclusions
Most families received health visiting support in addition to the universal service. Policymakers and commissioners should consider how health visiting services can be expanded or targeted more effectively to ensure all families receive the support they need.
The Question of Blanchot in Beckett’s Three Dialogues and The Unnamable
Authors: Berbic Adem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While the possible influence of the French writer Maurice Blanchot on Samuel Beckett’s writing has long been one of the more vexing questions in Beckett scholarship, textual echoes, thematic correspondences and circumstantial clues now make it likelier than not that Beckett encountered Blanchot’s writing in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The personal documents of Georges Duthuit—Beckett’s close friend in this period, during the writing of both Three Dialogues (1949) and the ‘Trilogy’ of novels (1951–1953)—shed further light on this connection. They suggest that Three Dialogues is a continuation of Beckett’s decades-long thought on habit, as first articulated in Proust (1930), and that Duthuit (re)introduced Beckett to Blanchot’s work at the time of writing Three Dialogues. This article explores connections between Blanchot’s Thomas l’obscur (1941) and ‘De l’angoisse au langage’ (1943), and published and manuscript versions of Beckett’s Three Dialogues and L’Innommable, as well as between the problematics posed by the latter two texts. Finally, it suggests that L’Innommable is not a reflection but a radicalization of Blanchot’s thought, such that Blanchot missed the full extent of its radicality in his own review of the novel.
Efficacy, safety and optimal intervention of belimumab for proliferative lupus nephritis patients in real-world settings: LOOPS registry
Authors: Sakai Hidenori , Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakayamada Shingo , Kubo Satoshi , Hanami Kentaro , Fukuyo Shunsuke , Yamaguchi Ayako , Miyagawa Ippei , Ueno Masanobu , Tanaka Hiroaki , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Ohkubo Naoaki , Funada Masashi , Matsunaga Satsuki , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the efficacy, safety and predictive factors of belimumab (BEL) in induction therapy for patients with proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) in real-world settings.MethodsPatients with biopsy-proven ISN/RPS class III or IV LN, with or without coexisting class V LN, who underwent standard of care (SoC), glucocorticoid (GC) and either mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide treatments were included. Participants were treated with SoC (SoC group, n = 32) or BEL and SoC (BEL+SoC group, n = 30). The primary end point was complete renal response (CRR) at 52 weeks.ResultsBaseline patient characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. The 52-week retention rate of BEL was 90.0%. The BEL+SoC group showed significantly higher CRR and primary efficacy renal response achievement at 52 weeks and significantly lower GC dosage, adverse events and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index scores. Multivariate analysis of CRR achievement at 52 weeks revealed that the lack of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improvement at 4 weeks was associated with CRR failure in the SoC group. A shorter duration (cut-off of 42 days) between the start of induction therapy and addition of BEL was also related to the CRR in the BEL+SoC group.ConclusionBEL, in addition to SoC, controls disease activity, reduces GC use and suppresses organ damage in case of proliferative LN. Earlier BEL induction within 6 weeks may help achieve CRR in treatment-resistant cases without eGFR improvement at 4 weeks after induction therapy.
Validation of the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group guideline on cancer risk stratification
Authors: Tang Iris Yan Ki , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Li Philip Hei , Li Wai Ling , Luk Lucas Tsz Ho , Chan Dennis , Ho Roy , Lai Billy Tin Lok , Lee Patrick Man Leung , Tang Vivian Hoi Shan , So Ho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adult-onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are associated with cancer. Guideline on cancer risk stratifications and screening in IIM patients was recently published, but their external validity remains verified. We evaluated its applicability and reliability among a Hong Kong IIM cohort.

Methods
The longitudinal observational cohort collected data from IIM patients fulfilling relevant classification criteria from eight rheumatology centres in Hong Kong. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were reviewed from 2004 to 2023. IIM patients were stratified into standard, intermediate or high-risk subgroups according to the IMACS guideline. The occurrence of malignancy at or after IIM diagnosis was analysed. Independent risk factors for cancer were evaluated.

Results
A total of 479 patients were included with 327 females (68.3%) and mean age of IIM diagnosis at 54.5 ± 13.6 years. In total, 214 (44.7%) and 238 (49.7%) patients were stratified to high and intermediate risk groups, respectively. Only 5.6% belonged to the standard-risk group. Sixty patients (12.5%) had cancer within 3 years of IIM diagnosis. Nasopharyngeal (25%), lung (21.1%) and breast (10.5%) were the top three cancers. Significantly more patients (44, 20.6%) in the high-risk group developed cancer within 3 years, compared with intermediate (6.7%, P &lt; 0.001) and standard-risk (0%, P = 0.009) groups. Risk factors for cancer included older age (OR: 1.048, 95%CI: 1.019–1.078), Gottron’s rash (OR: 2.453, 95%CI: 1.123–5.356), absence of interstitial lung disease (OR 2.695, 95% CI: 1.154–6.295), anti-TIF1g positivity (OR: 4.627, 95% CI: 2.046–10.461) and anti-SAE1 positivity (OR: 5.325, 95% CI: 1.271–22.300).

Conclusions
Our real-world study supported the accuracy of cancer risk stratification. The vast majority of IIM patients would be subjected to extensive cancer screening when the guideline was applied.