bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S1 guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of scabies – short version
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Feldmeier Hermann , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Geisel Bertram , Klinke‐Rehbein Sabine , Nast Alexander , Philipp Sandra , Sachs Bernhardt , Stingl Julia , Stoevesandt Johanna , Hamm Henning 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe goals of this German guideline are the improvement of diagnosis and therapy of scabies, the implementation of a coordinated action in outbreaks of scabies, and the control of this infestation in large migration or refugee flows.Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis is transmitted by direct skin‐to‐skin contact of sufficient duration. The infectivity of female mites when removed from patients does not exceed 48 hours at room temperature (21°C) and relative humidity of 40‐80%. The risk of infection rises proportionally to the number of mites on the skin and is particularly high in crusted scabies. As elderly persons tend to develop crusted scabies due to disease‐ or medication‐related immunosuppression, there is an increased risk for outbreaks of scabies at nursing homes and extended‐care facilities. The guideline contains detailed recommendations for management of such outbreaks. In refugees the prevalence of scabies is higher than in the general population in Germany, but the risk for outbreaks is not high. Scabies infestation should be considered when a recent onset of itching is associated with eczema and presence of burrows or comma‐like papules at predilection sites. It is confirmed by dermatoscopic detection of mites or by microscopic identification of mites, mite eggs or fecal matter (scybala) from skin scrapings.The treatment of choice for common scabies is topical permethrin 5% cream applied for 8‐12 hours. Permethrin can be considered for off‐label use also in infants of less than 3 months of age and pregnant women. For this group crotamiton is another option, which, besides benzyl benzoate, presents a good second line therapy for the other indications. Indications for oral ivermectin, which has just been licensed in Germany, include patients with immunosuppression, severe dermatitis, and low adherence.Crusted scabies is preferentially treated by a combination of topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. Affected patients should be isolated, and all contact persons should be treated. The guideline contains lists for additional measures, including possible treatment of contact persons, clothes, linen and other possibly infested articles.
Topical preparations and their use in dermatology
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe challenges of everyday clinical routine require dermatologists to have a basic knowledge of the composition of topical preparations as well as the regulatory background associated with their prescription. Proper selection, prescription, and application of topical preparations, depending on the respective indication, are key to professional and responsible medical practice. Problems commonly arise with respect to regulatory classifications (medicinal products, medical devices, or cosmetics), eligibility for reimbursement by the statutory health insurances (GKV), and insufficient declaration of vehicle systems. Apart from selecting the appropriate active substance and its proper concentration, choosing a suitable pharmaceutical (galenic) formulation – and thus utilizing the intrinsic effects thereof – is pivotal in enhancing the intended therapeutic effects. When prescribing individual formulations, dermatologists should, to the greatest extent possible, always resort to standardized extemporaneous preparations. Given the multitude of potential ingredients available for pharmaceutical formulations as well as the complexity resulting therefrom, arbitrary changes in quality or quantity of individual components are associated with a high risk of instability, thus jeopardizing safety and the rationale behind any given formulation. Optimal use of topical preparations also requires basic knowledge in pharmacokinetics as well as evidence‐based treatment planning.
Designing research funding schemes to promote global health equity: An exploration of current practice in health systems research
Authors: Pratt Bridget , Hyder Adnan A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInternational research is an essential means of reducing health disparities between and within countries and should do so as a matter of global justice. Research funders from high‐income countries have an obligation of justice to support health research in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) that furthers such objectives. This paper investigates how their current funding schemes are designed to incentivise health systems research in LMICs that promotes health equity. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were performed with 16 grants officers working for 11 funders and organisations that support health systems research: the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, Comic Relief, Doris Duke Foundation, European Commission, International Development Research Centre, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Research Council of Norway, Rockefeller Foundation, UK Department of International Development, UK Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust. Thematic analysis of the data demonstrates their funding schemes promote health systems research with (up to) five key features that advance health equity: being conducted with worst‐off populations, focusing on research topics that advance equitable health systems, having LMIC ownership of the research agenda, strengthening LMIC research capacity, and having an impact on health disparities. The different types of incentives that encouraged proposed projects to have these features are identified and classified by their strength (strong, moderate, weak). It is suggested that research funders ought to create and maintain funding schemes with strong incentives for the features identified above in order to more effectively help reduce global health disparities.
Exploring partners’ perspectives on participation in heart failure home care: a mixed‐method design
Authors: Näsström Lena , Luttik Marie Louise , Idvall Ewa , Strömberg Anna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo describe the partners’ perspectives on participation in the care for patients with heart failure receiving home care.BackgroundPartners are often involved in care of patients with heart failure and have an important role in improving patients’ well‐being and self‐care. Partners have described both negative and positive experiences of involvement, but knowledge of how partners of patients with heart failure view participation in care when the patient receives home care is lacking.DesignA convergent parallel mixed‐method design was used, including data from interviews and questionnaires.MethodsA purposeful sample of 15 partners was used. Data collection lasted between February 2010 ‐ December 2011. Interviews were analysed with content analysis and data from questionnaires (participation, caregiving, health‐related quality of life, depressive symptoms) were analysed statistically. Finally, results were merged, interpreted and labelled as comparable and convergent or as being inconsistent.ResultsPartners were satisfied with most aspects of participation, information and contact. Qualitative findings revealed four different aspects of participation: adapting to the caring needs and illness trajectory, coping with caregiving demands, interacting with healthcare providers and need for knowledge to comprehend the health situation. Results showed confirmatory results that were convergent and expanded knowledge that gave a broader understanding of partner participation in this context.ConclusionThe results revealed different levels of partner participation. Heart failure home care included good opportunities for both participation and contact during home visits, necessary to meet partners’ ongoing need for information to comprehend the situation.
Paying patient and caregiver research participants: putting theory into practice
Authors: Polacsek Meg , Boardman Gayelene , McCann Terence V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo review and discuss the ethical and practical considerations about paying patient and caregiver participants in nursing research and, based on this review, to develop a set of guiding principles about payment of participants.BackgroundTo increase recruitment and retention, it is becoming increasingly common in nursing research to provide some form of payment to participants. The risk is that the promise of a payment may influence a patient or caregiver's decision to participate in research. However, research ethics protocols seldom provide explicit guidance about paying participants. Even where formal policies or fee schedules exist, there is little consistency in determining how payments should be calculated or administered. This has resulted in highly variable payment practices between locations, disciplines and institutions.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL and Health Source (Nursing/Academic Edition) were searched for terms related to paying research participants published between 2000 – August 2016.Implications for nursingNurse researchers must comply with international, national and institutional ethical standards. Important ethical and practical considerations should guide the decision‐making process about whether to pay research participants and how to determine the nature or value of the payment. Guiding principles can support researchers by highlighting key factors that may direct their decision‐making in this regard.ConclusionA deeper understanding of the fundamental ethical and practical considerations is needed to support researchers in their deliberations about paying participants in nursing research.
A comparison of nursing tasks undertaken by regulated nurses and nursing support workers: a work sampling study
Authors: Roche Michael A. , Friedman Sarah , Duffield Christine , Twigg Diane E. , Cook Rebecca 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine which tasks unregulated nursing support staff spend their work time undertaking and to determine differences between the work undertaken by licensed/regulated nurses on units which have nursing support workers and those on units which do not.BackgroundAcute hospital nursing teams often include nursing support staff; little is known about what kinds of tasks these unregulated support workers do and how it affects the work tasks of their licensed/regulated team members.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of nurse work sampling data.MethodsData collection took place between March–October 2013. The proportion of time spent on 25 work activities by nursing support staff and licensed/regulated nursing staff was compared. Logistic regression models estimated whether nursing support staff or licensed/regulated nurses were more likely to conduct direct and indirect patient care tasks and whether licensed/regulated nurses on units with nursing support staff were more likely to conduct direct or indirect tasks compared with those on units without nursing support workers.ResultsNursing support staff spent the majority of their time engaged in direct care tasks, e.g. admission and assessment, hygiene and mobility. Although licensed/regulated nurses were less likely to undertake direct care tasks compared with support workers, those who worked on units with support workers undertook more direct care compared with those who worked on units without support workers.ConclusionsNursing support workers were given tasks that required substantial amounts of patient interaction. These staff may be associated with an increase in direct care tasks for licensed/regulated nurses, who may duplicate the direct care done by nursing support workers.
Mothering with an Intellectual Disability: A Phenomenological Exploration of Making Infant‐Feeding Decisions
Authors: Guay Amanda , Aunos Marjorie , Collin‐Vézina Delphine 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundMothers with intellectual disability are less likely than mothers without intellectual disability to breastfeed their infants, but there is little literature that addresses infant‐feeding decisions among this population. This study explores experiences of mothers with intellectual disability in making and carrying out infant‐feeding decisions.MethodsUsing a phenomenological approach, in‐depth interviews were conducted with four mothers with intellectual disability.ResultsAnalysis focused on making and carrying out infant‐feeding decisions. Three sub‐themes of making infant‐feeding decisions emerged: being familiar with benefits of breastfeeding, owning the initial decision and preparing for infant‐feeding. Two sub‐themes of carrying out infant‐feeding decisions transpired: facing challenges and receiving support.ConclusionsThe prenatal period was a crucial time for the mothers regarding infant‐feeding decisions. It is the time in which they felt the most decision‐making power, yet opportunities to prepare for possible challenges were missed.
Alleviating Parenting Stress in Parents with Intellectual Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Video‐feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting
Authors: Hodes Marja W. , Meppelder Marieke , de Moor Marleen , Kef Sabina , Schuengel Carlo 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAdapted parenting support may alleviate the high levels of parenting stress experienced by many parents with intellectual disabilities.MethodsParents with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning were randomized to experimental (n = 43) and control (n = 42) conditions. Parents in both groups received care‐as‐usual. The experimental group also received an adapted version of video‐feedback intervention for positive parenting and learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD). Measures of parenting stress were obtained pre‐test, post‐test and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsRandomization to the experimental group led to a steeper decline in parenting stress related to the child compared to the control group (d = 0.46). No statistically significant effect on stress related to the parent's own functioning or situation was found.ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest the feasibility of reducing parenting stress in parents with mild intellectual disability (MID) through parenting support, to the possible benefit of their children.
The Impact of Affiliate Stigma on the Psychological Well‐Being of Mothers of Children with Specific Learning Disabilities in India: The Mediating Role of Subjective Burden
Authors: Banga Gazal , Ghosh Subharati 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundKnowledge of the impact of affiliate stigma on the wellbeing of caregivers to children with specific learning disability (SLD) in India is limited. To fill in this gap in knowledge a cross‐sectional quantitative study was undertaken to assess the impact of affiliate stigma on the psychological well‐being of mothers with children with SLD in India, and test the mediating role of subjective burden, using an adapted version of Pearlin's stress and adaptation model.MethodsSample included 100 mothers of children with SLD. Data was collected using a structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics, correlation and stepwise regression were used as the primary analytic tools.ResultsAffiliate stigma experienced by mothers significantly predicted low levels of psychological well‐being and subjective burden mediated the relationship between affiliate stigma and psychological wellbeing.ConclusionsThe findings call for developing targeted interventions to address affiliate stigma and positive appraisal of the caregiving situation, with the goal of improving the psychological well‐being of mothers of children with SLD.
Quality of life measurement in atopic dermatitis. Position paper of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Force on quality of life
Authors: Chernyshov P.V. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Manolache L. , Marron S.E. , Salek M.S. , Poot F. , Oranje A.P. , Finlay A.Y. ,   the EADV Quality of Life Task Force
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere is a need for researchers to have easy reference to the wide spectrum of different types of quality of life (QoL) instruments that can be used in atopic dermatitis (AD). Previous reviews on QoL in AD do not cover the full spectrum of QoL measures used in studies on AD. This study, on behalf of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Force on QoL, contains information on instruments available for health‐related QoL and family QoL assessment in AD including information on validation, experience of QoL assessment in AD for different purposes, peculiarities of QoL assessment in different age groups, expert analysis of available instruments including data on limitations of their use and recommendations of the Task Force.
Effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on survival of patients in a persistent vegetative state after stroke
Authors: Wu Kunpeng , Chen Ying , Yan Caihong , Huang Zhijia , Wang Deming , Gui Peigen , Bao Juan 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo assess the effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on short‐ and long‐term survival of patients in a persistent vegetative state after stroke and determine the relevant prognostic factors.BackgroundStroke may lead to a persistent vegetative state, and the effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on survival of stroke patients in a persistent vegetative state remains unclear.DesignProspective study.MethodsA total of 97 stroke patients in a persistent vegetative state hospitalised from January 2009 to December 2011 at the Second Hospital, University of South China, were assessed in this study. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 55 patients, and mean follow‐up time was 18 months. Survival rate and risk factors were analysed.ResultsMedian survival in the 55 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy‐treated patients was 17·6 months, higher compared with 8·2 months obtained for the remaining 42 patients without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy treatment. Univariate analyses revealed that age, hospitalisation time, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy treatment status, family financial situation, family care, pulmonary infection and nutrition were significantly associated with survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that older age, no gastrostomy, poor family care, pulmonary infection and poor nutritional status were independent risk factors affecting survival. Indeed, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy significantly improved the nutritional status and decreased pulmonary infection rate in patients with persistent vegetative state after stroke. Interestingly, median survival time was 20·3 months in patients with no or one independent risk factors of poor prognosis (n = 38), longer compared with 8·7 months found for patients with two or more independent risk factors (n = 59).ConclusionPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy significantly improves long‐term survival of stroke patients in a persistent vegetative state and is associated with improved nutritional status and decreased pulmonary infection.Relevance to clinical practicePercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a promising option for the management of stroke patients in a persistent vegetative state.
Classificatory multiplicity: intimate partner violence diagnosis in emergency department consultations
Authors: Olive Philippa 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the naming, or classification, of physical assaults by a partner as ‘intimate partner violence’ during emergency department consultations.BackgroundResearch continues to evidence instances when intimate partner physical violence is ‘missed’ or unacknowledged during emergency department consultations.MethodsTheoretically, this research was approached through complexity theory and the sociology of diagnosis. Research design was an applied, descriptive and explanatory, multiple‐method approach that combined qualitative semistructured interviews with service‐users (n = 8) and emergency department practitioners (n = 9), and qualitative and quantitative document analysis of emergency department health records (n = 28).ResultsThis study found that multiple classifications of intimate partner violence were mobilised during emergency department consultations and that these different versions of intimate partner violence held different diagnostic categories, processes and consequences.ConclusionThe construction of different versions of intimate partner violence in emergency department consultations could explain variance in people's experiences and outcomes of consultations. The research found that the classificatory threshold for ‘intimate partner violence’ was too high. Strengthening systems of diagnosis (identification and intervention) so that all incidents of partner violence are named as ‘intimate partner violence’ would reduce the incidence of missed cases and afford earlier specialist intervention to reduce violence and limit its harms.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research found that identification of and response to intimate partner violence, even in contexts of severe physical violence, was contingent. By lowering the classificatory threshold so that all incidents of partner violence are named as ‘intimate partner violence’, practitioners could make a significant contribution to reducing missed intimate partner violence during consultations and improving health outcomes for this population. This research has relevance for practitioners in any setting where service‐user report of intimate partner violence is possible.
Challenges in the nurse's role in rehabilitation contexts
Authors: Christiansen Bjørg , Feiring Marte 
Published: November 2016

Aim and objectiveTo shed light on how nurses perceive particular challenges that they experience in encounters with patients in rehabilitation wards.BackgroundRehabilitation is a tailor‐made process that allows someone with impairment to live well. Many rehabilitation institutions embrace strong beliefs in patient participation as well as awareness of and listening to the needs and wishes of patients. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated the challenges encountered by nurses from patients in rehabilitation contexts and how these challenges might influence their roles as nurses.Design and methodsThis study has a qualitative design that is based on three focus group interviews with nurses working in three rehabilitation wards. A convenience sample of 15 nurses, five from each ward, was recruited to participate in focus group interviews. The participants worked in wards for patients suffering mainly from stroke and head injuries. The analysis is inspired by hermeneutic principles to explore the participants’ challenges in their role in rehabilitation contexts.ResultsData analyses identified three main themes surrounding the challenges experienced by nurses: (1) Adjusting patients’ and next of kin's expectations, (2) Tailoring support and information, (3) Recognising patients’ knowledge.ConclusionOur results from the three rehabilitation wards indicate that nurses display various educative strategies. There is, however, a need for further empirical work into how knowledgeable patients and next of kin create new challenges with implications for the nurse's role within rehabilitation contexts.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study highlights the educative aspects of the nurse's role in relation to patients and next of kin on rehabilitation wards as significant contributors to recovery processes.