bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad Ligament Pregnancy Through A Cesarean Scar : An Unusual One
Authors: Yeasmin Sabina , Begum Tahera , Uddin Md Jalal 
Published: July 2016

Broad ligament pregnancy is an extremely rare event with high risk of maternal mortality. Diagnosis is often late in our setting and finally made during laparotomy. It is a type of secondary abdominal pregnancy.We present a case which remained undiagnosed throughout her pregnancy till she reached to 35 weeks and unfortunately had intrauterine fetal demise when she reported to our hospital.After admission her pregnancy was induced with misoprostol but did not response. On clinical suspicion,repeat ultrasound evaluation was done by senior sinologist, which picked up the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. On laparotomy a broad ligament pregnancy was found with a rent in the previous Cesarean scar towards the gestational sac in the broad ligament.Chatt Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (1); Jan 2016; Page 60-62
Development of a Screening Tool for the Identification of Sacroiliitis in Computed Tomography Scans of the Abdomen
Authors: Chan Jonathan , Sari Ismail , Salonen David , Inman Robert D. , Haroon Nigil 
Published: July 2016

Objective.To develop a screening tool for the identification of sacroiliitis on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan.Methods.Variables including erosions (number and size), sclerosis (depths of > 0.3 cm or > 0.5 cm), and ankylosis were identified through a training exercise involving 12 CT scans containing the sacroiliac joints. Two blinded readers read 24 CT scans from a derivation cohort to propose a screening tool for identifying discriminating features of sacroiliitis. A test cohort of 68 patients was used to confirm the utility of this tool. Inter- and intraobserver values, sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative likelihood ratios were calculated for individual as well as combinations of variables. Erosions were evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic curves.Results.Analysis of the derivation cohort determined that counting the number of erosions on the worst coronal slice in each of 4 articular surfaces was not inferior to analyzing each individual slice in either transverse or coronal view. In the test cohort, interreader reliability for ankylosis and iliac and sacral erosions was very good (κ = 1, ICC = 0.989 and 0.995, respectively) whereas for sclerosis, it was moderate (κ = 0.39–0.96). A total erosion score of ≥ 3 was found to have the highest sensitivity and specificity for sacroiliitis (91% for each). The addition of a > 0.5 cm of iliac sclerosis or a > 0.3 cm of sacral sclerosis marginally increased the sensitivity (94%) but decreased specificity (85%).Conclusion.The presence of ankylosis or a total erosion score of ≥ 3 on CT is sufficient for identifying patients at high risk of sacroiliitis and may prompt more timely referrals to a rheumatologist.
A Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Apremilast in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Results of the PALACE 2 Trial
Authors: Cutolo Maurizio , Myerson Gary E. , Fleischmann Roy M. , Lioté Frédéric , Díaz-González Federico , Van den Bosch Filip , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Feist Eugen , Shah Kamal , Hu ChiaChi , Stevens Randall M. , Poder Airi 
Published: July 2016

Objective.Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, downregulates intracellular inflammatory mediator synthesis by elevating cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. The PALACE 2 trial evaluated apremilast efficacy and safety in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) despite prior conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or biologic therapy.Methods.Eligible patients were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, apremilast 20 mg BID, or apremilast 30 mg BID. At Week 16, patients with swollen and tender joint count improvement < 20% entered early escape, with placebo patients rerandomized (1:1) to apremilast 20 mg BID or 30 mg BID while apremilast patients continued on their initial apremilast dose. At Week 24, patients remaining on placebo were rerandomized to apremilast 20 mg BID or 30 mg BID. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving > 20% improvement in American College of Rheumatology response criteria (ACR20) at Week 16.Results.In the intent-to-treat population (N = 484), ACR20 at Week 16 was achieved by more patients receiving apremilast 20 mg BID [37.4% (p = 0.0002)] and 30 mg BID [32.1% (p = 0.0060)] versus placebo (18.9%). Clinically meaningful improvements in signs and symptoms of PsA, physical function, and psoriasis were observed with apremilast through Week 52. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, nausea, headache, and upper respiratory tract infection. Diarrhea and nausea generally occurred early and usually resolved spontaneously with continued treatment. Laboratory abnormalities were infrequent and transient.Conclusion.Apremilast demonstrated clinical improvements in PsA for up to 52 weeks, including signs and symptoms, physical function, and psoriasis. No new safety signals were observed. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01212757.
Poids économique de la francophonie : impact via l’ouverture commerciale
Authors: Carrère Céline , Masood Maria 
Published: July 2016

Dans cet article nous proposons d’analyser le rôle et l’importance de la langue française sur les flux commerciaux de biens par rapport aux autres types de proximité (géographique, historique, etc.) et de chiffrer son poids économique pour les pays de l’espace francophone (EF), en termes de flux commerciaux et, via le taux d’ouverture au commerce, en termes de PIB par tête et d’emploi. Ainsi, à l’aide d’un modèle de gravité estimé en panel, on constate qu’en moyenne un pays francophone bénéficie d’un supplément de commerce de 22 % avec un autre pays de cet espace, relativement au commerce qu’il aurait avec ce même pays s’il n’était pas francophone. Il apparaît également que l’effet sur le commerce dû au partage du français semble avoir été plus important durant la crise financière de 2008, suggérant que le partage d’une langue favorise l’existence de relations commerciales non seulement plus intenses mais également plus résilientes en période de crise. Une comparaison avec les autres principaux espaces linguistiques (anglophone, lusophone, hispanophone et arabophone) montre que l’impact global de l’appartenance à un espace sur le taux d’ouverture commerciale des pays est assez similaire. Au final, les retombées économiques de l’appartenance à un espace linguistique semblent en moyenne relativement faibles sur le PIB (mais il existe une grande hétérogénéité entre pays d’un même espace) et quasi inexistantes sur l’emploi.
Contraintes de financement et productivité dans l’industrie de l’habillement au Maroc en présence d’hétérogénéité de la technologie
Authors: Chaffai Mohamed E. , Plane Patrick 
Published: July 2016

La relation entre l’accès au financement et la performance productive est étudiée sur un échantillon aléatoire de 324 entreprises marocaines sur une période de trois ans (2000-2002). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que les contraintes financières affectent potentiellement la productivité à travers le niveau d’efficacité technique ou le choix de la technologie. L’impact de ces deux phénomènes est étudié conjointement en utilisant les modèles de frontières stochastiques à classes latentes (LCSFM). En moyenne, la contribution de l’efficacité technique à la productivité s’avère limitée relativement à l’impact des choix technologiques. Si les entreprises étaient financièrement sans contrainte, le gain de productivité totale des facteurs (PTF) qui en résulterait permettrait de gagner de 18 % à 64 % d’efficacité. Dans toutes les catégories de tailles des entreprises, le gain le plus important est observé pour celles de moins de 20 salariés. Les résultats empiriques peuvent être qualifiés en considérant que les capacités humaines conditionnent également l’efficacité de la mise en œuvre d’une technologie. Compte tenu de leur capital humain, 22 % des entreprises semblent véritablement souffrir d’une perte de productivité inhérente aux défaillances des marchés financiers.
Du bilan mitigé des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement aux difficultés de mise en œuvre des Objectifs de développement durable
Authors: Hugon Philippe 
Published: July 2016

Les OMD, pensés en termes d’objectifs sociaux à atteindre pour les seuls pays du Sud à l’horizon 2015, ne remettaient pas en cause les préférences collectives du Nord. Le passage des OMD aux ODD se situe dans un contexte où les questions planétaires, notamment climatiques, dominent les débats. La traduction des objectifs à atteindre en ressources à mobiliser et en résultats observables est particulièrement délicate pour un développement à la fois durable et inclusif. Cet article présente le bilan contrasté des OMD et traite des principaux enjeux des ODD dans un monde multipolaire et une financiarisation du capitalisme caractérisé par un déplacement de la richesse et de la puissance et la vulnérabilité d’une partie de la population.
Les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement : une opérationnalisation du droit au développement et au-delà ?
Authors: Ballet Jérôme , Koffi Jean-Marcel Kouamékan , Koména Boniface Kouadio 
Published: July 2016

Les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement sont une opérationnalisation du droit au développement. Dans cet article nous balayons l’historique du droit au développement et les principales critiques qui lui ont été portées. Nous montrons que ces critiques ont largement pu trouver réponse. Cependant, trois enjeux majeurs restent largement ouverts : la participation des populations, le droit des populations autochtones, et le droit à un environnement sain. La particularité de ces trois enjeux est d’ouvrir sur un débat opposant droit individuel inaliénable et droit collectif.
L’indicateur des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement : "besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale". Quelle pertinence au Bénin et à Madagascar ?
Authors: Gastineau Bénédicte , Rakotoson Lina , Andriamaro Frédérique 
Published: July 2016

Les « besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale » sont l’un des indicateurs associés aux Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement. Cet indicateur oriente l’élaboration des programmes de planification familiale depuis plus de 30 ans dans les pays du Sud. L’article propose à partir de données qualitatives collectées au Bénin et à Madagascar une réflexion sur des pratiques qui peuvent être interprétées comme des alternatives à la contraception non prises en compte dans l’indicateur : l’abstinence sexuelle et l’avortement.
La théologie rend-elle service à l’Union Européenne ?
Authors: Thiel Marie-Jo 
Published: July 2016

L’article s’interroge sur l’apport et les relations potentielles ou réelles – et donc sur l’influence possible – des débats théologiques sur les pourparlers de l’Union Européenne (UE) en ses lieux et fonctionnements stratégiques. Après avoir présenté le cadre politico-juridique de l’UE, l’article examine ses lieux officiels (ou possibles) de dialogue, pour revenir enfin sur la question de « l’utilité » de la théologie et plus généralement de l’apport des religions.
L’éthique théologique de langue italienne
Authors: Guenzi Pier Davide 
Published: July 2016

L’article dresse un état des lieux de la théologie morale italienne, dont il présente trois dimensions fondamentales : sa manière d’« être présente » dans le débat ecclésial et civil contemporain (dimension « introspective »), les efforts qu’elle déploie pour « rapporter au présent » sa propre tradition de pensée (dimension « rétrospective »), et enfin, sa manière d’« adhérer au présent » afin d’ouvrir des horizons d’avenir (dimension « prospective »). À partir du chemin de l’éthique théologique italienne des derniers cinquante ans, l’article plaide pour un retour non naïf de la « casuistique », cette dernière étant comprise non seulement comme un point d’arrivée de la dynamique d’évaluation se penchant sur une situation donnée, mais comme un moment génétique de la normativité elle-même et de son processus évolutif.
Cutting Edge: ACVRL1 Signaling Augments CD8α+ Dendritic Cell Development
Authors: Verma Rohit , Jaiswal Hemant , Chauhan Kuldeep Singh , Kaushik Monika , Tailor Prafullakumar 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a collection of different subtypes, each of which is characterized by specific surface markers, gene-expression patterns, and distinct functions. Members of the IFN regulatory factor family play critical roles in DC development and functions. Recently, Irf8 was shown to activate TGF-β signaling, which led to exacerbated neuroinflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. We analyzed the effect of Irf8 on TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway–specific genes in DCs and identified Acvrl1, a type I TGF-β superfamily receptor, as a gene strongly induced by Irf8 expression. Among various DC subtypes, Acvrl1 is differentially expressed in CD8α+ DCs. ACVRL1 signaling augmented Irf8-directed classical CD8α+ DC development. Irf8 expression is essential for plasmacytoid DC and CD8α+ DC development, and this study demonstrates that ACVRL1 signaling plays a pivotal role whereby it suppresses plasmacytoid DC development while enhancing that of CD8α+ DCs, thus contributing to DC diversity development.
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote an Early Antibody Response to a Respiratory Antigen in Mice
Authors: Drake Li Yin , Iijima Koji , Bartemes Kathleen , Kita Hirohito 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a new family of immune cells that play important roles in innate immunity in mucosal tissues, and in the maintenance of tissue and metabolic homeostasis. Recently, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) were found to promote the development and effector functions of Th2-type CD4+ T cells by interacting directly with T cells or by activating dendritic cells, suggesting a role for ILC2s in regulating adaptive immunity. However, our current knowledge on the role of ILCs in humoral immunity is limited. In this study, we found that ILC2s isolated from the lungs of naive BALB/c mice enhanced the proliferation of B1- as well as B2-type B cells and promoted the production of IgM, IgG1, IgA, and IgE by these cells in vitro. Soluble factors secreted by ILC2s were sufficient to enhance B cell Ig production. By using blocking Abs and ILC2s isolated from IL-5–deficient mice, we found that ILC2-derived IL-5 is critically involved in the enhanced production of IgM. Furthermore, when adoptively transferred to Il7r−/− mice, which lack ILC2s and mature T cells, lung ILC2s promoted the production of IgM Abs to a polysaccharide Ag, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl Ficoll, within 7 d of airway exposure in vivo. These findings add to the growing body of literature regarding the regulatory functions of ILCs in adaptive immunity, and suggest that lung ILC2s promote B cell production of early Abs to a respiratory Ag even in the absence of T cells.
Ethanol and Other Short-Chain Alcohols Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Stimulation
Authors: Hoyt Laura R. , Ather Jennifer L. , Randall Matthew J. , DePuccio Daniel P. , Landry Christopher C. , Wewers Mark D. , Gavrilin Mikhail A. , Poynter Matthew E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Immunosuppression is a major complication of alcoholism that contributes to increased rates of opportunistic infections and sepsis in alcoholics. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein intracellular pattern recognition receptor complex that facilitates the cleavage and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, can be inhibited by ethanol, and we sought to better understand the mechanism through which this occurs and whether chemically similar molecules exert comparable effects. We show that ethanol can specifically inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in attenuated IL-1β and caspase-1 cleavage and secretion, as well as diminished apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, without affecting potassium efflux, in a mouse macrophage cell line (J774), mouse bone marrow–derived dendritic cells, mouse neutrophils, and human PBMCs. The inhibitory effects on the Nlrp3 inflammasome were independent of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor activation or N-methyl-d-asparate receptor inhibition but were associated with decreased oxidant production. Ethanol treatment markedly decreased cellular tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas administration of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate prior to ethanol restored tyrosine phosphorylation and IL-1β secretion subsequent to ATP stimulation. Furthermore, sodium orthovanadate–induced phosphorylation of ASC Y144, necessary and sufficient for Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, and secretion of phosphorylated ASC were inhibited by ethanol. Finally, multiple alcohol-containing organic compounds exerted inhibitory effects on the Nlrp3 inflammasome, whereas 2-methylbutane (isopentane), the analogous alkane of the potent inhibitor isoamyl alcohol (isopentanol), did not. Our results demonstrate that ethanol antagonizes the NLRP3 inflammasome at an apical event in its activation through the stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases, an effect shared by other short-chain alcohols.
Power Series Rings Over Prüfer v-multiplication Domains. II
Authors: Whan Chang Gyu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLet D be an integral domain, X1(D) be the set of height-one prime ideals of D, {Xβ} and {Xα} be two disjoint nonempty sets of indeterminates over D, D[{Xβ}] be the polynomial ring over D, and D[{Xβ}][[{Xα}]]1 be the first type power series ring over D[{Xβ}]. Assume that D is a Prüfer v-multiplication domain (PvMD) in which each proper integral t-ideal has only finitely many minimal prime ideals (e.g., t-SFT PvMDs, valuation domains, rings of Krull type). Among other things, we show that if X1(D) = Ø or DP is a DVR for all P ∊ X1(D), then D[{Xβ}][[{Xα}]]1D−{0} is a Krull domain. We also prove that if D is a t-SFT PvMD, then the complete integral closure of D is a Krull domain and ht(M[{Xβ}][[{Xα}]]1) = 1 for every height-one maximal t-ideal M of D.
Del sujeto cartesiano al sujeto narrativo de Paul Ricoeur. Aportes para una fundamentación de la autonomía y responsabilidad del ser humano hacia el discernimiento abierto a la Palabra y propuesta del Dios de Jesús
Authors: Villar Olaeta Javier 
Published: July 2016

El profesor Javier Villar Olaeta comparte algunos resultados de su investigación sobre el concepto de sujeto en la filosofía narrativa de Paul Ricoeur como un aporte a la reflexión sobre la autonomía y responsabilidad del hombre en el discernimiento y apertura a la palabra revelada por Dios en Jesucristo.
The role of pyroxenite in basalt genesis: Melt‐PX, a melting parameterization for mantle pyroxenites between 0.9 and 5 GPa
Authors: Lambart Sarah , Baker Michael B. , Stolper Edward M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGeochemical and isotopic data suggest that the source regions of oceanic basalts may contain pyroxenite in addition to peridotite. In order to incorporate the wide range of compositions and melting behaviors of pyroxenites into mantle melting models, we have developed a new parameterization, Melt‐PX, which predicts near‐solidus temperatures and extents of melting as a function of temperature and pressure for mantle pyroxenites. We used 183 high‐pressure experiments (25 compositions; 0.9–5 GPa; 1150–1675°C) to constrain a model of melt fraction versus temperature from 5% melting up to the disappearance of clinopyroxene for pyroxenites as a function of pressure, temperature, and bulk composition. When applied to the global set of experimental data, our model reproduces the experimental F values with a standard error of estimate of 13% absolute; temperatures at which the pyroxenite is 5% molten are reproduced with a standard error of estimate of 30°C over a temperature range of ~500°C and a pressure range of ~4 GPa. In conjunction with parameterizations of peridotite melting, Melt‐PX can be used to model the partial melting of multilithologic mantle sources—including the effects of varying the composition and the modal proportion of pyroxenite in such source regions. Examples of such applications include calculations of isentropic decompression melting of a mixed peridotite + pyroxenite mantle; these show that although the potential temperature of the upwelling mantle plays an important role in defining the extent of magma production, the composition and mass fraction of the pyroxenite also exert strong controls.
Assessing GFDL high‐resolution climate model water and energy budgets from AMIP simulations over Africa
Authors: Tian Di , Pan Ming , Jia Liwei , Vecchi Gabriel , Wood Eric F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study assessed surface water and energy budgets in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations of a coupled atmosphere‐land model developed by Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AM2.5)). The AM2.5 water and energy budget variables were compared with four reanalyses data sets and an observational‐based reference, the Variable Infiltration Capacity model simulations forced by Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing (PGF/VIC) over 20 year period during 1991–2010 in nine African river basins. Results showed that AM2.5 has closed water and energy budgets. However, the discrepancies between AM2.5 and other data sets were notable in terms of their long‐term averages. For the water budget, the AM2.5 mostly overestimated precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff compared to PGF/VIC and reanalyses. The AM2.5, reanalyses, and PGF/VIC showed similar seasonal cycles but discrepant amplitudes. For the energy budget, while the AM2.5 has relatively consistent net radiation with other data sets, it generally showed higher latent heat, lower sensible heat, and lower Bowen ratio than reanalyses and PGF/VIC. In addition, the AM2.5 water and energy budgets terms mostly had the smallest interannual variability compared to both reanalyses and PGF/VIC. The spatial differences of long‐term mean precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, and latent heat between AM2.5 and other data sets were reasonably small in dry regions. On average, AM2.5 is closer to PGF/VIC than R2 and 20CR are to PGF/VIC but is not as close as Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis to PGF/VIC. The bias in AM2.5 water and energy budget terms may be associated with the excessive wet surface and parameterization of moisture advection from ocean to land.
Individual, Housing, and Neighborhood Predictors of Psychological Integration Among Vulnerably Housed and Homeless Individuals
Authors: Ecker John , Aubry Tim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe current longitudinal study evaluated the individual, housing, and neighborhood characteristics predictive of feeling psychologically integrated within one's neighborhood among a population of homeless and vulnerably housed individuals. Participants were recruited at homeless shelters, meal programs, and rooming houses in Ottawa, Canada and participated in three in‐person interviews, each approximately 1 year apart. Prospective and cross‐sectional predictors of psychological integration at Follow‐up 1 and Follow‐up 2 were examined. There were 397 participants at baseline, 341 at Follow‐up 1 and 320 at Follow‐up 2. A hierarchical multiple regression uncovered several significant predictors of psychological integration. The most salient and common predictors were being older, having greater social support, living in high quality housing, and residing in a neighborhood with a positive impact. Implications for service provision and policy advancements are discussed.