bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Congenital Optic Disc Pits in Adult Chinese: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Wang Y. , Xu L. , Jonas J.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the prevalence of optic disc pits in the elderly Chinese population. Methods The Beijing Eye Study, a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study, included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40+ years. The present study included 4027 (90.7%) subjects for whom readable optic disc photographs were available. Results A pit of the optic nerve head was detected in one (0.02%) patient. Prevalence was 0.02 ± 1.58% (95% confidence interval: −0.02, 0.07). Conclusions A congenital optic disc pit was found in one subject of the present population-based study in mainland China. In a mathematical sense, the calculated prevalence of optic disc pits in the whole population would be 0.02 ± 1.58% (95% confidence interval: −0.02, 0.07) or about 1:4.000 subjects. From a statistical point of view, however, population-based studies with about 10,000 subjects are necessary to confirm this finding.
Prevalence of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Urban and Rural Adult Chinese: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Xu L. , Hu L. , Ma K. , Li J. , Jonas J.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa in the elderly Chinese population. Methods The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study and included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40+ years. Readable fundus photographs were available for 4027 (90.7%) subjects. Diagnostic criteria for retinitis pigmentosa were visual field defects on frequency doubling perimetry, typical ophthalmoscopic abnormalities such as retinal pigment deposits, retinal arteriole attenuation, and pigment epithelial atrophy, and no other reason for perimetric defects and fundus abnormalities. Results Retinitis pigmentosa was diagnosed in four subjects (all men). Its prevalence was 0.099±3.15% (95% CI: 0.00, 0.2). Conclusions Retinitis pigmentosa with typical fundus appearance and functional loss may be present in about 1 out of 1000 elderly Chinese in Northern China. Calculated for the whole population in China, the figure would be 1.3 million patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Expression of Proteins Associated with Cell-Matrix Adhesion in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Designed by Dispase Model
Authors: Isiksoy S. , Basmak H. , Kasapoglu dundar E. , Ozer A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose During recent years, the interaction of cell surface molecule, extracellular matrix proteins, and cytoskeletal elements has been a topic for research for the purpose of understanding the mechanisms of pathologic conditions. This study aims to evaluate the expression of CD44, as a cell surface adhesion molecule; fibronectin (FN), as an extracellular and a cell surface protein; vinculin and actin/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as cytoskeletal elements; and the interactions of these proteins in the microenvironment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods This experimental study was designed by the intravitreal Dispase model in rabbits and proteins' expression were evaluated via immunohistochemical staining. Results As a cell surface protein, CD44 expression was determined in only four eyes focally and weakly, but in a small number of cells. Among the cytoskeletal proteins, vinculin expression was the most extensive and the strongest in intensity in epi- and subretinal membranes. Alpha-SMA expression was mostly present within small foci of cells. Fibronectin expression was determined in some of the eyes only faintly. Conclusions Vinculin seems to be involved in PVR pathogenesis. Variability in co-distribution of the expression of vinculin, FN, and α-SMA reflects the dynamic interactions evolving between cell and extracellular matrix during the epi- and subretinal membrane formations. The results of this study were determined not to be in support of the assumption that CD44 has a functional role in the pathogenesis of PVR. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 89–103)
Orbital Cellulitis following Implantation of Aqueous Drainage Devices
Authors: Chaudhry I.A. , Shamsi F.A. , Morales J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Orbital cellulitis (OC) as a complication of implanted aqueous drainage devices (ADD) for glaucoma is an uncommon phenomenon. The authors report two cases of infectious OC in patients with a history of congenital glaucoma and placement of ADD. Methods Clinical records of two patients with ADD who subsequently developed OC were reviewed for presenting symptoms, signs, medical and surgical management, and final outcome. Results In the first case, an 11-year-old girl was found to have evidence of OC 9 days after the implantation of a Krupin-Denver valve. In the second case, a 14-month-old girl presented with similar findings 8 months following the implantation of an Ahmed valve. In both cases, ultrasonography demonstrated evidence of orbital inflammation and in one patient computed tomography scan was consistent with OC. In both cases, prompt institution of systemic antibiotics resulted in resolution of the clinical signs. In the first case, diagnosis was made early and the patient was promptly treated with systemic antibiotics, resulting in resolution of her symptoms without the need for implant removal. Because of the delayed presentation in the second case, an infected implant had to be removed to achieve resolution in addition to aggressive treatment with antibiotics. Conclusions Although rare, infectious OC may occur following implantation of ADD. Early recognition and intervention may be required to achieve resolution of the infection. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 136–40)
Comparison of Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm and Full Threshold Algorithm for Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss
Authors: Aoki Y. , Takahashi G. , Kitahara K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the prevalence of visual field loss, the sensitivity distribution, and the size and depth of glaucomatous visual field defects using the standard full threshold (FT) and the Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) standard (SS) procedures in patients with early or suspected glaucoma. Methods Automated perimetry findings were retrospectively evaluated in 53 patients (105 eyes) with early or suspected glaucoma. Results The number of eyes judged to have glaucomatous visual field loss by SS (48 eyes) was significantly larger than what was found with FT (35 eyes), and 70 eyes were classified as pre-perimetric glaucoma. In these 70 eyes, there were many locations where the sensitivity was significantly higher with SS than with FT (intrasubject difference), and SS had less intersubject variability than FT at most locations. The cumulative decibel scores at the region of glaucomatous defects were larger with SS (206.2±103.3 dB) than with FT (162.1±87.5 dB) (p=0.02), which indicated that the depth of defects measured by SS was shallower than that by FT. The sizes of defects were significantly larger with SS (11.2±5.6) than with FT (9.7±5.1) (p<0.05). Conclusions Glaucomatous defects were measured as being significantly shallower and larger with SS than with FT. In addition, the prevalence of visual field defect was higher with SS according to some of the criteria for glaucomatous visual field defects. These results might be related to the fact that SS strategy has a lower variability and to the Bayesian statistical properties of the SITA algorithm. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 196–202)
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: 6-Month Results of an Open-Label Uncontrolled Clinical Study
Authors: Giansanti F. , Virgili G. , Bini A. , Rapizzi E. , Giacomelli G. , Donati M.C. , Verdina T. , Menchini U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the 6-month safety and clinical outcomes of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab administered to treat choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Methods Twenty-seven patients underwent 1.25 mg intravitreal injections of bevacizumab at baseline. A similar intravitreal injection was administered to all eyes at 1 and 2 month follow-up visits. At baseline and at each follow-up visit (1, 2, 3, and 6 months), patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Laboratory testing, visual field analyses, and endothelial cell counts were performed at baseline and third and sixth months. Results At 3 months, the mean BCVA remained substantially stable at 20/100. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 373 to 279 μm (p<0.01). Mean lesion greatest linear dimension (GLD) decreased from 4087 to 3782 microns (p<0.01). At 6 months, mean BCVA slightly decreased from 20/100−1 to 20/125−3 (not significant, p=0.40). Mean CRT was still inferior to baseline (305 μm, p<0.01). Mean lesion GLD was 4186 μm, not different from baseline values (p=0.59), but superior to 3-month mean GLD (p<0.01). Significant visual field defects or endothelial cell losses were not detected at 3 and 6 months. Laboratory testing did not reveal any clinically significant deviations compared to baseline values. Conclusions Intravitreal therapy using bevacizumab over 6 months showed stabilization of visual acuity and choroidal neovascularization activity; the safety data were convincing. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 230–7)
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Benefits of Triamcinolone-Assisted Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Case Study
Authors: Ueno A. , Enaida H. , Hata Y. , Hisatomi T. , Nakamura T. , Mochizuki Y. , Sakamoto T. , Ishibashi T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To investigate intraoperative visibility and long-term clinical outcome following triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods. A retrospective interventional noncomparative clinical study was carried out on 21 eyes from 21 patients with more than grade C2 PVR, all of whom underwent TA-assisted PPV. Two of the specimens were observed with an electron microscope. After treatment, outcome measures, including changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, corneal pathology, and occurrence of endophthalmitis, were recorded. Patient follow-up time was >36 months (mean ± standard deviation = 47.3 ± 6.7 months). Results. TA improved the intraoperative visualization of the epiretinal membrane (ERM), allowing it to be easily removed together with the partially internal limiting membrane (ILM) using microforceps. The excised tissue consisted of proliferative cells and an extracellular matrix underlying the ILM. After the operation, 71.4% of the eyes had improved BCVA. Three of the eyes showed sustained IOP elevation (14.3%); two of these cases were controlled by the administration of eyedrops, while the third required filtering surgery. In two cases, an absorption delay of the TA granule on the retinal surface was observed. One eye developed corneal stromal opacity. No other severe complications occurred during the observation period. Conclusions. TA-assisted PPV offers improved visualization during the surgical management of PVR, and allows surgeons to excise the ERM safely and effectively without the risk of serious complications.
Macular Hole and Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Lattanzio R. , Ramoni A. , Scotti F. , Introini U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To report a case of macular hole progression after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for chronic macular edema secondary to nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods. A 33-year-old woman with massive macular edema after CRVO underwent IVTA. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography were performed before and after the procedure. Results. At the 1-week IVTA injection control, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/400 to 20/200 and OCT detected a progression of macular hole stage. Conclusions. IVTA steroid injection may provide a significant improvement in macular edema, but injection-related complications may occur such as this uncommon macular reaction resulting in permanent visual loss.
Comparison of Glaucoma Probability Score and Moorfields Regression Analysis to Discriminate Glaucomatous and Healthy Eyes
Authors: Takmaz Tamer , Can İzzet 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare sensitivity and specificity values of glaucoma probability score (GPS) and Moorfields regression analysis (MRA) of Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) to discriminate between glaucomatous and healthy eyes. Methods A total of 160 eyes of 160 individuals (80 glaucoma patients and 80 healthy subjects) were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was performed with HRT. Performance of GPS and MRA were evaluated by considering borderline (BL) cases as within normal limits (WNL) or as outside normal limits (ONL). For further analysis glaucoma group was divided into two subsets: initial and moderate/severe damage group. Results There was no difference between glaucoma patients and normal subjects in terms of gender, disc area, and pachymetry (p>0.05). The GPS was higher, average visual field MD and PSD values were worse, and patients were older in glaucoma group (p=0.001). Sensitivity and specificity values were 72.5% and 93.8% respectively for MRA and 75.0% and 88.8% for GPS when BL cases considered as WNL, and when BL cases considered as ONL these values were 83.8% and 73.8% for MRA and 88.8% and 70.0% for GPS. There was no difference between sensitivity and specificity values of GPS and MRA for either situation (p>0.05). Sensitivity of GPS (76.2%) was higher than of MRA (61.9%) in initial glaucomatous eyes (p=0.317). Conclusions Diagnostic performance of GPS was similar to MRA. It was found that GPS might differentiate between glaucomatous and healthy eyes with relatively better sensitivity but worse specificity and represent considerable advantage over MRA in early glaucoma cases.
Episcleral Hemangioma as an Isolated Finding
Authors: Al-Ghadeer Huda , Al-Rajhi Ali A. , Riley Fenwick C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report on a case of episcleral hemangioma in a child. Methods A 3-year-old boy presented with a 4-week history of limbal mass in the left eye and had an excision of that mass. Results There was an 8 × 7 mm oval lesion, 3–4 mm below the inferior limbus. It was reddish, sharply elevated with smooth surface, and firmly attached to the underlying sclera with two large blood vessels over it. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a cellular lesion containing vascular spaces of various sizes. The solid appearance indicated an increase of cells that appear to be consistent with endothelial cells which formed a nest surrounded by PASpositive strands. Small to moderate size capillaries were evident throughout the solid portion of the lesion. These findings were consistent with episcleral hemangioma of capillary type. Conclusions Episcleral hemangioma is a rare tumor and should be included in the differential diagnosis of episcleral tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of episcleral hemangioma in a child as an isolated finding.
Three-Dimensional Imaging of an Optic Disk Pit Using High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Schneider Miklos , Geitzenauer Wolfgang , Ahlers Christian , Golbaz Isabelle , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To clarify the origin of the coexisting fluid in an optic disc pit case by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods High resolution OCT (Cirrus™ prototype, Carl Zeiss Meditec) was used for image acquisition; three dimensional segmentation was performed using Food and Drug Administration–approved imaging software (3D-Doctor V4.0, Able software Corp., Lexington, MA) to demonstrate the structural changes of the optic nerve head and the retina. Results Using high resolution OCT, the authors demonstrated that this case of optic pit had a possible connection between the subretinal and the intraretinal space. Conclusions The authors assume that the intraretinal space is progressively filled with subarachnoidal fluid, leading to a tearing force within the outer neurosensory layers. A connection between the outer nuclear layer and the subretinal space may lead to a serous retinal detachment as a secondary event. Vision loss could consecutively be induced by a serous retinal detachment. High resolution OCT technology is able to visualize discrete changes of the microarchitecture of the optic nerve as well as the retina when combined with appropriate imaging software.
Aspheric Profile versus Wavefront-Guided Ablation Photorefractive Keratectomy for the Correction of Myopia using the Allegretto Eye Q
Authors: Ghoreishi Seyyed Mohammad , Naderibeni Afsaneh , Peyman Alireza , Rismanchian Akram , Eslami Fatemeh 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with Q-factor customized aspheric ablation and wavefront-guided customized ablation for correction of myopia compound with astigmatism. Methods Fifty-six patients were enrolled in this prospective controlled study. In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned for treatment with the Q-factor customized PRK (custom-Q study group) and the other eye treated with wavefront-guided customized PRK. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative manifest refraction, contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, aberrometry, and asphericity of the cornea were compared between the two groups. All eyes were treated with the Wavelight Eye-Q 400 Hz excimer laser in a single refractive surgery center by a single surgeon. Results Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) improved to 20/20 or more and 20/25 or more in 34 eyes (60.7%) and 56 eyes (100%), respectively, in the wavefront-guided ablation group and in 36 eyes (64.2%) and 54 eyes (96.4%) in the custom-Q ablation group. All eyes had UCVA of 20/40 or better. A total of 54 eyes (96.4%) in the wavefront-guided ablation group and 56 (100%) in the custom-Q ablation group had spherical equivalent (SE) within ±0.5 D. One eye in each group (2%) lost ≥ 2 lines of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). High order root mean square (RMS) in the wavefront-guided group was 0.3630±0.13 μm preoperatively and 0.427±0.17 at 3 months (p=0.2). In the custom-Q ablation group it was 0.329±0.092 preoperatively and 0.4730±0.181 at 3 months after PRK (p=0.08). Conclusions Regarding safety and refractive efficacy, custom-Q ablation profiles were clinically equivalent to wavefront-guided profiles in corrections of myopia up to −6.00 D and astigmatism up to 2.50 D.
Topical N-acetylcysteine Reduces Interleukin-1-alpha in Tear Fluid after Laser Subepithelial Keratectomy
Authors: Urgancioglu Berrak , Bilgihan Kamil , Engin Doruk , Cirak Meltem Yalinay , Hondur Ahmet , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effect of topical N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α) levels in tear fluid after myopic laser subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and its possible role in modulating corneal wound healing. Methods Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients who underwent myopic LASEK were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=10 eyes) was used as a control group. All patients received topical lomefloxacin and dexamethasone postoperatively. Additionally, patients in Group 2 received topical NAC for 1 month postoperatively. Tear fluid samples were collected with microcapillary tubes preoperatively, on the first and on the fifth postoperative day, and the release of IL-1α in tear fluid was calculated. Haze grading and confocal microscopic examination were performed at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results The mean IL-1-α release values were 0.285±0.159 pg/min in Group 1 and 0.235±0.142 pg/min in Group 2 preoperatively. In Group 1, the values were 0.243±0.155 pg/min on day 1 and 0.164±0.125 pg/min on day 5. In Group 2, the mean IL-1α release values were 0.220±0.200 pg/min on day 1 and 0.080±0.079 pg/min on day 5. The difference between the groups was significant only for day 5 (p<0.05). Mean corneal haze score and grey scale value in confocal microscopy were significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group 1 at 1 month. However, at 3 months there was no difference between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions NAC seems to have an additive effect to steroids in suppressing IL-1α levels in tear fluid and may be clinically advantageous in modulating corneal wound healing during the early postoperative period after LASEK.
Antioxidant Status Modifications by Topical Administration of Dorzolamide in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Zanon-Moreno Vicente , Garcia-Medina Jose J. , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Vinuesa-Silva Ignacio , Moreno-Nadal Maria A. , Pinazo-Duran Maria D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This study deals with the role of the topical administration of dorzolamide eyedrops on the oxidative/antioxidant status of aqueous humor in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG). Methods A case-control study including 130 patients distributed into three groups was carried out: 1) patients with POAG without dorzolamide instillation administration (GG; n=34); 2) patients with POAG with dorzolamide (DG; n=36); and 3) subjects with cataracts (comparative group, CG; n=60). Oxidative activity was measured in the aqueous humor by malondialdehyde determination by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Antioxidant status was assessed in the aqueous humor samples by measuring the superoxide dismutase activity and the total antioxidant status. Results Oxidative activity was significantly higher in both glaucoma groups than in the cataracts group (GG vs CG, p=3.68 E-34; DG vs CG, p=5.11 E-45), and was significantly higher in GG than in DG (p=0.0034). SOD activity was significantly higher in both glaucoma groups than in the cataracts group (GG vs CG, p=1.08 E-14; DG vs CG, p=3.70 E-22), and was significantly higher in GG than in DG (p=0.018). Finally, total antioxidant status was significantly decreased in both glaucoma groups compared with the cataracts group (GG vs CG, p=2.51 E-12; DG vs CG, p=5.06 E-05), and was more significantly decreased in GG than in DG (p=9.23 E-07). Conclusions Topical administration of dorzolamide colirium diminishes oxidative stress in patients with glaucoma.