bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charting a course through the CEAs: diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Rowe Christopher W. , Bendinelli Cino , McGrath Shaun 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMedullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid cancer that requires a high index of suspicion to facilitate diagnosis of early‐stage disease amenable to surgical cure. The challenges of diagnosis, as well as management in the setting of persistent disease, are explored in the context of a case presenting with the incidental finding of elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and an 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET)‐positive thyroid incidentaloma detected following treatment of colorectal cancer. Strategies to individualize prognosis, and emerging PET‐based imaging modalities, particularly the potential role of 18F‐DOPA‐PET in staging, are reviewed.
BlendForces: A Dynamic Framework for Facial Animation
Authors: Barrielle Vincent , Stoiber Nicolas , Cagniart Cédric 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper we present a new paradigm for the generation and retargeting of facial animation. Like a vast majority of the approaches that have adressed these topics, our formalism is built on blendshapes. However, where prior works have generally encoded facial geometry using a low dimensional basis of these blendshapes, we propose to encode facial dynamics by looking at blendshapes as a basis of forces rather than a basis of shapes. We develop this idea into a dynamic model that naturally combines the blendshapes paradigm with physics‐based techniques for the simulation of deforming meshes. Because it escapes the linear span of the shape basis through time‐integration and physics‐inspired simulation, this approach has a wider expressive range than previous blendshape‐based methods. Its inherent physically‐based formulation also enables the simulation of more advanced physical interactions, such as collision responses on lip contacts.
Near‐Instant Capture of High‐Resolution Facial Geometry and Reflectance
Authors: Fyffe G. , Graham P. , Tunwattanapong B. , Ghosh A. , Debevec P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a near‐instant method for acquiring facial geometry and reflectance using a set of commodity DSLR cameras and flashes. Our setup consists of twenty‐four cameras and six flashes which are fired in rapid succession with subsets of the cameras. Each camera records only a single photograph and the total capture time is less than the 67ms blink reflex. The cameras and flashes are specially arranged to produce an even distribution of specular highlights on the face. We employ this set of acquired images to estimate diffuse color, specular intensity, specular exponent, and surface orientation at each point on the face. We further refine the facial base geometry obtained from multi‐view stereo using estimated diffuse and specular photometric information. This allows final submillimeter surface mesostructure detail to be obtained via shape‐from‐specularity. The final system uses commodity components and produces models suitable for authoring high‐quality digital human characters.
Learning 3D Deformation of Animals from 2D Images
Authors: Kanazawa Angjoo , Kovalsky Shahar , Basri Ronen , Jacobs David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how an animal can deform and articulate is essential for a realistic modification of its 3D model. In this paper, we show that such information can be learned from user‐clicked 2D images and a template 3D model of the target animal. We present a volumetric deformation framework that produces a set of new 3D models by deforming a template 3D model according to a set of user‐clicked images. Our framework is based on a novel locally‐bounded deformation energy, where every local region has its own stiffness value that bounds how much distortion is allowed at that location. We jointly learn the local stiffness bounds as we deform the template 3D mesh to match each user‐clicked image. We show that this seemingly complex task can be solved as a sequence of convex optimization problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on cats and horses, which are highly deformable and articulated animals. Our framework produces new 3D models of animals that are significantly more plausible than methods without learned stiffness.
Methanogenic abundance and changes in community structure along a rice soil chronosequence from east China
Authors: Liu Y. , Wang P. , Crowley D. , Liu X. , Chen J. , Li L. , Zheng J. , Zhang X. , Zheng J. , Pan G. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryChanges in abundance, community structure and activity of archaea were investigated for rice paddy soil under long‐term cultivation along a chronosequence that spans 700 years in a coastal area of east China. Topsoil samples were analysed for archaeal abundance and community structures, which were determined with archaeal 16S rRNA and methanogenic mcrA genes. Methane production potential (MPP) was evaluated concurrently with a laboratory anaerobic incubation of treated topsoil samples. Gene abundance of archaea and methanogenic archaea increased from 6.70 × 106 and 1.53 × 105 copies g−1 in marsh to 2.89 × 108 and 2.73 × 107 copies g−1 in rice soil cultivated for seven centuries, respectively. Compared with the uncultivated marsh, diversity indices for both archaea and methanogenic archaea increased markedly with rice cultivation. Methanogenic archaeal community structure was dominated by Methanosarcinales and changed to a lesser extent after 100 years. The measured MPP varied over a range from 241.3 to 301.1 µg CH4 g−1 for the rice soil, whereas it was 101.3 µg CH4 g−1 for the uncultivated marsh soil. Therefore, gene abundance of both archaea and methanogenic archaea appeared to increase with the accumulation of organic matter following long‐term rice cultivation. The changes in MPP and community structure, however, were independent of differences in archaeal abundance. This suggests a complex interaction of soil organic matter, archaeal abundance and community structure, which could change the potential methanogenic activity in rice soil with long histories of rice cultivation.HighlightsHow do archaeal and methanogenic archaeal communities change in response to long‐term rice cultivation?
Improve understanding of archaeal communities and their function in rice soil over hundreds of years.
Change in the archaeal community structure was controlled by soil desalinization and decalcification.
Archaeal community diversity precedes soil morphological and mineralogical development.
Independent Mating Preferences for Male Body Size and Coloration in Female Trinidadian Guppies
Authors: Auld Heather L. , Pusiak Ryan J. P. , Godin Jean‐Guy J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough females in numerous species generally prefer males with larger, brighter and more elaborate sexual traits, there is nonetheless considerable intra‐ and interpopulation variation in mating preferences amongst females that requires explanation. Such variation exists in the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, an important model organism for the study of sexual selection and mate choice. While female guppies tend to prefer more ornamented males as mates, particularly those with greater amounts of orange coloration, there remains variation both in male traits and female mating preferences within and between populations. Male body size is another trait that is sexually selected through female mate choice in some species, but has not been examined as extensively as body coloration in the guppy despite known intra‐ and interpopulation variation in this trait among adult males and its importance for survivorship in this species. In this study, we used a dichotomous‐choice test to quantify the mating preferences of female guppies, originating from a low‐predation population in Trinidad, for two male traits, body length and area of the body covered with orange and black pigmentation, independently of each other. We expected strong female mating preferences for both male body length and coloration in this population, given relaxation from predation and presumably relatively low cost of choice. Females indeed exhibited a strong preference for larger males as expected, but surprisingly a weaker (but nonetheless significant) preference for orange and black coloration. Interestingly, larger females demonstrated stronger preferences for larger males than did smaller females, which could potentially lead to size‐assortative mating in nature.
The association of change in medication regimen and use of inappropriate medication based on beers criteria with adverse outcomes in Japanese long‐term care facilities
Authors: Ishii Shinya , Kojima Taro , Ezawa Kazuhiko , Higashi Kentaro , Ikebata Yukihiko , Takehisa Yozo , Akishita Masahiro 
Published: May 2016

AimTo describe medication use including potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and examine the association between adverse outcomes and patient factors including PIM use in Japanese elderly patients in long‐term care facilities.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 470 patients in 53 Geriatric Health Service Facilities and 44 Sanatorium Type Medical Care Facilities for the Elderly Requiring Long Term Care. Standardized forms were used to collect information including oral and parenteral medication use on admission, and 1 month and 3 months after admission. PIMs were determined by the 2003 or 2012 Beers criteria. Adverse outcomes were any medical events leading to emergency department transfer, hospitalization to acute care hospitals or death.ResultsA total of 2,227 oral medications and 197 parenteral medications were prescribed for 470 patients on admission. PIM exposure based on the 2003 and 2012 Beers criteria was observed in 11.9% and 37.5%, respectively. Adverse outcomes within 3 months after admission were observed in 8.9% of the entire cohort, and were associated with age, sex, facility type and number of parenteral medications on admission. Adverse outcomes between one and three months after admission were associated with age, sex, number of parenteral medications at one month, and a change in the number of oral and parenteral medications within one month after admission. PIM exposure was not associated with adverse outcomes in any models.ConclusionsUse of PIM was prevalent in long‐term care facilities. Our findings support the importance of comprehensive assessment of medication regimens including parenteral medication. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 591–597.
Lichen sclerosis: clinicopathological study of 60 cases from Lebanon
Authors: Knio Zeina , Kurban Mazen , Abbas Ossama 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundLichen sclerosus (LS) is an uncommon idiopathic chronic inflammatory debilitating disease with predilection for the genital region. Our recent encounter with an LS case exhibiting perineural inflammation microscopically prompted us to assess the features of all patients diagnosed with LS at our institution.Materials and methodsAll cases of LS diagnosed between 1990 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed with demonstration of microscopic features typical of LS.ResultsSixty patients (42 women and 18 men) with 65 biopsy specimens of LS were identified, of which 41 were extragenital, 16 genital, and three had both. Histopathologically, significantly higher proportions of follicular plugging, atrophy, and vacuolar interface changes were observed in extragenital LS cases, while angiokeratoma‐like, mycosis fungoides‐like, and pseudoepitheliomatous changes were only seen in genital LS. Perineural inflammation was observed as a novel finding in 22 cases (33.8%) of LS.ConclusionFeatures of patients with LS in this study are generally comparable to those published in the literature, with some differences. In contrast to the literature, extragenital LS was more frequently encountered. Histopathologically, perineural inflammation was not an uncommon feature of LS and thus may serve as a clue in the differentiation of LS from its mimickers.
The triad psoriasis–obesity–adipokine profile
Authors: Coimbra S. , Catarino C. , Santos‐Silva A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, often associated with overweight/obesity. The adipose tissue is a complex organ that secretes several adipokines, involved in the regulation of some metabolic processes, such as lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure and inflammation. In obesity, the distribution and function of adipose tissue, and the adipokine profile are altered. The unbalanced production of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory adipokines in obesity, contributes to the development of a chronic low‐grade inflammation state, which seems to favour worsening of psoriasis lesion and a poorer response to treatment. In this review, we will debate published data concerning the current knowledge about the triad psoriasis–obesity–adipokine profile.
Physical health issues in adults with severe or profound intellectual and motor disabilities: a systematic review of cross‐sectional studies
Authors: van Timmeren E. A. , van der Schans C. P. , van der Putten A. A. J. , Krijnen W. P. , Steenbergen H. A. , van Schrojenstein Lantman‐de Valk H. M. J. , Waninge A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeople with severe or profound intellectual and motor disabilities (SPIMD) encounter several risk factors associated with higher mortality rates. They are also likely to experience a cluster of health problems related to the severe brain damage/dysfunction. In order to earlier detect physical health problems in people with SPIMD, first of all, knowledge regarding the prevalence of physical health problems is necessary. The aim of this systematic review was to methodically review cross‐sectional studies on the prevalence of various types of physical health problems in adults with SPIMD.MethodMedLine/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 2004 and 2015. The quality of the incorporated studies was assessed utilising an adjusted ‘risk of bias tool’ for cross‐sectional studies. To estimate the prevalence of the health problems, the proportion and corresponding confidence interval were calculated. A random effect meta‐analysis was performed when at least three studies on a specific health problem were available.ResultsIn total, 20 studies were included and analysed. In the meta‐analysis, a homogeneous prevalence rate of 70% (CI 65–75%) was determined for epilepsy. Heterogeneous results were ascertained in the meta‐analysis for pulmonary/respiratory problems, hearing problems, dysphagia, reflux disease and visual problems. For the health problems identified in two studies or in a single study, the degree of evidence was low. As expected, higher prevalence rates were found in the current review compared with people with ID for visual problems, epilepsy and spasticity.ConclusionThis review provides an overview of the current state of the art research on the prevalence of health problems in adults with SPIMD. There is a substantial need for comprehensive epidemiological data in order to find clusters of health problems specific for people with SPIMD. This would provide insight into the excess morbidity associated with SPIMD.
Metamorphism of high‐P metagreywacke from the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis: phase equilibria and P–T path
Authors: Tian Z. , Zhang Z. , Dong X. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh‐pressure (HP) metagreywacke from the Namche Barwa Complex, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS), consists of garnet, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile and ilmenite with or without K‐feldspar, sillimanite, cordierite, spinel and orthopyroxene. Two types of metagreywacke are recognized: medium‐temperature (MT) and high‐temperature (HT) types. Garnet in the MT metagreywacke shows significant growth zoning and contains lower MgO than the weakly zoned garnet in the HT metagreywacke. Petrographic observations and phase equilibria modelling for four representative samples indicate that both types of metagreywacke experienced clockwise P–T paths subdivided into three stages: stage I is the pre‐peak prograde to pressure peak (Pmax) stage characterized by progressive increase in P–T conditions. The Pmax conditions are estimated using the garnet composition with maximum CaO, being 12.5–13.5 kbar and 685–725 °C for the MT metagreywacke, and 15–16 kbar and 825–835 °C for the HT one. Stage II is the post‐Pmax decompression with heating or near‐isothermal to Tmax stage and the Tmax conditions, constrained using the garnet compositions with maximum MgO, are 11 kbar and 760 °C for the MT metagreywacke, and ~12 kbar and 830–845 °C for the HT one. The modelled mineral assemblages at Tmax are garnet + biotite + K‐feldspar + rutile + plagioclase ± ilmenite in the presence of melt for both types of metagreywacke, consistent with the petrographic observations. Stage III is the post‐Tmax retrograde metamorphism, characterized by decompression and cooling. The modelling suggests that the melts with high Na/K ratios (1.7–5.2) have been produced during stages I and II, which could be responsible for the formation of sodium‐rich leucogranites. This study and previous results indicate that the Higher Himalayan Crystallines in the EHS consist of MT–HP and HT–HP metamorphic units separated by a speculated tectonic contact. Petrological and structural discontinuities within the EHS cannot be easily interpreted with ‘tectonic aneurysm’ model.
Third‐harmonic generation imaging of breast tissue biopsies
Authors: LEE WOOWON , KABIR MOHAMMAD M. , EMMADI RAJYASREE , TOUSSAINT KIMANI C. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe demonstrate for the first time the imaging of unstained breast tissue biopsies using third‐harmonic generation (THG) microscopy. As a label‐free imaging technique, THG microscopy is compared to phase contrast and polarized light microscopy which are standard imaging methods for breast tissues. A simple feature detection algorithm is applied to detect tumour‐associated lymphocyte rich regions in unstained breast biopsy tissue and compared with corresponding regions identified by a pathologist from bright‐field images of hematoxylin and eosin stained breast tissue. Our results suggest that THG imaging holds potential as a complementary technique for analysing breast tissue biopsies.
The orthotropic elastic properties of fibrolamellar bone tissue in juvenile white‐tailed deer femora
Authors: Barrera John W. , Le Cabec Adeline , Barak Meir M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFibrolamellar bone is a transient primary bone tissue found in fast‐growing juvenile mammals, several species of birds and large dinosaurs. Despite the fact that this bone tissue is prevalent in many species, the vast majority of bone structural and mechanical studies are focused on human osteonal bone tissue. Previous research revealed the orthotropic structure of fibrolamellar bone, but only a handful of experiments investigated its elastic properties, mostly in the axial direction. Here we have performed for the first time an extensive biomechanical study to determine the elastic properties of fibrolamellar bone in all three orthogonal directions. We have tested 30 fibrolamellar bone cubes (2 × 2 × 2 mm) from the femora of five juvenile white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in compression. Each bone cube was compressed iteratively, within its elastic region, in the axial, transverse and radial directions, and bone stiffness (Young's modulus) was recorded. Next, the cubes were kept for 7 days at 4 °C and then compressed again to test whether bone stiffness had significantly deteriorated. Our results demonstrated that bone tissue in the deer femora has an orthotropic elastic behavior where the highest stiffness was in the axial direction followed by the transverse and the radial directions (21.6 ± 3.3, 17.6 ± 3.0 and 14.9 ± 1.9 Gpa, respectively). Our results also revealed a slight non‐significant decrease in bone stiffness after 7 days. Finally, our sample size allowed us to establish that population variance was much bigger in the axial direction than the radial direction, potentially reflecting bone adaptation to the large diversity in loading activity between individuals in the loading direction (axial) compared with the normal (radial) direction. This study confirms that the mechanically well‐studied human transverse‐isotropic osteonal bone is just one possible functional adaptation of bone tissue and that other vertebrate species use an orthotropic bone tissue structure which is more suitable for their mechanical requirements.
Trifolium species – the latest findings on chemical profile, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological properties
Authors: Kolodziejczyk-Czepas Joanna 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Clovers (Trifolium, Fabaceae) have a long history of use in folk medicine. Furthermore, during last 3 years, a considerable growth in scientific interest in these plants has been observed. This article summarizes and critically reviews an over 3-year progress of knowledge of ethnomedicinal use, phytochemical profile, physiological effects and possible therapeutic action of various clover species. It contains the latest literature (over 80 papers), originated from international databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct/Elsevier, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library) and reports from other international and local scientific periodicals.

Key findings
Traditional uses of T. pratense and T. repens have been confirmed, while the folk medicine recommendations for administration of other clovers such as T. burchellianum, T. fragiferum, T. hybridum, T. minus and T. purpureum were reported for the first time. Furthermore, several other clover species were also investigated in terms of their antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytoestrogenic effects for the first time. Only T. alexandrinum, T. pratense and T. medium were examined in animal studies.

Summary
Besides T. pratense, other clovers may be a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. However, in contradiction to red clover, the therapeutic use of other clovers is still limited by the lack of in-vivo evidence.
Effect of estrogen on visceral sensory function in a non‐inflammatory colonic hypersensitivity rat model
Authors: Knuesel C. , Oulevey‐Meier M. , Flogerzi B. , Krayer M. , Gschossmann I. , Miller J. , Tovar L. , Janko S. , Gschossmann J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncreased prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in women and perimenstrually accentuated symptoms imply that sexual hormones play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of such syndromes. The aim of this study was to analyze the selective effect of estrogen on visceral sensitivity in gonadectomized female and male Lewis rats with or without prior treatment with butyrate enemas.MethodsFollowing ovariectomy (OVX) or orchiectomy (ORX) estradiol pellets (E2‐P) or sham pellets (Sham‐P) were implanted. After treatment with butyrate (BUT) or saline (NaCl) enemas, colorectal distensions (CRD) were performed and the visceromotor reflex (VMR) to CRD was measured by electromyography.Key ResultsGender did not influence VMR to CRD in gonadectomized animals. VMR in E2‐P animals compared to Sham‐P animals was increased (635 ± 32 μVs vs 470 ± 39 μVs; p = 0.002). Overall, instillation of butyrate enemas did not influence VMR to CRD. A comparison of CRD clusters showed that butyrate enemas in the E2‐P animals resulted in a significant sensitization in both OVX and ORX animals. In female rats, sensitization was also caused by estrogen substitution alone.Conclusion & InferencesIn our animal model, estrogen is a strong factor for an increase in visceral sensory function. Surprisingly, the treatment with butyrate alone did not evoke a general rise in VMR to CRD. Rats treated with butyrate enemas and under selective estrogen substitution developed visceral sensitization during the series of CRDs.