bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measured and calculated variables of global oxygenation in healthy neonatal foals
Authors: Wong David M. , Hepworth-Warren Kate L. , Sponseller Beatrice T. , Howard Joan M. , Wang Chong 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess multiple central venous and arterial blood variables that alone or in conjunction with one another reflect global oxygenation status in healthy neonatal foals.
ANIMALS 11 healthy neonatal foals.
PROCEDURES Central venous and arterial blood samples were collected from healthy neonatal foals at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after birth. Variables measured from central venous and arterial blood samples included oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, partial pressure of oxygen, lactate concentration, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and pH. Calculated variables included venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide gap, estimated oxygen extraction ratio, ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to the fraction of inspired oxygen, bicarbonate concentration, base excess, and blood oxygen content.
RESULTS Significant differences between arterial and central venous blood obtained from neonatal foals were detected for several variables, particularly partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and oxygen content. In addition, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in central venous blood samples was significantly higher than the value for corresponding arterial blood samples. Several temporal differences were detected for other variables.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study provided information about several variables that reflect global oxygenation in healthy neonatal foals. Values for these variables in healthy foals can allow for comparison with values for critically ill foals in future studies. Comparison of these variables between healthy and ill foals may aid in treatment decisions and prognosis of clinical outcome for critically ill foals.
Serum interleukin-8 and insulin like growth factor-1 in Egyptian bladder cancer patients
Authors: Mahmoud Moushira A. , Ali Mohamed H. , Hassoba Howayda M. , Elhadidy Gehan S. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Bladder cancer is a major health problem in Egypt as it represents the most common malignancy. Aim: Evaluation of the potential usefulness of serum IL-8 and IGF-1 in Egyptian bladder cancer patients. Methods: Serum levels of IL-8 and IGF-1 were determined in 51 bladder cancer patients and 45 controls using a chemiluminescence enzyme immunometric assay. Results: Serum IL-8 was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (P < 0.0001). It was significantly higher in patients with invasive cancer than those with superficial cancer (P < 0.01). Also, IL-8 showed a significant elevation in relation to schistosomal infection (P = 0.02) however, it did not differ in relation to either pathological type of tumor or its grade (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that IL-8 cut-off value of 35 pg/mL yielded the best combination of sensitivity (71%) and specificity (98%) for differentiating patients with bladder cancer from control subjects. Serum IGF-1 levels showed no significant difference between bladder cancer patients and controls (P > 0.05). There was no relationship between IGF-1 levels and clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions: In Egyptian patients with bladder cancer, serum IL-8 is significantly elevated and its level is related to tumor invasion and associated schistosomal infection. Moreover, serum IGF-1 level does not help as a serum tumor marker in these patients.
Disability in Activities of Daily Living and Severity of Dyskinesias Determine the Handicap of Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Advanced Stage Selected to DBS
Authors: Coelho Miguel , Abreu Daisy , Correia-Guedes Leonor , Lobo Patricia Pita , Fabbri Margherita , Godinho Catarina , Domingos Josefa , Albuquerque Luisa , Freitas Vanda , Pereira João Miguel , Cattoni Begona , Carvalho Herculano , Reimão Sofia , Rosa Mário M. , Ferreira António Gonalves , Ferreira Joaquim J. 
Published: January 2017

Background: There is scarce data on the level of handicap in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and none in advanced stage PD. Objective: To assess the handicap in advanced stage PD patients with disabling levodopa-induced motor complications selected to deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: Data was prospectively recorded during routine evaluation for DBS. Handicap was measured using London Handicap Scale (LHS) (0 = maximal handicap; 1 = no handicap). Disease severity was evaluated using the Hoehn & Yahr scale and the UPDRS/MDS-UPDRS, during off and on after a supra-maximal dose of levodopa. Schwab and England Scale (S&E) was scored in off and on. Dyskinesias were scored using the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (mAIMS). Results concern cross-sectional assessment before DBS. Results: 100 PD patients (mean age 61 (±7.6); mean disease duration 12.20 (±4.6) years) were included. Median score of motor MDS-UPDRS was 54 in off and 25 in on. Mean total LHS score was 0.56 (±0.14). Patients were handicapped in several domains with a wide range of severity. Physical Independence and Social Integration were the most affected domains. Determinants of total LHS score were MDS-UPDRS part II off (β= –0.271; p = 0.020), S&E on (β= 0.264; p = 0.005) and off (β= 0.226; p = 0.020), and mAIMS on (β= –0.183; p = 0.042) scores (R2  = 29.6%). Conclusions: We were able to use handicap to measure overall health condition in advanced stage PD. Patients were moderately to highly handicapped and this was strongly determined by disability in ADL and dyskinesias. Change in handicap may be a good patient-centred outcome to assess efficiency of DBS.
Detection of concealed cars in complex cargo X-ray imagery using Deep Learning
Authors: Jaccard Nicolas , Rogers Thomas W. , Morton Edward J. , Griffin Lewis D. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND: Non-intrusive inspection systems based on X-ray radiography techniques are routinely used at transport hubs to ensure the conformity of cargo content with the supplied shipping manifest. As trade volumes increase and regulations become more stringent, manual inspection by trained operators is less and less viable due to low throughput. Machine vision techniques can assist operators in their task by automating parts of the inspection workflow. Since cars are routinely involved in trafficking, export fraud, and tax evasion schemes, they represent an attractive target for automated detection and flagging for subsequent inspection by operators. OBJECTIVE: Development and evaluation of a novel method for the automated detection of cars in complex X-ray cargo imagery. METHODS: X-ray cargo images from a stream-of-commerce dataset were classified using a window-based scheme. The limited number of car images was addressed by using an oversampling scheme. Different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures were compared with well-established bag of words approaches. In addition, robustness to concealment was evaluated by projection of objects into car images. RESULTS: CNN approaches outperformed all other methods evaluated, achieving 100% car image classification rate for a false positive rate of 1-in-454. Cars that were partially or completely obscured by other goods, a modus operandi frequently adopted by criminals, were correctly detected. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this level of performance suggests that the method is suitable for deployment in the field. It is expected that the generic object detection workflow described can be extended to other object classes given the availability of suitable training data.
Diagnostic accuracy of GPs when using an early-intervention decision support system: a high-fidelity simulation
Authors: Kostopoulou Olga , Porat Talya , Corrigan Derek , Mahmoud Samhar , Delaney Brendan C 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundObservational and experimental studies of the diagnostic task have demonstrated the importance of the first hypotheses that come to mind for accurate diagnosis. A prototype decision support system (DSS) designed to support GPs’ first impressions has been integrated with a commercial electronic health record (EHR) system.AimTo evaluate the prototype DSS in a high-fidelity simulation.Design and settingWithin-participant design: 34 GPs consulted with six standardised patients (actors) using their usual EHR. On a different day, GPs used the EHR with the integrated DSS to consult with six other patients, matched for difficulty and counterbalanced.MethodEntering the reason for encounter triggered the DSS, which provided a patient-specific list of potential diagnoses, and supported coding of symptoms during the consultation. At each consultation, GPs recorded their diagnosis and management. At the end, they completed a usability questionnaire. The actors completed a satisfaction questionnaire after each consultation.ResultsThere was an 8–9% absolute improvement in diagnostic accuracy when the DSS was used. This improvement was significant (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13 to 1.77,P<0.01). There was no associated increase of investigations ordered or consultation length. GPs coded significantly more data when using the DSS (mean 12.35 with the DSS versus 1.64 without), and were generally satisfied with its usability. Patient satisfaction ratings were the same for consultations with and without the DSS.ConclusionThe DSS prototype was successfully employed in simulated consultations of high fidelity, with no measurable influences on patient satisfaction. The substantially increased data coding can operate as motivation for future DSS adoption.
Twins in spirit part IV – [177Lu] high affinity DOTATATE
Authors: Hartmann Holger , Wunderlich Gerd , Schottelius Margret , Wester Hans-Jürgen , Kotzerke Jörg , Brogsitter Claudia 
Published: January 2017

Summary
Aim: Besides the use of somatostatin analogues, small molecules like sunitinib and everolimus as well as conventional chemotherapy, peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) using radiolabelled somatostatin analogues has gained an important role in the treatment of inoperable, metastasized neuroendocrine tumours (NET). There are various radiotracers in use. Based on our experience with the PET tracer [68Ga]DOTA-3-iodo- Tyr3-octreotate ([68Ga]HA-DOTATATE), a DOTATATE derivative with an increased binding affinity to hsst5, the current retrospective analysis is exploring the therapeutic potential of [177Lu]HA-DOTATATE. Methods: Eighteen patients with metastatic NET (G1/G2) were treated using [177Lu]DOTATATE and/or [177Lu]HA-DOTATATE, and dosimetric results of both tracers were compared. Results: Using [177Lu]HA-DOTATATE, a mean tumour dose of 5.34 Gy/GBq (median 2.53 Gy/ GBq; range 0.89-33.3 Gy/GBq) was achieved, while [177Lu]DOTATATE delivered a tumour dose of 5.53 Gy/GBq (median 2.70 Gy/GBq; range 0.44-15.3 Gy/GBq). Organ doses for [177Lu]HA-DOTATATE vs. [177Lu]DOTATATE were as follows: kidney 2.31 ± 0.85 vs. 2.03 ± 0.96 Gy/GBq, liver 1.6 ± 0.79 vs. 1.67 ± 1.73 Gy/GBq, spleen 3.89 ± 4.04 vs. 4.50 ± 3.69 Gy/GBq and whole body 0.16 ± 0.10 Gy/GBq vs. 0.15 ± 0.08 Gy/ GBq. Tumour-to-kidney dose ratio was slightly higher for [177Lu]DOTATATE (2.4 ± 5.6) compared to [177Lu]HA-DOTATATE (1.5 ± 3.6). Conclusion: Both tracers showed marked inter-patient variation in their dosimetry, and no significant differences in dosimetry of [177Lu]HA- DOTATATE and [177Lu]DOTATATE were observed when taking all patients into account. Thus, [177Lu]HA-DOTATATE appears viable for PRRT, although it was marginally inferior regarding kidney dose and tumour-to-kidney dose ratio compared to the established [177Lu]DOTATATE.
Imaging Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in a Solar Eruptive Flare
Authors: Li Y. , Sun X. , Ding M. D. , Qiu J. , Priest E. R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Solar flares are among the most energetic events in the solar atmosphere. It is widely accepted that flares are powered by magnetic reconnection in the corona. An eruptive flare is usually accompanied by a coronal mass ejection, both of which are probably driven by the eruption of a magnetic flux rope (MFR). Here we report an eruptive flare on 2016 March 23 observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The extreme-ultraviolet imaging observations exhibit the clear rise and eruption of an MFR. In particular, the observations reveal solid evidence of magnetic reconnection from both the corona and chromosphere during the flare. Moreover, weak reconnection is observed before the start of the flare. We find that the preflare weak reconnection is of tether-cutting type and helps the MFR to rise slowly. Induced by a further rise of the MFR, strong reconnection occurs in the rise phases of the flare, which is temporally related to the MFR eruption. We also find that the magnetic reconnection is more of 3D-type in the early phase, as manifested in a strong-to-weak shear transition in flare loops, and becomes more 2D-like in the later phase, as shown by the apparent rising motion of an arcade of flare loops.
Dynamics of the Plasmoid-unstable Regime in Different Multiple-current Plasmas
Authors: Nemati M. J. , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Wei Lai 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The dynamics of plasmoid instability in multiple-current plasmas with different system sizes is investigated by means of resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations. As the system size is increased, the secondary current sheets become very long, producing more plasmoids. It is found that the dependence on resistivity η of the number of plasmoids changes from no clear scaling for small system size, to scaling in

for large system size. Moreover, increasing the current length of the system weakens the negative dependence of the early growth rate of the monster plasmoid on η. This is qualitatively different from the reconnection rate for a single-current sheet, where it usually has a positive dependence on η or is independent of η. In addition, increasing the current length significantly increases the maximum width of the monster plasmoid in the low-η regime, manifesting a scaling

.
AstroSat/LAXPC Observation of Cygnus X-1 in the Hard State
Authors: Misra Ranjeev , Yadav J S , Chauhan Jai Verdhan , Agrawal P C , Antia H M , Pahari Mayukh , Chitnis V R , Dedhia Dhiraj , Katoch Tilak , Madhwani P. , Manchanda R K , Paul B , Shah Parag 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We report the first analysis of data from AstroSat/LAXPC observations of Cygnus X-1 in 2016 January. LAXPC spectra reveals that the source was in the canonical hard state, represented by a prominent thermal Comptonization component having a photon index of ∼1.8 and high temperature of kT

e
> 60 keV along with weak reflection and possible disk emission. The power spectrum can be characterized by two broad lorentzian functions centered at ∼0.4 and ∼3 Hz. The rms of the low-frequency component decreases from ∼15% at around 4 keV to ∼10% at around 50 keV, while that of the high-frequency one varies less rapidly from ∼13.5% to ∼11.5% in the same energy range. The time lag between the hard (20–40 keV) and soft (5–10 keV) bands varies in a step-like manner being nearly constant at ∼50 milliseconds from 0.3 to 0.9 Hz, decreasing to ∼8 milliseconds from 2 to 5 Hz and finally dropping to ∼2 milliseconds for higher frequencies. The time lags increase with energy for both the low and high-frequency components. The event mode LAXPC data allows for flux resolved spectral analysis on a timescale of 1 s, which clearly shows that the photon index increased from ∼1.72 to ∼1.80 as the flux increased by nearly a factor of two. We discuss the results in the framework of the fluctuation propagation model.
Chandra and JVLA Observations of HST Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745
Authors: van Weeren R. J. , Ogrean G. A. , Jones C. , Forman W. R. , Andrade-Santos F. , Pearce Connor J. J. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Bulbul E. , Clarke T. E. , Churazov E. , David L. , Dawson W. A. , Donahue M. , Goulding A. , Kraft R. P. , Mason B. , Merten J. , Mroczkowski T. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Rosati P. , Roediger E. , Randall S. W. , Sayers J. , Umetsu K. , Vikhlinin A. , Zitrin A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
To investigate the relationship between thermal and non-thermal components in merger galaxy clusters, we present deep JVLA and Chandra observations of the HST Frontier Fields cluster MACS J0717.5+3745. The Chandra image shows a complex merger event, with at least four components belonging to different merging subclusters. Northwest of the cluster, ∼0.7 Mpc from the center, there is a ram-pressure-stripped core that appears to have traversed the densest parts of the cluster after entering the intracluster medium (ICM) from the direction of a galaxy filament to the southeast. We detect a density discontinuity north-northeast of this core, which we speculate is associated with a cold front. Our radio images reveal new details for the complex radio relic and radio halo in this cluster. In addition, we discover several new filamentary radio sources with sizes of 100–300 kpc. A few of these seem to be connected to the main radio relic, while others are either embedded within the radio halo or projected onto it. A narrow-angled-tailed (NAT) radio galaxy, a cluster member, is located at the center of the radio relic. The steep spectrum tails of this active galactic nucleus lead into the large radio relic where the radio spectrum flattens again. This morphological connection between the NAT radio galaxy and relic provides evidence for re-acceleration (revival) of fossil electrons. The presence of hot ≳20 keV ICM gas detected by Chandra near the relic location provides additional support for this re-acceleration scenario.
Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Dayside–Nightside Temperature Differences. II. Comparison with Observations
Authors: Komacek Thaddeus D. , Showman Adam P. , Tan Xianyu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The full-phase infrared light curves of low-eccentricity hot Jupiters show a trend of increasing fractional dayside–nightside brightness temperature difference with increasing incident stellar flux, both averaged across the infrared and in each individual wavelength band. The analytic theory of Komacek & Showman shows that this trend is due to the decreasing ability with increasing incident stellar flux of waves to propagate from day to night and erase temperature differences. Here, we compare the predictions of this theory with observations, showing that it explains well the shape of the trend of increasing dayside–nightside temperature difference with increasing equilibrium temperature. Applied to individual planets, the theory matches well with observations at high equilibrium temperatures but, for a fixed photosphere pressure of

, systematically underpredicts the dayside–nightside brightness temperature differences at equilibrium temperatures less than

. We interpret this as being due to the effects of a process that moves the infrared photospheres of these cooler hot Jupiters to lower pressures. We also utilize general circulation modeling with double-gray radiative transfer to explore how the circulation changes with equilibrium temperature and drag strengths. As expected from our theory, the dayside–nightside temperature differences from our numerical simulations increase with increasing incident stellar flux and drag strengths. We calculate model phase curves using our general circulation models, from which we compare the broadband infrared offset from the substellar point and dayside–nightside brightness temperature differences against observations, finding that strong drag or additional effects (e.g., clouds and/or supersolar metallicities) are necessary to explain many observed phase curves.
Minidisks in Binary Black Hole Accretion
Authors: Ryan Geoffrey , MacFadyen Andrew 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Newtonian simulations have demonstrated that accretion onto binary black holes produces accretion disks around each black hole (“minidisks”), fed by gas streams flowing through the circumbinary cavity from the surrounding circumbinary disk. We study the dynamics and radiation of an individual black hole minidisk using 2D hydrodynamical simulations performed with a new general relativistic version of the moving-mesh code Disco. We introduce a comoving energy variable that enables highly accurate integration of these high Mach number flows. Tidally induced spiral shock waves are excited in the disk and propagate through the innermost stable circular orbit, providing a Reynolds stress that causes efficient accretion by purely hydrodynamic means and producing a radiative signature brighter in hard X-rays than the Novikov–Thorne model. Disk cooling is provided by a local blackbody prescription that allows the disk to evolve self-consistently to a temperature profile where hydrodynamic heating is balanced by radiative cooling. We find that the spiral shock structure is in agreement with the relativistic dispersion relation for tightly wound linear waves. We measure the shock-induced dissipation and find outward angular momentum transport corresponding to an effective alpha parameter of order 0.01. We perform ray-tracing image calculations from the simulations to produce theoretical minidisk spectra and viewing-angle-dependent images for comparison with observations.
A New Generation of Standard Solar Models
Authors: Vinyoles Núria , Serenelli Aldo M. , Villante Francesco L. , Basu Sarbani , Bergström Johannes , Gonzalez-Garcia M. C. , Maltoni Michele , Peña-Garay Carlos , Song Ningqiang 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We compute a new generation of standard solar models (SSMs) that includes recent updates on some important nuclear reaction rates and a more consistent treatment of the equation of state. Models also include a novel and flexible treatment of opacity uncertainties based on opacity kernels, required in light of recent theoretical and experimental works on radiative opacity. Two large sets of SSMs, each based on a different canonical set of solar abundances with high and low metallicity (Z), are computed to determine model uncertainties and correlations among different observables. We present detailed comparisons of high- and low-Z models against different ensembles of solar observables, including solar neutrinos, surface helium abundance, depth of the convective envelope, and sound speed profile. A global comparison, including all observables, yields a p-value of 2.7σ for the high-Z model and 4.7σ for the low-Z one. When the sound speed differences in the narrow region of

are excluded from the analysis, results are 0.9σ and 3.0σ for high- and low-Z models respectively. These results show that high-Z models agree well with solar data but have a systematic problem right below the bottom of the convective envelope linked to steepness of molecular weight and temperature gradients, and that low-Z models lead to a much more general disagreement with solar data. We also show that, while simple parametrizations of opacity uncertainties can strongly alleviate the solar abundance problem, they are insufficient to substantially improve the agreement of SSMs with helioseismic data beyond that obtained for high-Z models due to the intrinsic correlations of theoretical predictions.