bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy cattle in the Macalister Irrigation District of Victoria
Authors: Bullen SL , Beggs DS , Mansell PD , Runciman DJ , Malmo J , Playford MC , Pyman MF 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo report anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematode parasites of cattle on commercial dairy farms in the Macalister Irrigation District of Gippsland, Victoria.MethodsFaecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) were used to assess anthelmintic resistance on 20 Macalister Irrigation District dairy farms between May 2013 and June 2014. All three currently available anthelmintic classes for cattle nematodes in Australia were tested. Faecal samples were collected 10–14 days post‐treatment for individual faecal egg counts (FEC) and larval differentiation. The arithmetic mean FEC for each treatment group was compared with an untreated control post‐treatment. Resistance was defined as <95% reduction in FEC, with a lower 95% confidence interval <90% when the mean FEC of the control group, differentiated by genus, was greater than 25 eggs/g.ResultsAnthelmintic resistance was present on all 20 dairy farms involved in this study. Resistance to doramectin in at least one species was detected on 15/20 (70%) farms, fenbendazole on 16/20 (80%) farms and levamisole on 5/20 (25%) farms. On three farms, resistance by Ostertagia ostertagi to all three anthelmintic classes was detected.ConclusionThis is the first report of anthelmintic‐resistant O. ostertagi on Australian dairy farms. Resistance to all three available anthelmintic classes is of concern, given the high pathogenicity of this species. The study highlights the need for veterinarians and dairy farmers to be aware of the risks posed by anthelmintic resistance.
CD45RA, a specific marker for leukaemia stem cell sub‐populations in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Kersten Bas , Valkering Matthijs , Wouters Rolf , van Amerongen Rosa , Hanekamp Diana , Kwidama Zinia , Valk Peter , Ossenkoppele Gert , Zeijlemaker Wendelien , Kaspers Gertjan , Cloos Jacqueline , Schuurhuis Gerrit J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChemotherapy resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSC) are thought to be responsible for relapses after therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Flow cytometry can discriminate CD34+CD38− LSC and normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by using aberrant expression of markers and scatter properties. However, not all LSC can be identified using currently available markers, so new markers are needed. CD45RA is expressed on leukaemic cells in the majority of AML patients. We investigated the potency of CD45RA to specifically identify LSC and HSC and improve LSC quantification. Compared to our best other markers (CLL‐1, also termed CLEC12A, CD33 and CD123), CD45RA was the most reliable marker. Patients with high percentages (>90%) of CD45RA on CD34+CD38− LSC have 1·69‐fold higher scatter values compared to HSC (P < 0·001), indicating a more mature CD34+CD38− phenotype. Patients with low (<10%) or intermediate (10–90%) CD45RA expression on LSC showed no significant differences to HSC (1·12‐ and 1·15‐fold higher, P = 0·31 and P = 0·44, respectively). CD45RA‐positive LSC tended to represent more favourable cytogenetic/molecular markers. In conclusion, CD45RA contributes to more accurate LSC detection and is recommended for inclusion in stem cell tracking panels. CD45RA may contribute to define new LSC‐specific therapies and to monitor effects of anti‐LSC treatment.
Organic Matter Dynamics in a Tropical Gallery Forest in a Grassland Landscape
Authors: de Souza Rezende Renan , S. Graça Manuel A. , dos Santos Anderson M. , Medeiros Adriana O. , Santos Paola F. , Nunes Yule R. , Gonçalves Júnior José F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe high biodiversity of tropical forest streams depends on the strong input of organic matter, yet the leaf litter decomposition dynamics in these streams are not well understood. We assessed how seasonal litterfall affects leaf litter breakdown, density and biomass of aquatic invertebrates, and the microbial biomass and sporulation of aquatic hyphomycetes in a South American grassland ‘vereda’ landscape. Although litter production in the riparian area was low, leaf litter breakdown was high compared with other South American systems, with maximum values coinciding with the rainy season. Fungal biomass in decomposing leaves was high, but spore densities in water and sporulation rates were very low. Invertebrates were not abundant in litter bags, suggesting they play a minor role in leaf litter decomposition. Chironomids accounted for ~70 percent of all invertebrates; only 10 percent of non‐Chironomidae invertebrates were shredders. Therefore, fungi appear to be the drivers of leaf litter decomposition. Our results show that despite low productivity and relatively fast litter decomposition, organic matter accumulated in the stream and riparian area. This pattern was attributed to the wet/dry cycles in which leaves falling in the flat riparian zone remain undecomposed (during the dry period) and are massively transported to the riverbed (rainy season).
Disablement as inveterate condition: Living with habitual ableism in Prince George, British Columbia
Authors: Blewett Jessica , Hanlon Neil 
Published: January 2016

Key Messages

Disablement is an inveterate condition of Prince George that has played a large role in the creation of a disabling environment.
The most important factor in the construction of a disabling environment is ableism, as expressed through social attitudes, practices, and interactions.
The lived experience of (dis)Ability in Prince George is reinforced by the ways in which local decision‐makers respond to conditions of resource‐dependence and seasonality.
Serum NT‐proCNP levels increased after initiation of GH treatment in patients with achondroplasia/hypochondroplasia
Authors: Kubota Takuo , Wang Wei , Miura Kohji , Nakayama Hirofumi , Yamamoto Keiko , Fujiwara Makoto , Ohata Yasuhisa , Tachibana Makiko , Kitaoka Taichi , Takakuwa Satoshi , Miyoshi Yoko , Namba Noriyuki , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveSerum amino‐terminal propeptide of C‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proCNP) levels have been proposed as a biomarker of linear growth in healthy children. The usefulness of NT‐proCNP in patients with achondroplasia (ACH)/hypochondroplasia (HCH) remains to be elucidated. The objective was to study whether serum NT‐proCNP level is a good biomarker for growth in ACH/HCH and other patients of short stature.DesignThis was a longitudinal cohort study.PatientsSixteen children with ACH (aged 0·4–4·3 years), six children with HCH (2·7–6·3 years), 23 children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) (2·2–9·0 years), eight short children with GH deficiency (GHD) (2·9–6·8 years) and five short children born small for gestational age (SGA) (2·0–6·6 years). Patients with ACH/HCH received GH treatment for 1 year.MeasurementsSerum NT‐proCNP levels and height were measured.ResultsNT‐proCNP levels positively correlated with height velocity in these short children (P < 0·05, r = 0·27). NT‐proCNP levels inversely correlated with age in children with ISS alone (P < 0·01, r = −0·55). Serum NT‐proCNP levels in patients with ACH/HCH were increased 3 months following the initiation of GH treatment (P < 0·05). Height SDS gain during GH treatment for 1 year was positively correlated with the changes in NT‐proCNP levels after the initiation of GH (P < 0·01, r = 0·72).ConclusionSerum NT‐proCNP levels may be a good biomarker to indicate the effect of GH treatment on growth in patients with ACH/HCH at least in the first year and height velocity in short stature patients.
ST09, a Novel Thioester Derivative of Tacrine, Alleviates Cognitive Deficits and Enhances Glucose Metabolism in Vascular Dementia Rats
Authors: Liu Jian‐Min , Wu Peng‐Fei , Rao Jing , Zhou Jun , Shen Zu‐Cheng , Luo Han , Huang Jian‐Geng , Liang Xiao , Long Li‐Hong , Xie Qing‐Guo , Jiang Feng‐Chao , Wang Fang , Chen Jian‐Guo 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAimsChemical entities containing mercapto group have been increasingly attractive in the therapy of central nerve system (CNS) diseases. In the recent study, we screened a series of mercapto‐tacrine derivatives with synergistic neuropharmacological profiles in vitro.MethodsWe investigated the effect and mechanism of ST09, a thioester derivative of tacrine containing a potential mercapto group, on the vascular dementia (VaD) model of rat induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2‐VO).ResultsST09 and its active metabolite ST10 retained excellent inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. ST09 significantly attenuated the 2‐VO‐induced impairment in spatial acquisition performance and inhibited the 2‐VO‐induced rise of AChE activity. In the VaD model, ST09 attenuated the oxidative stress and decreased the apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus. Compared with donepezil, ST09 exhibited a better effect on the regeneration of free thiols in 2‐VO rats. Interestingly, ST09, not donepezil, greatly improved glucose metabolism in various brain regions of 2‐VO rats using functional imaging of 18F‐labeled fluoro‐deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).ConclusionsST09 may serve as a more promising agent for the therapy of VaD than tacrine owing to the introduction of a potential mercapto group into the parent skeleton.
Satisfaction and attrition in paediatric weight management
Authors: Skelton J. A. , Martin S. , Irby M. B. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPaediatric obesity treatment experiences unacceptably high rates of attrition. Few studies have explored parent and child perspectives on dropout. This study sought to capture child and parent experience in treatment and expressed contributors to attrition. Children and parents enrolled in a single family‐based weight management programme participated in semi‐structured interviews, conducted either upon completion of the first intensive phase of treatment or program dropout. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded using a multistage inductive approach. Interviews were obtained from 57 parents and 30 children, nearly equal between ‘completers’ or ‘dropouts’. Five themes emerged: overall positive experience with programme; logistical challenges of participation; improved health; discrepancies between child and parent experience and perception, and importance of structure and expectations of weight loss. Primary reasons given for dropout were time commitment; distance from clinic; missed school and work; lack of dedicated adolescent programme; clinic hours; and stress. Few parents or children expressed dissatisfaction. Children reportedly enjoyed ‘having someone to talk to’ about weight, and spending increased time with family. Children and parents overall reported positive experiences in this weight management programme. Attrition appears more related to logistical issues than low satisfaction. Innovative approaches to help overcome logistical challenges and preserve positive aspects may help in decreasing programme attrition.
Non‐ECG‐gated CT pulmonary angiography and the prediction of right ventricular dysfunction in patients suspected of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Gutte Henrik , Mortensen Jann , Mørk Mette Louise , Kristoffersen Ulrik Sloth , Jensen Claus Verner , Petersen Claus Leth , von der Recke Peter , Kjær Andreas 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPurposeRight ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is an important prognostic factor of 30‐day mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The aim of our study was to evaluate whether non‐electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated cardiovascular parameters attained during computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) could predict RVD in patients suspected of PE using ECG‐gated cardiac CT angiography as reference.MethodsConsecutive patients suspected of PE were referred to a ventilation/perfusion single‐photon emission tomography (V/Q‐SPECT) as first‐line imaging procedure. Patients had a V/Q‐SPECT/CT, a CTPA and an ECG‐gated cardiac CT angiography performed the same day.ResultsA total of 71 patients were available for analysis. Seventeen patients (24%) had RVD. The non‐ECG‐gated dimensions of left and right ventricle and the major vessels were correlated with ECG‐gated cardiac dimensions. The size of the pulmonary trunk could identify patients with RVD: AUC (0·67, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0·52–0·82) as seen in the ROC curve (P<0·05). With a cut‐off value of the pulmonary trunk of 29 mm, the sensitivity and specificity were 70·6% and 55·5%, respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive values for detection of RVD were 59·1% and 85·7%, respectively.ConclusionIn the present study, we demonstrated correlation between ECG‐gated cardiac dimensions and non‐ECG‐gated cardiovascular parameters, however with only moderate diagnostic accuracies. We demonstrated that the dimension of the pulmonary trunk might be of value in detection of patients with RVD. We suggest further studies on the potential value of non‐ECG‐gated cardiac dimensions in patients suspected of PE.
Seizures as presenting and prominent symptom in chorea‐acanthocytosis with c.2343del VPS13A gene mutation
Authors: Benninger Felix , Afawi Zaid , Korczyn Amos D. , Oliver Karen L. , Pendziwiat Manuela , Nakamura Masayuki , Sano Akira , Helbig Ingo , Berkovic Samuel F. , Blatt Ilan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to characterize the clinical features of nine patients in three families with chorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) sharing the same rare c.2343del mutation in the VPS13A gene.MethodsGenetic test results, clinical description, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography (EEG), as well as laboratory results are summarized.ResultsChAc is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hyperkinetic movements, seizures, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and acanthocytes on peripheral blood smear. This unique cohort of nine patients is characterized by seizures as a first and prominent symptom. In our patients, other features of ChAc appeared later, including tics, other movement disorders, dysarthria, and mild to moderate cognitive decline.SignificancePatients with chorea‐acanthocytosis carrying the described rare mutation can present with focal, treatment‐resistant seizures.
The value of migration information for conservation prioritization of sea turtles in the Mediterranean
Authors: Mazor Tessa , Beger Maria , McGowan Jennifer , Possingham Hugh P. , Kark Salit 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimConservation plans often struggle to account for connectivity in spatial prioritization approaches for the protection of migratory species. Protection of such species is challenging because their movements may be uncertain and variable, span vast distances, cross international borders and traverse land and sea habitats. Often we are faced with small samples of information from various sources and the collection of additional data can be costly and time‐consuming. Therefore it is important to evaluate what degree of spatial information provides sufficient results for directing management actions. Here we develop and evaluate an approach that incorporates habitat and movement information to advance the conservation of migratory species. We test our approach using information on threatened loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in theMediterranean.LocationTheMediterraneanSea.MethodsWe use Marxan, a spatially explicit decision support tool, to select priority conservation areas. Four approaches with increasing amounts of information about the loggerhead sea turtle are compared, ranging from (1) the broad distribution, (2) multiple habitat types that represent foraging, nesting and inter‐nesting habitats, (3) mark–recapture movement information to (4) telemetry‐derived migration tracks.ResultsWe find that spatial priorities for sea turtle conservation are sensitive to the information used in the prioritization process. Setting conservation targets for migration tracks altered the location of conservation priorities, indicating that conservation plans designed without such data would miss important sea turtle habitat. We discover that even a small number of tracks make a significant contribution to a spatial conservation plan if those tracks are substantially different.Main conclusionsThis study presents a novel approach to improving spatial prioritization for conserving migratory species. We propose that future telemetry studies tailor their efforts towards conservation prioritization needs, meaning that spatially dispersed samples rather than just large numbers should be obtained. This work highlights the valuable information that telemetry research contributes to the conservation of migratory species.
Early Molecular Events in Murine Gastric Epithelial Cells Mediated by Helicobacter pylori CagA
Authors: Banerjee Aditi , Basu Malini , Blanchard Thomas G. , Chintalacharuvu Subba R. , Guang Wei , Lillehoj Erik P. , Czinn Steven J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundMurine models of Helicobacter pylori infection are used to study host–pathogen interactions, but lack of severe gastritis in this model has limited its usefulness in studying pathogenesis. We compared the murine gastric epithelial cell line GSM06 to the human gastric epithelial AGS cell line to determine whether similar events occur when cultured with H. pylori.Materials and MethodsThe lysates of cells infected with H. pylori isolates or an isogenic cagA‐deficient mutant were assessed for translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and for activation of stress pathway kinases by immunoblot.ResultsPhosphorylated CagA was detected in both cell lines within 60 minutes. Phospho‐ERK 1/2 was present within several minutes and distinctly present in GSM06 cells at 60 minutes. Similar results were obtained for phospho‐JNK, although the 54 kDa phosphoprotein signal was dominant in AGS, whereas the lower molecular weight band was dominant in GSM06 cells.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that early events in H. pylori pathogenesis occur within mouse epithelial cells similar to human cells and therefore support the use of the mouse model for the study of acute CagA‐associated host cell responses. These results also indicate that reduced disease in H. pylori‐infected mice may be due to lack of the Cag PAI, or by differences in the mouse response downstream of the initial activation events.
Value of electrocardiograms ordered by junior medical officers in the emergency department
Authors: Sabbagh C. , Khazzaka A. , Rizkallah J. , El Kary N. , Chaddad M. , El Rassy E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe diagnostic rationale for patients with chest pain requires an electrocardiogram (ECG) often limited by low pretest values and widely variable post‐test values. We assess the value of ECG ordered and interpreted by internal medicine junior medical officers in our emergency department (ED). Participants enrolled in this study included patients who presented to the ED for chest pain between June and October 2014. Seventeen leads ECG were performed systematically when an ECG was judged required by the medical officer in charge and interpreted by a blinded medical officer and ED attending. Ultrasensitive troponin T (usTrop T) and creatinine were also withdrawn. Junior medical officers ordered ECG more commonly for atypical chest pain (57 vs 43%, P = 0.049). Univariate and multivariate analysis did not demonstrate a statistically discordant diagnosis between the medical officer and the attending throughout the study period and between the different rotations. We demonstrated 97% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 92% positive predictive value, 98% negative predictive value and 96% accuracy. Our junior medical officers demonstrated an overall high proficiency in the clinical and bedside setting. This finding reinforces our ECG education in the undergraduate curriculum, highlights the importance of the intensive recapitulation sessions undergone at the beginning of the training programme and our daily internal medicine staff discussions rarely performed in other EDs as reported with our experience.
Nasal administration of interleukin‐33 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of multiple angiogenic factors in a murine asthma surrogate
Authors: Shan Shan , Li Yan , Wang Jingjing , Lv Zhe , Yi Dawei , Huang Qiong , Corrigan Chris J. , Wang Wei , Quangeng Zhang , Ying Sun 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe T‐helper cell type 2‐promoting cytokine interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Angiogenesis is a feature of airways remodelling in asthma. We hypothesized that IL‐33 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors in an established murine surrogate of asthma. In the present study, BALB/c mice were subjected to serial intranasal challenge with IL‐33 alone for up to 70 days. In parallel, ovalbumin (OVA) ‐sensitized mice were subjected to serial intranasal challenge with OVA or normal saline to serve as positive and negative controls, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of von Willebrand factor and erythroblast transformation‐specific‐related gene, both blood vessel markers, and angiogenic factors angiogenin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, endothelin‐1, epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin was performed in lung sections ex vivo. An established in‐house assay was used to test whether IL‐33 was able to induce microvessel formation by human vascular endothelial cells. Results showed that serial intranasal challenge of mice with IL‐33 or OVA resulted in proliferation of peribronchial von Willebrand factor‐positive blood vessels to a degree closely related to the total expression of the angiogenic factors amphiregulin, angiogenin, endothelin‐1, epidermal growth factor and insulin‐like growth factor‐1. IL‐33 also induced microvessel formation by human endothelial cells in a concentration‐dependent fashion in vitro. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that IL‐33 has the capacity to induce angiogenesis at least partly by increasing local expression of multiple angiogenic factors in an allergen‐independent murine asthma surrogate, and consequently that IL‐33 or its receptor is a potential novel molecular target for asthma therapy.
Different ways to get the job done: comparing the effects of intellectual stimulation and contingent reward leadership on task‐related outcomes
Authors: Robinson Melanie Ann , Boies Kathleen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to compare the effects of intellectual stimulation and contingent reward leadership on performance, task enjoyment, and extra effort. Participants (N = 78 and N = 158) viewed one of three videos and performed an in‐basket exercise. Several interesting differences emerged. Across both studies, participants in the control and contingent reward leadership conditions generated more ideas than their counterparts in the intellectual stimulation condition. Additionally, participants reported more willingness to exert extra effort when the leader was either intellectually stimulating or emphasized contingent reward leadership, as compared to the control condition. Finally, while task enjoyment was higher in the contingent reward leadership condition than in the control condition in Study 1, no significant differences emerged among conditions for enjoyment in Study 2.