bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences on Infant Feeding
Authors: Majee Wilson , Thullen Matthew J. , Davis Alexandra N. , Sethi Tarunjot K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine interrelational-, organizational-, and community-level influences on how coparents collaborate about infant and toddler feeding.

Study Design and Sample:
Using qualitative methods, we interviewed mother–father parent dyads to explore the potential influences on infant and toddler feeding. Participants were purposively recruited from two Midwest, rural, university-system pediatric clinics. Thematic analysis was used to code the data.

Measures:
Mother–father dyadic interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview schedule. Twenty-four mother–father dyads who had a child between the ages of 6 and 36 months were interviewed together.

Results:
Major themes include interpersonal factors (peer behavior reinforcement, dyad and important others infant feeding conflict, conflict resolution proactiveness), organizational factors (healthcare provider infant-feeding support, workplace flexibility), and community factors (public perception on breastfeeding and social media influence).

Clinical Implications:
Community-based collaboration can be a platform for mother–father dyads, researchers, public health nurses, and other healthcare providers to proactively create interventions that include opportunity for building coparenting skills and infant-feeding knowledge that promote team management of common early childhood feeding challenges.
Nurses' Knowledge and Teaching of Possible Postpartum Complications
Authors: Suplee Patricia D. , Bingham Debra , Kleppel Lisa 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess postpartum nurses' knowledge of maternal morbidity and mortality, and information they shared with women before discharge about identifying potential warning signs of postpartum complications.

Study Design & Methods:
Registered nurses (RNs) who care for women during postpartum (N = 372) completed an electronic survey. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used for data analysis.

Results:
Fifty-four percent of nurse participants were aware of the rising rates of maternal mortality in the United States and 12% accurately reported the correct percentage of deaths that occurred during the postpartum period. Ninety-three percent of nurses were more likely to identify hemorrhage as a leading cause of maternal mortality. On the day of discharge, 67% of RNs spent less than 10 minutes focusing on potential warning signs. Ninety-five percent of RNs reported a correlation between postpartum education and mortality; however, only 72% strongly agreed it was their responsibility to provide this education. Nurse respondents who were over the age of 40 were significantly more likely to report feeling very competent when providing education on all of the postpartum complication variables measured (p values <0.001-0.003).

Clinical Implications:
The majority of nurses in this study were not up-to-date on the rates and timing of maternal mortality during the postpartum period in the United States. They did not always provide comprehensive education to all women prior to discharge from the hospital after childbirth. There is a need for nurses to provide consistent messages about potential warning signs that may ultimately reduce maternal death and severity of maternal complications.
Lipid Deposition on Contact Lenses when Using Contemporary Care Solutions
Authors: Babaei Omali Negar , Lada Mark , Lakkis Carol , Morgan Philip B. , Nichols Jason J. , Subbaraman Lakshman N. , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
There remains only a small amount of data from human studies demonstrating the effect of contact lens/lens care solution combinations on the deposition of lipids. Therefore, information on the degree to which modern materials deposit lipids when used with contemporary care solutions would be valuable.

PURPOSE
The present study aims to determine the effect of lens care system combinations on levels of total lipid, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters extracted from three different contact lenses (CLs) when used with four contemporary care systems.

METHODS
Experienced CL wearers were recruited to participate in this study. Combinations of three CLs (etafilcon A [ETA], galyfilcon A [GALY], and senofilcon A [SENO]) and four CL care solutions (Biotrue, ClearCare, OPTI-FREE PureMoist, and RevitaLens Ocutec) were investigated. A total of 791 CLs were analyzed. Subjects were randomized to one lens type and then used all four lens care solutions in random sequence for 10–14 days before the CLs were collected and analyzed for the amount of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and total lipids.

RESULTS
The mean range of cholesterol recovered across the different care solutions was 0.34–2.77 μg/lens, 3.48–4.29 μg/lens, and 4.75–6.20 μg/lens for ETA, SENO, and GALY lenses, respectively. Use of OPTI-FREE PureMoist with ETA lenses led to a significantly greater amount of cholesterol being recovered when compared to the use of the other solutions with ETA lenses (P < .05). The mean range of cholesteryl esters recovered across different care solutions was 1.31–2.02 μg/lens, 6.43–7.19 μg/lens, and 7.96–10.13 μg/lens for ETA, SENO, and GALY lenses, respectively. There were no differences in the amount of cholesteryl esters and total lipids extracted for a given lens type when used with any of the four care solutions (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS
This study did not demonstrate conclusively that any of the solution/CL combinations were superior to any of the other combinations when the amounts of lipid deposition were compared among the tested lenses.
Improving Timeliness of β-Agonist and Corticosteroid Administration in Patients With Acute Wheezing
Authors: McIver Mandisa , Stoudemire William , Smith-Ramsey Cherrelle , Panigrahi Mousumee , Walsh-Kelly Christine , Rutman Lori E. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
Timely delivery of β-agonists and steroids to patients with acute recurrent wheezing is a key component of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommended emergency department (ED) asthma care. We conducted an ED improvement initiative to standardize asthma care and improve time to treatments.

Methods
Our multidisciplinary team identified key contributing factors to timeliness, developed key driver diagrams, implemented and refined a management pathway, designed and executed rapid cycle improvements, and implemented interventions. A time series design was used to analyze outcomes with baseline data and continuous monitoring during active intervention steps. The primary outcomes analyzed were the times to first β-agonist and steroid administration. Secondary outcomes included admission rate, ED length of stay, and ED revisits.

Results
Assignment of the Pediatric Asthma Score, our initial pathway step, occurred in most patients within the first several months. Time to first β-agonist administration decreased from the baseline mean of 76 minutes to 27 minutes. Time to steroid administration decreased from the baseline mean of 108 minutes to 49 minutes. Mean monthly admission rate remained at 22% with no special cause variation identified. The ED revisit rate was not negatively impacted and, in most months, was 0%.

Conclusions
By standardizing asthma care in our ED and redesigning care delivery processes, care variation decreased and significant improvements in timeliness of β-agonist and steroid administration occurred.
Prevalence of Disability in Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain and Rheumatic Diseases in a Population From Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Guevara-Pacheco Sergio Vicente , Feican-Alvarado Astrid , Delgado-Pauta Jorge , Lliguisaca-Segarra Angelita , Pelaez-Ballestas Ingris 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of disability in patients with musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic diseases in Cuenca, Ecuador.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analytical study with randomized sampling in 4877 subjects, from urban and rural areas. COPCORD (Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases)–validated questionnaire was administered house-to-house to identify subjects with nontraumatic musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic diseases. The subjects were assessed by rheumatologists for diagnostic accuracy, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index was administered to assess functional capacity. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of rheumatic diseases with functional disability.

Results
Functional disability was found in 221 subjects (73.1% women), with mean age 62 (SD, 18.2) years, residing in rural areas (201 [66.5%]), with education of 6.9 (SD, 5.3) years, and of low income (77 [47.2%]). The value of HAQ-DI was a mean of 0.2 (0–2.9). The real prevalence of physical disability was 9.5%. Moderate and severe disability predominated in activities such as kneeling (4.9% and 3.3%), squatting (4.8% and 2.7%), and leaning to pick up objects (3.7% and 0.9%), respectively. Rheumatic diseases associated with physical disabilities were knee osteoarthritis (95 [31.4%]) and hand osteoarthritis (69 [22.8%]), mechanical low-back pain (43 [14.2%]), fibromyalgia (27 [9.5%]), and rheumatoid arthritis (11 [3.6%]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Physical disability was associated with older age, female sex, rural residence, lower education, and lower income. Moderate and severe disability predominated in the dimensions of kneeling, squatting, and picking up objects. Rheumatic diseases associated with disability were hand and knee osteoarthritis, back pain, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Take Home Message
Relation Between Epicardial Fat and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Abazid Rami M. , Smettei Osama A. , Kattea Mohammad Obadah , Sayed Sawsan , Saqqah Hanaa , Widyan Adel M. , Opolski Maksymilian P. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
Excessive quantity of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). There are limited data, however, on the relationship between the quality of EAT and CAD. We investigated the association between the density and volume of EAT and subclinical CAD defined by positive coronary artery calcification (CAC), using computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed 609 consecutive CT scans of patients with a mild to moderate risk for CAD to assess the EAT volume, which was measured manually by tracing the parietal pericardial sac on axial images. Fat density was recorded in mean Hounsfield units (HU), and CAC was measured using the Agatston method.

Results:
The mean patients’ age was 50±11 years, and 393 (64.5%) were men. Overall, CAC was present in 135 (22%) patients, of whom 97 (72%) were men and 38 (28%) were women. The mean EAT volume and density were 65±27 cm3 and −87.0±3.4 HU, respectively. Patients with CAC had significantly higher EAT volume (74±27 vs. 62±26 cm3, P<0.001) and lower EAT density (−88±3 vs. −87±3.4 HU, P<0.001) compared with patients without CAC. Multivariate regression analysis showed that both EAT density (hazard ratio, 0.879; 95% confidence interval, 0.817-0.946; P=0.001) and EAT volume >100 cm3 (hazard ratio, 1.693; 95% confidence interval, 1.256-2.999; P=0.029) predicted the presence of CAC.

Conclusions:
Both the quality and quantity of EAT derived from noncontrast CT scan predict subclinical CAD, with lower density and higher volume of epicardial fat associated with higher CACs.
Surgicopathological Quality Control and Protocol Adherence to Lymphadenectomy in the CRITICS Gastric Cancer Trial
Authors: Claassen Yvette H. M. , de Steur Wobbe O. , Hartgrink Henk H. , Dikken Johan L. , van Sandick Johanna W. , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Cats Annemiek , Trip Anouk K. , Jansen Edwin P. M. , Kranenbarg Willemina M. Meershoek-Klein , Braak Jeffrey P. B. M. , Putter Hein , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Verheij Marcel , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgicopathological quality and protocol adherence for lymphadenectomy in the CRITICS trial.

Summary of Background Data:
Surgical quality assurance is a key element in multimodal studies for gastric cancer. In the multicenter CRITICS trial (ChemoRadiotherapy after Induction chemotherapy In Cancer of the Stomach), patients with resectable gastric cancer were randomized for preoperative chemotherapy, followed by gastrectomy with a D1+ lymphadenectomy (removal of stations 1 to 9 and 11), followed by either chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Methods:
Surgicopathological compliance was defined as removal of ≥15 lymph nodes. Surgical compliance was defined as removal of the indicated lymph node stations. Surgical contamination was defined as removal of lymph node stations that should be left in situ. The Maruyama Index (MI, lower is better), which has proven to be an indicator of surgical quality and is strongly associated with survival, was analyzed.

Results:
Between 2007 and 2015, 788 patients were randomized, of whom 636 patients underwent a gastrectomy with curative intent. Surgicopathological compliance occurred in 72.8% (n = 460) of the patients and improved from 55.0% (2007) to 90.0% (2015). Surgical compliance occurred in 41.1% (n = 256). Surgical contamination occurred in 59.6% (n = 371). Median MI was 1 (range 0 to 136).

Conclusion:
Surgical quality in the CRITICS trial was excellent, with a MI of 1. Surgicopathological compliance improved over the years. This might be explained by the quality assurance program within the study and centralization of gastric cancer surgery in the Netherlands.
Effect of Amantadine on Agitation in Critically Ill Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gramish Jawaher A. , Kopp Brian J. , Patanwala Asad E. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
This study aimed to compare the presence of agitation in traumatic brain injury patients treated with amantadine with those not treated with amantadine in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study conduced in a trauma ICU of a tertiary care institution in the United States. Patients who received amantadine were compared with patients who did not receive amantadine. The primary outcome measure was the presence of agitation, defined as the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score of +2 or higher. Secondary comparisons included haloperidol use, benzodiazepine use, opioid use, and ICU length of stay.

Results
A total of 139 patients were included in the study cohort (70 patients in the amantadine group, 69 patients in the no-amantadine group). There were more patients who had agitation in the amantadine group (38% vs 14%, P = 0.018). Patients who received amantadine received more opioids in fentanyl equivalents (10.3 [interquartile range {IQR}, 6.3–20.4] μg/kg vs 7.4 [IQR, 2.1–12.6] μg/kg, P = 0.009) and had a longer ICU length of stay (4.5 [IQR, 3–10] days vs 3 [IQR, 2–5] days, P = 0.010). Haloperidol use and benzodiazepine use were similar between groups.

Conclusions
The early use of amantadine after traumatic brain injury may increase the risk of agitation. This could increase opioid consumption and ICU length of stay.
Reversal of Dropped Head Syndrome After the Cessation of Dopaminergic Agonist Treatment in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Mano Tomoo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dropped head (DH) syndrome is a phenomenon of disproportionate neck anteflexion that has been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Antiparkinsonian medications such as dopaminergic agonists (DAs) have been implicated in the onset of DH episodes. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an important therapeutic option after the failure of conventional treatments such as DA therapy in patients with PD. Here, we report the case of a patient with rigid-akinetic parkinsonism who developed DH syndrome after the initiation of DA treatment. Dopaminergic agonist treatment was required to stabilize motor dysfunction during a period of 5 years; yet, the patient experienced no improvements in DH during this time. Thus, we initiated DBS as an alternative therapy and gradually withdrew DA therapy. The patient recovered from long-term DH after the discontinuation of rotigotine treatment. Accordingly, this case highlights DA treatment as a possible cause of DH and the use of DBS to allow the discontinuation of DA treatment while preserving motor function in patients with PD.
Resisting the urge to smoke: inhibitory control training in cigarette smokers
Authors: Adams Sally , Mokrysz Claire , Attwood Angela S. , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: August 2017

Impaired response inhibition is an important factor in tobacco dependence. We examined the effects of inhibitory control training (ICT) on inhibition, smoking resistance and cigarette use. Smokers (
n
= 55) abstained from smoking for 12 h prior to testing. On the test day, participants recorded cigarette use and completed pre-training measures of global and cue-specific (smoking-related) response inhibition. Participants were randomized to either an active or a control ICT group. The active group was required to repeatedly inhibit a response towards smoking cues (100%), while the control group was required to inhibit a response towards smoking and neutral cues with equal frequency (50%). Participants performed post-training measures of response inhibition, smoking resistance and cigarette use. Inhibition data did not indicate time (pre-training, post-training) × group (active training, control training) or time × group × cue (smoking, neutral) interactions. There was weak evidence that smokers in the active group were more likely to resist smoking than those in the control group. Cigarette use data did not indicate a time × group interaction. Our data suggest that ICT may enhance the ability to resist smoking, indicating that training may be a promising adjunct to smoking pharmacotherapy.
Activity-induced Ca2+signaling in perisynaptic Schwann cells is mediated by P2Y1receptors and regulates muscle fatigue
Authors: Heredia Dante J. , Feng Cheng-Yuan , Hennig Grant W. , Gould Thomas W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPerisynaptic glial cells respond to neural activity by increasing cytosolic levels of calcium, but the functional significance of this pathway is unclear. Terminal/persiynaptic Schwann cells (TPSCs) are a perisynaptic glial cell at the neuromuscular junction. Here, we provide genetic evidence that neural activity-induced intracellular calcium accumulation in neonatal TPSCs is mediated exclusively by P2Y1receptors. InP2ry1mutant mice lacking these responses, postsynaptic, rather than presynaptic, function was altered in response to nerve stimulation. This impairment was correlated with a greater susceptibility to activity-induced muscle fatigue. Interestingly, fatigue inP2ry1mutants was exacerbated by exposure to high potassium to a greater degree than in control mice. High potassium itself increased cytosolic levels of calcium in TPSCs, a response which was also reducedP2ry1mutants. These results suggest that activity-induced calcium responses in perisynaptic glia at the NMJ regulate postsynaptic function and muscle fatigue by influencing the levels of perisynaptic potassium.
Novel metrics for quantifying bacterial genome composition skews
Authors: Joesch-Cohen Lena M. , Robinson Max , Jabbari Neda , Lausted Christopher , Glusman Gustavo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundBacterial genomes have characteristic compositional skews, which are differences in nucleotide frequency between the leading and lagging DNA strands across a segment of a genome. It is thought that these strand asymmetries arise as a result of mutational biases and selective constraints, particularly for energy efficiency. Analysis of compositional skews in a diverse set of bacteria provides a comparative context in which mutational and selective environmental constraints can be studied. These analyses typically require finished and well-annotated genomic sequences.ResultsWe present three novel metrics for examining genome composition skews; all three metrics can be computed for unfinished or partially-annotated genomes. The first two metrics, (dot-skew and cross-skew) depend on sequence and gene annotation of a single genome, while the third metric (residual skew) highlights unusual genomes by subtracting a GC content-based model of a library of genome sequences. We applied these metrics to all 7738 available bacterial genomes, including partial drafts, and identified outlier species. A number of these outliers (i.e., Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Kinetoplastibacterium, and Phytoplasma) display similar skew patterns despite only distant phylogenetic relationship. While unrelated, some of the outlier bacterial species share lifestyle characteristics, in particular intracellularity and biosynthetic dependence on their hosts.ConclusionsOur novel metrics appear to reflect the effects of biosynthetic constraints and adaptations to life within one or more hosts on genome composition. We provide results for each analyzed genome, software and interactive visualizations athttp://db.systemsbiology.net/gestalt/skew_metrics.
The somatically generated T cell receptor CDR3α contributes to the MHC allele specificity of the T cell receptor
Authors: Marrack Philippa , Krovi Sai Harsha , Silberman Daniel , White Janice , Kushnir Eleanora , Nakayama Maki , Crook James , Danhorn Thomas , Leach Sonia , Anselment Randy , Scott-Browne James , Gapin Laurent , Kappler John 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTMature T cells bearing αβ T cell receptors react with foreign antigens bound to alleles of major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC) that they were exposed to during their development in the thymus, a phenomenon known as positive selection. The structural basis for positive selection has long been debated. Here, using mice expressing one of two different T cell receptor β chains and various MHC alleles, we show that positive selection-induced MHC bias of T cell receptors is affected both by the germline encoded elements of the T cell receptor α and β chain and, surprisingly, dramatically affected by the non germ line encoded CDR3 of the T cell receptor α chain. Thus, in addition to determining specificity for antigen, the non germline encoded elements of T cell receptors may help the proteins cope with the extremely polymorphic nature of major histocompatibility complex products within the species.
The measurement of species selection on evolving characters
Authors: Simpson Carl 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMany processes can contribute to macroevolutionary change. This fact is the source of the wide variety of macroevolutionary change across time and taxa as well as the bane of pale-obiological research trying to understand how macroevolution works. Here, I present a general framework for understanding the variety of macroevolutionary phenomena. Based on Price’s theorem, this framework provides a simple quantitative means to understand (1) the macroevolutionary processes that are possible and (2) the way those processes interact with each other. The major qualitative features of macroevolution depend first on the number of processes that co-occur and then on the magnitudes and evolutionary directions of those processes. Species selection, the major macroevolutionary process, consists of patterns of differential rates of speciation and extinction. Its macroevolutionary efficacy depends on the presences of sufficient microevolutionary change. Conversely, microevolutionary change is limited in power by the independent evolution of species, and species selection acting across populations of species can amplify or suppress microevolution. Non-trends may result if species selection sufficiently neutralizes microevolution and may yield stable macroevolutionary patterns over many millions of years.