bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electromagnetic Field for a PEC Wedge Over a Grounded Dielectric Slab: 1. Formulation and Validation
Authors: Daniele Vito G. , Lombardi Guido , Zich Rodolfo S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractComplex scattering problems are often made by composite structures where wedges and penetrable substrates may interact at near field. In this paper (Part 1) together with its companion paper (Part 2) we study the canonical problem constituted of a Perfectly Electrically Conducting (PEC) wedge lying on a grounded dielectric slab with a comprehensive mathematical model based on the application of the Generalized Wiener‐Hopf Technique (GWHT) with the help of equivalent circuital representations for linear homogenous regions (angular and layered regions). The proposed procedure is valid for the general case, and the papers focus on E‐polarization. The solution is obtained using analytical and semianalytical approaches that reduce the Wiener‐Hopf factorization to integral equations. Several numerical test cases validate the proposed method. The scope of Part 1 is to present the method and its validation applied to the problem. The companion paper Part 2 focuses on the properties of the solution, and it presents physical and engineering insights as Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD)/Uniform Theory of Diffraction(UTD) coefficients, total far fields, modal fields, and excitation of surface and leaky waves for different kinds of source. The structure is of interest in antenna technologies and electromagnetic compatibility (tip on a substrate with guiding and antenna properties).
The Electromagnetic Field for a PEC Wedge Over a Grounded Dielectric Slab: 2. Diffraction, Modal Field, Surface Waves, and Leaky Waves
Authors: Daniele Vito G. , Lombardi Guido , Zich Rodolfo S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTogether with Part 1, Part 2 describes the theory, the validation, and the application of the generalized Wiener‐Hopf technique (GWHT) to complex scattering problems constituted of wedges and layers that may interact at near field. In particular, we present the full analysis of the canonical problem where a perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) wedge is lying on a grounded dielectric slab bounded by a PEC plane. The structure proposed in the two papers is of interest in antenna technologies and electromagnetic compatibility (tip on a substrate with guiding and antenna properties). While the scope of Part 1 has been to present the method and its validation applied to the problem, this paper (Part 2) focuses on the properties of the solution and it presents physical and engineering insights. Part 2 starts from the solution of generalized Wiener‐Hopf equations (GWHEs) through Fredholm factorization in terms of an analytical element of the spectral unknowns (Part 1), and it illustrates how to estimate physical and engineering characteristics of the problem: geometrical theory of diffraction/uniform theory of diffraction (GTD/UTD) coefficients, total far fields, modal fields, and excitation of surface waves and leaky waves for different excitations (modal source and/or plane wave source).
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemicals in the Work Area has re‐evaluated polyvinylchloride [9002‐86‐2] since a new maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for poorly soluble dusts was established in 2011.Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is a biopersistent granular dust. It is therefore classified in Carcinogen Category 4 and a MAK value of 0.3 mg/m³ × material density for the respirable dust is established in analogy to biopersistent granular dusts. This value is valid for PVC containing no additives and having a monomer content of < 1%. The classification is based on animal data that showed increased tumour incidences in rats exposed to biopersistent granular dusts in the high dose range. These tumours are regarded to be a consequence of the inflammatory mechanism of action, for which thresholds can be defined. Direct genotoxic effects appear to be of subordinate relevance for the carcinogenicity of biopersistent granular dusts. In analogy to biopersistent granular dusts, Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 8 was established for PVC. Since PVC is not distributed systemically and accumulates only locally in the lungs, no developmental effects due to this dust are expected to occur at the MAK value of 0.3 mg/m³ × material density. The assignment to Pregnancy Risk Group C is confirmed.
Traceable Nanoparticles with Spatiotemporally Controlled Release Ability for Synergistic Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment
Authors: Lu Zhiguo , Li Yan , Shi Yuanjie , Li Yanhui , Xiao Zuobing , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX), one of the most widely used clinical antineoplastics, has ineffective therapeutic efficacy on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with extremely short survival time due to many obstacles such as blood–brain barrier (BBB), tumor angiogenesis, and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). To overcome, biocompatible nanoparticles named CARD‐B6 loading three clinical drugs are developed. Unlike other nanomedicines, CARD‐B6, with the ability of spatiotemporally controlled release, maximize the effectiveness of DOX. (1) After CARD‐B6 cross the BBB via B6, combretastatin A4 that is first released via protonation of poly (β‐amino ester) specifically destroys angiogenesis to facilitate the interaction between GBM and CARD‐B6. (2) Internalized into glioblastoma cells later, DOX is released via the breakage of amido bond to induce apoptosis, which is facilitated by the simultaneously released all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). (3) After endocytosis into GSCs, the rapidly released ATRA induces the GSCs differentiation and downregulates the survival pathways, which enhances the sensitivity of GSCs to the subsequently released DOX. This synergistic antitumor effect significantly extends survival time of GBM mouse model. CARD‐B6 are traced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocubes with high r2 relaxivity for magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, the traceable CARD‐B6 with spatiotemporally controlled release ability are emerging as a powerful platform for GBM treatment.
Rational Design of a New Self‐Codelivery System from Redox‐Sensitive Camptothecin–Cytarabine Conjugate Assembly for Effectively Synergistic Anticancer Therapy
Authors: He Wenxiu , Hu Xu , Jiang Wei , Liu Ruiling , Zhang Di , Zhang Jing , Li Zhonghao , Luan Yuxia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerein, two careful selected anticancer drugs camptothecin (CPT) and cytarabine (Ara‐C) with different biological action mechanisms and different water solubility are conjugated together through a glutathione (GSH) cleavable disulfide bond to construct a redox‐sensitive drug–drug conjugate, which can self‐assemble into nanoparticles, thus notably improving the water solubility of CPT and the cell membrane permeability of Ara‐C. Compared with free drugs, the self‐assembled CPT‐ss‐Ara nanoparticles can concentrate in tumor tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, then they can be rapidly internalized by tumor cells and degrade into free drugs for killing the tumor cells when exposed to the reductive environment (GSH) of tumor cells, thereby reducing the injury to normal cells. Meanwhile, the CPT‐ss‐Ara nanoparticles can effectively protect CPT and Ara‐C molecules from biological inactivation before their arrival in tumor microenvironment since free CPT and Ara‐C are easy to partly lose their therapy efficacy due to their structure degradation in blood circulation. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer experimental results indicate that simultaneous release of free CPT and Ara‐C can realize synergistic chemotherapy effects, thus markedly improve their anticancer activity. Therefore, our designed carrier‐free, redox‐sensitive CPT‐ss‐Ara nanoparticles might have promising clinical application to combat cancers.
Graphene‐Armored Aluminum Foil with Enhanced Anticorrosion Performance as Current Collectors for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Mingzhan , Tang Miao , Chen Shulin , Ci Haina , Wang Kexin , Shi Liurong , Lin Li , Ren Huaying , Shan Jingyuan , Gao Peng , Liu Zhongfan , Peng Hailin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAluminum (Al) foil, as the most accepted cathode current collector for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), is susceptible to local anodic corrosions during long‐term operations. Such corrosions could lead to the deterioration or even premature failure of the batteries and are generally believed to be a bottleneck for next‐generation 5 V LIBs. Here, it is demonstrated that Al foil armored by conformal graphene coating exhibits significantly reinforced anodic corrosion resistance in both LiPF6 and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl) imide (LiTFSI) based electrolytes. Moreover, LiMn2O4 cells using graphene‐armored Al foil as current collectors (LMO/GA) demonstrate enhanced electrochemical performance in comparison with those using pristine Al foil (LMO/PA). The long‐term discharge capacity retention of LMO/GA cell after ≈950 h straight operations at low rate (0.5 C) reaches up to 91%, remarkably superior to LMO/PA cell (75%). The self‐discharge propensity of LMO/GA is clearly relieved and the rate/power performance is also improved with graphene mediations. This work not only contributes to the long‐term stable operations of LIBs but also might catalyze the deployment of 5 V LIBs in the future.
Cyclic (Amino)(Phosphonium Bora‐Ylide)Silanone: A Remarkable Room‐Temperature‐Persistent Silanone
Authors: Rosas‐Sánchez Alfredo , Alvarado‐Beltran Isabel , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Massou Stéphane , Hashizume Daisuke , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA silanone substituted by bulky amino and phosphonium bora‐ylide substituents has been isolated in crystalline form. Thanks to the exceptionally strong electron‐donating phosphonium bora‐ylide substituent, the lifetime at room temperature of the silanone is dramatically extended (t1/2=4 days) compared to the related (amino)(phosphonium ylide)silanone VI (t1/2=5 h), allowing easier manipulation and its use as precursor of new valuable silicon compounds. The interaction of silanone with a weak Lewis acid such as MgBr2 increases further its stability (no degradation after 3 weeks at room temperature).
Adsorbents for Dehumidification, Cooling, and Water Harvesting
Authors: Ernst Sebastian‐Johannes , Baumgartner Max , Fröhlich Dominik , Bart Hans‐Jörg , Henninger Stefan Kai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWasseradsorption an porösen Materialien bietet Möglichkeiten, das gesteigerte Komfortbedürfnis der Menschheit zu adressieren: Sorptionsgestützte Klimatisierung, Entfeuchtung und Wassergewinnung aus der Umgebungsluft. In vorliegender Arbeit werden drei neuartige Adsorbentien, die zwei MOFs Aluminium‐Fumarat und CAU‐10‐H, sowie ein PMO mit Blick auf die Anwendung charakterisiert. Die maximale Wasserbeladung der Materialien liegt zwischen 0,35 und 0,52 g g−1. Für verschiedene Anwendungen wurde der Umsatz berechnet und in einem Eigenaufbau die Stabilität der Materialien über 300 Zyklen untersucht.
Semiparametric maximum likelihood estimation with data missing not at random
Authors: Morikawa Kosuke , Kim Jae Kwang , Kano Yutaka 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNonresponse is frequently encountered in empirical studies. When the response mechanism is missing not at random (MNAR) statistical inference using the observed data is quite challenging. Handling MNAR data often requires two model assumptions: one for the outcome and the other for the response propensity. Correctly specifying these two model assumptions is challenging and difficult to verify from the responses obtained. In this article we propose a semiparametric maximum likelihood method for MNAR data in the sense that a parametric assumption is used for the response propensity part of the model and a nonparametric model is used for the outcome part. The resulting analysis is more robust than the fully parametric approach. Some asymptotic properties of our estimators are derived. Results from a simulation study are also presented.The Canadian Journal of Statistics45: 393–409; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Cochrane Collaboration Systematic Reviews may be based on trials not approved by a research ethics committee
Authors: Jokstad Asbjørn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSystematic reviews (SR) may potentially contain reports of primary trials with ethical problems. The Cochrane Collaboration SRs are considered as the highest standard in evidence‐based health care resources. All SRs completed during the last 5 years (2013–2017) under the management of the Oral Health Group of the Cochrane Collaboration were identified. All primary trials included in the Oral Health Group SRs were identified and examined to establish their status regarding pre‐hoc approval of an independent ethics committee (EC), often termed Institutional Review Board (IRB) before commencing recruitment of trial participants. Ninety‐five SRs contained 960 primary trials, of which 272 (28.3%) were not examined by the author of this paper. Amongst the remaining 688 primary trials, 198 (29%) contained no reference to study conduct approval by a research ethics committee. The majority of primary studies referred to an EC/IRB approval with or without identifying the name of the ethics committee (n = 401, 58%), whereas some papers identified both the committee name and a protocol or reference number of the EC/IRB approval (n = 89, 13%). The Cochrane Collaboration, along with other developers of SRs, should adopt the policy established by COPE with regard to what to do if one suspect an ethical problem, that is, request evidence of EC/IRB approval. All stakeholders should rest assured that clinical policies and practices based on SRs are based on ethically sound clinical research.
Justice at the Gate? Negotiating Tensions Between Critical Literacy and “Culture of Power” Pedagogies
Authors: Puechner Shannon D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost people have struggled with reading in one situation or another, depending on their appreciation for the content, their prior experiences, and the texts. This department column shares ways for educators to help literacy learners unlock their potential with instruction anchored in their skills, knowledge, ways of learning, interests, and attitudes.
No difference between mechanical perturbation training with compliant surface and manual perturbation training on knee functional performance after ACL rupture
Authors: Nawasreh Zakariya , Logerstedt David , Failla Mathew , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTManual perturbation training improves dynamic knee stability and functional performance after anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL‐rupture). However, it is limited to static standing position and does not allow time‐specific perturbations at different phase of functional activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether administering mechanical perturbation training including compliant surface provides effects similar to manual perturbation training on knee functional measures after an acute ACL‐rupture. Sixteen level I/II athletes with ACL‐ruptures participated in this preliminary study. Eight patients received mechanical (Mechanical) and eight subjects received manual perturbation training (Manual). All patients completed a functional testing (isometric quadriceps strength, single‐legged hop tests) and patient‐reported measures (Knee Outcome Survey‐Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS‐ADLS), Global Rating Score (GRS), International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 (IKDC 2000) at pre‐ and post‐training. 2 × 2 ANOVA was used for data analysis. No significant group‐by‐time interactions were found for all measures (p > 0.18). Main effects of time were found for single hop (Pre‐testing: 85.14% ± 21.07; Post‐testing: 92.49% ± 17.55), triple hop (Pre‐testing: 84.64% ± 14.17; Post‐testing: 96.64% ± 11.14), KOS‐ADLS (Pre‐testing: 81.13% ± 11.12; Post‐testing: 88.63% ± 12.63), GRS (Pre‐testing: 68.63% ± 15.73; Post‐testing: 78.81% ± 13.85), and IKDC 2000 (Pre‐testing: 66.66% ± 9.85; Post‐testing: 76.05% ± 14.62) (p < 0.032). Administering mechanical perturbation training using compliant surfaces induce effects similar to manual perturbation training on knee functional performance after acute ACL‐rupture. The clinical significance is both modes of training improve patients' functional‐performance and limb‐to‐limb movement symmetry, and enhancing the patients’ self‐reported of knee functional measures after ACL rupture. Mechanical perturbation that provides a compliant surface might be utilized as part of the ACL rehabilitation training. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1391–1397, 2018.
Consumer visual appraisal and shelf life of leg chops from suckling kids raised with natural milk or milk replacer
Authors: Ripoll Guillermo , Alcalde María J , Argüello Anastasio , Córdoba María G , Panea Begoña 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of milk replacers to feed suckling kids could affect the shelf life and appearance of the meat. Leg chops were evaluated by consumers and the instrumental color was measured. A machine learning algorithm was used to relate them. The aim of this experiment was to study the shelf life of the meat of kids reared with dam's milk or milk replacers and to ascertain which illuminant and instrumental color variables are used by consumers as criteria to evaluate that visual appraisal.RESULTSMeat from kids reared with milk replacers was more valuable and had a longer shelf life than meat from kids reared with natural milk. Consumers used the color of the whole surface of the leg chop to assess the appearance of meat. Lightness and hue angle were the prime cues used to evaluate the appearance of meat.CONCLUSIONIlluminant D65 was more useful for relating the visual appraisal with the instrumental color using a machine learning algorithm. The machine learning algorithms showed that the underlying rules used by consumers to evaluate the appearance of suckling kid meat are not at all linear and can be computationally schematized into a simple algorithm. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Sol–gel/nanoclay composite as a sorbent for microextraction in packed syringe combined with corona discharge ionization ion mobility spectrometry for the determination of diazinon in water samples
Authors: Saraji Mohammad , Jafari Mohammad Taghi , Amooshahi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, the microextraction in packed syringe technique combined with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used for determining diazinon in water samples. A new porous composite of nanoclay and polysiloxane was prepared using a sol–gel process. An amount of 2.0 mg of the sorbent was packed in a 250 μL syringe and used for extraction. A volume of 2 mL of the sample was passed through the sorbent bed, and the entrapped analyte was eluted by 25 μL of methanol. Important parameters influencing the extraction performance were investigated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the detection limit for diazinon was 0.07 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were 5.0 and 12.3%, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 0.2 to 20.0 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing spiked real water samples and the spiking recoveries were in the range of 95 to 106%.
Caregiver Responses to Child Posttraumatic Distress: A Qualitative Study in a High‐Risk Context in South Africa
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Butler Ian , Tomlinson Mark , Skeen Sarah , Christie Hope , Stewart Jackie , Halligan Sarah L 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) have high rates of child trauma exposure and limited access to psychological services. Caregivers are often a child's key source of support following trauma in such contexts. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of primary caregivers in supporting their child posttrauma. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 female caregivers from a high‐risk settlement in Cape Town following child trauma exposure. Children were exposed to significant traumatic events, including gang violence, assault, and fatalities of close relatives. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis; several key themes emerged. First, caregivers were typically aware of child distress posttrauma, based primarily on manifest behaviors. Second, caregivers identified varied ways of providing support, including being warm and responsive; seeking to ensure physical safety by encouraging the child's perceptions of the community as dangerous; and encouraging forgetting as a way of coping, with limited discussions of the event. Third, many barriers existed to accessing psychological treatment, and caregivers had low involvement in any interventions. Finally, caregivers also experienced significant distress that could impact their responses to their child. The results illustrate the challenges faced by caregivers in supporting children following trauma in LMIC contexts and the need for accessible psychological interventions.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Preschool Children in Foster Care: The Influence of Placement and Foster Family Environment
Authors: Vasileva Mira , Petermann Franz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChildren in foster care often experience traumatic events which increase their risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Until now, no research has investigated the developmentally sensitive PTSS criteria for preschoolers among children in foster care. The current study estimated the prevalence of potentially traumatic experiences and clinical PTSS in German foster care children aged 3 to 7 years. The foster parents of 324 children completed questionnaires about children's PTSS, foster parental stress, parenting, and family functioning. Linear regression models tested trauma‐related variables, placement history, and foster family characteristics as predictors of PTSS. Approximately 45.4% of the foster children had experienced at least one traumatic event and 15.4% had clinical PTSS. Physical abuse, β = .34, p < .001; hospitalization, β = −.17, p = .026; witnessing someone being hurt, β = −.15, p = .047; and parental stress, β = .43, p < .001, were significantly associated with PTSS. Results demonstrate the impact the foster family has on children who are coping with trauma, and suggest the necessity of trauma‐sensitive trainings for foster parents, with stress management as an important component.