bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong interband Faraday rotation in 3D topological insulator Bi2Se3
Authors: Ohnoutek L. , Hakl M. , Veis M. , Piot B. A. , Faugeras C. , Martinez G. , Yakushev M. V. , Martin R. W. , Drašar Č. , Materna A. , Strzelecka G. , Hruban A. , Potemski M. , Orlita M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Faraday effect is a representative magneto-optical phenomenon, resulting from the transfer of angular momentum between interacting light and matter in which time-reversal symmetry has been broken by an externally applied magnetic field. Here we report on the Faraday rotation induced in the prominent 3D topological insulator Bi2Se3 due to bulk interband excitations. The origin of this non-resonant effect, extraordinarily strong among other non-magnetic materials, is traced back to the specific Dirac-type Hamiltonian for Bi2Se3, which implies that electrons and holes in this material closely resemble relativistic particles with a non-zero rest mass.
Pharmacologic Interventions in Preventing Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Jun-Liang , Zhang Duo-Duo , Zhao Yue , Zhang Dan , Zhang Xi-Meng , Zhou Can-Quan , Yao Shu-Zhong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOvarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe iatrogenic complication of controlled ovarian stimulation. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have proven several pharmacologic interventions to be effective in OHSS prevention, but these trials have seldom compared multiple drugs. We identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) through June 2015 by searching databases and compared 11 intervention strategies in preventing OHSS (primary outcome) and their influence on pregnancy rate (secondary outcome). A network meta-analysis was used to evaluate the relative effectiveness among treatments and to create a rank probability table. Thirty-one RCTs were identified, including 7181 participants. Five pharmacologic interventions were superior to placebo in decreasing OHSS incidence: aspirin [relative risk (RR) 0.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.01–0.30, p < 0.05], intravenous (IV) calcium [RR 0.11, 95% CrI 0.02–0.54, p < 0.05], cabergoline [RR 0.17, 95% CrI 0.06–0.43, p < 0.05], metformin [RR 0.20, 95% CrI 0.07–0.59, p < 0.05] and IV hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [RR 0.26, 95% CrI 0.05–0.99, p < 0.05]. The rank probability demonstrated aspirin (Rank 1: 36%) and IV calcium (Rank 1: 35%) to be the most efficacious. Additionally, albumin might decrease the pregnancy rate when compared with placebo [RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.97, p < 0.05]. This conclusion provides a relative standard and objective reference for choosing an OHSS prophylactic agent.
Evidence for contact calls in fish: conspecific vocalisations and ambient soundscape influence group cohesion in a nocturnal species
Authors: van Oosterom L. , Montgomery J. C. , Jeffs A. G. , Radford C. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSoundscapes provide a new tool for the study of fish communities. Bigeyes (Pempheris adspersa) are nocturnal planktivorous reef fish, feed in loose shoals and are soniferous. These vocalisations have been suggested to be contact calls to maintain group cohesion, however direct evidence for this is absent, despite the fact that contact calls are well documented for many other vertebrates, including marine mammals. For fish, direct evidence for group cohesion signals is restricted to the use of visual and hydrodynamic cues. In support of adding vocalisation as a contributing cue, our laboratory experiments show that bigeyes significantly increased group cohesion when exposed to recordings of ambient reef sound at higher sound levels while also decreasing vocalisations. These patterns of behaviour are consistent with acoustic masking. When exposed to playback of conspecific vocalisations, the group cohesion and vocalisation rates of bigeyes both significantly increased. These results provide the first direct experimental support for the hypotheses that vocalisations are used as contact calls to maintain group cohesion in fishes, making fish the evolutionarily oldest vertebrate group in which this phenomenon has been observed and adding a new dimension to the interpretation of nocturnal reef soundscapes.
Identification and preliminary characterization of chemosensory perception-associated proteins in the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae using RNA-seq
Authors: Elfekih Samia , Chen Chien-Yu , Hsu Ju-Chun , Belcaid Mahdi , Haymer David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn investigation into proteins involved in chemosensory perception in the melon fly,Bactrocera cucurbitae(Diptera: Tephritidae) is described here using a newly generated transcriptome dataset. The melon fly is a major agricultural pest, widely distributed in the Asia-Pacific region and some parts of Africa. For this study, a transcriptome dataset was generated using RNA extracted from 4-day-old adult specimens of the melon fly. The dataset was assembled and annotated via Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Based on this and similarity searches to data from other species, a number of protein sequences putatively involved in chemosensory reception were identified and characterized in the melon fly. This included the highly conserved “Orco” along with a number of other less conserved odorant binding protein sequences. In addition, several sequences representing putative ionotropic and gustatory receptors were also identified. This study provides a foundation for future functional studies of chemosensory proteins in the melon fly and for making more detailed comparisons to other species. In the long term, this will ultimately help in the development of improved tools for pest management.
A quantitative investigation of linker histone interactions with nucleosomes and chromatin
Authors: White Alison E. , Hieb Aaron R. , Luger Karolin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLinker histones such as H1 are abundant basic proteins that bind tightly to nucleosomes, thereby acting as key organizers of chromatin structure. The molecular details of linker histone interactions with the nucleosome and in particular the contributions of linker DNA and of the basic C-terminal tail of H1, are controversial. Here we combine rigorous solution-state binding assays with native gel electrophoresis and Atomic Force Microscopy, to quantify the interaction of H1 with chromatin. We find that H1 binds nucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays with very tight affinity by recognizing a specific DNA geometry minimally consisting of a solitary nucleosome with a single ~18 base pair DNA linker arm. The association of H1 alters the conformation of trinucleosomes so that only one H1 can bind to the two available linker DNA regions. Neither incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z, nor the presence of neighboring nucleosomes affects H1 affinity. Our data provide a comprehensive thermodynamic framework for this ubiquitous chromatin architectural protein.
Thermal and Electrical Conduction of Single-crystal Bi2Te3 Nanostructures grown using a one step process
Authors: Park Dambi , Park Sungjin , Jeong Kwangsik , Jeong Hong-Sik , Song Jea Yong , Cho Mann–Ho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSingle-crystal Bi2Te3 nanowires (NWs) and nanoribbons (NRs) were synthesized by a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method from Bi2Te3 powder. To investigate the thermal properties of the Bi2Te3 nanostructure, a nondestructive technique based on temperature dependent Raman mapping was carried out. The Raman peaks were red shifted with increasing temperature. In addition, the fraction of the laser power absorbed inside the Bi2Te3 nanostructures was estimated by optical simulation and used to calculate the thermal conductivity value (κ). The thermal conductivity value obtained for the Bi2Te3 NW and NR was 1.47 Wm−1K−1 and 1.81 Wm−1K−1 at 300 K, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3 nanostructure was also measured. In particular, an excellent electrical conductivity value of 1.22 * 103 Ω−1 cm−1 was obtained for the Bi2Te3 NW at 300 K. This result can be attributed to topological insulator surface states. As a result of our study, the figure of merit (ZT) for the Bi2Te3 NW and NR can be significantly improved.
Reduced risk of prostate cancer in childless men as compared to fathers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Yeqing , Xu Xin , Zheng Xiangyi , Xie Liping 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe previously reported association between fatherhood status and prostate cancer risk was controversial. We carried out the present meta-analysis of all relevant studies to summarize evidence on this association. A comprehensive literature search of studies was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, covering all the papers published from their inception to September 2015. The combined risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. A total of 11 studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. We found a significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer associated with being childless (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87–0.96). There was statistically significant heterogeneity across the studies (P < 0.001,I2 = 88.2%). In summary, this meta-analysis supports that being fatherless is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Because of the substantial heterogeneity and residual confounding, using other study designs to further explore this association and the underling mechanism is warranted.
In vivo articular cartilage deformation: noninvasive quantification of intratissue strain during joint contact in the human knee
Authors: Chan Deva D. , Cai Luyao , Butz Kent D. , Trippel Stephen B. , Nauman Eric A. , Neu Corey P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe in vivo measurement of articular cartilage deformation is essential to understand how mechanical forces distribute throughout the healthy tissue and change over time in the pathologic joint. Displacements or strain may serve as a functional imaging biomarker for healthy, diseased and repaired tissues, but unfortunately intratissue cartilage deformation in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we directly quantified for the first time deformation patterns through the thickness of tibiofemoral articular cartilage in healthy human volunteers. Magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions were synchronized with physiologically relevant compressive loading and used to visualize and measure regional displacement and strain of tibiofemoral articular cartilage in a sagittal plane. We found that compression (of 1/2 body weight) applied at the foot produced a sliding, rigid-body displacement at the tibiofemoral cartilage interface, that loading generated subject- and gender-specific and regionally complex patterns of intratissue strains and that dominant cartilage strains (approaching 12%) were in shear. Maximum principle and shear strain measures in the tibia were correlated with body mass index. Our MRI-based approach may accelerate the development of regenerative therapies for diseased or damaged cartilage, which is currently limited by the lack of reliable in vivo methods for noninvasive assessment of functional changes following treatment.
Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteriophage PaP3
Authors: Zhao Xia , Chen Canhuang , Shen Wei , Huang Guangtao , Le Shuai , Lu Shuguang , Li Ming , Zhao Yan , Wang Jing , Rao Xiancai , Li Gang , Shen Mengyu , Guo Keke , Yang Yuhui , Tan Yinling , Hu Fuquan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe interactions between Bacteriophage (phage) and host bacteria are widespread in nature and influences of phage replication on the host cells are complex and extensive. Here, we investigate genome-wide interactions ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa)and its temperate phage PaP3 at five time points during phage infection. Compared to the uninfected host, 38% (2160/5633) genes of phage-infected host were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional analysis of the repressed DEGs revealed infection-stage-dependent pathway communications. Based on gene co-expression analysis, most PaP3 middle genes were predicted to have negative impact on host transcriptional regulators. Sub-network enrichment analysis revealed that adjacent genes of PaP3 interacted with the same host genes and might possess similar functions. Finally, our results suggested that during the whole infection stage, the early genes of PaP3 had stronger regulatory role in host gene expression than middle and late genes, while the host genes involved amino acid metabolism were the most “vulnerable” targets of these phage genes. This work provides the basis for understanding survival mechanisms of parasites and host and seeking phage gene products that could potentially be used in anti-bacterial infection.
Regulation of Blood Pressure, Appetite, and Glucose by CNS Melanocortin System in Hyperandrogenemic Female SHR
Authors: do Carmo Jussara M. , da Silva Alexandre A. , Moak Sydney P. , Houghton Haley J. , Smith Andrew , Hall John E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hyperandrogenemia in females may be associated with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and increased blood pressure (BP). However the importance of hyperandrogenemia in causing hypertension in females and the mechanisms involved are still unclear. We tested whether chronic hyperandrogenemia exacerbates hypertension in young female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and whether endogenous melanocortin-3/4 receptor (MC3/4R) activation contributes to the elevated BP.

METHODS
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of chronic MC3/4R antagonism were assessed in female SHR treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT, beginning at 5 weeks of age) and placebo-treated female SHR. BP and heart rate (HR) were measured by telemetry and an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula was placed in the lateral ventricle for infusions. After control measurements, the MC3/4R antagonist (SHU-9119) was infused for 10 days (1 nmol/hour, ICV, at 15 weeks of age) followed by a 5-day recovery period.

RESULTS
MC3/4R antagonism increased food intake and body weight in DHT-treated SHR (14±1 to 35±1g/day and 244±3 to 298±8g) and controls (14±1 to 34±2g/day and 207±4 to 269±8g). Compared to untreated SHR, DHT-treated SHR had similar BP but lower HR (146±3 vs. 142±4mm Hg and 316±2 vs. 363±4 bpm). Chronic SHU-9119 infusion reduced BP and HR in DHT-treated SHR (−12±2mm Hg and −14±4 bpm) and control female SHR (−19±2mm Hg and −21±6 bpm).

CONCLUSION
These results indicate that hyperandrogenemia does not exacerbate hypertension in female SHR. MC3/4R antagonism reduces BP and HR despite marked increases in food intake and body weight in hyperandrogenemic and control female SHR.
Human thioredoxin 2 deficiency impairs mitochondrial redox homeostasis and causes early-onset neurodegeneration
Authors: Holzerova Eliska , Danhauser Katharina , Haack Tobias B. , Kremer Laura S. , Melcher Marlen , Ingold Irina , Kobayashi Sho , Terrile Caterina , Wolf Petra , Schaper Jörg , Mayatepek Ertan , Baertling Fabian , Friedmann Angeli José Pedro , Conrad Marcus , Strom Tim M. , Meitinger Thomas , Prokisch Holger , Distelmaier Felix 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Thioredoxin 2 (TXN2; also known as Trx2) is a small mitochondrial redox protein essential for the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis, apoptosis regulation and cell viability. Exome sequencing in a 16-year-old adolescent suffering from an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with severe cerebellar atrophy, epilepsy, dystonia, optic atrophy, and peripheral neuropathy, uncovered a homozygous stop mutation in TXN2. Analysis of patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated absence of TXN2 protein, increased reactive oxygen species levels, impaired oxidative stress defence and oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction. Reconstitution of TXN2 expression restored all these parameters, indicating the causal role of TXN2 mutation in disease development. Supplementation with antioxidants effectively suppressed cellular reactive oxygen species production, improved cell viability and mitigated clinical symptoms during short-term follow-up. In conclusion, our report on a patient with TXN2 deficiency suggests an important role of reactive oxygen species homeostasis for human neuronal maintenance and energy metabolism.
End of the century CO2 concentrations do not have a negative effect on vital rates of Calanus finmarchicus, an ecologically critical planktonic species in North Atlantic ecosystems
Authors: Runge Jeffrey A. , Fields David M. , Thompson Cameron R. S. , Shema Steven D. , Bjelland Reidun M. , Durif Caroline M. F. , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Subarctic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, is an ecologically critical foundation species throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. Any change in the abundance and distribution of C. finmarchicus would have profound effects on North Atlantic pelagic ecosystems and the services that they support, particularly on the coastal shelves located at the southern margins of the species' range. We tested the hypothesis that the physiological rates and processes of C. finmarchicus, determining its vital rates, are unaffected by increases in CO2 concentration predicted to occur in the surface waters of the ocean during the next 100 years. We reared C. finmarchicus from eggs to adults at a control (580 µatm, the ambient concentration at the laboratory's seawater intake) and at predicted mid-range (1200 µatm) and high (1900 µatm) pCO2. There was no significant effect of pCO2 on development times, lipid accumulation, feeding rate, or metabolic rate. Small but significant treatment effects were found in body length and mass (in terms of dry, carbon and nitrogen mass), notably a somewhat larger body size at the mid-pCO2 treatment; that is, a putatively beneficial effect. Based on these results, and a review of other studies of Calanus, we conclude that the present parameterizations of vital rates in models of C. finmarchicus population dynamics, used to generate scenarios of abundance and distribution of this species under future conditions, do not require an “ocean acidification effect” adjustment. A review of research on planktonic copepods indicates that, with only a few exceptions, impacts of increased CO2 are small at the levels predicted to occur during the next century.
Spatiotemporal factors affecting detection of black bears during noninvasive capture–recapture surveys
Authors: Wilton Clay M. , Beringer Jeff , Puckett Emily E. , Eggert Lori S. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Accounting for low and heterogeneous detection probabilities in large mammal capture–recapture sampling designs is a persistent challenge. Our objective was to improve understanding of ecological and biological factors driving detection using multiple data sources from an American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) DNA hair trap study in south-central Missouri. We used Global Positioning System telemetry and remote camera data to examine how a bear’s distance to traps, probability of space use, sex-specific behavior, and temporal sampling frame affect detection probability and number of hair samples collected at hair traps. Regression analysis suggested that bear distance to nearest hair trap was the best predictor of detection probability and indicated that detection probability at encounter was 0.15 and declined to &lt; 0.05 at nearest distances &gt; 330 m from hair traps. From remote camera data, number of hair samples increased with number of visits, but the proportion of hair samples from known visits declined 39% from early June to early August. Bears appeared attracted to lured hair traps from close distances and we recommend a hair trap density of 1 trap/2.6 km 2 with spatial coverage that encompasses potentially large male home ranges. We recommend sampling during the late spring and early summer molting period to increase hair deposition rates.
Pitfalls when observationally characterizing the relative formation rates of stars and stellar clusters in galaxies
Authors: Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Bastian Nate 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Stars generally form in aggregates, some of which are bound (‘clusters’) while others are unbound and disperse on short (${\sim }10 {\,{\rm Myr}}$) time-scales (‘associations’). The fraction of stars forming in bound clusters (Γ) is a fundamental outcome of the star formation process. Recent observational and theoretical work has suggested that Γ increases with the gas surface density (Σ) or star formation rate (SFR) surface density (ΣSFR), both within galaxies and between different ones. However, a recent paper by Chandar et al. has challenged these results, showing that the total number of stellar aggregates per unit SFR does not vary systematically with the host galaxy's absolute SFR. In this Letter, we show that no variations are expected when no distinction is made between bound and unbound aggregates, because the sum of these two fractions should be close to unity. We also demonstrate that any scaling of Γ with the absolute SFR is much weaker than with ΣSFR, due to the mass–radius–SFR relation of star-forming ‘main-sequence’ galaxies. The environmental variation of Γ should therefore be probed as a function of area-normalized quantities, such as Σ or ΣSFR. We present a set of guidelines for meaningful observational tests of cluster formation theories and show that these resolve the reported discrepancy.
Budi and Malay workplace ethics
Authors: Richardson Christopher , Yaapar Md Salleh , Amir Sabrina 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of budi, a concept incorporating moral values and intellect, in shaping the Malay workplace ethics and behaviour of the Malays.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a conceptual paper investigating how existing knowledge of budi and Malay cultural traditions manifests and affects contemporary workplace practices.

Findings
– Although the origins of budi can be traced back to pre-Islamic Malay civilisation, its influence can still be found in contemporary workplace settings. For example, the hierarchical organisational structure and workplace etiquette that characterise Malay managerial practices are related to budi. At the same time, this paper also suggests that budi may potentially serve as a catalyst for certain less desirable work practices, including the greater importance attached to prioritising social relations over work performance.

Originality/value
– In analysing budi, the paper explores a largely overlooked cultural concept within management literature. Although the Malay world is a rapidly growing centre of economic and business activity, relatively little scholarly attention has been devoted to exploring the cultural underpinnings and foundations that shape and influence Malay managerial and workplace practices among Malays.