bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concurrent and longitudinal associations of temperament and nutritional risk factors in early childhood
Authors: van den Heuvel M. , Chen Y. , Abdullah K. , Maguire J. L. , Parkin P. C. , Birken C. S. ,   on behalf of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundEarly childhood temperament is increasingly recognized as an important attribute that may impact screen time use, outdoor play and childhood obesity. The relationship between temperament and nutrition in preschool children is less clear.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to investigate if temperament dimensions (negative affectivity, effortful control and surgency) in early childhood are associated with nutritional risk factors.MethodsSix hundred seventy‐eight children were followed (mean age at baseline visit 3.1 years; mean time to follow‐up 16.5 months). Parents reported on child temperament and nutritional risk factors during regularly scheduled well‐child clinic visits.ResultsA mixed effect model demonstrated a significant association between higher negative affectivity (1.03; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.37) and higher effortful control (−0.88; 95% CI −1.27 to −0.49) on concurrent nutritional risk, independent of covariates. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified that higher effortful control, and not negative affectivity, was significantly associated with a decrease in nutritional risk (−0.67; 95% CI −1.10 to −0.24) over time, independent of covariates. There was no relationship identified between surgency and nutritional risk.ConclusionThree‐year‐old children with higher effortful control had reduced nutritional risk at 5 years of age. Future nutritional risk prevention strategies may benefit from interventions to increase effortful control in early childhood.
From Vagrancy Heterotopias to the Proximity of Homelessness. A Historical Ethnography of the State's Moral Dilemmas in the Management of Unease
Authors: Trovão Susana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses the tension between the criminal justice system and the welfare state as expressed through practices focused on populations who are perceived as being ‘at risk’ and constituting ‘a danger’ to society, therefore challenging the national governance of social precariousness and public (in)security. The analysis of a paradigmatic institution of Portuguese Fascism has brought to light how the contradictions between the long‐term subjectivation of vagrancy processes and the uses of anti‐vagrancy policies promoted by the dictatorial state to arrest and punish a significant part of his citizens may justify the moral dilemmas underlying the current Portuguese State's response to homelessness and urban marginality.
Ovalbumin expression in the oviduct magnum of hens is related to the rate of egg laying and shows distinct stress‐type‐specific responses
Authors: Zhao J. P. , Zhang Q. , Jiao H. C. , Wang X. J. , Jiang M. J. , Luo H. , Lin H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThree trials were performed to evaluate the association of ovalbumin (OVA) abundance in the oviduct magnum with egg production and the underlying regulatory mechanism by glucocorticoids. In trial 1, twenty Hy‐Line Brown layers (56–60 weeks of age) with different combinations (n = 5/combination) of laying rate (high or low) and egg weight (high or low) were selected from an initial group of 300. An upregulated expression of magnum OVA was observed (p < 0.05) in hens with higher laying rate, regardless of egg weight. In trial 2, eighty Hy‐Line Brown layers (80–90 weeks of age) were subjected to the forced moulting (n = 8). The abundance of OVA transcript and protein in the magnum was significantly decreased during moulting (p < 0.01), and the same was true for laying rate (p < 0.01) and serum oestrogen (p < 0.05). In trial 3, forty‐five 56‐week‐old Hy‐Line Brown layers were kept individually (n = 15) in the following conditions for 10 days: constant optimal ambient temperature at 23 °C and ad libitum feeding, high ambient temperature at 32 °C for 6 h/day (10:00–16:00) and ad libitum feeding (32AL), and constant optimal ambient temperature at 23 °C and pair‐fed to the 32AL hens. In spite of elevated corticosterone in circulation, OVA synthesis, blood oestrogen and laying rate were not affected by heat exposure (p > 0.05). These results allow concluding that OVA expression in the oviduct magnum of hens is related to the rate of egg laying and shows distinct stress‐type‐specific responses.
Effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophages against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 on clinical symptoms of post‐weaning pigs challenged with the ETEC pathogen
Authors: Lee C. Y. , Kim S. J. , Park B. C. , Han J. H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe present study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophages (phages) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 as a therapy against the ETEC infection in post‐weaning pigs. Two groups of post‐weaning pigs aged 35 days, eight animals per group, were challenged with 3.0 × 1010 colony forming units of ETEC K88, a third group given the vehicle. The unchallenged group and one challenged group were fed a basal nursery diet for 14 days while the remaining challenged group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 107 plaque forming units of the phage per kg. Average daily gain (ADG), goblet cell density and villous height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in the intestine were less in the challenged group than in the unchallenged group within the animals fed the basal diet (p < 0.05); the reverse was true for rectal temperature, faecal consistency score (FCS), E. coli adhesion score (EAS) in the intestine, serum interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations and digesta pH in the stomach, caecum and colon. The ETEC infection symptom within the challenged animals was alleviated by the dietary phage supplementation (p < 0.05) in ADG, FCS, EAS in the jejunum, serum TNF‐α concentration, digesta pH in the colon, goblet cell density in the ileum and colon and VH:CD ratio in the ileum. Moreover, the infection symptom tended to be alleviated (p < 0.10) by the phage supplementation in rectal temperature, EAS in the ileum and caecum, and VH:CD ratio in the duodenum and jejunum. However, EAS in the colon, digesta pH in the stomach and caecum, and goblet cell density in the jejunum did not change due to the dietary phage. Overall, results indicate that the phage therapy is effective for alleviation of acute ETEC K88 infection in post‐weaning pigs.
Influence of dietary slow‐release urea on growth performance, organ development and serum biochemical parameters of mutton sheep
Authors: Ji S. K. , Zhang F. , Sun Y. K. , Deng K. D. , Wang B. , Tu Y. , Zhang N. F. , Jiang C. G. , Wang S. Q. , Diao Q. Y. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryEighty Dorper × thin‐tailed Han cross‐bred non‐castrated male lambs [mean body weight (BW), 25.87 ± 1.06 kg] were randomly allocated to one of five different concentrations of slow‐release urea (urea phosphate, UP). The feed consisted of an equal amount of concentrate diet and roughage; the concentrate feed was formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenic and contained 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% UP (UP0.0, UP1.0, UP2.0, UP4.0 and UP8.0, respectively) as a replacement for soya bean meal. Feed intake, BW, average daily gain (ADG), feed utilisation efficiency (FUE), absolute and relative organ weights and biochemical and histopathological parameters were measured. Feed intake, BW, ADG and FUE significantly decreased in the group receiving UP8.0 (p < 0.05), but no difference was found among the other groups (p > 0.05). Quadratic equations were developed between the UP dosage in the concentrate feed and ADG or FUE (r2 = 0.973 for ADG and r2 = 0.761 for FUE) to determine the appropriate dosage of UP given the desire to maximise either ADG or FUE, the appropriate dosage (feed concentration) was calculated as 2.01% UP to achieve the greatest ADG or 2.13% UP to achieve the best FUE. The relative weight of the liver (% BW) in the UP2.0 groups was significantly greater than that of UP0.0 (p < 0.05), and the relative weight of the intestine in the UP8.0 was significantly greater than that of UP0.0 (p < 0.05); the relative weight of the carcass, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). The UP8.0 treatment significantly increased serum phosphorus levels (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of alkaline phosphatase, glucose and calcium (Ca) compared with the lower UP dosage (p < 0.05). No histopathological differences were found in either hepatic tissues or renal tissues among treatments. Dietary UP as a replacement for soya bean in concentrate feeds for mutton sheep should not exceed 4%, as higher dosing may cause malnutrition and mineral disorders.
Multi‐centre retrospective study of long‐term outcomes following traumatic elbow luxation in 37 dogs
Authors: Sajik D. , Meeson R. L. , Kulendra N. , Jordan C. J. , James D. , Calvo I. , Farrell M. , Kulendra E. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVESLimited guidelines exist regarding the optimal treatment of traumatic canine elbow luxation, and there is a lack of information on long‐term functional outcome. Here we report reduction and stabilisation techniques for a series of traumatic elbow luxations and describe clinical outcome plus long‐term questionnaire‐based follow‐up.METHODSRetrospective review of canine traumatic elbow luxations (2006 to 2013) treated at five referral centres. Data recorded included signalment, luxation aetiology, time to reduction, reduction technique, surgical procedure, post‐reduction care and complications. Questionnaire follow‐up was attempted for all cases with owners completing the Canine Brief Pain Inventory.RESULTSThirty‐seven dogs were included. The most frequent cause of luxation was road traffic accident (n=22). Twenty cases were treated surgically. Seven dogs suffered major postoperative complications: reluxation (n=6), infection requiring implant removal (n=1). Four of the six reluxations occurred in dogs that had other orthopaedic injuries. Twenty‐two owners completed the Canine Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire: there were 13 excellent, 6 very good, 1 good and 2 fair outcomes. Outcome was not associated with the reduction technique.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEInitial closed reduction, followed by surgical stabilisation if unsuccessful, results in good‐to‐excellent outcomes in the majority of traumatic canine elbow luxations. Reluxation was the most common major complication and there was a higher incidence of reluxation in patients with multiple orthopaedic injuries.
Genome‐wide set of SNPs reveals evidence for two glacial refugia and admixture from postglacial recolonization in an alpine ungulate
Authors: Sim Zijian , Hall Jocelyn C. , Jex Bill , Hegel Troy M. , Coltman David W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPast glaciation events have played a major role in shaping the genetic diversity and distribution of wild sheep in North America. The advancement of glaciers can isolate populations in ice‐free refugia, where they can survive until the recession of ice sheets. The major Beringian refugium is thought to have held thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli) populations during times of glacial advance. While isolation in the major refugium can account for much of the genetic and morphological diversity seen in extant thinhorn sheep populations, mounting evidence suggests the persistence of populations in smaller minor refugia. We investigated the refugial origins of thinhorn sheep using ~10 000 SNPs obtained via a cross‐species application of the domestic sheep ovine HD BeadChip to genotype 52 thinhorn sheep and five bighorn sheep (O. canadensis) samples. Phylogenetic inference revealed a distinct lineage of thinhorn sheep inhabiting British Columbia, which is consistent with the survival of a group of thinhorn sheep in a minor refugium separate from the Beringian refugium. Isolation in separate glacial refugia probably mediated the evolution of the two thinhorn sheep subspecies, the white Dall's sheep (O. d. dalli), which persisted in Beringia, and the dark Stone's sheep (O. d. stonei), which utilized the minor refugium. We also found the first genetic evidence for admixture between sheep from different glacial refugia in south‐central Yukon as a consequence of post glacial expansion and recolonization. These results show that glaciation events can have a major role in the evolution of species inhabiting previously glaciated habitats and the need to look beyond established refugia when examining the evolutionary history of such species.
Homologues of CsLOB1 in citrus function as disease susceptibility genes in citrus canker
Authors: Zhang Junli , Huguet ‐Tapia Jose Carlos , Hu Yang , Jones Jeffrey , Wang Nian , Liu Sanzhen , White Frank F. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe lateral organ boundary domain (LBD) genes encode a group of plant‐specific proteins that function as transcription factors in the regulation of plant growth and development. Citrus sinensis lateral organ boundary 1 (CsLOB1) is a member of the LBD family and functions as a disease susceptibility gene in citrus bacterial canker (CBC). Thirty‐four LBD members have been identified from the Citrus sinensis genome. We assessed the potential for additional members of LBD genes in citrus to function as surrogates for CsLOB1 in CBC, and compared host gene expression on induction of different LBD genes. Using custom‐designed transcription activator‐like (TAL) effectors, two members of the same clade as CsLOB1, named CsLOB2 and CsLOB3, were found to be capable of functioning similarly to CsLOB1 in CBC. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a set of cell wall metabolic genes that are associated with CsLOB1, CsLOB2 and CsLOB3 expression and may represent downstream genes involved in CBC.
Prolonged esophageal acid exposures induce synaptic downscaling of cortical membrane AMPA receptor subunits in rats
Authors: Banerjee B. , Medda B. K. , Zhang J. , Tuchscherer V. , Babygirija R. , Kannampalli P. , Sengupta J. N. , Shaker R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe recently reported the involvement of AMPA (α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor subunit upregulation and phosphorylation in the rostral cingulate cortex (rCC) as the underlying mechanism of acute esophageal acid‐induced cortical sensitization. Based on these findings, we proposed to investigate whether prolonged esophageal acid exposures in rats exhibit homeostatic synaptic scaling through downregulation of AMPA receptor expression in rCC neurons. We intended to study further whether this compensatory mechanism is impaired when rats are pre‐exposed to repeated esophageal acid exposures neonatally during neuronal development.MethodsTwo different esophageal acid exposure protocols in rats were used. Since AMPA receptor trafficking and channel conductance depend on CaMKIIα‐mediated phosphorylation of AMPA receptor subunits, we examined the effect of esophageal acid on CaMKIIα activation and AMPA receptor expression in synaptoneurosomes and membrane preparations from rCCs.Key ResultsIn cortical membrane preparations, GluA1 and pGluA1Ser831 expression were significantly downregulated following prolonged acid exposures in adult rats; this was accompanied by the significant downregulation of cortical membrane pCaMKIIα expression. No change in GluA1 and pGluA1Ser831 expression was observed in rCC membrane preparations in rats pre‐exposed to acid neonatally followed by adult rechallenge.Conclusions & InferencesThis study along with our previous findings suggests that synaptic AMPA receptor subunits expression and phosphorylation may be involved bidirectionally in both esophageal acid‐induced neuronal sensitization and acid‐dependent homeostatic plasticity in cortical neurons. The impairment of homeostatic compensatory mechanism as observed following early‐in‐life acid exposure could be the underlying mechanism of heightening cortical sensitization and esophageal hypersensitivity in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia,Pilosa) of theCocinetasBasin (LaGuajira,Colombia): implications for theGreatAmericanBioticInterchange
Authors: Amson Eli , Carrillo Juan D. , Jaramillo Carlos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe describe sloth assemblages from theCocinetasBasin (LaGuajira peninsula,Colombia), found in theNeogeneCastilletes andWare formations, located in northernmostSouthAmerica, documenting otherwise poorly known biotas. The tentative referral of a specimen to a small megatherioid sloth,Hyperleptus?, from the early–middleMioceneCastilletesFormation, suggests affinities of this fauna with the distantSantaCruzFormation and documents a large latitudinal distribution for this taxon. The latePlioceneWareFormation is much more diverse, with five distinct taxa representing every family of ‘ground sloths’. This diversity is also remarkable at the ecological level, with sloths spanning over two orders of magnitude of body mass and probably having different feeding strategies. Being only a few hundred kilometres away from theIsthmus ofPanama, and a few hundred thousand years older than the classically recognized first main pulse of theGreatAmericanBiotic interchange (GABI1), theWareFormation furthermore documents an important fauna for the understanding of this major event inNeogene palaeobiogeography. The sloths for which unambiguous affinities were recovered are not closely related to the early immigrants found inNorthAmerica beforeGABI1.
Development of gene‐based markers for the Turnip mosaic virus resistance gene retr02 in Brassica rapa
Authors: Li Guo‐Liang , Qian Wei , Zhang Shu‐Jiang , Zhang Shi‐Fan , Li Fei , Zhang Hui , Wu Jian , Wang Xiao‐Wu , Sun Ri‐Fei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is responsible for a serious disease that affects the production of Chinese cabbage. Previous studies have cloned a series of TuMV resistance genes and developed molecular markers. In this study, a derived cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (dCAPS) marker and a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker were developed based on a single recessive gene, retr02, which confers broad‐spectrum TuMV resistance in Chinese cabbage by means of an additional G at the junction of exon 1 and intron 1. The two markers were able to detect the retr02 allele in Chinese cabbage accessions used in breeding programmes. Compared with the dCAPS marker, the KASP marker was flexible, cost‐effective and quick to process, which is likely to be beneficial in establishing high‐throughput assays for marker‐assisted selection.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Versus Mexameter® MX18 Measurements of Melanin and Erythema in an African Population
Authors: Wright Caradee Y. , Karsten Aletta E. , Wilkes Marcus , Singh Ann , du Plessis Johan , Albers Patricia N. , Karsten Petrus A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMelanin provides protection against excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and related adverse health effects. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) can be used to calculate cutaneous melanin and erythema, but this is complex and has been mostly used for light‐to‐medium pigmented skin. Handheld reflectance spectrophotometers, such as the Mexameter® MX18, can also be used. We compared DRS‐calculated melanin and erythema values with Mexameter melanin and erythema index values to understand how these techniques/measurements correlate in an African population of predominantly deeply pigmented skin. Five hundred and three participants comprised 68.5% self‐identified Black African, 9.9% Indian/Asian, 18.4% White and 2.9% Colored. The majority of Black African (45%), Indian/Asian (34%) and Colored (53%) participants self‐identified their skin as being “brown.” Measured melanin levels increased with darker self‐reported skin color. DRS‐calculated and Mexameter melanin values demonstrated a positive correlation (Spearman rho = 0.87, P < 0.001). The results from both instruments showed erythema values were strongly correlated with their own melanin values. This finding is considered spurious and may result from the complexity of separating brown and red pigment when using narrowband reflectance techniques. Further work is needed to understand melanin, erythema and color in Black skin given sun‐related health risks in vulnerable groups in Africa.
Fungal endophyte protects Atractylodes lancea from root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Ren C.‐G. , Chen F. , Dai C.‐C. 
Published: June 2016

Endophytic fungi, which stimulate a variety of defence reactions in host plants without causing visible disease symptoms, have been isolated from almost every plant. However, beneficial interactions between fungal endophytes and pathogens from the same habitat remain largely unknown. An inoculation of Atractylodes lancea plantlets with Gilmaniella sp. AL12 (AL12) prior to infection with Fusarium oxysporum prevented the necrotization of root tissues and plant growth retardation commonly associated with fusarium root rot. Quantification of F. oxysporum infections using real‐time PCR revealed a correlation between root rot symptoms and the relative amount of fungal DNA. Pretreatment with AL12 reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species stimulated by F. oxysporum. An in vitro analysis of their interactions under axenic culture conditions showed AL12 could inhibit F. oxysporum growth. Additionally, F. oxysporum infections were shown to decrease salicylic acid (SA) production compared with control plantlets. SA biosynthesis inhibitors, 2‐aminoindan‐2‐phosphonic acid and paclobutrazol, abolished the inhibition of F. oxysporum growth in A. lancea even after inoculation with AL12. The results indicated that the fungal endophyte protected A. lancea not only by direct antibiosis, but also by reversing the F. oxysporum‐mediated suppression of SA production.
Competitive growth characteristics between Microcystis aeruginosa and Cyclotella sp. accompanying changes in river water inflow and their simulation model
Authors: Mikawa Masahiro , Sugimoto Koichi , Amano Yoshimasa , Machida Motoi , Imazeki Fumio 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWhen the water quality in Lake Tega was the worst among Japanese lakes in the 1970s, cyanobacteria (mainly the genus Microcystis) were observed to be the dominant species in the summer. Since 2000, for water quality improvement, a large amount of the Tone River water was discharged into Lake Tega, resulting in an improvement in the water quality together with transition of algal dominant species from cyanobacteria to diatoms (mainly the genus Cyclotella). Although several factors including nutrient concentration and daily renewal rate (d) could have been related to the succession of algal dominant species, these effects have not been understood very well. This study investigated the effects of the daily renewal rate and nitrate‐nitrogen (hereafter nitrogen) concentration (N) on the competition between the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and the diatom Cyclotella sp. through monoculture and monoxenic culture experiments. Based on the experimental results, a simulation model was constructed to predict the competitive growth pattern of each species. Monoxenic culture experiments showed that M
. aeruginosa outcompeted Cyclotella sp. under conditions of N = 0.5 (1.0 mg‐N L−1) and d = 5, 15, and 20%. The domination of M
. aeruginosa could be attributed to smaller values for the half‐saturation constant and the minimum nitrogen cell quota for this species with respect to Cyclotella sp. However, Cyclotella sp., possessing higher values of nitrogen cell quota and nitrogen uptake rate, dominated by an increasing nitrogen concentration (N = 1.0 mg L−1) and daily renewal rate (d = 30%). The competitive growth patterns of M
. aeruginosa and Cyclotella sp. could roughly be predicted by the simulation model. These results suggested that the daily renewal rate as well as the nitrogen concentration, could affect the competition and be influential factors as to which species dominates between M
. aeruginosa and Cyclotella sp.