bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehending Sentences With the Body: Action Compatibility in British Sign Language?
Authors: Vinson David , Perniss Pamela , Fox Neil , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrevious studies show that reading sentences about actions leads to specific motor activity associated with actually performing those actions. We investigate how sign language input may modulate motor activation, using British Sign Language (BSL) sentences, some of which explicitly encode direction of motion, versus written English, where motion is only implied. We find no evidence of action simulation in BSL comprehension (Experiments 1–3), but we find effects of action simulation in comprehension of written English sentences by deaf native BSL signers (Experiment 4). These results provide constraints on the nature of mental simulations involved in comprehending action sentences referring to transfer events, suggesting that the richer contextual information provided by BSL sentences versus written or spoken English may reduce the need for action simulation in comprehension, at least when the event described does not map completely onto the signer's own body.
Decomposition nitrogen is better retained than simulated deposition from mineral amendments in a temperate forest
Authors: Nair Richard K. F. , Perks Michael P. , Mencuccini Maurizio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition (NDEP) drives forest carbon (C) sequestration but the size of this effect is still uncertain. In the field, an estimate of these effects can be obtained by applying mineral N fertilizers over the soil or forest canopy. A 15N label in the fertilizer can be then used to trace the movement of the added N into ecosystem pools and deduce a C effect. However, N recycling via litter decomposition provides most of the nutrition for trees, even under heavy NDEP inputs. If this recycled litter nitrogen is retained in ecosystem pools differently to added mineral N, then estimates of the effects of NDEP on the relative change in C (∆C/∆N) based on short‐term isotope‐labelled mineral fertilizer additions should be questioned. We used 15N labelled litter to track decomposed N in the soil system (litter, soils, microbes, and roots) over 18 months in a Sitka spruce plantation and directly compared the fate of this 15N to an equivalent amount in simulated NDEP treatments. By the end of the experiment, three times as much 15N was retained in the O and A soil layers when N was derived from litter decomposition than from mineral N additions (60% and 20%, respectively), primarily because of increased recovery in the O layer. Roots expressed slightly more 15N tracer from litter decomposition than from simulated mineral NDEP (7.5% and 4.5%) and compared to soil recovery, expressed proportionally more 15N in the A layer than the O layer, potentially indicating uptake of organic N from decomposition. These results suggest effects of NDEP on forest ∆C/∆N may not be apparent from mineral 15N tracer experiments alone. Given the importance of N recycling, an important but underestimated effect of NDEP is its influence on the rate of N release from litter.
Exposure to parental separation in childhood and later parenting quality as an adult: evidence from a 30‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Friesen Myron D. , John Horwood L. , Fergusson David M. , Woodward Lianne J. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPrevious research has documented that exposure to parental separation/divorce during childhood can be associated with long‐term consequences into adulthood. This study sought to extend this literature by examining associations between childhood exposure to parental separation/divorce and later parenting behavior as an adult in a New Zealand birth cohort.MethodsData were drawn from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1,265 children born in 1977 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Information about exposure to parental separation and divorce was gathered annually from birth to 15 years. At the 30‐year follow‐up, all cohort members who had become parents (biological or nonbiological) were assessed on several parenting dimensions (sensitivity, warmth, overreactivity, inconsistency, quality of child management, and physical punishment).ResultsThe analyses showed that exposure to more frequent parental separation in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower levels of parental sensitivity and warmth, greater overreactivity, and an increased use of physical punishment as a parent, after controlling for a wide range of family socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, and individual child characteristics.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that as exposure to parental separation increases, so does the likelihood of experiencing multiple developmental challenges in childhood and adolescence. As an adult, these life‐course experiences can have small but significant associations with the quality of parenting behavior.
Short‐term outcomes after surgical resection for colorectal cancer in South Australia
Authors: Beckmann Kerri , Moore James , Wattchow David , Young Graeme , Roder David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectiveShort‐term outcomes (unplanned readmission, post‐surgical complication rates, 30‐day and 90‐day post‐surgical mortality) are often used as indicators of quality of surgical care for colorectal cancer (CRC). Differences in these immediate outcomes can highlight disparities in care across patient subpopulations. This study aimed to document short‐term outcomes following major surgery for CRC and to identify whether there were any sociodemographic differences across South Australia (SA).MethodsThis population‐based study included all CRC resections among SA residents diagnosed with CRC aged 50–79 years in 2003‐2008 (n = 3940). Clinical, treatment, comorbidity and outcomes data were compiled through linkage of administrative and surveillance datasets across SA. A retrospective cohort design was used to examine short‐term outcomes including post‐operative complications, 28‐day emergency readmission and 30‐day and 90‐day mortality. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with each outcome.ResultsPost‐operative complications occurred in 28% of cases. Thirty‐day and ninety‐day mortality were 1.3% and 3%, respectively. Later stage, older age, multiple comorbidities and emergency admissions were associated with poorer short‐term outcomes. Risk of complications was lower among patients from higher socio‐economic areas (OR = 0.77, 95%CI 0.62‐0.98). Risk of 30‐day mortality was higher among non‐metropolitan patients (OR = 2.33, 95%CI 1.22‐4.46). Post‐operative complications increased the risk of emergency readmission and short‐term mortality.ConclusionsShort‐term outcomes following CRC surgery may be improved through strategies to increase earlier detection and reduce emergency admissions. Socioeconomic and regional disparities require further examination of health system factors.
S-Nitrosoglutathione ameliorates acute renal dysfunction in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis
Authors: Samuvel Devadoss J , Shunmugavel Anandakumar , Singh Avtar K , Singh Inderjit , Khan Mushfiquddin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective
Sepsis induces an inflammatory response that results in acute renal failure (ARF). The current study is to evaluate the role of S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in renoprotection from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis.

Methods
Rats were divided to three groups. First group received LPS (5 mg/kg body weight), second group was treated with LPS + GSNO (50 μg/kg body weight), and third group was administered with vehicle (saline). They were sacrificed on day 1 and 3 post-LPS injection. Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were analysed. Tissue morphology, T lymphocyte infiltrations, and the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, iNOS) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) mediators as well as glutathione (GSH) levels were determined.

Key finding
Lipopolysaccharide significantly decreased body weight and increased cellular T lymphocyte infiltration, caspase-3 and iNOS and decreased PPAR-γ in renal tissue. NO, creatinine and BUN were significantly elevated after LPS challenge, and they significantly decreased after GSNO treatment. TNF-α level was found significantly increased in LPS-treated serum and kidney. GSNO treatment of LPS-challenged rats decreased caspase-3, iNOS, TNF-α, T lymphocyte infiltration and remarkably increased levels of IL-10, PPAR-γ and GSH.

Conclusion
GSNO can be used as a renoprotective agent for the treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.
Melatonin enhances thermotolerance by promoting cellular protein protection in tomato plants
Authors: Xu Wen , Cai Shu‐Yu , Zhang Yun , Wang Yu , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Xia Xiao‐Jian , Shi Kai , Zhou Yan‐Hong , Yu Jing‐Quan , Reiter Russel J. , Zhou Jie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMelatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that provides physiological protection against diverse environmental stresses in plants. Nonetheless, the mechanisms for melatonin‐mediated thermotolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we report that endogenous melatonin levels increased with a rise in ambient temperature and that peaked at 40°C. Foliar pretreatment with an optimal dose of melatonin (10 μmol/L) or the overexpression of N‐acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) gene effectively ameliorated heat‐induced photoinhibition and electrolyte leakage in tomato plants. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by overexpression of ASMT decreased the levels of insoluble and ubiquitinated proteins, but enhanced the expression of heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) to refold denatured and unfolded proteins under heat stress. Meanwhile, melatonin also induced expression of several ATG genes and formation of autophagosomes to degrade aggregated proteins under the same stress. Proteomic profile analyses revealed that protein aggregates for a large number of biological processes accumulated in wild‐type plants. However, exogenous melatonin treatment or overexpression of ASMT reduced the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Aggregation responsive proteins such as HSP70 and Rubisco activase were preferentially accumulated and ubiquitinated in wild‐type plants under heat stress, while melatonin mitigated heat stress‐induced accumulation and ubiquitination of aggregated proteins. These results suggest that melatonin promotes cellular protein protection through induction of HSPs and autophagy to refold or degrade denatured proteins under heat stress in tomato plants.
Delimitating cryptic species in the Gracilaria domingensis complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) using molecular and morphological data
Authors: Lyra Goia de M. , Gurgel C. Frederico D. , Costa Emmanuelle da S. , de Jesus Priscila B. , Oliveira Mariana C. , Oliveira Eurico C. , Davis Charles C. , Nunes José Marcos de Castro 
Published: August 2016

Species in the genus Gracilaria that display conspicuously flattened vegetative morphologies are a taxonomically challenging group of marine benthic red algae. This is a result of their species richness, morphological similarity, and broad phenotypic plasticity. Within this group, the Gracilaria domingensis complex is one of the most common, conspicuous, and morphologically variable species along the tropical western Atlantic Ocean. Previous research has identified that members of this complex belong to two distantly related clades. However, despite this increased phylogentic resolution, species delimitations within each of these clades remain unclear. Our study assessed the species diversity within this difficult complex using morphological and molecular data from three genetic markers (cox1, UPA, and rbcL). We additionally applied six single‐marker species delimitation methods (SDM: ABGD, GMYCs, GMYCm, SPN, bPTP, and PTP) to rbcL, which were largely in agreement regarding species delimitation. These results, combined with our analysis of morphology, indicate that the G. domingensis complex includes seven distinct species, each of which are not all most closely related: G. cervicornis; a ressurected G. ferox; G. apiculata subsp. apiculata; a new species, Gracilaria baiana sp. nov.; G. intermedia subsp. intermedia; G. venezuelensis; and G. domingensis sensu stricto, which includes the later heterotypic synonym, G. yoneshigueana. Our study demonstrates the value of multipronged strategies, including the use of both molecular and morphological approaches, to decipher cryptic species of red algae.
Insured Veterans’ Use of VA and Non‐VA Health Care in a Rural State
Authors: West Alan N. , Charlton Mary E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo understand how working‐age VA‐enrolled veterans with commercial insurance use both VA and non‐VA outpatient care, and how rural residence affects dual use, for common diagnoses and procedures.MethodsWe analyzed VA and non‐VA outpatient treatment records for any months during 2005‐2010 that New Hampshire veterans ages <65 were simultaneously enrolled in VA health care and commercial insurance (per NH's mandatory claims database). Controlling for covariates, we used analysis of variance to compare urban and rural VA users, non‐VA users, and dual users on travel burden, diagnosis counts, duration in outpatient care, and visit frequencies, and logistic regressions to assess whether rural veterans were as likely to be seen for common conditions and procedures.FindingsMore than half of patients were non‐VA users and another third were dual users; rural residents were slightly more likely than urban residents to be dual users. For nearly any common diagnosis or procedure, dual users were more likely to have it at some time during treatment than other patients in either VA or non‐VA care, but they seldom had it listed in both care systems. Dual users also were seen most often overall, although within either care system they were seen less often than other patients, particularly if they were rural residents living far from care. Rural residence reduced chances of treatment for a wide variety of conditions, though it also was associated with more musculoskeletal and connective tissue diagnoses. It also reduced chances that patients had some diagnostic and treatment procedures but increased the odds of others that may require fewer visits.ConclusionsDual users living in rural areas may have less continuity in their health care. Ensuring that rural dual users are identified in primary care should improve access and care coordination.
Kostmann syndrome: oral aspects and 10‐year follow‐up case report
Authors: Fernandes Karin Sá , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio , de Rezende Nathalie Pepe Medeiros , Gallottini Marina 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTKostmann syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a low neutrophil count and recurrent bacterial infections, including periodontal disease. This report describes the case of a 5‐year‐old female KS patient treated with regular infusions of granulocyte stimulating factor (granulokine), with primary complaint of gingival bleeding and tooth mobility, and followed up for 10 years. Conventional periodontal treatment and some extractions were performed, after neutrophil function tests using flow cytometry. The invasive procedures were carried out at an outpatient clinic under antibiotic prophylaxis due to a low neutrophil count and an impaired neutrophil function presented. During the 10‐year follow‐up period, despite episodes of recurrent gingivitis and periodontitis the present report describes the positive outcome of dental treatment of a patient with KS.
Investigating the Interaction Between Sleep Symptoms of Arousal and Acquired Capability in Predicting Suicidality
Authors: Hochard Kevin D. , Heym Nadja , Townsend Ellen 
Published: August 2016

Heightened arousal significantly interacts with acquired capability to predict suicidality. We explore this interaction with insomnia and nightmares independently of waking state arousal symptoms, and test predictions of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) and Escape Theory in relation to these sleep arousal symptoms. Findings from our e‐survey (n = 540) supported the IPTS over models of Suicide as Escape. Sleep‐specific measurements of arousal (insomnia and nightmares) showed no main effect, yet interacted with acquired capability to predict increased suicidality. The explained variance in suicidality by the interaction (1%–2%) using sleep‐specific measures was comparable to variance explained by interactions previously reported in the literature using measurements composed of a mix of waking and sleep state arousal symptoms. Similarly, when entrapment (inability to escape) was included in models, main effects of sleep symptoms arousal were not detected yet interacted with entrapment to predict suicidality. We discuss findings in relation to treatment options suggesting that sleep‐specific interventions be considered for the long‐term management of at‐risk individuals.
Experiencing ‘Illegality’ as a Family? Immigration Enforcement, Social Policies, and Discourses Targeting Mexican Mixed‐Status Families
Authors: Rodriguez Cassaundra 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMexican mixed‐status families have been front and center in embroiled national debates about the place of undocumented immigrants and their citizen family members in this country. These families face unique obstacles, including possible family fragmentation caused by deportation, challenges to birthright citizenship, and they are often targeted by anti‐immigrant elected officials and political pundits that perpetuate a racialized discourse that casts even citizen children in these families as an abomination of US citizenship. Therefore, “illegality” may be a familial experience that can be endured by citizens and non‐citizens alike. Despite their unique vulnerabilities, researchers know very little about how mixed‐status families experience belonging in the country while managing possible tensions and inequalities shaped by immigration status. In this article, I review the research on punitive immigration enforcement and the scholarship on social policies and discourse targeting mixed‐status families. I conclude by reviewing new directions in sociological research and suggest avenues for research that may examine mixed‐status families' subjectivities, belonging, and negotiations of family relationships.
Racial Identity Contestation: Mapping and Measuring Racial Boundaries
Authors: Vargas Nicholas , Kingsbury Jared 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSurvey based research typically uses a single measure of racial self‐classification to study racial inequality and to make group based comparisons. Race, however, is multidimensional; experienced not only in accord with how one self‐identifies, but also in relation to how one is perceived racially by others. For example, an individual can self‐identify racially as Black, but be perceived by most others as non‐Black. We refer to this experience as racial identity contestation. We briefly review the growing set of literature on related topics, detail the divergent approaches to measuring racial identity contestation with survey data, and compare descriptive estimates of racial identity contestation across methodological approaches. Moreover, we seek to cull others into considering the analytic utility of racial identity contestation for research on racial boundaries. We argue that a focus on racial identity contestation can be leveraged as an analytical tool to better understand the topography of ongoing racial projects by mapping social definitions of who is and is not typically perceived as a member of a particular racial group.
Role of Expertise, Consensus, and Informational Valence in Children's Performance Judgments
Authors: Boseovski Janet J. , Marble Kimberly E. , Hughes Chelsea 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo experiments examined the role of expertise, consensus, and informational valence on children's acceptance of informant testimony about the quality of work produced by a target child. In Experiment 1, 96 4‐ to 5.9‐year‐olds and 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds were told about an expert who gave a positive or negative assessment of art or music that was contradicted by one layperson or a consensus of three laypersons. Generally, participants endorsed positive assessments as correct irrespective of expertise and consensus, but older children were more likely than younger children to want to learn from the expert in the future. To examine whether reluctance to accept expertise was due to the negative quality of the information, the expert in Experiment 2 simply stated that additional work was needed. Both age groups selected the expert as correct and reported wanting to learn from the expert in the future. Contributions to social learning models are discussed.
Effect of bandage contact lens wear and postoperative medical therapies on corneal healing rate after diamond burr debridement in dogs
Authors: Dees D. Dustin , Fritz Kevin J. , Wagner Lynsey , Paglia Danielle , Knollinger Amy M. , Madsen Richard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of bandage contact lens wear and type of post‐operative medical treatment on corneal healing rates in dogs after diamond burr debridement.Animals Studied237 client‐owned dogs.ProceduresCanine patients having undergone diamond burr debridement (DBD) for treatment of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) were included. Patients were put into 1 of 12 different groups based on type of postoperative medical regimen and whether a bandage contact lens (BCL) was utilized. Each dog was examined on a routine basis until the cornea was fluorescein negative. Data points collected included age, sex, breed, diabetic status, eye affected, Schirmer tear test 1, rebound tonometry, type and frequency of topical antibiotic, use of topical sodium chloride, use and retention ofBCL, and days until healed.ResultsA total of 237 dogs, each contributing one eye to the study, underwentDBDforSCCEDs. All eyes treated had estimated median ± standard error (SE) days to heal of 9.37 ± 0.42 days. When sodium chloride andBCLwere utilized, ofloxacin had a significantly shorter median healing time when compared to oxytetracycline (adjustedP = 0.0158) and tobramycin (adjustedP = 0.0261).BCLuse significantly improved healing times (P = 0.0002). OverallBCLretention rate was 62.02% (80 of 129). PureVision lenses were retained more often compared to Acrivet lenses (P < 0.0001). Overall,BCLretention significantly improved healing rates (P = <0.0001).ConclusionsPostdebridement antibiotic type or use of sodium chloride ointment had minor effects on healing rates. Bandage contact lens use and retention significantly improves healing times.