bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic and Ultrastructural Findings of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Warren Mikako , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2017

Background Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a hereditary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase enzyme complex, which lead to the inability to kill intracellular pathogens. Patients with CGD are susceptible to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections in their early lives. Although the recent survival rate has been significantly improved, early diagnosis is critical to prevent multiple organ impairment. In 1950s, CGD was first described as a disease with recurrent infections and visceral infiltration of granulomas and pigmented histiocytes. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is commonly performed for patients with CGD; however, no study has described the cytologic features of alveolar macrophages. Methods Cytology of 20 BALs from 11 CGD patients was examined. The greatest diameters of randomly selected 100 alveolar macrophages in each BAL were measured using image analysis and compared with 20 disease control BALs from non-CGD patients. Macrophages from 2 groups were compared with repeated measures mixed-model analysis. Ultrastructural analysis was performed on a representative CGD BAL. Results BALs from CGD patients showed variable numbers of neutrophils and lipid-laden macrophages. Macrophages in CGD BALs were significantly larger than disease control BALs ( P < .0001) and showed “foamy” vacuolated cytoplasm. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the macrophages filled with enlarged lysosomes containing lipofuscin-like materials, which made their appearance “foamy.” Conclusion In this study, we demonstrate novel BAL findings in CGD patients. The presence of enlarged “foamy” alveolar macrophages is not specific for CGD, but CGD should be considered as a differential diagnosis when foamy macrophages are present.
Whole transcriptome analysis identifies differentially regulated networks between osteosarcoma and normal bone samples
Authors: Ho Xuan Dung , Phung Phuong , Q Le Van , H Nguyen Van , Reimann Ene , Prans Ele , Kõks Gea , Maasalu Katre , Le Nghi TN , H Trinh Le , G Nguyen Hoang , Märtson Aare , Kõks Sulev 
Published: October 2017

We performed whole transcriptome analysis of osteosarcoma bone samples. Initially, we sequenced total RNA from 36 fresh-frozen samples (18 tumoral bone samples and 18 non-tumoral paired samples) matching in pairs for each osteosarcoma patient. We also performed independent gene expression analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples to verify the RNAseq results. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples allowed us to analyze the effect of chemotherapy. Data were analyzed with DESeq2, edgeR and Reactome packages of R. We found 5365 genes expressed differentially between the normal bone and osteosarcoma tissues with an FDR below 0.05, of which 3399 genes were upregulated and 1966 were downregulated. Among those genes, BTNL9, MMP14, ABCA10, ACACB, COL11A1, and PKM2 were expressed differentially with the highest significance between tumor and normal bone. Functional annotation with the reactome identified significant changes in the pathways related to the extracellular matrix degradation and collagen biosynthesis. It was suggested that chemotherapy may induce the modification of ECM with important collagen biosynthesis. Taken together, our results indicate that changes in the degradation of extracellular matrix seem to be an important mechanism of osteosarcoma and efficient chemotherapy induces the genes related to bone formation. Impact statement Osteosarcoma is a rare disease but it is of interest to many scientists all over the world because the current standard treatment still has poor results. We sequenced total RNA from 36 fresh-frozen paired samples (18 tumoral bone samples and 18 non-tumoral paired samples) from osteosarcoma patients. We found that differences in the gene expressions between the normal and affected bones reflected the changes in the regulation of the degradation of collagen and extracellular matrix. We believe that these findings contribute to the understanding of OS and suggest ideas for further studies.
Exploring Workload among Informal Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Authors: Zenker Rachel , Pardell Connor , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea , Kind Amy J. H. , Werner Nicole 
Published: October 2017

Background: An estimated 5.3 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementias (Association 2015). Healthcare delivery for persons with Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementias (PwD), involves both the formal (e.g., physicians, social workers) and informal (e.g., family members, neighbors) work of healthcare. Informal caregiving for PwD totals approximately 18 billion hours of work per year and costs up to 217.7 billion dollars per year in caregiving costs, lost productivity and medical and institutional care (Association 2015). Informal caregivers must execute complex tasks in a dynamic environment often without the necessary information, resources, and training (Allegri, Sarasola et al. 2006, Gitlin, Kales et al. 2012). In addition, informal caregiving requires a physical, emotional, psychological, financial and temporal commitment from the informal caregiver. The confluence of these circumstances has the potential to influence the demands experienced by informal caregivers and the capacity to meet those demands. As informal caregivers increasingly take on healthcare tasks that were previously performed by trained professionals, it is important to understand how the workload experienced by informal caregivers and how it affects caregiving performance. Objective: To explore workload among informal caregivers of PwD to identify the influencers of capacity and demand and understand the interaction between capacity, demand, and caregiver burden. Method: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews (N=9) with informal caregivers of PwD to explore the workload among informal caregivers using qualitative thematic analysis. The interview questions related to the understanding of: 1) work performed by informal caregivers 2) strategies, tools, and resources used by informal caregivers 3) unmet needs related to caregiving work and 4) the environment in which the caregiving occurred. Results: We found three overarching themes related to caregiver workload: (1) informal caregiving demands surpass the capacity of any individual informal caregiver; (2) informal caregivers experienced dynamic workload that increased over time (i.e., as the disease progressed) forcing informal caregivers to seek assistance from other formal and informal caregiving resources; and (3) training, information, and resource scarcity is associated with informal caregiver work overload. Conclusions: Our results suggest that informal caregivers experience dynamic workload that increases over time, and that cannot be sustained by one person. Although informal caregivers were able to develop strategies to support workload, due to the progressive nature of the disease, specific strategies were not typically useful over time.
Elasticity Characterization of Liver Cancers Using Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography: Comparison Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastasis
Authors: Choong Kah Lai , Wong Yin How , Yeong Chai Hong , Gnanasuntharam Gnana Kumar , Goh Khean Lee , Yoong Boon Kong , Pongnapang Napapong , Abdullah Basri Johan Jeet 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: This was a feasibility study of shear wave ultrasound elastography for characterization of liver tumors and to compare the tissue elasticity values of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver metastases, and normal liver tissues. Methods: Forty-one patients and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited and categorized into HCC, liver metastasis, and control groups based on their computed tomography and sonographic examinations. Elasticity values of different groups were compared statistically. Results: Mean (standard deviation) elasticity values for HCC, liver metastasis, and normal liver tissue were 51.45 (14.96), 49.89 (13.82), and 6.63 (1.65) kilopascal, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the elasticity values of HCC and liver metastasis with normal liver tissue. Based on the receiver operating characteristics analysis, 18.25 kilopascal may differentiate the malignant focal liver lesions from the normal liver tissue with both sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Shear wave ultrasound elastography may be able to differentiate HCC and liver metastasis from normal liver tissue based on the tissue elasticity values.
Ixazomib significantly prolongs progression-free survival in high-risk relapsed/refractory myeloma patients
Authors: Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Bahlis Nizar J. , Chng Wee-Joo , Masszi Tamas , Viterbo Luisa , Pour Ludek , Ganly Peter , Palumbo Antonio , Cavo Michele , Langer Christian , Pluta Andrzej , Nagler Arnon , Kumar Shaji , Ben-Yehuda Dina , Rajkumar S. Vincent , San-Miguel Jesus , Berg Deborah , Lin Jianchang , van de Velde Helgi , Esseltine Dixie-Lee , di Bacco Alessandra , Moreau Philippe , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
IRd was associated with a consistent PFS benefit vs placebo-Rd in RRMM patients with high-risk and standard-risk cytogenetics. The addition of ixazomib to Rd overcomes the poor PFS associated with high-risk cytogenetics in patients with RRMM.
Combined measurement of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide lung transfer does not improve the identification of pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Degano Bruno , Soumagne Thibaud , Delaye Thomas , Berger Patrick , Perez Thierry , Guillien Alicia , Pellegrin Jean-Luc , Launay David , Magy-Bertrand Nadine , Agard Christian , Tiev Kiet Phong , Hua-Huy Thông , Tardiff Catherine , Diaz Véronique , Chambellan Arnaud , Dinh-Xuan Anh Tuan 
Published: October 2017

Screening is important to determine whether patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have pulmonary hypertension because earlier pulmonary hypertension treatment can improve survival in these patients. Although decreased transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) is currently considered the best pulmonary function test for screening for pulmonary hypertension in SSc, small series have suggested that partitioningTLCOinto membrane conductance (diffusing capacity) for carbon monoxide (DMCO) and alveolar capillary blood volume (VC) through combined measurement ofTLCOand transfer factor of the lung for nitric oxide (TLNO) is more effective to identify pulmonary hypertension in SSc patients compared withTLCOalone. Here, the objective was to determine whether combinedTLCO–TLNOpartitioned with recently refined equations could more accurately detect pulmonary hypertension thanTLCOalone in SSc.For that purpose, 572 unselected consecutive SSc patients were retrospectively recruited in seven French centres.Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed with right heart catheterisation in 58 patients.TLCO,TLNOandVCwere all lower in SSc patients with pulmonary hypertension than in SSc patients without pulmonary hypertension. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the presence of pulmonary hypertension was equivalent forTLCO(0.82, 95% CI 0.79–0.85) andTLNO(0.80, 95% CI 0.76–0.83), but lower forVC(0.75, 95% CI 0.71–0.78) andDMCO(0.66, 95% CI 0.62–0.70).Compared withTLCOalone, combinedTLCO–TLNOdoes not add capability to detect pulmonary hypertension in unselected SSc patients.
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry Testing: A Review of Analytical Assays and Clinical Implementation in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Büttner Reinhard , Gosney John R. , Skov Birgit Guldhammer , Adam Julien , Motoi Noriko , Bloom Kenneth J. , Dietel Manfred , Longshore John W. , López-Ríos Fernando , Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Viale Giuseppe , Wotherspoon Andrew C. , Kerr Keith M. , Tsao Ming-Sound 
Published: October 2017

Purpose Three programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently approved for treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Treatment with pembrolizumab in NSCLC requires PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. Nivolumab and atezolizumab are approved without PD-L1 testing, though US Food and Drug Administration-cleared complementary PD-L1 tests are available for both. PD-L1 IHC assays used to assess PD-L1 expression in patients treated with programmed death-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical trials include PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx (28-8), PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx (22C3), Ventana PD-L1 SP142 (SP142), and Ventana PD-L1 SP263 (SP263). Differences in antibodies and IHC platforms have raised questions about comparability among these assays and their diagnostic use. This review provides practical information to help physicians and pathologists understand analytical features and comparability of various PD-L1 IHC assays and their diagnostic use. Methods We reviewed and summarized published or otherwise reported studies (January 2016 to January 2017) on clinical trial and laboratory-developed PD-L1 IHC assays (LDAs). Studies assessing the effect of diagnostic methods on PD-L1 expression levels were analyzed to address practical issues related to tissue samples used for testing. Results High concordance and interobserver reproducibility were observed with the 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 clinical trial assays for PD-L1 expression on tumor cell membranes, whereas lower PD-L1 expression was detected with SP142. Immune-cell PD-L1 expression was variable and interobserver concordance was poor. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity had variable effects on PD-L1 expression. Concordance among LDAs was variable. Conclusion High concordance among 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 when assessing PD-L1 expression on tumor cell membranes suggests possible interchangeability of their clinical use for NSCLC but not for assessment of PD-L1 expression on immune cells. Development of LDAs requires stringent standardization before their recommendation for routine clinical use.
The polymorphic proteins TgrB1 and TgrC1 function as a ligand–receptor pair in Dictyostelium allorecognition
Authors: Hirose Shigenori , Chen Gong , Kuspa Adam , Shaulsky Gad 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Allorecognition is a key factor in Dictyostelium development and sociality. It is mediated by two polymorphic transmembrane proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, which contain extracellular immunoglobulin domains. TgrB1 and TgrC1 are necessary and sufficient for allorecognition, and they carry out separate albeit overlapping functions in development, but their mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we show that TgrB1 acts as a receptor with TgrC1 as its ligand in cooperative aggregation and differentiation. The proteins bind each other in a sequence-specific manner; TgrB1 exhibits a cell-autonomous function and TgrC1 acts non-cell-autonomously. The TgrB1 cytoplasmic tail is essential for its function and it becomes phosphorylated upon association with TgrC1. Dominant mutations in TgrB1 activate the receptor function and confer partial ligand independence. These roles in development and sociality suggest that allorecognition is crucial in the integration of individual cells into a coherent organism.
Panorama da gestão de pessoas no setor público
Authors: Lustosa Bandeira Emanuella , Rocha de Arruda Hanna , Cézar de Aquino Cabral Augusto , Maria dos Santos Sandra 
Published: October 2017

O crescimento da produção acadêmica em Administração no Brasil, principalmente na área de gestão de pessoas, tem incentivado a produção de muitos balanços críticos. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre gestão de pessoas no setor público, identificando as temáticas mais recorrentes, os aspectos metodológicos e a demografia dos autores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliométrica que, por meio da análise de conteúdo e estatística descritiva, faz o levantamento das publicações nos periódicos nacionais RAE, RAC, RAP e RAUSP e nos anais dos eventos da ANPAD entre 2005 e 2014. Os resultados indicam que continuam predominando estudos de caso tipicamente ilustrativo e que a diversidade de origem é baixa, predominando autores da região sudeste. Houve uma inovação em relação à temática quando abordado especificamente o setor público: avaliação das políticas de GP e gestão por competência aparecem como temáticas mais pesquisadas, atreladas aos decretos instituídos pelo governo federal; e “choque de gestão” é identificada como temática própria do funcionalismo público. Palavras-chave: Gestão de Pessoas. Setor Público. Estudo Bibliométrico.
Ex-Day Returns of Stock Distributions: An Anchoring Explanation
Authors: Chang Eric C. , Lin Tse-Chun , Luo Yan , Ren Jinjuan 
Published: October 2017

We offer a new anchoring explanation for the ex-day abnormal returns of stock distributions, including stock dividend distributions, splits, and reverse splits. We propose that investors tend to anchor on cum-day prices in valuating ex-distribution stocks, resulting in a positive association between ex-day returns and adjustment factors. We find that this positive return-factor relation exists for all three types of stock distributions and in both the pre- and post-decimalization periods. Furthermore, we find that this positive return-factor relation is more pronounced among events that are more subject to investors’ anchoring propensity, featured by less investor attention, greater arbitrage difficulty, greater valuation uncertainty, less investor sophistication, and higher market sentiment. Last, using brokerage account data, we show that stocks that are traded by investors with more investment experience demonstrate a weaker return-factor relation. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2843 . This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Pharmacotherapy for Patients with Obesity
Authors: Gadde Kishore M , Apolzan John W , Berthoud Hans-Rudolf 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although pharmacotherapy is not the cornerstone of obesity treatment, it is a valuable tool that could be considered for patients who have not had adequate benefit from lifestyle interventions or who have difficulty maintaining initial weight loss over longer periods.

CONTENT
This review focuses on the role of antiobesity drugs, the mechanisms by which the drugs work, potential pharmacological targets in the neural control of food intake and regulation of body weight, the history of antiobesity drugs, a summary of efficacy and safety data from clinical trials, and the clinical application of pharmacotherapy. Currently, 5 approved drug therapies are available in the US for long-term weight management, with only 2 of these meeting the stronger Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria of 5% weight loss relative to a placebo after 1 year and others receiving approval based on the categorical criterion of the proportions of patients achieving 5% weight loss. Interpretation of the results of clinical trials conducted before regulatory agency approval is limited by high dropout rates; thus, the results might not be replicable in clinical practice settings. Many patients who are suitable candidates for pharmacotherapy are not using the new drugs due to lack of insurance coverage and high out-of-pocket costs.

SUMMARY
With the availability of 4 new drugs since 2012, clinicians in the US now have more tools for long-term weight management. The quality of pharmacotherapy clinical investigations needs considerable improvement. Future research should focus on examining the mediators and moderators of response.
Other Dimensions of Tax Billing with Gjzeling (Study on Tax Confiscation Officials at KPP Pratama Surabaya Wonocolo)
Authors: Prastiwi Dewi , Puspitasari Diana Amalia 
Published: October 2017

Hostage or Gjzeling is one of the tax collection efforts to tax payers in certain places within a maximum period of 6 months from the tax insurer placed in the hostage-taking and this can be extended for about 6Â months. Many of the constraints faced by tx confiscation officals are related to the duty of gijzeling. This study aims to explore the ways of Â gijzeling using a qualitative approach or non-positivistic with interpretive paradigm in approaching the true reality. The result shows that the efforts made for the success of tax confiscation officials in gizjeling process are to: 1) believe that the process of gijzeling is for the law enforcement efforts, the process of education to taxpayers, as well as carrying Â out the mandate of the State to save the state money; 2) manage the conflict with tax insurer based on the hang rule to the taxpayer, neutral, professional, and uphold integrity; 3) uploading awareness by downloading "brainwashing" penangung pajak
Belief Revision towards Long-Series Information
Authors: Ayuananda Tri Ika , Utami Intiyas 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the research is to assess the primacy effect of the sequence for the manner of presentation and information formation on the audit decisions in revising the belief when the information is presented differently. The primacy effect is the decision by the auditor when the information is provided in sequence and weighting the larger initial information towards the auditor belief. This research used a 2x2x2 experimental design with 116 participants of the Undergraduate accounting majors (S1). The results of the research showed that: 1) the primacy effect on decision-making occurred when information was presented sequential pattern;2) the decision making audit, the primacy effects occurred Â in a visual form; 3) there is a primacy effect when the information is presented with a long series order.
Green Brand Image Relation Model, Green Awareness, Green Advertisement, and Ecological Knowledge as Competitive Advantage in Improving Green Purchase Intention and Green Purchase Behavior on Creative Industry Products
Authors: Rahmi Devi Yulia , Rozalia Yolanda , Chan Dessi Nelty , Anira Qisthina , Lita Ratni Prima 
Published: October 2017

The study tried to analyze and determine 1) the effect of green brand image on green purchase intention, 2) effect of green awareness on green purchase intention, 3) the effect of green advertisement on green purchase intention, 4) the effect of ecological knowledge on green purchase intention, and 5) the effect of green purchase intention on green purchase behavior. Explanatory research was done with a survey explanatory research methods and quantitative research, with Â the population of consumers Bukittinggi with 150 respondents collected using accidental sampling with questionnaires, Â analyzed by descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Model. It shows Â ecological knowledge affects green purchase intention, but the green brand image, green awareness, and Â green advertisement have no effect on the increase in the green purchase intention. Green purchase intention can increase in consumer green purchase behavior. It implies that the creative industry should continue to improve the quality and knowledge of the consumer, so the competitive advantage will be achieved.