bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of hard rods with initial domain wall state
Authors: Doyon Benjamin , Spohn Herbert 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Inspired by recent results on the non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body quantum systems, we study the classical hard rod problem in one dimension with initial domain wall condition. Hard rods are an integrable system, in the sense that for each velocity the density of particles is locally conserved. It was proven by Boldrighini et al (1983 J. Stat. Phys. 31 577) that on the hydrodynamic space-time scale, the fluid of hard rods satisfies Euler-type equations which comprise all conservation laws. We provide the general solution to these equations on the line, with an initial condition where the left and right halves are, asymptotically, in different states. The solution is interpreted as being composed of a continuum of contact discontinuities, one for each velocity. This is a classical counterpart of the transport problem solved recently in quantum integrable systems. We also discuss the Navier–Stokes (viscous) corrections, and study its effect on the broadening of the contact discontinuity and on entropy production.
4D nucleome Analysis Toolbox: analysis of Hi-C data with abnormal karyotype and time series capabilities
Authors: Seaman Laura , Rajapakse Indika 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The availability of powerful analysis tools will further understanding of genome organization and its relationship to phenotype in dynamical settings.

Results
The 4D Nucleome Analysis Toolbox (NAT) is a user-friendly and powerful MATLAB toolbox for time series analysis of genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data and gene expression (RNA-seq). NAT can load and normalize data, define topologically associating domains, analyse translocations, produce visualization, and study time course data. We provide examples that include time series data sets and karyotypically abnormal cell lines demonstrating the flexibility of NAT.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/laseaman/4D_Nucleome_Analysis_Toolbox
Topological Realizations of Line Arrangements
Authors: Ruberman Daniel , Starkston Laura 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA venerable problem in combinatorics and geometry asks whether a given incidence relation may be realized by a configuration of points and lines. The classic version of this would ask for lines in a projective plane over a field. An important variation allows for pseudolines: embedded circles (isotopic to $\mathbb R\rm{P}^1$) in the real projective plane. In this article we investigate whether a configuration is realized by a collection of 2-spheres embedded, in symplectic, smooth, and topological categories, in the complex projective plane. We find obstructions to the existence of topologically locally flat spheres realizing a configuration, and show for instance that the combinatorial configuration corresponding to the projective plane over any finite field is not realized. Such obstructions are used to show that a particular contact structure on certain graph manifolds is not (strongly) symplectically fillable. We also show that a configuration of real pseudolines can be complexified to give a configuration of smooth, indeed symplectically embedded, 2-spheres.
Mechanical Modeling of a Keratoconic Cornea
Authors: Perone Jean Marc , Conart Jean Baptiste , Bertaux Pierre-Jean , Sujet-Perone Nicolas , Ouamara Nadia , Sot Maxime , Henry Jean Jacques 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
We created a laboratory model of a cornea that was subjected to various pressures and thermal and mechanical factors to better understand the genesis of keratoconus deformation.

Methods:
A steel base allowed for fixation of circular multilaminated patches of araldite (10 cm in diameter, 5 mm thick) in which the corneal anatomy was modeled. The model was plunged into a steam room (374°F/3 bars of pressure for 1 h) to ensure thermal homogeneity and was subjected to pressure using compressed air. Three models were assessed: a fault-free model with no lesion (model 1), and 2 models with a defect. The first of the defective models (model 2) had an external crack-type lesion (1 cm long; 1 mm deep). The second defective model (model 3) had one quarter thinned down using abrasive sandpaper (thickness reduced by 30%–40%).

Results:
For model 1, which represented a healthy cornea, homogeneous modification was noted when examined under polarized light. In model 2, no excessive deformation was noticed, but there were stress lines at the edge of the lesion. Model 3 had a deformity, similar to keratoconic deformation.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the disease progresses under environmental stresses, but only when there is an initial defect, and especially when there is a thinning down defect. This thinning down defect may be induced by continual eye rubbing.
SLC5A1 Mutations in Saudi Arabian Patients With Congenital Glucose‐Galactose Malabsorption
Authors: Al‐Suyufi Yasir , ALSaleem Khalid , Al‐Mehaidib Ali , Banemai Mohammed , Aldekhail Wajeeh M. , Al‐Muhandes Abdulhakim , Mohammed Manal , Allam Rabab , Jambi Amani , Ramzan Khushnooda , Imtiaz Faiqa 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCongenital glucose‐galactose malabsorption (cGGM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in the SLC5A1 gene, encoding the sodium/glucose cotransporter 1, which may result in severe life‐threatening osmotic diarrhea due to the accumulation of unabsorbed sugars in the intestinal lumen. If treated early with elimination of glucose and galactose from the diet, patients usually recover and develop normally. We present clinical and molecular data from 16 unrelated cGGM diagnosed Saudi patients from consanguineous families with majority of them having previous positive family history of cGGM. Sanger sequencing for the full coding regions of SLC5A1 for all patients resulted in the identification of 4 allelic variants in a homozygous state. Two mutations are novel; c.265G>A (p.G89R) and c.1304 G>A (p.G435D), and 2 have been previously reported to cause cGGM, c.765 C>G (p.C255W) and c.1136 G>A (p.R379Q). This is the first report delineating the clinical and molecular basis of cGGM in patients from this region.
The Relationship Between Child Mortality Rates and Prevalence of Celiac Disease
Authors: Biagi Federico , Raiteri Alberto , Schiepatti Annalisa , Klersy Catherine , Corazza Gino R. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Some evidence suggests that prevalence of celiac disease in the general population is increasing over time. Because the prognosis of celiac disease was a dismal one before discovering the role of gluten, our aim was to investigate a possible relationship between children under‐5 mortality rates and prevalence rates of celiac disease.Methods:Thanks to a literature review, we found 27 studies performed in 17 different countries describing the prevalence of celiac disease in schoolchildren; between 1995 and 2011, 4 studies were performed in Italy. A meta‐analysis of prevalence rates was performed. Prevalence was compared between specific country under‐5 mortality groups, publication year, and age.Results:In the last decades, under‐5 mortality rates have been decreasing all over the world. This reduction is paralleled by an increase of the prevalence of celiac disease. The Spearman correlation coefficient was −63%, 95% confidence interval −82% to −33% (P < 0.001). So, the higher the mortality rate, the lower the prevalence of CD. This finding is confirmed by the meta‐analysis of the 4 studies conducted in Italy over time.Conclusions:The under‐5 mortality rate seems to influence the prevalence of celiac disease in the general population. In the near future, the number of patients with celiac disease will increase, thanks to the better environmental conditions that nowadays allow a better survival of children with celiac disease.
The Associations of Hospital Volume, Surgeon Volume, and Surgeon Experience with Complications and 30-Day Rehospitalization after Free Tissue Transfer: A National Population Study
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Lu Yiwen , Chang Shu-Chen , Lin Chia-Yu , Wang Yi-Chun , Chang Chee Jen , Cheng Ming-Huei , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Greater provider volume is associated with better outcomes. There is, however, a paucity of evidence on volume-outcome associations for surgical complications and 30-day all-cause rehospitalization after free tissue transfer or free flap surgery. Surgical complications and frequent rehospitalization are important quality indicators that substantially hinder appropriate health care spending. The authors hypothesized that increased provider volume and surgeon experience are associated with lower complication and hospital readmission rates.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults aged 18 to 64 years who underwent free tissue transfer. They examined 100 percent of all free tissue transfers between 2001 and 2012 using Taiwan’s national data, and used regression modeling to examine associations between volume and outcome. All models were adjusted for patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics.

Results:
Seventeen percent of free tissue transfer operations (4201 of 25,327) had complications. Infection was the most prevalent after free tissue transfer (70 percent), and the 30-day rehospitalization rate was approximately 20 percent. Hospital volume was associated with a small decrease in complications (OR, 0.99; 95 percent CI, 0.99 to 0.99; p < 0.01). For surgeons, years of experience and not annual case volume decreased surgical complications (OR, 0.98; 95 percent CI, 0.97 to 0.99; p = 0.01). The authors did not find any association between hospital or surgeon volume, or surgeon’s years of experience and 30-day rehospitalization.

Conclusions:
Higher-volume hospitals and more experienced surgeons were shown to have a lower likelihood of postsurgery complications. Hospital process and structure affect outcomes and reduce surgical complications. Reducing 30-day rehospitalization may require payment reform, as it demands coordinated care before and after hospital discharge.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
TLR4 Inactivation in Myeloid Cells Accelerates Bone Healing of a Calvarial Defect Model in Mice
Authors: Wang Dan , Gilbert James R. , Taylor Gwen M. , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J. , Losee Joseph E. , Billiar Timothy R. , Cooper Gregory M. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in inflammation-induced bone destruction in various chronic bone diseases; however, its direct influence on bone healing is not well understood. The authors’ previous study showed accelerated bone healing with higher osteoclastogenesis gene expression in toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice (TLR4-/-). This study aimed to further elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms during fracture healing by generating a myeloid cell-specific toll-like receptor 4 knockout model (Lyz-TLR4-/- mice).

Methods:
Calvarial defects, 1.8 mm in diameter, were created in wild-type, TLR4-/-, and Lyz-TLR4-/- mice. Bone healing was investigated using micro–computed tomography and histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemistry analyses. Primary bone marrow–derived cells were also isolated from wild-type, TLR4-/-, and Lyz-TLR4-/- mice to measure their osteoclast differentiation and resorption properties.

Results:
A similar faster bone healing response, with active intramembranous bone formation, intense osteopontin staining, and more osteoblast infiltration, was observed in TLR4-/- and Lyz-TLR4-/- mice. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed more osteoclast infiltration in Lyz-TLR4-/- mice than in wild-type mice at day 7. Primary bone marrow–derived cells isolated from TLR4-/- and Lyz-TLR4-/- mice presented enhanced osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity compared with those from wild-type mice. Comparable M0, M1, and M2 macrophage infiltration was found among all groups at days 1, 4, and 7.

Conclusions:
This study revealed that inactivation of toll-like receptor 4 in myeloid cells enhanced osteoclastogenesis and accelerated healing response during skull repair. Together with the role of toll-like receptor 4 in inflammation-mediated bone destruction, it suggests that toll-like receptor 4 might regulate inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis under different clinical settings.
Facial Nerve Supply to the Orbicularis Oculi around the Lower Eyelid: Anatomy and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Choi Yeop , Kang Hyun Gu , Nam Yong Seok , Kang Jae-Goo , Kim In-Beom 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The motor innervation of the lower orbicularis oculi has not been clearly established. There is a discrepancy between anatomical descriptions and clinical outcomes of the motor innervation of the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to identify every motor and sensory nerve of the lower eyelid, and to reveal the detailed motor nerve pathways toward the medial canthal area.

Methods:
Fresh cadaver dissections were performed on 50 hemifaces under a surgical microscope. Submuscular and intramuscular nerves of the lower eyelid were identified, and the pathways of facial nerves that ran toward the medial canthus were traced.

Results:
Vertical submuscular nerves at the lower eyelid originated from the infraorbital foramen, indicating that all were sensory nerves. The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve traveled obliquely through the anterior cheek and supplied the orbicularis oculi of the lower eyelid and the medial portion of the upper eyelid. Its route was defined as a clinically useful line, the medial orbicularis motor line. In addition, the nerve innervating the pretarsal orbicularis oculi arose at the superomedial preseptal area and extended horizontally and laterally. Interestingly, the angular nerve appeared not to innervate the palpebral orbicularis oculi.

Conclusions:
In the lower eyelid, the vertical sensory and the oblique motor nerve supplies are independent and clearly distinguished in aspect of their own routes. The medial orbicularis motor line represents the motor route to the medial portion of the orbicularis oculi. These results might provide valuable knowledge about surgical anatomy for safe lower blepharoplasty with or without midface lift.
Synthetic single domain antibodies for the conformational trapping of membrane proteins
Authors: Zimmermann Iwan , Egloff Pascal , Hutter Cedric A. , Stohler Peter , Bocquet Nicolas , Hug Melanie , Siegrist Martin , Svacha Lisa , Gera Jennifer , Gmür Samira , Spies Peter , Gygax Daniel , Geertsma Eric R. , Dawson Roger J.P. , Seeger Markus A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSingle domain antibodies called nanobodies are excellent affinity reagents for membrane proteins. However, their generation relies on immunizations, which is only amenable to robust proteins and impedes selections in the presence of non-covalent or toxic ligands. To overcome these key limitations, we developed a novelin vitroselection platform, which builds on synthetic nanobodies called sybodies. Inspired by the shape diversity of natural nanobodies, three sybody libraries exhibiting different randomized surface shapes were engineered for high thermal stability. Using ribosome display, exceptionally large libraries were pre-enriched against membrane protein targets and subsequently funneled into a robust phage display process, thereby reducing selection bias. We successfully generated conformation-selective, high affinity sybodies against the human glycine transporter GlyT1, the human equilibrative nucleotide transporter ENT1 and a bacterial ABC transporter. Our platform builds exclusively on commercially available reagents and enables non-specialized labs to generate conformation-specific binders against previously intractable protein targets.
Causal Associations Between Body Mass Index and Mental Health: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: van den Broek Nina , Treur Jorien L. , Larsen Junilla K. , Verhagen Maaike , Verweij Karin J. H. , Vink Jacqueline M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundBody Mass Index (BMI) is negatively correlated with subjective well-being and positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Whether these associations reflect causal effects or confounding is unclear.MethodsWe examined causal effects between BMI and subjective well-being/depressive symptoms with bi-directional, two-sample Mendelian randomization using summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies. Genetic variants robustly related to the exposure variable acted as instrumental variable (two thresholds were used;p<5e-08 andp<1e-05). These ‘instruments’ were then associated with the outcome variable. Pleiotropy was corrected for by two sensitivity analyses.ResultsSubstantial evidence was found for a causal effect of BMI on mental health, such that a higher BMI decreased subjective well-being and increased depressive symptoms. No consistent evidence was found for causality in the other direction.ConclusionsThis study provides support for a higher BMI causing poorer mental health. Further research should corroborate these findings and consider non-linear effects and sex differences.
Communication apprehension and students’ educational choices
Authors: Arquero Jose Luis , Fernández-Polvillo Carmen , Valladares-García Dolores 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe literature evidences the effects of communication apprehension (CA), defined as the level of fear and anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication, on educational efforts and suggests that (via the perceived desirability of certain professions) it could affect vocational choices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between CA and the vocational choice of secondary education students.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from two sources: a self-administered questionnaire to measure the students’ CA levels and their academic preferences, and the vocational counsellors’ advice for these students.FindingsThe results confirm the existence of a link between CA and both students’ vocational choices and counsellors’ advice. In general terms, apprehensive students tend to choose vocational education, whereas students with lower levels prefer university for further education. Focussing on the later, more apprehensive students tend to choose science degrees, which are perceived as requiring lower levels of communication skills.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include the use of a convenience sample in only a country.Practical implicationsApprehensive students could be avoiding a path, with all the implications for their professional future, because it is perceived as frightening due to the apparent communication level required. As the literature note the links between CA and communication self-efficacy allows the development of educational interventions resulting in a reduction of CA.Originality/valueThe scarce early literature has paid attention to occupational and educational choices in higher and further education, but there is no research focussing on the link between CA and pre-university academic decisions.
Rethinking resilience planning: from problems to potential
Authors: Novak Vera M. , Fernandez-Anez Nieves , Shiraishi Koichiro 
Published: July 2017

PurposePlanning for the future can become mired in fixing the problems of the present. To create alternative solutions, planning must break free of the boundaries and assumptions of existing paradigms. The purpose of this paper is to explore an alternative way of thinking that reframes the issues from problems of “what is” to the potential of “what could be” in the context of socio-ecological resilience.Design/methodology/approachA case study reviews the limitations revealed during a traditional problem-solving exercise on the topic of Coastal Eco-Cities, as well as the innovations resulting from the rethinking of the issues through the lens of the alternative paradigm.FindingsA key finding is the significance of linguistic modality, shifting from objective expressions to subjective dialogue.Originality/valueThe originality of this approach is the emphasis on the framing of the problem before the development of the solution and the methodological implications of this early dialogue.
The dominant influence of logistics capabilities on integration
Authors: Mandal Santanu , Bhattacharya Sourabh , Korasiga Venkateswara Rao , Sarathy Rathin 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Using dynamic capabilities theory, this paper aims to posit logistics capabilities (namely information, demand, supply, cooperation and coordination) when integrated at the supply chain level gives rise to supply chain resilience. The current investigation explores further on the inter-relationship among dominant logistics capabilities and integrated logistics capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
To test the proposed hypotheses, data were gathered from 339 supply chain professionals and were evaluated through structural equation modeling. The measures were pretested through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and then measures were deployed for final testing.

Findings
Findings suggest that logistics capabilities do exert a strong influence on supply chain resilience through effective logistics integration. Further, these logistics capabilities do share certain inter-relationships among themselves. Supply chain resilience does have positive performance implications. The authors also tested for moderation of cooperation and coordination and proposed an alternate model which found support in post hoc testing.

Originality/value
The study holds immense value for practitioners and managers, as they undersigned that logistics capabilities need to be integrated at the supply chain level for developing overall supply chain resilience. Further, it underscored how the inter-relationship among the individual logistics capabilities varies in the development of supply chain resilience.
Towards developing robust climate risk management strategies in the estuarine park of the Swan River, Western Australia
Authors: Allender Clare , Sutrisna Monty , Zaman Atiq Uz 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This study aims to support the development risk management strategies towards improving the resilience of assets located in the estuary and lower level of the Swan River, Western Australia. The study evaluated the key role of Federal/State policies in adaptation planning and the communication and interface between various stakeholders, including State/Local governments, construction professionals, property developers and landowners.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applied a mixed research approach through a questionnaire survey followed by an in-depth interview involving local construction experts. Collected data were analysed following the grounded theory methodology style of data analysis.

Findings
The findings revealed a convoluted understanding of communication networks and responsibility for owning the future risks between relevant stakeholders. As a result, a framework illustrating clear process and roles in mitigating risk and implementing adaptive asset management measures has been formulated and presented in this study.

Originality/value
Scientific evidence suggested that sea-level rise and increased frequency of major coastal flooding events are inevitable as early as 2100, and having a comprehensive risk management plan of assets to anticipate climate risks and to improve urban resilience is essential. The proposed framework is aimed at local stakeholders in improving current state of communication and adaptation planning as a pathway to develop a robust risk management strategy.