bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking About One's Feelings
Authors: Rinaldi Romina , Radian Viorica , Rossignol Mandy , Kandana Arachchige Kendra G. , Lefebvre Laurent 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Alexithymia is described as a disturbance in the cognitive and affective processing of emotions. Little is known about the cognitive styles associated with this personality trait. In this article, we examine to what extent alexithymia is linked with poorer rational cognitive style. A total of 685 participants from a nonclinical sample completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 along with self-reported and behavioral measures of cognitive styles. Results suggest that people with a high level of self-reported alexithymia show lower rational abilities. The findings of this study extend previous work on cognitive processes underlying emotional self-regulation impairments in alexithymia, suggesting that these difficulties may be linked to a poorer use of rational process.
Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in an Individual With Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Zhang Dai , Meng Ying , Hai Hong , Yu Xiao Tong , Ma Yue Wen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A patient with primary trigeminal neuralgia exhibited pain relief without medication after radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The 52-yr-old woman had a 3-yr history of primary trigeminal neuralgia, involving the right maxillary division (V2) and the mandibular division (V3). She became refractory to carbamazepine and exhibited hepatic dysfunction. She hence received 3000 to 6000 impulses of craniofacial radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy to the region centered on the surface projection of the trigeminal ganglion and pain areas at 10 Hz; the intensity ranged from 1.4 to 4.5 bars twice per week for 8 wks. At baseline, and 1, 2, and 5 mos after treatment, the Barrow Neurological Institute scores were IV, IIIa, II, and II, and the visual analog scale scores were 8, 3, 1, and 1, respectively. No complications or adverse effects were observed. The hepatic function returned to normal after the discontinuation of carbamazepine. This case report demonstrates the feasibility of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for primary trigeminal neuralgia without complications or adverse effects with careful regulation of the therapy intensity.
Major Depressive Disorder in Patients With Doctoral Degrees: Patient-reported Depressive Symptom Severity, Functioning, and Quality of Life Before and After Initial Treatment in the STAR*D Study
Authors: STEINER ALEXANDER J. , BOULOS NATHALIE , WRIGHT STEPHANIE M. , MIROCHA JAMES , SMITH KIMBERLY , LÓPEZ ENRIQUE , GOHAR SHERIF H. , ISHAK WAGUIH W. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
This study examined patients with medical or doctoral degrees diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) by analyzing patient-reported depressive symptom severity, functioning, and quality of life (QOL) before and after treatment of MDD.

Methods:
Analyses were conducted in a sample of 2280 adult outpatient participants with MDD from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study with complete entry and exit scores for the level 1 (citalopram monotherapy) trial. The sample contained 62 participants who had completed medical or doctoral degrees (DOCS) and 2218 participants without medical or doctoral degrees (non-DOCS). QOL was assessed with the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, functioning was assessed with the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, and depressive symptom severity was assessed with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report.

Results:
Both groups (DOCS and non-DOCS) had significant improvement in depressive symptom severity, functioning, and QOL following treatment (with equivalent improvements in mean change values). However, the DOCS group demonstrated larger effect sizes in symptom reduction for depression, increase in functioning, and improvement in QOL compared with the non-DOCS group. Participants who achieved remission from MDD at exit showed significantly greater improvement than nonremitters on functioning and QOL.

Conclusions:
Findings from this study indicated that, following citalopram monotherapy, the participants in the DOCS group achieved greater reductions in depressive symptom severity (based on effect sizes) than the participants in the non-DOCS group. For both treatment groups, the findings also showed the positive effect that remission status from MDD can have on QOL and functioning.
Blister Packaging Medication Increases Treatment Adherence in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: GUTIERREZ PETER M. , WORTZEL HAL S. , FORSTER JERI E. , LEITNER REBECCA A. , HOSTETTER TRISHA A. , BRENNER LISA A. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To evaluate whether blister packing medications would improve prescription medication adherence in psychiatric patients. It was hypothesized that patients in the blister pack (BP) condition would be more adherent to their daily medications than those in the dispense as usual condition.

Methods:
This was a randomized trial involving up to 1 year of monthly follow-up assessments. Participants were recruited from an urban Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center in the Western United States. Inclusion criteria for participants included being diagnosed with a major affective disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, or a combination of these disorders; being 18 to 89 years of age; receiving prescription medications from the VA pharmacy; and being considered competent to manage their own medications. Of the 303 patients who consented to participate, 277 were randomized to 1 of the 2 study conditions, and 243 were retained in the study. The sample was 87% male, 47% white, with a mean age of 54.4 years. All medications prescribed and dispensed by the VA were either repackaged in monthly BPs or dispensed in standard pill vials.

Results:
The primary hypothesis was supported. Patients in the BPs condition showed evidence of better adherence at 12-month follow-up, as well as larger increases in adherence from 1 month to 12 months.

Conclusions:
Psychiatric patients adhere better to prescription medication regimens when receiving their medications in BP.
High Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed Infants Aged <18 Months: Results From a Nationwide Surveillance in Nigeria
Authors: Inzaule Seth C. , Osi Samuels J. , Akinbiyi Gbenga , Emeka Asadu , Khamofu Hadiza , Mpazanje Rex , Ilesanmi Oluwafunke , Ndembi Nicaise , Odafe Solomon , Sigaloff Kim C. E. , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , Akanmu Sulaimon 
Published: September 2017

Background:
WHO recommends protease-inhibitor-based first-line regimen in infants because of risk of drug resistance from failed prophylaxis used in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). However, cost and logistics impede implementation in sub-Saharan Africa, and >75% of children still receive nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen (NNRTI) used in PMTCT.

Methods:
We assessed the national pretreatment drug resistance prevalence of HIV-infected children aged <18 months in Nigeria, using WHO-recommended HIV drug resistance surveillance protocol. We used remnant dried blood spots collected between June 2014 and July 2015 from 15 early infant diagnosis facilities spread across all the 6 geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Sampling was through a probability proportional-to-size approach. HIV drug resistance was determined by population-based sequencing.

Results:
Overall, in 48% of infants (205 of 430) drug resistance mutations (DRM) were detected, conferring resistance to predominantly NNRTIs (45%). NRTI and multiclass NRTI/NNRTI resistance were present at 22% and 20%, respectively, while resistance to protease inhibitors was at 2%. Among 204 infants with exposure to drugs for PMTCT, 57% had DRMs, conferring NNRTI resistance in 54% and multiclass NRTI/NNRTI resistance in 29%. DRMs were also detected in 34% of 132 PMTCT unexposed infants.

Conclusion:
A high frequency of PDR, mainly NNRTI-associated, was observed in a nationwide surveillance among newly diagnosed HIV-infected children in Nigeria. PDR prevalence was equally high in PMTCT-unexposed infants. Our results support the use of protease inhibitor-based first-line regimens in HIV-infected young children regardless of PMTCT history and underscore the need to accelerate implementation of the newly disseminated guideline in Nigeria.
An Unusual Location of Osteochondroma: Temporal Bone
Authors: Atalay Erdogan Banu , Cakan Dogan , Sanli Arif , Erdogan Ozgur , Safak Ayse Sezim , Elibol Vildan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Osteochondromas are the most common benign tumor of the bones which are cartilage-capped exophytic lesions that arises from the bone cortex. They usually seen in the axial skeleton, especially around the metaphysis of long bone but seldom in the head and neck region. The majority of patients in the head and neck region affect the mandibular area. To our knowledge, this is the first reported patient with an osteochondroma of the temporal bone in the English literature. A patient with temporal bone osteochondroma and its surgical treatment are here described.
Palliative and end-of-life care for adults with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a rapid review focusing on patient and family caregiver perspectives
Authors: Mathews Gillian , Johnston Bridget 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
The aim of the review was to explore patient and family caregiver perspectives on key issues for ensuring quality of end-of-life care for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The growing evidence on the value of specialist palliative care services demonstrates significant improvements in treatments and provisions; however, much of the literature is generic in nature or centred on people with a cancer diagnosis. In this review, we examine the literature to ascertain the views and needs of patients and carers affected by advanced COPD, a highly debilitating condition that can have a profoundly negative impact on the quality of end-of-life experience.

Recent findings
A total of 19 papers were included in the review. The main themes in the literature were Holistic Care, Illness Trajectory and Technology.

Summary
Areas of unmet need emphasized across physical, psychosocial and spiritual domains were identified, particularly in relation to appropriate and timely conversations. Positive developments in the care and treatment of advanced COPD include the use of the STIOLTO Respimat inhaler, a brief educative and psychosocial intervention based on cognitive-behavioural therapy, and high-intensity exercise training. There is some evidence regarding the use of technology in end-stage COPD.
Direct PCR offers a fast and reliable alternative to conventional DNA isolation methods for animal gut microbiomes
Authors: Videvall Elin , Strandh Maria , Engelbrecht Anel , Cloete Schalk , Cornwallis Charlie K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe gut microbiome of animals is emerging as an important factor influencing ecological and evolutionary processes. A major bottleneck in obtaining microbiome data from large numbers of samples is the time-consuming laboratory procedures, specifically the isolation of DNA and generation of amplicon libraries. Recently, direct PCR kits have been developed that circumvent conventional DNA extraction steps, thereby streamlining the laboratory process by reducing preparation time and costs. However, the reliability and efficacy of the direct PCR method for measuring host microbiomes has not yet been investigated other than in humans with 454-sequencing. Here, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the microbial communities obtained with direct PCR and the widely used MoBio PowerSoil DNA extraction kit in five distinct gut sample types (ileum – caecum – colon – faeces – cloaca) from 20 juvenile ostriches, using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We found that direct PCR was highly comparable over a range of measures to the DNA extraction method in caecal, colon, and faecal samples. However, the two methods recovered significantly different microbiomes in cloacal, and especially ileal samples. We also sequenced 100 replicate sample pairs to evaluate repeatability during both extraction and PCR stages, and found that both methods were highly consistent for caecal, colon, and faecal samples (rs> 0.7), but had low repeatability for cloacal (rs= 0.39) and ileal (rs= −0.24) samples. This study indicates that direct PCR provides a fast, cheap, and reliable alternative to conventional DNA extraction methods for retrieving 16S data, which will aid future gut microbiome studies of animals.
Evaluating Internal Model Strength and Performance of Myoelectric Prosthesis Control Strategies
Authors: Shehata Ahmed W. , Scheme Erik J. , Sensinger Jonathon W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOngoing developments in myoelectric prosthesis control have provided prosthesis users with an assortment of control strategies that vary in reliability and performance. Many studies have focused on improving performance by providing feedback to the user, but have overlooked the effect of this feedback on internal model development, which is key to improving long-term performance. In this work, the strength of internal models developed for two commonly used myoelectric control strategies: raw control with raw feedback (using a regression-based approach), and filtered control with filtered feedback (using a classifier-based approach), were evaluated using two psychometric measures: trial-by-trial adaptation and just-noticeable-difference. The performance of both strategies was also evaluated using a Schmidt’s style target acquisition task. Results obtained from 24 able-bodied subjects showed that although filtered control with filtered feedback had better short-term performance in path efficiency (p< 0.05), raw control with raw feedback resulted in stronger internal model development (p< 0.05), which may lead to better long-term performance. Despite inherent noise in the control signals of the regression controller, these findings suggest that rich feedback associated with regression control may be used to improve human understanding of the myoelectric control system.
A synthetic stroma-free germinal center niche using material-surface driven polyvalent signaling efficiently induces antigen-specific humoral immunityex vivo
Authors: Roh Kyung-Ho , Wilson Hannah K. , Pradhan Pallab , Bai Kevin , Bohannon Caitlin D. , Dale Gordon , Leleux Jardin , Jacob Joshy , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractB cells play a major role in the adaptive immune response by producing antigen-specific antibodies against pathogens and imparting immunological memory. Following infection or vaccination, antibody-secreting B cells and memory B cells are generated in specialized regions of lymph nodes and spleens, called germinal centers. Here, we report a fully syntheticex-vivosystem that recapitulates the generation of antigen-specific germinal-center (GC) like B cells using material-surface driven polyvalent signaling. This synthetic germinal center (sGC) reaction was effectively induced using biomaterial-based artificial “follicular T helper cells (TFH)” that provided both natural CD40-CD40L ligation as well as crosslinking of CD40; and by mimicking artificial “follicular dendritic cells (FDC)” to provide efficient, polyvalent antigen presentation. The artificial sGC reaction resulted in efficient B cell expansion, immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching, and expression of germinal center phenotypes. Antigen presentation during sGC reaction selectively enhanced the antigen-specific B cell population and induced somatic hyper-mutations for potential affinity maturation. The resulting B cell population consisted primarily of GC-like B cells (centrocytes) as well as some plasma-like B cells expressing CD138. With concurrent cell sorting, we successfully created highly enriched populations of antigen-specific B cells. Adoptive transfer of these GC-like B cells into non-irradiated isogeneic or non-lethally irradiated congenic recipient mice showed successful engraftment and survival of the donor cells for the 4 week test period. We show that this material-surface driven sGC reaction can be successfully applied to not only splenic B cells but also B cells isolated from more therapeutically relevant sources such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thus making our current work an exciting prospect in the new era of personalized medicine and custom-immunotherapy.
Stress granule-inducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A inhibitors block influenza A virus replication
Authors: Slaine Patrick D. , Kleer Mariel , Smith Nathan , Khaperskyy Denys A. , McCormick Craig 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTEukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is a helicase that facilitates assembly of the translation preinitiation complex by unwinding structured mRNA 5’ untranslated regions. Pateamine A (PatA) and silvestrol are natural products that disrupt eIF4A function and arrest translation, thereby triggering the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates of stalled preinitiation complexes known as stress granules (SGs). Here we examined the effects of eIF4A inhibition by PatA and silvestrol on influenza A virus (IAV) protein synthesis and replication in cell culture. Treatment of infected cells with either PatA or silvestrol at early times post-infection results in SG formation, arrest of viral protein synthesis and failure to replicate the viral genome. PatA, which irreversibly binds to eIF4A, sustained long-term blockade of IAV replication following drug withdrawal, and inhibited IAV replication at concentrations that had minimal cytotoxicity. By contrast, the antiviral effects of silvestrol were fully reversible; drug withdrawal caused rapid SG dissolution and resumption of viral protein synthesis. IAV inhibition by silvestrol was invariably associated with cytotoxicity. PatA blocked replication of genetically divergent IAV strains, suggesting common dependence on host eIF4A activity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting core host protein synthesis machinery to prevent viral replication.IMPORTANCEInfluenza A virus (IAV) relies on cellular protein synthesis to decode viral messenger RNAs. Pateamine A and silvestrol are natural products that inactivate an essential protein synthesis protein known as eIF4A. Here we show that IAV is sensitive to these eIF4A inhibitor drugs. Treatment of infected cells with pateamine A or silvestrol prevented synthesis of viral proteins, viral genome replication and release of infectious virions. The irreversible eIF4A inhibitor pateamine A sustained long-term blockade of viral replication, whereas viral protein synthesis quickly resumed after silvestrol was removed from infected cells. Prolonged incubation of either infected or uninfected cells with these drugs induced the programmed cell death cascade called apoptosis. Our findings suggest that core components of the host protein synthesis machinery are viable targets for antiviral drug discovery. The most promising drug candidates should selectively block protein synthesis in infected cells without perturbing bystander uninfected cells.
A rigorous measure of genome-wide genetic shuffling that takes into account crossover positions and Mendel’s second law
Authors: Veller Carl , Kleckner Nancy , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComparative studies in evolutionary genetics rely critically on evaluation of the total amount of genetic shuffling that occurs during gamete production. However, such studies have been ham-pered by the fact that there has been no direct measure of this quantity. Existing measures consider crossing over by simply counting the average number of crossovers per meiosis. This is qualitatively inadequate because the positions of crossovers along a chromosome are also critical: a crossover towards the middle of a chromosome causes more shuffling than a crossover towards the tip. More-over, traditional measures fail to consider shuffling from independent assortment of homologous chromosomes (Mendel’s second law). Here, we present a rigorous measure of genome-wide shuffling that does not suffer from these limitations. We define the parameterr̅as the probability that the alleles at two randomly chosen loci will be shuffled in the production of a gamete. This measure can be decomposed into separate contributions from crossover number and position and from independent assortment. Intrinsic implications of this metric include the fact thatr̅is larger when crossovers are more evenly spaced, which suggests a novel selective advantage of crossover interference. Utilization ofr̅is enabled by powerful emergent methods for determining crossover positions, either cytologically or by DNA sequencing. Application of our analysis to such data from human male and female reveals that: (i)r̅in humans is close to its maximum possible value of 1/2, (ii) this high level of shuffling is due almost entirely to independent assortment, whose contribution is ~30 times greater than that of crossovers.
The CLAVATA receptor FASCIATED EAR2 responds to different CLE peptides by signaling through different downstream effectors
Authors: Je Byoung Il , Xu Fang , Wu Qingyu , Liu Lei , Meeley Robert , Jackson David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMeristems contain groups of indeterminate stem cells that are critical for organ initiation throughout plant development. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintains itself and initiates all shoot organs, such as leaves, floral organs and axillary branch meristems. Development and balanced proliferation of the SAM is regulated by a feedback loop betweenCLAVATA(CLV) andWUSCHEL(WUS) signaling. CLV signaling is initiated by secretion of the CLV3 peptide ligand, which is perceived directly or indirectly by a number of Leucine-Rich-Repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases, including CLV1 and BARELY ANY MERISTEM (BAM) 1-3, and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 (RPK2), as well as the receptor-like protein CLV2 in a complex with the CORYNE (CRN) pseudokinase. However, CLV2, and its maize ortholog FASCIATED EAR2 (FEA2) appear to function in signaling by several related CLV3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide ligands, including CLV3. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how CLV2 or FEA2 transmit specific signals from distinct CLE peptides. Here we show that FEA2 is involved in signaling from at least 2 distinct CLE peptides, ZmCLE7, a maize CLV3 ortholog, and ZmFON2-LIKE CLE PROTEIN1 (ZmFCP1), a newly identified CLE peptide functioning in SAM regulation. Signaling from these 2 different CLE peptides appears to be transmitted through 2 different candidate downstream effectors, COMPACT PLANT2 (CT2), the alpha subunit of the maize heterotrimeric G protein, and maize CRN. Our data provide a novel framework to understand how diverse signaling peptides can activate different downstream pathways through common receptor proteins.