bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐step method for rapid characterization of electroosmotic flows in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , He Muyi , Yuan Tao , Xu Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe measurement of electroosmotic flow (EOF) is important in a capillary electrophoresis (CE) experiment in terms of performance optimization and stability improvement. Although several methods exist, there are demanding needs to accurately characterize ultra‐low electroosmotic flow rates (EOF rates), such as in coated capillaries used in protein separations. In this work, a new method, called the two‐step method, was developed to accurately and rapidly measure EOF rates in a capillary, especially for measuring the ultra‐low EOF rates in coated capillaries. In this two‐step method, the EOF rates were calculated by measuring the migration time difference of a neutral marker in two consecutive experiments, in which a pressure driven was introduced to accelerate the migration and the DC voltage was reversed to switch the EOF direction. Uncoated capillaries were first characterized by both this two‐step method and a conventional method to confirm the validity of this new method. Then this new method was applied in the study of coated capillaries. Results show that this new method is not only fast in speed, but also better in accuracy.
Recent advances in metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for sample preparation and chromatographic analysis
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ye Nengsheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the field of analytical chemistry, sample preparation and chromatographic separation are two core procedures. The means by which to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and detection limit of a method have become a topic of great interest. Recently, porous organic frameworks, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely used in this research area because of their special features, and different methods have been developed. This review summarizes the applications of MOFs and COFs in sample preparation and chromatographic stationary phases. The MOF‐ or COF‐based solid‐phase extraction (SPE), solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography (GC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) methods are described. The excellent properties of MOFs and COFs have resulted in intense interest in exploring their performance and mechanisms for sample preparation and chromatographic separation.
Advanced immunocapture of milk‐borne Salmonella by microfluidic magnetically stabilized fluidized bed
Authors: Srbova Jana , Krulisova Pavla , Holubova Lucie , Pereiro Iago , Bendali Amel , Hamiot Audrey , Podzemna Veronika , Macak Jan , Dupuy Bruno , Descroix Stephanie , Viovy Jean‐Louis , Bilkova Zuzana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe success of microfluidic immunocapture based on magnetic beads depends primarily on a sophisticated microscale separation system and on the quality of the magnetic immunosorbent. A microfluidic chip containing a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (μMSFB), developed for the capture and on‐chip amplification of bacteria, was recently described by Pereiro et al.. The present work shows the thorough development of anti‐Salmonella magnetic immunosorbents with the optimal capture efficiency and selectivity. Based on the corresponding ISO standards, these parameters have to be high enough to capture even a few cells of bacteria in a proper aliquot of sample, e.g. milk. The selection of specific anti‐Salmonella IgG molecules and the conditions for covalent bonding were the key steps in preparing an immunosorbent of the desired quality. The protocol for immunocapturing was first thoroughly optimized and studied in a batchwise arrangement, and then the carrier was integrated into the μMSFB chip. The combination of the unique design of the chip (guaranteeing the collision of cells with magnetic beads) with the advanced immunosorbent led to a Salmonella cell capture efficiency of up to 99%. These high values were achieved repeatedly even in samples of milk differing in fat content. The rate of nonspecific capture of Escherichia coli (i.e. the negative control) was only 2%.
Polyimide‐Based Self‐Standing Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ailian , Xu Hao , Liu Fulin , Liu Xu , Wang Shi , Zhou Qian , Chen Jie , Yang Shiyong , Zhang Liaoyun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new solid polymer electrolyte composed of a polyimide matrix, an ionic liquid additive (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [Bmim][TFSI]), and a lithium salt (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, LiTFSI) is fabricated by the solution‐casting technique. The obtained self‐standing polyimide (PI)‐based polymer electrolyte (PI‐100 %BmimTFSI‐60 %LiTFSI) membranes show a great flexibility, transparency, and infiltration ability. As a result of the high thermal stability of the polyimide matrix, the thermal decomposition temperature of the electrolyte is high (420 °C). The ionic conductivity can be up to 1.73×10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and reaches 1.26×10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C. In addition, the PI‐100 %BmimTFSI‐60 %LiTFSI electrolytes have a wide electrochemical stability window of 4.8 V, a general lithium ion transference number of 0.12, and good interfacial stability and compatibility. In particular, the assembled LiFePO4/Li half cells made from this polyimide‐based electrolyte can light up a light‐emitting diode lamp at room temperature.
Self‐reported personality traits are prospectively associated with proxy‐reported behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia at the end of life
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are among the most challenging aspects of Alzheimer disease for patients and their families. Previous studies have found associations between informant‐reported retrospective personality and BPSD; we test whether prospective, self‐reported personality predicts who will experience these symptoms.MethodsDeceased participants from the Health and Retirement Study who had evidence of cognitive impairment at the end of life (N = 1988) were selected to examine whether self‐reported five‐factor model personality traits, measured up to 8 years before death, were associated with proxy‐reported BPSD.ResultsNeuroticism was associated with increased risk of the 7 BPSD: got lost in familiar places, wandered off, were not able to be left alone, experienced hallucinations, suffered from depression, had periodic confusion, and an uncontrolled temper. These associations were not moderated by age, gender, race, or education. Conscientiousness was associated with fewer symptoms overall and especially with lower risk of getting lost in familiar places and not being able to be left alone.ConclusionsThe present research indicates that self‐reported personality, particularly Neuroticism, is associated prospectively with risk for a wide range of behavioral symptoms for individuals who had cognitive impairment at the end of life. The use of self‐reported personality traits can help aid in identifying who is most at risk for behavioral symptoms. Such information may be useful for nonpharmacological interventions tailored to the individual's personality to reduce the prevalence and burden of these BPSD.
Predicting hemispheric dominance for language production in healthy individuals using support vector machine
Authors: Zago Laure , Hervé Pierre‐Yves , Genuer Robin , Laurent Alexandre , Mazoyer Bernard , Tzourio‐Mazoyer Nathalie , Joliot Marc 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe used a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to assess hemispheric pattern of language dominance of 47 individuals categorized as non‐typical for language from their hemispheric functional laterality index (HFLI) measured on a sentence minus word‐list production fMRI‐BOLD contrast map. The SVM classifier was trained at discriminating between Dominant and Non‐Dominant hemispheric language production activation pattern on a group of 250 participants previously identified as Typicals (HFLI strongly leftward). Then, SVM was applied to each hemispheric language activation pattern of 47 non‐typical individuals. The results showed that at least one hemisphere (left or right) was found to be Dominant in every, except 3 individuals, indicating that the “dominant” type of functional organization is the most frequent in non‐typicals. Specifically, left hemisphere dominance was predicted in all non‐typical right‐handers (RH) and in 57.4% of non‐typical left‐handers (LH). When both hemisphere classifications were jointly considered, four types of brain patterns were observed. The most often predicted pattern (51%) was left‐dominant (Dominant left‐hemisphere and Non‐Dominant right‐hemisphere), followed by right‐dominant (23%, Dominant right‐hemisphere and Non‐Dominant left‐hemisphere) and co‐dominant (19%, 2 Dominant hemispheres) patterns. Co‐non‐dominant was rare (6%, 2 Non‐Dominant hemispheres), but was normal variants of hemispheric specialization. In RH, only left‐dominant (72%) and co‐dominant patterns were detected, while for LH, all types were found, although with different occurrences. Among the 10 LH with a strong rightward HFLI, 8 had a right‐dominant brain pattern. Whole‐brain analysis of the right‐dominant pattern group confirmed that it exhibited a functional organization strictly mirroring that of left‐dominant pattern group. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5871–5889, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel trade of pharmaceuticals: The Danish market for statins
Authors: Méndez Susan J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates and quantifies the impact of parallel trade in markets for pharmaceuticals. The paper develops a structural model of demand and supply using data on price, sales, and the characteristics of statins in Denmark and simulates outcomes under a complete ban of parallel imports, keeping other regulatory schemes unchanged. There are two sets of key results. The first set focuses on price effects. On average, prices increase more in markets where the molecule has lost patent protection; wholesale prices for both generic and original products increase after competition from parallel importers is removed, but the final price paid by consumers (after deducting reimbursement) increases more for original products than for generics because most changes in wholesale prices are absorbed by the prevailing reimbursement rules. The second set of results reports the effects on market participants. My model takes into consideration consumers' preferences, allowing them to substitute between products. Prohibiting parallel imports induces consumers to substitute towards original products for which they have stronger preferences. In sum, banning parallel imports leads to (a) an increase in variable profits for original producers and a decrease for generic firms, (b) an increase in governmental health‐care expenditures, and (c) a decrease in the welfare of Danish patients and firms.
Employment insecurity and employees' health in Denmark
Authors: Cottini Elena , Ghinetti Paolo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe use register data for Denmark (IDA) merged with the Danish Work Environment Cohort Survey (1995, 2000, and 2005) to estimate the effect of perceived employment insecurity on perceived health for a sample of Danish employees. We consider two health measures from the SF‐36 Health Survey Instrument: a vitality scale for general well‐being and a mental health scale. We first analyse a summary measure of employment insecurity. Instrumental variables‐fixed effects estimates that use firm workforce changes as a source of exogenous variation show that 1 additional dimension of insecurity causes a shift from the median to the 25th percentile in the mental health scale and to the 30th in that of energy/vitality. It also increases by about 6 percentage points the probability to develop severe mental health problems. Looking at single insecurity dimensions by naïve fixed effects, uncertainty associated with the current job is important for mental health. Employability has a sizeable relationship with health and is the only insecurity dimension that matters for the energy and vitality scale. Danish employees who fear involuntary firm internal mobility experience worse mental health.
Numerical analysis of peridynamic and classical models in transient heat transfer, employing Galerkin approach
Authors: Jafari Akbar , Bahaaddini Reza , Jahanbakhsh Hasan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe main scope of this research is to study transient heat transfer based on combined peridynamic theory and classical model. The principle of the energy conservation is used to develop the governing equation in case of existing both classical and peridynamic heat transfer mechanisms. The integro‐differential equation is developed containing the classical coefficient of heat conduction and peridynamic kernel function. To solve the equation, a spectral method based on a series solution in accordance with Gelerkin approach is implemented. Trapezoidal method is employed to compute the integral terms. Implicit Euler method is used to numerically solve the problem in time domain. In part of numerical studies, different kernel functions are attributed to the peridynamic coefficient of heat transfer. Relevant constraints are applied for making equivalency between classical and each of the peridynamic kernel functions. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical results, adequate convergence analyses are conducted. The results related to a few cases are compared to relevant data reported in the open literature showing good agreements. Moreover, comparisons are made to observe probable variations versus time. In case studies, effects of the nonlocal range on the heat transfer were studied.
A hydraulic invariance‐based methodology for the implementation of storm‐water release restrictions in urban land use master plans
Authors: Pappalardo Viviana , Campisano Alberto , Martinico Francesco , Modica Carlo , Barbarossa Luca 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA hydraulic invariance (HI)‐based methodology was developed as a tool to support implementation of storm flow control measures into land use master plans (LUMPs) for urban catchments. The methodology is based on the use of simple hydrologic analysis to compare predevelopment and postdevelopment catchment flow release scenarios. Differently from previous literature examples, for which the parcel scale is usually considered for the analysis, HI was pursued assuming the LUMP areas of transformation as the basic units for assigning storm water control measures in the form of flow release restrictions. The methodology was applied to a case study catchment in the southern part of the City of Catania (Italy), for which the LUMP re‐design has been recently proposed. Simulations were run based on the use of the EPA‐Storm Water Management Model and allowed deriving flow release restrictions in order to achieve HI at the subcatchment level for design events of different return period.
Embracing the Other in Gothic Texts: Cultivating Understanding in the Reading Classroom
Authors: Del Nero Jennifer Renner 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis case study explores the understandings that seventh graders constructed with Gothic texts in a reading unit designed by the researcher. Gothic is a fictional genre defined by horror and mystery. The stories’ protagonists are often marginalized individuals. The genre was selected due to its popularity with adolescents. Qualitative data were collected and reviewed using thematic analysis. The results of the study reveal that as a result of grappling with the societal other, participants gleaned meaningful knowledge that enriched them personally and socially.
Self‐employment among women: Do children matter more than we previously thought?
Authors: Semykina Anastasia 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper presents an estimation approach that addresses the problems of sample selection and endogeneity of fertility decisions when estimating the effect of young children on women's self‐employment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, 1982–2006, we find that ignoring self‐selection and endogeneity leads to underestimating the effect of young children. Once both sources of biases are accounted for, the estimated effect of young children roughly triples when compared to uncorrected results. This finding is robust to several changes in the specification and to the use of a different dataset.
Eliminating glutaraldehyde from crosslinked collagen films using supercritical CO2
Authors: Casali Dominic M. , Yost Michael J. , Matthews Michael A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCollagen has received considerable attention as a biomaterial for tissue engineering because of its low immunogenicity, controllable biodegradation, and ability to influence cell growth and proliferation. Frequently, collagen scaffolds require crosslinking to improve mechanical strength, requiring agents like glutaraldehyde that have high residual cytotoxicity. A novel method for extracting residual glutaraldehyde from crosslinked collagen films with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) is presented. CO2 is a nontoxic, nonflammable substance that is relatively inert and can be used to process biomaterials at mild pressures and physiologic temperatures. In this work, it was first determined that type I collagen is chemically compatible with both liquid and supercritical CO2. Treated collagen showed minimal changes in physicochemical properties as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroism. CO2 was subsequently used to extract residual glutaraldehyde from crosslinked collagen films. Glutaraldehyde concentration was reduced by over 95%, from over 20 ppm before treatment to about 1 ppm, in only 1 h. CO2 treatment caused negligible alteration of thermal stability but did significantly increase film stiffness and tensile strength. However, these changes were minor compared to heat‐based removal of glutaraldehyde. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 86–94, 2018.
Psychotherapy clients’ recalled treatment experiences: A survey of perceived evidence‐based practice elements
Authors: Chen Yadi , Boswell James F. , Schwartzman Carly M. , Iles Brittany R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEvidence‐based practice (EBPs) elements can be observed across treatment approaches for commonly occurring problems. Little is known about the prevalence or pervasiveness of EBP elements from the routine client's perspective. We assessed psychotherapy clients’ self‐reported retrospective treatment experiences with regard to common EBP elements. Participants (N = 592) were consenting university undergraduate students who accessed a web survey that included (a) demographic items; (b) an item assessing the problem domain(s) of focus during their therapy; and (c) the presence/absence of 8 EBP elements and the extent to which they were a focus of their psychotherapy. Overall, routine psychotherapy clients recalled receiving a variety of EBP elements, the most common being a focus on positive emotions. Future work should continue to focus on clients’ experience of psychotherapy elements, including what was/is most and least helpful to assist in the refinement and implementation of EBPs.
An efficient new method for the synthesis of 3‐[18F]fluoro‐4‐aminopyridine via Yamada‐Curtius rearrangement
Authors: Basuli Falguni , Zhang Xiang , Brugarolas Pedro , Reich Daniel S. , Swenson Rolf E. 
Published: September 2017

4‐Aminopyridine is a clinically approved drug to improve motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis. A fluorine‐18‐labeled derivative of this drug, 3‐[18F]fluoro‐4‐aminopyridine, is currently under investigation for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of demyelination. Herein, the Yamada‐Curtius reaction has been successfully applied for the preparation of this PET radioligand with a better radiochemical yield and improved specific activity. The overall radiochemical yield was 5 to 15% (n = 12, uncorrected) with a specific activity of 37 to 148 GBq/μmol (end of synthesis) in a 90 minute synthesis time. It is expected that this 1 pot Yamada‐Curtius reaction can be used to prepare similar fluorine‐18‐labeled amino substituted heterocycles.
Reduction of [11C]CO2 to [11C]CO using solid supported zinc
Authors: Dahl Kenneth , Ulin Johan , Schou Magnus , Halldin Christer 
Published: September 2017

A new method for the reduction of no‐carrier‐added [11C]carbon dioxide into [11C]carbon monoxide ([11C]CO) is described, in which the reductant (zinc) is supported on fused silica particles. Using this setup, which allows for a reduction temperature (485°C) well above the melting point for zinc (420°C), radiochemical yields of up to 96% (decay‐corrected) were obtained. A slight decrease in radiochemical yield was observed upon repeated [11C]CO productions (93 ± 3%, n = 20). The methodology is convenient and efficient and provides a straightforward path to no‐carrier‐added production of [11C]CO.
Trends of intraseasonal descriptors of wet and dry spells over equatorial eastern Africa
Authors: Gitau Wilson , Camberlin Pierre , Ogallo Laban , Bosire Emily 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMany African countries whose economies are largely based on weather/climate sensitive sectors are vulnerable to long‐term changes in weather and climate. This study is aimed at assessing whether the recent decades have observed any significant trend in the intraseasonal descriptors (ISDs) of wet and dry spells at local and sub‐regional levels at seasonal and monthly timescales over equatorial eastern Africa (EEA). Daily rainfall observations over 36 stations and spanning a period of 51 years (1962–2012) were used.The study has expanded on previous results that showed contrasting trends on seasonal totals between the two rainfall seasons by demonstrating that this also affects the ISDs. At the local level, it was observed that during the long rainfall season, a given ISD would have a significant trend over several neighbouring locations, which was not the case during the short rainfall season. Secondly, for the short rainfall season, a given location would have significant trend in several ISDs. Finally, when a given ISD had a significant trend at seasonal timescale during the long rainfall season, the same ISD would have significant trends in the second and third months of the season and rarely in the first month. Such a feature was not observed for the short rainfall season. Binomial probability distribution assessment confirmed that the significant trends in the various ISDs during the long rainfall season did not occur by mere chance.