bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of evaporation rate on open water bodies: energy balance estimate versus measured pan
Authors: Yihdego Yohannes , Webb John A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Much attention has been paid to establish accurately open water evaporation since the lake itself is the largest consumer of water. The aim of this study is to assess the discrepancy in the measured (pan evaporation) and estimated (Penman) evaporation rate, seasonally, based on the results from a 37-year energy budget analysis of Lake Burrumbeet, Australia. The detailed analysis of meteorological data showed that evaporation is fully radiation driven and that the effect of wind is minimal. Sensitivity analysis shows that evaporation estimation is more sensitive to shortwave radiation followed by relative humidity. An increase or decrease of estimated shortwave radiation by 10% could result in an increase or decrease of estimated evaporation up to 18%. The Penman combination method is relatively the least sensitive to wind speed but could bring a significant effect on the lake level fluctuation since a 10% increase of wind speed increases the estimated evaporation by 2.3%. The current analysis highlights the relative roles of radiation, temperature, humidity, and wind speed in modulating the rate of evaporation from the lake surface, by employing an inter-monthly seasonal adjustment factor to the estimated evaporation in the lake water budget analysis, with implications for the inter-monthly variability and short-term trends assessment of water resource through various meteorological parameters.
Recent Advances in New Discovered Molecular Targets in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Chieffi Paolo 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common solid malignancy
occurring in young men between 20 and 34 years of age, and its incidence has increased
significantly over the last decades. TGCTs can be subdivided into seminoma and nonseminoma
germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), which includes yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, embryonal
cell carcinoma, and teratoma. Seminomas and NSGCTs present significant differences
in therapy, prognosis, and both show characteristics of the Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs).

Methods:
I undertook a search of bibliographic data from peer-reviewed research literature.

Results:
Seventy papers were included in the mini-review showing that a large number of new
biomarkers have given further advantages to discriminate the different histotypes and could
represent useful novel molecular targets for anticancer strategies.

Conclusion:
A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of TGCTs is likely to significantly
improve not only our knowledge on stem cells and oncogenesis but also the disease management
with more selective tumor treatment.
MicroRNAs in Neuroblastoma: Biomarkers with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Galardi Angela , Colletti Marta , Businaro Pietro , Quintarelli Concetta , Locatelli Franco , Di Giannatale Angela 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in infancy.
The majority of children have a disseminated disease at diagnosis with bone marrow as
the most common site of metastasis. Although several prognostic factors have been defined
(i.e. age, stage, histology, recurrent genetic anomalies), the identification of non-invasive
biomarkers for disease follow-up and therapy monitoring is indeed still a clinical need. Aberrant
regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been implicated in several malignancies.

Objectives:
In this mini-review, we describe the recent findings about miRNAs in neuroblastoma,
both in the tumor and circulation, with particular focus on those involved in tumor progression
and drug resistance. Furthermore, we will discuss the use of specific miRNAs as potential
therapeutic tools in this tumor.

Results:
Several miRNAs have been identified to be down- or up-regulated in primary tumors
and have been associated with MYCN amplification, differentiation, dissemination and
chemoresistance. Little evidence is available in the literature about circulating miRNAs which
are of particular interest as potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy.

Conclusion:
Identification of body-fluid markers for non-invasive diagnosis, risk stratification,
treatment monitoring and tumor follow-up, is gaining growing interest, especially in the
pediatric field. miRNAs are suitable candidates as biomarkers in neuroblastoma but further
investigations are needed to expand knowledge regarding their role in this malignancy to design
specific approaches of miRNAs-mediated therapies.
Muscle Weakness in the Empty and Full Can Tests Cannot Differentiate Rotator Cuff Tear from Cervical Spondylotic Amyotrophy: Pain Provocation is a Useful Finding
Authors: Iwata Eiichiro , Shigematsu Hideki , Inoue Kazuya , Egawa Takuya , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
Rotator cuff tears and cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) are often confused as the main symptom in those with difficulty in shoulder elevation. Empty and full can tests are frequently used for the clinical diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the empty and full can test results can help differentiate rotator cuff tears from CSA.

Methods:
Twenty-seven consecutive patients with rotator cuff tears and 25 with CSA were enrolled. We prospectively performed empty and full can tests in patients with rotator cuff tears and CSA. The following signs were considered positive: (a) muscle weakness during the empty can test, (b) muscle weakness during the full can test, (c) pain provocation during the empty can test, and (d) pain provocation during the full can test. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of rotator cuff tears for each positive finding.

Results:
The sensitivity and specificity of each index were as follows (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV): (a) 77.8%, 0%, 45.7%, 0%; (b) 66.7%, 4.0%, 42.9%, 10.0%; (c) 88.9%, 96.0%, 96.0%, 88.9%; and (d) 74.1%, 96.0%, 95.2%, 77.4%. There were significant differences for each index.

Conclusion:
Muscle weakness during the empty and full can tests was not useful in differentiating rotator cuff tears from CSA because of low specificity and PPV. However, pain provocation was useful in differentiating these two conditions because of high specificity and PPV.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROVAL OF COMBINED FIXATION FOR FEMUR LENGTHENING
Authors: Stepanov M. A. , Antonov N. I. , Borzunov D. Yu. 
Published: October 2017

Elimination of congenital shortening of lower limb still remains a complex and unsolved orthopaedic task which requires an improved fixation technique as well as adjusted tactics of treatment and rehabilitation procedures.Purpose of the study — experimental approval of femur lengthening technique by external fixation with Ilizarov apparatus and internal fixation by plate.Materials and methods. Femur lengthening was performed in 6 mongrel dogs. Average animal age was 1,5±0,3 years, average weight — 20±5 kg, femur length — 22±2 sm. External apparatus with two supports and a titanium plate of an original design were applied under general anesthesia on the right femur of animals. Lengthening was performed manually at a rate of1 mm per day in 4 stages at a distance of 10% from initial segment length. External apparatus was removed on the last day of distraction after locking the plate. X-ray examination was done on the day of surgery, in 7, 14 and 25 days from the onset of distraction as well as in 14, 30, 60 and 90 days after completion of distraction and removal of external apparatus. Three animals were taken out of experiment in 30 days of fixation, remaining three animals — in 90 days. After euthanasia the authors performed autopsy of the organic femur complex and tissues contacting the plate.Results. The use of operated limb was not restricted during the whole distraction period. The authors observed first roentgenological signs of distraction osteogenesis on 7th day of lengthening. By the end of distraction period, at 25th day, shadows of regenerates demonstrated longitudinal striated structures in all cases. Median lucency area of 1–5 mm was located diagonally and across the regenerate or was intermittent. In 60 days of fixation X-rays demonstrated homogeneous regenerate. External fixation index was 13,9±1,5 days/sm (p≤0,05). The authors observed no cases of implants fracture or deformity during the experiment. Conclusion. Application of the developed plate in combination with external apparatus demonstrated high efficiency for femur lengthening in experiment study.
The identity of Senegalia saltilloensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Villarreal Quintanilla José Ángel , Encina-Domínguez Juan A. , Estrada-Castillón A. Eduardo 
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: The mimosoid genera Senegalia and Acacia are closely related. Acacia sensu lato is a polyphyletic group that can be split in the following genera: Vachellia, Senegalia, Acaciella and Mariosousa, remaining as Acacia (sensu stricto) only the “Australian species” and some others from the Pacific Islands. The American species of Senegalia and the new genus Mariosousa include the elements of Acacia subgenus Aculeiferum. We agree with this criterion. Senegalia saltilloensis was described by Britton & Rose in 1928, followed by synonymization with S. roemeriana, and was later re-evaluated as a valid species, creating a new nomenclatural combination in the genus Acacia. The aim of this study was to know the identity of the poorly known plants named as Senegalia saltilloensis.Methods: A morphometric analysis was carried out. A total of 70 specimens were examined and 21 characters were evaluated to find the similarity between Senegalia saltilloensis and Senegalia roemeriana.Key results: The results show no significant morphological difference between the two entities.Conclusions: The name Senegalia saltilloensis should be maintained as synonym of the well- known name of Senegalia roemeriana.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN SERTA KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT PADA KEPOLISIAN SEKTOR (POLSEK) BENGALON
Authors: Hidayati Tetra 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the study is to determine the direct and indirect impact of real evidence, test power, responsiveness, competence, courtesy, credibility and easiness of accessing toward the satisfaction and trust of Police Sector (Polsek) Bengalon. To answer the problem, the study uses path analysis. The results of this study found that responsiveness, competency, courtesy and credibility were directly giving a significant impact to public satisfaction; whereas real evidence, test power and easiness of accessing were directly not giving significant impact to public trust. The variable of responsiveness and credibility were directly giving significant effect toward public trust; meanwhile, the real evidence, test power, competence, courtesy, and easiness of accessing were directly giving significant impact toward public trust. The public was directly giving no significant impact on trust of satisfaction. The real evidence was indirectly giving negative impact on the trust through satisfaction; meanwhile, test power, responsiveness, competence, courtesy, credibility and easiness of accessing were indirectly giving positive impact on public trust through satisfaction
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI (STUDI PADA PEGAWAI DIVISI SARANA PT. KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO) DAOP 8 SURABAYA
Authors: Affandy Rizal Eka 
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to examine the effect of job characteristics on the performance, test the effect of motivation as a moderating variable job characteristics on the performance and test the effect of the work environment as moderating variable job characteristics on employee performance of PT Sarana Division. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daop 8 Surabaya. The sample used in this study is a random sample of 207 people. The results of the analysis Partial Least Square (PLS) this study shows that the job characteristics significant positive effect on employee performance, motivation positive effect was not significant to moderate the influence of job characteristics on the performance of employees, work environment positive effect was not significant to moderate the influence of job characteristics on the performance employee Divisi Sarana PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daop 8 Surabaya. Keywords: job characteristics, motivation, work environment, employee performance.
The Business of Anthropology: Communication, Culture and Japan
Authors: Moeran Brian 
Published: October 2017

This article examines the potential use of anthropology as an effective means of
studying business organizations. Taking, as a case study, preparations by an
advertising agency for a competitive presentation to a potential client in Japan,
the author shows how anthropological fieldwork––in particular, the method of
participant observation—enabled him to understand and then analyse the social
processes underpinning contemporary advertising. In addition, he addresses other
issues relevant to success in research: for example, access to an organization, the
strategic use of social connections, and the ability to take advantage of unexpected
opportunity. Written in the style of a 'confessional' narrative, in which the author's
presence and contributions to his informants' work are made obvious, the article
shows the clear advantages of the methods of anthropology over those of other
disciplines, like management studies, that are engaged in the study of
contemporary business organizations.
Securing Singapore/Managing Perceptions: From Shooting the Messenger to Dodging the Question
Authors: Woodier Jonathan 
Published: October 2017

The citizens of Singapore have been in thrall to the governing People's Action Party (PAP) and its senior figure Lee Kuan Yew for almost 45 years. Served by a pliant media brought to heel by a combination of legislative and ownership controls, the PAP has been effective in limiting the space for debate while successfully conveying its own internal messaging aimed at securing the state and its own political longevity. It has done this by creating the image of a Singapore as a fortress Chinese-led stability and prosperity, ever under threat from more restive neighbours. But, in the face of the emerging threats to this control posed by new information technology and the exigencies of the global economy, the
government has been forced to become increasingly ophisticated at managing perceptions and minimizing controversy. This paper will examine how the government has successfully met these challenges in a public relations triumph, effectively winning the battle for the hearts and minds of its internal audience, as well as shoring up the image of 'Fortress Singapore' and appeasing external
allies in the 'war against terror', thus keeping Singapore critics in check and neutralizing any external political support for domestic political movements.
Thirty years of Chinese reform:a historical perspective
Authors: Godement Francois 
Published: October 2017

China's reform agenda is understood in the light of a thirty-year process. Interpretations of reforms differ according to the meaning of the word. Should Mao's heirs be seen as Leninist reformists, or as reformers in the historical Chinese sense, aiming at transformation in response to the West? The implications are contradictory. The reforms have been successful, yet their term has never been clearly defined. Reforms have been described alternatively as another phase in China's cyclical history, or as a transitional phase, or even as a change towards a hybrid regime with cultural Chinese features.
China has had 'true reformers', aiming at fundamental change. Their legacy is still present and Chinese society is eager for economic and social debate. However, actual reform has reached a plateau. The Party's undiminished monopoly on political ideas, its legitimization through nationalist pride, its hold over the media and communications, as well as global vindication of its cautiousness, all hint of a neo-classical restoration era. However, a new wave of reforms may question again the nature of China's political system.
The Chinese Economy after Thirty Years of Reform: Perspectives from the Agricultural Sector
Authors: Ash Robert 
Published: October 2017

The contours of China's rural economy and society have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. Urbanization and migration have made China less of a rural society than it was in 1978, while agriculture is no longer the principal driver of rural, let alone national, economic growth. Nevertheless, the registered rural population still numbers well over 700 million, and the dominant role of agriculture as a source of employment persists to this day. In its efforts to promote sustainable economic and social development, the Chinese government faces some of its most pressing challenges in the countryside. Its ability to fulfil major goals – those relating to employment, food security, poverty reduction, welfare enhancement and environmental sustainability – therefore depends critically on the effectiveness of its rural policies.
Rapid growth and marked changes in the structure of farm production since 1978 have been underpinned by major improvements in both land and labour productivity. In particular, the response of farmers to changes in levels and patterns of food consumption associated with growing affluence has been quite impressive. Despite short-term fluctuations, trend growth of domestic grain above all, cereal output has been positive, as a result of which China has succeeded in fulfilling its target of maintaining 'basic' food self-sufficiency. The government's adherence to a strategy of food self-sufficiency that runs counter to the principle of comparative advantage has also minimized China's involvement in international cereal markets.
Meanwhile, property rights remain a core issue in the farm sector. From this perspective, a recent initiative, designed to facilitate the emergence of new kinds of land transfers that would pave the way for a process of land consolidation, appears to represent a significant new development – albeit one that carries dangers as well as opportunities.
Development of Biofuels in China: Progress, Government Policies and Future Prospects
Authors: Hongzhou Zhang 
Published: October 2017

China is the largest energy consumer in the world, but has limited energy resources. Energy security is thus a primary concern for China. Over reliance on the consumption of fossil energy has resulted in severe environmental pollution, which puts pressure on the government to adjust its energy mix. To strengthen its energy supply and prevent further environmental degradation, China has been committed to developing renewable energies, such as biofuels.
This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of biofuels, rural household biogas, and bioethanol, in particular. It also examines related government policies and the future prospects of the biofuel sector. The analysis shows that remarkable achievements have been made in the development of biogas in rural areas and in bioethanol at the industrial level. This progress is largely credited to government's strong support for the biofuel sectors. Nonetheless, although ongoing energy insecurity and environmental pollution continues to motivate the central government to support the development of biofuels, widening domestic food supply and demand gap, changes in rural life and agricultural industrialization constrain the further expansion of rural household biogas and cereal-based bioethanol. This article suggests that while China urgently needs to find alternative feedstock for the existing rural household biogas digesters and bioethanol plants, centralized biogas and non-cereal-based bioethanol projects should be prioritized for future development.
The Ethnography <i>of</i> versus <i>for</i> Question in an Anthropology of/for Business
Authors: Peluso Daniela M. 
Published: October 2017

This special-themed edition of the Journal of Business Anthropology critically examines the borders and crossovers between an anthropology of business (which I term 'non-consultant anthropology') and anthropologies for business ('consultant anthropology'). In the pages that follow authors consider the unique and valuable contributions of these varied approaches and their impacts on our understanding of business organizations and industries. In this introduction, I seek to focus on some of the issues faced by anthropologists ‘of’ and ‘for’ business who ‘study up’ when they prepare for, write about and conduct research in relation to businesses. I position and discuss the contribution of the authors in this volume amidst a broader discussion about how anthropologists approach or address organisations as field sites. As such, this introduction also provides a guide for anthropologists who study or are considering to study or work for businesses. My hope is that this volume will address and expose some of the assumptions and misunderstandings that tend to arise among anthropologists and laypeople in regards to business-related anthropology.
Polymerization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Viscosity Bulk Fill and Low Shrinkage Resin Composites
Authors: Shibasaki S , Takamizawa T , Nojiri K , Imai A , Tsujimoto A , Endo H , Suzuki S , Suda S , Barkmeier WW , Latta MA , Miyazaki M 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY
The present study determined the mechanical properties and volumetric polymerization shrinkage of different categories of resin composite. Three high viscosity bulk fill resin composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB, Ivoclar Vivadent), Filtek Bulk Fill posterior restorative (FB, 3M ESPE), and Sonic Fill (SF, Kerr Corp). Two low-shrinkage resin composites, Kalore (KL, GC Corp) and Filtek LS Posterior (LS, 3M ESPE), were used. Three conventional resin composites, Herculite Ultra (HU, Kerr Corp), Estelite ∑ Quick (EQ, Tokuyama Dental), and Filtek Supreme Ultra (SU, 3M ESPE), were used as comparison materials. Following ISO Specification 4049, six specimens for each resin composite were used to determine flexural strength, elastic modulus, and resilience. Volumetric polymerization shrinkage was determined using a water-filled dilatometer. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α=0.05). The flexural strength of the resin composites ranged from 115.4 to 148.1 MPa, the elastic modulus ranged from 5.6 to 13.4 GPa, and the resilience ranged from 0.70 to 1.0 MJ/m3. There were significant differences in flexural properties between the materials but no clear outliers. Volumetric changes as a function of time over a duration of 180 seconds depended on the type of resin composite. However, for all the resin composites, apart from LS, volumetric shrinkage began soon after the start of light irradiation, and a rapid decrease in volume during light irradiation followed by a slower decrease was observed. The low shrinkage resin composites KL and LS showed significantly lower volumetric shrinkage than the other tested materials at the measuring point of 180 seconds. In contrast, the three bulk fill resin composites showed higher volumetric change than the other resin composites. The findings from this study provide clinicians with valuable information regarding the mechanical properties and polymerization kinetics of these categories of current resin composite.