bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Modal Perception for Selective Rendering
Authors: Harvey Carlo , Debattista Kurt , Bashford‐Rogers Thomas , Chalmers Alan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA major challenge in generating high‐fidelity virtual environments (VEs) is to be able to provide realism at interactive rates. The high‐fidelity simulation of light and sound is still unachievable in real time as such physical accuracy is very computationally demanding. Only recently has visual perception been used in high‐fidelity rendering to improve performance by a series of novel exploitations; to render parts of the scene that are not currently being attended to by the viewer at a much lower quality without the difference being perceived. This paper investigates the effect spatialized directional sound has on the visual attention of a user towards rendered images. These perceptual artefacts are utilized in selective rendering pipelines via the use of multi‐modal maps. The multi‐modal maps are tested through psychophysical experiments to examine their applicability to selective rendering algorithms, with a series of fixed cost rendering functions, and are found to perform significantly better than only using image saliency maps that are naively applied to multi‐modal VEs.
Contact allergy to essential oils cannot always be predicted from allergy to fragrance markers in the baseline series
Authors: Sabroe Ruth A. , Holden Catherine R. , Gawkrodger David J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundEssential oils are fragrance substances that are labelled on cosmetic products by their INCI names, potentially confusing consumers.ObjectivesTo establish whether contact allergy to essential oils might be missed if not specifically tested for.MethodsWe tested 471 patients with 14 essential oils and 2104 patients with Melaleuca alternifolia oil between January 2008 and June 2014. All patients were tested with fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II, hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, and Myroxylon pereirae. Three hundred and twenty‐six patients were tested with hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool.ResultsThirty‐four patients had a +/++/+++ reaction to at least one essential oil. Eleven had no reaction to any of the six marker fragrance substances. Thus, 4 of 11 positive reactions to M. alternifolia oil, 2 of 7 reactions to Cymbopogon flexuosus oil, 1 of 5 reactions to Cananga odorata oil, 3 of 4 reactions to Santalum album oil and 2 of 3 reactions to Mentha piperita oil would have been missed without individual testing.ConclusionA small number of patients who are allergic to essential oils could be missed if these are not specifically tested. Labelling by INCI names means that exposure may not be obvious. Careful inspection of so‐called ‘natural’ products and targeted testing is recommended.
Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Heart Transplant Patients: Two‐Year Follow‐Up of Right and Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Moñivas Palomero Vanessa , Mingo Santos Susana , Goirigolzarri Artaza Josebe , Rodriguez Gonzalez Elena , Restrepo Córdoba María Alejandra , Jiménez Sanchez Diego , Rivero Arribas Betsaida , Garcia Lunar Inés , Mitroi Cristina D. , Sayago Silva Ines , Cavero Gibanel Miguel A. , Gómez Bueno Manuel , Alonso Pulpón Luis A. , Segovia Cubero Javier 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundEvolution of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) function after heart transplantation (HT) has not been well described. Our objective was to evaluate the evolution of echocardiographic parameters of both ventricles along the first 2 years after HT.MethodsWe followed 31 HT recipients with serial echocardiograms for up to 2 years. Echocardiograms with AR ≥2R were excluded. We analyzed LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) by speckle tracking in 12 segments in four‐ and two‐chamber views and RV global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) in four‐chamber view. Control group included 25 healthy volunteers.ResultsEven though LVEF was preserved, LV GLS was reduced early post‐HT (−17.7 ± 3.0 in HT vs. −20.7 ± 2.8 in controls, P = 0.02), improving progressively until its complete normalization 2 years after HT (−20.0 ± 3.7 vs. −20.7 ± 2.8, P = 0.60). TAPSE was impaired in the early post‐HT period and increased progressively (11.9 ± 2.9 mm at baseline vs. 19.0 ± 3.6 mm at 2 years, P < 0.001). RV GLS rose during follow‐up as well (−17.4 ± 3.5 at baseline vs. −22.6 ± 3.3 at 2 years, P = 0.001), reaching normal values 1 year after HT.ConclusionIn this series of HT recipients with uneventful postoperative course, LV and RV GLS values were significantly reduced early after HT and improved progressively until their complete normalization two and 1 year after HT, respectively. This is the first study to show a full recovery of LV and RV deformation parameters and offers “normal” strain values that, if confirmed in larger studies, could be useful for monitoring the evolution of HT recipients.
Mechanisms of carbohydrate‐fuelled ecological dominance in a tropical rainforest canopy‐foraging ant
Authors: MCGLYNN TERRENCE P. , PARRA ERICA L. 
Published: January 2016

1. Canopy‐foraging ants have carbohydrate‐rich diets and the stoichiometric excess of carbon may result in energetic allocation decisions that facilitate ecological dominance.2. If dietary carbohydrates facilitate ecological dominance in canopy ants, then the mechanism for this relationship is unknown.3. Four hypotheses were posit that may explain how a carbohydrate‐rich diet might facilitate ecological dominance in canopy ants: Aggressive Defense, Metabolic Fuel, Foraging Success, and Prey Acquisition.4. To assess these hypotheses, experiments were conducted on the canopy‐foraging bullet ant, Paraponera clavata (Fabricius), an omnivorous species that demonstrates high variability in the relative contribution of carbohydrates to the diets of colonies.5. No support was found for the Aggressive Defense, Metabolic Fuel and Prey Acquisition hypotheses.6. The Foraging Success hypothesis was supported, as the proportion of nectar in the diet predicted the overall foraging success.7. It was argued that there is no explicit advantage in the exploitation of nectar over other food resources, other than the fact that it is the most accessible food resource in the rainforest canopy.
Unusual presentations in patients with E200K familial Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease
Authors: Cohen O. S. , Kimiagar I. , Korczyn A. D. , Nitsan Z. , Appel S. , Hoffmann C. , Rosenmann H. , Kahana E. , Chapman J. 
Published: January 2016

Background and proposeFamilial Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease (fCJD) in Jews of Libyan ancestry is caused by an E200K mutation in the PRNP gene. The typical presenting symptoms include cognitive decline, behavioral changes and gait disturbances; however, some patients may have an unusual presentation such as a stroke‐like presentation, alien hand syndrome or visual disturbances. The aim of this paper is to describe uncommon presentations in our series of consecutive patients with E200K fCJD.MethodsThe study group included consecutive fCJD patients followed up as part of a longitudinal prospective study ongoing since 2003 or hospitalized since 2005. The clinical diagnosis of probable CJD was based on accepted diagnostic criteria and supported by typical magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalographic findings, elevated cerebrospinal fluid tau protein levels and by genetic testing for the E200K mutation. Disease symptoms and signs were retrieved from the medical files.ResultsThe study population included 77 patients (42 men) with a mean age of disease onset of 60.6 ± 7.2 years. The most prevalent presenting symptoms were cognitive decline followed by gait impairment and behavioral changes. However, six patients had an unusual presentation including auditory agnosia, monoparesis, stroke‐like presentation, facial nerve palsy, pseudobulbar syndrome and alien hand syndrome.ConclusionsOur case series illustrates the wide phenotypic variability of the clinical presentation of patients with fCJD and widens the clinical spectrum of the disease. A high level of clinical suspicion may prove useful in obtaining early diagnosis and therefore avoiding costly and inefficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Context‐ and State‐Dependent Male Mate Choice in a Sexually Cannibalistic Spider
Authors: Schneider Jutta M. , Zimmer Stefanie M. , Gatz Anna L. , Sauerland Kristin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHigh male mating investment may favor selection on male mate choice particularly if females vary in quality. Terminal investment strategies constitute a maximal mating effort and have evolved independently in the absence of paternal investment in several spider taxa including the genus Argiope. To test for male mate preferences in the above context, we used the sexually cannibalistic spider A. bruennichi. We varied male state (mating status and post‐maturation age) as well as the competitive context and quantified male mate choice decisions between females of different states and developmental stages in binary choice tests. We found an overall adaptive preference for the virgin against the mated female regardless of male mating state. Furthermore, we demonstrated that older males paid more attention to female fecundity‐related traits than to mating status. In a second set of experiments, we offered males a choice between a virgin and a subadult female and varied the competitive context which had no effect on male decisions. Curiously, a preference for the virgin adult female was only apparent after exclusion of females that matured <3 d prior to the test. Repeated tests of males supported the hypothesis that males do not distinguish between a freshly matured virgin female and a subadult female. Our results show that male spiders execute mate choice based on information collected from female silk strands and that they integrate their own state into mating decisions.
Age validation, growth and mortality of introduced Tilapia zillii in Crater Lake Nkuruba, Uganda
Authors: Efitre J. , Murie D. J. , Chapman L. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPeriodicity and timing of opaque zone formation in otoliths of introduced redbelly tilapia, Tilapia zillii (Gervais), in Crater Lake Nkuruba, Uganda, were validated using marginal increment. Age and growth were assessed through readings of biannuli in thin‐sectioned sagittal otoliths. Deposition of opaque zone formation in T. zillii otoliths was bimodal (March–May and September–November), corresponding to two seasonal peaks of precipitation characteristic of this equatorial region. Ages of T. zillii ranged from 2 to 8 years, with fish gillnetted offshore having a faster growth and attaining larger size‐at‐age than fish captured inshore in minnow traps, suggesting that use of multiple gears is needed when estimating the growth of T. zillii. Total instantaneous mortality (Z), estimated using catch curve analysis, was 0.74 for gillnetted fish and 0.71 for trapped fish. These estimates were at the low end of the total mortality reported for other tilapia species. Natural mortality (M) was estimated as 0.52–0.54 by applying Rikhter and Efanov's maximum age at maturity and Hoenig's maximum age methods, respectively. Fishing mortality (F) in Lake Nkuruba was 0.17–0.22, indicating a low exploitation level in the lake.
Modeling of hydrogen production by serpentinization in ultramafic‐hosted hydrothermal systems: application to the Rainbow field
Authors: Mügler C. , Jean‐Baptiste P. , Perez F. , Charlou J. L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe production of hydrogen by serpentinization in ultramafic‐hosted hydrothermal systems is simulated by coupling thermodynamic and dynamic modeling in the framework of a thermo‐hydraulic single‐pass model where a high‐temperature hydrothermal fluid moves preferentially through a main canal of high permeability. The alteration of ultramafic rocks is modeled with a first‐order kinetic formulation, wherein the serpentinization rate coefficient, Kr, takes the form: Kr = A exp(−α(T − T0)2). In this formulation, α determines the temperature range of the reaction and T0 is the temperature at which the serpentinization rate reaches its maximum. This model is applied to the Rainbow hydrothermal system, which is situated on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, and characterized by a high temperature, a high mass flux, and a very high hydrogen concentration. The results show that a first‐order kinetic law gives a useful representation of the kinetics of serpentinization. The estimated value for the parameter A in the temperature‐dependent formulation of the serpentinization rate coefficient lies in the range (1–5) × 10−11 s−1. This effective parameter is several orders of magnitude lower than the values obtained from small grain‐size experiments, but in agreement with other published modeling studies of natural systems. Numerical simulations show that the venting site is able to produce the observed high concentration of hydrogen during the whole continuous lifetime of the Rainbow site.
Adapting and remodelling the US Institute for Safe Medication Practices’ Medication Safety Self-Assessment tool for hospitals to be used to support national medication safety initiatives in Finland
Authors: Celikkayalar Ercan , Myllyntausta Minna , Grissinger Matthew , Airaksinen Marja 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe US Institute for Safe Medication Practices’ (ISMP) Medication Safety Self-Assessment (MSSA) tool for hospitals is a comprehensive tool for assessing safe medication practices in hospitals.AimsTo adapt and remodel the ISMP MSSA tool for hospitals so that it can be used in individual wards in order to support long-term medication safety initiatives in Finland.MethodsThe MSSA tool was first adapted for Finnish hospital settings by a four-round (applicability, desirability and feasibility were evaluated) Delphi consensus method (14 panellists), and then remodelled by organizing the items into a new order which is consistent with the order of the ward-based pharmacotherapy plan recommended by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The adapted and remodelled tool was pilot tested in eight central hospital wards.Key findingsThe original MSSA tool (231 items under ten key elements) was modified preliminarily before the Delphi rounds and 117 items were discarded, leaving 114 items for Delphi evaluation. The panel suggested 36 new items of which 23 were accepted. A total of 114 items (including 91 original and 23 new items) were accepted and remodelled under six new components that were pilot tested. The pilot test found the tool time-consuming but useful.ConclusionIt was possible to adapt the ISMP's MSSA tool for another hospital setting. The modified tool can be used for a hospital pharmacy coordinated audit which supports long-term medication safety initiatives, particularly the establishment of ward-based pharmacotherapy plans as guided by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
Working Together in a Community Garden: Justice in CTC, EG, TTL
Authors: Bacon Nathanael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFrom the context of ministry in Guatemala, the author explores themes of injustice and loving service, need and promise in the Lausanne Movement document known as The Cape Town Commitment, the apostolic exhortation Evangelii Gaudium, and the ecumenical text on mission and evangelism Together towards Life, with a particular focus on justice and Christian mission. Common elements are depicted through the image of a community garden exhibiting biodiversity and requiring a diversity of talents to flourish.
Evangelism in Evangelii Gaudium, The Cape Town Commitment, and Together towards Life
Authors: Währisch‐Oblau Claudia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe term “evangelization” has a very broad meaning in Evangelii Gaudium, encompassing everything that is subsumed under “mission” in The Cape Town Commitment and Together towards Life. For those two documents, “evangelism” is just one aspect of mission, namely the verbal communication of the gospel message. In their underlying theological propositions, the three documents are very similar. There is one fundamental difference, though: Evangelii Gaudium focuses on affective transformation, while the other two stress ethical renewal.
Inter‐religious Dialogue in EG, TTL, and CTC
Authors: Kee‐Fook Chia Edmund 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article explores how the theme of inter‐religious dialogue is addressed in Evangelii Gaudium, in comparison with Together towards life and also The Cape Town Commitment. Its thesis is that these mission documents of the three main global Christian denominations, drafted within three years of each other, address almost similar contextual concerns in the contemporary era. In particular, the reality and challenge of religious and cultural pluralism leave the churches with little choice but to attend to them, especially given that Christianity has become a post‐Western religion while at the same time the West is also becoming post‐Christian.
Migrants and Refugees: Christian Faith and the Globalization of Solidarity
Authors: Groody Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines how Pope Francis's Evangelii Gaudium, the WCC's Together towards Life, and the Third Lausanne Congress’ Cape Town Commitment bring out three interrelated and overlapping dimensions of mission. When viewed in the age of migration, these include a three‐fold process of denunciation, annunciation, and promotion. Evangelii Gaudium speaks of the denunciation of a globalization of indifference that has made us unresponsive to the plight of the migrant poor. Together towards Life speaks about the annunciation of the God of life through a renewed commitment to justice and peace. The Cape Town Commitment speaks about the promotion of the reign of Jesus’ kingdom through love and service, especially for those like migrants who are poor and marginalized. Underneath the collective vision of these three voices, a more fundamental migration urges the churches to move from established institutional comfort zones into new territories of risk, vulnerability, and possibility. While divisions remain, new strategies are emerging to engage in a common faith, a common humanity, and a common care for those considered least and last in the human community.
Evangelii Gaudium and the Prospects for Ecumenical Mission
Authors: Kim Kirsteen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEvangelii Gaudium (EG) is addressed to the “bishops, clergy, consecrated persons and the lay faithful” of the Catholic Church. It comes out of an internal discussion of “the new evangelization” and devotes considerable space to particular concerns of the Catholic Church, such as its pastoral activity, preaching ministry, and devotion to Mary. Out of 288 sections, it devotes only three near the end to “ecumenical dialogue.” So it would not seem at first sight to offer much prospect for ecumenical mission. However, this impression is deceptive. This article compares EG with the main concerns of the World Council of Churches’ statement on mission and evangelism in changing landscapes, Together towards Life (TTL), which was published earlier the same year, and finds a remarkable extent of common ground. It also finds that both documents share an inclusive and holistic understanding of mission/evangelization.
Toward Epistemic Decolonial Turn in Missio‐Formation in African Christianity
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. , Hewitt Roderick R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article is framed with the World Council of Churches' (WCC) mission statementTogether towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes, which seems to be reviving academic interests in missio‐formation as an interdisciplinary field study. The mission statement, which is framed in a postcolonial missional discourse, seems to show interest in how missio‐formation as academic discipline can expose the intersectionality of questions of power, politics, and culture in Africa. The matters of agency, subjectivity, pedagogy, and rhetoric are perceived as central to the envisaged public missio‐formation discourse. Hence, this article argues that the nature of the mission statement must also be comprehended as means for decolonizing missio‐formation paradigm in Africa within a decolonial framework which gives critical attention to how missions have functioned as a colonialist mechanism for colonializing African Christian minds and subjectivity.
The role of wet‐zone fragmentation in shaping biodiversity patterns in peninsular India: insights from the caecilian amphibianGegeneophis
Authors: Gower David J. , Agarwal Ishan , Karanth K. Praveen , Datta‐Roy Aniruddha , Giri Varad B. , Wilkinson Mark , San Mauro Diego 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimIndian biodiversity is concentrated in the wet zone, which is disjunctly distributed in the north‐east and in the peninsular Western and Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats region is smaller and less well explored biologically and the affinities and origins of its biota poorly understood. Our aim was to assess whether divergence between east and west lineages might have been caused by fragmentation of the wet zone during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, by Late Miocene wet‐zone contraction or by more ancient events. We present the first dated phylogenetic test of these alternatives by inferring relationships and dating divergences within a wet‐zone‐restricted lineage endemic to the Eastern and Western Ghats.LocationThe Eastern and Western Ghats regions of peninsular India.MethodsMolecular genetic data (one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes) were newly generated for the only known Eastern Ghats teresomatan caecilian amphibian (Gegeneophis orientalis) and the only Western Ghats congener (G. pareshi) for which molecular data were not previously available. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred for Indian indotyphlids using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence times within the inferred phylogeny were estimated using a Bayesian relaxed clock method, with the Seychelles versus Indian indotyphlid divergence calibrated based on the geological separation of their respective continental land masses.ResultsThe single Eastern Ghats species ofGegeneophisis sister to all other (Western Ghats)Gegeneophis. The basalmost (and east–west) split withinGegeneophislikely occurred > 35 Ma.Main conclusionsDivergence between Eastern and Western GhatsGegeneophisis too ancient to have been caused by wet‐zone contraction in the Miocene or by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Our results are consistent with a relatively ancient origin of wet‐zone lineages in the Eastern Ghats and a lack of gene flow between Eastern and Western GhatsGegeneophisfor tens of millions of years.