bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Regularity for the Modified SQG Patch Equation
Authors: Kiselev Alexander , Yao Yao , Zlatoš Andrej 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe study the patch dynamics on the whole plane and on the half‐plane for a family of active scalars called modified surface quasi‐geostrophic (SQG) equations. These involve a parameter α that appears in the power of the kernel in their Biot‐Savart laws and describes the degree of regularity of the equation. The values α=0 and α=½ correspond to the two‐dimensional Euler and SQG equations, respectively. We establish here local‐in‐time regularity for these models, for all α ∊ (0,½) on the whole plane and for all small α > 0 on the half‐plane. We use the latter result in [16], where we show existence of regular initial data on the half‐plane that lead to a finite‐time singularity.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum computing simulation through reduction and decomposition optimizations with a case study of Shor's algorithm
Authors: de Avila Anderson B. , Reiser Renata H. S. , Pilla Mauricio L. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBecause of the expansion of transformations and read/write memory states by tensor products in multidimensional quantum applications, the exponential increase in temporal and spatial complexities constitutes one of the main challenges for quantum computing simulations. Simulation of these systems is very relevant to develop and test new quantum algorithms. In order to overcome the increase in simulation complexity, this work presents reduction and decomposition optimizations for the Distributed Geometric Machine environment. By exploring properties as the sparsity of the Identity operator and partiality of dense unitary transformations, better storage and distribution of quantum information are achieved. The main improvements are reached by decreasing replication and void elements inherited from quantum operators. In the evaluation of this proposal, Hadamard transformations from 21 to 28 qubits and Quantum Fourier Transforms from 26 to 28 qubits were simulated over CPU, sequentially and in parallel, and in graphics processing unit, showing reduced temporal complexity and, consequently, shorter simulation time. Moreover, evaluations of the Shor's algorithm considering 2n + 3 qubits in the order‐finding quantum algorithm were simulated up to 25 qubits. When comparing our implementations running on the same hardware with language‐integrated quantum operation, academic release version, our new simulator was faster and allowed for the simulation of more qubits. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aromatic Chlorosulfonylation by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Májek Michal , Neumeier Michael , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVisible‐light photoredox catalysis enables the efficient synthesis of arenesulfonyl chlorides from anilines. The new protocol involves the convenient in situ preparation of arenediazonium salts (from anilines) and the reactive gases SO2 and HCl (from aqueous SOCl2). The photocatalytic chlorosulfonylation operates at mild conditions (room temperature, acetonitrile/water) with low catalyst loading. Various functional groups are tolerated (e.g., halides, azides, nitro groups, CF3, SF5, esters, heteroarenes). Theoretical and experimental studies support a photoredox‐catalysis mechanism.
From pest data to abundance‐based risk maps combining eco‐physiological knowledge, weather, and habitat variability
Authors: Lacasella Federica , Marta Silvio , Singh Aditya , Stack Whitney Kaitlin , Hamilton Krista , Townsend Phil , Kucharik Christopher J. , Meehan Timothy D. , Gratton Claudio 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNoxious species, i.e., crop pest or invasive alien species, are major threats to both natural and managed ecosystems. Invasive pests are of special importance, and knowledge about their distribution and abundance is fundamental to minimize economic losses and prioritize management activities. Occurrence models are a common tool used to identify suitable zones and map priority areas (i.e., risk maps) for noxious species management, although they provide a simplified description of species dynamics (i.e., no indication on species density). An alternative is to use abundance models, but translating abundance data into risk maps is often challenging. Here, we describe a general framework for generating abundance‐based risk maps using multi‐year pest data. We used an extensive data set of 3968 records collected between 2003 and 2013 in Wisconsin during annual surveys of soybean aphid (SBA), an exotic invasive pest in this region. By using an integrative approach, we modelled SBA responses to weather, seasonal, and habitat variability using generalized additive models (GAMs). Our models showed good to excellent performance in predicting SBA occurrence and abundance (TSS = 0.70, AUC = 0.92; R2 = 0.63). We found that temperature, precipitation, and growing degree days were the main drivers of SBA trends. In addition, a significant positive relationship between SBA abundance and the availability of overwintering habitats was observed. Our models showed aphid populations were also sensitive to thresholds associated with high and low temperatures, likely related to physiological tolerances of the insects. Finally, the resulting aphid predictions were integrated using a spatial prioritization algorithm (“Zonation”) to produce an abundance‐based risk map for the state of Wisconsin that emphasized the spatiotemporal consistency and magnitude of past infestation patterns. This abundance‐based risk map can provide information on potential foci of pest outbreaks where scouting efforts and prophylactic measures should be concentrated. The approach we took is general, relatively simple, and can be applied to other species, habitats and geographical areas for which species abundance data and biotic and abiotic data are available.
Dominance in a ground‐dwelling ant community of banana agroecosystem
Authors: Carval Dominique , Cotté Violaine , Resmond Rémi , Perrin Benjamin , Tixier Philippe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn tropical ecosystems, ants represent a substantial portion of the animal biomass and contribute to various ecosystem services, including pest regulation and pollination. Dominant ant species are known to determine the structure of ant communities by interfering in the foraging of other ant species. Using bait and pitfall trapping experiments, we performed a pattern analysis at a fine spatial scale of an ant community in a very simplified and homogeneous agroecosystem, that is, a single‐crop banana field in Martinique (French West Indies). We found that the community structure was driven by three dominant species (Solenopsis geminata, Nylanderia guatemalensis, and Monomorium ebeninum) and two subdominant species (Pheidole fallax and Brachymyrmex patagonicus). Our results showed that dominant and subdominant species generally maintained numerical dominance at baits across time, although S. geminata, M. ebeninum, and B. patagonicus displayed better abilities to maintain dominance than P. fallax and N. guatemalensis. Almost all interspecific correlations between species abundances, except those between B. patagonicus and N. guatemalensis, were symmetrically negative, suggesting that interference competition prevails in this ground‐dwelling ant community. However, we observed variations in the diurnal and nocturnal foraging activity and in the daily occurrence at baits, which may mitigate the effect of interference competition through the induction of spatial and temporal niche partitioning. This may explain the coexistence of dominant, subdominant, and subordinate species in this very simplified agroecosystem, limited in habitat structure and diversity.
Three‐dimensional habitat structure and landscape genetics: a step forward in estimating functional connectivity
Authors: Milanesi P. , Holderegger R. , Bollmann K. , Gugerli F. , Zellweger F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEstimating connectivity among fragmented habitat patches is crucial for evaluating the functionality of ecological networks. However, current estimates of landscape resistance to animal movement and dispersal lack landscape‐level data on local habitat structure. Here, we used a landscape genetics approach to show that high‐fidelity habitat structure maps derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data critically improve functional connectivity estimates compared to conventional land cover data. We related pairwise genetic distances of 128 Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) genotypes to least‐cost path distances at multiple scales derived from land cover data. Resulting β values of linear mixed effects models ranged from 0.372 to 0.495, while those derived from LiDAR ranged from 0.558 to 0.758. The identification and conservation of functional ecological networks suffering from habitat fragmentation and homogenization will thus benefit from the growing availability of detailed and contiguous data on three‐dimensional habitat structure and associated habitat quality.
Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with diabetes randomized in EchoCRT
Authors: Nägele Matthias P. , Steffel Jan , Robertson Michele , Singh Jagmeet P. , Flammer Andreas J. , Bax Jeroen J. , Borer Jeffrey S. , Dickstein Kenneth , Ford Ian , Gorcsan John , Gras Daniel , Krum Henry , Sogaard Peter , Holzmeister Johannes , Abraham William T. , Brugada Josep , Ruschitzka Frank 
Published: November 2016

AimsAs patients with heart failure (HF) and concomitant diabetes carry a poor prognosis, this post‐hoc subgroup analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with and without diabetes randomized in the Echocardiography Guided Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (EchoCRT) study.Methods and resultsEchoCRT randomized patients with a QRS duration <130 ms and echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dyssynchrony to CRT turned on (CRT=ON) vs. off (CRT=OFF) following device implantation. At study entry, 328 patients (40.5%) had diabetes. The primary outcome (all‐cause death or first hospitalization for worsening HF) occurred more frequently in patients with than without diabetes (32.6% vs. 23%, P = 0.003). A significant treatment interaction was observed for the primary outcome indicating a higher risk for CRT=ON vs. CRT‐OFF in patients without [26.5% vs. 19.8%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.31] vs. with diabetes (31.4% vs. 34%; HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.58–1.27; P for interaction 0.041). This effect was mainly driven by a lower rate in HF hospitalizations, but was only of borderline significance after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.063). The most pronounced effect was observed in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy, where a significantly reduced risk of reaching the primary endpoint for CRT=ON vs. CRT‐OFF was observed in patients with (HR 0.27, P = 0.003) vs. patients without diabetes (HR 1.79, P = 0.038; P for interaction 0.005). No treatment interaction by diabetes diagnosis was found for mortality endpoints.ConclusionIn EchoCRT, HF patients with a narrow QRS complex and coexisting diabetes demonstrated a signal for less harm caused by CRT compared with patients without diabetes, which was driven by differences in hospitalizations owing to HF.
Bilateral experimental neck pain reorganize axioscapular muscle coordination and pain sensitivity
Authors: Christensen S.W. , Hirata R.P. , Graven‐Nielsen T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeck pain is a large clinical problem where reorganized trunk and axioscapular muscle activities have been hypothesised contributing to pain persistence and pain hypersensitivity. This study investigated the effects of bilateral experimental neck pain on trunk and axioscapular muscle function and pain sensitivity.MethodsIn 25 healthy volunteers, bilateral experimental neck pain was induced in the splenius capitis muscles by hypertonic saline injections. Isotonic saline was used as control. In sitting, subjects performed slow, fast and slow‐resisted unilateral arm movements before, during and after injections. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from eight shoulder and trunk muscles bilaterally. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed bilaterally at the neck, head and arm. Data were normalized to the before‐measures.ResultsCompared with control and post measurements, experimental neck pain caused (1) decreased EMG activity of the ipsilateral upper trapezius muscles during all but slow‐resisted down movements (p < 0.001), and (2) increased EMG activity in the ipsilateral erector spinae muscle during slow and fast movements (p < 0.02), and in the contralateral erector spinae muscle during all but fast up and slow‐resisted down movements (p < 0.007). The PPTs in the painful condition increased at the head and arm compared with post measurements and the control condition (p < 0.001). In the post‐pain condition, the neck PPT was decreased compared with the control condition (p < 0.001).ConclusionAcute bilateral neck pain reorganized axioscapular and trunk muscle activity together with local hyperalgesia and widespread hypoalgesia indicating that acute neck pain immediately affects trunk and axioscapular function which may affect both assessment and treatment.SignificanceBilateral clinical neck pain alters axioscapular muscle coordination but only effects of unilateral experimental neck pain has been investigated. Bilateral experimental neck pain causes task‐dependent reorganized axioscapular and trunk muscle activity in addition to widespread decrease in pressure pain sensitivity.
Effect of sulfur‐containing spices on the bioaccessibility of trace minerals from selected cereals and pulses
Authors: Kumari Meena , Platel Kalpana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDGarlic and onion, which are rich in organo‐sulfur compounds, are reported to enhance the bioaccessibility of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn; however, there is a lack of similar information on the bioaccessibility of copper, manganese and chromium. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous garlic and onion on the bioaccessibility of these trace minerals from selected food grains. The effect of two levels of garlic (0.25 and 0.5 g/10 g grain−1) and onion (1.5 and 3 g/10 g grain−1) on the bioaccessibility of these trace minerals from two representative cereals and pulses was determined by employing an in vitro dialysability procedure.RESULTSBoth garlic and onion significantly improved the bioaccessibility of Cu, especially when added at the higher level, in most of the foods examined. The enhancing effect of garlic on Mn bioaccessibility was found in cooked sorghum and chickpea, whereas onion significantly improved Mn bioaccessibility in cooked rice and chickpea. The addition of both spices did not exert any enhancing effect on Cr bioaccessibility from the cereals and pulses.CONCLUSIONThe bioaccessibility of Cu, as well as Mn to a lesser extent, from vegetarian diets can be significantly improved by incorporating garlic and onion in the diet. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential use and perspectives of nitric oxide donors in agriculture
Authors: Marvasi Massimiliano 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) has emerged in the last 30 years as a key molecule involved in many physiological processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Current research has shown that NO can be delivered via donor molecules. In such cases, the NO release rate is dependent on the chemical structure of the donor itself and on the chemical environment. Despite NO's powerful signaling effect in plants and animals, the application of NO donors in agriculture is currently not implemented and research remains mainly at the experimental level. Technological development in the field of NO donors is rapidly expanding in scope to include controlling seed germination, plant development, ripening and increasing shelf‐life of produce. Potential applications in animal production have also been identified. This concise review focuses on the use of donors that have shown potential biotechnological applications in agriculture. Insights are provided into (i) the role of donors in plant production, (ii) the potential use of donors in animal production and (iii) future approaches to explore the use and applications of donors for the benefit of agriculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of governance mechanisms on food safety in the supply chain: Evidence from the Lebanese dairy sector
Authors: Abebe Gumataw K , Chalak Ali , Abiad Mohamad G 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood safety is a key public health issue worldwide. This study aims to characterise existing governance mechanisms – governance structures (GSs) and food safety management systems (FSMSs) – and analyse the alignment thereof in detecting food safety hazards, based on empirical evidence from Lebanon.RESULTSFirm‐to‐firm and public baseline are the dominant FSMSs applied in a large‐scale, while chain‐wide FSMSs are observed only in a small‐scale. Most transactions involving farmers are relational and market‐based in contrast to (large‐scale) processors, which opt for hierarchical GSs. Large‐scale processors use a combination of FSMSs and GSs to minimise food safety hazards albeit potential increase in coordination costs; this is an important feature of modern food supply chains. The econometric analysis reveals contract period, on‐farm inspection and experience having significant effects in minimising food safety hazards. However, the potential to implement farm‐level FSMS is influenced by formality of the contract, herd size, trading partner choice, and experience.CONCLUSIONPublic baseline FSMSs appear effective in controlling food safety hazards; however, this may not be viable due to the scarcity of public resources. We suggest public policies to focus on long‐lasting governance mechanisms by introducing incentive schemes and farm‐level FSMSs by providing loans and education to farmers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Person misfit on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology: Low quality self‐report or true atypical symptom profile?
Authors: Conijn Judith M. , Spinhoven Philip , Meijer Rob R. , Lamers Femke 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPerson misfit on a self‐report measure refers to a response pattern that is unlikely given a theoretical measurement model. Person misfit may reflect low quality self‐report data, for example due to random responding or misunderstanding of items. However, recent research in the context of psychopathology suggests that person misfit may reflect atypical symptom profiles that have implications for diagnosis or treatment. We followed‐up on Wanders et al. (Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, 36–43, 2015) who investigated person misfit on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n = 2,981). Our goal was to investigate the extent to which misfit on the IDS reflects low‐quality self‐report patterns and the extent to which it reflects true atypical symptom profiles. Regression analysis showed that person misfit related more strongly to self‐report quality indicators than to variables quantifying theoretically‐derived atypical symptom profiles. A data‐driven atypical symptom profile explained most variance in person misfit, suggesting that person misfit on the IDS mainly reflects a sample‐ and questionnaire‐specific atypical symptom profile. We concluded that person‐fit statistics are useful for detecting IDS scores that may not be valid. Further research is necessary to support the interpretation of person misfit as reflecting a meaningful atypical symptom combination.
MRI surveillance of cancer cell fate in a brain metastasis model after early radiotherapy
Authors: Murrell Donna H. , Zarghami Niloufar , Jensen Michael D. , Dickson Fiona , Chambers Ann F. , Wong Eugene , Foster Paula J. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeIncidence of brain metastasis attributed to breast cancer is increasing and prognosis is poor. It is thought that disseminated dormant cancer cells persist in metastatic organs and may evade treatments, thereby facilitating a mechanism for recurrence. Radiotherapy is used to treat brain metastases clinically, but assessment has been limited to macroscopic tumor volumes detectable by clinical imaging. Here, we use cellular MRI to understand the concurrent responses of metastases and nonproliferative or slowly cycling cancer cells to radiotherapy.MethodsMRI cell tracking was used to investigate the impact of early cranial irradiation on the fate of individual iron‐labeled cancer cells and outgrowth of breast cancer brain metastases in the human MDA‐MB‐231‐BR‐HER2 cell model.ResultsEarly whole‐brain radiotherapy significantly reduced the outgrowth of metastases from individual disseminated cancer cells in treated animals compared to controls. However, the numbers of nonproliferative iron‐retaining cancer cells in the brain were not significantly different.ConclusionsRadiotherapy, when given early in cancer progression, is effective in preventing the outgrowth of solitary cancer cells to brain metastases. Future studies of the nonproliferative cancer cells’ clonogenic potentials are warranted, given that their persistent presence suggests that they may have evaded treatment. Magn Reson Med 78:1506–1512, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Parallel machine scheduling with batch deliveries to minimize total flow time and delivery cost
Authors: Gong Hua , Tang Lixin , Leung Joseph Y.T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMotivated by the flow of products in the iron and steel industry, we study an identical and parallel machine scheduling problem with batch deliveries, where jobs finished on the parallel machines are delivered to customers in batches. Each delivery batch has a capacity and incurs a cost. The objective is to find a coordinated production and delivery schedule that minimizes the total flow time of jobs plus the total delivery cost. This problem is an extension of the problem considered by Hall and Potts, Ann Oper Res 135 (2005) 41–64, who studied a two‐machine problem with an unbounded number of transporters and unbounded delivery capacity. We first provide a dynamic programming algorithm to solve a special case with a given job assignment to the machines. A heuristic algorithm is then presented for the general problem, and its worst‐case performance ratio is analyzed. The computational results show that the heuristic algorithm can generate near‐optimal solutions. Finally, we offer a fully polynomial‐time approximation scheme for a fixed number of machines. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 492–502, 2016