bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive study of hypothyroidism in an acute psychiatric unit in Barcelona
Authors: Hurtado G. , Carrió E. , Palomo A.L. , Campillo M. , Mateu G. , Farre A. , Marti J. , Sanchez R. , Fortuny J.R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBehavioural, psychological and cognitive disturbance have been associated with hypothyroidism, even it has been suggested that this symptoms may remain despite adequate replacement therapy with thyroxine.ObjectiveTo describe prevalence, sociodemographics and clinical features of patients with hypothyroidism in an acute psychiatric unit.AimsTo know about the relation between hypothyroidism and psychiatric symptoms.MethodsData base collection of all patients admitted between 2010 and 2014 in the acute unit of our psychiatric hospital in Barcelona, was analyzed using SPSS program.ResultsIn all 3.1% of the 4536 total patients had hypothyroidism. Among them, 46% were duplicate cases. Mean age was 53 ± 14.27 years. A total of 82.7% were woman. Patients having a TSH lower than 0.30 were 12%, TSH normal were 60.2%, TSH higher than 5 were 27.8%. Most frequent Levothyroxine dosage was: 75 μg (22.1%), 100 μg (19%), 25 μg (12.5%) and 125 μg (12.5%). Diagnosis more frequently associated with hypothyroidism was: Bipolar (26.5%), Schizophrenia (20%), Depression (15.1%), Unspecified psychosis (10%), Personality disorder (10%), Schizoaffective disorder (7.2%), Paranoia 4.3%.ConclusionMost of patients were stable of thyroid condition when had been admitted to our hospital. Hypothyroidism could be a relapse factor, even when treatment is adequate. Affective disorders are more frequently related with hypothyroidism (lithium has to be consider a confounding factor).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Burnout among Portuguese oncology healthcare providers – Differences between pediatric an adult teams
Authors: Gonçalves R. , Ferreira J.M.V.D. , Araújo C. , Gonçalves M. , Pedroso S. , Pinho C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBurnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, resulting from the inability to cope with chronic job stress. The literature suggests that staffs working in adult oncology are at risk of burnout. At the same time, research found that pediatric staff experiences a different set of stressors when compared with colleagues working in adult oncology. However, no studies were identified which directly compared prevalence and sources of Burn-out on pediatric and adult oncology staff.ObjectivesTo compare the differences on prevalence and sources of burnout between pediatric and adult oncology multidisciplinary teams.MethodsPediatric and adult oncology professionals, including medical and nursing from a Portuguese oncology center completed the Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Data was analyzed using SPSS.ResultsSince the study is currently ongoing the authors will only be able to provide final results and conclusions by the time of submission of our work presentation, in March 2016. However, according to the literature available, we are expecting to found symptoms of Burnout in the superior limit of normality, with differences in the major sources of stress between adult and pediatric professionals.ConclusionThe differences in the challenges experienced by adult and pediatric teams highlight the importance of adequate prevention strategies to specific needs of each unit. Further investigation of stress across a wider range of professional disciplines is required in order to explore this gap.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity: Clinical case and review
Authors: Leite F. , Salgado H. , Viveiros S. , Coya P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionLithium is a mood stabilizer used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lithium has recently been associated to permanent neurological damage namely persistent cerebelar dysfunction as well as peripheral and central neuropathies.ObjectivesTo present a clinical case of a probable Syndrome of Irreversible Lithium-effectuated Neurotoxicity (SILENT) and a review of the literature concerning this rare syndrome.AimsIncrease awareness and knowledge of SILENT.MethodsPsychiatric and psychological evaluation of a probable clinical case of SILENT and review of the literature using the key words “lithium neurotoxicity” and “Syndrome of Irreversible Lithium-effectuated Neurotoxicity”.ResultsA 54-year-old female patient was admitted in our hospital due to involuntary lithium intoxication, with acute renal and cardiovascular failure, neurological, metabolic and electrolytic dysfunction in an acute confusional state and in need of dialysis. The patient clinical picture rapidly improved although, when she achieved normal lithium seric levels, it was observed a worsening of the preexisting confusional state followed by two consecutive generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and a partial convulsion. A short time after, it was recognized the development of a persistent catatonic state. It was detected urinary incontinence and repetitive, monosyllabic, incoherent, short phrased speech featuring echolalia, together with emotional lability and incongruous affect. The patient slightly improved with the introduction of anti-Parkinson's pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsThis clinical case raises several differential diagnoses due to its psychiatric and neurologic characteristics. We conclude that the most probable diagnosis is SILENT.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Living with Parkinson disease – the central role of primary care physicians and a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Oliveira M. , Marinho M. , Santos C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionParkinson disease is a frequent neurodegenerative disorder. Presence of psychopathology is well described in this illness, nevertheless the etiology is still unknown.Methods and aimsThe authors present a clinical case of a patient with idiopathic Parkinson disease with depressive symptoms after the decline of his functioning. We aim to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the central role of general physicians in screening these situations.ResultsThe patient is a male with 64 years old, reformed with a personal history of hypertension. With 62 years old he started with mild motor complaints that got worse over time, culminating after a year and half on him being almost dependant for most of his daily activities. He also started to express feelings of sadness, despair, and recurrent thoughts of death. He refused to seek out medical help, but was convinced by his wife to consult his general physician that observed the patient and referenced him to Neurology and Psychiatry consultations. He also started sertraline 50 mg/day. He was diagnosed with Parkinson disease and started medication with ropinirole, levodopa and carbidopa with a good response. In Psychiatry consultation the dose of sertraline was increased to 100 mg/day with improvement, and it was provided information on the disease to the patient and family and also supportive psychotherapy.ConclusionsGeneral physicians have a privileged position on screening patients with psychopathology when other physical conditions or illnesses are present. The fast and correct referencing of these patients can improve the prognosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
How do obese people eat?
Authors: Felix-Alcantara M.P. , Perez-Templado J. , Banzo-Arguis C. , Martínez de Velasco R. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Quintero J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe recently published DSM-5 defines Eating Disorders (ED) as “a persistent alteration in the food supply or food-related behavior leading to an alteration in the consumption or absorption of food and cause a significant deterioration in health or psychosocial functioning” and, nevertheless, it does not include obesity as an ED due to the lack of enough evidence to include it. However, everyday more evidence supports that disordered eating could be a significant factor, at least, in development and maintenance of obesity.ObjectivesDescribe the eating behavior of a 180 obese sample.MethodsOne hundred and eighty patients with obesity that went to the endocrinology service in order to lose weight are referred to the Psychiatry department to be assessed. To explore the eating behavior it was administered the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh, BITE.ResultsA total of 68.7% of patients showed a disordered eating pattern, 71.6% tend to eat a lot when feeling anxious, 63.8% eat rapidly large amounts of food, 72.8% worry about not to have control over how much eat, 40.5% consider that their pattern of eating severely disrupt their life, 40.7% eat sensibly in front of others and make up in private, 59.1% cannot stop eating when they want to and 58.3% admit binges of large amounts of food.ConclusionsMost of our patients showed a pattern of disordered eating, and then our findings support the idea of disordered eating as a significant factor in the development and maintenance of obesity. Therefore, obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach that goes beyond the traditional nutritional guidance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The relationship of perfectionism with changes in body dissatisfaction in eating disorders treatment outcome
Authors: Rodriguez Cano T. , Beato Fernandez L. , Mata Saenz B. , Rojo Moreno L. , Vaz Leal F.J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBody dissatisfaction is one of the core psychopathological components in Eating Disorders (EDs) and it tends to persist over time regardless treatment interventions. Perfectionism is considered as a mediator and moderator between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.ObjectivesTo study the influence of Perfectionism in EDs outcome.AimsTo analyze changes in body dissatisfaction at one year follow-up in patients with eating disorders and the effect of perfectionism over these changes.MethodsParticipants were 151 patients with eating disorders. DSM-IVTR diagnoses were as follows: 44 (29.1%) Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 55 (36.4%) Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 52 (34.4%) Eating Disorders no Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). Perfectionism was assessed with the Edinburg Investigatory Test (EDI-2). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was also distributed. One year after the beginning of their treatment, patients were reassessed.ResultsPatients with BN showed significantly higher scores on BSQ than those with AN. There was a significant improvement in BSQ after one year of treatment regardless the diagnostic (repeated measures ANOVA: F 8.4, P<.01). Perfectionism was a co-variable that influenced in those changes.ConclusionsThe results confirm the interaction between perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in the treatment outcome of EDs. It has been described an interplay between Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, being Perfectionism a moderator factor. The results highlight the need of dealing not only with the core symptoms of EDs, but also with the moderator factors such as Perfectionism to enhance the outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Eating disorders: What has the society to do with it?
Authors: Wimmer-Puchinger B. , Blahout S. , Waldherr K. 
Published: May 2016

The prevention of eating disorders is a main concern of the Vienna Women's Health Programme, which was adopted by the Vienna City Council in 1998. Eating disorders are very serious mental health problems in adolescence. There is evidence that media exposure of the thin ideal body image leads to uncertainty, low self-esteem and dieting. To examine the current state of body (dis-)satisfaction and the risk of eating disorders among Viennese adolescents, we surveyed 1427 participants at the age of 12 to 17, using a self-assessment questionnaire that included the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), the SCOFF-questionnaire and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results support our hypothesis. The highest concern among adolescents is about their weight and body shape. 76% of the girls surveyed wanted a skinny body, 31% were afraid of gaining weight, and 32% have already been dieting - 13% took appetite suppressants, 5% used vomiting, 3% took laxatives. According to the SCOFF-questionnaire, 30% of the girls were at risk of having eating disorders. Trends were evaluated via regression analysis. In 2012 girls used less dieting and had lower scores in the EDI-2 subscales ‘body dissatisfaction’, ‘drive for thinness’ and ‘bulimia’ than in 2001. Boys had less conspicuous scores than girls in total, but have shown an alarming increase in body dissatisfaction. School prevention programmes are indicated to enhance media literacy and encourage self-esteem among adolescents. To be successful, an interdisciplinary approach has to be established. The City of Vienna has already launched several awareness campaigns to counter unhealthy body ideals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lessons from a Balint group scheme led by psychiatry trainees for year 3 bristol medical students on their medicine/surgery placements
Authors: Wood K. , Kothari A. , Malone J. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe UK General Medical Council highlights the centrality of effective communication, reflective practice and the doctor-patient relationship in medical practice. A decline in empathy has been documented as occurring within clinical and early postgraduate years, potentially affecting diagnostic processes and patient engagement. Access to Balint groups can enhance awareness of the patient beyond the medical model, but remains limited at many UK medical schools. This scheme offered Balint groups to Bristol medical students in their first clinical year, demonstrating that this method is relevant beyond psychiatry.MethodsInitial focus groups with medical students indicated that many felt unable to discuss distressing aspects of clinical encounters. During 2013-2014, a Balint scheme run by psychiatry trainees was started for 150 students in their psychiatry placements. During 2014-15, the scheme was introduced to all third-year medical students on their medicine/surgery placement. Balint leaders have group supervision with a psychoanalytic psychotherapist. Evaluation of the scheme was based on pre-and post-group questionnaires and leaders’ process notes.ResultsSixteen groups led by 12 trainees were run twice over the year to serve 246 medical students. Two example cases are discussed here. Students appreciated the chance to discuss complex encounters with patients in a supportive peer environment, and work through a range of emotionally challenging issues.ConclusionsNovel aspects of this work include the implementation of Balint groups within medicine and surgery placements; the enrolment of psychiatry trainees as leaders with group supervision and leadership training workshops from the UK Balint Society; and the scale of the scheme.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Survivors of gender-based violence and role of official psychiatry in recovery process
Authors: Molchanova E. 
Published: May 2016

Consequences of events in the Southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic continue to have impact on communities to the present day. One of the most significant is a number of undiagnosed cases of rapes and other types of gender-based violence (GBV), which happened during the events of 2010. Accurate prevalence rates of GBV cases is still unknown. According to official data of Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were only seven cases of rape, however, according to the crisis center reports, there were 325. Even more alarming, witnesses of the Osh events suggest one out of three women in Osh and Jalal-Abad were either raped or suffered from other types of GBV. Those acts included undressing and unveiling, and cutting women's hair to a shamelessly short length. Cultural stereotypes dictate women hide their ‘shame’, which is why only a small percentage of victims with PTSD symptoms that developed after GBV sought out services from professionals, such as from crisis centers, psychologists and psychiatrists and, of course, police. Author analyzed several cases of women raped during the Osh massacre and suffered from PTSD signs afterwards. The previous painful experience of GBV was uncovered during treatment. The problem is that mental heath care specialists are the last stop for applying for help. This paper analyses several ways of solving the problem, including creating a number of normative documents in collaboration with Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Type A personality and its association with mortality: Considering different analysis approaches of the Bortner Scale
Authors: Lohse T. , Faeh D. , Bopp M. , Rohrmann S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionType A behaviour pattern (TABP) is defined as the combination of competitive need for achievement, sense of time urgency, aggressiveness, and hostility. Studies raised evidence for an association between TABP and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies on its association with mortality showed contradicting results and used different methods to measure TABP.Objectives/aimsInvestigating the association between TABP and all-cause, CVD, and all-cancer mortality.MethodsWe used data of the MONICA and the NRP1A studies that were linked with the Swiss National Cohort (SNC) (n = 7997). Essentially, the SNC is an anonymous record linkage of census, migration and mortality data. TABP was measured by the Bortner Scale. To determine the all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risk a Cox regression was performed. Following Edwards et al. (1990), we analysed the Bortner Scale in two different ways: all items and its two dimensions (speed and competitiveness) separately.ResultsWe found a significant association of the Bortner Scale with all-cause mortality in women (adjusted for sociodemographic factors HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, additionally adjusted for lifestyle factors–smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI category–1.01, 1.00–1.03). The subscale of competitiveness was associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in women. Interestingly, stratifying for lifestyle variables revealed that the association was only present in those having a healthy lifestyle, e.g. non-smoking or non-hazardous alcohol intake.ConclusionsThe Bortner Scale and its subscale of competitiveness were associated with mortality in women. In those having great health awareness, this might offer potential for further reduction of mortality risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Descriptive epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia in a sample of elderly patients in the geriatric unity of a general hospital
Authors: Pater A. , Espolio Desbaillet Y. , Peris D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStudies have demonstrated the high prevalence of depressive disorders amongst elderly people and their underestimation and mistreatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe epidemiological issues in a sample of elderly hospitalized patients, giving special attention on the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and the detection of potential risk factors.Material and methodsThe sample included 168 elderly patients referred for the geriatric unit of a general hospital. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) were used. Data were analyzed with XLSTAT program.ResultsThe 39% of the sample were men and the 61% women, with an age range between 65 and 95 years. Nine percent of patients aged 65–84 had a diagnosis of depressive or anxious-depressive disorder, compared to 13% within the age range 85–95. However, 14% of patients aged 65–85 had a GDS higher than 5 and 19% for the patients aged 85–95, which could confirm the underestimated rate of depression diagnosed in elderly patients. Item “feeling loneliness” was pointed out in 75% and item “feeling bored” in 64% of all GDS higher than 5. Prevalence of dementia was 8% in the whole sample.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of depressive and anxious disorders amongst the elderly is to be taken in account. Potential risk factors could be loneliness and lack of daily activity. The development of social primary prevention interventions in order to decrease the prevalence of these pathologies amongst elderly is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Making sense of economic deprivation as a predictor of suicide and homicide: A nationwide register-study
Authors: Pompili M. , Vichi M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionClassical work on lethal aggression often viewed suicide and homicide as sharing a common source.ObjectiveThe present investigation explores the association between measures of social deprivation on the relative incidence of suicide over homicide in Italian provinces.MethodsData refer to official government sources on lethal violence rates and measures of social deprivation. The central dependent variable is termed SHR or the suicide rate expressed as a proportion of the sum of the suicide and homicide rates Data were available for the 103 Italian provinces.ResultsThe SHR had three significant predictors. The greater the percentage of the population with low education, the lesser the tendency towards suicide. The tendency towards suicide was also predicted by rental housing, the greater the percentage of the population living in rental housing the less the tendency towards suicide. The inverse of the unemployment rate also predicted the SHR. Given that the measure follows an inverse function, the greater the unemployment rate the lesser the tendency towards suicide relative to homicide (SHR). We can interpret the results relative to a homicidal tendency in the SHR: the greater the low education percentage of the population, the greater the homicidal tendency, and the greater the rental housing percentage, the greater the homicidal tendency in the SHR.ConclusionThe results are consistent with a stream of previous research that connects deprivation with a relatively high probability for disadvantaged populations to direct aggression outwardly in the form of homicide rather than inwardly in the form of suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.