bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese expert consensus on management of antifungal‐resistant dermatophytoses (2024 edition)
Authors: Liang Guanzhao , Li Xiaofang , Li Ruoyu , Wen Hai , Gu Jun , Ran Yuping , Xi Liyan , Li Fuqiu , Zhang Qiangqiang , Cao Cunwei , Feng Peiying , Fu Meng , Jiang Yanping , Li Shanshan , Liu Hongfang , Liu Zehu , Lv Xuelian , Abliz Paride , Pan Weihua , Sang Hong , She Xiaodong , Shi Dongmei , Tong Zhongsheng , Wang Aiping , Wang Ling , Xiao Yuanyuan , Yang Jie , Yang Lianjuan , Yu Jin , Zhan Ping , Zhang Siping , Zhang Yu , Zhu Hongmei , Zhu Min , Song Ge , Kong Xue , Liu Weida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntifungal‐resistant dermatophytes (ARD) infection is a hotspot issue in clinical microbiology and the dermatology field. Trichophyton indotineae as the dominant species of dermatophyte with terbinafine‐resistance or multidrug resistance, is easy to be missed detection clinically, which brings severe challenges to diagnosis and treatment. ARD infection cases have emerged in China, and it predicts a risk of transmission among human. Based on the existing medical evidence and research data, the Mycology Group of Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology and Chinese Antifungal⁃Resistant Dermatophytoses Expert Consensus Group organized experts to make consensus on the management of the infection. Here, the consensus formulated diagnosis and treatment recommendations, to raise attention to dermatophytes drug resistance problem, and expect to provide reference information for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control.
Quantifying the Photosynthetic Quantum Yield of Ultraviolet‐A1 Radiation
Authors: Sun Xuguang , Kaiser Elias , Zhang Yuqi , Marcelis Leo F. M. , Li Tao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough it powers photosynthesis, ultraviolet‐A1 radiation (UV‐A1) is usually not defined as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). However, the quantum yield (QY) with which UV‐A1 drives net photosynthesis rate (A) is unknown, as are the kinetics of A and chlorophyll fluorescence under constant UV‐A1 exposure. We measured A in leaves of six genotypes at four spectra peaking at 365, 385, 410 and 450 nm, at intensities spanning 0–300 μmol m s−1. All treatments powered near‐linear increases in A in a wavelength‐dependent manner. QY at 365 and 385 nm was linked to the apparent concentration of flavonoids, implicating the pigment in reductions of photosynthetic efficiency under UV‐A1; in several genotypes, A under 365 and 385 nm was negative regardless of illumination intensity, suggesting very small contributions of UV‐A1 radiation to CO2 fixation. Exposure to treatment spectra for 30 min caused slow increases in nonphotochemical quenching, transient reductions in A and dark‐adapted maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, that depended on wavelength and intensity, but were generally stronger the lower the peak wavelength was. We conclude that UV‐A1 generally powers A, but its definition as PAR requires additional evidence of its capacity to significantly increase whole‐canopy carbon uptake in nature.
A dynamic pythagorean exponent: Applications to baseball and structural modeling in risk management
Authors: Cohen Albert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe famous Pythagorean theorem relating a team's winning percentage over a season to it's total runs scored and surrendered has been the subject of much attention, in both popular culture and academia. In academia, a main focus has been to find the optimal value for the exponent in the formula, originally taken to be 2 in Bill James' work. The optimal value has been obtained in many published works via regression or other statistical estimation techniques, and calibrated to various sports to reflect the type of play in each sport. In this short article, we borrow from ideas in quantitative finance and risk management to estimate the distribution of these Pythagorean exponents, viewing them as random variables that can evolve over time. We carry out our analysis in a manner similar to that of implied volatility from the Black‐Scholes formula. We present the result of our analysis of 150 years of team data via the Lahman package in R, and also provide dynamic models for an evolving measure of the Pythagorean exponent. This includes suggestions for modeling credit default as well as contract valuation in sports via macro variables in connection with historically implied parameters.
Building a successful transplant research center: Blueprints and barriers
Authors: Durand Christine M. , Prizzi Michelle , Sung Hannah , Kates Olivia S. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Karaba Andrew H. , Werbel William A. , Baddley John W. , Permpalung Nitipong , King Elizabeth , Warren Daniel , Ostrander Darin , Brown Diane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA successful multidisciplinary research center depends on the quality of the science being conducted and the quality of the center's design, culture, infrastructure, and institutional support. In this perspective, we describe our experience building and maintaining a multidisciplinary transplant research center with a large focus on transplant infectious diseases. We identify principles that we believe contributed to our success including: taking inventory, defining culture, creating a multidisciplinary shared leadership model, establishing expertise in a multiple method approach, investing in operations and management, building and sharing resources, and securing institutional support. We share our experience putting these principles into practice and highlight potential roadblocks.
Fault-Tolerant Decentralized Control for Large-Scale Inverter-Based Resources for Active Power Tracking
Authors: Vedula Satish , Olajube Ayobami , Moses Anubi Olugbenga 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) which lack the intrinsic characteristics such as the inertial response of the traditional synchronous-generator (SG)-based sources presents a new challenge in the form of analyzing the grid stability under their presence. While the dynamic composition of IBRs differs from that of the SGs, the control objective remains similar in terms of tracking the desired active power. This letter presents a decentralized primal-dual-based fault-tolerant control framework for the power allocation in IBRs. Overall, a hierarchical control algorithm is developed with a lower level addressing the current control and the parameter estimation for the IBRs and the higher level acting as the reference power generator to the low level based on the desired active power profile. The decentralized network-based algorithm adaptively splits the desired power between the IBRs taking into consideration the health of the IBRs transmission lines. The proposed framework is tested through a simulation on the network of IBRs and the high-level controller performance is compared against the existing framework in the literature. The proposed algorithm shows significant performance improvement in the magnitude of power deviation and settling time to the nominal value under faulty conditions as compared to the algorithm in the literature.
Estimating the Values of the PDE Model Parameters of Rechargeable Lithium-Metal Battery Cells Using Linear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Hileman Wesley A. , Trimboli M. Scott , Plett Gregory L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We introduce a partial differential equation model for rechargeable lithium-metal battery (LMB) cells whose parameter values are fully identifiable from cell-level experiments. From this model, we formulate a computationally tractable transfer function (TF) model for use within optimization loops. A strategy is proposed for regressing the TF model to cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements to estimate parameter values. We validate the regression using a synthetic dataset before application to a single-layer LMB pouch cell. The voltage root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the fully identified model’s predictions and laboratory measurements is about 4 mV for a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) profile. We provide MATLAB code to simulate the model in comsol, compute cell impedance from the TF model, and perform model regression.
Toward Low Nox Emissions Performance of a 65-kW Recuperated Gas Turbine Operated on 100% Hydrogen
Authors: Villatoro Walther , Slope John , McDonell Vincent , Hu Ray , Steele Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work supports the development of a low NOx emission 65 kW natural gas turbine capable of operating on 100% hydrogen. This gas turbine has been demonstrated to operate from cold start to full load on up to 30% hydrogen mixed into natural gas with single digit ppm NOx emissions. To reach operation on 100% hydrogen, injectors specifically designed to (1) avoid challenges with flashback and (2) be field retrofittable were developed and tested. The injectors must be designed to prevent flashback while having a high degree of mixing coupled with fuel lean operation to achieve desired low NOx emissions. Successful operation of the engine from cold start to full load on 100% hydrogen was demonstrated. With the successful demonstration of operability, the new injectors serve as a starting point to improve the turbine performance and emissions when operated on hydrogen. To support the development, a chemical reactor network (CRN) is used in conjunction with experimental injector mixing characterization. The CRN analysis predicts NOx using perfectly stirred reactors (PSR). A strategy to account for variation in mixing performance was developed and utilized with the CRN to connect NOx emissions to the injector mixing performance. Fuel concentration profiles produced by different injector designs were measured and the CRN model was used to infer the effects on NOx emission. The CRN model was validated/tuned using measured NOx emissions data from two combustion liners and two injector designs and the corresponding measured injector fuel distributions. The results illustrate how NOx emissions are directly influenced by local fuel rich regions found at the injector outlet. The CRN model can thus be used to screen injector designs and infer NOx performance and will be used to guide the development of injectors for hydrogen that can attain desired fuel distributions, concentrations, and velocities. The results affirm the direction needed to attain improved mixing and to operate at overall leaner conditions made possible by the stabilizing features inherent to hydrogen..
Experimental Investigation Into Combined Fluctuating Airflow and Mist Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Younes Jaafar , Ghaddar Nesreen , Ghali Kamel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of fluctuating flows to enhance mist evaporation — a dimension that has not been systematically investigated in prior research. Controlled wind tunnel experiments were conducted to explore the influence of fluctuating airflow in comparison to constant airflow on misting processes. The outcomes unveiled that mist-cooled flows subjected to fluctuating airflow exhibited lower temperatures and higher humidity values compared to those under constant airflow at a steady state. At an average velocity of 2 m/s, the humidity ratio of the flow rose from 8.4 g/Kg to 8.9 g/Kg under constant airflow, and further increased to 9.1 g/Kg with fluctuating airflow. Similarly, at an average velocity of 3 m/s, the humidity ratio increased from 8.3 g/Kg without misting to 9.3 g/Kg and 9.8 g/Kg for constant and fluctuating airflows, respectively. These findings strongly suggest an increase in the total evaporation rate of misted water. Potential factors contributing to this enhancement may encompass increased flow instability, augmented turbulence, and enhanced mixing. The dataset generated through this study can serve as a validation resource for computational fluid dynamics models, which are essential for analyzing the intermediate factors responsible for the observed enhancements and performing parametric assessments.
Liquid Cooling of Li-Ion Cells Based on a Constructal Canopy-To-Canopy Approach
Authors: Gungor Sahin , Cetkin Erdal , Lorente Sylvie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While many countries ambition to transition to clean energy, challenges appear related to the new developed technologies. This is particularly the case when it comes to electric vehicles and their batteries. The technology of the latter is based on Lithium-ion electrochemical reactions. During the batteries discharge, the electrochemical reactions are exothermic, and they are endothermic during the charging phase. The large change in temperature threatens the life duration of the batteries, and when combined to other factors, their safety. Therefore, the thermal management of the electric vehicle battery pack is a critical aspect that requires specific attention.
In this paper, we present the work conducted by our group on thermally efficient solutions for maintaining the battery cells within the temperature range expected by manufacturers. The thermal management solution consists in inserting between the battery cells a constructal-based liquid cooling system. Such systems are called canopy-to-canopy architectures. The cooling fluid is driven from a trunk channel to perpendicular branches that make the tree canopy. An opposite tree collects the liquid in such a way that the two trees match canopy-to-canopy. The results indicate that such configurations allow to extract most of the non-uniformly generated heat by the battery cell during the discharging phase, while using a small mass flow rate. Furthermore, the configuration with 5 branches appears to be the one with high thermal efficiency and low pumping power.
Alternative Design of Heat Exchange Systems Improves Power Plant Safety, Operability, Reliability, Cycle Efficiency, and Economics
Authors: Huntington Richard , Starcher Loren , Bradham Susan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Powerful Heat Transfer Solutions™ has developed a novel heat exchange system for emerging nuclear and concentrated solar power plants that is safer, more reliable, and more efficient than current practice. It leverages existing, proven technologies to create a single heat transfer system that replaces multiple heat exchangers arranged in parallel to achieve the same scale. This system unlocks the higher plant efficiencies and economies of advanced supercritical steam plant designs. A major benefit of this system is that it completely isolates the high-temperature, high-pressure power cycle fluids (e.g., steam) from potentially reactive high-temperature heat transfer fluids (e.g., liquid metals) using a non-reactive intermediate heat transfer fluid (e.g., air, nitrogen). The separation improves safety and provides flexibility to cost-effectively balance hot-side and cold-side heat transfer designs. Unlike conventional heat exchangers, this system can independently optimize alloy selections, pressure ratings, and heat transfer coil sizes for each service (e.g., steam, liquid metals). As a result, power cycle pressures and temperatures are not limited by heat transfer fluids, heat exchanger designs, or tube leakage concerns. This design offers significant advantages in plant safety, efficiency, availability, reliability, and operational flexibility. It will improve overall power plant economics and decrease the levelized cost of electricity.
Modeling Microwave-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Infiltration Process for Preventing Premature Pore Closure
Authors: Ge Wenjun , Ramanuj Vimal , Li Mengnan , Sankaran Ramanan , She Ying , Dardas Zissis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process involves infiltrating a porous preform with reacting gases that undergo chemical transformation at high temperatures to deposit the ceramic phase within the pores, ultimately leading to a dense composite. The conventional CVI process in composite manufacturing needs to follow an isothermal approach to minimize temperature differences between the external and internal surfaces of the preform, ensuring that reactive gases infiltrate internal pores before external surfaces seal. This study addresses the challenge of premature pore closure in CVI processes through microwave heating. A frequency-domain microwave solver is developed in Open-FOAM to investigate volumetric heating mechanisms within the preform. Through numerical studies, we demonstrate the capability of microwave heating of creating an inside-out temperature inversion. This inversion accelerates reactions proximal to the preform center, effectively mitigating the risk of premature external pore closure and ensuring uniform densification. The results reveal a significant enhancement in temperature inversion when high-permittivity reflectors are incorporated to generate resonant waves. This microwave heating strategy is then coupled with high-fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS) of reacting flow, enabling the analysis of resulting densification processes. The DNS simulation includes detailed chemistry and realistic diffusion coefficients. The numerical results can be used to estimate the impact of microwave-induced temperature inversion on densification in productions.
Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Thermal Transport in Liquid Hydrogen Tanks
Authors: Owens Charles Abdol-Hamid , Park Hoyeon , Flores Robert Joseph , Wentlent Luke , Brouwer Jack , Lee Jaeho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen is an element that can be stored via phase change through compression or liquification by varying temperature and pressure, or through physical or chemical bonding. This study provides a closed-form transient temperature model of a spherical liquid hydrogen storage tank heated over time with validation provided by a numerical model. The analytical temperature model couples the lumped capacitance approach with the transient heat equation, and the analytical thermal diffusivity model for the hollow glass bubble (HGB) insulation uses a combination of the effective medium theory (EMT), Parallel, and Series models. In the numerical model, the Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the transient energy and Navier-stokes equations to assess the effectiveness of the insulation. For the thermal conductivity model, as the wall thickness of the individual HGBs increases from 0.5μm to 50μm, the effective thermal conductivity of the insulation increases from 0.01W · m−1K−1 to 0.41W · m−1K−1. For a constant surface temperature from 280K to 320K, the numerical model illustrates that the time to critical point τ decreases from τ ≈ 60days to τ ≈ 41days. When the analytical model is iterated to the same τ at each surface temperature, the critical temperature TC is located radially at approximately 7.88m, rather than 7.85m, illustrating the limitations of the analytical model. An insulation design space relates the different thermal conductivity k and volumetric heat capacity ρCp values for the insulation at the critical pressure to find the corresponding τ. A power series relationship is found from the insulation design space for the critical time τ as a function of k and ρCp.
Flow Measurement Through Machine Learning: A Novel Non-Intrusive Volumetric Flow Meter
Authors: da Silva Ramon Peruchi Pacheco , Samadi Forooza , Woodbury Keith , Carpenter Joseph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An innovative non-intrusive flow meter was designed for the water flow measurement at ambient temperature under steady-state conditions [1]. This paper aims to possibly expand the designed flow meter to cover a wider range of flow rates. In this regard, the most accurate machine learning model for predicting volumetric flow rates using the previously designed flow meter will is identified, and the achieved resolution, degree of uncertainty, cost considerations, and flow range capabilities of this novel flow meter will be benchmarked against an existing non-intrusive flow meter currently available in the market. The device features a band heater positioned outside of the pipe, complemented by two thermocouples that monitor the outer wall’s temperature. The procedure involves activating the band heater for 60 seconds, followed by deactivation and the recording of temperatures over the subsequent 120 seconds. Multiple tests are conducted for each mass flow rate, ranging from 8.5 GPM to 40 GPM. Arduino-based data collection is employed to record the temperature response for the system. Statistically, three temperature parameters are evaluated: maximum temperature, average temperature differences during heating, and average temperature differences during cooling. Regression learner methods are utilized to establish correlations between volumetric flow rates and temperature parameters.
Fast Cooling Technology for Sample Stick in Top Loading Cryostats
Authors: Zou An , Davis Reese , Winters Dennis , Carlson David , Adhikari Daksh , Radyjowski Patryk , Chen Chien-Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cryostats are essentially important sample environments for low-temperature neutron scattering experiments. They are primarily used to investigate materials of interest, i.e., samples of crystalline solids or powders, at temperatures below 100K. Dry cryostats, where the samples are cooled by helium exchange gas, are favored due to their simple operation, low maintenance, and, most importantly, moderate usage of progressively more expensive helium. However, samples in dry cryostats usually take almost two hours to cool from room temperature to ∼80 K, causing time-consuming changeover delays. Since neutron scattering experiments are usually conducted under strict time restraints at large-scale user facilities, maximizing instrument time utilization is of great significance. A novel sample stick with an embedded liquid nitrogen transport line is presented and shown to achieve improved cooling performance by involving the boiling of liquid nitrogen. The preliminary experiments demonstrate a cooling time of &lt; 2 min, compared to ∼2 hr for a typical dry cryostat.