bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: I. Development and Description of the Pause Marker
Authors: Shriberg Lawrence D. , Strand Edythe A. , Fourakis Marios , Jakielski Kathy J. , Hall Sheryl D. , Karlsson Heather B. , Mabie Heather L. , McSweeny Jane L. , Tilkens Christie M. , Wilson David L. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The goal of this article (PM I) is to describe the rationale for and development of the Pause Marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.

Method
The authors describe and prioritize 7 criteria with which to evaluate the research and clinical utility of a diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech, including evaluation of the present proposal. An overview is given of the Speech Disorders Classification System, including extensions completed in the same approximately 3-year period in which the PM was developed.

Results
The finalized Speech Disorders Classification System includes a nosology and cross-classification procedures for childhood and persistent speech disorders and motor speech disorders (Shriberg, Strand, & Mabie, 2017). A PM is developed that provides procedural and scoring information, and citations to papers and technical reports that include audio exemplars of the PM and reference data used to standardize PM scores are provided.

Conclusions
The PM described here is an acoustic-aided perceptual sign that quantifies one aspect of speech precision in the linguistic domain of phrasing. This diagnostic marker can be used to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.
Processing of Acoustic Cues in Lexical-Tone Identification by Pediatric Cochlear-Implant Recipients
Authors: Peng Shu-Chen , Lu Hui-Ping , Lu Nelson , Lin Yung-Song , Deroche Mickael L. D. , Chatterjee Monita 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The objective was to investigate acoustic cue processing in lexical-tone recognition by pediatric cochlear-implant (CI) recipients who are native Mandarin speakers.

Method

Lexical-tone recognition was assessed in pediatric CI recipients and listeners with normal hearing (NH) in 2 tasks. In Task 1, participants identified naturally uttered words that were contrastive in lexical tones. For Task 2, a disyllabic word (
yanjing
) was manipulated orthogonally, varying in fundamental-frequency (F0) contours and duration patterns. Participants identified each token with the second syllable
jing
pronounced with Tone 1 (a high level tone) as
eyes
or with Tone 4 (a high falling tone) as
eyeglasses.

Results
CI participants' recognition accuracy was significantly lower than NH listeners' in Task 1. In Task 2, CI participants' reliance on F0 contours was significantly less than that of NH listeners; their reliance on duration patterns, however, was significantly higher than that of NH listeners. Both CI and NH listeners' performance in Task 1 was significantly correlated with their reliance on F0 contours in Task 2.

Conclusion
For pediatric CI recipients, lexical-tone recognition using naturally uttered words is primarily related to their reliance on F0 contours, although duration patterns may be used as an additional cue.
Enolizable Alkylidene Heterocyclic and Carbocyclic Carbonyl Systems­: Valuable Vinylogous Donor Substrates in Synthesis
Authors: Battistini Lucia , Curti Claudio , Rassu Gloria , Sartori Andrea , Zanardi Franca 
Published: April 2017

Controlled vinylogous carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions are useful options for providing the selective remote functionalization of conjugated carbonyl substrates. Remotely enolizable alkylidene heterocyclic and carbocyclic carbonyl compounds are pro-nucleophilic substrates that may be engaged in highly valuable chemical transformations. This review emphasizes the merits of these recently discovered vinylogous donors in the chemo-, regio- and stereoselective synthesis of many functionality-rich products.1	Introduction2	Alkylidene Oxindoles3	Alkylidene Pyrazolinones4	Alkylidene Furanones5	Alkylidene Azlactones6	Cycloalkylidene Carbonyl Compounds7	Alkylidene Indenones8	Cycloalkylidene Malononitriles9	Conclusion
Rhinoplasty Results Are Influenced by Non-nasal Features
Authors: Wang Frederick , Xu Ginger , Gruber Ronald 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRhinoplasty results are evaluated both objectively and subjectively following any procedure by plastic surgeons and nonplastic surgeons at meetings, in publications, and online. We aim to evaluate whether subjective aesthetics of non-nasal features, such as the eyes and lips, would influence the overall evaluation of rhinoplasty results. We matched pairs of photographs of patients who had undergone aesthetic rhinoplasty by sex, age, and skin tone. We transferred the eyes/eyebrows and lips from the photographs of the donor patient onto the photographs of the original patient to create composite photographs. Plastic surgeons were asked to rate the rhinoplasty results objectively, and non-plastic surgeons were asked to rate the overall attractiveness of 16 sets of photographs (8 originals and 8 composites). Postoperative photographs that were deemed to be more attractive were associated with higher ratings of rhinoplasty improvement. The objective nasal result may be influenced by non-nasal aesthetic factors as rhinoplasty surgeons gave higher ratings to more attractive faces. Greater emphasis on neutralizing non-nasal factors in pre- and postoperative photographs should be considered.
Correcting Deviations of the Lower Third of the Nose
Authors: Moubayed Sami , Most Sam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBy convention, a “deviated nose” is one in which the lower third is asymmetric with regard to the midline. The lower third of the nose is composed of the lower cartilages, as well as the dorsal and caudal nasal septum. Not only does the deviated nose cause a cosmetic deformity that is often disconcerting for patients, but it may also be associated with functional problems. Airway obstruction may result from a narrowed internal nasal valve in the middle third or from a deviated caudal septum in the lower third. The most common deviation involves both the middle and lower thirds and often requires addressing the underlying dorsal and caudal septum. The most effective technique to correct this type of deviation is the principle of extracorporeal septoplasty, either the traditional or modified, such as the anterior septal reconstruction (ASR) technique combined with the clocking suture. An isolated middle third deviation may be treated with a camouflage graft or a unilateral spreader graft. An isolated lower third deviation involving the septum should be treated with ASR. When an isolated lower third deviation only involves the lower cartilages, it may be corrected using suture techniques, cartilage division techniques, or grafting.
Treating the Deviated or Wide Nasal Dorsum
Authors: Davis Richard , Foulad Allen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBoth deviation and excessive width of the nasal dorsum result in conspicuous facial disharmony and are often attended by nasal airway dysfunction. Whether the result of developmental growth disturbances, nasal trauma, failed nasal surgery, or combinations therein, deviation and splaying of the nasal dorsum can be exceedingly difficult to treat. Individualized treatment is paramount because contour variations are seemingly endless, and a careful preoperative assessment of the anatomic, physiologic, cosmetic, and psychosocial factors that characterize the deformity is necessary to devise an effective patient-specific treatment plan. Ensuring the linearity, strength, alignment, and aesthetically pleasing profile dimensions of the nasal L-strut is the requisite first step in successful treatment. Releasing all deformed components in a controlled and precise manner using powered instrumentation (whenever possible) to facilitate minimally traumatic and effective repositioning, followed by structural reconstitution of the skeletal framework using autologous graft materials, and then consolidation of the newly created construct with suture fixation completes the transformation to normalcy. Paying equal attention to both cosmetic and functional wellness, while simultaneously seeking to maximize structural stability, serves to optimize the final outcome.
Efficacy and Safety of Artiss Fibrin Tissue Sealant Use in Rhytidectomy: A Review of 120 Cases
Authors: Yamamoto Kyle , DeJoseph Louis 
Published: April 2017

Hematoma formation has persisted as the most common complication in rhytidectomy. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of Artiss (Baxter) for use in rhytidectomies. In addition, we determine the use of fibrin tissue sealants by facial plastic surgeons. In this retrospective chart review, 120 patients in a single private practice were identified who underwent a rhytidectomy from August 2013 to January 2015 by a single facial plastic surgeon. The last 60 rhytidectomies performed with Tisseel (Baxter) were compared with the first 60 rhytidectomies performed with Artiss.All perioperative or postoperative complications were identified and recorded, focusing on the incidence of hematoma. In addition, a six-question survey was created and sent to all members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Results of the survey were recorded and analyzed for trends or patterns in the data. In total, 120 patients were assessed. In the Tisseel group, two complications of fluid collection requiring needle aspiration were recorded. No other complications were found. In the Artiss group, 10 complications were recorded, including 9 fluid collections requiring needle aspiration and 1 hematoma. In total, 179 members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery completed the six-question survey. Of all respondents, 61 (34%) use tissue sealants for rhytidectomies, whereas 118 (66%) do not. Artiss is efficacious and safe for use in rhytidectomies. Its use obviates the need for surgical drains, and complications are minimal and similar in rate to the use of Tisseel.
Liver Cancer Emergence Associated with Antiviral Treatment: An Immune Surveillance Failure?
Authors: Boix Loreto , Mariño Zoe , Torres Ferran , Forns Xavier , Bruix Jordi , Reig María 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe availability of new direct antiviral agents to safely and effectively treat the hepatitis C virus represents a major advancement in the field of liver disease. Most patients achieve complete viral eradication sustained over time. In addition, the administration of these new agents is safe and does not require limitations when liver function is impaired. Some now expect the hepatitis C virus to be completely eradicated in a few years. However, not all data are positive. In April 2016, we published a cohort study suggesting that viral eradication with the new agents could be associated in time with the emergence of recurrent cancer sites in patients previously treated for hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we update our report and summarize the data provided in recent publications. We also speculate about the mechanisms for cancer emergence and stress the need for further studies.
Maternal Income during Pregnancy is Associated with Chronic Placental Inflammation at Birth
Authors: Keenan-Devlin Lauren , Ernst Linda , Ross Kharah , Qadir Sameen , Grobman William , Holl Jane , Crockett Amy , Miller Gregory , Borders Ann 
Published: April 2017

Objective This study aims to examine whether maternal household income is associated with histological evidence of chronic placental inflammation.
Study Design A total of 152 participants completed surveys of household income and consented to placenta collection at delivery and postpartum chart review for birth outcomes. Placental inflammatory lesions were evaluated via histological examination of the membranes, basal plate, and villous parenchyma by a single, experienced pathologist. Associations between household income and the presence of inflammatory lesions were adjusted for known perinatal risk factors.
Results Overall, 45% of participants reporting household income below $30,000/y had chronic placental inflammation, compared with 25% of participants reporting income above $100,000 annually (odds ratio [OR] = 4.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25, 14.28; p = 0.02). Middle-income groups showed intermediate rates of chronic inflammatory lesions, at 40% for those reporting $30,000 and 50,000 (OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.05, 12.53; p = 0.04) and 38% for those reporting $50,000 to 100,000 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.60, 4.14; p = 0.36). Results remained significant after adjustment for maternal age, race, and marital status.
Conclusion Chronic placental inflammation is associated with maternal household income. Greater occurrence of placental lesions in low-income mothers may arise from a systemic inflammatory response to social and physical environmental factors.
High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Autonomic Modulation: Effects of Different Volume Sessions
Authors: Castrillón Carlos Iván Mesa , Miranda Rodolfo Augusto Travagin , Cabral-Santos Carolina , Vanzella Lais Manata , Rodrigues Bruno , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques , Lira Fábio , Campos Eduardo Zapaterra 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) recovery after 2 sessions of high-intensity intermittent exercise at different volumes (1.25 km [HIIE1.25] and 2.5 km [HIIE2.5]). 13 participants determined their maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and completed 2 HIIE (1:1 at 100% MAS) trials. The heart rate was recorded before and after each session. HRV indicators were calculated according to time (RMSSD and SDNN) and frequency (LF, HF and LF/HF ratio) domains. SDNN and RMSSD presented effect of test (F=20.97; p<0.01 and F=21.00; p<0.01, respectively) and moment (F=6.76; p<0.01 and F=12.30; p<0.01, respectively), without interaction. Even though we did not find an interaction effect for any HRV variables, the HIIE2.5 presented a delay of only 5 min in HRV recovery, when compared to HIIE1.25. However, the effects of the test (SDNN, RMSSD, LF-log, and HF-log) indicate higher autonomic stress during the entire recovery period. These findings may indicate that exercise volume interferes with HRV recovery. If so, physically active subjects may choose a lower volume exercise (i. e., HIIE1.25) in order to promote similar physical fitness adaptations with lower loading on autonomic modulation.
Effects of Hypertrophy Exercise in Bone Turnover Markers and Structure in Growing Male Rats
Authors: Nebot Elena , Aparicio Virginia , Pietschmann Peter , Camiletti-Moirón Daniel , Kapravelou Garyfallia , Erben Reinhold , Martínez Rosario , Sánchez-González Cristina , Porres Jesús , Llopis Juan , López-Jurado María , Aranda Pilar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe benefits of exercise on bone density, structure and turnover markers are rather controversial. The present study aimed to examine the effects of hypertrophy exercise (HE) on bone. 20 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 2 experimental groups, one performing HE and the other untrained over 12 weeks. Plasma parameters, bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD), structure, and trabecular and cortical microarchitecture were measured. Femur Mg content was 12% higher (p<0.001), whereas femur length, dry weight, P content, and aminoterminal propeptides of type I procollagen were lower in the HE group (all, p<0.05). Total BMD and cortical/subcortical BMD were higher (both, p<0.01), whereas total cross-sectional and trabecular areas were lower (both, p<0.001), and cortical area and thickness were lower in the HE (both, p<0.05). Trabecular connectivity density, number, mean density of total and bone volume were higher in the HE (all, p<0.05). Cortical volume fraction and the mean density of total volume of the diaphysis were lower, whereas the cortical volume density was higher in the HE (all, p<0.05). This HE protocol may have beneficial effect on cancellous bone microarchitecture, but it induces low bone formation and is associated with hypogonadism in growing male rats. However, this type of training might be inefficient to maintain appropriate cortical thickness.
NMO Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Pfeuffer Steffen , Strippel Christine , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) represent a rare subset of chronic-inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Despite heterogeneities in disease activity, there is a higher degree of disability accumulation in NMOSD patients compared to MS patients. According to the revised diagnostic criteria, a recommendation was made to abandon the term NMO and to summarize these conditions as NMOSD. Clinical presentation of NMOSD patients in most cases is optic neuritis and transverse myelitis but nevertheless, NMOSD can affect most parts of the central nervous system (e. g. brainstem and hypothalamus). Originally characterized as AQP4-antibody-dependent disease, it has recently been discussed whether conditions with presence of antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) belong to the family of NMOSD. Due to the severity of the disease with often devastating relapses, systematic therapy is necessary. Usually, immunosuppressants or monoclonal antibodies with anti-inflammatory properties are used. Recently, four substances entered clinical testing for treatment of NMOSD.
Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)
Authors: Kaiser Reinhard , Archelos-Garcia Juan-Jose , Jilg Wolfgang , Rauer Sebastian , Sturzenegger Mathias 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an acute inflammation of the nervous system caused by a virus of the same name. Reservoirs for the TBE viruses are small rodents of the forest and meadows and rarely also goats, which explains the spatial limitation to endemic areas ("natural foci"). TBE virus is transmitted mainly by ticks, but occasionally also by products from non-pasteurized goat's milk. Infections can occur throughout the year, but most of the diseases present during the high summer months. More than 90% of infections occur during leisure time. However, it is a typical occupational disease for farmers and foresters. In approximately 70% of the patients, TBE manifests itself with a two-phase fever course.After an incubation period of 5–28 days, the patients first develop a general feeling of illness, headaches and fever (prodromal phase). After a temporary improvement, a new episode of fever marks the beginning of the second phase of the disease a few days later. This is manifested in about 50% of the cases as isolated meningitis, in 40% as meningoencephalitis and in 10% as meningoencephalomyelitis. Frequently, there are quantitative and qualitative disturbances of consciousness and ataxia. The early onset of swallowing and speech disturbances, paralysis of the facial and throat muscles as well as the need for assisted ventilation indicates an unfavorable prognosis. In children and adolescents, TBE is often unspecific with the symptoms of a flu infection and thus more benign than in adults. With age, not only the course is more serious, but also the number of residual deficits increases.The diagnosis is based on history with stays in a risk area, the neurological symptoms with marked impairment of the general condition, the demonstration of TBE-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood and a pleocytosis in the CSF. No specific treatment for TBE is known so far, but TBE can be successfully prevented by active immunization. Vaccination is recommended for all persons who stay repeatedly in a risk area.
Proteomanalyse: Neue Wege zur verbesserten Behandlung der diabetischen Nephropathie
Authors: Drube Jens , Zürbig Petra , Beige Joachim , Mischak Harald , Jankowski Joachim 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungChronische Nierenerkrankungen sind gekennzeichnet durch einen langsam fortschreitenden Verlust der Nierenfunktion, der schließlich zum Nierenversagen führt. Betroffene Patienten benötigen im Endstadium eine Nierenersatztherapie in Form der Dialyse und/oder Nierentransplantation mit erheblichen Konsequenzen sowohl für Mortalität als auch für die Lebensqualität der Patienten. Da die Prävalenz des Diabetes kontinuierlich deutlich steigt, nimmt gegenwärtig die diabetische Nephropathie (DN) als Dialyseursache zahlenmäßig den höchsten Rang ein. Die individuelle Behandlung der DN sowie der resultierenden kardiovaskulären Komplikationen in der frühen und damit einer Therapie zugänglichen Erkrankungsphase ist derzeit deutlich erschwert, da es an einer effektiven, nichtinvasiven, validen Routinediagnostik dieser Patienten mangelt. Die derzeit verwendeten Marker Serum-Kreatinin/eGFR und Albumin im Urin sind geeignet, um die DN in späteren Stadien abzubilden, jedoch sind sie von geringer Aussagekraft in der Erkennung von frühen Stadien. Eine neue diagnostische Methode ist die Analyse des Proteoms, der Gesamtheit aller Proteine und Peptide. Die Proteomanalyse hat die Identifikation von 273 Biomarkern im Urin zur Diagnostik chronischer Nierenerkrankungen ermöglicht. Ein auf diesen Biomarkern beruhender Klassifikator, CKD273, ermöglicht eine im Verhältnis zu den derzeit verwendeten Biomarkern signifikant bessere Identifizierung der DN. Die Daten zeigen vor allem eine Verbesserung der Früherkennung und Prognostik. Dies ermöglicht eine frühzeitige und gezielte Therapie und damit eine wesentlich verbesserte Option den fortschreitenden Verlust der Nierenfunktion aufzuhalten.
Critical Evaluation of NIR and ATR-IR Spectroscopic Quantifications of Rosmarinic Acid in Rosmarini folium Supported by Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Kirchler Christian , Pezzei Cornelia , Beć Krzysztof , Henn Raphael , Ishigaki Mika , Ozaki Yukihiro , Huck Christian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluates the analytical performance of near infrared as well as attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy for the determination of the rosmarinic acid content in Rosmarini folium. Therefore, the recorded near infrared and attenuated total reflection infrared spectra of 42 milled Rosmarini folium samples were correlated with reference data (range: 1.138–2.199 rosmarinic acid %) obtained by HPLC analysis. Partial least squares regression models were established as a quantitative multivariate data analysis tool. Evaluation via full cross-validation and test set validation resulted in comparable performances for both techniques: near infrared [coefficient of determination: 0.90 (test set validation); standard error of cross-validation: 0.060 rosmarinic acid %; standard error of prediction: 0.058 rosmarinic acid %] and attenuated total reflection infrared [coefficient of determination: 0.91 (test set validation); standard error of cross-validation: 0.063 rosmarinic acid %; standard error of prediction: 0.060 rosmarinic acid %]. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations were applied to obtain a theoretical infrared spectrum of rosmarinic acid. Good agreement to the spectrum of pure rosmarinic acid was achieved in the lower wavenumber region, whereas the higher wavenumber region showed less compliance. The knowledge of the vibrational modes of rosmarinic acid was used for the association with the high values of the regression coefficient plots of the established partial least squares regression models.