bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate starvation: a novel signal that triggers ESX‐5 secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Elliott Sarah R. , Tischler Anna D. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis uses the Type VII ESX secretion systems to transport proteins across its complex cell wall. ESX‐5 has been implicated in M. tuberculosis virulence, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling ESX‐5 secretion were unknown. Here we uncover a link between ESX‐5 and the Pst/SenX3–RegX3 system that controls gene expression in response to phosphate availability. The DNA‐binding response regulator RegX3 is normally activated by phosphate limitation. Deletion of pstA1, which encodes a Pst phosphate uptake system component, causes constitutive activation of RegX3. A ΔpstA1 mutant exhibited RegX3–dependent overexpression of esx‐5 genes and hyper‐secretion of the ESX‐5 substrates EsxN and PPE41 when the bacteria were grown in phosphate‐rich medium. In wild‐type M. tuberculosis, phosphate limitation activated esx‐5 transcription and secretion of both EsxN and PPE41, and this response required RegX3. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that RegX3 binds directly to a promoter within the esx‐5 locus. Remarkably, phosphate limitation also induced secretion of EsxB, an effector of the virulence‐associated ESX‐1 secretion system, though this induction was RegX3 independent. Our work demonstrates that the Pst/SenX3–RegX3 system directly regulates ESX‐5 secretion at the transcriptional level in response to phosphate availability and defines phosphate limitation as an environmental signal that activates ESX‐5 secretion.
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a case report with characteristics of long‐term progression
Authors: García‐Delaney C. , Vidal‐Bel A. , Sánchez‐Garcés Mª.Á. , Gay‐Escoda C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionProliferative verrucous leukoplakia is an uncommon but distinctive, precursor lesion of squamous cell carcinoma. Characteristic histological features are lacking and the diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical and histological findings showing progression of the lesion. The aetiology is unknown but the rates of malignancy and recurrence are high. It is a leukoplakic plaque located in a single site, which becomes multifocal, exophytic, verrucous and with erythematous areas over the clinical course of the lesion. The most commonly affected areas are the mucosas of the alveolar ridge and palate. Cases with locations in the tongue, lips and floor of the mouth have also been reported.Case reportWe here describe the clinical case of a 77‐year‐old woman who presented with a history of 5‐year duration of a painless and extensive mass involving the palate, the alveolar ridge of the first quadrant and the base of the maxillary labial vestibule, of a whitish‐yellowish colour, with erythematous areas and verrucous exophytic aspect. The lesion was diagnosed as compatible with verrucous leukoplakia with severe dysplasia and foci of squamous cell carcinoma on histological examination.DiscussionBased on a clear correlation between clinical features and histological findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. There is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria, as these lesions vary clinically and histologically during the clinical course, ranging from hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. For this reason, many proliferative verrucous leukoplakia are not diagnosed correctly and most of them may evolve into malignancy.
Asymmetric effects of adult nutrition on reproductive success of male and female Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)
Authors: Kant Rashmi , Minor Maria A. , Trewick Steve 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe role of diet supplements (honey, water or no supplements) on egg maturation, oviposition strategy and longevity of the parasitic wasp Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) is investigated. Parasitoids feed as larvae on hosts to acquire nutrition for growth and development, and further gain additional resources during their adult stage by feeding on either host or nonhost resources. The additional resources acquired by adults can help them to increase their reproductive activity or life expectancy, or both. Diaeretiella rapae females emerge with some developed eggs and no additional resources are required for egg maturation or successful oviposition. Females are able to oviposit and produce viable offspring immediately after emergence, and the number of eggs left in the ovaries of females decreases with subsequent oviposition, suggesting that ovigeny index of D. rapae is inclined towards pro‐ovigenic status. When unmated males and females are offered honey solution, females are attracted to it, whereas males display courtship and make mating attempts but then feed on honey after mating. The oviposition efficiency of female D. rapae increases by 30% when they feed on honey compared with when starved. Honey‐fed D. rapae adults live significantly longer (almost twice as long) than starved adults. Honey‐fed females deprived of hosts live longer than those offered hosts regularly. The positive effects of honey‐feeding on longevity are greater in females than in males. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the provision of additional resources to adult D. rapae parasitoids could enhance their life expectancy and parasitism efficiency in biological control programmes.
Reconsidering the Effect of Family Size on Labour Supply: the Twin Problems of The Twin Birth Instrument
Authors: Braakmann Nils , Wildman John 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe consider two econometric problems when investigating the effect of family size on labour market outcomes using the popular twin birth instrument. The first is the potential for omitted variable bias caused by the fact that fertility treatments are linked to twin births and are typically unobserved. We present estimates that are corrected for this bias and find that it is comparatively small. Second, we show that the effects of twin-birth-induced variation in family size, as well as characteristics of the compliers, varies substantially with time passed since birth, which has consequences for the interpretation of estimates across samples and time.
Psychosocial Factors and HIV Prevention for Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Pantalone David W. , Puckett Jae A. , Gunn Hamish A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe are more than 30 years into the HIV epidemic, and, although we have made many important scientific advances, there remains much to understand and implement to prevent new infections. The science of HIV prevention, although interdisciplinary, has relied heavily on psychological theories and research methods to address many key questions. In this paper, we briefly review some historical and epidemiologic considerations about the U.S. HIV epidemic and then present some key psychological concepts from HIV prevention. We make the case for continuing to focus efforts on gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, who represent the sociocultural group with the highest incidence and prevalence of HIV in the domestic epidemic. We present a summary of the research support for, and limitations of, the three major psychosocial models that predict HIV risk behaviors – the information–motivation–behavioral skills model, the minority stress model, and the syndemics framework. We discuss the use of these models in the development and testing of HIV prevention interventions and end by highlighting a few novel research areas, including bio‐behavioral approaches.
Motivational Factors in the Perception of Psychological Situation Characteristics
Authors: Rauthmann John F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article seeks to formulate how motivational factors underlie and contribute to situation perceptions. Specifically, it is proposed that situation perceptions, to a large extent, capture subjectively perceived “motivational presses”, consisting of motivational processes (What happens to one's needs and goals in the situation?) and motivational content (Which needs or goals does the situation concern?). Additionally, such a motivational perspective can be fruitfully equipped with evolutionary psychological theories on human (social) motives. Thus, it is argued that situation perception contains evolutionarily important information on motivational processes and content. An evolutionarily informed motivational perspective on situation perception is applied to the recently proposed Situational Eight DIAMONDS situation characteristics to provide them with a theoretical underpinning. Ultimately, such a framework can be used to better understand situations and person–situation transactions (i.e., how people experience and shape situations in daily life) that can impact well‐being, health, and personality development.
Human rabies in India: an audit from a rabies diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Mani Reeta Subramaniam , Anand Ashwini Manoor , Madhusudana Shampur Narayan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesRabies, an acute progressive encephalomyelitis, continues to be a serious public health problem in India and many other countries in Asia and Africa. The low level of commitment to rabies control is partly attributable to challenges in laboratory diagnosis and lack of adequate surveillance to indicate the disease burden. A laboratory audit of human rabies cases was undertaken to disseminate information on the clinical, demographic, prophylactic and most importantly the laboratory diagnostic aspects of rabies.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all clinically suspected human rabies cases, whose samples were received at a rabies diagnostic laboratory in South India in the last 3 years, was performed. Clinical and demographic details of patients were obtained. The clinical samples included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, saliva and nuchal skin biopsy collected antemortem, and brain tissue obtained post‐mortem. Various laboratory tests were performed for diagnosis.ResultsClinical samples from 128 patients with suspected rabies, from 11 states in India, were received for diagnostic confirmation. About 94% of the victims reported dog‐bites, more than a third of them were children and most of the victims did not receive adequate post‐exposure prophylaxis. Antemortem confirmation of rabies by a combination of laboratory diagnostic assays (detection of viral RNA in CSF, skin and saliva, and neutralising antibodies in CSF) could be achieved in 40.6%cases.ConclusionsIncreasing awareness about adequate post‐exposure prophylaxis, additional rabies diagnostic facilities, and enhanced human and animal rabies surveillance to indicate the true disease burden are essential to control this fatal disease.
Cutaneous adverse drug reaction in a dog associated with imepitoin
Authors: Royaux Emilie , Bhatti Sofie , De Cock Hilde , Van Ham Luc , Kitshoff Adriaan , Vandenabeele Sophie 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe macroscopic appearance of cutaneous adverse drug reactions can be similar to a plethora of skin diseases and in particular may resemble autoimmune and immune‐mediated disorders. The reaction can occur after single or multiple administrations, with the latter varying in durations of up to years of treatment. These reactions are mostly self‐limiting with cessation of the offending drug.ObjectivesTo report a cutaneous adverse drug reaction associated with chronic administration of imepitoin.Case reportA 4‐year‐old, Jack Russell terrier dog was presented with progressive skin lesions of 1‐week duration. The dog had a 6 month history of idiopathic epilepsy treated with imepitoin for the previous 5 months. Imepitoin is an anti‐epileptic drug that acts as a low‐affinity partial agonist of the benzodiazepine site at theGABAAreceptor. The dosage of imepitoin was increased from 20 mg/kg twice daily to 30 mg/kg twice daily, 3 days before the onset of skin lesions, due to uncontrolled seizures. [Correction added on 15 February 2016 after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the dosage of imepitoin was previously incorrect and has been amended in this current version.] Dermatological examination revealed erythema and exfoliation at the mucocutaneous junctions of the lips, lip folds, philtrum, ears, axillae and the ventral abdomen. Small erosions and depigmentation were visible on the oral mucosa, lip folds and philtrum. Histopathology was supportive of a lupoid drug reaction. Complete resolution of skin lesions was seen after discontinuation of imepitoin and low dose of prednisolone during a period of 4 weeks. No recrudescence of skin lesions was observed during a 6 month follow‐up period.Conclusion and clinical importanceImepitoin may result in cutaneous adverse drug reactions in dogs.
Sports Participation in Youth as a Predictor of Physical Activity: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Murphy Michelle Hardie , Rowe David Anthony , Woods Catherine B. 
Published: January 2016

Background:The contribution of sports related factors to predicting long-term physical activity (PA) are unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine tracking of PA during key transition periods in youth and to determine the longitudinal associations between sports club participation and PA.Methods:Participants (n = 873, baseline age 10 to 18 years) completed self-report surveys in 2009 and 2014 that included the PACE+ PA tool and sports club participation questions. Spearman correlations assessed PA tracking. ANCOVA analyses examined predictors (sports participation at baseline) of PA (follow-up), adjusting for (a) age and sex; and (b) age, sex, and baseline PA.Results:Tracking of PA was weak-to-moderate (ρ = .16 to .47). Greater sports participation frequency at baseline significantly predicted PA at follow-up (P < .01). Involvement in club sports at an elite level had a medium-to-large effect on PA levels 5 years later [d = .75 adjusting for (a); d = .60 adjusting for (b)].Conclusion:PA should be promoted in youth as tracking coefficients suggest it can, to an extent, continue into later life. The standard achieved in sport has a role in predicting later PA. PA promotion strategies should include frequent, high quality opportunities for sports participation.
Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Galápagos Endemic Land Snail
Naesiotus nux
Authors: Hunter Samuel S. , Settles Matthew L. , New Daniel D. , Parent Christine E. , Gerritsen Alida T. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

We report herein the draft mitochondrial genome sequence of
Naesiotus nux
, a Galápagos endemic land snail species of the genus
Naesiotus
. The circular genome is 15 kb and encodes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 21 tRNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Chimpanzee Polyomavirus from a Western Common Chimpanzee
Authors: van Persie Jolanda , Buitendijk Hester , Fagrouch Zahra , Bogers Willy , Haaksma Tom , Kondova Ivanela , Verschoor Ernst J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We report here the full-length genome sequence of a novel chimpanzee polyomavirus. Viral sequences were recovered from colon, bladder, and ureter tissue from a western common chimpanzee. The virus is genetically closely related to the human BK polyomavirus.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Causing Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Carasso Eran , Salmon-Divon Mali , Carmeli Yehuda , Banin Ehud , Navon-Venezia Shiri 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
has become a major contributor to nosocomial bloodstream infections. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two MDR extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing strains causing bloodstream infections. These sequenced genomes display a wide-spectrum virulence arsenal and will help us understand the genomic basis of
K. pneumoniae
virulence.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Salmonella enterica Serotype Infantis Strains Isolated from a Captive Western Lowland Gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
) and a Cohabitant Black and White Tegu (
Tupinambis merianae
) in Brazil
Authors: Paixão Tatiane A. , Coura Fernanda M. , Malta Marcelo C. C. , Tinoco Herlandes P. , Pessanha Angela T. , Pereira Felipe L. , Leal Carlos A. G. , Heinemann Marcos B. , Figueiredo Henrique C. P. , Santos Renato L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequences of two
Salmonella enterica
serotype Infantis isolates are reported here. One of the strains was isolated from a western lowland gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
) with colitis. The second strain was isolated from a reptile that inhabited the same premises. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that these isolates were not clonal.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Serotype A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from an Outbreak in Saudi Arabia during 2015
Authors: Bachanek-Bankowska K. , Wadsworth J. , Thapa B. , King D. P. , Knowles N. J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The complete genome of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) type A virus isolated from cattle in Saudi Arabia in 2015 is described here. This virus belongs to an FMD virus lineage named genotype VII, which is normally endemic on the Indian subcontinent.
Complete Genome and Methylome Sequences of Two Salmonella enterica spp
Authors: Yao Kuan , Muruvanda Tim , Roberts Richard J. , Payne Justin , Allard Marc W. , Hoffmann Maria 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
is responsible for major foodborne outbreaks worldwide. It can cause gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and fever.
Salmonella
infections raise public health concerns along with consequential economic impacts. In this report, we announce the first complete genome sequences of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Choleraeuis (
S.
Choleraeuis) ATCC 10708 and
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Pullorum (
S
. Pullorum) ATCC 9120, isolated from patients with diarrhea.
Additional Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Septic Patients
Authors: Coil David A. , Jospin Guillaume , Eisen Jonathan A. , Adams Jason Y. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome sequences of eight uropathogenic strains of
Escherichia coli
isolated from blood cultures collected from patients with sepsis, an extension of previous sequencing work from the same cohort.
Complete Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica Serovars Anatum and Anatum var. 15+, Isolated from Retail Ground Turkey
Authors: Marasini Daya , Abo-Shama Usama H. , Fakhr Mohamed K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequences of two isolates of
Salmonella enterica
serovars Anatum and Anatum var. 15+ revealed the presence of two plasmids of 112 kb and 3 kb in size in each. The chromosome of
Salmonella
Anatum (4.83 Mb) was slightly smaller than that of
Salmonella
Anatum var. 15+ (4.88 Mb).
Full Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Sugar Beet Wireworm
Limonius californicus
(Coleoptera: Elateridae), a Common Agricultural Pest
Authors: Gerritsen Alida T. , New Daniel D. , Robison Barrie D. , Rashed Arash , Hohenlohe Paul , Forney Larry , Rashidi Mahnaz , Wilson Cathy M. , Settles Matthew L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the full mitochondrial genome sequence of
Limonius californicus
, a species of click beetle that is an agricultural pest in its larval form. The circular genome is 16.5 kb and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Gammaproteobacterial Methanotrophs Isolated from Marine Ecosystems
Authors: Flynn James D. , Hirayama Hisako , Sakai Yasuyoshi , Dunfield Peter F. , Klotz Martin G. , Knief Claudia , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Khmelenina Valentina N. , Trotsenko Yuri A. , Murrell J. Colin , Semrau Jeremy D. , Svenning Mette M. , Stein Lisa Y. , Kyrpides Nikos , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Bringel Françoise , Vuilleumier Stéphane , DiSpirito Alan A. , Kalyuzhnaya Marina G. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The genome sequences of
Methylobacter marinus
A45,
Methylobacter
sp. strain BBA5.1, and
Methylomarinum vadi
IT-4 were obtained. These aerobic methanotrophs are typical members of coastal and hydrothermal vent marine ecosystems.
A longitudinal study of well-being, confidence and competence in junior doctors and the impact of emergency medicine placements
Authors: Mason Suzanne , O'Keeffe Colin , Carter Angela , Stride Chris 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo measure levels of, and change in junior doctor well-being, confidence and self-reported competence over their second postgraduate training year and the impact of emergency department (ED) placements on these outcomes.DesignA longitudinal study using an online survey administered at four time points (2010–2011).Setting28 Acute Hospital Trusts, drawn from nine participating Postgraduate Deaneries in England.ParticipantsJunior doctors who had a placement in an ED as part of their second postgraduate training year.Main outcome measuresLevels of anxiety, depression, motivation, job satisfaction, confidence and self-reported competence, collected at four time points spread over the period of the doctor's second training year (F2).Results217 junior doctors were recruited to the study. Over the year there was a significant increase in their overall job satisfaction, confidence and self-reported competence. Junior doctors also reported significantly increased levels of motivation and anxiety, and significantly decreased levels of extrinsic job satisfaction when working in ED compared with other specialties. There were also significant increases in both junior doctor confidence and self-reported competence after their placement in ED relative to other specialties.ConclusionsWhile elements of junior doctor well-being worsened in their ED placement compared with their time spent in other specialties, the increased levels of anxiety and reduced extrinsic job satisfaction were within the normal range for other healthcare workers. These deficits were also balanced by greater improvements in motivation, confidence in managing common acute clinical conditions and perceived competence in performing acute procedures compared with benefits offered by placements in other specialties.
Predicting turnaround time reductions of the diagnostic track in the histopathology laboratory using mathematical modelling
Authors: Leeftink A G , Boucherie R J , Hans E W , Verdaasdonk M A M , Vliegen I M H , van Diest P J 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundPathology departments face a growing volume of more and more complex testing in an era where healthcare costs tend to explode and short turnaround times (TATs) are expected. In contrast, the histopathology workforce tends to shrink, so histopathology employees experience high workload during their shifts. This points to the need for efficient planning of activities in the histopathology laboratory, to ensure an equal division of workload and low TATs, at minimum costs.MethodsThe histopathology laboratory of a large academic hospital in The Netherlands was analysed using mathematical modelling. Data were collected from the Laboratory Management System to determine laboratory TATs and workload performance during regular working hours. A mixed integer linear programme (MILP) was developed to model the histopathology processes and to measure the expected performance of possible interventions in terms of TATs and spread of workload.ResultsThe MILP model predicted that tissue processing at specific moments during the day, combined with earlier starting shifts, can result in up to 25% decrease of TATs, and a more equally spread workload over the day.ConclusionsMathematical modelling can help to optimally organise the workload in the histopathology laboratory by predicting the performance of possible interventions before actual implementation. The interventions that were predicted by the model to have the highest performance have been implemented in the histopathology laboratory of University Medical Center Utrecht. Further research should be executed to collect empirical evidence and evaluate the actual impact on TAT, quality of work and employee stress levels.