bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise addicts with injuries are in risk of depression
Authors: Lichtenstein M. , Andersen K. , Jørgensen U. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionExercise addiction is characterized by increasing exercise amounts, withdrawal symptoms and lack of control. Exercisers with addiction continue to exercise in spite of pain and injury because they use exercise to regulate emotions, identity and self-esteem. How do they react to injuries?ObjectivesIt is hypothesized that exercise addiction is a risk factor for emotional distress when an injury occur due to withdrawal symptoms and lack of identity.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of exercise addiction in exercisers with injuries at the musculoskeletal system and to test the relationship between addiction and emotional distress (depression and stress).MethodsThe Exercise Addiction Inventory was used to identify exercise addiction. To measure depression and stress we used the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants (n = 694) were regular exercisers with injuries at foot, knee or shoulder at an orthopedic hospital department.ResultsThe prevalence of exercise addiction was 7.6%. We found that exercisers with addiction reported more emotional distress in terms of higher MDI-scores 18.0 (SD = 11.0) versus 11.7 (SD = 9.1); P = 0.00 and in total PSS-score 17.6 (SD = 7.2) versus 13.9 (SD = 6.8); P = 0.00. Chi2 analyses showed that 25% of the addicted exercisers met the criteria for clinical depression, while only 11% of the non-addicted exercisers were depressed; P = 0.00.ConclusionsExercisers with addiction appear at somatic departments treating musculoskeletal injuries. It is a vulnerable group characterized by elevated levels of depressive symptoms and clinical stress. We recommend to offer psychological interventions focusing on emotional distress and prevention of re-injury by reducing excessive and obsessive exercise patterns.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Personality disorders: Which personality features lead to a comorbid substance use disorder?
Authors: Lombardi A. , Rossi A. , Gramaglia C. , Girardi L. , Zeppegno P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDual Diagnosis (DD) refers to coexistence of a psychiatric disorder, which is often a Personality Disorder (PD), and a Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Despite DD is a topic of interest in recent years, few studies have focused on the temperament and character traits of PD patients with or without a comorbid SUD. Anyhow, the assessment of personality traits may be helpful to understand the relation among psychiatric disorder, drug use and environment in patients with addictive behaviors.AimsThe aim of this study is to compare two subgroups of PD patients, with and without a comorbid SUD. Sociodemographic, clinical and personality profile, as assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory, will be compared.MethodsWe are recruiting patients with a PD diagnosis referring either the psychiatry ward or outpatient service of the AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy; secondly, we will group them according to the presence/absence of SUD. Cloninger's TCI-R will be administered together with a structured interview to gather sociodemographic and clinical information.ResultsData collection is ongoing; we expect to find a different personality profile in PD and DD Patients.ConclusionsTemperament, which is the biological part of the personality, seems to have an important role in addictive behavior; therefore assessing the personality traits of DD patients can help to improve the differential diagnosis and to establish strategies for treatment and prevention. In particular, sensation seeking and impulsivity are temperamental characteristics that may favor SUD in patients with psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Childhood trauma in suicide attempters: Case-control study
Authors: Jimenez-Trevino L. , Gonzalez-Blanco L. , Garcia-Portilla M.P. , Blasco Fontecilla H. , Lopez Castroman J. , Courtet P. , Carli V. , Sarchiapone M. , Baca-Garcia E. , Saiz Martinez P. , Bobes Garcia J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAn expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including substance abuse, depressive disorders, and attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship as observed in population studies.ObjectivesWe have tested the association between early trauma and suicide attempts in a sample of suicide attempters from the Eureca International Project and a matched healthy control sample.MethodsWe have studied the prevalence of childhood stressful events compared with healthy controls in a multicentre sample of 791 suicide attempters (SA) and 630 healthy controls (C), we have measured childhood parental neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Chi2 tests were performed using SPSS v15.0.ResultsA significant increase in prevalence of childhood trauma was found in the suicide attempters sample for all types of trauma: childhood physical abuse: 25.3% (SA) vs. 11.1% (C) (Chi2 test: 120,108 P = 0.000); childhood sexual abuse: 18.2% (SA) vs. 2.4% (C) (Chi2 test: 88,212 P = 0.000); parental neglect 25.3% (SA) vs. 1.1% (C) (Chi2 test: 164,910 P = 0.000); childhood emotional abuse: 34.9% (SA) vs. 5.6% (C) (Chi2 test: 176,546 P = 0.000).Suicide attempters were increasingly overrepresented compared with controls if experiencing more than 1 trauma: represented 77% of the sample who suffered 1 type of childhood trauma vs. more than 90% of the sample with 2 or more types of trauma.ConclusionsA powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epidemiological profile of drug users in Tunisia
Authors: Sellami R. , Messedi N. , Feki I. , Trigui D. , Zahaf A. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionChanging cultural values and increasing economic stress are leading to initiation into substance use. Despite religious and legal constraints on Muslims against the consumption of drugs, drug addiction is a widespread problem and is destroying the lives of many individuals and families, in Tunisia.ObjectivesTo examine the socio-demographic characteristics of Tunisian addicts and to identify the drugs commonly used.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, which included 200 patients at the addiction treatment center “Aide et Ecoute” in Sfax (Tunisia). The survey was conducted during the month of January to September 2014.ResultsOnly males were found to get treatment in the addiction center for various addictions. The mean age was 33.32 years and the mean age for starting substance use was 17.30 years. More than half (65.9%) were not married and 59.5% had involvement with criminal justice. Substance dependence was commonly seen in poor and middle socioeconomic class. The most common substance used was buprenorphine (34.8%). There was a significant relation between buprenorphine consumption and immigration (P= 0.013). Peer pressure was one of the most important factors for trial of substance in our study.ConclusionAs the mean age of initiation of substance abuse was early twenties, in liaison with schools and colleges, some recreational activities can be generated to prevent diversion of youth towards the devil of drug abuse.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Misuse of pregabalin: Case series and literature review
Authors: Suardi N.E. , Preve M. , Godio M. , Bolla E. , Colombo R.A. , Traber R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPregabalin is widely used in neurology, psychiatry and primary healthcare, and recently in literature different studies explain the possible misuse [1,2]. Pregabalin has shown greater potency in preclinical models of epilepsy, pain and anxiety, and may have potential in the treatment of cocaine addiction [3]. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence for the potential of abuse and misuse of pregabalin. We propose ten different cases and literature review.MethodTen inpatients with misuse of pregabalin were assessed with: the SCID-P, Anamnestic Folio, HAM-A and DAST. We conducted a systematic review of the literature (PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo), using the terms “pregabalin”, “misuse”.ResultsAll our patients present: cocaine, alcohol and/heroin positive in drugs urine screening at admission; a significant high level of total anxiety at the HAM-A Tot (P < .001), and especially at the item 7 (P < .001); the misuse of pregabalin is made for sniffing; the predominant symptoms assessed were euphoria, psychomotor activation and sedation.Discussion and conclusionSchifano F et al., [1,2] suggest that pregabalin should carefully prescribe in patients with a possible previous history of drug abuse. Our result identifies a particular population the misuse pregabalin that are abuser of cocaine, alcohol and/or heroin. Further research is warranted to replicate our clinical and qualitative observations and, in general, quantitative studies in large samples followed up over time are needed. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression
Authors: Richards D. , Timulak L. , Vigano N. , O’Brien E. , Doherty G. , Sharry J. , Hayes C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionInternet-delivered treatments for depression have proved successful, with supported programs offering the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Internet interventions are particularly interesting in the context of increasing access to interventions, and delivering interventions population-wide.ObjectiveInvestigate the potential feasibility and effectiveness of an online intervention for depression in the community.AimsEstablish the effectiveness of a supported online delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for symptoms of depression in adults in the community.MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled trial of an 8-module internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for adults with depressive symptoms (n = 96) compared to a waiting-list control group (n = 92). Participants received weekly support from a trained supporter. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The program was made available nationwide from an established and recognized charity for depression.ResultsFor the treatment group, post-treatment effect sizes reported were large for the primary outcome measure (d = 0.91). The between-group effects were moderate to large and statistically significant for the primary outcomes (d = 0.50) favoring the treatment group. Gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up.ConclusionThe study has demonstrated the efficacy of the online delivered space from depression treatment. Participants demonstrated reliable and statistically significant changes in symptoms from pre- to post-intervention. The study supports a model for delivering online depression interventions population-wide using trained supporters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Disrupted homeostasis during chronic ethanol consumption associated with specific mechanism of endogenous neurosteroids activity
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Bokhan N. , Mandel A. , Solonsky A. , Novozheeva T. , Semke A. , Lebedeva V. , Kazennykh T. , Udut V. , Arbit G. , Philimonov V. , Markova E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNeurobiological research describes one of mechanisms overlap in the Cortico-Striatal-Limbic Circuit (CSLC), which can be disrupted due to chronic stress and alcohol abuse that primarily modulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, from which cortisol is an end-product.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of chronic stimulant abuse on the CSLC. This was examined by relating cortisol levels with grey matter volume in brain structures associated with addiction and stress.AimsWe hypothesized that stimulant-dependent individuals show increased cortisol levels and abnormalities in the CSLC. We further hypothesized relationships between altered grey matter volume and increased cortisol levels in the patients.MethodsTwenty-two alcohol-dependent individuals, men only and 21 healthy volunteers (matched for age and gender) underwent an assessment session. Cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S was assessed in blood plasma. Mood, impulsivity and compulsivity were measured by clinical instruments.ResultsAlcohol-dependent individuals showed higher levels of cortisol in blood plasma, and decreased levels of progesterone and its metabolites DHEA and DHEA-S, which were associated with distinct expression in impulsivity and compulsivity in alcoholic patients. Indices of these steroids were changed compared with healthy persons. Plasma cortisol was positively correlated with the duration of alcohol use. The relationships observed between cortisol, progesterone and its metabolites: DHEA and DHEA-S may be explained by abnormal functioning of HPA axis.ConclusionsOptimizing of disrupted homeostasis during chronic ethanol consumption being provided with specific mechanism by manipulation of endogenous neurosteroids activity may prove a beneficial pharmacotherapeutic strategy in the intervention of alcohol abuse.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Therapeutic efficacy of original anticonvulsant meta-chloro-benzhydrylurea (m-ch-BHU) in the treatment of patients with a compulsive craving for alcohol
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Bokhan N. , Mandel A. , Lebedeva V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe problem of the treatment of alcohol addiction is very difficult due to the reoccurrence of relapses. One of the major concepts of the formation of alcohol addiction is the concept of epileptic origin of compulsive craving for alcohol.ObjectiveWe investigated therapeutic efficacy of long-term dosing of original anticonvulsant (m-ch-BHU) on symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in patients with a compulsive craving for alcohol.MethodsSixty-eight male alcoholic patients aged from 24 to 53 years with different levels of alcohol abuse were examined. Type of course of alcoholism in examined patients was of middle-progressing character. Clinical evaluation of state of patients was carried out with traditional clinical description. Quantitative characterization was conducted according to Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. m-ch-BHU was administered to alcoholic patients at dose from 300 mg a day during 21 days against the background of conventional medication as well as in post-withdrawal period under various degrees of severity of affective disorders.ResultsAmong affective disorders dysphoric symptoms have a marked tropism for m-ch-BHU. Of the other clinical manifestations in the structure of AWS cerebral diencephalic paroxysms, cardiovascular and myofascial symptoms have the most pronounced sensitivity to the drug. In patients with complicated forms of alcoholism application of m-ch-BHU is effective also in phase of remission in spontaneously arising symptom complex of neurovegetative manifestations of primary pathological craving for ethanol called “dry abstinence”.ConclusionsOur data allows recommending the use of m-ch-BHU under outpatient conditions as an anti-recurrent and preventive agent.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Treatment of tobacco dependence in Romanian women – a vulnerable population that needs a more personalized approach
Authors: Trofor L. , Gherghesanu R. , Chirita R. , Trofor A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundWomen face unique and greater health risks from smoking than men and have a different nicotine dependence pattern.AimTo design a personalized approach for women addressing Romanian tobacco dependence treatment centers to quit smoking.Material and methodsA group of 68 smoking women received a 3 months tobacco dependence treatment intervention, consisting of 3 DVD educational sessions, 20 minutes each and a face to face cognitive – behavioral counseling intervention, emphasizing particularities of tobacco dependence in women (pregnancy risks, passive smoking, female hormones configuration, nicotinic receptors interactions, efficacy of nicotine dependence therapy according to gender, etc.).ResultsFemales under study were heavy smokers (17.16 ± 8.03 SD packs cigarettes/years) with high nicotine dependence scores (6.52 ± 6.03 SD).Abstinence rate evaluated in end of treatment (3EOT) phase by an office visit (self-declared abstinence and exhaled carbon monoxide validation) was 38% and increased at 44.1% at 6 months follow-up when evaluated by a telephone contact visit (6TCV).ConclusionsPersonalized tobacco dependence treatment approach, focusing on specific women tobacco use concerns increased abstinence rates, comparatively to previous data in women not benefiting educational DVD and face to face sessions [1].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive factors in social adaptation of opium addicts in remission
Authors: Tursunkhodjaeva L. , Muzaffarova L. 
Published: May 2016

Given significant influence of factors contributing or preventing social adaptation of drug addicts after termination of drug abuse on the stabilization of remission, their study is quite a challenge. To study cognitive factors in social adaptation of opium addicts in remission, a patient's ability to predict people's behavior in various everyday situations, to discern intentions, feelings and emotional states of a person by non-verbal and verbal expression we used M. Sullivan's method in examination of 75 opium addicts at the Republican Tertiary Detox Center.More than 80% of the patients demonstrated low scores in a number of subtests, such as “a story to be completed”, “a verbal expression” and “a story to be extended”. That was the evidence for the patients’ poor understanding association between behavior and its consequences, which can cause them to get into conflict or dangerous situations. The patients had poor ability to understand changes in initial meanings of verbal reactions by the context of the situation caused. They poorly discerned various meanings one and the same verbal messages may have by the character of relationships between people and peculiarities of communication. Even during the period of prolonged withdrawal, the patients are found to poorly discern associations between behavior and outcomes, to misunderstand character of social relationships, and find it difficult to predict people's behavior. All above makes difficult the process of interaction with the persons surrounding them, reduces possibilities for social adaptation, prevent stabilization of remission and poses the risk of the addiction recurrence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Nalmefene for daily consumption of alcohol
Authors: Valdés Valdazo J. , Velilla Diaz L.T. , Martínez Martínez C. , Serrano García A. , Manso Bazus C. , Llanes Álvarez C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe level of high-risk alcohol consumption WHO is estimated at more than 40 mg for women and 60 mg for men.Nalmefene is a new treatment that breaks the cycle of continued use of alcohol.MethodologyA sample of 18 patients of a Mental Health Centre in the province of Leon alcohol dependent and high consumption They received nalmefene 18 mg daily continuous treatment for 6–9 months is selected. We appreciate the adherence of patients and the efficacy, tolerability and impact on physical health.ResultsWe appreciate reduction in the amount of alcohol ingested observed by both the patient and their relatives without any cases of neglect and few side effects.We got two patients leave the alcohol completely and an average decline in consumption over 9 Basic Units of Drink.* (90 g).We observed improvement in the quality of life in patients with multiple pathologies and difficult social situation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The relationship between sensory processing disorder and temperament on emotional functioning and self-efficacy in childhood
Authors: Buchris Bazak S. 
Published: May 2016

My study presents and explores the emotional functions and the sense of self-efficacy among school-age children (6–10) with sensory processing disorder manifested in sensory processing disorder (SPD) while addressing their temperament. Central questions in this study involve the element of temperament, which determined the emotional functioning of children who suffer from SPD and examined whether temperament explaining the variance in these children's self-efficacy. The SPD was the independent variable. Emotional functioning and the sense of self-efficacy were the dependent variables and temperament served as the mediating variable.The study focused on 209 students (129 boys, 80 girls) between the ages 6–10 (M = 8, SD = 1.13), studying in schools in different geographical areas in Israel. The Short Sensory Profile (SPS) Questionnaire was administered to the students in order to characterize their sensory profiles and served as a tool for screening and identifying the children with SPD and children who will be included in the control group. The questions raised in this study, have both educational and clinical research importance. They can be used as the basis for educational interventions for children with SOR and may be useful in supporting the building of an integrated intervention and treatment program.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Body dysmorphic disorder and psychosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Maatallah H. , Ben Ammar H. , Said M. , Aissa A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are concerned about a slight or non-existent defect on their appearance, causing significant stress and interfering on their social and professional life.Despite its prevalence and psychosocial impact, this disorder remains unknown by many clinicians.Methods and objectiveThrough a review of literature and illustration in our case report we will define: the symptomatology of this pathology, psychopathological models of the disorder and the etiopathogenic assumptions associated with it, in terms of risk factors and neurobiological correlations.Case reportPatient 33 years old unmarried having been the victim of an AVP at the age of 25 years causing him a head injury above right eye for which he undergoes cosmetic surgery three times but the patient still not satisfied with installation of psychotic and delusional disorders requiring the use of antipsychotics.ConclusionThe complexity of body dysmorphic disorder should not discourage clinicians to confront this disease. The management requires more than putting under medical treatment associated to psychotherapy, we also need a good relationship of trust and maintain effective working alliance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.