bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical stabilization of concomitant canine medial patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament disease
Authors: Fauron Albane , Bruce Mieghan , James Daniel , Owen Mark , Perry Karen 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectives: To compare complication rates and outcomes between cases of concomitant cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease and medial patellar luxation (MPL) treated using extracapsular stabilization and tibial tuberosity transposition (ECS+TTT) and tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (TTTA).Methods: In a multicentre retrospective study, records from four referral hospitals were reviewed for dogs with concomitant CrCL pathology and MPL treated using ECS+TTT or TTTA. Data retrieved included signalment, partial/complete CrCL tear, MPL grade, treatment performed, occurrence of postoperative complications, and postoperative outcome grade. Associations between surgical procedure and risk of complication and surgical procedure and outcome were investigated using univariable logistic regression and proportional odds logistic regression respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore confounding factors.Results: A total of 72 stifles were evaluated in 66 dogs; 32 stifles were stabilized using ECS+TTT and 40 using TTTA. Overall complications were 2.7 times more frequent in the ECS+TTT group and major complications occurred only in this group. The TTTA group was less likely to suffer complications (17.5%) compared to the ECS+TTT group (46.9%) (p = 0.009) and TTTA cases had lower odds of a poorer clinical outcome (p = 0.047).Clinical significance: Stifles stabilized using ECS+TTT are more likely to suffer from postoperative complications and a poorer clinical outcome when compared to TTTA.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-10-0148
Proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in immature dogs
Authors: Deahl Lauren , Ben-Amotz Ron , Caceres Ana , Agnello Kimberly 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjective: To describe proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in immature dogs.Materials and methods: Medical records of immature dogs with metaphyseal fractures of the proximal tibia were reviewed and data were collected on signalment and history of trauma. Craniocaudal and mediolateral radiographs were evaluated for the determination of the bones fractured, location of the fracture within the bone, fracture configuration, and the presence of fracture segment displacement and angulation.Results: Eighteen dogs with 22 proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All fractures had a curvilinear, complete fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis. Displacement was identified in 16 fractures and angulation in 15 fractures. All affected breeds were terrier or small breed dogs less than six months of age. The majority of dogs weighed 5 kg or less at the time of injury. The most common type of trauma that occurred was a jump or fall from a short distance.Clinical significance: Proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures are an uncommon injury that occur in skeletally immature dogs from minimal trauma. Proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures have a characteristic curvilinear fracture configuration that affects mainly small breed dogs with a predominance for terrier breeds.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-11-0154
Common Envelope Light Curves. I. Grid-code Module Calibration
Authors: Galaviz Pablo , Marco Orsola De , Passy Jean-Claude , Staff Jan E. , Iaconi Roberto 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The common envelope (CE) binary interaction occurs when a star transfers mass onto a companion that cannot fully accrete it. The interaction can lead to a merger of the two objects or to a close binary. The CE interaction is the gateway of all evolved compact binaries, all stellar mergers, and likely many of the stellar transients witnessed to date. CE simulations are needed to understand this interaction and to interpret stars and binaries thought to be the byproduct of this stage. At this time, simulations are unable to reproduce the few observational data available and several ideas have been put forward to address their shortcomings. The need for more definitive simulation validation is pressing and is already being fulfilled by observations from time-domain surveys. In this article, we present an initial method and its implementation for post-processing grid-based CE simulations to produce the light curve so as to compare simulations with upcoming observations. Here we implemented a zeroth order method to calculate the light emitted from CE hydrodynamic simulations carried out with the 3D hydrodynamic code Enzo used in unigrid mode. The code implements an approach for the computation of luminosity in both optically thick and optically thin regimes and is tested using the first 135 days of the CE simulation of Passy et al., where a 0.8 M
⊙ red giant branch star interacts with a 0.6 M
⊙ companion. This code is used to highlight two large obstacles that need to be overcome before realistic light curves can be calculated. We explain the nature of these problems and the attempted solutions and approximations in full detail to enable the next step to be identified and implemented. We also discuss our simulation in relation to recent data of transients identified as CE interactions.
Effects of Preionization in Radiative Shocks. II. Application to the Herbig–Haro Objects
Authors: Dopita Michael A. , Sutherland Ralph S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In an earlier paper we treated the preionization problem in shocks over the velocity range 20 km s−1

km s−1 in a fully self-consistent manner. Here we investigate in detail the effect of the upstream UV photon field generated in the radiative zone of shocks in the range in which hydrogen is only partly ionized 20 km s−1 (

km s−1). We show that, as a result of superheating in the nonequilibrium preshock plasma, both the magnetic parameter and the Mach number of the shock are strongly affected by the preionization state of the gas, which controls to a large extent the radiative spectrum of the shock. We use these models to provide specific line diagnostics for Herbig–Haro objects, which allow us to solve for both the preshock density and shock velocity, and we present detailed models of the HH 34 jet, which allows us to derive the shock conditions, mass-loss rate, momentum flux, and chemical abundances in the jet. We show that the refractory elements Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni are enhanced by 0.22 dex over the solar values, which provides interesting clues about the jet-launching mechanism in pre-main-sequence evolution.
Extended Calculations of Spectroscopic Data: Energy Levels, Lifetimes, and Transition Rates for O-like Ions from Cr xvii to Zn xxiii
Authors: Wang K. , Jönsson P. , Ekman J. , Gaigalas G. , Godefroid M. R. , Si R. , Chen Z. B. , Li S. , Chen C. Y. , Yan J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Employing two state-of-the-art methods, multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and second-order many-body perturbation theory, the excitation energies and lifetimes for the lowest 200 states of the

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

configurations, and multipole (electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), and electric quadrupole (E2)) transition rates, line strengths, and oscillator strengths among these states are calculated for each O-like ion, from Cr xvii to Zn xxiii. Our two data sets are compared with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and CHIANTI compiled values, and previous calculations. The data are accurate enough for identification and deblending of new emission lines from the Sun and other astrophysical sources. The amount of high-accuracy data is significantly increased for the n = 3 states of several O-like ions of astrophysical interest, where experimental data are very scarce.
Discovery of Scattering Polarization in the Hydrogen Lyα Line of the Solar Disk Radiation
Authors: Kano R. , Bueno J. Trujillo , Winebarger A. , Auchère F. , Narukage N. , Ishikawa R. , Kobayashi K. , Bando T. , Katsukawa Y. , Kubo M. , Ishikawa S. , Giono G. , Hara H. , Suematsu Y. , Shimizu T. , Sakao T. , Tsuneta S. , Ichimoto K. , Goto M. , Belluzzi L. , Štěpán J. , Ramos A. Asensio , Sainz R. Manso , Champey P. , Cirtain J. , Pontieu B. De , Casini R. , Carlsson M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There is a thin transition region (TR) in the solar atmosphere where the temperature rises from 10,000 K in the chromosphere to millions of degrees in the corona. Little is known about the mechanisms that dominate this enigmatic region other than the magnetic field plays a key role. The magnetism of the TR can only be detected by polarimetric measurements of a few ultraviolet (UV) spectral lines, the Lyα line of neutral hydrogen at 121.6 nm (the strongest line of the solar UV spectrum) being of particular interest given its sensitivity to the Hanle effect (the magnetic-field-induced modification of the scattering line polarization). We report the discovery of linear polarization produced by scattering processes in the Lyα line, obtained with the Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) rocket experiment. The Stokes profiles observed by CLASP in quiet regions of the solar disk show that the Q/I and U/I linear polarization signals are of the order of 0.1% in the line core and up to a few percent in the nearby wings, and that both have conspicuous spatial variations with scales of ∼10 arcsec. These observations help constrain theoretical models of the chromosphere–corona TR and extrapolations of the magnetic field from photospheric magnetograms. In fact, the observed spatial variation from disk to limb of polarization at the line core and wings already challenge the predictions from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical models of the upper solar chromosphere.
Employee perceptions of diversity management at a tertiary institution
Authors: Harris Chantel , Rousseau GG , Venter DLJ 
Published: April 2017

Diversity is an inevitable aspect of organisational life, which has to be deal with at one time or other. How employees perceive diversity impacts on their behaviour and therefore managing it is imperative. The objective of this study was to investigate perceptions among staff members at a tertiary institution in the Eastern Cape of diversity management. A further aim was to assist the institution in developing ways to improve diversity management. A diversity management questionnaire was administered to employees to determine perceptions. Results confirmed that employees perceived a small number of diversity-related problems to be present. Employees believed that the university understood the value of change and that they were in the non-discriminatory phase of evolution towards becoming multicultural. A follow-up study in this field is necessary.
Experiential learning and critical reflection as a tool for transfer of business knowledge: an empirical case study of a start-up simulation intervention for nascent entrepreneurs
Authors: Le Roux Ingrid , Steyn Barnard 
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates the impact of venture start-up simulation on participants’ learning; it is concerned specifically with the relationship between experiential learning theory and critical reflection within venture start-up simulation. This was carried out in empirical investigation of a simulation training game used to train entrepreneurs in a formal setting. The findings show significant improvement in their knowledge of finance, marketing operations and information use. Participants reported increased skills and intended behavioural changes in their own ventures. Finally, there was empirical support for the fact that critical reflection during experiential learning can greatly improve the standard of learning and has an immediate effect on participants’ behaviour.
The SAICA syllabus for Ethics: does it all add up?
Authors: Rossouw Deon 
Published: April 2017

The South African Institute for Chartered Accountants (SAICA) recently (2005) announced guidelines for a syllabus for Ethics that is to be included in the undergraduate studies of students studying towards the Chartered Accountant (CA) qualification. The purpose of this paper is to make a critical comparison between the objectives and the outcomes of the SAICA Ethics syllabus to determine whether the proposed outcomes match the proposed objectives. A teaching-learning competency framework for applied ethics will be introduced first, to provide a theoretical framework within which the stated comparison between the proposed objectives and outcomes of the Ethics syllabus can be carried out.
The economic value of flower tourism at the Namaqua National Park, South Africa
Authors: James I , Hoffman T , Munro A , O'Farell P , Smart R 
Published: April 2017

The travel cost method was used to estimate the economic recreational value of flower viewing at the Namaqua National Park. Demographic, time, expenditure, preference and route information was collected from interviews with 160 SA nationals who visited the park in their own car. Visitors spent an average of $US108 on transportation and $US84 on accommodation in the region. A zonal travel cost model was developed which suggests that the economic recreational value of flower viewing at the park makes to the region is far larger than the annual net loss of $US50 000 which the park makes when only the expenses and revenue of the park are considered.
Examining the ethical predisposition of the next generation of business leaders in China and the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Fullerton Sam , Bisschoff Christo , Moore David L 
Published: April 2017

This study was undertaken in an effort to determine the attitudes of business students in South Africa and China toward a battery of questionable actions undertaken by anonymous business entities. In general, practices such as the outsourcing of labour and celebrity endorsements met with little opposition on the part of the students. Conversely, actions such as the shipment of unsafe products to overseas markets and a doctor smuggling a potentially beneficial (but illegal) drug across international borders in an effort to help a patient were strongly condemned. A comparison of the means of the 14 scenarios resulted in statistically significant differences for the two countries on eight of the questionable actions. In seven of the eight, the South Africans exhibited stronger opposition (or a lower level of support for) the behaviour of the organization. Furthermore, the grand means for the two countries also favored the RSA as the country with the higher ethical predisposition.
Primary commodity export and economic growth in sub sahara africa: evidence from panel data analysis
Authors: Ocran Matthew , Biekpe Nicholas 
Published: April 2017

The paper sought to examine the impact of instability in primary commodity export earnings and the level of commodity dependence on economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Fixed effects panel data estimator was used in the empirical estimation. The findings of the study suggest that there is a negative relationship between instability in export earnings and economic growth. The results also indicate that the level of commodity dependence matter in determining economic growth in the region. The results of the paper have economic development policy implications for SSA economies and these are not farfetched. First, it appears the difficult growth experience of SSA is not solely due to instability in export receipts. The question of continued dependence on a narrow range of primary commodities is also matter of great importance.
Theory building trends in international management research: an archival review of preferred methods
Authors: Kriek Drikus , Beaty David , Nkomo Stella 
Published: April 2017

A number of distinguished scholars believe that for theory development to occur within a field, qualitative research must precede quantitative research in order for the field to progress toward maturity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the international management literature from 1991-2007 to ascertain current levels of use of qualitative, quantitative, conceptual and joint (quantitative and qualitative) research methods in the field. Results indicate scholars employ quantitative methods more than qualitative methods. The implications of these findings for future theory development and the generation of context relevant international management knowledge are discussed.
Who would eat more with a food voucher programme in South Africa?
Authors: Van Heerden Jan Horn 
Published: April 2017

A Computable General Equilibrium model is used to find the effects of a food voucher scheme on the economy in South Africa. If firms consider the issuing of vouchers as increased remuneration, they will hire fewer labourers. The higher labour cost increases the total cost of production and lowers supply. Real Gross Domestic Product decreases and the economy becomes worse off. However, depending on the size of the government’s involvement in such a scheme as well as the tax policies that are used to fund it, a food voucher scheme could benefit the poor, and improve the distribution of wealth in the country.
Labour conflict and the persistence of macro underemployment in South Africa
Authors: Schoeman Christie , Botha Ilze , Blaauw Philip F 
Published: April 2017

Something must be structurally wrong in a labour market when a well developed economy like that of South Africa is not able to absorb and allocate an accumulating surplus of labour over a period of 20 years or longer but has instead moved to the use of more capital-intensive technology. The objective of this paper is to analyse the role labour conflict plays in the persistence of macro underemployment in South Africa. For the analysis two models identified from the literature were used. In these models labour conflict originates from an over-regulated labour market where labour appropriates capital and bad or hostile labour relations. In both models the switch to technology leads to underemployment. It was found that bad labour relations contribute to the persistence of underemployment in South Africa.
Does capital gains tax add to or detract from the fairness of the South African tax system?
Authors: Maroun Warren , Turner Magda , Sartorius Kurt 
Published: April 2017

This research seeks to add to the existing body of knowledge on the perceived impact of Capital Gains Tax (CGT) on the fairness of the South Africa Tax System. Building on the largely qualitative work done by Vivian (2006) and Smith (1776), this research makes use of an extensive literature review followed by a correspondence analysis to complement the existing body of research into this area. The literature review discuss the fairness criteria advanced by Smith (1776) (Smith’s tax canon) and identify ‘unfairness characteristics’ of CGT. The correspondence analysis only tests the theories advanced in the literature review and revealed that there are potential sources of unfairness inherent in the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (the Eighth Schedule). These include the possibility that that CGT gives rise to double tax and imposes a high burden on taxpayer’s ability to bear the tax load.
On employees’ performance appraisal: the impact and treatment of the raters’ effect
Authors: Zewotir Temesgen 
Published: April 2017

By putting in place a performance appraisal scheme, employees who improve their work efficiency can then be rewarded, whereas corrective action can be taken against those who don’t. The aim of this paper is to develop a technique that helps to measure the subjective effect that a given rater’s assessment will have on the performance appraisal of a given employee, assuming that an assessment of one’s work performance will have to be undertaken by a rater and that this rating is essentially a subjective one. In particular, a linear mixed modelling approach will be applied to data that comes from a South African company which has 214 employees and where an annual performance evaluation has been run. One of the main conclusions that will be drawn from this study, is that there is a very significant rater’s effect that needs to be properly accounted for when rewarding employees. Without this adjustment being done, any incentive scheme, whether its motive is reward based or penalty based, will ultimately fail in its intended purpose of improving employees’ overall performance.
Should the West African countries form a currency union?
Authors: Akinbobola TO , Akinlo AE 
Published: April 2017

This paper examines whether or not the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), comprising fifteen countries, constitutes an Optimum Currency Area (OCA). The paper uses secondary data obtained from the International Financial Statistics Bulletin, covering the period 1986 to 2003. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) modelling technique was used to investigate the optimality of the community as a currency area. The study found that shocks to the output growth rate and inflation rates aligned symmetrically. Except for Nigeria and Sierra Leone, shocks to the real exchange rates also aligned symmetrically across countries. However, the degree of openness variable showed asymmetrical disturbance across countries. This paper thus concludes that a low trade link exists among member countries of ECOWAS, traced principally to the fact that these countries’ exports were competitive rather than complementary. The asymmetric disturbance of real exchange rate shocks and the low degree of openness across the countries implied that the sub-region could not effectively form a successful Optimum Currency Area (OCA). Nevertheless, the sub-region exhibits some potential for forming an optimum currency area in the future.