bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-5 Characterizing the activity of bovine Lactobacillus strains against the top 7 Shiga-toxin Producing Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Ding Yiran , Niu dongyan , McAllister Tim A , Guan Leluo , Cobo Eduardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), specifically serogroups O26, O45, O111, O103, O121, O145, and O157 (Top 7), pose significant health risks. Cattle are the primary reservoir of STEC, and effective intervention remains elusive. The identification of Lactobacillus spp. with antimicrobial activity as direct-fed microbials (DFMs) presents a potential strategy for pathogen reduction. These strains are not only capable of favorably modulating the gut microbiota but also possess the innate ability to produce bacteriocins that can target specific pathogens including STEC. Selection of viable anti-STEC Lactobacillus strains requires assessment of the presence or absence of prophage that may revert from the lysogenic to lytic phase and affect their efficacy. This study aimed to characterize anti-STEC potential of 14 Lactobacillus strains isolated from cattle and to identify their associated bacteriocins and prophages. Antimicrobial activity of 14 Lactobacillus strains against the top 7 STEC strains was determined using live culture spot assays and cell-free supernatants (CFS) well-diffusion assays. To further assess their anti-STEC efficacy, Lactobacillus strains with the strongest activity were selected and further evaluated in MRS broth culture and rumen fluid. The ability of Lactobacillus strains to inhibit STEC attachment to Caco-2 epithelial cells was also assessed. Prokka 1.14.6, and Bagel5 were utilized to identify genes encoding bacteriocins. Additionally, PHASTEST 3.0 was utilized to identify prophages. All 14 strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the top 7 STEC serogroups. Notably, L. agilis strains L3 and L6, with genome sizes of 2,063,576 bp and 2,071,091 bp respectively, and L. amylovorus L7 (883,016 bp) exhibited the greatest anti-STEC activities, targeting O157, O26, O45, and O103 for L3 and L6, and O157, O45, and O103 for L7. The CFS from these strains showed anti-STEC activity at pH 4.4-4.6, but not at 7, suggesting that organic acids played a role in inhibition. In MRS, DFM reduced STEC O157:H7 by 5 to 7.4 logs after 24 h. However, in rumen fluid, no notable reduction in STEC O157:H7 was observed. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the L7 genome encoded Helveticin-J, a Class III bacteriocin. Prophage identified included 1 intact (51,818 bp) and 1 non-intact (17,267 bp) in L3, and 2 intact (46,916 bp, 20,295 bp) and 1 non-intact (13,939 bp) in L6, while no prophage was identified in L7. This study identified novel DFMs with activity against STEC, but future studies with cattle are required to confirm their ability to inhibit STEC.
PSV-4 Clodronate re-release in response to controlled exercise and bone stressors in juvenile horses
Authors: Conrad Matthew B , Leatherwood Jessica L , Glass Kati G , Arnold Carolyn E , Paris Brittany L , George James M , Martinez Rafael E , Mays Travis P , Bradbery Amanda N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Concerns over the extra-label use of bisphosphonates in skeletally immature horses has extended to include its likely re-release from bone into circulation in response to stressors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to be first to quantify the re-release of clodronate in response to controlled stressors. Yearling Quarter horses (n = 32) were stratified by age, body weight (BW), sex, and initial bone optical density into four treatment groups for a 168-d trial. Treatments consisted of control (CON; n = 8), single-dose (1X; d 84; n = 8), 2-dose (2X; d 0 and 84; n = 8), and four-dose groups (4X; d 0, 42, 84, and 126; n = 8). All horses received iso-volumetric intramuscular injections of either 1.8 mg/kg BW clodronate disodium (OSPHOSÒ) or saline (placebo) on d 0, 42, 84, and 126. Horses were housed in individual stalls (3.6 m × 7.2 m). Diets were formulated to meet nutrient requirements including concentrate offered every 12-h and ad libitum coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay and water. Horses were exercised 5 d/wk with a progressive workload, and maximum exercise intensity was reached on d 120, verified via heart rate and blood lactate. On d 120, blood samples were collected prior to the start of the exercise bout (pre), and 0-, 0.5-, 1-, 3-, 12-, and 24-h post exercise. Both tuber coxae of each horse were biopsied on d 168 with blood samples collected prior to (pre), and 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168, and 336 h post biopsy. Clodronate was quantified in plasma from exercise and biopsy samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Exercise and biopsy serum were analyzed for cortisol, a marker of stress, while biopsy serum was analyzed for substance P, a pain marker. Data were analyzed using SAS PROC MIXED. Exercise did not result in clodronate re-release as there was no treatment x time interaction or time effect (P ≥ 0.44), but clodronate was dose-dependently greater in treated groups throughout the exercise collection period (P &lt; 0.01). A treatment x time interaction (P ≤ 0.01) was observed for clodronate concentrations surrounding bone biopsy in which concentrations decreased at 168 h post biopsy before increasing at 336 h in 4X horses. Substance P increased over time (P &lt; 0.01) following biopsy, regardless of treatment. Despite decreasing over time (P ≤ 0.01), there were similarly no treatment differences (P ≥ 0.46) nor treatment ´ time interactions (P ≥ 0.78) for cortisol following either exercise or bone insult. In conclusion, submaximal exercise did not result in re-release of clodronate; however, direct bone insult disrupted clodronate concentrations in horses receiving 4 administrations of bisphosphonate despite no treatment impact on stress or pain indicators.
PSV-16 Evaluation of upper respiratory and fecal microbiomes in neonatal beef calves
Authors: Sowers Consuelo A , Smithyman Mackenzie M , Chung Max , Scott Matthew , Valeris-Chacin Robert , Duff Glenn C , Richeson John T , Capik Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a critical lack of information on the timing of colonization of bovine respiratory disease-related bacteria in the upper respiratory tract, potentially affecting calf health and disease onset. The objective of this study was to evaluate the upper respiratory tract and fecal microbiomes of neonatal beef calves during the first 24 h of life compared with their dams at the time of birth. Late-gestation commercial beef cows (n = 28) were assigned to individual, soil-surfaced pens (6.25 x 2.29 m) fitted with canvas tarps on shared fences to limit contact between unrelated pairs. Left nasal (LN), right nasal (RN), fecal, and vaginal swab samples were collected from cows at a single time point promptly after parturition. Swabs of the LN, RN, and rectum were collected from calves at birth (0 h), 6, 12, and 24 h post-parturition. Samples were flash-frozen and stored at -80°C until processing. DNA was extracted from swabs using Power Soil Pro kit. Extracted DNA was used to prepare DNA libraries for full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing on a MinION Mk1C device. Sequenced reads were classified using Centrifuge and used in microbiome analyses conducted in R to estimate the changes in the microbiome according to animal type (cow versus calf), time of collection, and sample type (nasal, fecal, or vaginal). Upper respiratory microbiomes significantly differed (P &lt; 0.005) between cows and their offspring at birth. In nasal microbiomes, animal type explained 12.6% (P = 0.002) and 18.5% (P = 0.001) of variance in beta diversity in left and right cavities, respectively. Animal type explained 42.1% of the beta diversity variance in fecal microbiomes (P = 0.001). Nasal microbiomes at birth were significantly more dispersed in dams compared with their calves in both the LN (P = 0.03) and RN (P = 0.03). Similarly, fecal microbiomes of dams were significantly more dispersed (P &lt; 0.0001) than those of their offspring. There was a clear transition of the microbial communities associated with calf age in the upper respiratory and fecal niches. Calf age accounted for 2% (P = 0.02), 3.5% (P = 0.001), and 28% (P = 0.001) of the variance in the beta diversity of the LN, RN, and fecal microbiomes, respectively. After adjusting for calf age, the laterality of nasal microbiomes was not significantly (P = 0.682) associated with the composition of microbial communities. In conclusion, calf microbial communities were dissimilar to that of their dam at birth. Additionally, microbial community transition was evident with each subsequent sampling time point, potentially influenced by the presence of the dam.
PSVI-13 Yield and quality of conventional and reduced lignin alfalfa harvested at different maturity stages in the Southeast United States
Authors: Pena Manuel , Velasquez Cesar , Hawes Kailin , Aguerre Matias J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of conventional and reduced lignin alfalfa on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality when harvested at different maturity stages. The study was conducted in field plots (1.5 m x 6.1 m) as randomized complete block designs with a split-plot arrangement of treatments. Two conventional (Ameristand 455TQ, TQR; Alfagraze 600, ALFA) and one reduced lignin (Ameristand 480 HarvXtra, HVX) alfalfa varieties were harvested at 28 (Early), 35 (Mid), and 42 (Late) d intervals in three consecutive years. Samples were analyzed for NDF, ADF, and ADL (as % DM). Average DM yield was greater for TQR than ALFA and HVX (8,335 vs. 7,119 kg/ha, P &lt; 0.01). The DM yield of alfalfa harvested at Mid stage was significantly greater (8,888 kg/ha) compared with alfalfa harvested at Early (6,961 kg/ha) or Late stage of maturity (6,726 kg/ha). The reduced lignin alfalfa had reduced NDF and ADF concentrations than TQR and ALFA (36.1 vs. 37.4 and 29.4 vs. 30.9%, respectively). The two conventional varieties did not differ in NDF and ADF content. The HVX alfalfa tended (P = 0.06) to have reduced ADL concentration than TQR and ALFA (9.97 vs. 10.62%). Compared with Early alfalfa, forage NDF, ADF, and ADL concentration were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in Late harvested alfalfa (35.3 vs. 39.3%, 28.7 vs. 32.1%, and 10.0 vs. 10.8%, respectively). Under the conditions of this study, results suggest that the evaluated reduced lignin alfalfa has a greater forage quality than the conventional varieties but at the expense of decreased DM yield.
PSIV-10 Thyroid hormone does not protect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function from heat stress in pigs
Authors: Wesolowski Lauren T , Kelly Jamianne J , Roths Melissa S , Rudolph Tori E , Semanchik Pier L , Rhoads Robert P , Baumgard Lance H , Selsby Joshua T , White-Springer Sarah H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Environmental heat stress (HS) can impair muscle mitochondrial function which may contribute to negative health outcomes, but little is known about potential treatments to rescue mitochondrial function during HS. To test the hypothesis that thyroid hormone (T3) would protect mitochondrial function during HS, samples were collected from the right ventricle (RV) of 3-mo-old, crossbred gilts under 4 different environmental conditions: thermoneutral (TN; 22°C; n = 8); 1 d HS (HS1; 38°C; n = 7); oral supplementation of 1.33 µgּ kg body weight (BW)-1ּ d-1 Cytomel (liothyronine sodium) during the 1 d HS (HS1TH; n = 8); and 7 d HS (HS7; n = 8). The oxidative portion of the semitendinosus (ST) was also collected from all groups plus a 5th group: oral supplementation of Cytomel during 7 d HS (HS7TH, n = 8). Mitochondrial volume density was estimated by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and oxidative phosphorylation (OP) and electron transfer (E) capacities were determined via high resolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models in SAS v9.4 with treatment group as a fixed effect and pig (treatment) as a random effect. Within the RV, the contribution of OP supported by complex I (PCI) to maximal E was less in HS1TH gilts compared with all other groups (P ≤ 0.02), and the contribution of E supported by complex II (ECII) to maximal E was greater in TN than HS1 or HS7 (P ≤ 0.02) and tended to be greater in TN compared with HS1TH gilts (P = 0.07). Within the ST, integrative (relative to tissue wet weight) PCI was greatest in TN gilts (vs. HS7 and HS7TH, P ≤ 0.0002; vs. HS1 and HS1TH, P ≤ 0.06) and least in HS7 and HS7TH (vs. HS1 and HS1TH, P ≤ 0.05). Integrative maximal P (PCI+II) was greatest in TN pigs (compared with HS1TH, HS7, and HS7TH, P ≤ 0.05; compared with HS1, P = 0.09). Integrative maximal E (ECI+II) was also greatest in TN gilts than all other groups (P ≤ 0.05) while ECII was greater in TN pigs compared with HS7 and HS7TH (P ≤ 0.009) and tended to be greater than HS1 and HS1TH (P ≤ 0.09). In ST, intrinsic (relative to CS activity) PCI and PCI+II were greater in TN compared with HS1, HS1TH, and HS7 pigs (P ≤ 0.03) and PCI+II tended to be greater in TN than HS7TH (P ≤ 0.06). Intrinsic ECI+II and ECII were greater in TN compared with all other treatment groups (P ≤ 0.04). These results suggest that T3 supplementation did not protect mitochondrial function from negative impacts of HS in skeletal muscle but may have modified electron transfer through complex I in cardiac muscle which may have implications on oxidative stress.
PSIV-6 Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress in offspring from dams infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus during late-term gestation
Authors: Chek Erlene , Loh Huey Yi , Van Campen Hana , Kincade Jess N , Hansen Thomas R , Engle Terry E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to examine the impact of dams infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) during late gestation on inflammatory blood biomarkers in their offspring. Fetal infection with BVDV before d 125 to 150 of gestation results in the birth of immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves. Infection of BVDV during late gestation results in transient fetal infections (TI). It was hypothesized that offspring of dams transiently infected with BVDV on d 175 of gestation would have greater inflammatory blood biomarkers than control offspring. Unvaccinated, yearling Hereford heifers (n = 24), seronegative for antibodies to BVDV1 and BVDV2 were bred by artificial insemination with X chromosome-bearing sperm from an Angus sire. On d 175 of pregnancy, heifers were intranasally inoculated with either Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium + 2% horse serum (sham control) or 4.0 log TCID50 noncytopathic type 2 BVDV to generate control and transient infected calves, respectively. All BVDV-inoculated dams seroconverted by d 14 post-inoculation and all sham-inoculated control dams remained seronegative. Twelve, seronegative control heifer calves were born to the control dams, and 11 seropositive (to type 2 BVDV) TI heifer calves were born to BVDV-inoculated dams. All offspring were raised on pasture until weaning. At weaning, all calves were transported to our feedlot research facility, housed in one group feedlot pen, and transitioned to a high-energy concentrate-based diet until reaching an approximate body weight (BW) of 600 kg. Upon arrival, all animals received a standard heifer growth implant containing 200 mg of testosterone propionate and 20 mg of estradiol benzoate, a modified live viral vaccine containing IBR-BRSV-PI3, and were dewormed. Jugular blood samples were obtained every 28 d until harvest (280 d on feed) and analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design with the MIXED procedures of SAS. There was a treatment x time interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for plasma ceruloplasmin and the oxidized form of glutathione. On d 0 and 28 of the feeding period, all biomarkers were similar across treatments. By d 56 of the feeding period, ceruloplasmin (P &lt; 0.03) and the oxidized form of glutathione (P &lt; 0.01), indicators of chronic inflammation, were increased in plasma samples from TI heifers compared with controls. These parameters remained greater in TI heifers compared with controls throughout the feeding period. There were no treatment or treatment x time interactions for plasma interferon (INF)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and haptoglobin. These data suggest that TI heifers may be experiencing a greater level of oxidative stress later in the finishing period. This research was supported by USDA-NIFA Grant #2019-67015-29866.
PSIV-12 Effects of creep-feeding supplementation on growth performance during the rearing and finishing phases of grazing Nellore young bulls
Authors: Sousa Luciana Melo , de Porcionato Marco Felício , Garcia Anna Lidia Francino Francino , Rigon Fernanda , Inácio de Abreu Mateus José Inácio José , de de Resende Flávio Dutra Dutra , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende Rezende 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of creep-feeding on growth performance of beef young bulls (n = 40) when they were subjected to an intensive rearing and finishing system. The experiment lasted 325 d, from May/2022 to April/2023, the calves were born in September/2021 and creep-feeding supplementation lasted 170 d, from December/2021 to May/2022. The experimental design used was a randomized block [blocked by body weight (BW) of calves in the beginning of supplementation]. The experimental units were the paddocks (4 paddocks per treatment, and 5 animals per paddock). The treatments consisted of supplementation on creep-feeding system or not during the nursing phase: control (mineral supplement ad libitum) and creep-feeding treatment (energetic protein supplement, 5 g/kg BWּ animal-1ּ d-1). After weaning, all the bulls were managed similarly with an energetic protein supplement (10 g/ kg BWּ animal-1ּ d-1) during the grazing intensive rearing phase, and 15 gּ/kg BWּ animal-1ּ d-1during the grazing intensive finishing phase) until slaughter. The bulls were allocated to grazing area of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, version 9.4). The bulls subjected to creep-feeding system had greater BW at beginning of rearing phase (+14 kg) and beginning of rainy season (+18 kg; P = 0.03; Figure 1). At beginning of finishing phase and slaughter, the bulls had the same BW (P ≥ 0.71; Table 1). The back and rump fat thickness measures showed tendency to be different between the treatments (P ≤ 0.10), where creep-fed animals were greater. Probably, creep-fed bulls slowed down their BW gain during the rainy season on rearing and finishing phases, due to presenting a change in the gain composition. Creep-feeding may have influenced the puberty of these bulls, and caused them to begin deposition of fat earlier than those that did not receive creep-feeding. Thus, the animal tends to balance BW with changes in the gain composition, and the percentage of muscle tissue tends to reduce, while the proportion of fat tends to increase. Creep-feeding supplementation increased the animals weaning weight by 14 kg but, it was not able to influence the slaughter weight due to changes in the gain composition.
PSIV-14 Short-term heat stress affects the plasma metabolome of Florida Cracker sheep
Authors: Harrison Makenzie , Mills-Widemon Anijia , Ikuejamoye-Omotore Sola , Reyes Zaira M Estrada , Ogunade Ibukun M , Cervantes Andres Pech , Terrill Thomas H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Florida Cracker sheep is a heritage sheep breed and an endangered species that was developed under natural selection in Florida, US. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term heat stress on the plasma metabolome of Florida Cracker ewes (2 yr). A total of fourteen ewes were allocated to heat stress (HT, n = 7) or cooling (CTL, n = 7) conditions for 6 wk during the summer season. Treatment groups were grouped in covered concrete floor pens with similar dimensions and characteristics and had access to shelter, feed, and freshwater ad libitum. The HT pen was exposed to regular ambient temperatures, and for the cooling pen, an evaporative cooling fan was used. Data for ambient temperature and relative humidity of HT and CTL pens were recorded every week to estimate the temperature humidity index (THI). Blood samples were collected from each experimental ewe 1 wk before the start of the experiment (baseline) and at wk 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 post-treatment. Plasma was extracted from the blood and processed for targeted metabolomics. Targeted metabolomics was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to quantify a total of 50 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, hexoses, lipids, and carnitines. Statistical analysis for biomarker and pathway enrichment was performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. The THI values for the HT and THI groups ranged from 81.3 to 89.5 and from 73.5 to 75.6, respectively. A total of 19 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between HT and CTL. The pathway enrichment analysis showed upregulation of fatty acid and primary bile biosynthesis, and glutathione, porphyrin, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (P ≤ 0.05) in HT compared with CTL sheep. These metabolic pathways could have a role in the response of the ewes to short-term HT. Our findings highlight that short-term HT alters the plasma metabolome of Florida Cracker ewes. Understanding these changes can contribute to the development of effective management strategies to mitigate the detrimental impact of HT on sheep operations in the Southern US.
PSV-20 Supplementation of an electrolyte solution improves water intake in receiving beef cattle under commercial feedlot conditions
Authors: Seymour Dave J , de Carvalho Isabela P C , Martín-Tereso Javier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During transport to and receiving at feedlots, cattle are exposed to a variety of stressors, including changes in social structure due to separation and mixing of groups, handling, and a lack of access to feed and water for extended periods of time. These stressors often result in loss of body mass and dehydration, which if not adequately addressed upon feedlot arrival, may result in increased morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate changes in body weight (BW) and water intake in cattle supplemented with an electrolyte solution upon feedlot arrival. Shipments of animals were weighed upon arrival at a commercial feedlot operation and moved to a set of holding pens where animals remained for a 3-d receiving period prior to entry into the feedlot. Sets of holding pens (n = 5 sets of 4 pens per treatment) were blocked by arrival date and randomly assigned to receive either a negative control (water) or an electrolyte solution during the receiving period. Daily free-choice fluid intake was monitored per pen, and animals were weighed at the end of the receiving period. Average fluid intake per animal was increased by 46.9 % (10.3 L/d; P = 0.013) in response to the addition of electrolyte. No differences due to treatment were observed in average origin BW, arrival BW, or BW recovery. This suggests that while recovery of BW was not affected, supplementing receiving cattle with an electrolyte solution may be an effective method of improving hydration status prior to feedlot entry. Future work aims to evaluate potential changes in morbidity and mortality during the finishing period following a similar supplementation strategy.