bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Thai Health Improvement Profile intervention on the physical health and health behaviours of people with schizophrenia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Meepring Soontareeporn , Chien Wai Tong , Gray Richard , Bressington Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhysical health problems and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours are common in people with severe mental illness (SMI), leading to high levels of mortality.There is some evidence that nurse‐led interventions involving comprehensive health checks may be effective in improving physical health in people with SMI. This quasi‐experimental before‐and‐after study investigated the impacts of the Thai Health Improvement Profile (HIP‐T) on the physical health and health behaviours of people with schizophrenia over 1‐year. All 105 service‐users who volunteered to participate completed the study. There were significant reductions in mean BMI (−0.78 kg/m2, P < .001) and bodyweight (−1.13 kg, P < .001) at post‐test. There was also a significant decrease in the total number of “red‐flagged” HIP‐T items, suggesting lowered potential health risks (P < .001). Overall, 23 patients (22%) were found to have moved to a healthier BMI classification after 1‐year. The findings suggest that the HIP‐T intervention has potential for improving the physical health of people with SMI when integrated into routine community mental health care.
Effectiveness of a mobile cooperation intervention during the clinical practicum of nursing students: a parallel group randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Strandell‐Laine Camilla , Saarikoski Mikko , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Salminen Leena , Suomi Reima , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe a study protocol for a study evaluating the effectiveness of a mobile cooperation intervention to improve students’ competence level, self‐efficacy in clinical performance and satisfaction with the clinical learning environment.BackgroundNursing student–nurse teacher cooperation during the clinical practicum has a vital role in promoting the learning of students. Despite an increasing interest in using mobile technologies to improve the clinical practicum of students, there is limited robust evidence regarding their effectiveness.DesignA multicentre, parallel group, randomized, controlled, pragmatic, superiority trial.MethodsSecond‐year pre‐registration nursing students who are beginning a clinical practicum will be recruited from one university of applied sciences. Eligible students will be randomly allocated to either a control group (engaging in standard cooperation) or an intervention group (engaging in mobile cooperation) for the 5‐week the clinical practicum. The complex mobile cooperation intervention comprises of a mobile application‐assisted, nursing student–nurse teacher cooperation and a training in the functions of the mobile application. The primary outcome is competence. The secondary outcomes include self‐efficacy in clinical performance and satisfaction with the clinical learning environment. Moreover, a process evaluation will be undertaken. The ethical approval for this study was obtained in December 2014 and the study received funding in 2015.DiscussionThe results of this study will provide robust evidence on mobile cooperation during the clinical practicum, a research topic that has not been consistently studied to date.
Ecological opportunity, historical biogeography and diversification in a major lineage of salamanders
Authors: Wray Kenneth P. , Steppan Scott J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimSpelerpini is a major radiation in the Plethodontidae, the largest family of salamanders. Seventy‐five percent of its species richness occurs inEurycea, one of its six genera. We hypothesized that this was the result of the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway that provided ecological opportunity via ancestral range expansion into novel geographical regions, leading to an adaptive radiation.LocationEastern North America.MethodsWe sampled all but one species and two subspecies of extant Spelerpini, including several putative species, for four genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches to generate a comprehensive, robust phylogeny. We used five fossil calibrations to generate a chronogram, a likelihood framework to estimate the ancestral ranges/splits of all nodes on the phylogeny, and a Bayesian inference method to estimate diversification rate shifts putting the evolution of this group into a historical biogeographical context.ResultsA well‐resolved, strongly supported phylogeny of the Spelerpini was recovered.Euryceais among the oldest genera within the Spelerpini, originatingc. 42 Ma with an ancestor occurring in four of five physiographical regions, each corresponding to a majorEurycealineage. There is strong support for a rate shift in the Edwards Plateau neotenicEurycea.Main conclusionsA pattern of niche lability was found in the Spelerpini, as opposed to a pattern of niche conservatism found in other major radiations of plethodontids in eastern North America. The genusEuryceadispersed widely into novel regions experiencing ecological opportunity as the Western Interior Seaway transgressed. This represents the first fossil calibrated and the most thoroughly sampled phylogeny of the group to date.
Secular trends in blood pressure in children: A systematic review
Authors: Roulet Céline , Bovet Pascal , Brauchli Thomas , Simeoni Umberto , Xi Bo , Santschi Valérie , Paradis Gilles , Chiolero Arnaud 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) is expected to have increased over time in children in most countries due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. The authors conducted a systematic review of studies assessing secular trends in BP in children and adolescents. Of 1739 citations screened, the authors identified 18 studies including 2 042 470 participants examined between 1963 and 2012. Thirteen studies were conducted in high‐income countries, five in middle‐income countries, and none in low‐income countries. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased in 17 studies and decreased in one study. BP decreased over time in 13 studies, increased in four, and did not change in one. These findings suggest that secular trends in BP do not mirror secular trends in overweight. This implies that other factors mitigate the effect of overweight on BP in children and adolescents.
Effects of EMD liquid (Osteogain) on periodontal healing in class III furcation defects in monkeys
Authors: Shirakata Yoshinori , Miron Richard J. , Nakamura Toshiaki , Sena Kotaro , Shinohara Yukiya , Horai Naoto , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Noguchi Kazuyuki , Sculean Anton 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of a novel liquid carrier system of enamel matrix derivative (Osteogain) soaked on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) upon periodontal wound healing/regeneration in furcation defects in monkeys.Materials and MethodsThe stability of the conventional enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) and Osteogain adsorbed onto ACS was evaluated by ELISA. Chronic class III furcation defects were created at teeth 36, 37, 46, 47 in three monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The 12 defects were assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) open flap debridement (OFD) + ACS, (2) OFD+Emdogain/ACS, (3) OFD+Osteogain/ACS, and (4) OFD alone. At 16 weeks following reconstructive surgery, the animals were killed for histological evaluation.ResultsA 20–60% significantly higher amount of total adsorbed amelogenin was found for ACS‐loaded Osteogain when compared to Emdogain. The histomorphometric analysis revealed that both approaches (OFD + Emdogain/ACS and OFD + Osteogain/ACS) resulted in higher amounts of connective tissue attachment and bone formation compared to treatment with OFD + ACS and OFD alone. Furthermore, OFD + Osteogain/ACS group showed higher new attachment formation, cementum, and new bone area.ConclusionsWithin their limits, the present data indicate that Osteogain possesses favourable physicochemical properties facilitating adsorption of amelogenin on ACS and may additionally enhance periodontal wound healing/regeneration when compared to Emdogain.
Clinical and radiographic intra‐subject comparison of implants placed with or without guided bone regeneration: 15‐year results
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Bernasconi Mira , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo test whether implants placed with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) differ from implants placed withoutGBRregarding survival rate, interproximal marginal bone level (MBL), and dimensions of buccal bone and mucosa.Material and MethodsTwenty‐three patients treated 15 years earlier were included. Machined implants had been inserted following one of the two procedures: (i) with simultaneousGBR, which involved grafting with particulate deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), autogenous bone (AB), or a mixture of the two and defect covering with a native collagen membrane (CM) (GBR group) and (ii) standard implant placement withoutGBR(control group). OneGBRand one control implant in each patient were selected for analysis. At 15 years, the dimensions of buccal bone and mucosa were measured with cone beam computed tomography. The interproximalMBLwas evaluated at 5 and 15 years on periapical radiographs.ResultsThe 15‐year survival rate amounted to 95.6% forGBRimplants and to 94.1% for control implants. At 15 years, interproximalMBLmeasured 1.44 ± 0.84 mm for theGBRgroup and 1.69 ± 0.84 mm for the control group. From the 5‐ to the 15‐year examination, the loss of interproximalMBLreached 0.23 ± 0.70 mm for theGBRgroup and 0.28 ± 0.63 mm for the control group. At 15 years, buccalMBLmeasured 1.98 ± 0.98 mm forGBRimplants and 2.19 ± 1.29 mm for control implants. None of these values reached statistical significant differences between the groups. In cases in whichGBRinvolved grafting withDBBM,GBRimplants achieved approximately 0.3–0.4 mm higher mean values in buccal bone dimensions and mucosal level in comparison to control implants. In contrast, whenGBRwas performed by grafting withABwithoutDBBM, implants rendered less favourable results in buccal bone and mucosa dimensions than the control implants.ConclusionsImplants placed with simultaneousGBRusing particulateDBBMand/orABin combination withCMdid not significantly differ from implants completely placed into pristine bone with respect to 15‐year implant survival, interproximal bone levels, and dimensions of buccal bone and mucosa. The machined‐surface implants placed both into native bone and sites augmented byGBRexhibited stable interproximal bone levels.
Commentary: ‘Unhealthy diet,’ nutrient status, and ADHD symptoms: a confounding role for environmental nitrous oxide exposure – reflections on Rijlaarsdam et al. (2016)
Authors: Fluegge Keith 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRijlaarsdam et al. (2016) recently published their findings utilizing a longitudinal design showing that prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was positively associated with IGF2 DNA methylation at birth across both youth cohorts. However, only in the EOP youth was prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ positively associated with ADHD symptoms presumably through IGF2 DNA hypermethylation. Rijlaarsdam et al.'s () choice to assess high fat and sugar diet with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) may offer some indication as to prenatal nutrient status, as the foods identified by the FFQ in their study are relatively low in free choline. It has been shown that gestational choline deficiency in rats leads to hypermethylation of IGF2. Consistent with the literature describing an association between air pollution and cognitive neurodevelopmental impairment, the author of this commentary has previously proposed through empirical investigation that chronic environmental exposure to the trace levels of the pervasive air pollutant, nitrous oxide (N2O), may facilitate core features of neurodevelopmental disorders, like ADHD. Impaired acetylcholine synthesis in rats exposed to N2O has been shown, with a 53% reduction in [1‐2H2,2‐2H2] choline. Low‐dose N2O exposure is also thought to stimulate central release of opioid peptides, like dynorphin, which play a role in significantly increasing food intake behavior and/or modulating sucrose intake. Taken altogether, these studies present a strong confounder to the interpretation made by Rijlaarsdam et al. () that prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ may play a role in the onset of ADHD symptoms in youth with EOP conduct problems through induction of IGF2 DNA hypermethylation. While the ‘unhealthy diet’ may represent possible maternal nutrient deficiencies during gestation, it is also possible that exposure to air pollutants, particularly N2O, may not only directly reduce fetal cholinergic status thereby enhancing IGF2 DNA hypermethylation but may also significantly modulate maternal food intake behaviors (i.e. sucrose).
Telangiectasia of the face: risk factors for reappearance in patients treated with dye laser
Authors: Guida S. , Galimberti M.G. , Bencini M. , Pellacani G. , Bencini P.L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundLasers can be successfully used in the treatment of facial telangiectasias. Nevertheless, reappearance of telangiectasias after successful laser treatment is a significant problem. Risk factors involved in the reappearance have not been previously investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether personal, clinical and behavioural factors can influence the recurrence or new appearance of telangiectasias after treatment.MethodsFour hundred and fifteen women and 69 men obtaining complete clearance after laser treatment were included in the study and the role of different risk factors in the reappearance of telangiectasias was analysed. Immunocompromised patients were excluded. A statistical analysis was then performed.ResultsTwenty four percent of women and 14.5% of men enrolled showed a persistent clearance after treatment. In women in whom telangiectasias reappeared, logistic regression highlighted the importance of tanning addiction, aesthetic medicine and surgery procedures as risk factors, while therapy for menopause was found to be a protective factor. Hypertension was found to be a risk factor in men.ConclusionsThe efficacy of laser for treatment of telangiectasias of the face has been previously proven. Nevertheless, this is the first study presenting an analysis of risk factors involved in the new appearance of telangiectasias after the clearance induced by therapy.
Host lifespan and the evolution of resistance to multiple parasites
Authors: Donnelly R. , White A. , Boots M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHosts are typically challenged by multiple parasites, but to date theory on the evolution of resistance has mainly focused on single infections. We develop a series of models that examine the impact of multiple parasites on the evolution of resistance under the assumption that parasites coexist at the host population scale as a consequence of superinfection. In this way, we are able to explicitly examine the impact of ecological dynamics on the evolutionary outcome. We use our models to address a key question of how host lifespan affects investment in resistance to multiple parasites. We show that investment in costly resistance depends on the specificity of the immune response and on whether or not the focal parasite leads to more acute infection than the co‐circulating parasite. A key finding is that investment in resistance always increases as the immune response becomes more general independently of whether it is the focal or the co‐circulating parasite that exploits the host most aggressively. Long‐lived hosts always invest more than short‐lived hosts in both general resistance and resistance that is specific to relatively acute focal parasites. However, for specific resistance to parasites that are less acute than co‐circulating parasites it is the short‐lived hosts that are predicted to invest most. We show that these results apply whatever the mode of defence, that is whether it is through avoidance or through increased recovery, with or without acquired immunity, or through acquired immunity itself. As a whole, our results emphasize the importance of considering multiple parasites in determining optimal immune investment in eco‐evolutionary systems.
Divergence in brain composition during the early stages of ecological specialization in Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Montgomery S. H. , Merrill R. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDuring speciation across ecological gradients, diverging populations are exposed to contrasting sensory and spatial information that present new behavioural and perceptive challenges. These challenges may be met by heritable or environmentally induced changes in brain function which mediate behaviour. However, few studies have investigated patterns of neural divergence at the early stages of speciation, inhibiting our understanding of the relative importance of these processes. Here, we provide a novel case study. The incipient species pair, Heliconius erato and H. himera, are parapatric across an environmental and altitudinal gradient. Despite ongoing gene flow, these species have divergent ecological, behavioural and physiological traits. We demonstrate that these taxa also differ significantly in brain composition, in particular in the relative levels of investment in structures that process sensory information. These differences are not explained solely by environmentally‐induced plasticity, but include heritable, nonallometric shifts in brain structure. We suggest these differences reflect divergence to meet the demands of contrasting sensory ecologies. This conclusion would support the hypothesis that the evolution of brain structure and function play an important role in facilitating the emergence of ecologically distinct species.
An outbreak of Shewanella putrefaciens group in wild eels Anguilla anguilla L. favoured by hypoxic aquatic environments
Authors: Esteve C , Merchán R , Alcaide E 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicrobiological analyses were conducted on wild eels from the L′Albufera Lake (Spain). A total of 174 individuals were collected in two surveys (i.e. year 2008 and autumn–winter 2014) among those caught by local fishermen into the lagoon. The prevalence of Shewanella putrefaciens group was 1.7% in 2008 and rose above 32% in 2014. It was due to an outbreak of shewanellosis that presented a morbidity rate of 64%. S. putrefaciens group strains were isolated as pure cultures from the sick eels that showed white ulcers surrounded by a reddish inflammation, damage of the mouth, extensive skin discoloration, exophthalmia, ascites and bad odour. The S. putrefaciens group was recovered from freshwater samples taken at the L′Albufera system, along autumn–winter 2015. Its counts significantly increased in freshwater parallel to hypoxia and temperature rising. Shewanellae strains were identified as S. putrefaciens and S. xiamenensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These isolates recovered from sick eels or freshwater were virulent for European eel by IP challenge (LD50 106 CFU g−1 body weight). They also caused 30–38% cumulative mortality, in European eels challenged by a 2‐h bath (107 CFU mL−1). These results suggest that shewanellosis could be transmitted through water highlighting the fact that hypoxic conditions increase this bacterium levels in water.
Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (HGA): a neglected cause of bilateral progressive or recurrent facial palsy
Authors: Sagnelli Anna , Piscosquito Giuseppe , Di Bella Daniela , Fadda Laura , Melzi Lisa , Morico Antonio , Ciano Claudia , Taroni Franco , Facchetti Dante , Salsano Ettore , Pareyson Davide 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe report the first Italian family affected by hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (HGA), a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by adult‐onset slowly progressive cranial neuropathy, lattice corneal dystrophy, and cutis laxa. The index case was a 39‐year‐old male with a 9‐year history of progressive bilateral facial nerve palsy. His mother had two episodes of acute facial palsy, and his maternal aunt and grandfather were also affected. Electrophysiological studies confirmed bilateral facial nerve involvement, without signs of peripheral polyneuropathy, and ophthalmological examination showed bilateral lattice corneal dystrophy, in both the index case and his mother. Gelsolin‐gene sequencing revealed the heterozygous c.640G>A mutation (p.Asp187Asn) in the proband, his mother and aunt and also in three apparently asymptomatic relatives. The majority of HGA patients come from Finland, although several cases have been reported from other countries. HGA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of progressive or recurrent bilateral facial neuropathy.
Urinary incontinence and its management in patients aged 65 and older in orthopaedic care – what nursing and rehabilitation staff know and do
Authors: Hälleberg Nyman Maria , Forsman Henrietta , Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Hommel Ami , Eldh Ann Catrine 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe what nursing and rehabilitation staff know and do with regard to urinary incontinence and risk of urinary incontinence in patients 65 years or older undergoing hip surgery.BackgroundUrinary incontinence is a common but often neglected issue for older people. Despite the existence of evidence‐based guidelines on how to assess, manage and prevent urinary incontinence, there are indications that these guidelines are not applied in hospital care.DesignA qualitative study with descriptive design was conducted in two orthopaedic units.MethodsForty‐six interviews and 36 observations of care were conducted from January–October 2014 and analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsEnrolled nurses performed most of the care related to bladder function, with focus on urinary catheterisation and preventing urinary tract infection and urinary retention. Registered nurses’ role in urinary matters mainly comprised documentation, while the rehabilitation staff focused on making it possible for the patient to be independent in toileting. The nursing staff considered urinary incontinence a common condition for older people and that it was convenient for the patients to have an indwelling catheter or incontinence pad/pant, although they acknowledged some of the risks associated with these procedures.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence is not a priority in orthopaedic care, and urinary incontinence guidelines are not applied. Further, attitudes and actions are mainly characterised by a lack of urinary incontinence knowledge and the nursing and rehabilitation staff do not take a team approach to preventing and managing urinary incontinence.Relevance to clinical practiceAn increased focus on knowledge on urinary incontinence and evidence‐based guidelines is needed. To secure evidence‐based practice, the team of nursing and rehabilitation staff and managers must be aligned and work actively together, also including the patient in the team.