bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in release kinetics of unwashed and washed platelet‐released supernatants from bone substitute materials: the impact of platelet preparation modalities
Authors: Knoop C. , Edelmayer M. , Janjić K. , Pensch M. , Fischer M. B. , Gruber R. , Agis H. 
Published: March 2017

Background and objectiveIn regenerative dentistry, platelet preparations are applied to stimulate bone healing and periodontal regeneration. Here, we pursue a strategy where bone substitutes are used as carriers for platelet‐released supernatants. The mitogenic capacity and release kinetics of loaded bone substitutes were assessed.Material and MethodsPlatelet‐released supernatants of washed platelets (washed PRS) and platelet‐released supernatants of unwashed platelets (unwashed PRS) were lyophilized onto the bone substitutes deproteinized bovine bone mineral, hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken. Supernatants of bone substitutes were collected at hours 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 and medium was replaced. We evaluated the protein content with the bicinchoninic acid assay and the effect on proliferation using bioassays with human periodontal fibroblasts. Release of growth factors from the loaded bone substitutes was measured based on the platelet‐derived growth factor isoform (PDGF‐BB) and thrombin immunoassays. Furthermore, we assessed DNA and RNA content of washed PRS and unwashed PRS.ResultsUnwashed PRS showed higher total protein concentrations than washed PRS, while the concentration of PDGF‐BB, thrombin, DNA, RNA and their mitogenic effect was not significantly different. The bone substitute materials adsorbed protein over time but no significant changes in overall appearance was found. Supernatants collected from unwashed PRS‐loaded bone substitute after 1 h induced a potent mitogenic response in periodontal fibroblasts. This pro‐mitogenic capacity of the supernatants decreased over the observation period. Supernatants of washed PRS‐loaded bone substitutes did not induce a substantial mitogenic effect. Levels of PDGF‐BB, thrombin and protein were higher in supernatants of unwashed PRS‐loaded bone substitutes than of washed PRS‐loaded bone substitutes.ConclusionBone substitutes loaded with unwashed PRS, but not bone substitutes loaded with washed PRS show continuously declining release kinetics. These data suggest that plasma components in platelet preparations can modify the release kinetics profile.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of HCV clearance
Authors: Gauthiez Emeline , Habfast‐Robertson Ines , Rüeger Sina , Kutalik Zoltan , Aubert Vincent , Berg Thomas , Cerny Andreas , Gorgievski Meri , George Jacob , Heim Markus H. , Malinverni Raffaele , Moradpour Darius , Müllhaupt Beat , Negro Francesco , Semela David , Semmo Nasser , Villard Jean , Bibert Stéphanie , Bochud Pierre‐Yves ,   the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile hepatitis C exemplifies the role of host genetics in infectious diseases outcomes, there is no comprehensive overview of polymorphisms influencing spontaneous and/or treatment‐induced hepatitis C virus clearance. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of host polymorphisms associated with these phenotypes. Literature search was conducted using combinations of keywords in three databases. Studies were reviewed and relevant data systematically extracted for subsequent meta‐analyses. Polymorphisms from candidate gene studies were tested in two cohorts of HCV‐infected patients with available genomic data. The literature search yielded 8'294 citations, among which 262 studies were selected. In the meta‐analysis of 27 HLA studies, the most significant associations with spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance included DQB1*02, DQB1*03, DRB1*04 and DRB1*11. In the meta‐analysis of 16 studies of KIR genes and their HLA‐ligands, KIR2DS3 was associated with both spontaneous and treatment‐induced clearance, and the HLA‐C2 ligand with failure to spontaneously clear the virus. In a pooled analysis of 105 candidate genes and two genome‐wide association studies, we observed associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms from nine genes (EIF2AK2, IFNAR2, ITPA, MBL2, MX1, OASL, SPP1, TGFB1, TNK2) with response to interferon‐based therapy. Meta‐analysis of 141 studies confirmed the association of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with spontaneous and treatment‐induced hepatitis C virus clearance, even in previously underpowered groups, such as hepatitis C virus genotypes 2/3‐infected patients. This study may contribute to a better understanding of hepatitis C virus immunopathogenesis and highlights the complex role of host genetics in hepatitis C virus clearance.
Revegetation rewilds the soil bacterial microbiome of an old field
Authors: Gellie Nicholas J. C. , Mills Jacob G. , Breed Martin F. , Lowe Andrew J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEcological restoration is a globally important and well‐financed management intervention used to combat biodiversity declines and land degradation. Most restoration aims to increase biodiversity towards a reference state, but there are concerns that intended outcomes are not reached due to unsuccessful interventions and land‐use legacy issues. Monitoring biodiversity recovery is essential to measure success; however, most projects remain insufficiently monitored. Current field‐based methods are hard to standardize and are limited in their ability to assess important components of ecosystems, such as bacteria. High‐throughput amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA (metabarcoding of eDNA) has been proposed as a cost‐effective, scalable and uniform ecological monitoring solution, but its application in restoration remains largely untested. Here we show that metabarcoding of soil eDNA is effective at demonstrating the return of the native bacterial community in an old field following native plant revegetation. Bacterial composition shifted significantly after 8 years of revegetation, where younger sites were more similar to cleared sites and older sites were more similar to remnant stands. Revegetation of the native plant community strongly impacted on the belowground bacterial community, despite the revegetated sites having a long and dramatically altered land‐use history (i.e. >100 years grazing). We demonstrate that metabarcoding of eDNA provides an effective way of monitoring changes in bacterial communities that would otherwise go unchecked with conventional monitoring of restoration projects. With further development, awareness of microbial diversity in restoration has significant scope for improving the efficacy of restoration interventions more broadly.
Does fiscal policy affect the monetary transmission mechanism? A monetary theory of production (MTP) response to the new consensus macroeconomics (NCM) perspective
Authors: Fontana Giuseppe , Pacella Andrea , Realfonzo Riccardo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDrawing on the contributions of Augusto Graziani to the so‐called monetary theory of production, this article aims to show that an accommodative monetary policy—as defended in the new consensus macroeconomics theory and supported by current practice around the world—has the maximum effect in stimulating aggregate demand and income when it is implemented in conjunction with a coordinated discretionary fiscal policy that boosts the demand for and the supply of loans via the reduction of the liquidity risk and the insolvency risk. As a result, the potentially beneficial effects of the traditional Keynesian fiscal multiplier are significantly amplified.
Astrocyte activation and capillary remodeling in modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion mice
Authors: Song Jiangman , Nan Di , He Qihua , Yang Lu , Guo Huailian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe cerebral ischemia leads to brain dysfunction with neuron degeneration and responses from astrocytes and vessels. The aim of this study was to study the changes of astrocyte and microvessel in modified BCCAO mice.MethodsAdult transgenic Tie2‐GFP mice were subjected to modified BCCAO operation and cranial window implantation. CBF and neurological injury were examined after ischemia. Astrocytes and vessels were investigated by two‐photon laser‐scanning microscope and confocal laser‐scanning microscope in vivo.ResultsThe CBF decreased to approximately 40% of the baseline in the ischemic mice (P<.05). The neuron damage was explicit after the cerebral ischemia (P<.05), while no significant impairment of the motor and cognitive function was detected (P>.05). The density of astrocyte and volume of the astrocyte soma was increased significantly after ischemia (P<.01). Meanwhile, the mean distance between the penetrating artery and the nearest astrocyte soma decreased significantly (P<.01). Besides, the increased diameter of capillary and change of vessel arrangement were observed.ConclusionThe cerebral ischemia was successfully induced by this modified BCCAO model. Astrocyte activation and the capillary remodeling, including dilution of capillary and tortuosity, were observed in this model.
Responsibility for implicit bias
Authors: Holroyd Jules , Scaife Robin , Stafford Tom 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearch programs in empirical psychology from the past two decades have revealed implicit biases. Although implicit processes are pervasive, unavoidable, and often useful aspects of our cognitions, they may also lead us into error. The most problematic forms of implicit cognition are those which target social groups, encoding stereotypes or reflecting prejudicial evaluative hierarchies. Despite intentions to the contrary, implicit biases can influence our behaviours and judgements, contributing to patterns of discriminatory behaviour. These patterns of discrimination are obviously wrong and unjust. But in remedying such wrongs, one question to be addressed concerns responsibility for implicit bias. Unlike some paradigmatic forms of wrongdoing, such discrimination is often unintentional, unendorsed, and perpetrated without awareness; and the harms are particularly damaging because they are cumulative and collectively perpetrated. So, what are we to make of questions of responsibility? In this article, we outline some of the main lines of recent philosophical thought, which address questions of responsibility for implicit bias. We focus on (a) the kind of responsibility at issue; (b) revisionist versus nonrevisionist conceptions of responsibility as applied to implicit bias; and (c) individual, institutional, and collective responsibility for implicit bias.
Blood Pressure Management in Hemodialysis Patients: What We Know And What Questions Remain
Authors: Miskulin Dana C. , Weiner Daniel E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite having thousands of blood pressure (BP) readings on individual dialysis patients over the course of a year, our knowledge about the optimal assessment of BP, the mechanisms underlying hypertension and its management remain incomplete. Observational studies reveal that BP is lower at home than when measured in the dialysis unit. However, we do not know if using home vs. in‐center measurements to guide treatment decisions improves BP control and/or clinical outcomes. Moreover, a recent US study suggests that typical hemodialysis patients are unlikely to adhere to home monitoring over the long term. Volume excess is one of probably many factors mediating hypertension in this population. A randomized clinical trial of aggressively challenging dry weight in patients without overt signs of fluid overload was shown to reduce BP, but there was an increase in vascular access thrombosis and intradialytic hypotension episodes. Long‐term studies have not been done; thus, we do not know whether “squeezing dry weight” as a means to control BP is of more benefit than harm. Daily or prolonged nocturnal dialysis consistently has been shown to lower BP. To what extent this is a result of enhanced solute clearance vs. removal of excess volume is not clear. Use of bioimpedance or relative blood volume monitoring to guide fluid management has been tested in small studies, but more data are needed to determine whether their use impacts clinical outcomes. Well‐designed clinical trials to determine whether a specific antihypertensive drug class is of benefit, independent of BP lowering, are lacking. The BP target that optimizes outcomes HD patients is also unknown. Observational studies consistently show poorer survival with predialysis BP <140/90 mmHg, although such studies likely are confounded by low BP due to cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities. In this review, we discuss what is known and the questions that remain regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, etiology, and management of hypertension in hemodialysis patients.
Residual Kidney Function: Implications in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Shafi Tariq , Mullangi Surekha , Toth‐Manikowski Stephanie M. , Hwang Seungyoung , Michels Wieneke M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe association of residual kidney function (RKF) with improved outcomes in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients is now widely recognized. RKF provides substantial volume and solute clearance even after dialysis initiation. In particular, RKF provides clearance of nonurea solutes, many of which are potential uremic toxins and not effectively removed by conventional hemodialysis. The presence of RKF provides a distinct advantage to incident dialysis patients and is an opportunity for nephrologists to individualize dialysis treatments tailored to their patients’ unique solute, volume, and quality of life needs. The benefits of RKF present the opportunity to personalize the management of uremia.
Assessment of propulsive pin force and oar angle time‐series using functional data analysis in on‐water rowing
Authors: Warmenhoven J. , Cobley S. , Draper C. , Harrison A. J. , Bargary N. , Smith R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe graphical presentation of the propulsive force applied at the pin plotted relative to the horizontal angle of the oar has been used practically in on‐water rowing for the qualitative assessment of skill. How the pattern is related to performance variables has not been well identified, particularly for highly trained sculling athletes. Bivariate functional principal components analysis (bfPCA) was used on force‐angle data to identify the main modes of variance in curves representing twenty‐seven female rowers of different competition levels (national level and international level), rowing at 32 strokes per minute in a single scull boat. Discriminant function analysis showed moderate classification of rowers using force‐angle graphs across both sides of the boat, with rate of force development identified as a potentially important characteristic for international rowers. Additionally for the bow‐side, spending less time in the first half of the drive phase was also identified as an important feature for international rowers. Multiple linear regression of scores from the bfPCAs showed that a more pronounced front‐peaked profile was associated with a higher average boat velocity. The results of this demonstrate that different characteristics of the force‐angle graph may be associated with different metrics of performance.
Geographic exposure risk of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in US blood donors: a risk‐ranking model to evaluate alternative donor‐deferral policies
Authors: Yang Hong , Huang Yin , Gregori Luisa , Asher David M. , Bui Travis , Forshee Richard A. , Anderson Steven A. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDVariant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) has been transmitted by blood transfusion (TTvCJD). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends deferring blood donors who resided in or traveled to 30 European countries where they may have been exposed to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) through beef consumption. Those recommendations warrant re‐evaluation, because new cases of BSE and vCJD have markedly abated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe FDA developed a risk‐ranking model to calculate the geographic vCJD risk using country‐specific case rates and person‐years of exposure of US blood donors. We used the reported country vCJD case rates, when available, or imputed vCJD case rates from reported BSE and UK beef exports during the risk period. We estimated the risk reduction and donor loss should the deferral be restricted to a few high‐risk countries. We also estimated additional risk reduction by leukocyte reduction (LR) of red blood cells (RBCs).RESULTSThe United Kingdom, Ireland, and France had the greatest vCJD risk, contributing approximately 95% of the total risk. The model estimated that deferring US donors who spent extended periods of time in these three countries, combined with currently voluntary LR (95% of RBC units), would reduce the vCJD risk by 89.3%, a reduction similar to that achieved under the current policy (89.8%). Limiting deferrals to exposure in these three countries would potentially allow donations from an additional 100,000 donors who are currently deferred.CONCLUSIONOur analysis suggests that a deferral option focusing on the three highest risk countries would achieve a level of blood safety similar to that achieved by the current policy.
La Oficina del Historiador de La Habana al rescate del patrimonio bibliográfico
Authors: Terrón Quintero Grisel 
Published: March 2017

<p>La Oficina del Historiador de la ciudad de La Habana constituye, desde su fundación en 1938, una institución de vanguardia capaz de mostrar una obra cultural y social que trasciende su espacio geográfico y jurídico. Desde sus inicios la Oficina del Historiador ensayó variantes novedosas que facilitaron el rescate del patrimonio. El “período especial”, iniciado en los años noventa, reconfiguró las potestades del Historiador y su Oficina para garantizar un espacio de innovación que pusiera a salvo la cultura y el patrimonio. El trabajo analiza las alternativas empleadas para rescatar, preservar y difundir el patrimonio bibliográfico a partir de los años noventa.</p>
Poética de la descivilización
Authors: Jurado Velasco Rodrigo Geovanny , Landy Guamán Carmen Enriqueta 
Published: March 2017

La escultura pública se edifica para civilizar el discurso del poder. En su intento por educar a la población en el respeto al orden establecido, el poder constituido pone en marcha, de manera sistemática, varios dispositivos: la ocupación del espacio público, la exaltación a la imagen, la alusión a la memoria cívica. Así, la escultura del escritor ecuatoriano, Juan Montalvo (Ambato, Ecuador, 1832-1889), ha servido para establecer una fuerte conexión con uno de los “héroes” del pasado, cuya memoria ha servido para construir gran parte de la historia local contemporánea. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la escultura ha sufrido varias agresiones. Las autoridades se han limitado a clasificarlas como “hechos delictivos”, y no se han analizado o estudiado estos acontecimientos. Este artículo de reflexión, por tanto, plantea la pregunta: ¿Qué narra la agresión al conjunto escultórico de Montalvo? Para contestarla, presenta una lectura de la agresión en el contexto cultural actual que atraviesan la ciudad y sus habitantes. Su argumento es que el proyecto civilizatorio del poder constituido enfrenta gestos contestatarios que, lejos de ser negativos, pueden abrir la puerta a la inclusión de voces disidentes en la narración de su propia historia pública
EL PATRIMONIO TERRITORIAL COMO MIRADA INTEGRADA DEL AMBIENTE. Análisis del frente fluvial metropolitano de Rosario
Authors: Galimberti Cecilia Inés 
Published: March 2017

En la presente investigación se plantea que las miradas parciales del patrimonio fragmentan y sectorizan el enorme potencial de la identidad territorial que liga y unifica. El patrimonio cultural constituye un recurso no renovable del ambiente, por lo cual se propone su revalorización y protección a través de una lectura integrada de los componentes presentes en él. A través de un análisis crítico-interpretativo se toma como caso de estudio el frente fluvial metropolitano de Rosario (Argentina), a fin de comprender la importancia del patrimonio territorial al ser abordado en su conjunto. Para que la protección y valorización de las huellas existentes sean exitosas, deben ser objeto de la acción colectiva y estar activamente comprometidas tanto con el pasado de la comunidad como también dar respuesta a sus necesidades actuales. De este modo, se propone que las intervenciones patrimoniales por realizar en cada territorio deben mantener una perspectiva que supere los límites jurisdiccionales geográficos, los temporales y los construidos por el hombre, a fin de realizar acciones atentas a la identidad del lugar y no con el mero fin de atraer el turismo o potenciar las plusvalías del mercado.
A Library for Portable and Composable Data Locality Optimizations for NUMA Systems
Authors: Majo Zoltan , Gross Thomas R. 
Published: March 2017

Many recent multiprocessor systems are realized with a nonuniform memory architecture (NUMA) and accesses to remote memory locations take more time than local memory accesses. Optimizing NUMA memory system performance is difficult and costly for three principal reasons: (1) Today’s programming languages/libraries have no explicit support for NUMA systems, (2) NUMA optimizations are not portable, and (3) optimizations are not composable (i.e., they can become ineffective or worsen performance in environments that support composable parallel software).
This article presents TBB-NUMA, a parallel programming library based on Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) that supports portable and composable NUMA-aware programming. TBB-NUMA provides a model of task affinity that captures a programmer’s insights on mapping tasks to resources. NUMA-awareness affects all layers of the library (i.e., resource management, task scheduling, and high-level parallel algorithm templates) and requires close coupling between all these layers. Optimizations implemented with TBB-NUMA (for a set of standard benchmark programs) result in up to 44% performance improvement over standard TBB. But more important, optimized programs are portable across different NUMA architectures and preserve data locality also when composed with other parallel computations sharing the same resource management layer.
Gatekeeper Mutations and Intratumoral Heterogeneity inFGFR2-Translocated Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Smyth Elizabeth C. , Babina Irina S. , Turner Nicholas C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSummary: FGFR2 genetic translocations are frequent in cholangiocarcinoma, yet despite initial sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors in clinic, patients quickly become resistant to targeted therapies. The work published by Goyal and colleagues demonstrates that acquisition of gatekeeper mutations in FGFR2 and intratumoral heterogeneity drive resistance in patients with FGFR2-translocated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which will have important implications for management of the disease in clinic. Cancer Discov; 7(3); 248–9. ©2017 AACR.See related article by Goyal et al., p. 252.