bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning technical and project management through participatory approaches: An industrial case study
Authors: Garza‐Morales Gisela A. , Nizamis Kostas , den Haan Robert‐Jan , Gosselink Guido , Bonnema G. Maarten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe importance of managing complexity in innovation has been highlighted both in research and practice, however the question remains: how can this be accomplished? Although there have been answers to this question, the practical alignment of process (project management) and system (technical management) viewpoints remains understudied. We responded to this challenge with an in‐depth case study in high‐tech industry. In this paper we applied Human Centered Design (HCD) and Action Research (AR) principles in a novel context, namely systems engineering. We identified main barriers and key players, essential information elements, and solution requirements. Using co‐design, we iteratively generated solution concepts, out of which we selected and evaluated one candidate concept. We highlight two main areas in our results: 1) how participatory approaches can support solving systems engineering challenges in practice; and 2) how to align the process and system viewpoints. For the first, we discuss the implications, considering aspects like the time and effort investment, along with the benefits of ownership, empathy, democracy, and collective learning. Our insights show potential to further build on the application of participatory approaches in systems engineering to match existing solutions to the practice. For the latter one, we reflect on issues such as information overload, human aspects, and the new relationship between project managers and systems engineers. Considering the current complexity demands, it is crucial to establish a better alignment between these roles and between process and system viewpoints, as they cannot be left undefined and unsupported any longer.
A Systematic Literature Review of Policy Analysis and Modeling in Systems Engineering
Authors: Bhada Shamsnaz Virani , Polojärvi Dana , Palmer Erika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) defines systems engineering as “a transdisciplinary and integrative approach to enable the successful realization, use, and retirement of engineered systems, using systems principles and concepts, and scientific, technological, and management methods.” The evolution of engineering practices requires new research in the disciplinary intersections of scientific, technological, and management methods, especially when considering the INCOSE System Engineering Vision of 2035, which identified political, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal factors as becoming modern tenets of system engineering success. Because vast amounts of research have been performed in multidisciplinary engineering areas, this paper examines the research landscape at the intersection of policy modeling and systems engineering by providing a systematic review of the literature to help guide future research based on trends and various guiding considerations. The results of this study will help identify gaps in the field while clarifying future research needs. We have applied the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) protocol, which yielded 38 peer‐reviewed papers related to policy modeling and systems engineering.
Securing Your Eggs in Multiple Baskets — Assuring a Resilient and Secure Supply Chain
Authors: Hause Matthew , Brooks Mitchell , Kennedy Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe global supply chain is a complex system of systems made up of and relying on other complex systems of systems (SoS) to achieve its goals. To take a typical example, Enterprise A is supplied essential parts on a regular basis to manufacture its products. To place the order requires global financial systems, integrated email systems, the internet, multiple telecommunications systems, and supply software provided by large companies. To deliver the parts may require air and maritime transportation systems, the rail network, interstate highway systems, road haulage companies, state and local transportation systems and so forth. When any of these complex systems fail, the impact can be global, and the results catastrophic. Recent examples include the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the COVID pandemic, computer chip shortages delaying the assembly and sales of cars, and, most recently, the baby formula shortage. These were due to disruptions in the supply chain caused by an overreliance on single sourced suppliers who failed to deliver, transportation disruptions, outsourcing of critical parts, supplies, medicines to distant countries, and/or an overreliance on “Just In Time” for inventory management. This is the case of placing too many eggs in too few baskets, and often just one basket. Counterfeit or substandard parts and products can enter the supply chain via graft, breaks in chain of custody, or carelessness. This has included critical mechanical parts on aircraft, chips containing spyware, and substandard or out of date medicines substituted for the real thing resulting in serious illness and death. This complex SoS needs to be examined, studied, and understood in the same way as a mission critical system; threats, vulnerabilities, and risks need to be identified and mitigated and assurance cases defined to ensure a solid and reliable supply chain. This paper will look at the supply chain of an example factory system to determine how some of these problems can be predicted, prevented, mitigated, and solved using the UAF, RAAML and assurance case techniques.
A Method for Human Systems Integration Requirements within Model Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Corl Kenneth , Gallegos Erika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Department of Defense (DoD) employs broad human factors requirements across various applications, resulting in a universal application of the same standards to a multitude of DoD acquisition systems. In unconventional warfare, specifically within missions conducted by US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), operators face intensified workloads and domain‐specific challenges that current human factors considerations do not adequately address. The objective of this paper aims to introduce a novel framework, the Relational and Technological Capstone (RTC), designed to expand existing Human Systems Integration (HSI) requirements. The objective is to enhance the consideration of human factors in USSOCOM missions by addressing the unique challenges posed by intensified workloads and domain‐specific ontologies. The RTC employs a methodology‐driven approach utilizing both architectural and parametric diagrams. It integrates with Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to improve the design of human‐system interactions, incorporating a Special Operations Task List and Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) into aggregated parametrics. The results of this paper demonstrate the efficacy of RTC within MBSE, showcasing its value through improved design processes and as a foundation for new programs. The containment tree format aids in developing USSOCOM MBSE and opens possibilities for automation tools. Continual use of RTC contributes to the maturity of MBSE models and diagrams, fostering the evolution of a federation‐of‐models and Program of Record standards. This not only benefits subsequent SOCOM programs and projects but also facilitates cross‐cooperation with other nations in optimizing special operation acquisitions. The ultimate goal is to center the RTC around the operator, ensuring compatibility and optimization across cooperative nations' special operation acquisitions.
Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop with SysML and Cameo Systems Modeler
Authors: Helle Philipp , Schramm Gerrit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper describes an approach for Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop simulations with SysML models in the Cameo Systems Modeler tool. It is based on a plugin called MQTT Simulation Connector that enables bidirectional communication between the tool and hardware components using the MQTT protocol. The paper presents the applicable requirements and constraints that were considered, describes the MQTT Simulation Connector in detail and shows an example of its use in the form of a Smart Home demonstrator.
Unlocking Synergy: Leveraging SysML and Modelica with Bi‐Directional Transformation and Simulation Integration Standards
Authors: Pepper Brian , Arifin Habibi Husain , Pavalkis Saulius , Matam Jyothi , Kratzke Ronald 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBoth the SysML and Modelica standards are used in the field of Systems Engineering (SE) to model systems from different perspectives, on different abstraction levels. SysML is strong when modeling systems on a functional level because it provides different views. With the capabilities of other simulation specifications, the engineers can simulate the system architecture. On the other hand, an open standard, such as Modelica is a key enabler for representing multi‐physical systems described by differential, algebraic, and discrete equations. With the symbolic manipulation, the dynamics of the systems are represented in state space form, and solved by the numerical integration methods fixed or variable step. However, it is clear that the connection between systems engineering and system simulation, with their respective domain knowledge of the actual equipment in their system, is missing. By seeing these complementary values, the authors demonstrate language interaction to integrate SysML and Modelica to achieve complimentary values through bi‐directional transformation and simulation.
Applied Ideation Methodology Selector Tool
Authors: Lindell Martin , Mansfield Benjamin , Olson Michael , Storey Carson , Wolf Matthew , Wood Emily , Weaver Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn engineering and product development, it is challenging to identify the most promising opportunities to work on, translate those opportunities into well‐defined problem statements, generate many alternative concepts, and select/implement the most promising concepts. Many well‐known tools aim to put structured processes around the ideation or concept generation phase, including, but not limited to, Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), Yilmaz et al. 77 Design Heuristics, Biomimicry, and Brainwriting. Herein, the authors identify thirteen methods specific to concept generation, clearly define and differentiate what these methods excel at, and provide structured reasoning as to why some methods are preferred in various situations over others. Following this reasoning the authors propose a Microsoft Excel‐based tool built off a modified version of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that with user input will recommend the best set of ideation methodologies for the users' scenario. Seven criteria definitions were established to differentiate and rank each ideation methodology. Multiple test cases demonstrate the results of the selection tool to be predictable and rational. Possible future work includes adding additional ideation methodologies to the Excel based tool, further validation by more users, and expanding it to include tools for both problem definition and concept selection/implementation methodologies. The authors feel that doing great systems engineering must begin with a great architecture/concept, and this tool can facilitate routine development of highly innovative, high‐valued solutions that, when well executed via a rigorous systems engineering process, will create exceptional enterprise value.
Are Electric Vehicles Always Better for the Environment?
Authors: CHIA Eng Seng , YANG Zhe , WANG Han 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles have been touted for their environmental friendliness, as their carbon emissions are significantly reduced during the usage phase compared to traditional petrol vehicles. However, from a lifecycle perspective, it is necessary to examine how the components of electric vehicles are obtained, constructed, operated, maintained, and disposed to better inform of their impact on the environment. Moreover, the environment's focus is often on the impact of carbon emissions but less on other forms of environmental impact such as ecotoxicity to marine life.To better study the carbon emission reduction effect of electric vehicles throughout their entire lifecycle and their other environmental impacts, the petrol, and electric versions of the SAIC Roewe i6 MAX vehicles in China will be compared throughout their entire lifecycles, including raw material collection, transportation, manufacturing, usage, and disposal processes. The results for the diesel and hybrid vehicles will also be briefly covered for comparisons purposes.The study showed that the breakeven point for carbon emission between petrol vehicles and electric vehicles is at about 2.8 years for use in China. This means that electric vehicles produce more carbon emission in the manufacturing/ assembly and only after 2.8 years of usage, that they emit less carbon emissions than petrol cars. As expected, the carbon emissions of diesel and hybrid cars fell in between these two, with hybrid vehicles performing better than diesel vehicles. However, electric vehicles produced the worst marine toxicity, with hybrid cars being second.
Analysis of the Ability of the OSLC Standard to Improve Data Traceability in System Development
Authors: Portenlänger Lukas , Korff Andreas , Schönecker Wolfgang , Zuccaro Claudio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of systems offers a particular challenge for the interoperability of different tools used by collaborating developers like requirements management, design, or simulation tools. The difficult and time‐consuming process to integrate and exchange data between different systems can lead to data inconsistencies and reduced efficiency in the development process. The integration standard Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) targets the integration of engineering software applications. Its approach supports loose tool coupling, in which each application autonomously manages its own product data, while providing RESTful web services through which other applications can interact. This paper aims to analyze the suitability of OSLC as an overarching integration mechanism for the complete set of engineering artifacts created during system development. This paper presents use cases for the application of OSLC at the company MAHLE. For these use cases, the employed OSLC based toolchain is assessed. The analysis in this paper confirms that OSLC's capabilities allow users to support traceability and can support the exchange and integrate data according to the defined requirements, but it is not sufficient for sophisticated data processing functionalities, such as safety analysis or simulation. The OSLC integration does correspondingly compare favorably to integration technologies already in use regarding traceability, while transformation of data in domain specific tools is needed to achieve deeper levels of integration.
Risk Management in Project Planning for Life Science R&D: An Integration of the NTCP Framework
Authors: Zhao YangYang , Karlsen Terje Lehn , Craig Timothy K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs with many industries, the early life science R&D drug discovery sector is facing growing pressure and higher demands on products in terms of cost, quality, and time‐to‐market. Additionally, the complexity of involved targets and systems, requirements for rapid, safe, and developable candidates are increasing. The drug discovery market, often regarded as rather conservative, relies more and more on advanced technologies. It is therefore a significant task for suppliers to create good solutions that meet customer requirements. The life science industry has a long tradition of using projects as the preferred method to manage these complex systems developments, such as the production of target proteins, screening of compounds, and follow‐up of hit compounds. When applying the project approach, the level of uncertainty is usually high, and the risk of those uncertainties must be managed starting in the early planning phase. Thus, this paper focuses on the issue of how to manage risks in the early project planning phase. We first review state‐of‐the‐art practices in risk management for complex systems project management and identify an important framework, Novelty‐Technology‐Cost‐Pace (NTCP), and apply it to successful risk management for early life science projects. Through an in‐depth case study in the life science industry, we demonstrate a systemic integration of the NTPC framework into project planning.
Leading in Uncertainty: A Framework to Improve Performance
Authors: Specking Eric , Murrell Andrew , Chang Alexander , Schwenke Robert , Long Donna , Stewart Mikaela , Olmedo Luis Andés 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe are all leaders in our organizations in some form. As leaders, we often face elements outside our control. As systems engineers, we often think of technical uncertainties, which we attempt to predict, manage, and mitigate, but as leaders many of the uncertainties we experience are not technical in nature. They involve elements, such as people, and incorporate unknown and known unknowns. This work uses academic literature and subject matter experts to develop and propose a framework to provide leaders with a tool to help achieve their goals with the uncertainties they face as leaders. This paper 1) describes our methodology to develop the framework, which is based‐on a semi‐structure literature review and stakeholder analysis and 2) proposes a framework to help leaders overcome uncertainties they face while influencing others.
TRANSLATING THE STPA‐SEC SECURITY METHOD INTO A MODEL‐BASED ENGINEERING APPROACH
Authors: Silawi Ehab , Shaked Avi , Reich Yoram 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn today's interconnected digital ecosystem, protecting cyber‐physical systems is critical. STPA‐Sec is a systematic method that allows to analyze system designs and identify vulnerabilities in those designs from the onset and throughout the system lifecycle. In this article, we describe a carefully designed metamodel that accommodates the concepts and steps of the method. We translate key concepts from STPA‐Sec into a metamodel, with the intention of facilitating a more structured and disciplined application of STPA‐Sec. We demonstrate the advantage of using the metamodel in two case studies. This article offers a step forward in the rigorous application of STPA‐Sec.
An ontology example in Configuration Management at Airbus
Authors: Amarnath Balachandar Ramachandiya , D'Souza Adriana , Podey Bernd , Reines Javier , Martinez Moises Ramon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToday data is increasingly available in our engineering domains but without an ontology to structure it, one might get drowned in the data lake. Configuration Management data being central to maintaining the configuration of the aircraft throughout its life cycle, need to be well described, understood and interpreted appropriately. This paper presents the effort performed at Airbus in the configuration management domain to structure the data through abstract ontology models of processes, tools and workflows. The ontology objects are then implemented and exposed as a data product to be used in digital transformation initiatives. This ontology based approach has encouraged harmonization of digital initiatives across different aircraft programs, and the associated graph style implementation ensures a more efficient exploration of Configuration Management data, leading to shorter lead time for development of data driven initiatives and knowledge ramp up.
LEVERAGING MISSION SOLUTION CONFIGURATION THROUGH MBSE AND TRADESPACE EXPLORATION
Authors: Eldesouky Mohamed , Pessoa Marcus Vinicius Pereira , Stefanovici Vlad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThales is a worldwide leader in innovative radar and mission solution systems used by naval ships. As the demand for personalized products increased through time, Thales shifted from a project‐oriented to a product‐oriented approach. This shift aims to capitalize on variants, minimize customization, and streamline operations. In this context, Thales established a mission solution configuration process (SCP) to facilitate the selection of product variants to compose a system during the bidding phase. However, the current SCP has limitations, constraining exploration and integration with engineering processes and system data. Consequently, the proposed systems sometimes fall short of the most optimal solution the client could get. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop and validate an improved mission solution configuration process to streamline the creation and selection of product variants at Thales, particularly during the bidding phase, to better meet client needs and operational requirements. This method integrates Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Tradespace Exploration (TSE), utilizing ARCADIA as the methodology and Capella as the tool. A descriptive model is generated for analytical purposes within TSE, employing Multi‐Attribute‐Utility‐Theory (MAUT) and Pareto‐Optimization for evaluating and selecting optimal mission solution variants. Validation was conducted through a Coast Guard mission case study involving 125 solution variants, revealing Pareto‐optimal solutions balancing performance and cost. This method enhances the current configuration process by aligning client and operational needs with Thales's sales and product teams, ensuring accurate interpretation of requirements and minimizing information inconsistencies. The case study results identify technological gaps in variant designs, guiding research and development efforts towards subsystems or components with significant impact on system performance.