bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation des Reibungswinkels bei der Bemessung von Baugrubenwänden mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode
Authors: Perau Eugen , Zillmann Antonia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden anhand zweier exemplarischer Systeme von Verbauwänden Berechnungen mit der Finiten‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) durchgeführt. Es handelt sich um eine einfach rückverankerte Spundwand sowie eine zweifach ausgesteifte Spundwand, bei denen der berechnete Erddruck, die Spannungen am Erdwiderlager, die Biegemomente der Verbauwand, die Stützkräfte, die Wandverformungen sowie die Gesamtstandsicherheit untersucht werden. Variiert werden dabei der Reibungswinkel sowie die Aushubtiefe. Als ein erstes Ergebnis der Parameterstudie wird der Einfluss des Reibungswinkels auf die für die Bemessung der Systeme relevanten Berechnungsergebnisse diskutiert.Auf Basis der Parameterstudie wird abgeleitet, in welcher Weise sich verschiedene Nachweisverfahren gemäß Eurocode 7 auf die Bemessung auswirken. Es wird also z. B. untersucht, welche Auswirkung eine Reduktion des Reibungswinkels gemäß Nachweisverfahren DA3 im Vergleich zu einer Erhöhung der Schnittgrößen gemäß DA2 auf die Bemessung einer Verbaukonstruktion hat. Ebenfalls werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion der Scherparameter mit der FEM beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit diskutiert. Abschließend werden Schlussfolgerungen zur Anwendung der verschiedenen Nachweisverfahren beim Einsatz der FEM gezogen sowie Hinweise zur Modellierung der Konstruktionsteile gegeben.Variation of the friction angle for design of excavation pit walls with the finite element method. In this article calculations for two exemplary systems of excavation pit walls are performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The first system represents a single anchored pit wall, the second a double supported pit wall. For both systems the calculated earth pressures and the pressures of the earth support are evaluated as well as the bending moments of the wall, the supporting forces, the displacements of the wall and finally the overall stability. In the study the friction angle of the soil and the excavation level are varied. As a first goal the influence of the friction angle on the calculated results are presented which are relevant for design of the structure.Based on this parameter study it will be shown how the different design approaches according to Eurocode 7 influence the design. For example, the effect of reduction of the friction angle according to design approach DA3 is compared with an increase of the internal forces according to DA2. Also discussed are different ways to reduce the friction angle with FEM to proof the overall stability. Finally, conclusions are drawn to the application of the FEM in different proofs of stability of excavation pit walls and hints are given to model the elements of the construction.
Effect of laser therapy on immune cells infiltrate after excisional wounds in diabetic rats
Authors: de Loura Santana Cristiano , de Fátima Teixeira Silva Daniela , de Souza Amanda Pires , Jacinto Marcos Vinicius , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , França Cristiane Miranda 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectiveDiabetes alters innate and specific immunity, causing an imbalanced tissue repair process. Very active neutrophils and macrophages are found for a long time in chronic wounds in those individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the main effector cells of immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes) and to compare the effects of two laser therapy regimens in the postoperative treatment of excision wounds.MethodDiabetes was induced in female Wistar rats and a punch was used to cause wounds in the dorsum of each individual. The animals were randomly allocated to a control group (CG), in which the wound was untreated, a single‐dose laser group (SLG), in which the wound was submitted to single dose of laser therapy at wavelength of 660 nm, output power of 30 mW, energy density of 4 J/cm2, and 26‐second exposure time, and a fractionated‐dose laser group (FLG), submitted to 1 J/cm2 of laser therapy on Days 1, 3, 8, and 10. Euthanasia was performed on five animals from each group Days 1, 3, 8, 10, 15, and 22. The wound was removed and routinely processed for immunohistochemistry against elastase, CD3, CD68, and CD206 antibodies. The samples were photographed and labeled cells were counted by a blinded observer. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsNeutrophils were predominant in the SLG on Day 1, whereas these cells were mostly found in the CG on Day 3 (P < 0.05). The T lymphocyte count was similar in all groups in the throughout the experiment. On Day 3, the SLG exhibited a greater number of total macrophages (CD68+) (P < 0.05), whereas the macrophage count was similar among the different groups on the other evaluation days. The CD206 + cell counts revealed that the SLG had more M2 macrophages than the CG on Day 8 (P < 0.05), whereas the FLG exhibited more M2 macrophages than the CG on Day 10 (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe present findings demonstrate that laser therapy can alter the composition of inflammatory infiltrate in diabetic wounds, leading to a more balanced response transiting from a rapid neutrophil infiltration through to M2 macrophage polarization, especially with a single application of 4 J/cm2 in the immediate postoperative period. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:45–51, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactive Coatings in Glass Capillaries: Preparation of Temperature‐ and Light‐Responsive Surfaces and Accurate Determination of Wettability Switching
Authors: Wagner Natalie , Kessler Daniel , Theato Patrick 
Published: December 2015

The inner walls of thin glass capillaries are coated with a reactive precursor coating that can be converted into different temperature‐ and light‐responsive coatings. The switching range of wettability can be determined by measuring the meniscus height of water inside these capillaries at different temperatures and upon UV‐light irradiation. In comparison with the sessile drop measurement, very accurate equilibrium contact angles are obtained by this method.
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Molecular insights into the enzymatic diversity of flavin‐trafficking protein (Ftp; formerly ApbE) in flavoprotein biogenesis in the bacterial periplasm
Authors: Deka Ranjit K. , Brautigam Chad A. , Liu Wei Z. , Tomchick Diana R. , Norgard Michael V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe recently reported a flavin‐trafficking protein (Ftp) in the syphilis spirochete Treponema pallidum (Ftp_Tp) as the first bacterial metal‐dependent FAD pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes FAD into AMP and FMN in the periplasm. Orthologs of Ftp_Tp in other bacteria (formerly ApbE) appear to lack this hydrolytic activity; rather, they flavinylate the redox subunit, NqrC, via their metal‐dependent FMN transferase activity. However, nothing has been known about the nature or mechanism of metal‐dependent Ftp catalysis in either Nqr‐ or Rnf‐redox‐containing bacteria. In the current study, we identified a bimetal center in the crystal structure of Escherichia coli Ftp (Ftp_Ec) and show via mutagenesis that a single amino acid substitution converts it from an FAD‐binding protein to a Mg2+‐dependent FAD pyrophosphatase (Ftp_Tp‐like). Furthermore, in the presence of protein substrates, both types of Ftps are capable of flavinylating periplasmic redox‐carrying proteins (e.g., RnfG_Ec) via the metal‐dependent covalent attachment of FMN. A high‐resolution structure of the Ftp‐mediated flavinylated protein of Shewanella oneidensis NqrC identified an essential lysine in phosphoester‐threonyl‐FMN bond formation in the posttranslationally modified flavoproteins. Together, these discoveries broaden our understanding of the physiological capabilities of the bacterial periplasm, and they also clarify a possible mechanism by which flavoproteins are generated.
Peripheral nerve stimulation characteristics of an asymmetric head‐only gradient coil compatible with a high‐channel‐count receiver array
Authors: Lee Seung‐Kyun , Mathieu Jean‐Baptiste , Graziani Dominic , Piel Joseph , Budesheim Eric , Fiveland Eric , Hardy Christopher J. , Tan Ek Tsoon , Amm Bruce , Foo Thomas K.‐F. , Bernstein Matt A. , Huston John , Shu Yunhong , Schenck John F. 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo characterize peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of an asymmetric head‐only gradient coil that is compatible with a commercial high–channel‐count receive‐only array.MethodsTwo prototypes of an asymmetric head‐only gradient coil set with a 42‐cm inner diameter were constructed for brain imaging at 3T with maximum performance specifications of up to 85 mT/m and 708 T/m/s. Tests were performed in 24 volunteers to measure PNS thresholds with the transverse (x = left–right; y = anterior–posterior [A/P]) gradient coils of both prototypes. Fourteen of these 24 volunteers were also tested for the z‐gradient PNS in the second prototype and were scanned with high–slew‐rate echo planar imaging (EPI) immediately after the PNS tests.ResultsFor both prototypes, the y‐gradient PNS threshold was markedly higher than the x‐gradient threshold. The z‐gradient threshold was intermediate between those for the x‐ and y‐coils. Of the 24 volunteers, only two experienced y‐gradient PNS at 80 mT/m and 500 T/m/s. All volunteers underwent the EPI scan without PNS when the readout direction was set to A/P.ConclusionMeasured PNS characteristics of asymmetric head‐only gradient coil prototypes indicate that such coils, especially in the A/P direction, can be used for fast EPI readout in high‐performance neuroimaging scans with substantially reduced PNS concerns compared with conventional whole body gradient coils. Magn Reson Med 76:1939–1950, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Limit equilibrium analysis of seismic stability of slopes reinforced with a row of piles
Authors: Li Xinpo , Su Lijun , He Siming , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAn approach based on the category of limiting equilibrium analysis is proposed to consider the reinforcing effect of one row of vertical piles on slope under seismic conditions. The approach is based on an uncoupled formulation in which the pile response and slope stability are considered separately. Closed‐form equations are derived, allowing the yield acceleration coefficient to be determined for giving pile characteristics. Results were compared with those obtained using another limit equilibrium method. The effects of pile location on the effectiveness of increasing seismic stability of the slope–pile system were elucidated. It was found out that the piles should be installed in the middle–upper part of the slope to achieve greatest safety, but the pile length and other possible failure modes should be checked carefully in design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of phytochemical variations in dioecious Tinospora cordifolia stems using HPLC/QTOF MS/MS and UPLC/QqQLIT‐MS/MS
Authors: Bajpai Vikas , Singh Awantika , Chandra Preeti , Negi M. P. S. , Kumar Nikhil , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe stem of dioecious Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is a commonly used traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India having several therapeutic properties.ObjectiveTo develop and validate LC‐MS methods for the identification and simultaneous quantitation of various secondary metabolites and to study metabolomic variations in the stem of male and female plants.MethodsEthanolic extract of stems were analysed by HPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS for rapid screening of bioactive phytochemicals. High resolution MS and MS/MS in positive ESI mode were used for structural investigation of secondary metabolites. An UPLC/ESI‐QqQLIT‐MS/MS method in MRM mode was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of five bioactive alkaloids.ResultsIdentification and characterisation of 36 metabolites including alkaloids, sesquiterpenes and phytoecdysteroids were performed using LC‐MS and MS/MS techniques. The bioactive alkaloids such as jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, isocorydine, palmatine and tetrahydropalmatine were successfully quantified in male and female plants. The mean abundances of magnoflorine jatrorrhizine, and oblongine were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in male plants while mean abundances of tetrahydropalmatine, norcoclaurine, and reticuline were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in female plants.ConclusionsPhytochemicals in the stem of male and female Tinospora cordifolia showed significant qualitative and quantitative variations. LC‐MS and MS/MS methods can be used to differentiate between male and female plants based on their chemical profiles and quantities of the marker bioactive alkaloids. This chemical composition difference was also evident during vegetative stage when there were no male and female flowers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of novel fetal echocardiographic morphometric measures of the aortic arch in the diagnosis of neonatal coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Arya Bhawna , Bhat Aarti , Vernon Margaret , Conwell Jeffrey , Lewin Mark 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesPrenatal diagnosis of neonatal coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is challenging; there is a high false–positive rate, yet 60–80% are not identified prenatally. We aimed to identify novel fetal echocardiographic measures to improve prenatal identification of CoA.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of subjects seen from 1/2007–1/2014 with prenatal suspicion for CoA and postnatal follow‐up. The last fetal echocardiogram prior to delivery was evaluated for right/left ventricular dimensions, ascending (AAo), transverse (TAo), descending aorta (DAo), aortic isthmus (AoI), ductus arteriosus (DA), and main pulmonary artery diameters, and AoI and DA spectral Doppler. Three novel fetal measurements were performed: left common carotid‐to‐left subclavian artery distance (LCSA), AAo–DAo angle, and TAo–DAo angle. Postnatal data included diagnosis, surgical approach, and timing.ResultsForty subjects were identified (mean gestational age at fetal echo 32.8 ± 4.2 weeks) with prenatal suspicion for CoA. Comparing subjects with (n = 20) and without CoA (n = 20), significant differences were detected for LCSA, AAo–DAo angle, and TAo–DAo angle (p < 0.0001). An LCSA >4.5 mm (sensitivity 80%,specificity 95%), AAo–DAo angle ≤20.31° (sensitivity 95%,specificity 100%) and TAo–DAo angle ≥96.15°(sensitivity 90%,specificity 100%) identified CoA.ConclusionsFetal LCSA, AAo–DAo angle, and TAo–DAo angles are novel measures that can differentiate between subjects with and without CoA. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attapulgite grafted with polystyrene via a simultaneous reverse and normal initiation atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Yang Haicun , Pu Hongting , Gong Fanghong 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe surface grafting of attapulgite (ATP) with polystyrene (PS) was established via a simultaneous reverse and normal initiation atom transfer radical polymerization (SR&NIATRP). 4‐(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane (CMPTMS) chemical bounded on the surface of ATP (ATP‐Cl, Cl‐I) was prepared via one‐step self‐assembly. SR&NI ATRP of styrene was conducted using CuCl2 complex tris(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine (Me6‐TREN) as the catalytic system, initiated by 2,2‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) and ATP‐Cl. FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, TGA and TEM data were consistent with the grafting of benzyl chloride groups and PS chains on ATP surface. The controllability of polymerization was investigated by the kinetics behavior under different molar ratio of AIBN and CuCl2. The obtained polymer possessed a uniform distribution of molecular weights with a lower polydispersity index of 1.2∼1.4. The relationship between polymerization on the surface of ATP and in solution was discussed in detail based on TGA data of hybrid particles and GPC trace of free polymer in solution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1508–1516
The effects of attachment and outness on illness adjustment among gay men with prostate cancer
Authors: Crangle Cassandra J. , Latini David M. , Hart Tae L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has suggested that gay men facing prostate cancer may be particularly vulnerable to poor illness adjustment. Moreover, although attachment and greater disclosure of sexual orientation have been associated with health outcomes, their associations in this population have been largely unexamined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether greater outness about one's sexual orientation significantly mediated the associations between anxious and avoidant attachment and illness intrusiveness among gay men with prostate cancer.MethodsNinety‐two gay and bisexual men who had received a diagnosis of prostate cancer in the past 4 years were recruited for the present study. Self‐report questionnaires assessed demographic and medical variables, attachment, outness level and comfort, and illness intrusiveness. Bootstrapping procedures were used to assess for mediation.ResultsResults suggested significant associations between anxious attachment, outness comfort, and illness intrusiveness. Less comfort with outness significantly mediated the association between greater anxious attachment and more illness intrusiveness. Avoidant attachment was not significantly associated with illness intrusiveness.ConclusionsFindings support the mediating role of the subjective experience of being an out gay man in the association between anxious attachment and illness intrusiveness. These results suggest that facilitating greater comfort with outness would be beneficial for illness adjustment among gay men with prostate cancer whom have more anxious attachment styles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of Particle Density During Explosive Particle Dispersal
Authors: Goroshin Samuel , Frost David L. , Ripley Robert , Zhang Fan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA gauge based on laser light attenuation has been developed to determine the temporal history of particle number density during the explosive dispersal of inert particles. The optical scheme of the gauge employs narrow band pass and spatial optical filters that protect the optical sensors from ambient light and laser light scattered by particles. The gauge is used in field experiments to measure particle density at two locations in close proximity to spherical metalized explosive charges containing a packed bed of either iron, nickel, or glass particles saturated with nitromethane. The heavy iron particles penetrate the blast wave in the near field, whereas the lighter particles remain behind the blast wave. Comparisons with multiphase calculations indicate that the particle density field inferred from the light intensity signals is consistent with the computations until the point at which the combustion products containing soot arrives at the gauge, blocking the laser light.
Growth and optical properties of colloidal graphene quantum dots
Authors: McGuire John A. 
Published: December 2015

magnified imageSynthetic progress has led to growth of monodisperse colloidal graphene quantum dots large enough that the lowest‐energy electronic states can be understood in terms of confined Dirac fermions. Appropriate ligands inhibit aggregation and promote solubility that now permit optical studies of excitons and biexcitons formed of Dirac fermions in ensembles of individual quantum dots. Here we review recent progress in synthesis and understanding of the optical properties and dynamics of colloidal graphene quantum dots as well as related aspects of other nanoscale graphene structures and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We highlight graphene quantum dots that are fully benzenoid and discuss challenges in studying colloidal graphene quantum dots with zigzag edges.
Graphene quantum dot (C168) consisting of 168 sp2 hybridized C atoms. R indicates ligands.magnified imageGraphene quantum dot (C168) consisting of 168 sp2 hybridized C atoms. R indicates ligands.(© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Clinical Significance of Splenic Hilar Dissection with Splenectomy in Advanced Proximal Gastric Cancer: An Analysis at a Single Institution in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Kinoshita Takahiro , Enomoto Naoki , Shibasaki Hidehito , Nishida Toshirou 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundSignificance of splenic hilar node dissection with splenectomy is now denied for advanced gastric cancer of upper one‐third of the stomach without invasion to the greater curvature by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group 0110, a pivotal randomized study from Japan. However, a question remains for tumors which involve the greater curvature, as this study excluded such tumors.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 421 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative total gastrectomy with splenectomy from 1992 to 2009. The survival curves, state of lymph node (LN) metastasis, and index of the estimated benefit from LN dissection of each station were evaluated according to the tumor location.ResultsThe incidence of No. 10 metastasis was 9.3 % (39/421), with 15.9 % in patients with tumors involving the greater curvature (Gre group, n = 132) and 6.2 % in those without (non‐Gre group, n = 289) (P = 0.032). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) of patients with and without No. 10 metastasis was 35.4 and 43.1 % (P = 0.135) in the Gre group and 32.8 and 66.5 % (P = 0.0006) in the non‐Gre group, respectively. The index of No. 10 LN dissection was 5.6 and 2.0 in the Gre and non‐Gre groups, respectively. In the Gre group, the index was relatively higher in patients aged < 65 years, within pT3, and with Borrmann type 4 tumors.ConclusionsSplenectomy may have a survival benefit when a tumor shows involvement with the greater curvature, especially in relatively young patients and those without serosal exposure.
Lasting performance: Round numbers activate associations of stability and increase perceived length of product benefits
Authors: Pena‐Marin Jorge , Bhargave Rajesh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractConsumers prefer products that deliver benefits for a longer time. For instance, caffeinated drinks are consumed for energy, but the key characteristic that performs this benefit—caffeine—tends to wear off in its effects. How can marketers communicate the lasting performance of product characteristics? This work proposes that numbers used in conveying product characteristics—round (200 mg) or precise (203 mg)—influence consumers' perception of lasting performance and product attitudes. More specifically, product characteristics described in round (vs. precise) numbers are perceived as performing for a longer time, and this effect is driven by a symbolic association between round numbers and stability. This finding is important because numbers are commonly used in conveying product benefits and past work has mainly documented the advantages of using precise numbers (e.g., higher competence), whereas less is known about when and why using round numbers boosts product attitudes. Three studies, including one with actual consumption, offer triangulating evidence for this prediction and its underlying psychological mechanism. Overall, this work contributes to research on product perception, numerical cognition, and persuasion.