bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and predation of ladybird spiders and other red-and-black arthropods by 3 predators
Authors: Pekár Stano , Exnerová Alice , Hotová Svádová Kateřina , Raška Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mimics are under selection from a community of predators possessing different perception abilities and modes of prey capture, yet the efficacy of Batesian/Müllerian mimicry in a mimetic complex has typically been tested using a single predator. The males of Eresus spiders appear to mimic black-and-red colored insects and in particular ladybird beetles. Here, we tested the hypothesis of defensive mimicry in this species using 3 co-occurring visually oriented predators: mantids, lizards, and birds, possessing different visual abilities (di- and tetrachromatic vision). We compared 2 salient traits (movement and coloration) of Eresus males and 3 putative co-mimics (Coccinella septempunctata, Graphosoma italicum, Pyrrhocoris apterus). We found that Eresus spiders are far more mobile than the co-mimics, and this could make them unprofitable due to efficient evasion. According to visual models, all 3 predators should not be able to distinguish the coloration of Eresus from that of 2 co-mimics. The natural diet of the green lizard revealed that lizards captured on average Eresus spiders as frequently as co-mimics. In predation trials, mantises captured Eresus males at greater latency but with similar frequency as co-mimics. In the predation experiment, both hand-reared and wild-caught great tits captured Eresus males far more frequently than Coccinella beetles. Eresus males were palatable to all 3 predators consistent with the Batesian form of mimicry, but when considering evasion abilities, they could be classified as quasi-Batesian mimics.
Hinotori™ robotic esophagectomy: a feasibility cadaver study
Authors: Lozanovski Vladimir J , Hadzijusufovic Edin , Wandhoefer Christoph , Gisbertz Suzanne , Lang Hauke , Grimminger Peter P 
Published: October 2024

Summary
This preclinical feasibility study investigates the potential of utilizing the hinotori™ robot system for esophagectomy. In three human cadaver models, the esophagus was successfully mobilized and resected using the hinotori™ system, with a mean thoracic procedure time of 57 minutes. The system allowed for precise dissection and radical lymphadenectomy without arm collision, attributed to its versatile design and docking-free trocars. Standard robot-specific patient positioning, including a 35° left lateral inclination, and trocar placement in a posterior axillary line configuration were employed. Notably, trocars suitable for both laparoscopy and the hinotori™ robot were utilized, providing flexibility in trocar selection. Unique features, such as the ergonomic console and pointer-based pivot point identification system, contributed to procedural success. While these findings highlight the promising potential of the hinotori™ system in advancing esophageal surgery, further clinical studies are warranted to validate its reproducibility and clinical utility. Additionally, enhancements to the pivot point identification system and evaluation of the arm base's features may further optimize surgical outcomes.
Inferential-connexive mixed logics
Authors: Pailos Federico 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we present a new type of connexive-like logics. We call them inferential-connexive mixed logics, as they satisfy inferential versions of the main four connexive principles: AT, AT’, BT and BT’. We focus first on some Strong-Kleene type of mixed and inferentially connexive logics that cannot be interpreted as truth-preserving, but that can receive other interpretations in terms to falsity-preservation and related features. We introduce afterwards the notion of inferential-connexive Boolean logic, and present some logics that fall in this ballpark. We also explain the relation between inferentially-connexive Boolean logics and some inferentially-connexive Strong-Kleene logics, and show how they can also be interpreted in epistemic (or attitudinal)-related terms.
Fundamentals of Electroencephalography
Authors: Lüders Hans O. , Noachtar Soheyl , Rémi Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The electroencephalogram (EEG) reflects electrical potentials generated by brain activity as well as other potentials (biological and external “artifacts”) in high temporal resolution. This chapter discusses how electrical waves are generated in the brain. Biological and nonbiological disturbances of the EEG recordings are considered artifacts and are described in detail in this chapter. The EEG reader must know how to identify these artifacts and how to avoid them. This chapter also discusses the technical equipment required to record electrical brain waves. This includes the setup of digital EEG machines, the EEG electrodes, and procedures to record the brain waves. The importance of a systematic approach to localization of EEG potentials is explained in detail.
Clinical Electroencephalography
Authors: Lüders Hans O. , Noachtar Soheyl , Rémi Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, all normal and abnormal patterns of electroencephalography (EEG) including variant patterns mimicking abnormal EEG pattern are discussed and displayed by figures. The recording setup including special situations such as EEG in newborn and the procedures to activate abnormalities in the EEG are discussed. Activations procedures such as hyperventilation, photic stimulation and sleep EEG after partial sleep deprivation are explained. The figures are complemented by reformatted EEG examples available electronically. The approach to a systematic EEG interpretation is explained in detail. The differentiation between normal and abnormal patterns is discussed by using a clinical EEG classification system used in many EEG labs for decades.
Prozac and Its Cousins
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Prozac branding message dumbed down clinical depression to a mostly trivial condition and removed the brakes from pragmatic prescribing for nonspecific unhappiness. Daniel Cathell, a family doctor in Baltimore, wrote in 1882 “Almost everyone is filled with the belief that he is debilitated …. Many of the sick, fully impressed with this idea, will want you to treat them with tonics and stimulants.” It requires no great stretch of the imagination to substitute “depressed” for “debilitated” and to substitute Prozac for “tonics.” Today, community psychiatry deals with the great amorphous mass of unhappiness, anxiety, and dejection. Community psychiatry’s role was once filled by religion, which was followed by tonics and barbiturates, the new agents of the 1950s, and then in the 1960s and 70s by the benzodiazepines, such as Librium and Valium. Finally, in the late 1980s, the new drug set of Prozac and its antidepressant cousins, the so-called SSRIs, were promoted, but they turned out to be substantially ineffective.
The Intersection between the Mental Health and Legal Systems
Authors: Leifman Steve , Coffey Tim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Health services delivery in the United States reflects at least two disparate systems of care. First is primary and emergency medical care provided in response to acute illnesses or injuries. The second is behavioral health treatment services provided to individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMIs; e.g., psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, and major depression) in response to psychiatric and substance use emergencies. Often in cases of psychiatric emergency, armed law enforcement officers will respond as opposed to emergency medical technicians, or EMTs. The fact is, mental illnesses are not crimes, and allowing the behavioral health system of care to treat people with mental illnesses as if they are is an inappropriate use of resources and harmful to our communities and residents. Nevertheless, examination of rates of mental illnesses among criminal justice populations suggests having a mental illness is a significant risk factor for criminal justice system involvement.
Building New Hospitals in Texas
Authors: Bray Timothy E. , Harris Sydney S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Texas is modernizing the state psychiatric hospital system. The plan to build new, or renovate current, hospitals is an opportunity to enhance the most vulnerable population’s care environment. New environments of care that compliment modern and evidence-based approaches to inpatient psychiatric care will better align state hospital care with a community-led continuum of mental health care. This chapter explores Texas’ approach to modernizing public mental health care from building legislative support and establishing funding, to advancing the system for a broad landscape. The authors emphasize the importance of partnerships across public partners and stakeholders to tackle the modernization of state psychiatric hospitals. Readers will understand Texas’ vast geographic area and how a designed service area and continuum of care can support a diverse clinical population.
Health Inequalities in the Mental Health System
Authors: Martinez Octavio N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mental health disparities and inequities are part and parcel of our current US mental health system. Disproportionately, individuals and populations affected are communities of color. This chapter highlights the state of mental health in the United States and how communities of color are disproportionately impacted by the social, structural, and political determinants of mental health. The far upstream root causes of implicit bias and structural racism are discussed with a focus on the academic/educational level, the clinical/provider level, the community level, and the systems level. Additionally, seven core principles are identified to address mental health disparities and inequities on the path to achieving an equitable mental health system.
Anxious in the Spotlight: Social Anxiety Disorder or Simply Avoidant?
Authors: Tiwari Vishnu , Diaz Elisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Mr. C, a 28-year-old graduate student grappling with social anxiety disorder. His anxiety intensifies in social situations, and he has a lifelong history of shyness, academic success, and a preference for solitary activities. Despite receiving invitations to social events, he anticipates harsh judgment from others, leading to crippling anxiety and worry. Social anxiety disorder, as described in Mr. C’s case, is a common condition affecting millions globally, characterized by excessive anxiety in social settings, leading to avoidance and severe distress. Importantly, it is often comorbid with other mental health conditions. Treatment options for social anxiety disorder include psychotherapy, primarily cognitive-behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy. In summary, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals grappling with social anxiety disorder.
When Fear Takes Flight
Authors: Joseph Bacheline , Echenique Marisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Mr. M, a 40-year-old veteran who suffers from a specific phobia related to flying. To cope with this intense anxiety, Mr. M turns to alcohol, both before and during flights, which has now become problematic. Specific phobia is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety toward a particular situation or object, leading to severe distress and impairment in daily life. While many people have fears, not everyone meets the criteria for a specific phobia disorder. Specific phobias are often left untreated due to the ease of avoidance, but when they cause significant distress as in Mr. M’s case, treatment is necessary. Overall, Mr. M’s case highlights the challenges and treatment options for specific phobia, emphasizing the importance of seeking help when the fear significantly impairs one’s life.
The Crossroads of Addiction and Anxiety
Authors: Martinez Garza David M. , Salloum Ihsan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Mr. Z, a 35-year-old man with a history of substance use disorder and anxiety symptoms. Mr. Z’s life has been significantly impacted by his addiction to opioids and alcohol. He presents with symptoms of constant worry, irritability, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. His anxiety has escalated to the point where he experienced a panic attack recently. This chapter delves into the intricate relationship between substance use and anxiety disorders. It explains that various substances can induce anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders is discussed, emphasizing the bidirectional nature of their relationship. Treatment strategies for individuals like Mr. Z are outlined, stressing the need for simultaneous management of substance use and anxiety. Medications, psychotherapy, and other interventions are crucial components of treatment. This chapter emphasizes the need for holistic, integrated treatment to achieve positive outcomes for patients like Mr. Z.
Washing Away Worries: Understanding the Complexities of OCD
Authors: Deckler Elizabeth , Coffey Barbara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Mr. V, a 19-year-old college student with a history of a childhood tic disorder. On evaluation, Mr. V reports a history of obsessions and compulsions consistent with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This chapter discusses OCD in detail, emphasizing its distinction from other anxiety disorders. Mr. V’s case exemplifies how OCD can lead to avoidance behaviors and interfere with daily functioning. This chapter also delves into treatment options for OCD. Psychotherapeutic approaches, particularly exposure and response prevention therapy, can be effective in treating OCD. In summary, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of OCD, its diagnosis, treatment options, and a real-life case illustrating the successful management of the disorder.
I Can’t Bear to Part With Any of It
Authors: Zaydlin Michelle , Perdomo Dolores 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Ms. F, an 83-year-old woman, seeks help at a memory disorder clinic due to memory loss and increased anxiety. Ms. F’s problems include hoarding behaviors and difficulties with decision-making and task completion. Her hoarding behaviors, present for many years, are attributed to hoarding disorder (HD), characterized by a persistent need to save possessions, even worthless ones, and significant distress when discarding items. This chapter discusses the diagnostic criteria for HD and highlights the comorbidities associated with it. It also emphasizes that hoarding in older adults may indicate underlying neurodegenerative diseases. HD can lead to unsanitary living conditions and strained relationships. Treatment options for HD are discussed, including pharmacological approaches and psychological treatment. Support beyond therapy, involving family and community programs, is also stressed to aid in recovery and relapse prevention.
It’s a Constant Struggle Between Reason and the Urge to Pull
Authors: Alrojolah Loay , Joshi Suchitra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces T, a 14-year-old girl struggling with alopecia. After an evaluation, she was diagnosed with trichotillomania (TTM), a condition characterized by recurrent hair pulling resulting in hair loss. Her attempts to quit this behavior were in vain, causing embarrassment and distress. Stress exacerbated her hair pulling, negatively impacting her academic and social life. TTM often goes underdiagnosed and undertreated, necessitating increased awareness and specialized care. This chapter discusses evaluation and comorbid conditions associated with TTM, as well as the available treatment options, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. By understanding the intricacies of TTM, we can better comprehend its impact on individuals like T and work toward improving their quality of life through evidence-based treatments and increased awareness.
The Smell of Gasoline Brings Back Those Horrible Memories
Authors: Leary Scott , Curiel Cid Rosie E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Ms. R, a 34-year-old woman, seeks help at an outpatient clinic following a motor vehicle accident that left her trapped under wreckage. While she sustained no major injuries, she experiences symptoms indicative of acute stress disorder (ASD) as a result of the traumatic incident. ASD is a condition that emerges in response to a traumatic event. It presents with intrusive thoughts, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Understanding the varied trajectories of trauma response—resilient, worsening, recovery, and chronically distressed—is essential, as initial reactions may not predict long-term adaptation. Treatment options for ASD are discussed, including psychotherapy and pharmacological approaches. In Ms. R’s case, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, addressing her fear of driving, and cognitive reframing techniques are recommended. Overall, this chapter emphasizes the importance of identifying and managing ASD symptoms early to prevent long-term psychopathology and distress.
Anxiety Has Taken Away My Ability to Enjoy the Simple Things in Life
Authors: Abraham Omar Munoz , Espinel Zelde , Durand Dante 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Ms. P, a 63-year-old married woman, seeks psychiatric evaluation due to a recent diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. She initially presented with physical symptoms including fatigue and hand pain, which improved with treatment but were followed by escalating worries about her job performance. Despite not reporting a depressed mood, Ms. P exhibits signs of depression, including anhedonia and changes in appetite and sleep. Her anxiety, especially related to her medical condition and prognosis, hinders her daily life and medical follow-ups. This chapter emphasizes the comorbidity of anxiety and depression, which often goes undiagnosed, and highlights the need for skilled clinicians to distinguish between the two. It discusses the genetic basis and risk factors for comorbid anxiety and depression, underlining the importance of obtaining a detailed patient history and evaluating the impact of symptoms on daily functioning. Treatment involves a multimodal approach, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.
I Find Myself Constantly Worrying and It’s Been Keeping Me Up at Night
Authors: Ashy Jafar A. , Cruz-Ortiz Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Mr. P, a 30-year-old who presents with increasing anxiety and insomnia. He describes constant worries about work, finances, relationships, and everyday tasks, leading to tension and irritability. His sleep troubles include difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, and waking up feeling unrested. He relies on excessive coffee consumption to function during the day but is ambivalent about medication. This chapter discusses insomnia in the context of anxiety, a common primary care concern. Anxiety is a leading cause of insomnia, with conditions like generalized anxiety disorder often accompanied by sleep disturbances. The relationship between anxiety and sleep is explored, with anxiety disrupting sleep patterns, leading to poor rest and concentration issues. Conversely, sleep problems can exacerbate anxiety. Diagnosis of insomnia involves a comprehensive clinical assessment, including sleep history and self-report questionnaires. This chapter discusses treatment options for insomnia including lifestyle modifications, psychological and behavioral therapies, and pharmacological interventions.
Mommy, My Tummy Aches; I Can’t Go to School Today
Authors: Celentano Lauren , Friedman Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The chapter discusses anxiety disorders in children using the case of a 10-year-old girl. J’s presentation of new-onset abdominal discomfort, increased asthma exacerbations, academic decline, irritability, and somatic complaints points to possible childhood anxiety. The chapter emphasizes the challenges of identifying anxiety in children. It stresses the importance of considering anxiety when faced with nonspecific complaints. Assessment tools for childhood anxiety are discussed. The chapter suggests using well-validated instruments alongside clinical judgment to improve diagnostic accuracy. Information from caregivers, teachers, and the child is valuable for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The chapter also explores psychiatric and medical comorbidities and treatment options for childhood anxiety. This chapter underscores the long-term implications of untreated childhood anxiety, including the risk of developing anxiety disorders as adults and lower school performance. It also highlights the increased risk of suicidality in anxious children, emphasizing the need for suicide risk assessment in their evaluation.
At First, I Tried Fluoxetine, but It Made My Anxiety Even Worse, and I Had Stomach Problems
Authors: Min Ma Sung , Maass Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter follows the case of Ms. O, a 27-year-old graduate student diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid panic disorder. Her journey through psychopharmacology treatment is explored, highlighting important considerations in the management of anxiety. This chapter emphasizes the importance of assessing anxiety symptoms and their severity, as well as identifying comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions. The main goals of treatment are to reduce anxiety symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. This chapter also discusses the importance of educating patients about potential side effects of medications. Th chapter underscores the complexity of anxiety disorders, the significance of individualized treatment, and the various pharmacological and therapeutic options available for managing anxiety and related conditions.
Formulating an Organized Critical Argument in a Scientific Manuscript
Authors: Greenland Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A scientific research report is not just a set of facts but a critical argument that poses a question and reaches an answer with a clear conclusion. This chapter describes approaches for formulating an organized critical argument in a scientific manuscript and emphasizes the importance of a logical progression of ideas and consistency with the interrelatedness of key concepts. Among the suggestions for developing a compelling critical argument are to create a detailed outline of the manuscript and to obtain feedback from coauthors and peers about the completeness, inherent logic, and flow of ideas of the manuscript. An example of an outline for a scientific manuscript article is provided.
Advice on Writing for Biomedical Journals
Authors: Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scientific writing, like other types of writing, is a learned skill that benefits from frequency and experience. This chapter discusses how authors can develop a general approach to scientific writing, including creating the first draft of a manuscript by not aiming for perfection but rather just “getting it down,” by narrowing the focus of the manuscript, and by using the active voice and first-person point of view. Suggestions for writing and creating the main elements of a scientific manuscript (ie, the abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, tables and figures, and references) are discussed separately, along with recommendations for the editing process and approaches for addressing common writing problems authors may encounter.