bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Coupled Electro‐Oxidation for Highly‐Efficient and Sustainable Water Treatment
Authors: Ran Xiaomeng , Qin Hehe , Liu Xiangyun , Chu Chengcheng , Li Qiuju , Zhao Hongying , Mao Shun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectro‐oxidation (EO) technology demonstrates significant potential in wastewater treatment. However, the high energy consumption has become a pivotal constraint hindering its large‐scale implementation. Herein, we design an EO and 4‐electron oxygen reduction reaction coupled system (EO‐4eORR) to replace the traditional EO and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) coupled system (EO‐HER). The theoretical cathodic potential of the electrolytic reactor is tuned from 0 V (vs. RHE) in HER to 1.23 V (vs. RHE) in 4eORR, which greatly decreases the required operation voltage of the reactor. Moreover, we demonstrate that convection can improve the mass transfer of oxygen and organic pollutants in the reaction system, leading to low cathodic polarization and high pollutant removal rate. Compared with traditional EO‐HER system, the energy consumption of the EO‐4eORR system under air aeration for 95 % total organic carbon (TOC) removal is greatly decreased to 2.61 kWh/kgTOC (only consider the electrolyzer energy consumption), which is superior to previously reported EO‐based water treatment systems. The reported results in this study offer a new technical mode for development of highly efficient and sustainable EO‐based treatment systems to remove organic pollutants in waste water.
Selective Photocatalytic C−H Oxidation of 5‐Methylcytosine in DNA
Authors: Yan Tao , Chen Yuqi , Mortishire‐Smith Ben , Simeone Angela , Hofer Alexandre , Balasubramanian Shankar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelective C−H activation on complex biological macromolecules is a key goal in the field of organic chemistry. It requires thermodynamically challenging chemical transformations to be delivered under mild, aqueous conditions. 5‐Methylcytosine (5mC) is a fundamentally important epigenetic modification in DNA that has major implications for biology and has emerged as a vital biomarker. Selective functionalisation of 5mC would enable new chemical approaches to tag, detect and map DNA methylation to enhance the study and exploitation of this epigenetic feature. We demonstrate the first example of direct and selective chemical oxidation of 5mC to 5‐formylcytosine (5fC) in DNA, employing a photocatalytic system. This transformation was used to selectively tag 5mC. We also provide proof‐of‐concept for deploying this chemistry for single‐base resolution sequencing of 5mC and genetic bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) in DNA on a next‐generation sequencing system. This work exemplifies how photocatalysis has the potential to transform the analysis of DNA.
Colon‐adhesive poly(maleic anhydride)‐sirolimus conjugate alleviates local colitis inflammation
Authors: Choi Sang‐Hun , Chi Soo‐Hyang , Park Yu‐Seong , Son Sejin , Cho Young‐Eun , Kim Jihoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory condition triggered by immunological imbalances in the digestive tract, leading to weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and an increased risk of colon cancer. Existing UC treatments encounter significant limitations, such as primary non‐responsiveness, secondary loss of efficacy, and adverse effects. This necessitates the development of drugs and drug formulations to broaden UC treatment options. This study describes the extended retention of poly(maleic anhydride)‐drug conjugates in the large intestine of a DSS‐induced acute colitis mouse model and highlights their potential for treating UC. Anti‐inflammatory sirolimus (Siro) is considered an alternative drug for UC treatment, which however also has side effects due to nonspecific systemic delivery. Accordingly, poly(malic anhydride)‐sirolimus (pSiro) is synthesized by linking Siro, a representative immunosuppressant and anti‐inflammatory drug used in clinical practice, to anhydride groups of poly(maleic anhydride) via ester bonds. In a biodistribution study, poly(maleic anhydride) increases drug retention in the large intestine. Histochemical staining reveals the reduced inflammation degree in the treatment of pSiro, which leads to the decline of systemic inflammatory markers such as plasma TNF‐α, NO, and LPS levels. These results suggest pSiro as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of UC.
The incorporation of KF‐6017 and LiTFSI benefiting for constructing a transparent, highly conductive polydimethylsiloxane‐based ionogel with high‐ionic liquid content
Authors: Liu Wei , Cai Shilong , Zhang Hefeng , Huang Yifu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presence of well‐conductive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based ionogel has changed the stereotype of PDMS of being an insulator, owing to continuous ionic liquid (IL) phase with superior ionic conductivity. However, the sacrifice on the transparency of ionogel often occurs if increasing IL content, and to overcome the immiscibility between nonpolar PDMS and polar IL is still regarded as a considerable challenge today. Herein a new strategy to prepare a transparent, highly conductive PDMS‐based ionogel with high IL content is proposed, using a “composite” surfactant of KF‐6017 and LiTFSI. Benefited from unique microphase separation during gel formation, the optimal ionogel of IG70%–1%–1% can possess excellent transparency (>95%, ~200 μm) with IL content of 70%, while owning ionic conductivity of 3.28 mS/cm and tensile property of 100 kPa. A new mechanism on the conductivity of ionogel is proposed by the molecular simulation. The ionogel can be suitable for applying as electrolyte (B) and a polymer binder for active carbon powders (as electrode A). As a result, the assembled electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (A/B/A) can be flexible accompanied with excellent electrochemical performance, which exhibits a promising future for flexible electronics and wearable devices.
Stable and biocompatible multivalent polymer‐grafted gold nanorods for enhanced photothermal antibacterial therapy
Authors: Mei Lin , Liu Zhimin , Shi Yanmei , Zhang Xiangyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared laser‐activated gold nanorods (AuNRs) with excellent photothermal property and tunable surface functionalization are considered as an ideal platform for biomedical applications. However, bare AuNRs have cytotoxicity against normal cells and are prone to agglomeration during laser irradiation. Herein, multivalent polymer‐functionalized AuNRs (AuNRs@pDMAEMA‐C4) was constructed as a highly stable and biocompatible photothermal agent for enhanced antibacterial therapy. The functionalized polymer was synthetized via the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and subsequently quaternized. Moreover, positively charged AuNRs@pDMAEMA‐C4 can easily capture the bacterial surface via electrostatic interactions. The integration of photothermal therapy of AuNRs and chemotherapy of functionalized polymer can achieve enhanced antibacterial effects. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, AuNRs@pDMAEMA‐C4 possessed excellent photothermal conversion capability and can kill gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Study of the antibacterial mechanism indicated that the antibacterial action of the prepared photothermal antibacterial agent can cause serious damage of the bacterial outer membranes, result in cytoplasm leakage and bacterial death. The nanocomposites combining with near‐infrared laser irradiation can facilitate rapid healing of bacteria‐infected wound by rat model of wound infection and histological analysis of the wound tissues. These results suggest that the surface functionalization can be used as potential strategy to fabricate light‐activated therapeutic agent for biomedical applications.
Tailored design of well‐defined comb‐like copolymer dispersants for enhanced dispersion and stability of cerium oxide nanoparticle suspensions
Authors: Man Jinlin , Guan Xinyue , Huang Guanshao , Zhou Junjie , Miao Han , Li Xinxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of effective dispersants for nanoparticle suspensions is crucial for enhancing the performance and stability of various functional materials. In this study, we investigated a series of comb‐like block copolymers with well‐defined structures, including both categories of block copolymers and uniformly composed random copolymers, as dispersants for cerium oxide (CeO2) suspensions. Acrylic acid (AA) units were used for anchoring and electrostatic repulsion, while methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate (MPEGA) units provided additional steric hindrance and solubility. We explored stabilization mechanisms involving polymer topologies, chain lengths, compositions, and molecular interactions from kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives. The results demonstrate significant improvements in dispersion stability with both categories of well‐controlled copolymers, especially with uniformly composed random copolymers due to their uniformly distributed multi‐point anchoring and balanced electrostatic and steric stabilization. This research not only enhances the fundamental understanding of polymer‐nanoparticle interactions and polymer dispersants, but also provides valuable guidance for the tailored design of dispersants for specific industrial and scientific needs.
Zinc‐Triazolate Metal‐Organic Framework Assisted Synthesis of Germanium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Bai Xue , Dong Jiabao , Zhang Kexin , Zhao Bin , Dong Xiaoli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGermanium (Ge) is demonstrated to be prospective as a lithium‐ion battery anode material, yet the cycling stability is undermined by substantial volume fluctuations, restricting its viability for practical applications. Here, we present a facile Zn‐based metal−organic framework (MOF) engaged route to produce Ge nanoparticles in situ encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon (denoted as Ge@N‐C) as an anode material. This method uses a zinc‐triazolate MOF (MET‐6) and commercial GeO2 as the hybrid carbon and Ge precursors. After a heating treatment, the Ge@N‐C composite is readily obtained along with the simultaneous thermal decomposition of MET‐6 and the reduction of GeO2. Benefiting from the mesoporous structure and high electrical conductivity of N−C, along with the strong interaction between Ge and N−C, the obtained Ge@N‐C electrode exhibits a significant reversible charge capacity of 1012.8 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, and excellent rate capability. Furthermore, a reversible charge capacity of 521.1 mAh g−1 can be maintained at 5.0 A g−1 after 1000 cycles.
Effects of an online group‐based intervention on effort tolerance in general education
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Fienup Daniel M. , Geiger Hayley M. , Jahromi Laudan B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffort tolerance refers to a repertoire of selecting a larger reinforcer requiring a higher‐effort response over a smaller reinforcer requiring a lower‐effort response. The current study investigated the effects of an online group‐based effort‐tolerance training on students' effort tolerance. The study adds to the literature because no studies have investigated the effects of a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement as an intervention that targets effort tolerance for a whole class in an online platform and in general education settings. During the intervention, researchers gradually increased the response requirements (i.e., number of math problems) to access a larger reinforcer and incorporated choice‐making opportunities to promote second‐grade students' selection of a higher‐effort/larger‐reinforcer response. The findings yielded mixed results – the intervention was relatively effective at increasing effort tolerance for students performing on and below grade level for math, but the same effects were not shown in students performing above grade level. Future applications in education and research are discussed.
Analytical quality by design‐based stability‐indicating high performance liquid chromatography method for the estimation of evogliptin tartrate in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors: Srivastava Shruti , Dhaneshwar Suneela , Kawathekar Neha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study utilized Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) approach to develop a stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for estimating evogliptin tartrate using design expert software. The key parameters were methodically optimized, contours were plotted, and stability was evaluated using various forced degradation conditions. Using an Agilent HPLC system with a photo diode array (PDA) detector along with Fortis C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) effectively separated the drug from its degradants. The mobile phase used was methanol: water (pH adjusted to 3.0, 76:24; v/v) at 0.8 mL/min flow rate. Evogliptin was eluted at 2.98 min, at a detection wavelength of 267 nm. The proposed method was found to be specific, precise, linear and robust. The drug was sensitive to acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photodegradation resolving six degradation products. Thus, the developed AQbD‐based stability‐indicating HPLC method is applicable in analyzing evogliptin in bulk, tablet dosage form and stability samples.
Effect of jigsaw‐integrated task‐driven learning on students' motivation, computational thinking, collaborative skills, and programming performance in a high‐school programming course
Authors: Zhan Zehui , Li Tingting , Ye Yaner 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComputer programming has emerged as an important field in K‐12 science, technology, engineering, and maths (STEM) education in the AI era. However, contemporary programming education is hindered by fragmented course content, high complexity, and difficulties in maintaining engagement, impeding smooth progress. More effective collaborative learning strategies need to be explored. This study constructed jigsaw‐integrated task‐driven learning (jigsaw‐TDL) in a high school Python programming course under a STEM curriculum and verified its teaching effectiveness on students’ learning motivation, computational thinking, collaborative skills, and programming performance both quantitatively and qualitatively. Nighty‐nine high school students were randomly assigned to a jigsaw‐TDL group and a general collaborative task‐driven learning group (collaborative‐TDL). During the experiment, a Python programming course was introduced over 7 weeks. Questionnaires, programming tasks, and semistructured interviews were comprehensively applied to examine students’ learning outcomes. Finally, the jigsaw‐TDL group showed significantly better performance than the collaborative‐TDL group in learning motivation, computational thinking, and collaborative skills. However, it only led to better programming performance in the less complex tasks. The majority of students held a positive attitude toward the jigsaw‐TDL model, acknowledging its benefits in group collaboration, programming knowledge acquisition, and application. This research provides empirical evidence and potential guidance for task organization and collaborative learning support in programming courses and STEM education.
Antibacterial and Antileishmanial Activity of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives
Authors: Oliveira Thaís A. S. , Silva Jackson B. A. , Silva Nagela B. S. , Félix Paulo C. A. , dos Santos Daiane A. , de Oliveira Andreia M. , Martins Carlos H. G. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe have synthesized twenty‐three 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives (1,4‐DHPs) by using a microwave‐assisted one‐pot multicomponent Hantzsch reaction and evaluated their antibacterial activity against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria and their in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes. Thirteen compounds were moderately active against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, and Lactobacillus paracasei. Compound 22 (diethyl 4‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate) displayed moderate antibacterial activity against S. mitis and S. sanguinis, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL); compounds 8 (ethyl 2,7,7‐trimethyl‐4‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate) and 10 (ethyl 2,7,7‐trimethyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate) were moderately active against S. sanguinis (MIC=500 μg/mL) and very active against L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC50=43.08 and 34.29 μM, respectively). Among the eight 1,4‐DHPs that were active (IC50 <50 μM) against L. amazonensis promastigotes, compound 13 (ethyl 2,7,7‐trimethyl‐4‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate) was the most active (IC50=24.62 μM) and had a Selectivity Index (SI) higher than 4 compared to GM07492 A cells. On the other hand, compounds 7 (ethyl 2,7,7‐trimethyl‐4‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate) and 9 (ethyl 2,7,7‐trimethyl‐4‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate) were the most active against L. amazonensis amastigotes (IC50=12.53 and 13.67 μM, respectively; SI>7.9 and >7.3, respectively) after 24 h of treatment. Our results indicated that asymmetric 1,4‐DHPs derived from dimedone exhibit antileishmanial potential.
Altering Oxygen Adsorption Model on B‐Doped Fe‒Cu Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Guo Jianglong , An Qizheng , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yuhao , Jiang Jingjing , Zhang Jing , Li Baojie , Qin Xupeng , Wang Wei , Liu Qinghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to isolated active sites of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), the catalytic kinetics of SACs are often unsatisfactory in those catalytic reaction processes involving multiple intermediates and reaction pathways, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To address this bottleneck and enhance the ORR performance of SACs, we developed a boron‐doped Fe‒Cu dual‐atom catalyst (Fe‒Cu‒B/NC). This catalyst is designed to modulate the oxygen adsorption model and adjust the adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates at the metal sites. In situ synchrotron infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the Fe‒Cu‒B/NC catalyst facilitates the adsorption of oxygen intermediates on the Fe‒Cu dual sites through a bridge adsorption model, which is more favorable for O─O bond cleavage. Meanwhile, in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the transformation of the adsorption model can accelerate the kinetics of intermediate species, further enhancing the catalytic efficiency. As a result, Fe‒Cu‒B/NC exhibits good ORR activity and strong durability, retaining 90% of its initial current density after 10 h of the ORR process in alkaline media.
Application of Fe3O4@MCC Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Sustainable Multicomponent Synthesis of 2,3′‐Biindoles
Authors: Pandya Ajay U. , Chaudhari Mukesh P. , Sharma Vinay S. , George Archana , Shiyal Gopal N. , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping innovative methods for synthesizing unique 2,3'‐biindole derivatives is crucial for the progression of drug and material discovery. The use of transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling improves the efficiency and structural diversity in the synthesis of biindoles. Among these methods, heterogeneous catalysis, particularly using Fe3O4 nanocatalyst supported by microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), is promising for green chemistry applications. In the present work, sixteen 2,3'‐biindole derivatives (4a‐p) were prepared using Fe3O4@MCC nanocatalyst which demonstrated enhanced performance, cost‐effectiveness, and reusability. The magnetic properties of the catalyst enable easy separation, simplifying purification processes, and enhancing overall reaction efficiency to 78%–93%. This method aligns with sustainable chemical practices and offers practical benefits for various industrial applications. This environment friendly method boasts several advantages and demonstrates excellent green chemistry metrics, including process mass intensity, environmental impact factor, atom economy, and reaction mass efficiency, atom economy, carbon efficiency, chemical yield, and optimum efficiency.
Improved deep network‐based load predictor and optimal load balancing in cloud‐fog services
Authors: Singh Shubham , Mishra Amit Kumar , Arjaria Siddhartha Kumar , Bhatt Chinmay , Pandey Daya Shankar , Yadav Ritesh Kumar 
Published: September 2024

SummaryCloud computing is commonly utilized in remote contexts to handle user demands for resources and services. Each assignment has unique processing needs that are determined by the time it takes to complete. However, if load balancing is not properly managed, the effectiveness of resources may suffer dramatically. Consequently, cloud service providers have to emphasize rapid and precise load balancing as well as proper resource supply. This paper proposes a novel enhanced deep network‐based load predictor and load balancing in cloud‐fog services. In prior, the workload is predicted using a deep network called Multiple Layers Assisted in LSTM (MLA‐LSTM) model that considers the capacity of virtual machine (VM) and task as input and predicts the target label as underload, overload and equally balanced. According to this prediction, the optimal load balancing is performed through a hybrid optimization named Osprey Assisted Pelican Optimization Algorithm (OAPOA) while taking into account several parameters such as makespan, execution cost, resource consumption, and server load. Additionally, a process known as load migration is carried out, in which machines with overload tasks are assigned to machines with underload tasks. This migration is applied optimally via the OAPOA strategy under the consideration of constraints including migration cost and migration efficiency.
Can Metal Promotion of SAPO‐34 Genuinely Improve Its Catalytic Performance in Methanol Conversion to Light Olefins Reaction?
Authors: Ghavipour Mohammad , Al Hussami Ralph , Nasser Galal , Kopyscinski Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo genuinely assess the effect of secondary metal promotion on improving the SAPO‐34 catalytic performance in MTO reaction, a broad spectrum of metals from different groups of the periodic table (alkali and alkaline earth metals, transition metals, rare earth metals, and basic metals) were investigated. Metals were added through a direct incorporation route with Me/Al2O3 molar ratio of 0.05. Some metals seamlessly incorporated into the SAPO‐34 framework and replaced the Si and Al atoms, while others partially merged or even failed to be combined with SAPO and emerged as amorphous phases. Although, in some cases, the surface area of the metal‐promoted samples increased due to enhanced nucleation rate and smaller particle formation, the majority of the promoted samples suffered from a severe loss in crystallinity that resulted in inferior catalytic performance. It was also illustrated that hydrogen co‐feeding with methanol (H2/MeOH molar ratio of 1.5) at ambient pressure could extend the catalyst lifetime by 27 % due to hydrogenation and cracking of the coke species and improve the light olefins selectivity.