bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal factors associated with clinical presentation of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Endicott Alyson A. , Morimoto Libby M. , Kline Cassie N. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Metayer Catherine , Walsh Kyle M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma typically develops during puberty with tumors arising at sites of rapid bone growth, suggesting a role for growth‐regulating pathways in tumor etiology. Birthweight is one measure of perinatal growth that has been investigated as an osteosarcoma risk factor. Whether birthweight affects clinical features of osteosarcoma remains unexplored.MethodSix hundred seventy patients with osteosarcoma, aged 0–19 years, were identified through the California Cancer Registry. We analyzed birth certificate data from the California Department of Public Health vital statistics unit for these patients and 2,860 controls, matched by sex, birth‐year, and race/ethnicity. We examined the impact of birthweight on the risk, timing, and clinical presentation of pediatric osteosarcoma including tumor location, size, extension, differentiation, presence of metastasis, and age at onset. Regression models were adjusted for race, sex, gestational age, socioeconomic status, and tumor site.ResultsHigher birthweight was associated with more advanced tumor stage (P = 0.017), a trend toward greater tumor extension into surrounding tissues (P = 0.083), and with occurrence of tumors in sites other than the long bones of the arms/legs (P = 9.7 × 10−3). Higher birthweight was also associated with an increased likelihood of metastases present at diagnosis (P = 0.047), with each 200 g increase in birthweight associated with a 1.11‐fold increase in the odds of having metastatic disease (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.22).ConclusionsThe association between higher birthweight and more aggressive osteosarcoma, frequently occurring at sites other than the long bones, suggests that growth pathways active during gestation may play an important role in future osteosarcoma progression, especially at anatomic sites with diminished rates of osteoblastic proliferation.
Spending on Hepatitis C Antivirals in the United States, 2009–2015
Authors: Suda Katie J. , Halbur Drew J. , Hunkler Robert J. , Matusiak Linda M. , Schumock Glen T. 
Published: November 2016

Study objectiveNew hepatitis C virus (HCV) antivirals have been shown to be highly effective with minimal adverse effects, but they are costly. Little is known, however, about the impact of the new HCV antivirals on expenditures in the overall U.S. health care system or by health care sector. Thus the objective of this study was to describe HCV antiviral expenditures by agent, year, and health care sector.DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.Data sourceQuintilesIMS National Sales Perspectives database.Measurements and main resultsQuintilesIMS National Sales Perspectives data for the period of January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2015, were used to describe HCV antiviral expenditures. HCV antiviral expenditures grew each year from $78 million in 2009 to $18 billion in 2015, except during 2013 when spending on HCV drugs dropped by $684 million (41%) compared with 2012. Although most expenditures in 2009 and 2010 were for interferons, this shifted to telaprevir in 2011–2013 and sofosbuvir‐containing regimens in 2014–2015. Mail service and community pharmacies were associated with most of the expenditures throughout the study period.ConclusionNew HCV antivirals are driving the increased expenditures for this class. Decreased expenditures in 2013 may have been secondary to delaying HCV treatment until new therapies received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (termed “warehousing”). With continued drug development and approval of HCV therapies, expenditures are expected to continue to increase, barring actions by payers that may impede this trend. Medication policies guiding HCV treatment should focus on safety and efficacy while balancing the long‐term costs of HCV.
Prognostic Relevance of the Timing of Initiating and the Completion of Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Woohyung , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Han Ho‐Seong , Jang Jin Young , Cho Jai Young , Jung Woohyun , Kwon Wooil , Choi YoungRok , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the role of adjuvant therapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is well established, its optimal timing and duration are still controversial.MethodsThe study included 311 patients with PDAC who underwent curative resection followed by adjuvant therapy. We analyzed survival data according to the timing of initiation and completion of adjuvant therapy.ResultsThere were no differences in 5‐year overall survival (OS) (32.8 vs. 35.4%, p = 0.539) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates (26.2 vs. 23.3%, p = 0.865) between early (≤6 weeks) and late (>6 weeks) initiation of adjuvant therapy. However, the 5‐year OS (42.6 vs. 22.2%, p < 0.001) and DFS (29.2 vs. 18.4%, p = 0.042) rates were significantly greater in patients with complete versus incomplete adjuvant therapy. Multivariable analysis revealed that incomplete adjuvant therapy was an independent prognostic factor for decreased OS (p = 0.001; hazard ratio 1.850; 95% confidence interval 1.266–2.702).ConclusionsThe results show that complete adjuvant therapy is a more important prognostic factor than early initiation for improving the survival of patients with resected PDAC.
Communication about Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Perspective of Filipino Families
Authors: Abad Peter James B. , Anonuevo Cora A. , Daack‐Hirsch Sandra , Abad Lorna R. , Padilla Carmencita D. , Laurino Mercy Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), like other genetic conditions, is a relational disease from both the biological and psychosocial perspectives since the diagnosis gives rise to a variety of health, reproductive, and psychosocial implications. It is in these contexts that family communication of genetic information is important to study. Hence, this research aimed to explore genetic information communication in Filipino families affected with CAH. Using a qualitative descriptive design, families with a child affected with CAH were recruited through the CAH parent support group and were interviewed. Semi‐structured interviews explored flow and content of genetic information communicated, the meanings the families attach to the communicated information, and the motivating and hindering factors in communication. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings. A total of five families participated, which included 11 individuals. Findings revealed that the diagnosis of CAH is not kept secret and it is openly shared with the family. The decision to communicate is influenced by several factors including the family's desire to seek further information about their family history. Initially, the focus of the communicated information is on the health implications and while communication about genetics occurs, this is almost always confined to the immediate family. The mother and grandmother serve as primary communicators in the family. The families have limited understanding of CAH especially its genetic implications including recurrence risk and carrier status. The findings can guide genetic counselors in supporting families in communicating information about CAH with the rest of the family.
Regulatory cascading: Limitations of policy design in European banking structural reforms
Authors: Spendzharova Aneta B 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article examines banking structural reforms introduced in the European Union (EU), placed in an international context. The concept of ‘regulatory cascading’ is put forward to investigate how European policy-makers tackle complex multi-faceted problems, such as that of banks which are ‘too big to fail’. The article shows that partial solutions to the problem introduced in other areas of banking regulation, coupled with strategic activism at the domestic level by key EU member states have constrained the opportunities to design a coherent EU framework regulating bank structures. In response to the Commission's proposal for harmonised European banking structural reforms, the Council has stressed in its position two approaches that closely correspond to the measures adopted in France and Germany, on the one hand, and the UK, on the other hand.
A Sensitive Search for Predicted Methanol Maser Transitions with the Australia Telescope Compact Array
Authors: Chipman A. , Ellingsen S. P. , Sobolev A. M. , Cragg D. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to search for a number of centimetre wavelength methanol transitions which are predicted to show weak maser emission towards star formation regions. Sensitive, high spatial, and spectral resolution observations towards four high-mass star formation regions which show emission in a large number of class II methanol maser transitions did not result in any detections. From these observations, we are able to place an upper limit of ≲ 1300 K on the brightness temperature of any emission from the 31A+–31A−, 17−2–18−3 E (vt = 1), 124–133 A−, 124–133 A+, and 41A+–41A− transitions of methanol in these sources on angular scales of 2 arcsec. This upper limit is consistent with current models for class II methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions and better constraints than those provided here will likely require observations with next-generation radio telescopes.
Relations Between He I λ10830 Absorption Strength and Stellar Activity Amongst Dwarf Stars
Authors: Smith Graeme H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCorrelations are identified between the strength of the λ10830 He I triplet line and the following tracers of stellar activity amongst FGK dwarfs with colours of (B − V) > 0.47: coronal soft X-ray emission, emission in the λ1549 C IV and λ1335 C II lines originating from the transition region, and Ca II H and K emission from the chromosphere. No such correlations are present amongst dwarfs with spectral type earlier than F6. In addition, G and K dwarfs with strong triplet lines show evidence of excess flux in the GALEX FUV band compared to weak-triplet-line dwarfs. The X-ray spectra of late-F, G, and K dwarfs with He I triplets stronger than 160 mÅ have greater values of the ROSAT hardness ratio HR1 than are typical of weak-triplet dwarfs in the same range of spectral type. In other words, dwarfs later than F7V with strong He I triplet lines tend towards harder 0.1–2.0 keV X-ray spectra than weak-triplet dwarfs, although values of HR1 ~ −0.2 to +0.1 can still be encountered amongst a minority of weak-He-triplet stars. As regards, FGK main sequence stars the observational data on the λ10830 triplet line remains sparse. Progress could be made through spectroscopy of high resolution for samples of hundreds of stars, selected on the basis of having other measures of chromospheric and coronal activity available.
Long-term changes in the numbers of Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a cotton production landscape in northern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Baker G.H. , Tann C.R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo noctuid moths, Helicoverpa punctigera and Helicoverpa armigera, are pests of several agricultural crops in Australia, most notably cotton. Cotton is a summer crop, grown predominantly in eastern Australia. The use of transgenic (Bt) cotton has reduced the damage caused by Helicoverpa spp., but the development of Bt resistance in these insects remains a threat. In the past, large populations of H. punctigera have built up in inland Australia, following autumn-winter rains. Moths have then migrated to the cropping regions in spring, when their inland host plants dried off. To determine if there have been any long-term changes in this pattern, pheromone traps were set for H. punctigera throughout a cropping landscape in northern New South Wales from 1992 to 2015. At least three generations of moths were caught from spring to autumn. The 1st generation (mostly spring migrants) was the most numerous. Trap captures varied between sites and decreased in time, especially for moths in the 1st generation. Nearby habitat type influenced the size of catch and there was some evidence that local weather also influenced the numbers of moths caught. There was no correlation between trap catches in the cropping region and rainfall in the inland. In addition, there was little evidence that Bt cotton has reduced the abundance of H. punctigera at landscape scale. The apparent decline in the number of presumably Bt susceptible moths arriving each spring in the cropping regions from inland habitats is of concern in relation to the management of Bt resistance.
Histological analysis of tonsillectomies: relationship with surgical technique, post-operative pain and haemorrhage
Authors: Magdalena ML , Solé A , Blanco V , Rodrigo JP 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectives:There is no consensus on the optimal technique to decrease post-tonsillectomy morbidity. Histopathological analysis can estimate collateral tissue damage. This study compared histological findings for tonsils removed by cold or electrocautery dissection and their relationship with post-operative complications.Methods:Two adult out-patient groups were included in the study: 37 who underwent cold dissection and 37 who underwent electrocautery dissection. Histological analysis was used to assess tissue damage.Results:Tissue damage was significantly higher in the electrocautery dissection group (p = 0.002), as were the number of emergency department visits (p = 0.01) and the need for supplemental analgesia (p = 0.013). Patients in the cold dissection group experienced less pain (p = 0.001) and fewer secondary haemorrhage episodes.Conclusion:Cold dissection produces less tissue damage, which is associated with lower incidence of complications. This study suggests that cold dissection is the technique of choice for tonsillectomy.
Anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and stressful life events in non-cardiac adolescent chest pain: a comparative study about the hidden part of the iceberg
Authors: Eliacik Kayi , Kanik Ali , Bolat Nurullah , Mertek Hilal , Guven Baris , Karadas Ulas , Dogrusoz Buket , Bakiler Ali Rahmi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChest pain in adolescents is rarely associated with cardiac disease. Adolescents with medically unexplained chest pain usually have high levels of anxiety and depression. Psychological stress may trigger non-cardiac chest pain. This study evaluated risk factors that particularly characterise adolescence, such as major stressful events, in a clinical population. The present study was conducted on 100 adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain and 76 control subjects. Stressful life events were assessed by interviewing patients using a 36-item checklist, along with the Children’s Depression Inventory and Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, in both groups. Certain stressful life events, suicidal thoughts, depression, and anxiety were more commonly observed in adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain compared with the control group. Moreover, binary logistic regression analysis showed that trouble with bullies, school-related problems, and depression may trigger non-cardiac chest pain in adolescents. Non-cardiac chest pain on the surface may point to the underlying psychosocial health problems such as depression, suicidal ideas, or important life events such as academic difficulties or trouble with bullies. The need for a psychosocial evaluation that includes assessment of negative life events and a better management have been discussed in light of the results.
Is having a job a protective factor? Employment status and state of medical care as subjectively perceived by adults with CHD in Germany
Authors: Helm Paul C. , Sticker Elisabeth J. , Keuchen Roland , Koerten Marc-André , Diller Gerhard-Paul , Tutarel Oktay , Bauer Ulrike M. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundMost patients born with CHD nowadays reach adulthood, and thus quality of life, life situation, and state of medical care aspects are gaining importance in the current era. The present study aimed to investigate whether patients’ assessment depends on their means of occupation. The findings are expected to be helpful in optimising care and for developing individual treatment plans.MethodsThe present study was based on an online survey conducted in cooperation with patient organisations. Participants were recruited from the database of the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects. In total, 1828 individuals (777 males, 1051 females) took part. Participants were asked to rate aspects such their state of health on a six-tier scale (1=worst specification). Response behaviour was measured against the background of occupational details.ResultsTraining for or pursuing a profession was found to be significantly associated with participants’ rating of five of the six examined aspects (p<0.05). Sex seemed to play an important part in four of the six aspects.ConclusionsAn optimal treatment plan for adults with CHD should always consider aspects such as sex and employment status. To work out such an optimal and individual treatment plan for each adult CHD patient, an objective tool to measure patients’ actual CHD-specific knowledge precluding socially accepted response bias would be very useful.
The impact of doubling dairy or plant-based foods on consumption of nutrients of concern and proper bone health for adolescent females
Authors: Demmer Elieke , Cifelli Christopher J , Houchins Jenny A , Fulgoni Victor L 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of increasing plant-based foods v. dairy foods on energy and nutrients of concern in adolescent females via diet modelling exercises.DesignData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to compare nutrient intakes from usual diet with those from three dietary scenarios that increased current intakes by 100 % of the following: (i) plant-based foods; (ii) protein-rich plant-based foods; and (iii) milk, cheese and yoghurt. The first two scenarios had commensurate reductions in animal products.SettingWhat We Eat in America, NHANES 2007–2010.SubjectsFemale adolescents (n 1594) aged 9–18 years.ResultsWhen currently consumed plant-based foods were increased by 100 %, there were increases in dietary fibre, added sugar, vitamin E, Fe and folate intakes. These increases were accompanied by decreases in total fat, saturated fat, Zn, vitamin D, Ca and protein intakes. Protein-rich plant foods are consumed in very low quantities in this population such that doubling their intake resulted in no real nutritional impact. When dairy products were increased by 100 % there were increases in intakes of vitamin D, Mg, Zn, Ca, K, energy, saturated fat and protein.ConclusionsNon-specific recommendations to increase plant foods can lead to unintended nutritional consequences. For adolescent girls, meeting the dietary recommendation of three daily servings of dairy improved the intake of the identified nutrients of concern while simultaneously providing adequate nutrients essential for proper growth and bone health critical during the adolescent phase.
Who benefits from a dietary online intervention? Evidence from Italy, Spain and Greece
Authors: Schwarzer Ralf , Fleig Lena , Warner Lisa M , Gholami Maryam , Serra-Majem Lluis , Ngo Joy , Roman-Viñas Blanca , Ribas-Barba Lourdes , Distante Alessandro , Ntzani Evangelia , Giannakis George , Brandi Maria L 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe traditional Mediterranean diet includes high consumption of fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes, cereals and nuts, moderate to high intake of fish and dairy products, and low consumption of meat products. Intervention effects to improve adoption of this diet may vary in terms of individuals’ motivational or volitional prerequisites. In the context of a three-country research collaboration, intervention effects on these psychological constructs for increasing adoption of the Mediterranean diet were examined.DesignAn intervention was conducted to improve Mediterranean diet consumption with a two-month follow-up. Linear multiple-level models examined which psychological constructs (outcome expectancies, planning, action control and stage of change) were associated with changes in diet scores.SettingWeb-based intervention in Italy, Spain and Greece.SubjectsAdults (n454; mean age 42·2 (sd10·4) years, range 18–65 years;n112 at follow-up).ResultsAnalyses yielded an overall increase in the Mediterranean diet scores. Moreover, there were interactions between time and all four psychological constructs on these changes. Participants with lower levels of baseline outcome expectancies, planning, action control and stage of change were found to show steeper slopes, thus greater behavioural adoption, than those who started out with higher levels.ConclusionsThe intervention produced overall improvements in Mediterranean diet consumption, with outcome expectancies, planning, action control and stage of change operating as moderators, indicating that those with lower motivational or volitional prerequisites gained more from the online intervention. Individual differences in participants’ readiness for change need to be taken into account to gauge who would benefit most from the given treatment.
A qualitative Kaupapa Māori approach to understanding infant and young child feeding practices of Māori and Pacific grandparents in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Tapera Rachel , Harwood Matire , Anderson Anneka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present research sought to better understand the barriers, facilitators, attitudes and beliefs that influence the way Māori and Samoan grandparents feed their grandchildren in a deprived urban neighbourhood in New Zealand.DesignThe research adopted a qualitative methodology that was consistent with a Kaupapa Māori research approach. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with grandparents to collect narrative data.SettingSampling occurred in one Auckland suburb. The suburb was selected because of its high level of socio-economic deprivation and ethnic diversity.SubjectsSeven grandparents participated in the study (five Māori and two Samoan). Each participant met the inclusion criteria (i.e. they had provided at least five meals per week over the previous three months to grandchildren aged less than 24 months). Marae (i.e. meeting houses and areas used by local Māori tribes/sub-tribes) and community organisations were used to recruit participants.ResultsA general inductive thematic analysis identified four key themes: (i) grandparents’ understanding of optimal feeding practices; (ii) economic and material factors; (iii) previous experiences and customary norms; and (iv) social support and societal pressure.ConclusionsThe study showed that grandparents’ complementary feeding practices in caring for infant grandchildren were influenced by upstream structural elements such as government policies related to welfare and pensions, employment, income and cultural knowledge. Frameworks that seek to achieve social justice and support cultural practices should be employed and promoted in the development of future policy and research in this area.