bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romancing the American Dream: The Coen Brothers' Raising Arizona
Authors: Melton Jeffrey 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Raising Arizona (1987), written, directed, and produced by Joel and Ethan Coen, draws on various conventions of well-established film genres. Although the Coens employ an array of generic elements—including the western, noir, and road films—it is the romantic comedy that provides coherence and drives the film. This article explores Raising Arizona in a sustained context of romantic comedy formula and its relationship to popular notions of the American Dream. It argues for viewing the film as two distinct but interrelated romantic comedy narratives. A close reading of the film in this context reveals a conscious and sustained manipulation of the genre and demonstrates that Raising Arizona is a more coherent and challenging film than viewers may have considered.
The Impact of Social Responsibility on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Yan Yun-Chia , Chou Li-Chuan , Chang Ta-Cheng , Darcy John 
Published: April 2017

Prior studies show a mixed relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP). This paper attempts to address the issue by using listing companies from Taiwan during 2007-2010. Contrary to prior studies that use qualitative approaches to construct a CSR index, in order to examine the relation between CSR and CFP this study directly adopts the CSR score with a scale from zero to 100 points from the CSRHub database of companies’ social, environmental, and governance performance. We find that (1) there is a positive and significant interaction between CSR and CFP, (2) high score CSR firms tend to outperform low score CSR firms and (3) the governance dimension of CSR has a more significant and positive association with stock price returns than other dimensions (community, employees, and environment) of CSR. Our results, therefore, provide additional information regarding the relation between CSR and CFP within the context of emerging markets.
Differential transcript profile of inhibitors with potential anti-venom role in the liver of juvenile and adultBothrops jararacasnake
Authors: Gomes Cícera Maria , Morais-Zani Karen de , Lu Stephen , Buarque Diego de Souza , Braz Glória Regina Cardoso , Grego Kathleen Fernandes , Tanaka Aparecida Sadae , Tanaka-Azevedo Anita Mitico 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundSnakes belonging to theBothropsgenus are vastly distributed in Central and South America and are responsible for most cases of reported snake bites in Latin America. The clinical manifestations of the envenomation caused by this genus are due to three major activities—proteolytic, hemorrhagic and coagulant—mediated by metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, phospholipases A2and other toxic compounds present in snake venom. Interestingly, it was observed that snakes are resistant to the toxic effects of its own and other snake’s venoms. This natural immunity may occur due the absence of toxin target or the presence of molecules in the snake plasma able to neutralize such toxins.MethodsIn order to identify anti-venom molecules, we construct a cDNA library from the liver ofB. jararacasnakes. Moreover, we analyzed the expression profile of four molecules—the already known anti-hemorrhagic factor Bj46a, one gamma-phospholipase A2inhibitor, one inter-alpha inhibitor and one C1 plasma protease inhibitor—in the liver of juvenile and adult snakes by qPCR.ResultsThe results revealed a 30-fold increase of gamma-phospholipase A2inhibitor and a minor increase of the inter-alpha inhibitor (5-fold) and of the C1 inhibitor (3-fold) in adults. However, the Bj46a factor seems to be equally transcribed in adults and juveniles.DiscussionThe results suggest the up-regulation of different inhibitors observed in the adult snakes might be a physiological adaptation to the recurrent contact with their own and even other snake’s venoms throughout its lifespan. This is the first comparative analysis of ontogenetic variation of expression profiles of plasmatic proteins with potential anti-venom activities of the venomous snakeB. jararaca. Furthermore, the present data contributes to the understanding of the natural resistance described in these snakes.
Equatorward propagating auroral arcs driven by ULF wave activity: Multipoint ground‐ and space‐based observations in the dusk sector auroral oval
Authors: Baddeley L. J. , Lorentzen D. A. , Partamies N. , Denig M. , Pilipenko V. A. , Oksavik K. , Chen X. , Zhang Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObservations of multiple equatorward propagating arcs driven by a resonant Alfvén wave on closed field lines are presented. Data sets from the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar (ESR) and Meridian Scanning Photometer in Longyearbyen, All‐Sky Camera in Ny Ålesund, ground magnetometer data in Svalbard, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 satellite were utilized to study the arc structures. The arcs had an equatorward phase propagation of ~0.46 km s−1 and were observed in the dusk ionosphere from 1800 to 2030 magnetic local time. Analysis of the optical data indicates that the Alfvén wave had a frequency of 1.63 mHz and an azimuthal wave number, m ~ −20 (the negative sign indicating a westward propagation). Inverted‐V electron populations associated with field‐aligned currents of between 0.5 and 0.8 μA m−2 are observed by DMSP F16 inside the arc structures. In addition to electron density enhancements associated with the arcs, the ESR data show elevated ion temperatures in between the arcs consistent with electric field enhancements and ionospheric heating effects. The combination of ESR and DMSP F16 data indicates that the wave energy was dissipated through ionospheric Joule and/or ion frictional heating and acceleration of particles into the ionosphere, generating the auroral displays. The fine‐scale structuring, in addition to the propagation direction and scale size, would suggest that the auroral features are the signatures of a field line resonance driven by an interaction with a compressional fast mode wave propagating earthward from the magnetotail.
Roles of whistler mode waves and magnetosonic waves in changing the outer radiation belt and the slot region
Authors: Li L. Y. , Yu J. , Cao J. B. , Yang J. Y. , Li X. , Baker D. N. , Reeves G. D. , Spence H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing the Van Allen Probe long‐term (2013–2015) observations and quasi‐linear simulations of wave‐particle interactions, we examine the combined or competing effects of whistler mode waves (chorus or hiss) and magnetosonic (MS) waves on energetic (<0.5 MeV) and relativistic (>0.5 MeV) electrons inside and outside the plasmasphere. Although whistler mode chorus waves and MS waves can singly or jointly accelerate electrons from the hundreds of keV energy to the MeV energy in the low‐density trough, most of the relativistic electron enhancement events are best correlated with the chorus wave emissions outside the plasmapause. Inside the plasmasphere, intense plasmaspheric hiss can cause the net loss of relativistic electrons via persistent pitch angle scattering, regardless of whether MS waves were present or not. The intense hiss waves not only create the energy‐dependent electron slot region but also remove a lot of the outer radiation belt electrons when the expanding dayside plasmasphere frequently covers the outer zone. Since whistler mode waves (chorus or hiss) can resonate with more electrons than MS waves, they play dominant roles in changing the outer radiation belt and the slot region. However, MS waves can accelerate the energetic electrons below 400 keV and weaken their loss inside the plasmapause. Thus, MS waves and plasmaspheric hiss generate different competing effects on energetic and relativistic electrons in the high‐density plasmasphere.
Thermal evolution of a hyperextended rift basin, Mauléon Basin, western Pyrenees
Authors: Hart Nicole R. , Stockli Daniel F. , Lavier Luc L. , Hayman Nicholas W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOnshore and offshore geological and geophysical observations and numerical modeling have greatly improved the conceptual understanding of magma‐poor rifted margins. However, critical questions remain concerning the thermal evolution of the prerift to synrift phases of thinning ending with the formation of hyperextended crust and mantle exhumation. In the western Pyrenees, the Mauléon Basin preserves the structural and stratigraphic record of Cretaceous extension, exhumation, and sedimentation of the proximal‐to‐distal margin development. Pyrenean shortening uplifted basement and overlying sedimentary basins without pervasive shortening or reheating, making the Mauléon Basin an ideal locality to study the temporal and thermal evolution of magma‐poor hyperextended rift systems through coupling bedrock and detrital zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronometric data from transects characterizing different structural rifting domains. These new data indicate that the basin was heated during early rifting to >180°C with geothermal gradients of ~80–100°C/km. The proximal margin recorded rift‐related exhumation/cooling at circa 98 Ma, whereas the distal margin remained >180°C until the onset of Paleocene Pyrenean shortening. Lithospheric‐scale numerical modeling shows that high geothermal gradients, >80°C/km, and synrift sediments >180°C, can be reached early in rift evolution via heat advection by lithospheric depth‐dependent thinning and blanketing caused by the lower thermal conductivity of synrift sediments. Mauléon Basin thermochronometric data and numerical modeling illustrate that reheating of basement and synrift strata might play an important role and should be considered in the future development of conceptual and numerical models for hyperextended magma‐poor continental rifted margins.
Evaluating the impacts of farmers' behaviors on a hypothetical agricultural water market based on double auction
Authors: Du Erhu , Cai Ximing , Brozović Nicholas , Minsker Barbara 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAgricultural water markets are considered effective instruments to mitigate the impacts of water scarcity and to increase crop production. However, previous studies have limited understanding of how farmers' behaviors affect the performance of water markets. This study develops an agent‐based model to explicitly incorporate farmers' behaviors, namely irrigation behavior (represented by farmers' sensitivity to soil water deficit
) and bidding behavior (represented by farmers' rent seeking
and learning rate
), in a hypothetical water market based on a double auction. The model is applied to the Guadalupe River Basin in Texas to simulate a hypothetical agricultural water market under various hydrological conditions. It is found that the joint impacts of the behavioral parameters on the water market are strong and complex. In particular, among the three behavioral parameters,
affects the water market potential and its impacts on the performance of the water market are significant under most scenarios. The impacts of
or
on the performance of the water market depend on the other two parameters. The water market could significantly increase crop production only when the following conditions are satisfied: (1)
is small and (2)
is small and/or
is large. The first condition requires efficient irrigation scheduling, and the second requires well‐developed water market institutions that provide incentives to bid true valuation of water permits.
Dynamics of a “low‐enrichment high‐retention” upwelling center over the southern Senegal shelf
Authors: Ndoye Siny , Capet Xavier , Estrade Philippe , Sow Bamol , Machu Eric , Brochier Timothée , Döring Julian , Brehmer Patrice 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSenegal is the southern tip of the Canary upwelling system. Its coastal ocean hosts an upwelling center which shapes sea surface temperatures between latitudes 12° and 15°N. Near this latter latitude, the Cape Verde headland and a sudden change in shelf cross‐shore profile are major sources of heterogeneity in the southern Senegal upwelling sector (SSUS). SSUS dynamics is investigated by means of Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations. Configuration realism and resolution (Δx≈ 2 km) are sufficient to reproduce the SSUS frontal system. Our main focus is on the 3‐D upwelling circulation which turns out to be profoundly different from 2‐D theory: cold water injection onto the shelf and upwelling are strongly concentrated within a few tens of kilometers south of Cape Verde and largely arise from flow divergence in the alongshore direction; a significant fraction of the upwelled waters are retained nearshore over long distances while travelling southward under the influence of northerly winds. Another source of complexity, regional‐scale alongshore pressure gradients, also contributes to the overall retention of upwelled waters over the shelf. Varying the degree of realism of atmospheric and oceanic forcings does not appreciably change these conclusions. This study sheds light on the dynamics and circulation underlying the recurrent sea surface temperature pattern observed during the upwelling season and offers new perspectives on the connections between the SSUS physical environment and its ecosystems. It also casts doubt on the validity of upwelling intensity estimations based on simple Ekman upwelling indices at such local scales.
Observations of the initial stage of a rocket‐and‐wire‐triggered lightning discharge
Authors: Zhang Yang , Krehbiel Paul R. , Zhang Yijun , Lu Weitao , Zheng Dong , Xu Liangtao , Huang Zhigang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObservations have been obtained of the initial stage of a rocket‐and‐wire‐triggered lightning flash with a high‐resolution broadband VHF interferometer. The discharge produced 54 precursor current pulses (PCPs) over 883 ms during the rocket's ascent. The interferometer observations show that the PCPs were produced by breakdown at the ascending tip of the rocket, and that individual PCPs were produced by weak upward positive breakdown over meters‐scale distances, followed by more energetic, fast downward negative breakdown over several tens of meters distance. The average propagation speeds were ~5 × 106 m s−1 and ~3 × 107 m s−1, respectively. The sustained upward positive leader (UPL) was initiated by a rapid, repetitive burst of 14 precursor pulses. Upon initiation, the VHF radiation abruptly became continuous with time. Significantly, breakdown during the UPL appeared to extend the discharge in a similar manner to that of the precursor pulses.
Global distribution of groundwater‐vegetation spatial covariation
Authors: Koirala Sujan , Jung Martin , Reichstein Markus , de Graaf Inge E. M. , Camps‐Valls Gustau , Ichii Kazuhito , Papale Dario , Ráduly Botond , Schwalm Christopher R. , Tramontana Gianluca , Carvalhais Nuno 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGroundwater is an integral component of the water cycle, and it also influences the carbon cycle by supplying moisture to ecosystems. However, the extent and determinants of groundwater‐vegetation interactions are poorly understood at the global scale. Using several high‐resolution data products, we show that the spatial patterns of ecosystem gross primary productivity and groundwater table depth are correlated during at least one season in more than two thirds of the global vegetated area. Positive relationships, i.e., larger productivity under shallower groundwater table, predominate in moisture‐limited dry to mesic conditions with herbaceous and shrub vegetation. Negative relationships, i.e., larger productivity under deeper groundwater, predominate in humid climates with forests, possibly indicating a drawdown of groundwater table due to substantial ecosystem water use. Interestingly, these opposite groundwater‐vegetation interactions are primarily associated with differences in vegetation than with climate and surface characteristics. These findings put forth the first evidence, and a need for better representation, of extensive and non‐negligible groundwater‐vegetation interactions at the global scale.
Feedback process responsible for intermodel diversity of ENSO variability
Authors: An Soon‐Il , Heo Eun Sook , Kim Seon Tae 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe origin of the intermodel diversity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is investigated by applying a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis between the intermodel tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) variance and the intermodel ENSO stability index (BJ index). The first SVD mode features an ENSO‐like pattern for the intermodel SSTA variance (74% of total variance) and the dominant thermocline feedback (TH) for the BJ index (51%). Intermodel TH is mainly modified by the intermodel sensitivity of the zonal thermocline gradient response to zonal winds over the equatorial Pacific (βh), and the intermodel βh is correlated higher with the intermodel off‐equatorial wind stress curl anomalies than the equatorial zonal wind stress anomalies. Finally, the intermodel off‐equatorial wind stress curl is associated with the meridional shape and intensity of ENSO‐related wind patterns, which may cause a model‐to‐model difference in ENSO variability by influencing the off‐equatorial oceanic Rossby wave response.
Galileo probe interpretation indicating a neutrally stable layer in the Jovian troposphere
Authors: O'Neill Morgan E , Kaspi Yohai , Fletcher Leigh N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe sole in situ measurement of a giant planet atmosphere comes from the Galileo probe, which plunged through Jupiter's weather layer at 6.5°N and measured a remarkably stable atmospheric temperature profile. Horizontal winds were observed to substantially increase from 1 to 3 bars, in a region of relatively low static stability. We show that this high‐shear region indicates the best possibility of zero potential vorticity and resulting slantwise convection and suggest that the fluid here could potentially be adiabatic. We generalize an expression to determine lapse rates along constant angular momentum surfaces for deep atmospheres at any latitude.
Projected changes of the low‐latitude north‐western Pacific wind‐driven circulation under global warming
Authors: Duan Jing , Chen Zhaohui , Wu Lixin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBased on the outputs of 25 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, the projected changes of the wind‐driven circulation in the low‐latitude north‐western Pacific are evaluated. Results demonstrate that there will be a decrease in the mean transport of the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Mindanao Current, and Kuroshio Current in the east of the Philippines, accompanied by a northward shift of the NEC bifurcation Latitude (NBL) off the Philippine coast with over 30% increase in its seasonal south‐north migration amplitude. Numerical simulations using a 1.5‐layer nonlinear reduced‐gravity ocean model show that the projected changes of the upper ocean circulation are predominantly determined by the robust weakening of the north‐easterly trade winds and the associated wind stress curl under the El Niño‐like warming pattern. The changes in the wind forcing and intensified upper ocean stratification are found equally important in amplifying the seasonal migration of the NBL.
Further refinements to the spatiotemporal forecast model for L‐band scintillation based on comparison with C/NOFS observations
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Sridharan R. , Sunda Surendra , Pant Tarun K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe model‐generated spatiotemporal maps to forecast the occurrence pattern of plasma density irregularities in the nightside equatorial F region that are responsible for the L‐band scintillations have been put to test, in both space and time, by comparing it with actual observations by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite. The forecast model is based on (i) the temporal variations of the density perturbations during daytime in the Nmax region and (ii) the a priori knowledge of zonal velocity of the perturbations in the postsunset hours. The present study not only substantiates the hypothesis used for the generation of the scintillation forecast but also suggests that the equatorial plasma bubbles remain tied‐up with the initial perturbations which trigger the primary Rayleigh‐Taylor instability. The outcome highlights the need to take into account the altitudinal profile of the topside F region electron density as it could modify the zonal extent of the plasma bubbles that support the generation of the density irregularities and the consequent L‐band scintillations. The present study takes us one more step closer toward the realization of an operational forecast system for satellite‐based navigation.
Occurrence and average behavior of pulsating aurora
Authors: Partamies N. , Whiter D. , Kadokura A. , Kauristie K. , Nesse Tyssøy H. , Massetti S. , Stauning P. , Raita T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMotivated by recent event studies and modeling efforts on pulsating aurora, which conclude that the precipitation energy during these events is high enough to cause significant chemical changes in the mesosphere, this study looks for the bulk behavior of auroral pulsations. Based on about 400 pulsating aurora events, we outline the typical duration, geomagnetic conditions, and change in the peak emission height for the events. We show that the auroral peak emission height for both green and blue emission decreases by about 8 km at the start of the pulsating aurora interval. This brings the hardest 10% of the electrons down to about 90 km altitude. The median duration of pulsating aurora is about 1.4 h. This value is a conservative estimate since in many cases the end of event is limited by the end of auroral imaging for the night or the aurora drifting out of the camera field of view. The longest durations of auroral pulsations are observed during events which start within the substorm recovery phases. As a result, the geomagnetic indices are not able to describe pulsating aurora. Simultaneous Antarctic auroral images were found for 10 pulsating aurora events. In eight cases auroral pulsations were seen in the southern hemispheric data as well, suggesting an equatorial precipitation source and a frequent interhemispheric occurrence. The long lifetimes of pulsating aurora, their interhemispheric occurrence, and the relatively high‐precipitation energies make this type of aurora an effective energy deposition process which is easy to identify from the ground‐based image data.
Energy‐banded ions in Saturn's magnetosphere
Authors: Thomsen M. F. , Badman S. V. , Jackman C. M. , Jia X. , Kivelson M. G. , Kurth W. S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing data from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer ion mass spectrometer, we report the first observation of energy‐banded ions at Saturn. Observed near midnight at relatively high magnetic latitudes, the banded ions are dominantly H+, and they occupy the range of energies typically associated with the thermal pickup distribution in the inner magnetosphere (L < 10), but their energies decline monotonically with increasing radial distance (or time or decreasing latitude). Their pitch angle distribution suggests a source at low (or slightly southern) latitudes. The band energies, including their pitch angle dependence, are consistent with a bounce‐resonant interaction between thermal H+ ions and the standing wave structure of a field line resonance. There is additional evidence in the pitch angle dependence of the band energies that the particles in each band may have a common time of flight from their most recent interaction with the wave, which may have been at slightly southern latitudes. Thus, while the particles are basically bounce resonant, their energization may be dominated by their most recent encounter with the standing wave.