bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CellShape: A user‐friendly image analysis tool for quantitative visualization of bacterial cell factories inside
Authors: Goñi‐Moreno Ángel , Kim Juhyun , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVisualization of the intracellular constituents of individual bacteria while performing as live biocatalysts is in principle doable through more or less sophisticated fluorescence microscopy. Unfortunately, rigorous quantitation of the wealth of data embodied in the resulting images requires bioinformatic tools that are not widely extended within the community‐let alone that they are often subject to licensing that impedes software reuse. In this context we have developed CellShape, a user‐friendly platform for image analysis with subpixel precision and double‐threshold segmentation system for quantification of fluorescent signals stemming from single‐cells. CellShape is entirely coded in Python, a free, open‐source programming language with widespread community support. For a developer, CellShape enhances extensibility (ease of software improvements) by acting as an interface to access and use existing Python modules; for an end‐user, CellShape presents standalone executable files ready to open without installation. We have adopted this platform to analyse with an unprecedented detail the tridimensional distribution of the constituents of the gene expression flow (DNA, RNA polymerase, mRNA and ribosomal proteins) in individual cells of the industrial platform strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440. While the CellShape first release version (v0.8) is readily operational, users and/or developers are enabled to expand the platform further.
Biological Activities of Triterpenoids and Phenolic Compounds from Myrica cerifera Bark
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yamada Satoshi , Ogihara Eri , Kurita Masahiro , Banno Norihiro , Qu Wei , Feng Feng , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: August 2016

Seven triterpenoids, 1 – 7, two diarylheptanoids, 8 and 9, four phenolic compounds, 10 – 13, and three other compounds, 14 – 16, were isolated from the hexane and MeOH extracts of the bark of Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae). Among these compounds, betulin (1), ursolic acid (3), and myricanol (8) exhibited cytotoxic activities against HL60 (leukemia), A549 (lung), and SK‐BR‐3 (breast) human cancer cell lines (IC50 3.1 – 24.2 μm). Compound 8 induced apoptotic cell death in HL60 cells (IC50 5.3 μm) upon evaluation of the apoptosis‐inducing activity by flow cytometric analysis and by Hoechst 33342 staining method. Western blot analysis on HL60 cells revealed that 8 activated caspases‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 suggesting that 8 induced apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in HL60. Upon evaluation of the melanogenesis‐inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), erythrodiol (7), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxyphenyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (13), and butyl quinate (15) exhibited inhibitory effects (65.4 – 86.0% melanin content) with no, or almost no, toxicity to the cells (85.9 – 107.4% cell viability) at 100 μm concentration. In addition, 8, myricanone (9), myricitrin (10), protocatechuic acid (11), and gallic acid (12) revealed potent DPPH radical‐scavenging activities (IC50 6.9 – 20.5 μm).
Ordered Mesoporous Materials as Supports for Stable Iron Catalysts in the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis of Lower Olefins
Authors: Oschatz Martin , Lamme Wouter S. , Xie Jingxiu , Dugulan A. Iulian , de Jong Krijn P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Fe‐catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch to olefins (FTO) synthesis is a non‐oil‐based route for the production of C2–C4 olefins. The understanding of the interplay between the catalytically active species, promoters, and support materials has improved over the last years, but the nanostructures of the various supports used are often not comparable. Several ordered mesoporous materials with a comparable pore size and pore symmetry are used as model supports for Fe‐based FTO catalysts. Ammonium iron citrate is used as the Fe source for all supports, and Na and S are added as promoters. The formation of catalytically active iron carbide species is suppressed within the strongly interacting mesoporous silica support, but the weakly interacting carbon and silicon carbide supports yield highly active FTO catalysts. Carbon‐supported catalysts show a high selectivity towards lower olefins, low methane production, and stable operation for up to 140 h under industrially relevant FTO conditions.
Lewis Acids as Activators in CBS‐Catalysed Diels–Alder Reactions: Distortion Induced Lewis Acidity Enhancement of SnCl4
Authors: Nödling Alexander R. , Möckel Robert , Tonner Ralf , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe effect of several Lewis acids on the CBS catalyst (named after Corey, Bakshi and Shibata) was investigated in this study. While 2H NMR spectroscopic measurements served as gauge for the activation capability of the Lewis acids, in situ FT‐IR spectroscopy was employed to assess the catalytic activity of the Lewis acid oxazaborolidine complexes. A correlation was found between the Δδ(2H) values and rate constants kDA, which indicates a direct translation of Lewis acidity into reactivity of the Lewis acid–CBS complexes. Unexpectedly, a significant deviation was found for SnCl4 as Lewis acid. The SnCl4–CBS adduct was much more reactive than the Δδ(2H) values predicted and gave similar reaction rates to those observed for the prominent AlBr3–CBS adduct. To rationalize these results, quantum mechanical calculations were performed. The frontier molecular orbital approach was applied and a good correlation between the LUMO energies of the Lewis acid–CBS–naphthoquinone adducts and kDA could be found. For the SnCl4–CBS–naphthoquinone adduct an unusual distortion was observed leading to an enhanced Lewis acidity. Energy decomposition analysis with natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA‐NOCV) calculations revealed the relevant interactions and activation mode of SnCl4 as Lewis acid in Diels–Alder reactions.
CO2 Reduction to CO in Water: Carbon Nanotube–Gold Nanohybrid as a Selective and Efficient Electrocatalyst
Authors: Huan Tran Ngoc , Prakash Praveen , Simon Philippe , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Xu X. , Artero Vincent , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , Fontecave Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA gold‐based nanostructure has been demonstrated as promising materials for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to CO in aqueous conditions. In this work, we present a carbon nanotube–gold nanohybrid as a selective and efficient electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 in 0.5 m NaHCO3. The hybrid material exhibits remarkable activity with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at −0.55 V versus standard hydrogen electrode with a stable CO production rate (0.52 μmol s−1) after 4 h electrolysis. Monodispersed gold nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanotubes through a layer‐by‐layer method allows very little Au loading and thus minimization of the cost of electrode fabrication with a mass activity up to 100 A g−1 at −0.55 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. It is 33 times higher than a previous report for monodisperse Au nanoparticles (3 A g−1) while ensuring selectivity (70 % faradaic yield of CO) at comparable reduction potential.
Both morph‐ and species‐dependent asymmetries affect reproductive barriers between heterostylous species
Authors: Keller Barbara , de Vos Jurriaan M. , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. , Thomson James D. , Conti Elena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe interaction between floral traits and reproductive isolation is crucial to explaining the extraordinary diversity of angiosperms. Heterostyly, a complex floral polymorphism that optimizes outcrossing, evolved repeatedly and has been shown to accelerate diversification in primroses, yet its potential influence on isolating mechanisms remains unexplored. Furthermore, the relative contribution of pre‐ versus postmating barriers to reproductive isolation is still debated. No experimental study has yet evaluated the possible effects of heterostyly on pre‐ and postmating reproductive mechanisms. We quantify multiple reproductive barriers between the heterostylousPrimula elatior(oxlip) andP. vulgaris(primrose), which readily hybridize when co‐occurring, and test whether traits of heterostyly contribute to reproductive barriers in unique ways. We find that premating isolation is key for both species, while postmating isolation is considerable only forP. vulgaris; ecogeographic isolation is crucial for both species, while phenological, seed developmental, and hybrid sterility barriers are also important inP. vulgaris, implicating sympatrically higher gene flow intoP. elatior. We document for the first time that, in addition to the aforementioned species‐dependent asymmetries, morph‐dependent asymmetries affect reproductive barriers between heterostylous species. Indeed, the interspecific decrease of reciprocity between high sexual organs of complementary floral morphs limits interspecific pollen transfer from anthers of short‐styled flowers to stigmas of long‐styled flowers, while higher reciprocity between low sexual organs favors introgression over isolation from anthers of long‐styled flowers to stigmas of short‐styled flowers. Finally, intramorph incompatibility persists across species boundaries, but is weakened in long‐styled flowers ofP. elatior, opening a possible backdoor to gene flow through intramorph pollen transfer between species. Therefore, patterns of gene flow across species boundaries are likely affected by floral morph composition of adjacent populations. To summarize, our study highlights the general importance of premating isolation and newly illustrates that both morph‐ and species‐dependent asymmetries shape boundaries between heterostylous species.
Factors influencing IUCN threat levels to orchids across Europe on the basis of national red lists
Authors: Kull Tiiu , Selgis Ulvi , Peciña Miguel Villoslada , Metsare Mirjam , Ilves Aigi , Tali Kadri , Sepp Kalev , Kull Kalevi , Shefferson Richard P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe red list has become a ubiquitous tool in the conservation of species. We analyzed contemporary trends in the threat levels of European orchids, in total 166 species characterized in 27 national red lists, in relation to their reproductive biology and growth form, distribution area, and land cover where they occur. We found that species in central Europe are more threatened than those in the northern, southern, or Atlantic parts of Europe, while species were least threatened in southern Europe. Nectarless and tuberous species are significantly more threatened than nectariferous and rhizomatous taxa. Land cover (ratios of artificial land cover, area of pastures and grasslands, forests and inland wetlands) also significantly impacted the threat level. A bigger share of artificial land cover increases threat, and a bigger share of pasture and grassland lowers it. Unexpectedly, a bigger share of inland wetland area in a country increased threat level, which we believe may be due to the threatened nature of wetlands themselves relative to other natural land cover types. Finally, species occurring in multiple countries are on average less threatened. We believe that large‐scale analysis of current IUCN national red lists as based on their specific categories and criteria may particularly inform the development of coordinated regional or larger‐scale management strategies. In this case, we advocate for a coordinated EU protection and restoration strategy particularly aimed at central European orchids and those occurring in wetland area.
Large‐scale dark diversity estimates: new perspectives with combined methods
Authors: Ronk Argo , de Bello Francesco , Fibich Pavel , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLarge‐scale biodiversity studies can be more informative if observed diversity in a study site is accompanied by dark diversity, the set of absent although ecologically suitable species. Dark diversity methodology is still being developed and a comparison of different approaches is needed. We used plant data at two different scales (European and seven large regions) and compared dark diversity estimates from two mathematical methods: species co‐occurrence (SCO) and species distribution modeling (SDM). We used plant distribution data from the Atlas Florae Europaeae (50 × 50 km grid cells) and seven different European regions (10 × 10 km grid cells). Dark diversity was estimated by SCO and SDM for both datasets. We examined the relationship between the dark diversity sizes (type II regression) and the overlap in species composition (overlap coefficient). We tested the overlap probability according to the hypergeometric distribution. We combined the estimates of the two methods to determine consensus dark diversity and composite dark diversity. We tested whether dark diversity and completeness of site diversity (log ratio of observed and dark diversity) are related to various natural and anthropogenic factors differently than simple observed diversity. Both methods provided similar dark diversity sizes and distribution patterns; dark diversity is greater in southern Europe. The regression line, however, deviated from a 1:1 relationship. The species composition overlap of two methods was about 75%, which is much greater than expected by chance. Both consensus and composite dark diversity estimates showed similar distribution patterns. Both dark diversity and completeness measures exhibit relationships to natural and anthropogenic factors different than those exhibited by observed richness. In summary, dark diversity revealed new biodiversity patterns which were not evident when only observed diversity was examined. A new perspective in dark diversity studies can incorporate a combination of methods.
The Indignados as a Socio‐Environmental Movement: Framing the Crisis and Democracy
Authors: Asara Viviana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study analyses the framing processes of the Indignados movement in Barcelona, as an exemplar of the latest wave of protests, and argues that it expresses a new ecological–economic way out of the crisis. It finds that the movement was not just a reaction to the economic crisis and austerity policies, but that it put forward a metapolitical critique of the social imaginary and (neo)liberal representative democracy. The diagnostic frames of the movement denunciate the subjugation of politics and justice to economics, and reject the logic of economism. The prognostic frames of the movement advance a vision of socio‐ecological sustainability and of ‘real democracy’, each articulated differently by a ‘pragmatist’ and an ‘autonomist’ faction within the movement. It argues that frames are overarching outer boundaries that accommodate different ideologies. Ideologies can nevertheless also be put into question by antagonizing frames. Furthermore, through the lens of the Indignados critique, the distinction between materialist and post‐materialist values that characterizes the New Social Movement literature is criticized, as ‘real democracy’ is connected to social and environmental justice as well as to a critique of economism and the ‘imperial mode of living’. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Gold Rush: The popularity of theGoldTier in Leed Certification
Authors: Sandoval Pavel , Prakash Aseem 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification is the most prominent voluntary environmental program for built environments. It has four tiers:Platinum,Gold,SilverandCertified. As of 2015, in the United States, 14% of certified buildings are in theCertifiedtier, 33% in theSilvertier, 45% in theGoldtier and 8% in thePlatinumtier. Why is theGoldtier the most popular although it is neither the least expensive option nor the most environmentally friendly one? To investigate this subject, we conducted interviews with owners of 144 properties across 27 US states and Washington, DC. We find that program design, specifically requirements/points for certifying to a specific tier, influences benefits–costs for certifying to different tiers. Other factors driving tier choice include the region in which the property is located, prior experience of the builder/owner with a particular LEED tier, the availability of subcontractors and the norms for leasing time frames. Finally, the nomenclature of different LEED tiers also shapes the value perception. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Biodiversity Governance from a Cross‐Level and Cross‐Scale Perspective: The case of the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Faria Claudia , Magrini Alessandra 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiodiversity has gained international relevance with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). An important signatory of the agreement, Brazil is a megadiverse country with vast biomes. Internally, the Brazilian federative organization is characterized by discrepancies between the jurisdictional scale and natural boundaries. From a governance perspective, this article analyzes how political administrative bodies deal with biome subsets, using the Atlantic Forest biome as reference. The problem was researched through the dynamics between scales and levels, considering the action of governmental and non‐governmental actors in the process, in the context of an adaptive approach. To overcome the mismatches between the federative structure and the biome, we present the ‘governance of scales’ model, which proposes articulation between the spatial scale and jurisdictional scale, through the institutional and management scales. Previous experiences of the Brazilian government in harmonizing watersheds and the coastal region with federalism enhance the feasibility of our biome‐level proposal. The model is a useful contribution to biodiversity governance in favor of novel arrangements to improve the fit between social and ecological systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Mean First‐Passage Times in Biology
Authors: Polizzi Nicholas F. , Therien Michael J. , Beratan David N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany biochemical processes, such as charge hopping or protein folding, can be described by an average timescale to reach a final state, starting from an initial state. Here, we provide a pedagogical treatment of the mean first‐passage time (MFPT) of a physical process, which depends on the number of intervening states between the initial state and the target state. Our aim in this tutorial review is to provide a clear development of the mean first‐passage time formalism and to show some of its practical utility. The MFPT treatment can provide a useful link between microscopic rates and the average timescales often probed by experiment.
A wide‐necked extracranial internal carotid artery saccular aneurysm with ipsilateral proximal compression
Authors: Jin ChunXiang , Hu ZhenZhen , He Yu 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTExtracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms (EICAA) are rare and can elicit various neurologic symptoms. Here, we present a case of a saccular EICAA compressing its proximal parent internal carotid artery (ICA). Ultrasonography demonstrated the proximal ICA stenosis and the “tardus‐parvus” Doppler waveform downstream. The patient underwent aneurysmectomy and graft interposition. The histologic analysis highly supported an atypical fibromuscular dysplasia. Although this patient only showed a neck mass, the reduced ipsilateral cerebral blood supply was a potential cause for neurologic symptoms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:116–120, 2017;
High‐flow‐mediated constriction in adults is not influenced by biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk
Authors: Ostrem Joseph D. , Evanoff Nicholas G. , Ryder Justin R. , Steinberger Julia , Sinaiko Alan R. , Bisch Katie L. , Brinck Niklas M. , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeDuring reactive hyperemia, the brachial artery in some individuals constricts prior to dilation. Our aim was to describe the frequency of high‐flow‐mediated constriction (H‐FMC) in adults, and its relationship to body composition and biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐six adults (124 male, 122 female; 36 ± 7 years old) were assessed for H‐FMC via sonographic imaging of the brachial artery. Blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipids, and body composition assessed via dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry were collected. H‐FMC was characterized as a 10‐second average of maximal postocclusion constriction. Independent t test was used to compare H‐FMC versus non‐H‐FMC individuals.ResultsH‐FMC was observed in approximately 69% of adult participants (54 obese, 57 overweight, and 59 normal weight). Total body mass (82.3 ± 17.5 versus 76.3 ± 16.3 kg, p = 0.012), fat mass (27.7 ± 11.5 versus 23.8 ± 10.5 kg, p = 0.012), body mass index (27.7 ± 4.9 versus 26.1 ± 5.0 kg/m2, p = 0.018), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (2.41 ± 1.03 versus 2.09 ± 0.72, p = 0.007) were higher in H‐FMC than in non‐H‐FMC individuals. Flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) (6.12 ± 3.48 versus 8.09 ± 3.02%, p < 0.001) was lower in H‐FMC subjects. However, there was no difference in brachial artery dilation between groups (7.57 ± 3.69 versus 8.09 ± 3.02%, p = 0.250) when H‐FMC was added to FMD.ConclusionsIncreased body mass, fat mass, and body mass index were associated with a greater H‐FMC. When H‐FMC was present, the FMD response to reactive hyperemia was significantly lower. Because H‐FMC has been observed to negatively affect FMD response to reactive hyperemia, we suggest that H‐FMC should be noted when analyzing and interpreting FMD data. H‐FMC may be an ancillary measure of endothelial health. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:35–42, 2017
Happiness and Human Development: A Capability Perspective
Authors: Hirai Tadashi , Comim Flavio , Ikemoto Yukio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSubjective information about people's quality of life has always received bad press in the human development paradigm and the capability approach, despite their influence in the promotion of human‐centred policies. But, there are arguments put forward by their founders, Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, that subjective information, or happiness, can play several important roles in thinking about human development policies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine how happiness can be part of human development and capability strategies. For this aim, Sen and Nussbaum's views on happiness will be reviewed and compared to understand the value of subjective information in their work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water‐Soluble Metallocene‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Alkan Arda , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: August 2016

Metallocenes are organometallic compounds with reversible redox profiles and tunable oxidation and reduction potentials, depending on the metal and substituents at the cyclopentadienyl rings. Metallocenes have been introduced in macromolecules to combine the redox‐activity with polymer properties. There are many examples of such hydrophobic polymer materials, but much fewer water‐soluble examples are found scattered across the polymer literature. However, in terms of drug delivery and other biological applications, water solubility is essential. For this very reason, all the synthetic routes to water‐soluble metallocene containing polymers are collected and discussed here. The focus is on neutral ferrocene‐ and ruthenocene‐containing and charged cobaltocenium‐containing macromolecules (i.e., symmetrical sandwich complexes). The synthetic protocols, self‐assembly behavior, and other benefits of the obtained materials are discussed.
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