bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Definite Evidence for Human Endogenous Retroviral HERV-W and HERV-H RNAS in Plasma of Latvian Patients Suffering from Multiple Sclerosis and Other Neurological Diseases / Nav Apstiprinošu Pierādījumu Par Endogēno Retrovīrusu HERV-W Un HERV-H Rns Sastopamību Latvijas Pacientu Ar Multiplo Sklerozi Un Citām NeiroloĢiskām Slimībām Asins Plazmā
Authors: Užameckis Dmitrijs , Čapenko Svetlana , Logina Ināra , Murovska Modra , Blomberg Jonas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease of unknown aetiology. Several research groups reported an increased level of human endogenous retroviruses HERV-W and HERV-H RNAs in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and supernatants of cell cultures from MS individuals. To quantify the abundance of extracellular virion-associated HERV, RNAs in blood, plasma samples from Latvian MS patients, patients with other neurological diseases (OND), as well as blood donors (BD), were retrospectively studied by using both our previously published and newly developed quantitative Real-time reverse transcription PCR assays (QPCRs) targeting different polymerase (pol) gene regions of HERV-W and HERV-H. Unspecific signals due to incomplete removal of DNA were monitored by running the assays with and without reverse transcription (RT±) in parallel. According to our score, a few MS, OND and healthy controls gave borderline signals simultaneously with both newly developed HERV-H and HERV-W QPCRs, but the rest were negative. All borderline positive samples also had small amounts of non-retroviral cellular mRNA with possible origin from cell-free circulating RNA fragments, apoptotic bodies or exosomes, which can mimic the previously described virus-like particles. The results do not confirm the previous reports on prevalence of HERV-H or -W virion-associated RNA in plasma of MS patients.
Influence of Sampling Season and Sampling Protocol on Detection of Legionella Pneumophila Contamination in Hot Water / Paraugu Ņemšanas Sezonalitātes Un Paraugu Ņemšanas Metodes Ietekme Uz Legionella Pneumophila Kontaminācijas Noteikšanu Karstajš Ūdenī
Authors: Pūle Daina , Valciņa Olga , Bērziņš Aivars , Vīksna Ludmila , Krūmiņa Angelika 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an environmental pathogen of engineered water systems that can cause different forms of legionellosis - from mild fever to potentially lethal pneumonia. Low concentrations of legionellae in natural habitats can increase markedly in engineered hot water systems where water temperatures are below 55 °C. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the influence of sampling season, hot water temperature and sampling protocol on occurrence of L. pneumophila. A total of 120 hot water samples from 20 apartment buildings were collected in two sampling periods - winter 2014 (n = 60) and summer 2015 (n = 60). Significantly higher occurrence of L. pneumophila was observed in summer 2015. Significant differences in temperature for negative and positive samples were not observed, which can be explained by low water temperatures at the point of water consumption. Temperature above 55 °C was observed only once, for all other sampling events it ranged from 14 °C to 53 °C.
Microbiological Quality of Ready-To-Eat Products and Potential Risks for Consumers in Latvia / Ēšanai Gatavu Produktu Mikrobioloģiskā Kvalitāte Un Iespējamais Risks Patērētājiem Latvijā
Authors: Ciekure Elīna , Siksna Inese , Valciņa Olga , Vīksna Ludmila , Krūmiņa Angelika 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are challenging for food business operators as they need to remain qualitative and safe for consumers. However, consumers tend to choose them more and more often because of fast and easy handling. The highest risk from RTE foods is microbiological contamination, particularly for vulnerable groups like children, elderly, and pregnant women. The aim of the research was to assess the microbiological quality of RTE meat and fish products to highlight possible risks for consumers. A total of 15 984 analyses performed on RTE meat and fish products were included in this study. It was found that RTE meat and fish product samples representative of the market in Latvia in the period 2012-2015 had high microbiological quality and only in rare cases was contamination with hygiene indicatororganisms (coliforms and Escherichia coli) and pathogens (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and sulphite-reducing clostridia) detected. However, it is important to pay attention to customer habits of cooking and preparing RTE foods as well - thermal processing for products intended to be used cooked, use before expiration date and adequate storage rules for products, as these have important regarding microbiological risks for health.
Complexation of Bi3+, Ac3+, Y3+, Lu3+, La3+and Eu3+with benzo-diaza-crown ether with carboxylic pendant arms
Authors: Egorova Bayirta V. , Oshchepkov Maxim S. , Fedorov Yury V. , Fedorova Olga A. , Budylin Gleb S. , Shirshin Evgeny A. , Kalmykov Stepan N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPolyaminopolycarboxylates are attractive ligands for binding cationic radionuclides for synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals with target delivery to tumor cells. Nowadays beta emitting Y−90 and Lu−177 are used as therapeutic agents, while Ac−225 and Bi−213 are considered as perspective for alpha therapy. In the present study new data on complexation of Y3+, Lu3+, Ac3+and Bi3+with 2,2’-(15-formyl-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydrobenzo [b][1,4,10,7,13]trioxadiazacyclopentadecine-4,10- diyl)diacetic acid are presented. For ligand and complexes characterization potentiometric titration, solvent extraction, chromatography and solubility techniques were applied. The highest values of stability constants within the range of logK= 5.8 – 7.5 were found for Ac3+and REE. Fast complex formation is established which is beneficial for practical applications in radiopharmaceutical synthesis.
The role of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring followed by facial nerve stimulation during parotidectomy
Authors: Pasu Georgiana 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) has begun to be studied in detail by surgeons around the world since several decades ago from the need to verify functional integrity of the neural elements. Parotid gland surgery requires a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of this region by ENT surgeons. Also, the surgeons performing parotid surgery need to have important strategies of management which include: handiness to identify facial nerve, dissection nerve branches and application of neuromonitoring in order to preserve nerve functions.
OBJECTIVE. This study has analysed the usefulness of intraoperative continuous monitoring in superficial or in total parotidectomy. It identifies the facial nerve and reduces the risk of postoperative facial palsy. We have been using intraoperative continuous monitoring - evoked facial nerve electromyograms (EMG).
MATERIAL AND METHODS. Continuous intraoperative facial nerve monitoring was prospectively achieved in the case of three patients diagnosed with benign tumors, on which parotidectomy with the preservation of the nerve was carried out in order to highlight the value and efficacy of this method.
RESULTS. In our country, continuous intraoperative facial nerve monitoring performance is still not a common practice in ENT Departments. It revealed postoperatively that the incidence of temporary or permanent facial palsy was 0% and the minimal stimulation was obtained at levels equal to 0,5 mA, which implies integral functioning of the facial nerve.
CONCLUSION. In parotid surgery, facial nerve IONM represents the gold standard in recognition of real-time electrophysiological signals, electromyography waves and auditory signals to enable the correct approach wherever possible, avoiding extensive nerve damage. It is known the importance of continuous IONM in postoperative prognosis of the neural function and intraoperative decision making regarding the technical surgery.
What is new in tympanoplasty?
Authors: Sandu Oana Alexandra , Sarafoleanu Codrut 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Medicine is in an era of technical development and innovation. Creating a tympanic membrane by using a 3D printer can exceed the disadvantages that classic graft materials have. The field of otolaryngology can be experiencing a paradigm shift towards the use of 3D-printer.
Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland
Authors: Karczmarczyk Agnieszka 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland. Improperly maintained holding tanks are often underestimated source of contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water. As a rule, wastewater stored in holding tanks, should be transported and treated in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). There are 2,257,000 holding tanks in Poland, located mainly in rural areas. The article presents the results of analysis of wastewater management in 20 rural and urban-rural communes, which were chosen at random from the total number of 2,174 communes in Poland. The only criterion of commune selection was total or partial lack of sewerage system. Analysis of the collected data showed that on average only 27% of liquid waste from holding tanks ended at the WWTPs. The median is even lower and amounts to 17.5%. More than 4,000 Mg of P and 26,000 Mg of N is dispersed in the environment in uncontrolled manner. Those diffuse point sources of pollution may be one of the reasons in the difficulty of achieving of good ecological status of rivers and affect the quality of the Baltic Sea.
Evaluation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Associated Proteome at Baseline and Following Nicotine Exposure in Human and Mouse Cortex
Authors: McClure-Begley Tristan D. , Esterlis Irina , Stone Kathryn L. , Lam TuKiet T. , Grady Sharon R. , Colangelo Christopher M. , Lindstrom Jon M. , Marks Michael J. , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) support the initiation and maintenance of smoking, but the long-term changes occurring in the protein complex as a result of smoking and the nicotine in tobacco are not known. Human studies and animal models have also demonstrated that increasing cholinergic tone increases behaviors related to depression, suggesting that the nAChR-associated proteome could be altered in individuals with mood disorders. We therefore immunopurified nAChRs and associated proteins for quantitative proteomic assessment of changes in protein–protein interactions of high-affinity nAChRs containing the β2 subunit (β2*-nAChRs) from either cortex of mice treated with saline or nicotine, or postmortem human temporal cortex tissue from tobacco-exposed and nonexposed individuals, with a further comparison of diagnosed mood disorder to control subjects. We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the β2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3ζ). These findings identify candidate-signaling proteins that could mediate changes in cholinergic signaling via nicotine or tobacco use. Further analysis of identified proteins will determine whether these interactions are essential for primary function of nAChRs at presynaptic terminals. The identification of differences in the nAChR-associated proteome and downstream signaling in subjects with various mood disorders may also identify novel etiological mechanisms and reveal new treatment targets.
Checklist of Recent Cylindriscala (Caenogastropoda: Epitoniidae) of the world
Authors: Lima Silvio Felipe Barbosa , Christoffersen Martin Lindsey 
Published: August 2016

A checklist of deep water gastropods belonging to the genus Cylindriscala is presented based mainly on data from the literature. We list a total of 21 species and include information on the geographic and bathymetric distribution of each taxon. The generic position of eight species previously included in this genus is questioned and requires a review.
First record of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a new predatory species introduction in the middle and lower Doce River basin
Authors: Belei Frederico , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana , Millani Thiago José , Trazzi Alessandro , Dergam Jorge Abdala 
Published: August 2016

This is the first report of the occurrence of P. piraya in the Doce River. The introduction of this species adversely affects the fish community, mainly through competition and predation of native species.
PENGGUNAAN METODE INDEX CARD MATCH PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS POKOK BAHASAN MENGENAL SEJARAH UANG
Authors: Sumayana Yena 
Published: August 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dengan menggunakan Metode Index Card Match. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) atau classroom action research yang berbentuk siklus berulang. Subyek penelitian yaitu siswa MI Negeri 1 Kota Bandung kelas III. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan pada tiap siklusnya, persentase aktivitas siswa paling tinggi terdapat pada siklus III yaitu 90,3%. Sedangkan aktivitas guru selama proses pembelajaran juga sudah baik dengan persentase aktivitas guru paling tinggi terdapat pada siklus III yaitu 94,1%. Selain itu hasil belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklusnya, yaitu pada siklus I nilai rata-rata 46,51%, pada siklus II yaitu 63,48%, dan siklus III 78,48%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Metode Index card Match dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Surveillance of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Anthropometric Variables among Four International Cricket Teams Competed in ACC Premier League Malaysia 2014
Authors: Mondam Srinivas , Shaik Rahul , Prakash Jalaja , Fook Jeffrey Low , Nekkanti Sirisha 
Published: August 2016

<strong>Background and Purpose:</strong> Chronic musculoskeletal injuries are more common in cricket players. Acute problems may be due to trauma or injuries during sporting. The musculoskeletal system includes muscles, joints, bones, cartilage, ligaments, fascia, nerves and other associated soft tissues. Whatever the mode of injury, it causes pain, movement restriction, muscle weakness, and ultimately loss of functions. Anthropometric variables of each player in cricket will also influence the occurrence of problems. The current study focused on identifying the most common site involved in musculoskeletal problems and to explore possible variations in anthropometric characteristics. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This study was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia where Asian Cricket Council Premier League 2014 was conducted. Permission to approach the players was taken from the council members and all the players were assured that the information collected from them will be kept confidential and all were explained about the objective study. Modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was distributed to the players and instructions were given about how to fill the questionnaire. Their anthropometric characteristics, experience and time of training sessions were collected by a blinded assessor. <strong>Results:</strong> Player's height (p = 0.003), weight (p = 0.050), experience (p = 0.001) and practicing hours per week (0.002) were analyzed. There is a statistically significant difference in these characteristics was observed. Occurrence of acute troubles (within 7 days) of upper back and elbow region were found different in four teams with a P value of 0.007 and 0.022 respectively. Persistence of neck, shoulder and lower back troubles in the last one year has a significant difference between the groups with a P value of 0.014, 0.003 and 0.021 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study can conclude that the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries is more in cricket. Especially shoulder, neck, lower limbs and lower back. The incidence of acute problems is more in elbow and upper back regions. This may be acute injuries but not due to chronic over use. The anthropometric variations between groups participated in ACC premier league, Malaysia 2014 was also significantly differing from each other.
AGENCIA INDÍGENA Y COLONIALISMO: UNA ARQUEOLOGÍA DE CONTACTO SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ACEITE DE TORTUGA EN EL ORINOCO MEDIO, VENEZUELA (SIGLOS XVIII Y XIX)
Authors: Meza Elis , Ferreira Lúcio Menezes 
Published: August 2016

Las prácticas asociadas a la explotación de la tortuga arrau (Podocnemis expansa) en el Orinoco Medio nos sirven para analizar las continuidades y transformaciones que tuvieron lugar durante los períodos colonial y republicano. Nuestra intención es entender, en el marco de la arqueología de contacto cultural, dos cuestiones principales: las formas de control colonial sobre las playas de tortugas por parte de las misiones jesuitas y posteriormente por los criollos; y, sobre todo, la agencia ejercida por los grupos indígenas en estos dos contextos. Las técnicas productivas, las relaciones sociales en los asentamientos provisorios, el consumo y lacultura material fueron esferas en las que existió un predominio indígena, demostrando que los efectos del colonialismo son siempre mediados y constituidos por las lógicas nativas.Palabras clave: Orinoco, aceite de tortugas, colonialismo, agencia.
Effect of Urban Wastewater on the Quality of Ground Water in Mysuru City, India
Authors: M R Abhilash , D Shiva Kumar , S Srikantaswamy 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>The </em><em>Mysuru is a unique city and was the capital city of former princely state of Karnataka</em><em>, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation purposes. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in study area, 07 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various Secondary parameters. Including Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as Sodium Absorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Permeability Index, Corrosivity Ratio, Indices of Base exchange, CaCO<sub>3</sub> Saturation Indices, Gibb’s plot of determining the Mechanisms controlling ground water Chemistry, Handa’s Classifications, USSL Clasifications , CaCO<sub>3</sub> Saturation Indices and Stuyzfzand’s were determined and the indices were calculated. Based on the analytical results, groundwater in the area is generally fresh and hard to very hard. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: HCO<sub>3</sub> &gt; SO<sub>4</sub> &gt; Cl and Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Na &gt; K. The dominant hydrochemical facieses of groundwater is Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> and Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub> type. The results of calculation saturation index by basic computer program HYCY shows that the nearly all of the water samples were saturated to under saturated with respect to carbonate minerals and under saturated with respect to sulfate minerals. Assessment of water samples from various methods indicated that groundwater in study area is chemically not suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. </em></p></div>
Effectiveness of Metacognitive Strategies through Reading Comprehension of Tertiary Level Leaner’s of English
Authors: Diravidamani S. 
Published: August 2016

<p><em>Reading is the basic foundation on which academic skills of an individual are built. Reading is a fundamental skill to acquire information. To enhance reading ability effectively, it is quite signification to understand the reading process. Reading is an individual process that takes place inside readers mind in order to monitor, analyze, discuss and modify a classroom learning conditions. Reading is not only between reader and the text; instead reading is a more complex activity that includes different skills. Reading is a constructive process that uses the students Metacognitive strategies to build understanding of the text. Metacognitive strategies are sequential process that one uses to control cognitive activities and ensure a cognitive goal.</em></p><p><em> Flavell (1976) defines Metacognitive as one’s knowledge concerning one’s own cognitive processes. Baird (1990) uses ideas to provide formulation, “ Metacognition refers to the knowledge, awareness and control of one’s own learning”. Metacognitive development is described as a development in one’s Metacognitive abilities i.e. the move to grater knowledge, awareness and control of one’s learning. One of the most vital skills that a person has to acquire in his life is reading. Reading can be seen as an interactive process between a reader and a text. In this reader interacts dynamically with the text to elicit, the meaning and various kinds of knowledge is being used. Readers have to use a flexible repertoire of strategies and cues to comprehend text and to solve problems with unfamiliar structure and vocabulary. </em></p>
A Study of Sustainable Disclosure Practices of Indian Corporates
Authors: Motwani Shilpa S. , Pandya Hemal B. 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>The corporate governing bodies have worked towards governance, socially responsibility over the last couple of decades. They are now emphasising sustainability reporting. The focus has now shifted from financial to the non-financial aspects of reporting. Sustainability reporting also termed as Triple-bottom-line reporting, which means the company has now to report on non financial aspects like environmental, social, governance along with the economic aspect. This is evident by the release of the National voluntary guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic responsibility of business (NVG-SEE) by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India in 2011; followed by SEBI mandating Clause 55 of the listing agreement with stock exchange in India in 2012; making Business responsibility reporting (BRR) compulsory for the top 100 listed companies (by market capitalisation). These non financial aspects have been well incorporated by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI); a non-profit organisation providing sustainability guidance.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>This paper is an attempt to study the comparative analysis of sustainability disclosure practices of Indian companies using GRI based index. The sustainability disclosures have been studies company-wise and Industry-wise. The study concludes that Indian companies have recognized the importance of sustainability reporting and the major companies are reporting on it. However, Indian companies do not give much consideration to their industries characteristics while disclosing information in their sustainability reports.</em></p></div>