bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of underlying processes to improved visuospatial working memory associated with physical activity
Authors: Ji Qingchun , Wang Yingying , Guo Wei , Zhou Chenglin 
Published: June 2017

Background
Working memory is critical for various cognitive processes and can be separated into two stages: short-term memory storage and manipulation processing. Although previous studies have demonstrated that increased physical activity (PA) improves working memory and that males outperform females on visuospatial working memory tasks, few studies have determined the contribution of the two underlying stages to the visuospatial working memory improvement associated with PA. Thus, the aims of the present study were to verify the relationship between physical activity and visuospatial working memory, determine whether one or both stages were affected by PA, and investigate any sex differences.

Methods
A total of 56 undergraduate students were recruited for this study. Their scores on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to separate them into either a lower PA (n = 26; IPAQ score ≤3,000 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week) or higher PA (n = 30; IPAQ score >3,000 MET-min/week) group. Participants were required to complete three tasks: a visuospatial working memory task, a task that examines the short-term memory storage stage, and a mental rotation task that examines the active manipulation stage.

Results
Participants in the higher PA group maintained similar accuracy but displayed significantly faster reaction times (RT) than those in the lower PA group on the visuospatial working memory and manipulation tasks. By contrast, no difference was observed between groups on the short-term memory storage task. In addition, no effects of sex were detected.

Discussion
Our results confirm that PA was positively to visuospatial working memory and that this positive relationship was associated with more rapid cognitive processing during the manipulation stage, with little or no relationship between PA and the memory storage stage of visuospatial working memory.
Borylene: eine aufstrebende Verbindungsklasse
Authors: Soleilhavoup Michele , Bertrand Guy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFreie Borylene (R‐B:) konnten bislang lediglich spektroskopisch in der Gasphase oder in Tieftemperatur‐Matrices charakterisiert werden. In der letzten Zeit gelang es jedoch, einige Mono‐ und Di(Lewis‐Base)‐stabilisierte Borylene zu isolieren. In beiden Verbindungen ist das Boratom durch die formale Oxidationsstufe +I gekennzeichnet, während es sich in klassischen Organoborverbindungen in der Oxidationsstufe +III befindet. Mono(Lewis‐Base)‐stabilisierte Borylene sind isoelektronisch zu Singulett‐Carbenen, und ihre Reaktivität ähnelt teilweise der von Übergangsmetallen, etwa bei der Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle (wie H2) und der Koordination weiterer Liganden. Di(Lewis‐Base)‐Borylen‐Addukte sind isoelektronisch zu Aminen und Phosphanen. Im Unterschied zu Boranen, die als Elektronenakzeptoren fungieren, sind diese Spezies elektronenreich und eignen sich als Liganden für Übergangsmetalle.
Borylenes: An Emerging Class of Compounds
Authors: Soleilhavoup Michele , Bertrand Guy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFree borylenes (R–B:) have only been spectroscopically characterized in the gas phase or in matrices at very low temperatures. However, in recent years, a few mono‐ and bis(Lewis base)‐stabilized borylenes have been isolated. In both of these compounds the boron atom is in the formal oxidation state +I which contrasts with classical organoboron derivatives wherein the element is in the +III oxidation state. Mono(Lewis base)‐stabilized borylenes are isoelectronic with singlet carbenes, and their reactivity mimics to some extent that of transition metals. They can activate small molecules, such as H2, and coordinate an additional ligand; in other words, they are boron metallomimics. Bis(Lewis base)borylene adducts are isoelectronic with amines and phosphines. In contrast to boranes, which act as electron acceptors and thus Lewis acids, they are electron‐rich and act as ligands for transition metals.
Chlorophyll‐Based Organic–Inorganic Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Wenjie , Li Mengzhen , Chen Gang , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Fu Xueqi , Kitao Osamu , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Sakai Kotowa , Ikeuchi Toshitaka , Sasaki Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSolid‐state chlorophyll solar cells (CSCs) employing a carboxylated chlorophyll derivative, methyl trans‐32‐carboxypyropheophorbide a, as a light‐harvesting dye sensitizer chlorophyll (DSC) deposited on mesoporous TiO2, on which four zinc hydroxylated chlorophyll derivatives were spin‐coated for hole transporter chlorophylls (HTCs), are described. Key parameters, including the effective carrier mobility of the HTC films, as determined by the space charge‐limited current method, and the frontier molecular orbitals of these DSCs and HTCs, as estimated from cyclic voltammetry and electronic absorption spectra, suggest that both charge separation and carrier transport are favorable. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the present CSCs with fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/TiO2/DSC/HTCs/Ag were determined to follow the order of HTC‐1>HTC‐2>HTC‐3>HTC‐4, which coincided perfectly with the order of their hole mobilities. The maximum PCE achieved was 0.86 % with HTC‐1. The photovoltaic devices studied herein with two types of chlorophyll derivatives as dye sensitizers and hole transporters provide a unique solution for the utilization of solar energy with a view to truly realizing “green energy”.
Catalytic Oxygenative Allylic Transposition of Alkenes into Enones with an Azaadamantane‐Type Oxoammonium Salt Catalyst
Authors: Nagasawa Shota , Sasano Yusuke , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe first catalytic oxygenative allylic transposition of unactivated alkenes into enones has been developed using an oxoammonium salt as the catalyst. This reaction converts various tri‐ and trans‐disubstituted alkenes into their corresponding enones with transposition of their double bonds at ambient temperature in good yields. The use of a less‐hindered azaadamantane‐type oxoammonium salt as the catalyst and a combination of two distinct stoichiometric oxidants, namely, iodobenzene diacetate and magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate (MMPP⋅6 H2O) are essential to facilitate the enone formation efficiently.
Na+ Ions Induce the Pirouetting Motion and Catalytic Activity of [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Lee Yong‐Jay , Liu Kuang‐Shun , Lai Chien‐Chen , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Cheng Richard P. , Chiu Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe have prepared [2]rotaxanes, the behavior of which as switchable catalysts depends on their pirouetting motion, which can be controlled through the addition and removal of Na+ ions. At least three sequential on/off cycles of a Michael reaction can be performed in situ when using the NaTFPB/[2.2.2]cryptand reagent pair to switch “on” and “off” the catalytic ability of the [2]rotaxanes.
Drop behaviour characteristics in different operating regimes in an L‐shaped pulsed sieve‐plate column
Authors: Amani Pouria , Esmaieli Mohamad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, the influence of different operating regimes on drop behaviour in an L‐shaped pulsed sieve‐plate column has been investigated and the effects of pulsation intensity and phase superficial velocities on drop diameters are evaluated. The toluene‐water system with 0.03 L/L (3 vol%) acetone as a mass transfer agent is used. Experimental observations reveal that with increasing pulsation intensity, drop sizes slightly decrease and by reaching to the end of mixer‐settler regime, they significantly decrease followed by a mild decrease in the dispersion regime. Moreover, it is observed that mean drop size firstly varies inversely as both phase superficial velocities change, while it slightly increases with further increase in superficial velocities. Finally, some of the most recommended correlations are compared to the experimental data. It is revealed that these correlations show the highest deviation in the lower end of the mixer‐settler regime (> 40 %), while in the dispersion regime it becomes < 15 %, indicating that they are only applicable in the region of practical regimes. Accordingly, two of these correlations are modified in order to cover different operating regimes by means of two correlations proposed to predict the transition regime in each section of the column. The AARE values of the modified correlations are found to be < 14.7 %.
Scanning of own‐ versus other‐race faces in infants from racially diverse or homogenous communities
Authors: Ellis Ann E. , Xiao Naiqi G. , Lee Kang , Oakes Lisa M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe examined the role of community face experience on 6‐ and 8‐month‐old Caucasian infants’ scanning of own‐ and other‐race face scanning. We measured infants’ proportional fixation time and scan path amplitudes as indices of face processing. Proportional fixation time to informationally rich face regions varied as a function of age and face race for infants living in a racially homogeneous community, whereas scan path amplitudes varied as a function of age and face race for infants living in a racially diverse community. In both communities 6‐month‐old infants did not show different responding to own‐ and other‐race faces, whereas 8‐month‐old infants responded differently to own‐ and other‐race faces. However, 8‐month‐old infants from the two communities showed different patterns of cross‐race face scanning. Therefore, experience in the community beyond the home appears to contribute to the development of differential scanning of own‐ versus other‐race faces between 6 and 8 months of age.
Later life swimming performance and persistent heart damage following subteratogenic PAH mixture exposure in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , Thompson Jasmine , Chernick Melissa , Hinton David E. , Di Giulio Richard T. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

High-level, acute exposures to individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex PAH mixtures result in cardiac abnormalities in developing fish embryos. Whereas acute PAH exposures can be developmentally lethal, little is known about the later life consequences of early life, lower level PAH exposures in survivors. A population of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus from the PAH-contaminated Superfund site, Atlantic Wood Industries, Elizabeth River, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, is highly resistant to acute PAH cardiac teratogenicity. We sought to determine and characterize long-term swimming performance and cardiac histological alterations of a subteratogenic PAH mixture exposure in both reference killifish and PAH-adapted Atlantic Wood killifish embryos. Killifish from a relatively uncontaminated reference site, King's Creek, Virginia, United States, and Atlantic Wood killifish were treated with dilutions of Elizabeth River sediment extract at 24 h post fertilization (hpf). Two proven subteratogenic dilutions, 0.1 and 1.0% Elizabeth River sediment extract (total PAH 5.04 and 50.4 µg/L, respectively), were used for embryo exposures. Then, at 5-mo post hatching, killifish were subjected to a swim performance test. A separate subset of these individuals was processed for cardiac histological analysis. Unexposed King's Creek killifish significantly outperformed the unexposed Atlantic Wood killifish in swimming performance as measured by Ucrit (i.e., critical swimming speed). However, King's Creek killifish exposed to Elizabeth River sediment extract (both 0.1 and 1.0%) showed significant declines in Ucrit. Histological analysis revealed the presence of blood in the pericardium of King's Creek killifish. Although Atlantic Wood killifish showed baseline performance deficits relative to King's Creek killifish, their pericardial cavities were nearly free of blood and atrial and ventricular alterations. These findings may explain, in part, the diminished swimming performance of King's Creek fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3246–3253. © 2017 SETAC
Performance Optimization for Open‐cathode Fuel Cell Systems with Overheating Protection and Air Starvation Prevention
Authors: Ou K. , Wang Y.‐X. , Kim Y.‐B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe open‐cathode design with simultaneously integrated air supply and coolant flow systems can significantly simplify the structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Typically, the performance of open‐cathode PEMFC system is highly influenced by temperature and oxygen excess ratio which can be regulated by the air flow fan. The axial air flow fan is the only actuator which is responsible for the oxygen supply to the cathode and cooling air at the same time. In this study, oxygen mass flow rate across cathode channels is regarded as the only control variable of the open‐cathode FC system. Air flow is regulated based on a set of optimal oxygen excess ratios in different stack currents for power optimization and overheating protection. However, the air flow rate is determined through a sensor installed to measure the air flow rate in the cathode channels. The control strategy simultaneously focuses on performance optimization with overheating protection and air starvation prevention, whereas the fuel cell operates its full range. The efficacy of the proposed method and control is verified through experiments with a small open‐cathode fuel cell system with a real‐time platform of NI (National Instruments) devices.
Assessment of rainfall spatial variability and its influence on runoff modelling: A case study in the Brue catchment, UK
Authors: Zhang Jun , Han Dawei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study explores rainfall spatial variability and its influence on runoff modelling. A novel assessment scheme integrated with coefficient of variance and Moran's I is introduced to describe effective rainfall spatial variability. Coefficient of variance is widely accepted to identify rainfall variability through rainfall intensity, whereas Moran's I reflects rainfall spatial autocorrelation. This new assessment framework combines these two indicators to assess the spatial variability derived from both rainfall intensity and distribution, which are crucial in determining the time and magnitude of runoff generation. Four model structures embedded in the Variable Infiltration Capacity model are adopted for hydrological modelling in the Brue catchment of England. The models are assigned with 1, 3, 8, and 27 hydrological response units, respectively, and diverse rainfall spatial information for 236 events are extracted from 1995. This study investigates the model performance of different partitioning based on rainfall spatial variability through peak volume (Qp) and time to peak (Tp), along with the rainfall event process. The results show that models associated with dense spatial partitioning are broadly capable of capturing more spatial information with better performance. It is unnecessary to utilize models with high spatial density for simple rainfall events, though they show distinct advantages on complex events. With additional spatial information, Qp experiences a notable improvement over Tp. Moreover, seasonal patterns signified by the assessment scheme imply the feasibility of seasonal models.
Hippocampal fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation and functional connectivity changes in premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Duan Gaoxiong , Liu Huimei , Pang Yong , Liu Peng , Liu Yanfei , Wang Geliang , Liao Hai , Tang Lijun , Chen Wenfu , Mo Xiaping , Wen Danhong , Lin Hua , Deng Demao 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo investigate differences in hippocampal activity between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) patients and healthy controls, to elucidate the neural mechanisms of PMS.Materials and MethodsTwenty female patients with PMS (PMS group) and 21 healthy controls (HC group) underwent a single‐shot gradient‐recalled echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence scan during the luteal phase in 3.0 Tesla MRI. Spontaneous neural activity in hippocampus (HIPP) was measured by fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF). Functional connectivity (FC) was used to examine the neural networks of PMS patients by selecting the abnormal HIPP as the seed region. All participants completed a daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) questionnaire to measure the severity of clinical symptoms.ResultsResults from a two‐sample t‐test showed increased left HIPP fALFF in the PMS group compared with the HC group (P = 0.042), while there was no between‐group difference of fALFF in the right HIPP (P = 0.1011). A secondary analysis using a two‐sample t‐test with the left HIPP as the seed region, the results revealed that the PMS group exhibited increased FC between the left HIPP and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and bilateral precentral cortex (PC), while decreased FC between the left HIPP and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Moreover, the PMS group exhibited higher DRSP scores, which were positively correlated (r = 0.64, P = 0.003) with FC between the left HIPP and mPFC during the luteal phase.ConclusionAltered spontaneous neural activity and connectivity of left HIPP may be involved in PMS.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:545–553.
Automated image quality evaluation of T2‐weighted liver MRI utilizing deep learning architecture
Authors: Esses Steven J. , Lu Xiaoguang , Zhao Tiejun , Shanbhogue Krishna , Dane Bari , Bruno Mary , Chandarana Hersh 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo develop and test a deep learning approach named Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for automated screening of T2‐weighted (T2WI) liver acquisitions for nondiagnostic images, and compare this automated approach to evaluation by two radiologists.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated 522 liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams performed at 1.5T and 3T at our institution between November 2014 and May 2016 for CNN training and validation. The CNN consisted of an input layer, convolutional layer, fully connected layer, and output layer. 351 T2WI were anonymized for training. Each case was annotated with a label of being diagnostic or nondiagnostic for detecting lesions and assessing liver morphology. Another independently collected 171 cases were sequestered for a blind test. These 171 T2WI were assessed independently by two radiologists and annotated as being diagnostic or nondiagnostic. These 171 T2WI were presented to the CNN algorithm and image quality (IQ) output of the algorithm was compared to that of two radiologists.ResultsThere was concordance in IQ label between Reader 1 and CNN in 79% of cases and between Reader 2 and CNN in 73%. The sensitivity and the specificity of the CNN algorithm in identifying nondiagnostic IQ was 67% and 81% with respect to Reader 1 and 47% and 80% with respect to Reader 2. The negative predictive value of the algorithm for identifying nondiagnostic IQ was 94% and 86% (relative to Readers 1 and 2).ConclusionWe demonstrate a CNN algorithm that yields a high negative predictive value when screening for nondiagnostic T2WI of the liver.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:723–728.
Centennial‐long trends of lake browning show major effect of afforestation
Authors: Kritzberg Emma S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObservations of increasing water color and organic carbon concentrations in lakes are widespread across the Northern Hemisphere. The drivers of these trends are debated. Declining atmospheric sulfur deposition has been put forward as an important underlying factor, since recovery from acidification enhances mobility of organic matter from surrounding soils. This would suggest that the current browning represents a return to a more natural state. This study explores historical lake data from Sweden—1935 to 2015—providing a unique opportunity to see how and why water color has varied during almost a century. The data shows that sulfur deposition has not been the primary driver of water color trends over this period. I propose that the observed browning is to a large extent driven by a major transition from agriculture to forestry.
IP6K1 Reduces Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Fitness and Potentiates High Fat Diet-Induced Skeletal Involution
Authors: Boregowda Siddaraju V. , Ghoshal Sarbani , Booker Cori N. , Krishnappa Veena , Chakraborty Anutosh , Phinney Donald G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the predominant source of bone and adipose tissue in adult bone marrow and play a critical role in skeletal homeostasis. Age-induced changes in bone marrow favor adipogenesis over osteogenesis leading to skeletal involution and increased marrow adiposity so pathways that prevent MSC aging are potential therapeutic targets for treating age-related bone diseases. Here, we show that inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (Ip6k1) deletion in mice increases MSC yields from marrow and enhances cell growth and survival ex vivo. In response to the appropriate stimuli, Ip6k1−/− versus Ip6k1+/+ MSCs also exhibit enhanced osteogenesis and hematopoiesis-supporting activity and reduced adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistic-based studies revealed that Ip6k1−/− MSCs express higher MDM2 and lower p53 protein levels resulting in lower intrinsic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as compared to Ip6k1+/+ MSCs, but both populations upregulate mitochondrial ROS to similar extents in response to oxygen-induced stress. Finally, we show that mice fed a high fat diet exhibit reduced trabecular bone volume, and that pharmacological inhibition of IP6K1 using a pan-IP6K inhibitor largely reversed this phenotype while increasing MSC yields from bone marrow. Together, these findings reveal an important role for IP6K1 in regulating MSC fitness and differentiation fate. Unlike therapeutic interventions that target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and leptin receptor activity, which yield detrimental side effects including increased fracture risk and altered feeding behavior, respectively, inhibition of IP6K1 maintains insulin sensitivity and prevents obesity while preserving bone integrity. Therefore, IP6K1 inhibitors may represent more effective insulin sensitizers due to their bone sparing properties.
Disrupting Interactions Between β-Catenin and Activating TCFs Reconstitutes Ground State Pluripotency in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Saj Abil , Chatterjee Sujash S. , Zhu Bowen , Cukuroglu Engin , Gocha Tenzin , Zhang Xiaoqian , Göke Jonathan , DasGupta Ramanuj 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The 2i-media, composed of two small molecule inhibitors (PD0325901 and CHIR99021) against MEK and GSK3-kinases, respectively, is known to establish naïve ground state pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). These inhibitors block MEK-mediated differentiation, while driving β-catenin dependent de-repression of pluripotency promoting targets. However, accumulating evidence suggest that β-catenin’s association with activating TCFs (TCF7 and TCF7L2) can induce expression of several lineage-specific prodifferentiation genes. We posited that CHIR-induced upregulation of β-catenin levels could therefore compromise the stability of the naïve state in long-term cultures. Here, we investigated whether replacing CHIR with iCRT3, a small molecule that abrogates β-catenin–TCF interaction, can still retain ground state pluripotency in mESCs. Our data suggests that iCRT3 + PD mediated coinhibition of MEK and β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcriptional activity over multiple passages significantly reduces expression of differentiation markers, as compared to 2i. Furthermore, the ability to efficiently contribute toward chimera generation and germline transmission suggests that the inhibition of β-catenin’s TCF-dependent transcriptional activity, independent of its protein expression level, retains the naïve ground state pluripotency in mESCs. Additionally, growth medium containing iCRT3 + PD can provide an alternative to 2i as a stable culture method.