bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine chemicals and blood lead with growth and pubertal development in a longitudinal cohort of boys: a review of published results from the Russian Children’s Study
Authors: Sergeyev Oleg , Burns Jane S. , Williams Paige L. , Korrick Susan A. , Lee Mary M. , Revich Boris , Hauser Russ 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Organochlorine chemicals and lead are environmental exposures that have endocrine disrupting properties (EDCs) which interfere with many aspects of hormone action. Childhood and adolescence are windows of susceptibility for adverse health effects of EDCs. Our ongoing study, the Russian Children’s Study (RCS), is one of the few longitudinal studies investigating the impact of EDCs on growth and puberty in boys. It is conducted in the historically contaminated city of Chapaevsk, in the Samara region. The study focuses on evaluating the associations of persistent organochlorine chemicals and lead with growth and pubertal timing. At enrollment in 2003–2005, we collected blood from 516 boys at ages 8–9 years to measure dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides and lead. At enrollment and at annual visits through the ages of 18–19 years, a physician performed physical examinations that included pubertal staging and testicular volume measurements. We review the history of Chapaevsk as a research site and summarize published RCS data on the association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorines and blood lead levels with growth, pubertal onset and sexual maturity. Overall, we found that persistent organochlorines and lead negatively affected growth during puberty. Our results also suggest that total toxic equivalents (TEQs), dioxin-like compounds, organochlorine pesticides and lead may delay, while nondioxin-like-PCBs may advance, the timing of male puberty. These findings promoted remediation programs in Chapaevsk, with improvement in health indicators, resulting in Chapaevsk being designated a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) network “Healthy Cities” in 2015.
Recent advances on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as sorbents of organic pollutants in water and wastewater treatment
Authors: Gutierrez Angela M. , Dziubla Thomas D. , Hilt J. Zach 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The constant growth in population worldwide over the past decades continues to put forward the need to provide access to safe, clean water to meet human needs. There is a need for cost-effective technologies for water and wastewater treatment that can meet the global demands and the rigorous water quality standards and at the same maximizing pollutant efficiency removal. Current remediation technologies have failed in keeping up with these factors without becoming cost-prohibitive. Most recently, nanotechnology has been sought as the best alternative to increase access to water supplies by remediating those already contaminated and offering ways to access unconventional sources. The use of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as nanoadsorbents has led way to a new class of magnetic separation strategies for water treatment. This review focuses on highlighting some of the most recent advances in core-shell iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites containing iron oxide nanoparticles currently being developed for water and wastewater treatment of organic pollutants. We discuss the novelty of these novel materials and the insight gained from their advances that can help develop cost-effective reusable technologies for scale-up and commercial use.
The Roller-Ground Dynamic Interaction in The Compaction Process Through Vibrations for Road Construction
Authors: Sergiu Bejan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The natural soil used in filling the embankment of the road communications is characterized by the following factors: humidity, porosity, toughness. For certain factor values that describe the soil state is distinguished a certain soil behavior under the influence of the external forces applied through static or dynamic mechanical means.
In this study are presented the numeric simulation results of the soil-compactor interaction based on the complex and nonlinear rheological model proposed by the author in the result of the elaborated doctorate thesis, that follows the real soil characteristics (elastic, dissipative and plastic) on those of the compaction equipment (with a single vibrating roll). The model was harmonised and granted in accordance with the results obtained from the processing of the experimental data. For the simulation model was used the specialized software package Matlab (Simulink, SimMechanics). The obtained results revealed the real behavior of the equipment and its action on the compacted soil.
Spatial distribution and origin of coalbed gases at the working faces of the Velenje Coal Basin, Slovenia, since the year 2000
Authors: Kanduč Tjaša , Zavšek Simon , Jamnikar Sergej , Verbovšek Timotej 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Geochemical and isotopic monitoring of coalbed gases at the excavation fields of mining areas in Velenje Coal Basin, Slovenia, has been ongoing since the year 2000 with the aim of obtaining better insights into the distribution and origin of coalbed gases. Results from the mining areas Pesje and Preloge (active excavation fields) are presented here from the year 2000 up to the present. Composition and origin of coalbed gases were determined using mass spectrometry at the Jožef Stefan Institute. From a larger database of geochemical samples, 119 samples were used for analysis and spatial presentation in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. We have used geochemical (CH4, CO2 and N2) and isotopic (δ
13CCO2 and δ
13CCH4) tracers for geochemical and isotopic characterisation of coalbed gases from the active excavation fields. Concentrations of CO2 and the carbon dioxide–methane indices in the southern part of the basin are higher than in the northern part of the basin due to the vicinity of the active Šoštanj Fault. The value of δ
13CCH4 at the active excavation field indicates a bacterial origin, with values greater than –50‰, and only some boreholes show elevated δ
13CCH4 quantities as a consequence of the CO2 reduction process in Velenje Coal Basin. The value of δ
13CCO2 indicates the bacterial and endogenic origin of carbon.
Electromagnetic profiling of Owena Dam, Southwestern Nigeria, using very-low-frequency radio fields
Authors: Okpoli Cyril , Tijani Raphael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Very low frequency (VLF) was used to assess variations in overburden composition, bedrock lithology and the concealed basement structures within the bedrock of Owena Dam in Igbara-Oke of the Precambrian Basement Complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Five VLF-electromagnetic (EM) traverses were occupied at 5 m intervals. The VLF normal and filtered real component anomalies identify major geological interfaces suspected to be faults/fractured zones. The points of crossover between the real and imaginary components delineate the fractured zones, which were identified as areas of possible seepage (piping and sloughing). The internal erosion (permeability) of soil mass eventually leads to the formation of an open conduit in the soil, which may lead to failure of the embankment/dam. The fractured zones are suspected to be present at all traverses. In total, 21 fractured zones were identified along the dam embankment, with the deepest occurrence at Traverse 5. These seepage zones cause heterogeneity in the subsurface composition, which could lead to dam failure. The result of the study suggests that VLF is an adequate method of monitoring seepages in embankment dams.
Heteroglossia and Fragmentariness in the Absent Therapist by Will Eaves
Authors: Drąg Wojciech 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn “Discourse in the Novel” Mikhail Bakhtin argues that heteroglossia - a diversity of voices or languages - is one of the essential properties of the novel. The distinct languages spoken by individual characters (referred to as “character speech”), he maintains, inevitably affect “authorial speech”. In experimental fiction, where “authorial speech” is often eliminated altogether, one can speak of the most radical instance of novelistic polyphony. Whereas in The Sound and the Fury, The Waves and B.S. Johnson’s House Mother Normal in place of the narrator the reader is presented with several parallel voices which offer an alternative version of some of the same incidents, Will Eaves’s The Absent Therapist (2014) comprises 150 one- or two-page monologues, each of which is delivered by a different nameless speaker. The book, described by reviewers as an “experimental novella”, a “miniature novel”, and an “anti-novel”, is devoid of any frame that would account for the coexistence of so many stories. The only interpretive clues are provided in the paratext: the title and the dedication from 1 Corinthians (“There are, it may be, so many kinds of voices in the world, and none of them is without signification”). They appear to invite the reading of the entire text as an amalgam of disparate (but also, in large part, desperate) voices united by their addressee - the figure of the therapist who is not there. The aim of the article is to examine Eaves’s assemblage of voices and outline the tenuous relationship between the sections. The analysis of common themes and motifs that provide a degree of qualified unity to the book’s multiple monologues is situated in the context of fragmentary writing (as practised, among others, by Burroughs and Barthes) and its postmodernist aesthetics of the collage.
The issue of conversationally constituted context and localization problems in emergency calls
Authors: Paoletti Isabella 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes localization problems in medical emergency calls. It argues that some localization problems can be related to difficulties in the alignment of operators' and callers' understanding of the overall functioning of the services and, in fact, be linked to the shift in the organization features of the emergency service.The data analyzed in this study are part of a wider corpus collected within a research project on language and technology carried out at the Department of Communication Sciences of the University of Bologna, Italy. The data were collected in two emergency service control rooms in northern Italy and central Italy. Through a detailed discourse analysis within an ethnomethodological framework of actual emergency calls, the analysis shows that some localization problems can be better understood by referring to the overall ethnographic understanding of the emergency service and its organizational development.The paper aims to show that some localization problems can provide some significant insights for the discussion of the issue of “conversationally constituted context” versus “invocation to more remote context” in the analysis of interactional data. The ethnographic understanding of changes in the organization of the emergency services makes understandable elements in the calls that cannot be explained otherwise.
A comparative analysis of speech rate and perception in radio bulletins
Authors: Rodero Emma 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSpeech rate is one of the most important elements in a news presentation, especially on radio, a sound medium. Accordingly, this study seeks to compare broadcasters' speech rate and the number of pauses in 40 news bulletins from the BBC (United Kingdom), Radio France (France), RAI (Italy), and RNE (Spain). Most authors addressing the medium of radio recommend a speech rate of between 160 and 180 words per minute (wpm). If this rate is considered, only one radio station, BBC, would be within the suitable limits. Instead, higher speeds and fewer pauses have been identified in the RAI and RNE bulletins. The second part of this study attempts to analyze whether perception in the news can be affected by different speech rates. The findings indicate that the extent to which the individuals surveyed experience subjective assessment varies according to the speech rate.
Lay metalanguage on grammatical variation and neutrality in Wikipedia's entry for Che Guevara
Authors: Bartlett Tom 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the editorial discussion of Wikipedia's policy of “Neutral Point of View” during the collaborative authorship of the entry for Che Guevara. Such data provide a rare source of unprompted lay metalanguage on the relationship between the lexicogrammatical form of a text and its evaluative orientation and make possible an inductive approach to exploring this longstanding issue in critical linguistics inquiry. The paper illustrates this inductive approach in selecting a stretch of text identified by the editors themselves as problematic and relating their metalinguistic commentaries to the lexicogrammatical features of both the original text and the variations proposed. However, recognizing that naturally occurring metalanguage is itself situated within its own social practice, the paper considers ways in which the editors' readings are a function of their role as Wikipedia “prosumers” and goes on to discuss the need to theorize specific reader types within critical linguistic approaches to discourse analysis.
Constructing “Remorse”: the preparation of social discourses for public consumption
Authors: Hallett Jill 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of heteroglossic mass-mediated discourse for a National Public Radio (NPR) segment. Two Chicago teenagers covered the story of five-year-old Eric Morse, who was pushed to his death from a fourteenth-story housing project window. On a micro-discursive level, each voice represented in this segment is an amalgamated blend of lived experiences with respect to this tragedy and the events surrounding it, as well as participation in speech chains of mass-communicative, historical, and segmental natures. While presented as a documentary examining a major news event in depth through “authentic” correspondents, this segment is edited and packaged to appeal to a certain demographic makeup. Macrosociological constructs of race, class, and social position are reflected in these highly localized discourses as these experiences are edited and “packaged” for a specific listening audience.
Ethnopolitical discourse among ordinary Malaysians: diverging accounts of “the good-old days” in discussing multiculturalism
Authors: Buttny Richard , Hashim Azirah , Kaur Kiranjit 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA small group of ethnically diverse Malaysians was assembled to discuss the state of multiculturalism in Malaysia. Discursive analysis was used to get at the participants' accounting practices and constructions of multiculturalism. Participants' accounts revealed an increasing social distance between the Malays and the non-Malays, but differing assessments and explanations for such group boundaries. Participants' accounts drew on both their own experiences and on broader ethnopolitical discourses to tell their side. Participants used various voicing practices to represent or evaluate the current situation and how it became this way. Religion, especially Islam, was used as an ethnopolitical discourse and was articulated in different ways. For instance, the Malays invoked being Muslim as the primary source of identity and imagined community, while the non-Malays cited the politicization of Islam as a cause for the increasing boundary between groups. Despite these differences participants seemed willing to engage on these “sensitive issues” through criticism and defensive accounts sequences.
Synthesis, single-crystal structure determination and Raman spectrum of Ca2.57(4)Sr0.43(4)Cl2[CBN]
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Schulz Armin , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSolid-state reaction of Ca, CaCl2, Sr, SrCl2, C and BN at 900°C for 3 days yielded transparent red needles of Ca2.57(4)Sr0.43(4)Cl2[CBN] as minority product (<10%) mixed with crystals of isotypic yellow Ca3Cl2[CBN] and orange Sr3Cl2[CBN]. Ca2.57(4)Sr0.43(4)Cl2[CBN] crystallizes in the space groupPnma(no.62) with the unit cell parameters ofa=1389.2(6),b=386.05(15) andc=1131.2(4)pm (Z=4). The Raman spectrum confirms the presence of the [CBN]4−unit. The incremental volume of the [CBN]4−is calculated to be 50.7(10)Å3.
Severe symptomatic hyponatremia associated with the use of polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation
Authors: Samad Navira , Fraser Ian 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Colonoscopy is a useful tool in modern medicine and is increasingly employed for both diagnostic and treatment reasons. However, its effectiveness is highly reliant on the quality of bowel cleansing. Among different bowel-cleansing agents available, PEG (polyethylene glycol) is considered to be the safest cleansing agent, especially in relation to fluid and electrolyte problems. We present here a case of severe symptomatic hyponatremia that developed after the use of PEG for an elective colonoscopy. This case highlights that despite the use of PEG-based preparations, life-threatening fluid and electrolyte disturbances can still occur in patients with risk factors, such as old age, use of thiazide diuretics and SSRIs, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and a history of electrolyte problems. These patients should be closely monitored when undertaking bowel cleansing and should receive prompt care in the event of complications, to avoid permanent neurological sequelae and death. Rapid correction of sodium levels in patients requiring treatment of hyponatremia should be avoided to prevent complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Learning points:

PEG is considered to be the safest bowel-cleansing agents among different options available, but it can still cause significant side effects in susceptible individuals.

Those at risk of developing adverse events include elderly individuals, patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure or previous history of electrolyte problems and those taking thiazide diuretics and SSRIs.

All such patients should be closely monitored i.e. have their metabolic profile checked prior to the commencement of bowel cleansing and a low threshold should be kept for the initiation of investigations and treatment in case of development of symptoms.

Medications with a potential of causing fluid and electrolytes such as thiazide diuretics and SSRIs should be withheld while patient is undertaking bowel preparation.

Hyponatremia in a hospitalized patient can be multifactorial, and the treatment principles are based on duration of onset, presence of symptoms and patients volume status.

Overzealous correction of sodium levels during treatment of hyponatremia can result in serious complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome.
Adherencia al Tratamiento en Rehabilitación Cardíaca: Diseño y Validación de un Programa de Intervención Biopsicosocial
Authors: Rocha-Nieto Lilia Mercedes , Herrera-Delgado Carolina , Vargas-Olano Marco Orlando 
Published: February 2017

El estudio pretendió el diseño y validación de contenido de un programa de intervención biopsicosocial para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento (at) en pacientes en rehabilitación cardíaca (rc) durante la fase no supervisada por profesionales de la salud. El diseño incluyó la revisión de literatura científica y la información de tres grupos focales: expertos (5), pacientes (6) y familiares y/o cuidadores (5). El programa está sustentado en el concepto de autorregulación y basado en el modelo hapa (Health Action Process Approach); la estructura contiene sesiones educativas y psicológicas, así como ejercicios transversales y actividades de seguimiento. La validación se realizó con seis jueces expertos, quienes calificaron los componentes: objetivos, actividades, metodología y recursos. Esta evaluación reveló índices de validación de contenido (ivc) excelentes (1) y buenos (.83), según parámetros de Lynn (1986). Se concluyó que es una intervención clara, pertinente, suficiente y coherente, útil para el psicólogo que integra los equipos interdisciplinarios sanitarios, lo cual mejora el beneficio para los pacientes.
Socialização familiar e formação de professoras: o gênero em questão
Authors: Knoblauch Adriane , Penna Marieta Gouvêa de Oliveira 
Published: February 2017

Apresenta dados sobre socialização familiar e profissional de professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, objetivando problematizar aspectos das relações de gênero presentes nas práticas docentes e sedimentadas como cultura escolar. A análise dos dados, coletados por meio de entrevistas, fundamentada em Pierre Bourdieu, aponta para a construção da feminilidade marcada pela submissão ao universo masculino, constituindo facetas do habitus expresso na valorização da docência como atividade vocacionada e feminina, bem como em práticas disciplinadoras e moralizantes dos alunos. A memória de antigas professoras foi marcada por eventos de carinho e cuidado, orientando escolhas didáticas.
Consciência e controle: uma intervenção histórico-cultural sobre a escrita de acadêmicas de Pedagogia a distância
Authors: Castro Rafael Fonseca de , Damiani Magda F. , Selau Bento 
Published: February 2017

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar a evolução da escrita de acadêmicas de um curso de Pedagogia a distância. Durante o período de sete semestres, foram realizadas quatro intervenções pedagógicas e minucioso acompanhamento das produções textuais das estudantes. Das 42 acadêmicas da turma pesquisada, foram selecionadas três. Os dados para o estudo foram coletados via análise documental – sendo os documentos as produções textuais –, questionário e entrevistas. As análises dessas produções e dos depoimentos das acadêmicas produziram os seguintes achados: recepção positiva às intervenções; despertar da consciência a aspectos fundamentais ao exercício da escrita, como dar-se conta de que se escreve para um interlocutor e sobre a importância da revisão dos textos; melhor organização macroestrutural; uso mais eficaz de recursos de pontuação e; aprimoramento e aumento do repertório de articuladores textuais.
Analisando a pesquisa-ação à luz dos princípios intervencionistas: um olhar comparativo
Authors: Picheth Sara Fernandes , Cassandre Marcio Pascoal , Thiollent Michel Jean Marie 
Published: February 2017

A metodologia da pesquisa-ação, embora seja considerada pesquisa, com seu caráter pragmático, se distingue claramente da pesquisa científica tradicional, principalmente porque, ao mesmo tempo em que altera o que está sendo pesquisado, é limitada pelo contexto e pela ética da prática. Por outro lado, algumas metodologias intervencionistas também possuem um aspecto que compõem a pesquisa-ação, o foco na ação coletiva em busca da resolução de um problema, implicando na premissa de que possa haver alguma relação entre esta metodologia e princípios intervencionistas. Nesse contexto, o presente ensaio teórico almeja analisar a relação entre a metodologia da pesquisaação e os princípios da estimulação dupla e do ascender do abstrato para o concreto. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, a análise dos princípios intervencionistas comparados à metodologia da pesquisa-ação demonstrou relação entre ambos, sugerindo similaridades de lógica e modos de agir, possibilitando, portanto, visualizar esta metodologia como a implementação dos dois princípios.