bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders in brick industry workers in Chilaw Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando W. I. B. , De Silva P. V. , Sundarapperuma S. M. T. D. 
Published: August 2017

Background Brick industry is an oldest industry in Sri Lanka. Brick making process includes different actions which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Studies have been carried out in brick industries and shown that brick making process leads to musculoskeletal disorders. Objectives To determine the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among brick workers by identifying the most affected body regions and the joints and specific ergonomic risk factors in work place, explore associated factors, and the effect of musculoskeletal disorders to daily living, Materials and methods Using descriptive cross sectional study and an interviewer administered questionnaire, data were collected from 192 brick industry workers who were in the industry for more than 1 year in Chilaw Area, Puttlam district. Results The study consisted with 130 males and 62 females. Majority of 85.9% of workers were having a normal BMI and 65.6% of the participants were having pain and discomfort lasting at least 24 hours during last 12 months, while 39.6% of them were having low back pain where 0.5% having neck pain. A majority (82.5%) was prevented from doing the normal work activities at home or away from home because of a musculoskeletal pain or a discomfort. Majority (77.0%) of participants applies a local analgesic to relieve the pain. 27% of the workers were holding loads for distances where 73.8% of the workers lifts their loads manually. Conclusion Work related musculoskeletal disorder are prevalent among brick workers and the most commonly affected body regions are low back, wrists/ hands, shoulders, knees, neck, elbows and ankles/feet. There is no any significant difference with the age and sex with the presence of musculoskeletal discomfort or pain in this study sample. These MSDs are affecting the activities of daily living of workers by preventing from normal activities.
IL-15 Complexes Induce Migration of Resting Memory CD8 T Cells into Mucosal Tissues
Authors: Sowell Ryan T. , Goldufsky Josef W. , Rogozinska Magdalena , Quiles Zurisaday , Cao Yanxia , Castillo Eliseo F. , Finnegan Alison , Marzo Amanda L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
IL-15 is an essential cytokine known to promote T cell survival and activate the effector function of memory phenotype CD8 T cells. Blocking IL-15 signals also significantly impacts tissue-specific effector and memory CD8 T cell formation. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-15 influences the generation of memory CD8 T cells by first promoting their accumulation into mucosal tissues and second by sustaining expression of Bcl-6 and T-bet. We show that the mechanism for this recruitment is largely dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin and its subsequent inactivation of FoxO1. Last, we show that IL-15 complexes delivered locally to mucosal tissues without reinfection is an effective strategy to enhance establishment of tissue resident memory CD8 T cells within mucosal tissues. This study provides mechanistic insight into how IL-15 controls the generation of memory CD8 T cells and influences their trafficking and ability to take up residence within peripheral tissues.
ADAM10-Mediated ICOS Ligand Shedding on B Cells Is Necessary for Proper T Cell ICOS Regulation and T Follicular Helper Responses
Authors: Lownik Joseph C. , Luker Andrea J. , Damle Sheela R. , Cooley Lauren Folgosa , El Sayed Riham , Hutloff Andreas , Pitzalis Costantino , Martin Rebecca K. , El Shikh Mohey Eldin M. , Conrad Daniel H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The proper regulation of ICOS and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) has been shown to be essential for maintaining proper immune homeostasis. Loss of either protein results in defective humoral immunity, and overexpression of ICOS results in aberrant Ab production resembling lupus. How ICOSL is regulated in response to ICOS interaction is still unclear. We demonstrate that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 is the primary physiological sheddase of ICOSL in mice and humans. Using an in vivo system in which ADAM10 is deleted only on B cells, elevated levels of ICOSL were seen. This increase is also seen when ADAM10 is deleted from human B cell lines. Identification of the primary sheddase has allowed the characterization of a novel mechanism of ICOS regulation. In wild-type mice, interaction of ICOS/ICOSL results in ADAM10-induced shedding of ICOSL on B cells and moderate ICOS internalization on T cells. When this shedding is blocked, excessive ICOS internalization occurs. This results in severe defects in T follicular helper development and TH2 polarization, as seen in a house dust mite exposure model. In addition, enhanced TH1 and TH17 immune responses are seen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Blockade of ICOSL rescues T cell ICOS surface expression and rescues, at least in part, T follicular helper numbers and the abnormal Ab production previously reported in these mice. Overall, we propose a novel regulation of the ICOS/ICOSL axis, with ADAM10 playing a direct role in regulating ICOSL, as well as indirectly regulating ICOS, thus controlling ICOS/ICOSL-dependent responses.
Nazorg voor ex-gedetineerden door Exodus: maakt het verschil?
Authors: van Wingerden Sigrid , Verweij Suzan , Wartna Bouke , Moerings Martin 
Published: August 2017

Aftercare for former prisoners by Exodus: does it work? A study on reoffending rates among former prisoners who stayed in Exodus Halfway Houses in the period 1999-2012
Exodus is an organization aimed at assisting prisoners at their transition to society. In the Exodus halfway houses participants receive help in finding a house and a job, in improving relationships with family and friends and in giving meaning to life. This study uses a quasi-experimental design to investigate whether participating in the Exodus program reduces reoffending: the observed reoffending rate is compared to the reoffending rate that was predicted based on characteristics of the participants. The findings show that two years after leaving Exodus, 46.5% of the participants reoffended. This is 4.1 percent point less than the total population of former prisoners and 4.6 percent point less than the predicted reoffending rate.
Het intern beroep tegen studievoortgangsbeslissingen in het Vlaamse hoger onderwijs anno 2017
Authors: Mampaey Lien 
Published: August 2017

Internal appeal against a negative study progress decision in Flemish higher education institutions
Since 2004 all students in Flemish universities and university colleges have the right to file an internal appeal within their institution against a negative study progress decision. This contribution gives an overview on what the current legal framework of such an internal appeals procedure looks like and aims to discuss some focal points (the composition of the committee, the hearing of a student, formal aspects when filing the appeal, …) when developing such a procedure.
Geschilbeslechtingscommissies in het bijzonder onderwijs
Authors: van Vliet Elmira 
Published: August 2017

Commissions for conflict resolution in Dutch schools on a religious basis
This article is about the legal position (labor law) of employees in Dutch schools on a religious basis. Although the normal labor law is applicable in this situation, there are also some divergent regulations. Besides some history and background information, this article discusses some important recent developments in the involved commissions and the topics they can decide about. At last this article is about the legal status of the decisions of the commissions. Are they binding or not?
Genome-wide association study identifies novel type II diabetes risk loci in Jordan subpopulations
Authors: Dajani Rana , Li Jin , Wei Zhi , March Michael E. , Xia Qianghua , Khader Yousef , Hakooz Nancy , Fatahallah Raja , El-Khateeb Mohammed , Arafat Ala , Saleh Tareq , Dajani Abdel Rahman , Al-Abbadi Zaid , Abdul Qader Mohamed , Shiyab Abdel Halim , Bateiha Anwar , Ajlouni Kamel , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: August 2017

The prevalence of Type II Diabetes (T2D) has been increasing and has become a disease of significant public health burden in Jordan. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have specifically investigated the Middle East populations. The Circassian and Chechen communities in Jordan represent unique populations that are genetically distinct from the Arab population and other populations in the Caucasus. Prevalence of T2D is very high in both the Circassian and Chechen communities in Jordan despite low obesity prevalence. We conducted GWAS on T2D in these two populations and further performed meta-analysis of the results. We identified a novel T2D locus at chr20p12.2 at genome-wide significance (rs6134031, P = 1.12 × 10−8) and we replicated the results in the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) dataset. Another locus at chr12q24.31 is associated with T2D at suggestive significance level (top SNP rs4758690, P = 4.20 × 10−5) and it is a robust eQTL for the gene, MLXIP (P = 1.10 × 10−14), and is significantly associated with methylation level in MLXIP, the functions of which involves cellular glucose response. Therefore, in this first GWAS of T2D in Jordan subpopulations, we identified novel and unique susceptibility loci which may help inform the genetic underpinnings of T2D in other populations.
Late Pleistocene songbirds of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia); the first fossil passerine fauna described from Wallacea
Authors: Meijer Hanneke J.M. , Awe Due Rokus , Sutikna Thomas , Saptomo Wahyu , Jatmiko  , Wasisto Sri , Tocheri Matthew W. , Mayr Gerald 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPasserines (Aves: Passeriformes) dominate modern terrestrial bird communities yet their fossil record is limited. Liang Bua is a large cave on the Indonesian island of Flores that preserves Late Pleistocene–Holocene deposits (∼190 ka to present day). Birds are the most diverse faunal group at Liang Bua and are present throughout the stratigraphic sequence.MethodsWe examined avian remains from the Late Pleistocene deposits of Sector XII, a 2 × 2 m area excavated to about 8.5 m depth. Although postcranial passerine remains are typically challenging to identify, we found several humeral characters particularly useful in discriminating between groups, and identified 89 skeletal elements of passerines.ResultsAt least eight species from eight families are represented, including the Large-billed Crow (Corvuscf.macrorhynchos),the Australasian Bushlark (Mirafra javanica),a friarbird (Philemonsp.), and the Pechora Pipit (Anthuscf.gustavi).DiscussionThese remains constitute the first sample of fossil passerines described in Wallacea. Two of the taxa no longer occur on Flores today; a large sturnid (cf.Acridotheres) and a grassbird (Megalurussp.). Palaeoecologically, the songbird assemblage suggests open grassland and tall forests, which is consistent with conditions inferred from the non-passerine fauna at the site.Corvuscf.macrorhynchos, found in theHomo floresiensis-bearing layers, was likely part of a scavenging guild that fed on carcasses ofStegodon florensis insularisalongside vultures (Trigonocepssp.), giant storks (Leptoptilos robustus), komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis), and probablyH. floresiensisas well.
Pulse‐like partial ruptures and high‐frequency radiation at creeping‐locked transition during megathrust earthquakes
Authors: Michel Sylvain , Avouac Jean‐Philippe , Lapusta Nadia , Jiang Junle 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMegathrust earthquakes tend to be confined to fault areas locked in the interseismic period and often rupture them only partially. For example, during the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, a slip pulse propagating along strike unzipped the bottom edge of the locked portion of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The lower edge of the rupture produced dominant high‐frequency (>1 Hz) radiation of seismic waves. We show that similar partial ruptures occur spontaneously in a simple dynamic model of earthquake sequences. The fault is governed by standard laboratory‐based rate‐and‐state friction with the aging law and contains one homogenous velocity‐weakening (VW) region embedded in a velocity‐strengthening (VS) area. Our simulations incorporate inertial wave‐mediated effects during seismic ruptures (they are thus fully dynamic) and account for all phases of the seismic cycle in a self‐consistent way. Earthquakes nucleate at the edge of the VW area and partial ruptures tend to stay confined within this zone of higher prestress, producing pulse‐like ruptures that propagate along strike. The amplitude of the high‐frequency sources is enhanced in the zone of higher, heterogeneous stress at the edge of the VW area.
Connecting tropical climate change with Southern Ocean heat uptake
Authors: Hwang Yen‐Ting , Xie Shang‐Ping , Deser Clara , Kang Sarah M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnder increasing greenhouse gas forcing, climate models project tropical warming that is greater in the Northern than the Southern Hemisphere, accompanied by a reduction in the northeast trade winds and a strengthening of the southeast trades. While the ocean‐atmosphere coupling indicates a positive feedback, what triggers the coupled asymmetry and favors greater warming in the northern tropics remains unclear. Far away from the tropics, the Southern Ocean (SO) has been identified as the major region of ocean heat uptake. Beyond its local effect on the magnitude of sea surface warming, we show by idealized modeling experiments in a coupled slab ocean configuration that enhanced SO heat uptake has a profound global impact. This SO‐to‐tropics connection is consistent with southward atmospheric energy transport across the equator. Enhanced SO heat uptake results in a zonally asymmetric La‐Nina‐like pattern of sea surface temperature change that not only affects tropical precipitation but also has influences on the Asian and North American monsoons.
An abridged history of federal involvement in space weather forecasting
Authors: Caldwell Becaja , McCarron Eoin , Jonas Seth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPublic awareness of space weather and its adverse effects on critical infrastructure systems, services, and technologies (e.g., the electric grid, telecommunications, and satellites) has grown through recent media coverage and scientific research. However, federal interest and involvement in space weather dates back to the decades between World War I and World War II when the National Bureau of Standards led efforts to observe, forecast, and provide warnings of space weather events that could interfere with high‐frequency radio transmissions. The efforts to observe and predict space weather continued through the 1960s during the rise of the Cold War and into the present with U.S. government efforts to prepare the nation for space weather events. This paper provides a brief overview of the history of federal involvement in space weather forecasting from World War II, through the Apollo Program, and into the present.
Calibration of the GOES 13/15 high‐energy proton detectors based on the PAMELA solar energetic particle observations
Authors: Bruno A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Energetic Proton, Electron, and Alpha Detector (EPEAD) and High Energy Proton and Alpha Detector (HEPAD) instruments on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) spacecraft have served over many years as monitors of the solar particle intensities, surveying the Sun and measuring in situ its effect on the near‐Earth solar‐terrestrial environment. However, the reconstruction of the differential energy spectra is affected by large uncertainties related to the poor energy resolution, the small geometrical factor, and the high contamination by out‐of‐acceptance particles. In this work, the high‐quality data set from the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light‐nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) space mission is used to calibrate the high‐energy (>80 MeV) proton channels of the EPEAD and the HEPAD sensors on board the GOES 13 and 15, bringing the measured spectral intensities inline with those registered by PAMELA. Suggested corrections significantly reduce the uncertainties on the response of GOES detectors, thus improving the reliability of the spectroscopic observations of solar energetic particle events.
Empathy's Relation to Appraisal of the Emotional Child Witness
Authors: Bederian‐Gardner Daniel , Goldfarb Deborah , Goodman Gail S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWhen observing others, we often try to determine how they ‘really feel’ deep down inside (emotional feeling) regardless of their outward expression (emotional appearance). We examined whether child victim empathy predicts appraisal of a child sexual assault victim's emotional feelings and, in turn, child and defendant believability and verdict decisions. Undergraduates (N = 50) rated photographs of 5‐ and 13‐year‐olds' degree of sadness. Then, a new group of undergraduates (N = 354), randomly assigned within a 2 (victim age) × 2 (victim gender) × 3 (victim sadness: low, medium, and high/teary) factorial design, read trial scenarios accompanied by one of the photographs. Participants rated the victim's emotional feeling and emotional appearance, victim and defendant believability, defendant guilt, and confidence in their verdict. A structural equation model that included a relation between empathy and emotion appraisal fit the data well: Empathy predicted appraisal of the victim's feelings, which, in turn, predicted perceived believability. Implications are discussed.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molybdenum Oxides – From Fundamentals to Functionality
Authors: de Castro Isabela Alves , Datta Robi Shankar , Ou Jian Zhen , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres , Sriram Sharath , Daeneke Torben , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe properties and applications of molybdenum oxides are reviewed in depth. Molybdenum is found in various oxide stoichiometries, which have been employed for different high‐value research and commercial applications. The great chemical and physical characteristics of molybdenum oxides make them versatile and highly tunable for incorporation in optical, electronic, catalytic, bio, and energy systems. Variations in the oxidation states allow manipulation of the crystal structure, morphology, oxygen vacancies, and dopants, to control and engineer electronic states. Despite this overwhelming functionality and potential, a definitive resource on molybdenum oxide is still unavailable. The aim here is to provide such a resource, while presenting an insightful outlook into future prospective applications for molybdenum oxides.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Freestanding Layer‐Structured PbI2 and MAPbI3 Nanosheets for High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Lan Changyong , Dong Ruoting , Zhou Ziyao , Shu Lei , Li Dapan , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently, due to the possibility of thinning down to the atomic thickness to achieve exotic properties, layered materials have attracted extensive research attention. In particular, PbI2, a kind of layered material, and its perovskite derivatives, CH3NH3PbI3 (i.e., MAPbI3), have demonstrated impressive photoresponsivities for efficient photodetection. Herein, the synthesis of large‐scale, high‐density, and freestanding PbI2 nanosheets is demonstrated by manipulating the microenvironment during physical vapor deposition. In contrast to conventional two‐dimensional (2D) growth along the substrate surface, the essence here is the effective nucleation of microplanes with different angles relative to the in‐plane direction of underlying rough‐surfaced substrates. When configured into photodetectors, the fabricated device exhibits a photoresponsivity of 410 mA W−1, a detectivity of 3.1 × 1011 Jones, and a fast response with the rise and decay time constants of 86 and 150 ms, respectively, under a wavelength of 405 nm. These PbI2 nanosheets can also be completely converted into MAPbI3 materials via chemical vapor deposition with an improved photoresponsivity up to 40 A W−1. All these performance parameters are comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art layered‐material‐based photodetectors, revealing the technological potency of these freestanding nanosheets for next‐generation high‐performance optoelectronics.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Cyclohexyl Anilines from Phenols with Hydrazine or Hydroxylamine via N‐N/O Cleavage
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Qiu Zihang , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDirect access to amines from biomass‐based phenols via deoxygenative transformation remains greatly challenging in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a palladium‐catalyzed deoxygenative amination of phenols (and their benzyl ether) with hydrazine as nitrogen source. The hydroxylamine/formic acid can be substituted for hydrazine in some cases. This deoxyamination features the involvement of a complex C−O bond and N−N/O bond‐cleavage process and allows for the construction of N‐substituted cyclohexyl anilines from an array of phenols by finely controlling the reaction conditions in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Monoclinic (K,Na)NbO3 Ferroelectric Phase in Epitaxial Films
Authors: Luo Jin , Sun Wei , Zhou Zhen , Lee Hyun‐Young , Wang Ke , Zhu Fangyuan , Bai Yu , Wang Zhan Jie , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMonoclinic phases, as intermediate phases at the morphotropic phase boundary, have been considered as the origin of high piezoelectricity in various piezoelectric systems. However, those monoclinic phases have seldom been experimentally observed at the phase boundary in lead‐free (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based materials. This work shows that KNN epitaxial thin films demonstrate a monoclinic MC phase stabilized by elastic strain at room temperature, which is identified by both synchrotron X‐ray reciprocal space mapping and piezoresponse force microscopy. It is revealed that the piezoelectricity is greatly enhanced at 170 °C due to the monoclinic MC–MA phase boundary. The discovery of monoclinic phases in this work may open an avenue for developing a new thermotropic phase boundary in KNN‐based materials. The results also provide a guide for the exploration of high piezoelectricity driven by monoclinic phases in lead‐free piezoelectric materials.
An Analytical Modeling of Field Electron Emission for a Vertical Wedged Ordered Nanostructure
Authors: Shen Yan , Xu Ningsheng , Ye Peng , Zhang Yu , Liu Fei , Chen Jun , She Juncong , Deng Shaozhi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of field electron emission materials requires purposeful analytical modeling of structural features. A vertical wedged ordered nanostructure shows better field emission current density because of its in‐plane continuity at the top emission edge: Individually, its calculated average current density can be 8.3–26.7 times larger than a tapered nanostructure when its bottom area s increases from 0.5 to 2.5 µm2, can be 2.2–12.7 times as its radius of top curvature r decreases from 65 to 5 nm, and can be 7.3–17.3 times as its length L increases from 0.5 to 5 µm. For an ordered nanostructure array, its average current density can be about 160 times larger than the a reference tapered array when the individual elements are closely aligned. Over three orders of magnitude improvment can be observed when optimal emitter spacing conditions are used. Structural analytical models and numerical simulation prove to be in good correspondence with previously reported experimental data, and may serve as a guide for the design and preparation of field electron emission materials with a clear purpose in the future.