bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediated effects of perceived discrimination on adolescent academic achievement: A test of four models
Authors: Hood William , Bradley Graham L. , Ferguson Samantha 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTMany adolescents feel they are subjected to acts of discrimination. Research shows that discrimination is associated with adverse outcomes including poor psychological adjustment, school adjustment, and academic achievement. This study investigated alternative pathways through which discrimination affects adolescents' academic achievement. A sample of 244 Year 7–10 Australian secondary school students (65% male; Mage = 13.6 years; SD = 1.24) completed questionnaires measuring discrimination, psychological adjustment, and sense of school membership. Both at the time of questionnaire completion and one semester later, absenteeism data, teacher ratings of classroom behavior, and academic grades were retrieved from school records. The fit of four competing structural models were compared. In the best fitting model, the effects of prior discrimination on academic achievement one semester later were serially mediated, first through psychological adjustment, and then through school adjustment. By elucidating these mechanisms, the study informs theory and practice regarding the effects of discrimination on adolescents.
A Nurse‐Initiated Perioperative Pressure Injury Risk Assessment and Prevention Protocol
Authors: Meehan Anita J. , Beinlich Nancy R. , Hammonds Tracy L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPressure injuries negatively affect patients physically, emotionally, and economically. Studies report that pressure injuries occur in 69% of inpatients who have undergone a surgical procedure while hospitalized. In 2012, we created a nurse‐initiated, perioperative pressure injury risk assessment measure for our midwestern, urban, adult teaching hospital. We retrospectively applied the risk assessment to a random sample of 350 surgical patients which validated the measure. The prospective use of the risk assessment and prevention measures in 350 surgical patients resulted in a 60% reduction in pressure injuries compared with the retrospective group. Our findings support the use of a multipronged approach for the prevention of health care–associated pressure injuries in the surgical population, which includes assessment of risk, implementation of evidence‐based prevention interventions for at‐risk patients, and continuation of prevention beyond the perioperative setting to the nursing care unit.
Theory of Mind Deficit is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chan Ping-Chen , Chen Cheng-Te , Feng Hua , Lee Ya-Chen , Chen Kuan-Lin 
Published: November 2016

Objective/Background This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively. Results The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (R2 = .158, p = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (R2 = .175, p = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (R2 = .075, p = .034), as well as the internal control (R2 = .125, p = .006) and framing (R2 = .071, p = .039) variables of playfulness. Conclusion The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.
Nonlinear effects in buoyancy-driven variable-density turbulence
Authors: Rao P. , Caulfield C. P. , Gibbon J. D. 
Published: November 2016

We consider the time dependence of a hierarchy of scaled $L^{2m}$-norms $D_{m,\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ and $D_{m,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ of the vorticity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\times \boldsymbol{u}$ and the density gradient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}=\log (\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\ast }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}^{\ast })$, in a buoyancy-driven turbulent flow as simulated by Livescu & Ristorcelli (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 591, 2007, pp. 43–71). Here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\ast }(\boldsymbol{x},t)$ is the composition density of a mixture of two incompressible miscible fluids with fluid densities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}^{\ast }>\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}^{\ast }$, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}^{\ast }$ is a reference normalization density. Using data from the publicly available Johns Hopkins turbulence database, we present evidence that the $L^{2}$-spatial average of the density gradient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ can reach extremely large values at intermediate times, even in flows with low Atwood number $At=(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}^{\ast }-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}^{\ast })/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}^{\ast }+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}^{\ast })=0.05$, implying that very strong mixing of the density field at small scales can arise in buoyancy-driven turbulence. This large growth raises the possibility that the density gradient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ might blow up in a finite time.
Administration of State Sponsored Local Justice System: An Appraisal on the Legal Framework of Village Courts in Bangladesh
Authors: Mollah Md. Al-Ifran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAccess to justice is one of the significant pre-requisites for sustainable human development and it has been made available in the form of both the formal and informal systems stretching from the very top of the judiciary to the local justice system in Bangladesh. The formal justice system, even though it plays the most pivotal role, has been facing huge pressure from case backlogs, which ultimately hampers the true spirit of justice. On the other hand, most people's perception towards informal justice system is also fairly poor with lack of trust due to partisan political interference, corruption, religious dogmas, and social elitism, which have made this system almost ineffective. Consequently, state-sponsored local justice system has come forward with a view to combining the both streams in a single channel in the form of restorative justice and a quorum of quasi-formal justice system aimed at ensuring and dispensing justice to the people in rural areas in an affordable and convenient manner. In line with this view, village courts have been established to redress petty civil and criminal issues. This article attempts to examine the feasibility of the present legal framework of village courts to deliver justice efficiently at the grassroots level.
Rethinking Legal Citation: A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: Stichter Charlotte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe easy accessibility of sources via web links and the fluidity of online formats offer an opportunity to revisit the purpose of legal citation and to consider competing citation models from a fresh perspective. This bibliographic article identifies the leading citation guides in use in the United States along a historical continuum and documents selected works that extol, critique, or excoriate—but for the most part continue to recommend adherence to—these guides. Secondary sources are included for the purpose of outlining the scope of the debate concerning which of the many citation guides now in use is preferable, and to help predict the path that legal citation is likely to take in coming years, particularly given the realities of a hyperlinked world and easily accessible source documents. Using these materials as a framework, the article invites the reader to think creatively about the purpose and future of legal citation.
Honour and subsistence: invention, credit and surgery in the nineteenth century
Authors: FRAMPTON SALLY 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe origins of contemporary exclusion of surgical methods from patenting lie in the complexities of managing credit claims in operative surgery, recognized in the nineteenth century. While surgical methods were not deemed patentable, surgeons were nevertheless embedded within patent culture. In an atmosphere of heightened awareness about the importance of ‘inventors’, how surgeons should be recognized and rewarded for their inventions was an important question. I examine an episode during the 1840s which seemed to concretize the inapplicability of patents to surgical practice, before looking at alternatives to patenting, used by surgeons to gain social and financial credit for inventions.
THE DEMISE OF “PARASITIC ACCESSORIAL LIABILITY”: SUBSTANTIVE JUDICIAL LAW REFORM, NOT COMMON LAW HOUSEKEEPING
Authors: Stark Findlay 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn Jogee and Ruddock, the Supreme Court/Privy Council decided that the law on secondary liability took a “wrong turn” in 1984 in the Privy Council's decision in Chan Wing-Siu. Chan Wing-Siu's contemplation/foresight-based fault element for secondary liability was alleged by the Supreme Court/Privy Council to have bucked a legal trend towards requiring that the secondary party intended to encourage or assist every one of the principal's offences. This article presents an alternative history of secondary liability that explains a wider selection of cases from 1553–1984 than were considered in Jogee and Ruddock. On this alternative account, Chan Wing-Siu was simply a more explicit and intellectually honest decision than its predecessors. If this alternative view of history is accepted, the Supreme Court/Privy Council's claim to be merely “correcting” (rather than substantively reforming) the law of secondary liability should be rejected. Doing so would make more critical a question that was side-stepped in Jogee and Ruddock, namely whether this reform should have been undertaken by the judiciary, rather than the legislature.
Fundamental rate-loss trade-off for the quantum internet
Authors: Azuma Koji , Mizutani Akihiro , Lo Hoi-Kwong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe quantum internet holds promise for achieving quantum communication—such as quantum teleportation and quantum key distribution (QKD)—freely between any clients all over the globe, as well as for the simulation of the evolution of quantum many-body systems. The most primitive function of the quantum internet is to provide quantum entanglement or a secret key to two points efficiently, by using intermediate nodes connected by optical channels with each other. Here we derive a fundamental rate-loss trade-off for a quantum internet protocol, by generalizing the Takeoka–Guha–Wilde bound to be applicable to any network topology. This trade-off has essentially no scaling gap with the quantum communication efficiencies of protocols known to be indispensable to long-distance quantum communication, such as intercity QKD and quantum repeaters. Our result—putting a practical but general limitation on the quantum internet—enables us to grasp the potential of the future quantum internet.
Transduction of group I mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity by β-arrestin2 signalling
Authors: Eng Andrew G. , Kelver Daniel A. , Hedrick Tristan P. , Swanson Geoffrey T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConventional signalling by the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, occurs through G-protein coupling, but evidence suggests they might also utilize other, non-canonical effector pathways. Here we test whether group I mGluRs require β-arrestin signalling during specific forms of plasticity at hippocampal excitatory synapses. We find that genetic ablation of β-arrestin2, but not β-arrestin1, results in deficits in plasticity mediated by mGlu1 receptors in CA3 pyramidal neurons and by mGlu5 receptors in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Pharmacological studies additionally support roles for Src kinases and MAPK/ERK downstream of β-arrestin2 in CA3 neurons. mGluR1 modulation of intrinsic conductances is otherwise preserved in β-arrestin2−/− mice with the exception of a rebound depolarization, and non-mGluR-mediated long-term potentiation is unaltered. These results reveal a signalling pathway engaged by group I mGluRs to effect changes in synaptic and cell intrinsic physiology dependent upon β-arrestin rather than G proteins. Pharmacological manipulation of mGluRs with effector-biased ligands could lead to novel therapies to treat neurological disease.
MicroRNA regulation of endothelial TREX1 reprograms the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Wilson RaeAnna , Espinosa-Diez Cristina , Kanner Nathan , Chatterjee Namita , Ruhl Rebecca , Hipfinger Christina , Advani Sunil J. , Li Jie , Khan Omar F. , Franovic Aleksandra , Weis Sara M. , Kumar Sushil , Coussens Lisa M. , Anderson Daniel G. , Chen Clark C. , Cheresh David A. , Anand Sudarshan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRather than targeting tumour cells directly, elements of the tumour microenvironment can be modulated to sensitize tumours to the effects of therapy. Here we report a unique mechanism by which ectopic microRNA-103 can manipulate tumour-associated endothelial cells to enhance tumour cell death. Using gain-and-loss of function approaches, we show that miR-103 exacerbates DNA damage and inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Local, systemic or vascular-targeted delivery of miR-103 in tumour-bearing mice decreased angiogenesis and tumour growth. Mechanistically, miR-103 regulation of its target gene TREX1 in endothelial cells governs the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the tumour microenvironment. Our data suggest that this inflammatory milieu may potentiate tumour cell death by supporting immune activation and inducing tumour expression of Fas and TRAIL receptors. Our findings reveal miR-mediated crosstalk between vasculature and tumour cells that can be exploited to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation.
A stable lithium-rich surface structure for lithium-rich layered cathode materials
Authors: Kim Sangryun , Cho Woosuk , Zhang Xiaobin , Oshima Yoshifumi , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLithium ion batteries are encountering ever-growing demand for further increases in energy density. Li-rich layered oxides are considered a feasible solution to meet this demand because their specific capacities often surpass 200 mAh g−1 due to the additional lithium occupation in the transition metal layers. However, this lithium arrangement, in turn, triggers cation mixing with the transition metals, causing phase transitions during cycling and loss of reversible capacity. Here we report a Li-rich layered surface bearing a consistent framework with the host, in which nickel is regularly arranged between the transition metal layers. This surface structure mitigates unwanted phase transitions, improving the cycling stability. This surface modification enables a reversible capacity of 218.3 mAh g−1 at 1C (250 mA g−1) with improved cycle retention (94.1% after 100 cycles). The present surface design can be applied to various battery electrodes that suffer from structural degradations propagating from the surface.
Simultaneous Faraday filtering of the Mollow triplet sidebands with the Cs-D1 clock transition
Authors: Portalupi Simone Luca , Widmann Matthias , Nawrath Cornelius , Jetter Michael , Michler Peter , Wrachtrup Jörg , Gerhardt Ilja 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHybrid quantum systems integrating semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and atomic vapours become important building blocks for scalable quantum networks due to the complementary strengths of individual parts. QDs provide on-demand single-photon emission with near-unity indistinguishability comprising unprecedented brightness—while atomic vapour systems provide ultra-precise frequency standards and promise long coherence times for the storage of qubits. Spectral filtering is one of the key components for the successful link between QD photons and atoms. Here we present a tailored Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter based on the caesium-D1 transition for interfacing it with a resonantly pumped QD. The presented Faraday filter enables a narrow-bandwidth (Δω=2π × 1 GHz) simultaneous filtering of both Mollow triplet sidebands. This result opens the way to use QDs as sources of single as well as cascaded photons in photonic quantum networks aligned to the primary frequency standard of the caesium clock transition.
Dichotomy in ultrafast atomic dynamics as direct evidence of polaron formation in manganites
Authors: Li Junjie , Yin Wei-Guo , Wu Lijun , Zhu Pengfei , Konstantinova Tatianna , Tao Jing , Yang Junjie , Cheong Sang-Wook , Carbone Fabrizio , Misewich James A , Hill John P , Wang Xijie , Cava Robert J , Zhu Yimei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolaron transport, in which electron motion is strongly coupled to the underlying lattice deformation or phonons, is crucial for understanding electrical and optical conductivities in many solids. However, little is known experimentally about the dynamics of individual phonon modes during polaron motion. It remains elusive whether polarons have a key role in materials with strong electronic correlations. Here we report the use of a new experimental technique, ultrafast MeV-electron diffraction, to quantify the dynamics of both electronic and atomic motions in the correlated LaSr2Mn2O7. Using photoexcitation to set the electronic system in motion, we find that Jahn-Teller-like O, Mn4+ and La/Sr displacements dominate the lattice response and exhibit a dichotomy in behaviour—overshoot-and-recovery for one sublattice versus normal behaviour for the other. This dichotomy, attributed to slow electronic relaxation, proves that polaron transport is a key process in doped manganites. Our technique promises to be applicable for specifying the nature of electron–phonon coupling in complex materials.
A Subset of Malignant Mesothelioma Tumors Retain Osteogenic Potential
Authors: Lansley S. M. , Pedersen B. , Robinson C. , Searles R. G. , Sterrett G. , van Bruggen I. , Lake R. A. , Mutsaers S. E. , Prêle C. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive serosal tumor associated with asbestos exposure. We previously demonstrated that mesothelial cells differentiate into cells of different mesenchymal lineages and hypothesize that osseous tissue observed in a subset of MM patients is due to local differentiation of MM cells. In this study, the capacity of human and mouse MM cells to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells was determined in vitro using a functional model of bone nodule formation and in vivo using an established model of MM. Human and murine MM cell lines cultured in osteogenic medium expressed alkaline phosphatase and formed mineralized bone-like nodules. Several human and mouse MM cell lines also expressed a number of osteoblast phenotype markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein mRNA and protein. Histological analysis of murine MM tumors identified areas of ossification within the tumor, similar to those observed in human MM biopsies. These data demonstrate the ability of MM to differentiate into another mesenchymal cell type and suggest that MM cells may contribute to the formation of the heterologous elements observed in MM tumors.
Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure, and Defense of Body Weight in Melanocortin 4 Receptor-Deficient Male Rats
Authors: Almundarij Tariq I. , Smyers Mark E. , Spriggs Addison , Heemstra Lydia A. , Beltz Lisa , Dyne Eric , Ridenour Caitlyn , Novak Colleen M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMelanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) variants contribute to human obesity, and rats lacking functional MC4R (Mc4rK314X/K314X) are obese. We investigated the hypothesis that low energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity contribute to this obese phenotype in male rats, and determined whether lack of functional MC4R conferred protection from weight loss during 50% calorie restriction. Though Mc4rK314X/K314X rats showed low brown adipose Ucp1 expression and were less physically active than rats heterozygous for the mutation (Mc4r+/K314X) or wild-type (Mc4r+/+) rats, we found no evidence of lowered EE in Mc4rK314X/K314X rats once body weight was taken into account using covariance. Mc4rK314X/K314X rats had a significantly higher respiratory exchange ratio. Compared to Mc4r+/+ rats, Mc4rK314X/K314X and Mc4r+/K314X rats lost less lean mass during calorie restriction, and less body mass when baseline weight was accounted for. Limited regional overexpression of Mc3r was found in the hypothalamus. Although lower physical activity levels in rats with nonfunctional MC4R did not result in lower total EE during free-fed conditions, rats lacking one or two functional copies of Mc4r showed conservation of mass, particularly lean mass, during energy restriction. This suggests that variants affecting MC4R function may contribute to individual differences in the metabolic response to food restriction.
Promotive effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on angiogenesis in hepatocarcinoma via multiple signal pathways
Authors: Zuo Wei-han , Zeng Peng , Chen Xi , Lu Yan-jun , Li An , Wu Jian-bin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe effects of Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on the angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not yet been observed and its molecular mechanisms is not clear. We first constructed the recombinant lentivirus vectors expressing small hairpin RNA against BMP-2 gene (LV-SH-BMP2) and the recombinant lentivirus vectors over-expressing BMP-2 (overexpression-LV-BMP2), and then the two recombinant lentivirus vectors were respectively transfected into Hep G2 cells. The Hep G2 cells transfected with LV-SH-BMP2 or overexpression-LV-BMP2 were respectively co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to observe the effects of BMP-2 on HUVECs. The effect of BMP-2 on tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined. The abilities of proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were significantly inhibited in the HUVECs co-cultured with BMP-2 knockdown Hep G2 (all P < 0.05), but significantly enhanced in the HUVECs co-cultured with BMP-2 overexpression Hep G2 (all P < 0.05). MVD was significantly increased in overexpression-LV-BMP2-transfected Hep G2 tumor, but decreased in LV-SH-BMP2-transfected Hep G2 tumors. The protein expressions of VEGF, p-P38, p-ERK, p-AKT, p-m-TOR were significantly increased after BMP-2 over-expression, or significantly decreased after BMP-2 knockdown (all P < 0.05). These results reveal that BMP-2 can enhance HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis through P38, ERK and Akt/m-TOR pathway.