bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of pelvic infective osteomyelitis in children: current state of evidence
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Barik Sitanshu , Garg Varun , Raj Vikash , Arora Shobha S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Musculoskeletal infection of pelvis can be confused with septic arthritis of the hip, irritable hip, sacroiliitis, and spondylodiscitis in the initial period. This study aimed to present the complete clinical picture of pelvic infective osteomyelitis (PIO) in children along with its natural course. Two researchers independently used PubMed and Scopus electronic databases for the literature review. This review includes all studies reporting PIO in the pediatric age group. The final inclusion of 11 eligible studies was done. A total of 277 patients were analyzed from the included studies with the majority of males (158/242, 65.2%). Hip and groin pain (147/195, 75.3%) and limp (155/249, 62.2%) were the common presenting symptoms. Increased systemic temperature (83/103, 80.5%) and localized tenderness at the hip joint area (90/121, 74.3%) were among the commonest signs. Magnetic resonance imaging was an investigation of choice for diagnosis (89/93, 95.6%). Blood culture showed growth in 47.6% (119/250) patients with Staphylococcus aureus (83/102, 81.3%) being the most common isolated organism. Treatment with sensitive antibiotics was the mainstay of management with surgery for debridement or biopsy being required in only 16.1% (23/142) of the patients. PIO in children is a rare condition mimicking several other disease processes affecting the neighboring tissues the diagnosis of which gets limited in low-resource settings. Further prospective clinical studies are the need of the hour to validate the guideline proposed. Explorative studies to define a clinical scoring system to differentiate septic arthritis of the hip from PIO may be considered.
From Workfare to Economic and Sociopolitical Stability? Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Eastern Congo
Authors: Brandily Paul , Mvukiyehe Eric , Smets Lodewijk , van der Windt Peter , Verpoorten Marijke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Did a workfare program in Eastern Congo have a lasting impact on economic and sociopolitical outcomes? Men and women in Eastern Congo were randomly assigned to 2,674 four-month job offers, or to the job offer plus a savings incentive, hard-skills training, or both. Eighteen months after the program, labor market and savings outcomes have improved, but there is no change across 12 other economic and sociopolitical outcome families. Regarding labor market outcomes, the most intensive treatment—the job offer plus the savings incentive and hard-skills training—outperforms treatments with only one add-on. This indicates that the savings incentive and hard-skills training, when combined, can create a synergistic impact greater than the sum of their individual effects. The results are mainly driven by female beneficiaries, who start at much lower levels of labor market participation and earnings than men.
First Report of Robbsia andropogonis Causing Bacterial Blight of Danae racemosa (Poet's Laurel) in a Virginia Ornamental Nursery
Authors: Bily Devin , Gyatso Tashi , Alcaine Sofia 
Published: October 2024

Danae racemosa (L.) Moench (Asparagaceae, Monocots) is a shade-tolerant, evergreen shrub native to Persia. On 2 July 2024 in Hanover County, Virginia, 300 plants in 7.6-liter containers were observed with blotchy, rust-colored, water-soaked lesions on the cladophylls and stems. Heavy bacterial streaming was observed from the lesions under the microscope, and sterilized tissue was cultured on King's B medium at 22 ± 2°C. After 72 h, cream-colored colonies developed that were oxidase and gram negative and did not produce fluorescent pigments on King's B medium. PCR amplification and sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA, gyrB, and rpoD genes from strain GS24-DSB16 were deposited into the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database (PQ181184, PQ182786, and PQ182787, respectively). Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the causal agent was identified as Robbsia andropogonis (Smith) Lopes-Santos et al. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by wounding 20 cladophylls from each plant with a sterile needle, and 10 μl of an aqueous bacterial suspension was pipetted onto each wound. R. andropogonis has a wide global distribution from a host range spanning >15 plant families, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, coffee, carnation, and bougainvillea. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the bacteria causing blight on D. racemosa and the first host in Asparagaceae.
Reproductive life and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in women: reciprocal influences on their respective outcome
Authors: Costante Giuseppe , Kyrilli Aglaia , Poppe Kris 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
To analyze the reciprocal influences between female reproductive life and DTC management.

Recent findings
Data on pregnancy outcome in DTC patients indicate that after conceiving, these women may need an increased L-T4 dose to maintain suppressed serum TSH levels. Nevertheless, this does not determine major harm in terms of pregnancy outcome. Analogously, the most recent findings obtained with the propensity score matching approach have confirmed that pregnancy does not significantly affect DTC clinical course and eventually tumor prognosis. A recent metanalysis and a large case–control study excluded a significant effect of radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) on several reproductive variables in DTC patients, providing reassuring evidence that the current recommendations on RAIT for women of childbearing age are sufficiently well tolerated and do not affect fertility nor pregnancy rate. Nonetheless, it seems reasonable to recommend special attention for older than 35 years women requiring higher RAIT activities.

Summary
Overall, the most recent studies have provided sufficiently reassuring evidence that the occurrence of pregnancy and DTC management are of no reciprocal harm for adverse outcome in affected women of childbearing age. Thus, female DTC patients should be managed according to the individual response to treatment before pregnancy. When DTC diagnosis is made after conception, delaying surgery does not represent a harm in most patients.
EUS–derived maximum tumor thickness and tumor shrinkage rate as independent prognostic factors in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chen Xue , Chen Xi , Bao Yu , Zhang Wei , Jiang Li , Zhu Jie , Wang Yi , Wu Lei , Wan Gang , Peng Lin , Han Yongtao , Leng Xuefeng , Wang Qifeng , Zhao Rui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives
EUS–derived maximum tumor thickness (MTT) pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) indicates treatment response. However, the accuracy of predicting long-term survival remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between EUS-derived MTT pre- and post-NCRT and tumor shrinkage rate as well as long-term survival in patients with LA-ESCC receiving NCRT.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients with LA-ESCC who underwent EUS examination from 2017 to 2021. Tumor shrinkage rate was the ratio of the difference between pre- and post-MTT to pre-MTT. The most fitted cutoff values were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Data from another center were also used for external validation testing.

Results
Two hundred thirty patients were enrolled. Of the patients, 178 completed the first EUS pre-NCRT and obtained pre-MTT, 200 completed the reexamined EUS post-NCRT and obtained post-MTT, and 148 completed both EUS and achieved tumor shrinkage. For all the patients, the 1- and 3-year OS rates were 93.9% and 67.9%, and progression-free survival rates were 77.7% and 54.1%, respectively. The median follow-up period was 30.6 months. Thinner post-MTT (≤8.8 mm) and EUS responder (tumor shrinkage rate ≥52%) were independently associated with better OS.

Conclusions
EUS–derived MTT and tumor shrinkage post-NCRT are independent prognostic factors for long-term survival and may be an alternative method for evaluating tumor response in patients with LA-ESCC after NCRT.
Contraceptive Use and Its Associations With Social Determinants of Health Among Young Adults
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Shristi , Maness Sarah B. , Allen Julie Ober , Cheney Marshall K. , Peck B. Mitchell , Lu Yu 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Nonuse and inconsistent use of contraception in young adults can result in undesired pregnancies. Prior research on contraceptive use has primarily focused on individual influences such as attitudes, beliefs, and skills related to contraceptive use, with little consideration of the social and economic determinants.

Objective:
This study explored domains from the Healthy People 2030 Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework and examined their cross-sectional associations with young adults’ self-reported contraceptive use (ie, any use in the past year and consistent use of contraception).

Methods:
Eleven measures related to 5 SDH domains were extracted from the Add Health dataset collected from 2001 to 2002 (Wave III). The final sample included 11,172 youth with a mean age of 21.88 years (SD: 1.84) and was 53.8% female.

Results:
Measures associated with the past year’s use of contraceptives included non-poverty status, employment, housing instability, high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, English language spoken at home, experience of civic participation, and access to primary care. For consistent use of contraception, associated measures were participants’ non-poverty status, employment, high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, English language spoken at home, experience of civic participation, incarceration, and access to health care.

Conclusions:
Interventions that address social determinants of health can potentially promote contraceptive use.
Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for The Prevention and Treatment of Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (Version 2024)
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Zeng Qinglei , Ji Fanpu , Ren Hong , Zhang Wenhong , Li Lanjuan , Zhao Yingren ,   Infectious Diseases Physicians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, developed by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association in 2019, serves as a valuable reference for standardizing the process of preventing mother-to-child transmission in China. As new evidence emerges, it is crucial that timely and regular updates are made to the clinical practice guidelines so as to optimize guidance for clinical practice and research. To this end, the Infectious Disease Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, have updated the guidelines based on the latest domestic and international research advancements and clinical practice, in order to provide guidance and reference for clinicians and maternal and child healthcare workers.

Guideline registration:
International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (PREPARE-2023CN171).
The Effect of Grasp Reflex Stimulation on Pain During Vaccine Administration
Authors: Koç Elif Simay , Kadiroğlu Türkan 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The administration of vaccination, being an invasive procedure, can induce considerable pain in preterm infants.

Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of grasp reflex stimulation on pain and crying time during hepatitis B vaccine administration in infants.

Methods:
This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted between November 1, 2022, and April 1, 2023, at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Turkey. The study included preterm infants whose parents provided both verbal and written consent. The control group (n = 31) underwent a routine vaccination procedure, while the experimental group (n = 28) underwent grasp reflex stimulation in addition to the routine vaccination procedure. Data were collected through the infant information form, stopwatch, and Premature Infant Pain Profile Scale-Revised (PIPP-R) form.

Results:
The mean PIPP-R score during the procedure was 11.67 ± 2.05 in the experimental group and 15.51 ± 1.36 in the control group (P ≤ .001). After the procedure, the mean PIPP-R score was 10.89 ± 2.06 in the experimental group and 14.67 ± 1.55 in the control group (P ≤ .001). The mean duration of crying was 19.57 ± 6.17 in the experimental group and 27.12 ± 6.19 in the control group (P ≤ .001). The mean PIPP-R and crying time of the control group were higher.

Conclusion:
Grasp reflex stimulation applied to preterm infants during vaccine administration decreased pain and crying time during and after the procedure. Grasp reflex stimulation can be applied as a care approach for procedures that may cause pain in infants and may help calm infants as part of pain management in nursing.

Implications for practice and research:
The results of this study provide new information to the literature regarding the impact of grasp reflex stimulation on pain and the duration of crying induced by the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of grasping reflex stimulation in hepatitis B vaccine administration in preterm infants. This study may contribute to future evidence-based studies. Grasping reflex stimulation can be tried as a parent-provided intervention in younger or older infants or in those who are critically ill.
Hospital-Level Variation in COVID-19 Treatment Among Hospitalized Adults in the United States
Authors: Alexander G. Caleb , Garibaldi Brian T. , An Huijun , Andersen Kathleen M. , Robinson Matthew L. , Wang Kunbo , Xu Yanxun , Betz Joshua F. , Wu Albert W. , Fisher Arielle , Egloff Shanna A. , Sands Kenneth E. , Mehta Hemalkumar B. 
Published: October 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To characterize variation in dexamethasone and remdesivir use over time among hospitals.

Background:
Little is known about hospital-level variation in COVID-19 drug treatments in a large and diverse network in the United States.

Methods:
We selected individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 across 163 hospitals between February 23, 2020 and October 31, 2021 from using the HCA CHARGE, an electronic health record repository from a network of community health care facilities in the United States. We quantified receipt of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and combined use of dexamethasone and remdesivir during the hospital stay. We used 2-level logistic regression models to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at the hospital level, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. The ICC shows the proportion of total variation in drug use accounted for by hospitals.

Results:
Among 161,667 individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, 73.0% were treated with dexamethasone, 49.1% with remdesivir, and 45.0% with both dexamethasone and remdesivir. The proportion of variation in dexamethasone use was 12.7% (adjusted ICC: 0.127), 8.5% for remdesivir, and 11.3% for combined drug use, indicating low interhospital variation. In the fully adjusted models, between-facility variation in dexamethasone use declined from 34.1% in February–March 2020 to 11.3% in January–March 2021 and then increased to 17.3% in July–October 2021. The variation in remdesivir use remained relatively stable during the study period.

Conclusions:
During the first 2 years of the pandemic, there was relatively consistent use of dexamethasone and remdesivir across the hospitals examined. Consistent adoption and implementation of treatment guidelines across the hospitals examined may have led to a decrease in variation in drug usage over time.
Metabolic Pathways Associated With Obesity and Hypertension in Black Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Brewster Glenna S. , Houser Madelyn C. , Yang Irene , Pelkmans Jordan , Higgins Melinda , Tower-Gilchrist Cristy , Wells Jessica , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Jones Dean , B. Dunbar Sandra , Carlson Nicole 
Published: October 2024

Background
In the United States, Black adults have the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension, increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality. Caregivers of persons with dementia are also at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to the demands of providing care. Thus, Black caregivers—who are the second largest group of caregivers of persons with dementia in the United States—have the highest risks for poor health outcomes among all caregivers. However, the physiological changes associated with multiple chronic conditions in Black caregivers are poorly understood.

Objectives
In this study, metabolomics were compared to the metabolic profiles of Black caregivers with obesity, with or without hypertension. Our goal was to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways that could be targeted to reduce obesity and hypertension rates in this group.

Methods
High-resolution, untargeted metabolomic assays were performed on plasma samples from 26 self-identified Black caregivers with obesity, 18 of whom had hypertension. Logistic regression and pathway analyses were employed to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways differentiating caregivers with obesity only and caregivers with both obesity and hypertension.

Results
Key metabolic pathways discriminating caregivers with obesity only and caregivers with obesity and hypertension were butanoate and glutamate metabolism, fatty acid activation/biosynthesis, and the carnitine shuttle pathway. Metabolites related to glutamate metabolism in the butanoate metabolism pathway were more abundant in caregivers with hypertension, while metabolites identified as butyric acid/butanoate and R-(3)-hydroxybutanoate were less abundant. Caregivers with hypertension also had lower levels of several unsaturated fatty acids.

Discussion
In Black caregivers with obesity, multiple metabolic features and pathways differentiated among caregivers with and without hypertension. If confirmed in future studies, these findings would support ongoing clinical monitoring and culturally tailored interventions focused on nutrition (particularly polyunsaturated fats and animal protein), exercise, and stress management to reduce the risk of hypertension in Black caregivers with obesity.
Prophylactic Local Antibiotics for Tissue Expansion (PLATE) Improve Breast Reconstruction Outcomes
Authors: Clark Robert Craig , Cevallos Priscila , Dadpey Benyamin , Yessaillian Andrea , Turner Elizabeth , Kang Augustine , Thornton Brian , Nazerali Rahim , Reid Chris M. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Infection following tissue expander (TE) breast reconstruction is frequent and impactful. Preliminary reports demonstrate value of local antibiotic delivery for implant salvage and prophylactic potential. Herein is a multi-institutional retrospective study employing surgeon-crafted tobramycin-vancomycin PMMA plates (PLATE) during TE implantation for infection prophylaxis. The authors hypothesized the intervention would be associated with fewer infections compared to historical practice.

Methods:
In 2021, surgeons at three institutions began independently offering PLATE for primary TE breast reconstructions. After independent IRB approvals, data were retrospectively collected for PLATE subjects and pre-intervention cohorts of equivalent sizes. Subjects were followed for seven months, or to second stage removal. The primary outcome, complication requiring readmission/reoperation, was compared between aggregated cohorts. Analysis included logistic modeling and Kaplan-Meyer survival.

Results:
The aggregate sample included 183 intervention subjects (292 breasts) and 183 controls (301 breasts), each with 5+/-2-month follow-up. Overall, complications were significantly less frequent with PLATE (13.1% vs 21.9%, p<0.01*). This was driven by significantly fewer infections (4.8% vs 12.6%, p<0.01*) with no difference in rates of tissue necrosis, seroma, or other complications (p>0.05). In multivariable regression, the intervention was associated with significantly reduced odds of any complication (OR=0.53, 95%CI: [0.3-0.93]) and infection (OR=0.22, 95%CI: [0.08-0.50]). Kaplan-Meyer curves demonstrated significant longitudinal reduction in complication and infection (p<0.01*) without notable rebound throughout dissipation of the antibiotic eluent.

Conclusion:
Prophylactic employment of intraoperatively-crafted PLATE during TE implantation was associated with significant infection reduction without increase in local or systemic complications. This reproducible tool may be highly valuable in alloplastic breast reconstruction.
Impact of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution on the incidence and manifestation of depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Brandt Lasse , Luykx Jurjen J. , Dom Geert 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution present a major threat to health. Although emphasis has been put on physical health impacts, evidence on the mental health consequences is now also accumulating quickly. Given the rapid developments in the field, this article provides an expert opinion on the emerging research.

Recent findings
Umbrella reviews are adding more high-level evidence on the associations of environmental crises and mental health. Individual studies are focusing on specific aspects of environmental crises and mental health, shedding light on potential direct links between climate change and mental health. Further studies are aiming to quantify individual burden and societal cost of the environmental crises and mental health nexus and to identify those most at risk for negative mental health outcomes. Many studies focus on eco-emotions, attempting to characterize them further, provide tools for quantification, and to determine their effect on functioning.

Summary
Although the accumulating research on the impacts of environmental change on depression and anxiety is filling important knowledge gaps, important questions remain for example, concerning the risk factors for the development of mental health disorders caused by ecological crises, tailored preventive strategies, and concerning the effects of biodiversity loss on mental health. Health systems need to further develop responses to these environmental crises.