bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Serum Calcium Levels in Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Rashid Bushra , Richard Mariam Malik , LNU Gul-E-Rana 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Pre-eclampsia remains the most threatening obstetric complication in Pakistan, resulting in high fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Etiology of pre-eclampsia is not still clearly established. Association of low serum calcium levels with pre-eclampsia may be a factor in poorly nourished women, and some preventive measures may help to reduce the burden of disease.

Objective
To compare mean serum calcium levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women at third trimester of gestation.

Study design
Cross-sectional study.

Place and duration of study
The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit-1, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from July 2012 to July 2013.

Methodology
Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. One hundred each in case and control group. History and examination performed. Proteinuria was checked by dip stick methods. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken to determine mean serum calcium levels of both the groups. Oral calcium supplementation was analyzed through stratification. Data was analyzed through SPSS by applying student's t test and calculating p-value.

Results
The mean serum calcium levels of the case group were 8.313 ± 0.377 while that of control group were 9.40 ± 0.427 with p-value 0.016. With increasing proteinuria (determined by dipstick method) and so the severity of pre-eclampsia, a gradual fall in serum calcium levels was observed.

Conclusion
Serum calcium levels in pre-eclamptic pregnant women are lower than in normal pregnant women and so hypocalcemia is associated with pre-eclampsia.

How to cite this article
Rashid B, Richard MM, Gul-E-Rana. Low Serum Calcium Levels in Pre-eclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):126-129.
Oral Clindamycin to prevent Preterm Birth: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial in South India
Authors: Bellad MB , Chalasani Pallavi , Ganachari Madiwalayya S , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Sloan Nancy L , Hoffman Matthew K , Derman Richard J 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Clindamycin is the only antibiotic shown effective, in a single study conducted in the United Kingdom, to prevent preterm birth, the leading cause of neonatal mortality. The study objective was to confirm whether oral clindamycin reduces preterm birth by two-thirds in women with vaginal pH > five in a developing country.

Materials and Methods
All women presenting to antenatal care were screened for study eligibility. Two hundred and ten consenting women were randomized at 13 to 17 weeks gestation in this double-blind randomized trial to 300 mg oral clindamycin twice daily for 5 days or an identical placebo at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India. Outcomes were assessed using Chi-square and Student's t-tests.

Results
Twelve women lost to follow-up and three women with unexpected multiple gestation were excluded from analysis. The study group characteristics (n = 100 clindamycin, n = 95 placebo) were similar. The incidence of birth <37 and <34 weeks were 12.0 and 6.0% in the clindamycin compared with 24.2 and 14.7% in the placebo groups (p = 0.026 and p = 0.044, respectively).

Conclusion
Gestational infection accounts for ~40% of preterm births. This is the first confirmation of the only published trial demonstrating that oral clindamycin provided to women with vaginal pH > 5.0 early in gestation substantially reduces preterm birth.

How to cite this article
Bellad MB, Chalasani P, Ganachari MS, Goudar SS, Sloan NL, Hoffman MK, Derman RJ. Oral Clindamycin to prevent Preterm Birth: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial in South India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):191-196.
Mono Fetal Demise in Twin Gestation and Outcome
Authors: Sinduja TP , Sadique Nazira , LNU Pavithra 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present two cases of dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin and one monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin during their third trimester with single intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and their outcomes. These cases were not found to be associated with any of the high-risk factor for fetal demise in twin like abruption placenta, velamentous insertion of cord or cord entanglement.1 Between the DCDA twins, one case developed coagulation disorder, the other case developed acute fatty liver of pregnancy after 2 weeks of diagnosing IUFD and emergency termination was done. Whereas the MCDA twin showed, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) changes in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and emergency termination of pregnancy was done.

How to cite this article
Sinduja TP, Sadique N, Pavithra. Mono Fetal Demise in Twin Gestation and Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):199-201.
Labial Adhesion in Adult Female
Authors: Ghose Seetesh , Pallavee P , Begum Jasmina , John Lopamudra B , Samal Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA 23 years old female presented to gynecological outpatient department (OPD) with complain of passing urine and menstrual blood through a single small opening for 5 years. On examination, she had well developed secondary sex characters but fused labia minora with a single pinpoint opening through which she was passing both urine and menstrual blood. Radiological investigation revealed normal female genital tract. So, the case was diagnosed as labial fusion and surgically treated as medical management failed.How to cite this articleGhose S, Pallavee P, Begum J, John LB, Samal SK. Labial Adhesion in Adult Female. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):207-209.
Transabdominal Ultrasound-guided Follicular Aspiration in Case of Müllerian Anomaly with Ovarian Malposition
Authors: Mishra Vineet V , Goyal Preeti A 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To describe the approach of transabdominal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval in a patient of müllerian anomaly and ovarian malposition.

Setting
A tertiary referral reproductive medicine unit.

Patient
A 23-year-old patient with müllerian anomaly (right unicornuate with left rudimentary horn uterus) and ovarian malposition.

Intervention
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, transabdominal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval.

Main outcome measure
Total and mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, embryo number and quality.

Result
Five oocytes were retrieved transabdominally using percutaneous needle puncture under ultrasound guidance.

Conclusion
In in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols, patients with müllerian anomaly with inaccessible ovaries vaginally, transabdominal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration is a safe and efficacious alternative technique for oocyte retrieval.

How to cite this article
Mishra VV, Choudhary S, Goyal PA, Aggarwal R. Transabdominal Ultrasound-guided Follicular Aspiration in Case of Müllerian Anomaly with Ovarian Malposition. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):213-215.
Intensive Care Management of Prostodin-induced Acute Pulmonary Edema in a Parturient
Authors: Chanu Sairem Mangolnganbi , Panda Subrat , Maurya Indubala 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Pulmonary edema in parturient can be because of various reasons. Parturients are at risk of pulmonary edema because of the physiological changes. Here, we report successful management of a case of pulmonary edema caused by prostodin (Carboprost) given within a maximal dose limit. Prostodin acts as a smooth muscle stimulant and is a recognized second-line agent for use in the management of postpartum uterine atony unresponsive to oxytocin/ergometrine. It may induce pulmonary edema but rare in limited doses. However, vigilant monitoring and timely intensive care management helped us successfully to manage the case.

How to cite this article
Chanu SM, Dey S, Panda S, Maurya I. Intensive Care Management of Prostodin-induced Acute Pulmonary Edema in a Parturient. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):218-219.
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome with Rare Findings of Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia and Ovarian Serous Cystadenoma
Authors: Inam Lubna 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome occurs in one of 4,000 to 5,000 female births and is characterized by normal development of secondary sexual, congenital aplasia of uterus and upper part (2/3) of vagina, and normal fallopian tubes and ovaries. Therefore, individuals with MRKH syndrome are at normal risk of developing ovarian neoplasms.
We report a case of 19 years old unmarried female who was admitted to the hospital with pain in lower abdomen for 7 months. She was having primary amenorrhea. Gynecological examination revealed a blind vaginal pouch. Rectal examination revealed a large left-sided 8 cm cystic mass which was mobile with a smooth surface. Uterus was not palpable. Phenotypic sex was female. Breast development, axillar and pubic hair development were normal. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography showed left-sided crossed fused renal ectopia and a heterogeneous hypoechoic cystic mass with dense internal echoes on left-side. Uterus was not visualized. Intravenous pyelography also confirmed the finding of left-sided crossed fused renal ectopia. At laparotomy, a 10 × 8 cm cystic hemorrhagic ovarian mass with a single twist of pedicle was found, with a normal right ovary and bilateral tubes. A small hypoplastic unicornuate uterus was present. Cervix was absent. Left-sided Salpingo-oophorectomy was done and tissue was sent for histopathology, which revealed ovarian serous cyst adenoma.
All patients with vaginal agenesis must be regarded primarily as a MRKH syndrome and they must be investigated to establish whether there were any associated congenital anomalies.

How to cite this article
Asnani M, Srivastava K, Inam L, Kunwar S. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome with Rare Findings of Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia and Ovarian Serous Cystadenoma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):220-222.
Acute Abdomen, Primary Amenorrhea, Juvenile Hypothyroidism: A Rare Combination
Authors: Pushpalatha B , Potluri Radhika , Lakshmi Vasantha , Seshadri Krishna G , Sireesha PSNRS 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Ovarian cysts are common causes for gynecological surgery. Juvenile hypothyroidism, multiple large ovarian cysts causing acute abdomen and primary amenorrhea are infrequently reported and not widely recognized. We report a case of a 21-year-old lady who presented with juvenile hypothyroidism, primary amenorrhea, multiple cystic ovary and raised thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels. After thyroid replacement, regression of TSH, FSH levels and cyst size were noted. Laparotomy done in view of torsion of ovary, histopathology (HPE) revealed multicystic ovary. This case was reported for its unusual presentation of hypothyroidism leading to torsion ovary.

How to cite this article
Pushpalatha B, Potluri R, Lakshmi V, Seshadri KG, Sireesha PSNRS. Acute Abdomen, Primary Amenorrhea, Juvenile Hypothyroidism: A Rare Combination. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):236-239.
Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Agarwal R , Sharma E , Khateja R , Suneja A , Sharma A 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundAbdominal pregnancy has been defined as an implantation in the peritoneal cavity, exclusive of tubal, ovarian or intraligamentary pregnancy which further classified in primary and secondary abdominal pregnancy. Abdominal pregnancy is a rare event but it represents a grave risk to the health of the pregnant woman.CaseA 32 years old multigravida presented at 16 weeks of pregnancy with complaints of pain in right iliac fossa since 4 days. Vaginal examination revealed a 12 weeks size uterus with an right adenexal mass. Sonography showed intrauterine placentation with dead fetus lying outside the uterus in the right fornix. On laparotomy, diagnosis of secondary abdominal pregnancy made and managed accordingly.ConclusionA high suspicion of abdominal pregnancy is to be kept in obstetrician mind because of its various presentation. Early diagnosis and management is required in this lifethreatening condition. A combine approach of clinical as well as diagnostic technique is indicated.How to cite this articleSharma E, Khateja R, Agarwal R, Suneja A, Sharma A. Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy: A Rare Presentation. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3): 243-244.
Topical Nitroglycerin for Osteoporosis: Old Drug New Application
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Singh Omkar , Agrawal Prabhat 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by a decrease in the bone mass and density, which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. Multiple treatments have been formulated for it like calcium, vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, raloxifene, hormone replacement therapies, teriparatide and calcitonin. However, all of these have their own shortcomings. Topical nitroglycerin is a cost-effective, novel medication that not only increases bone formation but also decreases its resorption, and also has the potential to decrease vertebral fractures more than that provided by the existing treatments. Therefore, it could be the answer to the need of an efficacious, cost-effective, affordable, safe and a convenient form of therapy for the prevention of post-menopausal bone loss and osteoporosis as a whole. Therefore, we recommend that individuals with osteoporosis be treated with topical nitroglycerin ointment (15 mg/day).

How to cite this article
Malhotra J, Garg R, Agrawal P, Agarwal A, Singh O. Topical Nitroglycerin for Osteoporosis: Old Drug New Application. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):1-3.
Oral Misoprostol vs Intravenous Oxytocin Infusion for Induction of Labor in Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Sharma Rajyashri 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the efficacy, side effects and safety of oral misoprostol to intravenous oxytocin infusion for induction of labor in prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM).

Materials and methods
Two hundred and sixty-six women of prelabor rupture of membranes were assigned to receive either oral misoprostol 100 μg 6 hourly to a maximum 3 doses (misoprostol group, n = 142), or escalating doses of oxytocin infusion up to 20 mIU/min in primigravida and up to 10 mIU/min in multigravida (oxytocin group, n = 114).

Results
Demographic characteristics were similar in both the groups. The difference in mean induction to delivery interval (8.2 ± 6 hours in misoprostol group vs 12.2 ± 6 hours in oxytocin group) was statistically significant when two groups were compared. The incidence of vaginal delivery (86.1% in misoprostol group vs 84.2% in oxytocin group), and cesarean delivery (13.9% in misoprostol group vs 15.8% in oxytocin group), was almost similar in both the groups. The indication of cesarean delivery was dystocia (40% in misoprostol group vs 67% in oxytocin group), and fetal distress (60% in misoprostol group vs 33% in oxytocin group) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Maternal and neonatal safety outcomes were similar for the two treatments.

Conclusion
Oral misoprostol in prelabor rupture of membrane have almost similar results as intravenous oxytocin in safety, efficacy and side effects except induction delivery interval, which is less in misoprostol group.

How to cite this article
Anjum S, Sharma R. Oral Misoprostol vs Intravenous Oxytocin Infusion for Induction of Labor in Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):4-7.
Association between ABO and Rh Blood Groups and Pregnancy-induced Hypertensive Disorders
Authors: Sinha Mridu , Maheshwari Sonam 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To find out if there is any association between ABO and Rh blood groups and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) disorders, i.e. gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia (E).

Materials and methods
This was a 4-year retrospective study from Jan 2010 to Jan 2014, of all admitted primigravidas with singleton deliveries diagnosed with GH, PE or E. Using Chisquare test and multinomial logistic regression, association and relative risk with 95% confidence interval of pregnancyinduced hypertensive disorders with different blood groups were observed respectively.

Results
It was observed that pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders are significantly associated with blood groups (p = 0.017). Primigravidas with AB blood group have about five times higher risk of developing eclampsia and blood group A has 50% more chance of developing pre-eclampsia when compared to blood group O. However, no association was found between PIH and RhD group.

Conclusion
Our findings in Indian population are consistent with other studies done so far. This may help us to improve the understanding of etiology of gestational hypertensive disorders, which will further predict the prognosis and decide the management guidelines. Thus, attention should be given to primigravidas with AB blood group to prevent complications of PIH and improve the prognosis.

How to cite this article
Sinha M, Maheshwari S, Gupta P. Association between ABO and Rh Blood Groups and Pregnancy-induced Hypertensive Disorders. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):8-12.
Effectiveness of Breast Massage on Expression of Breast Milk among Mothers of Neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Viswanath Lekha , Divya A , Philip Anju 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Massaging the breast may help a postnatal mother to improve breast milk production, alleviate breast engorgement and facilitate breast milk expression. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of breast massage on breast milk expression in terms of volume of breast milk expressed, pain during breast milk expression and experience of breast milk expression among mothers of neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Materials and methods
The quasi-experimental study was conducted among 30 postnatal mothers whose babies were admitted in NICU, selected as a sample of convenience. The design used was time series research design. After the pretest, breast massage was taught to the mothers by the investigator. Breast massage was performed for 10 minutes prior to each expression. The practice of breast massage and breast milk expression is observed by the investigator using a checklist during the next expression. Volume of breast milk expressed and pain during breast milk expression were assessed three times before and after the intervention using a standardized measuring cup and numerical pain scale respectively. The experience of breast milk expression was assessed before and after intervention using breast milk expression experience measure. Analysis was done using mean, frequency, percentage and paired t-test.

Major findings
The results show that the mean pretest volume of milk expressed in milliliters was 7.33 ± 4.86, which increased to 15.56 ± 8.38 (t = 4.22, p = 0.001) after the intervention. The mean pretest pain score was 7.50 ± 1.42 which decreased to 5.01 ± 1.37 (t = 11.73, p = 0.001) after the intervention. The experience of breast milk expression in post-test 37.6 ± 3.88 was significantly higher than pretest 28.4 ± 4.73 (t = 11.25, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The study findings conclude that the breast massage is effective in increasing the volume of expressed breast milk, reducing the pain during breast milk expression and improving the experience of breast milk expression.

How to cite this article
Divya A, Viswanath L, Philip A. Effectiveness of Breast Massage on Expression of Breast Milk among Mothers of Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):21-24.
Gender Determination by Isolation of Cell-free Fetal DNA from the Maternal Circulation
Authors: Mohammed Nuruddin , Nuruddin Rozina , Hoodbhoy Zahra 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Early identification of fetal gender is important in management of X-linked and other metabolic disorders. Since ultrasound may not predict gender accurately during the first trimester, noninvasive fetal gender determination using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification has been proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of noninvasive prenatal gender determination by examining cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) from maternal plasma.

Materials and methods
Blood samples were collected from 49 pregnant women of gestational ages ranging from 12 to 41 weeks. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from maternal plasma using a QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the male specific DNA marker sex-determining region Y (SRY).

Results
From a total of 49 subjects, fetal gender was correctly determined in 13 out of 14 male fetuses and 32 out of 35 female fetuses, giving an overall accuracy of 92%. The sensitivity and specificity of the test to detect male fetuses was 93 and 91% respectively. There were three false-positive cases and one false-negative case.

Conclusion
Identification of fetal gender from maternal plasma using real-time PCR technique is feasible in a developing country, like Pakistan, and appears to be a promising tool for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.

How to cite this article
Mohammed N, Nuruddin R, Hoodbhoy Z. Gender Determination by Isolation of Cell-free Fetal DNA from the Maternal Circulation. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):29-32.
Partograph: A Tool yet to be utilized Properly
Authors: Halder Mita , Ghosh Rajmohan , Goswami Sebanti 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
We have come through a long time since the partograph has been introduced and endorsed by World Health Organization (WHO) for the monitoring of the progress of labor. The aim of the present study was to review the status of its usage in the tertiary center and find out the reasons behind its irregular implementation.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, from January to June 2015. The case sheets of 6250 women admitted in active labor in the labor room was included in the study. A structured questionnaire was given to all the doctors and nursing staff who were on labor room duty in different shifts to enquire about the reasons behind the irregular and incomplete usage of partograph.

Results
Out of the 6250 case sheets studied partograph was done, only in 507 (8.11%) of cases and out of these it was correctly and completely done only in 40.03% cases. The reasons behind the lack of proper utilization were shortage of staff and negative attitude.

Conclusion
In spite of the fact that the importance of the role of partograph has been proved beyond doubt by the evidencebased studies, the proper utilization is yet to reach a standard.

How to cite this article
Halder M, Ghosh R, Goswami S. Partograph: A Tool yet to be Utilized Properly. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):40-43.
Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Varma Thankam , Boraiah Shashidhar 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is becoming increasingly common in tertiary care hospitals. Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy associated with complications, such as uterine rupture, uncontrollable bleeding which may lead to hysterectomy and increased maternal morbidity and mortality and subsequent infertility. Options available for treatment, such as dilatation and curettage, excision of trophoblastic tissues using laparotomy or laparoscopy, systemically administered methotrexate, and more recently uterine artery embolization. We report two such cases between 2012 and 2013 managed conservatively.

How to cite this article
Boraiah S, Varma T, Shankar K. Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):66-68.