bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine triphosphate induces P2Y2 activation and interleukin‐8 release in human esophageal epithelial cells
Authors: Wu Liping , Oshima Tadayuki , Fukui Hirokazu , Watari Jiro , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimImmune‐mediated mucosal inflammation characterized by the release of interleukin (IL)‐8 is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. ATP released by human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs) mediates the release of cytokines through P2 nucleotide receptors that are present on various cells, including HEECs. This study characterized and identified human esophageal epithelial P2 receptors that are responsible for ATP‐mediated release of IL‐8 by using a human esophageal stratified squamous epithelial model.MethodsPrimary HEECs were cultured with the use of an air‐liquid interface (ALI) system. The ATP analogue adenosine 5′‐O‐3‐thiotriphosphate (ATP‐γ‐S) was added to the basolateral compartment, and IL‐8 release was measured. Involvement of the P2Y2 receptor was assessed with the use of selective and non‐selective receptor antagonists and a P2Y2 receptor agonist. Expression of the P2Y2 receptor was assessed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultsAdenosine triphosphate‐γ‐S induced IL‐8 release through the P2Y2 receptor. A P2Y2 receptor antagonist but not a P2X3 receptor antagonist or a P2Y1 receptor antagonist blocked ATP‐γ‐S‐mediated IL‐8 release. Conversely, a P2Y2 receptor agonist induced IL‐8 release. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of the P2Y2 receptor showed strong expression of the P2Y2 receptor on ALI‐cultured HEECs and in human esophagus. Inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase but not of protein kinase C blocked the ATP‐mediated release of IL‐8. ATP‐γ‐S induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and a P2Y2 receptor antagonist blocked this phosphorylation.ConclusionsInterleukin‐8 release after purinergic stimulation in ALI‐cultured HEECs is mediated through P2Y2 receptor activation. ATP‐induced IL‐8 release maybe involved in the pathogenesis of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Serologic antibodies in relation to outcome in postoperative Crohn's disease
Authors: Hamilton Amy L , Kamm Michael A , De Cruz Peter , Wright Emily K , Selvaraj Fabiyola , Princen Fred , Gorelik Alexandra , Liew Danny , Lawrance Ian C , Andrews Jane M , Bampton Peter A , Sparrow Miles P , Florin Timothy H , Gibson Peter R , Debinski Henry , Gearry Richard B , Macrae Finlay A , Leong Rupert W , Kronborg Ian , Radford‐Smith Graham , Selby Warwick , Bell Sally J , Brown Steven J , Connell William R 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimDisease recurs frequently after Crohn's disease resection. The role of serological antimicrobial antibodies in predicting recurrence or as a marker of recurrence has not been well defined.MethodsA total of 169 patients (523 samples) were prospectively studied, with testing peri‐operatively, and 6, 12 and 18 months postoperatively. Colonoscopy was performed at 18 months postoperatively. Serologic antibody presence (perinuclear anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody [pANCA], anti‐Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies [ASCA] IgA/IgG, anti‐OmpC, anti‐CBir1, anti‐A4‐Fla2, anti‐Fla‐X) and titer were tested. Quartile sum score (range 6–24), logistic regression analysis, and correlation with phenotype, smoking status, and endoscopic outcome were assessed.ResultsPatients with ≥ 2 previous resections were more likely to be anti‐OmpC positive (94% vs 55%, ≥ 2 vs < 2, P = 0.001). Recurrence at 18 months was associated with anti‐Fla‐X positivity at baseline (49% vs 29%; positive vs negative, P = 0.033) and 12 months (52% vs 31%, P = 0.04). Patients positive (n = 28) for all four antibacterial antibodies (anti‐CBir1, anti‐OmpC, anti‐A4‐Fla2, and anti‐Fla‐X) at baseline were more likely to experience recurrence at 18 months than patients negative (n = 32) for all four antibodies (82% vs 18%, P = 0.034; odds ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 1.16–34.9). The baseline quartile sum score for all six antimicrobial antibodies was higher in patients with severe recurrence (Rutgeert's i3‐i4) at 18 months, adjusted for clinical risk factors (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.34, P = 0.039). Smoking affected antibody status.ConclusionsAnti‐Fla‐X and presence of all anti‐bacterial antibodies identifies patients at higher risk of early postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence. Serologic screening pre‐operatively may help identify patients at increased risk of recurrence.
Potentially Avoidable Readmissions of Patients Discharged to Post‐Acute Care: Perspectives of Hospital and Skilled Nursing Facility Staff
Authors: Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Ouslander Joseph G. , Mixon Amanda S. , Bell Susan P. , Jacobsen J. Mary Lou , Saraf Avantika A. , Markley Daniel , Sponsler Kelly C. , Shutes Jill , Long Emily A. , Kripalani Sunil , Simmons Sandra F. , Schnelle John F. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundHospital readmissions from skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are common. Previous research has not examined how assessments of avoidable readmissions differ between hospital and SNF perspectives.ObjectivesTo determine the percentage of readmissions from post‐acute care that are considered potentially avoidable from hospital and SNF perspectives.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOne academic medical center and 23 SNFs.ParticipantsWe included patients from a quality improvement trial aimed at reducing hospital readmissions among patients discharged to SNFs. We included Medicare patients who were discharged to one of 23 regional SNFs between January 2013 and January 2015, and readmitted to the hospital within 30 days.MeasurementsHospital‐based physicians and SNF‐based staff performed structured root‐cause analyses (RCA) on a sample of readmissions from a participating SNF to the index hospital. RCAs reported avoidability and factors contributing to readmissions.ResultsThe 30‐day unplanned readmission rate to the index hospital from SNFs was 14.5% (262 hospital readmissions of 1,808 discharges). Of the readmissions, 120 had RCA from both the hospital and SNF. The percentage of readmissions rated as potentially avoidable was 30.0% and 13.3% according to hospital and SNF staff, respectively. Hospital and SNF ratings of potential avoidability agreed for 73.3% (88 of the 120 readmissions), but readmission factors varied between settings. Diagnostic problems and improved management of changes in conditions were the most common avoidable readmission factors by hospitals and SNFs, respectively.ConclusionA substantial percentage of hospital readmissions from SNFs are rated as potentially avoidable. The ratings and factors underlying avoidability differ between hospital and SNF staff. These data support the need for joint accountability and collaboration for future readmission reduction efforts between hospitals and their SNF partners.
Glucocorticoid Effects on Cerebellar Development in a Chicken Embryo Model: Exploring Changes in PAX6 and Metalloproteinase‐9 After Exposure to Dexamethasone
Authors: Austdal L. P. E. , Bjørnstad S. , Mathisen G. H. , Aden P. K. , Mikkola I. , Paulsen R. E. , Rakkestad K. E. 
Published: December 2016

The developing cerebellum is vulnerable to effects of glucocorticoids and cerebellar dysfunction is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. autism). Transcription factor PAX6 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) are critical for normal cerebellar development and are highly expressed in migrating neurones. Alterations in MMP‐9 and PAX6 are associated with altered cerebellar development. In the present study, we characterised the growth rate and development of the cortical layers, and further investigated how the levels of PAX6 and MMP‐9, as well as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), change in the cerebellum during the foetal period [embryonic day (E)12–21] in chicken, which corresponds to the human perinatal period. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered in ovo at E13 and E16, aiming to investigate how prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids interferes with normal development. DEX reduced foetal and cerebellar weight at E17 in a dose‐dependent manner linked to a reduced level of PCNA and, over time, down‐regulation of GR. We report that promoter activity of PAX6 and MMP‐9 increased as a result of GR‐stimulation in vitro. Prenatal DEX increased the protein level of PAX6 in a transient manner. PAX6 is reduced in mature granule neurones, and this occurred earlier in embryos exposed to DEX than in non‐exposed controls. DEX exposure also led to a slow‐onset down‐regulation of MMP‐9. Taken together, these findings indicate that excess prenatal glucocorticoid stimulation disturbs normal development of the cerebellum through mechanisms associated with reduced proliferation and accelerated maturation where PAX6 and MMP‐9 play important roles.
A new tool to improve delivery of patient‐engaged care and satisfaction in facial treatments: the Aesthetic Global Ranking Scale
Authors: Jain Ravi , Huang Peter , Ferraz Rodrigo M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundPhysicians face the challenge of individualizing aesthetic treatments in order to match the aesthetic needs of patients with their expectations.ObjectiveTo review issues underlying patient satisfaction with minimally invasive aesthetic treatment and to present a patient‐centric assessment tool (the Global Ranking Scale [GRS]) designed to set higher standards for patient consultation and treatment experience; ensure a comprehensive patient‐centric aesthetic consultation process; and raise patient satisfaction with facial rejuvenation treatment.MethodsA review of the design and content of the GRS and its use as part of the wider Galderma Harmony Program. Results of a small survey of clinicians who have switched to the GRS, and case studies of patients who have used the tool, are also presented.ResultsThe GRS is used in ~500 clinics around the world. In a small survey, physicians who have used the GRS report that it has changed the way that patients are assessed and treated. While no patient survey was conducted, anecdotal evidence suggests that patients are satisfied with the GRS procedure and the outcomes of treatment.ConclusionsThe GRS is a new patient assessment tool that is designed as a guide for clinicians to help ensure consistency in the quality of patient assessment and consultation in their clinics offering minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures. Qualitative research suggests that it gives patients a better chance to achieve results aligned with their needs resulting in a higher level of satisfaction with aesthetic treatments, but this needs to be confirmed in a formal patient survey.
Evaluation of a formal care worker educational intervention on pressure ulceration in the community
Authors: Cross Carol , Hindley Jenny , Carey Nicola 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop and evaluate an educational intervention for formal care workers on pressure ulceration in the community.BackgroundPressure ulcers are a major burden to health care and with an ageing population likely to increase. Formal care workers are ideally placed to identify high risk but lack standardised educational provision.DesignAn insider approach to action research in one provider organisation, November 2014–May 2015.MethodsNumber and categorisation of pressure ulcers, within three community nursing teams before and four months after intervention was delivered to a purposive sample (n = 250) of formal care workers, were assessed and the taught element evaluated using a questionnaire and verbal feedback.ResultsTotal number of pressure ulcers reduced from 28–20, category II, 19–11, III unchanged at 6 and IV from 2–0 following the educational intervention. Key risk factors included impaired mobility (71%), urinary incontinence (61%) and previous pressure damage (25%), and 71% had formal care worker input. The intervention was highly rated 4·95/5 by 215 (86%) formal care workers in the evaluation questionnaire.ConclusionsFormal care workers receive little, if any, education on pressure ulceration. An educational intervention can have a positive effect within community care, with the potential to reduce direct costs of care. However, a standardised approach to education is required; an urgent review of the education provision to formal care workers, in the UK and around the world, is therefore essential if the potential that formal care workers offer is to be realised.Relevance to clinical practiceFormal care workers are ideally placed to help identify and alert healthcare professionals about patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers. If this potential is to be realised, a standardised approach to education is required.
Conservative management of post‐partum hemorrhage secondary to placenta previa–accreta with hypogastric artery ligation and endo‐uterine hemostatic suture
Authors: Rauf Melekoglu , Ebru Celik , Sevil Eraslan , Selim Buyukkurt 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes of conservative management of post‐partum hemorrhage due to placenta previa–accreta using hypogastric artery ligation and endo‐uterine hemostatic suture to lower uterine segment.MethodsThe records of 38 patients who were managed conservatively with hypogastric artery ligation and endo‐uterine hemostatic suture to control post‐partum hemorrhage secondary to placenta previa–accreta between April 2014 and January 2016, were reviewed retrospectively. Placenta previa–accreta was diagnosed according to gray‐scale, color and 3‐D power Doppler ultrasonography in addition to the intraoperative findings based on fragmentary or difficult separation of the placenta. In the case of conservative treatment protocol failure, cesarean hysterectomy was performed.ResultsOf these patients, 55.2% were between 25 and 35 years old; 97.5% were multiparous; 71.2% had two or more previous cesarean section and 68.5% had preterm delivery. Women with placenta accreta had a median estimated blood loss of 450 mL; 57.8% of patients had blood transfusion (mean intraoperative transfusion, 2 units packed red blood cells; range, 0–9 units). Median duration of operation was 112.5 min (range, 45–305 min) and 32 patients (84.3%) with placenta accreta did not undergo cesarean hysterectomy.ConclusionConservative treatment of post‐partum hemorrhage secondary to placenta previa–accreta with hypogastric artery ligation and endo‐uterine hemostatic sutures to the lower segment of the uterus is associated with lower hysterectomy rate compared with the other conservative methods reported in the literature.
Evaluation of ovarian reserve using anti‐müllerian hormone and antral follicle count in Sjögren's syndrome: Preliminary study
Authors: Karakus Savas , Sahin Ali , Durmaz Yunus , Aydin Huseyin , Yildiz Caglar , Akkar Ozlem , Dogan Mansur , Cengiz Ahmet , Cetin Meral , Cetin Ali 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine ovarian reserve status using anti‐müllerian hormone (AMH) level and antral follicle count (AFC) in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsTwenty‐four women with SS diagnosed according to the classification criteria proposed by the American–European Consensus Group and 25 healthy women as controls were enrolled in this study. Ovarian reserve was assessed on clinical findings, AFC, and serum AMH and reproductive hormone levels.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls, in the SS patients, the duration of menstrual cycle was significantly shorter (P = 0.043); serum AMH (P = 0.001) and AFC (P = 0.001) were significantly lower, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly higher (P = 0.019). The right (P = 0.555) and left ovarian (P = 0.386) volumes were also lower but this did not reach statistical significance. Serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (P = 0.327), estradiol (P = 0.241), and prolactin (P = 0.55) were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsOvarian reserve may be reduced in SS patients. For the assessment of ovarian reserve, serum AMH and ovarian AFC with serum LH may be useful. Further studies with long‐term follow‐up are required to determine the course of ovarian reserve abnormalities and best possible biomarkers of reduced ovarian reserve in SS patients.
Stuck in Limbo: Motivational Antecedents and Consequences of Experiencing Action Crises in Personal Goal Pursuit
Authors: Holding Anne C. , Hope Nora H. , Harvey Brenda , Marion Jetten Ariane S. , Koestner Richard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveAction crises describe the intrapsychic conflicts individuals experience when they feel torn between further goal pursuit and goal disengagement. The present investigation introduces autonomous and controlled motivation as independent predictors of action crisis severity, beyond known personality‐level predictors (action orientation) and novel personality‐level predictors (Neuroticism and Conscientiousness).MethodUsing a multi‐wave prospective longitudinal design and multilevel modeling (MLM), we followed students pursuing three personal goals across an academic semester (N = 425 undergraduates; 76% female; 57% Caucasian; Mage = 20.2, SD = 2.3). In two follow‐up surveys, participants reported on the severity of their action crises, goal progress, and symptoms of depression.ResultsResults suggest that autonomous motivation shields individuals from experiencing action crises, whereas controlled motivation represents a risk factor for developing action crises beyond personality‐level predictors. Furthermore, MLM revealed that autonomous motivation is a significant predictor of action crisis severity at both the within‐ and between‐person levels of analysis. Action crises mediate both the relationship between autonomous motivation and goal progress, and the relationship between controlled motivation and symptoms of depression.ConclusionsThe implications of these findings for the prevention of action crises and motivation research are discussed.
Innovative Egg Custard Formulation Reduced Rearing Period and Improved Survival of Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Larvae
Authors: Nik Sin Nik Nurhusna , Shapawi Rossita 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the performance of new egg custard formula to replace Artemia sp. on the growth and survival of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae. Five experimental diets were tested with triplicate treatments: ART (Artemia sp.), ART‐MIX (Artemia sp. + egg custard MIX: a mixture of shrimp, squid, and bivalve meal‐based egg custard, with palm oil), ART‐PBM (Artemia sp. + PBM, poultry byproduct meal‐based egg custard with fish oil), egg custard MIX only, and egg custard PBM only. All experimental diets were tested after 9 d (stage VI) of feeding Artemia sp. to prawn larvae. The stocking density was set at 100 larvae/L in a clear water tank culture system. Results indicated that the highest survival was recorded in the treatment of ART‐PBM (46.07 ± 0.84%) and the lowest was in the MIX treatment (8.87 ± 0.51%). ART‐PBM and ART‐MIX diets successfully reduced the rearing period and improved survival from larval to postlarval stage by 19 and 65%, respectively, compared with the ART diet. However, the use of MIX and PBM alone increased the rearing period up to 11%. The feeding regime of ART‐PBM and ART‐MIX has provided nutritional advantages and can be successfully practiced in the hatchery of M. rosenbergii larvae. The innovative approach of using PBM and palm oil in the egg custard formulation in this study can provide prawn hatchery operators with more options in terms of dietary ingredients and cost‐effective solutions.
Inactivation of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage micro-organisms using ultraviolet-A light in combination with ferulic acid
Authors: Shirai A. , Watanabe T. , Matsuki H. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The low energy of UV-A (315–400 nm) is insufficient for disinfection. To improve UV-A disinfection technology, we evaluated the effect of ferulic acid (FA) addition on disinfection by UV-A light-emitting diode (LED) (350-385 nm) against various food spoilers and pathogens (seven bacteria and four fungi species). Photoantimicrobial assays were performed at FA concentrations below the MIC. The MIC of the isomerized FA, consisting of 93% cis-form and 7% trans-form, was very similar to that of the commercially available FA (trans-form). Irradiation with UV-A (1·0 J cm−2) in the presence of 100 mg l−1 FA resulted in enhanced reducing of all of the tested bacterial strains. A combination of UV-A (10 J cm−2) and 1000 mg l−1 FA resulted in enhanced reducing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one of the tested filamentous fungi. These results demonstrated that the combination of a short-term application of UV-A and FA at a low concentration yielded synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial activity, especially against bacteria.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Microbial contamination is one of the most serious problems for foods, fruit and sugar thick juices. UV light is suitable for the nonthermal decontamination of food products by inactivating the contaminating micro-organisms. However, UV-A exposure is insufficient for disinfection. This study demonstrates that the combination of UV-A LED light (350–385 nm), which is not hazardous to human eyes and skin, and ferulic acid (FA), a known phytochemical and food additive, provides synergistic antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage micro-organisms. Therefore, FA addition to UV-A light treatment may be useful for improvement of UV-A disinfection technology to prevent food deterioration.
Experimental assessment ofPosidonia oceanica‐associated gastropods grazing on an early‐successional biofilm community: nutrient availability and species‐specific effects
Authors: Castejón‐Silvo Inés , Terrados Jorge 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough grazing is considered an essential process controlling epiphyte biomass on seagrass leaves, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge about the species‐specific consumption rates of the most common grazers in Mediterranean meadows. This study experimentally assessed the effect ofPosidonia oceanica‐associated gastropod grazing on early successional biofilm and the species‐specific relationship between biofilm consumption rates and biofilm biomass. Two biofilms on artificial substrata, both developedin situ(in aP. oceanicameadow), one under ambient conditions and the other under nutrient‐enriched conditions, were offered in aquaria assays to nine species of grazers found inP. oceanicameadows. Biofilm consumption rates and their association with biofilm biomass were assessed. It was found that: (i) there was a positive association between biofilm consumption and biofilm biomass up to 20 mg Chla·m−2forBittium reticulatum,Gibbula ardens,Jujubinus exasperatusandTricolia pullus; (ii)Alvania montagui,B. reticulatumandJujubinus striatusshowed the highest consumption rates and are thus expected to be amongst the leading consumers in early‐successional epiphytic communities; (iii) there was not an increase of consumption rate when a substratum colonized under nutrient‐enriched conditions was offered to any of the nine studied species. This study provides species‐specific consumption rates knowledge that is useful for the assessment of the strength of grazer–epiphyte interactions and trophic fluxes inP. oceanicameadows.